bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervening to prevent a suicide in a public place: a qualitative study of effective interventions by lay people
Authors: Owens Christabel , Derges Jane , Abraham Charles 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesMany suicides take place in public locations, usually involving jumping from high places or use of transport networks. Previous research has largely focused on the effectiveness of physical barriers at frequently used locations. There have been no studies of human intervention to prevent suicides in public places. The aim of this study was to identify the core components of an effective intervention by a member of the public.Design and methodsWe conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with people who have either been prevented by a stranger from taking their own life in a public location (n=12) or intervened to prevent a stranger from taking their own life in a public location (n=21). Collectively, the two groups narrated 50 incidents of suicide rescue. We analysed interview transcripts using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsSuicidal people typically displayed no visible distress, describing themselves as being dissociated or ‘in a bubble’. Intervention was seen to involve three main tasks: ‘bursting the bubble’ (reconnecting with self, others and everyday world); moving to a safer location, and summoning help. We show how interveners accomplished these tasks in a range of ways, using both verbal and non-verbal communication and different degrees of restraint.ConclusionsThis is the first empirical study to examine the role of passing strangers in preventing suicides in public places. It shows that no specialist skills are needed. Interveners were ordinary people, distinguished only by a high level of social awareness, combined with a readiness for social action. The findings also suggest that people do not need a script and should not be afraid of saying ‘the wrong thing.’ What interveners said was much less important than how they made the suicidal person feel, namely safe, connected and validated (‘I matter’). Interveners did this simply by being themselves, responding with authenticity, calmness and compassion. Members of the public need to be encouraged to recognise and reach out to those who may be at risk of suicide in public locations, but should be prepared for a prolonged and intense encounter that may leave them with troubling emotions.
External Force Observer for Small- and Medium-Sized Humanoid Robots
Authors: Hawley Louis , Rahem Rémy , Suleiman Wael 
Published: November 2019

External force observer for humanoid robots has been widely studied in the literature. However, most of the proposed approaches generally rely on information from six-axis force/torque sensors, which the small or medium-sized humanoid robots usually do not have. As a result, those approaches cannot be applied to this category of humanoid robots, which are widely used nowadays in education or research. In this paper, we propose a Kalman filter-based observer to estimate the three components of an external force applied in any direction and at an arbitrary point of the robot’s structure. The observer is simple to implement and can easily run in real time using the embedded processor of a small or medium-sized humanoid robot such as Nao or Darwin-OP. Moreover, the observer does not require any changes to the robot’s hardware, as it only uses measurements from the available force-sensing resistors (FSR) inserted under the feet of the humanoid robot and from the robot’s inertial measurement unit (IMU). The proposed observer was extensively validated on a Nao humanoid robot in both cases of standing still or walking while an external force was applied to the robot. In the conducted experiments, the observer successfully estimated the external force within a reasonable margin of error. Moreover, the experimental data and the MATLAB and C++/ROS implementations of the proposed observer are available as an open source package. https://goo.gl/VkhejY.
Automated Selection and Quality Assessment of Primary Studies
Authors: Shakeel Yusra , Krüger Jacob , Nostitz-Wallwitz Ivonne Von , Saake Gunter , Leich Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Researchers use systematic literature reviews (SLRs) to synthesize existing evidence regarding a research topic. While being an important means to condense knowledge, conducting an SLR requires a large amount of time and effort. Consequently, researchers have proposed semi-automatic techniques to support different stages of the review process. Two of the most time-consuming tasks are (1) to select primary studies and (2) to assess their quality. In this article, we report an SLR in which we identify, discuss, and synthesize existing techniques of the software-engineering domain that aim to semi-automate these two tasks. Instead of solely providing statistics, we discuss these techniques in detail and compare them, aiming to improve our understanding of supported and unsupported activities. To this end, we identified eight primary studies that report unique techniques that have been published between 2007 and 2016. Most of these techniques rely on text mining and can be beneficial for researchers, but an independent validation using real SLRs is missing for most of them. Moreover, the results indicate the necessity of developing more reliable techniques, providing access to their implementations, and extending their scope to further activities to facilitate the selection and quality assessment of primary studies.
