bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of structural and mechanical properties of the temporomandibular joint disc following elastase digestion
Authors: Fazaeli Sepanta , Mirahmadi Fereshteh , Everts Vincent , Smit Theodoor H. , Koolstra Jan H. , Ghazanfari Samaneh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe temporomandibular joint disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure, composed of collagen fibers, elastin fibers, and proteoglycans. Despite the crucial role of elastin fibers in load‐bearing properties of connective tissues, its contribution in temporomandibular joint disc biomechanics has been disregarded. This study attempts to characterize the structural–functional contribution of elastin in the temporomandibular joint disc. Using elastase, we selectively perturbed the elastin fiber network in porcine temporomandibular joint discs and investigated the structural, compositional, and mechanical regional changes through: (a) analysis of collagen and elastin fibers by immunolabeling and transmission electron microscopy; (b) quantitative analysis of collagen tortuosity, cell shape, and disc volume; (c) biochemical quantification of collagen, glycosaminoglycan and elastin content; and (d) cyclic compression test. Following elastase treatment, microscopic examination revealed fragmentation of elastin fibers across the temporomandibular joint disc, with a more pronounced effect in the intermediate regions. Also, biochemical analyses of the intermediate regions showed significant depletion of elastin (50%), and substantial decrease in collagen (20%) and glycosaminoglycan (49%) content, likely due to non‐specific activity of elastase. Degradation of elastin fibers affected the homeostatic configuration of the disc, reflected in its significant volume enlargement accompanied by remarkable reduction of collagen tortuosity and cell elongation. Mechanically, elastase treatment nearly doubled the maximal energy dissipation across the intermediate regions while the instantaneous modulus was not significantly affected. We conclude that elastin fibers contribute to the restoration and maintenance of the disc resting shape and actively interact with collagen fibers to provide mechanical resilience to the temporomandibular joint disc.
LGRs in Skeletal Tissues: An Emerging Role for Wnt‐Associated Adult Stem Cell Markers in Bone
Authors: Doherty Laura , Sanjay Archana 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTLeucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptors (LGRs) are adult stem cell markers that have been described across various stem cell niches, and expression of LGRs and their corresponding ligands (R‐spondins) has now been reported in multiple bone‐specific cell types. The skeleton harbors elusive somatic stem cell populations that are exceedingly compartment‐specific and under tight regulation from various signaling pathways. Skeletal progenitors give rise to multiple tissues during development and during regenerative processes of bone, requiring postnatal endochondral and intramembranous ossification. The relevance of LGRs and the LGR/R‐spondin ligand interaction in bone and tooth biology is becoming increasingly appreciated. LGRs may define specific stem cell and progenitor populations and their behavior during both development and regeneration, and their role as Wnt‐associated receptors with specific ligands poses these proteins as unique therapeutic targets via potential R‐spondin agonism. This review seeks to outline the current literature on LGRs in the context of bone and its associated tissues, and points to key future directions for studying the functional role of LGRs and ligands in skeletal biology. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Examination of a novel measure of trauma‐related drinking to cope
Authors: Hawn Sage E. , Aggen Steven H. , Cusack Shannon E. ,   Spit for Science Working Group, Dick Danielle , Amstadter Ananda B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe present study sought to fill a gap in the current literature by developing a concise self‐report questionnaire assessing drinking motives specific to coping with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This new four‐item questionnaire is called the Trauma Related Drinking questionnaire (TRD).MethodUsing structural equation modeling, the latent structure of the TRD items and how they relate to other variables of interest were explored among a sample of 1,896 college undergraduates from a large public university.ResultsBroadly, we found evidence to suggest that TRD is a more specific measure of drinking to cope motives compared to the commonly used Drinking Motives Questionnaire coping subscale. Additionally, findings demonstrate support for the external validation of TRD, both with regard to PTSD and alcohol consumption and related problems.ConclusionsResults support the use of TRD in future self‐medication research and as a clinically useful screening tool.
