bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing of progranulin into granulins involves multiple lysosomal proteases and is affected in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Mohan Swetha , Sampognaro Paul J. , Argouarch Andrea R. , Maynard Jason C. , Patwardhan Anand , Courtney Emma C. , Mason Amanda , Li Kathy H. , Seeley William W. , Miller Bruce L. , Burlingame Alma , Jacobson Mathew P. , Kao Aimee 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background - Progranulin loss-of-function mutations are linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP-Pgrn). Progranulin (PGRN) is an intracellular and secreted pro-protein that is proteolytically cleaved into individual granulin peptides, which are increasingly thought to contribute to FTLD-TDP-Pgrn disease pathophysiology. Intracellular PGRN is processed into granulins in the endo-lysosomal compartments. Therefore, to better understand the conversion of intracellular PGRN into granulins, we systematically tested the ability of different classes of endo-lysosomal proteases at a range of pH setpoints. Results - In vitro cleavage assays identified multiple enzymes that can process human PGRN into multi- and single-granulin fragments in a pH-dependent manner. We confirmed the role of cathepsin B and cathepsin L in PGRN processing and showed that these and several previously unidentified lysosomal proteases (cathepsins E, G, K, S and V) are able to process PGRN in variable, pH-dependent manners. In addition, we have demonstrated a new role for asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) in processing PGRN, with AEP having the unique ability to liberate granulin F from the pro-protein. Brain tissue from individuals with FTLD-TDP-Pgrn show increased PGRN processing to granulin F, correlating with increased activity of AEP, in a region-specific manner. Conclusions - This study demonstrates that multiple lysosomal proteases may work in concert to liberate granulins and implicates both AEP and granulin F in the neurobiology of FTLD-TDP-Pgrn. Modulating progranulin cleavage may represent a new strategy to modulate PGRN and granulin levels in disease.
Shaping Code in Conjunction with DCT for PAPR Reduction in Multicarrier System
Authors: Aimer Younes , Bouazza Boubakar Seddik , Bachir Smail , Duvanaud Claude 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nonlinear behavior and power efficiency of the power amplifier (PA) depend in a contradictory way on the input signal amplitude distribution. The transmitted signal in multi-carrier modulation exhibits high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and large bandwidths, leading to the degradation of the radio link and the generation of additional out-of-band interferences, which degrade the quality of the transmission. Practical solutions exist, like a power back-off, but with unacceptable cost-efficient conditions at the transmitter. This paper deals with efficiency improvement using a new PAPR reduction method based on the combination of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and shaping technique. The main principle is to determine an optimal coding scheme according to a trade-off between efficiency performances and coding complexity. Simulation and experimental results in the context of OFDM Signal and in presence of a 20 W - 3,7 GHz RF-PA show an improvement on PAPR reduction of about 3,25 dB. Also, the communication criteria like BER (Bit Error Rate) and EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) are improved of about 2 decades and 8 %, respectively.
Development and Psychometric Testing of a Generic Student Engagement Scale for Contemporary Healthcare Education
Authors: Li Shuang , LAM Simon Ching , Siu Summer Cho Nga , Chung Jessie Yuk Seng , Lam Hemio Chung Yan , Tsang Eva Yuen Mei , Li Kam Cheong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Student engagement receives heightened research attention in traditional and contemporary education. This study aimed to develop and validate a Generic Student Engagement Scale (GSES) for the use in contemporary healthcare education including online, distance learning or e-learning.Methods:A 2-phased methodological study employed a cross-sectional design with repeated measures. Phase 1 aimed to develop the items of GSES for the use in generic learning environment of nursing students through item development/revision, content validation, face validation, and statement standardization. Phase 2 aimed to test the psychometric properties of the newly developed GSES on its internal consistency, stability, and factorial validity. Data was collected in 2016-2018. Results:Based on 45 items of the Distance Students Engagement Scale (i.e., 3-factor model), 39 items were revised and adapted to fit the generic learning environment in nursing education. Seven experts and 20 nursing students examined each items and indicated a satisfactory content (CVI = 0.71–1.00 except item G9) and face validity (100% comprehensibility and interpretability). By analyzing 451 valid data from nursing students, confirmatory factor analysis did not support this 3-factor model GSES. Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the new internal structure of GSES. The 26-item 4-factor solution that accounted for a total of 41.0% variance was found the most optimal. The factors were labelled “self-regulated learning”, “cognitive strategy use”, “teacher-student interaction”, and “experienced emotion”. The internal consistency and stability of this new model was re-examined with satisfactory results.Conclusions:The newly developed 26-item 4-factor GSES is reliable and valid scale measuring student engagement among nursing students.
