bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy after ileostomy reversal for the prevention of wound healing complications in colorectal cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wierdak M. , Pisarska-Adamczyk M. , Wysocki M. , Major P. , Kołodziejska K. , Nowakowski M. , Vongsurbchart T. , Pędziwiatr M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of protective negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the reduction of wound healing complications (WHC) and surgical site infections (SSI) after diverting ileostomy closure in patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods
In this prospective randomized clinical trial in a tertiary academic surgical center, patients who had colorectal cancer surgery with protective loop ileostomy and were scheduled to undergo ileostomy closure with primary wound closure from January 2016 to December 2018 were randomized to be treated with or without NPWT. The primary endpoint was the incidence of WHC. Secondary endpoints were incidence of SSI, length of postoperative hospital stay (LOS), and length of complete wound healing (CWH) time.

Results
We enrolled 35 patients NPWT (24 males [68.6%]; mean age 61.6 ± 11.3 years), with NPWT and 36 patients (20 males [55.6%]; mean age 62.4 ± 11.3 years) with only primary wound closure (control group). WHC was observed in 11 patients (30.6%) in the control group and 3 (8.57%) in the NPWT group (p = 0.020). Patients in the NPWT group had a significantly lower incidence of SSI (2 [5.71%] vs. 8 [22.2%] in the control group; p = 0.046) as well as significantly shorter median CWH (7 [7–7] days vs. 7 [7–15.5] days, p = 0.030). There was no difference in median LOS between groups (3 [2.5–5] days in the control group vs. 4 [2–4] days in the NPWT group; p = 0.072).

Conclusions
Prophylactic postoperative NPWT after diverting ileostomy closure in colorectal cancer patients reduces the incidence of WRC and SSI.

Clinical trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04088162).
Communicating the hidden: toward a framework for drought risk communication in maritime climates
Authors: Weitkamp Emma , McEwen Lindsey , Ramirez Patty 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper explores stakeholder perspectives on the drought discourse in the UK, where climate change is predicted to increase drought risk. This study took a co-productive, mixed-methods approach to investigate drought risk communication issues through repeated engagements with local advisory groups in seven catchments across Britain and a national stakeholder competency group. These data were enriched by in-depth interviews with 17 statutory and non-statutory stakeholders working in a variety of capacities from water supply to habitat management. Codes were divided into contextual factors (cultural or drought specific factors) and individual factors (individual attributes relating to the person receiving the communication or factors within the control of communicators). The paper considers the implications of these contextual and personal factors for approaches to, and the framing of, drought risk communication (DRC). We conclude by proposing a framework for thinking about DRC in maritime climates where drought risk may not be readily perceived by some publics. This framework explores the role of heuristics in risk perception, and proposes a way of conceptualising publics that may more readily engage with DRC. In proposing the framework, we seek to stimulate new ways of thinking about DRC.
Modelling Joint Behaviour of Asset Prices Using Stochastic Correlation
Authors: Márkus László , Kumar Ashish 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAssociation or interdependence of two stock prices is analyzed, and selection criteria for a suitable model developed in the present paper. The association is generated by stochastic correlation, given by a stochastic differential equation (SDE), creating interdependent Wiener processes. These, in turn, drive the SDEs in the Heston model for stock prices. To choose from possible stochastic correlation models, two goodness-of-fit procedures are proposed based on the copula of Wiener increments. One uses the confidence domain for the centered Kendall function, and the other relies on strong and weak tail dependence. The constant correlation model and two different stochastic correlation models, given by Jacobi and hyperbolic tangent transformation of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (HtanOU) processes, are compared by analyzing daily close prices for Apple and Microsoft stocks. The constant correlation, i.e., the Gaussian copula model, is unanimously rejected by the methods, but all other two are acceptable at a 95% confidence level. The analysis also reveals that even for Wiener processes, stochastic correlation can create tail dependence, unlike constant correlation, which results in multivariate normal distributions and hence zero tail dependence. Hence models with stochastic correlation are suitable to describe more dangerous situations in terms of correlation risk.
Probability functions, belief functions and infinite regresses
Authors: Atkinson David , Peijnenburg Jeanne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a recent paper Ronald Meester and Timber Kerkvliet argue by example that infinite epistemic regresses have different solutions depending on whether they are analyzed with probability functions or with belief functions. Meester and Kerkvliet give two examples, each of which aims to show that an analysis based on belief functions yields a different numerical outcome for the agent’s degree of rational belief than one based on probability functions. In the present paper we however show that the outcomes are the same. The only way in which probability functions and belief functions can yield different solutions for the agent’s degree of belief is if they are applied to different examples, i.e. to different situations in which the agent finds himself.
