bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traction forces generated during studded boot‐surface interactions on third‐generation artificial turf: A novel mechanistic perspective
Authors: Forrester Steph , Fleming Paul 
Published: December 2019

The traction forces generated during studded boot‐surface interactions affect player performance and injury risk. Over 20 years of empirical research into traction on third‐generation (3G) artificial turf has met with only limited success in supporting the development of safer surfaces and boots. Thus, the purpose of this perspective article is to present a conceptual framework for generating scientific understanding on 3G turf traction through a novel mechanistic approach. A three‐stage framework is proposed. Firstly, the hypothesized traction mechanisms and related analytical equations are identified, namely, friction between the boot outsole and surface; shear resistance of the performance infill layer to the outsole; and compressive resistance of the performance infill layer to horizontal stud displacement. Secondly, a Concept Map is generated to visually represent the contribution of the 39 variables identified as directly affecting the traction response. Finally, a Research Roadmap is constructed to guide the direction of future traction studies toward the development of safer surfaces and boots as well as improved mechanical tests to assess surface safety. The proposed framework represents the first attempt to deconstruct boot‐surface interactions and hypothesize the science behind the mobilization of traction forces.
Survival and reduction in foodborne bacteria using methyl cellulose film doped with europium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Abd Elkader Mahmoud Fawzy , Almogbel Mohammed Suliman , Elabbasy Mohamed Tharwat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe study validated the efficacy of methyl cellulose films doped with different concentration of Eu2O3 nanoparticles to inactivate foodborne pathogens. Eu2O3 nanoparticles were added to the methyl cellulose solution with different weight percentages (0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 wt%). X‐ray diffraction patterns for the prepared films were studied. A significant lower count of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus (p ≤ .05) inoculated in MC films doped with Eu2O3 nanoparticles compared with pure MC film could be achieved. The findings acquired verify the impact of prepared MC films doped with Eu2O3 nanoparticles on the test strains.
Influencing Factors on the Stability of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Jing F. , Sun R. , Wang S. , Li Y. , Yang C. , Ma W. , Sun H. , Sun G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work investigated the influencing factors on the stability of direct methanol fuel cells via testing a single‐cell, which was conducted at 60 °C under 100 mA cm−2 for 3,009 h. To completely uncover and interpret the performance degradation mechanism, electrochemical method (such as polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectra, anode polarization voltammetry, methanol crossover and cyclic voltammetry tests), electron microscopy technique (SEM, TEM and EDX) and XRD spectroscopy were coherently performed in this work. The degradation rate in the whole test process is relatively steady, in which the cell voltage decreases 29% and the maximum power density decreases 35%. However, there is obviously an irreversible degradation when the cell runs at about 1,600 h. According to our analysis, the irreversible degradation of the cell is mainly caused by the increase of resistance and decrease of catalytic activity. Further, the increase of the resistance might be due to the increase of the interface resistance between cathode and Nafion® membrane according to SEM results. In addition, the decrease of catalytic activity is mostly caused by Ru loss from anode side to cathode side and the agglomeration of catalyst particles in both electrodes.
Trading and information in futures markets
Authors: Llorente Guillermo , Wang Jiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the trading behavior of different types of traders (customer type indicators [CTI's]) in corn futures. Nonmembers (CTI4) consume most of the intraday liquidity while local traders (CTI1) as market makers are its main provider. Both groups combine most of the intraday trading volume. Interday trading comes mainly from proprietary accounts (CTI2) and other local traders' trades (CTI3), reflecting their longer‐term needs for hedging and speculation. Changes in the overnight positions of the general public (CTI4) and clearing members (CTI2) contribute mostly to daily price discovery, while the positions of CTI3 group reflect possible information advantage about future price movements.
Efficient trinomial trees for local‐volatility models in pricing double‐barrier options
Authors: Lok U Hou , Lyuu Yuh‐Dauh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA local‐volatility (LV) model captures the volatility smile while retaining the preference freedom of the Black–Scholes model. Past attempts to construct a smile‐consistent tree for the LV surface do not guarantee validity. This paper presents an efficient and valid smile‐consistent tree for the LV model. The only assumption is that the LV surface be upper‐ and lower‐bounded. With this tree, double‐barrier options can be priced with fast convergence even in the presence of volatility smile. This is confirmed numerically. An implied tree is also presented. It recovers the LV surface reasonably well.
