bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐validation of stagewise mixed‐model analysis of Swedish variety trials with winter wheat and spring barley
Authors: Buntaran Harimurti , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Schmidt Paul , Rydén Jesper , Halling Magnus , Forkman Johannes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn cultivar testing, linear mixed models have been used routinely to analyze multienvironment trials. A single‐stage analysis is considered as the gold standard, whereas two‐stage analysis produces similar results when a fully efficient weighting method is used, namely when the full variance–covariance matrix of the estimated means from Stage 1 is forwarded to Stage 2. However, in practice, this may be hard to do and a diagonal approximation is often used. We conducted a cross‐validation with data from Swedish cultivar trials on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to assess the performance of single‐stage and two‐stage analyses. The fully efficient method and two diagonal approximation methods were used for weighting in the two‐stage analyses. In Sweden, cultivar recommendation is delineated by zones (regions), not individual locations. We demonstrate the use of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) for cultivar effects per zone, which exploits correlations between zones and thus allows information to be borrowed across zones. Complex variance–covariance structures were applied to allow for heterogeneity of cultivar × zone variance. The single‐stage analysis and the three weighted two‐stage analyses all performed similarly. Loss of information caused by a diagonal approximation of the variance–covariance matrix of adjusted means from Stage 1 was negligible. As expected, BLUP outperformed best linear unbiased estimation. Complex variance–covariance structures were dispensable. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use cross‐validation for comparing single‐stage analyses with stagewise analyses.
DPP4 inhibition: Preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and/or progression of COVID‐19?
Authors: Strollo Rocky , Pozzilli Paolo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also known as cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26), is a serine exopeptidase expressed ubiquitously in several tissues, including but not limited to lung, kidney, liver, gut, and immune cells. The question has been raised on whether DPP4 modulation or inhibition may prevent infection and/or progression of the COVID‐19. A docked complex model of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein and DPP4 has been proposed, showing a large interface between the proteins and proposing close similarity with other coronaviruses using DPP4 as functional receptor. In absence of experimental validation, these data should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, this observation may rise the question on whether DPP4 is directly involved in SARS‐CoV‐2 cell adhesion/virulence, and whether DPP4 inhibition might be a therapeutic strategy for preventing infection. Although a direct involvement of DPP4 in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection needs to be clarified, there is also evidence suggesting that DPP4 inhibitors modulate inflammation and exert anti‐fibrotic activity. These properties may be of potential use for halting progression to the hyperinflammatory state associated with severe COVID‐19. Taken together these findings may suggest a potential role for DPP4 inhibition or modulation in one or more steps of COVID‐19 immunopathogenesis.
Effects of dispersal‐ and niche‐based factors on tree recruitment in tropical wet forest restoration
Authors: Werden Leland K. , Holl Karen D. , Rosales Juan Abel , Sylvester Janelle M. , Zahawi Rakan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBoth dispersal‐ and niche‐based factors can impose major barriers on tree establishment. Our understanding of how these factors interact to determine recruitment rates is based primarily on findings from mature tropical forests, despite the fact that a majority of tropical forests are now secondary. Consequently, factors influencing seed limitation and the seed‐to‐seedling transition (STS) in disturbed landscapes, and how those factors shift during succession, are not well understood. We used a 3.5‐yr record of seed rain and seedling establishment to investigate factors influencing tree recruitment after a decade of recovery in a tropical wet forest restoration experiment in southern Costa Rica. We asked (1) how do a range of restoration treatments (natural regeneration, applied nucleation, plantation), canopy cover, and life‐history traits influence the STS and (2) how do seed and establishment limitation (lack of seed arrival or lack of seedling recruitment, respectively) influence vegetation recovery within restoration treatments as compared to remnant forest? We did not observe any differences in STS rates across restoration treatments. However, STS rates were lowest in adjacent later successional remnant forests, where seed source availability did not highly limit seed arrival, underscoring that niche‐based processes may increasingly limit recruitment as succession unfolds. Additionally, larger‐seeded species had consistently higher STS rates across treatments and remnant forests, though establishment limitation for these species was lowest in the remnant forests. Species were generally seed limited and almost all were establishment limited; these patterns were consistent across treatments. However, our results suggest that differences in recruitment rates could be driven by differential dispersal to treatments with higher canopy cover. We found evidence that barriers to recruitment shift during succession, with the influence of seed limitation, mediated by species‐level seed deposition rates, giving way to niche‐based processes. However, establishment limitation was lowest in the remnant forests for large‐seeded and late successional species, highlighting the importance of habitat specialization and life‐history traits in dictating recruitment dynamics. Overall, results demonstrate that active restoration approaches such as tree planting catalyze forest recovery, not only by decreasing components of seed limitation, but also by developing canopy cover that increases establishment rates of larger‐seeded species.
