bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT study of third and fourth ventricle size in South Indian subjects
Authors: Kumar S Arun , Kumari S Meena ,   Ravichandran D,   Rajeswari M
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and aim: Assessment of normal dimension of cerebral ventricles is important for early detection of changes due to intrinsic and extrinsic pathology producing ventriculomegaly. Hence normal upper and lower limits of the cerebral ventricular system in various age groups and in both sexes are important for diagnosing it. Our aim is to establish a baseline reference value for the third and fourth ventricular width using Computed Tomogram [CT] for normal South Indian population. Materials and methods: 100 subjects aged between 5 to 90 years, comprising of 54 males and 46 females, with normal CT brain were analyzed. Subjects with intracranial and intraventricular pathology were excluded. Axial CT brain was obtained in Siemens Somatom scope multislice slice CT scanner. The widest diameter of the third and fourth ventricles on axial images using linear approach was measured. Student’s t test and one way analysis of variance was used. Results: Mean third ventricle size in male: 5.11 +/- 2.37 mm and in female: 4.35 +/- 2.08 mm. Mean fourth ventricle size in male: 13.40 +/- 1.66 mm and in female: 12.84 +/- 1.85 mm. Conclusion: The highest of the dimension in the third ventricle occurs in the highest age group of ≥60 years in both males and females. There was a steady rise in the third ventricle size across age groups until the seventh decade.
Tensor fasciae suralis : an accessory muscle in the posterior aspect of the lower extremity
Authors: Oommen Aswathy Maria , Girijakumari K , Ramnarayan Shobha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVariant muscles are a rarity and this is a case report of an accessory muscle which was seen in the back of thigh and popliteal fossa, on the left side, of a middle-aged male cadaver. This muscle measured 12.5cm in length and was attached to the hamstrings proximally, by two tendinous slips. The distal end merged with the deep fascia of the back of leg. The muscle was innervated by the tibial nerve. Referring to similar cases reported earlier, it is concluded that this is a rare, accessory muscle named tensor fasciae suralis.
A Cytogenetic Study of Chromosomal Abnormalities in first trimester abortions in different maternal age groups
Authors: Kazi Shahin , Keche Harsha A. ,   Kotwaliwale
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background : Approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies end in spontaneous abortions. Chromosomal disorders are responsible for 50% of the spontaneous abortions. Most commonly it occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy. Aim : To study the cytogenetic analysis of chorion villous tissue in 50 cases of abortion in age groups of 19-40 years. Material and Methods : Cytogenetic analysis was performed by implementing standard protocol of planting, harvesting, banding and screening. The karyotypes were prepared and observed under microscope. Statistical analysis was done by calculating the percentage of abnormal abortions in relation to maternal age. Results : It was observed that maximum abortion took place between 25-34 years of maternal age. The rate of abortion with trisomy was maximum followed by polyploidy and monosomy. It was seen that rate of abortion with monosomy decreases with increase in maternal age. Contrary to this trisomy increased with increase in maternal age. Conclusion : Cytogenetic study revealed that the rate of trisomie abortions increased with the increase in maternal age.
Peer-assisted learning [PAL] as a teaching-learning tool in radioanatomy for first MBBS students
Authors: Kulkarni Saurabh Prakash , Kulkarni Pratima R. , Damke Sachin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background : Cognitive development, motivation and confidence building among tomorrows practitioners forms basis of today's medical education. Learning through social interaction, discussing, clarifying doubts from peers can facilitate process of understanding and implementing knowledge and skills. Objectives: To introduce Peer-assisted learning [PAL] in radioanatomy and to assess efficacy and utility of Peer-assisted learning [PAL] in radio anatomy. To gather perception of students regarding PAL. Methods: Sensitization regarding PAL to students was given. Pre test Objective structured practical examination [OSPE] followed by PAL sessions where five peer tutors conducted session for rest of the batch describing all five selected radiographs. Post test OSPE was conducted for knowledge gain. Separate questionnaire evaluated peer tutors and peer students responses. Focused group discussion were conducted to collect feedback from students regarding PAL. Results: 72.5% of peer students agreed on appropriate time management by peer tutors, 68% agreed the explanation and elaboration was appropriate, 66% agreed that important facts were emphasized and 86% agreed the session was interesting. Post test results showed maximum knowledge gain was seen in identification of radiographs. Peer tutors felt their confidence level, time management understanding improved. Conclusion: Peer assisted learning session aroused interest in study and was more informative for students. Peer tutors acquired confidence and could explore their teaching skill.
