bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of combining straw‐derived materials and wood ash on alkaline soil carbon content and the microbial community
Authors: Zhao Huili , Tian Xiaohong , Jiang Yuhan , Zhao Ying , Si Bingcheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe return of organic materials to cultivated fields to improve soil quality and to sequester carbon are widely studied, but the effects of combining different types of organic material on soil microbial diversity and community structure are poorly understood, particularly in alkaline soils. An incubation experiment was performed to study the effects of incorporating two straw‐derived materials (fresh straw and semi‐decomposed straw) alone or in combination with wood ash. The organic carbon content of soil treated with straw‐derived materials was significantly higher than that of soil with no straw and wood addition, but there was no significant difference between the fresh straw and semi‐decomposed straw treatments. Microbial diversity was decreased by the addition of straw on day 7; however, the combination of fresh/semi‐decomposed straw with wood ash increased bacterial diversity on day 118, and the combination of semi‐decomposed straw with wood ash increased fungal diversity. Fresh straw combined with wood ash significantly increased the abundance of Ascomycota by 15.5% relative to that of soil treated with semi‐decomposed straw, and semi‐decomposed straw combined with wood ash increased the abundance of Basidiomycota by 40.5% relative to that of soil treated with fresh straw. Amendment with straw‐derived materials and wood ash shaped the bacterial community in alkaline soil by changing the soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and pH, and the characteristics of straw‐derived materials and wood ash shaped the fungal community. Straw‐return modes that employ semi‐decomposed straw and wood ash addition can maintain organic carbon levels and improve the soil micro‐environment.Highlights
Combining straw‐derived materials and wood ash affects alkaline soil carbon content and the microbial community.
The effects of fresh and semi‐decomposed wheat straw on soil microorganisms and soil carbon content are reported for the first time.
The combination of semi‐decomposed wheat straw and wood ash enhanced soil fungal diversity and Basidiomycota abundance.
Semi‐decomposed wheat straw and wood ash can maintain organic carbon levels and improve the soil micro‐environment.
Osteochondral fragmentation of the cervical articular process joints; prevalence in horses undergoing CT for investigation of cervical dysfunction
Authors: Tucker Rachel , Hall Yvonne S. , Hughes Thomas K. , Parker Russell A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) imaging of the cervical spine of mature horses under general anaesthesia is becoming increasingly accessible. Osteochondral fragmentation (OF) of the cervical articular process joints (APJs) has been identified on CT imaging; the prevalence, clinical features and significance of this finding are currently unknown.ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and clinical features of a population of horses with CT evidence of OF within the cervical APJs.Study designRetrospective, descriptive case series.MethodsThe study population consisted of all horses undergoing CT imaging of the entire cervical spine between April 2016 and December 2019 at Liphook Equine Hospital for investigation of clinical signs localised to this region. CT scans were examined for evidence of OF within the APJs and additional case features were recorded.ResultsA total of 55 horses underwent CT imaging during the study period. OF was identified in 13 horses, giving a CT prevalence of 24% in the study population. OF occurred in a range of ages, breeds and uses of equine, presenting with varied clinical signs. It was identified at every level of the neck. Additional cervical pathology was identified in 11/13 OF cases.Main limitationsRetrospective analysis of a clinical caseload with a lack of clinically normal controls orpost mortemconfirmation of imaging findings. Low case numbers.ConclusionsOF within the cervical APJs is recognised on CT imaging in horses with cervical dysfunction. Fragments are commonly identified in combination with additional cervical pathology. Further investigation is required to confirm their clinical significance and develop potential treatment options where necessary.
Dilatation of lymphatic vessels increases liver stiffness on transient elastography irrespective of fibrosis
Authors: Hirooka Masashi , Koizumi Yohei , Tanaka Takaaki , Sunago Kotarou , Nakamura Yoshiko , Yukimoto Atsushi , Watanabe Takao , Yoshida Osamu , Tokumoto Yoshio , Abe Masanori , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimLiver stiffness measured using transient elastography (TE) is affected by tissue viscosity. The role of intrahepatic lymphatic fluid in liver stiffness is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of lymphatic vessel dilatation on liver stiffness.MethodsPatients with chronic liver disease (n = 116) were enrolled from June 2018 to March 2020. All specimens were acquired by laparoscopic liver biopsy. Biopsy samples were stained with D2‐40 for lymphatic vessel quantification based on a five‐point scale for each specimen. Independent associations of liver stiffness measured by TE, strain elasticity (liver fibrosis index), and controlled attenuation parameter with fibrosis, lymphatic vessels, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, and steatosis were evaluated.ResultsFibrosis, splenic stiffness measurement, and splenic volume were significantly correlated with the area of lymphatic vessels. Fibrosis, lymphatic vessels, and alanine aminotransferase were independent factors significantly associated with liver stiffness measurement (LSM; standardized coefficient [β] = 0.375, P < 0.001; β = 0.342, P < 0.001; and β = 0.359, P < 0.001, respectively). Fibrosis was the only independent factor significantly associated with liver fibrosis index (β = 0.360, P < 0.001), whereas the fat deposit area was the only independent factor significantly associated with controlled attenuation parameter (β = 0.455, P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for diagnosing controlled ascites based on LSM, liver fibrosis index, splenic stiffness measurement, collagen proportionate area, and area of lymphatic vessels were 0.94, 0.66, 0.76, 0.64, and 0.79, respectively.ConclusionsLymphatic vessel dilatation can affect liver stiffness measured using TE. Liver stiffness measurement is a predictive factor for ascites.
