bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Correlation Between Coral Cover and The Associated Reef Fishes Abundance in Enggano Island Bengkulu
Authors: Kusuma AB , Renta PP , Purnama D , Negara BFSP , Claudea C , Budiharto T , Kholid I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The coral reef is the habitat for more than a million marine species. The damage of the coral reef could decrease associated marine biodiversity, and the coral reef fishes are one of the groups impacted by the coral reef destruction. This study aimed to measure the coral coverage, to estimate the abundance of coral fishes, and to determine the correlation between coral coverage and abundance of coral reef fishes in Enggano Island, Bengkulu. The line intercept transect method was used by applying 25 m length transects to measure the coral cover in 12 sampling stations. The visual census method was implemented to count the presence of coral reef fishes around the transect line. The correlation between coral coverage and abundance of coral reef fishes was estimated using the multiple-linear-regression method. The results revealed that the coral coverage in Enggano Island varies from 99.6%-6.6%. The highest coverage was observed in station one at the leeward of Dua Island, whereas the lowest was found in station nine at Kahabi. The depth that measured 21 m could cause low coral coverage in condition. The substratum at this depth receives low sunlight intensity; thus, photosynthesis could not function efficiently. The highest coral reef fish abundance estimated at 603 ind/125 m2 was found in station 12 at Berhau, whereas the lowest at 8 ind/125m2 was in station eight at Kahabi. The analysis showed a positive but considerably a weak correlation between coral coverage and abundance of coral reef fishes with an r-value of 0.61 and the determination coefficient of 61.00%.
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn Populations in Sumatra Island Showed Low Genetic Differences: A study based on the intergenic spacer atpB – rbcL
Authors: Susanto Agus Hery , Nuryanto Agus , Daryono Budi Setiadi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious study onSynedrella nodiflora(L.) Gaertn populations in Java Island showed both very low haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and at the same time revealed high connectivity among the populations. Sumatra Island, which is like Java Island located in Sunda Shelf, has been subjected to relatively increasing human population and overexploitation of natural resources in a few last decades. This condition put the island of being vulnerable to terrestrial ecosystem changes that potentially influence the existing populations ofS. nodiflora. Hence, this study aimed to assess genetic differences amongS. nodiflorapopulations in Sumatra Island using intergenic spacer (IGS)atpB –rbcL. This molecular marker has been used in the population genetic study of some plant species. In this study we collected randomly 20 individuals from four different locations in Sumatra. The results showed, based on IGSatpB –rbcL sequences of 860 bp length, that only two haplotypes were found. One of them was the same haplotype mostly found in Java Island, and the other showed some base substitutions. Low genetic differences indicating high connectivity among populations ofS. nodiflorain Sumatra Island is observed.
Production of Pectinase Enzymes by Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds. Causing Anthracnose in Red Chilli (Capsicum annuum, L.)
Authors: Muljowati JS , Soesanto L , Nugroho LH 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Almost all pathogenic fungi produce pectinase enzymes used to degrade host cell wall during pathogenesis. The mode of action of C. acutatum (Ca) is no different from other Colletotrichum species. The fungi produce cutinase and pectinase enzymes to weaken the host defenses and help the further infection. The success of pathogenesis by C. acutatum determines the occurrence of anthracnose disease. During pathogenesis, other than cutinase, pectinase is an enzyme that plays a vital role in cell wall degradation of the host. This paper discusses the ability of C. acutatum to produce pectinase enzymes. The fungus of six isolates was the C. acutatum from Java whose pathogenicity was the highest at each sampling location (Malang, Temanggung, Kulonprogo, Brebes, Garut, and Pandeglang). The results showed that all C. acutatum isolates produced pectinase. There was a difference in the ability to macerate enzymes even though enzyme quality test showed no difference.
Phenetic Taxonomy of Local Duku (Lansium parasiticum (Osbeck) K.C. Sahni & Bennet) from Three Regencies Based on Micromorphological Characters
Authors: Herawati Wiwik , Sukarsa  , Hidayah Hexa Apriliana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLansium parasiticum(Duku) is a plant species with complex morphological characters because of its wide distribution. This study examined the plant anatomical variation patterns and phenetic relationships among 15 local duku samples from Purwokerto, Purbalingga, and Banjarnegara. The anatomical data were analyzed descriptively, and the similarity relationship was measured with the UPGMA method using the MEGA 10.0.1 software. The results of anatomical characters analysis suggested a high degree of diversity among the duku. UPGMA tree derived from cluster analysis showed two majors clusters. The first cluster consisted of samples whose upper epidermis thickness was ⩾16.5µm. The second cluster comprised fourteen samples with upper epidermis thickness <16µm.
