bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Ultraviolet Observations of Type IIn Supernovae Constrain the Asphericity of Their Circumstellar Material
Authors: Soumagnac Maayane T. , Ofek Eran O. , Liang Jingyi , Gal-yam Avishay , Nugent Peter , Yang Yi , Cenko S. Bradley , Sollerman Jesper , Perley Daniel A. , Andreoni Igor , Barbarino Cristina , Burdge Kevin B. , Bruch Rachel J. , De Kishalay , Dugas Alison , Fremling Christoffer , Graham Melissa L. , Hankins Matthew J. , Strotjohann Nora Linn , Moran Shane , Neill James D. , Schulze Steve , Shupe David L. , Sipőcz Brigitta M. , Taggart Kirsty , Tartaglia Leonardo , Walters Richard , Yan Lin , Yao Yuhan , Yaron Ofer , Bellm Eric C. , Cannella Chris , Dekany Richard , Duev Dmitry A. , Feeney Michael , Frederick Sara , Graham Matthew J. , Laher Russ R. , Masci Frank J. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kowalski Marek , Kupfer Thomas , Miller Adam A. , Rigault Mickael , Rusholme Ben 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a survey of the early evolution of 12 Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) at ultraviolet and visible light wavelengths. We use this survey to constrain the geometry of the circumstellar material (CSM) surrounding SN IIn explosions, which may shed light on their progenitor diversity. In order to distinguish between aspherical and spherical CSM, we estimate the blackbody radius temporal evolution of the SNe IIn of our sample, following the method introduced by Soumagnac et al. We find that higher-luminosity objects tend to show evidence for aspherical CSM. Depending on whether this correlation is due to physical reasons or to some selection bias, we derive a lower limit between 35% and 66% for the fraction of SNe IIn showing evidence for aspherical CSM. This result suggests that asphericity of the CSM surrounding SNe IIn is common—consistent with data from resolved images of stars undergoing considerable mass loss. It should be taken into account for more realistic modeling of these events.
The 21 cm kSZ–kSZ Bispectrum during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: La Plante Paul , Lidz Adam , Aguirre James , Kohn Saul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Current and next-generation radio interferometers such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) and Square Kilometre Array are projected to measure the 21 cm auto-power spectrum from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Another observational signal of this era is the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) signal in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which will be observed by the upcoming Simons Observatory (SO) and CMB-S4 experiments. The 21 cm signal and the contribution to the kSZ from the EoR are expected to be anticorrelated. However, the naïve cross-correlation between the kSZ and 21 cm maps suffers from significant cancellation. We present here an investigation of the 21 cm kSZ–kSZ bispectrum, which should not suffer the same cancellation as the simple two-point cross-correlation. We show that there is a significant and nonvanishing signal that is sensitive to the reionization history. In the absence of foreground contamination, we forecast that this signal is detectable at high statistical significance with HERA and SO. However, the bispectrum we study suffers from the fact that the kSZ signal is sensitive only to Fourier modes with long-wavelength line-of-sight components, which are generally lost in the 21 cm data sets owing to foreground contamination. We discuss possible strategies for alleviating this contamination, including an alternative four-point statistic that may help circumvent this issue.
Exploration de l’impopularité des milieux de santé mentale/psychiatrie auprès de la relève infirmière : une revue systématique des écrits
Authors: Bujold Audrey , Pariseau-Legault Pierre , de Montigny Francine 
Published: August 2020

