bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attributes of person‐centred communication: A qualitative exploration of communication with older persons in home health care
Authors: Sundler Annelie J , Hjertberg Frida , Keri Helena , Holmström Inger K 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research points to challenges related to the home healthcare of older persons and to the complexity of communication. Although person‐centred care has been advocated widely, there remains a need for in‐depth knowledge on how to enable person‐centred and supportive communication in the care of older persons.AimThe aim of this study was to explore attributes of person‐centred communication between nurses and older persons being cared for in their home.MethodsA descriptive study with a qualitative approach was conducted. A data set from the COMHOME‐study consisting of 77 audio‐recorded home healthcare visits between registered nurses and older persons was analysed with a method for qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings indicate that the attributes of person‐centred communication comprise recognising, inviting and involving older persons. To facilitate this form of communication, attentiveness and responsiveness on the part of RNs seemed significant. Person‐centred communication was facilitated when the RNs used verbal expressions to emphasise and acknowledge the older persons’ views and were attentive to their emotions and expressions.ConclusionThe nurses’ attentiveness and responsiveness seems important for person‐centred communication with older persons. Communication skills are needed to recognise, invite and involve older persons in their care and to support their health and well‐being.Implication for practiceThe importance of communication which facilitate a person‐centred approach by nurses should be acknowledged when caring for older persons and included in education and training.
GABA‐A receptor and mitochondrial TSPO signaling act in parallel to regulate melanocyte stem cell quiescence in larval zebrafish
Authors: Allen James R. , Skeath James B. , Johnson Stephen L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTissue regeneration and homeostasis often require recruitment of undifferentiated precursors (adult stem cells; ASCs). While many ASCs continuously proliferate throughout the lifetime of an organism, others are recruited from a quiescent state to replenish their target tissue. A long‐standing question in stem cell biology concerns how long‐lived, non‐dividing ASCs regulate the transition between quiescence and proliferation. We study the melanocyte stem cell (MSC) to investigate the molecular pathways that regulate ASC quiescence. Our prior work indicated that GABA‐A receptor activation promotes MSC quiescence in larval zebrafish. Here, through pharmacological and genetic approaches we show that GABA‐A acts through calcium signaling to maintain MSC quiescence. Unexpectedly, we identified translocator protein (TSPO), a mitochondrial membrane‐associated protein that regulates mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis, as a parallel regulator of MSC quiescence. We found that both TSPO‐specific ligands and induction of gluconeogenesis likely act in the same pathway to promote MSC activation and melanocyte production in larval zebrafish. In contrast, TSPO and gluconeogenesis appear to act in parallel to GABA‐A receptor signaling to regulate MSC quiescence and vertebrate pigment patterning.
Can Hardcore Actualism Validate S5?
Authors: Kimpton‐Nye Samuel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHardcore actualism (HA) grounds all modal truths in the concrete constituents of the actual world (see, e.g., Borghini and Williams (2008), Jacobs (2010), Vetter (2015)). I bolster HA, and elucidate the very nature of possibility (and necessity) according to HA, by considering if it can validate S5 modal logic. Interestingly, different considerations pull in different directions on this issue. To resolve the tension, we are forced to think hard about the nature of the hardcore actualist’s modal reality and how radically this departs from possible worlds orthodoxy. Once we achieve this departure, the prospects of a hardcore actualist validation of S5 look considerably brighter. This paper thus strengthens hardcore actualism by arguing that it can indeed validate S5–arguably the most popular logic of metaphysical modality–and, in the process, it elucidates the very nature of modality according to this revisionary, but very attractive, modal metaphysics.
Higher plants as bioindicators of metal contamination from Shangdong abandoned karst bauxite, southwestern China
Authors: Wang D. F. , Zhang Z. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Bauxite mining on karst generates numerous ecological and environmental problems, including metal pollution, water and soil erosion and destruction of vegetation. Among these, the most important environmental problem is soil metal pollution. Higher plants have a great ability to adsorb metals and can be used as biological indicators. However, the study of bioindicators for soil contamination in karst bauxite is not clear.

Plants and their soil were collected from an abandoned karst bauxite area at Shangdong, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Plants were collected and identified as Pteris vittata, Pinus massoniana, Miscanthus floridulus, Coriaria nepalensis, Artemisia argyi and Senecio scandens.

The content of metals in plant roots were in the order: P. vittata > M. floridulus > C. nepalensis, other plants roots had no consistent pattern. Concentrations of metal in plants (P. vittata and M. floridulus) and soil were: soil > root > leaf > stem. Levels of metals in soil samples easily exceeded background values, indicating that soil had been contaminated. Al and Fe were highest in soil samples of P. vittata, with a good correlation.

Results show that the metal content determined in plants is relatively high, particularly in P. vittata. Data also suggest that P. vittata colonies were able to tolerate and accumulate high levels of metal elements, which evidences their suitability for use as bioindicatord of soil metal contamination caused by mining activities.
Historical biogeography of the hyperdiverse hidden snout weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae)
Authors: Letsch Harald , Balke Michael , Toussaint Emmanuel F.A. , Riedel Alexander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe first dated phylogeny of the weevil subfamily Cryptorhynchinae is presented within a framework of Curculionoidea. The inferred pattern and timing of weevil family relationships are generally congruent with previous studies, but our data are the first to suggest a highly supported sister‐group relationship between Attelabidae and Belidae. Our biogeographical inferences suggest that Cryptorhynchinae s.s. originated in the Late Cretaceous (c. 86 Ma) in South America. Within the ‘Acalles group’ and the ‘Cryptorhynchus group’, several independent dispersal events to the Western Palaearctic via the Nearctic occurred in the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene. A second southern route via Antarctica may have facilitated the colonization of Australia in the Late Cretaceous (c. 82 Ma), where a diverse Indo‐Australian clade probably emerged c. 73 Ma. In the Early Eocene (c. 50–55 Ma), several clades independently dispersed from Australia to proto‐New Guinea, i.e. the tribe Arachnopodini s.l., the ‘Rhynchodes group’ and the genus Trigonopterus. New Zealand was first colonized in the Late Palaeocene (c. 60 Ma). Divergence time estimations and biogeographical reconstructions indicate that the colonization of New Guinea is older than expected from current geological reconstructions of the region.
Multilocus phylogeny of a cryptic radiation of Afrotropical long‐fingered bats (Chiroptera, Miniopteridae)
Authors: Demos Terrence C. , Webala Paul W. , Lutz Holly L. , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C. , Goodman Steven M. , Cortés‐Delgado Natalia , Bartonjo Michael , Patterson Bruce D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Old World bat family Miniopteridae comprises only the genus Miniopterus, which includes 20 currently recognized species from the Afrotropical realm and 15 species from Eurasia and Australasia. Since 2003, the number of recognized Miniopterus species has grown from 19 to 35, with most newly described species endemic to Madagascar and the Comoros Archipelago. We investigated genetic variation, phylogenetic relationships and clade membership in Miniopterus focusing on Afrotropical taxa. We generated mitochondrial cytochrome‐b (cyt‐b) and nuclear intron data (five genes) from 352 vouchered individuals collected at 78 georeferenced localities. Including 99 additional mitochondrial sequences from GenBank, we analysed a total of 25 recognized species. Mitochondrial genetic distances among cyt‐b‐supported clades averaged 9.3%, representing as many as five undescribed species. Multilocus coalescent delimitation strongly supported the genetic isolation of eight of nine tested unnamed clades. A large number of sampled clades in sub‐Saharan Africa are distributed wholly or partly in East Africa (nine of 13 clades), suggesting that Miniopterus diversity has been grossly underestimated. Although 25 of 27 cyt‐b and 23 of 25 nuclear gene tree lineages from the Afrotropics were strongly supported as monophyletic, a majority of deep nodes were poorly resolved in phylogenetic analyses. Long terminal branches subtending short backbone internodes in the phylogenetic analyses suggest a rapid radiation model of diversification. This hypothesis needs to be tested using more phylogenetically informative data.
Tobacco 21 policies in California and Hawaii and sales of cigarette packs: a difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Ali Fatma Romeh M , Rice Ketra , Fang Xin , Xu Xin 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo measure the association of raising the minimum legal age of tobacco sales to 21 years (T21) statewide with monthly sales of cigarette packs in California and Hawaii, the first two states to implement T21 statewide.MethodsState monthly cigarette tax revenues from state departments of taxation were analysed for 11 states from January 2014 through December 2018 (n=660). Monthly cigarette packs sold were constructed using cigarette tax revenue and cigarette tax rate in each state. A difference-in-differences regression method was used to estimate the association of statewide T21 policies with monthly cigarette packs sold in California and Hawaii, separately, compared to the western states that did not implement such policies. Both models were controlled for year–month fixed effects, cigarette tax rates, smoke-free air laws, Medicaid coverage of smoking cessation, minimum legal sales ages for e-cigarettes and state marijuana laws, in addition to state demographic characteristics (sex, age, education, race/ethnicity and population size).FindingsImplementation of T21 statewide was associated with a reduction of 9.41 (95% CI=–15.52 to –3.30) million monthly packs sold in California and 0.57 (95% CI=–0.83 to –0.30) million monthly packs sold in Hawaii, compared to regional states. These translate to a reduction of 13.1%–18.2%, respectively, in monthly packs sold relative to mean values before the implementation of T21.ConclusionsRaising the minimum legal age for tobacco sales to 21 years could reduce cigarette sales as part of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy that complements and builds on proven approaches to achieve this goal.
Impact of the NaV1.8 variant, A1073V, on post-sigmoidectomy pain and electrophysiological function in rat sympathetic neurons
Authors: Coates Matthew D. , Kim Joyce S. , Carkaci-Salli Nurgul , Vrana Kent E. , Koltun Walter A. , Puhl Henry L. , Adhikary Sanjib D. , Janicki Piotr K. , Ruiz-Velasco Victor 
Published: October 2019

NaV1.8 channels play a crucial role in regulating the action potential in nociceptive neurons. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the human NaV1.8 gene SCN10A, A1073V (rs6795970, G>A), has been linked to the diminution of mechanical pain sensation as well as cardiac conduction abnormalities. Furthermore, studies have suggested that this polymorphism may result in a “loss-of-function” phenotype. In the present study, we performed genomic analysis of A1073V polymorphism presence in a cohort of patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy who provided information regarding perioperative pain and analgesic use. Homozygous carriers reported significantly reduced severity in postoperative abdominal pain compared with heterozygous and wild-type carriers. Homozygotes also trended toward using less analgesic/opiates during the postoperative period. We also heterologously expressed the wild-type and A1073V variant in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons. Electrophysiological testing demonstrated that the mutant NaV1.8 channels activated at more depolarized potentials compared with wild-type channels. Our study revealed that postoperative abdominal pain is diminished in homozygous carriers of A1073V and that this is likely due to reduced transmission of action potentials in nociceptive neurons. Our findings reinforce the importance of NaV1.8 and the A1073V polymorphism to pain perception. This information could be used to develop new predictive tools to optimize patient pain experience and analgesic use in the perioperative setting. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present evidence that in a cohort of patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy, those homozygous for the NaV1.8 polymorphism (rs6795970) reported significantly lower abdominal pain scores than individuals with the homozygous wild-type or heterozygous genotype. In vitro electrophysiological recordings also suggest that the mutant NaV1.8 channel activates at more depolarizing potentials than the wild-type Na+ channel, characteristic of hypoactivity. This is the first report linking the rs6795970 mutation with postoperative abdominal pain in humans.
Socioeconomic Status-Related Parameters as Predictors of Competing (Non-Bladder Cancer) Mortality after Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Froehner Michael , Muallah David , Koch Rainer , Hübler Matthias , Borkowetz Angelika , Heberling Ulrike , Huber Johannes , Wirth Manfred P. , Thomas Christian 
Published: October 2019

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To investigate the impact of socioeconomic status-related parameters on competing (non-bladder cancer) mortality after radical cystectomy. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> A total of 1,268 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy for urothelial or undifferentiated bladder cancer at our institution between 1993 and 2016 with a mean age of 69 years (median 70 years) were studied. The mean ­follow-up of the censored patients was 7.2 years (median 5.7 years). Proportional hazard models for competing risk were used to identify predictors of non-bladder cancer (competing) mortality. The following parameters were included into multivariate analyses: age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, Charlson score, gender, level of education, smoking status, marital status, local tumour stage, lymph node status, adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Besides age and both comorbidity classifications, the socioeconomic status-related parameters gender (female versus male, hazard ratio [HR] 0.58, 95% CI 0.40–0.84, <i>p</i> = 0.0042), level of education (university degree or master craftsman versus others, HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.56–0.1.03, <i>p</i> = 0.0801), smoking status (current smoking versus others, HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10–1.96, <i>p</i> = 0.0085) and marital status (married versus others, HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.92, <i>p</i> = 0.0133) were independent predictors of competing mortality after radical cystectomy. If considered in combination (multiplication of HRs), the prognostic impact of socioeconomic parameters superseded that of the investigated comorbidity classifications. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Socioeconomic status-related parameters may provide important information on the long-term competing mortality risk after radical cystectomy supplementary to chronological age and comorbidity.
Persistence with Biologic Treatment in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A German Claims Data Analysis
Authors: Mevius Antje , Brandes Alina , Hardtstock Fränce , Wilke Thomas , Ratsch Boris A. , Orzechowski Hans-Dieter , Fuchs Andreas , Deiters Barthold , Bokemeyer Bernd 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real-world rates of treatment discontinuation and switching of biologic therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A retrospective claims data analysis on all continuously insured adult IBD patients with initiation of a biologic therapy was conducted. Observation started with the date of the first prescription of index tumor necrosis factor α-inhibitors (anti-TNFα) or vedolizumab (VDZ) therapy and lasted 12 months. Non-persistence was assumed in case of a switch to another biologic or a treatment gap of >90 days. Results: We included 1,248 IBD biologic treatment starters (502 adalimumab, 77 golimumab, 441 infliximab, 228 VDZ); 837/411 were biologic-naïve (bio-naïve)/ biologic-experienced (bio-experienced). Mean age of bio-naïve/bio-experienced anti-TNFα patients was 39.2/38.1 years (54.9%/56.7% female) and 42.6/37.8 years for VDZ patients (56.3%/54.9% female). Seven hundred and seventy-two patients (61.9%) were persistent with their index biologic therapy after 12 months (61.9%/61.8% bio-naïve/bio-experienced). Percentage of persistent patients was 69.7% for VDZ (65.6%/71.3%) and 60.1% for anti-TNFα (61.4%/55.5%). VDZ was associated with later non-persistence in a multivariable Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio 0.675; p = 0.003) compared to anti-TNFα. Conclusions: Only 60–70% of IBD ­patients are still persistent with their biologic therapy after 12 months. VDZ therapy is associated with a higher persistence than anti-TNFα therapy in this analysis.
АНАЛІЗ ПОКАЗНИКІВ НАЙБІЛЬШ РОЗПОВСЮДЖЕНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ, ЩО ПЕРЕДАЮТЬСЯ СТАТЕВИМ ШЛЯХОМ, У ВІННИЦЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Komar O. M. , Pidlisna I. V. 
Published: October 2019

Мета: проаналізувати динаміку показників найбільш розповсюджених захворювань, що передаються статевим шляхом (ЗПСШ), у Вінницькій області за 2014–2018 рр.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено епідеміологічне ретроспективне дослідження підсумково-звітної статистичної документації Вінницького обласного клінічного шкірно-венерологічного диспансеру (за даними звіту лікувально-профілактичного закладу ф. № 20) з використанням методу викопіювання даних за п’ятирічний період 2014–2018 рр. Статистичній обробці, аналізу та оцінці підлягали показники найбільш розповсюджених ЗПСШ захворювань, що передаються статевим шляхом (сифіліс, гонорея, трихомоніаз, хламідіоз, урогенітальний мікоплазмоз), у Вінницькій області та по Україні. Методи дослідження – епідеміологічний, медико-статистичний.
Результати. Аналіз показників п’яти найбільш розповсюджених захворювань, що передаються статевим шляхом, у Вінницькій області за 2014–2018 рр. виявив, що чотири з них (сифіліс, гонорея, трихомоніаз, хламідіоз) щорічно знижувались, крім урогенітального мікоплазмозу, показник наочності якого у 2018 р. до базового 2014 р. склав (+) 0,9 %. Така ж тенденція (до зниження), за досліджуваний період, характерна для усіх вказаних захворювань по Україні: сифіліс – (-) 30,2 %, гонорея – (-) 32,6 %, трихомоніаз – (-) 31,9 %, хламідіоз – (-) 16,7 %, урогенітальний мікоплазмоз – (-) 19,9 %. Доведено річні темпи зростання регіональних показників виокремлених захворювань за статтю і місцем проживання, крім показника захворюваності на трихомоніаз, який постійно знижувався у всіх когортах.
Висновки. Найбільш вагомими причинами зниження показників розповсюдження захворювань, що передаються статевим шляхом, в Україні й Вінницькій області за досліджуваний період є: 1) відсутність реєстрації цих захворювань у: приватних клініках, переважне звертання хворих до яких пов’язано з причиною уникнення стигматизації, особливо жителів сільської місцевості; фахівців інших спеціальностей (урологи, акушер-гінекологи та ін.) державних закладів охорони здоров’я; 2) фінансова недоступність до дороговартісної фармакотерапії.
ДИНАМІКА ЗМІН ЕПІДЕМІЧНОЇ СИТУАЦІЇ З ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗУ В ОБЛАСТЯХ ПРИЧОРНОМОРСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ ТА В УКРАЇНІ В ПЕРІОД З 2006 ДО 2018 рр.
Authors: Talalayev K. O. , Goidyk V. S. , Vastyanov R. S. , Todorova A. V. 
Published: October 2019

Мета: проаналізувати епідемічну ситуацію з туберкульозу в Україні та, зокрема, в Причорноморському регіоні (Одеська, Миколаївська та Херсонська області) в період з 2006 до 2018 р. за показниками захворюваності на нові випадки та рецидиви туберкульозу, туберкульоз легень з бактеріовиділенням, мультирезистентний туберкульоз та ко-інфекцію туберкульоз+ВІЛ, а також поширеності та летальності від туберкульозу та ко-інфекції туберкульоз+ВІЛ.
Матеріали і методи. Для проведення цього дослідження використано аналітично-статистичні матеріали щодо туберкульозу, оприлюднені на офіційному сайті Центру громадського здоров’я МОЗ України.
Результати. З 2012 р. показник захворюваності на туберкульоз в Україні щороку знижувався в середньому на 4,2 %. Проте в Одеській області в період з 2011 до 2018 р. захворюваність на туберкульоз зросла на 30,3 %. Інтенсивний показник захворюваності на ко-інфекцію ТБ+ВІЛ в Україні збільшився на 21 % в період з 2011 до 2017 р. Зниження поширеності та летальності від туберкульозу в Україні спостерігають з 2006 до 2017 р. та з 2012 до 2017 р. відповідно.
Висновки. З 2011 до 2017 р. захворюваність на туберкульоз (нові випадки та рецидиви), туберкульоз легень з бактеріовиділенням, вперше діагностований туберкульоз, мультирезистентний туберкульоз та ко-інфекція туберкульоз+ВІЛ в Одеській, Миколаївській та Херсонській областях щороку перевищували відповідні середні показники по Україні.
У Причорноморському регіоні, за винятком Одеської області, та в Україні в цілому з 2012 до 2017 р. простежується тенденція до зниження летальності від туберкульозу.
Летальність від ко-інфекції туберкульоз+ВІЛ в Одеській та Миколаївській областях щороку перевищувала показник по України у середньому в 2,6 та 3,2 раза відповідно.