bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic effects induced by the venom of Egyptian scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi
Authors: Shoukry Nahla M. , Salem Mohamed L. , Teleb Wafaa K. , Abdel Daim Mohamed M. , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundScorpion venom is a very complicated mixture of various peptides/proteins which could induce toxicological and pharmacological responses. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the possible pharmacological properties (analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory effects) of the Egyptian scorpion venomAndroctonus amoreuxiin mice and rats injected intraperitoneally with 1/10 and 1/5 LD50(0.11 and 0.22 mg/kg for mice; 0.385 and 0.77 mg/kg for rats, respectively).ResultsThe peripheral and central analgesic effect ofA. amoreuxivenom was determined using the tests of mice-abdominal writhing and tail immersion of rats, respectively. The antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities were examined using the pyrexia rats model induced by Brewer’s yeast and the paw mice edema induced by carrageenan, respectively. The venom ofA. amoreuxiproduced significant (p< 0.05) peripheral and central analgesic activity in both animal models. Also, treatment with the scorpion venom showed significant (p< 0.05) dose-independent reduction in pyrexia of rats. More importantly, the venom significantly inhibited mice paw edema induced by carrageenan.ConclusionAccordingly, the present results showed that the venom of this scorpion possesses remarkable pharmacological properties (analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory activities) on animal models, and might be contain certain peptides responsible for the reported activities.
Controlling emerging zoonoses at the animal-human interface
Authors: Mummah Riley O. , Hoff Nicole A. , Rimoin Anne W. , Lloyd-Smith James O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor many emerging or re-emerging pathogens, cases in humans arise from a mixture of introductions (via zoonotic spillover from animal reservoirs or geographic spillover from endemic regions) and secondary human-to-human transmission. Interventions aiming to reduce incidence of these infections can be focused on preventing spillover or reducing human-to-human transmission, or sometimes both at once, and typically are governed by resource constraints that require policymakers to make choices. Despite increasing emphasis on using mathematical models to inform disease control policies, little attention has been paid to guiding rational disease control at the animal-human interface.MethodsWe introduce a modeling framework to analyze the impacts of different disease control policies, focusing on pathogens exhibiting subcritical transmission among humans (i.e. pathogens that cannot establish sustained human-to-human transmission). We quantify the relative effectiveness of measures to reduce spillover (e.g. reducing contact with animal hosts), human-to-human transmission (e.g. case isolation), or both at once (e.g. vaccination), across a range of epidemiological contexts.ResultsWe provide guidelines for choosing which mode of control to prioritize in different epidemiological scenarios and considering different levels of resource and relative costs. We contextualize our analysis with current zoonotic pathogens and other subcritical pathogens, such as post-elimination measles, and control policies that have been applied.ConclusionsOur work provides a model-based, theoretical foundation to understand and guide policy for subcritical zoonoses, integrating across disciplinary and species boundaries in a manner consistent with One Health principles.
Self-efficacy and future anxiety among students of nursing and education colleges of Helwan University
Authors: Rabei Samah , Ramadan Sorayia , Abdallah Nahla 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Self-efficacy and future anxiety affect students’ performance. A relation between both is suggested and needs to be investigated. The aim of this study is designed to assess self-efficacy, future anxiety among Helwan University students, and the relation between them.

Results
Ten percent of colleges’ students were subjected to self-efficacy scale and future anxiety scales. Future anxiety is significantly related to self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is significantly higher in the college of nursing. There is a significant increase in self-efficacy in the 1st grade, while there is a significant increase in future anxiety in the 4th grade.

Conclusion
There is a negative significant correlation between age and self-efficacy, while there is a positive significant correlation between age and future anxiety.
Aerobic training versus strength exercises on muscle strength and quality of life for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mohamed Doaa , Abd Alazim Faten , Salem Elham , Ali Nesreen , Elgalaly Dina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The treatment for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can lead to multiple adverse effects, including poor physical capacity and muscle weakness. This study aimed to determine which is more effective, aerobic exercises or modified strength training program, on muscle strength and quality of life (QOL) for children with ALL.

Results
In terms of muscle strength, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in selected group of muscles elbow flexors, shoulder abductors, hip flexors, knee extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors at both sides in group B compared with group A, whereas there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between groups on QOL.

Conclusion
The outcomes of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the selected group of muscles at both sides in group B compared with group A; thus, the modified strength training program is more effective for muscle strength of children with ALL than aerobic training, but there was no significant difference between them on QOL.

Trial registration
The clinical trial registered in clinicaltrials.gov with an identifier number NCT03147365
Role of CT in differentiation between subtypes of lung cancer; is it possible?
Authors: Gharraf Heba Said , Mehana Sayed Mohamed , ElNagar Mostafa Ali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Context and purpose: lung cancer is the second in the incidence rate and the first in death rate in the United States of America in 2017. Its treatment depends upon the tumor staging as well as the histological subtype of lung cancer. CT has been the modality of choice for screening as well as diagnosis of lung cancer; however, few studies tried to correlate different CT features of lung cancer to certain pathological subtypes. Our study aims to assess the CT characteristics of the subtypes of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Results
SQCC shows a higher incidence of central location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 50%, p value of 0.5), internal cavitations (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05) as well as more frequency of higher stage within the study population, ADC shows significant predilection to peripheral location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05).

Conclusion
There is an evident correlation between the MDCT diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma and that of histopathology/cytology. The most common types are SQCC and ADC subtypes. The SQCC type of bronchial carcinoma tends to be central with the internal cavitations are common while ADC tends to be peripheral and solid.
Household poverty in people with severe mental illness in rural China: 1994–2015
Authors: Yu Yue-Hui , Luo Wei , He Man-Xi , Yang Xin , Liu Bo , Guo Yu , Thornicroft Graham , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan , Ran Mao-Sheng 
Published: September 2020

Background
Little is known about poverty trends in people with severe mental illness (SMI) over a long time span, especially under conditions of fast socioeconomic development.

Aims
This study aims to unravel changes in household poverty levels among people with SMI in a fast-changing rural community in China.

Method
Two mental health surveys, using ICD-10, were conducted in the same six townships of Xinjin county, Chengdu, China. A total of 711 and 1042 people with SMI identified in 1994 and 2015, respectively, participated in the study. The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty index was adopted to measure the changes in household poverty. These changes were decomposed into effects of growth and equity using a static decomposition method. Factors associated with household poverty in 1994 and 2015 were examined and compared by regression analyses.

Results
The proportion of poor households, as measured by the headcount ratio, increased significantly from 29.8% in 1994 to 39.5% in 2015. Decomposition showed that poverty in households containing people with SMI had worsened because of a redistribution effect. Factors associated with household poverty had also changed during the study period. The patient's age, ability to work and family size were of paramount significance in 2015.

