bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoke modulates binding of the transcription factor MZF1 to the VEGF promoter and regulates VEGF expression in dependence of genetic variation SNP 405
Authors: Krüger Maximilian , Metzger Carmen , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W. , Brieger Jürgen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) affects carcinogenesis of the upper aerodigestive tract. Cigarette smoke (CSE) influences VEGF‐gene regulation. The single nucleotide polymorphism +405 G/C (SNP +405 G/C) and the transcriptional factor (TF) myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) are endogenic regulators of the VEGFpromoter as the polymorphism 405 potentially affects binding of the transcription factor MZF1. Therefore, this in vitro study analysed cancer cells of the upper aerodigestive tract after CSE incubation concerning MZF1‐binding specificity and VEGF expression in dependency of VEGF polymorphism +405 G/C compared to wild type (wt).MethodsIn human alveolar epithelial‐like type‐II cells (A549) and oral squamous cell cancer cells (HNSCCUM‐02T) SNP +405 G/C‐ and MZF1‐dependent VEGF promoter activity and VEGF expression were analysed by qRT‐PCR and Western blot after incubation with 10% CSE. Temporary knock‐down of MZF1 was performed using siRNA. MZF1 binding was analysed by Co‐Chromatin‐Immunoprecipitation (Co‐ChiP) (each test n = 3).ResultsWe found a stronger MZF1 binding to VEGF polymorphism 405 in A549 cells (P < .05) compared to HNSCCUM‐02T cells (P = .02), where MZF1 binding was reduced. MZF1 knock out reduced VEGF promoter activity in HNSCCUM‐02T cells, showing the relevance of the factor for transcriptional activation of the VEGF promoter. Finally, we found that CSE increases promoter activity in both cell lines and no significant differences between the two analysed polymorphisms concerning their activating capacity.ConclusionIn summary, both VEGF promoter polymorphisms are similar effective in terms of transcriptional activity, and MZF1 is a transcriptional activator of VEGF promoter. Moreover, cigarette smoke increases MZF1 binding of VEGF‐promoter and directly affects VEGF‐gene regulation.
The use of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in oncologic histopathology
Authors: Sultan Ahmed S. , Elgharib Mohamed A. , Tavares Tiffany , Jessri Maryam , Basile John R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, there has been a momentous drive to apply advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to diagnostic medicine. The introduction of AI has provided vast new opportunities to improve health care and has introduced a new wave of heightened precision in oncologic pathology. The impact of AI on oncologic pathology has now become apparent, and its use with respect to oral oncology is still in the nascent stage.DiscussionA foundational overview of AI classification systems used in medicine and a review of common terminology used in machine learning and computational pathology will be presented. This paper provides a focused review on the recent advances in AI and deep learning in oncologic histopathology and oral oncology. In addition, specific emphasis on recent studies that have applied these technologies to oral cancer prognostication will also be discussed.ConclusionMachine and deep learning methods designed to enhance prognostication of oral cancer have been proposed with much of the work focused on prediction models on patient survival and locoregional recurrences in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Few studies have explored machine learning methods on OSCC digital histopathologic images. It is evident that further research at the whole slide image level is needed and future collaborations with computer scientists may progress the field of oral oncology.
Bayesian disease mapping and the ‘High‐Risk’ oral cancer population in Hong Kong
Authors: Adeoye John , Choi Siu‐Wai , Thomson Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreventive and early diagnostic methods such as health promotion and disease screening are increasingly advocated to improve detection and survival rates for oral cancer. These strategies are most effective when targeted at "high‐risk" individuals and populations. Bayesian disease‐mapping modelling is a statistical method to quantify and explain spatial and temporal patterns for risk and covariate factor influence, thereby identifying "high‐risk" sub‐regions or "case clustering" for targeted intervention. Rarely applied to oral cancer epidemiology, this paper highlights the efficacy of disease mapping for the Hong Kong population.MethodsFollowing ethical approval, anonymized individual‐level data for oral cancer diagnoses were obtained retrospectively from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS) of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HA) database for a 7‐year period (January 2013 to December 2019). Data facilitated disease mapping and estimation of relative risks of oral cancer incidence and mortality.ResultsA total of 3,341 new oral cancer cases and 1,506 oral cancer‐related deaths were recorded during the 7‐year study period. Five districts, located in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, exhibited considerably higher relative incidence risks with 1 significant "case cluster" hotspot. Six districts displayed higher mortality risks than expected from territory‐wide values, with highest risk identified for two districts of Hong Kong Island.ConclusionBayesian disease mapping is successful in identifying and characterizing "high‐risk" areas for oral cancer incidence and mortality within a community. This should facilitate targeted preventive and interventional strategies. Further work is encouraged to enhance global‐level data and comprehensive mapping of oral cancer incidence, mortality and survival.
