bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Protein Quality of Complementary Food Made from Maize (Zea mays) Supplemented with Crayfish (Euastacus spp) and Carrot (Daucus carota) Using Albino Rats
Authors: Umerah N. N. , Alawuba N. M. Oly- , Asouzu A. I. , Ani P. N. , Oluah C. G. U. , Ezike C. O. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Assessment of protein quality is aimed at determining the ability of a protein to meet up with the needs for maintenance, growth, pregnancy and lactation.
Objective: To evaluate the protein quality of complementary food made from local food blends using albino rats.
Methods: Maize, carrot, crayfish, milk and other ingredients were purchased, processed and used for the study. The maize, crayfish and carrot flours were blended in the ratio of 100:0:0, 70:25:5, 70:20:10, 70:15:15, 70:10:20 and 70:5:25 respectively. The six diets provided 10% protein for six groups of rats. The diets were fed to forty (40) weanling albino rats in a 21-day growth period and 7-days Nitrogen balance study. Milk was used as control and Nitrogen free diet was used for the estimation of endogenous nitrogen. The result generated were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: The result showed that over 70% of the nitrogen consumed by all the five groups of rats fed the mixed diets were absorbed and retained. Among the test diet groups, the 70:20:10 diet had the highest absorbed nitrogen (2.10 g), retained nitrogen (2.00 g), biological value (80%) and net protein utilization (77%) which was significantly different from the other groups. The 70:20:10 diet had the highest Total digestibility (94%), highest food intake (230g), weight gain (52.10%) and PER (2.7) that were comparable with the reference protein (milk) at (p>0.05). The mineral metabolism of all the rats fed the test diets were absorbed and retained.
Conclusion: The study revealed that complementary food of high protein quality and nutrient dense can be produced from blends of maize, carrot and crayfish. All the complementary food made from blends of maize, carrot and crayfish blend were of higher nutrient quality than the popular homemade complementary food made of maize alone. It is imperative that blends of local foods stuffs should be used as complementary food instead of only cereal in order to improve the nutritional status of a growing child and also curb prevalence of protein energy malnutrition that is common among under five.
Successful Treatment of Pulmonary Embolus Secondary to Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Agarwal Arun , Agarwal Mamta , Bhanderi Hiren , Charan Vishal Singh 
Published: August 2020

A 75-year-old woman with a history of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus attended triage with complaints of nausea, occasional vomit, pain in epigastrium and some vague heaviness in breathing of 4-5 days duration. On her physical examination she had mild tachypnea, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) 92% on room air, and high blood glucose and ketones respectively. She was evaluated and diagnosed to have bilateral submassive pulmonary Thromboemboli.
She was managed with fibrinolytic treatment, Heparin, and supportive treatment along with management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Etiological examinations did not reveal any underlying cause. The contribution of diabetes and its acute complication, DKA, to the development of pulmonary thromboembolism is controversial and is discussed. This case with the presentation of sub-massive pulmonary embolism in a patient of DKA with no underlying cause identified is being reported owing to its rareness.
COVID 19 Outbreaks and Impact on Developing Countries like Bangladesh
Authors: Sarwar A. S. M. , Tarafder Shirin , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Razzak Khandaker Sabit Bin , Bushra Anika , Rahman Sabrina 
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 creates panic not only in China but also in developing countries like Bangladesh because it is a pandemic. More than 8.06 million cases and 440290 deaths were caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in 216 countries. There are no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs for the disease, and therefore the most effective measures are non-therapeutic interventions to control the spread of the virus. Beyond the dissemination of the disease itself, the COVID-19 pandemic has major consequences, including economical, cultural, and social impacts. The effect of coronavirus would prevent about 24 million people in eastern Asia and the Pacific alone from avoiding hunger. Bangladesh has sufficient limitations to limit the spread of the virus and there is a lack of information among rural communities about the crisis. Therefore the consequences of Corona issue will slow down the development, jobless in many sectors, and major economic crisis.
Effect of Ginger Nanoparticles on Hepato-renal Toxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats
Authors: Elrhman Sanaa Yasser Abd- , Fattah Hanaa Mostafa Abd El- , Morsy Gehan M. , Elmasry Shimaa 
Published: August 2020

Aims: The current study was developed to investigate the influence of ginger (G), ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) and ginger nano-base (GNB) on hepato-renal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats in comparison with silymarin (SM).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University.
Methodology: Fifty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Group (1): Rats received distilled water orally and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with single dose of corn oil (1 ml/kg b.wt). Group (2): Rats were injected with single dose of CCl4 diluted with corn oil (1:1) (1 ml/kg b.wt. i.p.) at the 4th week of experiment. Groups (3), (4) and (5): Rats were orally received 50 mg /kg b.wt./day of G, GNPs and GNB, respectively for 8 weeks and injected with CCl4 as group 2. Group (6): Rats were orally received 100 mg /kg b.wt /day of SM for 8 weeks and injected with CCl4 as group 2.
Results: Our results documented that injection with CCl4 caused significant increase (p<0.05) in liver function tests [serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities], kidney function tests [serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and cystatin C] and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). On the other hand, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Hepatic catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activity, with histopathological changes in liver and kidneys tissues. Oral administration of G, GNPs, GNB and SM caused an enhancement of liver and kidney function, decreasing serum oxidants and inflammatory markers levels while increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, also an improvement of organs histopathological changes was observed.
Conclusion: Our data proved that using ginger in the form of GNPs and GNB are more efficient in ameliorating hepato-renal toxicity induced by CCl4 than using native ginger as evidenced by biochemical analysis and histological examination of liver and kidneys tissues.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Cv. Bhagwa
Authors: Kumar Gitesh , Sharma D. D. , Kuchay M. A. , Kumar Rakesh , Singh Gopal , Kaushal Bhawna 
Published: August 2020

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth, yield and fruit quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa in the experimental farm of the Horticultural Research and Training Station and Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kandaghat, Solan, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India), during the year 2016 - 2017. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four foliar applications of potassium nitrate, KNO3 (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%); calcium chloride, CaCl2 (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%); boric acid, H3BO3 (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) and their combinations. The first spray was applied one month after fruit set, and the remaining three ones were applied at one month interval. Among the various treatments, significant increase in plant height, plant spread, plant volume, fruit size, fruit weight, fruit yield, total soluble solids, total sugars, reduction in fruit drop and fruit cracking were recorded with the application of KNO3 (1%) + CaCl2 (1%) + H3BO3 (0.4%). Leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg were also significantly affected by the foliar application of KNO3 (1%) + CaCl2 (1%) + H3BO3 (0.4%). Therefore, the combined foliar application of KNO3 (1%), CaCl2 (1%) and H3BO3 (0.4%) was found the best treatment for the improvement of growth, yield and fruit quality of pomegranate.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Oil Palm Plantations in Tamil Nadu Regimes, India
Authors: Rakesh S. S. , Davamani V. , Kamaludeen Sara P. B. , Maragatham S. , Lakshmanan A. , Parameswari E. , Velmurugan M. 
Published: August 2020

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), being a potential carbon sequestering perennial crop by biological means, has helped in mitigating global warming and climatic fluctuations. In our study, we selected Tenera hybrids in three oil palm plantations of major oil palm growing regions of Theni and Thanjavur districts of Tamil Nadu, India during the year 2019. Carbon sequestration potential was assessed by the standard procedures and methodology. The present study revealed that carbon sequestration was higher in trunks, which was found to be 2.57 t C/ha (tons of carbon per hectare) in 4 years, 22.33 t C/ha in 8 years and 59.79 t C/ha in 15 years with respect to the age of plantation. The roots sequestered carbon for about 0.67 t C/ha in 4 years, 5.80 t C/ha in 8 years and 15.54 t C/ha in 15 years old plantations and the fronds sequesters about 1.41 t C/ha in 4 years, 2.44 t C/ha in 8 years and 3.01 t C/ha in 15 years old oil palm plantations. The findings evidenced that the biomass production in oil palm increased proportionally with different age group of oil palm. This findings established the importance of oil palm plantation for carbon sequestration to reduce natural as well as anthropogenic sources for climatic fluctuations.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in the Sahelian Region: Case Study in Nioro du Rip, Senegal
Authors: Biaye Landing , Diome Fary , Diop Seybatou , Mbaye Modou , Tine Djibril , Tine Dome , Diene Ndeye Penda Dione , Faye Gayane 
Published: August 2020

The locality of Nioro du Rip is facing intense erosion, loss of agricultural land, soil pollution and soil degradation. Today, there is limited information about the soil physical and chemical properties in the locality. In this work, we describe the main essential factors or mechanism that control the evolution of the soil in the study area.
The physical and chemical properties of soils encountered along a NE-SW transect in are analyzed in this paper. The statistical analysis results revealed low structural stability of soils in general, due to their low organic matter content and exchangeable bases and their predominantly silty texture. A net trend towards acidification, which is more pronounced in the lower-bottom and terrace soils, provides information on the conditions that are increasingly unfavorable to agricultural development.
The multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) identified the preponderance of two factors among the four primarily involved in soil geochemical composition. These include a mineralization process (expressed through the first principal component (PC1), which causes soils to be rich in elements (Ca2+, K+,C, N, MO) controlling their structure and fertility level; The PC2 axis expresses the spatial differentiation phenomenon of the soil granulometric composition: soils forming cluster poles according to their textural affinity in the projection of the plane formed by these two components , with on one side the sandy-dominated soils of the shallows and terraces and on the other the clay-dominated soils of the plateau and the slope. A clear reversal of textural polarity in the studied topo sequence that must be blamed on the strong water erosion in this area.
Effect of a Slow-stroke Back Massage Combination and Frangipani Essential Oils against the Comfort of Menopause Sexual Relationship
Authors: Amirudin Zaenal , Harnany Afiyah Sri , Widowati Indar 
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of a combination of slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) and frangipani essential oils on the comfort of menopause women during sexual intercourse. The study with a quasi-equivalent non-control control group pre-test and post-test design. A sample of 42 married couples was recruited by purposive sampling. Samples were divided into intervention groups (SSBM with Frangipani essential oil) and SSBM control groups only, each group consisting of 21 pairs of respondents. Respondents were asked to fill in the F-scale sexual self efficacy questionnaire before and after sexual intercourse, repeated three times. The data collected was analyzed descriptively, presented in the form of mean, median and percentage. Bivariate analysis using ANOVA test. The analysis results sig value = 0.00 <0.05, meaning that there is a difference between before the pre test with the first, second and post test third. In the Probability obtained Sig = 0.00 <0.05, it means that there are differences in comfort between the control groups in the pre test with the first, second and third post test. In the interaction with the Sig value = 0.00 <0.05, it means that there is an interaction of comfort differences between the intervention group and the control group. The combination of frangipani essential oil with SSBM can be used by families as an aromatherapy massage to improve the sexual relations of menopausal women.
Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of Human Neurovascular Unit Cells in Response to Methamphetamine
Authors: Herland Anna , Maoz Ben M. , FitzGerald Edward A. , Grevesse Thomas , Vidoudez Charles , Sheehy Sean P. , Budnik Nikita , Dauth Stephanie , Mannix Robert , Budnik Bogdan , Parker Kevin Kit , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe functional state of the neurovascular unit (NVU), composed of the blood–brain barrier and the perivasculature that forms a dynamic interface between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS), plays a central role in the control of brain homeostasis and is strongly affected by CNS drugs. Human primary brain microvascular endothelium, astrocyte, pericyte, and neural cell cultures are often used to study NVU barrier functions as well as drug transport and efficacy; however, the proteomic and metabolomic responses of these different cell types are not well characterized. Culturing each cell type separately, using deep coverage proteomic analysis and characterization of the secreted metabolome, as well as measurements of mitochondrial activity, the responses of these cells under baseline conditions and when exposed to the NVU‐impairing stimulant methamphetamine (Meth) are analyzed. These studies define the previously unknown metabolic and proteomic profiles of human brain pericytes and lead to improved characterization of the phenotype of each of the NVU cell types as well as cell‐specific metabolic and proteomic responses to Meth.
