bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refugees: a new intercultural education for global citizenship
Authors: Parejo José Luis , Ruiz-Requies Inés , González-Pedraza Ainoa 
Published: March 2020

Tradicionalmente, la migración ha englobado los conceptos de emigración e inmigración. La emigración era el acto de salir de un país para dirigirte a otro y la inmigración la entrada en otro país. Sin embargo, la connotación negativa que ha adquirido este segundo término a lo largo de los años, en gran parte debido a los medios de comunicación, ha provocado que se generalice y se hable únicamente de migración. La inmigración se ha convertido en sinónimo de invasión, de abuso de los papeles identificatorios, con las mafias, de desempleo, de violencia, de crimen, de drogas, de ilegalidad, de desviación cultural, de fanatismo e intolerancia religiosa, de atraso, etc. Mientras que el término migración se refiere a toda persona que abandona su lugar de origen, de manera temporal o permanente, por motivos laborales, familiares o de cualquier otra índole, que influyan en su calidad de vida. Partiendo de esta idea, este artículo realiza un análisis y discusión teórica sobre el origen y evolución de los movimientos migratorios y sus efectos en los países de acogida, centrándonos, en el caso de España, en la situación de los refugiados y la respuesta que desde el ámbito educativo ha de darse para combatir la creciente ola de racismo y xenofobia presente en las sociedades occidentales multiculturales y la configuración de una nueva ciudadanía global, más inclusiva y diversa.
Migration has traditionally encompassed the concepts of emigration and immigration. Emigration was the action of leaving a country to go to another one and immigration was entering a different country. However, the negative connotations acquired by the latter term over the years, largely owing to the media, has led to the spread and simple use of migration. Immigration has become a synonym of invasion, abuse of identity documents, mafias, unemployment, violence, crime, drugs, illegality, cultural deviation, religious fanatism and intolerance, backwardness, etc., while the term migration refers to leaving one’s place of origin, either temporarily or permanently, for reasons related to work, family or any other motivation that influences quality of life. Drawing from this idea, this article provides an analysis and theoretical discussion on the origin and evolution of migration movements and their effects on host countries, specifically focusing on the case of Spain, refugees’ situation and how the area of education should respond to fight the growing wave of racism and xenophobia in current western multicultural societies, so that a new global citizenship that is more inclusive and diverse can be built.
The Controversy
Authors: Devriésère Viviane 
Published: March 2020

La educación para la ciudadanía democrática y el diálogo intercultural son desde 1954 temas claves del Consejo de Europa, que considera que la educación es fundamental para ayudar a los pueblos a vivir mejor juntos. Los atentados y las tensiones que han sufrido las sociedades europeas en los últimos años han reforzado la importancia de promover un conjunto de valores comunes en las sociedades occidentales. Así, en 2012-2013, durante la Presidencia Andorrana del Consejo de Europa, se inició el proyecto de definir las competencias necesarias para una sociedad democrática. El diálogo y la argumentación tienen un lugar central en el desarrollo de estas competencias. El Consejo de Europa ha puesto a disposición de los Estados diversos instrumentos, entre ellos uno relativo a la controversia, especialmente interesante para construir estas competencias.
L’éducation à la citoyenneté démocratique et le dialogue interculturel sont depuis 1954 des thématiques clés du Conseil de l’Europe qui considère la place de l’éducation comme centrale pour aider les peuples à mieux vivre ensemble. Les attentats et les tensions qu’ont connus les sociétés européennes ces dernières années ont renforcé l’importance de promouvoir un ensemble de valeurs communes dans les sociétés occidentales. C’est ainsi qu’en 2012-2013, lors de la présidence du Conseil de l’Europe par l’Andorre, est né le projet de définir les compétences nécessaires à une société démocratique. Parmi les compétences attendues des citoyens dans les sociétés démocratiques entrent différentes aptitudes, comme celle de communiquer efficacement avec les autres, et notamment avec les personnes de cultures différentes, et celle de résoudre pacifiquement les conflits. Le dialogue et l’argumentation ont une place centrale dans le développement de ces compétences. La controverse est apparue au Conseil de l’Europe comme une pratique essentielle, à mettre en place dès l’école, pour permettre aux citoyens de régler les polémiques de façon pacifique. Le Conseil de l’Europe a mis à disposition des Etats divers outils dont un portant sur la controverse, particulièrement intéressant pour construire ces compétences.
