bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of occupational therapy intervention for handwriting skills in 4–6 year old children
Authors: Kadar Masne , Wan Yunus Farahiyah , Tan Eileen , Chai Siaw Chui , Razaob@Razab Nor Afifi , Mohamat Kasim Durratul Husna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionHandwriting skills play a significant role in all stages of an individual's life. Writing interventions should be considered at a younger age to ensure proper development of writing skills. Hence, the aims of this study is to evaluate the current evidence of occupational therapy interventions in handwriting skills for 4–6 year old children.MethodsPublished literature was systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines using specific key terms. Initial search identified 785 studies; however only seven met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for final review. Studies were methodologically appraised using the McMaster Critical Review Form–Quantitative Studies.ResultsThe review found no randomised control trial study design pertaining to the reviewed area. However, it can be seen that occupational therapy interventions for writing skills in 4–6 year old children managed to increase the targeted skills. The results were similar across samples with or without disabilities. An effective integration of occupational therapy interventions into educational curriculum was found to save both time and cost.ConclusionThe long‐term benefit from these interventions and the effects of these interventions on a broader spectrum of fine motor abilities need to be explored further with stronger research designs. However, the lack of studies adopting high level study designs, i.e., RCT designs means, results need to be approached with caution by occupational therapists when implementing handwriting skills intervention in practice.
Role of telomerase in the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Liu Ning , Guo Xue‐Hua , Liu Jun‐Ping , Cong Yu‐Sheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTelomeres are specialized genomic structures that protect chromosomal ends to maintain genomic stability. Telomeric length is primarily regulated by the telomerase complex, essentially consisting of an RNA template (TERC), an enzymatic subunit (telomerase reverse transcriptase, TERT). In humans, telomerase activity is repressed during embryonic differentiation and is absent in most somatic cells. However, it is upregulated or reactivated in 80%–90% of the primary tumours in humans. The human TERT (hTERT) plays a pivotal role in cellular immortality and tumourigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of telomerase functioning in cancer have not been fully understood beyond the telomere maintenance. Several research groups, including ours, have demonstrated that hTERT possesses vital functions independent of its telomere maintenance, including angiogenesis, inflammation, cancer cell stemness, and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT). All these telomere‐independent activities of hTERT may contribute to the regulation of the dynamics and homeostasis of the tumour microenvironment (TME), thereby promoting tumour growth and development. Cancer progression and metastasis largely depend upon the interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment. In this review, the involvement of TERT in the tumour microenvironment and the underlying implications in cancer therapeutics have been summarized.
Capitalism, Technology and Work: Interrogating the Tipping Point Thesis
Authors: Thompson Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPost‐work politics, with a focus on universal basic income, rather than an agenda of saving jobs and improving the quality of work, has been a growth area on the left. This article challenges the views of proponents that their claims are ‘on trend' with developments in markets and technology. It does so by examining two supposed ‘tipping points' concerning crises in the production of value in capitalism and in the availability of and attachment to work. Through a rigorous examination of available evidence, the article demonstrates that the stories contained in post‐work discourses about business models, technologies, labour markets and workers are not empirically sustainable. Suggestions are then made about what more credible accounts of actually existing capital, technology and labour might look like, and what the direction of alternative, progressive policy agendas might be.
Growth‐related micromorphological characteristics of the porcine common carotid artery
Authors: Nies Andrea , Proft Lilly , Nehring Marie E. , Gruber Christian , Sievers Henrieke , Hünigen Hana , Gemeinhardt Ole , Richardson Kenneth C. , Hiebl Bernhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the micromorphology of the porcine common carotid artery (CCA) during the period of growth over the bodyweight range of 10–40 kg. CCA samples from German landrace pigs (DL) aged either 2 or 3 months (DL‐2 and DL‐3) were compared with samples from Göttingen minipigs (GM) aged either 18 or 40 months (GM‐18 and GM‐40) using transmitted light (phase‐contrast mode) and transmission electron microscopy. The GM‐18, GM‐40 and the DL‐3 groups had typical muscular artery histological characteristics. Contrasting to this, the 2‐month‐old DL pigs had a transitional artery type being characterized by a significantly higher proportion of elastic fibres and a significantly lower number of smooth muscle cells than did the 1 month older DL‐3. During the period of maturation, the tunica media of the CCA in GM animals thickened by 1.3× and in DL animals by 2.5× resulting in an overall increased vessel wall thickness. The cumulated thickness of the tunica interna (endothelium, stratum subendotheliale and internal elastic lamina) and the tunica media (including the external elastic lamina) of DL‐3 and GM‐40 pigs were similar to each other and comparable to that of humans. With an increasing vessel wall thickness, the luminal diameter decreased in GM by 19% and in DL by 11%. Additionally, in the older age groups, GM‐40 and DL‐3, the internal elastic lamina principally was continuous, but there were also interrupted large segments of elastic lamina separated by gaps. In addition, the principal internal elastic lamina was duplicated in several places.
