bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple point mutations in PsORP1 gene conferring different resistance levels to oxathiapiprolin confirmed using CRISPR–Cas9 in Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Miao Jianqiang , Liu Xiaofei , Li Guixiang , Du Xiaoran , Liu Xili 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxathiapiprolin is among the first commercial oxysterol‐binding protein inhibitors (OSBPIs) developed by DuPont Corporation and shows excellent activity against plant‐pathogenic oomycetes. Although more than 21 target site mutations have been identified in insensitive oomycetes, only G770V, G839W, and ΔN837 have been verified to confer oxathiapiprolin resistance in Phytophthora capsici or P. sojae. The effect of other mutations on OSBPIs sensitivity requires urgent investigation.RESULTSP. sojae transformants containing 16 mutations of PsORP1 were recovered using the CRISPR–Cas9 system. Transformants containing L733W, S768F, S768Y, N837Y, N837F, P861H, L863W, or I877Y showed high oxathiapiprolin resistance, with resistant factors (RFs) > 3000. Point mutations S768K, S768I, G770L, G770P, G770A, ΔG818/F819, N837I, and I877F exhibited low resistance, with RFs < 80. Phenotype assays revealed that the most highly resistant transformants showed enhanced or similar pathogenicity, oospore production, and cyst gemination. However, most transformants displayed decreased sporangia and zoospore production compared with parental wild‐type P6497.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that L733W, S768F, S768Y, N837Y, N837F, P861H, L863W, and I877Y in PsORP1 confer high oxathiapiprolin resistance in P. sojae.
Apigenin as an anticancer agent
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Aslam Gondal Tanweer , Atif Muhammad , Shahbaz Muhammad , Batool Qaisarani Tahira , Hanif Mughal Muhammad , Salehi Bahare , Martorell Miquel , Sharifi‐Rad Javad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractApigenin is an edible plant‐derived flavonoid that has been reported as an anticancer agent in several experimental and biological studies. It exhibits cell growth arrest and apoptosis in different types of tumors such as breast, lung, liver, skin, blood, colon, prostate, pancreatic, cervical, oral, and stomach, by modulating several signaling pathways. Apigenin induces apoptosis by the activation of extrinsic caspase‐dependent pathway by upregulating the mRNA expressions of caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and TNF‐α. It induces intrinsic apoptosis pathway as evidenced by the induction of cytochrome c, Bax, and caspase‐3, while caspase‐8, TNF‐α, and B‐cell lymphoma 2 levels remained unchanged in human prostate cancer PC‐3 cells. Apigenin treatment leads to significant downregulation of matrix metallopeptidases‐2, −9, Snail, and Slug, suppressing invasion. The expressions of NF‐κB p105/p50, PI3K, Akt, and the phosphorylation of p‐Akt decreases after treatment with apigenin. However, apigenin‐mediated treatment significantly reduces pluripotency marker Oct3/4 protein expression which might be associated with the downregulation of PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling.
NowPrecip: localized precipitation nowcasting in the complex terrain of Switzerland
Authors: Sideris I. V. , Foresti L. , Nerini D. , Germann U. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe new precipitation nowcasting system “NowPrecip” is introduced and its methodology is described in detail. NowPrecip is an area‐tracking application, able to generate ensembles of precipitation nowcasts. It supports the paradigm of seamless forecasting: nowcasts start from the most recent radar observation and evolve smoothly, through merging, towards the numerical weather prediction (NWP) ensemble members. NowPrecip relies on the following three pillars. (a) A geostatistics‐based optical flow algorithm, named “NowTrack”, able to determine the scales of interest automatically and equipped with an outlier control scheme. Such a scheme is particularly useful in capturing situations like fine‐scale rotation accurately. (b) A localized architecture motivated by the need to address scenarios where distinct rainfall patterns characterize different parts of the domain. This is mostly relevant for complex terrains like Switzerland, but is also useful for areal nowcasting operating on extensive regions. (c) Techniques to compute and incorporate localized growth and decay into the computation of nowcasts. This is especially useful for Alpine terrain, where there is often systematic growth and decay associated with orographic features. The growth and decay factors are based on analysis of the available NWP product, allowing for a more efficient coupling between the nowcasting sequence and the numerical model output. The main scope of this work is to present the methodology of NowPrecip in detail, but a verification of several representative events is also provided, using both deterministic and probabilistic measures.