Outpatient management of patients presenting with venous thromboembolism: Retrospective cohort study at 11 community hospitals
Authors: Khatib Rasha , Nitti Kara , McDowell Marc , Szymialis Rick , Blair Chris , Glowacki Nicole , Rhoades William 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA gap exists between clinical practice guidelines and real-world practice. We aim to investigate hospital admissions among patients presenting to emergency departments of 11 hospitals with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Eligible patients’ first emergency department VTE visit were retrospectively collected between 2013 and 2018 from electronic medical records (EMR). Patients were categorized at low risk of VTE complications if they were diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg or if they were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE) and had a PE score index < 85. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to measure the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of hospital admissions before and after clinical practice guidelines were updated to recommend outpatient management of DVT and PE with low risk of complications. A total of 13,677 patients were included in the analysis, of which 55% were diagnosed with DVT. Mean age was 65  ±  17 years, 54% were females, and 62% were Caucasian. Overall, 9281 patients were categorized at low risk VTE complications, of whom 77% were admitted for in-hospital management. The rate of in-hospital management declined from 81% in 2013 to 73% in 2018. Patients visiting emergency departments between 2016 and 2018 (post-guidelines) were equally likely to be admitted compared to patients visiting the emergency departments between 2013 and 2015 (pre-guidelines; OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.11). Results from this real-world study indicate that most low-risk VTE patients are admitted for in-hospital management, despite recommendations in clinical practice guidelines.
What Can Armstrongian Universals Do for Induction?
Authors: Peden William 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDavid Armstrong (1983) argues that necessitation relations among universals are the best explanation of some of our observations. If we consequently accept them into our ontologies, then we can justify induction, because these necessitation relations also have implications for the unobserved. By embracing Armstrongian universals, we can vindicate some of our strongest epistemological intuitions and answer the Problem of Induction. However, Armstrong’s reasoning has recently been challenged on a variety of grounds. Critics argue against both Armstrong’s usage of inference to the best explanation and even whether, by Armstrong’s own standards, necessitation relations offer a potential explanation of this explanandum, let alone thebestexplanation. I defend Armstrong against these particular criticisms. Firstly, even though there are reasons to think that Armstrong’s justification fails as a self-contained defence of induction, it can usefully complement several other answers to Hume. Secondly, I argue that Armstrong’s reasoning is consistent with his own standards for explanation.
Real-time video fire/smoke detection based on CNN in antifire surveillance systems
Authors: Saponara Sergio , Elhanashi Abdussalam , Gagliardi Alessio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work presents a real-time video-based fire and smoke detection using YOLOv2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in antifire surveillance systems. YOLOv2 is designed with light-weight neural network architecture to account the requirements of embedded platforms. The training stage is processed off-line with indoor and outdoor fire and smoke image sets in different indoor and outdoor scenarios. Ground truth labeler app is used to generate the ground truth data from the training set. The trained model was tested and compared to the other state-of-the-art methods. We used a large scale of fire/smoke and negative videos in different environments, both indoor (e.g., a railway carriage, container, bus wagon, or home/office) or outdoor (e.g., storage or parking area). YOLOv2 is a better option compared to the other approaches for real-time fire/smoke detection. This work has been deployed in a low-cost embedded device (Jetson Nano), which is composed of a single, fixed camera per scene, working in the visible spectral range. There are not specific requirements for the video camera. Hence, when the proposed solution is applied for safety on-board vehicles, or in transport infrastructures, or smart cities, the camera installed in closed-circuit television surveillance systems can be reused. The achieved experimental results show that the proposed solution is suitable for creating a smart and real-time video-surveillance system for fire/smoke detection.
Ethno-religious socialisation, national culture and the social construction of British Muslim identity
Authors: Timol Riyaz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper interfaces a specific theory of socialisation, derived from Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s influential bookThe Social Construction of Reality, with the empirical story of Muslim settlement in Britain. It makes a key distinction between the primary socialisation experiences of immigrants, which unfolded in their countries of origin, and that of their diaspora-born offspring whose identity is forged between an inherited ethno-religious culture and the wider British collective conscience. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted with the Islamic revivalist movement Tablighi Jama’at, the paper explores the cultural embodiments of religion as it evolves over generations through an examination of identity markers such as language, dress and food. The analysis triangulates Berger and Luckmann’s concepts of primary and secondary socialisation with a tripartite model of British Muslim identity developed by Ron Geaves. It further argues, in light of Kwame Gyekye’s theory of nation-building, that recent government efforts to promulgate a set of fundamental British values in schools represent an essentially Durkheimian attempt to supply the ‘social glue’ that binds citizens together. While the article acknowledges the increasing salience of religion for many British-born Muslims, it argues for the ongoing influence of ethnicity and nationality in determining their lived experience.
