bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erbium Single‐Band Nanothermometry in the Third Biological Imaging Window: Potential and Limitations
Authors: Hazra Chanchal , Skripka Artiom , Ribeiro Sidney J. L. , Vetrone Fiorenzo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) nanothermometers are sought after in biomedicine when it comes to measuring temperatures subcutaneously. Yet, temperature sensing within the third biological imaging window (BW‐III), where the highest contrast images can be obtained, remains relatively unexplored. Here, LiErF4/LiYF4 rare‐earth nanoparticles (RENPs) are studied as NIR nanothermometers in the BW‐III. Under 793 nm excitation, LiErF4/LiYF4 RENPs emit around 1540 nm, corresponding to the 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 radiative transition of Er3+. The fine Stark structure of this transition allows to delineate intensity regions within the emission band that can be used for single‐band ratiometric nanothermometry. These nanothermometers have a relative temperature sensitivity of ≈0.40% °C−1. The temperature‐dependent energy transfer to the surrounding solvent molecules plays a significant role in the thermometric properties of the RENPs. In addition, Ce3+ ions are doped in the core of the RENPs to examine whether it affects the NIR emission and temperature sensitivity. Ce3+ at 1 mol% marginally influences the downshifting emission intensity of the RENPs, yet increases the relative thermal sensitivity to ≈0.45% °C−1. Furthermore, Ce3+ quenches the visible upconversion emission of the RENPs. Together, LiErF4:Ce3+/LiYF4 RENPs enable single‐band photoluminescence nanothermometry in the BW‐III, with the future possibility of its integration within multifunctional decoupled theranostic nanostructures.
Adaptive Evolution of Peptide Inhibitors for Mutating SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Chaturvedi Parth , Han Yanxiao , Král Petr , Vuković Lela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is currently causing a worldwide pandemic with dramatic societal consequences for the humankind. In the past decades, disease outbreaks due to such zoonotic pathogens have appeared with an accelerated rate, which calls for an urgent development of adaptive (smart) therapeutics. Here, a computational strategy is developed to adaptively evolve peptides that could selectively inhibit mutating S protein receptor binding domains (RBDs) of different SARS‐CoV‐2 viral strains from binding to their human host receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Starting from suitable peptide templates, based on selected ACE2 segments (natural RBD binder), the templates are gradually modified by random mutations, while retaining those mutations that maximize their RBD‐binding free energies. In this adaptive evolution, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the template‐RBD complexes are iteratively perturbed by the peptide mutations, which are retained under favorable Monte Carlo decisions. The computational search will provide libraries of optimized therapeutics capable of reducing the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on a global scale.
Gender Differences Among Milestone Assessments in a National Sample of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Programs
Authors: Zuckerbraun Noel S. , Levasseur Kelly , Kou Maybelle , Rose Jerri A. , Roskind Cindy G. , Vu Tien , Baghdassarian Aline , Leonard Kathryn , Shabanova Veronika , Langhan Melissa L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding gender gaps in trainee evaluations is critical because these may ultimately determine the duration of training. Currently, no studies describe the influence of gender on the evaluation of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows.ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to compare milestone scores of female versus male PEM fellows.MethodsThis is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of a national sample of PEM fellows from July 2014 to June 2018. Accreditation Council for Medical Education (ACGME) subcompetencies are scored on a 5‐point scale and span six domains: patient care (PC), medical knowledge, systems‐based practice, practice‐based learning and improvement, professionalism, and interpersonal and communication skills (ICS). Summative assessments of the 23 PEM subcompetencies are assigned by each program’s clinical competency committee and submitted semiannually for each fellow. Program directors voluntarily provided deidentified ACGME milestone reports. Demographics including sex, program region, and type of residency were collected. Descriptive analysis of milestones was performed for each year of fellowship. Multivariate analyses evaluated the difference in scores by sex for each of the subcompetencies.ResultsForty‐eight geographically diverse programs participated, yielding data for 639 fellows (66% of all PEM fellows nationally); sex was recorded for 604 fellows, of whom 67% were female. When comparing the mean milestone scores in each of the six domains, there were no differences by sex in any year of training. When comparing scores within each of the 23 subcompetencies and correcting the significance level for comparison of multiple milestones, the scores for PC3 and ICS2 were significantly, albeit not meaningfully, higher for females.ConclusionIn a national sample of PEM fellows, we found no major differences in milestone scores between females and males.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on vitamin D levels in old patients with sarcopenia