Multi-omic Single-Shot Technology for Integrated Proteome and Lipidome Analysis
Authors: He Yuchen , Rashan Edrees , Linke Vanessa , Shishkova Evgenia , Hebert Alexander , Westphall Michael , Pagliarini Dave , Overmyer Katherine , Coon Joshua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) serves as the centerpiece technology for proteome, lipidome, and metabolome analysis. Despite the versatility of MS systems, fractured methodology drives nearly all MS laboratories to specialize in analysis of a single ome at the exclusion of the others. We describe a technology to achieve broad and deep coverage of multiple molecular classes simultaneously through multi-omic single-shot technology (MOST) requiring only one column, one LC-MS instrument and a simplified workflow.
Metastasis of the Right Thigh From Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Qian Hongwei , Huang Zhikun , Ren Peitu , Sun Xuezheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of malignant tumor that arises from the epithelium of the bile ducts. CCA can invade and metastasize to other tissues in a variety of ways，but distal skeletal muscle metastasis is extremely rare. Case presentation: We present a case of metastasis of the right thigh from cholangiocarcinoma.Conclusion: Perineural invasion may be a pathway of distant metastasis in CCA that has not been not widely recognized. We advocate the complete removal of tumor with dissection of the nerve plexus around major vessels.
Laboratory Test Ordering in Inpatient Hospitals: A Scoping Review on the Effects and Features of Clinical Decision Support Systems
Authors: Zare Sahar , Meidani Zahra , Shirdeli Mohammad , Nabovati Ehsan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies have revealed inappropriate laboratory testing as a source of waste. This review was aimed to evaluate the effects and features of CDSSs on physicians' appropriate laboratory test ordering in inpatient hospitals.Method: Medline through PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane were queried without any time period restriction. The outcomes were categorized based on test-related, physician-related, and patient-related. The primary outcome measures were the number and cost of laboratory test ordered.Result: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted based on a quasi-experimental design. The results showed improvement in laboratory test-related outcomes (e.g. proportion and cost of tests) and also physician-related outcomes (e.g. guideline adherence and orders cancellation). Patient-related outcomes (e.g. length of stay and mortality rate) were not well investigated in the included studies. Also, the evidence about applying CDSS as a decision aid for interpreting laboratory results was rare.Conclusion: CDSSs increase appropriate test ordering in hospitals through eliminating redundant test orders and enhancing evidence-based practice. Appropriate testing and cost saving were both affected by the CDSSs. However the evidence is limited about the effects of laboratory test CDSSs on patient-related outcomes.
Calculus of the fractional order operators in a discrete time domain
Authors: Hawron Konrad , Siwczyński Maciej , Siwczyńska Zuzanna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article presents the elementary theory of differential and integral operators of the fractional order in a discrete time approach. A notion of a simple proper fraction operator has been introduced. It has been done for the time equivalent by applying the Taylor series. On this basis a new theory of a certain complexity operators has been formed which includes differential operators of the fractional order. Somewhat more general approach has been presented in the later part of the article by introducing a rational power of the convolution operator. Both approaches to the fractional operators are realized by non–recursive digital filters of infinite impulse responses. The stability of such filters is also being considered. The article also contains the application to the distributed parameters electrical circuits theorem.
Distinct physical condition and social behavior phenotypes of CD157 and CD38 knockout mice during aging
Authors: Gerasimenko Maria , Lopatina Olga , Shabalova Anna A. , Cherepanov Stanislav M. , Salmina Alla B. , Yokoyama Shigeru , Goto Hisanori , Okamoto Hiroshi , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Ishihara Katsuhiko , Higashida Haruhiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ability of CD38 and CD157 to consume nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has received much attention because aging-induced elevation of CD38 expression plays a role in the senescence-related decline in NAD levels. Therefore, it is of interest to examine and compare the effects of age-associated changes on the general health and brain function impairment of Cd157 and Cd38 knockout (CD157 KO and CD38 KO) mice. Body weight and behaviors were measured in 8-week-old (young adult) or 12-month-old (middle-aged) male mice of both KO strains. The locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and social behavior of mice were measured in open field, and three-chamber tests. Middle-aged CD157 KO male mice gained more body weight than young adult mice, while little or no body weight gain was observed in middle-aged CD38 KO mice. Middle-aged CD157 KO mice displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased sociability and interaction compared with young adult KO mice. Middle-aged CD38 KO mice showed less anxiety and hyperactivity than CD157 KO mice, similar to young adult CD38 KO mice. The results reveal marked age-dependent changes in male CD157 KO mice but not in male CD38 KO mice. We discuss the distinct differences in aging effects from the perspective of inhibition of NAD metabolism in CD157 and CD38 KO mice, which may contribute to differential behavioral changes during aging.
