bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-driven activity-based costing as a strategy to increase value: the case of interventional procedures
Authors: Etges Ana Paula Beck da Silva , Cruz Luciane N , Schlatter Rosane , Neyeloff Jeruza , Carodso Ricardo B , Kopittke Luciane , Nunes Altacilio , Neto José Alburquerque , Nogueira José , Assis Renata de , Tobias Joilma , Marin-Neto José , Moreira Leila , Polanczyk Carisi Anne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Adopting value-based health care management strategies requires monitoring the real costs and care delivered to patients. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-saving opportunities of interventional coronary procedures (ICPs) by assessing patients’ processes of care and costs in five public academic hospitals.Methods: Data from 90 patients submitted to elective ICP were evaluated in five hospitals in Brazil. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) was used to assess real-world costs and the time spent over the care pathway. Descriptive cost analyses were followed by a labour cost-saving estimate potentially achieved by the redesign of the ICP pathway, considering the benchmark of the patient care cycle identified in the sample of hospitals studied.Results: The mean cost per patient of interventional angioplasty was $1,677 (SD $881). The length of the procedure phase per patient was similar among the hospitals, while the post- procedure phase presented the highest variation in length. However, it was possible to demonstrate that the highest direct cost saving opportunities are concentrated in the procedure phase in which labour and non-labour resources are more consumed. Physician involvement redesign can account for a 51% decrease in procedure cost.Conclusion: This study demonstrated how the level of detailing on cost information provided by the TDABC can contribute to driving health care management to value by identifying cost-saving opportunities in health service delivery.
Taking water efficiency to the next level: digital tools to reduce non-revenue water
Authors: Cassidy J. , Barbosa B. , Damião M. , Ramalho P. , Ganhão A. , Santos A. , Feliciano J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Efficiency optimization of urban water systems is a growing concern for water utilities worldwide. This case study aimed at evaluating the impact of using cloud-based tools on the reduction of both real (real-time network monitoring) and apparent water losses (integrated customer meters management) in two water utilities. The incorporation of smart water solutions with a methodology for the management and operation of the systems allowed us to diagnose, prioritize areas and define actions to improve efficiency. Using a real-time monitoring tool allowed us to categorize bursts and to evaluate their impact on water loss volumes and to identify operational inefficiencies regarding detection and repair times, particularly in small and medium bursts. Additionally, the implementation of an integrated customer meters management tool allowed for an optimized meter management reducing apparent losses by estimating metering errors more accurately, enabling the water utilities to replace meters based on specific lifespan. Digitalization, through the implementation of optimized algorithms and early warning systems, allowed the analysis of data in a methodical and prompt manner resulting in non-revenue water reduction up to 8% in 3 years while improving the digital organization of data and its quality (reliability and accuracy), interdepartmental organization and communication, capacity building and utilities’ image among stakeholders.
Techno-economic analysis of olive wastewater treatment with a closed water approach by integrated membrane processes and advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Innocenzi Valentina , Mazziotti di Celso Giuseppe , Prisciandaro Marina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a reliable treatment process for olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) is proposed. In order to develop a more sustainable process with polyphenols recovery and water reuse, two treatment schemes have been simulated by using a process simulator (SuperPro Designer®), depending on wastewater characteristics; the first applied for ‘biological’ effluents by using membrane technology (microfiltration MF, ultrafiltration UF, nanofiltration NF and reverse osmosis RO), the second for wastewaters containing pesticides, in which RO is replaced with an advanced oxidation process for pesticide degradation. The results of the process analysis showed that the final permeate is a treated water suitable for both disposal in aquatic receptors and for civil or agriculture reuse. Moreover, the results of a techno-economic analysis of the proposed processes is presented, carried out by means of a life cycle cost analysis, considering the mass and energy balances obtained from process analysis. The analysis showed that the first scenario is more economically feasible. In detail, the treatment cost (€/m3 of OMWW) was 253 and 292 €/m3 for the first and second case study, respectively. However, the second process scheme result is inappropriate if the wastewater to be treated does not come from biological olive processing.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Biomedical Properties of Natural Biopolymer Composites
Authors: Liu Shan , Ji Xing-Xiang , Zhu Jie-Fang 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Natural biopolymers have drawn extensive attention because of
their great biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and the availability of various
reactive functional groups for modifying and introducing novel components. In the
last few years, numerous natural biopolymer composites have been exploited to improve
their physical and chemical properties and add new functionalities.

