bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSI-33 Evaluation of calf performance when cows grazing native rangeland are vaccinated for bovine viral diarrhea virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis using either a modified live or killed vaccine
Authors: Lujan Luis A , Melchior Emily A , Rosasco Shelby L , Dunlap Richard L , Cox Shad H , Scholljegerdes Eric J , Wenzel John C , Lodge-Ivey Shanna L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases of cattle worldwide. Vaccination of cattle with antivirals have proven effective to reduce instances of BVDV. However, vaccination protocol adoption by producers and animal response to vaccination varies. The objective of this study was to determine if administration to the dam of a modified-live viral vaccine (MLV) or killed viral vaccine (KV) would impact the growth and rumen fermentation end products of the calf. The hypothesis for this study was that calves from dams vaccinated with MLV would have improved performance. Calves (n = 20) born to dams that received either MLV or KV over the course of their lifetime, were housed on rangeland at the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center in Corona, NM. Cow ruminal contents were collected at birth. Both cow and calf ruminal contents were collected at 7, 35, 63, and 205 d of age. Cow body condition score did not differ between treatments (P &gt; 0.05) (average KV = 4.3 + 0.8 and MLV = 4.3 + 0.8) at calving. Additionally, calf birth (P =0.66) weight and weaning weight (P &gt; 0.05) did not differ between dam vaccine type. At days postpartum x vaccine type interaction was not observed for calf ruminal pH (P = 0.20) and volatile fatty acid concentrations (P &gt; 0.28). However, calf ruminal pH increased with age (P &lt; 0.0001). Butyrate concentrations were least at 7 days of age (P = 0.0069). Therefore, we reject our hypothesis; calves born from dams receiving MLV do not have improved performance when compared to KV counterparts. Results indicate birth weight, weaning weight, pre-weaned calves pH, and volatile fatty acid concentration, are not impacted by dam’s vaccination type; however, impacts on calf immunity have not been evaluated and require further research.
PSI-35 Foot and hair shedding scores of crossbred cattle grazing native rangeland differ by age group
Authors: Eiguren Nick M , Peterson Katie , McFarlane Zach D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Structural soundness is crucial to improve productivity and longevity of beef cattle in rangeland landscapes. In addition, hair shedding scores are utilized to select for heat tolerant cattle. Thus, the objective of this study was to collect data indicative of cattle adaptability to extensive rangeland landscapes in the Cal Poly beef cattle herd. Three trained technicians assigned claw set, foot angle and hair shedding scores. All data were collected over a 2-day period (n = 3 ranch locations) and foot scores were only collected from females (n = 211) that were at least 1 year of age. Each female was assigned a score for foot angle and claw set (1–9, 5 being ideal). A hair shedding score was also allocated (1–5, 1 = 0% winter coat, 5 = 100% winter coat) to both cows and calves of dams assigned to different age groups. Cattle were retrospectively assigned to a group based on age (Young = 2–3 years of age, Moderate = 4–7 years of age, Old = 8+ years of age) and data were analyzed with the main effects of ranch location and cow age group. Ranch location had no impact (P &gt; 0.05) on foot score or hair shedding score. Cow age group had a significant impact (P &lt; 0.01) on claw set, with young cows exhibiting a lower and more ideal foot score. However, cow age had no effect on hoof angle (P = 0.23). Young cows had a greater (P &lt; 0.001) hair shedding score than their counterparts. Calf hair shedding score was not different (P ≥ 0.23) among dam age groups or ranch locations. Thus, these data indicate that feet and leg structure is compromised as cows age, and younger cows with higher hair shedding scores may lack adaptability to heat stress.