Dans toute population et région du globe, les besoins en santé mentale sont nombreux et grandissants. Par leur formation et leur vaste champ d’expertise, les infirmiers sont un levier important afin d’aborder cette problématique d’accessibilité dans ces milieux de soins. Notamment, la masse grandissante de nouveaux diplômés en sciences infirmières devait atténuer cet enjeu. Or des données récentes démontrent que la pénurie d’infirmiers dans ces milieux de soins s’accentue fortement. Cette revue systématique des écrits ( n=40 ), réalisée à partir des bases de données CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycArticles et Scopus , vise à explorer ce phénomène d’impopularité des milieux psychiatriques et de santé mentale par la relève infirmière. Guidée par la théorie de l’humain en devenir de Parse, cette revue des écrits a permis d’identifier trois thématiques : (1) les perspectives des étudiants en sciences infirmières envers les enjeux relatifs à la santé mentale, (2) l’influence des interventions éducatives sur ces perspectives et (3) les facteurs facilitants et contraignants à une carrière dans ces milieux pour la relève. Ces résultats favorisent donc une meilleure compréhension de ce qui peut contribuer au recrutement de la relève infirmière en santé mentale/psychiatrie, tout en proposant divers leviers d’intervention permettant de répondre spécifiquement à cet enjeu.
Enhancing the Intermediate Vision of Monofocal Intraocular Lenses Using a Higher Order Aspheric Optic
Authors: Alarcon Aixa , Cánovas Carmen , Koopman Bram , Weeber Henk , Auffarth Gerd U. , Piers Patricia A. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE:
To describe and evaluate a new monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) designed to improve intermediate vision using a unique refractive technology.

METHODS:
The new monofocal lens is based on a higher order aspheric optic and is designed to improve intermediate vision. Simulated visual acuity from far to −2.00 diopters (D) was calculated using optical bench data. The effect of corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs) on simulated visual acuity, pupil size, and decentration was assessed using realistic computer eye models. The susceptibility to photic phenomena was evaluated by measuring preclinically the intensity of the light distribution in the retinal plane. The new lens design was compared to a standard aspheric monofocal IOL that shares the same platform, material, and primary spherical aberration as the new design.

RESULTS:
Simulated defocus curves showed increased simulated visual acuity in the intermediate range compared to a standard aspheric monofocal IOL with comparable distance vision, independently of the pupil size and corneal HOAs. At −1.50 D, the new IOL design provided a gain of approximately 0.1 logMAR, whereas at distance, the difference was less than 0.05 logMAR. The tolerance to decentration was also similar in both designs. Finally, experimental results indicate that the susceptibility to photic phenomena with the new lens design was similar to that of a standard aspheric monofocal IOL.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preclinical data showed that the new lens design improves intermediate vision while maintaining comparable distance image quality and keeping the same photic phenomena profile as a standard aspheric monofocal IOL.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(8):520–527.]
Three-Month Outcomes of Laser Vision Correction for Myopia and Hyperopia in Adults With Amblyopia
Authors: Liu Xi , Schallhorn Steven C. , Hannan Stephen J. , Teenan David , Schallhorn Julie M. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the visual outcomes of laser vision correction in adults with myopic and hyperopic amblyopia.

METHODS:
The medical records of patients diagnosed as having amblyopia who underwent laser refractive surgery between February 2013 and October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Eyes with amblyopia were analyzed, and the nonamblyopic fellow eyes of the patients who underwent laser vision correction were used as controls. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), subjective manifest refraction, and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were analyzed at the 3-month postoperative time point.

RESULTS:

This study included 323 eyes of 164 patients. All patients underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (90.1%, 291 eyes) or photorefractive keratectomy (9.9%, 32 eyes). Three months postoperatively, the manifest spherical equivalent was −0.07 ± 0.55 diopters (D) (range: −1.75 to +1.30 D) and −0.10 ± 0.54 D (range: −2.13 to +1.30 D) in the amblyopia group and fellow eye group, respectively. The percentage of eyes achieving UDVA of 20/20 or better was 16.9% (15 eyes) in the amblyopia group and 61.9% (52 eyes) in the fellow eye group. The percentage of eyes that gained two or more lines of CDVA was 27.9% (24 eyes) in the amblyopia group and 6.2% (5 eyes) in the fellow eye group (
P
< .01). In the amblyopia group, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean manifest spherical equivalent between the myopic eyes and hyper-opic eyes at any follow-up visit (
P
= .87, 1 month postoperatively;
P
= .68, 3 months postoperatively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Laser vision correction was found to be effective and safe in adult patients with amblyopia.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(8):511–519.]
Comparison Between Bilateral Implantation of a Trifocal IOL and Mix-and-Match Implantation of a Bifocal IOL and an Extended Depth of Focus IOL
Authors: Song Ji Eun , Khoramnia Ramin , Son Hyeck-Soo , Knorz Michael C. , Choi Chul Young 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE:
To compare the clinical outcomes of mix-and-match implantation of a diffractive extended depth of focus intraocular lens (IOL) (TECNIS Symfony ZXR00; Johnson & Johnson Vision) and a diffractive bifocal IOL (TECNIS ZLB00 +3.25 diopters [D]; Johnson & Johnson Vision) and bilateral implantation of a diffractive trifocal IOL (AcrySof IQ PanOptix; Alcon Laboratories, Inc).

