bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Performance of Check Valve at a Long Distance Pumping System
Authors: Bi Huili , Fan Honggang , Cao Bin , Xu Yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Experimental investigations of dynamic characteristics of the check valve are a contribution work to provide boundary condition to check valve mathematical simulation. The closure process of the check valve was tested. The changing processes of inlet and outlet pressure were performed.
Based on the experiment system and the measured quantities, mathematical models were established to study the test. Numerical calculation was mainly focus on when valve starting to close and the closing characteristic time.
The paper simulated the different minimum velocities that the valve started to close at. Simulation results approximated to test data when the check valve started to close at a larger flow velocity and a shorter closing characteristic time. The closing characteristic time was discussed when check valves closing on a certain velocity.
Following the closure rule of check valve got during the simulation, the paper studied the check valve acting on a long distance pumping system. Two part contents were studied: only check valve arranged along pipeline, both air admission valve and check valves arranged.
Along the pipeline seven check valves were arranged, the pump power failure condition was calculated and check valves were closed because of the flow velocity decreased. The result showed negative pressure was large when installed just a finite number of check valves along pipeline.
Gas admission valves were arranged to negative pressure prevention. Two check valves were respectively arranged at the pump outlet and pipeline. The pressure transient peak at pump outlet will be dropped a lot with the check valve at pipeline closed; the maximum pressure transient peak along pipeline is appeared at check valve outlet on the pipeline under the pump power failure condition. The negative pressure in front pipes could be prevented by installing gas admission valve. Through the check valves and gas admission valves combined action, both the pressure and backflow were well controlled.
Model Based Determination of Size and Location of a Crack in a Rotor System Using Wavelet Transformation and Pattern Search Optimization
Authors: Vashisht Rajiv Kumar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Real rotor with multiple disks, ball bearings and flexible bearing supports has been considered in the present work. Reduced order model required for simulations of the dynamic system is developed using multi-objective genetic algorithms by matching its dynamic response with full order Finite Element Method based model. This enables us the possibility of including ball bearing dynamics as well as experimental data in model updating. In a rotating machinery, multiple types of faults can be expected during its service life, such as transverse breathing crack, looseness of bearing supports and unbalance. Rotor crack can be quantified by using the dynamic response of the rotor under coast up conditions in open loop situation using Pattern Search optimization. Wavelet transformations are used to denoise the signal and enhance the estimation accuracy.
Sparse Scaling Iterative Closest Point for Rail Profile Inspection
Authors: Yang Yue , Liu Long , Yi Bing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The accuracy of rail profile inspections is critical for guaranteeing transport security and rail maintenance, and hence the laser based rail profile inspection has been frequently used. However, there are two major challenges in practical applications: the distortion of the measured rail profile and the influences of noise and outliers. In this paper, the sparse scaling iterative closest point method is proposed for rail profile inspection. First, the existing challenges for processing the measured rail profile via a line laser sensor are generally described. After this, a robust registration energy function that evolves both the scale factor and lp norm is proposed for rail profile registration. Finally, the Hausdorff distance is adopted to visualize the matching results. The experiments indicate that the proposed method can both precisely rectify the distorted rail profile and avoid the influences of noise and outliers when compared with the conventional iterative closest point, sparse iterative closest point and reweighted-scaling closest point methods.
Smartphone As a Stand-Alone Device for Rendering, Visualization and Tracking for Use During Product Development in Virtual Reality (VR)
Authors: Mahboob Atif , Husung Stephan , Weber Christian , Liebal Andreas , Krömker Heidi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Product development process makes use of different models, methods and available technologies to validate product requirements at an early stage. Technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are increasingly finding their application in industry and in the product development process. VR has the potential to support the product evaluation process. However, the costly preparation of VR scenes and the expensive hardware needed for the implementation greatly limits its use in the industry. Normally, the different VR content development and rendering softwares are application specific and offer very limited interoperability or reuse of created content. In addition, the needed hardware usually consists of dedicated visualization computers, tracking sensors, interaction devices and requires a fixed installation space. The motivation for the work presented in this paper is to reduce the preparation effort, hardware cost and remove the need for a fixed installation usually required by VR.
