bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blasts from the Past: Supernova Shock Breakouts among X-Ray Transients in the XMM-Newton Archive
Authors: Alp Dennis , Larsson Josefin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The first electromagnetic signal from a supernova (SN) is released when the shock crosses the progenitor surface. This shock breakout (SBO) emission provides constraints on progenitor and explosion properties. Observationally, SBOs appear as minute- to hour-long extragalactic X-ray transients. They are challenging to detect and only one SBO has been observed to date. Here, we search the XMM-Newton archive and find 12 new SN SBO candidates. We identify host galaxies to nine of these at estimated redshifts of 0.1–1. The SBO candidates have energies of ∼1046 erg, timescales of 30–3000 s, and temperatures of 0.1–1 keV. They are all consistent with being SN SBOs, but some may be misidentified Galactic foreground sources or other extragalactic objects. SBOs from blue supergiants agree well with most of the candidates. However, a few could be SBOs from Wolf–Rayet stars surrounded by dense circumstellar media, whereas two are more naturally explained as SBOs from red supergiants. The observations tentatively support non-spherical SBOs and are in agreement with asymmetries predicted by recent three-dimensional SN explosion simulations. eROSITA may detect ∼2 SBOs per year, which could be detected in live analyses and promptly followed up.
Estimating Dust Attenuation from Galactic Spectra. I. Methodology and Tests
Authors: Li Niu , Li Cheng , Mo Houjun , Hu Jian , Zhou Shuang , Du Cheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We develop a method to estimate the dust attenuation curve of galaxies from full optical spectral fitting. Motivated by previous studies, we separate the small-scale features from the large-scale spectral shape, by performing a moving average method to both the observed spectrum and the simple stellar population (SSP) model spectra. The intrinsic dust-free model spectrum is then derived by fitting the observed ratio of the small- to large-scale (S/L) components with the S/L ratios of the SSP models. The selective dust attenuation curve is then determined by comparing the observed spectrum with the dust-free model spectrum. One important advantage of this method is that the estimated dust attenuation curve is independent of the shape of theoretical dust attenuation curves. We have done a series of tests on a set of mock spectra covering wide ranges of stellar age and metallicity. We show that our method is able to recover the input dust attenuation curve accurately, although the accuracy depends slightly on the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. We have applied our method to a number of edge-on galaxies with obvious dust lanes from the ongoing MaNGA survey, deriving their dust attenuation curves and E(B − V) maps, as well as dust-free images in g, r, and i bands. These galaxies show obvious dust lane features in their original images, which largely disappear after we have corrected the effect of dust attenuation. The vertical brightness profiles of these galaxies become axisymmetric and can well be fitted by a simple disk vertical structure model.
The Effect of Substellar Continent Size on Ocean Dynamics of Proxima Centauri b
Authors: Salazar Andrea M. , Olson Stephanie L. , Komacek Thaddeus D. , Stephens Haynes , Abbot Dorian S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The potential habitability of tidally locked planets orbiting M-dwarf stars has been widely investigated in recent work, typically with a nondynamic ocean and without continents. On Earth, ocean dynamics are a primary means of heat and nutrient distribution. Continents are a critical source of nutrients, strongly influence ocean dynamics, and participate in climate regulation. In this work, we investigate how the size of a substellar land mass affects the oceans ability to transport heat and upwell nutrients on the tidally locked planet Proxima Centauri b using the ROCKE-3D coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (GCM). We find that dayside ice-free ocean and nutrient delivery to the mixed layer via upwelling are maintained across all continent sizes. We also find that Proxima Centauri b’s climate is more sensitive to differences among atmospheric GCMs than to the inclusion of ocean dynamics in ROCKE-3D. Finally, we find that Proxima Centauri b transitions from a “lobster” state where ocean heat transport distributes heat away from the substellar point to an “eyeball” state where heat transport is restricted and surface temperature decreases symmetrically from the substellar point when the continent size exceeds ∼20% of the surface area. Our work suggests that both a dynamic ocean and continents are unlikely to decrease the habitability prospects of nearby tidally locked targets like Proxima Centauri b that could be investigated with future observations by the James Webb Space Telescope.
Novel mGluR4 agonist Rapitalam ameliorates motor dysfunction in mice with tau-associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Avdeeva Natalia V. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Tau protein is classically involved in the pathogenesis of a neurodegenerative processes, such as Par­kinson’s disease. This study was aimed at testing the novel mGluR4 selective agonist using it in transgenic mice with tau-associated neurodegeneration.
Materials and methods: Mice with Human P301S Tau hyperexpression were divided into 3 groups: Rapitalam 6 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg by gavage 3 times a week; and Control (Sham). The motor functions of animals were evaluated at 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th, and 20th weeks of life using the grip-test, rotarod and hanging wire test. In addition, the time of symptoms onset and death was recorded.
Research results: The use of Rapitalam at a dose of 6 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg significantly restored the holding impulse on a hanging wire, increasing it from 5.06±1.25 kg×sec to 6.42±0.97 kg×sec and 8.84±1.17 kg×sec, respectively. A similar trend was observed in the grip test: Rapitalam recovered grip strength from 28.43±5.04 N in the control group to 44.27±5.54 N (6 mg/kg) and 59.53±7.95 (20 mg/kg). Finally, the two-month use of Rapitalam neither delayed the manifestation of symptoms, nor increased the survival of mice.
Discussion: The cause of the loss of nerve cells in the mouse-tau line is autophagy. Apparently, Rapitalam is not able to simulate this process by reducing excitotoxicity, but against the background of the neurodegenerative process, it increases the activity of the nerve cells.
Conclusion: Rapitalam improves motor dysfunction in mice with tauopathy, with no effect on the survival of animals.
Wachstum gut, alles gut ? Pour une autre lecture de la société allemande trente ans après la chute du Mur
Authors: Goudin Élisa , Volkwein Alice 
Published: June 2020

