bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modelling of Alternative Pathway of Complement System
Authors: Bakshi Suruchi , Cunningham Fraser , Nichols Eva-Maria , Biedzka-Sarek Marta , Neisen Jessica , Petit-Frere Sebastien , Bessant Christina , Bansal Loveleena , Peletier Lambertus A. , Zamuner Stefano , van der Graaf Piet H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe complement system (CS) is an integral part of innate immunity and can be activated via three different pathways. The alternative pathway (AP) has a central role in the function of the CS. The AP of complement system is implicated in several human disease pathologies. In the absence of triggers, the AP exists in a time-invariant resting state (physiological steady state). It is capable of rapid, potent and transient activation response upon challenge with a trigger. Previous models of AP have focused on the activation response. In order to understand the molecular machinery necessary for AP activation and regulation of a physiological steady state, we built parsimonious AP models using experimentally supported kinetic parameters. The models further allowed us to test quantitative roles played by negative and positive regulators of the pathway in order to test hypotheses regarding their mechanisms of action, thus providing more insight into the complex regulation of AP.
Automated White Matter Hyperintensity Segmentation Using Bayesian Model Selection: Assessment and Correlations with Cognitive Change
Authors:   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Fiford Cassidy M. , Sudre Carole H. , Pemberton Hugh , Walsh Phoebe , Manning Emily , Malone Ian B. , Nicholas Jennifer , Bouvy Willem H , Carmichael Owen T. , Biessels Geert Jan , Cardoso M. Jorge , Barnes Josephine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccurate, automated white matter hyperintensity (WMH) segmentations are needed for large-scale studies to understand contributions of WMH to neurological diseases. We evaluated Bayesian Model Selection (BaMoS), a hierarchical fully-unsupervised model selection framework for WMH segmentation. We compared BaMoS segmentations to semi-automated segmentations, and assessed whether they predicted longitudinal cognitive change in control, early Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI), late Mild Cognitive Impairment (LMCI), subjective/significant memory concern (SMC) and Alzheimer’s (AD) participants. Data were downloaded from the Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Magnetic resonance images from 30 control and 30 AD participants were selected to incorporate multiple scanners, and were semi-automatically segmented by 4 raters and BaMoS. Segmentations were assessed using volume correlation, Dice score, and other spatial metrics. Linear mixed-effect models were fitted to 180 control, 107 SMC, 320 EMCI, 171 LMCI and 151 AD participants separately in each group, with the outcomes being cognitive change (e.g. mini-mental state examination; MMSE), and BaMoS WMH, age, sex, race and education used as predictors. There was a high level of agreement between BaMoS’ WMH segmentation volumes and a consensus of rater segmentations, with a median Dice score of 0.74 and correlation coefficient of 0.96. BaMoS WMH predicted cognitive change in: control, EMCI, and SMC groups using MMSE; LMCI using clinical dementia rating scale; and EMCI using Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (p < 0.05, all tests). BaMoS compares well to semi-automated segmentation, is robust to different WMH loads and scanners, and can generate volumes which predict decline. BaMoS can be applicable to further large-scale studies.
Optimal Regularity for Two-Dimensional Pfaffian Systems and the Fundamental Theorem of Surface Theory
Authors: Litzinger Florian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe prove that a Pfaffian system with coefficients in the critical space $$L^2_\mathrm {loc}$$

L
loc
2

on a simply connected open subset of $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

has a non-trivial solution in $$W^{1,2}_\mathrm {loc}$$

W
loc

1
,
2

if the coefficients are antisymmetric and satisfy a compatibility condition. As an application of this result, we show that the fundamental theorem of surface theory holds for prescribed first and second fundamental forms of optimal regularity in the classes $$W^{1,2}_\mathrm {loc}$$

W
loc

1
,
2

and $$L^2_\mathrm {loc}$$

L
loc
2

, respectively, that satisfy a compatibility condition equivalent to the Gauss–Codazzi–Mainardi equations. Finally, we give a weak compactness theorem for surface immersions in the class $$W^{2,2}_\mathrm {loc}$$