Water Quality Status of Segara Anakan Cilacap Indonesia for Biota Life
Authors: Piranti AS , Rahayu DRUS , Ardli ER , Setyaningrum N , Widyartini DS , Insan I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Segara Anakan is a fertile estuarine of Indonesian water having strategic values for various uses. Increased human activities have increased the potential risk of deteriorating environmental quality and subsequently caused a decline in organism biodiversity. The purposes of this study were to assess the quality of Segara Anakan by evaluating the pollution status biologically, whether it fulfilled the requirement for organism life or not. The research method used was a four-month survey in the eastern part of the Segara Anakan area. Sampling was done purposively in 7 sites. The parameters observed were water quality according to seawater quality standards for marine biota. The status of water quality was determined using the Coefficient of Saprobic. The results showed that ten parameters did not meet water quality standards, that were TSS, Dissolved Oxygen, Phosphate, Orthophosphate, Nitrate, PCBs, TBT, and Cr, As, Cd, and Pb. The status of water quality in all locations showed that it was lightly polluted with the status of mesosaprobic β. It was recommended that human activities that potentially pollute the environment, such as waste disposal, be restricted to avoid the water quality from becoming worse.
Performance of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens, Larvae during valorization of organic wastes with changing quality
Authors: Kinasih I , Suryani Y , Paujiah E , Ulfa RA , Afiyati S , Adawiyah YR , Putra RE 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Organic wastes are one of the major problems in many cities. A common treatment for the wastes usually by sanitary landfill, composting, or burning. However, many cities of developing countries lack the effort to collect, separate, and transform organic waste lead to an increasing pile of organic wastes and the cost of treatment. Bioconversion of organic wastes by larvae of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) into versatile prepupae could be considered as a solution for this problem as this process give economic value to organic wastes. Studies in Indonesia showed the high potency of this insect to apply for managing organic wastes. However, most of the studies only focused on one type of wastes which is only available from standardizing industrial systems, not municipal systems, and small industries which are the main organic producers in Indonesia. In this study, BSFL was fed only one type of organic wastes showed a shorter development period. Changes in feedstock quality from low protein to high protein material generally produced lower survival rates and weight with a longer development period. The result indicated the importance of the nutrition content early period feedstock to produce high-quality larvae and more sustainable organic waste management.
A Sustainable Approach to the Prevalent Problems in Tactical Urban Construction of Temporary Structures
Authors: Sivakkumar Shiva Nandhini , Shankar Durga Shree , Yahiyakhan Jabirkhan , Venkatachalam Manjunath Nochikuttai , Shanmugam Dhivyabharathi , Mangottiri Vasudevan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is essential to make a check on extraneous usage of concrete in construction to reduce the urban heat island effects. As a step towards sustainability, small or temporary structures can be constructed by reusing a variety of rigid materials that are found in abundance in scrapyards. This paper emphasizes the sustainability aspects of reusing scrap materials for constructing a bus shelter using the principles of tactical urbanism. The selected materials include scrap steel pipes, wasted foam sheets, gypsum board, plastic cans and bottle caps. After minimal modifications (cleaning, sizing and shaping), they were converted to suitable panels and members of designed dimensions. The embodied carbon analysis showed that 130.23 kg equivalent of carbon dioxide is saved by not using new materials in construction. By this approach, the net embodied carbon for the entire structure is turned to be negative (-85.23 kg equivalent of carbon dioxide). On another aspect of tactical urbanism, a suitable construction methodology is designed to utilize minimal time and manpower for construction which also could reduce the carbon and energy footprints substantially. The innovative provision for using clamps on the skeleton frame enabled direct insertion of panels, thus minimizing the requirements for fasteners or adhesives. The entire structure is found to be light in weight and portable but strong against pulling loads. The social and environmental aspects of sustainability were evaluated using checklist, sectoral matrix and checklist methods. We envisage this approach in making security homes, isolation wards at times of contagious outspread, locomotive stalls etc.
Sustainable bamboo housing for the earthquake prone areas
Authors: Vengala Jagadish , Rao Raghunath Seshagiri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bamboo-based housing systems are prevalent as a vernacular type of construction in many parts of the world where bamboo is available locally. Even in India, bamboo-based houses are not so uncommon, especially in the north-eastern part, which is seismically the most vulnerable zone. Structural evaluation, chiefly seismic evaluation, significantly requires a lot of infrastructures. Prohibitively expensive infrastructure cannot be used to evaluate housing systems which themselves are extremely low-cost in nature. There is a need to evaluate the components of a bamboo-based housing system in addition to the full-scale models under seismic loads by using simple and cost-effective facilities. A seismic evaluation of a full-scale bamboo housing system was carried out on two models using a shock table test facility. This helped in identifying the extreme limits of seismic vulnerability of the bamboo-based housing system. From this study, it was observed that the model did not collapse nor did it show any signs of collapse. Also, there were no indications of any tendency of any local collapse of the roofing elements. Hence, it can be concluded that the model had fulfilled the requirement of resisting major levels of lateral forces without losing its stability.