Cost-effectiveness of GeneXpert Compared to Smear Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Ethiopia
Authors: Kaso Abdene , Hailu Alemayehu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Early diagnosis is one of the pillars of the TB (TB) control, and there are strong efforts to detect and treat cases in Ethiopia. Smear microscopy testing has been a routine test for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in resource-constrained settings for a long time. Recently, many countries, including Ethiopia, are scaling up the use of GeneXpert without a precise evaluation of the cost and cost-effectiveness of this technology. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of GeneXpert compared to smear microscopy tests for the diagnosis of TB patients in Ethiopia.
Methods

We develop a decision tree model using TreeAge Pro 2020 software. The model accounts for the prevalence and incidence of TB in the study area. The costs were estimated from the health providers' perspective in one year (in 2017/18). We applied an ingredients-based costing approach to identify, measure, and evaluate the smear microscopy cost and GeneXpert. We employed the 'proportion of cases detected' as an outcome measure of effectiveness. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated by dividing the changes in cost and change effectiveness. One way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were done by varying different input parameters. All costs and ICER are reported in 2018 US$.
Results

The unit cost per test for GeneXpert and smear microscopy testing was US$12.9 and $3.1, respectively. The average cost of testing using GeneXpert was $113.0 and $3.3 for smear microscopy. The cost of the cartridge ($10.7) was the primary (83%) parameter influencing the overall cost of GeneXpert, while it was the cost of reagent and consumables $1.28 (41%) for the smear microscopy. The ICER for GeneXpert strategy was $729.8 per new TB cases detected compared to smear microscopy. The sensitivity analysis indicates that TB prevalence was the most influential parameter on the ICER.
Conclusion

The present study indicates that testing all individuals with suspected TB using GeneXpert is a very cost-effective strategy compared to smear microscopy, and therefore, it can be part of the routine diagnostic testing strategy in Ethiopia.
iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Heat Stress-Induced Mechanisms in Pepper Seedlings
Authors: Wang Jing , Liang Chengliang , Yang Sha , Song Jingshuang , Li Xuefeng , Dai Xiongze , Wang Fei , Juntawong Niran , Tan Fangjun , Zhang Xilu , Jiao Chunhai , Chen Wenchao , Zou Xuexiao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: As one of the most important vegetable crops, pepper has rich nutritional value and high economic value. Increasing heat stress due to the global warming has a negative impact on the growth and yield of pepper. Result: In the present study, we investigated the changes of phenotype, physiology, and proteome in heat-tolerant (17CL30) and heat-sensitive (05S180) pepper seedlings in response to heat stress. Phenotypic and physiological changes showed that 17CL30 had a stronger ability to resist heat stress compared with 05S180. In proteomic analysis, a total of 3,874 proteins were identified, and 1,591 proteins were considered to participate in the process of heat stress response. According to bioinformatic analysis of heat-responsive proteins, the heat tolerance of 17CL30 might be related to a higher photosynthesis, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, and stress defense, compared with 05S180. Conclusion: To understand the heat stress response mechanism of pepper, an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was employed to identify possible heat-responsive proteins and metabolic pathways in 17CL30 and 05S180 pepper seedlings under heat stress. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in heat tolerance of pepper and might offer supportive reference for the breeding of new pepper variety with heat resistance.
