bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convection heat transfer in a porous medium saturated with an Oldroyd B fluid - A Review
Authors: Prema S , Shankar B M , Seetharamu K N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this review paper, the important milestones in model studies such as Darcy and Brinkman on heat transfer through porous medium were summarized. Mathematical expressions pertaining to models were studied to understand the response of theaOldroyd B fluid flowing through aaporous medium with a finite element boundary conditions. Research papers on Linear stretched sheet and circular tube flow models gave the clear picture of the extent of work carried out by the heat transfer researchers. Handful of verticals are identified as research gaps which still remains unexplored. Hence Provides an opportunity to carryout in-depth analysis for complete understanding of heat transfer thorough a Oldroyd B fluid filled porous media.
A review on performance study of finned tube heat exchanger
Authors: Basavarajappa S , Manavendra G , Prakash S B 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The plate Fin-and-tube heat exchangers are one of the most common type of heat exchangers that are widely used in variety industrial applications like space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, aerospace industry and sewage treatment. It is very important to reduce the size, weight and enhance the heat transfer rate of heat exchanger. Fin-and-tube heat exchangers with different geometry and orientations are used to improve the thermal performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of research works carried out to improve the thermal performance of a heat exchanger by using different parameters like type of fins, orientation, shapes and locations. This review is to help understand how every mentioned parameters influences on improvement of thermal performance.
Heat transfer enhancement in concentric tube heat exchanger with tangential injection and twisted tape inserts
Authors: Warghat Ketan V , Jagdale H D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Heat exchanger has many engineering applications such as air conditioning, chemical reactor and refrigeration systems, etc. The performance of this industries mainly depends on the performance of heat exchanger. So, to increase the performance of heat exchanger many techniques have been investigated on enhancement of heat transfer rate and decrease the size and cost of the heat exchangers. In most of applications and key areas like power plants, process & chemical industries uses surface enhancement methods. Present work mainly emphasis on the both passive and active methods of heat transfer enhancement. In this work, to enhance the heat transfer rate with the help of twisted tape insert in passive method in which aluminium twisted tapes are used. In the active method fluid is injected in annulus space to generate turbulence through tangential injectors. There are six injectors are used to generate turbulence. Water is used as a working fluid in both types of heat exchanger. From the experiment it shows that, as Reynolds number increases heat transfer coefficient also increases
Temperature Cross in Three-Fluid Cryogenic Heat Exchangers
Authors: Krishna V , Seetharamu K N , Spoorthi S , Akshobhya  , Sukruth R , Manoj M , Murali Prashanth , Bharadwaj Prerak , Nayak Subhash 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In multi-fluid heat exchangers, local equalization of fluid temperatures occur(s) at certain location(s) within the heat exchanger, depending on the chosen values of the operating condition parameters and design parameters. This is referred to as a ‘temperature cross’ between the concerned fluids. The formation of the temperature cross leads to a situation wherein there is reversal of heat transfer in the heat exchanger section on one side of the cross. A three-fluid cryogenic heat exchanger, involving thermal interaction between all the three-fluids - hot, cold and intermediate - is investigated for the effect of the temperature cross, for the different flow arrangements. Non-dimensional governing equations are formulated to account for ambient heat-in-leak and longitudinal wall conduction and solved using finite element method. An algorithm, using MATLAB, has been used to determine the position of the temperature cross. The variation of the temperature cross is investigated for varying values of the Thermal Resistance Ratio between intermediate-cold fluids and hot-cold fluids (H1).
Effects of injection pressure on performance and exhaust emissions of CIDI diesel fuelled with synthesized biodiesel (fish oil and honge oil)
Authors: Tilak S R , Nayeem Ahmed M , Anil Kumar B N , Yogish H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To assess the emissions and performance of a test engine fueled by biodiesel - blends made from mixed fish oil extracted from processing by-products with honge oil in equal proportions. The experimental investigation was utilized to examine the effects of injection pressures on compression ignition engine testing and correlation of these effects the biodiesel blends. Consequently, commercial diesel fuel intermingled with various concentrations of fish-oil biodiesel with B0, B10, B20, B30, B40 and B50 were utilized for the test engine. Compared to B0, the average decline in brake power of the methyl esters was reduced proportionally with the biodiesel ratio in the fuel blends. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and oxides of nitrogen emissions improved together with a decline in hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions as the proportion of biodiesel rises. As injection pressure increases, the brake power increases for all kinds of fuels tested.
