bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web-based telerobotics
Authors: Taylor Ken , Dalton Barney , Trevelyan James 
Published: July 2002

A six axis robot has been connected to the World Wide Web at http://telerobot.mech.uwa.edu.au/. The robot was made available on the World Wide Web in September 1994 and has been through many revisions since that time. The remote user receives static images of the robot's work space and can manipulate wooden blocks.The implementation and application of this interface to telerobotics is discussed. Useability and operator behaviour are investigated through analysis of movement records. Questions addressed are: What is the level of interest in this technique and is it a practical interface for telerobotics.
Asymptotic series for double zeta, double gamma, and Hecke L-functions
Authors: MATSUMOTO KOHJI 
Published: July 2002

Asymptotic expansions of the Barnes double zeta-functionformula hereand the double gamma-function Γ2(α, (1, w)),

with respect to the parameter w, are
proved. An application to Hecke L-functions of real
quadratic fields is also discussed.
A simple device for the exposure of animals to infectious

microoganisms by the airborne route
Authors: PHILLPOTS R. J. , BROOKS T. J. G. , COX C. S. 
Published: July 2002

Epidemiol. Infect.118 (1997), 71–5Figure 3, page 73: the horizontal x axis should

be labelled ‘Spores/ml in spray fluid

(log10)’. The corrected figure is shown

below:
Pseudonovibos spiralis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae): new information on this enigmatic South‐east Asian ox
Authors: Timm Robert M. , Brandt John H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTwo bovid frontlets with horns collected in 1929 and now housed in the collections of the University of Kansas Natural History Museum (KU) from Suoi Kiet, Binh Tuy Province, Vietnam, were previously identified as koupreys (Bos sauveli). We believe that they are specimens of the recently discovered bovid, Pseudonovibos spiralis Peter & Feiler, 1994. The KU specimens are represented by the posterior half of the frontal bones, the parietals, the horn cores and horns, and the anteriormost supraoccipitals, and are the most complete, best documented, and oldest specimens known of this poorly known species. We believe that both an adult male and an adult female are represented. Although the specimens are fragmentary, they still provide significant information that allows us to describe some aspects of P. spiralis, and they are especially critical to our understanding of the relationships of this animal to other bovids. We propose the English name spiral‐horned ox, which reflects both its distinctively shaped horns and close relationship to other wild oxen. The Khmer name, Khting Vor, is also an appropriate common name. Previously overlooked references from the 1880s and 1950s document that the spiral‐horned ox was believed to have magical powers over poisonous snakes.
A comparison of five methods for assignment of sex in the takahe (Aves: Porphyrio mantelli)
Authors: Eason Daryl , Millar Graig D. , Cree Alison , Halverson Joy , Lambert David M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe takahe (Porphyrio mantelli) is an endemic New Zealand avian species which was once thought to be extinct. Its rediscovery in 1948 heralded an intense species recovery programme, which is ongoing. Early in this programme, difficulties in the assignment of sex became apparent. Subsequently several approaches have been used in order to develop accurate methods to identify males and females in this species. We discuss the value of these approaches and report the results of our studies into DNA‐based, as well as morphometric and hormonal methods. We demonstrate that sex‐linked DNA sequence variation within both the chromo‐helicase‐DNA binding (CHD) and ATP synthase α‐subunit, (ATP5A1) genes allows the correct assignment of known‐sex adults. We also report the development of a discriminant function using body weight, bill depth, shield width, length from nares to bill‐tip, tarsus length, mid‐toe length and culmen length. This method had a maximum accuracy of 89+ on a sample of 37 known‐sex takahe, using culmen and tarsus lengths. In relation to hormonal methods of sexing takahe, plasma testosterone and oestradiol concentrations in adult and juvenile male and female takahe were measured in spring. The oestradiol/testosterone ratio discriminated between all 15 adults sampled within 38 min of capture. However, males experiencing increased capture stress had reduced testosterone levels and hence an uninformative oestradiol/testosterone ratio. Testosterone and oestradiol levels were generally undetectable in juvenile takahe less than 10 months old. Consequently, plasma sex steroid analyses in the breeding season are useful for the determination of sex in recently captured adults only.
On Restricted Sums
Authors: HAMIDOUNE Y. O. , LLADÓ A. S. , SERRA O. 
Published: July 2002

