bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular coloboma: Genetic variants reveal a dynamic model of eye development
Authors: Yoon Kevin H. , Fox Sabrina C. , Dicipulo Renée , Lehmann Ordan J. , Waskiewicz Andrew J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOcular coloboma is a congenital disorder of the eye where a gap exists in the inferior retina, lens, iris, or optic nerve tissue. With a prevalence of 2–19 per 100,000 live births, coloboma, and microphthalmia, an associated ocular disorder, represent up to 10% of childhood blindness. It manifests due to the failure of choroid fissure closure during eye development, and it is a part of a spectrum of ocular disorders that include microphthalmia and anophthalmia. Use of genetic approaches from classical pedigree analyses to next generation sequencing has identified more than 40 loci that are associated with the causality of ocular coloboma. As we have expanded studies to include singleton cases, hereditability has been very challenging to prove. As such, researchers over the past 20 years, have unraveled the complex interrelationship amongst these 40 genes using vertebrate model organisms. Such research has greatly increased our understanding of eye development. These genes function to regulate initial specification of the eye field, migration of retinal precursors, patterning of the retina, neural crest cell biology, and activity of head mesoderm. This review will discuss the discovery of loci using patient data, their investigations in animal models, and the recent advances stemming from animal models that shed new light in patient diagnosis.
Activities of daily living status and psychiatric symptoms after discharge from an intensive care unit: a single‐center 12‐month longitudinal prospective study
Authors: Shima Nozomu , Miyamoto Kyohei , Shibata Mami , Nakashima Tsuyoshi , Kaneko Masahiro , Shibata Naoaki , Shima Yukihiro , Kato Seiya ,   W‐PICS investigators
Published: September 2020

AimIn post‐intensive care syndrome (PICS), long‐term survivors of critical illness present various physical and mental symptoms that can persist for years after discharge. Post‐intensive care syndrome in Japan has not been well described, so this study aims to elucidate its epidemiology.MethodsWe undertook a single‐center prospective longitudinal cohort study in a mixed intensive care unit (ICU) in a Japanese tertiary hospital. Adult patients emergently admitted to the ICU were eligible for inclusion in the study. To assess activity of daily living (ADL) status and psychiatric symptoms, we posted a questionnaire at 3 and 12 months after discharge from the ICU. We evaluated ADL status, anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms using the Barthel index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Impact of Event Scale − Revised, respectively.ResultsEnrolled in this study were 204 patients. We received responses from 117/147 (80%) and 74/98 (76%) patients at 3 and 12 months, respectively. At 3 months, the prevalence of ADL disability, anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms was 32%, 42%, 48%, and 20%, respectively. At 12 months, the prevalence was 22%, 33%, 39%, and 21%, respectively. The prevalence of any symptoms was 66% at 3 months and 55% at 12 months. Barthel index score at 12 months was improved significantly from that at 3 months. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale − Revised scores at 12 months showed no improvement.ConclusionsAt 3 and 12 months after ICU discharge, over half of our Japanese patients suffered ADL disability and/or psychiatric symptoms. The ADL disability improved at 1 year, but psychiatric symptoms did not.
The Role of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Electronic Sensors
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Tao , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMOFs have a highly ordered self‐assembled nanostructure, high surface area, nanoporosity with tunable size and shape, reliable host–guest interactions, and responsiveness to physical and chemical stimuli which can be exploited to address critical issues in sensor applications. On the one hand, the nanoscale pore size of MOFs ranging from less than 1 nm to ≈ 10 nm not only allows the diffusion of small molecules into the pores or through the MOF layer, but also excludes other larger molecules depending on the size, shape, and conformation of MOFs. On the other hand, MOFs with flexible structure exhibit a dynamic response to external stimuli, including guest molecules, temperature, pressure, pH, and light. Due to the unsaturated coordination metal sites and active functional groups, the interaction between certain analytes and active sites results in high selectivity. In this review, we summarize the latest studies on MOF‐based electronic sensors in terms of the function of MOFs, discuss challenges, and suggest perspectives.
Microinjection molding of polyoxymethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites with different matrix viscosities
Authors: Zhou Shengtai , Lei Xue , Mei Junqi , Hrymak Andrew N. , Kamal Musa R. , Zou Huawei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study features the effect of matrix viscosity on the properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced polyoxymethylene (POM/CNT) microparts, which were obtained via melt blending and subsequent microinjection molding (μIM) processes, under a defined set of processing conditions. Results of compression molding and μIM were compared to assess the influence of processing methods (i.e., thermomechanical history) on the electrical and thermal conductivities, melting and crystallization behavior as well as the thermal degradation resistance of POM/CNT composites. Filler orientation in POM/CNT microparts was evaluated using Raman spectral analysis. The electrical conductivity measurements revealed that matrix viscosity plays a significant role in determining the distribution of CNT. Also, the extreme shearing conditions that prevail in μIM are unfavorable for the construction of random conductive pathways within the micromoldings, as corroborated by transmission electron microscopy. Although the thermal degradation resistance of both POM/CNT composites and corresponding microparts deteriorated with increasing filler concentration, samples prepared with higher matrix viscosity showed higher thermal stability when compared with lower matrix viscosity counterparts. This study provides valuable insights into fabricating multifunctional microparts for potential industrial applications in replacement of metallic components for precision electronic instruments.
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer induced shear piezoelectric coefficient enhancement in bismuth sodium titanate – PVDF composite films
Authors: Dai Zexia , Feng Zhixuan , Feng Congcong , Meng Liyan , Li Chunying , Wang Chao , Han Limin , Bai Yijia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of ester‐based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) and bismuth sodium titanate polycrystalline oxide (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, BNT) co‐blended poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films were prepared. Mechanical test confirms the optimum BNT blending content (25 wt%) and further reveals a linear growth of tensile elongation by increasing TPU content. Microstructure modifications including strengthened hydrogen bond and valence band edge elevation are evidenced to be highly correlated to the dielectric and piezoelectric properties. Significant enhancement (7–13 times) in face shear piezoelectric coefficient (d36) is achieved by adjusting the blending content of TPU. Cross‐section image presents a featuring multilayer structure with improved dispersity of BNT particle under a transverse tensile force which effectively increases the interfacial contact area between BNT and polymer blends. This work reveals the significance of band structure modification and anisotropic texture construction on influencing the transfer of piezoelectric charge in TPU blended BNT‐PVDF composite film.
Innovative preparation of bacterial cellulose/silver nanocomposite hydrogels: In situ green synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial properties
Authors: Fadakar Sarkandi Aida , Montazer Majid , Harifi Tina , Mahmoudi Rad Mahnaz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, an innovative in situ green strategy was applied to prepare bacterial cellulose/silver nanocomposites using green tea as a substrate for the fermentation ofAcetobacter xylinumbacteria and a reducing agent for the in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The samples were analyzed by different characterization tests including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and ATR. The results indicated the excellent antibacterial activities with 100% bacterial reduction percentage and inhibition zones of 2.6 and 2.8 cm againstS. aureusandE. coli, respectively. Moreover, water absorption percentage and vertical wicking measurements supported the hydrogel properties of the prepared bio‐cellulose/silver nanocomposites. Finding of this research suggested the potential of the proposed green route for preparing antibacterial BC which can be regarded as a candidate for future wound healing applications.
Effect of hollow glass beads on density and mechanical properties of silicone rubber composites
Authors: Quan Xudong , Han Ruijie , Shao Yuanrui , Niu Kangmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, low density hollow glass beads (HGB)/silicon rubber (SR) composites were prepared by solution method and flocculation process. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile test, and friction test. The results show that the densities of SR composites decrease from 1.140 to 0.792 g/cm3 with the addition of HGB. By comparing theoretical density with true density, it can be estimated that the ratio of shattered HGB increase from 8.79% to 24.76%. Especially, the mechanical properties of SR composites were improved by surface modification of HGB. By adding surface‐modified HGB at 5 and 10 wt%, the tensile strengths of SR composites were enhanced by 17.8% and 28.2%, respectively. In addition, tear strength, shore A hardness, compression set, and friction property were significantly ameliorated. Furthermore, the mechanism of surface‐modified HGB in mechanical properties was analyzed.
Does she compensate the victim while he punishes the perpetrator? No gender differences in anonymous economic games across 11 nations
Authors: Dorrough Angela R. , Olsson Maria I.T. , Froehlich Laura , Glöckner Andreas , Martiny Sarah E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSocial role theory posits that occupational gender roles give rise to gender differences in behavior, such that men and women engage in qualitatively different prosocial behaviors. Therefore, we expected that women who observed an unfair situation (involving a victim and a perpetrator) would respond by demonstrating communal prosocial behavior (by compensating the victim), whereas men would respond with agentic prosocial behavior (by punishing the perpetrator). Furthermore, on the basis of social role theory, we expected that gender differences would be more pronounced in countries with a more unequal distribution of men and women in communal and agentic occupational roles. The current research tested the predictions using an economic game. Two studies consisting of samples from 10 countries (Study 1, N = 1,791) and a student sample from Germany (Study 2, N = 193) showed no support for the predicted gender differences in prosocial behavior and no systematic relationship between prosocial behavior and gender roles across countries.
Education and psychological distress in adolescence and mid‐life: Do private schools make a difference?
Authors: Sullivan Alice , Parsons Samantha , Ploubidis George , Wiggins Richard D. , Green Francis 
Published: September 2020

This article extends the evidence base on childhood circumstances, education and psychological distress. We examine the link between childhood advantage and disadvantage, the type of school attended during adolescence and psychological distress at ages 16 and 42. The analysis uses a large, population‐based birth cohort study, the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) (n = 17,198) using a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. More advantaged young people were more likely to attend private schools, but we find no evidence for an effect of private schooling on psychological distress for men, and for women there was an association between private schooling and raised psychological distress at age 16. Having a university degree was associated with a modest reduction in psychological distress in mid‐life. We establish that maternal psychological distress at age 10 was a risk factor for the offspring’s psychological distress both in adolescence and in mid‐life, and adolescent psychological distress predicts psychological distress in mid‐life. We conclude that schools which are academically successful do not necessarily provide wider benefits in terms of mental health.
Monitoring Autophagy Flux and Activity: Principles and Applications
Authors: Ueno Takashi , Komatsu Masaaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMacroautophagy is a major degradation mechanism of cell components via the lysosome. Macroautophagy greatly contributes to not only cell homeostasis but also the prevention of various diseases. Because macroautophagy proceeds through multi‐step reactions, researchers often face a persistent question of how macroautophagic activity can be measured correctly. To make a straightforward determination of macroautophagic activity, diverse monitoring assays have been developed. Direct measurement of lysosome‐dependent degradation of radioisotopically labeled cell proteins has long been applied. Meanwhile, indirect monitoring procedures have been developed. In these assays, autophagosome marker proteins, microtubule‐associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B‐II (LC3B‐II) and gamma‐aminobutyric acid receptor‐associated protein‐II (GABARAP‐II) have been analyzed and the validity of the assays strongly depends on appropriate assessment of the fluctuation of LC3‐II and/or GABARAP‐II levels in the presence or absence of lysosomal inhibitors. This article describes these monitoring methods, paying special attention to the principles and characteristics of each procedure.
Online laboratory exercise on computational biology: Phylogenetic analyses and protein modeling based on SARS‐CoV‐2 data during COVID‐19 remote instruction
Authors: Lorusso Nicholas S. , Shumskaya Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuspended on‐site instruction during the COVID‐19 created an exceptional challenge for teaching hands‐on laboratory classes. We designed an online laboratory activity using computational biology techniques to overcome this issue. This set of online exercises introduces bioinformatics skills into existing curricula in the form of guided tutorials based on molecular data on SARS‐CoV‐2 virus.
Relationship between SDB and short‐term outcome in Finnish ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Haula Tuuli‐Maria , Puustinen Juha , Takala Mari , Holm Anu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesPresence of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) affects negatively recovery from stroke. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationships between sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) and outcome measures in Finnish stroke unit cohort: mRS, need of rehabilitation and hospitalization time.Material and MethodsAn observational longitudinal study consisted of 95 patients referred to the Stroke Unit of Satakunta Hospital District over a period of November 2013 to March 2016. Patients were tested for SDB within 72 hr from the hospital admission because of ischemic stroke or TIA. The patients underwent polysomnography with NOX T3 wireless recorder.ResultsThere are 37% (n = 35) non‐OSA patients, 20% (n = 19) of patients have mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 39% (n = 37) have moderate/severe OSA and 4% (n = 4) have CSA. Patients with OSA have higher proportion of disability scores of mRS 3–5 (38%) compared to non‐OSA (11%) and mild OSA (5%) patients on registration day (mRS0), and the same trend is seen at hospital discharge 35% versus 9% and 5%. (p = .009). Proportion of patients with OSA who needed rehabilitation is 65% (n = 19) versus non‐OSA patients 17.5% (n = 4) and mild OSA patients 17.5% (n = 4; p = .039). We observed longer duration of hospitalization (5–15 days) in 29% of OSA patients compared to mild OSA patients 47% and OSA patients 54%. (p = .045).ConclusionIschemic stroke patients with OSA have higher disability, higher need of rehabilitation, and longer hospitalization length. Prescreening tools for recognizing these stroke patients in acute phase could be valuable. That could result in earlier initiation of treatment and might prevent worse recovery from stroke.