A review on thermal barrier coating for diesel engine and its characteristics studies
Authors: Rohini A , Prema S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) on diesel engine performance was studied with a purpose of improving the thermal efficiency by decreasing Specific fuel consumption (SFC) and reducing exhaust emissions. This review paper gives a comparison of a standard diesel engine over a Low heat rejection engine. The experimental results from the various researchers show a gradual improvement in efficiency and specific fuel consumption rate. Higher operating temperature in combustion chamber gives higher efficiency which by using temperature resistant materials. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic, ZrO2, Al2O3, Aluminium titanium are the coatings used on piston crown, cylinder liners, valves by adopting plasma spray technique. The results of LHR engine shows that, NOx emission is increased, whereas the efficiency and SFC are closer to standard engines at Low loads and noticeable improvements are seen at higher loads.
Thermal analysis of natural gas as an alternative fuel for gasoline engine
Authors: Ravichandra R , Rajesha S , Sang C C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Transport sector is one of the highly emerging industries which consume a million barrels of petroleum fuels like gasoline and diesel per day. Consequently, petroleum fuels are getting exhausted day-by-day. Energy supply for growing demand from the transport sector would be difficult to combat in the near future. This crisis has led to the avenue for alternative fuels to be one of the solutions. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has been successfully used as one of the alternative fuel worldwide. However, the design features of the gasoline operated engines are facing certain issue related to performance, consistency and reliability of the engine when it was switched to CNG as prime fuel. Distinct researchers have worked on the issue to find an appropriate solution. In the current work, the thermal behaviour of engine and its effect on engine cooling mechanism is considered as part of the study to analyse the effect of applying CNG as prime fuel on a gasoline operated engine.
Experimental investigation on thermal characterization of gasoline-ethanol blends
Authors: Atgur Vinay , Manavendra G , Bala Chaitanya Subba Rao T , Durga Prasad M , Bala Saloman Reddy T , Dheeraj K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Petroleum products are now current consumption rate it will be depleting in upcoming decades. Ethanol usage is one of the transport sectors can fulfill the requirement and contribute to mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions of the vehicles. In order to expand the SI engine this can work on 100% ethanol or adding ethanol in petrol and use the blends of that. The intention of this work is to study the thermal characteristics of Gasoline and its E5, E10, E15 ethanol blends. All thermograms of heat flow exhibited at a 350C-2800C temperature range at heating rate of 100C/min in atmospheric air as medium. Transport properties like Thermal conductivity, Specific Heat capacity and Thermal diffusivity are studied using TPS500(s). This study concludes that ethanol blending is the lowest exhaust emissions with considerable improvement in the performance of the Spark Ignition (SI) engine and promising, Ethanol as a future fuel which can be fortunately replace petrol and its depletion problem.
Evaluation of performance and emission characeristics of heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides microalgae biodiesel and its blends with diesel in a direct injection diesel engine.
Authors: Jagadevkumar A P , Pravin V K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
At present research in biofuels for internal combustion engines received a lot of attention because the fossil fuels are depleting in nature and also due to their exhaust emissions they imposing threats like global warming, acid rain etc on environment. The use of biofuels derived from plant biomass in internal combustion engines can reduce the global warming and other hazards on environment, but the difficulty associated with these fuels is the feed stocks, fertile land requirement for their growth resulting in shortage of fertile land for cultivating food crops. So algae are the best alternative promising biofuel resourc energy. Particularly microalgae are most reliable source of biofuel because they are non edible, and they does not require fertile land for their growth. Hence, Accordingly, in this research work Heterotrophic chlorella prothecoides microalgae biodiesel, diesel and their blends are tested with a DI diesel engine to study the performance and emission characteristics. The experimental study shown that, compared to Petroleum diesel the Heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides microalgae biodiesel produces lesser emissions. Heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides microalgae biodiesel B100 shown a reduction of 2.85,2.89, 3.15, 20, 4.67 and 13.54 % in, torque, brake power, brake thermal efficiency, CO, CO2 and NOx, respectively and an increase of 11.81 and 15.96 % in O2 and bsfc, respectively compared to petroleum diesel.
Effects of adding powdered metals with the solid propellants – A review
Authors: Adharsh Unni A , Kulkarni Rajat , Singh Chanchal , Singh Vishal , Priya Varshini Vasireddi Mouli , Shanmugaraj Gopinath 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rocket engines that use solid propellants are widely used in the commercial space flight industry for powering orbital-class launch vehicles and small research rockets. Thrust and the specific impulse developed by a rocket engine are essential properties of a rocket propulsion system, and it specifies the overall performance of a rocket. These properties heavily influenced by the burn-rate properties of the solid propellants. One of the many methods to improve the burn rate of the solid propellant is the addition of metallic powders into the fuel-oxidizer matrix. This technique has been observed to enhance the burn rate of the solid propellants; several studies have concluded the same. On the other hand, these additives result in the release of metal oxides into the atmosphere and lead to a higher amount of environmental pollution. This paper summarizes the effects of adding metals and their concentrations on the burning properties of the solid propellants.
Investigation of bending properties on carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites used for micro wind turbine blades
Authors: Puttaraju D.G , Hanumantharaju H.G. , Shreyas  , Pradeep  , Nuthan  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Composite is material which is made by two or more constituent material. When these materials are combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. Metallic materials are most widely used in structure, Automobile industry and in our daily life. Metallic materials also show a good property, but main problem with this is more density which causes heavy weight. This is a big disadvantage in many fields. To overcome the problem metallic materials can be replaced by composite material which has lesser density, less weight, higher stiffness, higher strength and better fatigue resistance. The present study is made on Carbon fiber.
Carbon acts a high performance fiber material. It has highest specific modulus and high specific strength of all reinforcing fiber material. Carbon fiber reinforcement composite is a strong, light and very expensive material. High cost of this material is compensated by its excellent strength to weight ratio. The composite consist of Carbon fiber, epoxy resin namely Ly556 and Hardener 951. This study has been done to study the mechanical properties tensile test, compression test, three point bending test etc to be carried out for better understanding of the carbon fiber composite material. In this study three point bending test is discussed and use of carbon fiber and epoxy resin composite in micro wind turbine blade has been studied.
Studies on the feasibility of adsorption cooling technologies
Authors: Ashok Kumar K , Kapilan N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the current scenario, for majority of the people and industry needs of the globe, cooling processes such as refrigeration as well as air conditioning are important and major requisites. On the other hand, the conventional vapour compression systems require high electrical energy input and employ refrigerants with negative environmental impacts like ozone layer depletion and climate change resulting from the emission of harmful gases such as CO2, Hydro fluorocarbons and Chlorofluorocarbons with the usage of conventional refrigerants. The solar energy being a renewable source is one of the key solutions to pollution problems and can be used to drive the adsorption cooling machines. With the heat source temperature of even 50° C which is obtained from the low grade energy like solar energy or waste heat energy is feasible to run the adsorption refrigeration system to reduce the operating cost. In the present work, a single bed adsorption refrigeration system is developed and tested using working pair as silica gel and water. From the experimental results, it was observed that this system can be used as alternative to the conventional vapour compression refrigeration system to produce cooling effect. However, the performance of the adsorption system studied is lower than the vapour compression refrigeration system.
Effect of parallel plate stack spacing on the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerator in terms of temperature difference using air as a working fluid
Authors: Shivakumara N V , Arya Bheemsha 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The existing conventional refrigerators are operated by using hazardous refrigerants, which produces CFCs and HCFCs resulting in the depletion of the ozone layer. However, these disadvantages can be overcome using inert gases in the thermoacoustic refrigeration system. The present research involves the effect of the spacing of a parallel plate stack on the performance of the thermoacoustic refrigerator (TAR). TAR is fabricated by using Poly-Vinyl-Chloride (PVC), which is designed for 10W cooling power. Three parallel plate stacks have been used to study the performance of TAR considering different porosity ratios by varying the gap between the parallel plates (0.28 mm, 0.33 mm and 0.38 mm). The parallel plate stacks are fabricated by using aluminium and mylar sheet material, and the working fluid used for the experimental study is zero air. The experiments have been carried out with different drive ratios ranging from 0.6% to 1.6%, with operating frequencies of 200 – 600 Hz. Also, the mean operating pressure used for the experiment is 2 to 10 bar, and the cooling load of 2 to 10W is considered. The temperature difference (ΔT) between the hot heat exchanger and cold heat exchanger is recorded using RTDs and Bruel and Kjaer data acquisition system. Experimental results show that the lowest temperature measured at cold heat exchanger is 1.23 °C by maintaining the hot heat exchanger temperature at about 32 °C. The maximum ΔT of 30.77 °C is achieved.
Urbanization has stronger impacts than regional climate change on wind stilling: a lesson from South Korea
Authors: Chen Xing , Jeong Sujong , Park Hoonyoung , Kim Jinwon , Park Chan-Ryul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Wind stilling has been observed in many regions across the Northern Hemisphere; however, the related mechanisms are not well understood. Analyses of the wind speed variations in South Korea during 1993–2015 in this study reveal that the annual-mean surface wind speeds at rural stations have increased by up to 0.41 m s−1 decade−1, while those at urban stations have decreased by up to −0.63 m s−1 decade−1. The local wind speed variations are found to be negatively correlated with the population density at the corresponding observation sites. Gustiness analyses show the increase in local surface roughness due to urbanization can explain the observed negative wind speed trends at urban stations as the urbanization effect overwhelms the positive wind speed trend due to climate change. The observed negative wind speed trend in urban areas are not found in the regional climate model simulations in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment—East Asia (CORDEX-EA) as these models do not take into account the impact of urbanization on wind variations during the period. This study suggests that urbanization can play an important role in the recent wind stilling in rapidly developing regions such as South Korea. Our results suggest that future climate projections in CORDEX-EA may overestimate wind speeds in urban areas, and that future regional climate projections need to consider the effects of urbanization for a more accurate projection of wind speeds.
