bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new registration algorithm of electronic portal imaging devices images based on the automatic detection of bone edges during radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wu Chaoyan , Zhong Yahua , Xie Conghua , Zhou Yunfeng , Liu Hui , Zhang Jun , Sheng Jiuling , Jiang Dazheng , Zhao Hongli , Yu Haijun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe precision and efficiency of the registration of megavolt-level electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) images with the naked eye in the orthogonal window are reduced. This study aims to develop a new registration algorithm with enhanced accuracy and efficiency. Ten setup errors with different translation and rotation were simulated with the phantom. For each error, one set of simulated computer tomography images and EPID images were acquired and registered with the traditional and the new method. The traditional method was performed by two senior physicists with the Varian Offline Review software. The new method is basing on the comparison of the precise contours of the same bone structure in the digital reconstruction radiography images and the EPID images, and the contours were fitted with an automatic edge detection algorithm based on gradient images. The average error of the new method was decreased by 44.44%, 28.33%, 49.09% in the translation of X, Y, and Z axes (The traditional vs. the new: X axes, 0.45 mm vs. 0.25 mm; Y axes, 0.75 mm vs. 0.35 mm; Z axes, 0.55 mm vs. 0.28 mm), 42.86% and 40.48% in the rotation of X and Z axes (The traditional vs. the new: X axes, 0.49° vs. 0.28°; Z axes, 0.42° vs. 0.25°), respectively. The average elapsed time in the new method was reduced by 11.14% (The traditional vs. the new: 44 s vs. 39.1 s). The new registration method has significant advantages of accuracy and efficiency compared with the traditional method.
Silicon addition improves plant productivity and soil nutrient availability without changing the grass:legume ratio response to N fertilization
Authors: Xu Danghui , Gao Tianpeng , Fang Xiangwen , Bu Haiyan , Li Qiuxia , Wang Xiaona , Zhang Renyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSilicon (Si) plays an important role in plant nutrient capture and absorption, and also promotes plant mechanical strength and light interception in alpine meadows. In this study, we conducted a field experiment to examine the effect of nitrogen (N) application, with (N + Si) and without Si (N-only), on the potential for soil nutrient and the growth of grass and legume plant functional types (PFTs) in an alpine meadow. It was found that N + Si resulted in higher soil nutrient contents, leaf N and P concentrations, abundance and biomass of legume and grass PFTs than N-only. The aboveground biomass of grass (598 g m−2) and legume (12.68 g m−2) PFTs under 600 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) per year addition with Si was significantly higher than that under the same level of N addition without Si (515 and 8.68 g m−2, respectively). The grass:legume biomass ratio did not differ significantly between the N + Si and N-only. This demonstrates that Si enhances N fertilization with apparently little effect on grass:legume ratio and increases plant-available nutrients, indicating that Si is essential for the plant community in alpine meadows.
Preoperative incidence and locations of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity following ankle fractures
Authors: Luo Zixuan , Chen Wei , Li Yansen , Wang Xiaomeng , Zhang Weili , Zhu Yanbin , Zhang Fengqi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis retrospective study aimed to investigate the preoperative incidence and locations of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing surgeries for ankle fractures and identify the associated risk factors. From January 2016 to June 2019, 1,532 patients undergoing surgery of ankle fractures were included. Their inpatient medical records were inquired for data collection, including demographics, comorbidities, injury-related data and preoperative laboratory biomarkers. DVT of bilateral lower extremities was diagnosed by routine preoperative Doppler examination. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors. Totally, 98 patients had a preoperative DVT, indicating an incidence rate of 6.4%. A total of 164 clots for 6 veins were found, representing an average of 1.7 for each patient. The detailed DVTs involving veins were as follows: 2 in femoral common vein, 7 in superficial femoral vein, 2 in deep femoral vein, 16 in popliteal vein, 49 in posterior tibial vein, and 88 in peroneal vein. In the multivariate model, 5 risk factors were identified to be associated with DVT, including age (10-year increase), gender, lower ALB level, reduced LYM count and elevated D-dimer level. There was a tendency for diabetes mellitus to increase the risk of DVT, although there was no statistical significance (p = 0.063). These epidemiologic data on DVT may help counsel patients about the risk of DVT, individualized risk assessment and accordingly the risk stratification.
