bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediabetes and structural brain abnormalities: Evidence from observational studies
Authors: Zhou Jian‐Bo , Tang Xing‐Yao , Han Yi‐Peng , Luo Fu‐qiang , Cardoso Marly Augusto , Qi Lu 
Published: December 2019

SummaryType 2 diabetes mellitus has been linked to structural brain abnormalities, but evidence of the association among prediabetes and structural brain abnormalities has not been systematically evaluated. Comprehensive searching strategies and relevant studies were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Medline and web of science. Twelve articles were included overall. Stratified analyses and regression analyses were performed. A total of 104 468 individuals were included. The risk of infarct was associated with continuous glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05‐1.34)], or prediabetes [adjusted OR 1.13 (95% CI: 1.00‐1.27)]. The corresponding ORs associated with white matter hyperintensities were 1.08 (95%CI: 1.04‐1.13) for prediabetes, and 1.10 (95%CI: 1.08‐1.12) for HbA1c. The association was significant between the decreased risk of brain volume with continuous HbA1c (the combined OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87‐0.98). Grey matter volume and white matter volume were inversely associated with prediabetes [weighted mean deviation (WMD), −9.65 (95%CI: −15.25 to −4.04) vs WMD, −9.25 (95%CI: −15.03 to −3.47)]. There were no significant association among cerebral microbleeds, hippocampal volume, continuous total brain volume, and prediabetes. Our findings demonstrated that (a) both prediabetes and continuous HbA1c were significantly associated with increasing risk of infarct or white matter hyperintensities; (b) continuous HbA1c was associated with a decreased risk of brain volume; (c) prediabetes was inversely associated with grey matter volume and white matter volume. To confirm these findings, further studies on early diabetes onset and structural brain abnormalities are needed.
Adding more “spice” to the pot: A review of the chemistry and pharmacology of newly emerging heterocyclic synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists
Authors: Alam Ryan M. , Keating John J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) first appeared on the international recreational drug market in the early 2000s in the form of SCRA‐containing herbal blends. Due to the cannabimimetic effects associated with the consumption of SCRAs, they have acquired an ill‐informed reputation for being cheap, safe, and legal alternatives to illicit cannabis. Possessing high potency and affinity for the human cannabinoid receptor subtype‐1 (CB1) and ‐2 (CB2), it is now understood that the recreational use of SCRAs can have severe adverse health consequences. The major public health problem arising from SCRA use has pressed legislators around the world to employ various control strategies to curb their recreational use. To circumvent legislative control measures, SCRA manufacturers have created a wide range of SCRA analogs that contain, more recently, previously unencountered azaindole, γ‐carbolinone, or carbazole heterocyclic scaffolds. At present, little information is available regarding the chemical syntheses of these newly emerging classes of SCRA, from a clandestine perspective. When compared with previous generations of indole‐ and indazole‐type SCRAs, current research suggests that many of these heterocyclic SCRA analogs maintain high affinity and efficacy at both CB1 and CB2 but largely evade legislative control. This review highlights the importance of continued research in the field of SCRA chemistry and pharmacology, as recreational SCRA use remains a global public health issue and represents a serious control challenge for law enforcement agencies.
Dilated cardiomyopathy and aldosteronoma: a causal link?
Authors: Zhang Jiyu , Yang Jin , Li Yueliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to reveal the causal relationship between dilated cardiomyopathy and aldosteronoma. A 44‐year‐old male dilated cardiomyopathy patient with aldosteronoma, who demonstrated a worse cardiac function after 1 year therapy with optimized dosage of sacubirtil/valsartan, furosemide, metoprolol, and spironolactone. The patient shows a promising prognosis after aldosteronoma removal procedure. Aldosteronoma may cause dilated cardiomyopathy. We assume that the optimal treatment for aldosteronoma‐induced dilated cardiomyopathy is surgical removal combined with drugs.
The effect of the finite size of ions and Debye layer overspill on the screened Coulomb interactions between charged flat plates
Authors: Paul Arghyadeep , Mukherjee Siddhartha , Dhar Jayabrata , Ghosal Sandip , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScreened repulsion between uniformly charged plates with an intervening electrolyte is analyzed for strongly overlapped electrical double layers (EDL), accounting for the steric effect of ions and their expulsion from EDL edges into the surrounding solution. As a generalization of a study by Philipse et al. which does not account for these effects, an analytical expression is derived for the repulsion pressure in the limit of infinitely long plates with a zero‐field assumption, which agrees closely with the corresponding numerical solution at low inter‐plate separations. Our results show an augmented repulsive pressure for finite‐sized ions at strong EDL overlaps. For plates with a finite lateral size, we demonstrate a further extended domain of low inter‐plate gaps where the repulsion pressure increases with ion size due to a strong interplay between the steric interaction of ions and the EDL overspill phenomenon, considered earlier in a study by Ghosal & Sherwood limited to the linear Debye‐Hückel regime (which cannot account for the steric effect of ions). This investigation on a simple model should enhance our understanding of the interaction between charged particles in electrophoresis, nanoscale self‐assembly, active particles, and various other electrokinetic systems.
