bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic fatigue resistance and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis of novel heat‐treated nickel–titanium instruments at body temperature
Authors: Micoogullari Kurt Seniha , Kaval Mehmet Emin , Serefoglu Burcu , Kandemir Demirci Gözde , Çalışkan Mehmet Kemal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of Dia‐X, WaveOne Gold and One Curve files in a water bath at intracanal temperature (35°C). Thirty‐nine instruments Dia‐X, WaveOne Gold, and One Curve systems (n = 13) were tested in an artificial canal with a curvature angle of 60° and a radius of 3 mm. A water bath setup at a temperature of 35°C was used to simulate the intracanal temperature and time to fracture (TTF) as seconds was recorded. The mean data were analyzed statistically using one‐way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey test (p = .05). The fractured surface of the instruments was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition of the instruments were investigated with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Statistically significant differences were detected in TTF values of all the systems as follows: One Curve > WaveOne Gold > Dia‐X (p < .05). One Curve instruments demonstrated the highest TTF values in all the tested instruments. The EDS microanalysis revealed similar NiTi composition of on the surface of One Curve, WaveOne Gold, and Dia‐X instruments. The novel manufacturing process, including C‐wire heat treatment and the variable cross‐section of the One Curve files, could be the main factors affecting the fatigue life of the instruments.
Phasor‐FLIM analysis of Thioflavin T self‐quenching in Concanavalin amyloid fibrils
Authors: Sancataldo Giuseppe , Anselmo Sara , Vetri Valeria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe formation of amyloid structures has traditionally been related to human neurodegenerative pathologies and, in recent years, the interest in these highly stable nanostructures was extended to biomaterial sciences. A common method to monitor amyloid growth is the analysis of Thioflavin T fluorescence. The use of this highly selective dye, diffused worldwide, allows mechanistic studies of supramolecular assemblies also giving back important insight on the structure of these aggregates. Here we present experimental evidence of self‐quenching effect of Thioflavin T in presence of amyloid fibrils. A significant reduction of fluorescence lifetime of this dye which is not related to the properties of analyzed amyloid structures is found. This result is achieved by coupling Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy with phasor approach as suitable model‐free methods and constitute a serious warning that have to be taken in account if is dye is used for quantitative studies.
Intravital imaging of eosinophils: Unwrapping the enigma
Authors: Nguyen William N T , Jacobsen Elizabeth A , Finney Constance A M , Colarusso Pina , Patel Kamala D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Eosinophils are traditionally associated with allergic and parasitic inflammation. More recently, eosinophils have also been shown to have roles in diverse processes including development, intestinal health, thymic selection, and B-cell survival with the majority of these insights being derived from murine models and in vitro assays. Despite this, tools to measure the dynamic activity of eosinophils in situ have been lacking. Intravital microscopy is a powerful tool that enables direct visualization of leukocytes and their dynamic behavior in real-time in a wide range of processes in both health and disease. Until recently eosinophil researchers have not been able to take full advantage of this technology due to a lack of tools such as genetically encoded reporter mice. This mini-review examines the history of intravital microscopy with a focus on eosinophils. The development and use of eosinophil-specific Cre (EoCre) mice to create GFP and tdTomato fluorescent reporter animals is also described. Genetically encoded eosinophil reporter mice combined with intravital microscopy provide a powerful tool to add to the toolbox of technologies that will help us unravel the mysteries still surrounding this cell.
Eosinophils in wound healing and epithelial remodeling: Is coagulation a missing link?
Authors: Coden Mackenzie E , Berdnikovs Sergejs 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Eosinophils are often cited as playing roles in wound healing and epithelial remodeling; however, the exact triggers and mechanisms of such activity remain poorly understood. Eosinophils show the remarkable capacity to partner with coagulation, which is a highly conserved biologic system evolved to protect an organism from injury by promoting hemostasis and tissue repair. Eosinophils contribute directly by producing key factors in coagulation (tissue factor, thrombin) and fibrinolysis (plasminogen). Moreover, they have been shown to interact with other players in these cascades, such as fibrinogen and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor system, which further promotes coagulation and fibrinolysis. Although primarily thought of in the contexts of blood clotting and vascular repair, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems play key roles within tissue, in particular during epithelial injury and remodeling. Chronic inflammation and remodeling frequently associate with pro-thrombotic and pro-coagulation state. There is a striking association between eosinophils and dysregulated coagulation in animal models and human disease. This review will examine the mechanistic links between eosinophils and the coagulation system in the context of epithelial injury and repair, as well as evidence for this interaction in heart disease, type 2 inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Collectively, multiple emerging studies summarized in this review elucidate an overlooked, but potentially fundamental, biologic mechanism to engage eosinophils in processes of epithelial injury and repair.
Integrated immune gene expression signature and molecular classification in gastric cancer: New insights
Authors: Refolo Maria Grazia , Lotesoriere Claudio , Messa Caterina , Caruso Maria Gabriella , D'Alessandro Rosalba 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by extreme heterogeneity due to histopathological differences, molecular characteristics, and immune gene expression signature. Until recently, several targeted therapies failed due to this complexity. The recent immunotherapy resulted in more effective and safe approaches in several malignancies. All tumors could be considered potentially immunogenic and the new knowledge regarding the interactions among tumor cells, immune cells, and tumor microenvironment (TME) allowed to reverse possible immune resistance. The immune response is a complex multisteps process that finely regulates the balance between the recognition of non-self and the prevention of autoimmunity. Cancer cells can use these pathways to suppress tumor immunity as a major mechanism of immune resistance. The recent molecular classifications of GCs by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and by the Asian Cancer Research (ACRG) networks, together with the identification of multiple biomarkers, open new perspectives for stratification of patients who might benefit from a long-term immune checkpoint therapy. One of the major processes that contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment is represented by tumor angiogenesis. The cellular mechanisms inducing both angiogenesis and immunosuppressive responses are often reached by the same cell types and soluble factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Recent studies point out that combinatorial strategies should be adapted as useful therapeutic approach to reverse the immunosuppressive status of microenvironment occurring in a relevant percentage of gastric tumors.
On the origin of low-density neutrophils
Authors: Hassani Marwan , Hellebrekers Pien , Chen Na , van Aalst Corneli , Bongers Suus , Hietbrink Falco , Koenderman Leo , Vrisekoop Nienke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Here we elaborate on the origin of low(er)-density neutrophils (LDNs) to better understand the variation found in literature. Supplemented with original data, we test the hypothesis that buoyant density of neutrophils is characterized by a spectrum that as a whole shifts to a lower density after activation. Both the 20% highest density (HDNs) and 20% lowest density (LDNs) neutrophils from healthy donors were isolated by Percoll of different densities. Using this method we found that LDNs were significantly better in T-cell suppression and bacterial containment than their 20% highest density counterparts. We found no statistically relevant differences in neutrophil survival or bacterial phagocytosis. Stimulation of healthy donor neutrophils with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine induced LDNs co-segregating with peripheral blood mononuclear cells after Ficoll separation. These in vitro induced LDNs showed increased activation markers compared to HDNs and were comparable to the activation markers found on the LDN fraction seen in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions such as present in cancer patients. This all fits with the hypothesis that the density of neutrophils is distributed in a spectrum partially coupled to maturation. Additionally a shift in this spectrum can be induced by in vitro stimulation or by activation in disease.
Unraveling the connection between eosinophils and obesity
Authors: Calco Gina N , Fryer Allison D , Nie Zhenying 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Obesity affects more than 650 million adults worldwide and is a major risk factor for a variety of serious comorbidities. The prevalence of obesity has tripled in the past forty years and continues to rise. Eosinophils have recently been implicated in providing a protective role against obesity. Decreasing eosinophils exacerbates weight gain and contributes to glucose intolerance in high fat diet-induced obese animals, while increasing eosinophils prevents high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue and body weight gain. Human studies, however, do not support a protective role for eosinophils in obesity. More recent animal studies have also reported conflicting results. Considering these contradictory findings, the relationship between eosinophils and obesity may not be unidirectional. In this mini-review, we summarize a recent debate regarding the role of adipose tissue eosinophils in metabolic disorders, and discuss local and systemic effects of eosinophils in obesity. Given that adipose eosinophils play a role in tissue homeostasis, more research is needed to understand the primary function of adipose tissue eosinophils in their microenvironment. Therapeutic interventions that target eosinophils in adipose tissue may have the potential to reduce inflammation and body fat, while improving metabolic dysfunction in obese patients.
Keratinocyte: A trigger or an executor of psoriasis?
Authors: Ni Xinhui , Lai Yuping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal proliferation/differentiation of keratinocytes and excessive immune cell infiltration in the dermis and epidermis. Over the past 2 decades, immune cells have been considered as the main driver of psoriasis because the neutralizing antibodies targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis that regulates cross-talk between dendritic cells and T cells achieve tremendous success in the treatment of psoriasis. However, whether keratinocyte would be a driver of psoriasis or just an executor in response to immune cells is still under debate. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the identification of keratinocyte as a trigger of psoriasis, summarize on the role of keratinocytes in self-perpetuating loop to maintain inflammation in psoriasis, and then discuss the possible roles of keratinocytes in the relapse of psoriasis.
Radiomics Based on MRI as a Biomarker to Guide Therapy by Predicting Upgrading of Prostate Cancer From Biopsy to Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Zhang Gu‐mu‐yang , Han Yu‐qi , Wei Jing‐wei , Qi Ya‐fei , Gu Dong‐sheng , Lei Jing , Yan Wei‐gang , Xiao Yu , Xue Hua‐dan , Feng Feng , Sun Hao , Jin Zheng‐yu , Tian Jie 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundBiopsy Gleason score (GS) is crucial for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment decision‐making. Upgrading in GS from biopsy to radical prostatectomy (RP) puts a proportion of patients at risk of undertreatment.PurposeTo develop and validate a radiomics model based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp‐MRI) to predict PCa upgrading.Study TypeRetrospective, radiomics.PopulationA total of 166 RP‐confirmed PCa patients (training cohort, n = 116; validation cohort, n = 50) were included.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/T2‐weighted (T2W), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) sequences.AssessmentPI‐RADSv2 score for each tumor was recorded. Radiomic features were extracted from T2W, ADC, and DCE sequences and Mutual Information Maximization criterion was used to identify the optimal features on each sequence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop predictive models and a radiomics nomogram and their performance was evaluated.Statistical TestsStudent's t or chi‐square were used to assess the differences in clinicopathologic data between the training and validation cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.ResultsIn PI‐RADSv2 assessment, 67 lesions scored 5, 70 lesions scored 4, and 29 lesions scored 3. For each sequence, 4404 features were extracted and the top 20 best features were selected. The radiomics model incorporating signatures from the three sequences achieved better performance than any single sequence (AUC: radiomics model 0.868, T2W 0.700, ADC 0.759, DCE 0.726). The combined mode incorporating radiomics signature, clinical stage, and time from biopsy to RP outperformed the clinical model and radiomics model (AUC: combined model 0.910, clinical model 0.646, radiomics model 0.868). The nomogram showed good performance (AUC 0.910) and calibration (P‐values: training cohort 0.624, validation cohort 0.294).Data ConclusionRadiomics based on mp‐MRI has potential to predict upgrading of PCa from biopsy to RP.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1239–1248.
Multielemental characterization of honey using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry fused with chemometrics
Authors: Voica Cezara , Iordache Andreea M. , Ionete Roxana E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHoney is considered a desirable ingredient in a range of different foodstuffs because of its nutrient and therapeutic effect. The honey characteristics mainly depend on the type of vegetation visited by the bees and the climatic conditions in which the plants are growing. Therefore, the purity, floral and geographical origin and authenticity are important factors influencing the overall perception of honey and honey‐based products in terms of quality and price. An important parameter in this picture is the elemental composition of honey because it can be linked with the floral type of honey, floral plant density and the botanical origin of nectar and pollens. In this work, the concentration range variation of 18 elements (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, K, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) was investigated in four varieties of honey (linden, acacia, rape, and sunflower) originating from Romania, because the elemental profile of honey may give important information to differentiate its geographical and varietal origin for authenticity purpose. All the determinations were carried out by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP‐Q‐MS). The most abundant minerals decreased in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Na, having the mean values of 248.70, 59.97, 20.54 and 11.92 mg kg−1, respectively. The mineral content marks the differences in honey samples from different botanical origin and can be used as a tool for authentication purposes and also extends its applicability to assess the traceability of honey. Analysis of variance showed the preliminary relationships between the elements and samples. Further, the discrimination between different studied honey samples was achieved by principal component analysis (PCA).The multivariate analysis of the data allowed us to separate the honey samples into distinct groups according to their macroelement and microelement composition, emphasizing the origin of variation of element concentrations by honey type. Therefore, this approach might be potentially useful for the control of honey quality, origin or authenticity, and even to use the honey as environmental tracer.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the electron ionization mass spectrum of tabun
Authors: Chernicharo Francisco C.S. , Modesto‐Costa Lucas , Borges Itamar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTabun (ethyl N,N‐dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate), or GA, is a chemical warfare nerve agent produced during the World War II. The synthesis of its analogs is rather simple; thus, it is a significant threat. Furthermore, experiments with tabun and other nerve agents are greatly limited by the involved life risks and the severe restrictions imposed by the Chemical Weapons Convention. For these reasons, accurate theoretical assignment of fragmentation pathways can be especially important. In this work, we employ the Quantum Chemistry Electron Ionization Mass Spectra method, which combines molecular dynamics, quantum chemistry methods, and stochastic approaches, to accurately investigate the electron ionization/mass spectrometry (EI/MS) fragmentation spectrum and pathways of the tabun molecule. We found that different rearrangement reactions occur including a McLafferty involving the nitrile group. An essential and characteristic pathway for identification of tabun and analogs, a two‐step fragmentation producing the m/z 70 ion, was confirmed. The present results will be also useful to predict EI/MS spectrum and fragmentation pathways of other members of the tabun family, namely, the O‐alkyl/cycloalkyl N,N‐dialkyl (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or propyl) phosphoramidocyanidates.
Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know?
Authors: He Feng , Deng Yu , Li Weina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn late December 2019, a cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases has been reported in Wuhan, China. A few days later, the causative agent of this mysterious pneumonia was identified as a novel coronavirus. This causative virus has been temporarily named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the relevant infected disease has been named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) by the World Health Organization, respectively. The COVID‐19 epidemic is spreading in China and all over the world now. The purpose of this review is primarily to review the pathogen, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19, but also to comment briefly on the epidemiology and pathology based on the current evidence.
Implementation of sparse recovery method with high‐resolution time‐frequency energy distributions for helicopter
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Yang Shuhui , Yin Hongcheng , Huo Chaoying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an algorithm named the sparse Wigner‐Ville distribution (WVD) is applied for the time‐frequency analysis of signals. In this algorithm, the sampling for ambiguity function (AF) is regarded as a sparsity measurement of the WVD, and the Fourier transform matrix is treated as a sparsity redundant dictionary. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by using the liner frequency modulation and sinusoidal frequency modulation signals. Then the algorithm is employed to deal with the time‐frequency analysis of helicopters. The experiment results show that the time‐frequency images of helicopters obtained by utilizing this algorithm exhibit higher resolution without cross‐interference terms compared with that by WVD.
GDF15 promotes simultaneous astrocyte remodeling and tight junction strengthening at the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Malik Victoria A. , Zajicek Franziska , Mittmann Laura A. , Klaus Johannes , Unterseer Sandra , Rajkumar Sandeep , Pütz Benno , Deussing Jan M. , Neumann Inga D. , Rupprecht Rainer , Di Benedetto Barbara 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPerivascular astrocyte processes (PAP) surround cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) and modulate the strengthening of tight junctions to influence blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Morphologically altered astrocytes may affect barrier properties and trigger the onset of brain pathologies. However, astrocyte‐dependent mediators of these events remain poorly studied. Here, we show a pharmacologically driven elevated expression and release of growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in rat primary astrocytes and cerebral PAP. GDF15 has been shown to possess trophic properties for motor neurons, prompting us to hypothesize similar effects on astrocytes. Indeed, its increased expression and release occurred simultaneously to morphological changes of astrocytes in vitro and PAP, suggesting modulatory effects of GDF15 on these cells, but also neighboring EC. Administration of recombinant GDF15 was sufficient to promote astrocyte remodeling and enhance barrier properties between ECs in vitro, whereas its pharmacogenetic abrogation prevented these effects. We validated our findings in male high anxiety‐related behavior rats, an animal model of depressive‐like behavior, with shrunk PAP associated with reduced expression of the junctional protein claudin‐5, which were both restored by a pharmacologically induced increase in GDF15 expression. Thus, we identified GDF15 as an astrocyte‐derived trigger of astrocyte process remodeling linked to enhanced tight junction strengthening at the BBB.
Determination of content of camel milk in adulterated milk samples by normalized real‐time polymerase chain reaction system based on single‐copy nuclear genes
Authors: Wang Zhiying , Li Tingting , Yu Wenjie , Qiao Lu , Liu Rui , Li Shanshan , Zhao Yan , Yang Shuming , Chen Ailiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCompared with the traditional qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which only identifies the category of species, the quantitative PCR method provides a value, which is very important for appropriate penalty enforcement according to the extent of adulteration. However, most of the current quantitative PCR methods are based on mitochondrial genes, expressing different copy numbers in different cells and reducing the accuracy of quantitative results. In this study, single‐copy nuclear housekeeping genes, instead of multicopy mitochondrial genes, were selected as both camel species‐specific and reference genes to develop a novel normalized PCR system.RESULTSThis system had an excellent linear correlation (R2 = 0.9614) between camel milk content and Ct ratio (specific/reference genes), and allowed quantitative determination of the content of camel milk in adulterated milk samples. The accuracy was effectively validated using simulated adulterated samples with recoveries ranging from 90% to 120% and coefficient of variation less than 10%, exhibiting sufficient parameters of trueness and precision.CONCLUSIONSThe normalized PCR system based on single‐copy nuclear genes is a simple, rapid and reliable method for the determination of the content of camel milk in adulterated milk samples, and also provides technical support for appropriate penalty enforcement. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry