bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity Associated with Individual Differences in the Attentional Blink
Authors: Zhou Liqin , Zhen Zonglei , Liu Jia , Zhou Ke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The attentional blink (AB) has been central in characterizing the limit of temporal attention and consciousness. The neural mechanism of the AB is still in hot debate. With a large sample size, we combined multiple behavioral tests, multimodal MRI measures, and transcranial magnetic stimulation to investigate the neural basis underlying the individual differences in the AB. We found that AB magnitude correlated with the executive control functioning of working memory (WM) in behavior, which was fully mediated by T1 performance. Structural variations in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) and its intrinsic functional connectivity with the left inferior frontal junction (lIFJ) accounted for the individual differences in the AB, which was moderated by the executive control of working memory. Disrupting the function of the lIFJ attenuated the AB deficit. Our findings clarified the neural correlates of the individual differences in the AB and elucidated its relationship with the consolidation-driven inhibitory control process.
Safety of Drugs During Previous and Current Coronavirus Pandemics: Lessons for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Sebastian S , Gonzalez H A , Peyrin-Biroulet L 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic has posed challenges in the routine care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. One of the key challenges is quantification of the risks of immunosuppressive and biological therapies in IBD patients during the pandemic. The similarities and differences between previous coronavirus outbreaks and the pathobiology of the infections can give useful information in understanding the risks, and perhaps potential beneficial aspects of drugs used in IBD. Although clinical, immunological and pharmacological data from the experience with previous coronavirus outbreaks cannot be automatically translated to predict the safety of IBD therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic, the signals so far from these outbreaks on IBD patients who are on immunomodulators and biologics are reassuring to patients and clinicians alike.
Individual Scaling of Accelerometry to Preferred Walking Speed in the Assessment of Physical Activity in Older Adults
Authors: Karavirta Laura , Rantalainen Timo , Skantz Heidi , Lisko Inna , Portegijs Erja , Rantanen Taina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Walking forms a large portion of physical activity (PA) of older adults. We assessed free-living PA using acceleration corresponding to preferred walking speed as a relative cut-point and studied how it relates to age. We compared the relative cut-point to a common absolute cut-point of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Method
Four hundred forty-four community-dwelling adults aged 75, 80, and 85 years wore an accelerometer on the thigh during a PA surveillance period and a modified 6-minute walking test (6MWT) at preferred speed. Each individual’s mean acceleration (g) during the 6MWT was used as a cut-point for relative PA. Acceleration corresponding to three metabolic equivalents (METs) was used as the cut-point for absolute MVPA.

Results
When using the acceleration of preferred walking speed as a cut-point, 62 (SD 82) minutes a week of relative PA was detected, compared to 228 (163) minutes of absolute MVPA. For 96% of the participants, the acceleration generated by their preferred walking speed exceeded the common absolute cut-point for MVPA. Absolute MVPA was lower in the older age groups, and 6MWT speed explained 22% of its variation (p &lt; .001), whereas relative PA was independent of walking speed and age.

Conclusions
Preferred walking speed was a significant contributor to absolute MVPA and those who walked the slowest accumulated the least MVPA. Assessing relative PA using the intensity of preferred walking speed as a cut-point eliminated the dependency of PA on age and walking speed, and may be a feasible scaling option to evaluate relative PA among older people.
The Effects of Tau, Amyloid, and White Matter Lesions on Mobility, Dual Tasking, and Balance in Older People
Authors: Nilsson Maria H , Tangen Gro Gujord , Palmqvist Sebastian , van Westen Danielle , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Stomrud Erik , Hansson Oskar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate whether white matter lesions (WML), β-amyloid-, and tau pathologies are independently associated with mobility, dual tasking, and dynamic balance performance in older nondemented individuals.

Methods
We included 299 older people (mean, SD, age: 71.8, 5.6 years) from the Swedish BioFINDER study, whereof 175 were cognitively unimpaired and 124 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In multivariable regression analyses, dependent variables included mobility (Timed Up & Go [TUG]), dual tasking (TUG with a simultaneous subtraction task, that is, TUG-Cog, as well as dual task cost), and balance (Figure-of-eight). The analyses were controlled for age, sex, education, diagnosis (ie, MCI), and comorbidity (stroke, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease). Independent variables included WML volume, and measures of β-amyloid (abnormal cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Aβ42/40 ratio) and tau pathology (CSF phosphorylated tau [p-tau]).

