bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks of adverse events for users of proton‐pump inhibitors plus aspirin or clopidogrel in patients with aspirin‐related ulcer bleeding
Authors: Yang Shih‐Cheng , Wu Cheng‐Kun , Tai Wei‐Chen , Liang Chih‐Ming , Yao Chih‐Chien , Wu Keng‐Liang , Hsu Chien‐Ning , Chuah Seng‐Kee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimClopidogrel is widely prescribed for patients with of aspirin‐related upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) history. This study aimed to compare the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), UGIB, and mortality between aspirin and clopidogrel in patients at risk of bleeding.MethodsWe analyzed adult patients at high risk of UGIB following aspirin‐related bleeding for secondary MACE prevention between 2000 and 2012. Secondary prevention was for those patients who had ever been hospitalized for cardiovascular disease and reused aspirin or changed to clopidogrel after discharge. Study endpoints were recurrence of MACE, UGIB, and death in 90 days of follow‐up. The associations between study outcomes and the use of clopidogrel (vs aspirin) were analyzed.ResultsAmong 947 eligible patients, 653 reused aspirin (in combination with a proton‐pump inhibitor), and 294 were treated with clopidogrel (in combination with a proton‐pump inhibitor) after discharge for UGIB. Compared with aspirin treatment, clopidogrel showed an increased risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–3.12) and UGIB (aHR 1.25; 95% CI 0.66–2.36), but without statistical significance in 90 days' follow‐up. Clopidogrel use was associated with greater than four times the risk of any cause of mortality (aHR 4.84; 95% CI 1.59–14.75), but the significance did not hold in propensity score‐matched cohort analysis (P = 0.06).ConclusionsA nonsignificant difference between clopidogrel and aspirin for short‐term MACE prevention as well as UGIB recurrence was found in the present study. Further research to assess 90‐day mortality would assist clinical decision making.
Ethical Considerations for Short‐Term Global Health Projects
Authors: Penney Debra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVarious types of health professional volunteers from high‐income nations are increasingly engaged in short‐term global health projects in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The goal of global health projects is to improve health for all people and address health inequities. Short‐term projects lasting days to months can create challenges for volunteers and hosts. Despite attempting to do good, volunteer efforts may unwittingly cause harm to host organizations by planning projects without consideration for the local infrastructure, the community, and the health care staff. Although well‐intentioned and often beneficial, volunteer efforts can fail to provide adequate follow‐up or may disrupt or override local health efforts. In some low‐resource settings, dire health needs and lack of supervision may result in volunteers practicing beyond their professional scope. Recently published guidelines, competencies, and position statements have addressed ethical behaviors for short‐term global health experiences. Partnerships that are founded on principles of justice and autonomy provide an avenue for mutual collaboration. Short‐term global health projects that focus on host needs are likely to strengthen local capacity to improve health outcomes. This article reviews guidelines for short‐term global health experiences and addresses the ethical principles for planning effective projects.
The Ethical Justification for Conscience Clauses in Nurse‐Midwifery Practice: Context, Power, and a Changing Landscape
Authors: Eagen‐Torkko Meghan , Levi Amy J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the last century, conscientious objection has moved from objection to conscripted military service to include health care providers who have moral concerns about participation in specific aspects of health care. Although guidance for the use of conscientious objection has developed in both nursing and midwifery, changes in the political landscape may be creating a source of conflict between providers and the use of conscientious objection. Particularly in aspects of sexual and reproductive care like abortion, contraception, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer health care, the ethical requirement for prompt referral is becoming increasingly difficult to meet in many contexts. Changes to federal regulations protecting conscience clauses have tilted strongly in favor of the rights of providers in recent years; this challenges the delicate balance of patient and provider rights that has developed over the years. These may now represent an unavoidable conflict between different aspects of the ethical obligations of providers, in particular the obligation to seek justice, and bring into question whether the current status of conscientious objection is sustainable. In this article, we examine these conflicts in the context of the current political climate.
Blue Light Protection, Part I—Effects of blue light on the skin
Authors: Coats Jahnna G. , Maktabi Briana , Abou‐Dahech Mariam S. , Baki Gabriella 
Published: November 2020