Rice‐derived peptide AAGALPS inhibits TNF‐α‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Tong Li‐Tao , Ju Zhiyuan , Liu Liya , Wang Lili , Zhou Xianrong , Xiao Tianzhen , Zhou Sumei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInjury of vascular endothelial cell is one of the main factors triggering atherosclerosis. Peptide AAGALPS was derived from digestion and absorption product of rice α‐globulin, which was proved to prevent atherosclerosis in previous study. This study aims to investigate the potential effects of AAGALPS on improving tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells’ (HUVECs) injury. As a result, the viability of HUVECs stimulated by tumor necrosis factor‐α was significantly increased by AAGALPS in a dose‐dependent manner until 25 μg/ml. The peptide obviously reduced the levels of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde and increased the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, AAGALPS inhibited the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) activation and nuclear translocation through regulating inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase α and inhibitor of NF‐κB. These results indicated that AAGALPS protected vascular endothelial cells through mediating inflammation and oxidative stress.
Spermidine and other functional phytochemicals in soybean seeds: Spatial distribution as visualized by mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Sagara Tatsuya , Bhandari Dhaka Ram , Spengler Bernhard , Vollmann Johann 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoybean seeds contain phytochemicals such as polyamines and isoflavones, which have been identified as functional components mediating health benefits in association with the consumption of soy foods. While a clear picture of the spatial distribution of these components within the seed is lacking, such information would be important to enhance or reduce their concentration in respective foods through processing. Thus, the objective of the present study was to visualize the most relevant components with respect to their distribution in soybean seeds. Mature soybean seeds were subject to atmospheric‐pressure scanning‐microprobe matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP‐SMALDI) combined with a Fourier‐transform orbital trapping mass spectrometer to generate high‐resolution chemical images of phytochemical distribution. Based on seed cross sections, differential distributions of functional components were found between soybean cotyledon and germ (shoot, hypocotyl, root) regions. Spermidine and spermine were present in higher concentrations in the germ rather than in cotyledons with highest concentrations in root and shoot meristem tissues. Differential concentrations of spermidine and other components between the germ and cotyledon regions were confirmed by seed fractioning. In contrast to polyamines spermidine and spermine, the different types of daidzein, glycitein, and genistein isoflavones were all visualized in root parenchyma tissue exclusively. Overall, mass spectrometry imaging of soybean seeds revealed clear insights into the differential distribution of functional phytochemicals. Based on their distribution and depending on specific needs, spermidine and isoflavones can either be enriched or reduced during food processing by separating cotyledon and germ fractions.
Role of the right temporoparietal junction in intergroup bias in trust decisions
Authors: Fujino Junya , Tei Shisei , Itahashi Takashi , Aoki Yuta Y. , Ohta Haruhisa , Kubota Manabu , Hashimoto Ryu‐ichiro , Takahashi Hidehiko , Kato Nobumasa , Nakamura Motoaki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntergroup bias, which is the tendency to behave more positively toward an in‐group member than toward an out‐group member, is pervasive in real life. In particular, intergroup bias in trust decisions substantially influences multiple areas of life and thus better understanding of this tendency can provide significant insights into human social behavior. Although previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies showed the involvement of the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) in intergroup trust bias, a causal relationship between the two has rarely been explored. By combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and a newly developed trust game task, we investigated the causal role of the right TPJ in intergroup bias in trust decisions. In the trust game task, the counterpart's group membership (in‐group or out‐group) and reciprocity were manipulated. We applied either neuronavigated inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) or sham stimulation over the right TPJ before performing the trust game task in healthy volunteers. After the sham stimulation, the participants' degrees of investments with in‐group members were significantly higher than those with out‐group members. However, after cTBS to the right TPJ, this difference was not observed. The current results extend previous findings by showing that the causal roles of the right TPJ can be observed in intergroup bias in trust decisions. Our findings add to our understanding of the mechanisms of human social behavior.
