bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of acute treatment with delayed-onset versus rapid-acting antidepressants on effort-related choice behaviour
Authors: Griesius Simonas , Mellor Jack R , Robinson Emma SJ 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Reward-related impairments are common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and may contribute to the loss of interest in pleasurable activities. A novel approach to studying reward-related decision-making are effort-based tasks; however, direct comparisons between delayed-onset and rapid-acting antidepressants (ADs) have not yet been carried out.

Objectives
To investigate the effects of conventional delayed-onset ADs versus rapid-acting ADs, ketamine and scopolamine, on effort-related choice behaviour.

Methods
Female Lister hooded rats were trained in an operant effort for reward task (EfRT) where animals choose between working for a high value-high effort reward and consuming low value-low effort chow. Using a within-subject study design, animals were then tested following acute treatment with different monoaminergic ADs, and the rapid-acting ADs ketamine or scopolamine.

Results
Consistent with previous findings, we found choice behaviour was sensitive to dopaminergic manipulations. We observed that pre-feeding altered choice behaviour and that the use of high or low value reward differentially affected behaviour. Monoamine re-uptake inhibitors and rapid-acting ADs resulted in similar, general patterns of reduced motivation without any evidence for specific effects, and we did not observe any clear differences between these classes of antidepressant.

Conclusions
Motivational changes induced by dopaminergic manipulations and pre-feeding differentially affect effort choice behaviour. However, both conventional delayed-onset ADs and ketamine and scopolamine appear to have detrimental effects on motivation in this task at the higher doses tested without any evidence of specificity for effort-related choice behaviour, in contrast to their specificity in tasks which look at more cognitive aspects of reward processing.
‘Sub-Prime’ Water, Low-Security Entitlements and Policy Challenges in Over-Allocated River Basins: the Case of the Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Moore Harriet Elizabeth , Rutherfurd Ian D. , Peel Murray C. , Horne Avril 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental policy is often implemented using market instruments. In some cases, including carbon taxing, the links between financial products and the environmental objectives, are transparent. In other cases, including water markets, the links are less transparent. In Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), financial water products are known as ‘entitlements’, and are similar to traditional financial products, such as shares. The Australian water market includes ‘Low Security’ entitlements, which are similar to ‘sub-prime’ mortgage bonds because they are unlikely to yield an amount equal to their financial worth. Nearly half the water purchased under the Murray–Darling Basin Plan for environmental purposes is ‘Low Security’. We suggest that the current portfolio of water held by the Australian Government for environmental purposes reflects the mortgage market in the lead-up to the global financial crisis. Banks assumed that the future value of the mortgage market would reflect past trends. Similarly, it is assumed that the future value of water products will reflect past trends, without considering climate change. Historic records of allocations to ‘Low Security’ entitlements in the MDB suggest that, in the context of climate change, the Basin Plan water portfolio may fall short of the target annual average yield of 2075 GL by 511 GL. We recommend adopting finance sector methods including ‘hedging’ ‘Low Security’ entitlements by purchasing an additional 322–2755 GL of ‘Low Security’, or 160–511 GL of ‘High Security’ entitlements. Securing reliable environmental water is a global problem. Finance economics present opportunities for increasing the reliability of environmental flows.
Vertrauenswürdige Kommunikation: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage
Authors: Herrmann Andrea 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDatenschutz ist Vertrauenssache: Ein Kunde vertraut dem Anbieter einer digitalen Dienstleistung personenbezogene und persönliche Daten an und hofft, dass dieser sie erfolgreich beschützt und der Versuchung widersteht, sie zu unlauteren Zwecken zu missbrauchen. Dieses Vertrauen wird immer wieder enttäuscht. Sammelt eine Firma zentral große Mengen personenbezogener Daten ihrer Kunden, so bilden diese den Schatz der Firma, der ggf. verkauft oder gestohlen werden kann.Der einzige sichere Schutz gegen solche Versuchungen besteht darin, eine zentrale Datenansammlung zu vermeiden. Technisch gibt es die Möglichkeit dazu, indem man für Kommunikation und Datenhaltung dezentrale, vertrauenswürdige Peer-to-Peer-Software (P2P) verwendet.Im GI-Radar 249 hat die Gesellschaft für Informatik im Oktober 2019 eine Umfrage zu verschiedenen solchen Technologien durchgeführt. Herzlichen Dank den 148 Teilnehmer*innen, die den Fragebogen vollständig ausgefüllt haben!In diesem Artikel werden zunächst drei Initiativen, dann einige Technologien und zuletzt die Ergebnisse der Umfrage vorgestellt.
Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment
Authors: Januchowski-Hartley Fraser A. , Bauman Andrew G. , Morgan Kyle M. , Seah Jovena C. L. , Huang Danwei , Todd Peter A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlobally, many coral reefs have fallen into negative carbonate budget states, where biological erosion exceeds carbonate production. The compounding effects of urbanization and climate change have caused reductions in coral cover and shifts in community composition that may limit the ability of reefs to maintain rates of vertical accretion in line with rising sea levels. Here we report on coral reef carbonate budget surveys across seven coral reefs in Singapore, which persist under chronic turbidity and in highly disturbed environmental conditions, with less than 20% light penetration to 2 m depth. Results show that mean net carbonate budgets across Singapore’s reefs were relatively low, at 0.63 ± 0.27 kg CaCO3m−2yr−1(mean ± 1 SE) with a range from − 1.56 to 1.97, compared with the mean carbonate budgets across the Indo-Pacific of 1.4 ± 0.15 kg CaCO3m−2yr−1, and isolated Indian Ocean reefs pre-2016 bleaching (~ 3.7 kg CaCO3m−2yr−1). Of the seven reefs surveyed, only one reef had a net negative, or erosional budget, due to near total loss of coral cover (< 5% remaining coral). Mean gross carbonate production on Singapore’s reefs was dominated by stress-tolerant and generalist species, with low-profile morphologies, and was ~ 3 kg m−2yr−1lower than on reefs with equivalent coral cover elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific. While overall these reefs are maintaining and adding carbonate structure, their mean vertical accretion potential is below both current rates of sea level rise (1993–2010), and future predictions under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. This is likely to result in an increase of 0.2–0.6 m of water above Singapore’s reefs in the next 80 yr, further narrowing the depth range over which these reefs can persist.
An update on MSA: premotor and non-motor features open a window of opportunities for early diagnosis and intervention
Authors: Chelban Viorica , Catereniuc Daniela , Aftene Daniela , Gasnas Alexandru , Vichayanrat Ekawat , Iodice Valeria , Groppa Stanislav , Houlden Henry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this review, we describe the wide clinical spectrum of features that can be seen in multiple system atrophy (MSA) with a focus on the premotor phase and the non-motor symptoms providing an up-to-date overview of the current understanding in this fast-growing field. First, we highlight the non-motor features at disease onset when MSA can be indistinguishable from pure autonomic failure or other chronic neurodegenerative conditions. We describe the progression of clinical features to aid the diagnosis of MSA early in the disease course. We go on to describe the levels of diagnostic certainty and we discuss MSA subtypes that do not fit into the current diagnostic criteria, highlighting the complexity of the disease as well as the need for revised diagnostic tools. Second, we describe the pathology, clinical description, and investigations of cardiovascular autonomic failure, urogenital and sexual dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and respiratory and REM-sleep behavior disorders, which may precede the motor presentation by months or years. Their presence at presentation, even in the absence of ataxia and parkinsonism, should be regarded as highly suggestive of the premotor phase of MSA. Finally, we discuss how the recognition of the broader spectrum of clinical features of MSA and especially the non-motor features at disease onset represent a window of opportunity for disease-modifying interventions.
Physiological responses during simulated 16 km recumbent handcycling time trial and determinants of performance in trained handcyclists
Authors: Stone Benjamin , Mason Barry S. , Stephenson Ben T. , Goosey-Tolfrey Vicky L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To characterise the physiological profiles of trained handcyclists, during recumbent handcycling, to describe the physiological responses during a 16 km time trial (TT) and to identify the determinants of this TT performance.

