bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Otodectes cynotis bei der Katze – Therapie mit ätherischen Ölen
Authors: Thoonsen Yvonne 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Anwendung von ätherischen Ölen bei Katzen und Frettchen erfordert sehr viel Fingerspitzengefühl und Vorsicht, ist aber durchaus möglich. Selbst die für diese Tierarten eher „nicht geeigneten“ ätherischen Öle können bei ausreichend niedriger Konzentration, weiten Anwendungsintervallen und kurzer Behandlungsdauer zum Einsatz kommen. Als Trägersubstanz dienen fette Öle wie Johanniskraut- oder Kokosöl. Wie immer „macht auch hier die Dosis das Gift“. Nur Teebaumöl darf auf keinen Fall verwendet werden. Bei achtsamem Umgang können jedoch einige ätherische Öle auch bei streng karnivoren Spezies eine sichere, gut verträgliche Alternative darstellen.
Antiviral Medicinal Plants of Veterinary Importance: A Literature Review
Authors: Zitterl-Eglseer Karin , Marschik Tatiana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractViruses have a high mutation rate, and, thus, there is a continual emergence of new antiviral-resistant strains. Therefore, it becomes imperative to explore and develop new antiviral compounds continually. The search for pharmacological substances of plant origin that are effective against animal viruses, which have a high mortality rate or cause large economic losses, has garnered interest in the last few decades. This systematic review compiles 130 plant species that exhibit antiviral activity on 37 different virus species causing serious diseases in animals. The kind of extract, fraction, or compound exhibiting the antiviral activity and the design of the trial were particularly considered for review. The literature revealed details regarding plant species exhibiting antiviral activities against pathogenic animal virus species of the following families–Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, Poxviridae, Nimaviridae, Coronaviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae–that cause infections, among others, in poultry, cattle, pigs, horses, shrimps, and fish. Overall, 30 plant species exhibited activity against various influenza viruses, most of them causing avian influenza. Furthermore, 30 plant species were noted to be active against Newcastle disease virus. In addition, regarding the pathogens most frequently investigated, this review provides a compilation of 20 plant species active against bovine herpesvirus, 16 against fowlpox virus, 12 against white spot syndrome virus in marine shrimps, and 10 against suide herpesvirus. Nevertheless, some plant extracts, particularly their compounds, are promising candidates for the development of new antiviral remedies, which are urgently required.
Balancing Altered Calcium Metabolism with Bone Health in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Zhou Ying , Lower Elyse E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbnormal calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis patients can lead to hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones. Hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis is usually due to increased activity of 1α-hydroxylase in macrophages of pulmonary granulomata, resulting in low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and high levels of calcitriol. Vitamin D supplementation may be dangerous for some sarcoidosis patients and is recommended only for those with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and reduced or normal calcitriol level. Diagnosis, treatment of osteoporosis, and maintenance of bone health are complex issues for sarcoidosis patients. An approach to diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility is presented.
Sarcoidosis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Huitema Marloes P. , Mathijssen Harold , Mager Johannes J. , Snijder Repke J. , Grutters Jan C. , Post Marco C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-known complication of sarcoidosis, defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure of ≥25 mm Hg. Since both PH and sarcoidosis are rare diseases, data on sarcoidosis-associated PH (SAPH) is retrieved mostly from small retrospective studies. Estimated prevalence of SAPH ranges from 3% in patients referred to a tertiary center up to 79% in patients awaiting lung transplant. Most patients with SAPH show advanced parenchymal disease as the underlying mechanism. However, some patients have disproportional elevated pulmonary artery pressure, and PH can occur in sarcoidosis patients without parenchymal disease. Other mechanisms such as vascular disease, pulmonary embolisms, postcapillary PH, extrinsic compression, and other sarcoidosis-related comorbidities might contribute to SAPH. The diagnosis of PH in sarcoidosis is challenging since symptoms and signs overlap. Suspicion can be raised based on symptoms or tests, such as pulmonary function tests, laboratory findings, electrocardiography, or chest CT. PH screening mainly relies on transthoracic echocardiography. Right heart catheterization should be considered on a case-by-case basis in patients with clinical suspicion of PH, taking into account clinical consequences. Treatment options are considered on patient level in a PH expert center, and might include oxygen therapy, immunosuppressive, or PH-specific therapy. However, qualitative evidence is scarce. Furthermore, in a subset of patients, interventional therapy or eventually lung transplant can be considered. SAPH is associated with high morbidity. Mortality is higher in sarcoidosis patients with PH compared with those without PH, and increases in patients with more advanced stages of sarcoidosis and/or PH.
