bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring emergency physicians’ professional identities: a Q-method study
Authors: Chang Yu-Che , Xiao Xaviera , Nkambule Nothando , Ngerng Roy Y. L. , Bullock Alison , Monrouxe Lynn V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProfessional identities research in medical education has made significant contributions to the field. However, what comprises professional identities is rarely interrogated. This research tackles this relatively understudied component of professional identities research by understanding emergency medicine physicians’ perspectives on the important elements that comprise their professional identities. Q-methodology was used to identify different clusters of viewpoints on professional identities; by extension, the core components that comprise emergency medicine physicians’ professional identities are disclosed. Thirty-three emergency medicine physicians were recruited, through purposive sampling, from five hospitals across Taiwan. R software was used to analyse the Q-sorts, determine loadings on each viewpoint and formulate the viewpoint array. Analysis of interview data enhanced our understanding of these viewpoints. In total, twenty-five emergency medicine physicians loaded onto four distinct viewpoints, reflecting dominant perspectives of emergency medicine physicians’ understanding of their professional identities. These distinct viewpoints demonstrated what emergency medicine physicians deemed significant in how they understood themselves. The viewpoints comprised: skills acquisition, capabilities and practical wisdom; coping ability and resilience; professional recognition and self-esteem; and wellbeing and quality of life. All viewpoints stressed the importance of trust between colleagues. These findings demonstrate the multitude of ways in which seemingly unified professional identities diverge across groups of individuals. An enhanced understanding of speciality work culture is gained. By understanding facets of professional identities, the development of future educational interventions and departmental initiatives, which might support key components of professional identities, can be explored.
A scalar field inducing a non-metrical contribution to gravitational acceleration and a compatible add-on to light deflection
Authors: Scholz Erhard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA scalar field model for explaining the anomalous acceleration and light deflection at galactic and cluster scales, without further dark matter, is presented. It is formulated in a scale covariant scalar tensor theory of gravity in the framework of integrable Weyl geometry and presupposes two different phases for the scalar field, like the superfluid approach of Berezhiani/Khoury. In low acceleration regimes of static gravitational fields (in the Einstein frame) with accordingly low values of the scalar field gradient, the scalar field Lagrangian combines a cubic kinetic term similar to the “a-quadratic” Lagrangian used in the first covariant generalization of MOND (RAQUAL) (Bekenstein and Milgrom in Astrophys J 286:7–14, 1984) and a second order derivative term introduced by Novello et al. in the context of a Weyl geometric approach to cosmology (Novello et al. in Int J Mod Phys D 1:641–677, 1993; de Oliveira et al. in Class Quantum Gravity 14(10):2833–2843, 1997). In varying with regard to $$\phi $$
ϕ
the latter is variationally equivalent to a first order expression. The scalar field equation thus remains of order two. In the Einstein frame it assumes the form of a covariant generalization of the Milgrom equation known from the classical MOND approach in the deep MOND regime. It implies a corresponding “non-metrical” contribution to the acceleration of free fall trajectories. In contrast to pure RAQUAL, the second order derivative term of the Lagrangian leads to a non-negligible contribution to the energy momentum tensor and an add-on to the light deflection potential in beautiful agreement with the dynamics of low velocity trajectories. Although the model takes up important ingredients from the usual RAQUAL approach, it differs essentially from the latter.—In higher sectional curvature regions, respectively for higher accelerations in static fields, the scalar field Lagrangian consists of a Jordan–Brans–Dicke term with sufficiently high value of the JBD-constant to satisfy empirical constraints. Here the dynamics agrees effectively with the one of Einstein gravity.
The Best of Both Worlds? Negotiations Between Cooperators and Individualists Provide High Economic and Relational Outcomes
Authors: Acar-Burkay Sinem , Schei Vidar , Warlop Luk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBecause negotiation is an integral part of social life, negotiators with different social motives are likely to meet. When this happens, will they be able to handle their differences constructively? We examined the relations between dyads’ social motive composition (cooperative, individualistic, or mixed), negotiation behavior, and economic and relational outcomes. In a laboratory experiment, 108 simulated negotiations were audiotaped, transcribed and coded. For economic outcomes, mixed dyads achieved higher profits than cooperative and individualistic dyads did, and this effect was mediated mainly by the negotiators’ problem-solving strategies. For relational outcomes, mixed and cooperative dyads experienced higher relational capital than individualistic dyads did, and this effect was mediated mainly by relationship management strategies. A follow-up survey conducted seven months later revealed that relational capital persisted over time. Overall, the results indicate that mixed-dyad negotiations between individualists and cooperators may bring out the best in both types of negotiators, making these dyads more successful than homogenous dyads.