The High-End smartphones of today from almost all the manufacturers can facilitate the development and stand-alone execution of VR and AR applications. However, the major application of Smartphone Virtual Reality (SVR) is mainly in the entertainment industry i.e. VR-gaming or visualization applications etc. VR until today is thought to be a visualization technology that requires special hardware for its implementation. There are hardly any applications of SVR in the industry today mainly because of two reasons. First, the position tracking against the user movement in the virtual scene is not readily available in SVR. It is usually achieved by attaching additional tracking devices to smartphones. Secondly, the smartphones themselves are not perceived as high-performance devices suitable for industrial simulations.
This paper discusses a method for efficient preparation of VR-scene along with their behavior simulations and presents a novel SVR application that eliminates the need for expensive VR hardware. The challenges and the requirements from the SVR along with the possible solutions are discussed in detail. The presented SVR application includes product behavior simulation and wireless communication with a laptop. An example product along with its behavior simulation sums-up the application of SVR in the product development process. The position tracking in SVR is implemented and an experiment compares the precision of this position tracking with the tracking achieved by a Head Mounted Display (HMD). The experimental setup along with the achieved results are also discussed. A user survey conducted for the smartphone VR application and the feedback of this survey is also presented in this paper.
Three-Dimensional Spatial Meshing Quality Pre-Control of Harmonic Drive Based on Double-Circular-Arc Tooth Profile
Authors: Xie Faxiang , Zhang Jing , Han Yinan , Wu Canyuan , Zhao Zhengyang , Zhan Min 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the current harmonic drive tooth profile design, the three-dimensional spatial spline tooth meshing is not fully considered, which results in problems such as inconsistence of harmonic gearing backlash, low loading capacity, low transmission accuracy and even meshing tooth profile interference in actual machining of the harmonic reducer. Based on this, this paper proposes a harmonic drive meshing quality test method at extremely low input speed based on tooth profile of double–circular-arc profile (DCTP). And combined with the theory of spatial multi-tooth meshing, the corresponding pre-control of different tooth profile modification is analyzed. The optimized non-interference three-dimensional spatial tooth profile modification method is proposed, which effectively reduces its transmission error.
Sliding Mode Set-Point Control of a Three-DOF Cable-Suspended Parallel Robot With Uncertain Mass and Disturbances
Authors: Ren Ping , Sheng Xu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cable-Suspended Parallel Robots (CSPRs) utilize winches and cables as the actuation scheme instead of rigid links, which renders them advantages of both parallel mechanisms and cable mechanisms. In this paper, a robust sliding mode controller was designed for a three-degree-of-freedom CSPR with uncertain end-effector mass and external disturbances. To control the motions of CSPRs is usually challenging due to the unidirectional constraints of cable tensions. Based on interval analysis, a set of analytical inequalities is obtained which establish the relationship between the cables’ tension constraints and the controller parameters. The sufficient conditions of the controller parameters satisfying the constraints are obtained for the set-point motion subject to uncertainties. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Contour Scanning Method With Inner Supports for Micro-Shell Structural Strengthening Strategy Based on Two-Photon Polymerization Technology
Authors: Tseng Yu-Wen , Liao Chao-Yaug , Tseng Chin-Huang , Chen Po-Kai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The traditional two-photon polymerization manufacturing technology encounters two difficulties in fabricating submillimeter/micron-scale structures: excessively long fabrication time and weak structural strength, causing collapse of the structure. To solve these problems, this research first develops a new laser scanning path planning strategy, namely, the contour scanning method with inner supports. The concept is to reduce the fabrication time by manufacturing only submillimeter/micron structural shells as well as to generate the support structure below the horizontal area of the shell to enhance the structural strength. In this study, a method for generating a laser scanning path is presented, and a simple micro-cuboid and a micro-calcaneus with complex shape are fabricated to verify the proposed method. The method can effectively reduce the fabrication time and prevent submillimeter/micron structure collapse.
Identification of a Laboratory Slide Drilling Experiment: The Relationship Between the Top Drive Rotation and the Tool-Face Angle
Authors: Chen Kaidong , Zhong Xiaoyu , Cheng Zaibin , Lu Yingjie , Lu Qiuhai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Slide drilling refers to the technology of creating a predetermined non-vertical wellbore with a bent housing positive displacement motor (PDM). It is widely adopted in the area of directional drilling. In practical drilling operation, the top drive on the ground introduces an angular rotation to the top of the drill string, and the PDM at the bottom of the drill string rotates accordingly. When the bend is pointed to the desired direction, the adjustment of the PDM stops and the drill string slides without rotation to make a deviation. Up till now, the relationship between the top drive displacement and the direction of the bend, namely the tool-face angle (−180° ∼ 180°), is still unclear. In this research, an indoor slide drilling experiment is carried out, and the nonlinear relationship between the top drive input and the tool-face output is recorded. The hysteretic phenomenon observed is consistent with the in-field experience, and a single-input-single-output (SISO) system is established to describe this relationship. The Volterra/ Wiener neural network (VWNN) is introduced to identify this system, and provides a one-step prediction of the tool-face output. The predicted tool-face output is verified by the experiment data.
