bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed‐Mode Formation of Amorphous Materials in the Creeping Zone of the Chihshang Fault, Taiwan, and Implications for Deformation Style
Authors: Wu Wen‐Jie , Kuo Li‐Wei , Ku Ching‐Shun , Chiang Ching‐Yu , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Aprilniadi Tyas Dwi , Dong Jia‐Jyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExperimental results demonstrate that amorphous materials can be generated by frictional sliding at a wide range of conditions and that once formed the frictional strength of the fault is reduced. Nevertheless, amorphous materials have not been described in many natural faults, and their importance in natural systems is not well understood. We have identified amorphous materials within a 3‐mm‐thick slip zone (i.e., narrow band) in the Chihshang Fault, Taiwan, as well as within a submicrometer thick band in a distributed network of scaly clays. The scaly clays resemble those developed in other faults that demonstrably accommodated slow creep, and they also impart very low permeability implying that fluid‐related alteration (which could result in amorphization) will be inefficient. For this reason, and because of its throughgoing nature and position within a deforming zone, we infer a shear‐related origin for the amorphous materials. Therefore, amorphous materials can be observed in near‐surface environments because they have been formed during recent deformation under limited fluid‐circulation circumstances. The narrow slip zone containing amorphous materials is throughgoing and is interpreted to have acted as a frictional interface that accommodated brittle deformation at the macroscopic scale, whereas the surrounding mélange accommodated distributed “ductile” shear. The formation of amorphous materials therefore typifies the “mixed‐mode” style of deformation in this creeping fault zone.
Atmospheric Drivers of Melt on Larsen C Ice Shelf: Surface Energy Budget Regimes and the Impact of Foehn
Authors: Elvidge Andrew D. , Kuipers Munneke Peter , King John C. , Renfrew Ian A. , Gilbert Ella 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent ice shelf retreat on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula has been principally attributed to atmospherically driven melt. However, previous studies on the largest of these ice shelves—Larsen C—have struggled to reconcile atmospheric forcing with observed melt. This study provides the first comprehensive quantification and explanation of the atmospheric drivers of melt across Larsen C, using 31‐months' worth of observations from Cabinet Inlet, a 6‐month, high‐resolution atmospheric model simulation and a novel approach to ascertain the surface energy budget (SEB) regime. The dominant meteorological controls on melt are shown to be the occurrence, strength, and warmth of mountain winds called foehn. At Cabinet Inlet, foehn occurs 15% of the time and causes 45% of melt. The primary effect of foehn on the SEB is elevated turbulent heat fluxes. Under typical, warm foehn conditions, this means elevated surface heating and melting, the intensity of which increases as foehn wind speed increases. Less commonly—due to cooler‐than‐normal foehn winds and/or radiatively warmed ice—the relationship between wind speed and net surface heat flux reverses. This explains the seemingly contradictory results of previous studies. In the model, spatial variability in cumulative melt across Larsen C is largely explained by foehn, with melt maxima in inlets reflecting maxima in foehn wind strength. However, most accumulated melt (58%) occurs due to solar radiation in the absence of foehn. A broad north‐south gradient in melt is explained by the combined influence of foehn and non‐foehn conditions.
Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation Over the Maritime Continent Under Modulation of MJO: Perspectives From Cloud‐Permitting Scale Simulations
Authors: Wei Yuntao , Pu Zhaoxia , Zhang Chidong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCloud‐permitting scale (3 km) simulations are made to investigate the diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) over the Indo‐Pacific Maritime Continent under the modulation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), focusing on January–February 2018 during the Years of the Maritime Continent (YMC). Comparisons with satellite precipitation and global reanalysis products show that the simulations reasonably capture main features of diurnal wind and precipitation. The MJO modulates the amplitude, timing, and propagation of the DCP through affecting both large‐scale and local circulation and convection. Under local suppressed conditions, much strengthened sea/valley breezes are generally responsible for the enhanced and earlier‐triggered (2‐ to 3‐hr lead) DCP over land. Meanwhile, stronger cooling induced by enhanced stratiform rainfall excites well‐developed gravity waves spreading outward and upward, accompanied by continuous decreases in low‐level temperature and amplified land breezes, which cause stronger and further offshore‐propagating DCP. The opposite is true under local active conditions. Modulated by the passing of MJO, the enhanced DCP also displays a systematic shift from the west to the east coasts of large islands, forming a unique dipolar structure in the anomalous island DCP. The DCP exhibits island‐dependent characteristics: With topographical elevation, the triggering mechanism of island convection transforms from later penetrating sea breeze fronts over mountain foothills to early‐excited valley winds over mountain tops. Steep topography also supports stronger intraseasonal variations of the DCP, which can be well explained by regional variations in land‐sea/mountain‐valley breezes, terrain lifting, and ambient wind‐induced advective and vertical wind shear effects.