Detection, stratification and treatment of hepatitis C–positive prisoners in the United Kingdom prison estate: Development of a pathway of care to facilitate the elimination of hepatitis C in a London prison
Authors: Connoley Declan , Francis‐Graham Seth , Storer Michelle , Ekeke Nnenna , Smith Claire , Macdonald Douglas , Rosenberg William 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe United Kingdom is committed to eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2025. The prison estate provides an opportunity to identify and treat HCV‐positive individuals in a high‐prevalence environment. We designed and implemented a pathway of care within a London prison to diagnose, stratify and link HCV‐positive prisoners into care. This study was a two‐phase case study of a HCV care pathway. New arrivals to the prison were offered blood‐borne virus screening with dried blood spot testing at their secondary health check. Those with active infection completed disease stratification tests and were reviewed at a weekly hospital‐based multidisciplinary team meeting to determine management. In Phase‐2, the pathway was redesigned to improve testing and the referral of HCV‐positive prisoners into treatment. Over the 30‐month evaluation period, 12,946 people were received in the prison. During Phase‐1, 19.6% of new arrivals completed blood‐borne virus testing, with 7.3% identified as HCV‐positive. Just 8.3% of HCV‐positive individuals were treated or referred for treatment in Phase‐1. During Phase‐2, 30% of new receptions completed BBV testing and 3.9% were identified as HCV‐positive. Linkage into care was improved, with 38.9% treated or referred during the second phase. Poor access to testing and referral to treatment limit the effectiveness of care provision for prisoners with HCV. Elimination of HCV in prisons requires local service configuration to ensure high uptake of testing, with all HCV‐positive cases then offered treatment during custody or referral on to treatment after release.
Global real‐world evidence of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir as simple, effective HCV treatment: Analysis of 5552 patients from 12 cohorts
Authors: Mangia Alessandra , Milligan Scott , Khalili Mandana , Fagiuoli Stefano , Shafran Stephen D. , Carrat Fabrice , Ouzan Denis , Papatheodoridis George , Ramji Alnoor , Borgia Sergio M. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Losappio Ruggero , Pérez‐Hernandez Francisco , Wick Nicole , Brown Robert S. , Lampertico Pietro , Doucette Karen , Ntalla Ioanna , Ramroth Heribert , Mertens Michael , Vanstraelen Kim , Turnes Juan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsAchieving sustained virological response (SVR; cure) in hepatitis C patients using a simple regimen is key to making elimination by 2030 possible. In the largest real‐world analysis to date, the effectiveness of pangenotypic, panfibrotic, single‐tablet, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) once‐daily for 12 weeks was assessed in 12 clinical real‐world cohorts from various geographical areas, settings and treatment practices. Factors affecting risk of not achieving SVR were assessed.MethodsAdults treated with SOF/VEL 400/100 mg, without ribavirin, were included. All HCV patients reaching Week 12 or 24 post‐treatment were assessed for SVR12/24. Factors associated with not achieving SVR12/24 for virological reasons were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOverall, 5552 patients were included: 13.3% treatment‐experienced; 20.7% compensated cirrhotic; 30.2% genotype 1; 29.5% genotype 2; 32.9% genotype 3; 4.7% genotype 4; 3.7% HIV coinfection; 13.4% current/former intravenous drug use. Of the 5196 patients evaluated for effectiveness, 98.9% achieved SVR12/24. High SVR12/24 rates occurred in all genotypes including genotype 3 (98.3%; 1649/1677) and in those with compensated cirrhosis (97.9; 1055/1078). Only 55 patients did not achieve SVR12/24 due to a virological reason; the only factor statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of not achieving SVR12/24 was compensated cirrhosis (P = .002). Overall, 6% (332/5552) of patients did not achieve SVR12/24 for non‐virological reasons (67% lost to follow‐up; 26.5% early treatment discontinuation).ConclusionsIn this large cohort, representative of clinical practice, a simple 12‐week regimen of SOF/VEL without ribavirin resulted in high SVR12/24 rates in diverse patient populations, even among those with compensated cirrhosis.
