bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CILP2 overexpression correlates with tumor progression and predicts poor outcome in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Feng , Peng Yuanfei , Ye Qing , Chen Jinhu , Li Yangming , Liu Shengyuan , Xu Yangmei , Huang Lijie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Genetic alterations play an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying new biomarkers to assess the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer is critical. Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein 2 (CILP2) gene, screened from the TCGA database by bioinformatics, may be closely related to the progression of colorectal cancer. CILP2 was barely reported with clinical features of tumors.Materials and methods: Clinical information and RNA-seq data were derived from the TCGA colorectal carcinoma cohort. CILP2 expression at mRNA level was estimated by bioinformatical analysis of TCGA cases. Tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed containing paraffin-embedded 64 pairs of CRC and matched adjacent normal tissues. The expression at the protein level was detected in 64 pairs of CRC and matched adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. CILP2 expression level and its clinical value were estimated by bioinformatical analysis with linear and logistic regression. Survival analysis was performed between high and low groups of CILP2 expression by Cox regression analysis, and the P-value was calculated by the log-rank test. Kaplan-Meier curves were tested by the log-rank test. Results: CILP2 was statistically significant higher expressed in the colorectal cancer tissues when compared with paired adjacent normal tissues in the TCGA cohort (P<0.001) and in the TMA cohort (P=0.001). Also, CILP2 high-expression was strongly correlated with T3/4 stage (P=0.001), N1/2/3 stage (P=0.005), M1 stage (P=0.048), and higher clinical stage (UICC 2010 stage) (P<0.001) in TCGA cohort, and also positively associated with T3/4 stage (P=0.022) and higher clinical stage (UICC 2010 stage) (P=0.03) in TMA cohort. Furthermore, CILP2 overexpression predicted poor prognosis and could be as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.003).Conclusion: We revealed that CILP2 is associated with advanced stages and could play a role as an independent predictor of poor survival in colorectal cancer.
What we know and don’t know about the Immunization Program of Ethiopia: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Tilahun Binyam , Mekonnen Zeleke , Sharkey Alyssa , Shahabuddin Asm , Feletto Marta , Zelalem Meseret , Shiekh Kabir 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: There has been significant recent prioritization and investment in the immunization program in Ethiopia. However, coverage rates have stagnated and remained low for many years, suggesting the presence of systemic barriers to implementation. Hence, there is a need to consolidate the existing knowledge, in order to address them and consequently improve program effectiveness. Methods: A thorough literature review and Delphi method were used. In this review, we searched Pubmed/Medline, WHO library, Science direct, Cochrane library, Google scholar and Google using different combinations of search strategies. Studies that applied any study design, data collection and analysis methods related to immunization program were included. In the Delphi method, a panel of 28 national and international experts were participated to identify current evidence gaps and set research priorities under the immunization program. Results: In this review, a total of 55 studies and national documents were included. The review showed that the vaccination coverage ranged from 20.6% in Afar to 91.7% in Amhara region with large inequities related to socio-economic, health service access and knowledge about vaccination across different settings. Only one study reported evidence on timeliness of immunization as 60%. The review revealed that 80% of health facilities provide immunization service nationally while service availability was only 2% in private health facilities. This review indicated that poor vaccine storage, vaccine shortage, service interruptions, poor defaulter tracing, low community engagement and poor documentation were the main barriers for the Expanded Program on Immunization with variations across different regions. Through expert panel of discussion using Delphi method, 10 priority research areas were identified across different domains of the immunization program at national level.Conclusion: We found out that there is substantial knowledge on vaccination coverage, however, there is little evidence on timeliness of vaccination. The existing barriers that affect full immunization coverage also varied from context to context which indicates there is a need to design and implement evidence based locally tailored interventions. This review also indicated evidence gaps with more focus on health system related implementation barriers at lower level and identified further research priorities in the immunization program of Ethiopia.
