bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nonproteinaceousFusariumcell wall extract triggers receptor‐like protein‐dependent immune responses in Arabidopsis and cotton
Authors: Babilonia Kevin , Wang Ping , Liu Zunyong , Jamieson Pierce , Mormile Brendan , Rodrigues Olivier , Zhang Lin , Lin Wenwei , Danmaigona Clement Catherine , Menezes de Moura Stéfanie , Alves‐Ferreira Marcio , Finlayson Scott A. , Loring Nichols Robert , Wheeler Terry A. , Dever Jane K. , Shan Libo , He Ping 
Published: December 2020

SummaryFusariumwilt caused by the ascomycete fungusFusarium oxysporumis a devastating disease of many economically important crops. The mechanisms underlying plant responses toF. oxysporuminfections remain largely unknown.We demonstrate here that a water‐soluble, heat‐resistant and nonproteinaceousF. oxysporumcell wall extract (FoCWE) component from multipleF. oxysporumisolates functions as a race‐nonspecific elicitor, also termed pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP). FoCWE triggers several demonstrated immune responses, including mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, ethylene production, and stomatal closure, in cotton and Arabidopsis.Pretreated FoCWE protects cotton seeds against infections by virulentF. oxysporumf. sp.vasinfectum(Fov), and Arabidopsis plants against the virulent bacterium,Pseudomonas syringae, suggesting the potential application of FoCWEs in crop protection. Host‐mediated responses to FoCWE do not appear to require LYKs/CERK1, BAK1 or SOBIR1, which are commonly involved in PAMP perception and/or signalling. However, FoCWE responses andFusariumresistance in cotton partially require two receptor‐like proteins, GhRLP20 and GhRLP31.Transcriptome analysis suggests that FoCWE preferentially activates cell wall‐mediated defence, andFovhas evolved virulence mechanisms to suppress FoCWE‐induced defence. These findings suggest that FoCWE is a classical PAMP that is potentially recognised by a novel pattern‐recognition receptor to regulate cotton resistance toFusariuminfections.
The labour of fun: masculinities and the organisation of labour games in a modern workplace
Authors: Wu Tongyu 
Published: December 2020

The U.S. tech industry has been going through a re‐shuffling of labour forces, which destabilises the previous masculine structure. Drawing on 11 months of ethnographic work and 46 interviews, this study finds that labour games have become a contested terrain where different groups of engineers promote their masculine selves. Brogrammers highlight their brogramming masculine habitus through initiating ‘pranking‐games’. Tech hobbyists embodied with video‐gaming habitus invest in the ‘number games’ through which they display their technological masculinity. Despite the divergent motives, two minority groups—coding peasants and female workers—choose to distance themselves from these labour games, which reinforce their marginalised status. These findings contribute to masculinity scholarship and the study of labour games by demonstrating how labour games organised on the engineering floor have become a crucial milieu for the construction of masculinities.
Combined antibiotic, steroid, and moisturizer for atopic dermatitis: A two‐year case series of patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Rajkumar Jeffrey , Jetter Nathan , Samuels Katy , Schwartz Alan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEczema treatments that target Staphylococcus aureus include topical mixtures of antimicrobial agent and corticosteroid diluted in a moisturizer base, previously described in the literature as compounded antibacterial, steroid, and moisturizer (CASM). There have been no placebo‐controlled blinded studies of CASM. Thus, patient‐reported outcome data may prove valuable.ObjectiveTo determine the patient‐reported clinical course of eczema treatment with CASM.MethodsLongitudinal case series between May 2016 and August 2018 of CASM patients/parents. Patients completed surveys including the POEM measure at start of treatment, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months thereafter. Response curves were fitted to severity measures over time and compared by patient age group; survival analysis was used to estimate time‐to‐clear status as a function of patient age and initial severity.ResultsA total of 2153 reports were received from 728 unique respondents with a median patient age of 7 and range of 0‐85. Response curves showed significant improvement over time leading to plateaus between 30 and 60 days of treatment. Overall mean improvement between start and day 90 for POEM was 14.3 (from 20.0 [95% CI 11.4‐28.8] to 5.7 [95% CI −3.2 to 14.8]). Improvement was seen in each age group.ConclusionsPatient‐reported outcomes suggest efficacy of CASM. There were large reductions in POEM scores, mostly in the first 30 days of treatment for all age groups.
