bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into pericytes and myofibroblast in wound healing, not bone Mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kong Yanan , Cheng Liuhanghang , Xuan Min , Ding Hao , Cheng Biao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) can participate in wound healing. However, very few studies had shown HSCs and MSCs could arrive to the wound and differentiate into tissues. In this study, we intend to investigate the role of bone marrow HSCs and MSCs in wound healing.
Methods

We first removed the bone marrow of mice by irradiation. Furthermore, we injected different colours of fluorescent HSCs and MSCs into the tail vein of irradiated mice to reconstruct bone marrow function. We prepared wound models on the back of these mice. In vivo imaging and immunohistochemical staining were used to track the expression of fluorescent protein.
Results

HSCs and MSCs have been isolated and cultured. HSCs expressed expressed Sca1, not lineage, CD34 or CD48. MSCs expressed expressed CD29 and CD44,not CD34 or CD45. HSCs labeled with green fluorescent protein reached the wound and co-expressed with desmin and α-SMA. MSCs didn’t stay on the wound.
Conclusions

The results show HSCs in the bone marrow of mice can directly participate in wound healing and differentiate into pericytes and myofibroblasts.
Integrating transcriptome-wide association study and mRNA expression profile identified sensitive genes related to hand osteoarthritis
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Zeng Yi , Si Haibo , Liu Yuan , Li Mingyang , Zeng Junfeng , Shen Bin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common skeletal system disease which proven partly related to genetic factors. The hand is a frequently affected part, which seriously affects the quality of life. But pathogenesis mechanism of hand osteoarthritis (hand OA) is still elusive.
Methods
The Genome-wide association study (GWAS)summary of hand OA was derived from the UK Biobank, which contains 452,264 White British individuals with 37782 osteoarthritis patients. The transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS)of hand OA was carried out using the Functional Summary-based Imputation (FUSION) using the gene expression references of muscle skeleton and blood. The significant genes identified by TWAS were further subjected to gene sets enrichment analysis (GSEA) by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tool. Furthermore, we compared the identified genes and gene sets of TWAS with that of an OA mRNA expression profile to detect the genes and gene sets shared by TWAS and mRNA expression profiles of OA.
Results
TWAS identified 177 genes with P value < 0.05 for muscle skeleton, such as ANKRD44 (P = 0.0001), RIC3(P = 0.0003), AC005154.6 (P = 0.0004). TWAS identified 423 genes with P value < 0.05 for blood, such as CRIM1(P = 0.0002), ZNF880 (P = 0.0002), NCKIPSD (P = 0.0003).After comparing these results of TWAS to those of mRNA expression profile, we identified 5 common genes, such as DHRS3 (log2fold=-1.85, P = 3.31 × 10− 9), SKP2(log2fold = 1.36, P = 1.62 × 10− 8). GSEA of TWAS identified genes detected 51 gene ontology (GO) terms for hand OA, for example, protein binding (P = 0.0003), cytosol (P = 0.0020). We also detected 6 common GO terms shared by TWAS and mRNA expression profiling of OA, such as protein binding (PTWAS = 2.54 × 10− 4, PmRNA = 3.42 × 10− 8), extracellular exosome (PTWAS =0.02, PmRNA = 1.18 × 10− 4), cytoplasm(PTWAS =0.0183, PmRNA = 0.0048).
Conclusion
In this study, we selected 5 sensitive genes(DHRS3, SKP2, IRS2, TOB1, PPP1R15A)and 6 GO terms(protein binding, extracellular exosome, cytoplasm, oxidoreductase, cellular response to mechanical stimulus, oxidation-reduction process) related to the hand osteoarthritis, which may help to uncover the pathogenesis of hand osteoarthritis at the genetic and molecular levels.
