bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinctiveness and significance of body dissatisfaction and overvaluation among Latinx/Hispanic and White men and women
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Cotter Elizabeth W. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the distinctiveness and significance of two body image constructs, dissatisfaction with weight and shape and overvaluation of weight and shape, with respect to eating disorder psychopathology, weight, and depression in White and Latinx/Hispanic men and women.MethodsParticipants were White (n = 1,941) and Latinx/Hispanic (n = 568) adults living in the United States who completed an online battery of established measures of body image, eating disorder psychopathology and behaviors, and depression.ResultsTwo body image constructs, dissatisfaction with weight and shape and overvaluation of weight and shape, were related to each other but showed some important distinctions in their associations with eating‐ and weight‐related variables. Significantly greater proportions of White than Latinx/Hispanic individuals reported co‐occurring dissatisfaction and overvaluation, and significantly greater proportions of Latinx/Hispanic than White individuals reported dissatisfaction alone. Ethnicity moderated the association of dissatisfaction and overvaluation with body mass index (BMI), and the association of overvaluation with depression. Ethnicity also had a main effect on binge‐eating frequency.ConclusionsDissatisfaction and overvaluation were distinct among both Latinx/Hispanic and White individuals. However, associations with eating‐ and weight‐related variables varied between ethnicities, suggesting a need for further research on the influence of cultural variables on body image and eating disorder psychopathology.
Pollinator dependence but no pollen limitation for eight plants occurring north of the Arctic Circle
Authors: Koch Viviane , Zoller Leana , Bennett Joanne M. , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffective interactions between plants and pollinators are essential for the reproduction of plant species. Pollinator exclusion experiments and pollen supplementation experiments quantify the degree to which plants depend on animal pollinators and the degree to which plant reproduction is pollen limited. Pollen supplementation experiments have been conducted across the globe, but are rare in high latitude regions. To fill this knowledge gap, we experimentally investigated the dependence on animal pollinators and magnitude of pollen limitation in eight plant species north of the Arctic Circle in Lapland, Finland. Our findings show that all plant species were pollinator dependent, but not pollen limited. We discuss several mechanisms that might buffer our focal plants from pollen limitation, including plant and pollinator generalization, and attractive plant traits. Our results demonstrate that many plant species north of the Arctic Circle are currently receiving adequate pollinator service and provide a baseline for future comparisons of pollinator dependence and pollen limitation in the Arctic across space and time.
N‐terminal pro BNP and galectin‐3 are prognostic biomarkers of acute heart failure in sub‐Saharan Africa: lessons from the BAHEF trial
Authors: Sani Mahmoud U. , Damasceno Albertino , Davison Beth A. , Cotter Gad , Mayosi Bongani M. , Edwards Christopher , Azibani Feriel , Adam Tasneem , Arif Gulnaze , Jessen Neusa , Sliwa Karen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThe relationship between N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro‐BNP) and galectin‐3 and outcomes has not been studied in African patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The current analysis sought to describe the association between plasma levels of NT‐pro‐BNP and galectin‐3 and cardiovascular (CV) death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization, as well as their associations with symptoms and echocardiography markers of left and right ventricular remodelling among AHF patientsv in sub‐Saharan Africa.Methods and resultsIn a subset of 80 patients with complete data in a study assessing the effects of hydralazine and nitrates in patients with AHF (BAHEF trial; NCT01822808), NT‐pro‐BNP and galectin‐3 analyses were performed, and the association with various characteristics and outcome measures assessed. The mean age of the patients for whom the aforementioned biomarkers were measured was 52.6 years, with 52.5% women. Galectin‐3 at baseline predicted changes (Week 24 to baseline) in left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. Biomarkers and their changes were not associated with changes in 6 min walk test at 24 weeks. Baseline galectin‐3 and change in NT‐pro‐BNP were associated with improvements in dyspnoea at 24 weeks. Nine patients had an HF readmission or died of CV causes through 24 weeks (11.6%). Both biomarkers at baseline predicted combined CV death or HF hospitalization through Week 24 (P‐values = 0.0328 and 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsIn a cohort of patients with AHF from sub‐Saharan Africa, NT‐pro‐BNP and galectin‐3 at baseline and their changes were associated with some changes in dyspnoea, echocardiographic remodelling, and CV death or HF hospitalization through Week 24. These tests have potential of being used for risk stratification of AHF patients in sub‐Saharan Africa where resources are scarce.