The study of relation between the gestational age of human fetuses and the diaphyseal length of humerus using ultrasonography
Authors: Rao B R Chaithra , Sreepadma Sunkeswari ,   Kaighatgi R N
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ultrasonography is the most effective way to date pregnancy and to estimate the fetal weight in obstetric clinics. Currently, the diaphyseal length of humerus is used as a new parameter to estimate gestational age. The study evaluates the diaphyseal length of humerus as a parameter to estimate the gestational age of the fetus at the time of examination and to assess the growth pattern of humerus with advancing gestational age. Methods: The study was done on 152 antenatal women aged between 20 to 30 years of gestational ages from 15 to 40 weeks from the district of Dharwad, Karnataka, Subjects with maternal disease known to affect normal fetal growth wete excluded. The diaphyseal length of humerus was measured by radiologist in a standardized manner. The study describes the relationship of the diaphyseal length of humerus in centimeters, with the advancing gestational age in weeks. Results: It was observed that the diaphyseal length of humerus gradually increased from 15 weeks to 40 weeks of gestation and that the relationship is linear and direct. Normograms of diaphyseal lengths of humerus can be constructed by the formula derived by this study for this particular geographical area. Conclusion: The relationship between the diaphyseal length of humerus and the gestational age is linear and direct. The measurement of the diaphyseal lengths of humerus [in cm] can be an important additional parametet for estimating gestational age along with other parameters.
Sex differences and other correlations of Human Corpus Callosum: A review
Authors: Sharma D. K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a wide spectrum in the field of sex differences and other correlation in human corpus callosum. More recent literatures have raised doubts as to whether the anatomic size of the corpus is actually different. The aim of this review article is to bring out the actual facts about gender distinction and various associations in human corpus callosum. Related literatures in the subject were reviewed through electronic database like PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, Web of science and conclusion was derived comparing the similarities, dissimilarity and relationship of corpus callosum. A simple ratio of corpus callosum to whole brain size is not an appropriate way to analyse data and can create a false impression of dimorphism in the corpus callosum. Overall no sex difference could be found in the size of the corpus callosum, whether ornot explanation was taken oflarger male brain size. RecentMRI studies showed no difference in thickness of the corpus callosum when accounting for the size of the subject. The corpus callosum has been reported to be larger in musicians, left-handed persons whereas smaller in children with dyslexia. Hypogenesis, dysgenesis and agenesis of corpus callosum are rare congenital anomalies presented with feeding problems and delays in holding the head erect during sitting, standing & walking; and impairments in mental & physical development, hand-eye coordination and visual & auditory memory.
OEIS complex – a rare developmental anomaly
Authors: Lakshmi Gaddam Vijaya , Abraham Jacob , Mathew Deena Sara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOEIS complex is a rare congenital anomaly comprising of the following four components: Omphalocoele, Exstrophy of cloaca, Imperforate anus and Spinal defects. It fonns the extreme end of exstrophy-epispadias complex [BEC] of congenital defects. It is associated with anomalies of gastro-intestioaI, urinary and genital systems. External genitalia are bifid, if present. Etiology is not clear. It can be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound on visualization of 'diaper type' of distribution of anomalies, along with malformations of the limbs. The condition causes severe psychosocial trauma to the parents and family members. In live births, surgical interventions in several stages, are perfonned by skilled expertise only at selected tertiary health care centers. Outcome is highly variable. Prenatal identification of the condition is necessary to give adequate counselling, and have proper planning of the delivery and postnatal management of the baby.