Methods:
Herein, we summarize the current progress of three common classes of natural biopolymer-based composites
including alginate, chitosan, and gelatin.
Results: The morphology characteristics, preparation methods, and unique functionalities of these biopolymer composites
are also analyzed and discussed.

Results:
The morphology characteristics, preparation methods, and unique functionalities of these biopolymer composites
are also analyzed and discussed.

Conclusion:
Finally, the article offers an overview of recent progress in the main biomedical
applications such as tissue engineering, wound-healing, and drug delivery, which inspires
further progress in biopolymer composites with tailored mechanical property and
stable characteristics for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Evaluation of the Nucleopolyhedrovirus of Anticarsia gemmatalis as a Vector for Gene Therapy in Mammals
Authors: Parsza Cintia N. , Gómez Diego L.M. , Simonin Jorge A. , Belaich Mariano Nicolás , Ghiringhelli Pablo D. 
Published: December 2020

Background:Baculoviruses are insect pathogens with important biotechnological applications that transcend their use as biological controllers of agricultural pests. One species, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolhyedrovirus (AcMNPV), has been extensively exploited as a molecular platform to produce recombinant proteins and as a delivery vector for genes in mammals because it can transduce a wide range of mammalian cells and tissues without replicating or producing progeny.Methods:To investigate if the budded virions of Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolhyedrovirus (AgMNPV) species has the same ability, the viral genome was modified by homologous recombination into susceptible insect cells to integrate reporter genes and then it was evaluated on mammalian cell lines in a comparative form with respect to equivalent viruses derived from AcMNPV. Besides, the replicative capacity of AgMNPV´s virions in mammals was determined.Results:The experiments carried out showed that the recombinant variant of AgMNPV transduces and support the expression of delivered genes but not replicates in mammalian cells.Conclusion:Consequently, this insect pathogen is proposed as an alternative to non-infectious viruses in humans to explore new approaches in gene therapy and other applications based on the use of mammalian cells.
Interstitial Lung Disease Associated Acute Respiratory Failure Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Vahdatpour Cyrus A. , Pichler Alexander , Palevsky Harold I. , Kallan Michael J. , Patel Namrata B. , Kinniry Paul A. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Interstitial Lung Disease [ILD] patients requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation [IMV] for Acute Respiratory Failure [ARF] are known to have a poor prognosis. Few studies have investigated determinants of outcomes and the utility of trialing Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation [NIPPV] prior to IMV to see if there are any effect[s] on mortality or morbidity.

Methods:
A retrospective study was designed using patients at four different intensive care units within one health care system. The primary objective was to determine if there are differences in outcomes for in-hospital and one-year mortality between patients who undergo NIPPV prior to IMV and those who receive only IMV. A secondary objective was to identify potential determinants of outcomes.

Results:
Out of 54 ILD patients with ARF treated with IMV, 20 (37.0%) survived until hospital discharge and 10 (18.5%) were alive at one-year. There was no significant mortality difference between patients trialed on NIPPV prior to IMV and those receiving only IMV. Several key determinants of outcomes were identified with higher mortality, including higher ventilatory support, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) subtype, high dose steroids, use of vasopressors, supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), and higher body mass index.

