bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of different electrochemical cleaning methods on contaminated healing abutments in vitro: an approach for metal surface decontamination
Authors: Kyaw Thiha Tin , Hanawa Takao , Kasugai Shohei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the effects of electrolysis on cleaning the contaminated healing abutment surface and to detect the optimal condition for cleaning the contaminated healing abutment.

Methods
Ninety healing abutments removed from patients were placed in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and randomly divided for electrolysis with 7.5% sodium bicarbonate in the following three different apparatuses (N = 30): two stainless steel electrodes (group I), a copper electrode and a carbon electrode (group II), and two carbon electrodes (group III). The samples were placed on cathode or anode with different electric current (0.5, 1, and 1.5 A) under constant 10 V for 5 min. Electrolyte pH before and after electrolysis were measured. Then, the samples were stained with phloxine B and photographed. The proportion of stained areas was calculated. The surface was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

Results
Electrolyte pH decreased after electrolysis at 1 A and 1.5 A in group I and II. Applying cathode at 1 A in group III, the amount of residual contamination was the lowest in all the conditions examined in the present study. SEM images revealed that applying cathode at 1.5 A in group I induced a rough surface from the smooth surface before the treatment. EDS analysis confirmed that the surfaces treated on cathode at 1 A in group III revealed no signs of organic contamination.

Conclusion
Electrolysis of using carbon as electrodes, placing the contaminated healing abutments on cathode, and applying the electric current of 1 A at constant 10 V in 7.5% sodium bicarbonate could completely remove organic contaminants from the surfaces. This optimized electrochemical cleaning method seems to be well worth investigation for the clinical management of peri-implant infections.
The comparison between curcumin and propolis against sepsis-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in kidney of adult male rat
Authors: Abd-Elrazek Areeg , Mahmoud Sahar , Abd ElMoneim Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Propolis is a honeybee product displaying an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effect on several tested animal models. Curcumin a polyphenol extracted from turmeric that gained interest as a potentially safe and inexpensive treatment for kidney diseases.
The present study aimed to compare the protective effects of curcumin and propolis on endotoxemia-induced renal dysfunction.

Results
Sepsis induction caused a marked decline in renal GSH, GPx, and GR, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities; CAT and SOD. Elevation in LPO, NO, IL-1β, and PGE2 contents were observed as well. A marked induction in Bax contents, Bax\Bcl2 ratio, accompanied by activation of NF-kB in the kidney of sepsis-induced rats was reported. However, Prop pretreatment of endotoxemic rats was effective in controlling the depletion of renal GSH content and its correlated enzymes; Cur was more potent in maintaining the renal CAT and SOD contents, as well as, dimensioning LPO content. Despite the renal inflammatory marker IL-1β, PGE2, NO contents, Bax\Bcl2 ratio, and NF-kB activation were greatly reduced by both curcumin and propolis, only Cur pretreatment attenuated NF-kB activation in kidney tissue of septic rat.

Conclusion
Though pretreatment of either Cur or Prop to septic rats protected their kidneys against oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis status, Cur pretreatment was superior in protecting rats’ kidney after sepsis induction.
Overview of Extensively Employed Polymeric Carriers in Solid Dispersion Technology
Authors: Nair Athira R. , Lakshman Yarlagadda Dani , Anand Vullendula Sai Krishna , Sree K. S. Navya , Bhat Krishnamurthy , Dengale Swapnil J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolid dispersion is the preferred technology to prepare efficacious forms of BCS class-II/IV APIs. To prepare solid dispersions, there exist a wide variety of polymeric carriers with interesting physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available at the disposal of a formulation scientist. Since the advent of the solid dispersion technology in the early 1960s, there have been more than 5000 scientific papers published in the subject area. This review discusses the polymeric carrier properties of most extensively used polymers PVP, Copovidone, PEG, HPMC, HPMCAS, and Soluplus® in the solid dispersion technology. The literature trends about preparation techniques, dissolution, and stability improvement are analyzed from the Scopus® database to enable a formulator to make an informed choice of polymeric carrier. The stability and extent of dissolution improvement are largely dependent upon the type of polymeric carrier employed to formulate solid dispersions. With the increasing acceptance of transfer dissolution setup in the research community, it is required to evaluate the crystallization/precipitation inhibition potential of polymers under dynamic pH shift conditions. Further, there is a need to develop a regulatory framework which provides definition and complete classification along with necessarily recommended studies to characterize and evaluate solid dispersions.
Exploring the learning climate in anaesthesiology training hospitals in Ireland
Authors: Walshe Criona M , Flaherty Gerard 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundLearning climate is defined as the learners' perception of their environment. There is growing evidence that learning climate is a major determinant of trainee behaviour. This mixed methods study evaluated the learning climate in anaesthesiology training hospitals in Ireland.MethodsThrough sequential explanatory strategy, learning climate was measured using a validated 40-item questionnaire, which was completed by 118 anaesthesiology trainees from eight training hospitals in Ireland. This was followed by two focus group interviews with 16 participants. Qualitative interpretations were derived using framework analysis.ResultsThe mean learning climate score was from the questionnaire 116 (+/−15.7) out of 160. The highest level of satisfaction recorded was for the perception of atmosphere (scoring 76% of the maximum score), while learning opportunities ranked lowest (67% of the maximum score). Three key themes emerged from the focus groups: lack of resources, the transient nature of the job and the sense of a gap between consultants and trainees.ConclusionsOverall there was an acceptable learning climate in training hospitals in Ireland, but satisfaction levels may vary and lack of learning opportunities appears to be a significant issue for trainees.
For everything there was a season: phenological shifts within the flora of the Tetons
Authors: Bloom Trevor , Riginos Corinna 
Published: November 2020