Results
Multivariable regression analyses showed that an increased WML volume was independently associated with decreased mobility, that is, TUG (standardized β = 0.247; p &lt; .001). Tau pathology was independently associated with dual tasking both when using the raw data of TUG-Cog (β = 0.224; p = .003) and the dual-task cost (β= −0.246; p = .001). Amyloid pathology was associated with decreased balance, that is, Figure-of-eight (β = 0.172; p = .028). The independent effects of WML and tau pathology were mainly observed in those with MCI, which was not the case for the effects of amyloid pathology on balance.

Conclusions
Common brain pathologies have different effects where WML are independently associated with mobility, tau pathology has the strongest effect on dual tasking, and amyloid pathology seems to be independently associated with balance. Although these novel findings need to be confirmed in longitudinal studies, they suggest that different brain pathologies have different effects on mobility, balance, and dual-tasking in older nondemented individuals.
Theoretic analysis and experimental evaluation of the spectrum transmission coefficient of a multilayer photovoltaic vacuum glazing
Authors: Lv Qinghua , Cui Jiachen , Jarimi Hasila , Lv Hui , Zhai Zhongsheng , Su Yuehong , Riffat Saffa , Dong Shijie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative thin film PV vacuum glazing (PV-VG) technology. In addition to electricity generation, the PV-VG glazing can also reduce heat loss from the building in winter and reduce heat gain in summer. In building integrated photovoltaics application, optical characterization of the PV glazing is important in determining the solar ray transmission and thermal transfer process of the glazing. This paper discusses the optical properties of the PV-VG glazing by considering the different layers of the glazing unit that includes a self-cleaning glass, a thin film PV glass and a low-e vacuum glazing. Based on the optical transfer matrix, the transmission coefficients of different film layers were deduced. The theoretical calculations were then validated against the transmission coefficient experiment of the PV-VG using an EDTM SS2450 Solar Spectrum Meter. The calculation error of the transmission coefficient of the single-layer glazing is generally within 5%, the calculation error of the transmission coefficient of the integrated PV-VG glazing is about 6%. The results show that the average visible light transmission coefficient, the average infrared light transmission coefficient and the overall transmission coefficient of PV-VG glazing are 19%, 16% and 12%, respectively. The study is important to optimize the visible light transmission of the PV-VG glazing; the optical model obtained above lays a solid foundation for further study of transmission coefficient analysis of different functional coating of PV-VG glazing.
Multimodal Analgesia and Discharge Opioid Requirements in Burn Patients
Authors: Wright Michael , Lee Jin A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Analgesia in burn patients is challenging given the complexity of burn pain and prolonged need beyond hospital admission. Given the risks of opioids, the impact of multimodal analgesia postdischarge needs to be further elucidated in this population. This retrospective, single-center cohort study evaluated adult burn patients who were consecutively admitted to the burn service with at least 10% total body surface area burned and subsequently followed in the burn clinic between February 2015 and September 2018. Subjects were separated into two cohorts based on discharge pain regimens: multimodal and nonmultimodal. The primary outcome was the change in opioid requirements (measured in oral morphine equivalents) between discharge and first follow-up interval. Secondary outcomes included the classes of multimodal agents utilized and a comparison of opioid requirements between the last 24 hours of admission and discharge. A total of 152 patients were included for analysis, 76 in the multimodal cohort and 76 in the nonmultimodal cohort. The multimodal cohort was noted to have increased total body surface area burned and prolonged number of days spent in the intensive care unit at baseline; however, the multimodal cohort exhibited a more significant decrease in opioid requirements from discharge to first follow-up interval when compared with the nonmultimodal cohort (106.6 vs 75.4 mg, P = .039).
The Impact of Comorbid Conditions on Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes From Burn Survivors
