bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepato-Renal Protective Effects of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Pericarp Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Akhmad Husen Saikhu , Hary Kalqutny Septian , Nur Muhammad Ansori Arif , Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo Raden , Khaleyla Firas , Winarni Dwi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract used for reduce random blood glucose, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, plasma creatinine levels, also ameliorates damaged liver hepatocytes and renal proximal tubular cells in diabetic mice. In this study, we used male mice (Mus musculus) of the BALB/C strain which were divided into 2 groups: the control group (without treatment of mangosteen pericarp extract) and the treatment group. The control group was divided into three: normal control (KN), diabetic control (KD), diabetic control-Metformin HCl (KM). The treatment group (with mangosteen pericarp extract) was divided into 3 groups (P1, P2, and P3) with the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, 100 mg/kg body weight, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The induction of diabetes was done with the injection of multiple low-doses of STZ (30 mg/kg of body weight) for 5 consecutive days. Before and after STZ injection, random blood glucose and total cholesterol were measured at 1st, 7th, and 14th day of mangosteen pericarp extract treatments. Treatments were given for 14 days. At 15th day, SGOT, SGPT and plasma creatinine levels were measured using Pentra C200, while liver and kidney were collected and then processed into histological slides. Interestingly, we found that mangosteen pericarp extract administration was able to reduce random blood glucose, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, plasma creatinine levels, also ameliorates damaged liver hepatocytes and renal proximal tubular cells in diabetic mice significantly. In conclusion, mangosteen pericarp extract is a promising antidiabetic agent due to its anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties.
Modeling Structure of Portable River Bridge using Fiber – Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
Authors: Sa’diyah A , Prasetya A F , Alfianto E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Portable bridge is a device that serve to connect areas near the river to the opposite. The study of portable bridge based on marine buildings (platforms) about ballast system. This utilizes fluid from a constant river flow to meet the bridge ballast pipe with a normal flow control valve. The system was developed by installing a branch and flange on the main pipe as a regulator. A lightweight material chosen as the main material in the portable bridge is Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) based on ACI 440R-07 standard. Portable river bridge structure modeling is supported by 3D CAD software that focuses on building structures, especially in the main pipe and flange.. This model using main pipe 16”NPS Sch-STD Pipe based on ANSI/ASME B36.10M/19M 2004 standard and flange 16”NPS Weldneck Flange 300# RF Sch-STD based on ASME B16.5 Flanges standard
Global solar technology optimization for factory rooftop emissions mitigation
Authors: Mousa Osama Bany , Taylor Robert A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The industrial sector consumes ∼32% of the world’s final energy demand, most in the form of heat which is derived primarily from fossil fuels. Two fundamentally different technologies exist for harvesting sunlight to offset fossil fuel use—solar thermal (ST) and photovoltaic (PV) collectors. The former convert sunlight into heat while the later convert sunlight directly into electricity (although electricity can be converted into heat via heat pumps and/or resistance heating). If/when factories transition towards utilizing their rooftops for solar harvesting, an essential question will be: which solar technology, or a mix of technologies, should be chosen for factory rooftops? This paper investigates this (as yet unanswered) question by assessing the global greenhouse gas emission (GHGe) mitigation potential of PV and ST collectors in a side-by-side mix (e.g. a percentage where 0% is solely PV and 100% is solely ST available roof area coverage) to supply medium temperature heat (150 °C–400 °C) for industrial processes. It was found that in most locations globally, a mix of both technologies optimizes the solar output. Globally, installing the optimum PV:ST mix can save up to 141.8 or 205.8 kt CO2e over installing solely PV or solely ST collectors, respectively. Another interesting finding of this study was that GHGe mitigation potential stems largely from where the solar collectors were manufactured (i.e. the embodied emissions from using local primary energy to fabricate the collectors). Thus, this study reveals that project managers, policymakers, corporate sustainability directors, etc could achieve maximum global GHGe mitigation through simply considering a mix of solar collector technologies and the best practices for manufacturing them.
