bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of drying time on the yield and the chemical composition of essential oil and dissolved oil in hydrolat from aerial parts of Moroccan Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav
Authors: Moukhles Abderrahman , Ibn Mansour Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

<p>The present research aimed to study the effect of drying time on the yield and chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and dissolved oil in hydrolat (HY) from aerial parts of Moroccan <em>Thymbra capitata</em> (L.) Cav. Drying of plant material was carried out naturally in the shade of a draughty place at room temperature (25–27°C). A series of 10 plant samples were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The results indicated that the yield of EO increased with drying time to reach the highest value on the 8<sup>th</sup> drying day (2.7%), while the yield of HY has not undergone an apparent variation (0.2% – 0.6%). Based on the GC-MS analyses, EO was composed mainly of the phenolic monoterpene carvacrol (80.10%–92.27%) along with its biogenetic precursors' monoterpene hydrocarbons in a 1.02%–4.81% range <em>p</em>-cymene and 0.24% -1.86 % <em>γ</em>-terpinene. Other essential components occurring in minor quantity were sesquiterpene hydrocarbon <em>a</em>-humulene (2.58% – 4.67%) and oxygenated monoterpene linalool (0.80% –2.06%). At the same time, HY was constituted mainly of carvacrol (94.67–98.42%) along with <em>a</em>-humulene at much lower concentrations (0.31%–0.86%) and the oxygenated derivative acetovanillone acetate (0.2%–1.80%). On the other hand, the highest concentration of carvacrol in EO was reached on the 5<sup>th</sup> day of the drying plant process (92.27%), while the HY recovered on the 7<sup>th</sup> day has shown carvacrol in its highest concentration (98.42%).</p>
TiO2 microring resonators with high Q and compact footprint fabricated by a bottom-up method
Authors: Li Gaoyuan , Fu Meicheng , Zheng Yi , Guan Xiaowei 
Published: August 2020

Titanium dioxide (

T
i
O

2

) microring resonators (MRRs) with high quality factors (Qs) are demonstrated by using a new, to the best of our knowledge, bottom-up fabrication method. Pattern platforms with a T-shaped cross section are first defined by etching a thin top layer of silicon nitride and a thick bottom layer of silica and partially undercutting the silica. Then,

T
i
O

2

is deposited on the platforms to form the

T
i
O

2

waveguides and devices.

T
i
O

2

MRRs with different bending radii, waveguide widths, and gaps in the bus waveguide are fabricated and measured. The intrinsic

Q

(

Q

i
n
t

) is achieved to be

∼

1.1

×

10

5

at the telecommunication wavelengths, corresponding to a bend waveguide loss of 3.9 dB/cm while the compact MRR with a radius of 10 µm can still sustain a

Q

i
n
t

of

∼

10

5

. These results not only unfold the feasibilities of the proposed bottom-up method for fabricating

T
i
O

2

waveguides and MRRs with high Qs and compact footprints but also suggest a new approach for fabricating waveguides in other materials, of which direct etching is not easily accessible.
Direct hyperspectral dual-comb gas imaging in the mid-infrared
Authors: Ullah Khan Farid , Guarnizo Guillermo , Martín-Mateos Pedro 
Published: August 2020

In this Letter, we present and experimentally validate the first direct hyperspectral dual-comb gas imaging system operating in the mid-infrared region. This method provides an unmatched combination of super-fine spectral characterization and high temporal resolution without the need for thermal contrast between the target molecules and the background. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the system has allowed us to perform precision hyperspectral imaging of butane in the 3.4 µm band with a time resolution of 1 s.
Predictors for Submucosal Fibrosis in Patients With Superficial Squamous Esophageal Neoplasia Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Zhuang Xiaoduan , Xu Ming , Chen Zhenyu , Wang Jianqi , Qian Kai , Wang Shihao , Deng Guoming , Bai Yang 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Submucosal fibrosis greatly hinders the success of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). This study determined ESD outcomes in patients with esophageal submucosal fibrosis and further explored the predictors.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed 163 patients with superficial squamous esophageal neoplasia. The degree of submucosal fibrosis was classified as follows: F0, none; F1, mild; and F2, severe. ESD outcomes as a function of the degree of submucosal fibrosis and biopsy were determined. The potential predictors of submucosal fibrosis were analyzed.

RESULTS:
En bloc resection, R0 resection, and procedure time were significantly different between the F0-F2 groups (P = 0.009, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). Perforation and immediate bleeding rates of F2 were significantly higher than the F0/F1 groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the nonbiopsy group vs the biopsy group and the delayed ESD group (postbiopsy >21 days) vs the early ESD group (postbiopsy ≤21 days) showed no statistical differences regarding the en bloc resection, R0 resection, and ESD complications (all P > 0.05). Further analysis indicated that it was not the biopsy history and delayed ESD (both P > 0.05), rather submucosal invasion vs intramucosal tumor (odds ratio = 4.534, P = 0.003) and current smoker vs nonsmoker (odds ratio = 2.145, P = 0.043) were independent risk factors for endoscopic submucosal fibrosis.

