bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting with New Partners in COVID‐19 Response
Authors: Grizzle David , Goodin Amy , Robinson Scott E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis has called for the mobilization of diverse resources and coordination through administrative networks. This mobilization has brought to light the challenges involved in the recruitment and retention of diverse administrative networks. This Viewpoint essay reviews the importance and difficulties of maintaining diverse administrative networks. The review is followed by concrete strategies for building and maintaining diverse networks in Norman, Oklahoma. The lessons emphasize the role of active and imaginative recruitment and a realistic assessment of the challenges facing members of the network that can interfere with their participation.
Central nervous system infections in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Basic‐Jukic Nikolina , Juric Ivana , Furic‐Cunko Vesna , Kastelan Zeljko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to determine the incidence, etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of renal transplant recipients diagnosed and treated for central nervous system (CNS) infection at our institution.MethodsWe analyzed data from all renal transplant recipients between January 2007 and December 2019 that were diagnosed and treated for CNS infections at our institution.ResultsOf 1374 patients who received renal allografts, 13 were diagnosed with CNS infections (9 males), with a mean age of 53.5 years. Patients were diagnosed with CNS infections between 2 months and 11 years after the transplantation. Causative agents included JC virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Cryptococcus neoformans, Herpes zoster virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes, and West Nile virus. One patient had concomitant Nocardia and Neisseria infection. Immunosuppression was reduced in all patients. The patient with JC encephalitis and the patient with concomitant Neisseria and Nocardia meningitis died. One patient was returned to dialysis. Other patients recovered with differing levels of neurologic sequelae.ConclusionCentral nervous system infections in renal transplant recipients are rare. However, they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A high level of awareness is needed: neurological symptoms may be nonspecific and caused by non‐infectious conditions related to the underlying disease, or side‐effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Political metaphor in world Englishes
Authors: Musolff Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of the key‐metaphor complexes in conceptualizing national identity is that of the nation as a body or a person, especially in English‐speaking cultures, as evidenced in the lexicalization of phrases such asbody politic, head of state). It has a long conceptual history and still figures prominently in present‐day political discourse, both in Inner Circle English‐speaking countries and internationally. It thus seems to show considerable semantic stability; however, it is still an open question whether theuseofbody‐orperson‐based metaphors in international English means that recipients in different culturesunderstandthese metaphors uniformly. This paper discusses empirical evidence from an international interpretation survey that shows substantial variation in conceptualization of the nation as a body, with five main conceptual scenarios (nation as body, nation's territory as body, nation as body part, nation as part of egoandnation as person).
The status and functions of English in contemporary Lebanon
Authors: Banat Hadi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is a descriptive case study of the status and functions of English in contemporary Lebanon. It consults archival research (primary and secondary sources), firsthand observations, and governmental artifacts for data collection purposes. I use such data to portray the spread of English in various domains of use and build an evidence‐based argument about the relationship between policy making/implementation and its effects on local users for practicing agency in promoting the status of English. The paper includes a sociohistorical overview of the Lebanese context and discusses findings in relation to the uses of English, the role of educational institutions in enforcing language policies, and users’ interactions with language policy and planning. The sociolinguistic profiling of English in Lebanon facilitates a unique analysis of a multifaceted argument in favor of linguistic pragmatism over linguistic colonialism for institutionalizing the uses and functions of English in an Arabic speaking country.
Samoan English: An emerging variety in the South Pacific
Authors: Biewer Carolin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile much has been published on Outer Circle varieties of English in Asia and Africa, Outer Circle Englishes in the South Pacific (SPE) are still relatively unknown. This paper focuses on Samoan English, a newly emerging variety in Samoa, an island state in Polynesia. The paper discusses the role of English in Samoa's past and present and describes major structural features of Samoan English in terms of its phonology, lexicon and grammar. Local discourse and pragmatic strategies will also be touched upon. The study is based on recordings of Samoan speakers made during a field trip and a newspaper corpus of 300,000 words from the Samoa Observer, a local newspaper. The study demonstrates that we can indeed speak of Samoan English as a variety in the making and that it is useful to consider SPE to gain a better understanding of the evolution and nature of Outer Circle Englishes in general.
Shimura varieties at level and Galois representations
Authors: Caraiani Ana , Gulotta Daniel R. , Hsu Chi-Yun , Johansson Christian , Mocz Lucia , Reinecke Emanuel , Shih Sheng-Chi 
Published: May 2020

