bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Glycemic Variability and Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analysis of the FIELD Study
Authors: Scott Emma S , Januszewski Andrzej S , O’Connell Rachel , Fulcher Gregory , Scott Russell , Kesaniemi Antero , Wu Linda , Colagiuri Stephen , Keech Anthony , Jenkins Alicia J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
To investigate whether long-term glycemic variability (GV) is associated with vascular complication development in type 2 diabetes.

Methods
In a post hoc FIELD trial analysis, GV was calculated as the standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV) of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose. Baseline variables were compared across quartiles of on-study variability by chi square and ANOVA. Prospective associations between baseline to 2-year GV and subsequent vascular and mortality outcomes were analyzed using landmark logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
Baseline factors associated with higher on-study GV included younger age, male gender, longer diabetes duration, and higher pharmacological therapies usage. Both HbA1c and fasting glucose CV were associated with increased risk of microvascular complications (HR 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.03] P &lt; 0.01; and HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01] P &lt; 0.001, respectively). HbA1c and fasting glucose CV were associated with increased cardiovascular disease (HR 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]; and HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.02], both P &lt; 0.05). HbA1c CV associated with increased stroke (HR 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.06) P &lt; 0.01). Glucose CV associated with increased coronary events (HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.02] P &lt; 0.05). Both HbA1c and glucose CV associated with increased total mortality (HR 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.06]; and HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.02], both P &lt; 0.001) and noncardiovascular mortality (HR 1.05 [95% CI, (1.03-1.07]; and HR 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.03], both P &lt; 0.001). HbA1c CV associated with coronary mortality (HR 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.07] P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Long-term GV was associated with increased risk of vascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.
Fluid flow as a driver of embryonic morphogenesis
Authors: Daems Margo , Peacock Hanna M. , Jones Elizabeth A. V. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Fluid flow is a powerful morphogenic force during embryonic development. The physical forces created by flowing fluids can either create morphogen gradients or be translated by mechanosensitive cells into biological changes in gene expression. In this Primer, we describe how fluid flow is created in different systems and highlight the important mechanosensitive signalling pathways involved for sensing and transducing flow during embryogenesis. Specifically, we describe how fluid flow helps establish left-right asymmetry in the early embryo and discuss the role of flow of blood, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid in sculpting the embryonic cardiovascular and nervous system.
ACCEPT - combining acalabrutinib with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (R-CHOP) for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): study protocol for a Phase Ib/II open-label non-randomised clinical trial
Authors: Davies Andrew , Barrans Sharon , Burton Cathy , Mercer Katy , Caddy Joshua , Chinnery Fay , Day Laura , Fernando Diana , Ardeshna Kirit , Collins Graham , Radford John , Rule Simon , McMillan Andrew , Johnson Peter , Griffiths Gareth 
Published: August 2020

Background: Over 13,000 new cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) are diagnosed in the UK, with approximately 4,900 attributable deaths each year. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common NHL comprising one third of adult NHL cases. R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) is accepted as the international standard first-line regimen, but improvement in first line treatment is needed. Dysregulated B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling has been identified as a feature of DLBCL. Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), downstream of the BCR has proven efficacious in other B-cell malignancies and in combination with R-CHOP. The second generation Btk inhibitor, acalabrutinib, may have improved target potency and specificity, and therefore better efficacy and tolerability. Methods: ACCEPT is an open-label non-randomised Phase Ib/II trial testing the addition of acalabrutinib to conventional R-CHOP therapy. ACCEPT incorporates an initial 6+6 modified Phase I design of up to 24 participants followed by 15 participant single arm Phase II expansion cohort in treatment naive patients with histologically confirmed DLBCL expressing CD20. Participants are recruited from UK secondary care sites. Phase I will establish the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D, primary endpoint) of acalabrutinib in combination with R-CHOP. Phase II will gain additional information on safety and efficacy on the RP2D. The primary endpoints of Phase II are overall response rate and toxicity profile. Secondary endpoints include duration of response (progression-free survival and overall survival OS) in relation to cell of origin. Analyses are not powered for formal statistical comparisons; descriptive statistics will describe rates of toxicity, efficacy and translational endpoints. Discussion: ACCEPT will provide evidence for whether acalabrutinib in combination with R-CHOP is safe and biologically effective prior to future Phase II/III trials in patients with previously untreated CD20 positive DLBCL. Trial registration: EudraCT Number: 2015-003213-18 (issued 16 July 2015); ISRCTN13626902 (registered 07 March 2017).
New Zealand Society at War 1914–1918, Steven Loveridge (ed.) (2016)
Authors: Sedgwick Laura 
Published: August 2020

