bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships among MAOA, COMT Val158Met, and 5‐HTTLPR polymorphisms, newborn stress reactivity, and infant temperament
Authors: Bajgarova Zdenka , Bajgar Adam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionVariance in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity is considered to be one of the sources of differences in infant temperament. The cortisol enters into interactions with dopamine and serotonin, so it is expected that polymorphisms in genes coding monoamine metabolism influence both HPA axis reactivity and temperament.MethodsWe therefore explore the relationship among 5‐HTTLPR S/L, MAOA H/L, and COMT Val158Met polymorphisms, the stress reaction of newborn infants after a heel stick blood draw (measured by determining salivary cortisol at three time points), and temperament assessed at the age of 3 months using Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire—Revised (IBQ‐R) with a sample of 84 infants.ResultsThe decrease in the salivary cortisol correlated with nine primary scales and all three secondary scales of IBQ‐R. Children with a greater cortisol decrease were assessed as less susceptible to negative emotions, more extraverted, and more regulated. The polymorphisms that were observed were related both to the course of the stress reaction and to temperament. The 5‐HTTLPR S allele was connected to higher scores for Negative Emotionality and lower scores for Orienting/Regulatory Capacity. The presence of the MAOA L allele predisposed its carriers to higher scores for Negative Emotionality, lower scores for Orienting/Regulatory Capacity, and a lower decrease in cortisol. The Met allele of COMT Val158Met polymorphism was connected to a higher Positive Affectivity/Surgency and Orienting/Regulatory Capacity and a greater cortisol decrease.ConclusionsContrary to previous studies referring mainly basal cortisol and its increase, the results of our study emphasize the importance of cortisol elimination in infant temperament. Another interesting finding was a higher cortisol increase, higher Distress to Limitations, Negative Emotionality, and Approach in MAOA LL homozygotes which are traditionally understood as more vulnerable toward early stress in developing later externalizing behavior.
The superficial temporal artery: A meta‐analysis of its prevalence and morphology
Authors: Koziej Mateusz , Wnuk Jakub , Polak Jakub , Trybus Marek , Pękala Przemysław , Pękala Jakub , Hołda Mateusz , Antoszewski Bogusław , Tomaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe superficial temporal artery (STA) is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It supplies the regions of scalp and face. The morphometrical data concerning STAs are not consistent; therefore, in this systemic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed in this to provide an up‐to‐date data on its anatomic features.Material and methodsIn order to do this, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were searched. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items and Review and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for the meta‐analysis. Studies that reported the prevalence and anatomical data regarding STA were included in further analyses.ResultsOut of 1,446 studies initially evaluated, 21 were included in the meta‐analysis (874 patients/donors). The STA diameter was 1.5 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–1.53 mm). The frontal and parietal branches of the STA were present in 97.6% (95% CIs: 94.6–99.5%) and 96.4% (95% CIs: 93.5–98.5%) of the cases, respectively. The STA bifurcation point was located above the zygomatic arch in 79.1% (95% CI: 68.0–84.3), below the zygomatic arch in 6.7% (95% CI: 2.4–12.1), and on the zygomatic arch in 11.1% of the cases (95% CI: 5.4–17.5). There was no bifurcation of the STA in 3.1% of the cases (95% CI: 0.4–7.3).ConclusionThe most comprehensive analysis of STA morphological features is presented. The results from this evidence‐based anatomical study will improve understanding of the clinical STA anatomy, which in turn has major implications for understanding the STA in clinical practice.
Efficient Modulation of TP53 Expression in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Uhlmann Constanze , Kuhn Lisa‐Maria , Tigges Julia , Fritsche Ellen , Kahlert Ulf Dietrich 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTP53 point mutations are found in 50% of all cancers and seem to play an important role in cancer pathogenesis. Thus, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) overexpressing mutant TP53 are a valuable tool for the generation of in vitro models of cancer stem cells or for in vivo xenograft models. Here, we describe a protocol for the alteration of gene expression in hiPSCs via overexpression of a mutant form of the TP53 (R249S) gene using lentiviral transduction. A high amount of TP53 protein is detected 1 week after transduction and antibiotic selection. Differentiation of transduced hiPSCs gives insight into better understanding cancer formation in different tissues and may be a useful tool for genetic or pharmacologic screening assays. © 2019 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Production and concentration of third‐generation lentivirusSupport Protocol 1: Cloning of gene of interest into modulation vectorSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of DMEM GlutaMAX™ with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin‐streptomycinBasic Protocol 2: Transduction of human induced pluripotent stem cells and selection of positively transfected cellsSupport Protocol 3: Preparation of Matrigel®‐coated platesSupport Protocol 4: Preparation of mTeSR™1 medium
Recent advances in cardio‐oncology: a report from the ‘Heart Failure Association 2019 and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2019’
Authors: Anker Markus S. , Hadzibegovic Sara , Lena Alessia , Belenkov Yury , Bergler‐Klein Jutta , de Boer Rudolf A. , Farmakis Dimitrios , von Haehling Stephan , Iakobishvili Zaza , Maack Christoph , Pudil Radek , Skouri Hadi , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Tocchetti Carlo G. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Seferović Petar M. , Lyon Alexander R. ,   for the Heart Failure Association Cardio‐Oncology Study Group of the European Society of Cardiology
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile anti‐cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, are constantly advancing, cardiovascular toxicity has become a major challenge for cardiologists and oncologists. This has led to an increasing demand of cardio‐oncology units in Europe and a growing interest of clinicians and researchers. The Heart Failure 2019 meeting of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology in Athens has therefore created a scientific programme that included four dedicated sessions on the topic along with several additional lectures. The major points that were discussed at the congress included the implementation and delivery of a cardio‐oncology service, the collaboration among cardio‐oncology experts, and the risk stratification, prevention, and early recognition of cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, sessions addressed the numerous different anti‐cancer therapies associated with cardiotoxic effects and provided guidance on how to treat cancer patients who develop cardiovascular disease before, during, and after treatment.
