bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant delayed aortic dilatation after tetralogy of Fallot repair: a case report
Authors: Nishimura Yosuke , Yasutsune Toru , Shimajiri Shohei , Jinzai Yuki , Ikushima Eigo , Kishigami Takehiro , Takigawa Tomoya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Aortic dilatation may occur in some patients even after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The progression rate of the aortic diameter is so slow, and the incidence of aortic dissection is so low that it is suspected that frequent imaging of the aorta may not be necessary.

Case presentation
We describe an asymptomatic 41-year-old man with hypertension in whom aortic dilatation was accidentally discovered 39 years after TOF repair. He underwent ambulatory follow-up without any difficulty for 21 years after the repair. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed significant aortic dilatation (maximum diameter of 88 mm at the sinus of Valsalva), and echocardiography revealed severe aortic regurgitation, which seemed to progress during the last 18 years without any evaluation or follow-up. The Bentall procedure was successfully performed using a valved graft, under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with antegrade cerebral perfusion, and his postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathological examination of ascending aorta specimens revealed severe cystic medial degeneration.

Conclusions
Keeping in mind that a patient with rapid progression of the aortic dilatation after TOF repair exist, periodic follow-up for evaluation of the aorta is essential in patients with TOF.
State level water security indices in Mexico
Authors: Arreguin-Cortes Felipe I. , Saavedra-Horita J. Raul , Rodriguez-Varela J. Manuel , Tzatchkov Velitchko G. , Cortez-Mejia Petronilo E. , Llaguno-Guilberto Oscar J. , Sainos-Candelario Arizabeth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
As tends to be the case in large, developing countries, Mexico is a nation of notable meteorological, hydrographic and social contrasts throughout its territory, which impact the various population strata in different ways. The public administration in Mexico is divided into federal (nationwide), state and municipal levels. In this sense, it is desirable to have water security metrics not only for the country as a whole but also for each state. The current paper seeks to show how these contrasts create different water-security scenarios using pertinent indices. This is particularly relevant for large countries such as Mexico, with approximately two-thirds of its territory in arid or semiarid areas, which face natural water scarcity, and only one-third has a very high relative water abundance.

Results
The concept of the global water security index was adapted to the state level in Mexico and calculated for each Mexican state in accordance with the worldwide analysis methodology proposed by other authors, which considers water availability, accessibility, safety and quality, as well as management. The proposed methodology was applied in a geographic information system environment, and it was used to obtain water security indices for all Mexican states. The states in which the situation was found to be critical, according to the computed global index, are Sonora, Baja California and Guanajuato, followed by Mexico City, Colima, Aguascalientes and Sinaloa.

