bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The regulatory factors and pathological roles of autophagy‐related protein 4 in diverse diseases: Recent research advances
Authors: Xia Fan , Liu Peiqing , Li Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMacroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved and dynamic degradation/recycling pathway in which portions of the cytoplasm, such as dysfunctional proteins and surplus organelles, are engulfed by double‐membrane bound vesicles through a lysosome‐dependent process. As the only proteolytic enzyme of the core mammalian autophagy proteins, autophagy‐related protein 4 (ATG4) primes newly synthesized pro‐light chain 3 (LC3) to form LC3‐I that attaches to phosphatidylethanolamine and delipidates LC3‐PE to LC3‐I for recycling. Besides autophagy, ATG4 has been shown to be involved in regulating various biological and pathological processes. The roles of ATG4 in cancer therapy, a methodology for ATG4 activity detection, and the discovery of chemical modulators have been well‐reviewed. However, a comprehensive summary on how ATG4 is regulated by multiple factors and, thereby, how ATG4 influences autophagy or other pathways remains lacking. In this paper, we summarize multiple processes and molecules that regulate the activity of ATG4, such as micro‐RNAs, posttranslational modifications, and small molecules. Additionally, we focus on the relationship between ATG4 and diverse diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, microbial infection, and other diseases. It provides insight regarding potential ATG4‐targeted therapeutic opportunities, which could be beneficial for future studies and human health.
Repurposing drugs to fight aging: The difficult path from bench to bedside
Authors: Vaiserman Alexander , Koliada Alexander , Lushchak Oleh , Castillo Manuel J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe steady rise in life expectancy occurred across all developed countries during the last century. This demographic trend is, however, not accompanied by the same healthspan extension. This is since aging is the main risk factor for all age‐associated pathological conditions. Therefore, slowing the rate of aging is suggested to be more efficient in preventing or delaying age‐related diseases than treat them one by one, which is the common approach in a current pharmacological disease‐oriented paradigm. To date, a variety of medications designed to treat particular pathological conditions have been shown to exhibit pro‐longevity effects in different experimental models. Among them, there are many commonly used prescription and over‐the‐counter pharmaceuticals such as metformin, rapamycin, aspirin, statins, melatonin, vitamin antioxidants, etc. All of them are being increasingly investigated in preclinical and clinical trials with the aim of determine whether they have potential for extension of human healthspan. The results from these trials are frequently inconclusive and fall short of initial expectations, suggesting that innovative research ideas and additional translational steps are required to overcome obstacles for implementation of such approaches in clinical practice. In this review, recent advances and challenges in the field of repurposing widely used conventional pharmaceuticals to target the aging process are summarized and discussed.
Temperature error‐correction method for surface air temperature data
Authors: Yang Jie , Deng Xuan , Liu Qingquan , Ding Renhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn climate change research, accurate temperature data are often demanded. However, affected by many factors, especially solar radiation, the accuracy of environmental air temperature measurement can be greatly reduced, since there is a difference in temperature between the environmental air and the related temperature measured by the sensor accommodated inside the radiation shield. In the paper, the term “temperature error” refers to the temperature difference described above. To improve the accuracy of the temperature data, a temperature error‐correction method is proposed. First, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is adopted to quantify the temperature errors accurately. A neural network algorithm is then applied to form a universal correction equation by fitting temperature errors calculated using the CFD method. Finally, to validate the correction equation, field observation experiments are performed. The root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) between the temperature errors obtained experimentally using a sensor inside the DTR503A shield and the corresponding temperature errors determined by using the proposed correction method are 0.043 and 0.038°C, respectively. The RMSE and MAE for the DTR13 radiation shield are 0.049 and 0.044°C, respectively. This method may reduce the error of the temperature data to 0.05°C. If the environmental factors corresponding to the temperature data can be quantified accurately, the factors influencing the temperature error can be added to the correction method continuously. The accuracy of this correction method may be furtherly improved.
The Role of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of 2,402 Patients
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis A. , Evangeliou Alexandros P. , Giannis Dimitrios , Hayat Muhammad H. , Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Tohme Samer , Geller David A. , Elias Nahel , Goyal Lipika , Tsoulfas Georgios 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a treatment option for several malignancies. Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab have been approved for the management of advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to systematically review the literature and summarize the characteristics and outcomes of patients with HCC treated with ICIs.

Methods
A systematic literature search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed according to the PRISMA statement (end of search date: November 7, 2020). Quality of evidence assessment was also performed.