Magnetic mesoporous FeCo2O4–Fe3O4 microrods as novel peroxymonosulfate activators for effective metronidazole degradation
Authors: Ren Hejun , Li Chenguang , Han Zhonghui , Li Tingting , Jin Xiong , Zhou Rui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetronidazole (MNZ) is a highly typical representative antibiotic widely occurring in wastewaters. Its release poses potential threats to the environment and human health. Advanced oxidation processes based on heterogeneous catalysis are promising technologies for organic matter removal. In this study, a new type of magnetic mesoporous FeCo2O4–Fe3O4 microrods was prepared and evaluated as catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for metronidazole (MNZ) degradation.RESULTSThe effects of catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, and pH on MNZ degradation were investigated. A 96.8% removal of MNZ (100 mg L−1) was attained in the FeCo2O4–Fe3O4/PMS under the optimum conditions of 4 mM PMS, 0.4 g L−1 FeCo2O4–Fe3O4 loading, pH 7 and 60 min reaction time. The hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4•−) were identified as the primary reactive species attributed to MNZ removal. The plausible mechanism of the catalytic degradation was proposed and assumed to be related to the Co/Fe species that exerted the synergistic effect during reactions. FeCo2O4–Fe3O4 showed excellent reusability and stability, which was testified by the successive degradation experiments. More importantly, FeCo2O4–Fe3O4 exhibited general applicability in eliminating various antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, 2,4‐dichlorophenol, ofloxacin, and tetracycline. The efficiencies of which were 78.8%, 77.1%, 81.3%, and 60.7%, respectively, under identical reaction conditions as MNZ.CONCLUSIONThis study proved that mesoporous FeCo2O4–Fe3O4 microrods are efficient PMS activators and provided a novel strategy for developing FeCo2O4–based catalysts for the removal of organic pollutants from water. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Decreased longitudinal systolic strain rate of the left atrial myocardium as one of the earliest markers of atrial cardiomyopathy in subjects with brief paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hosseini Kaveh , Vasheghani‐Farahani Ali , Hosseinsabet Ali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeBrief paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (BPAF) is defined as episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) lasting less than 30 seconds and can be a sign of atrial cardiomyopathy. We aimed to evaluate left atrial (LA) function in patients with BPAF.MethodsThis cross‐sectional prospective study consecutively recruited 42 patients with BPAF on 24 to 48 hour electrocardiography Holter monitoring. We selected 50 volunteers as the control group after 24 hours electrocardiography Holter monitoring. Two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography was performed to evaluate the longitudinal deformation variables of LA function.ResultsStrain rate during LA reservoir phase was lower (P = .018) in patients with BPAF (2.0 ± 0.4 second−1) than in controls (2.2 ± 0.5 second−1). This difference remained significant after adjustments for left ventricular ejection fraction, LA maximal volume, and diabetes (β = 0.222, P = .036). Strain during LA reservoir, conduit, and contraction phases and strain rate during the conduit and contraction phases were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsThe reservoir function of the LA evaluated by two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography was lower in subjects than that without BPAF.
