bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A face oculta da avaliação em Angola
Authors: Isabel Miguel Boa , Santos Lucíola Licínio , Ferenc Alvanize Valente Fernandes 
Published: November 2020

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e compreender as práticas presentes nos processos da avaliação da aprendizagem em Angola. A pesquisa foi realizada com professores e alunos de duas escolas secundárias da província de Cabinda. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados questionários, entrevistas, observações e análise de documentos. A pesquisa evidencia que, apesar de os professores adotarem conceitos mais contemporâneos sobre avaliação, predominam na prática cotidiana as avaliações somativas em que as provas são também utilizadas como forma de controle da disciplina. Os dados mostram a permanência, nas escolas pesquisadas, de práticas de avaliação que envolvem a troca de notas por dinheiro, embora, por diferentes razões, essas práticas estejam diminuindo.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Avaliação da Aprendizagem, Angola, Avaliação Somativa.</p><p> </p><p><strong>La cara oculta de la evaluación en Angola</strong></p><p>El objetivo de este artículo es analizar y comprender las prácticas presentes en los procesos de evaluación del aprendizaje en Angola. La encuesta se realizó con maestros y estudiantes de dos escuelas secundarias en la provincia de Cabinda. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron cuestionarios, entrevistas, observaciones y análisis de documentos. La investigación muestra que, aunque los maestros adoptan conceptos más contemporáneos sobre la evaluación, en la práctica diaria predominan las evaluaciones sumativas, en las que las pruebas también se utilizan como una forma de control de la materia. Los datos muestran que las prácticas de evaluación, que implican el intercambio de calificaciones por dinero, permanecen en las escuelas encuestadas, aunque estas prácticas, por diferentes razones, están disminuyendo.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>Evaluación del Aprendizaje, Angola, Evaluación Sumativa.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The hidden face of assessment in Angola</strong></p><p>The aim of this article is to analyze and understand the practices present in the learning assessment processes in Angola. The research was conducted with teachers and students from two secondary schools in the Cabinda province. Questionnaires, interviews, observations and document analysis were used for data collection. The research shows that, although teachers adopt more contemporary assessment concepts, summative assessments in which tests are also used as a form of discipline control predominate in their daily practice. The data show the continuity of assessment practices involving the exchange of grades for money in the surveyed schools, although these practices are on decline for different reasons.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Learning Assessment, Angola, Summative Assessment.</p>
Servicios Ecosistémicos: Implementación de metodologías específicas para una correcta valoración
Authors: López Solano Cristian Alexis 
Published: November 2020

Actualmente nuestro sistema jurídico colombiano contempla algunos mecanismos en materia derecho ambiental que propende por la protección del medio ambiente; dicha protección resulta insuficiente a la luz de las necesidades vigentes que reclama la naturaleza en todo el territorio nacional.

Con frecuencia, la valoración económica ambiental que se hace dentro de un proyecto económico de alto impacto (sea el que sea) es subjetiva pues la normatividad y reglamentos aplicables para este tipo de procesos, es general. Por lo mismo, resulta insuficiente su aplicación y además improbable la consecución de sus finalidades.

La valoración de servicios ecosistémicos se ha convertido en un elemento confeccionado por el autor del proyecto económico (es decir, el particular o empresario), por lo mismo, en la balanza de juicio resulta siempre favorecido el beneficio económico sobre el beneficio ambiental. Tal es la suerte de las guías y metodologías que para el efecto ha instaurado el gobierno nacional, pues al ser generales, favorecen un amplio margen de discrecionalidad en la confección del diagnóstico ambiental que consecuencialmente produce una valoración indebida y además, irreal.
Inteligencia Artificial aplicada a la Justicia
Authors: Florez Hernandez Isabel Cristina 
Published: November 2020

Este artículo permite un mayor acercamiento a los desafíos que generan los grandes avances tecnológicos que ha venido experimentando la sociedad de América Latina y de manera puntual Colombia en temas tan delicados como la Justicia. Para ello se deberá primero analizar el incremento que se ha dado a lo largo de los últimos años a casos que revisten alta importancia y complejidad como es el caso, por ejemplo, de las Acciones de Tutela, que se dan cuando un derecho ha sido vulnerado, y en la gran mayoría de los casos, dicha violación se da en derechos fundamentales de tanta trascendencia como la vida misma, lo que ha significado que escenarios como la Corte Constitucional evidencien una tendencia al congestionamiento, registrando cifras que más que comprobar dicho aumento, lo que hacen es generar una alerta de gran magnitud sobre la eficacia y eficiencia de la Justicia en Colombia, específicamente. Segundo, deberá considerarse como una herramienta basada en Inteligencia Artificial y Blockchain como es el caso de Prometea, se muestra como una alternativa que aporta no solo un alivio en términos de disminución en el tiempo establecido para la atención de los casos que están ya en espera de obtener una solución, y que corresponden básicamente a casos fáciles y que ya han sido gestionados previamente, sino una alta eficiencia, al registrar por ejemplo, el trabajo que a una persona le tomaría horas ejecutarlo y en cambio a Prometea le tomaría minutos procesar. Tercero y no menos importante, se deberá generar conciencia que si bien es cierto, el proyecto de Inteligencia artificial se convierte en un alivio, también debe tenerse presente que deberá bajo todos los puntos de vista, contarse con la revisión y auditoria de parte de un funcionario, que avale la eficacia del trabajo desarrollado por este aplicativo.
La tecnología, como ya sabemos, no deberá ser vista como el reemplazo de la mano de obra del ser humano en la ejecución de un trabajo sino que deberá significar un aliado que contribuirá siempre a que esta labor se desarrolle de manera más eficiente y precisa, sin olvidar que la responsabilidad en la función que se ejecuta solo podrá estar en cabeza del hombre, aun cuando las máquinas y sus diferentes funcionalidades nos faciliten cada día más las cosas.
Por último es importante precisar que la implementación de este tipo de instrumentos deberá siempre ir de la mano, de la preocupación por no deshumanizar los procesos al interior de la Justicia, pues si bien es cierto, quien más se beneficia es esta misma, no podrá hacerlo a costa de los intereses, garantías y beneficios propios del ciudadano receptor de dicha gestión judicial.
PENERAPAN AKAD WAKALAH BIL UJRAH PADA PENGELOLAAN PRODUK PROTEKSI KESEHATAN DI PRUDENTIAL SYARIAH CABANG SIDOARJO
Authors: Khumairoh Galuh Vida , Oktafia Renny 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan serta dampak akad Wakalah Bil Ujrah pada pengelolaan produk proteksi kesehatan di Prudential Syariah Cabang Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan akad Wakalah Bil Ujrah pada pengelolaan produk proteksi kesehatan selain nasabah mendapatkan manfaatnya, nasabah juga dapat menolong sesama nasabah lain yang terjadi risiko sakit. Dampak penerapan akad Wakalah Bil Ujrah untuk pengelolaan produk proteksi kesehatan juga memberikan keuntungan bagi nasabah dan perusahaan sebab nasabah yang tidak mengalami klaim selama pembayaran premi, maka premi tersebut akan di kembalikan berupa surplus sharing, sehingga perusahaan tidak mempunyai beban atas premi nasabah yang tidak mengalami klaim. Kata Kunci: Akad Wakalah Bil Ujrah, Proteksi Kesehatan, Prudential Syariah ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the application and impact of Wakalah Bil Ujrah contract on the management of health protection product in Prudential Sharia Sidoarjo Branch. This research uses qualitative research, with the method of collecting data using interviews, observation and documentation. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the application of the Wakalah Bil Ujarah contract on the management of health protection products in addition to the customer gets the benefits, the customer can also help other fellow customers who are at risk of illness. The impact of the application of Wakalah Bil Ujarah contract for the management of health protection products also provides benefits for customers and companies because customers who do not experience claims during premium payment, that the premium will be returned in the form of surplus sharing, so the company does not have a burden on customer premiums that do not experience claims. Keywords: Wakalah Bil Ujrah, Health Protection, Prudential Sharia