A dynamic programming algorithm for solving the k-Color Shortest Path Problem
Authors: Ferone Daniele , Festa Paola , Fugaro Serena , Pastore Tommaso 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeveral variants of the classical Constrained Shortest Path Problem have been presented in the literature so far. One of the most recent is thek-Color Shortest Path Problem($$k$$k-CSPP), that arises in the field of transmission networks design. The problem is formulated on a weighted edge-colored graph and the use of the colors as edge labels allows to take into account the matter of path reliability while optimizing its cost. In this work, we propose a dynamic programming algorithm and compare its performances with two solution approaches: a Branch and Bound technique proposed by the authors in their previous paper and the solution of the mathematical model obtained with CPLEX solver. The results gathered in the numerical validation evidenced how the dynamic programming algorithm vastly outperformed previous approaches.
Numerical investigations regarding a novel process chain for the production of a hybrid bearing bushing
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Maier Hans Jürgen , Poll Gerhard , Wriggers Peter , Aldakheel Fadi , Klose Christian , Nürnberger Florian , Pape Florian , Böhm Christoph , Chugreeva Anna , Coors Timm , Duran Deniz , Thürer Susanne E. , Herbst Sebastian , Hwang Jae-Il , Matthias Tim , Heimes Norman , Uhe Johanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis contribution deals with the numerical investigations to develop a novel process chain for hybrid solid components using Tailored Forming. For manufacturing a hybrid bearing bushing, co-extrusion is the first step to produce hybrid semi-finished workpieces followed by a die forging process, machining processes and hardening. Combining aluminium with steel, compounds with wear-resistant functional surfaces and reduced weight are realised. Numerical simulations are a decisive part of the process chain design, for example to determine suitable process parameters for the co-extrusion process and to predict the thickness of intermetallic phases in the joining zone using a macroscopic phenomenological model. A numerical design including a tool analysis of the die forging process was carried out taking the experimentally determined material properties and the temperature profile after inductive heating into account. Additionally, the damage and fatigue behaviour of the polycrystalline material of the joining zone are modelled at the microstructure level. Moreover, a new discretization scheme, namely the virtual element method, which is more efficient at grain level, is developed regarding a crystal plasticity framework. Numerical simulations are used to develop inductive heating strategies for the forming process and for the design of the inductive hardening of the functional surface at the end of the process chain. In order to investigate the performance of this hybrid machine element under application-oriented conditions, a contact simulation is linked with a statistical damage model to calculate the bearing fatigue. In this study, a general overview of the individual process steps is given and results of the respective models are presented.
Patients with pemphigus are at an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: a large-scale cohort study
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Jones Virginia A. , Patel Payal M. , Zelber-Sagi Shira , Hammers Christoph M. , Damiani Giovanni , Amber Kyle T. , Cohen Arnon D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractData regarding the association between pemphigus and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is inconclusive and yet to be firmly established. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of developing RA during the course of pemphigus. A large-scale population-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of RA among 1985 patients with pemphigus relative to 9874 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects. A multivariate Cox regression model was utilized. The incidence of RA was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.62–1.72) and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.24–0.52) per 1000 person-years among patients with pemphigus and controls, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of RA was 2.3% (95% CI, 1.7–3.1%) among cases and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.5–2.0%) among controls. Patients with pemphigus were more than twice as likely to develop RA as compared to control subjects (adjusted HR, 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–4.92). The increased risk was robust to a sensitivity analysis that included only cases managed by pemphigus-related systemic medications (adjusted HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.30–5.05). In conclusion, pemphigus is associated with an increased risk of RA. Physicians treating patients with pemphigus should be aware of this possible association. Further research is required to better understand the mechanism underlying this association.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Pulmonary Hypertension—an Update
Authors: Alabed Samer , Garg Pankaj , Johns Christopher S. , Alandejani Faisal , Shahin Yousef , Dwivedi Krit , Zafar Hamza , Wild James M , Kiely David G , Swift Andrew J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This article reviews advances over the past 3 years in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We aim to bring the reader up-to-date with CMR applications in diagnosis, prognosis, 4D flow, strain analysis, T1 mapping, machine learning and ongoing research.

