bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reciprocal relationship between body mass index categories and physical fitness: A 4‐year prospective cohort study of 20 000 Chinese children
Authors: Ho Frederick K. , So Hung‐Kwan , Wong Rosa S. , Tung Keith T. S. , Louie Lobo H. T. , Tung Joanna , Mirpuri Sheena , Chow Bik , Wong Wilfred H. S. , Lee Albert , Ip Patrick 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIntroductionBody mass index (BMI) categories and physical fitness are associated but the reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness.MethodsThis is a population‐based 4‐year cohort study in 48 elementary schools. Children aged 6 to 9 years at recruitment were included. BMI categories and physical fitness including handgrip strength, core muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured using standard equipment and protocol.ResultsAmong 26 392 eligible participants, 19 504 (73.9%) were successfully followed for 3 years. Baseline obesity prevalence was 5.9%. After 3 years, those who were unfit at baseline had an increased risk of obesity (risk ratio [RR] 1.41, 95% CI 1.16‐1.71, P < .001) and those who were fit at baseline had a decreased risk of obesity (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60‐0.80, P < .001) compared with moderately fit children. Furthermore, improvement of fitness predicted decreased risk of obesity. Similarly, normal body weight also predicted better physical fitness. The path analysis confirmed a strong reciprocal relationship between physical fitness and obesity.ConclusionsBetter physical fitness was prospectively associated with normal weight and vice versa. Physically fit children were more likely to maintain a healthy weight and those with a healthy weight were more likely to be physically fit, which is important for healthy development.
Effectiveness of an avatar educational application for improving heart failure patients’ knowledge and self‐care behaviors: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wonggom Parichat , Nolan Paul , Clark Robyn A. , Barry Tracey , Burdeniuk Christine , Nesbitt Katie , O'Toole Kathryn , Du Huiyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of education using avatars for improving patients’ heart failure knowledge and self‐care.BackgroundA lack of knowledge and self‐care contributes to poor outcomes and rehospitalization for people with heart failure.DesignA multi‐centred, non‐blinded pragmatic randomized controlled trial.MethodsHeart failure patients were randomly assigned to intervention (avatar education application) or usual care groups. Participants were followed up at baseline, 30 and 90 days. ANCOVA was used to compare the scores of heart failure knowledge and self‐care, between the two groups. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the two groups’ heart failure‐cause readmission. Bivariate exact binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors associated with baseline levels of knowledge.ResultsA total of 36 participants were recruited (between October 2018 ‐ March 2019). The mean age of participants was 67.5 (SD 11.3) years. At enrolment, approximately half (47.2%) have been living with Heart Failure for over 5 years. Two groups were comparable at baseline in their demographic and clinical characteristics. At 90 days, the intervention group participants had a higher increase in knowledge score on the Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scales compared with the control group (22.2% versus 3.7% P = .002, partial η2 = 0.262, 95% CI −2.755 to −0.686). There was no between‐group difference observed at 30‐ or 90‐day follow‐up, on self‐care behaviour (Self‐care of heart failure index) or healthcare use. Overall satisfaction with the avatar app was 91.3%.ConclusionThe addition of a co‐designed avatar app to usual care improved knowledge in our group of Heart Failure participants at 30 days and continued to increase up to 90 days. The results suggest that our avatar app was perceived as an enjoyable and engaging means of delivering critical knowledge and self‐care information.ImpactHeart failure is associated with poor clinical outcomes (i.e., readmission rates and mortality rate) and substantial economic burden. The effectiveness of Heart Failure patient education using avatar have not been investigated previously. In this study, the avatar app improved knowledge and self‐care behaviours. This innovation could be used at the bedside, at home by nurses, patients and families.Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Trial Registry ACTRN12617001403325.
Negotiating Brexit: The Cultural Sources of British Hard Bargaining
Authors: Martill Benjamin , Staiger Uta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThough the UK is weaker than the EU on key metrics of bargaining power, the British approach to the first phase of the Brexit negotiations has been characterized by hard bargaining. Efforts to explain this puzzle have focused on constraints at the domestic level, but have not engaged with the cultural sources of bargaining style highlighted by constructivist scholars. Drawing on a series of interviews, this article suggests a number of cultural factors have influenced the UK's decision to adopt a hard bargaining strategy, including the country's majoritarian institutional culture, its weak socialization into the EU, overstated perceptions of its own capabilities, the prevailing conservative political ideology, and a longstanding preference for ‘divide and rule’ diplomatic strategies. Our findings suggest not only that the UK's choice of negotiating strategy is sub‐optimal but also that theories of bargaining need to pay attention to cultural factors predisposing actors to particular strategies.
Nasogastric tube feeding in line with new dietetic guidelines for the treatment of anorexia nervosa in a specialist children and adolescent inpatient unit: a case series
Authors: Falcoski P. , Philpot U. , Tan J. , Hudson L. D. , Fuller S. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study reports a case series where three adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) (two cases with typical AN and one case atypical AN) received nasogastric tube feeding under restraint in line with new dietetic clinical guidelines.MethodsThree cases were chosen out of 61 admitted patients over the period of 1 year who were fed via a nasogastric tube under restraint in a specialist eating disorders unit for children and adolescents. These cases were chosen to highlight a range of clinical scenarios that clinicians may encounter. They also represent clinical scenarios where decisions to feed patients under restraint were rendered more complex by additional concerns.ResultsDespite the complexity of the cases, all patients tolerated the feeds well and were discharged home eating solid food.ConclusionsThe decision to feed a patient against their will is never an easy one. Sadly, there have been some recent high‐profile deaths of adult patients on medical wards where treatment opinion was not considered, and the patient received no or minimal nutrition when awaiting specialist treatment. Dietetic guidelines have been published to help inform clinicians for whom feeding under restraint may be out of the scope of their daily practice. This case series highlights clinical scenarios that illustrate the utility of the guidelines, which we hope will support clinicians when making, potentially lifesaving decisions in children and young people.
WRKY transcription factors WRKY12 and WRKY13 interact with SPL10 to modulate age‐mediated flowering
Authors: Ma Zhenbing , Li Wei , Wang Houping , Yu Diqiu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWRKY12 and WRKY13 are two WRKY transcription factors that play important roles in the control of flowering time under short‐day (SD) conditions. The temporally regulated expression of WRKY12 and WRKY13 indicates that they may be involved in the age‐mediated flowering pathway. However, their roles in this pathway are poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcription of WRKY12 and WRKY13 is directly regulated by SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING–LIKE 10 (SPL10), a transcription factor downstream of the age pathway. Binding and activation analyses revealed that SPL10 functions as a positive regulator of WRKY12 and a negative regulator of WRKY13. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that WRKY12 and WRKY13 physically interact with SPL10 and that both of them bind to the promoter of miR172b. Thus, the WRKY12‐SPL10 and WRKY13‐SPL10 interactions facilitate and inhibit SPL10 transcriptional function, respectively, to regulate miR172b expression. Together, our results show that WRKY12 and WRKY13 participate in the control of age‐mediated flowering under SD conditions though physically interacting with SPLs and co‐regulating the target gene miR172b.
Cancer diagnoses among older people with intellectual disability compared with the general population: a national register study
Authors: Satgé D. , Axmon A. , Trétarre B. , Sandberg M. , Ahlström G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer occurrence among older people with intellectual disability (ID) is poorly documented, so we investigated the frequency and distribution of cancer in older people with ID compared with the general population.MethodPeople with ID who were ≥55years old and alive at the end of 2012 (n = 7936; ID cohort) were identified through a national register of people with ID who received social services in Sweden to optimise the individual's opportunity for good living conditions in daily life. An equally large reference cohort from the general population (gPop cohort) was matched by year of birth and sex. Cancer diagnoses registered in inpatient and outpatient specialist care were collected for 2002–2012 from the ID cohort and compared with diagnoses in the gPop cohort.ResultsA lower total cancer frequency was observed in the ID cohort, which contained 555 cancers, compared with 877 cancers in the gPop cohort [odds ratio (OR): 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.70]. Women accounted for 60% of cancers in the ID cohort. Breast and gynaecological organ cancers had similar or slightly lower frequencies in the ID cohort than in the general population, with breast OR of 0.95, uterine corpus OR of 1.00 and ovary OR of 0.73. Surprisingly, cancer frequency of the digestive organs (OR: 0.67), including the colon (OR: 0.82), was lower than in the general population. Cancers of the prostate (OR: 0.25), urinary tract (OR: 0.42) and lung were less frequent than in the general population.ConclusionsCancer was diagnosed less frequently in the ID cohort than in the gPop cohort. However, cancers of the breast and colon‐rectum remain frequent in people with ID and therefore warrant prevention policies, monitoring and screening similar to those of the general population.
