bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Longitudinal Relation of Childhood Height to Subsequent Obesity in a Large Electronic Health Record Database
Authors: Freedman David S. , Goodman Alyson B. , King Raymond J. , Daymont Carrie 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveSeveral cross‐sectional studies have shown that height in childhood is correlated with BMI and with body fatness, and two longitudinal studies have reported that childhood height is associated with adult BMI. This study explored this longitudinal association in an electronic health record database of 2.8 million children.MethodsChildren were initially examined between the ages of 2 and 13.9 years and, on average, were reexamined 4 years later.ResultsAs expected, there was a cross‐sectional correlation between height‐for‐age z score and BMI that increased from r = −0.06 (age of 2 years) to r = 0.37 (age of 9‐10 years). In addition, height‐for‐age at the first visit was related to subsequent BMI and obesity, with the prevalence of subsequent obesity increasing about fourfold over six categories of height‐for‐age at the first visit. About 40% of this longitudinal association was independent of initial BMI, but its magnitude decreased with initial age. For example, the initial height‐for‐age of children who were 12 years of age or older was only weakly associated with subsequent BMI.ConclusionsHealth professionals should recognize that greater childhood height‐for‐age before 12 years of age may be a marker for increased risk of subsequent obesity.
Premixed cellulose nanocrystal reinforcement of polyamide 6 for melt processing
Authors: Venkatraman Priya , Trotto Emily , Burgoyne Isabella , Foster E. Johan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work presents a method of industrially viable processing of nanocellulose‐reinforced polyamide 6 (PA 6). Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)‐reinforced PA 6 is gaining attention as a promising material for use in the automotive industry due to its highly crystalline, low density, and environmentally friendly nature. However, the low‐thermal degradation temperature of CNCs presents problems when melt processing at high temperatures, making it difficult to produce the nanocomposite on a large scale. This article presents a methodology of master batching (MB) using planetary ball milling to embed the CNCs in PA 6. The process of MB CNCs with PA 6 to thermally buffer them was compared to direct milling and hand mixing, prior to melt processing with compression molding. The milled composites had final CNC compositions of either 5 or 10 wt%. Through thermal analysis, it was seen that although both milling methods thermally buffered the CNCs, the presence of the low‐molecular weight PA 6 in the MB samples resulted in higher thermal stability. In addition to this, the mechanical analysis showed that the MB samples with 5 wt% CNCs had optimum Young's moduli, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation % at break. Overall, the use of milling for MB to coat the CNCs in polymer is a promising alternative to traditional processes and has potential as a method of industrially manufacturing cellulose reinforced polymer composites.
Functional biodegradable protein‐based matrices as a potential candidate for micronutrients and water supply
Authors: Jiménez‐Rosado Mercedes , Martín Adrián , Alonso‐González María , Guerrero Antonio , Romero Alberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe excessive use of fertilizers in horticulture applications generates subsoil and groundwater contamination due to their high solubility. A possible solution to this problem is the incorporation of nutrients in biodegradable matrices, allowing nutrients to be released in a controlled manner depending on the needs of the crops. The principal objective of this work was the evaluation of the incorporation of different salts into soy protein‐based matrices to develop devices that could release micronutrients in a controlled manner. Thus, the processability of matrices with different incorporated salts such as zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O), zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO4·H2O), zinc carbonate (ZnCO3), and zinc perchlorate (Zn(ClO3)2), as well as their integrity and functionality have been evaluated. Results show the great potential of soy protein‐based matrices for the incorporation of micronutrients such as zinc. However, salt incorporation has a detrimental effect on the water uptake capacity of the matrices.