PSI-34 Factors influencing bull selection and management in extensive rangeland production systems of California
Authors: Peterson Katie , Schohr Tracy , DeAtley Kasey , McFarlane Zach D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
California’s 660,000 head of beef cattle are highly dependent on bulls used to produce offspring that can perform across the state’s diverse ecological regions. Bulls need to be functional on rugged coastal landscapes, rolling foothills, deserts and in high-elevation terrain. Few data exist that indicate factors related to selection, maintenance and longevity of bulls used in rangeland landscapes. Objectives herein, were to assess factors influencing bull purchasing, management, and culling decisions of California beef producers. Surveys were mailed to the California Cattlemen’s Association membership (n = 1,410) with ~ 12% response rate (n = 171). Data were analyzed for 56% of respondents (n = 95). Mean age and years of bull selection experience of respondents was 61 ± 1 years and 27 ± 2 years, respectively. Respondents managed cattle on a total of 694,949 ha of owned, private leased, and leased public rangelands in California and surrounding states. Cow-calf herd size was 378 ± 92 head and bull battery averaged 18 ± 3 head with average bull longevity of 5 ± 0.8 years. The average price paid for bulls in the last 2 years was $5166 ± 298, while the highest price paid in the last 5 years was $6958 ± 445. Survey responses were used to define current factors driving management after purchase and for subsequent breeding seasons. Methodology for bull turnout management (i.e. high-energy diet, pasture, supplemental hay) had no impact (P = 0.13) on average age of bulls when culled. After bull purchase, 46% of producers turned bulls out directly with females, while 49% held bulls until the following breeding season. Additionally, most producers (75%) did not manage bulls to reduce condition after purchase. Average bull longevity was moderately correlated (P = 0.01; r2 = 0.30) with average bull price a producer was willing to pay. The average age of bulls when culled was not influenced (P = 0.42) by the frequency of semen quality evaluation. Semen quality was evaluated annually by 45% of respondents, while 20% of respondents never evaluated semen quality. Respondents indicated bull age (35%) and structural soundness (29%) as the most common factors for culling bulls. This research suggests the need for additional research focused on bull selection and management to maximize producer investment in reproduction.
Core Tech Support Networks and Digital Inequalities in American Disadvantaged Urban Communities
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Chen Wenhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study originates the construct of core tech support networks to understand the most fundamental digital inequality issues that remain in disadvantaged communities. Beyond social inequalities, digital factors, and social capital, this study explores how three different characteristics of core tech support networks are related to digital inequalities, such as gaps in Internet use and basic digital skills. The results show that the overall size of core tech support networks and the better resources embedded in the networks can narrow gaps in Internet use and the presence of basic digital skills. However, they do not further improve the proficiency levels of basic digital skills. Core tech support networks’ composition based on tie strength is not related to inequalities in either Internet use or basic digital skills. This study provides both valuable theoretical and practical implications for digital inequalities and digital inclusion.
Barriers to Nutrition Interventions in Army Dining Facilities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Armstrong Nicholes J , Serrano Erik E , Cole Renee E , Bukhari Asma S , Jayne Julianna M 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Interventions that encourage good nutrition-related behaviors in the dining environment can potentially influence the health of large numbers of military personnel. Thus, the Army has studied the effectiveness of implementing nutrition education and dining facility (DFAC) changes that included healthier recipes, revised menus, and population-specific point-of-choice labeling, but successful intervention implementation largely depends on the foodservice employees’ understanding, knowledge, and desire to sustain changes. This phenomenological, qualitative study aimed to better understand common barriers to the implementation and sustainment of DFAC-based nutrition interventions at two U.S. Army DFACs.

Materials and Methods
Focus group sessions (n = 168 participants) ranging from 60 to 90 minutes in length were conducted at two large DFACs on three separate occasions every 4 months from May 2015 to January 2016 among the foodservice staff during intervention implementation. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using NVivo 11 software. Researchers conducted multiple rounds of coding following an iterative process until four principal themes emerged.

Results
Principal themes related to the foodservice employees’ experience during the nutrition intervention revealed barriers to a successful implementation related to (1) nutrition knowledge deficits, (2) inadequate culinary training, (3) poor management practices, and (4) low staff morale.