Free‐Breathing Volumetric Liver and Proton Density Fat Fraction Quantification in Pediatric Patients Using Stack‐of‐Radial MRI With Self‐Gating Motion Compensation
Authors: Zhong Xiaodong , Hu Houchun H. , Armstrong Tess , Li Xinzhou , Lee Yu‐Hsiu , Tsao Tsu‐Chin , Nickel Marcel D. , Kannengiesser Stephan A.R. , Dale Brian M. , Deshpande Vibhas , Kiefer Berthold , Wu Holden H. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundStack‐of‐radial multiecho gradient‐echo MRI is promising for free‐breathing liver quantification and may benefit children.PurposeTo validate stack‐of‐radial MRI with self‐gating motion compensation in phantoms, and to evaluate it in children.Study TypeProspective.PhantomsFour vials with different driven by a motion stage.SubjectsSixteen pediatric patients with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or steatohepatitis (five females, 13 ± 4 years, body mass index 29.2 ± 8.6 kg/m2).Field Strength/SequencesStack‐of‐radial, and 2D and 3D Cartesian multiecho gradient‐echo sequences at 3T.AssessmentUngated and gated stack‐of‐radial proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and maps were reconstructed without and with self‐gating motion compensation. Stack‐of‐radial measurements of phantoms without and with motion were validated against reference 2D Cartesian results of phantoms without motion. In subjects, free‐breathing stack‐of‐radial and reference breath‐hold 3D Cartesian were acquired. Subject inclusion for statistical analysis and region of interest placement were determined independently by two observers.Statistical TestsPhantom results were fitted with a weighted linear model. Demographic differences between excluded and included subjects were tested by multivariate analysis of variance. PDFF and measurements were compared using Bland–Altman analysis. Interobserver agreement was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsUngated stack‐of‐radial inside moving phantom vials showed a significant positive bias of 64.3 s−1 (P < 0.00001), unlike gated results (P > 0.31). Subject inclusion decisions for statistical analysis from two observers were consistent. No significant differences were found between four excluded and 12 included subjects (P = 0.14). Compared to breath‐hold Cartesian, ungated and gated free‐breathing stack‐of‐radial exhibited mean differences of 18.5 s−1 and 3.6 s−1. Mean PDFF differences were 1.1% and 1.0% for ungated and gated measurements, respectively. Interobserver agreement was excellent (ICC for PDFF = 0.99, ICC for = 0.90; P < 0.0003).Data ConclusionStack‐of‐radial MRI with self‐gating motion compensation seems to allow free‐breathing liver and PDFF quantification in children.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
For the sake of my family: Understanding unethical pro‐family behavior in the workplace
Authors: Liu Zhaopeng , Liao Huiyao , Liu Yamei 
Published: June 2020

SummaryUnethical behaviors are prevalent and costly in organizations, and much recent research attention has been paid to different forms of workplace unethical behaviors. We contend that the extant research has overlooked an important form of workplace‐related unethical behaviors: unethical behaviors that are conducted to benefit one's family but which violate societal and organizational moral rules, a construct we label as “unethical pro‐family behavior” (UPFB). Our paper systematically conceptualizes UPFB and develops a scale for it. Drawing upon social cognitive theory, we argue that employees with stronger family financial pressure are more likely to employ moral disengagement mechanisms to deactivate moral self‐regulation, resulting in higher levels of UPFB. Additionally, we argue that the proposed relationship is more pronounced when employees have high family motivation but is mitigated when employees have high organizational identification. Two studies are conducted for this paper. In Study 1 (N = 328 for Sample 1; N = 243 for Sample 2; N = 279 for Sample 3; N = 267 for Sample 4), we demonstrate that our UPFB scale has good construct validity and that our construct is differentiable from relevant constructs. In two time‐lagged survey samples in Study 2 (N = 255 for Sample 1; N = 233 for Sample 2), we find support for our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Anterior pelvic plane tilt poorly estimates the sagittal body alignment due to internal rotation of innominate bone
Authors: Ueno Takuro , Kabata Tamon , Kajino Yoshitomo , Inoue Daisuke , Ohmori Takaaki , Yoshitani Junya , Ueoka Ken , Yamamuro Yuki , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of the rotation of innominate bone on anterior pelvic plane (APP) tilt, the angle formed by the APP, and coronal plane of the body to determine whether the provision of proper information about the sagittal balance of the body by the value of the APP tilt (APPT). In total, 244 patients (171 females, 73 males) who were candidates for total hip or knee arthroplasty, periacetabular osteotomy, or shelf arthroplasty were included. The rotational angle of the innominate bone was quantified using computed tomography images at the level of the anterior superior, and anterior inferior iliac spine, and ischiopubic portion. Clustering analysis was performed to identify subtypes of innominate bone rotation. High, intermediate, and low internal rotational alignment groups were identified in females, characterized by rotational angles. Males were treated as one group, and no intergroup differences were observed in sacral slope (SS) and pelvic incidence. However, intergroup differences in APPT were found, indicating a variation in APPT irrespective of sagittal body balance. A negligible relationship between SS and APPT was observed in the high‐internal‐rotation group, intermediate‐internal‐rotation group, and male group, whereas a moderate correlation found in the low‐internal‐rotation group (r = .59). The results could suggest surgeons that the value of the APPT provides no information on the sagittal balance; therefore, it may be ignored for acetabular component positioning during preoperative planning for total hip arthroplasty.
