bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel governance in trouble: the implementation of asylum seekers’ reception in Italy as a battleground
Authors: Campomori Francesca , Ambrosini Maurizio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reception of asylum seekers in Italy has become an increasingly contentious issue: many actors, public and private, are involved at various levels of government, and cooperative behaviour cannot be taken for granted. The multi-level governance approach sheds light on the possible patterns in vertical relations, while it does not effectively explore the horizontal relations, which are however crucial, especially at the local level. Moreover, we argue that the definition of multilevel governance as negotiated order among public and non-public actors is too rigid and normative. Local policies of reception are instead a playing field where different actors come together with different interests, values and frames. This paper discusses the implementation of asylum seekers’ reception in Italy, looking at both the multilevel and the horizontal dynamics, and it uses the concept of ‘battleground’ in order better to grasp the complexities of the interaction between actors. The article discloses conflicting and competing frames between different tiers of governance, since municipalities try to resist government imposition related to asylum seekers’ reception in their areas. As for the horizontal dynamics, this paper argues that four possible patterns emerge in the relation between state and state actors: a) closure vs. civil society activism; b) tolerance; c) institutional activism vs. anti-immigrant mobilizations; d) cooperation. Overall, the paper aims at addressing the limits of the MLG approach by means of a conceptual tool (the “battleground”) which yields a more vivid understanding of implementation dynamics.
A design process for a 3D printed patient-specific applicator for HDR brachytherapy of the orbit
Authors: Subashi Ergys , Jacobs Corbin , Hood Rodney , Kirsch David G. , Craciunescu Oana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
This report describes a process for designing a 3D printed patient-specific applicator for HDR brachytherapy of the orbit.

Case presentation
A 34-year-old man with recurrent melanoma of the orbit was referred for consideration of re-irradiation. An applicator for HDR brachytherapy was designed based on the computed tomography (CT) of patient anatomy. The body contour was used to generate an applicator with a flush fit against the patient’s skin while the planning target volume (PTV) was used to devise channels that allow for access and coverage of the tumor bed. An end-to-end dosimetric test was devised to determine feasibility for clinical use. The applicator was designed to conform to the volume and contours inside the orbital cavity. Support wings placed flush with the patient skin provided stability and reproducibility, while 16 source channels of varying length were needed for sufficient access to the target. A solid sheath, printed as an outer support-wall for each channel, prevented bending or accidental puncturing of the surface of the applicator.

