bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglia Actively Remodel Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis through the Phagocytosis Secretome
Authors: Diaz-Aparicio Irune , Paris Iñaki , Sierra-Torre Virginia , Plaza-Zabala Ainhoa , Rodríguez-Iglesias Noelia , Márquez-Ropero Mar , Beccari Sol , Huguet Paloma , Abiega Oihane , Alberdi Elena , Matute Carlos , Bernales Irantzu , Schulz Angela , Otrokocsi Lilla , Sperlagh Beata , Happonen Kaisa E. , Lemke Greg , Maletic-Savatic Mirjana , Valero Jorge , Sierra Amanda 
Published: January 2020

During adult hippocampal neurogenesis, most newborn cells undergo apoptosis and are rapidly phagocytosed by resident microglia to prevent the spillover of intracellular contents. Here, we propose that phagocytosis is not merely passive corpse removal but has an active role in maintaining neurogenesis. First, we found that neurogenesis was disrupted in male and female mice chronically deficient for two phagocytosis pathways: the purinergic receptor P2Y12, and the tyrosine kinases of the TAM family Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK)/Axl. In contrast, neurogenesis was transiently increased in mice in which MerTK expression was conditionally downregulated. Next, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of the changes induced by phagocytosis in microgliain vitroand identified genes involved in metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and neurogenesis-related functions. Finally, we discovered that the secretome of phagocytic microglia limits the production of new neurons bothin vivoandin vitro. Our data suggest that microglia act as a sensor of local cell death, modulating the balance between proliferation and survival in the neurogenic niche through the phagocytosis secretome, thereby supporting the long-term maintenance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMicroglia are the brain professional phagocytes and, in the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche, they remove newborn cells naturally undergoing apoptosis. Here we show that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells triggers a coordinated transcriptional program that alters their secretome, limiting neurogenesis bothin vivoandin vitro. In addition, chronic phagocytosis disruption in mice deficient for receptors P2Y12 and MerTK/Axl reduces adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In contrast, inducible MerTK downregulation transiently increases neurogenesis, suggesting that microglial phagocytosis provides a negative feedback loop that is necessary for the long-term maintenance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Therefore, we speculate that the effects of promoting engulfment/degradation of cell debris may go beyond merely removing corpses to actively promoting regeneration in development, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Threat Prediction from Schemas as a Source of Bias in Pain Perception
Authors: Lim Manyoel , O'Grady Christopher , Cane Douglas , Goyal Amita , Lynch Mary , Beyea Steven , Hashmi Javeria Ali 
Published: January 2020

Our sensory impressions of pain are generally thought to represent the noxious properties of an agent but can be influenced by the predicted level of threat. Predictions can be sourced from higher-order cognitive processes, such as schemas, but the extent to which schemas can influence pain perception relative to bottom-up sensory inputs and the underlying neural underpinnings of such a phenomenon are unclear. Here, we investigate how threat predictions generated from learning a cognitive schema lead to inaccurate sensory impressions of the pain stimulus. Healthy male and female participants first detected a linear association between cue values and stimulus intensity and rated pain to reflect the linear schema when compared with uncued heat stimuli. The effect of bias on pain ratings was reduced when prediction errors (PEs) increased, but pain perception was only partially updated when measured against stepped increases in PEs. Cognitive, striatal, and sensory regions graded their responses to changes in predicted threat despite the PEs (p< 0.05, corrected). Individuals with more catastrophic thinking about pain and with low mindfulness were significantly more reliant on the schema than on the sensory evidence from the pain stimulus. These behavioral differences mapped to variability in responses of the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Thus, this study demonstrates a significant role of higher-order schemas in pain perception and indicates that pain perception is biased more toward predictions and less toward nociceptive inputs in individuals who report less mindfulness and more fear of pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study demonstrates that threat predictions generated from cognitive schemas continue to influence pain perception despite increasing prediction errors arising in pain pathways. Individuals first formed a cognitive schema of linearity in the relationship between the cued threat value and the stimulus intensity. Subsequently, the linearity was reduced gradually, and participants partially updated their evaluations of pain in relation to the stepped increases in prediction errors. Individuals who continued to rate pain based more on the predicted threat than on changes in nociceptive inputs reported high pain catastrophizing and less mindful-awareness scores. These two affects mapped to activity in the ventral and dorsal striatum, respectively. These findings direct us to a significant role of top-down processes in pain perception.
Well-Child Care Adherence After Intrauterine Opioid Exposure
Authors: Goyal Neera K. , Rohde Jessica F. , Short Vanessa , Patrick Stephen W. , Abatemarco Diane , Chung Esther K. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
For children with intrauterine opioid exposure (IOE), well-child care (WCC) provides an important opportunity to address medical, developmental, and psychosocial needs. We evaluated WCC adherence for this population.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, we used PEDSnet data from a pediatric primary care network spanning 3 states from 2011 to 2016. IOE was ascertained by using physician diagnosis codes. WCC adherence in the first year was defined as a postnatal or 1-month visit and completed 2-, 4-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month visits. WCC adherence in the second year was defined as completed 15- and 18-month visits. Gaps in WCC, defined as ≥2 missed consecutive WCC visits, were also evaluated. We used multivariable regression to test the independent effect of IOE status.

