bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nightlife scene involvement and patterns of prescription drug misuse
Authors: Kelly Brian C. , Vuolo Mike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsParticipation in nightlife influences a range of health behaviours. Participants in various nightlife scenes have increasingly adopted prescription drug misuse into their substance use repertoires.Design and MethodsWith 404 young adults recruited via time–space sampling in New York, we examine the relationship of nightlife participation—measured by number of scenes and the number of nights out in nightlife scenes—to prescription drug misuse during the past 3 months. Outcomes included frequency of misuse, escalation to non‐oral consumption, polydrug use, social problems and symptoms of dependence.ResultsNegative binomial regressions indicate nightlife participation is associated with increased frequency of misuse measured by number of scenes (incidence rate ratio = 1.114, P < 0.05) and number of nights out (incidence rate ratio = 1.009, P < 0.001). Logistic regression models show nightlife participation is associated with increased odds of non‐oral use (adjusted odds ratio; AOR = 1.334, P < 0.01) and polydrug use (AOR = 1.776, P < 0.001) measured by number of scenes, and non‐oral use (AOR = 1.021, P < 0.001) and polydrug use (AOR = 1.023, P < 0.001) as measured by number of nights out. Nightlife participation is not associated with prescription drug problems or symptoms of dependence. Frequency of participation is associated with peer norms favourable to prescription drugs (B = 0.003, P < 0.01).Discussion and ConclusionsNightlife participation has implications for prescription drug misuse. While shaping how often and in what manner young people consume prescription drugs, nightlife participation is not associated with harms experienced. Given the significance of the prescription drug trend in many world regions, these results suggest that increasing participation in nightlife shapes patterns of drug use, but in ways that do not lead to reported problems.
Alcohol's harm to others and subjective well‐being: Cross‐sectional studies in Lao People's Democratic Republic and Thailand
Authors: Jankhotkaew Jintana , Pikhart Hynek , Chaiyasong Surasak , Waleewong Orratai , Nasueb Sopit , Markchang Kamolphat , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Sengngam Khanpaseuth , Douangvichit Daovieng , Thamarangsi Thaksaphon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPrevious studies have confirmed that the number of heavy drinkers in a household negatively correlates with the subjective well‐being of individuals in the household. However, limited studies have investigated the experiences of alcohol's harm to others (HTO) and subjective well‐being, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between experiences of HTO and subjective well‐being in two selected low‐ and middle‐income countries.Design and MethodsWe analysed population survey data on 1205 and 1491 individuals aged 18–64 years from Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and Thailand, respectively. The respondents' experiences of HTO and their subjective well‐being were measured using face‐to‐face interviews. The association between experiencing HTO and subjective well‐being was investigated using Tobit regression models.ResultsA significant association between experiencing HTO and subjective well‐being was found in Thailand, but not in Lao PDR. Those who had ever experienced HTO had a 2.77‐point lower score of subjective well‐being than those who had never experienced HTO (95% confidence interval −4.67, −0.88; P‐value <0.05) in Thailand. In Lao PDR, the physical harm dimension showed the strongest association with subjective well‐being compared to other types of harm, while in Thailand, financial harm was the dimension most strongly associated with the outcome.Discussion and ConclusionsThere was a significant association between HTO and subjective well‐being, particularly physical harm in Lao PDR and financial harm in Thailand. The study suggests that services to mitigate the impacts of HTO on well‐being should focus on physical harm in Lao PDR and financial harm in Thailand.