Study of vascular segments of the kidney by vascular injection method
Authors: Lucas A Martin , Fernandes Sanjay Joseph , Quadras Pranup Roshan , Benedicta R Roshni 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background & aims : Kidneys are the main excretory organs in our body. About one-fifth of the total cardiac output is supplied to the kidneys via renal arteries. This study focusses on renal artery branching pattern which is very useful for various surgical procedures. This study is done by taking a cast of vascular segments of kidney by injecting a silicone rubber into the renal arteries using RTV 116 silicone rubber. Materials and metbods : Kidney specimens from well embalmed cadavers were taken and a flowable silicone rubber is injected into the renal arteries via a cannula. Then the arteries were ligated and kept aside to solidify. Next step was to bring about degradation of the kidney tissue to leave behind the silicone rubber residue of the branching pattern by immersing the organ in KOH solution. Result: Branching pattern was observed and documented in all 20 specimens. Conclusion: Knowledge of the branching pattern of renal artery is instrumental in surgeries for it to be a success and more so in renal transplants. Thus, this study would help to provide a better picture of vascularization of the kidney along with its segmental pattern.
Coronary artery anomalies in North Indian population: a conventional coronary angiographic study
Authors: Diwan Yogesh , Diwan Deepa , Chauhan Randhir S. , Negi Prakash C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Anomalies of origin and course of one or both coronary arteries, with or without symptoms, are of special interest for anatomists, interventional cardiologists, and cardiac surgeons. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of coronary anomalies and their clinical aspects in North Indian population. Material and Methods: Study was done on patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease or for coronary intervention at a tertiary care centre in North India. Results: A total of 1130 patients [803 males, 327 females and mean age 57.37°10.60 years] were reviewed for coronary artery anomalies. Overall incidence of Coronary artery anomalies was 13 [1.15%] and was 1% in men and 1.53% in women. 38.46% of these patients were found to have ectopic origin of left circumflex [LCx] and in 23.08% of cases, ectopic origin of right coronary artery [RCA] was noted. Separate orifice for left anterior descending [LAD] and LCx in left coronary sinus [LCS] was observed in 0.27% cases, coronary artery fistula [CAF] in 0.09% cases and single coronary artery from LCS was found in 0.09% cases. Conclusions: The most common coronary anomalies were origin of LCx from RCA and presence of separate orifice for LAD and LCx in LCS. Dominance, gender and coronary artery disease [CAD] have no association with coronary anomalies.
High-Tech Diagnostic Methods and Enteroscopic Treatment of Children with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Authors: Kirakosyan Evgeniya , Lokhmatov Maxim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroduction Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary hamartomatous polyposis with predominant localization in the jejunum and ileum and high risk of bowel perforation after traditional polypectomy. The modern enteroscopy is the only possible technique for visualizing and performing intraluminal endoscopic microsurgical manipulations in the deep sections of the small intestine. The study aims to develop an optimal method for the diagnosis and treatment of polyps in children with PJS.Materials and Methods During 2015 to 2018 we conducted 30 comprehensive examinations of children with PJS in The Department of Endoscopic Research of the National Medical Research Center for Children's Health. We performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy with removal of polyps more than 7 mm, then video capsule endoscopy and, guided by this, therapeutic single-balloon enteroscopy. Our technique for removal of polyps is general in all parts: (1) creating a “resistant pillow”; (2) electroexcision of polyp; (3) clipping the removal site.Results Successfully performed electroexcision of polyps, which were located in the deep parts of the small intestine at a distance of 30 segments (one segment is 10 cm), reached a diameter of 2.5 cm, had a long pedicle. The postoperative period was uneventful.Conclusion We have developed an optimal method of diagnostic and therapeutic measures, the observance of which allows us to avoid delayed perforations of the small intestine in the area of polypectomy in the postoperative period in children with PJS. Thanks to this technique, modern enteroscopy is becoming the only possible alternative to bowel resection in children with PJS.
