bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Advances of Nanostructure Design for Alloy‐Type Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes via In Situ TEM
Authors: Huang Huawen , Wang Jiuwu , Yang Xianfeng , Hu Renzong , Liu Jinlong , Zhang Lei , Zhu Min 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNanostructure design and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are combined to demonstrate Sb‐based nanofibers composed of bunched yolk–shell building units as a significantly improved anode for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Particularly, a metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐engaged electrospinning strategy coupled to a confined ion‐exchange followed by a subsequent thermal reduction is proposed to fabricate yolk–shell Sb@C nanoboxes embedded in carbon nanofibers (Sb@CNFs). In situ TEM analysis reveals that the inner Sb nanoparticles undergo a significant volume expansion/contraction during the alloying/dealloying processes, while the void space can effectively relieve the overall volume change, and the plastic carbon shell maintains the structural integrity of electrode material. This work provides an important reference for the application of advanced characterization techniques to guide the optimization of electrode material design.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in the Solid‐State
Authors: Cho Hong Y. , Bielawski Christopher W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPoly(2‐vinylnaphthalene) was synthesized in the solid‐state by ball milling a mixture of the corresponding monomer, a Cu‐based catalyst, and an activated haloalkane as the polymerization initiator. Various reaction conditions, including milling time, milling frequency and added reductant to accelerate the polymerization were optimized. Monomer conversion and the evolution of polymer molecular weight were monitored over time using 1H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography, respectively, and linear correlations were observed. While the polymer molecular weight was effectively tuned by changing the initial monomer‐to‐initiator ratio, the experimentally measured values were found to be lower than their theoretical values. The difference was attributed to premature mechanical decomposition and modeled to accurately account for the decrement. Random copolymers of two monomers with orthogonal solubilities, sodium styrene sulfonate and 2‐vinylnaphthalene, were also synthesized in the solid‐state. Inspection of the data revealed that the solid‐state polymerization reaction was controlled, followed a mechanism similar to that described for solution‐state atom transfer radical polymerizations, and may be used to prepare polymers that are inaccessible via solution‐state methods.
PI by NMR: Probing CH–π Interactions in Protein–Ligand Complexes by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Platzer Gerald , Mayer Moriz , Beier Andreas , Brüschweiler Sven , Fuchs Julian E. , Engelhardt Harald , Geist Leonhard , Bader Gerd , Schörghuber Julia , Lichtenecker Roman , Wolkerstorfer Bernhard , Kessler Dirk , McConnell Darryl B. , Konrat Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile CH–π interactions with target proteins are crucial determinants for the affinity of arguably every drug molecule, no method exists to directly measure the strength of individual CH–π interactions in drug–protein complexes. Herein, we present a fast and reliable methodology called PI (π interactions) by NMR, which can differentiate the strength of protein–ligand CH–π interactions in solution. By combining selective amino‐acid side‐chain labeling with 1H‐13C NMR, we are able to identify specific protein protons of side‐chains engaged in CH–π interactions with aromatic ring systems of a ligand, based solely on 1H chemical‐shift values of the interacting protein aromatic ring protons. The information encoded in the chemical shifts induced by such interactions serves as a proxy for the strength of each individual CH–π interaction. PI by NMR changes the paradigm by which chemists can optimize the potency of drug candidates: direct determination of individual π interactions rather than averaged measures of all interactions.
