bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Ionospheric Delay Mapping for Low‐Latitude Environments
Authors: Marini‐Pereira L. , Lourenço L. F. D. , Sousasantos J. , Moraes A. O. , Pullen S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ionosphere in low‐latitude regions has strong dynamics reflected by unique phenomena such as the equatorial ionization anomaly and equatorial plasma bubbles. Since the ionosphere can significantly affect space‐to‐Earth technologies, notably communication systems and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), the variations in ionospheric total electron content are of great interest to the space weather community and operators of these technologies. Motived by these issues, this paper proposes a new methodology to generate ionospheric delay maps using data from a network of GNSS monitoring stations. The methodology developed is suitable for low latitudes and has low level of complexity. It is based on the thin shell model of the ionosphere and uses groupings of measurements in time and space, triangulation, linear interpolation, and smoothing. The resulting maps show detailed coverage of large‐scale phenomena, like structures of equatorial plasma bubbles, in a way that other geophysical instruments are not able to provide. In a qualitative validation using a network of stations in Brazil, it was demonstrated that the maps were able to clearly identify plasma bubble structures also captured by other instruments, like scintillation monitors and all‐sky imager. The quantitative assessment showed errors less than 4 m in 99.9% of the times in days with high variability of the ionosphere and less than 1 m in a day with very low ionization. The quality of the generated maps with this new methodology using this density of data opens a wide range of possibilities for scientific and operational applications in low‐latitude ionosphere environment.
The Global Analysis of the Ionospheric Correlation Time and Its Implications for Ionospheric Data Assimilation
Authors: Forsythe Victoriya V. , Azeem Irfan , Crowley Geoff , Makarevich Roman A. , Wang Cheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIonospheric correlation time is an important parameter that contains information about the temporal variability, structures, and dynamics of the ionosphere. This parameter is also important in forecasting of the ionospheric state. Ionospheric data assimilation algorithms employing empirical background models, such as Ionospheric Data Assimilation Four‐Dimensional (IDA4D), apply Gauss‐Markov approximation for the propagation of temporal updates from one time stamp to the next. In this process, the relaxation parameter, or the correlation time, determines to what degree the projected state depends on the background model and analysis density. An ad hoc approach is usually applied to choose this user‐defined parameter. This paper focuses on the estimation of the ionospheric correlation time using high temporal resolution global ionospheric maps (GIMs). It is found that the correlation time changes significantly with latitude. The longest correlation time is observed in the equatorial region, whereas the shortest correlation time is observed at high latitudes and in the polar cap regions. The global distribution of the correlation time exhibits seasonal variation and depends on the solar flux conditions. The correlation time at the equatorial and mid‐latitude regions increases with increasing solar and geomagnetic activity, whereas the correlation time at high‐latitude regions decreases. The results of this study can be directly applied to improve ionospheric data assimilation models.
Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity in the Australian adult population
Authors: Machado Priscila Pereira , Steele Eurídice Martinez , Levy Renata Bertazzi , da Costa Louzada Maria Laura , Rangan Anna , Woods Julie , Gill Timothy , Scrinis Gyorgy , Monteiro Carlos Augusto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRapid simultaneous increases in ultra-processed food sales and obesity prevalence have been observed worldwide, including in Australia. Consumption of ultra-processed foods by the Australian population was previously shown to be systematically associated with increased risk of intakes of nutrients outside levels recommended for the prevention of obesity. This study aims to explore the association between ultra-processed food consumption and obesity among the Australian adult population and stratifying by age group, sex and physical activity level.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of anthropometric and dietary data from 7411 Australians aged ≥20 years from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012 was performed. Food consumption was evaluated through 24-h recall. The NOVA system was used to identify ultra-processed foods, i.e. industrial formulations manufactured from substances derived from foods and typically added of flavours, colours and other cosmetic additives, such as soft drinks, confectionery, sweet or savoury packaged snacks, microwaveable frozen meals and fast food dishes. Measured weight, height and waist circumference (WC) data were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and diagnosis of obesity and abdominal obesity. Regression models were used to evaluate the association of dietary share of ultra-processed foods (quintiles) and obesity indicators, adjusting for socio-demographic variables, physical activity and smoking.ResultsSignificant (P-trend ≤ 0.001) direct dose–response associations between the dietary share of ultra-processed foods and indicators of obesity were found after adjustment. In the multivariable regression analysis, those in the highest quintile of ultra-processed food consumption had significantly higher BMI (0.97 kg/m2; 95% CI 0.42, 1.51) and WC (1.92 cm; 95% CI 0.57, 3.27) and higher odds of having obesity (OR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.27, 2.04) and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.10, 1.72) compared with those in the lowest quintile of consumption. Subgroup analyses showed that the trend towards positive associations for all obesity indicators remained in all age groups, sex and physical activity level.ConclusionThe findings add to the growing evidence that ultra-processed food consumption is associated with obesity and support the potential role of ultra-processed foods in contributing to obesity in Australia.