Let G be an abelian group. For a subset A ⊂ G, denote by
2 ∧ A the set of sums of two different elements of A. A conjecture by
Erdős and Heilbronn, first proved by Dias da Silva
and Hamidoune, states that, when G has prime order,
[mid ]2 ∧ A[mid ] [ges ] min([mid ]G[mid ], 2[mid ]A[mid ] − 3).We prove that, for abelian groups of odd order (respectively, cyclic groups), the inequality
[mid ]2 ∧ A[mid ] [ges ] min([mid ]G[mid ], 3[mid ]A[mid ]/2)
holds when A is a generating set of G, 0 ∈ A and
[mid ]A[mid ] [ges ] 21 (respectively, [mid ]A[mid ] [ges ] 33). The
structure of the sets for which equality holds is also determined.
CONFESSIONS OF A PSEUDO-VICTORIANIST, or How I Fell Ass-Backwards and Landed in a Period (a Screed)
Authors: Cohen Ed 
Published: July 2002

There are times in life when the question of knowing if one can think differently than one thinks, and perceive differently than one sees, is absolutely necessary if one is to go on looking and reflecting at all.— Foucault, The Use of PleasureI AM NOT NOW, nor have I ever been, a Victorianist. Nor will I ever be one. This is not to say that I do not teach courses focusing on nineteenth-century texts and contexts, that I have not recurrently written on topics and events that took place between 1799–1899, or that despite my best intentions my scholarly projects do not continue to keep pulling me back through this historical domain. Nevertheless, whatever I do intellectually, I do not do it as “a Victorianist,” whatever that might mean.
Southern Ocean synoptics – observations and analyses
Authors: Radok Uwe , Smith Catherine A , Wendler Gerd 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSynoptic surface pressure analyses for the Southern Ocean have been raised to a new level of realism by satellite imagery and NWP models, but the rare ship observations remain important analysis ingredients. This is illustrated here with observed and analysis pressures for an icebreaker journey from Hobart (Tasmania) to Dumont d'Urville and McMurdo (Antarctica). Copyright © 1998 Royal Meteorological Society
The variation of road‐surface temperatures in Devon, UK during cold and occluded front passage
Authors: Wood N L H , Clark R T 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRoad‐surface cooling during three contrasting frontal passages was examined for various sites with widely varying exposure across Devon. Delays in road cooling were dependent on exposure, topography, thermal inertia, precipitation and surface wetness. Scattered cloud and cloud bands complicate the spatial variability, but for winter maintenance, worst‐case scenarios of complete cloud clearance produce important guidelines for prioritising salting routes. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society
The testing and verification of contrail forecasts using pilot observations from aircraft
Authors: Moss S J 
Published: July 2002

