bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Range‐free intersecting chord‐based geometric localization scheme for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Das Tisan , Khilar Pabitra Mohan , Swain Rakesh Ranjan 
Published: November 2019

SummaryRecent advancement in wireless sensor network has contributed greatly to the emerging of low‐cost, low‐powered sensor nodes. Even though deployment of large‐scale wireless sensor network became easier, as the power consumption rate of individual sensor nodes is restricted to prolong the battery lifetime of sensor nodes, hence the heavy computation capability is also restricted. Localization of an individual sensor node in a large‐scale geographic area is an integral part of collecting information captured by the sensor network. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the most popular methods of localization of mobile terminals; however, the use of this technology in wireless sensor node greatly depletes battery life. Therefore, a novel idea is coined to use few GPS‐enabled sensor nodes, also known as anchor nodes, in the wireless sensor network in a well‐distributed manner. Distances between anchor nodes are measured, and various localization techniques utilize this information. A novel localization scheme Intersecting Chord‐Based Geometric Localization Scheme (ICBGLS) is proposed here, which loosely follows geometric constraint‐based algorithm. Simulation of the proposed scheme is carried out for various communication ranges, beacon broadcasting interval, and anchor node traversal techniques using Omnet++ framework along with INET framework. The performance of the proposed algorithm (ICBGLS), Ssu scheme, Xiao scheme, and Geometric Constraint‐Based (GCB) scheme is evaluated, and the result shows the fact that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing localization algorithms in terms of average localization error. The proposed algorithm is executed in a real‐time indoor environment using Arduino Uno R3 and shows a significant reduction in average localization time than GCB scheme and similar to that of the SSU scheme and Xiao scheme.
Determination of binding constants of multiple charged cyclodextrin complexes by ACE using uncorrected and ionic strength corrected actual mobilities of the species involved
Authors: Sázelová Petra , Koval Dušan , Severa Lukáš , Teplý Filip , Vigh Gyula , Kašička Václav 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, the apparent binding constants and limiting mobilities of the multiply charged complexes of the Δ− and Λ−enantiomers of Ru(II)‐ and Fe(II)‐polypyridyl associates ([Ru(2,2′‐bipyridine)3]2+, [Ru(1,10‐phenanthroline)3]2+, and [Fe(1,10‐phenanthroline)3]2+) with single‐isomer 2,3‐diacetylated‐6‐sulfated‐cyclodextrins (CDs) (12Ac‐6S‐α‐CD, 14Ac‐7S‐β‐CD, and 16Ac‐8S‐γ‐CD) were determined by ACE using uncorrected and ionic strength corrected actual mobilities of the species involved. Two limiting models were tested for the ionic strength correction of the actual mobilities based on an empirical relation for the ionic strength correction of multivalent ionic species. In model 1, the nominal values of the charge numbers (zS,nom) and analytical concentrations (cS,nom) of the above CD selectors in the BGEs were applied for calculation of the BGE ionic strength, as usual. In model 2, the CD selectors were considered as singly charged species (zS = −1) with |zS,nom|‐times higher concentrations in the BGE than their analytical concentrations (cS = |zS,nom| × cS,nom) in the calculation of the BGE ionic strength. In all three cases–with uncorrected actual mobilities as well as with actual mobilities corrected according to the two limiting models–the measured effective mobilities of the above enantiomers fit well the theoretical curves of their mobility dependences on the CD selectors concentrations in the BGE, with high average coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.9890–0.9995). Nevertheless, the best physico‐chemically meaningful values of the apparent binding constants and the limiting mobilities of the enantiomer‐CDs complexes with low RSDs were obtained using the actual mobilities of the species involved corrected according to model 2.
