bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model of Disparities: Clinical, Environmental, and Sociodemographic Risk Factors Associated with Likelihood of COVID-19 Contraction
Authors: Rozenfeld Yelena , Beam Jennifer , Maier Haley , Haggerson Whitney , Boudreau Karen , Carlson Jamie , Medows Rhonda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
By mid-May 2020, there were over 1.5 million cases of (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 across the U.S. with new confirmed cases continuing to rise following the re-opening of most states. Prior studies have focused mainly on clinical risk factors associated with serious illness and mortality of COVID-19. Emerging risk factors in the U.S., including clinical, sociodemographic, and environmental variables associated with contraction of COVID-19 have not been widely studied to assess disparities across populations.
Methods
A multivariable statistical model was used to identify predictors associated with COVID-19 contraction in the study population of 34,503 patients, comparing laboratory confirmed positive and negative COVID-19 cases in the Providence Health System (U.S.) between February 28 and April 27, 2020. Publicly available data were utilized as approximations for social determinants of health, and patient-level clinical and sociodemographic factors were extracted from the electronic medical record.
Results
Higher risk of contraction was associated with older age (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.41–2.02, p < 0.0001), male gender (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.21–1.44, p < 0.0001), Asian race (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.18–1.72, p = 0.0002), Black/African American race (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.25–1.83, p < 0.0001), Latino ethnicity (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.77–2.41, p < 0.0001), non-English language (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.7–2.57, p < 0.0001), high school education or less (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01–1.14, p = 0.04), residing in a neighborhood with financial insecurity (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.01–1.25, p = 0.04), low air quality (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.0-1.04, p = 0.05), housing insecurity (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.16–1.5, p < 0.0001) or transportation insecurity (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02–1.23, p = 0.03), and living in senior living communities (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.23–2.32, p = 0.001).
Conclusions
Risks associated with COVID-19 contraction reflect disparities across age, race, ethnicity, language, socioeconomic status, and living conditions. Health promotion and disease prevention strategies should prioritize groups most vulnerable to contraction and address structural inequities that contribute to risk through social and economic policy.
Preoperative platelet count predicts posttransplant morbidity in orthotopic liver transplantation: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Li Qingshan , Wang Yue , Ma Tao , Ren Fenggang , Mu Fan , Wu Rongqian , Lv Yi , Wang Bo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The role of platelets on the prognosis of patients with liver transplantation remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the influence of preoperative platelet count on postoperative morbidity after liver transplantation.
Methods
Clinical data of the patients who received liver transplantation from January 2015 to September 2018 were evaluated.
Results
Of the 329 patients included, the average age was 46.71 ± 0.55 years, and 243 were men (75.2%). The incidence of posttransplant portal vein complication was significantly higher in the high platelet count group (> 49.5 × 109/L; n = 167) than in the low platelet count group (≤ 49.5 × 109/L, n = 162, 12.6% vs. 1.9%). After multivariable regression analysis, high platelet count was independently associated with postoperative portal vein complication (odds ratio [OR]: 8.821, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.260 to 34.437). After the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, patients in the high platelet count group had significantly higher risk of portal vein complication (OR: 9.210, 95%CI: 1.907 to 44.498, p = 0.006) and early allograft dysfunction (OR: 2.087, 95%CI: 1.131 to 3.853, p = 0.019).
Conclusions
Preoperative platelet count > 49.5 × 109/L was an independent risk factor for posttransplant portal vein complication and early allograft dysfunction. High preoperative platelet count could be an adverse prognostic predictor for liver transplantation recipients.
Acute pancreatitis following treatment with protease inhibitors, which may be potential therapeutics for COVID-19: A real-world analysis of postmarketing surveillance data
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhao Bin , Shang Yongguang , Qin Wangjun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: The potential therapeutic effects of protease inhibitors (PIs), such as lopinavir/ritonavir and darunavir, on COVID-19 are being tested in clinical trials. Although acute pancreatitis (AP) has been reported in patients treated with PIs, there have been few real-world studies comparing the occurrence and characteristics of AP after different PI regimens. Methods: Disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis were utilized for data mining of the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for suspected adverse events involving AP after PI from January 2004 to December 2019. The times to onset and fatality rates of AP following different PI regimens were also compared. Results: Based on 33,832 reports related to PIs, 285 cases (0.84% of total adverse drug reactions, ADRs) were associated with AP; in these reports, the number of AP cases reported for the top five PIs was as follows: ritonavir/dasabuvir/ombitasvir/paritaprevir, 64 (22.46%); ritonavir, 54 (18.95%); atazanavir, 52 (18.25%); lopinavir/ritonavir, 48 (16.84%); and darunavir, 26 (9.12%). Twelve out of the 15 studied PIs, including lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir and nelfinavir, which are potential therapeutics for COVID-19, were associated with AP. Of all the reported adverse events involving AP related to PIs, 64.56% occurred in men, which was a much higher proportion than what was observed in women (28.42%). The median time to onset of AP was 103 (IQR: 26-408) days after the initiation of PI treatment. Patients treated with ritonavir/dasabuvir/ombitasvir/paritaprevir appeared to have an earlier onset of AP than those receiving atazanavir (31 [IQR: 17–68.25] days vs 187.5 [IQR: 80.5–556.5] days, p=0.0379) or ritonavir (31 [IQR: 17–68.25] days vs 177 [IQR: 56–539] days, p=0.0371). Compared with AP cases induced by all studied PIs, which had a fatality rate of 14.02%, AP cases associated with ritonavir (18.87%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (22.73%) appeared to be associated with a higher risk of death. Conclusions: Analysis of the FAERS data provides a more precise understanding of the occurrence and characteristics of AP after different PI regimens. Signals for AP associated with various PI regimens have been detected. The findings support continued surveillance, risk factor identification, and comparative studies.