Predictive modelling of the distribution of Clematis sect. Fruticella s. str. under climate change reveals a range expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Li Mingyu , He Jian , Zhao Zhe , Lyu Rudan , Yao Min , Cheng Jin , Xie Lei 
Published: March 2020

Background
The knowledge of distributional dynamics of living organisms is a prerequisite for protecting biodiversity and for the sustainable use of biotic resources. Clematis sect. Fruticella s. str. is a small group of shrubby, yellow-flowered species distributed mainly in arid and semi-arid areas of China. Plants in this section are both horticulturally and ecologically important.

Methods
Using past, present, and future environmental variables and data with Maximum Entropy (Maxent) modeling, we evaluated the importance of the environmental variables on the section’s estimated distributions, thus simulating its distributional dynamics over time. The contractions and expansions of suitable habitat between the past and future scenarios and the present were then compared.

Results and Discussion
The models revealed that the areas with high and moderate suitability currently encompass about 725,110 km2. The distribution centroid location varies between points in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia during the different scenarios. Elevation, Mean UV-B of Lowest Month, Precipitation of Coldest Quarter, and Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter were major factors determining the section’s distribution. Our modeling indicated that Clematis sect. Fruticella underwent a significant range contraction during the last interglacial period, and then expanded during the last glacial maximum (LGM) to amounts like those of the present. Cold, dry, and relatively stable climate, as well as steppe or desert steppe environments may have facilitated range expansion of this cold-adapted, drought-resistant plant taxon during the LGM. Predicted future scenarios show little change in the amounts of suitable habitat for Clematis sect. Fruticella. This study aids understanding of the distributional dynamics of Clematis sect. Fruticella, and the results will help the conservation and sustainable use of these important woody plants in Chinese arid and semiarid areas.
Switchable Supercapacitors with Transistor‐Like Gating Characteristics (G‐Cap)
Authors: Lochmann Stefanie , Bräuniger Yannik , Gottsmann Vincent , Galle Lydia , Grothe Julia , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel three‐electrode electrolyte supercapacitor (electric double‐layer capacitor [EDLC]) architecture in which a symmetrical interdigital “working” two‐electrode micro‐supercapacitor array (W‐Cap) is paired with a third “gate” electrode that reversibly depletes/injects electrolyte ions into the system controlling the “working” capacity effectively is described. All three electrodes are based on precursor‐derived nanoporous carbons with well‐defined specific surface area (735 m2 g−1). The interdigitated architecture of the W‐Cap is precisely manufactured using 3D printing. The W‐Cap operating with a proton conducting PVA/H2SO4‐hydrogel electrolyte and high capacitance (6.9 mF cm−2) can be repeatedly switched “on” and “off”. By applying a low DC bias potential (−0.5 V) at the gate electrode, the AC electroadsorption in the coupled interdigital nanoporous carbon electrodes of the W‐Cap is effectively suppressed leading to a stark capacity drop by two orders of magnitude from an “on” to an “off” state. The switchable micro‐supercapacitor is the first of its kind. This general concept is suitable for implementing a broad range of nanoporous materials and advanced electrolytes expanding its functions and applications in future. The integration of intelligent functions into EDLC devices has extensive implications for diverse areas such as capacitive energy management, microelectronics, iontronics, and neuromodulation.
