bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peronospora aquilegiicola made its way to Germany: the start of a new pandemic?
Authors: Thines Marco , Buaya Anthony , Ali Tahir , Brand Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPeronospora aquilegiicola is a destructive pathogen of columbines and has wiped out most Aquilegia cultivars in several private and public gardens throughout Britain. The pathogen, which is native to East Asia was noticed in England and Wales in 2013 and quickly spread through the country, probably by infested plants or seeds. To our knowledge, the pathogen has so far not been reported from other parts of Europe. Here, we report the emergence of the pathogen in the northwest of Germany, based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. As the pathogen was found in a garden in which no new columbines had been planted recently, we assume that the pathogen has already spread from its original point of introduction in Germany. This calls for an increased attention to the further spread of the pathogen and the eradication of infection spots to avoid the spread to naturally occurring columbines in Germany and to prevent another downy mildew from becoming a global threat, like Peronospora belbahrii and Plasmopara destructor, the downy mildews of basil and balsamines, respectively.
Dependence of skill and spread of the ensemble forecasts on the type of perturbation and its relationship with long-term norms of precipitation and temperature
Authors: Duniec Grzegorz , Mazur Andrzej 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new computing cluster has been operating since 2016 at the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute. Increasing computing power enabled the implementation of ensemble prediction system forecasts in the operational mode and the use of a new computer for research purposes. As part of the priority project on “Study of Disturbances in the Representation of Modeling Uncertainty in Ensemble Development” and the earlier project entitled “COSMO Towards Ensemble in Km in Our Countries), implemented in the Working Group 7 (Predictability and Ensemble Methods) as part of the COSMO modeling consortium, specific studies were carried out to test ensemble forecasts. This research concerned the impact of variability of physical fields characterizing the soil surface (a selected parameter determining evaporation from the soil surface and soil surface temperature) using various methods of perturbation. Numerical experiments were completed for the warm period (from June to September) 2013.
Extraction of Copper from Copper-Bearing Materials by Sulfation Roasting with SO2-O2 Gas
Authors: Wan Xingbang , Shi Junjie , Taskinen Pekka , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecycling metals from secondary materials and more complex ores has recently been attracting more attention, creating a need for more precise separation methods of different elements. This study proposed a sulfation-roasting method and designed thermodynamic conditions to selectively facilitate the formation of copper sulfate while separating iron as oxide.
The roasting behaviors for chalcopyrite, copper slag, and pure copper compounds were investigated in a 0.5% SO2–0.5% O2–99% Ar atmosphere at 600°C. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry were used to characterize the raw materials and roasting products.
The proposed methodology was confirmed for a complete separation of Cu from Fe, and, further, the sulfation-roasting mechanism of chalcopyrite was confirmed by thermodynamic calculations and experimental observations. These will provide a theoretical basis for copper recycling from both complex primary and secondary copper-bearing materials.
Inhibition of Aquaporin 4 Decreases Amyloid Aβ40 Drainage Around Cerebral Vessels
Authors: Rosu Gabriela-Camelia , Catalin Bogdan , Balseanu Tudor Adrian , Laurentiu Mogoanta , Claudiu Margaritescu , Kumar-Singh Samir , Daniel Pirici 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAquaporin-4 (AQP4) is located mainly in the astrocytic end-feet around cerebral blood vessels and regulates ion and water homeostasis in the brain. While deletion of AQP4 is shown to reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance and exacerbate Aβ peptide accumulation in plaques and vessels of Alzheimer’s disease mouse models, the mechanism and clearing pathways involved are debated. Here, we investigated how inhibiting the function of AQP4 in healthy male C57BL/6 J mice impacts clearance of Aβ40, the more soluble Aβ isoform. Using two-photon in vivo imaging and visualizing vessels with Sulfurodamine 101 (SR101), we first showed that Aβ40 injected as a ≤ 0.5-μl volume in the cerebral cortex diffused rapidly in parenchyma and accumulated around blood vessels. In animals treated with the AQP4 inhibitor TGN-020, the perivascular Aβ40 accumulation was significantly (P < 0.001) intensified by involving four times more vessels, thus suggesting a generalized clearance defect associated with vessels. Increasing the injecting volume to ≥ 0.5 ≤ 1 μl decreased the difference of Aβ40-positive vessels observed in non-treated and AQP4 inhibitor-treated animals, although the difference was still significant (P = 0.001), suggesting that larger injection volumes could overwhelm intramural vascular clearance mechanisms. While both small and large vessels accumulated Aβ40, for the ≤ 0.5-μl volume group, the average diameter of the Aβ40-positive vessels tended to be larger in control animals compared with TGN-020-treated animals, although the difference was non-significant (P = 0.066). Using histopathology and ultrastructural microscopy, no vascular structural change was observed after a single massive dose of TGN-020. These data suggest that AQP4 deficiency is directly involved in impaired Aβ brain clearance via the peri-/para-vascular routes, and AQP4-mediated vascular clearance might counteract blood-brain barrier abnormalities and age-related vascular amyloidopathy.