Review of: New Zealand Society at War 1914–1918, Steven Loveridge (ed.) (2016)
Wellington: Victoria University Press, 416 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 77656 060 8 (pbk), NZ$40
Tupuna Awa: People and Politics of the Waikato River, Marama Muru-Lanning (2016)
Authors: Mascher-Frigyesi Réka 
Published: August 2020

Review of: Tupuna Awa: People and Politics of the Waikato River, Marama Muru-Lanning (2016)
Auckland: Auckland University Press, 256 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 86940 850 3 (pbk), NZ$49.99
On the Distribution of Tract Lengths During Adaptive Introgression
Authors: Shchur Vladimir , Svedberg Jesper , Medina Paloma , Corbett-Detig Russell , Nielsen Rasmus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdmixture is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in evolutionary genetics. The distribution of genomic admixture tracts, and the resulting effects on admixture linkage disequilibrium, can be used to date the timing of admixture between species or populations. However, the theory used for such prediction assumes selective neutrality despite the fact that many famous examples of admixture involve natural selection acting for or against admixture. In this paper, we investigate the effects of positive selection on the distribution of tract lengths. We develop a theoretical framework that relies on approximating the trajectory of the selected allele using a logistic function. By numerically calculating the expected allele trajectory, we also show that the approach can be extended to cases where the logistic approximation is poor due to the effects of genetic drift. Using simulations, we show that the model is highly accurate under most scenarios. We use the model to show that positive selection on average will tend to increase the admixture tract length. However, perhaps counter-intuitively, conditional on the allele frequency at the time of sampling, positive selection will actually produce shorter expected tract lengths. We discuss the consequences of our results in interpreting the timing of the introgression of EPAS1 from Denisovans into the ancestors of Tibetans.
PrÃ©valence De Phragmanthera capitata (Spreng.) BallÃ© (Loranthaceae) Sur Les HÃ©vÃ©as Des Plantations Paysannes Du Site De Lâ€™UniversitÃ© Jean Lorougnon GuÃ©dÃ© Au Centre-Ouest de la CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire
Authors: Denis-Esdras Amon Anoh , Victoire Koulibaly Annick , El Lamine Sako Hamed , ArmÃ¨le Koffi AffouÃ© 
Published: August 2020

En CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire, lâ€™hÃ©vÃ©aculture est en pleine extension Ã cause de ses retombÃ©es Ã©conomiques et financiÃ¨res. Malheureusement, une destruction actuelle des branches de nombreux individus dâ€™hÃ©vÃ©as par les Loranthaceae, notamment Phragmanthera capitata est constatÃ©e. Cette situation est prÃ©judiciable Ã lâ€™Ã©conomie de cette activitÃ©. Pour limiter lâ€™infestation de ces parasites, il est urgent dâ€™entreprendre des mÃ©thodes de lutte efficaces. Pour mieux contrÃ´ler les Loranthaceae, une meilleure connaissance de leur comportement sâ€™impose. Cette Ã©tude vise Ã Ã©valuer la prÃ©valence de P. capitata sur les hÃ©vÃ©as des plantations paysannes du site de lâ€™UniversitÃ© Jean Lorougnon GuÃ©dÃ© de Daloa. Les inventaires basÃ©s sur les mÃ©thodes de relevÃ©s de surface et des observations directes ont Ã©tÃ© rÃ©alisÃ©s dans 3 plantations dâ€™hÃ©vÃ©as. Les rÃ©sultats ont montrÃ© une incidence Ã©levÃ©e et une sÃ©vÃ©ritÃ© dâ€™infestation des hÃ©vÃ©as par P. capitata. Ils ont indiquÃ© une diffÃ©rence significative entre lâ€™incidence dâ€™infestation et lâ€™indice de sÃ©vÃ©ritÃ© des hÃ©vÃ©as en fonction du dbh. Lâ€™incidence dâ€™infestation de ce parasite sur les hÃ©vÃ©as des plantations paysannes du site de lâ€™UniversitÃ© est de 30,48Â±11,12% et lâ€™indice de sÃ©vÃ©ritÃ© est 34,16Â±15,30%. Ces rÃ©sultats pourraient servir de rÃ©fÃ©rence pour la recherche dâ€™une mÃ©thode de lutte appropriÃ©e contre ce parasite trÃ¨s envahissant et trÃ¨s dÃ©vastateur sur les hÃ©vÃ©as.
In Cote dâ€™Ivoire, rubber cultivation is booming due to its economic and financial benefits. Unfortunately, the destruction of individual rubber tree branches notably by Loranthaceae, Phragmanthera capitata has been noticed as an impediment to rubber cultivation. This situation is detrimental to the economic rentability of this activity. Developing effective strategies to control these parasites plants is urgent. A better understanding of the behavior of Loranthaceae is necessary to control their expansion. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of P. capitata on the rubber trees of farming plantations located at the Jean Lorougnon GuÃ©dÃ© University site in Daloa. The inventories based on sampling blocks method and direct observations were used in three rubber plantations. The results showed a high level and severity of P. capitata invasion on rubber trees and indicated a significant difference between the incidence and intensity on rubber trees depending on their dbh. The incidence of invasion of P. capitata on rubber trees of the studied farming plantations premises is of 30,48Â±11.12% and the severity index is 34,16Â±15.30%. These results could be used as a reference to find more appropriate solutions to fight against the invasive and devastating effects of this parasite on rubber trees.
HUBUNGAN PENGUASAAN MATERI THAHARAH DENGAN KESADARAN MENJAGA KEBERSIHAN SEBAGAI ACUAN MANAJEMEN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH
Authors: Fikri Achmad Ali , Bustomi Muhammad Farid , Nikmah Astitik 
Published: August 2020

<p><em>This study aims to determine the mastery of student subject matter, the awareness of maintaining cleanliness of the school environment, and the relationship of mastery of student subject matter with the awareness of maintaining hygiene as a reference for school environment management. The population was 125 students of class VII MTs Hasan Kafrawi Jepara and a sample of 70 students with random sampling. Using a quantitative approach to the technique of collecting test data, questionnaires, and observations. Then using description analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed the value of r arithmetic = 0.431 means r arithmetic&gt; r table (0.431&gt; 0.235) This shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between mastery of student subject matter with awareness of maintaining cleanliness. This can be used as a reference for environmental management in MTs Hasan Kafrawi Jepara.</em></p>
Exome Sequencing Revealed Mutations in ADAT3 and HERC2 Genes in two Sudanese Families with Syndromic Mental Retardation
Authors: Yahia Ashraf , Bakhiet Aisha M. , Hamed Ahlam A. , Abozar Fatima , Adil Rawaa , Emad Sara , Musallam Mhammed Alhassan , Eltazi Isra Z. M. , Maaroof Omer M. , Ahmed Ammar E. , Elsayed Liena E. , Stevanin Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAutosomal recessive intellectual disabilities, syndromic and non-syndromic, are of specific importance in consanguineous communities. High throughput sequencing technologies have enhanced diagnosing the Mendelian forms of intellectual disability. Mental retardation 36 and 38 are emerging clinical entities with variable presentations that extend beyond adaptive and intellectual functioning. MethodsWe used exome sequencing, bioinformatic tools and Sanger sequencing to diagnose two Sudanese families with syndromic intellectual disability. ResultsWe identified the variant NM_138422.3 (ADAT3):c.430G>A (rs730882213) in a homozygous state in two female siblings manifesting a clinical phenotype consistent with mental retardation 36. This variant was previously identified as pathogenic founder variant in multiple families from the Middle East manifesting mental retardation 36. Our patients had bullet-shaped distal phalanges, expanding the previously reported presentation. In a second family, the proband had a clinical phenotype consistent with mental retardation 38. Genetic analysis revealed the novel homozygous variant NM_004667.4 (HERC2):c.10855C>T as the potential culprit. In addition to what has been reported previously, the proband had cleft lip and palate, bulbous nose, spastic lower limbs and stones in his gallbladder.Conclusion Herein, we corroborated and extended the previously reported phenotypic spectrums associated with autosomal recessive mental retardation 36 and 38.
The social support, mental health, psychiatric symptoms, and functioning of persons with schizophrenia participating in peer co-delivered vocational rehabilitation: a pilot study in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Kan-Yuan , Yen Chia-Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

A consensual understanding of the effect of vocational peer support (VPS) on the functioning of persons with schizophrenia still eludes researchers. There are also few VPS services found in non-Western countries. Hence, a pilot program of peer co-delivered vocational rehabilitation to support persons with schizophrenia in Taiwan was proposed and evaluated.
Methods

Six peers were trained and were willing to co-lead and assist workplace problem-solving and care skills training in an extended vocational rehabilitation program. A total of 46 persons with schizophrenia participated in such services from August 2017 to December 2018. The social support, mental health, psychiatric symptoms, and functioning of service users were assessed before and after peer co-delivered services, based on the following: Social Support Scale (SSS), Chinese Health Questionnaire-12 (CHQ-12), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Global Assessment of Function (GAF), and the Chinese version of the Social Functioning Scale (C-SFS).
Results

Most service users were middle-aged (49.1 ± 9.8), with 27 being male (58.7%). Forty-two service users who completed the program scored as follows before and after the intervention: 149.1 ± 31.8 vs. 161.2 ± 35.0, df = 41, t = 2.70, p = 0.01 (total SSS), and 44.4 ± 12.0 vs. 53.2 ± 13.2, df = 41, t = 4.72, p < 0.001 (subscale of friend-peer dimension); 69.8 ± 9.8 vs. 72.6 ± 8.8, df = 41, t = 3.50, p = 0.001 (GAF); 75.2 ± 8.8 vs. 78.1 ± 9.5, df = 41, t = 2.59, p = 0.01 (C-SFS); and 37.5 ± 35.5 vs. 43.6 ± 38.0, df = 41, t = 2.57, p = 0.01 (weekly wage). The BPRS-18 score decreased significantly after the intervention (31.2 ± 6.7 vs. 29.3 ± 5.0, df = 41, t = -2.83, p = 0.007).
Conclusions

Peer co-delivered vocational rehabilitation services can enhance the social support received by persons with schizophrenia and improve their occupational function (as evidenced in the wage increase). The pilot program proposed can thus be a model for non-Western countries with limited resources allocated from the government to support persons with schizophrenia.
The Lifting Force of An Airplane Wing When Flying Horizontally at High Speeds.
Authors: Braginsky Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, an explanation is given of the lift force of an airplane during horizontal flight. It is shown that during a flight, five vertical forces act on the airplane: gravity; pressure gradient with a minus sign; Archimedes force; potential force and the vortex force obtained from the action minimum. The first three forces were known before. The potential force was also known from the Bernoulli equation, but its effect on the airfoil from the air had not previously been taken into account. The vortex force obtained from the minimum action in the application to a continuous medium was not taken into account in aerodynamics. In horizontal flight the vortex force is directed upwards, it compensates for the gravity of the airplane at high speed commensurate with the speed of sound. The article provides an explanation of the vortex trail behind the airplane, mentioned in the CMI Millennium problem.
Scaling-up a New Socio-mental Health Service Model in Iran to Reduce Burden of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An Economic Evaluation Study
Authors: Hosseinijebeli Seyede Sedighe , Rezapour Aziz , Hajebi Ahmad , Lakeh Maziar Moradi , Damari Behzad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The integration of core packages of mental health care into routine primary health care has been introduced as an effective way to achieve universal health coverage in mental health care. Based on the transition of mental health care in Iran, from introducing basic mental health care in PHC to the experience of community-based mental health centers for urban areas, a new socio-mental health service model has been so far proposed. This study aimed to estimate the impact of scaling-up the new socio-mental health model at the national level as well as its associated costs.
Methods

