bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do I Know Ω? An Axiomatic Model of Awareness and Knowledge
Authors: Pires Cesaltina Pacheco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn modeling game and decision theory situations, it has been usual to start by considering Ω, the set of conceivable states of the world. I wish to propose a more fundamental view. I do not assume that the agent knows Ω. Instead the agent is assumed to derive for herself a representation of the universe. Given her knowledge and her ability to reason about it the agent deduces a set of conceivable states of the world and a set of possible states of the world. The epistemic model considered in this paper uses a propositional framework. The model distinguishes between the knowledge of the existence of a proposition, which I call awareness, and the knowledge of the truth or the falsity of the proposition. Depending upon whether one assumes that the agent is aware or not of all the propositions, she will or will not have a “complete model” of the world. When the agent is not aware of all the propositions, the states of the world and the possibility correspondence imaginable by her are coarser than the modeler's. The agent has an incomplete knowledge of both the states of the world and the information structure. In addition, I extend the model with “incompleteness” to a dynamic setting. Under the assumption that the agent's knowledge is non-decreasing over time, I show that the set of states of the world conceivable by the agent and her possibility correspondence get finer over time.
MiR-489-3p inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis, by targeting the BDNF-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in glioblastoma
Authors: Zheng Bo , Chen Tao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong astrocyte tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant glioma, highly aggressive and invasive, with extremely poor prognosis. Previous research has reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the progression of many cancers. Thus, this study aimed to explore the role and the underlying mechanisms of microRNA (miR)-489-3p in GBM progression. The expression of miR-489-3p and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis was used to detect BDNF protein and the PI3K/AKT pathway-related protein. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were analyzed using CKK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between BDNF and miR-489-3p was explored by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. MiR-489-3p was down-regulated and BDNF was up-regulated in GBM tissues and cells. MiR-489-3p re-expression or BDNF knockdown inhibited GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. BDNF was a target of miR-489-3p, and BDNF up-regulation reversed the effects of miR-489-3p on GBM cells. The protein levels of p-AKT and p-PI3K were notably reduced in GBM cells by overexpression of miR-489-3p, but were rescued following BDNF up-regulation. Therefore, miR-489-3p inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis, by targeting the BDNF-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in GBM, providing new strategies for clinical treatment of GBM.
Exact time of venous blood sample collection – an unresolved issue, on behalf of the European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE)
Authors: von Meyer Alexander , Lippi Giuseppe , Simundic Ana-Maria , Cadamuro Janne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
An accurate knowledge of blood collection times is crucial for verifying the stability of laboratory analytes. We therefore aimed to (i) assess if and how this information is collected throughout Europe and (ii) provide a list of potentially available solutions.

Methods
A survey was issued by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group on Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) in 2017, aiming to collect data on preanalytical process management, including sampling time documentation, in European laboratories. A preceding pilot survey was disseminated in Austria in 2016. Additionally, preanalytical experts were surveyed on their local setting on this topic. Finally, the current scientific literature was reviewed on established possibilities of sampling time collection.

Results
A total number of 85 responses was collected from the pilot survey, whilst 1347 responses from 37 European countries were obtained from the final survey. A minority (i.e. ~13%) of responders to the latter declared they are unaware of the exact sampling time. The corresponding rate in Austria was ~70% in the pilot and ~30% in the final survey, respectively. Answers from 17 preanalytical experts from 16 countries revealed that sampling time collection seems to be better documented for out- than for in-patients. Eight different solutions for sample time documentation are presented.

Conclusions
The sample collection time seems to be documented very heterogeneously across Europe, or not at all. Here we provide some solutions to this issue and believe that laboratories should urgently aim to implement one of these.