Authors: Bahşi Remzi , Atmiş Volkan , Mut Sürmeli Deniz , Selvi Öztorun Hande , Turgut Tuğba , Coşarderelioğlu Çağlar , Yalçin Ahmet , Aras Sevgi , Varli Murat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe aimed to determine the possible relationship between sarcopenia, Helicobacter pylori and 25‐OH vitamin D. A total of 101 patients aged 65 years and over were included in the study, and grouped as sarcopenia (+) and (−) according to the skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Also, patients were divided into two groups according to the presence and absence of H. pylori infection. There was no significant difference in the frequency of H. pylori infection in patients with and without sarcopenia (37.0% vs 29.7%; P = .485); 25‐OH vitamin D levels were significantly lower (18.25 [6.20‐32.00] μg/L vs 26.30 [9.33‐50.00] μg/L; P < .05) and the frequency of vitamin D deficiency (<20 μg/L) was significantly higher (80.0% vs 29.4%; P < .05) in sarcopenic patients with H. pylori infection than those without H. pylori infection. In addition, H. pylori infection was found to be associated with vitamin D deficiency in patients with sarcopenia (odds ratio: 12.53[1.48‐105.87]; P < .05). Within these findings, we concluded that the presence of H. pylori infection may lead to vitamin D deficiency in patients with sarcopenia.
A woman from Vietnam complained of chronic diarrhea: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Sung‐Yin , Liao Sih‐Han 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTrichuris trichiura is a common parasite in subtropical and tropical regions. The prevalence is approximately 23.1% based on an epidemiology study conducted in Vietnam during 1990 to 2001. It is transmitted by oral‐fecal route and the common symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stool and weight loss. Antihelminth agents like albendazole and mebendazole are the first‐line treatments, and the outcome is good. A 48‐year‐old female immigrant from Vietnam was referred from local clinic to our hospital for colonoscopy due to persistent diarrhea accompanied by abdominal cramping for 3 months. The frequency of diarrhea was four times per day. The characteristic of stool was pasty, and then became watery. Only lower abdominal tenderness was noticed by physical examination. Serology and stool investigations were negative. Colonoscopy was performed due to refractory symptoms and one whitish worm with whip‐like appearance in the cecum. Trichuris trichiura infection was diagnosed by microscopic morphology. Then, the patient was treated with mebendazole and her symptoms improved. The gold standard for diagnosis is stool microscopic examination, including ova, whipworm, or both. However, it is hard to find eggs in the stool samples from those patients who only have mild infections. Colonoscopy is a helpful tool to uncover the whipworm with negative stool examination and make the diagnosis of trichuriasis.
Supported Palladium‐Gold Catalyzed Carbonylative Methylthioesterification of Aryl Iodides using Oxalic acid and DMSO as CO and CH3SH Surrogates
Authors: Sharma Ajay Kumar , Ram Shankar , Sheetal  , Mehara Pushkar , Chauhan Arvind Singh , Das Pralay 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe polystyrene supported palladium‐gold (Pd−Au@PS) catalyst was prepared and well characterized by HR‐TEM, EDX, Elemental Mapping, XPS and P‐XRD analysis. The Pd−Au@PS NPs displayed the superior catalytic activity than their monometallic forms. First time, the catalyst was applied for methylthioesterification reaction of aryl iodides with oxalic acid and DMSO as in situ carbon monoxide (CO) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) precursor. Yet, there is no report available where DMSO has been applied as CH3SH source for methylthioester synthesis. The CH3SH and CO are likely to poison the metal catalyst whereas in Pd−Au@PS catalyst, the beneficial inter‐electronic interactions between Pd and Au metals makes the catalyst highly reactive, poisoning resistant and recyclable during the transformation. Moreover, the developed protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance for various aryl iodides to delivered the desired products in moderate to very good yields.