Influence of life‐history traits on the occurrence of carnivores within exoticEucalyptusplantations
Authors: Teixeira Daniela F. , Guillera‐Arroita Gurutzeta , Hilário Renato R. , Fonseca Carlos , Rosalino Luís Miguel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe world's forested area has been declining, especially in developing countries. In contrast, forest plantations are increasing, particularly exoticEucalyptusplantations, which cover nowadays over 20 million ha worldwide. This global landscape change affects native communities, especially those at higher trophic levels that are affected by bottom–up cascading effects, such as carnivores. We seek to identify the general life‐history traits of mammalian carnivore species that use exoticEucalyptusplantations.LocationWe reviewed 55 studies reporting carnivore presence inEucalyptusplantations worldwide.MethodsWe consider seven species life‐history traits (generation length, social behaviour, body mass, energetic trophic level, diet diversity, habitat generalist/specialist and locomotion mode) as candidate drivers. We used generalized linear mixed models, with life‐history traits as fixed factors, and study as well as carnivore species as random factors. We obtained the carnivore occurrence data from the literature (detection of 42 different species, from seven families). We considered non‐detected species those with an IUCN Red List of Threatened Species estimated distribution range overlapping with the study areas, but not recorded by the studies.ResultsWhile we found no evidence of an effect of any of the other life‐history traits tested, our modelling procedure indicated that habitat generalist species are more likely to useEucalyptusforests than specialist species.Main conclusionsOur results, therefore, confirm an impoverishment of predator communities in disturbed environments, with the exclusion of the most specialist predators, leading to fragmentation of their populations and, ultimately contributing to their local extinction. The local extinction of specialist carnivores may lead to “functional homogenization” of communities within plantations, modifying ecosystem functioning with a negative impact on plantations’ productivity, profitability and services.
Understanding What People With Migraine Consider to be Important Features of Migraine Tracking: An Analysis of the Utilization of Smartphone‐Based Migraine Tracking With a Free‐Text Feature
Authors: Minen Mia T. , Jaran Jana , Boyers Talia , Corner Sarah 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundHeadache mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) have gained popularity in use but there is little research into what people with migraine find important to track. This information is important for helping with adherence and determining meaningful data to patients. We conducted several clinical trials using a headache research app (RELAXaHEAD). The app contains a “notes” feature (a free‐text input section) where patients could record notes related to their headache.ObjectiveTo identify what patients view as important when tracking migraine/headaches within a headache tracking mHealth app.MethodsThis was a retrospective study where smartphone diary notes inputted by people with migraine were qualitatively analyzed; notes were extracted, a preliminary codebook was developed and used to code each note. Using grounded theory, themes and subthemes emerged.ResultsAbout 288 subjects in the trials used the notes function. There were 5364 total notes with an average of 18.6 ± 39.2 notes/user. The qualitative analysis yielded 759 unique codes and the emergence of 4 major themes. The first theme was “Utility in free‐text tracking of headache characteristics, medications, and sleep” which emerged as a space for users to elaborate on data that could have been inputted into other sections of the app. The second theme was “Monitoring coexisting conditions both related to and distinct from headache.” The third theme was “Personal records of behavioral therapy adherence,” which included a range of concepts from behavioral therapy session frequency/adherence to subjects’ thoughts or emotions regarding the behavioral therapy. The fourth theme was “Migraine trigger, prevention, and relief patterns deciphered through consistent data tracking.”ConclusionWe found that the majority of patients choose to expand on information beyond what can be inputted into specific icons in a headache app. Moreover, they want to be able to monitor not only headache‐related symptoms but symptoms they experience from other conditions. In addition to tracking their pharmacologic treatment, they may choose to track their nonpharmacologic, that is, behavioral therapy use, and they also use a smartphone diary app to assess what triggers versus relieves a migraine. While the RELAXaHEAD app was designed with features to extract data that would be useful to physicians and patients in treating migraine, our study results indicated that users also prefer a range of tracking capabilities that may or may not be useful to physicians but may be important for headache smartphone user engagement.
The traceability of commercial plasma calibrators to the plasma International Standards for factor VIII and factor IX
Authors: Wilmot Helen V. , Rakowski Kajetan , Gray Elaine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccurate measurement of coagulation factors is essential, especially for diagnosis of deficiency. Clinical laboratories use commercially available plasma calibrators, which should be traceable to the relevant plasma International Standard (IS). This study assessed the relationship between the plasma IS for factors IX (FIX) and VIII (FVIII) and some commonly used commercial calibrators. Calibrators from seven manufacturers were assayed for FIX and FVIII activity by one‐stage clotting assay (OSCA) using different activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagents and deficient plasmas, or chromogenic assay (CA). Results were calculated relative to the 4th IS Factors II,VII,IX,X, Plasma or the 6th IS Factor VIII/VWF, Plasma. Results for each calibrator were similar across the APTT reagents and deficient plasmas used. All calibrators showed a recovery of 90%‐111% of the manufacturers’ values, except calibrator C, which had recovery of around 85%. CA gave similar results, with good recovery for all but calibrator C. Similar low recoveries for OSCA and CA were found for a different lot of calibrator C and for a different calibrator product from manufacturer C. When all calibrators from manufacturer C were assayed by OSCA using the manufacturer's own deficient plasmas and APTT reagents, the mean recovery was still below 90%. Overall, there was good traceability of the international unit between the IS and commercial calibrator plasmas. Calibrators from one manufacturer consistently yielded lower than expected values for FIX and FVIII. This could lead to an over‐estimation of the coagulation factor content in patient samples and demonstrates the importance of careful choice of calibrator.
Transient stent placement versus tubeless procedure after ureteroscopy retrograde surgery stone extraction (Fast Track Stent study 2): A randomized prospective evaluation
Authors: Reicherz Alina , Maas Verena , Wenzel Patricia , Dahlkamp Lisa , Palisaar Jüri , von Bodman Christian , Noldus Joachim , Bach Peter 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo determine whether in pre‐stented patients undergoing ureteroscopic stone removal (ureteroscopy retrograde surgery) a tubeless procedure provides a better outcome compared with short‐term (6 h) ureteral stenting using an external ureteral catheter.MethodsIn this single academic center study (Fast Track Stent study 2), carried out between May 2016 and April 2018, 121 patients with renal or ureteral calculi were initially treated with double‐J insertion. Before secondary ureteroscopy retrograde surgery, patients were prospectively randomized into two groups: tubeless versus ureteral catheter insertion for 6 h after ureteroscopy retrograde surgery. Exclusion criteria were acute urinary tract infection, solitary kidney or stone diameter >25 mm. Study end‐points were stent‐related symptoms assessed by a validated questionnaire (ureteral stent symptom questionnaire), administered both before and 4 weeks after surgery. Numerical ureteral stent symptom questionnaire scores were compared using the Mann–Whitney‐U‐test. The level of significance was defined as P < 0.05.ResultsUreteroscopy retrograde surgery procedures carried out by 13 surgeons resulted in >90% stone removal in all patients (n = 121), with a mean operation time of 19.9 versus 18.0 min for ureteral catheter versus tubeless, respectively (P = 0.37). Patient groups did not differ significantly in their ureteral stent symptom questionnaire scores (urinary index P = 0.24; pain index P = 0.35). Patients showed a significant preference for tubeless procedure over ureteral catheter reinsertion (Question GQ P < 0.0001). The reintervention rate was 13.3% for the tubeless procedure (n = 8) and 1.6% for the ureteral catheter group (n = 1), respectively (P = 0.034).ConclusionsShort‐term ureteral catheter and no stent insertion after ureteroscopy retrograde surgery stone extraction in pre‐stented patients result in comparable quality of life. However, the reintervention rate is higher for tubeless procedures.
High‐dose‐rate brachytherapy and hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy combined with long‐term androgen deprivation therapy for very high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Kasahara Takashi , Ishizaki Fumio , Kazama Akira , Yuki Eri , Yamana Kazutoshi , Maruyama Ryo , Oshikane Tomoya , Kaidu Motoki , Aoyama Hidefumi , Bilim Vladimir , Nishiyama Tsutomu , Tomita Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the outcomes of high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy in prostate cancer patients classified as very high risk by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.MethodsBetween June 2009 and September 2015, 66 patients meeting the criteria for very high‐risk disease received high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (2 fractions of 9 Gy) as a boost of external beam radiotherapy (13 fractions of 3 Gy). Androgen deprivation therapy was administered for approximately 3 years. Biochemical failure was assessed using the Phoenix definition.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 53 months from the completion of radiotherapy. The 5‐year biochemical failure‐free, distant metastasis‐free, prostate cancer‐specific and overall survival rates were 88.7, 89.2, 98.5 and 97.0%, respectively. The independent contribution of each component of the very high‐risk criteria was assessed in multivariable models. Primary Gleason pattern 5 was associated with increased risks of biochemical failure (P = 0.017) and distant metastasis (P = 0.049), whereas clinical stage ≥T3b or >4 biopsy cores with Gleason score 8–10 had no significant impact on the two outcomes. Grade 3 genitourinary toxicities were observed in two (3.0%) patients, whereas no grade ≥3 gastrointestinal toxicities occurred.ConclusionsThe present study shows that this multimodal approach provides potentially excellent cancer control and acceptable associated morbidity for very high‐risk disease. Patients with primary Gleason pattern 5 are at a higher risk of poor outcomes, indicating the need for more aggressive approaches in these cases.
Impact of indocyanine green‐guided extended pelvic lymph node dissection during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Shimbo Masaki , Endo Fumiyasu , Matsushita Kazuhito , Hattori Kazunori 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of indocyanine green‐guided extended pelvic lymph node dissection during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy for intermediate‐ to high‐risk prostate cancer.Materials and methodsAfter institutional review board approval, between July 2017 and December 2018, we carried out 100 indocyanine green‐guided extended pelvic lymph node dissections in patients with localized intermediate‐ and high‐risk prostate cancer, using the Firefly (Novadaq Technologies, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and da Vinci Xi surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Indocyanine green was injected transrectally using ultrasound sonography before each surgery. Then, lymphatic drainage patterns and pathological findings were recorded.ResultsLymphatic drainage routes were successfully determined in 91 right‐sided and 90 left‐sided cases. Five main lymphatic pathways and sites were identified: (i) an internal route (57%); (ii) a lateral route (50%); (iii) a presacral route (20%); (iv) a paravesical artery site (20%); and (v) a pre‐prostatic site (5%). Lymph node metastasis was positive in 15 patients, with 44 pathologically confirmed metastatic lymph nodes. Metastatic fluorescent lymph nodes were found in 15 out of 44 lymph nodes (34.1%). For sentinel lymph node identification, the 34% sensitivity and 64.8% specificity rates were detected in regard to identification of lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsLymphatic drainage patterns from the prostate can be identified and classified using indocyanine green‐guided extended pelvic lymph node dissections. Although the direct role of fluorescent lymph nodes in sentinel lymph node identification appears to be limited, the identification of lymphatic pathways could contribute to high‐quality extended pelvic lymph node dissection during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.
Informal employment and the earnings of home‐based home care workers in the United States
Authors: Kim Jeounghee 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTInformal employment continues to exist in parallel with formal employment among the US home‐based home care workers and undermines the workers' economic security. This study examines the extent to which the earnings of the US home‐based home care workers are affected by informal employment arrangements and state labour policies designed to benefit low‐wage home care workers. Using a sample of 1,318 home‐based home care workers from the 2017 and 2018 Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey, this study found that (i) informally employed home‐based home care workers had a 9% reduction in annual earnings and that (ii) their earnings were not improved by generous state minimum wages and Domestic Workers' Bill of Rights while the earnings of agency employees were. The findings highlight the importance of strong enforcement of labour standards for informally employed home care workers in the United States.
Beta diversity patterns of bats in the Atlantic Forest: How does the scale of analysis affect the importance of spatial and environmental factors?