A Proposal for Digital Imaging and Communication in Product Engineering Using CT Data
Authors: Hofmann Dirk , Sembdner Philipp , Holtzhausen Stefan , Stelzer Ralph 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The increasing complexity of products requires efficient computer-aided methods and tools in product development. Data and information from quality assurance, such as industrial computed tomography (iCT), are increasingly being used. With this technology it is possible to detect 3D information of internal structures and geometries and to use it for design and numerical issues within the product development.
The previous procedure for use CT data in the product development comprises several iterative step sequences. Starting first from an image stack a discrete model description, such as a STL file format (Standard Tessellation Language) is created. This data description can be used for numerous applications in the product development such as target-actual comparison in the component inspection. For information, which also exist during entry (f.e. production faults), there is no established process sequence. However, the characteristics on the errors can also contain causes for defects and should therefore take into account in product development. For this reason, a concept is presented in the following article to use CT data and additional information specifically for the product development. Using a continuous process chain between quality management (QM) and the product engineering this approach should be clarified. To integrate the description and characterization of the information an already existing standard will be used and extended accordingly.
An essential application of this approach is the component testing of additive manufactured parts by CT within the product development process. The combination of this Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)-Technology with the advantages of additive manufacturing processes such as the creation of internal structures makes a continuous process chain unavoidable. For this reason, an example of an additively manufactured impeller clarifies the approach.
Current State of the Art: Problem-Driven Multi-Functional Bio-Inspired Designs
Authors: Bhasin Devesh , McAdams Daniel A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The development of multi-functional designs is one of the prime reasons to adopt bio-inspired design in engineering design. However, the development of multi-functional bio-inspired designs is mostly solution-driven, in the sense that an available multi-functional solution drives the search for a problem that can be solved by implementing the available solution. The solution-driven nature of the approach restricts the engineering designers to the use of the function combinations found in nature. On the other hand, a problem-driven approach to multi-functional designs allows the designers to form some combination of functions best suited for the problem at hand. However, few works exist in the literature that focus on the development of multi-functional bio-inspired solutions from a problem-driven perspective.
In this work, we analyze the existing works that aid the designers in combining multiple biological strategies to develop multi-functional bio-inspired designs. The analysis is carried out by comparing and contrasting the existing frameworks that support multi-functional bio-inspired design generation. The criteria of comparison are derived from the steps involved in the unified problem-driven biomimetic approach. In addition, we qualitatively compare the multi-functional bio-inspired designs developed using existing frameworks to the multi-functional designs existing in biology. Our aim is to explore the capabilities and limitations of current methods to support the generation multi-functional bio-inspired designs.
Integrated System Design and Control Optimization of Hybrid Electric Propulsion System Using a Bi-Level, Nested Approach
Authors: Chen Li , Dong Huachao , Dong Zuomin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hybrid electric powertrain systems present as effective alternatives to traditional vehicle and marine propulsion means with improved fuel efficiency, as well as reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants. In this study, a new integrated, model-based design and optimization method for hybrid electric propulsion system of a marine vessel (harbor tugboat) has been introduced. The sizes of key hybrid powertrain components, especially the Li-ion battery energy storage system (ESS), which can greatly affect the ship’s life-cycle cost (LCC), have been optimized using the fuel efficiency, emission and lifecycle cost model of the hybrid powertrain system. Moreover, the control strategies for the hybrid system, which is essential for achieving the minimum fuel consumption and extending battery life, are optimized. For a given powertrain architecture, the optimal design of a hybrid marine propulsion system involves two critical aspects: the optimal sizing of key powertrain components, and the optimal power control and energy management. In this work, a bi-level, nested optimization framework was proposed to address these two intricate problems jointly. The upper level optimization aims at component size optimization, while the lower level optimization carries out optimal operation control through dynamic programming (DP) to achieve the globally minimum fuel consumption and battery degradation for a given vessel load profile. The optimized Latin hypercube sampling (OLHS), Kriging and the widely used Expected Improvement (EI) online sampling criterion are used to carry out “small data” driven global optimization to solve this nested optimization problem. The obtained results showed significant reduction of the vessel LCC with the optimized hybrid electric powertrain system design and controls. Reduced engine size and operation time, as well as improved operation efficiency of the hybrid system also greatly decreased the GHG emissions compared to traditional mechanical propulsion.
