bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incentives of low‐quality sellers to disclose negative information
Authors: Shapiro Dmitry , Huh Seung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper studies incentives of low‐quality sellers to disclose negative information about their products. We develop a model in which one's quality can be communicated via cheap‐talk messages only. This setting limits the ability of high‐quality sellers to separate, as any communication strategy they pursue can be costlessly imitated by low‐quality sellers. We study two factors that can incentivize low‐quality sellers to communicate their quality: buyers' loss aversion and competition. Quality disclosure reduces buyers' risk, thereby increasing their willingness to pay for the product. It also introduces product differentiation, softening the competition.
The Skewness of the Price Change Distribution: A New Touchstone for Sticky Price Models
Authors: LUO SHAOWEN , VILLAR DANIEL 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a new way of empirically evaluating various sticky price models that are used to assess the degree of monetary nonneutrality. While menu cost models uniformly predict that price change skewness and dispersion fall with inflation, in the Calvo model, both rise. However, the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) data from the late 1970s onward show that skewness does not fall with inflation, while dispersion does. We present a random menu cost model that, with a menu cost distribution that has a strong Calvo flavor, can match the empirical patterns. The model exhibits much more monetary nonneutrality than existing menu cost models.
Distinct alpha‐Synuclein species induced by seeding are selectively cleared by the Lysosome or the Proteasome in neuronally differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Pantazopoulou Marina , Brembati Viviana , Kanellidi Angeliki , Bousset Luc , Melki Ronald , Stefanis Leonidas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA major pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the aberrant accumulation of misfolded assemblies of alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn). Protein clearance appears as a regulator of the ‘α‐Syn burden’ underlying PD pathogenesis. The picture emerging is that a combination of pathways with complementary roles, including the Proteasome System and the Autophagy–Lysosome Pathway, contributes to the intracellular degradation of α‐Syn. This study addresses the mechanisms governing the degradation of α‐Syn species seeded by exogenous fibrils in neuronally differentiated SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with inducible expression of α‐Syn. Using human α‐Syn recombinant fibrils (pre‐formed fibrils, PFFs), seeding and aggregation of endogenous Proteinase K (PK)‐resistant α‐Syn species occurs within a time frame of 6 days, and is still prominent after 12 days of PFF addition. Clearance of α‐Syn assemblies in this inducible model was enhanced after switching off α‐Syn expression with doxycycline. Lysosomal inhibition led to accumulation of SDS‐soluble α‐Syn aggregates 6 days after PFF‐addition or when switching off α‐Syn expression. Additionally, the autophagic enhancer, rapamycin, induced the clearance of α‐Syn aggregates 13 days post‐PFF addition, indicating that autophagy is the major pathway for aggregated α‐Syn clearance. SDS‐soluble phosphorylated α‐Syn at S129 was only apparent at 7 days of incubation with a higher amount of PFFs. Proteasomal inhibition resulted in further accumulation of SDS‐soluble phosphorylated α‐Syn at S129, with limited PK resistance. Our data suggest that in this inducible model autophagy is mainly responsible for the degradation of fibrillar α‐Syn, whereas the proteasome system is responsible, at least in part, for the selective clearance of phosphorylated α‐Syn oligomers.