W
loc

2
,
2

.
Überlebenskünstler mit sozialen und kommunikativen Fähigkeiten
Authors: Treuner-Lange Anke , Søgaard-Andersen Lotte 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMyxobacteria display complex social behaviours including formation of multicellular, spore-filled fruiting bodies. Recent research provided fascinating insights into the processes underlying these social behaviours, including intra- and intercellular signalling, motility and its regulation, and cell cycle control. These analyses also show that Myxobacteria are a rich source for the discovery of novel molecular and cellular mechanisms. VAAM (Association for General and Applied Microbiology) therefore chose Myxococcus xanthus as the Microbe of the year 2020.
RNA-Live-Imaging in Mikroorganismen
Authors: Müntjes Kira , Feldbrügge Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRNA live imaging is a powerful technique to visualize the subcellular localization as well as highly dynamic transport of mRNAs in vivo. Established in eukaryotic microorganisms, it is now a wide-spread system used in bacteria, animals, and plants. The method is based on the binding of heterologous RNA-binding proteins to their cognate binding sites that are integrated into the mRNA of interest. Recent advances enable the visualization of transcriptional or translational sites as well as mRNA decay.
Stop and go: Oocyten auf ihrem Weg zu einer befruchtungsfähigen Eizelle
Authors: Heim Andreas , Mayer Thomas U. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFertilization, the fusion of the female and male gamete, is the initiating event for the development of any sexually-reproducing organism. The production of haploid gametes involves two consecutive meiotic divisions during which the diploid genome is reduced to half, creating four haploid cells. Here, we discuss how the interplay of dynamic protein phosphorylation and irreversible protein degradation drives meiotic cell cycle regulation in vertebrate oocytes.
Sexualdimorphismen adulter Stammzellen
Authors: Merten Madlen , Greiner Johannes F. W. , Kaltschmidt Christian , Kaltschmidt Barbara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease differ between the sexes in severity and occurrence. Next to hormons, increasing evidence suggests stem cell-intrinsic mechanisms to account for pathologic sex-specific differences. Here, we discuss such sex-related intrinsic mechanisms and sex-specific differences in adult stem cells, neuronal development and neuroprotection. The reviewed observations emphazise the importance of considering sexual dimorphisms for medical treatment strategies.
Ex vivo-Expansion von roten Blutzellen aus humanen Stammzellen
Authors: Dorn Isabel , Bernecker Claudia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe growing demand of blood products in modern medicine causes chronic limitations in blood supply. Current research focuses on the ex vivo production of red blood cells (RBCs) from different sources including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). RBC generation from iPSCs is limited by low effciency so far. Our group established a protocol that enables for higher cellular output and improved enucleation based on closer mimicking of the physiological microenvironment in which erythropoiesis occurs.
Unspezifische Peroxygenasen — Oxyfunktionalisierung außerhalb der Pilzhyphe
Authors: Scheibner Katrin , Ullrich René , Kiebist Jan , Kellner Harald , Hofrichter Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) secreted by fungi represent an intriguing enzyme type that selectively transfers peroxide-borne oxygen with high efficiency to diverse substrates including unactivated hydrocarbons. They contain a cysteine-ligated heme and catalyze hydroxylation, epoxidation, dealkylation, deacylation as well as hetero atom, halide and one-electron oxidations. Substrate spectra of UPOs resemble both those of P450 monooxygenases and heme peroxidases.
Preparedness to Implement Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Guidelines in Routine Primary Care Cancer Rehabilitation: Focus Group Interviews Exploring Rehabilitation Professionals’ Perceptions
Authors: Neher Margit , Landén Ludvigsson Maria , Enblom Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo explore primary care professionals’ perceptions of physical activity and other cancer rehabilitation practice in cancer survivors, investigating the preparedness to implement guidelines regarding cancer rehabilitation. We collected qualitative data through seven semi-structured focus group interviews with 48 rehabilitation professionals, with mean 9 years of experience in primary care rehabilitation (32 physiotherapists, 15 occupational therapists, and 1 rehabilitation assistant) in a primary care setting. Data was analyzed using content analysis. Primary care rehabilitation professionals expressed limited experience of cancer survivors, experienced lack of knowledge of cancer-related disability, and had doubts concerning how to treat cancer survivors. They also experienced uncertainty about where to find collaboration and support in the healthcare system outside their own rehabilitation clinic. There is a need to combine different implementation strategies to tackle multiple barriers for effective cancer survivor rehabilitation in primary care, to boost individual rehabilitation professionals’ knowledge and self-efficacy, to clarify roles and responsibilities for cancer rehabilitation across levels of care, and to develop and strengthen organizational bridges to provide adequate access to rehabilitation for cancer survivors.
Transplantable Liver Organoids, Too Many Cell Types to Choose: a Need for Scientific Self-Organization
Authors: Baptista Pedro M. , Penning Louis C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Liver stem cells have been proposed as alternatives or additions for whole liver transplantations to accommodate the donor liver shortage. Various sources of liver stem cells have been described in experimental animal studies. Here we aim to compare the various studies.

