bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven acceleration of photonic simulations
Authors: Trivedi Rahul , Su Logan , Lu Jesse , Schubert Martin F. , Vuckovic Jelena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDesigning modern photonic devices often involves traversing a large parameter space via an optimization procedure, gradient based or otherwise, and typically results in the designer performing electromagnetic simulations of a large number of correlated devices. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of accelerating electromagnetic simulations using the data collected from such correlated simulations. In particular, we present an approach to accelerate the Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRES) algorithm for the solution of frequency-domain Maxwell’s equations using two machine learning models (principal component analysis and a convolutional neural network). These data-driven models are trained to predict a subspace within which the solution of the frequency-domain Maxwell’s equations approximately lies. This subspace is then used for augmenting the Krylov subspace generated during the GMRES iterations, thus effectively reducing the size of the Krylov subspace and hence the number of iterations needed for solving Maxwell’s equations. By training the proposed models on a dataset of wavelength-splitting gratings, we show an order of magnitude reduction (~10–50) in the number of GMRES iterations required for solving frequency-domain Maxwell’s equations.
The Rarity of Depth Refugia from Coral Bleaching Heat Stress in the Western and Central Pacific Islands
Authors: Venegas Roberto M. , Oliver Thomas , Liu Gang , Heron Scott F. , Clark S. Jeanette , Pomeroy Noah , Young Charles , Eakin C. Mark , Brainard Russell E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSome researchers have suggested that corals living in deeper reefs may escape heat stress experienced by shallow corals. We evaluated the potential of deep coral reef refugia from bleaching stress by leveraging a long record of satellite-derived sea surface temperature data with a temporal, spatial, and depth precision of in situ temperature records. We calculated an in situ stress metric using a depth bias-adjusted threshold for 457 coral reef sites among 49 islands in the western and central Pacific Ocean over the period 2001–2017. Analysis of 1,453 heating events found no meaningful depth refuge from heat stress down to 38 m, and no significant association between depth and subsurface heat stress. Further, the surface metric underestimated subsurface stress by an average of 39.3%, across all depths. Combining satellite and in situ temperature data can provide bleaching-relevant heat stress results to avoid misrepresentation of heat stress exposure at shallow reefs.
Prevalence of the Hippo Effectors YAP1/TAZ in Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone
Authors: Isfort Ilka , Elges Sandra , Cyra Magdalene , Berthold Ruth , Renner Marcus , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Åman Pierre , Larsson Olle , Ratner Nancy , Hafner Susanne , Simmet Thomas , Schliemann Christoph , Rossig Claudia , Dirksen Uta , Grünewald Inga , Wardelmann Eva , Huss Sebastian , Hartmann Wolfgang , Trautmann Marcel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTumors of soft tissue and bone represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasias characterized by a wide variety of genetic aberrations. Albeit knowledge on tumorigenesis in mesenchymal tumors is continuously increasing, specific insights on altered signaling pathways as a basis for molecularly targeted therapeutic strategies are still sparse. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of YAP1/TAZ-mediated signals in tumors of soft tissue and bone. Expression levels of YAP1 and TAZ were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of 486 tumor specimens, comprising angiosarcomas (AS), Ewing sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), solitary fibrous tumors, synovial sarcomas (SySa), well-differentiated/dedifferentiated/pleomorphic and myxoid liposarcomas (MLS). Moderate to strong nuclear staining of YAP1 and TAZ was detected in 53% and 33%, respectively. YAP1 nuclear expression was most prevalent in MPNST, SySa and MLS, whereas nuclear TAZ was predominately detected in AS, MLS and MPNST. In a set of sarcoma cell lines, immunoblotting confirmed nuclear localization of YAP1 and TAZ, corresponding to their transcriptionally active pool. Suppression of YAP1/TAZ-TEAD mediated transcriptional activity significantly impaired sarcoma cell viability in vitro and in vivo. Our findings identify nuclear YAP1 and TAZ positivity as a common feature in subsets of sarcomas of soft tissue and bone and provide evidence of YAP1/TAZ-TEAD signaling as a specific liability to be considered as a new target for therapeutic intervention. Nuclear YAP1/TAZ expression may represent a biomarker suited to identify patients that could benefit from YAP1/TAZ-TEAD directed therapeutic approaches within future clinical trials.
