bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derivatization and Spectrophotometric Quantification of Pamidronate in Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors: Gawad Sherif A. Abdel- 
Published: November 2020

Aims: To quantify pamidronate in a sensitive and accurate way either in bulk or dosage forms.
Methodology: The quantification of this group of drugs is a challenging task as they lack the presence of chromophore groups in their structure. The proposed method depends on the derivatization of the studied drug by its reaction with 4-Chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxazole and the product is measured spectrophotometrically at 470 nm. The conditions for the reaction are optimized regarding the volume of the reagent, the optimum pH for the reaction completion, the buffer volume, the optimum temperature for the reaction and the optimum heating time.
Results: The studied drug can be determined in the range of 9-30 µg/mL after optimizing the reaction conditions. Method validation is performed according to ICH guidelines and different validation parameters like, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness are calculated and found to be excellent.
Conclusion: The proposed method is accurate, sensitive and can be applied for the routine analysis of pamidronate in quality control laboratories.
An Evaluation of Acyclovir Prescribing Patterns in a Public Hospital in AlKharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad , Almalki Ziyad S. , Alhajri Mohammed , Alharbi Abdulrahman 
Published: November 2020

Aim: This study aimed to analyze acyclovir prescription patterns in a public hospital in AlKharj.
Methodology: Cross-sectional study, via hospital pharmacy services that included collecting data on acyclovir utilization from de-identified pharmacy records in maternity and children hospital in Alkharj from 1 Jan 2018 until 31 Aug 2020.
Results: A total of 1059 prescriptions contained acyclovir were dispensed between 1 Jan 2018 till 31 Aug 2020. In the present study, acyclovir was prescribed mainly as an intravenous (45.89%) or oral (34.09%) treatment. It is prescribed mainly as a vial (45.89%) followed by suspension (31.63%). Inpatient Ward prescribed 52.60% of the prescriptions and emergency department prescribed 25.87% of the prescriptions.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that acyclovir was prescribed commonly in the hospital and that it’s using should be monitored to ensure that it is prescribed and dispensed appropriately.
Attitude of Healthcare Students towards Japanese Encephalitis
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Khan Salah-Ud-Din , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To assess the attitude of healthcare students regarding Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in a medical university.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method. A self-developed and pre-validated tool was used to collect data from students studying in three healthcare faculties of a university in Malaysia. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 24.0 was used to analyze the data. The level of significance was alpha of 5% (0.05).
Results: Of the total of 252 studied student, more female students 177 (70.2%) participated in the present study than the male students 75 (29.8%).. The majority of the final years’ students had a positive attitude than the pre-final year students, with female students of the university had a more positive attitude (77.4%) as compared to the male students (69.3%) when the question was asked about the personal role in the management of JE is essential
Conclusion: Overall positive attitude was observed among the studied healthcare students. The present study concluded that pharmacy students had a more positive attitude than the two other faculties students i.e. dentistry and medicine regarding JE.
Mimic Drug Dosage Modulation for Neuroplasticity Based on Charge‐Trap Layered Electronics
Authors: Gao Caifang , Lee Mu‐Pai , Li Mengjiao , Lee Ko‐Chun , Yang Feng‐Shou , Lin Che‐Yi , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Chiu Po‐Wen , Lien Chen‐Hsin , Wu Wen‐Wei , Lin Shu‐Ping , Li Wenwu , Lin Yen‐Fu , Chu Junhao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe human brain is often likened to an incredibly complex and intricate computer, rather than electrical devices, consisting of billions of neuronal cells connected by synapses. Different brain circuits are responsible for coordinating and performing specific functions. The reward pathway of the synaptic plasticity in the brain is strongly related to the features of both drug addiction and relief. In the current study, a synaptic device based on layered hafnium disulfide (HfS2) is developed for the first time, to emulate the behavioral mechanisms of drug dosage modulation for neuroplasticity. A strong gate‐dependent persistent photocurrent is observed, arising from the modulation of substrate‐trapping events. By controlling the polarity of gate voltage, the basic functions of biological synapses are realized under a range of light spiking conditions. Furthermore, under the control of detrapping/trapping events at the HfS2/SiO2 interface, positive/negative correlations of the An/A1 index, which significantly reflected the weight change of synaptic plasticity, are realized under the same stimulation conditions for the emulation of the drug‐related addition/relief behaviors in the brain. The findings provide a new advance for mimicking human brain plasticity.
