bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Дослідження статистичних характеристик модифікованого алгоритму BBS із залежністю від поточного та попереднього значення послідовності
Authors: Малогловець А. С. 
Published: June 2020

У системах захисту інформації широкого застосування набув генератор Блюма-Блюма-Шуба (BBS), який базується на використанні односторонньої функції факторизації, та належить до криптостійких. У роботі досліджено характеристики запропонованого автором модифікованого алгоритму BBS із залежністю від поточного та попереднього значення послідовності, зокрема, період повторення та статистичні характеристики вихідної послідовності залежно від параметрів генератора. Дослідження проведено з використанням тестів NIST і порівняно із класичним алгоритмом BBS. З'ясовано, що період повторення класичного алгоритму BBS для малих значень ключа, від 5 до 10 бітів, становить не більше ніж 20 % від його значення. Ця тенденція зберігається на ключах більшого розміру, від 15 до 21 бітів, де період повторення для вибраних початкових установок не перевищує 5,56 %. Період повторення модифікованого алгоритму BBS для ключів від 5 до 10 бітів у середньому становить 200 % від значення ключа. Така поведінка зберігається для вибіркових початкових установок для ключів від 15 до 21 бітів, період повторення яких в середньому становить 351 %. Дослідження статистичних характеристик пакетом статистичних тестів NIST проведено на згенерованих послідовностях із 109 бітів для ключів завдовжки від 29 до 31 бітів. Встановлено, що статистичні портрети для класичного алгоритму є не задовільними, зокрема, статистичні портрети для 31-бітного ключа мають до 5 незадовільних результатів із 188 тестів. Статистичні портрети для модифікованого алгоритму BBS є задовільними для ключів від 30 до 31 бітів, але не є задовільними для 29-бітного ключа – мають по одному незадовільному результату. Отже, модифікований алгоритм BBS має кращі значення періоду повторення та статистичні портрети порівняно із класичним алгоритмом, що дає змогу використовувати ключі меншої довжини при генеруванні послідовності, які вимагають менше ресурсів системи, оскільки операція піднесення до квадрату за модулем більш ресурсозатратна, ніж операція додавання. Подальші дослідження будуть зосереджені на апаратну реалізацію модифікованого алгоритму BBS та порівняння використаних ресурсів системи із реалізацією класичного алгоритму BBS.
Ekmek Tüketim Davranışını Etkileyen Faktörler: Mersin İli Örneği
Authors: Aktas Erkan , Aygun Inci , Basargan Bugce 
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Mersin ilindeki hane halklarının ekmek tüketim davranışları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Mersin ili kentsel alanda yaşayan 539 hane halkıyla yüz yüze anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ekmek tüketim davranışlarını etkileyen çeşitli faktörleri ele almak ve ekmek tüketiminde ne kadar etkili olduklarını incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, Mersin ili hane halklarının ekmek tüketimi incelenmiş; eğitim, yaş, boy-kilo endeksi, hane halkı sayısı ve gelirleri bağımsız değişkenler olarak ele alınmıştır. Eğitim ve yaş değişkenlerinin ekmek tüketimi ile arasında negatif bir ilişki gözlenirken; boy-kilo endeksi, hane halkı sayısı ve gelirleri ile ekmek tüketimi arasındaki ilişkinin pozitif olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada boy-kilo endeksinin ekmek tüketimi ile ilişkilendirilmesi özellikle önemlidir. Çalışmanın analizinde Working-Leser Modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre ekmeğin gelir esnekliği 0,29 olarak tahmin edilmiştir.
Multiple moderator meta-analysis using the R-package Meta-CART
Authors: Li Xinru , Dusseldorp Elise , Su Xiaogang , Meulman Jacqueline J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn meta-analysis, heterogeneity often exists between studies. Knowledge about study features (i.e., moderators) that can explain the heterogeneity in effect sizes can be useful for researchers to assess the effectiveness of existing interventions and design new potentially effective interventions. When there are multiple moderators, they may amplify or attenuate each other’s effect on treatment effectiveness. However, in most meta-analysis studies, interaction effects are neglected due to the lack of appropriate methods. The method meta-CART was recently proposed to identify interactions between multiple moderators. The analysis result is a tree model in which the studies are partitioned into more homogeneous subgroups by combinations of moderators. This paper describes the R-package metacart, which provides user-friendly functions to conduct meta-CART analyses in R. This package can fit both fixed- and random-effects meta-CART, and can handle dichotomous, categorical, ordinal and continuous moderators. In addition, a new look ahead procedure is presented. The application of the package is illustrated step-by-step using diverse examples.