Atrial fibrillation—a complex polygenetic disease
Authors: Andersen Julie H. , Andreasen Laura , Olesen Morten S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia. Epidemiological studies have documented a substantial genetic component. More than 160 genes have been associated with AF during the last decades. Some of these were discovered by classical linkage studies while the majority relies on functional studies or genome-wide association studies. In this review, we will evaluate the genetic basis of AF and the role of both common and rare genetic variants in AF. Rare variants in multiple ion-channel genes as well as gap junction and transcription factor genes have been associated with AF. More recently, a growing body of evidence has implicated structural genes with AF. An increased burden of atrial fibrosis in AF patients compared with non-AF patients has also been reported. These findings challenge our traditional understanding of AF being an electrical disease. We will focus on several quantitative landmark papers, which are transforming our understanding of AF by implicating atrial cardiomyopathies in the pathogenesis. This new AF research field may enable better diagnostics and treatment in the future.
Das Schwein in der peripartalen Periode: klinische, ethologische, endokrinologische und stoffwechselbezogene Aspekte
Authors: Blim Sarah , Schupp Desiree , Bostedt Hartwig 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist, einen Überblick über die relevante Literatur zum Geburtsgeschehen beim Schwein zu schaffen. Wie bei allen Säugetieren wird die Geburt beim Schwein in 3 Phasen (I–III) unterteilt (Öffnungs-, Austreibungs-, direktes Nachgeburtsstadium), in denen diverse essenzielle endokrine und metabolische Regulationsmechanismen den Partus einleiten respektive unterhalten. Hierzu zählen u. a. die Hormone Progesteron, Kortisol, Prostaglandin F2α, Oxytozin, Estradiol, Relaxin, aber auch Elektrolyte, Enzyme und Stoffwechselprodukte wie Kalzium, Magnesium, anorganisches Phosphat, Glukose, Kreatinkinase, Laktat, nicht veresterte freie Fettsäuren und β-Hydroxybutyrat. Liegen, allgemein gesagt, exo- oder endogene Störfaktoren vor, kommt es zu Verzögerungen oder gar zum Erliegen der Wehenmechanik. Als möglicher exogener Störfaktor kann z. B. die Haltungsform angesehen werden. Endogene Störfaktoren können durch die insuffiziente Speicherung und/oder Ausschüttung der genannten partusrelevanten Parameter entstehen. Ein solcher dystokischer Zustand stört die reproduktive Fitness des Mutterschweins temporär oder dauerhaft und beeinträchtigt die Vitalität der Neonaten unmittelbar post natum, was die Überlebensrate verringern kann.
Danke für 12 Jahre Engagement
Authors: Keyßer Gernot 
Published: December 2020

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der „Aktuellen Rheumatologie“,mit dem Ende des Jahres 2020 endet auch die Mitherausgeberschaft von Prof. Dr. med. Dr. med. habil. Stefan Rehart. Professor Rehart war seit 2008 Herausgeber der „Aktuellen Rheumatologie“ und hat in dieser Zeit mit bewundernswerter Energie und Kreativität den Kurs dieser Zeitschrift mitbestimmt.
