bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrapancreatic infections are common in acute pancreatitis and they are related to organ failure: a population-based study
Authors: Marstrand-Joergensen Maja Rou , Bertilsson Sara , Kalaitzakis Evangelos 
Published: July 2020

Background
Although the impact of pancreatic infections in acute pancreatitis has been studied extensively, there are no population-based data on extrapancreatic infections and their potential relation to organ failure. We aimed to study the occurrence of pancreatic and extrapancreatic bacterial infections in acute pancreatitis and their relation to patient outcome.

Patients and methods
All patients with first-time acute pancreatitis from 2003 to 2012 in a defined area in Sweden were retrospectively evaluated. Data on acute pancreatitis severity, organ failure, infections, and in-hospital mortality were collected.

Results
Overall, 304 bacterial infections occurred in 248/1457 patients (17%). Fifteen percent had extrapancreatic and 2% had pancreatic infections. The lungs (35%), the urinary tract (24%), and the bile ducts (18%) were the most common sites of extrapancreatic infections. Organ failure, severe acute pancreatitis, and in-hospital mortality were more common in patients with vs those without (pancreatic/extrapancreatic) infections (P < 0.05). Organ failure and severe acute pancreatitis occurred more frequently in pancreatic vs extrapancreatic infections (70% vs 34%, P < 0.001 and 67% vs 28%, P < 0.001), but in-hospital mortality did not differ between the two groups (7.4% vs 6.8%, P = 1.0). Both pancreatic and extrapancreatic infections were independent predictors of organ failure (P < 0.05). Out of culture-positive infections, 18% were due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, without any significant difference between extrapancreatic vs pancreatic infections (P > 0.05). About two out of five infections were of nosocomial origin.