Electrochemical Investigation of Gold Based Screen Printed Electrodes: An Application for a Seafood Toxin Detection
Authors: Koç Yücel , Moralı Uğur , Erol Salim , Avci Huseyin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough commercial screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) are used extensively for biosensor purposes nowadays, detailed studies on characterization are still limited. In this study, the surface of the gold‐based screen‐printed electrode (SPGE) was carefully modified with self‐assembly‐monolayer through an optimized immobilization procedure. The key physical and chemical properties with regeneration capacity of the developed biosensors were assessed by various characterization techniques. Then SPGE was used to determine its sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for a toxin substance of domoic acid in seafood that has become more common and rising concern of marine wildlife and seawater pollution. LOD in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture media were obtained as 2.93 ng mL−1 and 4.28 ng mL−1, respectively. The reduced sensitivity for antibody‐based biosensors in the cell culture medium was probably due to interaction of nonspecific compounds with DA in the culture medium compared to the much less complex environment of PBS. In addition, the regeneration capacity has been found very limited due to inherent heterogeneity and low robustness. This study can be used for the main challenges with the design requirements of commercial SPE‐based biosensors to provide a detailed perspective for further toxicity studies.
Determination of PEGylation homogeneity of polyethylene glycol‐modified canine uricase
Authors: Li Haigang , Huo JingJing , Sun Dan , Guo Yong , Jiang Liang , Zhang Haijuan , Shi Xiaowei , Zhao Zhilong , Zhou Jinchuan , Hu Chunlan , Zhang Chun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyethylene glycol‐modified canine uricase (PEG‐UHC) was prepared by modifying the ε‐amino group of lysine residues on the canine uricase (UHC) protein to near‐saturation with 5 kDa monomethoxyl‐polyethylene glycol succinimide (mPEG‐SPA‐5k). In order to accurately determine the PEGylation uniformity of PEG‐UHC, CZE, 3–8% gradient gel SDS‐PAGE, and imaging CIEF (iCIEF) analyses were compared. CZE could not effectively separate PEG‐UHC proteins with different degrees of modification, 3–8% gradient gel SDS‐PAGE could separate PEG‐UHC into seven gel bands; however, most of the gel bands were smeared or blurred, and the separation of PEG‐UHC samples by iCIEF was significantly better than that by 3–8% gradient gel SDS‐PAGE. Under denatured conditions, iCIEF separated 12 pI peaks, and could also accurately quantify the relative monomer PEG‐UHC content. More than 85% of the total monomeric PEG‐UHC was conjugated with 7–12 PEG molecules; of this 85%, approximately 40% was conjugated with 9–10 PEG molecules. These results demonstrated that iCIEF exhibits good potential for determining the PEGylation homogeneity of PEGylated protein drugs.
