bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic silencing of clustered tRNA genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hummel Guillaume , Berr Alexandre , Graindorge Stéfanie , Cognat Valérie , Ubrig Elodie , Pflieger David , Molinier Jean , Drouard Laurence 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBeyond their key role in translation, cytosolic transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are involved in a wide range of other biological processes. Nuclear tRNA genes (tDNAs) are transcribed by the RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) and cis-elements, trans-factors as well as genomic features are known to influence their expression. In Arabidopsis, besides a predominant population of dispersed tDNAs spread along the 5 chromosomes, some clustered tDNAs have been identified. Here, we demonstrate that these tDNA clusters are transcriptionally silent and that pathways involved in the maintenance of DNA methylation play a predominant role in their repression. Moreover, we show that clustered tDNAs exhibit repressive chromatin features whilst their dispersed counterparts contain permissive euchromatic marks. This work demonstrates that both genomic and epigenomic contexts are key players in the regulation of tDNAs transcription. The conservation of most of these regulatory processes suggests that this pioneering work in Arabidopsis can provide new insights into the regulation of RNA Pol III transcription in other organisms, including vertebrates.
NG-Circos: next-generation Circos for data visualization and interpretation
Authors: Cui Ya , Cui Zhe , Xu Jianfeng , Hao Dapeng , Shi Jiejun , Wang Dan , Xiao Hui , Duan Xiaohong , Chen Runsheng , Li Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Circos plots are widely used to display multi-dimensional next-generation genomic data, but existing implementations of Circos are not interactive with limited support of data types. Here, we developed next-generation Circos (NG-Circos), a flexible JavaScript-based circular genome visualization tool for designing highly interactive Circos plots using 21 functional modules with various data types. To our knowledge, NG-Circos is the most powerful software to construct interactive Circos plots. By supporting diverse data types in a dynamic browser interface, NG-Circos will accelerate the next-generation data visualization and interpretation, thus promoting the reproducible research in biomedical sciences and beyond. NG-Circos is available at https://wlcb.oit.uci.edu/NG-Circos and https://github.com/YaCui/NG-Circos.
Treatment Switch to Dolutegravir With 2 Nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) in Comparison to Continuation With Protease Inhibitor/Ritonavir Among Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus at Risk for Prior NRTI Resistance: A Cohort Analysis of Real-World Data
Authors: Sangaré Mohamed N’dongo , Baril Jean-Guy , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Ferreira Guerra Steve , Carabali Mabel , Laprise Claudie , Thomas Réjean , Klein Marina , Tremblay Cécile , Roger Michel , Pexos Costa , Greenwald Zoë R , Machouf Nima , Durand Madeleine , Hardy Isabelle , Dakouo Mamadou , Trevisan Andrea , Laporte Louise , Schnitzer Mireille E , Trottier Helen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Switching antiretroviral regimens when human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viremia is controlled for a new regimen is challenging when there is the potential for prior nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance. The objective was to study virologic outcomes after switching to dolutegravir compared with remaining on a boosted protease inhibitor (protease inhibitor/ritonavir [PI/r]) regimen in people with HIV (PWH) with prior documented virologic failure and/or exposure to mono/dual NRTIs.

Methods
We used the Quebec HIV Cohort including 10 219 PWH whose data were collected at 4 sites in Montreal, Canada. We included all PWH with documented virologic failure or exposure to mono/dual NRTI therapy who were virologically suppressed on a PI/r-based regimen for at least 6 months on or after January 1, 2014 (n = 532). A marginal structural Cox model analysis was used to estimate the effect of the switch to dolutegravir on virologic outcome compared with remaining on PI/r. The outcome was defined as 2 consecutive viral loads (VLs) &gt;50 copies/mL or 1 VL &gt;50 copies/mL if it occurred at the last VL available.

Results
Among 532 eligible participants, 216 (40.6%) had their regimen switched to dolutegravir with 2 NRTIs, whereas 316 (59.4%) remained on the PI/r with 2 NRTIs. The weighted hazard ratio for the effect of dolutegravir switch on virologic failure compared with patients whose regimen remained on PI/r was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.21–1.52).

