bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensidade do vento de dois ciclones tropicais obtida por diferentes conjuntos de dados
Authors: Souza Christie Andre , Reboita Michelle Simões 
Published: April 2020

Os ciclones tropicais quando atingem ventos com intensidade igual ou superior a 119 km/h desenvolvem uma estrutura conhecida como olho em seu centro. Já os ventos mais intensos do sistema são encontrados imediatamente após o olho. Num estudo recente para os ciclones Haiyan e Haima foi levantada a questão da qualidade dos dados do Global Forecast System (GFS) em representar os ventos uma vez que os ventos máximos apareceram no olho do sistema. Diante disso, esse estudo tem como objetivo avaliar como diferentes conjuntos de dados (GFS, ERA5, ERA-Interim e CCMP) representam os ventos nesses dois ciclones tropicais. A ERA5 e o GFS mostram ventos mais intensos nos ciclones do que os outros dois conjuntos de dados. Todos, exceto o GFS, mostram claramente ventos mais fracos no olho dos ciclones. Wind intensity of two tropical cyclones obtained by different data sets A B S T R A C TWhen the tropical cyclones reach winds with intensity equal or higher than 119 km/h, they develop a structure known as the eye at its center. The strongest winds in the system are found immediately after the eye. In a recent study for Haiyan and Haima cyclones, the question of the quality of the Global Forecast System (GFS) data in representing the winds once the maximum winds appeared in the system eye was raised. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate how different data sets (GFS, ERA5, ERA-Interim and CCMP) represent the winds in these two tropical cyclones. ERA5 and GFS show cyclones with more intense winds than the other datasets. Except the GFS, the other data clearly show weaker winds in the cyclone eye.Keywords: analyzes; cyclones; meteorology; reanalysis
ANÁLISE DO IMPACTO DA CORREÇÃO ATMOSFÉRICA NO CÁLCULO DO ÍNDICE DE VEGETAÇÃO POR DIFERENÇA NORMALIZADA A PARTIR DE IMAGEM LANDSAT 8/OLI
Authors: Francisco Cristiane Nunes , Ruiz Paulo Roberto da Silva , Almeida Cláudia Maria de , Gruber Nina Cardoso , Anjos Camila Souza dos 
Published: April 2020

As operações aritméticas efetuadas entre bandas espectrais de imagens de sensoriamento remoto necessitam de correção atmosférica para eliminar os efeitos atmosféricos na resposta espectral dos alvos, pois os números digitais não apresentam escala equivalente em todas as bandas. Índices de vegetação, calculados com base em operações aritméticas, além de caracterizarem a vegetação, minimizam os efeitos da iluminação da cena causados pela topografia. Com o objetivo de analisar a eficácia da correção atmosférica no cálculo de índices de vegetação, este trabalho comparou os Índices de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI), calculados com base em imagens corrigidas e não corrigidas de um recorte de uma cena Landsat 8/OLI situado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que o NDVI calculado pela reflectância, ou seja, imagem corrigida, apresentou o melhor resultado, devido ao maior discriminação das classes de vegetação e de corpos d'água na imagem, bem como à minimização do efeito topográfico nos valores dos índices de vegetação. Analysis of the atmospheric correction impact on the assessment of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for a Landsat 8 oli image A B S T R A C TThe image arithmetic operations must be executed on previously atmospherically corrected bands, since the digital numbers do not present equivalent scales in all bands. Vegetation indices, calculated by means of arithmetic operations, are meant for both targets characterization and the minimization of illumination effects caused by the topography. With the purpose to analyze the efficacy of atmospheric correction in the calculation of vegetation indices with respect to the mitigation of atmospheric and topographic effects on the targets spectral response, this paper compared the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) calculated using corrected and uncorrected images related to an inset of a Landsat 8 OLI scene from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The result showed that NDVI calculated from reflectance values, i.e, corrected images, presented the best results due to a greater number of vegetation patches and water bodies classes that could be discriminated in the image, as well the mitigation of the topographic effect in the vegetation indices values.Keywords: remote sensing, urban forest, atmospheric correction.
Theory of Heat Exchange in Pipes With Turbulators With d/D = 0.95 ÷ 0.90 And t/D = 0.25 ÷ 1.00, and Also in Rough Pipes, by Air With Great Reynold’s Numbers Re = 106
Authors: Evgenjevich Lobanov Igor 
Published: April 2020

Mathematical modeling of heat exchange in air in pipes with turbulators with d / D = 0.95 ÷ 0.90 and t / D = 0.25 ÷ 1.00, as well as in rough pipes, with large Reynolds numbers (Re = 106). The solution of the heat exchange problem for semicircular cross-section flow turbulizers based on multi-block computing technologies based on the factorized Reynolds equations (closed using the Menter shear stress transfer model) and the energy equation (on multi-scale intersecting structured grids) was considered. This method was previously successfully applied and verified by experiment in [1-4] for lower Reynolds numbers. The article continues the computational studies initiated in [1-4,25-27].
Controlled Carbonitriding and Simulation of Carbonitriding Process
Authors: Skalecki M. G. , Klümper-Westkamp H. , Winter K.-M. , Zoch H.-W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbonitriding serves to improve the properties of steel components. The carbon and nitrogen content and the microstructure comprising martensite, retained austenite, and finely distributed nitrides and carbides are significant parameters determining the properties of a component. Our present knowledge posits that these multi-phase microstructures represent optimal material conditions. The reliability of a process is strongly dependent on the process control. Previous studies examined the use of ammonia sensors in the exhaust gas to determine atmospheric nitrogen potemtial. Such measurements were used to establish the equilibrium ratios in the austenite. Phase diagrams were also found for corresponding alloy systems in order to determine maximum solubilities and precipitation in the presence of interacting carbon and nitrogen content. To further improve the reliability of carbonitriding, this final project discusses the simulation of carbon and nitrogen profiles and the precipitation state of carbides and nitrides in order to develop further controlled carbonitriding towards ensuring the reliable results of heat treatment processes.
PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI SEBAGAI MEDIA BANTU EDUKASI AGAMA ISLAM UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Guntoro Guntoro Barovih 
Published: April 2020

Penggunaan teknologi dalam kegiatan belajar menjadi sangat penting, karena pemanfaatan teknologi, perangkat lunak dalam kegiatan belajar sangat membantu para pengajar dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran serta mendorong minat siswa dalam belajar. TPA Darul Quddus unit 232 merupakan mitra dalam kegiatan PKM ini, dimana dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajarnya masih menggunakan cara pembelajaran yang konvensional tanpa memanfaatkan teknologi dan perangkat lunak pembelajaran sehingga terkesan monoton dan membosankan bagi anak-anak generasi alpha. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah mengedukasikan penggunaan teknologi dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan langsung pada tenaga pengajar dan siswa, wawancara dan pengujian pre test dan post test pada tenaga pengajar. Luaran dari pengabdian ini menghasilkan 2 aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis desktop dan mobile, 1 aplikasi multimedia dan 1 aplikasi manajemen tata kelola TPA. Hasil pengukuran pre test dan post test ternjadi peningkatan kemampuan, penguasaan dan pemanfaatan teknologi dan perangkat lunak dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar.
РЕЦЕПЦИЯ ВОЙНЫ И ХОЛОКОСТА В СОВЕТСКОЙ ПОСЛЕВОЕННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ: ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ПОВЕСТЬ А. ЦЕССАРСКОГО «ЗАПИСКИ ПАРТИЗАНСКОГО ВРАЧА»
Authors: Sukovata Victoria 
Published: April 2020