METHODS:
This prospective comparative study compares the clinical outcomes of patients with age-related cataract undergoing cataract surgery using the IOLs described. Patients were divided into the mix-and-match group and the trifocal group. Assessment included monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), intermediate visual acuity (UIVA at 60 cm), and near visual acuity (UNVA at 40 cm), uncorrected defocus curves, contrast sensitivity, and reading speed. Quality of vision was measured with the Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25).

RESULTS:

A total of 50 patients (25 in each group) were enrolled. At 6 months postoperatively, outcomes of binocular UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA were similar in both groups. The binocular defocus curve only differed at vergences of −0.50 to −1.00 D (better for the mix-and-match group;
P
= .032 and .004, respectively) and at −4.00 D (better for the trifocal group;
P
= .001). Significantly higher reading speeds in the mix-and-match group were measured at 0.7 and 0.5 logMAR (
P
= .038 and .034, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups for contrast sensitivity and the results of the questionnaire.

CONCLUSIONS:
The mix-and-match implantation seemed to be a good option for patients with high demands for distance and intermediate visual acuity, whereas the trifocal IOL appeared to be more suitable for patients with enhanced near vision demands.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(8):528–535.]
MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGICAL DISEASES DURING THE OUTBREAK OF COVID-19: OUR EXPERIENCE
Authors: Gallizzi Romina , Sutera Diana , Mazza Francesca , Spagnolo Alessandra , Pajno Giovanni Battista 
Published: August 2020

