bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uber’s bumpy ride in China
Authors: Singh Geeta , Dwesar Rishi , Kumar Satish 
Published: April 2020

Theoretical basis
The purpose of this paper is to explore all the strategies adopted by Uber China to gain more and more market shares of Chinese markets. It included localization of its core product, adaptation to Chinese demands and tying up with different Chinese companies.

Research methodology
The case study has been prepared after thoroughly studying Uber’s business in China. Secondary data is collected from credible sources such as the Uber website, newspapers, interviews and journal publications. This data helped in arriving at a basic understanding of the company, its objectives, strategies and the business model. The strategies formulated by Uber and the challenges it faced while operating in China are studied and explained based on this secondary data. Various published papers, reports released by reputed organizations and universities, interviews of managers and experts and research papers were also used to develop this case.

Case overview/synopsis
This case is developed considering the bent of today’s consumers toward sharing economy. The scope of businesses based on the concept of sharing economy is very wide and is increasing. China’s sharing economy sector was one of the fastest economies in the world. The case chronicles ride of Uber in China: from its entry in the country, strategies adopted, challenges faced and to the exit from China.

Complexity academic level
International business management at the undergraduate and postgraduate programs in management
Chinese cruise customers loyalty: the impact of customer participation and service personal values
Authors: Wu Hui , Lv Xiaoxiao , Cavusoglu Muhittin , Cobanoglu Cihan 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to further explore the effects of customer participation (CP) and service personal values (SPVs) on cruise customer satisfaction (CS) and customer loyalty (CL) by applying the empirical research approach.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered questionnaire was prepared and used to collect data. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the proposed model and hypotheses.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that CP positively influences SPVs, CS and CL. SPVs have a significant and positive impact on CS as well. Moreover, the study also finds that collectivism has a strong positive effect on CP. Price sensitivity negatively moderates the relationship among CP, CPV, CS and CL.Research limitations/implicationsThe generalizability of the current study findings should be considered or scrutinized in light of the fact that limited samples and cross-sectional data were used. This limitation positions the findings as a continuation of the developing path toward a better understanding of customer behavior rather than a definitive conclusion.Practical implicationsThe study results show that CP has a positive direct effect on SPVs, CS and CL. Even though many researchers have verified the importance and function of CP, there is a lack of literature, which assesses the influence of CP in a cruise industry context. By focusing on this gap, this research makes it feasible to empirically analyze the different effects of CP in relation to SPVs, CS and CL in Chinese cruise preferences.Social implicationsThe study results suggest that CP is a new predictor of CS and CL in the cruise industry. Thus, creating a positive experience through participation is crucial. As customers are co-producers, it is beneficial for the cruise companies to raise labor productivity and reduce cost by guiding and stimulating them to take part in the service-producing process.Originality/valueBased on the perspective of service-dominant logic, the purpose of this study is to shed light on the formation process of loyalty behavior of Chinese cruise tourists. The empirical results indicate that CP positively influences SPVs, CS and CL. SPVs have a significant and positive impact on CS as well. Moreover, the study also finds that collectivism has a strong positive effect on CP. Price sensitivity negatively moderates the relationship among CP, CPV, CS and CL.
The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility Strategic Fit and Times of Economic Hardship
Authors: Apaydin Marina , Jiang Guoliang Frank , Demirbag Mehmet , Jamali Dima 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious research investigating the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP) reveals the importance of industry specificity. Drawing on strategic stakeholder theory, we argue that the strategic fit between CSR activities and value chain activities contributes to industry‐specific effects in the CSR–CFP relationship. Given the multidimensional nature of CSR, some CSR activities will be more impactful for certain industries than others, because industries differ in value chain activities and salient stakeholders. Specifically, we propose and test a set of hypotheses for two industries positioned on the different ends of the industry spectrum based on their ecological footprint – healthcare and resource extraction. We further examine the industry specificity of the CSR–CFP relationship by exploring external economic conditions (the 2008–2009 recession) as a boundary condition. Our study contributes to the extant literature by demonstrating the role of strategic fit between CSR and value chain activities in explaining the influence of CSR on CFP. Additional testing of this mechanism in times of economic hardship adds a unique aspect to our theoretical and empirical contributions.
