bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of cryopreserved platelets in a trauma‐induced hemorrhage model
Authors: Kleinveld Derek J.B. , Sloos Pieter H. , Noorman Femke , Maas M. Adrie W. , Kers Jesper , Rijnhout Tim W.H. , Zoodsma Margreet , Hoencamp Rigo , Hollmann Markus W. , Juffermans Nicole P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCryopreserved platelet products can be stored for years and are mainly used in military settings. Following thawing, cryopreserved platelets are activated, resulting in faster clot formation but reduced aggregation in vitro, rendering their efficacy in bleeding unknown. Also, concerns remain on the safety of these products. The aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of cryopreserved platelets in a rat model of traumatic hemorrhage.Study Design and MethodsAfter 1 hour of shock, rats (n = 13/group) were randomized to receive a balanced transfusion pack (1:1:1 red blood cell:plasma:platelet) made from syngeneic rat blood, containing either liquid stored platelets or cryopreserved platelets. Primary outcome was the transfusion volume required to obtain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 60 mmHg. Secondary outcomes were coagulation as assessed by thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) and organ failure as assessed by biochemistry and histopathology.ResultsThe transfusion volume to obtain a MAP of 60 mmHg was lower in animals receiving cryopreserved platelets (5.4 [4.1‐7.1] mL/kg) compared to those receiving liquid stored platelets (7.5 [6.4‐8.5] mL/kg, p < 0.05). ROTEM® clotting times were shorter (45 [41‐48] vs. 49 [45‐53]sec, p < 0.05), while maximum clot firmness was slightly lower (68 [67‐68] vs. 69 [69‐71]mm, p < 0.01). Organ failure was similar in both groups.ConclusionsUse of cryopreserved platelets required less transfusion volume to reach a targeted MAP compared to liquid stored platelets, while organ injury was similar. These results provide a rationale for clinical trials with cryopreserved platelets in (traumatic) bleeding.
What goes around comes around: The effects of sanctions on Swedish firms in the wake of the Ukraine crisis
Authors: Gullstrand Joakim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study uses the sanctions imposed on and by Russia in 2014 as an exogenous shock on Swedish firms. The results suggest that the total short‐run cost of these sanctions on the Swedish economy amounted to around 1 billion SEK in 2013 prices, which implies a rather limited impact (around 0.025% of the Swedish GDP). The sanction effects were, however, highly asymmetric, and the direct effect on firms exporting banned products to Russia was a 70% drop in exports to Russia and an increased probability of exiting this market with 0.6 units. The indirect effects on nonbanned products were a 36% drop in sales and an increased probability of exiting of around 0.2 units. The disruption on the Russian market also created ripple effects outside this market, which was manifested in a 20% drop in the domestic production of banned products, a 12% drop in sales on markets outside Russia and a new export pattern. These negative ripple effects were also found to be pronounced in firms with their core products exposed to these sanctions, in firms with financial distress and in regions with a relatively low level of labour productivity.
How trade and investment agreements affect bilateral foreign direct investment: Results from a structural gravity model
Authors: Kox Henk L. M. , Rojas‐Romagosa Hugo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe employ a structural gravity approach to analyse the impact of preferential trade agreements (PTAs), bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and other policies on bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI). We use the UNCTAD global database on bilateral FDI stocks and flows. To control for the heterogeneous nature of PTAs, we employ two different indicators of PTA depth. We find that on average signing a PTA increases bilateral FDI stocks by around 30%. Nevertheless, we also find that ‘deeper’ or comprehensive PTAs (e.g., including provisions on investment, public procurement and intellectual property rights provisions) do not have a significantly different impact than signing regular PTAs. Belonging to the EU single market, on the other hand, has a strong impact and increases bilateral FDI by around 135%, and signing a BIT has an effect that is comparable to signing a PTA.
Repeatable and objective method for evaluating angiogenesis using real‐time RT‐PCR of endoglin expression in canine tumours
Authors: Kimura Mayu , Yamasaki Masahiro , Satoh Hiroshi , Uchida Naohiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnti‐angiogenic therapy is a cancer treatment strategy targeting new blood vessel formation. Microvessel density (MVD) is a histopathological method for evaluating angiogenesis and endoglin is used as an activated endothelial marker in human medicine. The assessment of the treatment effect using MVD is difficult because it is a non‐repeatable method. To develop a repeatable method for evaluating angiogenesis, we investigated correlations among MVD, mRNA transcription levels of endothelial markers and angiogenesis factors, and confirmed the agreement of mRNA transcription levels between tissue samples and small samples obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA). The various types of spontaneous tumours were collected from 51 dogs. MVD was assessed by immunostaining for von Willebrand factor (vWF). mRNA transcription levels of vWF, endoglin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR2) were analysed using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR). There were significant correlations between MVD and mRNA transcription levels of vWF, endoglin and VEGFR2. VEGFR2 was more strongly correlated with endoglin (P <.01, Rs = 0.649) than vWF (P <.01, Rs = 0.512), indicating that angiogenesis can be evaluated more accurately by the measurement of mRNA transcription levels of endoglin. The mRNA transcription levels in tissue and FNA samples were strongly correlated, suggesting that evaluating angiogenesis using FNA samples is possible. In conclusion, we developed a repeatable and objective method for angiogenesis evaluation using mRNA transcription levels of endothelial markers by FNA sampling.