Conclusion
A lack of foodservice staff training and education is a significant contributor to implementation barriers. Future interventions should increase engagement with foodservice employees during intervention planning and implementation phases with a structured and tailored nutrition education and culinary skill training program. Addressing these barriers may enhance staff morale and promote intervention adherence.
Measuring the surface mass density ellipticity of redMaPPer galaxy clusters using weak lensing
Authors: Gonzalez Elizabeth J , Makler Martín , García Lambas Diego , Chalela Martín , Pereira Maria E S , Van Waerbeke Ludovic , Shan HuanYuan , Erben Thomas 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
In this work, we study the shape of the projected surface mass density distribution of galaxy clusters using weak-lensing stacking techniques. In particular, we constrain the average aligned component of the projected ellipticity, ϵ, for a sample of redMaPPer clusters (0.1 ≤ z &lt; 0.4). We consider six different proxies for the cluster orientation and measure ϵ for three ranges of projected distances from the cluster centres. The mass distribution in the inner region (up to 700 kpc) is better traced by the cluster galaxies with a higher membership probability, while the outer region (from 700 kpc up to 5 Mpc) is better traced by the inclusion of less probable galaxy cluster members. The fitted ellipticity in the inner region is ϵ = 0.21 ± 0.04, in agreement with previous estimates. We also study the relation between ϵ and the cluster mean redshift and richness. By splitting the sample in two redshift ranges according to the median redshift, we obtain larger ϵ values for clusters at higher redshifts, consistent with the expectation from simulations. In addition, we obtain higher ellipticity values in the outer region of clusters at low redshifts. We discuss several systematic effects that might affect the measured lensing ellipticities and their relation to the derived ellipticity of the mass distribution.
Contribution of statistical site learning to improve optical turbulence forecasting
Authors: Giordano C , Rafalimanana A , Ziad A , Aristidi E , Chabé J , Fanteï-Caujole Y , Renaud C 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The forecast for atmospheric and turbulence conditions above astronomical observatories is of interest to the astronomical community because it allows observations to be planned with maximum efficiency, a process called flexible scheduling. It can also be used to simulate long-term site testing to provide local information useful for the conception of focal and post-focal instrumentation. We have presented our forecasting tool in previous publications, but in this paper we focus on the importance of using local measurements to improve the predictive turbulence model and to better consider the local specificities of a given site, a process we call site learning. For this study, we use a local data base provided by the Calern Atmospheric Turbulence Station, which has been operational since 2015 at Calern Observatory. In addition, we use a set of several months of predictions to feed the turbulence model, taking into account daytime and nighttime conditions. This upgrade improves the quality of our forecasting by reducing the absolute bias between measurements and predictions from 25 to 50 per cent for each layer of the $C_n^2$, by 25 per cent for the seeing, and by 70 per cent for the isoplanatic angle.
