bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BASIS PLURALIS-MULTIKULTURAL DI PESANTREN
Authors: Zaenuri Ahmad , Pratama Irja Putra 
Published: February 2020

This article aims to reveal the role of Nahdlatul Ulama culture boarding schools in instilling plurality and multicultural values in their education system. The focus of his research was conducted on two pesantren. Pesantren Salafiyah Syafiiyah and Pesantren Sirojut Tholibin Gorontalo. The research method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The data collection is done by interviewing the leaders of the pesantren and related parties. The information obtained is then reviewed and adjusted to data from observations and documentation. In this study the authors use educational theories about in, at and beyond the wall. Through the concept of education in the wall, the pesantren emphasizes lessons only on the religion it adheres to tafaqquh fi al-din without conducting dialogue on other religions. Meanwhile, through the concept at the wall, the pesantren does not only try to understand the religion it adopts, but also other religions. Meanwhile, the concept of beyond the wall pesantren requires not only understanding, but also living together in communities of different religions. Based on the results of the study concluded thatthe Pesantren Salafiyah-Syafiiyah and the Pesantren Sirojut Tholibin have been shown to have a significant role in establishing multicultural-pluralist values in accordance with the basic principles of the Nahdlatul Ulama-an. Basic principles such as Ukhuwah Wathaniyah (Brotherhood on the basis of equality of nationality / nationalism), Ukhuwah Insaniyyah (Brotherhood on the basis of humanity), to the attitudes of al-Ikhlas (sincerity), al-Adalah (justice), al-Tawassut (moderation), al-Tawazzun (balance), al-Tasamuh (tolerance) manifested in pesantrenan activities.
Ulrich Mücke y Marcel Velázquez (Eds.), Autobiografía del Perú republicano. Ensayos sobre historia y la narrativa del yo
Authors: Fernández Pozo Erik 
Published: February 2020

Ulrich Mücke y Marcel Velázquez Castro son los editores de Autobiografía del Perú republicano. Ensayos sobre historia y la narrativa del yo, libro de ensayos que tiene como tema los autodocumentos. Ellos unen el planoformal y social. Ulrich Mücke deja de lado las distinciones retóricas, ya que se enfoca en las construcciones de sentido: en este caso, este conjunto de ensayos enfatizan el plano social y la construcción de las figuras del yo através del tiempo. Como se verá a lo largo de esta obra, la voz del autodocumento existe desde el periodo colonial y se sigue manifestando hasta hoy, a pesar de sus limitaciones. Es importante señalar que este no es unlibro orgánico. Sin embargo, puede ser el primer aporte para hablar sobre las autobiografías y las memorias, que no han sido tratadas de manera suficiente. El libro tiene diez ensayos. El primero es una introducción a la autoescritura en el Perú, y se pasa por autobiografías, memorias y testimonios que, sin lugar a dudas, nos muestran no solo a individuos que hablande sí mismos, sino también es clara su relación con una época y una sociedad, con sus contradicciones y esperanzas.Ya en el segundo ensayo, «El cautiverio de la memoria: voces y subtextos en un autodocumento (1825) de Juan Bautista Túpac Amaru», de Marcel Velázquez Castro, podemos abrir con la pregunta: ¿quién es Juan Bautista Túpac Amaru? El autor estudia el libro de memorias El dilatado cautiverio bajo el gobierno español de Juan Bautista Tupamaru, 5.º nieto delúltimo emperador del Perú, en el que observa sus contradicciones. Señala que, al momento de iniciar la escritura, Juan Bautista es «una sombra, una huella viviente de la gran rebelión indígena de 1780» (p. 47). Las contradiccionesque el autor encuentra son numerosas: las alusiones al pasado toman como referente no a la historia quechua, sí a Sócrates, Esparta y Alejandro. Sin embargo, Juan Bautista se presenta como un sujeto que recuerda e interpreta, un crítico que puede revelar la doble moral de los españoles. Estas contradicciones presentan la interrogante medular del ensayo: ¿quién habla realmente en el texto de Juan Bautista Túpac Amaru? Mientras se intenta contestar esta interrogante, se describe cómo Juan Bautista realiza dos operaciones: establece una continuidad directa entre la conquista y la sublevación de 1780 y vincula la rebelión de Túpac Amaru con las guerras de la independencia. La victoria de los españoles sobre los indios no es explicada como un mandato divino, sino que es el resultado de la barbarie de los españoles: estos son sanguinarios, crueles, ignorantesy ladrones.
La crítica de Duns Scoto al concepto de verdad como primer objeto del intelecto. Antecedentes doctrinales de la controversia
Authors: Guerrero Troncoso Hernán 
Published: February 2020

