bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Of Blood Processed By Cell Saver In Pediatric Scoliosis
Authors: García Elena , Rey Pilar Del , Martínez Ernesto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction We study the hematological and microbiological characteristics from the autologous blood processed through the intraoperative cell saver used in our centre (Orthopat®) during the correction of pediatric scoliosis, which is known to be a potentially bleeding surgery. Material and methods Descriptive analysis of 31 patients undergoing pediatric scoliosis surgery. All of them received blood processed by cell saver intraoperatively. The variables collected were: demographic data, volume of the autogenous red blood cell (RBC) concentrate, blood count, biochemistry, blood culture, preoperative and postoperative blood tests of the patients, incidence of fever during reinfusion of RBC concentrate, postoperative surgical site infections and length of hospital stay. Results Average volume obtained 288.06ml (sd 154.68). Hematocrit 70.38% (ds 10.03) in accordance with cell-saver commercial data (75%). Of the blood samples obtained, 42.86% had blood cultures that were positive for aerobes and 48.28% for anaerobes. The relation between postoperative infections and contamination of blood concentrates was not statistically significant. When comparing the pre-surgery and post-surgery analytical samples, statistically significant differences (p <0.05) were found in the following: hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased in the postoperative period, while coagulation parameters show a tendency to coagulopathy.Conclusion Our cell saver obtains RBC concentrates with a percentage of hematocrit in agreement with available information. The reinfusion of them is safe from an infectious and biochemical point of view, but its immunological implications are not clear. This surgery continues to result in a significant loss of blood. Measures taken to avoid allogenic transfusions remain necessary and should be enhanced.
Primary Dysmenorrhoea: Prevalence and Knowledge assessment in 10 – 18-year-old Syrian female teenagers: A cross-sectional study with pre-post analysis.
Authors: Alhoulaiby Sami , Alkhaledi Ahmad , Isstaif Juman , Yafi Ruba Zuhri , Alkassas Omar , Alakrad Nawwar , Alhalabi Marwan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Gynaecological complaints and primary dysmenorrhoea among young females are usually managed using popular myths, and have a wide spectrum of consequences on everyday life. Methods: A cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and basic knowledge, with a pre-post analysis after the intervention was applied. The study was carried in randomly selected female public schools in Damascus on a randomly selected sample of female students aging between 10 and 18 years old. We used a self-report questionnaire immediately before the awareness sessions and two weeks later. The questionnaire included multiple-choice questions on various aspects of the menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhoea and common myths in the Syrian society. The data were analyzed using SPSS ® , Microsoft Excel ® , and Microsoft Access ® software. Results: A total of 579 vs. 261 female students participated. The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 87.2%. Only 47.3% of participants knew the correct origin of menstruation blood, and most of them did not consult a doctor regarding the pain (91.6%). The answers were weighed and compared, resulting in an insignificant p-value for the students’ knowledge after the awareness campaign (p = 0.687, CI = 95%). Discussion and conclusion: Dysmenorrhoea is highly prevalent among Syrian school students. The modest knowledge on this condition, the use of home remedies and the insignificant improvement after the sessions indicate the need to focus on creatively improving information delivery methods in a long sustainable timeframe.
Cost-benefit analysis of malaria elimination phase surveillance measures in Fujian Province
Authors: Huang Chun-yan , Zhang Shan-ying , Chen Zhu-yun , Xie Han-guo , Yang Rong Ou 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria is an insect-borne infectious disease that spreads through bites from infected Anopheles mosquitos or blood transfusions from infected individuals. The disease seriously endangers human life, health, and social and economic development. Against the backdrop of eliminating malaria in Fujian Province, studying the health economics of the surveillance measures for the malaria elimination stage is necessary and essential.MethodsEpidemic data from Fujian Province’s malaria elimination stage from 2005 to 2019 were collected, sorted, and combined with the operation manual and working characteristics of the malaria surveillance program in Fujian Province. The inputs and outputs of malaria surveillance were analyzed by a cost-benefit analysis.ResultsThe cost of the surveillance measures during the 2005–2019 malaria elimination phase was approximately 48.1635 million yuan per year. The cost ratios were as follows: case detection and treatment accounted for 71.53%; health education accounted for 12.28%; epidemic surveillance accounted for 8.84%; supervision and assessment accounted for 4.48%; and training meetings accounted for 2.87%. Fujian Province achieved an average annual total benefit of 7.22 billion yuan at the stage of malaria elimination, of which the economic benefit accounted for 44.26% (about 3.195 billion yuan), and the social benefit accounted for 55.74% (about 4.425 billion yuan). The cost of malaria surveillance per capita was 1.28 yuan and the benefits of malaria surveillance per capita were 192.23 yuan. The net social benefit of malaria surveillance in this stage was 717,200 yuan and the average annual benefit-cost ratio was 149.91:1.ConclusionOver the past 15 years, malaria control work in Fujian Province has achieved excellent economic and social benefits. The work should continue strengthening the surveillance and control of imported malaria cases, increasing health education in high-risk locations (such as those frequented by entry-exit personnel), and enhancing residents’ awareness about prevention and personal protection. The emphasis should also be on improving the cost-benefit ratio for malaria surveillance and consolidating the achievements of eliminating malaria. The framework and results of this study conform to the principles of health economics, and they have a certain reference value for current malaria surveillance practices.
Quality of antenatal care experience in rural Bangladesh: social support, respect, dignity, communication and counselling
Authors: Mhajabin Shema , Perkins Janet , Siddique Abu Bakkar , Mazumder Tapas , Hossain Aniqa Tasnim , Arifeen Shams El , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Quality antenatal care (ANC) can contribute to reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Very little information is available on the experience of care during ANC contacts in Bangladesh. This study aims to understand social support received by women, their experience of respect and dignity, and quality of communication and counselling during ANC contacts in rural Bangladesh for improving the quality of ANC services.
Methods

