bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operationalizing stakeholder theory and prioritizing ethics in MBA programs: The utility of a trust approach
Authors: Hansen S. Duane , Mouritsen Matthew , Davis James H. , Noack David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAt a time when some are questioning the relevancy of business education in general, others are now asking whether MBA programs should be blamed for society’s declining trust in business and the numerous corporate ethical failures of recent decades. Whether the full blame lies with business schools or not, MBA instructors are actively seeking more effective ways to help students adopt more practical and ethical managerial paradigms. Because trust theory is simple and robust and outlines the basic mental processes that drive economic exchange while simultaneously prioritizing ethical behavior, in this article, we argue that it is distinctively suited to operationalize stakeholder theory in the classroom, providing MBA students with both a principled and a practical foundation or thematic platform for their MBA coursework and subsequent careers. We also discuss potential challenges and limitations and provide recommendations for future research.
Violinists, demandingness, and the impairment argument against abortion
Authors: Crummett Dustin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ‘impairment argument’ against abortion developed by Perry Hendricks aims to derive the wrongness of abortion from the wrongness of causing foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Hendricks endorses an ‘impairment principle’, which states that, if it is wrong to inflict an impairment of a certain degree on an organism, then, ceteris paribus, it is also wrong to inflict a more severe impairment on that organism. Causing FAS is wrong in virtue of the impairment it inflicts. But abortion inflicts an even more severe impairment (death), and so, ceteris paribus, is also wrong. Notably, Hendricks thinks that this argument does not require the claim that the foetus is a person. Here, I respond to Hendricks by arguing that the ceteris paribus clause of the impairment principle is not met in ordinary cases of pregnancy. Carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term is much more burdensome than is refraining from excessive drinking for nine months. This provides a pro tanto justification for obtaining an abortion that does not apply to causing FAS. If the foetus is not a person, it seems fairly clear to me that this justification is strong enough to render abortion permissible. Hendricks is therefore incorrect in claiming that the impairment argument can go without claims concerning foetal personhood. If the foetus is a person, then whether burdensomeness justifies abortion depends on certain questions relating to Thomson’s famous violinist argument. I will not attempt to answer those. But anyone who is otherwise sympathetic to Thomson’s argument should not be moved by the impairment argument.
Artificial womb technology and clinical translation: Innovative treatment or medical research?
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn 2017 and 2019, two research teams claimed ‘proof of principle’ for artificial womb technology (AWT). AWT has long been a subject of speculation in bioethical literature, with broad consensus that it is a welcome development. Despite this, little attention is afforded to more immediate ethical problems in the development of AWT, particularly as an alternative to neonatal intensive care. To start this conversation, I consider whether experimental AWT is innovative treatment or medical research. The research–treatment distinction, pervasive in regulation worldwide, is intended to isolate research activities and subject them to a greater degree of oversight. I argue that there is a tendency in the literature to conceptualize AWT for partial ectogenesis as innovative treatment. However, there are sufficiently serious ethical concerns with experimental AWT that mean that it must not be first used on humans on the basis that it is a ‘beneficial treatment’. First, I outline the prospects for translation of AWT animal studies into treatment for human preterms. Second, I challenge the conceptualizations of experimental AWT as innovative treatment. It must be considered medical research to reflect the investigatory nature of the process and guarantee sufficient protections for subjects. Identifying that AWT is research is crucial in formulating further ethico‐legal questions regarding the experimental use of AWT. Third, I demonstrate that clinical trials will be a necessary part of the clinical translation of AWT because of requirements laid out by regulators. I consider the justification for clinical trials and highlight some of the crucial ethical questions about the conditions under which they should proceed.
Filaggrin gene mutations in relation to contact allergy and hand eczema in adolescence
Authors: Lagrelius Maria , Wahlgren Carl‐Fredrik , Bradley Maria , Melén Erik , Kull Inger , Bergström Anna , Lidén Carola 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFilaggrin is an important protein for structure and function of the skin barrier. Filaggrin gene (FLG) mutations are known to result in dry skin, impaired skin barrier, and increased risk for atopic dermatitis. However, it is not clear whether these mutations are associated with contact allergy or hand eczema in adolescence.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether FLG mutations are associated with contact allergy, self‐reported hand eczema, or dry skin in adolescence.MethodsWe used data from the 16‐year follow‐up in the BAMSE cohort, information obtained from a Web‐based questionnaire including questions on hand eczema and dry skin, from FLG mutation analysis (R501X, R2447X, 2282del4), and patch testing (n = 1822).ResultsLogistic regression analyses showed no statistically significant associations between FLG mutations and contact allergy (any contact allergy, nickel allergy, or fragrance allergy) according to patch test, or self‐reported hand eczema at 16 years, or hand eczema ever. However, FLG mutations were associated with self‐reported dry skin at 16 years.ConclusionsFLG mutations are associated with self‐reported dry skin at 16 years. However, in this study no consistent associations were found between FLG mutations and contact allergy or hand eczema at 16.