Advance in Using Plasma Technology for Modification or Fabrication of Carbon‐Based Materials and Their Applications in Environmental, Material, and Energy Fields
Authors: Sun Xin , Bao Jiacheng , Li Kai , Argyle Morris D. , Tan Gang , Adidharma Hertanto , Zhang Kaihang , Fan Maohong , Ning Ping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasma technology is an eco‐friendly way to modify or fabricate carbon‐based materials (CBMs) due to plasmas’ distinctive abilities in tuning the surface physicochemical properties by implanting functional groups or incorporating heteroatoms into the surface without changing the bulk structure. However, the mechanisms of functional groups formation on the carbon surface are still not clearly explained because of the variety of different discharge conditions and the complexity of plasma chemistry. Consequently, this paper contains a comprehensive review of plasma‐treated carbon‐based materials and their applications in environmental, materials, and energy fields. Plasma‐treated CBMs used in these fields have been significantly enhanced in recent years because these related materials possess unique features after plasma treatment, such as higher adsorption capacity, enhanced wettability, improved electrocatalytic activity, etc. Meanwhile, this paper also summarizes possible reaction routes for the generation of functional groups on CBMs. The outlook for future research is summarized, with suggestions that plasma technology research and development shall attempt to achieve precise control of plasmas to synthesize or to modify CBMs at the atomic level.
Strain‐Engineered Metal‐to‐Insulator Transition and Orbital Polarization in Nickelate Superlattices Integrated on Silicon
Authors: Chen Binbin , Gauquelin Nicolas , Jannis Daen , Cunha Daniel M. , Halisdemir Ufuk , Piamonteze Cinthia , Lee Jin Hong , Belhadi Jamal , Eltes Felix , Abel Stefan , Jovanović Zoran , Spreitzer Matjaž , Fompeyrine Jean , Verbeeck Johan , Bibes Manuel , Huijben Mark , Rijnders Guus , Koster Gertjan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEpitaxial growth of SrTiO3 (STO) on silicon greatly accelerates the monolithic integration of multifunctional oxides into the mainstream semiconductor electronics. However, oxide superlattices (SLs), the birthplace of many exciting discoveries, remain largely unexplored on silicon. In this work, LaNiO3/LaFeO3 SLs are synthesized on STO‐buffered silicon (Si/STO) and STO single‐crystal substrates, and their electronic properties are compared using dc transport and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Both sets of SLs show a similar thickness‐driven metal‐to‐insulator transition, albeit with resistivity and transition temperature modified by the different amounts of strain. In particular, the large tensile strain promotes a pronounced Ni orbital polarization for the SL grown on Si/STO, comparable to that reported for LaNiO3 SL epitaxially strained to DyScO3 substrate. Those results illustrate the ability to integrate oxide SLs on silicon with structure and property approaching their counterparts grown on STO single crystal, and also open up new prospects of strain engineering in functional oxides based on the Si platform.
Hydrogel‐Based Additive Manufacturing of Lithium Cobalt Oxide
Authors: Yee Daryl W. , Citrin Michael A. , Taylor Zane W. , Saccone Max A. , Tovmasyan Victoria L. , Greer Julia R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract3D multicomponent metal oxides with complex architectures can enable previously impossible energy storage devices, particularly lithium‐ion battery (LIB) electrodes with fully controllable form factors. Existing additive manufacturing approaches for fabricating 3D multicomponent metal oxides rely on particle‐based or organic–inorganic binders, which are limited in their resolution and chemical composition, respectively. In this work, aqueous metal salt solutions are used as metal precursors to circumvent these limitations, and provide a platform for 3D printing multicomponent metal oxides. As a proof‐of‐concept, architected lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) structures are fabricated by first synthesizing a homogenous lithium and cobalt nitrate aqueous photoresin, and then using it with digital light processing printing to obtain lithium and cobalt ion containing hydrogels. The 3D hydrogels are calcined to obtain micro‐porous self‐similar LCO architectures with a resolution of ≈100 µm. These free‐standing, binder‐ and conductive additive‐free LCO structures are integrated as cathodes into LIBs, and exhibit electrochemical capacity retention of 76% over 100 cycles at C/10. This facile approach to fabricating 3D LCO structures can be extended to other materials by tailoring the identity and stoichiometry of the metal salt solutions used, providing a versatile method for the fabrication of multicomponent metal oxides with complex 3D architectures.
