bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightweight porous silica foams with extreme-low dielectric permittivity and loss for future 6G wireless communication technologies
Authors: Pálvölgyi Petra S. , Sebők Daniel , Szenti Imre , Bozo Eva , Ervasti Henri , Pitkänen Olli , Hannu Jari , Jantunen Heli , Leinonen Marko E. , Myllymäki Sami , Kukovecz Akos , Kordas Krisztian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the next generation wireless communication systems operating at near terahertz frequencies, dielectric substrates with the lowest possible permittivity and loss factor are becoming essential. In this work, highly porous (98.9% ± 0.1%) and lightweight silica foams (0.025 ± 0.005 g/cm3), that have extremely low relative permittivity (εr= 1.018 ± 0.003 at 300 GHz) and corresponding loss factor (tanδ< 3 × 10−4at 300 GHz) are synthetized by a template-assisted sol-gel method. After dip-coating the slabs of foams with a thin film of cellulose nanofibers, sufficiently smooth surfaces are obtained, on which it is convenient to deposit electrically conductive planar thin films of metals important for applications in electronics and telecommunication devices. Here, micropatterns of Ag thin films are sputtered on the substrates through a shadow mask to demonstrate double split-ring resonator metamaterial structures as radio frequency filters operating in the sub-THz band.
Treatment Response of Deferiprone in Infratentorial Superficial Siderosis: a Systematic Review
Authors: Flores Martin Andreas , Shanmugarajah Priya , Hoggard Nigel , Hadjivassiliou Marios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuperficial siderosis describes haemosiderin deposition on the surface of the brain. When present on infratentorial structures, it can cause ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss and pyramidal signs. There is no proven treatment and patients experience slow progression of symptoms. Iron-chelating agents have been suggested as a therapeutic option and deferiprone is suited as it crosses the blood-brain barrier. However, deferiprone is reported to have a 1–2% risk of agranulocytosis. We performed a systematic review on treatment of infratentorial superficial siderosis with deferiprone based on PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if in English or an English language translation was available, were about human subjects and referred to patients with ataxia. Studies were excluded if they did not possess an English translation, included animal studies or did not have ataxia. Studies were excluded if they discussed cerebral amyloid angiopathy or siderosis of other regions. Eleven papers were included. We identified 69 patients. Seventeen patients (25%) discontinued the drug. The most encountered adverse effect was anaemia (21.7%). Neutropaenia was observed in 8.7% and agranulocytosis in 5.8% of patients. Clinically, response varied, and stability or improvement was seen across neurological domains in 6 studies while 5 showed a mixed response. On imaging, 13 (28.9%) patients improved, 24 (53.3%) stabilised and 8 (17.8%) deteriorated. A prospective international centralised register of patients should be developed to inform the design and conduct of a multicentre, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of deferiprone. The evidence from this systematic review is that deferiprone is a promising intervention.
Clinical determinants of early spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pluymaekers N. A. H. A. , Dudink E. A. M. P. , Weijs B. , Vernooy K. , Hartgerink D. E. J. , Jacobs J. S. , Erküner Ö. , Marcks N. G. H. M. , van Cauteren Y. J. M. , Dinh T. , ter Bekke R. M. A. , Sels J. E. M. W. , Delnoij T. S. R. , Geyik Z. , Driessen R. G. H. , Linz D. K. , den Uijl D. W. , Crijns H. J. G. M. , Luermans J. G. L. M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The current standard of care for acute atrial fibrillation (AF) focuses primarily on immediate restoration of sinus rhythm by cardioversion, although AF often terminates spontaneously.

Objective
To identify determinants of early spontaneous conversion (SCV) in patients presenting at the emergency department (ED) because of AF.

Methods
An observational study was performed of patients who visited the ED with documented AF between July 2014 and December 2016. The clinical characteristics and demographics of patients with and without SCV were compared.