Study on the interaction between catechin and cholesterol by the density functional theory
Authors: Zheng Kaiwen , Guo Kai , Xu Jing , Liu Wei , Chen Junlang , Xu Can , Chen Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCatechin – a natural polyphenol substance – has excellent antioxidant properties for the treatment of diseases, especially for cholesterol lowering. Catechin can reduce cholesterol content in micelles by forming insoluble precipitation with cholesterol, thereby reducing the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine. In this study, to better understand the molecular mechanism of catechin and cholesterol, we studied the interaction between typical catechins and cholesterol by the density functional theory. Results show that the adsorption energies between the four catechins and cholesterol are obviously stronger than that of cholesterol themselves, indicating that catechin has an advantage in reducing cholesterol micelle formation. Moreover, it is found that the molecular interactions of the complexes are mainly due to charge transfer of the aromatic rings of the catechins as well as the hydrogen bond interactions. Unlike the intuitive understanding of a complex formed by hydrogen bond interaction, which is positively correlated with the number of hydrogen bonds, the most stable complexes (epicatechin–cholesterol or epigallocatechin–cholesterol) have only one but stronger hydrogen bond, due to charge transfer of the aromatic rings of catechins.
Investigation of polyphenol profile, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Aconogonon alpinum (All.) Schur roots
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zakryya , Shabbir Muhammad Imran , Saqib Zafeer , Gilani Syed Aneel , Jogezai Naqeeb Ullah , Kiyani Mubin Mustafa , Malik Muhammad Arshad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiver plays vital role in detoxification of exogenous and endogenous chemicals. These chemicals as well as oxidative stress may cause liver disorders. This study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of various fractions of Aconogonon alpinum methanolic extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in mice. First, hepatoprotective potential of various fractions of A. alpinum was assessed and then antioxidant activity and profiling of polyphenolic compounds were assessed. A total of 78 male albino mice (BALB/c) were randomly divided into 13 groups (n = 6); Group I (normal control), Group II (CCl4 only), Group III (CCl4 + silymarin 100 mg/kg) and Groups IV–XIII (CCl4 + various fractions [200 and 400 mg/kg]). Hepatic biochemistry and liver injury were assessed by analysis of serum levels of hepatic enzymes and histopathological analysis, respectively. Results showed that polar fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions) exhibited highly significant (P < 0.01) reduction in increased level of liver biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner with consistent histopathological findings. Likewise, these fractions revealed strong antioxidant potential and polyphenolic compound contents. In conclusion, the present work has revealed promising antioxidant activity, polyphenolic profiling and potential hepatoprotective efficacy. Thus, the significant results unveil the study as a step forward towards evidence-based phytomedicine.
LaCoO3 perovskite-type catalysts in syngas conversion
Authors: Jetpisbayeva Gulim Danebaevna , Dokuchits Eugene Vladimirovich , Tafilevich Angelina Nikolaevna , Minyukova Tatyana Petrovna , Massalimova Bakytgul Kabykenovna , Sadykov Vladislav Aleksandrovich 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLaCoO3 samples were obtained by the hydrothermal and citrate methods. The dynamics of the phase transformations of the initial hydroxo compounds into the oxide state and the subsequent reduction in a hydrogen-containing mixture were studied by the differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction methods. The results of the catalytic tests in the syngas conversion showed that the path of conversion depends on the phase composition of the catalyst in the oxide state. In contrast to the standard CoAl sample, alcohols prevail in the liquid products formed on LaCoO3 catalysts.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion: a review of the studies conducted on buried pipelines
Authors: Spark Amy , Wang Kai , Cole Ivan , Law David , Ward Liam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBuried pipelines are essential for the delivery of potable water around the world. A key cause of leaks and bursts in these pipelines, particularly those fabricated from carbon steel, is the accelerated localized corrosion due to the influence of microbes in soil. Here, studies conducted on soil corrosion of pipelines' external surface both in the field and the laboratory are reviewed with a focus on scientific approaches, particularly the techniques used to determine the action and contribution of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). The review encompasses water pipeline studies, as well as oil and gas pipeline studies with similar corrosion mechanisms but significantly higher risks of failure. Significant insight into how MIC progresses in soil has been obtained. However, several limitations to the current breadth of studies are raised. Suggestions based on techniques from other fields of work are made for future research, including the need for a more systematic methodology for such studies.
