bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of MRI based extracellular volume fraction and partition coefficient measurements in thigh muscle
Authors: Goodall Alex F , Broadbent David A , Dumitru Raluca B , Buckley David L , Tan Ai Lyn , Buch Maya H , Biglands John D 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of extracellular volume-fraction (ECV) measurement, and time to achieve contrast equilibrium (CE), in healthy muscles, and to determine whether in-flow and partial-volume errors in the femoral artery affect measurements, and if there are differences in the partition coefficient (λ) between muscles.

Methods:
T1 was measured in the biceps femoris, vastus intermedius, femoral artery and aorta of 10 healthy participants. This was repeated alternately between the thigh and aorta for ≥25 min following a bolus of gadoterate meglumine. λ was calculated for each muscle/blood measurement. Time to CE was assessed semi-quantitatively.

Results:
8/10 participants achieved CE. Time to CE = 19±2 min (mean ± 95% confidence interval). Measured λ: biceps femoris/aorta = 0.210±0.034, vastus intermedius/aorta = 0.165±0.015, biceps femoris/femoral artery = 0.265±0.054, vastus intermedius/femoral artery = 0.211±0.026. There were significant differences in λ between the muscles when using the same vessel (p &lt; 0.05), and between λ calculated in the same muscle when using different vessels (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion:
ECV measurements in the thigh are clinically feasible. The use of the femoral artery for the blood measurement is associated with small but significant differences in λ. ECV measurements are sensitive to differences between muscles within the healthy thigh.

Advances in knowledge:
This paper determines the time to contrast equilibrium in the healthy thigh and describes a method for measuring accurately ECV in skeletal muscle. This can aid in the diagnosis and understanding of inflammatory auto-immune diseases.
Hemostatic radiotherapy for inoperable gastric cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Tanaka Osamu , Sugiyama Akihiko , Omatsu Tatsushi , Tawada Masahiro , Makita Chiyoko , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
Standard treatment for progressive gastric cancer with bleeding includes hemostatic radiotherapy (RT); however, the only prospective study using a fixed dose with fractions during hemostatic RT did not introduce re-irradiation. Therefore, we determined the utility of RT including re-irradiation for gastric cancer.

Methods:
In this study, 31 patients with gastric cancer and bleeding were treated with an initial dose of 20 Gy/5 fractions for the whole stomach and a salvage dose of 15 Gy/5 fractions for the partial stomach. Patients achieving hemostasis, defined as a stable hemoglobin level within 30 days following irradiation, were considered responders, whereas those with no cessation of bleeding and those with re-bleeding within 30 days of irradiation were considered non-responders. We evaluated response rate, disease-free survival, overall survival (OS), re-irradiation, and adverse events (AEs).

Results:
The response rate of initial RT was 80% (25/31). 6 of the 25 patients underwent re-irradiation, and all 6 were responders (100%). The median OS was significantly different among the entire cohort and one-time irradiation and re-irradiation groups (91, 76, and 112 days, respectively). No AEs of grade ≥3 were observed. Initial low-dose RT followed by reirradiation was effective in reducing AEs and did not cause any further AEs.

Conclusion:
Hemostatic RT was an effective approach with low toxicity, and re-irradiation was effective and tolerable, with no patients developing severe AEs. Further, randomized controlled studies are warranted to determine the ideal dose and number of fractions for initial RT in patients with gastric cancer and bleeding.

