bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of processing technologies on insect meal digestibility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Mastoraki M. , Paudel K. , Biasato I. , Bellezza Oddon S. , Caimi C. , Gasco L. , Chatzifotis S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients and energy of three differently processed black soldier fly (BSF) meals in rainbow trout and European sea bass. The processing techniques included defatting with heat treatment followed by tricanter centrifugation, with or without an enzyme hydrolysis step, as well as microwave drying. In the experimental design, each processed BSF meal was mixed with a reference diet at a 30% inclusion level, using celite as an inert digestibility marker and fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout and European sea bass. For the European sea bass trial, an additional diet with full fat oven-dried BSF meal was also evaluated. In rainbow trout, all the processed insect meals exhibited high digestibility, with no significant differences among the BSF meals. All the amino acids were highly digestible, with ADCs ranging from 84.8% to 93.6% for the essential amino acids and from 78% to 93.2% for the non-essential ones without significant differences between treatments (). In European sea bass, while fat and energy digestibility was similar, protein digestibility was significantly higher in all the processed BSF meals when compared to the oven-dried meal (). Between the two full fat insect meals, microwave drying significantly improved dry matter and protein digestibility of BSF meal when compared to oven-drying ( and , respectively). No differences were observed in the digestibility of the two defatted insect meals (), thus suggesting that enzymatic hydrolysis did not affect their digestibility in either fish species. This study suggests that processing techniques such as defatting and microwave drying can enhance the nutritional quality and digestibility of BSF meals and offers insights for optimizing insect-based feeds in aquaculture.
Suffering, Islamic Consolation Literature and the Process of Meaning-Making
Authors: Chowdhury Safaruk Zaman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Human suffering is one of the most enduring realities that religious believers of all kinds continue to grapple with. Muslim thinkers too have pondered deeply over it, producing imaginative and novel ways to understand and explain this suffering. This article explores how theodicies – ways God’s justice and fairness are compatible with the existence of evil and suffering in the world – by themselves are not adequate to address suffering because of their theoretical nature. The proposal in this article is to adopt a meaning-making approach, one that allows the person suffering to construct meaning rather than have a theoretical solution imposed on them.
Causes of Differences in Depiction of Convective Lines in 1-km and 3-km CM1 Simulations
Authors: Luthi Samuel T. , Gallus William A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Previous research has shown that 3-km horizontal grid spacing simulations depicting clusters of cells often change to showing linear structures when grid spacing is refined to 1 km. This increase in linear structures at finer horizontal grid spacings may be due simply to the resolving of stronger vertical motion along the leading edge of the MCS cold pool resulting in more continuous zones of convection in higher-resolution runs. However, prior work has suggested that the cold pools themselves are stronger with finer grid spacing, enhancing lift to grow linear morphologies faster. In the present study, Cloud Model 1 was used to simulate an array of MCSs with varying wind profiles and a constant thermodynamic profile (Weisman–Klemp analytic sounding) at both 1- and 3-km horizontal grid spacings and with 50 and 100 vertical levels. A line of seven randomly spaced warm bubbles was used to initiate convection. In 1-km Δx simulations, gravity waves dominated in initiating new convection for growth into lines, and the ascent associated with them was much greater than in 3-km runs. Upscale growth into lines in 3-km Δx simulations was driven more by ascent caused by the collision of convective cold pools.
Closing the Distance: A Qualitative Study to Identify Equitable Innovations for Rural Thyroid Cancer Treatment
Authors: Huston-Paterson Hattie H. , Mao Yifan V. , Hughes Elena G. , Bobanga Iuliana , Wu James X. , Yeh Michael W. 
Published: December 2024

