bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypolipidemic and Hepatoprotective Effect of Linum usitatissimum and Moringa oleifera Seeds in Diabetic Induced Damage in Rats
Authors: Sahoo Nitu , Bishi Dillip Kumar , Srivastava Vartika , Pattanayak Chaitali , Sarkar Sougata 
Published: December 2024

Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and a fast-growing global problem. Studies have shown that Linum usitatissimum has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that decrease blood sugar and cholesterol levels, and Moringa oleifera possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects. Hence, this study investigated both extracts’ hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects on diabetes. Purpose To study the improvement in glucose level, lipid levels (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein) and hepatic parameters after giving L. usitatissimum and M. oleifera seed extract combination in diabetic rats. Methods A total of 36 healthy male Wistar rats were taken and divided into six groups (groups I–VI). Diabetes was induced by administering a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in overnight fasted rats. The mixture of aqueous extract of L. usitatissimum and M. oleifera seeds was prepared and given to rats of groups IV–VI daily for 4 weeks. After 28 days, the blood sample was collected from all the rats, and biochemical parameters were determined. Results All the values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Significant decreases in lipid levels, urea, creatinine and liver function tests were seen at the end of 1 month in all the three groups receiving the extract. Conclusion From our study, it was found that the administration of L. usitatissimum and M. oleifera seeds extract possesses excellent hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective properties, making them effective in preventing long-term complications of diabetes.
Relationship between perceived social support, mental adjustment to cancer, and depression among patients with breast cancer
Authors: Panda Tushar Kanta , Swami Mukesh Kumar , Suthar Navratan , Pareek Puneet , Vishnoi Jeewan Ram , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: December 2024

Objective Psychological morbidity is common among patients with breast cancer. The present study aimed to find the relationship between modifiable determinants, that is, perceived social support (PSS) and mental adjustment to cancer (reflecting coping) with depression in patients with breast cancer. Methods A total of 76 adult patients with breast cancer undergoing treatment at a tertiary care hospital were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Patients were diagnosed for depression as per ICD-10 criteria. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used for assessing the severity of depression. PSS and coping style were assessed using the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support and Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale. We analyzed the data using Fisher exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman’s correlation, logistic regression, and mediation analysis. Results 26.3% patients had depression. The logistic regression showed that PSS is a significant predictor of the occurrence of depression in patients with breast cancer (OR = 0.793, 95% CI: 0.634–0.992). The mediation analysis showed that hopelessness-helplessness (a maladaptive subscale) mediates the effects of PSS on depression. Conclusion The effect of PSS on the occurrence of depression is mediated through maladaptive coping (hopelessness-helplessness). Accessing these factors can provide an important avenue for psychological intervention in breast cancer patients.
Age-related differences on low back pain and lower extremity isokinetic muscle strength and balance
Authors: Genç Hazal , Demircioğlu Gamze 
Published: December 2024

Background:  Given the growing population of the elderly, understanding how aging impacts pain, muscle strength, and balance, especially in individuals with chronic low back pain, is imperative. Objective:  This study aims to investigate age-related differences in lower extremity muscle strength and balance in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods:  In this cross-sectional study, 110 people with chronic low back pain were divided into two age groups (Group 1, age: 29.89 ± 6.82, Group 2, age: 51.42 ± 6.33). Both groups used Oswestry for low back pain and disability assessment, isokinetic device for muscle strength, and Biodex Balance System for balance assessment. Results:  There were no significant differences between groups in terms of pain (p = 0.426) or disability (p = 0.056). In contrast, significant differences were observed in isokinetic muscle strength: peak torque for the dominant side at 60°/s for quadriceps (p = 0.003) and hamstring (p = 0.007), and at 180°/s for hamstring (p = 0.012) and quadriceps (p = 0.011). The balance assessment revealed significant differences in fall risk (p = 0.004) and postural stability (p = 0.006) variables. The most significant regression association was found between dominant side 60°/s quadriceps and fall risk variables across age groups. Conclusion:  Understanding age-related differences in muscle strength and balance among patients with chronic low back pain is critical. Customizing rehabilitation interventions improves efficacy and quality of life. Further research is necessary to optimize clinical approaches and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Ultrasonographic characteristics of the shoulder in patients with shoulder pain: A retrospective study comparing younger and older age groups
Authors: Vongviboonchai Apichai , Saengsuwan Jittima , Sirasaporn Patpiya 
Published: December 2024

Background Shoulder pain can be caused by structures within the shoulder joint or external structure to shoulder and the prevalence of shoulder pain is high. Objective The purpose was to investigate the ultrasonographic characteristics of patients with shoulder pain and to study the association between age groups (less than 60 years vs. 60 years and above) and commonly found abnormal ultrasonographic findings. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 253 patients experiencing shoulder pain over a month. Data included gender, age, side of pain, pain duration, painful area, previous treatments, clinical assessment of shoulder pain. The abnormal findings in shoulder ultrasound images were reported, and the association between age group with common ultrasound abnormalities were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results Common abnormal ultrasound findings included subdeltoid bursitis (82.7%), biceps tendon effusion (48.7%), and supraspinatus tendinosis (44.2%). Moreover, patients aged 60 years and above had a significantly higher prevalence of biceps tendon effusion (53.6% vs 36.0%), supraspinatus tendon tear (19.3% vs 8.6%) and subscapularis tendon tear (6.1% vs 1.4%) compared to those aged less than 60 years. Conclusion The common abnormal ultrasound findings in patients with shoulder pain were subdeltoid bursitis, biceps tendon effusion and supraspinatus tendinosis. Patients aged 60 years and above had a significantly higher prevalence of biceps tendon effusion and tears in the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons.
Time-dependent changes in the stiffness of the neck extensor muscles with prolonged sitting and the effect of exercise
Authors: Nitta Asami , Aoki Mitsuhiro , Okino Kumiko , Yamane Masahiro , Kataoka Yoshiaki , Kohmura Chikashi 
Published: December 2024

Background Neck and shoulder exercises are recommended to improve Neck and Shoulder Pain (NSP). However, it is unclear why exercises for the neck and shoulder improve NSP, and methods for evaluating the effects of these exercises have not been clear. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate time-dependent changes in stiffness of the neck extensor muscles due to prolonged sitting and the effect of exercise. Methods Twenty-five healthy adult women sat with their hands on a desk for 90 min looking at a computer screen and then performed neck and shoulder exercise. Shear wave velocities (SWV) of the neck extensor muscles (the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and splenius capitis muscles) were measured at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min after the start of sitting and after the exercise. At the same time, changes in NSP were recorded. Results During prolonged sitting, SWV in the upper trapezius increased significantly with time (p < 0.001). Neck and shoulder exercise significantly decreased SWV and NSP (p < 0.001). Conclusions The results of this study revealed objective changes in neck muscle stiffness by prolonged sitting. Neck and shoulder exercise may reduce muscle stiffness and contribute to relieve NSP.
Exploring Nurses’ Perceptions of Nursing Presence in the Mental Health Setting
Authors: Scharfman Joy 
Published: December 2024

Background Nursing presence is a core relational phenomenon in nursing. It is the process of devoting attention to being with and connecting with another, requisite to providing quality, holistic, person-centered care. Presence has been incorporated in the newly revised scope and standards of nursing, as an intervention. There is a paucity of research on the experience of nurses practicing in mental health settings who employ presence to provide unique, relational care. Aims The aim of this research is to understand the lived experience of nurses providing nursing care and engaging with presence in the mental health setting. Methods The tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology proposed by Heidegger and Gadamer were used to guide this inquiry. Twelve nurses practicing mental health were interviewed on Zoom using a semistructured interview guide and the interview time ranged from 45 min to 1 hr. Data were analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) process outlined by Smith et al. Results Four themes are identified: A powerful intervention which fuels healing, Building the bridge, Transcending barriers, and Preserving the well. Conclusions Nursing presence is implicated as essential to improving the quality of holistic health care, positively impacting patients and nurses. These findings may influence nursing leaders, educators, and administrators to incorporate nursing presence in nursing curricula, develop policies respecting presence, and alter the culture of the health care environment.
Parents’ Role as Care Managers During and After Adolescent Suicide Crises
Authors: Weissinger Guy M. , Bluteau-James Voulda A. , Mensinger Janell L. 
Published: December 2024

