bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foley catheter vs oral misoprostol for induction of labor: individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Kemper J. I. , Li W. , Goni S. , Flanagan M. , Weeks A. , Alfirevic Z. , Bracken H. , Mundle S. , Goonewardene M. , ten Eikelder M. , Bloemenkamp K. , Rengerink K. O. , Kruit H. , Mol B. W. , Palmer K. R. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and safety of Foley catheter and oral misoprostol for induction of labor (IOL).MethodsThe Cochrane Review on Mechanical Methods for Induction of Labour and Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE via Ovid, Ovid Emcare, CINAHL Plus,
ClinicalTrials.gov and Scopus, from inception to April 2019, were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Foley catheter to oral misoprostol for IOL in viable singleton gestations. Eligible trials for which raw data were obtained were included and individual participant data meta‐analysis was performed. Primary outcomes were vaginal birth, a composite of adverse perinatal outcome (including stillbirth, neonatal death, neonatal seizures, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, severe respiratory compromise or meconium aspiration syndrome) and a composite of adverse maternal outcome (including admission to the intensive care unit, maternal infection, severe postpartum hemorrhage, maternal death or uterine rupture). The quality of the included RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. A two‐stage random‐effects model was used for meta‐analysis according to the intention‐to‐treat principle and interactions between treatment and baseline characteristics were assessed.ResultsOf seven eligible trials, four provided individual participant data for a total of 2815 participants undergoing IOL, of whom 1399 were assigned to Foley catheter and 1416 to oral misoprostol. All four trials provided data for each of the primary outcomes in all 2815 women. Compared with those receiving oral misoprostol, Foley catheter recipients had a slightly decreased chance of vaginal birth (risk ratio (RR), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91–0.99); I2, 2.0%; moderate‐certainty evidence). A trend towards a lower rate of composite adverse perinatal outcome was found in women undergoing IOL using a Foley catheter compared with oral misoprostol (RR, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.48–1.05); I2, 14.9%; low‐certainty evidence). Composite adverse maternal outcome did not differ between the groups (RR, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97–1.03); I2, 0%; moderate‐certainty evidence). Meta‐analyses of effect modifications did not show significant interactions between intervention and parity or gestational age for any of the primary outcomes.ConclusionsFor women undergoing IOL, Foley catheter is less effective than oral misoprostol, as it was associated with fewer vaginal births. However, while we found no significant difference in maternal safety, Foley catheter induction may reduce adverse perinatal outcomes. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A Conceptual Framework for Evidence‐Based Leadership Development Practices
Authors: Soria Krista M. , Johnson Matthew R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors synthesize research on existing leadership development programs and practices, highlight why some practices are more effective in students’ leadership development than others, draw theoretical connections between the most influential practices and students’ leadership development, and offer a broad conceptual framework about evidence‐based practices for students’ leadership development.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Delavari Samaneh , Abolhassani Hassan , Abolnezhadian Farhad , Babaha Fateme , Iranparast Sara , Ahanchian Hamid , Moazzen Nasrin , Nabavi Mohammad , Arshi Saba , Fallahpour Morteza , Bemanian Mohammad Hassan , Shokri Sima , Momen Tooba , Sadeghi-Shabestari Mahnaz , Molatefi Rasol , Shirkani Afshin , Vosughimotlagh Ahmad , Safarirad Molood , Sharifzadeh Meisam , Pashangzadeh Salar , Salami Fereshte , Shirmast Paniz , Rezaei Arezou , Moeini Shad Tannaz , Mohraz Minoo , Rezaei Nima , Hammarström Lennart , Yazdani Reza , Aghamohamamdi Asghar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough it is estimated that COVID-19 life-threatening conditions may be diagnosed in less than 1:1000 infected individuals below the age of 50, but the real impact of this pandemic on pediatric patients with different types of primary immunodeficiency (PID) is not elucidated. The current prospective study on a national registry of PID patients showed that with only 1.23 folds higher incidence of infections, these patients present a 10-folds higher mortality rate compared to population mainly in patients with combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation. Therefore, further management modalities against COVID-19 should be considered to improve the survival rate in these two PID entities using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunomodulatory agents.