Background Patients residing in rural and frontier areas experience worse thyroid cancer outcomes than those in urban areas. This novel qualitative study sought the perspectives of rural surgeons to identify practical measures that could mitigate the disparities in thyroid cancer care between rural and urban contexts. Methods We contacted general and head and neck surgeons at all of California’s Critical Access Hospitals (n = 35), which are remote, rural hospitals, and requested self-referral to our study through the American College of Surgeons. We performed semi-structured qualitative interviews with surgeons at rural hospitals to understand the assets and vulnerabilities of rural hospitals in providing the highest quality care to patients with thyroid cancer. Responses were coded and analyzed using mixed-methods qualitative analysis methodology. Results Rural surgeons (n = 13) from a geographically diverse sample of states and regions (AK, AR, CA, NE, NC, NM, TX, UT, WY, and Newfoundland) participated. All initially trained in general surgery; 46% had fellowship training (15% in endocrine surgery) and performed a median of 8.5 thyroidectomies annually. Rural surgeons from all training backgrounds felt adequately trained to treat thyroid cancer and reported a strong desire to provide comprehensive thyroid cancer care. Most reported patients’ strong preference to be treated near home. Key challenges to local, comprehensive thyroid cancer care included limited or no access to medical endocrinology, lack of continuing education on thyroid cancer management, and professional isolation in decision-making. Interviewed rural surgeons identified connections with university health systems, expert colleagues, and telemedicine consultations as valuable assets in treating thyroid cancer in geographically isolated hospitals. Discussion This study identified key challenges and clear avenues for interventions in treating rural thyroid cancer patients. Interviewed rural surgeons specifically suggest improving access to endocrinology specialists, developing educational initiatives on thyroid cancer management, and fostering connections and collaborations with urban colleagues to reduce professional isolation.
Evaluation of the Impact of Enteral Nutrition Support on Anthropometric Measurements and Micronutrient Levels in Malnourished Children
Authors: Arsoy Hanife Ayşegül , Aghazada Günel , Demirtaş Zeliha , Sürsal Alihan , Paksoy Korkudur Maide Nur , Ozdener Fatih 
Published: December 2024

Background: Malnutrition is a critical clinical condition that requires early intervention due to its potential for causing preventable fatalities and complications. This study aims to assess the impact of outpatient enteral nutrition support (ENS) as a therapeutic intervention on anthropometric measurements, intolerance, and micronutrient values in malnourished children. Methods: This observational study included 344 patients in ages 1 to 18 treated with standard enteral nutrition (1.5 kcal/mL energy with fiber). Patient data recorded at admission, in 3 and 6 months, including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), intolerance symptoms, and micronutrient levels. Data were also compared by age groups (1-2, 3-5, 6-12, and 13-18 years of age). Results: Malnutrition was prevalent in the 1- to 5-year age group (63.6%). Age-based analysis showed significant height and BMI z-score improvement in all age groups ( P = .009 and P < .001, for all age groups, respectively), except the 13- to 18-year age group ( P = .102 and P = .091, respectively). Micronutrient values remained within healthy ranges with minimal fluctuations. The ENS was well tolerated by 62.5% of patients, and the most common intolerance symptoms were constipation (15.4%), vomiting (8.1%), and nausea (7.3%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that outpatient ENS therapy for 6 months significantly improved anthropometric measurements in malnourished children and was well tolerated. The 1 to 2 age group exhibited the most substantial response to treatment, whereas the 1 to 5 age group required at least 6 months of nutritional therapy to prevent stunting. However, the effect of ENS therapy on height and BMI z-scores in the 13 to 18 age group appeared insufficient after 3 months.
Regional Water and Food Security Require Joint Israeli-Palestinian Guidelines for Wastewater Reuse and Food Safety
Authors: Ben Mordechay Evyatar , Abdeen Ziad , Robeen Sobhi , Schwartz Snir , Abdeen Abdul Mohsen , Mordehay Vered , Troen Aron M. , Chefetz Benny , Tal Alon 
Published: December 2024