Body surface area calculation for dogs and cats using LiDCO and PICCO monitors
Authors: Ricco Pereira Carolina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac output, stroke volume, and measurement of other hemodynamic parameters can be useful in the management of critical patients. Given the broad size disparity of veterinary patients, the raw values can vary widely. Their indexed values, however, allow for quick assessment of hemodynamic status and a more standardized target setting by the veterinary care team. Monitors such as lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) and pulse contour cardiac output (PICCO) can display and record the data using indexed values as long as the correct body surface area (BSA) is used. In people, the BSA is calculated using the DuBois formula by entering the patient's weight and height; however, it does not apply to animals because the equivalent relationship is not represented by this formula. Given that the hemodynamic monitors are manufactured for use in human patients, the calculations need to the adapted for veterinary use. As such, the Dubois formula has been rearranged to calculate an assumed height to be entered in the monitor software along with the patient's weight. Once the information is entered, a correct BSA will be calculated by the monitor, and indexed data will be readily available for analysis.Key findingsTables with the calculated heights for dogs and cats were generated. The weights and calculated heights were computed into the LiDCO and PICCO monitors for verification, and the correct BSAs were displayed as a result.SignificanceThe information supplied here allows clinicians and researchers to quickly input patient data into the hemodynamic monitor and obtain indexed data. Indexed data facilitates advanced hemodynamic monitoring by standardizing targets (goal‐directed therapy) and allowing for quicker comparison between patients. The table could be used with any monitor that utilizes the DuBois formula for BSA calculation, but the resulting BSA should be validated before proceeding with hemodynamic monitoring.
Preventing Stress‐Related Ill Health Among New Registered Nurses by Supporting Engagement in Proactive Behaviors—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Frögéli Elin , Rudman Ann , Ljótsson Brjánn , Gustavsson Petter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNew registered nurses (RNs) are at risk of developing symptoms of stress‐related ill health.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a 3 × 3 hour group intervention aiming to prevent symptoms of stress‐related ill health among new RNs by increasing engagement in proactive behaviors. The intervention involves discussions and models of newcomer experiences and stress and the behavior change techniques reinforcing approach behaviors, systematic exposure, and action planning.DesignA randomized parallel group trial with an active control condition.ParticipantsThe study sample consisted of 239 new RNs participating in a transition‐to‐practice program for new RNs in a large county in Sweden.MethodsParticipants were randomized to either the experimental intervention or a control intervention. Data on experiences of stress, avoidance of proactive behaviors, engagement in leisure activities, role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance were collected before and after the intervention. Effects were evaluated using multilevel model analysis and regression analysis. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation.ResultsThe control group experienced a statistically significant increase in experiences of stress during the period of the study (t(194.13) = 1.98, p = .049), whereas the level in the experimental group remained stable. Greater adherence to the intervention predicted a greater effect on experiences of stress (β = −0.15, p = .039) and social acceptance (β = 0.16, p = .027).Linking Evidence to ActionTransition‐to‐practice programs may benefit from adding an intervention that specifically addresses new RNs’ experiences of stress to further support them as they adjust to their new professional role. However, replication studies with larger samples, more reliable measures, and longer periods of follow‐up are needed.
Sitting decreases endothelial microparticles but not circulating angiogenic cells irrespective of lower leg exercises: a randomized cross‐over trial
Authors: Evans William S. , Hanson Erik D. , Shill Daniel D. , Landers‐Ramos Rian Q. , Stoner Lee , Willey Quentin , Credeur Daniel P. , Prior Steven J. 
Published: June 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What are the cellular and molecular determinants of increased risk for cardiovascular disease from prolonged sitting?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Prolonged sitting, independent of calf raise interruption strategies, decreases microparticle counts linked to endothelial activation and apoptosis. An acute bout of prolonged sitting appears to promote paradoxical decreases in microparticle counts, but the implications are not yet clear.