A coupled thermomechanical nonordinary state‐based peridynamics for thermally induced cracking of rocks
Authors: Shou Yundong , Zhou Xiaoping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA novel coupled thermo‐mechanical nonordinary state‐based peridynamics is proposed to study thermally induced damage in rocks. The thermal expansion characteristics of solid material are introduced into the coupled thermomechanical model to consider the influence of temperature. The deformation gradient tensor is obtained by the temperature fields, which is solved by peridynamic heat conduction theory. By introducing the deformation gradient tensor into the force state function of the nonordinary state‐based peridynamics, the coupling of thermal and mechanical is realized. A failure criterion is developed to investigate the thermally induced cracking of rocks. Then, the validity of the coupled thermo‐mechanical model is demonstrated by a numerical simulation. The correctness of the coupled model is validated by a benchmark example with analytic solution. Moreover, the thermal cracking progress in rocks is simulated using the proposed coupled nonordinary state‐based peridynamic model, and it is found that the numerical results are in good agreement with the previous experimental observations.
Human exploitation shapes productivity–biomass relationships on coral reefs
Authors: Morais Renato A. , Connolly Sean R. , Bellwood David R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCoral reef fisheries support the livelihoods of millions of people in tropical countries, despite large‐scale depletion of fish biomass. While human adaptability can help to explain the resistance of fisheries to biomass depletion, compensatory ecological mechanisms may also be involved. If this is the case, high productivity should coexist with low biomass under relatively high exploitation. Here we integrate large spatial scale empirical data analysis and a theory‐driven modelling approach to unveil the effects of human exploitation on reef fish productivity–biomass relationships. We show that differences in how productivity and biomass respond to overexploitation can decouple their relationship. As size‐selective exploitation depletes fish biomass, it triggers increased production per unit biomass, averting immediate productivity collapse in both the modelling and the empirical systems. This ‘buffering productivity’ exposes the danger of assuming resource production–biomass equivalence, but may help to explain why some biomass‐depleted fish assemblages still provide ecosystem goods under continued global fishing exploitation.
How is knowledge shared in Public involvement? A qualitative study of involvement in a health technology assessment
Authors: Cockcroft Emma J. , Britten Nicky , Long Linda , Liabo Kristin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPublic involvement in research is seen as a quality marker by funders. To understand the process and impact of involvement, more in‐depth studies are needed on how members of the public contribute in meetings with researchers.ObjectivesThis study aimed to observe and reflect on what is said by public advisers in involvement. We wanted to understand (a) what knowledge and experience is shared during research meetings, and (b) how this knowledge is shared with researchers.MethodsData were collected in November 2016 as part of the public involvement in a health technology assessment of lung cancer screening using low‐dose computed tomography. Three meetings were audio recorded and observed with the purpose of understanding how members of the public contributed during the meetings. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and data analysed using a thematic approach, with the coding framework developed inductively. We also included reflections from a community drop‐in session.ResultsMembers of the public brought three different ‘sources’ of knowledge and experience to meetings with researchers: direct lived personal experience; learnt knowledge; and the experience and values of others. The data suggest that group settings allow for dynamic discussions and sharing of different types of knowledge.ConclusionGroup‐based involvement meetings allow for the synergistic combination of individual knowledge and experience. This gives researchers a broader understanding of the topic, which can be the vehicle for patient impact on the research. A combination of group meeting and community drop‐in can enable more varied input into research planning and conduct.
Exploring the potential use of patient and public involvement to strengthen Indonesian mental health care for people with psychosis: A qualitative exploration of the views of service users and carers
Authors: Susanti Herni , James Karen , Utomo Bagus , Keliat Budi‐Anna , Lovell Karina , Irmansyah I , Rose Diana , Colucci Erminia , Brooks Helen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) has the potential to strengthen mental health systems in Indonesia and improve care for people living with psychosis. Current evidence from other parts of the world demonstrates the need to understand the contexts in which PPI is to be enacted to ensure optimal implementation.ObjectiveTo understand service users’ and carers’ views on the current use and potential applicability of PPI within Indonesian mental health services.DesignQualitative study incorporating focus groups analysed using thematic analysis.Setting and participantsParticipants included 22 service users and 21 carers recruited from two study sites in Indonesia (Jakarta and Bogor). All participants had experience of psychosis either as a service user or carer.ResultsDespite the value attributed to PPI in relation to improving services and promoting recovery, current use of such activities in Indonesian mental health services was limited. Participants expressed a desire for greater levels of involvement and more holistic care but felt community organizations were best placed to deliver this because PPI was considered more congruent with the ethos of third‐sector organizations. Additional barriers to PPI included stigma and low levels of mental health literacy in both health services and communities.Discussion and conclusionParticipants felt that there was potential value in the use of PPI within Indonesian mental health services with careful consideration of individual contexts. Future aspirations of involvement enactment should ensure a central design and delivery role for third‐sector organizations. Facilitators to global collaborative research in the context of the current study are also discussed.