We show that the compactly supported cohomology of certain $\text{U}(n,n)$- or $\text{Sp}(2n)$-Shimura varieties with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}_{1}(p^{\infty })$-level vanishes above the middle degree. The only assumption is that we work over a CM field $F$ in which the prime $p$ splits completely. We also give an application to Galois representations for torsion in the cohomology of the locally symmetric spaces for $\text{GL}_{n}/F$. More precisely, we use the vanishing result for Shimura varieties to eliminate the nilpotent ideal in the construction of these Galois representations. This strengthens recent results of Scholze [On torsion in the cohomology of locally symmetric varieties, Ann. of Math. (2) 182 (2015), 945–1066; MR 3418533] and Newton–Thorne [Torsion Galois representations over CM fields and Hecke algebras in the derived category, Forum Math. Sigma 4 (2016), e21; MR 3528275].
Skeletal Muscle Composition and Glucose Levels in Children Who Are Overweight and Obese
Authors: Herda Trent J. , Gallagher Philip M. , Miller Jonathan D. , Bubak Matthew P. , Parra Mandy E. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Skeletal muscle is overlooked in the realm of insulin resistance in children who are overweight and obese despite the fact that it accounts for the most glucose disposal. Objectives: Therefore, this study examined fasted glucose levels and muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity (EI) via ultrasound images of the first dorsal interosseous, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris in children who are normal weight and overweight and obese aged 8–10 years. Methods: In total, 13 males (age = 9.0 [0.7] y) and 7 females (age = 9.0 [0.8] y) volunteered for this study. Independent samples t tests and effect sizes (ESs) were used to examine potential differences in skeletal muscle composition and glucose concentrations. Results: There were no significant differences between groups for glucose concentration (P = .07, ES = 0.86); however, the children who were overweight and obese had significantly greater EI (P < .01, ES = 0.98–1.63) for the first dorsal interosseous, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris and lower cross-sectional area when normalized to EI when collapsed across muscles (P < .04, ES = 0.92). Glucose concentrations correlated with EI and cross-sectional area/EI for the vastus lateralis (r = .514 to −.593) and rectus femoris (r = .551 to −.513), but not the first dorsal interosseous. Discussion: There is evidence that adiposity-related pathways leading to insulin resistance and skeletal muscle degradation are active in young children who are overweight and obese.
Helminth infections, atopy, asthma and allergic diseases: protocol for a systematic review of observational studies worldwide
Authors: Arrais Margarete , Maricoto Tiago , Cooper Philip , Gama Jorge M R , Nwaru Bright I , Brito Miguel , Taborda-Barata Luís 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionChildhood infections, particularly those caused by helminths are considered to be important environmental exposures influencing the development of allergic diseases. However, epidemiological studies focusing on the relationship between helminth infections and risk of allergic diseases, performed worldwide, show inconsistent findings. Previous systematic reviews of observational studies published 10 or more years ago showed conflicting findings for effects of helminths on allergic diseases. Over the past 10 years there has been growing literature addressing this research area and these need to be considered in order to appreciate the most contemporary evidence. The objective of the current systematic review will be to provide an up-to-date synthesis of findings of observational studies investigating the influence of helminth infections on atopy, and allergic diseases.Methods and analysisThis systematic review protocol was registered at PROSPERO. We will search Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, ISI Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library, Scielo, IndMed, PakMediNet, KoreaMed, Ichushi for published studies from 1970 to January 2020. Bibliographies of all eligible studies will be reviewed to identify additional studies. Unpublished and ongoing research will also be searched in key databases. There will be no language or geographical restrictions regarding publications. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme quality assessment tool will be used to appraise methodological quality of included studies. A descriptive summary with data tables will be constructed, and if adequate, meta-analysis using random-effects will be performed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be followed for reporting of the systematic review.Ethics and disseminationSince this systematic review will be only based on published and retrievable literature, no ethics approval will be sought. The multidisciplinary team performing this systematic review will participate in relevant dissemination activities. Findings will be presented at scientific meetings and publish the systematic review in international, peer-reviewed, open-access journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020167249.
NKTR-214 immunotherapy synergizes with radiotherapy to stimulate systemic CD8+T cell responses capable of curing multi-focal cancer
Authors: Walker Joshua M , Rolig Annah S , Charych Deborah H , Hoch Ute , Kasiewicz Melissa J , Rose Daniel C , McNamara Michael J , Hilgart-Martiszus Ian F , Redmond William L 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundHigh-dose radiotherapy (RT) is known to be immunogenic, but is rarely capable of driving clinically relevant abscopal antitumor immunity as monotherapy. RT is known to increase antigen presentation, type I/II interferon responses, and immune cell trafficking to irradiated tumors. Bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214) is a CD122-preferential interleukin 2 (IL-2) pathway agonist that has been shown to increase tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, T cell clonality, and increase PD-1 expression. NKTR-214 has increased drug half-life, decreased toxicity, and increased CD8+T cell and natural killer cell stimulation compared with IL-2.MethodsAnimals bearing bilateral subcutaneous MCA-205 fibrosarcoma or CT26 colorectal tumors were treated with NKTR-214, RT, or combination therapy, and tumor growth of irradiated and abscopal lesions was assessed. Focal RT was delivered using a small animal radiation research platform. Peripheral and tumor-infiltrating immune phenotype and functional analyses were performed by flow cytometry. RNA expression profiling from both irradiated and abscopal lesions was performed using microarray.ResultsWe demonstrate synergy between RT of a single tumor and NKTR-214 systemic therapy resulting in dramatically increased cure rates of mice bearing bilateral tumors compared with RT or NKTR-214 therapy alone. Combination therapy resulted in increased magnitude and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+T cell responses and increased trafficking of these T cells to both irradiated and distant, unirradiated, tumors.ConclusionsGiven the increasing role of hypofractionated and stereotactic body RT as standard of care treatments in the management of locally advanced and metastatic cancer, these data have important implications for future clinical trial development. The combination of RT and NKTR-214 therapy potently stimulates systemic antitumor immunity and should be evaluated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic solid tumors.
Implications of achieving TICI 2b vs TICI 3 reperfusion in patients with ischemic stroke: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Wu Xiao , Khunte Mihir , Gandhi Dheeraj , Matouk Charles , Hughes Danny R , Sanelli Pina , Malhotra Ajay 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) depends on the degree of recanalization achieved. We aimed to determine the health outcomes and cost implications of achieving TICI 2b vs TICI 3 reperfusion in acute stroke patients with LVO.MethodsA decision-analytic study was performed with Markov modeling to estimate the lifetime quality-adjusted life years (QALY) of EVT-treated patients, and costs based on the degree of reperfusion achieved. The study was performed with a societal perspective in the United States' setting. The base case calculations were performed in three age groups: 55-, 65-, and 75-year-old patients.ResultsWithin 90 days, achieving TICI 3 resulted in a cost saving of $3676 per patient and health benefit of 11 days in perfect health as compared with TICI 2b. In the long term, for the three age groups, achieving TICI 3 resulted in cost savings of $46,498, $25,832, and $15 719 respectively, and health benefits of 2.14 QALYs, 1.71 QALYs, and 1.23 QALYs. Every 1% increase in TICI 3 in 55-year-old patients nationwide resulted in a cost saving of $3.4 million and a health benefit of 156 QALYs. Among 65-year-old patients, the corresponding cost savings and health benefit were $1.9 million and 125 QALYs.ConclusionThere are substantial cost and health implications in achieving complete vs incomplete reperfusion after EVT. Our study provides a framework to assess the cost-benefit analysis of emerging diagnostic and therapeutic techniques that might improve patient selection, and increase the chances of achieving complete reperfusion.
Central charges from thermodynamics method in 3D gravity
Authors: Mahdavian Yekta Davood , Golchin Hanif 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the context of guage/gravity duality, we investigate the central charges of a number of 2-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) that might live on the boundary of some 3-dimensional (3D) toy models of gravity, from the thermodynamics aspect of the black holes. For many black hole solutions, the entropy product of the inner Cauchy and outer event horizons is universal (mass independent). It is proposed that for these solutions, the central charges of the left- and right-moving sectors of the dual CFTs should be the same and one may read the central charges from the universal entropy product. This provides strong motivations for investigating this prescription for BTZ and Warped $$\hbox {AdS}_{{3}}$$AdS3 black holes in a number of 3D gravity theories and we will show that the proposal works truly. One striking result of our analysis is that if the entropy product is not universal in any theory of 3D gravity, then the left and right central charges are not equal.
Thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline Bi2Se3−x by powder compaction sintering
Authors: Zhou Ying , Ge Zhenhua , Guo Jun , Feng Jing 
Published: May 2020

[Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text] compound (where Pn = Bi and Sb, Ch = Te, Se, and S), which has attracted increasing attention as a candidate for use in thermoelectric applications. Previous studies demonstrated the advantage of [Formula: see text] thermoelectric materials, despite an inferior thermoelectric performance. Herein, a series of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) thermoelectric materials were prepared by powder compaction sintering. The effects of phase structures and microstructure of the [Formula: see text] bulk material were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The thermoelectric properties, including Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, were measured systematically. The results show that carrier concentration increased with decreasing Se content, which in turn affected the electrical transport properties. Low Se contents gave larger power factor (PF) values than the pristine [Formula: see text] sample, the maximum PF value being [Formula: see text] at 320 K for [Formula: see text]. The variation in PF was attributed to the variations in electrical conductivity [Formula: see text] and Seebeck coefficient [Formula: see text] upon optimizing Se content. The [Formula: see text] samples showed an enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) with increasing measurement temperature, due to the increased [Formula: see text] value, [Formula: see text], and decreased [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] sample exhibited the highest ZT (0.28) at 575 K, while [Formula: see text] exhibited the lowest ZT (0.14) at 325 K. This indicated that tuning Se content was an effective way to enhance carrier concentration.
Measurement of geophysical effects on the large-scale gravitational-wave interferometer
Authors: Gusev A. V. , Majorana E. , Rudenko V. N. , Yushkin V. D. 
Published: May 2020