Do government appropriations and tax policies impact donations to public research universities in Japan and the USA?
Authors: Fukui Fumitake 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs constraints on government funding to public universities become a trend in higher education internationally, clarifying the impact of government policies on donor behavior from a comparative perspective is an issue of higher education research. This paper aims to explore the impact of government appropriations and tax policies on macro trends in donations to public research universities in Japan and USA. Panel data of donation revenue to public research universities in both countries is used to answer the following two research questions: (1) whether the trends in capital markets affect the donation revenue of public research universities operating under different tax systems in Japan and USA, and (2) how the level of government support to higher education affects donations to American and Japanese public research universities. The primary finding is that stock prices are positively associated with donations in USA; however, there is no evidence that stock prices have a positive impact on donations to Japanese public research universities. These contrasting results imply that higher stock prices do not always induce donations to universities and that it is important to consider each country’s tax structure when looking for possible links between stock prices and donations to universities. Also, donor behavior is independent of the amount of government appropriations received by universities in both Japan and USA; therefore, the recent decreasing trends in government appropriations in both countries do not necessarily attract donors.
APPA (apocynin and paeonol) modulates pathological aspects of human neutrophil function, without supressing antimicrobial ability, and inhibits TNFα expression and signalling
Authors: Cross A. L. , Hawkes J. , Wright H. L. , Moots R. J. , Edwards S. W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeutrophils are key players in the pathophysiological process underlying inflammatory conditions not only by release of tissue-damaging cytotoxic enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also by secretion of important immunomodulatory chemokines and cytokines. Here, we report the effects of the novel agent APPA, undergoing formal clinical development for treatment of osteoarthritis, and its constituent components, apocynin (AP) and paeonol (PA) on a number of neutrophil functions, including effects on TNFα- expression and signalling. Neutrophils were treated with APPA (10–1000 µg/mL) prior to the measurement of cell functions, including ROS production, chemotaxis, apoptosis and surface receptor expression. Expression levels of several key genes and proteins were measured after incubation with APPA and the chromatin re-modelling agent, R848. APPA did not significantly affect phagocytosis, bacterial killing or expression of surface receptors, while chemotactic migration was affected only at the highest concentrations. However, APPA down-regulated neutrophil degranulation and ROS levels, and decreased the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. APPA also decreased cytokine-stimulated gene expression, inhibiting both TNFα- and GM-CSF-induced cell signalling. APPA was as effective as infliximab in down-regulating chemokine and IL-6 expression following incubation with R848. Whilst APPA does not interfere with neutrophil host defence against infections, it does inhibit neutrophil degranulation, and cytokine-driven signalling pathways (e.g. autocrine signalling and NF-κB activation), processes that are associated with inflammation. These observations may explain the mechanisms by which APPA exerts anti-inflammatory effects and suggests a potential therapeutic role in inflammatory diseases in which neutrophils and TNFα signalling are important in pathology, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Promoting Gratitude as a Resource for Sustainable Mental Health: Results of a 3-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial up to 6 Months Follow-up
Authors: Bohlmeijer Ernst T. , Kraiss Jannis T. , Watkins Philip , Schotanus-Dijkstra Marijke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-week gratitude intervention for people with low to moderate well-being and moderate symptomatology of depression and anxiety up to 6 months follow-up. 217 Dutch adults were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a 6-week gratitude intervention, a 6-week self-kindness intervention as an active control condition and a waitlist control condition. Participants completed online assessments on well-being, depression, anxiety and gratitude at baseline, post-test, 6 weeks and 6 months follow-up. Changes in outcome measures over time were examined using multilevel growth curve modeling in R to account for repeated measures nested within individuals. The gratitude intervention was more effective in improving mental well-being in comparison to the self-kindness intervention (d = .63 at post-intervention andd = .40 at 6 weeks follow-up) and waitlist control (d = .93 at post-intervention andd = .66 at 6 weeks follow-up). The data also demonstrated that the gratitude intervention was superior to waitlist control and practicing self-kindness on various measures of gratitude but not on distress. The results of this study suggest that a 6-week gratitude intervention is an effective, low-intensity intervention for enhancing mental well-being but not distress among people with low to moderate levels of well-being and moderate distress, at least in higher-educated women. The sustained effects on various measures of gratitude up to 6 months follow-up suggest that it is possible to promote a lasting appreciative perspective on life.
