bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of human embryo development: from cell fate to tissue shape and back
Authors: Shahbazi Marta N. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Gene regulatory networks and tissue morphogenetic events drive the emergence of shape and function: the pillars of embryo development. Although model systems offer a window into the molecular biology of cell fate and tissue shape, mechanistic studies of our own development have so far been technically and ethically challenging. However, recent technical developments provide the tools to describe, manipulate and mimic human embryos in a dish, thus opening a new avenue to exploring human development. Here, I discuss the evidence that supports a role for the crosstalk between cell fate and tissue shape during early human embryogenesis. This is a critical developmental period, when the body plan is laid out and many pregnancies fail. Dissecting the basic mechanisms that coordinate cell fate and tissue shape will generate an integrated understanding of early embryogenesis and new strategies for therapeutic intervention in early pregnancy loss.
The effectiveness of a contingent financial incentive to improve trial follow up; a randomised study within a trial (SWAT)
Authors: Arundel Catherine , Coleman Elizabeth , Fairhurst Caroline , Peckham Emily , Bailey Della , Gilbody Simon 
Published: July 2020

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of a contingent financial incentive (£10 note in addition to a routinely provided £10 voucher) versus no contingent financial incentive, on improving the retention rate in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods A two arm ‘Study within a Trial’ (SWAT) embedded within a host RCT (SCIMITAR+). Participants were randomised to the SWAT using a 2:1 (intervention:control) allocation ratio. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of participants completing a CO breath measurement at the first SCIMITAR+ follow up time point (6 months). Secondary outcomes were withdrawing from follow-up after contact and time from assessment due date to completion. Analyses were conducted using logistic or Cox Proportional Hazards regression as appropriate. Results A total of 434 participants were randomised into this SWAT. Completion of the CO breath measurement at 6 months was 88.5% (n=247) in the intervention arm of the SWAT and 85.4% (n=123) in the control arm (Difference 3.1%, OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.71-2.33, p=0.41). There was also no evidence of a difference in the proportion of participants withdrawing from follow-up after contact (intervention n=7 (2.5%), control n=5 (3.5%); OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.23-2.44, p=0.64), nor in terms of proximity of 6-month visit completion to due date (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.86-1.33, p=0.55). Conclusion It is unclear if contingent financial incentives increased rates of face-to-face follow-up completion within the SCIMITAR+ trial population. However, the sample size of this SWAT was constrained by the size of the host trial and power was limited. This SWAT adds to the body of evidence for initiatives to increase response rates in trials.
The Behavioral Promise and Pitfalls in Compensating Store Managers
Authors: Li Shan , Chen Kay-Yut , Rong Ying 
Published: July 2020

Compensation systems have rapidly been shifting away from a fixed wage contractual payment basis. Many companies today are creating incentive compensation contracts to reward hard-working employees for jobs done well. Profit sharing (“sharing compensation contract”) and target with bonus (“target compensation contract”) are two common performance-based compensation contracts prevalent in business. We theoretically and behaviorally study the sharing and target compensation contracts in an operational context where a firm sets the parameters of the compensation contracts and a store manager, after observing the compensation contract offered to him, chooses his effort level (unobservable by the firm) and makes ordering decisions for the store. Our experimental data suggest systematic deviations from the theoretical benchmark and reveal behavioral promise and pitfalls under the two compensation contracts. In particular, the store manager is more willing to exert high effort under the target contract all else being equal. However, the store manager is also more likely to punish the firm for perceived “unfair” offers by submitting an extremely low order quantity. We find that bounded rationality plays an important role in driving a higher effort rate under the target contract than the sharing contract. We introduce a new formulation of the fairness concerns, which is referred to as by-state fairness, where individuals, rather than considering whether the expected profits received are fair, consider the fairness in the potential realized outcomes. This new formulation explains why managers are more likely to order very little to punish the firm under the target contract. In addition, we conduct validation experiments to verify our behavioral explanation. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.
Fabry–Perot-resonator-coupled metal pattern metamaterial for infrared suppression and radiative cooling
Authors: Liu Dachuan , Xu Yuanpei , Xuan Yimin 
Published: July 2020

