bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling resilience mechanisms in forests: role of non-structural carbohydrates in responding to extreme weather events
Authors: D’Andrea Ettore , Scartazza Andrea , Battistelli Alberto , Collalti Alessio , Proietti Simona , Rezaie Negar , Matteucci Giorgio , Moscatello Stefano 
Published: September 2020

SummaryExtreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity due to global climate change. We hypothesized that these have a strong impact on the stem radial growth and the dynamic of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs).In order to assess the effects on mature trees of a late frost occurred in spring 2016 and a drought event characterizing the summer 2017, we monitored the phenology, the radial growth and the dynamic of starch and soluble sugars in a Mediterranean beech forest.Growth was much more reduced by spring late frost than by summer drought, while NSCs dynamic was deeply involved in counteracting the negative effects of both events, supporting plant survival and buffering source-sink imbalances under such stressful conditions, resulting in a strong trade-off between growth and NSCs dynamic in trees.Overall, our results highlight the key role of NSCs on trees resilience to extreme weather events, confirming the relevant adaptability to stressful conditions. Such an insight is useful to assess how forests may respond to the potential impacts of climate change on ecosystem processes and to define how future management strategies can help adaptation of beech forests in the Mediterranean area.
Single generation allele introgression into pure chicken breeds using Sire Dam Surrogate (SDS) mating
Authors: Ballantyne Maeve , Woodcock Mark , Doddamani Dadakhalandar , Hu Tuanjun , Taylor Lorna , Hawken Rachel , McGrew Mike J. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPoultry is the most abundant livestock species with over 60 billion chickens raised globally per year. While most chicken are produced from highly selected commercial flocks the many indigenous chicken breeds, which have low productivity and have not been highly selected, play an important role in rural economies across the world as they are well adapted to local environmental and scavenging conditions. The ability to rapidly transfer genetic changes between breeds of chicken will permit the transfer of beneficial alleles between poultry breeds as well as allow validation of genetic variants responsible for different phenotypic traits. Here, we generate a novel inducibly sterile surrogate host chicken. Introducing donor genome edited primordial cells into the sterile male and female host embryos produces chicken carrying only exogenous germ cells. Subsequent direct mating of the surrogate hosts, Sire Dam Surrogate (SDS) mating, recreates pure chicken breeds carrying the edited allele in heterozygous or homozygous states. We demonstrate the transfer and validation of two feather trait alleles, Dominant white and Frizzle traits into two pure chicken breeds using the SDS surrogate hosts. This technology will allow the rapid reconstitution of chicken breeds carrying desired genetic changes to investigate climate adaptation and disease resilience traits.
Influence of weather on dragonfly migration and flight behaviour along the Baltic coast
Authors: Knoblauch Aline , Thoma Marco , Menz Myles H. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite mass movements of dragonflies being documented for decades, the influence of weather on the movement decisions and movement intensity of dragonflies has rarely been studied. Here, we investigate the influence of local weather conditions on flight behaviour of dragonflies in Europe, taking advantage of large movements of dragonflies occurring along the Baltic Sea coast of Latvia. Firstly, we performed orientation tests with individual dragonflies of two commonly captured species,Aeshna mixtaandSympetrum vulgatum, in order to determine if dragonflies showed directed flight and whether flight direction was independent from wind direction.Aeshna mixtadisplayed a uniform mean southward orientation (166.7°), independent from prevailing wind directions, whereasS. vulgatumdid not show a uniform orientation. Secondly, we investigated the influence of weather conditions on the abundance of dragonflies captured. Behavioural differences in relation to weather conditions were observed betweenA. mixtaand the two smallerSympetrumspecies (S. vulgatumandS. sanguineum). Generally, temperature, cloud cover and wind direction were the most important predictors for migration intensity, with temperature positively influencing abundance and cloud cover negatively influencing abundance.Aeshna mixtaappeared to select favourable tailwinds (northerlies), whereas hourly abundance ofSympetrumincreased with more easterly winds. Our results provide important information on the influence of local weather conditions on the flight behaviour of dragonflies, as well as evidence of migration forA. mixtaand most likely someSympetrumspecies along the Baltic coast.
Structural basis for bacterial ribosome quality control
Authors: Crowe-McAuliffe Caillan , Takada Hiraku , Murina Victoriia , Polte Christine , Kasvandik Sergo , Tenson Tanel , Ignatova Zoya , Atkinson Gemma C. , Wilson Daniel N. , Hauryliuk Vasili 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn all branches of life, stalled translation intermediates are recognized and processed by ribosome-associated quality-control (RQC) pathways. RQC begins with splitting of stalled ribosomes, leaving an unfinished polypeptide still attached to the large subunit. Ancient and conserved NEMF family RQC proteins target these incomplete proteins for degradation by the addition of C-terminal ‘tails.’ How such tailing can occur without the regular suite of translational components is, however, unclear. Using ex vivo single-particle cryo-EM, we show that C-terminal tailing in Bacillus subtilis is mediated by NEMF protein RqcH in concert with YabO, a protein homologous to, yet distinct from, Hsp15. Our structures reveal how these factors mediate tRNA movement across the ribosomal 50S subunit to synthesize polypeptides in the absence of mRNA or the small subunit.
Entrepreneurship resilience and Iranian organizations: application of the fuzzy DANP technique
Authors: Hamedi Hemad , Mehdiabadi Amir 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find and prioritize human factors affecting entrepreneurial resilience.Design/methodology/approachThe statistical population consists of prominent Iranian university professors in this field, and the statistical sample is ten of them randomly. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. After a comprehensive review of the theoretical foundations, the research model was formed with 5 main indices and 21 sub-indices. Fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-based (DANP) technique and MATLAB software was used for analysis.FindingsIndicators of Values and Beliefs (A3) and Motivation Index (E5) as Influential Indicators and indicators of personal attributes (S1), formal and informal relationships (R2) and human capital (C4) are effective indicators of entrepreneurial resilience. In the final rankings, formal and informal relationships had the highest weight with 0.263 and the lowest with priority and motivation index with 0.080. In addition to the final rankings of the sub-indices, the indicators of first-hand experience, recognition of opportunities and consulting services were given the highest weight.Practical implicationsThis study proposes that resilience is a real-life process and not just a list of each characteristic. All human beings have an innate ability to be resilient, but resilience is a learned and learned behavior, and the emphasis of experts is on the learning of various resilience skills.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the field of entrepreneurship by examining the institutional backgrounds of entrepreneurship resilience.
Managing technology transfer between coopetitive firms: the roles of coopetition, asset specificity and justice
Authors: Liu Ruijia , Yang Jianjun , Zhang Feng 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Prior studies have demonstrated the important role of coopetition in firms’ innovation. Based on the paradox perspective, this study aims to focus on technology transfer, the pre-innovation stage, to provide a supplementary understanding of the complementarity and contradictoriness of paradoxical coopetition, with the formal and informal governance mechanisms which are suitable with this understanding in coopetition.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted an original, multisource survey of 280 Chinese manufacturing firms. Hypotheses were tested through multiple regressions.