Recent Findings
CMR volumetric and functional metrics are now established as valuable prognostic markers in PH. This imaging modality is increasingly used to assess treatment response and improves risk stratification when incorporated into PH risk scores. Emerging techniques such as myocardial T1 mapping may play a role in the follow-up of selected patients. Myocardial strain may be used as an early marker for right and left ventricular dysfunction and a predictor for mortality. Machine learning has offered a glimpse into future possibilities. Ongoing research of new PH therapies is increasingly using CMR as a clinical endpoint.

Summary
The last 3 years have seen several large studies establishing CMR as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool in patients with PH, with CMR increasingly considered as an endpoint in clinical trials of PH therapies. Machine learning approaches to improve automation and accuracy of CMR metrics and identify imaging features of PH is an area of active research interest with promising clinical utility.
Smoking-Related Social Control in Indonesian Single-Smoker Couples
Authors: Ayuningtyas DA , Tuinman Marrit , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Hagedoorn Mariët 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of Indonesian smokers are men and those who are married nearly always have a non-smoking wife (i.e. single-smoker couples). Previous studies have suggested that Indonesian women dislike smoking. However, contesting their husbands’ smoking could be seen as disrespectful. In this study, we examine whether, and if so how, wives employ social control tactics to change their husbands’ smoking and how the smokers perceive the tactics.MethodIn-depth interviews (N = 12) with five single-smoker couples (N = 10 individual interviews) and two non-smoking wives of smokers (N = 2) were conducted in Jogjakarta, Indonesia. We used a social control framework and thematic analysis approach to analyse the transcribed interviews.ResultsThree themes emerged from smokers and their wives: (1) although the wives know that smoking is bad, they have to tolerate it, (2) wives and their husbands find it important to maintain harmony and (3) their family’s needs serve as common ground. All the wives interviewed exerted social control to some degree, especially when they were pregnant or had children. Smokers reacted positively to social control and agreed to child-related house rules, but not to requests to give up smoking.ConclusionWives do exert social control and smokers are willing to accommodate and adapt their smoking. However, wives’ influence on smoking may be limited in Indonesia, and focusing on managing their husbands’ smoking at home rather than overall smoking might be more fruitful.
Review, impact of land use/cover change on soil erosion in the Lake Tana Basin, Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Alemsha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLake Tana Basin is located in upper Blue Nile Basin which is comprises a total area of 15,096 km2of which 3063 km2is covered by the Lake which is the source of Blue Nile river. Lake Tana Basin and Blue Nile River provide various benefits also for downstream countries. The basin is highly degraded by different natural and manmade problems and it influence both Ethiopia and downstream countries. The main cause of basin degradation is inappropriate LULC. Huge area of cultivated land using without suitable management is the major basin problem. It is due to insure food security coming from unprecedented population growth rate. Forested land has encouraged the infiltration capacity and permeability of the land. It helps to increase the recharge capacity contribute to base flow whereas it is vice versa for cultivated land which is quick overland flow and significant soil erosion have observed. Besides, the soil erosion from agricultural land is the main source of nutrient enters to the lake which is the cause for eutrophication. To combat such problems both up and downstream countries should discuss together and design and implement appropriate basin management strategies to sustain the biodiversity and hydrological system of the basin.
Initial conceptual demonstration of control co-design for WEC optimization
Authors: Coe Ryan G. , Bacelli Giorgio , Olson Sterling , Neary Vincent S. , Topper Mathew B. R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile some engineering fields have benefited from systematic design optimization studies, wave energy converters have yet to successfully incorporate such analyses into practical engineering workflows. The current iterative approach to wave energy converter design leads to sub-optimal solutions. This short paper presents an open-source MATLAB toolbox for performing design optimization studies on wave energy converters where power take-off behavior and realistic constraints can be easily included. This tool incorporates an adaptable control co-design approach, in that a constrained optimal controller is used to simulate device dynamics and populate an arbitrary objective function of the user’s choosing. A brief explanation of the tool’s structure and underlying theory is presented. To demonstrate the capabilities of the tool, verify its functionality, and begin to explore some basic wave energy converter design relationships, three conceptual case studies are presented. In particular, the importance of considering (and constraining) the magnitudes of device motion and forces in design optimization is shown.