bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteogenically-induced exosomes stimulate osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Zhu Mengru , Liu Yang , Qin Hongzhi , Tong Shuang , Sun Qiang , Wang Ting , Zhang Hua , Cui Mengying , Guo Shu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExosomes exhibit great therapeutic potential in bone tissue engineering. The study aimed to investigate whether the exosomes derived from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs-Exos) during different time-span of osteogenic differentiation could promote osteogenesis. The appropriate concentrations of hADSCs-Exos to enhance the proliferation, migration and osteogenesis of hADSCs-Exos were also examined. PKH67 labelled hADSCs-Exos was used to detect the internalization ability of hADSCs. The osteogenic differentiation abilities of hADSCs after treatment with hADSCs-Exos was evaluated by Alizarin red staining (ARS). The proliferation and migration of hADSCs was examined by cell counting kit-8 and wound healing assay, respectively. The expression of exosomal surface markers and osteoblast-related protein of hADSCs was assessed by Western blot. PKH67-labelled exosomes were internalized by hADSCs after 4 h incubation. ARS showed that the amount of mineralized nodules in Exo1−14d group was significantly higher than that in Exo15−28d group. hADSCs-Exos could promote the proliferation and migration capacity of hADSCs. Western blot analysis showed that after hADSCs-Exos treatment, ALP and RUNX2 were significantly enhanced. Specially, the Exo1−14d group of 15 μg/mL significantly upregulated the expression of RUNX2 than the other exosomes treated groups. Our findings suggest that exosomes secreted by hADSCs during osteogenic induction for 1–14 days could be efficiently internalized by hADSCs and could induce osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Moreover, administration of Exo1−14d at 15 μg/mL promoted the proliferation and migration of hADSCs. In conclusion, our research confirmed that comprised of hADSCs-Exos and hADSCs may provide a new therapeutic paradigm for bone tissue engineering.
Change of Scene: The Geographic Dynamics of Resilience to Vehicular Accidents
Authors: Matisziw Timothy C. , Ritchey Mark , MacKenzie Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost have experienced the impact of vehicular accidents, whether it was in terms of increased commute time, delays in receiving goods, higher insurance premiums, elevated costs of services, or simply absorbing the daily tragedies on the evening news. While accidents are common, the complexity and dynamics of transportation systems can make it challenging to infer where and when incidents may occur, a critical component in planning for where to position resources for emergency response. The use of response resources is critical given that more efficient emergency responses to accidents can decrease the vulnerability of socio-economic systems to perturbations in the transportation system and contribute to greater resilience. To explore the resilience of transportation systems to disruptions due to vehicular accidents, a location modeling approach is described for identifying the origins of optimal responses (and associated response time) over time based upon the location of known accidents and response protocols. The characteristics of the modeled response can then be compared with those of the observed response to gain insights as to how resilience may change over time for different portions of the transportation system. The change in the location of the optimal sites over time or drift, can also be assessed to better understand how changes in the spatial distribution of accidents can affect the nature of the response and system resiliency. The developed approach is applied to investigate the dynamics of accident response and network resiliency over a three year period using vehicular crash information from a comprehensive statewide database.
Is Lack of Morality an Explanation for the Economic and Financial Crisis? A Catholic Point of View
Authors: Katona Klára 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBefore 2008, several studies provided empirical evidence of a positive correlation between the functions of financial intermediation and economic growth. In 2008, the financial crisis shook trust in this correlation. Several studies found that comprehensive and fundamental changes were needed in the entire financial market. Attention focused on the role of morality as an essential and integral element of the economy, arguing that without a moral attitude at the individual and institutional levels, the whole system necessarily runs into crisis. Among the moral interpretations of the economy, which are concurrently based on philosophical tradition and religious doctrine, the Catholic Church has presented some of the most consistent and unified teachings related to such questions over time, but the effect on economic thinking is less than what relevance and other merits justify. Catholic social teaching suggests morality and the economy are inseparable and highlights the moral interpretation of economic discrepancies. By analyzing theoretical and empirical evidence, this paper assesses the economic validity and legitimacy of Catholic thought about the immanent role of ethics in the economy and the financial crisis.
Numerical Interpretation of Hydrogen Thermal Desorption Spectra for Iron with Hydrogen-Enhanced Strain-Induced Vacancies
Authors: Ebihara Ken-ichi , Sugiyama Yuri , Matsumoto Ryosuke , Takai Kenichi , Suzudo Tomoaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We obtained thermal desorption spectra of hydrogen for a small-size iron specimen to which strain was applied during charging with hydrogen atoms. In the spectra, a shoulder-shaped peak in the high-temperature side was enhanced compared with the spectra of the specimen to which only strain was applied. We also observed that the peak almost disappeared by aging processes at ≥ 373 K. Then, assuming that the shoulder-shaped peak results from hydrogen atoms released by vacancies, we simulated the thermal desorption spectra using a model incorporating the behavior of vacancies and vacancy clusters. The model considered up to vacancy cluster