This study was an economic evaluation following One Health Tool methodology. The data required for the study were collected in the first quarter of the year 2020 with a time horizon from 2020 to 2030. The selected metric for summarizing health effects is healthy life years gained. Resources used in terms of drug and supply, staff salaries and outpatient visits were documented and associated costs were subsequently estimated in order to estimate the average cost of each intervention per case.
Results

The health impacts are calculated in terms of healthy life years gained for 2020-30, after adjusting the prevalence and incidence rates for each disorder. In total, 1,702,755 healthy life years were expected to be gained. Considering total 1,913,325,408 US dollars cost in base case scenario, each healthy life years gained will cost around 1124 US dollars. Based on the WHO criteria for cost-effectiveness threshold, all of the values ranged from 1042 to 1150 US dollars obtained through eight different scenarios were considered as cost-effective given the GDP per capita of 5506 US dollars for Iran in 2019.
Conclusions

The present study provided a timely analysis as the ministry of health in Iran sought to implement an ambitious plan of mental care scaling-up across the country. Therefore, this work could make a useful contribution to state-level deliberations on the implementation of this plan. Expanding such works beyond the mental health to all non-communicable diseases and making comparisons between packages of cares can be thus great evidence while the programs are aimed to be scaled-up.
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Classifiers for the Prediction of Malaria Incidence Attributed to Climatic Factors
Authors: Mohapatra Pallavi , Tripathi N.K. , Pal Indrajit , Shrestha Sangam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: India has a rising rate of malaria as well as a high mortality rate despite awareness and efforts being focused on the issue. Some regions are profoundly affected than others, such as in Odisha, where the prevalence of malaria is nearly a third of the whole country. This study investigated the influence of climate factors on the incidence of malaria in the Sundargarh district in the state of Odisha, India. Methods: Block-wise observed station rainfall data was sourced from the Special Relief Commissioners' (SRC) web portal. Gridded surface maximum temperature and relative humidity data were accessed from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis data archive. Malaria incident data were collected from the Directorate of Public Health, Government of Odisha. WEKA machine learning tool with two classifier techniques, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and J48 with 10-fold cross-validation, percentile split (66%), and supplied test options, were used for the Malaria prediction. A comparative analysis was carried out on both techniques to ascertain the superior model amongst the two, concerning the prediction accuracy of malaria in the context of a varying climate. Classifier accuracy, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Kappa, and ROC scores were the indicators used for the analysis. Results: The results suggested that J48 had exhibited a better skill to MLP and illustrated less error with a positive kappa. In particular, the 10-fold cross-validation method had better performance over the percentile Spilt (66%) and supplied test options. J48 demonstrated less error (RMSE = 0.6), better kappa = 0.63, and higher accuracy = 0.71), suggesting it as most suitable model. Further, seasonal temperature and humidity variation had shown a better association with malaria incidents in comparison to rainfall.Conclusion: The performance of the machine learning methods for Sundargarh was particularly better during the monsoon and post-monsoon when the events are at the peak. The results were encouraging for the utilization of climate forecast for prediction of malaria incidences. It is thus recommended that the J48 classifier machine learning technique could be adopted for the development of malaria early warning system.