bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Royal Jelly and Tocotrienol-rich Fraction Along With Calorie Restriction on Hypothalamic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Diet-induced Obese Rats
Authors: Irandoost Pardis , Alamdari Naimeh Mesri , Saidpour Atoosa , Shidfar Farzad , Farsi Farnaz , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Alivand MohammadReza , Vafa Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic inflammation in obesity. Royal jelly (RJ) and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) are reported to ameliorate inflammation. However, the improving effects of RJ and TRF on inflammation from ER stress modulating view have not been assessed so far. Hence, we investigated the effect of RJ and TRF on ER stress and some adipose tissue-derived inflammatory markers in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Wistar obese rats randomly allocated into 5 groups: HFD, calorie restriction diet (CRD), RJ + CRD, TRF + CRD, RJ + TRF + CRD. After 8-week intervention, adipose tissues and hypothalamus were dissected and serum was collected.
Results
RJ reduced glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) expression as ER stress indicator in WAT and hypothalamus compared to CRD. Beside RJ diminished the expression of inflammatory markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) and also decreased the serum concentration of them. TRF reduced inflammatory markers in the serum of obese rats but the effect of TRF on ER stress was not remarkable. Overall, RJ decreased WAT and hypothalamic ER stress and diminished secretion of inflammatory markers of WAT in obesity. Thereby RJ has protective effect against adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation then suggested as a therapeutic approach to reduce some obesity-related complications.
Long Term Outcomes of Colon Polyps with High Grade Dysplasia after Endoscopic Resection
Authors: Chang Jia-Jang , Chien Cheng-Hung , Chen Shuo-Wei , Chen Li-Wei , Liu Ching-Jung , Yen Cho-Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The clinical characteristics of patients with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in colon polyps at baseline colonoscopy in relation to the risk of recurrent colonic adenomas have been unclear. We conducted this hospital- based cohort study recruiting patients who had undergone polypectomy at screening colonoscopy to assess the risk factors of recurrent colonic adenomas.
Methods
11,565 subjects had undergone screening colonoscopic examinations between September 1998 and August 2007. The patients who had HGD in colon polyps and had undergone surveillance colonoscopy were eligible.
Results
A total of 211 patients were recruited. The rates of metachronous adenomas and advanced adenomas at surveillance colonoscopy were 58% and 20%, respectively, during the mean follow-up period of 5.5 ± 1.8 (3–12) years. On univariate logistic regression analysis, the number of adenomas ≥ 3 at baseline colonoscopy was strongly associated with the rates of overall recurrence, multiple recurrence, advanced recurrence, proximal recurrence, and distal adenoma recurrence with odds ratios of 4.32 (2.06–9.04 95%CI), 3.47 (1.67–7.22 95%CI), 2.55 (1.11–5.89 95%CI), 2.46 (1.16–5.22 95%CI), 2.89 (1.44–5.78 95%CI), respectively. On multivariate analysis, male gender [P = 0.010; OR 3.09(1.32–7.25 95% CI)] and number of adenomas ≥ 3 [P = 0.002; OR 3.08(1.52–6.24 95%CI)] at index colonoscopy were significantly associated with recurrent advanced adenomas.
Conclusions
Recurrence of colonic adenomas at surveillance colonoscopy is common in patients who had undergone polypectomy for colon adenomas with HGD at baseline colonoscopy. The risk of developing future advanced adenomas is associated with the number of colon adenomas and male gender.
Effects of increasing dietary fat inclusion from different sources on growth performance, carcass and meat traits, and pork nutritional profile quality
Authors: Almeida Vivian Vezzoni , Silva Julia Pereira Martins da , Meira Ariana Nascimento , Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro , Gomes Julia Dezen , Poleti Mirele Daiana , Dargelio Mariana Damiames Baccarin , Patinho Iliani , Contreras-Castillo Carmen Josefina , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Reecy James Mark , Koltes Dawn , Serão Nicola Vergara Lopes , Regitano Luciana Correia de Almeida , Fukumasu Heidge , Brustolini Ana Paula Liboreiro , Alencar Severino Matias de , Filho Albino Luchiari , Cesar Aline S.M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

There has been an increased interest in nutritional strategies to manipulate the fatty acid profile of pigs. Dietary regimens involving the use of oils that are high in monosaturated fatty acid (MUFA), primarily oleic acid (OA), such as canola oil (CO), as well as in omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which are found in fish oil (FO), have been investigated aiming healthier fatty acid profile cuts, with a higher ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids. Therefore, the effects of including 3% soybean oil (SO), CO, or FO in growing-finishing pig diets vs. feeding a standard commercial diet with 1.5% SO (control) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, consumer acceptability, and intramuscular fatty acid composition of the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle were evaluated.
Results