Conclusions
Although the vast majority of the most vulnerable states and municipalities that have the highest drought risk are located in the north of the country in the Mexican highlands, even southern states such as Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco (which are typically characterized as rainy) have municipalities with a high drought vulnerability degree and are also severely affected by this phenomenon, especially in those years in which El Niño manifests itself, as was the case in 2015. The proposed methodology may serve as an example of how to assess water security using mainly free and officially published information, combined with international comparative country information, especially for countries where such information is limited.
Poor Biological Factors and Prognosis of Interval Breast Cancers: Long-Term Results of Bahçeşehir (Istanbul) Breast Cancer Screening Project in Turkey
Authors: Cabioğlu Neslihan , Gürdal Sibel Özkan , Kayhan Arda , Özaydın Nilüfer , Şahin Cennet , Can Ömür , Özçınar Beyza , Aykuter Gönül , Vatandaş Gülçin , Aribal Erkin , Özmen Vahit 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSEThe Turkish Bahçeşehir Breast Cancer Screening Project was a 10-year, organized, population-based screening program carried out in Bahçeşehir county, Istanbul. Our aim was to examine the biologic features and outcome of screen-detected and interval breast cancers during the 10-year study period.METHODSBetween 2009 and 2019, 2-view mammograms were obtained at 2-year intervals for women aged 40 to 69 years. Clinicopathological characteristics including ER, PR, HER2-neu, and Ki-67 status were analyzed for those diagnosed with breast cancer.RESULTSIn 8,758 screened women, 131 breast cancers (1.5%) were detected. The majority of patients (82.3%) had prognostic stage 0-I disease. Contrarily, patients with interval cancers (n = 15; 11.4%) were more likely to have a worse prognostic stage (II-IV disease; odds ratio [OR], 3.59, 95% CI, 0.9 to 14.5) and high Ki-67 scores (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 0.9 to 11.2). Interval cancers detected within 1 year were more likely to have a luminal B (57.1% v 31.9%) and triple-negative (14.3% v 1%) subtype and less likely to have a luminal A subtype (28.6% v 61.5%; P = .04). Patients with interval cancers had a poor outcome in 10-year disease-specific (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with those with screen-detected cancers (DSS: 68.2% v 98.1%, P = .002; DFS: 78.6% v 96.5%, P = .011).CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest the majority of screen-detected breast cancers exhibited a luminal A subtype profile with an excellent prognosis. However, interval cancers were more likely to have aggressive subtypes such as luminal B subtype or triple-negative cancers associated with a poor prognosis requiring other preventive strategies.
Neratinib Plus Capecitabine Versus Lapatinib Plus Capecitabine in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With ≥ 2 HER2-Directed Regimens: Phase III NALA Trial
Authors: Saura Cristina , Oliveira Mafalda , Feng Yin-Hsun , Dai Ming-Shen , Chen Shang-Wen , Hurvitz Sara A. , Kim Sung-Bae , Moy Beverly , Delaloge Suzette , Gradishar William , Masuda Norikazu , Palacova Marketa , Trudeau Maureen E. , Mattson Johanna , Yap Yoon Sim , Hou Ming-Feng , De Laurentiis Michelino , Yeh Yu-Min , Chang Hong-Tai , Yau Thomas , Wildiers Hans , Haley Barbara , Fagnani Daniele , Lu Yen-Shen , Crown John , Lin Johnson , Takahashi Masato , Takano Toshimi , Yamaguchi Miki , Fujii Takaaki , Yao Bin , Bebchuk Judith , Keyvanjah Kiana , Bryce Richard , Brufsky Adam ,   for the NALA Investigators
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE NALA (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01808573 ) is a randomized, active-controlled, phase III trial comparing neratinib, an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), plus capecitabine (N+C) against lapatinib, a reversible dual TKI, plus capecitabine (L+C) in patients with centrally confirmed HER2-positive, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with ≥ 2 previous HER2-directed MBC regimens. METHODS Patients, including those with stable, asymptomatic CNS disease, were randomly assigned 1:1 to neratinib (240 mg once every day) plus capecitabine (750 mg/m2 twice a day 14 d/21 d) with loperamide prophylaxis, or to lapatinib (1,250 mg once every day) plus capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2 twice a day 14 d/21 d). Coprimary end points were centrally confirmed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). NALA was considered positive if either primary end point was met (α split between end points). Secondary end points were time to CNS disease intervention, investigator-assessed PFS, objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR), clinical benefit rate, safety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS A total of 621 patients from 28 countries were randomly assigned (N+C, n = 307; L+C, n = 314). Centrally reviewed PFS was improved with N+C (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.93; stratified log-rank P = .0059). The OS HR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.07; P = .2098). Fewer interventions for CNS disease occurred with N+C versus L+C (cumulative incidence, 22.8% v 29.2%; P = .043). ORRs were N+C 32.8% (95% CI, 27.1 to 38.9) and L+C 26.7% (95% CI, 21.5 to 32.4; P = .1201); median DoR was 8.5 versus 5.6 months, respectively (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.74; P = .0004). The most common all-grade adverse events were diarrhea (N+C 83% v L+C 66%) and nausea (53% v 42%). Discontinuation rates and HRQoL were similar between groups. CONCLUSION N+C significantly improved PFS and time to intervention for CNS disease versus L+C. No new N+C safety signals were observed.
The Role of Age and Excess Body Mass Index in Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in At-Risk Adults
Authors: Ferrara Christine T , Geyer Susan M , Evans-Molina Carmella , Libman Ingrid M , Becker Dorothy J , Wentworth John M , Moran Antoinette , Gitelman Stephen E , Redondo Maria J ,   Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Given the global rise in both type 1 diabetes incidence and obesity, the role of body mass index (BMI) on type 1 diabetes pathophysiology has gained great interest. Sustained excess BMI in pediatric participants of the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (PTP) cohort increased risk for progression to type 1 diabetes, but the effects of age and obesity in adults remain largely unknown.

Objective
To determine the effect of age and sustained obesity on the risk for type 1 diabetes in adult participants in the TrialNet PTP cohort (i.e., nondiabetic autoantibody-positive relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes).

Research Design and Methods
Longitudinally accumulated BMI &gt;25 kg/m2 was calculated to generate a cumulative excess BMI (ceBMI) for each participant, with ceBMI values ≥0 kg/m2 and ≥5 kg/m2 representing sustained overweight or obese status, respectively. Recursive partitioning analysis yielded sex- and age-specific thresholds for ceBMI that confer the greatest risk for type 1 diabetes progression.

Results
In this cohort of 665 adults (age 20 to 50 years; median follow-up, 3.9 years), 49 participants developed type 1 diabetes. Age was an independent protective factor for type 1 diabetes progression (hazard ratio, 0.95; P = 0.008), with a threshold of &gt;35 years that reduced risk for type 1 diabetes. In men age &gt;35 years and women age &lt;35 years, sustained obesity (ceBMI ≥5 kg/m2) increased the risk for type 1 diabetes.

Conclusions
Age is an important factor for type 1 diabetes progression in adults and influences the impact of elevated BMI, indicating an interplay of excess weight, age, and sex in adult type 1 diabetes pathophysiology.
Introduction
Authors: Ghabrial Sarah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The main intervention of this special section is to identify and reposition race and colonial law as (conspicuously) absent referents in widely accepted genealogies of the state of exception—most notably, that of Giorgio Agamben—and to offer methodological pathways, based on historical and contemporary examples, of how colonial legal histories might be “written back” into this history. Collectively, these essays attempt to show how race thinking and exception each operate as the other's alibi: exception instantiating and substantiating race difference, and race difference justifying exception and ushering its expansion and normalization in steadily more realms of law and life. In so doing, this special section proposes at least three possible avenues of further inquiry, each of which builds on and into the other: First, by virtue of their geographic and temporal scope, these essays signal a way of approaching sovereignty and exception not as totalizing and synthetic, but rather as multivalent, recursive, and regenerative. Second, the designation of “partial personhood” or “disabled citizenship” is offered as a way of conceptually traversing trans-Mediterranean and trans-Atlantic historical experiences and legal traditions. Third, these essays signal the need for more sustained exploration at the nexus of law, labor, and violence.
Evaluation of the Competitive Environment in the Market for Medical Services: View of Consumers
Authors: Davydovich Anna 
Published: July 2020

The article presents the assessment of the competitive environment in the market of medical services (on the example of Krasnodar region) using the main criteria of consumer behaviour, such as the degree of public satisfaction with the level of prices for medical services, the quality and accessibility of health services; identified the main factors affecting consumer choice of medical organization; provided direction to improve the situation on the market of medical services.
The purpose of the study is to assess the state of the competitive environment in the medical services market using the main criteria of consumer behavior (for example, in the Krasnodar region).
The achievement of the research goal predetermined the formulation and consistent solution of the following interrelated tasks:
	analyze the state of the competitive environment in the medical services market of the Krasnodar territory;
	determine the factors that influence the consumer's choice of primary care organizations; the level of consumer satisfaction with the availability of primary care organizations, the quality and cost of medical services;
	based on the results of the study, assess the state of the competitive environment in the medical services market of the Krasnodar territory.
When compiling a review of literature sources on the research topic, the method of content analysis was used. Analytical results of assessing the state of the competitive environment in the medical services market of the Krasnodar territory were obtained using statistical and sociological research methods – a survey and survey of medical services consumers.
The results obtained during the research will be useful in the development of strategic documents and initiatives to create a favorable competitive environment in the medical services market of the Krasnodar region.
Polityczne i ekonomiczne problemy rozwoju strefy euro
Authors: Kupczyk Radosław 
Published: July 2020

Political and Economic Problems of the Euro Area Development
The aim of the article is to examine how political and economic changes introduced in the field of economic governance as a result of the economic crisis will affect the effectiveness of economic policy at the supranational level. The first part presents problems related to the political conditions of the functioning of the euro area. In the second part, proposals for institutional changes affecting the improvement of economic policy coordination were analysed. The research was based on the theory of the optimal currency area using the system method.
Strategic Risk Shifting and the Idiosyncratic Volatility Puzzle: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Chen Zhiyao , Strebulaev Ilya A. , Xing Yuhang , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2020

We find strong empirical support for the risk-shifting mechanism to account for the puzzling negative relation between idiosyncratic volatility and future stock returns. First, equity holders take on investments with high idiosyncratic risk when their firms are in distress and receive less monitoring from institutional holders as well as when the aggregate economy is in a bad state. Second, the strategically increased idiosyncratic volatility decreases equity betas, particularly in bad states when the market risk premium is high. The negative covariance between the equity beta and the market risk premium causes low and negative returns and alphas in firms with high idiosyncratic volatility. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
Stratification of the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Elderly Women at Rest
Authors: Materko Wollner , Freires Fernandes Daianne , Pereira da Silva Pena Francineide 
Published: July 2020

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is frequent and associated with high cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of the present study was to stratify the T2DM using a logistic model based on parameters derived from heart rate variability (HRV). This study was designed as a cross-sectional study of consisted of thirty elderly women subjects 60 to 70 yrs of age with diagnosed with T2DM (N = 15) and healthy (N = 15). All subjects were instructed to lie in the supine position for 5 min at rest while breathing normally with a heart rate monitor Polar RS810 working at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz was used to record RR intervals (RRi). The HRV analysis in the time domain was performed to obtain the classical parameters pNN50, SDNN, RMSSD and MeanRRi and, subsequently, re-sampling procedure to bootstrapping based on 1000 samples. The model for predicting T2DM was obtained by backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression assuming as independent variable MeanRRi. This model presented 0.80 positive predictive value, 0.73 negative predictive value and 0.76 total accuracy. In conclusion, the use of the proposed MeanRRi parameter measured at rest seems to be able to stratify the T2DM in elderly women. The benefits of HRV monitoring the severity of T2DM should be potential as a reliable and non-invasive.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Cryptography
Authors: Blackledge Jonathan , Mosola Napo 
Published: July 2020

