bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Political Scandals Affect the Electorate. Tracing the Eroding and Spillover Effects of Scandals with a Panel Study
Authors: von Sikorski Christian , Heiss Raffael , Matthes Jörg 
Published: November 2019

Political scandals are highly relevant for political decision‐making and democratic processes more generally. While most prior research employed experimental and cross‐sectional survey studies, we tested the effects of a political scandal in the context of the 2017 Austrian Parliamentary Elections using panel data (N = 559, both waves). Importantly, we used a unique data set collected before and just after a major scandal broke in the final election phase. Drawing on a motivated reasoning perspective, attribution theory, and the inclusion/exclusion model, our results revealed a scandal‐eroding effect particularly damaging a candidate's own base of supporters and leaving followers in disappointment. The findings also showed a negative scandal‐spillover effect for candidate supporters high in scandal knowledge decreasing political trust toward other politicians. Importantly, the results revealed that negative candidate evaluations are not a necessary precondition for negative spillover effects on political trust more generally.
Carry trade and forward premium puzzle from the perspective of a safe‐haven currency
Authors: Haab David R. , Nitschka Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSwiss franc exchange rates exhibit safe‐haven characteristics, which suggest a close link between the forward premium puzzle and profitability of the carry trade. Our analysis of Swiss franc exchange rates shows that the two phenomena are distinct from each other, thus corroborating U.S. dollar evidence. Persistent exposures to two different global shocks drive the two phenomena in Swiss franc exchange rates. Moreover, we find significant links between expected average Swiss franc exchange rate changes and macroeconomic conditions during the period of the minimum Swiss franc exchange rate against the euro, but not during the rest of the sample period.
Inferring the Outcomes of Rejected Loans: An Application of Semisupervised Clustering
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Hu Xinyi , Li Ke , Zhou Fanyin , Shen Feng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryRejection inference aims to reduce sample bias and to improve model performance in credit scoring. We propose a semisupervised clustering approach as a new rejection inference technique. K-prototype clustering can deal with mixed types of numeric and categorical characteristics, which are common in consumer credit data. We identify homogeneous acceptances and rejections and assign labels to part of the rejections according to the label of acceptances. We test the performance of various rejection inference methods in logit, support vector machine and random-forests models based on data sets of real consumer loans. The predictions of clustering rejection inference show advantages over other traditional rejection inference methods. Inferring the label of the rejection from semisupervised clustering is found to help to mitigate the sample bias problem and to improve the predictive accuracy.
Post‐transfusion platelet responses in critically ill cancer patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia
Authors: Baron Elodie , Charpentier Julien , François Anne , Ben Hadj Amor Habib , Habr Bassem , Cariou Alain , Chiche Jean‐Daniel , Mira Jean‐Paul , Jamme Matthieu , Pène Frédéric 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDPlatelet transfusion is aimed at increasing platelet counts to prevent or treat bleeding. Critically ill cancer patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia are high consumers of blood products. We herein described their post‐transfusion platelet responses in the intensive care unit (ICU) and analyzed the determinants of poor post‐transfusion increments.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a single‐center 9‐year (2009‐2017) retrospective observational study. Patients with malignancies and presumed or proven hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia who had received at least one platelet transfusion in the ICU were included. Poor post‐transfusion platelet increments were defined as body surface‐adjusted corrected count increment (CCI) <7, or alternatively as weight‐adjusted platelet transfusion recovery (PTR) <0.2. Patients were deemed refractory to platelet transfusions when two consecutive ABO‐compatible transfusions resulted in poor platelet increments.RESULTSA total of 1470 platelet transfusions received by 326 patients were analyzed. Indications for platelet transfusions were distributed into prophylactic (44.5%), peri‐procedural (18.1%) and therapeutic (37.4%). Regardless of indications, 54.6% and 55.4% of transfusion episodes were associated with a CCI <7 or a PTR <0.2. Factors independently associated with poor post‐transfusion increments were lower body mass index, spleen enlargement, concurrent severity of clinical condition, fever ≥39°C, antibiotic therapy and increased storage duration of platelet concentrates. Eventually, 48 patients developed refractoriness to platelet transfusion, which was associated increased incidence of bleeding events.CONCLUSIONPlatelet transfusions are often associated with poor increments in critically ill cancer patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia. The findings suggest amenable interventions to improve the platelet transfusion practices in this setting.
