bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear algorithms of residual stresses reconstruction for axisymmetric problem
Authors: Chen Donghai , Tian Quan , Zhang Xun , Yun Juntong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A non-destructive testing method for three-dimensional stress of a glass cylinder based on photoelasticity is presented. Based on simulated stresses in the glass cylinder, intensity images output from a circular polariscope are calculated by Jones calculus. Therefore, the isoclinic angle and optical retardation can be simulated. Then the residual stresses in the glass cylinder can be reconstructed in cylindrical coordinates. By comparing the reconstructed stresses with numerical simulated stresses, there is good agreement but with some mismatches.
Magnetic graphene oxide as sorbent for SPE of melamine from water
Authors: Xu W , Huang J , Liang M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Melamine introduced into environment water through various industrial effluents can pose negative effects on ecosystem, thus it is required to establish suitable analytical methods for detection of melamine in environmental water samples. In this work, magnetic graphene oxide was synthesized and used as the sorbent for solid phase extraction (SPE) of melamine. The parameters that affect the extraction efficiency of melamine were studied. The optimum conditions, including sample pH, extraction and desorption time, and eluent volume were obtained. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated, and it was found that the limit of detection for melamine was 0.15μg/L and the relative standard deviation was 3.6 %. The proposed method was utilized in the detection of melamine in various water samples with recoveries of 92.0-95.8%.
Suppressed antiferromagnetic ordering and enhanced electrical conduction in doped iridate Sr2−xPrxIrO4
Authors: Liu Hui , Liang Dandan , Bian Jian , Feng Yuan , Xie Yu , Fang Baolong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sr2IrO4 has been shown to exhibit a novel J
eff = 1/2 Mott spin–orbit insulating state with antiferromagnetic ordering. In the present investigation, the effects of Pr substitution at Sr-site on structural, magnetic and electrical properties are studied in Sr2IrO4. Pr-doped samples still retain the insulating behavior, but with the increase of Pr doping concentration, the resistivity decreases. The magnetic properties show that long-range antiferromagnetic order is collapsed when the Pr doping content increases up to 20%, which may results from a competition between the AFM (Ir 5d electrons) and ferromagnetic (Pr 4 f electrons) coupling. In addition, Pr doping induces a spin glasslike state at low temperatures.
Morphology and mechanical characterization of carbon nanotubes/epoxy based material filled with hollow glass microsphere
Authors: Imran Mohammed , Rahaman Ariful , Pal Soumen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The hollow glass microsphere (HGM)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/epoxy composite foam are fabricated by solution casting of functionalized CNT and functionalized HGM-epoxy dispersion. Five weight ratio configurations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%) of functionalized–HGMs were considered and compared with 0.1 wt% CNT/epoxy to investigate the effects of hollow micro sphere enrichment. This study investigate the effect of hollow glass microspheres (HGM) on the compressive strength and storage modulus of CNT modified epoxy resin. The results revealed that the incorporation of HGM improved the damping performance evidently and broadened damping temperature range. TEM image of the composite show a better dispersion of CNTs in epoxy matrix. SEM micrographs of composite foams are investigated to determine structure development and CNTs, HGM dispersion, with regard to experimental results, especially compression test.
Evaluation of anticorrosive and self-healing performances of TiO2-added cerium conversion coatings developed on 211Z aluminium alloy
Authors: Zhou Siyin , Mao Jian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) sol was added to the cerium conversion coating (CeCC) for preparing the CeCC-TiO2 composite coating covered on the surface of 211Z aluminium alloy. The anticorrosive and self-healing performances of the composite coatings were further investigated. The result shows the increasing Eg of CeCC-TiO2 could improve the anticorrosive and anti-intergranular corrosion performances of 211Z aluminium alloy under NaCl solution. Because the composite coating with high Eg value can effectively suppress the anodic reactions, provide greater coating resistance, and bring more compact surface structure. The self-healing ability of CeCC could be improved by adding TiO2 sol and the Eg value of the CeCC-TiO2 composite coating with the best self-healing performance is 3.38 eV. The cause of it lies in that the coeffect of the dynamic inhibition of Ce3+ and the inert inhibition of Ce4+ influences the self-healing performance of the composite coatings.
Temperature dependence of Raman scattering in defect-free AlN nanorods grown on multilayer graphene by van der Waals epitaxy
Authors: Xiong Xianjie , Xu Yu , Zheng Shunan , Liu Tong , Su Xujun , Cao Bing , Wang Chinhua , Xu Ke 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The crystalline quality of traditional epitaxy is hampered by the lattice and thermal mismatch of epilayer and substrate. Van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) allows the epilayer to show no excessive strain and results in low defects density. Here, the multilayer graphene as a substrate for c-axis-oriented growth of vertically aligned AlN nanorods by vdWE have been presented. Defect-free of the AlN nanorods was evidenced through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The strain of AlN nanorods was reduced with the exponential of height, which was characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the temperature dependence of Raman scattering of AlN has been further studied for clarifying the relationship of optical phonons and temperature. This temperature dependence was well matched by an empirical relationship which has proved to be applicable for other III-Nitride (such as GaN, InN) semiconductors.