Effects of Improved Energy Performance of Buildings on Air Quality over the Greater Athens Area
Authors: Frilingou N , Bouris D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Air pollution episodes are common in the Greater Athens Area (GAA) because of its pollutant source concentration, complex topography, and regional meteorology. For the GAA, over 90% of the existing building stock is classified below energy class B, so the effects of upgrades on energy savings are obvious and have been widely discussed. The present study focuses on the potential effects that a realistic level of implementation of the EPBD will have on the air quality over the GAA. Three renovation scenarios were examined with an implementation rate of 20%. Numerical simulation of primary pollutants’ dispersion over the GAA was performed using the CALPUFF modelling system. Ground level concentrations of SO2, NOx, CO and PM10 were calculated, taking into account pollutant releases from major roads and highways, passenger ports and cargo transport, residential heating installations and major industrial installations. The required source data was taken from National and European statistics, demographics and local topography while the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was implemented for the required high resolution meteorological field data. The modelling system was first successfully validated by comparison with available measurements of pollutant concentrations and then applied to case studies of EPBD implementation. Reductions up to ∼6% were found in the ground level concentrations of major pollutants.
Green Wall systems: where do we stand?
Authors: Palermo S A , Turco M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the last few years, the increase of impervious surfaces, due to ongoing urbanization and climate change led several environmental impacts such as: urban heat island effect, air pollution, urban flooding, deterioration of water discharged in the receiving water bodies, and so on. In this context, a sustainable strategy is required, and an innovative solution can be found in the implementation of low impact development (LID) systems as green walls. These sustainable solutions, by reintroducing vegetation in urban area, can partially restore the pre-urbanization situation and mitigate these drastic environmental impacts. To investigate the state of art of these techniques, a deeper overview on the green wall systems was carried out. This analysis was finalized to evaluate the current developed systems in terms of classification, components and benefits in order to establish where do we stand in terms of evolution of these systems and where we are going in terms of new trends and possible future directions.
Urban rain water management-Results of questionnaire research in Thessaloniki, Greece.
Authors: Basdeki A , Katsifarakis K L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents results of a questionnaire research regarding public perception of flood damage or nuisance caused by rain, and attitude towards ecological rainwater management techniques. The questionnaires have been addressed mainly to residents of the central part of Thessaloniki, a major urban area of Greece. Results reveal that: a) ninety-one (91%) percent of the respondents acknowledged that there is serious problem caused even by medium rain events, b) most respondents (95%) are positive about the use of rain gardens and other ecological techniques, which mitigate the nuisance caused by inundation of streets and sidewalks during rain events and c) 76% of the respondents are not disposed to pay anything for new ecological rainwater management infrastructure to reduce the hazard, while 3% are disposed to pay 1€ more in their bills for the Thessaloniki Water Supply & Sewerage Co. S.A., 6% to pay 5€, 4% to pay 10€, and 10% to pay 20€ or more.
Meta-study of residential energy studies in India
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Tuteja Sanjoli , Mathur Jyotirmay , Garg Vishal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Residential energy (electricity) use in India is expected to grow four-fold by 2030, yet there is paucity of data that is essential for developing energy policy or programme. This paper undertakes a meta-study of residential energy studies in India to characterise their scope, data collection methods and findings. An in-depth review of literature was undertaken using Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect to identify relevant journal publications, conference papers and reports. A series of expert workshops were held to identify any data gaps and stakeholders’ needs. The identified studies were characterised using a meta-data framework that included criteria such as climate, dwelling form, income group, methods and study duration. An online searchable platform (REACT) was created to make the identified studies more accessible using the meta-data criteria. Of the 29 studies identified, only 16 were published in peer-reviewed publications (10 in journals and 6 in conferences proceedings). About 11 studies focussed on dwelling-level energy use, while the remaining used econometric data and statistical modelling at a macro-scale. To develop evidence based energy policies, it is vital to gather empirical data on residential energy in different climatic zones. Robust data sharing policies should be implemented to avoid duplication of effort.