Background Water and food security in Israel and the Palestinian Authority are deeply interconnected due to the region's arid climate and water scarcity, shared water resources, and interrelated agricultural sectors. Therefore, jointly addressing water reuse is vital to supporting sustainable agricultural production and ensuring food safety. Objectives This paper examines the food safety implications of the cross-border trade of fresh fruits and vegetables between the Palestinian Authority and Israel, with an emphasis on the influence of, water technologies, agricultural practices, and environmental health. Methods This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing data to assess water irrigation quality, food safety, and water reuse regulations in the Palestinian Authority and Israel. Results Significant discrepancies in food safety, food quality, and exposure to contaminants from fresh produce result from different water reuse regulations, practices, and socioeconomic conditions. Given the volume of trade, consumer mobility, and environmental sustainability, coupled with geopolitical limitations between the Palestinian Authority and Israel, there is an urgent need for a unified regulatory strategy for wastewater reuse ensuring food safety and security. We propose a single, coordinated approach to overseeing wastewater reuse to enhance public health and address contaminants of emerging concern that are not currently regulated. Navigating the political and legislative complexities in a proactive stance requires both Israeli and Palestinian decision-makers to address the matter conscientiously. Existing data and the precautionary principle are sufficient to propose an interim prohibition on treated wastewater irrigation for leafy vegetables to mitigate pollution risks and act as a catalyst for improving irrigation water quality. Conclusions Our proposed strategy for a unified water reuse regulation emphasizes the necessary steps for its implementation and addresses potential obstacles. This strategy underscores the importance of responsible wastewater management in advancing common goals of environmental sustainability, food safety, and human health. Short Synopsis We propose a coordinated Israeli-Palestinian approach to wastewater reuse to ensure food safety based on shared environmental and health concerns, economic considerations, and the precautionary principle. A Call for Joint Israeli-Palestinian Guidelines for Water Recycling to Improve Food Security and Safety
Evaluating the impact of lateral position alterations on intraocular pressure and cerebral oxygen saturation among elderly and middle-aged patients undergoing surgery
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Ying-Ying , Xi Chun-Hua 
Published: December 2024

Objective To assess the impact of lateral position changes on intraocular pressure and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) in patients undergoing surgery. Methods Seventy patients were categorized into the elderly and middle-aged groups, with 35 individuals in each. Apart from collecting physiological data of patients, intraocular pressure was measured using a rebound tonometer, and regional cerebral oxygen saturation levels were assessed with a cerebral oxygen monitor at ten different time points in this study. Results Intraocular pressure trends in both eyes were similar in both groups, peaking after two hours and then stabilizing. The intraocular pressure of the eye on the compressed side increased after lateral positioning, and this was more notable in the elderly group, indicating a significant difference ( P < 0.05). The rScO2 levels did not differ significantly between the groups ( P > 0.05); however, patients in the elderly group exhibited higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuations at post-intubation (T2) and pre-turning (T8) time points compared to those in the middle-aged group, and this difference was significant ( P < 0.05). In the middle-aged group, there was no correlation between MAP and changes in cerebral oxygen saturation ( P > 0.05), whereas a weak correlation was present in the elderly group ( P < 0.05). There was no difference in uncorrected visual acuity between the pre-admission and six hours post-surgery time points ( P > 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study underscores the importance of proper positioning of patients, enhanced intraoperative monitoring, and safe surgical positioning practices.
Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles from Neem Leaves Extract Exhibit Antioxidant and Renal Responses During Eimeria papillata Infection
Authors: Abdel-Gaber Rewaida , Al- Shaebi Esam M. , Al Quraishy Saleh 
Published: December 2024

