bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Introduction of Arabic Philosophy into Europe
Authors: Koshul Basit B. 
Published: December 2020

During the first three decades of this century, a lively debateemerged in western academic circles regarding the extent of theArab-Islamic influence on western civilization. Certain scholarsrejected the idea that the West had been influenced in any significantmanner by the classical Arab-Islamic civilization (ninth to twelfthcenturies CE). Barnes, in The Intellectual History of Mankind, arguesthat there is nothing in Islamic teachings or history that encouragedthe pursuit of learning and scholarship. Thus, he claimed, one cannotspeak of any "Islamic contribution" to western civilization. Sevier, inhis The Psychology of the Mussa/man, goes further and argues thatone cannot even speak of an "Arab" civilization, because all of theknowledge and scholarship produced in the classical age of Islamwere due to Syrian, Jewish, Hindu, and Persian efforts. It naturallyfollows that all talk of any Arab influence on the West is superfluous.Other scholars presented counterarguments and took the positionthat the Arab-Islamic influence on western civilization was very significant.Briffault, in The Making of Humanity, credits classical Islamicscholarship with producing the intellectual concepts and methods thatwere the indispensable preludes to the European renaissance. Sarton,in his Introduction to the History of Science, argues that the impact ofHindu and Chinese cultures on the West can be totally disregardedwithout seriously impairing one's ability to understand the postmedievalprogress of the West. But if the Arab-Islamic impact were tobe discounted, then the story of this progress would become confusedand unintelligible ...
THE SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF JIHAD IN ECONOMICS
Authors: El-Ansary Waleed 
Published: December 2020

To the question of what are the foremost things a man should do,situated as he is in this world of enigmas and fluctuations, thereply must be made that there are four things to be done or fourjewels never to be lost sight of: first, he should accept the Truth;second, bear it continually in mind; third, avoid whatever is contraryto Truth and the permanent consciousness of Truth; andfourth, accomplish whatever is in conformity therewith. All religionand all wisdom is reducible, extrinsically and from thehuman standpoint, to these four laws: enshrined in every traditionis to be observed an Immutable Truth, then a law of “attachmentto the Real,” of “remembrance” or “love” of God, andfinally prohibitions and injunctions.The ultimate motivating cause for homo Islamicus is not happiness or“utility,” but the Truth. For although happiness accompanies confomityto the Truth, it is an effect rather than a motivating cause. As FrithjofSchuon states, “our willing is not insphd by our desires alone, fundamentallyit is inspired by the truth, and this is independent of our immediateinterests.”* Islamic economics recognizes the need for homo Islamicus to conform to the Truth that God is the Absolute and that allthat is relative is attached to the Absolute by integrating all of life arounda Sacred Center. Accordingly, this realizes the meaning of the funda-mental witnesses (shahadatayn)-‘’There is no divinity but Allah” and“Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ...
Beyond the Post-Modern Mind
Authors: Abu-Rabi Ibrahim M. 
Published: December 2020

