bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does cover crop grazing damage soils and reduce crop yields?
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Drewnoski Mary E. , MacDonald Jim C. , Redfearn Daren D. , Parsons Jay , Lesoing Gary W. , Williams Tyler 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCover crop (CC) grazing can be a potential strategy to support livestock and crop production while enhancing soil ecosystem services, but research on this potential multi‐functionality of CCs is limited. We assessed 3‐yr cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) CC grazing impacts on soil compaction, structure, water infiltration, fertility, and crop yields on an on‐farm irrigated strip‐till continuous corn (Zea mays L.) silage experiment on a sandy loam with <1% slope in west‐central Nebraska. Treatments were: (a) non‐grazed CC, (b) grazed CC, and (c) no CC. Across the 3 yr, cattle grazed CCs at 5.9 AUM ha−1 with grazing occurring over a 4‐mo period during winter and/or spring, depending on the year. We measured soil properties within 5 d after grazing ended in spring before tilling and planting corn. Cattle grazing resulted in a 92% decrease of CC biomass, compared with non‐grazed CCs. Grazing did not affect soil penetration resistance (compaction parameter), bulk density, aggregate stability, pH, and concentration of organic matter and nutrients except in the 2nd yr where it reduced cumulative infiltration by 80% and increased penetration resistance from 1.23 to 1.72 MPa but such increase was below root growth thresholds (<2 MPa). Cover crop grazing had no negative effect on corn silage yields although data were variable. Overall, CC grazing for 3 yr had small and variable effects on soils and crop yields, indicating that it can be a management option to support livestock production but more long‐term data from different tillage and cropping systems, and climates are needed to further understand CC grazing implications.
Atypical presentations of COVID‐19 in care home residents presenting to secondary care: A UK single centre study
Authors: Rawle Mark James , Bertfield Deborah Lee , Brill Simon Edward 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtypical presentations of COVID‐19 pose difficulties for early isolation and treatment, particularly in institutional care settings. We aimed to characterize the presenting symptoms and associated mortality of COVID‐19 in older adults, focusing on care home residents admitted to secondary care.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 134 consecutive inpatients over 80 years old hospitalized with PCR confirmed COVID‐19 in the United Kingdom. Symptoms at presentation and frailty were analysed. Differences between community dwelling and care home residents, and associations with mortality, were assessed using between‐group comparisons and logistic regression.ResultsCare home residents were less likely to experience cough (46.9% vs 72.9%, P = .002) but more likely to present with delirium (51.6% vs 31.4%, P = .018), particularly hypoactive delirium (40.6% vs 24.3%, P = .043). Mortality was more likely with increasing frailty (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00, 1.58, P = .049) and those presenting with anorexia (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.21, 10.09, P = .028). There were no differences in mortality or length of stay based on residential status.ConclusionCOVID‐19 in older adults often presents with atypical symptoms, particularly in those admitted from institutional care. These individuals have a reduced incidence of cough and increased hypoactive delirium. Individuals presenting atypically, especially with anorexia, have higher mortality.
Anyon Quantum Transport and Noise Away from Equilibrium
Authors: Mintchev Mihail , Sorba Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe quantum transport of anyons in one space dimension is investigated. After establishing some universal features of non‐equilibrium systems in contact with two heat reservoirs in a generalized Gibbs state, the abelian anyon solution of the Tomonaga–Luttinger model possessing axial‐vector duality is focused upon. In this context a non‐equilibrium representation of the physical observables is constructed, which is the basic tool for a systematic study of the anyon particle and heat transport. The associated Lorenz number is determined and the deviation from the standard Wiedemann–Franz law induced by the interaction and the anyon statistics is explicitly described. The quantum fluctuations generated by the electric and helical currents are investigated and the dependence of the relative noise power on the statistical parameter is established.