Background A protozoan disease termed coccidiosis is common worldwide and affects both domestic and wild animals. New alternatives must be discovered because traditional coccidiostats are becoming less effective. More recently, nanomedicine has been a better option for treating a wide range of diseases. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the role of biosynthesized selenium nano-particles (Bio-SeN) utilizing neem leaf extract on the outcome of renal damage caused by murine coccidiosis. Methods In this study, 25 mice were employed, and five groups (five mice/group) were formed: Group 1, this group is considered as control; Group 2, this group was noninfected and received Bio-SeN for 5 days; and Groups 3, 4, and 5: infected groups received 103 Eimeria papillata oocysts. Following that, for 5 days, Group 4 was administered Bio-SeN, while Group 5 was given amprolium (120 mg/kg). On the fifth day post-infection (p.i.), oocyst output, as well as body weight, was recorded, and mice were euthanized so that blood could be drawn for biochemical examination. The kidneys were also removed to prepare histological sections and homogenate for the determination of oxidative damage markers. Results The results demonstrated that by day 5 p.i., mice treated with Bio-SeN after infection with E. papillata had significantly reduced oocyst output in their feces. Body weight gain was significantly reduced by Eimeria infection to −6.07%, and it improved to −3.64% with Bio-SeN treatment. Significant degenerative alterations in the form of vacuolation and inflammatory infiltration in the renal tubules, together with the presence of erythrocytes in some blood sinusoids, were linked to infection. Furthermore, the infected mice’s protein and carbohydrate contents were disturbed by the infection. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels in the kidneys significantly increased as a result of the Eimeria infection. In the infected mice, these alterations result in oxidative damage. During the Bio-SeN treatment, all of these infection-induced parameters show significant changes. Conclusion Overall, our findings show that Bio-SeNs significantly exhibit a significant in vivo renal response against murine coccidiosis.
Investigating computer vision syndrome and associated factors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative cross-sectional study in faculty members
Authors: Jalali Mahdi , Esmaeili Reza , Hesam Ghasem , Moradpour Zahra , Farhadi Sajjad 
Published: December 2024

Background One of the most significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on human societies was the transformation of face-to-face training (F2F) into distance education (DE) processes. Objective This study aimed to investigate computer vision syndrome (CVS) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the risk factors that may lead to increased incidence of CVS in university professors due to DE. Methods Using an online questionnaire, occupational and demographic information, hours of computer, laptop, smartphone, and tablet usage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected. In the second part, participants were asked to report the frequency of occurrence and severity of 16 CVS symptoms over the past year and the last 7 days. The third section of the questionnaire recorded CVS risk factors such as ergonomic status of workstations, during virtual live training (VLT) and offline content creation during the COVID-19 period. Results The prevalence of CVS was 9.03% before COVID-19 and 34.19% during COVID-19. The cumulative incidence of CVS was 25.48%. The mean ± SD of the CVS final score significantly increased before (6.82 ± 4.29) and during COVID-19 (8.48 ± 7.11) ( p < 0.001). Associated factors with CVS revealed using Univariate analyses (OR >1; 95% CI 0.75–11.27, p < 0.05). Conclusion DE has led to increased prevalence and incidence of CVS in university professors during the COVID-19 pandemic. It appears that associated factors with CVS such as increased usage time of smartphones can contribute to increase CVS in university professors.
Technology literacy and access to digital resources for remote assessment among adults enrolled in Alzheimer's disease research
Authors: Okafor Maureen , Yang Zhiyi , Vickers Kayci L , Sanders Katherine , Simama Najé , Hewitt Kelsey C , Lah James , Levey Allan I , Goldstein Felicia C , Hajjar Ihab 
Published: December 2024

Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic accelerated development of innovative methods for conducting research remotely via digital technologies. However, few studies have examined participant technological literacy skills or access as key social determinants of brain health in aging populations at risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Objective To identify associations of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, cognitive status and geolocation with digital technology access and skill within dementia research cohorts. Methods A self-administered questionnaire surveyed digital access and literacy skills in persons enrolled across various studies conducted at Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. We investigated cognitive and sociodemographic characteristics, and neighborhood disadvantage related to these digital attributes. Results Of 1860 participants (mean age: 65.3 years (SD:11.4)) surveyed, 71.6% were women, 87.1% Whites, 10.4% African Americans, and 46.9% had postgraduate-level education. Most participants had access to digital devices: desktop (53.7%), laptop (81.6%), tablet (71.6%), smartphone (94.6%), internet (82.0%), or videoconferencing (95.5%). Cognitively unimpaired participants had higher odds of digital access (OR:3.75; 95% CI:2.45–5.73) and skill (OR:1.22; 95% CI:1.14–1.30). Although Whites were likelier to have access (OR:1.36; 95% CI:1.01–1.82) than African Americans, no differences were found in skill between the two groups. Living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods was significantly associated with lower technology skills (OR:0.86; 95% CI:0.82–0.91). Conclusions Cognitive impairment, race, and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage are significant barriers which limit digital access and skill. Improving digital knowledge, skill-building, and geographic access may encourage research participation especially in geographically remote or disadvantaged areas and help narrow sociodemographic and racial disparities existing in dementia research.
Voices from the margins: A qualitative study exploring components influencing psychosocial health and wellbeing among gender minority forced migrants
Authors: Gottvall Maria , Isaac Rummage , Péter-Szabó Osszián , Ainembabazi Ronah , Carlsson Tommy 
Published: December 2024

Aims: To explore the components that influence health and wellbeing of gender minority forced migrants residing in Sweden. Methods: Qualitative exploratory study based on semi-structured interviews with gender minority forced migrants recruited through a combination of convenience, purposeful and snowball sampling. Guided by the levels in the social ecological model, transcripts were analysed with systematic text condensation in a collaborative process between experts by lived experience, researchers and clinical psychologist. Results: Participants expressed resilience and hope about their future. Loneliness was a major issue contributing to health burdens and peer support was highly appreciated. Barriers hindering access to health services and judgemental behaviours among health professionals were described. Affirming support through empathy, trust, safety, confidentiality, continuity and respect was highlighted as essential in health services. While societal openness and safety for gender minority individuals was appreciated, participants faced an uncertain asylum process and unmet basic needs. Conclusions: Gender minority forced migrants show resilience and appreciate the newfound societal safety. However, they find themselves in the margins of society and encounter various multi-layered challenges. Loneliness is a public health concern that could be addressed through peer support, which is highly desired and valued. Ensuring access to affirming health services should be a prioritized area for researchers, professionals, stakeholders and policy-makers.
Correlates of active commuting to school across two generations: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Suominen Th , Kukko T , Yang X , Pahkala K , Rovio S , Hirvensalo M , Kähönen M , Raitakari O , Tammelin Th , Salin K 
Published: December 2024

Aims: Active commuting to school (ACS), a source of physical activity (PA), has declined in many countries over recent decades. This study investigates ACS and the factors associated with it among Finnish children and adolescents across two generations: those born between 1965–74 and 1998–2010. We also explore potential generational differences in these associations. Methods: School commuting was self-reported by 2075 participants of the ongoing population-based Young Finns Study in 1983 (generation 1 (G1), aged 9–18, 52% female), and by their 1137 offspring in 2018 (generation 2 (G2), aged 8–20, 53% female). Factors associated with ACS and the moderating effect of generation on these associations were examined using generalized estimating equation models for clustered binary data, for summer and winter seasons separately. Results: A greater distance to school ( p < 0.001) and belonging to G2 ( p ⩽ 0.049) were negatively associated with ACS during both seasons. High parental leisure-time PA ( p ⩽ 0.025 for both seasons) and urban living area ( p < 0.001 for summer) were positively associated with ACS. Generation moderated the associations of school grade and parental income with ACS in the summer ( p ⩽ 0.015). Among G1 only, attending lower secondary school (vs. primary school) was negatively associated with ACS, while higher parental income was positively associated with ACS. Neither gender nor parental education was associated with ACS. Conclusions: ACS was less common among the younger generation. Several correlates of ACS were identified, with generational differences. These findings can inform further research and guide policy decisions to promote ACS and ultimately enhance the PA of children and adolescents.