Sustainable Cu2ZnSnSe4 photovoltaic cells fabricated with a sputtered CdS buffer layer
Authors: Lai Fang‐I , Yang Jui‐Fu , Hsu Yu‐Chao , Kuo Shou‐Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the Cu concentration on the characteristics of the Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) absorber layers and solar cells was systematically analyzed by postselenization of the evaporated precursor deposits. The results demonstrated that an increase in the copper concentration of the precursor linearly increased the Cu content in the final CZTSe thin‐film formation. This significantly increased the particle size and improved the re‐evaporation loss of the SnSe, thus improving the solar cell characteristics. However, a further increase in the Cu concentration reduced the quality of the absorber layer and formed either CuxSe or CTSe secondary phases, which was detrimental to the solar cell characteristics. Here, we introduce a sputtered CdS buffer layer for the CZTSe solar cells. These findings offer new research directions for solving the persistent challenges in the chemical bath deposition (CBD) of the CdS in the CZTSe solar cells.
Direct cold atmospheric plasma and plasma‐activated medium effects on breast and cervix cancer cells
Authors: Jezeh Mahya Aminrayai , Tayebi Tahereh , Khani Mohammad Reza , Niknejad Hassan , Shokri Babak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effects of cold plasma and plasma‐activated medium (PAM) are investigated through different treatment times, different intervals between treatment and analysis, and synthesis of helium gas and helium + 0.5% oxygen. The viability of two cancer cell lines including Hela and MDA‐MB‐231, which are related to cervix and breast cancers, respectively, is investigated using the 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. To study the effect of plasma on normal cells, the corresponding method is used for examination of the normal human fibroblasts. H2O2 showed a higher concentration after direct‐plasma treatment than PAM treatment. Caspase 3, caspase 8, and Bax proteins and the relative Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio are compared in both the direct‐plasma and PAM methods. The results show that the expression level of apoptotic proteins caspase 3 and caspase 8 in direct‐plasma treatment is higher than that in PAM treatment, and the level of relative Bcl‐2/Bax ratio is increased, demonstrating the induction of the apoptosis mechanism.
Loss of trifluralin metabolic resistance in Lolium rigidum plants exposed to prosulfocarb recurrent selection
Authors: Busi Roberto , Goggin Danica E , Onofri Andrea , Boutsalis Peter , Preston Christopher , Powles Stephen B , Beckie Hugh J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance to the dinitroaniline herbicide trifluralin in Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) often is mediated by the enhanced capacity to metabolize the herbicide to less toxic polar conjugates and/or by functionally recessive target‐site mutations in α‐tubulin.RESULTSIn two L. rigidum populations possessing enhanced trifluralin metabolism, resistance was largely reversed by recurrent selection with the thiocarbamate herbicide prosulfocarb (i.e. plant survival was two‐ to >20‐fold lower). Their ability to metabolize trifluralin was significantly decreased (by ≈2.3‐fold) following recurrent prosulfocarb selection, to levels comparable to those observed in susceptible plants or when trifluralin metabolism was inhibited by treatment with the insecticide phorate.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides evidence that trait(s) enabling efficient trifluralin metabolism in L. rigidum are purged from the population under prosulfocarb recurrent selection. The level of trifluralin metabolism in vitro and its inhibition caused by phorate action on trifluralin‐metabolizing enzyme(s) is equivalent to the effect produced by prosulfocarb selection. The hypothetical link between the two phenomena is that the putative monooxygenase(s) conferring trifluralin metabolic resistance also mediate the activation of prosulfocarb to its toxic sulfoxide. Thus, we speculate that survival to prosulfocarb via a lack of metabolic herbicide activation, and survival to trifluralin conferred by enhanced herbicide metabolism, are mutually exclusive. These findings not only open up a new research direction in terms of the interaction between different herbicide resistance mechanisms in L. rigidum, but also offer strategies for immediate management of the population dynamics of metabolism‐based resistance in the field. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Localized circumferential narrowed bronchial wall lesions in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Murakami Yurina , Kitahara Yoshihiro , Uto Tomohiro , Sato Jun , Imokawa Shiro , Suda Takafumi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a 67‐year‐old man with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), whose chest computed tomography (CT) scans showed localized circumferential bronchial wall thickening in the right main bronchus to middle truncus. Chest CT scans showed high‐attenuation mucus in the right B8 bronchus. Bronchoscopy showed narrowing of the right main bronchus and inspissated mucus plugging in the right B8 bronchus. Histological examination of the right main bronchus revealed bronchial inflammation with numerous neutrophils and plasma cells. Treatment with corticosteroid and antifungal agents resulted in resolution of the symptoms and right bronchial lesions. The clinical course may indicate that the bronchial lesions were associated with ABPA.