Findings
Coopetition has a positive impact on technology transfer between firms. Along with the increasing specificity of assets invested ex ante as a kind of formal governance mechanism, the relationship between coopetition and technology transfer becomes stronger. Meanwhile, inter-firm justice as an informal governance mechanism in the technology transfer process can be positively affected by coopetition between partners.

Originality/value
The study adds to the business-to-business coopetition literature on how to properly treat and use coopetition in technology transfer. Using the paradox perspective in the Chinese context, the findings emphasize the positive role of coopetition in the inter-firm technological exchange process, enriching the understanding of the complementary and contradictory features of paradoxical coopetition. To govern coopetitive relationships, the firms should also implement two fundamental governance mechanisms, that is, specialty asset and inter-firm justice.
When bike-sharing crashed in China: a bumpy ride
Authors: Zhao Shuyan , Xiong Jie , Kim Seong-Young , Xu Lu , Yan Jie 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Buoyed by the desire to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and develop sustainable urban transportation, the dockless bike-sharing industry boomed in China during 2017–2018. To the surprise of the stakeholders, this industry dramatically ebbed in 2019. The dockless bike-sharing system deviated from a problem-solver to a troublemaker in a very short period. The oversupplied and excessively discarded shared bikes caused a big waste of resources and serious pollution to the environment. In this paper, the decision-making of the key players of the industry, i.e. business operators, investors, customers and government, is analyzed through the lens of the cognitive bias. This paper aims to illuminate the process of how this innovative transport solution turned to a disastrous ending, which caused damage to urban environment and financial loss to investors.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a qualitative analysis based on the rich secondary data sources is conducted. A rich amount of qualitative data including news reports, government policies, consulting reports and companies’ annual reports etc. were collected.

Findings
The study shows, in the product introduction period, the government, business operators, investors and consumers fell into the cognitive bias. They over focused on the positive side such as high-tech, eco-friendly, convenient image of the dockless bike-sharing solution. Thereby, the key stakeholders made irrational decisions in product adoption and management. This study moves toward increasing key stakeholders’ awareness of the imperative to reduce these biases when promoting eco-innovations. This study also recommends a prudent attitude with a rational and comprehensive thinking style in dealing with eco-innovation and the emerging sharing economy.