Authors: Sheckter Clifford C , Li Kevin , Carrougher Gretchen J , Pham Tam N , Gibran Nicole S , Stewart Barclay T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Preburn comorbidities increase the risk of death in the acute phase, and negatively impact quality of life among survivors. Investigations to date have only evaluated comorbidities as indices, limiting the ability to target conditions and develop strategies for risk reduction. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the differential effects of specific conditions on long-term, patient-reported outcomes after burn injury. A prospectively maintained trauma registry was merged with a longitudinal database of patient-reported outcomes from a regional burn center from 2007 to 2018. Demographic data, injury-specific information, and the prevalence of 20 comorbidities were systematically documented. The impact of comorbidities on responses to Short Form-12/Veterans RAND 12 (SF/VR-12) health surveys at 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury was evaluated with generalized linear models. The merged dataset included 493 adult participants. Median age was 46 years (interquartile range, IQR 32–57 years), and 72% were male. Median burn size was 14% TBSA (IQR 5–28%). Seventy percent of participants had ≥1 comorbidity (median 1 comorbidity/participant; IQR 0–2 comorbidities). SF/VR-12 mental component summary scores at 6 and 12 months postinjury were negatively associated with mental illness (P &lt; .001, P = .013). SF/VR-12 physical component summary (PCS) scores were negatively associated with smoking (P = .019), diabetes (P = .001), and alcohol use disorder (P = .001) at 6-month follow-up. Twelve-month SF/VR-12 PCS scores were negatively associated with prior trauma admission (P = .001) and diabetes (P = .042). Twenty-four-month SF/VR-12 PCS scores were negatively associated with mental illness (P = .003). Smoking, alcohol use disorder, and diabetes were associated with lower PCS scores 6 months after injury; diabetes persisted as a negatively associated covariate at 12 months. Mental component summary scores were negatively associated with mental illness 6 and 12 months postinjury. Integrated models of postdischarge comorbidity management need to be tested in burn patients.
Low optical polarization at the core of the optically thin jet of M87
Authors: Fresco A Y , Fernández-Ontiveros J A , Prieto M A , Acosta-Pulido J A , Merloni A 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the optical linear and circular polarization in the optically thin regime of the core and jet of M87. Observations were acquired two days before the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) campaign in early 2017 April. A high degree (∼20 per cent) of linear polarization (Plin) is detected in the bright jet knots resolved at $\sim 10\,\mathrm{ to}\,23\, \rm {arcsec}$ ($0.8{-}1.8\, \rm {kpc}$) from the centre, whereas the nucleus and inner jet show Plin ≲ 5 per cent. The position angle of the linear polarization shifts by ∼90° from each knot to the adjacent ones, with the core angle perpendicular to the first knot. The nucleus was in a low level of activity (Plin ∼ 2–3 per cent), and no emission was detected from HST-1. No circular polarization was detected either in the nucleus or the jet above a 3 σ level of Pcirc ≤ 1.5 per cent, discarding the conversion of Plin into Pcirc. A disordered magnetic field configuration or a mix of unresolved knots polarized along axes with different orientations could explain the low Plin. The latter implies a smaller size of the core knots, in line with current interferometric observations. Polarimetry with EHT can probe this scenario in the future. A steep increase of both Plin and Pcirc with increasing frequency is expected for the optically thin domain, above the turnover point. This work describes the methodology to recover the four Stokes parameters using a λ/4 waveplate polarimeter.
P1868TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MOLIDUSTAT IN NON-DIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH RENAL ANEMIA WHO ARE TREATED WITH ERYTHROPOIESIS-STIMULATING AGENTS: MIYABI ND-M
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Taguchi Megumi , Nobori Kiyoshi , Matsuda Yoshimi , Iekushi Kazuma , Akizawa Tadao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Treatment with subcutaneous erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) is the standard of care for renal anemia in non-dialysis patients. A hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase (HF-PH) inhibitor is an oral medication and might be a new treatment option of renal anemia. Molidustat mimics the physiological response to hypoxia, thereby stimulating endogenous EPO production by the kidneys. The phase III program entitled MolIdustat once dailY improves renal Anemia By Inducing EPO (MIYABI) was conducted in Japan.

