bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of microstructure and properties of Cu-4.5 wt.% Ag alloy prepared by vacuum horizontal continuous casting in solid solution and aging treatment
Authors: Tang Linsheng , Xie Weibin , Xiao Xiangpeng , Chen Huiming , Wang Hang , Yang Bin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The vacuum horizontal continuous casting method was used for preparing Cu-4.5 wt.% Ag alloy rod containing few oxygen. The evolution of microstructure was observed by metallographic microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the hardness and electrical conductivity of Cu-4.5 wt.% Ag alloy aged at 450 °C for 12 h were increased by 60 HV and 12 %IACS than solution treated alloy. TEM observation showed that the continuous precipitates of Ag are uniformly distributed in matrix with the form of particles and strips. Through calculation, the strength increment of peak aged Cu-4.5 wt.%Ag alloy from solid solution hardening and precipitation hardening are 86 MPa and 136 MPa, respectively.
Unitary equivalence of complex symmetric contractions with finite defect
Authors: Gu Caixing 
Published: December 2020

A criterion for a contraction

T
T

on a Hilbert space to be complex symmetric is given in terms of the operator-valued characteristic function

Θ

T

\Theta _{T}

of

T
T

in 2007 (see Nicolas Chevrot, Emmanuel Fricain, and Dan Timotin [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 135 (2007), pp. 2877–2886]). To further classify unitary equivalent complex symmetric contractions, we notice a simple condition of when

Θ

T

1

\Theta _{T_{1}}

and

Θ

T

2

\Theta _{T_{2}}

coincide for two complex symmetric contractions

T

1

T_{1}

and

T

2

.

T_{2}.

As an application, surprisingly we solve the problem for any defect index

n
n

, when the defect indexes of contractions are

2
,

2,

this problem was left open by Nicolas Chevrot, Emmanuel Fricain, and Dan Timotin [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 135 (2007), pp. 2877–2886]. Furthermore, a construction of

3
×
3

3\times 3

symmetric inner matrices is proposed, which extends some results on

2
×
2

2\times 2

inner matrices (see Stephan Ramon Garcia [J. Operator Theory 54 (2005), pp. 239–250]) and

2
×
2

2\times 2

symmetric inner matrices (see Nicolas Chevrot, Emmanuel Fricain, and Dan Timotin [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 135 (2007), pp. 2877–2886]).
Linear independence of cables in the knot concordance group
Authors: Davis Christopher , Park JungHwan , Ray Arunima 
Published: December 2020

We produce infinite families of knots

{

K
i

}

i
≥
1

\{K^i\}_{i\ge 1}

for which the set of cables

{

K

p
,
1

i

}

i
,
p
≥
1

\{K^i_{p,1}\}_{i,p\ge 1}

is linearly independent in the knot concordance group,

C

\mathcal {C}

. We arrange that these examples lie arbitrarily deep in the solvable and bipolar filtrations of

C

\mathcal {C}

, denoted by

{

F

n

}

\{\mathcal {F}_n\}

and

{

B

n

}

\{\mathcal {B}_n\}

respectively. As a consequence, this result cannot be reached by any combination of algebraic concordance invariants, Casson-Gordon invariants, and Heegaard-Floer invariants such as

τ
\tau

,

ε
\varepsilon

, and

Υ
\Upsilon

. We give two applications of this result. First, for any

n
≥
0

n\ge 0

, there exists an infinite family

{

K
i

}

i
≥
1

\{K^i\}_{i\geq 1}

such that for each fixed

i
i

,

{

K

2
j

,
1

i

}

j
≥
0

\{K^i_{2^j,1}\}_{j\geq 0}

is a basis for an infinite rank summand of

F

n

\mathcal {F}_n

and

{

K

p
,
1

i

}

i
,
p
≥
1

\{K^i_{p,1}\}_{i, p\geq 1}

is linearly independent in

F

n

/

F

n
.5

\mathcal {F}_{n}/\mathcal {F}_{n.5}

. Second, for any

n
≥
1

n\ge 1

, we give filtered counterexamples to Kauffman’s conjecture on slice knots by constructing smoothly slice knots with genus one Seifert surfaces where one derivative curve has nontrivial Arf invariant and the other is nontrivial in both