Around the world, phenology — the timing of ecological events — is shifting as the climate warms. This can lead to a variety of consequences for individual species and entire ecological communities, most notably when asynchronies develop between plants and animals that depend upon each other (e.g. nectar-consuming pollinators). Grand Teton National Park biologists have identified this topic (“effect of earlier plant flowering on pollinators and wildlife”) as one of their priority research needs. We have gathered, digitized, and quality-controlled phenological observations of first flowering dates collected by Frank Craighead, Jr. in the 1970s, before significant warming occurred. First flowering date for 87% of a 72-species data set correlates significantly with spring temperatures in the 1970s, suggesting that these plants should now be flowering earlier and will continue to flower earlier in the future. This year we began standardized phenological observations of these 72 species in the same location and initiated a citizen science program. Our proposed next steps are to: (1) gather and analyze further historical records of plant phenology; (2) conduct 3-5 additional years of contemporary observations; (3) link plant phenological changes with potential cascading impacts on pollinators and foragers; (4) model phenology under future climate change scenarios; and (5) implement a long-term citizen science program in the Tetons.

Featured photo by Shawna Wolf, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.
Paleoseismic study of the Northern Teton Fault, Wyoming
Authors: Thackray Glenn D. , Zellman Mark 
Published: November 2020

We investigated the earthquake history of the northern portion of the Teton fault by excavating two trenches across a fault scarp near the eastern shore of Jackson Lake, near Steamboat Mountain. We identified the primary stratigraphy of the trenches, logged the trenches in detail, and collected samples for dating analyses. The trenches exposed faulted glacial sediments and overlying hill slope colluvium and alluvial sediments. Interpretation of the trench stratigraphy is ongoing. Samples are currently being analyzed using radiocarbon and luminescence dating techniques to determine the ages of the sediments and constrain the timing of fault rupture. We hosted several visitors at the trench site, including professionals and students, and introduced two interns to the process of fault trenching and documentation.

Featured photo from Figure 3 in report.
Beaver and state transition in Yellowstone
Authors: Brooks Marjorie L. 
Published: November 2020

Extirpation of wolves from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) in the 1920shypothetically triggered a behaviorally-mediated trophic cascade in which elk (Cervus elaphus), released from the fear of wolf (Canis lupus) predation, over-browsed riparian zones. Eventually, vast areas of meadow-wetland complexes transitioned to grass-lodgepole systems. The importance of beaver (Castor canadensis) in wetland losses has received less attention. Beaver abandoned most of the GYE by the 1950s, possibly due to resource limitations. Researchers from Colorado State University established an experimental system for Long Term Environmental Research in Biology (LTREB) along several streams in the Lamar Valley of Yellowstone sixteen years ago. To evaluate effects of hydrologic changes and elk browsing on productivity of willows (Salix spp.) and state transition, they built small experimental dams with browsing exclosures. In 2015, beaver began recolonizing the region. I am investigating how their biologic as well as hydrologic impacts affect the underlying mechanisms of state transition: nutrient cycling, productivity, and stream respiration. I posit that beaver are keystone species, meaning that the sustained recovery of wetland-meadow complexes is unlikely without the higher levels of riparian productivity triggered by the biological influence of beaver.

