bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved compressed sensing and super‐resolution of cardiac diffusion MRI with structure‐guided total variation
Authors: Teh Irvin , McClymont Darryl , Carruth Eric , Omens Jeffrey , McCulloch Andrew , Schneider Jürgen E. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeStructure‐guided total variation is a recently introduced prior that allows reconstruction of images using knowledge of the location and orientation of edges in a reference image. In this work, we demonstrate the advantages of a variant of structure‐guided total variation known as directional total variation (DTV), over traditional total variation (TV), in the context of compressed‐sensing reconstruction and super‐resolution.MethodsWe compared TV and DTV in retrospectively undersampled ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion spectrum imaging data from healthy, sham, and hypertrophic rat hearts.ResultsIn compressed sensing at an undersampling factor of 8, the RMS error of mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy relative to the fully sampled ground truth were 44% and 20% lower in DTV compared with TV. In super‐resolution, these values were 29% and 14%, respectively. Similarly, we observed improvements in helix angle, transverse angle, sheetlet elevation, and sheetlet azimuth. The RMS error of the diffusion kurtosis in the undersampled data relative to the ground truth was uniformly lower (22% on average) with DTV compared to TV.ConclusionAcquiring one fully sampled non‐diffusion‐weighted image and 10 diffusion‐weighted images at 8× undersampling would result in an 80% net reduction in data needed. We demonstrate efficacy of the DTV algorithm over TV in reducing data sampling requirements, which can be translated into higher apparent resolution and potentially shorter scan times. This method would be equally applicable in diffusion MRI applications outside the heart.
Prescribed Protein Intake Does Not Meet Recommended Intake in Moderate‐ and Late‐Preterm Infants: Contribution to Weight Gain and Head Growth
Authors: Gerritsen Linda , Lindeboom Robert , Hummel Thalia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to evaluate differences between prescribed and recommended protein intake in moderate‐preterm (MP) and late‐preterm (LP) infants and examine the contribution of the first week's prescribed protein intake to growth until term age.MethodsData on intake and anthropometrics were collected retrospectively in 235 preterm infants admitted to our general hospital's neonatal ward: 60 MP (320/7–336/7 weeks’ gestational age) and 175 LP (340/7–366/7 weeks’ gestational age). Differences between prescribed and recommended protein intake during the first postnatal week and z‐score change for weight and head circumference (HC) between birth and term age were calculated. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the independent contribution of first week's prescribed protein intake to growth until term age.ResultsAt day 7, 58% of MP and 19% of LP infants reached recommended protein intake. At term age, mean z‐score change was −0.4 for weight and +0.1 for HC. Mean protein intake (g/kg/d) was associated with z‐score change of +0.34 (95% CI, 0.14–0.53; P < .001) for weight and +0.25 (95% CI, 0–0.5; P = .03) for HC. Reaching recommended protein intake at day 7 was only independently associated with weight z‐score change (+0.22 [95% CI, 0.04–0.41; P = .002]).ConclusionFirst week's prescribed protein intake does not meet recommended intake. Higher protein intakes in the first postnatal week result in increased weight gain and head growth until term age. Desirability and feasibility of increasing the protein intake need careful consideration and further discussion.