Method
MIYABI Non-Dialysis- Maintenance (ND-M) of Hb study (up to 52 weeks, randomized, darbepoetin-controlled, open-label) was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of molidustat (MO) in non-dialysis patients with renal anemia who are treated with ESAs. A starting dose was in accordance with previous ESA dose and study drug doses were titrated regularly with the aim of maintaining the patients’ Hb values between the target range (11.0-13.0 g/dL). The primary efficacy variables were the mean Hb values during the evaluation period (30-36 weeks) and its change from baseline to demonstrate the non-inferiority of MO to darbepoetin alfa (DA) using a non-inferiority margin of 1.0 g/dL. Safety variables included adverse events. Prespecified primary analysis results up to 36 weeks are presented here.

Results
82 patients were treated with MO, starting doses were 25 mg for 27 patients and 50 mg in 55 patients. 82 patients were treated with DA, starting doses were in accordance with previous ESA dose and interval. The mean of baseline Hb values were 11.31 g/dL and 11.27 g/dL in the MO and DA group, respectively. For the mean Hb values during the evaluation period in MO, the mean was 11.67 g/dL (95%CI; 11.48, 11.85) and the mean Hb values of 66 patients (80.5%) were within the target range. As the primary efficacy variables (the changes from baseline of mean Hb values during the evaluation period), the means were 0.35 g/dL (95%CI; 0.12, 0.58) and 0.26 g/dL (95%CI; 0.04, 0.48) in the MO and DA group, respectively. The LS mean difference was 0.13 (95%CI; -0.15, 0.40), therefore the non-inferiority of MO to DA was established. The mean (SD) doses during the study period were 52.16 (32.58) mg/day of MO and 21.33 (12.33) μg/week of DA. AEs were experienced in 87.8% of patients in the MO group and 89.0% of patients in the DA group up to 36 weeks. The most common AEs occurred ≥ 5% of patients in any group were nasopharyngitis (29.3% and 30.5%, respectively) and worsening of chronic kidney disease (12.2% and 7.3%, respectively).