AbstractRepeated exposure to prolonged sitting increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. However, the cellular links by which repeated exposure to prolonged sitting lead to increased cardiovascular risk have not been fully elucidated, with markers of vascular damage and repair such as microparticles (MPs) and circulating angiogenic cell (CACs) being promising targets. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of 3 h of sitting with or without intermittent calf raises on annexin V+/CD34+, annexin V+/CD62E+, and annexin V+/CD31+/42b− MP populations linked to CAC paracrine activity, endothelial activation and apoptosis, respectively, as well as CD14+/31+, CD3+/31+, and CD34+ CACs, which are linked to endothelial repair. In a random order, 20 sedentary participants (14 females, 22 ± 3 years) remained seated for 180 min with or without performing 10 calf raises every 10 min. Blood samples were obtained after 20 min of quiet rest in the supine position before and after sitting. Overall, sitting decreased annexin V+/CD34+ MPs (−12 ± 5 events µl−1, P < 0.01), annexin V+/CD62E+ MPs (−17 ± 4 events µl−1, P < 0.001), and annexin V+/CD31+/42b− MPs (−22 ± 6 events µl−1, P < 0.001) regardless of condition. There were no differences in endothelin‐1 plasma concentration, CD14+/31+, CD34+ or CD3+/31+ CAC frequencies. Sitting did not alter CAC number, but decreased MPs linked to endothelial activation, apoptosis and CAC paracrine activity in a manner that was independent of muscle contraction. These findings support changes in markers of endothelial activation and apoptosis with sedentary behaviour and provide new insights into altered intercellular communication with physical inactivity such as prolonged sitting.
AMP‐activated protein kinase activator AICAR attenuates hypoxia‐induced murine fetal growth restriction in part by improving uterine artery blood flow
Authors: Lane Sydney L. , Houck Julie A. , Doyle Alexandrea S. , Bales Elise S. , Lorca Ramón A. , Julian Colleen G. , Moore Lorna G. 
Published: June 2020

Key points
Pregnancy at high altitude is associated with a greater incidence of fetal growth restriction due, in part, to lesser uterine artery blood flow.
AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation vasodilates arteries and may increase uterine artery blood flow.
In this study, pharmacological activation of AMPK by the drug AICAR improved fetal growth and elevated uterine artery blood flow.
These results suggest that AMPK activation is a potential strategy for improving fetal growth and raising uterine artery blood flow in pregnancy, which may be important in pregnancy disorders characterized by uteroplacental ischaemia and/or fetal hypoxia.
AbstractUteroplacental hypoxia is associated with pregnancy disorders such as intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia, which are characterized by uteroplacental ischaemia and/or fetal hypoxia. Activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in vasodilatation and is therefore a potential therapeutic strategy for restoring uteroplacental perfusion in pregnancy disorders. In this study, C57Bl/6 mice were treated with subcutaneous pellets containing vehicle, the AMPK activator AICAR (200 mg kg−1 day−1), or the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 mg kg−1 day−1) beginning on gestational day 13.5, and were exposed to hypoxia starting on gestational day 14.5 that induced intrauterine growth restriction. Pharmacological AMPK activation by AICAR partially prevented hypoxia‐induced fetal growth restriction (P < 0.01), due in part to increased uterine artery blood flow (P < 0.0001). The proportion of total cardiac output flowing through the uterine artery was increased with AICAR in hypoxic mice (P < 0.001), suggesting that the vasodilator effect of AICAR was selective for the uterine circulation. Further, pharmacological inhibition of AMPK with Compound C reduced uterine artery diameter and increased uterine artery contractility in normoxic mice, providing evidence that physiological levels of AMPK activation are necessary for vasodilatation in healthy pregnancy. Two‐way ANOVA analyses indicated that hypoxia reduced AMPK activation in the uterine artery and placenta, and AICAR increased AMPK activation in these tissues compared to vehicle. These findings provide support for further investigation into the utility of pharmacological AMPK activation for treatment of fetal growth restriction.
Data-Driven Methods for the Analysis of Wind Turbine Yaw Control Optimization
Authors: Astolfi Davide , Castellani Francesco , Natili Francesco 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Multi-megawatt wind turbines are nowadays a mature technology, and therefore, there is considerable scientific and industrial attention to the opportunity of further improving the efficiency of wind kinetic energy conversion into electricity. One of the major developments in this field of research regards the optimization of wind turbine control. This work deals with a test case of yaw control optimization on a 2-MW wind turbine sited in Italy. The objective of the work is to compute the performance improvement provided by the upgrade after some months of operation. This has been accomplished through the formulation of an appropriate model for the power of the wind turbine of interest and the analysis of the residuals between model estimates and measurements before and after the upgrade. In this work, a general procedure for selecting a robust multivariate linear model is adopted, and the resulting model, employing as input variables several operational variables from the nearby wind turbines in the farm, is used for quantifying the performance improvement. The estimate is that this upgrade provides a 0.8% improvement of the annual energy production.