À l’occasion des 30 ans de l’unité allemande, il nous semble nécessaire de sortir de l’exclusivité de critères strictement quantitatifs et trop axés sur la croissance pour apprécier l’état de l’unité allemande à l’aulne d’autres critères permettant d’affiner la carte d’Allemagne et la réalité des différences Est-Ouest aujourd’hui. En effet, la division Est-Ouest, persistante 30 ans après l’unification, ne peut être la seule grille de lecture de la situation sociale de l’Allemagne contemporaine. Ces réflexions croisent étude statistique et étude d’histoire orale (18 entretiens biographiques d’Allemands de l’Est) et s’appuient sur les théories économiques dépassant le PIB et la croissance pour chercher à évaluer le « bien-être », voire le « bonheur » d’une société. Nous évoquons trois critères permettant de mettre en lumière d’autres réalités est-allemandes : l’égalité des chances notamment au niveau scolaire et entre hommes et femmes, l’engagement et la cohésion sociale, et le respect de l’environnement.
Écrire pour le (grand) public sans renoncer aux pairs : trois expériences de revues en ligne
Authors: Brodiez-Dolino Axelle , Ruiz Émilien , Delalande Nicolas , Bellanger Emmanuel , Vorms Charlotte , Poublanc Sébastien 
Published: June 2020

Les revues en ligne et en libre accès connaissent depuis dix ans un réel dynamisme, qui se manifeste tant par la hausse du nombre de revues et d’articles consultés que par leur inventivité et leur attractivité – et ce, auprès des chercheurs comme du grand public. Pour mieux comprendre ce phénomène, qui implique une adaptation des écritures académiques, démultiplie l’audience potentielle des chercheurs et interroge les modèles économiques classiques de l’édition des revues scientifiques, trois publications pluridisciplinaires et en libre accès ont répondu à notre invitation : La Vie des idées , Métropolitiques et Mondes sociaux . Elles atteignent un lectorat sans commune mesure avec les tirages papier (par ailleurs en baisse) des revues classiques : plus de 450 000 visiteurs uniques par mois pour La Vie des idées et 20 000 à 30 000 pour Mondes sociaux ; 4 500 par jour en moyenne pour Métropolitiques . Quels sont leurs objectifs et leur modèle économique ? Quelle place y représente l’histoire, en particulier l’histoire sociale contemporaine ? Quel est leur lectorat – et celui-ci est-il en accord avec les visées initiales ? Quelles sont les clés d’un article à succès ? Est-ce valorisant pour un chercheur d’y publier ? Ont-elles recours à une écriture si différente des revues académiques classiques ? Comment élargir le public des sciences humaines et sociales tout en conservant ce qui fait leur spécificité en termes de démonstration, de rigueur et d’investigation empirique ? Autant de questions auxquelles cet entretien croisé vise à répondre.
Les Français, la mémoire de la Grande Guerre et son centenaire
Authors: Prost Antoine 
Published: June 2020

La Grande Guerre reste la plus grande épreuve subie par la France depuis la Révolution. L’ampleur de ses commémorations le confirme. Celles-ci s’inscrivent dans un temps plus long : depuis plus de vingt ans, la présence de cette guerre se renforçait dans la société et, grâce aux immenses ressources documentaires mises en ligne, des conversations se développaient sur le Web, débordant souvent l’histoire familiale. La commémoration a mobilisé sous des formes diverses de multiples acteurs ; les mémoires familiales et locales se sont exprimées comme les composantes d’une mémoire nationale et les manifestations officielles leur ont donné une place. Le recours à l’histoire a enrichi et consolidé ces mémoires, mais elles font de la guerre un moment exceptionnel de souffrance et de deuil dont on ne voit plus les raisons.
Addressing Burnout Syndrome From a Critical Care Specialty Organization Perspective
Authors: Cochran Kathryn L. , Doo Kathleen , Squires Allison , Shah Tina , Rinne Seppo , Mealer Meredith 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Health care specialty organizations are an important resource for their membership; however, it is not clear how specialty societies should approach combating stress and burnout on an organizational scale.