Advances in genetics toward identifying pathogenic cell states of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Amariuta Tiffany , Luo Yang , Knevel Rachel , Okada Yukinori , Raychaudhuri Soumya 
Published: November 2019

SummaryRheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk has a large genetic component (~60%) that is still not fully understood. This has hampered the design of effective treatments that could promise lifelong remission. RA is a polygenic disease with 106 known genome‐wide significant associated loci and thousands of small effect causal variants. Our current understanding of RA risk has suggested cell‐type‐specific contexts for causal variants, implicating CD4 + effector memory T cells, as well as monocytes, B cells and stromal fibroblasts. While these cellular states and categories are still mechanistically broad, future studies may identify causal cell subpopulations. These efforts are propelled by advances in single cell profiling. Identification of causal cell subpopulations may accelerate therapeutic intervention to achieve lifelong remission.
A strategy of ideotype development for heat‐tolerant wheat
Authors: Ullah Smi , Bramley Helen , Mahmood Tariq , Trethowan Richard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeat stress significantly limits yield in many wheat‐growing areas globally including north‐western NSW. While various traits linked to high‐temperature tolerance have been identified, the combination of traits that optimize the heat tolerance of wheat has not been established in most environments. A total of 554 genotypes were evaluated in the field at different times of sowing in north‐western NSW for three consecutive years to develop a heat‐tolerant wheat ideotype for this environment. The later sown experiments were exposed to higher temperatures at the critical reproductive and grain‐filling stages of development. The impact of high temperature was greatest at anthesis, and eventual grain yield was reduced by between 4% and 7% with every 1°C rise in average maximum temperature above the optimum of 25°C. High temperature reduced yield, plant height, grain weight and days to anthesis and maturity, and increased the percentage of screenings and grain protein content. Genotypes that produced higher yield under heat stress had shorter days to flowering and maturity, higher NDVI during grain filling, greater chlorophyll content at the milk stage of grain fill, taller plants, greater grain weight and number, and lower screenings compared with the benchmark cultivar Suntop. The genotype closest to the predicted heat‐tolerant wheat ideotype identified from trait ranges had 79.6% similarity.
Tamoxifen inhibits cell proliferation by impaired glucose metabolism in gallbladder cancer
Authors: Huang Shuai , Wang Hui , Chen Wei , Zhan Ming , Xu Sunwang , Huang Xince , Lin Ruirong , Shen Hui , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) is the leading malignancy of biliary system showing refractory chemoresistance to current first‐line drugs. Growing epidemiological evidences have established that the incidence of GBC exhibits significant gender predominance with females two‐threefold higher than males, suggesting oestrogen/oestrogen receptors (ERs) signalling might be a critical driver of tumorigenesis in gallbladder. This study aims to evaluate the antitumour activity of tamoxifen (TAM), a major agent of hormonal therapy for breast cancer, in preclinical GBC model. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to investigate mRNA levels. Protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Glycolytic levels were measured by glucose consumption and lactic acid measurement. The antitumour activity of TAM alone or with cisplatin was examined with CCK8 assay, colony formation, flow cytometry and in vivo models. The results revealed that ERɑ expression was higher in GBC tissues and predicted poor clinical outcomes. TAM was showed effective against a variety of GBC cell lines. Mechanical investigations revealed that TAM enabled potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by reduced nuclear factor Nrf2 expression and its target genes, leading to the activation of AMPK, which subsequently induced impaired glycolysis and survival advantages. Notably, TAM was demonstrated to sensitize GBC cells to cisplatin (CDDP) both in vitro and in vivo. In agreement with these findings, elimination of oestrogens by ovariectomy in nude mice prevented CDDP resistance. In summary, these results provide basis for TAM treatment for GBC and shed novel light on the potential application of endocrine therapy for patients with GBC.