Rapid zero-trans kinetics of Cs+ exchange in human erythrocytes quantified by dissolution hyperpolarized 133Cs+ NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kuchel Philip W. , Karlsson Magnus , Lerche Mathilde Hauge , Shishmarev Dmitry , Ardenkjaer-Larsen Jan Henrik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransmembrane flux of Cs+ (a K+ congener) was measured in human red blood cells (RBCs; erythrocytes) on the 10-s time scale. This is the first report on dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with this nuclide in mammalian cells. Four technical developments regularized sample delivery and led to high quality NMR spectra. Cation-free media with the Piezo1 (mechanosensitive cation channel) activator yoda1 maximized the extent of membrane transport. First-order rate constants describing the fluxes were estimated using a combination of statistical methods in Mathematica, including the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. Fluxes were in the range 4–70 μmol Cs+ (L RBC)−1 s−1; these are smaller than for urea, but comparable to glucose. Methodology and analytical procedures developed will be applicable to transmembrane cation transport studies in the presence of additional Piezo1 effectors, to other cellular systems, and potentially in vivo.
Quantitative analysis of the direct piezoelectric response of bismuth ferrite films by scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Kariya Kento , Yoshimura Takeshi , Ujimoto Katsuya , Fujimura Norifumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolarisation domain structure is a microstructure specific to ferroelectrics and plays a role in their various fascinating characteristics. The piezoelectric properties of ferroelectrics are influenced by the domain wall contribution. This study provides a direct observation of the contribution of domain walls to the direct piezoelectric response of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) films, which have been widely studied as lead-free piezoelectrics. To achieve this purpose, we developed a scanning probe microscopy-based measurement technique, termed direct piezoelectric response microscopy (DPRM), to observe the domain structure of BiFeO3 films via the direct piezoelectric response. Quantitative analysis of the direct piezoelectric response obtained by DPRM, detailed analysis of the domain structure by conventional piezoelectric force microscopy, and microscopic characterisation of the direct piezoelectric properties of BiFeO3 films with different domain structures revealed that their direct piezoelectric response is enhanced by the walls between the domains of spontaneous polarisation in the same out-of-plane direction.
Effects of Rate Manipulation on Intelligibility in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Sakash Ashley , Mahr Tristan J. , Natzke Phoebe E. M. , Hustad Katherine C. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
We evaluated the effects of a speech supplementation strategy to reduce rate and improve intelligibility in children with cerebral palsy.

Method

Twenty-five children with cerebral palsy (
M
age
= 12.08 years) completed a structured speaking task in 2 speech conditions: habitual speech and slow speech. Fifteen children had mild intelligibility deficits; 10 had moderate–severe intelligibility deficits. In each condition, children repeated utterances of 2–7 words in length. In the habitual speech condition, children used their natural and unaltered speaking rate. In the slow speech condition, children were cued to insert pauses between words. Intelligibility ratings were obtained from orthographic transcriptions by unfamiliar adult listeners (
n
= 100). Speech rate, in words per minute, was measured for each utterance.

Results
All children, regardless of severity group, were able to reduce their rate of speech when implementing the slow speech strategy. Only children in the moderate–severe group showed an improvement in intelligibility when implementing the slow speech strategy. Although there was considerable individual variability, there was a greater improvement in intelligibility for longer utterances compared to shorter ones.

Conclusion
A slow speech strategy may be beneficial for children with moderate–severe intelligibility deficits who speak in longer utterances. Future studies should seek to further examine the clinical feasibility of slow speech for children with reduced intelligibility.
