bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stiffness Tomography of Ultra‐Soft Nanogels by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Schulte M. Friederike , Bochenek Steffen , Brugnoni Monia , Scotti Andrea , Mourran Ahmed , Richtering Walter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe softness of nanohydrogels results in unique properties and recently attracted tremendous interest due to the multi‐functionalization of interfaces. Herein, we study extremely soft temperature‐sensitive ultra‐low cross‐linked (ULC) nanogels adsorbed to the solid/water interface by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ultra‐soft nanogels seem to disappear in classical imaging modes since a sharp tip fully penetrates these porous networks with very low forces in the range of steric interactions (ca. 100 pN). However, the detailed evaluation of Force Volume mode measurements allows us to resolve their overall shape and at the same time their internal structure in all three dimensions. The nanogels exhibit an extraordinary disk‐like and entirely homogeneous but extremely soft structure—even softer than polymer brushes. Moreover, the temperature‐sensitive nanogels can be switched on demand between the ultra‐soft and a very stiff state.
Towards Macroscopically Anisotropic Functionality: Oriented Metallo‐supramolecular Polymeric Materials Induced by Magnetic Fields
Authors: Tu Tsung‐Han , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Seki Shu , Ishida Yasuhiro , Chan Yi‐Tsu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBased on the predesigned self‐selective complexation, metallo‐supramolecular P3HT‐b‐PEO diblock copolymers with varying block ratios were synthesized, and their oriented polymer films generated during solvent evaporation in a 9 T magnetic field were investigated. An anisotropic, ordered layer structure was achieved using [P3HT20‐Zn‐PEO107] and carefully characterized by polarized optical microscopy (POM), AFM, polarized UV/Vis spectroscopy, and GI‐SAXS/WAXS. The PEO‐removed [P3HT20‐Zn‐PEO107] film was obtained after decomplexation with TEA‐EDTA under mild conditions, and the selective removal of PEO domains was evidenced by UV/Vis and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Anisotropic photoconductivity of the magnetically aligned film was evaluated by flash‐photolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity (FP‐TRMC) measurements. The results indicated that the presence of insulating crystalline PEO segments diminished the photoconductivity along the P3HT backbone direction.
The Size‐Accelerated Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Pölloth Benjamin , Sibi Mukund P. , Zipse Hendrik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe factors responsible for the kinetic resolution of alcohols by chiral pyridine derivatives have been elucidated by measurements of relative rates for a set of substrates with systematically growing aromatic side chains using accurate competitive linear regression analysis. Increasing the side chain size from phenyl to pyrenyl results in a rate acceleration of more than 40 for the major enantiomer. Based on this observation a new catalyst with increased steric bulk has been designed that gives enantioselectivity values of up to s=250. Extensive conformational analysis of the relevant transition states indicates that alcohol attack to the more crowded side of the acyl‐catalyst intermediate is favoured due to stabilizing CH‐π‐stacking interactions. Experimental and theoretical results imply that enantioselectivity enhancements result from accelerating the transformation of the major enantiomer through attractive non‐covalent interactions (NCIs) rather than retarding the transformation of the minor isomer through repulsive steric forces.
Synthesis, in vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and reverse docking‐based target fishing of 1,4‐benzoxazin‐2‐one derivatives
Authors: Stepanova Ekaterina E. , Balandina Svetlana Yu , Drobkova Vera A. , Dmitriev Maksim V. , Mashevskaya Irina V. , Maslivets Andrey N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeventeen 1,4‐benzoxazin‐2‐ones bearing the enaminone moiety and three of their analogs were tested for the antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv). Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined after 41 days of incubation by BACTEC. 1,4‐Benzoxazin‐2‐ones bearing the unsubstituted benzo moiety showed the most promising activities (MBC = 5.00 µg/ml). For most active compounds, antibacterial activities were determined daily during the 41 days. The most promising compound showed a bacteriostatic effect at a concentration of 0.31 µg/ml on Day 4 of incubation, 0.62 µg/ml on Day 6, 2.50 µg/ml on Day 9, and 5.00 µg/ml on Day 41. All studied compounds, along with some of their reported analogs, were docked to 35 proteins of M. tuberculosis to find their potent targets in these organisms. As a result of reverse docking, aspartate 1‐decarboxylase, panD, was selected as the most appropriate target. Docking of the most active compounds to mutant panD from pyrazinamide‐resistant strains of M. tuberculosis implies that they would not be active against these strains. Considering that most of pyrazinamide clinical resistance cases are due to loss‐of‐function mutations in pyrazinamidase, pncA, compounds from this study could be useful drugs for the treatment of some cases of pyrazinamide‐resistant tuberculosis.
Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling/Annulation of Arene Carboxylic Acids and Alkenes in Water with Ruthenium(II) Catalyst and Air
Authors: Mandal Anup , Garai Bholanath , Dana Suman , Bera Ratnadeep , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of arene carboxylic acids with olefins is reported with ruthenium(II) catalyst employing air and water as green oxidant and solvent, respectively. It offers a robust synthesis of valuable phthalide molecules. A one‐pot sequential strategy is also disclosed to access Heck‐type products that are apparently difficult to make directly from arene carboxylic acids.
Advanced stabilizing control for electric scooters
Authors: Chen Tao‐Hung , Tu Chia‐Hung , Lin Chun‐Liang , Hsu Shun‐Pin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel traction control system (TCS) based on feedback sensing of multi‐state of electric scooters (i.e. vehicle‐road inclination, vehicle yaw rate, vehicle lateral force, vehicle slip, vehicle speed, etc.). The real‐time states of the scooter are measured by a Hall sensor at the rear wheel, a photointerrupter at the front wheel and inertial measurement unit at the center‐of‐gravity of the vehicle. A fuzzy logic based traction control design is developed to against the driving wheel drift or slipping. The controller is realized by an advanced digital signal processor for fast command computation. Our design has been successfully applied in a commercial electric scooter with satisfactory performance for the pre‐specified testing items. Real‐world experiments prove feasibility of the proposed design which show that our design can effectively prevent the electric scooter from slipping while improves riding safety.
Research quality and transparency, outcome measurement and evidence for safety and effectiveness in robot-assisted surgery: systematic review
Authors: Garfjeld Roberts P , Glasbey J C , Abram S , Osei-Bordom D , Bach S P , Beard D J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) has potential panspecialty surgical benefits. High-quality evidence for widespread implementation is lacking. This systematic review aimed to assess the RAS evidence base for the quality of randomized evidence on safety and effectiveness, specialty ‘clustering’, and outcomes for RAS research.

Methods
A systematic review was undertaken according to PRISMA guidelines. All pathologies and procedures utilizing RAS were included. Studies were limited to RCTs, the English language and publication within the last decade. The main outcomes selected for the review design were safety and efficacy, and study purpose. Secondary outcomes were study characteristics, funding and governance.

Results
Searches identified 7142 titles, from which 183 RCTs were identified for data extraction. The commonest specialty was urology (35·0 per cent). There were just 76 unique study populations, indicating significant overlap of publications; 103 principal studies were assessed further. Only 64·1 per cent of studies reported a primary outcome measure, with 29·1 per cent matching their registration/protocol. Safety was assessed in 68·9 per cent of trials; operative complications were the commonest measure. Forty-eight per cent of trials reported no significant difference in safety between RAS and comparator, and 11 per cent reported RAS to be superior. Efficacy or effectiveness was assessed in 80·6 per cent of trials; 43 per cent of trials showed no difference between RAS and comparator, and 24 per cent reported that RAS was superior. Funding was declared in 47·6 per cent of trials.

Conclusion
The evidence base for RAS is of limited quality and variable transparency in reporting. No patterns of harm to patients were identified. RAS has potential to be beneficial, but requires continued high-quality evaluation.
Shortening surgical training through robotics: randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus robotic surgical learning curves
Authors: Gall T M H , Alrawashdeh W , Soomro N , White S , Jiao L R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive surgery is the standard technique for many operations. Laparoscopic training has a long learning curve. Robotic solutions may shorten the training pathway. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic with robotic training in surgical trainees and medical students.

Methods
Surgical trainees (ST group) were randomized to receive 6 h of robotic or laparoscopic simulation training. They then performed three surgical tasks in cadaveric specimens. Medical students (MS group) had 2 h of robotic or laparoscopic simulation training followed by one surgical task. The Global Rating Scale (GRS) score (maximum 30), number of suture errors, and time to complete each procedure were recorded.

Results
The median GRS score for the ST group was better for each procedure after robotic training compared with laparoscopic training (total GRS score: 27·00 (i.q.r. 22·25–28·33) versus 18·00 (16·50–19·04) respectively, P &lt; 0·001; 10 participants in each arm). The ST group made fewer errors in robotic than in laparoscopic tasks, for both continuous (7·00 (4·75–9·63) versus 22·25 (20·75–25·25); P &lt; 0·001) and interrupted (8·25 (6·38–10·13) versus 29·50 (23·75–31·50); P &lt; 0·001) sutures. For the MS group, the robotic group completed 8·67 interrupted sutures with 15·50 errors in 40 min, compared with only 3·50 sutures with 40·00 errors in the laparoscopic group (P &lt; 0·001) (10 participants in each arm). Fatigue and physical comfort levels were better after robotic compared with laparoscopic operating for both groups (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
The acquisition of surgical skills in surgical trainees and the surgically naive takes less time with a robotic compared with a laparoscopic platform.
Simultaneous determination of five bioactive components of XiaoJin Capsule in normal and mammary gland hyperplasia rat plasma using LC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Lei Huibo , Qi Xiaopo , Guo Xin , Xu Xike , Zu Xianpeng , Ye Ji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractXiaoJin Capsule (XJC) is a classic Traditional Chinese Medicine formula for clinical treatment of thyroid nodules, mammary gland hyperplasia and breast cancer. For the specification and rational application of XJC in the future, an accurate and specific LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of five components in rat plasma after oral administration of XJC. The collected plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation with methanol–acetonitrile (1:3, v/v) mixture solvent and separated on a C18 column using a gradient elution system. Mass spectrometry was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, and samples were detected in positive ionization and multiple reactions monitoring mode. The method was properly validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9910) over their concentration ranges. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (RSD) were within 11.0%, and the LLOQ was 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 7.5 and 7.5 ng/ml for aconine, songorine, neoline, 3‐acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid and 11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid, respectively. Extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were satisfactory in rat plasma. This established method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetics study of five compounds after oral administration of XJC to normal and mammary gland hyperplasia model rats.
The five‐in‐one teaching mode in the teaching of engineering courses
Authors: Tian Jiandong , He Guifang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConsidering the intertwining of information technology and engineering specialty courses, research on the application of the “Five‐in‐one” teaching mode based on building information modeling (BIM) in the teaching of engineering specialty courses is practical and significant. This article comprehensively analyzes the research status of the teaching mode of engineering courses in China and the integration of BIM in the teaching of specialized courses. On the basis of the personnel cultivating programs for various engineering majors in combination with the three‐dimensional information model, BIM, this study proposed the “Five‐in‐one" teaching mode covering aspects of scenario creation, new knowledge exploration, knowledge application, thinking training, and teamwork. This teaching mode is adaptable to the reform of engineering classroom teaching and it complements professional talent training goals. The "Five‐in‐one" teaching mode guides students to learn to choose and develop actively, enabling them to become the core of the classroom. The academic performances of students are studied using variance and covariance analysis models, forming a complete set of analysis results. This study uses the teaching practice of the BIM‐based "Five‐in‐one" teaching mode in the engineering courses of an application‐oriented university in Guangxi as an example. The results obtained show that this method achieved good results. The students' mastery of basic knowledge, basic skills, and basic thinking methods of the subject improved significantly. Thus, theoretical references for the practice and research of the teaching mode of professional courses for application‐oriented universities at home and abroad have been provided.
The negative feedback between miR‐143 and DNMT3A regulates cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Han Xi , Liu Dan , Zhou Yuanyuan , Wang Lijie , Hou Huilian , Chen He , Zhang Lirui , Chen Wei , Li Xu , Zhao Le 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that miR‐143 plays an important role in the regulation of tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. The study explores the underlying mechanism of miR‐143 in reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. The cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780/CDDP was induced and established via treating A2780 cells by gradually increasing cisplatin concentrations. The IC50 values of A2780/CDDP and A2780 to cisplatin were 218.10 ± 1.12 and 21.99 ± 1.12 μM, respectively. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) results showed that miR‐143 was significantly decreased in A2780/CDDP cells compared with A2780 cells. miR‐143 overexpression decreased cisplatin resistance in A2780/CDDP, and miR‐143 inhibition decreased A2780 sensitivity to cisplatin. Results of qRT‐PCR, Western blot analysis, and luciferase reporter assay indicated that the direct target of miR‐143 was DNMT3A, which, in turn, was upregulated in A2780/CDDP. DNMT3A overexpression antagonized the sensitizing effect of miR‐143 on A2780/CDDP to cisplatin. Knocking down of DNMT3A reduced cisplatin resistance in A2780/CDDP, while overexpression of DNMT3A increased cisplatin resistance in A2780. Methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction results showed that the methylation level in the promoter region of the miR‐143 precursor gene was higher in A2780/CDDP cells than in A2780 cells. DNMT3A mediated the hypermethylation of the miR‐143 precursor gene, resulting in miR‐143 downregulation in A2780/CDDP. miR‐143 inhibited cell growth of A2780/CDDP cell in nude mice. Our findings indicated the negative feedback between miR‐143 and DNMT3A as a crucial epigenetic modifier of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
Tocilizumab for treating severe COVID‐19 pneumonia refractory to combined hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir plus ritonavir, and favipiravir: A case series
Authors: Surabotsophon Manoon , Klai‐On Yingyot , Thanachartwet Vipa , Khunapornphairote Sirote , Chamnanchanunt Supat , Racharak Theerapat , Laisuan Wannada , Sahassananda Duangjai , Hapunna Samlee , Jinapuk Somjit , Leelasetakul Suthee , Desakorn Varunee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThree patients diagnosed with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia received treatment with hydroxychloroquine combined with lopinavir, ritonavir, and favipiravir. Two patients diagnosed early, received tocilizumab when the pneumonia became severe and survived. The thrid patient was diagnosed late and received tocilizumab when the disease progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and died.
