bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an interval rehabilitation program with home-based, vibration-assisted training on the development of muscle and bone in children with cerebral palsy – an observational study
Authors: Duran Ibrahim , Martakis Kyriakos , Stark Christina , Schafmeyer Leonie , Rehberg Mirko , Schoenau Eckhard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In children with cerebral palsy (CP), the most common cause of physical impairment in childhood, less muscle and bone growth has been reported, when compared with typically developing children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intensive rehabilitation program including physiotherapy in combination with 6 months of home-based, vibration-assisted training on muscle and bone growth in children with CP.

Methods
We included children with CP, who participated in a rehabilitation program utilizing whole-body vibration (WBV). Muscle mass was quantified by appendicular lean mass index (App-LMI) and bone mass by total-body-less-head bone mineral content (TBLH-BMC) assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the beginning of rehabilitation and one year later. To assess the functional muscle-bone unit, the relation of TBLH-BMC to TBLH lean body mass (TBLH-LBM) was used.

Results
The study population included 128 children (52 females, mean age 11.9 ± 2.7). App-LMI assessed in kg/m2 increased significantly after rehabilitation. The age-adjusted Z-score for App-LMI showed no significant change. TBLH-BMC assessed in gram increased significantly. The Z-scores for TBLH-BMC decreased lesser than expected by the evaluation of the cross-sectional data at the beginning of rehabilitation. The parameter

T
B
L
H
−
B
M
C

T
B
L
H
−
L
B
M

$\frac{TBLH-BMC}{TBLH-LBM}$

did not change relevantly after 12 months.

Conclusions
Muscle growth and to a lesser extent bone growth could be increased in children with CP. The intensive rehabilitation program including WBV seemed to have no direct effect on the bone, but the observed anabolic effect on the bone, may only been mediated through the muscle.
On-chip nanophotonics and future challenges
Authors: Karabchevsky Alina , Katiyi Aviad , Ang Angeleene S. , Hazan Adir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn-chip nanophotonic devices are a class of devices capable of controlling light on a chip to realize performance advantages over ordinary building blocks of integrated photonics. These ultra-fast and low-power nanoscale optoelectronic devices are aimed at high-performance computing, chemical, and biological sensing technologies, energy-efficient lighting, environmental monitoring and more. They are increasingly becoming an attractive building block in a variety of systems, which is attributed to their unique features of large evanescent field, compactness, and most importantly their ability to be configured according to the required application. This review summarizes recent advances of integrated nanophotonic devices and their demonstrated applications, including but not limited to, mid-infrared and overtone spectroscopy, all-optical processing on a chip, logic gates on a chip, and cryptography on a chip. The reviewed devices open up a new chapter in on-chip nanophotonics and enable the application of optical waveguides in a variety of optical systems, thus are aimed at accelerating the transition of nanophotonics from academia to the industry.
Highly transparent and conductive metal oxide/metal/polymer composite electrodes for high-efficiency flexible organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Li Yun-Fei , Liu Xiaofeng , Feng Jing , Xie Yu , Zhao Fangchao , Zhang Xu-Lin , Pei Qibing , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ultrathin metal films emerge as an innovative category of transparent electrodes in recent decades, holding great promises enabling the next-generation flexible organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Although metal thin films with polymer nucleation inducers have been extensively studied in OLEDs, satisfying the requirements of both superior optoelectrical and high optical outcoupling characteristics is still challenging. Here, we demonstrate a metal oxide/ultrathin Ag/polymer (MAP) composite electrode with low sheet resistance of 15.1 Ω/sq, high transmittance of 87.4% at 550 nm, and smooth morphology with surface roughness of 0.768 nm. Besides, the composite electrodes significantly enhance the outcoupling of the light trapped in OLEDs due to the relatively high-refractive index polymer. Flexible OLEDs with the MAP anodes exhibit over 2.3 times enhancement in efficiency to that of indium tin oxide (ITO)-based OLEDs. The flexible OLEDs can survive 1000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 8 mm with negligible decrease in electroluminescent performance.
