bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Instability of the Halide Perovskite CsPbI3 through Temperature‐Dependent Structural Analysis
Authors: Straus Daniel B. , Guo Shu , Abeykoon AM Milinda , Cava Robert J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite the tremendous interest in halide perovskite solar cells, the structural reasons that cause the all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 to be unstable at room temperature remain mysterious, especially since many tolerance‐factor‐based approaches predict CsPbI3 should be stable as a perovskite. Here single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray pair distribution function (PDF) measurements characterize bulk perovskite CsPbI3 from 100 to 295 K to elucidate its thermodynamic instability. While Cs occupies a single site from 100 to 150 K, it splits between two sites from 175 to 295 K with the second site having a lower effective coordination number, which, along with other structural parameters, suggests that Cs rattles in its coordination polyhedron. PDF measurements reveal that on the length scale of the unit cell, the PbI octahedra concurrently become greatly distorted, with one of the IPbI angles approaching 82° compared to the ideal 90°. The rattling of Cs, low number of CsI contacts, and high degree of octahedral distortion cause the instability of perovskite‐phase CsPbI3. These results reveal the limitations of tolerance factors in predicting perovskite stability and provide detailed structural information that suggests methods to engineer stable CsPbI3‐based solar cells.
Photochromic Mechanism and Dual‐Phase Formation in Oxygen‐Containing Rare‐Earth Hydride Thin Films
Authors: Hans Marcus , Tran Tuan T. , Aðalsteinsson Sigurbjörn M. , Moldarev Dmitrii , Moro Marcos V. , Wolff Max , Primetzhofer Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe phase formation of a photochromic Gd0.31(H0.55O0.45)0.69 thin film, grown by reactive magnetron sputtering, is critically evaluated. Oxygen is preferably incorporated into the underdense columnar grain boundaries, when the as‐deposited gadolinium hydride film is exposed to ambient conditions. Two phases, Gd2O3 and GdH2, are formed with significant compressive residual stress of 5.9 ± 1.5 GPa. These findings, extracted from transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and atom probe tomography, provide a straightforward explanation for the photochromic effect. The mechanism can be understood as photon‐induced hydrogen transfer between the two phases, identical in nature to the photochromic effect in bulk yttrium hydride at high pressure.
Expert consensus on protocol of rehabilitation for COVID‐19 patients using framework and approaches of WHO International Family Classifications
Authors: Zeng Bin , Chen Di , Qiu Zhuoying , Zhang Minsheng , Wang Guoxiang ,   Rehabilitation Group of Geriatric Medicine branch of Chinese Medical Association, division of Management of Medical Rehabilitation Institution of Chinese Hospital Association, Rehabilitation Institution Management division of Chinese Rehabilitation Medical Association, division of Rehabilitation Psychology, Chinese Psychological Association, division of Disability Classification Research, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has widely spread all over the world and the numbers of patients and deaths are increasing. According to the epidemiology, virology, and clinical practice, there are varying degrees of changes in patients, involving the human body structure and function and the activity and participation. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and its biopsychosocial model of functioning, we use the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO‐FICs) framework to form an expert consensus on the COVID‐19 rehabilitation program, focusing on the diagnosis and evaluation of disease and functioning, and service delivery of rehabilitation, and to establish a standard rehabilitation framework, terminology system, and evaluation and intervention systems based the WHO‐FICs.