Antithrombotic management of patients with atrial fibrillation—Dutch anticoagulant initiatives anno 2020
Authors: Chu G. , Seelig J. , Trinks-Roerdink E. M. , Geersing G. J. , Rutten F. H. , de Groot J. R. , Huisman M. V. , Hemels M. E. W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, as more and more experience has been gained with prescribing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), new research initiatives have emerged in the Netherlands to improve the safety and appropriateness of DOAC treatment for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). These initiatives address several contemporary unresolved issues, such as inappropriate dosing, non-adherence and the long-term management of DOAC treatment. Dutch initiatives have also contributed to the development and improvement of risk prediction models. Although fewer bleeding complications (notably intracranial bleeding) are in general seen with DOACs in comparison with vitamin K antagonists, to successfully identify patients with high bleeding risk and to tailor anticoagulant treatment accordingly to mitigate this increased bleeding risk, is one of the research aims of recent and future years. This review highlights contributions from the Netherlands that aim to address these unresolved issues regarding the anticoagulant management in AF in daily practice, and provides a narrative overview of contemporary stroke and bleeding risk assessment strategies.
The role of long-term mechanical circulatory support in patients with advanced heart failure
Authors: Felix S. E. A. , de Jonge N. , Caliskan K. , Birim O. , Damman K. , Kuijpers M. , Tops L. F. , Palmen M. , Ramjankhan F. Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn patients with end-stage heart failure, advanced therapies such as heart transplantation and long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) have to be considered. LVADs can be implanted as a bridge to transplantation or as an alternative to heart transplantation: destination therapy. In the Netherlands, long-term LVAD therapy is gaining importance as a result of increased prevalence of heart failure together with a low number of heart transplantations due to shortage of donor hearts. As a result, the difference between bridge to transplantation and destination therapy is becoming more artificial since, at present, most patients initially implanted as bridge to transplantation end up receiving extended LVAD therapy. Following LVAD implantation, survival after 1, 2 and 3 years is 83%, 76% and 70%, respectively. Quality of life improves substantially despite important adverse events such as device-related infection, stroke, major bleeding and right heart failure. Early referral of potential candidates for long-term MCS is of utmost importance and positively influences outcome. In this review, an overview of the indications, contraindications, patient selection, clinical outcome and optimal time of referral for long-term MCS is given.
Strength of patient cohorts and biobanks for cardiomyopathy research
Authors: de Boer R. A. , Nijenkamp L. L. A. M. , Silljé H. H. W. , Eijgenraam T. R. , Parbhudayal R. , van Driel B. , Huurman R. , Michels M. , Pei J. , Harakalova M. , van Lint F. H. M. , Jansen M. , Baas A. F. , Asselbergs F. W. , van Tintelen J. P. , Brundel B. J. J. M. , Dorsch L. M. , Schuldt M. , Kuster D. W. D. , van der Velden J. ,   DOSIS consortium
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 2011 the Netherlands Heart Foundation allocated funding (CVON, Cardiovasculair Onderzoek Nederland) to stimulate collaboration between clinical and preclinical researchers on specific areas of research. One of those areas involves genetic heart diseases, which are frequently caused by pathogenic variants in genes that encode sarcomere proteins. In 2014, the DOSIS (Determinants of susceptibility in inherited cardiomyopathy: towards novel therapeutic approaches) consortium was initiated, focusing their research on secondary disease hits involved in the onset and progression of cardiomyopathies. Here we highlight several recent observations from our consortium and collaborators which may ultimately be relevant for clinical practice.
The history of transcatheter aortic valve implantation: The role and contribution of an early believer and adopter, the Netherlands
Authors: de Jaegere P. , de Ronde M. , den Heijer P. , Weger A. , Baan J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the history of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) from its preclinical phase during which visionary pioneers developed its concept and prototype valves against strong head wind to first application in clinical practice (2002) and the clinical and scientific role of an early believer and adopter, the Netherlands (2005).
