bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black silicon back‐contact module with wide light acceptance angle
Authors: Ortega Pablo , Garín Moises , von Gastrow Guillaume , Savisalo Tuukka , Tolvanen Antti , Vahlman Henri , Vähänissi Ville , Pasanen Toni P. , Carrió David , Savin Hele , Alcubilla Ramón 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, a photovoltaic mini‐module combining interdigitated back‐contacted solar cells with black silicon in the front was implemented as a proof of concept. The module consists of nine solar cells connected in series with an active area of 86.5 cm2. Both the assembly and panel encapsulation were made using industrial back‐contact module technology. Noticeable photovoltaic efficiencies of 18.1% and 19.9% of the whole module and the best individual cell of the module, respectively, demonstrate that fragile nanostructures can withstand standard module fabrication stages. Open‐circuit voltage and fill factor values of 5.76 V and 81.6%, respectively, reveal that series interconnection between cells works as expected, confirming a good ohmic contact between cell busbars and the conductive backsheet. Additionally, the excellent quasi‐omnidirectional antireflection properties of black silicon surfaces prevail at module level, as it is corroborated by light incidence angle dependence measurements of the short‐circuit current parameter.
Sensor‐based evaluation of maize (Zea mays) and weed response to post‐emergence herbicide applications of Isoxaflutole and Cyprosulfamide applied as crop seed treatment or herbicide mixing partner
Authors: Mink Robin , Linn Alexander Ingo , Santel Hans‐Joachim , Gerhards Roland 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSome maize post‐emergence herbicides obtain their crop/weed selectivity only through the use of chemical crop safeners. Safeners improve the tolerance of maize to herbicidal active ingredients. In order to investigate the crop response to safener (cyprosulfamide) spray application and seed treatment, greenhouse and field trials were conducted on three maize development stages (2‐, 4‐, and 6‐leaf stage). Visual estimations on crop vitality were compared to ground‐based and airborne hyperspectral and multispectral sensors.RESULTSThe reduction of cyprosulfamide by 88% when applied as seed treatment did not significantly reduce maize biomass yields at the field. The crop deterioration in both trials was stronger in the cyprosulfamide seed treatments compared to the spray applications but was found to be transient in the field trial. The hyperspectral sensor and multispectral camera data correlated with R2 = 0.84 (CropSpec Vegetation Index) and R2 = 0.64 (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index).CONCLUSIONThe sensor‐based collection of crop responses to treatments enables early, quantifiable and auditor‐independent assessments. In particular, the airborne multispectral imagery assessment of field experiments provides more detailed and comprehensive information than visually collected data. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhanced extended‐range predictability of the 2018 late‐winter Eurasian cold spell due to the stratosphere
Authors: Kautz Lisa‐Ann , Polichtchouk Inna , Birner Thomas , Garny Hella , Pinto Joaquim G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA severe cold spell with surface temperatures reaching 10 K below its climatology hit Eurasia during late February/early March 2018. This cold spell was associated with a Scandinavian blocking pattern followed by an extreme negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase. Here we explore the predictability of this cold spell/NAO event using ensemble forecasts from the Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal (S2S) archive of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. We find that this event was predicted with the observed strength roughly 10 days in advance. However, the probability of the cold spell occurring doubled up to 25 days in advance, when a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) occurred. Our results indicate that the amplitude of the cold spell was increased by a regime shift to the negative NAO phase at the end of February, which was likely favoured by the SSW. We quantify the contribution of the SSW to the enhanced extended‐range forecast skill for this particular event by running forecast ensembles in which the evolution of the stratosphere is nudged to (a) the observed evolution, and (b) a time‐invariant state. In the experiment with nudging to the observed stratospheric evolution, the probability of a strong cold spell occurring is enhanced to 45%, while it is at its climatological value of 5% when the stratosphere is nudged to a time‐invariant state. These results showing enhanced predictability of surface extremes following SSWs extend previous observational evidence, which is mostly based on composite analyses, to a single event. Our results suggest that it is the subsequent evolution throughout the lower stratosphere following the SSW, rather than the occurrence of the SSW itself, that is crucial in coupling to large‐scale tropospheric flow patterns. However, we caution that probabilistic gain in predictability alone is insufficient to conclude a causal link between the SSW and the cold spell event.
