bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of AbobotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Hemiparesis in Adults with Lower Limb Spasticity Previously Treated With Other Botulinum Toxins: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Esquenazi Alberto , Stoquart Gaëtan , Hedera Peter , Jacinto Luis Jorge , Dimanico Ugo , Constant‐Boyer Francois , Brashear Allison , Grandoulier Anne‐Sophie , Vilain Claire , Picaut Philippe , Gracies Jean‐Michel 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the safety and efficacy of abobotulinumtoxinA in patients previously treated with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) products other than abobotulinumtoxinA.DesignSecondary analysis from a phase 3, double‐blind, single‐cycle, randomized, placebo‐controlled study.SettingFifty‐two centers (11 countries).PatientsAdults with spastic hemiparesis were randomized (1:1:1) to receive abobotulinumtoxinA 1000 U, 1500 U, or placebo in their affected lower limb.Main Outcome MeasurementsMuscle tone (6‐point Modified Ashworth Scale [MAS], 0‐5) for the gastrocnemius‐soleus complex (GSC); proportion of MAS responders (≥1‐point improvement); angle of catch (XV3) and spasticity grade (Y) for the GSC and soleus. Assessments were at weeks 1, 4, and 12 post‐injection. Only descriptive statistics are presented.ResultsOf 388 patients, 84 received previous BoNT‐A treatment (abobotulinumtoxinA 1000 U: N = 30; abobotulinumtoxinA 1500 U: N = 28; placebo: N = 26). At week 4, mean (SD) changes in MAS score in the GSC were − 0.8 (1.1), −0.9 (1.0), and − 0.4 (0.7) for abobotulinumtoxinA 1000 U, 1500 U, and placebo, respectively. Greater MAS responder rates were observed for abobotulinumtoxinA versus placebo at all time points. Mean (SD) changes (week 4) for abobotulinumtoxinA 1000 U, 1500 U, and placebo for XV3 were: GSC, 8° (21), 6° (10) and 1° (7); soleus, 11° (21), 5° (9) and 0° (8), respectively; for Y: GSC, −0.4 (0.7), −0.6 (0.8) and − 0.0 (0.9); soleus, −0.5 (0.7), −0.5 (0.7) and − 0.1 (0.6), respectively. Safety data and adverse events were consistent with the overall known profile of abobotulinumtoxinA.ConclusionsPatients previously treated with other BoNT‐As showed improved muscle tone and spasticity at week 4 following abobotulinumtoxinA injection versus placebo. These findings suggest that abobotulinumtoxinA, at the recommended doses, has a good safety and efficacy profile in adults with lower limb spasticity who were previously treated with other BoNT‐A products.
Management of extensive subcutaneous emphysema using negative pressure wound therapy dressings
Authors: Huan Nai‐Chien , Mohamed Arifin Noorasyikin , Khoo Teng‐Shin , Lai Yean‐Chen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSubcutaneous emphysema (SE) is a common but usually self‐limiting complication of cardiothoracic procedures. Rarely, it can be life threatening and is characterized by extensive cutaneous tension and airway compromise requiring immediate intervention. There is a paucity of data on the most efficacious treatment methods for extensive SE. We report an 80‐year‐old gentleman who developed massive SE necessitating intubation for airway protection following a right chest tube insertion for spontaneous secondary pneumothorax. His SE persisted despite adequate thoracic drainage via a new chest tube. It was then decided to insert two negative pressure wound therapy dressings (NPWTD) or vacuum dressings in the patient's subcutaneous tissue layer via incisions made at anterior chest wall. The dressings were removed after four days in view of significant improvements. NPWTD appears to be an effective, well‐tolerated, safe, and inexpensive approach that hastens the resolution of SE without the need for invasive thoracic surgeries.
Phosphorylated Starches: Preparation, Properties, Functionality, and Techno‐Applications
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Sitohy Mahmoud Z. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStarches are valuable biopolymers with several functional and technical applications. Physical and chemical modifications are needed to enhance starch functionality. Modified starches exhibit high technological properties in food and non‐food applications. Modified starches are designed to overcome some physicochemical shortcomings of native starches, such as loss of thickening power and viscosity during thermal treatments, storage, retrogradation, and syneresis. Phosphorylation is an effective technique to enhance the functional traits of starches and to modify its physicochemical characteristics (i.e., pasting, gelatinization, and retrogradation). This review summarizes preparation methods, physicochemical properties as well as food and non‐food applications of phosphorylated starch (PS). PSs are being used as a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer in food applications. Furthermore, PS can be used as a sedimentation agent for the reclamation of wastes of spent water from the processing of fruits, meat, fishes, vegetables, and brewage. Because PS can substitute and reduce the amount of polyvinyl alcohol, it is used for fixing and sizing in the textile industry. In addition, PS can be used for paper sizing or paper cardboard adhesive coating. It is anticipated that new ventures for PS and their diverse applications will continue to be of a major interest in applied sciences.
Recovery of Au Nanoparticles via High‐Solubility Carboxylic Starch and its Significantly Improved Catalysis of Propylene Epoxidation
Authors: Zhang Shuidong , Shi Tao , Lin Zesheng , Chen Chuanrui , Chen Yukun , Odoom‐Wubah Tareque 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecovery of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) catalysts via bioreduction method has attracted much attention due to its cost‐effective and eco‐friendly. However, it is a great challenge to recover Au NPs by starch due to its poor solubility. Herein, a novel biomolecule, carboxyl corn starch (CCS), exhibited high solubility and low viscosity is successfully fabricated and utilized to reduce HAuCl4 in the homogeneous phase environment. Effects of CCS concentration on the structure and performances of Au NPs and its loading in the TS‐1 support (Au/TS‐1) are investigated. The results reveal that both the particle size and Au NPs recovery rate increased with the increase of CCS concentration, while the BET data of Au/TS‐1 decreased. The Au/TS‐1 catalyst achieved 353.01 m2g−1 surface area and 0.293 cm3g−1 pore volume with 2.0 ± 0.3 nm average diameter of loaded Au NPs. When this catalyst is employed to catalyze the vapor phase propylene epoxidation with H2/O2 mixture, the propylene conversion rate (19.2%) achieved 67% and 5.8 fold increases when in data reported (11.5%) and soluble starch are used as the control, respectively. The study develops a green and facile method for Au recovery via carboxyl starch bioreduction and Au/TS‐1 exhibited significantly improves catalysis of propylene epoxidation.
Combining visible near‐infrared spectroscopy and water vapor sorption for soil specific surface area estimation
Authors: Knadel Maria , de Jonge Lis Wollesen , Tuller Markus , Rehman Hafeez Ur , Jensen Peter Weber , Moldrup Per , Greve Mogens H. , Arthur Emmanuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe soil specific surface area (SSA) is a fundamental property governing a range of soil processes relevant to engineering, environmental, and agricultural applications. A method for SSA determination based on a combination of visible near‐infrared spectroscopy (vis‐NIRS) and vapor sorption isotherm measurements was proposed. Two models for water vapor sorption isotherms (WSIs) were used: the Tuller–Or (TO) and the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) model. They were parameterized with sorption isotherm measurements and applied for SSA estimation for a wide range of soils (N = 270) from 27 countries. The generated vis‐NIRS models were compared with models where the SSA was determined with the ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) method. Different regression techniques were tested and included partial least squares (PLS), support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN). The effect of dataset subdivision based on EGME values on model performance was also tested. Successful calibration models for SSATOand SSAGABwere generated and were nearly identical to that of SSAEGME. The performance of models was dependent on the range and variation in SSA values. However, the comparison using selected validation samples indicated no significant differences in the estimated SSATO, SSAGAB, and SSAEGME, with an average standardized RMSE (SRMSE = RMSE/range) of 0.07, 0.06 and 0.07, respectively. Small differences among the regression techniques were found, yet SVM performed best. The results of this study indicate that the combination of vis‐NIRS with the WSI as a reference technique for vis‐NIRS models provides SSA estimations akin to the EGME method.
Multilevel Linear Regression Using MLwiN: Mortality in England and Wales, 1979–1992
Authors: Leyland Alastair H. , Groenewegen Peter P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, the reader becomes a user. This chapter contains the first of three tutorials that readers can work through, using the specialist multilevel modelling software MLwiN. We introduce MLwiN as a package; this software will also be used in the other two tutorials. This tutorial introduces practical linear multilevel analysis. It uses data on mortality in England and Wales over time. The dependent or outcome variable is the standard mortality ratio in a given year between 1972 and 1996, for districts which are nested within counties.Because this is the first tutorial, we go into some detail regarding the use of MLwiN, and how to use it to manipulate and explore the data. The tutorial starts with the estimation of a single-level model, then moves on to a two-level and three-level model. We begin with a random intercept model and progress to a random slope model. Throughout the tutorial graphs are used to enable visualisation of the results of the analyses. At the end of this tutorial, we detail an alternative analysis of the data using a multilevel Poisson model.
Children’s Explorative Activities in Kindergarten Playgrounds: A Case Study in China and Norway
Authors: Sørensen Hanne Værum , Birkeland Åsta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNordic countries have historically emphasized play in early childhood education to a higher degree than China. However, recent educational reforms have reformulated its importance in early childhood education. In this chapter, we discuss young children’s activities in the playground as a basis for conceptualising diverse conditions for children’s exploration and cultural formation. Prevailing assumptions in the Nordic countries seem to indicate that children’s free play facilitates exploration, whereas teacher-structured activities limit children’s exploration and agentic position. The aim of the article is to challenge these dichotomies through examples from Chinese and Norwegian kindergartens, and to contribute to a conceptualisation of children’s activities in the playground as exploration. The research takes a cultural-historical approach to human development as a dialectical process in which humans constantly and actively interact with their surroundings. We investigate children’s participation in the activity setting of the playground organized by kindergarten teachers in one kindergarten in China and one in Norway to examine varieties in conditions for children’s explorative activities in kindergartens. Our findings illustrate the influence of weather conditions on the activity settings. Despite major differences in climate and the institutional and societal level, kindergarten teachers’ dialogical engagement with children is crucial for children’s exploration. These findings led to an elaboration of Hedegaard’s model (2012) of child development in a personal, institutional and societal perspective by adding the perspective of climate and air quality that is central for children’s explorative activity.
Denmark
Authors: Jensen Per H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses the preconditions for high and rising female labour force participationratesamongolder workers in Denmark, marked by a highly developed welfare state and flexible labour markets. Main findings are that changing labour market practices of older women are conditioned by economic and symbolic stimuli encouraging older workers voluntarily to prolong their working life as well as measures combatting exclusionary mechanisms in the Danish labour market.
Serbia
Authors: Jakovljevic Mihajlo , Jovanovic Mirjana , Milovanovic Olivera , Radevic Svetlana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSerbia is a post-socialist country with approximately 7.1 million people undergoing a strong and continuous process of demographic ageing. The average age of the population has increased to 43.2 years and the proportion older than 65 years has increased to 17.4%. The period of rapid ageing of the population coincided with political and economic crisis in Serbia during the last decade of the 20th century. This period was marked by extensive emigration of the younger population, the delay of birth and a strong decline in fertility. The major economic challenges ahead include: high unemployment rates, the need for job creation in the public sector, structural reforms of state-owned companies, strategic public sector reforms and the need for new foreign direct investment. Serbia has been gradually implementing structural economic reforms needed to ensure the country’s long-term prosperity. Policies designed to extend working life have been one of the dominant responses to population ageing.
Turkey
Authors: Mercan Murat A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTurkish residents 65 and older comprise 8.8% of the total population yet the academic literature on the relationships among the effects of ageing, gender and the labour market is very limited. This chapter describes the characteristics ofolderworkers and discusses changes in the legal structure of the labour market and their implications in Turkey. It also focuses on the SocialSecurity system (especially the pension scheme) and the historically very low female labour force participationrates which reduce self-sufficiency for women at older ages. Finally, the chapter considers precarious employment and work-related healthpolicies in Turkey.
Roles of Stem Cell Antigen-1 in the Pulmonary Endothelium
Authors: Maeda Jun , Uchida Keiko , Kodo Kazuki , Yamagishi Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is growing evidence that resident progenitor cell populations exist in murine lung tissues and differentiate into a mesenchymal cell lineage [1, 2]. Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein, initially found in murine bone marrow–derived stem cell subtypes, such as hematopoietic stem cells. Some studies showed Sca-1 expression in the pulmonary vascular endothelium of adult murine lungs [3], while a subset of Sca-1-expressing cells formed vascular-like structures under specific conditions [1].
Morphological Characterization of Pulmonary Microvascular Disease in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Caused by Hyperoxia in Newborn Mice
Authors: Nakanishi Hidehiko , Morikawa Shunichi , Kitahara Shuji , Yoshii Asuka , Uchiyama Atsushi , Kusuda Satoshi , Ezaki Taichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most significant medical complications in preterm infants, and pulmonary microvascular injury is associated with the pathogenesis of BPD [1]. Furthermore, impairments of developing pulmonary vasculature may cause secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH), which contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality among preterm infants [2]. To characterize the mechanisms of pulmonary vascular disease resulting from BPD, we studied the ultrastructural changes affecting pulmonary microvasculature.
Involvement of CXCR4 and Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Kawaguchi Nanako , Hayama Emiko , Furutani Yoshiyuki , Nakanishi Toshio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and fatal clinical syndrome. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is known to be expressed in cancer and stem/progenitor cells. In the present study, PAH was induced in a rat model by 5 weeks of 10% hypoxia and treatment with a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) [1] to investigate the involvement of CXCR4 in PAH development [2].
Genotypes and Phenotypes of Chinese Pediatric Patients with Idiopathic and Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Experiences from a Single Center
Authors: Zhang Hong-Sheng , Liu Qian , Piao Chun-Mei , Zhu Yan , Li Qiang-Qiang , Du Jie , Gu Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of gene mutations in Chinese pediatric patients with idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. We screened gene mutations in 62 pediatric patients who visited Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2008 September to 2017 August with targeted exome kits containing 22 pulmonary arterial hypertension-related genes. The clinical and hemodynamic characteristics and outcomes of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. In a cohort of 62 patients, a total of 27 gene mutations were identified with 20 mutations in BMPR2, two mutations in ACVRL1, two mutations in KCNK3 and three mutations in NOTCH3. The average age at diagnosis was 77.5 ± 53.8 months. 28 patients (14 mutation carriers) underwent cardiac catherization examinations, with the acute vasodilator testing. Mutation carriers had higher right atrial pressure and tended to have higher pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index than mutation non-carriers. Eight patients responded to acute vasodilator testing and all were mutation non-carriers (p = 0.002). The median survival for mutation carriers was 24.0 months. Although similar treatments were employed, mutation carriers had higher mortality rates than mutation non-carriers (p = 0.036). The 1-, 2-, 3- year survival rate of mutation non-carriers were 93.6%, 90.0%, and 66.9%, respectively, while for mutation carriers, the proportion were 79.8%, 49.9%, and 33.3%. In conclusion, early gene screening for pediatric patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension is recommended, and more aggressive treatment for mutation carriers is advisable.
Microscopic Lung Airway Abnormality and Pulmonary Vascular Disease Associated with Congenital Systemic-to-Pulmonary Shunt
Authors: Sawada Hirofumi , Mitani Yoshihide , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Otsuki Shoichiro , Yodoya Noriko , Hayakawa Hidetoshi , Oshita Hironori , Kabwe Jane C. , Konuma Takeshi , Imanaka-Yoshida Kyoko , Shimpo Hideto , Maruyama Kazuo , Hirayama Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLinks between impaired lung development/growth and pulmonary hypertension (PH) have been demonstrated in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Experimental studies also suggest that a complex interplay of epithelial-endothelial cells is required for normal pre/postnatal lung morphogenesis [1]. In this chapter, we focus on the role of lung development/growth abnormality in the development of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) associated with congenital heart defect (CHD).
New Insights on How to Treat Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Yokoyama Utako , Aoki Rika , Fujita Shujiro , Iwasaki Shiho , Seki Kazuo , Toshihide Asou , Masuda Munetaka , Minamisawa Susumu , Ishikawa Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ductus arteriosus (DA) must be closed after birth for the establishment of adult circulation. Extremely preterm infants, however, frequently have patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which associates with significant morbidity and mortality. At birth, the separation of the fetus from its maternal environment constitutes a dramatic change for the infant. Initiation of respiration changes serum composition and oxygen tension resulting in the closure of the DA. We found that serum osmolality was significantly decreased early after birth in rats, and that the hypo-osmolality sensor transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 3 had increased expression in the rat DA compared to the aorta. Our data suggest that a decrease in serum osmolality promotes DA closure via TRPM3 and that an increase in osmolality dilates the DA. For extremely preterm infants, recent recommendations include immediate amino acid supplementation. We examined plasma amino acid composition and found an association between low glutamate concentration and PDA. Our data suggest that glutamate induces DA contraction through the AMPA receptor GluR-mediated noradrenaline production. Based on these data, maintaining proper levels of serum osmolality and amino acid composition may improve the therapeutic outcome of PDA in extremely preterm infants.
Prostaglandin E-EP4-Mediated Fibulin-1 Up-regulation Plays a Role in Intimal Thickening of the Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Ito Satoko , Yokoyama Utako , Saito Junichi , Masuda Munetaka , Asou Toshihide , Ishikawa Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe normal closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) consists of two steps: vasoconstriction and intimal thickening (IT). We have revealed that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-EP4 signaling plays a critical role in IT formation via smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration through hyaluronic acid [1]. In this study, we found that fibulin-1 was the most significantly up-regulated gene by EP4 stimulation in DA smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
Significance of SGK1 as a Protein Kinase Transcriptionally Regulated by ALK1 Signaling in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Nakagawa Osamu , Watanabe Yusuke , Harada Yukihiro , Tanaka Toru , Kawamura Teruhisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)/BMP10-ALK1 receptor signaling is essential for endothelial differentiation and vascular morphogenesis and is implicated in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension [1]. The ALK1 signal induces SMAD1/5/9-dependent transcription of its own signaling components, transcription factors and membrane ligands/receptors. In addition, we recently identified Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) to be transcriptionally regulated by ALK1 signaling in vascular endothelial cells [2] (Fig. 45.1a). The ALK1 signal is known to evoke post-translational activation of protein kinases such as TAK1 and ERK as a non-canonical pathway, but SGK1 is the first example of protein kinases whose expression is controlled by the SMAD-dependent pathway (Fig. 45.1b).
Searches for decays of new particles in the DUNE Multi-Purpose near Detector
Authors: Berryman Jeffrey M. , de Gouvêa André , Fox Patrick J. , Kayser Boris J. , Kelly Kevin J. , Raaf Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One proposed component of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) near detector complex is a multi-purpose, magnetized, gaseous argon time projection chamber: the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD). We explore the new-physics potential of the MPD, focusing on scenarios in which the MPD is significantly more sensitive to new physics than a liquid argon detector, specifically searches for semi-long-lived particles that are produced in/near the beam target and decay in the MPD. The specific physics possibilities studied are searches for dark vector bosons mixing kinetically with the Standard Model hypercharge group, leptophilic vector bosons, dark scalars mixing with the Standard Model Higgs boson, and heavy neutral leptons that mix with the Standard Model neutrinos. We demonstrate that the MPD can extend existing bounds in most of these scenarios. We illustrate how the ability of the MPD to measure the momentum and charge of the final state particles leads to these bounds.