Conclusions
We did not find evidence of an increased risk for virologic failure after switching to dolutegravir from PI/r among patients with previous virologic failure or prior exposure to mono/dual NRTI.
Radiative wind from a luminous star cluster
Authors: Fukue Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We reexamine the steady spherical wind from distributed sources, such as star clusters and a galactic center, taking into account the radiative force from distributed sources and mass reduction via orbital motions. We consider a cold dusty wind, an isothermal gaseous flow, and a nonisothermal general one without/with a central mass and a stagnation radius for various powers of source distributions. We perform singular point analysis for each case, and obtain a transonic solution, if one exists. We find that thermally driven outflows can emerge in limited situations, such that the source distribution is rather steep in the isothermal flow. On the other hand, under the appropriate conditions radiatively driven winds can easily be produced. Radiative cluster winds without a central mass could emerge from newly born star clusters or neutron star clusters, whereas those with a central mass could appear from active galactic nuclei. Radiative cluster winds would also operate in first star clusters.
Changes of drinking behavior in Korean pregnant women for the last 20 year
Authors: Seo Bi-A , Kim Sung-Gon , Huh Sung-Young , Lee Dong-Hyeong , An Hyun-Sook , Lee So-Young , Kim Hyeon Kyeong , Choi Ji-Min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study is to investigate the drinking behavior of Korean pregnant women in 2017 and to compare the changes of drinking status with the results of the research conducted in 1997 and 2008.

Methods
Pregnant women at one obstetrics and gynecology hospital and one university hospital were the subjects of the study. They were filled out questionnaire.

Results
The rate of positive responses to CAGE increased 16.0% in 2008 and 16.3% in 2017 compared to 11.8% in 1997 (P = 0.046). Blackout history rate was keep increasing from 1997 to 2017 (8.8% versus 27.7% versus 36.3%, P &lt; 0.001). The rate of family history of alcohol was nearly doubled in 2017 (30.3%) compared to 1997 (17.6%) and 2008 (16.3) (P &lt; 0.001). The rate of pregnant women who drink alcohol during pregnancy decreased from 57.5% in 1997 to 39.5% in 2008 and decreased to 25.6% in 2017 (P &lt; 0.001). The rate of pregnant women who drink alcohol after knowing the pregnancy was decreased in 2017 (6.9%) compared to 2008 (23.5%) (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
According to the results of the study in 2017, the rate of pregnant women who drink alcohol after pregnancy was decreased compared to 1997 and 2008. However drinking behavior severity has increased in 2017.
Threat of policy alienation: Exploring the implementation of Open Science policy in research practice
Authors: Lilja Erika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany European countries have introduced Open Science (OS) policies to improve the quality and efficiency of science and to increase economic and societal growth. Researchers’ perceptions and experiences of OS policies remain relatively under-investigated. This explorative study applies the policy alienation perspective to understand researchers’ perceptions of OS policy implementation. Analysis of survey responses indicates that researchers have difficulties in coping with OS policy and that they feel policy alienation from OS policy. Hence, researchers may be less willing to try to support OS policy implementation despite the fact that OS policies are motivated by the desire to enhance the excellence and quality of research. The findings address how the incentive problems lie not only in the research evaluation and academic credit systems but also in the policy–practice divide. These problems need to be solved in terms of participation in policymaking and in the knowledge production of ‘openness’ itself.
‘My Husband … is an Authentic Psychopath’: Spanish Civil War Veterans, Mental Illness and the Francoist Regime
Authors: Wright Stephanie 
Published: September 2020