The most intuitive approach for infrared stealth, namely, the indiscriminate suppression of thermal radiation, is often at the risk of overheating the target. Spectrally selective metamaterials may solve this problem by satisfying radiative cooling as well as infrared suppression. Therefore, we have designed and fabricated a broadband metamaterial by depositing a Fabry–Perot (F-P) resonator on top of a metal pattern. The composite structure has two absorption peaks, one originating from F-P resonance, the other from the magnetic resonance of the metal pattern, and they can be merged into the 5∼8 µm range through optimization. According to Kirchhoff’s law, this results in high emissivity in the 5∼8 µm range (the best choice of nonatmospheric-window ranges) and low emissivity in the 3∼5 µm and 8∼14 µm ranges (the two atmospheric windows), satisfying both infrared suppression and radiative cooling. Energy dissipation distributions indicate apparent coupling of F-P resonance and magnetic resonance, but these two resonances are stronger at their respective intrinsic wavelengths. This paper reveals an alternative method for infrared suppression with radiative cooling, which is also meaningful in the design of broad/multiband absorbers.
Structured metal double-blazed dispersion grating for broadband spectral efficiency achromatization
Authors: Sandfuchs Oliver , Kraus Matthias , Brunner Robert 
Published: July 2020

The majority of spectrometers use reflective dispersion gratings with a metal-coated blazed grating profile for spectral decomposition. They achieve high diffraction efficiency at the design wavelength, which decays considerably in the adjacent longer and shorter wavelength ranges. We introduce a structured metal double-blazed grating with a high diffraction efficiency for a broadband spectral range, consisting of a sawtooth-like structured metal surface filled with a first dielectric transparent material. The planarized upper surface is covered with a second blazed profile of a different transparent material. We present a systematical theoretical analysis of the diffraction efficiency in reflection geometry, based on a scalar approach involving fundamental dispersion parameters such as Abbe numbers and relative partial dispersions of the materials. We find material combinations reducing the profile heights down to 1–2 µm.
Numerical analysis of the transmission function of the NPE-based saturable absorber in a mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Bednyakova A. E. , Kharenko D. S. , Yarovikov A. P. 
Published: July 2020

We report on a detailed investigation of two approaches to the modeling of the nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) effect, forming part of an effective artificial saturable absorber. Comparison of scalar and hybrid models was performed on an example of an all fiber laser, generating highly chirped dissipative solitons at 1.55 µm. It was shown that distributed action of this type of saturable absorber in the specially designed cavity can be reduced to the point action and described in terms of critical power, modulation depth, and phase shift of the sinusoidal transmission function. Its parabolic approximation gives a large area with less than 15% difference between the energies and durations of the pulses in the considered models. Qualitative relations between the physical cavity parameters and parameters of the transmission function have been established.
Positive Solutions for Resonant (p, q)-equations with convection
Authors: Liu Zhenhai , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider a nonlinear parametric Dirichlet problem driven by the (p, q)-Laplacian (double phase problem) with a reaction exhibiting the competing effects of three different terms. A parametric one consisting of the sum of a singular term and of a drift term (convection) and of a nonparametric perturbation which is resonant. Using the frozen variable method and eventually a fixed point argument based on an iterative asymptotic process, we show that the problem has a positive smooth solution.
No difference in the outcome of metastatic thyroid cancer patients when using recombinant or endogenous TSH
Authors: Campopiano Maria Cristina , Podestà Debora , Bianchi Francesca , Giani Carlotta , Agate Laura , Bottici Valeria , Cappagli Virginia , Lorusso Loredana , Matrone Antonio , Puleo Luciana , Valerio Laura , Viola David , Piaggi Paolo , Elisei Rossella , Molinaro Eleonora 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
At present, recombinant TSH cannot be used for the treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the type of TSH stimulation, recombinant or endogenous, had an impact on the outcome of these patients.

Design and methods:
We compared the outcome of two propensity score-matched groups of metastatic patients, stimulated by either only recombinant TSH (n = 43) or only endogenous TSH (n = 34).

Results:
As expected from the matching procedure, the clinical–pathological features and the cumulative 131-I activities administered to the two groups were very similar. After 4 years of follow-up, 4% of patients were cured, 3% had biochemical disease and 93% had structural disease. However, 91% of patients obtained a clinical benefit from this therapy in terms of stabilization of the disease or complete remission or partial response. When considering the two groups separately, we did not find any difference in their outcome. When considering the response to 131-I therapy of the single type of metastases, 8% of lymph node metastases and 8% of lung metastases disappeared but none of the bone metastases. The response to 131-I therapy of the single type of metastases was similar when we looked at the two groups separately.