Atmospheric Dynamics of Hot Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
Authors: Showman Adam P. , Tan Xianyu , Parmentier Vivien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGroundbased and spacecraft telescopic observations, combined with an intensive modeling effort, have greatly enhanced our understanding of hot giant planets and brown dwarfs over the past ten years. Although these objects are all fluid, hydrogen worlds with stratified atmospheres overlying convective interiors, they exhibit an impressive diversity of atmospheric behavior. Hot Jupiters are strongly irradiated, and a wealth of observations constrain the day-night temperature differences, circulation, and cloudiness. The intense stellar irradiation, presumed tidal locking and modest rotation leads to a novel regime of strong day-night radiative forcing. Circulation models predict large day-night temperature differences, global-scale eddies, patchy clouds, and, in most cases, a fast eastward jet at the equator—equatorial superrotation. The warm Jupiters lie farther from their stars and are not generally tidally locked, so they may exhibit a wide range of rotation rates, obliquities, and orbital eccentricities, which, along with the weaker irradiation, leads to circulation patterns and observable signatures predicted to differ substantially from hot Jupiters. Brown dwarfs are typically isolated, rapidly rotating worlds; they radiate enormous energy fluxes into space and convect vigorously in their interiors. Their atmospheres exhibit patchiness in clouds and temperature on regional to global scales—the result of modulation by large-scale atmospheric circulation. Despite the lack of irradiation, such circulations can be driven by interaction of the interior convection with the overlying atmosphere, as well as self-organization of patchiness due to cloud-dynamical-radiative feedbacks. Finally, irradiated brown dwarfs help to bridge the gap between these classes of objects, experiencing intense external irradiation as well as vigorous interior convection. Collectively, these diverse objects span over six orders of magnitude in intrinsic heat flux and incident stellar flux, and two orders of magnitude in rotation rate—thereby placing strong constraints on how the circulation of giant planets (broadly defined) depend on these parameters. A hierarchy of modeling approaches have yielded major new insights into the dynamics governing these phenomena.
Geo-seismic model for petroleum plays an assessment of the Zamzama area, Southern Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Akram , Ghazi Shahid , Riaz Muhammad , Ahmad Shakeel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeismic as well as structural techniques were exploited to elucidate the subsurface structure of the Zamzama area that directly led to petroleum system. Zamzama gas field is located in the Kirthar Foredeep, southern Indus Basin, Pakistan. The current research is based on data scrutinized systematically through eight seismic lines (796-JH-01, 02, 03, 07, 10, GHPK-98A-32, 34 and 40) and three wells (Zamzama-02, 03 and 05) drilled in the Zamzama field. Seismic interpretation reveals that Tertiary and Cretaceous sequence is deformed by transpressive tectonics, and a reverse fault is located from 400 to 3400 ms deep on the vertical seismic section. The hanging wall moves up along the fault plane under the action of eastward directed stress as a result an extensive North–South oriented and eastward verging thrusted anticline is formed. Stratigraphically, area encompasses well-developed Mesozoic–Cenozoic sequence. The Late Cretaceous Pab Formation is well-known primary hydrocarbon reservoir capped by the shale of the Paleocene Ranikot Formation that acts as a regional seal rock. The Jurassic and Cretaceous shales of the Sember and Goru formations are substantiated as main source rocks. The execution and portrayal of seismic and subsurface geological data provide the clues that area contains appropriate petroleum play potential. Present study suggests a worthwhile regional geo-seismic model that might be significant for future exploration in the Kirther Foredeep and adjacent areas.
