bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H2 Economy: Hype, Horizon, or Here?
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: August 2020

Clean-burning hydrogen (H2) - and scenarios for a future economy powered by it - is big news at the moment. This is no surprise, given the current environment of low demand for oil, growing unease over greenhouse gas emissions, and projections that post-pandemic stimulus measures could do for hydrogen what stimulus measures after the 2008 financial crisis did for solar power. Oil and gas majors have spent tens of millions of dollars on pilot projects, as have other industrial giants. Germany, which has allocated $10 billion to its nascent hydrogen industry, is one of a growing number of governments whose spending to satisfy climate commitments while restarting their economies could provide a major funding kickstart.
But for the moment, most analysts agree that the future for a hydrogen economy is still uncertain and that the biggest obstacles to scaling will be costs, technology scaleup, and policy.
H2 101 - From Feedstock to Fuel
Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all mass. Today approximately 3% of global energy consumption is used to produce hydrogen, at a rate of more than 110 million tons per year, according to BloombergNEF (BNEF). So, hydrogen production is already a large and thriving industry. Yet, according to the Hydrogen Council, only 0.002% of currently produced hydrogen is used as fuel. Some 90% is used for ammonia production, petroleum refining, and methanol production.
DNV GL, in a recent report on hydrogen as an energy carrier, describes hydrogen as a unique zero-emission energy carrier that can be converted to electrical energy in a fuel cell two to three times more efficiently than in a combustion engine. Hydrogen as an energy carrier can exist in a variety of forms and can be converted from one form to another, while energy sources such as oil and gas are the original resource from which the energy carrier is produced. Hydrogen can be used as fuel for mobility and heating in buildings; to decarbonize industrial processes; and as price support and storage for excess electricity during periods when production output from renewables alone exceeds demand.
BNEF reports in its Hydrogen Economy Outlook that deploying clean hydrogen in the coming decades could reduce up to 34% of global greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and industry at manageable cost. Renewable hydrogen could be produced for $0.70 to $1.60/kg in most parts of the world before 2050 - the equivalent of gas priced at $6-$12/MMBtu, making it competitive with current natural gas prices in Brazil, China, India, Germany, and Scandinavia on an energy-equivalent basis.
Technology Focus: Formation Evaluation (August 2020)
Authors: Ma Shouxiang (Mark) 
Published: August 2020

A century after the 1918 flu pandemic, much of the world in early 2020 was experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown except a few places such as parts of Northern Europe. The reduced global demand for oil was one of the main reasons that the May futures contract for West Texas Intermediate crude fell to an unbelievable low level in late April. It was indeed an unprecedented historical moment. What has this to do with petroleum engineering in general and formation evaluation in particular? A lot.
In the short term, universities would experience significantly reduced enrollments in petroleum engineering and probably geoscience majors. The industry is quickly losing experienced hands and subject-matter experts; thus, activities in innovation and new technology development would suffer. Consequently, limited numbers of professionals and fewer new business impact solutions would be available when needed in the near future when the business comes back. Therefore, we must have a longer-term vision for business planning, balancing short-term challenges with long-term perspectives. This is especially true for professional retention and development.
Individually and collectively, we are currently facing undeniable difficult times. But, as has been said, challenges are also opportunities. It is a proper time for all of us to pause a bit and formulate way-forward plans that suit our needs. It is surely a good time to recharge ourselves with newly emerging skills to meet the anticipated future needs through various resources such as online training and webinars offered by service providers or from professional societies such as SPE.
In any case, oil will still be an irreplaceable resource that the world needs in the foreseeable future, and formation evaluation is a critical subject-matter area that the industry cannot exist without - from resources exploration, to field development, to production, all the way to abandonment.
We should sharpen our tools when we can so we will not be regretful when the time of needs comes.
Preparedness Holds Key to Management of Infectious Diseases Offshore
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 199458, “Management of Infectious Diseases Offshore,” by Salwan Ibrahim, International SOS, and Andry Nowosiwsky, ExxonMobil, prepared for the 2020 SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability, originally scheduled to be held in Bogota, Colombia, 28-30 July. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
International SOS has led medical services operations on offshore installations globally and has managed clinical cases in which patients presented with signs and symptoms of known infectious illnesses. In a recent example, three cases of mumps were identified among the work force on an operating oil and gas rig offshore Guyana. The complete paper describes the recommended steps that were followed in the management of the cases. The authors consider these steps to be best practices in infectious disease management on offshore installations.
Disease Overview
Mumps is a viral infection best known for the swelling of the cheeks and jaw seen in patients, a result of infection of the salivary glands. When mumps affects adults, it can lead to complications such as meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord) and orchitis (inflammation of the testicles). Initial symptoms include headache, muscle pain, low-grade fever, and malaise. Soon after, painful swelling of the glands in the cheeks and jaw occurs. There is no specific treatment for mumps. It is generally a mild, self-limiting disease that requires only symptomatic management.
Burnout level and associated factors in a Sub-Saharan African medical setting: prospective cross-sectional survey.
Authors: MACKANGA Jean-Rodolphe , MOULOUNGUI Emeline Gracia MOUENDOU , IBA-BA Josaphat , POTTIER Pierre , KOMBILA Jean-Baptiste MOUSSAVOU , BOGUIKOUMA Jean Bruno 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: burnout in the hospital environment is a problem that affects care and training. Often explored in the high-income medical context, burnout is poorly studied in low and middle-income countries characterized by a precarious hospital situation and a high stake linked to the Millennium Development Goals. The aim of our study was to determine in medical practitioners, in a sub-Saharan African country’s medical context, the burnout level and associated factors. Methods: a prospective cross-sectional study by using a self-administered Likert-scale questionnaire addressed to doctors and doctoral medical students in Gabon. Maslach Burnout Inventory scale has been used. Burnout symptoms were defined by high level in at least one of the 3 dimensions. Severe burnout defined by high level in all dimensions. Explored factors: socio-demographic and psychometric. Multiple logistic regression has been performed. Results: among 104 participants, severe burnout prevailed at 1.9% (95% CI: 0.2% -6.8%) and burnout symptoms at 34.6% (95% CI: 25, 6% -44.6%). The associated factors with burnout symptoms: age (OR = 0.86, p = 0.004), clinical activity in a university hospital center (OR = 5.19, p = 0.006), the easy access to the hospital (OR = 0.59, p = 0.012), number of elderly dependents living with the practitioner (OR = 0.54, p = 0.012), place of residence (same borough where the hospital is located: OR = 4.09, p = 0.039) and to be favorable to traditional medicine (OR = 1.82, p = 0.087). Nagelkerke’s R-squared:53.1%. Conclusion: in Gabon, middle-income country, almost one practitioner in two has burnout symptoms. The young age, the university hospital center, the difficulty to access to hospital and to live in the borough where the hospital is located increase the probability of burnout symptoms. These results must put question to relevant authorities regarding health and medical education, to set up: a public transport for practitioners, an optimal primary health care system, a regulation of medical tasks in hospitals, a training in clinical supervision.
Knowledge of malaria prevention and control methods and associated factors among rural households in West Belessa district, North West Ethiopia, 2019.