Laparoscopic vs open surgery for patients with strangulated small bowel obstruction
Authors: Kohga Atsushi , Yajima Kiyoshige , Okumura Takuya , Yamashita Kimihiro , Isogaki Jun , Suzuki Kenji , Kawabe Akihiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent reports revealed that laparoscopic adhesiolysis is a feasible procedure for patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO). However, the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for strangulated SBO has not been investigated in detail.MethodsNinety‐six patients who underwent surgery for strangulated SBO between April 2008 and September 2019 were included. Of these, 49 patients were intended to undergo laparoscopic surgery, while the other 47 underwent open surgery from the first. Comparisons were made between the patients who underwent laparoscopic and open surgery in the patients with intestinal resection and without resection, respectively.ResultsIn the resection group, eight patients (50.0%) who underwent laparoscopic surgery required conversion to open surgery. Perioperative outcomes were not statistically different between laparoscopic and open surgery except for postoperative use of continuous infusion of an analgesic agent or epidural anesthesia (P = .008). In the non‐resection group, five patients (15.1%) who underwent laparoscopic surgery required conversion. Time from surgery to ingestion (P = .025) and postoperative use of continuous infusion of an analgesic agent or epidural anesthesia (P < .001) were significantly favorable in the laparoscopic group. In the patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery, white blood cell count was >12 000/μL (P = .024, odds ratio = 7.569) and intestinal resection (P = .026, odds ratio = 5.19) were found by logistic regression analysis to be independent risk factors for conversion to open.ConclusionsLaparoscopic surgery yields superior outcomes in patients without a requirement of intestinal resection. Laparoscopic surgery was considered as a first‐choice strategy in selected patients with strangulated SBO.
Collection of ear corn residue and its utilization as a bulking agent for cow manure composting
Authors: Hanajima Dai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examined the collection, storage, and utilization of ear corn residue as a bulking agent for composting. Ear corn residue left in fields was collected by a sequence of windrowing and round baling operations, which showed a collection efficiency of 53%−56%. More than 70% of the corn stalks had lengths shorter than 15 cm. The moisture content of corn residue collected in late October was approximately 58%; it decreased to 23% during storage. Dried corn residue was mixed with raw manure in two different ways, namely using complete mixing (CM) treatment or creating a bottom layer of residue, and a total of 3.4 t of the manure and ear corn residue mixture were composted using a pilot‐scale composting apparatus. The results showed that the CM treatment resulted in higher temperature generation and produced less odorous and well‐degraded compost after 2 months of composting, while the odorous compounds in the compost with corn residue as the bottom layer remained similar to those of the initial compost. To sufficiently utilize the advantages of the ear corn residue, thorough mixing of the corn residue with raw manure is preferable; this procedure produced well‐degraded and safety compost in a shorter time period.
Standard vs customized healing abutments with simultaneous bone grafting for tissue changes around immediate implants. 1‐year outcomes from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Perez Alexandre , Caiazzo Alfonso , Valente Nicola A. , Toti Paolo , Alfonsi Fortunato , Barone Antonio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmediate implants have shown risks of esthetic complications. The hypothesis was that a customized healing abutment could improve the peri‐implant tissue healing.PurposeTo evaluate and compare the soft and hard tissue healing around immediate implants that received bone grafting and a customized vs a standard healing abutment.Materials and MethodsPatients, who required tooth extraction and who received an immediate implant (with an alloplastic graft material) were randomly assigned to a customized or a standard healing abutment group. Clinical and radiographic examinations were taken at baseline, at 4 and 12 months.ResultsTwenty‐five patients out of 61 were excluded from the study because unsuitable for immediate implantation. In total, 36 patients were randomized in the two groups. There were 17 females and 19 males (age range 23‐77). No prosthetic or implant failure was registered during the study period. The Papilla Index was significantly higher in the customized than in the standard group at 4 and 12 months (P = .0002). The bone loss at mesial sites was significantly higher in the control than in the test group (P = .0014).ConclusionThe customized healing abutment group showed the most favorable outcomes (in terms of PI and MBL) in case of immediate implant that received a peri‐implant bone grafting procedure.