Advances in knowledge:
In this prospective study on hemostatic radiotherapy for gastric cancer, the response rate was 80% using a fixed dose of 20 Gy/5 fractions and the salvage dose of 15 Gy for re-bleeding was effective. Future comparative studies should include other doses with 20 Gy as a control.
Study protocol: In the preparation and administration of intravenous medicines, what are the best practice standards that healthcare professionals need to follow to ensure patient safety?
Authors: Carr Peter J. , O'Connor Laura , Gethin Georgina , Ivory John D. , O'Hara Paul , O'Toole Orla , Healy Patricia 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Intravenous therapy and medicines (IVTM) are the most common invasive interventions in use in healthcare. Prescribed IVTM play an essential role in the treatment of illness, management of chronic conditions and in maintaining health and wellbeing. The intravenous (IV) route is the administration of concentrated medications (diluted or undiluted) directly into peripherally or centrally inserted vascular access devices. Medication safety is a key priority and best practice standards are required to guide the safe preparation and administration of IVTM. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review of the literature pertaining to the preparation and administration of intravenous therapy and medicines. Our search will include studies concerned with the preparation and/or administration of IVTM via peripheral or central vascular access devices. We will be guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) in this review. Literature will include all trial designs, national/international guidelines, and expert consensus opinion made available in English from 2009 to present day. Conclusions: We will synthesise the evidence concerning safe and effective preparation and administration of intravenous therapy and medicines to inform the development of a national guideline for healthcare professionals in Ireland. The availability of up-to-date, contemporaneous evidence-based practice standards will ensure quality and safety for service-users. Registration: This study has been submitted to PROSPERO and we are awaiting confirmation of registration.
Performance of Three DifferentSpades for Residual Plastic Film Recycling Machine
Authors: Yang Songmei , Chen Xuegeng , Yan Limin , Jiang Deli 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsEffectively separating the “white pollution” from agricultural soil.Three different spades for mechanical recycling residual film were tested.All spades had a similar draft requirement and soil disturbance trend.Spade A provided a higher residual film recovery rate.Abstract. Plastic film mulching cultivation provides important support for increasing the crop yield and ensuring food security, but residual plastic film pollution has become a prominent problem affecting the sustainable development of agriculture especially in northwest China. Recovery of thicker film by residual plastic film recycling machines may represent an effective way to solve this problem. In this study, a combined implement comprising three different spades (spades A, B, and C) were tested in a cotton field to compare their performance. All three types of spades were tested at a travel speed of 4.5 kmh-1 and a working depth of 40 mm. The residual plastic film recovery rate, soil draft force, soil disturbance characteristics (furrow profile), and cotton stubble uprooting were measured. Spade B had a higher draft force than the other spades. This trend was also observed for the soil disturbance area. Spades A and C produced stubble uprooting of approximately 5%, and spade B resulted in an approximately 5.7% larger degree of uprooting. Spade A had the largest recovery rate of residual film, while spade C had the smallest one. Overall, considering both recovery rate of residual film and draft force requirement, spade A showed better performance compared to spades B and C. Keywords: Draft force, Residual plastic film, Recovery rate, Soil disturbance, Spade.
Performance of Solar Utilization System Developed with Capillary Tube Mats to Collect and Release Heat in Chinese Solar Greenhouses
Authors: Li Ming , Yue Liwei , Song Weitang , Wang Chaoyuan 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsA solar utilization system was developed with capillary tube mats (SUSCTM) to heat Chinese solar greenhouses (CSGs) actively during winter nights.In the solar day, SUSCTM collected 28~33% of the accumulated solar energy on the north-wall and released 40.3~48.6% of the collected heat in night under the experimental conditions.The thermal performances of SUSCMT can be further improved by improving the heat insulation of the water tank, doubling and elongating the capillary tubes.Abstract.A solar utilization system composed of capillary tube mats, a water tank, recirculating pipes, and a pump (SUSCTM) was developed to improve the temperature of Chinese solar greenhouses (CSGs) during winter nights. The capillary tube mats were mounted on the north-wall to intercept solar radiation. By circulating water within the SUSCTM during the daytime, the solar energy can be absorbed and stored in the water tank. In the same way, the heat stored in the water tank can be recovered to increase the indoor air temperature (Tin) in the night. During the daytime hours of sunny days, SUSCMT stored the heat of 102.4~135.4 MJ under the test conditions, which accounts for 28~33% of the accumulated solar energy on the north wall. The heat released by the SUSCTM during the nighttime hours of sunny days accounted for 40.3~48.6% of the collected heat. As a result, the minimum Tin in the night was elevated by 1.6°C~1.9°C, with the coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.3~1.8. On the other hand, the SUSCMT only operated during the night hours of cloudy day and elevated the minimum Tin by 1.5°C. The COP was 1.2 as a result. In addition, the amount and flux of heat released by the SUSCMT per the north wall area matched the conventional north wall of CSGs. Based on the proposed model, the thermal performances of SUSCMT can be further improved by improving the heat insulation of the water tank, doubling and elongating the capillary tubes. Thus, the SUSCMT has the potential to increase the Tin of CSG during winter nights. Keywords: Capillary tube mats, Chinese solar greenhouse, Indoor air temperature, Solar utilization system, Water circulation.
The Effects of Pasteurization by Conventional and Ohmic Heating Methods and Concentration Processes on the Madan (Garcinia Schomburgkiana Pierre) Juice Properties
Authors: Khuenpet Krittiya - , Jittanit Weerachet - 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsThis research proved that Madan juice should be filtered before pasteurization in order to be more palatable for consumer.Madan juices and its concentrates can be efficiently heated by ohmic method due to their high electrical conductivities.Mathematical models developed in this study can accurately predict the electrical conductivity of the Madan juice during ohmic heating.This research proved that the quality of pasteurized Madan juice concentrates was rather steady during 60 days of storage.Abstract.Madan is a native fruit of the Southeast Asian region. The objectives of this research were: 1) to investigate the effect of pasteurization methods on the qualities of Madan juices and 2) to examine the influence of ohmic heating on the qualities and storage stability of pasteurized and concentrated juice compared to conventional heating method. It appeared that Madan juices (5-27.2 °Brix) can be heated by ohmic method due to high electrical conductivities (1.37-4.74 S.m-1). Mathematical models developed in this study can precisely predict the electrical conductivity of Madan juice. Filtration step and pasteurization condition of 95°C for 15 s should be applied in Madan juice processing because they provided the highest sensorial scores and the lowest color change. The continuous-mode machine provided the lightest color with low redness and yellowness values. Quality changes of Madan juice concentrate samples pasteurized using double jacket kettle and ohmic heating method were diminutive during 60 days of storage. Keywords: Concentration, Juice, Madan, Ohmic heating, Pasteurization.
Deterrence of Aspergillus Flavus Regrowth and Aflatoxin Accumulation on Shelled Corn Using Infrared Heat Treatments
Authors: Smith Deandrae Lynette , Atungulu Griffiths G. , Wilson Shantae A. , MohammadiShad Zeinab 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsInfrared heating was used to deactivate Aspergillus flavus.Treating samples for 150 s at the 3.24 kW/m2 intensity resulted in complete deactivation of A. flavus.Adding a tempering step at 70°C for 4 h significantly increased deactivation of A. flavus.Corn treated at IR intensity =3.24 kW/m2 showed no potential for A. flavus regrowth or aflatoxin persistence.The study demonstrated a non-chemical approach to deactivate mycotoxigenic fungi on corn.Abstract.The objectives of this study were to determine the suitable combinations of infrared (IR) heating duration and intensity, followed by tempering treatments to maximize the deactivation of aflatoxin-producing mold spores, specifically Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). Corn samples at moisture content of 24% wet basis were inoculated with spore suspension of A. flavus and incubated to allow microbial attachment on the kernels. Corn samples were then heated using IR energy and then tempered for 4 h. Following the treatments, the samples were placed in conditions favorable for mold regrowth. Treatments of non-tempered samples for 210 s at the lowest intensity (1.27 kW/m2) resulted in A. flavus load reductions of 5.9 Log CFU/g. Treatments of non-tempered samples at the medium (3.24 kW/m2) and highest intensity (6.9 kW/m2) for 210 s resulted in complete deactivation of A. flavus. No fungal regrowth or aflatoxin persistence was observed on samples treated for 210 s at the lowest, medium, and highest IR intensities. Keywords: Aflatoxins, Aspergillus flavus, Infrared heating, Shelled corn, Tempering.
Below the horizon—the physics of extreme visual ranges
Authors: Vollmer Michael 
Published: May 2020