A cross-sectional household survey was administered in three upazillas (sub-districts) of Bangladesh in 2018. We defined the experience of care as reported by women using three indicators: social support received, respect and dignity experienced, quality of communication and counselling. Associations between explanatory and outcome variables were explored through binary and multiple logistic regression models controlling for background characteristics and health system contacts.
Findings:

Most women (79%) reported having any social support during their ANC contacts, i.e. someone was present during the ANC contact. More than half the women desired their husbands’ presence during their ANC contact while only one-fourth of the husbands were present. Experiences regarding different aspects of respect and dignity were mixed. Almost all women reported that their visual (94%) and auditory privacy (94%) were maintained. However, only in 58% of the ANC contacts the health service providers sought permission before carrying physical examination. Less than half of the women reported that the health services listened to their problems, assessed the overall situation and encouraged women to take part in the discussion during ANC counselling. After adjusting for background characteristics and other covariates, the odds of experiencing respect and dignity and the odds of receiving quality communication and counselling were significantly higher (AOR 1.9 and 16 respectively at p < 0.5) when the women were accompanied by someone during ANC contact.
Conclusion

Ensuring quality ANC in Bangladesh required focusing on addressing the existing gaps in the experience of care for a positive pregnancy experience. This study presents the importance of social support in improving the experience of care and suggests further research to identify effective interventions for the integration of quality of care components in this context.
Perceptions on preeclampsia and eclampsia among older women in rural southwestern Uganda
Authors: Nabulo Harriet , Ruzaaza Gad , Mugabi Francis , Bajunirwe Francis 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Eclampsia is among the leading causes of maternal mortality. It is a serious hypertensive (HT) complication of pregnancy and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. Pregnancy-related HT complications predispose to chronic hypertension and premature heart attacks. A significant proportion of women with preeclampsia/eclampsia does not reach the formal healthcare system or arrive too late because of certain African cultural beliefs about the condition. The older senior women in the community play a significant role in decision making regarding where mothers should maternal health care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of older women regarding the manifestation of, risk factors and possible causes of preeclampsia/eclampsia.
Methods

We conducted a qualitative study in a rural area in southwestern Uganda. The key informants were older women including community elders, village health team members and traditional birth attendants who were believed to hold local knowledge and influence on birth and delivery. We purposively selected key informants (KI) and data were collected till we reached saturation point. We analyzed data using a combined inductive and deductive approach to identify themes. Analysis was completed using N-Vivo version 12.
Results

We interviewed 20 key informants. Four themes emerged namely: traditional local naming, causes and risk factors, remedies, and effects of preeclampsia/eclampsia. There was no identifiable local name from the interviews. Women carried several myths regarding the cause and these included little blood, witchcraft, stress from marital tension and ghost attacks. The remedies identified included herbal treatment, prayers and corrective nutrition. Women were generally aware of the outcomes of eclampsia.
Conclusion

Eclampsia is associated with significant myths and misconceptions in this rural community. We recommend interventions to increase awareness and dispel the myths and misconceptions regarding eclampsia in the community.
Medicinal plants used by herbalists in the treatment of snakebites envenomation in the Acholi, Teso and Karamoja sub-regions of Uganda
Authors: Okot David Fred , Godwin Anywar , Namukobe Jane , Byamukama Robert 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

