bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual function and quality of life in children and adolescents with anophthalmia and microphthalmia treated with ocular prosthesis
Authors: Casslén Beatrice , Jugård Ylva , Taha Najim Rezhna , Odersjö Marie , Topa Alexandra , Andersson Grönlund Marita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL), vision‐related (VR‐)QoL and perceptual visual dysfunction (PVD) among individuals with anophthalmia (A) and microphthalmia (M) treated with ocular prosthesis.MethodsThe study comprised 15 individuals (mean age 6.6 years; range 1.7–14.1) with unilateral A or M. Three validated instruments measuring HR‐QoL and VR‐QoL were used: The Pediatric QoL Inventory (PedsQL), consisting of physical and psychosocial self‐report and parent‐proxy report (2–18 years); Children’s Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ); and Effects of Youngsters’ Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE‐Q). Perceptual visual dysfunctions (PVDs) were assessed by history taking according to a specific protocol.ResultsA/M children and their parents showed low HR‐QoL scores (PedsQL total score: 66.3; 69.6) compared with controls (83.0; 87.61) (p = 0.0035 and <0.0001, respectively, unpaired t‐test). No differences were found between A/M children and parents, but parents tended to underestimate their children’s emotional state. A/M children with subnormal visual acuity (VA) for age scored lower in physical health compared with A/M children with normal VA (p = 0.03, Mann–Whitney U‐test). No significant VR‐QoL differences between A/M children and references or between A/M children with subnormal or normal VA for age were found. More A/M children than controls exhibited PVDs in ≥1 area (7/11 versus 4/118; p < 0.0001, Fisher’s exact test).ConclusionA/M individuals show poor HR‐QoL and increased PVDs. No difference in QoL was found between children and parents, though the children tended to score lower in emotional well‐being. A/M children with subnormal VA showed lower physical health score. These problems indicate the necessity of a thorough multidisciplinary assessment and follow‐up of children with A/M.
Call to action regarding the vascular‐bipolar link: A report from the Vascular Task Force of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin I. , Baune Bernhard T. , Bond David J. , Chen Pao‐Huan , Eyler Lisa , Fagiolini Andrea , Gomes Fabiano , Hajek Tomas , Hatch Jessica , McElroy Susan L. , McIntyre Roger S. , Prieto Miguel , Sylvia Louisa G. , Tsai Shang‐Ying , Kcomt Andrew , Fiedorowicz Jess G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe association of bipolar disorder with early and excessive cardiovascular disease was identified over a century ago. Nonetheless, the vascular‐bipolar link remains underrecognized, particularly with regard to how this link can contribute to our understanding of pathogenesis and treatment.MethodsAn international group of experts completed a selective review of the literature, distilling core themes, identifying limitations and gaps in the literature, and highlighting future directions to bridge these gaps.ResultsThe association between bipolar disorder and vascular disease is large in magnitude, consistent across studies, and independent of confounding variables where assessed. The vascular‐bipolar link is multifactorial and is difficult to study given the latency between the onset of bipolar disorder, often in adolescence or early adulthood, and subsequent vascular disease, which usually occurs decades later. As a result, studies have often focused on risk factors for vascular disease or intermediate phenotypes, such as structural and functional vascular imaging measures. There is interest in identifying the most relevant mediators of this relationship, including lifestyle (eg, smoking, diet, exercise), medications, and systemic biological mediators (eg, inflammation). Nonetheless, there is a paucity of treatment studies that deliberately engage these mediators, and thus far no treatment studies have focused on engaging vascular imaging targets.ConclusionsFurther research focused on the vascular‐bipolar link holds promise for gleaning insights regarding the underlying causes of bipolar disorder, identifying novel treatment approaches, and mitigating disparities in cardiovascular outcomes for people with bipolar disorder.