Conclusions
This study shows that the levels of poverty faced by households containing people with SMI has become more pressing with China's fast socioeconomic development. It calls for further integration of mental health recovery and targeted antipoverty interventions for people with SMI as a development priority.
The Very Quintessence of Persecution
Authors: Hamilton Rosa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article argues that a uniquely queer anti-fascism emerged in the early 1970s led by transgender and gender-nonconforming people and cisgender lesbians against postwar fascism in western Europe. In Britain, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, queer anti-fascists drew on influences from Black Power, Women’s Liberation, and Marxism to connect fascism to everyday oppression under capitalism, white supremacy, and heteropatriarchy. Using oral histories, private collections, and against-the-grain archival research, this article is the first transnational study of queer anti-fascism and the first to view it as a discrete phenomenon. Queer anti-fascists showed what a radical and inclusive anti-fascism should look like, while their structural analysis of everyday fascism demonstrated why anti-fascism must mean social revolution. For them, queerness was necessarily antifascist: queer people’s common experience of oppression enabled them to understand and overthrow fascism and the existing order. Although they never disappeared, their marginalization by cisgender-heterosexual antifascists should warn antifascists today.
“No State Apparatus Goes to Bed Genocidal Then Wakes Up Democratic”
Authors: Rizki Cole 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article forms part of an emerging body of scholarship on the sex/gender politics of authoritarian regimes in Latin America, turning specific attention to Argentine trans and travesti politics and rights claims as these articulate with legacies of authoritarianism. On March 24, 1976, the Argentine military staged a coup d’état and established a dictatorship, perpetrating mass civilian murder until democratic transition in 1983. Drawing on state intelligence archive surveillance documents, the artist-activist intervention Campaña DESAPARECER, and travesti and transgender testimony, this article argues that the enduring social and political legacies of interwar fascism not only persisted into the years of dictatorship, but that they also continue to animate and mediate post-dictatorship transgender politics. That is, in democracy, the enduring afterlife of fascism creates conditions of possibility for activists to mobilize the language of anti-fascism and shared memories of fascist state violence in the service of contemporary transgender rights claims. Such rights claims reveal illiberal state violence’s deadly imbrications with the politics of sex and gender during dictatorship and, at the same time, challenge present-day liberal narratives that relegate state violence to a distant illiberal past.
Global Fascism?
Authors: Bland Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the early 1980s, British fascism was reeling from the failure of the National Front (NF) to build on the brief swells of support it attracted in the 1970s through its crude ethnic populism. Enter a group of young radicals who, via a series of splits, gained control of the party and pushed it in a startlingly new direction. As the decade wore on these radicals embraced ideas that would have confused or even horrified their (essentially neo-Nazi) predecessors, promoting a global “Third Way” vision that borrowed heavily first from esoteric continental influences and then, increasingly, from radical Islamic ideologues like Louis Farrakhan and Muammar Qathafi. This article explains how this unusual variant of neofascism emerged in the political context of the 1980s and interrogates its transnational credentials in order to understand the extent and sincerity of this reinvention, so as to find the Third Way NF an appropriate place in the history of contemporary fascism(s).
New trends in cellular therapy
Authors: Okano Hideyuki , Sipp Doug 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Regenerative therapies, including both gene and cellular therapies, aim to induce regeneration of cells, tissues and organs and restore their functions. In this short Spotlight, we summarize the latest advances in cellular therapies using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), highlighting the current status of clinical trials using induced (i)PSC-derived cells. We also discuss the different cellular products that might be used in clinical studies, and consider safety issues and other challenges in iPSC-based cell therapy.
Defining reperfusion post endovascular therapy in ischemic stroke using MR-dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion
Authors: d’Esterre Christopher D , Sah Rani Gupta , Assis Zarina , Talai Aron S. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Hill Michael D. , Goyal Mayank , Lee Ting-Yim , Forkert Nils D. , Barber Philip A. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements after endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke are important to distinguish early secondary injury related to persisting ischemia from that related to reperfusion when considering clinical response and infarct growth. Methods We compare reperfusion quantified by the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score (mTICI) with perfusion measured by MRI dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion within 5 h of EVT anterior circulation stroke. MR perfusion (rCBF, rCBV, rTmax, rT0) and mTICI scores were included in a predictive model for change in NIHSS at 24 h and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion growth (acute to 24 h MRI) using a machine learning RRELIEFF feature selection coupled with a support vector regression. Results For all perfusion parameters, mean values within the acute infarct for the TICI-2b group (considered clinically good reperfusion) were not significantly different from those in the mTICI <2b (clinically poor reperfusion). However, there was a statistically significant difference in perfusion values within the acute infarct region of interest between the mTICI-3 group versus both mTICI-2b and <2b (p = 0.02). The features that made up the best predictive model for change in NIHSS and absolute DWI lesion volume change was rT0 within acute infarct ROI and admission CTA collaterals respectively. No other variables, including mTICI scores, were selected for these best models. The correlation coefficients (Root mean squared error) for the cross-validation were 0.47 (13.7) and 0.51 (5.7) for change in NIHSS and absolute DWI lesion volume change. Conclusion MR perfusion following EVT provides accurate physiological approach to understanding the relationship of CBF, clinical outcome, and DWI growth. Advances in knowledge MR perfusion CBF acquired is a robust, objective reperfusion measurement providing following recanalization of the target occlusion which is critical to distinguish potential therapeutic harm from the failed technical success of EVT as well as improve the responsiveness of clinical trial outcomes to disease modification.
Development of a model of soft tissue simulation using ballistic gelatin for CBCT acquisitions related to dentomaxillofacial radiology research
Authors: Nascimento Eduarda Helena Leandro , Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Lopes Priscila de Azeredo , Santaella Gustavo Machado , Vasconcelos Karla Faria , de Freitas Deborah Queiroz , Oenning Anne Caroline , Groppo Francisco Carlos 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:To present the ballistic gelatin as a new material capable of simulating the soft tissues in cone-beam CT (CBCT) images.Methods:CBCT images of three piglet heads were acquired with their soft tissues intact (standard group). Subsequently, the piglet heads were fixed in a container using metallic pins and moulded with acrylic resin; the soft tissues were then removed and replaced by ballistic gelatin, with the same thickness of the original soft tissues. The images were evaluated by two oral radiologists, to check the adaptation on bone surfaces, thickness and density, penetration into large bone cavities and cancellous bone, and the presence of air bubbles using a 5-score scale. Additionally, an objective analysis was carried out by one oral radiologist. For each CBCT scan, three axial reconstructions were selected to represent the mandibular, occlusal, and maxillary levels. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the grey values were calculated in four regions of interest determined on soft tissue areas and compared by two-way ANOVA.Results:The ballistic gelatin showed subjective scores ranging from good to excellent for all parameters evaluated. There was no significant difference in the mean and SD values of the grey values between ballistic gelatin and the gold standard groups for all levels (p > 0.05). Higher SD values were observed in the occlusal level for both groups (p < 0.05).Conclusions:Ballistic gelatin has visual and objective similarity with the gold standard. Thus, the ballistic gelatin is a promising material capable of simulating soft tissues in CBCT images.
The effect of electronic and printed module about drug abuse prevention on teachers’ beliefs in Indonesia
Authors: Ghozali Ghozali , Azuhairi A Ahmad , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Ibrahim Faisal 
Published: September 2020

