bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dipeptides in CSF and plasma: diagnostic and therapeutic potential in neurological diseases
Authors: Küper Katharina , Poschet Gernot , Rossmann Julia , Garbade Sven F. , Spiegelhalter Alexander , Wen Dan , Hoffmann Georg F. , Schmitt Claus P. , Opladen Thomas , Peters Verena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDipeptides (DPs), composed of two amino acids (AAs), hold significant therapeutic potential but remain underexplored. Given the crucial role of AAs in central nervous system (CNS) function, this study investigated the presence of DPs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their correlation with corresponding AAs, potentially indicating their role as AA donors. Plasma and CSF samples were collected from 43 children with neurological or metabolic conditions of unknown origin, including 23 with epilepsy. A panel of 33 DPs was quantified using UPLC-MS/MS. Out of 33 DPs, 18 were detectable in CSF and 20 in plasma, displaying high inter-individual variance. Gly-Asp, Gly-Pro, and Ala-Glu were consistently found in all CSF samples, while only Gly-Asp was universally detectable in plasma. Anserine and carnosine were prominent in CSF and plasma, respectively, with no other histidine-containing DPs observed. Generally, DP concentrations were higher in plasma than in CSF; however, anserine and Gly-Pro had similar concentrations in both fluids. Significant correlations were observed between specific DPs and their corresponding AAs in CSF (Gly-Glu, Gly-Pro and Ser-Gln) and plasma (Glu-Glu and Glu-Ser). Notably, patients with epilepsy had elevated medium anserine concentrations in CSF. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of numerous DPs in CSF and plasma. Further research is needed to determine if DP patterns can support the diagnosis of neurological diseases and whether DP administration can modulate amino acid availability in the brain, potentially offering new therapeutic options, such as for defects in the amino acid transporter.
Single-visit endodontic treatment under general anaesthesia in adult and adolescent patients with special needs: a systematic review
Authors: El-Sayed Shirin , Petrovic Jelena , Frese Cornelia , Sekundo Caroline 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo improve dental care for individuals with special needs, it is crucial to understand the effectiveness of endodontic treatments under general anaesthesia. This systematic review explores the feasibility, prognostic factors, and outcomes of root canal treatment and pulpotomy performed under general anaesthesia in adult and adolescent patients with special needs. A comprehensive search of Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases was conducted until July 2024. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Among the 637 initially identified studies, 5 met the inclusion criteria. Treatment outcomes, radiographic findings, and clinical survival rates were evaluated. Root canal treatment success rates ranged from 81.5 to 90% over a minimum observation period of 12 months. Survival rates varied from 87.7% (9 year cumulative survival rate) to 89.8% (5 year survival rate). One study showed a lower failure risk in endodontic treatment under general anaesthesia compared to local anaesthesia. Another study found no significant difference in root canal treatment quality between general and local anaesthesia. Influencing factors identified by multivariate regression analyses included soft diet, periodontal status, oral hygiene status, pulp vitality, and length of root canal filling. Limited evidence suggests that endodontic treatment under general anaesthesia is feasible and can yield favourable outcomes in patients with special needs. However, the scarcity of studies and concerns about publication bias and methodological limitations emphasize the need for further research.
Fronto-orbital advancement with patient-specific 3D-printed implants and robot-guided laser osteotomy: an in vitro accuracy assessment
Authors: Maintz Michaela , Desan Nora , Sharma Neha , Beinemann Jörg , Beyer Michel , Seiler Daniel , Honigmann Philipp , Soleman Jehuda , Guzman Raphael , Cattin Philippe C. , Thieringer Florian M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The use of computer-assisted virtual surgical planning (VSP) for craniosynostosis surgery is gaining increasing implementation in the clinics. However, accurately transferring the preoperative planning data to the operating room remains challenging. We introduced and investigated a fully digital workflow to perform fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) surgery using 3D-printed patient-specific implants (PSIs) and cold-ablation robot-guided laser osteotomy. This novel approach eliminates the need for traditional surgical templates while enhancing precision and customization, offering a more streamlined and efficient surgical process.