Conclusions:
This study shows (i) an overall clinical benefit of the 131-I therapy, since the majority of patients remained affected but with a stable disease, and (ii) that the preparation with either recombinant or endogenous TSH has no impact on the 131-I therapy efficacy and the outcome of our two groups of patients.
ТЕМА СТРАДАНИЯ КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОБРАЗА ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Authors: Vershyna Viktoriia A. 
Published: July 2020

Актуальность исследования определена двумя ключевыми аспектами современной социокультурной ситуации, которая уже обозначена как «совершенно новая для человечества». Во-первых, это антропологически-экзистенциальный вопрос о сущности и природе самого человека, о ценностях, регулирующих жизнь индивида и общества, и смыслах, связывающих человека с миром и продуцируемых культурой. Другой аспект состоит в той радикальной переоценке традиционных норм, ценностей, форм и институтов культуры, которая происходит в последнее время.
Цель данной работы заключается в рассмотрении феномена страдания как одного из элементов образа человека в концептуальном аспекте.
Феномен страдания рассматривается как один из ключевых элементов формирования образа человека. Образ человека формируется в определенном контексте и поэтому всегда культурно опосредован. Он отражает объективные реалии бытия и поведения людей в определенном сообществе, а также задает некую общепризнанную модель, определяет нормативный идеал, к которому должно стремиться индивиду, определяет образцы, матрицы поведенческих предпочтений и реакций. В структурном отношении образ человека состоит из ряда устойчивых элементов, но вместе с тем их число и иерархия обусловлены контекстуально и подвижны. Поэтому, за исключением буддизма, страдание неизменно присутствует в образе человека, но роль, место и ценность страдания вариативны в культурных практиках и нормативны для индивидов каждого конкретного социума. Выделены два основных контекста оценки страдания и предлагаемых вариантов отношения к страданию, господствовавшие в истории культуры до начала эпохи Нового времени: философский и религиозный. Обозначены пути интерпретации страдания в античном философском дискурсе. Отмечена значимость, сложность, неоднозначность трактовки страдания христианским мировоззрением.
KAJIAN ARSITEKTUR MODERN PADA PRASARANA SEKOLAH KEBERBAKATAN OLAHRAGA (SKO)
Authors: Tri Wicaksono Muhmmad Rizki Teguh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract: Modern Architecture is one of the famous concepts from the past until now. Modern architectural style that eliminates the style of ornamentation is one of the strong characteristics of modern architecture. By making the building more minimalist modern architecture has a good impact on the world of architecture to the present. One of them is modern architecture in infrastructure or sports hall, to achieve good quality facilities becomes a very important role in the world of sports. The application of modern architecture to sports buildings can be seen in the looks and plans of buildings of its sports facilities. The case study used for this research is the Middle School / High School for Sports, Ragunan. By examining some parts of the principles of modern architecture, namely: The use of basic geometric shapes, the use of elements of field and volume lines, the symmetrical impression on buildings, the use of grid systems, the honesty of construction and structure. The conclusion is that the building of a special sports school in the Ragunan has used Modern Architecture from the principles that have been used as well as the results of the analysis. Keywords : Architecture; Modern Architecture; Principal Architecture Abstrak: Arsitektur Modern merupakan salah satu konsep yang terkenal dari dulu hingga sekarang. Gaya arsitektur modern yang menghilangkan corak ornamen merupakan salah satu ciri khas yang kental dari Arsitektur modern. Dengan menjadikan bangunan menjadi lebih minimalis arsitektur modern membawa dampak yang baik pada dunia arsitektur hingga saat ini. Salah satu nya adalah arsitektur modern pada prasarana atau gedung olahraga, untuk mencapai kualitas yang bagus fasilitas menjadi peran yang sangat penting dalam dunia olahraga. Penerapan arsitektur modern pada gedung olahraga bisa terlihat pada tampak dan denah dari bangunan fasilitas olahraga nya. Studi kasus yang dipakai untuk penelitian ini adalah SMP/SMA Sekolah Khusus Olahraga, Ragunan. Dengan meneliti beberapa bagian dari prinsip arsitektur modern yaitu: Penggunaan bentuk dasar geometri, Penggunaan unsur garis bidang dan volume, Kesan Simetris pada bangunan, Penggunaan sistem grid, Kejujuran konstruksi dan struktur. Kesimpulanya bahwa pada bangunan Sekolah khusus olahraga di Ragunan telah menggunakan Arsitektur Modern dari prinsip-prinsip yang telah gunakan serta hasil analisis. Kata Kunci: Arsitektur; Arsitektur Modern; Prinsip Arsitektur
PENERAPAN KONSEP DESA BERKELANJUTAN PADA ZONING KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN DI KECAMATAN SULANG KABUPATEN REMBANG
Authors: Wungo Grandy Loranesssa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract: A residential area is part of the environment outside the protected area, both in the form of urban and rural areas, which functions as a residential or residential environment and a place of activity that supports community activities. Sulang Village has the potential as an urban area, a complete infrastructure, and a strategic location because it is cross by the Rembang-Blora Collector Street, a road that connects Rembang and Blora Regencies. This research aims to find the concept of rural settlement development as one of the strategies for sustainable village development in Rembang Regency. This study uses qualitative research with descriptive characteristics, where data collection techniques are carried out using field observations, interviews, and literature analysis. The output is obtained by the sustainable village zoning strategy, which is adjusted to the physical and non-physical study in Sulang Village. Keywords: Settlement, Rural, Sustainable Abstrak:Kawasan permukiman adalah bagian dari lingkungan hidup di luar kawasan lindung, baik berupa kawasan perkotaan maupun perdesaan, yang berfungsi sebagai lingkungan tempat tinggal atau lingkungan hunian dan tempat kegiatan yang mendukung aktivitas masyarakat. Desa Sulang dan Desa Kemadu memiliki potensi sebagai kawasan perkotaan, sarana prasarna yang lengkap dan dan lokasi yang strategis karena dilewati oleh Jalan Kolektor Rembang-Blora dimana jalan tersebut merupakan jalan yang menghubungkan Kabupaten Rembang dan Blora. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang diarahkan untuk mencari konsep pengembangan permukiman dipedesaan sebagai salah satu dari strategi pembangunan desa berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Rembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan ciri deskriptif, dimana teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi lapangan, wawancara serta analisa literatur. Luarannya didapatkan startegi zonasi desa berkelanjutan yang disesuai dengan analisis fisik dan non fisik di Desa Sulang dan Desa Kemadu. Keywords: Permukiman, Pedesaan, Berkelanjutan
REDUÇÃO DO CONSUMO DE ÁGUA ATRAVÉS DE PROPOSIÇÕES DE PRÁTICAS DE PRODUÇÃO MAIS LIMPA PARA INDÚSTRIA DE GALVANIZAÇÃO
Authors: Camargo Ferreira Maria Eliana , Imai Hugo Eiji , Soto Herek Rezende Luciana Cristina , Picada Emanuelli Isabele , Ueda Yamaguchi Natália 
Published: July 2020