Methods
Eleven male handcyclists performed a sub-maximal and maximal incremental exercise test in their recumbent handbike, attached to a Cyclus II ergometer. A physiological profile, including peak aerobic power output (POPeak), peak rate of oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$V˙O2Peak), aerobic lactate threshold (AeLT) and PO at 4 mmol L−1 (PO4), were determined. Participants also completed a 16 km simulated TT using the same experimental set-up. Determinants of TT performance were identified using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.

Results
Mean values of POPeak = 252 ± 9 W, $$\dot{V}$$V˙O2Peak = 3.30 ± 0.36 L min−1 (47.0 ± 6.8 mL kg−1 min−1), AeLT = 87 ± 13 W and PO4 = 154 ± 14 W were recorded. The TT was completed in 29:21 ± 0:59 min:s at an intensity equivalent to 69 ± 4% POPeak and 87 ± 5% $$\dot{V}$$V˙O2Peak. POPeak (r = − 0.77, P = 0.006), PO4 (r = − 0.77, P = 0.006) and AeLT (r = − 0.68, P = 0.022) were significantly correlated with TT performance. PO4 and POPeak were identified as the best predictors of TT performance (r = 0.89, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
POPeak, PO4 and AeLT are important physiological TT performance determinants in trained handcyclists, differentiating between superior and inferior performance, whereas $$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak was not. The TT took place at an intensity corresponding to 69% POPeak and 87% $$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak.
Direct and indirect surface geochemical methods in petroleum exploration: a case study from eastern part of the Polish Outer Carpathians
Authors: Sechman Henryk , Guzy Piotr , Kaszuba Paulina , Wojas Anna , Machowski Grzegorz , Twaróg Anna , Maślanka Adrianna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between the distributions of direct and indirect, surface geochemical indices in the selected part of the Outer Carpathians. The research included analysis of molecular composition of soil gas samples and calcite contents as well as the measurements of magnetic susceptibility and pH of soil samples. The survey contained 96 soil gas samples collected from 1.2 m depth and 96 soil samples taken from interval 0.7–0.8 m depth. The maximum concentrations of methane, total alkanes C2–C5 and total alkenes C2–C4 were: 2100, 10.43 and 0.772 ppm. The magnetic susceptibility values changed from 3.6 to 21.5 x 10–8 m3/kg. The calcium carbonate contents varied from 0.02 to 29.92 wt% and the pH values measured in soil solutions obtained changed from 4.5 to 8.3. Although the results demonstrate no correlation between the direct soil gas anomalies and the indirect geochemical indicators, the integrated profiles in Fig. 7 suggest possible haloes in the calcite/magnetic data that could be related to hydrocarbons migrating from depth. There are, however, various independent mechanisms that might control the appearance of these mineral anomalies. Secondary changes of mineral composition of soils disclosed by the indirect methods, even if controlled by hydrocarbon migration throughout geological time, might cause some closure of migration pathways, influencing the location of active hydrocarbon migration pathways. Comprehensive interpretation of the results obtained by direct and indirect methods in this paper provides another positive example helping to better understand the complicated mechanism of hydrocarbon migration and the potential usefulness of indirect methods suitable for hydrocarbon exploration.
Cases for the sole effect of the Indian Ocean Dipole in the rapid phase transition of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Yoo Jae-Hwi , Moon Suyeon , Ha Kyung-Ja , Yun Kyung-Sook , Lee June-Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe role of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) in the rapid phase transition of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has received much attention over the last few decades. However, the distinctive role of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and its underlying dynamics in controlling the rapid transition remains debatable, since it is difficult to isolate the sole effect of the IOD using observation. By conducting model experiments, this study demonstrated that the positive IOD cases could contribute to the rapid phase transition from El Niño to La Niña without the assistance of the Indian Ocean Basin–wide Mode. The westerly wind anomalies over the tropical western Pacific induced not only the El Niño phase via descending Kelvin waves in the equatorial eastern Pacific but also the SST cooling in the off-equatorial western Pacific via ascending Rossby waves. The positive feedback between the upwelling Rossby waves and cool SST maintained the Philippine Sea anticyclone anomalies. The accompanying easterly wind anomalies over the tropical western Pacific triggered upwelling oceanic Kelvin waves, leading to the occurrence of La Niña. This study shows the possible role of the IOD in the rapid phase transition of ENSO.
