bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whispers, echoes, friends and fears: forms and functions of voice‐hearing in adolescence
Authors: Parry Sarah , Varese Filippo 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of voice‐hearing in childhood, research with adolescents aged under 16 years is scarce. Theoretical connections between clinical and developmental conceptualizations of voice‐hearing are limited, resulting in missed opportunities to explore unusual sensory experiences with young people.MethodsDemographic, contextual and qualitative data were collected through a web‐based survey with 68 adolescents (M = 14.91; SD = 2.77) from Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Spain, the United Kingdom and United States of America. A Foucauldian‐informed narrative analysis captured phenomenologically meaningful individual accounts and systemically informed narratives. Analytic layers attended specifically to the form and function of voices, including relational, protective, distressing and nuanced experiences, offering new insights into individual, systemic and cultural interpretative narratives surrounding voice‐hearing to inform research, policy and tailored support.ResultsThe average self‐reported age of onset of voices was 9 years, 5 months. Reciprocal relationships with pleasant voices were evidenced through the narratives and characterization of voices, while distressing voices were described without reciprocity and the voices held greater power over the young person. Positive aspects of negative voices were discussed and are illustrated with a continuum matrix reflecting interpretation and related affect.ConclusionsVoice‐hearing is a heterogeneous and often complex relational experience for young people, with structural inequalities, relational traumas and social isolation attributed causes of voice‐hearing. Developing personal meaning‐making mitigated voice‐related distress through contextualizing the origin of the voices in past experiences, without attribution to mental illness. Recommendations are proposed for assessment, formulation and relational interventions that recognize the potential impact of the voice–child–other relationship upon psychosocial functioning and wellbeing.
Childhood allergy is preceded by an absence of gut lactobacilli species and higher levels of atopy-related plasma chemokines
Authors: Björkander S , Carvalho-Queiroz C , Hallberg J , Persson J-O , Johansson M A , Nussbaum B , Jenmalm M C , Nilsson C , Sverremark-Ekström E 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAlterations in the composition and reduced diversity of the infant microbiome are associated with allergic disease in children. Further, an altered microbiota is linked to immune dysregulation, including skewing of different T helper (Th) subsets, which is also seen in atopic individuals. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the associations between gut lactobacilli and Th-related plasma factors in allergy development during childhood. A total of 194 children with known allergy status at 1 year of age were followed to 10 years of age. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the presence of three lactobacilli species (Lactobacillus casei, L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus) in infant fecal samples (collected between 1 week and 2 months of age) from a subgroup of children. Plasma chemokines and cytokines were quantified at 6 months and at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years of age with Luminex or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fractional exhaled nitrogen oxide (FeNO) was measured and spirometry performed at 10 years of age. The data were analysed by non-parametric testing and a logistic regression model adjusted for parental allergy. An absence of these lactobacilli and higher levels of the chemokines BCA-1/CXCL13, CCL17/TARC, MIP-3α/CCL20 and MDC/CCL22 in plasma at 6 months of age preceded allergy development. The presence of lactobacilli associated with lower levels of atopy-related chemokines during infancy, together with higher levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and lower FeNO during later childhood. The results indicate that the presence of certain lactobacilli species in the infant gut may influence allergy-related parameters in the peripheral immune system, and thereby contribute to allergy protection.
Exploring the motives of Israeli Jews who were living kidney donors to strangers
Authors: Kurleto Paulina , Skorupska‐Król Agnieszka , Broniatowska Elżbieta , Bramstedt Katrina A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon‐directed living donors are individuals who donate a kidney to a recipient with whom they have neither a genetic nor emotional relationship. Israel legalized this type of donation in 2008. After this law was implemented, living donations significantly expanded. The aim of this article was to determine the motivations, characteristics, and perioperative experiences of non‐directed living donors in Israel. Three online questionnaires (own questionnaire, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES), Rushton Self‐Report Altruism Scale) were distributed to 180 Jewish kidney donors with the help of Matnat Chaim organization. One hundred and fifteen responses were received (69.3% response rate). The motivation for most donors (60%) was a strong willingness to help and a desire to do good. The majority of donors (78.3%) reported their health status as unchanged after donation; however, 16.5% experienced clinical problems (eg, wound infection, more pain than expected), and 5.2% experienced psychological complications. About 18% reported their health to improve after donation. Most (80%) inspired someone else to also become a kidney donor. This study breaks the myth that Jews do not support organ donation. In fact, their high level of altruism and their positive experience with donation has propelled the practice of non‐directed donation in Israel.