What can an accomplished Western theologian and philosopher offerto modern Islamic thought‘! Is there a need for the contemporary Muslimintelligentsia to learn from outside sources? And, if "a conscious and intellectualdefence must be made of the Islamic tradition,” does it mean that Muslimshave to live in a state of mental inertia vis-i-vis the impressive Western traditionin philosophy, theology, and other humanistic and social sciences? Finally,what are the intellectual dangers of borrowing from a Western heritage whichis diffuse in nature, and which is not free from ideology most of the time?Would we be accused of eclecticism and a lack of historicism?Undoubtedly, a major North African philosopher like Abdallah Laroui would dismiss the whole theological project of Islam and Christianity, oreven the whole theoretical enterprise of comparative religion, as irrelevant,ahistorical, anti-intellectual, nxluctionist, and obstructionist. The same attitudeis shared by not a small number of Arab and Muslim social scientists whoconsider metaphysics a fading religious pastime that should have been drivenaway from the human mental endeavor long before Kant appeared on thescene. This orientation is sociologically developed by Bassam Tibi in hisrecent book entitled The Crisis of Modem Islam: A Reindustrial Culturein the Scientific-Technological Age, where he argues that the only viableapproach to Islam in the modern wrld is the sociological method. Therefore,his aim is not to study the spiritual, philosophical, and social manifestationsof Islam in today‘s world, but to understand it, “as it is incorporated intoreality as a fait social-that is, a social fact.”Metaphysics and the Search for a Methodin Religious StudiesProkssor Huston Smith, who sees the validity of the argument that religionis a social fact, argues that the religious question is primarily metaphysical.Thus he offers a “synthetic construct” of religion: metaphysical and social.Put differently, Smith maintains that, transcendentally speaking, religion isa priori and universal; whereas socially spealung, religion is subject to diversityand particularism. It is when we understand his “synthetic argument” thatwe begin to unravel his conceptual concerns: Smith is troubled by the modernphilosophical assertion that truth is made and not found ...
Revisiting the stable structure of the Cu4 complex in silicon
Authors: Fujimura Takayoshi , Shirai Koun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of Cu-containing silicon has a sharp zero-phonon (ZP) band at 1.014 eV, whose center called CuPL has the local symmetry C
3v
. Recent studies of experiment and theory revealed that the CuPL center is attributed to the Cu(s)Cu3(i) complex, which is composed of three interstitial Cu(i) atoms around a substitutional Cu(s) atom. This complex (called C-type) has the desired symmetry. However, in this study, we show that the lowest-energy structure is different. The tetrahedral structure Cu4, called T-type, has the lowest energy, with the value being 0.26 eV lower than that of C-type. Between these two types, there is an energy barrier of 0.14 eV, which allows C-type to exist in a metastable state. Details of the electronic properties of the T-type complex are reported, by comparing with C-type and other isovalent complexes. Whereas the Cu4 tetrahedron is incorporated in silicon in a manner compatible with the tetrahedral network, it also has its own molecular orbitals that exhibit metallic characteristics, in contrast to other complexes. The ZP of the PL spectrum is likely ascribed to the backflow mode of the Cu4 tetrahedron.
The Representations and Implications of Gender Stereotypes Portrayed in Three Selected TV Advertisements Shown In Bangladesh: a Critical Interpretation
Authors: Shafi Saheeh 
Published: December 2020

This paper aims at a precise critical interpretation of gender roles portrayed in the three selected TV advertisements shown in Bangladesh. The analysis begins with the theoretical framework of gender roles analysis here in this paper: Goffman's Gender Stereotypes Hypothesis which is used to identify and analyse the thematic features present in the ads. After critically examining the hypothesis, Kress and Van Leeuwen's Systemic Functional Analysis framework is used to analyse the semiotic feature to interpret the signs and symbols. After that, Fairclough's stylistic analysis of Discourse Analysis is used to find out these features in the advertisements to search the cultural, political implications. Lastly, the paper uses Pope's The Rape of the Lock and it's Cultural-Ecofeminist Analysis of Francois d'Eaubonne to connect with the above mentioned frameworks from a contextual point of view to predict the future progression of the gender representations and their implications in the coming years whether the changes in gender roles both in houses and workplaces, women empowerment, more female entrepreneurs in the working forces will bring out about a change in the minds of people about the stereotypes and make a more women inclusive and women friendly environment in Bangladesh and South Asian Countries.
A TRAMA DE UM SEQUESTRO: BEL CANTO, DE ANN PATCHETT
Authors: Guilherme Alvina Lucia , Pinheiro Alexandra Santos 
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo, analisamos o romance Bel Canto 2005 [2001], de Ann Patchett, buscando compreender o processo de ficcionalização de um acontecimento histórico. Ao analisarmos historicamente os fatos, foi-nos possível vislumbrar os mecanismos artísticos que auxilaram sobremaneira para a criação da ficcionalização da invasão da embaixada japonesa no Peru. A metodologia utilizada para desenvolver a pesquisa tem cunho bibliográfico. Bastos (2007), Certeau (1992), Compagnon (2003), Esteves (1998), Lima (2006), Silva (2012), Trouche (2006) dentre outros, são alguns dos teóricos e estudiosos que orientaram a análise. Ao final, verificamos que ao ficcionalizar o sequestro na embaixada japonesa no Peru, Ann Patchett propõe uma trama em que sobressai a partilha de identidades múltiplas no contexto latino-americano.
Palavras-chave: Bel Canto, Literatura, Peru.
Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot Survey for Resolved Companions of Galactic Cepheids: Final Results*

