bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, noninferiority, controlled trial of two doses of intravenous subdissociative ketamine for analgesia in the emergency department
Authors: Lovett Shannon , Reed Trent , Riggs Robert , Lew George , Koch Erica , Durazo‐Arvizu Ramon A. , Rech Megan A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine if 0.15 mg/kg intravenous (IV) subdissociative ketamine is noninferior to 0.3 mg/kg in emergency department (ED) patients with acute pain.MethodsThis randomized, prospective, double‐blinded, noninferiority trial included patients’ age 18 to 59 years presenting to the ED with acute moderate to severe pain. Subjects were randomized to IV subdissociative ketamine, 0.15 mg/kg ("low" dose) or 0.30 mg/kg ("high" dose), over 15 minutes. The primary endpoint was the 11‐point numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score between groups at 30 minutes. Secondary endpoints included NRS pain scores at 15 and 60 minutes; change in NRS at 15, 30, and 60 minutes; rescue analgesia; and adverse effects. The noninferiority limit, δ0, was set to 1.3.ResultsForty‐nine patients were included in each group. After the differences in the baseline NRS score were adjusted for, the mean NRS score at 30 minutes was 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.8 to 5.5) in the low‐dose group and 5.0 (95% CI = 4.2 to 5.8) in the high‐dose group (mean difference = 0.4, 95% CI = −0.8 to 1.5), indicating that the low‐dose subdissociative ketamine was noninferior to the high dose (lower limit of 95% CI = –0.8 to ≥1.3 = –δ0). Adverse effects were similar at 30 minutes. At 15 minutes, the high‐dose group experienced greater change in NRS; however, more adverse effects occurred.ConclusionOur data did not detect a large difference in analgesia or adverse effect profile between 0.15 mg/kg IV ketamine and 0.30 mg/kg in the short‐term treatment of acute pain in the ED.
Degree of pregnancy planning and recommended pregnancy planning behavior among women with and without chronic medical conditions – A large hospital‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: De Wolff Mie Gaarskjaer , Johansen Marianne , Rom Ane Lilleøre , Midtgaard Julie , Tabor Ann , Hegaard Hanne Kristine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionPregnancy planning allows women to engage in pregnancy planning behaviors to optimize health status in the preconception period. Women with chronic medical conditions have a higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and therefore preconception care is recommended. The aim was to compare pregnancy planning among women with and without chronic medical conditions, and to assess adherence to the recommended pregnancy planning behaviors on folic acid intake, physical activity and abstention from smoking and alcohol, among women with and without chronic medical conditions stratified by pregnancy planning.Material and methodsA cross‐sectional study with data from 28 794 pregnancies. Pregnancy planning was measured with the Swedish Pregnancy Planning Scale. Multiple Poisson regression with robust variance estimates was used to assess the associations between chronic medical condition (yes/no and main categories) and pregnancy planning, and chronic medical condition status and pregnancy planning behaviors stratified by pregnancy planning.ResultsIn the study population, 74% reported high degree of pregnancy planning, and 22% had one or more chronic medical conditions. We found no overall association between chronic medical condition and pregnancy planning (adjusted rate ratio [RR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98‐1.01). However, women with type 2 diabetes and mental illness were significantly less likely to plan their pregnancies than women without these conditions (aRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61‐0.88; aRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87‐0.96, respectively). Women with chronic medical conditions were more likely to adhere to the recommended planning behaviors; intake of folic acid, abstention from alcohol prior to pregnancy and no binge drinking in early pregnancy.ConclusionsOverall, pregnancies were highly planned. Women with chronic medical conditions did not show a higher degree of pregnancy planning than women without chronic medical conditions but were, however. more likely to adhere to the generally recommended pregnancy planning behaviors (ie intake of folic acid and abstention from alcohol intake). Only women with mental illness and type 2 diabetes reported a lower degree of pregnancy planning. It is important that we continuously address pregnancy planning and planning behaviors for both women with and women without chronic medical conditions, especially women with type 2 diabetes and mental illness.