Double‐blinded randomized prospective trial of intranasal capsaicin treatment for nonallergic rhinitis
Authors: Zebda Denna , Jiang Zi Yang , Gibson Micah M. , Pham Chauchau , Ahmadi Sorour , Floren Samuel , Yao William C. , Citardi Martin J. , Luong Amber U. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundNonallergic rhinitis (NAR) is currently a diagnosis of exclusion with an unclear pathophysiologic mechanism and limited treatment options. In patients diagnosed with NAR based on symptoms, negative skin testing and positive optical rhinometry (ORM), the study's objective was to evaluate the therapeutic action of intranasal capsaicin in the management of rhinitic symptoms and the effect on ORM readings.MethodsPatients with a history of NAR underwent screening by a diagnostic intranasal capsaicin challenge with ORM and skin‐prick testing. Twenty‐two NAR patients were enrolled and randomized to either treatment with 0.1mM capsaicin (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11). Treatment consisted of 5 consecutive intranasal applications separated by 1 hour with follow‐up at 4 and 12 weeks. At each visit, subjects underwent intranasal capsaicin challenge with ORM reading and a visual analog scale scoring of rhinitis symptoms.ResultsTreatment with intranasal capsaicin resulted in a median change with improvement in total symptom score (TSS) of –5 from baseline vs an increase of 2 with placebo at 4 weeks, which remained significantly different between the groups at 12 weeks (p = 0.03). At 12 weeks posttreatment, 60% of the intervention group vs 80% of placebo‐treated patients still met objective criteria for NAR by ORM.ConclusionUsing ORM in the objective diagnosis of NAR, this trial showed that intranasal 0.1mM capsaicin not only improved rhinitic symptoms but also objectively reduced nasal reactivity and nasal congestion with a 40% responder rate at 12 weeks as noted by ORM.
Reduction of time‐releasing ammonia from polymer foam using low acidic polymers
Authors: Cho Mi Yeon , Kim Tae Min , Kim Yeon Wook , Shin Min‐Seung , Jo Yong Yeon , Lee Kangtaek , Kim Bo‐Hyun , Lee Sunjong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolymer foams are used in everyday life for industrial and household applications. However, the time‐releasing ammonia is environmentally harmful that becomes attractive. Here, we introduce a technically advanced synthetic process for the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam, in which the emission of ammonia gas is significantly reduced by using the polymeric acids. The PVC foam has processed with azodicarbonamide (ADCA) as a chemical blowing agent after the solid type polymeric acid is mixed as supporting agent. While the characteristic properties such as specific gravity (density) and chromaticity of PVC foams are not critically changed, the reduction of time‐releasing ammonia is up to 85% compared to the PVC foam without polymeric acid. This is attributed to the cell structure with small sub‐cells and lots of connecting channels and the chemically capturing ammonia of polymeric acids.
The circular economy and consumer behaviour: The mediating role of information seeking in buying circular packaging
Authors: Testa Francesco , Iovino Roberta , Iraldo Fabio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe transition towards a circular economy is a crucial issue to pursue a more sustainable development. In this transition, consumers' comprehension and engagement are necessary points to guide them towards more environmentally conscious purchases. This study extends the understanding of green consumer behaviour by testing an integrated conceptual model that explores the influence of personal concern, other pro‐environmental behaviours, greenwashing beliefs, consumer innovativeness, and personal predisposition to seeking information on the purchasing of circular packaging. We explored both the stand‐alone and the mediating effects of information seeking. Data were collected from a questionnaire‐based survey administered to a large and representative sample of Italian families, using 1,643 valid responses. We used structural equation modelling to test the proposed hypotheses. The results highlight the fundamental importance of seeking information in order to guide consumption choices that are more consistent with the circular economy. For managers, our paper suggests that packaging counts in purchasing decisions and that information is used by consumers to search for consistency between personal attitudes, other pro‐environmental behaviours, and the circular attributes of packaging.
Affecting the Formation of the Micro‐structure and Meso/macro‐structure of SAPO‐34 zeolite by Amphipathic Molecules
Authors: Shen Xuefeng , Du Yujue , Ding Jiajia , Wang Chuanming , Liu Hongxing , Yang Weimin , Xie Zaiku 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSAPO‐34 is an important member in the family of zeolites, which shows excellent catalytic activity in MTO reaction, but suffers from the diffusion bottleneck. To overcome the diffusion problem, porogen was added to generate meso/macro pores in SAPO‐34 zeolite. In this work, amphipathic molecules were designed as CSDA to synthesize a tri‐level hierarchically porous SAPO‐34, and the introduction of CSDA could promote the Si atoms incorporating into the AlPO4 framework, change the morphology of particles and decrease the acidity of prepared SAPO‐34 zeolite. The prepared SAPO‐34 catalyst exhibits higher selectivity of C2H4 and C3H6 in the MTO reaction than the conventional SAPO‐34 zeolite. The morphology and the microstructure of the prepared samples vary with the carbon chain of the amphipathic molecules due to the matching between amphipathic molecules and topological structure of CHA.
