bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological distress and self‐management behaviours among patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving oral antiviral therapy
Authors: Kong Ling‐Na , Yao Yu , Li Lin , Zhao Qing‐Hua , Wang Tian , Li Yi‐Lan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress among patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving oral antiviral therapy and explore the association between psychological distress and self‐management behaviours among this population.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample of 188 patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving oral antiviral therapy was recruited from March‐October 2018 to complete a self‐report questionnaire including the Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21 and Chronic Hepatitis B Self‐Management Scale. Logistic regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used to determine the factors associated with psychological distress and the association between psychological distress and self‐management behaviours respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 33.0%, 38.3% and 17.6% respectively. Depression was associated with older age, female gender, lower education level and longer treatment duration; anxiety was associated with female gender and longer treatment duration; and stress was associated with age of 31–40 years, female gender and unmarried status. There were significant associations between depression and anxiety symptoms and self‐management behaviours.ConclusionPsychological distress was prevalent among patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving oral antiviral therapy and had a negative impact on self‐management. Interventions targeting depression and anxiety symptoms may be beneficial to improve self‐management behaviours for this population.ImpactThis study explored the factors associated with psychological distress in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving oral antiviral therapy. The findings showed psychological distress was more common in patients who were with older age, female, less educated, unmarried and receiving longer duration of treatment and psychological distress was significantly associated with self‐management behaviours. Nurses and other healthcare providers should provide interventions to reduce the risk of psychological distress and improve self‐management behaviours for this population.
Undervaluation and non‐financial information: Evidence from voluntary disclosure of CSR news
Authors: Benlemlih Mohammed , Ge Jingwen , Zhao Sujiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we examine whether stock market imperfection plays a role in a firm's decision to release non‐financial information and if so, what the underlying channels are. To address our questions, we web‐scraped corporate social responsibility (CSR) news to form a sample of publicly traded non‐financial US firms from CSRwire and explored exogeneous variation in stock valuation driven by institutional price pressure. Our empirical results show that firms facing stock market undervaluation are more likely than others to release CSR news. This effect is concentrated among firms exhibiting low levels of CSR commitment and low stock price informativeness. Finally, we provide evidence that the stock market reacts positively to CSR news released by undervalued firms and more so for undervalued firms with high information asymmetry.
A targeted phylogenetic approach helps explain New World functional diversity patterns of two eudicot lineages
Authors: Figueroa Hector , Smith Stephen A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimLarge‐scale functional diversity studies typically examine isolated traits, often without phylogenetic context. Here, we integrate data from five life‐history traits with phylogeny and occurrence records to assess: (a) correlated latitudinal gradients of trait combinations; (b) which traits show phylogenetic conservatism and (c) quantitative, clade‐specific differences in trait syndromes, illustrating the phylogenetic scale of observable variation in ecological strategies.LocationThe Americas.TaxonEricales (Asterids) and Fabales (Rosids).MethodsWe used publicly available trait data sets on height, seed mass, wood density, leaf mass per area (LMA) and growth form, an open‐source phylogeny, and georeferenced occurrence records to investigate functional diversity patterns. We employed phylogenetic generalized least squares and phylogenetic principal components analyses (pPCA) to assess correlated trait evolution and quantify the trait syndrome, respectively. We employed the InfoMap Ecoregions web app to cluster species by bioregions. We used standard statistical tests and randomization simulations to assess statistical significance of results.ResultsEricales and Fabales exhibited a biogeographically consistent, phylogenetically conserved trait syndrome. Moving poleward, species exhibited progressively smaller trait values and more herbaceous and shrubby growth forms (except for LMA, which showed no consistent pattern). We quantified latitudinal variation in this trait syndrome using pPCA, and provide evidence for correlated trait evolution.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate a functional trait syndrome involving height, seed mass, wood density and growth form, but not LMA. Functional trait values showed consistent latitudinal patterns and evidence of correlated evolution, suggesting an underlying ecological strategy. Furthermore, the two clades showed quantitative differences in the manifestation of this trait syndrome. Variation in the syndrome was best observed among species from con‐ordinal families. We interpret this trait syndrome as a strategy of resource acquisition in which habitats with relatively greater soil nutrient content and a shorter growing season favour shorter stature, lower seed mass and wood density, and shrubby or herbaceous growth form.
