bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-mechanical aspects of cutting forces and tool wear in the laser-assisted turning of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy using AlTiN coated cutting tools
Authors: Habrat Witold , Krupa Krzysztof , Markopoulos Angelos P. , Karkalos Nikolaos E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMachining of hard-to-cut materials with conventional processes is still considered as a challenge, as the special properties of these materials often lead to rapid tool wear and reduced surface integrity. For that reason, it is preferable to combine conventional machining processes with other technologies in order to overcome the problems of machining these materials. In the present work, laser-assisted turning experiments on a Ti-6Al-4V workpiece were conducted using AlTiN coated cutting tools in order to investigate the effect of laser heating on cutting forces, cutting temperature, tool wear and microstructure alterations. Two series of experiments were performed under varying cutting speed, laser spot diameter and workpiece diameter values; the first series involved only laser heating of the workpiece and the second both laser heating and cutting. The findings revealed the effect of process parameters on cutting forces and temperature determining the importance of workpiece diameter size, indicated the formation of martensite phase at the top of the heat-affected zone of the workpiece and also showed that high temperatures can lead to intensive tool wear, instead of having a beneficial effect for the cutting tool. Finally, finite element (FE) simulations were carried out in order to study the time evolution of the temperature field and calculate the heating and cooling rates during the process. From the FE results, relatively high heating and cooling rates were observed for smaller workpiece diameters and lower cutting speed, whereas the high magnitude of these rates justified the creation of the martensite phase through a diffusionless transformation.
Hevea brasiliensis coniferaldehyde-5-hydroxylase (HbCAld5H) regulates xylogenesis, structure and lignin chemistry of xylem cell wall in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Pramod S. , Saha Thakurdas , Rekha K. , Kavi Kishor P. B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKey messageThe HbCAld5H1 gene cloned from Hevea brasiliensis regulates the cambial activity, xylem differentiation, syringyl–guaiacyl ratio, secondary wall structure, lignification pattern and xylan distribution in xylem fibres of transgenic tobacco plants.AbstractMolecular characterization of lignin biosynthesis gene coniferaldehyde-5-hydroxylase (CAld5H)fromHevea brasiliensisand its functional validation was performed. Both sense and antisense constructs ofHbCAld5H1gene were introduced into tobacco throughAgrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation for over expression and down-regulation of this key enzyme to understand its role affecting structural and cell wall chemistry. The anatomical studies of transgenic tobacco plants revealed the increase of cambial activity leading to xylogenesis in sense lines and considerable reduction in antisense lines. The ultra-structural studies showed that the thickness of secondary wall (S2 layer) of fibre had been decreased with non-homogenous lignin distribution in antisense lines, while sense lines showed an increase in S2 layer thickness. Maule color reaction revealed that syringyl lignin distribution in the xylem elements was increased in sense and decreased in antisense lines. The immunoelectron microscopy revealed a reduction in LM 10 and LM 11 labelling in the secondary wall of antisense tobacco lines. Biochemical studies showed a radical increase in syringyl lignin in sense lines without any significant change in total lignin content, while S/G ratio decreased considerably in antisense lines. Our results suggest thatCAld5Hgene plays an important role in xylogenesis stages such as cambial cell division, secondary wall thickness, xylan and syringyl lignin distribution in tobacco. Therefore,CAld5Hgene could be considered as a promising target for lignin modification essential for timber quality improvement in rubber.
Three-dimensional modeling and automatic analysis of the human nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses using the computational fluid dynamics method
Authors: Tretiakow Dmitry , Tesch Krzysztof , Meyer-Szary Jarosław , Markiet Karolina , Skorek Andrzej 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The goal of this study was to develop a complete workflow allowing for conducting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of airflow through the upper airways based on computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies of individual adult patients.

Methods
This study is based on CT images of 16 patients. Image processing and model generation of the human nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were performed using open-source and freeware software. 3-D Slicer was used primarily for segmentation and new surface model generation. Further processing was done using Autodesk® Meshmixer TM. The governing equations are discretized by means of the finite volume method. Subsequently, the corresponding algebraic equation systems were solved by OpenFOAM software.

Results
We described the protocol for the preparation of a 3-D model of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and highlighted several problems that the future researcher may encounter. The CFD results were presented based on examples of 3-D models of the patient 1 (norm) and patient 2 (pathological changes).

