bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+‐activated Ba2Mg(PO4)2 phosphor
Authors: Ramteke S.K. , Kokode N.S. , Yerpude A.N. , Nikhare G.N. , Dhoble S.J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we have reported the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the Ba2Mg(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphor synthesized using a wet chemical method. The preliminary scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of the sample revealed irregular surface morphology with particle sizes in the 10–50 μm range. The strongest PL excitation peak was observed at 396 nm. The emission spectra indicated that this phosphor can be effectively excited by the 396 nm wavelength. Upon 396 nm excitation, the emission spectrum showed characteristics peaks located at 592 nm and 615 nm. These intense orange‐red emission peaks were obtained due to f→f transitions of Eu3+ ions. The emission peak at 592 nm is referred to as the magnetic dipole 5D0→7F1 transition and the emission peak at 615 nm corresponded to the electric dipole 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the Ba2Mg(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphor were found to be (0.586, 0.412) for wavelength 592 nm and (0.680, 0.319) for wavelength 615 nm situated at the edge of the CIE diagram, indicating high colour purity of phosphors. Due to the high emission intensity and a good excitation profile, Eu3+‐doped Ba2Mg(PO4)2 phosphor may be a promising orange‐red phosphor candidate for solid‐state lighting applications.
Why a grassroots Summer Institutes model failed: Exploring obstacles to evidence‐based teaching awareness in low‐awareness, low‐support contexts
Authors: Fendos Justin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs a global phenomenon, the spread of evidence‐based teaching (EBT) in STEM education has been very uneven. Outside of the United States, parts of Europe, and Oceania, EBT awareness is generally regarded as being extremely low. In the United States, programs like the Summer Institutes (SI) have been used to help disseminate awareness and train faculty, precipitating efforts to understand EBT implementation barriers. Such studies have implied a distinction between awareness (the process in which instructors become cognizant of EBT) and enactment (the application of EBT practices in teaching) while generally focusing on the latter in contexts already endowed with high awareness or high support. As a result, very little is known about obstacles to EBT awareness in low‐awareness, low‐support contexts (LALSCs). The present study explores these through interviews and surveys of higher education STEM instructors in South Korea. Our interest was prompted by the failed attempt to implement a nationally accessible, grassroots EBT awareness program modeled off the SI. Several reasons for disinterest in EBT are revealed while faculty with and without research obligations were found to hold significantly different views about the utility of new teaching methods. Potential solutions for improving awareness are explored, revealing institutional supports and mandates through authority as the two options most likely to be effective. It is hoped this work may be used to inform the design of more effective EBT awareness programs, especially those in LALSCs.
Nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Baseline characteristics and early outcomes
Authors: Al‐Khaled Mohamed , Awwad Samer , Brüning Toralf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and PurposeHemorrhagic stroke, particularly nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH), is a cerebrovascular condition with unfavorable outcomes. The aims of the present study were to evaluate patients who suffered from SICH and investigate the early outcomes in a single‐center study.MethodsDuring a study ‐period of 6 years (2008–2014), 613 consecutive patients (mean age, 72 ± 12.7 years; 51.1% female), who suffered from nontraumatic SICH and were treated at the Department of Neurology at the University Hospital of Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany, were included and prospectively analyzed.ResultsDuring a mean hospitalization time of 12 days, 148 patients (24.1%) died, 47% of those within the first 2 days and 79% within the first week. The patients who died stayed at the hospital for a shorter time (3) than those who survived (p < .001). In the multivariate logistic regression, following parameters were found to be associated with the in‐hospital mortality: female sex (OR, 2.0; 95%‐CI, 1.2–3.4; p = .009), a NIHSS score> 10 (OR, 10.5; 95%‐CI, 5.6–19.5; p < .001), history of hypertension (OR, 0.35; 95%‐CI, 0.19–0.64; p = .001), previous oral anticoagulation (OR, 2; 95%‐CI, 1.0–3.8; p = .032), and intraventricular extension of hemorrhage (OR, 2.8; 95%‐CI, 1.7–4.7; p = .001). At discharge, 192 patients (41.2%) showed favorable outcomes (mRS ≤ 2) whereas the median mRS of patients who survived was 3 (IQR 2–4). The good functional outcome at discharge from the acute hospital was decreased by an age> 70 years (OR, 0.56; 95%‐CI, 0.35–0.9; p = .017), NIHSS score> 10 at admission (OR, 0.07; 95%‐CI, 0.04–0.13; p < .001), and development of pneumonia during hospitalization (OR, 0.35; 95%‐CI, 0.2–0.6; p < .001).ConclusionThe present study showed that SICH is a serious disease causing high mortality and disability, particularly in the early period after event.