Me, myself, bye: regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin
Authors: Mason N. L. , Kuypers K. P. C. , Müller F. , Reckweg J. , Tse D. H. Y. , Toennes S. W. , Hutten N. R. P. W. , Jansen J. F. A. , Stiers P. , Feilding A. , Ramaekers J. G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in the therapeutic utility of psychedelic substances, like psilocybin, for disorders characterized by distortions of the self-experience, like depression. Accumulating preclinical evidence emphasizes the role of the glutamate system in the acute action of the drug on brain and behavior; however this has never been tested in humans. Following a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design, we utilized an ultra-high field multimodal brain imaging approach and demonstrated that psilocybin (0.17 mg/kg) induced region-dependent alterations in glutamate, which predicted distortions in the subjective experience of one’s self (ego dissolution). Whereas higher levels of medial prefrontal cortical glutamate were associated with negatively experienced ego dissolution, lower levels in hippocampal glutamate were associated with positively experienced ego dissolution. Such findings provide further insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of the psychedelic, as well as the baseline, state. Importantly, they may also provide a neurochemical basis for therapeutic effects as witnessed in ongoing clinical trials.
Ruxolitinib plus extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) for steroid refractory acute graft-versus-host disease of lower GI-tract after allogeneic stem cell transplantation leads to increased regulatory T cell level
Authors: Modemann Franziska , Ayuk Francis , Wolschke Christine , Christopeit Maximilian , Janson Dietlinde , von Pein Ute-Marie , Kröger Nicolaus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a serious complication after stem cell transplantation and is associated with high non-relapse mortality. If steroid treatment as first-line therapeutic approach fails, treatment options are limited. In retrospective studies, ruxolitinib, a selective Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor as well as extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) could show high efficacy in treatment of steroid refractory acute and chronic GVHD. Here, we report single-center experience of combining JAK-inhibitor treatment with ECP in 18 patients with severe steroid refractory aGVHD of lower GI-tract. The treatment was well tolerated and no severe cytopenia (grade IV) occurred, in three patients grade III cytopenia could be observed. Response was complete or partial in 44% and 11%, respectively, resulting in an estimated 2 year overall survival of 56%. Steroids were tapered rapidly with a median time of 2 days for halving of dosage avoiding additional steroid-associated side effects. Under treatment with ruxolitinib and ECP, an increased level of regulatory T cells could be observed elucidating direct effects of this treatment on immune response.
LncRNA SNHG17 aggravated prostate cancer progression through regulating its homolog SNORA71B via a positive feedback loop
Authors: Wu Gaoliang , Hao Chao , Qi Xueliang , Nie Jianqiang , Zhou Weimin , Huang Ji , He Qiuming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProstate cancer (PC) is a prevalent male malignancy with high occurrence rate. Recent studies have showed that small nucleolar host genes (SNHGs) and their homolog small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) elicit regulatory functions in carcinogenesis. Present study aimed to investigate the role of SNHG17 and its homolog SNORA71B in PC. Function of SNHG17 and SNORA71B in PC is detected by CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis, and transwell migration assay. The mechanism whereby SNHG17 regulated SNORA71B was detected by RIP, pulldown, ChIP, and luciferase reporter assays. Results depicted that transcript 6 of SNHG17 and SNORA71B were upregulated in PC. Knockdown of SNHG17 or SNORA71B weakened proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and strengthened apoptosis. Mechanistically, SNHG17 and SNORA71B were transcriptionally activated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A). SNHG17 positively regulated SNORA71B in PC cell lines and other cell lines. SNHG17 sponged miR-339-5p to upregulate STAT5A and therefore to cause transactivation of SNORA71B. Rescue experiments delineated that SNORA71B was required for the regulation of SNHG17 on PC. Moreover, SNHG17 silence hindered tumorigenesis of PC in vivo. In conclusion, current study first revealed that lncRNA SNHG17 aggravated prostate cancer progression through regulating its homolog SNORA71B via a positive feedback loop, which might do help to the pursuit of better PC treatment.
