bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics Events and Conditions of Possibility: How Sell-Side Financial Analysts Became Involved in Corporate Governance
Authors: Tan Zhiyuan (Simon) 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMobilizing Foucault’s genealogy, this article investigates how an “ethics event”—the involvement by some sell-side financial analysts in the United States and United Kingdom across the past two decades in corporate governance—emerged. It is found that the complex relations formed between specific historical precedents, normative discourses, and fields of power rendered certain issues in financial markets morally problematic and constructed analysts’ corporate governance work as a potential solution. Contributing to research in finance ethics, this article develops a novel perspective to conceptualize the rise of ethically relevant practices in financial markets, focusing on how ethical problems and their solutions are outcomes of discursive construction and power relations. This article also revises our understanding of the boundary between technical norms and moral norms in financial markets. When ethical crises occur, it is argued, transforming technical practices and revising the technical norms adopted by financial professionals has the potential to tackle ethical concerns.
Clearing the air: A study of cannabis-related presentations to urban Alberta emergency departments following legalization
Authors: Yeung Matthew E. M. , Weaver Colin G. , Janz Kevin , Haines-Saah Rebecca , Lang Eddy 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesNon-medical cannabis recently became legal for adults in Canada. Legalization provides opportunity to investigate the public health effects of national cannabis legalization on presentations to emergency departments (EDs). Our study aimed to explore association between cannabis-related ED presentations, poison control and telemedicine calls, and cannabis legalization.MethodsData were collected from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System from October 1, 2013, to July 31, 2019, for 14 urban Alberta EDs, from Alberta poison control, and from HealthLink, a public telehealth service covering all of Alberta. Visitation data were obtained to compare pre- and post-legalization periods. An interrupted time-series analysis accounting for existing trends was completed, in addition to the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and relative risk calculation (to evaluate changes in co-diagnoses).ResultsAlthough only 3 of every 1,000 ED visits within the time period were attributed to cannabis, the number of cannabis-related ED presentations increased post-legalization by 3.1 (range -11.5 to 12.6) visits per ED per month (IRR 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.39, 1.51; absolute level change: 43.5 visits per month, 95% CI; 26.5, 60.4). Cannabis-related calls to poison control also increased (IRR 1.87, 95% CI; 1.55, 2.37; absolute level change: 4.0 calls per month, 95% CI; 0.1, 7.9). Lastly, we observed increases in cannabis-related hyperemesis, unintentional ingestion, and individuals leaving the ED pre-treatment. We also observed a decrease in co-ingestant use.ConclusionOverall, Canadian cannabis legalization was associated with small increases in urban Alberta cannabis-related ED visits and calls to a poison control centre.
Macrosystem and Women’s Fear of Crime in Intimate Relations: An Integrated Model
Authors: Iglesias Camila , Cardoso Carla , Sousa Pedro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFear of crime has been the focus of fruitful criminological investigation for the last 50 years. Simultaneously, the literature related to intimate partner violence has also been developing. Empirical studies have neglected the association between fear of crime and violence committed in private spaces, so this research seeks to provide an integrated approach to these concepts. Using the data from the first Brazilian National Victimization Survey, this research aims to explore how fear of violence in intimate relationships is associated with both individual and macro-contextual variables, in an ecological framework as proposed by Heise. Statistical analyses were conducted by aggregating data, and the analytical model integrated both individual- and macro-level variables and took the fear of intimate partner violence as the outcome variable. The results demonstrate a strong association between the fear of intimate partner violence and the individual-level predictors tested, especially previous victimization as well as social inequality (Gini coefficient). This way, results indicate that fear of crime manifests its predictors far beyond what the dyad “victim–aggressor” may suggest.
Salinity decreases transpiration of sorghum plants
Authors: Guimarães Miguel Julio Machado , Simões Welson Lima , Barros Juliane Rafaele Alves , Willadino Lilia Gomes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGrowing in a saline environment causes changes in important physiological processes that are directly related to plant growth and development. In this study we evaluated the effect of salinity on transpiration of sorghum plants in semi-arid conditions and found that the highest rates of transpiration were observed in the hottest hours of the day, between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m., with plants subjected to the saline environment having their transpiration reduced by up to 70% when compared to the non-saline environment. This behavior can be reflected in reductions in plant growth and development due to reduced water absorption by the roots, consequently causing an imbalance of nutrients in the plant due to low absorption rate and competition between nutrients and salts in the preferred routes of absorption in the roots.