Understanding the effect of catchment characteristics on suspended sediment dynamics during flood events
Authors: Haddadchi Arman , Hicks Murray 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHysteresis in the relationship between suspended sediment concentration and flow during run‐off events is commonly used to inform on sediment sources and hydrological pathways. Less attention, however, has been paid to comparing the water and sediment hydrographs, which provide a more direct appreciation of in‐event sediment dynamics and their relationship with the upstream catchment characteristics. The aim of this study is to better understand the catchment and hydrological controls on the phasing of water and sediment discharges during events and, in particular, to explore what controls sediment concentrations late on event recessions. Continuous records of flow and turbidity data (calibrated to suspended sediment concentration) were collected from 17 catchments across New Zealand for this purpose. Relationships between event sediment yield and peak flow showed, as anticipated, higher event sediment loads were generated in pasture compared with forested catchments and were also higher from catchments in more erodible terrain. One novel result was that these differences were greater during smaller, more frequent events, whereas the loads from larger flood events tended to converge between pasture and forest catchments. Another novel result was that event sediment load tends to be evenly split between rising and falling stages of the hydrograph in pasture catchments, but forested catchments yield more of their event loads on flood recessions, probably because of delayed erosion or more sediment sources remote from the channel network. Land cover, distance of the sediment sources from the monitoring site, and size of the catchments control sediment concentrations late on event recession. Pasture‐dominated and more erodible catchments show longer sediment recessions and therefore stay dirtier for longer time periods. In addition, the size of previous flood events appeared to control the extent of sediment exhaustion after the flood peaks in some catchments.
Recharge seasonality based on stable isotopes: Nongrowing season bias altered by irrigation in Nebraska
Authors: Cherry Mikaela , Gilmore Troy , Mittelstet Aaron , Gastmans Didier , Santos Vinicius , Gates John B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe sustainability of groundwater resources for agricultural and domestic use is dependent on both the groundwater recharge rate and the groundwater quality. The main purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of the timing, or seasonality, of groundwater recharge through the use of stable isotopes. Based on 768 groundwater samples collected from aquifers underlying natural resources districts in Nebraska, the isotopic composition of groundwater (δ2H and δ18O) was compared with that of precipitation by (a) mapping the isotopic composition of groundwater samples and (b) mapping a seasonality index for groundwater. Results suggest that for the majority of the state, groundwater recharge has a nongrowing season signature (October–April). However, the isotopic composition of groundwater suggests that in some intensively irrigated areas, human intervention in the water cycle has shifted the recharge signature towards the growing season. In other areas, a different human intervention (diversion of Platte River water for irrigation) has likely produced an apparent but possibly misleading nongrowing season recharge signal because the Platte River water differs isotopically from local precipitation. These results highlight the need for local information even when interpreting isotopic data over larger regions. Understanding the seasonality of recharge can provide insight into the optimal times to apply fertilizer, specifically in highly conductive soils with high leaching potential. In areas with high groundwater nitrate concentrations, this information is valuable for protecting the groundwater from further degradation. Although previous studies have framed nongrowing season recharge within the context of future climate change, this study also illustrates the importance of understanding how historical human intervention in the water cycle has affected groundwater recharge seasonality and subsequent implications for groundwater recharge and quality.
Solitude in context: On the role of culture, immigration, and acculturation in the experience of time to oneself
Authors: Lay Jennifer C. , Fung Helene H. , Jiang Da , Lau Chun Hoi , Mahmood Atiya , Graf Peter , Hoppmann Christiane A. 
Published: December 2019

Older adults spend much time in solitude (without social interaction), putting them at risk of loneliness, especially if aging outside their country of origin (e.g., Chinese immigrants to Canada). Yet, cultural contextual factors that may reduce loneliness in moments of solitude are poorly understood. This study sought to disentangle the roles of culture, immigration, and acculturation in solitude‐loneliness associations across two countries. Community‐dwelling adults aged 51–85 in Vancouver (N = 58 East Asian, N = 37 European/North American) and in Hong Kong (N = 56 East/Southeast Asian) completed approximately 30 ecological momentary assessments over 10 days on their current affect and social situations. Participants in Vancouver spent more time in solitude, desired solitude more, and felt less lonely overall than those in Hong Kong. Multilevel models revealed that moments of solitude felt lonelier than moments spent in social interaction, but only for individuals less acculturated to their host culture or not concurrently desiring solitude. Associations held regardless of host culture, cultural heritage, or immigration status. Findings suggest that solitude need not feel lonely if it happens by choice and if individuals feel connected with their host culture, for both immigrant older adults and those aging in their birth country.