Summary
This article seeks to broaden current understandings of war psychiatry, particularly within authoritarian contexts, through its focus on mental illness in the Francoist army during and after the Spanish Civil war of 1936–39. More specifically, this research points to the coexistence of multiple discourses of psychological disturbance in Francoist Spain. Francoist psychiatrists were reluctant to acknowledge the psychological fallout of the Spanish Civil War on those soldiers who had helped to ensure the Nationalist victory, and the regime’s legislation disenfranchised those who did not boast lengthy military careers. Yet in the absence of an official language of war trauma, veterans and their families found other ways to express themselves, often appropriating the regime’s own political and psychiatric discourse. Such popular understandings of Civil War trauma served an important function for Spaniards seeking to negotiate the many contradictions of life under the Francoist regime.
Moving Toward Standardized Pediatric Performance Improvement Measures in Child Physical Abuse: A Modified Delphi Approach
Authors: Nickoles Todd , Greenberg Jodie , Young LeAnne , Randall Amy , Herndon Michele , Bautista Durand Maria , McMahon Maria , Roney Linda 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Limited guidance exists for pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) regarding best practice for measuring and reviewing performance improvement (PI) in the child physical abuse population. To move PTC programs toward standardized guidelines and PI practices, current practice and points of consensus among level 1 and 2 PTCs across the United States were assessed.

Methods:
Utilizing a two-round, modified Delphi methodology, electronic surveys were distributed to pediatric trauma program managers and coordinators representing 125 PTCs. Survey data included demographics, coding practices, definitions, current PI measures, prevention programs, and opinions regarding key components of child physical abuse guidelines.

Results:
In Round 1, responses were received from 90 (72%) PTCs [47 (84%) ACS-verified level 1 PTCs; 29 (73%) ACS-verified level 2 PTCs; and 14 (48%) state PTCs]. Of the respondents, 87% agreed that establishing a national consensus for child physical abuse PI is important, and 92% agreed that their institution would benefit from standardized guidelines. Although PI process varied among PTCs in terms of measures, review, and coding practices, several points of consensus were achieved.

Conclusion:
Survey results demonstrate areas of consistency and a foundation for consensus among PTCs. Results also identify areas of practice diversity that may benefit from an attempt to standardize PI across centers.
Effects of an intervention on internalized HIV-related stigma for individuals newly entering HIV care
Authors: Yigit Ibrahim , Modi Riddhi A. , Weiser Sheri D. , Johnson Mallory O. , Mugavero Michael J. , Turan Janet M. , Turan Bulent 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
Considering the association between internalized HIV-related stigma and treatment adherence, an intervention addressing HIV treatment adherence may have the added benefit of reducing internalized stigma. The ‘integrating ENGagement and Adherence Goals upon Entry’ (iENGAGE) intervention was developed to facilitate adjustment to living with HIV among individuals newly engaged in HIV care. We evaluated the effects of this intervention on internalized stigma and examined whether the effect is moderated by depressive symptoms and coping styles.

Design:
The iENGAGE intervention was tailored individually to improve information, motivation, and behavioral skills to promote treatment adherence and viral suppression. Three hundred and seventy-one participants initiating HIV care at four sites in the United States were randomly assigned to either the intervention receiving four face-to-face sessions or standard of care control arm.

Methods:
Baseline and 48-week follow-up assessments were conducted, which included validated measures of internalized HIV-related stigma, depressive symptoms, and coping mechanisms (behavioral disengagement and self-blame) as secondary outcomes. A repeated measures ANOVA evaluated the effect of the intervention on change in internalized HIV stigma. Furthermore, the moderating effects of depressive symptoms and coping mechanisms on the decrease in internalized stigma were examined.

Results:
The decrease in internalized stigma from baseline to 48 weeks was significantly larger in the intervention arm compared with the control arm. This effect was significantly moderated by baseline levels of depressive symptoms and self-blame.

Conclusion:
The multifaceted iENGAGE intervention is effective in reducing internalized stigma for new-to-HIV care individuals, especially with higher depressive symptoms or when using higher levels of self-blame coping.
What shapes resilience among people living with HIV? A multi-country analysis of data from the PLHIV Stigma Index 2.0
Authors: Gottert Ann , McClair Tracy L. , Pulerwitz Julie , Friedland Barbara A. 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
To inform efforts to promote greater resilience among people living with HIV (PLHIV), we examined associations between resilience and factors at the individual, interpersonal and structural/policy levels in three countries.