Nuclear β‐catenin immunoexpression in scars
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Ishikawa Misawo , Aizawa Daisuke , Muramatsu Koji , Naka Miho , Sugino Takashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHistopathologically, scars can mimic superficial fibromatoses. Superficial fibromatoses are known to show nuclear β‐catenin immunoexpression, although the tumor types do not harbor CTNNB1 or APC alterations. This study aimed to evaluate nuclear β‐catenin immunoexpression in scars compared to that in superficial fibromatoses.MethodsImmunostaining with an anti‐β‐catenin antibody, clone 14, was performed on 8 superficial fibromatoses and 22 scars. The extent of β‐catenin nuclear staining was classified as negative (<10%), focally positive (10‐49%), or diffusely positive (50‐100%). β‐catenin staining intensity was semi‐quantitatively graded as weak, moderate, or strong.ResultsIn 21 (95%) scars, nuclear β‐catenin immunoexpression was detected in fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, with mainly diffuse (16/21) and moderate (14/21) to strong (5/21) staining. In contrast, seven (88%) of the eight superficial fibromatoses expressed β‐catenin in the nuclei of the lesional spindle cells, at varying levels of staining intensity. Fibroblasts in normal papillary dermis always showed nuclear β‐catenin expression to varying degrees but those in the reticular dermis did not.ConclusionsScars typically exhibit nuclear β‐catenin expression similar to that in superficial fibromatoses. Thus, β‐catenin immunohistochemistry is not suitable for distinguishing superficial fibromatoses from scars.
Hypoxia‐inducible factors in arteriovenous fistula maturation: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Eroglu Eray , Kocyiğit Ismail , Karakukcu Cigdem , Tuncay Aydin , Zararsiz Gokmen , Eren Davut , Kahriman Guven , Hayri Sipahioglu Murat , Tokgoz Bulent , Tasdemir Kutay , Oymak Oktay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeointimal hyperplasia is the main cause of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) factors are associated with neointimal hyperplasia. Thus, we investigated the association between HIF‐2 alpha (HIF‐2α) and AVF maturation in end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted in 21 voluntary healthy subjects and 50 patients with ESKD who were eligible for AVF creation. Inclusion criteria were being ESKD patients without a history of AVF surgery and dialysis. Eight patients excluded from the study due to having unavailable veins six patients were excluded due to acute thrombosis after surgery. One patient lost to follow‐up. A total of 35 patients were included in final analysis. The blood samples were collected a day before the AVF surgery for biochemical parameters and HIF‐2α measurement. HIF‐2α levels were measured by the ELISA method.ResultsCompared with healthy subjects, ESKD patients had a significantly higher level of HIF‐2α. [1.3 (1.0‐1.9) vs 2.2 (1.6‐3.0)] (P = .002). Patients were divided into two groups after the evaluation of AVF maturation, as the mature group (n = 19) and the failure group (n = 16). Serum HIF‐2α level was 1.7 (1.1‐1.8) in the mature group; however, it was 3.1 (2.8‐3.3 in failure group (P < .001). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that HIF‐2α independently predicted AVF maturation. The ROC curve analysis showed that HIF‐2α > 2.65 predicted AVF maturation failure with the 87% sensitivity and 94% specificity [AUC:0.947, 95% CI (0.815‐0.994), P < .001].ConclusionsHIF‐2‐α levels were higher in ESKD patients than healthy subjects. HIF‐2‐α could be a marker of AVF maturation failure.