Recent Findings
Irrespective of the experimental design, the percentage of long-lasting survival and functional recovery of transplanted cells is generally very low. An exception to this are the proliferating hepatocytes transplanted into Fah(-/-) Rag2−/−IL2rg−/− mice; here 4-month post-transplantation around 65% repopulation was observed, and 11/14 mice survived in contrast to zero survival in sham-treated animals.

Summary
Taking the different cellular sources for the organoids, the different maturation status of the transplanted cells, and the variable animal models into account, a paper-to-paper comparison is compromised. This lack of objective comparison restricts the translation of these model studies into clinical practice.
Energy potential of a single-fracture, robust, engineered geothermal system
Authors: Danko G. , Jobbik A. , Baracza M. K. , Varga G. , Kovacs I. , Wittig V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEngineered Geothermal Systems (EGS) are promising, but high-risk targets for baseline energy generation. Technology breakthrough is needed to lower the high risks from largely unknown geologic variables and the limited control of the coolant flow field underground. A new, robust EGS (REGS) arrangement and creation technology is reviewed featuring innovative fracture opening, stabilization and permeability control. The geometry, aperture support technique and coolant fluid flow isolation system are all robustly planned and created according the inventive concept. The new elements of the REGS technology are (1) the step-by-step creation, control, and tests of hydraulic fracturing to achieve a planar wing fracture or fractures osculating along the well trajectory; (2) fracture stabilization by hardening grouting injection to create a central support island in each planar wing fracture for zonal isolation; and (3) well-fracture-well fluid circulation for geothermal energy extraction from single, or clustered planar fractures as geothermal heat exchangers. The paper reviews ongoing tests to prove the key components of the REGS geologic heat exchanger with stabilized, large fracture aperture and controlled flow zones for minimized opening pressure loss, seismicity and maximized energy extraction. Flow fields and heat transport are reviewed around zonal isolation of fracture flow by a grouted, blocking island for heat exchange. The robustness is reviewed for the step-by-step construction of a REGS. The paper reports new results from using numerical, coolant flow and heat exchange models to demonstrate the geothermal energy potential of a single REGS well drilled in hot, dry rock.
A rare case of refractory pouchitis requiring ileal J-pouch excision after total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Nishimuta Masato , Ikeda Takuto , Ichihara Akiko , Wada Takashi , Nanashima Atsushi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Pouchitis is a late-period complication after ileal pouch-anal (canal) anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Most pouchitis is controlled with the antimicrobial agents. However, some postoperative pouchitis does not respond to antimicrobial agents, and it is very difficult to treat cases of refractory and severe pouchitis.

Presentation of case:
A 66-year-old man underwent total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis 22 years ago. He repeatedly presented pouchitis over the last five years. The administration of antimicrobial agents had not been effective, and he sustainably suffered from stenosis symptoms at the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis site. Therefore, we decided to excise the diseased ileal pouch by permanent ileostomy according to technique of abdominoperineal resection. The postoperative course was uneventful, and at 6 months after resection, there was no relapse of abdominal symptoms and he reported a better quality of life.