Non-Linear Seismic Analysis of Steel Plate Shear Wall Subjected to Blast Loading
Authors: Sunagar Prashant , Dharek Manish S , Nruthya K , Sreekeshava K S , Nagashree B , Ramegowda RS 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Compared to traditional lateral loading systems, such as steel braced frames, RCC walls and moment- frames, Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) have affordable detailing pre-requisites, requires lower construction tolerances, allows faster construction and leads to less lateral load. Similar to concrete shear walls, SPSW structures are more versatile and due to their versatility, the designer also needs to have additional flexural rigidity when using SPSW in tall buildings. In spite of all advantages, SPSW are not universally accepted because of typical SPSW arrangements result in huge column sizes and forbid the usage of slender walls while reducing the efficiency of the structure. SPSW allow for less structural wall thickness in comparison to the thickness of concrete shear walls. So, it is necessary to design the thickness of a SPSW required for particular load. This paper would address the above issues with concrete examples and suggest approaches for the creation of the next generation of shear walls made of steel plate. Such approaches would allow SPSWs to be applied efficiently by offering new configuration, different modelling techniques and a more detailed understanding of model behaviour by comparing different SPSW thickness and different patterns in a particular structure. The analysis in this study is done by considering a steel structure. Earthquake data is considered for analysis and it is assigned using time history function in SAP 2000. The paper deals with lateral resistance of a steel structure for a seismic loading with different SPSW thickness and patterns. which showed SS2 type steel plate shear wall configuration performing well in resisting bending moment in both directions.
Experimental Study on Self Compacting Concrete Withaddition of Super Absorbent Polymer
Authors: Selvakumar Vetrivel , Paneerselvan Keerthana , shanmugasundaram Rasswanth , Asokan Mohanraj , Veerachamy Senthilkumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This experimental work focuses on the effect of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) in self-compacting concrete (SCC). The target strength to be achieved is M40. The superabsorbent polymer acts as an Internal curing agent (ICA) which is added at a percentage varying from 0.1 to 0.3 and superplasticizer to about 0.8% with respect to the mass of cementitious materials. SCC is super workable due to its low water-cement ratio, which gives rapid strength, more durability, and best quality. In this study the properties of fresh and hardened concrete were investigated. The workability properties like Slump flow, V Funnel and L Box tests were carried out. The mechanical behaviour and durability study such as Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) were alsoconducted on SAP added SCC. SEM Analysis was carried out toidentify the newly formed materials within the concrete system. The concrete added SAP behaves similarly and as like the conventional concrete in strength aspect but varies in case of durability properties.
Performance studies on Geo polymer concrete
Authors: Vellaichamy Preetha , Selvarajan Hariharan , Ramalingam Arjun , Uthirasamy Kalaiyarasan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Geo polymer concrete, an eco-friendly concrete produced without addition of cement. Though cement is a basic material in the production of concrete; however in global carbon dioxide emission 5 to 8% contribution is from the production of concrete. In geo polymer concrete the absence of cement is replaced by an inorganic alumina silicate compound synthesized using fly ash as a binder. Fly ash involves in reduction of high energy consumption and offers solutions for utilizing waste by products from industries. This paper describes the experimental investigation on fly ash based Geo polymer concrete to evaluate the effects of workability, compressive and split tensile strength in order to ensure the overall performance of the concrete mix. The various parameters has been analysed based on the ratio of liquid to binder, molarity of sodium hydroxide solution, ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide and alkaline to fly ash ratio. The test results indicate that the compressive strength gradually increases with increase in molarity of NaOH solutions for two different alkaline to fly ash ratios of 0.35 and 0.5 respectively. The split tensile strength of geo polymer concrete is very low and not increases significantly. The workability of mix improves by adding 2% superplasticizer. Further overall performance is greatly influenced by the molarity of NaOH solution and the ratio of alkaline to fly ash to evaluate the early age strength of concrete.
Effect of Waste Burnt Bricks as Coarse Aggregate on the Compressive Strength of Ligth Weight Re-Vibrated Concrete
Authors: Auta Samuel Mahuta , Hassan Tasiu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents an experimental study on the compressive strength of re-vibrated concrete cubes using waste burnt bricks as coarse aggregate. Using 1:2:4 as concrete mix ratio and 0.6 water-cement ratio to cast 48 cubes specimens and cured for 7 and 28 days; 24 cubes for control (granite as coarse aggregate); and another 24 cubes for waste burnt bricks as coarse aggregate. Each of these categories were re-vibrated at an interval of 10 minutes each, for 60 minutes after the initial vibration. The compressive strength of the cured concrete cubes specimen were determined. The results obtained showed a maximum strength of 24.96N/mm2 at 60th minutes re-vibration for 28 days curing and a maximum strength of 18.64N/mm2 at 60th minutes re-vibration for 28 days curing for the control (granite as coarse aggregate) and waste burnt bricks (WBB) as coarse aggregates respectively. It was concluded that crushed waste burnt bricks can be used to replace granite in the production of lightweight re-vibrated concrete.
