bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemically Induced Branching of Woody Landscape Plants
Authors: Keever Gary J. , Foster William J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Axillary budbreak of Ilex Crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’ and ‘Ilex vomitoria’ Ait. ‘Stoke's Dwarf’ hollies was promoted by a single BA (N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine) application of 125–1000 ppm compared to an unpruned control. Budbreak of Photinia × Fraseri Dress was stimulated by 500–2500 ppm BA and 2000–5000 ppm Promalin (BA + GA4+7). Budbreak in Nandina domestica Thunb. ‘Harbour Dwarf’ increased with 1000–2500 ppm BA and 2000–5000 ppm Promalin application. Budbreak of Rhododendron × ‘Formosa’ azalea was promoted by 2000 and 2500 ppm BA and 2000–5000 ppm Promalin. Axillary budbreak of Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight & Arn.) T. Sprague) and Raphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. was not affected by BA or Promalin application.
Growth of Capillary-Irrigated Andorra Juniper and Sarcoxie Euonymus as Affected by Controlled Release Fertilizer Type and Placement
Authors: Hicklenton Peter R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Juniperus horizontalis Moench. ‘Plumosa compacata’ and Euonymus fortunei Turcz. ‘Sarcoxie’ were grown on a sand capillary bed with two types of controlled release fertilizer (3:1 Type 100:Type 40 Nutricote 16N-4.4P-8.1K (16-10-10),and Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.7K (18-6-12) either medium-incorporated, surface-applied or dibbled below the roots. Throughout the growing season, neither leaf area, root or shoot dry weight of euonymus was affected by fertilizer type or placement. Branch length growth and dry weight of juniper was not affected by fertilizer type when fertilizer was surface-applied or medium incorporated. Dibbled Osmocote produced similar results, but dibbled Nutricote resulted in poor root and shoot development in juniper throughout the season. Medium soluble salt concentration (determined on container leachate) was 2800 dS/m in the dibbled Nutricote treatments in June (approximately 2.5 times higher than that in the other treatments). Soluble salts decreased between June 21 and August 16 in all treatments and then remained quite constant until the end of the season (September 13).
Effect of Air and Growing Medium Temperatures on Rhizoctonia Foot Rot of Epipremnum aureum
Authors: Chase A.R. , Poole R.T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Air and growing medium temperatures affected severity of foot rot of Epipremnum aureum (pothos) caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG4. Maximum daily temperatures of 30°C (86°F) for either air or soil resulted in optimal disease development. Maximum daily temperatures of 35°C (95°F) decreased disease development significantly due to fungal pathogen growth reduction. A continuous temperature of 30°C (86°F) was also too high for significant disease development.
Leachate Electrical Conductivity and pH for Ten Foliage Plants
Authors: Poole R.T. , Conover C.A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Most foliage plant varieties tested produce salable plants when fertilized with a wide range of rates. About 5 grams 19N-2.6P-10K (19-6-12) per 15 cm pot per 3 months resulted in best Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’, Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Compacta’, and Philodendron s. oxycardium. No more than 2.4 grams per pot appears best for Chamaedorea elegans. Aglaonema ‘Silver Queen’, Aphelandra squarrosa ‘Dania’, Codiaeum variegatum ‘Banana’, Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’, Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Camille’ and Epipremnum aureum ‘Marble Queen’ grew best at about 10 grams per pot per 3 mos. Only P. s. oxycardium and C. elegans had a narrow requirement for fertilization levels. Electrical conductivity (EC) of leachate obtained from pots of best quality plants had a very wide range indicating leachate EC is a poor indicator for production of quality plants.
Growth Inhibition of Ericaceous Plants from Metolachlor
Authors: Frank J. Ray , Beste C. E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a major weed problem in many perennial woody crops. Dual 8E4 (metolachlor) at 4.5, 6.7, 9.0 and 13.5 kg/ha (4, 6, 8 and 12 lb/A) was evaluated in the field for 4 years to determine phytotoxicity to 11 varieties of azaleas. Also evaluated were Ericaceous species including coast leucothoe, compact Japanese andromeda, and Rhododendron × ‘PJM’. Fall or spring applications of metolachlor at rates up to 13.5 kg/ha (12.0 lb/A) caused no injury to the established azaleas ‘Delaware Valley White’, ‘Hershey Red’ and ‘Hinocrimson’. Some temporary injury occurred to newly planted ‘Hinocrimson’ azaleas treated with metolachlor at 6.7 kg/ha (6.0 lb/A). A July application at this same rate caused some temporary injury to established ‘Delaware Valley White’, ‘Double Pink’, ‘Hershey Red’, ‘Hot Shot’, ‘Karen’, ‘Lady Robin’, ‘Rosebud’ and ‘Tradition’ azaleas and ‘Coast lecothoe’ and ‘PJM’ rhododendron. No reduction in crop quality or size was observed with any species at time of crop harvest.