Classification of CM chondrite breccias—Implications for the evaluation of samples from the OSIRIS‐REx and Hayabusa 2 missions
Authors: Lentfort Sarah , Bischoff Addi , Ebert Samuel , Patzek Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCM chondrites are complex impact (mostly regolith) breccias, in which lithic clasts show various degrees of aqueous alteration. Here, we investigated the degree of alteration of individual clasts within 19 different CM chondrites and CM‐like clasts in three achondrites by chemical analysis of the tochilinite‐cronstedtite‐intergrowths (TCIs; formerly named “poorly characterized phases”). To identify TCIs in various chondritic lithologies, we used backscattered electron (BSE) overview images of polished thin sections, after which appropriate samples underwent electron microprobe measurements. Thus, 75 lithic clasts were classified. In general, the excellent work and specific criteria of Rubin et al. (2007) were used and considered to classify CM breccias in a similar way as ordinary chondrite breccias (e.g., CM2.2‐2.7). In BSE images, TCIs in strongly altered fragments in CM chondrites (CM2.0‐CM2.2) appear dark grayish and show a low contrast to the surrounding material (typically clastic matrix), and can be distinguished from TCIs in moderately (CM2.4‐CM2.6) or less altered fragments (CM2.7‐CM2.9); the latter are bright and have high contrast to the surroundings. We found that an accurate subclassification can be obtained by considering only the “FeO”/SiO2 ratio of the TCI chemistry. One could also consider the TCIs’ S/SiO2 ratio and the metal abundance, but these were not used for classification due to several disadvantages. Most of the CM chondrites are finds that have suffered terrestrial weathering in hot and cold deserts. Thus, the observed abundance of metal is susceptible to weathering and may not be a reliable indicator of subtype classification. This study proposes an extended classification scheme based on Rubin’s scale from subtypes CM2.0‐CM2.9 that takes the brecciation into account and includes the minimum to maximum degree of alteration of individual clasts. The range of aqueous alteration in CM chondrites and small spatial scale of mixing of clasts with different alteration histories will be important for interpreting returned samples from the OSIRIS‐REx and Hayabusa 2 missions in the future.
Effects of the vibrating capsule on colonic circadian rhythm and bowel symptoms in chronic idiopathic constipation
Authors: Rao Satish S. C. , Lembo Anthony , Chey William D. , Friedenberg Keith , Quigley Eamonn M. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundConstipated patients remain dissatisfied with current treatments suggesting a need for alternative therapies.AimEvaluate the mechanistic effects of oral vibrating capsule in chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) by examining the temporal relationships between the onset of vibrations, complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM), and circadian rhythm.MethodsIn post hoc analyses of two double‐blind studies, CIC patients (Rome III) were randomized to receive 5 active or sham capsules/week for 8 weeks. The capsules were programmed for single vibration (study 1) or two vibration sessions with two modes, 8 hours apart (study 2). Daily electronic diaries assessed stool habit and percentage of CSBMs associated with vibrations. Responders were patients with ≥ 1 CSBM per week over baseline.Results250 patients were enrolled (active = 133, sham = 117). During and within 3 hours of vibration, there were significantly more % CSBMs in the active vs. sham group (50% vs. 42%; P = .0018). In study 2, there were two CSBM peaks associated with vibration sessions. Significantly more % CSBMs occurred in active mode 1 (21.5%) vs. sham (11.5%); (P = .0357). Responder rates did not differ in study 1 (active vs. sham: 26.9% vs. 35.9%, P = .19) or study 2 (mode 1 vs. sham: 50% vs. 31.8%, P = .24; mode 2 vs. sham: 38.1% vs. 31.8%, P = .75). Device was well‐tolerated barring mild vibration sensation.ConclusionsVibrating capsule may increase CSBMs possibly by enhancing the physiologic effects of waking and meals, and augmenting circadian rhythm, although responder rate was not different from sham. Two vibration sessions were associated with more CSBMs.
