bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entanglement in a Maxwell theory coupled to a non-relativistic particle
Authors: Ares Filiberto , de Queiroz Amilcar R. , Tenser Marcia R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider electromagnetism in a cylindrical manifold coupled to a non-relativistic charged point-particle. Through the relation between this theory and the Landau model on a torus, we study the entanglement between the particle and the electromagnetic field. In particular, we compute the entanglement entropy in the ground state, which is degenerate, obtaining how it varies in the degeneracy subspace.
Impact of uncertainties in the halo velocity profile on direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter
Authors: Hryczuk Andrzej , Karukes Ekaterina , Roszkowski Leszek , Talia Matthew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We use the state-of-the-art high-resolution cosmological simulations by IllustrisTNG to derive the velocity distribution and local density of dark matter in galaxies like our Milky Way and find a substantial spread in both quantities. Next we use our findings to examine the sensitivity to the dark matter velocity profile of underground searches using electron scattering in germanium and silicon targets. We find that sub-GeV dark matter search is strongly affected by these uncertainties, unlike nuclear recoil searches for heavier dark matter, especially in multiple electron-hole modes, for which the sensitivity to the scattering cross-section is also weaker. Therefore, by improving the sensitivity to lower ionization thresholds not only projected sensitivities will be boosted but also the dependence on the astrophysical uncertainties will become significantly reduced.
Mechanism of ion nitriding of 316L austenitic steel by active screen method in a hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere
Authors: Fraczek Tadeusz , Ogorek Marzena , Skuza Zbigniew , Prusak Rafal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article presents the results of research on the ion nitriding process of the so-called difficult to nitride 316L austenitic steel. The main aim of these studies was to determine what influences the intensification of the nitriding process as a result of using an active screen. Two variants of placing the nitrided elements in the glow discharge chamber were adopted: directly on the cathode and on the cathode using an active screen. After the nitriding processes were carried out, the influence of the adopted process parameters on the depth of nitrogen diffusion into the nitrided substrate was analyzed. In the further part of the work, an ionizing nitriding mechanism with the active screen method was proposed, explaining the significant increase in the effectiveness of the nitriding process using the active screen.
Efficient hash maps to $${\mathbb {G}}_2$$ on BLS curves
Authors: Budroni Alessandro , Pintore Federico 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen a pairing $$e: {\mathbb {G}}_1 \times {\mathbb {G}}_2 \rightarrow {\mathbb {G}}_{T}$$

e
:

G
1

×

G
2

→

G
T

, on an elliptic curve E defined over a finite field $${\mathbb {F}}_q$$

F
q

, is exploited for an identity-based protocol, there is often the need to hash binary strings into $${\mathbb {G}}_1$$

G
1

and $${\mathbb {G}}_2$$

G
2

. Traditionally, if E admits a twist $${\tilde{E}}$$

E
~

of order d, then $${\mathbb {G}}_1=E({\mathbb {F}}_q) \cap E[r]$$

G
1

=
E

(

F
q

)

∩
E

[
r
]

, where r is a prime integer, and $${\mathbb {G}}_2={\tilde{E}}({\mathbb {F}}_{q^{k/d}}) \cap {\tilde{E}}[r]$$

G
2

=

E
~

(

F

q

k
/
d

)

∩

E
~

[
r
]

, where k is the embedding degree of E w.r.t. r. The standard approach for hashing into $${\mathbb {G}}_2$$

G
2

is to map to a general point $$P \in {\tilde{E}}({\mathbb {F}}_{q^{k/d}})$$

P
∈

E
~

(

F

q

k
/
d

)

and then multiply it by the cofactor $$c=\#{\tilde{E}}({\mathbb {F}}_{q^{k/d}})/r$$

c
=
#

E
~

(

F

q

k
/
d

)

/
r

. Usually, the multiplication by c is computationally expensive. In order to speed up such a computation, two different methods—by Scott et al. (International conference on pairing-based cryptography. Springer, Berlin, pp 102–113, 2009) and by Fuentes-Castaneda et al. (International workshop on selected areas in cryptography)—have been proposed. In this paper we consider these two methods for BLS pairing-friendly curves having $$k \in \{12,24,30,42,48\}$$

k
∈
{
12
,
24
,
30
,
42
,
48
}

, providing efficiency comparisons. When $$k=42,48$$

k
=
42
,
48

, the application of Fuentes et al. method requires expensive computations which were infeasible for the computational power at our disposal. For these cases, we propose hashing maps that we obtained following Fuentes et al. idea.
Evaluation of drug-drug interaction of lusutrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, via metabolic enzymes and transporters
Authors: Katsube Takayuki , Inoue Yuji , Fukuhara Takahiro , Kano Takeshi , Wajima Toshihiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Drug-drug interaction (DDI) potentials of lusutrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and of cyclosporine, which inhibits P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein, on lusutrombopag pharmacokinetics were assessed via clinical studies and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling.