CDK9 is dispensable for YAP‐driven hepatoblastoma development
Authors: Chen Xinyan , Kiss Andras , Schaff Zsuzsa , Evert Katja , Zhang Yi , Zhong Sheng , Wang Jingxiao , Evert Matthias , Calvisi Diego F. , Chen Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver malignancy, occurring mainly during the first 4 years of life. Recent studies unraveled the frequent, coordinated activation of Wnt/β‐catenin and YAP/Hippo (where YAP is yes‐associated protein) pathways in human HB samples. Furthermore, it was found that concomitant overexpression of activated forms of β‐catenin and YAP in the mouse liver triggers HB formation in YAP/β‐catenin mice. Cyclin‐dependent kinases 9 (CDK9) is an elongating kinase, which has been shown to mediate YAP‐driven tumorigenesis. The role of CDK9 in HB molecular pathogenesis has not been investigated to date.MethodsCDK9 expression was determined in human HB lesions, HB cell lines, and YAP/β‐catenin mouse livers. CDK9 was silenced in human HB cell lines and the effects on growth rate and YAP targets were analyzed. Hydrodynamic transfection of YAPS127A and ∆N90‐β‐catenin together with either shCdk9 or control shLuc (where Luc is luciferase) plasmids was employed to assess the requirement of Cdk9 for HB development in vivo.ResultsNuclear immunoreactivity for CDK9 protein was more pronounced in human HB samples and YAP/β‐catenin mouse HB tumor tissues than in corresponding surrounding nontumorous liver tissues. CDK9 protein was also expressed in human HB cell lines. Silencing of CDK9 in human HB cell lines did not lead to consistent effects on HB cell growth or YAP target gene expression. Surprisingly, silencing of Cdk9 led to accelerated liver tumorigenesis in YAP/β‐catenin mice.ConclusionCDK9 is not a major downstream mediator of YAP oncogenic function in HB development and progression.
Do children and adolescents with completely resected alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma require adjuvant radiation? A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Aye Jamie M. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Tian Jing , Rudzinski Erin R. , Binitie Odion T. , Dasgupta Roshni , Wolden Suzanne L. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Gupta Abha A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) remains unclear in patients with localized, completely resected (group I) alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS).ProcedurePatients with group I ARMS enrolled on any one of three prior Children's Oncology Group (COG) clinical trials (D9602, D9803, or ARST0531) were analyzed. All patients received systemic chemotherapy and 36 Gy adjuvant RT (if given) to the primary site at week 12 or week 4 for D9602/D9803 and ARST0531, respectively.ResultsThirty‐six patients with group I ARMS were treated on D9602 (n = 6), D9803 (n = 17), or ARST0531 (n = 13), of whom 24 (67%) were male. The median age was 4.1 years (range, 0.8‐45.8). Twenty (56%) patients had an unfavorable primary site, and 10 (28%) had tumors > 5 cm. FOXO1‐fusion status was negative, positive, and unknown in 10 (28%), 15 (42%), and 11 (30%) tumors, respectively. Twenty‐two (61%) patients received RT. Overall, the four‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 70.8% and 88.3%, respectively. Patients with FOXO1 positivity who received RT had superior EFS compared with those who did not (77.8% vs 16.7%; P = 0.03). Among 10 patients who were FOXO1 negative, the outcome was similar with or without RT.ConclusionsAlthough limited by a small sample size, data from this study support the routine use of adjuvant RT in patients with FOXO1‐positive disease even after complete resection. Additionally, omitting adjuvant RT is rational for patients with FOXO1‐negative ARMS and will be prospectively investigated in the current COG trial ARST1431.
Discordant fetal sex on NIPT and ultrasound
Authors: Smet Maria‐Elisabeth , Scott Fergus P. , McLennan Andrew C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of sex discordance is a relatively new phenomenon. Prior to cell‐free DNA testing, the diagnosis of a disorder of sexual differentiation was serendipitous, either through identification of ambiguous genitalia at the midtrimester morphology ultrasound or discovery of genotype‐phenotype discordance in cases where preimplantation genetic diagnosis or invasive prenatal testing had occurred. The widespread integration of cfDNA testing into modern antenatal screening has made sex chromosome assessment possible from 10 weeks of gestation, and discordant fetal sex is now more commonly diagnosed prenatally, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 1500‐2000 pregnancies. Early detection of phenotype‐genotype sex discordance is important as it may indicate an underlying genetic, chromosomal or biochemical condition and it also allows for time‐critical postnatal treatment. The aim of this article is to review cfDNA and ultrasound diagnosis of fetal sex, identify possible causes of phenotype‐genotype discordance and provide a systematic approach for clinicians when counseling and managing couples in this circumstance.