Aeolian Towers: Designing Aerodynamics
Authors: Vergopoulos S , Barmpas F , Moussiopoulos N , Varsami C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Acknowledging the necessity of designing structures that comply with environmental factors, the main objective of the current project is the morphological investigation of a sustainable dual-tower complex. Considering the force of wind as a basic design parameter, the importance of every design decision is evaluated by calculating its impact on the structure’s performance over its life cycle. Since wind simulation could certify the effectiveness of design techniques that aim to streamline a structure’s form, the proposed approach utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the objective and scientific assessment of the complex’s aerodynamic behavior. By altering the design based on the results and comparing the differences of critical variables such as wind velocity, loading and pressure distribution, significant results are extracted. The simulation of the flow field of the final design certifies that the wind’s impact is substantially diminished. Along with a notable decrease in wind velocity and loading, informed decision making takes place and quality enhancement of the urban environment is ultimately achieved. Thereby, wind’s significance as a basic parameter in high-rise design is highlighted. The concept of wind design can, at this point, be further extended. In addition to defining the form of the building’s envelope, energy harnessing techniques are introduced. To ensure its sustainability a nanotechnology-based grid that consists of micro wind turbines is annexed to the structure. For the towers’ cladding, glass that incorporates solar panel technology is also being used, transforming the facades into solar energy collectors. The introduced approach aims at optimizing the complex’s aerodynamic behavior while accomplishing sustainability and energy self-reliance. Although the results are case sensitive, useful design methodologies and techniques can be extracted as guidelines that could assist in future design projects.
A simplified calculation process of buildings’ energy saving potential
Authors: Groß Matthias , Kresteniti Angeliki , Lindauer Manuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The real estate sector is responsible for 40 percent of the energy consumption and one third of the CO2 emissions in Europe. Moreover one third of the European Union’s buildings are in fact older than 50 years while only one percent is being renovated each year. The building stock is therefore of great importance for the European Union in order to achieve its climate targets not only for 2020 but also long term. The difficulty however is to decide where and how to realize energy savings in the most efficient and economical way – especially for property owners with a large and heterogeneous building stock. This paper provides a simplified analysis method to evaluate real estate portfolios and estimate their buildings’ saving potential. This method has been integrated into AiBATROS®[1] software and can help to prioritize measures increasing energy efficiency. Verification and validation of the process are demonstrated comparing results with another method’s energy calculations.
Small wind turbines: Sustainability criteria related to the local built environment
Authors: Malliotakis G E , Nikolaidis Th N , Baniotopoulos C C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present paper focuses on the enhancement of the development of small wind energy considering sustainable energy harvesting criteria. As known, the exploitation of wind energy as an environmental friendly energy source is carried out by wind turbine systems. In order to satisfy local energy needs, low power small scale wind turbines could be used. Their use, contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the local atmosphere, as well as to the consumption of electricity on site where power is produced. In the present work a comparative analysis has been performed taking into consideration two different application sites located in Crete Island, Greece. This analysis is based on actual recordings of the characteristics of the wind and followed by the selection of the optimum installation height, as well as the estimation of the construction cost. This analysis includes two different design cases using two different construction materials for the support tower, in particular steel and aluminium, taking into account the results of the respective advanced finite element analysis models. This way the proposed analysis leads to an enhanced evaluation of the sustainability of the small wind energy systems in the local built environment.
Barriers to the adoption of green building materials and technologies in developing countries: The case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Nikyema G A , Blouin V Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Due to declining resources, increasing population, and increasing pollution, green buildings, which utilize green construction materials and technologies, are emerging as part of the solution to mitigate these issues. Developing countries have understood the importance of incorporating sustainability as part of their national agenda. However, their ability to implement green design has been hampered by existing and/or perceived barriers. This paper strives to understand the barriers to green design and green materials implementation in developing countries, using the case of Burkina Faso, a country of West Africa. To gain insight on these barriers, this paper solicits the perceptions of Burkinabe green design professionals on sustainability issues involved with green design and construction. Five types of barriers are explored related to government, human, knowledge and information, market, and cost and riskbarriers. An extensive literature review as well as the results of a study are used to examine this phenomenon as it compares to the existing literature. Understanding these barriers is the first step to initiate changes in policies and practices aimed at increasing green design in Burkina Faso. In addition, the research methods could be used to encourage further empirical studies on sustainable building practices in West Africa and other developing countries.
