bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Convergence on Lipogenesis in RAS, BCR-ABL, and MYC-driven Lymphoid Malignancies
Authors: Liefwalker Daniel , Ryan Meital , Lai Ian , Mosley Adriane , Dewson Gabrielle , Casey Stephanie , Swaminathan Srividya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Metabolic re-programming is a central feature in many cancer subtypes and a hallmark of cancer. Many therapeutic strategies attempt to exploit this feature, although often having unintended side effects on normal metabolic programs and limited efficacy due to integrative nature of metabolic substrate sourcing. Although the initiating oncogenic lesion may vary, in lymphoid malignancies tumor cells often share similar environments and potentially similar metabolic profiles. Methods We searched publicly available data sets for common metabolic convergence in lymphoma and leukemia. Using in vitro cell lines derived in from conditional MYC, RAS, and BCR-ABL transgenic murine models we examine metabolic profiles of lipogenesis. We then utilize preclinical murine models and transgenic primary model of T-ALL to determine the effect of lipogenesis blockade across BCR-ABL, RAS, and c-MYC-driven lymphoid malignancies. Statistical significance was calculated using unpaired T tests and one-way ANOVA. Results We find that de novo lipid biogenesis is a shared feature of several lymphoma subtypes. Using cell lines derived in from conditional MYC, RAS, and BCR-ABL transgenic murine models we demonstrate shared responses to inhibition of lipogenesis by the acetyl-coA carboxylase inhibitor 5-(Tetradecloxy)-2-furic Acid (TOFA). We identify specific cell death responses to TOFA in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate delayed engraftment and progression in vivo in transplanted lymphoma cell lines. We also observed delayed progression of T-ALL in a primary transgenic mouse model upon TOFA administration. In a panel of human cell lines, we demonstrate sensitivity to TOFA treatment as a feature of MYC high expressing lymphoma cell lines. Conclusions These studies indicate that inhibition of lipogenesis may be a common survival strategy for many lymphomas and that high MYC expression is predictive of sensitivity to blockade of fatty acid synthesis. Trial Registration This study does not include any clinical interventions on human subjectsTrial RegistrationThis study does not include any clinical interventions on human subjects
A Targeted Review of Breast Cancer Studies of Concordance for an Internationally-Implemented Artificially Intelligent Clinical Decision-Support System
Authors: Arriaga Yull Edwin , Hekmat Rezzan , Draulis Karlis , Wang Suwei , Preininger Anita M , Morgan Laura C. , Lindsley Kristina , Felix Winnie , Dankwa-Mullan Irene , Rhee Kyu , Jackson Gretchen P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer has the highest incidence and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. IBM Watson® for Oncology (WfO), an artificial intelligence-based clinical decision-support system, provides therapeutic options for consideration to cancer-treating physicians. We conducted a targeted review of studies evaluating concordance of therapeutic options offered by the system with treatment decisions by practicing clinicians in breast cancer. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, trial registers, conference abstracts, and an internal publication database were searched to identify studies evaluating the concordance of system-generated therapeutic options with treatment decisions by individual clinicians and multidisciplinary tumor boards for breast cancer patients reported in peer-reviewed abstracts or papers published in English between 01/01/2015 and 11/15/2019.Results: Ten breast cancer concordance studies (4703 patients) that met the inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed; the identified studies were from China, India, and Thailand. The weighted mean concordance for all studies was 67.4% (SD 16.0%, range 55.0% - 98.0%). The weighted mean concordance of the system with multidisciplinary tumor boards was 88.2%, (SD 9.7%, range 76.5% - 98.0%), which was substantially higher than concordance between the system and individual clinicians (61.5% , SD 10.1%, range 55.0% -76.0%).Conclusion: Concordance between system-generated therapeutic options and treatment decisions of multidisciplinary tumor boards or individual clinicians for breast cancer demonstrated overall agreement between the system and decisions of practicing cancer-treating physicians in China, India and Thailand. As multidisciplinary tumor boards may lead to higher quality clinical decision-making compared to those of individual clinicians in practice, the relatively higher concordance of the system with multidisciplinary tumor boards suggests a role for clinical decision support to inform clinicians of evidence-informed treatment options.
RootIX: An Easy and Ready to Use Tool for the Study of Plant Root Growth and Architecture.