Este trabajo presenta el examen crítico de Duns Scoto de la concepción de verdad de santo Tomás de Aquino y Enrique de Gante. De acuerdo con el Doctor Sutil, que sostiene que la noción de ser constituye el primer objeto adecuado del intelecto, las doctrinas de los otros dos Doctores pueden llevar a concluir que ese primer objeto consiste más bien en la verdad. Esta crítica es la base de la propia comprensión del maestro franciscano de la verdad, y por ende permite interpretar mejor el contexto especulativo enel que surge su comprensión. En la primera parte de este artículo, se expone la manera en que Scoto entiende la posición de sus predecesores sobre la verdad, y las críticas a dicha posición. En la segunda parte, se presentan las doctrinas de santo Tomás y Enrique de Gante, para constatar si en su examen el Doctor Sutil interpreta adecuadamente dichas doctrinas. En la parte conclusiva, se resumen los puntos principales de la crítica de Scoto, y se muestra cuál sería el interés especulativo de esta crítica a la noción de verdad. Enrique de Gante, interpretación, ontología, pensamiento escolástico, Tomás de Aquino (santo), trascendentales
A New Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Hongjun Zhao , Lu Xiaoxiao , Li Tiegang , Rao Boqi , Wang Dedong , Wu Di , Qiu Fuman , Yang Zhicong , Lu Jiachun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: An outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) was initially emerged in Wuhan city, and subsequently spread throughout China. Then the epidemic is rapidly circulating in a few other countries at present. So it is very urgent to delineate the clinical characteristics of these affected patients. METHODS: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of this new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a cross-sectional study was executed with 459 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China, from January 27 to February 12, 2020. RESULTS: The median age of all patients was 48.0 years, and 46.8% were females. 37.5% of patients had a history of residence in Wuhan. Fever (72.1%) and cough (43.6%) were the most frequent symptoms. We also found that there were three kinds of unconventional patients including 4.4% of total confirmed patients who were asymptomatic, 7.8% patients who had no link to Wuhan city but contact with individuals from Wuhan without any symptoms at the time of contact, and 10.7% who had no link to Wuhan city nor a history of intimate contact with patients or individuals from Wuhan without any symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings presented the possibility of asymptomatic carriers affected with SARS-CoV-2, and this phenomenon suggested that chances of uncontrollable transmission in the larger population might be higher than formerly estimated, and transmission by these three kinds of unconventional patients in Wenzhou may be one of the characteristics of infection in other Chinese cities outside the Wuhan epidemic area.
The clinical traits of acute pancreatitis in aging patients: a retrospective analysis of 473 cases
Authors: Lu Nonghua , Yu Bingjun , Xie Fengwen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The incidence of acute pancreatitis in aging patients has increasing in recent years. Controversial results about clinical outcomes of acute pancreatitis in aging patients were reported in different literature. The aim of our study was to compare the clinical outcomes of AP in aging patients between 60-79 years old and over 80 years old. Methods 80 patients aged ≥ 80 years old(oldest group) were compared to 393 patients aged 60 to 79 years old(older group). The clinical course, biochemical, radiological data were enrolled. The primary endpoint was to compare the death rate, intensive care unit admission rate and in-hospital length of stay(LOS). The secondary endpoint was operative treatment and the complications of AP. Results Abdominal symptom of abdominal pain (61.3% vs 46.3%, P=0.013) was less in oldest group, while diarrhea(18.3% vs 30.0%, P=0.018), jaundice(8.9% vs 17.5%, P=0.021), dyspnea(11.5% vs 26.3%, P=0.001) were more obvious in older group than oldest group. A higher death rate (8.9% vs 16.3%, P = 0.003) and longer hospital length of stay (11.51±10.19 vs 15.26±11.04, P = 0.001) were found in aging patients aged ≥80 years old. Mean BMI was lower in oldest group compared to older group(22.36±2.89 vs 21.07±3.18, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified aged over 80 years(OR 3.299, 95%CI 1.316-8.269, P=0.011) and organ failure(P<0.05) as independent risk factors of mortality. More severe of AP(OR 11.722, 95%CI 4.780-28.764, P=0.001), abdominal pain(OR 1.906, 95%CI 1.052-3.453, P=0.033) and organ failure(P<0.05) were recognized as influencing intensive care unit rate. Aging patients aged over 80 years old(OR 0.149, 95%CI 2.027-6.268, P=0.001), more severe of AP(OR 0.218, 95%CI 1.567-4.322, P=0.001), female(OR 0.093, 95%CI 0.336-3.542, P=0.018), Jaundice(OR 0.080, 95%CI 0.146-5.324, P=0.038), operative treatment(P<0.05) and organ failure(P<0.05) were the risk factors for LOS.
Simultaneous removal of BOD, N and P in a single continuous flow real scale activated sludge reactor with cyclic aeration
Authors: Orozco-Jaramillo Álvaro , Vélez-Velásquez Santiago 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present study evaluates the performance of a real scale domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), operating under continuous flow conditions with ‘extremely high sludge age’, designed to remove organic matter and perform nitrification-denitrification within a single reactor under cyclic aeration. Composite samples were withdrawn from the reactor for one week and their analysis results compared satisfactorily with the calculations of the design models. The WWTP is operating under stable conditions with a BOD5 removal of 86%, COD removal of 87%, TKN removal of 73% and, unexpectedly, a stable removal of 55% of total phosphorus. The design of the WWTP is simple and consists of a single aeration tank with a kinetic selector and a secondary sedimentation tank, operating under cyclic conditions in the aeration tank, with 45-minute aeration on (oxic environment) and 15 minutes aeration off (anoxic environment). The system can be applied to upgrade WWTP from secondary to tertiary treatment with only small modifications. A phosphorus removal mechanism is also proposed.
Pembinaan Kehidupan Adat dan Adat Istiadat Dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Pidana Adat (Studi terhadap Efektifitas Keberlakuan Qanun Aceh Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 di Kecamatan Kota Sigli)
Authors: Mawar Sitti 
Published: February 2020