†
Authors: Evans Nancy Remage , Günther H. Moritz , Bond Howard E. , Schaefer Gail H. , Mason Brian D. , Karovska Margarita , Tingle Evan , Wolk Scott , Engle Scott , Guinan Edward , Pillitteri Ignazio , Proffitt Charles , Kervella Pierre , Gallenne Alexandre , Anderson Richard I. , Moe Maxwell 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cepheids in multiple systems provide information on the outcome of the formation of massive stars. They can also lead to exotic end-stage objects. This study concludes our survey of 70 galactic Cepheids using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) with images at two wavelengths to identify companions closer than 5″. In the entire WFC3 survey we identify 16 probable companions for 13 Cepheids. The 7 Cepheids having resolved candidate companions within 2″ all have the surprising property of themselves being spectroscopic binaries (as compared with a 29% incidence of spectroscopic binaries in the general Cepheid population). This is a strong suggestion that an inner binary is linked to the scenario of a third companion within a few hundred astronomical units. This characteristic is continued for more widely separated companions. Under a model where the outer companion is formed first, it is unlikely that it can anticipate a subsequent inner binary. Rather, it is more likely that a triple system has undergone dynamical interaction, resulting in one star moving outward to its current location. Chandra and Gaia data as well as radial velocities and HST/STIS and IUE spectra are used to derive properties of the components of the Cepheid systems. The colors of the companion candidates show a change in distribution at approximately 2000 au separations, from a range including both hot and cool colors for closer companions, to only low-mass companions for wider separations.
Une réponse coordonnée du système de santé sous l’impulsion de l’État fédéral
Authors: Kahmann Marcus 
Published: December 2020

L’Allemagne résiste relativement bien aux ravages de la pandémie. La crise sanitaire est l’occasion de révéler les importants moyens « proactifs » du système de santé, mais met aussi au jour des difficultés à les faire fonctionner. Si ces dernières n’ont pas produit davantage de dégâts sanitaires, c’est aussi parce que le fédéralisme a su faire preuve de sa capacité de coordination. Craignant que le système ne résiste pas à une deuxième vague, l’État fédéral injecte d’importants moyens financiers afin de sur-monter les faiblesses d’ordre social et industriel.
Après le choc initial, des ressources renouvelées pour le système sanitaire, en attendant une réforme plus ambitieuse ?
Authors: Tognetti Bordogna Mara , Polillo Battista Roberto , Mallet Jean-Olivier 
Published: December 2020

Premier pays européen touché par la pandémie de Covid-19, l’Italie a dû faire face à la crise en s’appuyant sur un système de santé affaibli par des coupes budgétaires après la grande récession de 2008-2009, et aux moyens variables selon les Régions. Les tensions entre l’État central, responsable en cas d’urgence sanitaire, et les Régions, en charge de l’organisation de soins, ont pu entraver les réponses à la pandémie. L’adoption rapide de mesures d’exception (décrets Cura Italia et Rilancio) a permis néanmoins de renforcer temporairement les moyens financiers et humains du système national de santé en prévision d’une seconde vague épidémique, et le choc traumatique de l’épidémie de ressusciter l’intérêt pour une réforme sanitaire ambitieuse.
Entre émotion et raison, une mise à l’épreuve de l’animalisme
Authors: Houdayer Hélène 
Published: December 2020

Nous proposons une lecture du mouvement animaliste à partir de ses fondements éthiques : la fin de la souffrance animale, l’égalité entre les espèces, la libération des bêtes du joug humain. Cela nous conduit à envisager un ensemble de mouvements sociaux dont celui porté par les antispécistes, associés à des pratiques de terrain. De nouvelles sensibilités, source de divergences entre les acteurs, se dessinent et nous conduisent à nous interroger sur les dimensions de notre humanité. Les relations avec les animaux peuvent-elles nous en apprendre davantage sur le rapport nature/culture ? La rationalité des acteurs est mise à l’épreuve par les sentiments inhérents à la cause, permettant de dégager des formes ambivalentes au sein du mouvement animaliste.
L’aide alimentaire en temps de Covid
Authors: Le Méner Erwan , Guénée Lorraine , Macchi Odile 
Published: December 2020