Functionality of Dual‐Phase Lithium Storage in a Porous Carbon Host for Lithium‐Metal Anode
Authors: Kim Junyoung , Lee Jaewoo , Yun Jonghyeok , Choi Seung Hyun , Han Sang A , Moon Janghyuk , Kim Jung Ho , Lee Jong‐Won , Park Min‐Sik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is regarded as the most attractive anode material for high‐energy Li batteries, but it faces unavoidable challenges—uncontrollable dendritic growth of Li and severe volume changes during Li plating and stripping. Herein, a porous carbon framework (PCF) derived from a metal–organic framework (MOF) is proposed as a dual‐phase Li storage material that enables efficient and reversible Li storage via lithiation and metallization processes. Li is electrochemically stored in the PCF upon charging to 0 V versus Li/Li+ (lithiation), making the PCF surface more lithiophilic, and then the formation of metallic Li phase can be induced spontaneously in the internal nanopores during further charging below 0 V versus Li/Li+ (metallization). Based on thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies, it is shown that atomically dispersed zinc plays an important role in facilitating Li plating and that the reversibility of Li storage is significantly improved by controlled nanostructural engineering of 3D porous nanoarchitectures to promote the uniform formation of Li. Moreover, the MOF‐derived PCF does not suffer from macroscopic volume changes during cycling. This work demonstrates that the nanostructural engineering of porous carbon structures combined with lithiophilic element coordination would be an effective approach for realizing high‐capacity, reversible Li‐metal anodes.
Ultrafast Thermodynamic Control for Stable and Efficient Mixed Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Luo Chao , Yan Cheng , Li Wen , Chun Fengjun , Xie Meilin , Zhu Zhihao , Gao Yue , Guo Bolin , Yang Weiqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLow photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and spectra instability, the two most difficult challenges in blue‐emitting CsPbBrxCl3−x NCs, have not yet been solved. Quickly controlling the reaction thermodynamics is crucial to enhance crystallinity, thus PLQY and spectra stability, but it has been ignored until now. An ultrafast thermodynamic control (UTC) strategy is designed by utilizing liquid nitrogen to instantaneously freeze the superior crystal lattices of CsPbBrxCl3−x NCs formed at high temperature. The average cooling rate exhibits a 33‐fold increase compared to conventional ice‐water cooling (from 1.5 to 50 K s−1). This UTC can make the reaction thermodynamic energy of the system lower than the threshold very quickly. Therefore, abrupt termination of further crystal growth can be achieved, which also avoids additional nucleation at low temperature. With the assist of defect passivation, the final blue‐emitting CsPbBrxCl3−x NCs exhibit an absolute PLQY of 98%, representing the highest value in Pb‐based blue perovskites to date. More importantly, they exhibit superior spectra instability. This UTC strategy not only represents a new avenue to synthesize perovskite NCs with excellent crystal quality and ultrahigh PLQY, but also provides a good reference to deal with the recognized bottleneck of spectra instability.
Conditioning of 3D Printed Nanoengineered Ionic–Covalent Entanglement Scaffolds with iP‐hMSCs Derived Matrix
Authors: Sears Candice , Mondragon Eli , Richards Zachary I. , Sears Nick , Chimene David , McNeill Eoin P. , Gregory Carl A. , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. , Kaunas Roland 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing is a promising method for producing customized 3D bioactive constructs for regenerative medicine. Here, 3D printed highly osteogenic scaffolds using nanoengineered ionic–covalent entanglement ink (NICE) for bone tissue engineering are reported. This NICE ink consists of ionic–covalent entanglement reinforced with Laponite, a 2D nanosilicate (nSi) clay, allowing for the printing of anatomic‐sized constructs with high accuracy. The 3D printed structure is able to maintain high structural stability in physiological conditions without any significant swelling or deswelling. The presence of nSi imparts osteoinductive characteristics to the NICE scaffolds, which is further augmented by depositing pluripotent stem cell‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM) on the scaffolds. This is achieved by stimulating human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (iP‐hMSCs) with 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzanilide, a PPARγ inhibitor that enhances Wnt pathway, resulting in the deposition of an ECM characterized by high levels of collagens VI and XII found in anabolic bone. The osteoinductive characteristics of these bioconditioned NICE (bNICE) scaffolds is demonstrated through osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells. A significant increase in the expression of osteogenic gene markers as well as mineralized ECM are observed on bioconditioned NICE (bNICE) scaffolds compared to bare scaffolds (NICE). The bioconditioned 3D printed scaffolds provide a unique strategy to design personalized bone grafts for in situ bone regeneration.