Light‐induced excited spin‐state trapping in spin crossover model system
Authors: Karmakar Shiladitya , Ghosh Debashree , Saha‐Dasgupta Tanusri 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe computationally investigate the light‐induced excited spin‐state trapping (LIESST) in a spin crossover (SCO) model system, derived out of [Fe(abpt)2(NCS)2] consisting of Fe(II) SCO center coordinated by bidenate as well as monodentate ligands. For this purpose, we use two complementary techniques: (a) time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) with the choice of different exchange‐correlation functional and (b) multireference approach of complete active space self‐consistent field and complete active‐space second‐order perturbation (CASPT2) theory. We calculate the potential energy curves (PECs) of low‐energy states, as well as spin‐orbit couplings at crossing points of these PECs. Inputting these pieces of information, and the information related to nuclear degrees of freedom within the Franck‐Condon theory, we compute the relaxation rates of possible LIESST mechanisms, as suggested by the two approaches. Based on our findings, we conclude that TDDFT may not be an unreasonable approach to estimate the relaxation rates of real complexes, consisting of several tens to several hundreds of atoms, given its computationally inexpensive nature compared with that of the multireference approaches.
Flip rearrangement in the water pentamer: Analysis of electronic structure
Authors: Xu Tianlv , Bin Xin , Kirk Steven R. , Wales David J. , Jenkins Samantha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTunneling pathways of the flip rearrangement between permutation‐inversion isomers corresponding to the energetically degenerate global energy minima of (H2O)5 are analyzed in terms of the electronic structure. We demonstrate that charge density‐based scalar measures quantify the responses of the bonding to the flip rearrangement and we discovered a high degree of continuity of the values that depend on the presence of the sliding motion of the bond critical point relative to the oxygen atom. The scalar measures can distinguish the pairs of permutation‐inversion isomers everywhere except at the transition state due to the asymmetrical energy barrier; however, they cannot determine the most and least facile directions of the flip rearrangement. The vector or directional character of the two sides of the pathway is captured by the stress tensor trajectories constructed in a non‐Cartesian space, defined by the variation of the position of the bond critical point. The stress tensor trajectories are presented in terms that enable bond‐flexing, bond‐twist, and bond‐anharmonicity of the flip rearrangement between permutation‐inversion isomers to be quantified. The stress tensor trajectories can distinguish the isomers at the transition state and demonstrate that the clockwise and counter‐clockwise directions of the flip rearrangement are the most and least facile respectively.
The role of coastal processes in the management of the mouth of the River Murray, Australia: Present and future challenges
Authors: Thom Bruce , Rocheta Eytan , Steinfeld Celine , Harvey Nick , Pittock Jamie , Cowell Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Murray–Darling Basin is the largest river system in Australia to enter the sea. Prior to regulation of water flows, the Murray Mouth remained open to the sea even during droughts. An open mouth assists in sustaining the ecology of a Ramsar listed wetland and enables the flushing of salt, nutrients, and suspended sediments to the sea. Construction of barrages designed to prevent saltwater ingress has separated the estuary into two sections, a set of freshwater lakes and a saline tidal lagoon area, creating a unique set of management challenges. Under current overextraction of water resources upstream, river flows have been largely insufficient to counter wave and tide processes, which propel marine sands thereby constricting the Murray Mouth. Dredging has been required to maintain an open entrance. Managing this system is part of a 2012 agreement between state and federal governments, through the Murray–Darling Basin Plan. This plan recognizes a healthy end of system; however, the hydrological models failed to factor in the power of the sea in blocking the Murray Mouth. The plan requires that there will be sufficient river flows for the mouth to be open 95% of the time without dredging. Currently, sand ingress from the sea requires dredging most of the time. It is unlikely that there will be sufficient river flows to counteract continued sequestration of marine sand into the mouth. Sea level rise and decreased rainfall in the southern half of the Basin under climate change conditions will require a review of management options to prevent the long‐term degradation of the end of system.
Suppressing Cation Migration and Reducing Particle Cracks in a Layered Fe‐Based Cathode for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Jialu , Han Zhen , Jiang Kezhu , Bai Peilai , Liang Yue , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Peng , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries have huge potential in large‐scale energy storage applications. Layered Fe‐based oxides are one of the desirable cathode materials due to abundance in the earth crust and high activity in electrochemical processes. However, Fe‐ion migration to Na layers is one of the major hurdles leading to irreversible structural degradation. Herein, it is revealed that distinct Fe‐ion migration in cycling NaFeO2 (NFO) should be mainly responsible for the strong local lattice strain and resulting particle cracks, all of which results in the deterioration of electrochemical performance. More importantly, a strategy of Ru doping could effectively suppress the Fe‐ion migration and then reduce the local lattice strain and the particle cracks, finally to greatly enhance the sodium storage performance. Atomic‐scale characterization shows that NFO electrode after cycling presents the intense lattice strain locally, accompanied by the remarkable particle cracks. Whereas, Ru‐doped NFO electrode maintains the well‐ordered layered structure by inhibiting the Fe–O distortion, so as to eliminate the resulting side effect. As a result, Ru‐doped NFO could greatly improve the comprehensive electrochemical performance by delivering a reversible capacity of 120 mA h g−1, about 80% capacity retention after 100 cycles. The findings provide new insights for designing high‐performance electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries.