À Paris, la crise sanitaire et le confinement ont modifié la carte des distributions alimentaires et aggravé la situation des ménages vivant d’emplois précaires et durement touchés par l’inactivité contrainte. Mais les guichets de l’aide alimentaire ont également accueilli des personnes que les intervenants sociaux n’avaient pas repérées auparavant. S’agit-il pour autant de « nouveaux publics » ? Et parmi ces pauvres, la part des populations immigrées, que l’on sait importante en temps normal, a-telle évolué ? L’Observatoire du Samusocial a mené l’enquête.
L’Ardhis : lutte d’expert·es en faveur des étrangers et étrangères LGBT ?
Authors: Bécasse Julien , Cesaro Sebastiano , Chossière Florent 
Published: December 2020

L’Association pour la reconnaissance des droits des personnes homosexuelles et trans à l’immigration et au séjour (Ardhis) est l’un des acteurs incontournables de la défense des droits des étrangers et étrangères LGBT en France. Composée d’une soixantaine de militant·es, elle s’appuie sur une expertise technique : un ensemble de savoirs et savoir-faire spécifiques et un mode d’action au cœur des pratiques militantes 1 .
Le Comité des Houillères face aux syndicats ouvriers, entre stratégie d’évitement et influence parlementaire (année 1880-1914)
Authors: Philippe Aurélie 
Published: December 2020

À la fin du xix e siècle, les mineurs reprochent aux compagnies minières de régir toute leur vie. Pour se faire entendre, ils fondent une organisation syndicale dont les revendications sont portées au Parlement et se transforment en propositions de lois soumises au vote des deux Chambres. Cette activité parlementaire entraîne une levée de boucliers des industriels qui s’unissent et fondent le Comité des Houillères en 1887. Cette organisation patronale naissante refuse dès le départ de négocier en tant que représentant de la profession avec les syndicats ouvriers. Celle-ci met en place une stratégie d’évitement, laissant les exploitants trouver des accords avec les syndicats de mineurs au niveau régional, et aidant les compagnies minières à résister aux actions ouvrières par une caisse anti-grève. Tout comme le syndicat de mineurs, le Comité des Houillères tente d’intervenir dans l’élaboration des lois minières, notamment celles sur la journée de huit heures, ou sur la lutte contre l’ankylostome.
Protéger les personnes les plus vulnérables au travail ? Quand la Belgique s’invite dans les débats parlementaires français : à propos de la loi du 2 novembre 1892 sur « le travail des enfants, des filles et des femmes dans les établissements industriels »
Authors: Lekéal Farid 
Published: December 2020

La question sociale en Belgique fait l’objet de nombreuses références dans les débats parlementaires français ayant précédé la promulgation de la loi du 2 novembre 1892 sur le travail des enfants, des filles et des femmes dans les établissements industriels, d’autant que la Belgique peut se prévaloir d’une certaine antériorité dans ce domaine depuis l’adoption de la loi du 13 décembre 1889 concernant le travail des femmes, des adolescents et des enfants dans les établissements industriels. La situation faite aux travailleurs de l’industrie en Belgique suscite l’intérêt des parlementaires des régions frontalières du nord de la France et de ceux qui pensent pouvoir tirer argument de l’état de la législation sociale du royaume, soit pour œuvrer à retarder, soit, au contraire, pour tenter de précipiter l’adoption de dispositions spécifiques destinées à protéger une partie de la main-d’œuvre que son âge ou son sexe prédisposerait à une plus grande vulnérabilité. Cet article se propose de saisir, à travers les interventions des députés et sénateurs publiées dans le Bulletin de l’inspection du travail , les éléments qui contribuent à forger l’image du royaume de Belgique en matière sociale, et d’essayer d’interroger les ressorts qui contribuent à cette représentation. Cette revue, fondée en 1893 par le ministère du Commerce, de l’Industrie et des Colonies a pour vocation de diffuser « tous les actes officiels et tous les documents et travaux divers se rattachant à la réglementation du travail, à l’hygiène et à la sécurité des ateliers ».
L’humour, une couche d’époxy sur le plafond de verre ?
Authors: Patry Catherine 
Published: December 2020

Quand on analyse la littérature scientifique, un constat s’impose : l’humour devrait être utilisé dans toutes les organisations. Or, bien que les hommes et les femmes ne le pratiquent pas de la même façon, on recense peu d’études sur le recours à l’humour par les leaders féminins en entreprise. Cette question est même quasi totalement absente du discours managérial.
Torture: banality of evil or radical evil?
Authors: Dutra Delamar José Volpato 
Published: December 2020

