bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role Identity During the Resuscitation of Trauma Patients
Authors: Stimson Christopher E. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Full trauma team activations (TTAs) are initiated for patients meeting criteria that are indicative of life-threatening injuries. This influx of medical personnel causes crowding, as well as increased noise. Both adverse effects create an environment that is prone to medical errors, miscommunication, and physical limitations reaching the patient.

Methods:
A perception survey was issued to all members of the trauma-resuscitation team. The survey focused on the perception of organization, role identity, communication, crowding, and noise during the resuscitation. Following the conclusions of the survey, a role identity process was initiated. The roles of each team member were preprinted on neon stickers and kept at the door of the trauma bay. Team members were required to don a sticker to be in the resuscitation room. Seven months after the initiation of this process, the original survey was reissued.

Results:
A total of 141 team members completed the preimplementation survey, and 96 completed the postimplementation survey. A significant difference was found in the perception of less noise (p = .009) and improved communication (p =.005) during the trauma resuscitation. No significant difference was determined regarding the perception of organization (p = .175) or improvement in knowing the roles of all the team members (p = .090).

Conclusion:
Having a mechanism to identify the members of the trauma team during a full TTA resuscitation has shown to limit overcrowding, improve communication, and decrease noise during trauma resuscitation. This mechanism ensures appropriate personnel are present during this phase of the critically injured patient.
COVID-19 Presenting With Confusion: An Unusual but Suggestive Electroencephalography Pattern of Encephalitis
Authors: Affes Zied , Bouvard Eric-Jean , Levy Pierre , Dussaule Claire , Grateau Gilles , Haymann Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2020