Since the COVID-19 epidemic has evolved rapidly also in Italy, specialists in pediatric rheumatology have found themselves addressing the problems of their patients and in particular how to manage the risk of infection and immunosuppressive treatment. This work aims to make known the experience of our center.
Retropharyngeal Hematoma Secondary to Minor Blunt Trauma Neck: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Paul Dipten , Sen Shubhrakanti , Palai Avishek , Mukherjee Monoj 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Traumatic retropharyngeal hematoma is rare, but can be lethal, if not identified and managed promptly. It isclinically important because of the close proximity of the retropharyngeal space to the upper airway.
Case report
A case of upper airway obstruction in a 75 year old man due to a large retropharyngeal hematoma following minor injury to neckis presented.Progressive dysphagia, hoarseness and dyspnoea developed over time. Emergency tracheostomy and subsequent surgical drainage was performed.
Conclusion
Retropharyngeal hematoma is a rare but potentially lethal problem that can be faced in an emergency department. Clinicians should be alert to the potential occurrence of this cause of acute or delayed airway collapse. Thus, an awareness of the possibility of airway obstruction secondary to massive hematoma formation after an asymptomatic interval is needed.
A Novel Technique of Branchial Fistula Tract Delineation and Excision In Children Allergic To Dyes
Authors: Banerjee Swagatam , Sarkar Saurav , Ghosh Sanjoy , Chakravarty Sharmistha , Sikder Biswajit 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionBranchial arch fistula which results from a second arch anomaly is rarely seen in practice. The patients usually seek medical advice for persistent discharge from an opening in the neck or mucopurulent discharge from the opening of an infected fistulous tract. The treatment of choice for such a fistula is excision.
Materials and MethodsA total of seven patients were operated for branchial fistula between 2010 and 2012. Among them, three children could not undergo a fistulogram due to allergy to the dye used and hence they were selected for our modified procedure.
Surgical ProcedureA 3-0 or 4-0 polypropylene (Prolene™) thread was inserted into the fistulous tract. Both the ends of the tract were secured with the thread and the sinus tract was dissected out under gentle traction.
ResultsThe patients who were allergic to dye could not have preoperative fistulograms and per-operative injection of dye was also avoided. The blue colour of the polypropylene thread inserted in the fistula tract helped in tracing and excision of the sinus tract. No major complications occurred during or after fistulectomy and the post-operative recovery was uneventful. No recurrence was seen in the scheduled follow-ups.
ConclusionSurgical excision of branchial fistulas in children with allergy to dyes can be challenging. Insertion of a polypropylene thread into the fistula tract makes its subsequent dissection easy with minimal disruption of adjacent structures.
A Rare Variety of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma involving Submandibular Salivary Gland
Authors: Ghosh Sanjoy Kumar , Samaddar Saikat , Banerjee Swagatam , Mukherjee Diptanshu 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionAdenoid cystic carcinoma, an uncommon malignant salivary gland neoplasm, is known for its long clinical course, indolent growth, neural invasion, local recurrence and late distant metastasis. Three distinct histological patterns have been identified, amongst which, solid pattern is the rarest one having the worst prognosis.
Materials And MethodsA case of sixty year old male patient presented with a swelling in the left side of the neck, below the jaw gradually enlarging during the last three years. FNAC from the neck swelling was suggestive of benign adenoma of the salivary gland, possibly basal cell adenoma or pleomorphic adenoma. Submandibular gland was excised. Histopathological examination confirmed the solid pattern of adenoid cystic carcinoma, which is the rarest among the three distinct histological subtypes of the malignancy.
DiscussionAdenoid cystic carcinoma is well known for its perineural spread. In cases of submandibular gland adenoid cystic carcinoma, surgical wide excision is very much possible and in T1 or T2 cases post-operative radiotherapy may not be needed. In our case, post operative radiotherapy was given for best local control, as the tumour showed histopathlogical solid variety, grade III pattern, which is known to have the worst prognosis.
SYNCHRONOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS FOLLOWING PIGMENTED BASAL CELL CARCINOMA OF CHEEK -A RARE OCCURRENCE
Authors: Ghosh Debangshu , Sannigrahi Rajarshi , Basu Sumit Kumar , Basu Parna 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: A synchronous second primary malignancy as squamous cell carcinoma of external acoustic meatus following basal cell carcinoma of cheek is reported with their management and review of literature.
Case Report: Pigmented basal cell carcinoma of cheek was managed successfully by wide local excision followed by flap reconstruction and subsequently diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of external acoustic meatus by concurrent chemoradiation after initial surgical debridement.
Conclusion: Second primary malignancy as squamous cell carcinoma of external ear canal is rare after basal cell carcinoma of cheek though there is anatomical vicinity. Surgery in case of basal cell carcinoma and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in case of external ear canal squamous cell carcinoma is the mainstay of treatment.
A Rare and Unusual Cause of Epistaxis
Authors: Mallick Ajay , Bhalla Vijay , Roy Ravi 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION: Leeches are blood sucking parasites of the phylum Amelida subgroup Hirudinea. Leech infestation is known as hirudiniasis. Endoparasitic infestation by leech is rarely reported in literature. The parasites enter the body by bathing or drinking infected water. They attach to the mucosa of the aerodigestive tract and suck blood whereby greatly increasing in size, with resultant clinical symptoms.
