bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and magnetic properties of Co58Ni10Fe5B16Si11 and Co58Ni10Fe5B16Si11–Al2O3 bulk amorphous coatings prepared by plasma spraying
Authors: Denisova E A , Nemtsev I V , Telegin S V , Iskhakov R S , Kuzovnikova L A , Shepeta N A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The bulk soft magnetic glassy Co58Ni10Fe5B16Si11 alloy specimens have been prepared by plasma spray deposition. In order to increase resistivity of the material, the bulk Co58Ni10Fe5B16Si11–Al2O3 composite materials were fabricated. The investigations of structure and magnetic properties of the bulk samples were carried out by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The relation of the structural features and magnetic characteristics of the bulk coating to the main parameters of the deposition regimes was determined. Optimized plasma spray deposition parameters allowed obtaining bulk glassy samples with magnetic parameters that are not inferior to the characteristics of a thermally treated rapidly quenched ribbon with the same composition. It was found that the bulk amorphous coatings can be characterized as a heterophase system. The relaxation annealing of the Co58Ni10Fe5B16Si11 bulk coating leads to a phase transition in this alloy in the precrystallization temperature range. The magnetic properties of the both kinds of coatings are correlated with changes in the microstructure. The appearance of nanocrystalline phase with TC˜640 K during relaxation heat treatment leads to a decrease of the coercivity and to an increase of the permeability. A comparison between the magnetic properties of the CoNiFe-BSi coating and (CoNiFe-BSi)–Al2O3, composite coating is carried out.
The pattern of changes in the velocity of propagation of ultrasonic waves in frozen soil samples during thawing
Authors: Shikhov A I , Potapov A I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The locations of mining and processing enterprises in the areas of permafrost distribution are associated with monitoring the state of the ice-ground massif. The monitoring problem is exacerbated by climate change trends, and the reduction of suitable for the existence of permafrost zones. The increase in the number of emergencies associated with the degradation of permafrost soils in the regions of the Republic of Sakha and the Norilsk industrial region are direct evidence of this problem. The main consequences of thawing soils are uneven troughs of subsidence of foundations, frosty swelling, and waterlogging. The article considers the possibility of using the ultrasonic monitoring method in order to monitor the state of permafrost soils, along with existing monitoring methods. Existing methods for monitoring the state of permafrost soils are considered. The results of experimental studies of changes in the velocity of propagation of an ultrasonic wave during the thawing of various permafrost soils, humidity and particle size distribution are presented. It has been proved experimentally that the sensitivity of the speed of propagation of an ultrasonic wave to a change in temperature in frozen soil samples. When the soil passes from a frozen state to a plastic-frozen state, there occurs a sharp drop in the speed of the ultrasonic propagation.
Development of methodology for formalized selection of technological operations when designing technological process manufacturing of machinery
Authors: Sokolnikov R A , Bozheeva T V , Govorkov A S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article presents the possibility of automating a formalized selection of technological operations by interconnecting dependencies between all the component components of the technological process. It is shown that the dependencies are folded, including the specifics of working with an enterprise or an enterprise. The study demonstrates the nuances that make it difficult for production and law to affect the approach to selecting a tool and equipment for performing one or one technological operation. An example of a technological process forming for manufacturing a detail in the example of an aviation part of the profile type is given.
The study of surface roughness after thermal-chemical treatment and subsequent grinding
Authors: Ulakhanov N S , Mishigdorzhiyn U L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with the issues connected to the final machining of diffusion layers formed on the 3Kh2V8F die steel surface by boroaluminizing method. It was established that the surface roughness after boroaluminizing increases by 2.6-5.8 times depending on the time-temperature parameters. Therein the temperature affects the surface roughness ascent more significantly than process duration. After boroaluminizing at 950 °C, Ra has increased from initial 1.5 μm to 4 μm and to 5.44 μm after 2 and 4 hours process duration respectively. As for the 1050°C-process, the values increased to 7.7 μm and 8.76 μm after 2 and 4 hours. Fine grinding as a final machining operation (FMO) of diffusion layers reduces surface roughness by 5.8-45 times depending on the boroaluminizing parameters. However, it was established that Ra values after FMO depend on the initial surface roughness after boroaluminizing. The higher the initial roughness, the higher the roughness after fine grinding. This dependence allows proposing technological heredity effect for the investigated study.
Stationary characteristics of the restorable system with the sequential structure, temporal time reserve and disabling of elements
Authors: Peschansky A I , Zamoryonov M V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The object of study is a multicomponent restored system with a consistent structure and element-wise temporary redundancy, in which in case of failure of one of the elements, all other elements are disabled. It is assumed that all the random variables describing the evolution of the system in time have distribution functions of a general form. The average stationary times of stay of the system in operable and failure states are found; stationary availability factor and average system specific profit. A numerical example shows the dependence of the stationary characteristics of the system on the value of the temporary reserve. The problem of determining the volume of the temporary reserve of elements that ensures the system availability factor is not lower than the system availability coefficient with a structurally loaded reserve, each element of which is duplicated by an equally reliable element.
