bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury and adverse outcomes of critical illness: correlation or causation?
Authors: Girling Benedict J , Channon Samuel W , Haines Ryan W , Prowle John R 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCritically ill patients who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) are more than twice as likely to die in hospital. However, it is not clear to what extent AKI is the cause of excess mortality, or merely a correlate of illness severity. The Bradford Hill criteria for causality (plausibility, temporality, magnitude, specificity, analogy, experiment & coherence, biological gradient and consistency) were applied to assess the extent to which AKI may be causative in adverse short-term outcomes of critical illness.Plausible mechanisms exist to explain increased risk of death after AKI, both from direct pathophysiological effects of renal dysfunction and mechanisms of organ cross-talk in multiple-organ failure. The temporal relationship between increased mortality following AKI is consistent with its pathophysiology. AKI is associated with substantially increased mortality, an association that persists after accounting for known confounders. A biological gradient exists between increasing severity of AKI and increasing short-term mortality. This graded association shares similar features to the increased mortality observed in ARDS; an analogous condition with a multifactorial aetiology. Evidence for the outcomes of AKI from retrospective cohort studies and experimental animal models is coherent however both of these forms of evidence have intrinsic biases and shortcomings. The relationship between AKI and risk of death is maintained across a range of patient ages, comorbidities and underlying diagnoses.In conclusion many features of the relationship between AKI and short-term mortality suggest causality. Prevention and mitigation of AKI and its complications are valid targets for studies seeking to improve short-term survival in critical care.
Linking evolutionary mode to palaeoclimate change reveals rapid radiations of staphylinoid beetles in low-energy conditions
Authors: Lü Liang , Cai Chen-Yang , Zhang Xi , Newton Alfred F , Thayer Margaret K , Zhou Hong-Zhang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStaphylinoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) is one of the most species-rich groups in animals, but its huge diversity can hardly be explained by the popular hypothesis (co-radiation with angiosperms) that applies to phytophagous beetles. We estimated the evolutionary mode of staphylinoid beetles and investigated the relationship between the evolutionary mode and palaeoclimate change, and thus the factors underlying the current biodiversity pattern of staphylinoid beetles. Our results demonstrate that staphylinoid beetles originated at around the Triassic–Jurassic bound and the current higher level clades underwent rapid evolution (indicated by increased diversification rate and decreased body size disparity) in the Jurassic and in the Cenozoic, both with low-energy climate, and they evolved much slower during the Cretaceous with high-energy climate. Climate factors, especially low O2 and high CO2, promoted the diversification rate and among-clade body size disparification in the Jurassic. In the Cenozoic, however, climate factors had negative associations with diversification rate but little with body size disparification. Our present study does not support the explosion of staphylinoid beetles as a direct outcome of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution (KTR). We suppose that occupying and diversifying in refuge niches associated with litter may elucidate rapid radiations of staphylinoid beetles in low-energy conditions.
Moving the needle towards the democratization of echocardiography: a case report
Authors: dos Santos Jonathan , Borges Fernandes Patrícia , Rocha Gonçalves Francisco , Gonçalves Alexandra 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Echocardiography has been traditionally performed in echo labs and the potential benefits of its use by primary care physicians (PCPs) are still unexplored. We present a case where POCUS (point-of-care ultrasound) was used as a complement of physical examination by a family doctor, allowing a prompt clinical decision in a heart failure (HF) patient.

Case summary
An 85-year-old woman, living independently, asks her family doctor for a home consultation due to increasing dyspnoea. On examination, severe dyspnoea and bilateral ankle oedema was noted and a point-of-care echocardiogram was performed by the primary care physician, who observed: severely compromised left ventricular systolic function, moderate mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, and severe dilation of the inferior vena cava. As a result, the diagnosis of HF with decreased ejection fraction was formed supporting the therapeutic decision.

Discussion
This case represents an elderly patient with dyspnoea, without previous HF diagnosis. The primary care physician, used portable ultrasound as a complement of physical examination, which confirmed a HF diagnosis, allowing a prompt decision-making on therapy. POCUS, can be a powerful tool to expedite treatment in different settings, including the home consultations by PCPs.