Objective:
To understand the prevalence of burnout syndrome in American Thoracic Society members, identify specialty-specific risk factors, and generate strategies for health care societies to combat burnout.

Methods:
Cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey in a sample of 2018 American Thoracic Society International Conference attendees to assess levels of burnout syndrome, work satisfaction, and stress.

Results:
Of the 130 respondents, 69% reported high stress, 38% met burnout criteria, and 20% confirmed chaotic work environments. Significant associations included sex and stress level; clinical time and at-home electronic health record work; and US practice and at-home electronic health record work. There were no significant associations between burnout syndrome and the selected demographics. Participants indicated patient care as the most meaningful aspect of work, whereas the highest contributors to burnout were workload and electronic health record documentation. Importantly, most respondents were unaware of available resources for burnout.

Conclusions:
Health care specialty societies have access to each level of the health system, creating an opportunity to monitor trends, disseminate resources, and influence the direction of efforts to reduce workplace stress and enhance clinician well-being.
To evaluate the minimum number of renal scans required to follow pediatric patient postpyeloplasty
Authors: Verma Shashwat , Saxena Payal , Singh Sanjeet , Khandpur Sukhanshi , Deswal Satyawati , Kumar Narvesh , Singh Anjana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study is to evaluate the minimum number of renal scans required to follow pediatric patients postpyeloplasty. We prospectively reviewed the renal scans of 145 children with unilateral pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction who underwent dismembered pyeloplasty. Patients were then divided into four groups based on preoperative split renal function. All patients were followed with renal scan and ultrasound for minimum of 4 years. Renal scan and ultrasound were done after stent removal at 3, 6, and 12 months and then yearly after surgery. Drainage pattern (T1/2) was seen in all groups, except in patients where there was no comment on drainage pattern. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test as a post hoc test with Bonferroni correction and Kruskal–Wallis test with Mann–Whitney U-test as a post hoc test with Bonferroni correction. On comparison of the pattern of drainage with time in Groups 1–4, it was found that there was no significant difference with time in Group 1. Then, further, using Wilcoxon signed-rank test as post hoc test for Friedman ANOVA, Group 2 showed statistically significant difference in drainage pattern in scans between 6 months and 1 year, Group 3 showed statistically significant difference in drainage pattern in scans between 3 months and 1 year, and Group 4 showed statistically significant difference in drainage pattern in scans done between 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05). Minimum of three renal scans were required for paediatric patients post pyeloplasty at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year in the follow up period.
“Tumour sink effect” on the diagnostic or posttreatment radioiodine scan due to sequestration into large-volume functioning metastasis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma influencing uptake in smaller metastatic sites or remnant thyroid tissue: An uncommon but possible phenomenon in thyroid cancer practice
Authors: Basu Sandip , Ranade Rohit , Abhyankar Amit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo patients of differentiated thyroid carcinoma are illustrated demonstrating “sink effect” in posttherapeutic and diagnostic radioiodine (I-131) study: (a) in the first case, it masked the other small-volume metastatic sites (pulmonary and paratracheal nodes) in the posttreatment scan, which were clarified following metastatectomy of the large-volume skeletal metastatic lesion, and (b) in the second, interestingly, it masked the remnant thyroid uptake in the first postoperative diagnostic radioiodine study. In both the situations, large-volume highly functioning skeletal metastasis was the cause for the observed “sink effect” and is presented as learning illustrations to the attending physicians. Although uncommon, this is a possible phenomenon in thyroid cancer practice.
Comparison of predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) using lung perfusion scintigraphy with observed forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) post lung resection
Authors: Mathew Boon , Nag Sudipta , Agrawal Archi , Ranganathan Priya , Purandare Nilendu , Shah Sneha , Puranik Ameya , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLung perfusion scintigraphy is done as a part of preoperative evaluation in lung cancer patients for the prediction of postoperative forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). This study was performed to see the accuracy of prediction of postoperative FEV1 by perfusion scintigraphy for patients undergoing lobectomy/pneumonectomy by comparing it with actual postoperative FEV1 obtained by spirometry 4–6 months after surgery. We retrospectively reviewed 50 surgically resected lung cancer patients who underwent preoperative spirometry, lung perfusion study, and postoperative spirometry. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between predicted postoperative FEV1 (PPO FEV1) by lung perfusion scintigraphy and postoperative actual FEV1 measured by spirometry. Agreement between the two methods was analyzed with Bland–Altman method. The correlation between the PPO FEV1 and actual postoperative FEV1 was statistically significant (r = 0.847, P = 0.000). The correlation was better for pneumonectomy compared to lobectomy (r = 0.930 [P = 0.000] vs. 0.792 [P = 0.000]). The agreement analysis showed a mean difference of −0.0558 with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.284. The limits of agreement vary over a wide range from −−0.625 to 0.513 L (mean ± 2 SD) for the entire group. For pneumonectomy, the mean difference was −0.0121 and SD 0.169 with limits of agreement varying between −0.30 L and 0.30 L. For lobectomy, the mean difference was −0.0826 and SD 0.336 with limits of agreement varying between −0.755 L and 0.590 L. Postoperative FEV1 predicted using lung perfusion scintigraphy shows good correlation with actual postoperative FEV1 and shows reasonably good agreement in patients undergoing pneumonectomy. The limits of agreement appear to be clinically unacceptable in patients undergoing lobectomy, where single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or SPECT/CT techniques may improve prediction.
Isolated single lobe hyperplasia of the thyroid gland, presenting as anterior mediastinal mass, detected on positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Malik Dharmender , Verma Ritu , Jain Sunila 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe report a case who presented with facial swelling and breathlessness. Recent chest X-ray was suggestive of soft-tissue in the mediastinum. In view of the suspicion of mass being neoplastic, the patient was referred for positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan. Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT scan revealed a mildly FDG-avid large lobulated soft-tissue mass in the anterior mediastinum, seen to arising from right lobe of the thyroid gland, extending into the right hemithorax. Histopathological examination of the mass was compatible with adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid. Here, we report an unusual case of isolated single lobe hyperplasia of the thyroid gland, masquerading as an anterior mediastinal mass.
Erratum: The Jiang–Su Absorption for Inclusions of Unital C*-algebras
Authors: Osaka Hiroyuki , Teruya Tamotsu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe correct an error in the statement in a proposition and a theorem in Jiang–Su absorption for inclusions of unital C*-algebras. Canad. J. Math. 70(2018), 400–425. This error was found by Dr. M. Ali Asadi-Vasfi and communicated to the authors by N. Christopher Phillips of the University of Oregon, who also suggested the outline for the following correct proofs.
Euler characteristics and their congruences in the positive rank setting
Authors: Ray Anwesh , Sujatha R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe notion of the truncated Euler characteristic for Iwasawa modules is an extension of the notion of the usual Euler characteristic to the case when the homology groups are not finite. This article explores congruence relations between the truncated Euler characteristics for dual Selmer groups of elliptic curves with isomorphic residual representations, over admissiblep-adic Lie extensions. Our results extend earlier congruence results from the case of elliptic curves with rank zero to the case of higher rank elliptic curves. The results provide evidence for thep-adic Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer formula without assuming the main conjecture.
Analysis of the profitability of micro broiler enterprises in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State
Authors: Ukpabuku Joseph Ugah , Ohen Susana Ben 
Published: June 2020