Umfrage unter Neuweltkameliden-Züchtern zum Zucht- und Fortpflanzungsmanagement
Authors: Wolfthaler Johanna , Franz Sonja , Dadak Agnes , Steiner Katharina , Drillich Marc 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel In der Studie erfolgte eine Online-Umfrage unter Züchtern von Neuweltkameliden in Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz mit dem Ziel, mehr über die Haltung und das Reproduktionsmanagement von Neuweltkameliden zu erfahren.Material und Methode Der Link zur Umfrage wurde per E-Mail an 8 Zuchtvereine ausgesendet. Der Fragebogen umfasste insgesamt 24 geschlossene oder offene Fragen. Der Zeitraum für die Teilnahme war Mai bis Oktober 2019.Ergebnisse Von insgesamt 92 teilnehmenden Züchtern beantworteten 64 alle Fragen. Neuweltkameliden wurden hauptsächlich zur Zucht (87 %) und Fasergewinnung (74 %) genutzt. Die mediane Herdengröße betrug 27 Tiere, wobei Stuten dominierten. Das Wissen zur Zucht eigneten sich die meisten Züchter (74 %) über persönliche Kontakte und Fortbildungen an. Die Bedeckung der Stuten erfolgte in der Mehrzahl der Zuchtbetriebe (57 %) mit einem eigenen, getrennt von den Stuten gehaltenen Hengst. Zur Trächtigkeitsdiagnostik wurde hauptsächlich (91 %) der Spucktest herangezogen und mit anderen Methoden, insbesondere der Ultraschalldiagnostik, kombiniert. Die Trächtigkeitsdauer der Stuten lag meist (88 %) im Referenzbereich von 335–360 Tagen. Wiederholte Probleme mit Trächtigkeitsverlusten gaben 76 % der Züchter bei weniger als 5 % ihrer Stuten an. Postpartale Probleme wurden insgesamt eher selten genannt und betrafen z. B. Milchmangel oder Mastitis (jeweils < 5 %). Mehr als die Hälfte der Züchter hatte in den letzten 3 Jahren Crias mit einem Problem während der Geburt, wobei hinsichtlich der Ursachen keine deutliche Häufung festgestellt werden konnte. Die Mehrheit der Befragten (69 %) war mit der tierärztlichen Betreuung in den Bereichen Versorgung, Trächtigkeit und Geburtshilfe zufrieden.Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dieser Umfrage liefern neue Einblicke in das Management von Neuweltkameliden-Züchtern in Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz. Weitere Studien könnten diese Praktiken mit denen in Ländern vergleichen, in denen die Zucht südamerikanischer Kameliden eine längere Tradition und andere kommerzielle Hintergründe hat.Klinische Relevanz Die Ergebnisse helfen Tierärzten, sich auf mögliche Probleme und Fragestellungen in der Betreuung von Neuweltkameliden hinsichtlich des Reproduktionsmanagements vorzubereiten.
Entwicklung einer großen intraprostatischen Zyste nach Einsatz eines GnRH-Agonist-Implantats bei einem Rüden mit benigner Prostatahyperplasie
Authors: Socha Piotr , Janowski Tomasz , Zduńczyk Slawomir 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEin Rüde mit benigner Prostatahyperplasie und mehreren kleineren intraprostatischen Zysten wurde mit einem GnRH-Agonist-Implantat mit 4,7 mg Deslorelin (Suprelorin®) behandelt. Innerhalb von 2 Wochen nach der Implantation kam es zur Verstärkung der zuvor aufgetretenen Blutung aus der Harnröhre. Sonografisch ließ sich eine große intraprostatische Zyste darstellen. Der Rüde wurde mit Osateronacetat (0,4 mg/kg p. o. 1-mal täglich über 7 Tage) und Enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg p. o. 1-mal täglich über 21 Tage) behandelt. Im Verlauf eines Monats bildete sich die Zyste vollständig zurück. Die Mechanismen der Zystenvergrößerung werden diskutiert.