RESULTS:
Among 11 334 children, 236 (2.1%) had a diagnosis of IOE. Children with IOE had a median of 6 WCC visits (interquartile range 5–7), vs 8 (interquartile range 6–8) among children who were not exposed (P &lt; .001). IOE was associated with decreased WCC adherence over the first and second years of life (adjusted relative risk 0.54 [P &lt; .001] and 0.74 [P &lt; .001]). WCC gaps were more likely in this population (adjusted relative risk 1.43; P &lt; .001). There were no significant adjusted differences in nonroutine primary care visits, immunizations by age 2, or lead screening.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children &lt;2 years of age with IOE are less likely to adhere to recommended WCC, despite receiving on-time immunizations and lead screening. Further research should be focused on the role of WCC visits to support the complex needs of this population.
About privacy and phishing on social networks and the case of Facebook
Authors: Di Sia Paolo 
Published: January 2020

Aim. In recent years, social networks have multiplied on the Internet, becoming more and more used, and consequently raising doubts about the security of privacy. This exponential development has attracted the attention of bad-intentioneds too. The aim of the research is to undestand how “attack algorithms” can violate the privacy of millions of people, despite privacy policies which do not allow their use.
Methods. Considering an analysis on password security on Facebook, I evaluate the problems connected with the use of an attack algorithm in relation to privacy and security.
Results. Over the years, Facebook privacy policies have been changed, but with new services it is still possible to trace personal information. Using special phishing techniques it is possible to get the access credentials of a good percentage of users. This allows attackers to perform online transactions, view bank accounts and their transactions, call details, credit card numbers and many other personal data.
Conclusions. Waiting for the power of the future quantum Internet, it is unfortunately possible today to launch an attack exploiting the analysed techniques and even improve them, making them more effective and reaching even higher success rates, thus placing a very high number of users in serious danger.
Internet Use in EFL Writing Classes
Authors: Mozaheb Mohammad Amin , SHAHIDITABAR MOSTAFA 
Published: January 2020