Aptamer/Peptide‐Functionalized Genome‐Editing System for Effective Immune Restoration through Reversal of PD‐L1‐Mediated Cancer Immunosuppression
Authors: He Xiao‐Yan , Ren Xiao‐He , Peng Yan , Zhang Jian‐Ping , Ai Shu‐Lun , Liu Bo‐Ya , Xu Chang , Cheng Si‐Xue 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEffective reversal of tumor immunosuppression is of critical importance in cancer therapy. A multifunctional delivery vector that can effectively deliver CRISPR‐Cas9 plasmid for β‐catenin knockout to reverse tumor immunosuppression is constructed. The multi‐functionalized delivery vector is decorated with aptamer‐conjugated hyaluronic acid and peptide‐conjugated hyaluronic acid to combine the tumor cell/nuclear targeting function of AS1411 with the cell penetrating/nuclear translocation function of TAT‐NLS. Due to the significantly enhanced plasmid enrichment in malignant cell nuclei, the genome editing system can induce effective β‐catenin knockout and suppress Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, resulting in notably downregulated proteins involved in tumor progression and immunosuppression. Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) downregulation in edited tumor cells not only releases the PD‐1/PD‐L1 brake to improve the cancer killing capability of CD8+ T cells, but also enhances antitumor immune responses of immune cells. This provides a facile strategy to reverse tumor immunosuppression and to restore immunosurveillance and activate anti‐tumor immunity.
Application of Photocatalytic Materials in Sensors
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Wang Chengyin , Su Dawei , Wang Guoxiu , Zhong Yunhao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotocatalysis technology can not only decompose water, toxic and harmful substances in the environment, but also directly convert solar energy into electricity and other clean energy. Therefore, the application of photocatalytic materials in sensors has great potential. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the application and potential of photocatalytic materials in sensors. The content includes the application of various photocatalytic materials in sensors. The photocatalytic materials mainly include n‐type semiconductor materials TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, Fe2O3, WO3, In2O3 and nonmetallic semiconductor C3N4. Sensors include gas sensors, photoelectrochemical sensors, electrochemical sensors, photocatalytic sensors, and other sensors. The results show that photocatalytic materials are most widely used in gas sensors. In addition to using photocatalytic materials to detect gas, the most common method is to use photocatalytic materials to detect the concentration of metal ions and organic substances in water. The most widely used photocatalytic material is titanium dioxide, and C3N4 as a nonmetallic semiconductor is rarely used in sensors. It can be concluded that photocatalytic materials have great potential in the application of sensors, among which C3N4 as a nonmetallic semiconductor photocatalytic material has more potential.
Remote Modification of Bidentate Phosphane Ligands Controlling the Photonic Properties in Their Complexes: Enhanced Performance of [Cu(RN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Arnosti Nina , Brunner Fabian , Susic Isidora , Keller Sarah , Junquera‐Hernández José M. , Prescimone Alessandro , Bolink Henk J. , Sessolo Michele , Ortí Enrique , Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA series of copper(I) complexes of the type [Cu(HN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] and [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6], in which N^N = bpy, Mebpy, and Me2bpy, HN‐xantphos = 4,6‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐10H‐phenoxazine and BnN‐xantphos = 10‐benzyl‐4,6‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐10H‐phenoxazine is described. The single crystal structures of [Cu(HN‐xantphos)(Mebpy)][PF6] and [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6] confirm the presence of N^N and P^P chelating ligands with the copper(I) atoms in distorted coordination environments. Solution electrochemical and photophysical properties of the BnN‐xantphos‐containing compounds (for which the highest‐occupied molecular orbital is located on the phenoxazine moiety) are reported. The first oxidation of [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] occurs on the BnN‐xantphos ligand. Time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations have been used to analyze the solution absorption spectra of the [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] compounds. In the solid‐state, the compounds show photoluminescence in the range 518–555 nm for [Cu(HN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] and 520–575 nm for [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] with a blue‐shift on going from bpy to Mebpy to Me2bpy. [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6] exhibits a solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yield of 55% with an excited state lifetime of 17.4 µs. Bright light‐emitting electrochemical cells are obtained using this complex, and it is shown that the electroluminescence quantum yield can be enhanced by using less conducting hole injection layers.
