bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the impact of precarious employment on health across population subgroups: a scoping review
Authors: Gray BJ , Grey CNB , Hookway A , Homolova L , Davies AR 
Published: December 2020

Aim: Precarious employment is known to be detrimental to health, and some population subgroups (young individuals, migrant workers, and females) are at higher risk of precarious employment. However, it is not known if the risk to poor health outcomes is consistent across population subgroups. This scoping review explores differential impacts of precarious employment on health. Methods: Relevant studies published between 2009 and February 2019 were identified across PubMed, OVID Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Articles were included if (1) they presented original data, (2) examined precarious employment within one of the subpopulations of interest, and (3) examined health outcomes. Results: Searches yielded 279 unique results, of which 14 met the eligibility criteria. Of the included studies, 12 studies examined differences between gender, 3 examined the health impacts on young individuals, and 3 examined the health of migrant workers. Mental health was explored in nine studies, general health in four studies, and mortality in two studies. Conclusion: Mental health was generally poorer in both male and female employees as a result of precarious employment, and males were also at higher risk of mortality. There was limited evidence that met our inclusion criteria, examining the health impacts on young individuals or migrant workers.
Arthrodesis or Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Lisfranc Injuries: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Levy Christopher J. , Yatsonsky David , Moral Muhammad Z. , Liu Jiayong , Ebraheim Nabil A. 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine if arthrodesis, compared with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), produces favorable American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and to determine if differences in complication, revision surgery, and secondary arthrodesis rates exist for patients with Lisfranc fracture/dislocation injuries. Searches were performed in PubMed using the keywords “Lisfranc fracture,” “metatarsal fracture,” “ORIF,” “open reduction internal fixation,” “arthrodesis,” and “fusion.” These criteria left 183 articles for review. Exclusions left 21 articles and 2 translations of Chinese abstracts. Data analysis was performed using Student’s 2-sample t test for samples of equal variance, and chi-square test for goodness of fit. The t test revealed a significant difference ( P = .03) between the average AOFAS score for patients who underwent primary arthrodesis (84.7 ± 6.14) compared with those who were treated with ORIF (78.9 ± 5.09). There was no significant difference for the average VAS scores ( P = .33) of the arthrodesis and ORIF groups. The complication rate of arthrodesis patients was significantly lower than ORIF patients ( P = .04), and the rates of revision surgery ( P = .22) and secondary arthrodesis ( P = .53) were not significant between the groups. The results of this study indicate that arthrodesis may be a better surgical option than ORIF, due to the higher functional scores and the lower complication rate. Levels of Evidence: Level III: A meta-analysis
Thickness of the Stifle Joint Articular Cartilage in Different Large Animal Models of Cartilage Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Ruediger Tina , Horbert Victoria , Reuther Anne , Kumar Kalla Pavan , Burgkart Rainer H. , Walther Mario , Kinne Raimund W. , Mika Joerg 
Published: December 2020

Objective Regulatory guidelines for preclinical cartilage repair studies suggest large animal models (e.g., sheep, goat, [mini]-pig, or horse) to obtain results representative for humans. However, information about the 3-dimensional thickness of articular cartilage at different implantation sites in these models is limited. Design To identify the most suitable site for experimental surgery, cartilage thickness at the medial femoral condyle (MFC), lateral femoral condyle (LFC), and trochlea in ovine, caprine, and porcine cadaver stifle joints was systematically measured using hematoxylin-eosin staining of 6 µm paraffin sections and software-based image analysis. Results Regarding all ventral-dorsal regions of the MFC, goat showed the thickest articular cartilage (maximal mean thickness: 1299 µm), followed by sheep (1096 µm) and mini-pig (604 µm), with the highest values in the most ventral and dorsal regions. Also for the LFC, the most ventral regions showed the thickest cartilage in goat (maximal mean thickness: 1118 µm), followed by sheep (678 µm) and mini-pig (607 µm). Except for the mini-pig, however, the cartilage thickness on the LFC was consistently lower than that on the MFC. The 3 species also differed along the transversal measuring points on the MFC and LFC. In contrast, there were no consistent differences for the regional cartilage thickness of the trochlea among goat and sheep (≥780 µm) and mini-pig (≤500 µm). Conclusions Based on their cartilage thickness, experimental defects on goat and sheep MFC may be viable options for preclinical cartilage repair studies, in addition to well-established horse models.