Design:
Data come from the PLHIV Stigma Index 2.0, a cross-sectional survey with PLHIV, implemented from 2017 to 2019 in Cambodia (n = 1207), the Dominican Republic (n = 891), and Uganda (n = 391).

Methods:
Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess associations between resilience and factors at the individual/interpersonal/structural-policy levels, controlling for potential confounders. Resilience was measured by the previously tested PLHIV Resilience Scale.

Results:
About 60% of respondents were women; mean time since HIV diagnosis was 11 years in Cambodia and seven in the Dominican Republic /Uganda. Resilience varied substantially across the six province/districts per country (all p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, higher resilience was associated with lower internalized stigma (all three countries), no experience of human rights abuses (Dominican Republic), no food/housing insecurity (Uganda), and greater community awareness of legal protections for PLHIV (Cambodia and Dominican Republic). HIV-related enacted stigma (i.e., discrimination) in the community was associated with lower resilience in Cambodia, but higher resilience in the Dominican Republic. The set of structural/policy-level factors in Cambodia and the Dominican Republic, and individual-level in Uganda, explained the most variance in resilience.

Conclusion:
Factors at multiple levels affect whether PLHIV in Cambodia, the Dominican Republic, and Uganda report resilience. Multilevel interventions are required to promote resilience among PLHIV, and should incorporate efforts to reduce internalized stigma and promote supportive structural/legal environments including broader awareness of legal protections for PLHIV.
A multilevel intervention to reduce stigma among alcohol consuming men living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy: findings from a randomized control trial in India
Authors: Singh Roopal J. , Sarna Avina , Schensul Jean J. , Mahapatra Bidhubhushan , Ha Toan , Schensul Stephen L. 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
To examine the effectiveness of a multilevel intervention to reduce HIV stigma among alcohol consuming men living with HIV in India.

Design:
A crossover randomized controlled trial in four sites.

Setting:
Government ART centres (ARTCs) offering core services in the greater Mumbai area.

Participants:
Seven hundred and fifty two (188 per site) alcohol-consuming male PLHIV on ART were recruited.

Intervention:
Multilevel intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and promote adherence by addressing stigma, implemented at the individual (individual counselling, IC), group (group intervention, GI) and community levels (collective advocacy, CA) in three distinct sequences over three cycles of 9 months each.

Main outcome measure:
HIV stigma, measured using the 16-item Berger Stigma scale.

Methods:
The article examines the effectiveness of the interventions to reduce stigma using Linear Mixed Model regression.

Results:
At baseline, 57% of participants had moderate-high levels of stigma (scores >40). All three counseling interventions were effective in reducing stigma when delivered individually, in the first cycle (collective advocacy: β
coeff = −9.71; p < 0.001; group intervention: β
coeff = −5.22; p < 0.001; individual counselling: β
coeff = −4.43; p < 0.001). At then end of the second cycle, effects from the first cycle were sustained with no significant change in stigma scores. At the end of the third cycle, the site, which received CA+IC+GI sequence had maximum reduction in stigma scores (β
coeff = −10.29; p < 0.001), followed by GI+CA+IC (β
coeff = −8.23, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Baseline findings suggest that stigma remains a problem even with experienced patients, despite advances in treatment and adherence. Results of multilevel stigma reduction interventions argue for inclusion in HIV prevention and treatment program
A Unique Approach to Building a Learner-Guided Ultrasound Simulator for Central Venous Access Training
Authors: Harrington Douglas , Damon Aaron , Clifton William , Simon Leslie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Commercial central line vascular access trainers are available but have significant limitations including cost, size, and limited durability when used for the complete procedure. A unique central venous access trainer was constructed using silicone loaf pan, ballistic gel, copper pipe and aluminum rods as vessels conduits, with varying inserts including latex and silicone to simulate different vascular structures, and the use of camouflage. This trainer is inexpensive, portable, reusable, allows the complete procedure to be simulated, and may be customized to the specific needs of the learner. The assembled simulator demonstrated excellent ultrasound visualization, including varying size and vessel character, allowed modification to specific learner needs, while at the same time being light-weight, portable, inexpensive, and reusable. A moderate-fidelity central venous access simulator can be constructed in a cost-effective manner, which can be optimized to the learner skill level and allows the entire procedure to be completed on the simulator.
Guidelines for Ultrasound in the Radiology Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sheth Sheila , Fetzer David , Frates Mary , Needleman Laurence , Middleton William , Jones Jill , Podrasky Ann , Mankowski Gettle Lori 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The virus can be spread by close person-to-person contact primarily by respiratory droplets. Given the close proximity of the sonographer or sonologist with the patient during ultrasound examinations, special precautions should be taken to limit the exposure of radiology personnel to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 while still providing optimal patient care. Methods covered in this article include modified workflow, close scrutiny and prioritization of imaging orders, and design of targeted ultrasound protocols. These guidelines summarize the personal experience and insight of multiple colleagues who lead ultrasound sections or are experts in the field.
When and How to Treat Status Epilepticus: The Tortoise or the Hare?
Authors: Fong Michael W. K. , Hirsch Lawrence J. 
Published: September 2020