Background Adolescent suicide crises usually require mental health services (inpatient and/or outpatient) to address their needs. Navigating the health care system, especially around suicide crises, is difficult and parents of adolescents usually manage their treatment access and engagement. Little research has examined how parents take on this care management role, vital to maintaining safety and improving adolescent menta health, and the barriers and facilitators they experience in these processes. Aims To explore parents’ experiences around adolescent suicide crises, with a focus on care management and barriers/facilitators to this role. Methods Interviews were conducted with 18 parents of adolescents in the United States who had suicide crises in the previous 3 years. Using a family-systems lens and thematic analysis, researchers identified three themes and three subthemes. Results Relevant themes and subthemes were Care Manager Role Transition (subtheme: Home Safety); Barriers after Barriers (subthemes: Logistical and System Barriers; Poor Communication); and Facilitating Engagement. Parents had a sudden transition to the role of care manager during the adolescent’s suicide crisis. They experienced difficulty in managing safety and navigating health care systems. Parents of adolescents with eating disorders had more difficulty in navigating systems and managing safety. Conclusions Policies and clinical practice must recognize the role and value of parents as care managers of adolescent’s mental health services, especially around transitions out of acute care settings. Psychiatric nurses are well positioned to assist parents with this role transition so that parents can better support adolescents during and after suicide crises.
Ocular manifestations of West Nile virus infection: A case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ruiz-Lozano Raul E , Zafar Sidra , Berkenstock Meghan K , Liberman Paulina 
Published: December 2024

Purpose To report the case of a patient with ocular West Nile virus infection (WNVI) and to describe the demographics, eye characteristics, and treatment of patients with WNVI reported in the literature. Methods Systematic literature search using the PubMed MEDLINE database searching for all cases of ocular WNVI published from inception until October 14, 2023. Inclusion criteria were patients with serologic and/or cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis of WNVI with ocular involvement. Results A total of 60 patients (111 eyes), including the present case, were included. Most patients were males (57%), diagnosed in the United States (77%), and with a mean age at presentation of 54 years. The median time elapsed between the viral prodrome, and eye symptoms was 7 days. Neurologic involvement was present in 47 (78%) patients. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent systemic comorbidity (45%). Posterior segment findings were present in 107 (96%) eyes. Multifocal chorioretinal lesions (86%), vitreous inflammation (51%), intraretinal hemorrhages (43%), and retinal vasculitis (21%) were the most frequent findings. Fluorescein angiography was performed in 88 (79%) eyes. Fifty-seven (51%) eyes did not receive treatment. Topical and systemic steroids were prescribed to 35% and 28% of eyes, respectively. Conclusion WNVI should be considered as a potential diagnosis in older patients who exhibit posterior uveitis, especially if they have recently experienced flu-like symptoms and have been exposed to mosquitoes. A comprehensive ocular assessment, which includes a dilated fundus examination and ocular imaging studies, can help raise suspicion for this condition even before serological confirmation is obtained.
Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab Biosimilar (Encoda) Compared With Reference Bevacizumab (Avastin) in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter, Real-World Study
Authors: Shan Han , Wang Mengmeng , Huang Shuohan , Liu Hongyue , Liu Jiyong , Du Qiong 
Published: December 2024

Background: The bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda), which was approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in China in 2019, is a biosimilar of bevacizumab. Approval of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) was based on the extrapolation principle of biosimilar. However, there is currently no available data regarding the efficacy and safety of both bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and bevacizumab in patients with mCRC. Methods: The present real-world study included patients with mCRC who received first-line therapy with either bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) or bevacizumab combined with backbone chemotherapy between April 2021 and December 2022. The overall response rate (ORR) was the primary endpoint of the study. Bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) would be considered equivalent to bevacizumab if it met any of the following criteria: the 90% CI for ORR risk ratio of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda): bevacizumab was included within the predefined equivalence range (0.75 to 1.33) as specified by the NMPA or within the predefined equivalence range (0.73 to 1.36) as specified by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); the 95% CI for the ORR risk difference of 2 groups was included within the predefined equivalence range (−0.12 to 0.15) as specified by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Results: The study included a total of 436 patients, with 234 receiving bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and 202 receiving bevacizumab. The ORR was 42.3% (95% CI: 35.9% to 48.9%) in the bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) group and 42.1% (95% CI: 35.2% to 49.2%) in the bevacizumab group. The ORR risk ratio and risk difference were 1.005 (90% CI: 0.836 to 1.210) and 0.002 (95% CI: −0.091 to 0.095), respectively, both included within the prespecified equivalence range. The overall safety profile was comparable between the 2 groups. Conclusions: This real-world study is the first to demonstrate the efficacy equivalence of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and bevacizumab in first-line treatment of mCRC.
Inhibition processing in code-switching among Chinese–English–Japanese trilinguals: Evidence from the n–2 language repetition costs
Authors: Zhong Zilong , Fan Lin , Zhang Xiaokun , Jiang Jiaxing , Yang Hui 
Published: December 2024

