bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple sclerosis: making the invisibles visible
Authors: Chaudhary Bhupendra , Chaudhary Ansh 
Published: May 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with its protean manifestations commonly present as motor weakness, diplopia, visual loss, sensory symptoms in limbs or face or even bladder and bowel dysfunction. Underneath the umbrella of these common symptoms many invisible, unpredictable and erratic symptoms persists which complicates both the clinical presentation and the treatment. As majority of these symptoms are subjective so their true assessment on objective ground is difficult. It is important to consider that patients with MS and their care-takers should have reasonable knowledge about these symptoms because if these symptoms go unidentified or untreated then they may lead to a difficult diagnostic dilemma hence complicates further management. The frequency and severity of these unusual symptoms at times raise a suspicion of other neurological diseases. The occurrence of any of these symptoms at times may be a sign of active disease.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ADIWIYATA IN THE CHARACTER OF CARING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT OF STUDENTS
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial , Asrial Asrial , Sabil Husni , Arsil Arsil 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: This research aims to look at the effectiveness of the adiwiyata program in the character of caring for the environment of students.
Methodology: Using mixed methods with the type of sequential explanatory using 220 respondents using questionnaire instruments, interviews, and documentation.
Main Findings: From the results of the questionnaire given shows that elementary school teacher education students at Jambi University have a good category in caring about the environment, this is reinforced by the results of documentation and interviews that have been conducted, that students already care about the environment, and know that throwing trash in its place and protecting the campus environment is the right activity.
Applications of this study: implementing the adiwiyata program on campus can foster the character of caring for the environment owned by students so that students are able to protect the environment around themselves of their own volition without being instructed.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The renewal of this research is the implementation of the adiwiyata program to see the effectiveness of growing the character of caring for the environment.
An Observational Study Of Risk Factors And Their Association With Carotid Intima- Media Thickness In Cases Of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tyagi Dr. Arun , Shrivastava Dr. A.K , Waran Dr Marcia 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION Currently, ischemic heart diseases and stroke are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and more than 80% of deaths occurring in the low and the middle-income countries. There are a number of risk factors associated with ischemic stroke; the important ones being hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use and hyperlipidemia. All the risk factors also contribute towards atherogenesis. Change in the carotid artery intima–media thickness (CIMT) is an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to find out correlation between risk factors and CIMT in the stroke patients of western Maharashtra.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This observational study was conducted in department of medicine from February 2013 to June 2014 to study the risk factors and their association with CIMT if any, in patients of stroke. Fifty stroke patients admitted in the medical ICU were studied.
RESULTS Thirty-five patients out of 50 studied had ischemic stroke. Tobacco use (82%) and hypertension (80%) were the commonest risk factors for stroke followed by, dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Twenty-four (68.5%) out of 35 ischemic stroke patients had CIMT value more than 1.00 mm. Out of 35 ischemic stroke patients 15 had carotid stenosis; four severe (>70%), five moderate (50% - 70%) and six patients had mild (<50%) stenosis. Out of the patients with carotid stenosis, 13 patients had hypertension, 12 were tobacco user, 8 dyslipidemia and 6 had diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSION Increased CIMT is a marker of generalized atherosclerosis and it correlates directly with other risk factors like age, tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.
La educación saboteada y otras paradojas de los gobiernos de izquierda en Uruguay: ¿hacia un cambio de gobierno?
Authors: Marrero Adriana 
Published: May 2020