Статья посвящена анализу художественных рецепций Холокоста в советской литературе первых послевоенных десятилетий на примере документальной повести Альберта Цессарского «Записки партизанского врача» (1956). А. Цессарский был врачом в советском партизанском отряде «Победители», в котором против нацистов воевало много знаменитых советских чекистов, спортсменов и профессиональных диверсантов, которые благодаря книгам и фильмам о них впоследствии стали частью советской «массовой мифологии» (Д. Медведев, Н. Кузнецов). В предложенной статье повесть Цессарского проанализирована на нескольких уровнях: с точки зрения ее жанрового, содержательного и тематического своеобразия; с позиций существующей традиции исторического исследования советского партизанского движения; в контексте стремления воевавших и выживших зафиксировать свой опыт войны и оккупации в текстах (как правило, в художественных), вследствие чего в советской литературе получает распространение жанр «военной повести», включающей, в том числе, тему Холокоста. В своей повести автор стремился отобразить все сферы военной и повседневной жизни советских партизан, в частности, уделяя особое внимание разным аспектам своей профессиональной деятельности врача, духовным и гендерным вопросам в партизанском отряде, отношению местного украинского и польского населения к советским партизанам, а также восприятию Холокоста и его жертв рядовыми партизанами, их командирами и местным населением. Ценность изучения повести Цессарского состоит в том, что в ней представлено одно из первых свидетельств Холокоста в Украине, а также осмысление этого геноцида. Новизна статьи обусловлена тем, что повесть Цессарского впервые стала предметом исследования как явление советской послевоенной культуры, как документальное свидетельство Холокоста на советской территории, а также как отображение опыта войны и сопротивления советского еврея-партизана в формате послевоенной литературы.
D-Galactose Induced Changes in Enzymatic Antioxidant Status in Rats of Different Ages
Authors: HADZI-PETRUSHEV N. , STOJKOVSKI V. , MITROV D. , MLADENOV M. 
Published: April 2020

Considering the preexisting influence of the process of natural aging on antioxidant enzymes activity and the level of lipid peroxidation, the age of the rats at which D-galactose (D-gal) treatment is started could strongly impact the development of D-gal induced senescence. To evaluate this, we subjected 1, 3 and 15 months old rats to D-gal treatment in parallel with having appropriate placebos (0.9 % saline). Our results showed elevated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and no significant changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity or malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in relation to natural aging. In mature and aged senescent livers we observed positive correlation between increased ratio R=SOD/(GPx+CAT) and increased MDA concentration. MDA levels seemed to correlate positively with the age of the animals at which D-gal treatment had started. In the case of 3 and 15 months old rats there was D-gal induced decrease in SOD and GR activity, but this effect of the treatment was not observed in 1 month old rats. Our results imply that the changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities are not only under the influence of the D-gal overload, but also depend on the developmental stage of the rats. According to our results, with regard to enzymatic antioxidant capacity and the level of lipid peroxidation, the best age for induction of senescence is somewhere after the third month.
Regulation of Transepithelial Ion Transport in the Rat Late Distal Colon by the Sympathetic Nervous System
Authors: ZHANG X. , LI Y. , ZHANG X. , DUAN Z. , ZHU J. 
Published: April 2020

The colorectum (late distal colon) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, and many colorectal diseases are related to disorders of the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic regulation of colorectal ion transport is rarely reported. The present study aims to investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) in the normal and catecholamine-depleted condition to clarify the regulation of the sympathetic adrenergic system in ion transport in the rat colorectum. NE-induced ion transport in the rats colorectum was measured by short-circuit current (Isc) recording; the expression of β-adrenoceptors and NE transporter (NET) were quantified by real-time PCR, and western blotting. When the endogenous catecholamine was depleted by reserpine, the baseline Isc in the colorectum was increased significantly comparing to controls. NE evoked downward ΔIsc in colorectum of treated rats was 1.8-fold of controls. The expression of β2-adrenoceptor protein in the colorectal mucosa was greater than the control, though the mRNA level was reduced. However, NET expression was significantly lower in catecholamine-depleted rats compared to the controls. In conclusion, the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in regulating basal ion transport in the colorectum. Disorders of sympathetic neurotransmitters result in abnormal ion transport, β-adrenoceptor and NET are involved in the process.
Proportions of Myosin Heavy Chain mRNAs, Protein Isoforms and Fiber Types in the Slow and Fast Skeletal Muscles Are Maintained After Alterations of Thyroid Status in Rats
Authors: SOUKUP T. , DIALLO M. 
Published: April 2020

Recently, we have established that slow soleus (SOL) and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of euthyroid (EU) Lewis rats posses the same proportions between their four myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNAs, protein isoforms and fiber types as determined by real time RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE and 2-D stereological fiber type analysis, respectively. In the present paper we investigated if these proportions are maintained in adult Lewis rats with hyperthyroid (HT) and hypothyroid (HY) status. Although HT and HY states change MyHC isoform expression, results from all three methods showed that proportion between MyHC mRNA-1, ‑2a, -2x/d, -2b, protein isoforms MyHC-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b and to lesser extent also fiber types 1, 2A, 2X/D, 2B were preserved in both SOL and EDL muscles. Furthermore, in the SOL muscle mRNA expression of slow MyHC-1 remained up to three orders higher compared to fast MyHC transcripts, which explains the predominance of MyHC-1 isoform and fiber type 1 even in HT rats. Although HT status led in the SOL to increased expression of MyHC-2a mRNA, MyHC-2a isoform and 2A fibers, it preserved extremely low expression of MyHC-2x and -2b mRNA and protein isoforms, which explains the absence of pure 2X/D and 2B fibers. HY status, on the other hand, almost completely abolished expression of all three fast MyHC mRNAs, MyHC protein isoforms and fast fiber types in the SOL muscle. Our data present evidence that a correlation between mRNA, protein content and fiber type composition found in EU status is also preserved in HT and HY rats.
Pengaruh Waktu dan Suhu terhadap Proses Pengeringan Bawang Merah menggunakan Tray Dryer
Authors: Manfaati Rintis , Baskoro Hibah , Rifai Muhammad Muhlis 
Published: April 2020

Peningkatan produksi bawang merah akan membuat stok melimpah dan harga bawang merah akan turun. Produk olahan bawang merah bertujuan untuk memperpanjang daya simpan dan meningkatkan nilai tambah. Salah satu metoda pengolahan dan pengawetan makanan adalah melalui pengeringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui suhu dan waktu pengeringan optimum serta laju pengeringan bawang merah menggunakan Tray dryer. Pada penelitian ini suhu pengeringan divariasikan pada range 50 -70oC, waktu pengeringan pada range 4-8 jam dan laju udara pengeringan 2,0 m/s . Analisis yang dilakukan terhadap produk adalah nilai kadar air menggunakan metode Gravimetri, kadar abu menggunakan metode pengabuan langsung/kering, dan kadar protein menggunakan metode Kjehdahl. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu optimum pengeringan bawang merah menggunakan Tray dryer adalah 70˚C dan waktu optimum pengeringan adalah 7 jam. Produk pengeringan memiliki nilai kadar air sebesar 4%, kadar abu 3,95%, dan kadar protein 2,3%.
A 1201 s Orbital Period Detached Binary: The First Double Helium Core White Dwarf LISA Verification Binary
Authors: Brown Warren R. , Kilic Mukremin , Bédard A. , Kosakowski Alekzander , Bergeron P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We report the discovery of a 1201 s orbital period binary, the third shortest-period detached binary known. Sloan Digital Sky Survey J232230.20 + 050942.06 contains two He-core white dwarfs orbiting with a 27° inclination. Located 0.76 kpc from the Sun, the binary has an estimated Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) 4 yr signal-to-noise ratio of 40. J2322 + 0509 is the first He + He white dwarf LISA verification binary, a source class that is predicted to account for one-third of resolved LISA ultra-compact binary detections.
Serotonin (5-HT) Shapes the Macrophage Gene Profile through the 5-HT2B–Dependent Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
Authors: Nieto Concha , Rayo Ignacio , de las Casas-Engel Mateo , Izquierdo Elena , Alonso Bárbara , Béchade Catherine , Maroteaux Luc , Vega Miguel A. , Corbí Ángel L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Macrophages can either promote or resolve inflammatory responses, and their polarization state is modulated by peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]). In fact, pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages differ in the expression of serotonin receptors, with 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 expression restricted to M-CSF–primed monocyte-derived macrophages (M-MØ). 5-HT7 drives the acquisition of profibrotic and anti-inflammatory functions in M-MØ, whereas 5-HT2B prevents the degeneration of spinal cord mononuclear phagocytes and modulates motility of murine microglial processes. Because 5-HT2B mediates clinically relevant 5-HT–related pathologies (valvular heart disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension) and is an off target of anesthetics, antiparkinsonian drugs, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, we sought to determine the transcriptional consequences of 5-HT2B engagement in human macrophages, for which 5-HT2B signaling remains unknown. Assessment of the effects of specific agonists and antagonist revealed that 5-HT2B engagement modifies the cytokine and gene signature of anti-inflammatory M-MØ, upregulates the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target genes, and stimulates the transcriptional activation of AhR. Moreover, we found that 5-HT dose dependently upregulates the expression of AhR target genes in M-MØ and that the 5-HT–mediated activation of AhR is 5-HT2B dependent because it is abrogated by the 5-HT2B–specific antagonist SB204741. Altogether, our results demonstrate the existence of a functional 5-HT/5-HT2B/AhR axis in human macrophages and indicate that 5-HT potentiates the activity of a transcription factor (AhR) that regulates immune responses and the biological responses to xenobiotics.
Evaluating the suitability of the consumer low-cost Parrot Flower Power soil moisture sensor for scientific environmental applications
Authors: Xaver Angelika , Zappa Luca , Rab Gerhard , Pfeil Isabella , Vreugdenhil Mariette , Hemment Drew , Dorigo Wouter Arnoud 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Citizen science, scientific work and data collection conducted by or with non-experts, is rapidly growing. Although the potential of citizen science activities to generate enormous amounts of data otherwise not feasible is widely recognized, the obtained data are often treated with caution and scepticism. Their quality and reliability is not fully trusted since they are obtained by non-experts using low-cost instruments or scientifically non-verified methods.
In this study, we evaluate the performance of Parrot's Flower Power soil moisture sensor used within the European citizen science project the GROW Observatory (GROW; https://growobservatory.org, last access: 30 March 2020). The aim of GROW is to enable scientists to validate satellite-based soil moisture products at an unprecedented high spatial resolution through crowdsourced data. To this end, it has mobilized thousands of citizens across Europe in science and climate actions, including hundreds who have been empowered to monitor soil moisture and other environmental variables within 24 high-density clusters around Europe covering different climate and soil conditions. Clearly, to serve as reference dataset, the quality of ground observations is crucial, especially if obtained from low-cost sensors.
To investigate the accuracy of such measurements, the Flower Power sensors were evaluated in the lab and field. For the field trials, they were installed alongside professional soil moisture probes in the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL) in Petzenkirchen, Austria. We assessed the skill of the low-cost sensors against the professional probes using various methods. Apart from common statistical metrics like correlation, bias, and root-mean-square difference, we investigated and compared the temporal stability, soil moisture memory, and the flagging statistics based on the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) quality indicators. We found a low intersensor variation in the lab and a high temporal agreement with the professional sensors in the field. The results of soil moisture memory and the ISMN quality flags analysis are in a comparable range for the low-cost and professional probes; only the temporal stability analysis shows a contrasting outcome.
We demonstrate that low-cost sensors can be used to generate a dataset valuable for environmental monitoring and satellite validation and thus provide the basis for citizen-based soil moisture science.
Verification of the regional atmospheric model CCLM v5.0 with conventional data and lidar measurements in Antarctica
Authors: Zentek Rolf , Heinemann Günther 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The nonhydrostatic regional climate model CCLM was used for
a long-term hindcast run (2002–2016) for the Weddell Sea region with
resolutions of 15 and 5 km and two different turbulence
parametrizations. CCLM was nested in ERA-Interim data and used in
forecast mode (suite of consecutive 30 h long simulations with
6 h spin-up). We prescribed the sea ice concentration from
satellite data and used a thermodynamic sea ice model. The
performance of the model was evaluated in terms of temperature and
wind using data from Antarctic stations, automatic weather stations (AWSs), an
operational forecast model and reanalyses data, and lidar wind
profiles. For the reference run we found a warm bias for the
near-surface temperature over the Antarctic Plateau. This bias was
removed in the second run by adjusting the turbulence parametrization,
which results in a more realistic representation of the surface
inversion over the plateau but resulted in a negative bias for some
coastal regions. A comparison with measurements over the sea ice of
the Weddell Sea by three AWS buoys for 1 year showed small biases
for temperature around ±1 K and for wind speed of
1 m s−1. Comparisons of radio soundings showed a model bias
around 0 and a RMSE of 1–2 K for temperature and
3–4 m s−1 for wind speed. The comparison of CCLM
simulations at resolutions down to 1 km with wind data from
Doppler lidar measurements during December 2015 and January 2016
yielded almost no bias in wind speed and a RMSE of ca. 2 m s−1. Overall CCLM shows a good representation of temperature and
wind for the Weddell Sea region. Based on these encouraging results,
CCLM at high resolution will be used for the investigation of the
regional climate in the Antarctic and atmosphere–ice–ocean
interactions processes in a forthcoming study.