Maximum likelihood‐based gradient estimation for multivariable nonlinear systems using the multiinnovation identification theory
Authors: Xia Huafeng , Ji Yan , Xu Ling , Alsaedi Ahmed , Hayat Tasawar 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article considers the identification problems of multivariable input nonlinear systems with unmeasured disturbances. For the identification difficulty caused by the crossproducts between the parameters of the linear block and the nonlinear block, the key term separation technique is adopted to separate the parameters of the nonlinear block from the parameters of the linear block. By combining the model decomposition technique and the hierarchical identification principle, a key term separation‐based maximum likelihood recursive extended stochastic gradient algorithm with reduced computational complexity is presented to estimate all the parameters directly. By introducing the multiinnovation identification theory, a key term separation‐based maximum likelihood multiinnovation extended stochastic gradient algorithm is proposed to improve the parameter estimation accuracy. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Cover Image
Authors: Xiao Guannan , Liu Fei 
Published: July 2020

The cover image is based on the Research Article Observer‐Based Cooperative Distributed Fault‐tolerant Model Predictive Control with Imperfect Network Communication and Asynchronous Measurements by Guannan Xiao and Fei Liu, https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4994.
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Innovative approaches in river management and restoration
Authors: Piégay Hervé , Cottet Marylise , Lamouroux Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow research interacts with applications in river management and restoration is a critical question within the Anthropocene era. Improved knowledge regarding the socioecological effects of river management and restoration is therefore needed to establish compromises between water uses and riverine ecosystem requirements. This special issue tackles how river management and restoration activities have recently evolved to target cost‐efficient and more integrated measures. Some of the contributions showed monitoring feedbacks provide lessons to improve river status and assess success of restoration activities. The range of success indicators considered is continually widening, including more social factors in addition to existing ecological ones. Moreover, win‐win and adaptative strategies are also explored to make restoration projects successful and more appreciated by people. Upscaling approaches are also feeding into a growing research field to provide more robust diagnosis for evaluating river status, targeting improvement actions and considering integrative ecological issues in addition to chemical and morphological factors and even fluvial risk assessment.
Predicting Transition‐Metal/Benzenehexathiol Systems as Effective Cathodes of Li‐S batteries with Conjugate Conductivity and Synergetic Discharge
Authors: Cui Mengnan , Zhao Xiaolin , Wang Tiantian , Qiu Wujie , Song Erhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThough lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries possess extremely high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg−1), its practical application is significantly hindered due to the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and poor electronic conductivity of cycling products. For this case, developing new type of cathodes with high electronic conductivity and appropriate adsorption energy is an important strategy to improve the Li−S battery performance. Herein, by using first‐principle calculations, we systematically investigate the two‐dimensional transition metal organic framework compounds TM‐BHT (TM=transition metal, BHT=benzenehexathiol) as the possible cathode candidates for Li−S batteries. Among the various TM‐BHT system, Co/Ni/Cu‐BHT are considered to be potential cathode materials for the excellent electronic conductivity, moderate adsorption energy and structural stability. In addition, it is found that the Co/Ni/Cu‐BHT can not only catalyze the decomposition reactions of S8/Li2Sn, but also synergistically discharge with sulfur materials. This work demonstrates an effective design pathway and provides solutions for developing high‐performance Li−S batteries.
Effect of Fine‐Grained AZ91D Coating with Graphene Oxide/Hydroxyapatite on Biocompatibility
Authors: Hongrui Ji , Xuewen Li , Yongbin Song , Wenbin Fang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite(GO/HA) composite coating were prepared on the surface of fine‐grained AZ91D magnesium alloy. The morphologies and structures of the coatings were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X‐Ray Diffraction. The corrosion behaviors were studied by polarization curve measurement and alternating current impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Also, the changes of the Mg2+ concentration in rat plasma were detected. Besides, changes of muscle, liver, and kidney in rats and bone in rabbit were tested to prove whether it was toxic to the body after implantation. Results showed that GO/HA‐AZ91D had good corrosion resistance. Compared to AZ91D, the corrosion potential, the membrane capacitance and the transfer resistance increased, the current decreased, and the corrosion performance was greatly improved. There was no significant difference of magnesium concentration among different groups. The structural characterization showed that the surface compactness of the composite coating was better, and the composite coating could effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy.