Theoretical, numerical, and experimental analysis of effective extraction radius of coalbed methane boreholes by a gas seepage model based on defined criteria
Authors: Xu Hao , Wang Gang , yang Guo Yang , Chang Bo , Hu Yanwei , Fan Jiuyuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effective extraction radius of borehole is the main parameter for determining the design and layout for coalbed methane extraction. This paper is aimed at the problem that the criteria and calculation methods for the effective extraction radius of coal seams are not comprehensive. With Wudong Coal Mine in China taken as an example, the critical gas pressure (0.441 MPa) for the calculation of effective extraction radius is first defined. Next, the gas seepage unit model around the borehole is developed, and the theoretical mathematical expression to calculate the effective extraction radius is derived. Then, the numerical simulation of gas extraction is carried out through a computational fluid dynamics program, and the effective extraction radius is obtained numerically. Furthermore, the influence of original gas pressure, borehole diameter, and negative pressure of gas extraction on gas extraction is analyzed. Finally, the results from the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation are validated by the field engineering measurement and the average relative error is small (less than 10%). The results indicate that the effective extraction radius has a linear relationship with the extraction time. Moreover, it is found that the original gas pressure is the main factor affecting the effective extraction radius and the effective extraction radius is proportional to the borehole diameter and negative pressure through analysis. Therefore, the above findings can provide a theoretical basis for determining parameters such as borehole spacing and extraction time of gas extraction in coal mines.
Study of smoke movement characteristics in tunnel fires in high‐altitude areas
Authors: Yan Guanfeng , Wang Mingnian , Yu Li , Tian Yuan , Guo Xiaohan 
Published: November 2019

SummaryUnderstanding smoke temperature distributions and transport characteristics is of great importance to control and exhaust thermal‐driven smoke. However, previous studies have focused on this problem in plain areas, whereas ambient pressure decreases as elevation increases. This study investigates the influence of ambient pressure on the hot gas temperature distribution and movement characteristics in a tunnel fire. A series of numerical simulations are carried out in a vehicle tunnel with various heat release rates (HRRs) and ambient pressures. The results show that the maximum temperature and longitudinal temperature distribution under the tunnel ceiling increase with decreasing ambient pressure due to less heat loss caused by lower air density. In addition, the vertical temperatures of the smoke are slightly higher under lower ambient pressure, and this phenomenon makes the smoke spread slightly faster while the smoke layer thickness remains nearly the same under different ambient pressures. The results can provide a reference for tunnel lining design and ventilation arrangements in high‐altitude areas.
Study on metabolites of Bacillus producing soy sauce‐like aroma in Jiang‐flavor Chinese spirits
Authors: Zhao Xingxiu , Liu Yuanhao , Shu Li , He Yiguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJiang‐flavor Chinese spirits are one of the four basic liquor types in China. It has thousands of years of history in China and is widely enjoyed because of its unique flavor and broad application. Although Jiang‐flavor Chinese spirits have a unique soy sauce flavor, the associated key compounds and production mechanism remain unknown. To investigate this process, soy sauce flavor‐producing strains were obtained, and their metabolites were evaluated. Using wheat as the fermentation medium, we observed changes in total acid, amino nitrogen, and reducing sugar in three strains of Bacillus cerberus with high yield of tetramethylpyrazine during the fermentation process. The results showed that total acid and amino nitrogen contents increased and reducing sugars decreased in a time‐dependent manner. Additionally, detection of volatile compounds via solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry that total pyrazine content reached 43.175%, 50.461%, and 45.955% in wheat fermentation medium fermented by strains Q1, Q2, and Q5, respectively, suggesting that this important flavor compound might be related to the flavor of soy sauce. Moreover, we found that fermentation time was an important factor in soy sauce flavor, as volatile compounds were detected at different times by the three strains, with pyrazines not detected before 48 hr and peaking at 50.461% after 144 hr. These results indicated that strain Q2 exhibited optimal fermenting performance and might be useful for fermentation of Jiang‐flavor Chinese spirits.
