bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite Y from green materials
Authors: Dasgupta Sudipta , Klunk Marcos Antônio , Das Mohuli , Xavier Soyane Juceli Siqueira , Chemale Farid , Wander Paulo Roberto , Moraes Carlos Alberto Mendes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral probes have been conducted by the scientific community to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). A zeolitic material is capable of CO2 adsorption with the aid of such technologies. Our present work is to efficiently synthesize zeolite Y with four Si/Al ratios (2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5) from green materials such as rice husk ash (source of Si) and metakaolin (source of Al). The method for preparing zeolite Y involves hydrothermal synthesis in a hydrodynamic reactor at 120°C temperature, for a reaction time of 24 hours. These synthetic zeolites represent high values for surface area as well as pore volume in micropore range and are compatible with the size of CO2 molecules. The zeolite Y (with Si/Al ratio 3.5) has an absorption capacity of 3.35 mmol CO2/g at (900 kPa) pressure, thereby demonstrating high efficiency for CO2 adsorption. The spectra of FTIR indicate Si‐OH‐Al groups, while the vibrations corresponding to Si‐O‐Si or Si‐O‐Al compounds display the characteristic structure of zeolite Y. Several tests have been conducted with the synthesized zeolites Y, which portrayed strong evidence of CO2 absorption abilities. Henceforth, it can be concluded that zeolites Y have significant potential for application in adsorption/desorption cycles of carbon dioxide.
Maximization of the profit and reactant conversion considering partial pressures in an ammonia synthesis reactor using a derivative‐free method
Authors: B. Matos Kennedy , P. Carvalho Esdras , A. S. S. Ravagnani Mauro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, an optimization model is proposed for the ammonia synthesis reactor. The reversible exothermic reaction has nitrogen and hydrogen as reactants, at high temperatures, and high pressures with iron catalyst. Two different single‐objective optimization problems were considered, the maximization of the economic return and the maximization of the nitrogen conversion. The reaction rate model was defined as a function of partial pressures of the components. The problem was coded and solved in MATLAB using a derivative‐free method after reformulating a constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained one, by penalizing the infeasibilities of the constraints in the objective functions (barrier function). The main contributions of this paper are the combination of direct‐search methods in solving the optimization problem, the evaluation of the maximum ammonia production and the temperature profile. The optimal values found were better than the ones published in the literature.
Synthesis of titanium silicalite‐1 with high titanium content and its catalytic performance of propylene epoxidation
Authors: Gao Jiang , Gao Lin , Zhang Baoqiang , Wang Haoyu , Ma Weihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTitanium silicalite‐1 (TS‐1) has unique catalytic properties for oxidation reactions due to the titanium atom in the framework. To increase the Ti content in the framework, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added as a surfactant to modify TS‐1 (PTS‐1). The titanium content in PTS‐1 as the active site in the catalytic reaction increased to 0.87 wt%, compared with the traditional TS‐1 which has a titanium content of 0.64 wt%. Simultaneously, the average particle size of PTS‐1 is reduced to 180 nm, compared with TS‐1 (230 nm). The increase in Ti content makes the Au loading increase; thus, Au/PTS‐1 shows higher catalytic performance for propylene epoxidation, and the propylene oxide (PO) formation rate increases from 95 gPOh−1kgCat−1 with Au/TS‐1 to 190 gPOh−1kgCat−1 with Au/PTS‐1. In addition, the mechanism for the modification of Ti content by PVP is proposed.
Prognostic effects of longitudinal changes in left ventricular ejection fraction with cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Zhang Nixiao , Cai Minsi , Hua Wei , Hu Yiran , Niu Hongxia , Cai Chi , Gu Min , Zhang Shu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is considered an indicator of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Longitudinal studies on the predictive value of LVEF are scarce. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic role of LVEF in the outcomes of Chinese patients with CRT.Methods and resultsThree hundred ninety‐two patients were divided into three tertiles of LVEF: ≤25%, 25–30%, and 30–35%, and four groups by LVEF changes: <0% (negative response); ≥0% and ≤5% (non‐response); >5% and ≤15% (response); and >15% (super‐response). One hundred six patients were super‐responders. During a median follow‐up of 3.6 years, 141 reached the composite endpoint. Odds ratios (ORs) for super‐response depicted a reversed U‐shaped relationship for baseline LVEF with a peak at 25–30%. Independent predictors of super‐response were smaller left atrial diameter [odds ratio 0.897, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.844–0.955, P = 0.001], smaller left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (OR 0.937, 95% CI 0.889–0.989, P = 0.018), and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.001–1.035, P = 0.042) in Tertile 1; atrial fibrillation (OR 0.278, 95% CI 0.086–0.901, P = 0.033), left bundle branch block (OR 4.096, 95% CI 1.046–16.037, P = 0.043), and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (OR 0.929, 95% CI 0.876–0.986, P = 0.016) in Tertile 2; while female sex (OR 2.778, 95% CI 1.082–7.132, P = 0.034) and higher systolic blood pressure (OR 1.045, 95% CI 1.013–1.079, P = 0.006) in Tertile 3. An inverse association with the composite endpoint was found in Tertile 1 vs. Tertile 2 (hazard ratio 1.934, 95% CI 1.248–2.996, P = 0.003). The prognostic effects of CRT response in Tertile 3 and Tertile 1 varied significantly (P for trend = 0.017 and <0.001). Among three tertiles in super‐responders, event‐free survival was similar (P for trend = 0.143).ConclusionsLeft ventricular ejection fraction of 25–30% is associated with a better prognosis of super‐response. Predictors of super‐response are different for LVEF tertiles. CRT responses would have better prognostic performance than LVEF tertiles at baseline, which should be considered when clinicians screening eligible patients for CRT.