Lighting and the Circadian Rhythm of Night Shift Workers
Authors: Weatherly David G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The human factor of lighting is examined through the elements of sunlight, blue light, and how it affects the circadian rhythm, and ultimately how it impacts the work schedule of workers. The intricacies of light and human vision are explored to zero in on the issues with disrupting the circadian rhythm for these employees. Modifications can be incorporated into the design of the working environment to improve efficiency, productivity, safety, and job satisfaction in an effort to deal with these issues. Recommendations are provided in an effort to mitigate or reduce the disturbances to the circadian rhythm and improve overall performance for night shift workers.
Efficacy and safety data for the XEN45 implant at 2 years: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Gabbay Itay Elimelech , Allen Felicity , Morley Christine , Pearsall Tahmina , Bowes Oliver Martyn , Ruben Simon 
Published: November 2019

AimTo report efficacy and safety measures for XEN45 in a National Health Service setting after 24-month follow-up.MethodsThis is a retrospective, non-comparative audit of records of patients who underwent XEN45 procedure between June 2015 and May 2017. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and number of antihypertensive medications at each timepoint. Failure was defined as requiring further surgery or removal of XEN. Success was defined as 20% reduction of IOP without additional glaucoma medications or reduction in antihypertensive medications without increase in baseline IOP. Needling rates were assessed and subgroup analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 151 eyes were included in the study. The main diagnoses were primary open angle glaucoma (84.1%), angle closure glaucoma (8.6%) and refractory glaucoma (7.3%). Stand-alone procedure was performed in 62.3% and combined phaco-XEN was done in 37.7%. The mean IOP at baseline was 22.1±6.5 mm Hg, and the mean IOP at 12 and 24 months was 15.4±5.9 mm Hg and 14.5±3.3 mm Hg, respectively (p<0.001). The mean number of medications was 2.77±1.1 at baseline, and 0.3±0.7 and 0.5±1.0 medications at 12 and 24 months, respectively (p<0.001). 25% of patients failed at the 24-month timepoint. Needling was required in 37.7% of patients at 24 months. Non-Caucasian ethnicity was found to be related to higher failure rate. No significant adverse events were noted.ConclusionXEN45 is a viable, effective and safe procedure after 2 years of follow-up. Patients should be advised regarding failure rate as well as possible need for bleb revisions and medication use.
Cost and cost-effectiveness of point-of-care testing and treatment for sexually transmitted and genital infections in pregnancy in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Saweri Olga PM , Batura Neha , Adawiyah Rabiah al , Causer Louise , Pomat Willie , Vallely Andrew , Wiseman Virginia 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionThe economic and health burden of sexually transmitted and genital infections (henceforth, STIs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is substantial. Left untreated, STIs during pregnancy may result in several adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Timely diagnosis and treatment at point-of-care (POC) can potentially improve these outcomes. Despite the availability and promotion of POC diagnostics for STIs as a key component of antenatal care in LMICs, their widespread use has been limited, owing to the high economic costs faced by individuals and health systems. To date, there have been no systematic reviews which explore the cost or cost-effectiveness of POC testing and treatment of STIs in pregnancy in LMICs. The objective of this protocol is to outline the methods that will compare, synthesise and appraise the existing literature in this domain.Methods and analysisWe will conduct literature searches in MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science. To find additional literature, we will search Google Scholar and hand search reference lists of included papers. Two reviewers will independently search databases, screen titles, abstracts and full texts; when necessary a third reviewer will resolve disputes. Only cost and cost-effectiveness studies of POC testing and treatment of STIs, including syphilis, chlamydia, trichomonas, gonorrhoea and bacterial vaginosis, in pregnancy in LMICs will be included. Published checklists will be used to assess quality of reporting practices and methodological approaches. We will also assess risk of publication bias. Interstudy heterogeneity will be assessed and depending on variation between studies, a meta-analysis or narrative synthesis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as the review will use published literature. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed open source journal and presented at an international conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018109072.
Gestational diabetes prevention and treatment: a protocol for developing core outcome sets
Authors: Egan Aoife Maria , Dunne Fidelma P , Biesty Linda M , Bogdanet Delia , Crowther Caroline , Dempsey Eugene , Thangaratinam Shakila , Devane Declan , Fhelelboom Narjes 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionSelective reporting bias, inconsistency in the chosen outcomes between trials and irrelevance of the chosen outcomes for women, limit the efficiency and value of research for prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). One way to address these challenges is to develop core outcome sets (COSs).Methods and analysisThe aim of this manuscript is to present a protocol for a study to develop COSs for GDM prevention and treatment. This is a three-phase project consisting of (1) a systematic review of the literature to create two lists of outcomes that have been reported in trials and systematic reviews of trials of interventions for the prevention and treatment of GDM, (2) a three-round, web-based e-Delphi survey with key stakeholders to prioritise these outcomes and (3) a consensus meeting to resolve any remaining disagreements and to agree on two COSs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval to conduct this study was obtained from the ethics committee at Galway University Hospitals on 13 December 2018 (Reference: C.A.2078). We will disseminate our research findings through peer-reviewed, open access publications and present at international conferences to reach a wide range of knowledge users.
