bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN BAGI PELAKU UMKM SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGUATAN UMKM JABAR JUARA NAIK KELAS
Authors: Fauzi Haris 
Published: August 2020

Manajemen adalah seperangkat kegiatan berupa perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan dan pengendalian yang diarahkan kepada sumberdaya organisasi (manusia, finansial, peralatan fisik dan informasi) dengan tujuan untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dengan cara berdaya guna dan berhasil guna (Stoner, 2009). Fungsi-fungsi manajemen yang harus dilakukan adalah fungsi perencanaan, fungsi pengorganisasian, fungsi pengendalian serta fungsi pengawasan. Semua fungsi ini harus dilakukan agar perusahaan dapat mengoptimalkan semua sumberdaya yang ada dalam perusahaan sehingga tujuan perusahaan dapat tercapai. Perspektif manajemen usaha kecil relatif sedikit berbeda dari manajemen usaha skala besar. Perbedaan yang dimaksud antara lain pada perusahaan besar dan mapan antar fungsi dan tugas manajer telah dipilah-pilah sedemikian rupa sesuai strategi dan struktur organisasi. Pada usaha kecil dimana seluruh sumberdaya sangat terbatas, fungsi dan tugas seorang manager berbaur menjadi satu karena keterbatasan sumber daya. Manajer pada usaha kecil seringkali juga merupakan pendiri atau pemilik. Manajemen keuangan adalah suatu proses dalam pengaturan aktivitas atau kegiatan keuangan dalam suatu organisasi dimana di dalamnya termasuk kegiatan perencanaan, analisis dan pengendalian terhadap kegiatan keuangan (Brigham dan Houston, 2012). Manajemen keuangan dapat diartikan pula sebagai seluruh aktivitas atau kegiatan perusahaan yang berhubungan dengan upaya untuk mendapatkan dana perusahaan dengan meminimalkan biaya serta upaya penggunaan dan pengalokasian dana tersebut secara efesien dalam memaksimalkan nilai perusahaan. Fungsi utama dari manajamen keuangan adalah (1) kegiatan mencari dana (obtain of fund) yang ditujukan untuk keputusan investasi yang menghasilkan laba, dan (2) kegiatan menggunakan dana (allocation of fund); dan (3) kegiatan mendistrubusikan laba sebagai hasil kegiatan operasi. Agar dapat mengambil keputusan keuangan yang tepat maka seorang manajer keuangan wajib mengetahui tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Secara normatif tujuan keputusan keuangan perusahaan adalah memaksimalkan nilai perusahaan.. Tujuan ini identik dengan meminimalkan biaya modal yang harus dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan.
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK MELALUI PELATIHAN PARENTING DI DESA KAUMAN KECAMATAN SEDAYU KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Arsana I Wayan , Irnawati  , Suyono  
Published: August 2020

Pembentukan karakter anak tidaklah lahir begitu saja, ada proses yang dilewatinya sehingga proses tersebut pun menjadi karakter yang melekat dalam diri seorang anak. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman, pendidikan dan mendeskripsikan pentingnya pembentukan karakter melalui pelatihan parenting bagi orang tua , dan masyarakat pada umumnya sekita desa Kuman Kecamatan Sedayu Kabupaten Gresik. Desain yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan pretest posttest design. Pelaksanaan dalam kegiatan ini menggunakan metode pembelajaran Audio visual dan metode pembelajaran ceramah dan demostrasi. Jumlah peserta dalam kegiatan ini sebanyak 37 peserta. Sebelum dimulainya kegiatan, yang terdiri dari 3 sesi pelatihan, peserta terlebuh dahulu di berlakukan tes awal mengerjakan soal. Hal ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahuhi pengetahuan awal peserta tentang Parenting. Berdasarkan hasil dari rangkaian kegiatan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pemahaman peserta tentang parenting meningkat. Adapun nilai peningkatan tersebut dapat dilihat dari prosentase nilai pree test dan post test peserta yang mulanya nilai yang menjawab benar dari nilai pree test hanya 42 % dari seluruh peserta, menjadi nilai post test yang menjawab benar 88% dari semua peserta yang menjawab benar.