Characterizing rates of physical activity in individuals with binge eating disorder using wearable sensor technologies and clinical interviews
Authors: Wons Olivia B. , Michael Megan L. , Lin Mandy , Juarascio Adrienne S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveResearch suggests physical activity (PA) improves behavioural, psychological and behavioural symptoms in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED), yet self‐reported PA is notably low. Little remains known about objective rates of PA and subclinical levels of maladaptive PA (i.e., compensatory or driven PA), and few studies have attempted to understand the role that dissatisfaction and overvaluation with shape and weight plays in promoting PA in individuals with BED. We sought to characterize PA and investigate whether elevated rates of shape and weight concerns contribute to rates of PA in individuals with BED.MethodIndividuals meeting DSM‐5 diagnosis of BED (N = 56) completed the Eating Disorder Examination and wore a Fitbit Flex 2 for 1 week.ResultsOn average, participants recorded 7621.12 (SD = 3034.20) daily steps and 194.30 (SD = 161.45) weekly moderate‐to‐vigorous PA minutes. About 21% of participants reported subclinical levels of maladaptive PA. Greater shape and weight overvaluation predicted lower duration of compensatory PA.ConclusionA small percentage of individuals with BED are engaging in subclinical levels of maladaptive PA, and there is a need to identify factors that influence rates of PA in individuals with BED.
Robust methods for the decomposition and interpretation of compound dunes applied to a complex hydromorphological setting
Authors: Scheiber Leon , Lojek Oliver , Götschenberg Axel , Visscher Jan , Schlurmann Torsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderwater dunes are a morphological feature that are explored by marine scientists and coastal engineers alike. This study presents new methodologies in order to simplify bedform identification and morphodynamic analyses. Specifically, subaqueous compound dunes are decomposed with a simple yet extensive tracking algorithm, which relies on a repeated evaluation of unfiltered bed elevation profiles according to five predefined length classes. In a second step, morphological trends are assessed in the form of bed migration rates, bed slope asymmetries and net sediment changes, in which all parameters are referred to equidistant sections of the examined fairway stretch. This integrated approach not only avoids the challenges in weighting the varying size and abundance of dunes of different scales but also ensures comparability between dune‐specific and areal parameters, which significantly improves the interpretation of the morphological setting as a whole. The developed methods are applied to the Outer Jade fairway, an anthropogenically influenced and regularly maintained waterway in the German Bight, and allow scrutiny of spatio‐temporal trends in this region.Based on a unique data set of 100 sequential high‐quality echo‐sounding surveys, various types of bedforms are identified, comprising large‐scale primary as well as superimposing secondary dunes that are assumed to interfere with each other. Temporal trends show a long‐term rise of the troughs of major bedforms and constant maximum crest elevations near the official maintenance depth, which matches the observed long‐term aggradation of sediments. The spatial distribution of integrated morphodynamic parameters reflects a previously described zone of primary dune convergence and facilitates the precise localization of this geophysical singularity. The presented findings both confirm the robustness of the proposed methodologies and, in return, enhance the understanding of morphological processes in the Outer Jade. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Blockchain and extreme learning machine based spectrum management in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Rajesh Babu C. , Amutha B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent times, spectrum sensing and spectrum management become a crucial design issue in cognitive radio networks (CRN). To improve the spectrum utilization in CRN, the secondary users (SUs) will try to utilize the spectrum resource when it is unoccupied by the authorized primary users (PUs). At the same time, blockchain principle has been introduced to efficiently identify the legitimate SUs and allocate the spectrum resource as per the demand specified by the SUs. In this view, this article presents a new machine learning (ML) with blockchain‐based spectrum management technique in CRN. The proposed model undergoes three processes, namely spectrum sensing, blockchain‐based spectrum access, and malicious user (MU) identification. Initially, ML‐based extreme learning machine (ELM) technique is applied for spectrum sensing. Then, the presented blockchain approach provides secured spectrum allocation for SUs. Finally, the MUs are identified and to be blocked from accessing the available spectrum resource. An extensive simulation analysis is carried out to ensure the goodness of the proposed model. The obtained results indicated that the proposed model has offered better performance compared with other methods. The experimental outcome stated that under the presence of −20 dB SNR, the proposed method has attained a maximum detection rate of 0.68, whereas the KNN and OR rule methods have demonstrated a minimum detection rate of 0.58 and 0.5, respectively.
Implicitly coupled phase fraction equations for polydisperse flows
Authors: Keser Robert , Ceschin Alberto , Battistoni Michele , Im Hong G. , Jasak Hrvoje 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work presents the implementation, verification and the validation of an incompressible Eulerian multifluid model for polydisperse flows. The proposed model uses a novel monolithic, that is, implicitly coupled phase continuity equation for an arbitrary number of fluids, where the breakup source and sink terms are handled implicitly in the block‐system. The implemented model is tested for an upward bubbly flow inside a large vertical pipe. The selected flow conditions exhibit both breakup and coalescence. The grid refinement study is conducted on four structured grids with varying levels of refinement. In the validation section, the numerical results are compared to the TOPFLOW experimental measurements. The last presented test examines the performance of the novel implicitly coupled phase continuity equation to the corresponding segregated formulation and the standard segregated formulation. The performance is evaluated by comparing the conservation error over the nonlinear iterations. The presented model exhibits good agreement with the experimental measurements and gives stable results on various grids with different levels of refinement. Moreover, the implicit coupling reduces the conservation error during the calculation.
The protective effect of walnut oil on lipopolysaccharide–induced acute intestinal injury in mice
Authors: Miao Fujun , Shan Chunlan , Shah Syed Aftab Hussain , Akhtar Rana Waseem , Geng Shuxiang , Ning Delu , Wang Xuanjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWalnut oil (WO) is widely used in traditional medicine, and it has become a dietary supplement in many countries. We isolated walnut oil from Juglans sigillata and evaluated its protective effects on acute intestinal injury, and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mice was studied. The results showed that the LPS + WO group significantly decreased serum tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐1β levels and increased the jejunum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) levels compared with the LPS group. Walnut oil ameliorated the pathological morphology of the LPS‐induced acute jejunum injury and decreased jejunum cells apoptosis rate and TLR4/NF‐κB protein expression. Furthermore, the expression of the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway key gene mRNA significantly reduced after treatment with walnut oil. This study concludes that walnut oil can exert the protective effect on LPS‐induced acute intestinal injury in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
The role of hippocampal theta oscillations in working memory impairment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Costers Lars , Van Schependom Jeroen , Laton Jorne , Baijot Johan , Sjøgård Martin , Wens Vincent , De Tiège Xavier , Goldman Serge , D'Haeseleer Miguel , D'hooghe Marie Beatrice , Woolrich Mark , Nagels Guy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWorking memory (WM) problems are frequently present in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Even though hippocampal damage has been repeatedly shown to play an important role, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological underpinnings of WM impairment in MS using magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from a visual‐verbal 2‐back task. We analysed MEG recordings of 79 MS patients and 38 healthy subjects through event‐related fields and theta (4–8 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) oscillatory processes. Data was source reconstructed and parcellated based on previous findings in the healthy subject sample. MS patients showed a smaller maximum theta power increase in the right hippocampus between 0 and 400 ms than healthy subjects (p = .014). This theta power increase value correlated negatively with reaction time on the task in MS (r = −.32, p = .029). Evidence was provided that this relationship could not be explained by a ‘common cause’ confounding relationship with MS‐related neuronal damage. This study provides the first neurophysiological evidence of the influence of hippocampal dysfunction on WM performance in MS.
Solid organ transplantation worsens the prognosis of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region—Comparison between solid organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients
Authors: Ritter Amit , Badir Samih , Mansour Muhammad , Segal Zvi , Ad‐El Dean , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas , Popovtzer Aron , Mizrachi Aviram 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSCC‐HN) appears to behave more aggressively in immunosuppressed patients. We aimed to investigate this hypothesis by comparing solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) with CSCC‐HN to immunocompetent patients.MethodsA retrospective comparative study was conducted for SOTR and immunocompetent patients who were treated for CSCC‐HN.ResultsA total of 177 SOTR and 157 immunocompetent patients with CSCC‐HN were included. Lymph node metastases were more common in the SOTR group (9% vs 3%), and distant metastases occurred only in SOTR (3% of patients). SOTR had a higher rate of recurrences (19% vs 10%), which were mostly regional (7%) and distant (3%). The 2‐year disease‐specific survival of SOTR was lower (93% vs 100%).ConclusionsSOTR with CSCC‐HN has significantly worse outcomes compared to immunocompetent patients. Solid‐organ transplantation should be regarded as a negative prognostic factor in patients with CSCC‐HN.
Ambulatory thyroidectomy is safe and beneficial in papillary thyroid carcinoma: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Xia Fada , Wang Wenlong , Jiang Bo , Yao Lei , Huang Yun , Li Xinying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, no randomized controlled trial has been performed to investigate the safety profiles, economic benefit and mental health of ambulatory thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsPatients diagnosed with PTC were enrolled in this study and were randomly assigned to ambulatory group and control group. The safety profiles, economic benefit and mental health were investigated.ResultsFour hundred and eleven patients completed the study. There was no significant difference in demographic or tumor index. The incidence of complications was not significantly different (P = .631). The economic cost was significantly lower (P < .001) and hospitalization was significantly shorter (P < .001) in ambulatory group. No significant difference was shown in depression (P = .758) and stress disorder (P = .390). However, the ambulatory group showed a higher point of anxiety (P < .001).ConclusionThe ambulatory thyroidectomy is safe in patients with PTC, with significant benefits of economic cost and hospitalization.
Not only gustatory sweating and flushing: Signs and symptoms associated to the Frey syndrome and the role of botulinum toxin A therapy
Authors: Marchese Maria Raffaella , Bussu Francesco , Settimi Stefano , Scarano Emanuele , Almadori Giovanni , Galli Jacopo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe classic symptoms of Frey syndrome are gustatory sweating and flushing. Aims of the study were to describe prevalenceand severity of typical and atypical presentations of the disorder and to assess the effects of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) therapy in patients with Frey syndrome after parotidectomy.MethodsIn this prospective, observational study on 18 patients, we assessed symptom severity before therapy, after 15 days, 1, 3 and 6 months' follow‐up with the sweating‐flushing‐itch‐paresthesia‐pain (SFIPP) Frey scale specifically designed by the authors themselves for this study.ResultsBefore BoNT‐A injection, all patients (100%) complained gustatory sweating, 80% paresthesia, 77% gustatory flushing, 60% pain and 60% gustatory itch. The SFIPP‐Frey overall score and the symptom‐specific ones decreased significantly at each post‐therapy control.ConclusionsThe prevalence of “unusual” manifestations is not negligible. BoNT‐A improves symptoms severity. The SFIPP‐Frey scale may be useful to assess symptoms and to monitor post‐therapy outcomes.
Effects of internal heat generation and Lorentz force on unsteady hybrid nanoliquid flow and heat transfer along a moving plate with nonuniform temperature
Authors: Vemula Rajesh , Kavitha M. , Sheremet Mikhail A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the studyThis study aims to explore the transient magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer thermal convective flow of a hybrid nanoliquid past a moving vertical plate under the influence of internal heat generation and variable surface temperature.The research methodologyThe problem is modeled by coupled nonlinear partial differential equations with relevant boundary conditions. Formulated control equations are worked out using the robust implicit finite‐difference technique. The current work is validated with existing literature for special cases of the problem. The impact of important characteristics on hydrodynamic and thermal patterns, accompanied by skin friction parameter and Nusselt number, is scrutinized graphically.The major conclusion of the studyImpacts of MHD, inner thermal generation, and variable surface temperature on nanoliquid circulation and energy transport are studied. It has been found that velocity, temperature, and skin friction coefficient increase with the increase in the heat generation parameter, whereas the Nusselt number reduces with such parameter.The significance of the studyObtained results can be used in different engineering devices, including heat exchangers, solar collectors, and chemical reactors.