Tumor‐Targeting Fluorescent Probe Based on 1,8‐Naphthalimide and Porphyrin Groups
Authors: Liu Fan , Shen Yan‐Chun , Chen Si , Yan Guo‐Ping , Zhang Qiao , Guo Qing‐Zhong , Gu Yuan‐Tong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTargeted tumor imaging in vivo has been one of the main challenges in the early stage of cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, few contrast probes are available to specifically respond to tumor environments. The aim was to investigate porphyrin‐1,8‐naphthalimide derivative (APTSPP‐2NI) as a potential tumor‐targeting fluorescent probe in vitro and in vivo. A tumor‐targeting APTSPP‐2NI was synthesized by the incorporation of water‐soluble 5‐(4’‐aminophenyl)‐10,15,20‐tris(4’‐sulfonato‐phenyl) porphyrin (APTSPP) as a tumor‐targeting group into N‐butyl‐4‐ethyldiamino‐1,8‐naphthalene imide (NI) fluorescence molecule herein. The derivative was further characterized and its properties in vitro and in vivo including the cell cytotoxicity, cell uptake of tumor cells and fluorescent imaging were also evaluated. Experiment results indicated that APTSPP‐2NI possessed the low cell cytotoxicity and good tumor‐targeting property to the B16F10 melanoma cells. Moreover, APTSPP‐2NI can be taken up highly by B16F10 melanoma tumors and then achieve the good green and red fluorescent imaging in B16F10 melanoma tumors. Therefore APTSPP‐2NI can be considered as a potential tumor‐targeting dual‐mode enhanced probe in fluorescent imaging in vitro and in vivo.
Hydrothermal Method–Derived MnMoO4 Crystals: Effect of Cationic Surfactant on Microstructures and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Isacfranklin Melkiyur , Rani Balasubramaniam Jansi , Ravi G. , Yuvakkumar Rathinam , Hong Sun Ig , Velauthapillai Dhayalan , Saravanakumar Balasubramaniam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of energy devices is becoming necessary to deal with the power crisis. Binary transition manganese molybdate (MnMoO4) is considered to be a well‐known material for storage applications. Electrochemical performance of anode electrode materials was tested with respect to the effect of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C19H12BrN). The fundamental characterization studies such as X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared confirmed the presence of MnMoO4. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images revealed well‐grained micro/nanostructures. The electrochemical behavior was determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. In this study, 0.2 M CTAB/MnMoO4 showed high 447.61 F/g specific capacitance from the CV analysis. The GCD studies showed that after 3000 cycles, the cycling stability was retained with 79.60% of capacitive retention.
Understanding phishers' strategies of mimicking uniform resource locators to leverage phishing attacks: A machine learning approach
Authors: Tharani J. Samantha , Arachchilage Nalin A.G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhishing is a type of social engineering attack with an intention to steal user data, including login credentials and credit card numbers, leading to financial losses for both organizations and individuals. It occurs when an attacker, pretending as a trusted entity, lure a victim into click on a link or attachment in an email, or in a text message. Phishing is often launched via email messages or text messages over social networks. Previous research has revealed that phishing attacks can be identified just by looking at uniform resource locator (URLs). Identifying the techniques which are used by phishers to mimic a phishing URL is rather a challenging issue. At present, we have limited knowledge and understanding of how cyber‐criminals attempt to mimic URLs with the same look and feel of the legitimate ones, to entice people into clicking links. Therefore, this paper investigates the feature selection of phishing URLs (uniform resource locators), aiming to explore the strategies employed by phishers to mimic URLs that can obviously trick people into clicking links. We employed an information gain (IG) and Chi‐Squared feature selection methods in machine learning (ML) on a phishing dataset. The dataset contains a total of 48 features extracted from 5000 phishing and another 5000 legitimate URL from web pages downloaded from January to May 2015 and from May to June 2017. Our results revealed that there were 10 techniques that phishers used to mimic URLs to manipulate humans into clicking links. Identifying these phishing URL manipulation techniques would certainly help to educate individuals and organizations and keep them safe from phishing attacks. In addition, the findings of this research will also help develop anti‐phishing tools, framework or browser plugins for phishing prevention.