Gender differences in the interaction effect of community resources and attitudes toward seeking professional help on posttraumatic stress, depression, and posttraumatic growth
Authors: Shigemoto Yuki , Banks Amanda , Boxley Bridgett 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe current study examined the gender differences in the interaction effect of community resources and attitudes toward seeking professional help in predicting posttraumatic stress, depression, and posttraumatic growth for female and male survivors of Hurricane Harvey. Participants were 413 adults who reported directly experiencing Hurricane Harvey, which made landfall on August 26, 2017. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants approximately 16 months after the hurricane via an online survey. Among men, significant interaction effects of community resources and attitudes toward seeking help on posttraumatic stress, depression, and posttraumatic growth were found even after statistically controlling for age, educational attainment, income, marital status, and racial minority status. Among women, no interaction effects were found. Women with open attitudes toward seeking psychological treatment experienced higher posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth, and higher resources were positively associated with growth. The current study raises important implications on gender differences on community resources and attitudes toward seeking professional help after a hurricane.
Prenatal sonographic appearance of laryngeal atresia: A case report
Authors: Yu Florrie , Leung Ky 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDetailed assessment of the larynx is not easy because of its complex structures and the associated technical difficulties. We performed sonography in multiple planes to assess the laryngeal anatomy and movements of a fetus with laryngeal atresia. The distended trachea ended abruptly with an echogenic non‐structured larynx which showed shallow rapid “flutter‐like” movements and up and down but not adduction‐ abduction movements during swallowing. Shadowing from the chin could be reduced by scanning through fluid in the oral cavity or between the transverse processes of vertebrae in a coronal plane.
An Ore‐type condition for large k‐factor and disjoint perfect matchings
Authors: Lu Hongliang , Ning Bo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWin conjectured that a graph on vertices contains disjoint perfect matchings, if the degree sum of any two nonadjacent vertices is at least , where is even and . In this paper, we prove that Win's conjecture is true for , where is sufficiently large. To show this result, we prove a theorem on ‐factor in a graph under some Ore‐type condition. Our main tools include Tutte's ‐factor theorem, the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker theorem on convex optimization and the solution to the long‐standing 1‐factor decomposition conjecture.
Sequentially embeddable graphs
Authors: Autry Jackson , O'Neill Christopher 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe call a (not necessarily planar) embedding of a graph in the plane sequential if its vertices lie in and the line segments between adjacent vertices contain no interior integer points. In this note, we prove (a) a graph has a sequential embedding if and only if is 4‐colorable and (b) if is planar, then has a sequential planar embedding.
Neurocomputational Changes in Inhibitory Control Associated With Prolonged Exposure Therapy
Authors: Harlé Katia M. , Spadoni Andrea D. , Norman Sonya B. , Simmons Alan N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with inhibitory control dysfunction that extends beyond difficulties inhibiting trauma‐related intrusions. Inhibitory learning has been proposed as a potential mechanism of change underlying the effectiveness of extinction‐based therapies such as prolonged exposure (PE), a first‐line treatment for PTSD. To identify neurocognitive markers of change in inhibitory learning associated with PE, we applied a Bayesian learning model to the analysis of neuroimaging data collected during an inhibitory control task, both before and after PE treatment. Veterans (N = 20) with combat‐related PTSD completed a stop‐signal task (SST) while undergoing fMRI at time points immediately before and after PE treatment. Participants exhibited a small, significant improvement in performance on the SST, as demonstrated by longer reaction times and improved inhibition accuracy. Amplitude of neural activation associated with a signed prediction error (SPE; i.e., the discrepancy between actual outcome and model‐based expectation of needing to stop) in the right caudate decreased from baseline to posttreatment assessment. Change in model‐based activation was modulated by performance accuracy, with a decrease in positive SPE activation observed on successful trials, d = 0.79, and a reduction in negative SPE activation on error trials, d = 0.74. The decrease in SPE‐related activation on successful stop trials was correlated with PTSD symptom reduction. These results are consistent with the notion that PE may help broadly strengthen inhibitory learning and the development of more accurate model‐based predictions, which may thus facilitate change in cognitions in response to trauma‐related cues and help reduce PTSD symptoms.