Clinical Translational Studies of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B
Authors: Hunjan Tia , Abbara Ali 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) are hypothalamic neuropeptides that are vital for reproductive health. An absence of either kisspeptin or NKB signaling results in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and a failure to proceed through puberty. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated potential avenues for the clinical utility of medications that act through these pathways in the assessment and treatment of reproductive disorders. Kisspeptin acts to stimulate hypothalamic gonadotrophic-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin induces gonadotrophin secretion in both healthy men and women, and in women with reproductive disorders such as hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA). Kisspeptin-based treatments hold promise for use during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment; a bolus of kisspeptin-54 induces an LH surge of 12 to 14 hours of duration sufficient to induce oocyte maturation, but with markedly reduced rates of the most significant complication of IVF treatment, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Kisspeptin could also be used chronically to restore reproductive health in patients with functional hypogonadism, such as those with HA. Furthermore, kisspeptin has potential as a diagnostic test of hypothalamic function; a “kisspeptin test” could be used in children with delayed puberty to identify the subset with genetically determined deficits in hypothalamic pathways (congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism [CHH]). In addition to its role in hypothalamic GnRH pulse generation, NKB plays a critical role in the occurrence of one of the most troubling symptoms of the menopause, the “hot flush.” Neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) antagonists are highly effective as treatments for hot flushes in postmenopausal women, with several compounds now in late-phase development. Furthermore, NK3R antagonism leads to a reduction in LH secretion by reducing GnRH pulsatility in the hypothalamus and has been shown to reduce androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (in whom GnRH pulsatility is often increased). In summary, although further detailed evaluation in several clinical settings is ongoing, medications based on kisspeptin and NKB pathways have prodigious potential in the assessment and treatment of reproductive disorders.
Exploring the Viability of NARNIA with Cognitive–Communication Difficulties: A Pilot Study
Authors: Whitworth Anne , Ng Naomi , Timms Lydia , Power Emma 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEveryday discourse is a common context for the difficulties experienced by people with acquired neurogenic communication disorders. While evidence is present for effective manualized interventions that directly improve the discourse skills in aphasia, this remains limited for people with cognitive–communication disorders. This proof of concept study used an in-depth case series approach to trial the NARNIA discourse intervention used successfully in aphasia to explore transferability of the protocol and effectiveness in people with cognitive–communication impairments. Four female participants with mild to moderate cognitive–communication difficulties (mean age: 52.8 years)—two following traumatic brain injury and two following vascular episodes—were recruited. Modifications were made to the protocol to accommodate the participant group. Cognitive-linguistic abilities, self-perceptions of communicative behavior and psychosocial recovery, and repeated discourse measures were assessed pre-, immediately post, and at 4 weeks following intervention, to measure treatment effectiveness. Significant gains were observed in quantity of output, informativeness, and efficiency of information across both everyday and narrative discourse genres for all participants. However, in contrast to previous studies, minimal change was observed in discourse macrostructure elements. Significant improvements were also observed in memory or working memory for two participants. This study provides preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of using an adapted protocol with people with cognitive–communication disorders, highlighting how adaptations may address the cognitive needs of this diverse clinical group.