Superior thermal stability and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites with graphene/LDHphosphorus‐rich hybrids
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Kang Yunian , Huang Rongqing , Luo Zhenyang , He Ming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, graphene/LDH phosphorus‐rich triple hybrid was prepared by a mild method and used to effectively improve the thermal stability and smoke suppression of epoxy resin (EP). The graphene was firstly reacted with hexamethylenediamine (HA) and followed by the treatment with the layered double hydroxide (LDH) and NaH2PO4solutions. Compared to the unmodified graphene, the initial decomposition temperature of the triple hybrids increases significantly from 168.6 to 292.5°C. The residual carbon content is greatly improved and the residual mass is up to 84.1%. Elemental analysis reveals the content of phosphorus in EP composites is as high as 10 wt%. In flame retardancy tests, the peak heat release rate of the EP composite with 5 wt% graphene/LDH phosphorus‐rich hybrids decreases to 786.15 KW/m2, 41.19% drastic reduction compared to that of EP. These results indicate that the triple functionalization process effectively expands the interval distribution of heat release and makes the heat release process more gradual and spread flames smaller. The smoke production rate and total smoke production rate of EP composite with 5 wt% graphene/LDH phosphorus‐rich hybrids are 0.32 m2/s and 40.91 m2, which are significantly reduced by 65.22 and 57.83%, respectively. This gentle and efficient process provides a new approach to multi‐functional design to improve the thermal stability and smoke suppression of resin‐based composites.
The settlers' town is a strongly built town: Fanon in Palestine
Authors: Sheehi Stephen , Sheehi Lara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article emerges from one collaboration with Palestinian clinicians while presenting the work of Frantz Fanon to a group of training clinicians in the Maana Center of EMMS Nazareth Hospital in Nazareth (al‐Nasirah). Reading and discussing Fanon in Palestine with Palestinian clinicians and trainees elicited deepseated feelings of affirmation and validation, while also disclosing anxieties arising from colonial alienation, as Fanon would say. At the same time, Fanon conjures in Palestine an affirming and empowering spirit that, inevitably, results in a consideration of how Palestinian indigeneity, no matter how mediated by regimes of domination and control, recenters itself as a repost to the extractive psychological and material violence that constitutes settler colonialism; in this case, Zionism. Adopting a decolonial methodology, we came to understand how psychological theory and practice provides Palestinian clinicians a means to work for selfawareness within a regime of oppression. Centering indigenous lives, their relationships to their own collectives and communities, and their relationship the psychopathy of settler colonial structures, produced critical psychological and social knowledge.
Altered Lymphatic Vessel Anatomy and Markedly Diminished Lymph Clearance in Affected Hands of Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bell Richard D. , Rahimi Homaira , Kenney H. Mark , Lieberman Alicia A. , Wood Ronald W. , Schwarz Edward M. , Ritchlin Christopher T. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo assess differences between lymphatic function in the affected hands of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with active synovitis and that of healthy controls, using indocyanine green (ICG) dye and near‐infrared (NIR) imaging.MethodsNIR imaging of the hands of 8 patients with active RA and 13 healthy controls was performed following web space injection of 0.1 ml of 100 μM ICG. The percentage of ICG retention in the web spaces was determined by NIR imaging at baseline and at 7 days (±1 day) after the initial injections; image analysis provided contraction frequency. ICG+ lymphatic vessel (LV) length and branching architecture were assessed.ResultsRetention of ICG in RA hands was higher compared to controls (P < 0.01). The average contraction frequency of ICG+ LVs in RA patients and in controls did not differ (mean ± SD 0.53 ± 0.39 contractions/minute versus 0.51 ± 0.35 contractions/minute). Total ICG+ LV length in RA hands was lower compared to healthy controls (58.3 ± 15.0 cm versus 71.4 ± 16.1 cm; P < 0.001), concomitant with a decrease in the number of ICG+ basilic LVs in the hands of RA patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionLymphatic drainage in the hands of RA patients with active disease was reduced compared to controls. This reduction was associated with a decrease in total length of ICG+ LVs on the dorsal surface of the hands, which continued to contract at a similar rate to that observed in controls. These findings provide a plausible mechanism for exacerbation of synovitis and joint damage, specifically the accumulation and retention of inflammatory cells and catabolic factors in RA joints due to impaired efferent lymphatic flow. NIR/ICG imaging of RA hands is feasible and warrants formal investigation as a primary outcome measure for arthritis disease severity and/or persistence in future clinical trials.