Conclusion
The short training time for new user without a prior experience in image segmentation and 3-D mesh editing is an important advantage of this type of research. Both CBCT and CT are useful for model building. However, CBCT may have limitations. The Q criterion in CFD illustrates the considerable complication of the nasal flow and allows for direct evaluation and quantitative comparison of various flows and can be used for the assessment of nasal airflow.
Perinatal factors contributing to chronic kidney disease in a cohort of Japanese children with very low birth weight
Authors: Uemura Osamu , Ishikura Kenji , Kaneko Tetsuji , Hirano Daishi , Hamasaki Yuko , Ogura Masao , Mikami Naoaki , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Sahashi Takeshi , Fujita Naoya , Yamamoto Masaki , Hibino Satoshi , Nakano Masaru , Wakano Yasuhiro , Honda Masataka 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Developmental programming of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in young adults is linked to preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Which confers a higher risk of progression to chronic kidney damage in children with very low birth weight (VLBW; born weighing < 1500 g): prematurity or IUGR?

Methods
This is a national historical cohort study of children with VLBW cared for in perinatal medical centers in Japan. Predictive factors included three latent variables (prematurity, IUGR, stress during neonatal period) and eight observed variables (gestational age, birth weight Z-score, maternal age, duration of treatment with antibiotics and diuretics, maternal smoking, late-onset circulatory collapse, kidney dysfunction) during the perinatal period. The primary endpoint was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at age ≥ 3 years. A structural equation model was used to examine the pathologic constitution.

Results
The 446 children with VLBW included 253 boys and 193 girls, of mean age 5.8 ± 2.6 years and mean eGFR 111.7 ml/min/1.73 m2 at last encounter. Pathway analyses showed intrauterine malnutrition (β = 0.85) contributed more to chronic kidney damage than stress during the neonatal period (β = − 0.19) and prematurity (β = 0.12), and kidney dysfunction and late-onset circulatory collapse were important observed variables in stress during the neonatal period.