Both day and night warming reduce tree growth in extremely dry soils
Authors: Zhu Chen , Cui Erqian , Xia Jianyang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Trees in global forests are exposed to warming climate, the rate of which is different between day and night, and associated with soil drought. Previous studies commonly show that forest growth responds positively to daytime warming but negatively to night warming. However, it remains unclear whether such asymmetric responses of forest growth to day and night warming still exist in extremely dry soils. Here, based on the long-term records of the normalized difference vegetation index and ring-width index at 2294 forest sites across the Northern Hemisphere, we found that the rising daytime maximum temperature (T
max) reduces stem growth but the rising nighttime minimum temperature (T
min) lowers canopy greenness when the soil is drier than a threshold. We further discuss three mechanisms that could drive such negative impacts. For example, data from experimental studies showed that the shifted biomass allocation from wood to leaves is one important mechanism driving the reductions of wood growth under day warming. These findings indicate that climate warming could negatively affect tree growth in extremely dry soils, regardless of whether temperature rises during the daytime or at night. Thus, understanding the interactions of water and temperature on the sub-diurnal scale is critical for improving our ability to predict the forest dynamics under future climate change.
Impacts of two types of El-Niño on the winter North Pacific storm track
Authors: Yang Minghao , Li Chongyin , Tan Yanke , Li Xin , Chen Xiong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the impacts of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific El-Niño on the winter North Pacific storm track (WNPST) are investigated, and the possible reasons for the different responses of the WNPST to the two types of El-Niño are revealed. It is found that only EP El-Niño episodes have a distinct influence on the strength and movement of the WNPST. During EP El-Niño episodes, the WNPST is significantly enhanced and extended equatorward. The patterns of atmospheric baroclinicity anomalies are consistent during the two types of El-Niño. The enhancement and equatorward extension of the WNPST during EP El-Niño episodes can be attributed to anomalous baroclinic energy conversion. In addition, EP El-Niño episodes can also intensify the strength of the WNPST by warming the lower-tropospheric air upstream of the WNPST, which generates more synoptic-scale disturbances entering the WNPST.
The growth performance and survival rate of catfish (Clarias sp.) that given probiotic controlling nitrogen
Authors: Yosmaniar  , Pantjara B , Setiadi E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The water quality can be improved by using probiotics as bioremediation. The probiotics are a consortium of nitrification and denitrification bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Achromobacter insuavis), which both of the indigenous bacteria are the products of the Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension (RIFA). The objective study is to determine the adding frequency of RIFA probiotic into the water fish pond of catfish culture concerning growth performance and survival. The catfish fingerling with a size of 7-8 cm long and weighing 16.45 ± 0.3 g was used. The stocking density was 750 fish/pond. Nine plastic sheet ponds with a water volume of 1.6 m3 and completed with aeration were used. A dose of probiotics was 10 mL/m3. The difference in adding the frequency of probiotic as a treatment was as followed: A) every 5 days; B) every 10 days, and C) without probiotics. The parameters measured survival rate (SR), absolute weight growth, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), water quality. One way ANOVA with three treatments and three replications were performed. The results showed that the use of probiotics could control nitrogen compounds in catfish cultivation, where the frequency of administration every 5 days gives the best results.
Food preferences of nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti) at paddy-fish culture pond in Kuningan, Garut and Tasikmalaya, West Java Province
Authors: Iskandar  , Anna Z , Zidni I , Hermawan D , Pratiwy F M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The research aims are to determine the availability of natural feed resources and to study the food habits of nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti) in the paddy-fish culture system in Kuningan (300 m from sea level), Garut (700 m from sea level) and Tasikmalaya (500 m from sea level) districts. The research used a survey method with descriptive analysis. The treatment was without commercial feeding so that it utilizes natural feed, and consists of two replications in each location. The research was conducted in August 2018 - May 2019. The fish used was java carp with a length of 5-7 cm and a stocking density of 2000 fish/paddy field 200 m2. The results showed that there were two types of feed composition, namely phytoplankton and zooplankton. The preponderance index of nilem carp in each location generally utilizes phytoplankton from the phylum Bacillariophyta as its main feed. The index of electivity shows that the preference level of Java carp for phytoplankton has similarities in each region. Its mostly preferred phytoplankton, such as Cyclotella, Gomphonema, Gyrosigma, Navícula, Nitzschia, and Synedra from Bacillariophyta and Closterium, Coelastrum and Cosmarium from Chlorophyta.