Debris and Smear Layer Removal from Oval Root Canals Comparing XP-Endo Finisher, EndoActivator, and Manual Irrigation: A SEM Evaluation
Authors: Alakshar Asmaa , Saleh Abdul Rahman Mohammed , Gorduysus Mehmet Omer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess and compare XP-Endo Finisher (XP) cleaning efficiency with respect to the amount of remaining debris and smear layer versus Max-I-Probe needle (CI), EndoActivator device (EA), and combination of XP-Endo Finisher file with EndoActivator device (XP+EA) in oval root canals.
Materials and Methods This in vitro study was performed on 36 extracted single root/canal mandibular premolars. Radiographic images were taken in buccolingual and mesiodistal projections to evaluate the shape of the root canal and determine whether it met exclusion criteria. All teeth were decoronated and prepared using Reciproc (R40). The samples were divided randomly into four groups: CI, EA, XP, and XP + EA. The root canals were irrigated with 5 mL of 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl, respectively. Apart from the CI group, both solutions were activated by using the tested techniques for 1 minute.The teeth were split longitudinally, and the best visible identified sections of the roots were used as the representing samples for scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation. Each half was divided into the following three parts: 1 mm from the anatomic apex and a standardized photomicrograph with 500x and 1500x magnifications for debris and smear layer were obtained. A five-grade scoring system was utilized to quantify the results at the coronal, middle, and apical regions. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests.
Results Group differences in debris and smear layer scores were found statistically significant for all locations as well as for overall assessment, except for the coronal third. Intragroup comparison of debris and smear layer in CI, EA, and XP had the minimum score at the middle third, with no significant difference compared with the coronal and apical thirds. XP + EA had less debris and smear layer score at the coronal third, significantly different from apical third.CI and EA had less debris and smear layer compared with XP and XP + EA at all locations with a significant difference at the middle and apical third (p < 0.05).
Conclusion EA and CI showed less debris and smear layer than XP and XP + EA in the middle and apical third. The use of the XP in conjunction with the present irrigation protocol failed to have debris-free dentin surface in the apical portion of most of the root canals.
Study of the Clinical Efficiency of an Interdisciplinary Approach to the Treatment of Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Patients with Complete or Partial Edentulism
Authors: Dzalaeva Fatima , Chikunov Sergey , Bykova Marina , Deev Mikhail , Okromelidze Mariami 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective The aim of this study is to improve the safety and efficiency of prosthodontic treatment of patients with dental defects. It is necessary to perform a comprehensive assessment of the dentofacial system disorders, including the analysis of the features of pain manifestations. This study also supports to improve the efficiency of prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with complete dental reconstruction on the basis of an assessment of the severity of orofacial pain manifestations.Materials and Methods The study was a single-site prospective open nonrandomized study with the examination and treatment of 452 patients (age = 44.3 ± 15.2 years, including 282 men and 170 women) with partial or total edentulism. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (control) of 218 patients treated with a standard prosthodontic approach and group 2 (study) of 234 patients treated which the proposed interdisciplinary approach to prosthodontic rehabilitation.Results  The study establishes higher safety and clinical efficiency of the proposed interdisciplinary approach. The patients undergoing full-mouth reconstruction with the use of the interdisciplinary approach demonstrated statistically significant decrease in the rate of pain in muscles of the maxillofacial area on palpation, pain, and spasms in the neck area, statistically significantly less frequent pains in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during chewing, pain during opening and closing the mouth.Conclusion The application of the developed comprehensive approach to prosthodontic rehabilitation planning makes it possible to improve essentially the results of treatment at the expense of reduction of pain manifestations in the area of maxillofacial muscles and pain sensations associated with functioning of the TMJ.
Dutch thetic and sentence-focus constructions on the semantics-pragmatics interface
Authors: Belligh Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article studies the various uses of a Dutch thetic and sentence-focus construction, viz. the Syntactic
Inversion with Filler Insertion Construction (henceforth: SIFIC), e.g. Er loopt een man over straat (‘There is a
man walking across the street’). The article investigates whether theticity and sentence-focus are semantically encoded meanings
of the SIFIC or pragmatically inferred senses. SIFIC tokens (N = 750) were extracted from the Dutch SoNaR Corpus
and annotated for five factors. The analysis shows that the SIFIC can have information-structural uses that are diametrically
opposed to theticity and sentence-focus, i.e. topic-comment structure, predicate-focus articulation and categorical judgment. It
is argued that theticity and sentence-focus can therefore not be regarded as the encoded semantics of the SIFIC, but should rather
be analyzed as default senses of the construction. Based on similar cross-linguistic findings the article takes issue with the
assumption that most languages have dedicated thetic and sentence-focus constructions.
Carrot root quality.
Authors: Geoffriau Emmanuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Carrot is considered a healthy vegetable as it is rich in fibre and antioxidant-related compounds and with a low level of kilocalories. Some compounds are involved in both the nutritional and sensory quality. In most cases, carrot quality is highly dependent on the variety. However, environment conditions and growing practices influence carrot composition significantly. Whether for breeding for product quality or for producing carrots with high and stable quality, such influence needs to be better understood and taken into account. This chapter discusses the determinants of carrot quality, focusing on the influence of growing environment (such as area and year of production, sowing date and crop cycle, temperature and soil nature), growing practices (e.g. soil preparation, application of nitrogen, water supply, cover crops and growth stimulators), and cropping systems (conventional and organic). The effects of various stresses, such as water, temperature, salinity, cold, hail and Alternaria dauci infection, on carrot root composition and sensory perception are also discussed.
Normalising the ‘alter-Europe’ or going beyond this Europe? Italian environmental movements’ perspectives on Europe, democracy and the ecological crisis
Authors: Bertuzzi Niccolò 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Based on 19 interviews with key activists, the paper discusses different visions of Europe and democracy within the Italian environmental archipelago. A clear dichotomy has emerged. On the one hand, institutional ENGOs conduct lobbying activities, adapting to different multilevel political opportunities: their attempt is to reform the current structure of the EU, which also contributes to institutionalise the innovative perspectives of ‘another Europe’ advanced by the Global Justice Movement in the early 2000s. On the other hand, grassroots groups suggest going ‘beyond this Europe’, as they are critical of its current geographical borders and political institutions. They normally do so by adopting contentious actions in a domestic dimension. Furthermore, two divergent democratic paradigms can be identified. I propose to call them ecological democracy and green democracy. The latter stands for a conception of the environmental issues as subordinated to, or at least unthinkable outside, the (Western) representative democracy and the gospel of economic growth. Ecological democracy involves a conception of democracy as effective only if based on ecological perspectives, within a vision which stigmatises capitalist economy and the institutions supporting it. These paradigms resonate with the interpretation of the current (ecological) critical juncture as the Anthropocene or as the Capitalocene.
Lagrangian density and local symmetries of inhomogeneous hyperconical universes
Authors: Monjo Robert , Campoamor-Stursberg Rutwig 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hyperconical universes can be represented by means of an inhomogeneous metric with positive curvature and linear expansion, that is isomorphic to flat universes with acceleration thanks to an appropriate transformation. Various symmetry properties of this metric are analysed, primarily at the local scale. In particular, the Lagrangian formalism and the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner (ADM) equations are applied. To this extent, a modified gravity Lagrangian density is derived, from which the comoving paths as solutions of the Euler–Lagrange equations leading to a stationary linear expansion are deduced. It is shown that the evolution of this alternate metric is compatible with the ADM formalism when applied to the modified Lagrangian density, thanks to a redefinition of the energy density baseline (according to the global curvature). Finally, results on symmetry properties imply that only the angular momenta are global symmetries. The radial inhomogeneity of the metric is interpreted as an apparent radial acceleration, which breaks all the non-rotational local symmetries at large distances.
Stability for small data: the drift model of the conformal method
Authors: Vâlcu Caterina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The conformal method in general relativity aims at successfully parametrising the set of all initial data associated with globally hyperbolic spacetimes. One such mapping was suggested by Maxwell D (2014 Initial data in general relativity described by expansion, conformal deformation and drift (arXiv:1407.1467)). For closed manifolds, I verify that the solutions of the corresponding conformal system are stable, in the sense that they present a priori bounds under perturbations of the system’s coefficients. This result holds in dimensions 3 ⩽ n ⩽ 5, when the metric is conformally flat, the drift is small. A scalar field with suitably high potential is considered in this case.
Analysis on influence of the magnetorheological fluid microstructure on the mechanical properties of magnetorheological dampers
Authors: Yang Yang , Xu Zhao-Dong , Xu Yan-Wei , Guo Ying-Qing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) damper is a semi-active control device designed by utilizing the instantaneous fluid-solid conversion characteristics of MR fluid, thus the microstructure of MR fluid fundamentally determines the mechanical properties of MR dampers. In order to study the influence of MR fluid microstructure on the macroscopic mechanical properties of MR dampers, a micro-macro mathematical model for MR dampers was proposed to describe the dynamic properties of MR dampers affected by the microstructure of MR fluid. Firstly, the micromodel of MR fluid was brought into classic quasi-static model and the double-Sigmoid model to propose a mathematical model, which considers the MR fluid microstructure by expressing the yield force parameter in the traditional double-Sigmoid model with the microstructure parameters of MR fluid. By analyzing the data of the performance test of a single-coil MR damper, the parameters of the proposed mathematical model were fitted. The proposed micro-macro model for MR dampers was verified by comparing the results calculated by this model with the performance test data. Based on the proposed micro-macro mathematical model, the nonlinear hysteretic curves with different MR fluid microstructure parameters can be numerically analyzed and compared. Finally, the influences of the volume fraction, size, and coating thickness of ferromagnetic particles on the mechanical properties of MR dampers were revealed and discussed. The research can provide guidance for the preparation and formulation optimization of high-performance MR fluid.