Nanolaser-based emulators of spin Hamiltonians
Authors: Parto Midya , Hayenga William E. , Marandi Alireza , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Khajavikhan Mercedeh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFinding the solution to a large category of optimization problems, known as the NP-hard class, requires an exponentially increasing solution time using conventional computers. Lately, there has been intense efforts to develop alternative computational methods capable of addressing such tasks. In this regard, spin Hamiltonians, which originally arose in describing exchange interactions in magnetic materials, have recently been pursued as a powerful computational tool. Along these lines, it has been shown that solving NP-hard problems can be effectively mapped into finding the ground state of certain types of classical spin models. Here, we show that arrays of metallic nanolasers provide an ultra-compact, on-chip platform capable of implementing spin models, including the classical Ising and XY Hamiltonians. Various regimes of behavior including ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, as well as geometric frustration are observed in these structures. Our work paves the way towards nanoscale spin-emulators that enable efficient modeling of large-scale complex networks.
Chemiluminescent carbon nanodots as sensors for hydrogen peroxide and glucose
Authors: Shen Cheng-Long , Zheng Guang-Song , Wu Meng-Yuan , Wei Jian-Yong , Lou Qing , Ye Yang-Li , Liu Zhi-Yi , Zang Jin-Hao , Dong Lin , Shan Chong-Xin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important product generated in the body and related to many pathophysiological processes and glucose metabolism disorder can cause many fatal diseases in living bodies. Therefore, the sensing of H2O2 and glucose is of great significance in disease diagnostics and treatment. Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are one new class of nanoprobes for H2O2 and glucose. Nevertheless, the CD-based sensor is always based on its fluorescence response, which is influenced by the auto-fluorescent interference. Herein, efficient fluorescent CDs were synthesized by one-pot solvothermal method, and the CDs exhibit bright and persistent deep-red (DR) chemiluminescence (CL) in bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate and H2O2 solution with a CL quantum yield of (8.22 ± 0.30) × 10−3, which is amongst the highest values in ever reported nanomaterials for chemical analysis. Employing the CDs as CL nanoprobes, sensitive sensing for H2O2 has been achieved with a detection limit of 11.7 μM, and further for glucose detection with a detection limit of 12.6 μM. The DR CL CDs is promising to be applied in blood glucose analysis or in vivo biosensor.
The crystal structure of acetoximium 1′-hydroxy-1H,1H′-5,5′-bitetrazole-1-olate monohydrate, C5H11N9O4
Authors: Rubian Cao , Lizhen Chen , Jianlong Wang , Luting Wang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C5H11N9O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.4259(5) Å, b = 6.6115(5) Å, c = 21.9579(14) Å, β = 93.073(2)°, V = 1076.50(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0545, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1234, T = 170 K.
Molecular studies for drought tolerance in some Egyptian wheat genotypes under different irrigation systems
Authors: Mansour Hani A. , El Sayed Mohamed Salwa , Lightfoot David A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This research work was carried out to evaluate drought stress for the differentiation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in their ability to tolerate drought. An experiment was carried out on six genotypes (‘Sides 1’, ‘Shindwell 1’, ‘Gemmiza 9’, ‘Sakha 93’, ‘Saheel 1’ and ‘Masr 2’). A randomized complete block design with three replications along two separate tests under the drip and the sprinkler irrigation systems was used in this experiment. One of the irrigation treatments applied the normal amount of irrigation water and the other applied end-season drought stress conditions through two successful agricultural seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The impact on biomass, grain yield and water productivity of the six genotypes was measured. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate genetic variation among the six genotypes. PCR–RAPD analysis showed that there were several differences in both the size and number of bands between the varieties. Based on these markers, genetic similarity coefficients were calculated and a dendrogram was constructed. The dendrogram analysis delineated three major clusters. The current study showed that RAPD markers are useful in the assessment of the genetic diversity among the wheat genotypes. The drip irrigation system gave the highest values of both the biomass and the grain yield for the six genotypes, while the sprinkler irrigation gave the lowest values. Comparing the six genotypes in terms of the biomass, grain yield and water productivity, it was concluded that, the highest water productivity (WP) genotype was Sides 1, except during water stress with the sprinkler irrigation system. It was followed by genotype Sakha 93, then genotype Shindwell 1, while genotype Gemmiza 9 gave the lowest in all cases, except without water stress under drip irrigation.
Water confined in solutions of biological relevance
Authors: Bellissent-Funel Marie-Claire 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn many relevant situations, water is not in its bulk form but instead attached to some substrates or filling some cavities. We shall call water in the latter environment confined water as opposed to bulk water. It is known that the confined water is essential for the stability and the function of biological macromolecules. In this paper, we provide a review of the experimental and computational advances over the past decades concerning the understanding of the structure and dynamics of water confined in aqueous solutions of biological relevance. Examples involving water in solution of organic solutes (cryoprotectants such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sugars such as trehalose) are provided.
Accurate determination of production data of the non-standard positron emitter 86Y via the 86Sr(p,n)-reaction
Authors: Uddin M. Shuza , Scholten Bernhard , Basunia M. Shamsuzzhoha , Sudár Sandor , Spellerberg Stefan , Voyles Andrew S. , Morrell Jonathan T. , Zaneb Haleema , Rios Jesus A. , Spahn Ingo , Bernstein Lee A. , Neumaier Bernd , Qaim Syed M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In view of several significant discrepancies in the excitation function of the 86Sr(p,n)86g+xmY reaction which is the method of choice for the production of the non-standard positron emitter 86Y for theranostic application, we carried out a careful measurement of the cross sections of this reaction from its threshold up to 16.2 MeV at Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) and from 14.3 to 24.5 MeV at LBNL. Thin samples of 96.4% enriched 86SrCO3 were prepared by sedimentation and, after irradiation with protons in a stacked-form, the induced radioactivity was measured by high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry. The projectile flux was determined by using the monitor reactions natCu(p,xn)62,63,65Zn and natTi(p,x)48V, and the calculated proton energy for each sample was verified by considering the ratios of two reaction products of different thresholds. The experimental cross section data obtained agreed well with the results of a nuclear model calculation based on the code TALYS. From the cross section data, the integral yield of 86Y was calculated. Over the optimum production energy range Ep = 14 → 7 MeV the yield of 86Y amounts to 291 MBq/μA for 1 h irradiation time. This value is appreciably lower than the previous literature values calculated from measured and evaluated excitation functions. It is, however, more compatible with the experimental yields of 86Y obtained in clinical scale production runs. The levels of the isotopic impurities 87mY, 87gY, and 88Y were also estimated and found to be <2% in sum.
Concentration of folic acid (FA) in serum of Japanese pregnant women
Authors: Mise Nathan , Ohtsu Mayumi , Ikegami Akihiko , Hosoi Yoko , Nakagi Yoshihiko , Yoshida Takahiko , Kayama Fujio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesExposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a world-wide health concern. We reported that Japanese children and pregnant women are exposed to moderate levels of iAs through food. Reducing iAs contamination from foods of high iAs is an important issue unique in Japan. Integrated iAs is methylated to less toxic organic forms, and S-adenosyl-L-methyonine (SAM), a common methyl-donor of DNA and histones, is utilized in this process. Chronic consumption of SAM by iAs metabolism due to exposure to iAs might alter the epigenetic modification of genome. The SAM biosynthesis pathway is dependent on folate cycle, and it is possible that ingestion of sufficient folic acid (FA) is protective to iAs induced toxicity.MethodsIn the course of our cross-sectional body burden analyses of Pb and iAs in Japanese children and pregnant women, termed “PbAs study”, FA concentration in serum of 104 pregnant women was measured.ResultsMean (±SEM) of serum FA concentration was 15.8 ± 1.3 (ng/mL). There are significant number of people showing very high FA (>30 ng/ mL), and large fraction of them were taking supplements daily.ConclusionsThese results suggested that level of FA ingestion of Japanese pregnant women is high for supporting normal fetal development.
Investigation of miR-144-3p expression levels in HbSS cases with high and normal HbF
Authors: Guzelgul Figen , Seydel Gönül Şeyda , Alparslan Zeliha Nazan , Aksoy Kıymet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell anemia (HbSS) is a hereditary blood disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Increased the HbF levels affects the clinical course of HbSS positively. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between miR-144-3p and HbSS.Materials and methodsIn this study 84 cases (44 HbSS/HbS combination and 40 HbAA) were performed. The expression of miR-144-3p was determined by RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney U test (SPSS 20.00 for Windows and p<0.005).ResultsThe miR-144-3p expression levels were higher in the HbSS cases (p≤0.001). Additionally, it was determined that the expression of miR-144-3p was higher in the cases with HbF<3 (p=0.043).DiscussionIn our study, the increase in the miR-144-3p levels in low HbF levels may be associated with the severity of the disease.ConclusionConsidering these results, suppressing miR-144-3p may be considered as a new treatment option in HbSS.
Où en est l’édition de textes patristiques grecs aujourd’hui ? Théories, méthodes et pratiques
Authors: Cassin Matthieu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An overview of recent editions of Greek texts from Christian Antiquity is provided, with particular attention to the question of theories and methods of edition. First, we recall the main methods involved: the Lachmannian method, corrected or not by historical approaches, New Philology, etc. In a second step, we go through some large collections of editions of patristic texts, in order to identify their specificities and study their main recent productions; these are successively examined: Athanasius Werke; Gregorii Nysseni Opera; Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten Jahrhunderte; Patristische Texte und Studien; Corpus christianorum, series graeca; Sources chrétiennes. Some special cases are then considered: single-witness texts; treatment of overabundant traditions and phylogenetic methods; partial editions; anthologies, exegetical catenae and compilations. Finally, we propose a general reflection on the changes introduced in the editing process by the introduction of digital technologies, up to and including electronic edition itself.
Grundzüge einer empirischen Pragmatik des kommunikativen Handelns
Authors: Anicker Fabian 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns als explanative Handlungstheorie zu entwickeln. Das dafür geeignete Programm einer empirischen Pragmatik des kommunikativen Handelns wurde in der soziologischen Diskussion bisher kaum zur Kenntnis genommen und wird auch in Habermas’ eigenen Analysen nicht zufriedenstellend ausgearbeitet. Eine explanative Handlungs- und Interaktionstheorie des kommunikativen Handelns gewinnt ihren Ausgangspunkt nicht an sprachlichen Universalstrukturen, sondern am Bezugsproblem der riskanten Handlungskoordination in sprachlich vermittelter Interaktion. Zwei Kernprobleme sind für die empirische Pragmatik von zentraler Bedeutung: erstens, wie kommunikatives Handeln seine Adressaten binden kann, und zweitens, wie auf Basis dieser Bindungswirkung kommunikative Handlungskoordination möglich ist.
Kollektives Handeln und die neuen Kollektive.Eine praxistheoretische Heuristik
Authors: Jungmann Robert 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer sozialwissenschaftliche Fokus auf stabile Kollektivakteure scheint heute nicht mehr zu neuartigen Formen des flexiblen und kurzzeitigen Kollektivhandelns zu passen. Der Beitrag entwickelt ein graduelles Konzept kollektiven Handelns. Dieses ermöglicht es, in Analysen nicht mehr die problematisierten, stabilen Kollektivakteure voraussetzen zu müssen. Unter Rekurs auf klassische Konzepte kollektiven Handelns werden drei Aspekte herausgearbeitet, die das Kollektivhandeln von jedem Zusammenwirken, Kollektivverhalten oder koordiniertem Handeln unterscheidet. Darauf aufbauend werden drei Formen des Kollektivhandelns in ihrer je spezifischen Konstitution diskutiert: Kollektivinterventionen, stabilisierte Kollektive und kompetente Kollektivakteure. Das Konzept wird am Beispiel eines naturwissenschaftlichen Projektnetzwerkes illustriert. Die so entfaltete Heuristik bietet abstrakte Bezugspunkte für ein Forschungsprogramm an, das die neuen mit klassischen Kollektiven vergleicht.
Warum wählen Männer und Frauen unterschiedliche Studienfächer?
