bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic Surgeons and COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dash Suvashis , Das Rojaleen , Saha Shivangi , Singhal Maneesh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe world is suffering from the unprecedented problem of the COVID-19 pandemic. As healthcare professionals, we face the imminent danger of exposure. For Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn surgeons, safety and smooth functioning of day-to-day work during this pandemic is of the utmost priority. However, it is also our responsibility to stop the human-to-human transmission chain and conserve the medical resources for rational use. The disease has spread throughout the country, and with the number of infections increasing day by day, it is very important to adhere to the safety principles. This document aims to provide some insights into the world of plastic, reconstructive and burn surgeons in the time of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Imaging in Appendicular Diverticulosis with Appendicitis
Authors: Patil Aruna R. , Chaudhari Bhushan , Godhi Satyajit , Shivakumar Swarna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAppendicular diverticulosis (AD) is an extremely rare condition. They are either incidentally detected in a normal or inflamed appendix or as diverticulitis manifesting clinically as appendicitis. It is commonly a radiological or pathological diagnosis. On computed tomography (CT), AD can mimic focal perforation. There are reported associations between AD and appendicular adenocarcinoma. This case reports the classical features of AD on CT with background appendicitis.
Klinefelter's Syndrome with Maternal Uniparental Disomy X, Interstitial Xp22.31 Deletion, X-linked Ichthyosis, and Severe Central Nervous System Regression
Authors: Brault Jennifer , Walsh Laurence , Vance Gail H. , Weaver David D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe presented in this article a patient with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) (47,XXY) who had maternal nondisjunction and uniparental disomy of the X chromosome with regions of heterodisomy and isodisomy, an interstitial Xp22.31 deletion of both X chromosomes, and other problems. His mother also possesses the same Xp22.31 deletion. The patient presented with status epilepticus and stroke, followed by severe brain atrophy and developmental regression. His unusual clinical and cytogenetic findings apparently have not been reported with either KS or Xp22.31 deletions. Based on the patient's available genetic and biochemical information, we cannot satisfactorily explain his seizures, strokes, or catastrophic brain regression.
Role of Transarterial Angiography with Embolization in Deciding Surgical Approach to Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Step-Ladder Approach
Authors: Manogaran Ravi S. , Mathialagan Arulalan , Singh Vivek , Mishra Prabhaker , Jain Rajat , Keshri Amit 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to understand the usefulness of transarterial angiography and embolization in management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) and to apply the information obtained to stage the disease, select appropriate surgical approach, predict intraoperative bleeding, and prognosticate the disease.
Study Design This study represents a retrospective review of the patients of JNA with major focus on transarterial angiography and embolization findings and its clinical and surgical implications.
Setting The study conducted at a tertiary-care super-specialty referral center.
Participants Forty-two patients who had undergone transarterial angiography and embolization followed by surgery over the period of 5 years from July 2015 till February 2019 were participated in this study.
Main Outcome Measures Tumor vascular pattern based on transarterial angiography, staging of the disease based on extent and vascular supply, surgical approach selected, and prognosticating the disease were determined from this study.
Conclusion Transarterial angiography with embolization becomes a prudent preoperative investigation for management of JNA. It provides a complete three-dimensional map of the tumor with stage-specific vascular pattern, reduces vascularity of the tumor, and predicts the sites from where bleeding can occur intra operatively. Thus, it helps in choosing the appropriate surgical approach aiding in complete tumor removal with minimal bleeding.
Classification of Pituitary Adenomas Invading the Cavernous Sinus Assisted by Three-Dimensional Multimodal Imaging and Its Clinical Application
Authors: Zhang Yukun , Tu Shaohua , Duan Lian , Fu Weilun , Wang Jianbo , Geng Sumin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction To help diagnose and evaluate the prognosis of pituitary adenoma with cavernous sinus (CS) invasion and guide endonasal endoscopic surgery (EES) assisted by intraoperative navigation (ION) with three-dimensional multimodal imaging (3D-MMI). We propose a classification of CS invasion based on 3D-MMI.
