bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Host Genetic Effects of Tuberculosis-Associated Variants Among Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhong Huimin , Magee Matthew J , Huang Yunfeng , Hui Qin , Gwinn Marta , Gandhi Neel R , Sun Yan V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Understanding the link between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes is increasingly important as public health responds to the growing global burden of noncommunicable diseases. Genetic association studies have identified numerous host genetic variants linked to TB; however, potential host genetic mechanisms linking TB and diabetes remain unexplored.

Methods
We used genetic and phenotypic data from the UK Biobank to evaluate the association of 6 previously reported TB-related host genetic variants (genome-wide significant associations from published studies) with diabetes. The study included 409 692 adults of European ancestry including 2177 with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 13 976 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), defined by ICD-10 diagnosis codes.

Results
Of the 6 TB-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 2 were associated with T1DM and 3 with T2DM, after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and population structure. After correction for multiple testing, SNPs rs2894257 and rs3135359 (HLA-DRA-DQA1) were associated with T1DM (rs2894257: odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.45; rs3135359: OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.57–1.88) and T2DM (rs2894257: OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.08–1.15; rs3135359: OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.025–1.096). The associations with T2DM weakened for rs2894257 and rs3135359 after further exclusion of probable T1DM cases defined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) codes. SNP rs4733781 on chromosome 8 (ASAP1 gene) was associated with T2DM after exclusion of T1DM cases.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that common host genetic effects may play a role in the molecular mechanism linking TB and diabetes. Future large genetic studies of TB and diabetes should focus on developing countries with high burdens of infectious and chronic diseases.
Poor Outcomes of Acute Hepatitis E in Patients With Cirrhotic Liver Diseases Regardless of Etiology
Authors: Wang Yijin , Liu Hongyang , Jiang Yiyun , Pan Qiuwei , Zhao Jingmin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) have been documented to exacerbate clinical outcomes of acute hepatitis E (AHE). This study aimed to uncover the role of etiology and status of CLD in the adverse outcomes of AHE. We found that superinfection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) in patients with cirrhotic CLD can cause a worsen outcome, leading to exacerbation of AHE, compared with HEV-infected patients without CLD or with noncirrhotic CLD. Additional analysis revealed that the etiology of CLD is not associated with outcomes of AHE patients. These finding suggests that the overall liver status plays a predominant role in determining the outcomes of AHE.
Measuring Ex Ante Welfare in Insurance Markets
Authors: Hendren Nathaniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The willingness to pay for insurance captures the value of insurance against only the risk that remains when choices are observed. This article develops tools to measure the ex ante expected utility impact of insurance subsidies and mandates when choices are observed after some insurable information is revealed. The approach retains the transparency of using reduced-form willingness to pay and cost curves, but it adds one additional sufficient statistic: the percentage difference in marginal utilities between insured and uninsured. I provide an approach to estimate this additional statistic that uses only the reduced-form willingness to pay curve, combined with a measure of risk aversion. I compare the approach to structural approaches that require fully specifying the choice environment and information sets of individuals. I apply the approach using existing willingness to pay and cost curve estimates from the low-income health insurance exchange in Massachusetts. Ex ante optimal insurance prices are roughly 30% lower than prices that maximize observed market surplus. While mandates reduce market surplus, the results suggest they would actually increase ex ante expected utility.
Sleep–wake behaviors exhibited by shift workers in normal operations and predicted by a biomathematical model of fatigue
Authors: Riedy Samantha M , Roach Gregory D , Dawson Drew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
To compare rail workers’ actual sleep–wake behaviors in normal operations to those predicted by a biomathematical model of fatigue (BMMF). To determine whether there are group-level residual sources of error in sleep predictions that could be modeled to improve group-level sleep predictions.

Methods
The sleep–wake behaviors of 354 rail workers were examined during 1,722 breaks that were 8–24 h in duration. Sleep–wake patterns were continuously monitored using wrist-actigraphy and predicted from the work–rest schedule using a BMMF. Rail workers’ actual and predicted sleep–wake behaviors were defined as split-sleep (i.e. ≥2 sleep periods in a break) and consolidated-sleep (i.e. one sleep period in a break) behaviors. Sleepiness was predicted from the actual and predicted sleep–wake data.

Results
Consolidated-sleep behaviors were observed during 1,441 breaks and correctly predicted during 1,359 breaks. Split-sleep behaviors were observed during 280 breaks and correctly predicted during 182 breaks. Predicting the wrong type of sleep–wake behavior resulted in a misestimation of hours of sleep during a break. Relative to sleepiness predictions derived from actual sleep–wake data, predicting the wrong type of sleep–wake behavior resulted in a misestimation of sleepiness predictions during the subsequent shift.

Conclusions
All workers with the same work–rest schedule have the same predicted sleep–wake behaviors; however, these workers do not all exhibit the same sleep–wake behaviors in real-world operations. Future models could account for this group-level residual variance with a new approach to modeling sleep, whereby sub-group(s) may be predicted to exhibit one of a number of sleep–wake behaviors.
Persistent hypoglycemia
Authors: Rabener Michael J. , Howell Christopher M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Glycogen storage disease is a rare congenital disorder that can lead to hypoglycemic events. This article focuses on a patient in acute distress secondary to hypoglycemia that failed to respond to initial interventions. Because symptoms can be similar to severe hyperglycemia, a thorough history and physical examination are key to prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.
Rotationplasty Rehabilitation Protocol: A Complex Case Report
Authors: Compston Amy M. , Zak Jacqueline , Alexander John H. , West Julie M. , Scharschmidt Thomas J. , Valerio Ian L. , Mayerson Joel L. 
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose:
Rotationplasty is a rare, complex limb salvage surgery that creates opportunity for physical therapists to develop a unique rehabilitation plan focusing on functional mobility and independence. To date, there is no comprehensive rehabilitation-specific protocol documented in the literature for individuals who have undergone rotationplasty. This case report describes the first novel comprehensive rehabilitation protocol, interventional strategies, and optimal functional outcome of a patient who underwent rotationplasty.

Case Description:
The patient was a 20-year-old man with a history of high-grade osteosarcoma of left distal femur who underwent numerous limb-sparing procedures resulting in pain and debility necessitating rotationplasty. Rehabilitation protocol and focused physical therapy interventions were implemented pre- and postsurgery based on functional limitations.

Outcomes:
The Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) assessment, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, range of motion, and strength testing of the affected lower extremity all demonstrated significant improvement from prerotationplasty to postsurgery to 1-year follow-up. A 41.8% improvement in TESS outcome was found from postsurgery to 1-year follow-up. MSTS assessment showed a 60% improvement from presurgery to 1-year follow-up. TUG score improved by 0.7 seconds with no assistive device by final discharge. The patient met all therapy goals and reported no functional limitations at discharge.

Discussion:
Implementation of a rehabilitation protocol for this unique population guides clinicians' decision making while developing congruency between providers. This protocol paired with targeted interventions promotes successful patient outcome and aids as a framework for clinicians to be used in treating this complex patient population.
Exercise Interventions for Survivors of Cancer Living in Rural or Remote Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Smith-Turchyn Jenna , Gravesande Janelle , Sabiston Catherine M. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Survivors of cancer who are considered “hard to reach” have less engagement in survivorship programming and lower overall health status, well-being, quality of life, and survival. These include individuals who live in rural areas. There is a need to determine the availability, characteristics, feasibility, and effectiveness of exercise programs for individuals with cancer living in rural settings.

Purpose:
To conduct a scoping review describing the current literature on available exercise programming for survivors of cancer who live in rural or remote settings.

Methods:

Data Sources: Six databases were searched for studies. Study Selection: 105 abstracts were identified through literature searches; 84 studies remained for title and abstract screening after duplicates were removed. Thirty-three articles were included in full-text review. Data Extraction: Data related to participant characteristics, intervention characteristics, study design, and outcomes were extracted from full texts. Data Synthesis: Descriptive quantitative summaries are provided for result variables, and a narrative analysis was performed.

Discussion and Limitations:
Thirteen articles were selected for data extraction. The majority of interventions were phone-based walking programs for survivors of breast cancer. The interventions described were held in only 2 countries. The most common outcomes assessed were physical activity level, quality of life, and anxiety/depression.

Conclusion:
This scoping review highlighted the lack of accessible exercise programs for this subset of hard-to-reach survivors of cancer. This review found that there are few exercise programs accessible for survivors living in rural and remote areas, suggesting one reason for low engagement in physical activity and highlighting the need to devise novel means to implement exercise interventions for this population.
Can EOS Imaging Substitute for Conventional Radiography in Measurement of Acetabular Morphology in the Young Dysplastic Hip?
Authors: Powell Jenna , Gibly Romie F. , Faulk Leonard W. , Carry Patrick , Mayer Stephanie W. , Selberg Courtney M. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
EOS imaging offers a low-radiation alternative to conventional radiography (CR) and has little to no magnification effects. However, it is unclear how radiographic measures may be affected using EOS. The present study aims to determine the reproducibility of measures of acetabular morphology on EOS images as compared with CR, and to directly compare the 2 imaging modalities.