Creatinine recognition using designed synthetic receptors
Authors: Jana Subrata , Prajapati Sunita , Suryavanshi Kishor Kumar , Goswami Shyamaprosad , Parida Rakesh , Giri Santanab 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA series of neutral nonenzymatic receptors have been synthesized for the recognition of creatinine in a nondegrative way. The receptors contain different heterocyclic moieties for better interactions between host and guest. Among these, 1, 4, and 5 are fluorescent receptors for creatinine. From this study, it was found that the receptors 1 and 4 containing the naphthyridine moiety have higher binding affinity to the guest creatinine than receptors containing other heterocyclic moiety. Theoretical studies for the calculation of binding energy were carried out using discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for the hosts and their complexation with creatinine in both gas phase and acetonitrile medium.
Radiobiological Implications of Nanoparticles Following Radiation Treatment
Authors: Ahmad Reem , Schettino Giuseppe , Royle Gary , Barry Miriam , Pankhurst Quentin A. , Tillement Olivier , Russell Ben , Ricketts Kate 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMaterials with a high atomic number (Z) are shown to cause an increase in the level of cell kill by ionizing radiation when introduced into tumor cells. This study uses in vitro experiments to investigate the differences in radiosensitization between two cell lines (MCF‐7 and U87) and three commercially available nanoparticles (gold, gadolinium, and iron oxide) irradiated by 6 MV X‐rays. To assess cell survival, clonogenic assays are carried out for all variables considered, with a concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1 for each nanoparticle material used. This study demonstrates differences in cell survival between nanoparticles and cell line. U87 shows the greatest enhancement with gadolinium nanoparticles (2.02 ± 0.36), whereas MCF‐7 cells have higher enhancement with gold nanoparticles (1.74 ± 0.08). Mass spectrometry, however, shows highest elemental uptake with iron oxide and U87 cells with 4.95 ± 0.82 pg of iron oxide per cell. A complex relationship between cellular elemental uptake is demonstrated, highlighting an inverse correlation with the enhancement, but a positive relation with DNA damage when comparing the same nanoparticle between the two cell lines.
Monodispersed β‐Glycerophosphate‐Decorated Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Reinforce Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose Stem Cells and Bone Regeneration In Vivo
Authors: Guo Yi , Xue Yumeng , Ge Juan , Lei Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDesign and development of highly bioactive nanoscale biomaterials with enhanced osteogenic differentiation on adipose stem cells is rather important for bone regeneration and attracting much attention. Herein, monodispersed glycerophosphate‐decorated bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGN@GP) are designed and their effect is investigated on the osteogenic differentiation of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and in vivo bone regeneration. The surface‐modified BGN@GP can be efficiently taken by ADMSCs and shows negligible cytotoxicity. The in vitro results reveal that BGN@GP significantly enhances the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium biominerialization of ADMSCs either under normal or osteoinductive medium as compared to BGNs. Further studies find that the osteogenic genes and proteins including Runx2 and Bsp in ADMSCs are significantly improved by BGN@GP even under normal culture medium. The in vivo animal experiment confirms that BGN@GP significantly promotes the new bone formation in a rat skull defect model. This study suggests that bioactive small molecule decorating is an efficient strategy to improve the osteogenesis capacity of inorganic ceramics nanomaterials.
State‐dependent switching law design with guaranteed dwell time for switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Liu Qian , Long Lijun 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn this article, without the help of predesigned dwell time constraints, a new state‐dependent switching law with guaranteed dwell time for switched nonlinear systems is studied. Some sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of switched nonlinear systems are derived. Also, all the abovementioned conditions can be transformed to a set of sum of squares (SOS) constraints, which can be checked by using the bilinear SOS methodology. Meanwhile, an improved path following method is provided to solve a bilinear SOS problem. Finally, three simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
The way to sustainable development through income equality: The impact of trade liberalisation and financial development
Authors: Gharleghi Behrooz , Jahanshahi Asghar Afshar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to examine the threshold impact of financial development and trade liberalization on income inequality as a measure of sustainable development in a sample of developed and developing countries using panel threshold analysis. Two major dimensions of financial development are considered: liquid liabilities and stock market capitalization. The empirical results revealed that financial development reduces income inequality only in countries where their GDP per capita is above ~US$11,000. It has no significant impact in reducing inequality in developing countries. This implies that institutional reforms in less developed and developing countries are necessary in order to reap the gains from financial development. Trade liberalization is found to have a positive impact on income inequality for both country groups—that is, trade benefits have worsened the income distribution.
Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Lawsone Loaded O‐Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite for Wound‐Healing Application
Authors: Sakthiguru Nagarajan , Sithique Mohamed Aboobucker 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA biopolymer based nanocomposite with O‐Carboxymethyl chitosan (O‐Cmc), nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and Lawsone (Ln) with proving advantages in antibacterial wound healing application was prepared. The physiochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite (NCs) was analysed by Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The biological properties such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant activities were investigated in vitro. The nanocomposite also possesses efficient drug encapsulation and releasing profile with greater stability in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (DMEM). The results of the antibacterial studies show its enhanced bactericidal nature. The results obtained from MTT assay, Ethidium bromide stained fluorescence image and in vitro wound scratch assay show greater cell viability with the closure of scratch wound obviously proves it′s prominent biocompatible, wound closure nature. These biological properties show that the prepared nanocomposite has a greater potential to act as an excellent biomaterial in the field of wound care applications.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of a New Class of (Z)‐3‐Arylidene‐1H‐pyrano[3,4‐b]quinolin‐4(3H)‐ones
Authors: Li Yang , Tang Bingyue , Dong Shiyu , Gao Wentao , Jiang Wenting , Chen Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present investigation, an efficient and green synthesis of an intriguing array of structurally novel quinoline‐based α‐arylidene cycloketones i. e., (Z)‐3‐arylidene/ferrocenylmethylene‐5‐methyl/phenyl‐1H‐pyrano[3,4‐b]quinolin‐4(3H)‐ones (6 a‐z, 6 aa and 6 ab) has been successfully accomplished involving solvent‐free reaction between pyrano[3,4‐b]quinolin‐4(3H)‐ones (7 a‐b) and various aromatic aldehydes by simple hand‐grinding in a mortar and pestle using KOH as base at room temperature. The synthetic strategy has the attractive features such as experimental simplicity, mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions, easy work‐up procedure and good yields. A primary screening for their in vitro inhibitory activities against cancer cell lines A549, HT29 and T‐24 revealed that compounds 6 g and 6 t containing 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl moiety showed promising antitumor activity against A549 (IC50 = 3.68 ± 0.69 and 4.82 ± 0.19 μmol•mL−1) and HT29 (IC50 = 6.69 ± 1.16 and 7.69 ± 0.64 μmol•mL−1.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New N‐Substituted Hexahydroquinolinone Derivatives and X‐Ray Crystallographic Studies
Authors: Vinoth Nangagoundan , Kalaiarasi Chinnasamy , Kumaradhas Poomani , Vadivel Pullar , Lalitha Appaswami 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel series of 2‐amino‐4‐aryl‐7,7‐dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐1‐(phenylamino)‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives has been designed using aryl aldehydes, 5,5‐dimethyl‐3‐(2‐phenylhydrazinyl)cyclohex‐2‐enone (phenylhydrazone of dimedone) and malononitrile with piperidine at room temperature. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been well elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques and X‐ray crystal diffraction studies. Selected compounds have also been evaluated for their antibacterial activities against human pathogenic bacteria.
Highly Efficient Solar‐Catalytic Degradation of Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Mesoporous Plasmonic Ag/g‐C3N4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Asadi Fatemeh , Goharshadi Elaheh K. , Sadeghinia Mohammad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn azo dye, Reactive Black 5 (RB5), was degraded by three photocatalysts of g‐C3N4, Ag(2 %)/g‐C3N4, and Ag(5 %)/g‐C3N4 with the specific surface areas of 34.41, 28.70, and 35.58 m2 g−1 and the band gaps of 2.52, 1.56, and 1.71 eV under sunlight illumination, respectively. The results showed 40 mg/L of g‐C3N4 could degrade completely 10 ppm RB5 at pH 3.4 within 10 min under sunlight irradiation with the first‐order rate constant of 0.312 min−1. Under the same conditions, the complete degradation time of RB5 reduced to 5 and 7 min when the plasmonic nanocomposites of Ag (2 %)/g‐C3N4 and Ag (5 %)/g‐C3N4 were used as photocatalysts, respectively. Ag content had an important influence on the photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4 against RB5 so that Ag (2 %)/g‐C3N4 possessed the best photocatalytic efficiency with the rate constant of 0.795 min−1. In fact, Ag nanoparticles through the surface plasmon resonance effects and by accepting the photogenerated electrons could improve the visible‐light absorption and increase charge separation of g‐C3N4. The results showed superoxide radical is the main oxidant in the photodegradation of RB5.