Methods We picked some appropriate cases and reconstructed the 3D-MMI and then classified them into 3 grades according to the stereo relationship among ICA, tumor and CS in 3D-MMI. Then, we applied different strategies according to their grade to remove pituitary adenomas that invaded the CS.
Results All 38 patients were divided into 3 grades. Tumors compressing the ICA and CS without CS invasion were divided into grade 1. Tumors encasing the ICA and invading the superior-posterior compartment and/or anterior-inferior compartment but without distinct separation of the ICA and CS lateral wall were deemed as grade 2. Tumors encasing the ICA and filling the lateral compartment of the CS that dissociated the lateral wall from the ICA were deemed as grade 3. The 3D-MMI enabled adequate spatial visualization of the ICA, CS and tumors. All patients were operated on under the guidance of ION with 3D-MMI.
Conclusion Classification based on 3D-MMI can better demonstrate the relationships among tumor, ICA and CS in a stereo and multi-angle view, which will have significance in guiding the surgical strategy.
Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Students toward Plastic Surgery
Authors: Gathariki Mukami , Ajujo Martin , Odiero Lucianne , Amuti Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction Inadequate professional and medical exposure and misconceptions about plastic surgery have not only been linked to students’ poor knowledge and attitude toward it, but also bias against the selection of plastic surgery as a specialty. This assertion is yet to be tested and confirmed in our setting. This study therefore aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude of medical students toward plastic surgery.Methods One hundred and eight (108) students between their 3rd and 4th year of study were randomly recruited and handed structured questionnaires on knowledge and attitude toward plastic surgery. Data were then analyzed using SPSS and represented in percentages, medians, and means. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were done to assess for significant statistical differences based on gender grouping and year of study, respectively. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant at a 95% confidence interval.Results Majority of the students had some awareness about plastic surgery since, a majority (88%) identified plastic surgery with cosmetics and identified trauma as the main condition handled by plastic surgeons. Sixty-four percent (64%) acknowledged the risks associated with plastic surgery and 79.6% noted the presence of the procedures in Kenya. When assessing attitude, 62% reported that they did not want to pursue plastic surgery in the future, 75% would not consider plastic surgery done on them and 77% of the respondents felt embarrassed to undergo the surgery if their family knew while another 77% felt embarrassed if their friends knew. It is worth noting that 55% had their initial exposure to plastic surgery through information from the media sources. Mann-Whitney test done to assess for gender differences only revealed significant difference (p-value = 0.009) on assessing for the availability of plastic surgery procedures in Kenya. Kruskal–Wallis test did not reveal any significant differences based on year of study.Conclusion Data from our study suggest that students have some awareness about plastic surgery but have a poor attitude toward it.
Ligand-induced gene activation is associated with oxidative genome damage whose repair is required for transcription
Authors: Sengupta Shiladitya , Wang Haibo , Yang Chunying , Szczesny Bartosz , Hegde Muralidhar L. , Mitra Sankar 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The endogenous genome damage induced by mitochondrial/cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) is well recognized. However, similar damage induced by nuclear ROS generated via histone/cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) demethylation during transcription has not been scrupulously investigated. This report documents the formation of genomic oxidized bases and single-strand breaks during ligand-induced gene activation via histone/CpG demethylation. That repair of these damages occurs preferentially in promoters and is essential for transcriptional activation underscore the essentiality of promoter-specific repair for transcription. In contrast, heat shock (HS) induction generates double-strand breaks, the repair of which is essential for the activation of HS-responsive genes. This study thus implies gross underestimation of endogenous oxidative genome damage and highlights the intrinsic diversity of damage and distinct repair processes associated with transcription.
IL-6 trans-signaling induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 from vascular endothelial cells in cytokine release syndrome
Authors: Kang Sujin , Tanaka Toshio , Inoue Hitomi , Ono Chikako , Hashimoto Shoji , Kioi Yoshiyuki , Matsumoto Hisatake , Matsuura Hiroshi , Matsubara Tsunehiro , Shimizu Kentaro , Ogura Hiroshi , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Kishimoto Tadamitsu 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a life-threatening complication induced by hyperinflammatory responses. However, no specific immunotherapies are available for its treatment. In this study, we found that interleukin (IL)-6 signaling plays a crucial role in endothelial cell dysfunction during bacterial and viral CRS. Specifically, we identified that the pathogenesis of CRS in patients with sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and burns involved the IL-6–mediated production of hyperinflammatory cytokines and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which indicates that IL-6 signaling blockade has potential as a therapy for CRS. We also found that the inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab treatment decreased PAI-1 production and alleviated clinical manifestations in severe COVID-19 patients.
Fiction effects on social cognition
Authors: Turner Rose , Vallée-Tourangeau Frédéric 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Social cognition, the skillset involved in interpreting the cognitive and affective states of others, is essential for
navigating the social world. Research has indicated that reading about fictional social content may support social cognitive abilities;
however, the processes underpinning these effects remain unidentified. This study aimed to examine the effect of narrative engagement on
social cognition. A text pretest (N = 11), a manipulation pilot (N = 29) and full experiment
(N = 93) were conducted. In the full experiment, the manipulation failed to vary levels of narrative engagement
(transportation, identification and affective empathy) with a passage from a popular fiction text. A correlation analysis revealed positive
associations between narrative engagement dimensions and social cognition. An exploratory between-groups analysis comparing reading to
no-reading found a significant gain in explicit mental state attribution in the reading group, when controlling for demographic and
dispositional differences.
Low field hall effect for differentiating between the single- and double-layer graphenes
Authors: Bazaliy Ya B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There is a number of powerful but costly and involved experimental techniques able to distinguish between the single- and double-layer graphene films. Here we suggest a less rigorous but easier test, which can be performed on a suspended or hexagonal boron nitride encapsulated graphene in low magnetic fields and at room temperatures. The test is based on the same physical property that is responsible for the unconventional quantum Hall effect in single-layer graphene—the cyclotron frequency dependence on the Fermi energy.
High energy surface x-ray diffraction applied to model catalyst surfaces at work
Authors: Hejral Uta , Shipilin Mikhail , Gustafson Johan , Stierle Andreas , Lundgren Edvin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCatalysts are materials that accelerate the rate of a desired chemical reaction. As such, they constitute an integral part in many applications ranging from the production of fine chemicals in chemical industry to exhaust gas treatment in vehicles. Accordingly, it is of utmost economic interest to improve catalyst efficiency and performance, which requires an understanding of the interplay between the catalyst structure, the gas phase and the catalytic activity under realistic reaction conditions at ambient pressures and elevated temperatures. In recent years efforts have been made to increasingly develop techniques that allow for investigating model catalyst samples under conditions closer to those of real technical catalysts. One of these techniques is high energy surface x-ray diffraction (HESXRD), which uses x-rays with photon energies typically in the range of 70–80 keV. HESXRD allows a fast data collection of three dimensional reciprocal space for the structure determination of model catalyst samples under operando conditions and has since been used for the investigation of an increasing number of different model catalysts. In this article we will review general considerations of HESXRD including its working principle for different model catalyst samples and the experimental equipment required. An overview over HESXRD investigations performed in recent years will be given, and the advantages of HESXRD with respect to its application to different model catalyst samples will be presented. Moreover, the combination of HESXRD with other operando techniques such asin situmass spectrometry, planar laser-induced fluorescence and surface optical reflectance will be discussed. The article will close with an outlook on future perspectives and applications of HESXRD.
Uniaxial and fourfold basal anisotropy in GdRh2Si2
Authors: Ehlers D , Kliemt K , Krellner C , Geibel C , Sichelschmidt J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of GdRh2Si2 is examined in detail via the electron spin resonance (ESR) of its well-localised Gd3+ moments. Below T
N = 107 K, long range magnetic order sets in with ferromagnetic layers in the (aa)-plane stacked antiferromagnetically along the c-axis of the tetragonal structure. Interestingly, the easy-plane anisotropy allows for the observation of antiferromagnetic resonance at X- and Q-band microwave frequencies. In addition to the easy-plane anisotropy we have also quantified the weaker fourfold anisotropy within the easy plane. The obtained resonance fields are modelled in terms of eigenoscillations of the two antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices. Conversely, this model provides plots of the eigenfrequencies as a function of field and the specific anisotropy constants. Such calculations have rarely been done. Therefore our analysis is prototypical for other systems with fourfold in-plane anisotropy. It is demonstrated that the experimental in-plane ESR data may be crucial for a precise knowledge of the out-of-plane anisotropy.
Lattice strain accommodation and absence of pre-transition phases in Ni50Mn25+x
In25−x
Authors: Nevgi R , Priolkar K R , Righi L , Solzi M , Cugini F , Dias E T , Nigam A K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The stoichiometric Ni50Mn25In25 Heusler alloy transforms from a stable ferromagnetic austenitic ground state to an incommensurate modulated martensitic ground state with a progressive replacement of In with Mn without any pre-transition phases. The absence of pre-transition phases like strain glass in Ni50Mn25+x
In25−x
alloys is explained to be the ability of the ferromagnetic cubic structure to accommodate the lattice strain caused by atomic size differences of In and Mn atoms. Beyond the critical value of x = 8.75, the alloys undergo martensitic transformation despite the formation of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic clusters and the appearance of a super spin glass state.
Parachutes: a crossroads between physics, mathematics and computing
Authors: Rodrigues H , dos Santos A C , Soares A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this article, physical quantities related to the motion of a parachute system
in the framework of Newton’s law of mechanics guide an informal approach
to the mathematical concept of function. Furthermore, a graphical simulator that
enables visualization of the fall of object-parachutes system is presented.
The article is aimed at students and teachers of basic physics courses at the
high school and undergraduate level.
Deformable motion compensation for interventional cone-beam CT
Authors: Capostagno S , Sisniega A , Stayman J W , Ehtiati T , Weiss C R , Siewerdsen J H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Image-guided therapies in the abdomen and pelvis are often hindered by motion artifacts in cone-beam CT (CBCT) arising from complex, non-periodic, deformable organ motion during long scan times (5–30 s). We propose a deformable image-based motion compensation method to address these challenges and improve CBCT guidance. Motion compensation is achieved by selecting a set of small regions of interest in the uncompensated image to minimize a cost function consisting of an autofocus objective and spatiotemporal regularization penalties. Motion trajectories are estimated using an iterative optimization algorithm (CMA-ES) and used to interpolate a 4D spatiotemporal motion vector field. The motion-compensated image is reconstructed using a modified filtered backprojection approach. Being image-based, the method does not require additional input besides the raw CBCT projection data and system geometry that are used for image reconstruction. Experimental studies investigated: (1) various autofocus objective functions, analyzed using a digital phantom with a range of sinusoidal motion magnitude (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 mm); (2) spatiotemporal regularization, studied using a CT dataset from The Cancer Imaging Archive with deformable sinusoidal motion of variable magnitude (10, 15, 20, 25 mm); and (3) performance in complex anatomy, evaluated in cadavers undergoing simple and complex motion imaged on a CBCT-capable mobile C-arm system (Cios Spin 3D, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany). Gradient entropy was found to be the best autofocus objective for soft-tissue CBCT, increasing structural similarity (SSIM) by 42%–92% over the range of motion magnitudes investigated. The optimal temporal regularization strength was found to vary widely (0.5–5 mm−2) over the range of motion magnitudes investigated, whereas optimal spatial regularization strength was relatively constant (0.1). In cadaver studies, deformable motion compensation was shown to improve local SSIM by ∼17% for simple motion and ∼21% for complex motion and provided strong visual improvement of motion artifacts (reduction of blurring and streaks and improved visibility of soft-tissue edges). The studies demonstrate the robustness of deformable motion compensation to a range of motion magnitudes, frequencies, and other factors (e.g. truncation and scatter).
