bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a multidisciplinary intervention on physical fitness, physical activity habits and the association between aerobic fitness and components of metabolic syndrome in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Tremblay Angelo , Bélanger Marie-Pier , Dhaliwal Rupinder , Brauer Paula , Royall Dawna , Mutch David M. , Rhéaume Caroline 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health disorder characterized by metabolic abnormalities that predict an increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It can be resolved, and its complications reduced, by lifestyle interventions offered in primary care. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of the exercise program of the CHANGE feasibility study on physical fitness and physical activity habits, and assess associations between changes in MetS components and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).

Methods
In this analysis of 192 of the 293 adults with MetS in the overall study, the impact on physical fitness [aerobic capacity, muscular fitness and flexibility], and non-supervised physical activities was investigated over 12 months. In the CHANGE program, aerobic capacity, muscular fitness and flexibility were assessed at baseline, after 3 months of weekly supervised exercise, and following 9 additional months during which participants had one monthly session of supervised exercise. Additionally, CRF response was also examined in relation to changes in MetS components [fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, waist circumference (WC)].

Results
Fitness variables were significantly increased at 12 months with most of the improvements reached by 3 months (estimated VO2 max: 6 and 12%; partial curl-ups: 55 and 80%; push-ups: 50 and 100%; flexibility: 22 and 10% in men and women, respectively, p <  0.001). As expected, the duration and intensity of supervised aerobic physical activity increased during the first 3 months of supervision in both men and women, and remained unchanged for the duration of the program. The duration of non-supervised physical activities did not change during the program in men whereas an increase in manual work of moderate intensity was recorded in women between 3 and 12 months. In women, mean changes in WC were significantly greater among high VO2 max responders than low responders, between 0 and 12 months, as well as between 3 and 12 months (− 3.42 cm and − 4.32 cm, respectively, p <  0.05). No associations were seen with MetS components in men. Higher intensity activities were maintained by both sexes at one year.

Conclusion
Patients with MetS participating in the CHANGE lifestyle program improved physical fitness and physical activity habits by three months and maintained these gains over one year. Women who achieved a greater VO2 max increase had greater reductions in WC compared to low VO2max responders.
A sustainable biomass network design model for bioenergy production by anaerobic digestion technology: using agricultural residues and livestock manure
Authors: Bijarchiyan Mohadeseh , Sahebi Hadi , Mirzamohammadi Saeed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScarcity of fossil fuels and their emissions have led energy policymakers to look for alternative renewable and clean energy sources. In line with this target, biomass is a promising alternative source for the generation of clean energy and the development of a sustainable society. The use of animal and agricultural wastes is one of the very promising renewable energy alternatives paving the way for a more sustainable energy network. Animal and agricultural wastes as biomass sources do not endanger food security and mitigate environmental impacts and may therefore considerably contribute to an appropriate waste management. As a result, converting animal and agricultural wastes to energy is a challenging issue that has attracted the attention of academic and industrial researchers. A multi-echelon multi-objective model is developed to design a sustainable supply chain for bioenergy generation through the anaerobic digestion process. The model maximizes economic and social objective functions, representing direct economic profits and positive social externalities such as job creation and economic development, respectively. Factors affecting the international supply chain include imports of intermediate production equipment, exports of a final product, international business terms applied, customs duties, and foreign exchange rates. Bioenergy and fertilizers are outputs considered in this study; the former to be converted to electricity in a biogas plant to meet domestic demands, and the latter to be exported. A case study for the Golestan province is used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model. The results support the potential for three biogas power plants in Gonbad-e-Kavoos, with an annual production capacity of about 1000 tons of fertilizer and an electricity supply for 101,556 households per month. There is still a broad field of promising avenues for future research. Studying uncertainty in different supply chain parameters and using robust optimization to deal with uncertainties are recommended approaches.
Integrated vector control of Chagas disease in Guatemala: a case of social innovation in health
Authors: Castro-Arroyave Diana , Monroy Maria Carlota , Irurita Maria Isabel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Improved access to health care and quality of services require integrated efforts and innovations, including community empowerment and participation in transformation processes. Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease that is generally controlled by insecticide spraying. To achieve community empowerment in a health program, actions for social innovations may include: community-based research, interdisciplinary and intersectoral participation, community perception of direct benefits and participation in health or environmental improvements. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the processes by which an interdisciplinary team, in collaboration with communities of Comapa, Guatemala, developed an effective solution to address the risk for Chagas disease.