Radiologische Diagnostik chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Nagy E. , Sorantin E. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDank der technischen Fortschritte nehmen bildgebende Methoden eine immer wichtigere Rolle sowohl in der Diagnostik als auch im klinischen Management chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (CED), insbesondere in der Pädiatrie, ein. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert charakteristische Erscheinungsformen der CED und jeweils relevante bildgebende Verfahren (Ultraschall und MRT). Außerdem werden Forschungstrends und aktueller Wissensstand zu verschiedenen bildgebenden Modalitäten dargestellt.
Current and future requirements to industrial analytical infrastructure—part 2: smart sensors
Authors: Eifert Tobias , Eisen Kristina , Maiwald Michael , Herwig Christoph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComplex processes meet and need Industry 4.0 capabilities. Shorter product cycles, flexible production needs, and direct assessment of product quality attributes and raw material attributes call for an increased need of new process analytical technologies (PAT) concepts. While individual PAT tools may be available since decades, we need holistic concepts to fulfill above industrial needs. In this series of two contributions, we want to present a combined view on the future of PAT (process analytical technology), which is projected in smart labs (Part 1) and smart sensors (Part 2). Part 2 of this feature article series describes the future functionality as well as the ingredients of a smart sensor aiming to eventually fuel full PAT functionality. The smart sensor consists of (i) chemical and process information in the physical twin by smart field devices, by measuring multiple components, and is fully connected in the IIoT 4.0 environment. In addition, (ii) it includes process intelligence in the digital twin, as to being able to generate knowledge from multi-sensor and multi-dimensional data. The cyber-physical system (CPS) combines both elements mentioned above and allows the smart sensor to be self-calibrating and self-optimizing. It maintains its operation autonomously. Furthermore, it allows—as central PAT enabler—a flexible but also target-oriented predictive control strategy and efficient process development and can compensate variations of the process and raw material attributes. Future cyber-physical production systems—like smart sensors—consist of the fusion of two main pillars, the physical and the digital twins. We discuss the individual elements of both pillars, such as connectivity, and chemical analytics on the one hand as well as hybrid models and knowledge workflows on the other. Finally, we discuss its integration needs in a CPS in order to allow its versatile deployment in efficient process development and advanced optimum predictive process control.
Identification and quantification of cannabinol as a biomarker for local hemp retting in an ancient sedimentary record by HPTLC-ESI-MS
Authors: Schmidt Theresa , Kramell Annemarie Elisabeth , Oehler Florian , Kluge Ralph , Demske Dieter , Tarasov Pavel E , Csuk René 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCannabis products have been used in various fields of everyday life for many centuries, and applications in folk medicine and textile production have been well-known for many centuries. For traditional textile production, hemp fibers were extracted from the stems by water retting in stagnant or slow-moving waters. During this procedure, parts of the plant material‚ among them phytocannabinoids‚ are released into the water. Cannabinol (CBN) is an important degradation product of the predominant phytocannabinoids found in Cannabis species. Thus, it is an excellent indicator for present as well as ancient hemp water retting. In this study, we developed and validated a simple and fast method for the determination of CBN in sediment samples using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), thereby testing different extraction and cleanup procedures‚ as well as various sorbents and solvents for planar chromatography. This method shows a satisfactory overall analytical performance with an average recovery rate of 73%. Our protocol enabled qualitative and quantitative analyses of CBN in samples of a bottom sediment core‚ having been obtained from a small lake in Northern India, where intense local retting of hemp was suggested in the past. The analyses showed a maximum CBN content in pollen zone 4 covering a depth range of 262–209 cm, dating from approximately 480 BCE to 1050 CE. These findings correlate with existing records of Cannabis-type pollen. Thus, the method we propose is a helpful tool to track ancient hemp retting activities.
Indikationen und Operationsmethoden für die Implantation der Artificial Iris®
Authors: Riedl Jana C. , Schuster Alexander K. , Vossmerbaeumer Urs 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Implantation der Artificial Iris® (Human Optics AG, Erlangen) wird zur Pupillen- und Irisrekonstruktion bei Patienten mit einer partiellen oder kompletten Aniridie eingesetzt. Bisher liegen nur wenige Fallberichte und kurzfristige Ergebnisse in der Literatur vor.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Analyse ist es, die verschiedenen Indikationsstellungen sowie das funktionelle Ergebnis darzustellen.

