bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of BMI in PCOS Towards Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Arshad Farhatul-Ain , Mehmood Rubaida , Kausar Nahid , Bibi Asia , Khan Muhammad Annus 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder in which blood markers of cardiac disorders have been frequently established. However, the impact of obesity on PCOS is still to be discovered. This study was designed to determine if cardiac disorder in PCOS women may explain by altered BMI and biochemical parameters.Methods: A prospective study was carried out by having 100 samples of obese (50) and non-obese (50) PCOS patients. Blood samples (<5ml) were collected, statistical analysis and correlation of BMI were done with hormonal and lipid profile.Results: On Pearson correlation analysis of BMI with lipid and hormonal profile, cholesterol showed a positive correlation in obese PCOS. Spearman correlation analysis of BMI showed positive significant correlation with testosterone in non-obese PCOS. Obese and non-obese groups were further subdivided into married (obese, non-obese), unmarried (obese and non-obese) groups. Negative correlation with LH in married obese, while none of the significant results had been found in married non-obese. In the case of unmarried obese, testosterone showed negative and estradiol showed a positive correlation in unmarried non-obese.Conclusions: The data from this study concluded that young PCOS women have evidence for altered endocrine functions along with elevated BMI. Furthermore correlation of BMI and testosterone might be one of the major factors of developing adiposity and infertility that further causes cardiac diseases. Lifestyle modifications are also beneficial for lessen the ovarian cysts and promote fertility in pubertal females. However, the evidence is limited and more investigations are still needed.
A Comparative Analysis of Transcription Networks Active in Juvenile and Mature Wood in Populus
Authors: Luo Laifu , Zhu Yingying , Gui Jinshan , Yin Tongmin , Luo Wenchun , Liu Jianquan , Li Laigeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Juvenile wood (JW) and mature wood (MW) have distinct physical and chemical characters, reflecting the different wood formation over the tree life-span. However, the regulatory mechanisms that distinguish or modulate the characteristics of JW and MW in relation to each other have not been mapped. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), we analyzed wood properties associated with JW and MW forming tissue from Populus trees with an identical genetic background.Results: JW and MW of Populus displayed different wood properties as the result of significant differences in transcriptional programs and patterns of DNA methylation. Differences were concentrated in gene networks involved in regulating hormonal signaling pathways responsible for auxin distribution and brassinosteroids biosynthesis as well as genes active in regulating cell expansion and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. An observed correlation between gene expression profiling and DNA methylation indicated that DNA methylation affected expression of the genes related to auxin distribution and brassinosteroids signal transduction, cell expansion in JW and MW formation. Conclusions: Auxin distribution, brassinosteroids biosynthesis and signaling play critical roles in formation of JW and MW. DNA methylation is involved in formatting the transcriptional programs in different development phases which contribute to JW and MW formation. The study sheds light to better understand the molecular networks underlying regulation of wood properties which could inform improvement of wood formation.
Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis-Based Identification of Key Modules and Hub Genes that Regulate the Drought Stress Response in the Rice Drought-Sensitive Line PY6
Authors: Yu Baiyang , Liu Jianbin , Wu Di , Liu Ying , Cen Weijian , Wang Shaokui , Li Rongbai , Luo Jijing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Drought stress is an adverse factor with deleterious effects on several aspects of rice growth. However, the mechanism underlying drought resistance in rice remains unclear. To understand the molecular mechanism of the drought response in rice, drought-sensitive CSSL (Chromosome Single-substitution Segment Line) PY6 was used to map QTLs of sensitive phenotypes and to reveal the impact of the QTLs on transcriptional profiling. The dss-1 locus was mapped onto the short arm of chromosome 1 of rice. According to transcriptomic analysis, the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited a downregulated pattern and were mainly enriched in photosynthesis-related GO terms, indicating that photosynthesis was greatly inhibited under drought. Further, according to weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), 4 and 3 modules were strongly correlated with H2O2 and MDA, respectively. Likewise, GO analysis revealed that the photosynthesis-related GO terms were consistently overrepresented in H2O2-correlated modules. Functional annotation of the DEGs in the H2O2 and MDA-correlated modules revealed cross-talk between abiotic and biotic stress responses for these genes, which were annotated as encoding WRKYs and PR family proteins, were notably differentially expressed between PY6 and PR403.We speculated that drought-induced photosynthetic inhibition leads to H2O2 and MDA accumulation, which can then trigger the reprogramming of the rice transcriptome, including the hub genes involved in ROS scavenging, to prevent oxidative stress damage. Our results shed light on and provide deep insight into the drought resistance mechanism in rice.