A piezoelectric self-powered active interface for AC/DC power conversion improvement of electromagnetic energy harvesting
Authors: Lombardi G , Lallart M , Kiziroglou M , Yeatman E M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the framework of hybrid energy harvesting for scavenging ambient motion, this paper proposes a cooperative piezoelectricelectromagnetic energy harvesting system to harvest rotational energy. In particular, while the actual process of harvesting energy is accomplished by the electromagnetic device, the piezoelectric element is used for improving the AC/DC conversion efficiency of the former. To do so, a half wave voltage doubler using MOSFETs driven by the piezoelement is employed. The low voltage output (order of magnitude of mV) of the electromagnetic system and the low conversion abilities of the piezoelectric transducer in the proposed mechanical structure justifies the motivation behind this work. Simulations followed by experimental validations are exposed and discussed, highlighting the improvement of energy conversion efficiency of an electromagnetic transducer, giving a power gain of 27 with respect to the DC power obtained with standard silicon diodes.
Electric and thermal spin transfer torques across ferromagnetic/normal/ferromagnetic graphene junctions
Authors: Niu Zhi Ping , Wu Meng Meng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigate the spin transfer torque (STT) driven by electric bias voltages across and temperature gradients through ferromagnetic/normal/ferromagnetic graphene junctions. Due to the unique band structure of the ferromagnetic graphene, there exists two transport regimes: the electron to electron (I) and hole to electron (II) transport. The electric STTs originated from the two regimes have opposite sign and can be reduced by the competition between the two transport processes. On the contrary, the thermal STTs originated from the transport regimes I and II have the same sign and are enhanced when the two regimes coexist. Remarkably, the thermal STT is comparable with the electric STT. Furthermore, the electric and thermal counterpart can be manipulated by the Fermi level. The controllable STT reported here makes the ferromagnetic graphene junction ideal for future spintronics applications.
Tunable adsorption activity of candle soot nanoparticles depending on the flame height*
Authors: Singh Vishvendra Pratap , Vaish Rahul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The candle soot particles were collected from the inner and outer regions of the candle flame and their dye adsorption capacities were compared. The surface area of inner flame particles (IFP) and outer flame particles (OFP) was recorded as 48 and 88 m2 g−1, respectively. The coatings of OFP and IFP were found hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. The adsorptive removal of Methylene blue (MB) (conc. 50 mg l−1) was ∼40% higher with OFP than that of IFP. Similarly, significantly higher adsorption was recorded during the adsorption of ciprofloxacin and detergent for OFP than that of IFP. The pseudo-second-order model is found most suitable to explain the kinetic data of adsorption.
Stepwise nanosphere lithography: an alternate way of fabricating nanostructures
Authors: Myint Ba , Yap Dawn Shu Fen , Ng Vivian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work demonstrates a new nanosphere lithography technique, termed stepwise nanosphere lithography, to create matrices of novel two- and three-dimensional nanostructures. Different sets of nanostructures are placed at desired locations through step-by-step deposition during thermal evaporation onto a substrate surface. Three deposition parameters: (1) number of deposition steps; (2) angle of deposition; and (3) nanosphere mask orientation angle were investigated. By changing these parameters, the ordering, shape, and size of nanostructures were modified accordingly. Two- and three-dimensional nanostructure matrices with different arrangements and symmetries were successfully simulated and fabricated experimentally through a combination of multiple stationary deposition stages with different parameters.
Setting aside arbitral awards in Singapore: due process and good faith obligations
Authors: Campbell Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Singapore Court of Appeal in CMNC v Jaguar Energy has offered clarification on what it identified as an ‘important area of arbitration law’: ie the correct approach to alleged violations of due process by tribunals in their management of the arbitral procedure. The case involved setting aside proceedings in the context of a complex dispute further complicated by the parties’ prior agreement for an expedited procedure. The Court of Appeal judgment takes a robust approach towards alleged due process violations. It emphasizes that the matter must be assessed according to a test of reasonableness and fairness with careful reference to the circumstances, and that courts should be cautious about interfering with a tribunal’s decision-making where there is a rational basis for those decisions. But CMNC v Jaguar Energy is notable for another reason: the presumption by the judge at first instance that there was implied into the arbitration agreement an obligation to arbitrate in good faith. That point may be of particular interest to those from common law jurisdictions where a more general debate over the role of good faith obligations in commercial contracts persists.