bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects Of Home-Based Inspiratory Muscle Training In Sickle Cell Disease (Scd) Patients
Authors: Galvão Fabio , ZANONI CAMILA TATIANA , MOREIRA MARCOS MELLO , PASCHOAL ILMA APARECIDA , Saad Sara Olalla 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in adult sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in relation to respiratory muscle strength (RMS) variables; lung function; exercise tolerance; blood lactation concentration; limitation imposed by dyspnea in activities of daily living and; impact of fatigue on quality of life. METHODS: a randomized, single-blind study, with true load (TG) and sham load group (SG) design of IMT. Initial assessment included spirometry, volumetric capnography (VCap), and measurement of RMS by maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (PImax and PEmax). The Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale and the modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS) were also applied, and blood lactate concentration (Lac) was measured before and after the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). After this initial assessment, the patient used the IMT device at home daily, returning every 6 weeks for RMS reassessment. Both groups used the same device and were unaware of which group they were in. After a total period of 18 weeks, the patients underwent the final evaluation as initially performed.RESULTS: 25 patients in total participated up to the end of the study (median age 42 years). There were no significant differences between TG and SG groups based on age, sex, body mass index, severity of genotype. At the end of the training, in both groups there was a significant increase in PEmax and PImax, improvement in Vcap and in exercise tolerance and reduction of dyspnea in performing daily life activities. The same improvement was observed in patients grouped according to disease severity (SS and Sβ 0 vs SC and Sβ + ), without differences between groups. CONCLUSION: home-based inspiratory muscle training brings benefits to outpatients with SCD.
Efficacy of Smartphone Learning Versus Lecture-Based Learning for Instruction of Cephalometric Landmark Identification
Authors: Golshah Amin , Dehdar Fatemeh , Imani Mohammad Moslem , Nikkerdar Nafiseh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Considering the increasing popularity of electronic learning, particularly smartphone learning, and its reportedly optimal efficacy for instruction of complicated topics, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of smartphone learning versus lecture-based learning for instruction of cephalometric landmark identification.Methods: This quasi-experimental interventional study evaluated 53 dental students (4 th year) in two groups of intervention (n=27; smartphone instruction using an application) and control (n=26, traditional lecture-based instruction). Two weeks after the instructions, dental students were asked to identify four landmarks namely the posterior nasal spine (PNS), orbitale (Or), articulare (Ar) and gonion (Go) on lateral cephalograms. The mean coordinates of each landmark identified by orthodontists served as the reference point and the mean distance from each identified point to the reference point was reported as the mean consistency while the standard deviation of this mean was reported as precision of measurement. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 via independent sample t-test.Results: No significant difference was noted between the two groups in identification of PNS, Ar or Go (P>0.05). However, the mean error rate in identification of Or was significantly lower in smartphone group compared with the traditional learning group (P=0.020).Conclusions: Smartphone learning had a comparable, and even superior, efficacy to lecture-based learning for instruction of cephalometric landmark identification, and is recommended to enhance the instruction of complicated topics.
Should syndesmotic screws be removed or retained? A meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Wanjin , Yang Peng , Lv Nanning , Chen Kaiwen , Yang Huilin , Shen Minjie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the different clinical outcomes after removing or retaining syndesmotic screws, and the difference in clinical outcomes after retaining broken or loose syndesmotic screws was also evaluated. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In this meta-analysis, we conducted online searches using the search terms “syndesmotic diastasis”, “syndesmotic injury”, “syndesmotic screw”, “syndesmotic fixation”, and “tibiofibular syndesmosis”. The analysis was performed on individual patient data from all the studies that met the selection criteria. Clinical outcomes were expressed as standard mean differences for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi 2 test and the I 2 statistic. Results There were 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 6 observational articles included in this analysis. In the comparison between retained and removed screws and the comparison between broken or loose and removed screws, no significant difference was found in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS), Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot score. Broken or loose screws were associated with better AOFAS scores compared with removed or intact screws, and no significant difference was found in terms of VAS and OMAS scores. Conclusions According to our analysis, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between removed and retained screws. Broken or loose screws were not associated with bad functional outcomes and may even lead to better function compared with removed or retained screws.
