bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual oxidase 1 limits the IFNγ-associated antitumor effect of macrophages
Authors: Meziani Lydia , Gerbé de Thoré Marine , Hamon Pauline , Bockel Sophie , Andrade Louzada Ruy , Clemenson Céline , Corre Raphaël , Liu Wincgygn , Dupuy Corinne , Mondini Michele , Deutsch Eric 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundMacrophages play pivotal roles in tumor progression and the response to anticancer therapies, including radiotherapy (RT). Dual oxidase (DUOX) 1 is a transmembrane enzyme that plays a critical role in oxidant generation.MethodsSince we found DUOX1 expression in macrophages from human lung samples exposed to ionizing radiation, we aimed to assess the involvement of DUOX1 in macrophage activation and the role of these macrophages in tumor development.ResultsUsingDuox1−/−mice, we demonstrated that the lack of DUOX1 in proinflammatory macrophages improved the antitumor effect of these cells. Furthermore, intratumoral injection ofDuox1−/−proinflammatory macrophages significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of RT. Mechanistically, DUOX1 deficiency increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, CXCL9, CCL3 and TNFα) by activated macrophagesin vitroand the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II in the membranes of macrophages. We also demonstrated that DUOX1 was involved in the phagocytotic function of macrophagesin vitroandin vivo. The antitumor effect ofDuox1−/−macrophages was associated with a significant increase in IFNγ production by both lymphoid and myeloid immune cells.ConclusionsOur data indicate that DUOX1 is a new target for macrophage reprogramming and suggest that DUOX1 inhibition in macrophages combined with RT is a new therapeutic strategy for the management of cancers.
The role of the range of dispersal in a nonlocal Fisher-KPP equation: An asymptotic analysis
Authors: Brasseur Julien 
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior as [Formula: see text] of solutions [Formula: see text] to the nonlocal stationary Fisher-KPP type equation [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Under rather mild assumptions and using very little technology, we prove that there exists one and only one positive solution [Formula: see text] and that [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text]. This generalizes the previously known results and answers an open question raised by Berestycki et al. Our method of proof is also of independent interest as it shows how to reduce this nonlocal problem to a local one. The sharpness of our assumptions is also briefly discussed.
Voting and Bribing in Single-Exponential Time
Authors: Knop Dušan , Koutecký Martin , Mnich Matthias 
Published: June 2020

We introduce a general problem about bribery in voting systems. In the
R
-M
ulti
-B
ribery
problem, the goal is to bribe a set of voters at minimum cost such that a desired candidate is a winner in the perturbed election under the voting rule
R
. Voters assign prices for withdrawing their vote, for swapping the positions of two consecutive candidates in their preference order, and for perturbing their approval count to favour candidates.

As our main result, we show that
R
-M
ulti
-B
ribery
is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by the number of candidates |
C
| with only a single-exponential dependence on |
C
|, for many natural voting rules
R
, including all natural scoring protocols, maximin rule, Bucklin rule, Fallback rule, SP-AV, and any C1 rule. The vast majority of previous work done in the setting of few candidates proceeds by grouping voters into at most |
C
|! types by their preference, constructing an integer linear program with |
C
|!
2
variables, and solving it by Lenstra’s algorithm in time |
C
|!

|
C
|!

2
, hence double-exponential in |
C
|. Note that it is not possible to encode a large number of different voter costs in this way and still obtain a fixed-parameter algorithm, as that would increase the number of voter types and hence the dimension. These two obstacles of double-exponential complexity and restricted costs have been formulated as “Challenges #1 and #2” of the “Nine Research Challenges in Computational Social Choice” by Bredereck et al.

Hence, our result resolves the parameterized complexity of
R
-S
wap
-B
ribery
for the aforementioned voting rules plus Kemeny’s rule, and for all rules except Kemeny brings the dependence on |
C
| down to single-exponential. The engine behind our progress is the use of a new integer linear programming formulation, using so-called “
n
-fold integer programming.” Since its format is quite rigid, we introduce “extended
n
-fold IP,” which allows many useful modeling tricks. Then, we model
R
-M
ulti
-B
ribery
as an extended
n
-fold IP and apply an algorithm of Hemmecke et al. [Math. Prog. 2013].