Conclusion
Maintenance effect of MO on the Hb values was investigated and the non-inferiority of MO to DA was established in non-dialysis patients with anemia treated with ESAs. The MO showed no new safety concern but further longitudinal investigation will be needed.
Early-Morning vs Spot Posterior Oropharyngeal Saliva for Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Implication of Timing of Specimen Collection for Community-Wide Screening
Authors: Hung Derek Ling-Lung , Li Xin , Chiu Kelvin Hei-Yeung , Yip Cyril Chik-Yan , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Sridhar Siddharth , Chung Tom Wai-Hin , Lung Kwok-Cheung , Liu Raymond Wai- To , Kwan Grace Sze-Wai , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPosterior oropharyngeal saliva is increasingly recognized as a valid respiratory specimen for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. It is easy to collect and suitable for community-wide screening. The optimal timing of collection is currently unknown, and we speculate that an early-morning specimen before oral hygiene and breakfast would increase the diagnostic yield.MethodsPosterior oropharyngeal saliva was collected at 5 different time points within the same day from 18 patients with previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by molecular testing. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were compared.ResultsThere was an overall trend of lower Ct values from specimens collected in the early morning, with a gradual decrease of viral load towards nighttime, but reaching statistical significance only when compared with the specimens collected at bedtime. Eight out of 13 subjects had a higher viral load in the early morning than the rest of the 4 time points (before lunch, before teatime at 3 pm, before dinner, before bedtime).ConclusionsThe result suggests a diurnal variation of viral shedding from the upper respiratory tract with a trend showing higher viral load in the early morning. For community screening purposes, posterior oropharyngeal saliva could be taken throughout the day, but preferably in the early morning to maximize the yield.
Association of Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen and Antihepatitis B Core Antibody With Liver Fibrosis Evolution in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus Coinfected Patients During Treatment With Tenofovir
Authors: Cruchet Romuald , Dezanet Lorenza N C , Maylin Sarah , Gabassi Audrey , Rougier Hayette , Miailhes Patrick , Lascoux-Combe Caroline , Chas Julie , Girard Pierre-Marie , Delaugerre Constance , Lacombe Karine , Boyd Anders 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative hepatitis B core-related antigen (qHBcrAg) or antihepatitis B core antibody (qAnti-HBc) could be useful in monitoring liver fibrosis evolution during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, yet it has not been assessed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HBV-coinfected patients undergoing treatment with tenofovir (TDF).MethodsOne hundred fifty-four HIV-HBV-infected patients initiating a TDF-containing antiretroviral regimen were prospectively followed. The qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc and liver fibrosis assessment were collected every 6–12 months during TDF. Hazard ratios (HRs) assessing the association between qHBcrAg/qAnti-HBc and transitions from none/mild/significant fibrosis to advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis (progression) and from advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis to none/mild/significant fibrosis (regression) were estimated using a time-homogeneous Markov model.ResultsAt baseline, advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis was observed in 40 (26%) patients. During a median follow-up of 48 months (interquartile range, 31–90), 38 transitions of progression (IR = 7/100 person-years) and 34 transitions of regression (IR = 6/100 person-years) were observed. Baseline levels of qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc were not associated with liver fibrosis progression (adjusted-HR per log10 U/mL = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93–1.24; adjusted-HR per log10 Paul-Ehrlich-Institute [PEI] U/mL = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.70–1.04, respectively) or regression (adjusted-HR per log10 U/mL = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.95–1.46; adjusted-HR per log10 PEI U/mL = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.78–1.22, respectively) after adjusting for age, gender, duration of antiretroviral therapy, protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Nevertheless, changes from the previous visit of qAnti-HBc levels were associated with liver fibrosis regression (adjusted-HR per log10 PEIU/mL change = 5.46, 95% CI = 1.56–19.16).ConclusionsBaseline qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc levels are not associated with liver fibrosis evolution in TDF-treated HIV-HBV coinfected patients. The link between changes in qAnti-HBc levels during follow-up and liver fibrosis regression merits further study.
A Higher Grey Matter Density in the Amygdala and Midbrain Is Associated with Persistent Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Lewis Gwyn N , Wartolowska Karolina A , Parker Rosalind S , Sharma Sheena , Rice David A , Kluger Michal , McNair Peter J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
The development of persistent pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is common, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. The goal of the study was to assess brain grey matter structure and its correlation with function of the nociceptive system in people with good and poor outcomes following TKA.

Subjects
Thirty-one people with LOW_PAIN (&lt;3/10 on the numerical ratings scale [NRS]) at six months following TKA and 15 people with HIGH_PAIN (≥3/10 on the NRS) were recruited into the study.

Methods
Grey matter in key brain areas related to nociception was analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Nociceptive facilitatory and inhibitory processes were evaluated using quantitative sensory testing (QST). QST scores and grey matter density in prespecified brain regions were compared between the LOW_PAIN and HIGH_PAIN groups. Regression analyses were used to analyze the associations between the grey matter and QST scores.

Results
There were no between-group differences in QST measures. In the VBM analysis, the HIGH_PAIN group had a higher grey matter density in the right amygdala, right nucleus accumbens, and in the periaqueductal grey (PAG), but lower grey matter density in the dorsal part of the left caudate nucleus. Grey matter density in the right amygdala and PAG correlated positively with temporal summation of pain.

Conclusions
Persistent pain at six months after TKA is associated with a higher grey matter density in the regions involved in central sensitization and pain-related fear, which may contribute to the development of persistent pain after surgery.
The Origins and Real Effects of the Gender Gap: Evidence from CEOs’ Formative Years
Authors: Duchin Ran , Simutin Mikhail , Sosyura Denis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using individual census records, we provide novel evidence on CEOs’ socioeconomic backgrounds and study their role in investment decisions. Male CEOs allocate more investment capital to male than female division managers. This gender gap is driven by CEOs who grew up in male-dominated families where the father was the only income earner and had more education than the mother. The gender gap also increases for CEOs who attended all-male high schools and grew up in neighborhoods with greater gender inequality. The effect of gender on capital budgeting introduces frictions and erodes investment efficiency.