bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic impacts of elimination of Onchocerciasis in Abu-Hamed focus, northern Sudan: lessons after elimination
Authors: Ahmed Ayman , Elbashir Anas , Adil Asgad , Alim Asha A. , Mubarak Asia , Abdelrahman Duaa , Mohammed Eilaf , Mohamed Noah Saad , Elaagip Arwa , Zarroug Isam M.A. , Mounkaila Noma , Tahir Hanan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Onchocerciasis is one of the most devastating Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and it is mostly prevalent in Africa. The disease has important heavy social and economic burdens on the infected populations including low productivity, unemployment, social isolation, and stigma. Abu-Hamed focus is the first WHO certified elimination of Onchocerciasis in Africa.Methods: This a cross-sectional study used a well-established questionnaire to investigate the socio-economic impacts of the Onchocerciasis elimination in Abu-Hamed, River Nile State, Sudan in 2015; 512 participants in ten affected communities were interviewed.Results: Our findings revealed that these communities are recovering from the social and economic burden of the diseases, with 90% of the research participants reported general satisfaction about the elimination of the disease in their community, and about 48.3% of them attended secondary school or university. Only 0.6% reported unemployment, and 25.3% and 24.7% of the participants were workers and farmers respectively. Except about the vector biting and nuisance, the majority of the respondents (90%) had no complain after the elimination of the disease in the area. Also, 90.5% of the participants reported either stable or increase in their work performance during the last twelve months. About 93.8% of the respondents were engaged in normal daily activities and involved in happy events like marriage and giving birth during the last twelve months.Conclusions: Overall, we conclude that the elimination of Onchocerciasis in Abu-Hamed has several positive impacts on the economy and social life of Abu-Hamed local communities, but this could be maximized by controlling the vector, which is still having a negative impact on the populations. Establishing local developmental projects will help these communities greatly to recover and become more productive.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes cognitive impairments in heavily infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Jhan Kai-Yuan , Lai Guan-Jhih , Chang Pi-Kai , Tang Ren-Yu , Cheng Chien-Ju , Chen Kuang-Yao , Wang Lian-Chen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundParasitic infections may cause significant effects on behavior, learning, and memory of the hosts. In the brain of mice heavily infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, severe damages have been observed in the hippocampus. This component has been considered to have associations with spatial learning and memory in human and vertebrates. This study was designed to determine the impairments in behavior, learning, and memory in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice heavily infected with the parasite.MethodsEach mouse was inoculated with 50 third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis. After infection, daily changes in weight and dietary consumption, worm recoveries and survival rates were determined. The forced swimming test, open field test, and Morris water maze test were employed to evaluate depression- and anxiety-like behavior as well as impairments in spatial learning and memory, respectively. In addition, in the two strains of mice were also determined.ResultsThe worm recovery rate in the BALB/c mice was significantly lower than that of C57BL/6 mice since day 14 post-infection. The survival rate in infected BALB/c mice decreased to 0% by day 25 whereas those with swim-training survived three more days. On day 42, the C57BL/6 mice had a survival rate of 85.7% in the swimming group and 70% in the non-swimming group. Significant differences were found in weight between infected and non-infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice since day 13 and day 12, respectively with corresponding changes in the dietary consumption. Depression-like behavior was found in the infected BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/6 mice. However, anxiety-like behavior was found to occur only in C57BL/6 mice. Impaired spatial learning and memory were also found in the two strains of mice occurred since day 14 post-infection.ConclusionsResults of this study indicate that A. cantonensis causes depression, anxiety, and impairments in spatial learning and memory in heavily infected mice. Moreover, significantly higher severity was observed in the Th-2 dominant BALB/c mice.
Dynamics of Gene Expression in Mice Infected with Different Genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Yu Li , Shwab Keats , Hill Rachel D , zhu Xing-Quan , Gouffon Julia S , Shen Jilong , Su Chunlei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is genetically diverse and different genotypes differ markedly in phenotype. The present study aims to define transcriptional patterns and biological processes that characterize host response to distinct strains of T. gondii. Methods: We conducted a time course study of gene expression microarray in mice during acute infection (days 1 to 7) with the highly virulent type I (GT1 strain), intermediately virulent type II (PTG strain) and non-virulent type III (CTG strain) parasites. Results: Overall, the number of genes affected increased from day 1 to day 5, and decreased on day 7. However, type III and type II infections up-regulated more genes than did type I at the very early phase, whereas type I infection up-regulated more genes at the late phase. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the genes related to inflammatory and immune response were mostly affected and the majority were up-regulated, with type III infection inducing a higher degree of change and affecting more genes than did type I at the early phase. However, this pattern was reversed at the late phase. The change of expression during type II infection was between that of types I and III. Many genes associated with inflammatory and immune responses showed bimodal effects, with the first peak expression mostly at day 3 and then a second peak expression mostly at day 5. Several differentially expressed genes, including INF-γ, iNOS, CXCL10/IP-10, and numerous immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) and guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) were previously experimentally confirmed important host factors in controlling T. gondii infection. Bioinformatic analysis of biological pathways enriched during infection revealed upregulation of pathways relating to cell-mediated immunity and the inflammatory response during all three infection types, though such enrichment was most expansive and pronounced during type I infection, and much less pronounced during type III infection. Conclusions: The findings in our study revealed dynamic differences of gene expression and different pathways of immune response in mice infected with three distinct strains of T. gondii.