AbstractContrail forecasting techniques used within the UK Meteorological Office have changed little since the early 1940s and there has been no formal verification of the results. Recent research has shown that old forecasting techniques may not be wholly applicable to modern aircraft that now use more efficient engines. In order to compare the performance of both the old and new forecasting techniques a validation trial was carried out over a nine‐month period in which RAF pilots reported when and where contrails did and did not occur. These observations were compared with the predicted contrail levels from both the old and newer forecasting techniques. The results indicate that both techniques give a similar performance and that neither significantly out‐perform a simple persistence prediction. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society
Motion characteristics of thunderstorms in southern Germany
Authors: Hagen Martin , Bartenschlager Blasius , Finke Ullrich 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe motion of thunderstorms in southern Germany was investigated. The thunderstorms were observed by a lightning position system during the summer months of the years 1992–1996. On average every second day thunderstorms were observed somewhere in southern Germany. In general thunderstorms approached from westerly and south‐westerly directions. The average speed was 13 m s−1. No significant relation between the occurrence of thunderstorms and the large‐scale synoptic pattern described by the Grosswetterlagen (large‐scale weather pattern) was found. Thunderstorms were observed during almost all Grosswetterlagen. The reduction to eight weather patterns based on the low‐level flow in southern Germany showed that thunderstorms are likely when the flow has a westerly (43%) or easterly direction (20%). Three distinct groups of different lighting patterns could be identified: stationary, moving thunderstorms and thunderstorm lines. The convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the wind shear were retrieved from radio soundings from München and Stuttgart. On average CAPE was 583 J kg−1 for stationary thunderstorms, 701 J kg−1 for moving thunderstorms and 876 J kg−1 for thunderstorm lines. The corresponding average bulk Richardson numbers were 37, 22 and 21. The steering level was found to be at about 6 km m.s.l. However, it should be noted that in most cases the soundings do not completely describe the local environment of thunderstorms, since radio soundings are only available twice a day. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society
Influence of weather conditions on the distribution of persistent contrails
Authors: Kästner Martina , Meyer Richard , Wendling Peter 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn automated contrail detection algorithm has been applied to AVHRR data to obtain the position of contrails. Nearly simultaneous data from the Europe Model of the Deutscher Wetterdienst have been used to find typical weather conditions associated with 742 persistent contrails. Further, a flow pattern analysis identifies typical regions where the occurrence of contrails was above average. These regions are in the upper atmosphere: (a) ahead of a surface warm front either in moist warm layers before the cirrus clouds arrive or more likely with the cirrus in a warm conveyor belt and (b) ahead of a surface cold front in rapidly moving cold air in the turbulent regions near a band of strong wind (though the speed is not necessarily as high as in a jet). Usually, the atmosphere is baroclinic in the contrail region. Most of the detected contrails occur in divergent flow patterns in the upper troposphere in slowly rising warm or locally turbulent cold air masses. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society
The Future of Youth Justice: The
Government's Legislative Proposals
Authors: Calder Avril 
Published: July 2002

This conference was held in Central London in January
1998 and organised jointly by The British Juvenile and
Family Courts Society (BJFCS) and The National Association for
the Care and Resettlement of Offenders, at
which the keynote speaker was The Rt. Hon. Jack Straw
MP, the Home Secretary. Important contributions were
also made by no fewer than nine members of the
Government's Task Force set up in May last year to
examine the future of the Youth Courts — a task which, in
my opinion as a Youth Court magistrate since 1978 and
past chairman of the BJFCS, was ripe for attention. The
conference was attended by 300 delegates representing a
wide range of professionals involved with young people
and the courts.The Home Secretary's opening words emphasised both
the timeliness, in view of the Crime and Disorder Bill
going through Parliament, and the importance of the
conference because of the widely held view that the system
was failing. In addition a consultation process was taking
place to look at longer-term reform of the Youth Court.
The Home Secretary spelled out that too little is done
when children start to offend to ‘intervene positively’ in