Metaheuristic Tuning and Practical Implementation of a PID Controller Employing Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Angel Luis , Viola Jairo , Vega Mauro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
PID controllers tuning is a complex task from the optimization perspective because it is a multiobjective optimization problem, which must ensure the accomplishment of a set of desired operating conditions of the closed-loop system as the overshoot, the settling time, and the steady state error. Employing metaheuristic optimization techniques is possible to find optimal solutions for the PID tuning multiobjective optimization problem with less computational cost. This paper presents the using of genetic algorithms as metaheuristic optimization technique for the tuning of a PID controller employed for the speed control of a motor-generator system. The genetic algorithm is designed to find the PID controller proportional, integral, and derivate terms that ensure the desired overshoot and settling time of the motor-generator system. The practical implementation of the PID controller is performed with a data acquisition card and the Matlab Stateflow toolbox. The proposed controller is contrasted with a PID controller tuned by the Internal Model Control technique. A robustness analysis is performed to evaluate the system response in the presence of the external disturbances. Obtained results shown that the PID controller tuned by genetic algorithm has a better response in the presence of external disturbances.
Visual Performance Evaluation of Helicopter Pilots in Vibrating Cockpit
Authors: Tamer Aykut , Zanoni Andrea , Cocco Alessandro , Masarati Pierangelo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rotorcraft are known to suffer from relatively high levels of vibration as compared to their fixed-wing counterpart, due to exposure to significant vibratory load levels. Pilots usually operate in a vibrating cockpit, and hence can suffer from degradation of their instrument reading performance. Therefore, the expected level of degradation in visual performance should be estimated when there is room for design changes. The present work demonstrates the evaluation of visual vibration degradation of helicopter pilots using a modular analysis environment. Core elements are an aeroelastic helicopter model, a seat-cushion model, a detailed human biodynamics multibody model, and a simplified model of ocular dynamics, which are assembled into an overall model. The contribution of each component is examined using a figure of merit that includes both eye and instrument panel vibration.
Mobile Robot Obstacle Avoidance Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Feng Shumin , Ren Hailin , Wang Xinran , Ben-Tzvi Pinhas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Obstacle avoidance is one of the core problems in the field of mobile robot autonomous navigation. This paper aims to solve the obstacle avoidance problem using Deep Reinforcement Learning. In previous work, various mathematical models have been developed to plan collision-free paths for such robots. In contrast, our method enables the robot to learn by itself from its experiences, and then fit a mathematical model by updating the parameters of a neural network. The derived mathematical model is capable of choosing an action directly according to the input sensor data for the mobile robot. In this paper, we develop an obstacle avoidance framework based on deep reinforcement learning. A 3D simulator is designed as well to provide the training and testing environments. In addition, we developed and compared obstacle avoidance methods based on different Deep Reinforcement Learning strategies, such as Deep Q-Network (DQN), Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) and DDQN with Prioritized Experience Replay (DDQN-PER) using our simulator.
Computational Design of Scheduling Strategies for Multi-Robot Cooperative 3D Printing
Authors: Poudel Laxmi , Zhou Wenchao , Sha Zhenghui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cooperative 3D printing (C3DP) is a novel approach to additive manufacturing, where multiple printhead-carrying mobile robots work together cooperatively to print a desired part. The core of C3DP is the chunk-based printing strategy in which the desired part is first split into smaller chunks, and then the chunks are assigned to individual printing robots. These robots will work on the chunks simultaneously and in a scheduled sequence until the entire part is complete. Though promising, C3DP lacks proper framework that enables automatic chunking and scheduling given the available number of robots. In this study, we develop a computational framework that can automatically generate print schedule for specified number of chunks. The framework contains 1) a random generator that creates random print schedule using adjacency matrix which represents directed dependency tree (DDT) structure of chunks; 2) a set of geometric constraints against which the randomly generated schedules will be checked for validation; and 3) a printing time evaluation metric for comparing the performance of all valid schedules. With the developed framework, we present a case study by printing a large rectangular plate which has dimensions beyond what traditional desktop printers can print. The study showcases that our computation framework can successfully generate a variety of scheduling strategies for collision-free C3DP without any human interventions.