Recent progress in biomedical applications of RGD‐based ligand: From precise cancer theranostics to biomaterial engineering: A systematic review
Authors: Alipour Mohsen , Baneshi Marzieh , Hosseinkhani Saman , Mahmoudi Reza , Jabari Arabzadeh Ali , Akrami Mohammad , Mehrzad Jalil , Bardania Hassan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptide family is known as the most prominent ligand for extracellular domain of integrin receptors. Specific expression of these receptors in various tissue of human body and tight association of their expression profile with various pathophysiological conditions made these receptors a suitable targeting candidate for several disease diagnosis and treatment as well as regeneration of various organs. For these reasons, various forms of RGD‐based integrins ligands have been greatly used in biomedical studies. Here, we summarized the last decade application progress of RGD for cancer theranostics, control of inflammation, thrombosis inhibition and critically discussed the effect of RGD peptides structure and sequence on the efficacy of gene/drug delivery systems in preclinical studies. Furthermore, we will show recent advances in application of RGD functionalized biomaterials for various tissue regenerations including cornea repair, artificial neovascularization and bone tissue regeneration. Finally, we analyzed clinically translatability of RGD peptides, considering examples of integrin ligands in clinical trials. In conclusion, prospects on using RGD peptide for precise drug delivery and biomaterial engineering are well discussed.
Clinically Negligible Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Lanabecestat and Dabigatran Etexilate, a Prototypical P‐gp Substrate
Authors: Monk Scott A. , Kugler Alan R. , Andersen Scott W. , Ayan‐Oshodi Mosun A. , James Douglas E. , Mullen Jamie , Zimmer Jennifer A. , Willis Brian A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLanabecestat, a novel β‐site amyloid precursor protein–cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitor evaluated for Alzheimer treatment, inhibits P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) activity in vitro. After oral 50‐mg lanabecestat administration, gastric fluid lanabecestat concentrations exceed half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), suggesting P‐gp inhibition at the intestinal wall. Plasma drug concentrations following 50 mg lanabecestat administered once daily are <10% of IC50, suggesting minimal systemic P‐gp interaction. Dabigatran etexilate (DE) is the prodrug of dabigatran, a thrombin inhibitor and P‐gp substrate, making dabigatran exposure an intestinal P‐gp activity indicator. This study (NCT02568397) was conducted in 60 healthy subjects receiving a single dose of 150 mg DE alone or during a lanabecestat treatment regimen. On day 16, lanabecestat and DE were coadministered; on day 20, DE was dosed 4 hours after lanabecestat. Safety was assessed using clinical labs, electrocardiogram, vital signs, Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale scores, adverse events, and eye and skin examinations. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic samples were collected up to 36 hours postdose. Geometric mean plasma dabigatran area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0‐∞) and the maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) increased by 15% and 17%, respectively, when coadministered with lanabecestat. When DE was dosed 4 hours after lanabecestat, there was no effect on plasma dabigatran AUC0‐∞, Cmax, or thrombin time. DE had no effect on lanabecestat's AUC0‐∞ and Cmax at steady state (day 16) versus lanabecestat alone (day 15). No clinically relevant safety concerns were observed. Lanabecestat has no clinically meaningful effect on dabigatran exposure or on P‐gp activity at the intestinal wall.
Fenton and solar photo‐Fenton processes in the depuration of wastewater resulting from production of grape juice. A factorial design
Authors: Poblete Rodrigo , Cortes Ernesto , Maldonado Manuel I 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrapes used in the production of juice have high total phenolic content due to the undesirable fermentation process, consequence of the high content of sugar ant fatty acids in grapes, which produce a high amount of ethanol. Therefore, the amount of wastewater with a high concentration of organic matter is an environmental concern related to juice production. We evaluated the potential of the use of these Fenton and photo‐Fenton processes in the depuration of organic matter in the juice production wastewater and determined the factors that affect the treatment.RESULTSWe obtained different levels of organic matter removal, with a higher level for the experimental conditions, that is, a high concentration of H2O2 and Fe+2 and the use of UV irradiation (photo‐Fenton). In this case, COD and polyphenol elimination was 70.2 % and 36.1%, respectively, with juice wastewater under no pretreatment and applying UV irradiation. The most important factor in the removal of COD in juice wastewater was the concentration of Fe+2, followed by H2O2 and the presence of solar UV. The most important factor in the removal of polyphenols is the pretreatment of the juice wastewater, with better results whenthere is no pretreatment. The highest removal of polyphenols was obtained using the water without being pretreated.CONCLUSIONSThe specific energy consumption and the electrical energy per order under the photo‐Fentonprocess was lower than under the Fenton process, indicating a more efficient energy use. This is because the natural UV irradiation enhances the chemical reaction of the oxidation process, producing a higher difference in the concentration of COD and polyphenols in comparison to the process carried out without UV solar irradiation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry