bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion uncontrolled by tube drainage or pleurodesis: A phase II study North East Japan Study group trial NEJ013B
Authors: Noro Rintaro , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Usuki Jiro , Yomota Makiko , Nishitsuji Masaru , Shimokawa Tsuneo , Ando Masahiro , Hino Mitsunori , Hagiwara Koichi , Miyanaga Akihiko , Seike Masahiro , Kubota Kaoru , Gemma Akihiko ,   North East Japan Study group
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPleurodesis is the standard of care for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with symptomatic malignant pleural effusion (MPE). However, there is no standard management for MPE uncontrolled by pleurodesis. Most patients with unsuccessful MPE control are unable to receive effective chemotherapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MPE. This multicenter, phase II study investigated the effects of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in nonsquamous NSCLC patients with unsuccessful management of MPE.MethodsNonsquamous NSCLC patients with MPE following unsuccessful tube drainage or pleurodesis received bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) plus chemotherapy every three weeks. The primary endpoint was pleural effusion control rate (PECR), defined as the percentage of patients without reaccumulation of MPE at eight weeks. Secondary endpoints included pleural progression‐free survival (PPFS), safety, and quality of life (QoL).ResultsA total of 20 patients (median age: 69 years; 14 males; 20 adenocarcinomas; six epidermal growth factor receptor mutations) were enrolled in nine centers. The PECR was 80% and the primary end point was met. The PPFS and the overall survival (OS) were 16.6 months and 19.6 months, respectively. Patients with high levels of VEGF in the MPE had shorter PPFS (P = 0.010) and OS (P = 0.002). Toxicities of grade ≥ 3 included neutropenia (50%), thrombocytopenia (10%), proteinuria (10%), and hypertension (2%). The cognitive QoL score improved after treatment.ConclusionsBevacizumab plus chemotherapy is highly effective with acceptable toxicities in nonsquamous NSCLC patients with uncontrolled MPE, and should be considered as a standard therapy in this setting.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyBevacizumab plus chemotherapy is highly effective with acceptable toxicities in nonsquamous NSCLC patients with uncontrolled MPE.What this study addsBevacizumab plus chemotherapy should be considered as a standard treatment option for patients with uncontrolled MPE.Clinical trial registrationUMIN000006868 was a phase II study of efficacy of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy for the management of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) in nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer patients with MPE unsuccessfully controlled by tube drainage or pleurodesis (North East Japan Study Group Trial NEJ‐013B) (http://umin.sc.jp/ctr/).
Prospective study of pigmented lesions managed by shave excision with no deep margin transection of melanomas
Authors: Shao Emily , Blake Tony , Po-Chao Frank , Pool Louis , Carew Benjamin , Yong‐gee Simon , Wheller Laura , De’Ambrosis Brian , Muir James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractShave excision is a simple and cost‐effective technique for the removal of suitable skin lesions. We performed a prospective study over six months, collecting data from pigmented lesions that were treated with shave excision by dermatologists. Only shave excisions with the intent to remove the lesion in toto were included. A total of 349 lesions were included in this study, 50 (14%) of these were melanomas and no melanoma diagnosed had deep margin involvement, while 13 (26%) had lateral margin involvement.
Loop ileostomy closure: a retrospective comparison of three techniques
Authors: Lord Ian , Reeves Lesley , Gray Andrew , Woodfield John , Clifford Kari , Thompson‐Fawcett Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLoop ileostomy (LI) formation is a common practice for patients undergoing low anterior resection or restorative ileo‐anal pouch surgery. Ileostomy closure can be performed using a stapled or hand‐sewn technique, with or without resection. If hand‐sewn, the closure can be one or two layers. Randomized controlled trials have not demonstrated one technique to be superior, and meta‐analyses are limited by the heterogeneity of published studies. Our primary aim is to compare stapled ileostomy closure with single‐ and two‐layer hand‐sewn closures.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐centre cohort study included patients undergoing LI closure between January 1999 and April 2016. Patient demographics, anastomotic technique, operative time and patient outcomes were collected.ResultsOur analysis included 244 patients (median age 67 years, 43.4% female). There were no significant differences in mean operative times (71.5, 73.1 and 88.5 min, for stapled, single‐ and two‐layer hand‐sewn closures, respectively, adjusted overall P = 0.262), or morbidity (21.5% versus 20.4% versus 17.6%, adjusted overall P = 0.934) between stapled or hand‐sewn anastomoses, and no mortality. Once adjusting for age, sex, American College of Anaesthesiology grade, and consultant surgeon, the length of stay was different (overall P = 0.034), being similar between stapled and single‐layer closures (4.2 versus 5.5 days, P = 0.105), but significantly different between stapled and two‐layer closures (4.2 versus 8.3 days, P = 0.026).ConclusionStapled and single‐layered hand‐sewn closures are similar in length of procedure, length of stay and complication rates. A two‐layer, hand‐sewn technique is associated with a significant increase in stay compared to a stapled ileostomy closure.
Normative data for the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale in the general Australian population
Authors: Stefani Kristian , Baxter Claire , Crittenden Tamara , Dean Nicola R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent changes to the Australian Medicare Benefits Scheme have introduced the NOSE Score as a criteria threshold for funding rhinoplasty. On review of the literature, however, there is minimal normative Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score data to provide context for these changes.MethodsParticipants were recruited according to the general Australian population distribution of age (18–65 years), gender and geographical locations using the market research company Pureprofile. The data included demographic details, risk factors for nasal obstruction such as smoking, obstructive sleep apnoea, use of continuous positive airway pressure, history of nasal trauma, operations to the nose and a history of cleft lip/palate and each participant completed the NOSE Scale. Analysis of data included descriptive statistics, independent t‐tests and one‐way analysis of variances to assess differences in NOSE scores between risk factors.ResultsThe NOSE score was completed by 247 males and 255 females with a mean age of 41(±13.39) years. The cohort had a mean NOSE score of 16 (±18.89) with a range from 0 to 95. A total of 48 respondents had a NOSE score greater than the Medicare threshold of >45. Cleft lip/palate, obstructive sleep apnoea and continuous positive airway pressure use were shown to have a statistically significant impact on NOSE score while other variables including body mass index, gender, smoking, location and other surgery to the nose were not shown to significantly impact results.ConclusionsThis study found that 9.6% of the general Australian population would have a NOSE score >45 and qualify for the Medicare Benefits Scheme rhinoplasty benefit.
Reproductive outcome after cesarean scar pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Morlando Maddalena , Buca Danilo , Timor‐Tritsch Ilan , Cali Giuseppe , Palacios‐Jaraquemada Jose , Monteagudo Ana , Khalil Asma , Cennamo Carmen , La Manna Viviana , Liberati Marco , D’Amico Alice , Nappi Luigi , Colacurci Nicola , D’Antonio Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate subsequent reproductive among women with a prior cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).Material and methodsMEDLINE, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were women with a prior CSP, defined as the gestational sac or trophoblast within the dehiscence/niche of the previous cesarean section scar or implanted on top of it. The primary outcome was the recurrence of CSP; secondary outcomes were the chance of achieving a pregnancy after CSP, miscarriage, preterm birth, uterine rupture and the occurrence of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Subgroup analysis according to the management of CSP (surgical vs non‐surgical) was also performed. Random effect meta‐analyses of proportions were used to analyze the data.ResultsForty‐four studies (3598 women with CSP) were included. CSP recurred in 17.6% of women. Miscarriage, preterm birth and placenta accreta spectrum disorders complicated 19.1% (65/341), 10.3% (25/243) and 4.0% of pregnancies, and 67.0% were uncomplicated. When stratifying the analysis according to the type of management, CSP recurred in 21% of women undergoing surgical and in 15.2% of those undergoing non‐surgical management. Placenta accreta spectrum disorders complicated 4.0% and 12.0% of cases, respectively.ConclusionsWomen with a prior CSP are at high risk of recurrence, miscarriage, preterm birth and placenta accreta spectrum. There is still insufficient evidence to elucidate whether the type of management adopted (surgical vs non‐surgical) can impact reproductive outcome after CSP. Further large, prospective studies sharing an objective protocol of prenatal management and long‐term follow up are needed to establish the optimal management of CSP and to elucidate whether it may affect its risk of recurrence and pregnancy outcome in subsequent gestations.
Do Unions Cause Job Dissatisfaction? Evidence from a Quasi‐Experiment in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bessa Ioulia , Charlwood Andy , Valizade Danat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnionized workers tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than their non‐union counterparts. Despite 40 years of research that has sought to explain this phenomenon, the causes of this relationship are not fully understood. Drawing on nationally representative panel data from the UK, this study uses quasi‐experimental methods to compare how the job satisfaction of union members and their non‐union counterparts changes in response to an exogenous event. Results suggest that working conditions rather than the behaviour of unions are the more likely cause of union member job dissatisfaction.