PEMBUATAN APLIKASI KEPENDUDUKAN DESA (SIDUKDes) DI DESA CIGALEUH KECAMATAN BANTARUJEG
Authors: Kholiq Abdul , Nurjamilah Lia Lailla , Sudirno Dadang 
Published: August 2020

Instansi pemerintah pada tingkat yang paling bawah adalah Kantor Kepala Desa dimana merupakan suatu instansi yang melakukan pendataan penduduk terutama dalam proses pembuatan Surat Kelahiran, Surat Kematian , Surat Pendataan Penduduk, Surat Pindah, dan Kartu Keluarga (KK). Untuk dapat menciptakan kemudahan, keakuratan dan kecepatan dalam pendataan penduduk beserta laporannya kepada instansi yang lebih tinggi yaitu kecamatan, maka diperlukan sebuah sistem pendataan yang terkomputerisasi. Masalah-masalah yang sering ditangani dikantor kelurahan tentang kependudukan antara lain pendataan penduduk baru, penduduk yang mau pindah atau mutasi, kelahiran dan kematian. Dalam kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Majalengka yang berlangsung di Desa Cigaleuh memiliki tujuan diantaranya; Perangkat desa dan seluruh jajarannya memahami akan pentingnya tertib administrasi dalam oirganisasi di desa Cigaleuh; Masyarakat memahami akan pentingnya Informasi Online di desa Cigaleuh; Terbantunya Perangkat desa soal Sistem Aplikasi Kependudukan Desa yang tadinya masih manual sekarang lebih simpel dengan Aplikasi (SIDUKDes).
Leishmaniasis and Tuberculosis Concurrent Infection in Humans and Animals in Kala-azar Endemic Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Fashiur , Alam Md Jahangir , Sarker Md Abu Sayeed , Uddin Md Jalal , Nipa Shamim Ara , Alim Md Abdul , Matsumoto Yoshitsugu , Rahman Md Bahanur 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Co-infection of parasitic disease and pulmonary tuberculosis are increasing public health problem especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. More than 81% of cases and deaths from TB are in developing countries and is aggravated by concurrency with parasitic diseases, where in Bangladesh suffer a substantial no of Kala-azar cases in each year. Cattle are found to have bovine tuberculosis but at the same areas of Kala-azar endemicity, whether this animal found to be positive.
Objectives: To findout the concurrent infection in humans and animals in Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Surya Kanto Hospital, Mymensingh and four Kala-azar endemic Upazilla of Mymensingh, Tangail and Pabna District. A total of 300 highly suspected tuberculosis patients reported from Kala-azar endemic areas and 170 cattle’s blood sample, 110 cattle spleen samples were included in this study. Cattle blood and spleen samples were investigated for both TB and Kalaazar and all the TB cases were investigated for Kala-azar. Buffy coat from venous blood was taken for ELISA and PCR. Spleen samples were sonicated and then were examined by PCR. All patients’ blood was tested with ICT (rK39) for Visceral Leishmaniasis. ICT positive patient’s splenic aspiration was examined by smear microscopy with 10x 100 magnifications. After that, all these samples were tested by ELISA and PCR.
Results: Out of total 300 patients 162(54%) were found positive for TB. Blood sample of 180 patients was tested with ICT rK39 and 12(7%) patients were found positive for leishmaniasis who suffered from Tuberculosis. These 12(7%) patient’s splenic smear were examined of which 11(92%) of them were found positive for leishmania. But using ELISA all 12(100%) patient smears were found positive. Out of 170 cattle blood 12(7.1%) were ICT positive indicating prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and of these 170 cattle blood 20(11.8%) were found positive for antileishmania antibody. With PCR of these 20, no one was found positive for Leishmania.
Conclusion: Visceral leishmaniasis and tuberculosis coinfection have drawn attention clinically. This study found the presence of leishmaniasis and tuberculosis concurrently in humans in Kala-azar endemic areas, wherein bTB antibody was detected in cattle. Though concurrently leishmania antibody was found in cattle but was not proved by PCR which requires further studies.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 91-96
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Drug Abusers Attending a De-addiction Center in Dhaka
Authors: Kabir SM Humayun , Shaikh Muhammad Abdul Kayum , Ahmed Masud , Begum Masuda , Zafreen Farzana , Mazumder Atiqul Haq 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Drug addiction is a social curse involving all classes of people for ages. Not only it increases individuals morbidity and mortality but also creates social unrest and reduces the national productivity frequent assessment surveys have provided insights into the pattern and required responses.
Objectives: To assess the sociodemographic profile of drug addicts admitted in a prominent drugs deaddiction centre of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 158 admitted patients in Thikana Psychiatric/ Drug de-addiction clinic, from October 2014 to September 2015. A predesigned questionnaire used in evaluating the patients by two or more sittings face-to-face interviews.
Results: Amongst 158 patients, 94.30% were male and 62.0% were in the age group of 21-30 years with a mean age of 26.46 + 6.168 years. Majority (60.8%) patients were married and 48.7% had education up to higher secondary level, 29.1% were unemployed and 27.2% students. About 36.7% were spending between 101- 500 Taka/day and 65.8% arrange money for drugs by themselves. The reason behind starting drug abuse was mainly peer pressure (49.4%) followed by curiosity (26.6%). The mean age of starting drug was 19.42 + 7.68 years and 68.35% were addicted to the drug for the period between 1-5 years. Only 4.4% had positive family history of drug abuse. Regarding route of drug abuse, ingestion was most popular (55.1%) and only 8.9% participants were using injectable route. Amongst abused drugs, Amphetamine (Yaba) was most popular among the female (77.7%) and students (21.5%).