Automatic Échelle Spectrograph Wavelength Calibration
Authors: Brandt G. Mirek , Brandt Timothy D. , McCully Curtis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Time-domain astronomy and the increasing number of exoplanet candidates call for reliable, robust, and automatic wavelength calibration. We present an algorithm for wavelength-calibrating échelle spectrographs that uses order-by-order extracted spectra and a list of laboratory wavelengths. Our approach is fully automatic and does not need the pixel locations of certain spectral features with which to anchor the wavelength solution, nor the true order number of each diffraction order. We use spectral features that are duplicated in adjacent orders to establish the scale-invariant component of the wavelength solution. We then match the central wavelengths of spectral features to laboratory wavelengths to establish the scale and higher-order components of the wavelength solution. We demonstrate our method on the four spectrographs of Las Cumbres Observatory’s Network of Robotic Échelle Spectrographs (NRES), on the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectrograph, and on synthetic data. We obtain a velocity-equivalent precision of ∼10 m s−1 on NRES. We achieve ∼1 m s−1 on HARPS, which agrees with the precision reported by the HARPS team. On synthetic data, we achieve the velocity precision set by Gaussian centroiding errors. Our algorithm likely holds for a wide range of spectrographs beyond the five presented here. We provide an open-source Python package, xwavecal, which outputs wavelength-calibrated spectra as well as the wavelengths of spectral features.
Persistent Radio Emission from Synchrotron Heating by a Repeating Fast Radio Burst Source in a Nebula
Authors: Li Qiao-Chu , Yang Yuan-Pei , Dai Zi-Gao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The first repeating fast radio burst (FRB), FRB 121102, was found to be associated with a spatially coincident, persistent nonthermal radio source, but the origin of the persistent emission remains unknown. In this paper, we propose that the persistent emission is produced via a synchrotron-heating process by multiple bursts of FRB 121102 in a self-absorbed synchrotron nebula. With a population of bursts of the repeating FRB absorbed by the synchrotron nebula, the energy distribution of electrons in the nebula will change significantly. As a result, the spectrum of the nebula will show a hump steadily. For the persistent emission of FRB 121102, the total energy of bursts injecting into the nebula is required to be about 3.3 × 1049 erg, the burst injection age is over 6.7 × 104 yr, the nebula size is ∼0.02 pc, and the electron number is about 3.2 × 1055. We predict that as more bursts inject, the brightness of the nebula would be brighter than the current observation, and meanwhile, the peak frequency would become higher. Due to the synchrotron absorption of the nebula, some low-frequency bursts would be absorbed, which may explain why most bursts were detected above ∼1 GHz.
Timescales for Detection of Super-Chandrasekhar White Dwarfs by Gravitational-wave Astronomy
Authors: Kalita Surajit , Mukhopadhyay Banibrata , Mondal Tushar , Bulik Tomasz 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Over the past two decades, the inference of the violation of the Chandrasekhar mass limit of white dwarfs (WDs) from indirect observation has been a revolutionary discovery in astronomy. Various researchers have already proposed different theories to explain this interesting phenomenon. However, such massive WDs usually possess very little luminosity, hence they so far cannot be detected directly by any observations. We have already proposed that the continuous gravitational wave may be one of the probes to detect them directly, and in the future various space-based detectors, such as LISA, DECIGO, and BBO, should be able to detect many of those WDs (provided they behave like pulsars). In this paper, we address various timescales related to the emission of gravitational as well as dipole radiations. This exploration sets a timescale for the detectors to observe the massive WDs.
Three-dimensional Analysis of the Minispiral at the Galactic Center: Orbital Parameters, Periods, and the Mass of the Black Hole
Authors: Nitschai Maria Selina , Neumayer Nadine , Feldmeier-Krause Anja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we simultaneously fit the orbits and line-of-sight velocities of the ionized gas around the supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at the center of the Milky Way. The data we use are taken with the K-band Multi Object Spectrograph (KMOS), presented in Feldmeier-Krause et al., and cover the central ∼2 pc of the Milky Way. From the brightest gas emission line in the K-band, the Brγ line, we derive the spatial distribution and line-of-sight velocities of the gas in the minispiral. Using the flux distribution and the line-of-sight velocity information, we perform a fit to the three main gas streamers in the minispiral, the Northern Arm, Eastern Arm, and Western Arc, using a Bayesian modeling method, and are able to reconstruct the three-dimensional orbits of these gas streamers. With the best-fit orbital parameters and the measured line-of-sight velocities, we constrain the mass of Sgr A*. The orbit of the Eastern Arm is the one that is best constrained using our data. It gives a best-fit orbital period of

yr and results in an enclosed mass of
Electron Jets in the Terrestrial Magnetotail: A Statistical Overview
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Wei Y. Y. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Deng X. H. , Xu S. B. , He L. H. , Zhang J. , Zhang Z. H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electron jets, common transient phenomena for which the electron velocity is much larger than the ion velocity, play an important role in the energy dissipation and transport in the terrestrial and other planetary magnetospheres. Using the unprecedented high-resolution data provided by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission from May to August in 2017, we perform one systematically statistical study on the electron jets in the terrestrial magnetotail for the first time. In total, 466 electron jet events are selected, which mainly concentrate in the region −25 < X < −17 R
E, −14 < Y < 12 R
E, and 0 < Z < 6 R
E (R
E is the Earth’s radius). The electron velocity within the electron jets is much larger than the local Alfvén speed, implying that these jets belong to super-Alfvénic flows. The average occurrence rate of electron jets is 0.217 events hr−1 in the X–Y plane and 0.189 events/hour in the Z–Y plane. The durations of the electron jets are mostly within 6 seconds with the average value of 2.89 seconds, which are much shorter than the duration of bursty bulk flows (BBFs) having the typical duration of several to tens of minutes. Through further analysis of the magnetic field, we find that electron jets can occur at five different structures, including 224 events detected during the crossing of current sheet, 57 events observed during the crossing of PSBL, 83 events around DFs, 79 events around magnetic holes, and 23 events around flux ropes. In addition, the relative positions of the electron jets in different structures are also identified in the present study. Our statistical results reveal the comprehensive features of electron jets in the terrestrial magnetotail, which can also be applied in the other planetary magnetosphere.
The Parsec-scale Jet of the Neutrino-emitting Blazar TXS 0506+056
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , An Tao , Mohan Prashanth , Giroletti Marcello 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recently the IceCube Collaboration detected very high energy (VHE) neutrinos and associated them with the blazar TXS 0506+056, raising a possible association of VHE neutrinos with this and other individual blazars. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is so far the only technique enabling the imaging of the innermost jet at milliarcsec resolution (parsec scale), where the high-energy emission possibly originates from. Here, we report on the radio properties of the parsec-scale jet in TXS 0506+056 derived from the analysis of multiepoch, multifrequency archive VLBI data. The half opening angle of the jet beam is about 3.°8, and the jet inclination angle is about 20°. The overall jet structure shows a helical trajectory with a precessing period of 5–6 yr, likely originating from instabilities operating at parsec scales. The calculated beaming parameters (Doppler boosting factor, bulk Lorentz factor) suggest a moderately relativistic jet. The parsec-scale magnetic field strength is estimated in the contexts of core shift and variability, and is in general agreement in the range of 0.2–0.7 G. And it is found to decrease from a relatively larger value during the quiescent period before the ongoing flare. This suggests a conversion of magnetic field energy density to particle energy density that helps accelerate injected particles at the jet base and results in variable shocked emission. The neutrino event could be associated with the onset of energetic particle injection into the jet. This scenario then supports the lepto-hadronic origin of the VHE neutrinos and γ-ray emission owing to a cospatial origin.
