bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of non-exercise cardiorespiratory fitness prediction equations in apparently healthy adults
Authors: Peterman James E , Whaley Mitchell H , Harber Matthew P , Fleenor Bradley S , Imboden Mary T , Myers Jonathan , Arena Ross , Kaminsky Leonard A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsA recent scientific statement suggests clinicians should routinely assess cardiorespiratory fitness using at least non-exercise prediction equations. However, no study has comprehensively compared the many non-exercise cardiorespiratory fitness prediction equations to directly-measured cardiorespiratory fitness using data from a single cohort. Our purpose was to compare the accuracy of non-exercise prediction equations to directly-measured cardiorespiratory fitness and evaluate their ability to classify an individual's cardiorespiratory fitness.MethodsThe sample included 2529 tests from apparently healthy adults (42% female, aged 45.4 ± 13.1 years (mean±standard deviation). Estimated cardiorespiratory fitness from 28 distinct non-exercise prediction equations was compared with directly-measured cardiorespiratory fitness, determined from a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Analysis included the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure to compare estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with directly-measured cardiorespiratory fitness, Pearson product moment correlations, standard error of estimate values, and the percentage of participants correctly placed into three fitness categories.ResultsAll of the estimated cardiorespiratory fitness values from the equations were correlated to directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness (p &lt; 0.001) although the R2 values ranged from 0.25–0.70 and the estimated cardiorespiratory fitness values from 27 out of 28 equations were statistically different compared with directly-measured cardiorespiratory fitness. The range of standard error of estimate values was 4.1–6.2 ml·kg−1·min−1. On average, only 52% of participants were correctly classified into the three fitness categories when using estimated cardiorespiratory fitness.ConclusionDifferences exist between non-exercise prediction equations, which influences the accuracy of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness. The present analysis can assist researchers and clinicians with choosing a non-exercise prediction equation appropriate for epidemiological or population research. However, the error and misclassification associated with estimated cardiorespiratory fitness suggests future research is needed on the clinical utility of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness.
Prognostic relevance of GRACE risk score in Takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Scudiero Fernando , Arcari Luca , Cacciotti Luca , De Vito Elena , Marcucci Rossella , Passaseo Ilaria , Limite Luca Rosario , Musumeci Maria Beatrice , Autore Camillo , Citro Rodolfo , Bossone Eduardo , Sanna Giuseppe D , Bacchi Beatrice , Volpe Massimo , Di Mario Carlo , Parodi Guido 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Takotsubo syndrome is an increasingly recognised cardiac condition that clinically mimics an acute coronary syndrome, but data regarding its prognosis remain controversial. It is currently unknown whether acute coronary syndrome risk scores could effectively be applied to Takotsubo syndrome patients. This study aims to assess whether the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score can predict clinical outcome in Takotsubo syndrome and to compare the prognosis with matched acute coronary syndrome patients.

Methods:
A total of 561 Takotsubo syndrome patients was included in this prospective registry. According to the GRACE score, the population was divided into quartiles. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoints were cardiocerebrovascular events (a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, recurrence of Takotsubo syndrome and stroke).

Results:
The median GRACE risk score was 139±27. Takotsubo syndrome patients with a higher GRACE risk score mostly have a higher rate of physical triggers and lower left ventricular ejection fraction on admission. During long-term follow-up, all-cause mortality rates were 5%, 11%, 12% and 22%, respectively, in the first, second, third and fourth quartile (P&lt;0.001). After multivariate analysis, the GRACE risk score was found to be a strong predictor of all-cause mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–2.20; P=0.001) and cardiocerebrovascular events (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.26–2.11; P=0.001). Moreover, all-cause mortality in Takotsubo syndrome patients was comparable with the matched acute coronary syndrome cohort.

Conclusion:
In Takotsubo syndrome, the GRACE risk score allows us to predict all-cause mortality and cardiocerebrovascular events at long-term follow-up.
Assessment of the Readability, Adequacy, and Suitability of Online Patient Education Resources for Benign Vascular Tumours Using the DISCERN Instrument
Authors: Huynh Minh N.Q. , Hicks Katie E. , Malic Claudia 
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study aims to assess the quality and readability of Internet-based patient resources for vascular tumours in order to understand which areas require improvement. Methods: A World Wide Web search was performed, in addition to a literature review using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Any material that contained information on vascular tumours pertaining to patient education was included. We evaluated resources with DISCERN and Flesch Reading Ease scores when applicable. The language of publication was restricted to English and French. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018087885). Results: A total of 117 online resources were screened, with 73 resources included in the final analysis. The overall DISCERN rating for the patient resources was 1.8 (0.8). The majority of online resources failed to depict the entire spectrum of benign vascular tumours. The mean Flesch score was 36 (19), which translates to a college-level readability. Conclusion: The majority of resources were not adequate or comprehensive and were written at a much higher level than the average reader would be expected to comprehend.
Interrupted Nutrition Support in Patients With Burn Injuries: A Single-Centre Observational Study
Authors: Coutris Nancy , Gawaziuk Justin P. , Cristall Nora , Logsetty Sarvesh 
Published: October 2019

Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) is essential to meet the increased metabolic requirements of burn-injured patients. However, feeds are often suspended for care. This study examines the interruptions in EN (IEN). Objective: To determine the frequency and duration of IEN and whether these interruptions are predictable or unpredictable. Design: This retrospective chart review of 27 adult burn patients examined age, sex, body mass index, percentage of total body surface area, length of hospital stay, predicted energy requirements from equations and indirect calorimetry, EN start time, time EN reached goal rate, and interruptions to EN. Results: Predictable interruptions accounted for 74.5% (frequency) and 81.6% (duration) of total interruptions. The most frequent and time-consuming interruptions were perioperative period, extubation, and tests/procedures (predictable) versus high gastric residual volume, emesis/nausea, and feeding tube displacement (unpredictable). Conclusions: Most IEN were due to predictable events. Based on these findings, compensating for predictable interruptions to meet nutritional requirements in burn patients is recommended.
Hip arthroscopy-assisted reduction and fixation for femoral head fracture dislocations: Clinical and radiographic short-term results of seven cases
Authors: Hsu Shan-Ling , Chen Chung-Yang , Ko Jih-Yang , Hsu Chi-Hsiang , Liu Hao-Chen , Lu Yu-Der 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Femoral head fracture dislocations are serious articular fractures that are associated with soft tissue injuries and are challenging to treat. Arthroscopic surgery may be a way to treat fracture reduction and fixation, thereby avoiding the need for extensive arthrotomy. Methods: We followed up a consecutive series of seven patients with femoral head fracture dislocation via a scope-assisted percutaneous headless screw fixation between 2016 and 2017. The clinical and radiological results were assessed. Results: The locations of the fracture were all involving infra-foveal area. The mean follow-up duration was 18 (range 12–24) months. The mean Harris hip score was 90.8 (range 88–93) at the latest follow-up. None of the patients showed early osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, or avascular necrosis. The average maximal displacement of the fracture site was improved from preoperative 6.79 mm (range 4.21–12.32) to postoperative 2.76 mm (range 0.97–3.97). Concomitant intra-articular hip lesions secondary to traumatic hip dislocation can also be treated. Conclusion: Managing the infra-foveal fracture of the femoral head using arthroscopic reduction and fixation with headless screws can be a safe and minimally invasive option. More patients and longer follow-up are needed for a definite conclusion.
Functional Outcomes and Complications Following Pectoralis Major Tendon Allograft Reconstruction in a Military Population
Authors: Nute Drew W. , Kusnezov Nicholas , Waterman Brian R. 
Published: October 2019