Conclusion: Drug abuse cripples the individual, the family, the society and finally the nation. Since younger generations most affected by the drug abuse, it is prudent to evolve and apply preventive, curative and rehabilitative strategies before it is too late.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 113-115
Prevalence of Contraceptive Used by Married Couples in Chattogram Hill Tracts
Authors: Zafreen Farzana , Rahman Md Mustafizur , Razzak Md Abdur , Rahman Md Habibur , Wahab Md Abdul 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Bangladesh is a densely populated country with high fertility rate. Contraception is an essential method for reducing fertility rate. Use of contraceptive depends on couples’ socio-cultural, education and economic condition. Chattogram hill tract is the least economically developed area where, education and health care facilities are hard to reach.
Objectives: To find out the prevalence of contraceptive used bymarried couples of selected rural community of Khagrachari District.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017on 300married women age ranging from 15 to 45 years reported to outpatient department of Border Guard Hospital,Guimara,Khagrachari were selectedpurposively after informed written consent.All the necessary data were collected in a pretested structured questionnaire by face to face interview.
Results: Among the 300 respondents highest 42.7% was in age group of 15-25 years, 60% were married for more than 10 years, 38.3% were illiterate, 89.7% were housewives and 55.7% had monthly family income between five to ten thousands taka. Respondents’ ethnicity was Bengali 51.7%, Marma 18.3%, Tripura 18.7% and Chakma 34(11. 3%). About 53% respondents were using contraceptives among them95.6% were using temporary methods;60.4% oral contraceptive pill followed by injectable 15.8% and condom 9.4%. Barrier to contraceptives use was fear of side effects 21.9% followed by husbands’ non co-operation 24.9% and religious bar 22.7%.
Conclusion: Prevalence of contraceptive use in Chattogram Hill Tract is lower than the overall rate of the country. Appropriate measure should be taken to increase the contraceptive use rate so that total fertility can be controlled.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 120-122
Outcome of Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Rahman Md Salim Ur , Mohammad Russel - , Karim Mohd Rezaul 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common procedure for a patient with progressive spinal cord compression and severe neurological deterioration causing major disability. Surgery in anterior approach involves removal of osteophyte and disc materials for decompression of spinal cord with addition to the interposition of autogenous tricortical bone graft and stabilization by plate and screw.
Objectives: To assess the clinical outcome, complications of anterior cervical decompression and fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from January 2015 to May 2017. Total of 24 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy was enrolled as a study sample. All were treated by an anterior cervical discectomy, fusion and stabilization by plate and screw. All patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated before and after surgery.
Results: In the majority (62.5%) patients, the level of involvement was in C5/C6 and 92.8% had a satisfactory outcome. In 4.1% of cases, early complication like superficial wound infection was noted. Late complications were persistence of pain, numbness present in 7.2% cases. The fusion rate was 100% in this series.
Conclusion: Anterior cervical decompression and fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a safe and effective procedure. It is associated with the highest fusion, least complications and relatively lower cost.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 127-129
Association of Household Food Security with Anaemia among Children of a Selected Rural Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Nazrul Islam , Jahan Nasim , Wahab Md Abdul , Zafreen Farzana 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Food insecurity refers to a household’s having “limited or uncertain availability of food, or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways”. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia, are the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies worldwide and related to household food insecurity.
Objectives: To find out the association between household food security and anaemia in children of a selected rural area of Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children ranging age from 12 to 60 months during the period ofJanuary 2009 to June 2009in Chandpur district. Mothers of the children were the respondents. A total of 192 children selected by simple random sampling were included in the study. Data were collected by face-to-face interview of the respondents and by estimation of haemoglobin of the children.
Results: The mean age of the children was 34.5 ± 16.8 months. Male children were more than the female children with male to female ratio being 3:2. The average monthly family income was taka 7500. More than 60% of the mother had secondary level education. Farming was the prime occupation (36.4 %) of the father followed by business (25.5%) and service (22.4%). About 36% of the household did not have food security and nearly 45% of the children wereanaemic (Hb<11 g/dl). About two-thirds (65.2%) children with household food insecurity was anaemic (Hb 11g/dl). Estimation of odds ratio demonstrates that food insecured children were nearly 3 times as likely to develop anaemia as the children having household food security. The present study revealed a significant association (P<0.001) between household food security and anaemia in children. Household food security was not influenced by age and gender of the children. Low family income and mother’ illiteracy was significantly associated with household food insecurity.