In Vivo Reduction of Medium‐ to Long‐Chain Fatty Acids by Carboxylic Acid Reductase (CAR) Enzymes: Limitations and Solutions
Authors: Horvat Melissa , Winkler Margit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFatty aldehyde production by chemical synthesis causes an immense burden to the environment. Within this study, we explored a sustainable, aldehyde‐selective and mild alternative approach by utilizing carboxylic acid reductases (CARs). CARs from Neurospora crassa (NcCAR), Thermothelomyces thermophila (TtCAR), Nocardia iowensis (NiCAR), Mycobacterium marinum (MmCAR) and Trametes versicolor (TvCAR) were overexpressed in E. coli K‐12 MG1655 RARE (DE3) and screened for medium‐ to long‐chain fatty acid (C6–C18) reduction. MmCAR showed the broadest tolerance towards all carbon‐chain lengths and was selected for further investigations of fatty aldehyde synthesis in whole cells. To yield relevant product concentrations, different limitations of CAR whole‐cell conversions were elucidated and compensated. We coupled an in vitro cofactor recycling system to a whole‐cell biocatalyst to support cofactor supply and achieved 12.36 g L−1 of octanal (STY 0.458 g L−1 h−1) with less than 1.5 % of 1‐octanol.
Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor for Sensitive Quantification of Prostate Specific Antigen in Human Serum Samples Exploiting BaTiO3−CdS
Authors: dos Reis Lima Fernanda M. , Soares Rossy‐Eric P. , Sinfrônio Francisco Sávio M. , Maciel Adeilton P. , de Menezes Alan S. , Pereira Silma Regina F. , Damos Flavio S. , Luz Rita de Cássia S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel label‐free photoelectrochemical immunosensor was developed for the determination of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) based on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode modified with barium titanate and cadmium sulfide (BaTiO3−CdS/FTO). The photoelectrochemical current density of the BaTiO3 platform sensitized with CdS for the ascorbic acid (AA) donor molecule was higher than that observed in the absence of CdS. The BaTiO3−CdS/FTO platform was modified with PSA antibodies to produce the anti‐PSA/BaTiO3−CdS/FTO immunosensor, which was incubated in solutions of PSA to inhibit the photocurrent density of the immunosensor for AA. The photocurrent density of the anti‐PSA/BaTiO3−CdS/FTO immunosensor presented a linear relationship with the logarithm of the PSA concentration ranging from 1 pg mL−1 to 1 μg mL−1 with good sensitivity. The proposed method presented an experimental detection limit of 1 pg mL−1 (S/N=3). The immunosensor was successfully employed for the determination of PSA in blood serum samples, with recoveries between 98.7 %–104.4 %.
Burning magnesium in carbon dioxide for highly effective phosphate removal
Authors: Yao Ying , Yu Lei , Wang Meiling , Dai Alvin , Zhang Yan , Guo Qiubo , Lin Yulin , Wen Jianguo , Wu Feng , Ji Xiulei , Lu Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMagnesium oxide was found to have high‐phosphate‐affinity as an effective component to enhance the phosphate removal ability of common adsorbent materials. However, the currently prepared MgO‐based hybrid adsorbents by conventional methods still suffer from the limited low loading of MgO and inferior removal performances, much far away from practical application. In this study, an ingenious carbon coated MgO nanocomposite is designed by directly burning magnesium in CO2, a well‐known textbook reaction. X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope and aberration‐corrected high‐resolution transmission electron microscope demonstrate the sample is well prepared. Consequently, the high content of nanosized MgO combined with defect‐rich carbon layer brings unprecedented phosphate removal capacity of 1135.0 mg/g, removal rate of 99% and benign compatibility with coexisting anions and solution pH. Furthermore, the removal mechanism is also investigated in detail by characterizing the sample before and after adsorption.
Die lästigen steirischen Arsenikesser
Authors: Wallau Wilhelm Martin 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel fasst die wesentlichen Argumente gegen die reale Existenz der immer wieder kolportierten Arsenikimmunisierung der steirischen Arsenikesser zusammen und beleuchtet die Gründe, aus denen sich dieser experimentell unbestätigte Mythos bis in die Gegenwart propagiert. Dabei sind die im 19. Jahrhundert mangelnde Vorabkontrolle wissenschaftlicher Publikationen, die auch durch „Post‐Publication“‐Kommentierung nicht ausreichend korrigiert werden konnte sowie, im konkreten Fall, die literarisch‐poetische Adaption, die trotz ihres fiktiven Charakters als Darstellung realer Fakten wahrgenommen wurde, zu nennen.