Tackle your Tics: pilot findings of a brief, intensive group-based exposure therapy program for children with tic disorders
Authors: Heijerman-Holtgrefe A. P. , Verdellen C. W. J. , van de Griendt J. M. T. M. , Beljaars L. P. L. , Kan K. J. , Cath D. , Hoekstra P. J. , Huyser C. , Utens E. M. W. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) and other chronic tic disorders (CTD) are prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, which can have a huge burden on families and society. Behavioral treatment is a first-line intervention for tic disorders. Despite demonstrated efficacy, tic reduction and utilization rates of behavioral treatment remain relatively low. Patient associations point to an urgent need for easy-to-undergo treatments that focus both on tic reduction and improvement of quality of life. To enhance treatment outcome and overcome treatment barriers, this pilot study’s aim was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary results of a brief, intensive group-based treatment. Tackle your Tics is a 4-day intensive and comprehensive group-based program for children and adolescents (9–17 years) with a tic disorder, consisting of exposure and response prevention (ERP) treatment and additional supporting components, such as coping strategies, relaxing activities and parent support. Assessments were performed pre- and post-treatment and at 2 months follow-up, to test outcomes on tic severity and quality of life, and explore premonitory urges, emotional and behavioral functioning and treatment satisfaction (N = 14, of whom 13 completed the treatment). Parents and children rated this treatment positive on a treatment satisfaction questionnaire. On tic severity (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale) and quality of life (Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Quality of Life Scale for children and adolescents), improvements between pre-treatment and follow-up were found. Intensive ERP in group format is promising as a feasible treatment to improve both tic severity as well as quality of life. Larger controlled trials are needed to establish its effectiveness.
Über die WTO hinaus — Eckpunkte einer zukunftsfähigen Handelsordnung nach Corona
Authors:   ZG Überblick
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) mit ihren Aufgaben, Handelshemmnisse abzubauen, den internationalen Handel zu liberalisieren und Handelskonflikte zu schlichten, ist stark angeschlagen. In der 25-jährigen Geschichte der Organisation kam es trotz Regelgleichheit zu unterschiedlich erfolgreichen Ländergruppen. Die Schwellen- und Industrieländer zählen zu den Gewinnern, die zudem seit der Finanzkrise 2008 immer stärkere protektionistische Tendenzen aufweisen. Die Corona-Krise verschärft diese Tendenzen noch. Multilaterale Abkommen gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Wichtig ist es, dass Europa seine strukturellen Schwächen abbaut und seine Verhandlungsposition gegenüber China und den USA stärkt.
Negativzinsen, Überschussreserven und Tiering der EZB: Wie stark sind die Banken belastet?
Authors: Klose Jens 
Published: May 2020

ZussamenfassungDie Europäische Zentralbank hat im Juni 2014 ihren Einlagezinssatz erstmals in den negativen Bereich gesenkt. Seitdem ist er in mehreren Stufen bis auf heute −0,5 % gesunken. Banken haben dadurch zunehmend Probleme, ihre Einlagen ohne großes Risiko und nominalen Wertverlust anzulegen. Der negative Einlagezins war aber noch nie die effektive Untergrenze für Einlagen bei der EZB und durch die Entscheidung im September 2019 ist, insbesondere durch das neu eingeführte Tiering-Programm der EZB, der Durchschnittszins sogar gestiegen und nicht etwa gefallen. Durch dieses Programm hat die EZB für Entlastung gesorgt, von der die Banken im Euroraum aber unterschiedlich profitieren.