Drill and Fill Technique for the Treatment of Scaphoid Delayed Unions and Nonunions
Authors: Lee Dennis S. , Lee David T. , Uppuganti Sasidhar , Perrien Daniel S. , Pappas Nicholas D. , Reasoner Kaitlyn , Lee Donald H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background This article reviews the results of a surgical technique using three iterations of drilling, autologous cancellous bone grafting (filling), and use of an intraosseous compression screw for the treatment of nondisplaced or minimally displaced scaphoid delayed unions or nonunions.
Methods Part 1—Cadaveric study: Three cadaveric scaphoids underwent stained cancellous bone graft packing and headless cannulated compression screw placement using a single iteration of drilling and graft packing. Three additional scaphoids were allocated to the triple “drill and fill” group, and underwent three iterations of drilling and graft packing before screw insertion. Graft particle distribution on mid-sagittal sections was assessed under fluorescence microscopy. Comparison of normalized areas between the single and triple “drill and fill” groups was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.Part 2—Clinical study: Twelve patients with minimally displaced scaphoid delayed unions and nonunions treated between April 2007 and December 2013 with the triple “drill and fill” technique were included. The average follow-up was 60.4 weeks. Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists independently reviewed images for fracture healing.
Results By the histomorphometric analysis, there was improved autograft distribution along the screw tract, particularly within the proximal pole, with three iterations of drilling and filling. Clinically, 11 of 12 delayed unions and nonunions had healed.
Conclusion Our results support the use of the “drill and fill” technique as an option for the treatment of select nondisplaced or minimally displaced scaphoid nonunions and delayed unions at the waist without avascular necrosis of the proximal pole.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
Mechanisms of noncanonical binding dynamics in multivalent protein–protein interactions
Authors: Errington Wesley J. , Bruncsics Bence , Sarkar Casim A. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Multivalency can enhance molecular affinity and specificity by modulating binding kinetics through proximity-induced effective concentrations. The effective concentrations between multivalent protein ligands and receptors depend on their structures, but a mechanistic framework linking biophysical and biochemical properties has not been well established. Here, we present a mathematical model that, without parameter fitting, can predict observed multivalent binding kinetics by considering the full network of microstate binding configurations, with the dynamics of each microstate dictated by monomer kinetics and protein structure. The model provides molecular-level understanding of macroscopic, noncanonical binding kinetics; identifies rate-determining parameters and microstates; and elucidates mechanisms and design principles that relate the networked ensemble to the strength and duration of interaction, facilitating rational engineering of multivalent binding dynamics.