Post-operative myocardial infarction following aortic root surgery with coronary reimplantation: a case series treated with percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Adamson Carly , Rocchiccioli Paul , Brogan Richard , Berry Colin , Ford Thomas J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Coronary ostial stenosis is an uncommon but potentially lethal complication following aortic root replacement with or without aortic valve replacement (including Bentall and David procedures). This manifests clinically as acute myocardial ischaemia in the early or late post-operative period. Traditionally, this might be managed with redo open-heart surgery.

Case summary
This case series describes two presentations where urgent percutaneous coronary intervention was used to manage myocardial infarction complicating aortic root surgery with coronary reimplantation.

Discussion
This series highlights the risk of acute myocardial infarction after cardiac surgery involving coronary reimplantation. Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention is feasible and illustrates the importance of shared post-operative care involving the cardiac surgeons and the cardiology team.
Outcomes following modified extracardiac Fontan procedure of direct total cavopulmonary connection with autologous vessels: a single-centre 10-year experience
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Yuan Haiyun , Chen Jimei , Cen Jianzheng , Nie Zhiqiang , Xu Gang , Wen Shusheng , Zhuang Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe modified extracardiac Fontan of direct total cavopulmonary connection (dTCPC) with entirely autologous vessels is a better solution in selected patients with functionally univentricular hearts because it combines the advantages of a tubular connection and of full growth potential. We investigated the mid-term to long-term outcomes of the physical condition of patients who had the dTCPC and assessed the growth potential of the autologous dTCPC pathway.METHODSFrom July 2005 to June 2014, 31 patients, aged 1.8–14.0 years, underwent a modified extracardiac Fontan with dTCPC at our institution. Twenty-two patients underwent a 1-stage dTCPC and 9 patients underwent a 2-stage dTCPC. The preoperative and postoperative data were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTSThere were 17 (54.8%) boys and 14 (45.2%) girls, with a median age of 6.4 years (range 1.8–14.0 years) and a mean weight of 17.8 kg (range 9–41 kg). The mean follow-up period was 6.0 years (range 2.1–10.2 years). There was 1 early death and 2 late deaths. The event-free survival rate for the 31 patients was 88.9% at 10 years during the follow-up period. Late protein-losing enteropathy, thromboembolism, arrhythmia or heart failure were not observed. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative data for body mass index and the diameters of the autologous dTCPC pathway and pulmonary artery branches, confirming that the growth potential of the autologous dTCPC pathway was realized.CONCLUSIONSThe dTCPC procedure could be performed with satisfactory midterm to long-term outcomes in selected patients. It has the potential of retaining the advantage of the extracardiac Fontan operation together with the potential for growth and the avoidance of prosthetic materials.
Context-dependent bioactivity of versican fragments
Authors: Timms Katherine Payne , Maurice Sean Bertram 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVersican (VCAN) proteolysis and the accumulation of VCAN fragments occur in many developmental and disease processes, affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and cell phenotype. Little is known about the significance of proteolysis and the roles of fragments, or how this ECM remodeling affects the microenvironment and phenotype of diseased cells. G1-DPEAAE fragments promote aspects of epithelial–mesenchymal transitioning in developing and diseased cells, resulting in cell migration. Enhanced proliferation and invasion of tumor and endothelial cells is directly associated with G1 domain deposition and G1-DPEAAE localization respectively. These tumorigenic and angiogenic roles could explain the disease exacerbating effect often associated with G1-containing fragments, however, the pathogenicity of G1 fragments depends entirely upon the context. Overall, VCAN fragments promote tumorigenesis and inflammation; however, the specific cleavage site, the extent of cleavage activity and the microenvironment in which cleavage occurs collectively determine how this pleiotropic molecule and its fragments influence cells.