Validation prediction: a flexible protocol to increase efficiency of automated acoustic processing for wildlife research
Authors: Knight Elly C. , Sòlymos Péter , Scott Chris , Bayne Erin M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutomated recognition is increasingly used to extract species detections from audio recordings; however, the time required to manually review each detection can be prohibitive. We developed a flexible protocol called “validation prediction” that uses machine learning to predict whether recognizer detections are true or false positives and can be applied to any recognizer type, ecological application, or analytical approach. Validation prediction uses a predictable relationship between recognizer score and the energy of an acoustic signal but can also incorporate any other ecological or spectral predictors (e.g., time of day, dominant frequency) that will help separate true from false‐positive recognizer detections. First, we documented the relationship between recognizer score and the energy of an acoustic signal for two different recognizer algorithm types (hidden Markov models and convolutional neural networks). Next, we demonstrated our protocol using a case study of two species, the Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) and Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla). We reduced the number of detections that required validation by 75.7% and 42.9%, respectively, while retaining at least 98% of the true‐positive detections. Validation prediction substantially improves the efficiency of using automated recognition on acoustic data sets. Our method can be of use to wildlife monitoring and research programs and will facilitate using automated recognition to mine bioacoustic data sets.
Landscape impacts of 3D‐seismic surveys in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
Authors: Raynolds Martha K. , Jorgenson Janet C. , Jorgenson M. Torre , Kanevskiy Mikhail , Liljedahl Anna K. , Nolan Matthew , Sturm Matthew , Walker Donald A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough three‐dimensional (3D) seismic surveys have improved the success rate of exploratory drilling for oil and gas, the impacts have received little scientific scrutiny, despite affecting more area than any other oil and gas activity. To aid policy‐makers and scientists, we reviewed studies of the landscape impacts of 3D‐seismic surveys in the Arctic. We analyzed a proposed 3D‐seismic program in northeast Alaska, in the northern Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, which includes a grid 63,000 km of seismic trails and additional camp‐move trails. Current regulations are not adequate to eliminate impacts from these activities. We address issues related to the high‐density of 3D trails compared to 2D methods, with larger crews, more camps, and more vehicles. We focus on consequences to the hilly landscapes, including microtopography, snow, vegetation, hydrology, active layers, and permafrost. Based on studies of 2D‐seismic trails created in 1984–1985 in the same area by similar types of vehicles, under similar regulations, approximately 122 km2 would likely sustain direct medium‐ to high‐level disturbance from the proposed exploration, with possibly expanded impacts through permafrost degradation and hydrological connectivity. Strong winds are common, and snow cover necessary to minimize impacts from vehicles is windblown and inadequate to protect much of the area. Studies of 2D‐seismic impacts have shown that moist vegetation types, which dominate the area, sustain longer‐lasting damage than wet or dry types, and that the heavy vehicles used for mobile camps caused the most damage. The permafrost is ice rich, which combined with the hilly topography, makes it especially susceptible to thermokarst and erosion triggered by winter vehicle traffic. The effects of climate warming will exacerbate the impacts of winter travel due to warmer permafrost and a shift of precipitation from snow to rain. The cumulative impacts of 3D‐seismic traffic in tundra areas need to be better assessed, together with the effects of climate change and the industrial development that would likely follow. Current data needs include studies of the impacts of 3D‐seismic exploration, better climate records for the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, especially for wind and snow; and high‐resolution maps of topography, ground ice, hydrology, and vegetation.
Intrathecal dexmedetomidine and postoperative pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Paramasivan Ambika , Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , Foong Theng W. , Tan Yi W. , Yap Andrea P. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was undertaken to evaluate the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the duration of postoperative analgesia, postoperative pain scores and incidences of adverse effects.Databases and Data TreatmentDatabase search was performed from inception until January 2019. All RCTs analysing acute postoperative pain characteristics after intrathecal DEX administration in adults undergoing spinal anaesthesia for elective surgery were included. The primary outcome was postoperative analgesic duration, defined as the time to first analgesic request. The secondary outcomes included pain scores at 6, 12 and 24 postoperative hours and rates of hypotension, bradycardia, shivering and postoperative nausea and vomiting.ResultsTwenty‐four studies comprising a total of 1,460 patients were included. Postoperative analgesic duration was prolonged with intrathecal DEX compared to placebo, with a pooled mean difference (MD) of 191.3 min (95% CI 168.8–213.8). Patients who received intrathecal DEX reported lower Visual Analogue Scale scores at 24 postoperative hours compared with those patients receiving placebo, with a MD (95% CI) of −1.05 (−1.89 to −0.20, p = 0.02). There were no differences in the incidence of adverse effects, except for a lower rate of postoperative shivering in the intrathecal DEX group (pooled relative risk 0.58, 95% CI 0.34–0.98, p = 0.04).ConclusionsCompared to placebo, intrathecal DEX prolonged postoperative analgesic duration, reduced 24‐hr pain intensity and reduced the incidence of shivering without an increase in other adverse effects.SignificanceThe analgesic role of intrathecal DEX is promising due to its ability to significantly increase postoperative analgesic duration when compared with placebo. Its usage can be considered for patients undergoing surgeries with significant postoperative pain, particularly those intolerant of systemic analgesia. However, the optimal dose for various surgeries as well as its long‐term neurological effects warrants further studies.