Trans-interlamina percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy for symptomatic cervical spondylotic radiculopathy using the new Delta system
Authors: Haijun Ma , Xiaobing Zhao , Bin Geng , Jinwen He , Dacheng Zhao , Shenghong Wang , Honggang Zhou , Yayi Xia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo describe the rationale and surgical technique and compare the clinical effect of posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (PPECD) using the Delta system versus that of conventional PPECD (key-hole) surgery for the treatment of symptomatic cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). A retrospective analysis was performed on 106 single-segment CSR patients between February 2016 and February 2017, 50 of whom underwent conventional PPECD (key-hole), and 56 underwent PPECD using the Delta system. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were recorded, and the clinical effect was evaluated by the indicators of the Neck Disability Index (NDI), arm-visual analog scale (arm-VAS), neck-VAS, EQ-5D and MacNab classification at the last follow-up. All patients underwent the operation successfully, and 106 patients were followed up. The operative time of the Delta group was 60.47 ± 0.71 min, while the operative time of the key-hole group was 75.46 ± 0.41 min. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of blood loss and hospital stay (P > 0.05). The VAS, NDI and EQ-5D scores of the neck and upper limbs in the two groups were significantly better than those before surgery at 1 week after surgery and at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at the last follow-up (P > 0.05). At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference between the two surgical methods when evaluated using the modified MacNab criteria. The imaging results showed that the herniated disc was removed completely and the nerve root was decompressed. The complication rate in the Delta group (3/56, 5.35%) was significantly lower than that in the conventional key-hole group (5/50, 10.0%). PPECD using the Delta system for CSR may be a feasible and promising alternative surgical plan. Compared with the traditional key-hole method, this surgical system can not only provide the surgeon with a larger surgical field of vision but also reduces the operation time and complication rates.
Low-dimensional representations of Niño 3.4 evolution and the spring persistence barrier
Authors: Tippett Michael K. , L’Heureux Michelle L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of climate variability on interannual time scales, and its temporal evolution can be summarized using the Niño 3.4 index. Here we used EOF analysis to construct low-dimensional representations of the 12-month evolution of Niño 3.4 during different times of the year. The leading EOF explains more than 90% of the variance of the Niño 3.4 evolution from June to May, which means that the differences in evolution from one year to another are essentially differences in amplitude. Two EOFs explained 94% or more of the evolution variance for other 12-month periods of the year. The two-dimensional nature of the Niño 3.4 trajectories is a direct expression of the spring persistence barrier since the first EOF describes wintertime ENSO events, and the second EOF describes independent behavior during the antecedent spring. A periodic second-order autoregressive (AR2) model reproduced the observed properties, but a first-order model did not. Niño 3.4 EOFs in ocean-atmosphere coupled model forecasts matched observed EOFs with varying levels of fidelity depending on model and time of year. Forecast models with more accurate climatological covariance also have lower mean-squared error (MSE). Low-dimensional EOF-based statistical corrections reduced forecast MSE.
Learning endometriosis phenotypes from patient-generated data
Authors: Urteaga Iñigo , McKillop Mollie , Elhadad Noémie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEndometriosis is a systemic and chronic condition in women of childbearing age, yet a highly enigmatic disease with unresolved questions: there are no known biomarkers, nor established clinical stages. We here investigate the use of patient-generated health data and data-driven phenotyping to characterize endometriosis patient subtypes, based on their reported signs and symptoms. We aim at unsupervised learning of endometriosis phenotypes using self-tracking data from personal smartphones. We leverage data from an observational research study of over 4000 women with endometriosis that track their condition over more than 2 years. We extend a classical mixed-membership model to accommodate the idiosyncrasies of the data at hand, i.e., the multimodality and uncertainty of the self-tracked variables. The proposed method, by jointly modeling a wide range of observations (i.e., participant symptoms, quality of life, treatments), identifies clinically relevant endometriosis subtypes. Experiments show that our method is robust to different hyperparameter choices and the biases of self-tracking data (e.g., the wide variations in tracking frequency among participants). With this work, we show the promise of unsupervised learning of endometriosis subtypes from self-tracked data, as learned phenotypes align well with what is already known about the disease, but also suggest new clinically actionable findings. More generally, we argue that a continued research effort on unsupervised phenotyping methods with patient-generated health data via new mobile and digital technologies will have significant impact on the study of enigmatic diseases in particular, and health in general.
Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits TGFBR1/TAK1-mediated vascular inflammation and calcification via miR-135a-5p
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Shijun , Chen Xiaoqing , Ji Jingkang , Yang Wenqing , Gui Ting , Gai Zhibo , Li Yunlun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic inflammation plays a crucial role in vascular calcification. However, only a few studies have revealed the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation under high-phosphate conditions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here, we show that inflammation resulting from the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway is involved in calcification in CKD rats or osteogenic medium-cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, miR-135a-5p is demonstrated to be a key regulator of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, which has been reported to be decreased in CKD rats. We further reveal that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation increases miR-135a-5p expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, ultimately resulting in the attenuation of vascular inflammation and calcification in CKD rats. Our findings provide advanced insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation in vascular calcification, and evidence that FXR activation could serve as a therapeutic strategy for retarding vascular calcification in CKD patients.