Visual ranges of up to 440 km have recently been documented by
photographs of ground-based observers. A report from 1948 claimed a
record visual range from a plane of more than 530 km and a similar
recent observation from 2017 was documented by a photo. Such extreme
visual ranges can in principle be explained by the interplay of
refraction and light scattering. However, they require optimal
atmospheric conditions, and cleverly chosen locations and times.
Spatial pattern-shifting method for complete two-wavelength fringe projection profilometry
Authors: Lin Chu , Zheng Dongliang , Kemao Qian , Han Jing , Bai Lianfa 
Published: May 2020

Two-wavelength fringe projection profilometry (FPP) unwraps a phase with the unambiguous phase range (UPR) of the least common multiple (LCM) of the two wavelengths. It is accurate, convenient, and robust, and thus plays an important role in shape measurement. However, when two non-coprime wavelengths are used, only a small UPR can be generated, and the unwrapping performance is compromised. In this Letter, a spatial pattern-shifting method (SPSM) is proposed to generate the maximum UPR (i.e., the product of the two wavelengths) from two non-coprime wavelengths. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the SPSM breaks the constraint of wavelength selection and enables a complete (i.e., either coprime or non-coprime) two-wavelength FPP. The SPSM, on the other hand, only requires spatially shift of the low-frequency pattern with the designed amounts and accordingly adjusting the fringe order determination, which is extremely convenient in implementation. Both numerical and experimental analyses verify its flexibility and correctness.
10.4  kW coherently combined ultrafast fiber laser
Authors: Müller Michael , Aleshire Christopher , Klenke Arno , Haddad Elissa , Légaré François , Tünnermann Andreas , Limpert Jens 
Published: May 2020

An ultrafast laser delivering 10.4 kW average output power based on a coherent combination of 12 step-index fiber amplifiers is presented. The system emits close-to-transform-limited 254 fs pulses at an 80 MHz repetition rate, and has a high beam quality (

M

2

≤

1.2

) and a low relative intensity noise of 0.56% in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Automated spatiotemporal alignment allows for hands-off operation.
Independent Whole-Genome Duplications Define the Architecture of the Genomes of the Devastating West African Cacao Black Pod PathogenPhytophthora megakaryaand Its Close RelativePhytophthora palmivora
Authors: Morales-Cruz Abraham , Ali Shahin S , Minio Andrea , Figueroa-Balderas Rosa , García Jadran F , Kasuga Takao , Puig Alina S , Marelli Jean-Philippe , Bailey Bryan A , Cantu Dario 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhytophthora megakarya and P. palmivora are oomycete pathogens that cause black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the most economically important disease on cacao globally. While P. palmivora is a cosmopolitan pathogen, P. megakarya, which is more aggressive on cacao than P. palmivora, has been reported only in West and Central Africa where it has been spreading and devastating cacao farms since the 1950s. In this study, we reconstructed the complete diploid genomes of multiple isolates of both species using single-molecule real-time sequencing. Thirty-one additional genotypes were sequenced to analyze inter- and intra-species genomic diversity. The P. megakarya genome is exceptionally large (222 Mbp) and nearly twice the size of P. palmivora (135 Mbp) and most known Phytophthora species (∼100 Mbp on average). Previous reports pointed toward a whole-genome duplication (WGD) in P. palmivora. In this study, we demonstrate that both species underwent independent and relatively recent WGD events. In P. megakarya we identified a unique combination of WGD and large-scale transposable element driven genome expansion, which places this genome in the upper range of Phytophthora genome sizes, as well as effector pools with 1,382 predicted RxLR effectors. Finally, this study provides evidence of adaptive evolution of effectors like RxLRs and Crinklers, and discusses the implications of effector expansion and diversification.
Genetic Underpinnings of Host Manipulation byOphiocordycepsas Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomics
Authors: Will Ian , Das Biplabendu , Trinh Thienthanh , Brachmann Andreas , Ohm Robin A , de Bekker Charissa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnt-infecting Ophiocordyceps fungi are globally distributed, host manipulating, specialist parasites that drive aberrant behaviors in infected ants, at a lethal cost to the host. An apparent increase in activity and wandering behaviors precedes a final summiting and biting behavior onto vegetation, which positions the manipulated ant in a site beneficial for fungal growth and transmission. We investigated the genetic underpinnings of host manipulation by: (i) producing a high-quality hybrid assembly and annotation of the Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani genome, (ii) conducting laboratory infections coupled with RNAseq of O. camponoti-floridani and its host, Camponotus floridanus, and (iii) comparing these data to RNAseq data of Ophiocordyceps kimflemingiae and Camponotus castaneus as a powerful method to identify gene expression patterns that suggest shared behavioral manipulation mechanisms across Ophiocordyceps-ant species interactions. We propose differentially expressed genes tied to ant neurobiology, odor response, circadian rhythms, and foraging behavior may result by activity of putative fungal effectors such as enterotoxins, aflatrem, and mechanisms disrupting feeding behaviors in the ant.
Safety and Quality of Pediatric Care in Freestanding Children’s and General Hospitals
Authors: Lasater Karen B. , McCabe Margaret A. , Lake Eileen T. , Frankenberger Warren D. , Roberts Kathryn E. , Agosto Paula D. , Riman Kathryn A. , Bettencourt Amanda P. , Schierholz Elizabeth S. , Catania Gianluca , Aiken Linda H. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate quality and safety of care in acute pediatric settings from the perspectives of nurses working at the bedside and to investigate hospital-level factors associated with more favorable quality and safety.