Treatment with low‐level sodium fluoride on wound healing and the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Bhawal Ujjal K. , Li Xiaoyan , Suzuki Masatoshi , Taguchi Chieko , Oka Shunichi , Arikawa Kazumune , Tewari Nitesh , Liu Yi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsLacerations of the oral mucosa and fractures of alveolar processes commonly occur in traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). Impaired wound healing and tissue regeneration have severe consequences on the quality of life. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) possess the ability of self‐renewal and multipotential differentiation. Treatment with low‐level sodium fluoride (NaF) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance wound repair. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of low‐level NaF on soft tissue healing and on the proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis of BMMSCs.Material and MethodsBMMSCs derived from mice were treated with 50 μM, 500 μM, or 5 mM NaF for 12, 24, and 48 hours, and cell proliferation was assessed by the MTS assay. Cell motility was detected at 12 and 24 hours by a wound healing assay, and osteoblastic differentiation for 21 days by 1% Alizarin Red S staining in 50 μM NaF‐treated BMMSCs. Gene expression of Runx2 and Osteocalcin was evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR. An experimental rat skin wound model was employed, and levels of c‐Myc, Ki67, fibronectin, and vimentin were assessed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThere was a significant induction in the proliferation and migration of BMMSCs treated with 50 μM NaF. The expression of Ki67 and c‐Myc protein was increased in tissues treated with 50 μM NaF, and the expression of fibronectin and vimentin in the 50 μM NaF‐treated tissues was stimulated. Alizarin Red staining revealed enhanced mineralization in 50 μM NaF‐treated BMMSCs with increased expression of Runx2 and Osteocalcin, indicating their upregulated osteogenic differentiation.ConclusionLow‐level NaF could promote soft tissue healing and hard tissue regeneration.
Moisture‐driven shift in the climate sensitivity of white spruce xylem anatomical traits is coupled to large‐scale oscillation patterns across northern treeline in northwest North America
Authors: Lange Jelena , Carrer Marco , Pisaric Michael F. J. , Porter Trevor J. , Seo Jeong‐Wook , Trouillier Mario , Wilmking Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTree growth at northern treelines is generally temperature‐limited due to cold and short growing seasons. However, temperature‐induced drought stress was repeatedly reported for certain regions of the boreal forest in northwestern North America, provoked by a significant increase in temperature and possibly reinforced by a regime shift of the pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). The aim of this study is to better understand physiological growth reactions of white spruce, a dominant species of the North American boreal forest, to PDO regime shifts using quantitative wood anatomy and traditional tree‐ring width (TRW) analysis. We investigated white spruce growth at latitudinal treeline across a >1,000 km gradient in northwestern North America. Functionally important xylem anatomical traits (lumen area, cell‐wall thickness, cell number) and TRW were correlated with the drought‐sensitive standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index of the growing season. Correlations were computed separately for complete phases of the PDO in the 20th century, representing alternating warm/dry (1925–1946), cool/wet (1947–1976) and again warm/dry (1977–1998) climate regimes. Xylem anatomical traits revealed water‐limiting conditions in both warm/dry PDO regimes, while no or spatially contrasting associations were found for the cool/wet regime, indicating a moisture‐driven shift in growth‐limiting factors between PDO periods. TRW reflected only the last shift of 1976/1977, suggesting different climate thresholds and a higher sensitivity to moisture availability of xylem anatomical traits compared to TRW. This high sensitivity of xylem anatomical traits permits to identify first signs of moisture‐driven growth in treeline white spruce at an early stage, suggesting quantitative wood anatomy being a powerful tool to study climate change effects in the northwestern North American treeline ecotone. Projected temperature increase might challenge growth performance of white spruce as a key component of the North American boreal forest biome in the future, when drier conditions are likely to occur with higher frequency and intensity.