F

n

/

F

n
.5

\mathcal {F}_n/\mathcal {F}_{n.5}

and

B

n
−
1

/

B

n
+
1

\mathcal {B}_{n-1}/\mathcal {B}_{n+1}

. We also give examples of smoothly slice knots with genus one Seifert surfaces such that one derivative has nontrivial Arf invariant and the other is topologically slice but not smoothly slice.
Individual Differences in the Relationship Between Pain Fear, Avoidance, and Pain Severity in a Chronic Abdominal Pain Sample and the Moderating Effect of Child Age
Authors: Cushing Christopher C , Kichline Tiffany , Friesen Craig , Schurman Jennifer V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background/Purpose
Most studies examining the components of the fear-avoidance model have examined processes at the group level. The current study used ecological momentary assessments to: (a) investigate the group and intraindividual relationships between pain fear, avoidance, and pain severity, (b) identify any heterogeneity between these relationships, and (c) explore the role of moderators to explain such heterogeneity.

Methods
Seventy-one pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain (M = 13.34 years, standard deviation = 2.67 years) reported pain fear, avoidance, and pain severity four times per day over 14 days.

Results
Results indicated significant individual differences in the relationship between pain fear and pain avoidance predicting pain severity. Child age helped explain the heterogeneity in the relationships between pain avoidance and pain severity such that older children had a stronger and more positive relationship between these variables. The random effect between pain fear and pain severity also indicated a moderator trend of child age such that older children were likely to have a stronger and more positive relationship.

Conclusions
The present study extends the fear-avoidance model by highlighting the importance of identifying potential individual differences when examining pain fear, avoidance, and pain severity. Furthermore, the current study suggests that child development should be considered in the model. However, future randomized control designs are necessary to explore the causal relationships between pain fear and avoidance on pain severity and potential developmental differences.
Theory-based Behavioral Predictors of Self-reported Use of Face Coverings in Public Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
Authors: Barile John P , Guerin Rebecca J , Fisher Kiva A , Tian Lin H , Okun Andrea H , Vanden Esschert Kayla L , Jeffers Alexiss , Gurbaxani Brian M , Thompson William W , Prue Christine E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Investigating antecedents of behaviors, such as wearing face coverings, is critical for developing strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine associations between theory-based behavioral predictors of intention to wear a face covering and actual wearing of a face covering in public.

Methods
Data from a cross-sectional panel survey of U.S. adults conducted in May and June 2020 (N = 1,004) were used to test a theory-based behavioral path model. We (a) examined predictors of intention to wear a face covering, (b) reported use of cloth face coverings, and (c) reported use of other face masks (e.g., a surgical mask or N95 respirator) in public.

Results
We found that being female, perceived importance of others wanting the respondent to wear a face covering, confidence to wear a face covering, and perceived importance of personal face covering use was positively associated with intention to wear a face covering in public. Intention to wear a face covering was positively associated with self-reported wearing of a cloth face covering if other people were observed wearing cloth face coverings in public at least “rarely” (aOR = 1.43), with stronger associations if they reported “sometimes” (aOR = 1.83), “often” (aOR = 2.32), or “always” (aOR = 2.96). For other types of face masks, a positive association between intention and behavior was only present when observing others wearing face masks “often” (aOR = 1.25) or “always” (aOR = 1.48).

Conclusions
Intention to wear face coverings and observing other people wearing them are important behavioral predictors of adherence to the CDC recommendation to wear face coverings in public.
Trends in prevalence and outcomes of frailty in a Swiss university hospital: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Bonjour Thierry , Waeber Gérard , Marques-Vidal Pedro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Frailty complicates management and worsens outcomes. We assessed the prevalence, determinants and consequences of frailty among elderly patients in a hospital setting.

Design
Retrospective observational study in a Swiss university hospital.

Methods
22,323 patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized between January 2009 and December 2017 at the internal medicine ward were included. Frailty was defined by the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) and patients were categorized as low (HFRS&lt;5), intermediate (HFRS 5–15) and high (HFRS&gt;15) risk.