Material und Methode
Es wurden 51 Augen von 50 Patienten, bei denen eine Artificial Iris® implantiert wurde, in dieser retrospektiven konsekutiven Fallstudie analysiert. Alle Operationen wurden vom selben Ophthalmochirurg (UV) an der Universitäts-Augenklinik Mainz durchgeführt. Die Ausgangsbefunde wurden in Bezug zur Indikationsstellung gesetzt und funktionelle Ergebnisse untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 51 Augen von 50 Patienten mit einem mittleren Alter von 57 ± 16,5 Jahren (16 Frauen und 34 Männer) analysiert. Während der Großteil der Patienten unter einer traumatischen partiellen oder kompletten Aniridie litt, zeigte die Minderheit angeborene Irisdefekte. Der Visus konnte bei 53 % der Patienten (p = 0,0001) postoperativ verbessert werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Diese Analyse zeigt die verschiedenen und vielfältigen Indikationen zur Implantation einer Artificial Iris® auf. Der postoperative Visusgewinn ist hierbei nicht immer die primäre Zielsetzung, vielmehr stehen die Reduktion der Blendung und zum Teil auch die kosmetische Rehabilitation – bei den zum Großteil stark vorgeschädigten Augen – im Vordergrund. Die Langzeitergebnisse werden zurzeit in einer Studie analysiert und baldmöglichst veröffentlicht.
Facial rejuvenation using photodynamic therapy with a novel preparation of ALA and hyaluronic acid in young adults
Authors: Huang Alisen , Nguyen Julie K. , Austin Evan , Mamalis Andrew , Cohen Marc , Semkhayev Boris , Ho Derek , Jagdeo Jared 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established, non-invasive treatment modality that has shown desirable effects such as improvement of fine lines, dyspigmentation, and other signs of photodamage. Many patients seek to decrease, or reverse, effects of sun damage on the skin. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found in the body, has enormous potential to bind water which allows the skin to retain moisture and maintain elasticity. Topical application of HA has been found to produce anti-wrinkle effects. We conducted a pilot case series evaluating the safety and efficacy of a commercially available 2% 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) gel with hyaluronic acid (ALA-HA) and light-emitting diode-red light (LED-RL) for facial rejuvenation as determined by clinical assessments and digital skin analysis of rhytides, pore size, and erythema. All patients noted improvement of their skin and experienced minimal pain during PDT. Evaluation by dermatologists demonstrated significant improvement in overall skin appearance. Digital analysis of photographs revealed improvement of skin spots, wrinkles, pores, texture, UV spots, brown spots, red areas, and porphyrins. Our findings demonstrated safety and efficacy of this novel preparation of photodynamic gel with HA and subsequent activation with LED-RL.
Swelling of cell walls in mature sweet cherry fruit: factors and mechanisms
Authors: Schumann Christine , Knoche Moritz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMain conclusionSwelling of sweet cherry cell walls is a physical process counterbalanced by turgor. Cell turgor prevents swelling in intact cells, whereas loss of turgor allows cell walls to swell.AbstractSwelling of epidermal cell walls precedes skin failure in sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cracking. Swollen cell walls lead to diminished cell:cell adhesions. We identify the mechanism of cell wall swelling. Swelling was quantified microscopically on epidermal sections following freeze/thaw treatment or by determining swelling pressure or swelling capacity of cell wall extracts. Releasing turgor by a freeze/thaw treatment increased cell wall thickness 1.6-fold within 2 h. Pressurizing cell wall extracts at > 12 kPa prevented swelling in water, while releasing the pressure increased swelling. The effect was fully reversible. Across cultivars, cell wall thickness before and after turgor release in two subsequent seasons was significantly correlated (before release of turgor:r = 0.71**,n = 14; after release of turgor:r = 0.73**,n = 14) as was the swelling of cell walls upon turgor release (r = 0.71**,n = 14). Close relationships were also identified for cell wall thickness of fruit of the same cultivars grown in the greenhouse and the field (before release of turgor:r = 0.60,n = 10; after release of turgor:r = 0.78**,n = 10). Release of turgor by heating, plasmolysis, incubation in solvents or surfactants resulted in similar swelling (range 2.0–3.1 µm). Cell wall swelling increased from 1.4 to 3.0 µm as pH increased from pH 2.0 to 5.0 but remained nearly constant between pH 5.0 and 8.0. Increasing ethanol concentration decreased swelling. Swelling of sweet cherry cell walls is a physical process counterbalanced by turgor.