Role of Viral Agents in Childhood Central Nervous System Infections
Authors: Cosgun Yasemin , Bayrakdar Fatma , Karademirtok Hulya , Atak Tunca , Korukluoglu Gulay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRapid laboratory diagnosis in acute viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS) is important for the direction of treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate viral agents detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples sent to the national virology reference laboratory for the diagnosis of acute CNS viral infection in the 0 to 18 age group. The results of 5,255 CSF samples submitted to the laboratory between January 1, 2009, and February 14, 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. Test results of CSF samples tested with the multiplex real-time PCR panel (Fast Track Diagnostics/Viral Meningitis commercial kit, Luxembourg) kit were evaluated. PCR positivity was detected in 216 (4.11%) of the 5,255 CSF samples tested. The most common agents were enteroviruses 92 (42.6%) and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) 87 (40.2%) while varicella-zoster virus (VZV) 24 (11.1%), mumps virus 10 (4.62%), parechovirus 2 (0.92%), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) 1 (0.46%) were less often identified. Considering the possibility that a wide variety of microorganisms may be agents of CNS infections, the performing of routine laboratory tests with multiple, fast, and reliable nucleic acid tests such as multiplex PCR provides a practical and effective approach. In addition to the identification of agents, retrospective studies of the incidence of agents will shed light on the clinical approaches in terms of the agents to be considered in the preliminary diagnosis. We consider that our results are valuable in terms of the high number of samples examined by the national virology reference laboratory over a 9-year period, and will contribute to clinicians' understanding of the epidemiology of meningitis in our country, and assist in identifying when and how to investigate patients for possible meningitis.
Moving Toward Non-transcription based Discourse Analysis in Stable and Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Dalton Sarah Grace Hudspeth , Hubbard H. Isabel , Richardson Jessica D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMeasurement of communication ability at the discourse level holds promise for predicting how well persons with stable (e.g., stroke-induced), or progressive aphasia navigate everyday communicative interactions. However, barriers to the clinical utilization of discourse measures have persisted. Recent advancements in the standardization of elicitation protocols and the existence of large databases for development of normative references have begun to address some of these barriers. Still, time remains a consistently reported barrier by clinicians. Non-transcription based discourse measurement would reduce the time required for discourse analysis, making clinical utilization a reality. The purpose of this article is to present evidence regarding discourse measures (main concept analysis, core lexicon, and derived efficiency scores) that are well suited to non-transcription based analysis. Combined with previous research, our results suggest that these measures are sensitive to changes following stroke or neurodegenerative disease. Given the evidence, further research specifically assessing the reliability of these measures in clinical implementation is warranted.
The translation of Palestinian prisoners’ cryptic security Arabic terms into English
Authors: Shehab Ekrema , Daragmeh Abdelkarim , Rayyan Iman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study deals with the translation into English of nine cryptic security Arabic terms Palestinian prisoners
have nomenclatured in response to the life conditions in Israeli prisons. These terms were collected from prison literature and
through interviews with five newly-freed Palestinian prisoners who served long terms in Israeli jails. The terms’ functions are
pragmatically explicated, and suitable translations, capturing their pragmatic imports, are offered. The study found that these
terms have drifted from their original semantic usages and acquired new functions prompted by Palestinian prisoners’ needs for
self- and mate-security concerns. In such cases of highly contextualized language usages, the translation options range from those
capturing the form and/or function to those capturing the communicative sense independently.
Uncertainty evaluation in general including simple artificial applications and Monte Carlo uncertainty evaluation
Authors: Wunderli Samuel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A short introduction of the general bottom-up uncertainty evaluation approach according to the ISO-GUM, JCGM 100 was presented [1, 3]. The Monte-Carlo Method (MCM) for the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty was outlined [2]. An application of the Monte-Carlo technique to the standard addition method using a simple excel-spreadsheet was explained in order to encourage the use of this important and powerful approach. A four and a five point standard addition method were compared for different sets of uncertainties of input variables and represented graphically.
Development of optical nanosensors based on dynamic light scattering and fluorescence and detection devices for them
Authors: Sadagov A Yu , Alenichev M K , Drozhzhennikova E B , Yushina A A , Levin A D , Nagaev A I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper shows the research work at VNIIOFI in the field of optical nanosensors based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence. Both nanosensors and diagnostic devices for them were developed.
Detection of synthetic dyes in red wines
Authors: Aprelev A , Davydova E , Smirnov V , Pryadka A , Lavrov E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The falsification of drinks, syrups, extracts and concentrates, as a rule, is of a technological nature and is carried out by diluting, as well as completely or partially replacing natural ingredients with essences, sweeteners, colorants and other additives, including synthetic ones. Painted fruits are distinguished by the presence of anthocyanins - compounds that determine their color and have high antioxidant activity. The paper describe developments of libraries of spectra of artificial dyes used as additives in drinks and food products and of spectra of natural juices (containing anthocyanins) in the wavelength range of the visible part of the spectrum from 400 to 760 nm.