On the Magnetic Nature of an Exploding Granule as Revealed by Sunrise/IMaX
Authors: Guglielmino Salvo L. , Pillet Valentín Martínez , Cobo Basilio Ruiz , Bellot Rubio Luis R. , del Toro Iniesta José Carlos , Solanki Sami K. , Riethmüller Tino L. , Zuccarello Francesca 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We study the photospheric evolution of an exploding granule observed in the quiet Sun at high spatial (∼0.″3) and temporal (31.5 s) resolution by the imaging magnetograph Sunrise/IMaX in 2009 June. These observations show that the exploding granule is cospatial to a magnetic flux emergence event occurring at mesogranular scale (up to ∼12 Mm2 area). Using a modified version of the SIR code for inverting the IMaX spectropolarimetric measurements, we obtain information about the magnetic configuration of this photospheric feature. In particular, we find evidence of highly inclined emerging fields in the structure, carrying a magnetic flux content up to ∼4 × 1018 Mx. The balance between gas and magnetic pressure in the region of flux emergence, compared with a very quiet region of the Sun, indicates that the additional pressure carried by the emerging flux increases the total pressure by about 5% and appears to allow the granulation to be modified, as predicted by numerical simulations. The overall characteristics suggest that a multipolar structure emerges into the photosphere, resembling an almost horizontal flux sheet. This seems to be associated with exploding granules. Finally, we discuss the origin of such flux emergence events.
Neon Abundances of B Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
Authors: Alexeeva Sofya , Chen Tianxiang , Ryabchikova Tatyana , Shi Weibin , Sadakane Kozo , Nishimura Masayoshi , Zhao Gang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We constructed a comprehensive model atom for Ne i–Ne ii using the most-up-to-date atomic data available and evaluated the nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line formation for Ne i and Ne ii in classical 1D models representing the atmospheres of B-type stars. We find that the large NLTE strengthening of the Ne i lines corresponding to the 2p53p–2p53s transition array occurs due to extremely small photoionization cross sections of the 2p53s levels that lead to strong overpopulation of these levels relative to their LTE populations. The deviations from LTE for most Ne ii lines are small and do not exceed 0.11 dex in absolute value. We analyzed 20 lines of Ne i and 13 lines of Ne ii for 24 B-type stars in the temperature range of 10,400 ≤

≤ 33,400 K. For five stars, the NLTE leads to consistent abundances of Ne i and Ne ii, while the difference in LTE abundance can reach up to 0.50 dex. Using the experimental oscillator strengths recently measured by Piracha et al. leads to smaller line-by-line scatter for most of the investigated stars. The average neon abundance in 24 B-type stars in the solar neighborhood is 8.02 ± 0.05. This value may provide indirect constraints on the solar photospheric neon abundance.
Circulating Small Noncoding RNA Biomarkers of Response to Triple Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy in White Women With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Foers Andrew D. , Garnham Alexandra L. , Smyth Gordon K. , Proudman Susanna M. , Cheng Lesley , Hill Andrew F. , Pang Ken C. , Wicks Ian P. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo identify small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) serum biomarkers that predict response to triple disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsEarly RA patients entered into a treat-to-target management algorithm, with triple DMARD therapy (methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine). Patients were assessed following 6 months of therapy and classified as European League Against Rheumatism responders or nonresponders. RNA was isolated from 42 archived serum samples, collected prior to commencement of triple DMARD therapy. Small RNA sequencing was performed and the reads mapped to annotations in a database of human sncRNA. Differential expression analysis was performed, comparing responders (n = 24) and nonresponders (n = 18).ResultsPretreatment levels of 4 sncRNA were significantly increased in nonresponders: chr1. tRNA131-GlyCCC (4.1-fold, adjusted P = 0.01), chr2.tRNA13-AlaCGC (2.2-fold, adjusted P = 0.02), U2-L166 (6.6-fold, adjusted P = 0.02), and piR-35982 (2.4-fold, adjusted P = 0.03). 5S-L612 was the only sncRNA significantly increased in responders (3.3-fold; adjusted P = 0.01). Reads for chr1. tRNA131-GlyCCC and chr2.tRNA13-AlaCGC mapped to the 5′ end of each tRNA gene and were truncated at the anticodon loop, consistent with these sncRNA having roles as 5′ translation interfering tRNA halves (tiRNA).ConclusionPretreatment levels of specific serum sncRNA might facilitate identification of patients more likely to respond to triple DMARD therapy.