Match statistics for sequence‐based alleles in profiles from forensic PCR‐mps kits
Authors: Young Brian , Marciano Michael , Crenshaw Karin , Duncan George , Armogida Luigi , McCord Bruce 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe first autosomal sequence‐based allele (aka SNP‐STR haplotype) frequency database for forensic massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has been published, thereby removing one of the remaining barriers to implementing MPS in casework. The database was developed using a specific set of flank trim sites. If different trim sites or different kits with different primers are used for casework, then SNP‐STR haplotypes may be detected that do not have frequencies in the database. We describe a procedure to address calculation of match probabilities when casework samples are generated using an MPS kit with different trim sites than those present in the relevant population frequency database. The procedure provides a framework for comparison of any MPS kit or database combination while also accommodating comparison of MPS and CE profiles.
Flow‐through enzymatic reactors using polymer monoliths: From motivation to application
Authors: Mao Yuhong , Fan Rong , Li Renkuan , Ye Xiuyun , Kulozik Ulrich 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe application of monolithic materials as carriers for enzymes has rapidly expanded to the realization of flow‐through analysis and bioconversion processes. This expansion is partly attributed to the absence from diffusion limitation in many monoliths‐based enzyme reactors. Particularly, the relatively ease of introducing functional groups renders polymer monoliths attractive as enzyme carriers. After summarizing the motivation to develop enzymatic reactors using polymer monoliths, this review reports the most recent applications of such reactors. Besides, the present review focuses on the crucial characteristics of polymer monoliths affecting the immobilization of enzymes and the processing parameters dictating the performance of the resulting enzymatic reactors. This review is intended to provide a guideline for designing and applying flow‐through enzymatic reactors using polymer monoliths.
On the assessment of seismic performance of bridge piers on caisson foundations subjected to strong ground motions
Authors: Gaudio Domenico , Rampello Sebastiano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSubstructure method is widely used to evaluate the seismic performance of caisson foundations supporting bridge piers subjected to strong ground motions, mainly because of its simplicity. However, the strongly‐simplifying assumption of linear viscous‐elastic behaviour for the foundation soil limits its applicability to flexible systems subjected to low‐intensity earthquakes, for which irreversible strains and pore water pressure build‐up are not anticipated. Furthermore, lumped‐parameter models are typically adopted in calculations in which soil‐foundation compliance is reproduced via dynamic impedance functions, whose dependency on frequency of excitation is often neglected. Modification of free‐field motion leading to foundation input motion (FIM), due to the presence of caisson embedment, is also mostly ignored. The influence of these simplifying assumptions on the seismic performance of bridge piers on caisson foundations is assessed in this paper through a parametric study, where soil‐caisson‐bridge pier‐deck systems differing in geometric and mechanical properties are subjected to real seismic records. Dynamic analyses were carried out in the time domain with the finite element method, using a 3D continuum and a lumped‐parameter model for the foundation soil. In the 3D model both the linear viscous‐elastic and the nonlinear soil behaviour were assumed, while linear viscous‐elastic behaviour was assumed in the lumped‐parameter model. The influence of inelastic soil behaviour was assessed by comparing the seismic performance of the systems obtained with the 3D model, while the role of FIM was evaluated by comparing the results of the dynamic analyses computed assimilating the soil to a linear elastic medium.
Can night trading sessions improve forecasting performance of gold futures' volatility in China?
