bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of mitomycin-C in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with lacrimal sac stenting
Authors: Singh Jogeshwar , Munjal Manish , Puri Sanjeev , Chopra Parth , Munjal Shubham , Garg Akshi , Chopra Hemant , Garg Dinesh 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This study critically evaluates the effectiveness of mitomycin-C in conventional endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (ENDODCR) that minimizes the reclosure of a neo-ostium by retaining an enlarged marsupialized lacrimal sac.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The combined retrospective and prospective study included 24 patients in the study group, who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology in a period of 1.5 years (June 2006 to January 2008). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> An 83.33% primary success rate was observed, without any serious complications. Obstruction of the neo-ostium with granulation tissue was observed in 20.83% cases. Overall, the success rate of group I was 91.67% as compared to 75% in group II.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Intra operative mitomycin-C application is effective in increasing the success rate of DCR surgery in standard nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and no significant complications resulted from its use.</p>
Correlation of ABO blood group phenotype with atrophic rhinitis: an observational study
Authors: Srivastava Abhinav , Bhadouriya Sunil K. S. , Sinha Omkar N. 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Atrophic rhinitis is very common in India. All etiological factors are yet unknown. Many studies have been conducted to find the relationship between ABO blood group and various systemic diseases but limited number of studies has been conducted to determine the association of ABO blood group with atrophic rhinitis. The present study therefore was performed to see the association between atrophic rhinitis and ABO blood group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 100 patients of both genders clinically diagnosed with atrophic rhinitis were included in this study. Patients with nasal obstruction, nasal discharge and foul smelling from causes other than the atrophic rhinitis were excluded from the study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Maximum number of cases 27 (27%) were between 21-30 years of age. The most common presenting symptom in our study was foul smell from nose in 100 cases (100%). Foetors, crusts and roomy nasal cavity were seen in majority of cases. Commonest organism identified in this study was <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> 37% followed by <em>Klebsiella</em> (31%). Out of 100 patients, 42 patients belonged to group O, 40 patients belonged to group B, 14 patients belonged to group A and only 4 patients belonged to group AB. Control population with blood group B comprises the maximum number of cases followed by blood group O. Percentage of patients with blood group O is higher in atrophic rhinitis as compared with control and the percentage of patients with blood group B is slightly higher in atrophic rhinitis as compared with control.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study concluded that no correlation exists between the ABO blood group and atrophic rhinitis.</p>
The surge of Bell’s palsy in COVID - pandemic era
Authors: Srinivas Champion Venkateshalu , Kauser Safina , Sangoli Bhavana 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> COVID-19 is declared as a pandemic by WHO. Bell’s palsy is defined as isolated, sudden, peripheral facial paralysis of unknown etiology. Viral infections are capable of causing facial paralysis through infecting the motor neurons of brainstem, seventh nerve ganglia or through infections of supporting cells of the nerve, along with secondary inflammation and oedema, blocking the nerve function. Similarly, coronaviruses are known to have a neuroinvasive propensity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Our study was aimed to report the increased number of cases of Bell’s palsy in the current COVID pandemic era and to hypothesize the probable role of coronavirus in the pathogenesis of Bell’s palsy. A total of 30 patients presenting with unilateral facial palsy in this COVID era were included in the study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> This prospective analysis of Bell’s palsy cases showed 30 cases in the COVID pandemic era, where the total number of OPD patients were 3720. This shows a percentage of Bell’s palsy cases as 0.8 % when compared to 0.05% in the pre-covid time.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study shows that there might be an effect of COVID-19 virus on the immune status of the individuals along with stress induced reactivation of underlying viral infection.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
A rare case of acrochordon of external auditory canal
Authors: Gowda Chandre Gowda Bendiganahalli Venkate , Kamath Rakshita R. 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract">Independently arising acrochordon of the external auditory canal is a rare entity with only one reported case in literature. We present here the second such case. A 54-yr old lady presented to our outpatient department with complains of aural fullness and reduced hearing in right ear for 2 weeks. Clinical examination showed a pedunculated polypoidal growth in the external auditory canal. Excisional biopsy and histopathology revealed an acrochordon. Following the procedure, patient was free of symptoms and all structures of the right ear were normal. In the head and neck region, acrochordons have only but once been reported in the external auditory canal and hence should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the masses of this region. Resection must be done for confirmation of diagnosis, differentiation from neoplasia and alleviation of symptoms when associated. </p>
Non invasive assessment of the frontal sinus: a review
Authors: Munjal Manish , Puri Sanjeev , Soni Anshu , Kailey Vikramjit , Pooni Navreen , Munjal Shubham , Singh Angad Harshbir 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract">The Frontal sinus with its peculiar mucociliary drainage affected by pathology at the frontal recess necessitates an intervention, medical or surgical. Current review elaborates upon the role of basic imaging in pre treatment evaluation. </p>
An unusual case of extensive chondrosarcoma of nasal septum
Authors: Jain Satish , B. Harikrishan 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract">Chondrosarcoma is a very rare malignant tumour of nasal cavity. It is seen commonly in middle aged men. The definitive treatment is surgical resection with wide margins. Radiation and chemotherapy are reserved for residual or recurrent disease and as palliative treatment. Here we present a case of Grade II mesenchymal chondrosarcoma involving both nasal cavities extending into ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid sinuses with intracranial extension and also its surgical management. </p>
Perceptions and experiences of lifestyle interventions in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a management strategy for symptoms of PCOS.