The text aims to explore legal and moral aspects of torture. Under the legal aspect the text compares three definitions of torture: UN definition, Brazilian definition, and Spanish definition. In this regard, neither the UN formulation nor the Brazilian formulation are ideal, because the Brazilian legal definition restricts the element of action by the part of the perpetrator of torture, and the UN convention restricts the effect on the victim, given that pain or suffering should be severe. The hypothesis is that a better proposal could be linked to the Spanish Penal Code, which in its art. 174 defines torture as the submission of someone “to conditions or procedures that, due to their nature, duration or other circumstances, involve physical or mental suffering, the suppression or decrease of their faculties of knowledge, discernment or decision, or that otherwise undermine their moral integrity”. Concerning the moral meaning of the repulse to torture it is intended to defend the paradigmatic character of the human right to not be tortured in at least two respects. The first aspect refers to its universalizing vocation in the full sense, since it can be extended to all sentient beings. In this regard, the prohibition of torture goes beyond the dominium of personality to advance in the direction of a domain of suffering not determined by the mask of personality. The second aspect is that the prohibition stands for an absolute right with no exceptions, precisely because of its deeper moral content.Keywords:radical evil, torture, perpetrator.
Post-enucleation Retinoblastoma
Authors: Al-Kofide Amani , Alkatan Hind M. , Khafaga Yasser , Siddiqui Khawar , Jafri Rafat , Ayas Mouhab , AlMesfer Saleh A 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The aim is to assess if International Classification for Retinoblastoma (ICRB) and American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System (AJCC) for patients with advanced Retinoblastoma (RB) who underwent enucleation correlated in predicting the successful outcome of chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
Medical records of fifty-eight pediatric patients (age ≤14 years) who underwent enucleation at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, and treated post enucleation at KFSH and RC from 2012 to 2016 were reviewed.

Results:
RB was unilateral in 30 (51.7%), bilateral in 26 (44.8%) and trilateral in 2 (3.4%). One (1.7%) had metastatic disease. Sixty-one enucleation was performed on 58 patients; unilateral in 55 (94.8%) and bilateral in the 3 (5.2%) cases. Disease was ICRB Group E in 43 (70.5%), Group D in 11 (18.0%), Group C and A in 3 (4.9%) each, and Group B in 1 (1.6%) at diagnosis (P < 0.001). The median age at diagnosis was the highest in Group E compared to other groups (P = 0.254). All patients received chemotherapy. Nine (18.8%) patients classified as Group D or E as per the ICRB classification turned out to be pT1 or pT2a (low-risk), while one classified as Group C was of stage pT1. Probability of 5-year overall survival for the whole cohort was 93.0% (±4.0%); 94.5% (±3.8%) for Group E (2 mortalities) and 80.0% (±17.9%) for Stage D with one event of mortality (P: 0.972).

Conclusion:
Older children presented with ICRB Group E. Group E eyes had a high pTNM risk group than Group D. ICRB tends to correlate with pTNM. The ICRB classification is essential for decision making on enucleation; however, AJCC pTNM classification plays a pivotal role in deciding on postenucleation adjuvant treatment.
A Descriptive Study of HRCT Findings In Adult Female Patients with Covid 19 Infection
Authors: Wagh Dr. Suma , Wagh Dr. Dhananjay , Pande Dr. Siddharth , Patel Dr. Dhananjay 
Published: December 2020

ON NOVEMBER 2019, a new Corona virus pneumonia had just taken roots. It happened as a result of interspecies transmission COVID-19 from a mammalian species, likely a bat, to humans. This virus was first found in clusters in Wuhan, China after which it spread all over the world at a very fast pace having worldwide humanitarian and economic repercussions. HRCT has become the mainstay of radiological investigations in this pandemic and often showed diagnostic accuracy before the onset of clinical manifestations. Few studies have tried to establish a correlation between the outcome of COVID 19 and gender. Studies found that the severity of the illness was more and clearance of SARS-CoV-2 virus was less in males as compared to females.1 Hence it is of utmost importance to study the pattern of lung involvement on HRCT in female patients to aid the researchers and clinicians in further understanding of the etiopathogenesis. Thus this study was conducted to look for specific and also unusual patterns of radiological findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in females if any.