Whole-body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Healthy Controls: Interscan, Intrareader, and Interreader Agreement and Distribution of Lesions
Authors: Poulsen Anna E.F. , Axelsen Mette B. , Poggenborg René P. , Eshed Iris , Krabbe Simon , Glinatsi Daniel , Møller Jakob M. , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: June 2020

Objective.Whole-body MRI (WBMRI) is a promising technique for monitoring patients’ global disease activity in inflammatory joint diseases. The validation of WBMRI is limited; no studies have evaluated the test-retest agreement (interscan agreement) and only a few have assessed the intra- and interreader agreement. Therefore, we first examined the interscan agreement of WBMRI in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy controls (HC); and second, we evaluated the intra- and interreader agreement and agreement with conventional hand MRI and determined the distribution of lesions.Methods.WBMRI was performed twice at a 1-week interval in 14 patients with PsA, 10 with RA, and 16 HC. Images were anonymized and read in pairs with unknown chronological order by experienced readers according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) WBMRI, Canada-Denmark MRI, and the RA MRI scoring system (RAMRIS) and the PsA MRI scoring system (PsAMRIS). Ten image sets were reanonymized for assessment of intra- and interreader agreement. Agreement was calculated on lesion level by percentage exact agreement (PEA) and Cohen κ, and for sum scores by absolute agreement, single-measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results.WBMRI of the spine and peripheral joints and entheses generally showed moderate to almost perfect interscan agreement with PEA ranging from 95% to 100%, κ 0.71–1.00, and ICC 0.95 to 1.00. Intra- and interreader data generally showed moderate to almost perfect agreement. Agreement with conventional MRI varied. More lesions were found in patients than in HC.Conclusion.WBMRI showed good interscan agreement, implying that repositioning of the patient between examinations does not markedly affect scoring of lesions. Intra- and interreader agreement were moderate to almost perfect.
The Inverse OARSI-OMERACT Criteria Is a Valid Indicator of the Clinical Worsening of Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Driban Jeffrey B. , Harkey Matthew S. , Price Lori Lyn , Lo Grace H. , McAlindon Timothy E. 
Published: June 2020

Objective.We assessed if the inverse Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) criteria relate to concurrent radiographic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression and decline in walking speed, as well as future knee replacement.Methods.We conducted knee-based analyses of data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. All knees had symptomatic OA: at least doubtful radiographic KOA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 1) and knee pain ≥ 10/100 (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain) at the 12-month visit. The inverse of the OARSI-OMERACT responder criteria depended on knee pain and function, and global assessment of knee impact. We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the relationship of the inverse OARSI-OMERACT criteria over 2 years (i.e., 12-month and 36-month visits) with worsening radiographic severity (any increase in Kellgren-Lawrence grade from 12 months to 36 months) and decline in self-selected 20-m walking speed of ≥ 0.1m/s (from 12 months to 36 months). We used a Cox model to assess time to knee replacement during the 6 years after the 36-month visit as an outcome.Results.Among the 1746 analyzed, 19% met the inverse OARSI-OMERACT criteria. Meeting the inverse OARSI-OMERACT criteria was associated with almost double the odds of experiencing concurrent worsening in radiographic KOA severity (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.32–2.70) or decline in walking speed (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.37–2.40). A knee meeting the inverse OARSI-OMERACT criteria was more likely to receive a knee replacement after the 36-month visit (23%) compared with a nonresponder (10%; HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.89–3.41).Conclusion.The inverse OARSI-OMERACT criteria for worsening among people with KOA had good construct validity in relation to clinically relevant outcomes.