Genetic predisposition to television watching increases the risk of type 2 diabetes: a bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Songzan , Yang Fangkun , Xu Tian , Wang Yao , Zhang Kaijie , Fu Guosheng , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Excessive sedentary behaviors have been reported to be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but whether this association is causal remains unclear. In current study, we aimed to investigate the causal association between domain-specific sedentary behaviors and the risk of type 2 diabetes using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: We identified 165 single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables for television watching, 43 for computer use and 5 for driving behavior from a recently published genome-wide association study (n = 408,815). Genetic association estimates for type 2 diabetes were obtained from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls). The inverse variance-weighted method was used to estimate the effect of genetically predicted sedentary behaviors on the risk of type 2 diabetes. Reverse MR analysis was performed to investigate the reverse causation. The weighted median method, MR-Egger method, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier method were employed in the sensitivity analyses. In addition, multivariable MR analysis and mediation analysis were conducted to explore the potential mechanistic elements.Results: Genetic predisposition to excessive television watching was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The OR (95% CI) per 1.5h (1 standard deviation) increment in television watching time was 1.82 (1.61, 2.07) for type 2 diabetes. This association was substantially attenuated after adjustment for anthropometric traits (adjusting BMI: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.17 – 1.57, P = 4.1 × 10-5; adjusting WHR: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.09 – 1.45, P = 1.4 × 10-3) and educational attainment (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.16 – 1.91, P = 1.7 × 10-3). There was limited evidence of associations of computer use and driving behavior with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Our study clarifies the causal effect of excessive television watching on the increased risk of type 2 diabetes from a genetic perspective, which may be partly mediated via anthropometric and educational traits. Television watching may serve as a behavioral target to prevent incident diabetes.
Comparative cellular, physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the potential easy dehulling mechanism of rice tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tararicum)
Authors: Li Hongyou , Wu Chaoxin , Lv Qiuyu , Shi Taoxiong , Chen Qijiao , Chen Qingfu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Tartary buckwheat has gained popularity in the food marketplace due to its abundant nutrients and high bioactive flavonoid content. However, its difficult dehulling process has severely restricted its food processing industry development. Rice tartary buckwheat, a rare local variety, is very easily dehulled, but the cellular, physiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for this easy dehulling remains largely unclear.
Results
In this study, we integrated analyses of the comparative cellular, physiological, transcriptome, and gene coexpression network to insight into the reason that rice tartary buckwheat is easy to dehull. Compared to normal tartary buckwheat, rice tartary buckwheat had significantly brittler and thinner hull, and thinner cell wall in hull sclerenchyma cells. Furthermore, the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of rice tartary buckwheat hull were significantly lower than those in all or part of the tested normal tartary buckwheat cultivars, respectively, and the significant difference in cellulose and hemicellulose contents between rice tartary buckwheat and normal tartary buckwheat began at 10 days after pollination (DAP). Comparative transcriptome analysis identified a total of 9,250 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the rice- and normal-tartary buckwheat hulls at four different development stages. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of all DEGs identified a key module associated with the formation of the hull difference between rice- and normal-tartary buckwheat. In this specific module, many secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis regulatory and structural genes, which involved in cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis, were identified hub genes and displayed coexpression. These identified hub genes of SCW biosynthesis were significantly lower expression in rice tartary buckwheat hull than in normal tartary buckwheat at the early hull development stages. Among them, the expression of 17 SCW biosynthesis relative-hub genes were further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Conclusions
Our results show that the lower expression of SCW biosynthesis regulatory and structural genes in rice tartary buckwheat hull in the early development stages contribute to its easy dehulling by reducing the content of cell wall chemical components, which further effect the cell wall thickness of hull sclerenchyma cells, and hull thickness and mechanical strength.
