bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Person-Centred Care in Practice: Perspectives from A Short-Course Regimen for Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
Authors: Horter Shona , Stringer Beverley , Gray Nell , Parpieva Nargiza , Safaev Khasan , Tigay Zinaida , Singh Jatinder , Achar Jay 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Person-centred care, an internationally recognised priority, describes the involvement of people in their care and treatment decisions and the consideration of their needs and priorities within service delivery. Clarity is required regarding the feasibility of its implementation within different contexts. The standard multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment regimen is lengthy, toxic and insufficiently effective. 2019 World Health Organisation guidelines include a shorter (9-11-month) regimen and recommend that people with MDR-TB be involved in the choice of treatment option. We examine the perspectives and experiences of people with MDR-TB and health-care workers (HCW) on treatment choice in an MDR-TB programme in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, run by Médecins Sans Frontières and the Ministry of Health. Methods: A qualitative study comprising 48 interviews with 24 people with MDR-TB and 20 HCW was conducted in June-July 2019. Participants were recruited purposively to include a range of treatment-taking experiences and professional positions. Interview data were analysed thematically using coding to identify emerging patterns, concepts, and categories relating to person-centred care, with Nvivo12. Results: People with MDR-TB were unfamiliar with shared decision-making and felt uncomfortable taking responsibility for their treatment choice. HCW were viewed as having greater knowledge and expertise, and patients trusted HCW to act in their best interests, deferring the choice of appropriate treatment course to them. HCW had concerns about involving people in treatment choices, preferring that doctors made decisions. People with MDR-TB wanted to be involved in discussions about their treatment, and have their preference sought, and were comfortable choosing whether treatment was ambulatory or hospital-based. Participants felt it important that people with MDR-TB had knowledge and understanding about their treatment and disease, to foster their sense of preparedness and ownership for treatment. Involving people in their care was said to motivate sustained treatment-taking, which some felt directly observed treatment (DOT) could undermine. Conclusions: There is a preference for doctors choosing the treatment regimen, linked to shared decision-making unfamiliarity and practitioner-patient knowledge imbalance. Involving people in their care, through discussions, information, and preference-seeking could foster ownership and self-responsibility, supporting sustained engagement with treatment, which DOT may contradict.
Are antenatal interventions effective in improving multiple health behaviours among pregnant women? A systematic review protocol.
Authors: Hollis Jenna , Doherty Emma , Dray Julia , Tremain Danika , Hunter Mandy , Takats Karen , Williams Christopher M , Murray Henry , Pennell Craig , Tully Belinda , Wiggers John , Daly Justine , Kingsland Melanie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Maternal behaviours in pregnancy associated with adverse pregnancy, birth and health outcomes include tobacco smoking, poor nutrition, alcohol consumption and low physical activity, collectively referred to as the SNAP risk factors. Due to the high prevalence, co-occurrence, and possible interactive health effects of such health behaviours in pregnancy, antenatal interventions that support pregnant women to improve multiple SNAP behaviours have a greater potential impact on the health outcomes of women and their children than interventions addressing single behaviours. The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of interventions delivered as part of antenatal care that aim to improve multiple SNAP behaviours among pregnant women. Methods: Seven electronic databases will be searched for potentially eligible studies. Eligible studies will include those where pregnant women are attending antenatal care. Studies that examine the effect of an intervention that addresses multiple SNAP behaviours (≥ two behaviours) during pregnancy and are delivered or instigated through antenatal care in a healthcare service will be included. Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), RCTs, cluster RCTs, stepped wedge RCTs, and non-randomised control trials will be eligible. Studies that include a no intervention control, wait-list control group, standard/usual care, or another active single behavioural intervention (e.g. addressing one behaviour only) will be considered. Two independent reviewers will conduct study screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or a third reviewer if required. A random effects model will be used to synthesise the results. Alternative synthesis methods will be investigated in instances where a meta-analysis is not appropriate, such as summarising effect estimates, combining P values, vote counting based on direction of effect, or synthesis in narrative form. Discussion: The review will synthesise the evidence on the effect of interventions that address multiple SNAP behaviours in antenatal care, and will help researchers, policy makers, and health services to develop and deliver best practice integrated models of antenatal care that have the potential to impact on both the short and long term health outcomes for women and their children. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018095315
Variation in larval ecology and predictors of malaria risk across regions of Madagascar
Authors: Arisco Nicholas , Rice Benjamin L , Tantely Luciano M , Girod Romain , Emile Gauthier N , Randriamady Hervet J , Castro Marcia C , Golden Christopher D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Deforestation and land use change is widespread in Madagascar, altering local ecosystems and creating opportunities for disease vectors, such as the Anopheles mosquito, to proliferate and more easily reach vulnerable, rural populations. Knowledge of risk factors associated with malaria infections is growing globally, but these associations remain understudied across Madagascar’s diverse ecosystems experiencing rapid ecological change. This study aims to uncover socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection across regions through analysis of a large, cross-sectional dataset.Methods: Here, we assess (1) the ecological correlates of malaria vector breeding through larval surveys, and (2) the socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection in four ecological regions of rural Madagascar. We determine risk factors using multilevel models for each unique ecological region of included in the study.Results: We find that regardless of the region, the presence of forms of aquatic agriculture around a community are predictive of the presence of malaria vectors. We determine that ecological and socioeconomic risk factors for malaria infection vary dramatically across study regions and range in their complexity.Conclusions: Risk factors for malaria transmission differ dramatically across regions of Madagascar. These results may help stratifying current malaria control efforts in Madagascar beyond the scope of existing interventions.
Thymoquinone protects against hyperlipemia-induced cardiac damage in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDL-R−/−) mice
Authors: Pei Zuowei , Guo Ying , Zhu Huolan , Dong Min , Zhang Qian , Wang Fang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Hyperlipemia is a risk factor for cardiac damage and cardiovascular disease. Several studies have shown that thymoquinone (TQ) can protect against cardiac damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of TQ against hyperlipemia-induced cardiac damage in low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDL-R−/−) mice. Methods: Eight-week-old male LDL-R−/−mice were randomly divided into the following three groups: the control group fed a normal diet (ND group), the high fat diet (HFD) group, and the HFD mixed with TQ (HFD+TQ) group. All groups were fed the different diets for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava, collected in serum tubes, and stored at -80 °C until use. Cardiac tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and then embedded in paraffin for histological evaluation. The remainder of the cardiac tissues was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for mRNA preparation or immunoblotting.Results The levels of metabolism-related factors, such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were decreased in the HFD+TQ group compared with that in the HFD group. Periodic acid-Schiff staining demonstrated that lipid deposition was lower in the HFD+TQ group than that in the HFD group. The expression of pyroptosis indicators (NOD-like receptor 3 [NLRP3], interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1), pro-inflammation factors (IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), and macrophage markers (cluster of differentiation [CD]68) was significantly downregulated in the HFD+TQ group compared with that in the HFD group.Conclusions Our results indicate that TQ may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for hyperlipemia-induced cardiac damage.
Portable neuromodulation induces neuroplasticity to re-activate motor function recovery from brain injury: A high-density MEG case study
Authors: D'Arcy Ryan C.N. , Greene Trevor , Greene Debbie , Frehlick Zack , Fickling Shaun D. , Campbell Natasha KJ , Etheridge Tori , Smith Christopher , Bollinger Fabio , Danilov Yuri , Livingstone Ashley , Tannouri Pamela , Martin Pauline , Lakhani Bimal 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: In a recent high-profile case study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to monitor improvements in motor function related to neuroplasticity following rehabilitation for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The findings demonstrated that motor function improvements can occur years beyond current established limits. The current study extends the functional imaging investigation to characterize neuromodulation effects on neuroplasticity to further push the limits. Methods: Canadian Soldier Captain (retired) Trevor Greene (TG) survived a severe open-TBI when attacked with an axe during a 2006 combat tour in Afghanistan. TG has since continued intensive daily rehabilitation to recover motor function, experiencing an extended plateau using conventional physical therapy. To overcome this plateau, we paired translingual neurostimulation (TLNS) with the continuing rehabilitation program. Results: Combining TLNS with rehabilitation resulted in demonstrable clinical improvements along with corresponding changes in movement evoked electro-encephalography (EEG) activity. High-density magneto-encephalography (MEG) characterized cortical activation changes in corresponding beta frequency range (27Hz). MEG activation changes corresponded with reduced interhemispheric inhibition in the post-central gyri regions together with increased right superior/middle frontal activation suggesting large scale network level changes. Conclusions: The findings provide valuable insight into the potential importance of non-invasive neuromodulation to enhance neuroplasticity mechanisms for recovery beyond the perceived limits of rehabilitation.
Impact of gestational low-protein intake on embryonic kidney microRNA expression and in the nephron progenitor cells of the male offspring fetus
Authors: Sene Leticia B , Scarano Wellerson R , Zapparoli Adriana , Gontijo Jose AR , Boer Patricia A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Authors demonstrated that gestational low-protein (LP) intake offspring presents a lower birthweight, reduced nephrons numbers and renal salt excretion, arterial hypertension and renal failure development when compared to normal protein (NP) intake rats in adulthood. The current study evaluated the miRNAs and predicted gene expression patterns in the 17-days LP (17-DG) fetal kidney to elucidate the molecular pathways and renal cell proliferation and differentiation profile. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated into two groups, according to protein supply during pregnancy: NP (normal protein diet- 17%) or LP (low protein diet-6%). miRNA transcriptome sequencing (miRNA-Seq) was performed on the MiSeq platform and, RT-qPCR of predicted target genes, immunohistochemistry and morphological quantification from 17-DG offspring kidneys using previously described methods. Results: Forty-four expressed miRNAs, which 19 miRNA were up- and 25 downregulated, were identified in 17-DG LP fetuses compared to age-matched NP offspring. The study selected 7 miRNAs related to proliferation, differentiation, and cellular apoptosis processes. The study showed a reduced cell number, Six-2 and c-Myc immunoreactivity in metanephros cap (CM) and ureter bud (UB) in 17-DG LP fetuses. Also, Ki-67 immunoreactivity in CM was 48% lesser in LP compared to NP age-matched fetus. Conversely, in LP CM and UB β-catenin was 154% and 85% markedly enhanced, respectively and, mTOR immunoreactivity was also higher in LP CM (139%) and UB (104%) compared to the NP offspring. UB TGFβ-1 staining cells increased (about 30%) in the LP offspring. Otherwise, Zeb1 metanephros-stained, enhanced 30% in LP offspring without Zeb2 staining in both groups. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that maternal protein restriction change miRNAs, mRNAs, and critical proteins expression involved in the processes of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that occurs during renal development. The renal ontogenic dysfunction caused by maternal protein restriction promotes a reduced reciprocal interaction between CM and UB, and consequently, a programmed and expressive decrease in the nephron number fetuses.