Discussion:
The cause of pouchitis is still unknown. Oral administration of antimicrobial agents, such as metronidazole and ciprofloxacin are effective for almost pouchitis, but there are some patients of refractory pouchitis. In the cases of refractory pouchitis, the 5-ASA formulation, a steroid enema, immunomodulators, biologics, and plasma pheresis are used. But, despite attempts with these various treatments, there are rare cases that require surgical intervention to excise the diseased ileal pouch.

Conclusions:
We should consider surgical intervention for severe refractory pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal (canal) anastomosis for UC.

Highlights:
Preferences in stapes surgery among American otological society otologists
Authors: Liu Yuan F. , Gupta Avigeet , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lambert Paul R. , Jung Timothy T. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveStapes surgery is technically challenging, yet its methodology is not standardized. We aim to elucidate preferences in stapes surgery among American Otological Society (AOS) otologists and determine if any common practice patterns exist.Study designCross‐sectional study via emailed questionnaire.SettingSurgery centers.Subjects and methodsMembers of the AOS were an emailed a survey to quantify variables including surgical volume, anesthetic preference, laser use, type of procedure, footplate sealing technique, antibiotic use, and trainee participation.ResultsMost otologists (71%) performed 2 to 5 stapes surgeries per month under general anesthesia (69%) with stapedotomy (71%) as the preferred procedure. Most (56%) used the rosette method of laser stapedotomy with manual pick debris removal for footplate fenestration. Either the handheld potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser (40%) or handheld carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (33%) was used. The heat‐activated memory hook (51%) was the preferred prosthesis. Footplate sealing method was variable, as was antibiotic use among respondents. Trainee participation was limited, as 42% of otologists allowed residents to place the prosthesis, and fewer allowed residents to crimp the prosthesis, and laser or drill the footplate. Surgeons with higher surgical volume (≥ 6 surgeries per month) demonstrated the following statistically significant correlations: footplate fenestration with laser in a rosette pattern and pick for debris removal (rs = −0.365, P = 0.014) and trainee participation with fellows only (rs = 0.341, P = 0.022).ConclusionsTrends in various surgical decisions showed a lack of consensus in all aspects of stapes surgery.
Arctic River Dissolved and Biogenic Silicon Exports—Current Conditions and Future Changes With Warming
Authors: Carey Joanna C. , Gewirtzman Jonathan , Johnston Sarah Ellen , Kurtz Andrew , Tang Jianwu , Vieillard Amanda M. , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSilicon (Si) exports from terrestrial to marine systems can dictate phytoplankton species composition in Arctic coastal waters. Diatoms are often the dominant autotroph in Arctic waters, making Si an important control on Arctic marine primary productivity. Yet even as Arctic regions are among the fastest warming on Earth, we lack baseline knowledge on the magnitudes and controls of Arctic river Si exports. To address uncertainties in current and future Si behavior, we used a combination of field data and modeling to quantify daily yields of dissolved Si (DSi) and biogenic Si (BSi) from a 400 km space‐for‐time latitudinal gradient of seven basins across the boreal‐Arctic transition in Alaska (United States) over the course of 2 years (2015–2016). Mean annual DSi concentrations (33–149 μM) and yields (13–49 kmol km−2 year−1) were significantly and positively correlated with mean basin active layer depth, indicating that permafrost thaw will likely increase DSi fluxes to Arctic coastal waters. Conversely, BSi concentrations (7–16 μM) and yields (2.6–4.5 kmol km−2 year−1) were more uniform across the seven basins, indicating that warming may not substantially alter BSi loads to coastal systems in the near future. Our data also indicate that climatic warming will advance the timing of Si delivery to coastal waters in the spring, although the ratios of Si to nitrogen in Arctic river exports will likely remain steady. These results highlight the important role of basin hydrology, largely driven by permafrost extent, as a key driver of Si exchange at the land‐sea interface in the Arctic.
Characterization and Quantification of Gas Hydrates in the California Borderlands