Methods
Computed tomography data of a patient with craniosynostosis were used to digitally reconstruct the skull and to perform VSP of the FOA. In total, six PSIs per skull were 3D-printed with a medical-grade bioresorbable composite using the Arburg Plastic Freeforming technology. The planned osteotomy paths and the screw holes, including their positions and axis angles, were digitally transferred to the cold-ablation robot-guided osteotome interface. The osteotomies were performed on 3D-printed patient skull models. The implants, osteotomy and final FOA results were scanned and compared to the VSP data.

Results
The osteotomy deviations for the skulls indicated an overall maximum distance of 1.7 mm, a median deviation of 0.44 mm, and a maximum root mean square (RMS) error of 0.67 mm. The deviation of the point-to-point surface comparison of the FOA with the VSP data resulted in a median accuracy of 1.27 mm. Accessing the orbital cavity with the laser remained challenging.

Conclusion
This in vitro study showcases a novel FOA technique by effectively combining robot-guided laser osteotomy with 3D-printed patient-specific implants, eliminating the need for surgical templates and achieving high accuracy in bone cutting and positioning. The workflow holds promise for reducing preoperative planning time and increasing surgical efficiency. Further studies on bone tissue are required to validate the safety and effectiveness of this approach, especially in addressing the challenges of pediatric craniofacial surgery.
New Properties of Holomorphic Sobolev–Hardy Spaces
Authors: Gryc William , Lanzani Loredana , Xiong Jue , Zhang Yuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We give new characterizations of the optimal data space for the

$$L^p(bD,\sigma )$$

L
p

(
b
D
,
σ
)

-Neumann boundary value problem for the

$$\bar{\partial }$$

∂

¯

operator associated to a bounded, Lipschitz domain

$$D\subset \mathbb {C}$$

D
⊂
C

.
We show that the solution space is embedded (as a Banach space) in the Dirichlet space and that for

$$p=2$$

p
=
2

, the solution space is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space.
Different people, equally bound by water? – the lower Don region of the 18th and 19th century as a riparian society
Authors: Abeßer Michel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the concept of riparian societies as a framework for interaction between the Don river and different neighbouring communities that emerged at the end of the 18th century, namely the Don-Cossacks, a military estate, and a growing number of Ukrainian peasants that migrated to the region since the late 17th century. While close in proximity, each community was organised by a different set of privileges and a particular socio-economic order, resembling the Russian “empire of difference” in miniature. At the turn of the 19th century, a high density of political, administrative, cultural, and economic boundaries shaped the lower Don area. The paper argues that differing from the artificial administrative imperial creation of the Don-Cossack territory and the governorate of Ekaterinoslav from above that overlapped in this region, the river liquefied social, economic, and political borders set from above, and helped to create a particular region whose diverse inhabitants formed a unique riparian society at its shores. This approach follows the trend in recent research on Eurasian empires, according to which imperial regions are not solely shaped as administrative creations “from above”, but develop from an interplay of trade, migration networks and historical geography. Behind the façade of a contradictory social and ethnic order, the lower Don territory transformed into a genuine region defined less by imperial boundaries but by a shared and often fluid set of challenges and promises of the river to its inhabitants. Thus, the paper argues for stronger attention towards the nexus between ecology and empire that not only defined agricultural production or migration, but peculiar social and ethnic orders on the peripheries of the Empire.
Erhebung der Punktprävalenz der Schmerzbelastung von Patienten in einem Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung: Flashmob-Studie
Authors: Cegla Thomas , Graf Katharina , van der Vlugt Simone , Wilke Laura , Hyun Simone , Schmiedl Sven 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schmerzen sind ein relevantes und häufiges Problem in der Gesundheitsversorgung im Krankenhaus. Trotz des Vorhandensein von Maßnahmen zur Schmerzbehandlung (z. B. Akutschmerzdienste) und mehreren Veröffentlichungen zum Thema der Akutschmerztherapie im Krankenhaus, gibt es nur wenige Daten zur tatsächlichen Punktprävalenz und Schmerzbelastung der Patienten.