Technical considerations when implementing digital infrastructure for social policy
Authors: Gulliver Robyn , Fahmi Marco , Abramson David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBig data and advanced computational methods are increasingly being used to inform decision making in social policy globally. As a result, there is a pressing need to identify best practice digital infrastructure design that allows policymakers and social sciences researchers to access, manipulate and use big data soundly and ethically, while identifying and resolving issues that can lead to unintended consequences and adverse social policy outcomes. However, building such digital infrastructure continues to be a technical challenge for users of big social and administrative data. This paper presents a model to evaluate and design best practice infrastructure for the use of big data in social policy. Our model identifies key technical infrastructure considerations for six stages of a data analysis pipeline, namely (1) data storage, (2) data integration, (3) data access, (4) data analysis, (5) data interpretation and (6) data operationalisation. We demonstrate the model via two applications: the E‐Verify online employment rights system and the Australian COVIDSafe app. The model provides a high‐level guide for social policymakers and researchers to consider systematically the relevant technical considerations when designing or upgrading digital infrastructure that uses analytical tools and big datasets from multiple sources.
Retinal imaging in Alzheimer's and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Snyder Peter J. , Alber Jessica , Alt Clemens , Bain Lisa J. , Bouma Brett E. , Bouwman Femke H. , DeBuc Delia Cabrera , Campbell Melanie C.W. , Carrillo Maria C. , Chew Emily Y. , Cordeiro M. Francesca , Dueñas Michael R. , Fernández Brian M. , Koronyo‐Hamaoui Maya , La Morgia Chiara , Carare Roxana O’ , Sadda Srinivas R. , van Wijngaarden Peter , Snyder Heather M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the last 20 years, research focused on developing retinal imaging as a source of potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, has increased significantly. The Alzheimer's Association and the Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment, Disease Monitoring editorial team (companion journal to Alzheimer's & Dementia) convened an interdisciplinary discussion in 2019 to identify a path to expedite the development of retinal biomarkers capable of identifying biological changes associated with AD, and for tracking progression of disease severity over time. As different retinal imaging modalities provide different types of structural and/or functional information, the discussion reflected on these modalities and their respective strengths and weaknesses. Discussion further focused on the importance of defining the context of use to help guide the development of retinal biomarkers. Moving from research to context of use, and ultimately to clinical evaluation, this article outlines ongoing retinal imaging research today in Alzheimer's and other brain diseases, including a discussion of future directions for this area of study.
Mitophagy alterations in Alzheimer's disease are associated with granulovacuolar degeneration and early tau pathology
Authors: Hou Xu , Watzlawik Jens O. , Cook Casey , Liu Chia‐Chen , Kang Silvia S. , Lin Wen‐Lang , DeTure Michael , Heckman Michael G. , Diehl Nancy N. , Al‐Shaikh Fadi S. Hanna , Walton Ronald L. , Ross Owen A. , Melrose Heather L. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , Bu Guojun , Petrucelli Leonard , Fryer John D. , Murray Melissa E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Fiesel Fabienne C. , Springer Wolfdieter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe cytoprotective PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1)‐parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN) pathway selectively labels damaged mitochondria with phosphorylated ubiquitin (pS65‐Ub) for their autophagic removal (mitophagy). Because dysfunctions of mitochondria and degradation pathways are early features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mitophagy impairments may contribute to the pathogenesis.MethodsMorphology, levels, and distribution of the mitophagy tag pS65‐Ub were evaluated by biochemical analyses combined with tissue and single cell imaging in AD autopsy brain and in transgenic mouse models.ResultsAnalyses revealed significant increases of pS65‐Ub levels in AD brain, which strongly correlated with granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) and early phospho‐tau deposits, but were independent of amyloid beta pathology. Single cell analyses revealed predominant co‐localization of pS65‐Ub with mitochondria, GVD bodies, and/or lysosomes depending on the brain region analyzed.DiscussionOur study highlights mitophagy alterations in AD that are associated with early tau pathology, and suggests that distinct mitochondrial, autophagic, and/or lysosomal failure may contribute to the selective vulnerability in disease.