Accuracy of MRI-Based Talar Cartilage Thickness Measurement and Talus Bone and Cartilage Modeling: Comparison with Ground-Truth Laser Scan Measurements
Authors: Lockard Carly A. , Stake Ingrid K. , Brady Alex W. , DeClercq Madeleine G. , Tanghe Kira K. , Douglass Brenton W. , Nott Erik , Ho Charles P. , Clanton Thomas O. 
Published: December 2020

Objective The purpose of this work was to compare measurements of talar cartilage thickness and cartilage and bone surface geometry from clinically feasible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) against high-accuracy laser scan models. Measurement of talar bone and cartilage geometry from MRI would provide useful information for evaluating cartilage changes, selecting osteochondral graft sources or creating patient-specific joint models. Design Three-dimensional (3D) bone and cartilage models of 7 cadaver tali were created using (1) manual segmentation of high-resolution volumetric sequence 3T MR images and (2) laser scans. Talar cartilage thickness was compared between the laser scan– and MRI-based models for the dorsal, medial, and lateral surfaces. The laser scan– and MRI-based cartilage and bone surface models were compared using model-to-model distance. Results Average cartilage thickness within the dorsal, medial, and lateral surfaces were 0.89 to 1.05 mm measured with laser scanning, and 1.10 to 1.22 mm measured with MRI. MRI-based thickness was 0.16 to 0.32 mm higher on average in each region. The average absolute surface-to-surface differences between laser scan– and MRI-based bone and cartilage models ranged from 0.16 to 0.22 mm for bone (MRI bone models smaller than laser scan models) and 0.35 to 0.38 mm for cartilage (MRI bone models larger than laser scan models). Conclusions This study demonstrated that cartilage and bone 3D modeling and measurement of average cartilage thickness on the dorsal, medial, and lateral talar surfaces using MRI were feasible and provided similar model geometry and thickness values to ground-truth laser scan–based measurements.
Review of research output of Australian and New Zealand colorectal surgeons over the past 20 years
Authors: Rahme Jessica , Lee Adele , Radojcic Mat (Matija) , Beh Soh Pith , Warrier Satish , Heriot Alexander , Zeps Nikolajs , Smits Michael , Smart Philip 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: High-quality research has a tangible impact on patient care and should inform all medical decision-makings. Appraising and benchmarking of research is necessary in evidence-based medicine and allocation of funding. The aim of this review is to demonstrate how evidence may be gathered by quantifying the amount and type of research by a group of surgeons over a 20-year period. Methods: Members of the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand were identified in April 2020. A search of the Scopus database was conducted to quantify each surgeon’s research output from 1999 to 2020. Authorship details such as the Hirsch index and number of papers published were recorded, as were publication-related details. Results: 226 colorectal surgeons were included for analysis, producing a total of 5053 publications. The most frequent colorectal topics were colorectal cancer (32%, n = 1617 of all publications), followed by pelvic floor disorders (4.3%, n = 217) and inflammatory bowel disease (3.5%, n = 177). 56% ( n = 2830) of all publications were case series audits (21%, n = 1061), expert opinion pieces (20%, n = 1011) and cohort studies (15%, n = 758). 7% ( n = 354) were randomised control or non-randomised control trials, 3% ( n = 152) were systematic reviews and 1% ( n = 50) were meta-analyses. The top 10% ( n = 23) of authors accounted for more than half (54%, n = 2729) of manuscripts published. Conclusion: Australasian colorectal surgeons made a significant contribution to the medical literature over the past 20 years and the number of publications is increasing over time. A greater output of higher-level evidence research is needed. This information may be used to better allocate researcher funding and grants for future projects.