PENGARUH BOARD SIZE DAN STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX 2013 – 2018
Authors: Jasmine Rayhan , Shofawati Atina 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari variabel bebas yakni ukuran dewan direksi (X_1), dan struktur kepemilikan yang terdiri atas kepemilikan manajerial (X_2), dan kepemilikan institusional (X_3), serta variabel lainnya yaitu firm size (X_4),Debt to Equity Ratio (X_5),Return on Asset (X_6), terhadap variabel terikat nilai perusahaan (Y). Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi data panel dengan Common Effet Model (CEM) yang tepilih sebagai model terbaik yang digunakan, dimana jumlah observasi yang digunakan adalah 16 perusahaan yang terpilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Dan dari hasil analisis menunjukkan seluruh variabel independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan secara simultan dan parsial.Kata kunci: board (dewan direksi), kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan manajerial, nilai perusahaan ABSTRACTThis research was made with the aim to examine the effect of independent variables namely the size of the board of directors (X_1), and ownership structure consisting of managerial ownership (X_2), and institutional ownership (X_3), as well as other variables namely firm size (X_4), Debt to Equity Ratio (X_5), Return on Assets (X_6), to the firm value dependent variable (Y). The method in this study uses panel data regression analysis techniques with the Common Effet Model (CEM) selected as the best model used, where the number of observations used is 16 companies selected by the purposive sampling method. And the results of the analysis show all the independent variables used in this study have a significant influence on the value of the company simultaneously and partially.Keywords: board, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, firm value
Prevalence and risk factors of falls among community-dwelling older people: results from three consecutive waves of the national health interview survey in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Yih-Jian , Yang Ping-Yen , Yang Yi-Ching , Lin Mau-Roung , Wang Ying-Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: An aging society incurs great losses due to fall-related injuries and mortalities. The foreseeable increased burden of fall-related injury among older people requires a regular nationwide study on the fall epidemic and prevention strategies.Methods: The fall epidemic was examined using data from three consecutive waves of the National Health Interview Survey (2005, 2009, and 2013). Common explanatory variables across these surveys included sociodemographic factors (age, sex, and difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental ADL), biological factors (vision, comorbidities, urinary incontinence, and depressive symptoms), and behavioral risk factors (sleeping pill use, and frequency of exercise). After the univariate and bivariate analyses, the prevalence of falls was investigated using multiple linear regression models adjusted for age group, sex, and year of survey. A multivariate logistic regression model for falls with adjustments for these common explanatory variables was established across three waves of surveys. The effect of fall prevention programs was examined with the effect size in terms of age-specific and sex-specific prevalence of falls and fall-related hospitalization rates during 2005 and 2009.Results: For each survey, there were consecutively 2,722; 2,900; and 3,200 respondents with a mean age of 75.1, 75.6, and 76.4 years, respectively. The multiple linear regression model yielded a negative association between the prevalence of falls and year of survey. Several sociodemographic and biological factors, including female sex, difficulty in performing one basic ADL, difficulty in performing two or more instrumental ADLs, unclear vision, comorbidities, urinary incontinence, and depressive symptoms, were significantly associated with falls. In contrast to the universal positive effect on the prevalence of falls among older adults, the effect size of fall-related hospitalization rates revealed a 2% relative risk reduction only for those aged 65-74 years, but deteriorated for those aged 75-84 (-10.9%).Conclusion: Although the decline in fall prevalence over time supports existing fall intervention strategies in Taiwan, the differential prevention effect and identification of risk factors in older people suggest the necessity of adjusting fall prevention programs.
Development, reliability and validity of the Safe Use of Mobility Aids Checklist (SUMAC) for 4-wheeled walker use in people living with dementia
Authors: Hunter Susan , Divine Alison , Omana Humberto , Madou Edward , Holmes Jeffrey 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Balance and gait problems are common and progressive in dementia. Use of a mobility aid provides physical support and confidence. Yet, mobility aid use in people with dementia increases falls three-fold. An assessment tool of mobility aid safety in people with dementia does not currently exist. The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop a tool for the evaluation of physical function and safe use of a 4-wheeled walker in people with dementia, and 2) to evaluate its construct and criterion validity, inter-rater and test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change.Methods: Healthcare professionals (HCP) experienced in rehabilitation of people with dementia participated in focus groups for item generation of the new tool, The Safe Use of Mobility Aid Checklist (SUMAC). The SUMAC evaluates physical function (PF) and safe use of the equipment (EQ) on nine tasks of daily life. Reliability was evaluated by HCP (n=5) scored participant videos of people with dementia (n=10) using a 4-wheeled walker performing the SUMAC. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Construct validity evaluated scores of the HCPs to a consensus HCP panel using Spearman’s rank-order correlations. Criterion validity evaluated SUMAC-PF to the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) gait subscale using Spearman’s rank-order correlations.Results: Three focus groups (n=17) generated a tool comprised of nine tasks and the components within each task for physical function and safe use. Inter-rater reliability was statistically significant for SUMAC-PF (ICC=0.92, 95%CI (0.81, 0.98), p<0.001) and SUMAC-EQ (ICC=0.82, 95%CI (0.54, 0.95), p<0.001). Test-retest reliability was statistically significant for SUMAC-PF (ICC=0.89, 95%CI (0.81, 0.94), p<0.001) and SUMAC-EQ (ICC=0.88, 95%CI (0.79, 0.93), p<0.001). As hypothesized, the POMA gait subscale correlated strongly with the SUMAC-PF (rs=0.84), but not EQ (rs=0.39).Conclusions: The focus groups and research team developed a tool of nine tasks with evaluation on physical function and safe use of a 4-wheeled walker for people with dementia. The SUMAC tool has demonstrated content validity for the whole scale and good construct and criterion validity for the SUMAC-PF and SUMAC-EQ. The subscores of the SUMAC demonstrated excellent to good inter-rater and test-retest reliability.
Prevalence and Correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections among Patients Attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in Guangdong, China a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Zhao PZ , Ke WJ , Wang LY , Tso Lai Sze , Chen ZY , Liao YY , Liang CM , Chen HR , Ren XQ , Huang JM , Ong JJ , Yang F , Yang Ligang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) causes urogenital tract infections and is associated with reproductive morbidity. Although MG has been reported across many regions and population groups, it is not yet routinely tested for in China. Our study contributes to current research by reporting the prevalence and correlates of MG infection in patients attending a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Guangdong from Jan 2017-May 2018.Methods: Urethral (from 489 men) and endo-cervical (from 189 women) samples, blood samples, and patient histories (via questionnaires) were collected. Doctors clinically diagnosed anogenital warts (GW) during the examination (n=678). The presence of MG was evaluated using an in-house via polymerase chain reaction protocol. We also tested all participants for herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), syphilis and HIV. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate factors associated with MG.Results: MG was detected in 7.2% (49/678) of the patients (men, 7.4%; women, 6.9%). The MG positivity rate was 14.2% among symptomatic patients, and 5.6% for asymptomatic patients, respectively. Only 36.7% (18/49) Mg positive patients were symptomatic. Among the MG-infected patients, 10.2% were co-infected with CT, 6.1% with NG, 8.2% with HSV-2, 4.1% with syphilis and 22.4% with GW. Presentation with clinical symptoms was significantly associated with MG infection [OR=2.52 (2.03-3.13)]. In our analysis, MG was not associated with other STIs.Conclusions: MG is a relatively common infection among individuals attending an STI clinic in Guangdong Province. Routine testing of symptomatic patients may be necessary, and more epidemiological studies are needed to provide evidence for future testing guidelines.