Impact of co‐product selection on techno‐economic analyses of alternative jet fuel produced with forest harvest residuals
Authors: Brandt Kristin L. , Wooley Robert J. , Geleynse Scott C. , Gao Johnway , Zhu Junyong , Cavalieri Ralph P. , Wolcott Michael P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article details techno‐economic analyses for producing alternative jet fuel (AJF) at a greenfield integrated biorefinery (IBR) using softwood forest residues. The scenarios and their corresponding economic outcomes differ based on the co‐product selections. The selected technology to produce AJF uses a mild bisulfite pretreatment process to prepare the feedstock for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation to isobutanol, which is then upgraded to hydrocarbon ‘drop‐in’ fuels using an alcohol‐to‐jet process. The hydrocarbons are a combination of jet fuel and aviation gasoline (AvGas). The residuals are used to produce co‐products. Four co‐product scenarios are compared to quantify the impact of co‐product selection on the primary products, jet fuel, and AvGas minimum selling prices (MSPs). For the baseline (BL) scenario, residuals are burned to create steam for conversion to electricity. The excess power generated is sold at a wholesale price to the grid. The total capital investment for an IBR with a forest residue feed rate of 721 k dry metric ton year−1 is 1027 MM US$, and the AJF MSP is 2.07 US$ L−1. The BL scenario is compared with three co‐product selections: 1) liquid calcium lignosulfonate and electricity; 2) activated carbon; and 3) a combination of liquid calcium lignosulfonate and activated carbon. As anticipated, the conversion of residuals into higher value co‐products provides additional revenue to offset the production cost of hydrocarbons. The alternative co‐product scenarios reduced the predicted MSPs; however, the most cost‐competitive model, the scenario where both activated carbon and calcium lignosulfonates are produced, reduced the jet fuel MSP to 1.49 US$ L−1, a 28% reduction. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Development and validation of a spectrofluorimetric method for the analysis of tolfenamic acid in pure and tablet dosage form
Authors: Andleeb Shomaiza , Ahmed Sofia , Sheraz Muhammad Ali , Anwar Zubair , Ahmad Iqbal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTolfenamic acid (TA) is commonly used in humans and animals because of its anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. So far, no study has been carried out to develop a validated spectrofluorimetric method for determination of TA. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and validate a simple, accurate, rapid, economical, and precise spectrofluorimetric method to assay TA in its pure and dosage forms, and also in degraded solutions. The fluorimetric method had higher sensitivity compared with the spectrophotometric and high‐performance liquid chromatography methods and could determine the drug at the microgram level. Optimum pH of TA for maximum fluorescence intensity was 3, and its two pKa values were calculated as 1.95 and 4.05. The proposed method was validated according to the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation, and parameters such as linearity, range, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, robustness, specificity, and solution stability were tested. Stress‐induced degradation studies on TA did not affect the accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The results obtained indicated that the method was linear over the concentration range 0.2–0.9 × 10−3 M with good accuracy, precision, and robustness for assay of TA in its pure and its tablet dosage forms and was comparable statistically with the British Pharmacopoeia method.
Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with anti–PD‐1 therapy
Authors: Dharmapuri Sirish , Özbek Umut , Lin Jung‐Yi , Sung Max , Schwartz Myron , Branch Andrea D. , Ang Celina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there are no recognized or validated biomarkers to identify hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HCC) likely to benefit from anti–PD‐1 therapy. We evaluated the relationship between neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and survival outcomes, pretreatment and after three doses (posttreatment) of nivolumab in HCC patients.MethodsMedical records of HCC patients treated with nivolumab between June 2016 and July 2018 were reviewed. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and the log‐rank test were used to calculate and compare overall survival between NLR < 5 Vs ≥ 5 and among PLR tertiles.ResultsA total of 103 patients were identified. Median age was 66 (29‐89) years. Median treatment duration was 26 (2‐149) weeks. Sixty‐four (62%) patients had Child‐Pugh class A (CP‐A) liver function. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage was B in 20 (19%) and C in 83 (81%) patients. CP‐A patients who achieved a partial or complete response had significantly lower posttreatment NLR and PLR (P < .001 for both) compared to patients who had stable disease or progression of disease. No relationship was observed between response and pretreatment NLR and PLR. NLR < 5 was associated with improved OS compared to NLR ≥ 5 both pretreatment (23 Vs10 months, P = .004) and posttreatment (35 Vs 9 months, P < .0001). Survival also differed significantly among PLR tertiles both pre‐ (P = .05) and posttreatment (P = .013). In a multivariable model, posttreatment NLR (HR = 1.10, P < .001) and PLR (HR = 1.002, P < .001) were strongly associated with survival. In a composite model of posttreatment NLR and PLR, a combination of high NLR and PLR was associated with an eightfold increased risk of death (HR = 8.3, P < .001).ConclusionsThis study suggests a strong predictive role of these inflammatory cell ratios in the posttreatment setting in HCC patients treated with anti anti–PD‐1 therapy and should be evaluated in a larger cohort.
Developing the competent psychiatric psychotherapist: A single‐site, retrospective study
Authors: Morrissette Matthew , Fleisher William , Anang Polina , Harrington Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPsychiatry residents often enter their residency training intending to practice psychotherapy after completing residency; however, this early interest appears to diminish over the course of their training. To preserve psychotherapy as a core competency of future psychiatrists, different educational approaches might be considered, including introducing formal psychotherapy training in the first year of residency to capitalise on this early interest. The University of Manitoba postgraduate psychiatry training programme has a 20‐year history of beginning formal psychotherapy training in the first year of residency. This study examines former residents’ perceptions of psychotherapy training in the early years of their residency that have affected their career path trajectory with regard to their perceived competencies as psychotherapists and psychiatrists. The authors electronically surveyed 59 psychiatrists who completed psychiatry residency at the University of Manitoba between the years of 2000 and 2011 regarding their perspectives of their early years of their psychotherapy training, as well as the impact of formal psychotherapy training on their current practice. Survey response rate was 35.6%. Only 23.8% had a psychotherapy‐oriented practice. Most (90.5%) highly valued their psychotherapeutic skills, and 95.2% of respondents felt that psychotherapy training should begin in the first year of residency. Psychiatrists endorsed the opportunities to observe formal psychotherapy and participate in co‐therapy as elements of psychotherapy training that would most enhance their skill and competency development. This survey supports the early introduction of psychotherapies training, and suggests that these skills are highly valued by general psychiatrists.
Chemical Composition and Anti‐Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Activities of a Functional Oil from the Edible Seaweed Hizikia fusiforme
Authors: Yang Wen‐Cong , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Li Ya‐Juan , Nie Ying‐Ying , Liang Jin‐Yue , Liu Ya‐Yue , Liu Jing‐Shan , Zhang Yong‐Ping , Song Cai , Qian Zhong‐Ji , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCholinergic disorder, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation play important roles in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. To explore the healthy potential of the edible seaweed Hizikia fusiforme on this aspect, a functional oil (HFFO) was extracted from this alga and investigated on its constituents by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in this study. Its anti‐Alzheimer's related bioactivities including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, antioxidation, and anti‐neuroinflammation were evaluated, traced, and simulated by in vitro and in silico methods. GC/MS analysis indicated that HFFO mainly contained arachidonic acid (ARA), 11,14,17‐eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA), palmitic acid, phytol, etc. HFFO showed moderate AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity. Bioactivity tracing using commercial standards verified that AChE inhibition of HFFO mainly originated from ARA and ETrA, whereas antioxidant activity mainly from ARA. Lineweaver−Burk plots showed that both ARA and ETrA are noncompetitive AChE inhibitors. A molecular docking study demonstrated low CDOCKER interaction energy of −26.33 kcal/mol for ARA and −43.70 kcal/mol for ETrA when interacting with AChE and multiple interactions in the ARA (or ETrA)−AChE complex. In the anti‐neuroinflammatory evaluation, HFFO showed no toxicity toward BV‐2 cells at 20 μg/mL and effectively inhibited the production of nitroxide and reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide‐induced BV‐2 cells. The results indicated that HFFO could be used in functional foods for its anti‐Alzheimer's disease‐related activities.