A Phosphorus(III)‐Mediated (4+1)‐Cycloaddition of 1,2‐Dicarbonyls and Aza‐o‐Quinone Methides to Access 2,3‐Dihydroindoles
Authors: Eckert Kaitlyn E. , Lepore Antonio J. , Ashfeld Brandon L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA (4+1)‐cycloaddition is reported between 1,2‐dicarbonyls and aza‐o‐quinone methide precursors to access 2,3‐dihydroindoles bearing a tetra‐substituted carbon center. The utilization of dioxyphospholenes as carbene surrogates provided dihydroindoles in 20–90 % yield, wherein the electronic nature of the dioxyphospholene impacts its role in the reaction.
Dual practice and multiple job holding among Iranian general practitioners: Rate and effective factors
Authors: Bayati Mohsen , Rashidian Arash , Zandian Hamed , Alipoori Somayeh 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundPhysician's dual practice is a common phenomenon in both developing and developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the rate and factors affecting the dual practice of general practitioners (GPs) as the most important primary care providers in Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on the data of 666 Iranian GPs, derived from a national survey. In this work, a researcher‐made checklist was used to collect the required information. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the factors affecting concurrent employment in both public and private sectors and the factors affecting employment in more than one place (either public or private).ResultsAbout 23.51% of the GPs were only working in the public sector, and 57.84% only in the private sectors. Also, 18.65% were working in both the private and public sectors. Results also indicated that 26.17% of the GPs were working in two or more places (whether public or private). Male GPs (p < .1) as well as the GPs with higher earnings expectations (p < .01) were more likely to have dual practice. Besides, the GPs working in small towns and villages (compared with Tehran, as capital of Iran; p < .05) were less likely to have dual practice. Gender (male) and earnings expectations had a significant effect on working in more than one place (p < .01).ConclusionThe most important and significant factor affecting GPs' dual practice in Iran was their financial expectations. Thus, appropriate policies to modify physicians' income expectations and reforms such as improving tariffs setting should be adopted in the health systems.
Training and its influence on competitive strategy implementation
Authors: Osorio‐Londoño Andrés A. , Naranjo‐Valencia Julia C. , Calderón‐Hernández Gregorio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study evaluates the influence of training on competitive strategy implementation, a little‐explored relationship in the strategic human resource literature. Theoretically, this goal is grounded in the resource‐based view of the firm, which postulates that training is a strategic resource. Additionally, contingency theory is adopted herein, in order to understand the ways in which training varies, in accordance with firm strategy. Relationships between training in specific content and Miles and Snow's opposite strategies (prospector and defender) were proposed and subsequently tested in 205 large Colombian industrial companies, through structural equation modeling. Given that prospectors compete via new products and market development, and defenders through operational efficiency, it was found that research‐development, marketing, and sales training support prospector strategy implementation, and that operations management and finance training support defender strategy implementation. The results further indicate that, if training contents are not linked to the correct strategy, they do not support its implementation. In organizational terms, this suggests that training supports strategy implementation, as long as employees are trained in the appropriate content.
Teaching STPA and OPM to Engineering Students – Industry Academia Experiences
Authors: Chokkadi Shreesha , Jeppu Yogananda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSystem engineers are advocating model based approaches for developing systems. INCOSE is at the forefront of this initiative with many documents released in the public domain. Safety analysis is a major aspect in systems design. This is very fresh in mind today with the crash of the Ethiopian Airlines ET302 on March 10, 2019. Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a technique developed by Professor Nancy Leveson at the System Engineering Research Laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Another technique used to define the system requirements as a text and model is the Object Process Methodology developed by Professor Dov Dori of Information Systems Engineering at Technion, Israel Institute of Technology. OPM today is an ISO/PAS standard 19450. OPCAT tool is available online which can be used to model systems. A workshop on STPA and OPM were taken up as part of the industry academia interaction at Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal. Final year B.Tech. and first year M.Tech. students were taught these as hands on tutorials in a two‐day workshop. This paper covers in detail these two methods, the examples taken up at the institute and the response of the students and the lessons learnt. There was no quantitative survey carried out during the workshop but the feedback and the response from the students are very positive.