A zebrafish model of tuberculosis comorbidity and the effects of HIF‐activating intervention
Authors: Oehlers Stefan H. , Hortle Elinor , Cook Kristina M. 
Published: July 2020

Comorbidities are an important factor in tuberculosis pathophysiology and treatment but are understudied in animal models. Schild et al. present a zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection and wound comorbidity that retains responsiveness to protective hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α activation as an example of a host‐directed therapy. This platform is a new paradigm for the zebrafish–M. marinum infection model and provides a blueprint to test therapeutic interventions on infection and comorbid pathologies.Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15433
Ecological forecasts to inform near‐term management of threats to biodiversity
Authors: Tulloch Ayesha I. T. , Hagger Valerie , Greenville Aaron C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEcosystems are being altered by rapid and interacting changes in natural processes and anthropogenic threats to biodiversity. Uncertainty in historical, current and future effectiveness of actions hampers decisions about how to mitigate changes to prevent biodiversity loss and species extinctions. Research in resource management, agriculture and health indicates that forecasts predicting the effects of near‐term or seasonal environmental conditions on management greatly improve outcomes. Such forecasts help resolve uncertainties about when and how to operationalize management. We reviewed the scientific literature on environmental management to investigate whether near‐term forecasts are developed to inform biodiversity decisions in Australia, a nation with one of the highest recent extinction rates across the globe. We found that forecasts focused on economic objectives (e.g. fisheries management) predict on significantly shorter timelines and answer a broader range of management questions than forecasts focused on biodiversity conservation. We then evaluated scientific literature on the effectiveness of 484 actions to manage seven major terrestrial threats in Australia, to identify opportunities for near‐term forecasts to inform operational conservation decisions. Depending on the action, between 30% and 80% threat management operations experienced near‐term weather impacts on outcomes before, during or after management. Disease control, species translocation/reintroduction and habitat restoration actions were most frequently impacted, and negative impacts such as increased species mortality and reduced recruitment were more likely than positive impacts. Drought or dry conditions, and rainfall, were the most frequently reported weather impacts, indicating that near‐term forecasts predicting the effects of low or excessive rainfall on management outcomes are likely to have the greatest benefits. Across the world, many regions are, like Australia, becoming warmer and drier, or experiencing more extreme rainfall events. Informing conservation decisions with near‐term and seasonal ecological forecasting will be critical to harness uncertainties and lower the risk of threat management failure under global change.
Nitrous oxide fluxes over establishing biofuel crops: Characterization of temporal variability using the cross‐wavelet analysis
Authors: Zeri Marcelo , Yang Wendy H. , Cunha‐Zeri Gisleine , Gibson Christy D. , Bernacchi Carl J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) over croplands are a major source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The precise accounting of sources of N2O is essential to national and global budgets, as well as the understanding of the spatial and temporal relationships with environmental variables such as rainfall, air and soil temperature, and soil moisture. The objective of this work was to investigate the temporal correlations of N2O fluxes with soil and air temperatures, as well as soil moisture. N2O fluxes were measured over four biofuel crops in Central Illinois during their establishment phase. Measurements were carried out from 2009 to 2011 using a trace gas analyzer (TGA) with tunable laser technology. Measurements of concentrations of N2O and CO2 were taken at the center of four plots of maize/soybean rotation, miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and a mixture of native prairie plants. Cumulative fluxes indicate an average emission of nitrogen via N2O fluxes on the order of 1.5 kg N ha−1 year−1, in agreement with chamber measurements previously reported for the site. N2O fluxes were associated with peaks in soil and air temperature, and soil moisture, particularly during spring and winter thaws. Cross‐wavelet analysis was used to investigate the correlation between N2O fluxes and those variables. Results indicate that N2O fluxes and meteorological variables have significant covariance in time scales ranging from 4 to 32 days. In addition, temporal delays of 1–8 days were found in those relationships. Cross‐wavelet patterns were similar when relating N2O fluxes with soil temperature, air temperature and soil moisture. The temporal patterns of fluxes and environmental variables reported here support the modeling of emissions and highlight the importance of considering the timing of fluxes in relation to trends in meteorological variables.