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Anatomy and histology of the foramen of ovarian bursa opening to the peritoneal cavity and its changes in autoimmune disease‐prone mice
Authors: Hosotani Marina , Ichii Osamu , Nakamura Teppei , Namba Takashi , Islam Md. Rashedul , Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali , Watanabe Takafumi , Ueda Hiromi , Kon Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ovarian bursa is a small peritoneal cavity enclosed by the mesovarium and mesosalpinx, which surrounds the ovaries and oviductal infundibulum in mammals. The ovarian bursa is considered as the structure facilitating the transport of ovulated oocytes into the oviduct. Our previous study revealed reduced oocyte pick‐up function in the oviduct of lupus‐prone MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr/lpr mouse, suggesting the possibility of an escape of ovulated oocytes into the peritoneal cavity, despite the presence of an almost complete ovarian bursa in the mouse. In this study, we revealed anatomical and histological characteristics of the ovarian bursa in C57BL/6 N, MRL/MpJ, and MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr/lpr mice. All strains had the foramen of ovarian bursa (FOB), with a size of approximately 0.04 to 0.12 cm2, surrounded by the ligament of ovarian bursa (LOB), which is part of the mesosalpinx. The LOB was partially lined with the cuboidal mesothelial cells and consisted of a thick smooth muscle layer in all strains. In 6‐month‐old MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr/lpr mice, in which the systemic autoimmune abnormality deteriorated and oocyte pick‐up function was impaired, the size of the FOB tended to be larger than that of other strains. Additionally, in MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr/lpr mice at 6 months of age, there was infiltration by numerous immune cells in the mesosalpinx suspending the isthmus; however, the LOB prevented severe inflammation and showed deposition of collagen fibers. These results not only indicate that the FOB is a common structure within mice, but also imply the physiological function of the LOB and its role in maintaining the microenvironment around the ovary, as well as regulating healthy reproduction.
Is it godly to waste food? How understanding consumers' religion can help reduce consumer food waste
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. , Johnson Kathryn A. , Vizcaino Maricarmen , Wharton Christopher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFood waste is a problem worldwide, but solutions have yet to adequately incorporate consumers' core values—values which are often rooted in religion. Study 1 shows that restrictive religious norms (e.g., rules about food consumption, fasting) lead to greater food waste, whereas supportive religious norms (e.g., sharing food) lead to reduced food waste. Study 2 replicates prior findings and rules out competing explanations. Study 3 manipulates marketing messaging to show that consumers with higher (lower) levels of religiosity are more likely to reduce food waste with a prevention (promotion) framed message partnered with environmental reasoning or a promotion (prevention) framed message partnered with people‐based reasoning. Implications for marketers, consumer advocacy groups, and policy makers desiring to reduce food waste are provided.
Experiences of nurses involved in natural disaster relief: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative literature
Authors: Xue Chao‐Li , Shu Yu‐Sheng , Hayter Mark , Lee Amanda 
Published: September 2020

AimTo explore nurses’ experiences in natural disaster response.BackgroundNurses are key to disaster response. There is a growing body of qualitative research exploring this emerging nursing issue. However, there is a need to synthesise and summarise this body of knowledge to identify the overarching elements of how nurses experience working in disaster situations to reflect on their experiences so that we may help shape future clinical practice, research and education.DesignQualitative meta‐synthesis.MethodFollowing PROSPERO guidelines (Moher et al., 2015), an exhaustive and systematic literature search and quality appraisal was undertaken in December 2019 to reveal nurses’ experiences during natural disaster response. Sandelowski and Barroso's systematic retrieval, analysis and interpretation of findings method was used to produce a meta‐summary of findings from 10 papers evaluating experiences across 9 disasters. A meta‐aggregation was used to synthesise the findings from the studies and was methodically quality assessed with PRISMA and CASP.ResultsOur findings aggregated data from 42 sub‐themes, into the following four themes to capture nurses’ experiences after responding to disasters. These included agile response; leadership and innovative problem solving; building resilience; positive communication and need for psychological/emotional support.DiscussionThis meta‐synthesis provides evidence to illustrate nurses’ resilience and leadership capabilities as means to manage and perceive their disaster relief response. Factors such as emotional intelligence, capacity to react to changing situations, to manage scant resources in extreme situations were highlighted in nurses practising in highly stressful environments. Managers can use these examples to support ways to improve disaster management policies, but also, to engage in support for their staff.Relevance to clinical practiceThe role of nursing staff in disaster rescue is receiving significant attention. Understanding nurses’ experiences during disaster rescue can help future leaders to improve capacity to respond and nursing preparedness through education, training and management, but also for continuing emotional support after the event.