Methods:
A total of 21 consecutive patients (66.7% female; 14.4±4.7 y) indicated for an open hip preservation procedure with both an anterior-posterior pelvis radiograph and EOS image performed preoperatively were included. Three orthopaedic surgeons measured Tönnis angle, lateral center edge angle (LCEA), acetabular depth-width ratio (ADR), and extrusion index (EI). Measurements were performed twice, 2 weeks apart. Reliability between observers and time points was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients, and agreement between time points and modalities was measured using Bland-Altman analysis.

Results:
On EOS images, inter-rater reliability was 0.86 for Tönnis angle, 0.86 for LCEA, 0.74 for ADR, and 0.93 for EI. On CR, inter-rater reliability was 0.86 for Tönnis anlge, 0.90 for LCEA, 0.82 for ADR, and 0.84 for EI. In the agreement analysis, biases between imaging modalities were observed. On average, raters measured Tönnis angle and EI higher on EOS images than CR (2.22 degrees, 1.09%, respectively); and LCEA and ADR lower on EOS images than CR (1.54 degrees, 1.14% respectively). Limits of agreement (LOA) between modalities were similar to that of LOA observed in intra-rater analysis.

Conclusions:
Measures of acetabular morphology performed on EOS images have similarly high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability compared with CR. Measures performed on EOS also have similar intra-rater agreement as compared with CR. Intermodality agreement had similar LOA as intra-rater agreement on either individual imaging modality. Small biases between imaging modalities were detected.

Levels of Evidence:
Level I—diagnostic study: investigating a diagnostic test.
Sex differences of the association between marital status and coronary artery disease in patients experiencing chest pain: The Korean Women's Chest Pain Registry
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jin , Kim Myung-A , Kim Hack-Lyoung , Park Seong Mi , Kim Mina , Yoon Hyun Ju , Shin Mi Seung , Park Sang Min , Hong Kyung-Soon , Shim Wan-Joo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Marriage is an important social practice that predicts various health outcomes, including those of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the sex-specific association between marital status and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients experiencing chest pain.

Methods:
Study data were obtained from a nationwide registry of patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary angiography. We dichotomized all participants according to marital status as follows: without a spouse (single, divorced, or widowed), and with a spouse. Significant CAD was defined as greater than 50% narrowing of the lumen diameter in any of the coronary arteries.

Results:
The presence of significant CAD was significantly higher in female participants without a spouse than in female participants with a spouse. However, there was no significant difference in the presence of CAD in men between the two groups. Interestingly, there was also no significant difference in the presence of CAD between women without a spouse and men without a spouse. After adjustment for all possible confounding factors, women without a spouse had a 1.62-fold increased hazard for significant CAD in multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusions:
In contrast to men, a without spouse status is independently associated with significant CAD in women experiencing chest pain. Women with a spouse had the lowest presence of CAD among all groups. In the management of female patients experiencing chest pain, clinicians should consider their social characteristics, including marital status, to predict subsequent cardiovascular disease and determine the appropriate treatment.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A567.
Genetic predictors to acupuncture response for hot flashes: an exploratory study of breast cancer survivors
Authors: Romero Sally A.D. , Li Qing Susan , Orlow Irene , Gonen Mithat , Su Hui-Chun Irene , Mao Jun J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Because hot flashes are a common symptom experienced by women with breast cancer, we sought to explore genetic predictors associated with response to acupuncture for the treatment of hot flashes.

Methods:
Using data from our completed randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01005108) on hot flashes among breast cancer survivors who provided biomarker collection (N = 108), we extracted and assayed DNA for single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in neurotransmission, thermoregulation, and inflammation (ADORA1, COMT, TCL1A, and TRPV1). For our primary outcome we classified individuals with a 50% or more reduction in their hot flash composite score at the end of treatment as responders. We used Fisher exact test to identify individual and combined single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with treatment response.

Results:
Among women (N = 57) who received acupuncture treatment (electro or sham), we found that women who were carriers of at least one of these six genotypes (ADORA1 rs41264025-GA or rs16851029-GG or rs12744240-GT, COMT rs6269-GA, TCL1A rs2369049-GG, and TRPV1 rs8065080-TT) were more likely to respond to acupuncture for hot flashes than noncarriers (70.3% vs 37.5%, P = 0.035). These six genotypes were not associated with response in women (N = 51) who received pharmacological hot flash treatment (gabapentin or placebo pill; 37.5% vs 37.5%, P = 1.0).