Clustering of desmosomal cadherins by desmoplakin is essential for cell‐cell adhesion
Authors: Wanuske Marie‐Therès , Brantschen Dominique , Schinner Camilla , Stüdle Chiara , Walter Elias , Hiermaier Matthias , Vielmuth Franziska , Waschke Jens , Spindler Volker 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAIMDesmoplakin (Dp) is a crucial component of the desmosome, a supramolecular cell junction complex anchoring intermediate filaments. The mechanisms how Dp modulates cell‐cell adhesion are only partially understood. Here, we studied the impact of Dp on the function of desmosomal adhesion molecules, desmosome turnover and intercellular adhesion.METHODSCRISPR/Cas9 was used for gene editing of human keratinocytes which were characterized by Western blot and immunostaining. Desmosomal ultrastructure and function were assessed by electron microscopy and cell adhesion assays. Single molecule binding properties and localization of desmosomal cadherins were studied by atomic force microscopy and super‐resolution imaging.RESULTSKnockout (ko) of Dp impaired cell cohesion to drastically higher extents as ko of another desmosomal protein, plakoglobin (Pg). In contrast to Pg ko, desmosomes were completely absent in Dp ko. Binding properties of the desmosomal adhesion molecules desmocollin (Dsc) 3 and desmoglein (Dsg) 3 remained unaltered under loss of Dp. Dp was required for assembling desmosomal cadherins into large clusters, as Dsg2 and Dsc3, adhesion molecules primarily localized within desmosomes, were redistributed into small puncta in the cell membrane of Dp ko cells. Additional silencing of desmosomal cadherins in Dp ko did not further increase loss of intercellular adhesion.CONCLUSIONOur data demonstrate that Dp is essential for desmosome formation but does not influence intercellular adhesion on the level of individual cadherin binding properties. Rather, macro‐clustering of desmosomal adhesion molecules through Dp is crucial. These results may help to better understand severe diseases which are caused by Dp dysfunction.
A paradigm shift in our view of species drives current trends in biological classification
Authors: Padial José M. , De la Riva Ignacio 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTDiscontent about changes in species classifications has grown in recent years. Many of these changes are seen as arbitrary, stemming from unjustified conceptual and methodological grounds, or leading to species that are less distinct than those recognised in the past. We argue that current trends in species classification are the result of a paradigm shift toward which systematics and population genetics have converged and that regards species as the phylogenetic lineages that form the branches of the Tree of Life. Species delimitation now consists of determining which populations belong to which individual phylogenetic lineage. This requires inferences on the process of lineage splitting and divergence, a process to which we have only partial access through incidental evidence and assumptions that are themselves subject to refutation. This approach is not free of problems, as horizontal gene transfer, introgression, hybridisation, incorrect assumptions, sampling and methodological biases can mislead inferences of phylogenetic lineages. Increasing precision is demanded through the identification of both sister relationships and processes blurring or mimicking phylogeny, which has triggered, on the one hand, the development of methods that explicitly address such processes and, on the other hand, an increase in geographical and character data sampling necessary to infer/test such processes. Although our resolving power has increased, our knowledge of sister relationships – what we designate as species resolution – remains poor for many taxa and areas, which biases species limits and perceptions about how divergent species are or ought to be. We attribute to this conceptual shift the demise of trinominal nomenclature we are witnessing with the rise of subspecies to species or their rejection altogether; subspecies are raised to species if they are found to correspond to phylogenetic lineages, while they are rejected as fabricated taxa if they reflect arbitrary partitions of continuous or non‐hereditary variation. Conservation strategies, if based on taxa, should emphasise species and reduce the use of subspecies to avoid preserving arbitrary partitions of continuous variation; local variation is best preserved by focusing on biological processes generating ecosystem resilience and diversity rather than by formally naming diagnosable units of any kind. Since many binomials still designate complexes of species rather than individual species, many species have been discovered but not named, geographical sampling is sparse, gene lineages have been mistaken for species, plenty of species limits remain untested, and many groups and areas lack adequate species resolution, we cannot avoid frequent changes to classifications as we address these problems. Changes will not only affect neglected taxa or areas, but also popular ones and regions where taxonomic research remained dormant for decades and old classifications were taken for granted.
