bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Print exposure across the reading life span
Authors: Grolig Lorenz , Tiffin-Richards Simon P. , Schroeder Sascha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLeisure reading is a main contributor to print exposure, which is in turn related to individual differences in reading and language skills. The Author Recognition Test (ART) is a brief and objective measure of print exposure that has been used in reading research since the 1990s. Life span studies have reported contradicting results concerning age differences in print exposure, possibly due to the use of ART versions that differed regarding authors’ mean publication year. We investigated effects of participant age and authors’ mean publication year, literary level, and circulation frequency on author recognition probability between adolescence and old age (N = 339; age 13–77 years). An explanatory item response analysis showed that participant age and circulation frequency were positively related to recognition probability. Mean publication year was negatively related to recognition probability, indicating that recent authors who have been widely read for only a few years were less often recognized than classic authors who have been widely read for several decades. The relation between participant age and recognition probability was moderated by author variables. For classic authors, the recognition probability increased between adolescence and old age. By contrast, for recent authors, the recognition probability increased only between adolescence and middle age. Our results suggest that the mean publication year is a key author variable for the detection of print exposure differences between young, middle-aged and older adults. We discuss implications for author selection when updating the ART and for measuring print exposure in age-diverse samples.
The labor market reintegration of returned refugees in Afghanistan
Authors: Loschmann Craig , Marchand Katrin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEven though Afghanistan remains one of the top origin countries of refugees around the world, a considerable number of refugees have also returned over the last three decades. This paper investigates the labor market outcomes of those returned refugees from Iran and Pakistan, motivated by the fact that their reintegration greatly depends on the ability to access sustainable income-generating activities as a basis of their livelihood. The analysis relies on cross-sectional data from an original household survey collected in five provinces of Afghanistan in 2011. The analytical approach is twofold: first, to compare returned refugees to non-migrants in regard to what influences their respective labor market outcomes; and second, to investigate the influence of the returnees’ migration and return experience on those outcomes. We find evidence that returned refugees are less likely to be wage employed in comparison to non-migrants and that those factors related to socioeconomic status including educational attainment, and the strength of social networks plays an influential role in labor market outcomes. When it comes to the migration and return experience of returnees, a few key factors are found to be of particular consequence for current employment status including employment prior to migration, time abroad, amount of savings brought back upon return, return assistance, and intentions to re-migrate. These findings help to shed light on the reintegration process of returned refugees in Afghanistan, an issue of growing concern for policymakers taking into consideration the recent increase in return flows.
On the instability of majority decision-making: testing the implications of the ‘chaos theorems’ in a laboratory experiment
Authors: Sauermann Jan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn light of the so-called ‘chaos theorems’ from social choice theory, William Riker (W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1982) argues that the indeterminacy of majority rule leads to voting cycles making democratic decisions arbitrary and meaningless. Moreover, when the core is empty, majority instability correlates with the level of conflict among actors. This study uses laboratory committee decision-making experiments to provide an empirical test of both aspects of Riker’s argument. Committees make repeated majority decisions over 20 periods picking points from a two-dimensional policy space. The experiment manipulates committee members’ preferences and thus varies the existence of a core and the level of conflict between group members. The experimental results contradict Riker’s interpretation of the chaos theorems’ implications. Thus, the core exhibits less attraction than generally assumed. Moreover, an empty core is not associated with increased majority rule instability. Instead, conflicting preferences lead to more instability irrespective of the existence of an equilibrium.
Large-scale regionalised LCA shows that plant-based fat spreads have a lower climate, land occupation and water scarcity impact than dairy butter
Authors: Liao Xun , Gerichhausen Monique J. W. , Bengoa Xavier , Rigarlsford Giles , Beverloo Ralph H. , Bruggeman Yvonne , Rossi Vincent 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In light of the sustainable diet debate, we conducted a large-scale regionalised LCA to answer the following questions: (i) does the climate advantage hypothesis of plant-based fat spreads and creams over dairy butter and cream hold regardless of the variabilities of product recipes, geographies and the influence of land use change (LUC)? (ii) Considering the climate-water-land nexus, is there a risk of shifting impacts from climate to water scarcity and land occupation, and what are the key opportunities for impact mitigation?

Methods
A framework for conducting a large-scale regionalised LCA was developed and applied to compare the environmental impacts of 212 plant-based fat spreads, 16 plant-based creams and 40 dairy alternatives sold in 21 countries per 1 kg of product. Data was compiled for different product recipes, key ingredient sourcing countries, production factory locations, energy mixes, packaging designs, transportation and end-of-life scenarios. Spatially (archetype) differentiated agricultural life cycle inventory data were generated, as well as LUC emissions for agricultural ingredients. A total of 18 environmental indicators were assessed.