Association between painful temporomandibular disorders and sleep quality: A systematic review
Authors: Dreweck Fabiana Dias Simas , Soares Simone , Duarte Joyce , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues , De Luca Canto Graziela , Luís Porporatti André 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review aimed to systematically evaluate the association between painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and sleep quality in adults. Observational case‐control studies using either RDC/TMD or DC/TMD for TMD diagnostic and validated questionnaires for sleep quality were selected by two reviewers in a two‐phase process. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Grey literature (ProQuest, Google Scholar and OpenGrey). To be eligible, studies had to include adults (>18 years old), with no language, gender or time of publication restrictions. The quality of the papers was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). Eight case‐control studies were included, with high (4) and moderate (4) quality assessment. Seven studies reported a significant association between the presence of painful TMD and sleep quality (P < .05), while the other found impaired sleep in participants with higher sensitivity to heat pain (P < .001). When pain levels were concerned, using different pain scales, six studies found differences when compared to control groups. One study showed that in non‐painful TMD, the PSQI values were not different when compared to the control group. An association exists between painful TMD and sleep quality. The presence of pain seems to strongly impact the sleep quality in TMD patients.
Extensively expanded murine‐induced hepatic stem cells maintain high‐efficient hepatic differentiation potential for repopulation of injured livers
Authors: Yu Bing , Li Hengyu , Chen Jie , He Zhiying , Sun Haixiang , Yang Guangshun , Shang Changzhen , Wang Xin , Li Chuanjiang , Chen Yajin , Hu Yiping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground & AimShortage of donor hepatocytes limits hepatocyte transplantation for clinical application. Induced hepatic stem cells (iHepSCs) have capacities of self‐renewal and bipotential differentiations. Here, we investigated whether iHepSCs could be extensively expanded, and whether they could differentiate into sufficient functional hepatocytes as donors for transplantation therapy after their extensive expansions.MethodsMurine extensively expanded iHepSCs (50‐55 passages) were induced to differentiate into iHepSC‐Heps under a chemically defined condition. iHepSC‐Heps were proved for carrying morphological hepatocyte characters and hepatocytic functions including low‐density lipoprotein uptake, glycogen storage, CLF secretion, ICG uptake and release, Alb secretion, urea synthesis and metabolism‐relative gene expressions respectively. Next, both iHepSCs and iHepSC‐Heps were transplanted into Fah‐/‐ mice respectively. Both liver repopulation and alleviation of liver function were compared between two transplantation groups.ResultsMurine iHepSCs still maintained the capacities of self‐renewal and bipotential differentiations after extensive expansion. The efficiency for the functional hepatocyte differentiation from extensively expanded iHepSCs reached to 72.64%. Transplantations of both extensively expanded iHepSCs and iHepSC‐Heps resulted in liver engraftment in Fah‐/‐ mice. Survival rate of Fah‐/‐ mice recipients and level of liver repopulation were 50% and 20.32 ± 4.58% respectively in iHepSC‐Heps group, while 33% and 10.4 ± 4.3% in iHepSCs group.ConclusionsExtensively expanded iHepSCs can efficiently differentiate into hepatocytes in chemical defined medium. Transplantation of iHepSC‐Heps was more effective and more efficient than transplantation of iHepSCs in Fah‐/‐ mice. Our results suggested an innovative system to obtain sufficient hepatocytes through hepatic differentiation of iHepSCs generated by lineage reprogramming.
New insights into bsr‐d1‐mediated broad‐spectrum resistance to rice blast
Authors: Zhu Ziwei , Yin Junjie , Chern Mawsheng , Zhu Xiaobo , Yang Chao , He Kaiwei , Liu Yuchen , He Min , Wang Jing , Song Li , Wang Long , Wei Yingjie , Wang Jichun , Liu Jiali , Qing Hai , Bi Yu , Li Mingwu , Hu Kun , Qi Tuo , Hou Qingqing , Chen Xuewei , Li Weitao 
Published: May 2020

Abstractbsr‐d1, an allele encoding a transcription factor identified from the rice cultivar Digu, confers durable, broad‐spectrum resistance to infections by strains of Magnaporthe oryzae. bsr‐d1 was predicted to inhibit M. oryzae‐induced expression of Bsr‐d1 RNA and degradation of hydrogen peroxide to achieve resistance to M. oryzae. However, the global effect of biological process and molecular function on blast resistance mediated by Bsr‐d1 remains unknown. In this study, we compared transcriptomic profiling between Bsr‐d1 knockout (Bsr‐d1KO) lines and the wild type, TP309. Our study revealed that bsr‐d1 mainly regulates the redox state of plant cells, but also affects amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. We further found that BSR‐D1 indirectly regulates salicylic acid biosynthesis, metabolism, and signal transduction downstream of the activation of H2O2 signalling in the bsr‐d1‐mediated immune response. Furthermore, we identified a novel peroxidase‐encoding gene, Perox3, as a new BSR‐D1 target gene that reduces resistance to M. oryzae when overexpressed in TP309. These results provide new insights into the bsr‐d1‐mediated blast resistance.
Efficiency of six different octenol‐baited traps for collecting horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae)
Authors: Bučanović T. , Kovačević J. , Krčmar S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe efficiency and the potential species preference for six different horsefly trap types was studied. A total of 2401 horseflies were collected during this study. The most effective trap was the modified box trap with (27.9%), followed by the Nzi trap with (24.5%), Malaise trap (Townes design 1972) with (22.5)%, canopy trap with (17.9%), modified small canopy trap with (7.0%) and Malaise trap (Townes design 1962) with (0.2%). The Nzi and Malaise trap (Townes design 1972) did not differ significantly in the number of collected horseflies. The comparison of all other traps revealed significant differences in the number of collected horseflies.Tabanus bromiuswas the most abundant species with (58.6%) of the collected sample. The modified box trap was the most successful in collecting ofT. bromius, while the Malaise trap (Townes design 1972) was the most successful in collecting the speciesHaematopota pluvialis,T. maculicornisandT. tergestinus. This study demonstrated that different trap designs influenced the quantity, species and taxonomic diversity of horseflies that were collected. Variables in the trap design included cloth type and colour and size and shape of trap. More detailed studies should be done to determine which factor or factors are most significant.
Non‐inasive vagus nerve stimulation—Hope or hype?
Authors: Farmer Adam D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe vagus nerve is the tenth and longest of the cranial nerves, whose course runs from the brainstem to the splenic flexure. It is the main neural substrate of the parasympathetic nervous system and has both afferent and efferent pathways, although the former predominate (80%). An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated it has a central role in modulating gastrointestinal pain, inflammation, and motility. Within this issue of the Journal, Gottfried‐Blackmore and colleagues report the results from an open‐label pilot study examining the role of non‐invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in idiopathic gastroparesis. This mini review provides a contemporaneous summary of the current methods by which non‐invasive VNS can be achieved, its potential indications within the field particularly with respect to gastroparesis. In addition, this review also addresses some of the pitfalls and propose the outstanding questions which may inform and guide the future research agenda.
Devastating intimacy: the cell biology of plant–Phytophthora interactions
Authors: Boevink Petra C. , Birch Paul R. J. , Turnbull Dionne , Whisson Stephen C. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryAn understanding of the cell biology underlying the burgeoning molecular genetic and genomic knowledge of oomycete pathogenicity is essential to gain the full context of how these pathogens cause disease on plants. An intense research focus on secreted Phytophthora effector proteins, especially those containing a conserved N‐terminal RXLR motif, has meant that most cell biological studies into Phytophthora diseases have focussed on the effectors and their host target proteins. While these effector studies have provided novel insights into effector secretion and host defence mechanisms, there remain many unanswered questions about fundamental processes involved in spore biology, host penetration and haustorium formation and function.
A Phytophthora effector protein promotes symplastic cell‐to‐cell trafficking by physical interaction with plasmodesmata‐localised callose synthases
Authors: Tomczynska Iga , Stumpe Michael , Doan Tu Giang , Mauch Felix 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Pathogen effectors act as disease promoting factors that target specific host proteins with roles in plant immunity. Here, we investigated the function of the RxLR3 effector of the plant‐pathogen Phytophthora brassicae.

Arabidopsis plants expressing a FLAG‐RxLR3 fusion protein were used for co‐immunoprecipitation followed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to identify host targets of RxLR3. Fluorescently labelled fusion proteins were used for analysis of subcellular localisation and function of RxLR3.

Three closely related members of the callose synthase family, CalS1, CalS2 and CalS3, were identified as targets of RxLR3. RxLR3 co‐localised with the plasmodesmal marker protein PDLP5 (PLASMODESMATA‐LOCALISED PROTEIN 5) and with plasmodesmata‐associated deposits of the β‐1,3‐glucan polymer callose. In line with a function as an inhibitor of plasmodesmal callose synthases (CalS) enzymes, callose depositions were reduced and cell‐to‐cell trafficking was promoted in the presence of RxLR3.

Plasmodesmal callose deposition in response to infection was compared with wild‐type suppressed in RxLR3‐expressing Arabidopsis lines. Our results implied a virulence function of the RxLR3 effector as a positive regulator of plasmodesmata transport and provided evidence for competition between P. brassicae and Arabidopsis for control of cell‐to‐cell trafficking.
Genetic progress of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines for disease resistance
Authors: Alves Natália Botega , Balestre Marcio , Pennacchi João Paulo , Nunes Fernandes Monique Caroline , Goulart Castro Douglas , Barbosa Silva Botelho Flávia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rice crop is affected by diseases throughout its cycle, impacting negatively on grain yield and quality. The control of the disease impact can be accomplished via crop breeding, using highly multiple resistant genotypes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multiple‐character and specific selection of multiple resistance to major culture‐associated diseases (neck blast, leaf scald and grain discoloration) in rice lines of the Upland Rice Genetic Breeding Program. The experiments were conducted in 35 sites during 12 agricultural years, where 124 lines were evaluated for the severity of fungal diseases, under natural field conditions. Multiple parameters were calculated based on the diseases´ scores: genetic, phenotypic and environmental variances, heritability, selection gain, renewal rate, and genetic and renewal progress. Genetic variance for the disease resistance was identified in the population, and the selection gain for multiple‐character selection was of 3.16 year−1 throughout the breeding process with a renewal rate of over 35%. The programme has showed efficiency in selecting multiple resistant genotypes to the mentioned diseases, highlighting genotypes with high potential for market release.
Mutagenic treatment of microspore‐derived embryos of turnip rape (Brassica rapa) to increase oleic acid content
Authors: Daurova Ainash , Daurov Dias , Volkov Dmitryi , Karimov Aibek , Abai Zhandos , Raimbek Daniyar , Zhapar Kuanish , Zhambakin Kabyl , Shamekova Malika 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe article presents the results of a study on obtaining mutant doubled haploids of turnip rape. The culture medium for producing embryos in isolated microspore culture was optimized. The optimal medium formula was NLN + 13% S + 0.05 mg/L NAA + 0.05 mg/L BA. Embryos derived from isolated microspore culture were treated with EMS mutagen in three concentrations (4 mM, 8 mM, and 12 mM). Mutant doubled haploid plants and their seeds were obtained. Agronomic evaluation and analysis of fatty acid composition in mutant lines seeds showed that they had valuable traits in terms of seed oil quality and yield. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the seeds of the obtained mutant doubled haploids showed an increase in the percentage of oleic acid (~11%–12%) in comparison with donor cultivars. Our results showed that mutagenesis of embryos from a culture of isolated microspores has potential for improving the qualitative traits of turnip rape.