Summary:
A 78-year-old man was admitted for acute confusion. At initial investigation physical examination, blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests were unremarkable and EEG showed synchronous bifrontal periodic discharges, an evocative pattern of encephalitis. Coronavirus disease 2019 was diagnosed later after fever onset. Isolated mild confusion may thus be an initial clinical picture of Coronavirus disease 2019 infection.
A Two-Region SEIR COVID-19 Epidemic Model for the Island of Ireland
Authors: Grannell James J. , Grannell James R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe island of Ireland consists of two countries, Ireland and Northern Ireland, which are separated by a land border. We develop a model for the COVID-19 epidemic which consists of two SEIR models, one for each country, coupled through border interaction terms. The model incorporates symptomatic and presymptomatic infectives, but not asymptomatic infectives, together with a simple isolation/quarantine model. The objective of the work is to explore how the two-region epidemic could evolve by examining selected regions of parameter space. In this context we examine the effect of the border status on evolution of the epidemic. We found that, even though the border interaction parameters are relatively small, the open border could significantly affect the course of the epidemic in some of the scenarios studied. We also looked for and found examples of sensitive dependence on several parameters.
RAPPID: a platform of ratiometric bioluminescent sensors for homogeneous immunoassays
Authors: Ni Yan , Rosier Bas J.H.M. , van Aalen Eva A. , Hanckmann Eva T.L. , Biewenga Lieuwe , Pistikou Anna-Maria Makri , Timmermans Bart , Vu Chris , Roos Sophie , Arts Remco , Li Wentao , de Greef Tom F.A. , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Bosch Berend-Jan , Merkx Maarten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous immunoassays such as ELISA have become indispensable in modern bioanalysis, yet translation into easy-to-use point-of-care assays is hindered by their dependence on external calibration and multiple washing and incubation steps. Here, we introduce RAPPID (RatiometricPlug-and-Play Immunodiagnostics), a “mix-and-measure” homogeneous immunoassay platform that combines highly specific antibody-based detection with a ratiometric bioluminescent readout that can be detected using a basic digital camera. The concept entails analyte-induced complementation of split NanoLuc luciferase fragments, photoconjugated to an antibody sandwich pair via protein G adapters. We also introduce the use of a calibrator luciferase that provides a robust ratiometric signal, allowing direct in-sample calibration and quantitative measurements in complex media such as blood plasma. We developed RAPPID sensors that allow low-picomolar detection of several protein biomarkers, anti-drug antibodies, therapeutic antibodies, and both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. RAPPID combines ratiometric bioluminescent detection with antibody-based target recognition into an easy-to-implement standardized workflow, and therefore represents an attractive, fast, and low-cost alternative to traditional immunoassays, both in an academic setting and in clinical laboratories for point-of-care applications.
Interpretation of network-based integration from multi-omics longitudinal data
Authors: Bodein Antoine , Scott-Boyer Marie-Pier , Perin Olivier , Lê Cao Kim-Anh , Droit Arnaud 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCost reduction of high-throughput technologies has enabled the monitoring of the same biological sample across multiple omics studies and multiple timepoints. The goal is to combine longitudinal multi-omics data to detect temporal relationships between molecules and interactions between omics layers. This can finally lead to uncover new regulation mechanisms and interactions that could be responsible for causing complex phenotype or disease. However multi-omics integration of diverse omics data is still challenging due to heterogeneous data and designs. Moreover, interpretation of multi-omics models is the key to understand biological systems.We propose a generic analytic and integration framework for multi-omics longitudinal datasets that consists of multi-omics kinetic clustering and multi-layer network-based analysis. This frame-work was successfully applied to two case studies with different experimental designs and omics data collected. The first case studied transcriptomic and proteomic changes during cell cycle in human HeLa cells, while the second focused on maize transcriptomic and metabolomic response to aphid feeding. Propagation analysis on multi-layer networks identifies regulatory mechanisms and function prediction for both case studies.Our framework has led to the identification of new multi-layer interactions involved in key biological functions that cannot be revealed with single omics analysis and interplay in the kinetics that could help identify novel biological mechanisms.
Characterization of Nonmotor Symptoms in the MitoPark Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Langley Monica R. , Ghaisas Shivani , Palanisamy Bharathi N. , Ay Muhammet , Jin Huajun , Anantharam Vellareddy , Kanthasamy Arthi , Kanthasamy Anumantha G 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The MitoPark mouse, a transgenic mitochondrial impairment model developed by specific inactivation of TFAM in dopaminergic neurons, spontaneously exhibits progressive motor deficits and neurodegeneration, recapitulating several features of PD. Since non-motor symptoms are now recognized as important features of the prodromal stage of PD, we monitored the clinically relevant motor and nonmotor symptoms from ages 8-24 wks in MitoPark mice and their littermate controls. As expected, motor deficits in MitoPark mice began around 12-14 wks and became severe by 16-24 wks. Interestingly, male MitoPark mice showed spatial memory deficits before female mice, beginning at 8 wks and becoming most severe at 16 wks, as determined by Morris water maze. When compared to age-matched control mice, MitoPark mice exhibited olfactory deficits in novel and social scent tests as early as 10-12 wks. MitoPark mice between 16-24 wks spent more time immobile in forced swim and tail suspension tests, and made fewer entries into open arms of the elevated plus maze, indicating a depressive and anxiety-like phenotype, respectively. Importantly, depressive behavior as determined by immobility in forced swim test was reversible by antidepressant treatment with desipramine. Collectively, our results indicate that MitoPark mice progressively exhibit deficits in cognitive learning and memory, olfactory discrimination, and anxiety-and depression-like behaviors. Thus, MitoPark mice can serve as an invaluable model for studying motor and non-motor symptoms in addition to studying pathology in PD.