Geophysical application of large free-mass laser interferometers, which had been designed merely for the detection of gravitational radiation of an astrophysical nature, are considered. Despite the suspended mass-mirrors, these interferometers can be considered as two coordinate meters even at very low frequency ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Hz) are rather accurate two-coordinate distance meters. In this case, the measurement of geodynamic deformations looks like a parallel product of long-term observations dictated by the task of the blind search for gravitational waves (GW) of extraterrestrial origin. Compared to conventional laser strain meters, gravitational interferometers have the advantage of an increased absolute value of the deformation signal due to the 3–4[Formula: see text]km baseline. The magnitude of the tidal variations of the baseline is 150–200[Formula: see text]microns, leading to conceive the observation of the fine structure of geodynamic disturbances. This paper presents the results of processing geophysical measurements made on a Virgo interferometer during test (technical) series of observations in 2007–2009. The specific design of mass-mirrors suspensions in the Virgo gravitational interferometer also creates a unique possibility of separating gravitational and deformation perturbations through a recording mutual angular deviations of the suspensions of its central and end mirrors. It gives a measurement of the spatial derivative of the gravity acceleration along with the geoid of the Earth. In this mode, the physics of the interferometer is considered with estimates of the achievable sensitivity in the application to the classical problem of registration of oscillations of the inner Earth’s core.
Diversity of polypores in Kerala Agricultural University main campus, Vellanikkara, Kerala, India
Authors: M. Kiran  , C.K. Adarsh  , K. Vidyasagaran  , P.N. Ganesh  
Published: May 2020

A survey of polypores was conducted from January 2013 to December 2015 in the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) main campus garden lands, botanical gardens, and plantations visited during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon periods. A total of 43 polypore species in 28 genera belonging to seven families were recorded during the study. Their distributions were analyzed by family, rot, and habit. Polyporaceae dominated with 29 species, followed by Hymenochetaceae with nine, Meruliaceae with five, Ganodermataceae with three, and Meripilaceae & Fomitopsidaceae represented by two species each. Forty species were white rot polypores and three were brown rotters; annuals and perennials were represented by 28 and 15 species, respectively. This survey emphasizes the importance of university campuses in biodiversity conservation.
Collecting parasitic Aculeata (Hymenoptera) from rice ecosystems of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Daniel J. Alfred , K. Ramaraju  
Published: May 2020

Surveys were conducted to explore the parasitic aculeate fauna in rice ecosystems of Tamil Nadu in 2015–2016 in three different rice growing zones, viz., the western zone, the Cauvery delta zone and the high rainfall zone. The study recorded a total of 32 aculeates that represent 12 species under seven families belonging to three super families, viz., Apoidea (Apidae), Chrysidoidea (Bethylidae, Chrysididae, & Dryinidae), and Vespoidea (Mutillidae, Scoliidae, & Thiphiidae). Alpha and beta diversity were computed for the three zones and the diversity indices (Simpson’s index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou’s index) revealed the high rainfall zone as the most diverse zone, with the Cauvery delta zone being the least diverse. On comparing the species similarities using the Jaccard’s index in between the three zones taken in pairs, it was found that 42 per cent similarity existed between the western and Cauvery delta zone and 11 per cent similarity between high rainfall and Cauvery delta zones and 16 per cent similarity between the high rainfall and western zones.
Henry’s Rattan Calamus henryanus Becc. (Arecaceae), a new record to India
Authors: Mehmud Selim , Roy Himu 
Published: May 2020

While exploring the Barak valley of Assam, the rattan Calamus henryanus Becc. was collected from Cachar District which was found to be a new record to the Indian flora. Taxonomic study of the species along with photographs and other relevant information is provided in the present communication.
Life-history traits and courtship behaviour of four poorly known endemic bush frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Rhachophoridae) from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: A.V. Abhijith  , Mukherjee Shomen 
Published: May 2020

The Western Ghats have a high level of anuran endemism. Although there has been an extensive focus on their taxonomy, the ecology of most species are poorly known. In this note we describe the reproductive life-history traits and breeding behavior of four species of endemic bush frogs, Pseudophilautus wynaadensis, Raorchestes akroparallagi, Raorchestes glandulosus, and Raorchestes ponmudi (Amphibia: Anura: Rachophoridae) from Wayanad region of Western Ghats.