bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between physical activity and hypertension: A retrospective study
Authors: Hou Zhengyao , Wan Shaoping , Yong Zhengping , Wu Yu , Zhang Yueqi , Wu Xingwei , Tong Rongsheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Many guidelines recommend physical activity to prevent hypertension. However, the recommendations of different studies and guidelines for physical activity to prevent hypertension are not uniform. The objective of this study is to examine the association between the prevalence of hypertension and physical activity in different patterns, intensities, and durations. Methods: The sample was from a cross-sectional study of 479,842 subjects called the China Hypertension Survey, 2012-2015. We selected participants with physical activity information from the survey results in Sichuan Province (n = 19,277) for this study. As an advantage of our research, we used multiple imputation to supplement the missing data, instead of mean filling or delete missing values directly. The relationship between physical activity and hypertension was mainly analyzed by the Wilcoxon rank-test, Chi-squared tests, and the logistic regression model. Results: There were 2,006 participants eligible. A total of 354 (17.6%) participants were hypertensive. Participants who were older, less educated, had higher BMI, used alcohol regularly, and had a family history of hypertension were more likely to get hypertension (p-value<0.0001). Both walking or cycling ≥ 15 hours/week (OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.36-0.95) and the sleeping duration ≥ 10 hours/non-working day (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.19-0.81) are related to the low prevalence of hypertension. The risk factor associated with hypertension is the moderate activity related to leisure ≥ 15 hours/week (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.14-3.40). Conclusions: This study indicates that there is a significant association between the duration of physical activity and the prevalence of hypertension. Moreover, this association is affected by different patterns of physical activity.
Physiological and Transcriptomic Response of Grey Poplar (Populus ×Canescens Aiton Sm.) to Cadmium Stress
Authors: Komarkova Martina , Chromy Jakub , Pokorna Eva , Soudek Petr , Machova Pavlina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Populus ×canescens (Aiton) Sm. is a fast-growing woody plant belonging to the family Salicaceae. Thanks to its deep root system and fast growth rate, two poplar genotypes (TP11 and TP20) was chosen to be characterized and tested for a physiological and transcriptomic response to Cd stress.Results: Both sexual and clonal reproduction are common in grey poplar. Thus, to reveal its genetic structure, two selected poplar genotypes characterized by unique phenotypic traits were distinguished by microsatellite analysis. A comparative analysis of the effects of exposure to high cadmium (Cd) concentrations on the physiological response of TP11 and TP20 was performed. After 2 and 10 days, 10 µM and 100 µM Cd were added to the nutrient solution of poplar plants grown in perlite. Neither tested Cd concentration negatively affected plant growth; however, the chlorophyll content significantly decreased. According to mineral uptake analysis, the potassium (K) content was higher in the shoots than in the roots. The calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were only slightly affected by Cd treatment. The zinc (Zn) content in the shoots of TP20 was lower than that in the shoots of TP11. Moreover, the amount of Zn was slightly higher in the shoots of both genotypes after 10 days of Cd treatment compared to the control conditions. Cd accumulation was higher in the roots than in the shoots. After 2 days of 100 µM Cd treatment, TP11 accumulated significantly more Cd in the roots than TP20. After 10 days of exposure, 10 µM Cd resulted in comparable amounts of Cd in the roots and shoots of TP20, which was reflected in a translocation factor (TF) value greater than 1. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses were used to examine the expression profiles of selected stress-response genes in the roots and shoots of plants exposed to Cd. The most significant change in transcript amount was observed in endochitinase 2, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 and phi class glutathione S-transferase, which have been characterized as stress-response genes.Conclusions: Our study provided new insights for effective assessing the ability of different poplar genotypes to tolerate Cd stress and underlying Cd tolerance.
The Importance of the Change Point Recognition in the Landmark Analysis of Immuno-oncology Clinical Trial with the Delayed Treatment Effect
Authors: Huang Lihong , Ting Naitee 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The proportional hazards (PH) assumption is often not met in the IO clinical trials due to the delayed effect. The landmark analysis could be performed as sensitivity analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment despite the impact of the violation of PH assumption, but analysis results can vary according to the different landmarks. The goal of the paper was to raise the awareness in both the statistical and clinical communities regarding the importance of the change point in the IO delayed effect clinical trials, in order for the improvement of the existing landmark analysis method.Methods: Pre-define the change point as an objective choice of landmark time of landmark analysis was recommended for the IO trials with delayed effect to avoid additional biases caused by the choice of landmark. We called this method change point landmark analysis (CPLA). Monte Carlo simulation was implemented to explore test power and type I error of CPLA. A simulated example was also conducted to evaluate the advantages of change point recognition on the landmark analysis.Results: CPLA showed the high power comparing to the earlier landmark choices and the later landmark choices, especially when the impact of the delayed effect was earlier than the median survival time. The type I errors of CPLA are also well controlled.Conclusions: the change point is a good objective choice of landmark in landmark analysis, which could resolve the objectively pre-defined challenge which is the critical requirement of the landmark analysis.