Public Health Implication of Drinking Water Sources Contaminated with Giardia and Cryptosporidium in South Ethiopia
Authors: Damitie Mengistu , Santiago Dante , Leyns Luc , Mereta Seid Tiku , Mekonnen Zeleke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The concept of health is largely tied up with the quality of the ambient environment of human. There is a need to minimize the risks of environment to public health and comply with microbial contamination legislation stipulated by respective regulatory bodies. Though water borne protozoa are leading causes of diseases in socio-economically disadvantaged areas, less information is available about drinking water quality and its implication to the public. The present study aimed at characterizing the risks of Giardia and Cryptosporidium from water sources in southern Ethiopia.Methods: Twenty-one drinking water samples (10L per source) were collected from five different types of water sources. Sample analysis was performed using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with fluorescein isothiocyanate–monoclonal antibodies and nested PCR with tpi, SSU-rRNA and gp60 loci of the parasites. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rho correlation and independent-samples nonparametric test.The risk was characterized using quantitative microbial risk assessment. Results: The IFA and genotyping assays overall showed that Giardia was detected in 81% (17/21) of the samples with a mean concentration of 64.6 cysts.10 L-1 and Cryptosporidium in 71% (15/21) with a mean concentration of 62.8 oocysts.10 L-1. Out of the 17 Giardia positive water sources, Giardia duodenalis (assemblage B) was detected in 29.4%, assemblage A in 17.6% and assemblages A+B in 52.9% of the sources. Likewise, Cryptosporidium genotype was detected in 57.1% (12/21) of the sources; C. parvum in 38.1% (8/21) and C. hominis in 14.3% (3/21) of the sources. The average probability of illness from the water sources was 0.06 for Giardia and 0.22 for Cryptosporidium.Conclusions: The present finding highlights the significance of water for transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in southern Ethiopia. Genotypes detected in the water sources indicate that multiple sources likely contaminated the drinking water sources. The health risks that are inferred from the water sources to the public are significantly higher than most other reported findings. This study recommends the need of regular follow-up, improvement in water treatment facilities and setting appropriate legislation in areas where cycles of parasitic infection is linked to water sources.
In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Action and GC-FID Analysis of Allanblackia Floribunda Extracts
Authors: Irabor Francis , Ebohon Osamudiamen , Erhunse Nekpen , Okugbo Osariemen Tinu , Omoregie Ehimwenma Sheena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria is a disease that is caused by Plasmodium parasite that has resulted in death of so many persons in the world especially children below 5 years. Plasmodium falciparum is one of the most widespread etiological agent for human malaria and has become increasingly resistant to standard antimalarial drugs. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the in vitro antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity of Allanbackia floribunda stem bark, leaf and oil. Methods: Trager and Jensen method was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum and maintained in fresh O + human erythrocytes at 3% hematocrit in complete medium (Roswell Park Memorial Institute-RPMI 1640). Mark III test developed by WHO was used to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant’s crude extract and fractions against the ring stage of P. falciparum strains Pf3D7. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero cell line using microculture tetrazolium (MTT). GC-FID was employed to identify bioactive constituents in the most active fraction. Results: The plant extracts showed varied degrees of inhibition of parasitaemia with IC 50Pf3D7 values ranging between 4.0 to 1000 μg/ mL. The methanol stem bark extract of A. floribunda exhibited very active antiplasmodial activity (IC 50Pf3D7 = 4.3 ± 0.17μg / mL), the leaf extract showed active antiplasmodial activity (IC 50Pf3D7 = 8.0 ± 0.28 μg / mL) while the oil extract was inactive against the parasite (IC 50 > 100 μg / mL). Both the leaf and stem bark extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic in contrast to the standard cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The selectivity indices (S.I.) of the extracts against the parasites were 13.32 and 8.18 for the stem bark and leaf, respectively. Among the stem bark fractions, dichloromethane (DCM) had the best inhibition against the P. falciparum parasite (DCM IC 50Pf3D7 of 1.51 μg/ mL) and was closely followed by the hydromethanol (HMet) fraction (HMet IC 50Pf3D7 of 5.0 μg/ mL) while that of ethylacetate (EAct) and hexane (Hxn) fractions were almost similar (IC 50 Pf3D7 of 6 and 6.25 μg/ mL, respectively).GC-FID analysis of the most active fraction, DCM, showed high presence antiplasmodial flavonoids (naringenin, luteolin, kaemferor and myricetin) and terpenes (α-pinene and β-caryophyllene) which may have been responsible for the excellent antiplasmodial action of the most active fraction. Conclusion: This investigation confirmed that A. floribunda stem bark has potent activity against P. falciparum and it is relatively safe to normal cell. The antiplasmodial action is credited to the presence of bioactive flavonoids and terpenes that may have acted singly or synergistically.