Converging molecular evolution in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Engen Caroline , Hellesøy Monica , Dowling Tara Helén , Eldfors Samuli , Ferrell Brent , Gullaksen Stein-Erik , Popa Mihaela , Brendehaug Atle , Karjalainen Riikka , Mejlænder-Andersen Eline , Majumder Muntasir Mamun , Porkka Kimmo , Hovland Randi , Bruserud Øystein , Irish Jonathan , Heckman Caroline , McCormack Emmet , Gjertsen Bjørn T. 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Here, we decipher the disease composition of a single AML patient through longitudinal sampling scrutinized by high-resolution genetic and phenotypic approaches, including sequencing, immunophenotyping, ex vivo drug sensitivity testing and establishment of patient-derived xenograft models. Throughout the disease course we identified patterns of both divergent and convergent molecular evolution within the leukemic compartment. We identified at least six discrete leukaemia initiating cell populations, of which five were characterised by known recurrent mutations in AML. These populations partly correlated with immunophenotypically defined cell subsets, drug sensitivity profiles and population-specific potential for engraftment in immunodeficient mice. Our results indicate that the genetic and phenotypic development are closely intertwined, and that diversity in the leukaemic gene-environment likely influences disease trajectories.SIGNIFICANCENovel therapeutic approaches in AML are characterised by targeting molecular mechanisms thought to drive leukemogenesis, but emergent evidence suggests that intra-leukemic composition may be more diverse than previously appreciated. Through in-depth genetic and phenotypic characterization of the disease course of a single AML patient, we demonstrate a high degree of inter-individual complexity that exceeds the prevailing disease conception. The temporal molecular landscape of this patient suggests that leukemogenic transitions may not be categorically monoclonal. Patterns of converging molecular evolution further imply that higher levels of biological organisation than the molecular machinery of single cells may influence leukemogenic trajectories. Disease dynamics, relational properties and causal contribution from several levels of biological organization comes into conflict with the linear monocausal explanatory model on which precision oncology is largely built. This may have implications for current precision oncology oriented prectices, including molecular categorization, molecular therapeutic targeting and predictive models.
Delirium and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: an Institutional Case Series
Authors: Ragheb Jacqueline , McKinney Amy , Zierau Mackenzie , Brooks Joseph , Hill-Caruthers Maria , Iskander Mina , Ahmed Yusuf , Lobo Remy , Mentz Graciela , Vlisides Phillip E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the clinical course of delirium for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit, including post-discharge cognitive outcomes.Patients and MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (n=148) admitted to an intensive care unit at Michigan Medicine between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2020. A validated chart review method was used to identify presence of delirium, and various measures (e.g., Family Confusion Assessment Method, Short Blessed Test, Patient-Health Questionnaire-9) were used to determine neuropsychological outcomes between 1-2 months after hospital discharge.ResultsDelirium was identified in 108/148 (73%) patients in the study cohort, with median (interquartile range) duration lasting 10 (4 – 17) days. In the delirium cohort, 50% (54/108) of patients were African American, and delirious patients were more likely to be female (76/108, 70%) (absolute standardized differences >.30). Sedation regimens, inflammation, deviation from delirium prevention protocols, and hypoxic-ischemic injury were likely contributing factors, and the most common disposition for delirious patients was a skilled care facility (41/108, 38%). Among patients who were delirious during hospitalization, 4/17 (24%) later screened positive for delirium at home based on caretaker assessment, 5/22 (23%) demonstrated signs of questionable cognitive impairment or cognitive impairment consistent with dementia, and 3/25 (12%) screened positive for depression within two months after discharge.ConclusionPatients with COVID-19 commonly experience a prolonged course of delirium in the intensive care unit, likely with multiple contributing factors. Furthermore, neuropsychological impairment may persist after discharge.
Continuing Medical Education Underrepresents United States’ Leading Public Health Concerns
Authors: Berry Nicholas A. , Fumo Nicole E. , Berry Bruce B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionContinuing medical education (CME) is beneficial to physicians in managing public health problems, yet CME courses rarely address these topics. The purpose of our study was to assess whether leading public health problems, in alignment with their burdens on society, have a proportionate amount of CME opportunities for healthcare professionals.MethodsWe reviewed all of the CME courses offered by the top 10 research and top 10 primary care medical schools from January 1, 2019 through June 30, 2019 for CME hours directed toward the leading public health problems: obesity, smoking, substance abuse, heart disease, COPD, lung cancer, back pain, depression, and diabetes.ResultsOf 9355 total CME course hours, dedicated course time, along with the number of individuals affected, and the cost to society, respectively were: obesity 118 (1.3%) hours, 93 million, $147 billion, tobacco cessation 75 (0.8%) hours, 34 million, $300 billion, and substance abuse 157 (1.7%) hours, 43 million, $300 billion.DiscussionPublic health problems were grossly underrepresented in the amount of dedicated course time compared to their burden on society. More CME courses offerings addressing management of the leading public health problems would likely reduce the burden of illnesses associated with those conditions.
Transcriptional Network Orchestrating Regional Patterning of Cortical Progenitors