The Promotion Effect of NaCl on the Conversion of Xylose to Furfural†
Authors: Li Zheng , Luo Yiping , Jiang Zhicheng , Fang Qianying , Hu Changwei 
Published: December 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionIn this work, the promotion effect of NaCl on the conversion of xylose to furfural in H2O was studied. It was found that xylose conversion and furfural yield increased with NaCl concentration. NaCl decreased the pH of the solution providing H+ for the acid catalytic dehydration of xylose. The formation of oligomers was determined by GPC and ESI‐MS in the initial stage of reaction, especially at low temperature. Excess NaCl promoted the formation of humins in the late stage of the reaction. NaCl could also change the decomposition route of formic acid. Meanwhile, NaCl had the ability of phase separation. Combining these effects with organic solvent during the reaction could inhibit the formation of humins and increase the yield of furfural. In NaCl‐H2O‐THF biphasic system without other catalyst, the optimal furfural yield of 76.7% and selectivity of 77.6% were achieved at 463 K in 2 h.
An Insoluble Anthraquinone Dimer with Near‐Plane Structure as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jixing , Su Hai , Wang Zhuanping , Sun Pengfei , Xu Yunhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConjugated carbonyl‐based organic electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries have gained increasing interests owing to their many advantages such as resource abundance and sustainable development. However, serious dissolution in organic liquid electrolytes is often encountered, resulting in inferior electrochemical performance such as poor cycling stability. Herein, a new molecular design strategy was developed to address the dissolution issue of 9,10‐anthraquinone (AQ). An AQ dimer with near‐plane molecular structure, 1,4‐bis(9,10‐anthraquinonyl)benzene (BAQB), was facilely synthesized. The near‐plane structure was proved by DFT calculations. It was found that the obtained BAQB was insoluble in ether electrolyte. Compared to AQ, BAQB displayed remarkably enhanced cycling stability. After 100 cycles at 0.2 C, a high capacity retention of 91.6 % was achieved (195 mAh g−1). BAQB also exhibited excellent rate performance (138 mAh g−1 at 10 C). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the near‐plane molecular design concept. This work provides a new idea for rational molecular design to inhibit the dissolution of conjugated carbonyl‐based organic electrode materials.
High‐resolution distribution modeling of a threatened short‐range endemic plant informed by edaphic factors
Authors: Tomlinson Sean , Lewandrowski Wolfgang , Elliott Carole P. , Miller Ben P. , Turner Shane R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Short‐range endemic plants often have edaphic specializations that, with their restricted distributions, expose them to increased risk of anthropogenic extinction.

Here, we present a modeling approach to understand habitat suitability for Ricinocarpos brevis R.J.F.Hend. & Mollemans (Euphorbiaceae), a threatened shrub confined to three isolated populations in the semi‐arid south‐west of Western Australia. The model is a maximum entropy species distribution projection constructed on the basis of physical soil characteristics and geomorphology data at approximately 25 m2 (1 arc‐second) resolution.