Adaptive Markov‐based approach for dynamic virtual machine consolidation in cloud data centers with quality‐of‐service constraints
Authors: Monshizadeh Naeen Hossein , Zeinali Esmaeil , Toroghi Haghighat Abolfazl 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDynamic virtual machine (VM) consolidation is one of the emerging technologies that has been considered for low‐cost computing in cloud data centers. Quality‐of‐service (QoS) assurance is one of the challenging issues in the VM consolidation problem since it is directly affected by the increase of resource utilization due to the consolidations. In this paper, we take advantage of Markov chain models to propose a novel approach for VM consolidation that can be used to explicitly set a desired level of QoS constraint in a data center to ensure the QoS goals while improving system utilization. For this purpose, an energy‐efficient and QoS‐aware best fit decreasing algorithm for VM placement is proposed, which considers QoS objective when determining the location of a migrating VM. This algorithm employs an online transition matrix estimator method to deal with the nonstationary nature of real workload data. We also propose new policies for detecting overloaded and underloaded hosts. The performance of our proposed algorithms is evaluated through simulations. The results show that the proposed VM consolidation algorithms in this paper outperforms the benchmark algorithms in terms of energy consumption, service‐level agreement violations, and other cost factors.
From the deliberate managerial strategy towards international business performance: A psychic distance vs. global mindset approach
Authors: Vătămănescu Elena‐Mădălina , Alexandru Vlad‐Andrei , Mitan Andreea , Dabija Dan‐Cristian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe current paper aims to address, within a comprehensive framework, two different facets of the internationalization strategies of small and medium‐sized enterprises, that is, the roles of psychic distance and global mindset within managerial dyadic collaborations. By considering cross‐border ventures as outcomes of deliberate managerial strategies in the quest for achieving international business performance, the study lays emphasis on several dimensions apposite to each of the two constructs, namely, geographic distance and intercultural compatibility for the psychic distance and trust‐based relationships and network‐based connectivity for the global mindset. A questionnaire‐based survey with top managers from 112 European industrial small and medium‐sized enterprises was conducted, the data being processed by means of a structural equation modelling technique. The findings showed that the structural model accounts for 63.9% of the variance in international business performance, whereas the dimensions of psychic distance exert significant positive influences on the endogenous variable.
Physical and Rheological Characteristics of Hydroxypropyl, Acid‐Thinned Tapioca Starch‐Based Plasma Expander for Blood Volume Replacement
Authors: Sookkasem Atitaya , Luang‐ni Paweena , Wansuksri Rungtiva , Lertpanich Sirithorn , Piyachomkwan Kuakoon , Chatpun Surapong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlasma expander (PE) is fluid administered to instantly restore intravascular volume after massive blood loss. PEs can be prepared from various types of polymers such as dextran, albumin, and starch derivatives. This study investigates an alternative source of starch for PEs, that is, hydroxypropyl, acid‐thinned tapioca starch (HPS). HPS is dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride solution at different concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%). The physical and rheological properties (turbidity, pH, colloid osmotic pressure (COP), and viscosity) and storage stability are compared with 6% of hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES 130/0.4). It clearly demonstrates that turbidity, COP, and viscosity of HPS‐based PE increase when the concentration of HPS increases. The pH of the HPS‐based PE is higher than that of the 6% HES 130/0.4. The viscosity of 6% HPS‐based PE is close to 6% HES 130/0.4 that shows a Newtonian fluid behavior. The COP of 8% HPS‐based PE is similar to 6% HES 130/0.4. After storing for 4 weeks, the viscosity of each concentration is of similar value compared to Day 1. Using a hydroxypropyl tapioca starch as PE has more advantages than HES‐based PE, HPS can be prepared more economically and safely, on a commercial scale, than HES.
Memory models in symbolic execution: key ideas and new thoughts
Authors: Borzacchiello Luca , Coppa Emilio , Cono D'Elia Daniele , Demetrescu Camil 
Published: December 2019

SummarySymbolic execution is a popular program analysis technique that allows seeking for bugs by reasoning over multiple alternative execution states at once. As the number of states to explore may grow exponentially, a symbolic executor may quickly run out of space. For instance, a memory access to a symbolic address may potentially reference the entire address space, leading to a combinatorial explosion of the possible resulting execution states. To cope with this issue, state‐of‐the‐art executors either concretize symbolic addresses that span memory intervals larger than some threshold or rely on advanced capabilities of modern satisfiability modulo theories solvers. Unfortunately, concretization may result in missing interesting execution states, for example, where a bug arises, while offloading the entire problem to constraint solvers can lead to very large query times. In this article, we first contribute to systematizing knowledge about memory models for symbolic execution, discussing how four mainstream symbolic executors deal with symbolic addresses. We then introduce MemSight, a new approach to symbolic memory that reduces the need for concretization: rather than mapping address instances to data as previous approaches do, our technique maps symbolic address expressions to data, maintaining the possible alternative states resulting from the memory referenced by a symbolic address in a compact, implicit form. Experiments on prominent programs show that MemSight, which we implemented in both Angr and Klee, enables the exploration of states that are unreachable for memory models that perform concretization and provides a performance level comparable with memory models relying on advanced solver theories.