Differential diagnosis of vacuolar myopathies in the NGS era
Authors: Mair Dorothea , Biskup Saskia , Kress Wolfram , Abicht Angela , Brück Wolfgang , Zechel Sabrina , Knop Karl Christian , Koenig Fatima Barbara , Tey Shelisa , Nikolin Stefan , Eggermann Katja , Kurth Ingo , Ferbert Andreas , Weis Joachim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAltered autophagy accompanied by abnormal autophagic (rimmed) vacuoles detectable by light and electron microscopy is a common denominator of many familial and sporadic non‐inflammatory muscle diseases. Even in the era of next generation sequencing (NGS), late‐onset vacuolar myopathies remain a diagnostic challenge. We identified 32 adult vacuolar myopathy patients from 30 unrelated families, studied their clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics and performed genetic testing in index patients and relatives using Sanger sequencing and NGS including whole exome sequencing (WES). We established a molecular genetic diagnosis in 17 patients. Pathogenic mutations were found in genes typically linked to vacuolar myopathy (GNE, LDB3/ZASP, MYOT, DES and GAA), but also in genes not regularly associated with severely altered autophagy (FKRP, DYSF, CAV3, COL6A2, GYG1 and TRIM32) and in the digenic facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 2. Characteristic histopathological features including distinct patterns of myofibrillar disarray and evidence of exocytosis proved to be helpful to distinguish causes of vacuolar myopathies. Biopsy validated the pathogenicity of the novel mutations p.(Phe55*) and p.(Arg216*) in GYG1 and of the p.(Leu156Pro) TRIM32 mutation combined with compound heterozygous deletion of exon 2 of TRIM32 and expanded the phenotype of Ala93Thr‐caveolinopathy and of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2i caused by FKRP mutation. In 15 patients no causal variants were detected by Sanger sequencing and NGS panel analysis. In 12 of these cases, WES was performed, but did not yield any definite mutation or likely candidate gene. In one of these patients with a family history of muscle weakness, the vacuolar myopathy was eventually linked to chloroquine therapy. Our study illustrates the wide phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of vacuolar myopathies and validates the role of histopathology in assessing the pathogenicity of novel mutations detected by NGS. In a sizable portion of vacuolar myopathy cases, it remains to be shown whether the cause is hereditary or degenerative.
Processualizing Data: Variants of Process‐Produced Data
Authors: Grenz Tilo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe greatly increased importance of diachronic process perspectives in the social sciences has led to process‐produced data (PPD) becoming one of the main topics of this debate. However, its current use is peculiarly ambivalent. It oscillates between substantialist understandings and self‐evident use. This article stresses the beforehand conceptual decisions made by the researcher that eventually define data, that is, which materials become PPD. Because process‐oriented research rests on heterogenous conceptions of temporality, it is especially these conceptions researchers must make transparent. Drawing on social constructivism, extended by path dependency, happenings, and events, the article exemplifies one conceptual foundation and, using insights from two research projects (historical discussion circles and trajectories of digital infrastructures), a particular specification of PPD. The article thus contributes to the necessary methodological reflection on PPD, and, at the same time, responds to the need for diachronic social research in order to grasp contemporary processes of digitalization.
Application of porcupine inhibitors in stem cell fate determination
Authors: Kalantary‐Charvadeh Ashkan , Hosseini Vahid , Mehdizadeh Amir , Darabi Masoud 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPorcupine (Porcn), a membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase, is an endoplasmic reticulum‐located protein that has catalytic activity. Porcn is involved in post‐translational lipid modification of wingless‐Int (Wnt) proteins and serves as an indispensable step in the Wnt proper secretion and signaling. Small‐molecule inhibitors targeting Porcn catalytic function in vitro and in vivo are of great interest not only for treating cancer and fibrotic disorders but also in the field of regenerative medicine. Although a number of studies have been conducted, the exact role of Porcn in stem cell fate is not entirely clear. In some cases, Porcn inhibition declined differentiation rate, and in others, it induced stem cell differentiation toward specific lineages. In this review, we first elaborated the Porcn catalytic activity and its inhibitors. Then, we discussed about the recently reported results of Porcn inhibitors in stem cells self‐renewal and differentiation.
A Process Model of Causal Reasoning
Authors: Davis Zachary J. , Rehder Bob 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHow do we make causal judgments? Many studies have demonstrated that people are capable causal reasoners, achieving success on tasks from reasoning to categorization to interventions. However, less is known about the mental processes used to achieve such sophisticated judgments. We propose a new process model—the mutation sampler—that models causal judgments as based on a sample of possible states of the causal system generated using the Metropolis–Hastings sampling algorithm. Across a diverse array of tasks and conditions encompassing over 1,700 participants, we found that our model provided a consistently closer fit to participant judgments than standard causal graphical models. In particular, we found that the biases introduced by mutation sampling accounted for people's consistent, predictable errors that the normative model by definition could not. Moreover, using a novel experimental methodology, we found that those biases appeared in the samples that participants explicitly judged to be representative of a causal system. We conclude by advocating sampling methods as plausible process‐level accounts of the computations specified by the causal graphical model framework and highlight opportunities for future research to identify not just what reasoners compute when drawing causal inferences, but also how they compute it.