$${{V_9}}$$

V
9

, which is composed of nine vacancies, and employed the parameters based on atomistic calculations, including the H trapping energy of vacancies and vacancy clusters that we estimated using the molecular static calculation. As a result, we revealed that the model could, on the whole, reproduce the experimental spectra, except two characteristic differences, and also the dependence of the spectra on the aging temperature. By examining the cause of the differences, the possibilities that the diffusion of clusters of

$${V_2}$$

V
2

and

$${V_3}$$

V
3

is slower than the model and that vacancy clusters are generated by applying strain and H charging concurrently were indicated.
Website disclosure of environmental compliance management—the case of European production companies
Authors: Thimm Heiko , Rasmussen Karsten Boye 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCompanies are expected to comply with environmental laws and regulations. They also face increasing stakeholder interest in information about environmental compliance management efforts. Corporate websites serve today’s enterprises as an important medium for voluntary environmental disclosure. However, relatively little research has addressed the topic of environmental compliance management. This empirical study explores current practices of website disclosure of environmental compliance management. Data were collected through a randomly selected sample of 154 European production companies in two groups of medium-sized and very large companies. Environmental management issues concerning the functionalities and disclosure subjects observed on the company websites were recorded. The analyses revealed that in general, corporate websites contain little information about environmental management and environmental compliance management, and large companies disclose more than small companies. The results also indicate that the disclosure practices of some countries deviate remarkably from those of other countries in the sample.
Airlines provide too little information for allergy sufferers!
Authors: Seidenberg Jürgen , Stelljes Geeske , Lange Lars , Blumchen Katharina , Rietschel Ernst 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Introduction
Allergic reactions are reported to account for approximately 2–4% of all medical emergencies on commercial airline flights. In 2016, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) published recommendations on risk prevention in severe allergies.

Methods
Using a written questionnaire and an internet search, an investigation was conducted on the extent to which airlines operating in Germany have implemented the IATA recommendations and, e.g., offer peanut/nut allergy sufferers appropriate measures.

Results
Only 14 of the 104 airlines contacted responded to the written survey. Of 115 airlines, 72 provided information for allergy sufferers on their homepage, but mostly in insufficient detail. No results were found for the search term “allergy” (or “Allergie”) on the websites of 43 airlines. The information on the individual airlines has been summarized in table form.

Discussion
The information offered by many airlines for passengers with allergies is insufficient. To offer greater guidance, updated information has been formulated in German and English, and its use is recommended.
Advancing Cell-Instructive Biomaterials Through Increased Understanding of Cell Receptor Spacing and Material Surface Functionalization
Authors: Maynard Stephanie A. , Winter Charles W. , Cunnane Eoghan M. , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRegenerative medicine is aimed at restoring normal tissue function and can benefit from the application of tissue engineering and nano-therapeutics. In order for regenerative therapies to be effective, the spatiotemporal integration of tissue-engineered scaffolds by the native tissue, and the binding/release of therapeutic payloads by nano-materials, must be tightly controlled at the nanoscale in order to direct cell fate. However, due to a lack of insight regarding cell–material interactions at the nanoscale and subsequent downstream signaling, the clinical translation of regenerative therapies is limited due to poor material integration, rapid clearance, and complications such as graft-versus-host disease. This review paper is intended to outline our current understanding of cell–material interactions with the aim of highlighting potential areas for knowledge advancement or application in the field of regenerative medicine. This is achieved by reviewing the nanoscale organization of key cell surface receptors, the current techniques used to control the presentation of cell-interactive molecules on material surfaces, and the most advanced techniques for characterizing the interactions that occur between cell surface receptors and materials intended for use in regenerative medicine.Lay SummaryThe combination of biology, chemistry, materials science, and imaging technology affords exciting opportunities to better diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases. Recent advances in imaging technologies have enabled better understanding of the specific interactions that occur between human cells and their immediate surroundings in both health and disease. This biological understanding can be used to design smart therapies and tissue replacements that better mimic native tissue. Here, we discuss the advances in molecular biology and technologies that can be employed to functionalize materials and characterize their interaction with biological entities to facilitate the design of more sophisticated medical therapies.
The prototypes of nanozyme-based nanorobots
Authors: Xie Jiaying , Jin Yiliang , Fan Kelong , Yan Xiyun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArtificial nanorobot is a type of robots designed for executing complex tasks at nanoscale. The nanorobot system is typically consisted of four systems, including logic control, driving, sensing and functioning. Considering the subtle structure and complex functionality of nanorobot, the manufacture of nanorobots requires designable, controllable and multi-functional nanomaterials. Here, we propose that nanozyme is a promising candidate for fabricating nanorobots due to its unique properties, including flexible designs, controllable enzyme-like activities, and nano-sized physicochemical characters. Nanozymes may participate in one system or even combine several systems of nanorobots. In this review, we summarize the advances on nanozyme-based systems for fabricating nanorobots, and prospect the future directions of nanozyme for constructing nanorobots. We hope that the unique properties of nanozymes will provide novel ideas for designing and fabricating nanorobotics.
Associations among psychological satisfaction in physical education, sports practice, and health indicators with physical activity
Authors: Lemes Vanilson Batista , Gaya Adroaldo Cezar Araujo , Brand Caroline , Dias Arieli Fernandes , Cristi-Montero Carlos , Mota Jorge , Gaya Anelise Reis 
Published: November 2020