Results
Overall prevalence of intermediate and high risk of frailty was 43% and 20%, respectively; prevalence was higher in women and increased with age. Prevalence of high risk of frailty increased from 11.4% in 2009 to 31% in 2012, and decreased to 19.2% in 2017. After multivariable adjustment, frailty was associated with increased length of stay: average and (95% confidence interval) 11.9 (11.7–12.1), 15.6 (15.4–15.8) and 19.7 (19.3–20.1) days for low, intermediate and high risk, respectively, and increased likelihood of ICU stay: odds ratio (OR) and (95% CI) 1.57 (1.41–1.75) and 2.10 (1.82–2.42) for intermediate and high risk, respectively, p for trend &lt;0.001. Frailty was associated with increased likelihood of hospital costs &gt;70,000 CHF: OR and (95% CI) 3.46 (2.79–4.29) and 10.7 (8.47–13.6) for intermediate and high risk, respectively, p for trend &lt;0.001, and with a lower likelihood of complete cost coverage: OR and (95% CI) 0.70 (0.65–0.76) and 0.52 (0.47–0.58) for intermediate and high risk, respectively, p for trend&lt;0.001.

Conclusions
Frailty is a frequent condition among hospitalized patients and is associated with higher costs.
Adolescent Marijuana Use in the United States and Structural Breaks: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis, 1991–2018
Authors: Gu Jiaxin , Guo Xin , Veenstra Gerry , Zhu Yushu , Fu Qiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To investigate temporal patterns, sociodemographic gradients, and structural breaks in adolescent marijuana use in the United States from 1991 to 2018, we used hierarchical age-period-cohort logistic regression models to distinguish temporal effects of marijuana use among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders from 28 waves of the Monitoring the Future survey (1991–2018). Structural breaks in period effects were further detected via a dynamic-programing–based method. Net of other effects, we found a clear age-related increase in the probability of marijuana use (10.46%, 23.17%, and 31.19% for 8th, 10th, and 12th graders, respectively). Period effects showed a substantial increase over time (from 16.23% in 2006 to 26.38% in 2018), while cohort effects remained stable throughout the study period. Risk of adolescent marijuana use varied by sex, racial group, family status, and parental education. Significant structural breaks during 1995–1996, 2006–2008, and 2011–2013 were identified in different subpopulations. A steady increase in marijuana use among adolescents during the latter years of this time period was identified. Adolescents who were male, were non-Black, lived in nonintact families, and had less educated parents were especially at risk of marijuana usage. Trends in adolescent marijuana use changed significantly during times of economic crisis.
Associations Between Workplace Factors and Depression and Anxiety in Australian Heavy Vehicle Truck Drivers
Authors: Chalmers Taryn , Maharaj Shamona , Lal Sara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
A number of health issues have been identified as prevalent within the Australian heavy vehicle driving population. Mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety, are among those disorders that have been regularly reported, however, the contributing factors are yet to be elucidated.

Methods
This study aimed to assess the associations between workplace factors such as years of employment, social interaction and shift length, with depressive and anxious symptomology in a cohort of 60 Australian heavy vehicle drivers.

Results
Significant positive associations were identified between depression and alcohol use (P = 0.044), coffee consumption (P = 0.037), number of accidents during career (P = &lt; 0.004), and number of hours driving per shift (P ≤ 0.001). Anxiety was found to be positively associated with a number of hours driving per week (P ≤ 0.001), and the number of accidents or near misses during a driving career (P = 0.039).

Conclusion
Several workplace factors were identified as being correlated to depression or anxiety within this cohort, suggesting potential changes to rostering systems and education regarding alcohol use may benefit the mental health of this driver population.
Fat Grafting and Auto-Augmentation Mastopexy After Breast Implant Removal: Technique and Evaluation of Outcomes Using BREAST-Q
Authors: Papadopoulos Sarantos , Colpaert Steven D M , Goulis Dimitrios G , Nigdelis Meletios P , Grimbizis Grigorios F , Tio Joke , Abdallah Abdallah and 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Auto-augmentation mastopexy after implant removal has been described as a possible alternative for women who do not opt for implant replacement and decline major reconstructive surgery.