Fair Play, Reciprocity, and Natural Duties of Justice
Authors: Klosko George 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I respond to what is currently the most significant criticism of the principle fair play as a basis for political obligations. In a series of cases in which obligations appear to be established by fair play, important scholars contend that the moral principle at work is not fair play but a natural duty of justice to provide essential benefits to other people. Such natural duty accounts strikingly ignore requirements of reciprocity, to make appropriate return for benefits received. In addition, careful examination of possible natural duty explanations of such cases indicates severe difficulties explaining exactly to whom the natural duties in question are owed and why they may require significant costs.
Quantitative Risk Assessment on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Vehicles Through Unidirectional Road Tunnels: An Evaluation of the Risk of Transporting Hydrogen
Authors: Caliendo Ciro , Genovese Gianluca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA quantitative risk analysis (QRA) concerning dangerous goods vehicles (DGVs), including also vehicles for the transport of liquid hydrogen (LH2TVs), running through unidirectional motorway tunnels was performed. An event tree was built, and a wide parametric analysis based on different geometric and traffic characteristics of tunnels was carried out. The effects of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) per lane, the tunnel length (L), the percentage both of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) and DGVs (for a given 7% of LH2TVs) were investigated. The results in terms of social risk, as expressed by F/N curves and the expected value (EV), show an increased risk level with the presence of the hydrogen transported, and with certain F/N curves that might also lie above the acceptability limit. This means that additional safety measures should be implemented in order to reduce the risk level or that, alternatively, appropriate strategies of traffic control systems should be taken. A statistical modeling for developing a predictive method of the EV is also performed. The outcomes show that the regression coefficients have the signs expected. In particular, the EV increases with the tunnel length (L), the AADT, and the percentage both of HGVs and DGVs. However, the magnitude of estimated coefficients indicates that the expected value EV increases more with the traffic (AADT per lane, HVGs, or DGVs) than the tunnel length. The application of the approximate method might help the Tunnel Management Agencies (TMAs) in making quick decisions, at a preliminary stage, about temporarily allowing, forbidding or limiting the circulation of DGVs and/or LH2TVs through tunnels; and subsequently investigating in greater depth the potential hazards due to the transport of hydrogen in the worst cases individualized.
The Neo‐populist Surge in Italy between Territorial and Traditional Cleavages*
Authors: Bazzoli Nico , Lello Elisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rise of neo‐populist parties in Western countries is a current issue in social sciences. Over the past two decades, and with increasing emphasis in recent years, a notable body of research has been preoccupied with explaining the complex relationship between populism and places. This paper fits in this literature and is aimed at verifying the role played by territorial inequalities and the urban‐rural divide on voting preferences in Italy. Through a detailed statistical analysis carried out at the municipal scale, we hereby compare recent trends in national (2013, 2018) and European (2019) Elections with socioeconomic and demographic data to shed light on the drivers of political change. In particular, we focus on the two main Italian parties labeled as populist: the Lega and the Movimento 5 Stelle. Analyses show that support for such parties is only partially related to rural areas, territorial inequalities, and place peripherality, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive explanation of the neo‐populist surge. Accordingly, we argue that besides demand‐side factors, other supply‐side ones should be considered, especially in Italy, where electoral behaviors are embedded in diverse local geopolitical histories that still play an important role in orienting voting.
Motivations for Social Interaction: The Case of Pokémon Go After the Fad Ended
Authors: Evans Jocelyn , Evans Sara Z. , Shank Daniel B. , Fallon Quinton P. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveWe survey Pokémon Go players regarding motivations/patterns of gameplay and sociability over time to understand human interaction in augmented game settings. We disentangle effects of solo versus social and past versus current gameplay through replication of the Pokémon Go Motive Scale.MethodsWe use OLS regression to determine how motivation affects hours of gameplay, to measure changes in hours spent playing Pokémon Go, and to capture perceptions of engagement with the game over time.ResultsWe find seven motivations: exercise, fun, escapism, nostalgia, friendship maintenance, relationship initiation, and achievement. Initiating new relationships leads to increased social playing time and increased perceptions of Pokémon Go as both interesting and challenging.ConclusionIntrinsic rewards hold the most staying power as a distinct motivation for gameplay. Implications go beyond Pokemon Go gaming to shed light on the differential impact of human motivation for social interaction in games that utilize augmented reality.
