bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are domesticated freshwater fish an underappreciated culprit of ecosystem change?
Authors: Cucherousset Julien , Olden Julian D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn addition to accidental aquaculture escapees, an increasing number of freshwater fish expressing different domestication levels are voluntarily released into the wild primarily as stocking supplement for fisheries and for conservation programmes. Because domestication modifies individual traits and because subtle changes in intraspecific variability can impact ecological dynamics, we argue that these purposeful introductions of domesticated fish may impact the functioning of recipient ecosystems. We posit that purposely introduced domesticated fish could be considered as native invaders and be investigated and managed using frameworks developed for biological invasions. Studies identifying the relative importance of the different ecological mechanisms leading to these ecosystems impacts and quantifying how the intensity of introduction and the level of domestication modulate their ecosystem impacts are needed. This will lead to a better appreciation of how the benefits from releasing domesticated fish are offset by the ecological costs on freshwater ecosystem functioning caused by human‐induced local modification of intraspecific diversity patterns.
Historical anecdotes of fishing pressure: Misconstrued “sea serpent” sightings provide evidence for antecedent entanglement of marine biota in the British Isles
Authors: France Robert L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMarine scholars have come to realize the importance of including historical perspectives as part of comprehensive assessments made of the social–ecological systems involved in sustainable fisheries management. In particular, there is increasing recognition of the value in examining information contained within historical anecdotes as a prelude to implementing current conservation actions as well as setting future restoration objectives. The present study demonstrates that careful parsing of eyewitness accounts of unidentified marine objects which at the time were purported to be sea serpents—of the “many‐humped” or “string‐of‐buoys” typology—actually reveals that marine fauna in the British Isles have been victims of entanglement in fishing gear for a much longer period than is customarily assumed. The temporal baseline for the onset of entanglement in this region certainly predates, by more than a century, the advent and widespread use of plastic in fisheries and other maritime operations.
The pseudoGTPase group of pseudoenzymes
Authors: Stiegler Amy L. , Boggon Titus J. 
Published: September 2020

Pseudoenzymes are emerging as significant mediators and regulators of signal transduction. These proteins maintain enzyme folds and topologies, but are disrupted in the conserved motifs required for enzymatic activity. Among the pseudoenzymes, the pseudoGTPase group of atypical GTPases has recently expanded and includes the Rnd and RGK groups, RhoH and the RhoBTB proteins, mitochondrial RhoGTPase and centaurin‐γ groups, CENP‐M, dynein LIC, Entamoeba histolytica RabX3, leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2, and the p190RhoGAP proteins. The wide range of cellular functions associated with pseudoGTPases includes cell migration and adhesion, membrane trafficking and cargo transport, mitosis, mitochondrial activity, transcriptional control, and autophagy, placing the group in an expanding portfolio of signaling pathways. In this review, we examine how the pseudoGTPases differ from canonical GTPases and consider their mechanistic and functional roles in signal transduction. We review the amino acid differences between the pseudoGTPases and discuss how these proteins can be classified based on their ability to bind nucleotide and their enzymatic activity. We discuss the molecular and structural consequences of amino acid divergence from canonical GTPases and use comparison with the well‐studied pseudokinases to illustrate the classifications. PseudoGTPases are fast becoming recognized as important mechanistic components in a range of cellular roles, and we provide a concise discussion of the currently identified members of this group.Enzymessmall GTPases; EC number: EC 3.6.5.2
Metastasis to the thyroid gland: a single‐institution 16‐year experience
Authors: Ghossein Charles A , Khimraj Anjanie , Dogan Snjezana , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2020

AimsMetastasis to the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence that may pose a diagnostic challenge. In this study, we aimed to report the clinicopathological features, immunoprofile, molecular alterations and outcome of 30 patients treated at our centre from 2003 to 2019.Methods and resultsThe most common site of the primary tumour was the kidney, followed by the lung, lower gastrointestinal tract and breast. In seven (23%) patients, the thyroid metastases were resected prior to the diagnosis of the primary tumours. Six patients (20%) had thyroid as the sole metastatic site. Three (10%) patients harboured tumour‐to‐tumour metastasis; 71% had a unilateral unifocal thyroid mass, which might be mistaken for a primary thyroid tumour. Among the 13 cases that were initially diagnosed at an outside hospital, four (31%) were misinterpreted as a thyroid primary. An immunohistochemical panel of thyroid follicular cell markers was most useful to differentiate primary thyroid tumours from metastasis. Molecularly, the metastasis showed alterations characteristic of the primary tumour, which may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis and primary site. Although the prognosis was poor, with a 5‐year disease specific survival of 58%, a long‐term cure was possible in cases with oligometastasis successfully treated with surgery.ConclusionsMetastasis to the thyroid gland is an uncommon phenomenon, with an incidence of 0.36% in all thyroid malignancies. It may present as a solitary thyroid mass before the discovery of the primary tumour, posing a diagnostic challenge. Although the overall prognosis is poor, a subset of patients with oligometastasis can be managed surgically.