The physiological and perceptual responses of stand‐up paddle board exercise in a laboratory‐ and field‐setting
Authors: Willmott Ashley G. B. , Sayers Benjamin , Brickley Gary 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study quantified the physiological and perceptual responses of stand‐up paddle boarding (SUP) during a range of stroke rates in a laboratory‐ and field‐setting. Ten participants (eight male, two female; mean ± standard deviation [SD] age: 23 ± 3 years; body mass: 70.5 ± 9.1 kg; height: 170 ± 9 cm; body mass index [BMI]: 24.3 ± 1.5 kg m2) completed a SUP ⩒O2peak trial, and two SUP trials in both a laboratory‐ and field‐setting (5‐min at 10, 20 and 30 strokes min−1 per stage). Energy expenditure (EE), metabolic equivalents (METs), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded throughout. In the laboratory‐setting, mean ± SD EE and METs increased (P < .001) linearly when SUP at 10 (3.3 ± 1.0 kcal min−1, 2.7 ± 0.5), 20 (5.5 ± 0.9 kcal min−1, 4.4 ± 0.7) and 30 strokes min−1 (7.6 ± 1.6 kcal min−1, 6.1 ± 1.2), respectively. During these efforts, mean ± SD percentage of maximal HR were 56 ± 5%, 69 ± 6% and 84 ± 8%, respectively. In the field‐setting, mean ± SD EE and METs also increased (P < .001) linearly when SUP at 10 (3.6 ± 0.9 kcal min−1, 2.7 ± 0.9), 20 (4.3 ± 1.8 kcal min−1, 3.5 ± 1.0) and 30 strokes min−1 (6.3 ± 2.1 kcal min−1, 4.6 ± 1.4). During the three conditions, mean ± SD percentage of maximal HR were 58 ± 8%, 65 ± 7% and 73 ± 9%. SUP at ≥20 strokes min−1 in the laboratory‐ and field‐setting meet the criteria for moderate‐intensity exercise (3.0–5.9 METs). These findings may now be included in the latest Compendium of Physical Activities guidelines and offer the potential to improve cardiorespiratory fitness if SUP is undertaken regularly by young, healthy adults.
Community-Based Environmental Management Through The Payments for Environmental Services Program in Cidanau Watershed, Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sunaedi N. , Hadi S. P. , Bambang A. N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are seen as an effort to preserve and used environmentally sustainable manner. The program is believed to bridge two different interests, such as the people who inhabit in the upstream watershed who are generally poor farmers with land holding less than one hectare with urban communities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of PES in Cidanau watershed. The field data were processed using descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that PES in Cidanau watershed started in 2003 and has entered phase two (the second 5 years), followed by 15 farmer groups to target land area of 520 hectares. The value of contracts signed through a memorandum of agreement with PT. KTI as a buyer to a group of farmer-members (sellers) through Communication Forum of Cidanau watershed (FKDC) as organizational managers is IDR 4 billion for 2019. For farmer groups of an initial contract for five years was paid IDR 1.2 million per hectare per year will increase to 1.75 million per hectare per year for five-years contract. The implementation of PES in Cidanau watershed relatively was well proved by increasing number of farmers who are interested in becoming participants of PES. The implications of PES program for environment are increased forest cover and maintained water discharge. In addition, teh program has increased income for farmers in upstream watershed.
Self-governing “Green Alley” implementation as the Solution to address environmental challenge of public housing in Depok City
Authors: Kristiyantoro B. , Simarmata H. A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Conflict between increasing residential density and demand for comfortable life in a growing city is inevitable. This occurs not only in urban areas, but also at neighborhood level. These issues are increasingly aggravated by perception towards urban society characters, which are considered individualistic and ignorant to their residential environment. Collective efforts in resolving the issues are deemed as challenging. RW 16 in Baktijaya sub-district was selected as the research location because it is one of the first public housing projects, which was built around 1980 in the suburban areas of Jakarta. This research begins with two questions: “What is the history of landscape transformation in RW 16 of Baktijaya sub-district?” and “How did the community promote collective actions in addressing the greening problems in their settlement?” Primary data were collected by conducting transect walk and in-depth semi-structured interviews with several key informants. This study found several findings. First, based on historical transect, there has been a significant landscape transformation from 40% of Building Coverage Ratio (BCR) in 1980 to 90% to 100% BCR in 2017, which have reduced open green space in the public housing area. The second finding of this study represents a unique lesson. The citizens have created a new structure, with emphasize on spatial awareness and collective supports that have enabled them to become a community with a robust social capital, that can collectively respond to environmental issues. Collective efforts generate creativity in using space between buildings and streets and turning them into green corridor, which was refreshing the residential nuance. Various green competitions have allowed the community to express and channel their creative ideas. Collective efforts to convert aridity into green corridor in RW 16 of Baktijaya sub-district can be referred to as an interesting solution to resolve greening problems in urban area.