Limited Environmental Serine and Glycine Confer Brain Metastasis Sensitivity to PHGDH Inhibition
Authors: Ngo Bryan , Kim Eugenie , Osorio-Vasquez Victoria , Doll Sophia , Bustraan Sophia , Liang Roger J. , Luengo Alba , Davidson Shawn M. , Ali Ahmed , Ferraro Gino B. , Fischer Grant M. , Eskandari Roozbeh , Kang Diane S. , Ni Jing , Plasger Ariana , Rajasekhar Vinagolu K. , Kastenhuber Edward R. , Bacha Sarah , Sriram Roshan K. , Stein Benjamin D. , Bakhoum Samuel F. , Snuderl Matija , Cotzia Paolo , Healey John H. , Mainolfi Nello , Suri Vipin , Friedman Adam , Manfredi Mark , Sabatini David M. , Jones Drew R. , Yu Min , Zhao Jean J. , Jain Rakesh K. , Keshari Kayvan R. , Davies Michael A. , Vander Heiden Matthew G. , Hernando Eva , Mann Matthias , Cantley Lewis C. , Pacold Michael E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

A hallmark of metastasis is the adaptation of tumor cells to new environments. Metabolic constraints imposed by the serine and glycine–limited brain environment restrict metastatic tumor growth. How brain metastases overcome these growth-prohibitive conditions is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glucose-derived serine synthesis, is a major determinant of brain metastasis in multiple human cancer types and preclinical models. Enhanced serine synthesis proved important for nucleotide production and cell proliferation in highly aggressive brain metastatic cells. In vivo, genetic suppression and pharmacologic inhibition of PHGDH attenuated brain metastasis, but not extracranial tumor growth, and improved overall survival in mice. These results reveal that extracellular amino acid availability determines serine synthesis pathway dependence, and suggest that PHGDH inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of brain metastasis.

Significance:
Using proteomics, metabolomics, and multiple brain metastasis models, we demonstrate that the nutrient-limited environment of the brain potentiates brain metastasis susceptibility to serine synthesis inhibition. These findings underscore the importance of studying cancer metabolism in physiologically relevant contexts, and provide a rationale for using PHGDH inhibitors to treat brain metastasis.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1241
Applying Digital Methods to the Study of a Late Ottoman City: A Social and Spatial Analysis of Political Partisanship in Gaza
Authors: Ben-Bassat Yuval , Buessow Johann 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article takes the understudied Ottoman city of Gaza in southern Palestine at the end of the nineteenth century as a case study to illustrate the new possibilities available today to researchers of the Middle East by combining the study of historical sources with GIS and other digital technologies. It first surveys the main sources available for the study of this city, some of which have only become available to researchers in recent years. It then describes the construction of a comprehensive database based on these sources and ways to run statistical analyses based on it. Finally, it presents the research results on maps and aerial photos connected to a GIS system. The case of Gaza can thus serve as a model for studying other cities in Ottoman Greater Syria and the Ottoman Empire in general.
Competing Sovereignties in Eighteenth-Century South Asia: Afghan Claims to Kingship
Authors: Khoja Neelam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ahmad Shah Abdali-Durrani’s court chronicle, Taʾrīkh-i Aḥmad Shāhī, written by Mahmud bin Ibrahim al-Husaini and completed soon after Ahmad Shah’s death in 1772, provides an eighteenth-century perspective on the criterion for kingship and sovereignty. Unsurprisingly, the only person who fulfills these requirements, according to the historian, is Ahmad Shah. While this is standard practice in most Persianate and Islamic histories about a king, the text deviates from a number of other literary conventions. The historian deemphasizes Ahmad Shah’s genealogy and connection to Sufi saints; instead, he focuses on Ahmad Shah’s inner piety and morality by attributing to him the concept of ilhām (direct revelation from God)—an attribute more generally characteristic of prophets and saints, not kings. The double move of deemphasizing lineage and Sufi connection while privileging personal, God-bestowed attributes is sharpened through comparison: Mughal governors and emperors are depicted by the author as descendants of noble, dynastic genealogies, but govern incompetently because they do not have the clarity of vision and fate of victory on their side, as God has not bestowed them with ilhām.