Authors: Ypsilanti Athéna R , Pattabiraman Kartik , Catta-Preta Rinaldo , Golonzhka Olga , Lindtner Susan , Tang Ke , Jones Ian , Abnousi Armen , Juric Ivan , Hu Ming , Shen Yin , Dickel Diane E , Visel Axel , Pennachio Len A , Hawrylycz Michael , Thompson Carol , Zeng Hongkui , Barozzi Iros , Nord Alex S , Rubenstein John 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYWe uncovered a transcription factor (TF) network that regulates cortical regional patterning. Screening the expression of hundreds of TFs in the developing mouse cortex identified 38 TFs that are expressed in gradients in the ventricular zone (VZ). We tested whether their cortical expression was altered in mutant mice with known patterning defects (Emx2, Nr2f1andPax6), which enabled us to define a cortical regionalization TF network (CRTFN). To identify genomic programming underlying this network, we performed TF ChIP-seq and chromatin-looping conformation to identify enhancer-gene interactions. To map enhancers involved in regional patterning of cortical progenitors, we performed assays for epigenomic marks and DNA accessibility in VZ cells purified from wild-type and patterning mutant mice. This integrated approach has identified a CRTFN and VZ enhancers involved in cortical regional patterning.
Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Insights from a Population-based Serological Survey
Authors: Bi Qifang , Lessler Justin , Eckerle Isabella , Lauer Stephen A , Kaiser Laurent , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Cummings Derek AT , Flahault Antoine , Petrovic Dusan , Guessous Idris , Stringhini Silvia , Azman Andrew S. ,   for the SEROCoV-POP Study Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnowing the transmissibility of asymptomatic infections and risk of infection from household- and community-exposures is critical to SARS-CoV-2 control. Limited previous evidence is based primarily on virologic testing, which disproportionately misses mild and asymptomatic infections. Serologic measures are more likely to capture all previously infected individuals.ObjectiveEstimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from household and community exposures, and identify key risk factors for transmission and infection.DesignCross-sectional household serosurvey and transmission model.SettingGeneva, SwitzerlandParticipants4,524 household members ≥5 years from 2,267 households enrolled April-June 2020.MeasurementsPast SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed through IgG ELISA. Chain-binomial models based on the number of infections within households used to estimate the cumulative extra-household infection risk and infection risk from exposure to an infected household member by demographics and infector’s symptoms.ResultsThe chance of being infected by a SARS-CoV-2 infected household member was 17.3% (95%CrI,13.7-21.7%) compared to a cumulative extra-household infection risk of 5.1% (95%CrI,4.5-5.8%). Infection risk from an infected household member increased with age, with 5-9 year olds having 0.4 times (95%CrI, 0.07-1.4) the odds of infection, and ≥65 years olds having 2.7 (95%CrI,0.88-7.4) times the odds of infection of 20-49 year olds. Working-age adults had the highest extra-household infection risk. Seropositive asymptomatic household members had 69.6% lower odds (95%CrI,33.7-88.1%) of infecting another household member compared to those reporting symptoms, accounting for 14.7% (95%CrI,6.3-23.2%) of all household infections.LimitationsSelf-reported symptoms, small number of seropositive kids and imperfect serologic tests.ConclusionThe risk of infection from exposure to a single infected household member was more than three-times that of extra-household exposures over the first pandemic wave. Young children had a lower risk of infection from household members. Asymptomatic infections are far less likely to transmit than symptomatic ones but do cause infections.Funding SourceSwiss Federal Office of Public Health, Swiss School of Public Health (Corona Immunitas research program), Fondation de Bienfaisance du Groupe Pictet, Fondation Ancrage, Fondation Privée des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, and Center for Emerging Viral Diseases.
Reciprocal lateral hypothalamic and raphé GABAergic projections promote wakefulness
Authors: Gazea Mary , Furdan Szabina , Sere Péter , Oesch Lukas , Molnár Benedek , Di Giovanni Giuseppe , Fenno Lief E. , Ramakrishnan Charu , Mattis Joanna , Deisseroth Karl , Dymecki Susan M. , Adamantidis Antoine R. , Lőrincz Magor L. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe lateral hypothalamus (LH), together with multiple neuromodulatory systems of the brain, such as the dorsal raphé nucleus (DR), is implicated in arousal, yet interactions between these systems are just beginning to be explored. Using a combination of viral tracing, circuit mapping, electrophysiological recordings from identified neurons and combinatorial optogenetics in mice, we show that GABAergic neurons in the LH selectively inhibit GABAergic neurons in the DR resulting in increased firing of a substantial fraction of its neurons that ultimately promotes arousal. These DRGABAneurons are wake active and project to multiple brain areas involved in the control of arousal including the LH, where their specific activation potently influences local network activity leading to arousal from sleep. Our results show how mutual inhibitory projections between the LH and the DR promote wakefulness and suggest a complex arousal control by intimate interactions between long-range connections and local circuit dynamics.
Assessing the effectiveness of the “I Can Feel Good” programme mindfulness module for a group of detained intellectually disabled patients
Authors: Craven Rachel , Shelton Lyn 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the Mindfulness module of the “I Can Feel Good” programme, an adapted dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) informed skills programme for a group of intellectually disabled offenders (IDOs).

Design/methodology/approach
The programme module was delivered to a group of five male IDOs detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 (Revised 2007) at an intellectual disability (ID) rehabilitation hospital based in the UK. The mindfulness module was 12 sessions in length, and it was evaluated using the emotional problems scale (EPS) and the cognitive and affective mindfulness scale-revised (CAMS-R) self-assessment and observational scale. These measures were administered pre- and post-module and used the staff report scales as a primary source of evaluation.

Findings
Non-parametric testing revealed that there was a reduction in scores post module on the externalising behaviour problem scale of the EPS and increased scores on the CAMS-R observational scale, which would indicate clinical improvement in the IDO’s behavioural presentation, although it was not statistically significant. The internalising behaviour problem scale showed increased signs of anxiety post module, this could be related to increased self-awareness. The CAMS-R self-reported measure indicated reduced mindfulness qualities following the module.

Originality/value
The results indicate that following the mindfulness module, there was a reduced level of challenging behaviour displayed by the patients with increased signs of emotional regulation. There was also an observed reduction in symptoms of depression and low self-esteem post module.