The model predicts the species to occur on shallow, low bulk density soils that are located high in the landscape. The model shows high affinity (72.1% average likelihood of occurrence) for the known populations of R. brevis, as well as identifying likely locations that are not currently known to support the species. There was a strong relationship between the likelihood of R. brevis occurrence and soil moisture content that the model estimated at a depth of 20 cm.

We advocate that our approach should be standardized using publicly available data to generate testable hypotheses for the distribution and conservation management of short‐range endemic plant species for all of continental Australia.
Modification of pool boiling regimes by sand deposition
Authors: Mazor Gedalia , Ladizhensky Izhak , Shapiro Alexander , Nemirovsky Dimitry 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSand spots, attached to a copper ball surface by means of polyvinyl acetate adhesive and distributed over the surface with areal density that ranges between one spot per 1.18 cm2 (for low‐density spots) and one spot per 0.51 cm2 (for high‐density spots), serve as a temporary heat transfer enhancer during the quenching in liquid nitrogen. Highest heat flux densities, achieved during quenching, lie in the range 10.8 to 20.2 W/cm2, depending on the sand layer structure. Application of the temporary enhancer increases an amount of heat, evacuated by highly effective nucleate and transition boiling, by factor of 4.5 as compared with the bare sample. The process of sand layer preparation, data acquisition peculiarities, relationship between heat exchange efficiency and the spots areal density, along with sand grit size are discussed in this paper.
Perceptions of well‐being among pharmacy residents and residency program directors
Authors: LeDoux Heather , Bowers Riley , Shapiro Michael , Ghassemi Emily 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionDecreased well‐being in medical careers has resulted in increased burnout, errors, and patient mortality rates. However, while well‐being and burnout of providers and medical residents has been studied previously, it is difficult to apply this information to pharmacy residents as the programs are different in time, focus, and requirements. In addition, differences in resident demographics and goals further elucidate difficulties in applying these findings to well‐being of pharmacy residents. With residency program directors (RPDs) often having the first and most frequent contact with pharmacy residents, ensuring these individuals better understand resident well‐being could facilitate increased well‐being and satisfaction, as well as stronger connections to the program itself.ObjectiveThe primary objective was to identify discrepancies between residents and RPDs in the perception of resident well‐being.MethodsThis was a pilot cohort study. Resident and RPD responses were solicited utilizing Listservs of RPDs in 15 states, as well as platforms such as the North Carolina Association of Pharmacist's Residency Community.ResultsResidents reported a statistically significant lower overall well‐being, with only 49.1% of respondents reporting a “good” or “great” level of well‐being, as compared with 80.1% of RPDs reporting their residents' well‐being as “good” or “great” (P < .001). Secondary end points, such as perception of communication, relationships, and emotional health, revealed similar significant results of RPDs' higher perception of resident well‐being in comparison with resident responses. Of the 15 secondary end points evaluated, 13 showed residents reporting a lower well‐being score compared with the RPDs' perception.ConclusionThere is a large disparity between residents' perception and RPDs' perception of well‐being. This disparity should be viewed as an opportunity to foster conversation, improve well‐being, and implement change in pharmacy residencies across the country. Further studies could be beneficial in understanding specific, successful initiatives that promote higher well‐being scores among pharmacy residents.
Reaction of small molecules O2, NO, CO, and the Naldini salt (PPh3)2MnBr2: Characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Huang Bo‐Wei , Nguyen Minh‐Trung , Hsieh Chung‐Hung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAddition of 2 equiv. of PPh3 to MnBr2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution under N2 atmosphere results in the formation of Naldini salt (PPh3)2MnBr2 (1). Reaction of Complex 1 and O2, NO, and CO (with reducing agent) leads to Complex (OPPh3)2MnBr2 (2), (PPh3)2Mn(NO)Br2 (3), and (PPh3)2Mn(CO)3Br (4), respectively. Both Complexes 2 and 4 crystallize in the triclinic space group P‐1 with a = 9.94 Å, b = 10.11 Å, c = 10.53 Å; α = 65.42°, β = 63.16°, and γ = 89.22° of 2 and a = 10.23 Å, b = 12.26 Å, c = 14.44 Å and α = 97.03°, β = 104.34°, and γ = 106.33° of 4. The isoelectronic replacement of 3CO with 2NO yields the {Mn(NO)2}8 species (PPh3)2Mn(NO)2Br (5). The single crystal of 5 is in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 23.17 Å, b = 9.62 Å, c = 15.92 Å, and β = 114.91°. In the THF solution, Complex 5 serves as an NO source in the presence of NO trapping, Co(TPP), Co(TPP) = 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphine cobalt(II).