Aim. The present study seeks to investigate the effect of internet use on writing abilities of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students studying in an Iranian university. The students of the study have been advised to use the Internet while searching for collocations and new words. They were also told to use grammar checkers while writing essays in English. After a two months’ period, their writing papers had been corrected by two raters. Compared to scores they obtained before the class equipped with new technologies, the students obtained higher scores, showing that the Internet can be used in language learning especially in writing classes where students have difficulties in using native-like words and structures. Methods. The participant of the present study were 28 Iranian university students studying ELT in an Iranian University in the capital Tehran. The students were divided into two classes consisting of 12 students in the experimental group and 16 students in the control group. The mean age of the students taking part in the study was 20. Additionally, according to a TOEFL iBT the level of the English proficiency of the students was 75. To put it other way, utilizing the test, the students were homogenized by the researchers of the study.
Results. The results of the study showed that the use of the Internet in EFL classes can boost the writing abilities of EFL learners. In other words, the writing of the students will be improved in case the check different collocations and grammatical points in the Internet. Moreover, the use of grammar checker soft wares which can be found on the net can pave the way for EFL students to be better writers of English. Conclusions. To conclude, this study suggests that the use of the Internet can be beneficial to EFL learners while improving their writing abilities which can be seen by many scholars studying different skills as important.
Developing Entrepreneurial Mindset in University Undergraduates
Authors: Loboda Viktoriya , Ostrovskyi Ihor , Katernyak Ihor 
Published: January 2020

Aim. The aim of the research is to discuss how to design entrepreneurial mindsets in undergraduate students within the academic culture of a classical university..
Methods. In order to become aware of the international perspective regarding entrepreneurship education, global innovation index, entrepreneurship education delivery models, global forums and entrepreneurship community platforms as well as the entrepreneurship barometer were taken into consideration.
Results. A survey regarding the appropriateness of entrepreneurship education at IFNUL has been conducted. In total, 125 bachelor’s (55.2%) and master’s degree (44,8%) students from different Departments of IFNUL completed the questionnaire based on the Entrepreneurship Barometer. Thus, theverage rating (1 (low) – 5 (high)) of the likelihood that students will ever run their own business is 3.67. Based on the obtained results the course in Entrepreneurship and Innovation has been elaborated as a part of the curriculum for students of the Department of Pedagogical Education at IFNUL.
Conclusions. Findings of this paper suggest that, in general, universities should promote entrepreneurship as a career option and provide entrepreneurship experiences to undergraduate and Master’s degree students. The change in the academic culture is the common challenge, which includes the introduction of entrepreneurial thinking and acting as alternatives to traditional teaching approaches and opening up the universities to the surrounding society and industrial ecosystem. The use of ICT and in particular eLearning in delivering entrepreneurial education might be an additional option for expanding the outreach of the course.
Key words: entrepreneurial mindset, entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurship program, entrepreneurship and innovation, undergraduate students.
Can genealogical exploration of the past be conducive to the development of ICT competences?
Authors: Jurczyk-Romanowska Ewa , Tufekčić Adnan 
Published: January 2020

Aims. Apart from its numerous benefits, the development of the information society has also resulted in the digital exclusion of people who do not have the competence to use a computer and the Internet. This group is largely made up of older people. The European Union has taken a number of measures to reduce the digital divide, including the funding of ICT training programmes. The research which forms the basis for creating such training for seniors has focused on an analysis of various forms of genealogical activity on the Internet. The authors assumed that seniors are somehow predestined for genealogical activity, due to their age and experience. It was therefore decided to base the computer training programme on the development of genealogical interests.
Methods. The study identified and categorized various forms of genealogical activity on the Internet, and the research was based on "genealogy" records in the Google search engine. Explorations were carried out in four countries: Poland, Turkey, Italy and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Results. As a result of the explorations, it was found that genealogical activity on the Internet falls into four basic categories: (1) sources of knowledge about genealogy, (2) tools for creating family trees, (3) presentation of the results of genealogical searches, (4) virtual genealogical communities. The last (5) category is of a commercial nature and includes genealogical accessories stores.
Conclusion. Research conducted in the area of genealogical activity on the Internet leads to the conclusion that it may be an additional motivation for older people to undertake training in the field of ICT, which prompts further didactic and research directions. On the basis of the analysis, the implementation of the training programme in the Learning Tree project was designed and set in motion.
CODE PREFERENCES OF 1st YEAR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS – CASE STUDY OF “SOCIOLOGY OF DISPOSITIONAL GROUPS” STUDENTS
Authors: Błaszczyński Kamil 
Published: January 2020

Because of the formal and non-formal changes which are taking place in Polish higher education, the role and function of the university is also changing. Contemporary Polish students consider higher education as one of the phases of their career. The new generations of students expect rapid and effective education, perceiving academic education as a purchase of services or professional training. The aim of the study was to diagnose if those trends are visible also in the processes of communication between the students and the academic staff. To verify this thesis, the author diagnoses the language expression of students, in the form of essay writing. Expressions were analysed quantitatively and were correlated with some chosen indicators of the students social background.
Results indicated that students language expression could be divided into three types: mixed, restricted and elaborate expression. Each of those types can be classified as social codes, which have their own features. Gathered data only partially confirmed the hypothesis tested by the author. Because of the low scale of the study, it can only be considered an inspiration for other researchers and future studies on a high-scale level.
Place product in the promotion of communes – the case of the Milicz carp and the Barycz Valley
Authors: Glinka Kamil 
Published: January 2020

The constant competitiveness for the interest of entrepreneurs, tourists, students makes that local government units put effort into creating their image. However, the limited capital and organizational resources make that these units initiate multilateral promotion actions. Preparing its offer they repeatedly use attractive place products.
The main aim of the article is to answer the question whether, if so in what ways, the Milicz carp, treated as a place product, is used in the promotion of the Local Action Group “Partnership for the Barycz Valley” created by the eight communes of Lower Silesia and Wielkopolskie province. Especially while taking into account two elements: first, the premises of the official strategic documents adopted within ‘the Barycz Valley’, second, the conducted in practice promotion actions. The use of two methods: content analysis and comparative analysis allows to state that the Milicz carp, against the goals in the given documents, plays a significant role in the promotion of the cooperating communes. Actions in the field of public relations have the greatest importance. On the other hand, the actions concerning the promotion of the Milicz carp do not accompany all the enterprises shaping the image of ‘the Barycz Valley’.
Kulturowe spojrzenie na programy powszechnych szczepień ochronnych wczoraj i dziś
Authors: Pietrzyk Anna 
Published: January 2020

Cel badań: Celem badania było wskazanie kulturowych mechanizmów utrudniających wdrażanie programów powszechnych szczepień ochronnych oraz ujawnienie ich szerszego geograficzno-historycznego tła.
Metoda badań: Badania wpisują się w nurt folklorystyki oraz antropologii kulturowej i jej subdyscypliny – antropologii medycznej. Analizie poddano treści wierzeniowe, na które składają się materiały ikonograficzne, zasoby elektroniczne bibliotek dotyczące historii profilaktyki szczepiennej oraz dostępne w Internecie wypowiedzi przeciwników szczepień, stosując podejście interpretatywne, które odwołuje się do systemu wiedzy, wartości i kategorii analitycznych, jakimi posługują się badani, celem odkrywania sensu ich działań.
Wyniki badań: Analiza antropologiczna warstwy folklorystycznej przekazów o szczepieniach obnaża braki oficjalnych programów i kampanii proszczepiennych, nie uwzględniających żywotności oraz roli struktur mitycznych w stosunku do decyzji podejmowanych w kwestiach zdrowotnych. W przekazach tych uwidocznia się tradycyjny sposób postrzegania zjawisk zdrowotnych (choroby, epidemii), kategoryzacji przestrzeni (opozycja orbis interior/orbis eksterior), kolorów i ciała (jako odbicia makrokosmosu), profesjonalistów i technologii biomedycznych. Okruchy dawnego myślenia wierzeniowego, choć już nie tak mocno jak dawniej, nadal dają o sobie znać w nowoczesnym i laicyzującym się społeczeństwie zachodniego kręgu kulturowego, które gubi się w natłoku szumu informacyjnego nowych odkryć i szybko zmieniających się technologii oraz nagłaśnianych przez media afer w służbie zdrowia dotyczących fałszowania lub nieodpowiedniego przechowywania szczepionek.
Wnioski: Folklor szczepionkowy jest próbą oswojenia chaosu, jaki towarzyszy szczepieniom jako technologii biomedycznej, poprzez przełożenie jej na wciąż czytelny dla ogółu język kulturowych skojarzeń, wierzeń i symboli. I choć nie niweluje do końca tej ambiwalencji, albo strachu przed szczepieniami, pozwala myśleniu potocznemu znaleźć dla nich miejsce w kulturowym uniwersum.
Rola architektury miejskiej w budowaniu tożsamości mieszkańców miast
Authors: Rytelewska-Chilczuk Natalia 
Published: January 2020

Teza. Przedmiotem artykułu była analiza transformacji tożsamości miejskiej w oparciu o architekturę i tkankę miejską. Teza autorki zakładała, że architektura odgrywa rolę w budowaniu miejskiej tożsamości, co zaprezentowano na przykładzie dwóch polskich miast. Wraz z transformacją przestrzeni miejskiej następuje zmiana postrzegania miast, nie tylko przez mieszkańców, lecz także na arenie narodowej i międzynarodowej. Ważną role pełnią nowo powstające instytucje o charakterze edukacyjnym i historycznym, takie jak Europejskie Centrum Solidarności czy Muzeum Śląskie.
Omówione koncepcje. W pracy wykorzystano teorie modyfikacji oraz nawarstwienia stosowane przez Ewę Rewers w analizie tożsamości miejskiej. W badaniach powołano się także na rolę ideologii w kreowaniu i projektowaniu miast. Analizie poddano aplikacje, jakie zostały zgłoszone przez miasta w konkursie na Europejską Stolicę Kultury.
Wyniki i wnioski. Transformacja i rola architektury odgrywa znaczącą rolę w budowaniu tożsamości miejskiej. Dodatkowo miasta poprzez projektowane instytucje podkreślają swoją rolę w budowaniu polskiej historii (instytucje muzealne) oraz walczą z negatywną stereotypizacją (rewitalizacja opuszczonych zakładów przemysłowych). Istotną rolę odgrywa także rewitalizacja obszarów przemysłowych, która pozwala na stworzenie mostu między historycznymi oraz współczesnymi przestrzeniami miejskimi.
Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza podejścia. Temat artykułu łączy w sobie analizy z pogranicza urbanistyki, socjologii, architektury i sztuk wizualnych. Podejście humanistyczno-techniczne pozwala na głębszą analizę tematu tożsamości miejskiej oraz potraktowanie miasta jako przedmiotu nauki, a nie tylko tła dla toczącego się w mieście życia codziennego.
SAMOWIEDZA OSÓB ZE SPEKTRUM AUTYZMU W KONTEKŚCIE TEORII UMYSŁU
Authors: Kanar Mirosława 
Published: January 2020

Teza. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza teoretyczna wpływu zaburzenia teorii umysłu na samowiedzę u osób z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu.
Omówione koncepcje. Teoria umysłu jest zdolnością do wyjaśniania zachowań innych osób poprzez odczytywanie ich intencji, pragnień i uczuć oraz odnosi się również do umiejętności rozpoznawania własnych emocji. Zamiennie do tego pojęcia stosowany jest termin mentalizacja lub doświadczanie empatii. Nieprawidłowy proces mentalizacji u osób z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu znajduje potwierdzenie w badaniach opartych na neuroobrazowaniu. W artykule odniesiono się do literatury przedmiotu dotyczącej dynamiki samowiedzy jednostki ujęciu poznawczym oraz posłużono się charakterystyką zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu zgodną z DSM IV oraz DSM V.
Wyniki i wnioski. Niniejsze opracowanie jest hipotezą wyłaniającą się w oparciu o analizę dotychczasowych badań dotyczących teorii umysłu osób z autyzmem. Koncepcja ta stanowi fundament do badań empirycznych nad samowiedzą osób z ASD.
Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza podejścia. Obecnie nie ma badań dotyczących wpływu teorii umysłu na obraz siebie osób z ASD. Autorka artykułu jest w trakcie realizacji badań odnoszących się do niniejszych rozważań.