Conclusion: The present study revealed a significant association between household food insecurity and anaemia in children. Household food security was not influenced by age and gender of the children. However, low family income and mothers’ illiteracy play significant role in household food security.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 130-133
Prescribing Pattern of Anti-Diabetic Drugs for Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Nazrina Sayeda , Maruf Abdullah Al , Rahman Wahida , Khan Fatema Zerin 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly Type 2 DM is now recognized as a major chronic public health problem throughout the world. Different anti-diabetic agents, oral or injectable are used to regulate patients’ glycemic status as monotherapy or in combination.
Objectives: To observe the prescribingpattern ofanti-diabetic agents and to collect demographic and disease details of type 2 DM patients.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to August 2017 in the outpatient department of Border Guard Hospital, Pilkhana; a tertiary level hospital in Dhaka. The study enrolled 172 type 2 diabetic patients purposively on specified criteria. Demographic data,drug prescribing pattern, disease pattern were collected by an interview and from patients’ prescriptions.
Results: Among 172 respondents,70 (40.70%) were male and 102 (59.30%) were female. The mean age of patients was 54.21±10.09 years. Eighty seven (50.58%) patients were either overweight or obese. Eighty two (47.67%) patients had family history of DM. Majority of patients (84.89%) had duration of diabetes >5 years and 84 (48.84%) patients had co-morbidities. Majority of the patients 135(78.49%) were prescribed oral drugs either alone or in combination. Among them 83 (63.48%) patients were prescribed oral monotherapy and 52(38.52%) patients were prescribed oral combination therapy. Metformin was the most prescribed oral anti-diabetic drug as monothearpy (71.08%). Among combined anti-diabetic drugsbased on class, metformin+Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors(DPP4i) (36.11%), combination was the most commonly prescribed combination. The findings can lead to select the formulation and combination of anti-diabetic drugs in this part of the world for developing & marketing a new anti-diabetic drug.
Conclusion: Metformin was the most commonly prescribed drug both as monotherapy as well as combination therapy and monotherapy was predominant over combination therapy.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 139-143
Treatment of Melasma Cases by Oral Tranexamic Acid: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Karim ATM Rezaul , Sadeque Shayesta Parvin , Ferdous Afreen , Khan Md Abdul Latif , Rahman Md Habibur , Rafi Ahmed , Masum Abdullah 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Melasma is a great challengefor a dermatologist as its treatment is unsatisfactory and recurrence is high.Treatment of melasma using oral tranexamic acid is a novel concept.
Objectives: To compare the efficacy of oral tranexamic acid with routine topical therapies for the treatment of melasma.
Materials and Methods: This prospective, interventional, randomized controlled trial was conducted among 130 melasma patients in the Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Cumilla from June 2016 to June 2017. The patients were divided into two groups consisting of 65 patients each. The first group (Group A) was given routine treatment measures and oral Tranexamic Acid while the second group (Group B) was treated only with routine topical measures. Capsule Tranexamic Acid was prescribed at a dose of 250 mg twice a day for three months and cases were followed during the course of treatment. The response was evaluated on the basis of Melasma Assessment Severity Index (MASI).
Results: Astatistically significant decrease in the mean Melasma Assessment Severity Index from baseline to 8th and 12th weeks was observed among group A patents (11.08±2.91 vs 8.95±2.08 at week 8 and vs. 7.84±2.44 at week 12; (p<0.05 for both). While among group B patients the decrease in mean score was significant at 8 weeks and insignificant at 12 weeks follow up (11.60±3.40 vs 9.9±2.61 at 8 weeks and vs. 9.26±3 at 12 weeks; p<0.05 for former but p>0.05 for later).
Conclusion: Oral Tranexamic acid provides rapid and sustained improvement in the treatment of melasma.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 148-151
Appropriateness of Referral for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Md Mizanur Rahman , Wahab Md Abdul , Yasin Md Muaz , Zafreen Farzana 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) allows physicians to directly schedule endoscopic procedures for their patients without prior consultation. Evaluation of appropriateness of endoscopic procedures is associated with costs and beneﬁts.
Objectives: To assess the appropriateness of the use of UGE in an open-access setting in Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted among 300 patients referred for UGE at Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College and Hospital from January 2016 to June 2016. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines was used to assess the appropriateness of referral. The participants were selected by purposive nonprobability sampling and a pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results: Out of 300 respondents 62.3% was male. History of smoking was more in male and taking NSAIDs were more in the female. In UGE 46.7% revealed normal findings but majority 53.3% had some pathology. About 86% cases, UGE was found appropriate according to ASGE guideline and majority appropriate cases 37.3% were referred by internal medicine specialist. Appropriateness of referral among different physicians was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Appropriateness of referral for UGE performed in tertiary care level hospitals in an open-access setting like Bangladesh was satisfactory.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 152-155