Health-related quality of life and distress in elderly vs. younger patients with high-grade glioma—results of a multicenter study
Authors: Renovanz Mirjam , Hickmann Anne-Katrin , Nadji-Ohl Minou , Keric Naureen , Weimann Elke , Wirtz Christian Rainer , Singer Susanne , Ringel Florian , Coburger Jan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveHalf of all newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma are > 65 years still with a poor prognosis. Preserving quality of life is of high importance. However, patient reported outcome (PRO) data in this patient group is rare. The aim was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and distress between elderly and younger patients with high-grade glioma (HGG).MethodsWe used baseline data of a prospective study where HGG patients were enrolled from 4 hospitals. Distress was measured using the distress thermometer (DT), HRQoL using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) plus brain module (BN20). We compared distress and HRQoL by age (≥ 65 vs. < 65 years), gender, performance score, and time since diagnosis using multivariate linear and logistic regressions.ResultsA total ofn = 93 (30%) out ofn = 309 patients were ≥ 65 years (mean 70 years, range 65–86 years). Mean DT score of elderly patients (5.2, SD 2.6) was comparable with younger patients (4.9, SD 2.6). Elderly patients reported significantly lower global health (GHS, mean elderly vs. younger; 50.8 vs. 60.5,p = 0.003), worse physical (56.8 vs. 73.3,p < 0.001) and lower cognitive functioning (51.1 vs. 63.2,p = 0.002), worse fatigue (52.5 vs. 43.5,p = 0.042), and worse motor dysfunction (34.9 vs. 23.6,p = 0.030). KPS and not age was consistently associated with HRQoL.ConclusionPhysical functioning was significantly reduced in the elderly compared with younger HGG patients, and at the same time, emotional functioning and DT scores were comparable. KPS shows a greater association with HRQoL than with calendric age in HGG patients reflecting the particular importance for adequate assessment of HRQoL and general condition in elderly patients.
CEO Hubris and Firm Pollution: A Tricky Relationship
Authors: Theissen Maximilian H. , Theissen Hubertus H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article comments on the recent study “CEO hubris and firm pollution: state and market contingencies in a transitional economy” of Zhang et al. (J Bus Ethics 161(2):459–478, 2020) in this journal. We very much appreciate the valuable initiative of Zhang et al. to study the potential effect of CEO characteristics on corporate pollution. At the same time, we are concerned with the authors’ interpretation of the regression results and their operationalization of CEO hubris. We hope to contribute to the literature on managerial hubris in two ways. First, we repair the authors’ inferences and conclusions about the actual effect of CEO hubris on firm pollution with respect to their conflicting regression results. Second, we unpack and clarify the authors’ vulnerable operationalization of CEO hubris. We hope to stimulate more research on (1) the (tricky) relationship between CEO hubris and firm pollution, and (2) managerial hubris more generally through a more rigorous operationalization and measurement of hubris.
A guide to the identification of subfossil non-chydorid Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from lake sediments of Central America and the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: part I
Authors: Wojewódka M. , Sinev A. Y. , Zawisza E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) quickly respond to changes in environmental conditions and their remains are usually found in large amounts in lacustrine sediments, which make them an important biological proxy in paleolimnological studies. Variations in species composition have been used to infer paleo-climate and paleo-environmental variables including lake depth, eutrophication, and deforestation. However, despite their advantages as bioindicators in the study of past conditions, they are underutilized in paleolimnological research in Central America due to limited knowledge about their diversity and the morphological differences between the subfossil remains of different taxa. In order to address this issue, we described and analyzed cladoceran remains from 56 waterbodies located in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. Here, we provide a description of the remains from 10 different taxa that belong to the Sididae, Bosminidae, Daphniidae, Macrothricidae, and Ilyocryptidae families.