Light sheet microscopy of the gerbil cochlea
Authors: Hutson Kendall A. , Pulver Stephen H. , Ariel Pablo , Naso Caroline , Fitzpatrick Douglas C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLight sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) provides a rapid and complete three‐dimensional image of the cochlea. The method retains anatomical relationships—on a micrometer scale—between internal structures such as hair cells, basilar membrane (BM), and modiolus with external surface structures such as the round and oval windows. Immunolabeled hair cells were used to visualize the spiraling BM in the intact cochlea without time intensive dissections or additional histological processing; yet material prepared for LSFM could be rehydrated, the BM dissected out and reimaged at higher resolution with the confocal microscope. In immersion‐fixed material, details of the cochlear vasculature were seen throughout the cochlea. Hair cell counts (both inner and outer) as well as frequency maps of the BM were comparable to those obtained by other methods, but with the added dimension of depth. The material provided measures of angular, linear, and vector distance between characteristic frequency regions along the BM. Thus, LSFM provides a unique ability to rapidly image the entire cochlea in a manner applicable to model and interpret physiological results. Furthermore, the three‐dimensional organization of the cochlea can be studied at the organ and cellular level with LSFM, and this same material can be taken to the confocal microscope for detailed analysis at the subcellular level.
Affective matches of fabric and lighting chromaticity
Authors: Kim Juhee , Suk Hyeon‐Jeong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of lighting colors on subjective judgments of fabric: in particular, whether the influence of lighting varies depending on fabric types and color combinations. We conducted two visual assessments. In Study 1 (N = 44), eight illuminants and six types of fabric were presented as cloth stimuli. Derived from the literature review, four sets of adjectives (humble‐luxurious, cool‐warm, old‐new, and not preferred‐preferred) were used as metrics. In Study 2 (N = 41), five sets of fabric color combination swatches were assessed under lighting conditions that were identical to those of Study 1. Three bipolar scales (ordinary‐characterful, classic‐modern, and soft‐rigid), were employed from factor analysis along with three unipolar scales (luxurious, preferred, harmonious with lighting). The results showed that hue characteristics of lighting and cloth types influenced participants' perceptions of the fabric. Overall, white lighting with 4000 K was the most preferred and luxurious lighting across various types of clothes, while a pinkish white with 4700 K (duv = −0.0127) was the best matched in every color combination. In addition, there were interaction effects between lighting colors, clothes types, and fabric color combinations with regard to each of the perceptual qualities. This study provides empirical evidence for optimally match lighting colors with fabric in the presentation of fabric goods.
Dynamic spatio‐temporal logic based on RCC‐8
Authors: Cheng Haitao , Li Peng , Wang Ruchuan , Xu He 
Published: July 2020

SummaryQualitative spatio‐temporal reasoning is an important problem in artificial intelligence and has been widely and successfully applied in geographic information system and spatio‐temporal database. Currently, action features can be found in spatio‐temporal domain and the existing spatio‐temporal formalisms are not suitable for dealing with dynamic spatio‐temporal knowledge. Thus, how to represent and reason dynamic spatio‐temporal knowledge has become an important research issue. In this article, we present a dynamic spatio‐temporal logic for representing and reasoning dynamic spatio‐temporal knowledge. is a natural combination of spatio‐temporal logic ‐8 based on ‐8 and propositional dynamic logic. Timed actions of can be considered as temporal terms, moving the regions of topological space from one time point to another. can capture actions that change spatial relations between regions over time. For a formula from , we present a construction of a Büchi tree automaton. At the same time, we prove that deciding the satisfiability problem of is an EXPTIME‐complete problem.
