bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etanercept or Methotrexate Withdrawal in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Sustained Remission
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Emery Paul , Karis Elaine , Haraoui Boulos , Bykerk Vivian , Yen Priscilla K. , Kricorian Greg , Chung James B. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in whom remission is achieved following combination therapy with methotrexate plus etanercept face an ongoing medication burden. This study was undertaken to investigate whether sustained remission achieved on combination therapy can be maintained with either methotrexate or etanercept monotherapy, as assessed following discontinuation of one or the other medication from the combination.MethodsOf the 371 adult patients with RA who received combination therapy with methotrexate plus etanercept, remission (defined as a Simplified Disease Activity Index [SDAI] score of ≤3.3) was sustained in 253 patients through a 24‐week open‐label period. These 253 patients then entered a 48‐week, double‐blind period and were randomized to receive either 1) methotrexate monotherapy (n = 101), 2) etanercept monotherapy (n = 101), or 3) methotrexate plus etanercept combination therapy (n = 51). Patients who subsequently experienced disease‐worsening received rescue therapy with the combination regimen at the same dosages as used in the initial run‐in period. The primary end point was the proportion of patients in whom SDAI‐defined remission was maintained without disease‐worsening at week 48 in the etanercept monotherapy group as compared to the methotrexate monotherapy group. Secondary end points included time to disease‐worsening, and the proportion of patients in whom SDAI‐defined remission was recaptured after initiation of rescue therapy.ResultsBaseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the RA patients were similar across the treatment groups. At week 48, SDAI‐defined remission was maintained in significantly more patients in the etanercept monotherapy group than in the methotrexate monotherapy group (49.5% versus 28.7%; P = 0.004). Moreover, as a secondary end point, sustained SDAI‐defined remission was achieved in significantly more patients who received combination therapy than in those who received methotrexate monotherapy (52.9% versus 28.7%; P = 0.006). Time to disease‐worsening was shorter in those who received methotrexate monotherapy than in those who received etanercept monotherapy or those who received combination therapy (each P < 0.001 versus methotrexate monotherapy). Among the patients who received rescue therapy, SDAI‐defined remission was recaptured in 70–80% in each treatment group. No new safety signals were reported.ConclusionThe efficacy of etanercept monotherapy was superior to that of methotrexate monotherapy and similar to that of combination therapy in maintaining remission in patients with RA. SDAI‐defined remission was recaptured in most of the patients who were given rescue therapy. These data could inform decision‐making when withdrawal of therapy is being considered to reduce treatment burden in patients with well‐controlled RA.
DLR Equations and Rigidity for the Sine‐Beta Process
Authors: Dereudre David , Hardy Adrien , Leblé Thomas , Maïda Mylène 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate Sineβ, the universal point process arising as the thermodynamic limit of the microscopic scale behavior in the bulk of one‐dimensional log‐gases, or β‐ensembles, at inverse temperature β > 0. We adopt a statistical physics perspective, and give a description of Sineβ using the Dobrushin‐Lanford‐Ruelle (DLR) formalism by proving that it satisfies the DLR equations: the restriction of Sineβ to a compact set, conditionally on the exterior configuration, reads as a Gibbs measure given by a finite log‐gas in a potential generated by the exterior configuration. In short, Sineβ is a natural infinite Gibbs measure at inverse temperature β > 0 associated with the logarithmic pair potential interaction. Moreover, we show that Sineβ is number‐rigid and tolerant in the sense of Ghosh‐Peres; i.e., the number, but not the position, of particles lying inside a compact set is a deterministic function of the exterior configuration. Our proof of the rigidity differs from the usual strategy and is robust enough to include more general long‐range interactions in arbitrary dimension. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New (and Old) Monomers from Biorefineries to Make Polymer Chemistry More Sustainable
Authors: Al‐Naji Majd , Schlaad Helmut , Antonietti Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis opinion article describes recent approaches to use the “biorefinery” concept to lower the carbon footprint of typical mass polymers, by replacing parts of the fossil monomers with similar or even the same monomer made from regrowing dendritic biomass. Herein, the new and green catalytic synthetic routes are for lactic acid (LA), isosorbide (IS), 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), and p‐xylene (pXL). Furthermore, the synthesis of two unconventional lignocellulosic biomass derivable monomers, i.e., α‐methylene‐γ‐valerolactone (MeGVL) and levoglucosenol (LG), are presented. All those have the potential to enter in a cost‐effective way, also the mass market and thereby recover lost areas for polymer materials. The differences of catalytic unit operations of the biorefinery are also discussed and the challenges that must be addressed along the synthesis path of each monomers.
