bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of serum vitamin D–binding protein and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in pre‐operative and post‐operative colorectal cancer
Authors: Liang Yuanzi , Jiang Liejun , Chi Xiaowei , Hochwald Steven , Qiu Feng , Luo Yanfang , Lu Qiuwei , Yang Xiafang , Huang Huayi , Xu Junfa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe association between vitamin D–binding protein (VDBP) and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D) with colorectal cancer (CRC) is still ambiguous. This study was to further investigate the relationship between serum VDBP, 25 (OH)D levels and the clinical and pathological features of patients with CRC.MethodsEnzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay were used to analyze the VDBP and 25(OH)D concentrations in serum. Pearson's correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the association between serum VDBP and 25(OH)D levels in CRC. Conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the prediction value of serum VDBP or 25(OH)D as a risk factor for CRC.ResultsThe serological levels of 25(OH)D in patients were significantly lower than in healthy individuals, while VDBP levels were significantly higher than in healthy controls. The serum VDBP in pre‐operative was significantly lower than in post‐operative samples, while the serum 25(OH)D from pre‐operative patients was significantly higher than post‐operative patients. Patients with tumors with higher stage and increased lymph node involvement had lower serum post‐operative VDBP levels. In addition, our results showed that the pre‐operative VDBP level is a risk factor of CRC.ConclusionsThe levels of serum 25(OH)D and VDBP were both associated with CRC. Thus, serum 25(OH)D and VDBP levels might be of value in evaluating the pathogenesis and risk of CRC in the future. Moreover, serum VDBP or 25(OH)D levels were associated with patient's clinical and pathological features providing data for risk and prognostic prediction.
Association between obesity categories with cardiovascular disease and its related risk factors in the MASHAD cohort study population
Authors: Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Mirinezhad Seyed Mohammad Reza , Asadi Zahra , Parizadeh Seyed Mostafa , Zare‐Feyzabadi Reza , Shabani Niloofar , Eidi Marziyeh , Mosa Farkhany Ehsan , Esmaily Habibollah , Mahmoudi Ali Asghar , Mouhebati Mohsen , Oladi Mohammad Reza , Rohban Mohadeseh , Sharifan Payam , Yadegari Mehran , Saeidi Fatemeh , Ferns Gordon A. , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Obesity is an important CVD risk factor and is increasing in prevalence.MethodsIn this study, 3829 men and 5720 women (35‐65 years) were enrolled as part of the MASHAD cohort study. Four categories were identified according to body mass index and waist circumference that was defined by the World Health Organization. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of CVD, and Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association of obesity with CVD incidence.ResultsWe found that the higher risk groups defined by categories of adiposity were significantly related to a higher prevalence of a high serum total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) in both genders and a higher low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) in women (P < .001). Additionally, a high percentage of participants with dyslipidemia, high LDL, high TC, and low HDL and a high percentage of participants with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, and a high serum TG were observed across obesity categories (P < .001). Moreover, women with the very high degrees of obesity had a greater risk of CVD (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.06‐3.43, P = .03).ConclusionObesity strongly predicts several CVD risk factors. Following 6 years of follow‐up, in individuals within increasing degrees of obesity, there was a corresponding significant increase in CVD events, rising to approximately a twofold higher risk of cardiovascular events in women compared with men.
Image mean square displacement to study the lateral mobility of Angiotensin II type 1 and Endothelin 1 type A receptors on living cells
Authors: Planes Nadir , Vanderheyden Patrick P.M.L. , Gratton Enrico , Caballero‐George Catherina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe lateral mobility of membrane receptors provides insights into the molecular interactions of protein binding and the complex dynamic plasma membrane. The image mean square displacement (iMSD) analysis is a method used to extract qualitative and quantitative information of the protein diffusion law and infers how diffusion dynamic processes may change when the cellular environment is modified. The aim of the study was to describe the membrane diffusing properties of two G‐protein‐coupled receptors namely Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and Endothelin 1 type A (ETA) receptors and their corresponding receptor–ligand complexes in living cells using total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy and iMSD analysis. This study showed that both AT1 and ETA receptors displayed a mix of three modes of diffusion: free, confined, and partially confined. The confined mode was the predominant at the plasma membrane of living cells and was not affected by ligand binding. However, the local diffusivity and the confinement zone of AT1 receptors were reduced by the binding of its antagonist losartan, and the long‐range diffusion with the local diffusivity coefficient of ETA receptors was reduced upon exposure to its antagonist BQ123. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the protein diffusion laws of these two receptors on living cells using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and iMSD.