Effect of pH on properties of golden pompano skin collagen‐based fibril gels by self‐assembly in vitro
Authors: Shi Linfan , Tian Haohao , Wang Yanxia , Hao Gengxin , Chen Jun , Weng Wuyin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDApplication of fish skin collagen has received increasing attention due to mammalian derived diseases and religious limitations. Collagen fibril gel could be formed in vitro through the self‐assembly process. The present study investigated the effect of pH on the self‐assembly in vitro of acid‐solubilized collagen (ASC) from golden pompano skin by determining the turbidity, rheological viscoelasticity, network structure, gel strength, and thermal stability of collagen fibril gel.RESULTSThe isoelectric point of ASC was pH 5.27. The turbidity–time and rheological viscoelasticity results indicate that the collagen self‐assembly rate in vitro at pH 7.0 was the slowest. The rate was accelerated by increasing or decreasing the pH. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the fibril diameters of the collagen fibril gels and the collagenous fibril number in the collagen fiber increased with the pH. The gel strength of the collagen fibril gel prepared at pH 5.0 was 22.06 g and increased up to 220.46 g when pH increased to 8.0. No obvious peaks were observed in the differential scanning calorimetry curves of the collagen fibril gels prepared at pH 5.0, whereas high endothermic peak temperature (Tm) and enthalpy change (ΔH) were found in the collagen fibril gels prepared at pH 6.0–8.0.CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that the physical properties of ASC fibril gels can be improved by increasing the fibril diameter controlled by pH. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Sanitizing after fresh‐cutting carrots reduces the wound‐induced accumulation of phenolic antioxidants compared to sanitizing before fresh‐cutting
Authors: Gastélum‐Estrada Alejandro , Hurtado‐Romero Alejandra , Santacruz Arlette , Cisneros‐Zevallos Luis , Jacobo‐Velázquez Daniel A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring the production of fresh‐cut products, crops are exposed to wounding stress, and as a stress response, phenolic antioxidants are synthesized. This stress response is elicited by extracellular adenosine triphosphate, released from wounded cells and recognized by receptors of unwounded cells. The phenolic antioxidants produced as a stress response are beneficial for human health. However, a common practice in the fresh‐cut industry is the application of washing/sanitizing procedures after cutting. These procedures could be highly detrimental, since they partially remove the wound signal that elicits the biosynthesis of phenolics in plants. In this study, the impact of different washing/sanitizing treatments post‐shredding on the wound‐induced accumulation of chlorogenic acid (CHA) in carrot was evaluated. Peeled carrots were shredded and dipped in aqueous solutions containing chlorine (100 ppm, 2 min), hydrogen peroxide (1.5%, 2 min) or water (2 min). The content of CHA in treated carrots was evaluated before and after 48 h of storage (19 ± 2 °C).RESULTSThe control carrots sanitized only before peeling and shredding showed 4000% higher content of CHA as compared with time 0 h samples. However, carrots treated with washing/sanitizing procedures post‐shredding including water, chlorine and hydrogen peroxide showed a decrease in the accumulation of CHA by 46.9%, 53.6% and 89.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrated that washing/sanitizing procedures applied after fresh‐cutting are potentially detrimental to the wound‐induced accumulation of health‐promoting compounds during storage of fresh produce. Thus, the fresh‐cut industry could consider avoiding washing procedures after cutting and implement alternative sanitizing procedures that avoid the partial removal of the wound signal, such as sanitizing only before cutting. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Measuring the economic contribution of beer festivals on local economies: The case of York, United Kingdom
Authors: Cabras Ignazio , Lorusso Marco , Waehning Nadine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the economic contribution of beer festivals on local economies by analysing the Knavesmire Beer Festival at York, United Kingdom. Using information collected via means of a survey questionnaire and applying Type I multipliers, we estimate the total expenditure generated by visitors within and outside festivals' premises, measuring its impact on the local economy in terms of jobs created and GVA contributions. Findings reveal the impact of the festival on the York economy and the wider brewing industry, providing empirical evidence and original results about the economic contribution that beer festivals can generate at a local level.
