bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quickscan pest risk analysis for the Meloidogyne mali
Authors: Pylypenko L.A. 
Published: September 2020

A quickscan pest risk analysis for the apple root-knot nematode Meloidogyne mali for the territory of Ukraine was performed. This assessment was initiated in response to the recent (2012/2013) interception of the apple root-knot nematode in the Netherlands and Italy and because of the species inclusion on the EPPO Alert List in 2014. The risk of M. mali introduction, establishment and economic impact in Ukraine was assessed as likely, which proved the need for specific statutory actions to be taken to prevent ingress of the apple root-knot nematode and mitigate its effects in Ukraine. It is stated that the detailed pest risk analysis is required.
Faktor-Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan dari Keluarga Petani di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gunung Labu Kabupaten Kerinci
Authors: Asparian Asparian , Setiana Enda , Wisudariani Evy 
Published: September 2020

Background : Stunting is a state of height index according to age under -2 SD according to WHO standards. Nutrition problems in farmers can occur due to poverty which is the root of nutrition problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months from farming families in the Gunung Labu Primary Health Care in Kerinci Regency. Method :The design of this study was cross sectional. The total population in this study was 1,422 toddlers, while the sample in this study was 98 toddlers from farming families. Analysis used the Chi-Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression. Result :This study found the prevalence of stunting in infants 32.34%. Factors related to the incidence of stunting in infants were household level food security and mother's education level. The most dominant factor related to the incidence of stunting in infants was household-level food security (OR = 4,722; 95% CI = 1,599-13,941). Households ware encouraged to use home yards as a place to meet food needs and provide a variety of foods and balanced nutrition for infants so that nutritional needs can be met.
Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Pepaya California (Carica Papaya L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus Sanguis Secara In Vitro
Authors: Anandasmara Fitra , Lokanata Shieny , Novelya Novelya 
Published: September 2020

Masalah kesehatan gigi selalu memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan bagi kesehatan dan kesejahteraan individu. Peningkatan kebersihan mulut merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk dievaluasi di masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan tingginya penyebaran penyakit infeksi. Hal ini sudah menjadi polemik kesehatan yang masih menjadi tugas besar bagi dunia kesehatan. Maka dari itu banyak peneliti tertarik untuk memanfaakan bahan alami sebagai alternatif selain antibiotik yang jauh lebih aman dari bahan kimia. Bahan alami juga lebih mudah untuk didapatkan dengan harga yang relatif terjangkau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun pepaya California terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus sanguis. Ekstrak daun pepaya california diekstrak dengan metode maserasi dan dibagi menjadi beberapa konsentrasi yaitu 40%, 60% dan 80%. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji efektivitas antibakteri dengan metode disc diffusion (Tes Kirby-Bauer). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik one way ANOVA menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p=0.0000 (p<0.05) terhadap ketiga kelompok konsentrasi dari ekstrak. Hal ini berarti rata-rata diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun pepaya California di semua konsentrasi, yaitu 40%, 60%, dan 80%, ada perbedaan secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus sanguis dimana rata-rata diameter zona hambat ketiga kelompok tersebut adalah 8,67±0,2160 mm, 9,85±0,1643 mm, 10,58±0,1941 mm. Sebagai kesimpulan, ekstrak daun pepaya dengan konsentrasi 80% terbukti menunjukkan daya hambat yang paling tinggi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus sanguis.
PROFIL AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI DUA JENIS EKSTRAK DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (TEN) STEENIS) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Kunti Mulangsri Dewi Andini 
Published: September 2020

Bakteri S. epidermidis berpotensi penyebab jerawat dari fisiopatologinya. Ekstrak daun binahong mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tanin yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Purifikasi dilakukan untuk menghilangkan komponen yang dianggap sebagai pengganggu dalam aktivitas farmakologisnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak terpurifikasi daun binahong terhadap bakteri S. epidermidis. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak etanol daun binahong kemudian dipurifikasi dengan pelarut n-heksan. Ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak terpurifikasi daun binahong diuji aktivitas antibakteri pada bakteri S. epidermidis dengan metode difusi agar. Ekstrak terpurifikasi daun binahong pada konsentrasi 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, dan 45% berturut turut diperoleh diameter daerah hambat sebesar 7,78 mm; 8,28 mm; 8,61 mm; 9,78 mm dan 10,88 mm. Ekstrak etanol daun binahong baru memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada konsentasi 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, dan 90% berturut turut diperoleh diameter daerah hambat sebesar 7,17 mm; 7,46 mm; 7,79 mm; 8,65 mm dan 9,56 mm. Ekstrak terpurifikasi daun binahong memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih baik dari pada ekstrak etanol daun binahong. Konsentrasi ekstrak terpurifikasi daun binahong yang dibutuhkan lebih kecil dari ekstrak etanol daun binahong dalam memberikan aktivitas antibakteri.
kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol; Ekstrak Terpurifikasi; Daun Binahong; Profil aktivitas antibakteri; Staphylococcus epidermidis
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight] Walp) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia Coli
Authors: Utami Putra Rahmadea 
Published: September 2020

Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri yang berperan sebagai flora normal di tubuh manusia. Jika melebihi batas tertentu, kedua bakteri ini dapat menjadi patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya hambat yang dihasilkan ekstrak daun salam terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen laboratorium dengan metode difusi cakram kirby bauer. Daya hambat diperoleh berdasarkan pengukuran zona bening yang terbentuk di sekitar kertas cakram menggunakan jangka sorong. Percobaan dilakukan tiga kali pengulangan dengan kontrol positif yaitu antibotik ciprofloxaxin serta kontrol negatif aquadest dan di dapatkan rata-rata hasil pada konsentrasi 25 % yaitu 14 mm, pada konsentrasi 50 % yaitu 16 mg, dan konsentrasi 75 % yaitu 20 mm. Sedangkan pada kontrol positif di dapatkan hasil rata-rata daya hambat yaitu 31 mm dan pada kontrol negatif 0 mm. Hasil dari uji daya hambat ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight] Walp) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli lebih kecil dibandingkan kontrol positif (Ciprofloxaxin).
Tingkat Pengetahuan Kader tentang Posyandu di Puskesmas Temindung Kota Samarinda
Authors: Ola Fransiska Keron Ola 
Published: September 2020

Community health workers are selected by the community from community members who are willing to voluntarily be able to help and have time to organize basic health service activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge community health workers in basic health service the health centers in Temindung, Samarinda. The research subjects of community health workers were 32 people who were on duty in basic health service activities in 10 basic health service centers in Temindung Samarinda. Measuring the level of knowledge of community health workers using a questionnaire. Percentage analysis to determine the level of knowledge about basic health service. Most community health workers are chosen directly with the essential requirements of being able to read, write and be friendly and voluntarily help and be in their community. Although their knowledge of basic health services is still low with 87.5% of basic health service. Knowledge of community health workers is still low Even though their knowledge is lacking, they still do health services at basic health services once a month. Basic health services are an important part of health services in the community, especially helping health workers in public health services to the community, but so they are expected to get training in basic health services to improve the Indonesian health republic's work program
PERIPHERAL GENRES OF CHUVASH LITERATURE: TESTAMENT
Authors: Геворкян Валентина Владимировна , Фомин Эдуард Валентинович , Чернова Лия Васильевна , Якимова Екатерина Романовна 
Published: September 2020

Работа посвящена осмыслению завещания как жанра чувашской художественной литературы в историческом аспекте. Анализируемые в статье тексты входят в состав классической чувашской словесности. Им посвящено значительное число научных работ, однако пока еще данные произведения не становились объектом специального рассмотрения с точки зрения жанровой специфики, которая выделяет их в одно целое. Основу завещания в первую очередь составляют инолитературные аналоги и затем - фольклорные тексты (благословения и собственно предсмертные завещания). В литературе чаще встречаются эпизоды, описывающие акт духовного завещания, в частности, в произведениях П. Хузангая, В. Митты, Е. Лисиной, но сам жанр за всю историю современной письменной культуры чувашского народа в чистом виде был реализован лишь считанное количество раз - в виде завещания чувашскому народу просветителя И. Я. Яковлева и стихотворения «Как умру…» М. Сеспеля. Отличительными чертами завещания как жанра являются императивность и высокий пафос, формируемые особыми условиями создания завещательных текстов в ожидании скорой кончины. Остальные параметры носят идиостилевой характер и варьируются в широких пределах - достаточно сказать, что имеющиеся в чувашской литературе завещания написаны в разных формах: эпической и лирической.
The work is devoted to understanding the testament as a genre of the Chuvash fiction in historical perspective. The authors analyzed the texts of the Chuvash classical literature. A significant number of scientific works has been devoted to the texts of the Chuvash classical literature. However, those texts have never been investigated from the point of view of genre specificity, which distinguishes them as a whole. The testamentis primarily based on analogue ethnic literature and also on folklore texts (blessings and testaments as such). The most frequent episodes describing the testament are in the works of P. Khuzangay, V. Mitta, E. Lisina. Nevertheless, the genre itself in its pure form was implemented only a few times in the entire history of the modern written culture of the Chuvash people:in the testament to the Chuvash people by I. Yakovlev and the poem «When I die ...» by M. Sespel. The distinguishing features of the testament as a genre are the imperative and high pathos, due to the peculiar conditions for creating the texts of the testament in anticipation of impending death. Otherfeatures are individual and vary widely. The testaments in the Chuvash literature are written in different forms: epic and lyrical.
PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH HEADLINES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN
Authors: Мозжегорова Елена Николаевна , Засецкова Елена Николаевна 
Published: September 2020

Настоящая статья посвящена исследованию проблемы перевода англоязычного заголовка на русский язык с целью выявления его особенностей и привлекаемых переводческих приемов. Авторами подчеркивается актуальность проведенного исследования ввиду растущей потребности быстрого и качественного перевода публицистических текстов и собственно заголовков как ключевого элемента публикации. В работе приводятся определения понятия «заголовок»; выделяются его функции; подчеркивается противоречивый характер заголовка: он может выступать как самостоятельная речевая единица и как равноправный элемент произведения; раскрываются особенности англоязычного заголовка, а также особенности газетно-информационного стиля современного английского языка. Авторы подробно рассматривают переводческие трансформации, привлекаемые для перевода англоязычных заголовков на русский язык, на примере заголовков периодических изданий Великобритании и США. На основе сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа текстов оригинала и перевода авторам удалось выявить лексические, грамматические и стилистические особенности, используемые в англоязычных газетных изданиях. В статье отмечается ключевая роль заголовка в произведении, а также факт особой ответственности в части перевода данного элемента произведения, поскольку именно корректно составленный и переведенный заголовок обеспечивает привлекательность и конкурентоспособность публикации в целом.
The article is devoted to the problem of translation of English headlines into Russian to identify headline peculiarities and employed translation shifts. The authors stress the relevance of the conducted study due to the growing need for quick and high quality translation of social-political texts and headlines playing a key role in them. The paper provides a number of definitions for the term «headline»; points out the functions of the headline; stresses the controversial character of the headline: on the one hand, it is an independent speech unit, and on the other hand, it can be treated as an equal element of a text; identifies the peculiarities of English headlines as well as the peculiarities of the newspaper style of the modern English language. The authors look into the translation transformations employed when translating English headlines into Russian as exemplified by the British and American periodicals. Basing on the comparative analysis of the source texts and translations, the authors managed to identify some lexical, grammar, and stylistic peculiarities employed in the English newspapers. The article also notes the key role of the headline and the significance of its translation since it is a correctly composed and then translated headline which provides the attractiveness and competitiveness of a published work.
Spectral Diagnostics of Solar Photospheric Bright Points
Authors: Hao Q. , Fang C. , Ding M. D. , Li Z. , Cao Wenda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Through the use of the high-resolution spectral data and the broadband imaging obtained with the Goode Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory on 2013 June 6, the spectra of three typical photospheric bright points (PBPs) have been analyzed. Based on the Hα and Ca ii 8542 Å line profiles, as well as the TiO continuum emission, for the first time, the non-LTE semiempirical atmospheric models for the PBPs are computed. The attractive characteristic is the temperature enhancement in the lower photosphere. The temperature enhancement is about 200–500 K at the same column mass density as in the atmospheric model of the quiet-Sun. The total excess radiative energy of a typical PBP is estimated to be 1 × 1027–2 × 1027 erg, which can be regarded as the lower limit energy of the PBPs. The radiation flux in the visible continuum for the PBPs is about 5.5 × 1010 erg cm−2 s−1. Our result also indicates that the temperature in the atmosphere above PBPs is close to that of a plage. It gives clear evidence that PBPs may contribute significantly to the heating of the plage atmosphere. Using our semiempirical atmospheric models, we estimate self-consistently the average magnetic flux density B in the PBPs. It is shown that the maximum value is about 1 kG, and it decreases toward both higher and lower layers, reminding us of the structure of a flux tube between photospheric granules.
Magnetic Flux of Active Regions Determining the Eruptive Character of Large Solar Flares
Authors: Li Ting , Hou Yijun , Yang Shuhong , Zhang Jun , Liu Lijuan , Veronig Astrid M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We establish the largest eruptive/confined flare database to date and analyze 322 flares of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite class M1.0 and larger that occurred during 2010–2019, i.e., almost spanning all of solar cycle 24. We find that the total unsigned magnetic flux (

) of active regions (ARs) is a key parameter governing the eruptive character of large flares, with the proportion of eruptive flares exhibiting a strong anticorrelation with

. This means that an AR containing a large magnetic flux has a lower probability that the large flares it produces will be associated with a coronal mass ejection (CME). This finding is supported by the high positive correlation we obtained between the critical decay index height and

, implying that ARs with a larger

have a stronger magnetic confinement. Moreover, the confined flares originating from ARs larger than

Mx have several characteristics in common: stable filament, slipping magnetic reconnection, and strongly sheared post-flare loops. Our findings reveal new relations between the magnetic flux of ARs and the occurrence of CMEs in association with large flares. The relations obtained here provide quantitative criteria for forecasting CMEs and adverse space weather, and have important implications for “superflares” on solar-type stars and stellar CMEs.
On the Diversity of Jet Production Efficiency in Swift/BAT AGNs
Authors: Rusinek Katarzyna , Sikora Marek , Kozieł-Wierzbowska Dorota , Gupta Maitrayee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We address the very large diversity of jet production efficiency in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by using data on low-redshift AGNs selected from the Swift/BAT catalog and having black hole (BH) masses larger than 108.5
M
⊙. Most of these AGNs accrete at intermediate rates and have bolometric luminosities dominated by mid-IR radiation. Our sample contains 14% radio-loud (RL), 6% radio-intermediate, and 80% radio-quiet (RQ) AGNs. All RL objects are found to have extended radio structures, and most of them have classical FR II morphology. Converting their radio loudness to jet production efficiency, we find that the median of this efficiency is on the order of (ϵ

d
/0.1)%, where

is the radiation efficiency of the accretion disk. Without knowing the contribution of jets to the radio emission in RQ AGNs, we are only able to estimate their efficiencies using upper limits. Their median is found to be 0.002(ϵ

d
/0.1)%. Our results suggest that some threshold conditions must be satisfied to allow the production of strong, relativistic jets in RL AGNs. We discuss several possible scenarios and argue that the production of collimated, relativistic jets must involve the Blandford–Znajek mechanism and can be activated only in those AGNs whose lifetime is longer than the time required to enter the magnetically arrested disk (MAD). Presuming that MAD is required to collimate relativistic jets, we expect that the weak nonrelativistic jets observed in some RQ AGNs are produced by accretion disks rather than by rotating BHs.
Chandra Survey of Nearby Galaxies: An Extended Catalog
Authors: Bi Sheng , Feng Hua , Ho Luis C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
She et al. (Paper I) assembled a catalog of nearby galaxies observed with the Chandra X-ray observatory, by cross-matching galaxies in the NASA Extragalactic Database within 50 Mpc and the Chandra archive. That sample has enabled searches of low-mass black holes associated with late-type, bulgeless galaxies and studies of the accretion physics related to low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using a similar approach, here we construct an extended catalog up to 150 Mpc and make a cross-correlation with a catalog of nearby galaxy groups. The new catalog consists of 1964 galaxies, out of which 1692 have a redshift-independent distance, 1557 are listed in the galaxy group catalog with group properties available, and 782 are identified to be X-ray AGN candidates. Compared with the AGN sample in Paper I, the new sample is 2.5 times larger in size (782 versus 314), with ∼80% of the new members having an Eddington ratio less than 10−4. We confirm that the conclusions based on the previous sample remain. With the new sample, we compare AGN fractions between early-type and late-type galaxies, and between central and satellite galaxies in groups, and find no significant difference. This suggests that the secular process is not the dominant mechanism feeding AGNs in the local universe.
Near-horizon Structure of Escape Zones of Electrically Charged Particles around Weakly Magnetized Rotating Black Hole. II. Acceleration and Escape in the Oblique Magnetosphere
Authors: Kopáček Ondřej , Karas Vladimír 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Strong gravity and magnetic fields are key ingredients that power processes of accretion and ejection near compact objects. While the particular mechanisms that operate here are still discussed, it seems that the presence of an ordered magnetic field is crucial for the acceleration and collimation of relativistic jets of electrically charged particles on superhorizon length scales. In this context, we further study the effect of a large-scale magnetic field on the dynamics of charged particles near a rotating black hole. We consider a scenario in which the initially neutral particles on regular geodesic orbits in the equatorial plane are destabilized by a charging process (e.g., photoionization). Some charged particles are accelerated out of the equatorial plane, and they follow jetlike trajectories with relativistic velocities. In our previous paper, we investigated this scenario for the case of perfect alignment of the magnetic field with the axis of rotation; i.e., the system was considered axisymmetric. Here we relax this assumption and investigate nonaxisymmetric systems in which the magnetic field is arbitrarily inclined with respect to the black hole spin. We study the system numerically in order to locate the zones of escaping trajectories and compute the maximum (terminal) escape velocity. It appears that breaking the axial symmetry (even by small inclination angles) substantially increases the fraction of escaping orbits and allows the acceleration to ultrarelativistic velocities that were excluded in the axisymmetric setup. The presence of transient chaotic dynamics in the launching region of the relativistic outflow is confirmed with chaotic indicators.
Phase-resolved Analyses of Millihertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations in 4U 1636-53 using the Hilbert–Huang Transform
Authors: Hsieh Hung-En , Chou Yi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present phase-resolved spectroscopy based on the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) for millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations (mHz QPOs) in 4U 1636-53. The ∼8 mHz QPO can be detected approximately several thousand seconds before a type-I X-ray burst. It has been interpreted as marginally stable burning on the neutron-star surface. In this study, we use the HHT to analyze the data collected by XMM-Newton between 2007 and 2009. The HHT is a powerful tool that enables us to obtain instantaneous frequency, amplitude, and phase of phenomena with nonstationary periodicity, such as QPOs. With well-defined phases, the oscillation profile of the ∼8 mHz QPO for 4U 1636-53 can be precisely revealed. In addition to the oscillation profile, phase-resolved spectra for the complete cycle are constructed. From the correlation between spectral parameters and fluxes, we find that the oscillation is mainly attributed to variations in the area emitting blackbody radiation in three out of four observations with mHz QPO detections, whereas the other one shows a concurrent variation of temperature and flux with a constant emitting area. Although the cause of the difference is not clear, it might be related to the spectral state of the source that can be observed from a hard color difference in the color–color diagram.