An unusually low density ultra-short period super-Earth and three mini-Neptunes around the old star TOI-561
Authors: Lacedelli G , Malavolta L , Borsato L , Piotto G , Nardiello D , Mortier A , Stalport M , Collier Cameron A , Poretti E , Buchhave L A , López-Morales M , Nascimbeni V , Wilson T G , Udry S , Latham D W , Bonomo A S , Damasso M , Dumusque X , Jenkins J M , Lovis C , Rice K , Sasselov D , Winn J N , Andreuzzi G , Cosentino R , Charbonneau D , Di Fabrizio L , Martnez Fiorenzano A F , Ghedina A , Harutyunyan A , Lienhard F , Micela G , Molinari E , Pagano I , Pepe F , Phillips D F , Pinamonti M , Ricker G , Scandariato G , Sozzetti A , Watson C A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Based on HARPS-N radial velocities (RVs) and TESS photometry, we present a full characterization of the planetary system orbiting the late G dwarf TOI-561. After the identification of three transiting candidates by TESS, we discovered two additional external planets from RV analysis. RVs cannot confirm the outer TESS transiting candidate, which would also make the system dynamically unstable. We demonstrate that the two transits initially associated with this candidate are instead due to single transits of the two planets discovered using RVs. The four planets orbiting TOI-561 include an ultra-short period (USP) super-Earth (TOI-561 b) with period Pb = 0.45 d, mass Mb = 1.59 ± 0.36 M⊕ and radius Rb = 1.42 ± 0.07 R⊕, and three mini-Neptunes: TOI-561 c, with Pc = 10.78 d, Mc = 5.40 ± 0.98 M⊕, Rc = 2.88 ± 0.09 R⊕; TOI-561 d, with Pd = 25.6 d, Md = 11.9 ± 1.3 M⊕, Rd = 2.53 ± 0.13 R⊕; and TOI-561 e, with Pe = 77.2 d, Me = 16.0 ± 2.3 M⊕, Re = 2.67 ± 0.11 R⊕. Having a density of 3.0 ± 0.8 g cm−3, TOI-561 b is the lowest density USP planet known to date. Our N-body simulations confirm the stability of the system and predict a strong, anti-correlated, long-term transit time variation signal between planets d and e. The unusual density of the inner super-Earth and the dynamical interactions between the outer planets make TOI-561 an interesting follow-up target.
Collisional excitation of C+(2P) spin-orbit levels by molecular hydrogen revisited
Authors: Kłos Jacek , Dagdigian Paul J , Lique François 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Relaxation of the spin-orbit excited C+(2P3/2) ion by collisions with H2 is an important process in the interstellar medium. Previous calculations of rate coefficients for this process employed potential energies computed for only collinear and perpendicular approach of H2 to the ion. To capture the full angular dependence of the C+–H2 interaction, the angular variation of the potential has been obtained by quantum chemical calculations in this work. These data were used to compute rate coefficients for the de-excitation of the C+(2P3/2) level in collisions with H2 in its j = 0, 1, and 2 rotational levels. With the assumption that the para-H2 rotational levels are in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE), rate coefficients were then calculated for de-excitation by para- and ortho-H2 for temperature ranging from 5 to 500 K. The rate coefficient for de-excitation by para-H2 is ca. 10 per cent higher at temperatures near 100 K but 10 per cent lower at temperatures greater than 300 K than the previous best calculation. By contrast, the de-excitation rate coefficient for ortho-H2 is 15 per cent higher at low temperatures but approximately equal as compared with the previous best calculation. The impact of these new rate coefficients is briefly tested in radiative transfer calculations.
Iron sucrose (‘RBT-3’) activates the hepatic and renal HAMP1 gene, evoking renal hepcidin loading and resistance to cisplatin nephrotoxicity
Authors: Zager Richard A , Johnson Ali C M , Therapeutics Renibus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Iron sucrose (FeS) administration induces a state of renal preconditioning, protecting against selected forms of acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent evidence suggests that recombinant hepcidin also mitigates acute renal damage. Hence the goals of this study were to determine whether a new proprietary FeS formulation (‘RBT-3’) can acutely activate the hepcidin (HAMP1) gene in humans, raising plasma and renal hepcidin concentrations; assess whether the kidney participates in this posited RBT-3–hepcidin generation response; test whether RBT-3 can mitigate a clinically relevant AKI model (experimental cisplatin toxicity) and explore whether mechanisms in addition to hepcidin generation are operative in RBT-3’s cytoprotective effects.

Methods
Healthy human volunteers (n = 9) and subjects with Stages 3–4 CKD (n = 9) received 120, 240 or 360 mg of RBT-3 (intravenously over 2 h). Plasma and urine samples were collected and assayed for hepcidin levels (0–72 h post-RBT-3 injection). In complementary mouse experiments, RBT-3 effects on hepatic versus renal hepcidin (HAMP1) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were compared. RBT-3’s impact on the mouse Nrf2 pathway and on experimental cisplatin nephrotoxicity was assessed. Direct effects of exogenous hepcidin on in vivo and in vitro (HK-2 cells) cisplatin toxicity were also tested.