Predictors of Attrition Among Young Children Receiving Trauma‐Focused Therapy
Authors: Wamser‐Nanney Rachel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFindings from studies of predominately school‐aged children indicate that few children complete trauma‐focused treatment; however, researchers have not specifically examined risk factors for dropout among young trauma‐exposed children. The purpose of the present study was to investigate risk factors for attrition among young children receiving trauma‐focused therapy. Study participants were 189 treatment‐seeking children aged 3–5 years (M = 4.86 years, SD = 0.71; 54.1% female, 47.7% White) and their nonoffending legal guardian(s). Child and family characteristics, number of traumatic events, and pretreatment posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were examined in relation to two attrition definitions: (a) clinician‐rated dropout and (b) whether the child received an adequate treatment dose (i.e., 12 or more sessions). Although 70.3% of children prematurely terminated therapy per their clinician, a nearly equivalent portion (67.4%) received an adequate treatment dose. Family characteristics were largely not associated with attrition, although residing farther from the clinic was related to clinician‐rated treatment dropout, OR = 0.96. As expected, higher levels of externalizing symptoms were associated with clinician‐rated dropout and inadequate dose status, ORs = .95 and .96, respectively, whereas lower levels of trauma‐related anger were related to clinician‐rated treatment completion, OR = 1.03, and lower levels of PTSS and sexual concerns corresponded with an increased likelihood the child received an inadequate treatment dose, ORs = 1.03 and 1.02, respectively. Thus, child and family factors appear to play a small role in predicting attrition; however, higher levels of externalizing problems and lower levels of PTSS may increase the risk for dropout.
Response to Zalta and Held's “Commentary on the Special Issue on Moral Injury: Leveraging Existing Constructs to Test the Heuristic Model of Moral Injury”
Authors: Litz Brett T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZalta and Held (2020) generated some interesting and potentially useful principles to distinguish moral distress and moral injury, leveraging ideas from our introduction to the Journal of Traumatic Stress special issue on moral injury. In this response, I provide feedback and commentary about the principles generated by Zalta and Held. I also attempt to modify and expand the various principles to accommodate any moral emotion and all possible dimensions of response to exposure to potentially morally injurious experiences.
Plant‐mediated methane transport in emergent and floating‐leaved species of a temperate freshwater mineral‐soil wetland
Authors: Villa Jorge A. , Ju Yang , Stephen Taylor , Rey‐Sanchez Camilo , Wrighton Kelly C. , Bohrer Gil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMethane flux from freshwater mineral‐soil (FWMS) wetlands and its variability among sites is largely modulated by plant‐mediated transport. However, plant‐mediated transport processes are rarely resolved in land surface models and are poorly parametrized for plants commonly found in FWMS wetlands. Here, relationships between methane flux and CO2 uptake, as well as plant conductance of methane were evaluated for three plant species and two characteristic functional types: emergent (narrow‐leaved cattail) and floating‐leaved (American lotus and water lily). We found significant but contrasting correlations between methane flux and CO2 uptake in cattails (r2 = 0.51, slope = −0.16, during morning) and water lily (r2 = 0.32, slope = 0.064, after midday). This relationship was not significant in American lotus, showing that stomata regulation of methane fluxes is species‐specific and not generalizable across the floating‐leaved plant functional type. Conductance of methane per leaf area showed distinct seasonal dynamics across species. Conductance was similar among the floating‐leaved species (6.2 × 10−3 m d−1 in lotus and 7.2 × 10−3 m d−1 in water lily) and higher than conductance in the emergent species (2.7 × 10−3 m d−1). Our results provide direct observations of plant conductance rates and identify the vegetation parameters (leaf area, stomatal conductance) that modify them. Our results further suggest that models of methane emissions from FWMS should parameterize plant‐mediated transport in different plant functional types, scaled by leaf area and with variable seasonal phenological dynamics, and consider possible species‐specific mechanisms that control methane transport through plants.