The effect of Medicaid expansion on prescriptions for breast cancer hormonal therapy medications
Authors: Maclean Johanna Catherine , Halpern Michael T. , Hill Steven C. , Pesko Michael F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the effects of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion on prescriptions for effective breast cancer hormonal therapies (tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors) among Medicaid enrollees.Data Source/Study SettingMedicaid State Drug Utilization Database (SDUD) 2011‐2018, comprising the universe of outpatient prescription medications covered under the Medicaid program.Study DesignDifferences‐in‐differences and event‐study linear models compare population rates of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole) use in expansion and nonexpansion states, controlling for population characteristics, state, and time.Principal FindingsRelative to nonexpansion states, Medicaid‐financed hormonal therapy prescriptions increased by 27.2 per 100 000 nonelderly women in a state. This implies a 28.8 percent increase from the pre‐expansion mean of 94.2 per 100 000 nonelderly women in expansion states. The event‐study model reveals no evidence of differential pretrends in expansion and nonexpansion states and suggests use grew to 40 or more prescriptions per 100 000 nonelderly women 3‐5 years postexpansion.ConclusionsMedicaid expansion may have had a meaningful impact on the ability of lower‐income women to access effective hormonal therapies used to treat breast cancer.
COVID‐19 and spinal cord injuries: The viewpoint from an emergency department resident with quadriplegia
Authors: Palipana Dinesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpinal cord injuries (SCIs) present distinct physiological and social considerations for the emergency physician. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, these considerations may generate unique challenges for emergency physicians managing patients with SCIs. Physiological disruptions may alter the way SCI patients present with COVID‐19. The same disruptions can affect management of this vulnerable patient group, perhaps warranting early aggressive treatment. The medical picture will often be complicated by unique social characteristics. The reliance on caregivers for activities of daily living can, as an example, increase the human resource requirement of an ED. Considering the vulnerabilities and complexities of patients with SCI, the community should prioritise prevention of COVID‐19 infections in this group. In the event that they do present to an ED, planning for and understanding their complexities will facilitate optimal management.
Subtle bacterioplankton community responses to elevated CO2 and warming in the oligotrophic South Pacific gyre
Authors: Allen Ro , Hoffmann Linn J. , Law Cliff S. , Summerfield Tina C. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBacterioplankton play a critical role in primary production, carbon cycling, and nutrient cycling in the oligotrophic ocean. To investigate the effect of elevated CO2 and warming on the composition and function of bacterioplankton communities in oligotrophic waters, we performed two trace‐metal clean deck board incubation experiments during the New Zealand GEOTRACES transect of the South Pacific gyre (SPG). High‐throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that bacterioplankton community composition was distinct between the fringe and ultra‐oligotrophic centre of the SPG and changed consistently in response to elevated CO2 at the ultra‐oligotrophic centre but not at the mesotrophic fringe of the SPG. The combined effects of elevated CO2 and warming resulted in a high degree of heterogeneity between replicate communities. Community‐level protein synthesis rates (3H‐Leucine incorporation) and bacterioplankton abundance were not affected by elevated CO2 alone or in combination with warming at the fringe or ultra‐oligotrophic centre of the SPG. These data suggest bacterioplankton community responses to elevated CO2 may be modulated by nutrient regimes in open ocean ecosystems and highlight the need for further investigation in expanding oligotrophic subtropical gyres.
A novel alphaproteobacterium with a small genome identified from the digestive gland of multiple species of abalone
Authors: Huang Zhaobin , Petersen Jillian M. , Martijn Joran , Ettema Thijs J. G. , Shao Zongze 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe identified an alphaproteobacterium in the digestive gland of the abalone species Haliotis discus hannai. This phylotype dominated our 16S rRNA clone libraries from the digestive gland of H. discus hannai. Diversity surveys revealed that this phylotype was associated with H. discus hannai and also in another host species, H. gigantea. Whole genome phylogenies placed this bacterium as a new member affiliated with the family Rhodospirillaceae in Alphaproteobacteria. Gene annotation revealed a nearly complete glycolysis pathway but no TCA cycle, but the presence of anaerobic ribonucleoside‐triphosphate reductase and oxygen‐insensitive NAD(P)H‐dependent nitroreductase, which show the genomic potential for anaerobic metabolism. A large cluster of genes encoding ankyrin repeat proteins (ANK) of eukaryotic‐like repeat domains and a large gene set for the flagellar system were also detected. Alginate‐binding periplasmic proteins and key genes responsible for alginate assimilation were found in the genome, which could potentially contribute to the breakdown of the host's alginate‐rich macroalgal diet. These results raise the possibility that this novel alphaproteobacterium is a widespread member of the abalone microbiome that may use polysaccharides derived from its host's macroalgal diet.