Ziel der Arbeit
Um potenziell nicht adäquat behandelte Schmerzen bei Krankenhauspatienten zu quantifizieren, wurde eine Querschnitterhebung in Form einer Flashmob-Studie durchgeführt. Dabei wurde die Schmerzintensität aller Patienten in einem Universitätskrankenhaus der Maximalversorgung gemäß der numerischen Ratingskala (NRS) analysiert.

Methode
An einem vorher festgelegten Tag wurden den Patienten ein Informationsblatt und der Fragebogen anonym ausgehändigt. Intensivpatienten und Patienten, die sich am Studientag einer Operation oder anderen Eingriffen unterziehen mussten, wurden ausgeschlossen. Die Patienten wurden gebeten, ihr Alter, ihr Geschlecht und ihre Schmerzintensität auf der NRS (0–10) zum festgelegten Zeitpunkt anzugeben.

Ergebnisse
Von 607 geeigneten hospitalisierten Patienten füllten 315 die NRS aus. Von diesen 315 Patienten hatten 59,7 % schwache Schmerzen (NRS 0–2), 35,2 % mittlere Schmerzen (NRS 3–7) und 5,1 % starke Schmerzen (NRS 8–10). Somit lag der Anteil der Patienten mit behandlungsbedürftigen Schmerzen (NRS > 2) bei 40,3 %. Der Anteil der Patienten mit leichten Schmerzen war bei beiden Geschlechtern ähnlich hoch (Männer: 60,8 %, Frauen 58,3 %).

Schlussfolgerung
Eine relevante Anzahl von Patienten litt unter mäßigen oder starken Schmerzen. Um einen Überblick über die Schmerzsituation in einem Krankenhaus zu erhalten, ist eine Flashmob-Studie eine sinnvolle erste und kostengünstige Option.
A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Minimally Invasive Hernia Repair: Historical Milestones to Modern Clinical Practice
Authors: Arrey Eliel , Young Tatyana , Alford Aaron 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This comprehensive review aims to trace the historical evolution of hernia repair techniques, from ancient methods to modern minimally invasive approaches. It aims to highlight the key developments in laparoscopic and robotic-assisted hernia repair, emphasizing their clinical benefits and economic impacts. By examining the advancements in surgical technology and techniques, this review provides an in-depth understanding of how these innovations have improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and transformed the field of hernia surgery. Additionally, the review discusses the future potential of these techniques, particularly the role of robotic-assisted surgery, in further enhancing the efficacy and efficiency of hernia repair.

Recent Findings
Annually, over 20 million groin hernias and over 700,000 ventral hernias are repaired worldwide, with significant numbers in the United States alone. Techniques such as Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) and Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) have revolutionized hernia repair by reducing postoperative pain, shortening recovery times, and improving cosmetic outcomes. The introduction of robotic-assisted surgery has further enhanced precision and control, especially in complex and recurrent hernia cases.

Summary
Hernia repair techniques have evolved from rudimentary methods to sophisticated surgical interventions, particularly with the advent of minimally invasive procedures in the late twentieth century. This review traces the historical evolution of hernia repair, highlights key developments in minimally invasive techniques, and discusses their current applications in clinical practice, emphasizing the significant improvements in patient outcomes and increasing future potential of robotic-assisted hernia repair.
Time Sensitive Emergency General Surgery: Saving Lives and Reducing Cost
Authors: Grimes Arthur D. , McCullough Mary Alyce , Stettler Gregory R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The advent and utilization of EGS specific service lines as part of the ACS model has brought the concept of time sensitive surgery to the forefront. Time sensitive emergency general surgery may be defined as surgical intervention that if delayed, leads to increased morbidity and mortality.

Recent Findings
Data suggests that an established ACS model and/or EGS service line may allow for improvements in what could be considered time sensitive EGS conditions. Acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, appendicitis, peptic ulcer disease, and necrotizing infections are identified as pathologies where time sensitive surgery improves these outcomes.

Summary
Further research should focus on the time point at which outcomes are improved in each of these diseases, but also should focus on the value ACS surgeons contribute to hospitals and healthcare by allowing urgent operations to occur in a timely fashion at any hour of the day.
Neutron emission spectrometer in magnetic confinement fusion
Authors: Sangaroon Siriyaporn , Ogawa Kunihiro , Isobe Mitsutaka 
Published: December 2024

AbstractComprehensive neutron diagnostics have been developed and used to study magnetic confinement fusion plasmas. The neutron emission spectrometer is one of the most powerful tools for understanding fusion plasma physics. Neutron spectroscopy was originally developed to measure the fuel ion temperature in thermal plasmas. With the advent of fast ion heating, the role of neutron spectroscopy has evolved to deepen the understanding of fast ion confinement. Since neutrons are primarily produced by the fusion reaction between the bulk ion and the fast ion, the neutron energy carries information about the fast ion energy. The details of neutron emission spectrometers, i.e., time-of-flight spectrometer, magnetic proton recoil spectrometer, and compact neutron emission spectrometer, as well as representative results of neutron spectrometry in Large Helical Device are reviewed.
Patch is enough: naturalistic adversarial patch against vision-language pre-training models
Authors: Kong Dehong , Liang Siyuan , Zhu Xiaopeng , Zhong Yuansheng , Ren Wenqi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVisual language pre-training (VLP) models have demonstrated significant success in various domains, but they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Addressing these adversarial vulnerabilities is crucial for enhancing security in multi-modal learning. Traditionally, adversarial methods that target VLP models involve simultaneous perturbation of images and text. However, this approach faces significant challenges. First, adversarial perturbations often fail to translate effectively into real-world scenarios. Second, direct modifications to the text are conspicuously visible. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel strategy that uses only image patches for attacks, thus preserving the integrity of the original text. Our method leverages prior knowledge from diffusion models to enhance the authenticity and naturalness of the perturbations. Moreover, to optimize patch placement and improve the effectiveness of our attacks, we utilize the cross-attention mechanism, which encapsulates inter-modal interactions by generating attention maps to guide strategic patch placement. Extensive experiments conducted in a white-box setting for image-to-text scenarios reveal that our proposed method significantly outperforms existing techniques, achieving a 100% attack success rate.
Transfer learning for predicting source terms of principal component transport in chemically reactive flow
Authors: Jung Ki Sung , Echekki Tarek , Chen Jacqueline H. , Khalil Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Transfer learning has been highlighted as a promising framework to increase the accuracy of the data-driven model in the case of data sparsity, specifically by leveraging pretrained knowledge to the training of the target model. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the number of requisite training samples can be reduced with the use of various transfer learning models for predicting, for example, the chemical source terms of the data-driven reduced-order modeling (ROM) that represents the homogeneous ignition of a hydrogen/air mixture. Principal component analysis is applied to reduce the dimensionality of the hydrogen/air mixture in composition space. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to regress the reaction rates of principal components, and subsequently, a system of ordinary differential equations is solved. As the number of training samples decreases in the target task, the ROM fails to predict the ignition evolution of a hydrogen/air mixture. Three transfer learning strategies are then applied to the training of the ANN model with a sparse dataset. The performance of the ROM with a sparse dataset is remarkably enhanced if the training of the ANN model is restricted by a regularization term that controls the degree of knowledge transfer from source to target tasks. To this end, a novel transfer learning method is introduced, Parameter control via Partial Initialization and Regularization (PaPIR), whereby the amount of knowledge transferred is systemically adjusted in terms of the initialization and regularization schemes of the ANN model in the target task.
Bounded Littlewood identity related to alternating sign matrices
Authors: Fischer Ilse 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An identity that is reminiscent of the Littlewood identity plays a fundamental role in recent proofs of the facts that alternating sign triangles are equinumerous with totally symmetric self-complementary plane partitions and that alternating sign trapezoids are equinumerous with holey cyclically symmetric lozenge tilings of a hexagon. We establish a bounded version of a generalization of this identity. Further, we provide combinatorial interpretations of both sides of the identity. The ultimate goal would be to construct a combinatorial proof of this identity (possibly via an appropriate variant of the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence) and its unbounded version, as this would improve the understanding of the mysterious relation between alternating sign trapezoids and plane partition objects.
A four-year longitudinal evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with a range of mental health disorders
Authors: O’Mahony B.W. , Aylward P. , McLoughlin J. , McLoughlin A. , Hallahan B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
To examine if the COVID-19 pandemic had a differential impact longitudinally over four years on psychological and functional impact in individuals with a pre-existing anxiety, bipolar or emotionally unstable personality Disorder (EUPD).

Methods:
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 52 patients attending the Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis of an anxiety disorder (n = 21), bipolar disorder (n = 18), or EUPD (n = 13) at four time points over a four-year period. Patients’ impression of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed in relation to anxiety and mood symptoms, social and occupational functioning and quality of life utilising psychometric instruments and Likert scale data, with qualitative data assessing participants’ subjective experiences.

Results:
Individuals with EUPD exhibited higher anxiety (BAI) symptoms compared to individuals with bipolar disorders and anxiety disorders (F = 9.63, p = 0.001), with a more deleterious impact on social functioning and quality of life also noted at all time points. Themes attained from qualitative data included isolation resulting from COVID-19 mandated restrictions (N = 22), and these same restrictions allowing greater appreciation of family (n = 19) and hobbies/nature (n = 13).

Conclusions:
Individuals with EUPD reported increased symptomatology and reduced functioning and quality of life as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic over a four-year period compared to individuals with either an anxiety or bipolar disorder. This could be related to the differing interaction of the COVID-19 pandemic’s restrictions on the symptoms and support requirements of this cohort.
Spatiotemporal fluctuations in surface copepods community structure in Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman, Iran
Authors: Darvishnia Zahra , Sari Alireza , Attaran-Fariman Gilan , Seyfabadi Jafar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the present study, the spatiotemporal distribution and community structure of surface copepods were investigated in Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman, through a year-long sampling programme divided into four distinct periods: post-monsoon (POM), northeast monsoon, pre-monsoon (PRM), and southwest monsoon (SWM). Sampling was conducted at five locations using a horizontal plankton net with a 100 μm mesh size, from the midnight to dawn period. Environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, and total dissolved solids) were also recorded, revealing significant differences (P < 0.0005) across seasons and locations. A total of 38 copepod genera, belonging to five orders and 22 families, were identified, accounting for 66% of the total zooplankton population, while the remaining 34% consisted of non-copepod organisms. The highest and lowest mean abundances of copepods were recorded during the PRM and POM periods, respectively. Excluding copepod larvae, Cyclopoida and Calanoida exhibited the highest annual mean abundances, while Monstrilloida had the lowest. Results show the highest annual mean abundance belongs to the genera Oithona with 167,382 ± 11,089 ind. m−3, Temora with 52,250 ± 3691 ind. m−3, Paracalanus with 40,041 ± 2256 ind. m−3, Acartia with 34,822 ± 3876 ind. m−3, Euterpina with 34,313 ± 1542 ind. m−3, and Oncea with 34,033 ± 2951 ind. m−3. However, the lowest value of 794 ± 259 ind. m−3 belonged to the genus Cymbasoma. The highest mean diversity index (H′) was observed in SWM and POM, while the highest mean species richness index (D) was observed in POM and SWM, and the highest mean Pielou's evenness (J′) was observed in SWM and POM.