CASE REPORT: A 52 year male presented with unilateral epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Nasal examination revealed a live leech. The leech was found lodged in the nasopharynx. The patient was unaware of the leech in his body. The leech was removed alive with the use of a nasal endoscope under local anaesthesia.
DISCUSSION : Leech infestation is a rare cause of epistaxis. Absence of pain and difficult visualisation make the diagnosis difficult and delayed. There are various methods described in literature to remove leeches from the body. General anaesthesia may be required for its removal especially in children and when the leech is lodged in the tracheobronchial tree.
CONCLUSION : The aim of presentation is to report a rare unusual cause of epistaxis, leech infestation of the nasopharynx and method of removal of the leech safely under local anaesthesia.
Unusual Presentation of Granulomatosis With Polyangitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis)
Authors: Ghosh Anirban , Saha Somnath , Chattopadhyay Sarbani 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To present a case of unusual presentations of granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis) with parotid swelling and intractable otitis externa.
Material and method: A 22-year-old male patient presented with left sided otitis externa with left sided parotid swelling and bilateral nasal obstruction for last two weeks. CT scan of paranasal sinuses showed homogenous mass in both maxillary antra and nasal cavities. FNAC from the parotid swelling was suggestive of granulomatous disease and endoscopic biopsy from the nasal mass showed features of granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis). CT scan of chest revealed multiple cysts within the lung parenchyma; urine examination showed RBC and pus cells. Renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulonephritis. c-ANCA was highly positive and thus the diagnosis of Wegener’s granulomatosis was made.
Result: Patient received cyclophosphamide and prednisolone immunsuppressive therapy for one year, which showed marked clinical improvement.
Conclusion: Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis) is not an uncommon entity for otolarygologists. Its usual presentation mimics chronic rhinosinusitis; but presentations like otitis externa and parotid swelling are rare for this disease.
A Clinical Study on the Influence of Sinusitis in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Dhanasekaran Sellappampatty Veerappapillai , Nair Jiji Sanjeevan , Raja Komathi , Gopalakrishnapillai Govind Krishnan , Chandran Abhilash Kuniyath , Radhakrishnan Shankar 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses are known to influence the middle ear conditions. In the evaluation of the patients with chronic otitis media, radiological, endoscopic, and other auxiliary diagnostic tools may have their roles in the objective assessment of the patients, and to rule out lesions of the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx as potential aetiological factors.
Materials and method
This cross sectional observational study was conducted for a period of two years to establish the role of sinusitis as focus of sepsis in patients with tubotympanic type of CSOM. All patients in the age group of 20-40 years with more than 2 months of ear discharge and with a hearing loss of 25- 40 db and diagnosed as tubotympanic type of CSOM were included in our study. Patients who had features of mastoiditis on X-ray and also with persistent ear discharge even after treatment with oral and topical antibiotics were subjected (n=70) to diagnostic nasal endoscopy and computed tomography of paranasal sinuses.
Result
Among the 100 patients of CSOM, 70% had features suggestive of sinusitis. Deviated nasal septum (40%) was the most common pathology among the study population. Majority (54%) of them had mucopurulent type of ear discharge. The CT findings of the paranasal sinuses revealed that 48.5% of the study population had grade I type of involvement of the PNS. 54.2% of the patients had a large central perforation and the middle ear mucosa was found to be edematous for 65.7% of the patients.
Discussion
Coexistence of deviated nasal septum and chronic rhinosinusitis with discharging CSOM is at par with several other studies conducted in other parts of the world.
Conclusion
Deviated nasal septum, enlarged middle turbinate, medialised uncinate associated with sinusitis are the predisposing factors in the development of CSOM. So assessment for sinusitis in the treatment of CSOM should become a routine practice.
Long Term Success of Endo-DCR with Silicone Tube Catheter (STC) versus Endo-DCR without STC: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ray Bidhan , Datta Debabrata , Roy Pijush 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Epiphora caused by mechanical block at puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct need surgical correction. EndoDCR is gaining popularity over conventional surgery. This study aims at evaluating the role of Silicone Tube Catheter (STC) to improve the long term outcome of endoDCR .
Materials and Method
This retrospective study was conducted on 58 consecutive endoDCR surgeries between 2012 and 2014. 22 subjects had endoDCR without STC, 36 subjects had endoDCR with STC, of whom in 20 cases STC was removed in 3 weeks and in 16 cases in 12 weeks. Clinical and endoscopic data collected post-operatively after 3 weeks,12 weeks and at 1 year. Analysis was done on intention to get suggestion for better result from endoDCR operations.
Results
Complications were identified as early and late. Complications like granulations, synaechia, echymosis, eyelid haematoma and surgical emphysema were searched for in every follow up. Development of obliterating scar was the main cause of failure. Epistaxis was negligible. No retrobulbar haematoma or rectus injury was noted. Minor synaechia between middle turbinate and nasal wall noted in 13.6 to 20% of cases in all groups. Granulations were more in cases had STC for 12 weeks but managed with conservative measures. Obliterating scar was slightly less in this group in comparison to other groups.
Discussion
The present study emphasises the use of indwelling STC in endoDCR for a longer period .