Conclusion:
Considering that patients trialed on NIPPV prior to IMV were associated with no mortality disadvantage to patients treated with only IMV, trialing patients on NIPPV may identify responders and avoid complications associated with IMV. Increased ventilator support, need of vasopressors, SVTs, and high dose steroids reflect higher mortality and palliative care involvement should be considered as early as possible if a lung transplant is not an option.
Prevalência de anticorpos IgM e IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii em universitários do Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro
Authors: Franco dos Santos Isadora Paula , Marinho Ana Flávia Santos Silva , Gómez-Hernández César , Andrade Cristhianne Molinero Ratkevicius , Rodrigues Virmondes , Rezende-Oliveira Karine 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Investigar a presença de IgG e IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii no soro de estudantes de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, campus do Pontal. Métodos: Estudo transversal de prevalência, com coleta de dados realizada entre junho de 2017 e fevereiro de 2018. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de Imunofluorescência Indireta e Ensaio Imunoenzimático (ELISA) e aplicados questionário semiestruturado para avaliação dos conhecimentos prévios sobre a toxoplasmose. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 128 alunos com faixa etária de 18 a 41 anos, sendo 83 (64,4%) do sexo feminino e 45 (35,6%) do sexo masculino. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 106 participantes e 13 (12,3%) apresentaram anticorpos anti-T. gondii. Destes, 3 (2,8%) afirmaram consumir leite bovino não pasteurizado, 3 (2,8%) carne crua ou mal passada e 1 (0,94%) vegetais crus ou não higienizados. Não foi observada associação estatisticamente significativa entre positividade (IgM anti-T. gondii e/ou IgG anti-T. gondii) e as variáveis analisadas no questionário.Conclusão: Neste trabalho foi possível verificar a presença de anticorpos IgM e IgG anti-T. gondii em universitários. Não se observou uma associação entre soropositividade e o hábito alimentar. Entretanto, a análise das respostas obtidas no questionário mostrou comportamento de risco por parte destes indivíduos, principalmente ao que se refere ao contato frequente com cães e gatos, muitas vezes recolhidos na rua.
Padrões de consumo de bebidas energéticas e suplementos alimentares à base de cafeína por frequentadores de academias
Authors: Pedrosa Iago , Fernandes Paris Vinicius , Reis Hamilton Henrique Teixeira , Bouzas Marins João Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, hábitos, e prevalência de consumo de energéticos e suplementos à base de cafeína por praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias. Métodos: Foi empregado um questionário autoaplicável de 27 perguntas no Google® Forms, divulgado em mídias sociais entre setembro e outubro de 2018. Resultados: Participaram 200 frequentadores de academias, 71% adultos jovens, 52% tendo mais de 2 anos de prática e frequência regular de 5 - 6 vezes por semana. A maioria da amostra era mulher (58,5%), praticante de musculação (61,6%) de MG (62,5%). O consumo sem orientação profissional foi de 81,6% nos energéticos e 53,9% para suplementos à base de cafeína. 73,3% dos consumidores de energéticos tinham objetivos relacionados com atividades sociais, preferindo a marca RedBul® (40,4%). Entre os consumidores de suplementos de cafeína houve preferência por termogênicos (32,7%) e cafeína pura (29,9%), com objetivo principal a melhora de performance (28,7%), apresentando respostas ergolíticas de taquicardia e palpitações como registrado nos energéticos. Não houve registro de efeitos adversos em 19,2% dos consumidores de cafeína e 40,8% de energéticos. As dosagens de consumo dos produtos estavam dentro da faixa de segurança (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusão: O consumo de ambos produtos foi feito sem orientação profissional, porém, com dosagens dentro da faixa de segurança. O consumo de bebidas energéticas esteve voltado para atividades sociais e melhora da performance esportiva. Foram registrados efeitos ergolíticos.
Deep Learning–Based Multimodal Data Fusion: Case Study in Food Intake Episodes Detection Using Wearable Sensors
Authors: Bahador Nooshin , Ferreira Denzil , Tamminen Satu , Kortelainen Jukka 
Published: December 2020

Background
Multimodal wearable technologies have brought forward wide possibilities in human activity recognition, and more specifically personalized monitoring of eating habits. The emerging challenge now is the selection of most discriminative information from high-dimensional data collected from multiple sources. The available fusion algorithms with their complex structure are poorly adopted to the computationally constrained environment which requires integrating information directly at the source. As a result, more simple low-level fusion methods are needed.

Objective
In the absence of a data combining process, the cost of directly applying high-dimensional raw data to a deep classifier would be computationally expensive with regard to the response time, energy consumption, and memory requirement. Taking this into account, we aimed to develop a data fusion technique in a computationally efficient way to achieve a more comprehensive insight of human activity dynamics in a lower dimension. The major objective was considering statistical dependency of multisensory data and exploring intermodality correlation patterns for different activities.

Methods
In this technique, the information in time (regardless of the number of sources) is transformed into a 2D space that facilitates classification of eating episodes from others. This is based on a hypothesis that data captured by various sensors are statistically associated with each other and the covariance matrix of all these signals has a unique distribution correlated with each activity which can be encoded on a contour representation. These representations are then used as input of a deep model to learn specific patterns associated with specific activity.

Results
In order to show the generalizability of the proposed fusion algorithm, 2 different scenarios were taken into account. These scenarios were different in terms of temporal segment size, type of activity, wearable device, subjects, and deep learning architecture. The first scenario used a data set in which a single participant performed a limited number of activities while wearing the Empatica E4 wristband. In the second scenario, a data set related to the activities of daily living was used where 10 different participants wore inertial measurement units while performing a more complex set of activities. The precision metric obtained from leave-one-subject-out cross-validation for the second scenario reached 0.803. The impact of missing data on performance degradation was also evaluated.

