bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exenatide once weekly slows gastric emptying of solids and liquids in healthy, overweight people at steady‐state concentrations
Authors: Jones Karen L. , Huynh Lian Q. , Hatzinikolas Seva , Rigda Rachael S. , Phillips Liza K. , Pham Hung T. , Marathe Chinmay S. , Wu Tongzhi , Malbert Charles H. , Stevens Julie E. , Lange Kylie , Rayner Christopher K. , Horowitz Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effects of 8 weeks’ administration of exenatide (EXE) once weekly on gastric emptying of solids and liquids (using the “gold standard” technique, scintigraphy), glucose absorption and postprandial glycaemia in healthy people.Material and methodsA total of 32 healthy participants were randomized to receive either EXE once weekly (2 mg/wk subcutaneously; six men, 10 women, mean age 59.9 ± 0.9 years, mean body mass index [BMI] 29.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2) or matching placebo (PBO; six men, 10 women, mean age 60.6 ± 1.2 years, mean BMI 29.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2) for 8 weeks. Gastric emptying, nausea (visual analogue scale), and plasma glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and glucagon were measured for 120 min after a solid/liquid meal, comprising 100 g ground beef (radiolabelled with 20 MBq 99mTc‐sulphur colloid) and 150 mL 10% glucose (radiolabelled with 7 MBq 67Ga‐EDTA), and containing 5 g 3‐O‐methyl‐glucose (3‐OMG) as a marker of glucose absorption, at baseline and after 8 weeks’ treatment.ResultsThe study treatments were well tolerated. Scores for nausea were consistently low, with no difference between the EXE once weekly and PBO groups. EXE once weekly slowed gastric emptying of solids (area under the curve [AUC]0–120min: P < 0.05) and liquids (AUC0–120min: P = 0.01) substantially, and attenuated glucose absorption (3‐OMG incremental AUC [iAUC]0–30min: P = 0.001) and the postprandial rise in plasma glucose (iAUC0–30min: P = 0.008). Plasma glucagon at 2 h was reduced by EXE once weekly (P = 0.001). The magnitude of the reduction in plasma glucose at t = 30 min from baseline to 8 weeks with EXE once weekly was related inversely to the 50% emptying time of the glucose drink (r = −0.55, P = 0.03).ConclusionsIn healthy participants, 8 weeks’ administration of the “long‐acting” glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist EXE, slowed gastric emptying of solids and liquids substantially, with consequent reductions in glucose absorption and postprandial glycaemia.
The role of national settings in the economic resilience of regions—Evidence from recessionary shocks in Europe from 1990 to 2014
Authors: Hundt Christian , Holtermann Linus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the particular role of the national setting for the economic resilience of regions during the resistance and recovery phase. Our empirical set‐up introduces a spatial hierarchy of 249 NUTS‐2 regions nested in 22 European countries while it includes numerous recessionary shocks from 1990 to 2014. Our results suggest that the impact of the national setting is strongest during the resistance phase when the national level accounts for up to 44.9% of the variance in regional GDP development. During recovery, however, the national share decreases but still amounts to no less than 22.0%. Apart from the direct effects that originate from, for example, regulatory density and fiscal policy measures, the national impact takes the form of cross‐level moderation effects. These indirect effects indicate that the regional patterns of resilience are additionally shaped by the inter‐linkages of country‐specific institutional factors and regional determinants. Taking all this into account, regional economic resilience is anything but just a matter of regional capacities.
Coupling osmotic dehydration with heat treatment for green papaya impregnated with blackberry juice solution
Authors: Jiménez Nadiarid , Bassama Joseph , Soto Marvin , Dornier Manuel , Pérez Ana Mercedes , Vaillant Fabrice , Bohuon Philippe 
Published: January 2020

SummarySlices (1.5 mm thick) of green papaya were impregnated through osmotic dehydration with a blackberry juice–sucrose solution to produce an intermediate moisture product. The effect of processing temperature (T) and sucrose‐added molality (msucrose) on mass transfer during the operation was assessed, using a response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM was used to model water loss, sugar and anthocyanin gain during the process. Increasing sucrose molality resulted in increasing water loss and sugar gain, but decreasing anthocyanin gain. Water transfer therefore limits anthocyanin impregnation, but not sucrose incorporation. Afterwards, the impact of heat treatment at high temperatures was analysed, using numerical simulation. The conditions of the combined process, designed to achieve an anthocyanin‐rich final product, are low sucrose‐added molalities (sucrose molality < 1 mol kg–1) and high processing temperatures (T > 50 ºC) for osmotic dehydration, coupled with high‐temperature, short‐time (HTST) heat treatments for product stabilisation.
A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial of pain and discomfort during maxillary expansion: Leaf expander versus hyrax expander
Authors: Ugolini Alessandro , Cossellu Gianguido , Farronato Marco , Silvestrini‐Biavati Armando , Lanteri Valentina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPain suffered by the young patient is the most frequent symptom during orthodontic treatment and is the one that most frightens children and causes worry in their families.AimTo investigate pain perception and function impairment during the first week of activation of two palatal expansion screws.DesignA total of 101 subjects were randomly divided into two groups: RME group included patients treated with the standard hyrax expansion screw and LEAF group included patients treated with Leaf Expander appliance. Pain intensity was assessed via the Wong‐Baker scale. A questionnaire on oral function impairments was also compiled by the patients.ResultsThe Pain Scale analysis showed that patients in the RME group suffered from a significantly higher level of pain than those in the LEAF group (88.6% vs 25%, P < .01). RME group showed highest pain indexes from day 1 to day 4 (51.4% RME vs 9.7% LEAF suffered at least once from strong pain in the first 4 days, P < .01). Furthermore, oral functions were similarly affected in both groups.ConclusionsPain reported during maxillary arch expansion is influenced by clinical activation protocol and by the screw type. Patients treated with Leaf Expander reported significantly lower pain level in the first 7 days of treatment.
Scheduling the vehicles of bus rapid transit systems: a case study
Authors: Sevim İsmail , Tekiner‐Moğulkoç Hatice , Güler Mehmet Güray 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBus rapid transit (BRT) is a cost‐efficient, traffic‐free bus‐based transportation system competing with subways. There are 205 municipalities around the world that implemented their own BRT systems. Istanbul, having the sixth‐most congested traffic in the world, built its own BRT system (Metrobüs), which serves more than 830,000 people (6.45% of all public transportation usage) in a day with 6254 trips covered by its current fleet of 496 vehicles. In this study, we model the vehicle scheduling problem of Metrobüs as a multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem. The model aims to minimize the fleet size and total deadhead kilometers while covering all timetabled trips. We propose a new heuristic, trips merger (TM), to solve the model and show that there exists cost reduction opportunities in terms of both fleet size and deadhead kilometers. The proposed heuristic is a member of the state‐space reduction heuristics family, which first reduces the problem size, then solves the reduced problem. Computational study reveals that TM performed better than the existing state‐space reduction heuristics for the Metrobüs case.
The contractor time–cost–credit trade‐off problem: integer programming model, heuristic solution, and business insights
Authors: Al‐Shihabi Sameh , AlDurgam Mohammad M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContractors in the construction sector face several trade‐offs between time and cost. The time–cost trade‐off (TCT) is one of these trade‐offs where contractors can reduce a project completion time by assigning more resources to activities, which means spending more money, to shorten the execution times of project activities. On the other hand, contractors who finance their projects through credit lines from banks such that if they reach their credit limits, then the start times of some project activities can be delayed until cash is available again, which might lead to an increase in the project execution time; thus, contractors need to consider the time–credit trade‐off. In this work, we simultaneously consider these two trade‐offs that affect the project completion time and use mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to model the contractor time–cost–credit trade‐off (TCCT) problem. The MILP model minimizes the project execution time given the contractor's budgetary and financial constraints. In addition to the MILP model, we also develop a heuristic solution algorithm to solve the problem. Through a set of benchmark instances, we study the effectiveness of the heuristic algorithm and the computation time of the exact model. It is found that a good upper bound for the MILP results in less computation time. We also study some practical aspects of the problem where we highlight the importance of expediting contractor payments in addition to selecting a financially stable contractor. Finally, we use our MILP model to help a contractor bid for a project.
An arc flow formulation to the multitrip production, inventory, distribution, and routing problem with time windows
Authors: Ramos Bruna , Alves Cláudio , Valério de Carvalho José 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe multitrip production, inventory, distribution, and routing problem with time windows (MPIDRPTW) is an integrated problem that combines a production and distribution problem, a multitrip vehicle routing problem, and an inventory routing problem. In the MPIDRPTW, a set of customers, which have a time‐varying demand during a finite planning horizon, is served by a single production facility. The distribution is accomplished by a fleet of homogeneous vehicles that deliver the customer orders within their specific time windows. Production management has to be done according to the inventories at the facility and at the customers. An exact arc flow model based on a graph is proposed to solve the MPIDRPTW, where the nodes represent instants of time. The main goal of the problem is to minimize the costs associated with the entire system. The proposed approach was implemented and a set of experimental tests were conducted based on a set of adapted instances from the literature.
A novel efficient RhB absorbent of Mo2N/MoO2 composite nanofibers for wastewater treatment
Authors: Cheng Jing , Xing Yan , Wang Ziyuan , Zhao Xiaohui , Zhong XiQiang , Pan Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMo2N/MoO2 composite nanofibers have been prepared via an electrospinning and controlled nitridation process. The composite nanofibers exhibit a highly efficient Rhodamine B (RhB) absorption behavior with a rate constant of 0.153 g min−1 mg−1, which is about 20 times of the commercial‐activated carbon material. Furthermore, the nanofibers show stable absorption activity after recycled by an environmental friendly procedure for four times. The excellent absorption performance of Mo2N/MoO2 composite nanofibers demonstrates a promising application of Mo2N‐related materials as an absorbent for wastewater treatment.
Molecular Phylogeny of Polychaos annulatum (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea, Euamoebida) Shows that Genus Polychaos Belongs to the Family Hartmannellidae
Authors: Kamyshatskaya Oksana G. , Bondarenko Natalya I. , Mesentsev Yelisei S. , Chistyakova Ludmila V. , Nassonova Elena S. , Smirnov Alexey V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have obtained a sequence of the 18S rRNA gene of the species Polychaos annulatum (Penard 1902) Smirnov et Goodkov 1998 using the isolation of a single nucleus from an amoeba cell. Attempts to amplify the 18S rRNA gene from the DNA of this species by conventional PCR were not successful, so we applied the whole genome amplification of the nuclear DNA followed by NGS sequencing. The 18S rRNA gene was found among the resulting contigs. The analysis unexpectedly shows that P. annulatum robustly groups within the family Hartmannellidae, but not Amoebidae. This finding warrants revision of the basic morphological criteria used to classify Euamoebida families and show that “proteus‐type” amoebae may belong to other families rather than Amoebidae. This makes taxonomic assignments of such species more complex and the borders between Euamoebida families more nuanced. It is getting evident that molecular data are necessary to clarify the position of species even in this most “classical” order of naked lobose amoebae.
Spanning Borders, Cultures, and Generations: A Decade of Research on Immigrant Families
Authors: Van Hook Jennifer , Glick Jennifer E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe authors review research conducted during the past decade on immigrant families, focusing primarily on the United States and the sending countries with close connections to the United States. They note several major advances. First, researchers have focused extensively on immigrant families that are physically separated but socially and economically linked across origin and destination communities and explored what these family arrangements mean for family structure and functions. Second, family scholars have explored how contexts of reception shape families and family relationships. Of special note is research that documented the experiences and risks associated with undocumented legal status for parents and children. Third, family researchers have explored how the acculturation and enculturation process operates as families settle in the destination setting and raise the next generation. Looking forward, they identify several possible directions for future research to better understand how immigrant families have responded to a changing world in which nations and economies are increasingly interconnected and diverse, populations are aging, and family roles are in flux and where these changes are often met with fear and resistance in immigrant‐receiving destinations.