Exploring social media data to understand consumers' perception of eggs: A multilingual study using Twitter
Authors: Sass Carla Araújo Brito , Pimentel Tatiana Colombo , Aleixo Marina Gonzalez Barandela , Dantas Tiago Mendes , Cyrino Oliveira Fernando Luiz , de Freitas Mônica Queiroz , da Cruz Adriano Gomes , Esmerino Erick Almeida 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince Twitter covers a broad spectrum of topics, this study aimed to evaluate the consumer perception of an agri‐food product using its data as source of information. The keyword “eggs” was searched in different languages (English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese) and a content analysis was performed in tweets that had terms referring to the product in a food context. Although most of the perceptions regarding the use/consumption of eggs were shared among the languages, some differences could be highlighted such as the period of consumption of eggs or important concerns related to the product, such as quality, animal welfare, special diets, and price. In conclusion, we can highlight the use of Twitter as a practical source of information about consumers' perception of eggs and a dynamic tool to guide the different agents in the egg production chain. These findings can drive improvements both in zootechnical procedures (such as the way chickens were raised, feed formulation, egg processing, etc.), egg quality assurance, as well as identifying global or targeted trends in the poultry sector.Practical ApplicationSocial media has emerged as an important tool to obtain market and consumption trends around the world, attracting special attention from academics and scientists in the consumer research area. Among them, Twitter stands out, which is easy to use and a pertinent crowdsourcing platform for acquire spontaneous information elicited in real‐life situations. This is the first multilingual study available for the public on consumer's trends on eggs using Twitter and we believe that can be used by producers and traders in the egg production chain to improve production variables and quality parameters, as well as to invest in marketing strategies that are global or targeted at the different segments of egg consumers.
Hepatitis E virus genome detection in commercial pork livers and pork meat products in Germany
Authors: Pallerla Srinivas Reddy , Schembecker Sonja , Meyer Christian G. , Linh Le Thi Kieu , Johne Reimar , Wedemeyer Heiner , Bock C.‐Thomas , Kremsner Peter G. , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the most common causes of hepatitis worldwide. HEV is also widespread in many developed countries, where the number of infections is steadily increasing. In those countries, the virus is transmitted mainly through consumption of undercooked or raw food or through contact with animals. Especially, pigs serve as a main reservoir of HEV. Here, we investigated the prevalence of HEV RNA in pork livers and pork meat products to assess the actual risk of HEV infection through food consumption in Germany. A total of 131 pork products were collected from grocery stores and butcher shops between October 2019 and February 2020 and screened for HEV RNA using nested PCR and subsequent sequencing. Overall, 10% of the samples were positive for HEV, including pork livers (5%), spreadable liver sausages (13%) and liver pâté samples (15%). Sequence analyses indicated that the large majority of HEV strains belonged to subtype HEV‐3c, representing the most frequent subtype in Germany. One sample belonged to subtype HEV‐3f. Further sequence analysis revealed large sequence variation between the samples; however, most of the mutations identified were synonymous. Although infectivity of the virus was not tested, the results suggest a considerable risk of HEV infection through food consumption. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken according to a One Health approach.
Molecular typing, in vitro susceptibility and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex clinical isolates from south‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Grizante Barião Patrícia Helena , Tonani Ludmilla , Cocio Tiago Alexandre , Martinez Roberto , Nascimento Érika , von Zeska Kress Marcia Regina 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundCryptococcus neoformans/ Cryptococcus gattii species complex is composed of encapsulated yeast species that are causative agents of cryptococcosis. The characterisation of pathogenic Cryptococcus species provides useful data for epidemiological studies as well as the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterise the epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility and virulence of 72 clinical strains isolated from cryptococcosis cases between 2012 and 2017 in a tertiary reference hospital in south‐eastern Brazil.MethodsSpecies and molecular types were molecularly assessed by PCR and PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the URA5 gene. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI protocols. The virulence was studied in a Galleria mellonella infection model.ResultsThe most frequently isolated strain was C. neoformans molecular type VNI (61/72; 84.7%), although C. neoformans molecular type VNII (3/72; 4.2%) was also isolated. Additionally, C. deuterogattii molecular type VGII (8/72; 11.1%) was present, but most frequently from non‐HIV‐infected patients. Non‐wild‐type phenotype to the antifungals was observed in 26.4% (19/72) of the C. neoformans and C. deuterogattii clinical isolates, and the latter demonstrated higher MIC to fluconazole and itraconazole than C. neoformans clinical isolates. Finally, the virulence of C. neoformans and C. deuterogattii clinical isolates was diverse in G mellonella larvae and uncorrelated with the virulence factors of melanin and capsule.ConclusionsThe assessment of the spread of cryptococcal species and molecular types as well as the pattern of corresponding antifungal susceptibility and virulence aids in surveil the emergence of resistant strains, ensuring more accurate management of the cryptococcal infection.
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor: Clinicopathologic evaluation in a large series emphasizing its broad histologic spectrum
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zheng Saifang , Zhang Yanping , Yu Yijian , Zhou Luting , Zhang Wenjing , Wang Chaofu , Shen Qin , Yang Xiaoqun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JCT) is a rare renal tumor. We re‐evaluated the clinicopathologic features of 21 JCTs to summarize their variable morphologies. Immunohistochemical, fluorescent in situ hybridization and periodic acid–Schiff stains were routinely performed, and four JCT cases were detected via transmission electron microscopy. The 21 JCTs involved five males and 16 females, ranging in age from 19 years to 69 years (mean, 36.9 years; median, 34 years). The tumors were composed of large, small, or spindle cells with a round, oval or polygonal shape, arranged in various growth patterns. Both necrosis (1/21) and mitosis (2/21, with 1/50HFP, 8/50HFP) was rarely appreciated. All cases were immunoreactive for renin and CD34 (21/21), and few were positive for α‐SMA (13/21;11/21, focally; 2/21, diffusely,), CD117 (9/21, focally) and synaptophysin (3/21, focally). Ultrastructurally, all four cases exhibited secretory granules in varying sizes in the cytoplasm, two of which exhibited cellular junctions. Almost all cases (20/21) had a favorable prognosis, but one succumbed due to bone and hepatic metastases, which corresponds to malignant JCT. Our study demonstrates that JCTs may have atypical clinical presentations and variable histologic appearances. A familiarity with these features may contribute to a correct diagnosis.
Sulfonamides without trimethoprim in the treatment of Nocardia infections: A case report and literature review
Authors: Root Heather , Daniels Lindsay , Marx Ashley , Bartelt Luther A. , Lachiewicz Anne M. , van Duin David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSulfonamides are recommended as part of first‐line therapy for most Nocardia infections, with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) considered the drug of choice for susceptible isolates. However, in the case of central nervous system, disseminated disease, and other serious Nocardia infections, TMP‐SMX should not be used as monotherapy. The preferred treatment for a patient unable to take TMP‐SMX because of allergy or intolerance remains uncertain. Prior to the availability of TMP‐SMX in 1973, other sulfonamides were mainstays of treatment. We describe a Nocardia infection successfully treated with sulfadiazine in a lung transplant recipient who could not tolerate TMP‐SMX. A review of similar cases reported in the literature provides insight into the successful treatment of Nocardia infections with sulfonamide regimens not containing trimethoprim in transplant recipients and other immunocompromised hosts.
Oestradiol affects skeletal muscle mass, strength and satellite cells following repeated injuries
Authors: Larson Alexie A. , Baumann Cory W. , Kyba Michael , Lowe Dawn A. 
Published: September 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Oestradiol (E2) plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle strength in females. To what extent does E2 deficiency affect recovery of strength and satellite cell number when muscle is challenged by multiple injuries?

What is the main finding and its importance?
E2 deficiency impairs the adaptive potential of skeletal muscle following repeated injuries, as measured by muscle mass and strength. The impairment is likely multifactorial with our data indicating that one mechanism is reduction in satellite cell number. Our findings have implications for ageing, hormone replacement and regenerative medicine in regards to maintaining satellite cell number and ultimately the preservation of skeletal muscle's adaptive potential.

AbstractOestradiol's effects on skeletal muscle are multifactorial including the preservation of mass, contractility and regeneration. Here, we aimed to determine the extent to which oestradiol deficiency affects strength recovery when muscle is challenged by multiple BaCl2‐induced injuries and to assess how satellite cell number is influenced by the combination of oestradiol deficiency and repetitive skeletal muscle injuries. A longitudinal study was designed, using an in vivo anaesthetized mouse approach to precisely and repeatedly measure maximal isometric torque, coupled with endpoint fluorescence‐activated cell sorting to quantify satellite cells. Isometric torque and strength gains were lower in ovariectomized mice at several time points after the injuries compared to those treated with 17β‐oestradiol. Satellite cell number was 41–43% lower in placebo‐ than in oestradiol‐treated ovariectomized mice, regardless of injury status or number of injuries. Together, these results indicate that the loss of oestradiol blunts adaptive strength gains and that the number of satellite cells likely contributes to the impairment.
Mechanical Damage and Response of a Buried Steel Pipeline Under Subsurface Explosion Load
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Lan , Chen Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Subsurface explosions seriously threaten the safety and reliability of buried oil and gas pipeline. In order to investigate the mechanical responses of buried steel pipeline under subsurface explosion load, a numerical model of pipeline–soil coupling under explosion load was developed. Stress, displacement, plastic deformation, and local buckling of the buried pipeline were investigated. The effects of trinitrotoluene (TNT) magnitude, pipeline diameter-thickness ratio, pipeline's buried depth, explosive depth, and explosive offset on the mechanical response of pipeline were studied. The results show that the response time of buried pipeline is very short under the explosion load. There is a dent appearing on the pipeline section toward the exploding location. Cross-sectional area of the pipeline decreases along the time during the explosion, but it gradually increases for the elastic recovery. Pipeline's deformation and total energy increase gradually with the increasing of trinitrotoluene magnitude or diameter-thickness ratio, but they decrease with the increasing of the buried depth or explosive offset. With the explosive depth increases, the pipeline's plastic deformation first increases and then decreases. The pipeline's energy curve can be used to determine the buckling state under explosion load. The empirical formulas of the maximum strain and dent rate for buried pipelines have been obtained and can be used for the pipeline safety assessment.
Functional framework for change leaders: results of a qualitative study
Authors: Woods Amanda L , Luciano Margaret M , Aloia Thomas A , Gottumukkala Vijaya , Salas Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHealthcare organisations are increasingly placing the onus on care providers to lead change initiatives to improve patient care. This requires care providers to perform tasks in addition to their core job roles and often outside of their formal training. The existing literature provides few insights regarding the functions required of change leaders in healthcare organisations.ObjectiveTo identify the core functions required of effective change leaders in healthcare organisations.DesignQualitative interview study.ParticipantsData were collected from semistructured interviews with 31 individuals employed by a large cancer centre in a variety of different positions (eg, surgeons, anaesthesiologists, nurse anaesthetists, nurses, project consultants and research coordinators) who had been involved in successful quality improvement initiatives.ResultsUsing inductive content analysis, we identified six core pillars of leading change, which are supported by a foundation of effective communication. Within these six pillars, there were 12 functions, including explain why, demonstrate value, create consensus, align efforts, generate enthusiasm, motivate commitment, institute structure, explain how, facilitate taskwork, promote accountability, enable adjustment and sustain effort. Our model offers unique insights on leading sustainable change in healthcare organisations.ConclusionUsing inductive content analysis of semistructured interviews, we have identified 12 important change leader functions and have organised them into a conceptual framework for leading change in healthcare. Individuals involved in leading change initiatives or developing training programmes to help others become effective change leaders can use this framework to ensure they are comprehensively addressing the necessary tasks for sustainable change.