Dalam proses penerapan serta pelaksanaan qanun Nomor 9 tahun 2008 di wilayah Kecamatan Kota Sigli, dalam menyelesaikan kasus adat jelas dinilai belum efektif. Dimana dalam penerapannya Qanun Nomor 9 tahun 2008 belum memberikan kontribusi yang maksimal dalam menyelesaikan berbagai persoalan di masyarakat Kecamatan Kota Sigli, khususnya menyangkut dengan perkara pidana adat. Terdapat beberapa kasus pidana adat yang diselesaikan namun belum memberikan kontribusi yang maksimal dalam penyelesaiannya. Adapun kasus-kasusnya adalah kasus penganiayaan ringan, kasus pencurian dan kasus KDRT. Pertanyaan peneliti dalam skripsi ini adalah, pertama: Bagaimana pola penerapan pembinaan kehidupan adat dan adat istiadat dalam menyelesaikan kasus pidana adat di Kecamatan Kota Sigli. Kedua: Bagaimana efektifitas keberlakuan Qanun Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 dalam menyelesaiakan perkara pidana adat di Kecamatan Kota Sigli. Adapun metode pembahasan yang akan penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Metode Kualitatif adalah kajian berbagai studi dan kumpulan berbagai jenis materi empiris, seperti studi kasus, pengalaman personal, pengakuan introspektif, kisah hidup, wawancara, artifak, berbagai teks dan produksi cultural, pengamatan, sejarah, interaksional, dan berbagai teks visual. Berbagai bahan kajian empiris itu disajikan dalam rincian persoalan di berbagai momen dan berbagai pemaknaan dan berbagai kehidupan individualmetode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa, Pertama: Pola penerapan pembinaan kehidupan adat dan adat istiadat dalam menyelesaikan kasus pidana adat di Kecamatan Kota sigli belum sepenunya berpedoman kepada Qanun, sehingga belum memberikan kontribusi yang maksimal. Kedua: Efektifitas keberlakuan Qanun Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 dalam menyelesaikan perkara pidana adat di Kecamatan Kota Sigli dilihat dari ukuran proses dan putusannya tidak efektif. Kesimpulannya, peradilan adat dalam menyelesaikan suatu perkara harus selalu berpedoman pada Qanun Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 guna untuk memperoleh suatu ketetapan hukum sehingga membuat masyarakat hidup dalam kenyamanan.
La formación de investigadores: oficio y conocimiento pertinente ante los avances de la ciencia y la tecnología
Authors: Fonseca Gutiérrez Juan 
Published: February 2020