Application of seismic stratigraphy in reservoir characterisation: a case study of the passive margin deposits of the northern Orange Basin, South Africa
Authors: Samakinde Chris Adesola , Van Bever Donker Jan Marinus , Durrheim Ray , Manzi Musa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Barremian-Cenozoic depositional sequences in the northern Orange Basin, SW, South Africa, were investigated using the principles of seismic stratigraphy to understand the interplay of tectonics and sedimentary processes in the distribution of potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. A seismic stratigraphic workflow (seismic sequence, seismic facies and lithofacies analysis) was completed by utilising three seismic lines (L1, L2 and L3) tied to Wireline data (gamma, checkshots and sonic) in two exploration wells (A1 and A2). Seven depositional sequences were mapped followed by the creation of lithofacies log interpreted from the gamma-ray log (GR) by setting maximum GR value at 60 API for Sandstone, 60–100 API for Siltstone and above 100 API for Shale. Six seismic facies units are recognised based on internal geometry and configurations of the seismic reflectors; Tangential-Oblique (SF1), Hummocky (SF2), Wavy-Parallel (SF3), Chaotic (SF4), Sub-parallel/parallel (SF5) and Divergent (SF6). SF4 is dominant within the Barremian-Aptian sequence and expressed in an incised valley fill, suggesting mass transport deposition accompanied by strong hydrodynamic conditions. Evidence of sedimentary basins progradation is seen within the Late-Albian-Turonian sequences, because of the occurrences of SF2, SF6 and SF 4 facies. SF5 facies is prominent in the Maastrichtian/Campanian sequence, indicating that the deposition of sediments may have been accompanied by uniform margin subsidence after the Late-Cretaceous uplift of the Africa margin. The occurrence of SF1 and SF4 facies within the Cenozoic sequence indicates terrigenous pro-deltaic deposits and mass transport deposits, respectively. Further results from seismic-lithofacies modelling reveal that sand deposits of Barremian-Aptian (SF4 facies unit) and Albian sequences (SF2 and SF6 facies units) are potential stratigraphic reservoirs in this part of the basin.
The modern tontine
Authors: Weinert Jan-Hendrik , Gründl Helmut 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigate whether a historical pension concept, the tontine, yields enough innovative potential to extend and improve the prevailing privately funded pension solutions in a modern way. The tontine basically generates an age-increasing cash flow, which can help to match the increasing financing needs at old ages. In contrast to traditional pension products, however, the tontine generates volatile cash flows, which means that the insurance character of the tontine cannot be guaranteed in every situation. By employing Multi Cumulative Prospect Theory (MCPT) we answer the question to what extent tontines can be a complement to or a substitute for traditional annuities. We find that it is only optimal to invest in tontines for a certain range of initial wealth. In addition, we investigate in how far the tontine size, the volatility of individual liquidity needs and expected mortality rates contribute to the demand for tontines.
Using electronic AKI alerts to define the epidemiology of acute kidney injury in renal transplants
Authors: Jones Aled , Holmes Jennifer , Stephens Michael , Geen John , Williams John , Donovan Kieron , Phillips Aled O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Little is known regarding the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) on renal transplant outcome. Our aim was to define the incidence and outcome of AKI in renal transplant patients using data collected from a national AKI electronic alert system

Methods
The study represents a prospective national cohort study collecting data on 1224 renal transplants recipients with a functioning renal transplant, between April 2015 and March 2019.

Results
Four hundred forty patients experienced at least one episode of AKI giving an incidence rate of 35.4%. Sixty-four point seven% of episodes were AKI stage 1, 7.3% AKI stage 2 and 28% AKI stage 3. Only 6.2% of episodes occurred in the context of rejection. Forty-three point five% of AKI episodes were associated with sepsis. AKI was associated with pre-existing renal dysfunction, and a primary renal diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. AKI was more prevalent in recipients from a donor after cardiac death (26.4% vs. 21.4%, p < 0.05) compared to the non-AKI cohort. Following AKI, 30-day mortality was 19.8% and overall mortality was 34.8%, compared to 8.4% in the non AKI cohort (RR 4.06, 95% CI 3.1–5.3, p < 0.001). Graft survival (GS), and death censored graft survival (DCGS) censored at 4 years, in the AKI cohort were significantly lower than in the non AKI group (p < 0.0001 for GS and DCGS).

Conclusion
The study provides a detailed characterisation of AKI in renal transplant recipients highlighting its significant negative impact on patient and graft survival.
Trends and influencing factors of plasma folate levels in Chinese women at mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy and lactation periods
Authors: Zhou Yu-Bo , Si Ke-Yi , Li Hong-Tian , Li Xiu-Cui , Meng Ying , Liu Jian-Meng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFolate status for women during early pregnancy has been investigated, but data for women during mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy or lactation are sparse or lacking. Between May and July 2014, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 1211 pregnant and lactating women from three representative regions in China. Approximately 135 women were enrolled in each stratum by physiological periods (mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy or lactation) and regions (south, central or north). Plasma folate concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. The adjusted medians of folate concentration decreased from 28·8 (interquartile range (IQR) 19·9, 38·2) nmol/l in mid-pregnancy to 18·6 (IQR 13·2, 26·4) nmol/l in late pregnancy, and to 17·0 (IQR 12·3, 22·5) nmol/l in lactation (Pfor trend < 0·001). Overall, lower folate concentrations were more likely to be observed in women residing in the northern region, with younger age, higher pre-pregnancy BMI, lower education or multiparity, and in lactating women who had undergone a Caesarean delivery or who were breastfeeding exclusively. In total, 380 (31·4 %) women had a suboptimal folate status (folate concentration <13·5 nmol/l). Women in late pregnancy and lactating, residing in the northern region, having multiparity and low education level had a higher risk of suboptimal folate status, while those with older age had a lower risk. In conclusion, maternal plasma folate concentrations decreased as pregnancy progressed, and were influenced by geographic region and maternal socio-demographic characteristics. Future studies are warranted to assess the necessity of folic acid supplementation during later pregnancy and lactation especially for women at a higher risk of folate depletion.
Differences in native and introduced chalcid parasitoid communities recruited by the invasive chestnut pest Dryocosmus kuriphilus in two Iberian territories
Authors: Gil-Tapetado D. , Cabrero-Sañudo F.J. , Gómez J.F. , Askew R.R. , Nieves-Aldrey J.L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is a global invasive gall wasp and a pest of chestnuts (Castanea spp.). A study of the Chalcidoidea parasitoid community of D. kuriphilus was undertaken over two years, from March 2017 to March 2019, at 15 sites in south and northwest Spain (Málaga and Galicia regions). More than 18,000 galls were collected, and 1153 parasitoids belonging to 22 species of seven chalcidoid families, plus two individuals of an inquiline Cynipidae, Synergus facialis, emerged. Richness was higher in the Málaga region, with 20 species, while 17 parasitoids and one inquiline were identified in Galicia. The parasitism rate of native chalcid parasitoid species in both regions was low. Eupelmus urozonus and Mesopolobus lichtensteini were the most abundant native species. Mesopolobus tibialis was a dominant species in south Spain, while Ormyrus pomaceus was a dominant species in northwest Spain. Our results revealed the existence of a sub-community of univoltine, probably host specialized, parasitoids in south Spain, which overwinter in galls, exhibiting a similar life cycle to Torymus sinensis. These species were Torymus notatus, Aulogymnus bicolor, Aulogymnus obscuripes and Aulogymnus balani. Data on the recovery of T. sinensis after release in the south Spain region show it to be well established, but its numbers are still low in northwest Spain.
Transmission networks and ectoparasite mite burdens in Oecomys paricola (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Fernandes Fernanda Rodrigues , da Silva Abreu Somayra , Cruz Leonardo Dominici 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe host contact network structure results from the movement and behaviour of hosts (e.g. degree of sociability; vagility and greater or lesser fidelity of shelters), which can generate heterogeneity in the transmission of parasites and influence the parasitic burden of individual hosts. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the burdens of Gigantolaelaps oudemansi mites are related to the characteristics of the transmission networks of individuals of Oecomys paricola, a solitary rodent. The study was carried out in a savannah habitat in north-eastern Brazil. In the dry season, the rodent network presented sub-groups of rodent individuals interacting with each other, whereas in the wet season, no modules were formed in the network. Mite burden was positively related to the number of connections that an individual host had with other host individuals in the dry season. The pairwise absolute difference between the mean mite burdens among individual rodents was negatively correlated with the similarities of node interactions. No relationships were observed during the wet season. There was a higher heterogeneity of mite burden among hosts in the dry season compare to that in the wet season. In solitary species, spatial organization may show seasonal variation, causing a change in the opportunities of host contacts, thereby influencing the transmission and dispersion of their ectoparasite burdens.
