bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Anything that Causes Chaos”: The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT)
Authors: Elswah Mona , Howard Philip N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
RT (formerly, Russia Today) is one of the most important organizations in the global political economy of disinformation. It is the most richly funded, well-staffed, formal organization in the world producing, disseminating, and marketing news in the service of the Kremlin. It is an agency accused of many things, but little is known about all the creative work involved in financing, governing, training, and motivating RT’s activities. To understand more about the production of political news and information by RT, we investigate its organizational behavior through in-depth interviews of current and former staff. Our data show that RT is an opportunist channel that is used as an instrument of state defense policy to meddle in the politics of other states. The channel has been established in the shadows of the Soviet media system and its organizational behavior is characterized by Soviet-style controls.
Differences in Genomic Alterations Between Brain Metastases and Primary Tumors
Authors: Dono Antonio , Takayasu Takeshi , Yan Yuanqing , Bundrant Bethany E , Arevalo Octavio , Lopez-Garcia Carlos A , Esquenazi Yoshua , Ballester Leomar Y 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBrain metastases (BMs) occur in ∼1/3 of cancer patients and are associated with poor prognosis. Genomic alterations contribute to BM development; however, mutations that predispose and promote BM development are poorly understood.OBJECTIVETo identify differences in genomic alterations between BM and primary tumors.METHODSA retrospective cohort of 144 BM patients were tested for genomic alterations (85 lung, 21 breast, 14 melanoma, 4 renal, 4 colon, 3 prostate, 4 others, and 9 unknown carcinomas) by a next-generation sequencing assay interrogating 315 genes. The differences in genomic alterations between BM and primary tumors from COSMIC and TCGA were evaluated by chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Overall survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTSThe comparison of BM and primary tumors revealed genes that were mutated in BM with increased frequency:TP53, ATR, andAPC(lung adenocarcinoma);ARID1AandFGF10(lung small-cell);PIK3CG, NOTCH3, andTET2(lung squamous);ERBB2, BRCA2, andAXL1(breast carcinoma);CDKN2A/B, PTEN, RUNX1T1, AXL, andFLT4(melanoma); andATM, AR, CDKN2A/B, TERT, andTSC1(renal clear-cell carcinoma). Moreover, our results indicate that lung adenocarcinoma BM patients withCREBBP, GPR124, orSPTA1mutations have a worse prognosis. Similarly,ERBB2, CDK12, orTP53mutations are associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer BM patients.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrates significant differences in the frequency of mutations between primary tumors and BM and identifies targetable alterations and genes that correlate with prognosis. Identifying the genomic alterations that are enriched in metastatic central nervous system tumors could help our understanding of BM development and improve patient management.
An Effort Worth Making: A Qualitative Study of How Swedes Respond to Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Ancillotti Mirko , Eriksson Stefan , Godskesen Tove , Andersson Dan I , Nihlén Fahlquist Jessica 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the alarming rise of antibiotic resistance, medically unwarranted use of antibiotics has assumed new moral significance. In this paper, a thematic content analysis of focus group discussions was conducted to explore lay people’s views on the moral challenges posed by antibiotic resistance. The most important finding is that lay people are morally sensitive to the problems entailed by antibiotic resistance. Participants saw the decreasing availability of effective antibiotics as a problem of justice. This involves individual as well as collective moral responsibility. Yet, holding agents responsible for their use of antibiotics involves varying degrees of demandingness. In our discussion, these findings are related to the contemporary ethical debate on antibiotic resistance and two proposals for the preservation of antibiotic effectiveness are compared to and evaluated against participants’ views.
NHS Health Check Programme: a qualitative study of prison experience
Authors: Williams Marie , Thomson Louise , Butcher Elizabeth , Morriss Richard , Khunti Kamlesh , Packham Chris 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
NHS Health Checks began in England in 2009 and were subsequently introduced into English prisons. Uptake has been patchy and there is limited understanding about factors that may limit or enhance uptake in prison settings. Uptake of this programme is a key policy in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in these settings.

Method
Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with groups of prisoners (attendees and non-attendees to the health check), prison healthcare staff, custodial staff and ex-prisoners (n = 50). Participants were asked about their awareness and experiences of the NHS Health Check Programme in prison.

Results
All groups highlighted barriers for not attending a health check appointment, such as poor accessibility to the healthcare department, stigma and fear. The majority of participants expressed a lack of awareness and discussed common misconceptions regarding the health check programme. Methods of increasing the uptake of health checks through group-based approaches and accessibility to healthcare were suggested.