Methods
The effect of lusutrombopag on midazolam (a CYP3A probe substrate) pharmacokinetics was assessed in 15 healthy subjects receiving a single midazolam 5-mg dose with or without coadministration of lusutrombopag 0.75 mg for 6 days (first dose: 1.5-mg dose). The effect of cyclosporine on lusutrombopag pharmacokinetics was assessed in 16 healthy subjects receiving a single lusutrombopag 3-mg dose with or without a single cyclosporine 400- to 600-mg dose. PBPK modeling was employed to extrapolate the effect of lusutrombopag at the clinical dose (3 mg once daily) on midazolam pharmacokinetics.

Results
In the clinical study, mean ratios (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) of with/without lusutrombopag for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of midazolam were 1.01 (0.908–1.13) and 1.04 (0.967–1.11), respectively, indicating no effect of lusutrombopag on midazolam pharmacokinetics. PBPK modeling suggested no effect of lusutrombopag at the clinical dose on midazolam pharmacokinetics. Mean ratios (90% CIs) of with/without cyclosporine for lusutrombopag Cmax and AUC were 1.18 (1.11–1.24) and 1.19 (1.13–1.25), respectively, indicating a slight increase in lusutrombopag exposure.

Conclusions
In consideration with in vitro data, the in vivo and in silico results suggested no clinically significant DDI potential of lusutrombopag with other medical products via metabolic enzymes and transporters.
Maternal early pregnancy dietary glycemic index and load, fetal growth, and the risk of adverse birth outcomes
Authors: Wahab Rama J. , Scholing Judith M. , Gaillard Romy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Maternal dietary glycemic index and load influence postprandial glucose concentrations. We examined the associations of maternal early pregnancy dietary glycemic index and load with fetal growth and risks of adverse birth outcomes.

Methods
In a population-based cohort study of 3471 pregnant Dutch women, we assessed dietary glycemic index and load using a food frequency questionnaire at median 13.4 (95% range 10.6; 21.2) weeks gestation. We measured fetal growth in mid- and late-pregnancy by ultrasound and obtained birth outcomes from medical records.

Results
Mean maternal early pregnancy dietary glycemic index and load were 57.7 (SD 3.3, 95% range 52.8; 63.5) and 155 (SD 47, 95% range 87; 243), respectively. Maternal early pregnancy dietary glycemic index was not associated with fetal growth parameters. A higher maternal early pregnancy dietary glycemic load was associated with a higher fetal abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight in late-pregnancy (p values < 0.05), but not with mid-pregnancy or birth growth characteristics. A higher maternal early pregnancy dietary glycemic index was associated with a lower risk of a large-for-gestational-age infant (p value < 0.05). Maternal early pregnancy glycemic index and load were not associated with other adverse birth outcomes.