There is high mortality and morbidity due to poisonous snakebites globally, with Sub Saharan African having one of the highest rates. However, Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP) have been treating snakebites in Uganda for long. However, few studies have been conducted to document such vital traditional indigenous knowledge before its lost. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plant species used by experienced TMP in treating snake envenomation in selected post-conflict parts of northern Uganda.
Methods

An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted in Serere, Kaberamaido and Kaabong districts in Uganda. Twenty-five TMP with expertise in treating snakebites were purposively identified using the snowball technique, and interviewed using semi structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics.
Results

Sixty plant species from 28 families were documented with high consensus among the isolated Ik community in Kaabong district. Most of the plant species used belonged to the Asteraceae and Fabaceae families with eight species each. Additionally, the genus Echinops was the most well represented with three species. The most commonly used plant species by frequency of citation were: Steganotaenia araliaceae (16), Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) and Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel (13), Aframomum mildbraedii Loes. (11), Jasminum schimperi Vatke, Cyathula uncinulata (Schrad) Schinz (10), Crinum macowanii Baker and Cyphostemma cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm (10). S. araliaceae which was mentioned by all the TMP in the Ik community was used as first aid. Most of the plant species were harvested from the wild (68.75%) and were herbs (65.0%) and trees (23.3%). The most commonly used plant parts were roots (42.6%) and leaves (25.0%). Thirteen different methods of preparation and administration were used. Most of herbs were administered orally (61.2%), and topically (37.6%). The commonest methods of oral application were cold water infusions (32.5%) and decoctions (21.7%).
Conclusions

TMP widely use several medicinal plant species for treating snakebites envenomation in the selected post-conflict sub-regions of Acholi, Teso and Karamoja in Uganda
Sex differences in Associations of Fine Particulate Matter with Non-accidental Deaths: An Ecological Time-Series Study
Authors: Xia Tian , Fang Fang , Montgomery Scott , Fang Bo , Wang Chunfang , Cao Yang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Sex differences in the impact of exposure to air pollution have been reported previously and epidemiological studies indicate that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) effects on non-accidental death are modified by sex, however, the results are not conclusive. This study aimed to investigate the sex difference in the effects of PM2.5 on non-accidental death, considering the nonlinear exposure-response relationships between PM2.5 and smoking and death.Methods: Information on daily non-accidental deaths, air pollution, meteorological data, and smoking prevalence between 1 January, 2012 and 31 December, 2014 was obtained in Shanghai, China. Constrained generalized additive models were used to assess the association of interaction between sex and daily PM2.5 concentrations with daily non-accidental deaths, adjusting for weather type and smoking rate. A two-week lag analysis was conducted as a sensitivity analysis.Results: During the study period, the total number of non-accidental deaths in Shanghai was 336,379, with a daily mean of 163 deaths and 144 deaths for men and women, respectively. The average daily concentration of PM2.5 in Shanghai was 55.0 µg/m3 during the same time period. Older people and men showed a higher risk for non-accidental death (risk ratio (RR) = 1.025 per year increase in age, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.021 – 1.029, and RR = 0.892 for women, 95% CI: 0.802 – 0.993, respectively). Compared with men, the risk for non-accidental death in relation to increasing PM2.5 concentration was smaller in women (RR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996 – 1.000, per 10 µg increase in PM2.5 concentration. The difference is consistent during the two lag weeks and more obvious when adjusting for the interaction between PM2.5 concentration and smoking prevalence.Conclusion: The effects of PM2.5 on daily non-accidental death are different between men and women in Shanghai, China, and women tend to have a lower risk. The underlying mechanisms of the sex difference of PM2.5 effects on death need further investigation.
Epidemiology, resistant pathogens and main causes of early death of bloodstream infection in patients with hematological malignancies from 2012 to 2019 in a Chinese tertiary hospital
Authors: Li Meng , Du Mingmei , Li Honghua , Liu Yunxi , Liu Daihong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate epidemiology, antibiotic-susceptibility of pathogens, and risk factors for mortality of bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with hematological malignancies (HMs).Methods: Single-centre retrospective analysis of BSI episodes in patients with HMs in a Chinese tertiary hospital from 2012 to 2019.Results: Among 17,796 analyzed admissions, 508 BSI episodes (2.85%) were identified. Of the 522 isolates, 326 (62.45%) were Gram-negative bacteria, 173 (33.14%) were Gram-positive bacteria, and 23 (4.41%) were fungi. The incidence of BSI differed significantly among the patients with different HMs (P = 0.000): severe aplastic anemia (6.67%), acute leukemia (6.15%), myelodysplastic syndrome(3.22%), multiple myeloma (1.29%), and lymphoma (1.02%). Escherichia coli (30.65%, 160/522) was the most common pathogens, followed by Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (19.35%, 101/522) and Klebsiella pneumonia（9.96%, 52/522). The resistance rates of E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii to carbapenems were 6.42%, 15.00%, 27.78%, and 78.95%, respectively. All the Gram-positive pathogens were susceptible to linezolid, and 3 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus were isolated. The overall 14-day mortality was 9.84%. The mortality of BSI caused by A. baumannii was 73.86%, while caused by other pathogens was 7.36% (p=0.000). A multivariate analysis showed that age >65 years, A. baumannii and non-remission of the malignancy were independent predictors of 14-day mortality.Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria continued to be the most common pathogens causing BSIs in HM patients. An extensive multi-drug resistant baumanni with high mortality rate in HM patients made empirical antimicrobial choice a highly challenging issue.
Favipiravir for treating novcl coronavirus (COVID-19) patients: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of Controlled trials
Authors: Arab-Zozani Morteza , Hassanipour Soheil , Ghoddoosi-Nejad Djavad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China in mid-December 2019, and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Due to the unknown nature of the disease and the lack of specific drugs, several potential treatments were used for patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate studies of the effects of Favipiravir in COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods We will search electronic databases including LitCovid hub, PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of Sciences, Cochrane, and Embase using keywords related to COVID-19 and Favipiravir. We will search the reference lists of all included studies and reviews. We will also search for clinical trial registries, such as clinicaltrial.gov for the ongoing clinical trials. Two investigators (MAZ and SH) will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text of included studies based on eligibility criteria. These investigators will also independently extract data and appraise the quality of studies. All potential discrepancies will be resolved through consultation with the third reviewer. Data synthesis will be conducted using the Review Manager software (version 5.3) or CMA (version 2). Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed using a standard I 2 test. A funnel plot, Egger’s test, and Begg’s test will be used for asymmetry to explore possible publication bias. Discussion The findings of this systematic review with proportional meta-analysis will help to identify the safety and efficacy of Favipiravir for COVID-19 patients. Knowledge gained from this research will also assist physicians in selecting better treatment options and developing a guideline in this field.
Comparison Of Treatment Outcomes Between Epoch And Chop Regimens In Patients With Hiv Associated NHL In A Low Resource Setting
Authors: Okello Clement Dove , Omoding Abrahams , Ddungu Henry , Mulumba Yusuf , Orem Jackson 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The optimal chemotherapy regimen for treating HIV associated NHL in low resource settings is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study to compare survival rates, treatment response rates and adverse events in patients with HIV associated NHL treated with EPOCH and CHOP regimens at the Uganda Cancer Institute.Methods: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with HIV and lymphoma and treated at the Uganda Cancer Institute from 2016 – 2018 was done.Results: One hundred eight patients treated with CHOP and 12 patients treated with EPOCH were analysed. Patients completing 6 or more cycles of chemotherapy were 51 (47%) in the CHOP group and 8 (67%) in the EPOCH group (p=0.20). One year overall survival (OS) rate in patients treated with CHOP was 54.5% (95% CI, 42.8 – 64.8) and 80.2% (95% CI, 40.3 – 94.8) in those treated with EPOCH. The survival rates were not statistically different in the two groups; hazard ratio, 0.43 (95% CI, 0.10 - 1.78; p=0.24). Factor associated with favourable survival were BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, (p=0.03) and completion of 6 or more cycles of chemotherapy, (p<0.001). The overall response rate was 40% in the CHOP group and 59% in the EPOCH group (P = 0.66). Severe adverse events occurred in 19 (18%) patients in the CHOP group and 3 (25%) in the EPOCH group (p=0.53). Severe adverse events were neutropenia (CHOP=13, 12%; EPOCH=2, 17%; p=0.65), anaemia (CHOP=12, 12%; EPOCH=1, 8%; P=0.71), thrombocytopenia (CHOP=7, 6%; EPOCH=0; p=0.36), sepsis (CHOP=1), treatment related death (EPOCH=1) and hepatic encephalopathy (CHOP=1).Conclusion: Overall survival rate, treatment response rates and adverse events were not different in patients treated with CHOP and EPOCH.