The accuracy of ultrasound to predict endotracheal tube size for pediatric patients with congenital scoliosis
Authors: Hao Jianhong , Zhang Jie , Dong Buhuai , Luo Zhenguo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Ultrasonography has been used to predict the necessary endotracheal tube (ETT) size by measuring the cricoid cartilage diameter. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of ultrasound to predict ETT size for pediatric patients with congenital scoliosis. Methods: Fifty pediatric patients who underwent scoliosis surgery were included in the study. According to the position of the scoliosis, patients were divided into three groups: Group C (cervical lateral bending), Group T (thoracic scoliosis), and Group L (lumbar scoliosis). For all participants, the transverse diameter of the cricoid cartilage was measured with ultrasonography. The initial ETT size was chosen according to the measurements, then the leak test was used to determine the bestfit ETT size. The ETT size predicted by ultrasound and the bestfit ETT size were compared using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: There was a strong correlation between the bestfit ETT size and the ETT size predicted by ultrasound in Group T (r = 0.93, p < 0.001) and Group L (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation in Group C (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the ETT size was overestimated by ultrasound in pediatric patients with cervical lateral bending (bias = 0.73 mm, precision = 0.42 mm, limit of agreement = 0.08 to 1.38 mm). Conclusion: Ultrasound is a reliable tool to predict ETT size for pediatric patients with thoracic or lumbar scoliosis. However, pediatric patients with cervical lateral bending will need an ETT smaller than the size predicted by ultrasonography. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, TRN: ChiCTR1900023408, date of registration: 05.26.2019, 'retrospectively registered'.
Comparison of Health Care Utilization Among Patients Affiliated and Not Affiliated with Healthcare Professionals in China
Authors: Si Yafei , Zhou Zhongliang , Su Min , Hu Han , Yang Zesen , Chen Xi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Doing “more” in healthcare can be a major threat to the delivery of high-quality health care. It is important to identify the supplier-induced demand (SID) of health care. This study aims to test SID hypothesis by comparing health care utilization among patients affiliated with healthcare professionals and their counterpart patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals. Methods Using cross-sectional data of the China Labour-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) implemented in 2014, we identified 806 patients affiliated with healthcare professionals and 22788 patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals. We used the coarsened exact matching method to control for confounding factors. The main outcomes were outpatient rate and expenditure as well as inpatient rate and expenditure. Results The matched outpatient rate of patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals was 0.6% higher (P=0.754) than that of their counterparts, and the matched inpatient rate was 1.1% lower (P=0.167). Patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals paid significantly more (680 CNY, P<0.001) than their counterparts did per outpatient visit (1126 CNY [95% CI 885-1368] vs. 446 CNY [95% CI 248-643]), while patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals paid insignificantly less (2061 CNY, P=0.751) than their counterparts did per inpatient visit (15583 CNY [95% CI 12052-19115] vs. 17645 CNY [95% CI 4884-30406]). Conclusion Our results lend support on supplier-induced demand hypothesis and highlight the need for policies to address the large outpatient care expenses of patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals. Our study also suggests that as the public becomes more informed, the demand of health care may persist while heath care expenditure per outpatient visit may decrease sharply due to the decline in supplier-induced demand. As significant misbehaviors performed by providers, it’s important to create right incentives to offer less avoidable healthcare service during outpatient visits may work to reduce healthcare costs.
Progress on the national echinococcosis control programme in China: analysis of humans and dogs population intervention (2004-2014)
Authors: Yu Qing , Xiao Ning , Han Shuai , Tian Tian , Zhou Xiaonong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: A national control program for echinococcosis has been in effect since 2005 in China. This program has applied a comprehensive strategy, and good control results have been achieved[A1] （human echinococcosis prevalence rate decrease from 1.08% in 2004 to 0.24% in 2012） The objective of this study is focusing on [A2] assessment of the programme with two indices, including patient treatment and registered dogs deworming, in endemic areas of echincoccosis control over the period of 10 years (2004–2014) in China. Methods: ten provinces and autonomous regions of China were chosen for this study and a database was established that included demography at county and township levels, methods of epidemiological descriptive, instead the expectation-maximization (EM) for missing value filling for grouping available patients into those subjected to surgery and those receiving drug treatment after population screening[A3] and the dogs population after registered by deworming. (and were performed using Microsoft Excel software and SPSS software and the results are shown as percentages with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and economics data on patient treatment and dogs deworming were statistically analyzed after the corresponding discount with annual bank interest rates (1 USD=6.5 RMB Yuan, bank discount average changes of 2.3-3.3%).Results: The study showed that from 2004-2014, , the coverage rate (the grant total average rate) of surgical patient (after surgical operation) treatment had increased with 32.4% and with 81.3% for medical treatment with albendazole.[A4] Meanwhile, it increased by 58.6% for the deworming of registered dog since 2007. The accumulated costs amounted to USD 27.03 million after discount for patients and registered dog treatment, which is 1/4 (27.03/110.67) of the total accumulated financial inputs (USD 110.67 million from the Chinese Government. Since the implementation of the national program, it has increased 57 times (1705.9/30.1=57) with respect to the annual financial inputs (costs) and 368 times (11,067.9/30.1=368) with respect to all accumulated financial inputs (costs). Conclusions: [A5] more attention should be paid to controlling wild canines during the ongoing program period and sustainable follow-up evaluations are crucial for success and continued implementation of the national program.