Association of evaluated glomerular filtration rate and incident diabetes mellitus: a secondary retrospective analysis based on a Chinese Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Haofei , Guan Mijie , Chen Zhuangsen , Wu Yang , Wan Qijun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have revealed that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of major risk factors of insulin resistance and diabetes. However, there are few investigations of the correlations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and incident diabetes, especially in Chinese population. This study was taken to explore the relationship between eGFR and incident diabetes in a large cohort in Chinese community population. Methods: The present study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 199,435 adults from Rich Healthcare Group in China, which includes all medical records for participants who received a health check from 2010 to 2016. The target independent variable and the dependent variable were eGFR measured at baseline and incident diabetes mellitus appeared during follow-up respectively. Covariates involved in this study included age, gender, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, smoking and drinking status and family history of diabetes. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to investigate the association between eGFR and incident diabetes. Generalized additive model was used to identify non-linear relationships. Additionally, we also performed a subgroup analysis. It was stated that the data had been uploaded to the DATADRYAD website. Result: After adjusting gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, smoking and drinking status and family history of diabetes, result showed eGFR was negatively associated with incident diabetes (HR=0.987, 95%CI (0.984, 0.989)). A J shape relationship was detected between eGFR and incident diabetes, which had an inflection point of eGFR was 97.967 mL/min-1·(1.73 m2)-1. The effect sizes and the confidence intervals on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 0.999 (0.994,1.004) and 0.977 (0.974,0.981), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed, the stronger association can be found in the population with FPG<6.1mmol/L, BMI<24kg/m2, SBP<140mmHg, DBP<90mmHg, HDL in middle level and family history without diabetes. The same trend was also seen in men and in the population with never or ever smoking. Conclusion: eGFR is independently associated with incident diabetes. The relationship between eGFR and incident diabetes is also non-linear. eGFR was strong negatively related to incident diabetes when eGFR is above 97.967 mL/min-1·(1.73 m2)-1.
Risk Factors of Early Stage Residual Back Pain After Percutaneous Kyphoplasty or Vertebroplasty: A Retrospective Study of 853 Patients
Authors: Zhang Bo-bo , Yang Yi-min , Ren Zhi-wei , Yang Wei-zhou , Xiu Jin-tao , Zhang Yin-gang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: A small but significant proportion of patients experienced residual back pain after PVP or PKP treatment. The aim of the present study was to explore risk factors that may affect residual back pain after PKP or PVP. This study identified the risk factors of residual back pain after PKP or PVP, allowing proper intervention and improved clinical outcome.Methods: From January 2010 to January 2017, a total of 853 patients were treated by PVP or PKP at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. We recorded the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Patients with a VAS score > 3 post-operatively and at the 1 month follow-up evaluation were grouped into the “residual back pain” group. The others were grouped into the control group. The following possible risk factors were collected: age; gender; weight; bone mineral density (BMD); surgical approach; surgical type; cement distribution; anesthesia; hypertension; diabetes; smoking; alcohol consumption; vertebral fracture type, and vertebral fracture location. Risk factors associated with residual back pain were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.Results: The incidence of residual back pain after PVP/PKP is 9.61%. Results showed that cement distribution, smoking, vertebral fracture type and vertebral fracture location were independently associated with residual back pain after PVP or PKP in the early post-operative stage. Conclusion: Unsatisfactory cement distribution, smoking history, osteogenic vertebral tumors, osteolytic vertebral tumors, and thoracic fractures were independently associated with residual back pain after PVP or PKP at the early post-operative stage.
The Relationship between Health Anxiety and Prenatal Distress with Choosing the Type of Childbirth in Pregnant Women during Covid-19 Outbreaks in Iran
Authors: Nasab Maryam Beheshti , Bahmaei Hadis , Askari Saeedeh , Ghanbari Saeed , Iravani Mina - 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background This study investigates the relationship between health anxiety and prenatal distress with choosing the type of childbirth in pregnant women during Covid-19 outbreaks in Iran.Methods This is a descriptive-analytical study on 200 nulliparous pregnant women who referred to health centers of Iran to perform routine pregnancy care. Convenient sampling was used, and each nulli pari pregnant woman who tended to enter the study was enrolled. The questionnaires used in this work were demographic and midwifery information questionnaire, health anxiety index-short form (HAI 18), and Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ). After filing out the above questionnaires, two questions regarding the type of delivery selected by them before and during epidemic of covid-19 and the reason of the selection were asked from the participants and were recorded. The information was analyzed in the final stage using SPSS software version 22.Results In general, 200 nulliparous pregnant women participated in this study. A significant statistical association was observed between choosing the type of delivery before and during the covid-19 pandemic (P=0.016). Women health anxiety showed significant statistical difference among various groups (P=0.0001). The highest score was 35.06±07.34 which was observed in the group that choose vaginal delivery at first but they selected cesarean section during the covid-19 pandemic. Mean score of prenatal distress score showed significant statistical difference among various groups (P=0.0001). The highest score was 20.06±4.72 which was observed in the group that choose cesarean before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion The current study showed the higher health anxiety and Prenatal distress in pregnant women, the significantly higher probable of selecting cesarean as delivery method. Therefore, due to the increase in pregnant women Health anxiety and Prenatal distress during the Covid-19 epidemic and its effect on the choice of delivery, planning to promote the mental health of pregnant women is very important.