Conclusions
Quality assurance tests demonstrated feasibility for clinical use. Our experience with available 3D printing technology used to generate an applicator for the orbit may provide guidance for how materials of suitable biomechanical and radiation properties can be used in brachytherapy.
A case of anti-LGI-1 encephalitis presented as acute psychosis
Authors: Reyazuddin Mohammed , Shaan Faisal , Azmi S. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein-1 (LGI-1) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease with a varied neuropsychiatric clinical manifestation and have potential for reversal with immunotherapy. Early identification and treatment are therefore of paramount importance. We present the case of a 43-year-old man admitted for acute psychosis with facio-brachial dystonic seizures not responding to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). His symptoms started approximately 5 months prior admission to the hospital and associated with progressive cognitive impairment (particularly verbal and visio-spatial domains) followed by altered behavior, irrelevant talk, and disturbance in daily activities of living and facio-brachial dystonic seizures. There was history of allergic reaction to valproate, carbamazepine and levetiracetam, and serum sample tested strongly positive for LGI-1 (leucine rich glioma inactivated-1) antibodies. He was treated with injection methylprednisolone (1 gm intravenous) brief pulse therapy for 7 days and then underwent four sessions of plasma exchange followed by oral steroids and immunosuppressant therapy. Treatment was successful and patient returned to his previous baseline functioning but patient develops steroid induced hypomania and diabetes mellitus in the due course of time. Patient was discharged after successful resolution of symptoms. Patient did not come up for follow-up. He was contacted telephonically and we get to know that he relapsed after 2 weeks and consulted at higher center where he died while on treatment. Prognosis of anti-LGI-1 encephalitis is usually good but our patient died.
Emotional intelligence in bipolar-I-disorder: A comparison between patients, unaffected siblings, and control subjects
Authors: Frajo-Apor Beatrice , Kemmler Georg , Pardeller Silvia , Huber Markus , Macina Christian , Welte Anna-Sophia , Hoertnagl Christine , Hofer Alex 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground.Impairments in social and nonsocial cognition have been demonstrated in both patients suffering from bipolar disorder (BD) and their unaffected relatives and might therefore represent a heritable marker of risk. This study investigated the relevance of emotional intelligence (EI) as part of the emotion processing domain of social cognition in this regard.Methods.A total of 54 outpatients suffering from BD, 54 unaffected siblings, and 80 control subjects were investigated using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were performed with adjustment for the BACS composite score. The three groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance or chi-square test, depending on the variable type. As the three groups differed significantly in their level of education, additional ANCOVAs with adjustment for education were performed.Results.Patients achieved significantly lower levels of overall EI and overall nonsocial cognitive functioning compared to unaffected siblings and controls, whereas performance of the latter two groups was comparable in both domains.Conclusions.Due to comparable levels of EI in unaffected siblings of patients suffering from BD and control subjects, EI assessed by means of the MSCEIT does not represent an endophenotype for BD.
Quantified Kinematics to Evaluate Patient Chemotherapy Risks in Clinic
Authors: Hasnain Zaki , Nilanon Tanachat , Li Ming , Mejia Aaron , Kolatkar Anand , Nocera Luciano , Shahabi Cyrus , Cozzens Philips Frankie A. , Lee Jerry S.H. , Hanlon Sean E. , Vaidya Poorva , Ueno Naoto T. , Yennu Sriram , Newton Paul K. , Kuhn Peter , Nieva Jorge 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE Performance status (PS) is a key factor in oncologic decision making, but conventional scales used to measure PS vary among observers. Consumer-grade biometric sensors have previously been identified as objective alternatives to the assessment of PS. Here, we investigate how one such biometric sensor can be used during a clinic visit to identify patients who are at risk for complications, particularly unexpected hospitalizations that may delay treatment or result in low physical activity. We aim to provide a novel and objective means of predicting tolerability to chemotherapy. METHODS Thirty-eight patients across three centers in the United States who were diagnosed with a solid tumor with plans for treatment with two cycles of highly emetogenic chemotherapy were included in this single-arm, observational prospective study. A noninvasive motion-capture system quantified patient movement from chair to table and during the get-up-and-walk test. Activity levels were recorded using a wearable sensor over a 2-month period. Changes in kinematics from two motion-capture data points pre- and post-treatment were tested for correlation with unexpected hospitalizations and physical activity levels as measured by a wearable activity sensor. RESULTS Among 38 patients (mean age, 48.3 years; 53% female), kinematic features from chair to table were the best predictors for unexpected health care encounters (area under the curve, 0.775 ± 0.029) and physical activity (area under the curve, 0.830 ± 0.080). Chair-to-table acceleration of the nonpivoting knee ( t = 3.39; P = .002) was most correlated with unexpected health care encounters. Get-up-and-walk kinematics were most correlated with physical activity, particularly the right knee acceleration ( t = −2.95; P = .006) and left arm angular velocity ( t = −2.4; P = .025). CONCLUSION Chair-to-table kinematics are good predictors of unexpected hospitalizations, whereas the get-up-and-walk kinematics are good predictors of low physical activity.
The Affordable Care Act's Missing Consensus: Values, Attitudes, and Experiences Associated with Competing Health Reform Preferences
Authors: McIntyre Adrianna , Blendon Robert J. , Benson John M. , Findling Mary G. , Schneider Eric C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ten years after its enactment, public support for the Affordable Care Act (ACA) still only reaches a scant majority. Candidates for the presidency—and the sitting president—have endorsed health reforms that would radically transition US health care away from the current system upon which the ACA was built. Few opinion surveys to date have captured dominant preferences among alternative health reform policies or characterized attitudes and experiences that might be associated with policy preferences. Using a 2019 nationally representative telephone survey, this article considers how variations in political values, attitudes toward government, and experiences with the health care system relate to competing health reform preferences. Differences between those who favor Medicare for All over building on the ACA largely reflect different levels of satisfaction with the status quo and views of private health insurance. By contrast, differences between ACA supporters and those who would favor replacing it with a state-based alternative reflect sharply different political values and attitudes. Key differences remain significant after controlling for demographic, health, and political characteristics. Overwhelming public support still eludes the ACA, and reaching consensus on future directions for health reform will remain challenging given differences in underlying beliefs.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Post-mastectomy Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Development and Measurement Properties
Authors: Davies C. F. , Macefield R. , Avery K. , Blazeby J. M. , Potter S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast reconstruction (BR) is performed to improve outcomes for patients undergoing mastectomy. A recently developed core outcome set for BR includes six patient-reported outcomes that should be measured and reported in all future studies. It is vital that any instrument used to measure these outcomes as part of a core measurement set be robustly developed and validated so data are reliable and accurate. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the development and measurement properties of existing BR patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to inform instrument selection for future studies.MethodsA PRISMA-compliant systematic review of development and validation studies of BR PROMs was conducted to assess their measurement properties. PROMs with adequate content validity were assessed using three steps: (1) the methodological quality of each identified study was assessed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist; (2) criteria were applied for assessing good measurement properties; and (3) evidence was summarized and the quality of evidence assessed using a modified GRADE approach.ResultsFourteen articles reported the development and measurement properties of six PROMs. Of these, only three (BREAST-Q, BRECON-31, and EORTC QLQ-BRECON-23) were considered to have adequate content validity and proceeded to full evaluation. This showed that all three PROMs had been robustly developed and validated and demonstrated adequate quality.ConclusionsBREAST-Q, BRECON-31, and EORTC QLQ-BRECON-23 have been well-developed and demonstrate adequate measurement properties. Work with key stakeholders is now needed to generate consensus regarding which PROM should be recommended for inclusion in a core measurement set.
Pilot study for the evaluation and adaptation of a Four Item-Acne-Scar Risk Assessment Tool (4-ASRAT): a resource to estimate the risk of acne-induced scars
Authors: Estrella Porter Jorge , Camacho Mikaela , Viteri María Isabel , Aguilar Katherine , Belhadi Drifa , Bettoli Vincenzo , Buestán Anita del Rocío , Dréno Brigitte , Endara Pablo , Layton Alison , Machado Nelly , Mateus Rosa , Tan Jerry , Terán Enrique , Yépez Paola , Guillemot Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