Do autistic patients change healthcare services utilisation through the transition age? An Italian longitudinal retrospective study
Authors: Tunesi Sara , Bosio Marco , Russo Antonio Giampiero 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThis paper aims to provide an estimate of the prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 8-year-olds in 2017 based on administrative databases and to investigate the change in healthcare service use during the healthcare transition age of 18.DesignThis research is based on a longitudinal retrospective cohort study.SettingThe data is drawn from the Italian Administrative Healthcare Database (2010–2017).ParticipantsWe identified 5607 ASD patients; 331 ASD patients from 2012 to 2015 in the calendar year of their 18th birthday were selected and their health service utilisation during a 5-year period—ranging from 2 years preceding and succeeding their 18th year—were investigated.InterventionsNone.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence, incidence and proportion of ASD patients receiving specific healthcare services were included in the outcome measures.ResultsPrevalence of ASD at age 8 was 5.4/1000. Global access to health and social services was lower both before and after age 18 (46.5% at 16; 68.0% at 18; 54.1% at 20). The percentage of patients receiving a neuropsychiatric consultation decreased after age 18 (30.8% at 18; 5.4% at 20). Community mental health services (CMHS) utilisation rate increased above 18 years of age. Regarding psychiatric visits, for both outpatient and CMHS, an increase was observed from 17.8% at age 18 to 25.4% at age 20. The utilisation of rehabilitation services decreased with age, dropping from 17.8% at age 16 to 1.8% at age 20. Psychiatric outpatient services remained stable across ages at about 14%.ConclusionOur findings suggest that ASD patients changed clinical reference services with age from neuropsychiatric and rehabilitative services towards psychiatric and community-based services as they transitioned from paediatric to adult healthcare services.
Pneumococcal pneumonia and carriage in Africa before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, 2000–2019: protocol for systematic review
Authors: Kalata Newton L. , Nyazika Tinashe K. , Swarthout Todd D. , Everett Dean , French Neil , Heyderman Robert S. , Gordon Stephen B. , Jambo Kondwani C. 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAfrica harbours a high burden of pneumococcal disease, with associated high mortality rates. Despite 34 countries introducing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which reduces the risk of pneumococcal carriage (a prerequisite for disease) of some of the most pathogenic pneumococcal serotypes, it remains uncertain whether they will achieve the sustained direct or indirect protection necessary to reduce pneumococcal carriage to levels sufficient to interrupt transmission and disease. We will therefore summarise the available data on the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in reducing vaccine serotype carriage and pneumococcal pneumonia in Africa between 2000 and 2019.Methods and analysisUsing a predetermined search strategy, we will conduct a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE database, the Excerpta Medica Database, the ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), Scopus and the African Index Medicus to identify published studies reporting the prevalence ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecarriage (vaccine type and non-vaccine type), incidence rates of pneumococcal pneumonia and mortality among children, adults and HIV-infected (all-ages) pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and post-PCV introduction (published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2019) in African countries that have introduced PCVs (PCV7/PCV10/PCV13) in their routine national immunisation programme. The studies retained and data extracted will be assessed for bias using prevalidated tools and checklists. Heterogeneity across studies will be assessed using the χ2test on Cochrane Q statistic. A random effect meta-analysis will be used to estimate the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage and incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia across studies with similar characteristics. Results will be reported in compliance with the Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The protocol has been prepared in accordance to the 2015 guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will not require ethical approval as we will be using already published data. The final manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130976.
