bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Bacterial Community Structures in the Rhizoplane of Tomato Plants Grown in Soils Suppressive and Conducive towards Bacterial Wilt
Authors: Shiomi Yoshitaka , Nishiyama Masaya , Onizuka Tomoko , Marumoto Takuya 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

It has been reported that the growth of
Ralstonia solanacearum
is suppressed at the rhizoplane of tomato plants and that tomato bacterial wilt is suppressed in plants grown in a soil (Mutsumi) in Japan. To evaluate the biological factors contributing to the suppressiveness of the soil in three treated Mutsumi soils (chloroform fumigated soil; autoclaved soil mixed with intact Mutsumi soil; and autoclaved soil mixed with intact, wilt-conducive Yamadai soil) infested with
R. solanacearum
, we bioassayed soil samples for tomato bacterial wilt. Chloroform fumigation increased the extent of wilt disease. More of the tomato plant samples wilted when mixed with Yamadai soil than when mixed with Mutsumi soil. Consequently, the results indicate that the naturally existing population of microorganisms in Mutsumi soil was significantly able to reduce the severity of bacterial wilt of tomato plants. To characterize the types of bacteria present at the rhizoplane, we isolated rhizoplane bacteria and classified them into 22 groups by comparing their 16S restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. In Yamadai soil a single group of bacteria was extremely predominant (73.1%), whereas in Mutsumi soil the distribution of the bacterial groups was much more even. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis of strains of dominant groups suggested that gram-negative bacteria close to the β-proteobacteria were most common at the rhizoplane of the tomato plants. During in vitro assays, rhizoplane bacteria in Mutsumi soil grew more vigorously on pectin, one of the main root exudates of tomato, compared with those in Yamadai soil. Our results imply that it is difficult for the pathogen to dominate in a diversified rhizobacterial community that thrives on pectin.
Identification of Some of the Major Groups of Bacteria in Efficient and Nonefficient Biological Phosphorus Removal Activated Sludge Systems
Authors: Bond Philip L. , Erhart Robert , Wagner Michael , Keller Jürg , Blackall Linda L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

To investigate the bacteria that are important to phosphorus (P) removal in activated sludge, microbial populations were analyzed during the operation of a laboratory-scale reactor with various P removal performances. The bacterial population structure, analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with oligonucleotides probes complementary to regions of the 16S and 23S rRNAs, was associated with the P removal performance of the reactor. At one stage of the reactor operation, chemical characterization revealed that extremely poor P removal was occurring. However, like in typical P-removing sludges, complete anaerobic uptake of the carbon substrate occurred. Bacteria inhibiting P removal overwhelmed the reactor, and according to FISH, bacteria of the β subclass of the class
Proteobacteria
other than β-1 or β-2 were dominant in the sludge (58% of the population). Changes made to the operation of the reactor led to the development of a biomass population with an extremely good P removal capacity. The biochemical transformations observed in this sludge were characteristic of typical P-removing activated sludge. The microbial population analysis of the P-removing sludge indicated that bacteria of the β-2 subclass of the class
Proteobacteria
and actinobacteria were dominant (55 and 35%, respectively), therefore implicating bacteria from these groups in high-performance P removal. The changes in operation that led to the improved performance of the reactor included allowing the pH to rise during the anaerobic period, which promoted anaerobic phosphate release and possibly caused selection against non-phosphate-removing bacteria.
Identification of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria with Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing the Nitrite Oxidoreductase
Authors: Bartosch Sabine , Wolgast Iris , Spieck Eva , Bock Eberhard 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Immunoblot analyses performed with three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognized the nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) of the genus
Nitrobacter
were used for taxonomic investigations of nitrite oxidizers. We found that these MAbs were able to detect the nitrite-oxidizing systems (NOS) of the genera
Nitrospira
,
Nitrococcus
, and
Nitrospina
. The MAb designated Hyb 153-2, which recognized the α subunit of the NOR (α-NOR), was specific for species belonging to the genus
Nitrobacter
. In contrast, Hyb 153-3, which recognized the β-NOR, reacted with nitrite oxidizers of the four genera. Hyb 153-1, which also recognized the β-NOR, bound to members of the genera
Nitrobacter
and
Nitrococcus
. The molecular masses of the β-NOR of the genus
Nitrobacter
and the β subunit of the NOS (β-NOS) of the genus
Nitrococcus
were identical (65 kDa). In contrast, the molecular masses of the β-NOS of the genera
Nitrospina
and
Nitrospira
were different (48 and 46 kDa). When the genus-specific reactions of the MAbs were correlated with 16S rRNA sequences, they reflected the phylogenetic relationships among the nitrite oxidizers. The specific reactions of the MAbs allowed us to classify novel isolates and nitrite oxidizers in enrichment cultures at the genus level. In ecological studies the immunoblot analyses demonstrated that
Nitrobacter
or
Nitrospira
cells could be enriched from activated sludge by using various substrate concentrations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and electron microscopic analyses confirmed these results. Permeated cells of pure cultures of members of the four genera were suitable for immunofluorescence labeling; these cells exhibited fluorescence signals that were consistent with the location of the NOS.
Isolation, Nucleotide Sequence, and Physiological Relevance of the Gene Encoding Triose Phosphate Isomerase from
Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Compagno Concetta , Boschi Francesco , Daleffe Agnese , Porro Danilo , Ranzi Bianca Maria 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Lack of triose phosphate isomerase activity (TIM) is of special interest because this enzyme works at an important branch point of glycolytic flux. In this paper, we report the cloning and sequencing of the
Kluyveromyces lactis
gene encoding TIM. Unlike
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ΔTPI1
mutants, the
K. lactis
mutant strain was found to be able to grow on glucose. Preliminary bioconversion experiments indicated that, like the
S. cerevisiae
TIM-deficient strain, the
K. lactis
TIM-deficient strain is able to produce glycerol with high yield.
Genus- and Species-Specific PCR-Based Detection of Dairy Propionibacteria in Environmental Samples by Using Primers Targeted to the Genes Encoding 16S rRNA
Authors: Rossi Franca , Torriani Sandra , Dellaglio Franco 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PCR assays with primers targeted to the genes encoding 16S rRNA were developed for detection of dairy propionibacteria.
Propionibacterium thoenii
specific oligonucleotide PT3 was selected after partial resequencing. Tests allowed the detection of less than 10 cells per reaction from milk and cheese and 10
2
cells per reaction from forage and soil.
Characterization of Two
Bacillus
Probiotics
Authors: Green David H. , Wakeley Phil R. , Page Anthony , Barnes Andrew , Baccigalupi Loredana , Ricca Ezio , Cutting Simon M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
is currently used as an oral probiotic. We examined two commercial
B. subtilis
probiotic preparations, Enterogermina and Biosubtyl. Surprisingly, physiological and genetic characterization of the bacteria contained in each of these preparations has shown that neither contains
B. subtilis
.
Birth month, birth season, and overall and cardiovascular disease mortality in US women: prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yin , Devore Elizabeth E , Strohmaier Susanne , Grodstein Francine , Schernhammer Eva S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the associations between birth month, birth season, and overall and cardiovascular disease mortality, and to examine the role of familial and socioeconomic factors in these associations.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNurses’ Health Study, established in 1976, an ongoing prospective cohort study in the United States.ParticipantsFemale registered nurses who reported information on date of birth at study enrolment (n=116 911, 1976-2014, followed for 38 years).ExposureBirth month and astronomical birth season (based on solstices and equinoxes as boundaries of the season categories).Main outcome measuresAge and various multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between birth months (using November as the reference), astronomical birth season (using autumn as the reference), and overall and cardiovascular disease specific mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAmong study participants, 43 248 overall deaths were documented during 4 136 364 person years of follow-up since enrolment, including 8360 cardiovascular disease related deaths. In fully adjusted multivariable analyses, no significant association was observed between birth month, birth season, and overall mortality. Compared with women born in November, increased cardiovascular disease mortality was observed among those born from March to July (hazard ratio for March, 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.21; April, 1.12, 1.00 to 1.24; May, 1.08, 0.98 to 1.20; June, 1.07, 0.96 to 1.19; and July 1.08, 0.98 to 1.20). Those born in April had the highest cardiovascular disease mortality, and those born in December had the lowest (December, 0.95, 0.85 to 1.06). The relative difference between the lowest and highest risk month was 17.89%. Women born in spring (1.10, 1.04 to 1.17) and summer (1.09, 1.03 to 1.16) had a higher cardiovascular disease mortality than women born in the autumn. Adjustment for familial and socioeconomic factors did not change these results. The relative difference between the lowest and highest risk season was 10.00%.ConclusionParticipants born in the spring and summer (especially those born in March-July) had a slight but significant increase in cardiovascular disease specific mortality. However, no seasonal birth month effect was observed among women for overall mortality. Familial and socioeconomic factors did not appear to alter these associations. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and reveal mechanisms of these seasonal birth month effects in cardiovascular disease mortality.
The impact of a nurse mentoring program on the quality of labour and delivery care at primary health care facilities in Bihar, India
Authors: Ahmed Saifuddin , Srivastava Swati , Warren Nicole , Mayra Kaveri , Misra Madhavi , Mahapatra Tanmay , Rao K D 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionAlthough the number of women who deliver with a skilled birth attendant in India has almost doubled between 2006 and 2016, the country still has the second highest number of maternal deaths and the highest number of neonatal deaths globally. This study examines the impact of a nurse mentoring programme intended to improve the quality of intrapartum care at primary healthcare centre (PHC) facilities in Bihar, India.MethodWe conducted an evaluation study in 319 public PHCs in Bihar, where nurses participated in a mentoring programme. Using a quasi-experimental trial design, we compared the intrapartum quality of care between the mentored (n=179) and non-mentored PHCs (n=80). Based on direct observation of 847 women, we examined percent differences in 39 labour, delivery and postpartum care-related recommended tasks on five domains: vital sign and labour progress monitoring after admission, second and third stages of labour management, postpartum counselling, infection prevention and essential newborn care practices.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of women at mentored PHCs received the recommended clinical care, compared with women at non-mentored PHCs. The overall total score of quality of care, expressed in percent of tasks performed, was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.3 to 32.2) in the control PHCs, suggesting that less than one-third of the expected tasks during labour and delivery were performed by nurses in these facilities; the score was 44.2% (95% CI: 42.1 to 46.4) among the facilities where the nurses were trained within last 3 months. The task completion score was slightly attenuated when observed 1 year after mentoring (score 39.1% [37.7–40.5]).ConclusionMentoring improved intrapartum care by nurses at PHCs in Bihar. However, less than half of the recommended normal delivery intrapartum tasks were completed by the nurse providers. This suggests the need for further improvement in the provision of quality of intrapartum care when risks to maternal and perinatal mortality are highest.
EFFICHRONIC study protocol: a non-controlled, multicentre European prospective study to measure the efficiency of a chronic disease self-management programme in socioeconomically vulnerable populations
Authors: Boone An L D , Pisano-Gonzalez Marta M , Valsecchi Verushka , Tan Siok Swan , Pers Yves-Marie , Vazquez-Alvarez Raquel , Peñacoba-Maestre Delia , Baker Graham , Pilotto Alberto , Zora Sabrina , Raat Hein , Hevia-Fernandez Jose Ramón 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionMore than 70% of world mortality is due to chronic conditions. Furthermore, it has been proven that social determinants have an enormous impact on both health-related behaviour and on the received attention from healthcare services. These determinants cause health inequalities. The objective of this study is to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in five European regions, hereby focusing on vulnerable populations, and to increase the sustainability of health systems by implementing a chronic disease self-management programme (CDSMP).Methods and analysis2000 people with chronic conditions or informal caregivers belonging to vulnerable populations, will be enrolled in the CDSMP in Spain, Italy, the UK, France and the Netherlands. Inclusion of patients will be based on geographical, socioeconomic and clinical stratification processes. The programme will be evaluated in terms of self-efficacy, quality of life and cost-effectiveness using a combination of validated questionnaires at baseline and 6 months from baseline.Ethics and disseminationThis study will follow the directives of the Helsinki Declaration and will adhere to the European Union General Data Protection Regulation. The project’s activities, progress and outcomes will be disseminated via promotional materials, the use of mass media, online activities, presentations at events and scientific publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN70517103; Pre-results.
Managing student workload in clinical simulation: a mindfulness-based intervention
Authors: Pollard Cheryl , McKendrick-Calder Lisa Anne , Shumka Christine , McDonald Mandy , Carlson Susan 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundSimulation places multiple simultaneous demands on participants. It is well documented in the literature that many participants feel performance stress, anxiety or other emotions while participating in simulation activities. These feelings and other stressors or distractions may impact participant ability to engage in simulation. The use of mindfulness has been proven to enhance performance in other contexts and we wondered if including a mindful moments activity in the traditional prebrief would change the participants perceived workload demands.MethodUsing a fourth-year undergraduate nursing course with an intense simulation requirement we were able to compare a control group to an intervention group who was exposed to this mindful moment activity. All participants completed the same simulations. Postsimulation event, all participants completed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Learning Index which measures mental demands, physical demands, temporal demands, effort, performance and frustration. Our convenience sample consisted of 107 nursing students (86 treatment group, 21 control group) who participated in 411 simulations for this study.ResultsThe control group experienced significantly different perceived workload demands in two domains (temporal and effort).ConclusionIt is possible to manipulate participants’ perceived workload in simulation learning experiences. More research is needed to determine optimal participant demand levels. We continue in our practices to use this technique and are currently expanding it to use in other high stress situations such as before examinations.
Sex differences of resource utilisation and outcomes in patients with atrial arrhythmias and heart failure
Authors: Ueberham Laura , König Sebastian , Hohenstein Sven , Mueller-Roething Rene , Wiedemann Michael , Schade Anja , Seyfarth Melchior , Sause Armin , Neuser Hans , Staudt Alexander , Zacharzowsky Udo , Reithmann Christopher , Shin Dong-In , Andrie Rene , Wetzel Ulrike , Tebbenjohanns Jürgen , Wunderlich Carsten , Kuhlen Ralf , Hindricks Gerhard , Bollmann Andreas 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveAtrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF) and heart failure (HF) often go hand in hand and, in combination, lead to an increased risk of death compared with patients with just one of both entities. Sex-specific differences in patients with AF and HF are under-reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate sex-specific catheter ablation (CA) use and acute in-hospital outcomes in patients with AF and concomitant HF in a retrospective cohort study.MethodsUsing International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and Operations and Procedures codes, administrative data of 75 hospitals from 2010 to 2018 were analysed to identify cases with AF and HF. Sex differences were compared for baseline characteristics, right and left atrial CA use, procedure-related adverse outcomes and in-hospital mortality.ResultsOf 54 645 analysed cases with AF and HF, 46.2% were women. Women were significantly older (75.4±9.5 vs 68.7±11.1 years, p<0.001), had different comorbidities (more frequently: cerebrovascular disease (2.4% vs 1.8%, p<0.001), dementia (5.3% vs 2.2%, p<0.001), rheumatic disease (2.1% vs 0.8%, p<0.001), diabetes with chronic complications (9.7% vs 9.1%, p=0.033), hemiplegia or paraplegia (1.7% vs 1.2%, p<0.001) and chronic kidney disease (43.7% vs 33.5%, p<0.001); less frequently: myocardial infarction (5.4% vs 10.5%, p<0.001), peripheral vascular disease (6.9% vs 11.3%, p<0.001), mild liver disease (2.0% vs 2.3%, p=0.003) or any malignancy (1.0% vs 1.3%, p<0.001), underwent less often CA (12.0% vs 20.7%, p<0.001), had longer hospitalisations (6.6±5.8 vs 5.2±5.2 days, p<0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality (1.6% vs 0.9%, p<0.001). However, in the multivariable generalised linear mixed model for in-hospital mortality, sex did not remain an independent predictor (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.12, p=0.579) when adjusted for age and comorbidities. Vascular access complications requiring interventions (4.8% vs 4.2%, p=0.001) and cardiac tamponade (0.3% vs 0.1%, p<0.001) occurred more frequently in women, whereas stroke (0.6% vs 0.5%, p=0.179) and death (0.3% vs 0.1%, p=0.101) showed no sex difference in patients undergoing CA.ConclusionsThere are sex differences in patients with AF and HF with respect to demographics, resource utilisation and in-hospital outcomes. This needs to be considered when treating women with AF and HF, especially for a sufficient patient informed decision making in clinical practice.
Chinese Stroke Association guidelines for clinical management of cerebrovascular disorders: executive summary and 2019 update of clinical management of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Dong Yi , Guo Zhen-Ni , Li Qi , Ni Wei , Gu Hongqiu , Gu Yu-Xiang , Dong Qiang 
Published: December 2019

AimSpontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) caused by ruptured cerebral aneurysm is a severe subtype of haemorrhagic stroke. Although the incidence of SAH is relatively low among all cerebrovascular diseases, the mortality is the highest. The critical management of SAH is challenging. We provide this evidence-based guideline to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-trauma SAH.MethodsA formal literature search of MEDLINE (1 January 1990–30 June 2019) was performed. Data were synthesised with the use of evidence tables. Writing group members met by teleconference to discuss data-derived recommendations. The Chinese Stroke Association’s levels of evidence grading algorithm was used to grade each recommendation. The guideline draft was reviewed by Chinese Stroke Association’s Stroke Fellow Committees. It is intended that this guideline be fully updated every 3 years.ResultsEvidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients presenting with non-trauma SAH. The focus of the guideline was subdivided into transfer and systems of care, diagnosis flowchart, aetiology and differentiation, prevention of rebleeding, surgical and endovascular repair of ruptured aneurysms, management of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemia, management of hydrocephalus, management of seizures and management of medical complications.ConclusionsThe guideline offers a framework for SAH management. Early professional and aggressive care of SAH might help dramatically.
Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of computed tomography measurements of the soft palate in French bulldogs
Authors: Deprez Pauline , Irubetagoyena Iban , Grand Jean‐Guillaume , Harran Nathaniel 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundCT imaging has been used to document the soft palate dimensions in brachycephalic dogs but reliability of such measurements has not been evaluated. The aims of this study were to propose a method of measurements of the soft palate in French bulldogs and determine its reliability.MethodsThirty French bulldogs were prospectively included. Five measurements of the soft palate were performed on soft tissue and bone window mid‐sagittal images: length, thickness at 25, 50 and 75 per cent of its length and sagittal plane cross‐sectional area. Three sets of data were separately acquired by three observers. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for all measurements was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe median ICCs showed excellent reliability (0.90 to 0.99) for all intraobserver measurements except for thickness at 75 per cent which showed good (0.80 to 0.89) to excellent reliability. The median ICC showed excellent reliability for all interobserver measurements.ConclusionThe soft palate measurements on a single CT image are reproducible and repeatable. Further study is needed to assess the reliability of these measurements in the same patient with different endotracheal tube positions.