La educación pública, laica y gratuita ha sido uno de los pilares sobre los que se ha construido el Uruguay desde finales del siglo XIX. Sin embargo, los datos censales de 1963, mostraron una realidad que era ignorada por los uruguayos: la educación pública no alcanzaba a toda la población y sólo la mitad de la población adulta había terminado la primaria completa. Desde entonces, se ha ampliado la cobertura, pero paradójicamente, a un paso mucho más lento que el resto de los países de Latinoamérica. En este contexto, se esperaba que los gobiernos de izquierda imprimieran un nuevo impulso a la educación: el presupuesto educativo pasó de 2,8% a más del 5%, el salario docente se duplicó en términos reales, las instalaciones edilicias mejoraron y disminuyó el número de estudiantes por clase. Pero los resultados no mejoran: sólo un tercio de los jóvenes culminan la educación media. A partir de un breve relato histórico, se examinarán dos universos simbólicos que han estructurado los discursos educativos de la izquierda y la derecha en la última década. Sostendremos que la respuesta al problema educativo está dada por confluencia paradójica entre los efectos prácticos de un discurso proveniente de la izquierda, que procura imponer su visión desvalorizada de la educación, con consecuencias conservadoras, y un discurso de derecha autoritario, y sin embargo victimista, que dice querer restablecer -junto con aspectos del orden simbólico tradicional que la izquierda ha logrado revertir- la importancia de la educación pública en todos sus niveles.
Prueba de estímulo con un progestágeno para detección de pacientes menopáusicas en riesgo de desarrollar o tener patología endometrial oculta
Authors: Moreno Escallón Bernardo , Escalante Luzardo Luis Emilio 
Published: May 2020

La mujer que entra en el ocaso de su vida reproductiva, para amanecer en este hostil mundo de la :menopausia y el climaterio, está sometida no solamente a los cambios Psíquicos, sino a los físicos, por razones fisiológicas a causa de la senectud de sus ovarios .
Ambigüedad sexual
Authors: Niño Salcedo Jesús Antonio , Malo Gustavo 
Published: May 2020

El sexo puede definirse con base en por lo menos síes características: genético, gonadal, genitales internos, genitales externos, hormonal y género. Los países que presentan síndrome de ambigüedad sexual pueden tener una alteración cromosómica, o en el eje hipotálamo-pituitaria-gónadas, o en la producción de hormonas sexuales, o en la accción periférica de estas hormonas.En la niñez consultarán por la apariencia anormal de sus genitales, criptorquidia no palpable, hipospadias, clitoromegalia o hernia inguinal. En la adolescencia y en la etapa adulta por pobre desarrollo de los caracteres sexuales secundarios, o ginecomastia en los varones, o virilización en las mujeres, infertilidad o tumores gonadales.La valoración será clínica, citogenética y hormonal para clasificarlos en tres grupos: disgenesia gonadal, pseudohermafroditismo masculino, pseudobermafroditismo femenino con el fin de definir la asignación de sexo, el tratamiento hormonal y quirúrgico.
Mortalidad Perinatal en el quinquenio 1985 a 1989 en la sección de ginecología y obstetricia del Hospital Militar C.
Authors: De la Cruz S. Jairo 
Published: May 2020

La tasa de mortalidad perinatal al considerarse como uno de los indicadores más sensibles del proceso reproductivo nos permite evaluar la calidad de atención dispensada al binomio madre- hijo. Se estableció dicha tasa en el quinquenio 1985 a 1989 en la sección de obstetricia y ginecología del Hospital Militar Central en el 19.69 por mil. La edad promedio de la madre fue de 29 años, el 59.85% de las muertes ocurrieron en etapa pretérmino; el 70.81% de los recién nacidos tuvieron peso superior a los 1.500 gramos.La hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo y la amenaza de parto pretérmino son las complicaciones del embarazo que se asocian en mayor porcentaje a la mortalidad; el parto pretérmino fue la alteración del parto encontrada en mayor número en los componentes ante e intraparto.Las complicaciones del recién nacido se establecieron como nacidos pretérmino en el 58.9% y asociados a malformaciones congénitas en un 24.5%.De acuerdo con la clasificación intemacional de 999 causas de mortalidad perinatal. las malformaciones congénitas ocuparon el primer lugar, seguidas de síndrome de dificultad respiratoria.
Factor RH(-) en preeclampsia
Authors: Olaechea Arturo , Herrera M. Julián A. 
Published: May 2020