Authors: Aragie Tsigie Baye 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia malaria is one of the top ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Community knowledge of prevention and control methods had been proven to play an important role in the implementation of effective and sustainable interventions against malaria. This information is limited in the study area. This study aimed to assess knowledge of malaria prevention and control methods and its associated factors among households in West Belessa district, 2019.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional mixed quantitative and qualitative study was conducted from April to June 2019 in West Belessa district, North West Ethiopia. Multistage sampling was used to select an estimated 770 sample size. A structured questionnaire was used for the quantitative component and semi-structured questionnaire for the qualitative component. Quantitative data were collected by interviewing and qualitative data using focus group discussion (FGD). Quantitative data was coded and entered using Epi info software version 7 then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the associated factors. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of association. The qualitative data was transcribed manually using the thematic approach.Result: A total of 770 subjects were included in this study with a 99.5% response rate. Of the total respondents, 75.6% had good knowledge of malaria prevention methods. LLINs and IRS were mentioned by 84.7% and 83.7% respectively. Poorest wealth quintiles [AOR= 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.73], poor wealth quintiles [AOR= 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.70], and medium wealth quintiles [AOR= 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.76], living in Menti Kebele [AOR= 3.07, 95% CI 1.85, 5.08], living in Abay tera kebele [AOR= 2.00, 95% CI 1.21, 3.29] were significantly associated with good knowledge. About all of the focused group discussion (FGD) participants agreed that malaria is a preventable disease and mentioned some of the preventive methods.Conclusion: Overall there was relatively high knowledge of malaria prevention and control methods. LLINs and IRS were known malaria prevention methods in West Belessa. Wealth index and respondents living kebele are predictors for knowledge of malaria prevention.
WITHDRAWN: Exploring the Effectiveness of Convolutional Neural Network with Ensemble Technique
Authors: Ghosh Monalisha , Sanyal Goutam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sentiment Analysis has recently been considered as the most active research field in the natural language processing (NLP) domain. Deep Learning is a subset of the large family of Machine Learning and becoming a growing trend due to its automatic learning capability with impressive consequences across different NLP tasks. Hence, a fusion-based Machine Learning framework has been attempted by merging the Traditional Machine Learning method with Deep Learning techniques to tackle the challenge of sentiment prediction for a massive amount of unstructured review dataset. The proposed architecture aims to utilize the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a backpropagation algorithm to extract embedded feature vectors from the top hidden layer. Thereafter, these vectors augmented to an optimized feature set generated from binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) method. Finally, a traditional SVM classifier is trained with these extended features set to determine the optimal hyper-plane for separating two classes of review datasets. The evaluation of this research work has been carried out on two benchmark movie review datasets IMDB, SST2. Experimental results with comparative studies based on performance accuracy and F-score value are reported to highlight the benefits of the developed frameworks.
The role of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in complicated knee arthroplasty: relevance of gentamicin allergy and benefit from revision surgery, a case control follow-up study and algorithmic approach
Authors: Thomas Benjamin , Benedikt Maria , Alamri Ali , Kapp Florian , Bader Rainer , Summer Burkhard , Thomas Peter , Oppel Eva 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Antibiotic-loaded (particularly gentamicin) bone cement (BC) is widely used in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) to prevent periprosthetic infections (PPIs), but may itself cause implant failure. In light of a complete lack in literature, the objective was to assess the clinical relevance of gentamicin allergy for failure of cemented total knee arthroplasties in 25 out of 250 patients with positive patch test reactions to gentamicin and otherwise unexplained symptoms by evaluating benefits from revision with change to gentamicin-free cement.

Methods

15 of these 25 patients and their treating orthopaedic surgeons agreed to a re-assessment. They were surveyed regarding interim course of therapy and symptoms, including re-assessment of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and underwent follow-up clinical and radiographic investigations. The initial use of gentamicin-loaded BC was reaffirmed by review of the primary implantation operative reports and respective implant passports. Primary and follow-up KOOS scores were analyzed regarding benefits from revision surgery by comparing nine patients with revision to six without revision.

Results

Mean follow-up time was 38 months. The entirety of patients experienced an improvement of self-reported symptoms, with revision surgery (i.e. switching to gentamicin-free BC or uncemented total knee arthroplasty) yielding significantly greater improvement (p=0.031): the nine revised patients reported a significant symptom relief (p=0.028), contrary to the six unrevised patients (p=0.14). Interestingly, the decision to proceed with revision surgery was significantly correlated with higher symptom severity (p=0.05).

Conclusion

In symptomatic total knee arthroplasty with gentamicin allergy, uncemented revision arthroplasty or change to gentamicin-free BC provides significant symptom relief.
Factors influencing the length of hospital stay during the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment at Amhara Regional State hospitals, Ethiopia: A retrospective follow up study
Authors: Tamirat koku Sisay , Andargie Gashaw , Babel Yaregal Animut 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The length of hospital stay is the duration of hospitalization, which reflects disease severity and resource utilization indirectly. Generally, tuberculosis is considered an ambulatory disease that could be treated at DOTs clinics; however, admission remains an essential component for patients' clinical stabilization. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors influencing hospital stay length during the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment.Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted at three hospitals, namely the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized, Borumeda, and Debremarkos referral hospitals from September 2010 to December 2016 (n=432). Data extracted from hospital admission/discharge logbooks and individual patient medical charts. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with more extended hospital stays during the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment.Result: Most patients (93.5%) had a pulmonary form of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and 26.2% had /TB/HIV co-infections. The median length of hospital stays was 62 (interquartile range from 36 to 100) days. The pulmonary form of tuberculosis (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.31 to 9.16), bedridden functional status (AOR= 2.88, 95%CI; 1.29 to 6.43), and adverse drug effects (AOR=2.11, 95%CI; 1.35 to 3.30) were factors associated with extended hospital stays.Conclusion: This study revealed that the length of hospital-stay differed significantly between the hospitals. The pulmonary form of tuberculosis decreased functional status at admission and reported adverse drug reactions were determinants of more extended hospital stays. These underscore the importance of early case detection and prompt treatment of adverse drug effects.
‘I’ve got to be independent’: Views of older people on recovery following road traffic injury in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Brown Katherine , Cameron Ian D , Keay Lisa , Nguyen Ha , Dillon Lisa , Jagnoor Jagnoor , Ivers Rebecca 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mild to moderate road traffic injury (RTI) in people of working age is associated with limited recovery. Less is known about RTI recovery in older age. This study explored the perspectives and factors associated with recovery and health-related quality of life following mild to moderate RTI in older age in New South Wales, Australia.Methods: A qualitative study using content analysis was undertaken. Participants aged 65 or more years were purposively selected from a larger inception cohort study of health outcomes following mild to moderate RTI conducted in New South Wales, Australia. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken at approximately 12 or 24 months after injury. Content analysis was used to code and analyse the data, with methodological rigour obtained by double-coding and discussing findings to reach consensus. Results were reported using the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). Results: Nineteen participants were invited to participate in the study of which 12 completed interviews. Data saturation was reached at the twelfth interview. Recovery experiences were diverse. Five main themes were identified: recovery is regaining independence; injury and disability in older age; the burden of non-obvious disability; the importance of support; and positive personal approaches. Key facilitators of recovery were: regaining independence; support from family and friends; and positive personal approaches. Key barriers were: threats to independence; passive coping behaviours; non-obvious disabilities (chronic pain, psychological impacts); and for some, a reluctance to raise ongoing issues with General Practitioners. Threats to independence, especially not driving and self-care, appeared to have a more profound effect on recovery than physical functioning.Conclusion: Older people view injury as a threat to independent functioning. This is somewhat different to what younger people report. Regaining independence is key to older people’s recovery and health-related quality of life following RTI, and should be a key consideration for health professionals, services and supports working with this unique cohort. Greater efforts to help older people regain their independence following RTI are needed and can be facilitated by health professionals and appropriate service provision.