Results
We enrolled 943 patients (age 69 ± 12 years, 47% female). SCV occurred within 3 h of presentation in 158 patients (16.8%). Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of AF <24 h [odds ratio (OR) 7.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5–17.2, p < 0.001], left atrial volume index <42 ml/m2 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.8, p = 0.010), symptoms of near-collapse at presentation (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–5.1, p = 0.018), a lower body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.91–0.99, p = 0.028), a longer QTc time during AF (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.0–1.02, p = 0.002) and first-detected AF (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6–3.9, p < 0.001) were independent determinants of early SCV.

Conclusion
Early spontaneous conversion of acute AF occurs in almost one-sixth of admitted patients during a short initial observation in the ED. Spontaneous conversion is most likely to occur in patients with first-onset, short-duration AF episodes, lower BMI, and normal left atrial size.
Performance of a simplified HEART score and HEART-GP score for evaluating chest pain in urgent primary care
Authors: Harskamp R. E. , Kleton M. , Smits I. H. , Manten A. , Himmelreich J. C. L. , van Weert H. C. P. M. , Rietveld R. P. , Lucassen W. A. M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Chest pain is a common symptom in urgent primary care. The distinction between urgent and non-urgent causes can be challenging. A modified version of the HEART score, in which troponin is omitted (‘simplified HEART’) or replaced by the so-called ‘sense of alarm’ (HEART-GP), may aid in risk stratification.

Method
This study involved a retrospective, observational cohort of consecutive patients evaluated for chest pain at a large-scale, out-of-hours, regional primary care facility in the Netherlands, with 6‑week follow-up for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). The outcome of interest is diagnostic accuracy, including positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results
We included 664 patients; MACEs occurred in 4.8% (n = 32). For simplified HEART and HEART-GP, we found C‑statistics of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.91) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.85–0.95), respectively. Optimal diagnostic accuracy was found for a simplified HEART score ≥2 (PPV 9%, NPV 99.7%), HEART-GP score ≥3 (PPV 11%, NPV 99.7%) and HEART-GP score ≥4 (PPV 16%, NPV 99.4%). Physicians referred 157 patients (23.6%) and missed 6 MACEs. A simplified HEART score ≥2 would have picked up 5 cases, at the expense of 332 referrals (50.0%, p < 0.001). A HEART-GP score of ≥3 and ≥4 would have detected 5 and 3 MACEs and led to 293 (44.1%, p < 0.001) and 186 (28.0%, p = 0.18) referrals, respectively.

Conclusion
HEART-score modifications including the physicians’ ‘sense of alarm’ may be used as a risk stratification tool for chest pain in primary care in the absence of routine access to troponin assays. Further validation is warranted.
TOMARES
Authors: Lottes Laura Malena , Kaiser Nils , Goossens Nils , Oelze Holger W. , Braxmaier Claus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn aerospace industry, saving mass on spacecrafts always remain in large demand to save launch costs or increase the available payload mass. A case study is carried out designing a first concept of an additive manufactured flywheel of a reaction wheel, as it is one of the heaviest parts of wheel systems. As an objective the mass is minimized, while obtaining an angular momentum suitable according to mission requirements and maintaining recent performances. As references the SeaSAT mission and a commercial reaction wheel are used. The work includes a preliminary dimension of the flywheels design space by MATLAB calculations, where in total 15 shapes are analyzed and compared. The most promising design space is afterwards analyzed via the finite-element tool ANSYS and is defined as the reference flywheel. The reference flywheel is used for topology optimizations (ANSYS Topology Optimization), where different boundary conditions are considered. The final designed flywheel obtains 16% higher energy density than the reference flywheel and withstands the mission loads. It can be concluded that it was possible to design a flywheel obtaining less mass while keeping the expected performance.
Reparative System Arising from CCR2(+) Monocyte Conversion Attenuates Neuroinflammation Following Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Park Joohyun , Kim Jong Youl , Kim Yu Rim , Huang Meiying , Chang Ji Young , Sim A Young , Jung Hosung , Lee Won Taek , Hyun Young-Min , Lee Jong Eun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMonocytes recruitment from the blood to inflamed tissues following ischemic stroke is an important immune response to wound healing and tissue repair. Mouse monocytes can be endogenously divided into two distinct populations: pro-inflammatory or classical monocytes that express CCR2highCX3CR1low and circulate in blood, and anti-inflammatory or non-classical monocytes that express CCR2lowCX3CR1high and patrol locally. In this study of transgenic mice with functional CX3CR1GFP/+ or CX3CR1GFP/+-CCR2RFP/+, we found that CCR2highCX3CR1low monocytes recruited to the injured brain were cytokine-dependently converted into CCR2lowCX3CR1high macrophages, especially under the influence of IL-4 and IL-13, thereby attenuating the neuroinflammation following sterile ischemic stroke. The overall data suggest that (1) the regulation of monocyte-switching is one of the ultimate reparative strategies in ischemic stroke, and (2) the adaptation of monocytes in a locally inflamed milieu is vital to alleviating the effects of ischemic stroke through innate immunity.
The application of environmental governance for sustainable watershed-based management
Authors: Kagaya Seiichi , Wada Tetsuya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, it has become popular for some of countries and regions to adapt the system of governance to varied and complex issues concerned with regional development and the environment. Watershed management is possibly the best example of this. It involves flood control, water use management and river environment simultaneously. Therefore, comprehensive watershed-based management should be aimed at balancing those aims. The objectives of this study are to introduce the notion of environmental governance into the planning process, to establish a method for assessing the alternatives and to develop a procedure for determining the most appropriate plan for environmental governance. The planning process here is based on strategic environment assessment (SEA). To verify the hypothetical approach, the middle river basin in the Tokachi River, Japan was selected as a case study. In practice, after workshop discussions, it was found to have the appropriate degree of consensus based on the balance of flood control and environmental protection in the watershed.
Down a hole: missing GPS positions reveal birth dates of an underground denning species, the red fox
Authors: Walton Zea , Mattisson Jenny 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlobal positioning system (GPS) technology is increasingly used to study animal behavior. However, some animals exhibit behaviors that may result in the failure to acquire a GPS position, such as for species with underground denning behavior. This creates a challenge for researchers to identify the timing of important life-history events such as birth. Here, we tested if information gaps arising from unsuccessful GPS positions, in connection with intrinsic and extrinsic factors, can identify parturition events in an underground denning species, the red fox. Using data from 30 GPS collared female red foxes during the approximate parturition period of 1 March–31 May, we calculated the proportion of successful GPS positions per day. We then compared the patterns of successful GPS positions for females of known reproductive status to those known not to have reproduced and a subset of females for which reproductive status was unknown. Females confirmed to have pups (n = 11) and two females of unknown reproductive status showed a significant difference in the proportion of successful GPS positions compared to females without pups, illustrating that parturition and denning activity could be identified from GPS data. None of the 12 subadult females were identified as denning. Parturition date, identified as the day with the lowest GPS fix rate within the five-day period with the lowest proportion of successful GPS positions, ranged from 20 March–14 May, with a mean parturition date of 12 April. We, therefore, conclude that important biological information, such as reproductive status and parturition dates, can be identified from patterns of missing GPS positions for some underground denning species.
1MeTIQ and olanzapine, despite their neurochemical impact, did not ameliorate performance in fear conditioning and social interaction tests in an MK-801 rat model of schizophrenia
Authors: Białoń Magdalena , Chocyk Agnieszka , Majcher-Maślanka Iwona , Żarnowska Marcelina , Michalski Krzysztof , Antkiewicz-Michaluk Lucyna , Wąsik Agnieszka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 1MeTIQ on fear memory and social interaction in an MK-801-induced model of schizophrenia. The results obtained after administration of 1MeTIQ were compared with those obtained with olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug.

Methods
Sprague–Dawley rats received a single injection of MK-801 to induce behavioral disorders. 1MeTIQ was given either acutely in a single dose or chronically for 7 consecutive days. Olanzapine was administered once. In groups receiving combined treatments, 1MeTIQ or olanzapine was administered 20 min before MK-801 injection. Contextual fear conditioning was used to assess disturbances in fear memory (FM), and the sociability of the rats was measured in the social interaction test (SIT). Biochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate monoamine levels in selected brain structures after treatment.

Results
Our results are focused mainly on data obtained from neurochemical studies, demonstrating that 1MeTIQ inhibited the MK-801-induced reduction in dopamine levels in the frontal cortex and increased the 5-HT concentration. The behavioral tests revealed that acute administration of MK-801 caused disturbances in both the FM and SIT tests, while neither 1MeTIQ nor olanzapine reversed these deficits.

Conclusion
1MeTIQ, although pharmacologically effective (i.e., it reverses MK-801-induced changes in monoamine activity), did not influence MK-801-induced social and cognitive deficits. Thus, our FM tests and SIT did not support the main pharmacological hypotheses that focus on dopamine system stabilization and dopamine–serotonin system interactions as probable mechanisms for inhibiting the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Can Same-Sex Partners Consent to Organ Donation?
Authors: Chen Roderick T. , Glazier Alexandra K. 
Published: January 2021

As more same-sex couples enter into civil unions and domestic partnerships, the courts and other institutions are beginning to consider the implications of these partnerships in several areas of the law. A Georgia appeals court, for example, recently published the first opinion addressing this issue, ruling that a civil union of two women, obtained in Vermont, was not equivalent to a marriage for the purposes of interpreting a child custody agreement entered into in Georgia. As many observers predicted, the enactment of legislation recognizing same-sex partnerships has profound implications on the practice of family law, trust and estate law and healthcare law.This Article focuses on an area of healthcare law in which the legal status of a civil union or domestic partnership could have significant consequences—organ donations. In particular, it explores whether a civil union or domestic partner is an appropriate party to consent to an organ donation.
No Room at the Inn: How the Federal Medicaid Program Created Inequities in Psychiatric Hospital Access for the Indigent Mentally Ill
Authors: Davoli Joanmarie Ilaria 
Published: January 2021

Get off [public transportation] at San Francisco's Powell Street station and you enter an open-air asylum. A woman crouches on the sidewalk, screaming obscenities. A man stumbles in circles, haunted by demonic voices. Hands reach out and rattle cups for spare change; voices curse those who pass by. For more than three decades, California has turned its back on those who suffer from severe mental illness, treating them as unfortunate fixtures in our urban landscape rather than as human beings who desperately need medication, treatment and housing in order to cope with their illnesses.California is not alone in turning its back on the severely mentally ill. Because of financial incentives from the federal government, every state continues to close state-run psychiatric hospitals, leaving those who are poor and severely mentally ill with no treatment or care. Many cities have areas similar to San Francisco where the mentally ill suffer in public because it is cheaper to abandon the mentally ill to an open-air asylum than it is to build and fund psychiatric hospitals.
The Participation of Underrepresented Minorities in Clinical Research
Authors: Noah Barbara A. 
Published: January 2021

The past decade witnessed unprecedented growth in medical research involving human subjects, promising the development of new treatments that extend and improve the quality of life, as well as prevent disease. Recent biomedical breakthroughs such as the mapping of the human genome, improved understanding of pharmacokinetics and molecular biology, and novel theories about the mechanisms of diseases such as cancer have led to a proliferation of clinical trials. Such research provides the necessary bridge from scientific theory to practical medical application, and it is essential that these efforts benefit all persons who suffer from the studied diseases.In addition to the potential long-term pay-offs, clinical trials may offer immediate dividends to enrolled subjects. The opportunity to participate in medical research carries with it a variety of potential risks and benefits. Because clinical trial participation potentially results in significant individual benefits, including access to state-of-the-art care and improved disease monitoring, fairness demands equal opportunity for inclusion whenever scientifically appropriate.
Spiritual Healing, Sick Kids and the Law: Inequities in the American Healthcare System
Authors: Merrick Janna C. 
Published: January 2021

Main Street in Sarasota, Florida. A high-tech medical arts building rises from the east end, the county's historic three-story courthouse is two blocks to the west and sandwiched in between is the First Church of Christ, Scientist. A verse inscribed on the wall behind the pulpit of the church reads: “Divine Love Always Has Met and Always Will Meet Every Human Need.” This is the church where William and Christine Hermanson worshipped. It is just a few steps away from the courthouse where they were convicted of child abuse and third-degree murder for failing to provide conventional medical care for their seven-year-old daughter.This Article is about the intersection of “divine love” and “the best interests of the child.” It is about a pluralistic society where the dominant culture reveres medical science, but where a religious minority shuns and perhaps fears that same medical science. It is also about the struggle among different religious interests to define the legal rights of the citizenry.
Unstable Density‐Driven Convection of CO2 in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Porous Media With Implications for Deep Saline Aquifers
Authors: Wang Sijia , Cheng Zucheng , Zhang Yi , Jiang Lanlan , Liu Yu , Song Yongchen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDensity‐driven convection mixing has been identified to enhance CO2 trapping in deep saline aquifers storage. In this study, the dynamics of fingering instability and associated mass transfer caused by convection mixing between the movements of miscible analogue fluid pairs are investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two kinds of homogeneous porous media and six kinds of heterogeneous porous media with varying permeability permutations were used at ambient pressure and temperature. In homogeneous porous media, the detail analyses on the data of fingering pattern, finger number and distribution identify that the large finger sizes and high sinking velocities can be developed when the permeability up to 3.3 × 10−11 m2. In heterogeneous porous media, the sand layer first touched by downward fingers plays a dominant role in finger evolution, channeling and fingering convection mechanisms were found among these cases. Moreover, the dissolution rate characterized by Sherwood number (Shm) (enhance or inhibit fluid mixing, depending on the layout of the sand layer) was found to be independent of the local convection dissolution, such as vortex flow and finger splitting at the sand boundary with mutation permeability (enhanced fluid mixing, promoting CO2 dissolution in carbon storage). Finally, the total CO2 dissolution rate Shm in all cases was compared, Shm are at a range of 970–5,079 in homogeneous porous media, while are 190–688 in heterogeneous porous media.
Air Temperature Regulates Erodible Landscape, Water, and Sediment Fluxes in the Permafrost‐Dominated Catchment on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Dongfeng , Overeem Irina , Kettner Albert J. , Zhou Yinjun , Lu Xixi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractApproximately 40% of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is underlain by continuous permafrost, yet its impact on fluvial water and sediment dynamics remains poorly investigated. Here we show that water and sediment dynamics in the permafrost‐dominated Tuotuohe basin on the TP are driven by air temperature and permafrost thaw, based on 33‐year daily in situ observations (1985–2017). Air temperature regulates the seasonal patterns of discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) by controlling the changes in active contributing drainage area (ACDA, the unfrozen erodible landscape that contributes hydrogeomorphic processes within a catchment) and governing multiple thermal processes such as glacier‐snow melt and permafrost thaw. Rainstorms determine the short‐lived fluvial extreme events by intensifying slope processes and channel erosion and likely also by enhancing thaw slumps. Furthermore, the SSCs at equal levels of discharges are lower in autumn (September–October) than in spring (May–June) and summer (July–August). This reduced sediment availability in autumn can possibly be attributed to the increased supra‐permafrost groundwater runoff and the reduced surface runoff and erosion. Due to rapid climate warming, the ACDA has increased significantly from 1985 to 2017, implying expanding erodible landscapes for hydrogeomorphic processes. As a result, the fluvial water and sediment fluxes have substantially increased. In a warmer and wetter future for the TP, the fluvial sediment fluxes of similar permafrost‐underlain basins will continue to increase with expanding erodible landscapes and intensifying thermal and pluvial‐driven geomorphic processes. Thus, permafrost thaw should be considered as an important driver of past and future water and sediment changes for the TP.