Response of dung beetle taxonomic and functional diversity to livestock grazing in an arid ecosystem
Authors: Guerra Alonso Celeste Beatriz , Zurita Gustavo Andrés , Bellocq Maria Isabel 
Published: December 2020

1. The consequences of cattle raising on biodiversity have been extensively explored in the humid forests; however, its impact in dry forests is less understood. The Dry Chaco is the largest dry forest in South America and deforestation rates in this region are one of the highest in the world. Dung beetles play a key role in cattle dung burial, leading to improved soil quality and reducing parasite incidence. Consequently, sustainable management of cattle should preserve this taxon and associated ecosystem services.2. We compared the taxonomic and functional response of dung beetles to two different livestock managements with different conservation of tree cover (open pastures and silvopastoral systems) in the Dry Chaco.3. Through GLMM analysis, we compared richness, species abundance, taxonomic and functional composition, and three indices of functional diversity between native forest and cattle systems and explored the role of environmental variables to explain changes.4. We captured 2838 individuals of 45 species. Taxonomic and functional richness and functional composition were similar among habitats. Total abundance was greater in the native forest than in silvopastoral systems and pastures. However, functional evenness and dispersion were greater in pastures than in the native forest.5. Previous studies in humid forests showed the strong impact of cattle raising on dung beetle communities; however, the results of this study suggest that in dry forests ranching could have a low impact on native dung beetle diversity; however, reduced population abundance could result in impoverishment of dung beetle communities over time.
LncRNA COL1A2‐AS1 promotes skin fibroblast apoptosis by repressing p‐Smad3 and promoting β‐catenin expression
Authors: Li Jun , Gao Yanli , Li Qian , Chen Ling , Chen Yajun , Li Jingyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLncRNA COL1A2‐AS1 has been demonstrated to inhibit fibroblast proliferation of hypertrophic scars. However, the function of COL1A2‐AS1 in normal skin fibroblasts remains poorly studied. Here, we report that overexpression of COL1A2‐AS1 promoted normal skin fibroblast apoptosis. On the basis of mRNA‐seq data and gene set enrichment analysis plus Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis, 16 upregulated and 125 downregulated mRNAs were found; TGF‐β, Wnt, and MAPK pathways were potentially involved. Western blot assay confirmed that overexpression of COL1A2‐AS1 repressed p‐Smad3 expression and promoted β‐catenin expression. Furthermore, COL1A2‐AS1 overexpression combined with either TGF‐β1 or siRNA against β‐catenin reversed the upregulation of apoptosis in the COL1A2‐AS1 overexpression group. In conclusion, our study revealed the roles of COL1A2‐AS1 in normal skin fibroblast apoptosis, with COL1A2‐AS1 functioning by repressing p‐Smad3 expression and promoting β‐catenin expression.
An overlap graph model for large‐scale group decision making with social trust information considering the multiple roles of experts
Authors: Liao Huchang , Tan Runzhi , Tang Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial network analysis is an efficient tool to investigate the relationships of decision‐makers in large‐scale group decision making (LSGDM). Existing social network‐based LSGDM studies generally assumed that each decision‐maker has a single role or belongs to only one subgroup. The assumption that a decision‐maker has multiple roles or belongs to multiple subgroups is rarely taken into consideration. In this regard, this study proposes an overlap graph model (OGM) in which decision‐makers can participate in the decision‐making process in multiple roles to solve LSGDM problems with social trust information. In the OGM, decision‐makers are firstly divided into two types: multiple‐role decision‐makers and single‐role decision‐makers. Since it is unpractical for a decision‐maker to evaluate all others in a LSGDM problem, we then investigate how to construct a complete social trust network based on an Agent mechanism. A two‐stage consensus reaching process is proposed to reduce the discrepancies among decision‐makers: The first stage is for single‐role decision‐makers within a subgroup while the second stage is for Agents and multiple‐role decision‐makers. Finally, an illustrative example regarding selecting treatment plans for critical patients in COVID‐19 is provided to test the applicability and rationality of the proposed model.