Reducing Suicidal Ideation among Turkish Migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: The Feasibility of a Randomised Controlled Trial of a Guided Online Intervention
Authors: Eylem Ozlem , Straten Annemieke van , de Wit Leonore , Rathod Shanaya , Bhui Kamaldeep , Kerkhof Ad J.F.M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The evidence for the effectiveness of e-mental health interventions among ethnic minorities is still preliminary. This mixed methods study investigates the feasibility of a culturally adapted, guided online intervention with the intention to understand how it works and for whom to inform refinement. It also examines its likely effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation when compared with the treatment as usual.Methods: Turkish migrants with mild to moderate suicidal thoughts were recruited from the general population using social media and newspaper advertisements. The intervention group obtained direct access to a 6 weeks guided online intervention while participants in the waiting list condition had to wait for 6 weeks. The intervention is based on an existing online intervention and was culturally adapted. Participants in both conditions completed baseline, post-test, and follow up questionnaires on suicidal ideation (primary outcome), depression, worrying, hopelessness, suicide attempt and self-harm, acculturation, quality of life, and usability. In addition, participants were interviewed to examine the feasibility and mechanisms of action in more depth. The responses were analysed by inductive thematic analysis.Results: 85 people signed up via the study website and we included 18 (10 intervention, 8 waitlist control). While the therapeutic benefits were emphasised (e.g. feeling connected with the intervention), the feasibility was judged to be low. The main reasons given were: not having severe suicidal thoughts and not being represented by the culturally adapted intervention. No suicide attempts were recorded during the study. The suicidal ideation, depression and hopelessness scores were improved in both groups.Conclusion: Although intended to be a definitive trial, the current study became a feasibility study with process evaluation to understand the components and how they operate. The online intervention was not superior to the control condition. Future studies need to attend the implementation issues raised including measures of stigma, acculturation, careful cultural adaptations alongside more attention to coaching and relational support. They should also consider how to improve engagement alongside selection of those who are motivated to use online interventions and offer alternatives for those who are not.Trial registration: NTR5028. Registered 1 March 2015, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/4926
Estrogen re-enhanced prenatal stress-related visceral sensitization and pain regulation
Authors: Chen Jinghong , Sun Ying , Wei Jinbao , Ju Peijun , Li Qinjie , Winston John H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Visceral pain is one of the most common sign of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Chronic stress during pregnancy may increase visceral pain sensitivity of offspring in a sexdependent way. Combining adult stress in offspring will increase this sensitivity. Based on the evidence implicating estrogen exacerbates visceral hypersensitivity in female rodents in pre-clinical models, we predicted that chronic prenatal stress (CPS) plus chronic adult stress (CAS) will maximize visceral pain sensitivity; and estrogen plays an important role in this hyperalgesia.Methods: The CPS plus CAS rodent model was established in which the balloon was used to distend colorectum. Meanwhile, the single fiber recording in vivo and patch-clamp experiments in vitro were used to monitor neuronal activity. The RT-PCR, Western Blot, and Immunofluorescence were used to study the effects of CPS and CAS on colon primary afferent sensitivity and molecular or transmission changes. We use Ovariectomy and Letrozole to treate female rats respectively in order to assess the role of estrogen in female-specific enhanced primary afferent sensitization. Letrozole mainly used to reduce estrogen levels.Results: As predicted, CPS significantly increased single unit afferent fiber activity in L6-S2 dorsal roots in response. Activity was further enhanced by CAS. And the activity in offspring females was significantly greater than the males. Besides, the excitability of colon-projecting dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons increases in CPS + CAS rats that was associated with a decrease in transient A-type K+ current. Letrozole treatment decreases the colon DRG neuron excitability in females by decreasing the estrogen levels. Conclusions: This study adds to the growing evidence for the development of chronic stress induced visceral hypersensitivity in female, which involves estrogen-dependent sensitization of primary afferent colon neurons. Understanding this neurophysiological mechanisms will spur the development of female pain specific therapies.