Anticonsumption beyond consumers: The role of small organic producers in environmentally oriented anticonsumption
Authors: Dalmoro Marlon , de Matos Celso A. , de Barcellos Marcia D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent studies recognize that environmentally oriented anticonsumption gives power to individuals who are willing to express their environmental concerns. Yet, it goes beyond consumers’ decisions and should also include producers’ practices and discourses. In this study, we explore the food system context and the emergence of organic food as a more sustainable and healthy food production mode to describe the role of organic farmers in building social and material arrangements against conventional food production and consumption. Our empirical study involved an interpretative approach based on 29 interviews with Brazilian organic farmers and experts in organic production. The findings indicate that farmers explore two different discursive mechanisms to build arguments that support the hegemonic and conventional food production system. Farmers also perform two sets of supporting practices that allow the construction of an alternative approach to food production and consumption. We conclude that farmers’ discourses and practices build an alternative food system, enabling conventional food anticonsumption. This study contributes to the literature of anticonsumption by expanding the traditional consumer‐centric perspective through the inclusion of the producer perspective.
Upregulation of DKK3 by miR‐483‐3p plays an important role in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer mediated by black raspberry anthocyanins
Authors: Guo Jun , Yang Zhe , Zhou Hongrui , Yue Jiaxin , Mu Teng , Zhang Qiuhua , Bi Xiuli 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is reported that black raspberry (BRB) anthocyanins could act as a potential chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanism by which BRB anthocyanins inhibits the carcinogenesis of CRC cells has not been elucidated. The abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) that target important tumor suppressor genes is usually associated with CRC development. In this study, we explored whether BRB anthocyanins could affect the expression of certain miRNAs in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced CRC mouse model and human CRC cell lines. miRNA microarray analysis was used to determine the differences in miRNA expression between AOM/DSS‐induced mice fed with a diet supplemented without or with BRB anthocyanins. The expression of one particular miRNA, miR‐483‐3p, was found to decrease dramatically in AOM/DSS‐induced mice that were fed with a diet supplemented with BRB anthocyanins. Subsequent quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses showed that the reduced expression of miR‐483‐3p was accompanied by an increased expression of Dickkopf 3 (DKK3), a potential target of miR‐483‐3p as predicted by bioinformatic analysis. The protein and messenger RNA levels of DKK3 were significantly upregulated when the miR‐483‐3p level was reduced by a miR‐483‐3p‐specific inhibitor, suggesting that DKK3 might be the target gene of miR‐483‐3p. In addition, the downstream factors of the DKK3 signaling pathway, which included Wnt/β‐catenin, also played a role in the miR‐483‐3p‐mediated anticancer effect of BRB anthocyanins. Thus, miR‐483‐3p might be a potential target in BRB anthocyanin‐mediated prevention of CRC.
Triple diffusion encoding MRI predicts intra‐axonal and extra‐axonal diffusion tensors in white matter
Authors: Ramanna Sudhir , Moss Hunter G. , McKinnon Emilie T. , Yacoub Essa , Helpern Joseph A. , Jensen Jens H. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo demonstrate how triple diffusion encoding (TDE) MRI can be applied to separately estimate the intra‐axonal and extra‐axonal diffusion tensors in white matter (WM).MethodsUsing a TDE pulse sequence with an axially symmetric b‐matrix, diffusion MRI data were acquired at 3T for 3 healthy adults with an axial b‐value of 4000 s/mm2, a radial b‐value of 307 s/mm2, and 64 diffusion encoding directions. This acquisition was then repeated with the radial b‐value set to 0. A previously proposed theory was applied to these data in order to estimate the intra‐axonal diffusivity and axonal water fraction for each WM voxel. Conventional single diffusion encoding data were also obtained with b‐values of 1000 and 2000 s/mm2, which provided additional information sufficient for determining both the intra‐axonal and extra‐axonal diffusion tensors.ResultsFrom the TDE data, the average intra‐axonal diffusivity in WM was found to be 2.24 ± 0.18 µm2/ms, and the average axonal water fraction was found to be 0.60 ± 0.11. From the 2 diffusion tensors, average WM values were estimated for several compartment‐specific diffusion parameters. In particular, the extra‐axonal mean diffusivity was 1.09 ± 0.19 µm2/ms, the intra‐axonal fractional anisotropy was 0.50 ± 0.14, and the extra‐axonal fractional anisotropy was 0.23 ± 0.13.ConclusionBy using a simple TDE pulse sequence with an axially symmetric b‐matrix, the diffusion tensors for the intra‐axonal and extra‐axonal spaces can be separately estimated in adult WM. This allows one to determine compartment‐specific diffusion properties for these 2 water pools.