Authors: Hägglund Anna Erika , Lörz Markus 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Trotz der seit mehreren Jahrzehnten bestehenden geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede in der Studienfachwahl, ist es der bisherigen Forschung nur zum Teil gelungen, die zugrundeliegenden Ursachen empirisch herauszuarbeiten und die geschlechtsspezifische Studienfachwahl vollständig zu erklären. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht daher aus verschiedenen interdisziplinären Blickwinkeln der Frage nach, warum Männer und Frauen unterschiedliche Studienfächer wählen und betrachtet hierbei fünf Fächergruppen.
Die Ergebnisse der multinominalen logistischen Regressions- und Dekompositionsanalysen zeigen, dass die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede hauptsächlich aus vorgelagerten Bildungsentscheidungen und den damit zusammenhängenden Interessen- und Leistungsprofilen resultieren. Die kulturelle Zuschreibung von geschlechterkonformen Verhaltensweisen zeigt sich hierbei nicht in antizipierten Diskriminierungsprozessen, sondern in einer geschlechtsspezifischen Wahrnehmung der eigenen Fähigkeiten und der Entwicklung unterschiedlicher Berufsinteressen. Die Geschlechterunterschiede in den verschiedenen Fächergruppen sind jedoch teilweise auf unterschiedliche Ursachen zurückzuführen.
Multidimensional Tuning in Motor Cortical Neurons during Active Behavior
Authors: Yuan Rachel C. , Bottjer Sarah W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA region within songbird cortex, dorsal intermediate arcopallium (AId), is functionally analogous to motor cortex in mammals and has been implicated in song learning during development. Non-vocal factors such as visual and social cues are known to mediate song learning and performance, yet previous chronic-recording studies of regions important for song behavior have focused exclusively on neural activity in relation to song production. Thus, we have little understanding of the range of non-vocal information that single neurons may encode. We made chronic recordings in AId of freely behaving juvenile zebra finches and evaluated neural activity during diverse motor behaviors throughout entire recording sessions, including song production as well as hopping, pecking, preening, fluff-ups, beak interactions, scratching, and stretching. These movements are part of natural behavioral repertoires and are important components of both song learning and courtship behavior. A large population of AId neurons showed significant modulation of activity during singing. In addition, single neurons demonstrated heterogeneous response patterns during multiple movements (including excitation during one movement type and suppression during another), and some neurons showed differential activity depending on the context in which movements occurred. Moreover, we found evidence of neurons that did not respond during discrete movements but were nonetheless modulated during active behavioral states compared with quiescence. Our results suggest that AId neurons process both vocal and non-vocal information, highlighting the importance of considering the variety of multimodal factors that can contribute to vocal motor learning during development.
Transnational Economic Constitutionalism in the Varieties of Capitalism
Authors: Teubner Gunther 
Published: July 2020

Among the remarkable results of globalization are economic constitutions, which have emerged independently from the political constitutions of the nation-states. Against ordoliberal as well as critical theorists, who expected a uniform economic world-constitution, a fragmented meta-constitution dealing with massive constitutional conflicts has emerged. Moreover, the conflicting economic constitutions are no longer delineated by the boundaries of nation-states but by different boundaries of various transnational production regimes. The constitutional alternative for the national economies—ordoliberal economic constitution versus social-democratic economic democracy—which had been formulated by the classics of economic constitutionalism, Franz Böhm and Hugo Sinzheimer, has been replaced by the opposition in the Western Hemisphere between neocorporatist production regimes in Northern Europe and the financial-capitalist production regimes of the Anglo-American world.
Against all predictions of their failure, the neocorporatist constitutions of European economies, after the financial crisis, have undergone a reorganization that resulted in their remarkable resilience. Moreover, they have developed a potential for strengthening economic democracy. In particular, public good–oriented corporate codes of conduct, which emerged in large numbers in the sweep of globalization, have contributed considerably to this potential. The codes opened, beyond the protection of workers’ rights, a new opportunity for societal actors. The oppositional power of civil society—the media, public debate, spontaneous protest, protest movements, NGOs, labor unions, intellectuals, and the professions—as well as the legal norms created by state intervention exercise such massive pressure on corporations that the latter are compelled to enact binding self-restrictions oriented to the public interest: environmental protection, antidiscrimination, human rights, product quality, consumer protection, data protection, freedom of the internet, and fair trade.