Characterization of magnetic interference and image artefacts during simultaneous in-beam MR imaging and proton pencil beam scanning
Authors: Gantz Sebastian , Hietschold Volker , Hoffmann Aswin Louis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
For the first time, a low-field open magnetic resonance (MR) scanner was combined with a proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) research beamline. The aim of this study was to characterize the magnetic fringe fields produced by the PBS system and measure their effects on MR image quality during simultaneous PBS irradiation and image acquisition. A magnetic field camera measured the change in central resonance frequency (Δf
res) and magnetic field homogeneity (ΔMFH) of the B0 field of the MR scanner during operation of the beam transport and scanning magnets. The beam energy was varied between 70 − 220 MeV and beam scanning was performed along the central horizontal and vertical axis of a 48 × 24 cm2 radiation field. The time structure of the scanning magnets’ fringe fields was simultaneously recorded by a tri-axial Hall probe. MR imaging experiments were conducted using the ACR (American College of Radiology) Small MRI Phantom and a spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence during simultaneous volumetric irradiation. Computer simulations were performed to predict the effects of B
0 field perturbations due to PBS irradiation on MR image formation in k-space. Setting the beam transport magnets, horizontal and vertical scanning magnets resulted in a maximum Δf
res of 50, 235 and 4 Hz, respectively. The ΔMFH was less than 3 parts per million for all measurements. MR images acquired during beam energy variation and vertical beam scanning showed no visual loss in image quality. However, MR images acquired during horizontal beam scanning showed severe coherent ghosting artefacts in phase encoding direction. Both simulated and measured k-space phase maps prove that these artefacts are caused by phase-offsets. This study shows first experimental evidence that simultaneous in-beam MR imaging during proton PBS irradiation is subject to severe loss of image quality in the absence of magnetic decoupling between the PBS and MR system.
Cardiac eigen imaging: a novel method to isolate cardiac activity in thoracic electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Arshad Saaid H , Murphy Ethan K , Callahan Joshua M , DeVries James T , Odame Kofi M , Halter Ryan J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective: As the global burden of cardiovascular disease increases, proactive cardiovascular healthcare by means of accurate, precise, continuous, and non-invasive monitoring is becoming crucial. However, no current device is able to provide cardiac hemodynamic monitoring with the aforementioned criterion. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an inexpensive, non-invasive imaging modality that can provide real-time images of internal conductivity distributions that describe physiological activity. This work explores and compares a standard approach of regular cardiac gated averaging (RCGA) and a newly developed method, cardiac eigen-imaging (CEI), based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) to isolate cardiac activity in thoracic EIT. Approach: EIT and heart-rate (HR) data were collected from 20 heart-failure patients preceding echocardiography. Features from RCGA and CEI images were correlated with stroke volume (SV) from echocardiography and image reconstruction parameters were optimized using leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation. Main results: CEI per-pixel-based features achieved a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.80 with SV relative to 0.72 with RCGA. CEI had 33 high-correlating pixels while RCGA had 8. High-correlating pixels tend to concentrate in the right-ventricle (RV) when referenced to a general chest model. Significance: While both RCGA and CEI images had high-correlating pixels, CEI had higher correlations, a larger number of high-correlating pixels, and unlike RCGA is not dependent on the quality of the HR data collected. The observed performance of the CEI approach represents a promising step forward for EIT-based cardiac monitoring in either clinical or ambulatory settings.