Exploration of prognostic index based on immune-related genes in patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shi Weidong , Feng Lanyun , Dong Shu , Ning Zhouyu , Hua Yongqiang , Liu Luming , Chen Zhen , Meng Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to screen the immune-related genes (IRGs) in patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and construct a synthetic index for indicating the prognostic outcomes. The bioinformatic analysis was performed on the data of 374 cancer tissues and 50 normal tissues, which were downloaded from TCGA database. We observed that 17 differentially expressed IRGs were significantly associated with survival in LIHC patients. These LIHC-specific IRGs were validated with function analysis and molecular characteristics. Cox analysis was applied for constructing a RiskScore for predicting the survival. The RiskScore involved six IRGs and corresponding coefficients, which was calculated with the following formula: RiskScore = [Expression level of FABP5 *(0.064)] + [Expression level of TRAF3 * (0.198)] + [Expression level of CSPG5 * (0.416)] + [Expression level of IL17D * (0.197)] + [Expression level of STC2 * (0.036)] + [Expression level of BRD8 * (0.140)]. The RiskScore was positively associated with the poor survival, which was verified with the dataset from ICGC database. Further analysis revealed that the RiskScore was independent of any other clinical feature, while it was linked with the infiltration levels of six types of immune cells. Our study reported the survival-associated IRGs in LIHC and then constructed IRGs-based RiskScore as prognostic indicator for screening patients with high risk of short survival. Both the screened IRGs and IRGs-based RiskScore were clinically significant, which may be informative for promoting the individualized immunotherapy against LIHC.
Adipose biology, cardiovascular, and cardiometabolic disease: novel insights and new targets for intervention
Authors: El-Yazbi Ahmed F. , Oudit Gavin Y. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Adipose biology research has grown rapidly offering new insights into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of different body fat depots. This Thematic Collection of Clinical Science brings a well-rounded timely view of the recent development in this field. We highlight the state of the art on adipose tissue function/dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies.
Structural view of the yeast Dam1 complex, a ring-shaped molecular coupler for the dynamic microtubule end
Authors: Wu Shaowen , Grishchuk Ekaterina L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In a dividing eukaryotic cell, proper chromosome segregation requires the dynamic yet persistent attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this function is especially crucial because each kinetochore is attached to a single microtubule; consequently, loss of attachment could lead to unrecoverable chromosome loss. The highly specialized heterodecameric Dam1 protein complex achieves this coupling by assembling into a microtubule-encircling ring that glides near the end of the dynamic microtubule to mediate chromosome motion. In recent years, we have learned a great deal about the structural properties of the Dam1 heterodecamer, its mechanism of self-assembly into rings, and its tethering to the kinetochore by the elongated Ndc80 complex. The most remarkable progress has resulted from defining the fine structures of helical bundles within Dam1 heterodecamer. In this review, we critically analyze structural observations collected by diverse approaches with the goal of obtaining a unified view of Dam1 ring architecture. A considerable consistency between different studies supports a coherent model of the circular core of the Dam1 ring. However, there are persistent uncertainties about the composition of ring protrusions and flexible extensions, as well as their roles in mediating ring core assembly and interactions with the Ndc80 complex and microtubule.
Druggable binding sites in the multicomponent assemblies that characterise DNA double-strand-break repair through non-homologous end joining
Authors: Kefala Stavridi Antonia , Appleby Robert , Liang Shikang , Blundell Tom L. , Chaplin Amanda K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is one of the two principal damage repair pathways for DNA double-strand breaks in cells. In this review, we give a brief overview of the system including a discussion of the effects of deregulation of NHEJ components in carcinogenesis and resistance to cancer therapy. We then discuss the relevance of targeting NHEJ components pharmacologically as a potential cancer therapy and review previous approaches to orthosteric regulation of NHEJ factors. Given the limited success of previous investigations to develop inhibitors against individual components, we give a brief discussion of the recent advances in computational and structural biology that allow us to explore different targets, with a particular focus on modulating protein–protein interaction interfaces. We illustrate this discussion with three examples showcasing some current approaches to developing protein–protein interaction inhibitors to modulate the assembly of NHEJ multiprotein complexes in space and time.
An Eye-Tracking Study on Audiovisual Speech Perception Strategies Adopted by Normal-Hearing and Deaf Adults Under Different Language Familiarities
Authors: Wang Jianrong , Zhu Yumeng , Chen Yu , Mamat Abdilbar , Yu Mei , Zhang Ju , Dang Jianwu 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The primary purpose of this study was to explore the audiovisual speech perception strategies.80.23.47 adopted by normal-hearing and deaf people in processing familiar and unfamiliar languages. Our primary hypothesis was that they would adopt different perception strategies due to different sensory experiences at an early age, limitations of the physical device, and the developmental gap of language, and others.

Method
Thirty normal-hearing adults and 33 prelingually deaf adults participated in the study. They were asked to perform judgment and listening tasks while watching videos of a Uygur–Mandarin bilingual speaker in a familiar language (Standard Chinese) or an unfamiliar language (Modern Uygur) while their eye movements were recorded by eye-tracking technology.

Results
Task had a slight influence on the distribution of selective attention, whereas subject and language had significant influences. To be specific, the normal-hearing and the d10eaf participants mainly gazed at the speaker's eyes and mouth, respectively, in the experiment; moreover, while the normal-hearing participants had to stare longer at the speaker's mouth when they confronted with the unfamiliar language Modern Uygur, the deaf participant did not change their attention allocation pattern when perceiving the two languages.

Conclusions
Normal-hearing and deaf adults adopt different audiovisual speech perception strategies: Normal-hearing adults mainly look at the eyes, and deaf adults mainly look at the mouth. Additionally, language and task can also modulate the speech perception strategy.
Mass measurements during lymphocytic leukemia cell polyploidization decouple cell cycle- and cell size-dependent growth
Authors: Mu Luye , Kang Joon Ho , Olcum Selim , Payer Kristofor R. , Calistri Nicholas L. , Kimmerling Robert J. , Manalis Scott R. , Miettinen Teemu P. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Cell size is believed to influence cell growth through limited transport efficiency in larger cells. However, this has not been experimentally investigated due to a lack of noninvasive, high-precision growth quantification methods suitable for measuring large cells. Here, we have engineered large versions of microfluidic mass sensors called suspended microchannel resonators in order to study the growth of single mammalian cells that range 100-fold in mass. Our measurements, which decouple growth effects caused by cell cycle and cell size, revealed that absolute cell size does not impose strict transport or other limitations that would inhibit growth and that cell cycle has a large influence on growth.
Correcting misperceptions of exponential coronavirus growth increases support for social distancing
Authors: Lammers Joris , Crusius Jan , Gast Anne 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceGiven the current lack of an effective vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), one of the most effective ways to prevent the illness is social distancing. At the same time, a sizeable portion of the public fails to see the necessity of such measures. We identify one root cause for this: People mistakenly perceive the coronavirus to grow in a linear manner, underestimating its actual potential for exponential growth. We show that correcting this perceptual error significantly increases support for social distancing. This research shows the importance of statistical literacy among the general public for increasing support to fight the coronavirus using the most effective method currently available.
Building disciplinary knowledge through multimodal presentation
Authors: Ouyang Qianhua , Yu Yi , Fu Ai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Digital innovations are revolutionizing education, bringing opportunities that are seized across disciplines including
conference interpreting training. This research draws a transdisciplinary framework of Legitimation Code Theory and multimodality research
to explore how to build and transfer the disciplinary knowledge of interpreting via an on-line course, a staple of today’s education. The
paper first conceptualizes the disciplinary knowledge of interpreting as elite code that entails both specialist knowledge of high semantic
density and tacit experience of professionals of the trade. Then, drawing on empirical data from the first interpreting MOOC in China, the
paper describes how knowledge of different semantic features is built through distinctive patterns of multimodal presentation. Effectiveness
of the multimodal presentation of knowledge is then triangulated with learning outcome research. Findings of this paper highlight how
multimodal presentation in on-line lectures support the process of learning and hence elicit reflective perspectives on knowledge building
of interpreting in the on-line space.
Realising a species-selective double well with multiple-radiofrequency-dressed potentials
Authors: Barker A J , Sunami S , Garrick D , Beregi A , Luksch K , Bentine E , Foot C J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Techniques to manipulate the individual constituents of an ultracold mixture are key to investigating impurity physics. In this work, we confine a mixture of hyperfine ground states of 87Rb atoms in a double-well potential. The potential is produced by dressing the atoms with multiple radiofrequencies. The amplitude and phase of each frequency component of the dressing field are controlled to independently manipulate each species. Furthermore, we verify that our mixture of hyperfine states is collisionally stable, with no observable inelastic loss.