The role of CD8 T cells in controlling HIV beyond the antigen‐specific face
Authors: Zhang C , Hu W , Jin JH , Zhou MJ , Song JW , Deng JN , Huang L , Wang SY , Wang FS 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesUnderstanding the determinants of HIV immune control is important for seeking viable HIV prevention, treatment and curative strategies. The antigen‐specific roles of CD8 T cells in controlling primary HIV infection have been well documented, but their abilities to control the latent HIV reservoir is less well studied.MethodsThe scientific literature on this issue was searched on PubMed.ResultsRecent reports have demonstrated that CD8 T cells are also involved in the control of viral replication in HIV‐infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, based on accumulating evidence, the antiviral role of CD8 T cells in ART patients may not be achieved via an antigen‐specific manner as HIV‐specific CD8 T cells can sense, but not effectively eliminate, cells harbouring intact provirus without first being activated. Our recent study indicated that virtual memory CD8 T cells, a semi‐differentiated component of CD8 T cells, may be involved in the mechanism restraining the HIV DNA reservoir in ART patients.ConclusionsIn this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of CD8 T cells in controlling HIV, highlighting differences between conventional antigen‐specific and innate‐like CD8 T cells. A better understanding of the roles of CD8 T cells during HIV infection should benefit the informed design of immune‐based treatment strategies.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide induces intermittent viraemia in HIV‐infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Li JH , Ma J , Kang W , Wang CF , Bai F , Zhao K , Yao N , Liu Q , Dang BL , Wang BW , Wei QQ , Kang WZ , Sun YT 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of chidamide to reverse HIV‐1 latency in vivo and to compare the effects of four clinically tested histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on non‐histone proteins in vitro.MethodsParticipants received chidamide orally at 10 mg twice weekly for 4 weeks while maintaining baseline antiretroviral therapy. The primary outcome was plasma viral rebound during chidamide dosing and the secondary outcomes were safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, changes in cell‐associated HIV‐1 RNA and HIV‐1 DNA, and immune parameters. Western blotting was used to compare the in vitro effects of the four HDAC inhibitors on HSP90, NF‐κB and AP‐1.ResultsSeven aviraemic participants completed eight oral doses of chidamide, and only grade 1 adverse events were observed. Cyclic increases in histone acetylation were also detected. All participants showed robust and repeated plasma viral rebound (peak viraemia 147–3850 copies/mL), as well as increased cell‐associated HIV‐1 RNA, during chidamide treatment. Furthermore, we identified an enhanced HIV‐1‐specific cellular immune response and a modest 37.7% (95% CI: 12.7–62.8%, P = 0.028) reduction in cell‐associated HIV‐1 DNA. Compared with the other three HDAC inhibitors, chidamide had minimal cytotoxicity in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations and showed mechanistically superior effects on non‐histone proteins, including HSP90, NF‐κB and AP‐1.ConclusionsChidamide safely and vigorously disrupts HIV‐1 latency in vivo, which makes it a promising latency‐reversing agent.
The study of joint order batching and picker routing problem with food and nonfood category constraint in online‐to‐offline grocery store
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Yanfang , Zhang Xueyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrder picking is the process of retrieving products from the storage locations to meet customer orders, which accounts for more than 55% of the total warehouse cost. The joint order batching and picker routing problem (JOBPRP) is an effective way to improve picking efficiency. Although many warehouses face the physical constraints of products that have impact on the picking sequence, such as weight, size, shape, and fragility, JOBPRP with such physical constraints has not been widely studied in the literature. This paper is inspired by a practical case observed in an online‐to‐offline grocery store in China, where food products should not be carried under nonfood products in the picking container to maintain food safety, called category constraint. Therefore, JOBPRP with category constraint is studied. The JOBPRP optimization models with and without category constraint are formulated to minimize the total processing time, and the modified seed algorithms, with new seed addition rules and modified near‐optimal routing methods are proposed to solve the models. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated in different seed addition rules, routing methods, sort time scenarios, and storage assignment strategies (SASs) in a case study. We found that considering category constraint in JOBPRP can reduce the total processing time, and the modified seed algorithms perform better than the traditional first‐come‐first‐serve benchmark algorithms and the seed algorithms with traditional seed addition rules and S‐shape routing method. The SASs where nonfood and food products are separately in fewer number of zones are recommended.
