bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loan fair values and the financial crisis
Authors: Chipalkatti Niranjan , DiPierro Massimo , Luft Carl , Plamondon John 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
In 2009, effective the second-quarter, the financial accounting standards board mandated that all banks need to disclose the fair value of loans in their 10-Q filings in addition to their 10-K filings. This paper aims to investigate whether these disclosures reduced the level of information asymmetry about the riskiness of bank loan portfolios during the financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper examines the impact of these disclosures on the bid-ask spread of a panel of 246 publicly traded bank holding companies. The spread serves as a proxy for information asymmetry and the ratio of the fair value of a bank’s loan portfolio to its book value is a proxy for the credit and liquidity risk associated with the same. The reaction to the first-quarter filing serves as a control to assess the reaction at the time of the second-quarter filing.

Findings
There is a significant negative association between bid-ask spread and the ratio indicating that the fair value information was useful in reducing information asymmetry during the financial crisis. A pattern was observed in the information dissemination related to the fair value of loans that is consistent with the literature that documents a delayed investor reaction to complex financial information.

Originality/value
Investors may use the fair value information to better assess the risk profile of a BHC’s loan portfolio. Also, loan fair values provide managers with data to better implement stress test models and determine optimal capital buffers.
Thinking activity-based work environment throughout situated acceptance
Authors: Lai Chiara , Bobillier Chaumon Marc-Eric , Vacherand-Revel Jacqueline , Abitan Audrey 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on activity-based workplaces, which offer a diversity of typologies and configurations which, instead of being attributed to users, are shared according to the needs of their activities. Indeed, this paper questions the way these activity-based workplaces configure the ways in which individuals and collectives carry out their activity.

Design/methodology/approach
To do so, this paper established a two-phase methodology. Three days of observation amid three different units evolving in activity-based workplaces have helped us to identify the uses that emerged from these spatial typologies. Then, a set of two interviews with eight participants have been conducted based on the four dimensions of the situated acceptance model (Bobillier Chaumon, 2013) and on picture elicitation.

Findings
The results allow us to understand how activity-based workspaces can be considered as artefacts for the activity that needs to be appropriated to allow the worker to realise his activity.

Research limitations/implications
The results provide an overview of the social and psychological consequences of activity-based workspaces on workers, their work collective and their activity. Thus, the conclusions can be mobilised in activity-based real estate projects, for example, during the design stage.

Originality/value
This research conducted with a situated approach based upon the study of the development of the activity proposes a change from the usual managerial approach about these activity-based workplaces, which prescribe an ideal way of working within the workplace.
Multi-dimensional public–private partnership readiness index: a sub-national analysis of India
Authors: Malik Sakshi , Kaur Simrit 
Published: November 2020

PurposeDespite being a global public–private partnerships (PPPs) leader, India faces a vast PPP divide at a sub-national level, wherein a few states receive the majority of PPP projects, whereas other states face severe issues in attracting PPP investments. This necessitates the identification of factors that make some states attractive to PPP investors. The purpose of this study is to construct a “PPP readiness index” at the Indian state-level, which aims to assess the readiness of states for the diffusion of PPPs.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative method on secondary data, the study scores 17 Indian states on dimensions such as experience with PPPs, physical infrastructure, financial sector development, market conditions, institutional quality and political stability and fiscal constraints for each of the years during 2009–2018. Principal component analysis is used for assigning weights to the dimensions, thereby arriving at the composite index.FindingsResults highlight that Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra offer the most favorable environment for PPPs to flourish. In contrast, Jharkhand and Bihar are laggards because they score the least and have limited PPP experience.Practical implicationsThe index will assist the private sector in conducting a comparative analysis between state-specific PPP arrangements, thereby enabling them to make informed decisions prior to forging PPP arrangements. Further, the index will help the state governments in improving their PPP readiness by following the policies of the leading states.Social implicationsImprovement in PPP readiness of the states will enable higher PPP investments in infrastructure, thereby reducing infrastructure deficits. This, in turn, will lead to economic growth, development and an improvement in the quality of life.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that comprehensively analyzes the PPP readiness at a sub-national level in India.
Spatial and temporal variations inSynechococcusmicrodiversity in the Southern California coastal ecosystem
Authors: Nagarkar Maitreyi , Wang Maggie , Valencia Bellineth , Palenik Brian 
Published: November 2020