Conclusions
IUGR was more harmful to future kidneys of VLBW neonates. Neonatal kidney dysfunction and late-onset circulatory collapse were important risk factors for subsequent CKD development. This emphasizes the need for obstetricians to monitor for fetal growth restriction and neonatologists to minimize neonatal stress to prevent CKD in later life.
Patient preferences for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: how much benefit is worthwhile from the patient’s perspective?
Authors: Leuthold Nicolas , Cattaneo Marco , Halter Jörg , Hügli Claudia , Kirsch Monika , Petropoulou Anna , Erlanger Tobias E. , Gerull Sabine , Passweg Jakob , O’Meara Stern Alix 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOncological studies have shown that patients consider small benefits sufficient to make adjuvant chemotherapy worthwhile. We sought to determine the minimal survival benefits that patients considered enough to legitimate allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) and the factors associated with patient preferences. One hundred eighty-four patients having previously received allogeneic HCT at our centre were included and completed a questionnaire exploring patient expectations elicited by time trade-off scenarios as well as quality of life (QoL), symptoms of graft-versus host disease (GvHD) and sociodemographic characteristics. The majority of patients considered a minimal survival benefit of at least 5 (38.6%) or 10 years (41.9%) sufficient to justify HCT, with less than 5% considering survival < 1 year sufficient to warrant HCT. In terms of minimal cure rate, a cumulative 14.8% of patients accepted cure rates below 30% and 30.6% rates below 50%. Likelihood-ratio tests were significant for the effect of age at transplant on expected minimal survival (p = 0.007) and cure rates (p = 0.0001); that is, younger patients at HCT were more likely to accept smaller survival and cure rates. Pre-transplant risk score, QoL, GvHD score and sociological factors did not seem to influence patients’ expectations. In conclusion, patient expectations of treatment were much higher than what had been reported in oncological studies. Patients who experienced HCT considered a survival superior to 1 year and cure rates above 50% sufficient to make it worthwhile. Younger patients were more likely to accept smaller benefits; no other predictors for preferences could be detected.
Social viewing in cinematic virtual reality: a design space for social movie applications
Authors: Rothe Sylvia , Schmidt Alexander , Montagud Mario , Buschek Daniel , Hußmann Heinrich 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince watching movies is a social experience for most people, it is important to know how an application should be designed for enabling shared cinematic virtual reality (CVR) experiences via head-mounted displays (HMDs). Viewers can feel isolated when watching omnidirectional movies with HMDs. Even if they are watching the movie simultaneously, they do not automatically see the same field of view, since they can freely choose their viewing direction. Our goal is to explore interaction techniques to efficiently support social viewing and to improve social movie experiences in CVR. Based on the literature review and insights from earlier work, we identify seven challenges that need to be addressed: communication, field-of-view (FoV) awareness, togetherness, accessibility, interaction techniques, synchronization, and multiuser environments. We investigate four aspects (voice chat, sending emotion states, FoV indication, and video chat) to address some of the challenges and report the results of four user studies. Finally, we present and discuss a design space for CVR social movie applications and highlight directions for future work.
The influence of inlet velocity profile on predicted flow in type B aortic dissection
Authors: Armour Chlöe Harriet , Guo Baolei , Pirola Selene , Saitta Simone , Liu Yifan , Dong Zhihui , Xu Xiao Yun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order for computational fluid dynamics to provide quantitative parameters to aid in the clinical assessment of type B aortic dissection, the results must accurately mimic the hemodynamic environment within the aorta. The choice of inlet velocity profile (IVP) therefore is crucial; however, idealised profiles are often adopted, and the effect of IVP on hemodynamics in a dissected aorta is unclear. This study examined two scenarios with respect to the influence of IVP—using (a) patient-specific data in the form of a three-directional (3D), through-plane (TP) or flat IVP; and (b) non-patient-specific flow waveform. The results obtained from nine simulations using patient-specific data showed that all forms of IVP were able to reproduce global flow patterns as observed with 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging. Differences in maximum velocity and time-averaged wall shear stress near the primary entry tear were up to 3% and 6%, respectively, while pressure differences across the true and false lumen differed by up to 6%. More notable variations were found in regions of low wall shear stress when the primary entry tear was close to the left subclavian artery. The results obtained with non-patient-specific waveforms were markedly different. Throughout the aorta, a 25% reduction in stroke volume resulted in up to 28% and 35% reduction in velocity and wall shear stress, respectively, while the shape of flow waveform had a profound influence on the predicted pressure. The results of this study suggest that 3D, TP and flat IVPs all yield reasonably similar velocity and time-averaged wall shear stress results, but TP IVPs should be used where possible for better prediction of pressure. In the absence of patient-specific velocity data, effort should be made to acquire patient’s stroke volume and adjust the applied IVP accordingly.
Thermal instability of a viscoelastic fluid in a fluid-porous system with a plane Poiseuille flow
Authors: Yin Chen , Wang Chunwu , Wang Shaowei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe thermal convection of a Jeffreys fluid subjected to a plane Poiseuille flow in a fluid-porous system composed of a fluid layer and a porous layer is studied in the paper. A linear stability analysis and a Chebyshev τ-QZ algorithm are employed to solve the thermal mixed convection. Unlike the case in a single layer, the neutral curves of the two-layer system may be bi-modal in the proper depth ratio of the two layers. We find that the longitudinal rolls (LRs) only depend on the depth ratio. With the existence of the shear flow, the effects of the depth ratio, the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number, the stress relaxation, and strain retardation times on the transverse rolls (TRs) are also studied. Additionally, the thermal instability of the viscoelastic fluid is found to be more unstable than that of the Newtonian fluid in a two-layer system. In contrast to the case for Newtonian fluids, the TRs rather than the LRs may be the preferred mode for the viscoelastic fluids in some cases.
New groups of solutions to the Whitham-Broer-Kaup equation
Authors: Wang Yaji , Xu Hang , Sun Q. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Whitham-Broer-Kaup model is widely used to study the tsunami waves. The classical Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations are re-investigated in detail by the generalized projective Riccati-equation method. 20 sets of solutions are obtained of which, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, some have not been reported in literature. Bifurcation analysis of the planar dynamical systems is then used to show different phase portraits of the traveling wave solutions under various parametric conditions.