Outcomes and risk factors for the survival of COVID-19 related ARDS patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Wang Luyun , Chen Kengquan , Chen Peng , Ni Li , Jiang Jiangang , Wang Daowen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In current pandemic of COVID-19, approximately 15% to 30% of critically ill COVID-19 patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a high mortality. Extracorporeal membrane of oxygenation (ECMO) provides direct support for both lung and heart in ARDS. However, the role of ECMO in COVID-19 related ARDS was still controversial. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) management, risk factors for mortality, 180-day short term prognosis of the COVID-19 related severe ARDS patients receiving ECMO treatment. Methods: From Feb 2nd, 2020 to April 27th, 2020, we included adult COVID-19 related ARDS patients admitted to intensive care unit in Tongji Hospital. Totally, 53 patients were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into ECMO (mechanical ventilation with ECMO, n=16) and non-ECMO group (mechanical ventilation, n=37). The primary outcome was all-cause 60-day mortality. The secondary outcomes were complications on ECMO, successful weaning from ECMO, and all-cause 180-day mortality. Results: The all-cause 60-day mortality was 37.5% (6/16) in ECMO group and 86.5% (32/37) in non-ECMO group (HR, 0.196; 95% CI, 0.053-0.721; p=0.014). 10 (62.5%) patients were successfully weaned from ECMO. The all-cause 180-day mortality was 56.3% (9/16) in ECMO group and 33 (89.2%, 33/37) in non-ECMO group (HR, 0.298; 95% CI, 0.130-0.680; p=0.004). All the patients in ECMO group suffered from at least one device-related complication with coagulopathy (81.3%) being most frequently seen. Up to 180-day follow up after disease onset, the ECMO-treated survivors maintained good quality of life without severe complications or disabilities. Hypercapnia, thrombopenia, myocardial injury and elevation of IL-8 and IL-10 during ECMO treatment were strongly associated with death.Conclusion: This study showed the COVID-19 patients significantly benefited from ECMO treatment during severe ARDS, which supported the application of ECMO as an indicated strategy in the management of COVID-19 related ARDS.
Joint modeling versus discriminant analysis for dynamic prediction of a binary outcome based on longitudinal data: A simulation study
Authors: Dandis Rana , IntHout Joanna , Roes Kit , Teerenstra Steven 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:In literature, much emphasis has been placed on new statistical methods for dynamic risk prediction using longitudinal biomarker information. However, few studies have compared their performance for predicting a long-term binary outcome. In this paper we perform a simulation study to compare the dynamic predictive performance of two commonly used methods namely: longitudinal discriminant analysis (LoDA) and joint modeling (JM-Bin) for longitudinal and binary data.Methods: Motivated by a real-world dataset, we simulate different scenarios in which we changed the event rate (i.e. the percentage of patients) and the subject-specific variability of the biomarker to assess their influence on the predictive performance of the two approaches. More specifically, we allow the variability to be different between the subjects based on their outcome, i.e., the between- and/or within- subjects variability is larger in patients compared to healthy subjects. Time-dependent predictive measures (mean squared error of prediction, area under ROC curve) are used to evaluate the dynamic predictive performance.Results: Results show that LoDA produces more accurate predictions than JM-Bin in most of the simulation scenarios. In general, increasing the biomarker’s between-subjects variability reduces the predictive accuracy of both approaches to the same extent. The increase in the number of events does not influence the prediction accuracy of both methods. Conclusions: The predictive performance of LoDA is especially better than JM-Bin when the biomarker’s (within- and/or between-subjects) variability is different between the outcome groups.
Safety and Efficacy of adding Dapagliflozin to Furosemide in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Ibrahim Ayman , Ghaleb Ramadan , Mansour Hossam , Hanafy Amr , Mahmoud Naggeh M. , Elsharef M Abdelfatah , Salama Mohamed Kamal , Elsaughier Saud M. , Abdel-Wahid Lobna , Mohamed Mona Embarek , Ibrahim Ahmed Khair , Abdel-Galeel Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Heart failure is the most common cause of hospitalization in elderly patients. It is likely that many of the mechanisms that contribute to reductions in systolic and diastolic function seen in diabetic patients also place them at an increased risk of heart failure. Diuretic therapy, especially loop diuretics, is the usual way of managing congestion, particularly in volume-overloaded patients. Little is known about the beneficial effect of dapagliflozin when added to loop diuretics in managing patients with decompensated heart failure. Aim: To assess the effect of addition of dapagliflozin to furosemide in managing decompensated patient with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients and methods: The study included 100 type 2 diabetic patients who were admitted with decompensated heart failure. The study population was randomly divided into two arms. Serum electrolytes and kidney functions were followed up during hospital stay. Results: With dapagliflozin, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the change in body weight and body mass index. Also, the diuresis parameters including urine output, total fluid loss, and fluid balance showed statistically significant difference in favor the use of dapagliflozin with no significant change in serum potassium or kidney functions. There was significant improvement in patient-reported dyspnea score with the use of dapagliflozin. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin may provide a new drug option in the treatment of heart failure especially among vulnerable group as diabetics. It has no remarkable effects on serum potassium level and kidney functions.