Penetration of different molecular weight hydrolysed keratins into hair fibres and their effects on the physical properties of textured hair
Authors: Malinauskyte E. , Shrestha R. , Cornwell P. A. , Gourion‐Arsiquaud S. , Hindley M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different molecular weight (MW), wool derived hydrolysed keratins (i.e. peptides) on the physical properties of relaxed textured hair.MethodsVery curly hair of African origin was relaxed using sodium hydroxide‐based treatment. Relaxed hair was treated with different MW peptides derived from keratin protein and an amino acid, L‐Leucine. The low‐MW keratin peptides were 221 Da, the mid‐MW keratin peptides were approximately 2577 Da, and the high‐MW keratin peptides were approximately 75 440 Da. The penetration of these different peptides into relaxed hair was evaluated using a laser scanning micrometre and by fluorescence microscopy. The effect of these compounds on single‐fibre mechanical properties and thermal properties was evaluated using tensile and DSC testing, respectively.ResultsLow‐ and mid‐MW compounds were able to penetrate deep into the hair cortex. High‐MW peptide adsorbed onto the hair surface and possibly slightly penetrated into the outer layers of the fibre surface. Both mid‐ and high‐MW keratin peptides, increased Young’s modulus and reduced hair breakage at 20% and 80% relative humidity. With the exception of mid‐MW peptide, other peptides and amino acid were not able to modify thermal properties of relaxed textured hair.ConclusionsOur data suggest that low‐MW compounds may increase hair volume, and high‐MW peptides may repair damage on freshly relaxed textured hair.
Clinical endodontic management during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a literature review and clinical recommendations
Authors: Azim A. A. , Shabbir J. , Khurshid Z. , Zafar M. S. , Ghabbani H. M. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in millions of confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Despite all efforts to contain the spread of the disease, the number of infections and deaths continue to rise, particularly in some regions. Given its presence in the salivary secretions of affected patients, and the presence of many reported asymptomatic cases that have tested positive for COVID‐19, dental professionals, including Endodontists, are at high risk of becoming infected if they do not take appropriate precautions. As of today, there are no predictable treatments or approved vaccines that can protect the public and healthcare professionals from the virus; however, there is speculation that a vaccine might be available sometime in 2021. Until then, general dentists and Endodontist will need to be able to treat emergency patients in order to relieve pressure on emergency clinics in hospitals or local community hubs. In addition, as the pandemic continues, strategies to manage patients will need to evolve from a palliative to a more permanent/definitive treatment approach. In this article, an update on the treatment considerations for dental care in general is provided, as well as a discussion on the available endodontic guidelines reported in the literature. Recommendations on clinical management of endodontic emergencies are proposed.