Summary:
Status epilepticus (SE) is a collective term that is used to describe a variety of subtypes. Forgetting this point can be perilous, even resulting in exposing patients to unnecessary harms. This review revisits the foundations of many of our current treatment guidelines, providing context to the ever-growing options in the treatment of SE. It aims to highlight the uncertainties that clinicians and EEGers face when treating SE. Several promising future approaches are raised. These bring hope of transitioning to therapies that are based on correcting maladaptive neuronal responses that are personally tailored using real time measures. All types of SE should be diagnosed as soon as possible, and treatment should be started expeditiously. For convulsive SE, treatment should be aggressive with full doses and cessation of seizures should be confirmed with EEG if patients are not returning to normal rapidly. For most other types of SE, the perennial debate about the tortoise or the hare continues: When should we be more measured and conservative and when should we rapidly escalate therapies to a combination of highly sedating agents?
Exploring options for reprocessing of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators (N95-FFRs) amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Paul Diptanu , Gupta Ayush , Maurya Anand Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is global shortage of Personal Protective Equipment due to COVID-19 pandemic. N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators (N95-FFRs) provide respiratory protection against respiratory pathogens including SARS-COV-2. There is scant literature on reprocessing methods which can enable reuse of N95-FFRs.AimWe conducted this study to evaluate research done, prior to COVID-19 pandemic, on various decontamination methods for reprocessing of N95-FFRs.MethodsWe searched 5 electronic databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Crossref, Ovid, ScienceDirect) and 1 Grey literature database (OpenGrey). We included original studies, published prior to year 2020, which had evaluated any decontamination method on FFRs. Studies had evaluated a reprocessing method against parameters namely physical changes, user acceptability, respirator fit, filter efficiency, microbicidal efficacy and presence of chemical residues post-reprocessing.Findings and ConclusionsOverall, we found 7887 records amongst which 17 original research articles were finally included for qualitative analysis. Overall, 21 different types of decontamination or reprocessing methods for N95-FFRs were evaluated. Most commonly evaluated method for reprocessing of FFRs was Ultraviolet (Type-C) irradiation (UVGI) which was evaluated in 13/17 (76%) studies.We found published literature is scant on this topic despite warning signs of pandemic of a respiratory illness over the years. Promising technologies requiring expeditious evaluation are UVGI, Microwave generated steam (MGS) and Hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV). Global presence of technologies, which have been given Emergency use authorisation for N95-FFR reprocessing, is extremely limited. Reprocessing of N95-FFRs by MGS should be considered for emergency implementation in resource limited settings to tackle shortage of N95-FFRs.Systematic Review IdentifierPROSPERO, PROSPERO ID: CRD42020189684, (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020189684)