Timing of the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Iberian inland (Cardina-Salto do Boi, Côa Valley, Portugal)
Authors: Aubry Thierry , Dimuccio Luca Antonio , Barbosa António Fernando , Luís Luís , Santos André Tomás , Silvestre Marcelo , Thomsen Kristina Jørkov , Rades Eike , Autzen Martin , Murray Andrew Sean 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe timing of the Neanderthal-associated Middle Palaeolithic demise and a possible overlap with anatomically modern humans (AMH) in some regions of Eurasia continues to be debated. The Iberian Peninsula is considered a possible refuge zone for the last Neanderthals, but the chronology of the later Middle Palaeolithic record has undergone revision and has increased the debate on the timing of Neanderthal extinction. Here we report on a study of the 5-m-thick archaeological stratigraphy of the Cardina-Salto do Boi, an open-air site located in inland Iberia, from which optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages were obtained for Middle and Upper Palaeolithic occupations preserved in overbank alluvial deposits. Geomorphology, archaeostratigraphy, stone-tool evolution, and OSL dating support the persistence of Neanderthals after 41 ka in central Iberia; the transition between the Middle Palaeolithic material culture and the AMH-associated Aurignacian blade and bladelet production is estimated to lie between 34.0 ± 2.0 ka and 38.4 ± 1.9 ka. Our results demonstrate that investigations focusing on different geomorphological situations are necessary to overcome the current limitations of the evidence and to establish more consistent models for Neanderthal disappearance and AMH expansion in the Iberian Peninsula.
Insulin-related dietary indices predict 24-h urinary C-peptide in adult men
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Giovannucci Edward L. , Tabung Fred K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The dietary insulin index directly estimates the postprandial insulin secretion potential of foods, whereas the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinaemia (EDIH) assesses the insulinaemic potential of usual diets based on fasting plasma C-peptide, and is primarily reflective of insulin resistance. It is unknown whether these insulin-related indices are predictive of an integrated measure of insulin secretion. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis that included 293 non-diabetic men with 24-h urinary C-peptide data from the Men’s Lifestyle Validation Study. EDIH, dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load were calculated using validated FFQ. We conducted multivariable-adjusted linear regression to estimate relative and absolute concentrations of 24-h urinary C-peptide. In multivariable-adjusted models, we found a significant positive association between all three insulin-related dietary indices and 24-h urinary C-peptide (P < 0·05). Relative concentrations of 24-h urinary C-peptide per 1-sd increase in insulin-related dietary indices were 1·12 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·23) for EDIH, 1·18 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·29) for dietary insulin index and 1·16 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·27) for dietary insulin load. When we further adjusted for BMI, the association was attenuated for EDIH, to 1·07 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·16), and remained unchanged for dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load. In conclusion, EDIH, dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load were predictive of integrated insulin secretion assessed by 24-h urinary C-peptide. Findings after adjustment for BMI appear to confirm the relation of EDIH to insulin resistance and dietary insulin index/load to insulin secretion; the respective constructs of the two dietary indices.
La densité des images
Authors: ANNE-BRAUN ALEXIS 
Published: June 2020

RÉSUMÉCet article est une défense de la position exposée par Nelson Goodman dans Langages de l'art. Goodman affirme que les images fonctionnent dans des systèmes symboliques denses. La différence entre texte et image ne se situe pas là où nous l'aurions spontanément cherchée : dans l'expérience perceptuelle que nous avons des images. Une telle théorie de la dépiction peut sembler iconoclaste, voire complètement fausse, et ce, parce que nous y voyons à tort une explication de la représentation picturale. Elle offre cependant, rapportée à d'autres intuitions philosophiques qui essaiment ailleurs dans l’œuvre de Goodman, une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement des images.
The Impact of Stronger Shareholder Control on Bondholders
Authors: Amiri-Moghadam Sadra , Javadi Siamak , Rastad Mahdi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study the impact of stronger shareholder control on bondholders. We find that the passage of shareholder-sponsored governance proposals causes a decline in credit default swap spreads, indicating a net positive effect on bondholders. Evidence suggests that the direct benefit of stronger shareholder control, through the “management disciplining” channel, is larger than the combined adverse effects of directly escalating shareholder-bondholder conflict and indirectly exacerbating exposure to shareholder opportunism. Results are stronger for firms with existing high levels of shareholder-bondholder conflict and for proposals that mitigate managerial entrenchment without exacerbating risk-shifting. Finally, stronger shareholder control improves credit ratings and operating performance in the long-term.
Does Local Capital Supply Matter for Public Firms’ Capital Structures?
Authors: Adhikari Binay K. , Cicero David C. , Sulaeman Johan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPublicly listed firms respond to capital supply conditions shaped by local investing preferences. Public firms headquartered in areas with higher proportions of senior citizens and women use more debt financing. These demographics are associated with conservative investing, leading to a higher and more stable local supply of debt capital. The demographics–leverage relation is more pronounced for firms that cannot easily tap public bond markets, which is the majority of public firms. Changes in firms’ financing activities around exogenous shocks to credit supplies, including interstate banking deregulation and the 2008–2009 financial crisis, support the local capital supply hypothesis.