Attitudes of the Nonreligious toward Abortion, Contraceptives, and Homosexuality: Comparing the Far East and Western Europe
Authors: Sevinç Kenan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the number of nonreligious people in the World is increasing and that people without religious affiliation demonstrate more liberal attitudes on controversial issues than affiliated people. Research suggests these differences may arise from the higher education level of the nonreligious and/or cultural context. To further explore the effects of culture on the attitudes of nonreligious, I analyze data from The Global Attitudes Project-Spring (2013). The data were downloaded from the Association of Religion Data Archives, www.TheARDA.com and were collected by Pew Research Center. When the data were analyzed, 6746 of the participants (18.2%) were found to be nonreligious. Three of the countries with the highest rate of nonreligious are from Western Europe (Czechia=69.5%, Britain=44.4%, Germany=35.3%) and three of them are from Far East (China=83.4%, Japan=45.4%, South Korea=42.6%). I compared attitudes of nonreligious from these countries (N=4581) towards abortion, contraception use, and homosexuality. The results indicate that nonreligious people living in the Far East find abortion, contraceptive use, and homosexuality more “morally unacceptable” than Western Europeans. This suggests that attitudes among the nonreligious are not homogenous, and that cultural factors are important variables to consider in future research.
Mission, Empire, and the Ultimate Good: Colonel John Munro, Benjamin Bailey, and the Church Missionary Society “Mission of Help” to Travancore (1816–18)
Authors: McKee Gary 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Church Missionary Society “Mission of Help” to the Syrian Church of Travancore in the nineteenth century provides much instructive food for thought concerning debates that continue in mission up to the present day. In particular, the episode shows that the links between mission and empire cannot be reduced to seeing mission as a mere handmaiden to imperial concerns, although empire certainly provided a context to missionary endeavor throughout the imperial period. In this specific instance it was the forceful personality of Colonel John Munro who ensured that the Mission of Help became more intertwined with empire than might otherwise have been the case. Another effect of this imperial context for the Mission of Help was that the nature and scope of mission inevitably ended up being broadened to include aspects of societal transformation. It is shown that Benjamin Bailey was not primarily motivated by such concerns, yet was not unconcerned about them. Bailey’s thinking through of these tensions perhaps provide a way to think today about the links between the “Great Commission,” the “Great Commandment,” and cultural transformation.
Short Term Mission and Formation – A Norwegian Perspective
Authors: Lilleaasen Robert , Nandrup Ingebjørg 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The following article focuses the attention on how participants in Short Term Mission (STM) from Norway understand the practice they have been part of. In the first part the article investigates what motivates participation in STM, and how STM is understood to be influential in life-choices. The second part of the article introduces “formation” as a theoretical lens. In this part the article investigates the working hypothesis suggesting that STM from Norway is best understood as a formative trip. The material is constructed from a survey with 153 respondents.
Transformational Development: Empowering Christian Widows in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Bauta Sung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Several developmental ventures have been used to empower African widows. Such development programs address the economic and social dimensions of the plight of African widows. However, most of these development initiatives tend to ignore religion in the development process. This article will argue that religion is pertinent towards empowering Christian widows in northern Nigeria. A case study of a non-profit initiative in a southern Kaduna village demonstrates that religion is necessary for empowering Christian widows in northern Nigeria. I explore the important role religion plays within Africa, and specifically in northern Nigeria. My assumption is that the wise use of religion to empower Christian widows is effective. I suggest that the implication for the wise use of religion to empower Christian widows would ensure that Christian widows draw from the religious sentiments towards personal and social transformation.