Expansion and scale up of technology for ethanol production based on the concept of biorefinery
Authors: Sur Srija , Dave Vivek , Prakesh Anand , Sharma Prashansa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rapid growth of industries and large number of population are considered to be the major two factors that contribute to the crisis of global energy. Biofuels are considered to be the best replacement of the energy produced from the nonrenewable fossil fuels. The use of mature technologies depicts a sear need of biomasses that it causes a competition with the food chain in case of the first generation of Bioethanol. This disadvantage was overcome by the second generation bioethanol where lignocellulosic biomass is the raw material. Algal biomass from marine environment has also gained a lot of importance in third and fourth generation of raw material for biofuel production. The main challenge arrived when scaling up became the biggest problem in the process of bioethanol production. This review mainly aims to focus on the challenges faced in the commercialization of the biofuels. Many scientists are working majorly on economic processes so as to commercialize the biofuel production techniques. Some energy and cost effective distillation process has been described in this review article, which can help in the scaling up the process to an industrial level.Practical ApplicationsThis review mainly aims to focus on the basic overview of the bioethanol production and the challenges faced in the commercialization of the biofuels. Many scientists around the globe are working majorly on economic processes so as to commercialize the biofuel production techniques. The review compiles the evolution of one generation biofuels from another by overcoming the disadvantages of the previous generation. This will help the young researchers to have a complete idea about significance of bioethanol production. In the present times, there are many less pollution causing and renewable natural resources that can produce bioethanol in the laboratory scale effectively. The main challenge is to produce bioethanol in large scale. Though this area for scale up technologies of the ethanol production is less explored, but there is immense scope of development and modification.
Effect of mixing method on resulting thickness of infant formula
Authors: Rush Olivia M. , Bolland Anneliese C. , Gosa Memorie M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious research shows that factors such as time, temperature, nutritional make‐up of a liquid, and type of thickening agent can significantly alter the resulting thickness of liquids. This study sought to determine the effect of three distinct mixing methods on the resulting thickness of ready to feed infant formulas mixed to Mildly and Moderately Thick (International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative [IDDSI] Levels 2 and 3) with three different thickening agents. Eight commercially available infant formulas were mixed with three different thickening agents by three different mixing methods. The IDDSI Syringe Flow Test was used to categorize the thickened formulas. Chi square analyses were completed to determine the impact of mixing method on the thickened formulas. The majority (94%) of thickened formula combinations prepared to a target Mildly Thick consistency produced thickened formula that was thinner or thicker than the target. In contrast, the majority (76%) of thickened formula combinations prepared to a target Moderately Thick (IDDSI Level 3) consistency produced thickened formula that was equivalent to the target consistency. A statistically significant relationship was found between mixing methods and resulting IDDSI category for samples mixed to a target of Moderately Thick. The thickening agent and method of mixing must be considered carefully when preparing infant formulas to Mildly and Moderately Thick target IDDSI categories. Based on results of this study, it is recommended that providers utilize a clinical testing method, such as the IDDSI Syringe Flow Test, when attempting to create a Mildly Thick formula consistency.
How guilty and innocent suspects perceive the police and themselves: suspect interviews in Germany
Authors: May Lennart , Gewehr Elsa , Zimmermann Johannes , Raible Yonna , Volbert Renate 
Published: October 2020

PurposeSuspects are central participants of a police interview and can provide crucial information on the interview interactions with the interviewers. This study examined how the way suspects perceive interviews relates to (a) their reported status of being guilty or innocent and (b) their decision to confess or deny.MethodsA total of 250 convicted offenders completed a two‐part questionnaire on their perceptions during the most recent suspect interview in which they had confessed to or denied a crime they had committed (Part 1) or not committed (Part 2).ResultsParticipants reported a total of 334 police interviews – 223 for which they reported being guilty and 111 for which they reported being innocent. An exploratory factor analysis showed that three latent factors described how they viewed the interviewers and themselves: Respectful‐Open Behaviors (non‐accusatorial interviewer behaviour, and no pressure in suspects), Confession‐Oriented Tactics by the interviewer (minimization and maximization tactics), and Suspects’ Psychological Distress (insecurity, fear, and lack of self‐confidence). Suspects perceived less Psychological Distress and less Respectful‐Open Behaviors in reported innocent (vs. guilty) interview situations. In reported guilty interview situations, confessions were associated positively with Respectful‐Open Behaviors and Suspects’ Psychological Distress, whereas denials were associated positively with Confession‐Oriented Tactics. Innocent interview situations showed a positive correlation between confessions and Suspects’ Psychological Distress.ConclusionsIn this study, suspects deliver an important message to the police and the legal system: The findings substantiate the benefits of an open‐minded interviewing approach, and fail to support a confession‐oriented interrogation approach.