Validation of a statistical toolkit based on the ten‐group Robson Classification of cesarean delivery
Authors: Khan Mohammad A.Z. , Chehab Muhannad H. , Al Hamwi Hassan M. , Alloub Mohamed I.A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the validity of a statistical toolkit based on the original ten‐group Robson Classification of cesarean delivery.MethodsA retrospective pilot study at Al Wakra Hospital in Doha, Qatar, was conducted from June 1 to June 30, 2017, involving consecutive women undergoing cesarean delivery, using a three‐stage approach. A Microsoft Excel‐based toolkit was developed by dividing each of the 10 groups of the original Robson Classification into clinical groups and subgroups. A critical review of the toolkit was then undertaken by four independent physicians based on different potential clinical scenarios that could culminate in cesarean delivery in each Robson group. The toolkit was validated by populating it with the data of the cesarean deliveries of the women involved in the study.ResultsThe data from cesarean deliveries of 153 women were utilized in the pilot study. The toolkit catered for and successfully accommodated 94.8% of the cases without any need for change. The remaining 5.2% of cases required additional adjustments in the toolkit. The toolkit provided instant access to important data about the labor and delivery which could be used for audit and research purposes and ultimately for service improvement.ConclusionThe toolkit significantly improved the clinical efficacy of the Robson Classification as a potential statistical tool for comparison of local and international data.
Production and evaluation of decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel for cartilage regeneration derived from knee cartilage
Authors: Bordbar Sima , Lotfi Bakhshaiesh Nasrin , Khanmohammadi Mehdi , Sayahpour Forough Azam , Alini Mauro , Baghaban Eslaminejad Mohamadreza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCartilage tissue engineering is the interdisciplinary science that will help to improve cartilage afflictions, such as arthrosis, arthritis, or following joints traumatic injuries. In the present work, we developed an injectable hydrogel which derived from decellularized extracellular matrix of sheep cartilage. Successful decellularization was evaluated by measuring the DNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagen contents, and histological analyses. There was a minor difference in GAG and collagen contents among natural cartilage and decellularized tissue as well as ultimate hydrogel. Rheological analysis showed that the temperature and gelation time of prepared hydrogel were 37°C and between 5 and 7 min, respectively. Mechanical properties evaluation indicated a storage modulus of 20 kPa. The results show that prepared hydrogel possessed cell‐friendly microenvironment as confirmed via calcein staining and MTT assay. Also, cells were able to proliferate which observed by H&E and alcian blue staining. Cell attachment and proliferation at the surface of the decellularized hydrogel was apparent by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and microphotographs. Furthermore, the cells embedded within the hydrogel were able to differentiate into chondrocyte with limited evidence of hypertrophy and osteogenesis in utilized cells which proved by SOX9, CoL2, ACAN, and also CoL1 and CoL10 gene expression levels. In summary, the results suggest that developed novel injectable hydrogel from decellularized cartilage could be utilized as a promising substrate for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Fabrication of novel Ag/g‐C3N4 electrode for resveratrol sensors
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Pan Tzu‐Ying , Hsieh Chia‐Ying , Wu Ren‐Jang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAg/g‐C3N4 is fabricated and used as an electrode for determining trans‐resveratrol concentration. The compositional and structural characteristics of the as‐fabricated Ag/g‐C3N4 are studied through X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Additionally, the electrochemical behavior of Ag/g‐C3N4 is investigated using cyclic voltammetry. According to the experimental results, 1 wt%Ag/g‐C3N4 exhibits an oxidation peak at 0.48 V, with a low detection limit (1.88 × 10−7 M) and satisfactory correlation coefficient (0.9975), suggesting that the proposed Ag/g‐C3N4 electrode can be successfully used for detecting trans‐resveratrol.
Physiological and histopathological responses of Porcellio laevis (Isopoda, Crustacea) as indicators of metal trace element contamination
Authors: Ghemari Chedliya , Jelassi Raja , Khemaissia Hajer , Waterlot Christophe , Raimond Maryline , Souty‐Grosset Catherine , Douay Francis , Nasri‐Ammar Karima 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the impact of the mixture of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) on the bioaccumulation and the ultrastructural changes in the hepatopancreas of Porcellio laevis (Latreille, 1804) after 4 weeks of exposure to contaminated Quercus leaves under laboratory conditions. For each metal, four concentrations were used with four replicates for each concentration. Metal concentrations in the hepatopancreas and the rest of the body were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. From the first week until the end of the experiment, a weight gain in P. laevis was observed particularly between the first and the end of exposure from 93.3 ± 18.22 mg fw to 105.22 ± 16.16 mg fw and from 106.4 ± 22.67 mg fw to 125.9 ± 23.9 mg fw for Mix1 and Mix4, respectively. Additionally, the determined metal trace elements (MTE) concentrations in the hepatopancreas were considerably higher compared to those in the rest of the body and seem to be dose‐dependent. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), some alterations were highlighted in the hepatopancreas. The main observed alterations were (a) the destruction of the microvilli border in a considerable portion of cells, (b) the increase of the lipid droplets with different shapes and sizes, (c) the increase in the number of the mitochondria, and (d) the appearance of TE in the form of B‐type granules. The obtained results confirmed the ability of P. laevis to deal with high amounts of MTE, suggesting its possible use in future soil's biomonitoring programs.
Regret and nonredemption of daily deals: Individual differences and contextual influences
Authors: Scheinbaum Angeline C. , Shah Pratik , Kukar‐Kinney Monika , Copple Jacob 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe growth of online daily deal price promotions and the resulting consumer nonredemption of daily deal coupons is worthy of understanding from a psychological lens of nonconsumption. Whereas there is an emerging literature on daily deals and established literature on barriers to redemption, there exists a gap in where this scholarship intersects. This study provides a conceptual model explaining why consumers purchase daily deal coupons and do not redeem them. We explain consumers’ reasons for buying a daily deal upfront along with their reasons for not using it from theoretical lenses of reasons theory and social motivations theory. On testing the model empirically with qualitative and deepening insight via quantitative methods, the findings reveal that reasons for purchasing daily deals are rooted in individual consumer‐level factors (i.e., price‐consciousness, buying impulsiveness, and susceptibility to interpersonal normative influence). Further, reasons for nonredemption are explained by contextual elements of the daily deal (i.e., offer distinctiveness, the total number of daily deals sold, restrictions on using the deal, and low discount size). Our findings suggest that post‐purchase regret ultimately explains a key reason deals go unused. Marketing implications are offered in the areas of characteristics of daily deal offers.
Spektroelektrochemie – Reaktion, Farbe und Licht
Authors: Habekost Achim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRedoxreaktionen an Elektroden lassen sich elektrochemisch mit Cyclovoltammetrie und gleichzeitig spektroskopisch durch Absorptions‐ oder Lumineszenzmessungen verfolgen. Die Experimente können Lernenden elektrochemische Vorgänge anschaulich machen.
Biomimetic Optical Nanostructures
Authors: Weishaupt Klaus , Diao Zhaolu , Brunner Robert , Spatz Joachim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOptical nanostructures have evolved successfully in nature over millions of years. For example, such nanostructures are found on the compound eyes of night active insects. These “moth‐eye” structures offer extraordinary anti‐reflective (AR) properties and therefore allow the insects to hide from their predators. This concept has been transferred to technical applications and enables artificial AR characteristics on high‐end optical elements with performance advantages not possible with classical layer‐based AR coatings. An appropriate manufacturing technology combines self‐organization of nano‐particles with a reactive ion‐etching process.