Numerical Simulation of Laser Welding Dissimilar Low Carbon and Austenitic Steel Joint
Authors: Danielewski Hubert , Skrzypczyk Andrzej , Tofil Szymon , Witkowski Grzegorz , Rutkowski Sławomir 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Numerical simulation of laser welding dissimilar joint was presented. Results of butt joint for low carbon and austenitic steels are studied. Numerical calculations based on thermo-mechanical method and phase transformation were used for estimating weld dimensions and joint properties. Unconventional welding method where focused photons beam are used as a heat source were presented. Problems with welding of dissimilar joints, where different composition and thermo physical material properties affect on this phenomena complexity are solved using numerical methods and laser welding technology. Simulation of low carbon and stainless steel joints using SimufactWelding software are presented. Model of heat source within geometry and parameters was programmed. Laser beam welding simulation was performed for estimating parameters for complete joints penetration. Programming welding boundary condition and heat source geometry welding parameters with output power and welding speed rate was estimated. Materials used in simulation process and experimental welding was low carbon construction S235JR and stainless 316L steels in sheets form. Joint properties such as fusion zone and heat affected zones dimensions and stress-strain distribution were calculated. Estimation of complete joint characteristics was obtained using thermo-mechanical simulation method and Marc solver engine.. Experimental trial butt joint welding were performed based on estimated parameters. Welding process was performed using 6kW CO2 laser system. Based on numerical simulation, microstructure analysis, hardness distribution and chemical distribution of fusion zone, properties of obtained joint was studied. Model for simulation of dissimilar laser welding joint was obtained, and properties of obtained joint based on simulation and experiment was studied.
Prospects of Blockchain in Contract and Property
Authors: Arruñada Benito 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecurrent difficulties are delaying what for the time being are still modest applications of blockchain. This paper identifies what value this new technology adds to the contractual and property processes, exploring its potential and analyzing the main difficulties it is facing. Paying particular attention to the distinction between contract (personal or in personam) rights and property (real or in rem) rights, it first examines the difficulties for trading contract rights through blockchain-based applications, mainly those to complete contracts ex ante without relying on third-party enforcers. Second, it explores the difficulties faced by blockchain to enable trade in property rights.
Prevalence and correlates of muscle-enhancing behaviors among adolescents and young adults in the United States
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Ganson Kyle T. , Griffiths Scott , Mitchison Deborah , Garber Andrea K. , Vittinghoff Eric , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Murray Stuart B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of muscle-enhancing behaviors in adolescents and young adults using a nationally representative sample in the USA and to examine differences by sex, race/ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and participation in team sports.

Methods
Prospective cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Waves I through III (1994–2002) were analyzed. Engagement in muscle-enhancing behaviors including dietary changes, exercise and weightlifting, supplement use, performance-enhancing substances, and anabolic androgenic steroids were recorded. Multiple logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations, incorporating robust standard errors with clustering by school and within persons, and using national sample weighting, were used to determine associations with muscle-enhancing behaviors across three data collection waves.

Results
Of the 18,924 adolescents at baseline, 29.2% of males and 7.0% of females reported weight gain attempts, while 25.2% of males and 3.8% of females reported any muscle-enhancing behavior. All muscle-enhancing behaviors were more common in males compared to females (p<0.001). Among young men 18–26 years old, 15.6% reported using legal performance enhancing substances and 2.7% reported using androgenic anabolic steroids. Factors that were associated with muscle-enhancing behaviors in males across three data collection waves included Black or Hispanic/Latino race/ethnicity, age over 14 years, higher parental education, lower body mass index, and participation in team sports.

Conclusions
Muscle-enhancing behaviors ranging from dietary changes to supplement and androgenic anabolic steroid use are common among adolescent and young adult males. Clinicians should consider screening for muscle-enhancing behaviors in these populations.
