bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous Ketone Salts Do Not Improve Cognitive Performance During a Dual-Stress Challenge
Authors: Waldman Hunter S. , Shepherd Brandon D. , Egan Brendan , McAllister Matthew J. 
Published: November 2019

In the present study, our team aimed to investigate the effects of acute ingestion of a ketone salt (KS) supplement on the cognitive performance in healthy college-aged males during a dual-stress challenge (DSC). Following a peak oxygen uptake test and DSC familiarization, 16 males completed a DSC while cycling at 60% of their respective peak oxygen uptake after ingesting either a commercially available racemic (D- and L-)β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) KS (0.38 g/kg body mass) or a placebo, using a triple-blinded, crossover, and counterbalanced design. The participants consumed the KS or placebo at −60 and −15 min prior to the start of the DSC. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood β-OHB and glucose were sampled throughout. The DSC consisted of a mental arithmetic challenge and a modified Stroop Color Word, which alternated every 2 min for 20 min. Upon completion of the DSC, responses for correct, incorrect, and no responses were recorded for the mental arithmetic challenge and Stroop Color Word. Blood β-OHB was elevated with KS by −15 min and remained so throughout (p < .001), peaking at 0.76 ± 0.32 mM. Blood glucose was lower with KS compared with the placebo at −15 and 10 min by 9% and 5%, respectively (both ps < .05). There were no differences between the treatments for heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, mental arithmetic challenge, or Stroop Color Word. Overall, this study suggests that KSs are not effective aids for enhancing cognitive performance during a DSC, which might partially be explained by the inability of currently available commercial KS supplements to elevate β-OHB blood concentrations above ∼1.0 mM.
Combining Unassisted and Robot-Guided Practice Benefits Motor Learning for a Golf Putting Task
Authors: Bested Stephen R. , Manson Gerome A. , Tremblay Luc 
Published: November 2019

Robotic guidance has been employed with limited effectiveness in neurologically intact and patient populations. For example, our lab has effectively used robotic guidance to acutely improve movement smoothness of a discrete trajectory without influencing movement endpoint distributions. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of combining robotic guidance and unassisted trials in the learning of a golf putting task. Participants completed a pre-test, an acquisition phase, and an immediate and delayed (24-hour) post-test. During the pre-test, kinematic data from the putter was converted into highly accurate, consistent, and smooth trajectories delivered by a robot arm. During acquisition, three groups performed putts towards three different targets with robotic guidance on either 0%, 50%, or 100% of acquisition trials. Only the 50% guidance group statistically reduced both the ball endpoint distance and variability between the pre-test and the immediate or 24-hr post-test. The results of the 50% guidance group yielded seminal evidence that combining both unassisted and robotic guidance trials (i.e., mixed practice) could facilitate at least short-term motor learning for a golf putting task. Such work is relevant to incorporating robotic guidance in sport skills and other practical areas (e.g., rehabilitation).
Two phases of post-onset collision adakitic magmatism in the southern Lhasa subterrane, Tibet, and their tectonic implications
Authors: Lu Tian-Yu , He Zhen-Yu , Klemd Reiner 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAbundant Neogene adakitic magmatism occurred in the southern Lhasa subterrane after the onset of the India–Asia collision while convergence continued. However, the tectonic setting and magmatic evolution of the adakitic rocks are still under discussion. This study includes new mineral chemical and whole-rock geochemical data as well as zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes of adakitic intrusive rocks from the Gyaca and Nyemo locations in the southern Lhasa subterrane. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) zircon U-Pb dating yielded crystallization ages of ca. 30 Ma for the Gyaca and Nyemo monzogranite and ca. 15 Ma for the Nyemo granodiorite. Both have common chemical signatures such as low MgO and heavy rare earth element contents as well as low compatible element abundances, indicating that these rocks result from partial melting of thickened lower crust with residual eclogite and garnet amphibolite. Furthermore, these rocks are characterized by variable positive zircon εHf(t) values, suggesting a juvenile magma source with variable ancient crustal contributions. Taking previous data into account, the adakitic magmatism concurs with an early late Eocene to Oligocene (ca. 38–25 Ma) and a late Miocene (ca. 20–10 Ma) phase. The adakitic rocks of the two phases are characterized by different fractionation evolutions of light and medium rare earth elements. We propose that the early-phase adakitic rocks were generated by the anatexis of Lhasa terrane lower crust owing to crustal shortening and thickening subsequent to the onset of the India–Asia collision and the upwelling of hot asthenosphere beneath the Lhasa terrane caused by the break-off of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab. The latest phase of adakitic rocks, however, relates to upwelling asthenosphere following the delamination and/or break-off of the subducting Indian continental slab.
Induction of labour at 41 weeks versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks (SWEdish Post-term Induction Study, SWEPIS): multicentre, open label, randomised, superiority trial
Authors: Wennerholm Ulla-Britt , Saltvedt Sissel , Wessberg Anna , Alkmark Mårten , Bergh Christina , Wendel Sophia Brismar , Fadl Helena , Jonsson Maria , Ladfors Lars , Sengpiel Verena , Wesström Jan , Wennergren Göran , Wikström Anna-Karin , Elden Helen , Stephansson Olof , Hagberg Henrik 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate if induction of labour at 41 weeks improves perinatal and maternal outcomes in women with a low risk pregnancy compared with expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks.