Methods
A qualitative study involving interviews semi-structured and direct observation was conducted using a case study approach to describe and understand the community-based research and intervention process developed by researchers from the Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Parasitology of the Universidad de San Carlos of Guatemala (Laboratorio de Entomologia y Parasitologia Aplicada). Nine interviews were conducted with the investigators, innovators, members of the community in which the intervention had been implemented. NVivo software (version 12) was used for the emergent coding and analysis of the interviews.

Results
Processes of social transformation were evident within households, and the communities that transcended the mere improvement of walls and floors. New social dynamics that favored the household economy and conditions of hygiene and home care that positively impacted the health of the community. We describe how the integration of criteria of social innovation into a home improvement strategy for Chagas disease control, can generate processes of transformation in health by considering sociocultural conditions, encouraging dialogue between public health approaches and traditional practices. We identify and discuss processes for Social Innovations in Health and identify their potential in improving community health in Latin America.

Conclusions
When social innovation criteria are included in a health control initiative, the community-based research and the interdisciplinary and intersectoral participation facilitate the implementation of the control strategy, the perceived benefits by the community and its empowerment to sustain and share the strategy. The case study provided understanding of the intersectoral and interdisciplinary dynamics in particular contexts, and documented the relevance of innovation criteria in health processes.
Fighting and burial: the production of bronze weapons in the Shu state based on a case study of Xinghelu cemetery, Chengdu, China
Authors: Li Haichao , Zhou Zhiqing , Liu Yang , Wang Yi , Wang Zhankui , Wang Lin , Tian Jianbo , Cui Jianfeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the bronze weapons discovered in the Xinghelu cemetery of Chengdu, China in order to study the production of bronze weapons in the Shu state. Metallographic microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) were used to analyze 56 bronze samples. The results show that normal size weapons contain more lead or tin than the equivalent small weapons. Some normal size weapons were made from the same lead sources as the small ones; others, such as the dagger-axe and scabbards, might be imported products. To match the imported scabbards, swords of comparable size were cast or chosen. Most of the small weapons may have been produced by type, while the variable alloying composition and size for each weapon suggests multiple casting processes.
A protocol for a pilot cluster randomized control trial of e-vouchers and mobile phone application to enhance access to maternal health services in Cameroon
Authors: Nkangu Miriam N. , Okwen Patrick M. , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Weledji Donald K. , Roberts Janet Hatcher , Yaya Sanni 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Cameroon still has relatively high maternal mortality rate (MMR) of 596/100,000 live births. Approximately 40% of births are unattended by skilled healthcare personnel with high out-of-pocket expenditures. Poor resource allocation, poorly functioning referral systems, long trekking distances to health facilities, all of which lead to low rates of use of maternal health services.

Objectives
The aim of this pilot study is to explore perception and acceptability of mobile health (mhealth) and e-voucher and to determine the feasibility of conducting a large cluster randomized trial to determine the effects of combining e-vouchers and a mobile application compared with usual care in improving access to and use of maternal health services.

Methods
This is a multimethod study that comprises two phases. The first phase is the development of the mobile phone app, which includes a qualitative formative study through in-depth key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The second phase is a cluster randomized control trial assessing the combination of e-vouchers and a mobile application compared with usual care in improving access to and use of maternal health services. Feasibility will be determined based on evaluating randomization, contamination, enrollment rate, complete follow up, compliance rate, success in matching data from different sources, and data completeness.

Ethics and discussion
Ethics approval has been granted, and the trial has been registered in the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry. We will disseminate our findings through peer-reviewed manuscripts and conference presentations. Findings from this study will inform the design and conduct of a larger randomized trial.

Trial registration
PACTR201808703097367. The trial on the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry.
Meckel Gruber syndrome – a case report
Authors: Raj Marquess , Dhanuka Sujata , Agarwal Prerna , Reddy Suresh Lakki , Vivekananthan Sethuramalingam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Meckel Gruber Syndrome (MKS) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies ultimately leading to the death of fetus in utero or shortly after birth. It is characterized by classical triad of occipital encephalocele, infantile polycystic kidneys and postaxial polydactyly. Diagnosis of MKS is made on the basis of ultrasonography, gross morphology & histopathological findings. Here, we describe a case of MKS presenting with the classical triad.

Case presentation
A 25 year old lady presented with missed abortion at 17 weeks of gestation on her first conception. There was no history of previous fetal demise or any congenital anomaly. History of consanguineous marriage was not present. Ultra sonogram revealed death of the fetus in utero. Planned termination of pregnancy was performed & the products of conception were sent for study to the laboratory for autopsy, histopathological examination & genetic studies.