Seiscloud, a tool for density-based seismicity clustering and visualization
Authors: Cesca Simone 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClustering algorithms can be applied to seismic catalogs to automatically classify earthquakes upon the similarity of their attributes, in order to extract information on seismicity processes and faulting patterns out of large seismic datasets. We describe here a Python open-source software for density-based clustering of seismicity named seiscloud, based on the pyrocko library for seismology. Seiscloud is a tool to dig data out of large local, regional, or global seismic catalogs and to automatically recognize seismicity clusters, characterized by similar features, such as epicentral or hypocentral locations, origin times, focal mechanisms, or moment tensors. Alternatively, the code can rely on user-provided distance matrices to identify clusters of events sharing indirect features, such as similar waveforms. The code can either process local seismic catalogs or download selected subsets of seismic catalogs, accessing different global seismicity catalog providers, perform the seismic clustering over different steps in a flexible, easily adaptable approach, and provide results in form of declustered seismic catalogs and a number of illustrative figures. Here, the algorithm usage is explained and discussed through an application to Northern Chile seismicity.
The relationship between anthropogenic light and noise in U.S. national parks
Authors: Buxton Rachel T. , Seymoure Brett M. , White Jeremy , Angeloni Lisa M. , Crooks Kevin R. , Fristrup Kurt , McKenna Megan F. , Wittemyer George 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Context
Natural sound and light regulate fundamental biological processes and are central to visitor experience in protected areas. As such, anthropogenic light and noise have negative effects on both wildlife and humans. While prior studies have examined the distribution and levels of light or noise, joint analyses are rarely undertaken despite their potentially cumulative effects.

Objectives
We examine the relationship between different types of anthropogenic light and noise conditions and what factors drive correlation, co-occurrences, and divergence between them.

Methods
We overlaid existing geospatial models of anthropogenic light and noise with landscape predictors in national parks across the continental U.S.

Results
Overlapping dark and quiet were the most common conditions (82.5–87.1% of park area), representing important refuges for wildlife and human experience. We found low correlation between anthropogenic light and noise (Spearman’s R < 0.25), with the exception of parks with a higher density of roads. Park land within urban areas had the highest probability of co-occurring high light and noise exposure, while park areas with divergent light and noise exposure (e.g., high light and low noise) were most commonly found 5–20 km from urban areas and in parks with roads present.

Conclusions
These analyses demonstrate that light and noise exposure are not always correlated in national parks, which was unexpected because human activities tend to produce both simultaneously. As such, mitigation efforts for anthropogenic light and noise will require efforts targeting site-specific sources of noise and light. Protecting and restoring sensory environments will involve constructive partnerships capable of reconciling diverse community interests.
On norm-based estimations for domains of attraction in nonlinear time-delay systems
Authors: Scholl Tessina H. , Hagenmeyer Veit , Gröll Lutz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor nonlinear time-delay systems, domains of attraction are rarely studied despite their importance for technological applications. The present paper provides methodological hints for the determination of an upper bound on the radius of attraction by numerical means. Thereby, the respective Banach space for initial functions has to be selected and primary initial functions have to be chosen. The latter are used in time-forward simulations to determine a first upper bound on the radius of attraction. Thereafter, this upper bound is refined by secondary initial functions, which result a posteriori from the preceding simulations. Additionally, a bifurcation analysis should be undertaken. This analysis results in a possible improvement of the previous estimation. An example of a time-delayed swing equation demonstrates the various aspects.
Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein, dysglycaemia and insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pearsey Harriet M. , Henson Joseph , Sargeant Jack A. , Davies Melanie J. , Khunti Kamlesh , Suzuki Toru , Bowden-Davies Kelly A. , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Yates Thomas E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo systematically review the current literature investigating associations between zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) and dysglycaemia (including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), poly-cystic-ovary syndrome (PCOS), pre-diabetes or insulin resistance). This included relationships between ZAG and continuous measures of insulin and glucose. Additionally, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the extent that ZAG differs between individuals with or without dysglycaemia; whilst examining the potential influence of adiposity. A systematic search was performed on four databases for studies on circulating ZAG concentrations in adult human populations, comparing healthy controls to individuals with dysglycaemia. Key characteristics, including the mean ZAG concentrations (mg∙L−1), and any correlational statistics between ZAG and continuous measures of glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) or insulin were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed to compare metabolically healthy controls to cases, and on studies that compared controls and cases considered overweight or obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg.m2). 1575 papers were identified and 14 studies (16 cohorts) were considered eligible for inclusion. Circulating ZAG was lower in individuals with dysglycaemia compared to metabolically healthy controls (−4.14 [−8.17, −0.11] mg.L−1; I2 = 98.5%; p < 0.001). When using data from only studies with overweight or obese groups with or without dysglycaemia (three studies (four cohorts); pooled n = 332), the difference in circulating ZAG was no longer significant (−0.30 [−3.67, 3.07] mg. L−1; I2 = 28.0%; p = 0.225). These data suggest that ZAG may be implicated in dysglycaemia, although there was significant heterogeneity across different studies and the mediating effect of adiposity cannot be excluded. Therefore, more research is needed before robust conclusions can be drawn.
Cited text span identification for scientific summarisation using pre-trained encoders
Authors: Zerva Chrysoula , Nghiem Minh-Quoc , Nguyen Nhung T. H. , Ananiadou Sophia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present our approach for the identification of cited text spans in scientific literature, using pre-trained encoders (BERT) in combination with different neural networks. We further experiment to assess the impact of using these cited text spans as input in BERT-based extractive summarisation methods. Inspired and motivated by the CL-SciSumm shared tasks, we explore different methods to adapt pre-trained models which are tuned for generic domain to scientific literature. For the identification of cited text spans, we assess the impact of different configurations in terms of learning from augmented data and using different features and network architectures (BERT, XLNET, CNN, and BiMPM) for training. We show that identifying and fine-tuning the language models on unlabelled or augmented domain specific data can improve the performance of cited text span identification models. For the scientific summarisation we implement an extractive summarisation model adapted from BERT. With respect to the input sentences taken from the cited paper, we explore two different scenarios: (1) consider all the sentences (full-text) of the referenced article as input and (2) consider only the text spans that have been identified to be cited by other publications. We observe that in certain experiments, by using only the cited text-spans we can achieve better performance, while minimising the input size needed.
Prevalence and Correlates of Depression Among Pregnant Women Enrolled in a Maternal and Newborn Health Program in Rural Northern Ghana: a Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Lillie Margaret , Gallis John A. , Hembling John , Owusu Raymond Kofi , Ali Mohammed , Abubakr-Bibilazu Safiyatu , Aborigo Raymond , Adam Haliq , McEwan Elena , Awoonor-Williams John Koku , Baumgartner Joy Noel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWomen in many sub-Saharan African countries are at elevated risk of depression during pregnancy. However, there are still gaps in the estimates of antenatal depression and associated risk factors in very low-resource settings such as Northern Ghana. This study describes the prevalence of depression among rural pregnant women, participating in a maternal and child health program, in Ghana, and examines associated risk factors for depression. Pregnant women who were registered for group-based maternal and child health community programs were recruited for study participation from 32 communities in two rural districts in Northern Ghana (n = 374). Baseline surveys were conducted and depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Bivariate and multivariable analyses used a modified Poisson and generalized estimating equations (GEE) model. Of the women in our study population, 19.7% reported symptoms indicative of moderate to severe depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10), with 14.1% endorsing suicidal ideation in the last 2 weeks. Bivariate analyses revealed that lower hopefulness, moderate and severe hunger, experiences of emotional, physical, and/or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV), and insufficient social support from female relatives were associated with symptoms indicating moderate to severe depression. In the multivariable analyses, low hopefulness, household hunger, emotional IPV, physical and/or sexual IPV, and insufficient female relative support remained significantly associated with depression. Antenatal depression is associated with unmet basic needs and safety. Perinatal mental health programming must take an ecological perspective and address personal, familial, and community-level factors.
What does “new learning” require from religious education teachers? A study of Finnish RE teachers’ perceptions
Authors: Lipiäinen Tuuli , Ubani Martin , Viinikka Kaisa , Kallioniemi Arto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines “new learning” skills from the perspective of Finnish in-service Religious Education (RE) teachers by exploring which skills teachers emphasize in their instruction. The data of this study consist of a quantitative online questionnaire (N = 83), and qualitative semi-structured interviews (N = 18) that were conducted to clarify the data. Skills were categorized and analysed by using the Assessment and Teaching of twenty-first century Skills (ATC21S) framework. The study shows that, from the four categories in the framework, teachers emphasized skills in Ways of thinking, Tools for working, and Ways of working categories, quite equally highly, though this was less true of the skills in Ways of living in the world category. However, the diversity among individual skills was high. Comparing individual skills, understanding diversity, religious literacy, communication skills (excluding leadership) and critical thinking were the most important in RE and leadership; producing a result and productivity were less emphasized skills in teachers’ instructions. The results were explained by ongoing changes, such as religious pluralization, and digitalization in Finnish society, and the aim of RE as developing equal communication and developing, not finalizing, pupils’ thinking.