Dynamic concentration of the triangle‐free process
Authors: Bohman Tom , Keevash Peter 
Published: November 2020

The triangle‐free process begins with an empty graph on n vertices and iteratively adds edges chosen uniformly at random subject to the constraint that no triangle is formed. We determine the asymptotic number of edges in the maximal triangle‐free graph at which the triangle‐free process terminates. We also bound the independence number of this graph, which gives an improved lower bound on the Ramsey numbers R(3, t): we show , which is within a 4 + o(1) factor of the best known upper bound. Our improvement on previous analyses of this process exploits the self‐correcting nature of key statistics of the process. Furthermore, we determine which bounded size subgraphs are likely to appear in the maximal triangle‐free graph produced by the triangle‐free process: they are precisely those triangle‐free graphs with density at most 2.
Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles for Investigation of Biofilm Inhibition Property
Authors: Majumdar Moumita , Khan Shamim Ahmed , Nandi Nishithendu Bikash , Roy Shaktibrata , Panja Anindya Sundar , Roy Dijendra Nath , Misra Tarun Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGreen metal nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as efficient biofilm inhibitors.Citrus macroptera(CM) fruit extract mediated iron (Fe) NPs,i. e., CM‐FeNPs were thus synthesized for studying biofilm inhibition property. The shape (spherical), size (12 nm), and crystallinity (α‐Fe0bcc) of the CM‐FeNPs were confirmed by studying mainly Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray Diffractometer (X‐RD) tools. The particles inhibit biofilm growth of a bacteriaPseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) by inhibiting the functions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and virulence factors to ∼80 %. Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the bacteria in presence of the CM‐FeNPs (4600 nM) in combination with azithromycin (AZI) evidence the inhibition of biofilm growth >80 %. Molecular docking studies support experimental findings and result significant negative binding energies (e. g., isoplatydesmine/LasR: −8.25 kcal/mole, isoplatydesmine/MvfR: −7.56 kcal/mole) from bioactive molecules/biofilm proteins interactions. Thus, CM‐FeNPs could be considered as potential biofilm inhibitors, and as an alternative to antibiotic drugs.
Encapsulation of Porphyrin‐Fe/Cu Complexes into Coordination Space for Enhanced Selective Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Aromatic Hydrazides
Authors: Zhang Dongxu , Du Peiyao , Liu Jia , Zhang Ruizhong , Zhang Zhen , Han Zhengang , Chen Jing , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe encapsulation of specific nanoentities into hollow nanomaterials derived from metal organic frameworks has attracted continuous and growing research attentions owing to their unique structural properties and unusual synergistic functions. Herein, using the phase transformation of uniform rhombi dodecahedron ZIF‐67, hollow nano‐shell with a well‐defined morphology is successfully prepared. Particularly, the iron‐oxygen complex, that is formed by the interaction between TCPP‐Fe/Cu (TCPP = tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐porphyrin) and oxygen, can be acted as an ideal proton acceptor for practical organic reactions. Considering the unique adaptability of hollow ZIFs (named HZ) to the transformation of encapsulated TCPP‐Fe/Cu bimetallic catalytic active sites, a heterogeneous catalyst (defined as HZ@TCPP‐Fe/Cu) through morphology‐controlled thermal transformation and rear assemble processes is designed and constructed. Under heterogeneous conditions, HZ@TCPP‐Fe/Cu serves as a multifunctional molecular selector to promote the oxidative dehydrogenation of different aromatic hydrazide derivatives with high selectivity toward primary carbon among primary, secondary, and tertiary carbons that are unachievable by other traditional homogeneous catalysts. The high catalytic activity, selectivity, and recyclability of the catalyst proposed here are attractive advantages for an alternative route to the environmentally benign transformation of aromatic hydrazides to aromatic azobenzene.