MichelaNglo: sculpting protein views on web pages without coding
Authors: Ferla Matteo P , Pagnamenta Alistair T , Damerell David , Taylor Jenny C , Marsden Brian D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The sharing of macromolecular structural information online by scientists is predominantly performed via 2D static images, since the embedding of interactive 3D structures in webpages is non-trivial. Whilst the technologies to do so exist, they are often only implementable with significant web coding experience.

Results
Michelaɴɢʟo is an accessible and open-source web-based application that supports the generation, customization and sharing of interactive 3D macromolecular visualizations for digital media without requiring programming skills. A PyMOL file, PDB file, PDB identifier code or protein/gene name can be provided to form the basis of visualizations using the NGL JavaScript library. Hyperlinks that control the view can be added to text within the page. Protein-coding variants can be highlighted to support interpretation of their potential functional consequences. The resulting visualizations and text can be customized and shared, as well as embedded within existing websites by following instructions and using a self-contained download. Michelaɴɢʟo allows researchers to move away from static images and instead engage, describe and explain their protein to a wider audience in a more interactive fashion.

Availability and implementation
Michelaɴɢʟo is hosted at michelanglo.sgc.ox.ac.uk. The Python code is freely available at https://github.com/thesgc/MichelaNGLo, along with documentations about its implementation.
Phenotypic divergence, convergence and evolution of Caucasian rock lizards (Darevskia)
Authors: Tarkhnishvili David , Gabelaia Mariam , Adriaens Dominique 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhenotypic evolution can cause either divergent or convergent phenotypic patterns. Even adaptation to the same environment may result in divergence of some elements of phenotype, whereas for other morphological traits it could cause phenotypic convergence. We hypothesize that at least some phenotypic characters diverge monotonically, hence they evolve irreversibly even in very closely related species, and this happens in spite of multiple convergent adaptive patterns. We studied the evolution of phenotype in 13 closely related Caucasian rock lizards (Darevskia), whose phylogenetic relationships are well known. We used head shape and the outlines of three important scales, using geometric morphometrics. We studied the association of the overall head shape, individual principal components of head shape and scale outlines with four predictors: phylogeny, habitat, sex and size. The overall head shape was not correlated with any of these predictors, whereas some principal components were correlated with habitat or phylogeny. Habitat type explained the highest fraction of variation in head shape and anal scale area. The relatedness inferred from the components of phenotype not correlated with habitat was congruent with the phylogenetic tree inferred from molecular data. Although adaptation to local environments may obscure the phylogenetic signal present in phenotype, there are components of phenotype whose evolution is irreversible.
Corticospinal-motor neuronal plasticity promotes exercise-mediated recovery in humans with spinal cord injury
Authors: Jo Hang Jin , Perez Monica A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rehabilitative exercise in humans with spinal cord injury aims to engage residual neural networks to improve functional recovery. We hypothesized that exercise combined with non-invasive stimulation targeting spinal synapses further promotes functional recovery. Twenty-five individuals with chronic incomplete cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord injury were randomly assigned to 10 sessions of exercise combined with paired corticospinal-motor neuronal stimulation (PCMS) or sham-PCMS. In an additional experiment, we tested the effect of PCMS without exercise in 13 individuals with spinal cord injury with similar characteristics. During PCMS, 180 pairs of stimuli were timed to have corticospinal volleys evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex arrive at corticospinal-motor neuronal synapses of upper- or lower-limb muscles (depending on the injury level), 1–2 ms before antidromic potentials were elicited in motor neurons by electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve. Participants exercised for 45 min after all protocols. We found that the time to complete subcomponents of the Graded and Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP) and the 10-m walk test decreased on average by 20% after all protocols. However, the amplitude of corticospinal responses elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation and the magnitude of maximal voluntary contractions in targeted muscles increased on overage by 40–50% after PCMS combined or not with exercise but not after sham-PCMS combined with exercise. Notably, behavioural and physiological effects were preserved 6 months after the intervention in the group receiving exercise with PCMS but not in the group receiving exercise combined with sham-PCMS, suggesting that the stimulation contributed to preserve exercise gains. Our findings indicate that targeted non-invasive stimulation of spinal synapses might represent an effective strategy to facilitate exercise-mediated recovery in humans with different degrees of paralysis and levels of spinal cord injury.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Position Statements on Polymyxin B and Colistin Clinical Breakpoints
Authors: Satlin Michael J , Lewis James S , Weinstein Melvin P , Patel Jean , Humphries Romney M , Kahlmeter Gunnar , Giske Christian G , Turnidge John 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent data on polymyxin pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity, and clinical outcomes suggest these agents have limited clinical utility. Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics data show a steady-state concentration of 2 μg/mL is required for killing bacteria with colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2 μg/mL. Less than 50% of patients with normal renal function achieve this exposure, and it is associated with high risk of nephrotoxicity. This exposure does not achieve bacterial stasis in pneumonia models. Randomized and observational studies consistently demonstrate increased mortality for polymyxins compared with alternative agents. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) are 2 global organizations that establish interpretive criteria for in vitro susceptibility data. CLSI has recently taken the step to eliminate the “susceptible” interpretive category for the polymyxins, whereas EUCAST maintains this interpretive category. This viewpoint describes the opinions of these organizations and the data that were used to inform their perspectives.
Consistent Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Saliva
Authors: To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Tsang Owen Tak-Yin , Yip Cyril Chik-Yan , Chan Kwok-Hung , Wu Tak-Chiu , Chan Jacky Man-Chun , Leung Wai-Shing , Chik Thomas Shiu-Hong , Choi Chris Yau-Chung , Kandamby Darshana H , Lung David Christopher , Tam Anthony Raymond , Poon Rosana Wing-Shan , Fung Agnes Yim-Fong , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was detected in the self-collected saliva of 91.7% (11/12) of patients. Serial saliva viral load monitoring generally showed a declining trend. Live virus was detected in saliva by viral culture. Saliva is a promising noninvasive specimen for diagnosis, monitoring, and infection control in patients with 2019-nCoV infection.
The polarization within and across individuals: the hierarchical Ising opinion model
Authors: van der Maas Han L J , Dalege Jonas , Waldorp Lourens 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolarization of opinions is a societal threat. It involves psychological processes as well as group dynamics, a popular topic in statistical physics. However, the interaction between the within individual dynamics of attitude formation and across person polarization is rarely studied. By modelling individual attitudes as Ising networks of attitude elements, and approximating this behaviour by the cusp singularity, we developed a fundamentally new model of social dynamics. In this hierarchical model, agents behave either discretely or continuously depending on their attention to the issue. At the individual level, the model reproduces the mere thought effect and resistance to persuasion. At the social level, the model implies polarization and the persuasion paradox. We propose a new intervention for escaping polarization in bounded confidence models of opinion dynamics.
Reframing conservation physiology to be more inclusive, integrative, relevant and forward-looking: reflections and a horizon scan
Authors: Cooke Steven J , Madliger Christine L , Cramp Rebecca L , Beardall John , Burness Gary , Chown Steven L , Clark Timothy D , Dantzer Ben , de la Barrera Erick , Fangue Nann A , Franklin Craig E , Fuller Andrea , Hawkes Lucy A , Hultine Kevin R , Hunt Kathleen E , Love Oliver P , MacMillan Heath A , Mandelman John W , Mark Felix C , Martin Lynn B , Newman Amy E M , Nicotra Adrienne B , Robinson Sharon A , Ropert-Coudert Yan , Rummer Jodie L , Seebacher Frank , Todgham Anne E 
Published: February 2020

AbstractApplying physiological tools, knowledge and concepts to understand conservation problems (i.e. conservation physiology) has become commonplace and confers an ability to understand mechanistic processes, develop predictive models and identify cause-and-effect relationships. Conservation physiology is making contributions to conservation solutions; the number of ‘success stories’ is growing, but there remain unexplored opportunities for which conservation physiology shows immense promise and has the potential to contribute to major advances in protecting and restoring biodiversity. Here, we consider how conservation physiology has evolved with a focus on reframing the discipline to be more inclusive and integrative. Using a ‘horizon scan’, we further explore ways in which conservation physiology can be more relevant to pressing conservation issues of today (e.g. addressing the Sustainable Development Goals; delivering science to support the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration), as well as more forward-looking to inform emerging issues and policies for tomorrow. Our horizon scan provides evidence that, as the discipline of conservation physiology continues to mature, it provides a wealth of opportunities to promote integration, inclusivity and forward-thinking goals that contribute to achieving conservation gains. To advance environmental management and ecosystem restoration, we need to ensure that the underlying science (such as that generated by conservation physiology) is relevant with accompanying messaging that is straightforward and accessible to end users.
The Economics of Optimal Foraging by the Red Imported Fire Ant
Authors: Roeder Karl A , Prather Rebecca M , Paraskevopoulos Anna W , Roeder Diane V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For social organisms, foraging is often a complicated behavior where tasks are divided among numerous individuals. Here, we ask how one species, the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), collectively manages this behavior. We tested the Diminishing Returns Hypothesis, which posits that for social insects 1) foraging investment levels increase until diminishing gains result in a decelerating slope of return and 2) the level of investment is a function of the size of the collective group. We compared how different metrics of foraging (e.g., number of foragers, mass of foragers, and body size of foragers) are correlated and how these metrics change over time. We then tested the prediction that as fire ant colonies increase in size, both discovery time and the inflection point (i.e., the time point where colonial investment toward resources slows) should decrease while a colony’s maximum foraging mass should increase. In congruence with our predictions, we found that fire ants recruited en masse toward baits, allocating 486 workers and 148 mg of biomass, on average, after 60 min: amounts that were not different 30 min prior. There was incredible variation across colonies with discovery time, the inflection point, and the maximum biomass of foragers all being significantly correlated with colony size. We suggest that biomass is a solid indicator of how social taxa invest their workforce toward resources and hypothesize ways that invasive fire ants are able to leverage their enormous workforce to dominate novel ecosystems by comparing their foraging and colony mass with co-occurring native species.
Diversity of a phosphate transporter gene among species and isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Giovannini Luca , Sbrana Cristiana , Avio Luciano , Turrini Alessandra 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key group of beneficial obligate biotrophs, establishing a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most land plants. The molecular markers generally used for their characterization are mainly based on informative regions of nuclear rDNA (SSU-ITS-LSU), although protein-encoding genes have also been proposed. Within functional genes, those encoding for phosphate transporters (PT) are particularly important in AMF, given their primary ability to take up Pi from soil, and to differentially affect plant phosphate nutrition. In this work, we investigated the genetic diversity of PT1 gene sequences and sequences of the taxonomically relevant SSU-ITS-LSU region in two isolates of the species Funneliformis coronatus, three isolates of the species Funneliformis mosseae and two species of the genus Rhizoglomus, originated from geographically distant areas and cultured in vivo. Our results showed that partial PT1 sequences not only successfully differentiated AMF genera and species like ribosomal gene sequences but also highlighted intraspecific diversity among F. mosseae and F. coronatus isolates. The study of functional genes related to the uptake of key mineral nutrients for the assessment of AMF diversity represents a key step in the selection of efficient isolates to be used as inocula in sustainable agriculture.
Proinflammatory cytokines induce accumulation of glypican-1-derived heparan sulfate and the C-terminal fragment of β-cleaved APP in autophagosomes of dividing neuronal cells
Authors: Cheng Fang , Fransson Lars-Åke , Mani Katrin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines stimulate expression of β-secretase, which increases processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), ultimately leading to the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ). The N-terminal domain of β-cleaved APP supports Cu/NO-dependent release of heparan sulfate (HS) from the glypican-1 (Gpc-1) proteoglycan. HS is an inhibitor of β-secretase, thereby constituting a regulatory, negative feedback loop. Here, we have investigated the effect of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 on the interplay between APP processing and release of HS from Gpc-1 in neuronal cells. We have used deconvolution immunofluorescence microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and a panel of monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies recognizing the released HS, the N-terminus of Aβ, Aβ, the C-terminus of APP and the autophagosome marker LC3 as well as the chemical lysosome marker LysoTrackerRed (LTR). We repeatedly found that N2a neuroblastoma cells and human neural stem cells grown in the presence of the cytokines developed large cytoplasmic clusters, which stained positive for HS, the N-terminus of Aβ, Aβ, the C-terminus of APP, LC3 and LTR, indicating accumulation of HS and APP/APP degradation products in enlarged autophagosomes/lysosomes. The SDS-PAGE of immunoisolates obtained from TNF-α-treated N2a cells by using anti-C-terminus of APP revealed the presence of SDS-stable complexes between HS and the C-terminal fragment of β-cleaved APP (βCTF) migrating in the range 10–18 kDa. Clustered accumulation of βCTF disappeared when HS release was prevented and slightly enhanced when HS release was increased. Hence, when proinflammatory cytokines induce increased processing of APP, inhibition of β-secretase by HS is insufficient, which may lead to the impaired autophagosomal degradation.
Using Twitter to promote a youth mental health agenda
Authors: Dadich Ann , Khan Aila 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Agenda-setting theory suggests the media shapes public perceptions. Guided by this theory, this study examines the effects of organizational Twitter accounts on public discourse in the Twittersphere. The tweets that mention one of three youth mental health organizations were theorized to emanate the particular focus of the organization mentioned. This was investigated by analysing: randomly selected tweets that mentioned one of three national mental health organizations—ReachOut, headspace or the Young and Well Cooperative Research Centre but not authored by these organizations (n = 600); and the population of tweets that mentioned one of these three organizations and authored by either of the two counterparts of the mentioned organization (n = 115). Findings supported anticipated patterns, whereby the tweets reflected the remit of the three organizations. These findings reveal the influential role of social media in setting a youth mental health agenda. The implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.