Comparing confirmatory biopsy outcomes between MRI‐targeted biopsy and standard systematic biopsy among men being enrolled in prostate cancer active surveillance
Authors: Shapiro Daniel D. , Gregg Justin R. , Lim Amy H. , Nogueras‐González Graciela M. , Choi Haesun , Kang Hyunseon C. , Inguillo Irene A. , Chapin Brian F. , Davis John W. , Ward John F. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐targeted biopsy combined with systematic biopsy (MRI‐biopsy) to reduce negative biopsies and detect clinically significant prostate cancer compared to systematic biopsy (SB) alone in the confirmatory biopsy setting using matched cohorts.Patients and MethodsPatients were identified from an active surveillance database who had a previously positive transrectal ultrasonography‐guided SB followed by a confirmatory biopsy at a single institution between 2006 and 2019. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on confirmatory biopsy technique: SB alone or MRI‐biopsy (which included MRI‐targeted and systematic biopsies). Cohorts were then matched on age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, number of positive cores on initial biopsy and initial biopsy Gleason grade group (GG). Logistic regression was performed to identify associations with confirmatory biopsy upgrading.ResultsAfter matching, 514 patients were identified (257 per cohort). PSA, prostate volume and PSA density prior to initial biopsy, in addition to total number of initial biopsy positive cores and GG, were similar between the matched cohorts. After confirmatory biopsy, 118/257 patients (45.9%) in the MRI‐biopsy cohort were upgraded compared to 46/257 patients (17.9%) in the SB cohort (P < 0.001). The rate of negative confirmatory biopsy was 32/257 (12.5%) compared to 97/257 (37.7%) in the MRI‐biopsy and SB cohorts, respectively (P < 0.001). Confirmatory MRI‐biopsy was associated with greater odds of confirmatory biopsy upgrade from GG 1 to ≥GG 2 compared to SB alone (odds ratio 3.62, 95% confidence interval 1.97–6.63; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe addition of MRI‐targeted biopsies to SB in the confirmatory biopsy setting among men with previously detected prostate cancer resulted in fewer negative confirmatory biopsies and detection of more clinically significant prostate cancer compared to SB alone.
Quantifying the relationship between structural deformation and the morphology of submarine channels on the Niger Delta continental slope
Authors: Hamish Mitchell W. , Whittaker Alexander C. , Mayall Mike , Lonergan Lidia , Pizzi Marco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe processes and deposits of deep‐water submarine channels are known to be influenced by a wide variety of controlling factors, both allocyclic and autocyclic. However, unlike their fluvial counterparts whose dynamics are well‐studied, the factors that control the long‐term behaviour of submarine channels, particularly on slopes undergoing active deformation, remain poorly understood. We combine seismic techniques with concepts from landscape dynamics to investigate quantitatively how the growth of gravitational‐collapse structures at or near the seabed in the Niger Delta have influenced the morphology of submarine channels along their length from the shelf edge to their deep‐water counterpart. From a three dimensional (3D), time‐migrated seismic‐reflection volume, which extends over 120 km from the shelf edge to the base of slope, we mapped the present‐day geomorphic expression of two submarine channels and active structures at the seabed, and created a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). A second geomorphic surface and DEM raster—interpreted to closer approximate the most recent active channel geometries—were created through removing the thickness of hemipelagic drape across the study area. The DEM rasters were used to extract the longitudinal profiles of channel systems with seabed expression, and we evaluate the evolution of channel widths, depths and slopes at fixed intervals downslope as the channels interact with growing structures. Results show that the channel long profiles have a relatively linear form with localized steepening associated with seabed structures. We demonstrate that channel morphologies and their constituent architectural elements are sensitive to active seafloor deformation, and we use the geomorphic data to infer a likely distribution of bed shear stresses and flow velocities from the shelf edge to deep water. Our results give new insights into the erosional dynamics of submarine channels, allow us to quantify the extent to which submarine channels can keep pace with growing structures, and help us to constrain the delivery and distribution of sediment to deep‐water settings.
Noncoding telomeric repeat‐containing RNA inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating telomerase‐mediated telomere length
Authors: Cao Haiyan , Zhai Yulong , Ji Xiaoying , Wang Yaya , Zhao Jing , Xing Jinliang , An Jiaze , Ren Tingting 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTelomeric repeat‐containing RNA (TERRA) is closely involved in the regulation of telomere length, which plays critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, the biological significance of TERRA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that HCC cells show a frequent downregulation of TERRA and its positive regulator TTAGGG repeat binding factor‐1 (TRF1), whereas the negative regulator TTAGGG repeat binding factor‐1 (TRF2) was upregulated. We found that TERRA, TRF1, and TRF2 contributed to poor prognosis of HCC patients. Importantly, we found that the downregulation of TERRA significantly promoted HCC cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, whereas the upregulation of TERRA showed an opposite effect. Mechanistically, downregulation of TERRA significantly increased telomerase activity and promoted telomere elongation. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of TERRA overexpression on the growth and metastasis of HCC cells were reversed by treatment with TA‐65 that activates telomerase activity. In contrast, the protumor effect of TERRA downregulation was reversed by treatment with TMPyP4 that inhibits telomerase activity. Our findings reveal that TERRA plays a critical role in HCC cell growth and metastasis, indicating that TERRA is a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
MicroRNA‐184 is a key molecule responsible for the transforming growth factor‐β2‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial‐B3cells
Authors: Chen Yang , Fan Dongsheng , Zhang Xinli , Han Shaoping , Wei Xiaoyue , Wang Yongshu , Song Lili 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTGF‐β2‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism for posterior capsule opacity (PCO) in lens epithelial cells (LECs). This study aimed to investigate if MicroRNA‐184 (miR‐184) plays a role in the TGF‐β2‐induced EMT in LECs.MethodsHuman LECs (HLE‐B3 cells) were used in this study. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qRT‐PCR) was performed to analyse miR‐184 expressions in HLE‐B3 treated with TGF‐β2 at different concentrations (0‐15 ng/mL) and different time (10 ng/mL, 0‐48 hours). After transfection of miR‐184 mimics or miR‐184 inhibitor, cells were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF‐β2 for 24 hours, and the expression levels of miR‐184, E‐cadherin, vimentin, zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), α‐Smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), Collagen 1 and bin3 were determined by qRT‐PCR and Western blot, respectively.ResultsTGF‐β2 treatment significantly downregulated E‐cadherin and upregulated vimentin generally in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. TGF‐β2 treatment significantly elevated the level of miR‐184 in both dose‐ and time‐dependent manners. In addition, transfection of miR‐184 inhibitor RNA significantly attenuated TGF‐β2‐induced downregulation of E‐cadherin as well as upregulation of vimentin, ZEB2, α‐SMA and Collagen 1, whereas transfection of miR‐184 mimic further enhanced the effects of TGF‐β2 on the expressions of these markers. Furthermore, TGF‐β2 treatment significantly downregulated bin3, and transfection of miR‐184 mimic and miR‐184 inhibitor significantly enhanced and attenuated the inhibition effect of TGF‐β2 on bin3, respectively.ConclusionsmiR‐184 plays a key role in the TGF‐β2‐induced EMT in LECs, and bin3 may be a downstream protein.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy alleviates the neuroinflammation associated with acquired brain injury
Authors: Bonsack Brooke , Corey Sydney , Shear Alex , Heyck Matt , Cozene Blaise , Sadanandan Nadia , Zhang Henry , Gonzales‐Portillo Bella , Sheyner Michael , Borlongan Cesar V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIschemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) comprise two particularly prevalent and costly examples of acquired brain injury (ABI). Following stroke or TBI, primary cell death and secondary cell death closely model disease progression and worsen outcomes. Mounting evidence indicates that long‐term neuroinflammation extensively exacerbates the secondary deterioration of brain structure and function. Due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, mesenchymal stem cell transplants have emerged as a promising approach to treating this facet of stroke and TBI pathology. In this review, we summarize the classification of cell death in ABI and discuss the prominent role of inflammation. We then consider the efficacy of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (BM‐MSC) transplantation as a therapy for these injuries. Finally, we examine recent laboratory and clinical studies utilizing transplanted BM‐MSCs as antiinflammatory and neurorestorative treatments for stroke and TBI. Clinical trials of BM‐MSC transplants for stroke and TBI support their promising protective and regenerative properties. Future research is needed to allow for better comparison among trials and to elaborate on the emerging area of cell‐based combination treatments.