Tailoring Common Hydrogels into 3D Cell Culture Templates
Authors: Pasturel Aurélien , Strale Pierre‐Olivier , Studer Vincent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhysiologically relevant cell‐based models require engineered microenvironments which recapitulate the topographical, biochemical, and mechanical properties encountered in vivo. In this context, hydrogels are the materials of choice. Here a light‐based toolbox is able to craft such microniches out of common place materials. Extensive use of benzophenone photoinitiators and their interaction with oxygen achieves this. First, the oxygen inhibition of radicals is harnessed to photoprint hydrogel topographies. Then the chemical properties of benzophenone are exploited to crosslink and functionalize native hydrogels lacking photosensitive moieties. At last, photoscission is introduced: an oxygen‐driven, benzophenone‐enabled reaction that photoliquefies Matrigel and other common gels. Using these tools, soft hydrogel templates are tailored for cells to grow or self‐organize into standardized structures. The described workflow emerges as an effective microniche manufacturing toolset for 3D cell culture.
Magnetic Skyrmions in a Hall Balance with Interfacial Canted Magnetizations
Authors: Zhang Jingyan , Zhang Ying , Gao Yang , Zhao Guoping , Qiu Lei , Wang Kaiyou , Dou Pengwei , Peng Wenlin , Zhuang Yuan , Wu Yanfei , Yu Guoqiang , Zhu Zhaozhao , Zhao Yunchi , Guo Yaqin , Zhu Tao , Cai Jianwang , Shen Baogen , Wang Shouguo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are attracting interest as efficient information‐storage devices with low energy consumption, and have been experimentally and theoretically investigated in multilayers including ferromagnets, ferrimagnets, and antiferromagnets. The 3D spin texture of skyrmions demonstrated in ferromagnetic multilayers provides a powerful pathway for understanding the stabilization of ferromagnetic skyrmions. However, the manipulation mechanism of skyrmions in antiferromagnets is still lacking. A Hall balance with a ferromagnet/insulating spacer/ferromagnet structure is considered to be a promising candidate to study skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnets. Here, high‐density Néel‐type skyrmions are experimentally observed at zero field and room temperature by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy in a Hall balance (core structure [Co/Pt]n/NiO/[Co/Pt]n) with interfacial canted magnetizations because of interlayer ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupling between top and bottom [Co/Pt]n multilayers, where the Co layers in [Co/Pt]n are always ferromagnetically coupled. Micromagnetic simulations show that the generation and density of skyrmions are strongly dependent on interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) and easy‐axis orientation. Direct experimental evidence of skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnets is provided, suggesting that the proposed approach offers a promising alternative mechanism for room‐temperature spintronics.
Use of the Indirect Photoluminescence Peak as an Optical Probe of Interface Defectivity in MoS2
Authors: Leonhardt Alessandra , de la Rosa César Javier Lockhart , Nuytten Thomas , Banszerus Luca , Sergeant Stefanie , Mootheri Vivek K. , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Stampfer Christoph , Huyghebaert Cedric , De Gendt Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDefect characterization of 2D materials is a critical aspect for their successful integration in future electronic devices. Here, a simple characterization technique is proposed that opens a path for fast, non‐invasive, quality assessment of transition metal dichalcogenide layers, such as MoS2, and their interfaces. It relates to the correlation between substrate‐induced traps and the indirect‐to‐direct photoluminescence peak ratio. It is shown that the indirect peak is quenched when interfacial trap sites are present. A physical mechanism is proposed to explain the observations based on different recombination mechanisms.
Direct N‐Alkylation/Fluoroalkylation of Amines Using Carboxylic Acids via Transition‐Metal‐Free Catalysis
Authors: Lu Chunlei , Qiu Zetian , Xuan Maojie , Huang Yan , Lou Yongjia , Zhu Yiling , Shen Hao , Lin Bo‐Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA scalable protocol of direct N‐mono/di‐alkyl/fluoroalkylation of primary/secondary amines has been constructed with various carboxylic acids as coupling agents under the catalysis of a simple air‐tolerant inorganic salt, K3PO4. Advantageous features include 100 examples, 10 drugs and drug‐like amines, fluorinated complex tertiary amines, gram‐scale synthesis and isotope‐labelling amine, thus demonstrating the potential applicability in industry of this methodology. The involvement of relatively less reactive silicon‐hydride compared with the traditional reactive metal‐hydride or boron‐hydride species required to reduce the amide intermediates presumably contributes to the remarkable functional group compatibility.magnified image
Dry and Wet CO2 Capture from Milk‐Derived Microporous Carbons with Tuned Hydrophobicity
Authors: Pokrzywinski Jesse , Aulakh Darpandeep , Verdegaal Wolfgang , Pham Viet Hung , Bilan Hubert , Marble Sam , Mitlin David , Wriedt Mario 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPore size distribution and surface chemistry of bio‐derived (milk) microporous dominated carbon “MDC” is synergistically tuned, allowing for promising carbon capture in a dry CO2 atmosphere and in mixed H2O–CO2. The capture capacity is attributed to the synergy of a large total surface area with an ultramicroporous and microporous texture (e.g., Stot 1889 m2 g−1, Smic 1755 m2 g−1, Sultra 1393 m2 g−1), and a high content of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatom moieties (e.g., 5 at% N, 10.5 at% O). Tailored two‐step low‐temperature pyrolysis‐chemical activation is employed to take advantage of the intrinsic properties of the precursor, allowing for this unusual textural properties‐heteroatoms combination. For example, tested at 1 bar and 295 or 273 K, MDCs adsorb up to 22.0 and 29.4 wt% CO2, respectively. MDCs are also tailored to be hydrophobic, with CO2/H2O adsorption selectivity even after prolonged cycling. Maximum working capacities of 10.8 wt% for pure CO2 and 3.5 wt% for a flue gas simulant (15% CO2, 85% N2) are measured using temperature swing adsorption with dynamic purge gases, while being minimally affected by humid conditions. This work is directly aligned with the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 13, take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
Stimuli‐Responsive Biomaterials for Vaccines and Immunotherapeutic Applications
Authors: Pacifici Noah , Bolandparvaz Amir , Lewis Jamal S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe immune system is the key target for vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at blunting infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, and implant rejection. However, systemwide immunomodulation is undesirable due to the severe side effects that typically accompany such strategies. In order to circumvent these undesired, harmful effects, scientists have turned to tailorable biomaterials that can achieve localized, potent release of immune‐modulating agents. Specifically, “stimuli‐responsive” biomaterials hold a strong promise for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents to the disease site or disease‐relevant tissues with high spatial and temporal accuracy. This review provides an overview of stimuli‐responsive biomaterials used for targeted immunomodulation. Stimuli‐responsive or “environmentally responsive” materials are customized to specifically react to changes in pH, temperature, enzymes, redox environment, photo‐stimulation, molecule‐binding, magnetic fields, ultrasound‐stimulation, and electric fields. Moreover, the latest generation of this class of materials incorporates elements that allow for response to multiple stimuli. These developments, and other stimuli‐responsive materials that are on the horizon, are discussed in the context of controlling immune responses.