Usability von Browsererweiterungen zum Schutz vor Tracking
Authors: Hubert Marvin , Griesbaum Joachim , Womser-Hacker Christa 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Browsererweiterungen zum Schutz vor Tracking stellen beliebte Werkzeuge zum Schutz der Privatsphäre von Nutzerinnen und Nutzern dar. Ihre tatsächliche Effektivität ist in hohem Maße von ihrer Usability abhängig, da diese bestimmt, in welchem Ausmaß diese Werkzeuge effektiv, effizient und zufriedenstellend genutzt werden können. Die vorliegende Untersuchung prüft die Gebrauchstauglichkeit vier solcher Browsererweiterungen mit Hilfe von Benutzertests. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Add-ons auch heutzutage noch eine Vielzahl an Usability-Mängeln aufweisen. Kernprobleme stellen insbesondere die mangelnde Verständlichkeit und die fehlende Führung und Unterstützung der Nutzenden dar.
Datenexploration für Kryptowährungen
Authors: Sontheimer Lukas , Kölle Ralph , Mandl Thomas 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungKryptowährungen gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung und ihr Handel unterliegt großen Wertschwankungen. Erfolgreiche Händler müssen sich aus zahlreichen Quellen informieren und Daten analysieren. Wir präsentieren ein prototypisches System, das aus Twitter die Nachrichten zu Kryptowährungen filtert und anschließend in einer graphischen und interaktiven Oberfläche darstellt. Der Beitrag zeigt beispielhaft, wie mit der offenen ElasticSearch Technologie eine Datenvisualisierung entwickelt werden kann. Zwei Interviews mit Domänenexperten weisen auf Schwächen und Stärken des Systems hin.
Bayesian Estimation of the Functional Spatial Lag Model
Authors: Aw Alassane , Cabral Emmanuel Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The spatial lag model (SLM) has been widely studied in the literature for spatialised data modeling in various disciplines such as geography, economics, demography, regional sciences, etc. This is an extension of the classical linear model that takes into account the proximity of spatial units in modeling. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian estimation of the functional spatial lag (FSLM) model. The Bayesian MCMC technique is used as a method of estimation for the parameters of the model. A simulation study is conducted in order to compare the results of the Bayesian functional spatial lag model with the functional spatial lag model and the functional linear model. As an illustration, the proposed Bayesian functional spatial lag model is used to establish a relationship between the unemployment rate and the curves of illiteracy rate observed in the 45 departments of Senegal.
On the Historical Value of 2 Maccabees
Authors: Parker Victor 
Published: June 2020

Summary2 Maccabees provides solid historical information concerning the activities of Antiochus IV in Egypt and Palestine in the 160s B.C. This information both supplements and partially corrects the corresponding account in 1 Maccabees. Since the Jews in Palestine used the so-called Babylonian Seleucid Era (instead of the Macedonian Seleucid Era as Klaus Bringmann has argued), the presentation of events in 1 Maccabees becomes highly problematic at points, and it is once again 2 Maccabees which points the way toward a solution.
Die Geschichte des ‚Rauhen Kilikien‘ unter den Römern
Authors: Pilhofer Philipp 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungIn dieser landeskundlich-historisch ausgerichteten Abhandlung wird die Geschichte des ‚Rauhen Kilikien‘ unter den Römern untersucht. Das Rauhe Kilikien in seiner Gesamtheit stand bislang nur selten im Zentrum einer genaueren Analyse. Die geschichtlichen Daten sind möglichst quellennah unter Berücksichtigung der Sekundärliteratur erarbeitet; insbesondere wurde dabei der epigraphische Befund berücksichtigt.Einer einleitenden geographischen Abgrenzung folgt eine kurze Einführung in die Region. Das Rauhe Kilikien wurde länger als alle anderen kleinasiatischen Regionen von Klientelkönigen verwaltet, bis es unter Vespasian Teil der römischen Provinzordnung wurde. Anschließend erlebte das Rauhe Kilikien eine lange Phase der steten Entwicklung und Urbanisierung. Unter Diokletian wurde das Rauhe Kilikien Kernstück der neuen Provinz ‚Isauria‘.Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung liegt auf der Frage nach den ‚kilikischen Piraten‘ und, später, den ‚isaurischen Banditen‘.