SummaryTheSynechococcuscyanobacterial population at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier in La Jolla, CA, shows large increases in abundance, typically in the spring and summer followed, by rapid declines within weeks. Here we used amplicon sequencing of the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer region to examine the microdiversity within this cyanobacterial genus during these blooms as well as further offshore in the Southern California coastal ecosystem (CCE). These analyses revealed numerousSynechococcusamplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and that clade and ASV composition can change over the course of blooms. We also found that a large bloom in August 2016 was highly anomalous both in its overallSynechococcusabundance and in terms of the presence of normally oligotrophicSynechococcusclade II. The dominant ASVs at the pier were found further offshore and in the California Current, but we did observe more oligotrophic ASVs and clades along with depth variation inSynechococcusdiversity. We also observed that the dominant sequence variant switched during the peak of multipleSynechococcusblooms, with this switch occurring in multiple clades, but we present initial evidence that this apparent ASV switch is a physiological response rather than a change in the dominant population.
Morphological patterns and distributions in portable chest radiographs of COVID‐19‐positive cases admitted to a tertiary care hospital: An early experience from Scandinavia
Authors: Bharadwaz Arindam , Langfeldt Sten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionChest radiographic (CXR) features, particularly portable CXR findings, of COVID‐19 have not yet been systematically described, either as a baseline tool or as a follow‐up method, despite the continuing global pandemic. There is a marked paucity of articles detailing the CXR findings vis‐à‐vis a multitude of articles dedicated to the CT features of COVID‐19. The purpose of this article is to describe the morphological and distributional patterns of the lung opacities in CXR and to classify the spectrum of essential features on portable AP chest radiographs of PCR‐positive COVID‐19 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Scandinavia. To our knowledge, this is the first article to describe the morphological and topographical features of CXRs in COVID‐19‐positive cases.MethodsA retrospective analysis of twenty (20) RT‐PCR‐positive COVID‐19 patients admitted to the hospital between 12.03.2020 to 10.04.2020 was done in this study. Morphology and distribution of the opacities were reviewed by two senior consultants and analysed for patterns.ResultsMost patients had ground‐glass opacities (80–85%) and interspersed interstitial opacities (70–75%), often with a characteristic appearance. The opacities were mostly bilateral (80%) and distributed in the lower zones (and to some extent mid zones) and in the middle and peripheral regions, with a tendency to merge towards the hilar areas. There were high interobserver agreements among various parameters and no significant statistical difference between observer 1 and 2.ConclusionChest radiographics show characteristic patterns and distributions, which can be used as an adjunct in the diagnosis and follow‐up of COVID‐19 patients in specific clinical contexts.
Prevalence of dementia in the Torres Strait
Authors: Russell Sarah G. , Quigley Rachel , Thompson Fintan , Sagigi Betty , LoGiudice Dina , Smith Kate , Pachana Nancy , Miller Gavin , Strivens Edward 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of dementia and problems associated with ageing in the Torres Strait.MethodsThe study was conducted across all 18 island and 5 mainland communities in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area of Far North Queensland. Participants underwent a comprehensive health assessment and a Geriatrician assessment, which were used to establish consensus diagnoses.ResultsA total of 276 Torres Strait residents aged between 45 and 93 participated in the study. The prevalence of dementia in the sample was 14.2%, which was 2.87 times higher than the wider Australian population.ConclusionTorres Strait Islander peoples share the increased risk of dementia seen in Aboriginal Australians compared to the wider community. This highlights the need for interventions to address this increased dementia risk for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.
A novel technique to produce tubular scaffolds based on collagen and elastin
Authors: Rodrigues Isabella C. P. , Pereira Karina D. , Woigt Luiza F. , Jardini André L. , Luchessi Augusto D. , Lopes Éder S. N. , Webster Thomas J. , Gabriel Laís P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTubular polymer scaffolds based on tissue engineering techniques have been studied as potential alternatives for vascular regeneration implants. The blood vessels of the cardiovascular system are mainly fibrous, composed of collagen (Col) and elastin (El), and its inner layer consists of endothelial cells. In this work, Col and El were combined with polyurethane (PU), a biocompatible synthetic polymer, and rotary jet spinning, a new and highly productive technique, to produce fibrous scaffolds. The scaffolds produced at 18 000 rpm presented homogeneous, bead‐free, and solvent‐free fibers. The blend formation between PU‐Col‐El was identified by chemical composition analysis and enhanced the thermal stability up to 324°C. The hydrophilic nature of the scaffold was revealed by its low contact angle. Cell viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with the scaffold was proven for 72 hours. The combined strategy of rotary jet spinning with a polymer blend containing Col and El was verified as an effective and promising alternative to obtain tubular scaffolds for tissue engineering on a large‐scale production.
Machine‐learning algorithms for predicting hospital re‐admissions in sickle cell disease