Dietary treatments had no effect on overall growth performance and pig carcasses. Although loins from pigs fed diets containing either 3% SO or CO showed a reduction (P = 0.05) in Warner-Bratzler shear force, only the addition of 3% SO to pig diets resulted in loin chops that were rated higher (P < 0.001) for consumer overall liking. Adding either 3% SO or CO increased (P < 0.01) the percentages of OA and total MUFA in the LL intramuscular fat compared to control- or FO-fed pigs. However, intramuscular fat from 3% SO- or CO-fed pigs had the lowest (P < 0.01) proportion of total n-3 PUFA than control- or FO-fed pigs. Including 3% fat, regardless of source, reduced (P < 0.01) total PUFA, total n-6 PUFA, and PUFA:saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio than control-fed pigs. Dietary FO inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, but also increased total SFA (P < 0.01) and atherogenic index (P = 0.02) in the LL intramuscular fat.
Conclusions

Although adding 3% CO or FO to pig diets provided slight nutritional benefits to consumers in terms of MUFA and long chain n-3 PUFA contents, respectively, formulating growing-finishing diets with 1.5% SO was adequate enough in terms of LL intramuscular fatty acids composition for high quality meat destined to human consumption.
Association of 45-bp Ins/del Polymorphism of Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) and Susceptibility to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in North-west of Iran
Authors: Rezapour Salehe , Khosroshahi Shiva Ahdi , Farajnia Hadi , Mohseni Fatemeh , Khoshbaten Manouchehr , Farajnia Safar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective

Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a regulator of insulin secretion, free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and lipid metabolism that plays crucial roles in energy homeostasis. Last decade reports have described close association between UCP2 polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM).
Results

A higher prevalence of insertion/insertion genotype has been observed in T2DM patients compared with the control group (p value˂ 0.05). But, there was no difference in genotype distribution between NAFLD patients and control groups (p value > 0.05). NAFLD patients with D/D, D/I genotype had higher triglyceride, ALT and AST levels, and lower HDL level than healthy controls. Patients with T2DM together with D/D or D/I genotype also had significantly higher fasting serum glucose (FSG) level. While we found association between the 45 bp I/D polymorphism in 3ʹUTR of UCP2 and T2DM, existence of correlation between this polymorphism and NAFLD was not identified.
Evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic over six weeks in four French-speaking countries in West Africa
Authors: Millimouno Tamba Mina , Ahmed Mohamed Ali Ag , Ly Birama Apho , Boukary Sana , Faye Christophe Laba , Grovogui Fassou Mathias , Delamou Alexandre , Damme Wim Van 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented international health crisis with different approaches to the response at country levels. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of this pandemic in Guinea, Mali, Senegal, and Burkina Faso over the first six weeks. We hypothesize that there exist significant differences in the incidence of COVID-19 between countries.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of a collaborative project. Data collection focused on the epidemiological surveillance indicators available in the countries’ COVID-19 daily situation reports. Data were entered into a standardized Microsoft Excel spreadsheet which was exported to the STATA 15 software for analysis.
Results
COVID-19 had a different dynamic in the four countries over the first six weeks. Its incidence in Burkina Faso and Senegal was dropping, while it was increasing slowly in Mali; only in Guinea, it increased rapidly. The analysis of variance revealed that the differences observed in the weekly COVID-19 incidence in the four countries were statistically significant (p ˂ 0.01). Different screening approaches have been used by the four countries. Guinea (n = 4,539) performed more tests compared to Senegal (n = 2,961), Burkina Faso (n = 2,455) and Mali (n = 2,397). The positivity rates were significantly higher in Mali (25.5%) and Burkina Faso (23.7%) than in Guinea (19.0%) and Senegal (9.5%) (p ˂ 0.0001). Hospitalization rates by country ranged from 32.0–79.6%, with Guinea’s hospitalization rate (79.6%) being significantly higher as compared to that of the three other countries (p ˂ 0.0001). The cure rates were significantly higher in Burkina Faso (61.4%) and Senegal (61.1%) than in Mali (37.3%) and Guinea (19.7%) (p ˂ 0.0001). The case fatality rate was significantly higher in Burkina Faso (6.5%) than in Mali (5.2%) (p ˂ 0.001), Guinea (0.7%), and Senegal (0.7%) (p ˂ 0.0001).
Conclusion
This study highlighted insights from COVID-19 surveillance data, as a basis for improving response strategies in the four countries. Large-scale screening seems relevant to not only facilitate controlling the disease spread but also reducing case fatality rates by early case detection, prior to the occurrence of complications.
Long Working Hours, Poor Sleep Quality, and Non-Officer Task: Determinant Factors of Fatigue Among Indonesian Tugboat Crews
Authors: Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Sagitasari Risna , Wangge Grace , Sulistomo Astrid , Kekalih Aria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Tugboat crews are susceptible to fatigue their 24-hour stay in the working environment even in their rest time. The fatigue experienced by the seafarers contributes to marine accidents and metabolic and cardiovascular diseases which are long-term effects. This study aimed to analyze the association between working hours and fatigue, along with other possible related factors in tugboat crews.
Method:

This comparative cross-sectional study included 127 tugboat crew members from a randomly chosen tugboat in Samarinda Harbor, Indonesia. Their fatigue levels at work were subjectively measured using the reaction timer and standardized instrument questionnaire. Data on the crews' personal and occupational factors included age, marital status, rating (job position), duration on board, length of seafaring experience, watch system, smoking habit, coffee and alcohol consumption, and working hours. Moreover, sleep quality and levels of stress-related to the family conflict were measured and analyzed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Work-Family Conflict Scale (WCFS), respectively.
Results

It was found that 40.2% of the subjects experienced fatigue due to long working hours (≥ 72 hours/week), poor sleep quality, and being non-officer crews, with adj. OR and 95%CI values of (12.76; 3.91–41.70), (5.84; 1.67–20.47), and (4.38; 1.28–14.92), respectively. However, the variables of crews' characteristics and occupational factors included age, marital status, duration on board, length of seafaring experience, smoking habit, coffee and alcohol consumption were not statistically associated with the crews' fatigue.
Conclusion

The incidence of fatigue among Indonesian tugboat crews is considerably high. Working hours, sleep quality, and job rating were strongly associated with fatigue in tugboat crews. Working hours monitoring of tugboats crews needs to be improved.
Role of suppression and mitigation interventions in controlling the COVID-19 epidemics
Authors: Han YueXing , Wang Bing , Guo YiKe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has become the most fundamental threat to human lives. In the absence of vaccines and effective therapeutical solutions, non-pharmaceutic interventions have been a major way to control the epidemics. Relaxed mitigation interventions can slow down the epidemics but cannot control it well, while strict suppression interventions can efficiently halt the spread of epidemics, bringing negative effects on economics and people’s daily lives. Hence, suppression strategy and mitigation strategy play different roles in manupulating the epidemic curves.Methods: Here, we propose a mathematical model to understand the rols of suppression and mitigation in changing the epidemic dynamics. By connecting the infection level with the consideration of the medical resources and a tolerence parameter, a combined intervention strategy of suppression and mitigation is proposed. Results: The combined intervention strategy is able to adaptively change with the infection level, resulting in a periodic wave of controlled infections. Depending on the tolerance level, the mitigation strategy can be adaptively switched on or off. The combined intervention can efficiently reduce the numbers of deaths and confirmed cases, and keep the infection within a low level, while such a wave of infection may exist for a long time before the availability of vaccines.Conclusion: In order to control the epidemics, policy-makers have to consider the issues of human lives and economics. To solve such a dilemma, we propose a combined intervention stategy of suppression and mitigation, which can adaptively alternate with the epidemic dynamics. The combined strategy of suppression and mitigation is able to effectively control the epidemics within a low level, it can also reduce the negative effect on economics and human’s normal lives.
Investigating the Effects of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Post-Stroke Overground Gait Performance: a partial least-squares regression approach
Authors: Solanki Dhaval , Rezaee Zeynab , Dutta Anirban , Lahiri Uttama 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Stroke often results in impaired gait, which can limit community ambulation and the quality of life. Recent works have shown the feasibility of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as an adjuvant treatment to facilitate gait rehabilitation. Since the cerebellum plays an essential role in balance and movement coordination, which is crucial for independent overground ambulation, so, we investigated the effects of cerebellar tDCS (ctDCS) on the post-stroke overground gait performance in chronic stroke survivors.
Methods
Fourteen chronic post-stroke male subjects were recruited based on convenience sampling at the collaborating hospitals where ten subjects finally participated in the ctDCS gait study. We evaluated the effects of two ctDCS montages with 2 mA direct current, a) optimized configuration for dentate stimulation with 3.14 cm2 disc anode at PO10h (10/5 EEG system) and 3.14 cm2 disc cathode at PO9h (10/5 EEG system), and b) optimized configuration for leg lobules VII-IX stimulation with 3.14 cm2 disc anode at Exx8 (electrodes defined by ROAST) and 3.14 cm2 disc cathode at Exx7. Two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed at the 5% significance level on the percent normalized change measures in the overground gait performance.
Results
We found ctDCS to be acceptable by all the exposed subjects. The ctDCS intervention had an effect on the 'Normalised Step length Affected side' (p = 0.1) and 'Gait Stability Ratio' (p = 0.0569), which was found using Wilcoxon signed-rank test at 10% significance level. Also, ctDCS montage specific effect was found using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test at a 5% significance level for 'Step Time Affected Leg' (p = 0.0257) and '%Stance Time Unaffected Leg' (p = 0.0376). Moreover, the changes in the quantitative gait parameters across both the montages were found to be correlated to the mean electric field strength in the lobules based on partial least squares regression analysis (R2 statistic = 0.6574) where the mean electric field strength at the cerebellar lobules, Vermis VIIIb, Ipsilesional IX, Vermis IX, Ipsilesional X, had the most loading.