Plant Response to Container Planting Method and Media
Authors: Keever Gary J. , Cobb G.S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Shoot dry weight and relative root density of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Compacta’ and Rhododendron obtusum (Lindl.) Planch. ‘Hino Crimson’ were greater when liners were transplanted into holes with a core removed (excavated) compared to holes formed by compression (dibbled). Growth index, relative root density, and shoot dry weight increased as the percent pine bark in the growth media increased from 50% to 80 or 90% pine bark with holly and from 50% to 90% pine bark with azalea. Bulk density decreased and air porosity and irrigation frequency increased as the percent pine bark in pine bark:sandy loam container media increased from 50% to 100%. In a second experiment, root density and shoot dry weight of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’, but not Rhododendron × ‘Trouper’, were greater in pine bark and pine bark-sandy loam media when the planting hole was excavated rather than dibbled. Plant growth of the 2 species in peat-based media was not influenced by planting method.
Tree Root Growth and Development. II. Response to Culture, Management and Planting
Authors: Gilman Edward F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cultural factors influencing root growth in the landscape or nursery include soil management, irrigation, fertilization, shoot pruning and root pruning. These affect root density, depth of penetration, spread, vertical distribution in the soil profile and mineral uptake. Root morphology varies widely among genera, species and individuals within a species. The distribution, length and weight of roots within the root ball of transplanted field-grown trees can be modified with cultural management practices. Growth of transplanted trees may be affected by these modifications. Root spread diameter increases at a rate of 0.9–2.4 m (36–96 in)/year following planting. From 1 to 10 years is required to replace the pre-transplant root system for trees transplanted from field nurseries. Root system in urban environments can be modified by cultural techniques which direct their growth.
Chilling and Bud Break in Silver Maple2
Authors: Ashby W. Clark , Bresnan Damian F. , Huettemen Carl A. , Preece John E. , Roth Paul L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) goes dormant in the autumn and is greatly delayed in bud break unless the buds are exposed to prolonged low temperature. Approximately 1000 hours below 4°C (39°F) under natural conditions (early March in southern Illinois) will bring about bud break 2 to 3 weeks after juvenile plants are put under favorable growing conditions. Chilling in a dark cold room at 4°C (39°F) separated from natural changes required a greater number of hours, approximately 2000, for a similar response. Bud break for subterminal buds was earlier than for terminal buds on insufficiently chilled stem segments or larger plantlets. Terminal buds broke first with longer chilling periods. Rooted cuttings from adult trees had a greater chilling requirement than juvenile plant material, either micropropagated plantlets or segments from shoots. No geographic or provenance variation in response to chilling was observed within 11 provenances ranging from Mississippi to central Ontario to New Hampshire to West Virginia. Silver maple was similar to sugar maple and basswood in its chilling requirement. It was unlike red maple which has a chilling requirement in some but not all parts of its range.
Seasonal Abundance and Control of the Rhododendron Gall Midge, Clinodiplosis rhododendri (Felt), in Container Grown Rhododendron catawbiense Michaux
Authors: Hanula James L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The seasonal abundance and control of the rhododendron gall midge, Clinodiplosis rhododendri (Felt), were investigated on container grown Rhododendron catawbiense Michaux. Most of the midge population studied completed 3 generations, and at least some completed 4–5 generations during the growing season (May–October 1989). Adults that developed from overwintered larvae began emerging on May 14, 1989. Three of the peaks in adult emergence coincided with bud break during the three growth flushes observed in the nursery. Only 20% of the buds were infested during the first growth flush, while 95% were infested during the second and third growth flushes. The low level of infestation during the early growth period provides an opportunity to detect an infestation before extensive damage occurs.
Five insecticides were tested as soil drenches to control overwintering larvae. All five were equally effective and reduced the number of emerging adults by 95–100%. Further tests with Dursban 2E (chlorpyrifos) showed that soil surface applications were also effective, and that the timing of irrigation did not affect control. Soil drenches with two additional materials, Safer's insecticidal soap and Pratt horticultural oil, were not effective.
Stock Plant Nutrition Influences the Adventitious Rooting of ‘Rotundifolia’ Holly Stem Cuttings
Authors: Rein William H. , Wright Robert D. , Wolf Dale D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Containerized stock plants of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Rotundifolia’ were liquid-fertilized at least three times per week with nitrogen (N) at five rates (25, 50, 100,200, and 300 mg N/l) and in two forms (100% NH4NO3 or 50% NH4NO3 + 50% urea) in a factorial treatment design. Phosphorus and potassium were included in a constant ratio with N (100 N:15 P:50 K). Leaf and stem percent N levels were suboptimal at the lowest fertilizer rate and excessive at the highest fertilizer rate. Percent rooting of stem cuttings decreased linearly with fertilizer rate. With increasing fertilizer rates, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) levels increased in leaves and remained constant in stems. Stem cutting percent moisture increased and was highly correlated with fertilizer rate. The form of N applied made no statistical difference in these trends. The decrease in percent rooting with increasing fertilizer rates was attributed to increases in shoot growth activity and decreased tissue maturation.
Whole-Plant Response of Selected Woody Landscape Species to Uniconazole
Authors: Warren Stuart L. , Blazich Frank A. , Thetford Mack 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Uniconazole was applied as a foliar spray or medium drench to six woody landscape species: ‘Sunglow’ azalea; flame azalea; ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia; ‘Compacta’ holly; ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly; and mountain pieris. One hundred days after uniconazole application, leaf, stem, and top dry weight of all species, except flame azalea and mountain pieris, decreased as uniconazole concentration increased. Compared to controls, stem and leaf dry weight were reduced by uniconazole 18 to 60% and 13 to 32%, respectively, depending on species and method of application. Stem dry weight was reduced to a greater degree, compared to leaf dry weight. For all species, drench application was more effective than foliar spray in reducing leaf, stem, and top dry weight. Leaf area of ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly decreased with increasing rates. However, specific leaf weight was not affected. Uniconazole did not significantly affect leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance or internal leaf CO2 concentrations in ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia or ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly. No phytotoxicity was observed on any species.
Mist Water Quality, Rooting Hormone, Collection Time, and Medium Effect on Propagation of Pittosporum Tobira (Thunb.) Ait.
Authors: Wang Yin-Tung 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cuttings of Japanese pittosporum (Pittosporum Tobira (Thunb.) Ait.) were collected in February, April, June, October and December 1987 and rooted in a mist propagation bed with 0, 1250, 2500, 5000 or 10000 mg/l (ppm) IBA in 50% ethanol under a mist of low-salt (EC ≤ 0.03 dS/m) or saline (EC = 0.96 to 1.50 dS/m) water. Regardless of collection time, IBA either did not improve or adversely affected rooting. Rooting percentages of all cuttings were acceptable with no response to water salinity, except those collected in June which had poor performance when misted with saline water. In another test, P. Toblra cuttings rooted in fine grade vermiculite and equal volumes of perlite and coarse grade vermiculite had superior performance to perlite.
Production and Postproduction Performance of Uniconazole-Treated Bedding Plants
Authors: Keever Gary J. , Foster William J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Growth and flowering responses of Pelargonium × hortorum L. H. Bailey ‘Ringo Deep Scarlet’, Tagetes erecta L. ‘Inca Orange’, Viola × wittrockiana Gams. ‘Blue Shades’, Impatiens × ‘Zenith’ and Salvia farinacea Benth. ‘Victoria Blue’ to uniconazole applied at the seedling stage were evaluated at the end of production and 5 to 7 weeks after transplanting into the landscape (geranium, impatiens and salvia only). A drought stress evaluation was also conducted. Response to uniconazole varied with species, sampling date and uniconazole concentration. Growth of all species was suppressed when measured 4½ to 8½ weeks after treatment (WAT), and stress tolerance of all species except marigold increased with increasing concentrations of uniconazole. Flowering generally was delayed with uniconazole. Impatiens and geranium treated with 10 ppm or less of uniconazole were similar in height to nontreated plants 5 to 7 weeks after being transplanted; at this time, uniconazole had no effect on plant height or shoot dry weight of salvia. Daminozide applied once as a 5000 ppm foliar spray was not effective in suppressing vegetative growth of any of the tested species.
Growth and Water Status of Pruned and Unpruned Woody Landscape Plants Treated with Sumagic (Uniconazole), Cutless (Flurprimidol), or Atrimmec (Dikegulac)
Authors: Norcini Jeffrey G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Efficacy of Cutless (flurprimidol), Sumagic (uniconazole), and Atrimmec (dikegulac) as affected by application date after pruning was investigated with Pyracantha × ‘Teton’, Ligustrum × vicaryi, and Euonymus fortunei var. coloratus. Cutless (flurprimidol) applied to the medium surface, or foliar sprays of Sumagic (uniconazole) or Atrimmec (dikegulac) were applied 1, 2, 3 or 7 days after pruning (DAP) and to unpruned plants in spring 1989. Height and width were recorded weekly into November, 1989. The effect of these plant growth regulators (PGRs) on short-term plant water relations was measured at 2, 3, 18, 22, or 24 days on unpruned plants and plants treated 2 DAP. Growth rate of Pyracantha was reduced for 6 to 7 weeks if Sumagic (uniconazole) was applied 2 DAP or less, or to unpruned plants; otherwise growth rate was reduced 4 to 5 weeks. Sumagic (uniconazole) reduced Pyracantha growth rate more than Atrimmec (dikegulac); however, Atrimmec-treated plants had a more normal growth habit by the end of the experiment. Atrimmec (dikegulac) also suppressed Ligustrum growth without detrimentally affecting plant appearance. Cutless (flurprimidol) was the only PGR that effectively inhibited growth of Euonymus; however, this treatment excessively dwarfed Pyracantha and Ligustrum. The influence of Atrimmec (dikegulac) and Cutless (flurprimidol) on leaf area varied with the species, and pruning had no effect. Short-ternl effects of Sumagic (uniconazole), Cutless (flurprimidol), and Atrimmec (dikegulac) on transpiration and stomatal conductance to water vapor were species dependent, with some species exhibiting partial stomatal closure. Improvement of plant water status (stem water potential and relative leaf water content) occurred in some cases.
Algerian Inuleae tribe species distribution modeling underinfluence of current and future climate conditions
Authors: Tahri Djilali , Elhouiti Fatiha , Ouinten Mohamed , Yousfi Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aims to predict the impact of bioclimatic variables in current and future climatic scenarios on the distribution of Inuleae tribe species. Modeling the distribution of 30 species of the Inuleae tribe in Algeria was carried out with a maximum entropy model. Two models with 99 occurrence points were obtained with mean values of Area Under a Curve (AUC) of 0.987±0.01 and 0.971±0.02, reflecting excellent predictive power. Three bioclimatic variables contributed mainly to the first model and four - to the second one with cumulative contributions of 83.8% and 79%, respectively elucidating differences between species of the two major climatic zones in Algeria: the Tell and the Sahara. Two-dimensional niches of Algerian Inuleae species allowed to distinguish these two groups with the distribution of 18 Tell species, characterized by high rainfall (14-18°C, 400-1000 mm) and the other 12 species – distributed in hot and dry environments (17-24°C, 20-200 mm). Modeling the distribution under future conditions showed that habitats of the Saharan region would be much less suitable for these species with a variation in the annual mean temperature increase up to 20% and a decrease in annual precipitation, which could raise to 11 and 15%.
A Study of the Durability of Concrete Reinforced with Hemp Fibers Exposed to External Sulfatic Attack
Authors: Ziane Sami , Khelifa Mohammed-Rissel , Mezhoud Samy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the durability of concrete reinforced with hemp fibers in the face of external Sulfatic attack. For this purpose, five types of concrete were formulated; three types of concrete reinforced with hemp fibers (HC-0.25, HC-0.5, and HC-1) at 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1 % of hemp fibers in volume, respectively. And two control concretes, being ordinary concrete (OC) and polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PC). To assess the sulfatic attacks, the described concrete types underwent two aging protocols: 1) a complete immersion in 12.5 % Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) solution, and 2) an accelerated aging protocol consisting of immersion/drying in the same sulfate solution at a temperature of 60°C. The results show that concrete reinforced with 0.25 % of hemp fibers is the optimal amount compared to control concretes in terms of physico-mechanical performance and durability under sulfate attack. This number of fibers could enable the production of green and durable structural concretes based on untreated hemp fibers.
Genetic Characterization of Tunisian Lime Genotypes Using Pomological Traits
Authors: Saddoud Debbabi Olfa , Abdelaali Selma Ben , Bouhlal Rym , Zneidi Sabrine , Abdelaali Nasr Ben , Mars Massaoud 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Citrus genus includes a wide number of species that have been long cultivated and well adapted in Tunisia. It is represented by small number of plantations and considered as underutilized in Tunisia. Our goal was to genetically characterize Tunisian lime genotypes to obtain data useful for gene conservation and breeding purposes. The survey of genotypes was conducted in the Cap Bon region, where citrus cultivation is the most spread. Sixteen quantitative and 19 qualitative parameters were evaluated. The observed accessions belonged to three different species: Citrus limetta, Citrus latifolia (limes Byrsa), and Citrus limettioides (limes of Palestine) according to Tanaka classification. Principal component analysis confirmed these classifications. Four-cell analysis (FCA) was used to determine the most threatened genotypes. Quantitative traits were evaluated and allowed the discrimination between genotypes. Many quantitative traits of fruit and juice were highly positively and significantly correlated. Phenotypic diversity was determined using Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’). The highest value of diversity index was observed for both vesicle thickness and thickness of segment walls (H’ = 0.98). Intermediate values were observed for both fruit axis (H’= 0.49) and pulp firmness (H’ = 0.43). However, fruit shape (H’ = 0.24), shape of fruit apex (H’ = 0.24), and vesicle length (H’ = 0.33) presented the lowest values of diversity index. Current findings will be useful to conserve threatened genotypes ex situ and on farm and also will guide strategic conservation on Citrus genetic resources for future breeding programs.
LA CORPORALIDAD EN EL DISPOSITIVO ÁULICO UNIVERSITARIO
Authors: Bonvillani Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la dimensión de la corporalidad en la experiencia de enseñar y aprender en el ámbito universitario. Aunque relevante en una comprensión integral de las vivencias humanas, la misma no ha sido suficientemente considerada, en especial en el nivel superior-universitario. Recuperando registros de clases realizados por la autora, así como por otros integrantes de una materia de la carrera de Psicología, en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina) y de los propios estudiantes cursantes, a través de un análisis cualitativo, se propone responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿qué permite poner en visibilidad el dispositivo áulico universitario acerca de la corporalidad de los participantes? Consecuentemente, ¿qué invisibiliza?; ¿qué sucede cuando en la universidad se trabaja desde sensaciones corporales, a partir del encuentro con uno mismo y con los otros, como experiencia que posibilita la construcción de saberes? En conclusión se propone que el dispositivo áulico universitario produce disciplinamientos en la corporalidad de estudiantes y profesores, pero también aloja pliegues donde es posible algún gesto emancipatorio. Este logro depende, en parte, de la escucha de los sentires silenciados.
EXPERIENCIAS FORMATIVAS DE EDUCACIÓN INDÍGENA EN COLOMBIA Y CHILE: UN APORTE A LA EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL LATINOAMERICANA
Authors: Calderón Leyton Elia 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo se basa en el análisis de la interculturalidad y la Pedagogía intercultural que se han creado en Latinoamérica para dar respuesta a la demanda en educación intercultural, haciendo referencia a los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes en Latinoamérica. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el curso en el programa de formación de profesores indígenas de la Licenciatura en Pedagogía de la Madre Tierra (LPMT) de la Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia y la formación práctica de formación inicial docente en educación básica intercultural de la Universidad Católica de Temuco. El problema que se discute es la confrontación de saberes y conocimientos de personas pertenecientes a esferas culturales diferentes, en el marco de la educación intercultural en el contexto latinoamericano. Por último, se plantean posibles soluciones para mejorar la educación intercultural y lograr su revitalización.