Background: Acne-induced scarring is associated with a similar burden as acne, i.e. diminished quality of life, and may be avoided if patients receive appropriate and timely acne treatment. In 2017, a four item-Acne-Scar Risk Assessment Tool (4-ASRAT) was designed by Tan et al. to categorise patients with acne into lower-risk or higher-risk for acne scarring. Its applicability outside the initial study population (France, Brazil and United States) remains to be determined. Methods: A study protocol was developed to create a systematic approach for validating and adapting 4-ASRAT to different populations, Ecuador in this case. The protocol was reviewed by 11 local and international dermatologists and pilot-tested in an Ecuadorian population using a sample of 10 participants who currently had or had had acne. Feedback from the pilot study was used to improve the study protocol. The results of the pilot study are included here, and the final study protocol is available as extended data. Results: The protocol proved to be applicable. Images taken of participants were a valuable resource for dermatological evaluation about the presence or absence of acne scars. Tangential light is necessary for this evaluation. Although dermatological assessments varied, we concluded that assessment by three local dermatologists for each participant was adequate for reaching a consensus on the presence or absence of acne scars. Conclusions: Considering the morbidity related to acne and acne scars, tools designed as prevention that alert patients about risk of developing scarring are necessary. The proposed protocol shows a feasible way of validating and adapting 4-ASRAT to different populations.
Large field of view beaconless laser nutation tracking sensor based on
a micro-electro-mechanical system mirror
Authors: Lao Chenzhe , Sun Jianfeng , Hou Peipei , Zhou Yu , Lu Zhiyong , He Hongyu , Han Ronglei , Cai Xinyu , Li Yuexin 
Published: June 2020

We propose a laser nutation tracking sensor for beaconless laser
communication, which uses a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)
mirror to achieve high-efficiency and large-amplitude nutation at its
resonant frequency. We derive a new formula for the case of
incompletely detectable optical power in the nutation cycle. In the
experiment, we measure the performance of the sensor in calculating
boresight error under three different nutation radii. Combining with
the proposed algorithm for the new scene, we complete the accurate
boresight calculation in the range of

±

200

µ

r
a
d

, at the nutation radius of 4.9 µm. We
trust that the receiving field of view (FOV) of this tracking sensor
can be further expanded by increasing the nutation radius. The sensor,
as proposed in this paper, will be of constructive help to simplify
tracking systems in the future.
Laser-induced autofluorescence assisted by multivariate techniques discriminates a cataractous lens from healthy lens tissues of Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Osei-Wusu Adueming Peter , Eghan Moses Jojo , Anderson Benjamin , Kyei Samuel , Opoku-Ansah Jerry , Amuah Charles Lloyd Yeboah , Takyi Charles Darko , Buah-Bassuah Paul Kingsley 
Published: June 2020

Laser-induced autofluorescence (LIAF), combined with multivariate techniques, has been used to discriminate a cataractous lens from healthy lens tissues. In this study, 405 nm and 445 nm were used as excitation sources to induce the autofluorescence. Results show higher autofluorescence intensity in cataractous lens tissues than in healthy ones. Cataractous lens tissues show a red shift of 0.9 nm and 1.2 nm at 405 nm and 445 nm excitations, respectively. Using principal component analysis (PCA), three principal components (PCs) gave more than 99% variability for both 405 nm and 445 nm excitation sources. Based on the three PCs, Fisher’s linear discriminant model was developed. An accuracy of 100% was obtained in classifying the lens tissues using Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis (FLDA). The LIAF technique assisted by PCA and FLDA may be used for objective discrimination of cataractous lens from healthy lens tissues of Sprague–Dawley rats.
Hybrid III-V-on-SOI optical spot size converter by self-aligned selective undercut dry etching of Si
Authors: Chen Yang-Jeng , Chen Rih-You , Fang Yi-Hsin , Liang Che-Hsin , Hsu Wen-Kuan , Chen Cong-Long , Lin Wei-Chen , Weng Chen-Yu , Chu Jyun-Ye , Chiu Yi-Jen 
Published: June 2020

A technology called self-aligned selective undercut dry etching processing has been demonstrated for fabricating a highly efficient hybrid optical spot size converter (SSC) on a Si-on-insulator (SOI) template. The process was based on a bonded wafer between the upper InP-based multiple quantum well heterostructure and the lower SOI substrate. After defining the mask on the upper InP-based ridge waveguide,

C
F

4

/

O

2

dry reactive ion etching was then used for selective undercut etching of the Si material from the surrounding materials, forming a vertical waveguide coupler of the optical SSC. The lower waveguide, whose dimension is even smaller than the upper one, can thus be vertically self-aligned to the top ridge via an independent processing step. A laterally tapered waveguide ranging from 0.3 to 3 µm in width on the upper InP waveguide was fabricated. The phase-matching condition of the vertical coupler leads to a length of 45 µm and extracts 88% conversion efficiency. The selective undercut etching processing in III-V/SOI material provides a vertical self-alignment scheme for realizing compact and submicron scale heterogeneous integration in a Si photonics template.
Multiscale high-speed photoacoustic microscopy based on free-space light transmission and a MEMS scanning mirror
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhao Huangxuan , Xu Song , Chen Ningbo , Li Ke , Jiang Xinkuan , Liu Liangjian , Liu Zhicheng , Wang Lidai , Wong Kenneth K. Y. , Zou Jun , Liu Chengbo , Song Liang 
Published: June 2020

The conventional photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) system allows trade-offs between lateral resolution and imaging depth, limiting its applications in biological imaging in vivo. Here we present an integrated optical-resolution (OR) and acoustic-resolution (AR) multiscale PAM based on free-space light transmission and fast microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanning. The lateral resolution for OR is 4.9 µm, and the lateral resolution for AR is 114.5 µm. The maximum imaging depth for OR is 0.7 mm, and the maximum imaging depth for AR is 4.1 mm. The imaging speed can reach 50 k Alines per second. The high signal-to-noise ratios and wavelength throughput are achieved by delivering light via free-space, and the high speed is achieved by a MEMS scanning mirror. The blood vasculature from superficial skin to the deep tissue of a mouse leg was imaged in vivo using two different resolutions to demonstrate the multiscale imaging capability.
Redefining excellence and inclusion
Authors: Henley Jennie , Higgins Lee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, we present an overview and summary of the work undertaken by the Music and Social Intervention Network. Exploring the themes of ‘excellence’ and ‘inclusion’, we begin with a consideration of the four articles presented within this special issue and then proceed onto a reflection surrounding wider discussions prevalent at the public events held as part of the project. Following this, we outline five key discourses that emerged through the research process: value, context, measurement, process/product and pedagogy. These fields were then used to identify three underlying issues that affect the way the concepts of excellence and inclusion manifest. After proposing a common understanding of the terms under scrutiny, we suggest that the research points towards a reformation that reads: excellence is the process within community music and inclusion is the product of that process. Reflective questions pertaining to this idea are left open for further discussion.
Improving Trust in Research: Supporting Claims with Evidence
Authors: Wright Daniel B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrust in science is important, and Open Education Studies aims to publish trusted research. Two issues are addressed here: access to the data on which the research is based and how these data are analyzed. Some guidelines from other entities are discussed. As a new journal our guidelines should be influenced by the opinions of readers and authors, and as such we welcome discussion of how to ensure trust in the research OES publishes.
Site-Specific Recombination with Inverted Target Sites: A Cautionary Tale of Dicentric and Acentric Chromosomes
Authors: Titen Simon W A , Johnson Makenna T B , Capecchi Mario , Golic Kent G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Site-specific recombinases are widely used tools for analysis of genetics, development, and cell biology, and many schemes have been devised to alter gene expression by recombinase-mediated DNA rearrangements. Because the FRT and lox target sites for the commonly used FLP and Cre recombinases are asymmetrical, and must pair in the same direction to recombine, construct design must take into account orientation of the target sites. Both direct and inverted configurations have been used. However, the outcome of recombination between target sites on sister chromatids is frequently overlooked. This is especially consequential with inverted target sites, where exchange between oppositely oriented target sites on sisters will produce dicentric and acentric chromosomes. By using constructs that have inverted target sites in Drosophila melanogaster and in mice, we show here that dicentric chromosomes are produced in the presence of recombinase, and that the frequency of this event is quite high. The negative effects on cell viability and behavior can be significant, and should be considered when using such constructs.