Background: Drug abuse is a serious global health problem. Globally, 269 million people or 5.3 percent of the population aged 15‒64 years used drugs in 2018. Evidence shows that most drug addicts start using drugs in adolescence (<15-years-old). Adolescents need role models who are able to guide them; teachers have important roles as they are primary role models for students. Therefore, teachers should have positive beliefs to guide students effectively, i.e. they should have good awareness about the threat of drug abuse and high confidence to implement required prevention. This research developed an alternative electronic delivery method of learning material to empower teachers in preventing drug abuse. This study aimed to compare the effect of the electronic and a printed teaching module on teachers’ beliefs about drug abuse prevention. Methods: 260 junior high school teachers were selected randomly. These teachers were split into two groups. Before intervention, a questionnaire was completed by both groups. The teachers then completed the learning material: electronic module in the first group and printed module in the second group. One month later, data was collected from both groups using the same questionnaire to assess the beliefs of the teachers Results: There was significant positive effect on teachers’ beliefs, both in electronic module and printed module groups. All categories of beliefs at one month after intervention were significantly higher than those at baseline (P<0.001). Based on between group comparison analysis of mean changes, perceived susceptibility in electronic module group was significantly higher than printed module group (P<0.001), while perceived severity, benefits, barriers and efficacy were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusions: Electronic and printed module intervention significantly increased teachers’ beliefs in drug abuse prevention. The printed module was still effective to be used as learning media, while the electronic module was an alternative with some advantages.
Improved diagnosis of chronic hip and knee prosthetic joint infection using combined serum and synovial IL-6 tests
Authors: Qin Leilei , Li Xinyu , Wang Jiawei , Gong Xuan , Hu Ning , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2020

Aims This study aimed to explore whether serum combined with synovial interleukin-6 (IL-6) measurement can improve the accuracy of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis, and to establish the cut-off values of IL-6 in serum and synovial fluid in detecting chronic PJI. Methods Patients scheduled to have a revision surgery for indications of chronic infection of knee and hip arthroplasties or aseptic loosening of an implant were prospectively screened before being enrolled into this study. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) definition of PJI was used for the classification of cases as aseptic or infected. Serum CRP, ESR, IL-6, and percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN%) and IL-6 in synovial fluid were analyzed. Statistical tests were performed to compare these biomarkers in the two groups, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed for each biomarker. Results A total of 93 patients were enrolled. There was no difference in demographic data between both groups. Synovial fluid IL-6, with a threshold of 1,855.36 pg/ml, demonstrated a mean sensitivity of 94.59% (95% confidence interval (CI) 81.8% to 99.3%) and a mean specificity of 92.86% (95% CI 82.7 to 98.0) for detecting chronic PJI. Then 6.7 pg/ml was determined to be the optimal threshold value of serum IL-6 for the diagnosis of chronic PJI, with a mean sensitivity of 97.30% (95% CI 85.8% to 99.9%) and a mean specificity of 76.79% (95% CI 63.6% to 87.0%). The combination of synovial IL-6 and serum IL-6 led to improved accuracy of 96.77% in diagnosing chronic PJI. Conclusion The present study identified that a combination of IL-6 in serum and synovial IL-6 has the potential for further improvement of the diagnosis of PJI. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):587–592.
Barriers to Doing Activism
Authors: Craddock Emma 
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses the costs (financial, physical, psychological and emotional) associated with doing activism. While participants speak about activism in terms of the everyday and suggest that it is something anyone can do, they often do not acknowledge the privilege required to do activism. This chapter draws out the tensions present in the notion that everyone can and should do activism by exploring the barriers and exclusions that prevent individuals from participating politically. This includes the reality that those who are hardest hit by austerity often do not have the resources to protest against it. Therefore, while lived experiences of issues are deemed to be a key and authentic motivation for doing activism (a topic that is explored further in Chapter 6), it becomes clear that those who are most affected by austerity are less able to protest against it because of its effects. Despite women being disproportionately affected by austerity, this chapter reveals the continuing and heightening gendered barriers that exist in the specific context of austerity and a local anti-austerity activist culture that privileges questions of class over those of gender. It demonstrates how, in response, women are forming their own feminist resistance to austerity, and explores how this is empowering but problematic because it upholds austerity through the provision of unpaid care in the absence of public services.