bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flooding in South Ward - Analysis of a Lease Performance
Authors: Dyes A.B. , Braun P.H. , Coles B.E. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 283–288.

Abstract
This paper presents a reservoir engineering analysis of the performance data for a waterflooding project in the Johnson Lease, South Ward field. This type of engineering analysis adds to the knowledge of the mechanics of water flooding. This study reveals that in general high ultimate areal sweep-out efficiencies (95 to 100 per cent) can be expected, and crossflow among strata of different permeabilities during the fill-up phase can have an important influence on the behavior and should be dealt with in studying reservoirs for water flooding. The analysis further showed that the recovery predictions based on what was considered a consistent interpretation of core data and logs were low because little contribution was assumed from the low permeability, oil-bearing sand sections which have apparently yielded considerable waterflood oil.
This project has yielded in excess of 2½ times as much oil by water flooding as by primary depletion. These very favorable results were achieved without the use of any special injection well completion techniques. However, all of the low permeability material was included in the section open to injection despite its poor estimated primary yield.

Lease Performance History
The South Ward field lies in the southeast corner of Ward County near the southern tip of the tremendous Yates trend. Deposition of sand bodies along the seashore reefs during the latter part of the Permian period established what have turned out to be ideal conditions to form a great number of independent productive sands. Probably, these reservoirs in Ward and Winkler counties are providing operators with some of the nation's richest sources of secondary oil reserves through the use of waterflooding techniques.
In South Ward field water has been very successfully used to flood oil from the Bennett sand occurring at a depth of about 2,300 to 2,400 ft. About 150 ft above the Bennett sand reservoir, the Grand Falls sand produced gas from a large cap extending over most of the field.
A Diffusion Model to Explain Mixing of Flowing Miscible Fluids in Porous Media
Authors: Aronofsky J.S. , Heller J.P. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 345–349.

Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical analysis of the fluid mixing which occurs during flow through porous media. The analysis is based on the well-known diffusion equation with mass transfer term. It is pointed out that the use of this equation is justified by a single general assumption which does not specify any particular mechanism for the mixing process. Formulas are given for tracer fluid concentrations for two different boundary and initial conditions. Calculated numerical values compare closely with some published results of experiments in which no viscosity or density difference existed between displaced and displacing fluids.

Introduction
A phenomenological theory of the mixing and diffusion process is presented for the flow in a porous medium of two miscible liquids of equal viscosity and density. This is based on the classical diffusion equation which has been used to explain such processes as Brownian motion and heat conduction. More recently, this same differential equation has been derived (in a manner analogous to the work in this paper) for the problem of heat transfer during fluid flow in porous media. The purpose of this paper is to show that the available experimental evidence justifies the use of this simple diffusion equation. The recent data of Koch and Slobod and of von Rosenberg are used to test this diffusion model by comparing concentration curve shapes and calculating "effective diffusion coefficients".
The same differential equation for miscible displacement, as well as some experimental confirmation, has been published in Japan by K. Yuhara, and recently in this country by Day. Yuhara arrives at his conclusions through analogy with turbulent diffusion, describing the microscopic velocities in terms of "eddy motion" although unlike the ordinary eddies of hydraulics. Day proceeds directly from Scheidegger's concept of the dispersion of velocities. After a very clear description of Scheidegger's theory, he applies it to calculate the motion first of a drop and then of a thin layer of brine into a bed of sand. For the latter case, Day derives and solves the same differential equation as Eq. 1.
Volume Requirements for Air or Gas Drilling
Authors: Angel R.R. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 210, 1957, pages 325–330.

Abstract
Drilling rate is a parameter that should be considered in determining the volume requirements for air and gas drilling. The use of past method which ignore the effects of the solids content upon the pressure and velocity of the annulus flow stream can result in under calculation of the required volume by as much as 50 per cent.
A vertical-flow equation is presented for determining volume requirements. This equation includes the effect of the solids that are transported up the annulus in the flow stream by incorporating the drilling rate as one of the parameters. The effect of down-hole temperature on required circulation rates is also analyzed.
A simple approximate method of determining volume requirements is presented. This method is more accurate than the methods used in the past.
Hole cleaning difficulties are analyzed for a recent air drilling job where past method indicated that excess air was being used.
Sample curves of calculated bottom-hole pressures are presented for air and gas drilling in several hole sizes.