Clinical characteristics and survival of 5283 esophageal cancer patients: A multicenter study from eighteen hospitals across six regions in China
Authors: He Yutong , Liang Di , Du Lingbin , Guo Tiantian , Liu Yanyu , Sun Xibin , Wang Ning , Zhang Min , Wei Kuangrong , Shan Baoen , Chen Wanqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the potential determining epidemiological and clinical risk factors affecting the survival of esophageal cancer (EC) patients across multiple hospitals in China.MethodsThis was a multicenter study comprising of newly diagnosed EC cases from Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Zhejiang, and Guangdong Province of China. Their baseline characteristics and treatment methods data were collected from their medical records. The EpiData software was used for data quality control. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate their overall survival (OS), and the Cox's proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe 3‐ and 5‐year OS rates of the 5283 investigated EC patients were 49.98% and 39.07%, respectively. Their median survival was 36.00 months. The median survival time of females was longer than that of males (females vs. males: 45.00 vs. 33.00, P < 0.001). The 5‐year OS rate of patients who never‐smoked was higher than that of smokers (never‐smokers vs smokers: 40.73% vs. 37.84%, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the 5‐year OS rate between drinkers and never‐drinkers (drinkers vs never‐drinkers: 34.22% vs. 29.65%, P = 0.330). In multivariate analysis, pathological stage (stage II: HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.40‐2.31; stage III: HR = 2.62, 95% CI = 2.06‐3.34; stage IV: HR = 3.90, 95% CI = 2.98‐5.09), poor differentiation/undifferentiated (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.11‐1.63), not married status (HR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.49‐4.04), production and service personnel (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.83) and farming/fishing (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.12‐1.76) were independent prognostic risk factors for poor EC survival. Tumors in the thoracic or abdominal part of the esophagus, female and family history of any cancer were independent factors predictive of a good EC OS.ConclusionGender, marital status, occupation, family history of any cancer, tumor topographical site, differentiation status, and pathological stage were associated with the survival rate of EC. This study reveals important clinical characteristics of esophageal cancer patients in China and provides helpful information for their clinical management and surveillance.
Study and analysis of antitumor resistance mechanism of PD1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint blocker
Authors: Wang Zhengyi , Wu Xiaoying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImmunocheckpoint proteins of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes play an important role in tumor prognosis in the course of tumor clinicopathology. PD‐1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule. By binding to PD‐L1 (programmed cell death‐ligand 1), it blocks TCR and its costimulus signal transduction, inhibits the activation and proliferation of T cells, depletes the function of effector T cells, and enables tumor cells to achieve immune escape. In recent years, immunocheckpoint blocking therapy targeting the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis has achieved good results in a variety of malignant tumors, pushing tumor immunotherapy to a new milestone, such as anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibody Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody Atezolizumab, which are considered as potential antitumor drugs. It was found in clinical use that some patients obtained long‐term efficacy, but most of them developed drug resistance recurrence in the later stage. The high incidence of drug resistance (including primary and acquired drug resistance) still cannot be ignored, which limited its clinical application and became a new problem in this field. Due to tumor heterogeneity, current limited research shows that PD‐1 or PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody drug resistance may be related to the following factors: mutation of tumor antigen and antigen presentation process, multiple immune checkpoint interactions, immune microenvironment changes dynamically, activation of oncogenic pathways, gene mutation and epigenetic changes of key proteins in tumors, tumor competitive metabolism, and accumulation of metabolites, etc, mechanisms of resistance are complex. Therefore, it is the most urgent task to further elucidate the mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance, discover multitumor universal biomarkers, and develop new target agents to improve the response rate of immunotherapy in patients. In this study, the mechanism of anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 drug resistance in tumors, the potential biomarkers for predicting PD‐1 acquired resistance, and the recent development of combination therapy were reviewed one by one. It is believed that, based on the complex mechanism of drug resistance, it is of no clinical significance to simply search for and regulate drug resistance targets, and it may even produce drug resistance again soon. It is speculated that according to the possible tumor characteristics, three types of treatment methods should be combined to change the tumor microenvironment ecology and eliminate various heterogeneous tumor subsets, so as to reduce tumor drug resistance and improve long‐term clinical efficacy.
Pleasant hostility: Disidentified consumers' emotional and behavioral reactions to a brand crisis
Authors: Ruppel Christopher , Einwiller Sabine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research explores how consumers react in a crisis situation that happens to a brand with which they disidentify. Consumer–brand disidentification (CBD) is a state of self‐categorization regarding the separation from and rejection of a brand. It predestines individuals to move away from and go against the misbehaving company because the failure of the object of disidentification provides a perfect opportunity for them to validate their identity. We argue that disidentification is closely related not only to a person's propensity to behave but also to feel in a specific way. Surveys data were collected in the United States and Germany to answer the research question regarding the role of emotions in the relationship between CBD and consumers' intention to demonstrate brand‐opposition behavior. Volkswagen, which experienced a crisis related to its manipulation of emission tests, served as the brand stimulus. The results show that CBD can stimulate hostile emotions and schadenfreude, which can function as mediators of the influence of disidentification on brand opposition (negative word‐of‐mouth, brand avoidance, punishing the brand). This research contributes to the growing body of research on the “dark side” of consumer‐brand relationships and its perils for brands. It also enhances understanding of the role of emotions in (dis)identification and social identity research and widens the scholarship on emotions in crises. Managerial implications include to thoroughly consider trade‐offs of creating a strong and unique brand that may give rise to disidentification; monitoring negative voices, especially online; and differentiating disidentified consumers from other types of opposing stakeholders.