Competition of Ligands and the 18‐mer Binding Domain of the RHAU Helicase for G‐Quadruplexes: Orthosteric or Allosteric Binding Mechanism?
Authors: Marchand Adrien , Beauvineau Claire , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Zenobi Renato 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStabilizing the DNA and RNA structures known as G‐quadruplexes (G4s) using specific ligands is a strategy that has been proposed to fight cancer. However, although G‐quadruplex:ligand (G4:L) interactions have often been investigated, whether or not ligands are able to disrupt G‐quadruplex:protein (G4:P) interactions remains poorly studied. In this study, using native mass spectrometry, we have investigated ternary G4:L:P complexes formed by G4s, some of the highest affinity ligands, and the binding domain of the RHAU helicase. Our results suggest that RHAU binds not only preferentially to parallel G4s, but also to free external G‐quartets. We also found that, depending on the G4, ligands could prevent the binding of the peptide, either by direct competition for the binding sites (orthosteric inhibition) or by inducing conformational changes (allosteric inhibition). Notably, the ligand Cu–ttpy (ttpy=4′‐tolyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine) induced a conformational change that increased the binding of the peptide. This study illustrates that it is important to not only characterize drug–target interactions, but also how the binding to other partners is affected.
Tunable Phosphorescence/Fluorescence Dual Emissions of Organic Isoquinoline‐Benzophenone Doped Systems by Alkoxy Engineering
Authors: Chen Yating , Xie Yufeng , Shen Hao , Lei Yunxiang , Zhou Yunbing , Dai Wenbo , Cai Zhengxu , Liu Miaochang , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Huayue 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDual/multi‐component organic doped systems with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) properties have been developed. However, the unknown luminescence mechanism still greatly limits the development of the doped materials. Herein, a new doped system exhibiting phosphorescence/fluorescence dual emission (Φphos=4–24 % and τphos=101–343 ms) is successfully constructed through prediction and design. A series of isoquinoline derivatives with different alkoxy chains were selected as the guests. Benzophenone was chosen as the host owing to the characteristics of low melting point and good crystallinity. The alkoxy chain lengths of the guests are first reported to be used to control the fluorescence and phosphorescence intensities of the doped materials, which results in different prompt emission colors. Additionally, the doped ratio of the guest and host can also control the luminous intensities of the materials. In particular, the doped materials still exhibit phosphorescent properties even if the ratio of the guest/host is as low as 1:100 000.
A Water‐Gated Organic Thin‐Film Transistor for Glyphosate Detection: A Comparative Study with Fluorescence Sensing
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Asano Koichiro , Minamiki Tsukuru , Zhang Zhoujie , Takizawa Shin‐ya , Kubota Riku , Minami Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Tsuyoshi Minami at the University Tokyo. The image illustrates that despite being fabricated with the same polythiophene material, a water‐gated organic thin‐film transistor is a more sensitive device than a fluorescence sensor chip. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202003529.
Molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer
Authors: Vaidya Foram U. , Sufiyan Chhipa Abu , Mishra Vinita , Gupta Vishal Kumar , Rawat Shiv Govind , Kumar Ajay , Pathak Chandramani 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy is a major hurdle in the successful application of cancer therapy. Several anticancer approaches, including chemotherapies, radiotherapy, surgery and targeted therapies are being employed for the treatment of cancer. However, cancer cells reprogram themselves in multiple ways to evade the effect of these therapies, and over a period of time, the drug becomes inactive due to the development of multi‐drug resistance (MDR). MDR is a complex phenomenon where malignant cells become insensitive to anticancer drugs and attain the ability to survive even after several exposures of anticancer drugs. In this review, we have discussed the molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer.Recent FindingsAn Extensive research in cancer biology revealed that drug resistance in cancer is the result of perpetuated intracellular and extracellular mechanisms such as drug efflux, drug inactivation, drug target alteration, oncogenic mutations, altered DNA damage repair mechanism, inhibition of programmed cell death signaling, metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), inherent cell heterogeneity, epigenetic changes, redox imbalance, or any combination of these mechanisms. An inevitable cross‐link between inflammation and drug resistance has been discussed. This review provided insight molecular mechanism to understand the vulnerabilities of cancer cells to develop drug resistance.ConclusionMDR is an outcome of interplays between multiple intricate pathways responsible for the inactivation of drug and development of resistance. MDR is a major obstacle in regimens of successful application of anti‐cancer therapy. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of multi drug resistance and cellular reprogramming can provide a promising opportunity to combat drug resistance in cancer and intensify anti‐cancer therapy for the upcoming future.