Critical Review of Exposure and Effects: Implications for Setting Regulatory Health Criteria for Ingested Copper
Authors: Taylor Alicia A. , Tsuji Joyce S. , Garry Michael R. , McArdle Margaret E. , Goodfellow William L. , Adams William J. , Menzie Charles A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDecades of study indicate that copper oral exposures are typically not a human health concern. Ingesting high levels of soluble copper salts can cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms and, in uncommon cases, liver toxicity in susceptible individuals with repeated exposure. This focused toxicological review evaluated the current literature since the last comprehensive reviews (2007–2010). Our review identified limitations in the existing United States and international guidance for determining an oral reference dose (RfD) for essential metals like copper. Instead, an alternative method using categorical regression analysis to develop an optimal dose that considers deficiency, toxicity, and integrates information from human and animal studies was reviewed for interpreting an oral RfD for copper. We also considered subchronic or chronic toxicity from genetic susceptibility to copper dysregulation leading to rare occurrences of liver and other organ toxicity with elevated copper exposure. Based on this approach, an oral RfD of 0.04 mg Cu/kg/day would be protective of acute or chronic toxicity in adults and children. This RfD is also protective for possible genetic susceptibility to elevated copper exposure and allows for background dietary exposures. This dose is not intended to be protective of patients with rare genetic disorders for copper sensitivity within typical nutritional intake ranges, nor is it protective for those with excessive supplement intake. Less soluble mineral forms of copper in soil have reduced bioavailability as compared with more soluble copper in water and diet, which should be considered in using this RfD for risk assessments of copper.
Relationship between Jejunal Interdigestive Migrating Motor Complex and Quality of Life after Total Gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y Reconstruction for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Tomita Ryouichi , Fujisaki Shigeru , Tanjoh Katsuhisa , Fukuzawa Masahiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA total of 22 patients (16 men, 6 women; age 33 to 70 years, m mean, 60.2 years) 1.0 to 1.5 years (mean 1 year and 2 months) after total gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction for early gastric cancer (D2 lymph node dissection, curability A) were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of interdigestive migrating motor complex, phase III (IMMC‐pIII) from the Roux‐en‐Y loop, and postoperative quality of life (QOL) was compared. Results were as follows: (1) Patients in the IMMC‐ pIII positive group (n = 12) had more appetite and ate more food with less decrease in body weight than those in the IMMC‐pIII negative group (n = 10). (2) Patients in the IMMC‐pIII positive group clearly had fewer symptoms, such as early dumping symptoms (systemic symptoms), symptoms of reflux esophagitis (e.g., heartburn, feeling of regurgitation, difficult swallowing), nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal fullness, and borborygmus, than those in the IMMC‐pIII negative group. These results showed a more satisfactory condition in regard to abdominal symptoms in the IMMC‐pIII positive group than in the IMMC‐pIII negative group.
Results of Postoperative Radiotherapy for Resectable Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Gerhards Michael F. , van Gulik Thomas M. , González Dioniso González , Rauws Erik A.J. , Gouma Dirk J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the value of radiotherapy, and especially intraluminal brachytherapy, after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma by analyzing long‐term complications and survival. Between 1983 and 1998, 112 patients underwent resection of a hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Of the 91 patients who survived the postoperative period, 20 patients had no additional radiotherapy, 30 patients had only external radiotherapy (46 ± 11 Gy), and 41 patients had a combination of external (42 ± 5 Gy) and intraluminal brachytherapy (10 ± 2 Gy). Overall, 88% of the patients had late complications, with a significantly higher rate of complications occurring among patients receiving external beam irradiation and brachytherapy. Second to abdominal pain (56%), cholangitis (49%) was the most frequent complication and occurred significantly more often in patients who had received brachytherapy. Retrograde bile leakage after closure of the temporary jejunostomy was a troublesome complication in 24% of patients treated with brachytherapy. Overall median survival after treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy was longer than after resection without additional radiation (24 months versus 8 months, respectively). There was, however, no significant benefit from the use of intraluminal brachytherapy. In conclusion, additional radiotherapy after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma significantly improved survival and is recommended by giving external beam irradiation but not intraluminal brachytherapy.