Characterization of accessory genes in coronavirus genomes
Authors: Michel Christian Jean , Mayer Claudine , Poch Olivier , Thompson Julie Dawn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The Covid19 infection is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a novel member of the coronavirus (CoV) family. CoV genomes code for a ORF1a / ORF1ab polyprotein and four structural proteins widely studied as major drug targets. The genomes also contain a variable number of open reading frames (ORFs) coding for accessory proteins that are not essential for virus replication, but appear to have a role in pathogenesis. The accessory proteins have been less well characterized and are difficult to predict by classical bioinformatics methods.Methods: We propose a computational tool GOFIX to characterize potential ORFs in virus genomes. In particular, ORF coding potential is estimated by searching for enrichment in motifs of the X circular code, that is known to be over-represented in the reading frames of viral genes.Results: We applied GOFIX to study the SARS-CoV-2 and related genomes including SARS-CoV and SARS-like viruses from bat, civet and pangolin hosts, focusing on the accessory proteins. Our analysis provides evidence supporting the presence of overlapping ORFs 7b, 9b and 9c in all the genomes and thus helps to resolve some differences in current genome annotations. In contrast, we predict that ORF3b is not functional in all genomes. Novel putative ORFs were also predicted, including a truncated form of the ORF10 previously identified in SARS-CoV-2 and a little known ORF overlapping the Spike protein in Civet-CoV and SARS-CoV.Conclusions: Our findings contribute to characterizing sequence properties of accessory genes of SARS coronaviruses, and especially the newly acquired genes making use of overlapping reading frames.
Spatiotemporal and Source Analysis of Ultrafine Particulates (PM1) Over Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Authors: S manjunatha A , Ganesh K E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Measurements and analysis of Particulate Matter of aerodynamic diameter 1µm (PM1) has been carried out using indigenously built air sampler APM 577from IIT-Kfor the study period July 2018- July 2019at the following locations of Bengaluru city: Basavanagudi (BAS), Domlur (DOM), Hosur road (HOS) and DC Halli (DCH).The mass concentration of collected PM1 sampleshas been observed to vary from 20.16 µg/m3 to 68.64 µg/m3during the studyperiod. The highest mass concentration of 68.64 µg/m3 was observed for the location BAS and the lowest mass concentration of20.16 µg/m3 was observed for the location DOM. The average mass concentration ofPM1 around Bengaluru for winter, summer, monsoon & post monsoon season is observed to be 47.60 µg/m3,40.24 µg/m3,30.85 µg/m3 and 38.76 µg/m3respectively. The average 24hrmass concentrations of PM1in winter season is found to be higher than National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS)limit of 60µg/m3 for PM2.5. The SEM-EDAX techniques were used to understand morphology and elemental composition of PM1. SEM Imaging technique confirms the fact that in ambient air atmosphere near the study locations the source of PM1is mainly from anthropogenic activities(primary) and natural (secondary) formation. Also,some of the collected samples showed the presence of microorganisms and biological particles such as bacillus. Elemental composition analysis made by EDAX technique showed the presence of non -metals such as Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Aluminium, Sulphur and potassium.
Perceptions of adolescents concerning pathological video games use: a qualitative study
Authors: Cisamolo Isabelle , Michel Marie , Rabouille Marie , Dupouy Julie , Escourrou Emile 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Video gaming is one of the main recreational activities of children and adolescents. The American Psychiatric Association and the World Health Organization recently proposed diagnostic criteria for a pathological use of video games. The objective is to explore the perceptions of adolescents concerning pathological video game use.