Targeted Imaging of Orthotopic Prostate Cancer by Using Clinical Transformable Photoacoustic Molecular Probe
Authors: Qiu Chen , Yin Tinghui , Bai Yuanyuan , Miao Xiaoyan , Gao Rongkang , Zhou Huichao , Jie Ren , Song Liang , Liu Chengbo , Zheng Hairong , Zheng Rongqin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: To obtain high yield histological samples by targeted PCa biopsy is the current trend compared of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided systematic histological biopsy which is regarded as golden standard for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. In this paper, we present a targeted PCa imaging strategy using real-time molecular photoacoustic imaging system integrated with handheld US probe (PAI/US) and synthesized integrin αvβ3 targeted probe based on ICG (cRGD–ICG).
Results: A small molecular PAI probe was synthesized and proved excellent targeted imaging ability in vitro. In vivo photoacoustic imaging was carried out after intravenous injection of cRGD-ICG in orthotopic PCa bearing beard rats under facilitation of PAI/US system. Maximum molecular photoacoustic signals were observed in the tumor area in vivo post probe injection, which showed 3.8 folds higher signal enhancement than in the control group (P < 0.05, respectively). Significant higher cRGD-ICG accumulation was observed under confocal microscopy in tumor region rather than normal prostate tissue.
Conclusions: All our results showed that the comprehensive strategy provided a high-yield and reliable method for PCa diagnosis and targeted prostate biopsy, with great clinical transforming potential.
Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and the risk of liver cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Ibraheem Wael Ibraheem , Al-Akhali Mohammad Sultan , Shamala Anas , Halboub Esam , Alhajj Mohammed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background A number of epidemiological studies have suggested a positive association between periodontal diseases and oro-digestive cancers, including liver cancer. The present systematic review aimed to assess the potential association between periodontitis and/or tooth loss and the risk of liver cancer.Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted in August 2019. The inclusion criteria comprised all observational studies that assessed the relationship between periodontitis or tooth loss and liver cancer. Case reports, animal studies, experimental studies, and reviews were excluded. Due to great heterogeneity among the included studies, no meta-analysis was conducted.Results Seven studies (five prospective cohorts, one cross-sectional, and one case-control) comprising 620,169 subjects (including 994 liver cancer cases) were included. The studies were conducted in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Four studies reported a positive association between periodontitis or tooth loss and the risk of liver cancer. One case-control study found some association between liver cancer and loss of 12-23 teeth, but such association was not replicated in patients with greater number of tooth loss. Contrarily, two studies failed to report any association between periodontitis and/or tooth loss and the risk of liver cancer.Conclusion The available evidence suggests a possible link between tooth loss/periodontitis and the risk of liver cancer. However, the evidence is not conclusive enough, a fact that drives to conduct more, well-designed, prospective cohort studies to further explore the potential association between periodontitis and the risk of liver cancer.
The effect of regional original income and balance funding on regional government financial performance
Authors: Awwaliyah Noor Farieda , Agriyanto Ratno , Farida Dessy Noor 
Published: December 2019

<p class="IABSSS"><strong>Purpose</strong> - The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of local revenue and intergovernmental revenue on the financial performance of local government.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Method </strong>- This research used Stewardship Theory. The method used is quantitative research method. The method of data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. This research used secondary data. The population in this research is the Regency in Central Java which consists of 29 regencies and 6 cities.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Result</strong> - The results showed that first, local revenue had positive effect on financial performance of local government. Second, intergovernmental revenue had positive effect on financial performance of local government. Third, local revenue and intergovernmental revenue together had influence on financial performance of local government.</p><p class="IABSSS"><strong>Implication</strong> - The practical implication of this research is that the Regency Governments in Central Java are expected to reduce dependence on the central government by optimizing the potential of existing income sources to be able to further improve their financial performance.</p><strong>Originality</strong> - An originality of research is focused on two variables; regional original income and intergovernmental revenue and uses the measurement of independence index for the dependent variable. financing.
