bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unsupervised approach for traffic motion patterns extraction
Authors: Moradi Amin , Shahbahrami Asadollah , Akoushideh Alireza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutomatic analysis, understanding typical activities, and identifying vehicle behaviour in crowded traffic scenes are fundamental and challenging tasks for traffic video surveillance. Some recent researches have been using machine learning approaches to extract meaningful patterns occurring in a traffic scene, for example, intersection. In this regard, we convert visual patterns and features to visual words using dense and sparse optical flow and learning traffic motion patterns with group sparse topical coding (GSTC) algorithm. In the first step of the proposed algorithm, the input traffic video is divided into non‐overlapping clips. After that, motion vectors are extracted using dual TV‐L1 as a dense optical flow and Lucas–Kanade as a sparse optical flow and converted to flow words. For learning traffic motion patterns, the GSTC algorithm, that is, a non‐probabilistic topic model (TM) has been applied. These patterns represent priors on observable motion, which can be utilised to describe a scene and answer behaviour questions such as what are the motion patterns in a traffic scene and what is going on. The experimental results which have been obtained using a real dataset, QUML, show that the combination of the GSTC + dual TV‐L1 extracts more traffic motion patterns in comparison with the GSTC + Lucas–Kanade and previous studies.
Detecting phone‐related pedestrian distracted behaviours via a two‐branch convolutional neural network
Authors: Saenz Humberto , Sun Huiming , Wu Lingtao , Zhou Xuesong , Yu Hongkai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe distracted phone‐use behaviours among pedestrians, like Texting, Game Playing and Phone Calls, have caused increasing fatalities and injuries. However, the research of phone‐related distracted behaviour by pedestrians has not been systemically studied. It is desired to improve both the driving and pedestrian safety by automatically discovering the phone‐related pedestrian distracted behaviours. Herein, a new computer vision‐based method is proposed to detect the phone‐related pedestrian distracted behaviours from a view of intelligent and autonomous driving. Specifically, the first end‐to‐end deep learning based Two‐Branch Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is designed for this task. Taking one synchronised image pair by two front on‐car GoPro cameras as the inputs, the proposed two‐branch CNN will extract features for each camera, fuse the extracted features and perform a robust classification. This method can also be easily extended to video‐based classification by confidence accumulation and voting. A new benchmark dataset of 448 synchronised video pairs of 53,760 images collected on a vehicle is proposed for this research. The experimental results show that using two synchronised cameras obtained better performance than using one single camera. Finally, the proposed method achieved an overall best classification accuracy of 84.3% on the new benchmark when compared to other methods.
Distance of Hi-GAL sources
Authors: Mège P. , Russeil D. , Zavagno A. , Elia D. , Molinari S. , Brunt C. M. , Butora R. , Cambresy L. , Di Giorgio A. M. , Fenouillet T. , Fukui Y. , Lambert J. C. , Makai Z. , Merello M. , Meunier J. C. , Molinaro M. , Moreau C. , Pezzuto S. , Poulin Y. , Schisano E. , Schuller F. 
Published: December 2020

Aims. Distances are key to determining the physical properties of sources. In the Galaxy, large (> 10 000) homogeneous samples of sources for which distance are available, covering the whole Galactic distance range, are still missing. Here we present a catalog of velocity and distance for a large sample (> 100 000) of Hi-GAL compact sources.
Methods. We developed a fully automatic Python package to extract the velocity and determine the distance. To assign a velocity to a Hi-GAL compact source, the code uses all the available spectroscopic data complemented by a morphological analysis. Once the velocity is determined, if no stellar or maser parallax distance is known, the kinematic distance is calculated and the distance ambiguity (for sources located inside the Solar circle) is solved with the H I self-absorption method or from distance–extinction data.
Results. Among the 150 223 compact sources of the Hi-GAL catalog, we obtained a distance for 124 069 sources for the 5σ catalog (and 128 351 sources for the 3σ catalog), where σ represents the noise level of each molecular spectrum used for the line detections made at 5σ and 3σ to produce the respective catalogs.
Mixed properties of magnetohydrodynamic waves undergoing resonant absorption in the cusp continuum
Authors: Goossens M. , Chen S.-X. , Geeraerts M. , Li B. , Van Doorsselaere T. 
Published: December 2020

Context. Observations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in the structured solar atmosphere have shown that these waves are damped and can thus contribute to atmospheric heating. In this paper, we focus on the damping mechanism of resonant absorption in the cusp continuum. This process takes places when waves travel through an inhomogeneous plasma.
Aims. Our aim is to determine the properties of MHD waves undergoing resonant absorption in the cusp continuum in the transition layer of a cylindrical solar atmospheric structure, such as a photospheric pore or a coronal loop. Depending on which quantities dominate, one can assess what type of classical MHD wave the modes in question resemble most.
Methods. In order to study the properties of these waves, we analytically determine the spatial profiles of compression, displacement, and vorticity for waves with frequencies in the cusp continuum, which undergo resonant absorption. We confirm these analytical derivations via numerical calculations of the profiles in the resistive MHD framework.
Results. We show that the dominant quantities for the modes in the cusp continuum are the displacement parallel to the background magnetic field and the vorticity component in the azimuthal direction (i.e. perpendicular to the background magnetic field and along the loop boundary).
What does (not) drive the variation of the low-mass end of the stellar initial mass function of early-type galaxies
Authors: Barbosa C. E. , Spiniello C. , Arnaboldi M. , Coccato L. , Hilker M. , Richtler T. 
Published: December 2020

Context. The stellar initial mass function (IMF) seems to be variable and not universal, contrary to what has been argued in the literature over the last three decades. Several relations of the low-mass end of the IMF slope with other stellar population, photometrical, and kinematical parameters of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) have been proposed, but consensus on the factual cause of the observed variations has not yet been reached.
Aims. We investigate the relationship between the IMF and other stellar population parameters in NGC 3311, the central galaxy of the Hydra I cluster. NGC 3311 is a unique laboratory, characterized by old and metal-rich stars, that is similar to other massive ETGs for which the IMF slope has been measured to be bottom-heavy (i.e., dwarf-rich); however, it has unusual stellar velocity dispersion and [α/Fe] profiles, both of which increase with radius.
Methods. We use the spatially resolved stellar population parameters (age, total metallicity, and [α/Fe]) that were derived in a
forthcoming paper (Barbosa et al. 2020) – via the full-spectrum fitting of high signal-to-noise MUSE observations – to compare the IMF slope in the central part of NGC 3311 (R ≲ 16 kpc) against other stellar parameters, with the goal of assessing their relations and dependencies.
Results. For NGC 3311, we unambiguously invalidate the previously observed direct correlation between the IMF slope and the local stellar velocity dispersion, confirming some doubts that had been raised in the literature. This relation may simply arise as a spatial coincidence between the region with the largest stellar velocity dispersion and the region where the oldest in situ population is found and dominates the light. We also show robust evidence that the proposed IMF−metallicity relation is contaminated by the degeneracy between these two parameters. We do confirm that the stellar content in the innermost region of NGC 3311 follows a bottom-heavy IMF, in line with other literature results. The tightest correlations we found are those between stellar age and the IMF and between the galactocentric radius and the IMF.
Conclusions. The variation of the IMF at its low-mass end is not due to kinematical, dynamical, or global properties in NGC 3311. We speculate instead that the IMF might be dwarf-dominated in the “red nuggets” that formed through a very short and intense star formation episode at high redshifts (z >  2) when the Universe was denser and richer in gas, and which then ended up being the central cores of today’s giant ellipticals.
Spatial behaviour of thermoelasticity with microtemperatures and microconcentrations
Authors: Chirilă Adina , Marin Marin 
Published: December 2020

We consider a thermoelastic material with microtemperatures and microconcentrations. The mathematical model is represented by a system of partial diﬀerential equations with the coupling of the displacement, temperature, chemical potential, microconcentrations and microtemperatures ﬁelds. The processes of heat and mass diﬀusion play an important role in many engineering applications, such as satellite problems, manufacturing of integrated circuits or oil extractions.
We study the spatial behaviour in a prismatic cylinder occupied by an anisotropic and inhomogeneous material. We impose ﬁnal prescribed data that are proportional, but not identical, to their initial values. Moreover, we have zero body forces and zero lateral boundary conditions. The spatial behaviour is analysed in terms of some cross-sectional integrals of the solution that depend on the axial variable.
Multicenter, Observational Study of Lanreotide Autogel for the Treatment of Patients with Acromegaly in Routine Clinical Practice in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Authors: Störmann Sylvère , Schopohl Jochen , Bullmann Catharina , Terkamp Christoph , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Finke Reinhard , Flitsch Jörg , Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka , Luger Anton , Stalla Günter , Houchard Aude , Helbig Dorit , Petersenn Stephan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Evidence from controlled trials has shown that lanreotide autogel is effective in achieving biochemical and symptom control in patients with acromegaly. However, it is important to better understand the real-world patient population receiving lanreotide autogel treatment.
Methods In this non-interventional study the long-term treatment response to lanreotide autogel in adult patients with acromegaly from office-based centers or clinics in Germany, Austria and Switzerland was studied. Assessments included growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I levels, symptoms, quality of life, lanreotide plasma levels and tumor somatostatin receptor subtype expression. The primary endpoint was achievement of full biochemical control, defined as growth hormone ≤2.5 µg/L and insulin-like growth factor I normalization at month 12.