Design
Multicentre, open label, randomised controlled superiority trial.

Setting
14 hospitals in Sweden, 2016-18.

Participants
2760 women with a low risk uncomplicated singleton pregnancy randomised (1:1) by the Swedish Pregnancy Register. 1381 women were assigned to the induction group and 1379 were assigned to the expectant management group.

Interventions
Induction of labour at 41 weeks and expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was a composite perinatal outcome including one or more of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, Apgar score less than 7 at five minutes, pH less than 7.00 or metabolic acidosis (pH <7.05 and base deficit >12 mmol/L) in the umbilical artery, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, intracranial haemorrhage, convulsions, meconium aspiration syndrome, mechanical ventilation within 72 hours, or obstetric brachial plexus injury. Primary analysis was by intention to treat.

Results
The study was stopped early owing to a significantly higher rate of perinatal mortality in the expectant management group. The composite primary perinatal outcome did not differ between the groups: 2.4% (33/1381) in the induction group and 2.2% (31/1379) in the expectant management group (relative risk 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.73; P=0.90). No perinatal deaths occurred in the induction group but six (five stillbirths and one early neonatal death) occurred in the expectant management group (P=0.03). The proportion of caesarean delivery, instrumental vaginal delivery, or any major maternal morbidity did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions
This study comparing induction of labour at 41 weeks with expectant management and induction at 42 weeks does not show any significant difference in the primary composite adverse perinatal outcome. However, a reduction of the secondary outcome perinatal mortality is observed without increasing adverse maternal outcomes. Although these results should be interpreted cautiously, induction of labour ought to be offered to women no later than at 41 weeks and could be one (of few) interventions that reduces the rate of stillbirths.

Trial registration

Current Controlled Trials
ISRCTN26113652
.
Weight loss efficacy of alternate day fasting versus daily calorie restriction in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism: a secondary analysis
Authors: Akasheh Rand T. , Kroeger Cynthia M. , Trepanowski John F. , Gabel Kelsey , Hoddy Kristin K. , Kalam Faiza , Cienfuegos Sofia , Varady Krista A. 
Published: November 2019

This study compared the weight loss efficacy of alternate-day fasting (ADF) versus daily calorie restriction (CR) in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. After 6 months, body weight decreased (P < 0.001) similarly by ADF (–7% ± 1%) and CR (–8% ± 2%). Insulin resistance decreased (P < 0.05) more by ADF versus CR. Free thyroxin and thyroid-stimulating hormone remained unchanged. Thus, ADF and CR produce similar weight loss in this population, without affecting thyroid hormone levels. Novelty Intermittent fasting and daily restriction produce similar reductions in body weight in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Reduced inflammatory and phagocytotic responses following normobaric hypoxia exercise despite evidence supporting greater immune challenge
Authors: Hill Garrett W. , Gillum Trevor L. , Lee Ben J. , Romano Phebe A. , Schall Zach J. , Kuennen Matthew R. 
Published: November 2019