Healthy Bakery Composite Mixes
Authors: Nevskaya Ekaterina , Tyurina Irina , Turina Olga , Shulbaeva Margarita , Potapova Marina , Golovacheva Yana 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Bread and bakery are products of mass consumption. However, bread can hardly be considered as a perfectly balanced healthy product. To improve the quality of bread and bakery products, it is necessary to develop new formulations of baking mixes that can improve the nutritional and biological value of the finished product. New varieties of healthier, better quality bread with high nutritional and biological value can improve the diet of the population.
Study objects and methods. The present research featured baking mixes made up of the following components: wheat baking flour, wholemeal barley flour, wholemeal lentil flour, textured lentil flour, brown rice flour, buckwheat flour, wholemeal wheat flour, rye bakery flour, milk whey, and demineralized milk whey. The research employed generally accepted standard methods, as well as the quick dough method.
Results and discussion. The shape stability of the bread was calculated as the ratio of its height to diameter. The research yielded five composite baking mixes: mix 1 – a diabetic mix with barley wholemeal flour; mix 2 – a diabetic mix with buckwheat flour and dry cheese whey; mix 3 – a diabetic mix with buckwheat flour and dry demineralized whey; mix 4 – a mix with lentil wholemeal flour and brown rice wholemeal flour; mix 5 – a mix with textured lentil flour and brown rice wholemeal flour. All five samples demonstrated satisfactory sensory, physical, and chemical quality indicators. The authors also determined nutritional value and percentage from the daily requirements of an adult diet. The results proved that the finished products had a high content of proteins, dietary fibers, and minerals. An analysis of the granulometric composition of the baking composite mixes showed that the particle size varied from 5 to 600 microns. The content of particles in the range from 10 to 50 microns was 30–35% of the total volume. There was no significant difference in the particle size distribution in the samples. The mixes were close to homogeneous, which makes it possible to predict the uniform distribution of prescription components in the storage process and the production of high-quality bakery products.
Conclusions. The obtained characteristics of the developed mixes make it possible to introduce them into the existing technological schemes of bakery production without using special equipment for dosing and storage.
Improvement of Low-Waste Technology of Dairy Raw Material Processing Using New Type Membrane Equipment
Authors: Lobasenko Boris , Kotlyarov Roman , Sazonova Ekaterina , Vagaytseva Elena , Skomorohov Aleksandr 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Rational use of dairy raw materials is important for the national economy. The research objective was to improve the existing technologies of milk raw material processing using new type membrane equipment with polarization layer diversion. The process was mathematically simulated according to the theory of automatic control and transfer functions.
Study objects and methods. The study featured a new installation constructed on the basis of a membrane device with membrane layer diversion. The new equipment can serve as a basis for a novel low-waste and non-waste technology. Unlike traditional membrane apparatus, this one has three flows: a more concentrated polarization layer (concentrate), a core layer of retentat, and a layer of permeat. The mathematical model of the process can describe the behavior of any dynamic system of almost any structure and complexity.
Results and its discussion. The simulation showed that recycling of the diverted concentrate can intensify the concentration. To increase the intensity of membrane concentration in such installations, partial recirculation of the concentrate flow can be recommended, with its subsequent transfer to the main flow. Partial recycling of the retentate flow did not prove effective, as it did no increase the concentration of the final product. However, it can be used for a more complete extraction of the target component. This aspect requires further research.
Conclusions. The paper introduces a new technology that improves the concentration of milk raw materials and possesses practical importance.
Convective-Radiation Drying of Foamed Gelatin Fish Broth
Authors: Makarov Aleksandr , Maksimenko Yuriy , Dyachenko Eduard 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The mechanical characteristics of foam gelatin broth make it a promising material for studying the process of obtaining dry gelatin. The preliminary foaming of the product and the use of infrared (radiation) energy supply during its dehydration can significantly improve the process.
Study objects and methods. The research featured gelatinized gelatin broth prepared from fish wastes. The efficiency of the proposed drying method was assessed by comparative studies of the kinetics and intensity of convective and convective-radiation foam drying. Specific productivity of the process was selected as evaluation criterion.
Results and discussion. The paper introduces a method of convective radiation foam drying of gelatinized fish broth. A set of experiments made it possible to define the optimal process conditions with the maximum yield of dry gelatin, i.e. 0.998 kg/(m2·h): initial concentration of solids in the product C = 0.24 kg/kg; temperature T = 292–295 K, humidity W = 50–60%; the speed of the drying agent v = 4–5 m/s; the initial diameter of the foam rod dI = 0,004 m; the density of the heat flux incident on one side of the rod E = 2.45 kW/m2; the wavelength of infrared emitters λ = 1.01–1.11 microns. The research revealed the effect of the main factors influencing the drying process on the approximating dependences of the specific yield of dry gelatin from a unit area of the working surface per unit of time. The introduction of radiation energy supply into the process of convective foam drying of gelatinized broth under rational conditions was three times as high as the specific productivity of the process. An analysis of the kinetics of convective and convective-radiation drying helped to obtain some functional dependences of the drying speed of the foamed gelatin broth extrusions from the concentration of dry substances in the product for the considered process conditions. An analysis of heat and mass transfer during convective-radiation foam drying was performed using the velocity curves. The nature of the change in the drying rate of the product proved typical of most biopolymers.
Conclusion. The results obtained are applicable in the calculations of the productivity of drying equipment in dry gelatin production and other products with similar complex properties.
Polyurethane Decks in Centrifugal Oat Dehulling
Authors: Mar'in Vasily , Vereshchagin Alexander , Ivanov Andrey 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Oat-meal mills often have a low efficiency ratio of oat grains, which may be improved by new dehulling methods. The present research proved that it is possible to reduce the amount of destroyed cores by replacing elastic steel decks with viscoelastic polyurethane ones. The research objective was to assess the feasibility of using viscoelastic material in oat dehulling.
Study objects and methods. The study featured two size fractions of oats. The grain was harvested in the foothills of the Altai Territory in 2017. A set of comparative tests was performed to define the efficiency of two dehulling machines. One had a standard metal deck, while the other had a deck made of material of A-80-95 ShA and an elastic modulus of 2.8 MPa during the second dehulling.
Results and discussion. The polyurethane deck remained efficient for the first fraction during the second dehulling after 400 tons, for the second fraction – after 1,500 tons. The dehulling coefficient for the polyurethane deck exceeded the results for the metal deck by 12.0% during the second dehulling of the first fraction and by 5.9% during the second peeling of the second fraction. The integrity of the core increased by 34.0% for the first fraction and by 30.0% for the second fraction, which increased the mass fraction of the finished product by 2.9%.
Conclusion. Ppolyurethane decks proved efficient for the second dehulling of the first and second fractions. Their use improved the processing of oat grains into Hercules oat flakes by 3.1%.
Household water treatment using adequate methods in sub-Saharan countries: evidence from 2013–2016 Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Geremew Abraham , Damtew Yohannes Tefera 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In sub-Saharan countries, where a large number of populations depend on unsafe water, household water treatment is the recommended means to reduce diarrhea. However, the practice in the region is very low. The current study is intended to assess the households' water treatment using adequate methods, boiling, adding bleach, filtration and solar disinfection, and associated factors in the region which will be an input to design and implement intervention strategies. The Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data conducted from 2013 to 2016 in 23 sub-Saharan countries were obtained from the DHS program and weighted using the ‘svy’ command for analysis. The households' reported use of treatment methods and associated factors were analyzed using log-binomial regression. In total, 357,979 households were included in the analysis of which 29% used unimproved water for drinking purposes. Households reportedly treating water in the region were 22% and those who used adequate treatment methods were 18%. The households' reported use of adequate treatment methods was statistically associated with household head education, owning a radio and wealth quintiles. The treatment methods' use is low in the region therefore intervention on wide-scale use should be designed and implemented.
Pathophysiology of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CIAKI)
Authors: Vlachopanos Georgios , Schizas Dimitrios , Hasemaki Natasha , Georgalis Argyrios 
Published: December 2019

:Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is a severe complication associated with the use of iodinated contrast media (CM); a sudden but potentially reversible fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) typically occurring 48-72 hours after CM administration. Principal risk factors related with the presentation of CIAKI are preexisting chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. Studies on CIAKI present considerable complexity because of differences in CM type and dose, controversies in definition and baseline comorbidities. Despite that, it should be noted that CIAKI poses a serious health problem because it is a very common cause of hospitalacquired AKI, linked to increased morbidity and mortality and utilizing growing healthcare resources. The pathogenesis of CIAKI is heterogeneous and, thus, is incompletely understood. Three basic mechanisms appear to simultaneously occur for CIAKI development: Renal vasoconstriction and medullary hypoxia, tubular cell toxicity and reactive oxygen species formation. The relative contribution of each one of these mechanisms is unknown but they ultimately lead to epithelial and endothelial cell apoptosis and GFR reduction. Further research is needed in order to better clarify CIAKI pathophysiology and accordingly introduce effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.