Characterization of Membrane Protein‐Lipid Interactions in Unfolded OmpX with Enhanced Time Resolution by Hyperpolarized NMR
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Mandal Ratnamala , Hilty Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProton nuclear spins of dodecyl phosphocholine molecules below the critical micelle concentration are hyperpolarized by using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D‐DNP). NMR signal enhancements of 1210±400 and 1610±550 are obtained at 9.4 T, for choline methyls in the head group of the lipid and for the tail‐end methyl group, respectively. This polarization is transferred to the unfolded protein through the nuclear Overhauser effect, after dilution to a final denaturant concentration of 0.8 M urea. As a result, the amide and aromatic side‐chain signals of the protein are increased up to sixfold. Selective inversion pulses applied either on the head‐group or tail‐group of the lipid are used to identify the source of the transferred polarization. The normalized cross‐relaxation rates of σN,tail=−1.8±0.1 s−1 M−1 and σN,head=−0.5±0.3 s−1 M−1 are obtained, showing a larger polarization transfer from the tail groups. These cross‐relaxation rates are determined at a low urea concentration, which constitutes refolding conditions for the protein. The sensitivity enhancement by D‐DNP permits to access these conditions with a measurement time on the order of seconds, and may further open the possibility to investigate structural changes in membrane proteins during folding.
Invasive fractional flow reserve: Which technology is best?
Authors: Safian Robert D. 
Published: May 2020

Key Points
Invasive pressure measurements using hyperemic fractional flow reserve (FFR) and nonhyperemic pressure measurements (NHPR) are superior to angiography alone for assessment of 50–90% stenoses.
FFR devices using piezoelectric and optical sensors achieve 94% concordance in FFR values; microcatheter designs have more lesion‐crossing failures and less pressure drift compared with guidewire designs.
Despite the similarity in statistical performance among FFR devices, interventional cardiologists may prefer to use NHPR to avoid the need for adenosine‐related side effects, variations in vasodilator response, and limited application in patients with certain clinical and anatomic features.
Altered spontaneous activity and effective connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Long Jingyi , Luo Lekai , Guo Yi , You Wanfang , Li Qian , Li Bin , Tang Wanjie , Yang Yanchun , Kemp Graham J. , Sweeney John A. , Li Fei , Gong Qiyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling neuropsychiatric disorder whose neurobiological basis remains unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported functional and structural alterations of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in OCD. In this study, we explored the functional activity of subregions of the ACC and effective connectivity (EC) between ACC subregions and the whole brain in OCD. We used a Granger causality analysis (GCA) to identify the direction of information flow and whether the impact of that flow was excitatory or inhibitory. We performed resting‐state functional MRI in 31 patients with OCD and 36 healthy controls and analyzed the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and coefficient‐based GCA. The left pregenual ACC (pACC) in patients with OCD showed decreased ALFF relative to controls. There was significantly decreased excitatory output from the left pACC to both right dorsal superior frontal gyrus (dSFG) and left precuneus in patients compared with controls. Patients also had decreased inhibitory input to left pACC from left ventral SFG and left thalamus and caudate relative to controls. Results were similar in drug‐naive patients and those with prior but not current psychopharmacological treatment. In patients, path coefficients of GCA from left pACC to right dSFG showed significant negative correlations with obsession and anxiety ratings. Decreased spontaneous neural activity and altered EC of pACC with widely distributed cortical circuitry, and associations with clinical ratings highlight the importance of pACC functional alteration in OCD.