Epidemiology of multimorbidity among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Oladimeji Kelechi Elizabeth , Dzomba Armstrong , Adetokunboh Olatunji , Zungu Lindiwe , Yaya Sanni , Goon Daniel Ter 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa remains the epicentre of the HIV pandemic, yet enormous knowledge gaps still exist to elicit a comprehensive portrait of multimorbidity and HIV linkage. This study aims to conduct a systematic meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature to investigate the current status of multimorbidity epidemiology among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods and analysisOur review will assess observational studies (ie, cohort, case–control and cross-sectional) on multimorbidity associated with HIV/AIDS between 1 January 2005 and 31 October 2020 from sub-Saharan Africa. Databases to be searched include PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, African Index Medicus and African Journals Online. We will also search the WHO clinical trial registry and databases for systematic reviews. The search strategy will involve the use of medical subject headings and key terms to obtain studies on the phenomena of HIV and multimorbidity at high precision. Quality assessment of eligible studies will be ascertained using a validated quality assessment tool for observational studies and risk of bias through sensitivity analysis to identify publication bias. Further, data on characteristics of the study population, multimorbid conditions, epidemiological rates and spatial distribution of multimorbid conditions in PLHIV will be extracted. Heterogeneity of individual studies will be evaluated using the I2 statistic from combined effect size estimates. The statistical analysis will be performed using STATA statistical software V.15 and results will be graphically represented on a forest plot.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not applicable in this study as it is a systematic review of published literature. The review findings may also be presented at conferences or before other relevant stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020148668.
Barriers and facilitators to patient uptake and utilisation of digital interventions for the self-management of low back pain: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Svendsen Malene Jagd , Wood Karen Wood , Kyle John , Cooper Kay , Rasmussen Charlotte Diana Nørregaard , Sandal Louise Fleng , Stochkendahl Mette Jensen , Mair Frances S , Nicholl Barbara I 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesLow back pain (LBP) is a leading contributor to disability globally. Self-management is a core component of LBP management. We aimed to synthesise published qualitative literature concerning digital health interventions (DHIs) to support LBP self-management to: (1) determine engagement strategies, (2) identify barriers and facilitators affecting patient uptake/utilisation and (3) develop a preliminary conceptual model of barriers and facilitators to uptake/utilisation.DesignSystematic review following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, DoPHER, TRoPHI, Web of Science and OT Seeker, from January 2000 to December 2018, using the concepts: LBP, DHI and self-management.Eligibility criteriaPeer-reviewed qualitative study (or component) examining engagement with, or barriers and/or facilitators to the uptake/utilisation of an interactive DHI for self-management of LBP in adults (community, primary or secondary care settings).Data extraction and synthesisStandardised data extraction form was completed. COREQ (Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research) checklist was used to assess methodology. Data was synthesised narratively for engagement strategies, thematically for barriers/facilitators to uptake/utilisation and normalisation process theory was applied to produce a conceptual model.ResultsWe identified 14 191 citations, of which 105 full-text articles were screened, and five full-text articles from four studies included. These were from community and primary care contexts in Europe and the USA, and involved 56 adults with LBP and 19 healthcare professionals. There was a lack of consideration on how to sustain engagement with DHIs. Examination of barriers and facilitators for uptake/utilisation identified four major themes: IT (information technology) usability–accessibility; quality–quantity of content; tailoring–personalisation; and motivation–support. These themes informed the development of a preliminary conceptual model for uptake/utilisation of a DHI for LBP self-management.ConclusionsWe highlight key barriers and facilitators that should be considered when designing DHIs for LBP self-management. Our findings are in keeping with reviews of DHIs for other long-term conditions, implying these findings may not be condition specific.Systematic review registrationA protocol for this systematic review was registered with https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ (CRD42016051182) on 10 November 2016. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42016051182
Engaging practices and communities in the development of interventions to promote HPV vaccine uptake: a protocol for implementing Boot Camp Translation in the private practice setting
Authors: Brewer Sarah E , Simpson Matthew J , Rice John D , Skendaore Amanda , O'Leary Sean T 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionTheHealthy People 2020report states a goal of 80% uptake of recommended vaccines among adolescents, including the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. However, the rate of uptake of the HPV vaccine is estimated at 51% in 2018, which leaves young people vulnerable to morbidity and mortality from preventable, HPV-related cancers. Reasons for this are multifactorial and include factors at the level of the provider, primary care practice, patient and family, and community. The development of interventions that are responsive to these multifactorial barriers in real-world settings is a priority. Boot Camp Translation (BCT) is a community-engaged approach to message development for translating evidence-based practices into clinics and communities. This project aims to (1) Engage practices and communities in the development of interventions to promote HPV vaccine uptake and (2) Evaluate the impact of the BCT-designed intervention on practice-level HPV vaccine initiation rates. We hypothesise that the BCT-designed intervention will increase the rate of HPV vaccine initiation in the practices.Methods and analysisThis study will implement HPV-focused BCT in three counties in Colorado with a below average county-level vaccination rate. Each BCT group will design a multipronged intervention targeted at patients, parents, providers and the general community to then be disseminated in the participating practices and communities over the subsequent 6-month period. The long-term goal is to develop a replicable approach and low-cost method of increasing HPV vaccine uptake that is easily adaptable to different settings and sociodemographic contexts.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts and conference presentations, as well as within Colorado practice-based research networks.Trial registration numberNCT04279964
Maximum blood glucose levels during hospitalisation to predict mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qian Jun , Kuang Lijun , Che Lin , Chen Fei , Liu Xuebo 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe aim in this study was to stratify maximum blood glucose levels to identify the the best cut-off value of glucose levels to predict mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, regardless of whether they had diabetes.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingAll clinical data were obtained from the ‘Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III’ database.ParticipantsA total of 3078 patients with ACS were included in the study. We divided the patients into four levels based on their maximum blood glucose levels (glucosemax), then analysed the relationship between each group with mortality.ResultsAmong enrolled patients, 2780 and 298 were survivors and non-survivors, respectively. Blood glucose levels and mortality showed a ‘tick’ type relationship, with levels 3 and 4 found to be closely associated with increased hospital mortality (p<0.05), relative to level 1 (<6.1 mmol/L), used as the reference group. No significant association was observed in mortality between level 2 and level 1 (p=0.095). In addition, we found a gradual increase in OR for level 2 (OR: 2.42, 95% CI 0.86 to 6.80, p=0.095), level 3 (OR: 4.33, 95% CI 1.55 to 12.13, p=0.005) and level 4 (OR: 7.27, 95% CI 2.56 to 20.62, p<0.001), relative to level 1. Based on receiver operating characteristic curves, the optimal cut-off value for predicting mortality were 11.5 (area under curve (AUC)=0.724), 11.2 (AUC=0.729), 13.4 (AUC=0.638), 15.8 (AUC=0.717) and 11.3 mmol/L (AUC=0.764) in all ACS, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, diabetes and non-diabetes patients, respectively. The results of subgroup analysis suggested that in patients with significantly elevated blood glucose, the mortality of non-diabetes was higher than patients with diabetes (OR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.57, p<0.001).ConclusionOverall, glucosemax ≥11.5 mmol/L had a significant association with increased mortality in patients with ACS. Non-diabetes ACS patients need a more robust blood glucose management strategy compared with diabetes counterparts.
Use of infectious disease surveillance reports to monitor the Zika virus epidemic in Latin America and the Caribbean from 2015 to 2017: strengths and deficiencies
Authors: Morris Joan K , Dolk Helen , Durán Pablo , Orioli Ieda Maria 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo summarise the occurrence of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in Latin America and the Caribbean from 2015 to 2017 using two outcome measures derived from infectious disease surveillance reports and to assess the completeness of these reports.DesignSurveillance study.SettingPan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO epidemiology reports on confirmed and suspected Zika virus infection and cases of CZS.ParticipantsPopulations of 47 countries in the South and Central Americas, Mexico and the Caribbean.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe number of CZS cases per 1000 births (using 2016–2017 births as a denominator) and the number of CZS cases per 1000 births in women with Zika virus infection during pregnancy.ResultsBy 4 January 2018, 548623 suspected and 239063 confirmed Zika virus infections had been reported to PAHO/WHO from 47 countries. In 25 countries, over 80% of infections were reported as suspected. There were 3617 confirmed CZS cases in 25 countries; 2952 (82%) had occurred in Brazil. The number of CZS cases per 1000 births varied considerably with Brazil and several Caribbean island communities (Puerto Rico, St Martin, Martinique, Guadeloupe and Grenada) having the highest CZS prevalence above 0.5 per 1000 births. Analysing the number of CZS cases per 1000 births in women infected with Zika virus during their pregnancy highlighted the inaccuracies of the data, with Venezuela likely to have had severe under-reporting of CZS.ConclusionsExpressing data on CZS in relation to total births, rather than as absolute numbers, better illustrates the burden of disease, providing that under-reporting of CZS is not too severe. Data on infections in pregnant women enable potential under-reporting of CZS to be identified. Both measures are recommended for future PAHO/WHO publications. Evidence of severe under-reporting of Zika virus infections and CZS makes interpretation of the data and comparisons between countries challenging.