Predictive value of immune‐inflammation indices in metabolic response and outcome after curative radiotherapy in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ozkan Emine Elif , Kaymak Cerkesli Zumrut Arda , Erdogan Mehmet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionRole of systemic inflammation response in prognosis of several solid tumors has been evaluated in quite a lot of recent reports.ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a novel immune response marker; systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) on metabolic response to chemoradiotherapy and outcome in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Other several inflammatory indices such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were also evaluated in terms of predictive value.MethodsFiles of 66 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients who underwent curative radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Factors correlated with overall survival was evaluated via univariate and multivariate survival analysis.ResultsIn 20.05 months of median follow‐up 22 (33.33%) patients were alive. Median overall survival, 3 and 5 years survival for the entire group were 25.49 (95% CI: 19.07‐31.91) months, 54.9% and 20.1%, respectively. Among investigated inflammatory indices, only low PNI (≤45.45), was found significantly correlated with poor response rate (P: .024). None of the prognostic factors and inflammatory indices were found statistically significant in terms of overall survival via univariate and multivariate analysis.ConclusionsImmunoinflammatory indices are feasible prognostic indicators for clinical use with easily accessible components. In this study, we demonstrated that pretreatment PNI ≤ 45.45 was statistically significant for predicting poor treatment response. None of the indices were significantly correlated with radiation pneumonitis.
Perceptions and experiences of living with coexisting type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness: a scoping review
Authors: Rønne S. T. , Zabell V. , Joensen L. E. , Jørgensen R. , Gæde P. H. , Hemmingsen Arnfred S. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo map existing research‐based knowledge of everyday life and illness management among people with coexisting type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness, and to identify study designs, aims, populations and themes.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed on 16 April 2019 using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cinahl, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science to conduct a scoping review. Included studies were summarized with regard to the quantity of research, the study designs, aims, populations and themesResultsFrom 3406 records, we included 23 studies about everyday life and illness management among people with coexisting type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness. Four studies were qualitative (observations, interviews and focus groups), and 19 were quantitative (observational and interventions) and used questionnaires. Five themes emerged in the findings: (1) diet and exercise, but not other diabetes self‐care activities, are consistently compromised in the target group; (2) psychiatric exacerbation diminishes diabetes self‐care; (3) social support and high self‐efficacy improve diabetes self‐care; (4) use of healthcare services is compromised; and (5) quality of life and well‐being is poor.ConclusionsThe limited research into the studied population’s experiences with coexisting type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness is characterized by its heterogeneity in aims and methods and a strong focus on diabetes management and treatment. Further research focusing on the management of both conditions in everyday life is needed to improve specialized and integrated care targeting the population.
Evaluation of subchronic administration of antiseizure drugs in spontaneously seizing rats
Authors: Thomson Kyle E. , Metcalf Cameron S. , Newell Thomas G. , Huff Jennifer , Edwards Sharon F. , West Peter J. , Wilcox Karen S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveApproximately 30% of patients with epilepsy do not experience full seizure control on their antiseizure drug (ASD) regimen. Historically, screening for novel ASDs has relied on evaluating efficacy following a single administration of a test compound in either acute electrical or chemical seizure induction. However, the use of animal models of spontaneous seizures and repeated administration of test compounds may better differentiate novel compounds. Therefore, this approach has been instituted as part of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program screening paradigm for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.MethodsRats were treated with intraperitoneal kainic acid to induce status epilepticus and subsequent spontaneous recurrent seizures. After 12 weeks, rats were enrolled in drug screening studies. Using a 2‐week crossover design, selected ASDs were evaluated for their ability to protect against spontaneous seizures, using a video‐electroencephalographic monitoring system and automated seizure detection. Sixteen clinically available compounds were administered at maximally tolerated doses in this model. Dose intervals (1‐3 treatments/d) were selected based on known half‐lives for each compound.ResultsCarbamazepine (90 mg/kg/d), phenobarbital (30 mg/kg/d), and ezogabine (15 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced seizure burden at the doses evaluated. In addition, a dose‐response study of topiramate (20‐600 mg/kg/d) demonstrated that this compound reduced seizure burden at both therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses. However, none of the 16 ASDs conferred complete seizure freedom during the testing period at the doses tested.SignificanceDespite reductions in seizure burden, the lack of full seizure freedom for any ASD tested suggests that this screening paradigm may be useful for testing novel compounds with potential utility in pharmacoresistant epilepsy.