Carrier‐Free Platinum Nanomedicine for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Changping , Li Lin , Zhang Song , Yan Yang , Huang Quan , Cai Xiaopan , Xiao Jianru , Cheng Yiyun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous nanomedicines have been developed to improve the efficiency and safety of conventional anticancer drugs; however, the complexities in carrier materials and functional integration make it challenging to promote these candidates for clinical translation. In this study, a facile method to prepare carrier‐free anticancer nanodrug with inherent bone targeting and osteoclastogenesis inhibition capabilities is reported. Phytic acid, a naturally occurring and nontoxic product, is reacted with cisplatin to form uniform nanoparticles of different sizes. The prepared nanoparticles possess high drug loading and pH‐responsive drug release behaviors. Phytic acid in the nanomedicine ensures high bone targeting and osteoclastogenesis inhibition, and the released platinum drugs triggered by tumor extracellular acidity eradicate tumor cells. The nanomedicine around 100 nm shows high anticancer activity and much reduced side effects in a subcutaneous breast cancer model when compared with cisplatin. In addition, it shows high accumulation at osteolytic lesions, and efficiently inhibits tumor growth and tumor‐associated osteolysis in a bone metastatic breast cancer model. Here, a facile and efficient strategy to prepare carrier‐free nanomedicines with high anticancer drug loading, inherent bone targeting, and osteoclast inhibitory activities for cancer therapy is provided.
Pyrolysis Bio-oil and Bio-char Production from Firewood Tree Species for Energy and Carbon Storage in Rural Wooden Houses of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kedir Miftah F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe need for emission reduction for climate management had triggered the application of pyrolysis technology on firewood that yield bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. The purpose of present study was to select the best bio-oil and bio-char producing plants from 17 firewood tree species and to quantify the amount of carbon storage. A dried and 1 mm sieved sample of 150 g biomass of each species was pyrolyzed in assembled setup of tubular furnace using standard laboratory techniques. The bio-oil and bio-char yields were 21.1–42.87% (w/w) and 23.23–36.40% (w/w), respectively. The bio-oil yield of Acacia seyal, Dodonea angustifolia, Euclea schimperi, Eucalyptus globulus, Casuarina equisetifolia, and Grevillea robusta were over 36% (w/w), which make the total yield of bio-oil and bio-char over 62% (w/w) of the biomass samples instead of the 12% conversion efficiency in traditional carbonization. The calorific value of firewood was 16.31–19.66 MJ kg–1 and bio-oil was 23.3–33.37 MJ kg–1. The use of bio-oil for household energy and bio-char for carbon storage reduced end use emission by 71.48–118.06%, which could increase adaptation to climate change in comparison to open stove firewood by using clean fuel and reducing indoor pollution.
Materiality and literature: an introduction
Authors: Bremer Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe field of materiality and literature can be differenciated in two directions. Materiality of literature refers to book design, printing formats and typography. Materialty in literature, however, analyzes the way, ‘things that speak’ are integrated in fictional and non-fictional texts. The introduction reflects the international critical discussion of the field in the last years and situates the contributions of this number in it.