This paper considers some recent advances in the field of Cryptography using Artificial Intelligence (AI) It specifically considers the applications of Machine Learning (ML) and Evolutionary Computing (EC) concepts used to generate ciphers. A short overview is given on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and the principles of Deep Learning (DL) using Deep ANNs. In this context, the paper considers: (i) the implementation of EC and ANNs to generate unique and unclonable ciphers; (ii) ML strategies for detecting the genuine randomness (or otherwise) of binary streams for applications in Cryptanalysis. The paper aims to provide an overview on how AI can be applied for encrypting data and undertaking cryptanalysis of such data and other encrypted data classes in order to assess the cryptographic strength of an encryption algorithm. For example, to detect patterns of intercepted data streams that are signatures of encrypted data. An application is presented which includes authentication of high-value documents such as bank notes, using smartphones. Using an antenna of a smartphone to read (in the near field) an embedded flexible integrate circuit with a non-programmable coprocessor, ultra-strong encrypted information can be used on-line for validation.
Homogeneous Finsler spaces with exponential metric
Authors: Shanker Gauree , Kaur Kirandeep 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We prove the existence of an invariant vector field on a homogeneous Finsler space with exponential metric, and we derive an explicit formula for the S-curvature of a homogeneous Finsler space with exponential metric. Using this formula, we obtain a formula for the mean Berwald curvature of such a homogeneous Finsler space.
Optimal control of timed event graphs with resource sharing and output-reference update
Authors: Schafaschek Germano , Hardouin Laurent , Raisch Jörg 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Timed event graphs (TEGs) are a subclass of timed Petri nets that model synchronization and delay phenomena, but not conflict or choice. We consider a scenario where a number of TEGs share one or several resources and are subject to changes in their output-reference signals. Because of resource sharing, the resulting overall discrete event system is not a TEG. We propose a formal method to determine the optimal control input for such systems, where optimality is in the sense of the widely adopted just-in-time criterion. Our approach is based on a prespecified priority policy for the TEG components of the overall system. It builds on existing control theory for TEGs, which exploits the fact that, in a suitable mathematical framework (idempotent semirings such as the max-plus or the min-plus algebra), the temporal evolution of TEGs can be described by a set of linear time-invariant equations.
China und Hongkong am Scheideweg
Authors: Cantoni Davide 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie andauernden Demonstrationen in Hongkong, die als Proteste gegen eine Änderung des Auslieferungsgesetzes begannen, haben sich zu einer umfassenden Demokratie- und Freiheitsbewegung ausgeweitet. In Festlandchina gab es dagegen in den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten keine flächendeckenden Unruhen. Davide Cantoni, der auf der Tagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2019 in Leipzig mit dem Hermann-Heinrich-Gossen-Preis ausgezeichnet wurde, hat dort in einem „Keynote speech“ anhand aktueller Forschungsbeispiele dargelegt, wie es dem chinesischen Staat gelingt, mit Wirtschaftswachstum, Zensur und Propaganda die Demokratiebestrebungen gering zu halten. Auf der Leipziger Rede fußt dieser Beitrag. Für Hongkong zeigt Cantoni, welche Einstellungen, Überzeugungen und Präferenzen die Teilnehmer der politischen Bewegung der vergangenen Jahre aufweisen.
Aircraft Noise and Land Use Zoning Compatibility around the Juan Santamaría Airport, Costa Rica
Authors: Rivera Acevedo José Miguel , Agüero Valverde Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the noise generated by aeronautical operations around Juan Santamaría Airport and its compatibility with the land use and the proposed zoning around the airport. Aircraft noise can produce discomfort, interference with daily activities, and excessive vibrations; hence, land use planning around airports is of importance.
Maps were prepared through computational models representing the noise levels generated by the operations of the airport. The operations were analyzed by aircraft type, schedules, and flight tracks, for 2013 and projections for: 2016, 2026, and 2036. Noise level data were collected with a sound level meter at 28 points surrounding the airport.
Comparing the annual maps of 2013 and 2036 it was determined that 41,24 % of the analyzed area will present clearly perceivable increases (5 dB(A) to 10 dB(A)), and 1,36 % of the area will have double loudness increases (10 dB(A) to 14 dB(A)).
The 2016 maps show locations where it is recommended to incorporate solutions in the construction regulation that reduce between 25 dB and 30 dB in the residential and scholar areas located within 65 dB(A) and 70 dB(A), such as Coco, Rincón Monge, Rincón Herrera, and Bajo Sorda. This finding is supported by field measurements.
The proposed zoning was contrasted against the yearly day-night average sound level of 2036. The biggest issue of excessive aircraft noise is located near the west runway where a range above the 75 dB(A) is expected. Any edification of permanent residence must be banned in here.