Filopodia rotate and coil by actively generating twist in their actin shaft
Authors: Leijnse Natascha , Barooji Younes , Verhagen Bram , Wullkopf Lena , Erler Janine , Szabolcs Semsey , Nylandsted Jesper , Doostmohammadi Amin , Oddershede Lene , Bendix Poul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Filopodia are actin-rich structures, present on the surface of practically every known eukaryotic cell. These structures play a pivotal role in specific cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by allowing cells to explore their environment, generate mechanical forces, perform chemical signaling, or convey signals via intercellular tunneling nano-bridges. The dynamics of filopodia appear quite complex as they exhibit a rich behavior of buckling, pulling, length and shape changes. Here, we find that filopodia additionally explore their 3D extracellular space by combining growth and shrinking with axial twisting and buckling of their actin rich core. Importantly, we show the rotational dynamics of the filamentous actin inside filopodia for a range of highly distinct and cognate cell types spanning from earliest development to highly differentiated tissue cells. Non-equilibrium physical modeling of actin and myosin confirm that twist, and hence rotation, is an emergent phenomenon of active filaments confined in a narrow channel which points to a generic mechanism present in all cells. Our measurements confirm that filopodia exert traction forces and form helical buckles in a range of different cell types that can be ascribed to accumulation of sufficient twist. These results lead us to conclude that activity induced twisting of the actin shaft is a general mechanism underlying fundamental functions of filopodia
High Norepinephrine Status Induced Growth of Colorectal Cancer With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Benefited From ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Yang Yanping , Duan Jiale , Li Ming , Tang Yi , Zhang Shuxian , Gong Hanjuan , Li Qingshu , Wang Yalan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIt is known that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients have higher susceptibility to colorectal cancer and poorer prognosis, but the mechanism is quite unknown. Here, we investigated effect of ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1 on growth of colorectal cancer combined diabetes in high norepinephrine status and the potential mechanism. MethodsWe evaluated size and weight of transplanted tumors with different ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1 level of CT26 cells or different norepinephrine level on diabetic mice model and observed their survival time as well. Consistently, CCK8 and flow cytometry were applied for detecting growth of CT26 cells in vitro. Western blot was performed for analyzing differentially expressed proteins of proliferatic profiles to determine ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1-modulated pathway.ResultsAccording to our data, high level of norepinephrine and ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1 both facilitated proliferation of CT26 cells in vitro and in vivo, besides, inhibition of norepinephrinee-depended-proliferation was observed in ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1 silencing CT26 cells in vitro compared with CT26 cells with ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1 expression. However, we discovered after reducing norepinephrine level of serum by surgery, size and weight of the transplanted tumors were significantly reduced compared with non-operated group and sham-operated group. Further, expression of ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1, mTOR, STAT3, p-AKT protein in tumor tissues of diabetic mice was increased rather than non-diabetes mice, while after depleting norepinephrine level by renal denervation operation, expression of proliferation-relative proteins mTOR, STAT3, p-AKT protein was decreased, but no change was discovered in ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1 expression. While under the same concentration of norepinephrine environment, ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1 boosts expression of p-AKT, mTOR, STAT3, CyclinD1 and c-myc in CT26 cells in vitro. ConclusionsThis study proposed a hypothesis that high-norepinephrine-induced proliferation of colorectal cancer required expression of ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1, and raise ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1 might be a candidate target for treatment of diabetes-associated colorectal cancer.
Differential expression of starch and sucrose metabolic genes linked to varying biomass yield in Miscanthus hybrids
Authors: De Vega Jose J , Peel Ned , Purdy Sarah J , Hawkins Sarah , Donnison Iain , Dyer Sarah , Farrar Kerrie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND:Miscanthus is a commercial lignocellulosic biomass crop owing to its high biomass productivity and low chemical input requirements. Interspecific Miscanthus hybrids with high biomass yield were shown to have low concentrations of starch and sucrose but high concentrations of fructose. We performed a transcriptional RNA-seq analysis between selected Miscanthus hybrids with contrasting values for these phenotypes to clarify how these phenotypes are genetically controlled. RESULTS:We observed that genes directly involved in the synthesis and degradation of starch and sucrose were down-regulated in high yielding Miscanthus hybrids. At the same time, glycolysis and export of triose phosphates were up-regulated in high yielding Miscanthus hybrids. CONCLUSIONS:Our results evidence a direct relationship between high expression of essential enzymatic genes in the starch and sucrose pathways, high starch concentrations, and lower biomass production. The strong interconnectivity between genotype, chemotype and agronomic traits opens the door to use the expression of well-characterised genes in the starch and sucrose pathway for the early selection of high biomass yielding genotypes from large Miscanthus populations.