Originality/value
To solve the cognitive biases, this study recommends that people use rational decision-making style to examine and adopt the dockless bike-sharing solutions. Practical recommendations to tackle the existing recycling crisis of the dockless bike-sharing industry are also discussed.
Family entrepreneurship and banking support in Kuwait: conventional vs Islamic banks
Authors: Abdullah Nour Mahdi 
Published: September 2020

PurposeIn this paper family entrepreneurship and its banking support in Kuwait is discussed, as one of the wealthiest countries in the world. In the beginning is provided an overview of the Kuwaiti context of entrepreneurship and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), followed by discussion of family businesses' profile and benefits to the economy and society. The paper discusses the banking sector in Kuwait and its contribution to the development of family entrepreneurship and the small business sector in Kuwait.Design/methodology/approachFor purposes of this study a multiple case study approach and a snowballing sample was used.FindingsEven that, Kuwait is considered as an Islamic country, from the answers and comments that were received from our research, we concluded that most of the family businesses cooperate with conventional banks, instead of Islamic banks.Practical implicationsSeveral supporting products are described and analysed in this paper, which can help family business and SMEs' owners where to address when a support is needed. Also are provided information on similarities and differences between Islamic and conventional banking.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first papers that discusses family businesses and entrepreneurship in Kuwait and the support they receive from Islamic and conventional banks. It provides original quotes from family business owners regarding this topic.
Analysis of the South African construction industry business environment
Authors: Oyewobi Luqman Oyekunle , Windapo Abimbola , Rotimi James Olabode Bamidele , Jimoh Richard 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The study aims to identify and examine the construction organisational environments and its dimensions that have an impact on the performance of contracting companies in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
The study reports the result of quantitative research that obtained data from 72 construction organisations registered with the South African construction industry development board via a questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric and exploratory principal component analysis were used to summarise forms of correlations among observed variables and to reduce a large number of observed variables to a smaller number of factors that provide an operational definition for the underlying dimension.

Findings
This study identified six exogenous and three endogenous environmental factors that have a varying degree of impact on construction organisation performance. Four dimensions of the environment were also examined, and environmental complexity has the highest variance explained which implies that the complexity of the construction business environment significantly influences the performance of construction firms.

Research limitations/implications
This paper studies the environment of the South African construction industry using cross-sectional data in exploratory research. A confirmatory study should be conducted using a longitudinal panel design with a larger sample in similar future research.

Practical implications
The study offers practical implications to construction organisation owners operating in the South African construction industry to understand the need to acquire market and environmental data and process them in a way that will reduce its uncertainty when making strategic decisions.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the current discourse on organisations’ business environments to better understand their influences on organisational performance.
Revisiting the spatial form of traditional villages in Chaoshan, China
Authors: Huang Xu , Gu Yuanyuan 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Compared to other areas in China, Chaoshan region in Guangdong province has a more developed clan system set within a rural landscape. This paper aims to explore the relationship between the social structure (family–clan) and spatial form (housing settlement) of clan-organized rural China to understand the spatial form represented by “family and clan.”

Design/methodology/approach
By examining Dongli village and Huayao village, this paper outlines the typical path of spatial representation: dwelling of individual’s core family → mansion of the big family → settlement of a single clan → co-settlement of several clans. Moreover, it identifies three critical elements of the spatial representation: prototype (the spatial representation of the etiquette system); order (a hierarchical space set by the patriarchal system); and boundary (constructed on both physical and mental facts).

Findings
All elements indicate that descendants of migrants from the North maintain their self-identity and discipline clan members by planning the ideal space.

Research limitations/implications
The findings contribute to the ongoing discussions regarding how local cultural and historical experiences can influence renewed designs of traditional settlement areas (Aksulu and Eryildiz, 2003) and how digital means can facilitate updating designs of traditional buildings (Han et al., 2017). Such planning and design should involve greater public participation, considering the impact on residents’ daily lives (Pandya, 2005).