Design, preparation, and characterization of new high‐refractive index hybrid organic–inorganic polysiloxanes: Innovative coatings for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Legrand Sacha , Hannu‐Kuure Milja , Kärkkäinen Ari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current demand for high‐refractive index materials is very high due to their importance in optoelectronic applications. Such materials already exist in the market, but they present many disadvantages. They might contain toxic metals; their preparation can be challenging or produce high quantity of waste. Consequently, there is an urgent need to produce new friendly coatings with high‐refractive index. Hybrid organic–inorganic polysiloxanes can offer a solution to this problem. They can be easily prepared from nontoxic alkoxy silanes using the sol–gel chemistry process. Herein, a series of new hybrid polysiloxanes are synthesized from the monomer 1–(2–(triethoxysilyl)ethyl)triphenylsilane and other silanes. The preparation of the macromolecules is optimized at both stages of the sol–gel process. The polymers are characterized by gel permeation chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. Spin coating of the materials on silicon wafers, followed by film thickness and refractive index measurements, indicates that the new polysiloxanes can have refractive indexes as high as 1.6 with thicknesses varying from 2200 to 3700 nm. Consequently, it is expected that the new materials described in this report are valuable for optoelectronic applications such as high‐dielectric constant (high‐k) gate oxides, interlayer high‐kdielectrics, or high‐refractive index abrasion resistant coatings.
Graphene–polyamide‐6 composite for additive manufacture of multifunctional electromagnetic interference shielding components
Authors: Lee Kok Peng Marcian , Baum Thomas , Shanks Robert , Daver Fugen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGraphene–polyamide‐6 composite (GC) filament with 9%·v/v graphene concentration was applied as feedstock in filament‐based material extrusion (ME) additive manufacturing. The materials are characterized by melt flow index (MFI), mechanical properties, dielectric properties, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) in the X‐band frequency range. Despite high graphene concentration, MFI is unaffected. In ME test specimens; GC has both superior elastic modulus and tensile strength at yield when compared with the neat polymer. Enhanced mechanical properties at high graphene concentration without diminished processability highlight the suitability of polyamide‐6 (PA6) as matrix material for graphene composite filaments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging indicates graphene alignment in GC after printing. In both compression molded (CM) and ME test specimens, dielectric properties and EMI SE of PA6 are enhanced by graphene inclusion. Further analysis reveals that ME has a negative influence on absorption of electromagnetic waves, while reflection is virtually unaffected.
Functionalized chitosan with butylammonium ionic liquids for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution
Authors: Eliodório Kevy Pontes , Pereira Gilberto José , de Araújo Morandim‐Giannetti Andreia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental pollution by heavy metals is currently a problem of great concern for human health. In this context, this study aims to contribute with the synthesis and characterization of chitosan functionalized with three different ionic liquids (n‐butylammonium acetate,sec‐butylammonium acetate, andtert‐butylammonium acetate) followed by its application in hexavalent chromium effluent treatment. The adsorbents synthesized (ChN, ChS, and ChT) were characterized by SEM, EDS, FTIR, BET, RDD, PSD, and XRD techniques. Afterward, the influences of temperature, contact time, and pH on the Cr(VI) adsorption process were evaluated. The solution with pH 3 displayed the highest adsorption capacities (107.31, 104.60, and 107.97  mg.g‐1for ChN, ChS, and ChT, respectively). The kinetic data were better adjusted to the Weber‐Morris kinetic model with an ideal time of 2 h. Furthermore, the influence of temperature was evaluated using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, with maximum capacities of 142.05 (ChN), 131.58 (ChS), and 146.63 mg.g‐1(ChT). The adsorbent displayed enhanced adsorption properties in comparison with raw chitosan by an intensification of the electrostatic interaction between amino groups and hexavalent chromium. Finally, the reusability was investigated, and significant results were observed (84.33 ± 4.87%) in the adsorption process after 4 cycles.