Interrogating Adaptive Immunity Using LCMV
Authors: Dangi Tanushree , Chung Young Rock , Palacio Nicole , Penaloza‐MacMaster Pablo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this invited article, we explain technical aspects of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) system, providing an update of a prior contribution by Matthias von Herrath and J. Lindsay Whitton. We provide an explanation of the LCMV infection models, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate route and viral strain. We also describe how to quantify virus‐specific immune responses, followed by an explanation of useful transgenic systems. Specifically, our article will focus on the following protocols. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: LCMV infection routes in miceSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of LCMV stocksASSAYS TO MEASURE LCMV TITERSSupport Protocol 2: Plaque assaySupport Protocol 3: Immunofluorescence focus assay (IFA) to measure LCMV titerMEASUREMENT OF T CELL AND B CELL RESPONSES TO LCMV INFECTIONBasic Protocol 2: Triple tetramer staining for detection of LCMV‐specific CD8 T cellsBasic Protocol 3: Intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) for detection of LCMV‐specific T cellsBasic Protocol 4: Enumeration of direct ex vivo LCMV‐specific antibody‐secreting cells (ASC)Basic Protocol 5: Limiting dilution assay (LDA) for detection of LCMV‐specific memory B cellsBasic Protocol 6: ELISA for quantification of LCMV‐specific IgG antibodySupport Protocol 4: Preparation of splenic lymphocytesSupport Protocol 5: Making BHK21‐LCMV lysateBasic Protocol 7: Challenge modelsTRANSGENIC MODELSBasic Protocol 8: Transfer of P14 cells to interrogate the role of IFN‐I on CD8 T cell responsesBasic Protocol 9: Comparing the expansion of naïve versus memory CD4 T cells following chronic viral challenge
Dim and Dmoc Protecting Groups for Oligodeoxynucleotide Synthesis
Authors: Fang Shiyue , Eriyagama Dhananjani , Yuan Yinan , Shahsavari Shahien , Chen Jinsen , Lin Xi , Halami Bhaskar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis protocol provides details for the preparation of nucleoside phosphoramidites with 1,3‐dithian‐2‐yl‐methyl (Dim) and 1,3‐dithian‐2‐yl‐methoxycarbonyl (Dmoc) as protecting groups, and a linker with Dmoc as the cleavable function, then using them for solid phase synthesis of sensitive oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Using these Dim‐Dmoc phosphoramidites and Dmoc linker, ODN synthesis can be achieved under typical conditions using phosphoramidite chemistry with slight modifications, and ODN deprotection and cleavage can be achieved under mild conditions involving oxidation with sodium periodate at pH 4 followed by aniline at pH 8. Under the mild deprotection and cleavage conditions, many sensitive functional groups including but not limited to esters, thioesters, alkyl halides, N‐aryl amides, and α‐chloroamides—which cannot survive the basic and nucleophilic deprotection and cleavage conditions such as concentrated ammonium hydroxide and dilute potassium methoxide used in typical ODN synthesis technologies—can survive. Thus, it is expected that the Dim‐Dmoc ODN synthesis technology will find applications in the synthesis of ODNs that contain a wide range of sensitive functional groups. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Synthesis, deprotection, cleavage, and purification of sensitive oligodeoxynucleotidesSupport Protocol 1: Synthesis of Dim‐Dmoc nucleoside phosphoramiditesSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of CPG with a Dmoc linkerSupport Protocol 3: Synthesis of a phosphoramidite containing a sensitive alkyl ester group
A Fluorescence‐Based Assay to Monitor SUMOylation in Real‐Time
Authors: Tripathi Vasvi , Das Ranabir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) is an important post‐translational modifier that regulates various cellular processes. Extensive investigations have been made to comprehend the enzymatic process and consequence of SUMOylation. In vitro SUMOylation assays are invaluable for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of SUMOylation. A majority of these assays monitor changes in the size of the substrate upon SUMO conjugation. Current methods typically detect the size difference through SDS‐PAGE and western blots, which makes these methods cumbersome, error‐prone, and time‐consuming. Here, we describe a fluorescence‐based assay for real‐time detection of SUMOylation. In the method, a fluorophore‐tagged substrate is used in the SUMOylation reaction. Upon SUMOylation, the size and correlation time (τc) of the substrate increases, and so does its anisotropy. The rate of change in anisotropy with time reflects the efficiency of the SUMOylation machinery. The real‐time SUMOylation assay protocol is elegant, time‐saving, and less prone to errors. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Fluorescent anisotropy‐based in vitro SUMOylation assay