Aims and Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate whether there was inhibitory processing in code-switching during language comprehension among Chinese–English–Japanese trilinguals and whether n–2 language repetition costs were contingent upon particular stimulus–response configurations. Methodology: This experiment employed semantic categorization tasks, with non-cognate animal and non-animal words as experimental stimuli, and the n–2 language repetition costs as a discerning experimental indicator, to explore whether there was inhibitory processing in code-switching during language comprehension among Chinese–English–Japanese trilinguals. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of stimulus–response configuration on inhibitory processing during switching between phonetic and logographic writing systems. This approach allowed for a detailed exploration of the cognitive mechanisms underpinning language switching and the factors influencing inhibitory control in multilingual contexts. Data and Analysis: The experimental data collected were analyzed using the R language with the lme4 package. Reaction times were fitted to a linear mixed-effects model, while accuracy was binary coded and fitted to a generalized mixed-effects model with a logistic link function. Findings: The study found that: (1) there were n–2 language repetition costs in Chinese–English–Japanese trilinguals’ code-switching during language comprehension and (2) the n–2 language repetition costs in code-switching processing during language comprehension was not affected by specific stimulus–response configurations but was related to the psychological representation of the competing languages. Originality: There is a lack of research investigating the switching of three language tasks using n–2 language repetition costs as an index. Limited studies employing n–2 language repetition costs as an index have predominantly focused on the level of language production, with language comprehension yet to be examined. In addition, there exists a dearth of research addressing the inhibitory mechanisms involved in the code-switching process between phonetic and logographic writing systems; even more limited attention has been directed toward the intricacies of switching between three non-cognate languages. Significance/Implications: The study reveals the inhibitory processing involved in code-switching between phonetic and logographic writing systems. It extends previous findings concerning the inhibitory processing of code-switching during language production within phonetic languages, providing new insights into the research on code-switching and the n–2 language repetition costs among multilingual individuals.
Continued increasing social inequality in mortality in Denmark – a nationwide register-based follow-up on previous mortality studies
Authors: Brønnum-Hansen Henrik 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Social inequality in mortality has increased in many countries worldwide and does not appear to be levelling off. Denmark is no exception, and the latest developments are presented in this short communication. Methods: Trends in life expectancy and changes in the shape of the age-at-death distribution are calculated from nationwide register data on income and education linked to mortality data. Results: Since 1987, the difference in life expectancy between the lowest and highest income quartiles has increased by 5.4 years for men and by 2.0 years for women. The difference in life expectancy (at age 30) between education groups has also increased. The latest developments indicate a decline in life expectancy for men and women in the lowest income quartile and with the shortest education. Conclusions: Reducing social inequality in health and mortality has been on the agenda for successive Danish governments for more than 20 years, but social inequality in life expectancy is still increasing.
The beneficial effects of swimming training preconditioning on reducing vascular reactivity in chronic myocardial infarction: Independent of NO production
Authors: Ramirez-Hernandez Diana , Lezama-Martinez Diego , Velazco-Bejarano Benjamin , Valencia-Hernandez Ignacio , Lopez-Sanchez Pedro , Fonseca-Coronado Salvador , Flores-Monroy Jazmin 
Published: December 2024

Background There is evidence of the beneficial effects of swimming training (ST) after myocardial infarction (MI) on heart function. However, the actions of ST preconditioning (STP) in MI on vascular function require further research. Objective This work focused on evaluating whether STP has beneficial nitric oxide-mediated effects on cardiovascular function in chronic MI. Methods Four months female Wistar rats were randomized as follows: (1) sham; (2) six weeks left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LADL); (3) LADL + valsartan; (4) ST + LADL. Eight weeks of STP were performed in the ST + LADL group, then LADL was induced on the estrus stage and evolved for six weeks. The LADL + valsartan group was treated a day after surgery, for six weeks. Subsequently, vascular reactivity to Ang II and phenylephrine in aortic rings, quantification of nitric oxide (NO) on serum, heart, and aorta, and echocardiographic parameters were measured. Results ST + LADL reduced both vasoconstrictors reactivity beyond sham values. Ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (SF) decreased in the LADL group vs sham, while ST + LADL and LADL + valsartan remained unchanged. NO levels decreased in LADL + valsartan and ST + LADL groups compared to sham and LADL groups. Conclusion STP in chronic MI improves cardiac function and reduces vascular reactivity through a non-related NO mechanism.