Introduction
In certain areas the use of air or natural gas as a circulating medium for drilling oil and gas wells is becoming a common practice. Large increases in penetration rate and bit life are achieved through the use of these media in preference to mud or water. Drilling rates as high as 90 ft/hr have been obtained in shales.
The importance of maintaining adequate circulation rate is generally recognized; however, much disagreement exists among drilling operators as to what constitutes "adequate" circulation rate. In quarry drilling, where annular velocities can be accurately determined, an annular velocity of 3,000 ft/min of standard air is required for best results in rocks having approximately the same density as those commonly penetrated in drilling oil or gas wells. Although this standard air velocity has proven satisfactory for quarry drilling, some oil and gas well drilling operators believe that an equivalent annular velocity of more than 4,000 ft/min is required; others believe that as little as 2,000 ft/min is sufficient. Much of this disagreement results from determining the required circulation rates with methods which fail to incorporate the drilled solids in an equation which is applicable to vertical flow.
Compressibility of Undersaturated Hydrocarbon Reservoir Fluids
Authors: Trube Albert S. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 341–344.

Introduction
Increasing emphasis is being placed on the necessity for obtaining reasonably accurate estimates of the physical properties of reservoir fluids well in advance of more accurate laboratory data. One such factor is the isothermal coefficient of expansion of an undersaturated hydrocarbon liquid which may be contained in a particular reservoir. This coefficient, or liquid "compressibility", has often been assumed to be relatively insensitive and nearly constant. Although this assumption may be nearly correct in the case of high specific gravity liquids, it cannot apply in the case of medium to low specific gravity liquids. Any treatment of the nature of liquid compressibilities must give consideration to the variable nature of the isothermal expansion coefficient and the fact that it can be both pressure sensitive and temperature sensitive.
Relationships between Academic Self-Efficacy, Learning-Related Emotions, and Metacognitive Learning Strategies with Academic Performance in Medical Students: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Hayat Ali Asghar , Shatery Karim , Amini Mitra , Shokrpour Nasrin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recognition of the factors affecting the medical students’ academic success is one of the most important challenges and concerns in medical schools. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of metacognitive learning strategies in the relationship between learning-related emotions and academic self-efficacy with academic performance in medical students. Methods: The present study was carried out on 279 students of medicine studying in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The students filled out three questionnaires: academic emotions (AEQ), metacognitive learning strategies, and academic self-efficacy questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS3. Results: The results of structural equation modeling revealed that the students’ self-efficacy has an impact on their positive emotions and metacognitive learning strategies, and these in turn affect the students’ academic performance. Moreover, positive emotions influence the metacognitive learning strategies which in turn mediate the effect of positive emotions on the academic performance. Discussion: The results of this study revealed that metacognitive strategies can play a mediating role in the students’ self-efficacy, positive emotions, and academic performance. Therefore, in case we can strengthen the students’ self-efficacy and their positive academic emotions, their performance will improve.
Attitude, Practice and its Associated Factors towards Diabetes Complications among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Addis Zemen District Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: belsti yitayeh , Akalu Yonas , Animut Yaregal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the level of attitude, practices, and its associated factors towards complications of diabetes mellitus among type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among Type 2 diabetes patients visiting the diabetes clinic at Adiss Zemen District Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 402 patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with attitudes and practices towards diabetes complications. AOR with 95% CI and p-value less than 0.05 was considered to identify significant associated factors.

Results

Two third of the study participants 65.2% (95% CI: 60.2, 69.4) had a good attitude level while less than half of study participants 48.8% (95% CI: 44.0, 53.5) had a good practice on diabetes complications. Educational status of: read and write (AOR=2.32, 95% CI=1.26 4.27), primary school (AOR= 4.31, 95% CI= 2.06, 9.02), high school and above (AOR=2.79, 95% CI=1.41, 5.50), and urban residence (AOR=1.80, 95% CI=1.12 2.91) were significant factors for good attitude while educational status of: read and write (AOR=1.96, 95% CI=1.06, 3.61), high school and above (AOR=2.57, 95% CI=1.32, 5.02) were associated with diabetes complication practices.

