bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Insurance on Appropriate Hospital Discharge Antibiotics for Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: McHale Thomas , Medder Jim , Geske Jenenne , Rupp Mark E , Van Schooneveld Trevor C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Inappropriate antimicrobial therapy of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with worsened outcomes. The impact of insurance coverage on appropriate selection of antibiotics at discharge is poorly understood.

Methods
We used a retrospective cohort design to evaluate whether patients with SAB at a large academic medical center over 2 years were more likely to receive inappropriate discharge antibiotics, depending on their category of insurance. Insurance was classified as Medicare, Medicaid, commercial, and none. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of being prescribed inappropriate discharge therapy.

Results
A total of 273 SAB patients met inclusion criteria, with 14.3% receiving inappropriate discharge therapy. In the unadjusted model, there was 2-fold increased odds of being prescribed inappropriate therapy for Medicare, Medicaid, and no insurance, compared with commercial insurance, respectively (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.39–3.13). After controlling for discharge with nursing assistance and infectious diseases (ID) consult, there were 1.6-fold increased odds (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.998–2.53; P = .064) of being prescribed inappropriate therapy for Medicare, Medicaid, and no insurance, compared with commercial insurance, respectively. We found that being discharged home without nursing assistance resulted in 4-fold increased odds of being prescribed inappropriate therapy (OR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.77–9.77; P &lt; .01), and failing to consult an ID team resulted in 59-fold increased odds of being prescribed inappropriate therapy (OR, 59.2; 95% CI, 11.4–306.9; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
We found strong evidence that noncommercial insurance, discharging without nursing assistance, and failure to consult ID are risk factors for being prescribed inappropriate antimicrobial therapy for SAB upon hospital discharge.
Rickettsia honei Infection in a Traveler Returning From India
Authors: Denison Amy M , Leitgeb Brooke , Obadiah Joseph M , Schwindt Anne , Ladd-Wilson Stephen G , Paddock Christopher D , Matkovic Eduard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report a case of Rickettsia honei infection in a US tourist returning from India and the Himalayas. This case highlights a need for awareness of various Rickettsia species endemic to India and the importance for physicians to consider rickettsial diseases in returning travelers with eschar or rash-associated febrile illnesses.
Effectiveness of Pain Neurophysiology Education on Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bülow Kasper , Lindberg Kasper , Vaegter Henrik Bjarke , Juhl Carsten Bogh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To estimate the effectiveness and safety of Pain Neurophysiology Education (PNE) on pain, disability, and psychological distress at post-intervention and long-term (closest to twelve months after initiating the intervention) in musculoskeletal pain (MSKP).

Methods
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) were identified in six engines, reference lists, ClinicalTrials.gov, and by contacting key researches. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Meta-analyses, using Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method, were conducted to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD) and overall quality of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE.

Results
In total, 18 RCTs (n = 1,585) were included. There was small to moderate effects of PNE on pain at post-intervention and long-term: SMD = -0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −.58; −.05) and SMD = −0.40 (95% CI: −.78; −.03), respectively. On disability, PNE had a small effect at post-intervention: SMD = -0.17 (95% CI: −.34; −.01) but was insignificant at long-term: SMD = −0.27 (95% CI: −.59; .06). Likewise, there was a small to moderate effect on psychological distress at post-intervention: SMD = −0.36 (95% CI: −.67; −.06) but was insignificant at long-term: SMD = −0.37 (95% CI: −.75; .01). Quality of evidence was low across all outcomes. Additional analyses showed significant effects of PNE, corresponding to moderate effects, on pain and psychological distress at both time points in chronic MSKP.