Manufacturing of Low Cost Concrete by Using Paper Industry Waste
Authors: Moorthy Gnanasundar Valarmathi , Thangaraj Palanisamy , Shanmugam Thirugnanam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Manufacture of Ordinary Portland cement needs large amount of earth resources and also releases enormous amount of green house gases during its production which adversely affect the environment. Therefore an alternative to cement usage in construction can make a huge impact on reducing environmental pollution. Paper making industries generally produces large amount of solid wastes. To reduce disposal and pollution problems emanating from these industrial wastes, it is most essential to develop profitable building materials from them. Therefore in order to resolve the disadvantages of both these sides, an attempt is made to use these paper industrial wastes known as hypo sludge as replacement of cement for a concrete. Hence it avoids environmental pollution due to usage of cement and also solves the problem of mass disposal of these wastes. This hypo sludge behaves like cement because of its silica, lime and magnesium components. These components improve the setting of the concrete and also provide necessary strength for the concrete. Keeping this in view, investigations were done to produce low cost concrete by blending various ratios of cement with sludge. The project deals with experimental investigations on strength of concrete and optimum percentage of the partial replacement of cement by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% hypo sludge and finding out the strength of blended materials. The percentage of cost saved due to replacement is also found out. This project definitely has a major impact on environmental production reduction.
Consideration of Strength Parameters of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Concrete over Conventional Concrete
Authors: Mariyappan Ranjitham , Sivakumar Banusri , Jaganathan Dhanusuya , Allimuthu Dhananjayan , Subramanian Dhayananthan , Anbazhagan Gobishankar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has become a typical practice in the transportation business. RAP from reusing exercises address the issues of diminishing use of declining virgin total sources, material stockpiling and removal of recovered black-top material. The rule factors behind reusing endeavours incorporate decrease of development squander, safeguarding of non-inexhaustible normal assets, and lower vitality costs. In light of numerous researches facility test results suggested for utilization of RAP in street base and sub base layers is in fact practical. Various transportation organizations have been reusing RAP in unbound base and sub base layers. In this examination, the ideal rate for supplanting recovered totals with Virgin Aggregates is found and the ideal rate is tried for the quality attributes of the totals. Despite the fact that having a huge amount of RAP, because of its inadequate quality necessities it can’t be utilized until it is dealt with. The treated RAP material can be mixed with material like lime, fly debris, concrete oven cleans or Portland concrete in unsterilized street asphalts. The reason for this examination work is to show up at the ideal level of reused black-top asphalt and cementitious material dependent on quality boundaries in street development to make the base course impermeable. It expands the quality and firmness of the sub base layer just as it decreases the protection from rutting and weariness breaking.
Study on Improvement of Black Cotton Soil by Using Fines of Concrete Cube & Brick Demolition Waste
Authors: Shivakumar Chakure , Srikanth Bolle , Kumar Kancharidasu Sunny , Keerthi Niteen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Subgrade soil is a primary part of a road crust which gives considerable strength and support to the whole pavement structure from below. If the subgrade soil exhibits a weak soil then improvement of load-bearing strength properties of that subgrade soil is done by soil-stabilization technique. This project aims to conduct a study to check the improvements in properties of Black Cotton (BC) soil by adding Fines of Crushed concrete cube and Brick waste separately. By varying percentage of Fines of Concrete Cube Waste (FCCW) at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60%, the soil parameters such as Compaction characteristics, CBR and Shear Strength were studied. These values are compared to that of a untreated BC soil. Similarly, the varying percentage of Fines of Brick Demolition Waste (FBDW) at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60%, the soil parameters only considered was Compaction characteristics. The first approach of BC stabilized using FCCW, the Maximum Dry Density increased from 1.504g/cm3 to maximum 1.708 g/cm3, decrease in Optimum Moisture Content and later increase, CBR value increased from 2.05%to maximum 7% and Shear strength increased from 377kN/m2 to maximum 1390 kN/m2 at 20% FCCW respectively. The second approach of BC stabilized using FBW, the Maximum Dry Density increased from 1.565g/cm3 to maximum 1.702 g/cm3 and decrease in Optimum Moisture Content at 20% FBDW respectively. However, in the light of studies conducted, the 20% of FCCW and 20% of FBDW are considered as the optimum proportion of the FCCW and FBDW resulting in maximum strength and performance as observed from UCS test results in the first approach.