Targeted Inhibition of STAT3 in Neural Stem Cells Promotes Neuronal Differentiation and Functional Recovery in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Li Tingting , zhao xiaoyang , Duan Jing , Cui Shangbin , Zhu Kai , Wan Yong , Liu Shaoyu , Peng Zhiming , Wang Le 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSignal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) is expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs), and some studies have shown that STAT3 is involved in regulating NSC differentiation. However, the possible molecular mechanism and the role of STAT3 in spinal cord injury (SCI) are unknown. Thus, in the present study, we identified possible molecular mechanisms by which STAT3 regulates NSC differentiation in vitro and investigated the potential therapeutic effect of transplanting STAT3-silenced NSCs in rat SCI models in vivo.MethodsIn vitro, NSCs were divided into the following three groups: control, control shRNA, and STAT3-shRNA lentivirus groups. NSCs in each treatment group were examined for neuronal differentiation via immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis was used to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. In vivo, the rats were divided into four groups that underwent laminectomy and complete spinal cord transection accompanied by transplantation of control-shRNA-treated or STAT3-shRNA-treated NSCs at the injured site. Spinal cord-evoked potentials and the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score were used to examine functional recovery after SCI. Axonal regeneration and tissue repair were assessed via retrograde tracing using Fluorogold, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence.ResultsKnockdown of STAT3 promoted neuronal differentiation in NSCs and mechanistic target of mammal rapamycin (mTOR) activation in vitro, and transplantation of STAT3-RNAi-treated NSCs enhanced rat functional recovery and tissue repair, as well as neuronal differentiation of the transplanted NSCs in vivo.ConclusionsWe have provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that STAT3 is a negative regulator of NSC neuronal differentiation. Transplantation of STAT3-inhibited NSCs appears to be a promising potential strategy for enhancing the benefit of NSC-mediated regenerative cell therapy for SCI.
A New grading system based on T2-weighted axial MRI for Cervical Canal Stenosis
Authors: Wang Shaoyi , Zhao Yunpeng , Wei Jianlu , Pan Xin , Nie Lin , Shi Jie , Cheng Lei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Cervical Canal Stenosis (CCS) is a common cervical disease that occurs during and after middle age. There are a variety of grading systems and Measurement methods based on X-ray, Computed Tomography(CT) for cervical canal stenosis. Although many authors measured and classified cervical canal stenosis on the basis of T2-weighted sagittal MRI after the appearance of magnetic resonance, the research on Cervical Canal Stenosis remains to be improved.Purposes: To explore a more detailed grading system on MRI for cervical canal stenosis and could be used to the clinical diagnosis and treatment.Patient and Methods: We retrospectively studied 200 patients with cervical spinal stenosis. Cervical canal stenosis was classified according to the T2-weighted axial MRI with the most serious compression into the following grades: grade 0,normal; grade 1, mild canal stenosis with obliteration of anterior or posterior of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space ; grade 2, moderate canal stenosis with obliteration of both sides of the CSF space but no significant changes in spinal morphology; Grade 3, severe canal stenosis with spinal cord deformity, 3A the oppression ratio of cervical spinal cord is under 50%, 3B the oppression ratio of cervical spinal cord is between 50% to 75%, 3C the angle of the protrusion less than 90°; Grade 4, serious canal stenosis with spinal cord deformity and the oppression ratio of cervical spinal cord is exceeding 75%, 4A the non-ossification protrusion, 4B the ossific protrusion. We collected the relevant clinical and imaging data of the patients and analyzed the relationship between them and our new grading system. Patients were followed up one year later.Results: Our new grading system was easy to learn and communication. The the ICC reliabilities between six readers was between 0.817-0.865. And the Effective sagittal spinal canal was significantly different along with our grades at each disc level. In terms of clinical data, our grading system is correlated with the patient's preoperative JOA score and had impact on the choice of surgical strategy.Conclusions: We suggest our new grading system can provided as a reliable assessment that can guide clinical treatment for Cervical Canal Stenosis.
Targeting of Periprosthetic Muscles for the Ultrasonographic Screening of Hip Abnormalities in Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Choe Hyonmin , Kobayashi Naomi , Ike Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Daigo , Watanabe Shintaro , Higashihira Shota , Otoshi Akio , Miyatake Kazuma , Inaba Yutaka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) patients require subsequent annual screening for possible post-operative complications. Ultrasonography is an established method for this purpose but lacks a screening protocol for hip joints. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography for detecting post-operative complications in HRA patients using a screening protocol that specifically targets periprosthetic muscles.Methods: We enrolled 45 hips from 40 HRA patients with mean age of 50 years at the time of surgery and a mean follow-up period of 8.2 years. MRI and ultrasonography scans were simultaneously conducted at follow-up. The ultrasonography assessments were conducted on the anterior, lateral, and posterior part of the hip that targets iliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris, fascia tensor, short rotators, and gluteus minimus, medius, and maximus. The accuracy of diagnosing postoperative abnormalities and the detectability of periprosthetic muscles were compared between these two modalities.Results: Both MRI and ultrasonography detected an abnormal region in 8 cases comprising 2 infections, 2 pseudotumors, and 4 patients with greater trochanteric bursitis. Among these cases, 4 hips required implant removal. The increase of anterior space, measured as the distance between the iliopsoas and resurfacing head, was a good indicator for the abnormal mass in these 4 HRA cases. In the assessment of periprosthetic muscles, MRI showed a much lower detectability than ultrasonography in the iliopsoas (6.7% vs 100%), gluteus minimus (6.7% vs 88.9%), and short rotators (8.8% vs 71.4%) due to implant halation.Conclusion: With a screening protocol that targets periprosthetic muscles, ultrasonography can detect postoperative complications as effectively as MRI assessments in HRA patients. Moreover, ultrasonography has superior detectability in the periprosthetic muscles of HRA patients, indicating its utility for the screening of small legions in these cases which may not be detectable by MRI.