Dynamic QT response to cold‐water face immersion in long‐QT syndrome type 3
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiro , Shimizu Wataru , Makita Naomasa , Nakayashiro Mami 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal dynamics of QT intervals in response to sympathetic nervous system stimulation are used to diagnose long‐QT syndrome (LQTS). We hypothesized that parasympathetic stimulation with cold‐water face immersion following exercise would influence QT dynamics in patients with LQTS type 3 (LQT3).MethodsStudy participants (n = 42; mean age = 11.2 years) comprised 20 genotyped LQTS children and 22 healthy children. The LQTS group was divided into LQT3 (n = 12) and non‐LQT3 (n = 8) subgroups. Provocative testing for assessing QT dynamics comprised a treadmill exercise followed by cold‐water face immersion. The QT intervals were automatically measured at rest and during exercise, recovery, and cold‐water face immersion. The QT/heart rate (HR) relationship was visualized by plotting beat‐to‐beat confluence of the data.ResultsThe QT/HR slopes, determined by linear regression analysis, were steeper in the LQTS group than in the control group during exercise and immersion tests: −2.16 ± 0.63 versus −1.21 ± 0.28, P < 0.0001, and −2.02 ± 0.76 vs −0.75 ± 0.24, P < 0.0001, respectively. The LQT3 patients had steeper slopes in the immersion test than did non‐LQT3 and control individuals: −2.42 ± 0.52 vs −1.40 ± 0.65, P < 0.0001, and vs −0.75 ± 0.24, P < 0.0001.ConclusionsThe QT dynamics of LQT3 patients differ from those of other LQTS subtypes during the post‐exercise cold‐water face immersion test in this study. Abnormal QT dynamics during the parasympathetic provocative test are concordant with the fact that cardiac events occur when HRs are lower or during sleep in LQT3 patients.
Shared leadership development and team performance: A new look at the dynamics of shared leadership
Authors: Lorinkova Natalia M. , Bartol Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study offers new theoretical insights into the dynamics of shared leadership. Integrating arguments from shared leadership and team development theory, we examine how shared leadership changes over the course of a project team's life cycle and how this pattern of change relates to team performance. Guided by shared leadership theory and project team literature, we also explore team‐level factors, which may alter the pattern of shared leadership development. In particular, we propose that in project teams shared leadership develops in a nonuniform way, approximating an inverted U‐shaped pattern, increasing early in the team's life cycle, peaking around the midpoint, and then decreasing in the later phase. In turn, this development pattern relates positively to team performance. We also extend theory by explaining how specific team characteristics influence the pattern of shared leadership development. Using a three‐study approach, we empirically examine the hypothesized relationships and conclude with a general discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Phoma diseases: Epidemiology and control
Authors: Deb Debasish , Khan Ahamed , Dey Nrisingha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhomais the most widely distributed and omnipresent genus of the order Pleosporales and the largest genus with some 3,000 taxa described so far. Of these, approximately 110 species are pathogenic and occupy varied ecological niches. The genusPhomais polyphyletic and is not really delimited, with unclear species boundaries that make it a taxonomically controversial genus. Fungi belonging toPhomacommonly occur on crop plants that are economically important, where they cause devastating plant diseases. Pathogenic members ofPhomasensu lato species attack crop plants with symptoms ranging from leaf blight to root rot, and even wilting of the plant. In infected crop residues and field stubbles, the pathogen produces abundant pycnidia and pseudothecia that serve as the source of primary inoculum, whilst repeated crops of conidia produced inside pycnidia are the main source of secondary infection during the same growing season. After successful infection, the pathogen produces various phytotoxins that alter photosynthetic efficiency and actin cytoskeleton‐based functions, and cause electrolyte leakage from cells. Controlling the diseases caused by members ofPhomasensu lato is challenging and efforts have been made to identify resistant varieties that can be used in various plant breeding programmes. Studies have also been conducted to devise cultural and biological control measures as well as to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides against members ofPhomasensu lato. In this review we aim to discuss the disease epidemiology and control measures that can be practised to protect crops fromPhomadiseases.