Using Medicare claims in identifying Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Jain Siddharth , Rosenbaum Paul R. , Reiter Joseph G. , Hoffman Geoffrey , Small Dylan S. , Ha Jinkyung , Hill Alexander S. , Wolk David A. , Gaulton Timothy , Neuman Mark D. , Eckenhoff Roderic G. , Fleisher Lee A. , Silber Jeffrey H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study develops a measure of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) using Medicare claims.MethodsValidation resembles the approach of the American Psychological Association, including (1) content validity, (2) construct validity, and (3) predictive validity.ResultsWe found that four items—a Medicare claim recording ADRD 1 year ago, 2 years ago, 3 years ago, and a total stay of 6 months in a nursing home—exhibit a pattern of association consistent with a single underlying ADRD construct, and presence of any two of these four items predict a direct measure of cognitive function and also future claims for ADRD.DiscussionOur four items are internally consistent with the measurement of a single quantity. The presence of any two items do a better job than a single claim when predicting both a direct measure of cognitive function and future ADRD claims.
Der Kühlungseffekt der personalisierten Lüftung
Authors: Alsaad Hayder , Völker Conrad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPersonalisierte Lüftung (PL) kann die thermische Behaglichkeit sowie die Qualität der eingeatmeten Atemluft verbessern, indem jedem Arbeitsplatz Frischluft separat zugeführt wird. In diesem Beitrag wird die Wirkung der PL auf die thermische Behaglichkeit der Nutzer unter sommerlichen Randbedingungen untersucht. Hierfür wurden zwei Ansätze zur Bewertung des Kühlungseffekts der PL untersucht. Zum einen basierend auf der äquivalenten Temperatur und zum anderen basierend dem thermischen Empfinden. Grundlage der Auswertung sind in einer Klimakammer gemessene sowie numerisch simulierte Daten. Vor der Durchführung der Simulationen wurde das numerische Modell zunächst anhand der gemessenen Daten validiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Ansatz basierend auf dem thermischen Empfinden zur Evaluierung des Kühlungseffekts der PL sinnvoller sein kann, da bei diesem die komplexen physiologischen Faktoren besser berücksichtigt werden.
Einsatz einer diffusionsoffenen Folie für schwimmenden Estrich zur Vermeidung von Feuchteschäden
Authors: Krus Martin , Reinhold Lorentz , Tröger‐Müller Steffen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDie Problematik, dass Wasser aufgrund von Unachtsamkeit oder Rohrbrüchen bzw. kleinerer permanenter Leckagen unter den Estrich fließt und deshalb aufwendige und teure Trocknungsmaßnahmen notwendig werden, ist aufgrund der hohen Fallzahlen sicher bekannt. Auch bei kleineren Schadensfällen ist aufgrund der Verwendung der relativ diffusionsdichten Standard‐Estrichfolie eine ausreichend schnelle natürliche Abtrocknung meist nicht möglich. Es wurde untersucht, bei welchen Schadensfällen und bis zu welchem Ausmaß der Ersatz der konventionellen durch eine diffusionsoffene Folie unkritisch ist und Trocknungsmaßnahmen ersetzen kann. In die Untersuchungen werden die beiden verbreitetsten Estricharten, Zement‐Fließestrich und Calciumsulfat‐Fließestrich, einbezogen. Als Estrichdämmung kommen Polystyrol, Holzweichfaser‐ und Mineralfaserdämmung zum Einsatz und als Bodenbelag Teppich, Parkett, Kork und Laminat. Außerdem wird die Situation mit und ohne Fußbodenheizung einbezogen.Aus den Berechnungen lässt sich schließen, dass der Einsatz einer diffusionsoffenen Estrichfolie bei schwimmendem Fließestrich aus Calciumsulfat eine deutliche Verbesserung bringt. Beim diffusionsdichteren Zement‐Fließestrich sind die Ergebnisse etwas ungünstiger und nicht in allen Fällen vorteilhaft. Ideal wäre eine Folie, welche im Ausgangszustand relativ diffusionsdicht ist und somit den hohen Eintrag durch die Baufeuchte blockieren kann und erst nach ausreichender Abtrocknung der Baufeuchte diffusionsoffen wird.