Abstract–Part IBackgroundBlue light is emitted visible light between the wavelengths of 400 to 500 nm. The main source of blue light is sunlight, but digital screens, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and fluorescent lighting serve as additional sources. Concerns about the negative effects of blue light on the skin have rapidly increased over the past 15 years, and consequently, the urge to learn more about this topic is increasing as well.AimsPart I of this article provides up‐to‐date information on the definition of blue light and the negative and positive effects of blue light on the skin.MethodsAn Internet search was completed using the Google scholar database for relevant literature.ResultsBlue light can be both harmful and beneficial to the skin, depending on intensity and wavelength. Short‐term safety information is more readily available from clinical studies; however, the biological effects of repeated and/or longer‐term exposure are not fully understood yet.ConclusionsLow‐energy and low exposure times to high‐energy blue light can help prevent skin diseases, while studies have revealed that longer exposure to high‐energy blue light can increase the amount of DNA damage, cell and tissue death, and injury, eye damage, skin barrier damage, and photoaging.
Voice for oneself: Self‐interested voice and its antecedents and consequences
Authors: Duan Jinyun , Xu Yue , Wang Xiaotian , Wu Chia‐Huei , Wang Ying 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to introduce a concept of self‐interested voice, or voluntarily expressed ideas, solutions, or concerns related to workplace issues that affect the voicer’s personal interests. Three studies were conducted. In the scale development study, we developed and validated a new measure of self‐interested voice with a sample of 36 researchers for content validity and a sample of 362 employees for factorial and discriminant validity. In Study 1, we examined the antecedents and motivational pathways of self‐interested voice. We proposed that perceived organizational politics (POP) can promote self‐serving cognition, especially among those high in Machiavellian personality, and thus lead to self‐interested voice. Our hypotheses were supported by results from time‐lagged survey data from 262 employees and 117 supervisors in China. In Study 2, we extended the model by including the outcomes of self‐interested voice. Using another Chinese sample (282 employees matched with 105 direct supervisors), we replicated the findings of Study 1 and additionally found that self‐interested voice was negatively related to supervisors’ liking and suggested salary increases of the employees but not task performance and promotability. The implications for employee voice research are discussed.Practitioner points

Employees can send their voice concerning ideas, solutions, or concerns related to workplace issues that affect their personal interests.

Perceived organizational politics (POP) is an important trigger of employee self‐interested voice, especially among those high in Machiavellian personality. It is vital for managers to monitor the politicking climate in the workplace to reduce employees’ self‐interested voice at work.

While employees are likely to engage in self‐interested voice to protect their interests when perceiving organizational politics, such behaviour will lead to negative reactions from supervisors, such as lower supervisor liking and more hesitation in suggesting salary increases.
HMGB1 contributes to osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint by inducing synovial angiogenesis
Authors: Feng Yaping , Hu Shiyu , Liu Li , Ke Jin , Long Xing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐ mobility group 1 protein (HMGB1) is related with inflammation. Our former research reported that substantial HMGB1 situates at the synovium of osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint (TMJOA) patients.ObjectiveThis study investigated whether HMGB1 promotes synovial angiogenesis of TMJOA and its underlying mechanism.MethodsHuman synovial fibroblasts were stimulated with HMGB1; the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) in these cells was explored by Western blotting, real‐time PCR and immunofluorescent staining. The angiogenic capacity of these cells was assayed by tube formation and cell migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The specific inhibitor against HMGB1, VEGF, Erk or JNK was added in these cells, respectively. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced TMJOA rats were produced. The changes in their synovium and synovial fluid were detected by immunofluorescent staining and ELISA.ResultsHMGB1 effectively up‐regulated the production of VEGF and HIF‐1α in TMJOA synovial fibroblasts through the activation of Erk and JNK. Conditioned medium from HMGB1‐treated TMJOA synovial fibroblasts significantly promoted tube formation and migration in HUVECs, while attenuated those after the addition of certain inhibitor for VEGF. Furthermore, the specific inhibitor against HMGB1 vanished the neovascularisation and production of HIF‐1α, VEGF and CD34 in the synovium of rat TMJOA induced by CFA injection. Additionally, this inhibitor led to the reduction of IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the synovial fluid of those rats.ConclusionThese findings disclose a key role for HMGB1 in governing synovial angiogenesis and as a therapeutic target against TMJOA.
Bridging the Gap between the Lab and the Classroom: An Online Citizen Scientific Research Project with Teachers Aiming at Improving Inhibitory Control of School‐Age Children
Authors: Letang Marie , Citron Pascaline , Garbarg‐Chenon Julien , Houdé Olivier , Borst Grégoire 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTOnline citizen science allows us to bridge the gap between researchers and nonresearchers and to improve the scientific literacy of nonresearchers. The aims of the present study were (a) to determine whether a 5‐week randomized control trial conducted by teachers in their classroom could improve 7‐ to 12‐year‐old children's inhibitory control (IC) and (b) to provide proof of concept that online scientific research projects can provide meaningful results in the context of education. As expected, children in the IC training group improved their IC efficiency to a greater extent than children in the control training group. We provide the first evidence that such online scientific research projects can be effective in improving children's IC abilities and bridge the gap between the lab and the classroom.
Genetic evidence for seasonal consumption of monkfish (Lophius spp.) and salmonids (Salmo spp.) by gray seals
Authors: Schiønning Mette K. , Gosch Martha , Dillane Eileen , Cronin Michelle , Jessopp Mark J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecoveries of gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) populations across their eastern Atlantic distribution have led to a steady increase in seal‐fishery interactions. Fishers have estimated depredation of salmonids (Salmo spp.) and monkfish (Lophius spp.) as high as 40% and 59% respectively in Ireland. However, empirical evidence for the consumption of these species has been extremely limited due to diagnostic hard part remains not being found in scats or stomach samples. We applied species‐specific primers and tested for the presence of monkfish and salmonids in gray seal diet genetically using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on scats. Monkfish occurred in 29.7% of sampled scats, while salmonids occurred in 12.7%. Seasonal and regional variability in occurrence were noted for both species, likely related to the migratory behavior of the prey species and proximity of seal haul‐outs to aquaculture sites. Traditional hard part analysis of scats, including scats that tested positive for monkfish and salmonid DNA, failed to find any evidence of either species. This study provides important empirical evidence for the consumption of these species in Ireland that can inform management.
The mentorship experience of students and nurses in pre‐registration nursing education: A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Lee Natalie P. M. , Chiang Vico C. L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMentorship is considered to play a paramount role in empowering nursing students to recieve superlative benefit from clinical placement. Although the new standards for student supervision and assessment approved by the Nursing and Midwifery Council in 2018 seemed to lead to the disillusionment of mentorship, they support clinical education and devotion to nursing students' clinical learning globally. The aim of this synthesis was to review and explore the experiences of mentorship of preregistration nursing students and nurses. A systematic search of databases was performed for qualitative studies published in English from 2000 to 2018. Eleven qualitative studies were selected, from which three analytical themes emerged: mentors' capabilities and readiness for preregistration nursing student mentorship, humanistic approach as foundation to the effectiveness of preregistration nursing student mentorship, and the collaboration of stakeholders in health care and educational settings to enhance preregistration nursing student mentorship. A thematic framework of mentorship in preregistration nursing education was introduced. The thematic synthesis sheds light on how to improve a formal system of mentorship and clinical supervision for nursing education.
NF‐Y plays essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis by modulating histone modifications in tomato
Authors: Wang Jiafa , Li Guobin , Li Changxing , Zhang Chunli , Cui Long , Ai Guo , Wang Xin , Zheng Fangyan , Zhang Dedi , Larkin Robert M. , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Junhong 
Published: November 2020