Este trabajo analiza la racionalidad científica del conocimiento que construye el sujeto que aspira a ser investigador y de cómo lo relaciona al interpretar la realidad. El objetivo es abordar la relación entre la ciencia y la investigación en el contexto del país. Y plantea que el investigador en construcción debe establecer una relación dialógica con saberes tradicionales y la ciencia formal e instituida para la atención de la problemática ambiental. El método que sirve de apoyo es el interaccionismo simbólico. Este permite alcanzar el propósito de dar cuenta de dónde y para qué son construidos los significados sociales en los que constantemente se da la relación entre pensamiento científico y el proceso de formación. En un ejercicio equiparable a la trasmisión de un oficio, la discusión gira en torno a la construcción colectiva al analizar realidades que se presentan complejas y que imposibilitan la fragmentación para su estudio; requiere de reflexión acerca del sustento epistémico del que se nutren los jóvenes investigadores en formación y de las aplicaciones de este conocimiento; un acto valorativo que recupere valores éticos en su aplicación, donde la multidisciplina y el trabajo interdisciplinar son el camino para desentrañar fenómenos en sí mismo complejos. Asimismo, se incluye el análisis de la tecnociencia como instrumentalización del conocimiento científico, aplicado a la producción agropecuaria y su relación directa con los recursos de la naturaleza. Y se finaliza con la necesidad de reflexionar sobre el sustento epistémico y la incorporación de saberes comunitarios; superar la incorporación irreflexiva de tecnociencias en instituciones de educación superior, y la necesidad de replantearse principios éticos en su quehacer de investigación, en un ejercicio de abordaje de fenómenos que se manifiestan como complejos, sin posibilidad de fragmentación para comprenderlos completamente y donde la interdependencia obliga a un ejercicio transdisciplinar.
The p-semisimple property for some generalizations of BCI algebras and its applications
Authors: Obojska Lidia , Walendziak Andrzej 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents some generalizations of BCI algebras (the RM, tRM, *RM, RM**, *RM**, aRM**, *aRM**, BCH**, BZ, pre-BZ and pre-BCI algebras). We investigate the p-semisimple property for algebras mentioned above; give some examples and display various conditions equivalent to p-semisimplicity. Finally, we present a model of mereology without antisymmetry (NAM) which could represent a tRM algebra.
Consumer Satisfaction on Online Services in Kosovo
Authors: Beqaj Besim , Krasniqi Arta , Beqaj Valon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to analyse and examine consumer behaviour based on different variables (age, gender, level of education, income, customer care, delivery time), and the impact of those variables on consumer satisfaction on domestic and foreign online services in Kosovo. The data represented in the paper have been collected on 2017 and 2019. The majority of demographic variables (except gender and income) as independent variables have shown to be significant in explaining consumer satisfaction from online services. On the contrary, the level of customers’ gender and income have shown to be statistically insignificant (p=0.143 and p=0.264 respectively; where α=5%). In addition, income has shifted from being insignificant in 2017 to significant in 2019. It can be inferred that the strongest correlation has shifted towards the price level of the 4 P’s of Marketing with total customer satisfaction from online services (r=.996), followed by customer care (r=.990).
When the first language feels like a second language: Challenges for learners of Norwegian Nynorsk
Authors: Haugan Jens 
Published: February 2020

Norway has two official written language varieties: Bokmål (DanoNorwegian) and Nynorsk (New Norwegian). Normally, all Norwegian pupils must learn both varieties of the written Norwegian language in school, and at the end of secondary school, they obtain two separate grades in written Norwegian. However, one of the varieties is considered to be and is taught as the main written language, whereas the other variety is the second or alternative written language.
Approximately 85 percent of the pupils in school have the DanoNorwegian variety as their main written language and many of these pupils develop antipathies toward the other variety with the result that they do not master it very well at the end of secondary school. In fact, many pupils achieve better results in English than in the alternative variety of their own so-called mother tongue.
In this paper, I will discuss some of the challenges that are related to learning Nynorsk in the Norwegian educational system and society. With reference to Norton (2013) and others, I will argue that these challenges may actually be best understood from the perspectives of identity, social power, motivation, investment and second language acquisition.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE (VCT) TIPE PERCONTOHAN TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB MATERI GLOBALISASI
Authors: Permatasari Desty Ratna 
Published: February 2020