Mouse double minute 2 amplification in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with better outcome
Authors: Jiang Dongxian , Chen Lingli , Huang Jie , Wang Hao , Song Qi , Shi Peng , Wang Haixing , Hou Yingyong 
Published: July 2020

AimsThis study aimed to determine the frequency of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) amplification in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and to clarify its prognostic significance.Methods and resultsWe investigated MDM2 amplification on tissue microarrays using fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and analysed its correlations with clinicopathological features and outcomes in 515 Chinese ESCC patients. MDM2 amplifications were found in 37 of 515 ESCC patients (7.2%). They were significantly negatively correlated with tumour size (P = 0.045), disease progression (P = 0.002) and death (P = 0.003). Univariate analysis showed that the following clinicopathological factors were associated with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS): differentiation (P = 0.025 for DFS and P = 0.061 for OS), vessel invasion (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002), nerve invasion (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001), clinical stage (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) and MDM2 amplification (P = 0.012 and P = 0.014). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that MDM2 amplification was an independent prognostic factor for improved outcomes (P = 0.023 for DFS, P = 0.027 for OS) and the clinical stage was an independent prognostic factor for poor outcomes (P < 0.001). When survival analyses were conducted at different clinical stages, MDM2 amplification was associated with longer DFS and OS in stages I–II ESCC (P = 0.003 for DFS and P = 0.003 for OS), but there was no significant survival difference in stages III–IVa ESCC.ConclusionsMDM2 amplification was significantly correlated with an improved patient outcome, especially in stage I and II disease, and was verified as an independent prognostic factor in our patients. Therefore, MDM2 amplification may be a potential biomarker for risk stratification of the lower stages of ESCC.
Effects of catechins on the polymerisation behaviour, conformation and viscoelasticity of wheat gluten
Authors: Pan Junxian , Zhang Haihua , Liu Jun , Jiang Yulan , Lv Yangjun , Han Jianzhong 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe effects of catechins on the structural properties of wheat gluten were investigated in terms of their polymerisation behaviour, conformation and viscoelasticity. Depolymerisation of glutenin macropolymers was analysed by size‐exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography (SE‐HPLC) of gluten with catechins, revealing major variation in sulfhydryl (SH) content. Compared with controls, the SH content of catechin‐enhanced gluten was significantly increased due to breakage of disulphide (SS) bonds. Reversed‐phase HPLC revealed that catechins had minimal effect on subunit distribution of gliadin and glutenin. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that catechins induced the transformation of α‐helices to β‐sheets, β‐turns and antiparallel β‐sheets. Rearrangement of secondary structure when supplemented with catechins might be a consequence of altered non‐covalent interactions. Catechins increased tan δ, indicating enhanced gluten fluid properties. These results imply that catechins might weaken the network structure of gluten and change the rheological properties by inhibiting SS cross‐linkage formation and influencing non‐covalent bonds.
Some rainbow problems in graphs have complexity equivalent to satisfiability problems
Authors: Hudry Olivier , Lobstein Antoine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a vertex‐colored graph, a set of vertices is said to be a rainbow set if every color in the graph appears exactly once in . We investigate the complexities of various problems dealing with domination in vertex‐colored graphs (existence of rainbow dominating sets, of rainbow locating‐dominating sets, and of rainbow identifying sets), including when we ask for a unique solution: we show equivalence between these complexities and those of the well‐studied Boolean satisfiability problems.
In situ reaction and solid solution induced hardening in (Ti,Zr)B2‐(Zr,Ti)C composites
Authors: Huo Sijia , Wang Yujin , Kong Qingyi , Chen Lei , Yao Mianyi , Gu Hui , Ouyang Jiahu , Fu Yudong , Zhou Yu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract(Ti,Zr)B2‐(Zr,Ti)C ceramics were synthesized by reactive hot‐pressing and solid solution coupling effect using ZrB2 and TiC powders as starting materials. Effects of sintering temperature on phase relations, microstructure and mechanical properties were reported. The equimolar ZrB2 and TiC reactants ensured a complete in situ reaction to form (Ti,Zr)B2 and (Zr,Ti)C solid solutions. The (Ti,Zr)B2‐(Zr,Ti)C composite sintered at 1750°C was fully densified, and exhibited a high hardness of 29.1 GPa due to fine‐grain hardening and solid solution hardening. The optimized comprehensive mechanical properties such as a hardness of 27.9 GPa, a strength of 705 MPa and an indentation fracture toughness of 5.3 MPa m1/2 were achieved in (Ti,Zr)B2‐(Zr,Ti)C composites sintered at 1800°C for 1 hour.
Comparative in silico design and validation of GPS™ CoVID-19 dtec-RT-qPCR test
Authors: Martínez-Murcia A. , Bru G. , Navarro A. , Ros-Tárraga P. , García-Sirera A. , Pérez L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Providing a ready-to-use reverse transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR) method fully validated to detect the SARS-CoV-2 with a higher exclusivity than this shown by early published RT-qPCR designs.

Methods and Results
The specificity of the GPS™ CoVID-19 dtec-RT-qPCR test by analysis of sequence alignments was approached and compared with other RT-qPCR designs. The GPS™ CoVID-19 dtec-RT-qPCR test was validated following criteria of UNE/EN ISO 17025:2005 and ISO/IEC 15189:2012. Diagnostic validation was achieved by two independent reference laboratories, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, (Madrid, Spain), the Public Health England (Colindale, London, UK), and received the label CE-IVD. The GPS design showed the highest exclusivity and passed all parameters of validation with strict acceptance criteria. Results from reference laboratories 100% correlated with these obtained by using reference methods and showed 100% of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions
The CE-IVD GPS™ CoVID-19 dtec-RT-qPCR test, available worldwide with full analytical and diagnostic validation, is the more exclusive for SARS-CoV-2 by far.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Considering the CoVID-19 pandemic status, the exclusivity of RT-qPCR tests is crucial to avoid false positives due to related coronaviruses. This work provides of a highly specific and validated RT-qPCR method for detection of SARS-CoV-2, which represents a case of efficient transfer of technology successfully used since the pandemic was declared.
Feasibility and needs for simultaneous or staged bone augmentation to place prosthetically guided dental implants after extraction or exfoliation of first molars due to severe periodontitis
Authors: Fok Melissa Rachel , Pelekos George , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to retrospectively assess bone volumes, healed ridge topography and possibility to plan prosthetically guided implants (PGI) at least 6 months after extraction or exfoliation of first molars as a consequence of terminal periodontitis (EEFMP).Materials and Methods45 subjects with stage III‐IV periodontitis providing 74 extraction sites (maxillary = 51 and mandibular = 23) were included. The degree of residual periodontal support on each root was assessed by combining periodontal and radiographic data. Digital planning of PGI with 4.8/4.1 mm diameter, 8 mm long, root‐form dental implant and need for bone augmentation (BA) were performed using CBCT with a radiographic stent. Possibility of standard implant placement (STANDARD) and need for simultaneous or staged BA were assessed.ResultsPlanning PGI placement was possible in all cases. For a 4.8 mm diameter implant, STANDARD was possible in 37.8% of the sites, 33.8% required BA at the time of implant placement, and 28.4% required staged BA before PGI. The use of 4.1 mm rather than 4.8 mm diameter implant allowed STANDARD in an additional 8.1% of cases that originally required simultaneous BA/osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE). The level of periodontal bone loss did not predict the complexity of implant placement, but significant differences were observed comparing maxillary with mandibular sites.ConclusionPGI planning at sites with first molar loss due to terminal periodontitis is possible but poses great challenge to rehabilitation, often requiring advanced augmentation procedures and sinus augmentation.