Skin barrier function after repeated short‐term application of alcohol‐based hand rub following intervention with water immersion or occlusion
Authors: Plum Frederik , Yüksel Yasemin T. , Agner Tove , Nørreslet Line B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol‐based hand rub (ABHR) is recommended for hand hygiene, and application on dry skin is generally well tolerated. However, hydration of the skin may lead to increased susceptibility to ABHR.ObjectivesTo evaluate if increased skin hydration changes skin barrier response to ABHR, as compared to application on dry skin.MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers participated in a 3‐day experimental setup. Intervention areas on the forearms were exposed to either water immersion or occlusion followed by repeated exposures to ABHR. Skin barrier function was assessed by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), electrical conductance, pH, and erythema at baseline and day 3.ResultsThe area exposed to water immersion preceding ABHR showed a significant increase in TEWL from baseline to day 3 (P = .04), and for the occluded area the same trend was found (P = .11), with an additional decrease in electrical conductance (P = .03). No significant differences were found for the control area. The assessments did not differ significantly between intervention and control sites.ConclusionOur results indicate that extensive skin hydration may lead to increased susceptibility to ABHR. Further evaluation of this observation is important, since ABHRs are widely used, particularly among health care workers in whom hand eczema is a huge problem.
A multicentre comparative study between laparoscopic and open surgery for intussusception in adults
Authors: Kang S. , Lee S. I. , Min B. W. , Lee T. H. , Baek S.‐J. , Kwak J.‐M. , Kim J. , Kim S.‐H. , Kim J. S. , Ji W.‐B. , Um J. W. , Hong K. D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimIntussusception in adults is rare and requires surgery in most cases. While abdominal laparoscopic surgery (LS) is becoming more popular, there are few reports on the outcomes of adult intussusception treated with LS. This study compared the feasibility of LS vs open surgery (OS) for adult intussusception.MethodWe reviewed retrospectively the medical records of adult patients with intussusception from three tertiary hospitals between 2000 and 2016. The patients were divided into LS and OS groups, and their surgical outcomes were compared.ResultsSurgery was indicated in 71 patients with intussusception (41 LS and 30 OS). The median age of the patients was 49.0 and 51.5 years in the LS and OS groups, respectively (P = 0.930). Overall, nine (12.7%) patients had a negative laparotomy or laparoscopy with spontaneous reduction of the intussusception. Conversion to OS from LS was necessary in one patient (2.4%). The operative time and intra‐operative and postoperative complication rates were not significantly different. However, there were more serious complications such as bowel perforation and major vessel injury in the LS group. The patients in the LS group had a shorter time to first food intake and hospital stay vs patients in the OS group (4.0 vs 6.0 days, P < 0.001, and 7.0 vs 10.5 days, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionLS may be feasible for adult intussusception; there may be more severe intra‐operative complications than in OS.
Green but not altruistic warm‐glow predicts conservation behavior
Authors: Jia Lili , van der Linden Sander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental policies frequently assume that people only act to help the environment if such behavior is in their self‐interest. A growing amount of literature, however, shows that people also derive positive emotional benefits or “warm‐glow from acting green. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent this motivation is derived from classical accounts of altruistic concern. In the current study, we leveraged a prospective design of a unique sample (N1 = 341, N2 = 251) of customers who subscribe to a local sustainable food store. We measured altruistic and green warm‐glow at T1 and predicted to what extent such prospective warm‐glow predicted a range of self‐reported conservation behaviors 4 weeks later (T2). Results suggest that the anticipated warm‐glow from helping other people did not significantly predict green intentions nor green behavior despite being highly correlated with green warm‐glow. In fact, only green warm‐glow significantly predicted conservation behavior over time. These findings are important because they elucidate a basic differential motivation between helping other people versus protecting the planet. This differentiation is critical to the design of effective conservation interventions.