Conclusion
Rare genetic anomalies can present with missed abortion & an understanding of the same is important considering the clinical as well as psychological strain it can have on the pregnant mother. The case moreover should be reported for it being a genetic anomaly which results in death at a young age & also for its historical value.
Composition and co-occurrence patterns of the microbiota of different niches of the bovine mammary gland: potential associations with mastitis susceptibility, udder inflammation, and teat-end hyperkeratosis
Authors: Derakhshani Hooman , Plaizier Jan C. , De Buck Jeroen , Barkema Herman W. , Khafipour Ehsan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Within complex microbial ecosystems, microbe-microbe interrelationships play crucial roles in determining functional properties such as metabolic potential, stability and colonization resistance. In dairy cows, microbes inhabiting different ecological niches of the udder may have the potential to interact with mastitis pathogens and therefore modulate susceptibility to intramammary infection. In the present study, we investigated the co-occurrence patterns of bacterial communities within and between different niches of the bovine mammary gland (teat canal vs. milk) in order to identify key bacterial taxa and evaluate their associations with udder health parameters and mastitis susceptibility.

Results
Overall, teat canal microbiota was more diverse, phylogenetically less dispersed, and compositionally distinct from milk microbiota. This, coupled with identification of a large number of bacterial taxa that were exclusive to the teat canal microbiota suggested that the intramammary ecosystem, represented by the milk microbiota, acts as a selective medium that disfavors the growth of certain environmental bacterial lineages. We further observed that the diversity of milk microbiota was negatively correlated with udder inflammation. By performing correlation network analysis, we identified two groups of phylogenetically distinct hub species that were either positively (unclassified Bacteroidaceae and Phascolarctobacterium) or negatively (Sphingobacterium) correlated with biodiversity metrics of the mammary gland (MG). The latter group of bacteria also showed positive associations with the future incidence of clinical mastitis.

Conclusions
Our results provide novel insights into the composition and structure of bacterial communities inhabiting different niches of the bovine MG. In particular, we identified hub species and candidate foundation taxa that were associated with the inflammatory status of the MG and/or future incidences of clinical mastitis. Further in vitro and in vivo interrogations of MG microbiota can shed light on different mechanisms by which commensal microbiota interact with mastitis pathogens and modulate udder homeostasis.
Hydroclathrus clathratus as anti-damaging agent against lung injury in male albino rats
Authors: Alharbi Reem Mohammed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The present investigation is designed to evaluate the antioxidant and protective efficacy of the brown alga, Hydroclathrus clathratus (C.Agardh) M. Howe, against copper-induced lung injury in male albino rats. The present study was carried out on 24 adult male albino rats, they were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) (A group, control rats; B group, rats received 100 mg/kg body weight of H. clathratus ethanolic extract; C group, rats augmented with 100 mg/kg body weight of CuSO4; and D group, rats were supplemented with 100 mg/kg of CuSO4 and 100 mg/kg of H. clathratus ethanolic extract). All the experimental treatments were given orally and daily for 28 days.

Results
It was showing that Cu treatment was found to induce lung toxicity, histopathologically, Cu revealed severe degenerative and necrotic lesions in the lung. Also, Cu caused a significant decrease in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) count and glutathione (GSH); meanwhile, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased. Consistently, mRNA and protein expression levels of proapoptotic (caspase-3 and Bax) marker showed a significant upregulation, whereas the anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) level was significantly downregulated in lung tissues of CuSO4-intubated groups. Moreover, H. clathratus plus CuSO4-treated group showed improvement in the histopathological changes of lung injury. The bronchi and bronchioles appeared like those of the control, where the alveoli showed thin septa in some parts and thickened septa in other parts.

Conclusion
Findings revealed that the natural antioxidant activity of H. clathratus could protect the lung tissue from the damage produced by CuSO4.
Depression-related anterior cingulate prefrontal resting state connectivity normalizes following cognitive behavioral therapy
Authors: Pantazatos Spiro P. , Yttredahl Ashley , Rubin-Falcone Harry , Kishon Ronit , Oquendo Maria A. , John Mann J. , Miller Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background.
Aberrant activity of the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) is a common theme across pharmacologic treatment efficacy prediction studies. The functioning of the SCC in psychotherapeutic interventions is relatively understudied, as are functional differences among SCC subdivisions. We conducted functional connectivity analyses (rsFC) on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, collected before and after a course of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), using seeds from three SCC subdivisions.

Methods.
Resting-state data were collected from unmedicated patients with current MDD (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 > 16) before and after 14-sessions of CBT monotherapy. Treatment outcome was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Rostral anterior cingulate (rACC), anterior subcallosal cingulate (aSCC), and Brodmann’s area 25 (BA25) masks were used as seeds in connectivity analyses that assessed baseline rsFC and symptom severity, changes in connectivity related to symptom improvement after CBT, and prediction of treatment outcomes using whole-brain baseline connectivity.