Flood Footprint Assessment: A Multiregional Case of 2009 Central European Floods
Authors: Mendoza‐Tinoco David , Hu Yixin , Zeng Zhao , Chalvatzis Konstantinos J. , Zhang Ning , Steenge Albert E. , Guan Dabo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydrometeorological phenomena have increased in intensity and frequency in last decades, with Europe as one of the most affected areas. This accounts for considerable economic losses in the region. Regional adaptation strategies for costs minimization require a comprehensive assessment of the disasters’ economic impacts at a multiple‐region scale. This article adapts the flood footprint method for multiple‐region assessment of total economic impact and applies it to the 2009 Central European Floods event. The flood footprint is an impact accounting framework based on the input–output methodology to economically assess the physical damage (direct) and production shortfalls (indirect) within a region and wider economic networks, caused by a climate disaster. Here, the model is extended through the capital matrix, to enable diverse recovery strategies. According to the results, indirect losses represent a considerable proportion of the total costs of a natural disaster, and most of them occur in nonhighly directly impacted industries. For the 2009 Central European Floods, the indirect losses represent 65% out of total, and 70% of it comes from four industries: business services, manufacture general, construction, and commerce. Additionally, results show that more industrialized economies would suffer more indirect losses than less‐industrialized ones, in spite of being less vulnerable to direct shocks. This may link to their specific economic structures of high capital‐intensity and strong interindustrial linkages.
A Study of Risk Relevance Reasoning Based on a Context Ontology of Railway Accidents
Authors: Cao Tiancheng , Mu Wenxin , Gou Juanqiong , Peng Liyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the application of risk management and accident response in the railway domain, risk detection and prevention have become key research topics. Many dangers and associated risk sources must be considered in collaborative scenarios of heavy‐haul railways. In these scenarios, (1) various risk sources are involved in different data sources, and context affects their occurrence, (2) the relationships between contexts and risk sources in the accident cause mechanism need to be explicitly defined, and (3) risk knowledge reasoning needs to integrate knowledge from multiple data sources to achieve comprehensive results. To express the association rules among core concepts, this article constructs two ontologies: The accident‐risk ontology and the context ontology. Concept analysis is based on railway domain knowledge and accident analysis reports. To sustainably integrate knowledge, an integrated evolutionary model called scenario‐risk‐accident chain ontology (SRAC) is constructed by introducing new data sources. The SRAC is integrated through expert rules between the two ontologies, and its evolution process involves new knowledge through a new risk source database. After three versions of the upgrade process, potential risk sources can be mined and evaluated in specific contexts. To evaluate the risk source level, a long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network model is used to capture context and risk text features. A model comparison for different neural network structures is performed to find the optimal evaluation results. Finally, new concepts, such as risk source level, and new instances are updated in the context‐aware risk knowledge reasoning framework.
How did we rapidly implement a convalescent plasma program?
Authors: Budhai Alexandra , Wu Annie A. , Hall Lucette , Strauss Donna , Paradiso Sarai , Alberigo Jill , Hillyer Christopher D. , Jett Betsy , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Bloch Evan M. , Sachais Bruce S. , Shaz Beth H. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTSince the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the use of convalescent plasma as a possible treatment has been explored. Here we describe our experience as the first U.S. organization creating a COVID‐19 convalescent plasma program to support its use through the single‐patient emergency investigational new drug, the National Expanded Access Program, and multiple randomized controlled trials. Within weeks, we were able to distribute more than 8000 products, scale up collections to more than 4000 units per week, meet hospital demand, and support randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of convalescent plasma treatment. This was through strategic planning; redeployment of staff; and active engagement of hospital, community, and public health partners. Our partners helped with donor recruitment, testing, patient advocacy, and patient availability. The program will continue to evolve as we learn more about optimizing the product. Remaining issues to be resolved are antibody titers, dose, and at what stage of disease to transfuse.