Peripheral input and phantom limb pain: A somatosensory event‐related potential study
Authors: Liu Hongcai , Andoh Jamila , Lyu Yuanyuan , Milde Christopher , Desch Simon , Zidda Francesca , Schmelz Martin , Curio Gabriel , Flor Herta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFollowing amputation, nearly all amputees report nonpainful phantom phenomena and many of them suffer from chronic phantom limb pain (PLP) and residual limb pain (RLP). The aetiology of PLP remains elusive and there is an ongoing debate on the role of peripheral and central mechanisms. Few studies have examined the entire somatosensory pathway from the truncated nerves to the cortex in amputees with PLP compared to those without PLP. The relationship among afferent input, somatosensory responses and the change in PLP remains unclear.MethodsTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was applied on the truncated median nerve, the skin of the residual limb and the contralateral homologous nerve in 22 traumatic upper‐limb amputees (12 with and 10 without PLP). Using somatosensory event‐related potentials, the ascending volley was monitored from the brachial plexus, the spinal cord, the brainstem and the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex.ResultsPeripheral input could evoke PLP in amputees with chronic PLP (7/12), but not in amputees without a history of PLP (0/10). The amplitudes of the somatosensory components were comparable between amputees with and without PLP. In addition, evoked potentials from the periphery through the spinal, subcortical and cortical segments were not significantly associated with PLP.ConclusionsPeripheral input can modulate PLP but seems insufficient to cause PLP. These findings suggest the multifactorial complexity of PLP and different mechanisms for PLP and RLP.SignificancePeripheral afferent input plays a role in PLP and has been assumed to be sufficient to generate PLP. In this study we found no significant differences in the electrical potentials generated by peripheral stimulation from the truncated nerve and the skin of the residual limb in amputees with and without PLP. Peripheral input could enhance existing PLP but could not cause it. These findings indicate the multifactorial complexity of PLP and an important role of central processes in PLP.
Zero‐sum beliefs shape advantaged allies’ support for collective action
Authors: Stefaniak Anna , Mallett Robyn K. , Wohl Michael J. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree studies (N1 = 1,019;N2 = 312;N3 = 494) tested whether seeing intergroup relations as inherently antagonistic shaped advantaged social groups’ allyship intentions. More specifically, we tested whether endorsingzero‐sum beliefsrelated to their willingness to support system‐challenging and system‐supporting collective action. Zero‐sum beliefs were negatively correlated with system‐challenging and positively correlated with system‐supporting collective action intentions. Zero‐sum beliefs were more common among advantaged than disadvantaged groups and translated into lower allyship intentions. Advantaged group members with higher levels of zero‐sum beliefs were also more likely to experience anger and fear when considering the demographic racial shift in the United States. Increased fear was associated with greater support for system‐supporting and lower support for system‐challenging collective action. We find consistent evidence that advantaged group members see intergroup relations as a zero‐sum game and that these beliefs are negatively related to their intentions to become allies.
NACE–ESI‐MS/MS method for separation and characterization of phosphorylation and acylation isomers of lipid A
Authors: Sándor Viktor , Berkics Balázs Viktor , Kilár Anikó , Kocsis Béla , Kilár Ferenc , Dörnyei Ágnes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLipid A represents a heterogeneous group of bacterial outer membrane phosphoglycolipids, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of Gram‐negative sepsis. The number and position of phosphoryl and acyl groups in lipid A molecules are key structural determinants in their bioactivities. In this study, a NACE–ESI‐MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of lipid A isomers possessing a different degree of phosphorylation and acylation. Various C4’‐ and C1‐monophosphorylated lipid A isobars, as well as acylation isomers, were baseline separated within 43 min in a separation medium of methanol/dichloromethane/triethylamine/acetic acid 60:40:1.08:0.36 (v/v/v/v). Both normal and reverse CE polarities could be applied for proper detection of the analytes owing to the combination of a suction effect caused by the nebulizer gas at the outlet end of the capillary and external pressure applied on the inlet vial. The separated lipid A species could be identified unequivocally by their characteristic fragmentation patterns through CID performed in both negative‐ and positive‐ionization modes. The uniqueness of the NACE–ESI‐MS/MS method lies in its simplicity and reliability for proving the phosphorylation isomerism (C1 or C4’) and acylation pattern of native lipid A species or those designed for therapeutic applications.