Results and discussion
All plant-based spreads had a significantly lower climate impact than butter, with and without LUC inclusion. The regionalised analysis highlighted large variabilities across products, ranging from 0.98 to 6.93 (mean 3.3) kg CO2-eq for 212 plant-based spreads and 8.08 to 16.93 (mean 12.1) kg CO2-eq for 21 dairy butter with 95th confidence interval. The main drivers of GHG emissions for plant-based products are oilseed farming and the associated LUC emissions, which can vary significantly depending on type of oilseeds, quantity and sourcing country; in the worst-case scenario, the climate advantage is no longer valid due to LUC. Thus, the inclusion of LUC is essential for a robust assessment and hotspot identification. Overall, the risk of shifting impact was small, as most of the plant-based spreads also had lower impacts for water scarcity footprints and land occupation; 8 of the 212 products were not lower, due to oilseed ingredients with high embodied impacts.

Conclusions
This study confirmed that plant-based spreads had lower climate, water and land impacts than butter, despite variability of product recipes, geographies and influence of LUC. This research offers a framework for performing regionalised agricultural LCA for a large portfolio of products thereby enabling identification of inter-product variabilities and hotspots for the development of mitigation strategies. Key mitigation opportunities include reducing oilseed ingredients’ embodied impacts by optimising product recipe design and adapting supply chain sourcing and agricultural practice.
Customer experience: fundamental premises and implications for research
Authors: Becker Larissa , Jaakkola Elina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCustomer experience is a key marketing concept, yet the growing number of studies focused on this topic has led to considerable fragmentation and theoretical confusion. To move the field forward, this article develops a set of fundamental premises that reconcile contradictions in research on customer experience and provide integrative guideposts for future research. A systematic review of 136 articles identifies eight literature fields that address customer experience. The article then compares the phenomena and metatheoretical assumptions prevalent in each field to establish a dual classification of research traditions that study customer experience as responses to either (1) managerial stimuli or (2) consumption processes. By analyzing the compatibility of these research traditions through a metatheoretical lens, this investigation derives four fundamental premises of customer experience that are generalizable across settings and contexts. These premises advance the conceptual development of customer experience by defining its core conceptual domain and providing guidelines for further research.
Indoor air pollution and respiratory health effects in inner city children with moderate to severe asthma
Authors: Schachter E. Neil , Rohr Annette , Habre Rima , Koutrakis Petros , Moshier Erin , Nath Amit , Coull Brent , Grunin Avi , Kattan Meyer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIndoor air pollution is increasingly recognized as a significant risk for respiratory illness, particularly in vulnerable populations. Thirty-six children aged 6–14 years with moderate/severe asthma from inner city areas in New York City were studied for 2-week periods (summer and winter) using diaries and spirometry. Seven-day integrated indoor samples of PM10, PM2.5, trace elements, elemental/organic carbon, black carbon, and criteria gases (NO2, SO2, and O3) were collected in the subjects’ residences. Asthma outcomes included cough and wheeze severity, albuterol use, and pulmonary function. Mixed effects regression models for longitudinal data were used to relate weekly indoor pollutant concentrations to asthma outcomes. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for ordinal outcomes. During winter, significant positive associations for average weekly symptom severity scores were seen for NO2(OR = 2.83;p = 0.02), calcium (OR = 3.29;p = 0.02), and silicon (OR = 3.64;p = 0.04). In summer, chlorine was associated with average weekly symptom scores (OR = 1.85;p = 0.004). Average albuterol puff use per day in winter was associated with NO2(OR = 5.89;p = 0.009), nickel (OR = 2.27;p = 0.05), and silicon (OR = 5.59;p = 0.05). Albuterol use was not associated with indoor pollutants in summer. Asthma severity was associated with specific indoor pollutants. Seasonal differences were observed by pollutant and by clinical index studied.
Probiotics, Nutrition, and the Small Intestine
Authors: Judkins Taylor C. , Archer Douglas L. , Kramer Dean C. , Solch Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Probiotics are promising remedial treatments for symptoms of small intestine (SI) diseases and promoters of overall good health. Probiotics play an important role in supporting a healthy SI microbiome (eubiosis), and in preventing establishment of unhealthy microbiota. SI eubiosis promotes optimal nutrient uptake, and optimal nutritional status maintains a healthy SI, reducing the likelihood of SI diseases. It is important to understand the advantages and limitations of probiotic therapies.

Recent Findings
Microbial dysbiosis decreases the capacity of the small bowel to utilize and absorb dietary compounds. In some studies, probiotic supplements containing lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium have been demonstrated effective in supporting beneficial microbes in the SI while improving barrier integrity and reducing nutrient malabsorption and SI disease-related pathology.