Results.
Pretreatment BDI negatively correlated with pretreatment rACC ~ dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and aSCC ~ lateral prefrontal cortex rsFC. In a region-of-interest longitudinal analysis, rsFC between these regions increased post-treatment (p < 0.05FDR). In whole-brain analyses, BA25 ~ paracentral lobule and rACC ~ paracentral lobule connectivities decreased post-treatment. Whole-brain baseline rsFC with SCC did not predict clinical improvement.

Conclusions.
rsFC features of rACC and aSCC, but not BA25, correlated inversely with baseline depression severity, and increased following CBT. Subdivisions of SCC involved in top-down emotion regulation may be more involved in cognitive interventions, while BA25 may be more informative for interventions targeting bottom-up processing. Results emphasize the importance of subdividing the SCC in connectivity analyses.
Model Combining Tumor Molecular and Clinicopathologic Risk Factors Predicts Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Bellomo Domenico , Arias-Mejias Suzette M. , Ramana Chandru , Heim Joel B. , Quattrocchi Enrica , Sominidi-Damodaran Sindhuja , Bridges Alina G. , Lehman Julia S. , Hieken Tina J. , Jakub James W. , Pittelkow Mark R. , DiCaudo David J. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Sluzevich Jason C. , Cappel Mark A. , Bagaria Sanjay P. , Perniciaro Charles , Tjien-Fooh Félicia J. , van Vliet Martin H. , Dwarkasing Jvalini , Meves Alexander 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSEMore than 80% of patients who undergo sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy have no nodal metastasis. Here, we describe a model that combines clinicopathologic and molecular variables to identify patients with thin- and intermediate-thickness melanomas who may forgo the SLN biopsy procedure because of their low risk of nodal metastasis.PATIENTS AND METHODSGenes with functional roles in melanoma metastasis were discovered by analysis of next-generation sequencing data and case-control studies. We then used polymerase chain reaction to quantify gene expression in diagnostic biopsy tissue across a prospectively designed archival cohort of 754 consecutive thin- and intermediate-thickness primary cutaneous melanomas. Outcome of interest was SLN biopsy metastasis within 90 days of melanoma diagnosis. A penalized maximum likelihood estimation algorithm was used to train logistic regression models in a repeated cross-validation scheme to predict the presence of SLN metastasis from molecular, clinical, and histologic variables.RESULTSExpression of genes with roles in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (glia-derived nexin, growth differentiation factor 15, integrin-β3, interleukin 8, lysyl oxidase homolog 4, transforming growth factor-β receptor type 1, and tissue-type plasminogen activator) and melanosome function (melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1) were associated with SLN metastasis. The predictive ability of a model that only considered clinicopathologic or gene expression variables was outperformed by a model that included molecular variables in combination with the clinicopathologic predictors Breslow thickness and patient age (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.86; SLN biopsy reduction rate, 42%; negative predictive value, 96%).CONCLUSIONA combined model that included clinicopathologic and gene expression variables improved the identification of patients with melanoma who may forgo the SLN biopsy procedure because of their low risk of nodal metastasis.
Early detection treatment response for head and neck carcinomas using intravoxel incoherent motion-magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis
Authors: Song Qingxu , Li Fang , Chen Xin , Wang Jianbo , Liu Hong , Cheng Yufeng 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intravoxel incoherent motion-MRI (IVIM-MRI) for predicting the treatment response in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify original articles on diagnostic performance of IVIM in predicting treatment response in HNSCC patients receiving chemoradiotherapy. The IVIM parameters studied were diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), and apparent diffusion coefficient. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy were obtained by using a random-effects model. Of 65 studies screened, 8 studies with 347 patients were finally included. Results: The pooled sensitivities and specificities were 76% [95% confidence interval (CI) 69–82%] and 81% (95% CI 70–89%) for pre-treatment D, and 70% (95% CI 58–80%) and 82% (95% CI 66–92%) for △D, respectively. In addition, the sensitivities and specificities ranged from 41.7 to 94% and 67 to 100% for pre-treatment f, and from 55.7 to 76.5% and 72.2 to 93.3% for pre-treatment apparent diffusion coefficient, respectively. Conclusions: The diffusion-related coefficients pre-treatment D and △D demonstrated good accuracy in predicting early treatment response in HNSCC patients. However, because of the variability in reference test and other limitations of included literature, further investigation is needed before implementing any IVIM strategy into clinical practice.