Conclusions

Greater proportion of diabetes patients had relatively good attitude but poor practice towards diabetes complication prevention. Residence was significant contributing factor for good attitude whereas educational status was significantly associated with both attitude and practice. The current study suggests the need of structured educational programs about diabetes complications on a regular basis to improve patient’s attitude and practice.
Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective
Authors: Folayan Morenike , Tantawi Maha El , Schroth Robert J , Vukovic Ana , Kemoli Authur , Gaffar Balgis O , Obiyan Mary 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is the main risk factor for most common communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children.
Methods: Matched country-level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence were generated from databases covering the period 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for gross national income per capita. Adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed.
Results: The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence was 23.8 (14.8)% for 0-2 year-olds and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5-year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (η2= 0.21): one percent higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B= 0.12, P= 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (η2= 0.08): one percent higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B= -0.14, P= 0.048).
Conclusion: Country-level prevalence of ECC was associated with malnutrition in 0-2-year-olds and with anemia in 3-5-year-olds. The pathway for the direct relationship between ECC and overweight may be diet related. The pathway for the inverse relationship between ECC and anemia is less clear and needs further investigations.
First line in psychiatric emergency: Pre-hospital emergency protocol for mental disorders in Iran
Authors: Shirzad Fatemeh , Hadi Fateme , Mortazavi Seyede Salehe , Biglari Maryam , Sari Hassan Noori , Mohammadi Zeinab , Atoofi Mehrdad Kazemzade , Shariat Seyed Vahid 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction : This article is a report of designing a rapid and effective guide for paramedics who take care of patients in a pre-hospital setting to answer developing demands.
Methods: The relevant literature was reviewed, and the topics were extracted. Then, the extracted items were discussed in an expert panel. Finally, items were discussed in a meeting including emergency technicians and emergency technical assistants to identify implementation problems.
Result s : Important topics for managing psychiatric patients were categorized at three levels: 1) Patient safety and security issues, 2) Patient status assessment and diagnosis, and 3) Patient management (medical, behavioral management, and referral to a treatment center).
Discussion: This protocol can be a solution to improve emergency technician training. Such summarized protocols can be used for rapid review immediately before exposing a patient with an acute psychiatric condition. Due to specific cultural and different access to medicines in Iran, some issues are different.
Roles of Peritoneal Clearance and Residual Kidney Removal in Control of Uric Acid in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Xiao Xi , Ye Hongjian , Yi Chunyan , Lin Jianxiong , Peng Yuan , Huang Xuan , Wu Meiju , Wu Haishan , Mao Haiping , Yu Xueqing , Yang Xiao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: There have been few systematic studies regarding clearance of uric acid (UA) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study investigated peritoneal UA removal and its influencing factors in patients undergoing PD. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients who underwent peritoneal equilibration test and assessment of Kt/V from April 1, 2018 to August 31, 2019. Demographic data and clinical and laboratory parameters were collected, including UA levels in dialysate, blood, and urine. Results: In total, 180 prevalent patients undergoing PD (52.8% men) were included. Compared with the normal serum UA (SUA) group, the hyperuricemia group showed significantly lower peritoneal UA clearance (39.1±6.2 vs. 42.0±8.0 L/week/1.73m2; P=0.008). Furthermore, higher transporters (high or high-average) exhibited greater peritoneal UA clearance, compared with lower transporters (low or low-average) (42.0±7.0 vs. 36.4±5.6 L/week/1.73 m2; P<0.001). Among widely used solute removal indicators, peritoneal creatinine clearance showed the best performance for prediction of higher peritoneal UA clearance in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis [area under curve (AUC) 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.99]. Peritoneal UA clearance was independently associated with continuous SUA [standardized coefficient (β), -0.32; 95% CI, -6.42 to -0.75] and hyperuricemia [odds ratio (OR), 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.98] status, only in patients with lower (≤2.74 mL/min/1.73 m2) measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR). In those patients with lower mGFR, lower albumin level (β -0.24; 95%CI -7.26 to -0.99), lower body mass index (β -0.29; 95%CI -0.98 to -0.24), higher transporter status (β 0.24; 95%CI 0.72-5.88) and greater dialysis dose (β 0.24; 95%CI 0.26-3.12) were independently associated with continuous peritoneal UA clearance. Furthermore, each 1kg/m2 decrease in body mass index (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.63-0.99), each 1g/dL decrease in albumin level (OR 0.08; 95%CI 0.01-0.47), and each 0.1% increase in average glucose concentration in dialysate (OR 1.56; 95%CI 1.11-2.19) were associated with greater peritoneal UA clearance (>39.8 L/week/1.73m2). Conclusions: For patients undergoing PD who exhibited worse residual kidney function, peritoneal clearance dominated in SUA balance. Increasing dialysis dose or average glucose concentration may aid in controlling hyperuricemia in lower transporters.
The Impact of Point-of-Care Testing for Influenza A and B on Patient Flow and Management in a Medical Assessment Unit of a General Hospital.
Authors: Connell Shane O , Conlan Chris , Reidy Mary , Stack Ciara , Mulgrew Alan , Baruah Joy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives

Timely implementation of influenza infection control and treatment can significantly reduce the impact on Hospital resources and patient management when demand is at peak. Turnaround times of Laboratory based screening tests for the diagnosis of influenza may have an impact on the implementation of infection control measures and treatment. In this study the objectives included determining the correlation between the Abbott ID NOW point-of-care testing (POCT) instrument using the Influenza A&B2 test and the laboratory based GeneXpert Flu+RSV kit. In addition the impact of the POCT instrument on the prescription of antivirals and antibiotics was evaluated by comparing with practice when the instrument was not in place.

Results

The results of the correlation study with a cohort of 54 patients revealed the Abbott ID NOW POCT has 92% sensitivity for the detection of Influenza A, while specificity was 100% for both Influenza A and B. The impact of the POCT instrument on the frequency of prescription of antivirals and amount of antibiotics consumed (33% reduction in antibiotic consumption in a cohort of 65 (2017) and 61 (2018)) was significant. In addition the average patient length of Hospital stay was significantly reduced from 5.26 days to 3.73 days.
A nationwide survey on the use of Heated Humidified High Flow Oxygen therapy on the paediatric wards in the UK: Current practice and research priorities.
Authors: Hosheh Osama , Edwards Christopher T , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy (HHFNC) is increasingly used on the paediatric wards and High Dependency Units (HDU) for different types of pathologies and different age groups. We aimed to describe current practice related to the use of HHFNC on the paediatric wards and HDUs, weaning practices and preferred outcome measures for future research. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional online survey of UK paediatric consultants or their delegates working on the paediatric wards. Descriptive analysis of their geographical, and organizational characteristics, their specialties, and their level of experience was investigated. Reasons for HHFNC initiation, weaning criteria, patients’ characteristics and their primary pathologies were also analysed. Results: Participation of 218 paediatricians from 81 hospitals (Median: 2.7, Range: 1-11) was registered. HHFNC was provided in most of the surveyed hospitals (93%, 75/81). A High Dependency Unit (HDU) was available in 47 hospitals (58%); less than a third of those have a dedicated paediatrician. Decisions around HHFNC were made solely by paediatricians in (75%) of the cases, mostly at hospitals with no HDU compared to those with dedicated HDUs (70.3% VS 36.6%, 95%CI:22.6%-50.4%, P< .001). Nearly two-thirds (68%) of the practitioners who used HHFNC on the wards reported that its effectiveness is either the same or superior to CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) with fewer complications. Failure rate while on HHFNC was identified as the most important outcome measure in any future research followed by the length of need for HHFNC support (37.1%, and 28% respectively). Conclusion: This survey showed support for developing paediatric-specific national guidance on the use of HHFNC on the wards. Our list of defined research priorities may help guide further collaborative research efforts in this field.
Hypernatremia at admission predicts poor survival in patients with terminal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seo Minseok , Hwang In Cheol , Jung Jaehun , Lee Hwanhee , Choi Jae Hee , Shim Jae-Yong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

Although palliative care providers, patients, and their familes rely heavily on accurate prognostication, the prognostic value of electrolyte imbalance has received little attention.

Methods

As a retrospective review, we screened inpatients with terminal cancer admitted between January 2017 and May 2019 to one hospice-palliative care unit. Clinical characteristics and laboratory results were obtained from medical records for multivariable Cox regression analysis of independant prognostic factors.

Results

Of the 487 patients who qualified, 15 (3%) were hypernatremic upon admission. Median survival time was 26 days. Parameters associated with shortened survival included male sex, advanced age (> 70 years), lung cancer, poor performance status, elevated inflammatory markers, azotemia, impaired liver function, and hypernatermia. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, male sex (hazard ratio [HR]=1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–2.04), poor performance status (HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.09–1.94), leukocytosis (HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.47–2.66), hypoalbuminemia (HR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.49–2.73) and hypernatremia (HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.18–2.03) emerged as significant predictors of poor prognosis.

Conclusion

Hypernatremia may be a useful gauge of prognosis in patients with terminal cancer. Further corroborative studies of large scale and prospective design are needed.