Authors: Patel Arisha , Gan Kyra , Li Andrew A. , Weiss Jeremy , Nouraie Mehdi , Tayur Sridhar , Novelli Enrico M. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryReducing preventable hospital re‐admissions in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) could potentially improve outcomes and decrease healthcare costs. In a retrospective study of electronic health records, we hypothesized Machine‐Learning (ML) algorithms may outperform standard re‐admission scoring systems (LACE and HOSPITAL indices). Participants (n = 446) included patients with SCD with at least one unplanned inpatient encounter between January 1, 2013, and November 1, 2018. Patients were randomly partitioned into training and testing groups. Unplanned hospital admissions (n = 3299) were stratified to training and testing samples. Potential predictors (n = 486), measured from the last unplanned inpatient discharge to the current unplanned inpatient visit, were obtained via both data‐driven methods and clinical knowledge. Three standard ML algorithms, Logistic Regression (LR), Support‐Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) were applied. Prediction performance was assessed using the C‐statistic, sensitivity, and specificity. In addition, we reported the most important predictors in our best models. In this dataset, ML algorithms outperformed LACE [C‐statistic 0·6, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0·57–0·64] and HOSPITAL (C‐statistic 0·69, 95% CI 0·66–0·72), with the RF (C‐statistic 0·77, 95% CI 0·73–0·79) and LR (C‐statistic 0·77, 95% CI 0·73–0·8) performing the best. ML algorithms can be powerful tools in predicting re‐admission in high‐risk patient groups.
Integrating climate and host richness as drivers of global parasite diversity
Authors: Martins Paulo Mateus , Poulin Robert , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimClimate and host richness are essential drivers of global gradients in parasite diversity, and the few existing studies on parasites have mostly investigated their effects separately. The advantages of combining these factors into a single analytical framework include unravelling the relative roles of abiotic and biotic drivers of parasite diversity. We compiled a dataset of helminths of amphibians to investigate the direct and indirect effects of temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality and host richness as drivers of parasite diversity at the global scale. Our analyses focus not only on the least studied group of vertebrates regarding macroecology of parasite diversity, but also the host group most sensitive to climatic conditions, especially temperature seasonality and water availability.LocationGlobal.Time period1955–2017.Major taxa studiedHelminth parasites of amphibians.MethodsWe used piecewise structural equation modelling on a global dataset of helminths of amphibians, comprising 613 populations of 319 anuran species and 94 populations of 43 salamander species from 10 zoogeographical realms.ResultsWe found that precipitation seasonality and host richness both affect parasite diversity positively, but the latter presented a stronger effect. Additionally, we found that both temperature seasonality and total precipitation indirectly affected parasite richness through their respective negative and positive effects on host richness.Main conclusionsFuture studies on global gradients in parasite diversity should include both direct and indirect effects of climatic factors as drivers of parasite diversity. Integrating multiple predictors into a single statistical framework that measures both direct and indirect effects increases our theoretical understanding of the relative importance of and interactions among different diversity drivers at the macroecological scale. The indirect effects of temperature seasonality and total precipitation on parasite diversity are an interesting new insight brought by our study, with implications for future studies dealing with host–parasite coextinctions due to climate change.
Medical malpractice litigation related to choking accidents in older people in Japan
Authors: Hamasaki Tomoko , Hagihara Akihito 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse malpractice litigation cases in Japan and identify the factors related to choking accidents in older people.BackgroundChoking while eating is common in older people and has potentially severe consequences.MethodsThis study analysed court decisions related to choking accidents occurring in Japan between 2000 and 2015 that involved the death of an older person or permanent severe choking‐related injury. A database of court decisions (n = 23) was constructed according to patient and caregiver characteristics, and nursing services. An analysis was performed on caregiver liability, and to identify factors related to choking accidents.ResultsThe court ruled that the caregiver was liable in 10 of the 23 cases. Liability was related to appropriate food choices, failure to monitor of eating or the non‐performance of resuscitation after an accident. Prior knowledge of aspiration (P < .001), inappropriate assistance during the meal (P < .001), and inappropriate emergency treatment (P = .028) were more likely to be present in cases in which caregivers were judged liable than in those in which they were not.ConclusionsLack of appropriate assistance during the meal was the factor most strongly associated with a court ruling of caregiver liability for choking accidents in older people.
Thin coatings of hafnon abate oxidative recession of SiC fibers
Authors: Azarnoush Setareh , Raj Rishi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe oxidation behavior of SiC fibers coated with (a) undoped polysilazane and (b) precursors containing a mixture of polysilazane and hafnium butoxide in equal weight fractions, is reported. The coatings were prepared by repetitive cycles of nanolayer depositions, as reported in recent publications. The oxidation experiments were carried out at 1400°C in ambient air (Boulder, CO) for up to 100 hours. The extent of degradation of SiC was measured by the recession in the diameter of the fibers as a function of time. The fibers with undoped polymer precursor recessed significantly, whereas the fibers coated with HfSiCNO remained essentially unchanged. These results are in agreement with earlier work from our laboratory where the resilience of hafnon and zircon, as well as hafnia and zirconia, against high‐temperature corrosion in streaming humid environments had been highlighted.