Translating new science into the community to promote opportunities for breast and cervical cancer prevention among African American women
Authors: Rodriguez Elisa M. , Jandorf Lina , Devonish Julia A. , Saad‐Harfouche Frances G. , Clark Nikia , Johnson Detric , Stewart Anika , Widman Christy A. , Erwin Deborah O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNew evidence has found breast and cervical cancer risk factors unique to African American women. Thus, there is a significant need to increase their knowledge and understanding of relevant risk factors and the potential protective benefits associated with breast‐feeding and HPV vaccination. The National Witness Project is a robust, evidence‐ and community‐based lay health advisor programme that uses group education, navigation and survivor narratives to increase cancer screening among diverse underserved women.MethodsA multi‐phase, community‐based participatory research study was conducted across three sites in Buffalo, NY, New York City and Arkansas between October 2016 and January 2017. Pre‐/post‐test surveys were administered during volunteer trainings and community programmes. An evaluation survey was also administered at the Annual Meeting for Education and Networking. Paired sample t tests were used to compare pre‐/post‐test survey scores.ResultsTrainee survey results showed the overall mean per cent correct pre‐/post‐test scores were 47.7% (SD: 21.87) and 79.2% (SD: 16.14). Altogether, 31 educational programmes reached 332 community participants. Participants’ breast and cervical cancer knowledge scores were significantly higher after the education programme (84.4%) than before (55.3%) with a mean change score of 29% (P ≤ .001).ConclusionThis paper reveals the underlying complexities to update the educational curriculum content of a multi‐site, community‐based outreach organization. The new curriculum significantly improved African American women's knowledge about breast and cervical cancer by 10%‐36%, clearly demonstrating that this information was new to them. The need for education programming in African American communities to disseminate cancer prevention and risk information remains high.
Comparison of extraction methods for chemical composition, antibacterial, depigmenting and antioxidant activities of Eryngium maritimum
Authors: Traversier M. , Gaslonde T. , Lecso M. , Michel S. , Delannay E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective is to develop a natural cosmetic ingredient from Eryngium maritimum regarding the high interest of consumer in these ingredients for cosmetic use.MethodsFive eco‐friendly techniques of extraction were applied to Eryngium maritimum aerial parts among conventional reflux extraction (with green solvent) and alternative techniques (supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and ultrasound combined with microwave extraction (UAE + MAE)). Several criteria were evaluated to allow the optimal choice for an industrialized ingredient: yield of extraction, chemical composition and biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti‐collagenase and anti‐tyrosinase activities. The extracts were analysed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS), and the hierarchical Pearson classification (HCA) allowed to highlight the group of metabolites preferably extracted depending on the technique of extraction used.ResultsThe biological results highlight that SFE and 80% ethanol reflux extracts have the best responses to biological activities such as antimicrobial, depigmenting and antioxidant activities, followed by water reflux extraction. Their activities might be due to the presence of different groups of metabolites favourably extracted by these techniques.ConclusionAmong these extractions, water reflux extraction provided the optimal results considering the compromise between extraction yield and biological activities for the development of a cosmetic ingredient.
Rookesv.Barnardand the trade union question in British politics
Authors: Smith Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the 1950s, given the scope of the Trade Disputes Act 1906 that had granted immunity against specific torts (civil wrongs) to organisers of industrial action, the courts had little role in industrial relations. Hence, the importance of the House of Lords decision in 1964 that, in threatening to strike to secure Douglas Rookes's removal from the Heathrow design office of the British Overseas Aircraft Corporation after his resignation from the union, Alfred Barnard and others had used unlawful means because a threat to break a contract of employment came within the tort of intimidation that was unprotected by the Trade Disputes Act's statutory immunities, and thus, they were liable to pay damages to Rookes. The legal arguments deployed are analysed within growing unease in the Conservative Party and among employers at the emergence of workplace union organisation and national strikes. Despite being partially neutralised by the Trade Disputes Act 1965,Rookeswas a harbinger of a new judicial activism that outflanked trade unions' tort immunities by creating novel common law liabilities. This in turn laid the political basis for subsequent Conservative legislation to restrict and regulate trade unions and industrial action, a project that is ongoing.
Mechanical properties of illite‐based ceramics with controlled porosity studied by modern in situ techniques
Authors: Knapek Michal , Kušnír Jakub , Húlan Tomáš , Minárik Peter , Csáki Štefan , Lukáč František , Dobroň Patrik , Chmelík František 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeformation tests combined with modern in situ acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques were applied to monitor low strain rate compressive behavior of illite‐based ceramics with controlled porosity (P). A strong effect of porosity on the mechanical performance was observed: Young's modulus decreased linearly from 29.4 ± 1.1 GPa (P = 14 vol%) to 3.0 ± 0.5 GPa (P = 55 vol%) and compressive strength decreased from 307 ± 13.6 MPa (P = 14 vol%) to 27.7 ± 1.0 MPa (P = 55 vol%). The AE and DIC techniques revealed a transition from brittle fracture to gradual localized crushing with increasing porosity. The AE signals possessed high‐energy burst‐like characteristics typical of brittle fracture and (micro)cracking. The AE data showed continuous activity from the beginning of loading, suggesting that true elasticity does not occur in this material. The combination of mechanical tests with in situ techniques, therefore, proved to be particularly effective in providing additional information on the deformation dynamics in ceramics.