Methods
Qualitative study by semi structured individual interviews in the homes of adolescent gamers and non-gamers living in southwest France. The sampling was theoretical. The analysis was carried out using an inductive approach following the phases of thematic analysis. The researchers used triangulation. Collection was concluded when theoretical saturation had been reached.
Results
17 adolescents aged 10–18 were interviewed between April 2018 and March 2019. The adolescents recognised that video games use can be pathological. Deleterious consequences to physical, mental, and social wellbeing associated with gaming were discussed. Mental health, family and social environments, and the type of game seemed to influence the transition from recreational to pathological video-game use. The adolescents agreed on the need to regulate their gaming, particularly through parental control and self-control.
Conclusions
Risks and protective factors related to the types of video game, the adolescent, and the environment were identified. Parental support would help lower the risk of pathological gaming.
Women's experience of psychological birth trauma in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Ke , Dai Ling , Wu Meiliyang , Zeng Tieying , Yuan Mengmei , Chen Ye 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The psychological birth trauma is a universal phenomenon in childbearing women. The influences could extend in a wide range, which includes the mothers' health, mother-infant relationship, partner relationship. The medical staff could even choose to quit playing their part in the birthing process. The phenomenon has gradually garnered attention around the world. However, it has rarely been discussed under Chinese special conditions. The study was to explore Chinese women's lived experiences of psychological birth trauma during labor and birth. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted in this study. Twenty-four women were recruited, who reported having experienced psychological birth trauma. In-depth interviews were conducted within one week after birth. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty-four women participated in the study. Four themes emerged to describe the women's experience of psychological birth trauma: "How am I supposed to relieve the endless pain?" " Can't I be weak?" "Am I not important?" " What uncertainties are waiting for me?" Conclusions: The findings provide deep insight into Chinese women's unique experience of psychological birth trauma. The social and health system could prevent psychological harm during birth and promote maternal health by measures of pain management, thoughtful attention, adequate caring, and prenatal preparation.
Calculation and Validation of a New Synthetic and Autocorrelate Index to Measure the Health Status of a Population
Authors: Tebala Domenico , Tebala Giovanni Domenico 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The status of health of an individual and - more broadly - of a community or population is defined by the status of their determinants of health. A “systemic” approach to define the health determinants is necessary in order to explore the complex relations existing among them. This study is aimed at identifying a ‘composite systemic’ index of health to measure the impact of socioeconomic factors on public health at local level and to analyze possible spatial autocorrelations between neighboring regions.
Methods

A Composite Index of Health (CIH) was constructed on the basis of known indicators of socio-economic well being by using the COMIC (COMposite Indices Creator) Software and was validated on the Italian population and a nationwide comparison has been performed.
Results

Analysis of the determinants showed a significant direct correlation between health, environment, work and wealth and inverse correlation between health and social distress. The analysis of data from Italian provinces confirmed the South-North gradient of well-being.
Conclusions

The CIH is a reliable and robust index to evaluate the health of a local population. Although it was validated on Italian data, the index can be easily adapted to any Country.
Insomnia is Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Huang Xiao , Wei Changwei , Wang Jing , Lin Dandan , Zhang Juxia , Hao Yanan , Wu Dan , Wu Anshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the difference of demographic, health status and clinical characteristics of patients with or without insomnia postoperatively, and to identify the potential risk factors of insomnia.Methods299 patients undergoing surgery were included. Patients were divided into group A (insomnia, N = 78) and group B (without insomnia, N = 221). Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were applied to all patients preoperatively. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was assessed preoperatively, and at the end of the surgery, one day after surgery, two days after surgery and three days after surgery. The PHQ-9, the GAD-7 and the ISI were reassessed three days after surgery. Information on sociodemographic variables and demographic data were collected.ResultsAmong the two groups, the average points patients got in the ISI, PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 in group A were also significantly higher than those in group B. The VAS score 3 days after surgery was significantly higher in group A. The PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 3 days after surgery showed significantly higher depression and anxiety scores in group A. Logistic regression showed ISI (P < 0.001, 95%CI = 1.218-1.500), the GAD-7 (P = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.712–0.954) preoperatively and the PHQ-9 postoperatively (P < 0.001, 95%CI = 1.226–1.555) were risk factors of insomnia.ConclusionsInsomnia is common in patients, which worsen after surgery. The present study suggests that depression and anxiety are risk factors of poor sleep quality after surgery. There is a need for further research and strategies for depression and anxiety management to achieve better sleep and significant health benefits in these patients.Trial registration: clinical trial, NCT04027751. Registered 22 July 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04027751?cond=NCT04027751&cntry=CN&draw=2&rank=1.