Clinical impact of PSMA PET in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer; a review of the literature
Authors: Wondergem Maurits , van der Zant Friso M. , Broos Wouter A. M. , Knol Remco J. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPSMA PET is increasingly used for localising biochemical recurrent prostate cancer (BCR) and is incorporated in European and national guidelines. Nevertheless, clinical implications of PSMA PET need to be clarified. In this report, the available literature on the clinical impact of PSMA PET in patients with BCR is reviewed. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the MEDLINE® database. All studies reporting data on PSMA PET directed patient management were considered relevant. In the review, 16 studies were included. Change of management was 45% for the pooled data (861/1899 patients), of which 50% changed from non-targeted to targeted approach. Change from targeted to non-targeted approaches was found in 17% of patients. High heterogeneity was found between presently available studies. It can be concluded that PSMA PET induces change of management in almost half of the patients with BCR. After PSMA PET more patients are selected for metastasis targeted therapies. Potential beneficial effects of metastasis directed therapies require further evaluation.
Psychological Stress: A Predisposing and Exacerbating Factor in Periodontitis
Authors: Spector Anna M. , Postolache Teodor T. , Akram Faisal , Scott Alison J. , Wadhawan Abhishek , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the interactions between psychological stress, the immune system, and periodontitis, including the dynamic role of host stress responses in altering immune function, altering the oral microbiome and biofilm formation, and promoting local and systemic disease progression.

Recent Findings
Within the context of periodontal health and disease, stress leads to an impairment of effective antimicrobial defense, shifts in oral microbiome profiles toward more pathogenic gene expression and taxa composition, increased translocation, and biofilm formation. The link between stress and periodontitis is multiform and includes hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and catecholamine activation, production of immune mediators of inflammation and, clinically, syndromes of depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and sleep-wake disorders.

Summary
Psychological stress appears to be an important modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of periodontitis and other periodontal diseases.
Effect of hydrothermal treatment on the carbon structure of Inner Mongolia lignite
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhang Dexiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the structural properties of lignite during hydrothermal treatment would aid in predicting the subsequent behavior of coal during the pyrolysis, liquefaction, and gasification processes. Here, hydrothermal treatment of Inner Mongolia lignite (IM) was carried out in a lab autoclave. The distribution of carbon in the lignite was monitored via solid 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the functional groups of oxygen in lignite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The curve-fitting method was used to calculate the content of the functional groups quantitatively. The results show that hydrothermal treatment is an effective method for upgrading the lignite. The side chains of the aromatic ring in lignite are altered, while the main macromolecular structure remains nearly the same. The hydrothermal treatment of IM could be divided into three temperature-dependent stages. The first stage (< 493 K) is the decomposition reaction of oxygen functional groups, where the O/C ratio decreases from 0.203 in raw IM to 0.185 for the IM treated at 493 K. In the second stage (493–533 K), hydrolysis of functional groups and hydrogen transfer between water and lignite occur. Here, the ratio of methylene to methyl increases from 0.871 in IM-493 to 1.241 for IM-533, and the content of quinone generates from the condensation of free phenol increased. The third stage (> 533 K) involves breakage of the covalent bond, and the content of CH4 and CO in the emission gas clearly increase.
Viability of Image Compression in Vibrothermography
Authors: Chi X. , Zhang Y. , Di Maio D. , Lieven N.A.J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis research focuses on the verification of the viability of image compression in infrared thermography in order to address the problem of data storage. Specifically, images from vibrothermographic tests were utilized due to their special characteristics compared to the results from alternative infrared thermography techniques, which are able to introduce additional uncertainties to the compression process. In this research, an adaptive algorithm based on the lifting discrete wavelet transform and set-partitioning embedded blocks was used for image compression. Five different methods, namely the compression ratio, mean squared error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index and coordinate modal assurance criterion, were applied to evaluate the performance of the compression process while identifying and locating the regions affected more significantly after image compression. Feature extraction through the independent component analysis was then applied to the images to separate the features such as the hot spots so that the influence from the image compression process on each important feature could be evaluated independently. In this article, the theoretical background of the applied data processing techniques is firstly presented. Through two sets of data acquired from vibrothermographic tests on an aerospace-grade composite plate containing delamination, the effects of the image compression process on the relevant hot spots are evaluated, and the effectiveness of the compression process is verified. It is demonstrated that the compression process was able to reduce the size of the images significantly without adversely affecting the quality of the important features indicating the presence of damage. The major characteristics of the key features have been successfully preserved after effective image compression.