Authors: Yao Xuan , Hui Xiaofeng , Kang Kaican 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe use heterogeneous autoregression (HAR) and two related HAR extension models to examine volatility forecasting performances before and after the launch of night trading sessions in the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) gold futures market. To capture fluctuations from external information and volatility of realized volatility (RV), we incorporate the trading volume and jumping into the HAR‐V‐J model in the first place and then incorporate a GARCH specification into the HAR‐GARCH model. Results showed that there were large fluctuations in SHFE gold futures market before the launch of night trading sessions and mostly stemmed from overnight fluctuation in the international gold futures market. After the launch of night trading sessions, the realized volatility has a clear trend of moderation. In the in‐sample estimation, both jump and external information are found to have significant explanatory power with the HAR‐V‐J model. Additionally, the volatility clustering and high persistence of the realized volatility were confirmed by the GARCH coefficients. Last but not the least, night trading sessions have significantly improved the out‐of‐sample forecasting performances of realized volatility models. Among them, the HAR‐V‐J model is the best‐performing model. This conclusion holds for various prediction horizons and has great practical values for investors and policymakers.
The effects of porosity and permeability changes on simulated supercritical CO2 migration front in tight glutenite under different effective confining pressures from 1.5 MPa to 21.5 MPa
Authors: Xu Liang , Li Qi , Myers Matthew , Tan Yongsheng , He Miao , Umeobi Happiness Ijeoma , Li Xiaochun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDepending on rock pore compressibility, a change in effective confining pressure (ECP) can have a significant influence on supercritical CO2 (SC‐CO2) migration characteristics in natural reservoirs. In this study, a tight glutenite sample was used to conduct porosity/permeability measurements under different ECPs of 1.5, 5.5, 9.5, 13.5, 17.5 and 21.5 MPa. Then a SC‐CO2 drainage core flooding experiment, which was monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique, was conducted at an ECP of 5.5 MPa. Measurement results show that the porosity and permeability of the sample were comparatively low (at an ECP of 1.5 MPa, 8.3% and 2.4 mD, respectively). With increasing ECP, the porosity/permeability decreased rapidly initially then more slowly at the larger ECP value. NMR results shows that SC‐CO2 preferentially displaced water creating flow channels inside the sample. At SC‐CO2 breakthrough, the average residual water saturation was 69.86%. Following breakthrough, SC‐CO2 continued to displace the water creating more substantial flow channels until they were sufficient to transport the SC‐CO2 at the fixed flow rate, resulting in a residual water saturation of 42.72%. A two‐dimensional computational model was then established based on these experimental results to simulate the fluid behaviors at an ECP of 5.5 MPa, and then the model was extended to different ECP values ranging from 1.5 to 21.5 MPa. Numerical simulation results show that SC‐CO2 displaced water in an inverted triangle‐like shape. Under different ECPs of 1.5, 5.5, 9.5, 13.5, 17.5 and 21.5 MPa, the simulated breakthrough times were 36.8, 44.6, 54.8, 56.4, 59.0 and 59.4 mins with an average SC‐CO2 saturation of 13.18, 16.71, 18.71, 19.72, 21.99 and 22.19%, respectively. SC‐CO2 breakthrough occurred quicker for lower ECP values resulting in a smaller SC‐CO2 saturation. Likewise, with larger ECP value, SC‐CO2 breakthrough occurred later, and a higher SC‐CO2 saturation was seen. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐depth analysis of thyroid cancer mortality
Authors: LaBarge Brandon , Walter Vonn , Bann Darrin V. , Goldenberg David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are reports of an increasing thyroid cancer mortality rate. This study aimed to analyze the latest trends in this rate over time and compare findings from different cancer registries.MethodsThyroid cancer incidence‐based mortality (IBM) rates were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, including SEER‐9, SEER‐13, and SEER‐18. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) thyroid cancer mortality rate was acquired for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed using the JoinPoint software.ResultsNCHS data revealed an overall annual percent change (APC) over 1987 to 2017 of 0.61 (P < .01), and the value was nearly four times greater for males compared to females. The overall IBM APC values for SEER‐9, SEER‐13, and SEER‐18 were also positive and statistically significant (P < .01).ConclusionsThe increased thyroid cancer mortality rate observed in previous studies continues to be statistically significant based on updated NCHS and SEER IBM data.
Don't forget eclampsia in the efforts to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality
Authors: Nicholson Wanda K. , Stones William , Visser Gerard H. A. , Barnea Eytan R. , Nassar Anwar H. ,   Federation International Gynecology and Obstetrics Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Committee
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypertensive disorders are a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in prevention and clinical management, women in low‐resource countries continue to bear the burden of the sequelae of severe pre‐eclampsia–eclampsia. Sustainable strategies to improve the care of women with hypertensive disease, to identify those at risk for hypertensive disease, and to reduce the risk of eclampsia will require partnerships between clinicians and health policy makers. Resources are needed to scale up healthcare access and infrastructure, establish evidence‐based protocols for care, and ensure an adequate supply of equipment and drugs. Additionally, efforts for a sustained workforce of perinatal clinicians and staff trained in the assessment and management of hypertensive disease are needed. Effective postpartum care and monitoring are essential to prevent morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Culturally appropriate strategies are needed to educate women and their families on the symptoms of pre‐eclampsia to address delays in seeking care during pregnancy and postpartum. With targeted, sustained efforts and resources, eclampsia and its associated co‐morbidities can be preventable.
“I Learned the Rules”: Using a Critical Disciplinary Literacy Model to Foster Disciplinary Apprenticeship
Authors: Dyches Jeanne , Gunderson Mary Pat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough ubiquitous in academic discourse for over a decade, disciplinary literacy scholarship has only recently begun to explicitly interrogate critical literacy as a discipline‐dependent set of dispositions, discourses, skills, and practices. Drawing from critical disciplinary literacy (CDL) theory, this article presents findings from a mini‐unit co‐designed and co‐taught by an Iowa state district court judge and literacy professor that sought to teach 24 U.S. History students the disciplinary particulars of applying critical literacies while reading legal opinions issued by an all‐male state Supreme Court. Analysis of student responses reveals that the CDL mini‐unit helped most students experience disciplinary belonging and develop text‐dependent skills; additionally, most students began to consider writers’ positionalities when sourcing legal opinions. Yet, a small group of students repudiated the CDL mini‐unit, evidenced through both resignation and overt resistance to discussing systems of power and oppression. Implications for secondary students and teachers are discussed.
A facile synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d:6,5‐d′]dipyrimidines via microwave‐assisted multicomponent reactions catalyzed by β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Avvadukkam Jayashree , Badiadka Narayana , Kunhanna Sarojini B. , Kumar Madan S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA facile three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehyde, 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐4,6‐dione, and 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil was developed for the first time using β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) as a macrocyclic host for aldehyde and an efficient catalyst that leads to a batch of novel pyrano[2,3‐d:6,5‐d′]dipyrimidines (4a‐k). The synthesis was accomplished with the aid of microwave irradiations in solvent‐free conditions. The product obtained was in contrast to the previous report in which a similar reaction resulted in a mixture of benzylidenepyrimidine and bisaminopyrimidine analogs in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride in an aqueous medium. The formation of the pyrano[2,3‐d:6,5‐d′]dipyrimidines may be in virtue of the property of β‐CD to construct new CC and CX (where X = heteroatom) bonds. Reusability of the catalyst up to three runs without any noteworthy change in catalytic activity is one of the main features of the reaction. Other noteworthy features are good to excellent yields, eco‐friendly procedure, non‐column chromatographic purification, and mild conditions.
Ultrastructure of the rhyncheal apparatus and other structures of the scolex of Grillotia (Christianella) carvajalregorum (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha)
Authors: Mutti Leonardo Damian , Ivanov Verónica Adriana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe scolex ultrastructure was studied in Grillotia (Christianella) carvajalregorum (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) using histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. We show for the first time the presence of scolex glands arranged in two longitudinal acini at the pars vaginalis parenchyma. These glands, along with those scattered in bothrial parenchyma, produce potentially adhesive glycoprotein secretions that are discharged via ducts to the bothrial grooves and apex. A particular type of sensory receptor was found around frontal gland pores, with a possible function in regulating their secretion activity. The internal structure of microtriches varies according to their morphotype and distribution on the scolex, this study providing the first description of the ultrastructure of serrate lanceolate spinitriches. The projections that form serrate margins are an extension of the medulla, differing from similar projections of other spinitriches. The large caps observed in serrate lanceolate spinitriches may reflect their specialization in attachment to and abrasion of intestinal mucosa, while the short caps and large bases of acicular filitriches may reflect their involvement in nutrient absorption. We also describe the rhyncheal apparatus ultrastructure, showing a similar basic structure of tentacular walls than that of other trypanorhynchs. Some differences among species in the number of fibrous layers, composition of the apical cytoplasm and presence of microvilli‐like projections were discussed. Finally, our study describes in detail the internal ultrastructure of hollow hooks, evidencing the presence of cytoplasm, mitochondria and fibrils. The location of these fibrils may increase the area of contact surface of hooks on tentacles, possibly allowing for a higher tensile strength than that of solid hooks. We consider that gland location and shape, composition of tentacular wall layers, and hook internal structure may serve as useful characters for the taxonomy and phylogeny of Trypanorhyncha.Research Highlights
This is the first description of scolex internal ultrastructure in Grillotia carvajalregorum, showing the presence of glands arranged in two longitudinal acini at the pars vaginalis parenchyma, with potentially adhesive functions.
The internal ultrastructure of serrate lanceolate spinitriches and acicular filitriches may reflect their specialization in attachment to the host intestinal mucosa and their involvement in nutrient absorption, respectively.
Internally, hollow hooks have cytoplasm with mitochondria and fibrils, which are more widely distributed than in solid hooks, possibly increasing their tensile strength.