Authors: Batista Carolina Blefari , de Lima Isaac Passos , Lima Marcos Robalinho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimEnvironmental and spatial factors are broadly recognized as important predictors of beta diversity patterns. However, the scale at which beta diversity patterns are evaluated will affect the outcoming results. For example, studies at larger scales will usually find spatial processes as the main predictor of beta diversity patterns. In this study, we evaluate how beta diversity patterns change when analyses are conducted at different scales by reducing the scale of analysis in a hierarchical manner.LocationAtlantic Forest biome.TaxonChiroptera.MethodsInformation on the occurrence of 59 bat species were obtained from the Atlantic Bats and Species Link database. We partitioned beta diversity into its two components (nestedness and turnover), and calculated these indexes hierarchically: the biome in its entirety (all ecoregions); between larger regions (north, central and south); and between ecoregions within each region. We performed a Generalized Dissimilarity Model (GDM) to identify and predict the turnover of bat species in the Atlantic Forest based on geo‐climatic predictors. We obtained 19 geo‐climatic data from AMBDATA, an environmental dataset based on different data sources commonly used in species distribution modelling.ResultsWe found that turnover was the main component influencing a latitudinal gradient when the biome was analysed in its entirety. However, when the scale of the analysis was reduced, we found that species loss (nestedness component) had a large effect in determining beta diversity dissimilarity. We also found that nestedness was the main pattern explaining beta diversity dissimilarity along a longitudinal gradient.Main conclusionsBeta diversity patterns changed with the scale of analysis, which indicates that bat species composition does not follow the same pattern throughout the Atlantic Forest. This corroborates the importance of analysing beta diversity patterns at different scales to understand how environmental dissimilarity across geographical space can influence species distribution patterns.
Non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Creta Antonio , Hunter Ross J. , Earley Mark J. , Finlay Malcolm , Dhinoja Mehul , Sporton Simon , Chow Anthony , Mohiddin Saidi A. , Boveda Serge , Adragao Pedro , Jebberi Zeynab , Matos Daniel , Schilling Richard J. , Lambiase Pier D. , Providência Rui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and atrial fibrillation (AF) require chronic anticoagulation due to high thromboembolic risk. Evidence supporting the use of non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with HCM remains sparse, and there are no data regarding the use of NOACs in patients with HCM undergoing catheter ablation of AF.MethodsObservational nonrandomized study in four European centers. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of NOACs compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with HCM undergoing catheter ablation for AF.ResultsA total of 137 patients with HCM (mean age: 55.0 ± 13.4, 29.1% female) underwent 230 catheter ablations for AF (1.7 ± 1.0 per patient). A total of 55 patients (39.4%) underwent 70 procedures (30.4%) on NOAC, while the remaining were on VKA. Warfarin (97.6%) and rivaroxaban (56.4%) were the most frequently used agents in the respective groups. No procedure‐related deaths were reported. We observed no significant difference in the rate of thromboembolism (VKA: 0.6%; NOAC: 0%; p = 1.0) or minor bleeding (VKA: 0.6%; NOAC: 1.4%; p = .54). There was a nonsignificant trend towards a lower incidence of major bleeding (VKA: 6.9%; NOAC: 1.4%; p = .09).ConclusionThese preliminary data suggest that NOACs are at least as safe and effective as VKAs in patients with HCM undergoing catheter ablation for AF.
Evaluation of sodium dichloroisocyanurate treatment on recovered concentrations of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes from cattle hide surfaces and culture medium
Authors: Long Wilbert , Sarker Majher I. , Annous Bassam A. , Paoli George C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA major concern of the cattle industry is cross‐contamination of meat with pathogens. Cattle are exposed to fecal material, mud, and other contaminants which harbor pathogens that can be shed onto meat and meat processing equipment. Due to increased chances of meat contamination during processing, new antimicrobial formulations for carcass washing before hide removal needs to be identified and tested. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SDIC) has biocidal properties and belongs to the N‐halamine group of compounds. Disk diffusion assays revealed, 1,000 ppm SDIC effectively reduced pathogen concentrations. SDIC was evaluated for its effects on pathogens in Tryptic Soy Broth and results revealed that 1,000 ppm SDIC had a strong correlation with time and treatment with no bacterial growth in log CFU ml−1 observed at the lowest detection level. Treatment of inoculated hides with 1,000 ppm SDIC for 5 min resulted in reduction of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes at 1.97, 2.02, and 2.84 log CFU cm−2, respectively.