Authors: Kannberg P. K. , Constable S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic methods are directly sensitive to electrically resistive gas hydrates and can be used to characterize and quantify hydrate deposits. Using a 1 km long deep‐towed marine electromagnetic system, six survey lines were acquired coincident with legacy seismic reflection data in the Santa Cruz Basin in the Outer California Borderlands. While the strongest seismic indicators place hydrate in the central basin, resistors inferred to be hydrate are located predominantly on the flanks of the basin, coincident with gas migration pathways such as faults and steeply dipping strata. Two features consistent with the resistivity profile from previously imaged seafloor methane seeps were also found. Resistivity is related to hydrate saturation through Archie's law, and total hydrate volume of the Santa Cruz Basin is estimated to be 980 × 109 m3 of gas in place.
Extended Cave Drip Water Time Series Captures the 2015–2016 El Niño in Northern Borneo
Authors: Ellis Shelby A. , Cobb Kim M. , Moerman Jessica W. , Partin Judson W. , Bennett A. Landry , Malang Jenny , Gerstner Hein , Tuen Andrew A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTime series of cave drip water oxygen isotopes (δ18O) provide site‐specific assessments of the contributions of climate and karst processes to stalagmite δ18O records employed for hydroclimate reconstructions. We present ~12‐year‐long time series of biweekly cave drip water δ18O variations from three sites as well as a daily resolved local rainfall δ18O record from Gunung Mulu National Park in northern Borneo. Drip water δ18O variations closely match rainfall δ18O variations averaged over the preceding 3–18 months. We observe coherent interannual drip water δ18O variability of ~3‰ to 5‰ related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with sustained positive rainfall and drip water δ18O anomalies observed during the 2015/2016 El Niño. Evidence of nonlinear behavior at one of three drip water monitoring sites implies a time‐varying contribution from a longer‐term reservoir. Our results suggest that well‐replicated, high‐resolution stalagmite δ18O reconstructions from Mulu could characterize past ENSO‐related variability in regional hydroclimate.
Link Between Autumnal Arctic Sea Ice and Northern Hemisphere Winter Forecast Skill
Authors: Acosta Navarro J. C. , Ortega P. , Batté L. , Smith D. , Bretonnière P. A. , Guemas V. , Massonnet F. , Sicardi V. , Torralba V. , Tourigny E. , Doblas‐Reyes F. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDynamical forecast systems have low to moderate skill in continental winter predictions in the extratropics. Here we assess the multimodel predictive skill over Northern Hemisphere high latitudes and midlatitudes using four state‐of‐the‐art forecast systems. Our main goal was to quantify the impact of the Arctic sea ice state during November on the sea level pressure (SLP), surface temperature, and precipitation skill during the following winter. Interannual variability of the November Barents and Kara Sea ice is associated with an important fraction of December to February (DJF) prediction skill in regions of Eurasia. We further show that skill related to sea ice in these regions is accompanied with enhanced skill of DJF SLP in western Russia, established by a sea ice‐atmosphere teleconnection mechanism. The teleconnection is strongest when atmospheric blocking conditions in Scandinavia/western Russia in November reduce a systematic SLP bias that is present in all systems.
Relating CMIP5 Model Biases to Seasonal Forecast Skill in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Ding Hui , Newman Matthew , Alexander Michael A. , Wittenberg Andrew T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examine links between tropical Pacific mean state biases and El Niño/Southern Oscillation forecast skill, using model‐analog hindcasts of sea surface temperature (SST; 1961–2015) and precipitation (1979–2015) at leads of 0–12 months, generated by 28 different models from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Model‐analog forecast skill has been demonstrated to match or even exceed traditional assimilation‐initialized forecast skill in a given model. Models with the most realistic mean states and interannual variability for SST, precipitation, and 10‐m zonal winds in the equatorial Pacific also generate the most skillful precipitation forecasts in the central equatorial Pacific and the best SST forecasts at 6‐month or longer leads. These results show direct links between model climatological biases and seasonal forecast errors, demonstrating that model‐analog hindcast skill—that is, how well a model can capture the observed evolution of tropical Pacific anomalies—is an informative El Niño/Southern Oscillation metric for climate simulations.