LncRNA MAGI2-AS3 and ZEB2 Plays a Crucial Role in the Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma:a Bioinformatics Study
Authors: Hu Chenjing , Lu JianLin , Wang Zirui , Lu Jianjun , Qian Wenfei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PurposeLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a common type of non-small-cell lung cancer. Because of the limitations of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, LUSC treatments are ineffective. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of LUSC carcinogenesis, the present study aimed to identify novel factors and their signaling networks in LUSC, with a primary focus on the construction of a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. MethodsWe conducted a transcriptomic analysis of LUSC samples from The Cancer Genome Altas database. Furthermore, we analyzed the data using bioinformatics methods.Results533 samples were selected for analysis, including 485 “PrimaryTumor” samples and 48 “SolidTissueNormal” samples. A total of 1853 DEgenes were identified. Bioinformatics analyses identified the most physiologically relevant and significantly dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs. MAGI2-AS3 and ZEB2 were found to play key roles in LUSC. Furthermore, we mapped these signaling pathway based on its role as a miRNA sponge to predict the binding of miRNA to MAGI2-AS3 and ZEB2.ConclusionWe concluded that MAGI2-AS3/ZEB2 loop exhibited tumor-suppressor activity in LUSC by inhibiting miR-374a-5p and miR-374b-5p and modulating the downstream signal transduction through a ceRNA network.
Compare the Segmentation Accuracy of Heart Substructure on Contrast Enhanced CT by Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Different Loss Functions
Authors: Huang Danju , Bai Han , Wang Li , Hou Yu , Li Lan , Xia Yaoxiong , Chen Wenrui , Yan Zhirui , Chen Zhaocai , Zhang Wei , Chang Li , Li Wenhui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare the segmentation accuracy of heart substructure on contrast enhanced CT by deep neural network combined with different loss functions.Methods: We collected 35 thoracic tumor patients admitted to the Department of Radiation Oncology of Yunnan Cancer Hospital. Organ-at-risks (OARs) were defined as 10 organs of cardiac substructures (pericardium, heart, left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle, left main stem, left anterior descending Branch, left circumflex branch, right coronary artery), and use the OARs manually outlined by radiation oncologists on enhanced localization CT as the gold standard. The automatic segmentation results of GDL U-Net, WCEGDL U-Net, ELL U-Net, and GDL V-Net are compared with the gold standard. DSC, JC, HD, VD are used as quantitative evaluation indicators. Results: The segmentation DSC of the pericardium, heart, atrium, and ventricle of the DCNN with different loss functions all reached above 0.87. WCEGDL U-Net segmented the pericardium with DSC of 0.961 and 95% HD of 3.449mm; The segmentation DSC of the heart by ELL U-Net reached 0.965, and the 95% HD was 3.477mm; GDL U-Net segmentation of left atrium and right ventricle is better, DSC is 0.896 (95% HD: 3.429mm), 0.912 (95% HD: 4.242mm);GDL V-Net has better segmentation performance for right atrium and left ventricle, with DSC of 0.881 (95% HD: 3.904mm) and 0.940 (95% HD: 2.821mm). Conclusions: The DCNN proposed in this study have achieved better segmentation effects on the pericardium, heart and four chambers in cardiac substructure segmentation.
Pulmonary hypertension: From an orphan disease to a global epidemic
Authors: Butrous Ghazwan 
Published: September 2020

[No abstract. Showing first paragraph of article]Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive disease characterized by an elevation of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to right ventricular failure and death. It remains a challenging chronic progressive disease, but the current interest and advent of medical therapy in the last 20 years has significantly changed the perception of medical community in this disease. Pulmonary hypertension is not a specific disease; the majority of cases present with other diseases and various pathological processes that affect the pulmonary vasculature, and consequently increase pulmonary pressure and vascular resistance.