Learning the Law of Reflection: Event‐Related Potentials of Children Aged 6–12 during Educational Video Game Play
Authors: Schroer Joseph E. , Thomas Robin D. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThis exploratory study investigated behavioral and neural correlates of spatial reasoning in 21 children aged 6–12 years‐old during educational video game play. Behavioral measures included child performance in learning the concept during the pretest, practice, and posttest portions of the game. Neural correlates using electroencephalography focused on event‐related potentials, N2 and P3, and joint‐time frequencies specifically alpha at three sites; F3, F4, and Pz. Results indicate that all of the participants exhibited naïve conceptions regarding the optics concept, and children 8–12 were successful in learning through video game play. Analyses of correct versus incorrect trials uncovered several interaction effects at the left superior frontal sulcus (F3). Suppression of alpha waves at F3 coincided with correct responses on the posttest. We conclude that suppression of alpha at F3 is essential for spatial concept learning and suggest further research into the field of optical spatial reasoning and spatial learning limitations exhibited by young children.
Analysis of the organization and expression patterns of the convergent Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasR/rsaL gene pair uncovers mutual influence
Authors: Schinner Silvia , Preusse Matthias , Kesthely Christopher , Häussler Susanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe two adjacent genes encoding the major Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum‐sensing regulator, LasR, and its opponent, RsaL, overlap in their coding 3′ ends and produce mRNA transcripts with long untranslated 3′ ends that overlap with the sense transcripts of the gene on the opposing DNA strand. In this study, we evaluated whether the overlapping genes are involved in mutual regulatory events and studied interference by natural antisense transcripts. We introduced various gene expression constructs into a P. aeruginosa PA14 lasR/rsaL double deletion mutant, and found that although complementary RNA is produced, this does not interfere with the sense gene expression levels of lasR and rsaL and does not have functional consequences on down‐stream gene regulation. Nevertheless, expression of lasR, but not of rsaL, was shown to be enhanced if transcription was terminated at the end of the respective gene so that no overlapping transcription was allowed. Our data indicate that the natural organization with a partial overlap at the 3′ ends of the lasR/rsaL genes gives rise to a system of checks and balances to prevent dominant and unilateral control by LasR over the RsaL transcriptional regulator of opposing function.
Triplanar Chevron Osteotomy: A Newly Proposed Method to Treat Hallux Valgus Deformities
Authors: Guo Jia‐liang , Dong Wei‐chong , Shang Mei‐shuang , Zhao Kuo , Li Jun‐yong , Hou Zhi‐yong , Zhang Ying‐ze 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo present a novel method called triplanar chevron osteotomy to treat hallux valgus (HV).MethodsThis is a retrospective study. In this study, the CT data of HV patients with painful callosities were evaluated retrospectively between 1 June 2018 and 1 June 2020. CT data from 49 consecutive patients (59 feet) with HV were evaluated. The average age at the time of surgery was 49.6 years (range, 30–63 years). The apex of the chevron osteotomy procedure was located at the center of the first metatarsal and was defined as the line formed by the central point perpendicular to the fourth metatarsal bone. The cut planes of the plantarward oblique chevron osteotomy (POCO) were defined as follows: chevron osteotomy along with 20° of plantarward obliquity. The triplanar osteotomy incision was made using the POCO method, with the direction inclined by 10° distally. The intermetatarsal angle (IMA), the HV angle (HVA), the projection of the second metatarsal (PSM), the metatarsal protrusion index (MPI), and the metatarsal protrusion distance (MPD) were all calculated before and after the operations. The length of the first metatarsal was measured and calculated with an equation.ResultsThe results showed that the HVA was significantly decreased after surgery (32.7° ± 4.6° vs 14.9° ± 2.1°, t = 25.583, P < 0.001) in the triplanar, traditional, and POCO groups. The IMA was also significantly decreased (14.7° ± 2.0°) compared with the results before surgery (8.0° ± 1.1°, t = 22.739, P < 0.001) in these groups. Compared with traditional osteotomy and POCO, there were no differences in correcting deformities on axial planes for the HVA (14.5° ± 1.7° vs 14.9° ± 2.1°, t = 1.835, P = 0.072) and IMA (8.1° ± 1.1° vs 8.0° ± 1.1°, t = −0.97, P = 0.336). There was a statistically significant decrease following surgery in terms of the PSM, MPI, and MPD after triplanar osteotomy. The length of the first metatarsal increased (10.9 ± 1.3 mm), as measured through three‐dimensional images in the triplanar osteotomy group. The length was calculated as follows: H = L2 * Tan θ ≈ L/COS β * Tan θ.ConclusionThe new triplanar osteotomy technique is safe and effective for treating HV, and in simulation experiments reveals potential benefits of correction and preventing transfer metatarsalgia.