METHODS:
Using data from a large survey of registered nurses in 330 acute care hospitals, we described nurses’ assessments of safety and quality of care in inpatient pediatric settings, including freestanding children’s hospitals (FCHs) (n = 21) and general hospitals with pediatric units (n = 309). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of being a FCH on favorable reports on safety and quality before and after adjusting for hospital-level and nurse characteristics and Magnet status.

RESULTS:
Nurses in FCHs were more likely to report favorably on quality and safety after we accounted for hospital-level and individual nurse characteristics; however, adjusting for a hospital’s Magnet status rendered associations between FCHs and quality and safety insignificant. Nurses in Magnet hospitals were more likely to report favorably on quality and safety.

CONCLUSIONS:
Quality and safety of pediatric care remain uneven; however, the organizational attributes of Magnet hospitals explain, in large part, more favorable quality and safety in FCHs compared with pediatric units in general acute care hospitals. Modifiable features of the nurse work environment common to Magnet hospitals hold promise for improving quality and safety of care. Transforming nurse work environments to keep patients safe, as recommended by the National Academy of Medicine 20 years ago, remains an unfinished agenda in pediatric inpatient settings.
Clinical Predictors for Abnormal Renal Bladder Ultrasound in Hospitalized Young Children With a First Febrile Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Wallace Sowdhamini S. , Ban Kathryn , Singh Amrita , Lui Karen , Molleda Imgard Carolina , Orth Robert C. , Pierson Stacy B. , Hess Lauren , Lo Huay-ying , Koh Chester J. , Walker Lauren , Neubauer Hannah , Macias Charles G. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:Physicians often obtain a routine renal bladder ultrasound (RBUS) for young children with a first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). However, few children are diagnosed with serious anatomic anomalies, and opportunity may exist to take a focused approach to ultrasonography. We aimed to identify characteristics of the child, prenatal ultrasound (PNUS), and illness that could be used to predict an abnormal RBUS and measure the impact of RBUS on management.METHODS:We conducted a single-center prospective cohort study of hospitalized children 0 to 24 months of age with a first febrile UTI from October 1, 2016, to December 23, 2018. Independent variables included characteristics of the child, PNUS, and illness. The primary outcome, abnormal RBUS, was defined through consensus of a multidisciplinary team on the severity of ultrasound findings important to identify during a first UTI.RESULTS:A total of 211 children were included; the median age was 1.0 month (interquartile range 0–2), and 55% were uncircumcised boys. All mothers had a PNUS with 10% being abnormal. Escherichia coli was the pathogen in 85% of UTIs, 20% (n = 39 of 197) had bacteremia, and 7% required intensive care. Abnormal RBUS was found in 36% (n = 76 of 211) of children; of these, 47% (n = 36 of 76) had moderately severe findings and 53% (n = 40 of 76) had severe findings. No significant difference in clinical characteristics was seen among children with and without an abnormal RBUS. One child had Foley catheter placement, and 33% received voiding cystourethrograms, 15% antibiotic prophylaxis, and 16% subspecialty referrals.CONCLUSIONS:No clinical predictors were identified to support a focused approach to RBUS examinations. Future studies should investigate the optimal timing for RBUS.