System Level Modelling of Batteries in Spacecraft Power System in Multiple Source and Multiple Load Configuration
Authors: Prasad Ratnala Chaitanya , Ananda S , Mahanta Jyostnarani , Pramod M , Srinivasan M S , Sankaran M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn present day spacecraft applications, power system uses solar arrays as the primary source of power generation and rechargeable Lithium ion batteries as secondary source of power. In normal orbits, during sunlit period, solar arrays support the power requirement from all the subsystems and payloads along with the charge power requirement of batteries. During eclipse period, entire load should be supported by batteries. In addition to the eclipse support, starting from launch pad to till deployment of solar panels, all loads will be on batteries. Contingency loads should also be taken care by batteries. So, battery sizing is very critical part in designing the power system of spacecraft. In multiple source and multiple load configuration where two or more batteries are connected to same Spacecraft power bus, current sharing between the batteries is expected, which needs to be considered for optimized sizing and designing of batteries. The scenario becomes complex with additional constraints namely some loads can come on one battery and not on others or vice versa. Even in a configuration where potential difference exists between batteries, current sharing will start as soon as this difference vanishes. A system level simulation model is developed, using network equations, to analyze in‐circuit performance of batteries in multiple source and multiple load power system. The simulation model uses actual current sharing and predicts State of Charge (SOC) of each battery from which Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) is derived. This OCV of batteries is used periodically for finding actual current sharing which runs in a loop for analyzing battery performance in multisource system. Currently a configuration in which two batteries are connected to two buses, which are paralleled and having different loads, is simulated. Optimized battery sizing, actual current sharing and SOC of each battery are derived. This model can also be extended to a system where more than two batteries are present. Two different approaches are used for simulation and results are compared. The developed generic model has features to use in multiple battery configuration.
Application of Object‐Process Methodology in Project Management‐ A Case Study of Mumbai Metro Line 3
Authors: More Harshal , Khanapuri Vivekanand 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProject management is of great significance nowadays because it deals with strategic alignment of organizations, leadership, clear focus and objectives, realistic project planning, quality control, risk management, orderly process, subject matter expertise, managing and learning from success and failure. Project management plays a crucial role in developing Complex Engineered Systems like airports, logistics networks, telecom networks, enterprise information system, IoT platforms and all types of infrastructure system from mass transit to water supplies. This paper uses mass transit system Mumbai Metro Line 3 as a case study to explain project management of Complex Engineered System. There are limited use and inadequacy of traditional project management tools and techniques (PMTT) which arises the need of modern and dynamic project management methodology to model the complex system. Object‐Process Methodology (OPM) is an ISO 19450:2015 standard for system modeling having simulation capability. This paper shows the application of Object‐Process Methodology in project management as modeling of the complex engineered system using Mumbai Metro case study.
Virtual Integration in Avionics Systems‐RTOS
Authors: Kouty Shreyus Yadaveerappa , Mishra Shobhit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper discuss about the challenges and thoughts in Virtual integration using Real Time Operating Systems for avionics system integration with respect to different architectures like Open System Architecture and Integrated Modular Avionics.This paper mainly discusses about role of RTOS like ARINC653 in solving the problems in Avionics System Engineering, in which software‐software integration and hardware‐software integration is achieved using features of RTOS and this approach is called Virtual Integration. I have proposed customization of existing RTOS using new concepts which enhances the capability of performance and extendibility in integration keeping core System Engineering Principles in mind.This paper discusses about the system integration challenges identified in use of existing RTOS which includes: 1. Cross Platform Development, 2. Selection of communication mechanisms and scheduling for mixed operating system environment, 3. Current RTOS are mainly Monolithic and Micro Kernel based to compete in speed of execution and process management. 4. Current RTOS are limited to target platforms like Power PC, Intel x86 etc. and not supporting soft processors like micro‐blaze, FPGA platforms etc.Proposal for future enhancements to include use of Kernel level scheduling algorithms and Nano Kernels in RTOS to host more Platform OS to have more number of independent process running with more accurate time scheduling with less switch overheads, support for cross platform development with different host development technologies, support for SOC, POC other than conventional processors like x86, Power PC, ARM and MIPS etc.This paper discusses about the Network Virtualization and its application in avionics integration to overcome the capability of hardware networking devices using RTOS. Applying Trusted Execution Technology (TXT) approach in Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) to ensure that the launching components at BIOS, OS Loader and Hypervisor are safe and trusted to avoid failure and malfunctions during run‐time.
The INCOSE‐PPI Systems Engineering Tools Database – What's Coming
Authors: King René 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Systems Engineering Tools Database (SETDB) project is a collaboration between INCOSE and Project Performance International (PPI) to reinstate and revive the popular on‐line catalogue of tools information that was lost in a migration activity several years ago. “Walking the talk”, the project team has of course taken a systems engineering (SE) approach comprising thorough, and separate, problem definition and solution description artefacts. Thus far, a rigorous system requirements analysis activity has produced a detailed set of SETDB use cases, a description of intended use (OCD/CONUSE) and a baselined specification of requirements – all developed in close collaboration with INCOSE and PPI stakeholders. The products of that activity are presented in detail in this paper.One of the points of emphasis during development is to distinguish between the SETDB enterprise system – which comprises all that is entailed in providing the database service to its users, including computing devices, the INCOSE website, the internet, operational processes and project infrastructure – from the SETDB Information System. The SETDB Information System (SETDBIS) is the main technical solution element of the project and will exist as a subsystem of the larger SETDB system. Making this distinction ensures that all of the elements necessary to meet the SETDB stakeholder needs are identified and included in the development.The next step of the project is to use the outputs from the requirements analysis process as directives to develop the SETDB solution to deliver its initial operational capability (IOC) within the allotted project timelines. An incremental development process for the information system has been decided upon, to enable iterative improvement based on feedback from testing and demonstration to users. Mapping and alignment of the INCOSE SE Handbook Processes and PPI SE process elements to tool functionality in order to define the tool categories is a critical and challenging task. The effort to map and harmonize (where possible) systems engineering methods supported by tool functionality will result in intuitive delivery of detailed tool information to SETDB users.
A System Dynamic Model to Assess Cost and Profitability in Reverse Logistics in Apparel Industry
Authors: Singh Shristi , Acharya Padmanav , Jain Karuna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReverse Logistics has become an inevitable process of any company's business model. It is concerned with such issues as used goods, defective and returned goods from customer end to the manufacturers. The returned goods can be reprocessed/recycled and can create value. However, the entire process of reverse flow of returned goods also incurs cost attributed to facility, inventory, transportation and others. These cost implications have hindered the popularity of Reverse Logistics among the original product manufacturers. Different industry verticals are having varying issues of challenging nature in reverse logistics.India is the second largest producer of textiles and garments in the world. It has an enormous raw material and manufacturing base. The domestic textile industry accounts for 14% of total industrial production. As of today, it is the second largest employment provider in the country. There are challenges related to Reverse Logistics in the apparel sector. There are many issues related to returned goods in apparels. It is quite a common phenomenon for businesses in the apparel industry to shy away from undertaking this function because of the huge costs that accompany the processes. This paper looks at return issues related to reverse logistics in the apparel industry in India. The authors are proposing a system dynamics model to assess the long‐term cost implications and profitability of Reverse Logistics in the apparel sector in India.
Modeling Operations of a Construction Worksite System
Authors: Jayawant Yatin , Joshi Nikhil , Tole Dipali 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA construction worksite is a complex system that consists of different types of machines working together interdependently. The overall performance or efficiency of an operation is dependent on many factors, such as the combination of machines used, fuel consumption rates, job allocation among machines and coordination rules, etc. Building detailed behavior models can help contractors or planners evaluate system performance and make optimal choices for configuring the operation. Using aggregate material movement between two piles as an example, this paper demonstrates the development of an Agent Based Model (ABM) to simulate the operations at a construction worksite. The model incorporates detailed behaviors of 4‐wheel drive loaders (4WDLs) & articulated dump trucks (ADTs) used in the operation, along with their interactions. The simulation can be used to calculate the time taken for the operation and corresponding costs. Consequently, the model can further be used to determine the optimal number and combination of machines to be used, so as to minimize the cost or time taken for the operation. Our example shows the potential for such models to be used by contractors to calculate accurate time and effort estimates for a job, and thereby produce competitive bids and efficient plans. Finally, we also discuss how such models can serve towards building and evaluating algorithms for autonomous machines that can work collaboratively in complex and dangerous environments, such as construction worksites.