Functional Comparison of Horizontal Mattress Suture VersusFree‐Edge Suture in the All‐Inside Arthroscopic Broström–Gould Procedure for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Feng Shi‐Ming , Han Meng , Wang Ai‐Guo , Fan Jia‐Qiang 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical outcomes of horizontal mattress suture vs free‐edge suture in the all‐inside arthroscopic Broström–Gould procedure.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 68 chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) patients who underwent either a horizontal mattress suture or a free‐edge suture all‐inside arthroscopic Broström–Gould procedure from January 2014 to January 2017. Patients were divided into two groups based on the suture fashion during the all‐inside arthroscopic Broström–Gould procedure. In the horizontal mattress suture group (n = 31), anchor sutures were used to suture the ATFL, capsule, and inferior extensor retinaculum in horizontal mattress suture fashion. In the free‐edge suture group (n = 37), anchor sutures were used to suture the ATFL, capsule, and inferior extensor retinaculum in free‐edge suture fashion. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), Anterior Talar Translation (ATT), the rate of return to sports, and ankle proprioceptive recovery were compared in both groups.ResultsThe operative times and duration of hospitalization between the two groups were comparable (all P > 0.05). The VAS, AOFAS, ATT, the rate of return to sports, and ankle proprioceptive recovery were comparable between the horizontal mattress suture and free‐edge suture groups at 1 and 2 years after surgery. Patients of the free‐edge suture group achieved better KAFS 1 and 2 years after the surgery compared with those of the horizontal mattress suture group. In both groups, incisions were healed by first intention, and complications such as infection, implant reactions, tendon injury, and nervous or vascular injuries were not observed. The ankle proprioceptive recovery in horizontal mattress suture and free‐edge suture groups showed no significant differences at 1 and 2 years after surgery. The mean time of the return to full activity for patients in the horizontal mattress suture group was 10.38 ± 2.02 (range 8 to 12) weeks vs 8.63 ± 2.31 (range 8 to 12) weeks for those in the free‐edge suture group (P = 0.001, power = 0.907). The exercise participation rates were comparable between groups (P > 0.05). At the 2‐year follow‐up, all patients regained normal activities and ankle stability, and no recurrence of CLAI or revision surgery was recorded.ConclusionAll‐inside arthroscopic Broström–Gould surgery for the treatment of CLAI ensures a better functional effect (KAFS) and better recovery time when free‐edge suture is used instead of horizontal mattress suture.
Root discoloration and shoot symptoms in silver birch afterPhytophthorainfectionin vitro
Authors: Hamberg L. , Poimala A. , Velmala S. , Perttunen J. , Muilu‐Mäkelä R. , Sievänen R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere are no records of established plant pathogenicPhytophthoraspecies in Finnish forests, but they are likely in the future. Therefore, the effects ofPhytophthorainoculations on young, ca. 2‐month‐old silver birch (Betula pendula) seedling roots and shoots were investigated.Visual inspection of dark discoloration, direct PCR and re‐isolation, and detailed root morphology analyses were used to evaluate the effects ofPhytophthorainoculation on roots. Symptoms in leaves and stems were also recorded.Phytophthorawas successfully re‐isolated from 67% of the surface‐sterilized roots of inoculated seedlings, but not from the non‐inoculated control seedlings. Dark discolorations were found more often in the root segments of inoculated seedlings than in control seedlings. In thePhytophthora‐treated seedlings, discoloured root segments were usually linked and found primarily in the main root or lateral roots attached to it, whereas in the control seedlings a few single discoloured root segments were scattered throughout the root systems. The number of root segments was lower in the inoculated than in the control seedlings, indicating root loss afterPhytophthorainoculation. In the shoots of inoculated birches, leaf and shoot wilting was observed.The appearance of wilting in shoots without visible dark discoloration in the base of stems indicated that symptoms originated from roots inoculated withPhytophthora.
Intraspecific variability of specific leaf area fosters the persistence of understorey specialists across a light availability gradient
Authors: Chelli S. , Ottaviani G. , Simonetti E. , Campetella G. , Wellstein C. , Bartha S. , Cervellini M. , Canullo R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Forest understorey plants are sensitive to light availability, and different species groups can respond differently to changing light conditions. A plant trait tightly linked to light capture is specific leaf area (SLA). Studies considering the relative role of within‐ and among‐species SLA variation across different species groups (e.g. specialists and generalists) are rarely implemented in temperate forest understories varying in their maturity.

We examined community‐level SLA patterns of beech forest understories along a light availability gradient, and for habitat specialists and generalists separately. We then disentangled and quantified the contribution of intraspecific trait variability and interspecific trait differences in shaping SLA patterns.

We revealed that the increase in community‐level SLA with decreasing light availability was primarily driven by beech forest specialists (and, to a lesser extent, by forest generalists), and this pattern was mainly determined by specialists’ high intraspecific variability. Community‐level SLA was therefore formed by different responses at different organizational levels, i.e. within and among species, and for separate species groups.

This study provides insights into factors shaping the shade tolerance strategy in beech forest understorey plants; specialists persistence under putative less favourable conditions (i.e. high irradiation) may be fostered by their ability to adjust their light capture strategies intraspecifically.