Sonine Formulas and Intertwining Operators in Dunkl Theory
Authors: Rösler Margit , Voit Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLet $V_k$ denote Dunkl’s intertwining operator associated with some root system $R$ and multiplicity $k$. For two multiplicities $k, k^{\prime }$ on $R$, we study the intertwiner $V_{k^{\prime },k} = V_{k^{\prime }}\circ V_k^{-1}$ between Dunkl operators with multiplicities $k$ and $k^{\prime }.$ It has been a long-standing conjecture that $V_{k^{\prime },k}$ is positive if $k^{\prime } \geq k \geq 0.$ We disprove this conjecture by constructing counterexamples for root system $B_n$. This matter is closely related to the existence of Sonine-type integral representations between Dunkl kernels and Bessel functions with different multiplicities. In our examples, such Sonine formulas do not exist. As a consequence, we obtain necessary conditions on Sonine formulas for Heckman–Opdam hypergeometric functions of type $BC_n$ and conditions for positive branching coefficients between multivariable Jacobi polynomials.
Mini-open double row gluteus medius repair provides good short-term functional outcomes
Authors: DeFroda Steven , Silverman Ariel , Quinn Matthew , Tabaddor Ramin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Gluteus medius (GM) tears are recognized as a significant cause of lateral hip pain. While non-operative management can be effective, those who fail this treatment modality may be indicated for operative intervention. There is no widely agreed upon ‘gold standard’ technique with regards to open, mini-open and endoscopic repair. Our study prospectively enrolled 31 patients undergoing the authors preferred ‘mini-open’ repair technique with patients completing pre- and post-operative patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the form of the Modified Harris Hip Score, Visual Analogue pain Scale, Hip Outcomes Score for Activities of Daily Living and Hip Outcomes Score for Sports-Related Activities (HOS-SSS). The effect of anxiety/depression on outcomes was also examined. Patients had an average follow-up of 6 months. There was a statistically significant increase in all PROMs in the 31 patients undergoing mini-open repair. A sub-group of patients with self-reported history of anxiety/depression via patient intake paperwork experienced less improvement than those without, however this cohort still had significant improvement in all categories except HOS-SSS. Our study shows that a mini-open GM repair technique provides good patient reported outcomes at 6 months, and allows for improved cosmesis compared with traditional open techniques utilizing a larger surgical incision. It is important to counsel patients with a history of anxiety/depression that while they can expect significant functional improvement, that their improvement may be less than patients without these comorbidities.
Propagation, cocoon formation, and resultant destabilization of relativistic jets
Authors: Matsumoto Jin , Masada Youhei 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
A cocoon is a by-product of a propagating jet that results from shock heating at the jet head. Herein, considering simultaneous cocoon formation, we study the stability of relativistic jets propagating through the uniform ambient medium. Using a simple analytic argument, we demonstrate that independent from the jet launching condition, the effective inertia of the jet is larger than that of the cocoon when the fully relativistic jet oscillates radially owing to the pressure mismatch between jet and cocoon. In such situations, it is expected that the onset condition for the oscillation-induced Rayleigh–Taylor instability is satisfied at the jet interface, resulting in the destabilization of the relativistic jet during its propagation. We have quantitatively verified and confirmed our prior expectation by performing relativistic hydrodynamic simulations in three dimensions. The possible occurrences of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability, oscillation-induced centrifugal instability, and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability are also discussed.
Choked accretion: from radial infall to bipolar outflows by breaking spherical symmetry
Authors: Aguayo-Ortiz Alejandro , Tejeda Emilio , Hernandez X 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Steady-state, spherically symmetric accretion flows are well understood in terms of the Bondi solution. Spherical symmetry, however, is necessarily an idealized approximation to reality. Here we explore the consequences of deviations away from spherical symmetry, first through a simple analytic model to motivate the physical processes involved, and then through hydrodynamical, numerical simulations of an ideal fluid accreting on to a Newtonian gravitating object. Specifically, we consider axisymmetric, large-scale, small-amplitude deviations in the density field such that the equatorial plane is overdense as compared to the polar regions. We find that the resulting polar density gradient dramatically alters the Bondi result and gives rise to steady-state solutions presenting bipolar outflows. As the density contrast increases, more and more material is ejected from the system, attaining speeds larger than the local escape velocities for even modest density contrasts. Interestingly, interior to the outflow region, the flow tends locally towards the Bondi solution, with a resulting total mass accretion rate through the inner boundary choking at a value very close to the corresponding Bondi one. Thus, the numerical experiments performed suggest the appearance of a maximum achievable accretion rate, with any extra material being ejected, even for very small departures from spherical symmetry.