Conclusions
To conclude, the proposed fusion technique provides the possibility of embedding joint variability information over different modalities in just a single 2D representation which results in obtaining a more global view of different aspects of daily human activities at hand, and yet preserving the desired performance level in activity recognition.
Hubungan Agama dan Negara di Indonesia: Polemik dan Implikasinya dalam Pembentukan dan Perubahan Konstitusi
Authors: Sadzali Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

For ages, the relationship between state and religion in Indonesia is always become a controversy, and the tension were getting higher in the early period before the declaration of independence. This article discusses how the controversy was occurred within period of Constitution making, and its influence in the text of Constitution, amendment or replacement of the Constitution. The debate on the issue of state and religion were focused on weather Indonesia would become a religious state (Islamic state) or secular state. The issue was consciously repeated in the event of amendment or replacement of Constitution. The implication of the discourse between state and religion lead to the gentlemen agreement on Pancasila, which one of the principles is “Believe in one God”. Therefore, the principle is reflected in Constitution such as recognition of certain religions; equality among the officially recognized religions; guaranteeing of freedom of religion; human rights protection which consider religious values; and developing national education system that based on religious aspect.
Abstrak
Polemik tentang hubungan antara agama dan negara di Indonesia sesungguhnya telah berlangsung lama, dan semakin meningkat tensinya pada saat kemerdekaan Indonesia sedang dipersiapkan. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana polemik itu berlangsung dalam kaitannya dengan pembentukan dan perubahan Konstitusi, dan bagaimana pula implikasinya pada Konstitusi yang dibentuk, diganti, dan diamandemen. Dalam artikel ini ditunjukkan, polemik hubungan agama dan negara berlangsung sengit pada masa persiapan kemerdekaan, atau jika dikaitkan dengan Konstitusi berarti pada saat Konstitusi pertama sedang dirumuskan. Polemik itu berkutat pada perdebatan apakah Indonesia menjadi negara agama (Islam) ataukah negara yang tidak didasarkan pada agama tertentu. Polemik semacam ini ternyata kembali berulang pada saat Konstitusi diganti dan diamandemen. Pada perkembangannya, polemik ini berimplikasi pada lahirnya kesepakatan mulia berupa Pancasila, di mana negara didasarkan salah satunya pada “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”. Dalam isi atau batang tubuh Konstitusi, kesepakatan semacam ini menimbulkan implikasi turunannya berupa pengakuan negara terhadap eksistensi agama tertentu; perlakuan secara sama terhadap semua agama yang diakui; pemberian jaminan kebebasan penduduk untuk memeluk dan menjalankan ajaran agama; pengakuan dan penghormatan hak asasi yang mempertimbangkan nilai-nilai agama; dan pengembangan pendidikan nasional yang berbasis dan berorientasi pada peningkatan aspek spiritual keagamaan.
Plant Health Protocols for the Reintroduction of Native Plants
Authors: Frachon Natacha 
Published: December 2020

Many botanic gardens and conservation agencies are now cultivating threatened native species specifically for reintroduction programmes in response to the second part of Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). While collection, cultivation and reintroduction techniques are frequently discussed in workshops and described in papers, few seem to have considered the threats of introducing non-native pests, diseases, weeds and hybrids between different populations of the same species. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh has been cultivating plants for its Target 8 programme since 2005 and now grows 82 per cent threatened Scottish species. It is running active reintroduction programmes for nine of these species with programmes planned for a further five species. In recent years increasing attention has been paid to reducing the risks of introducing non-native organisms and hybrids between different populations of native species into the wild.This paper describes the protocols that have been developed, including verification, screening for pests and diseases, averting spontaneous hybridisation and preparing plants for reintroduction.
Hydrological and planting design of an experimental raingarden at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Authors: Kelly David , Wilson Kirsty , Kalaichelvam Aravindan , Knott David 
Published: December 2020

A new experimental raingarden has been created at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) to help cope with the impacts of more frequent and intense rainfall events. Raingardens offer a sustainable, nature-based solution to flood mitigation by mimicking natural rainwater retention and infiltration characteristics within a constructed bioretention system. By incorporating specially selected plants that can withstand both very wet and very dry conditions, raingardens also provide enhanced biodiversity capacity.

This paper reports on the hydrological design of the raingarden, which is aimed at reducing the occurrence of waterlogging and localised flooding within RBGE, before discussing the selection and cultivation of the planting. It is hoped that the mix of plants chosen will encourage a great diversity of wildlife, providing nectar sources for insects and bees in summer, and homes for invertebrates and food for seed-eating birds in winter. With the raingarden having been in place for over a year at the time of writing, reflections on its maintenance and
upkeep during that time and performance assessment for significant storm events will also be discussed.