Results
Sixty-three articles including 2,402 patients were analyzed, 2,376 of whom received ICIs for unresectable HCC. Response to ICIs could be evaluated in 2,116 patients; the overall objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 22.7% and 60.7%, respectively, and the mean overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months. The ORR, DCR, and OS for nivolumab (n = 846) were 19.7%, 51.1%, and 18.7 months, respectively; for pembrolizumab (n = 435) they were 20.7%, 64.6% and 13.3 months, respectively. The combination of atezolizumab/bevacizumab (n = 460) demonstrated an ORR and DCR of 30% and 77%, respectively. The overall rate of treatment discontinuation because of adverse events was 14.9%. Fifteen patients received ICIs in the liver transplant (LT) setting (one pre-LT for bridging, 14 for post-LT recurrence); fatal graft rejection was reported in 40.0% (n = 6/15) and mortality in 80.0% (n = 12/15).

Conclusion
ICIs are safe and effective against unresectable HCC, but caution is warranted regarding their use in the LT setting because of the high graft rejection rate.

Implications for Practice
This systematic review pooled the outcomes from studies reporting on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the management of 2,402 patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 2,376 of whom had unresectable HCC. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 22.7% and 60.7%, respectively, and the mean overall survival was 15.8 months. The overall rate of treatment discontinuation because of adverse events was 14.9%. Fifteen patients received ICIs in the liver transplant (LT) setting (one pre-LT for bridging, 14 for post-LT recurrence). Six of these patients experienced graft rejection (40.0%).
Polypropylene/abaca fiber eco‐composites: Influence of bio‐waste additive on flame retardancy and mechanical properties
Authors: Mai Nguyen Tran Thanh , M. N. Prabhakar , Lee Dong Woo , Cabo Maurelio, Jr. , Song Jung‐Il 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research focused on the fabrication of flame‐retardant green composites by utilizing inexpensive bio‐waste eggshell powder (ESP) as a flame‐retardant additive to polypropylene (PP)/abaca fibers (AF) composites (AF/ESP‐PP). The optimization of AF reinforcement in composites examines various wt% (5‐20) of fibers in the light of mechanical properties. Fifteen weight percentage of AF reinforcement showing the highest tensile (26 MPa) and flexural (46 MPa) strength compared to the remaining composites. Spectral (Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy) and micro (scanning electron microscope) analysis support the improvement of mechanical strength of the composites in connection with the interaction between AF with PP. Besides, different wt% (2, 4, 6, and 8) of ESP were incorporated into the AF/PP composites and examine the thermal and flame‐retardant properties by thermogravimetric analysis, horizontal burn test, and microcalorimetry, respectively. An improvement in thermal stability 9.82 wt% at 700°C, horizontal burn test results and decrement in peak heat release rate to 947 W/g.
Registration of ‘KS Western Star’ hard red winter wheat
Authors: Zhang Guorong , Fritz Allan K. , Haley Scott D. , Li Yonghui , Bai Guihua , Bowden Robert L. , Chen Ming‐Shun , Jin Yue , Chen Xianming , Kolmer James A. , Seabourn Bradford W. , Chen Richard Y. , Marshall David S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract‘KS Western Star’ (Reg. no. CV‐1174, PI 693935) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the wheat breeding program at the Agricultural Research Center–Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. KS Western Star was developed with the objectives to further improve drought tolerance, straw strength, and multiple disease resistance of currently available cultivars for western Kansas. KS Western Star was selected from a single cross ‘Byrd’/KS05HW121‐2 made in 2009. KS Western Star was developed as an F6–derived line using a modified bulk breeding method and was evaluated in yield trials from 2014 to 2019. It has medium maturity, medium height, and high grain volume weight, as well as high flour yield and good bread‐making quality. KS Western Star has good adaption to semi‐arid areas in western Kansas with its drought tolerance, stripe rust and leaf rust resistance, and improved lodging resistance.
Highly selective mono‐functionalization of open‐cage silsesquioxane toward film‐formable homopolymer
Authors: Igarashi Amato , Ueda Yukiho , Katoh Ryoichi , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOpen‐cage silsesquioxanes have lower crystallinity without diminishing the thermal stability than traditional closed‐cage silsesquioxanes. Two of the three siloxane groups of commercially available corner‐opened cage silsesquioxanes were selectively substituted, and the remaining one was functionalized for the mono‐methacrylate monomer. The resultant polymer formed a homogeneous and transparent film with high‐thermal stability.