Repair strength and surface topography of lithium disilicate and hybrid resin ceramics with LLLT and photodynamic therapy in comparison to hydrofluoric acid
Authors: Maawadh Ahmed M , Almohareb Thamer , Al-Hamdan Rana S , Al Deeb Modhi , Naseem Mustafa , Alhenaki Aasem M , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: December 2020

Aim: The aim was to compare the repair bond strength and surface topography of lithium disilicate ceramics (LDC) and hybrid resin ceramics (HRC) using different surface conditioning treatments [low level laser therapy (LLLT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), hydrofluoric acid (HF) with silane and air abrasion (AA) and silane]. Material and method: Sixty specimens each of LDC and HRC were used. Discs were prepared for each group (6 × 2 mm), conditioned using different regimes. Specimens in group 1 and 5 were laser irradiated using Er,Cr:YSGG (ECYL), group 2 and 6 were conditioned using methylene blue photosensitizer (PDT), group 3 and 7 surface was treated with hydrofluoric acid and silane (HFA-S), group 4 and 8 conditioned with Al2O3 air abrasion and silane (AA-S). A Porcelain Repair Kit was used according to manufacturer recommendation in all samples. Peak universal bond adhesive was rubbed on ceramic surface and then bonded with composite resin. For shear bond strength testing the specimens were placed in a universal testing machine. A stereomicroscope at 40x magnification was used to analyse failure pattern. Five specimens in each group after surface treatment were evaluated for surface changes and topography using scanning electron microscopy. The mean repair bond strength was calculated using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test at a significance level of ( p < 0.05). Result: The highest repair bond strength was observed in group 3 (LDC) (20.57 ± 3.58 MPa) (HFA-S), whereas, the lowest score was displayed in Group 2 (LDC) using methylene blue photosensitizer (MBPS) (12.18 ± 1.08 MPa). Similarly, in HRC the highest repair SBS was presented in group 8 (AA-S) (20.52 ± 2.51 MPa) and the lowest SBS values were exhibited by PDT treated group 6 (13.22 ± 0.62 MPa). Conclusion: A combination of mechanical and chemical surface treatments should be used in order to achieve adequate repair bond strength between resin composites and ceramic interface of LDC and HRC.
Step-cut osteotomy in neglected Monteggia fracture dislocation in pediatric and adolescent patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Peshin Chetan , Ratra Rohan , Juyal Anil Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Neglected Monteggia fracture dislocation in children leads to significant restriction of daily activities by causing decreased range of motion at elbow, stiffness, deformity, and neurological compromise. Various treatment strategies have been described in the literature and one of them is ulnar osteotomy combined with reduction of radial head and annular ligament reconstruction. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of step-cut osteotomy without the use of bone grafting with reconstruction of annular ligament in the management of neglected Monteggia fracture dislocation in children. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in six patients with neglected Monteggia fracture dislocation with a mean age of 8.83 years. The median interval between the original injury and the corrective surgery for 6 patients was 4.4 months (range 1–12 months). All children underwent step-cut osteotomy of ulna, open reduction of radial head, and annular ligament reconstruction. Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) score was used for evaluation. Results: The ulnar osteotomies healed uneventfully without the need for a bone graft. Elbow range of motion improved post-op along with improved elbow functioning as indicated by raised MEPI score. The MEPI score was excellent in 5 cases and fair in 1 case. Conclusion: Step-cut osteotomy alone without the use of bone grafting and reinforcement with annular ligament repair is a simple yet effective technique for treating neglected Monteggia fracture dislocation.