This research aims to find out the effectiveness of Value Clarification Technique (VCT) learning modelof exampling type toward learning achievement for the fourth graders of SD N 1 Tinggarjaya in Civic EducationThe subject on the topic of Globalization. This is an experimental design with Randomized control group pretest-posttest research design. The subject of the research was the student off for the Fourth Graders of SD N 1Tinggarjaya academic year 2014/2015 consisting of 32 students of class IVA as control, class and 33 students ofclass IVB as an experimental class. The technique of the data collection was by posttest in the form of filling short answer and statement with 10 items., while for the student’s responsibility technique, it used the questionnaire technique. The data had been gained were then analyzed to test a hypothesis by using the formula of the t-test. Based on the result of the research, it was found that the application of VCT learning model exampling type affected on learning achievement for the fourth graders of SD N 1 Tinggarjaya in Civics Education Subject on the topic of Globalization.
ANALISA ANGGARAN BIAYA DANPENJADWALANPROYEK PERBAIKAN TANGGUL KALI BAKUNGDESA CENGKOK KECAMATAN TAROKAN KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: Harmawanto Johan , Setianto Poernomo Yosef Cahyo , Winarto Sigit 
Published: February 2020

Bakung River is a medium to supply water demand for irrigation in Cengkok Village TarokanSubdistrict Kediri Regency. Unfortunately, the soil embankment often slides to disturb the irrigation. The writer made the cost estimate, scheduling, network, and undertaking method of improving the Bakung River embankment with river stone. The data obtained from the Department of Water Public Work (DWPW) were of technical drawings, specifications, the unit price of material, and construction work of Kediri Regency 2019. The result was analyzed to find out the unit price analysis of construction work; hence the cost analysis was made. The schedule was derived from making the cost estimate by calculating the work quantity and calculating the duration. The results were processed through MS Excel to make a bar chart, S Curve, and Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) as the network. The calculations result in IDR 914.486.100,00 and 91 workdays.Kali Bakung merupakan sarana untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air irigasi di Desa Cengkok Kecamatan Tarokan Kabupaten Kediri. Akan tetapi keadaan tanggul Kali Bakung mengalami kerusakan dan penyediaan air irigasi menjadi terganggu. Penulis membuat analisa anggaran biaya, penjadwalan, jaringan dan metode pelaksanaan untuk perbaikan tanggul Kali Bakung dengan pasangan batu kali. Data yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Sumber Daya Air adalah gambar teknis, spesifikasi, harga satuan upah dan bahan Kabupaten Kediri tahun 2019. Hasilnya dianalisis untuk mengetahui analisa harga satuan pekerjaan, maka dibuat rencana anggaran biaya. Jadwal berasal dari rencana anggaran biaya dengan menghitung bobot pekerjaan dan menghitung durasi. Hasilnya diproses dengan MS Excel untuk membuat bar chart, kurva S, dan Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) sebagai jaringan. Hasil perhitungan didapatkan Rencana Anggaran Biaya untuk proyek tersebut adalah Rp. 914.486.100,00 dan durasi pelaksanaannya 91 hari.
PERBANDINGAN KAPASITAS KUAT LENTUR PADA BETON BALOK TULANGAN BAMBU PILIN DENGAN KULIT DAN TANPA KULIT
Authors: Cahya Angga Dwi , Setianto Poernomo Yosef Cahyo , Ridwan Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

We all know that steel elements cannot be renewed and their constituent elements take a long time to form. So there is a need for other alternatives which have steellike properties. One alternative is bamboo, bamboo is one material that can be used as a substitute for steel, because bamboo has a high tensile strength close to the strength of steel. In this study an attempt was made to compare the use of reinforcement with bamboo on the outside with the skin and the inside without skin to determine the flexural strength. The flexural strength test results on variations of skin obtained the value of Max P: average: 3400 kg with an average deflection of 9.25 mm while in variations without the skin P Max produced an average of 2400 kg with deflection value of 1.92 mm. Kita ketahui bersama bahawa unsur baja tidak bisa diperbaharui serta unsur penyusunnya yang membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk terbentuk. Sehingga perlu adanya alternatif lain yang dimana memiliki sifat menyerupai baja. Salah satu alternatifnya adalah bambu, bambu merupakan salah satu bahan dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti baja, karena bambu mempunyai kuat tarik yang tinggi yang mendekati kekuatan baja. Pada penelitian ini dicoba untuk membandingkan penggunaan tulangan dengan bambu bagian luar dengan kulit dan bagian dalam tanpa kulit guna mengetahui kekuatan lentur. Hasil pengujian kuat lentur pada variasi kulit didapatkan nilai P Maks: rata-rata:3400 kg dengan lendutan rata-rata 9.25 mm sedangkan pada variasi tanpa kulit P Maks rata-rata yang dihasilkan 2400 kg dengan nilai lendutan 1.92 mm.