Impact of HLA compatibility in recipients of kidneys from expanded criteria donors: A Collaborative Transplant Study Report
Authors: Echterdiek Fabian , Latus Joerg , Döhler Bernd , Schwenger Vedat , Süsal Caner 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to a widespread organ shortage, the use of expanded criteria donors (ECDs) in kidney transplantation has increased persistently, reaching approximately 40% in recent years. Whether human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching between donor and recipient should be part of allocation algorithms in transplantation of ECD kidneys, and especially of ECD kidneys from ≥70‐year‐old donors, is still in question. To this end, 135,529 kidney transplantations performed between 2000 and 2017 and reported to the Collaborative Transplant Study were analysed and the impact of HLA‐A+B+DR mismatches on death‐censored graft and patient survival as well as on rejection episodes was investigated. Results were stratified according to donor status (standard criteria donor (SCD) versus ECD) and age of ECD. HLA incompatibility increased the five‐year death‐censored graft failure risk similarly strong in recipients of ECD and SCD transplants (hazard ratio (HR) per HLA mismatch 1.078 and 1.075, respectively; p < .001 for both). Its impact on rejection treatments during the first post‐transplant year was also significant but slightly weaker for recipients of ECD transplants (risk ratio (RR) per HLA mismatch 1.10 for ECD transplants and 1.13 for SCD transplants; p < .001 for both). Mortality increased gradually from zero to six HLA mismatches in recipients of SCD transplants, whereas for ECD transplants a significant increase was notable only from zero to more than zero mismatches. A significant but slightly less pronounced impact of HLA incompatibility on graft failure was observed in transplants from ≥70‐ compared with <70‐year‐old ECDs (HR per mismatch 1.047 and 1.093; p = .009 and < 0.001, respectively). The influence of HLA mismatches on rejection treatments was the same for both ECD age groups (RR = 1.10, p < .001 and p = .004, respectively). Our data indicate that HLA matching should be part of allocation algorithms not only in transplantation of kidneys from SCDs but also from ECDs.
The effect of extraction of lower primary canines on the morphology of dental arch: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Espinosa Daybelis González , Cruz Crislyne Mendes da Vera , Normando David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe beneficial effect of the extraction of primary canines in the resolution of incisor irregularity and its side effects are controversial.AimTo systematically review the effects of the extraction of primary canines in incisor irregularity and dental arch morphology.DesignControlled non‐randomized (non‐RCT) and randomized clinical trials (RCT) evaluating children treated with extraction of primary canines compared with those without intervention.ResultsA total of 984 articles were found, of which two RCTs and one non‐RCT met the inclusion criteria. Both had a low RoB. A high level of evidence was observed through GRADE. A meta‐analysis showed the extraction of primary canines produced a significant decrease in incisor irregularity (95% CI: −3.56, −2.09 mm). This decrease, however, was associated with a reduction of arch length (95% CI: −1.58, −0.94 mm), intermolar width (95% CI: −0.61, −0.22 mm), and overjet (95% CI: −075, −018). A mild overbite increase was found (95% CI: 0.10, 0.76 mm).ConclusionA high level of evidence showed that the extraction of primary canines improved incisor irregularity in the mixed dentition. Side effects included reduced arch length and intermolar width. A slight reduction in overjet and a mild increase in overbite were also observed. When they are not part of the treatment goal, these occlusal changes can be prevented by installing a lingual arch.
Hydrothermal microwave‐assisted synthesis of LaFeO3 catalyst for N2O decomposition
Authors: Kostyukhin Egor M. , Kustov Alexander L. , Evdokimenko Nikolay V. , Bazlov Andrey I. , Kustov Leonid M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLanthanum orthoferrite powders were synthesized via one‐step hydrothermal reactions under mild conditions using microwave and conventional heating. The use of microwave irradiation during the synthesis allows one to obtain nanocrystalline LaFeO3 with a higher yield and reduced crystallite and particle size within a 16 times shorter duration (3 hours) at a lower temperature of 220°C as compared to the conventional heating. The catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide was performed over both samples, it was shown that the sample obtained under microwave conditions demonstrates enhanced activity as a catalyst: N2O decomposes completely at 700°C over the catalyst formed at microwave conditions, while the comparative catalyst prepared by conventional heating reaches a lower conversion of only 60% at the same temperature and catalytic reaction conditions.