Research on Underground Location Algorithm Based on Random Forest and Environmental Factor Compensation
Authors: Qiao Xin , Chang Fei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of poor location accuracy caused by the harsh and complex underground environment, long strip roadway, limited wireless transmission and sparse anchor nodes, an underground location algorithm based on Random Forest and environmental factors compensation is proposed. Firstly, the network model of underground wireless access point (AP) and tunnel environment are analyzed, and the fingerprint location algorithm is constructed. Meanwhile, the Received Signal Strength (RSS) is analyzed by Kalman Filter algorithm in the offline sampling and real-time positioning stage. In the real-time positioning stage, random forest algorithm and signal intensity ratio compensation algorithm are used to optimize the situation that the location error fluctuates greatly in the near area. Meanwhile, the target speed constraint condition is introduced to reduce the error caused by environmental factors. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper solves the problem of insufficient location accuracy and large fluctuation affected by environment when the anchor nodes are sparse. The average location accuracy reaches three meters, which can satisfy the application of underground rescue, activity track playback, disaster monitoring and positioning, and has high application value in complex underground environment.Aiming at the problems of poor location accuracy caused by the harsh and complex underground environment, long strip roadway, limited wireless transmission and sparse anchor nodes, an underground location algorithm based on Random Forest and environmental factors compensation is proposed. Firstly, the network model of underground wireless access point (AP) and tunnel environment are analyzed, and the fingerprint location algorithm is constructed. Meanwhile, the Received Signal Strength (RSS) is analyzed by Kalman Filter algorithm in the offline sampling and real-time positioning stage. In the real-time positioning stage, random forest algorithm and signal intensity ratio compensation algorithm are used to optimize the situation that the location error fluctuates greatly in the near area. Meanwhile, the target speed constraint condition is introduced to reduce the error caused by environmental factors. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper solves the problem of insufficient location accuracy and large fluctuation affected by environment when the anchor nodes are sparse. The average location accuracy reaches three meters, which can satisfy the application of underground rescue, activity track playback, disaster monitoring and positioning, and has high application value in complex underground environment.
A 31-bp indel in the 5' UTR region of GNB1L is significantly associated with chicken body weight and carcass traits
Authors: Ren Tuanhui , Yang Ying , Lin Wujian , Li Wangyu , Xian Mingjian , Fu Rong , Zhang Zihao , Mo Guodong , Luo Wen , Zhang Xiquan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: G-protein subunit beta 1 like ( GNB1L ) encodes a G-protein beta-subunit-like polypeptide. Chicken GNB1L is upregulated in the breast muscle of high feed efficiency chickens, and its expression is 1.52-fold that in low feed efficiency chickens. However, no report has described the effects of GNB1L indels on the chicken carcass and growth traits.Results: This study identified a 31-bp indel in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of GNB1L and elucidated the effect of this gene mutation on the carcass and growth traits in chickens. The 31-bp indel showed a highly significant association with the body weight at 8 different stages and was significantly correlated with daily gains at 0 to 4 weeks and 4 to 8 weeks. Similarly, the mutation was significantly associated with small intestine length, breast width, breast depth and breast muscle weight. Moreover, DD and ID were superior genotypes for chicken growth and carcass traits.Conclusions: These results show that the 31-bp indel of GNB1L significantly affects chicken body weight and carcass traits and can serve as a candidate molecular marker for chicken genetics and breeding programs.