Comparing Augmentative Plating and Exchange Nailing for the Treatment of Nonunion of Femoral Shaft Fracture after Intramedullary Nailing: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Jin Yao‐feng , Xu Hai‐chao , Shen Zhong‐hai , Pan Xue‐kang , Xie Hui 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of augmentative plating (AP) and exchange nailing (EN) in the treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture.MethodsFor the present meta‐analysis, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant articles up to April 2019. Two investigators independently evaluated the quality of original publications following the guidelines proposed by the Cochrane Handbook. Data were extracted from the studies and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.ResultsFive studies were included in this meta‐analysis, with a total of 506 patients. There were 232 patients in the AP group and 276 patients in the EN group. The AP group was associated with higher union rate (OR, 11.66; 95% CI, 4.31–31.50; P < 0.01), shorter union time (SMD, −1.10; 95% CI, −2.09 to −0.11; P = 0.03), shorter operation time (SMD, −0.55; 95% CI, −0.88 to −0.21; P < 0.01), less blood loss (SMD, −1.72; 95% CI, −3.33 to −0.11; P < 0.01), and fewer complications (OR, −0.11; 95% CI, −0.16 to −0.07; P < 0.01) than the EN group.ConclusionThe results of the meta‐analysis showed that AP is found to be superior for nonunion of femoral shaft fractures in both intraoperatively (ie, shorter operation time and less blood loss) and postoperatively (ie, higher union rate, shorter union time, and lower complication rate). Overall, AP was superior to EN in the treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fractures after intramedullary nailing (IMN).
Personal Identity and National Identity: An Analogy
Authors: Chenavier Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSimone Weil writes in one of her notebooks: “When one arrives at the absolute one can only express oneself by identities … – For identity alone expresses the unconditioned” (Cahiers, in Œuvres complètes, t. VI, vol. 4 (Paris: Gallimard, 2006), 113). Thus, it is that “the good is the good”, one and the same, unconditionally. Certainly, an individual is unique, a nation is equally so. Nevertheless, personal identity – or “character” – and the identity of a nation are not absolutes. When we wish to treat them as absolutes, we ignore the fact that the “person,” as well as the “nation”, only exists within relationships that they are subject to exterior circumstances and that their identity is situated in time. Is one correct to suppose that the character of an individual or the identity of the nation are “invariables that one continues to find throughout various manifestations”, (“Notes sur le caractère”, Écrits de Marseille, in Œuvres complètes, Op. cit., t. IV, vol. 1 (2008), 87) observed or probable? We hypothesize here that one can apply to national identity what Simone Weil wrote about the notion of character, in notes composed in Marseille and in her commentary on the Our Father (“À propos du Pater”, ibid., 337‐345).
How does violence affect exporters? Evidence from political strikes in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Reshad N. , Iqbal Kazi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing novel daily data, we examine the impact of political violence on firm‐level export activity. Our data cover the universe of political strikes and export transactions in Bangladesh during 2010–2013 and allow us to examine the effects of these strikes at a highly granular level. We first show that multiday political strikes lower the likelihood that a firm will export by 6.30 percentage points. We then examine whether these disruptions result in adverse effects on export prices. Given that this violence creates greater risk of missed shipments, importers may respond by demanding lower prices as compensation. We provide the first evidence of such adverse price effects of political violence. Our results suggest that during July to December, 2013, when there was a multiday political strike every 5 days, the prices of time‐sensitive Bangladeshi products declined by 1.59%.
Consociation in the Present
Authors: O’Leary Brendan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConsociation, one type of power‐sharing, is perhaps the least appreciated. This article reviews and replies to a collection celebrating Arend Lijphart’s pioneering article on consociational democracy published in 1969. The consociational perspective retains its interpretive power, including in the examination of major polities, such as the European Union, the Indian Union, and the USA. In the classical cases, consociational persistence in Belgium and Switzerland contrasts with decay or dissolution in Austria and the Netherlands. Whether the Good Friday Agreement over Northern Ireland demonstrates that consociation rewards ethnic extremism remains unproven. Far from being an exhausted research program, the consociational theme remains vibrant within comparative political analysis, and in the repertoire for managing deeply divided places. No one has ever claimed that consociation is a panacea for national, ethnic, religious or linguistic conflict. Yet the principles of parity, proportionality, autonomy, and minority veto‐rights remain cogent in analysis and political prescription.
Reuse of voucher specimens provides insights into the genomic associations and taxonomic value of wing colour and genitalic differences in a pest group (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Choristoneura)
Authors: French Rowan L. K. , Lebunasin Pasan N. A. , Brunet Bryan M. T. , Lumley Lisa M. , Cusson Michel , Levesque Roger C. , Sperling Felix A. H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSubtle morphological differences can be essential to diagnosing closely related species, and an understanding of the genetic basis of these characters can contribute to understanding their divergences. We used voucher specimens from previous genetic analyses of population structure to subsequently analyse genome‐wide associations linking morphology to genetic variation in spruce budworms, a group of economically important and morphologically similar forest pests. In particular, we assessed the taxonomic value and genetic architecture of two morphological traits (wing pattern and genitalic spicule abundance) that have been reported to differ among spruce budworm species. Our results suggest that phallic spicule number has greater taxonomic utility than wing pattern for distinguishing Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) from Choristoneura occidentalis occidentalis Freeman and Choristoneura occidentalis biennis Freeman. However, there was considerable overlap among taxa for all phenotypic characters analysed. In a genome‐wide association study, wing pattern variation was significantly associated with four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, including two adjacent SNPs. One SNP was flanked by sequence resembling RNA‐directed DNA polymerase from mobile element jockey‐like. This locus is a promising candidate for the study of wing pattern development in spruce budworms, as jockey‐like transposable elements and polymerases have documented roles in wing spot production in other Lepidoptera. Our study links classical taxonomic characters and genomic data to provide insights into the potential genetic architecture of species differences. It also demonstrates previously untapped morphological and taxonomic value in voucher specimens from earlier molecular genetic analyses.
Pre‐hospital transfusion of red blood cells. Part 2: A systematic review of treatment effects on outcomes
Authors: van Turenhout Elisabeth C. , Bossers Sebastiaan M. , Loer Stephan A. , Giannakopoulos Georgios F. , Schwarte Lothar A. , Schober Patrick 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe primary aim of this systematic review is to describe the effects of prehospital transfusion of red blood cells (PHTRBC) on patient outcomes. Damage control resuscitation attempts to prevent death through haemorrhage in trauma patients. In this context, transfusion of red blood cells is increasingly used by emergency medical services (EMS). However, evidence on the effects on outcomes is scarce. PubMed and Web of Science were searched through January 2019; 55 articles were included. No randomised controlled studies were identified. While several observational studies suggest an increased survival after PHTRBC, consistent evidence for beneficial effects of PHTRBC on survival was not found. PHTRBC appears to improve haemodynamic parameters, but there is no evidence that shock on arrival to hospital is averted, nor of an association with trauma induced coagulopathy or with length of stay in hospitals or intensive care units. In conclusion, PHTRBC is increasingly used by EMS, but there is no strong evidence for effects of PHTRBC on mortality. Further research with study designs that allow causal inferences is required for more conclusive evidence. The combination of PHTRBC with plasma, as well as the use of individualised transfusion criteria, may potentially show more benefits and should be thoroughly investigated in the future. The review was registered at Prospero (CRD42018084658).