Identification of total aromas of plant protein sources
Authors: Antipova Luydmila , Kuchmenko Tatiana , Osmachkina Anastasiya , Osipova Natalia 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Due to the deficit and high cost of complete animal protein, the search and analysis of alternative sources is an actual scientific trend. Lentils is a good alternative to animal protein, but the pronounced bean smell and taste limit its full or partial use in food production. The aim of the work was to determine the total aromas of lentils when germinated to eliminate the bean taste and smell.
Study objects and methods. The object of the study was brown lentil beans germinated under laboratory conditions. Samples of the equilibrium gas phase formed over samples of wet and sprouted beans were investigated. The analysis of total aromas was carried out on a laboratory odor analyzer MAG-8 (“electronic nose”) by the method of piezoelectric quartz micro-weighing with an array of sensors.
Results and discussion. The study results showed qualitative and quantitative differences in the equilibrium gas phase over samples of wet and germinated grain. The quantitative analysis showed that the content of volatile compounds over sprouted grain is 12% less than over wet. The qualitative composition of the samples of wet and sprouted grain differed by 60%, which confirmed the influence of germination on the composition of the equilibrium gas phase and the possibility of eliminating bean odor. Testing showed that the use of pre-processed lentil grains allows to replace up to 50% of raw meat in minced products (minced food, chopped food) without changing the smell of the products.
Conclusion. According to the results obtained, preliminary processing of lentils by germination will allow using this bean culture as an alternative source of animal protein to expand the range, and improve the quality of meat and dairy products.
Quality characteristics of snacks produced from nixtamalized corn flours of new drought-tolerant yellow corn hybrids
Authors: Yaseen Attia , Hussein Ahmed , Esmail Ramadan , Mohammad Ayman 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Producing new maize cultivars in areas with limited water resources is the main task of plant breeders. However, there is little information regarding their technological characteristics and industrial potential. Besides, snacks have gained worldwide acceptability and become part of modern food culture, especially among young people and children. Thus, our study aimed to produce corn snacks from new yellow corn hybrids planted under water stress in Delta region, Egypt.
Study objects and methods. We investigated healthy processing techniques and used nixtamalization and baking instead of frying. We also evaluated the chemical composition and starch crystallinity of flour, the rheological properties of dough, as well as color attributes and sensory characteristics of baked snacks.
Results and discussion. Significant differences (P ˂ 0.05) were found between all corn genotypes in their fat, protein, ash, crude fiber, and carbohydrate contents. The experimental drought conditions caused higher protein and fat contents compared to normal conditions. X-ray diffraction indicated that nixtamalization decreased starch crystallinity. Also, X-ray and rapid visco analysis showed that Y2 genotype exhibited the highest crystallinity and the lowest pasting properties, while Y3 and Y5 had the lowest crystallinity and the highest pasting properties. Baked snacks made from nixtamalized corn flour of genotypes planted under drought conditions had comparable quality characteristics in terms of color and sensory properties to the control snacks made from SC178 genotype
planted under normal conditions.
Conclusion. The new corn hybrids grown in limited water conditions and the developed snacks represent a healthy alternative to cornbased fried snacks.
Separation of gliadins from wheat flour by capillary gel electrophoresis: optimal conditions
Authors: Grujić Radoslav , Cvjetković Vesna Gojković , Marjanović-Balaban Željka 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Gliadin proteins are one of the gluten fractions. They are soluble in alcoholic solution and divided into four groups (α + β, γ, ω1.2, and ω5-gliadins). In this paper gliadins were extracted from wheat flour, and optimal conditions for their separation were determined.
Study objects and methods. The separation was performed by capillary gel electrophoresis on Agilent apparatus, CE 7100 (a capillary with an inner diameter of 50 μm, a total length of 33 cm, and an effective length of 23.50 cm). In order to determine the optimal conditions, different solvent concentrations (50, 60, and 70% ethanol), capillary temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C), and electrode voltages (–14.5, –16.5, –17.5 and –18.5 kV) were applied. Migration time and relative concentration of each protein molecules within gliadin fractions in the electrophoregram were analysed using Agilent ChemStation Software.
Results and discussion. The optimal conditions for gliadin separation were: solvent 70% (v/v) ethanol, capillary temperature of 25°C, and electrode voltage of –16.5 kV. Under these conditions, the total proteins were indetified as Xav = 23.50, including α + β gliadin fraction (Xav = 7.50 and relative concentration RC = 28.29%), γ-gliadins (Xav = 5.00, RC = 26.66%), ω1.2-gliadins (Xav = 4.33, RC = 14.93%), and ω5-gliadins (Xav = 6.67, RC = 30.98%).
Conclusion. The results of the research can be of fundamental importance in the study of gluten proteins and the influence of technological procedures on their change and the possibility of reducing the allergic effect of gluten during processing.
Water supply network pollution source identification by random forest algorithm
Authors: Grbčić Luka , Lučin Ivana , Kranjčević Lado , Družeta Siniša 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A novel approach for identifying the source of contamination in a water supply network based on the random forest classifying algorithm is presented in this paper. The proposed method is tested on two different water distribution benchmark networks with different sensor placements. For each considered network, a considerable amount of contamination scenarios with randomly selected contamination parameters were simulated and water quality time series of network sensors were obtained. Pollution scenarios were defined by randomly generated pollution source location, pollution starting time, duration of injection and the chemical intensity of the pollutant. Sensor layout's influence, demand uncertainty and imperfect sensor measurements were also investigated to verify the robustness of the method. The proposed approach shows high accuracy in localizing the potential sources of pollution, thus greatly reducing the complexity of the water supply network contamination detection problem.
Changes in flow and sediment load of poorly gauged Brahmaputra river basin under an extreme climate scenario
Authors: Haque Shammi , Ali Md. Mostafa , Islam A. K. M. Saiful , Khan Jamal Uddin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Brahmaputra River Basin (BRB), the largest contributor of sediment load in Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta, is highly vulnerable to future climate change. Several studies assessed the effects of climate change of BRB on river flow but an assessment on sediment load has not been conducted. Changes in sediment load in the future need to be assessed to control and manage sediment flows in large catchments properly. The present study focuses on developing a hydrological and sediment routing model of BRB using the HEC-HMS model to estimate future sediment load together with the flow for the RCP 8.5 climate scenario. Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation and Engelund Hansen method of HEC-HMS have been applied for the sediment transport of BRB. The model has been calibrated using daily runoff for the period 1983–1996 and validated for the period 1997–2010, respectively. The uncertainty in the percentage change in seasonal sediment load during the pre-monsoon season is higher than that of the monsoon season. However, the contribution of the sediment load of pre-monsoon is very much lower than the monsoon season. The percentage changes in mean annual sediment load compared to the baseline period for the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s are 34, 67 and 115%, respectively.
Purifying polluted water through hemodialysis filters for poor villages without electricity: the Easy Water for Everyone approach and experience
Authors: Port Friedrich K. , Raimann Jochen G. , Boaheng Joseph Marfo , Narh Philip K. , Johnson Seth , Lipps Ben , Donald Linda , Levin Nathan W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Given the need for treating polluted drinking water, our NGO Easy Water for Everyone has produced pure water in remote villages without power and achieved health benefits. With the goal of reaching more needy populations we report our experience and successful implementation in Ghana. In 20 villages polluted water is pumped every few days to an elevated water tank connected to a filtration device leading to a faucet. Repurposed hemodialyzers with polysulfone membranes, having a filter pore size of 0.003 micrometres, prevent passage of pathogens. Gravity from a 3 m height pushes water through the membrane whenever the faucet is open. Backflushing of the hemodialyzer membrane three times daily removes built-up organic material and maintains flow rates of 250 L/hour for at least two years. Filtered water has been culture-negative. Management of problems and optimization are reported. The five-year cost per village of &lt;1,500 population averaged &lt;2 US$ per day.