‘Our Grandmother Used to Sing Whilst Weeding’: Oral histories, millet food culture, and farming rituals among women smallholders in Ramanagara district, Karnataka
Authors: HAZAREESINGH SANDIP 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe cultural and historical dimensions of rural lives matter. However, development practitioners and writings tend to play down these aspects. This article demonstrates the significance of oral history in revealing the meanings of women smallholders’ millet-based foodways in southern India. It argues that women farmers’ cultural practices around food constitute fundamental ‘capabilities’ nurtured over a long historical duration, and are essential to any meaningful articulation of ‘development’. Drawing on age-old spiritual beliefs and practices involving non-human entities, the women demonstrate fine-tuned skills in nurturing seeds and growing crops, in preparing and cooking food, and in discerning food tastes, particularly in relation to the local stapleragi, or finger millet. They also express their creativity in the joys of performing songs and farming rituals linked to the agricultural cycle. In this way, cultural capabilities express significant dimensions of women's agency exercised in the intimately related spheres of food and farming. Oral history thus emerges as a research method capable of generating insights into concrete manifestations of culture over a significant historical duration, one that is particularly conducive to reclaiming the voices and life experiences of subaltern groups such as women smallholders who are either not heard or are marginalized in written contemporary and historical documentary records.
Representation and agency
Authors: Friston Karl 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gilead et al. raise some fascinating issues about representational substrates and structures in the predictive brain. This commentary drills down on a core theme in their arguments; namely, the structure of models that generate predictions. In particular, it highlights their factorial nature – both in terms of deep hierarchies over levels of abstraction and, crucially, time – and how this underwrites agency.
Catching the intangible: a role for emotion?
Authors: Montefinese Maria , Ambrosini Ettore , Visalli Antonino , Vinson David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A crucial aspect of Gilead and colleagues’ ontology is the dichotomy between tangible and intangible representations, but the latter remains rather ill-defined. We propose a fundamental role for interoceptive experience and the statistical distribution of entities in language, especially for intangible representations, that we believe Gilead and colleagues’ ontology needs to incorporate.
Are all distances created equal? Insights from developmental psychology
Authors: O'Brien Bronwyn , Rutt Joshua L. , Atance Cristina M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGilead et al.'s theory presupposes that traversing temporal, spatial, social, and hypothetical distances are largely interchangeable acts of mental travel that co-occur in human ontogeny. Yet, this claim is at odds with recent developmental data suggesting that children's reasoning is differentially affected by the dimension which they must traverse, and that different representational abilities underlie travel across different dimensions.
Experiences of liking versus ideas about liking
Authors: Ledgerwood Alison , Eastwick Paul W. , Gawronski Bertram 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We leverage the notion that abstraction enables prediction to generate novel insights and hypotheses for the literatures on attitudes and mate preferences. We suggest that ideas about liking (e.g., evaluations of categories or overall traits) are more abstract than experiences of liking (e.g., evaluations of particular exemplars), and that ideas about liking may facilitate mental travel beyond the here-and-now.
Language as a mental travel guide
Authors: Davis Charles P. , Altmann Gerry T. M. , Yee Eiling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGilead et al.'s approach to human cognition places abstraction and prediction at the heart of “mental travel” under a “representational diversity” perspective that embraces foundational concepts in cognitive science. But, it gives insufficient credit to the possibility that the process of abstraction produces a gradient, and underestimates the importance of a highly influential domain in predictive cognition: language, and related, the emergence of experientially based structure through time.
Relationships and material culture in a residential home for older people
Authors: Lovatt Melanie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResidents of older people's homes furnish their rooms with belongings that are associated with meaningful relationships. Previous research shows how material culture symbolises residents’ past and existing relationships, helping residents to remain embedded within familial and social networks. Less attention has been paid to how relationships are actively (re)constituted through socio-material interactions, and to the potential for objects to facilitate new relationships. This article presents findings from an ethnographic study into the everyday experiences of residents of an older people's home in northern England. Using observations of daily life and in-depth interviews with residents, it demonstrates how residents used material culture in gift-giving, divestment practices and in mundane social interactions. In this way, residents used objects to not only maintain relationships with family members outside the home, but form new relationships inside the home with other residents and members of staff. Combining theories of materiality, relationality and social practice, I argue that residents’ interactions with material culture helped to facilitate new social interaction and meaningful relationships. This is important in a social context where loneliness has been identified as a significant threat to residents’ mental and physical health. Residential homes for older people can develop guidance on practical activities and strategies that can use material culture to increase social interaction and enhance quality of life for residents.