their lives; repeat cautions are used ineffectively; re-offending continues on bail; and there is a lack of
supervised community-based programmes aimed at making young
people take responsibility for their behaviour,
make amends, and change. He drew attention to the
disjointed system of both custodial facilities and orders
that need to be overhauled. Finally he pointed out that
there is a lack of a national strategy.
Mutations of Arabidopsis in Potential Transduction and Response Components of the Phototropic Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liscum E. , Briggs W. R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Four genetic loci were recently identified by mutations that affect phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyhn. seedlings. It was hypothesized that one of these loci, NPH1, encodes the apoprotein for a phototropic photoreceptor. All of the alleles at the other three mutant loci (nph2, nph3, and nph4) contained wild-type levels of the putative NPH1 protein and exhibited normal blue-light-dependent phosphorylation of the NPH1 protein. This indicated that the NPH2, NPH3, and NPH4 proteins likely function downstream of NPH1 photoactivation. We show here that, although the nph2, nph3, and nph4 mutants are all altered with respect to their phototropic responses, only the nph4 mutants are also altered in their gravitropic responsiveness. Thus, NPH2 and NPH3 appear to act as signal carriers in a phototropism-specific pathway, whereas NPH4 is required for both phototropism and gravitropism and thus may function directly in the differential growth response. Despite their altered phototropic responses in blue and green light as etiolated seedlings, the nph2 and nph4 mutants exhibited less dramatic mutant phenotypes as de-etiolated seedlings and when etiolated seedlings were irradiated with unilateral ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light. Examination of the phototropic responses of a mutant deficient in biologically active phytochromes, hy1–100, indicated that phytochrome transformation by UV-A light mediates an increase in phototropic responsiveness, accounting for the greater phototropic curvature of the nph2 and nph4 mutants to UV-A light than to blue light.
Novel, Highly Expressed Late Nodulin Gene (LjNOD16) from Lotus japonicus
Authors: Kapranov P. , de Bruijn F. J. , Szczyglowski K. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
We have isolated a Lotus japonicus cDNA corresponding to a highly abundant, late nodule-specific RNA species that encodes a polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 15.6 kD. The protein and its corresponding gene were designated Nlj16 and LjNOD16, respectively. LjNOD16 was found to be expressed only in the infected cells of L. japonicus nodules. Related DNA sequences could be identified in the genomes of both Glycine max and Medicago sativa. In the latter, a homologous mRNA species was detected in the nodules. Unlike LjNOD16, its alfalfa homologs appear to represent low-abundance mRNA species. However, the proteins corresponding to the LjNOD16 and its alfalfa homolog could be detected at similar levels in nodules but not in roots of both legume species. The predicted amino acid sequence analysis of nodulin Nlj16 revealed the presence of a long α--helical region and a positively charged C terminus. The former domain has a very high propensity to form a coiled-coil type structure, indicating that nodulin Nlj16 may interact with an as-yet-unidentified protein target(s) in the nodule-infected cells. Homology searches revealed no significant similarities to any known sequences in the databases, with the exception of two related, anonymous Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags.
A Water-Soluble Chlorophyll Protein in Cauliflower May Be Identical to BnD22, a Drought-Induced, 22-Kilodalton Protein in Rapeseed
Authors: Nishio N. , Satoh H. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A water-soluble chlorophyll protein (WSCP) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) was purified and its N-terminal sequence was determined. Forty-six of 48 residues of the sequence completely matched those of the drought-induced 22-kD protein (BnD22) in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). All 40 sequenced residues of WSCP from rapeseed were perfectly matched to those of BnD22. Thus, WSCP may be identical to BnD22. The abundance of WSCP was increased in detached cauliflower leaves.
Adenosine 5[prime]-Triphosphate Is Required for the Assembly of 11S Seed Proglobulins in Vitro
Authors: Nam Y. W. , Jung R. , Nielsen N. C. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Seed protein proglobulins were synthesized from cDNAs in reticulocyte lysates. Most proglobulins were recovered as trimers when translation rates were low, but mostly monomers were recovered at high translation rates. The prevalence of monomers was accompanied by elevated amounts of insoluble protein recovered at the bottom of sucrose density gradients. Apyrase treatment of translation mixtures after synthesis, but before significant assembly occurred, drastically reduced trimer assembly and increased the proportion of insoluble aggregate. These observations indicated that ATP is required for protein folding and/or trimer assembly. The appearance of insoluble aggregated protein when rates of synthesis were elevated or when ATP was absent suggested that protein misfolding had occurred. Trimer assembly was stimulated when wheat germ translation mixtures defective in supporting efficient trimer assembly were supplemented with fractions isolated from endoplasmic reticula of developing pea (Pisum sativum) seeds. Molecular chaperones are likely involved in folding and/or assembly of proglobulin trimers both in reticulocyte lysates and in seeds. Consistent with this hypothesis, trimer formation was reduced when carboxymethylated bovine albumin and α--casein, considered to mimic proteins with extended chain and molten globular conformations and thereby compete for Hsp70- and Hsp60-type molecular chaperones, respectively, were introduced into translation mixtures.