An anti‐Michael route for the synthesis of indole‐spiro (indene‐pyrrolidine) by 1,3‐cycloaddition of azomethineylide with indole‐derivatised olefins
Authors: Yellappa Shivaraj 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne‐pot three‐component reaction for indole‐spiro (indene‐pyrrolidine) highly strained molecules were synthesized with moderate yield by 1,3‐cycloaddition of unsymmetrical dipolarophiles, prepared from indol‐3‐yl and 1‐acetyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl derivative with azomethineylide generated through decarboxylative addition of amino acid sarcosine and ninhydrine, which is confirmed by NOESY. Our method is to demonstrate an efficient path in the preparation of strained organic spiro compound, an atom‐economical process and eco‐friendly toward environment. Viability gives an access to prepare of various spiro pharmaceutical drug molecules.
Stromal Collagen Content in Breast Tumors Correlates With In Vivo Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging: A Comparison of Multi b‐Value DWI With Histologic Specimen From Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions
Authors: Egnell Liv , Vidić Igor , Jerome Neil P. , Bofin Anna M. , Bathen Tone F. , Goa Pål Erik 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIncreased deposition and reorientation of stromal collagen fibers are associated with breast cancer progression and invasiveness. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) may be sensitive to the collagen fiber organization in the stroma and could provide important biomarkers for breast cancer characterization.PurposeTo understand how collagen fibers influence water diffusion in vivo and evaluate the relationship between collagen content and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the signal fractions of the biexponential model using a high b‐value scheme.Study TypeProspective.Subjects/SpecimensForty‐five patients with benign (n = 8), malignant (n = 36), and ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 1) breast tumors. Lesions and normal fibroglandular tissue (n = 9) were analyzed using sections of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue stained with hematoxylin, erythrosine, and saffron.Field Strength/SequenceMRI (3T) protocols: Protocol I: Twice‐refocused spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging with: echo time (TE) 85 msec; repetition time (TR) 9300/11600 msec; matrix 90 × 90 × 60; voxel size 2 × 2 × 2.5 mm3; b‐values: 0 and 700 s/mm2. Protocol II: Stejskal–Tanner spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging with: TE: 88 msec; TR: 10600/11800 msec, matrix 90 × 90 × 60; voxel size 2 × 2 × 2.5 mm3; b‐values [0, 200, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000] s/mm2.AssessmentArea fractions of cellular and collagen content in histologic sections were quantified using whole‐slide image analysis and compared with the corresponding DWI parameters.Statistical TestsCorrelations were assessed using Pearson's r. Univariate analysis of group median values was done using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsCollagen content correlated with the fast signal fraction (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) and ADC (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) and was lower (P < 0.05) in malignant lesions than benign and normal tissues. Cellular content correlated inversely with the fast signal fraction (r = –0.67, P < 0.001) and ADC (r = –0.61, P < 0.001) and was different (P < 0.05) between malignant, benign, and normal tissues.Data ConclusionOur findings suggest stromal collagen content increases diffusivity observed by MRI and is associated with higher ADC and fast signal fraction of the biexponential model.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1868–1878.
MR Biomarkers of Degenerative Brain Disorders Derived From Diffusion Imaging
Authors: Andica Christina , Kamagata Koji , Hatano Taku , Saito Yuya , Ogaki Kotaro , Hattori Nobutaka , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: December 2019

The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has shown an increasing trend. These conditions typically cause progressive functional disability. Identification of robust biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases is a key imperative to facilitate early identification of the pathological features and to foster a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of individual diseases. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the most widely used diffusion MRI technique for assessment of neurodegenerative diseases. The DTI parameters are promising biomarkers for evaluation of microstructural changes; however, some limitations of DTI restrict its wider clinical use. New diffusion MRI techniques, such as diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), bi‐tensor DTI, and neurite orientation density and dispersion imaging (NODDI) have been demonstrated to provide value addition to DTI for evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review article, we summarize the key technical aspects and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the role of DKI, bi‐tensor DTI, and NODDI as biomarkers of microstructural changes in representative neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1620–1636.
Improved Display of Hepatic Arterial Anatomy Using Differential Subsampling With Cartesian Ordering (DISCO) With Gadoxetic Acid‐Enhanced MRI: Comparison With Single Arterial Phase MRI and Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Wei Yi , Chen Guoyong , Tang Hehan , Yuan Yuan , Huang Zixing , He Xiaopeng , Ye Zheng , Zhang Tong , Wei Xiaocheng , Song Bin 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIn clinical practice arterial anatomy evaluation is often determined using computed tomographic angiography (CTA); the effect of enhanced MRI has been neglected.PurposeTo evaluate whether multiple arterial phase (MAP) images from patients who underwent differential subsampling with Cartesian ordering (DISCO) acquisition would improve the hepatic arterial display compared with single arterial phase (SAP) and CTA.Study TypeA prospective, randomized trial.SubjectsIn all, 130 patients (mean age, 55.81 ± 9.43 years; range, 35–78 years) including 89 men and 41 women.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, DISCO, liver acquisition with volume acceleration‐flexible (LAVA‐Flex), CTA.AssessmentA simple randomization was conducted and the study was subdivided into study part I (DISCO vs. SAP) and study part II (DISCO vs. CTA). Ten hepatic arterial segments were independently evaluated by three readers in the axial plane and the quality of hepatic arterial display was assessed using a four‐point scale.Statistical TestsKendall's W‐test, χ2 test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.ResultsExcellent interobserver agreement was obtained for hepatic arterial display (all Kendall's W values >0.80). For study part I, the mean arterial display scores for the common hepatic artery (CHA), proper hepatic artery (PHA), left hepatic artery (LHA), right hepatic artery (RHA), left gastric artery (LGA), and gastroduodenal artery (GDA) obtained with DISCO were higher than that obtained with SAP imaging (all P < 0.01). For study part II, comparable image quality for CHA (P = 0.798), PHA (P = 0.440), LHA (P = 0.211), RHA (P = 0.775) LGA (P = 0.468), and GDA (P = 0.801) was obtained with DISCO and CTA.Data ConclusionThe use of MAP acquisition with DISCO is superior to the use of SAP in hepatic arterial display and compares favorably with CTA; in the future, DISCO possibly can replace the latter ionization‐related method to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the liver arterial vessels.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1766–1776.
Bulk motion‐compensated DCE‐MRI for functional imaging of kidneys in newborns
Authors: Coll‐Font Jaume , Afacan Onur , Chow Jeanne S. , Lee Richard S. , Stemmer Alto , Warfield Simon K. , Kurugol Sila 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundEvaluation of kidney function in newborns with hydronephrosis is important for clinical decisions. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI can provide the necessary anatomical and functional information. Golden angle dynamic radial acquisition and compressed sensing reconstruction provides sufficient spatiotemporal resolution to achieve accurate parameter estimation for functional imaging of kidneys. However, bulk motion during imaging (rigid or nonrigid movement of the subject resulting in signal dropout) remains an unresolved challenge.PurposeTo evaluate a motion‐compensated (MoCo) DCE‐MRI technique for robust evaluation of kidney function in newborns. Our method includes: 1) motion detection, 2) motion‐robust image reconstruction, 3) joint realignment of the volumes, and 4) tracer‐kinetic (TK) model fitting to evaluate kidney function parameters.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsEleven newborn patients (ages <6 months, 6 female).Field Strength/Sequence3T; dynamic "stack‐of‐stars" 3D fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) sequence using a multichannel body‐matrix coil.AssessmentWe evaluated the proposed technique in terms of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed images, the presence of discontinuities in the contrast agent concentration time curves due to motion with a total variation (TV) metric and the goodness of fit of the TK model, and the standard variation of its parameters.Statistical TestsWe used a paired t‐test to compare the MoCo and no‐MoCo results.ResultsThe proposed MoCo method successfully detected motion and improved the SNR by 3.3 (P = 0.012) and decreased TV by 0.374 (P = 0.017) across all subjects. Moreover, it decreased nRMSE of the TK model fit for the subjects with less than five isolated bulk motion events in 6 minutes (mean 1.53, P = 0.043), but not for the subjects with more frequent events or no motion (P = 0.745 and P = 0.683).Data ConclusionOur results indicate that the proposed MoCo technique improves the image quality and accuracy of the TK model fit for subjects who present isolated bulk motion events.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:207–216.
Representative general circulation models selection and downscaling of climate data for the transboundary Koshi river basin in China and Nepal
Authors: Kaini Santosh , Nepal Santosh , Pradhananga Saurav , Gardner Ted , Sharma Ashok K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe selection of general circulation models (GCMs) with high capability to represent the past and likely future climate for a specific geographical location is a crucial step to assess impacts of climate change on different sectors. This study included pool of 105 and 78 GCMs for representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, respectively, from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project—Phase 5, applied an advanced envelope‐based selection approach to select representative GCMs for the Koshi river basin in China and Nepal at short‐term (2016–2045), mid‐century (2036–2065) and end‐of‐century (2071–2100) periods, and developed range of possible future precipitation and temperature scenarios with high resolution downscaled data (10 × 10 km2), which is the novelty contribution of the study. Considering RCP4.5, average annual precipitation is expected to increase by 0–16%, 4–23% and 4–24% in the short‐term, mid‐century and end‐of‐century periods, respectively. Using RCP8.5, equivalent predictions are 6–20%, 6–36% and 13–49% in the short‐term, mid‐century and end‐of‐century periods, respectively. Average annual temperature is expected to increase, but with higher increases during winter than in the monsoon period. Considering RCP4.5, average annual temperature is expected to increase by 1–1.4°C, 1.3–1.9°C and 1.6–2.8°C in the short‐term, mid‐century and end‐of‐century periods, respectively. Similarly, using RCP8.5, equivalent predictions are 1–1.6°C, 1.8–2.9°C and 3.1–5.6°C in the short‐term, mid‐century and end‐of‐century periods, respectively. The ensemble mean of absolute change in average precipitation and temperature projects that High Himalaya and Tibet regions are more sensitive to climate change considering precipitation and temperature, respectively. The results also suggest that GCMs selection for a catchment varies with climate scenarios and specific future time periods.
The role of operational expenditures and misalignments in fundraising for international humanitarian aid
Authors: Turrini Laura , Besiou Maria , Papies Dominik , Meissner Joern 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFunding for international humanitarian aid falls far behind demand for disaster response, hampering the operations of international humanitarian organizations (IHOs). One remedy to close this gap is to increase the effectiveness of fundraising activities for IHOs. This remedy means spending as little as possible in fundraising activities but, at the same time, still receiving sufficient donations to implement disaster response programs in response to the needs that arise when disasters occur. We contribute to the literature by theoretically developing and estimating a conceptual framework that links donation behavior to the operations that IHOs aim to pursue; the framework incorporates operational costs communicated in appeals, fundraising efforts, and media attention. We argue that effects are not homogenous across disasters but that IHOs can leverage public attention and disaster and appeal characteristics, such as operational costs, to increase donations. We test the framework on a unique data set for disaster response programs operated by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), covering 174 disasters to which the IFRC responded between 2010 and 2017.