Conclusions:
In this exploratory, proof of concept study, we identified six genotypes that may predict response to acupuncture for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors. If confirmed by future studies, these findings may inform the development of personalized acupuncture for managing hot flashes.
Keloids: Which Types Can Be Excised without Risk of Recurrence? A New Clinical Classification
Authors: Lemperle Gottfried , Schierle Johannes , Kitoga Kakubindi Eric , Kassem-Trautmann Katja , Sachs Christoph , Dimmler Arno 
Published: March 2020

Background:
A surgical team from Interplast-Germany removed 387 keloids in 302 patients during 4 visits to Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, from 2015-2018. Preoperative and postoperative photographs and a thorough anamnesis of keloids were done for all patients. In addition, 18 selected biopsies from 4 types of keloids were histologically examined in Germany.

Methods:
Treatment options were tested and keloid recurrence rates were compared with data from questionnaires, photographs, and histology.

Results:
Keloids were classified accordingly as follows: (1) fresh nodular (continuously growing) keloids had a 30% recurrence rate after surgery: no common adjuvant therapy but triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) injections on onset, only; (a) earlobe keloids had the lowest recurrence rate after complete excision with negative resection margins; (2) superficial spreading (or butterfly) keloids were treated with TAC injections only; (3) mature (nongrowing or burned-out) keloids had also a low recurrence rate of 4.5%, which were then treated with TAC on onset, only; and (4) multiple keloids comprise various types in different stages.

Conclusions:
According to this classification, about 50% of keloids may be removed surgically without risk of recurrence in the examined patient population in Africa, where only TAC injections, but no radiation, are available. Adjuvant TAC or radiation should be started at the onset of recurrence and not generally.
“Mirror Face Lift”: Concept, Description, and Evaluation 1 Year Postoperatively
Authors: Divaris Marc , Sabri Ebaa , Ohana Sydney 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The mirror facelift
1,2
is a new concept of mid-face rejuvenation that we apply during the preoperative consultation to explain and show the patient the possible results that can be achieved postoperatively and have this result stay stable over time and in different positions. It is characterized by (1) the use of a mirror during the preoperation visit and the taking of pictures from different angles, allowing for a precise analysis of the redistribution of the facial soft tissues on each hemi-skeleton; (2) the Divaris et al
2
locked cheek lift technique (Locked Cheek-Lift), which is done with 2 vectors that achieve a tri-dimensional redistribution of the soft tissues; and (3) postoperative photographs which are very useful in precisely evaluating the results and comparing them with the preoperative pictures.

Methods:
Two hundred and sixty patients (216 women and 44 men), average age 53 (34 to 73 years old), were operated on between 2010 and 2016, applying the concept of mirror lift in the consultation to show the patients the expected possible results after the surgery. The patients see for themselves the deterioration of the facial condition (looking older) with the anti-mirror position as well as the younger appearance of the face following the mirror position. Surgically, the locked cheek lift technique was performed by the same surgeons. The follow-up 1 year later was done by the same team. The fat compartment positions were evaluated during this period.

Results:
The fat compartments’ stability was evaluated 3 months and a year postoperatively to assess the stability of the result over time. The mean value is 4.62 out of 5 in anti-mirror position before surgery and 1 year postoperatively. The mean value is 4.34 out of 5 after 1 year measured in both standing and lying positions. Postoperative edema and ecchymosis were limited.

Conclusions:
The concept of the Mirror Facelift is to precisely reposition the soft tissues of the face on the bone structure by correcting the fat compartments that have migrated over years. It harmoniously redistributes the soft tissues without any palpebral cutaneous incision, thus allowing for a short recovery period free of any risk of palpebral complications.
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Predicting a Successful Career for Plastic Surgeons: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thacoor Amitabh , Smith Oliver , Nikkhah Dariush 
Published: March 2020

Summary:
The definition of a successful career in plastic surgery is both a highly variable and personal one. Career success is underpinned by a combination of skills and is often multifactorial in nature. Although clinical and academic factors have long been key determinants of success, modern medical practice is now underlining the previously understated non-clinical skills as a major contributory element. Emotional intelligence (EI) has shown clear benefits in a successful career in the business world, where it was originally popularized. As a successful career in surgery also requires proficient understanding of human emotions, the clear similarities drawn with corporate success have resulted in a growing interest in EI in the medical domain. Despite such interest, the role of EI as a predictor of career success in plastic surgery has been poorly defined. This systematic review aims to define EI, to explore its role in medical and nonmedical fields, and to investigate its impact on a successful career in plastic surgery.