Conclusion
Extrapancreatic infections occurred in 15% and pancreatic infections in 2% of patients with first-time acute pancreatitis. Both pancreatic and extrapancreatic infections were independent predictors of organ failure, leading to increased mortality.
Subperiosteal Orbital Hemorrhage: An Unusual Complication During Labor
Authors: Riri Konstantina , Zacharis Konstantinos , Tsironi Evangelia , Daponte Alexandros , Papageorgiou Eleni 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Subperiosteal orbital hemorrhage in the postpartum period has been rarely reported. The authors herein present a female patient who developed acute-onset vertical diplopia, proptosis, mild retro-orbital pain, and restriction of upgaze immediately after labor. Neuroimaging revealed a subperiosteal hematoma along the right orbital roof. Diplopia, motility limitation, and retro-orbital pain gradually resolved in the following weeks. Subperiosteal orbital hematomas are a rare complication of labor, with only 12 cases reported so far. They result from straining during labor, which increases central and orbital venous pressure by means of the Valsalva-maneuver. In order to evaluate ocular motility and exclude optic nerve compression, an urgent ophthalmological examination is required.
Comparative Genome-Wide Dna Methylation Analysis In Myocardial Tissue From Donors With And Without Down Syndrome
Authors: Cejas Romina B. , Wang Jie , Hageman-Blair Rachael , Liu Song , Blanco Javier G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDown syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) is the most common major chromosomal aneuploidy compatible with life. The additional whole or partial copy of chromosome 21 results in genome-wide imbalances that drive the complex pathobiology of DS. Differential DNA methylation in the context of trisomy 21 may contribute to the variable architecture of the DS phenotype. The goal of this study was to examine the genomic DNA methylation landscape in myocardial tissue from non-fetal individuals with DS. More than 480,000 unique CpG sites were interrogated in myocardial DNA samples from individuals with (n = 12) and without DS (n = 12) using DNA methylation arrays. A total of 93 highly differentially methylated CpG sites and 16 differentially methylated regions were identified in myocardial DNA from subjects with DS. There were 18 differentially methylated CpG sites in chromosome 21, including 5 highly differentially methylated sites. A CpG site in theRUNX1locus was differentially methylated in DS myocardium, and linear regression suggests that donors’ age, gender, DS status, andRUNX1methylation may contribute up to ~51% of the variability inRUNX1mRNA expression. In DS myocardium, only 58% of the genes overlapping with differentially methylated regions codify for proteins with known functions and 24% are non-coding RNAs. This study provides an initial snapshot on the extent of genome-wide differential methylation in myocardial tissue from persons with DS.
Modulation of Siglec-7 Signaling viain situCreated High-affinitycis-Ligands
Authors: Hong Senlian , Yu Chenhua , Yujie Shi , Wang Peng , Chapla Digantkumar G. , Rodrigues Emily , Moremen Kelly W. , Paulson James C. , Macauley Matthew S. , Wu Peng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins, also known as Siglecs, have recently been designated as glyco-immune checkpoints. Through their interactions with sialylated glycan epitopes overexpressed on tumor cells, inhibitory Siglecs on innate and adaptive immune cells modulate signaling cascades to restrain anti-tumor immune responses. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are just starting to be elucidated. We discover that when human natural killer (NK) cells attack tumor cells, glycan remodeling occurs on the target cells at the immunological synapse. This remodeling occurs through both transfer of sialylated glycans from NK cells to target tumor cells and acceleratedde novosynthesis of sialosides on the tumor cell themselves. The functionalization of NK cells with a high-affinity ligand of Siglec-7 leads to multifaceted consequences in modulating Siglec-7-regulated NK-activation. At high levels, the added Siglec-7 ligand suppresses NK-cytotoxicity through the recruitment of Siglec-7, whereas at low levels the same ligand triggers the release of Siglec-7 from the cell surface into the culture medium, preventing Siglec-7-mediated inhibition of NK cytotoxicity. These results suggest that glycan engineering of NK cells may provide a means to boost NK effector functions.
Variability in infants’ functional brain network connectivity is associated with differences in affect and behavior
Authors: Kelsey Caroline M. , Farris Katrina , Grossmann Tobias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVariability in functional brain network connectivity has been linked to individual differences in cognitive, affective, and behavioral traits in adults. However, little is known about the developmental origins of such brain-behavior correlations. The current study examined functional brain network connectivity and its link to behavioral temperament in newborn and 1-month-old infants (M[age] = 25 days; N = 75) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Specifically, we measured long-range connectivity between cortical regions approximating fronto-parietal, default mode, and homologous-interhemispheric networks. Our results show that connectivity in these functional brain networks varies across infants and maps onto individual differences in behavioral temperament. Specifically, connectivity in the fronto-parietal network was positively associated with regulation and orienting behaviors, whereas connectivity in the default mode network showed the opposite effect on these behaviors. Our analysis also revealed a significant positive association between the homologous-interhemispheric network and infants’ negative affect. The current results suggest that variability in long-range intra-hemispheric and cross-hemispheric functional connectivity between frontal, parietal and temporal cortex is associated with individual differences in affect and behavior. These findings shed new light on the brain origins of individual differences in early-emerging behavioral traits and thus represent a viable novel approach for investigating developmental trajectories in typical and atypical neurodevelopment.