Eichhornia crassipes aquatic plant management technology for water resources enhancement
Authors: Krismono  , Nastiti A S , Suryandari A , Haryadi J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Degradation of inland waters, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, swamps, and other fish feeding areas for fish farming are increasing, resulting in the impact of fish production and the environmental health of the waters. Eichhornia crassipes is a floating aquatic that is highly invasive in hypertrophic water. The proliferation of water hyacinth closure from the surface water column by decreasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the bottom water column, causing disturbance to the growth of aquaculture fish, so it is necessary to control/eradicate the water hyacinth weed. The technology to control/eliminate water hyacinth is physical, biological, and chemical or a combination of the three. Technology to control/eradicate water hyacinth must consider the negative impact on the environment. Some technologies to eradicate water hyacinth are positive and significant using filled Chinese carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) or confined in cages depending on the body of water. The caged system in lake waters considers fish and native/endemic plants while in reservoir water with a stocking system. In the lake waters, aquaculture is carried out with a floating net cage system measuring 5 × 5 × 5 m3 with a total of 100 plots, each plot filled with 500 Chinese carp (100 g/fish) fed 50 kg of water hyacinth on day-1. The maintenance period is 3 months per season for 3 seasons (1 year). The results show that water hyacinth is reduced by 300 ha. The adoption of technology to improve water quality is one of the management of water bodies to increase fish production.
Controlling pollution from floating cage culture in reservoir and lake using SMART-FCC system
Authors: Astuti L P , Hendrawan A L S , Warsa A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Floating net cages culture (FCC) activity is growing rapidly and becoming one of the largest national freshwater fish producers. Most of the lake/reservoir in Indonesia has been utilized for aquaculture in the FCC system. The positive impact of the FCC includes opening up employment opportunities and increasing the income of farmers and labourers leading to the economic improvement of local community. However, there are negative impacts caused by uneaten feed such as water quality degradation, blooming of macrophytes and algae, hydropower turbine damage due to corrosion, a decreased in the abundance of fish species and others. For this reason, environmentally friendly FCC might offer a solution to control or reduce the release of uneaten feed. One of these technologies is SMART FCC that integrates fish culture and hydroponic or called aquaponics systems applied in open waters of reservoirs/lakes. The main advantage of SMART FCC is its ability to reduce FCC waste because the uneaten feed is not dispersed into the waters, rather it is collected and settles in SMART FCC. The deposited wasted feed can be used as liquid organic fertilizer for the hydroponic plants. At the end, the fish farmers get not only harvested fish but also gain additional benefits and profits from organic plant production.
Sustainable aquaculture of a protected species: The case of juvenile humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) around the Anambas Islands
Authors: Syam A R , Mujiyanto  , Indriatmoko  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), also called napoleon fish or “katepas “ in Anambas Archipelago Regency, Indonesia, is a reef fish which commonly found in tropical seas. Napoleon fish exploitation is still getting higher especially in Indonesia. Nevertheless, this species had listed as a protected species by the Indonesian Government as well as enlisted in Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). Following a dialog among Indonesian officials, FAO and CITES, quota permission has been given to the fisherman community of Anambas Regency. This permission was legally allowed the Anambas Fishermen to fishing the napoleon fish juveniles and reared them in floating net cages for 3-4 years to reach commercial size. About 147,000 napoleon fish were estimated to be reared in Anambas Island. The first export of Napoleon fish was recorded in 2018 by one of the Indonesian fish exporters from Anambas to Hong Kong with 1,000 fish or Rp 1 billion worth and equivalent to $ USD 71.4/kg. The aim of this research was to analyse spatial distribution, juveniles abundance and water quality of the Anambas Islands to improve the sustainability of napoleon fish juveniles resources. Juveniles and water quality data were collected during field survey in 2014 and 2015. The abundance of the juvenile was estimated from monthly data recording by fishermen and water samples were measured in-situ. Post to the measurement of the physical and chemical properties, water quality was determined by using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) based on The Classification of the Index numerical values. The results showed that napoleon fish juveniles were concentrated in several specific locations around Anambas waters. The highest abundance of napoleon fish juvenile was observed in November and December. The waters quality indexes show good and very good conditions for culturing the juvenile in floating net cages. The success in napoleon fish juvenile rearing is a starting point to achieve the fish sustainable aquaculture-based fisheries management. This research concludes that the identified natural rearing areas of juvenile napoleon fish, good water conditions, and improved existing rearing technology might support sustainable ranching-based aquaculture of humphead wrasse in Anambas Islands waters.