Cytomorphological spectrum, including immunohistochemical results of 16 cases of clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue, along with positive EWSR1 gene rearrangement result in two cases
Authors: Rao Vidya , Rekhi Bharat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the cytopathological features of clear cell sarcomas (CCSs), including immunohistochemical and molecular results, the latter in selected cases.MethodsSixteen consecutively diagnosed cases of CCS of soft tissue, over 6‐year duration were included. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed for primary diagnosis in three and for recurrent/metastatic lesions in 12 cases. Cytopathological features in 16 cases (conventional Papanicolaou‐ and May‐Grünwald Giemsa‐stained smears) were critically analysed. Corresponding histopathological and immunostained sections were available in 15 cases. Two cases were tested for EWSR1 gene rearrangement by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation.ResultsSixteen tumours occurred in patients with age ranging from 18 to 56 years (median = 33.5); M: F ratio = 1:1; in deep soft tissues, mostly in extremities. Primary cytopathological diagnosis (3 cases) was CCS with a differential diagnosis of melanoma (1 case) and poorly differentiated malignant tumour (2 cases). On review, smears were predominantly hypercellular (n = 14), invariably composed of monomorphic appearing epithelioid/polygonal cells (n = 16), including spindle cells (n = 6); mostly singly scattered (n = 16), in loose clusters (n = 12); with prominent nucleolisation (n = 16); granular to vacuolated, well‐defined cytoplasm (n = 12), binucleation/multinucleation (n = 9); mitoses (n = 6); sudden anisonucleosis; racquet‐shaped cells (n = 3), against a tigroid background (n = 2), along with focal intracytoplasmic pigment deposition (n = 2). Immunohistochemically, tumour cells were positive for S‐100P (15/15), HMB‐45 (15/15) and melan‐A(6/12). Two cases tested for EWSR1 rearrangement displayed red‐green split signals.ConclusionsThis constitutes one of the largest series describing the cytomorphological spectrum of CCS of soft tissue. Certain features, such as singly scattered monomorphic, epithelioid cells with prominent nucleolisation are useful diagnostic clues. Immunohistochemical stains are necessary and molecular testing is further helpful in reinforcing a diagnosis in certain cases. A correct diagnosis has crucial treatment implications.
Cold extremities in migraine: a marker for vascular dysfunction in women
Authors: Linstra K. M. , Perenboom M. J. L. , van Zwet E. W. , van Welie F. C. , Fronczek R. , Tannemaat M. R. , Wermer M. J. H. , Maassenvandenbrink A. , Terwindt G. M. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeMigraine is recognized as a vascular risk factor, especially in women. Presumably, migraine, stroke and cardiovascular events share pathophysiological mechanisms. Self‐reported cold extremities were investigated as a marker for vascular dysfunction in migraine. Secondly, it was hypothesized that suffering from cold extremities affects sleep quality, possibly exacerbating migraine attack frequency.MethodsIn this case–control study, a random sample of 1084 migraine patients and 348 controls (aged 22–65 years) from the LUMINA migraine cohort were asked to complete questionnaires concerning cold extremities, sleep quality and migraine.ResultsA total of 594 migraine patients and 199 controls completed the questionnaires. In women, thermal discomfort and cold extremities (TDCE) were more often reported by migraineurs versus controls (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.4–3.7; P < 0.001), but not significantly so in men (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 0.9–6.9; P = 0.09). There was no difference in TDCE comparing migraine with or without aura. Female migraineurs who reported TDCE had higher attack frequencies compared to female migraineurs without TDCE (4 vs. 3 attacks per month; P = 0.003). The association between TDCE and attack frequency was mediated by the presence of difficulty initiating sleep (P = 0.02).ConclusionWomen with migraine more often reported cold extremities compared with controls, possibly indicating a sex‐specific vascular vulnerability. Female migraineurs with cold extremities had higher attack frequencies, partly resulting from sleep disturbances. Future studies need to demonstrate whether cold extremities in female migraineurs are a predictor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
Is faster or slower trading better? An examination of order type execution speed and costs
Authors: Garvey Ryan , Huang Tao , Wu Fei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examine order type execution speed and costs for US equity traders. Marketable orders that execute slower exhibit lower execution costs. Those who remove liquidity faster and pay higher trading costs transact in smaller size, spread trading across more venues, take more liquidity, and are better informed. Nonmarketable limit orders that execute slower exhibit greater adverse selection; and larger, uninformed traders who concentrate their trading in fewer venues submit them. Our findings suggest that slowing down the trading process, when faster options exist, can benefit certain market participants who seek to cross the bid–ask spread.