A phase-field study on polymerization-induced phase separation occasioned by diffusion and capillary flow—a mechanism for the formation of porous microstructures in membranes
Authors: Wang Fei , Ratke Lorenz , Zhang Haodong , Altschuh Patrick , Nestler Britta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe performance and the application of membranes, which are usually produced from polymer solutions, are strongly determined by their porous microstructures. One important mechanism for producing the porous microstructures of membranes is polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS). Here, we scrutinize PIPS by employing a Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes method coupling with the Flory–Huggins model. We focus on the formation of membranes via diffusion as well as capillary flow. We report several morphological evolution characteristics of PIPS: (1) an asynchronous effect, where the polymer-rich phase and the polymer-lean phase reach their equilibrium concentrations at different times, (2) a center-to-center movement and collision-induced collision of polymer-rich particles, (3) transition of network structures into polymer particles and rebuilding of network structures from polymer particles, (4) polymer ring patterns. We expect that these findings would shed light on complex microstructures of membranes and provide guidance for the fabrication of desired membranes.
Monte Carlo co-ordinate ascent variational inference
Authors: Ye Lifeng , Beskos Alexandros , De Iorio Maria , Hao Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn variational inference (VI), coordinate-ascent and gradient-based approaches are two major types of algorithms for approximating difficult-to-compute probability densities. In real-world implementations of complex models, Monte Carlo methods are widely used to estimate expectations in coordinate-ascent approaches and gradients in derivative-driven ones. We discuss a Monte Carlo co-ordinate ascent VI (MC-CAVI) algorithm that makes use of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods in the calculation of expectations required within co-ordinate ascent VI (CAVI). We show that, under regularity conditions, an MC-CAVI recursion will get arbitrarily close to a maximiser of the evidence lower bound with any given high probability. In numerical examples, the performance of MC-CAVI algorithm is compared with that of MCMC and—as a representative of derivative-based VI methods—of Black Box VI (BBVI). We discuss and demonstrate MC-CAVI’s suitability for models withhard constraintsin simulated and real examples. We compare MC-CAVI’s performance with that of MCMC in an important complex model used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data analysis—BBVI is nearly impossible to be employed in this setting due to the hard constraints involved in the model.
Verunsicherungen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Ehlert Gudrun , Radvan Heike , Schäuble Barbara , Thiessen Barbara 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungGesellschaftliche Veränderungen im Kontext rechtspopulistischer und extrem rechter Mobilsierungen machen auch vor den Hochschulen nicht Halt. Profession und Disziplin Sozialer Arbeit markieren den Bedarf an einem inhaltlichen Austausch und an der eigenen Strategieentwicklung. Der Beitrag stellt Perspektiven und Fragestellungen einer Arbeitstagung von zwei Fachgruppen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziale Arbeit vor.
Sharp Cheeger–Buser Type Inequalities in $$ \mathsf {RCD}(K,\infty )$$ Spaces
Authors: De Ponti Nicolò , Mondino Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe goal of the paper is to sharpen and generalise bounds involving Cheeger’s isoperimetric constant h and the first eigenvalue $$\lambda _{1}$$

λ
1

of the Laplacian. A celebrated lower bound of $$\lambda _{1}$$

λ
1

in terms of h, $$\lambda _{1}\ge h^{2}/4$$

λ
1

≥

h
2

/
4

, was proved by Cheeger in 1970 for smooth Riemannian manifolds. An upper bound on $$\lambda _{1}$$

λ
1

in terms of h was established by Buser in 1982 (with dimensional constants) and improved (to a dimension-free estimate) by Ledoux in 2004 for smooth Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below. The goal of the paper is twofold. First: we sharpen the inequalities obtained by Buser and Ledoux obtaining a dimension-free sharp Buser inequality for spaces with (Bakry–Émery weighted) Ricci curvature bounded below by $$K\in \mathbb R$$

K
∈
R

(the inequality is sharp for $$K>0$$

K
>
0

as equality is obtained on the Gaussian space). Second: all of our results hold in the higher generality of (possibly non-smooth) metric measure spaces with Ricci curvature bounded below in synthetic sense, the so-called $$ \mathsf {RCD}(K,\infty )$$

RCD
(
K
,
∞
)

spaces.