Constitutional Court as Constitutional Complaint Institution: Evidence from Serbia
Authors: Polovchenko Konstantin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A noticeable increase in the scope of powers of the constitutional supervisory body of Serbia is directly related with a qualitative change in the status of the Constitutional Court. The purpose of the article is to analyse the competences of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia in protecting rights and freedoms as the most important area of its activity. The article presents a study of the increased powers of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia, the purpose of which is to protect rights and freedoms. The leading method in this study is the system analysis method, which allows us to assess the significance of the constitutional complaints institution in Serbia. Studying the current regulation of the competence of the Constitutional Court of Serbia, the author concludes that the significantly expanded competence of the Constitutional Court of Serbia fully reflects its status as a constitutional body representing the fourth judicial control authority in the state. It also ensures the supremacy of the Constitution and protects the foundations of the constitutional system of Serbia, including protection of rights and freedoms in the Republic of Serbia.
Crystal structure of aqua-(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)(((3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)glycine-κ2
N,O)copper(II) dihydrate, C18H20CuN4O9S
Authors: Chen Xiao-Miao , Liu Zheng-Jun , Zhao Rong-Fei , Cheng Jing-Song , Qin Lan , Long Zhang-Di 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
C18H20CuN4O9S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.4177(5) Å, b = 17.9018(5) Å, c = 7.4580(2) Å, β = 90.490(3)°, V = 2191.87(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0451, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0956, T = 153(2) K.
Misconceptions about neuroscience – prevalence and persistence of neuromyths in education
Authors: Grospietsch Finja , Mayer Jürgen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Brain-friendly learning is a new catchphrase in school and university instructional practice. However, it often escapes the notice of the teachers and learners involved that neurodidactics is not simply a plausible concept – it can also be a myth if applied incorrectly. Numerous international studies show that both pre-service and in-service teachers as well as university educators endorse misconceptions on the topic of learning and the brain and orient their didactic conception on so-called neuromyths. This paper presents nine neuromyths on the topic of learning and memory. Based on a review of the current research, we discuss what determines their emergence and prevalence, to what extent neuromyths pose a problem for practice, and why and how both neurodidactics and neuromyths should be made an object of university instruction.
Mitmenschlichkeit
Authors: Dalferth Ingolf U. 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz argumentiert, dass die entscheidende anthropologische Frage für die Theologie nicht die ist, was Menschen von allen übrigen Lebewesen unterscheidet, sondern was Menschen, die menschlich leben, von denen unterscheidet, die das nicht tun. Diese Frage weist über die gängige Alternative von Metaphysik und Moral ebenso hinaus wie über die zeitgenössischen Versuche, die Einsichten christlicher Theologie im Gespräch mit den Wissenschaften zur Geltung zu bringen. Das christliche Ideal der Humanität ist als Leitgedanke christlichen Lebens aus der konkreten Lebenspraxis und Lebensorientierung der Christen zu entfalten. Die Pointe dieser Lebensorientierung ist nicht die Ausrichtung an bestimmten Werten, sondern an Idealen des Göttlichen, des Weltlichen und des Menschlichen. Diese Ideale sind keine metaphysischen Prinzipien oder moralischen Werte, sondern kritische Orientierungsmaßstäbe christlicher Lebenspraxis, die sich als eine je spezifische Verknüpfung von Gottverstehen, Sichselbstverstehen und Weltverstehen analysieren lassen, die ihrerseits nur in kritischer Auseinandersetzung mit dem Gottverstehen, Sichselbstverstehen und Weltverstehen anderer entwickelt werden können.