Suppressing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Close‐Packed Quantum‐Dot Thin Film: Toward Efficient Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency over 21.6%
Authors: Zhang Heng , Su Qiang , Chen Shuming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractColloidal II–VI quantum dots (QDs) exhibit near‐unity photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) when they are dissolved in dilute solution. However, when they are assembled into thin film, the PL QY is decreased significantly due to the presence of nonradiative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) among the close‐packed QDs. In this work, the FRET is suppressed by developing a binary‐QD light emission layer (EML), where blue‐QDs are introduced as spacers to spatially separate the red‐QDs. Due to the separation of red‐QDs, the FRET among red‐QDs is effectively suppressed and thus the emission properties of red‐QDs are well preserved. As a result, the PL QY of red‐QD thin film is enhanced by 1.5 times. When the binary‐QD EML is integrated into devices, the resultant QD light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) exhibit a high external quantum efficiency of 21.64%. The work offers a new, simple and effective approach to suppress the FRET and improve the QY of QD thin film, which may open up a new avenue for developing efficient QLEDs with near‐unity internal quantum efficiency.
Polyvinyl Alcohol/SiO2 Hybrid Dielectric for Transparent Flexible/Stretchable All‐Carbon‐Nanotube Thin‐Film‐Transistor Integration
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Du Chunhui , Jiao Haoxuan , Zhang Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFlexible and stretchable electronic (FSE) transistors create various novel applications. Carbon nanotubes possess high intrinsic mobility and exceptional mechanical and optical characteristics, which lead to a great potential as channel and electrodes in FSE transistors. At the same time, gate dielectric is also required to be intrinsically flexible/stretchable and integratable. However, few high‐performance solutions have been reported. By adopting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/SiO2 hybrid layer as dielectric, the integration of high‐performance intrinsically flexible/stretchable carbon‐nanotube‐based thin film transistors is proposed and realized simply by traditional photolithography‐etching and low‐temperature solution processes. The PVA/SiO2 dielectric simultaneously provides a relatively high‐k value, improves the carrier conduction interface, increases the carbon nanotube (CNT) density, and protects the PVA from plasma damage. Soft transistors with carbon nanotube channel and electrodes exhibit carrier mobility of 14 cm2 V−1 s−1 within an operation voltage of 0.3 V. These transistors show a small bending radius of 3 mm, and the stretchable transistors can withstand 50% strain with no significant electrical degradation observed, when measured in situ and along different directions for more than 1000 cycles. This work provides a solution for soft transparent transistor integration, indicating promising applicability to soft circuits, displays, and wearable electronics.
Needle‐Like Ferroelastic Domains in Individual Ferroelectric Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Zhen , Schold Elijah , Karpov Dmitry , Harder Ross , Lookman Turab , Fohtung Edwin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSuperior structural, physical, and electronic properties make ferroelectric nanocrystals essential in enabling a range of next‐generation devices. Ferroelectric responses are determined by crystal structure and domain morphology. The ability to reversibly displace, create, and annihilate elastic domains is critical to device applications. Although electric‐field control has been demonstrated for ferroelectric 180° surface domain walls and vortices, similar control of ferroelastic domains and domain boundaries within individual nanocrystals remains challenging. Using controlled external compressive and tensile axial stress, deterministic and reversible control of highly mobile ferroelastic domains and axial polarization in three dimensions is demonstrated. While many studies exist on ferroelastic domains in thin films and bulk, little is known about ferroelastic interactions at the single nanoparticle level, especially involving domain boundaries. Through combining Bragg coherent X‐ray diffractive imaging and Landau theory, strain gradients in individual BaTiO3 nanocrystals are shown to stabilize needle‐like ferroelastic twin domains. These domains are highly labile under applied axial stress, producing a locally enhanced electric polarization mediated by a ferroelectric phase transition. The efficacy of Bragg coherent X‐ray diffractive imaging in studying in operando domains in three dimensions is demonstrated, while synergy with theory provides a paradigm for domain boundary engineering and potential for nanoscale functional devices.