Background and objectives:
Physical education (PE) classes are among the main intervention strategies for increasing levels of physical activity (PA) to adolescent's health improvements. However, low levels of psychological satisfaction in physical education classes (PE satisfaction) and multiple associations with some factors as sex, age, sedentarism, sports practice, sleep, quality of life can act as moderators of levels of physical activity. Considering these aspects, this study aims to propose a theoretical model of multivariate relationships to verify the association between PE satisfaction with PA levels, considering the contribution of sports practice, health indicators, age, and sex on these relations.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study with 470 adolescents (230 boys) aged 11–17 years from the south of Brazil. Several questionnaires were applied to measure the study variables. The theoretical/statistical support of the structural equation model was evaluated according to fit parameters and strength of relations.

Results:
Sports practice, health indicators, age, and sex were mediators of the relationship between PE satisfaction and PA levels.

Conclusion:
There is a positive, however indirect, relationship between PE satisfaction with the levels of physical activity in adolescents, with greater strength of association in boys and at younger ages. It was identified that the practice of sport contributes to the main mediator factor for all relationships beneficial to the health of adolescents in the multivariate model. This means that adolescents who practiced sports showed greater PE satisfaction, more appropriate health indicators, associated with higher levels of physical activity as compared to nonpractitioners of sport.
Bot mitigation – how gapsin understanding and ownership are exposingbusinesses to greater threats
Authors: Still Andy 
Published: November 2020