Tooth loss in aggressive periodontitis: Results 25 years after active periodontal therapy in a private practice
Authors: Bäumer Amelie , Weber Dorothea , Staufer Sebastian , Pretzl Bernadette , Körner Gerd , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess tooth loss in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) 10–35 years after active periodontal therapy (APT) in a private practice and to detect possible factors influencing tooth loss.Material and MethodsIn 100 patients with AgP, tooth loss was recorded over a median follow‐up period of 25.5 years after APT, retrospectively. Patient‐ and tooth‐level factors were assessed with a Cox frailty regression model.ResultsOf 2,380 teeth, 227 were lost during a median follow‐up time of 25.5 years (2.3 ± 3.6 teeth/patient, range 0–17 teeth), resulting in a mean tooth loss rate of 0.09 teeth/patient/year. At patient‐level, statistically significant factors for tooth loss were smoking (p = .039) and the baseline diagnosis generalized AgP (p < .001). Influencing factors at tooth‐level were location in the maxilla (p = .003), baseline bone loss (p < .001), molars (p < .001) and premolars (p < .001) as well as abutment teeth (p = .009).ConclusionTooth loss occurred rarely in patients with AgP treated in a private practice over a long‐time period. Annual tooth loss rates are comparable with those described in university settings. Smoking, generalized form of AgP, location/type of tooth, baseline bone loss and abutment status could be detected as factors impacting upon tooth loss.
Self‐reported halitosis in a sample of Brazilians: Prevalence, associated risk predictors and accuracy estimates with clinical diagnosis
Authors: Faria Sandro Felipe Santos , Costa Fernando Oliveira , Silveira Juliana Oliveira , Cyrino Renata Magalhães , Cota Luís Otávio Miranda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the prevalence of self‐reported halitosis and its predictors, and to determine the accuracy estimates of self‐reported measures with clinical evaluation of halitosis.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study comprised 5,420 individuals (teaching staff, administrative personnel and ongoing students from Federal University of Minas Gerais), who answered a structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic, medical and dental data, and self‐reported halitosis measures. A subsample (n = 159) underwent halitosis assessment through the organoleptic method. Predictors for self‐reported halitosis were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses. Accuracy estimates of self‐reported measures were evaluated in this subsample.ResultsPrevalence of self‐reported halitosis varied from approximately 4%–35%, depending on the self‐reported measure. Self‐reported halitosis was mainly associated with socio‐economic variables (age, gender, educational level), parameters of oral health (gingival bleeding, gingival infections, tongue coating, general oral health evaluation) and impacts on daily activities (family/social environment and intimate relations). Specificity values for self‐reported halitosis measures were determined to be high for clinical (organoleptic score ≥2) and strong (organoleptic score ≥4) halitosis. Combinations of self‐reported measures retrieved useful accuracy estimates for strong halitosis.ConclusionPrevalence rates of self‐reported halitosis may be considered moderate. Accuracy diagnostic estimates were determined to be useful, with good prediction for non‐diseased individuals.
Contribution of genes and environment to the longitudinal association between childhood impulsive‐aggression and suicidality in adolescence
Authors: Orri Massimiliano , Geoffroy Marie‐Claude , Turecki Gustavo , Feng Bei , Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Dionne Ginette , Paquin Stephane , Galera Cedric , Renaud Johanne , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. , Boivin Michel 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundPopulation‐based and family studies showed that impulsive‐aggression predicts suicidality; however, the underlying etiological nature of this association is poorly understood. The objective was to determine the contribution of genes and environment to the association between childhood impulsive‐aggression and serious suicidal ideation/attempt in young adulthood.MethodsN = 862 twins (435 families) from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study were followed up from birth to 20 years. Repeated measures of teacher‐assessed impulsive‐aggression were modeled using a genetically informed latent growth model including intercept and slope parameters reflecting individual differences in the baseline level (age 6 years) and in the change (increase/decrease) of impulsive‐aggression during childhood (6 to 12 years), respectively. Lifetime suicidality (serious suicidal ideation/attempt) was self‐reported at 20 years. Associations of impulsive‐aggression intercept and slope with suicidality were decomposed into additive genetic (A) and unique environmental (E) components.ResultsAdditive genetic factors accounted for an important part of individual differences in impulsive‐aggression intercept (A = 90%, E = 10%) and slope (A = 65%, E = 35%). Genetic (50%) and unique environmental (50%) factors equally contributed to suicidality. We found that 38% of the genetic factors accounting for suicidality were shared with those underlying impulsive‐aggression slope, whereas 40% of the environmental factors accounting for suicidality were shared with those associated with impulsive‐aggression intercept. The genetic correlation between impulsive‐aggression slope and suicidality was 0.60, p = .027.ConclusionsGenetic and unique environmental factors underlying suicidality significantly overlap with those underlying childhood impulsive‐aggression. Future studies should identify putative genetic and environmental factors to inform prevention.