Conclusion
Among pregnant women without an impaired glucose metabolism, a higher early pregnancy dietary glycemic load was associated with higher late-pregnancy fetal abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight. No consistent associations of maternal dietary glycemic index and load with growth parameters in mid-pregnancy and at birth were present. A higher glycemic index was associated with a lower risk of a large-for-gestational-age infant.
Epigenetic clocks may come out of rhythm—implications for the estimation of chronological age in forensic casework
Authors: Koop Barbara Elisabeth , Reckert Alexandra , Becker Julia , Han Yang , Wagner Wolfgang , Ritz-Timme Stefanie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a growing perception that DNA methylation may be influenced by exogenous and endogenous parameters. Knowledge of these factors is of great relevance for the interpretation of DNA-methylation data for the estimation of chronological age in forensic casework. We performed a literature review to identify parameters, which might be of relevance for the prediction of chronological age based on DNA methylation. The quality of age predictions might particularly be influenced by lifetime adversities (chronic stress, trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), violence, low socioeconomic status/education), cancer, obesity and related diseases, infectious diseases (especially HIV and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections), sex, ethnicity and exposure to toxins (alcohol, smoking, air pollution, pesticides). Such factors may alter the DNA methylation pattern and may explain the partly high deviations between epigenetic age and chronological age in single cases (despite of low mean absolute deviations) that can also be observed with “epigenetic clocks” comprising a high number of CpG sites. So far, only few publications dealing with forensic age estimation address these confounding factors. Future research should focus on the identification of further relevant confounding factors and the development of models that are “robust” against the influence of such biological factors by systematic investigations under targeted inclusion of diverse and defined cohorts.
Acquisition of landmark, route, and survey knowledge in a wayfinding task: in stages or in parallel?
Authors: Kim Kyungwan , Bock Otmar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccording to an influential concept, humans acquire spatial knowledge about their environment in three distinct stages: landmark knowledge is acquired first, then route knowledge, and finally survey knowledge. The stage concept has been challenged by studies which observed that in a wayfinding paradigm, route, and survey knowledge emerge at the same time and; therefore, were seemingly acquired in parallel. However, this experimental evidence is not conclusive because the above studies suffered from a ceiling effect. The present study was designed to overcome the ceiling effect by increasing the complexity of the wayfinding task. We asked 60 young participants to find their way through an urban environment rendered in virtual reality, and assessed their landmark, route, and survey knowledge after each of ten trials. We found that all three types of knowledge gradually increased from the first to the last trial. We further found that correlations between the three types of knowledge increased from trial to trial. This outcome disagrees profoundly with the stage concept, but is compatible with the parallel concept. Specifically, it is in accordance with the view that landmark, route, and survey knowledge are acquired by multiple overlapping and interacting processes: those processes may start out more or less independently in the first trial but, due to common constraints or synergies, may gradually increase their cooperation during subsequent trials.
Die NIPT-Entscheidung des G-BA. Eine ethische Analyse
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph , Schües Christina 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungAus einer ethischen Perspektive analysieren wir die vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) im September 2019 für Deutschland vorgelegte Änderung der Mutterschaftsrichtlinien, welche die Finanzierung der nicht-invasiven Pränataldiagnostik (NIPT) durch die gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen unter bestimmten Bedingungen vorsieht. Die Regelung enthält vier wesentliche Elemente: eine Zielbestimmung (Vermeidung invasiver Testmaßnahmen), ein Zugangskriterium (der Test muss für die Schwangere „geboten“ sein, um ihr eine Auseinandersetzung mit ihrer individuellen Situation zu ermöglichen), Aussagen zum Entscheidungsprozess (nach ärztlicher Beratung im Einzelfall) und eine in ihren Begründungen enthaltene normative Kontextualisierung (Schwangerschaftsabbruch nach §218 a StGB).Es zeigen sich Spannungen, die um zwei Achsen oszillieren: (1) Das befürchtete Leiden aufgrund der Geburt eines Kindes mit Trisomie oder dem Nichtwissen darüber kann letztlich nur subjektiv, aus der Perspektive der Schwangeren beurteilt werden. (2) Die Bedeutung der Einzelfallentscheidung bleibt unklar, weil für die Beurteilung von Einzelfällen auch allgemeine Gesichtspunkte maßgeblich sein müssen. Gerade in seiner Paradoxie und Flexibilität könnte, wie wir argumentieren, das Modell des G‑BA aber eine gesellschaftspolitisch haltbare und ethisch letztlich vertretbare pragmatische Lösung darstellen.
Geochemical evolution of a composite pluton: insight from major and trace element chemistry of titanite
Authors: Gros Katarzyna , Słaby Ewa , Birski Łukasz , Kozub-Budzyń Gabriela , Sláma Jiří 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTitanite from various rocks of the Karkonosze granitoid pluton (South-Eastern Poland) was studied, in order to evaluate its precision in recording magma evolution processes. The rocks are of lamprophyric, dioritic, granodioritic and granitic composition, including hybrid structures such as microgranular magmatic enclaves and composite dykes. Based on textures, chemistry and Zr-in-titanite geothermometry, titanites can be divided into magmatic and post-magmatic populations. Late- to post-magmatic titanite is present in almost all rock types, especially in the most evolved ones (where magmatic titanite is absent) and can be characterized by low trace element and high Al and F contents. Magmatic titanite crystallized in temperatures between 610 and 870 °C, after apatite and relatively simultaneously with amphibole and zircon. Titanite from lamprophyre exhibits compositional features typical of titanites formed in mafic rocks: low Al and F, high Ti4+/(Al + Fe3+), LREE (light rare earth elemet)-enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns, low Y/Zr, Nb/Zr, Lu/Hf, high (Ce + Nd)/Y, Th/U and Zr. Titanite from hybrid rocks inherited these characteristics, indicating major contribution of the mantle-derived magma especially during early stages of magmatic evolution. Titanite compositional variations, as well as a wide range of crystallization temperatures in hybrid granodiorites point to prolonged crystallization from distinct magma domains of variable mafic versus felsic melt proportions. The extent of compositional variations decreases through subsequent stages of magmatic evolution, and titanite with the least contribution of the mafic component is characterized by higher total REE, Al and F contents, lower Ti4+/(Al + Fe3+), (Ce + Nd)/Y and Th/U ratios, LREE-depleted chondrite-normalized REE patterns and higher Y/Zr, Nb/Zr and Lu/Hf ratios. Titanite composition from the intermediate and late stage hybrids bears signature of decreasing amount of the mafic melt and higher degree of its evolution, however, the exact distinction between the former and the latter is very limited.
The German version of Child Perceptions Questionnaire for children aged 8 to 10 years (CPQ-G8–10): translation, reliability, and validity
Authors: Bekes Katrin , Ebel Markus , Omara Maisa , Boukhobza Sarra , Dumitrescu Nicoletta , Priller Julia , Redzic Nejra Kulovic , Nidetzky Anuscha , Stamm Tanja 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aims of this study were to develop a German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for children aged 8 to 10 years (CPQ-G8–10), a measure of oral health-related quality of life, and to assess the instrument’s reliability and validity.

Methods
The original English version of the CPQ8–10 questionnaire was translated into German (CPQ-G8–10) by a forward-backward translation method. A total of 409 8- to 10-year-old children who were recruited at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry in Vienna, Austria, participated in this study. The children self-completed the CPQ-G8–10 and were clinically examined for the presence of dental caries and plaque accumulation. Reliability of CPQ-G8–10 was investigated in a subsample of 58 children after 3 weeks.

Results
Questionnaire summary score test-retest reliability was 0.85 (intraclass correlation coefficient, 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.75 to 0.91) and internal consistency was 0.88 (Cronbach’s alpha, lower limit of the 95% CI: 0.87). Validity of the CPQ-G8–10 questionnaire was supported by correlation coefficients with global ratings of oral health of − 0.40 (95% CI − 0.49 to − 0.31) and overall well-being of − 0.26 (95% CI − 0.33 to − 0.13) which met the expectations. Mean CPQ-G8–10 scores were statistically significantly higher in children with caries (dmft+DMFT > 0) compared with caries-free children (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
The German version of the CPQ8–10 was found to be reliable and valid in children aged 8 to 10 years.

Clinical relevance
These findings enable assessments of oral health-related quality of life in German speaking 8- to 10-year-old children.
Age dependency of body mass index distribution in childhood and adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa with a focus on DSM-5 and ICD-11 weight criteria and severity specifiers
Authors: Engelhardt Christian , Föcker Manuel , Bühren Katharina , Dahmen Brigitte , Becker Katja , Weber Linda , Correll Christoph U. , Egberts Karin Maria , Ehrlich Stefan , Roessner Veit , Fleischhaker Christian , von Gontard Alexander , Hahn Freia , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Kaess Michael , Legenbauer Tanja , Renner Tobias J. , Schulze Ulrike M. E. , Sinzig Judith , Wessing Ida , Antony Gisela , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Peters Triinu , Hebebrand Johannes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBoth DSM-5 and ICD-11 have provided weight cut-offs and severity specifiers for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. The aims of the current study focusing on inpatients aged < 19 years were to assess (1) the relationship between age and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), BMI-centiles, BMI-standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) and body height-SDS at referral, (2) the percentages of patients fulfilling the DSM-5 and ICD-11 weight criteria and severity categories for AN, and (3) the validity of the AN severity specifiers via analysis of both weight related data at discharge and inpatient treatment duration. The German Registry for Anorexia Nervosa encompassed complete data sets for 469 female patients (mean age = 15.2 years; range 8.9–18.9 years) with a diagnosis of AN (n = 404) or atypical AN (n = 65), who were ascertained at 16 German child and adolescent psychiatric hospitals. BMI at referral increased up to age 15 to subsequently plateau. Approximately one tenth of all patients with AN had a BMI above the fifth centile. The ICD-11 specifier based on a BMI-centile of 0.3 for childhood and adolescent AN entailed two equally sized groups of patients. Discharge data revealed limited validity of the specifiers. Height-SDS was not correlated with age thus stunting had no impact on our data. We corroborate the evidence to use the tenth instead of the fifth BMI-centile as the weight criterion in children and adolescents. Weight criteria should not entail major diagnostic shifts during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The severity specifiers based on BMI or BMI-centiles do not seem to have substantial clinical validity.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft – Datenrechte und Haftungsregime
Authors: Härtel Ines 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der dritten Agrarrevolution und der darin inkorporierten Digitalisierung verändert die
algorithmenbasierte Technologie der Künstlichen Intelligenz erheblich den Agrarbereich. Dies begünstigt
die Integration von ökonomischer Ressourceneffizienz und ökologischer Ressourcenleichtigkeit gleichermaßen.
Allerdings ergeben sich erhebliche Rechtsprobleme, die zu Regulierungsüberlegungen/-vorschlägen
im europäischen Kontext führen. Dies betrifft vor allem die Datenrechte – auch mit Bezug
zur DSGVO und zum Code of Conduct – einerseits, KI-Sicherheitsrecht und KI-Haftungsrecht andererseits.
Detection of a new strain of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in captive-bred clownfish Amphiprion percula in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Lam Chelsea , Khairunissa Isnita , Damayanti Lily , Kurobe Tomofumi , Teh Swee J. , Pfahl Heather , Rapi Saipul , Janetski Noel , Baxa Dolores V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBreeding of ornamental marine fishes was initiated in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to protect reef ecosystems from destructive fishing and to supplement income of local communities. However, stress associated with captive breeding conditions could enhance vulnerability of fish to disease. Wild- and captive-bred clownfish Amphiprion percula showed clinical signs such as white spots and warts typically associated with lymphocystis disease. Sequencing a portion of the DNA polymerase gene confirmed the identity of a lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in clownfish tissues that closely resembled LCDV from paradisefish; however, both strains were only 90% similar at the nucleotide level. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the LCDV is a new strain representing the first sequence of LCDV in A. percula. To determine the virus presence in clownfish and other ornamental marine species (OMS) in the hatchery, we developed conventional PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays that were comparatively sensitive at detecting the new LCDV strain. Among the PCR-tested clownfish, 19.4% (n = 14/72) were positive for the LCDV DNA that were either symptomatic or apparently healthy. Other OMS (n = 29) bred in the hatchery including seahorse Hippocampus spp., mandarin fish Synchiropus spp., and pajama cardinal fish Sphaeremia nepatoptera were negative by the LCDV PCR. The PCR and LAMP assays developed in this study will facilitate disease management by early detection of the LCDV and removal of potential reservoirs of the virus.
On Moral Obligations and Our Chances of Fulfilling Them
Authors: Akhlaghi Farbod 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany actions we perform affect the chances of fulfilling our moral obligations. The moral status of such actions is important and deeply neglected. In this paper, I begin rectifying this neglect by asking: under what conditions, if any, is it morally wrong to perform an action that will lower the chance of one fulfilling a moral obligation? In §1, I introduce this question and motivate concern with its answer. I argue, in §2, that certain actions an agent has good reason to believe will drastically lower their chances of fulfilling a moral obligation in the future, relative to at least one alternative action available, are pro tanto morally wrong. This answer, I argue, captures our intuitions in a range of cases, avoids the problems that other views considered here face, and can be plausibly defended against some independent objections. I conclude in §3 by noting some consequences for normative and practical ethics of the moral wrongness of at least some actions that lower the chances of fulfilling our moral obligations, and by raising a series of important questions regarding these actions for future consideration.