USP22 Functions as an Oncogenic Driver in Prostate Cancer by Regulating Cell Proliferation and DNA Repair
Authors: McCann Jennifer J. , Vasilevskaya Irina A. , Poudel Neupane Neermala , Shafi Ayesha A. , McNair Christopher , Dylgjeri Emanuela , Mandigo Amy C. , Schiewer Matthew J. , Schrecengost Randy S. , Gallagher Peter , Stanek Timothy J. , McMahon Steven B. , Berman-Booty Lisa D. , Ostrander William F. , Knudsen Karen E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Emerging evidence indicates the deubiquitinase USP22 regulates transcriptional activation and modification of target substrates to promote pro-oncogenic phenotypes. Here, in vivo characterization of tumor-associated USP22 upregulation and unbiased interrogation of USP22-regulated functions in vitro demonstrated critical roles for USP22 in prostate cancer. Specifically, clinical datasets validated that USP22 expression is elevated in prostate cancer, and a novel murine model demonstrated a hyperproliferative phenotype with prostate-specific USP22 overexpression. Accordingly, upon overexpression or depletion of USP22, enrichment of cell-cycle and DNA repair pathways was observed in the USP22-sensitive transcriptome and ubiquitylome using prostate cancer models of clinical relevance. Depletion of USP22 sensitized cells to genotoxic insult, and the role of USP22 in response to genotoxic insult was further confirmed using mouse adult fibroblasts from the novel murine model of USP22 expression. As it was hypothesized that USP22 deubiquitylates target substrates to promote protumorigenic phenotypes, analysis of the USP22-sensitive ubiquitylome identified the nucleotide excision repair protein, XPC, as a critical mediator of the USP22-mediated response to genotoxic insult. Thus, XPC undergoes deubiquitylation as a result of USP22 function and promotes USP22-mediated survival to DNA damage. Combined, these findings reveal unexpected functions of USP22 as a driver of protumorigenic phenotypes and have significant implications for the role of USP22 in therapeutic outcomes.

Significance:
The studies herein present a novel mouse model of tumor-associated USP22 overexpression and implicate USP22 in modulation of cellular survival and DNA repair, in part through regulation of XPC.
A Systematic Review of Repeat Fecal Occult Blood Tests for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Murphy Caitlin C. , Sen Ahana , Watson Bianca , Gupta Samir , Mayo Helen , Singal Amit G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Screening with fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) reduces colorectal cancer mortality. Failure to complete repeat tests may compromise screening effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review of repeat FOBT across diverse health care settings. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published from 1997 to 2017 and reported repeat FOBT over ≥2 screening rounds. Studies (n = 27 reported in 35 articles) measured repeat FOBT as (i) proportion of Round 1 participants completing repeat FOBT in Round 2; (ii) proportion completing two, consecutive FOBT; or (iii) proportion completing ≥3 rounds. Among those who completed FOBT in Round 1, 24.6% to 89.6% completed repeat FOBT in Round 2 [median: 82.0%; interquartile range (IQR): 73.7%–84.6%]. The proportion completing FOBT in two rounds ranged from 16.4% to 80.0% (median: 46.6%; IQR: 40.5%–50.0%), and in studies examining ≥3 rounds, repeat FOBT ranged from 0.8% to 64.1% (median: 39.2%; IQR: 19.7%–49.4%). Repeat FOBT appeared higher in mailed outreach (69.1%–89.6%) compared with opportunistic screening (24.6%–48.6%). Few studies examined correlates of repeat FOBT. In summary, we observed a wide prevalence of repeat FOBT, and prevalence generally declined in successive screening rounds. Interventions that increase and maintain participation in FOBT are needed to optimize effectiveness of this screening strategy.
Quantitative Assessment of Breast Density: Transmission Ultrasound is Comparable to Mammography with Tomosynthesis
Authors: Natesan Rajni , Wiskin James , Lee Sanghyeb , Malik Bilal H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Elevated breast density is among the strongest independent predictors of breast cancer. Breast density scores are critical inputs in models used to calculate a patient's lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Today, the only FDA-cleared technology for assessing breast density uses mammography. An alternative modality for breast density quantification is 3D transmission ultrasound (TU). In this retrospective study, we compared automated breast density calculations derived from TU using quantitative breast density (QBD) and mammography with tomosynthesis using VolparaDensity 3.1 for 225 breasts. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and intraclass correlation coefficients were compared. Subset analyses of extremely dense breasts, premenopausal, and postmenopausal breasts were also performed. Comparative analysis between radiologist-derived density assessment and objective automated scores was performed. Calculations from TU and mammography with tomosynthesis for breast density, total breast volume (TBV), and fibroglandular volume (FGV) were strongly correlated (r = 0.91, 0.92, and 0.67, respectively). We observed moderate absolute agreement for FGV and breast density, and strong absolute agreement for TBV. A subset of 56 extremely dense breasts showed similar trends, however with lower breast density agreement in the subset than in the full study. No significant difference existed in density correlation between premenopausal and postmenopausal breasts across modalities. QBD calculations from TU were strongly correlated with breast density scores from VolparaDensity. TU systematically measured higher FGV and breast density compared with mammography, and the difference increased with breast density.

Impact:
TU of the breast can accurately quantify breast density comparable with mammography with tomosynthesis.
Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components with Decreased Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adults
Authors: Qiu Yun , Zhao Qi , Gu Yian , Wang Na , Yu Yuting , Wang Ruiping , Zhang Yue , Zhu Meiying , Liu Xing , Jiang Yonggen , Zhao Genming 
Published: November 2019

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its metabolic components, the common risk factors, may be involved in the development and progression of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The aim of this study was to examine the association of MetS and its metabolic components with eGFR status and severity among Chinese adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The population-based, cross-sectional study recruited a total of 33,300 Chinese adults (aged ≥18 years) from 4 study community sites in Songjiang District, Shanghai, between June 2016 and December 2017. Decreased eGFR was defined as a value of eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Weighted multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of MetS and its components with eGFR status and severity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with MetS had an increased risk of decreased eGFR with an adjusted OR of 1.76 (95% CI 1.53–2.01), and subjects with increasing numbers of MetS components had a gradually increased risk for decreased eGFR (<i>p</i> trend &#x3c;0.001). The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CI) of decreased eGFR were 1.66 (1.44–1.93) for abdominal obesity, 1.37 (1.18–1.60) for elevated triglycerides, 1.13 (0.96–1.33) for reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 0.84 (0.72–0.98) for elevated fasting glucose, and 1.92 (1.57–2.35) for elevated blood pressure (BP). Furthermore, these associations remained in most of the subgroups analyses. Significant associations between elevated BP and the risks of mildly, moderately, and severely decreased eGFR were also found. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> MetS was independently associated with an increased risk of decreased eGFR, and individual components of MetS each play a different role in decreased eGFR. Elevated BP may be an important risk factor for the progression of renal dysfunction or even chronic kidney disease.
Combined dynamic DCE-MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer
Authors: Feng Yusen , Liu Hui , Ding Yingying , Zhang Ya , Liao Chengde , Jin Yan , Ai Conghui 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To prospectively investigate changes in quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with cervical cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Methods: Thirty-eight patients with cervical cancer underwent DCE-MRI and DWI 1 week before and 4 weeks after NACT. The patients were classified into 2 groups: significant reaction (sCR) group and the non-sCR group. DCE-MRI parameters and ADC values were measured and compared between the 2 groups. Results: Before NACT, the mean Ktrans value was higher, but the mean Ve was lower, in the sCR group compared with the non-sCR group; these differences were statistically significant ( p<0.05). After NACT, the mean Ktrans value and the delta (i.e., changed) value of Ktrans were significantly lower in the sCR group compared with the non-sCR group ( p<0.05). However, the mean ADC and the delta value of the mean ADC between the 2 groups were slightly higher in the sCR group compared with the non-sCR group ( p<0.05). The area under the curve of pre-mean Ktrans, DKtrans, and pre-mean Ktrans combined with post-mean ADC values were 0.801, 0.955, and 0.878, respectively ( p<0.05). The optimal cutoff values for distinguishing sCR from non-sCR were pretreatment Ktrans (0.7020 min−1) and DKtrans (0.0437 min−1). Conclusions: Quantitative parameters (pre-mean Ktrans, DKtrans, and pre-mean Ktrans) combined with post-mean ADC could predict treatment efficacy more precisely. However, quantitative DCE-MRI combined with DWI could not significantly improve prognostic efficacy.
The effect of an mHealth intervention for titration of insulin for type 2 diabetes: A pilot study
Authors: Bramwell Siân E , Meyerowitz-Katz Gideon , Ferguson Caleb , Jayaballa Rajini , McLean Mark , Maberly Glen 
Published: November 2019

Background: Stabilising blood glucose levels (BGL) after starting or changing insulin and related therapies can be challenging for diabetes services and the patient with type 2 diabetes. Traditionally, a credentialled diabetes educator (CDE) would talk with the patient over the phone to obtain a history of their BGLs over the previous week and provide advice on the insulin dose adjustments as required. This study trialled a smartphone application for sharing BGLs, with the ability to digitally transmit advice back to patients compared with their usual care. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare desirability, efficiency and ease of use. Methods: Participants were enrolled in either the traditional ( n=50) or Health2Sync (H2S) ( n=42) treatment group by patient preference. All insulin stabilisations were conducted by the CDE. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: The average total time taken to titrate patients was similar in both groups ( p>0.05), however there were fewer failure of contacts reported with H2S ( p<0.01) and time per interaction was also lower ( p<0.01). Sensitivity analysis revealed that, excluding the influence of no contacts, H2S patients had a lower average time for titration ( p<0.01). There was no difference in clinical outcomes as measured by HbA1c between the two groups ( p=0.75). Conclusion: We demonstrated a high acceptance and clinical utility of the H2S application. Clinicians were happy to use H2S and found it easy and convenient for most patients. Importantly, this reduced frequency of contacts with patients, time per interaction and average time for titration ( p<0.01). Patient selection for this communication intervention is important.