Authors: Arentz Susan , Smith Caroline A , Abbott Jason , Bensoussan Alan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The international clinical practice guidelines for PCOS emphasize diet and exercise as first-line management of clinical signs and symptoms. This study aimed to describe the patterns, perceptions and experiences of lifestyle interventions for women in the community with self-reported PCOS.
Method
An electronic survey of 493 members of two PCOS consumer support groups, collected by cloud-based Survey Monkey, described women’s types and patterns of diet and exercise, experiences and perceptions of effectiveness. Women were recruited from the Polycystic Ovary Association of Australia (POSAA) and from the Facebook group, PCOS University Research Group. Associations between participants perceptions of effectiveness, and diet types and exercise patterns were assessed using logistic regression. Response bias for the POSAA group was assessed with a continuum of resistance model.
Results
91% of POSAA members and 311 Facebook group members aged 16-50 years responded to the survey . Nearly all women reported adjusting their dietary and exercise practices with the aim to improve their health and/or PCOS (82% and 73% respectively), however less than 13% reported achievement of health goals (12.2% and 8.1% respectively). Low carbohydrate, high protein diets, and vigorous activity were associated with self-perceived effectiveness (r.0.16, p<0.01; r.0.15 p<0.01 and r.0.2 p<0.01 respectively). Barriers for lifestyle interventions included psychosocial factors. Response bias was not assessed for the Facebook group, however self-reported PCOS aligned with prevalence of clinical phenotypes and suggests results are generalizable to clinical populations of women with PCOS, who are responsible for self-directing and administering lifestyle interventions to manage their PCOS.
Conclusions
Perceptions of effectiveness for lifestyle interventions by women with PCOS may be complicated by a lack of rigorous evidence. The strength of recommendations in clinical practice guidelines may be enhanced by clinical trials investigating flexible and feasible lifestyle interventions for women in the community with PCOS.
“Who is watching the watchdog?”: ethical perspectives of sharing health-related data for precision medicine in Singapore
Authors: Lysaght Tamra , Ballantyne Angela , Xafis Vicki , Ong Serene , Schaefer Gerald Owen , Ling Jeffrey Min Than , Newson Ainsley J , Khor Ing Wei , Tai E Shyong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background We aimed to examine the ethical concerns Singaporeans have about sharing health-data for precision medicine (PM) and identify suggestions for governance strategies. Just as Asian genomes are under-represented in PM, the views of Asian populations about the risks and benefits of data sharing are under-represented in prior attitudinal research.Methods We conducted seven focus groups with 62 participants in Singapore from May to July 2019. They were conducted in three languages (English, Mandarin and Malay) and analysed with qualitative content and thematic analysis. Results Four key themes emerged: nuanced understandings of data security and data sensitivity; trade-offs between data protection and research benefits; trust (and distrust) in the public and private sectors; and governance and control options. Participants were aware of the inherent risks associated with data sharing for research. Participants expressed conditional support for data sharing, including genomic sequence data and information contained within electronic medical records. This support included sharing data with researchers from universities and healthcare institutions, both in Singapore and overseas. Support was conditional on the perceived social value of the research and appropriate de-identification and data security processes. Participants suggested that a data sharing oversight body would help strengthen public trust and comfort in data research for PM in Singapore.Conclusion Maintenance of public trust in data security systems and governance regimes can enhance participation in PM and data sharing for research. Contrary to themes in much prior research, participants demonstrated a sophisticated understanding of the inherent risks of data sharing, analysed trade-offs between risks and potential benefits of PM, and often adopted an international perspective.