Recent Advances in Thermal Metamaterials and Their Future Applications for Electronics Packaging
Authors: Kim Jae Choon , Ren Zongqing , Yuksel Anil , Dede Ercan M. , Bandaru Prabhakar R. , Oh Dan , Lee Jaeho 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Thermal metamaterials exhibit thermal properties that do not exist in nature but can be rationally designed to offer unique capabilities of controlling heat transfer. Recent advances have demonstrated successful manipulation of conductive heat transfer and led to novel heat guiding structures such as thermal cloaks, concentrators, etc. These advances imply new opportunities to guide heat transfer in complex systems and new packaging approaches as related to thermal management of electronics. Such aspects are important, as trends of electronics packaging toward higher power, higher density, and 2.5D/3D integration are making thermal management even more challenging. While conventional cooling solutions based on large thermal-conductivity materials as well as heat pipes and heat exchangers may dissipate the heat from a source to a sink in a uniform manner, thermal metamaterials could help dissipate the heat in a deterministic manner and avoid thermal crosstalk and local hot spots. This paper reviews recent advances of thermal metamaterials that are potentially relevant to electronics packaging. While providing an overview of the state-of-the-art and critical 2.5D/3D-integrated packaging challenges, this paper also discusses the implications of thermal metamaterials for the future of electronic packaging thermal management. Thermal metamaterials could provide a solution to nontrivial thermal management challenges. Future research will need to take on the new challenges in implementing the thermal metamaterial designs in high-performance heterogeneous packages to continue to advance the state-of-the-art in electronics packaging.
Long-term follow-up of cystinosis patients treated with 0.55% cysteamine
hydrochloride
Authors: Liang Hong , Labbé Antoine , Baudouin Christophe , Plisson Celine , Giordano Vincenzo 
Published: June 2020

Background/Aims
Cystinosis is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder causing defective
transport of cystine out of lysosomes. Cystadrops (0.55% cysteamine
hydrochloride in viscous solution) has been used on a named-patient basis to
treat the accumulation of cystine crystals in the cornea in patients with
cystinosis.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of the Temporary Authorisation for Use cohort of
130 patients who received Cystadrops between 2013 and 2017 in France.

Results
Patients received an average dosage of 3.3 (±0.94) instillations per eye
per day. Over the duration of follow-up, of up to 45 months, patients
maintained visual acuity scores of 0.0, which approximated normal. Corneal
cystine crystal scores tended to decrease over time, stabilising after around
27 months between 1.22 and 1.87. Photophobia decreased within 3 months,
stabilising on scores of around 1.5 and 1.7. 47 non-serious adverse reactions
were reported, which were generally transient irritation, stinging or blurred
vision. Four serious adverse events were reported, including keratitis and
corneal ulcer, but these may have been caused by the underlying
disease.

Conclusion
This large safety cohort confirms the efficacy, safety and tolerability of
Cystadrops in real-world clinical practice.
Comparison of intravitreal dexamethasone implant and anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion-induced oedema: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Ming Shuai , Xie Kunpeng , Yang Mingzhu , He Huijuan , Li Ya , Lei Bo 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents in the treatment of macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).Data sourcesPubMed, Cochrane Library andClinicalTrials.govregistry were searched from inception to 10 December 2019, without language restrictions.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world observation studies comparing the efficacy of DEX implant and anti-VEGF agents for the treatment of patients with RVO, naïve or almost naïve to both arms, were included.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted data for mean changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST) and product safety. Review Manager V.5.3 and GRADE were used to synthesise the data and validate the evidence, respectively.ResultsFour RCTs and 12 real-world studies were included. An average lower letter gain in BCVA was determined for the DEX implant (mean difference (MD) = −6.59; 95% CI −8.87 to −4.22 letters) administered at a retreatment interval of 5–6 months. Results were similar (MD6 months=−12.68; 95% CI −21.98 to −3.37 letters; MD12 months=−9.69; 95% CI −12.01 to −7.37 letters) at 6 and 12 months. The DEX implant resulted in comparable or marginally less CST reduction at months 6 and 12 but introduced relatively higher risks of elevated intraocular pressure (RR=3.89; 95% CI 2.16 to 7.03) and cataract induction (RR=5.22; 95% CI 1.67 to 16.29). Most real-life studies reported an insignificant numerical gain in letters for anti-VEGF drugs relative to that for DEX implant. However, the latter achieved comparable efficacy with a 4-month dosage interval.ConclusionCompared with anti-VEGF agents, DEX implant required fewer injections but had inferior functional efficacy and safety. Real-life trials supplemented the efficacy data for DEX implant.