Conclusions
This study reports on prisoner, staff and ex-prisoner perspectives on the implementation of NHS Health Checks within a restrictive prison environment. These findings have potentially substantial implications for successful delivery of care within offender healthcare services.
Different treatment options for Takayasu arteritis patients with moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation: long-term outcomes
Authors: Cheng Xuesen , Li Zuozhi , Dang Aimin , Lv Naqiang , Chang Qian , Song Yunhu , Liu Guozhang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prognosis of Takayasu arteritis (TA) patients with moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation treated with surgical vs conservative treatment and to identify independent prognostic factors of long-term outcomes.

Methods
Between January 2002 and January 2017, 101 consecutive TA patients with moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation treated with either surgical (n = 38) or conservative (n = 63) treatments were investigated in this retrospective observational case–control study. The primary end point was all-cause mortality, and the secondary end point comprised the combined end points of death, non-fatal stroke and cardiac events (non-fatal myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure). Propensity score matching was used to reduce the bias of baseline risk factors.

Results
The unadjusted all-cause 10-year mortality in the conservative group was increased compared with the surgical group (28.2% vs 7.4%; log-rank P = 0.036), and the combined end points showed the same trend (52.1% vs 25.3%; log-rank P = 0.005). After an adjustment of baseline risk factors, the conservative treatment was associated with reduced survival rates of both all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 8.243; 95% CI: 1.069, 63.552; P = 0.007] and combined end points (HR: 6.341; 95% CI: 1.469, 27.375; P = 0.002). Conservative treatment (HR: 3.838, 95% CI: 1.333, 11.053; P = 0.013) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (HR: 1.036, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.071; P = 0.042) were risk factors for increased combined end points.

Conclusion
Surgical treatment improves the outcomes of patients with moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation due to TA. The dilated left ventricle indicated a worse prognosis.
Recommendations for rheumatology ultrasound training and practice in the UK
Authors: Atchia Ismaël , Brown Andrew K , Chitale Sarang , Ciechomska Anna , Estrach Cristina , Karim Zunaid , Wakefield Richard J ,   for the British Society for Rheumatology Ultrasound Special Interest Group (BSRUSSIG), Ahmed Tazeen , Chaudhuri Kaushik , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Dahiya Sandeep , Earl Susie , Filer Andrew , Garood Toby , Hall Alison , Mascarenhas Ravik , Platt Phil , Sahbudin Ilfita , Srinivasan Venkatachelam , Taggart Allister , Thompson Robert , Wong Ernest 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this paper is to present a UK-based consensus of principles and recommendations to guide rheumatology US training and practice.

Method
A Delphi process was conducted involving 19 US experts representing each of the 14 regions of the UK. A working group of experienced British Society for Rheumatology Ultrasound Special Interest Group (BSRUSSIG) members made seven proposals that were presented to the whole group for further discussion. This resulted in minor modifications and seven preliminary recommendations. Members were then asked to anonymously agree or disagree with each recommendation using an electronic ballot. A threshold of 75% was used to determine consensus agreement. Results were collated by an independent chairperson and presented to the BSRUSSIG in a face to face meeting where agreement for each recommendation was ratified and an action plan agreed for dissemination of the results and future development work.

Results
Using a validated process, experts in rheumatology US have worked through an iterative process and have unanimously agreed seven recommendations for rheumatology training and practice. These cover a hierarchy of practice indications, education and training, including the need for practitioners to demonstrate lifelong learning, as well as a commitment to support mentors and trainers through the BSRUSSIG.