Step back, translate, extend: Addressing misconceptions relating to energy and free energy in cellular reactions via active‐learning videos
Authors: Pulukuri Surya , Abrams Binyomin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to succeed in biochemistry, students must transfer and build upon their understanding of general chemistry and introductory biology concepts. One such critical area of knowledge is bioenergetics. Student misconceptions around energy and free energy must be addressed prior to learning more advanced topics, such as energy flow in metabolic reactions. In this article, we present a series of active‐learning videos with embedded questions to address these crucial topics. This video module achieves the following goals: (1) review fundamental chemistry concepts, (2) introduce concepts of reaction coupling and ATP hydrolysis, and (3) foreshadow more advanced biochemical topics such as metabolism. These videos are offered free of charge as traditional videos through YouTube and as an active‐learning video module through an online platform, Edpuzzle. Access to videos is provided at chemed.bu.edu.
Effects of white noise in walking on walking time, state anxiety, and fear of falling among the elderly with mild dementia
Authors: Son Sung‐min , Kwag Sung‐won 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the effects of white noise in walking on the walking time, state anxiety, and fear of falling of the elderly with mild dementia.MethodsSubjects were 32 elderlies with mild dementia, and they divided into experimental group and control group, respectively. In the experimental group, walking program with white noise was applied 3 times a week for 4 weeks. White noise was provided by white noise generator in walking program. In the control group, walking program only was applied. To measure the effect of white noise in walking among the subjects, the walking time, state anxiety, and fear of falling were measured. Walking time was measured by Timed Up and Go test. State anxiety related in walking was measured by Korean version of State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Fear of falling was used by Korean Falls Efficacy Scale.ResultsThe results of walking time showed the increase in both groups, but the statistically significant difference was not shown. However, the results of state anxiety and fear of falling showed decrease and the statistically significant difference was shown (p < .01). In comparative analysis, the statistically significant difference in the results of gate velocity between groups was not shown. However, in the results of state anxiety and fear of falling the statistically significant difference between groups was shown (p < .01).ConclusionsWhite noise in walking should be induced positively to decrease the state anxiety and fear of falling in walking among elderly with mild dementia. Thus, in their environment, to decrease of state anxiety and fear of falling occurring in walking, the application of white noise in walking situation should be considered to apply for them.
The MDM2 inhibitor CGM097 combined with the BET inhibitor OTX015 induces cell death and inhibits tumor growth in models of neuroblastoma
Authors: Maser Tyler , Zagorski Joseph , Kelly Shannon , Ostrander Anna , Goodyke Austin , Nagulapally Abhinav , Bond Jeffrey , Park Yeonhee , Saulnier Sholler Giselle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in infants and children, with amplification of the oncogene MYCN being a hallmark of high‐risk disease and poor prognosis. Although less frequent, overexpression of MYC is similarly an indicator of poor prognosis. Most NB tumors initially respond to chemotherapy, however, most will relapse, resulting in chemoresistant disease. After relapse, there is growing evidence of p53 inactivation. MYC/MYCN and MDM2 have been shown to interact and contribute to NB growth and disease progression. MDM2 inhibitors and Bromodomain and Extra‐Terminal domain (BET) inhibitors have both shown promise in treating NB by increasing the expression of p53 and decreasing MYC/MYCN expression, respectively. Our study focuses on the combined treatment of a MDM2 inhibitor (CGM097) with a BET inhibitor (OTX015) in neuroblastoma.MethodsTwo p53 wild‐type and two p53 mutant established neuroblastoma cells lines were used to test this combination. Ray design assays were used to test whether this combination was synergistically cytotoxic to NB cells. Western blots were performed to check signaling pathways of interest after drug treatment. IncuCyte imaging and flow cytometry were utilized to quantify the apoptotic and cytostatic effects of these drugs on NB cells. In vivo studies were carried out to test the antitumor effect of this combination in a living host.ResultsThe combination of CGM097 and OTX015 resulted in p53 activation, decreased expression of MYC family proteins and a subsequent synergistic increase in NB cell death.ConclusionThis study warrants further investigation into the combination of MDM2 inhibitors and BET inhibitors for the treatment in NB.