Missed nursing education: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Cracina Arianna , Marini Eva , Caruzzo Davide , Fabris Stefano , Mansutti Irene , Mattiussi Elisa , Morandini Marzia , Moreale Renzo , Venturini Margherita , Achil Illarj , Danielis Matteo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo understand what nursing education activities are missed in the daily life of nursing programmes, by also identifying antecedents and consequences of missed educational activities.DesignA descriptive qualitative study according to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research guidelines.MethodsA purposeful sample of 32 participants with different roles (nurse educators, clinical nurses, students, and administrative personnel) and working in different settings (university, administrative, healthcare service levels) were involved in three focus groups and nine face‐to‐face interviews from 2019–2020. Both focus groups and face‐to‐face interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data that emerged were thematically categorized by induction.FindingsMissed Nursing Education reflects those educational activities needed in the process of nursing education that are missed or delayed. Direct educational activities missed include clinical rotations, classroom teaching and students’ overall learning experience. Indirect missed educational activities concern continuing professional development of nursing faculty members, nursing discipline development and the organizational processes of the nursing programme. As antecedents, missed nursing education is triggered by factors at the organizational, nursing faculty, and student levels. Consequences have been reported for students, nursing faculty, clinical nurses, and patients.ConclusionsMissed Nursing Education can be considered a multifaceted, multicausal phenomenon, with multitargeted consequences.ImpactTo date, missed nursing care has only been investigated in clinical practice. However, care also permeates the relationship between nurse educators and students. Thus, at the point of ‘educational care’ delivery, aspects can also be omitted. Educational activities at risk of being missed or delayed affect the quality of nursing education and, in the short‐ and in the long‐ terms, also the quality of patient care. Some Missed Nursing Education antecedents can be modified by appropriate strategies that should be addressed by policy, health care and academic institutions.
Current concepts in the management of diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Ziegler Dan , Papanas Nikolaos , Schnell Oliver , Nguyen Bich Dao Thi , Nguyen Khue Thy , Kulkantrakorn Kongkiat , Deerochanawong Chaicharn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is encountered in approximately one‐third of people with diabetes. This, in turn, might markedly impoverish their quality of life, mainly owing to neuropathic pain and foot ulcerations. Painful DSPN might be as frequent as 25% in diabetes patients. Symptoms as a result of DSPN typically comprise pain, paresthesia and numbness in the distal lower limbs. Asymptomatic DSPN might reach 50% among patients with this condition. Unfortunately, DSPN is still not adequately diagnosed and treated. Its management has three priorities: (i) lifestyle improvement, near‐normoglycemia and multifactorial cardiovascular risk intervention; (ii) pathogenesis‐oriented pharmacotherapy; and (iii) symptomatic alleviation of pain. Intensive diabetes therapy showed evidence for favorable effects on the incidence and deterioration of DSPN in type 1 diabetes, but not type 2 diabetes. Among pathogenesis‐oriented treatments, α‐lipoic acid, actovegin, benfotiamine and epalrestat are currently authorized to treat DSPN in several countries. Symptomatic therapy uses analgesics, notably antidepressants, opioids and anticonvulsants, reducing pain by ≥50% in approximately 50% of individuals, but might be limited, particularly by central nervous system‐related adverse events. Local treatment with the capsaicin 8% patch might offer an alternative. In addition to pain relief, therapy should improve sleep, mobility and quality of life. In conclusion, multimodal treatment of DSPN should consider the individual risk profile, pathogenetic treatment and pain management using pharmacotherapy (combinations, if required), as well as non‐pharmacological options.
Managing restorative space, color matching, and tooth replacement with a novel implant through interdisciplinary treatment: A case report of partial anodontia and malformed teeth in the esthetic zone
Authors: Chu Stephen J. , Sarnachiaro Guido O. , Mieleszko Adam J. , Nicolay Olivier F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA case report of tooth agenesis and excessive intraarch space due to tooth size discrepancies and malformed teeth is presented. Interdisciplinary treatment including orthodontics, implant surgery, prosthodontics, and laboratory fabrication with dissimilar restoration and material types was used to accomplish an esthetic and functional outcome. Proper diagnosis of individual tooth width and proportion were key elements in treatment.Clinical SignificanceKnowledge and understanding of the relationships of the mandibular to maxillary anterior teeth and shade management of dissimilar restoration types will allow the interdisciplinary team to achieve the desired esthetic restorative result.
Stable isotopes reveal contrasting trophic dynamics between host–parasite relationships: A case study of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and parasitic lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Argulus foliaceus)
Authors: Taccardi Emma Y. , Bricknell Ian R. , Byron Carrie J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcross existing fish host–parasite literature, endoparasites were depleted in δ15N compared to their hosts, while ectoparasitic values demonstrated enrichment, depletion and equivalence relative to their hosts. δ13C enrichment varied extensively for both endo‐ and ectoparasites across taxa and host tissues. In our case study, sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) were enriched in δ15N relative to their farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hosts, although the value contradicted the average that is currently assumed across the animal kingdom. Common fish lice (Argulus foliaceus) did not show a consistent trend in δ15N compared to their wild S. salar hosts. Both parasitic species had a range of δ13C enrichment patterns relative to their hosts. Farmed and wild S. salar had contrasting δ13C and δ15N, and signals varied across muscle, fin and skin within both groups. L. salmonis and A. foliaceus subsequently had unique δ13C and δ15N, and L. salmonis from opposite US coasts differed in δ15N. Given the range of enrichment patterns that were exhibited across the literature and in our study system, trophic dynamics from host to parasite do not conform to traditional prey to predator standards. Furthermore, there does not appear to be a universal enrichment pathway for δ13C nor δ15N in parasitic relationships, which emphasizes the need to investigate host–parasite linkages across species.
Molecular characterization of Malapterurus minjiriyaSagua, 1987 and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Malapterurus (Silurifomes, Malapteruridae) from Nigerian inland water bodies
Authors: Oladipo Segun O. , Nneji Lotanna M. , Anifowoshe Abass T. , Nneji Ifeanyi C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMolecular (mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1– COI) analysis was performed to characterize the poorly known Malapterurus minjiriya from Nigerian inland water bodies. Integrative taxonomy, involving morphological and molecular data, confirms the identity of M. minjiriya. Matrilineal genealogy reveals a sister relationship of M. minjiriya with Malapterurus electricus and Malapterurus microstoma. The genetic analysis further shows evidence of population divergence within M. electricus and Malapterurus beninensis. The findings of the study highlight the importance of the integration of DNA barcoding in biodiversity documentation of freshwater fish species in Nigeria.
Exogenous nail and skin pigmentation associated with the artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)
Authors: Savaş Erdoğan Sevil , Cebeci Kahraman Filiz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNail dyschromia occurs for various reasons and presents with different clinical appearances. Exogenous causes, such as occupational agents, trauma, and infection can cause discoloration in the nail.AimsReports of pigmentation on skin and nails caused by contact with plants are very rare. Here, we report the development of artichoke‐related brown discoloration in the nails and fingers of a patient seasonally employed in cleaning and peeling artichokes and briefly discuss its possible mechanism.PatientsThe clinical features and cause of brown pigmentation on the all nails in a man are presented.ResultsIn our patient, seasonally recurrent brown nail and skin pigmentation occurred secondary to exogenous contact with the artichoke. We consider that when our patient cut or peeled the head and leaves of the artichoke, the pigments formed by the enzymatic browning mechanism caused discoloration in his skin and skin appendages upon contact.ConclusionsWith this paper, we have contributed a new cause of exogenous nail pigmentation to the literature.