‘You gotta have something to chew on’: perceptions of stress-induced eating and weight gain among office workers in South Korea
Authors: Park Sohyun , Sung Eunju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:Job-related chronic stress has been discussed as a risk factor for weight change and metabolic disorders. The current study was conducted to understand the situations in which stress-induced eating occurs among office workers and how workers perceive stress to influence their daily eating practices and weight change.Design:In-depth, one-on-one interviews were conducted with office workers.Setting:Metropolitan areas in South Korea.Participants:Twenty-two office workers from thirteen companies participated in the study.Results:Most participants mentioned that they often felt work-related stress and reported various levels of perceived stress, as measured with open-ended questions. The main sources of work stress were (i) the nature of job characteristics, (ii) performance evaluations and (iii) relationships within the organisation. Participants linked stress with increased food consumption and cravings for sweet, savoury and greasy foods. Many participants emphasised the links between multiple health behaviours and stress. Not only dietary choices but also alcohol consumption, sleeping difficulty and insufficient physical activity were related to coping with work stress and demands. Finally, most participants who perceived work stress believed that their weight gain in adulthood was triggered by work stress.Conclusions:It is necessary to consider promoting behavioural modifications to support weight management and providing a means for stress management and the minimisation of stress-inducing working environments for workers to maintain or achieve a healthy weight and to prevent chronic disease incidence.
Microstructural Characterization of Rapidly Solidified Ti Modified 316
Stainless Steels for Irradiation Environments
Authors: Arnberg L. , Sande J. B. Vander 
Published: June 2020

One of the prime candidates for a fusion reactor first wall material is
Ti modified 316 stainless steel (0.32% Ti). The interface between TiC and
the austenitic matrix has been shown to be a good nucleation site for helium
formed during neutron irradiation, thus reducing swelling and preventing
helium bubbles from forming elsewhere, e.g., at grain boundaries. This
material and another alloy, where the TiC content has been increased, have
been rapidly solidified (105K/sec) by means of a roller
quencher to give a very fine dispersion of TiC. The effects of subsequent
extrusion and thermomechanical treatment have been evaluated by TEM and STEM
to give materials with optimum irradiation performance.
The microstructures of alloys chosen for irradiation experiments have
been carefully characterized by electron microscopy. The morphology, size,
and distribution of different intermetallic phases have been studied by
conventional TEM techniques and their compositions have been determined by
energy dispersive X-ray- and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The size
distribution of TiC particles have been determined using a computerized
image analyzer.
STEM and ELS Observation of Early Oxide Formation on the Surface of Cr
Thin Films
Authors: Watari Fumio , Cowley J. M. 
Published: June 2020

STEM coupled with the optical system was used for the investigation of
the early oxidation on the surface of Cr. Cr thin films (30 – 1000Å) were
prepared by evaporation onto the polished or air-cleaved NaCl substrates at
room temperature and 45°C in a vacuum of 10−6 Torr with
an evaporation speed 0.3Å/sec.
Rather thick specimens (200 – 1000Å) with various preferred orientations
were used for the investigation of the oxidation at moderately high
temperature (600 − 1100°C). Selected area diffraction patterns in these
specimens are usually very much complicated by the existence of the
different kinds of oxides and their multiple twinning. The determination of
the epitaxial orientation relationship of the oxides formed on the Cr
surface was made possible by intensive use of the optical system and
microdiffraction techniques. Prior to the formation of the known
rhombohedral Cr2O3, a thin spinel
oxide, probably analogous to γ
-Al203 or γ
-Fe203, was formed. Fig. 1a
shows the distinct epitaxial growth of the spinel (001) as well as the
rhombohedral (125) on the well-oriented Cr(001) surface. In the case of the
Cr specimen with the (001) preferred orientation (Fig. 1b), the rings
explainable by spinel structure appeared as well as the well defined
epitaxial spots of the spinel (001). The microdif fraction from 20A areas
(Fig. 2a) clearly shows the same pattern as Fig. Ia with the weaker oxide
spots among the more intense Cr spots, indicating that the thickness of the
oxide is much less than that of Cr. The rhombohedral
Cr2O3 was nucleated preferably
at the Cr(011) sites provided by the polycrystalline nature of the present
specimens with the relation Cr2O3
(001)//Cr(011), and by further oxidation it grew into full coverage of the
rest of the Cr surface with the orientation determined by the initial
nucleation.
Electron Microscopic Study of Histoplasmosis in Mouse Liver
Authors: Edwards Mercedes R. 
Published: June 2020

Histoplasmosis, which has a worldwide distribution, is either a
generalized and fatal or a benign infection of man and some domestic or wild
animals.
The etiologic agent of this disease is a dimorphic fungus which shows
predilection for the reticuloendothelial system, but other tissues may also
be affected. The fungus can be found in soil samples from endemic areas
(e.g. central Mississippi valley, Ohio valley, Appalachian mountains) where
it disseminates by means of characteristic spores. The large tuberculate
spores of Histoplasma capsulatum have been studied in our laboratory
(1).