Splicing- and demethylase-independent functions of LSD1 in zebrafish primitive hematopoiesis
Authors: Tamaoki Junya , Takeuchi Miki , Abe Ryo , Kaneko Hiroshi , Wada Taeko , Hino Shinjiro , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Furukawa Yusuke , Kobayashi Makoto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLSD1/KDM1A is a widely conserved lysine-specific demethylase that removes methyl groups from methylated proteins, mainly histone H3. We previously isolated the zebrafish LSD1 gene and demonstrated that it is required for primitive hematopoiesis. Recently, a neuron-specific splicing variant of LSD1 was found in mammals and its specific functions and substrate specificities were reported. To our surprise, zebrafish LSD1 cDNA, which we previously analyzed, was corresponded to the neuron-specific variant in mammals. In this study, we investigated the structures and expression of LSD1 splicing variants in zebrafish and found all 4 types of LSD1 isoforms: LSD1, LSD1+2al, LSD1+8al and LSD1+2al8al. Interestingly, LSD1+8al/LSD1+2al8al, which correspond to mammalian neuron-specific variants, expressed ubiquitously in zebrafish. We also performed phenotypic rescue experiments of a zebrafish LSD1 mutant (kdm1ait627) using human and zebrafish LSD1 variants to identify which variant is involved in primitive hematopoiesis. Unexpectedly, the overexpression of all types of human and zebrafish variants was able to rescue the hematopoietic phenotypes in LSD1 mutants. Furthermore, enzymatic-deficient LSD1K661A (human) and K638A (zebrafish) were also able to rescue the mutant phenotypes. These results suggest that the LSD1 functions in zebrafish primitive hematopoiesis are free from any splicing-dependent regulation or demethylation reaction.
2,2′-Dipyridyl diselenide (Py2Se2) induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human lung carcinoma (A549) cells through ROS scavenging and reductive stress
Authors: Gandhi V V , Phadnis Prasad P , Kunwar A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Organo-diselenides are well documented for pro-oxidant effects in tumor cells. However, the present study demonstrated that 2,2′-dipyridyl diselenide (Py2Se2) induced cytotoxicity in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) cells through reductive stress marked by a significant decrease in the basal level of reactive oxygen species and a concurrent decrease in the ratio of oxidised (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione. The IC50 (concentration inducing 50% cytotoxicity) of Py2Se2 in A549 and human normal lung fibroblast (WI38) cells was ∼8.5 μM and ∼5.5 μM, respectively, indicating that Py2Se2 did not exhibit selective toxicity towards cancer cells. Cell free studies indicated that Py2Se2 acted as a substrate of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and accordingly it was proposed that TrxR mediated reduction of Py2Se2 within cells might be generating intermediates leading to a reductive environment. Despite generating a reducing environment, Py2Se2 caused significant DNA damage, G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. The mechanistic investigation revealed that Py2Se2 induced G1 arrest was mediated through up-regulation of p21 transcript in a p53 independent manner. Further, the apoptotic effect of Py2Se2 was associated with the increase in the levels of unfolded protein response markers like BiP and CHOP, mitochondrial permeability (JC1) and apoptotic markers such as cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Finally, pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine (a stimulator of GSH biosynthesis) or l-buthionine sulfoximine (an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis) increased and decreased the Py2Se2 mediated apoptosis, respectively. This confirmed that the cytotoxicity of Py2Se2 in A549 cells was triggered through reductive stress.
Self-consistent 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of coronal rain formation and evolution
Authors: Kohutova P. , Antolin P. , Popovas A. , Szydlarski M. , Hansteen V. H. 
Published: May 2020

Context. Coronal rain consists of cool and dense plasma condensations formed in coronal loops as a result of thermal instability.
Aims. Previous numerical simulations of thermal instability and coronal rain formation have relied on the practice of artificially adding a coronal heating term to the energy equation. To reproduce large-scale characteristics of the corona, the use of more realistic coronal heating prescription is necessary.
Methods. We analysed coronal rain formation and evolution in a three-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation spanning from convection zone to corona which is self-consistently heated by magnetic field braiding as a result of convective motions.
Results. We investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of energy dissipation along coronal loops which become thermally unstable. Ohmic dissipation in the model leads to the heating events capable of inducing sufficient chromospheric evaporation into the loop to trigger thermal instability and condensation formation. The cooling of the thermally unstable plasma occurs on timescales that are comparable to the duration of the individual impulsive heating events. The impulsive heating has sufficient duration to trigger thermal instability in the loop but does not last long enough to lead to coronal rain limit cycles. We show that condensations can either survive and fall into the chromosphere or be destroyed by strong bursts of Joule heating associated with a magnetic reconnection events. In addition, we find that condensations can also form along open magnetic field lines.
Conclusions. We modelled, for the first time, coronal rain formation in a self-consistent 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation, in which the heating occurs mainly through the braiding and subsequent Ohmic dissipation of the magnetic field. The heating is stratified enough and lasts for long enough along specific field lines to produce the necessary chromospheric evaporation that triggers thermal instability in the corona.
Is Group B Streptococcus Colonization Associated with Maternal Peripartum Infection in an Era of Routine Prophylaxis?
Authors: Venkatesh Kartik K. , Vladutiu Catherine J. , Glover Angelica V. , Strauss Robert A. , Stringer Jeffrey S.A. , Stamilio David M. , Hughes Brenna , Dotters-Katz Sarah 
Published: May 2020

Objective This study aimed to assess whether colonization with group B streptococcus (GBS) is associated with maternal peripartum infection in an era of routine prophylaxis.