Thermal comfort and Indoor Air Quality assessment in university classrooms
Authors: Papadopoulos Giannis , Panaras Giorgos , Tolis Evangelos 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Investigation of thermal comfort in various types of buildings is a rather intense research activity by recent years. Besides thermal comfort, the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is also important for the sensation of humans in indoor environments, as well as for their health. In the proposed work, a systematic measurement campaign in university classrooms in the Educational School of the University of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece, is presented; the campaign was performed through winter time, noting that the University lies on the coldest thermal zone on a country level. Measurements include thermal comfort parameters, as well as IAQ ones, namely volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes and NO2concentration.As far as thermal comfort is concerned, Fanger’s thermal comfort indices are calculated, on the basis of the measured data; a comparison is made through the support of questionnaires investigating the actual thermal comfort level of the students while being in the classrooms, aiming at providing information on an adaptive sensation level. In terms of air quality, measurements are made both indoors and outdoors, allowing the determination of indoor/outdoor correlations.
Design of heat sinks for wearable thermoelectric generators to power personal heating garments: A numerical study
Authors: Soleimani Z , Zoras S , Cui Y , Ceranic B , Shahzad S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To mitigate climate change attributed to the built environments, there have been tremendous efforts to improve air conditioning systems in the buildings. The possibility of harvesting body heat as a renewable energy source to power a wearable personal heating system is investigated. The aim of this study is to integrate a wearable personal heating system with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) that harvests the body heat which is used to convert it into electricity. Moreover, the interaction between the TEG configuration and power output is studied. The power generation of TEG system is obtained by COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulation results concluded that all the four proposed heat sink configurations can improve the power output of the wearable TEG at 1.4 m/s and 3m/s compared to that of the reference model. Furthermore, the perforated and trapezium shapes of heat sinks have a significantly better performance in comparison to conventional heat sinks.
The effect of the daylight zone on lighting energy savings
Authors: Mantzourani K. , Doulos L.T. , Kontadakis A. , Tsangrassoulis A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Daylighting is the cornerstone of low energy building design. Therefore, the adoption of a daylight – harvesting lighting control system can substantially increase lighting energy savings. These are strongly depended on the determination of daylight zones (DZ) which in turn help to identify the lighting loads that must be controlled separately. The Daylight Zone (DZ) is defined in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 as the floor area substantially illuminated by daylight. However, the DZ is defined differently in several standards and building codes. Lighting design plays also an important role since it determines the number of luminaires in the daylight zone and thus the resulted energy savings due to the daylight harvesting techniques. Each one of these luminaires inside the DZ should be dimmable and must be controlled by either a stand-alone photosensor or one photosensor per control zone. In order to investigate the influence of the DZ in lighting energy savings several simulations were conducted in five (5) office spaces - part of the reference office building used to determine cost optimal energy performance for office buildings in Greece. DZ area was estimated using three (3) different definitions according to a) EN 15193.1 as implemented in Greek regulation of Energy Efficiency in Buildings, b) CEN Technical Committee 169/WG11 ‘Daylight’, and finally c) using dynamic daylight metrics for typical working hours in all four cardinal orientations. Results indicate that due to the differentiation of the DZ depth as this is calculated by the aforementioned methods, there is an associated variation of the calculated lighting energy savings. The extend of the DZ varies between 30-100% of the total area in each office when DZ is calculated using the geometrical method, 50-100% when daylight factors are used and 30-60% with dynamic daylight metrics. The number of luminaires within the DZ vary between 30-100% in the same space depending on the calculation method, the geometry of the room and the Window to Floor Area. As already mentioned, lighting energy savings for the examined test spaces vary, since these are strongly depended on method for the calculation of the DZ’s depth from 61% to 89%, 53-72% and 69-91% correspondingly.
Fully integrated numerical design tool to assess the thermal performance of phase change materials (PCM) in the built environment
Authors: Rubinetti D. , Weiss D. A. , Kraniotis D. , Chaudhuri A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCM) is a promising candidate to promote resource sustainability in buildings. The intelligent selection and usage of a PCM within the structure of a building poses a challenging engineering task due the highly dynamic nature of occurring heat transfers. This work features a step-by-step FEM modeling guideline to assist the design of building structures by means of a 1D heat conduction scheme. The phase change functionality is based on the apparent heat capacity method and extended by ordinary differential equations to account for the thermal hysteresis of materials with different melting and freezing temperatures. The set of equations is solved alongside with logical expressions representing a thermostat functionality to assess the external energy demand. Two proof-of-concept examples for PCM usage in typical Swiss and Greek wall structures are given.