The Levodopa Response Varies in Pathologically Confirmed Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pitz Vanessa , Malek Naveed , Tobias Edward S. , Grosset Katherine A. , Gentleman Steve , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundA good response to levodopa is a key feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), and a poor response suggests an alternative diagnosis, but the extent of variation in the levodopa response in definite PD is not well defined.Literature ReviewA systematic review of articles reporting pathologically confirmed PD and levodopa responsiveness from 1971 to 2018 was performed using the medical subheadings “postmortem,” “Parkinson's disease,” "levodopa," and “l‐dopa” in PubMed, Embase, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases.CasesA total of 12 articles described 445 PD cases: 61.7% male, age at disease onset 64.0 years (SD 9.6), age at death 77.1 years (SD 7.2). Levodopa responsiveness was reported in 399 cases (89.7%) either as a graded or a binary response. In the 280 cases (70.2%) describing a graded response, it was excellent in 37.5%, good in 45.7%, moderate in 12.1%, and poor in 4.6%. In the 119 cases describing a binary response (29.8%), 73.1% were levodopa responsive, and 26.9% were nonresponsive. Comorbid brain pathology was present in 137 of 235 cases assessed, being cerebrovascular in 46.0% and Alzheimer's disease in 37.2% of these, but its contribution to levodopa responsiveness was unclear.ConclusionsThe levodopa motor response varies in definite PD. Explanations other than diagnostic inaccuracy should be explored.
Detection of acute kidney injury with hyperpolarized [13C, 15N]Urea and multiexponential relaxation modeling
Authors: Grist James T. , Mariager Christian Østergaard , Qi Haiyun , Nielsen Per Mose , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo assess the utility of Laplacian fitting to describe the differences in hyperpolarized [13C, 15N]urea T2 relaxation in ischemic and healthy rodent kidneys.MethodsSix rats with unilateral renal ischemia were investigated. [13C, 15N]Urea T2 mapping was undertaken with a radial fast spin echo method, with subsequent postprocessing performed with regularized Laplacian fitting.ResultsSimulations showed that Laplacian fitting was stable down to a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 20. In vivo results showed a significant increase in the mono‐ and decrease in biexponential pools in ischemia reperfusion injury kidneys, in comparison to healthy (14 ± 10% versus 4 ± 2%, 85 ± 10% versus 95 ± 3%; P < .05).ConclusionWe demonstrate, for the first time, the differences in multiexponential behavior of [13C, 15N]urea between the healthy and ischemic rodent kidney. The distribution of relaxation pools were found to be both visually and numerically significantly different. The ability to improve the information level in hyperpolarized MR, by using the relaxation contrast mechanisms is an appealing option, that can easily be adopted in large animals and even in clinical studies in the near future.