India Hypertension Control Initiative—Hypertension treatment and blood pressure control in a cohort in 24 sentinel site clinics
Authors: Kaur Prabhdeep , Kunwar Abhishek , Sharma Meenakshi , Mitra Jhilam , Das Chinmoyee , Swasticharan Leimapokpam , Chakma Tapas , Dipak Bangar Sampada , Venkatasamy Vettrichelvan , Dharamsoth Raviteja , Purohit Saurabh , Tayade Sadhana , Singh Gurinder B , Bitragunta Sailaja , Durgad Kiran , Das Bidisha , Dar Sunil , Bharadwaj Rupali , Joshi Chakshu , Bharadwaj Vishwajit , Khedkar Suhas , Chenji Sravan , Reddy Sravan K , Sreedhar Chintala , Parasuraman Ganeshkumar , Kasiviswanathan Savitha , Viswanathan Vidhya , Uike Pankaj , Gaigaware Pooja , Yadav Suniti , Dhaliwal RS , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Tullu Fikru T , Bhargava Balram 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) is a multi‐partner initiative, implementing and scaling up a public health hypertension control program across India. A cohort of 21,895 adult hypertension patients in 24 IHCI sentinel site facilities in four Indian states (Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Telangana), registered from January 2018 until June 2019 were assessed at baseline and then followed up for blood pressure (BP) control and antihypertensive medication use. Among all registrations, 11 274 (51%) of the patients returned for a follow‐up visit between July 2019 and September 2019. Among patients returning for follow‐up, 26.3% had BP controlled at registration, and 59.8% had BP controlled at follow‐up (p < .001). The absolute improvement in BP control was more than two times greater in primary care (48.1 percentage point increase) than secondary care facilities (22.9 percentage point increase). Most IHCI patients received prescriptions according to state‐specific treatment protocols. This study demonstrates that a scalable public health hypertension control program can yield substantial BP control improvements, especially in primary care settings. However, high loss to follow‐up limits population health impact; future efforts should focus on improving systems to increase the likelihood that patients will return to the clinic for routine hypertension care.
How families matter for health inequality during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Thomeer Mieke Beth , Yahirun Jenjira , Colón‐López Alejandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe theorize that the social conditions surrounding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have the potential to increase the importance of families for health and widen existing inequalities. We suggest three primary tenets important for understanding families and health during COVID‐19. First, risks of specific COVID‐19 outcomes and other health problems are unevenly distributed across families. Second, how families impact health during the COVID‐19 pandemic is conditional on public policies, organizational decisions, and concurrent events. Third, many health inequalities driven by racism, sexism, classism, and other oppressive societal forces are amplified during COVID‐19, but the extent to which this is occurring is shaped by families and by the public policies, organizational decisions, and concurrent events that also impact families and health. As health disparities continue to emerge from this pandemic, we call on researchers and policymakers to pay attention to the multiple ways that families matter.
Risk factors associated with disturbances of calcium homeostasis after initiation of a phosphate‐restricted diet in cats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tang Pak‐Kan , Geddes Rebecca F. , Chang Yu‐Mei , Jepson Rosanne E. , Bijsmans Esther , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDietary phosphate restriction improves survival in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, feeding a phosphate‐restricted diet may disrupt calcium homeostasis leading to hypercalcemia in some cats.ObjectivesTo identify risk factors associated with increasing plasma total calcium (tCa) concentration after transition to a phosphate‐restricted diet and to explore its role in CKD‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) in cats.AnimalsSeventy‐one geriatric (≥9 years) euthyroid client‐owned cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 to 3 azotemic CKD.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional cohort study. Changes in plasma tCa concentration in the first 200 days of diet transition were assessed using linear regression. Binary logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for increasing calcium concentration. Changes in clinicopathological variables associated with CKD‐MBD over time were explored using linear mixed model and generalized linear mixed model analyses.ResultsLower baseline plasma potassium (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19 per 0.1 mmol/L decrease;P= .003) and phosphate (OR = 1.15 per 0.1 mmol/L decrease;P= .01) concentrations remained independent risk factors for increasing plasma tCa concentration. Plasma creatinine (β= .069 ± .029 mg/dL;P= .02), symmetric dimethylarginine (β= .64 ± .29 μg/dL;P= .03), phosphate (β= .129 ± .062 mg/dL;P= .04), and ln[FGF23] (β= .103 ± .035 pg/mL;P= .004) concentrations had significantly increased rates of change in cats with increasing plasma tCa concentration over time.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceLower plasma potassium or phosphate concentrations or both at the time of transition of cats with CKD to a phosphate‐restricted diet are independently associated with increased risk of an increase in plasma tCa concentration. Increasing plasma tCa concentration is associated with progression of CKD.
Genetically modified plants are an alternative to oily fish for providing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the human diet: A summary of the findings of a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council funded project
Authors: West A. L. , Miles E. A. , Lillycrop K. A. , Napier J. A. , Calder P. C. , Burdge G. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present primarily in oily fish, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are important components of cell membranes and that are needed for normal development and cell function. Humans have very limited capacity for EPA and DHA synthesis from α‐linolenic acid and so they must be obtained pre‐formed from the diet. However, perceived unpalatability of oily fish and fish oil concerns about contamination with environmental pollutants, dietary choices that exclude fish and animal products, and price limit the effectiveness of recommendations for EPA and DHA intakes. Moreover, marine sources of EPA and DHA are diminishing in the face of increasing demands. Therefore, an alternative source of EPA and DHA is needed that is broadly acceptable, can be upscaled and is sustainable. This review discusses these challenges and, using findings from recent nutritional trials, explains how they may be overcome by seed oils from transgenic plants engineered to produce EPA and DHA. Trials in healthy men and women assessed the acute uptake and appearance in blood over 8 hours of EPA and DHA from transgenic Camelina sativa compared to fish oil, and the incorporation of these PUFA into blood lipids after dietary supplementation. The findings showed that postprandial EPA and DHA incorporation into blood lipids and accumulation in plasma lipids after dietary supplementation was as good as that achieved with fish oil. The oil derived from this transgenic plant was well tolerated. This review also discusses the implications for human nutrition, marine ecology and agriculture.
Determinants of concern about falling in adults with age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: White Ursula E , Black Alex A , Delbaere Kim , Wood Joanne M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prevalence and level of concern about falling (CF) among older people with vision impairment due to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) compared to a visually normal control group, and to identify determinants of CF for the AMD group.MethodsParticipants included 133 older people: 77 with AMD (mean age = 80.5 ± 6.2 years), and 56 controls (mean age = 75.4 ± 5.3 years). Binocular visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and visual fields were measured, and CF was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale – International (FES‐I). Data were also collected for sensorimotor function (postural sway, sit‐to‐stand, knee extensions, walking speed, proprioception), and neuropsychological function (reaction time, symptoms of anxiety and depression) using validated tests and scales.ResultsConcern about falling scores were higher for AMD participants compared to control participants (mean ± S.D. 24.6 ± 8.0 vs 21.6 ± 5.7,p = 0.02, respectively), although these findings failed to reach significance when adjusted for age (p = 0.16). Among AMD participants, multivariable models showed that greater CF was associated with reduced contrast sensitivity (p = 0.02), slower sit‐to‐stand times (p < 0.001) and higher anxiety scores (p < 0.001); these factors explained 40% of the variance in CF (p < 0.01).ConclusionLevels of CF in older people with AMD were not found to be elevated by their disease status alone, but rather by the extent of vision loss. Levels of CF in those with AMD were associated with various visual, sensorimotor and neuropsychological factors. These findings will assist clinicians in identifying those at greatest risk of developing high CF and inform the design of future intervention programmes for this population.
Neuropsychological outcome in refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder treated with anterior capsulotomy including repeated surgery
Authors: Krámská Lenka , Urgošík Dušan , Liščák Roman , Hrešková Lucia , Skopová Jaroslava 
Published: December 2020

AimAnterior capsulotomy (AC) is one of the last therapeutic options for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) refractory to conservative treatments. Several forms of cognitive dysfunction have been identified after assessment of neuropsychological outcomes in OCD patients; however, few studies focused on cognitive changes in OCD patients after surgery. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of AC on cognitive performance and mood status in patients with refractory OCD.MethodsA total of 12 patients underwent bilateral AC between 2012 and 2019 at our institution. The patients (n = 12, female : male 5:7; mean age 39.7 years; duration ≥5 years) were assessed before and 6 months after intervention. The diagnosis of treatment‐refractory OCD was based on recommended criteria for surgical treatment. Patients were assessed using a neuropsychological battery and questionnaires focused on anxiety–depressive symptomatology. The Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was administered as a measure of severity of OCD symptoms.ResultsWe detected a significant decrease of OCD, and anxiety and depressive symptomatology assessed by Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory (P < 0.05) 6 months after AC in eight patients, and a partial decrease in four patients. Four patients underwent repeated AC with more pronounced improvement achieved after the first procedure. We did not detect decline in cognitive performance in any patients, but did find better visual memory performance (P < 0.05).ConclusionAC reduced OCD and anxiety–depressive symptoms, and did not appear to influence cognitive performance, even after repeated surgery.