Summary

NF‐Y transcription factors are reported to play diverse roles in a wide range of biological processes in plants. However, only a few active NF‐Y complexes are known in plants and the precise functions of NF‐Y complexes in flavonoid biosynthesis have not been determined.

Using various molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches, we found that NF‐YB8a, NF‐YB8b and NF‐YB8c – a NF‐YB subgroup – can interact with a specific subgroup of NF‐YC and then recruit either of two distinct NF‐YAs to form NF‐Y complexes that bind the CCAAT element in the CHS1 promoter.

Furthermore, suppressing the expression of particular NF‐YB genes increased the levels of H3K27me3 at the CHS1 locus and significantly suppressed the expression of CHS1 during tomato fruit ripening, which led to the development of pink‐coloured fruit with colourless peels.

Altogether, by demonstrating that NF‐Y transcription factors play essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis and by providing significant molecular insight into the regulatory mechanisms that drive the development of pink‐coloured tomato fruit, we provide a major advance to our fundamental knowledge and information that has considerable practical value for horticulture.
How bureaucrats shape political decisions: The role of policy information
Authors: Blom‐Hansen Jens , Baekgaard Martin , Serritzlew Søren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies of bureaucracy have been very concerned about whether the bureaucracy exploits its informational advantage vis‐à‐vis politicians to influence policy decisions. Yet, little theorizing has been undertaken about how such influence takes place. We identify and test three mechanisms that must be at work in order for policy information to function as a vehicle for political influence of bureaucrats. Using data from politicians and bureaucrats in five different political systems and survey experimental methods to deal with endogeneity and social desirability bias, we find evidence supporting all three mechanisms: bureaucrats are generally willing to use policy information to influence political decisions, politicians rely on policy information from bureaucrats when making such decisions, and the way policy information is presented matters for the policy preferences of politicians. We discuss the implications of the results and factors that are important for the mechanisms to apply.
Two‐year study on combining ability and heterotic potential in functional traits under salt stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Awais , Shakeel Amir , Chattha Waqas Shafqat , Tahir Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSalt tolerance is a physiologically and genetically complex trait controlled by multiple genes. To analyze the genetic basis of salt tolerance we evaluated 18 F1 along with their nine parents under three salt stress levels i.e. control, 10 dS m−1 and 15 dS m−1 in the summer of 2017 and 2018. Data were recorded for the number of bolls, seed cotton yield, boll weight, Na+, K+, K+/Na+ ratio, H2O2, SOD, POD, CAT and TSP. Line × tester analysis indicated that the contribution of lines was greater than testers. Except for Na+, most of the traits were controlled by non‐additive genes. With the rise of salt stress, SCA variances increased and were higher than GCA variances for most of the traits indicating the traits were controlled by a few largely dominant genes. KEHKSHAN, FH‐118 and FH‐114 were found good general combiner whereas the cross KEHKSHAN × FH‐114 was a good specific combiner and also indicated significant better parent heterosis for most traits during two years under salt stress and can be utilized in a breeding programme for salt tolerance.
Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hoobehfekr Saba , Moghaddam Hossein Sanjari , Shalbafan Mohammadreza , Hashemi Maryam Ghazizadeh , Pirmoradi Mohammad Mehdi , Sakenian Amirhossein , Poopak Amirhossein , Kashefinejad Shayan , Yarahmadi Masoomeh , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: November 2020