Rapid and highly sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food with loop‐mediated isothermal amplification coupled to a new bioluminescent assay
Authors: Fei Zhongjie , Zhou Dongrui , Dai Wei , Xiao Pengfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTesting for bioluminescent pyrophosphate is a convenient method of DNA detection without complex equipments, but it is insufficiently sensitive and offers no particular time advantage over other rapid detection methods. The shortcomings of the traditional bioluminescent pyrophosphate method have been addressed by using 2‐deoxyadenosine‐5‐(α‐thio)‐triphosphate (dATPαS) instead of dATP for LAMP, thus reducing the high background signal and generating a constant background value. In this study, LAMP coupled to a novel bioluminescent pyrophosphate assay was developed to detect E. coli O157:H7. The new method has a limit of detection of <10 copies/μL or 5 CFU/mL; its sensitivity is higher than that of the conventional LAMP assay. Moreover, a food‐borne pathogen can be detected when a single DNA template is included in the LAMP assay, making it 100 times more sensitive than the traditional LAMP method. Three hundred food samples were tested with this assay and the accuracy of detection was verified with a culture method and MALDI Biotyper. The assay only took 90–120 min and detected <10 copies of the pathogen. This method had the advantages of rapidity, sensitivity, and simplicity, so it is very competitive for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of food‐borne pathogens.
How fast does tufa grow? Very high‐resolution measurement of the tufa growth rate on artificial substrates by the development of a contactless image‐based modelling device
Authors: Marić Ivan , Šiljeg Ante , Cukrov Neven , Roland Vlatko , Domazetović Fran 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAccurate determination of the tufa growth rate (TGR) is required to answer the fundamental geomorphological question of tufa evolution. The TGR has been measured by various direct and indirect methods. One of the most popular direct methods uses modified micro‐erosion meter (MEM), which has several drawbacks.Here, we present for the first time a coordinate measuring macro‐photogrammetry device (CMD) for monitoring the TGR in a contactless manner. The CMD was applied on 28 limestone plates at 14 locations within the Skradinski buk area, Croatia, and measurements were performed in the laboratory. The TGR was derived from digital tufa high‐resolution models (DTHRMs). The accuracy of the device was evaluated using state‐of‐the‐art three‐dimensional (3D) scanners and error calculation at checkpoints. Moreover, the precision was evaluated with the split test (n = 5).A total of 74 DTHRMs with a spatial resolution of 0.0236 mm were created. The TGR ranged from 0.327 to 19.302 mm a−1, with an average of 5.771 mm a−1. A higher TGR was observed on the limestone plates near mosses, located in fast and turbulent water rather than in stagnant water. We found that specific micro‐environmental factors (e.g. proximity to moss) positively affected tufa growth. Erosion events were observed, as well as the presence of aquatic insect larvae (Simuliidae and Chironomidae), which positively affected tufa growth.The CMD is a precise and accurate device that does not suffer from the drawbacks of the MEM method and has many other advantages. It has a high capability of tufa erosion detection, enables the identification of macroinvertebrates, and multispectral or hyperspectral cameras can be mounted on the device for spectral reflectance analysis of the tufa surface.The CMD can be applied in any study requiring a sub‐millimetre data quality and involving the comparison of consecutive 3D models and derivation of various parameters of smaller objects. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Agrochemical Exposure on Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae Survival and Activity
Authors: Jones Devin K. , Davila David D. , Nguyen Karena H. , Rohr Jason R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Singular use of activity assays or staining dyes to assess pathogen agrochemical tolerance can underestimate tolerance if pesticides cause sublethal effects. We exposed Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, the aquatic life stage of this trematode that infects humans, to 4 insecticides at 5 concentrations using a 24-h time-to-death assay. We used Trypan blue dye, which stains dead tissue, and activity assays simultaneously to discriminate dead from live but paralyzed individuals. Whereas cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and dimethoate exposure did not affect cercariae at any ecologically relevant concentrations, methamidophos exposure increased survival of cercariae compared with those in the controls. This was because methamidophos-induced paralysis reduced cercarial activity and thus energy expenditures, extending the lifespan of this short-lived parasite that causes human schistosomiasis. These findings highlight that sublethal effects should be considered when pesticide effects on disease are under investigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1421–1428. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Historically, investigation of agrochemical effects on pathogens has long used activity assays or staining dyes; singular use of either method can misestimate pesticide tolerance if sublethal effects occur as a result of pesticide exposure. We found an organophosphate insecticide to induce paralysis of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, increasing survival over a 24-h period, and that cercariae were extremely tolerant to nominal pesticide concentrations that exceeded estimated environmental concentrations. We suggest future investigations examining pesticide effects on disease use dye and activity assays in tandem.