A symmetric anchor designed barbed suture versus conventional interrupted sutures in total knee arthroplasty: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Wei , Yan Shigui , Liu Feng , Chai Wei , Zuo Jianlin , Xiao Jun , Niels-Derrek Schmitz , Zhu Qing , Sanghita Bhattacharya , Bogdan Ilie , Wang Kunzheng 
Published: December 2020

Objective: This randomized controlled study was designed to compare the wound closure efficacy and safety of barbed suture in comparison to the conventional interrupted suture for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: This multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial enrolled 184 patients who underwent elective TKA between June 2017 and April 2018. The subjects were randomized between two groups. Surgical incision closure time was considered as the primary end point. Results: A total of 184 patients participated in this randomized controlled trial; 91 patients had wound closure that involved barbed suture and 93 patients underwent conventional treatment—that is interrupted suturing with nonbarbed sutures. The surgical incision closure time was shorter ( p < 0.0001) in the barbed suture group compared with the control group (15.5 ± 4.88 vs. 20.9 ± 6.30 min). However, both groups were found to be equal in terms of the rate of postoperative complications. Conclusion: Usage of the symmetric anchor designed barbed suture is safe, efficacious, and demonstrates a decrease in surgical incision closure time in patients undergoing TKA compared to interrupted closure using conventional sutures. Future studies are warranted to demonstrate clinical and economic benefits of barbed sutures.
The Influence of Obesity and Meniscal Coverage on In Vivo Tibial Cartilage Thickness and Strain
Authors: Collins Amber T. , Kulvaranon Micaela , Spritzer Charles E. , McNulty Amy L. , DeFrate Louis E. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Obesity, which potentially increases loading at the knee, is a common and modifiable risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis. The menisci play an important role in distributing joint loads to the underlying cartilage. However, the influence of obesity on the role of the menisci in cartilage load distribution in vivo is currently unknown. Purpose To measure tibial cartilage thickness and compressive strain in response to walking in areas covered and uncovered by the menisci in participants with normal body mass index (BMI) and participants with high BMI. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the right knees of participants with normal BMI (<25 kg/m2; n = 8) and participants with high BMI (>30 kg/m2; n = 7) were obtained before and after treadmill walking. The outer margins of the tibia, the medial and lateral cartilage surfaces, and the meniscal footprints were segmented on each MR image to create 3-dimensional models of the joint. Cartilage thickness was measured before and after walking in areas covered and uncovered by the menisci. Cartilage compressive strain was then determined from changes in thickness resulting from the walking task. Results: Before exercise, medial and lateral uncovered cartilage of the tibial plateau was significantly thicker than covered cartilage in both BMI groups. In the uncovered region of the lateral tibial plateau, participants with high BMI had thinner preexercise cartilage than those with a normal BMI. Cartilage compressive strain was significantly greater in medial and lateral cartilage in participants with high BMI compared with those with normal BMI in both the regions covered and those uncovered by the menisci. Conclusion: Participants with high BMI experienced greater cartilage strain in response to walking than participants with normal BMI in both covered and uncovered regions of cartilage, which may indicate that the load-distributing function of the meniscus is not sufficient to moderate the effects of obesity. Clinical Relevance: These findings demonstrate the critical effect of obesity on cartilage function and thickness in regions covered and uncovered by the menisci.
A New Rating Scale for the Rapid Evaluation of High-Level Sports Ability
Authors: Chen Jiebo , Cho Eunshinae , Xu Caiqi , Zhao Jinzhong 
Published: December 2020

Background: Nearly half of patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury who have returned to sport after ACL reconstruction can return to sports activity at a competitive level, so emphasis should be focused not only on the timing of return to the sport but also on measuring the ability to participate in high-level sports activity. Purpose: To develop and evaluate a new, self-administered rating scale for rapid evaluation of high-level sports ability among community-level athletes who return to sports after ACL reconstruction surgery. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: We developed the new rating scale—the Knee Stability in Sports/Cutting-Pivoting Ability (KSS/CPA) scale—in 2 stages. Initially, we used a survey and roundtable discussion to achieve an expert consensus for the KSS/CPA scale from a group of independent orthopaedic experts. Next, 77 amateur athletes who underwent ACL reconstruction by a single surgeon were recruited for a background analysis of data to compare the new scale with results from the Marx activity rating scale, Tegner activity scale, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form, and self-assessment of overall knee function. Results: The KSS/CPA scale was applicable and effective for evaluating the high-level sports ability of community-level athletes who had returned to their sport after ACL reconstruction. Statistical analysis confirmed the test-retest reliability of the new rating scale (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.85/0.84 postoperatively) as well as its internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficient, 0.73 preoperatively and 0.89 postoperatively), construct validity (Spearman correlation coefficient, >0.35 postoperatively), excellent discriminant validity, acceptable responsiveness, and reasonable minimal detectable change (<25). Conclusion: The KSS/CPA scale can act as a supplement to other clinical outcome measures for a more comprehensive evaluation of community-level athletes’ cutting-pivoting ability and knee stability.
Risk Factors for Revision Posterior Shoulder Stabilization in Throwing Athletes
Authors: Vaswani Ravi , Arner Justin , Freiman Halle , Bradley James P. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Revision posterior shoulder capsulolabral repair has inferior outcomes compared with primary surgery. Risk factors for revision in throwing athletes are unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to characterize the revision rate and risk factors for revision surgery in throwing athletes. It was hypothesized that female athletes and those with smaller glenoid bone width would be at higher risk for revision surgery. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 105 throwing athletes who underwent arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair of their throwing shoulder were reviewed at a minimum of 2-year follow-up, and patients who required a revision were compared with those who did not. Collected data compared between the revision and no-revision groups included age, sex, contact sport participation, and return to sport (RTS). American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) score, stability, pain, strength, range of motion (ROM), and patient satisfaction. Radiographic parameters including glenoid bone version, cartilage version, labral version, bone width, labral width, glenoid labral version and width weight were also compared between both groups. Results: Nine throwers required revision (8.6%) at an average of 2.8 years postoperatively. There were more female athletes in the revision than no-revision group (55.5% vs 23.4%; P = .03). There was no significant difference in age, proportion of contact athletes, rotator cuff tears, glenoid bone version, cartilage version, labral version, labral version weight, bone width, labral width, or labral width weight. Both groups had similar preoperative, postoperative, and change in ASES, KJOC, pain, strength, stability, and ROM scores. The proportion of patients with full strength and with full ROM, as well as patients who were satisfied with outcomes was similar between groups. Fewer patients in the revision group returned to sports compared with those in the no-revision group (14.3% vs 83.6%; P < .001), although return to sports at same level was not significantly different between groups (14.3% vs 37.2%; P = .41). Conclusion: The revision rate of arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization in throwers was 8.6%. Female athletes were at higher risk for revision, and return to sports was lower in patients who underwent revision surgery.
Pectoralis Major Ruptures: Tear Patterns and Patient Demographic Characteristics
Authors: Kowalczuk Marcin , Rubinger Luc , Elmaraghy Amr W. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The pectoralis major (PM) is made up of multilaminar muscle segments that form a complex insertion on the proximal humerus; it is composed of an anterior and a posterior tendon layer. The tear patterns and patient characteristics of operatively treated PM ruptures in the general population remain poorly understood. Purpose: To comprehensively report the demographic characteristics of patients who are clinically diagnosed with structurally significant PM ruptures and to describe PM tear patterns identified during surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective analysis of surgically treated PM tears was performed for a single-surgeon case series between January 1, 2003, and November 1, 2017. Patient demographic characteristics, classification of tear pattern, and treatment (repair/reconstruction) were recorded. Results: A total of 104 surgical cases of PM tendon rupture were identified; 100 patients underwent primary repair and 4 underwent dermal allograft reconstruction. All patients were male, with a mean age of 36.5 ± 9.2 years. Chronic tears (>6 weeks old) accounted for 63.6% of surgical cases, and 96% (n = 100) of tears occurred at or between the musculotendinous junction and tendinous insertion. A partial-thickness, complete-width tear of the posterior tendon layer at this same location was the most common tear pattern identified. Conclusion: PM ruptures occurred almost exclusively at or between the musculotendinous junction and tendinous insertion, with predominant involvement of the posterior tendon layer. Chronic tears can be safely treated with primary repair in the vast majority of cases.