Results 76 patients were enrolled from 21 sites. 7/51 (13.7%) patients of the efficacy population had full biochemical control at baseline, 15/33 (45.5%) at month 12 and 10/26 (38.5%) at month 24 of treatment. At 12 months of treatment higher rates of biochemical control were observed in the following subgroups: older patients (>53 years [median]), females, treatment-naïve patients, and patients with a time since diagnosis of longer than 1.4 years (median). No clinically relevant differences in acromegaly symptoms or quality of life scores were observed. Median fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels remained unchanged throughout the study. No new safety signals were observed. Overall tolerability of treatment with lanreotide autogel was judged by 80.8% of the enrolled patients at month 12 as ‘very good’ or ‘good’.
Conclusion Treatment with lanreotide autogel in a real-world setting showed long-term effectiveness and good tolerability in patients with acromegaly.
Point Shear Wave Elastography and the Effect of Physical Exercise, Alcohol Consumption, and Respiration in Healthy Adults
Authors: Taraldsen Victoria , Tomasgard Sunneva , Rudlang Margrethe Thune , Gilja Odd Helge , Vesterhus Mette , Mjelle Anders Batman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose Ultrasound elastography is a noninvasive method for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) with the aim of reflecting approximate liver fibrosis load. Despite minimal evidence, current guidelines recommend 10 min of rest and breath hold prior to measurements and offer no advice concerning recent alcohol consumption, leading to challenges in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate how LSM in healthy adults is influenced by physical exercise, recent alcohol consumption, and respiration.
Materials and Methods 42 healthy subjects aged 21–36 years were included. LSM using point shear wave elastography (pSWE) was performed in five stages: baseline, after physical activity, after registration of alcohol consumption, and during breath hold compared to free breathing.
Results LSM values were significantly increased following physical exercise compared to baseline values (4.1±0.8 vs. 3.8±0.8 kPa, p=0.01). Alcohol consumption during the last 72 h (0–27 alcohol units) did not significantly affect LSM. There was no significant difference between LSM during breath hold and free breathing.
Conclusion In healthy subjects, LSM increased after recent physical exercise, while alcohol consumption 24–72 h prior to examination did not have a significant impact. There was no clinically significant effect of breath hold on LSM. Our study supports present guidelines recommending rest prior to LSM, while indicating that breath hold may not be mandatory. Recent moderate alcohol exposure may affect LSM to a lesser extent than commonly believed.
The Colon Endoscopic Bubble Scale (CEBuS): a two-phase evaluation study
Authors: Taveira Filipe , Hassan Cesare , Kaminski Michal F. , Ponchon Thierry , Benamouzig Robert , Bugajski Marek , de Castelbajac Flore , Cesaro Paola , Chergui Hasnae , Goran Loredana , Minelli Grazioli Leonardo , Janičko Martin , Januszewicz Wladyslaw , Lamonaca Laura , Lenz Jamila , Negreanu Lucian , Repici Alessandro , Spada Cristiano , Spadaccini Marco , State Monica , Szlak Jakub , Veseliny Eduard , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Areia Miguel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background To date, no scale has been validated to assess bubbles associated with bowel preparation. This study aimed to develop and assess the reliability of a novel scale – the Colon Endoscopic Bubble Scale (CEBuS).
Methods This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study with two online evaluation phases of 45 randomly distributed still colonoscopy images (15 per scale grade). Observers assessed images twice, 2 weeks apart, using CEBuS (CEBuS-0 – no or minimal bubbles, covering < 5 % of the surface; CEBuS-1 – bubbles covering 5 %–50 %; CEBuS-2 – bubbles covering > 50 %) and reporting the clinical action (do nothing; wash with water; wash with simethicone).
Results CEBuS provided high levels of agreement both in evaluation Phase 1 (4 experts) and Phase 2 (6 experts and 13 non-experts), with almost perfect intraobserver reliability: kappa 0.82 (95 % confidence interval 0.75–0.88) and 0.86 (0.85–0.88); interobserver agreement – intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.83 (0.73–0.89) and 0.90 (0.86–0.94). Previous endoscopic experience had no influence on agreement among experts vs. non-experts: kappa 0.86 (0.80–0.91) vs. 0.87 (0.84–0.89) and ICC 0.91 (0.87–0.94) vs. 0.90 (0.86–0.94), respectively. Interobserver agreement on clinical action was ICC 0.63 (0.43–0.78) in Phase 1 and 0.77 (0.68–0.84) in Phase 2. Absolute agreement on clinical action per scale grade was 85 % (82–88) for CEBuS-0, 21 % (16–26) for CEBuS-1, and 74 % (70–78) for CEBuS-2.
Conclusion CEBuS proved to be a reliable instrument to standardize the evaluation of colonic bubbles during colonoscopy. Assessment in daily practice is warranted.
Interobserver reliability of methods to determine complete resection of adenomas in colonoscopy
Authors: Park Erica , Barge William , Kramer Jason , Alajati Bana , Jakate Shriram , Cimbaluk David , Giusto Deborah , Ritz Ethan , Bishehsari Faraz , Lee Saline , Singh Shubha , Losurdo John , Brown Michael , DeMeo Mark , Abraham Rana , Ma Karen , Melson Joshua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Forceps margin biopsy and polypectomy specimen margins have both been used to assess for polypectomy resection adequacy. The interobserver reliability of the two methods has not been well described.
Methods The interpretability of polypectomy specimens for presence of residual neoplasia at the margin was assessed by two blinded pathologists. Next, the concordance of forceps margin biopsy interpretations between three blinded pathologists was evaluated by calculation of interobserver κ.
Results Rates of polypectomy specimen margin interpretability were low: 24/92 (26 %) for pathologist A, 28/92 (30.4 %) for pathologist B. Concordance of forceps margin biopsy interpretations (n = 129) between pathologists was high. Two internal pathologists showed substantial agreement in margin biopsy interpretations (κ 0.779; 95 %CL 0.543, 0.912). The concordance remained strong after biopsies were reviewed by a third, external pathologist (κ 0.829; 95 %CL 0.658, 0.924). There was complete agreement on 123/129 (95.3 %) between all three pathologists for presence of neoplasia.
Conclusion The majority of polypectomy specimen margins were uninterpretable by pathologists for presence of residual neoplasia. Forceps margin biopsy shows strong interobserver reliability in adenomatous lesions.
Mild and Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trisubstituted Pyrroles
Authors: Hsu Ming-Hua , Kapoor Mohit , Pradhan Tapan Kumar , Tse Man-Him , Chen Hsin-Ya , Yan Man-Jun , Cheng Yu-Tsen , Lin Yu-Cheng , Hsieh Cheng-Ying , Liu Ker-Yin , Han Chien-Chung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA sustainable and time economic approach has been developed for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles using copper iodide as a catalyst. The reaction proceeded through imine formation followed by cyclization with alkyne-Cu intermediate, which was supported by control experiments studies. The newly formed substituted pyrroles were obtained in excellent yields with high regioselectivity under mild conditions.
Periodontal Disease as a Predictor of Undiagnosed Diabetes or Prediabetes in Dental Patients
Authors: Heji Esraa S. , Bukhari Abdullah A. , Bahammam Manal A. , Homeida Lujain A. , Aboalshamat Khalid T. , Aldahlawi Salwa A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives The study investigates whether periodontal parameters can identify subjects with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) or pre-DM in patients seeking dental treatment at a university dental hospital.
Materials and Methods Adults older than 35 years, not being diagnosed with DM before and have at least one of the risk factors of DM were included in the study. All subjects received a complete periodontal examination, filled a medical history survey, and a fasting blood glucose measurement was obtained. A multiple logistic regression test using a backward elimination method to assess factors that predict if the participant is healthy, prediabetic or diabetic was done. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results A total of 61 subjects were enrolled with an average age of 42.9 ± 9.4 years. Having a family member diagnosed with DM was reported by 64.5% of the subjects; 59% were diagnosed with advanced periodontal disease. The final logistic regression model included smoking, hypertension, family history of DM, and percentage of clinical attachment loss >3 mm was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The model explained 47.7% of the diabetes condition and correctly classified 69.4% of cases. Participants with a family history of diabetes are 4.98 times more likely to exhibit prediabetic or diabetic status. Each unit increase in the percentage of clinical attachment loss increases the likelihood of participant to be prediabetic or diabetic by 1.104 times.
Conclusion Dental patients presenting with severe clinical attachment loss and family history of DM have increased likelihood of undiagnosed DM or pre-DM and would benefit from screening at the dental office.
The Response of the Tongue Epithelial on Cigarette Smoke Exposure as a Risk Factor for Oral Cancer Development
Authors: Prasetyaningtyas Neken , Jatiatmaja Nabilah Azzahra , Radithia Desiana , Hendarti Hening Tuti , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Hadi Priyo , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Zain Rosnah binti , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective The aim of this study is to analyze the tongue epithelial response to cigarette smoke exposure on a number of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression to determine the risk factor of oral cancer development.Materials and Methods Thirty Rattus norvegicus will be exposed to two kinds of cigarette smoke by a smoking pump for 4 and 8 weeks. The tongues were collected to analyze the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells with hematoxylin-eosin. The MMP-9 expression was similarly analyzed with immunohistochemical staining and then compared with the control group.Results The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression was higher in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure compared to the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure and the control group (p < 0.000). The number of plasma cell did not differ in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure from that of the control group (p > 0.05). The number of plasma cells in the tongue tissue during the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure was not determined.Conclusion Cigarette smoke exposure induces the risk of oral cancer development as a result of an increase in the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression in the tongue epithelial.