Pseudohalide Additives Enhanced Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Li Ruiming , Peng Jiali , Xu Yalun , Li Wei , Cui Lihao , Li Yanyan , Lin Qianqian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have made considerable progress for optoelectronic applications in recent years. In particular, novel hybrid perovskites and materials combinations have been devised to overcome the materials and device stability challenges. Recently, pseudohalide salts have emerged as promising additives to enhance the long‐term stability of the photovoltaic devices. It is found that these pseudohalide ions can effectively passivate the crystal grains and hinder the degradation, which also places perovskites in a very interesting space for the consideration of reducing dark current and noise for photodetection. These possibilities provide strong incentives for a detailed study on the performance metrics of perovskite photodetectors with pseudohalide additives. In this work, photodiodes based on formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) with/without pseudohalide ions are fabricated, and the device performance both at room temperature and cooled with liquid nitrogen is evaluated. Interestingly, it is found that the photodetectors incorporated with pseudohalide ions exhibit not only better stability but also hugely improved figure of merit, including extremely low dark current of ≈10 pA, fast response of ≈50 ns, and high detectivity of >1012 Jones. More importantly, compared with control perovskite photodetectors, the devices with pseudohalide additives demonstrate less temperature‐dependence and superior repeatability.
Peripheral Nanostructured Porous Silicon Boosts Static and Dynamic Performance of Integrated Electronic Devices
Authors: Paghi Alessandro , Strambini Lucanos , Toia Fabrizio F. , Sambi Marco , Marchesi Marco , Depetro Riccardo , Morelli Marco , Barillaro Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanomaterials hold the promise of revolutionizing electronics and, in turn, its applications, thanks to the unique properties of charge carriers traveling in structures with length scale down to a few nanometers. Here, the tremendous reduction of mobility and lifetime of charge carriers when traveling in randomly arranged nanostructured silicon crystallites, namely, nanostructured porous silicon (n‐PSi), is leveraged to simultaneously improve the turn‐off switching speed and reverse operation voltage of solid‐state devices integrated nearby. As a proof‐of‐concept application, it is shown that the integration of peripheral n‐PSi next to solid‐state diodes fabricated by an industrial process, namely, PSi‐nanostructured diodes, reliably improves both the breakdown voltage (>2× increase) and switching time (30% reduction), with respect to those of reference diodes without n‐PSi, with no significant drawbacks on other diode parameters. This effect is shown to be robust with respect to n‐PSi preparation conditions and diode architectures, thus paving a new way toward groundbreaking n‐PSi applications in microelectronics.
Photopolymerized Gel Electrolyte with Unprecedented Room‐Temperature Ionic Conductivity for High‐Energy‐Density Solid‐State Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wen Pengchao , Lu Pengfei , Shi Xiaoyu , Yao Yu , Shi Haodong , Liu Hanqing , Yu Yan , Wu Zhong‐Shuai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolid‐state sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are highly promising rechargeable batteries owing to the abundance and cost effectiveness of sodium. However, the low room‐temperature ionic conductivity and narrow voltage window of solid‐state electrolytes seriously inhibit the development of SMBs. Herein, an ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate based quasisolid‐state electrolyte (ETPTA–NaClO4–QSSE) is developed by photopolymerization for high‐energy‐density solid‐state SMBs. The ETPTA–NaClO4–QSSE exhibits remarkable room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 1.2 mS cm−1, a wide electrochemical window of >4.7 V versus Na+/Na, and excellent flexibility. Owing to outstanding interfacial compatibility between this electrolyte and the electrode, Na metal symmetrical batteries show ultralong cyclability with 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, and ultralow overpotential of 355 mV at 1 mA cm−2, indicative of significant suppression of the Na dendrite growth. Notably, Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) full batteries (NVP||ETPTA–NaClO4–QSSE||Na) display unprecedented rate capability, with a recorded capacity of 55 mAh g−1 at 15 C, higher than any achieved so far in solid‐state SMBs, and long‐term cycling stability at 5 C, offering a capacity retention of 97% after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, NVP||ETPTA–NaClO4–QSSE||Na pouch cells represent excellent flexibility and exceptional safety, demonstrative of wide applicability. Therefore, this work will open new opportunities to develop room‐temperature high‐energy‐density solid‐state SMBs.
Pulmonary function in Williams–Beuren syndrome: Spirometric data of 22 Italian patients
Authors: Pangallo Elisabetta , Cianci Paola , Favuzza Filippo , Milani Donatella , Vimercati Chiara , Moretti Alex , Picchi Raffaella , De Paoli Anita , Agosti Massimo , Selicorni Angelo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWilliams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) is caused by an haploinsufficiency of the 7q11.2 region which involves the elastin gene (ELN). A deficiency of elastin is a known pathophysiological mechanism of emphysema/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A previous study hypothesized a higher risk of COPD in WBS patients. Herein, this phenomenon was further investigated looking for a possible correlation between COPD and WBS. Dynamic lung volumes (forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1, FEV1/FVC) were measured in 22 patients (age range 18.9 ± 7.4 years) affected with WBS, genetically confirmed, correlating these parameters to respiratory risk factors. Dyspnea, cough and wheezing were detected in 6/22 (27%) patients. Obstructive and restrictive patterns were identified in 6/22 (27%) and 2/22 (9%) cases, respectively with no evidence of irreversible obstruction. CVF, FEV1 and FEV1/CVF mean values were all normal, with values of 91.3% (n.v. > 80%), 84.2% (n.v. > 80%) and 0.82 (n.v. > 0.7), respectively. The severity of the comorbidities did not show a cause‐effect relation with the respiratory patterns, nevertheless patients treated with anti‐hypertensive drugs had poorer pulmonary function. Our findings are in accordance with previous observations, showing that emphysema/COPD is not a typical finding in young patients with WBS. However, a respiratory function assessment should be included in the follow‐up of WBS patients, especially in adolescents/young adults under treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs.
Efficacy of Intensive Acupuncture Versus Sham Acupuncture in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tu Jian‐Feng , Yang Jing‐Wen , Shi Guang‐Xia , Yu Zhang‐Sheng , Li Jin‐Ling , Lin Lu‐Lu , Du Yu‐Zheng , Yu Xiao‐Gang , Hu Hui , Liu Zhi‐Shun , Jia Chun‐Sheng , Wang Li‐Qiong , Zhao Jing‐Jie , Wang Jun , Wang Tong , Wang Yang , Wang Tian‐Qi , Zhang Na , Zou Xuan , Wang Yu , Shao Jia‐Kai , Liu Cun‐Zhi 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of intensive acupuncture (3 times weekly for 8 weeks) versus sham acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized, sham‐controlled trial, patients with knee OA were randomly assigned to receive electroacupuncture (EA), manual acupuncture (MA), or sham acupuncture (SA) 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Participants, outcome assessors, and statisticians were blinded with regard to treatment group assignment. The primary outcome measure was response rate, which is the proportion of participants who simultaneously achieved minimal clinically important improvement in pain and function by week 8. The primary analysis was conducted using a Z test for proportions in the modified intent‐to‐treat population, which included all randomized participants who had ≥1 post‐baseline measurement.ResultsOf the 480 participants recruited in the trial, 442 were evaluated for efficacy. The response rates at week 8 were 60.3% (91 of 151), 58.6% (85 of 145), and 47.3% (69 of 146) in the EA, MA, and SA groups, respectively. The between‐group differences were 13.0% (97.5% confidence interval [97.5% CI] 0.2%, 25.9%; P = 0.0234) for EA versus SA and 11.3% (97.5% CI −1.6%, 24.4%; P = 0.0507) for MA versus SA. The response rates in the EA and MA groups were both significantly higher than those in the SA group at weeks 16 and 26.ConclusionAmong patients with knee OA, intensive EA resulted in less pain and better function at week 8, compared with SA, and these effects persisted though week 26. Intensive MA had no benefit for knee OA at week 8, although it showed benefits during follow‐up.