Conclusion
These are the first specific education and practice recommendations for rheumatology US in the UK and have been developed and endorsed by the BSRUSSIG. We intend that these proposals will help to support and validate rheumatology US practice and inform the development of future rheumatology training curricula and education programmes.
PsART-ID inception cohort: clinical characteristics, treatment choices and outcomes of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Ayan Gizem , Aydin Sibel Zehra , Kimyon Gezmis , Ozisler Cem , Tinazzi Ilaria , Dogru Atalay , Omma Ahmet , Kilic Levent , Yılmaz Sema , Kucuksahin Orhan , Gönüllü Emel , Yıldız Fatih , Can Meryem , Balkarlı Ayşe , Solmaz Dilek , Dalkılıc Ediz , Bayindir Ozun , Yıldırım Çetin Gözde , Ergulu Esmen Serpil , Ersozlu Emine Duygu , Duruoz Mehmet Tuncay , Akyol Lütfi , Kucuk Adem , Bes Cemal , Cınar Muhammet , Erden Abdulsamet , Mercan Rıdvan , Bakirci Sibel , Kasifoglu Timucin , Yazısız Veli , Kalyoncu Umut 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesOur aim is to understand clinical characteristics, real-life treatment strategies, outcomes of early PsA patients and determine the differences between the inception and established PsA cohorts.MethodsPsArt-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis- International Database) is a multicentre registry. From that registry, patients with a diagnosis of PsA up to 6 months were classified as the inception cohort (n==388). Two periods were identified for the established cohort: Patients with PsA diagnosis within 5–10 years (n = 328), ≥10 years (n = 326). Demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, outcomes were determined for the inception cohort and compared with the established cohorts.ResultsThe mean (s.d.) age of the inception cohort was 44.7 (13.3) and 167/388 (43.0%) of the patients were male. Polyarticular and mono-oligoarticular presentations were comparable in the inception and established cohorts. Axial involvement rate was higher in the cohort of patients with PsA ≥10 years compared with the inception cohort (34.8% vs 27.7%). As well as dactylitis and nail involvement (P = 0.004, P = 0.001 respectively). Both enthesitis, deformity rates were lower in the inception cohort. Overall, 13% of patients in the inception group had a deformity. MTX was the most commonly prescribed treatment for all cohorts with 10.7% of the early PsA patients were given anti-TNF agents after 16 months.ConclusionThe real-life experience in PsA patients showed no significant differences in the disease pattern rates except for the axial involvement. The dactylitis, nail involvement rates had increased significantly after 10 years from the diagnosis and the enthesitis, deformity had an increasing trend over time.
Disrupted Intersubject Variability Architecture in Functional Connectomes in Schizophrenia
Authors: Sun Xiaoyi , Liu Jin , Ma Qing , Duan Jia , Wang Xindi , Xu Yuehua , Xu Zhilei , Xu Ke , Wang Fei , Tang Yanqing , He Yong , Xia Mingrui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly heterogeneous disorder with remarkable intersubject variability in clinical presentations. Previous neuroimaging studies in SCZ have primarily focused on identifying group-averaged differences in the brain connectome between patients and healthy controls (HCs), largely neglecting the intersubject differences among patients. We acquired whole-brain resting-state functional MRI data from 121 SCZ patients and 183 HCs and examined the intersubject variability of the functional connectome (IVFC) in SCZ patients and HCs. Between-group differences were determined using permutation analysis. Then, we evaluated the relationship between IVFC and clinical variables in SCZ. Finally, we used datasets of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) to assess the specificity of IVFC alteration in SCZ. The whole-brain IVFC pattern in the SCZ group was generally similar to that in HCs. Compared with the HC group, the SCZ group exhibited higher IVFC in the bilateral sensorimotor, visual, auditory, and subcortical regions. Moreover, altered IVFC was negatively correlated with age of onset, illness duration, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores and positively correlated with clinical heterogeneity. Although the SCZ shared altered IVFC in the visual cortex with BD and MDD, the alterations of IVFC in the sensorimotor, auditory, and subcortical cortices were specific to SCZ. The alterations of whole-brain IVFC in SCZ have potential implications for the understanding of the high clinical heterogeneity of SCZ and the future individualized clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
CE: From the CDC: Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Christensen Deborah , Zubler Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition characterized by impaired social communication as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. It is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder because it is associated with neurologic changes that may begin in prenatal or early postnatal life, alters the typical pattern of child development, and produces chronic signs and symptoms that usually manifest in early childhood and have potential long-term consequences. In past decades, autism was conceptualized as a strictly defined set of behaviors, usually accompanied by intellectual impairment. Today, it is recognized as a spectrum, ranging from mild to severe, in which behaviors vary substantially and the majority of children who fall on the spectrum have average to above average intellectual ability. Here, the authors discuss the risk factors for ASD, its epidemiology, common concurrent conditions, evaluation, diagnosis, treatments, and outcomes.
Diagnostic Role of Flexion-extension Central Motor Conduction Time in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Park Dougho , Kim Byung Hee , Cho Jae Man , Yang Joong Won , Yang Dong Hoon , Kim Man Su , Kwon Heum Dai , Lee Sang-Eok 
Published: September 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective study

Objective.
The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic usefulness of flexion-extension central motor conduction time
(CMCT) for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Summary of Background Data.
Previous reports have suggested that cervical cord compression can be aggravated by neck motions. Thus, the importance of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been emphasized. However, authors of this study found no reports conducted at the time of this research on whether flexion-extension CMCT was useful for detecting myelopathy.

Methods.
We enrolled 227 patients with CSM for this study. We acquired CMCT recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. All patients underwent a dynamic CMCT study during neck flexion and extension as well as a static study during neutral neck. Static and dynamic MRIs were also scanned. We read all MR images using Muhle classification (MC).

Results.
CMCT was significantly delayed with flexion (P < 0.01) and extension (P < 0.01) compared to neutral neck position. Patients with MC grade 1 and 2 showed significant lag in CMCT during flexion and extension. No significant lag by neck motion was observed for those in the MC grade 3. We also evaluated the amount of CMCT variation according to MC grade change (G0, G1, G2) by neck motion. Delta-CMCT of both G1 and G2 were significantly larger than those of G0 in both flexion and extension. In neutral neck, the CMCT showed significant difference between MC grades 1 and 3. They also displayed significant delay with delay with high signal intensity on T2 MRI. More than one-third of the patients whose CMCT was within normal range in neutral neck presented abnormal CMCT in neck flexion (35.3%) and extension (37.8%).