Preparation and mechanism study of intrinsic hard segment flame‐retardant polyurethane foam
Authors: Luo Yinfu , Miao Zongnan , Sun Tong , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei , Zhou Shengtai , Chen Yang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe hard segment of polyurethane foam (PUF) plays a special role in degradation and carbonization. In this work, flame‐retardant hard segment (HSFR) used to promote fire resistance was synthesized successfully. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion, and micro‐combustion calorimetry tests indicated the flame retardancy of the foam was elevated by introducing HSFR. When HSFR with an addition of 60 phr, the LOI value was increased from 17.0 to 25.5%, UL‐94 reached V‐0 rating, the peak heat release rate (p‐HRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 63.9% and 10.0%, respectively. In addition, the compressive strength of HSFR‐60 increased by five times. Further, the flame‐retardant mechanism of HSFR was proposed. In vapor phase, HSFR could generate PO and PO2, which combine with flammable free radical and hinder segment decomposition. In condensed phase, HSFR could promote the dehydration and carbonization of chain and the formation of dense and graphitized char. This article provides a practical method for the preparation of green, highly effective, and durable flame‐retardant PUF.
Studies of thermal, mechanical properties, and kinetic cure reaction of carboxyl‐terminated polybutadiene acrylonitrile liquid rubber with diepoxy octane
Authors: Ebrahimabadi Yahya , Mehrshad Mohammad , Mokhtary Masoud , Abdollahi Mahdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpoxy resins, despite their unique properties, have limitations in many applications due to their low fracture toughness. One of the most effective methods to overcome this limitation is to use toughening agents, such as carboxyl terminated poly butadiene‐acrylonitrile (CTBN) in the epoxy matrix. CTBN can react with various compounds, such as epoxies. In this study, we investigated the severity of CTBN sedimentation with di epoxy octane (DEO) in the presence basis catalysts. The studied of the physical properties of the synthesized copolymer in the presence of pyridine compared to other catalysts increases mechanical properties (248.43% elongation, 0.63 MPa strength, and 32 hardness with Shore A) and decreases the glass transition temperature (−45.1) of the copolymer. Investigated the cure kinetics of the CTBN‐DEO reaction was in the presence of pyridine using a nonisothermal technique of differential scanning calorimetry, and the curing kinetic parameters, such as activation energy (Ea), pre‐exponential factor (A), and rate constant (k), were calculated by different kinetic methods. The obtained curing kinetic values with different kinetic methods are well‐matched, the Ea values are in the range of 91.3–97.1 kJ.mol−1 and the A values are in the range of 0.48 × 1011–1.51 × 1011 S−1.
Familial Clustering of Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis in a Large Statewide Cohort
Authors: Kazmers Nikolas H. , Meeks Huong D. , Novak Kendra A. , Yu Zhe , Fulde Gail L. , Thomas Joy L. , Barker Tyler , Jurynec Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveErosive hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a severe and rapidly progressing subset of hand OA. Its etiology remains largely unknown, which has hindered development of successful treatments. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that erosive hand OA demonstrates familial clustering in a large statewide population linked to genealogical records, and to determine the association of potential risk factors with erosive hand OA.MethodsPatients diagnosed as having erosive hand OA were identified by searching 4,741,840 unique medical records from a comprehensive statewide database, the Utah Population Database (UPDB). Affected individuals were mapped to pedigrees to identify high‐risk families with excess clustering of erosive hand OA as defined by a familial standardized incidence ratio (FSIR) of ≥2.0. The magnitude of familial risk of erosive hand OA in related individuals was calculated using Cox regression models. Association of potential erosive hand OA risk factors was analyzed using multivariate conditional logistic regression and logistic regression models.ResultsWe identified 703 affected individuals linked to 240 unrelated high‐risk pedigrees with excess clustering of erosive hand OA (FSIR ≥2.0, P < 0.05). The relative risk of developing erosive hand OA was significantly elevated in first‐degree relatives (P < 0.001). There were significant associations between a diagnosis of erosive hand OA and age, sex, diabetes, and obesity (all P < 0.05).ConclusionFamilial clustering of erosive hand OA observed in a statewide database indicates a potential genetic contribution to the etiology of the disease. Age, sex, diabetes, and obesity are risk factors for erosive hand OA. Identification of causal gene variants in these high‐risk families may provide insight into the genes and pathways that contribute to erosive hand OA onset and progression.
Pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Polić Aleksandra , Običan Sarah G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic illness that often affects women of reproductive age. The objectives of this article are to review the impact of SLE on pregnancy and current management strategies, including commonly used therapies.MethodsWe conducted a review of available literature on the clinical course of SLE, diagnosis, management and pregnancy complications.ResultsSLE has a variable clinical course characterized by flares and periods of remission and can present unique challenges in the management of obstetric patients. Pregnancy in patients with SLE is associated with multiple risks, including fetal loss, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and hypertensive disease. With advancements in disease treatment, many women have favorable pregnancy outcomes, but appropriate preconception counseling and disease management remain important tools in reducing complications.ConclusionGiven the implications SLE can have on women of reproductive age and in pregnancy, understanding the disease course and management is important in order to optimize pregnancy outcomes.
Role of epigenetics and miRNAs in orofacial clefts
Authors: Garland Michael A. , Sun Bo , Zhang Shuwen , Reynolds Kurt , Ji Yu , Zhou Chengji J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrofacial clefts (OFCs) have multiple etiologies and likely result from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Within the last decade, studies have implicated specific epigenetic modifications and noncoding RNAs as additional facets of OFC etiology. Altered gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modification offer novel insights into how specific genes contribute to distinct OFC subtypes. Epigenetics research has also provided further evidence that cleft lip only (CLO) is a cleft subtype with distinct etiology. Polymorphisms or misexpression of genes encoding microRNAs, as well as their targets, contribute to OFC risk. The ability to experimentally manipulate epigenetic changes and noncoding RNAs in animal models, such as zebrafish, Xenopus, mice, and rats, has offered novel insights into the mechanisms of various OFC subtypes. Although much remains to be understood, recent advancements in our understanding of OFC etiology may advise future strategies of research and preventive care.
Physical activity may be an adjuvant treatment option for substance use disorders during pregnancy: A scoping review
Authors: Nagpal Taniya S. , Bhattacharjee Jayonta , da Silva Danilo F. , Souza Sara C. S. , Mohammad Shuhiba , Puranda Jessica L. , Abu‐Dieh Anas , Cook Jocelynn , Adamo Kristi B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubstance abuse in pregnancy increases the chance of physical and neurobehavioral disabilities as well as many other undesirable fetal outcomes. In nonpregnant populations, physical exercise has shown to be an effective adjunctive therapy option for substance use disorders. Given the known positive maternal and fetal physiological and mental health benefits associated with prenatal exercise, perhaps exercise during pregnancy may also be a viable adjuvant therapy option for women with substance use disorders. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the available literature that has assessed the relationship between prenatal exercise and substance use disorders.MethodsA search strategy was developed combining the terms pregnancy, exercise/physical activity, and substance use. A systematic search was completed in the following databases: Medline/PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest. Substances eligible for inclusion included illicit drugs, alcohol, and cannabis. Retrieved data were categorized as animal or human model studies, and were summarized narratively.ResultsEight studies were included in this review (five human studies, three animal model studies). Studies in humans suggest that pregnant women with substance use disorders are interested in engaging in physical activity interventions; however, known acute metabolic and physiological responses to prenatal exercise may be impaired in this population. Rodent models show preliminary evidence for improved mental health outcomes following prenatal exercise for substance use disorders.ConclusionThe findings from this review may inform the development of future clinical trials to test the effect of structured exercise programs as an adjunctive treatment option for pregnant women with substance use disorders.
Metabolic Reprogramming is a Hallmark of Metabolism Itself
Authors: Medina Miguel Ángel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reprogramming of metabolism has been identified as one of the hallmarks of cancer. It is becoming more and more frequent to connect other diseases with metabolic reprogramming. This article aims to argue that metabolic reprogramming is not driven by disease but instead is the main hallmark of metabolism, based on its dynamic behavior that allows it to continuously adapt to changes in the internal and external conditions.
