bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetic analysis of fatigue hysteresis by thermographic and digital image correlation methodologies
Authors: La Rosa Guido , Lo Savio Fabio , Giudice Fabio , Clienti Carmelo , Marino Cugno Garrano Adriana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA hysteresis cycle can define the variation in mechanical characteristics of fatigue life and failure response. Traditional analysis is performed using force‐displacement signals derived from the testing equipment, but this approach is prone to large errors due to clearances and slips in the measuring chain. For this reason, the authors here propose a novel setup able to assess accurately the strain status of specimens by digital image correlation (DIC) and a procedure to calculate the hysteresis energy by thermographic analysis in order to measure the damping energy with precision. The results obtained by an experimental investigation on a common austenitic steel (AISI 304) highlight that the hysteresis areas defined by the DIC displacements, and those found by the testing machine outputs have substantial differences in value. The thermal variations and the areas of the hysteresis loops, both linked to the plastic energy, were also compared, showing a reliable correlation.
Watershed‐scale climate influences productivity of Chinook salmon populations across southcentral Alaska
Authors: Jones Leslie A. , Schoen Erik R. , Shaftel Rebecca , Cunningham Curry J. , Mauger Sue , Rinella Daniel J. , St. Saviour Adam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ecosystems supporting Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.) are changing rapidly as a result of climate change and habitat alteration. Understanding how—and how consistently—salmon populations respond to changes at regional and watershed scales has major implications for fisheries management and habitat conservation. Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) populations across Alaska have declined over the past decade, resulting in fisheries closures and prolonged impacts to local communities. These declines are associated with large‐scale climate drivers, but uncertainty remains about the role of local conditions (e.g., precipitation, streamflow, and stream temperature) that vary among the watersheds where salmon spawn and rear. We estimated the effects of these and other environmental indicators on the productivity of 15 Chinook salmon populations in the Cook Inlet basin, southcentral Alaska, using a hierarchical Bayesian stock‐recruitment model. Salmon spawning during 2003–2007 produced 57% fewer recruits than the previous long‐term average, leading to declines in adult returns beginning in 2008. These declines were explained in part by density dependence, with reduced population productivity following years of high spawning abundance. Across all populations, productivity declined with increased precipitation during the fall spawning and early incubation period and increased with above‐average precipitation during juvenile rearing. Above‐average stream temperatures during spawning and rearing had variable effects, with negative relationships in many warmer streams and positive relationships in some colder streams. Productivity was also associated with regional indices of streamflow and ocean conditions, with high variability among populations. The cumulative effects of adverse conditions in freshwater, including high spawning abundance, heavy fall rains, and hot, dry summers may have contributed to the recent population declines across the region. Identifying both coherent and differential responses to environmental change underscores the importance of targeted, watershed‐specific monitoring and conservation efforts for maintaining resilient salmon runs in a warming world.
The space‐time evolution and driving forces of county economic growth in China from 1998 to 2015
Authors: Li Zaijun , Hu Meijuan , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoordinated growth in regional economies is fundamental for sustainable economic development. In this study, the space‐time dynamics of GDP per capita for 2,303 counties in China from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed based on an exploratory space‐time data analysis (ESTDA) framework. The results showed that: (a) there was significant and increasing positive spatiotemporal correlation among county‐level economic growth; (b) local spatiotemporal correlation pattern demonstrated a high–high cluster at the eastern coast, and low–low dispersion in the vast central and western regions; (c) changes in LISA time trajectory revealed that economic growth in the coastal urban agglomeration and Inner Mongolia was more dynamic, indicating the emergence of a local spatial structure locking feature and trajectory dependence; and (d) industrialization and informatization were the two primary contributors to county economic growth. Our study suggests that Chinese government should construct network channels linking the central region with eastern China, cultivate economic growth poles and growth axis, and focus on technological innovation to unlock path dependence in county economic growth.
Effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilization on production characteristics of Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande and Xaraés grass
Authors: Jardim Renata Rodrigues , Fries Daniela Deitos , Dias Daniel Lucas Santos , de Figueiredo Abdias José , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Teixeira Fábio Andrade , Amaral Júnior Francisco Paulo , Paiva Leliane Santos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation systems and nitrogen fertilization on the dry mass yield and botanical composition of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande in the four seasons of the year. The experiment took place in an area previously established with Xaraés grass, where Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande was introduced. Yield traits were evaluated in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement corresponding three cultivation systems (Xaraés monocrop, Stylosanthes monocrop and an intercrop between the two species), with or without nitrogen fertilization (75 kg N/ha), with four replicates. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect the yield traits of the evaluated cultivation systems. In the winter, the Xaraés monocrop and the intercrop showed the highest total dry mass yields. The highest yield in the spring was obtained with the intercrop; in the summer, with the Stylosanthes monocrop. In the fall and in the entire year, the cultivation systems did not differ for total dry mass yield. The intercrop between Xaraés grass and Stylosanthes is recommended, as it exhibits satisfactory dry mass yield besides reducing dependence on the use of chemical fertilizers and contributing to the conservation of natural resources.
Physiological responses and forage accumulation of Marandu palisadegrass and Mombaça guineagrass to nitrogen fertilizer in the Brazilian forage‐based systems
Authors: Domiciano Leandro F. , dos Santos Mariely L. , Boote Kenneth J. , dos Santos Patrícia M. , Pereira Dalton H. , Pedreira Bruno C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn Brazil, the livestock systems are mainly forage‐based, and nitrogen inputs are an uncommon practice, despite its great benefits. The objective was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen input on the physiological responses of Marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha [Hochst. ex A. Rich.] R. D. Webster) and Mombaça guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus [Jacq.] B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs), and its impacts on the forage accumulation rate (FAR). The experiment was carried out in Sinop, MT, Brazil, in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement (two cultivars: Mombaça and Marandu; unfertilized and fertilized [50 kg N ha−1 cycle−1]; and five seasons: autumn 2015, winter 2015, spring 2015, summer 2015 and autumn 2016) with three replicates. The experimental period was from March 2015 to June 2016, when plots were harvested to mimic intermittent stocking. Fertilized Mombaça presented greater FAR pastures (74.0 kg DM ha−1 day−1) than unfertilized (26.6 kg DM ha−1 day−1) and Marandu fertilized (52.5 kg DM ha−1 day−1), with the greatest values during the summer (147.6 kg DM ha−1 day−1). The greatest leaf (A) and canopy photosynthesis (CP) rates occurred on fertilized pastures during the summer 2015 and autumn 2015. Marandu presented 19% greater A than Mombaça. During the winter, under water stress, Marandu had greater water use efficiency (WUE). However, during the summer 2015 and autumn 16, Mombaça had the greatest WUE (12.76 μmol CO2/mol H2O). In all seasons, Marandu presented the greatest chlorophyll index, which may support the greatest photosynthetic rates. It was concluded that Mombaça was highly responsive to nitrogen input during the rainy season with accumulation over 140 kg DM ha−1 day−1 and is recommended to intensified systems. Marandu had the greatest WUE in the lower precipitation seasons and is an alternative to a year‐round strategy in forage‐based systems.
