bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of awareness and knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among first year MBBS students in a Medical College in Maharashtra India
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Khade Bipinchandra , Yadav Anurag 
Published: June 2020

AIDS is a complex of illnesses caused by HIV. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. According to recent reports by NACO, as many as 21.40 lac people are living with HIV (PLHIV) in India. Prevention of new HIV infections continues to be the mainstay of India’s national AIDS response. The lack of awareness and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS in the general population is mostly responsible for rapid spread of the disease and also with the social stigma attached with PLHIV in our country. Hence the present study was conducted to assess awareness regarding HIV/AIDS in newly admitted (First Year) medical students. This was a cross-sectional study done on 122 First Year MBBS students of Shri Bhausaheb Hire Govt. Medical College, Maharashtra. Data was collected by pretested questionnaires and analyzed using percentage. All students (100%) mentioned unsafe sex and infected blood transfusion as a risk behavior. Most of the respondents believed HIV infection can be transmitted from: HIV infected pregnant woman to her baby (93%), breast feeding (62%), contaminated syringes, needles and razors (98%), tattooing (64%) and IV drug abuse (66%). Students were aware that it does not spread through wearing clothes of HIV-infected persons (92%), mosquito bite (77%), hugging and shaking hands with an infected person (97%), sharing common toilets (81%), sharing common utensils like plates, cups and spoons (84%), saliva (81%), contact with urine (48%) and feces (51%), coughing and sneezing (75%) and sharing a meal (93%). Awareness regarding prevention of HIV/AIDS was also found to be high with percentage of students responding for oral contraceptive pills (84%), IUCD (61%), condoms(98%), health education(99%), avoiding untested blood transfusion(100% boys and 95% girls), use of disposable syringe (85%), avoiding breastfeeding (44%) and use of latex gloves (41%). 82% of respondents are willing to assist with the delivery of a baby born to a mother with HIV/AIDS. All students believed that a separate educational programme for awareness and sensitization towards HIV/AIDS for people engaged in healthcare is needed. The present study shows that the medical students have somewhat better awareness and knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS than the general population. Still, there is a need for specific educational modules for imparting positive attitudes in medical students and healthcare providers in relation to people living with HIV/AIDS.
The Use of Concrete Media in Science Learning in Inquiry to Improve Science Process Skills for Simple Machine subject
Authors: Kejora Muhamad Taufik Bintang 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the improvement of science process skills with the media using concrete in science learning by inquiry. The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. In the experimental group applied to learn to utilize concrete media in learning science in an inquiry, while the control class applied to conventional learning utilizing audio-visual media. Subject: The study included 60 students of class V Elementary School performances in Purwakarta district. The test results for the normalization gain skills enhancement process gain values obtained experimental class (N-gain 0.46) is greater than the value of the class gain control (N-gain 0.17). Based on the test results mean difference two improvements by using the t-test, obtained t = 2.688 table = 2.045, with sig. 0.012 α 0.05 then H0 is rejected and Ha. Therefore, inquiry science learning by utilizing concrete media can significantly improve students' science process skills.
Czynniki środowiskowe zwiększające ryzyko aktywacji i rozwoju chorób zapalnych jelit
Authors: Mrowicki Jerzy , Mrowicka Małgorzata , Majsterek Ireneusz 
Published: June 2020