Measurements of sulfur, phosphorus and nickel in biological samples like bovine liver by atomic emission spectroscopy
Authors: Stakheev A A , Stolboushkina T P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The work considers the method of atomic emission spectroscopy, the preparation of laboratory plasticware, the preparation of samples, the parameters of the spectrometer and processing measurement results are given. As confirmation of the correctness of the measurements, the results of the international comparison CCQM-K145 are presented.
Volume Electron Microscopy Study of the Relationship Between Synapses and Astrocytes in the Developing Rat Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Kikuchi Toko , Gonzalez-Soriano Juncal , Kastanauskaite Asta , Benavides-Piccione Ruth , Merchan-Perez Angel , DeFelipe Javier , Blazquez-Llorca Lidia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent years, numerous studies have shown that astrocytes play an important role in neuronal processing of information. One of the most interesting findings is the existence of bidirectional interactions between neurons and astrocytes at synapses, which has given rise to the concept of “tripartite synapses” from a functional point of view. We used focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to examine in 3D the relationship of synapses with astrocytes that were previously labeled by intracellular injections in the rat somatosensory cortex. We observed that a large number of synapses (32%) had no contact with astrocytic processes. The remaining synapses (68%) were in contact with astrocytic processes, either at the level of the synaptic cleft (44%) or with the pre- and/or post-synaptic elements (24%). Regarding synaptic morphology, larger synapses with more complex shapes were most frequently found within the population that had the synaptic cleft in contact with astrocytic processes. Furthermore, we observed that although synapses were randomly distributed in space, synapses that were free of astrocytic processes tended to form clusters. Overall, at least in the developing rat neocortex, the concept of tripartite synapse only seems to be applicable to a subset of synapses.
P167 MINIMALLY-INVASIVE 3-STAGE ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR CANCER WITH COLONIC INTERPOSITION: THE INITIAL EXPERIENCE IN A TERTIARY CENTER
Authors: Vagios Ilias , Syllaios Athanasios , Meropouli Antonia , Zografos Konstantinos , Karydakis Lysandros , Felekouras Evangelos , Charalabopoulos Alexandros , Liakakos Theodore 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aim
First choice for restoration of the gastrointestinal tract after esophagectomy is gastric conduit, however when stomach is unavailable as in history of gastrectomy, concurrent gastric disease or gastric cancer, colon or subsequently jejenum can be used as an esophageal substitute. The aim of this study is to discuss safety, technique and feasibility of colonic interposition, in the era of minimally invasive surgery in a tertiary esophageal centre.

Background & Methods
From 01/09/2018 to 01/06/19, two patients with esophageal cancer underwent Hybrid 3-stage esophagectomy, using the left colon as an esophageal conduit, in our department. Both patients were objected to thoracoscopic esophageal mobilization, in prone position. The patients were then turned to supine position and laparotomy was performed. Colonic conduit was prepared, transferred to the left neck in a posterior mediastinal position and a handsewn oesophagocolonic anastomosis was performed. Clinicopathological outcomes were studied.

Results
Mean operative time was 420 minutes and mean blood loss was 160cc. No intraoperative complications were reported. The mean time of Intensive care unit stay of our patients was 6 days and mean duration of hospital stay was 25 days. Postoperative complications observed was 1 contralateral pneumothorax and 1 ipsilateral pneumonia. R0 resection was achieved in both patients. Mean lymph nodes harvested were 45. Both patients were discharged in good clinical condition.

Conclusion
Hybrid 3-stage esophagectomy with colonic interposition may be a safe and feasible technique when performed in an experienced Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Department Unit.