Se realiza un estudio de casos y controles con 450 pacientes embarazadas con el fin de evaluar la asociación entre el factor RH (-)y la preeclampsia en el Hospital Universitario del Valle y el Centro de Atención básica La Selva de Instituto de Seguros Sociales en la ciudad de Cali - Colombia. De los 239 controles normales (53.1%) el factor fue RH (+)en 236 (98.7%) y RH (-)en 3 (1.3%). Los casos de preeclampsia 211 (46.9%) el Factor RH (+)se presentó en 184 pacientes (87.2%) y el RH (-)en 27 (12.7%) con una diferencia significativa de P < 0.001 X 2 : 23.98. El riesgo relativo para presentar preeclampsia en las pacientes con factor RH (-)fue del 11.5 con intervalo de confianza del 95% entre 4.3-30.7. Los grupos de casos y controles son comparables por edad, raza y nivel socieconómico.
Inmunobiología de la reproducción I. Aspectos inmunológicos del factor masculino
Authors: Cadavid Angela P. , Botero William , Henao Guillermo , Sánchez Fabio , Ossa Jorge 
Published: May 2020

Se presenta una revisión de la literatura acerca de los aspectos inmunológicos del factor masculino haciendo énfasis en las características antigénicas de los componentes del semen, la respuesta de auto y aloanticuerpos que esos componentes pueden estimular y su posible papel en la infertilidad. Se describen las técnicas corrientemente utilizadas para la detección de anticuerpos contra espermatozoides en suero y en secreciones genitales masculinas y femeninas y se mencionan algunas posibilidades terapéuticas para la infertilidad de origen inmunológico
Tratamiento de las infecciones urinarias con una monodosis diaria de Gentamicina (Refobacin)
Authors: Luna R. Joaquín , Luna U. Joaquín 
Published: May 2020

Es bien conocida la alta frecuencia de infecciones del tracto urinario en la mujer. También es conocido que la mayoría de estas infecciones son causadas por gérmenes gram-negativos que responden a una variada gama de antibióticos; pero también se sabe que muchos de estos antibióticos han perdido campo frente a estos gérmenes debido a un mal uso terapéutico.
Observaciones sobre la citología del seno
Authors: Cortés Caballero Carlos 
Published: May 2020

Hace algunas semanas tuve la honrosa distinción de participar en unas charlas organizadas por la Sociedad Santandereana de Obstetricia y Ginecología sobre Displasias Mamarias y aunque específicamente no se habló sobre la metodología en el diagnóstico de las enfermedades del seno, se tocaron algunos tópicos relacionados, entre ellos el de la citología, habiendo causado impresión desfavorable mi opinión de que este procedimiento es aún poco confiable en nuestro medio.
Toxoplasmosis en obstetricia
Authors: Duarte Contreras Alberto , Duarte Barreto Clara Inés , Duarte de Ruiz Gladys 
Published: May 2020

La Toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis producida por un esporozoario del grupo de los coccídeos, el Toxoplasma Gondii que se transmite al hombre. Se encuentra ampliamente difundida por el mundo. Se le considera como un serio problema biológico y social.
Poroelastic Solution for the Nonlinear Productivity Index of Wells in Stress-Sensitive Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Zhang Wei , Mehrabian Amin 
Published: May 2020