Summary
Strain-specific probiotic therapy may be a natural and effective approach to restoring SI barrier integrity and eubiosis, resulting in improved nutrient absorption and better health, including reducing the incidence of and severity of SI diseases.
The Ethics of Digital Well-Being: A Thematic Review
Authors: Burr Christopher , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents the first thematic review of the literature on the ethical issues concerning digital well-being. The term ‘digital well-being’ is used to refer to the impact of digital technologies on what it means to live a life that isgood fora human being. The review explores the existing literature on the ethics of digital well-being, with the goal of mapping the current debate and identifying open questions for future research. The review identifies major issues related to several key social domains: healthcare, education, governance and social development, and media and entertainment. It also highlights three broader themes: positive computing, personalised human–computer interaction, and autonomy and self-determination. The review argues that three themes will be central to ongoing discussions and research by showing how they can be used to identify open questions related to the ethics of digital well-being.
Stability of the formation interface under the impact of hydraulic fracture propagation in the vicinity of the formation interface
Authors: Lu Cong , Lu Yun-Xiao , Guo Jian-Chun , Liu Li-ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in layered formations, such as tight sandstones and shales, are continually being developed. Hydraulic fracturing is a critical technology for the high-efficiency development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Understanding the stress field and stability of the formation interface is vital to understanding stress propagation, preferably before the growing hydraulic fracture contacts the formation interface. In this study, models are developed for computing the stress field of hydraulic fracture propagation near the formation interface, and the stress fields within and at the two sides of the formation interface are analyzed. Four failure modes of the interface under the impact of hydraulic fracture propagation in its vicinity are identified, and the corresponding failure criteria are proposed. By simulating the magnitude and direction of peak stress at different parameters, the failure mode and stability of the formation interface are analyzed. Results reveal that when the interface strength is weak, the formation interface fails before the growing hydraulic fracture contacts it, and its stability is significantly related to a variety of factors, including the type of formation interface, rock mechanical properties, far-field stress, structural parameters, distance between the hydraulic fracture and formation interface, and fracturing execution parameters.
Chronic Pancreatitis—Update on Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: J. C. Chris , Parks Rowan W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition characterized by structural change within the pancreas, that leads to progressive and irreversible loss of functioning pancreatic parenchyma, exocrine/endocrine dysfunction and an increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Whilst hallmarks of advanced disease are readily identifiable on routine clinical imaging, concordance between structural changes within the pancreas and symptoms is poor, such that early diagnosis can be challenging. Traditionally, chronic pancreatitis has been managed with a ‘step-up’ approach of measures including analgesia, therapeutic endoscopy and surgery (in a select minority of patients). Accumulating evidence is emerging to challenge this approach: early surgical intervention may offer the opportunity to interrupt the disease process before irreversible sequelae become established. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology underlying chronic pancreatitis together with a review of the current evidence to support established and novel therapeutic approaches to the disease.
Lumped-Parameter Circuit Platform for Simulating Typical Cases of Pulmonary Hypertensions from Point of Hemodynamics
Authors: Tang Hong , Dai Ziyin , Wang Miao , Guo Binbin , Wang Shunyu , Wen Jiabin , Li Ting 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) presents unusual hemodynamic states characterized by abnormal high blood pressure in pulmonary artery. The objective of this study is to simulate how the hemodynamics develops in typical PH cases without treatment. A lumped-parameter circuit platform of human circulation system is set up to simulate hemodynamic abnormalities of PH in different etiologies and pathogenesis. Four typical cases are considered, which are distal pulmonary artery stenosis, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, ventricular septal defect, and mitral stenosis. The authors propose regulation laws for chambers and vessels to adapt the abnormal hemodynamic conditions for each PH case. The occurrence and development of each PH case are simulated over time using the lumped-parameter circuit platform. The blood pressure, blood flow, pressure-volume relations for chambers and vessels are numerically calculated for each case of PH progression. The model results could be a quite helpful to understand the hemodynamic mechanism of typical PHs.
Biosorption of copper(II) onto spent biomass of Gelidiella acerosa (brown marine algae): optimization and kinetic studies
Authors: Dulla John Babu , Tamana Mohan Rao , Boddu Sumalatha , Pulipati King , Srirama Krupanidhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study exclusively focused on the potential application of an inexpensive and sustainable waste macro-algal biomass as an adsorbent for biosorption of copper ions from aqueous medium. After extraction of agar from brown macro-marine algaeGelidiella acerosa, the residual biomass without any further treatment was used as an adsorbent for the expulsion of copper from wastewater. Physicochemical parameters of biosorption like initial pH, initial concentration of Cu(II) solution and biosorbent dosage were optimized using response surface methodology. The maximum copper biosorption potential of 96.36% was observed at optimum conditions of pH of 5.31, initial concentration of 23.87 mg/l and biosorbent dosage of 0.41 g/l. Adopting FTIR and SEM techniques, the surface morphological features of biosorbent were studied. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be a proper approach to describe biosorption kinetics. All these results confirmed that spentG.acerosacould be considered as an efficient, eco-friendly and economic alternative for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution.