Featured photo by Ben Amaral on Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/rohY54N6auU
Spatio-temporal ecological and evolutionary dynamics in natural butterfly populations
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Lucas Lauren 
Published: November 2020

Long term studies of wild populations indicate that natural selection can cause rapid and dramatic changes in traits, with spatial and temporal variation in the strength of selection a critical driver of genetic variation in natural populations. In 2012, we began a long term study of genome-wide molecular evolution in populations of the butterfly Lycaeides ideas in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA). We aimed to quantify the role of environment-dependent selection on evolution in these populations. Building on previous work, in 2017 we collected new samples, incorporated distance sampling, and surveyed the insect community at each site. We also defined the habitat boundary at anew, eleventh site. Our preliminary analyses suggest that both genetic drift and selection are important drivers in this system.

Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.
Are we overlooking the eco-geomorphic importance of wood in braided rivers?: A case study in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Kasprak Alan , Mueller Erich , Sankey Joel , Wheaton Joseph M. 
Published: November 2020

A decades-long body of research has hypothesized a fundamental incompatibility between braided rivers, which form due to a lack of bank cohesion and a highly-mobile channel bed, with vegetation, which stabilizes channel surfaces and hinders sediment mobilization. At the same time, many researchers have observed high densities of wood, occurring either as large jams or dense stands of mature trees, along the braid plain of multi-thread rivers worldwide. Here we seek to reconcile the perceived incompatibility of wood and braided rivers with the high densities of vegetation found along these streams using two multi-thread, gravel-bed rivers in Grand Teton National Park. In August of 2017, we completed topographic surveys along ~500 m reaches of Pacific and Pilgrim Creeks, tributaries to the Snake River in Jackson Hole. We seek to compare digital elevation models generated from these surveys with 2014 elevation data collected via airborne lidar to determine whether in-channel wood drives increases in bar density, depth variability, and in-channel habitat suitability for native salmonids. While the majority of our efforts following the August 2017 field campaign have been focused on lidar data processing and cleaning, our initial results indicate that wood is a dominant driver of bar formation in both Pilgrim and Pacific Creek, and may be the dominant driver of depth variability (e.g., pool scour) in gravel-bed braided streams in Grand Teton National Park.

Featured photo by Grand Teton on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/MyszYZ
The influence of fire interval on community structure in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Lanier Hayley C. , Moore Lynn M. , Roehrs Zachary P. , Wangeline Ami L. , Seville R. Scott 
Published: November 2020

With fires becoming more common in the intermountain West, understanding patterns of post-fire succession and the role of fire interval in shaping community responses has become critical. In 2016, the Berry Fire burned through 4 study grids which have been the focus of a long-term fire succession project started after the massive 1988 fire season. We investigated the effects of this fire with respect to the repeatability of post-fire succession patterns (i.e., does succession after the 2016 fire match patterns observed after the 1988 fire) and the role of burn interval in shaping community structure of small mammals, invertebrates, and plants. Preliminary results indicate that sites with short burn intervals had greater diversity and abundance across all three taxonomic groups, although these differences were not always significant. Whereas the dominant taxa (deer mice and ants) were the same 1 year after the 1988 and 2016 fires, we documented greater abundance of invertebrates and mammals and greater diversity of mammals after the 2016 fires. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of understanding fire regime (i.e., fire timing and intensity) in shaping these ecological communities into the future.

Featured photo by filarwilliams on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/KYMiJF
Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis), snow and refugia in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Laugenberg David , Hansen Andrew , Thoma David 
Published: November 2020

Research and management issues related to pine forests, snowpack and refugia are relevant to mountainous ecosystems globally. For this study, we investigated local snowpack longevity as an explanatory variable for whitebark pine performance (survival rate, growth rate and condition). We used Sentinel-2 imagery to monitor local snowpack longevity. This new imagery is spatially and temporally more appropriate than other publicly available satellite imagery, and early results indicate that Sentinel-2 imagery can be successfully used for this purpose. Sites were selected based on a multi-decade management effort by federal agencies to plant whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Relative to initial planting records, present-day field sampling affords an opportunity to evaluate whitebark pine performance over time.