SummaryReservoir depletion may induce substantial changes in the stress state of the subsurface rock. The interaction between the pore fluid pressure and rock stress alters the reservoir rock porosity and permeability which, in turn, can reversely affect the productivity index (PI) of producing wells.A nonlinear analytical solution is developed for the drawdown-dependent PI of reservoirs under a steady-state flow regime. Biot's theory of poroelasticity is used to derive the depletion-induced changes in the reservoir rock porosity and permeability. The well-known Mindlin's solution for a nucleus of strain in a semi-infinite elastic medium is adopted as Green's function and integrated over the depleted volume of a disk-shaped reservoir to obtain the 3D distribution of rock stress and volumetric strain. The fluid transport equation is nonlinearly related to the solid mechanics side of the problem via the stress-dependent permeability coefficients. A perturbation technique is used to mathematically treat the described nonlinearity and analytically solve the equations of pore fluid flow and rock stress under steady-state flow regime. A good match is captured between the obtained analytical perturbation solution and the numerical finite difference solution of the same problem.Results confirm the expected strong dependence of the Well PI on the drawdown magnitude. The poroelastic constitutive parameters of the reservoir rock determine the extent of such dependency. The rock initial porosity has the strongest influence on the Well PI, followed by the reservoir initial permeability and solid grain modulus, while the reservoir depth to radius ratio and the Poisson's ratio are found to be the least sensitive parameters.
Management of initial colonisations with Burkholderia species in France, with retrospective analysis in five Cystic Fibrosis Centres: a pilot study.
Authors: Gruzelle Vianney , Guet-Revillet Hélène , Segonds Christine , Bui Stéphanie , Macey Julie , Chiron Raphael , Michelet Marine , Murris-Espin Marlène , Mittaine Marie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Whereas Burkholderia infections are recognized to impair prognosis in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, there is no recommendation to date for early eradication therapy. The aim of our study was to analyse the current management of initial colonisations with Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) or B. gladioli in French CF Centres and its impact on bacterial clearance and clinical outcome. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the primary colonisations (PC), defined as newly positive sputum cultures, observed between 2010 and 2018 in five CF Centres. Treatment regimens, microbiological and clinical data were collected. Results: Seventeen patients (14 with BCC, and 3 with B. gladioli) were included. Eradication therapy, using heterogeneous combinations of intravenous, oral or nebulised antibiotics, was attempted in 11 patients. Six out of the 11 treated patients, and 4 out of the 6 untreated patients cleared the bacterium. Though not statistically significant, higher forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity at PC and consistency of treatment with in vitro antibiotic susceptibility tended to be associated with eradication. The management of PC was shown to be heterogeneous, thus impairing the statistical power of our study. Large prospective studies are needed to define whom to treat, when, and how. Conclusion: Pending these studies, we propose, due to possible spontaneous clearance, to check the presence of Burkholderia one month after PC before starting antibiotics, at least in the milder cases, and to evaluate a combination of IV beta-lactam + oral or IV fluoroquinolone + inhaled aminoglycoside.
Preventing Peterson’s space Hernia Using a Bio Synthetic Mesh
Authors: Skidmore Adam Peter , Aarts Edo O 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction Internal hernias occur after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery (RYGB) when small bowel herniates into the intermesenteric spaces that have been created. The closure technique used is related to the internal hernia risks outcomes. Using a non-resorbable double layered suture, this risk can be significantly reduced from 8.9 to 2.5% in the first three postoperative years. By closing over a BIO mesh, the risk might be reduced even more.Setting Two large private hospitals specialized in bariatric surgery.Methods All patients receiving a RYGB for (morbid) obesity between 2014 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. In all patients, the entero-enterostomy (EE) was closed using a double layered non-absorbable suture. In 2014, Peterson’s space was closed exclusively using glue, the years hereafter in a similar fashion as the EE, combined with a piece of glued BIO Mesh.Results The glued RYGB patients showed 25% of patients with an internal hernia (14%) or open Peterson’s space compared to 0.5% of patients (p<0.001) who had a combined sutured and BIO Mesh Closure of their Peterson’s space defect. Although this was an ideal technique for Peterson’s space, it led to 1% of entero-enterostomy kinking due to the firm adhesion formation. Conclusion Gluing the intermesenteric spaces is not beneficial but placing a BIO Mesh in Peterson’s space is a promising new technique to induce local adhesions. It is above all safe, effective and led to an almost complete reduction of Peterson’s internal herniations. In the future, a randomized controlled trial comparing this technique to a double layered, non-absorbable suture should give more insights into which is the optimal closure technique.