Mixing genetically differentiated populations successfully boosts diversity of an endangered carnivore
Authors: McLennan E. A. , Grueber C. E. , Wise P. , Belov K. , Hogg C. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiodiversity decline and genetic erosion are among the most challenging conservation issues. Genetic admixture, the mixing of two or more genetically differentiated populations, can increase genetic diversity of admixed individuals. However, genetic admixture for conservation purposes is rare due to concerns over outbreeding depression, loss of local adaptations and scepticism regarding the benefits of mixing populations. We used an introduced population of Tasmanian devils Sarcophilus harrisii descended from two genetically differentiated source populations to illustrate the benefits of genetic admixture for translocation programmes. Devils are endangered due to an infectious cancer causing 80% population declines across their range since disease emergence in 1996. Devil populations are known to be structured on an east‐west cline across Tasmania. As part of their conservation management, devils were introduced to Maria Island, Tasmania in an assisted colonization in 2012 with supplementations in 2013 and 2017. Of the released individuals (N = 34), 23 were western (13M; 10F), four were eastern (4F) and seven were of mixed origin (2M; 5F). The genetic composition of devils born on Maria Island (N = 185) was examined using 927 single nucleotide polymorphism loci. Using a reconstructed pedigree for each individual, we examined the proportion of founding origin (east, west or mixed) and used Shannon’s Diversity Index to quantify the evenness of founder origin. Individuals with mixed origins (N = 102) had higher genetic diversity than purebred individuals (N = 83), and increased evenness of founder origin was positively correlated with genetic diversity. Increased genetic diversity had no influence on reproductive success. For a genetically depauperate species, mixing individuals descended from differentiated populations, resulted in increased diversity in subsequent generations. This finding permits conservation managers to select individuals for translocation that produce offspring with higher genetic diversity, creating high‐diversity source populations that can be used when augmenting other declining wild populations.
Access to markets, weather risk, and livestock production decisions: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Abay Kibrom A. , Jensen Nathaniel D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite several studies showing the effect of access to markets and weather conditions on crop production, we know quite little on whether and how livestock production systems respond to variation in weather risk and access to markets. In this paper, we study whether and how livestock production responds to (access to) markets and varying weather risk. We also explore whether such responses vary across livelihood zones and livestock production systems. We study these research questions using households’ livestock production, ownership, and marketing decisions of households in Ethiopia. We find that households living close to markets are more likely to engage in market‐oriented livestock production and use modern livestock inputs. We also find that households exposed to more unpredictable weather are less likely to engage in livestock production for markets, rather they are more likely to engage in livestock production for precautionary savings and insurance. Furthermore, greater rainfall uncertainty influences livestock portfolio allocation toward those which can be easily liquidated while also discouraging investment in modern livestock inputs. However, these responses and patterns vary across livelihood zones and production systems; most of these stylized responses and impacts are more pronounced and significant in the arid and semi‐arid lands of Ethiopia, where livestock herding remains a dominant source of livelihood. Those households relying only on livestock production seem more sensitive and responsive to weather risk and weather shocks. The heterogeneity in responses and impacts of weather risk among farming systems and livelihoods highlights the need for more tailored livestock sector policies and interventions.
Recommendations to improve the clinical adoption of NGS‐based cancer diagnostics in Singapore
Authors: Tan David Shao‐Peng , Tan Daniel Shao‐Weng , Tan Iain Bee Huat , Yan Benedict , Choo Su Pin , Chng Wee Joo , Hwang William Ying Khee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based diagnostics have demonstrated clinical utility in predicting improved survival benefits with targeted treatment in certain cancer types, and positive cost–benefit in several healthcare systems. However, clinical adoption in Singapore remains low despite commercial availability of these diagnostics. This expert opinion review examines the key challenges to the clinical adoption of NGS‐based diagnostics in Singapore, provides recommendations on impactful initiatives to improve adoption, and also offers practical guidance on specific cancer types in which NGS‐based diagnostics are appropriate for use in Singapore. Limited patient affordability is one major challenge to clinical adoption of NGS‐based diagnostics, which could be improved by enabling patient access to more funds for specific cancer types with clear benefits. Expert opinion based on current evidence and clinical experience supports the upfront use of hotspot panels in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), metastatic colorectal cancer, advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. Comprehensive genomic profiling could be considered for upfront use in select patients with NSCLC and ovarian cancer, or in refractory patients with the four cancer types. Wider adoption of NGS‐based diagnostics will improve the delivery of cancer care in Singapore and Asia‐Pacific, and thus lead to better patient outcomes.