Prevalence and associated risk factors for childhood strabismus in Lhasa, Tibet, China: a cross-sectional, school-based study
Authors: He Hailong , Fu Jing , Meng Zhaojun , Chen Weiwei , Li Lei , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To estimate the prevalence of strabismus and associated risk factors among grade one school children in Lhasa, Tibet, China.Methods: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) was a cross-sectional, school-based childhood study conducted in Grade one students from primary schools in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and basic systematic examinations were evaluated. A questionnaire survey contained information about children, as well as parents’ information was sent to the corresponding parents of eligible children. The prevalence of strabismus and its 95% confidence interval was estimated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated risk factors.Results: A total of 1942 eligible grade one students were enrolled, of which 1856 participants completed all procedures. The average age was 6.83±0.46 years, 53% of participants were boys and 1762 were the Tibetan Minority. Over all, the prevalence of strabismus was 68/1856(3.7%) (95%CI: 2.81,4.52), with no difference between the ages, genders, ethnics and BMI, while tilt one's head when writing may be a risk factor for strabismus (P=0.004). Strabismus students had the mean best corrected visual acuity 0.16±0.28(LogMAR), over 50% patients with esotropia are hyperopia, participants who have stereopsis impairments showed a significant difference between esotropia and exotropia (P=0.026).Conclusions: The prevalence of strabismus in LCES was 3.7%, higher than previous reports from Chinese childhood epidemiology studies. Strabismus is a common contributing factor to amblyopia. Tilt one's head when writing may be a risk factor. Patients with esotropia are more likely to affect stereopsis and be the refractive state of hyperopia.
Intrinsic laws of k-mer spectra of genome sequences and evolution mechanism of genomes
Authors: Yang Zhenhua , Li Hong , Jia Yun , Zheng Yan , Meng Hu , Bao Tonglaga , Li Xiaolong , Luo Liaofu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

K-mer spectra of DNA sequences contain important information about sequence composition and sequence evolution. We want to reveal the evolution rules of genome sequences by studying the k-mer spectra of genome sequences.

Results

The intrinsic laws of k-mer spectra of 920 genome sequences from primate to prokaryote were analyzed. We found that there are two types of evolution selection modes in genome sequences, named as CG Independent Selection and TA Independent Selection. There is a mutual inhibition relationship between CG and TA independent selections. We found that the intensity of CG and TA independent selections correlates closely with genome evolution and G+C content of genome sequences. The living habits of species are related closely to the independent selection modes adopted by species genomes. Consequently, we proposed an evolution mechanism of genomes in which the genome evolution is determined by the intensities of the CG and TA independent selections and the mutual inhibition relationship. Besides, by the evolution mechanism of genomes, we speculated the evolution modes of prokaryotes in mild and extreme environments in the anaerobic age and the evolving process of prokaryotes from anaerobic to aerobic environment on earth as well as the originations of different eukaryotes.

Conclusion

We found that there are two independent selection modes in genome sequences. The evolution of genome sequence is determined by the two independent selection modes and the mutual inhibition relationship between them.
Clients and professionals elicit long-term care preferences by using ‘What matters to me’: A process evaluation
Authors: Leersum Catharina Margaretha van , Moser Albine , Steenkiste Ben van , Wolf Judith R.L.M. , Weijden Trudy van der 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: ‘What matters to me’ is a five-category preference elicitation tool to assist clients and professionals in choosing long-term care. This study aimed to evaluate the use of and experiences with this tool.Methods: A mixed-method process evaluation was applied. Participants were clients, relatives, and professionals. They were all involved in decision-making on long-term care. Data collection comprised online user activity logs (N=71), questionnaires (N=38), and interviews (N=20). Descriptive statistics was used for quantitative data, and a thematic analysis for qualitative data.Results: Sixty-nine percent of participants completed one or more categories in an average time of 6.9 (±0.03) minutes. The tool was rated 6.63 (±0.88) out of seven in the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). Ninety-five percent experienced the tool as useful in practice. Suggestions for improvement included a separate version for relatives and a non-digital version. Although professionals thought the potentially extended consultation time could be problematic, all participants would recommend the tool to others.Conclusion: ‘What matters to me’ seems useful to assist clients and professionals with preference elicitation in long-term care. Evaluation of the impact on consultations between clients and professionals by using ‘What matters to me’ is needed.