The performance of Cu2+ as dissolved cathodic electron-shuttle mediator for Cr6+ reduction in the microbial fuel cell
Authors: Gangadharan Praveena , Nambi Indumathi M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The study investigates the performance of Cu2+ as dissolved cathodic electron-shuttle mediator (dcESM) for simultaneous Cr6+ reduction and electricity generation in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) at pH 2 and 4 conditions. The dcESM behavior of Cu2+ on carbon cloth (CC) catalyzes the reduction of Cr6+ into Cr3+ at pH 2 by undergoing redox reactions. However, at pH 4, a simultaneous reduction of Cu2+ and Cr6+ was observed. Cyclic voltammetry studies were performed at pH 2 and 4 to probe the dcESM behavior of Cu2+ for Cr6+ reduction on CC electrode. Also, at pH 2, increasing the concentration of Cu2+ from 50 to 500 mg L-1 favors the Cr6+ reduction by reducing the reaction time from 108 to 48 h and improving the current production from 3.9 to 6.2 mA m-2, respectively. Nevertheless, at pH 4, the efficacy of Cr6+ reduction and electricity generation from MFC is decreased from 63 to 18% and 4.4 to 1.1 mA m-2, respectively, by increasing the Cu2+ concentration from 50 to 500 mg L-1. Furthermore, the performance of dcESM behavior of Cu2+ was explored on carbon felt (CF) and platinum (Pt) electrodes, and compare the results with CC. In MFC, at pH 2, with an initial concentration of 100 mg L-1, the reduction of Cr6+ in 60 h is 9.6 mg L-1 for CC, 0.2 mg L-1 for CF, and 51.3 mg L-1 for Pt cathodes. The reduction of Cr6+ (initial concentration of 100 mg L-1) at pH 4 in 120 h is 44.7 mg L-1 for CC, 32.1 mg L-1 for CF, and 70.9 mg L-1 for Pt cathodes. Maximum power densities of 1659, 1509, and 1284 mW m-2 were achieved when CF, CC, and Pt, respectively were employed as cathodes in the MFC.
Identification and Characterization of the Bacteriocin Carocin S3 from the Multiple Bacteriocin Producing Strain of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
Authors: Wang Jyun-Wei , Derilo Reymund Callanga , Lagitnay Ruchi Briam James , Wu Huang-Pin , Chen Kai-In , Chuang Duen-Yau 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family which causes soft-rot disease in numerous plants worldwide resulting in significant economic losses.Results from our previous studies showed that the strain H-rif-8-6 produces low-molecular-weight bacteriocin (LMWB) Carocin S1. Interestingly, TH22-10, the caroS1K:Tn5 insertional mutant in H-rif-8-6, loses Carocin S1 producing ability, but still produces other LMWBs which can be detected by using the indicator strain SP33. The SP33 is one of the many strains that are sensitive toward the cytotoxic effects of Carocin S3K, but not Carocin S1. The result revealed that H-rif-8-6 is a multiple-bacteriocin producing strain. Results: In this study, a 4.1-kb DNA fragment was isolated from the chromosomal DNA of Pcc strain, H-rif-8-6, by a DNA probe using the caroS1K gene as the template. DNA sequencing and analysis by GenBank revealed two complete open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 and ORF2, which were identified within the sequence fragment. ORF1 and ORF2, similar to the identified Carocin S2 genes, encode the killer (Carocin S3K) and the immunity (Carocin S3I) proteins, respectively, which were homologous to the colicin E3 gene. Carocin S3K and Carocin S3I were expressed, isolated, and purified in Escherichia coli BL21 after subcloning of the expression plasmid pGS3KI or pGSK3I. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the relative masses of Carocin S3K and Carocin S3I were 95.6 kDa and 10.2 kDa, respectively. The results reveal that Carocin S3K has higher antimicrobial and specific antimicrobial activities for Pcc along with a nuclease activity than Carocin S3I. However, Carocin S3I inhibits the activity of Carocin S3K. Interestingly, high concentration of Carocin S3I protein is also a DNA nuclease, and its activity is also inhibited by Carocin S3K.Conclusion: This study showed that another type of bacteriocin was found in Pectobacterium carotovorum. This new type of bacteriocin, Carocin S3, has the killer protein, Carocin S3K, and the immunity protein, Carocin S3I.