Serotonin homeostasis in the materno‐foetal interface at term: Role of transporters (SERT/SLC6A4 and OCT3/SLC22A3) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A) in uptake and degradation of serotonin by human and rat term placenta
Authors: Karahoda Rona , Horackova Hana , Kastner Petr , Matthios Andreas , Cerveny Lukas , Kucera Radim , Kacerovsky Marian , Duintjer Tebbens Jurjen , Bonnin Alexandre , Abad Cilia , Staud Frantisek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimSerotonin is crucial for proper foetal development, and the placenta has been described as a ‘donor’ of serotonin for the embryo/foetus. However, in later stages of gestation the foetus produces its own serotonin from maternally‐derived tryptophan and placental supply is no longer needed. We propose a novel model of serotonin homeostasis in the term placenta with special focus on the protective role of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3/SLC22A3).MethodsDually perfused rat term placenta was employed to quantify serotonin/tryptophan transport and metabolism. Placental membrane vesicles isolated from human term placenta were used to characterize serotonin transporters on both sides of the syncytiotrophoblast.ResultsWe obtained the first evidence that serotonin is massively taken up from the foetal circulation by OCT3. This uptake is concentration‐dependent and inhibitable by OCT3 blockers of endogenous (glucocorticoids) or exogenous (pharmaceuticals) origin. Population analyses in rat placenta revealed that foetal sex influences placental extraction of serotonin from foetal circulation. Negligible foetal serotonin levels were detected in maternal‐to‐foetal serotonin/tryptophan transport and metabolic studies.ConclusionWe demonstrate that OCT3, localized on the foetus‐facing membrane of syncytiotrophoblast, is an essential component of foeto‐placental homeostasis of serotonin. Together with serotonin degrading enzyme, monoamine oxidase‐A, this offers a protective mechanism against local vasoconstriction effects of serotonin in the placenta. However, this system may be compromised by OCT3 inhibitory molecules, such as glucocorticoids or antidepressants. Our findings open new avenues to explore previously unsuspected/unexplained complications during pregnancy including prenatal glucocorticoid excess and pharmacotherapeutic risks of treating pregnant women with OCT3 inhibitors.
Overall safety of relamorelin in adults with diabetic gastroparesis: Analysis of phase 2a and 2b trial data
Authors: Camilleri Michael , Lembo Anthony , McCallum Richard , Tourkodimitris Stavros , Kemps Lara , Miller Matthew B. , Bertelsen Kirk , Iacob Alexandru 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundRelamorelin, a pentapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist, accelerated gastric emptying significantly and improved symptoms in adults with diabetic gastroparesis in phase 2 trials.AimTo assess the safety and tolerability of relamorelin across phase 2 trials.MethodsSafety assessments in patients aged 18‐75 years (weight, adverse events [AEs] and laboratory tests) from two randomised, double‐blind phase 2 trials (NCT01571297, NCT02357420; results published previously) were reviewed descriptively. Analysis of covariance assessed treatment effect on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose post hoc. Phase 2a and 2b trial durations were, respectively, 4 weeks (relamorelin 10 µg once or twice daily [b.d.] or placebo b.d.) and 12 weeks (relamorelin 10, 30 or 100 µg or placebo b.d.) with 1‐ and 2‐week, single‐blind placebo run‐ins.ResultsAmong 204 phase 2a and 393 phase 2b patients, respectively, 67% and 62% were female, and 88% and 89% had type 2 diabetes. Proportions of patients reporting serious AEs were similar across treatment groups, as were those with ≥1 treatment‐emergent AE (TEAE). TEAE‐related discontinuations were proportionally higher in relamorelin groups than placebo. Of 12 serious TEAEs in phase 2a, none occurred in >1 patient. In phase 2b, five serious TEAEs were reported in >1 patient, and one (100 µg) died (urosepsis), all unrelated to relamorelin. In phase 2b, increased HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels were dose‐related (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0043, respectively).ConclusionsRelamorelin showed acceptable safety and tolerability in phase 2 trials. Relamorelin may elevate blood glucose: this should be managed proactively in relamorelin‐treated patients.
Abnormal prefrontal cortex processing of reward prediction errors in recently diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives
Authors: Macoveanu Julian , Kjærstad Hanne L. , Chase Henry W. , Frangou Sophia , Knudsen Gitte M. , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars V. , Miskowiak Kamilla W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveBipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with abnormal reward functioning including pleasure‐seeking and impulsivity. Here we sought to clarify whether these changes can be attributed to abnormalities in the neural processing of reward valuation or error prediction. Moreover, we tested whether abnormalities in these processes are associated with familial vulnerability to BD.MethodsWe obtained functional magnetic resonance imaging data from patients with recently diagnosed BD (n = 85), their unaffected first‐degree relatives (n = 44), and healthy control participants (n = 66) while they were performing a monetary card game. We used a region‐of‐interest approach to test for group differences in the activation of the midbrain, the ventral striatum, and the prefrontal cortex during reward valuation and error prediction.ResultsPatients with BD showed decreased prediction error signal in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the unaffected relatives showed decreased prediction error signal in the supplementary motor area in comparison to healthy controls. There were no significant group differences in the activation of the ventral striatum during the task. In healthy controls, prediction error signal in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex correlated with an out‐of‐scanner measure of motor inhibition but this association was absent in patients and relatives.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that abnormal reward processing in BD is primarily related to deficits in the engagement of prefrontal regions involved in inhibitory control during error prediction. In contrast, deficient activation in supplementary motor cortex involved in planning of movement emerged as a familial vulnerability to BD.