Psychosocial care for cancer survivors: A systematic literature review on the role of general practitioners
Authors: Deckx Laura , Chow Ka Hei , Askew Deborah , van Driel Mieke L. , Mitchell Geoffrey K. , van den Akker Marjan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the general practitioners (GP's) role in providing psychosocial care for cancer survivors through a systematic literature review.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL and included the studies that complied with the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. At least two independent reviewers performed the quality appraisal and data extraction.ResultsWe included 33 (five qualitative, 19 observational, and nine intervention) studies; the majority of these studies focused on care for depression and anxiety (21/33). Cancer survivors were more likely to contact their GP for psychosocial problems compared with noncancer controls. Survivors were more likely to use antidepressants compared with controls, although 71% of survivors preferred depression treatment to be “talking therapy only.” Overall, GPs and patients mostly agreed that GPs are the preferred healthcare provider to manage psychosocial problems. The major exception is a survivor's fear of recurrence—here, the oncologist was the preferred healthcare provider. Only two interventions effectively decreased depression or anxiety; these studies included patients who had a clinical indication for psychosocial care, were specifically designed for decreasing depression/anxiety, and consisted of a multidisciplinary team approach. The other interventions evaluated GP‐led follow‐up for cancer survivors and found that this did not impact the patients' levels of anxiety, depression, or distress neither negatively nor positively.ConclusionsCancer survivors often prefer psychosocial care by their GP, and GPs generally consider they are well placed to provide this care. Although evidence on the effectiveness of psychosocial care by GPs is limited, an active multidisciplinary team approach seems key.
Distinct conformational dynamics and allosteric networks in alpha tryptophan synthase during active catalysis
Authors: O'Rourke Kathleen F. , D'Amico Rebecca N. , Sahu Debashish , Boehr David D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExperimental observations of enzymes under active turnover conditions have brought new insight into the role of protein motions and allosteric networks in catalysis. Many of these studies characterize enzymes under dynamic chemical equilibrium conditions, in which the enzyme is actively catalyzing both the forward and reverse reactions during data acquisition. We have previously analyzed conformational dynamics and allosteric networks of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase under such conditions using NMR. We have proposed that thisworkingstate represents a four to one ratio of the enzyme bound with the indole‐3‐glycerol phosphate substrate (E:IGP) to the enzyme bound with the products indole and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate (E:indole:G3P). Here, we analyze the inactive D60N variant to deconvolute the contributions of the substrate‐ and products‐bound states to theworkingstate. While the D60N substitution itself induces small structural and dynamic changes, the D60N E:IGP and E:indole:G3P states cannot entirely account for the conformational dynamics and allosteric networks present in theworkingstate. The act of chemical bond breakage and/or formation, or possibly the generation of an intermediate, may alter the structure and dynamics present in theworkingstate. As the enzyme transitions from the substrate‐bound to the products‐bound state, millisecond conformational exchange processes are quenched and new allosteric connections are made between the alpha active site and the surface which interfaces with the beta subunit. The structural ordering of the enzyme and these new allosteric connections may be important in coordinating the channeling of the indole product into the beta subunit.
Revisiting the phosphotyrosine binding pocket of Fyn SH2 domain led to the identification of novel SH2 superbinders.
Authors: Li Shuhao , Zou Yang , Zhao Dongping , Yin Yuqing , Song Jingyi , He Ningning , Liu Huadong , Qian Dongmeng , Li Lei , Huang Haiming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProtein engineering through directed evolution is an effective way to obtain proteins with novel functions with the potential applications as tools for diagnosis or therapeutics. Many natural proteins have undergone directed evolution in vitro in the test tubes in the laboratories worldwide, resulting in the numerous protein variants with novel or enhanced functions. we constructed here an SH2 variant library by randomizing 8 variable residues in its phosphotyrosine (pTyr) binding pocket. Selection of this library by a pTyr peptide led to the identification of SH2 variants with enhanced affinities measured by EC50. Fluorescent polarization was then applied to quantify the binding affinities of the newly identified SH2 variants. As a result, three SH2 variants, named V3, V13 and V24, have comparable binding affinities with the previously identified SH2 triple‐mutant superbinder. Biolayer Interferometry assay was employed to disclose the kinetics of the binding of these SH2 superbinders to the phosphotyrosine peptide. The results indicated that all the SH2 superbinders have two‐orders increase of the dissociation rate when binding the pTyr peptide while there was no significant change in their associate rates. Intriguingly, though binding the pTyr peptide with comparable affinity with other SH2 superbinders, the V3 does not bind to the sTyr peptide. However, variant V13 and V24 have cross‐reactivity with both pTyr and sTyr peptides. The newly identified superbinders could be utilized as tools for the identification of pTyr‐containing proteins from tissues under different physiological or pathophysiological conditions and may have the potential in the therapeutics.
Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to an essential balm and its components
Authors: Wen Chao , Chen Jian , He Yinghao , Wang Fang , Qian Chenyu , Wen Junbao , Wen Xiujun , Wang Cai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn over‐the‐counter medicine product of China known as essential balm effectively repelled red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. However, it was not clear which chemical component(s) accounted for the repellency, and whether they would effectively repel S. invicta in the field.RESULTSFive components, eucalyptol, camphor, menthol, methyl salicylate, and eugenol, were identified in essential balm using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Each component elicited concentration‐dependent electroantennography (EAG) response. Under field conditions, all components showed repellency against foraging ants. Interestingly, foraging ants managed to access the food items placed on a surface smeared with eucalyptol, camphor, menthol, or methyl salicylate by depositing soil particles on the surface and then walking on soil particles. However, they failed to do so when the surface was smeared with eugenol. Repellency of eugenol lasted for > 24 h, which was much longer than that of the other four components of essential balm and is comparable to that of N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide (DEET), the standard for insect repellants.CONCLUSIONOlfactory response of S. invicta to all five components of the essential balm was confirmed. Each component showed repellency against S. invicta workers in the field. However, only eugenol significantly suppressed both foraging and particle‐covering behavior within 24 h. The repellent effect of eugenol lasted much longer than the other four components. Particle‐covering behavior has been largely ignored in studying fire ant repellants. Our study demonstrated that it is necessary to consider such behaviors in ant repellent bioassays in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Different Types of Photon Entanglement from a Constantly Driven Quantum Emitter Inside a Cavity
Authors: Seidelmann Tim , Cosacchi Michael , Cygorek Moritz , Reiter Doris E. , Vagov Alexei , Axt Vollrath M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBell states are the most prominent maximally entangled photon states. In a typical four‐level emitter, like a semiconductor quantum dot, the photon states exhibit only one type of Bell state entanglement. By adding an external driving to the emitter system, also other types of Bell state entanglement are reachable without changing the polarization basis. In this work, it is shown under which conditions the different types of entanglement occur and analytical equations are given to explain these findings. Furthermore, special points are identified, where the concurrence, being a measure for the degree of entanglement, drops to zero, while the coherences between the two‐photon states stay strong. Results of this work pave the way to achieve a controlled manipulation of the entanglement type in practical devices.
New bounded real lemma for singular Markovian jump systems: Application toH∞control
Authors: Park Chan‐eun , Kwon Nam Kyu , Park PooGyeon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a new strictly bounded real lemma (BRL) for continuous‐time singular Markovian jump systems (SMJSs) in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). While the previous studies have been done for SMJSs that do not have a path from disturbances to desired output, the proposed BRL covers SMJSs with disturbance‐contaminated output by introducing additional free matrix variables. Based on the proposed BRL, the sufficient condition for state‐feedback stabilization is successfully obtained in terms of strict LMIs. The result leads to find the minimalperformance by solving the optimization problem subject to the suggested LMIs. Two examples show the less conservatism of proposed method compared with the previous work.
Characterizing Competing Tensions in Black Immigrant Literacies: Beyond Partial Representations of Success
Authors: Smith Patriann , Lee Jaehoon , Chang Rong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we problematize the notion that Black immigrant youth be designated as high achieving or new model minority when comparing their literate success with that of their Black American peers. We draw from ideological and autonomous views regarding literacies while recognizing notions such as languaging informed by personhood, monoglossic norms, heteroglossic perspectives, and raciolinguistic ideologies, which come to bear on the literacies of Black immigrant youth. Using these lenses, we examined Black immigrant literacy from both qualitative and quantitative paradigms. Quantitative findings revealed that native English‐speaking Black immigrant youth had significantly higher scores on reading literacy than native English‐speaking Black American youth on the Programme for International Student Assessment. Among all Black students in 2009, native English speakers outperformed non‐native English speakers. However, superior reading literacy performance among native English speakers was not as obvious in 2015 as was observed in 2009. In 2015, non‐native English speakers outperformed native English speakers among Black immigrants, whereas native English speakers had higher scores than non‐native English speakers on reading literacy among Black Americans. Qualitative findings showed that (a) literate success in one Black immigrant youth’s (D’Arcy) literacy practices was influenced by multilingualism as both an asset and a deficit; (b) dialectal difference was perceived as language interference and as binary (i.e., legitimate vs. nonlegitimate); (c) there was persistent unacceptability of D’Arcy’s language, accent, and certain literacies across home and school; (d) expectations about D’Arcy’s racial literate identity remained steeped in assumptions regarding racialized language and raciolinguistic ideology; and (e) teacher interventions revealed tensions across (racio)linguistic ideologies. Implications for theory, research, policy, and practice are provided.