Eucalypt MADS-Box Genes Expressed in Developing Flowers
Authors: Southerton Simon G. , Marshall Heidi , Mouradov Aidyn , Teasdale Robert D. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Three MADS-box genes were identified from a cDNA library derived from young flowers of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. The threeegm genes are single-copy genes and are expressed almost exclusively in flowers. The egm1 and egm3genes shared strongest homology with other plant MADS-box genes, which mediate between the floral meristem and the organ-identity genes. Theegm3 gene was also expressed strongly in the receptacle or floral tube, which surrounds the carpels in the eucalypt flower and bears the sepals, petals, and numerous stamens. There appeared to be a group of genes in eucalypts with strong homology with the 3′ region of the egm1 gene. The egm2 gene was expressed in eucalypt petals and stamens and was most homologous to MADS-box genes, which belong to the globosa group of genes, which regulate organogenesis of the second and third floral whorls. The possible role of these three genes in eucalypt floral development is discussed.
Organellar and Cytosolic Localization of Four Phosphoribosyl Diphosphate Synthase Isozymes in Spinach
Authors: Krath Britta N. , Hove-Jensen Bjarne 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Four cDNAs encoding phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP) synthase were isolated from a spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cDNA library by complementation of an Escherichia coli Δprs mutation. The four gene products produced PRPP in vitro from ATP and ribose-5-phosphate. Two of the enzymes (isozymes 1 and 2) required inorganic phosphate for activity, whereas the others were phosphate independent. PRPP synthase isozymes 2 and 3 contained 76 and 87 amino acid extensions, respectively, at their N-terminal ends in comparison with other PRPP synthases. Isozyme 2 was synthesized in vitro and shown to be imported and processed by pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that isozyme 3 may be transported to mitochondria and that isozyme 4 may be located in the cytosol. The deduced amino acid sequences of isozymes 1 and 2 and isozymes 3 and 4 were 88% and 75% identical, respectively. In contrast, the amino acid identities of PRPP synthase isozyme 1 or 2 with 3 or 4 was modest (22%–25%), but the sequence motifs for binding of PRPP and divalent cation-nucleotide were identified in all four sequences. The results indicate that PRPP synthase isozymes 3 and 4 belong to a new class of PRPP synthases that may be specific to plants.
ADP-Dependent Phosphorylation Regulates Association of a DNA-Binding Complex with the Barley Chloroplast psbDBlue-Light-Responsive Promoter1
Authors: Kim Minkyun , Christopher David A. , Mullet John E. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The chloroplast genepsbD encodes D2, a chlorophyll-binding protein located in the photosystem II reaction center. Transcription ofpsbD in higher plants involves at least three promoters, one of which is regulated by blue light. The psbDblue-light-regulated promoter (BLRP) consists of a −10 promoter element and an activating complex, AGF, that binds immediately upstream of −35. A second sequence-specific DNA-binding complex, PGTF, binds upstream of AGF between −71 and −100 in the barley (Hordeum vulgare) psbD BLRP. In this study we report that ADP-dependent phosphorylation selectively inhibits the binding of PGTF to the barley psbD BLRP. ATP at high concentrations (1–5 mm) inhibits PGTF binding, but in the presence of phosphocreatine and phosphocreatine kinase, this capacity is lost, presumably due to scavenging of ADP. ADP inhibits PGTF binding at relatively low concentrations (0.1 mm), whereas other nucleotides are unable to mediate this response. ADP-mediated inhibition of PGTF binding is reduced in the presence of the protein kinase inhibitor K252a. This and other results suggest that ADP-dependent phosphorylation of PGTF (or some associated protein) inhibits binding of PGTF to the psbD BLRP and reduces transcription. ADP-dependent phosphorylation is expected to increase in darkness in parallel with the rise in ADP levels in chloroplasts. ADP-dependent phosphorylation in chloroplasts may, therefore, in coordination, inactivate enzymes involved in carbon assimilation, protein synthesis, and transcription during diurnal light/dark cycles.
Flavan-Containing Cells Delimit Frankia-Infected Compartments in Casuarina glauca Nodules
Authors: Laplaze Laurent , Gherbi Hassen , Frutz Thierry , Pawlowski Katharina , Franche Claudine , Macheix Jean-Jacques , Auguy Florence , Bogusz Didier , Duhoux Emile 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
We investigated the involvement of polyphenols in the Casuarina glauca-Frankia symbiosis. Histological analysis revealed a cell-specific accumulation of phenolics in C. glauca nodule lobes, creating a compartmentation in the cortex. Histochemical and biochemical analyses indicated that these phenolic compounds belong to the flavan class of flavonoids. We show that the same compounds were synthesized in nodules and uninfected roots. However, the amount of each flavan was dramatically increased in nodules compared with uninfected roots. The use of in situ hybridization established that chalcone synthase transcripts accumulate in flavan-containing cells at the apex of the nodule lobe. Our findings are discussed in view of the possible role of flavans in plant-microbe interactions.