Behavior of hybrid Reinforced Concrete Beams made with two types of concrete (Normal Weight and Reactive Powder Concrete)
Authors: Abdullh Kammash Khudhayer Najim , Mseer Ayad Hameed , Alameer Eedan Osama Abd 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research confirms the use of finite element modeling using volume 16 ANSYS package to represent the non pre stressed concrete beams reinforced with steel bars, reactive powder concrete beams and hybrid reinforced concrete beams. This work focused on two main purposes: the first one is for economic purpose to check the effects of inclusion of fresh reactive powder concrete with the fresh normal weight concrete beams body at compression and tension stress concentration regions to improve the ultimate load resistance and to control mid span deflection of simply supported beams or any great structural elements. The second purpose is to check effects of using steel fibers with different volume fractions (Vf = 0%, Vf = 1%, Vf = 1.5% and Vf = 2%) in reactive powder concrete beams with fixing all other mechanical properties of concrete to show clearly its effect on controlling of mid span deflection with applied loads or in other words, on beam ductility. The used beam was simple supported reinforced concrete beam with dimensions (110 X 200 X 1500)mm width, height and length, respectively, reinforced with bottom 2 main bars of 12mm diameter and 8mm diameter stirrups spaced at 50mm. Each beam was loaded up-to maximum load which makes failure under the effect of two concentrated parallel loads for beam used as a case study and one central concentrated load for parametric study beams to assign the load and deflection values at beams mid-span locations.
The proposed nonlinear finite element solutions are compared with the experimental data obtained from other researcher [1], which gives a good agreement between the obtained results.
Parametric studies are carried out by using the proved nonlinear ANSYS (version 16) model to investigate the effects of adding expensive RPC with cheap NWC in structural elements bodies to obtain an economic construction material and to reduce weight and volumes especially for great structural elements.
Structural behavior of SCC continuous deep beam strengthening and retrofitting with carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips
Authors: Al-Bdari W J , Al-Bayati Nabeel , Al-Shaarbaf A. S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study presents an experimental work to investigate the structural behavior of continuous self-compacting concrete (SCC) deep beams strengthened and retrofitted with woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips and evaluate their shear capacity. The work includes casting and testing fourteen beams specimens. All tested beams have the same dimensions, the same flexural reinforcement and concrete compressive strength with two continuous span and have been subjected to two-point loads. The test specimens were divided into three groups. The first group including eight beams with minimum ratio of shear reinforcement (ρv= ρh=0.25%) and two parameters considered, shear span to overall depth ratio (a/h) and three different schemes of CFRP strip. The second group including four beams without interior vertical and horizontal shear reinforcement (ρv=ρh=0%) with three different schemes of CFRP strip and control beam. The third group consists of two beams with minimum ratio (ρv= ρh=0.25%) were firstly loaded to 65% of the ultimate load of control beams, after that the loads were released and then retrofitted by CFRP strip by two different schemes. The experimental results show that the specimens with vertical CFRP strips an increase in ultimate strength load by 32.6% and 20% compared to the control beams.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies of Ketalization of Glycerol and Acetone in the Presence of Basolite F300 as Catalyst
Authors: Sulistyo Hary , Perdana Indra , Pratiwi Fatimah Tresna , Hartati Indah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Acetalyzation of glycerol with acetone has been carried out using Basolite F300 as catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysis reaction model was employed and Langmuir Hinshelwood mechanism was simulated and validated to the experimental data. The experiment was conducted at varying temperature (30 – 55°C) with an initial molar ratio of glycerol to acetone of 1:4, agitation speed of 700 rpm and catalyst loading of 1% (w/w glycerol). The agitation speed of 700 rpm was sufficient to neglect the external mass transfer as the rate controlling step.The results showed that glycerol conversion as high as 83.33 % was obtained from one hour reaction time. The glycerol conversion was simulated and the results were compared with experimental data in a temperature range of 30°C to 55°C. From mathematical model, it was found that the pre-exponential factor of 0.0149 min–1 and activation energy of 15.7085 kJ.mole–1. Comparison of experimental data and calculation results showed that the proposed mathematical model was adequately able to approach the experimental data within the temperature range under investigation. Thermodynamics analysis on the ketalization resulted in ΔS°, ΔH° and ΔG° which values were 0.0834 kJ.mole–1 K–1, -29.7176 kJ.mole–1 and -4.8675 kJ.mole–1, respectively.