This study was undertaken to evaluate the profitability micro broiler businesses in Calabar metropolis. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate the profitability of micro broiler enterprises in Calabar metropolis, analyses selected factors which affects the profitability of micro broiler enterprises and to identify the constraints faced by micro broiler enterprises in Calabar metropolis. It made use of primary data obtained from a random sample of 112 micro broiler operators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, profitability ratios, cost and return analysis and Ordinary Least Square Multiple regression approach. The cost and returns analysis showed that the total variable cost of production per cycle amounted to N45,931,670.00 with cost of feed contributing 60.11 percent to the total cost. Total production cost per bird was N1,213.77 and total revenue per bird was N1,862.39, showing a gross margin of N684.96 and a net income of N648.62 per bird produced. The rate of return on sales (0.35), rate of return on investment (0.53), rate of return on variable cost (1.55) and operating ratio (0.63) all show that micro broiler business in Calabar metropolis was profitable. Output of broiler (flock size) (p<0.01), cost of day old chicks (p<0.05), and transportation fare (p<0.1) were significant to the variation in maximum variable profit. The most dominant constraints identified in the study included; inflationary/recessionary trends, high cost of inputs, poor access to credit, high competition and disease/pest in that order. The study recommended that micro broiler operators should organize themselves into cooperative societies to enable them enjoy the benefits of economies of size and credit facilities from lending agencies.
Keywords: Profitability, enterprises, micro, broiler, cost and returns