Development of an infinite element boundary to model gravity for subsurface civil engineering applications
Authors: Haji Twana Kamal , Faramarzi Asaad , Metje Nicole , Chapman David , Rahimzadeh Farough 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe accurate modelling of gravity is of crucial importance for a variety of issues including, but not restricted to, the identification of buried objects. Gravity is an unbounded problem, which causes challenges when applying numerical models, i..e.., it results in computational difficulties when specifying the relevant boundary conditions. In order to address this, previous research has tended to generate artificial boundary conditions, e.g., truncating the simulated domain and adding many unrealistic zero‐density layers, which introduces more unknown parameters and unnecessarily excessive computational time. In order to overcome such inaccuracies, this paper proposes an innovative development of the finite element modelling technique, which represents a step change in the field of gravity forward modelling. A comprehensive formulation of an infinite element to reproduce the far‐field boundary effect using only one layer of infinite elements is presented. The developed model considerably reduces the computational time while obtaining high degrees of accuracy. The model is validated against the exact solution of the problem, and its results show an excellent performance. The proposed method can significantly improve the postprocessing and interpretation stages of data analysis relevant to micro‐gravity sensors. The new method is applied to subsurface civil engineering although its applicability is manifold.
A plasticity constitutive model for unsaturated, anisotropic, nonexpansive soils
Authors: Sitarenios Panagiotis , Kavvadas Michael 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe paper describes and evaluates an incremental plasticity constitutive model for unsaturated, anisotropic, nonexpansive soils (CMUA). It is based on the modified Cam‐Clay (MCC) model for saturated soils and enhances it by introducing anisotropy (via rotation of the MCC yield surface) and an unsaturated compressibility framework describing a double dependence of compressibility on suction and on the degree of saturation of macroporosity. As the anisotropic and unsaturated features can be activated independently, the model is downwards compatible with the MCC model. The CMUA model can simulate effectively: the dependence of compressibility on the level of developed anisotropy, uniqueness of critical state independent of the initial anisotropy, an evolving compressibility during constant suction compression, and a maximum of collapse. The model uses Bishop's average skeleton stress as its first constitutive variable, favouring its numerical implementation in commercial numerical analysis codes (eg, finite element codes) and a unified treatment of saturated and unsaturated material states.
Do Housing Vouchers Improve Academic Performance? Evidence from New York City
Authors: Schwartz Amy Ellen , Horn Keren Mertens , Ellen Ingrid Gould , Cordes Sarah A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Housing Choice Voucher program is currently the largest federally funded housing assistance program. Although the program aims to provide housing assistance, it also could affect children's educational outcomes by stabilizing their families, enabling them to move to better homes, neighborhoods, and schools, and increasing their disposable incomes. Using data from New York City, the nation's largest school district, we examine whether—and to what extent—housing vouchers improve educational outcomes for students whose families receive them. We match over 88,000 school‐age voucher recipients to longitudinal public school records and estimate the impact of vouchers on academic performance through a comparison of students’ performance on standardized tests after voucher receipt to their pre‐voucher performance. We exploit the conditionally random timing of voucher receipt to estimate a causal model. Results indicate that students in voucher households perform 0.05 standard deviations better in both English Language Arts and Mathematics in the years after they receive a voucher. We see significant racial differences in impacts, with small or no gains for black students but significant gains for Hispanic, Asian, and white students. Impacts appear to be driven largely by reduced rent burdens, increased disposable income, or a greater sense of residential security.
Quantum Dots Luminescence Collection Enhancement and Nanoscopy by Dielectric Microspheres
Authors: Biccari Francesco , Hamilton Travis , Ristori Andrea , Sanguinetti Stefano , Bietti Sergio , Gurioli Massimo , Mohseni Hooman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent years, dielectric microspheres have been used in conjunction with optical microscopes to beat the diffraction limit and to obtain superresolution imaging. The use of microspheres on quantum dots (QDs) is investigated, for the first time, to enhance the light coupling efficiency. The enhancement of the QD luminescence collection in terms of extraction and directionality is demonstrated, as well as the enhancement of spatial resolution. In particular, it is found that a dielectric microsphere, placed on top of an epitaxial QD, increases the collected radiant energy by about a factor of 42, when a low numerical aperture objective is used. Moreover, if two or more QDs are present below the microsphere, the modification of the far field emission pattern allows selective collection of the luminescence from a single QD by simply changing the collection angle. Dielectric microspheres present a simple and efficient tool to improve the QD spectroscopy, and potentially QD‐based devices.