The LOFAR Tied-Array All-Sky Survey (LOTAAS): Characterization of 20 pulsar discoveries and their single-pulse behavior
Authors: Michilli D , Bassa C , Cooper S , Hessels J W T , Kondratiev V I , Sanidas S , Stappers B W , Tan C M , van Leeuwen J , Cognard I , Grießmeier J-M , Lyne A G , Verbiest J P W , Weltevrede P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We are using the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to perform the LOFAR Tied-Array All-Sky (LOTAAS) survey for pulsars and fast transients. Here we present the astrometric and rotational parameters of 20 pulsars discovered as part of LOTAAS. These pulsars have regularly been observed with LOFAR at 149 MHz and the Lovell telescope at 1532 MHz, supplemented by some observations with the Lovell telescope at 334 MHz and the Nançay Radio Telescope at 1484 MHz. Timing models are calculated for the 20 pulsars, some of which are among the slowest-spinning pulsars known. PSR J1236−0159 rotates with a period P ∼ 3.6 s, while 5 additional pulsars show P > 2 s. Also, the spin-down rates $\dot{P}$ are, on average, low, with PSR J0815+4611 showing $\dot{P} \sim 4\times 10^{-18}$. Some of the pulse profiles, generically single-peaked, present complex shapes evolving with frequency. Multi-frequency flux measurements show that these pulsars have generically relatively steep spectra but exceptions are present, with values ranging between ∼−4 and −1. Among the pulsar sample, a large fraction shows large single-pulse variability, with 4 pulsars being undetectable more than $15\%$ of the time and one tentatively classified as a Rotating Radio Transient. Two single-peaked pulsars show drifting sub-pulses.
The latest update on individual external doses in an early stage after the Fukushima nuclear accident
Authors: Ishikawa Tetsuo , Yasumura Seiji , Akahane Keiichi , Yonai Shunsuke , Ohtsuru Akira , Sakai Akira , Sakata Ritsu , Ohira Tetsuya , Kamiya Kenji 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, a survey for estimating individual external doses for the first 4 months after the accident was started, and it remains ongoing. Since the authors’ previous paper, 44 605 new dose estimates have been made. The new dose estimates increase the number of dose estimates to 465 999 and are reported in this note. Since the previous paper, most of the recently collected responses have been gotten through public relations activities to encourage responses across the prefecture. Thus, recent respondents might be biased (‘selection bias’). Also, the dose estimates were based on self-administered responses about personal behaviour, which relied on memories of residents. In this respect, incorrect behaviour records possibly resulted as memories have faded over time (‘recall bias’). However, the effects of these biases on dose distribution on a whole-prefecture basis seemed to be small.
The role of sleep hygiene in the risk of Shift Work Disorder in nurses
Authors: Booker Lauren A , Barnes Maree , Alvaro Pasquale , Collins Allison , Chai-Coetzer Ching Li , McMahon Marcus , Lockley Steven W , Rajaratnam Shantha M W , Howard Mark E , Sletten Tracey L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A high proportion (20%–30%) of shift workers experience Shift Work Disorder (SWD), characterized by chronic sleepiness and/or insomnia associated with work schedules. The reasons for individual variation in shift work tolerance are not well understood, however. The aim of this study was to identify individual factors that contribute to the risk of SWD. Nurses (n = 202) were categorized as low or high risk of SWD based on the Shift Work Disorder Questionnaire. Participants provided demographic and lifestyle information and completed the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). High risk of SWD was associated with poorer sleep hygiene (SHI, 35.41 ± 6.19 vs. 31.49 ± 7.08, p < .0001) and greater eveningness (MEQ, 34.73 ± 6.13 vs. 37.49 ± 6.45, p = .005) compared to low risk. No other factors, including body mass index, marital status, having children, or caffeine or alcohol intake were significant. Logistic regression showed that SHI was the most significant contributing factor to SWD risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 to 1.14). Standardized odds ratio further revealed that with every unit increase on the SHI score, the odds of being at high risk of SWD increased by 80% (OR = 1.84). Most individuals at high risk of SWD reported “always” or “frequently” going to bed at different times (79%) and waking at different times (83%; compared to 58%, p = .017, and 61%, p = .002, respectively for the low-risk group), as well as going to bed stressed/angry (67% vs. 41%, p < .0001) and/or planning/worrying in bed (54% vs. 22%, p < .0001). Interventions aimed at improving sleep hygiene practices and psychological health of shift workers may help reduce the risk of SWD.