Authors: Gotté Maxime , Arnaudin Quentin , Durambur Gaëlle , Laloum Yohana , Driouich Azeddine , Follet-Gueye Marie-Laure , Nguema-Ona Eric , Vicré-Gibouin Maité 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Agronomical and plant physiological studies employ a large variety of compounds that impact root development. The effect of these compounds is often evaluated by root architecture analyses using dedicated software. During the past decade, a growing number of tools proposed complex and deep analysis of the root system architecture. While these software applications are often complex and require specific set up, here, we propose a simple method based on the most common tools used by biologists: ImageJ and Excel®.Results: First, roots are measured manually with ImageJ following a succession of operations (i. choose a plant; ii. Measure: a. the primary root - b. lateral roots). Secondly, RootIX, an Excel file with dedicated macros that will automatically extract, sort and treat the data, is launched. Tables and graphics describing the data are generated. Root length, elongation rate and additional lateral roots are the main indicators provided among many others. We evaluated the effect of algae extracts on tomato roots growth with RootIX. We highlighted that these compounds negatively affect root growth while promoting generation of lateral roots.Conclusion: Ease of use and settings as well as complete data analyses without any cost are the scaffold of RootIX.
Immune Subtyping for Pancreatic Cancer with Implication in Clinical Outcomes and Improving Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Jingkai , Liu Qiaofei , Zhang Xiang , Cui Ming , Li Tong , Zhang Yalu , Liao Quan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence has shown that intra-tumor immune features is associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Accordingly, patient stratification is needed for identifying target patients and designing strategy to improve the efficacy of ICB therapy. We aimed to depict the specific immune features of patients with pancreatic cancer, and explore the implication of immune diversity in prognostic prediction and individualized immunotherapy. Methods: From transcriptional profiles of 383 tumor samples in TCGA, ICGC and GEO database, robust immune subtypes which had different response immunotherapy, including ICB therapy, were identified by consensus clustering with five gene modules. DEGs analysis and tumor microarray were used to screen and demonstrate potential target for improving ICB therapy. Results: Three subtypes of pancreatic cancer, namely cluster 1-3 (C1-C3), characterized with distinct immune features and prognosis were generated. Of that, subtype C1 was an immune-cold type in lack of immune regulators, subtype C2, with an immunosuppression-dominated phenotype characterized by robust TGFβ signaling and stromal reaction, showed the worst prognosis, subtype C3 was an immune-hot type, with massive immune cell infiltration and in abundance of immune regulators . The disparity of immune features uncovered the discrepant applicability of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and potential sensitivity to other alternative immunotherapy for each subtypes. Patients in C3 were more suitable for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy while patients in other two clusters may need combined strategies targeted on other immune checkpoints or oncogenic pathways. A promising target for improving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, TGM2, was screened out and its role in regulation of PD-L1 was investigated for the first time. Conclusion: Collectively, immune features of pancreatic cancer contribute to distinct immunosuppressive mechanisms that are responsible for the individualized immunotherapy. Despite pancreatic cancer being considered as a poor immunogenic cancer type, the derived immune subtypes may have implication in tailored designing of immunotherapy for the patients. TGM2 has potential synergistic roles with ICB therapy.
Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Strengthen Cisplatin Inhibition Activity Against Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells by Destructing Mitochondrial Function and Cell Ultrastructure
Authors: Huang Xin , Wang Cunchuan , Wang Ningxia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer ranks second of new cases and fifth of death in 2018 world widely. Chemotherapy, one of cancer therapeutic strategies, plays important role in controlling mortality of breast cancer. Cis-platinum (CDDP), one of traditional chemotherapy drugs, had been used clinically for years. The crucial limitation of CDDP is due to its adverse effects on immune system. Development of new protocol that can minimize side effect and meanwhile elevate clinical efficacy of traditional drug like CDDP will eventually benefit cancer patients. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells had been reported to be able to up-regulate immune function of cancer patients, therefore, our hypothesis is that introduction of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could potentiate CDDP efficacy against breast cancer. Methods: In the present work, breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was used a model cell to test our hypothesis. The therapeutic dose of CDDP in vitro was analyzed by flow cytometry; The cytoskeleton was visualized by using a confocal microscopy, and the ultrastructure of the membrane was observed by atomic force microscopy to observe the effect of combined action on MDA-MB-231 cells; The mitochondrial function of MDA-MB-231 cells was detected, and the relevant mechanism of Vγ9Vδ2 T in enhancing cisplatin cells' inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells was discussed. Results: Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could enhance CDDP-induced MDA-MB-231 cell membrane ultrastructure disorder and cytoskeleton disorder, and enhance the inhibition of CDDP on MDA-MB-231 cells, of which Vγ9Vδ2 T cells enhancing CDDP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was one of its mechanisms. Conclusion: In this study，the mechanism of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in enhancing the inhibition of cisplatin on MDA-MB-231 cells was studied, which could provide an important scientific clue for developing effective treatment schemes for breast cancer, especially the refractory TNBC breast cancer, based on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the future.