Signals of adverse drug reactions communicated by pharmacovigilance stakeholders: protocol for a scoping review of the global literature
Authors: Sartori Daniele , Aronson Jeffrey , Onakpoya Igho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Signals of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) form the basis of some regulatory risk-minimization actions in pharmacovigilance. Reviews of limited scope have highlighted that such signals are mostly supported by reports of ADRs or multiple types of evidence. . The time that elapses between a report of a suspected ADR and the communication of a signal has not been systematically characterized. Neither have the features of reports of suspected ADRs that authors used to support putative causal relationships, although difficulties with establishing causal relationships between medicinal products and adverse events have been highlighted. The objectives of this study will be to describe the evidence underpinning signals in pharmacovigilance, the features of reports of ADRs supporting signals, and the time that it takes to communicate a signal.Methods: . We shall retrieve records from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO (from inception onwards), without language/design restrictions and apply backward citation screening . We shall hand-search the websites of 35 regulatory agencies/authorities, restricted publications from the Uppsala Monitoring Centre, and drug bulletins. Signals will be requested from the competent stakeholder, if absent from websites. We shall use VigiBase, the World Health Organization’s Global Individual Case Safety Report database, to determine the dates on which ADRs were reported . We shall manage records using EndNote (v. 8.2); one reviewer will screen titles/abstracts and full texts, a second will cross-validate the findings, and a third will arbitrate disagreements. Data will be charted via the Systematic Reviews Data Repository, following the same procedures as for data retrieval. Evidence will be categorized according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. Features of reports of ADRs will be coded. Tables will display frequencies of types of evidence and features of reports of ADRs. We shall use plots or pictograms (if appropriate) to represent the time from the first report of a suspected ADR to a signal.Discussion: We expect the findings from this review will allow better understanding of global patterns of similarities or differences in terms of supporting evidence and timing of communications, and identify relevant research questions for future systematic reviews.Scoping review registration: osf.io/jtv38
Incidence and risk factor for short term postoperative cough after thyroidectomy
Authors: Wu Junfu , Dai Liyuan , Lou Weihua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of and potential risk factors for postoperative cough after thyroidectomy remain unknown. The current study aimed to analyze postoperative cough in patients undergoing thyroidectomy using a prospective analysis.Methods: Adult patients undergoing primary thyroidectomy were prospectively enrolled. Data regarding age, sex, BMI, pathology and surgical procedure were collected and analyzed. All patients were asked to complete the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) preoperatively and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postoperatively.Results: There were 1264 patients enrolled in total. Eleven patients with vocal cord paralysis were excluded. In patients with benign disease, postoperative cough occurred in 61 patients, with an prevalence rate of 17. 0% compared to an prevalence rate of 33.1% in patients with malignant disease; the difference was significant. For benign patients, the factors of smoking and operation time were independently related to the occurrence of postoperative cough. For malignant patients, the factors of smoking, operation time, operation extent, and the number of positive nodes at level 6 were independently related to the occurrence of postoperative cough. There was no significant difference regarding the LCQ score in patients with benign or malignant disease at the preoperative and the postoperative 4-week time periods. Patients with malignant disease had a significantly lower LCQ score than patients with benign disease at the postoperative 2-week time point (p=0.004).Conclusions: Patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery had a higher prevalence of postoperative cough and were also associated with a decreased cough-related quality of life. The factors of smoking and operation time were the most important predictors for postoperative cough after thyroidectomy.
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Sabah, Malaysia, 2012–2018
Authors: Goroh Michelle May D. , Rajahram Giri Shan , Avoi Richard , Boogaard Christel van den , William Timothy , Ralph Anna P , Lowbridge Christopher 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is of high public health importance in Malaysia. Sabah State, located on the island of Borneo, has previously reported a particularly high burden of disease and faces unique contextual challenges compared with peninsular Malaysia. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of TB in Sabah to identify risk groups and hot spots of TB transmission. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of TB cases notified in Sabah, Malaysia, between 2012 and 2018. Using data from the state’s ‘myTB’ notification database, we calculated the case notification rate and described trends in the epidemiology, diagnostic practices and treatment outcomes of TB in Sabah within this period. The Chi-squared test was used for determining the difference between two proportions. Results: Between 2012 and 2018 there were 33 193 cases of TB reported in Sabah (128 cases per 100 000 population). We identified several geographic hotspots, including districts with > 200 cases per 100 000 population per year. TB rates increased with age and were highest in older males. Children < 15 years accounted for only 4.6% of cases. Moderate or advanced disease on chest X-ray and sputum smear positivity was high (58% and 81% of cases respectively), suggesting frequent late diagnosis. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB prevalence was low (0.3% of TB cases), however, rapid diagnostic test coverage was low (1.2%) and only 18% of all cases had a positive culture result. Treatment success was 83% (range: 81–85%) in those with drug-sensitive TB and 36% (range: 25–45%) in cases of MDR-TB. Conclusion: Between 2012 and 2018, TB notifications in Sabah State equated to 20% of Malaysia’s total TB notifications, despite Sabah representing only 10% of Malaysia’s population. We found hotspots of TB in urbanised population hubs and points of migration, as well as evidence of late presentation and diagnosis. Ensuring universal health coverage and expansion of GeneXpert® coverage is recommended to reduce barriers to care and early diagnosis and treatment for TB.