Conclusions
Overall quality of evidence was low, supporting PNE being safe and having small to moderate effects on pain at both time points, and on disability as well as psychological distress at post-intervention.
Effects of calcium–magnesium carbonate and calcium–magnesium hydroxide as supplemental sources of magnesium on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture
Authors: Arce-Cordero J A , Monteiro H F , Brandao V L N , Dai X , Bennett S L , Faciola A P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Supplemental sources of Mg can also aid in ruminal pH regulation due to their alkaline properties. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is the most common source of Mg for ruminants and can help controlling ruminal pH; however, the alkaline potential of other sources of Mg has not been evaluated. We aimed to evaluate the inclusion of calcium–magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO3)2) and calcium–magnesium hydroxide (CaMg(OH)4) alone or in combination as supplemental sources of Mg in corn silage-based diets and its impact on ruminal microbial fermentation. We hypothesized that inclusion of CaMg(OH)4 would allow for ruminal fermentation conditions resulting in a greater pH compared to the inclusion of CaMg(CO3)2. Four treatments were defined by the supplemental source of Mg in the diet: 1) Control (100% MgO, plus sodium sesquicarbonate as a buffer); 2) CO3 [100% CaMg(CO3)2]; 3) OH [100% CaMg(OH)4]; and 4) CO3/OH [50% Mg from CaMg(CO3)2, 50% Mg from CaMg(OH)4]. Nutrient concentration was held constant across treatments (16% CP, 30% NDF, 1.66 Mcal NEl/kg, 0.67% Ca, and 0.21% Mg). Four fermenters were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods of 10 d each. Samples were collected for analyses of nutrient digestibility, soluble Mg, VFA, and NH3, while pH was measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h post morning feeding to estimate % time when pH was below 6 (pH-B6) and area under the pH curve for pH below 6.0 (pH-AUC). Bacteria pellets were harvested for 15N analysis and estimates of N metabolism. Treatment effects were analyzed with the mixed procedure of SAS, while effects of using either CaMg(CO3)2 or CaMg(OH)4 as Mg source in comparison to Control treatment were evaluated by orthogonal contrasts. Similar pH-related variables were observed for Control, OH, and CO3/OH treatments, which had smaller pH-AUC and pH-B6 than CO3 (P ≤ 0.01). Butyrate molar proportion was greater in Control and CO3/OH than in CO3 and OH (P = 0.04). Orthogonal contrasts showed lower flow of bacterial N (P = 0.04), lower butyrate molar proportion (P = 0.08) and greater pH-AUC (P = 0.05) for diets with CaMg(CO3)2 in comparison with the Control. Concentration of soluble Mg in ruminal fluid (P = 0.73) and nutrient digestibility (P ≥ 0.52) were similar across treatments. Under the conditions of this experiment, using CaMg(OH)4 alone or combined with CaMg(CO3)2 allowed for a less acidic ruminal fermentation pattern than a diet with only CaMg(CO3)2.
Soybean molasses to replace corn for feedlot lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality
Authors: Arruda Maria Carolina G , Almeida Marco Tulio C , Bertoco João Pedro A , Pereira-Junior Sérgio A G , Castro-Filho Edivilson S , Feliciano Andresa L , Rodrigues Julia L , Torres Rodrigo N S , Costa Rayanne V , Grilo Lívia M S F S S , Ezequiel Jane M B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Soybean molasses (SBM) is a byproduct of the manufacture of soy protein concentrate and has high energy value. This byproduct has a high potential for use in the nutrition of ruminant animals, mainly in the replacement of other energy feeds such as corn grain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of SBM to replace corn grain up to 30% dry matter (DM) in the total diet on growth performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of feedlot lambs (½ Santa Inês × ½ Dorper). Forty intact male lambs with an initial average body weight of 20.6 ± 2.5 kg and approximate age of 120 d were used. The animals were distributed in four treatments (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% SBM), divided into five randomized blocks according to the initial weight and adapted for 16 d, with diets containing increasing concentrations of concentrate and SBM. Feeding behavior was analyzed at the beginning, middle, and final of the finishing period, and when animals reached 42 d on the finishing diet they were slaughtered. Data were evaluated using SAS software (version 9.4), by polynomial orthogonal contrasts, where the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality values were analyzed as randomized blocks, and the feeding behavior data as randomized blocks with a repeated measure over time. Significant differences were detected for the contrast 0 vs. SBM treatments, which the inclusion of SBM caused an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in ash intake but decreased the ether extract intake. The intake of DM in % body weight was higher for SBM treatments than 0% treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Feeding behavior, ruminating while lying down and drinking water presented a decreasing linear effect (P ≤ 0.05), and for feeding, efficiency increased with the addition of SBM (P ≤ 0.05). Fatty acids C14:0, C17:0, C17:1, C18:2n6c, C20:2, and C20:3n6 showed lower values ​​with the inclusion of SBM (P ≤ 0.05), while fatty acids C22:0 and C22:6n3 increased. The values ​​of n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for SBM treatments. The values ​​of total polyunsaturated fatty acids showed a decreasing linear effect (P ≤ 0.05) with the inclusion of SBM. The use of up to 30% SBM in DM did not impair animal growth performance and feeding behavior did not cause damages to carcass parameters and still made the meat healthier, improving the n-6/n-3 ratio, therefore can be used to feed finishing lambs.
Shexiang Baoxin Pill Attenuates Ischemic Injury by Promoting Angiogenesis by Activation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2
Authors: Hu Jingjing , Zhao Yongchao , Wu Yonghui , Yang Kun , Hu Kai , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
Promoting angiogenesis is a critical treatment strategy for ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to be capable of relieving angina and improve heart function by promoting angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in SBP-induced angiogenesis. Left femoral artery ligation was performed in wild-type mice (WT) and ALDH2 knockout mice, which were administrated with SBP (20 mg/kg/d) or equal volume saline per day by gastric gavage for 2 weeks. Perfusion recovery, angiogenesis in chronic hind limb ischemia, was significantly improved in the WT + SBP group than in the WT group. However, these beneficial effects were absent in ALDH2 knockout mice. In vitro, hypoxia impaired the ability of proliferation, migration and tube formation, sprouting angiogenesis, and promoted apoptosis in cardiovascular microvascular endothelial cells, whereas the hypoxia damage was restored by SBP. The protective effect of SBP was remarkably weakened by ALDH2 knockdown. Furthermore, SBP suppressed hypoxia-induced ALDH2/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that SBP protected lower limb from ischemia injury through the ALDH2-dependent pathway. The protective mechanism of SBP in cardiovascular microvascular endothelial cells was partly mediated through ALDH2/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways.
Weight loss outcomes in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women during behavioral weight loss interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Thomson Zoe O. , Kelly Jaimon T. , Sainsbury Amanda , Reeves Marina M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Importance:
Weight loss may be difficult for young women with obesity to achieve due to competing priorities (caring for children and/or full-time work), limiting their ability to engage in weight loss interventions. Older or postmenopausal women may also face challenges to weight loss such as caring responsibilities and menopause. Menopausal status may reflect differences in weight loss.