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the understanding of the relationship between cultural values and the spatial form of residential settlements in Chinese history.
Fermented beverage obtained from hydroSOStainable pistachios
Authors: Sánchez‐Bravo Paola , Noguera‐Artiaga Luis , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A. , Sendra Esther 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurrently, consumers increasingly demand healthy foods, such as “vegetable drinks” made from nuts and cereals. In this scenario, the potential use of pistachios, grown under conventional and regulated deficit irrigation conditions (hydroSOStainable), to prepare fermented beverages was evaluated. This work addressed three important aspects: (i) water savings, (ii) use of noncommercial products, and (iii) expansion of the offer of vegetable drinks. Two commercial cultures of lactic acid bacteria (MA400 and MY800) and two sugars (glucose and fructose) were tested. Fermented drinks were evaluated by analyzing the following parameters: microbial counts, pH, titratable acidity, CIE (L*, a*, and b*) color, and total fatty acid, volatile and sensory profiles; all parameters were evaluated at 1, 15, and 30 days of cold storage (4 °C). Pistachio‐based beverages proved to be excellent substrates for the growth and survival of lactic acid bacteria. The fatty acid profile was not affected by the studied factors. However, the volatile profile was more complex for the treatments conventional‐MY800 (80 µg/L) and hydroSOS‐MA400 (72 µg/L). HydroSOS beverages fermented with MA400 culture were less sour and had higher intensity of umami and pistachio flavor; however, hydroSOS pistachios fermented with MY800 culture had lower pistachio odor intensity. All tested factors can be considered suitable for the preparation of fermented pistachios‐based beverages, considering both technological and quality aspects.
Intranodal pressure of a metastatic lymph node reflects the response to lymphatic drug delivery system
Authors: Kato Shigeki , Takeda Kazu , Sukhbaatar Ariunbuyan , Sakamoto Maya , Mori Shiro , Shiga Kiyoto , Kodama Tetsuya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer metastasis to lymph nodes (LNs) almost certainly contributes to distant metastasis. Elevation of LN internal pressure (intranodal pressure, INP) during tumor proliferation is associated with a poor prognosis for patients. We have previously reported that a lymphatic drug delivery system (LDDS) allows the direct delivery of anticancer drugs into the lymphatic system and is a promising treatment strategy for early‐stage LN metastasis. However, methods for evaluating the treatment effects have not been established. Here, we used a mouse model of MXH10/Mo‐lpr/lpr, which develops a systemic swelling of LNs, and murine malignant fibrous histiocytoma‐like (KM‐Luc/GFP) cells or murine breast cancer (FM3A‐Luc) cells inoculated into the subiliac LN of mice to produce a tumor‐bearing LN model. The changes in INP during intranodal tumor progression and after treatment with cis‐dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (CDDP) using an LDDS were measured. We found that tumor progression was associated with an increase in INP that occurred independently of LN volume changes. The elevation in INP was suppressed by CDDP treatment with the LDDS when intranodal tumor progression was significantly inhibited. These findings indicate that INP is a useful parameter for monitoring the therapeutic effect in patients with LN metastasis who have been given drugs using an LDDS, which will serve to manage cancer metastasis treatment and contribute to an improved quality of life for cancer patients.
A systematic review and in‐depth analysis of outcome reporting in early phase studies of colorectal cancer surgical innovation
Authors: Hoffmann C. , Macefield R. C. , Wilson N. , Blazeby J. M. , Avery K. N. L. , Potter S. , McNair A. G. K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimEarly phase studies are essential to evaluate new technologies prior to randomized evaluation. Evaluation is limited, however, by inconsistent measurement and reporting of outcomes. This study examines outcome reporting in studies of innovative colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsSystematic searches identified studies of invasive procedures treating primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. Included were a random sample of studies which authors reported as ‘new’ or ‘modified’. Outcomes were extracted verbatim and categorized using an existing framework of 32 domains relevant to early phase studies. Outcomes were classified as ‘measured’ (where there was an explicit statement to that effect or evidence that data collection had occurred) or ‘mentioned but not measured’ (where outcomes were discussed but data collection was not evident). Patterns of identified outcomes are described.ResultsOf 8373 records, 816 were potentially eligible. Full‐text review of a random sample of 218 studies identified 51 for inclusion of which 34 (66%) were ‘new’ and 17 (33%) were ‘modified’. Some 2073 outcomes were identified, and all mapped to domains. ‘Anticipated disadvantages’ were most frequently identified [660 (32%) outcomes identified across 50 (98%) studies]. No domain was represented in all studies. Under half (944, 46%) of outcomes were ‘measured’. ‘Surgeon’s/operator's experience of the innovation’ was more frequently ‘mentioned but not measured’ [207 (18%) outcomes across 46 (90%) studies] than ‘measured’ [17 (2%) outcomes, 11 (22%) studies].ConclusionThere is outcome reporting heterogeneity in studies of early phase colorectal cancer surgery. The adoption of core outcome sets may help to resolve these inconsistencies and enable efficient evaluation of surgical innovations.