Genetic and transcriptomic evidences suggest ARO10 genes are involved in benzenoid biosynthesis by yeast
Authors: Valera Maria Jose , Zeida Ari , Boido Eduardo , Beltran Gemma , Torija María Jesús , Mas Albert , Radi Rafael , Dellacassa Eduardo , Carrau Francisco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBenzenoids are compounds associated with floral and fruity flavours in flowers, fruits and leaves and present a role in hormonal signalling in plants. These molecules are produced by the phenyl ammonia lyase pathway. However, some yeasts can also synthesize them from aromatic amino acids using an alternative pathway that remains unknown. Hanseniaspora vineae can produce benzenoids at levels up to two orders of magnitude higher than Saccharomyces species, so it is a model microorganism for studying benzenoid biosynthesis pathways in yeast. According to their genomes, several enzymes have been proposed to be involved in a mandelate pathway similar to that described for some prokaryotic cells. Among them, the ARO10 gene product could present benzoylformate decarboxylase activity. This enzyme catalyses the decarboxylation of benzoylformate into benzaldehyde at the end of the mandelate pathway in benzyl alcohol formation. Two homologous genes of ARO10 were found in the two sequenced H. vineae strains. In this study, nine other H. vineae strains were analysed to detect the presence and per cent homology of ARO10 sequences by PCR using specific primers designed for this species. Also, the copy number of the genes was estimated by quantitative PCR. To verify the relation of ARO10 with the production of benzyl alcohol during fermentation, a deletion mutant in the ARO10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used. The two HvARO10 paralogues were analysed and compared with other α‐ketoacid decarboxylases at the sequence and structural level.
Heavy-light bootstrap from Lorentzian inversion formula
Authors: Li Yue-Zhou 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study heavy-light four-point function by employing Lorentzian inversion formula, where the conformal dimension of heavy operator is as large as central charge CT→ ∞. We implement the Lorentzian inversion formula back and forth to reveal the universality of the lowest-twist multi-stress-tensor Tk as well as large spin double-twist operators $$ {\left[{\mathcal{O}}_H{\mathcal{O}}_L\right]}_{n^{\prime },{J}^{\prime }} $$

O
H

O
L

n
′

,

J
′

. In this way, we also propose an algorithm to bootstrap the heavy- light four-point function by extracting relevant OPE coefficients and anomalous dimensions. By following the algorithm, we exhibit the explicit results in d = 4 up to the triple-stress- tensor. Moreover, general dimensional heavy-light bootstrap up to the double-stress-tensor is also discussed, and we present an infinite series representation of the lowest-twist double- stress-tensor OPE coefficient. Exact expressions of lowest-twist double-stress-tensor OPE coefficients in d = 6, 8, 10 are also obtained as further examples.
Light dark sectors through the Fermion portal
Authors: Darmé Luc , Ellis Sebastian A.R. , You Tevong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pairs of Standard Model fermions form dimension-3 singlet operators that can couple to new dark sector states. This “fermion portal” is to be contrasted with the lower-dimensional Higgs, vector and neutrino singlet portals. We characterise its distinct phenomenology and place effective field theory bounds on this framework, focusing on the case of fermion portals to a pair of light dark sector fermions. We obtain current and projected limits on the dimension-6 effective operator scale from a variety of meson decay experiments, missing energy and long-lived particle searches at colliders, as well as astrophysical and cosmological bounds. The DarkEFT public code is made available for recasting these limits, which we illustrate with various examples including an integrated- out heavy dark photon.