Development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against H7 avian influenza virus
Authors: Li Yuan , Ye Hongliu , Liu Meng , Song Suquan , Chen Jin , Cheng Wangkun , Yan Liping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: H7 subtype avian influenza have caused great concern in the global poultry industry and public health. The conventional serological subtype-specific diagnostics is implemented by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay despite lengthy operation time. In this study, an efficient, rapid and high-throughput competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed for detection of antibodies against H7 avian influenza virus (AIV) based on a novel monoclonal antibody specific to the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of H7 AIV.
Results: The reaction parameters including antigen coating concentration, monoclonal antibody concentration and serum dilution ratio were optimized for H7 antibody detection. The specificity of the cELISA was tested using antisera against H1~H9, H11~H14 AIVs and other avian viruses. The selected cut-off values of inhibition rates for chicken, duck and peacock sera were 30.11%, 26.85% and 45.66% by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, respectively. With HI test as the reference method, the minimum detection limits for chicken, duck and peacock positive serum reached 2 0 , 2 1 and 2 -1 HI titer, respectively. Compared to HI test, the diagnostic accuracy reached 100%, 98.6%, and 99.3% for chicken, duck and peacock by testing a total of 400 clinical serum samples, respectively.
Conclusions: In summary, the cELISA assay developed in this study provided a reliable, specific, sensitive and species-independent serological technique for rapid detection of H7 antibody, which was applicable for large-scale serological surveillance and vaccination efficacy evaluation programs.
Assessment of Immunization data quality of routine reports in Ho Municipality of Volta Region, Ghana
Authors: Asem Livingstone , Ziema Sorengmen Amos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Immunization has been an important public health intervention for preventing and reducing child morbidity and mortality over the years and coverage has increased in the past decades. However, the validity of the data from immunization coverages is usually disputed. Immunization data from health facilities show poor concordance between tallied registers and monthly reports as they are reported to higher levels of the health system. The study assessed the quality of data from routine immunization of some health facilities in the Ho central municipality in the Volta region of Ghana.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to review routine immunization data in tallied registers and reports submitted to the Municipal Health Directorate (MHD) from January to December, 2015. Simple random sampling was used to select three health facilities in Ho central municipality. The World Health Organization (WHO) Data Quality Self-assessment (DQS) tool was the main instrument used to present and analyze data for accuracy and discrepancy level between the tallied registers and reports. A template was created in Microsoft excel which automatically presented accuracy and discrepancy levels when data was entered. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee. Results: The result showed discrepancies between recounted tallies at the facilities and reports submitted to the MHD. Accuracy ratios of 102%, 64% and 94% for Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), Pentavalent (Penta) vaccine dose 3 and Measles 2 respectively indicating underreporting for BCG and over reporting for the rest were obtained. There was 460 over reported data to the municipal level representing accuracy ratio of 80% and discrepancy level of 20%. Conclusions: Immunization data was characterized by underreporting and overreporting, hence not accurate and lacked quality. Immunization data quality should be a priority among health staff at health facilities.
An online survey to explore the awareness and acceptance of geothermal energy among an educated segment of the population in five European and American countries
Authors: Balzan-Alzate Daniel , López-Sánchez Jacqueline , Blessent Daniela , Raymond Jasmin , Dezayes Chrystel , Portela Juan Pablo , Restrepo Estefania Ramírez , Rendón David Moreno , Malo Michel , Goderniaux Pascal , Daniele Linda , Borgne Tanguy Le 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Advances in new technologies and the desire to achieve a sustainable and safe energy supply, enable communities to transition from conventional to renewable resources, such as geothermal energy. Perception and acceptance amongst different audiences have a high impact on the feasibility of energy projects, which is an important aspect to analyze. For this reason, this study focuses on describing the level of awareness and acceptance of deep geothermal energy within an educated segment of the population in five European and American countries (Canada, Colombia, Chile, Belgium, and France) at different stages of geothermal development. This study was conducted through an online survey, which was targeted to post-secondary students and professionals. Some of the most significant conclusions are: 1) there is a high degree of awareness of geothermal energy among the respondents in Chile and Canada, a medium level in Belgium and France, and a low one in Colombia; 2) there is a favorable acceptance of a geothermal project in each country, even when hydraulic stimulation is considered; 3) environmental aspects and community safety are the most important issues that must be addressed to support a pilot geothermal project.