Objective:
This study compared changes in weight, fat mass, and lean mass in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women in dietary weight loss trials.

Evidence review:
We reviewed publications from January 2000 to June 2020 evaluating a weight loss intervention with a dietary component, with or without exercise, and reporting weight loss of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Where available, data on mean change from baseline for weight, fat mass, and lean mass of premenopausal and postmenopausal groups were entered into Review Manger for meta-analyses. Differences between menopausal groups were compared in subgroups of studies for intervention characteristics (diet-only vs diet and exercise; dietary modification vs meal replacement; < 24 wks vs ≥24 wks duration).

Findings:
Seven publications (10 interventions, n = 791) were included; three single-arm trials, two randomized controlled trials, and two comparative effectiveness trials. In meta-analyses, there were no statistically significant differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women (shown as premenopausal minus postmenopausal) for change in weight (0.58 [95% confidence interval −0.12 to 1.28] kg, n = 7 interventions), fat mass (0.73 [−0.25 to 1.70] kg, n = 6 interventions), or lean mass (−0.5 6[−1.48 to 0.36] kg, n = 4 interventions). However, a statistically significant subgroup difference was observed for fat mass change between menopausal groups (premenopausal minus postmenopausal) when comparing diet-only (1.28 [0.23 to 2.33] kg, n = 4 interventions) versus diet and exercise interventions (−0.09 [−0.51 to 0.32]kg, n = 2 interventions). No differences were shown in any other subgroups.

Conclusions and relevance:
This review provides some evidence to suggest weight loss interventions may not need to be tailored to women's menopausal status. However, given the small number of studies, short intervention duration in most publications (≤ 6 mo) and unclear retention rates in premenopausal versus postmenopausal groups of some publications, menopausal group differences should be examined in existing and future trials where the appropriate data have been collected.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and arterial calcification in midlife women: the contribution of estradiol and C-reactive protein
Authors: Swabe Gretchen , Matthews Karen , Brooks Maria , Janssen Imke , Wang Norman , El Khoudary Samar R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Studies suggest a reversal in the protective association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease in women traversing menopause. Decreasing estrogen levels during the transition, as well as inflammation, may explain this reversal. We tested whether either estradiol or C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations modified the association of HDL-C with aortic (AC) or coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Methods:
A total of 478 participants between ages 46 to 59 from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Heart baseline visit were included. AC and CAC presence were defined as Agatston score of 100 or higher and 10 or higher, respectively. Logistic regression was used for analysis.

Results:
A total of 112 (23.53%) participants had AC 100 or higher and 104 (21.76%) had CAC 10 or higher. In unadjusted models, a 1-mg/dL higher in HDL-C was associated with 3% lower odds of AC (95% CI: 0.95-0.99) and 4% lower odds of CAC (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). In adjusted models, a significant interaction between HDL-C and estradiol with respect to AC but not CAC was detected, such that higher HDL-C level was protective at the highest estradiol quartile (odds ratio: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99 per 1 mg/dL higher HDL-C, P = 0.03) but tended to associate with greater risk at the lowest quartile (odds ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.98-1.10 per 1 mg/dL higher HDL-C, P = 0.16). CRP did not modify any association.

Conclusions:
The protective cardiovascular association of higher HDL-C levels on AC was modified by estradiol but not CRP concentrations. The pathways through which estradiol might influence this association should be further investigated.

Video Summary:
http://links.lww.com/MENO/A689.
Trends in Medicare Reimbursement for Otology Procedures From 2000 to 2020
Authors: Schartz Derrek A. , McCool Ryan R. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the Medicare reimbursement trends for otologic procedures from 2000 to 2020.

Study Design:
Retrospective data analysis using the Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up tool from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services.

Setting:
Facility performed procedures of the auditory system.

Patients:
Medicare beneficiaries from 2000 to 2020.

Interventions:
Selected otologic current procedural terminology codes and their respective year-to-year reimbursement data.

Main Outcome Measures:
Assessment of trends in financial reimbursement.

Results:
After adjusting for inflation, the total average reimbursement for all procedures saw an average decrease of –21.2% from 2000 to 2020. The average adjusted percent change per year was –1.3% indicating a slow decline in reimbursement over the study period. There was a difference between the adjusted and unadjusted percent change in reimbursement rate during the study period (–21% versus 20.4%, respectively; p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis of the adjusted average reimbursement across all procedures revealed an overall decline from 2000 to 2020 with an R-squared value of 0.85 indicating a decline in reimbursement over time.

Conclusions:
After adjusting all data for inflation, there has been a reduction in the average Medicare reimbursement for otology procedures from 2000 to 2020. Compared with previous reimbursement studies on the whole field of otolaryngology, otology has a less severe decline in reimbursement. Knowledge of these reimbursement trends is critical for otologic surgeons and leaders within the field to develop more sustainable reimbursement plans.
Surgical treatment of Epstein-Barr virus–associated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma occurring in both the posterior mediastinum and liver
Authors: Qian Xiao-Hui , Zhou Dong-Kai , Wang Wei-Lin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare malignant tumor that can occur in many areas of the body. The pathogenesis of LELC remains unknown, but Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to be strongly correlated with LELC at several anatomic sites, including the lungs and thymus. To the best of our knowledge, EBV-associated LELC has never been reported in both the posterior mediastinum and liver. Herein, we report the case of a 41-year-old female diagnosed with LELC in both the posterior mediastinum and liver and discuss whether it is beneficial to perform surgery on advanced LELC when resectable metastases are found.

Patient concerns:
The patient was a 41-year-old woman who had been suffering from intermittent pain in the upper right quadrant for 3 months without obvious cause and was admitted to our hospital with occasional nausea without vomiting.

Diagnosis:
Her cancer antigen 125 and cytokeratin 19 fragment levels were elevated, whereas alpha-fetoprotein and alanine aminotransferase were normal. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the S6 segment of the liver. Whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) revealed a 3.2-cm mass in the posterior mediastinum and a 6.7-cm mass on the right side of the liver. We made a diagnosis of LELC based on the histological and immunohistochemical findings of specimens obtained by operation. However, it was difficult to determine the primary origin of the tumor.

Interventions:
The patient underwent mediastinal tumor resection, hepatectomy, and diaphragmatic repair. Thereafter, she was administered paclitaxel and cisplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 10 days later. Although she was administered paclitaxel and cisplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy, we noted recurrence during the 4-month follow-up examination. Then, the patient passed away 5 months after surgery.

Lessons:
We present the first case of LELC found in both the posterior mediastinum and liver and describe the functionality of PET/CT for finding occult carcinomas and identifying their primary tumor origin. Additional studies are urgently needed to discover whether it is beneficial to perform surgery on advanced LELC when resectable metastases are revealed by PET/CT.
The global bases of inequality regimes: the case of international nurse recruitment
Authors: Näre Lena , Cleland Silva Tricia 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to critically examine Joan Acker's notion of inequality regimes by applying it to the case of global nurse care chains (GNCCs). The article examines the organisational practices of GNCCs and how inequality barriers are practiced and legitimised.Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on qualitative interviews with different institutional representatives involved in Filipino nurse recruitment to Finland (N = 25), recruited Filipino nurses (N = 20) and Filipino nurses working in Finland (N = 9).FindingsThe article demonstrates different organisational practices through which inequality regimes are created and sustained. These include the racialised construction of the Philippines as situated in the global periphery and functioning as a resource of labour for the global core and the Filipino nurse as innately more caring. The inequalities are legitimised through deskilling in which the nurses' command of Finnish language is a key form of justification. Filipino nurses' precarious legal status renders them compliant workers from an organisational perspective and vulnerable workers who fear to claim their rights as workers.Practical implicationsBy discussing barriers to inequality, the article illustrates how inequalities in diverse workplaces and the undervaluing of nurse work could be addressed.Originality/valueThe article uniquely applies Acker's inequality regimes to the study of GNCCs. It argues that the concept of inequality regimes would benefit from developing it towards a global context.
The potential of bio certification to strengthen the market position of food producers
Authors: Kononets Yevhen , Treiblmaier Horst 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to critically evaluate the applicability of bio certification in farmers' activity to reduce unfair trading practices in the food supply chain. The secondary purposes are describing the economic reasons of using bio certification and perspectives of using web trading platforms among food producers.Design/methodology/approachData collection included face-to-face interviews with 15 Austrian and German farmers who operate on bio food markets as well as a quantitative survey regarding their assessment of unfair trading practices. This study presents both quantitative and qualitative analyses.FindingsBio certification is more likely unable to eliminate or mitigate unfair trading practices in the food supply chain, however bio certification is able to increase efficiency of farmers together with other web tools.Originality/valueThe study is the first to empirically investigate the applicability of bio certifications, its advantages and impact on unfair trading practices in the food supply chain. It focuses on small and medium-sized food producers and farmers. The research also reveals the perspectives of using web trading platforms in farming activity.