A Novel Strategy for Sustainable Synthesis of Soluble‐Graphene by a Herb Delphinium denudatum Root Extract for Use as Light‐Weight Supercapacitors
Authors: Manchala Saikumar , Tandava VSRK , Jampaiah Deshetti , Bhargava Suresh K. , Shanker Vishnu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSynthesis of high‐quality graphene nanosheets under eco‐friendly strategies is of enormous interest today hence graphene‐based materials offer unique advantages in a wide range of applications including light‐weight supercapacitors. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by chemical reagents frequently involves hazardous reductants that are also dangerous to humans. In view of sustainability, we develop a facile and green procedure to synthesize soluble‐graphene by reducing the GO in delphinium root extraction for the first time. The reducing property of organic compounds that exist in the aqueous delphinium root extract may be accountable for the reduction of exfoliated GO to D‐graphene under reflux condition. The efficient elimination of oxygen functionalities from GO was verified by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), UV‐Visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies indicate the successful development of few‐layer graphene. The electrochemical activities are delivered by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanic charge‐discharge (GCD) studies. This uniquely‐synthesized D‐graphene electrode offers superior electrochemical performance at 2 A g−1 with an utmost specific capacitance (Cs) of 158 F g−1 and high energy density (E) of 22 Wh Kg−1. Taking the above remarkable results, the characteristics of eco‐friendly, easy synthesis and cheap endow this green approach as a promising avenue for the exploitation of graphene‐based materials in numerous applications, particularly for graphene‐based light‐weight supercapacitors.
An investigation of key mechanical and durability properties of coconut shell concrete with partial replacement of fly ash
Authors: Prakash Ramaiah , Thenmozhi Rajagopal , Raman Sudharshan N. , Subramanian Chidambaram , Divyah Nagarajan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of adding fly ash on the mechanical and durability characteristics of coconut shell (CS) concrete. Two different mixes were developed, one with CS and the other with conventional aggregate and CS as coarse aggregate. Cement was replaced with Class F fly ash in terms of weight at 0, 10, 20, and 30% in both mixes. Test result showed that the CS concrete with 10% fly ash replacement level exhibited the highest compressive and tensile strength. The addition of fly ash decreased the porosity of CS concrete due to its fineness and increased hydration products in the matrix at later ages. Additionally, it also improved the weak aggregate interfacial transition zone of CS lightweight concrete. Thus, the fly ash addition in CS concrete showed lower values of water absorption, permeable voids, sorptivity, and chloride permeability. Furthermore, the increasing content of fly ash addition improved the durability characteristics of CS concrete considerably.
Partial replacement of cement by ground granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume in two‐stage concrete (preplaced aggregate concrete)
Authors: Das Kunal K. , Lam Eddie S. S. , Tang Ho H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn experimental investigation was carried out to enhance the properties of two‐stage concrete, also known as preplaced aggregate concrete (PAC), by adding ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and silica fume (SF) as partial replacement of cement at different proportions. PAC was produced using the gravity process by first placing the coarse aggregates into the formwork and then injecting a grout to fill in the voids in‐between the aggregates. Partial replacement of cement by GGBS and SF at 30 and 10%, respectively were found to be a suitable mix for PAC. Even though incorporation of GGBS and SF increased the shrinkage, strength and durability were improved. Generally, shrinkage produced by PAC was significantly lower than that of conventional concrete. By applying preplaced aggregate with an improved composition of grouts, properties of concrete, like strength and permeability, can be enhanced with shrinkage kept within an acceptable level.