Framing multiple sclerosis under a polysomnographic perspective
Authors: Tanioka Kosuke , Castelnovo Anna , Tachibana Naoko , Miano Silvia , Zecca Chiara , Gobbi Claudio , Manconi Mauro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a mainly demyelinating, autoimmune, and disabling neurological disease. In addition to well-known clinically evident symptoms such as coordination or motor problems, increasing attention has been posed to a constellation of less evident symptoms significantly contributing to the clinical impact of MS. Among others, sleep symptoms have been only recently explored. This systematic review summarizes objective sleep findings detected by using polysomnography and their relationship with clinical variables in MS patients. While it is well known that sleep disorders are frequent in MS, objective clinical data are still scarce. Literature based on subjective reports indicate sleep disorders as highly frequent in MS patients; however, objective data are still scarce. New large case-control instrumental investigations are warranted to establish the real objective entity and impact of sleep comorbidities.
Cataract in the human lens: a systematic review of proteomic studies
Authors: Karakosta Christina , Tzamalis Argyrios , Aivaliotis Michalis , Tsinopoulos Ioannis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/AimThe aim of this systematic review is to identify all the available data on human lens proteomics with a critical role to age-related cataract formation in order to elucidate the physiopathology of the aging lens.MethodsWe searched on Medline and Cochrane databases. The search generated 328 manuscripts. We included nine original proteomic studies that investigated human cataractous lenses.ResultsDeamidation was the major age-related post-translational modification. There was a significant increase in the amount of αA-crystallin D-isoAsp58 present at all ages, while an increase in the extent of Trp oxidation was apparent in cataract lenses when compared to aged normal lenses. During aging, enzymes with oxidized cysteine at critical sites included GAPDH, glutathione synthase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and PARK7.ConclusionD-isoAsp in αA crystallin could be associated with the development of age-related cataract in human, by contributing to the denaturation of a crystallin, and decreasing its ability to act as a chaperone. Oxidation of Trp may be associated with nuclear cataract formation in man, while the role of oxidant stress in age-related cataract formation is dominant.SynopsisThe oxidative stress and the post-translational modification of deamidation in lens crystallins seem to play a significant role in the formation of age-related cataract in human.
Profiles of cognitive change in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease using change-point analysis
Authors: Williams Owen A , An Yang , Armstrong Nicole M , Kitner-Triolo Melissa , Ferrucci Luigi , Resnick Susan M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionChange-point analyses are increasingly used to identify the temporal stages of accelerated cognitive decline in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, statistical comparisons of change-points between specific cognitive measures have not been reported.Methods165 older adults (baseline age range: 61.1-91.2) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging developed AD during follow-up. Linear and non-linear mixed models were fit for 11 cognitive measures to determine change-points in rates of decline before AD diagnosis. Bootstrapping was used to compare the timing of change-points across cognitive measures.ResultsChange-points followed by accelerated decline ranged from 15.5 years (Card Rotations) to 1.9 years (Trail-Making A) before AD diagnosis. Accelerated decline in Card Rotations occurred significantly earlier than all other measures, including learning and memory measures.DiscussionResults suggest that visuospatial ability, as assessed by Card Rotations, may have the greatest utility as an early predictive tool in identifying preclinical AD.