Harnessing Erebus volcano's thermal energy to power year-round monitoring
Authors: Peters Nial J. , Oppenheimer Clive , Jones Bryn , Rose Michael , Kyle Philip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractYear-round monitoring of Erebus volcano (Ross Island) has proved challenging due to the difficulties of maintaining continuous power for scientific instruments, especially through the Antarctic winter. We sought a potential solution involving the harvesting of thermal energy dissipated close to the summit crater of the volcano in a zone of diffuse hot gas emissions. We designed, constructed and tested a power generator based on the Seebeck effect, converting thermal energy to electrical power, which could, in principle, be used to run monitoring devices year round. We report here on the design of the generator and the results of an 11 day trial deployment on Erebus volcano in December 2014. The generator produced a mean output power of 270 mW, although we identified some technical issues that had impaired its efficiency. Nevertheless, this is already sufficient power for some monitoring equipment and, with design improvements, such a generator could provide a viable solution to powering a larger suite of instrumentation.
The Atmospheric Drivers of the Major Saharan Dust Storm in June 2020
Authors: Francis Diana , Fonseca Ricardo , Nelli Narendra , Cuesta Juan , Weston Michael , Evan Amato , Temimi Marouane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the atmospheric dynamics of the major dust storm that occurred in June 2020 over the Sahara and during which dust clouds associated with the highest‐on‐record aerosol optical depths were transported toward the America. An anomalous atmospheric circulation pattern in the mid‐latitudes, linked to a circumglobal wavetrain, resulted in the development of a subtropical high‐pressure system to the west of the Saharan heat low. This created a pressure dipole and generated anomalously strong northeasterlies over the Sahara, which caused continuous dust emissions over 4 days. Occurring along the northern fringes of the intertropical discontinuity, the dust was transported to higher altitudes (6 km) by the strong updraft in this region. This injected the dust at the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) altitudes and favored a rapid westward long‐range transport. The AEJ was also anomalously strong, being strengthened by the anticyclonic circulation associated with the anomalous high.
Testing the Organization of Lower‐Band Whistler‐Mode Chorus Wave Properties by Plasmapause Location
Authors: Malaspina David M. , Jaynes Allison N. , Elkington Scot , Chan Anthony , Hospodarsky George , Wygant John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLower‐band whistler‐mode chorus waves are important to the dynamics of Earth's radiation belts, playing a key role in accelerating seed population electrons (hundreds of keV) to relativistic (>1 MeV) energies, and in scattering electrons such that they precipitate into the atmosphere. When constructing and using statistical models of lower‐band whistler‐mode chorus wave power, it is commonly assumed that wave power is spatially distributed with respect to magnetic L‐shell. At the same time, these waves are known to drop in power at the plasmapause, a cold plasma boundary which is dynamic in time and space relative to L‐shell. This study organizes wave power and propagation direction data with respect to distance from the plasmapause location to evaluate what role the location of the plasmapause may play in defining the spatial distribution of lower‐band whistler‐mode chorus wave power. It is found that characteristics of the statistical spatial distribution of equatorial lower‐band whistler‐mode chorus are determined by L‐shell and are largely independent of plasmapause location. The primary physical importance of the plasmapause is to act as an Earthward boundary to lower‐band whistler‐mode chorus wave activity. This behavior is consistent with an equatorial lower‐band whistler‐mode chorus wave power spatial distribution that follows the L‐shell organization of the particles driving wave growth.