Global Outcome Assessment Life-long after stroke in young adults initiative—the GOAL initiative: study protocol and rationale of a multicentre retrospective individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Ekker Merel S , Jacob Mina A , van Dongen Myrna ME , Aarnio Karoliina , Annamalai Arunkar K , Arauz Antonio , Arnold Marcel , Barboza Miguel A , Bolognese Manuel , Brouns Raf , Chuluun Batnairamdal , Chuluunbaatar Enkhzaya , Dagvajantsan Byambasuren , Debette Stephanie , Don Adi , Enzinger Chris , Ekizoglu Esme , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Fazekas Franz , Fromm Anette , Gattringer Thomas , Gulli Giosue , Hoffmann Michael , Hora Thiago F , Jern Christina , Jood Katarina , Kamouchi Masahiro , Kim Young Seo , Kitazono Takanari , Kittner Steven J , Kleinig Timothy J , Klijn Catharina JM , Korv Janika , Lee Tsong-Hai , Leys Didier , Maaijwee Noortje AM , Martinez-Majander Nicolas , Marto João Pedro , Mehndiratta Man M , Mifsud Victoria , Montanaro Vinicius V , Owolabi Mayowa O , Patel Vinod B , Phillips Matthew C , Piechowski-Jozwiak Bartlomiej , Pikula Aleksandra , Ruiz-Sandoval Jose Luis , Sarnowski Bettina , Schreuder Floris HBM , Swartz Rick H , Tan KS , Tanne David , Tatlisumak T , Thijs Vincent , Tuladhar Anil M , Viana-Baptista Miguel , Vibo Riina , Wu Teddy Y , Yesilot Nilüfer , Waje-Andreassen Ulrike , Pezzini Alessandro , Putaala Jukka , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionWorldwide, 2 million patients aged 18–50 years suffer a stroke each year, and this number is increasing. Knowledge about global distribution of risk factors and aetiologies, and information about prognosis and optimal secondary prevention in young stroke patients are limited. This limits evidence-based treatment and hampers the provision of appropriate information regarding the causes of stroke, risk factors and prognosis of young stroke patients.Methods and analysisThe Global Outcome Assessment Life-long after stroke in young adults (GOAL) initiative aims to perform a global individual patient data meta-analysis with existing data from young stroke cohorts worldwide. All patients aged 18–50 years with ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage will be included. Outcomes will be the distribution of stroke aetiology and (vascular) risk factors, functional outcome after stroke, risk of recurrent vascular events and death and finally the use of secondary prevention. Subgroup analyses will be made based on age, gender, aetiology, ethnicity and climate of residence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the GOAL study has already been obtained from the Medical Review Ethics Committee region Arnhem-Nijmegen. Additionally and when necessary, approval will also be obtained from national or local institutional review boards in the participating centres. When needed, a standardised data transfer agreement will be provided for participating centres. We plan dissemination of our results in peer-reviewed international scientific journals and through conference presentations. We expect that the results of this unique study will lead to better understanding of worldwide differences in risk factors, causes and outcome of young stroke patients.
Evaluating the role of paternal factors in aetiology and prognosis of recurrent pregnancy loss: study protocol for a hospital-based multicentre case–control study and cohort study (REMI III project)
Authors: du Fossé Nadia , van der Hoorn Marie-Louise , Eikmans Michael , Heidt Sebastiaan , le Cessie Saskia , Mulders Annemarie , van Lith Jan , Lashley Eileen 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the spontaneous demise of two or more pregnancies before the fetus reaches viability. Despite investigation of multiple known maternal risk factors, in more than 50% of couples, this condition remains unexplained. Studies focusing on paternal factors in RPL are scarce, and therefore, paternal evaluation in RPL is currently very limited. However, regarding single miscarriage, there are multiple publications suggesting a contributive role of paternal factors. In this project, we aim to identify paternal factors associated with RPL and to improve couple-specific prediction of future pregnancy outcomes by developing a prediction model containing both maternal and paternal factors.Methods and analysisIn a case–control design, the relation between unexplained RPL and paternal age, lifestyle factors, sperm DNA damage and immunomodulatory factors in peripheral blood and semen will be studied. Prospectively, 135 couples with naturally conceived unexplained RPL (cases) and 135 fertile couples without a history of pregnancy loss (controls) will be included, with collection of paternal blood and semen samples and documentation of clinical and lifestyle characteristics. In addition, 600 couples from both groups will be included retrospectively. To adjust for confounders, multivariate logistic regression will be used. The predictive value of paternal and maternal factors will be studied in the total RPL cohort consisting of approximately 735 couples. The primary outcome of the cohort study is live birth within 5 years after initial visit of the clinic. Secondary outcomes are ongoing pregnancy, time interval until next pregnancy and pregnancy complications.Ethics and disseminationThis project is approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Leiden University Medical Center. No risks or burden are expected from the study. The findings of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international conferences.Trial registration numberNL7762