A galvanização é considerada uma das mais importantes alternativas de proteção contra corrosão para o aço, porém as tecnologias e os processos utilizados em operações de acabamento de peças metálicas e operações de enxágue são fontes de poluição ambiental. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um estudo de caso para avaliar o processo produtivo de uma indústria de galvanização e estabelecer práticas de PML mediante propostas de inovação incremental sustentável nas diferentes etapas da produção. Para tanto, associou ao estudo de caso uma pesquisa de campo exploratória, em um processo de galvanização de uma indústria de ferragens destinadas à telefonia e distribuição elétrica na cidade de Mandaguari-PR, visando realizar observações sistemáticas dos processos produtivos, coleta de dados, caracterização quali-quantitativa dos efluentes gerados, e finalmente a elaboração das propostas de práticas de PML. Nas análises da produção verificou-se que os resíduos líquidos diluídos eram descartados periodicamente, e proviam das águas de lavagem das peças, e apresentavam característica com alto teor de metais, principalmente zinco e chumbo, sendo extremamente ácida. Medidas de PML visando reduzir o consumo de água de enxágue e a geração de resíduos perigosos foram propostas. Desta forma, a redução, reutilização e recuperação da água na indústria de galvanização poderão contribuir na redução da quantidade total de resíduos, emissões e toxicidade de resíduos e como conseqüência, contribuindo para a circularidade da economia neste setor.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS PRINCIPAIS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS OCASIONADOS PELO MANEJO DA PECUÁRIA NO MUNICÍPIO DE HUMAITÁ – AM
Authors: Abadias Ivalmir Mota , Fonseca Paulo Rogério Beltramin da , Barbosa Cleisson Hugo , Sales Maria Clecia Gomes 
Published: July 2020