A Convolutional Neural Network and R-Shiny App for Automated Identification and Classification of Animal Sounds
Authors: Ruff Zachary J. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Appel Cara L. , Sullivan Christopher M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of passive acoustic monitoring in wildlife ecology has increased dramatically in recent years as researchers take advantage of improvements in automated recording units and associated technologies. These technologies have allowed researchers to collect large quantities of acoustic data which must then be processed to extract meaningful information, e.g. target species detections. A persistent issue in acoustic monitoring is the challenge of processing these data most efficiently to automate the detection of species of interest, and deep learning has emerged as a powerful approach to achieve these objectives. Here we report on the development and use of a deep convolutional neural network for the automated detection of 14 forest-adapted species by classifying spectrogram images generated from short audio clips. The neural network has improved performance compared to models previously developed for some of the target classes. Our neural network performed well for most species and at least satisfactory for others. To improve portability and usability by field biologists, we developed a graphical interface for the neural network that can be run through RStudio using the Shiny package, creating a highly portable solution to efficiently process audio data closer to the point of collection and with minimal delays using consumer-grade computers.
Continuity and change, China–Singapore relations under the framework of China's 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative
Authors: Wu Xiangning 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe relations between China and Singapore were once exampled as good bilateral relations in the region: stable and promising. Albeit gradually increasing competition, bilateral economic cooperation remains to be a stabilizer. However, the ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and even more complicated Sino-US relations add up more uncertainties to bilateral relations. This paper aims to examine the fragility of bilateral relations against the overall backgrounds of the dynamic regional balance of power while analyzing the economic cooperation as the stabilizer and reviewing political mutual trust between China and Singapore.Design/methodology/approachThis paper will apply historical and documentary review and qualitative analysis.FindingsLed by its pragmatic foreign policy, Singapore hedges against China, even it seeks to deeply engaging China in all dimensions of bilateral ties, including economic, cultural and political. The grand strategy of the BRI signals the era of “keeping low profile”, leaving us far away. It will inevitably change the regional landscape geo-strategically. The USA clearly defines China as a strategic competitor, which represent Sino-US relations will not go back to the past. The traditional counterbalance strategy applied by Singapore works more difficultly when China intends to be stronger politically in the region. Economically and politically, there are no reasons for Singapore not to show positive support for the BRI. However, the BRI essentially provides a warning message that Singapore should explore a more practical and realistic strategy for not being constrained by China's geo-economic strategy. Singapore's picking side and its increasing military budget, China's assertiveness and the changing Sino-US relations imply the looming fragilities to bilateral relations.Originality/valueThe relations between China and Singapore were once exampled as good bilateral relations in the region: stable and promising. However, China and Singapore relations also ran into bumps from time to time over the years. We usually believe it is because of the peculiarity of Singapore's China policy. However, we should not neglect the dynamic regional balance of power and the changing Sino-US relations after the BRI was proposed. To fill this research gap, this paper will review the factors of stabilizers and the factors that bring fragility to bilateral relations between China and Singapore. The paper also argues that it is time for Beijing to make reflections on whether Beijing proposed BRI too early and whether Beijing over addressed on the magnificence and ambitions of the BRI.
Task-technology fit analysis of social media use for marketing in the tourism and hospitality industry: a systematic literature review
Authors: Lin Hsien-Cheng , Han Xiao , Lyu Tu , Ho Wen-Hsien , Xu Yunbao , Hsieh Tien-Chih , Zhu Lihua , Zhang Liang 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Research in tourism and hospitality industry marketing has identified many highly effective applications of social media. However, studies in the existing literature do not enable a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon because they lack a theoretical foundation. Therefore, this study systematically reviewed the literature from the perspective of the task-technology fit (TTF) theory. The purpose of this paper is to map out what is known about social media use in tourism and hospitality marketing and what areas need further exploration.