ACCAPA: anomalous circumflex coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery
Authors: Veeram Reddy Surendranath R. , Herbert Carrie E. , Zellers Thomas M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnomalous circumflex coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery is a very rare congenital heart disease. Misdiagnosis of this condition may lead to inadequate myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
Biomarkers and performance status as predictors of 30-day mortality in malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) Patients
Authors: Cameron Josie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a serious condition requiring urgent palliative radiotherapy to alleviate symptoms and avoid permanent paralysis. The aim of this project was to analyse the 30-day mortality rate post-palliative radiotherapy for MSCC patients to identify if radiotherapy can be safely omitted or the fractionation reduced in the poor prognosis group (patients likely to die within 30 days) by biomarkers and performance status (PS).Methods:A retrospective audit was performed (July–December 2019) and data on treatment duration, date of death, biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin) and PS were collected using hospital patient management systems.Results:Hundred and one patients received palliative radiotherapy for MSCC in the 6-month period. The number of patients who died within 30 days was 17, representing 16·8% mortality rate. Rising CRP levels and poor PS indicated a poorer prognosis in this patient group.Conclusion:Monitoring biomarkers and PS as standard throughout patients’ treatment is recommended to assess disease progression. Worsening PS and high CRP is an indicator of poor prognosis and early death, and therefore omission of treatment or a single fraction of radiotherapy is recommended.
Structural Coupling Between the Qiman Tagh and the Qaidam Basin, Northern Tibetan Plateau: A Perspective From the Yingxiong Range by Integrating Field Mapping, Seismic Imaging, and Analogue Modeling
Authors: Huang Kai , Wu Lei , Zhang Junyong , Zhang Yongshu , Xiao Ancheng , Lin Xiubin , Wang Liqun , Chen Hanlin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Qiman Tagh and the Qaidam Basin within the northern Tibetan Plateau are contrasting in geomorphological, geological, and geophysical features. The Yingxiong Range is the largest anticlinal belt in the SW Qaidam Basin and holds a key in understanding the relationship between the above two tectonic units. Herein, we investigated the geometry, shortening, timing and mechanism of the structural deformation across the Yingxiong Range by integrating field mapping, interpretation of 3‐D/2‐D seismic reflection data and analogue modeling. The structural interpretation demonstrates that the Yingxiong Range is primarily controlled by NE‐directed basement‐involved reverse faults. These faults likely sole into a décollement layer at depth of ~15 km through the excess area‐depth analysis. This pattern is complicated by the development of a local salt layer that decouples the deformation of underlying and overlying strata, as indicated by analogue modeling. Deformation initially occurred at ~8.1 Ma but strengthened at ~2.5 Ma, with total shortening up to ~5 km in the NW part but decreasing to <2 km to the SE. Together with published results, our findings revealed an NE‐directed thrust system involving the Qiman Tagh and the SW Qaidam Basin, with the Yingxiong Range as the front of this system. We further inferred that this NE‐directed thrust system in the upper crust, together with the previously identified SW‐directed deep reverse fault offsetting the Moho, may form a southwestward tapering tectonic wedge, which likely results from the heterogeneity of lithospheric mantle between the Qaidam Basin and the Qiman Tagh‐East Kunlun Shan.
Inactivation of mediator complex protein 22 in podocytes results in intracellular vacuole formation, podocyte loss and premature death
Authors: Rodriguez Patricia Q. , Unnersjö-Jess David , Zambrano Sonia S. , Guo Jing , Möller-Hackbarth Katja , Blom Hans , Jahnukainen Timo , Ebarasi Lwaki , Patrakka Jaakko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPodocytes are critical for the maintenance of kidney ultrafiltration barrier and play a key role in the progression of glomerular diseases. Although mediator complex proteins have been shown to be important for many physiological and pathological processes, their role in kidney tissue has not been studied. In this study, we identified a mediator complex protein 22 (Med22) as a renal podocyte cell-enriched molecule. Podocyte-specific Med22 knockout mouse showed that Med22 was not needed for normal podocyte maturation. However, it was critical for the maintenance of podocyte health as the mice developed progressive glomerular disease and died due to renal failure. Detailed morphological analyses showed that Med22-deficiency in podocytes resulted in intracellular vacuole formation followed by podocyte loss. Moreover, Med22-deficiency in younger mice promoted the progression of glomerular disease, suggesting Med22-mediated processes may have a role in the development of glomerulopathies. This study shows for the first time that mediator complex has a critical role in kidney physiology.