Building and improving the capacity of fish and environmental health management strategy in Indonesia
Authors: Lusiastuti A M , Taukhid  , Maskur  , Murwantoko  , Prayitno S B , Sugiani D , Caruso D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fish mortality due to outbreak and to the decrease in the quality of the environment is a latent problem increasingly complex in Indonesia. Extreme weather conditions with high rainfall intensity, reacute actually bring back several opportunistic pathogens of diseases such as Motile Aeromonads Septicemia. Various cases of mass fish deaths re-emerged, especially in public waters such as Maninjau Lake and Cirata reservoir is the sign of the decline in the quality and carrying capacity of the environment and it is suspected to be the main cause of the case. Over the past four years, fish mortality in public water has been regularly recorded and a peak of massive fish mortality occurred in 2016. A total of 4,725 tons of dead fish occurred which is estimated around 0.95 percent of the total production of freshwater net cages cultivation nationally. This amount is estimated to cost economic losses up to IRD 47.25 billion equivalent to 3.3 million US$ (assuming the price of fish is IDR 10,000/0.71US$ per kg). The occurrence of mass mortality of fish from net cages may reduce the aquaculture production originating from public waters up to 23.5 percent. Furthermore, risk of a new cross- border disease such as Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND); White Fecal Syndrome (WFS); Enterozytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) and Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) heavily threaten aquaculture businesses. There is a need for cross-sectoral and even cross-country collaborative efforts, especially in anticipating the spread of cross-border fish diseases. This condition requires commitment and awareness from all stakeholders involved. Therefore, in order to promote sustainable aquaculture production, a national aquatic animal health (NAAH) strategy was formulated and will assist Indonesia government to: improve the national fish health services skills, make aware fish farmers undertaking responsible fish health management and to improve their capacity on emergency responses and contingency planning against diseases, reduce of important fish diseases and the use of chemicals in aquaculture, and prevent introduction of exotic disease. The implementation of the NAAH strategy needs guidance, support and full commitment from the government. The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries through Directorate General of Aquaculture is the competent authorities who will share responsibilities in the implementation of NAAH strategy.
Productivity and profitability of rice-freshwater prawn culture in different stocking density of prawn
Authors: Dewi R R S P S , Krettiawan H , Anggraeni F , Kusnendar E , Kusdiarti  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Integrated farming of fish and rice is a form of rational use of limited land resources. The rice-fish culture has been developed in several countries, especially in Asian countries. This is because rice and fish are important commodities for Asian people. Rice-fish culture can provide almost three times the benefits compared to paddy fields that are only planted with rice alone. The system is environmentally friendly, low cost, low risk, and also provides a source of animal protein food for the community. Indonesia not only develops rice-fish culture but also rice-freshwater prawn culture. In 2014, the Fish Breeding Research Institute produced a strain of fast-growing giant prawn called GI Macro II (Genetic Improvement of Macrobrachium
rosenbergii II). The use of GI Macro II giant prawns in the rice - prawn system is expected to increase the production of giant prawns. This research was conducted to determine the optimal density of giant prawns in the rice - prawn culture system. We hypothesize that using an optimal stocking density will increase the productivity of rice and giant prawns. This research was conducted in March-November 2016 in four locations in Pakem District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Trenches for giant prawns culture were made around the paddy fields to achieve a ratio of 20% of the paddy field. The size of the trenches was 1 m in wide and a minimum depth of 50 cm, and the main trench with a width of 3-4 m which contained a harvest basin was made. Giant prawn seeds stocked have a total length of 5.8 ± 1.09 cm or weight of 2.2 ± 1.42 g. The depth of the puddle in the paddy field was less than 5 cm in the vegetative phase and more than 10 cm in the generative phase until harvesting. After 14 days of rice planting, giant prawn seeds were spread into prepared trenches. The treatment consisted of two levels of stocking density of giant prawns, 10 ind/m2 and 15 ind/m2. Density at 10 ind/m2 yielded higher growth and survival (1.76 ± 0.39% BW/day & 62.53 ± 17.43%) and lower feed conversion ratio (1.04 ± 0.38) compared with density of 15 ind/m2 (1.3 ± 0.20% BW/day; 46.3 ± 4.28%; and 1.66 ± 0.49%). Production of rice and prawns in an area of 1000 m2 with a density of 10 ind/m2 were 698 kg of rice and 112 kg of giant prawns. As for the stocking density of 15 ind/m2, rice production was 795 kg and prawns were 107 kg. The benefit obtained from the stocking density of 10 ind/m2 was IDR 5,037,000 with a B/C ratio of 1.7. As for the stocking density of 15 ind/m2, the benefit obtained was IDR 3,942,000 with a B/C ratio of 1.1. Thus, stocking density of 10 ind/m2 produces higher prawn production and higher profits than stocking density of 15 ind/m2.