Reliability and Validity of Simple Stroke Food Frequency Questionnaire (SS-FFQ) for Nutrition Monitoring in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Borhani-Haghighi Afshin , Lankarani Kamran B. , Keshani Parisa , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Keshavarz Pedram , Azarpazhooh M. Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives Standard dietary questionnaires may have some limitations in cases with stroke, particularly in those suffering from language and communication difficulties. The present study aimed to develop a dietary questionnaire appropriate for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Materials and Methods Major food groups (n = 19) were first identified using the dietary questionnaire of the INTERHEART study. Using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), an expert dietitian and a vascular neurologist then selected a total number of 68 corresponding food items from 168 available FFQ items. In the next phase, a panel of expert dietitians (n = 10) assessed the face validity and the content validity of these 68 items and approved a total number of 62 items for the final questionnaire, namely, the Simple Stroke FFQ (SS-FFQ). Employing test-retest method, the intraclass correlation (ICC) of the SS-FFQ was subsequently calculated in 30 randomly selected cases affected with AIS. Ultimately, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized for 153 cases with AIS to assess the construct validity of the questionnaire concerned. The SPSS Statistics software (version 18: SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) as well as descriptive tests including mean and percentage were additionally used to account for the baseline characteristics of the study participants.

Results The results revealed that the reliability of the newly developed form of the SS-FFQ was perfect (ICC = 0.86). Dietary conditions were further assessed administering the SS-FFQ on 153 cases of AIS with the mean age of 63.76 ± 15.93 years. The PCA results also showed that 15 extracted items of the given questionnaire could explain 73.10% of total item variance.

Conclusions It was concluded that the SS-FFQ was a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess nutrient intakes among patients with AIS.
Robotic Navigated Laser Craniotomy for Depth Electrode Implantation in Epilepsy Surgery: A Cadaver Lab Study
Authors: Roessler Karl , Winter Fabian , Wilken Tobias , Pataraia Ekaterina , Mueller-Gerbl Magdalena , Dorfer Christian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective Depth electrode implantation for invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery has become a standard procedure. We describe a new frameless stereotactic intervention using robot-guided laser beam for making precise bone channels for depth electrode placement.
Methods A laboratory investigation on a head cadaver specimen was performed using a CT scan planning of depth electrodes in various positions. Precise bone channels were made by a navigated robot-driven laser beam (erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet [Er:YAG], 2.94-μm wavelength,) instead of twist drill holes. Entry point and target point precision was calculated using postimplantation CT scans and comparison to the preoperative trajectory plan.
Results Frontal, parietal, and occipital bone channels for bolt implantation were made. The occipital bone channel had an angulation of more than 60 degrees to the surface. Bolts and depth electrodes were implanted solely guided by the trajectory given by the precise bone channels. The mean depth electrode length was 45.5 mm. Entry point deviation was 0.73 mm (±0.66 mm SD) and target point deviation was 2.0 mm (±0.64 mm SD). Bone channel laser time was ∼30 seconds per channel. Altogether, the implantation time was ∼10 to 15 minutes per electrode.
Conclusion Navigated robot-assisted laser for making precise bone channels for depth electrode implantation in epilepsy surgery is a promising new, exact and straightforward implantation technique and may have many advantages over twist drill hole implantation.
Individualistic evolutionary responses of Central African rain forest plants to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations
Authors: Helmstetter Andrew J. , Béthune Kevin , Kamdem Narcisse G. , Sonké Bonaventure , Couvreur Thomas L. P. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceUnderstanding species’ evolutionary responses to past climate change is fundamental for improved biodiversity conservation. Species in the same area could exhibit either similar or individualistic evolutionary responses. We tested this hypothesis within the highly biodiverse tropical rain forests of Central Africa. We generated an unparalleled genomic dataset to estimate the evolutionary dynamics of a range of codistributed plant species. We reveal variable, asynchronous, individualistic evolutionary responses driven by different environmental factors and life-history traits. Our results challenge the long-standing view that past climate change led to similar rain forest dynamics within this region. Our study has important implications for the conservation of tropical rain forest biodiversity in general, and in Central Africa in particular.