Characterization of Altered Mica From Sokli, Northern Finland
Authors: Rama M. , Eklund O. , Fröjdö S. , Smått J.-H. , Lastusaari M. , Laiho T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVermiculite is a mineral with many potential uses in various industrial areas, such as in insulation, horticulture, and environmental applications. The regolith of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion in northern Finland consists of weathered micas which reportedly contain vermiculite. The aim of the present study was to characterize the weathered mica in order to determine if the weathered regolith contains vermiculite. If so, the value of the apatite-rich Sokli intrusion may increase, because the vermiculite could be classified as an ore in Sokli. For the characterization, mica fractions were investigated using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The EPMA results show that the potassium (K2O) content of the mica investigated varies between 6.20 and 0.31 wt.%. The XRD results provided evidence that the interlayer distances in the mica vary between 10.1 and 14.7 Å. The TGA shows that the dehydration of the samples varies between 6 and 12 wt.% for temperatures up to 170°C. Dehydroxylation takes place in three steps, as is characteristic for vermiculite. The results from this study revealed that mica in the weathered parts of the Sokli carbonatite is mostly vermiculite, and that the vermiculite was formed by the weathering of phlogopite. These results can be used to determine whether vermiculite is a possible future commodity at the Sokli carbonatite complex.
Assessment of current rotor design comparison practices based on high-fidelity CFD methods
Authors: Fitzgibbon T. , Woodgate M. , Barakos G. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper provides an assessment of current rotor design comparison practices. First, the employed CFD method is validated for a number of rotor designs and is shown to achieve accurate performance predictions in hover and high-speed forward flight. Based on CFD results, a detailed investigation is performed in terms of comparing different rotor designs. The CFD analysis highlighted the need of high fidelity methods due to the subtle aerodynamics involved in advanced planforms. Nevertheless, the paper suggests that the correct basis for comparison in terms of performance metrics must be used to inform decisions about the suitability of the rotor blades designs for specific applications. In particular, when comparing blades of advanced planforms, direct torque and thrust comparisons are better than the commonly used lift to drag ratio and figure of merit.
New constraints from U–Pb dating of detrital zircons on the palaeogeographic origin of metasediments in the Talea Ori, central Crete
Authors: Seybold Lina , Dörr Wolfgang , Trepmann Claudia A. , Krahl Jochen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh-pressure low-temperature metamorphic sediments of the Phyllite–Quartzite unitsensu strictoand the Talea Ori group are investigated in the field, microstructurally and by U–Pb dating of detrital zircons to shed light on their palaeogeographic origin. Zircon age spectra with ages >450 Ma of the Phyllite–Quartzite unitsensu strictoindicate a palaeogeographic origin at the northern margin of East Gondwana. In contrast, the lower stratigraphic, siliciclastic formations of the Talea Ori group show a high number of well-rounded Cambrian to Early Carboniferous aged zircons and a Neoproterozoic zircon age spectrum with East Gondwana affinity. Based on the comparison of zircon age data, a possible distal sediment source is the Sakarya Zone at the southern active margin of Eurasia. To reconcile the zircon data with the geological observations we propose different alternative models, or a combination of these, including sediment transport from the Sakarya Zone and/or a westerly source towards the northern margin of Gondwana as well as terrane-displacement of the Sakarya Zone. Also, a palaeogeographic origin of the Talea Ori group at the southern active margin of Eurasia cannot be excluded. This alternative, however, would not be consistent with the usually assumed association of the Talea Ori group with the Plattenkalk unit characterized by a palaeogeographic origin at the northern margin of Gondwana.
Financial Flexibility: At What Cost?
Authors: Garmaise Mark J. , Natividad Gabriel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFirms strategically borrow in different locations. Approximately one-quarter of Peruvian companies with operations in multiple areas source their financing from more than one province. Mining windfalls generate finance supply shocks, leading to the provision of more credit at lower average rates, and we show that firms exploit geographic financial flexibility by concentrating their borrowing in booming locations. Firms are less likely to initiate borrowing in new markets when their current borrowing provinces are thriving. The pursuit of flexibility in borrowing markets, however, degrades a firm’s relationships with its existing lenders, thereby heightening its risk of future financial distress.