Nieswoiste zapalne choroby jelit (NChZJ) są szczególnie kłopotliwymi schorzeniami wpływającymi na ludzki przewód pokarmowy, a w szczególności jelito. Choroby te przejawiają się w przewlekłym niekontrolowanym zapaleniem jelit, trudnym do opanowania, przebiegającym z okresami występujących samoistnie zaostrzeń i złagodzenia objawów. W zależności od różnorodności występujących objawów oraz ich umiejscowienia w przewodzie pokarmowym człowieka schorzenia te mogą występować w różnych postaciach. Wśród dwóch najczęściej występujących można wyróżnić wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego (WZJG) i chorobę Leśniowskiego - Crohna (ChLC). Chociaż podstawowa przyczyna aktywacji, a także późniejszego rozwoju nie jest jasno zdefiniowana, wiadomo że zaburzenia te mają podłoże autoimmunologiczne. Patogeneza NChZJ jest związana z przewlekłym idiopatycznym, nawracającym stanem zapalnym przewodu pokarmowego. Narażenie na wiele czynników ryzyka środowiskowego w życiu, które częściowo omówiono poniżej szczególnie u osób predysponowanych genetycznie do rozwoju tych schorzeń, może prowadzić do aktywacji przewlekłego procesu zapalnego w jelitach.
Clinical Adverse Events in Elderly Hospitalized Patients in a Medical Ward-a prospective study
Authors: Vieira Alves Rita , Fernandes Marilia , Figueiredo Inês , Drummond Borges Diogo , Antunes Margarida 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Studies to date describe between 3% to 50% of patients experiencing one or more clinical adverse event (CAE) during their hospital admission and many preventable. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the frequency of medical CAEs in a medical ward. Also the study aimed to compare data between patient age groups and determine the effect on length of hospital stay and mortality.
Methods: This experimental study was a randomized, controlled clinical trial that was conducted in 2018. Two elderly day care centers in Yazd city ,in central Iran were selected and randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Then, according to the inclusion criteria, eligible people were selected from the centers and enrolled in the study. Participants were 58 elderly women who were assigned to control (n: 29) and intervention (n: 29) groups. Yoga exercises were held for 2 months (three 1-h sessions a week) for intervention group. The Wechsler Memory Scale was completed for both groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: 62 episodes were studied, 14.8% of those admitted to hospital experienced a CAE. The most frequent adverse events included analytical alterations, anemia and blood loss, infection and altered state of consciousness. The most commonly implicated therapies were anticoagulants (23%) which lead to episodes of bleeding, anti-hypertensive and diuretics (17%) immunosuppressive therapy (16%) beta blockers (1%) & insulin (1%). Mean length of stay in hospital was 17 days in all groups, longer than the average length of stay of this medical ward which is 11 days. Mortality rate within one year of hospitalization was 30% in total, again significantly higher than the 10% mortality rate calculated for the same period on the ward.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that CAEs are still far too common, probably underestimated, cause serious harm to patients and strains healthcare services further.
Relationship between Demographic Characteristics, Depression and Insomnia with Restless Legs Syndrome: a Study of Adults Aged 17-70 Years in Yazd 2019
Authors: Sorbi Mohammad Hossein , Issazadegan Ali , Soleimani Esmaiel , Mirhosseini Hamid 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological-motor disorder in which most patients tend to shake their legs during sleep and describe it as an unpleasant feeling. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of RLS, its relationship with demographic characteristics, depression, and insomnia and comparison of the mentioned variables in the group with and without RLS.
Methods: This was a case-control analytic study. The sample consisted of 429 adults aged 17-70 years who had referred all the psychiatric and neurological clinics of Yazd (center of Iran) in 2019. Participants were selected by cluster sampling method. Research tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and an International Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (IRLSQ). The data were analyzed by SPSS-21, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and linear regression. Significant level was considered 0.05.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of participants was 34.43± 10.82. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of the age group with RLS was 36.07± 10.95 while in group without RLS was 33.92± 10.75. Prevalence of RLS in adults was 23.5% (n= 101), in women was 32% (n= 66) and in men was 28.7% (n= 35). The t-test showed patients with RLS had a higher degree of depression and insomnia than those without RLS (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression also showed that insomnia (β= 0.36), age (β= 0.13), and depression (β= 0.15) had a significant effect on RLS score.
Conclusion: The prevalence of RLS among adults in Yazd is high. Severe insomnia, depressed mood, and aging are considered as important factors in predicting this disease. According to what was mentioned early detection, prevention, and treatment of this disorder in adults is necessary.
Editorial. Políticas de memoria, memorias de resistencia. La historia en la era de la posverdad
Authors: Alvaro Dueñas Manuel , Eiroa San Francisco Matilde 
Published: June 2020

Una casualidad fatal, que no podemos ignorar, ha hecho coincidir el número que presentamos de la revista Historia y Memoria con la expansión de una pandemia provocada por un virus, el Covid-19, que amenaza con golpear hasta el último rincón del planeta. Como sabemos, no es la primera vez que la humanidad se enfrenta a mortíferas pandemias globales. Las enfermedades transportadas por comerciantes, guerreros, soldados, conquistadores, migrantes de todo tipo han contribuido a forjar reinos, naciones, imperios y colonias. Robert B. Marks, vincula los orígenes del mundo moderno a las causas y consecuencias de la Peste Negra de mediados del siglo XIV, a la que considera «una de las mayores catástrofes sufridas por la Humanidad en Europa occidental y Asia oriental»[1]. Sería imposible explicar la expansión europea y la conformación de una economía mundo hegemonizada por el «Viejo Continente» sin comprender lo que el autor denomina el Antiguo Régimen Biológico. Las consecuencias de la Peste Negra también fueron devastadoras para los pobladores de lo que para el imaginario colectivo de los europeos era un «nuevo continente»...

[1] Robert B. Marks, Los orígenes del mundo moderno (Barcelona: Crítica, 2007), 38
La memoria carcelaria en Sendero Luminoso y en el Movimiento de Liberación Nacional Tupamaro (1982-2017)
Authors: Encarnación Pinedo Miriam 
Published: June 2020

El siguiente estudio se inscribe dentro de los trabajos de historia de la memoria. Busca analizar cómo la memoria carcelaria de dos organizaciones subversivas de la izquierda latinoamericana gestaron todo un corpus discursivo en función de la propaganda política. La pieza angular del constructo es «el héroe militante», el cual se analizará a partir de la reconstrucción narrativa de la memoria carcelaria de ambas organizaciones. En concreto, la investigación tratará de responder a las siguientes interrogantes: ¿con qué fin ambas organizaciones se esfuerzan por recomponer una memoria del encierro?, ¿no sería este un esfuerzo contradictorio teniendo en cuenta, para el caso de MLN-T, su conquista política, y para SL, su plan de arribo a la política?
A través del estudio comparado se tratará de demostrar que esta construcción pretende presentar una imagen suprahumana de los presos de ambos grupos guerrilleros, y, en segundo lugar, inhumana de aquellos que tuvieron que enfrentarlos. Todo ello con la finalidad de denunciar la reacción del Estado a través de la palabra que les fuera negada cuarenta años atrás, y construir, por lo tanto, una memoria que les permita contar otra versión que propicie una mayor aceptación social, y facilite su participación política.
Memoria pública y digital sobre dos cárceles femeninas del franquismo
Authors: Hernández Holgado Fernando 
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un balance esencialmente descriptivo de dos proyectos digitales dedicados a la memoria e historia de las presas del franquismo en España, los únicos existentes referidos a cárceles femeninas concretas: la prisión barcelonesa de Les Corts (1939-1955) y la cárcel de mujeres de Ventas en Madrid (1933-1969). En ambos casos los estudios históricos han ido de la mano de la memoria, a través de entrevistas y testimonios de las propias presas y sus familiares, presentes en los respectivos proyectos digitales en forma de cortes sonoros y elementos audiovisuales. Y también, en ambos casos la participación social a través de asociaciones memorialistas, colectivos vecinales y familiares de presas ha jugado un papel decisivo en una lenta labor de zapa social contra el olvido.
VIDEO SIMULASI PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO SIMULASI KONSELING TEKNIK DISPUTE COGNITIVE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN RESILIENSI
Authors: Tarigan Reni Oktora 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan video simulasi teknik dispute cognitive untuk meningkatkan resiliensi. Metode penilitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R & D) yang dikembangkan oleh Bergman dan Moore. Pengembangan video simulasi menggunakan metode Interactive Video (IVD) yang terdiri dari enam tahap, yakni (1) analisis, (2) desain, (3) pengembangan, (4) produksi, (5) pengarangan, (6) validasi. Desain ini dikembangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis kebutuhan mengenai perlunya video yang menggunakan teknik dispute cognitive. Video simulasi konseling yang berisikan simulasi proses konseling mulai dari contoh kasus, tahapan dalam konseling, hingga kesimpulan. Video ini telah diuji oleh ahli materi dan media. Hasilnya, menurut ahli materi video ini mendapatkan predikat Layak dengan skor 68%. Sementara ahli media menyatakan sangat layak dengan memberikan skor 86%. Selanjutnya dilakukan validasi oleh pengguna, Mereka memberikan skor 77,6% atau layak. Kesimpulannya adalah pengembangan video simulasi dengan teknik dispute cognitive layak dan dapat digunakan oleh guru bimbingan konseling dan diharapkan dapat membantu peserta didik untuk meningkatkan resiliensi.
Pengembangan Video Knowledge Capture Mata Kuliah Difusi Inovasi Pendidikan di Prodi Teknologi Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Nursetyo Kunto Imbar , Kustandi Cecep 
Published: June 2020

This research aims to produce video of knowledge capture for Educational Innovation Diffusion courses in Educational Technology, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The development of this video is expected can be learning resources for student of Educational Technology. Development of Knowledge Capture Video uses the Model Video Nonlinear by Pustekkom, this model has 3 major stages and sub stages at each stages. This research involves three trials protester, consist of expert review, one to one, and small group. The development of knowledge capture video involves two expert review (review expert matter and media expert). Formative evaluation conducted by researchers refer to a survey web bali state university of Jakarta and uses a likert scale (1-4). Average result from expert review 3,85, One on one 3,28, and small group 3,42. Based on the result of these data, reseacrcher conclude that video knowledge capture worth to use as a source of learning.
Evaluasi kinerja guru pembimbing pada program Prakerin keahlian Teknik Kendaraan Ringan di SMK Taman Harapan Bekasi
Authors: Nurul Hidayanti  , Erry Utomo, M, Ed, Ph.D  , Kunto Imbar Nursetyo, M. Pd  
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja guru pembimbing pada program Prakerin keahlian Teknik Kendaraan Ringan (TKR) di SMK Taman Harapan Bekasi pada tiap tahap yang yang mengacu pada pedoman dasar PKL dari Kementerian Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan antara lain: (1) merencanakan pelaksanaan prakerin; (2) mengadakan koordinasi pelaksanaan prakerin; (3) memantau dan merespon peserta didik selama pelaksanaan prakerin; (4) melayani konsultasi permasalahan di perusahaan selama prakerin; dan (5) melayani konsultasi peserta didik dalam pembuatan laporan. Model evaluasi yang digunakan adalah 360 Degree Perfomance Appraisal Models. Metode evaluasi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan teknik survei. Model evaluasi kinerja ini melibatkan beberapa pihak untuk menilai guru pembimbing, diantaranya: atasan (Kepala Sekolah), bawahan (Siswa), rekan kerja (Kepala Hubin), guru pembimbing itu sendiri dan pelanggan (pamong). Pengumpulan data penelitian ini melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahap perencanaan pada indikator merencanakan pelaksanaan prakerin mendapat respon negatif (33,3%), mengadakan koordinasi pelaksanaan prakerin mendapat respon positif (66,7%). Pada tahap pelaksanaan pada indikator memantau dan merespon peserta didik mendapat respon positif (66,7%), melayani konsultasi permasalahan di perusahaan selama prakerin mendapat respon negatif (33,3) dan tahap pasca pelaksanaan pada indikator melayani konsultasi peserta didik dalam pembuatan laporan mendapat respon positif (83,3%)

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi Kinerja, 360 derajat, Guru Pembimbing Prakerin
Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty
Authors: Shah Kalpit N. , Ruddell Jack H. , Scott Brandon , Reid Daniel B.C. , Sobel Andrew D. , Katarincic Julia A. , Akelman Edward 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has adopted the strategic goal of evolving its culture and governance to become more strategic, innovative, and diverse. Given the charge to increase diversity, a focus on assessing and increasing diversity at the faculty level may help this cause. However, an analysis of gender and racial diversity among orthopaedic faculty has not been performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate faculty appointments for underrepresented minority (URM) and female orthopaedic surgeons. We also aim to draw comparisons between orthopaedic surgery and other specialties.

Methods:
Data on gender, race, and faculty rank (clinical instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and professor) of academic faculty for 18 specialties from 1997 to 2017 were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Faculty Roster. Assistant professors were designated as junior faculty, whereas associate professor and professor were considered senior faculty. URMs were defined using the AAMC definition—groups having lower representation than in the general population. Regression analysis was used to evaluate and compare the change over time and to compare the change across different specialties.

Results:
Over the 20-year study period, the number of female faculty increased (8.8% pts) but represents a lower proportion than other specialties (13.9% pts) (p = 0.029). Female orthopaedic senior faculty grew slower (7.3% pts) than other specialties (14.7% pts) (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the growth of URM faculty positions (2.0% pts) compared with all other specialties (2.4% pts) (p = 0.165). The proportion of orthopaedic URM senior faculty increased less (0.5% pts) than other specialties (2.5% pts) (p < 0.001), whereas more orthopaedic URM junior faculty were added than other specialties (2.2% pts) (p = 0.012).

Conclusions:
Although orthopaedic surgery has increased the representation of female and URM faculty members, it continues to lag behind other specialties. In addition, fewer female and URM orthopaedic faculty members obtained senior faculty status than other specialties. To address the differences seen in faculty diversity, a concerted effort should be made to recruit and promote more diverse faculty, given similar qualifications and capabilities.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV.
Calcic Vertisols in the upper Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone, Balfour Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa: Implications for Late Permian Climate
Authors: Gastaldo Robert A. , Kus Kaci , Tabor Neil , Neveling Johann 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The fully continental succession of the Beaufort Group, Karoo Basin, South Africa, has been used in the development of environmental models proposed for the interval that spans the contact between the Daptocephalus to Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zones, associated by some workers with the end-Permian extinction event. An aridification trend is widely accepted, yet geochemical data indicate that the majority of in situ paleosols encountered in this interval developed in waterlogged environments. To date, the presence of calcic paleosols in the latest Permian can be inferred only from the presence of calcite-cemented pedogenic nodules concentrated in fluvial channel-lag deposits. Here, we report on the first empirical evidence of in situ calcic Vertisols found in the upper Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone near Old Wapadsberg Pass, one of eight classic localities in which the vertebrate turnover is reported in the Karoo Basin. Seven discrete intervals of calcic Vertisols, exposed over a very limited lateral extent, occur in an ∼ 25 m stratigraphic interval. Estimates of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation are calculated from geochemical measurements of one paleosol, and these estimates indicate that the prevailing climate at the time of pedogenesis was seasonally cold and humid. Correlation with adjacent stratigraphic sections indicates that the late Permian landscape experienced poorly drained and better-drained phases, interpreted to reflect a climate that varied between episodically dry and episodically wet. In contrast to a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of unidirectional aridification from strata in the Wapadsberg Pass region, this study provides new evidence for a wetting trend towards the Daptocephalus–Lystrosaurus Assemblage-Zone boundary.