Ultrasonography for chairside evaluation of periodontal structures: A pilot study
Authors: Tattan Mustafa , Sinjab Khaled , Lee Eunjee , Arnett Michelle , Oh Tae‐Ju , Wang Hom‐Lay , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Kripfgans Oliver D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe crestal bone level and soft tissue dimension are essential for periodontal diagnosis and phenotype determination; yet, existing measurement methods have limitations. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the correlation and accuracy of ultrasound in measuring periodontal dimensions, compared to direct clinical and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods.MethodsA 24‐MHz ultrasound probe prototype, specifically designed for intraoral use, was employed. Periodontal soft tissue dimensions and crestal bone levels were measured at 40 teeth and 20 single missing tooth gaps from 20 patients scheduled to receive a dental implant surgery. The ultrasound images were interpreted by two calibrated examiners. Inter‐rater agreement was calculated by using inter‐rater correlation coefficient (ICC). Ultrasound readings were compared with direct clinical and CBCT readings by using ICC and Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsThe following six parameters were measured: 1) interdental papilla height (tooth), 2) mid‐facial soft tissue height (tooth), 3) mucosal thickness (tooth), 4) soft tissue height (edentulous ridge), 5) mucosal thickness (edentulous ridge), and 6) crestal bone level (tooth). Intra‐examiner calibrations were exercised to achieve an agreement of at least 0.8. ICC between the two readers ranged from 0.482 to 0.881. ICC between ultrasound and direct readings ranged from 0.667 to 0.957. The mean difference in mucosal thickness (tooth) between the ultrasound and direct readings was −0.015 mm (95% CI: −0.655 to 0.624 mm) without statistical significance. ICC between ultrasound and CBCT ranged from 0.654 to 0.849 among the measured parameters. The mean differences between ultrasound and CBCT range from −0.213 to 0.455 mm, without statistical significance.ConclusionUltrasonic imaging can be valuable for accurate and real‐time periodontal diagnosis without concerns about ionizing radiation.
Benefit of postoperative radiotherapy for early tumors with single ipsilateral lymph node metastasis
Authors: Weiss Bernhard G. , Anczykowski Mahalia Z. , Flach Susanne , Spiegel Jennifer L. , Kitz Julia , Bertlich Mattis , Canis Martin , Jakob Mark , Ihler Friedrich 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisIndication for postoperative radiotherapy in patients with locally circumscribed tumors (pT1–pT2) and a single ipsilateral lymph node metastasis (pN1) is debatable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oncological long‐term outcome of patients with pT1‐pT2 pN1 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, the oropharynx, and the hypopharynx without extracapsular spread (ECS) after a margin‐negative surgical resection, who either received or did not receive postoperative (chemo)radiotherapy.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsThe oncological outcome of patients with pT1‐pT2 pN1 SCC without ECS was evaluated retrospectively. All patients underwent primary tumor resection that included transoral laser microsurgery and neck dissection at an academic tertiary referral center.ResultsOf 65 identified patients treated between 1986 and 2015 (18 oral cavity, 30 oropharynx, 17 hypopharynx), 21 (32%) received postoperative radiotherapy, and 44 (68%) were treated by surgery alone. The group of patients receiving postoperative treatment showed a significantly superior 5‐year disease‐specific (94.4% vs. 73.2%, P = .029) and recurrence‐free survival (85.2% vs. 43.2%, P = .002), as well as a higher local control rate (90.2% vs. 64.9%, P = .042). The overall survival was 71.4% vs. 62.6% (P = .53). The mean follow‐up was 80.7 months.ConclusionsPatients with locally circumscribed carcinomas and a single ipsilateral ECS‐negative lymph node metastasis seem to benefit from postoperative radiotherapy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E530–E538, 2020