Streptomyces sp. strain TOR3209: a rhizosphere bacterium promoting growth of tomato by affecting the rhizosphere microbial community
Authors: Hu Dong , Li Shuhong , Li Ying , Peng Jieli , Wei Xiaoyan , Ma Jia , Zhang Cuimian , Jia Nan , Wang Entao , Wang Zhanwu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAiming at revealing the possible mechanism of its growth promoting effect on tomato, the correlations amongStreptomycessp. TOR3209 inoculation, rhizobacteriome, and tomato growth/production traits were investigated in this study. By analyses of Illumina sequencing and plate coating, differences in rhizosphere microbial communities were found in different growth stages and distinct inoculation treatments. The plant biomass/fruit yields and relative abundances of familiesFlavobacteriaceae,Sphingobacteriaceae,PolyangiaceaeandEnterobacteriaceaein treatments T (tomato inoculated with TOR3209) and TF (tomato inoculated with TOR3209 + organic fertilizer) were higher than that in the controls (CK and CK+ organic fertilizer), respectively. The analysis of Metastats and LEfSe revealed that the generaFlavobacteriumandSorangiumin seedling stage,Klebsiellain flowering stage,Collimonasin early fruit setting stage, and generaMicrococcaceae,PontibacteandAdhaeribacterin late fruit setting stage were the most representative rhizobacteria that positively responded to TOR3209 inoculation. By cultivation method, five bacterial strains positively correlated to TOR3209 inoculation were isolated from rhizosphere and root endosphere, which were identified as tomato growth promoters affiliated toEnterobactersp.,Arthrobactersp.,Bacillus subtilis, Rhizobiumsp. andBacillus velezensis. In pot experiment, TOR3209 andB. velezensisWSW007 showed joint promotion to tomato production, while the abundance of inoculated TOR3209 was dramatically decreased in rhizosphere along the growth of tomato. Conclusively, TOR3209 might promote the tomato production via changing of microbial community in rhizosphere. These findings provide a better understanding of the interactions among PGPR in plant promotion.
Morphological differentiation across the invasive range in Senecio madagascariensis populations
Authors: Dematteis Bruno , Ferrucci María S. , Coulleri Juan P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvasive species are characterized by their ability to colonize new habitats and establish populations away from their native range. In this sense, these plants are expected to have plastic responses to adapt to the environmental pressures during the invasion process. Hence, the role of natural selection is essential because it might favor the occurrence of advantageous traits. However, gene flow can counteract natural selection because immigrants introduce genes adapted to different conditions, with these introductions tending to homogenize allelic frequencies. In this work, we explore the effect of natural selection in invasive populations of S. madagascariensis in Argentina. We quantified leaf area, head number, and length of internodes and inflorescence from material spanning 54 years (1962–2016) and then compared between the edge versus established ranges. Our results show differences in all the measured plant traits among the sampled areas. However, only leaf area was statistically significant, which evidences different responses under the same environmental pressures in the areas located in the edge and established ranges. On the other hand, unlike homogeneous areas, the areas characterized by phenotypically diverse individuals were related to higher dispersal ability. In this sense, long-distance dispersal between neighboring areas may have had an important role in the recorded values. Furthermore, the implications of natural selection and founder effect in the invasion of S. madagascariensis are discussed.
Noise-induced transitions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in CMIP5 models
Authors: Castellana Daniele , Dijkstra Henk A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBy studying transition probabilities of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in an ensemble of CMIP5 climate models, we revisit one of the stability indicators of the AMOC, i.e. the freshwater transport carried by the AMOC at the southern boundary of the Atlantic basin. A correction to this indicator, based on the transition probabilities, is suggested to measure whether an AMOC state is in a multiple equilibrium regime or not. As a consequence, the AMOC of all CMIP5 models considered is in a multiple equilibrium regime and hence, in principle, a collapsed AMOC state should exist in each of these models. The results further demonstrate the dependence of the Atlantic surface freshwater flux on the AMOC and the impact of extreme events in the AMOC on temperatures in the North Atlantic region.