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction after auto-augmentation mastopexy relative to the final breast volume and to assess the role of fat grafting on patients’ satisfaction and quality of life according to the BREAST-Q questionnaire.

Methods
Forty-seven breasts from 28 patients who underwent implant removal and auto-augmentation mastopexy were reviewed; 9 patients (group 1) were primarily treated with several fat grafting sessions with subsequent auto-augmentation, 5 (group 2) were treated primarily with auto-augmentation, but subsequently expressed a wish for breast augmentation by lipofilling, and 14 patients (group 3, control) had only auto-augmentation.

Results
Group 1 patients maintained their breast volume, and showed significant improvements in breast satisfaction, psychosocial well-being, and contentment with breast surgery outcomes (P = 0.01, ˂0.01, and ˂0.01, respectively). However, the physical well-being of this group, as well as response to final cup size or interaction parameters, did not improve (P = 0.06). In group 2, all except 1 patient had breast volume reduction to A cup, as was the case with one-third of the patients in control group 3 (group 3A, n = 5) who scored lower, and thus were less satisfied with the breast auto-augmentation than group 3B, who achieved final bigger cup sizes (P ˂ 0.01).

Conclusions
Auto-augmentation mastopexy resulted in substantial improvements in the parameters measured by BREAST-Q. Thus, combined auto-augmentation mastopexy and lipofilling provided a better alternative treatment after breast implant removal.

Level of Evidence: 4
Multiresidue Analytical Method for Pesticides in Soybean Extract
Authors: Marques Isadora Dias , Carriço Murilo Ricardo Sigal , Gayer Mateus Cristofari , de Jesus Soares Jefferson , Roehrs Rafael , Denardin Elton Luis Gasparotto , Paim Clésio Soldateli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Developed and validated a fast, simple and effective method based on the use of DLLME technique and determination by GC–MS of 26 pesticides in SE. To carry out the extraction of the pesticides of the matrix, 70 μL of mix of pesticides (1.5 μg/mL) was added to 5.0 mL of SE, containing 1.0 g of sodium chloride and 3.0 mL of acetonitrile. The results of validation were suitable. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.500–5.0 μg/mL. The method showed a limit of detection and quantification of 0.17 μg/mL and 0.50 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery recovering between 47% and 115%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of &lt;20% for fortification levels (range of 1.0–3.0 μg/mL). The method validated can be applied for routine analysis in soy-based drinks, considering it is fast, easy to perform and has satisfactory validation results.
Stroke risk prediction in patients with atrial fibrillation with and without rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Benz Alexander P , Healey Jeff S , Chin Ashley , Commerford Patrick , Marsden Tamara , Karthikeyan Ganesan , McIntyre William F , Wong Jorge A , Damasceno Albertino , Hohnloser Stefan H , Oldgren Jonas , Wallentin Lars , Ezekowitz Michael D , Eikelboom John W , Yusuf Salim , Connolly Stuart J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD), especially mitral stenosis, are assumed to be at high risk of stroke, irrespective of other factors. We aimed to re-evaluate stroke risk factors in a contemporary cohort of AF patients.

Methods and results
We analysed data of 15 400 AF patients presenting to an emergency department and who were enrolled in the global RE-LY AF registry, representing 47 countries from all inhabited continents. Follow-up occurred at 1 year after enrolment. A total of 1788 (11.6%) patients had RHD. These patients were younger (51.4±15.7 vs. 67.8±13.6 years), more likely to be female (66.2% vs. 44.7%) and had a lower mean CHA2DS2-VASc score (2.1±1.7 vs. 3.7±2.2) as compared to patients without RHD (all P&lt;0.001). Significant mitral stenosis (average mean transmitral gradient 11.5±6.5 mmHg) was the predominant valve lesion in those with RHD (59.6%). Patients with RHD had a higher baseline rate of anticoagulation use (60.4% vs. 45.2%, P&lt;0.001). Unadjusted stroke rates at 1 year were 2.8% and 4.1% for patients with and without RHD, respectively. The performance of the CHA2DS2-VASc score was modest in both groups [stroke at 1 year, c-statistics 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–0.78 and 0.63, 95% CI 0.61–0.66, respectively]. In the overall cohort, advanced age, female sex, prior stroke, tobacco use, and non-use of anticoagulation were predictors for stroke (all P&lt;0.05). Mitral stenosis was not associated with stroke risk (adjusted odds ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.67–1.72, P=0.764).