RNA‐sequencing analysis of gene expression in a rat model of acute right heart failure
Authors: Cao Yunshan , Li Yahong , Wu Mianmian , Song Jiyang , Zhang Min , Duan Yichao , Jiang Kaiyu , Zhou Xing , Zhang Yan 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAcute right heart failure (RHF) is the main cause of death in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and emergent pulmonary hypertension. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the acute RHF and the interactions between the right (RV) and left ventricles (LVs) under the diseased condition remain unknown.Methods and resultsThe Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the normal control, sham, and pulmonary artery banding (PAB) groups. One hour after the PAB operation, after measuring the haemodynamic and anatomical parameters, the free walls of RV and LV were harvested to detect the differential gene expression profiling by high‐throughput RNA sequencing. The results showed that the PAB lead to 50–60% obstruction of the main pulmonary artery, which was accompanied by the significant elevation in the positive rate of rise in RV pressure and the maximum RV pressure as compared to the sham group. Moreover, compared with the counterparts in the sham group, the RV and LV in the PAB group exhibited 2057 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 1159 upregulated and 898 downregulated) and 1196 DEGs (709 upregulated and 487 downregulated), respectively (DEG criteria: |log2 fold change| ≥1, q value ≤0.05). In comparison to the sham group, the enriched pathways in the PAB group include nuclear factor‐κB signalling pathway, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, and nucleotide oligomerization domain‐like receptor signalling pathway.ConclusionsThe PAB rat model exhibited the haemodynamic and gene expression changes in the RV that lead to acute RHF. Further, the acute RHF induced by pressure overload also caused gene expression changes in the LV, suggesting the molecular interactions between the RV and LV under the diseased condition.
Results of Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Recreational Athletes and Laborers: A Retrospective Study With 5 to 14 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Komnos George A. , Banios Konstantinos , Liantsis Athanasios , Alexiou Konstantinos , Varitimidis Sokratis , Bareka Metaxia , Hantes Michael E. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Arthroscopic Bankart repair is the most common procedure for anterior shoulder instability management. However, the long-term efficacy of the procedure is questionable, and the results are different among different populations. Few studies have focused on specific populations, such as recreational athletes and laborers. Hypothesis: Good to excellent long-term results, with a low recurrence rate, can be achieved using arthroscopic Bankart repair in recreational athletes and laborers suffering from anterior shoulder instability. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A specific group of laborers and recreational athletes were included in this study. A total of 52 patients (52 shoulders) with anterior-inferior traumatic shoulder instability underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair and met our strict criteria for study inclusion. The recurrence rate was recorded. Patients were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of 5 years using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Rowe score, the Constant score, and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. A radiological evaluation for arthritis was also performed according to the Samilson-Prieto classification. Results: The mean follow-up was 105.4 months (range, 65-164 months). Our overall recurrence rate was 11.5% (6/52 patients). All patients were able to return to their previous job status with minimum limitations, and 76.7% of our study population reported returning to their preinjury sporting activities. Postoperatively, all scores were improved, with statistically significant increases from preoperative values ( P < .001). At the last radiographic follow-up, 9 patients (18.8%) had mild arthritis, while 2 patients (4.2%) had moderate arthritis. Conclusion: Arthroscopic soft tissue Bankart repair may provide good to excellent long-term clinical results with an acceptable recurrence rate in medium-demand patients (recreational athletes and laborers).
A Multicenter Study of Pediatric Macular Holes: Surgical Outcomes With Microincisional Vitrectomy Surgery
Authors: Kothari Nikisha , Read Sarah P. , Baumal Caroline R. , Capone Antonio , Chang Emmanuel , Drenser Kimberly A. , Ferrone Philip J. , Nudleman Eric , Rao Prethy , Sisk Robert A. , Smiddy William E. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Berrocal Audina 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: Pediatric macular holes occur often related to trauma and rarely require surgical intervention. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate outcomes of microincisional vitrectomy surgery. Methods: A multicenter retrospective consecutive case series was conducted of pediatric patients undergoing surgery for macular hole repair. Results: A total of 31 eyes from 8 centers were included in this study. The mechanism of macular hole development was blunt trauma in 30 eyes (97%) and industrial laser in 1 eye (3%). The rate of anatomic closure after primary vitrectomy was 81% (25 eyes); the final anatomic closure rate after a secondary vitrectomy was 94% (29 eyes). There was a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity from initial presentation (20/164) to final follow-up (20/100) ( P = .009). Conclusions: Microincisional vitrectomy surgery for pediatric macular holes results in substantial anatomic success and modest improvement in visual acuity.