Cost-utility Analysis of Extensile Lateral Approach Versus Sinus Tarsi Approach in Sanders type II/III Calcaneus Fractures
Authors: Li Zihua , Wu Xinbo , Zhou Haichao , Xu Shaochen , Xiao Fajiao , Huang Hui , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Extensile lateral approach had been recognized as the gold standard technique for displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures (DIACFs) while sinus tarsi approach had been increasingly valued by surgeons. And comparative clinical outcome was shown in both techniques. Appropriate decisions could be made by the clinicians with the help of CUA about optimal healthcare for type II/III calcaneus fracture. Method A single-center, retrospective study was conducted in which basic characteristics, clinical outcomes and health care costs of 109 patients had been obtained and analyzed. Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores, validated by EuroQol five-dimensional-three levels (EQ-5D-3L), were used to enumerate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Cost-effectiveness was determined by the incremental cost per QALY. Results 109 patients were enrolled in our study including 62 in the ELA group and 47 in the STA group. There were no significant differences between these two groups in mean total cost, laboratory and radiographic evaluation expense, surgery, anesthesia and antibiotic expense. The expense of internal fixation materials ($3289.0 ± 543.9) versus ($2630.6 ± 763.7) and analgesia ($145.8 ± 85.6) versus ($102.9 ± 62.7) in ELA group were significantly higher than in the STA group ( P <.001, P =.008, respectively). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores showed significant difference at postoperative 3 and 5 days ( P <.001). American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores and the Bohlers’ and Gissane angle showed no significant differences between the two groups before and after the operation. The cost-effectiveness ratios of ELA and STA were $8766.8±2835.2/QALY and $7914.9 ± 1822.0/QALY respectively and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICERs) of ELA over STA was $32110.00/QALY, but both showed no significant difference. Conclusion Both ELA and STA techniques are effective operative procedures for the patients with calcaneus fracture. Moreover, STA seems to be more reasonable for its merits including less postoperative pain, and less expense of analgesia as well as internal fixation materials.
Posterior surgery assisted by three dimensional printing technology in the treatment of sacroiliac joint tuberculosis
Authors: Yin Xinhua , Yan Liang , Hao Ding Jun , Yang Xiao Bin , Liu Zhongkai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming increasingly important in spinal surgery, and few literatures have reported the surgical management for sacroiliac joint tuberculosis assisted by three dimensional printing technology. Purpose The study aim to assess the efficacy and feasibility of surgical treatment in sacroiliac joint tuberculosis (SJT) by posterior sacroiliac screws fixation, debridement and fusion, which assisted by three dimensional printing technology. Method Twenty-six patients with sacroiliac joint tuberculosis treated by surgery in our department between January 2008 and December 2015 . All the patients were divided into two group base on three dimensional printing technology: 11 cases in Group A underwent posterior debridement, fusion and sacroiliac screws fixation, and 15 cases in Group B underwent posterior debridement, bone graft, sacroiliac screws fixation, and three dimensional printing technology. Clinical and radiographic results for the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results All patients were followed up with an average 33.8±7.9 months (24–48 months). The sacroiliac joint tuberculosis was completely cured and the grafted bones were fused in all 26 patients. No injured nerve or other severe complications occurred in both groups. Group B achieved much better results in time of operation, intra-operative blood loss, and number of intra-operative fluoroscopy than group A ( p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in ESR, fusion time, and VAS score in the last follow-up ( p >0.05). Conclusions The three dimensional printing technology can achieve the better effect in the treatment of sacroiliac joint tuberculosis. Posterior surgery assisted by three dimensional printing technology in the treatment of sacroiliac joint tuberculosis has the characteristics of shorter operative time, less bleeding, and less number of intra-operative fluoroscopy.
Transmissibility of COVID-19 and its association with temperature and humidity
Authors: Guo Xiao-Jing , Zhang Hui , Zeng Yi-Ping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and has spread by human-to-human transmission to other areas. This study evaluated the transmissibility of the infectious disease and analyzed its association with temperature and humidity, in order to put forward suggestions on how to suppress the transmission. Methods: In this study, we revised the reported data in Wuhan to estimate the actual number of confirmed cases. Then we used the equation derived from the Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered (SEIR) model to calculate R0 from January 24, 2020 to February 13, 2020 in 11 major cities in China for comparison. With the calculation results, we conducted correlation analysis and regression analysis between R0 and temperature and humidity to see the impact of weather on the transmissibility of COVID-19. Results: It was estimated that the cumulative number of confirmed cases had exceeded 45,000 by February 13, 2020 in Wuhan. The average R0 in Wuhan was 2.7011, significantly higher than those in other cities ranging from 1.7762 to 2.3700. The inflection points in the cities outside Hubei Province were between January 30, 2020 and February 3, 2020, while there had not been an obvious downward trend of R0 in Wuhan. R0 negatively correlated with both temperature and humidity, which was significant at the 0.01 level. Conclusions: The transmissibility of COVID-19 was strong and importance should be attached to the intervention of its transmission especially in Wuhan. According to the correlation between R0 and weather, the spread of disease will be suppressed as the weather warms.
Characterization of root-knot nematodes infecting mulberry in Southern China
Authors: Zhang Pan , Shao Hudie , You Chunping , Feng Yan , Xie Zhenwen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
China is one of the largest producers of mulberry in the world. With the development of the sericulture industry, several pests and diseases have occurred in rapid succession, chief among which is the root-knot nematode disease affecting mulberry. According to the China cocoon and silk exchange, cocoon prices have doubled since the beginning of 2009 and rose to 92,700 yuan ($135,770) per tonne in mid-April 2010. According to customs statistics, in the first eight months of 2011, China’s silk merchandise exports amounted to 2.39 billion yuan. In this study, sequencing of the rDNA-ITS and D2-D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene was combined with root-knot nematode morphological characteristics to identify the root-knot nematode infecting mulberry in the Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hunan provinces of China. This resulted in the identification of Meloidogyne enterolobii as the causal species of root-knot nematode infections in these regions. Importantly, the morphological data agreed completely with our molecular phenotyping efforts, indicating that rDNA sequencing could provide a more clear-cut and less labor-intensive means of characterizing root-knot nematode infections in the future. The differences between this study and the previous studies were discussed, as well as the damage degree, host species and influence scope of M. enterolobii.
First report of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, on lavender in Turkey
Authors: Özalp Tevfik , Könül Gonca , Ayyıldız Önder , Tülek Adnan , Devran Zübeyir 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lavender is a medicinal and aromatic plant that is widely grown in Turkey. Gall symptoms were observed on roots of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) collected from Kırklareli and Edirne provinces. Egg masses were collected from galled roots. DNA isolated from all samples was screened by species-specific primers belonging to the most common species of root-knot nematodes and M. arenaria was the only species that was identified in all of the samples analyzed. This is the first report of M. arenaria infecting lavender in Turkey.
The effects of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines on the yield and quality of edamame (Glycine max l.) in Arkansas
Authors: Wilkes J. E. , Kirkpatrick T. L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In 2012, the first domestic commercial edamame processing plant was established in Arkansas and edamame production was contracted out to local growers. Although the state is a major soybean producer, studies of nematode effects on edamame are limited. A survey of nematode genera and density in 64 contracted edamame production fields was conducted in 2013 and 2014. In both years, Meloidogyne and Heterodera were present in less than half of the surveyed fields while Pratylenchus was the most prevalent in 2013 and Helicotylenchus in 2014. A microplot study was conducted in 2014 in two locations to evaluate the effects of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita, race 3) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, HG type 2.5.7) on plant growth, yield and food quality components of edamame. Yield was the most consistent factor influenced by nematode pressure with increasing nematode population densities resulting in suppressed pod and seed weight. Additionally, seed protein content was reduced in the highest tested population density of H. glycines. In greenhouse studies, 22 advanced edamame breeding lines from the University of Arkansas soybean breeding program were compared with two susceptible commercial cultivars for suitability as hosts for both M. incognita and H. glycines independently. Four lines showed consistent reductions in M. incognita reproduction relative to the commercial cultivars and could represent sources of moderate resistance for development of future root-knot nematode resistant edamame cultivars.