This study examined changes in immune markers following sustained treadmill exercise in normobaric hypoxia. Ten subjects performed 1 h of treadmill exercise (65% maximal oxygen uptake) under normoxic (NORM: fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxic (HYP: FIO2= 13.5%) conditions. Blood samples, collected before, after (Post), 1 h after (1-Post), and 4 h after (4-Post) exercise, were assayed for plasma cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1RA/IL-1β/IL-8/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) and markers of leukocyte activation (macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β)/myeloperoxidase (MPO)/soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)) using ELISA. Pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios (TNF-α/IL-1RA; IL-1β/IL-1RA) were calculated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed for changes in inflammatory status (phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B/nuclear factor kappa B) using Western Blot. Data were analyzed with 2-way (condition × time) repeated-measure ANOVAs with Newman–Keuls post hoc tests. MIP-1β was elevated at 1-Post HYP exercise (+11%; p < 0.01) but did not increase following exercise in NORM. TNF-α/IL-1RA and IL-1β/IL-1RA ratios were both reduced (p < 0.05) following HYP exercise (−16% and −52%, respectively, at 1-Post and −7% and −32%, respectively, at 4-Post). IL-8 increased (p < 0.05) at Post and 1-Post NORM (+33% and +57%, respectively) and HYP (+60% and +83%, respectively) exercise, but was not different between conditions (p > 0.05). Interestingly, plasma sICAM-1 did not increase (p > 0.05) following NORM exercise but was increased (p < 0.05) at Post (+17%), 1-Post (+16%), and 4-Post (+14%) HYP exercise. There was also a delayed peak in plasma MPO concentrations following HYP exercise and PBMC exhibited a reduced (p < 0.05) inflammatory capacity at Post (−38%) and 1-Post (−49%).Novelty Following HYP exercise, participants exhibited (i) circulatory bias towards anti-inflammation; (ii) elevated sICAM; (iii) delayed peak in plasma MPO; and (iv) diminished inflammatory response in PBMC. Collectively, these data suggest immunosuppression. This is undesirable, given that elevated MIP-1β (reported here) and elevated intestinal fatty acid binding protein (reported previously) both suggest higher lipopolysaccharide concentrations following HYP exercise.
Universal character, phase model and topological strings on $$\pmb {\mathbb {C}^3}$$
Authors: Wang Na , Li Chuanzhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider two different subjects: the algebra of universal characters$$S_{[\lambda ,\mu ]}(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})$$S[λ,μ](x,y)(a generalization of Schur functions) and the phase model of strongly correlated bosons. We find that the two-site generalized phase model can be realized in the algebra of universal characters, and the entries in the monodromy matrix of the phase model can be represented by the vertex operators$$\Gamma _i^\pm (z) (i=1,2)$$Γi±(z)(i=1,2)which generate universal characters. Meanwhile, we find that these vertex operators can also be used to obtain the A-model topological string partition function on$$\mathbb {C}^3$$C3.
Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation
Authors: Lavin Kaleen M. , Perkins Ryan K. , Jemiolo Bozena , Raue Ulrika , Trappe Scott W. , Trappe Todd A. 
Published: November 2019

Age-associated chronic basal inflammation compromises muscle mass and adaptability, but exercise training may exert an anti-inflammatory effect. This investigation assessed basal and exercise-induced inflammation in three cohorts of men: young exercisers [YE; n = 10 men; 25 ± 1 yr; maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max), 53 ± 3 mL·kg−1·min−1; quadriceps area, 78 ± 3 cm2; means ± SE], old healthy nonexercisers (OH; n = 10; 75 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max, 22 ± 1 mL·kg−1·min−1; quadriceps area, 56 ± 3 cm2), and lifelong exercisers with an aerobic training history of 53 ± 1 yr (LLE; n = 21; 74 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max, 34 ± 1 mL·kg−1·min−1; quadriceps area, 67 ± 2 cm2). Resting serum IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and IGF-1 levels were measured. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at rest (basal) and 4 h after an acute exercise challenge (3 × 10 repetitions, 70% 1-repetition maximum) to assess gene expression of cytokines [IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)], chemokines [IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)], cyclooxygenase enzymes [cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2, respectively), prostaglandin E2synthases [microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) and cytosolic prostaglandin E2synthase (cPGES)] and receptors [prostaglandin E2receptor EP3 and EP4 subtypes (EP3 and EP4, respectively), and macrophage markers [cluster of differentiation 16b (CD16b) and CD163], as well as basal macrophage abundance (CD68+cells). Aging led to higher ( P ≤ 0.05) circulating IL-6 and skeletal muscle COX-1, mPGES-1, and CD163 expression. However, LLE had significantly lower serum IL-6 levels ( P ≤ 0.05 vs. OH) and a predominantly anti-inflammatory muscle profile [higher IL-10 ( P ≤ 0.05 vs. YE), TNF-α, TGF-β, and EP4 levels ( P ≤ 0.05 vs. OH)]. In OH only, acute exercise increased expression of proinflammatory factors TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-8 ( P ≤ 0.05). LLE had postexercise gene expression similar to YE, except lower IL-10 ( P ≤ 0.10), mPGES-1, and EP3 expression ( P ≤ 0.05). Thus, although aging led to a proinflammatory profile within blood and muscle, lifelong exercise partially prevented this and generally preserved the acute inflammatory response to exercise seen in young exercising men. Lifelong exercise may positively impact muscle health throughout aging by promoting anti-inflammation in skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study assessed a unique population of lifelong aerobic exercising men and demonstrated that their activity status exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in skeletal muscle and circulation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the inflammatory response to acute exercise is dysregulated by aging but preserved with lifelong exercise, which might improve skeletal muscle resilience to unaccustomed loading and adaptability into late life.
Salivary antimicrobial proteins and stress biomarkers are elevated during a 6-month mission to the International Space Station
Authors: Agha Nadia H. , Baker Forrest L. , Kunz Hawley E. , Spielmann Guillaume , Mylabathula Preteesh L. , Rooney Bridgette V. , Mehta Satish K. , Pierson Duane L. , Laughlin Mitzi S. , Markofski Melissa M. , Crucian Brian E. , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: November 2019

As the international space community plans for manned missions to Mars, spaceflight-associated immune dysregulation has been identified as a potential risk to the health and safety of the flight crew. There is a need to determine whether salivary antimicrobial proteins, which act as a first line of innate immune defense against multiple pathogens, are altered in response to long-duration (>6 mo) missions. We collected 7 consecutive days of whole and sublingual saliva samples from eight International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers and seven ground-based control subjects at nine mission time points, ~180 and ~60 days before launch (L−180/L−60), on orbit at flight days ~10 and ~90 (FD10/FD90) and ~1 day before return (R−1), and at R+0, R+18, R+33, and R+66 days after returning to Earth. We found that salivary secretory (s)IgA, lysozyme, LL-37, and the cortisol-to-dehydroepiandrosterone ratio were elevated in the ISS crew before (L−180) and during (FD10/FD90) the mission. “Rookie” crewmembers embarking on their first spaceflight mission had lower levels of salivary sIgA but increased levels of α-amylase, lysozyme, and LL-37 during and after the mission compared with the “veteran” crew who had previously flown. Latent herpesvirus reactivation was distinct to the ~6-mo mission crewmembers who performed extravehicular activity (“spacewalks”). Crewmembers who shed at least one latent virus had higher cortisol levels than those who did not shed. We conclude that long-duration spaceflight alters the concentration and/or secretion of several antimicrobial proteins in saliva, some of which are related to crewmember flight experience, biomarkers of stress, and latent viral reactivation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spaceflight-associated immune dysregulation may jeopardize future exploration-class missions. Salivary antimicrobial proteins act as a first line of innate immune defense. We report here that several of these proteins are elevated in astronauts during an International Space Station mission, particularly in those embarking on their first space voyage. Astronauts who shed a latent herpesvirus also had higher concentrations of salivary cortisol compared with those who did not shed. Stress-relieving countermeasures are needed to preserve immunity and prevent viral reactivation during prolonged voyages into deep space.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗМІНИ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ПРОЗАПАЛЬНИХ ЦИТОКІНІВ У ЩУРІВ ІЗ МОДЕЛЬОВАНИМ ГАЛАКТОЗАМІНОВИМ ГЕПАТИТОМ НА ТЛІ МЕРКАЗОЛІЛІНДУКОВАНОГО ГІПОТИРЕОЗУ
Authors: Zarichna O. Y. , Shkliar Kh. I. , Klishch I. M. 
Published: November 2019

Мета роботи. Вивчити зміни показників цитокінового профілю та функціонального стану ендотелію у щурів із мерказоліліндукованим гіпотиреозом і супутнім галактозаміновим гепатитом.
Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проводили на білих щурах-самцях масою тіла 180–200 г, яких отримали з віварію Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України. Гіпотиреоз моделювали щоденним введенням фармакопейного тиреостатика мерказолілу в дозі 25 мг/кг протягом 21-ї доби per os за допомогою спеціального зонда. Вплив гіпотиреозу на перебіг запального процесу при гепатиті вивчали на моделі галактозамінового гепатиту (ГАГ), який викликали шляхом внутрішньочеревного уведення експериментальним тваринам галактозаміну в дозі 400 мг/кг у вигляді 20 % розчину.
Результати й обговорення. Виявлено, що показник TNF-α у тварин із модельованим гіпотиреозом збільшився у 1,05 раза, IL-1α – в 1,41 раза, IL-4 – 1,33 раза, INF-γ – 5,56 раза відносно інтактних тварин. Причому моноцитарний хемоатрактантний протеїн (MCP) зменшився у 0,95 раза. Після модельованого галактозамінового гепатиту виявлено, що показник TNF-α збільшився у 1,13 раза, IL-1α – в 1,49 раза, IL-4 – 1,56 раза, INF-γ – 6,57 раза, MCP – 1,06 раза відносно інтактних тварин. Після модельованого галактозамінового гепатиту на тлі гіпотиреозу відбулись наступні зміни: показник TNF-α збільшився у 1,32 раза, IL-1α – в 1,70 рази, IL-4 – 1,94 раза, INF-γ – 5,89 раза MCP – 1,11 раза відносно інтактних тварин.
Висновки. За умов експериментального галактозамінового гепатиту на тлі гіпотиреозу відбувається гіперпродукція інтерлейкіну-1α (IL-1α), інтерлейкіну-4 (IL-4), інтерферону-γ (IFN-γ), фактора некрозу пухлин-α (TNF-α), а також гіпопродукцію моноцитарного хемоатрактантного протеїну, що можуть спричиняти значні зміни в тканинах печінки.
РОЛЬ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ У НАДАННІ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ХВОРИМ НА АРТЕРІАЛЬНУ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЮ
Authors: Reha N. I. , Reha O. R. 
Published: November 2019

Мета роботи. Розробити стандартизовані функції з надання медичної допомоги хворим на АГ медичної сестри кабінету сімейного лікаря або терапевта.
Матеріали і методи. На даному етапі реформування медичної галузі вирішальне місце у боротьбі з АГ відводиться ланці первинної медико-санітарної допомоги (ПМСД). Відомо, що ефективність її роботи залежить від чіткої і узгодженої командної взаємодії сімейного лікаря (дільничого терапевта) та медичної сестри. Сучасна медична сестра амбулаторії ПМСД бере активну участь у всіх етапах організації надання медичної допомоги хворим на АГ, зокрема бере участь у діагностиці АГ, лікувальному процесі, здійснює первинну профілактику АГ та проводить диспансерний нагляд за хворими на АГ.
Результати й обговорення. У даній статті показано переваги надання медичної допомоги хворим з артеріальною гіпертензією разом у команді з лікарем. Запропоновано стандарт медсестринської допомоги хворим на артеріальну гіпертензію.
Висновки. Ефективність роботи ланки первинної медико-санітарної допомоги залежить від чіткої і узгодженої командної взаємодії сімейного лікаря (дільничого терапевта) та медичної сестри загальної практики – сімейної медицини (амбулаторії ПМСД). Сучасна медична сестра бере активну участь у всіх етапах організації надання медичної допомоги хворим на АГ. Розробка стандартизованих функцій з надання медичної допомоги хворим на АГ медичної сестри кабінету сімейного лікаря або терапевта сприяє підвищенню якості надання медичної допомоги хворим на АГ.