Natural Compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) Against SARS-CoV-2 Strain Isolated From Egyptian Patients
Authors: Seadawy Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has badly affected our life during the year 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is the primary causative agent of the newly emerged pandemic. Natural flavonoids, Terpenoid and Thymoquinone are tested against different viral and host-cell protein targets. These natural compounds have a good history in treating Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Molecular docking combined with cytotoxicity and plaque reduction assay is used to test the natural compounds against different viral (Spike, RdRp, and Mpro) and host-cell (TMPRSS II, keap 1, and ACE2) targets. The results demonstrate the binding possibility of the natural compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) to the viral main protease (Mpro). Some of these natural compounds were approved to start clinical trail from Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine ECRRM IRB (Certificate No.IRB00012517)
Predicting Long-term Mortality in Patients with Stable Angina Across the Spectrum of Dysglycemia: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Li Yu-Hsuan , Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng , Yeh Wen-Chao , Chang Yung-Chun , Lee I-Te 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background: We aimed to develop and validate a model to predict mortality in patients with stable angina across the spectrum of dysglycemia.Methods: A total of 1479 patients admitted for coronary angiography due to angina were enrolled. All-cause mortality was followed up and served as the primary endpoint. We compared the performance of different machine learning models for survival analysis and used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to select important features. Performance was evaluated using Harrell’s C-index and the Brier score. The models were validated with five-fold cross validation to predict long-term mortality.Results: The features selected by LASSO were age, heart rate, plasma glucose levels at 30 min and 120 min during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), use of angiotensin II receptor blockers, use of diuretics, and smoking history. The best performing model was built using a random survival forest with selected features. It had a good discriminative ability (Harrell’s C-index: 0.829) and acceptable calibration (Brier score: 0.08) for predicting long-term mortality. Among patients with obstructive coronary artery disease confirmed by angiography, our model outperformed the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events discharge score for mortality prediction (Harrell’s C-index: 0.829 vs. 0.739, P < 0.001).Conclusions: We developed a machine learning model to predict long-term mortality among patients with stable angina. With the integration of OGTT, the model could help to identify patients with stable angina at high risk of mortality across the spectrum of dysglycemia.
Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion, Indications and Complications—An Updated Review
Authors: Chen Yun-lin , Lai Ou-jie , Ma Wei-hu , Chen Qi-xin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
PurposeTo perform an updated and comprehensive review of LLIF; we will also introduce a new modified LLIF named as crenel lateral interbody fusion (CLIF) to reduce the approach-related complicationsMethodsA systematic and critical review of recent literature was conducted. The sources of the data were form PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane. Key search terms were "transpsoas", "interbody fusion", "LLIF", "XLIF", and “DLIF”ResultsStand-alone LLIF has the risk of cage subsidence and non-union rate. LLIF has less complication compared with other approaches because of its minimal invasive, but it still has some specific complications.ConclusionLLIF is a safe, effective and lower complication rate technique when compared to other interbody fusion methods.
The Impact of Changes in Population LDL-C Levels on LDL-C Control in Patients After PCI&nbsp;in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhou Zhipeng , Wu Yanqing , Xu Jingsong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BANKGROUND: Mortality from coronary artery disease continues to rise, and secondary prevention and treatment are particularly important. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), to describe how treatment outcomes for individual patients changed over time and to examine the potential impact of lipid control rates through population LDL-C levels changes.METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in patients who underwent PCI between July 2017 and June 2019. The main results included LDL-C levels after PCI. To assess the outcome of prevention, three separate measures of LDL-C were considered: baseline, first follow-up, and final follow-up, and LDL-C control rates were analyzed according to different guidelines. we examine the impact of 0.1mmol/l decreases or increases in population LDL-C levels on LDL-C control.RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 423 patients (mean age, 62 ±10 years), and the baseline LDL-C level was 3.11 ± 0.99 mmol/l. 51.5% of the patients achieved the Chinese Lipids Guidelines treatment goal, 22% and 11.6% of the patients achieved the 2016 ESC Lipids Guidelines and 2019 ESC Lipids Guidelines treatment goal at the final follow-up period respectively. LDL-C levels fluctuated during the follow-up period, and the long-term maintenance results could not be guaranteed after PCI. Population LDL-C levels changes in lifestyle could have a very large impact on LDL-C control in China.CONCLUSION: LDL-C control with statins is not ideal in patients after PCI, which is far from the requirements of the latest guidelines. Although clinicians understand the lipid-lowering effect of statins, they should not give up active lifestyle changes, and should strengthen the comprehensive management of blood lipid control.
The Complex Relationship between Estrogen and Migraines: A Scoping Review
Authors: Reddy Nihaal , Schneeberger Steven , Schoenbrunner Anna , Desai Miraj , Janis Jeffrey 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:Migraine headaches are a chronic and complex medical issue for millions of patients worldwide. Despite how common migraines are, there is much to be unveiled regarding their pathogenesis due to the numerous factors implicated in the pathophysiology of migraines. Migraines are significantly more common in women and many female migrainers notice menstrual associations of their headaches. Because of this, migraines have popularly been hypothesized to be largely hormonally mediated. Estrogen has been commonly implicated in migraine pathogenesis yet its exact role in the pathophysiology of migraines has yet to be fully understood. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature regarding estrogen’s role in migraine pathogenesis and included 11 studies out of an initial 199 in the final review. Results: The estrogen withdrawal hypothesis is the most discussed theory about estrogen’s role in migraine physiology and describes the association of migraine onset with natural declines in estrogen levels. Estrogen is also implicated in biochemical pain pathways, and specifically effects pain processing, trigeminal nociception, and neural inflammatory peptides. Human studies have been conducted in female populations such as pregnant women and postmenopausal women, and these studies have supported the estrogen withdrawal hypothesis.Conclusions: Hormone replacement therapy remains to treat migraines is promising, yet still lacks definitive evidence in its efficacy. More primary research into estrogen’s mechanisms in migraine pathogenesis is needed, as its specific roles are still unclear. While human-based, clinical trials on the subject are rare, they would provide great insight into migraines and would allow clinicians to better treat patients. Systematic Review registrations: none
The Efficacy and Safety of Levamisole in African Children With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Akwaowo Christie Divine , Nna Emmanuel Okechukwu , Okafor Henrietta Uchenna , Asinobi Adanze Onyenonachi , Aronu Ann Ebele , Adesina Olubukola Adeponle , Akanni Vivian Ololade , Briggs Datonye Christopher , Ugoeze Francis Chinedu , Aduh Ufuoma , Liman Haruna Usman , Okoye Ifeoma Joy , Ikeagwulonu Richard Chinaza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common childhood renal disorders globally, with an incidence of 2 to 7 cases per 100,000 children. A characteristic feature is massive proteinuria which may rapidly progress to end stage kidney failure, if uncontrolled. Most of the cases in children are steroid sensitive but associated with frequent relapses. Levamisole, a cheap antihelminthic has been used as steroid sparing agent in steroid sensitive NS (SSNS). This study assesses the efficacy and safety of Levamisole in African children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all Randomised controlled trials which reported African children with Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who were on Levamisole compared to other drugs. Ten databases including PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Clinicaltrial.gov and Research Gate will be searched using a search strategy. The search will have no time restrictions, but studies must have been conducted among African children residing in Africa and are retrievable in the English Language. Studies will be selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent reviewers without blinding. The study quality will be assessed using the Pedro scale and risk of bias evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Eligible screened studies will be inlcuded for meta-analysis using the CMA Software. Statistical, clinical and methodological heterogeneity will be tested. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be performed on rate of relapses, adverse event and drug dose.DiscussionThe primary outcome will be the proportion of children with remissions and or relapses within 6 -12 months post initiation of levamisole or comparators with effect size being the relative risk. Safety of Levamisole will be measured using reported adverse events. Moderating effects of age, gender, duration of illness, and dosage of Levamisole on the duration of remission, frequency of relapses and adverse events will be examined.Systematic Review RegistrationThis protocol has been registered in PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42020213327.
Changing Gender Role Portrayal in Media: Survey-Based Study
Authors: Hasan Nabiha , Namood-e-Sahar  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gender role development is very important among children during the phase of their personality development. This results in the formation of gender identity, which later on determines the type of gender role exhibited by the child in later life. Home is the main platform from where the key features of personality for a child is shaped up. Similarly, variable gender roles are also being taught by the family members. The growing media and its impact also play significant role in this regard. The current research made an account of how the gender role portrayal is changing in media and its respective impact on gender role shift in the society. This objective was achieved by conducting a survey on the content portrayed in a Pakistani movie “Ek Thi Marium” (2016). Findings suggest that the media today is displaying a changed gender role instead of gender stereotypical portrayal. It could help future researches to identify the modern trends and to study the effect of these variations among individuals of different age groups.