Reevaluation of risk factors for time to subsequent events after first stroke occurrence using a new weighted all-cause effect measure
Authors: Ozga Ann-Kathrin , Rauch Bernhard , Palm Frederick , Urbanek Christian , Grau Armin , Becher Heiko , Rauch Geraldine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Risk diseases and risk factors for stroke include atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and elevated LDL-cholesterol. Due to modern treatment options, the impact of these risk diseases on subsequent cardiovascular events or death after a first stroke is less clear and needs to be elucidated. We therefore aimed to get insights into the persistence of adverse prognostic effects of these risk diseases and risk factors on subsequent stroke or death events one year after the first stroke by using the new weighted all-cause hazard ratio.Methods: This study evaluates the one year follow-up of 470 first ever stroke cases identified in the area of Ludwigshafen, Germany, with 23 deaths and 34 subsequent stroke events. For this purpose, the recently introduced “weighted all-cause hazard ratio” was used, which allows a weighting of the competing endpoints within a composite endpoint. Moreover, we extended this approach to allow an adjustment for covariates. Results: None of these risk factors and risk diseases, most probably being treated after the first stroke, remained to be associated with a subsequent death or stroke [weighted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, high cholesterol, hypertension, and smoking are 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9), 0.8 (0.4 - 2.2), 1.3 (0.5 - 2.5), 1.2 (0.3 - 2.7), 1.6 (0.8 - 3.6), respectively]. However, when analyzed separately in terms of death and stroke, the risk factors and risk diseases under investigation affect the subsequent event rate to a variable degree.Conclusions: Using the new weighted hazard ratio, established risk factors and risk diseases for the occurrence of a first stroke do not remain to be significant predictors for subsequent events like death or recurrent stroke. It has been demonstrated that the new weighted hazard ratio can be used for a more adequate analysis of cardiovascular risk and disease progress. The results have to be confirmed within a larger study with more events.
Antimalarial activity of traditional Kampo medicine Coptis Rhizome extract and its major active compounds
Authors: Teklemichael Awet Alem , Mizukami Shusaku , Toume Kazufumi , Mosaddeque Farhana , Kamel Mohamed Gomaa , Kaneko Osamu , Komatsu Katsuko , Karbwang Juntra , Huy Nguyen Tien , Hirayama Kenji 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The herbal medicine has been a rich source of new drugs exemplified by quinine and artemisinin. In this study, examined a variety of Japanese traditional herbal medicine (Kampo) for their potential antimalarial activities.Methods: We designed a comprehensive screening to identify novel antimalarial drugs from a library of Kampo herbal extracts (n = 120) and related compounds (n=96). The antimalarial activity was initially evaluated in vitro against chloroquine/mefloquine-sensitive (3D7) and -resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The cytotoxicity was also evaluated using primary Adult Mouse Brain cells. After being selected through the first in vitro assay, positive extracts and compounds were examined for possible in vivo antimalarial activity.Results: Out of 120 herbal extracts, Coptis Rhizome showed the highest antimalarial activity (IC50 1.9 µg/mL of 3D7 and 4.85 µg/mL of Dd2) with a high selectivity index (SI) > 263 (3D7) and > 103 (Dd2). Three major chlorinated compounds (coptisine, berberine, and palmatine) related to Coptis Rhizome also showed antimalarial activities with IC50 1.1, 2.6, and 6.0 µM (against 3D7) and 3.1, 6.3, and 11.8 µM (against Dd2), respectively. Among them, coptisine chloride exhibited the highest antimalarial activity (IC50 1.1 µM against 3D7 and 3.1 µM against Dd2) with SI of 37.8 and 13.2, respectively. . Finally, the herbal extract of Coptis Rhizome and its major active compound coptisine chloride exhibited significant antimalarial activity in mice infected with P. yoelii 17X strain with respect to its activity on parasite suppression consistently from day 3 to day 7 post-challenge. The effect ranged from 50.38 to 72.13% (P <.05) for Coptis Rhizome and from 81 to 89% (P <.01) for coptisine chloride.Conclusion: Coptis Rhizome and its major active compound coptisine chloride showed promising antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and -resistant (Dd2) strains in vitro as well as in vivo mouse malaria model. Thus Kampo herbal medicine is a potential natural resource for novel antipathogenic agents.