Anatomical correlates of face patches in macaque inferotemporal cortex
Authors: Arcaro Michael J. , Mautz Theodora , Berezovskii Vladimir K. , Livingstone Margaret S. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceThis study reports the discovery that buried gyral folds along the superior temporal sulcus in macaque lateral temporal cortex predict the locations of regions selectively responsive to faces. These findings demonstrate a link between cortical topology and the functional organization of higher-order visual cortex in macaques. We show that these anatomical landmarks are established prenatally and are likely the result of general developmental mechanisms such as molecular signaling gradients, topographic maps, and the formation of cortical areas. These folds are found across primate species. Identification of such anatomical landmarks may provide insight into evolutionary changes in the functional organization of high-level visual cortex.
Complex subsurface hydrothermal fluid mixing at a submarine arc volcano supports distinct and highly diverse microbial communities
Authors: Reysenbach Anna-Louise , St. John Emily , Meneghin Jennifer , Flores Gilberto E. , Podar Mircea , Dombrowski Nina , Spang Anja , L’Haridon Stephane , Humphris Susan E. , de Ronde Cornel E. J. , Caratori Tontini Fabio , Tivey Maurice , Stucker Valerie K. , Stewart Lucy C. , Diehl Alexander , Bach Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceMuch of Earth’s volcanism occurs in the deep sea, yet little is known about the microbial communities inhabiting such extreme and dynamic systems. Using a multidisciplinary approach to study distinct hydrothermal systems at Brothers submarine arc volcano, we provide insights into how microbial community composition and function reflect subtly different fluid chemistries resulting from subsurface fluid interactions with distinct alteration mineral assemblages. These variations can be traced to the subsurface hydrogeologic history beneath Brothers volcano. Further, we show that these systems represent oases of phylogenetically diverse Archaea and Bacteria. Our findings highlight the importance of geologic legacy in understanding drivers of microbial diversity, assembly, and evolution and may have insights into processes that drove early diversification of life on Earth.
Striking heterogeneity of somatic L1 retrotransposition in single normal and cancerous gastrointestinal cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Katsumi , Soares Alisha O. , Goff Loyal A. , Talasila Anjali , Choi Jungbin A. , Ivenitsky Daria , Karma Sadik , Brophy Benjamin , Devine Scott E. , Meltzer Stephen J. , Kazazian Haig H. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Using a modified method, we analyzed single cells from adenocarcinomas of the colon, pancreas, and stomach and their paired normal tissues for somatic LINE-1 retrotransposition events. We found that somatic retrotransposition varied significantly from patient to patient with cancers of the same type, as well as in different cells within a particular cancer.
Cell stiffness under small and large deformations measured by optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy: effects of actin disruptors CK-869 and jasplakinolide
Authors: Jokhadar Špela Zemljič , Iturri Jagoba , Toca-Herrera José Luis , Derganc Jure 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cytoskeleton-disrupting drugs can have different effects on cell mechanics at different deformation scales. We therefore applied two complementary indentation techniques to study the effects of two actin-disrupting drugs on cellular stiffness of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Optical tweezers were used to probe the cortical stiffness at small deformations, and atomic force microscopy was used to probe the bulk cell stiffness at larger deformations. The first drug studied was CK-869, which is an inhibitor of the actin branching complex Arp2/3, and has not been analysed yet in terms of mechanical effects. A significant decrease in cell stiffness upon treatment with CK-869 was measured with both techniques, which implies that actin branching is important for cell mechanics at small and large deformations. The second drug studied was jasplakinolide, for which ambiguous effects on cell mechanics have been reported. In line with previous studies, we found that jasplakinolide caused significant cell stiffening at large deformations but slight cell softening under small deformations. This result implies that jasplakinolide has different effects on different levels of actin organization.
Electronic and topological properties of group-10 transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Hooda M K , Yadav C S , Samal D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The group 10 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (MX
2: M = Ni, Pd, Pt; X = S, Se, Te) have attracted much attention in the last few decades because of observation of exotic phases and phenomena such as superconductivity (SC), topological surface states (TSSs), type II Dirac fermions, helical spin texture, Rashba effect, 3D Dirac plasmons, metal–insulator transitions, charge density waves (CDW) etc. In this review, we cover the experimental and theoretical progress on the physical phenomena influenced by the strong electron–electron correlation of the group-10 TMDs from the past to the present. We have especially emphasized on the SC and topological phases in the bulk as well as in atomically thin materials.