Featured photo from Figure 3 in report.
Understanding wetland responses to climate change in the Greater Yellowstone Area
Authors: Levandowski Mary 
Published: November 2020

Wetlands in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) support a high diversity of species. Increased temperatures associated with climate change are related to increased wetland drying in the GYA, potentially affecting the species using wetlands. The National Park Service Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) started monitoring wetlands in 2006, focusing on amphibian occupancy. Adding novel surveillance techniques to GRYN’s existing, long-term monitoring program offers an opportunity to observe more species. This may help us better understand how wetland species diversity may be affected by climate change and provide additional information to managers. In 2017, I outfitted four permanent wetlands with equipment collecting photographs, acoustic recordings, and ultrasonic recordings for approximately five days in June/July. When the equipment was deployed, I collected environmental DNA (eDNA) samples. Data from wildlife cameras, acoustic recorders, ultrasonic recorders, and eDNA for cataloging the biological diversity of wetlands is still being analyzed. Acoustic data and eDNA samples require additional processing; however, preliminary data is available for photographic data and ultrasonic data. Cameras detected elk at all sites, whereas bat detection varied by site.

Featured photo by Neal Herbert on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2gv8cSh
Environmental noise influences song frequency of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Taylor Charles E. , Wang Yi-Ju , Cody Martin L. 
Published: November 2020

We explored how Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) alter their songs when encountering noise in Grand Teton National Park. Different strategies for avoiding signal masking are used by other species of birds, yet there is a lack of information of birds’ responses to higher noise levels–above 65 dB; such levels are often found in National Parks that have many visitors. In this study, we investigated singing behavior of Yellow Warblers when facing noise that ranged from 30 dB to 80 dB. In these preliminary results, we found that some features of Yellow Warblers did not appear to change with background noise level, including mean minimum frequency, bandwidth and song length. Other song features we studied did show small but statistically significant changes with higher background noise, including the peak frequency and the mean minimum frequency, both of which were significantly negatively correlated with the level of background noise. This result is different from the positive correlations that are typically observed. We speculate that this difference is due to the very high dB levels of background noise that we observed.

Featured photo bywagon16 on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/G2W6Bk
Oral histories of Exum Mountain Guides who began guiding between 1947 and 1965
Authors: Giel Kimberly E. , Youngs Yolonda 
Published: November 2020

Exum Mountain Guides is the oldest climbing guide service in North America. Exum guides have been integral to the growth of guiding as a profession as well as mountaineering in Grand Teton National Park, across the United States, and internationally. However, no comprehensive history of the guides and the guide service exists, nor have individual stories been consistently captured. This project conducted oral histories with guides, clients, and staff of Exum Mountain Guides, and then used those interviews to look at the pathways taken to become a guide, common experiences and characteristics between the guides, and what guiding life was like for those guides who began guiding prior to 1965. Future research is needed to collect additional oral histories and analyze the histories of guides who began guiding after 1965, as well as those of office staff, clients, and others and investigate changes that have occurred over time.

Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.
Field school for cultural documentation: Jackson Hole dude ranching traditions
Authors: Graham Andrea 
Published: November 2020

A two-week field school in cultural documentation and folklife provided training in ethnographic methods, with a focus on researching dude ranching traditions in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Eleven students and five faculty worked with the Triangle X Ranch in Grand Teton National Park to conduct 24 interviews with members of the Turner family (who founded and manage the ranch), employees, and guests, and to document buildings, landscapes, and activities on the ranch. Guests and employees value the genuine hospitality of the Turners, and the fact that the Triangle X is one of the few remaining old-style dude ranches that used to be numerous in the valley.

Featured photo from figure 2 in report.
A modified NHPA Section 110 Class II inventory using LiDAR imagery to locate historic-era homesteads and irrigation features of the lower Gros Ventre River floodplain terrace and Ditch Creek alluvial fan within Grand Teton National Park, Teton County, WY
Authors: Schroeder William 
Published: November 2020

GIS analysis of LiDAR imagery facilitated the completion of a modified NHPA Section 110 Class II survey and inventory. The identification and recordation of 58 new archaeological sites, 21 isolated finds, and 18 updated site records in the vicinity of the Mormon Row Historic District (MRHD; 48TE1444) has led to a recommendation that the landscape and the resources be collectively nominated and designated as a Rural Historic Landscape (RHL). The fieldwork was accomplished using a newly invented method called iterology that takes into account ideology, technology, historical ecology, and the archival/archaeological record in an iterative process (back and forth) across scales, dimensions, and intersections of cultural resources within a landscape in an effort to locate the object of Mormonideological desire in the archaeological record. One can locate the object of ideological desire in the archaeological record if certain assumptions are accepted and protocols followed. The result of the fieldwork and analysis is the location of the object as well as the production of a Doctoral dissertation outlining the methods and theory needed to arrive at the conclusions and results. The object is the Mormon Irrigation Pattern, first observed in LiDAR imagery at Mormon Row.

Featured photo by Tim Peterson on Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/Ab6ksdu5Q7k