Adolf Lorenz und sein Mentor Eduard Albert
Authors: Holzer Gerold , Kokešová Helena 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungAm Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts ermöglichte die Reichshauptstadt der k.k. Donaumonarchie, Wien, die Begegnung zweier bedeutender Persönlichkeiten der Medizingeschichte: des Chirurgen Eduard Albert (1841–1900) und dessen Schüler Adolf Lorenz (1854–1946). Beide Männer wiesen vergleichbare Züge auf: Sie stammten aus bescheidenen Verhältnissen, waren außergewöhnlich begabt und sehnten sich nach einer Karriere in der medizinischen Königsdisziplin – der Chirurgie. Beide erreichten in ihren Disziplinen die höchsten Ziele, aber das Spektrum ihrer Interessen war sehr viel breiter angelegt. Über das Leben beider und ihre Kontakte zueinander soll hier berichtet werden. Dabei konnte auch das „Gedenkbuch des Hauses Nr. 528“ von Eduard Albert in Senftenberg ausgewertet werden.
ASEAN and the EU Challenged by “Divide and Rule” Strategies of the US and China Evidence and Possible Reactions
Authors: Chirathivat Suthiphand , Langhammer Rolf J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe US and China have launched attacks upon the coherence of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union (EU) by offering individual member states privileges if they depart from common policies of the two integration schemes. The article describes the motivation behind these offers and the ways how they are addressed to the member states. It sees such “divide and rule” policies as serious challenges for the collective bargaining power the ASEAN and the EU and discusses strategies to counter these challenges. For both the US and China, the authors see economic and political targets as the main motivation. Economically, each of the two countries wants to gain superiority in pathing free ways for their suppliers of technology, goods and services to the markets of the two schemes against the competitive pressure of the other country. Politically, the two schemes have become contested areas in geopolitical struggles between the two countries. For the EU as the more advanced scheme of deep integration, the paper recommends a closer convergence between EU policies and the demand of the electorate, to prefer more cooperation projects over deeper integration steps and to motivate the private sector, in particular foreign investors to stand up against “divide and rule “strategies. For ASEAN, it is important to see the Sino-US conflict as a long term challenge, to prevent the region from becoming a Chinese backyard, and to deepen integration by removing non-tariff barriers to trade within ASEAN.
Trust and Social Control: Sources of Cooperation, Performance, and Stability in Informal Value Transfer Systems
Authors: Gräbner Claudius , Elsner Wolfram , Lascaux Alex 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the functioning of informal value transfer systems through the example of Hawala. By complementing the institutional theory with computational experiments that use the first agent-based model of IVTS, we examine the roles of generalized trust and social control for the emergence, stability, and efficiency of Hawala. We show that both trust and control are necessary, but not sufficient to guarantee its functioning, and that their relationship is time-dependent. The success of Hawala also depends on population size, interaction density, and forgiveness of the agents. Finally, we provide a theoretically grounded operationalization of generalized trust and social control that is applicable to informal exchange systems in general.
Optical design of the multi-wavelength imaging coronagraph Metis for the solar orbiter mission
Authors: Fineschi S. , Naletto G. , Romoli M. , Da Deppo V. , Antonucci E. , Moses D. , Malvezzi A.M. , Nicolini G. , Spadaro D. , Teriaca L. , Andretta V. , Capobianco G. , Crescenzio G. , Focardi M. , Frassetto F. , Landini F. , Massone G. , Melich R. , Nicolosi P. , Pancrazzi M. , Pelizzo M.G. , Poletto L. , Schühle U. , Uslenghi M. , Vives S. , Solanki S.K. , Heinzel P. , Berlicki A. , Cesare S. , Morea D. , Mottini S. , Sandri P. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Castronuovo M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the innovative optical design of the Metis coronagraph for the Solar Orbiter ESA-NASA mission. Metis is a multi-wavelength, externally occulted telescope for the imaging of the solar corona in both the visible and ultraviolet wavelength ranges. Metis adopts a novel occultation scheme for the solar disk, that we named “inverse external occulter”, for reducing the extremely high thermal load on the instrument at the spacecraft perihelion. The core of the Metis optical design is an aplanatic Gregorian telescope common to both the visible and ultraviolet channels. A suitable dichroic beam-splitter, optimized for transmitting a narrow-band in the ultraviolet (121.6 nm, HI Lyman-α) and reflecting a broadband in the visible (580–640 nm) spectral range, is used to separate the two optical paths. Along the visible light optical path, a liquid crystal electro-optical modulator, used for the first time in space, allows making polarimetric measurements.