AimTipepidine, a synthetic, non‐opioid expectorant, has been shown to improve depressive‐like behavior in animal models of depression. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and tolerability of tipepidine combination therapy with citalopram in treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 62 patients with MDD were assigned into two parallel groups to receive citalopram (up to 40 mg/day) plus placebo or citalopram plus tipepidine (30 mg twice daily) for 6 weeks. Participants were assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D) at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 6.ResultsFifty‐six patients completed the trial. The tipepidine group showed greater improvement in HAM‐D scores from baseline to all three study time points (P = 0.048 for all). The remission and response‐to‐treatment rates were significantly higher in the tipepidine group (53.6% and 100%) compared to the placebo group (25.0% and 75%) at the study end‐point (P = 0.029 and 0.005, respectively). The remission and response times in patients in the tipepidine group were also shorter compared with the placebo group (log–rank P = 0.020 and 0.004). There was no significant difference between the two groups in baseline parameters or frequency of side‐effects.ConclusionTipepidine combination therapy with citalopram can effectively improve symptoms of patients with MDD in a shorter period of treatment. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up treatment are needed to confirm our findings.
Characterization of wound microbes in epidermolysis bullosa: Results from the epidermolysis bullosa clinical characterization and outcomes database
Authors: Levin Laura E. , Shayegan Leila H. , Lucky Anne W. , Hook Kristen P. , Bruckner Anna L. , Feinstein James A. , Whittier Susan , Lauren Christine T. , Pope Elena , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Wiss Karen , McCuaig Catherine C. , Powell Julie , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Levy Moise L. , Diaz Lucia , Glick Sharon A. , Paller Amy S. , Price Harper N. , Browning John C. , Morel Kimberly D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPatients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) require care of wounds that are colonized or infected with bacteria. A subset of EB patients are at risk for squamous cell carcinoma, and bacterial‐host interactions have been considered in this risk. The EB Clinical Characterization and Outcomes Database serves as a repository of information from EB patients at multiple centers in the United States and Canada. Access to this resource enabled broad‐scale analysis of wound cultures.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 739 wound cultures from 158 patients from 13 centers between 2001 and 2018.ResultsOf 152 patients with a positive culture, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) was recovered from 131 patients (86%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) from 56 (37%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) from 34 (22%). Sixty‐eight percent of patients had cultures positive for methicillin‐sensitive SA, and 47%, methicillin‐resistant SA (18 patients had cultures that grew both methicillin‐susceptible and methicillin‐resistant SA at different points in time). Of 15 patients with SA‐positive cultures with recorded mupirocin susceptibility testing, 11 had mupirocin‐susceptible SA and 6 patients mupirocin‐resistant SA (2 patients grew both mupirocin‐susceptible and mupirocin‐resistant SA). SCC was reported in 23 patients in the entire database, of whom 10 had documented wound cultures positive for SA, PA, and Proteus species in 90%, 50%, and 20% of cases, respectively.ConclusionsSA and PA were the most commonly isolated bacteria from wounds. Methicillin resistance and mupirocin resistance were reported in 47% and 40% of patients tested, respectively, highlighting the importance of ongoing antimicrobial strategies to limit antibiotic resistance.
US Prescription trends of antihistamines for atopic dermatitis, 2011‐2016
Authors: Garg Swati , Zhao Jeffrey , Tegtmeyer Kyle , Shah Parth , Lio Peter A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntihistamine use for primary treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is not recommended, but current guidelines state that sedating antihistamines are favored over non‐sedating antihistamines for relief of burdensome pruritus. We analyzed the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data to compare use of antihistamines between dermatologists and non‐dermatologists. Overall, dermatologists are more likely to prescribe sedating than non‐sedating antihistamines when compared to non‐dermatologists (P < .001, δabs = 0.45). Patients under 21 years old (P = .03, δabs = 0.10) and Black patients (P < .001, δabs = 0.19) were also more likely to receive sedating antihistamines than non‐sedating antihistamines. These findings highlight the differential prescribing practices for atopic dermatitis among physicians.