Accelerated 129Xe MRI morphometry of terminal airspace enlargement: Feasibility in volunteers and those with alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Ouriadov Alexei , Guo Fumin , McCormack David G. , Parraga Grace 
Published: November 2019

PurposeMulti‐b diffusion‐weighted hyperpolarized inhaled‐gas MRI provides imaging biomarkers of terminal airspace enlargement including ADC and mean linear intercept (Lm), but clinical translation has been limited because image acquisition requires relatively long or multiple breath‐holds that are not well‐tolerated by patients. Therefore, we aimed to accelerate single breath‐hold 3D multi‐b diffusion‐weighted 129Xe MRI, using k‐space undersampling in imaging direction using a different undersampling pattern for different b‐values combined with the stretched exponential model to generate maps of ventilation, apparent transverse relaxation time constant (), ADC, and Lm values in a single, short breath‐hold; accelerated and non‐accelerated measurements were directly compared.MethodsWe evaluated multi‐b (0, 12, 20, 30, and 45.5 s/cm2) diffusion‐weighted 129Xe /ADC/morphometry estimates using acceleration factor (AF = 1 and 7) and multi‐breath sampling in 3 volunteers (HV), and 6 participants with alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).ResultsFor the HV subgroup, mean differences of 5%, 2%, and 8% were observed between fully sampled and undersampled k‐space for ADC, Lm, and values, respectively. For the AATD subgroup, mean differences were 9%, 6%, and 12% between fully sampled and undersampled k‐space for ADC, Lm and values, respectively. Although mean differences of 1% and 4.5% were observed between accelerated and multi‐breath sampled ADC and Lm values, respectively, mean ADC/Lm estimates were not significantly different from corresponding mean ADCM/LmM or mean ADCA/LmA estimates (all P > 0.60 , A = undersampled and M = multi‐breath sampled).ConclusionsAccelerated multi‐b diffusion‐weighted 129Xe MRI is feasible at AF = 7 for generating pulmonary ADC and Lm in AATD and normal lung.
Assessing the feasibility of hyperpolarized 129Xe multiple‐breath washout MRI in pediatric cystic fibrosis
Authors: Couch Marcus J. , Morgado Felipe , Kanhere Nikhil , Kowalik Krzysztof , Rayment Jonathan H. , Ratjen Felix , Santyr Giles 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of hyperpolarized 129Xe multiple‐breath washout MRI in pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) participants with preserved lung function. Fractional ventilation (r), defined as the fractional gas replacement per breath, was mapped using 2 signal models: (1) constant T1 and (2) variable T1 as a function of the hyperpolarized gas washout.MethodsA total of 17 pediatric participants were recruited (mean age 11.7 ± 2.8 years), including 7 children with clinically stable CF and 10 aged‐matched healthy controls. Pulmonary function tests were performed, including spirometry, to measure the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and nitrogen multiple‐breath washout to measure the lung clearance index. Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI was performed during consecutive breaths of air following a single 129Xe inhalation, and fractional ventilation maps were calculated.ResultsThe forced expiratory volume in 1 second was similar in both groups (P = .32), but there was a statistically significant difference in lung clearance index between healthy and CF participants (P = .001). With variable T1 modeling, CF participants had a mean r of 0.44 ± 0.08 and healthy participants had a mean r of 0.37 ± 0.12 (P = .20). With constant T1 modeling, CF participants had a mean r′ of 0.48 ± 0.08, and healthy participants had a mean r′ of 0.43 ± 0.12 (P = .32). Therefore, assuming a constant T1 leads to a relative bias in r of 15.1% ± 6.4% and 20.8% ± 7.4% for CF and healthy participants, respectively (P = .12).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that hyperpolarized 129Xe multiple‐breath washout imaging is feasible in pediatric participants with CF, and inclusion of variable T1 modeling reduces bias in the fractional ventilation measurements.