Correlation Analysis of Oxygen Consumptions Between Stepper and Treadmill Movements and Implication for Rehabilitation
Authors: Mukrikakkada Anwar Hussain , Arnold Graham , Abboud Rami , Wang Weijie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Stepper movement is popular as a home-based exercise. However, it has not been fully investigated how much energy is consumed during movement. This study aimed to investigate oxygen consumption for stepper movements at different cadence levels and to look into whether there are correlations between stepper movement and treadmill walking. Methods: Twenty two healthy volunteers (10 males, 12 females, aged between 18 and 40) participated in the study. The participants performed stepper movements and treadmill walking at three different cadences, a self-determined comfortable cadence, a 20% higher and a 20% lower ones than the comfortable one. Their oxygen consumption was measured using Oxycon mobile® system. A set of parameters, e.g. VO2, Metabolic unit, Energy expenditure, etc were obtained. Statistical analysis was carried out to investigate correlations between stepper and treadmill movements in terms of oxygen consumptions. Results: Strong correlations were found between two types of movements, most of metabolic parameters had correlation coefficients ranged proximately between 0.5 to 0.8, p<0.001. In the conformable cadence level, VO2 for stepper movements was 826.49±56.02 (ml/min) while VO2 for treadmill walking was 787.16±56.02. Usually, stepper movements have oxygen consumption similar to or slightly higher than that in treadmill walking.Conclusions: This study indicates that stepper movement has similar oxygen consumption level to treadmill at a comfortable cadence level and at a 20% higher than the comfortable one, but stepper movement consumes more energy than treadmill walking by approximately 10% at lower cadence (i.e. 20% lower than the comfortable one). The study shows that the stepper movements is highly correlated with treadmill walking in terms of oxygen consumption, and thus stepper movement data provided can be used to predict the treadmill data in rehabilitation.
Association Between Platelet Count and Mucosal Healing in Japanese Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Yagi Sen , Shiraishi Kana , Mori Kenichirou , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Kawasaki Keitarou , Mizukami Yuji , Suzuki Seiyuu , Uraoka Masayoshi , Shibata Naozumi , Nakamura Sanae , Imamine Satoshi , Murakami Hidehiro , Ohashi Katsuhisa , Torisu Masamoto , Hasebe Aki , Yano Harumi , Murakami Masato , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshio , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mucosal healing (MH) has been indicated as the therapeutic goal for ulcerative colitis (UC). Platelet count is known as an inflammation evaluation. However, the association between platelet count and MH among patients with UC is still scarce. We therefore assessed this issue among Japanese patients with UC.Methods: The study subjects consisted of 345 Japanese patients with UC. Platelet count was divided into quartiles on the basis of the distribution of all study subjects (low, moderate, high, and very high). Several endoscope specialists were responsible for evaluating MH and partial MH, which was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 and 0-1, respectively. Estimations of crude odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for partial MH and MH in relation to platelet count were performed using logistic regression analysis. Age, sex, CRP, steroid use, and anti-Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) preparation were selected a priori as potential confounding factors.Results: The percentage of partial MH and MH were 63.2 and 26.1%, respectively. Moderate and very high was independently inversely associated with partial MH (moderate: OR 0.40 [95%CI: 0.19-0.810], very high: OR 0.37 [95%CI: 0.17-0.77], p for trend= 0.034). Similarly, moderate, high, and very high were independently inversely associated with MH (moderate: OR 0.37 [95% CI: 0.18-0.73], high: OR 0.41 [95% CI: 0.19-0.83], and very high: OR 0.45 [95% CI: 0.21-0.94], p for trend = 0.033) after adjustment for confounding factors.Conclusions: Among patients with UC, platelet count was independently inversely associated with MH.
MiR-496 Inhibits the Proliferation Through Targeting LYN and AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Su Rui , Zhao Enhong , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
MiRNA operates as a tumor suppressor or carcinogen to regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolic process. In the present research, we investigated the effect and mechanism of miR496 in human gastric cancer cells. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 and clonogenic assay. Transwell test was performed to detect cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry analysis was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Bioinformatics software targetscan was used for the screening of miR-496’s target gene. MiR-496 was down regulated in three gastric cancer cell lines, SGC-790, AGS and MKN45 compared with normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. MiR-496 mimics inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells after the transfection for 48 h and 72 h. The migration and invasion of AGS cells were also inhibited by the transfection of miR-496 mimics. In addition, miR-496 mimics induced the apoptosis through up regulating the levels of Bax and Active Caspase3 and down regulating the levels of Bcl-2 and Total Caspase3. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was a binding site between miR-496 and LYN kinase (LYN). MiR-496 mimics could inhibit the expression of LYN in AGS cells. The overexpression of LYN blocked the inhibition of tumor cell growth, as well as the inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway induced by miR-496 in gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, miR-496 inhibited the proliferation through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via targeting LYN in gastric cancer cells. Our research provides a new potential target for clinical diagnosis and targeted treatment of gastric cancer.