Conclusion
The performance of the CHA2DS2-VASc score was modest in AF patients both with and without RHD. In this cohort, moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis was not an independent risk factor for stroke.
Right heart failure due to benign metastasizing leiomyoma: a case report of this exceedingly rare condition and review of the literature
Authors: Pedrosa Cesar , Miotto Heberth Cesar , Drumond Leonardo Ferber , Andrade Mariana Magalhães , Zille Paula Chaves , Palhares Gisele Tubertini , Abrahao-Machado Lucas Faria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a smooth muscle tumour of genital origin occurring in women with a history of uterine or pelvic leiomyoma. Although histologically benign, it exhibits metastatic behaviour. Lungs are the most common site of metastasis. The heart is a rare site and metastasis at this location has been described in just few cases.

Case summary
A 42-year-old woman with a resected uterine leiomyoma and a subsequent and still not-resected left periovarian solid mass began complaining of shortness of breath 2 weeks before presentation. Echocardiography showed a mass located in the right ventricular cavity, enlargement of the right ventricle, and severe tricuspid regurgitation. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed two masses suggestive of tumours in the right ventricle causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Cardiac surgery was performed and, intraoperatively, a third small mass was detected on the tricuspid valve. The masses were resected, and tricuspid valve replacement was performed. Ten days later, the patient underwent an abdominal surgery for the pelvic mass resection. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cardiac and pelvic masses corroborated the diagnosis of benign leiomyomas. The patient was discharged in good clinical condition.

Discussion
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma to the heart is a rare condition. The pathogenesis remains controversial and includes: (i) vascular or lymphatic spread of myomatous tissue cells when leiomyoma resection or hysterectomy is performed and (ii) smooth muscle cell proliferation in multiple regions. The more usual locations of BML in the heart seem to be the tricuspid valve and the right face of the interventricular septum.
Pentose metabolism and conversion to biofuels and high-value chemicals in yeasts
Authors: Ruchala Justyna , Sibirny Andriy A 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Pentose sugars are widespread in nature and two of them, D-xylose and L-arabinose belong to the most abundant sugars being the second and third by abundance sugars in dry plant biomass (lignocellulose) and in general on planet. Therefore, it is not surprising that metabolism and bioconversion of these pentoses attract much attention. Several different pathways of D-xylose and L-arabinose catabolism in bacteria and yeasts are known. There are even more common and really ubiquitous though not so abundant pentoses, D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose, the constituents of all living cells. Thus, ribose metabolism is example of endogenous metabolism whereas metabolism of other pentoses, including xylose and L-arabinose, represents examples of the metabolism of foreign exogenous compounds which normally are not constituents of yeast cells. As a rule, pentose degradation by the wild-type strains of microorganisms does not lead to accumulation of high amounts of valuable substances; however, productive strains have been obtained by random selection and metabolic engineering. There are numerous reviews on xylose and (less) L-arabinose metabolism and conversion to high value substances; however, they mostly are devoted to bacteria or the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review is devoted to reviewing pentose metabolism and bioconversion mostly in non-conventional yeasts, which naturally metabolize xylose. Pentose metabolism in the recombinant strains of S. cerevisiae is also considered for comparison. The available data on ribose, xylose, L-arabinose transport, metabolism, regulation of these processes, interaction with glucose catabolism and construction of the productive strains of high-value chemicals or pentose (ribose) itself are described. In addition, genome studies of the natural xylose metabolizing yeasts and available tools for their molecular research are reviewed. Metabolism of other pentoses (2-deoxyribose, D-arabinose, lyxose) is briefly reviewed.