Physical, thermal and structural properties of rice starch as affected by the addition of bamboo shoot shell fibres
Authors: Huang Shan , Wang Nan , Zhang Yue , Zhang Fusheng , Zheng Jiong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effects of different bamboo shoot shell fibre (BSSF) content (1, 2, 5 and 10%, w/w) on the physical, thermal and structural properties of rice starch were investigated. BSSFs significantly affected the properties of rice starch by competitive water absorption and hydrogen bonding. With increased BSSF content, the breakdown value and pasting temperature of rice starch were increased, whereas the peak viscosity, final viscosity and setback value were decreased. Thermodynamic results showed that the gelatinisation temperature and gelatinisation enthalpy of rice starch were significantly increased by the 5% and 10% BSSFs. Furthermore, BSSFs interconnected with amylose through hydrogen bonds to restrain gel‐structure formation, thereby resulting in low storage modulus and loss modulus of rice starch paste. A loose structure of rice starch supplemented with 10% BSSFs was clearly visible, exhibiting the minimum values of hardness (32.12 ± 4.47 g) and adhesiveness (64.70 ± 17.32 g). Moreover, BSSFs increased the amount of short‐range ordered structures but had no effect on the crystal type of rice starch. These results may contribute to the manufacture and development of fibre‐enriched starchy products.
Comparative evaluation of instant 'poundo' cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) and yam (Dioscorea rotundata) flours produced by flash and cabinet drying
Authors: Adeboyejo Folasade Olabimpe , Aderibigbe Olaide Ruth , Obarayi Monsurat Titilope , Sturm Barbara 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCocoyam, an important staple crop especially among the low‐income earners in tropical regions of the world, is highly underutilised for industrial applications. This study investigates the nutritional, colour and rheological properties of instant flours (‘poundo’) from two cultivars of Colocasia esculenta (white‐NCe010 and purple‐NCe003) and Dioscorea rotundata (var. Oginni), and sensory attributes of doughs prepared from reconstituted flours. Tubers were processed into instant flours using cabinet and flash drying methods. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in the proximate and mineral composition and pasting properties of flours were found. Sensory panellists rated reconstituted poundo yam (8.17–8.20) and white cocoyam (7.50–7.95) higher than purple cocoyam (6.60–7.10) meals. Influence of drying method on sensory characteristics of flours was not significant. Instant poundo cocoyam and yam flours could serve as novel convenience and ready‐to‐eat food products which could contribute to increasing the commercial and industrial application options for these underutilised tubers beyond their present basic use.
The paediatric weight management office visit via telemedicine: pre‐ to post‐COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: O'Hara Valerie M. , Johnston Starr V. , Browne Nancy T. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTelemedicine is a powerful tool that erases many logistical barriers to care and may increase access. Due to the need for social distancing, the COVID‐19 pandemic has temporarily reduced in‐person visits for clinical care. Providers, clinical staff and patients are pressed to acutely learn new skills and adapt clinical care through the use of telemedicine whilst administrators, policy makers and regulatory organizations make changes to existing policies to meet this national emergency. Our tertiary care, interdisciplinary paediatric weight management clinic began the use of telemedicine 5 years ago to bring access to an underserved, rural population at their primary care office, which has allowed our clinic to pivot seamlessly to in‐home telemedicine visits during the pandemic. Telemedicine rules and regulations are rapidly changing to meet the COVID‐19 national emergency, but many supports for new telemedicine providers are already in place. In this article, we provide an overview of telemedicine components, policies and regulations. We review the operationalization of our clinic's telemedicine visit prior to the pandemic. We discuss how telemedicine services are impacted by COVID‐19 and key resources are provided. Finally, we reimagine telemedicine services post‐pandemic to expand effective, coordinated health care, particularly for patients with chronic needs such as obesity.
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion is a predictor of mortality for septic shock
Authors: Dong Jun , White Seth , Nielsen Kirsten , Banchs Jose , Wang Jian , Botz Gregory H. , Nates Joseph L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac dysfunction is a common sequela in patients with sepsis and multi‐organ dysfunction. Echocardiography is commonly used in the investigation of circulatory failure.AimsWe aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of echocardiographic parameters in patients with septic shock.MethodsThis study was a retrospective trial. We included patients who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with septic shock. The patients' echocardiograms, clinical data and outcomes were obtained from their medical records. Associations between echocardiogram variables and mortality were assessed using logistic regression, controlled for age, sex, body mass index and the interval between the ICU admission and echocardiogram. The utility of statistically significant echocardiogram variables to predict mortality were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe outcomes presented that tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was statistically significantly associated with both ICU (P = 0.02) and 90‐day (P = 0.001) mortality. From the ROC curves, TAPSE emerged a significant and moderate predictor for 90‐day (area under curve (AUC) = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.565–0.814) and in‐ICU mortality (AUC = 0.762, 95% CI = 0.652–0.871). The optimal cut‐off for TAPSE was 2.1 cm for both 90‐day mortality (sensitivity of 80% and specificity and 58%) and in‐ICU mortality (sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 77%).ConclusionsTAPSE was associated with increased mortality in those with sepsis and suspicion of cardiac dysfunction. This is a hypothesis generating article that an association may be present and requires significant more work with expansion to the entire population base.
Retailers' endogenous sequencing game and information acquisition game in the presence of information leakage
Authors: Kim Yongjae 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTimely and accurate order placement is critical to the success of all partners in a supply chain. This study explores the equilibrium states of the endogenous timing of order placement that could lead to information leakage in the supply chain. Competition and information asymmetry in the business environment adversely affect firms across industries, often leading to suboptimal outcomes. We examine the dynamics of two competing retailers and the impact of information leakage due to asymmetric information on their decision‐making strategies. Specifically, we analyze a supply chain with one supplier and two competing retailers under demand uncertainty in which the retailers' decisions on the timing of order placement and acquisition of demand information are endogenous. We characterize the retailers' choices in equilibrium and analyze the impact of these choices on their order quantities and profits. In reality, owing to outsourcing to overseas suppliers and long lead times, suppliers prefer early orders from their downstream partners. We find that a retailer that decides to invest to obtain demand information would end up ordering earlier than its competing firm even if information asymmetry and leakage exist. We also show that information is more valuable and beneficial to the retailer that has the first‐mover advantage.
Reconstructing historical shifts in suitable habitat of Sceloporus lineages using phylogenetic niche modelling
Authors: Rivera Julio A. , Lawing A. Michelle , Martins Emília P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimWe tested whether we could detect geographical shifts in modelled‐suitable habitat. We aim to enhance phylogenetic niche models of past suitable habitats for Sceloporus lineages by integrating modern and fossil occurrences with ecological and phylogenetic comparative modelling methods. Specifically, we hypothesized that our integrated approach is sensitive enough to detect geographical shifts in suitable habitat between lineages and through evolutionary time.LocationNorth America.TaxonSceloporus lizards.MethodsWe used extant and fossil occurrence data, general circulation models of palaeoclimate, climate envelope modelling and phylogenetic comparative methods to reconstruct past suitable climates for Sceloporus lizards over the last 20 million years, and then visualized the geographical locations of individual lineages using multivariate environmental similarity surfaces (MESS) maps.ResultsWe were able to reconstruct ancestral suitable climate for Sceloporus lineages with sufficient resolution to identify shifts in geographical location between lineages. We found that large shifts in climate regimes drove the expansion and contraction of suitable habitat through time. We found a positive association between tectonic events, like mountain uplift, and lineage diversification in the Sceloporus clade. Mountain uplift also facilitated the emergence of open grassland habitat, which excluded many Sceloporus species.Main conclusionsOur approach was sensitive enough to detect differences in geographical location of suitable habitat across lineages and through evolutionary time. Doing so is a critical first step to tracking the evolutionary ecology of individual taxa over long periods of evolutionary time, and to inferring which species co‐existed in which locations. Such inferences would allow for more precise predictions of current and future ecological needs for conservation efforts, and to inform efforts to mitigate climate change.
The research‐teaching nexus in a graduate CALL course: An action research study
Authors: Abdel Latif Muhammad M. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ‘research‐teaching nexus’ means integrating disciplined‐based research into course content to develop students’ research ability. Though such integration has been investigated in various higher education content areas, no previous CALL teacher education research seems to have addressed it. This study explored how research should be integrated into a graduate CALL course and how such integration influences students’ research awareness and skills. The content‐focused and process‐focused forms of the research‐teaching nexus were integrated into a graduate CALL course taught in a language teacher education programme at an Arab university. The course was taught to a group of female MA student teachers for a 15‐week academic term. Qualitative data was collected using observation and an open‐end questionnaire within an action research framework. The students reported positive evaluation of research integration into the CALL course. Meanwhile, the observational data indicates that research integration has fostered their CALL research awareness and enabled them to learn how to craft some key research elements, namely developing research titles and questions, and selecting the research method. The results generally imply that developing students’ CALL research skills through the process‐focused teaching forms is a more complicated task than enhancing their research awareness via the content‐focused ones.
Diagnosis of chronic stage of hypertensive retinopathy based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Feng Xue , Wang Haiwei , Kong Yuanyuan , Zhang Junyan , He Jingfang , Zhang Bozheng , Zhang Jianqiang , Qi Hong , Wang Yanling 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHypertensive retinopathy refers to the retinal vascular changes associated with systemic arterial hypertension. Hypertensive retinopathy can be divided into chronic and acute phases. A cross‐sectional study was performed to explore a method of measurement in the diameters of retinal vessels for diagnosis of chronic hypertensive retinopathy based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). The central retinal artery diameter (CRAD), the central retinal vein diameter (CRVD), and the artery‐to‐vein ratio (AVR) were measured. A total of 119 subjects with 119 eyes were included in this study, in which 56 subjects with 56 eyes were included in hypertensive group and 63 subjects with 63 eyes were included in normotensive group. There were significant differences between the two groups in the CRAD (t = −2.14, P = .04) and the AVR (t = −2.59, P = .01). The cutoff point of 0.75 was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (area under the curve, AUC 0.786; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.70‐0.87). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the probability of AVR below to 0.75 was more in patients with high systolic blood pressure (odds ratio OR 4.39; P = .048), more in male (OR 4.15; P = .004) and more in smokers (OR 5.80; P = .01). Bland‐Altman plots showed small mean bias between the measurements of the two technicians in the CRAD, the CRVD, and the AVR. In summary, application of SD‐OCT is an accurate, reproducible, convenient method for measuring the diameters of retinal vessels. It is valuable for the diagnosis of chronic stage of hypertensive retinopathy.
WWP2 regulates SIRT1‐STAT3 acetylation and phosphorylation involved in hypertensive angiopathy
Authors: Zhang Ying , You Shilong , Tian Yichen , Lu Saien , Cao Liu , Sun Yingxian , Zhang Naijin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWWP2 is a HECT‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates various physiological and pathological activities by binding to different substrates, but its function and regulatory mechanism in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are still unknown. Here, we clarified the role of WWP2 in the regulation of SIRT1‐STAT3 and the impact of this regulatory process in VSMCs. We demonstrated that WWP2 expression was significantly increased in angiotensin II‐induced VSMCs model. Knockdown of WWP2 significantly inhibited angiotensin II‐induced VSMCs proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation, whereas overexpression of WWP2 had opposite effects. In vivo experiments showed that vascular smooth muscle‐specific WWP2 knockout mice significantly relieved angiotensin II‐induced hypertensive angiopathy. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry and co‐immunoprecipitation assays identified that WWP2 is a novel interacting protein of SIRT1 and STAT3. Moreover, WWP2 formed a complex with SIRT1‐STAT3, inhibiting the interaction between SIRT1 and STAT3, then reducing the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on STAT3, ensuing promoting STAT3‐K685 acetylation and STAT3‐Y705 phosphorylation in angiotensin II‐induced VSMCs and mice. In conclusion, WWP2 modulates hypertensive angiopathy by regulating SIRT1‐STAT3 and WWP2 suppression in VSMCs can alleviate hypertensive angiopathy vitro and vivo. These findings provide new insights into the treatment of hypertensive vascular diseases.