Enhanced electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+‐doped silica nanoparticles by chitosan/Nafion shell@carbon nanotube core‐modified electrode
Authors: Liu Qiaoling , Bai Wenjia , Guo Zhihui , Zheng Xingwang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough Ru(bpy)32+‐doped silica nanoparticles have been widely explored as the labelling tags for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing different targets, the poor electrical conductive properties of the silica nano‐matrix greatly limit their ECL sensitivity. Therefore, a novel scheme to overcome this drawback on Ru(bpy)32+‐doped silica nanoparticles ECL is desirable. Here, a new scheme for this purpose was developed based on electrochemically depositing a nanoscale chitosan hydrogel layer on the carbon nanotube (CNT) surface to form chitosan hydrogel shell@CNT core nanocomposites. In this case, the nanoscale chitosan hydrogel layer only formed on the CNT surface due to the superior electrocatalytic effect of CNT on H+ reduction compared with the basic glass carbon electrode. Due to both the superhydrophilic properties and polyelectrolyte features of nanoscale chitosan hydrogel on the CNT surface, chemical affinity as well as the electric conductivity between Ru(bpy)32+‐doped silica nanoparticles and CNT were obviously enhanced, and then the ECL effectivity of Ru(bpy)32+ inside silica nanoparticles was improved. Furthermore, based on the discriminative interaction of these Ru(bpy)32+‐doped silica nanoparticles towards both the ssDNA probes and the ssDNA probe/miRNA complex, as well as the specific adsorption effect of these nanoparticles on the nanoscale chitosan shell@Nafion/CNT core‐modified glass carbon electrode, a highly sensitive ECL method for miRNA determination was developed and successfully used to detect miRNA in human serum samples.
Screening of important metabolites and KRAS genotypes in colon cancer using secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Cho Kookrae , Choi Eun‐Sook , Lee Sung Young , Kim Jung‐Hee , Moon Dae Won , Son Jong‐Wuk , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTime‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) is an imaging‐based analytical technique that can characterize the surfaces of biomaterials. We used TOF‐SIMS to identify important metabolites and oncogenic KRAS mutation expressed in human colorectal cancer (CRC). We obtained 540 TOF‐SIMS spectra from 180 tissue samples by scanning cryo‐sections and selected discriminatory molecules using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Each TOF‐SIMS spectrum contained nearly 860,000 ion profiles and hundreds of spectra were analyzed; therefore, reducing the dimensionality of the original data was necessary. We performed principal component analysis after preprocessing the spectral data, and the principal components (20) of each spectrum were used as the inputs of the SVM algorithm using the R package. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) (0.9297). Spectral peaks (m/z) corresponding to discriminatory molecules used to classify normal and tumor samples were selected according to p‐value and were assigned to arginine, α‐tocopherol, and fragments of glycerophosphocholine. Pathway analysis using these discriminatory molecules showed that they were involved in gastrointestinal disease and organismal abnormalities. In addition, spectra were classified according to the expression of KRAS somatic mutation, with 0.9921 AUC. Taken together, TOF‐SIMS efficiently and simultaneously screened metabolite biomarkers and performed KRAS genotyping. In addition, a machine learning algorithm was provided as a diagnostic tool applied to spectral data acquired from clinical samples prepared as frozen tissue slides, which are commonly used in a variety of biomedical tests.
Efficient CO2 Capture by Ultra‐high Microporous Activated Carbon Made from Natural Coal
Authors: Boujibar Ouassim , Ghamouss Fouad , Ghosh Arunabh , Achak Ouafae , Chafik Tarik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEfficient CO2 capture capabilities of activated carbons prepared from natural coal are presented. The preparation method involved simple chemical activation using wet impregnation or dry physical mixing of the raw sample with activating agents like KOH or NaOH. The activated materials were characterized for their structural and textural properties by different analysis techniques. The activated samples exhibited well‐developed porosity, large surface area, and high pore volumes and had other active elements like oxygenated functional groups. These groups modified the surface energy of the resultant samples. The superior performance of the activated carbons was attributed to several factors, including large surface area, presence of narrow micropores, and oxygenated functional groups on the surface.
SAR Studies of the Leupyrrins: Design and Total Synthesis of Highly Potent Simplified Leupylogs
Authors: Wosniok Paul R. , Knopf Christopher , Dreisigacker Sandra , Orozco‐Rodriguez J. Manuel , Hinkelmann Bettina , Mueller Peter P. , Brönstrup Mark , Menche Dirk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Dirk Menche at the University of Bonn. The image depicts the natural product leupyrrin A1 and a synthetic leupylog in balance on an IC50 weighing scale. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002622.