Hyperbolic‐singular‐value‐decomposition‐based square‐root accurate continuous‐discrete extended‐unscented Kalman filters for estimating continuous‐time stochastic models with discrete measurements
Authors: Kulikov G. Yu. , Kulikova M. V. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper presents novel square‐root accurate continuous‐discrete extended‐unscented Kalman filtering (ACD‐EUKF) algorithms for treating continuous‐time stochastic systems with discrete measurements. The time updates in such methods are fulfilled as those in the extended Kalman filter whereas their measurement updates are copied from the unscented Kalman filter. All this allows accurate predictions of the state mean and covariance to be combined with accurate measurement updates. The main weakness of this technique is the need for the Cholesky decomposition of predicted covariances derived in time‐update steps. Such a factorization is highly sensitive to numerical integration and round‐off errors committed, which may result in losing the covariance's positivity and, hence, failing the Cholesky decomposition. The latter problem is usually solved in the form of square‐root filtering implementations, which propagate not the covariance matrix but its square root instead. Here, we devise square‐root ACD‐EUKF methods grounded in the singular value decomposition (SVD). The SVD rooted in orthogonal transforms is applicable to any ACD‐EUKF with nonnegative weights, whereas the remaining ones, which can enjoy negative weights as well, are treated by means of the hyperbolic SVD based on J‐orthogonal transforms. The filters constructed are presented in a concise algorithmic form, which is convenient for practical use. Their two particular versions grounded in the classical and cubature unscented Kalman filtering parameterizations are examined in severe conditions of tackling a radar tracking problem, where an aircraft executes a coordinated turn. These are also compared to their non‐square‐root predecessor and other methods within the target tracking scenario with ill‐conditioned measurements.
Epigenetics in age-related macular degeneration: new discoveries and future perspectives
Authors: Gemenetzi M. , Lotery A. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study of epigenetics has explained some of the ‘missing heritability’ of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The epigenome also provides a substantial contribution to the organisation of the functional retina. There is emerging evidence of specific epigenetic mechanisms associated with AMD. This ‘AMD epigenome’ may offer the chance to develop novel AMD treatments.
Attentional Reinforcement Learning in the Brain
Authors: Yamakawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently, attention mechanisms have significantly boosted the performance of natural language processing using deep learning. An attention mechanism can select the information to be used, such as by conducting a dictionary lookup; this information is then used, for example, to select the next utterance word in a sentence. In neuroscience, the basis of the function of sequentially selecting words is considered to be the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop. Here, we first show that the attention mechanism used in deep learning corresponds to the mechanism in which the cerebral basal ganglia suppress thalamic relay cells in the brain. Next, we demonstrate that, in neuroscience, the output of the basal ganglia is associated with the action output in the actor of reinforcement learning. Based on these, we show that the aforementioned loop can be generalized as reinforcement learning that controls the transmission of the prediction signal so as to maximize the prediction reward. We call this attentional reinforcement learning (ARL). In ARL, the actor selects the information transmission route according to the attention, and the prediction signal changes according to the context detected by the information source of the route. Hence, ARL enables flexible action selection that depends on the situation, unlike traditional reinforcement learning, wherein the actor must directly select an action.
Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the microprocessor-controlled knee C-Leg in transfemoral amputees with and without diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kuhlmann Alexander , Krüger Henning , Seidinger Susanne , Hahn Andreas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The safe use of a prosthesis in activities of daily living is key for transfemoral amputees. However, the number of falls varies significantly between different prosthetic device types. This study aims to compare medical and economic consequences of falls in transfemoral amputees who use the microprocessor-controlled knee joint C-Leg with patients who use non-microprocessor-controlled (mechanical) knee joints (NMPK). The main objectives of the analysis are to investigate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of C-Legs in transfemoral amputees with diabetes mellitus (DM) and without DM in Germany.

Methods
A decision-analytic model was developed that took into account the effects of prosthesis type on the risk of falling and fall-related medical events. Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses were performed separately for transfemoral amputees with and without DM. The study took the perspective of the statutory health insurance (SHI). Input parameters were derived from the published literature. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed to investigate the impact of changes in individual input parameter values on model outcomes and to explore parameter uncertainty.

Results
C-Legs reduced the rate of fall-related hospitalizations from 134 to 20 per 1000 person years (PY) in amputees without DM and from 146 to 23 per 1000 PY in amputees with DM. In addition, the C-Leg prevented 15 or 14 fall-related death per 1000 PY. Over a time horizon of 25 years, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was 16,123 Euro per quality-adjusted life years gained (QALY) for amputees without DM and 20,332 Euro per QALY gained for amputees with DM. For the period of 2020–2024, the model predicted an increase in SHI expenditures of 98 Mio Euro (53 Mio Euro in prosthesis users without DM and 45 Mio Euro in prosthesis users with DM) when all new prosthesis users received C-Legs instead of NMPKs and 50% of NMPK user whose prosthesis wore out switched to C-Legs. Results of the PSA showed moderate uncertainty and a probability of 97–99% that C-Legs are cost-effective at an ICER threshold of 40,000 Euro (≈ German GDP per capita in 2018) per QALY gained.

Conclusion
Results of the study suggest that the C-Leg provides substantial additional health benefits compared with NMPKs and is likely to be cost-effective in transfemoral amputees with DM as well as in amputees without DM at an ICER threshold of 40,000 Euro per QALY gained.