Conclusion
Our feasibility study indicated the potential of a single session of ctDCS to contribute to the immediate improvement in the balance and gait performance in terms of gait-related indices and clinical gait measures.
Epidemic and Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Shigella Dysenteriae 1 Isolates From Calves with Diarrhea
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Cao Mingze , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Liwei , Liu Guanhui , Zhou Xuzheng , Li Bing , Shi Yuxiang , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The widespread distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Shigella has become a recurrent challenge in many parts of the developing world. Previous studies indicate that the host of Shigella has expanded from humans to animals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and associated molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae 1 isolated from calves. Results: All 38 unduplicated S. dysenteriae 1 isolates were collected from calves in Gansu Province from October 2014 to December 2016. According to MLST and PFGE analysis, these isolates were separated into 4 and 28 genotypes, respectively. The most common STs identified were ST228 (34.21%, 13/38) and ST229 (39.47%, 15/38), which were first found in the present study. All isolates harbored virulence genes, and the incidence of the five virulence genes were ipaH (100%), ipaBCD (92.11%), stx (73.68%), ial (57.89%), and sen (28.95%). According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibilities, 76.32% (29/38) of S. dysenteriae isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolone and showed multidrug resistance. In a study on the polymorphism of QRDR of gyrA/B and parC/E genes, we identified two mutations in gyrA (Ser83→Leu and Asp87→Asn) and parC (Ser80→Ile and Ser83→Leu), respectively. Among them, 55.17% (16/29) of resistant strains had the gyrA point mutations (Ser83→Leu) and parC point mutation (Ser83→Leu). Moreover, 41.38% (12/29) of isolates had all five point mutations of gyrA and parC. In addition, the prevalence of the PMQR determinant genes was also investigated. All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6’)-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA, except SD001. In addition, only 6 (20.69%, 6/29) isolates harbored the qnr gene, including two with qnrB (6.90%, 2/29) and four with qnrS (13.79%, 4/29). Conclusion: Given the increased common emergence of multidrug resistant isolates, uninterrupted surveillance will be necessary to understand the actual epidemic burden and control this infection.
Analysis of the Role of the Human Papillomavirus 16/18 E7protein Assay in Screening for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Case Control Study
Authors: Kong Linghua , Xiao Xiaoping , Lou Huiping , Liu Pengfei , Song Shuhui , Liu Moudu , Xu Tao , Zhang Ying , Li Caijuan , Guan Ruoli , Li Yan , Yu Xin , Liu Haiyuan , Fan Qingbo , Shi Honghui , Zhu Lan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is the second-most common gynecological cancer, early screening plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Sustained E7 protein expression is the pathological basis for CIN and cervical cancer. Methods: We collected the cervical cell samples of 205 women who visited the gynecological clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between September 2018 and September 2019 and submitted them to the high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) test. We performed a magnetic particle–based chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay to analyze the Hr-HPV16/18 E7 protein level in CIN of different severities and compared the results with those of cervical pathology (gold standard) and the Hr-HPV test. Results: The positive rate of Hr-HPV16/18 E7 protein increased with the severity of CIN: 26.55% in normal tissue, 58.33% in CIN1, and 70.59% in CIN2/CIN3. For CIN2 and above, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the E7 protein were 70.59%, 67.88%, 52.17%, and 82.30%, respectively. These values of the Hr-HPV test were 86.76%, 44.53%, 43.70%, and 87.14%, respectively. With the combination of the E7 protein assay and Hr-HPV test, the specificity for diagnosing CIN2 and above was 78.10%, which was significantly higher than that of the Hr-HPV test alone. Conclusions: Hr-HPV16/18 E7 protein level is correlated with the severity of CIN and has a high concordance rate with the pathological result. For cervical cancer screening, the combination of HPV16/18 E7 protein assay and Hr-HPV test improves the CIN diagnostic specificity, detection rate, and detection accuracy.
COVID-19 Transmission Risk in Dentistry: A Review and Protective Protocols
Authors: Banakar Morteza , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri , Jafarpour Dana , Moayedi Sedigheh , Banakar Mohammad Hasan , MohammadSadeghi Ashkan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Among several potential sources of transmission for the spreading of the COVID-19, dental services have received a high volume of attention. Several reports, papers, guidelines, and suggestions have been released on how this infection could be transmitted through dental services, and what should be done. This study has systematically reviewed the published literature on dentistry and COVID-19 in order to develop a practically feasible protocol for re-opening and reorientation of dental services. The recommendations identified were tested with a convenience sample of experienced practitioners, and a practical step-by-step protocol is presented in this paper.