Conclusion.
CMCT is significantly slower in both neck flexion and neck extension than in the neutral neck position. These findings reflect the dynamic cervical cord impingement.

Level of Evidence: 4
One Year Outcomes From a Prospective Multicenter Investigation Device Trial of a Novel Conformal Mesh Interbody Fusion Device
Authors: Driver Joseph , Huang Kevin T. , Krag Martin , Bydon Mohamad , Nunley Pierce , Lavoie Stephane , Lu Yi , Stone Marcus , Chi John H. 
Published: September 2020

Study Design.
A prospective multicenter investigational device exempt trial is underway evaluating a novel conformable mesh interbody fusion device in subjects undergoing single-level fusion for degenerative disc disease. Patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were offered enrollment. There is no comparative group in this study.

Objective.
Establish the short and long-term safety and effectiveness of a novel conformable mesh interbody fusion device in subjects undergoing single-level fusion for degenerative disc disease unresponsive to conservative care.

Summary of Background Data.
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion remains a critical procedure for patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease. Increasingly minimally invasive techniques have been proposed to minimize muscle dissection and tissue damage with the goal of minimizing pain and length of stay.

Methods.
One hundred two subjects were enrolled across 10 sites. Ninety nine subjects remained available for follow-up at 12-months. Physical evaluations/imaging were performed serially through 12-months. Validated assessment tools included 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for function, and computerized tomography scan for fusion. Independent committees were used to identify adverse events and for assessment of radiographic fusion.

Results.
Reductions in low back pain (LBP)/leg pain and improvements in functional status occur early and are maintained through 12-month follow-up. Mean VAS-LBP change from baseline to 6-weeks post-op (–46 mm) continued to improve through 12 months (–51 mm). Similar trends were observed for leg pain. Mean ODI change from baseline to 6 weeks post-op (–17) was almost doubled by 12 months (–32). Fusion rates at 12-months are high (98%). No device-related serious adverse events have occurred.

Conclusion.
12-month outcomes demonstrated excellent patient compliance and positive outcomes for pain, function, fusion, and device safety. Clinical improvements were observed by 6-weeks post-op and appear durable up to 1 year later. A novel mesh interbody device may provide an alternative means of interbody fusion that reduces connective tissue disruption.

Level of Evidence: 3
A Multidisciplinary Spine Surgical Indications Conference Leads to Alterations in Surgical Plans in a Significant Number of Cases
Authors: Benton Joshua A. , Mowrey Wenzhu B. , Ramos Rafael De La Garza , Weiss Brandon T. , Gelfand Yaroslav , Castro-Rivas Erida , Williams Lavinia , Headlam Mark , Udemba Adaobi , Gitkind Andrew I. , Krystal Jonathan D. , Cho Woojin , Kinon Merritt D. , Yassari Reza , Yanamadala Vijay 
Published: September 2020

Study Design.
Case series.

Objective.
To evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary spine surgery indications conference (MSSIC) on surgical planning for elective spine surgeries.

Summary of Background Data.
Identifying methods for pairing the proper patient with the optimal intervention is of the utmost importance for improving spine care and patient outcomes. Prior studies have evaluated the utility of multidisciplinary spine conferences for patient management, but none have evaluated the impact of a MSSIC on surgical planning and decision making.

Methods.
We implemented a mandatory weekly MSSIC with all spine surgeons at our institution. Each elective spine surgery in the upcoming week is presented. Subsequently, a group consensus decision is achieved regarding the best treatment option based on the expertise and opinions of the participating surgeons. We reviewed cases presented at the MSSIC from September 2019 to December 2019. We compared the surgeon's initial proposed surgery for a patient with the conference attendees’ consensus decision on the best treatment and measured compliance rates with the group's recommended treatment.

Results.
The conference reviewed 100 patients scheduled for elective spine surgery at our indications conference during the study period. Surgical plans were recommended for alteration in 19 cases (19%) with the proportion statistically significant from zero indicated by a binomial test (P < 0.001). The median absolute change in the invasiveness index of the altered procedures was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–4). Participating surgeons complied with the group's recommendation in 96.5% of cases.

Conclusion.
In conjunction with other multidisciplinary methods, MSSICs can lead to surgical planning alterations in a significant number of cases. This could potentially result in better selection of surgical candidates and procedures for particular patients. Although long-term patient outcomes remain to be evaluated, this care model will likely play an integral role in optimizing the care spine surgeons provide patients.

Level of Evidence: 4