Design/methodology/approach
A descriptive cumulative review of the literature obtained 99 articles published in tourism and hospitality journals from 2010 to 2019.

Findings
The analysis suggests that to understand social media use in tourism marketing, researchers and practitioners in the industry must clarify the following four issues: the control variables, longitudinal analyzes and TTF concepts that should be used in future studies; the fitness of social media platforms for tourism marketing; how various social media platforms differ in terms of performance outcome; and the digital divide in the use of social media for tourism.

Originality/value
An integrated framework was developed to identify constructs and to understand their relationships. Recent studies in this domain are discussed; theoretical and practical suggestions and implications for future research are given.
Distinct eGFR trajectories are associated with risk of myocardial infarction in people with diabetes or prediabetes
Authors: Zuo Yingting , Wang Anxin , Chen Shuohua , Tian Xue , Wu Shouling , He Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories and myocardial infarction (MI) has so far been unclear in people with diabetes or prediabetes. We aimed to identify common eGFR trajectories in people with diabetes or prediabetes and to examine their association with MI risk.MethodsThe data of this analysis were derived from the Kailuan study, which was a prospective community‐based cohort study. The eGFR trajectories of 24 723 participants from the year 2006 to 2012 were generated by latent mixture modeling. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% CI for the subsequent risk of MI of different eGFR trajectories.ResultsWe identified five distinct eGFR trajectories during 2006 to 2012 and named them according to their eGFR range and pattern over time: low‐stable (9.4%), moderate‐stable (31.4%), moderate‐increasing (29.5%), high‐decreasing (13.9%), and high‐stable (15.8%). During a mean follow‐up of 4.61 years, there were a total of 235 incident MI. Although the high‐decreasing group had similar eGFR levels to the moderate‐stable group during the last exposure period, the risk was much higher (adjusted HR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.63‐7.85 vs adjusted HR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.36‐6.08). Notably, the moderate‐increasing group had reached the normal range, but still had a significantly increased risk (adjusted HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.24‐5.55).ConclusionseGFR trajectories were associated with MI risk in people with diabetes or prediabetes. These observations suggest that long‐term trajectories of eGFR may be important for risk prediction of MI and should be highlighted in primary prevention.
Influence of the local degree of deformation on the temperature dependent fatigue behaviour of a ferritic–pearlitic steel
Authors: Kirste Thomas , Morgenstern Roman , Schmiedel Alexander , Weidner Anja , Biermann Horst 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study reports on the influence of the degree of deformation on the fatigue behaviour of the ferritic–pearlitic steel 38MnVS6. Therefore, a hot forged and control cooled automotive component was investigated with special attention to test specimen position in the forging. The static properties, characterized by tensile tests, and the cyclic fatigue properties are determined in a temperature range from room temperature up to 500°C. The fatigue tests were carried out with push–pull resonance pulsators up to 108 cycles. While for the static properties, no significant influence of the degree of deformation could be proven, a distinct effect of the specimen's location was identified for the cyclic properties. The forging process and the subsequent microstructure evolution lead to deviations in the mechanical properties of the ferritic phase. The higher the degree of deformation, the smaller the ferritic fringes around the pearlitic grains become and the higher the cyclic strength becomes. The difference can be up to 20% of the tolerable stress amplitude. The dominant failure mechanism was found to be crack initiation within ferritic grains or on ferrite grain boundaries. In these locations, microvoids were also detected at all testing temperatures. This proves that the fatigue behaviour of the material 38MnVS6 is not inclusion dominated but dependent on the specific ferrite properties, which are, however, a result of the local degree of deformation.
Determinants of women's decision to undergo early mammography: A survey study
Authors: Tur‐Sinai Aviad , Shahrabani Shosh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor young women, mammography has limited effectiveness and entails exposure to radiation, discomfort, and additional expense. This study identifies factors associated with women's willingness to undergo mammography despite official guidelines to the contrary. Using the Health Belief Model, we surveyed Israeli women aged 40–51 who are not at high risk of breast cancer and who had or had never undergone mammography. The results show that sociodemographic characteristics, private insurance coverage, out‐of‐pocket payments to physicians, and three Health Belief Model categories – lower perceived barriers to mammography, higher expectations of benefits, and stronger health motivation – are associated with the decision to undergo mammography. In addition, higher levels of perceived susceptibility to illness and experience with mammography are significant predictors of intentions to undergo early mammography. Understanding the determinants of women's tendency to undergo mammography contrary to recommendations may help nurses and healthcare policymakers to create health promotion programs targeting this group of women. Preventing unnecessary mammograms may reduce costs to households and health maintenance organizations, mitigate ineffective use of medical facilities, and alleviate the burden on the healthcare system.
Distinct electrophysiological correlates between expected reward and risk processing
Authors: Zheng Ya , An Tong , Li Qi , Xu Jing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExpected reward and risk (reward variance) are two fundamental parameters in decision making, which may be encoded by distinct functional brain networks during the anticipatory phase of reward processing. However, whether and how anticipatory reward and risk processing are dissociable in terms of temporal dynamics remain ambiguous. The current event‐related potential (ERP) study addressed this issue in a card‐guessing task where participants were presented sequentially two cards from a deck of nine (numbered 1 through 9) and were instructed to bet whether the second card was higher or lower than the first one. Expected reward and risk were manipulated orthogonally (in an uncorrelated way) over a full range of reward probabilities (every 12.5% from 0% to 100%). We focused on three anticipatory ERP components: the cue‐related reward positivity (cue‐RewP), the cue‐related P3 (cue‐P3), and the stimulus‐preceding negativity (SPN). During the period after presentation of the first card, the cue‐RewP was sensitive to expected reward instead of risk, whereas the cue‐P3 was mainly sensitive to risk and to a lesser extent to expected reward. During the waiting period for the second card, the SPN was sensitive to expected reward but not to risk. Our findings indicate a partial neural dissociation between expected reward and risk in the anticipatory phase of reward processing.
Walking soccer: A systematic review of a modified sport
Authors: Corepal Rekesh , Zhang Jia Yu , Grover Sanya , Hubball Harry , Ashe Maureen C. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWalking soccer (football) is an emerging modified sport gaining recognition globally.ObjectivesTo synthesize current evidence for walking soccer and provide a summary of global walking soccer organizations.Data sourcesWe searched for studies published across all years and all languages within multiple databases for studies focused on walking soccer (football) in adults (18 + years). Two authors independently screened citations at Level 1 and 2. We also conducted a forward citation search and reviewed the reference lists for included studies. We searched the gray literature to identify walking soccer organizations. We conducted the last database search in December 2019.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsWe conducted a standard systematic review following established guidelines. We also summarized findings from a limited search for walking soccer organizations. For peer‐reviewed literature, we used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) to assess methodological quality and conducted a narrative synthesis of the evidence.ResultsWe identified nine peer‐reviewed studies (with 117 participants). Most studies included small sample sizes and interventions with short duration. Walking soccer is an emerging modified sport that is popular across the United Kingdom (UK), with its reach extending to other countries.ConclusionsLimited published evidence exists for walking soccer, despite is global popularity. For the studies identified, generalizability was limited to predominately older men from the UK. Based on preliminary findings, walking soccer has the potential to confer health benefits and build social connections.
Dynamic response of graphene and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composites
Authors: Johnson Christopher R. , Borg John P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A series of dynamic compaction studies were performed on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and graphene composites using uniaxial flyer plate impact experiments. Studies aimed to characterize variation in dynamic behavior with respect to morphological differences for eight powdered YSZ and graphene compositions. Parameters of interest included YSZ particle size (nanometer or micrometer) and added graphene content (graphene weight percentage: 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%). Experiments were performed over impact velocities ranging between 315 and 586 m/s, resulting in pressures between 0.8 and 2.8 GPa. Hugoniot states measured appear to exhibit dependence on particle size and graphene content. Shock velocities tended to increase with graphene content and were generally larger in magnitude for the micrometer particle size YSZ. Compacted densities tended to increase as graphene content was increased and were generally larger in magnitude for the micrometer particle size YSZ samples. Resulting Hugoniot curves are compared and summarized to convey the dynamic behavior of the specimens.