3D simulation of gas-laden liquid flows in centrifugal pumps and the assessment of two-fluid CFD methods
Authors: Hundshagen Markus , Mansour Michael , Thévenin Dominique , Skoda Romuald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn assessment of a two-fluid model assuming a continuous liquid and a dispersed gas phase for 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of gas/liquid flow in a centrifugal research pump is performed. A monodisperse two-fluid model, in conjunction with a statistical eddy-viscosity turbulence model, is utilized. By a comprehensive measurement database, a thorough assessment of model inaccuracies is enabled. The results on a horizontal diffuser flow reveal that the turbulence model is one main limitation of simulation accuracy for gas/liquid flows. Regarding pump flows, distinctions of single-phase and two-phase flow in a closed and semi-open impeller are figured out. Even single-phase flow simulations reveal challenging requirements on a high spatial resolution, e.g., of the rounded blade trailing edge and the tip clearance gap flow. In two-phase pump operation, gas accumulations lead to coherent gas pockets that are predicted partly at wrong locations within the blade channel. At best, a qualitative prediction of gas accumulations and the head drop towards increasing inlet gas volume fractions (IGVF) can be obtained. One main limitation of two-fluid methods for pump flow is figured out in terms of the violation of the dilute, disperse phase assumption due to locally high disperse phase loading within coherent gas accumulations. In these circumstances, bubble population models do not appear beneficial compared to a monodisperse bubble distribution. Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) methods may be utilized to capture the phase interface at large accumulated gas cavities, requiring a high spatial resolution. Thus, a hybrid model, i.e., a dispersed phase two-fluid model including polydispersity for flow regions with a dilute gas phase, should be combined with an interphase capturing model, e.g., in terms of VOF. This hybrid model, together with scale-resolving turbulence models, seems to be indispensable for a quantitative two-phase pump performance prediction.
The Ripple Effect: The Political Consequences of Proximal Contact with Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Walker Hannah , Roman Marcel , Barreto Matt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA growing body of research suggests that proximal exposure to immigration enforcement can have important social and health-related consequences. However, there is little research identifying the impact of proximal contact with immigration policy on political attitudes and behaviors, and still less investigating the underlying mechanisms that might connect contact and political dispositions. Drawing on insights from criminal justice, we argue that proximal immigration contact influences political behavior via a sense of injustice with respect to the discriminatory application of immigration enforcement. The impact of a sense of injustice should primarily hold among Latinos, who are targeted on the basis of race, ethnicity, accent, and skin color. Nevertheless, it may also hold among Blacks, whose communities are targeted more generally, and Asians, to whom issues related to immigration are likewise important. In order to assess this theory, we leverage a survey with nationally representative samples of four different racial groups. We find that proximal contact motivates participation in protests, and does so indirectly via a sense of injustice for white and Asian respondents. Latino and Black respondents are primarily motivated by injustice irrespective of contact. In sum, the results suggest that immigration enforcement and non-immigration-related criminal justice policies may have similar political effects on those who are proximately affected.
Effect of dietary selenium on postprandial protein deposition in the muscle of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Long , Zhang Dianfu , Li Sai , Yin Jiaojiao , Xu Zhen , Zhang Xuezhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSe, an essential biological trace element, is required for fish growth. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Protein deposition in muscle is an important determinant for fish growth. This study was conducted on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to explore the nutritional effects of Se on protein deposition in fish muscle by analysing the postprandial dynamics of both protein synthesis and protein degradation. Trout were fed a basal diet supplemented with or without 4 mg/kg Se (as Se yeast), which has been previously demonstrated as the optimal supplemental level for rainbow trout growth. After 6 weeks of feeding, dietary Se supplementation exerted no influence on fish feed intake, whereas it increased fish growth rate, feed efficiency, protein retention rate and muscle protein content. Results of postprandial dynamics (within 24 h after feeding) of protein synthesis and degradation in trout muscle showed that dietary Se supplementation led to a persistently hyperactivated target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway and the suppressive expression of numerous genes related to the ubiquitin–proteasome system and the autophagy–lysosome system after the feeding. However, the ubiquitinated proteins and microtubule-associated light chain 3B (LC3)-II:LC3-I ratio, biomarkers for ubiquitination and autophagy activities, respectively, exhibited no significant differences among the fish fed different experimental diets throughout the whole postprandial period. Overall, this study demonstrated a promoting effect of nutritional level of dietary Se on protein deposition in fish muscle by accelerating postprandial protein synthesis. These results provide important insights about the regulatory role of dietary Se in fish growth.