Cluster-based information retrieval using pattern mining
Authors: Djenouri Youcef , Belhadi Asma , Djenouri Djamel , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of responding to user queries by fetching the most relevant object from a clustered set of objects. It addresses the common drawbacks of cluster-based approaches and targets fast, high-quality information retrieval. For this purpose, a novel cluster-based information retrieval approach is proposed, named Cluster-based Retrieval using Pattern Mining (CRPM). This approach integrates various clustering and pattern mining algorithms. First, it generates clusters of objects that contain similar objects. Three clustering algorithms based on k-means, DBSCAN (Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise), and Spectral are suggested to minimize the number of shared terms among the clusters of objects. Second, frequent and high-utility pattern mining algorithms are performed on each cluster to extract the pattern bases. Third, the clusters of objects are ranked for every query. In this context, two ranking strategies are proposed: i) Score Pattern Computing (SPC), which calculates a score representing the similarity between a user query and a cluster; and ii) Weighted Terms in Clusters (WTC), which calculates a weight for every term and uses the relevant terms to compute the score between a user query and each cluster. Irrelevant information derived from the pattern bases is also used to deal with unexpected user queries. To evaluate the proposed approach, extensive experiments were carried out on two use cases: the documents and tweets corpus. The results showed that the designed approach outperformed traditional and cluster-based information retrieval approaches in terms of the quality of the returned objects while being very competitive in terms of runtime.
Cross-border acquisition activity by Chinese multinationals and domestic-productivity upgrading
Authors: Guo Wenxin , Clougherty Joseph A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigate the impact of cross-border acquisition activity on the domestic productivity of Chinese multinationals. Chinese MNEs have engaged in cross-border acquisitions in an attempt to explore for new capabilities, technologies and management practices so as to enhance productivity and compete in increasingly competitive domestic markets. Empirical scholarship, however, has yet to establish that cross-border acquisition activity by emerging-market multinationals generally contributes to domestic-productivity upgrading, as learning from foreign-acquisition targets, transferring and assimilating this learning, and ultimately upgrading the productivity of home operations represents a challenging and complicated process. We accordingly apply and advance the literature on reverse-knowledge transfers and capability upgrading by first considering the relevance of cross-border acquisition activities on domestic productivity in an emerging-market context, and by second extending the literature’s understanding of the target-firm characteristics which abet domestic-productivity upgrading. Employing firm-level panel data based on 329 Chinese multinationals over the 2000–2010 period, we find outward cross-border acquisition activities generate increased domestic productivity. In addition, we find domestic-productivity upgrading to be larger when acquiring high-tech (versus low-tech) targets and that this effect is further enhanced when acquiring related (versus unrelated) targets.
Fragmented dry grasslands preserve unique components of plant species and phylogenetic diversity in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Deák Balázs , Rádai Zoltán , Lukács Katalin , Kelemen András , Kiss Réka , Bátori Zoltán , Kiss Péter János , Valkó Orsolya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn intensively used landscapes biodiversity is often restricted to fragmented habitats. Exploring the biodiversity potential of habitat fragments is essential in order to reveal their complementary role in maintaining landscape-scale biodiversity. We investigated the conservation potential of dry grassland fragments in the Great Hungarian Plain, i.e. patch-like habitats on ancient burial mounds and linear-shaped habitats in verges, and compared them to continuous grasslands. We focused on plant taxonomic diversity, species richness of specialists, generalists and weeds, and the phylogenetic diversity conserved in the habitats. Verges meshing the landscape are characterised by a small core area and high level of disturbance. Their species pool was more similar to grasslands than mounds due to the lack of dispersal limitations. They held high species richness of weeds and generalists and only few specialists. Verges preserved only a small proportion of the evolutionary history of specialists, which were evenly distributed between the clades. Isolated mounds are characterised by a small area, a high level of environmental heterogeneity, and a low level of disturbance. Steep slopes of species accumulation curves suggest that high environmental heterogeneity likely contributes to the high species richness of specialists on mounds. Mounds preserved the same amount of phylogenetic diversity represented by the branch-lengths as grasslands. Abundance-weighted evolutionary distinctiveness of specialists was more clustered in these habitats due to the special habitat conditions. For the protection of specialists in transformed landscapes it is essential to focus efforts on preserving both patch-like and linear grassland fragments containing additional components of biodiversity.
Commentary: 20 years online with “Your Disease Risk”
Authors: Colditz Graham A. , Dart Hank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Your Disease Risk tool (yourdiseaserisk.wustl.edu) went live to the public in January 2000 and was one of the first personalized health risk assessment sites on the Internet. Its launch marked the culmination of years of work by a large, multi-disciplinary university team whose primary goal was to translate the science on cancer prevention into accurate, engaging, and useful messages for the public. Today, 20 years on, Your Disease Risk has expanded from its initial four cancers to include 18 different tools designed for today’s users. This commentary reviews important moments and lessons learned in the first two decades of Your Disease Risk.
Swelling of individual cellulose nanofibrils in water, role of crystallinity: an AFM study
Authors: Ottesen Vegar , Syverud Kristin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to quantitatively study nanomaterials in different media, e.g. vacuum, air, or submerged in a liquid.
A technique was developed to study swelling of individual cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) using AFM.
As a case study, CNFs with different degrees of crystallinity (DoC) were examined for swellability going from dry to wet (submerged in de-ionized water). Swelling was found to depend on DoC, but no significant correlation between fibril diameter and swellability was seen. Upon introduction of de-ionized water high DoC samples ($$65\pm 2\%$$

65
±
2
%

) were found to have a diameter increase of 34% on average, whereas low DoC ($$44\pm 2\%$$

44
±
2
%

) were found to have a diameter increase of 44% on average. A tested control, consisting of platinum nanowires on silisium, did not swell.

Graphic abstract