O manejo da pecuária em detrimento de práticas impróprias tem sido colocado em evidencia nos últimos anos devido ao desgaste ocasionado ao meio ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os impactos ambientais relacionados com o manejo e a introdução da atividade pecuária no município de Humaitá no Sul do Amazonas. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Humaitá em três unidades de produção distintas (Vicinal do Auto Crato, BR 230 e BR 319). As principais variáveis ambientais observadas neste estudo e que possam ter alguma relação com impacto ambiental do manejo da agropecuária foram: Desmatamento, queimadas e uso do solo. Para a análise quantitativa dos dados foi utilizado o programa Microsoft Excel®, no qual as informações numéricas serão organizadas e tabuladas com o intuito de estabelecer a estatística descritiva. O Resultado mostrou que nas áreas estudadas, o desmatamento para a criação de áreas de pastagem embora em quantidade reduzida pode ocasionar problemas ambientais caso a prática seja intensificada na região. Com relação a prática de queimadas, a mesma também se apresentou em pequenas quantidades, vale ressaltar que nas propriedades que a continuidade desta prática pode gerar problemas na superfície do solo deixando desprotegido e pobre em matéria orgânica e ainda contribuir para o aumento de focos de calor no município. Os principais problemas relacionados ao uso e manejo do solo da área de pastagem se dá pela utilização de implementos agrícolas como aração e gradagem visando à preparação da terra para semeadura de pastagens, pastejo excessivo, a falta de manutenção e práticas conservacionistas. Contudo, ressalta-se que a utilização de práticas de manejo na atividade pecuária do município tem sido realiza em pequena escala, porém não se descarta a possibilidade da ocorrência de impactos ambientais na região.
ANÁLISE DOS PROCESSOS OPERACIONAIS DA EMPRESA AÉREA LATAM BRASIL REFERENTE AOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS EM SUAS OPERAÇÕES COM AS AERONAVES AIRBUS 320
Authors: Ferreira Leopoldo Duarte , Garcia Cleo Marcus , Henkes Jairo Afonso 
Published: July 2020

O Transporte Aéreo é amplamente utilizado em todo o mundo. Juntamente com este modal existem vários processos relacionados a sua cadeia de produção, que são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de qualquer país, junto com estes processos são gerados impactos ambientais que fazem parte desse desenvolvimento, que caminha junto com o crescimento da humanidade na luta pela sua sobrevivência. O Brasil é um dos países signatários de tratados, convenções, acordos nacionais e internacionais que regulam a aviação, que objetivam a diminuição e controle de seus impactos. O crescimento da aviação no mundo tem perspectiva real e concreta através da constante utilização do avião como meio fundamental para fins econômicos como transporte de cargas fundamentais e no aumento do turismo. O Brasil com suas dimensões continentais possui suas regras próprias para que as empresas brasileiras operem os voos domésticos e com isso existe a possibilidade de crescimento do segmento no modal doméstico, além de aumento de voos internacionais com empresas estrangeiras. Neste trabalho monográfico se pretende demonstrar quais são os processos operacionais que a Empresa Latam Brasil realiza para minimizar os impactos gerados em suas operações com as aeronaves Airbus 320. Para atingir o objetivo, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, através de buscas realizadas nos sites da empresa aérea e dos órgãos reguladores do setor, associada à análise de dados de artigos, livros, projetos e documentos diversos. Além disso foi realizada uma pesquisa em aeroportos com registros fotográficos e pesquisas com despachantes da empresa no aeroporto de Guarulhos. A partir da avaliação dos dados e do entendimento atual do setor, foram elaboradas considerações relacionadas a melhorias nos atuais processos de utilização de equipamentos de suporte de energia e ar condicionado nos processos de solo, processos de coleta seletiva de materiais provenientes do serviço de bordo e certificação de processos ISO 14001 e ainda sobre as consequências de um aumento de seus impactos das atividades da empresa em um setor com previsão de crescimento.