Results
RBT-3 induced rapid, dose-dependent and comparable plasma hepcidin increases in both healthy volunteers and chronic kidney disease subjects (∼15 times baseline within 24 h). Human kidney hepcidin exposure was confirmed by 4-fold urinary hepcidin increases. RBT-3 up-regulated mouse hepcidin mRNA, but much more so in kidney (&gt;25 times) versus liver (∼2 times). RBT-3 also activated kidney Nrf2 [increased Nrf2 nuclear binding; increased Nrf2-responsive gene mRNAs: heme oxygenase-1, sulfiredoxin-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1]. RBT-3 preconditioning (18 h time lapse) markedly attenuated experimental cisplatin nephrotoxicity (∼50% blood urea nitrogen/creatinine decrements), in part by reducing renal cisplatin uptake by 40%. Exogenous hepcidin (without RBT-3) treatment conferred protection against mild in vivo (but not in vitro) cisplatin toxicity.

Conclusions
RBT-3 acutely and dramatically up-regulates cytoprotective hepcidin production, increasing renal hepcidin levels. However, additional cytoprotective mechanisms are activated by RBT-3 (e.g. Nrf2 activation; reduced cisplatin uptake). Thus RBT-3-induced preconditioning likely confers renal resistance to cisplatin via an interplay of multiple cytoprotective activities.
Notions of Neighborhood
Authors: Calvillo Jonathan E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines how Catholic and evangelical affiliations influence diverging understandings of coethnic barrios. Relationships to ethnic enclaves matter, the author argues, because ethnic enclaves host a concentration of ethnic resources that distinctly shape ethnic identities. Catholics understand the barrio as a “community,” denoting both physical neighborhood and tight-knit support networks. The barrio functions as a space for communally performed rituals of collective memory for Catholics. On the other hand, evangelicals tend to view the barrio as a place that is in need of redemption. For evangelicals, the barrio is a target of evangelistic efforts and they conceive of their place in the barrio as a catalytic role, centered on bringing about transformation therein. Both Catholics and evangelicals are highly invested in the ethnic enclave, but their differing views provide them with different channels of access to localized ethnic resources.
Correction of neonatal auricular deformities with DuoDERM: A simple technique
Authors: Manji Inayah , Durlacher Kim , Verchere Cynthia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ear moulding in neonates has been shown to successfully correct congenital auricular anomalies. There are several available moulding techniques. However, commercially available moulding devices (e.g., EarWell and Ear Buddy) can be costly, and their alternatives have limited customizability. We present a technique using cost-effective and customizable materials for moulding common anomalies (Stahl’s ear, constricted ear, and prominent ear). DuoDERM Extra-thin, Steri-strips, and 3M Kind Removal Silicone tape are used to splint the ear in a preferred position. The DuoDERM is rolled into a putty, placed in the ear, and secured with tapes. This treatment is initiated in the clinic, with weekly splint changes carried out at home by caregivers, and intermittent follow-up appointments. DuoDERM moulding is a safe, inexpensive, highly customizable, and simple way to correct auricular deformities. Primary physicians/paediatricians should embed moulding into their practice, starting treatment as early as possible in the neonatal period.
The Value Premium
Authors: Fama Eugene F , French Kenneth R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Value premiums, which we define as value portfolio returns in excess of market portfolio returns, are on average much lower in the second half of the July 1963–June 2019 period. But the high volatility of monthly premiums prevents us from rejecting the hypothesis that expected premiums are the same in both halves of the sample. Regressions that forecast value premiums with book-to-market ratios in excess of market (BM–BMM) produce more reliable evidence of second-half declines in expected value premiums, but only if we assume the regression coefficients are constant during the sample period.
Received: January 21, 2020; editorial decision: July 21, 2020; Editor: Jeffrey Pontiff.