Nerolidol protects the liver against cyclophosphamide‐induced hepatic inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis via modulation of Nrf2, NF‐κB p65, and caspase‐3 signaling molecules in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Iqubal Ashif , Syed Mansoor Ali , Ali Javed , Najmi Abul Kalam , Haque Mohammad Mahfuzul , Haque Syed Ehtaishamul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCyclophosphamide (CP)‐induced hepatotoxic manifestations are major concern for patients undergoing chemotherapy, which often limit its therapeutic utility. Nerolidol (NER) is a natural bioactive molecule having potent gonadoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties but has not been explored for its hepatoprotective effect and underlying mechanism. Therefore, in the current study hepatoprotective potential of nerolidol was studied in CP‐induced hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis via modulation of Nrf2, NF‐κB p65, caspase‐3, TGF‐β1, and associated biochemical status in Swiss albino mice. NER (200, 400 mg/kg, p.o) and fenofibrate (FF) 80 mg/kg, p.o. were administered from first to fourteenth day and CP was administered at the dose of 200 mg/kg, i.p on seventh day. On fifteenth day, animals were sacrificed and estimation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, histopathology (H E and MT staining), and immunohistochemistry was performed in the liver tissue. Administration of NER effectively normalized the elevated level of hepatic injury markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), marker of oxidative stress that is, malondialdehyde, inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and IL‐10), NF‐κB p65, apoptotic marker (cleaved caspase 3) and increased the level of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, CAT, and glutathione). Treatment with NER further reduced the structural damage of hepatocytes and markers of hepatic fibrosis such as TGF‐β1, hyaluronic acid, 4‐hydroxyproline and collagen‐rich stained area, estimated by MT staining. Findings of the current study showed that nerolidol exhibited potent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, and anti‐fibrotic potential and thus acted as hepatoprotective agent. Present study represents novel mechanism of nerolidol against CP‐induced hepatotoxicity. However, further studies are needed to use nerolidol as an adjuvant in chemotherapeutically treated patients.
Enhanced filtration performance usingfeed‐and‐bleedconfiguration for purification of antibody precipitates
Authors: Li Zhao , Chen Ting‐Hsi , Andini Erha , Coffman Jonathan L , Przybycien Todd , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrecipitation can be used for the initial purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), with the soluble host cell proteins removed in the permeate by tangential flow microfiltration. The objective of this study was to examine the use of a feed‐and‐bleed configuration to increase the effective conversion (ratio of permeate to feed flow rates) in the hollow fiber module to enable more effective washing of the precipitate. Experiments were performed using human serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) precipitates formed with 10 mM zinc chloride and 7 wt% polyethylene glycol. The critical flux was evaluated as a function of the shear rate and IgG concentration, with the resulting correlation used to predict conditions that can achieve 90% conversion in a single pass with minimal fouling. Experimental data for both the start‐up and steady‐state performance are in good agreement with model calculations. These results were used to analyze the performance of an enhanced continuous precipitation–microfiltration process using the feed‐and‐bleed configuration for the initial capture / purification of a mAb product.
Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen
Authors: Langenbach Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie VDI‐Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen (VDI‐GVC) hat den diesjährigen Arnold‐Eucken‐Preis vergeben. Die mit 5.000 ϵ dotierte Auszeichnung erhielt Prof. Dr. Kai Langenbach für seine Arbeiten zu Phänomenen an Phasengrenzen.
Genauso sicher wie konventionell gefertigt
Authors: Kuhn Gunther , Keller Jörg , Seemann Andrea , Braun Stephan ,   TüV SüD Industrie Service GmbH + KSB SE & Co. KGaA, Frankenthal
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdditive Fertigungsverfahren sind für die chemische Industrie doppelt interessant: Einerseits werden immer mehr Grundstoffe dafür benötigt, andererseits werden additiv gefertigte Bauteile in den Anlagen eingesetzt. Die Hersteller solcher Komponenten stehen allerdings vor Herausforderungen: Sie müssen nachweisen, dass diese genauso sicher sind wie bei der konventionellen Fertigung. TüV SüD hat dafür eine Zertifizierung auf Basis der Druckgeräterichtlinie entwickelt.