Study Design This study presented a secondary analysis of women delivering ≥37 weeks who underwent a trial of labor from the U.S. Consortium on Safe Labor (CSL) study. The exposure was maternal GBS colonization and the outcome was a diagnosis of chorioamnionitis, and secondarily, analyses were restricted to deliveries not admitted in labor and measures of postpartum infection (postpartum fever, endometritis, and surgical site infection). Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used accounting for within-woman correlations. Models adjusted for maternal age, parity, race, prepregnancy body mass index, pregestational diabetes, insurance status, study site/region, year of delivery, number of vaginal exams from admission to delivery, and time (in hours) from admission to delivery.
Results Among 170,804 assessed women, 33,877 (19.8%) were colonized with GBS and 5,172 (3.0%) were diagnosed with chorioamnionitis. While the frequency of GBS colonization did not vary by chorioamnionitis status (3.0% in both groups), in multivariable analyses, GBS colonization was associated with slightly lower odds of chorioamnionitis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.96). In secondary analyses, this association held regardless of spontaneous labor on admission; and the odds of postpartum infectious outcomes were not higher with GBS colonization.
Conclusion In contrast to historical data, GBS colonization was associated with lower odds of chorioamnionitis in an era of routine GBS screening and prophylaxis.
Key Points
Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of the sFlt-1/PlGF Ratio in Early-Onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Tasta Oriane , Parant Olivier , Hamdi Safouane M. , Allouche Mickael , Vayssiere Christophe , Guerby Paul 
Published: May 2020

Objective Increased expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), associated with a decrease in placental growth factor (PlGF), plays a key role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). We evaluated the prognostic value of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for the onset of adverse maternofetal outcomes (AMFO) in case of early-onset PE with attempted expectant management.
Study Design From October 2016 through November 2018, all singleton pregnancies complicated by early-onset PE (before 34 weeks of gestation) were included in a cohort study. The plasma levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF were blindly measured on admission. For the statistical analysis, we performed a bivariate analysis, a comparison of the receiving operating characteristic curves and a survival analysis estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results Among 109 early PE, AMFO occurred in 87 pregnancies (79.8%), mainly hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome and severe fetal heart rate abnormalities requiring urgent delivery. The area under the curve (AUC) of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–0.88) for the risk of AMFO and the difference between the AUCs was significant for each separate standard parameter (p = 0.018 for initial diastolic blood pressure, p = 0.013 for alanine aminotransferase, p < 0.001 for uric acid). Pregnancies were best classified by a cutoff ratio of 293, with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 50%. With a ratio value less than 293, no pregnancy was complicated or had been stopped during the first 5 days. A ratio more than 293 was associated with an increased risk of AMFO onset (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.61; 95% CI: 2.13–6.10; p < 0.001) and had a significant association with the length of time between the diagnosis of PE and delivery (HR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.56–3.96; p < 0.001).
Conclusion The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio is an additional tool in the prediction of AMFO in proven early-onset PE, which is likely to improve care by anticipating severe complications.
Key Points
The Association between Shirodkar Cerclage and Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes in Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Muniz Rodriguez Alberto , Pastor Andrew , Fox Nathan S. 
Published: May 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate if preterm premature rupture of membranes in women with cerclage is due to the cerclage itself or rather the underlying risk factors for preterm birth in this population.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies who underwent Shirodkar cerclage by a single maternal–fetal medicine practice between 2005 and 2019. The control group was an equal number of randomly selected women with a singleton gestation who had a prior preterm birth and were treated with 17-OH-progesterone but no cerclage. Patients with major uterine anomalies or fetal anomalies were excluded. The primary outcome was preterm premature rupture of membranes prior to 34 weeks. Chi-square and logistic regression were used.
Results A total of 350 women with cerclage (154 [44%] history-indicated, 137 [39%] ultrasound-indicated, and 59 [17%] exam-indicated) and 350 controls were included. Preterm premature rupture of membranes prior to 34 weeks did not differ between the groups (8.9% in cerclage vs. 6.0% in controls, p = 0.149, adjusted odds ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval: 0.24–1.64) nor between the different cerclage indications (9.1% of history-indicated, 7.3% of ultrasound-indicated, and 11.9% of exam-indicated, p = 0.582). This study had 80% power with an α error of 0.05 to detect an increase in preterm premature rupture of membranes prior to 34 weeks from 6.0% in the control group to 12.0% in the cerclage group.
Conclusion Cerclage does not increase the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes prior to 34 weeks compared with other women at increased risk of preterm birth. The observed association between cerclage and preterm premature rupture of membranes is likely due to underlying risk factors and not the cerclage itself. The risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes prior to 34 weeks in women with cerclage is 10% or less and does not appear to differ based on cerclage indication.
Key Points