When people think of security, there is a tendency to think of building high walls around what needs to be protected. Thieves are, after all, opportunists, and if a target can look too tricky to breach then they will look elsewhere for an easier score. This is no longer true of cyber security. The poor security of other businesses is no longer your advantage – it's now your problem. When people think of security, there is a tendency to think of building walls around what needs to be protected. Thieves are opportunists, and if a target looks too tricky, they will go elsewhere. But this is no longer true of cyber security. The poor security of other businesses is no longer to your advantage – it's now your problem. Using credentials stolen elsewhere, bots are probing your defences looking for weaknesses such as password reuse. Without a deep understanding of how bots operate, companies are putting themselves at risk, argues Andy Still of Netacea.
A probable skeleton ofIsisfordia(Crocodyliformes) and additional crocodyliform remains from the Griman Creek Formation (Cenomanian, New South Wales, Australia)
Authors: Hart Lachlan J. , Bell Phil R. , Smith Elizabeth T. , Mitchell D. Rex , Brougham Tom , Salisbury Steven W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe sparse record of Cretaceous crocodyliforms in Australia comprises only three species, all within the genusIsisfordia. Isisfordia duncaniSalisbury et al., 2006 is from the Albian–Turonian Winton Formation of Queensland, and bothIsisfordia molnariHart et al., 2019 andIsisfordia selaslophensisEtheridge, 1917 have been described from opalized material from the Cenomanian Griman Creek Formation of New South Wales. Here, we describe new cranial and postcranial material, including the most complete crocodyliform skeleton from the Cretaceous of New South Wales, which is assigned toIsisfordiacf.I. selaslophensis. We also reappraise previously described crocodyliform material from the same locality. We find that much of this material displays features that are consistent withIsisfordia.
Modern and Holocene microbial mats and associated microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) on the southeastern coast of Tunisia (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Lakhdar Rached , Soussi Mohamed , Talbi Rachida 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOn the southeastern Tunisian coastline, very diverse living microbial mats colonize the lower supratidal and intertidal zones, and locally may extend into the upper infratidal zone. The interaction between the benthic cyanobacteria and their siliciclastic substratum leads to the development of several types of microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS). The mapping of the microbial mats has allowed the identification of the types of MISS that characterize the different segments of the coastal environment. The modern microbial mats have been compared with those recorded at the top of the Holocene deposits, which are composed of biodegraded microbial black mats alternating with white laminae made of clastic and evaporitic sediments, indicative of very high frequency cycles of flood and drought. A hypothetic profile showing their occurrences along the different areas bordering the coastline is proposed as a guide for the reconstruction of the ancient depositional environment. The roles of tidal dynamics, storms, and climate in controlling their genesis and spatial distribution, are discussed and highlighted. The modern MISS of southeastern Tunisia are compared with their equivalents that are well documented through the different geological eras.
Palestinian Refugees between the City and the Camp
Authors: Totah Faedah M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe camp and the city are both important for understanding the relationship between space and identity in the refugee experience of exile. In the Palestinian example, the camp has emerged as a potent symbol in the narrative of exile although only a third of refugees registered with UNRWA live in camps. Moreover, the city and urban refugees remain missing in most of the scholarship on the Palestinian experience with space, exile, and identity. Furthermore, there is little attention to how refugees understand the concept of the city and camp in their daily life. This article examines how Palestinian urban refugees in the Old City of Damascus conceptualized the relationship between the camp and the city. It illustrates how the concept of the camp remained necessary for the construction of their collective national identity while in Syria. However, the city was essential in the articulation of individual desires and establishing social distinction from other refugees. Thus, during a protracted exile it is in the interstice between the city and the camp, where most urban refugees in the Old City situated themselves, that informed their national belonging and personal aspirations.
Intimate partner sexual violence against women in Sylhet, Bangladesh: some risk factors
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is considered to be a multifarious critical problem in Bangladesh. This study explored the IPSV correlates in Bangladesh with a specific focus on a rural setting. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 250 randomly selected married women aged 15–49 years in Kandigoan Union Parishad, Sylhet Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh in 2017. Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression techniques were applied to measure the IPSV correlates. Around 25% of respondents reported experience of IPSV over the previous 12 months. The logistic regression results showed that women who had committed to pay dowry upon marriage, suspected their husbands of having extramarital affairs and reported having poor spousal communication were 2.657 times (OR = 2.257; 95% CI = 0.527–9.662), 4.914 times (OR = 4.914; 95% CI = 1.354–17.829) and 3.536 times (OR = 3.536; 95% CI = 0.910-13.745) more likely, respectively to report experiencing IPSV by their husbands compared with their counterparts. The findings are expected to contribute to formulating an appropriate policy to combat IPSV against married women at the household level in rural areas of Bangladesh.
Ethnic favouritism in Kenyan education reconsidered: when a picture is worth more than a thousand regressions
Authors: Simson Rebecca , Green Elliott 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTDoes a leader's ethnicity affect the regional distribution of basic services such as education in Africa? Several influential studies have argued in the affirmative, by using educational attainment levels to show that children who share the ethnicity of the president during their school-aged years have higher attainment than their peers. In this paper we revisit this empirical evidence and show that it rests on problematic assumptions. Some models commonly used to test for favouritism do not take adequate account of educational convergence and once this is properly accounted for the results are found to be unstable. Using Kenya as a test case, we argue that there is no conclusive evidence of ethnic favouritism in primary or secondary education, but rather a process of educational convergence among the country's larger ethnic groups. This evidence matters, as it shapes how we understand the ethnic calculus of politicians.
Subjectivism without Idealization and Adaptive Preferences
Authors: Lemaire Stéphane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubjectivism about well-being holds that an object contributes to one's well-being to the extent that one has a pro-attitude toward this object under certain conditions. Most subjectivists have contended that these conditions should be ideal. One reason in favor of this idea is that when people adapt their pro-attitudes to situations of oppression, the levels of well-being they may attain is diminished. Nevertheless, I first argue that appealing to idealized conditions of autonomy or any other condition to erase or replace adaptive pro-attitudes is mistaken. Second, I show that the most natural version of subjectivism that does not appeal to any such idealizing condition can explain why the well-being of people having adaptive pro-attitudes should not be restricted to the fulfillment of these pro-attitudes. In sum, the existence of adaptive preferences does not militate in favor of the introduction of conditions of idealization but against it.