Ultrahigh resolution electroanatomical mapping of the transverse conduction of the right atrial posterior wall in cases with and without typical atrial flutter
Authors: Sekihara Takayuki , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Nagao Moeko , Kakehashi Shota , Mukai Moe , Aoyama Daisetsu , Nodera Minoru , Eguchi Tomoya , Hasegawa Kanae , Uzui Hiroyasu , Tada Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) is known to form a conduction barrier during typical atrial flutter (AFL). We evaluated the transverse conduction properties of RAPW in patients with and without typical AFL using an ultrahigh resolution electroanatomical mapping system.Methods and ResultsThis study included 41 patients who underwent catheter ablation of AF, typical or atypical AFL, in whom we performed RAPW mapping with an ultrahigh resolution mapping system during typical AFL and coronary sinus ostial pacing with three different pacing cycle lengths (PCLs) (1) PCL1: PCL within 40 ms of the AFL cycle length in patients with typical AFL or 250–300 ms for those without, (2) PCL2: 400 ms, (3) PCL3: PCL just faster than the sinus rate. Local RAPW conduction block was evaluated by propagation mapping and local double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The functional block was defined as areas blocked during shorter PCLs but conductive during longer PCLs. The degree of blockade was calculated by dividing the blocked length by RAPW length (%blockade). Only two patients demonstrated a fixed complete RAPW block (100%, %blockade). Thirty‐one patients demonstrated a partial block of RAPW, and the %blockade during PCL1‐3 was 49.4 ± 19.8%, 39.5 ± 19.2%, and 35.0 ± 22.9% in this group, respectively. Functional block areas were frequently observed above the fixed block area adjacent to the RA‐inferior vena cava junction. Transverse conduction block was more frequently observed in patients with typical AFL at any longitudinal level of RAPW.ConclusionRAPW transverse conduction block is lower‐side dominant and greater in patients with typical AFL than those without.
Community Medication Education, Data, & Safety (C‐MEDS): Findings from a Pilot Project
Authors: Meyer Marsha , Enguidanos Susan , Zhu Yujun , Likar Denise , Batra Romilla 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesMedication‐related problems remain one of the largest health risks for older adults, yet there are few resources available to effectively reduce medication‐related problems for community dwelling older adults. The aim of this pilot program was to determine the effectiveness of a multifaceted medication intervention on medication adherence and self‐efficacy in medication use.DesignA single sample, pre‐post‐test design.SettingThis pilot study was conducted at Independence at Home, a Senior Care Action Network (SCAN) community service in Southern California.ParticipantsOne hundred and eighty community‐dwelling, diverse older adults with potential medication‐related problems and their caregivers.InterventionThe Community Medication Education, Data, & Safety (C‐MEDS) Program identified community‐dwelling older adults with potential medication‐related problems and provided in‐depth personalized medication safety, management and support, based on an in‐home assessment and interventions delivered by trained geriatrics experts including pharmacists, nurses, a community health worker, and a pharmacy technician.MeasurementsThe primary outcomes included medication use self‐efficacy, measured by the MUSE, and select medication adherence measures. Adherence was measured via pill count and via the MedAdhIR tool, a scale that measures risk for medication non‐adherence.ResultsFollowing participation in the C‐MEDS program, community‐dwelling older adult C‐MEDS graduates (n = 105) had higher self‐efficacy in managing medications (P < .001). Additionally, C‐MEDS graduates also exhibited increased adherence to three types of medications (statins, diabetes‐related, and certain hypertension drugs; P < .001). Moreover, risk of non‐adherence declined significantly following C‐MEDS graduation (P < .001).ConclusionC‐MEDS holds promise as an effective intervention among community‐dwelling older adults in improving medication self‐efficacy, medication adherence among select medications, and reducing risk for non‐adherence. Additional studies are needed to assess replicability and impact on clinical outcomes.
Isolated isoquercitrin from Green ball apple peel inhibits photoaging in CCD‐986Sk fibroblasts cells via modulation of the MMPs signaling
Authors: Lee Eun‐Ho , Park Hye‐Jin , Kim Han‐Hyuk , Jung Hee‐Young , Kang In‐Kyu , Cho Young‐Je 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is viewed as the main factor of skin aging, associated with acceleration of elastin, collagen degradation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Apples are one of the most commonly eaten fruits in the world, and isoquercitrin is the main active ingredient in new bred varieties “Green ball” apple. Therefore, we are studying the functionality of the active ingredient of apple, a natural raw material that does not have toxicity or sensitivity problems.ObjectivesThe aim of this study, we scrutinized the effects of isoquercitrin on skin photoaging in UVB‐exposed human fibroblasts (CCD‐986Sk).MethodsTo investigate the inhibition effect on photoaging factor regulation, isolated isoquercitrin were treated with UVB, which induces photoaging‐related factors in CCD‐986Sk fibroblast cells. Pro‐inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA, Western blotting and real‐time PCR.ResultsIsoquercitrin exhibited antioxidant activity and UVB‐induced generation of photoaging‐related factor inhibition without showing any toxicity. Anti‐photoaging effect for protein levels using Isoquercitin was competent, of both the combate MMP‐1 and MMP‐9. Also, effect of COL1A2 product significantly increase, from up regulating the TIMP‐1 mediated pathway in CCD‐986Sk cells via the inhibition of MMPs. Isoquercitrin also downregulated the mRNA gene expression of MMPs while upregulating type I procollagen, HAS2 by modulating TIMP‐1 and TGF‐β in UVB‐irradiated CCD‐986Sk cells.ConclusionsCollectively, our results show that isoquercitrin might be useful as a functional food while being a good candidate in the development of cosmetic products and medicines for the remedy of UVB‐induced skin photoaging.
The relationship between lichen planus and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Daye Munise , Temiz Selami Aykut , Isık Begüm 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveLichen planus (LP) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease. Chronic inflammatory diseases can cause metabolic complications. In the literature, data related to the relationship between lichen planus and metabolic syndrome (MS) are limited. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between MS and lichen planus with disease activity.MethodsThe patients diagnosed with lichen planus at the dermatology outpatient clinic between January 2018 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. 98 lichen planus cases, age‐ and sex‐matched 99 controls, 197 cases in total were included in the study.ResultsOf the 98 lichen planus cases included in the study, 60 (61%) were women. The mean age of the patients was 49.3 ± 14.4, and the average disease duration was 33.5 ± 31.4 months. 55 (55%) of the patients in the control group were female, and the mean age of the control group was 50 ± 13.2. The body mass index of LP cases was 29.5 ± 5.8, in the control group was 25.8 ± 3.7.Metabolic syndrome was found in 47 (48%) of 98 cases with lichen planus and 32.3% in the control group. MS in the lichen planus group was significantly higher than the control group (P = .025). Metabolic syndrome was detected in the oral lichen planus at the rate of 60% (12 cases). Although the incidence of MS was more common in the oral lichen planus, it was not statistically significant (P = .29). While no significant relationship was found between oral disease severity and metabolic syndrome (P = .19), a significant correlation was found between cutaneous disease severity and metabolic syndrome (P = .023).DiscussionThe risk of mucosal malignancy that can occur when following LP cases has been known for a long time. According to our results, caution should be taken in terms of metabolic complications in the follow‐up of LP cases, especially oral LP cases.
Autologous whole fat injection stimulates hair growth in resistant Androgenetic Alopecia: Report of nine cases
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Lotfi Elaheh , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Torkamaniha Elham , Hanifnia Amir Reza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe changes in morphology of hair follicle and aberrant cycling of hair follicle are the main reasons of the most common forms of hair loss (alopecia). However, existing alopecia treatments do not specifically target these processes.AimsAutologous whole fat injection suggests a paradigm shift that may offer alternative therapies that can be used to prevent hair loss. This study aimed to present clinical cases for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia by autologous whole fat injection in the scalp.MethodsNine patients with androgenetic alopecia (7 women and 2 men) were enrolled to our study. After lipoaspiration, autologous whole fat was injected into the patient's scalp. Hair regeneration was evaluated by three clinical tests: the pull test, hair quality, and hair density.ResultsFor all patients, before and after treatment, the number (density) and diameter of hair were calculated using trichograms. The pull test was also performed. The pictures were obtained before after treatment.ConclusionOur results showed that whole fat injection enormously can increase the level of hair growth.