The impact of the social distancing policy on COVID-19 new cases in Iran: insights from an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Ghanbari Mahboubeh Khaton , Behzadifar Meysam , Imani-Nasab Mohammad Hasan , Behzadifar Masoud , Bakhtiari Ahad , Mir Iman , Wu Jianhong , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background In late December 2019, a viral outbreak occurred in Wuhan, province of Hubei, People’s Republic of China, and rapidly spread out worldwide. The infectious agent was identified and termed as SARS-CoV-2, responsible of the “coronavirus disease 19” (COVID-19). Due to the lack of vaccines and effective drugs for this disease, many policy- and decision-makers have focused on non-pharmacological methods to prevent and control this disease. Social distancing can be effective in reducing the spread of the outbreak. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of the implementation of the social distancing policy in Iran, one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19. Methods This study was designed as a quasi-experimental study, and was conducted utilizing the interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) approach. Daily data was collected between February 20th 2020 and April 16th 2020. The social distancing policy was launched on March 27th 2020.Results A significant decrease of -288.57 (95% CI: 269.08 (95% CI: -83.37 to -621.55, P-value=0.04) new confirmed cases following the implementation of the social distancing policy was found, corresponding to a daily decrease in the trend of -8.10 (95% CI: -10.02 to -6.19, P-value=0.001). A significant decrease of -24.78 (95% CI: -42.97 to -6.58, P-value=0.01) new deaths following the implementation of the social distancing policy could be found, corresponding to a daily decrease in the trend of -8.10 (95% CI: -10.02 to -6.19, P-value=0.001). Conclusion The growth rate of new cases and deaths from the COVID-19 in Iran has significantly decreased after the implementation of social distancing. By monitoring and implementing this policy in all countries, the burden of COVID-19 can be mitigated.
Analysis and prediction of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in China based on an individual-based model
Authors: Guo Zuiyuan , Xiao Dan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We developed a stochastic model to simulate the process of the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. The study provides valuable reference to understand the transmission mechanism of the novel coronavirus and evaluate the influence of intervention meaures. We established a stochastic individual-based model, and simulated the whole process of occurrence, development, and control of the epidemic, and the infectors and patients leaving Hubei Province before the traffic was closed. Additionally, the R0 and the number of infectors and patients who left Hubei were estimated using the coordinate descent algorithm. The median R0 at the initial stage of the epidemic predicted by the model was 4.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.82- 5.17). Before the traffic lockdown in Hubei , an estimated 2000 (95% CI, 1982–2030) infectors and patients left Hubei and traveled throughout the country. The model estimated that as of March 15, the cumulative number of laboratory-confirmed patients in Hubei and other provinces would reach 42,739 (95% CI, 32734-55472) and 12,870 (95% CI, 11520-14572), respectively. If the government had taken prevention and control measures 1 day later, the cumulative number of laboratory- confirmed patients in the whole country would increase by 32.1%. If the lockdown of Hubei was taken 1 day in advance, it is estimated that the cumulative number of laboratory-confirmed patients in other provinces would decrease by 7.7%. The stochastic model could fit the officially issued data well and simulate the evolution process of the epidemic. Intervention measurements nationwide have effectively curbed human-to-human transmission of the virus.
Characteristics and Treatment Strategies of Different Clinical Types in Patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Ji Chengcheng , Luo Jiajun , Wu Weiwei , Zhang Junchang , Zhong Zhiqiang , Mo Guoxin , Hu Xingshuo , Lankford Seth , Jiang Tianjun , Lin Fang , Wang Yonggang , Shao Yanling , Ji Sumin , Zhang Yawei , Qin Enqiang , Mu Jinsong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID19) in Beijing. To analyze the treatment strategies especially the application of corticosteroids in patients with severe pneumonia.Methods We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of the 65 confirmed cases of COVID19 at the 5th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from Jan 20 to Feb 23, 2020. The final follow-up date observed was Feb 29, 2020. Results The number of patients with mild, general, severe, and critical type were 10 (15.38%), 32 (49.23%), 8 (12.31%), and 15 (23.08%), respectively. The median incubation period was 6 days. Notable outliers were 1 patient at 16 days and 1 patient at 21 days. In lymphocyte subgroup analysis, decreases in total, T, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes were more common as the disease worsened (All P<0.05). Methylprednisolone was applied to 31 (47.69%) patients with pneumonia, including 10 (31.25%) general, 8 (100%) severe, and 13 (86.67%) critical patients, respectively. Corticosteroids inhibited Interleukin-6(IL-6) production (P=0.0215) but did not affect T lymphocyte (P=0.0796). There was no significant difference between patients using lower dose (≤2mg/kg.d) and higher dose (>2mg/kg.d) methylprednisolone in inhibiting IL-6 production (P=0.5856). Thirty of 31 patients (96.77%) had stopped methylprednisolone due to improvement of pneumonia. Virus RNA clearance time lengthened with disease progression (P=0.0001). In general type, there was no significant difference in virus clearance time between patients with (15, 12-19 days) and without (14.5, 11-18 days) (P=0.7372) methylprednisolone use. Conclusions Lymphocyte, especially T lymphocyte, in severe and critical patients showed a dramatic decrease. Application of lower dose corticosteroids (≤2mg/kg.d) could inhibit IL-6 production (a representative of cytokines) as effectively as a higher dose. Proper use corticosteroids in general type patients did not delay virus clearance. Authors Fangfang Liu and Chengcheng Ji contributed equally to this work.
Menjadi Sahabat bagi Sesama: Memaknai Relasi Persahabatan dalam Pelayanan Pastoral
Authors: Messakh Besly Yermy Tungaoly 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The capability to build relationships is important in doing pastoral ministry successfully. However, this factor is often neglected by a pastoral counsellor or pastoral caregiver. Many pastoral counsellors tend to improve their technical skills rather than capability to build a good relationship with the client. As a consequence, many persons in trouble feel unaccepted by their pastoral counsellor, leading to the situation of helplessness.
Using the method of Christopraxis, this article attempts to respond to such situation. Christopraxis places the attitude and works of Jesus, as witnessed in the Gospel, as the fundamental reference and resource for today’s ministerial works. In this case, Jesus’ praxis of friendship is employed as the model of relationships in pastoral ministry. It is suggested that a pastoral ministry inspired by the radical and open friendship model that Jesus practised would off er a better approach than the feudalistic and paternalistic ones, commonly practised in Indonesia.

Abstrak
Kemampuan membangun relasi merupakan faktor penting dalam keberhasilan pelayanan pastoral. Sayangnya faktor ini sering diabaikan oleh para konselor dan pelayan pastoral. Banyak konselor cenderung hanya meningkatkan keterampilan teknis ketimbang kemampuan membangun relasi dengan klien. Akibatnya, banyak orang bermasalah merasa kurang diterima oleh konselor mereka. Hal itu menimbulkan keputusasaan.
Menggunakan metode Kristopraksis, artikel ini berupaya menjawab situasi tersebut. Kristopraxis menempatkan sikap dan pekerjaan Yesus, sebagaimana dipersaksikan dalam Injil, sebagai acuan dan sumber bagi pelayanan gerejawi masa kini. Dalam hal ini, praksis persahabatan Yesus digunakan sebagai model relasi dalam pelayanan pastoral. Disarankan bahwa pelayanan pastoral yang terinspirasi model persahabatan Yesus yang radikal dan terbuka akan menawarkan pendekatan yang lebih baik ketimbang pelayanan yang feodalistik dan paternalistik yang sering dijalankan di Indonesia.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Patients with Chronic Urticaria in Northern Iran
Authors: Fakhar Mahdi , Ghaffari Javad , Dabbaghzadeh Abbas , Charati Jamshid Yazdani , Ghaffari Bahman , Esboei Bahman Rahimi 
Published: April 2020

Background:Chronic urticaria (CU) has a range of clinical demonstrations and causes. Parasitic infections are mentioned as one of the main causes of the CU.Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients with CU (with duration time of more than 6 weeks) compared healthy subjects.Methods:A total of 169 cases and 210 controls were included in this study. Ages ranged from 1 to 77 years old. Three samples were gathered from each patients and direct wet mount, formol-ether concentration, Ziehl-Neelsen and trichrome staining were used.Results:Out of the 379 individuals examined here, 208 were from urban areas and 171 from rural areas. Three stool samples were taken from each patient in three consecutive days. Based on parasitological tests, 7 (4.1%) cases from 169 patients with CU and 6 (2.9%) cases from 210 non- CU group individuals were positive for intestinal parasites.Conclusion:The prevalence of various parasites between case and control groups was not significant.