Adult Palatopharyngoplasty: Trends in Morbidity and Mortality from the NSQIP Database
Authors: Gates Christopher , Ramadan Jad , Coutras Steven , Carr Michele 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Describe the postop morbidity of adults undergoing palatopharyngoplasty (PPP). Method: Adults who underwent PPP were studied using ACS-NSQIP (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) database (2016-2017) via CPT code 42145. Analyzed outcomes included length of stay (LOS), readmission, reoperation, and postop complications. Predictive variables were age, gender, BMI, comorbidities. Results: A total of 1081 patients (73.7% male, mean age 42.0 years, range 18-79 years) were included. 95 (8.8%) were diabetic, 183 (16.9%) were smokers, 30 (2.8%) had preoperative dyspnea. 328 (30.3%) took medicine for hypertension. Concurrent procedures occurred in 646 (59.76%), 357 (33.02%) had nasal procedures, 320 (29.60%) had tonsil procedures, 66 (6.11%) had tongue procedures. Within 30 days postop, there were two (0.19%) mortalities. Complications included six wound infections, two dehiscences, four with pneumonia, two pulmonary embolisms, three myocardial infarctions, one DVT, three sepsis, one UTI, one who required CPR, and two who were ventilated for >48 hours. Five required reintubation. A total of 41 (3.79%) returned to OR for a related reason, at least 27 (65.90%) for bleeding. LOS ranged from 0 to 15 days, median 1 day. Overall 38 (3.52%) were readmitted for a related reason, 12 (31.58%) for bleeding and three (7.89%) for pain. Using a significance level of 0.002 (Bonferroni correction), LOS varied with presence of any concurrent procedure, BMI, and estimated probability of mortality and morbidity indices; readmission and reoperation had no significantly associated variables. Conclusion: PPP is associated with low frequency but significant morbidity and mortality.
A New Intravenous Immune Globulin: Novel or Not?
Authors: Bates Brittany N. , Olah Mark E. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To assess the clinical use and determine the place in therapy for immune globulin intravenous (IV), human-slra, a recently approved IV immune globulin for the treatment of primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDD). Data Sources: A PubMed and MEDLINE search (2010 to April 2020) was conducted for relevant articles. Data were also obtained from the package insert. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English language publications regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of immune globulin-slra were analyzed. Publications focused on use of immune globulin products were also included. Data Synthesis: Immune globulin-slra is indicated for patients with PIDD and was specifically developed to include donor plasma with high respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibody titers. Efficacy was demonstrated through favorable incidence of infections and infection-related complications. Patients treated with immune globulin-slra had increases in anti-RSV neutralizing antibody titers compared with baseline. Adverse events occurred at rates similar to or less than other available immune globulin products. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review describes a new immune globulin product available for use in patients with PIDD. A novel approach to managing patients at risk of serious infections may be to utilize products with formulations proven to not only boost IgG levels, but also antibodies to specific pathogens. Conclusions: The choice of which immune globulin product to select for a patient or formulary is complex. Each product is unique, and differences between products should be taken into consideration, along with cost and availability.
Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma: An assessment of the T classification of the American Joint Committee of Cancer TNM staging system 8th versus 7th edition
Authors: AlHammad Fatimah , Edward Deepak P , Alkatan Hind M , Elkhamary Sahar , Iuliano Adriana , Maktabi Azza , Al-Horani Saif El-Deen , Al-Sheikh Osama , Al Hussain Hailah , Strianese Diego 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To assess the prognostic values of the T classification of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee of Cancer staging system and compare it to the 7th edition. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients with eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma. The primary outcome measure was the differences between outcomes when tumors were staged with either 7th or 8th edition. The measures evaluated included presenting features, management, histopathology, metastasis, recurrence, and mortality. Results: Of the 60 patients (median age 73 years), 31 (51.7%) were females. A change in T staging occurred in 39 patients (65%) when the 8th edition was applied. Advanced categories (T3/T4) were significantly associated with nodal metastasis ( p = 0.037) using the 8th edition criteria but not with the 7th edition ( p = 0.066). The 8th edition T categorization significantly correlated with eye survival ( p = 0.022) while the 7th edition did not ( p = 0.058). Applying the 8th edition, category T4 at presentation was associated with a higher risk of nodal metastasis ( p = 0.037) but not associated with local recurrence, distant metastasis, or tumor-related death ( p = 0.281, p = 0.737, p = 0.319, respectively). T3/T4 category tumors were significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation ( p = 0.001), and papillary histologic pattern ( p = 0.024) but not with pagetoid spread ( p = 0.056). Conclusion: The application of the 8th edition AJCC staging system for eyelid SGC may accurately predict nodal metastasis. Local recurrence and distant metastasis were not significantly associated with T classification, using either edition. Poor tumor differentiation and papillary pattern were associated with T3/T4 categories suggesting that pathological features may assist in determining prognosis.
Hippocampal volume is more related to patient-reported memory than objective memory performance in early multiple sclerosis
Authors: Glukhovsky Lisa , Brandstadter Rachel , Leavitt Victoria M , Krieger Stephen , Buyukturkoglu Korhan , Fabian Michelle , Sand Ilana Katz , Klineova Sylvia , Riley Claire S , Lublin Fred D , Miller Aaron E , Sumowski James F 
Published: June 2020

Background: When persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) report memory decline but objective memory performance is normal, there is a bias toward believing objective test results. Objective: Investigate whether subjective memory decline or objective memory performance is more related to hippocampal and hippocampal subfield volumes in early MS. Methods: Persons with early MS ( n = 185; ⩽5.0 years diagnosed) completed a subjective memory questionnaire; an objective memory composite was derived from four memory tests. Total hippocampal and subfield volumes were derived from high-resolution 3.0 T magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Partial correlations assessed links between hippocampal volumes and both subjective and objective memory, controlling for age, sex, mood, and pre-morbid intelligence quotient (IQ). Results: Lower total hippocampal and CA1 volumes were related to worse subjective memory but not objective memory (controlling for multiple comparisons). Correlations between subjective memory and both CA1 and subiculum were significantly stronger than were correlations between objective memory and these subfields. Patients in the worst tertile of subjective memory complaints (but not objective memory) had lower hippocampal volumes than 35 demographically similar healthy controls. Conclusion: Patient-report is inherently a longitudinal assessment of within-person memory change in everyday life, which may be more sensitive to subtle disease-related changes than cross-sectional objective tests. Findings align with the aging literature.
Study of the Risk and Preventive Factors for Progress of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia
Authors: Hu Chengping , Wang Ling , Guo Yi , Cao Zhicheng , Lu Ying , Qin Hongyun 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for progress of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Methods: This study was based on the epidemiological survey in 2011 (No. PKJ2010-Y26) and contained 441 MCI individuals. Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination, clinical dementia rating, and montreal cognitive assessment. The association between demographic characteristics and MCI outcomes were evaluated using single-and multifactor ordered logistic regression analysis models. Results: Of the 441 MCI, 77 progressed to dementia (MCIp: 17.5%, 95% CI: 14.4%-21.6%), 356 remained stable (MCIs: 80.7%, 95% CI: 77.0%-88.4%), and 8 reverted to normal cognition (MCIr: 1.8%, 95% CI: 0.6%-3.0%) at follow-up in 2017. Univariate ordinal regression analysis showed that diabetes ( P = .052), marriage ( P = .028), worker ( P = .069), and manager ( P = .075) may be the risk factor for the status of MCI. Multiple ordinal regression results showed that diabetes ( P = .049) and marriage ( P = .04) significantly affected the cognitive function changes in the MCI patients. Conclusion: Nondiabetics and being married may prevent the progression from MCI to dementia.