Background: There are limited data available regarding outcomes following pectoralis major tendon (PMT) reconstruction with allograft. Purpose: To evaluate the functional outcomes and complication profile following PMT reconstruction with allograft in a military population. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All active duty military personnel who underwent PMT allograft reconstruction between 2008 and 2013 were identified. Demographics, injury characteristics, and surgical technique were recorded from the electronic medical record. Self-reported pain scores and manual strength were evaluated pre- and postoperatively, as recorded in physician electronic medical record notes, in addition to the ability and degree to which each patient was able to return to function. Standardized outcome measures included the Bak criteria; visual analog scale for pain; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score; and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Complications, including rerupture and reoperation, were additionally recorded. Results: Nine male patients (mean ± SD age, 35.7 ± 5.8 years) underwent allograft PMT reconstruction. Mean improvement in self-reported pain score at a mean 53.5 months (range, 31.1-110.9 months) was 2.1 ± 1.3 points ( P = .08). Improvements in manual strength during forward flexion (0.5 ± 0.7; P = .03), adduction (0.6 ± 0.6; P = .01), and internal rotation (0.5 ± 0.7; P = .03) were significant. Seven patients (78%) returned to full preinjury level of occupational function, and 88% returned to performing the bench press, although maximum weight decreased by a self-reported mean of 141.3 lb. According to the Bak criteria, 5 (56%) patients had excellent outcomes, 2 (22%) had fair outcomes, and 2 (22%) had poor outcomes. Mean visual analog scale for pain (1.9 ± 2.8), DASH (10.8 ± 17.4), ASES (88.1 ± 20.3), and SF-36 scores (96.3% ± 6.9%) were obtained for the 8 patients available at final follow-up. Complications included 2 cases (22%) of persistent shoulder pain leading to military separation, 1 rerupture (11%), and 1 (11%) surgical scar revision. Conclusion: While allograft reconstruction is a reliable option to decrease pain and improve function in patients with tears not amenable to primary repair, patients should be educated about the risk profile and fitness limitations after surgery.
Physiological effects of visual stimulation with full-scale wall images composed of vertically and horizontally arranged wooden elements
Authors: Nakamura Masashi , Ikei Harumi , Miyazaki Yoshifumi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wood is a raw material that is used not only in the production of structural members for various buildings, but also in the interior finishes that are directly seen and touched by the occupants. Wood has also been recognized as a human-friendly material, but few studies have experimentally confirmed the physiological benefits it brings to humans. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the physiological effects of visual stimulation with wood. Two types of full-scale square, wooden-wall images composed of vertically or horizontally arranged lumber, were prepared using computer graphics and projected onto a large display to create the visual stimuli, and a gray image was also prepared as a control. Twenty-eight female Japanese university students participated in the study. The participants initially spent 60 s viewing the gray background (rest period) and then observed each of the wooden-wall images and the gray image separately in a random order for 90 s each. During the visual stimulation, the oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration as an indicator of prefrontal brain activity and heart rate variability as an indicator of autonomic nervous activity were continuously measured in each participant. Subjective evaluation of each visual stimulus was then performed using a modified semantic differential method and the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition test. It was found that visual stimulation with either of the wooden interior wall images induced a significant decrease in oxy-Hb concentration in the left and right prefrontal cortex compared with the gray image. Furthermore, the subjective evaluation showed that the wooden-wall images provided a significantly more “comfortable,” “relaxed,” and “natural” impression than the gray image and decreased the negative mood states, with the vertically arranged wooden-wall image having a more positive effect than the horizontally arranged image.
GRP78 regulates milk biosynthesis and the proliferation of bovinemammaryepithelial cells through the mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Xuemei , Zhen Zhen , Yu Yanbo , Qiu Youwen , Xiang Wensheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the HSP70 protein family and a key endoplasmic reticulum chaperone. It has been revealed to play important roles both in the maturation, folding and transport of proteins and in cellproliferation. However, its involvement in milk biosynthesis or the proliferation of bovine primary mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) has yet to be established.MethodsThe expressions of GRP78 in BMECs stimulated with methionine, leucine, estrogen and prolactin were determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. To explore the function of GRP78 in BMECs, the protein was overexpressed or knocked down, respectively using an overexpression vector or an siRNA mixture transfected into cells cultured in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell proliferation and cell activity. The contents of lactose and triglyceride (TG) secreted from the treated BMECs were measured using lactose and TG assay kits, respectively. Western blotting analysis was used to measure the β-casein content and the protein levels of the signaling molecules known to be involved in milk biosynthesis and cell proliferation.ResultsGRP78overexpression significantly stimulated milk protein and milk fat synthesis, enhanced cell proliferation, positively regulated the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and increased the amount of protein of cyclinD1andsterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). GRP78 knockdown after siRNA transfection had the opposite effects. We further found that GRP78 was located in the cytoplasm of BMECs, and that stimulating methionine, leucine, estrogen and prolactin expression led to a significant increase in the protein expression of GRP78 in BMECs.ConclusionsThese data reveal that GRP78 is an important regulator of milk biosynthesis and the proliferation of BMECs through the mTOR signaling pathway.
African Americans in evolutionary science: where we have been, and what’s next
Authors: Graves Joseph L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 2017 National Science Foundation data revealed that in the United States the professional biological workforce was composed of ~ 69.5% “whites”, 21.3% “Asians”, and only 3% “African American or Blacks” (National Science Foundation, 2017, https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/doctoratework/2017/html/sdr2017_dst_03.html). There are problems with the categories themselves but without too deep an investigation of these, these percentages are representative of the demography of biology as a whole over the latter portion of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century. However, evolutionary biologists would argue (and correctly so) that the representation of persons of African descent in our field is probably an order of magnitude lower (0.3%). This commentary focuses on the factors that are associated with underrepresentation of African Americans in evolutionary science careers.
Psychometric properties of the geriatric quality of life-dementia in older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment living in nursing homes
Authors: Park Eun-Young , Park Seon-Min , Kim Jung-Hee 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Given the theoretical and methodological limitations, there is insufficient knowledge about the psychometric properties and internal structure of quality of life (QOL) measurements for patients with dementia living in nursing homes. The present study aimed to confirm the validity and reliability of the Geriatric Quality of Life-Dementia scale (GQOL-D) to measure the QOL of patients with dementia in nursing homes and analyze their QOL based on the validated GQOL-D factor structure.

Methods
The GQOL-D was used to assess QOL. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment from six nursing homes in two cities. In order to confirm the validity and factor structure of the scale, both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were employed. An independent t-test and a one-way analysis of variance were performed to examine the difference in the QOL across general characteristics.

Results
The original factor model was not appropriate to assess the QOL of dementia patients living in nursing homes because the models did not show adequate fit indices. The results support a two-factor structure: environmental and personal factors. Our findings suggest that the internal consistency and construct validity of the proposed two-factor model are adequate, and the GQOL-D is a useful tool for assessing the QOL of dementia patients living in nursing homes.

Conclusions
This factor structure model of environmental and personal aspects is a useful theoretical framework for designing and evaluating interventions for people with dementia and providing integrated person-centered care for people with dementia in nursing homes.
Molecular characterization of hepatitis C virus in liver disease patients in Botswana: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhebhe Lynnette , Anderson Motswedi , Souda Sajini , Choga Wonderful T. , Zumbika Edward , Shaver Zachary M. , Mbangiwa Tshepiso , Phinius Bonolo B. , Banda Chabeni C. , Melamu Pinkie , Musonda Rosemary M. , Essex Max , Blackard Jason T. , Moyo Sikhulile , Gaseitsiwe Simani 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease globally. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) have proven effective in curing HCV. However, the current standard of care (SOC) in Botswana remains PEGylated interferon-α (IFN-α) with ribavirin. Several mutations have been reported to confer resistance to interferon-based treatments. Therefore, there is a need to determine HCV genotypes in Botswana, as these data will guide new treatment guidelines and understanding of HCV epidemiology in Botswana.

Methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional pilot study utilizing plasma obtained from 55 participants from Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. The partial core region of HCV was amplified, and genotypes were determined using phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Four genotype 5a and two genotype 4v sequences were identified. Two significant mutations – K10Q and R70Q – were observed in genotype 5a sequences and have been associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while R70Q confers resistance to interferon-based treatments.

Conclusion
Genotypes 5a and 4v are circulating in Botswana. The presence of mutations in genotype 5 suggests that some patients may not respond to IFN-based regimens. The information obtained in this study, in addition to the World health organization (WHO) recommendations, can be utilized by policy makers to implement DAAs as the new SOC for HCV treatment in Botswana.
Paranasal sinus air suction for immediate pain relief of acute migraine – a randomized, double blind pilot study
Authors: Bandara S. M. R. , Samita S. , Kiridana A. M. , Ralapanawa D. M. P. U. K. , Herath H. M. M. T. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Migraine is a primary headache disorder, which cause significant disability in adolescence. This double blind, randomized clinical trial assessed the immediate effects of suction of paranasal sinus air during an acute migraine episode.

Methods
A randomized, double blind study was conducted with 56 selected Sri Lankan school children of 16–19 years of age. Participants who met International Headache Society criteria for migraine (with or without aura) were included in the study. Subjects were randomly allocated into 2 groups where one group was subjected to three intermittent 10 sec paranasal air suctions with a ten sec suction free interval between two suctions for each nostril and the other group was subjected to placebo air suction (no paranasal air suction) in similar arrangement. Severity of headache and sub–orbital tenderness before and after suction were recorded using standard pain rating scale.

Results
After dropouts, treated and placebo groups consisted of 27 and 23 subjects respectively. The mean headache pain score drop in the treated group was significantly higher compared to that of the control group. Moreover, there was a difference in the treatment response between the types of headache (with or without aura). With respect to tenderness there was a statistically significant drop in the treated group compared to the control. In general, airflow rates in left and right nostrils were different in these subjects. However such difference was not seen in the tenderness on two sides. Nevertheless it was revealed that airflow rate has a slight negative correlation with the tenderness irrespective of the side.

Conclusion
Sixty–second paranasal air suction can provide an immediate pain relief for acute migraine in adolescents. We did not assess pain outcomes beyond 60 s, but the initial responses suggests the need to further study the efficacy of paranasal suction in migraine. A further study is suggested to evaluate the acute effects, efficacy and side effects of paranasal air suction using follow up over a prolong period.

Trial registration
Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry SLCTR/2017/018, 29 Jun 2017. Retrospectively registered.