MicroRNA-340 Inhibits Bladder Cancer Cell Growth by Downregulating Glucose Transporter-1
Authors: Li Junlong , Xu Gang , Pan Shouhua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: MicroRNA (miRNA)-340 is emerging as a critical regulator for the development and progression of various cancers, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma and prostate cancer. However, little was known about the role of miR-340 in bladder cancer. Methods: Bladder cancer and adjacent non-tumor tissue samples were collected from thirty patients undergoing surgical resection at Shaoxing People's Hospital. The expression of miR-340 and Glut-1 were studied via real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or western blots. Bladder cancer T24 cells were transfected with miR-340 mimics to explore cell proliferation and apoptosis via MTT assay, flow cytometer, RT-qPCR and western blots. Results: Compared with that of normal tissues, miR-340 expression was significantly lower, while both mRNA and protein expression of Glut-1 were higher in bladder cancer tissues. The miR-340 could negatively regulate Glut-1 expression in bladder cells. Moreover, bladder cell proliferation could be inhibited by miR-340 and the corresponding antitumor effect could partially reverse by the overexpression of Glut-1. In view of the complexity of gene networks, some other multiple pathways might also confer to miR-340 inducing bladder cell apoptosis, including downregulating PCNA, upregulating Bax and decreasing the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT.Conclusion: This work suggested an inverse correlation between miR-340 and glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1) expression in bladder cancer. miR-340/Glut-1 axis might be a potential and novel therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer. More investigations need to further explore the applications of miR-340 in bladder cancer.
A Network Pharmacology-based Study of the Potential Mechanism of Bushenhuoxue Formula in Treating Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wen Xiong , Xianhua Cai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the potential mechanism underlying the efficacy of BuShenHuoXue (BSHX) formula on Osteoarthritis (OA) and its molecular mechanism. Materials and Methods: Data as for bioactive chemicals of individual herb in BSHX formula and their targets were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and OA-associated targets from Gene Expression Omnibus database, compound-disease target network and protein-protein interactions network were built, picturized and analyzed by Cytoscape. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment of key targets were carried out and analyzed to probe into the core pathway and their main functions further. The chondrocytes of SD rats were cultured in vitro, and 50μg/ml IL-1βwas added to the chondrocytes to induce apoptosis. Different concentrations of quercetin were added to the experimental group and the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes, the difference of the expression of SELE, MMP2, and COL1 genes and their protein expression level were further detected. Results: A total of 104 candidate chemicals and 42 crossing targets were screened out. Leading target genes are PTGS2, NCOA2 and HSP90AA1, whereas quercetin and luteolin are principal ingredients. Potential pathways against OA are AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Relaxin signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, Tyrosine metabolism and Endocrine resistance. Our study showed that quercetin could inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by IL-1β, decrease SELE, MMP2 and COL1 mRNA expression, likewise decrease the expression of SELE, MMP2 and COL1 protein. Conclusion: This study investigated the bioactive chemicals, crossing targets and possible mechanisms of BSHX formula against OA by network pharmacology strategy, results suggests that quercetin in BSHX formula may target on SELE, MMP2, and COL1 genes and then inhibit the progression of OA through the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. By the mechanism of reducing the apoptosis rate of SD rat chondrocytes and down-regulation the expression of genes involved in inflammation, we made sure that quercetin as principal ingredient can protect the cartilage. In addition, the conclusion of this study still need to be confirmed by in vivo and vitro experiments.
Large-Scale Transcriptome Analysis Identified Novel Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures for Predicting the Prognostic of Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Lei , Gu Jia , Liu Wenke , Zhang Zhe , Yao Yao , Han Tao , Li Wenya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the most common of all malignant tumors. Traditional tumor staging has general sensitivity and specificity in predicting patient prognosis. Ferroptosis is a novel form of non-apoptotic form of cell death promoted by lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis may be involved in the malignant progression of tumors through the regulation of glutathione depletion or the P53 signaling pathway. However, there are fewer studies on the impact of ferroptosis on tumor prognosis.Methods: We summarized 22 molecules that regulate ferroptosis. The transcriptome and corresponding clinical data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The Wilcoxon test was utilized to analyze the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. We established risk score signatures, and all patients divided into two groups. Survival curves and multifactorial Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the prognostic value of ferroptosis on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).Results: We found that most ferroptosis-related genes are specifically expressed in LUAD tissue. We established a six‑mRNA signature and a seven‑IncRNA signature. All the models showed high predictive performance (AUC: 0.66–0.8), and patients in the low-risk group had higher overall survival than those in the high-risk group (P<0.05). The risk score is an independent risk factor for predicting the prognosis of LUAD.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the critical role of ferroptosis in LUAD, and it is expected to supply a reference for the prognostic stratification of LUAD.
Are closed campus policies associated with youth eating behaviours?
Authors: Patte Karen Allison , Cole Adam , Qian Wei , Magier Megan , Vine Michelle , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of school nutrition regulations may be undermined by the food environment surrounding schools, particularly among adolescents, as they are less likely to eat lunch at school and have their own spending money. Given challenges in regulating the external food retail, policies where students are unable to leave the school property during the day have been suggested to improve student nutrition. The aim of this study was to examine whether closed campus policies (CCP) are associated with student eating behaviours.Methods: The current study used student- and school-administrator survey data from 60,610 grade 9-12 students and 134 Canadian secondary schools participating in year 7 (2018/2019) of the COMPASS study. Multiple ordinal regression models tested school CCP as a predictor of weekday dietary behaviours (0-5 days), controlling for student- (grade, gender, spending money, ethnicity) and school-level (urbanicity, province, area median household income, school vending machines) covariates.Results: A total of 16 schools reported CCP. Students who attended schools with CCP reported eating lunch purchased from fast food places or restaurants on fewer weekdays, but consumed sugar sweetened beverages (sodas/sports drinks or sweetened coffee/tea drinks) and snacks purchased from school vending machines on more weekdays, relative to students at schools with open campus policies. No significant differences in student reports of eating lunch brought from home, eating lunch purchased from the school cafeteria, or snacks purchased off-school campus were observed between schools with open and CCP.Conclusions: CCP may help improve youth eating behaviour by reducing sugar sweetened beverages and lunch time fast food consumption on weekdays; however, students already purchasing food may shift from off-campus to within school options, highlighting the importance of ensuring healthy school food environments and encouraging students to bring home-prepared lunches. Future studies using experimental longitudinal designs are needed to determine the effect of school CCP on various health behaviours and outcomes.
Dihydroartemisinin promotes CHAC1 transcription to induce ferroptosis in primary liver cancer cells: activation of unfolded protein responses
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Li Mingxing , Liu Yuanfeng , Qiao Zhentao , Bai Tao , Yang Ling , Liu Bo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore whether dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an artemisinin derivate drug, eliminates primary liver cancer (PLC) cells by inducing ferroptosis. Methods: Four PLC cell lines were treated with varied concentrations of DHA. RNA interference was performed to knock down the expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) sensors in vitro. Results: DHA-caused PLC cell death was irrelevant to p53 status. PLC cells exposed to DHA displayed classic ferroptosis features – increased lipid ROS, MDA and iron ions, and decreased activity or expression of GSH, GPX4, SLC7A11 and SLC3A2. The anti-tumor effects of DHA were significantly weakened by ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine mesylate salt, but augmented by iron overload. DHA activated all three UPR branches, including PERK/eIF2/ATF4, IRE1α / XBP1 , and ATF6, in vitro . Further, to deactivate UPRs, exclusive siRNA was used to silence the expression of ATF4, XBP1 or ATF6 in PLC cells. Unexpectedly, ferroptosis induced by DHA was significantly attenuated when ATF4, XBP1 or ATF6 was knocked down. The transcription of CHAC1, a molecule that is capable of degrading GSH, was enhanced by DHA, but weakened when the above three UPR transcription factors were silenced.Conclusion: DHA effectively induces ferroptosis in PLC cells, which involves the activation of anti-survival UPRs.
Effects of forage rape at various levels on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of Hu lambs
Authors: Du Encun , Guo Wanzheng , Zhao Na , Chen Fang , Fan Qiwen , Zhang Wei , Huang Shaowen , Zhou Guangsheng , Fu Tingdong , Wei Jintao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of forage rape ( Brassica napus ) in total mixed ration (TMR)-based diet on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of Hu lambs. Methods: A total of 50 Hu lambs (20.86 ± 3.00 kg, three-month-old) were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments: Ctrl, T1, T2, T3 and T4 with 0, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of forage rape, respectively. Each treatment had 10 replicates of one lamb each and the study lasted for 60 days. Results: The results showed that T2, T3 and T4 increased the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly compared with Ctrl and T1 ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the final body weight and ADG were increased, and the FCR were decreased linearly ( P < 0.05) along with increasing forage rape levels. The relative weight of liver was increased in T3 and T4 compared with Ctrl ( P < 0.05). With increasing forage rape levels, the relative content of intramuscular heptadecenoic acid and α-linolenic acid, and the composition of various amino acids in the muscle of lambs were increased linearly ( P < 0.05), while ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen was decreased linearly ( P < 0.05). No difference on carcass traits, meat quality or ruminal profile of short-chain fatty acids were observed among groups ( P > 0.05). In addition, the inclusion of forage rape altered the rumen microbial community, and increased the relative abundance of cellulolytic bacteria and short-chain fatty acid producers, including genera Family_XIII_AD3011_group and Anaerovorax in T1, Succiniclasticum and Fibrobacter in T2, Ruminiclostridium_5 in T3, and members of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Shuttleworthia in T4. Conclusion: TMR included with forage rape could improve growth performance, meat nutritional value and rumen microbial community of Hu lambs.
The Impacts of Financial Development on Green and Non-Green Energy Consumption: Empirical Evidence From OPEC Countries
Authors: Alshubiri Faris , Elheddad Mohamed , Jamil Syed , Djellouli Nassima 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to examine the impact of financial development on green and non-green energy consumption in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) over the period of 1990–2015.The data was collected from the Green Growth Knowledge Platform Database and the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank for 14 OPEC countries over the period of 1990–2015.We used two different proxies for financial development: (1) domestic financial development, measured by domestic credit in the private sector as a percentage of gross domestic product(GDP), and (2)foreign financial development, measured by the foreign direct investment (FDI) stock as a share of GDP. The main model developed three hypotheses; the first two were sub-hypotheses that characterized green energy through proxies: access to improved sanitation and access to electricity. The third hypothesis was anon-green (brown) energy proxy using CO2 emissions per capita. All three hypotheses used five control variables: by GDP per capita, urbanisation/total population ratio, oil rent/GDP ratio, investment/GDP per capita ratio and trade openness. In order to evaluate these hypotheses, we used the instrumental-variable (IV) approach with a fixed effect option to control for both endogeneity and heterogeneity, and we used the lags of the independent variables as instruments for financial development, as lagged variables are arguably exogenous. The impacts of financial development on environmental quality varied between foreign direct investments (foreign financial development) and the domestic credit ratio (domestic financial development). Our main results suggest that FDI degrades environmental quality in OPEC economies, and FDI represents a source of pollution by increasing CO2 emissions per capita (non-renewable) by about 0.0224% and decreasing non-renewable energy consumption variables. In other words, FDI’s non-renewable and renewable relationship supports the non-green growth hypothesis.JEL Classification B22. B26. D53. E21. F63. K32
Overexpression of CCNE1 confers a poorer prognostic in triple negative breast cancer identified by bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Yuan Qianqian , Zheng Lewei , Liao Yiqin , Wu Gaosong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a major subtype of breast cancer. Due to the lack of effective therapeutic targets, the prognosis is poor. In order to find an effective target, despite many efforts, the molecular mechanisms of TNBC are still not well understood which remain to be a profound clinical challenge.Methods. To identify the candidate genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of TNBC, microarray datasets GSE36693 and GSE65216 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) databases via DAVID. We constructed the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and the performed the module analysis using STRING and Cytoscape. Then we reanalyzed the selected DEGs genes and the survival analysis was performed using cBioportal.Results. A total of 140 DEGs were identified, consisting of 69 upregulated genes and 71 downregulated genes. Three hub genes were up-regulated among the selected genes from PPI and biological process analysis uncovered the fact that these genes were mainly enriched in p53 pathway and the pathways in cancer. Survival analysis showed that only CCNE1 may be involved in the carcinogenesis, invasion or recurrence of TNBC. Conclusion. CCNE1 could confer a poorer prognostic in TNBC identified by bioinformatic analysis and play key roles in the progression of TNBC which may contribute potential targets for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of TNBC.