What Makes an Attack Sexual?
Authors: Morgan Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe recognise certain acts as ‘sexual assault’, ‘sexual violence’, or a ‘sexual offence’, often to offer strong moral condemnation or to prescribe legal sanction. A common feature of these attacks is that they impose nonconsensual sexual contact; they are sexual attacks. While there has been extensive discussion of consent to sexual contact and of the conditions under which consensual contact is sexual, there has been little investigation into what it is for nonconsensual contact to be sexual. The purpose of this article is to examine the conditions under which an attack (nonconsensual contact) is sexual. I first argue that an account of sexual attacks is important, not least because the question has pressing moral and legal implications. I then consider and reject three accounts, one appealing solely to intuitions, one appealing to the body parts involved, and one appealing to the assailant’s mental state. Finally, I develop my own account. I propose that an attack is sexual if and only if it carries a sexual expressive significance, and thereby conveys a sexual meaning.
Oral health and oral health behaviour of adolescents with mild or borderline intellectual disabilities compared with a national representative sample of 17‐year‐olds in the Netherlands
Authors: Vermaire Jan Hendrik , Kalf Sonja M. , Schuller Annemarie A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities have worse health outcomes compared to their peers without. However, regarding oral health parameters, recent systematic reviews reported conflicting evidence. The aim was to assess whether adolescents with MBID differ from their peers in oral health and oral health behaviour.MethodsNinety seven adolescents with MBID participated in this comparative study. Outcomes were compared to data of 17‐year‐old Dutch adolescents (n = 581) from a national epidemiological study on oral health and oral health behaviour.ResultsAdolescents with MBID showed worse oral health outcomes and poorer oral hygiene than their peers from the general population. Furthermore, they visit the dentist less regularly, brush less frequently, eat main‐dishes less frequently and have higher levels of dental anxiety.ConclusionAdolescents with MBID have poorer oral health and show worse oral health‐promoting behaviours than their peers in the general population. Targeted interventions to reach this vulnerable group are necessary.
Tumour necrosis factor‐α promotes BMHSC differentiation by increasing P2X7 receptor in oestrogen‐deficient osteoporosis
Authors: Lu Jiajia , Zhou Zhibin , Ma Jun , Lu Nan , Lei Zhu , Du Di , Chen Aimin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe exact mechanism of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) promoting osteoclast differentiation is not completely clear. A variety of P2 purine receptor subtypes have been confirmed to be widely involved in bone metabolism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore whether P2 receptor is involved in the differentiation of osteoclasts. Mouse bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (BMHSCs) were co‐cultured with TNF‐α to explore the effect of TNF‐α on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption capacity in vitro, and changes in the P2 receptor were detected at the same time. The P2 receptor was silenced and overexpressed to explore the effect on differentiation of BMHSCs into osteoclasts. In an in vivo experiment, the animal model of PMOP was established in ovariectomized mice, and anti‐TNF‐α intervention was used to detect the ability of BMHCs to differentiate into osteoclasts as well as the expression of the P2 receptor. It was confirmed in vitro that TNF‐α at a concentration of 20 ng/mL up‐regulated the P2X7 receptor of BMHSCs through the PI3k/Akt signalling pathway, promoted BMHSCs to differentiate into a large number of osteoclasts and enhanced bone resorption. In vivo experiments showed that more P2X7 receptor positive osteoclasts were produced in postmenopausal osteoporotic mice. Anti‐TNF‐α could significantly delay the progression of PMOP by inhibiting the production of osteoclasts. Overall, our results revealed a novel function of the P2X7 receptor and suggested that suppressing the P2X7 receptor may be an effective strategy to delay bone formation in oestrogen deficiency‐induced osteoporosis.
Physicians' cognitive strategies for avoiding overconfidence
Authors: Yagil Dana , Reuveni Yehudit , Segal‐Karpas Dikla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysicians' overconfidence damages the quality of medical care. Due to their high social status and intense impact on people lives, physicians need to develop strategies to avoid overconfidence. Yet until now, the strategies physicians use to avoid overconfidence have not been explored. This study aimed to identify strategies physicians use to minimize potential overconfidence.MethodsThis qualitative study relied on face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. Participants were 22 physicians specializing in ophthalmology, gynaecology, rheumatology, cardiology, anaesthesiology, paediatrics, radiology, orthopaedics, otolaryngology, gastroenterology, family and paediatrics. The interviews were analyzed with the grounded theory approach.ResultsAnalysis of the interviews revealed three prominent strategies physicians use to minimize overconfidence: awareness of the risks of overconfidence, framing a mundane professional identity, and cultivation of a positive self‐view through pride based on effort rather than skills.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the on‐going nature of establishing physicians' professional identity and implies that it is shaped by a motivation to adapt their identity to fundamental requirements of medical practice. Medical training and education might promote strategies for minimization of potential overconfidence among physicians.