DISCUSSION:
Esophageal submucosal fibrosis was shown to be closely related to unsatisfactory ESD outcomes. Biopsy history and delayed ESD had no adverse effect on submucosal fibrosis and ESD outcomes. Submucosal invasion and current cigarette smoking were predictors of submucosal fibrosis.
Extragastrointestinal Symptoms and Sensory Responses During Breath Tests Distinguish Patients With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Wilder-Smith Clive H. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Materna Andrea , Olesen Søren S. 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are classified based on their gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, without considering their frequent extra-GI symptoms. This study defined subgroups of patients using both GI and extra-GI symptoms and examined underlying mechanisms with fructose and lactose breath tests.

METHODS:
Latent class analysis defined distinct clusters of patients with FGID based on their long-term GI and extra-GI symptoms. Sensory and breath gas responses after fructose and lactose ingestion were compared across symptom clusters to investigate differences in sensory function and fermentation by intestinal microbiota.

RESULTS:
Six symptom clusters were identified in 2,083 patients with FGID. Clusters were characterized mainly by GI fermentation-type (cluster 1), allergy-like (cluster 2), intense pain-accentuated GI symptoms (cluster 3), central nervous system (cluster 4), musculoskeletal (cluster 5), and generalized extra-GI (cluster 6) symptoms. In the 68% of patients with complete breath tests, the areas under the curve of GI and central nervous system symptoms after fructose and lactose ingestion differed across the clusters (P < 0.001). The clusters with extensive long-term extra-GI symptoms had greater symptoms after the sugars and were predominantly women, with family or childhood allergy histories. Importantly, the areas under the curves of hydrogen and methane breath concentrations were similar (P > 0.05) across all symptom clusters. Rome III criteria did not distinguish between the symptom clusters.

DISCUSSION:
Patients with FGID fall into clusters defined extensively by extra-GI symptoms. Greater extra-GI symptoms are associated with evidence of generalized sensory hypersensitivity to sugar ingestion, unrelated to intestinal gas production. Possible underlying mechanisms include metabolites originating from the intestinal microbiota and somatization.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: The Optimum Timing and Gut Microbiota as Predictors for Long-Term Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Li Qianqian , Ding Xiao , Liu Kangjian , Marcella Cicilia , Liu Xiaolin , Zhang Ting , Liu Yafei , Li Pan , Xiang Liyuan , Cui Bota , Wang Jun , Bai Jianling , Zhang Faming 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The previous researches aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for ulcerative colitis (UC) in a short-term observation. The present study aimed to explore the optimum timing of FMT for maintaining the long-term clinical benefits and to target the gut microbiota that may help to predict the long-term success or failure of FMT in UC.

METHODS:
Two hundred two patients with UC were recruited from November 2012 to September 2018. The primary endpoint of this study was the maintaining time of the first and second courses of FMT. Relapse was defined as partial Mayo score ≥2 after achieving clinical remission and an increase of partial Mayo score ≥1 after achieving clinical response. The stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

RESULTS:
The median maintaining time of the efficacy was 120 days (IQR, 45–180) and 182.5 days (IQR, 105–311.25) from the first course and second course of FMT, respectively. No FMT-related serious adverse events were observed. The differences of the relative abundance in Eggerthella, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus between pre-FMT and 5 days post-FMT were remarkably correlated with the long-term clinical remission (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
This study demonstrated that patients with UC should undergo the second course of FMT within 4 months after the first course of FMT for maintaining the long-term clinical benefits. The short-term alterations of microbiota after FMT may be conducive to predicting the long-term efficacy of FMT in UC (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/CTG/A363).
Safety in Ice Hockey: 6th Volume
Authors: Smith Terry A. , Ashare Alan B. 
Published: August 2020

Description
The sixth volume of this important series presents the latest research on safety for researchers, coaches, players, parents, and anyone with a love and interest in the game.
Nine peer-reviewed papers provide key, timely information on preventing and decreasing the risk of both acute and long-term injury, particularly brain injury. With new technologies that provide further insight into the biomechanics of head impacts, we include research from experts related to other contact sports for a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach.
The research in this book will help provide better understanding of injuries and the mechanisms of those injuries, leading to better solutions and prevention techniques. Discussions include
COVID-19 and Parent-Child Psychological Well-being
Authors: Gassman-Pines Anna , Ananat Elizabeth Oltmans , Fitz-Henley John 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has changed American society in ways that are difficult to capture in a timely manner. With this study, we take advantage of daily survey data collected before and after the crisis started to investigate the hypothesis that the crisis has worsened parents’ and children’s psychological well-being. We also examine the extent of crisis-related hardships and evaluate the hypothesis that the accumulation of hardships will be associated with parent and child psychological well-being.

METHODS:
Daily survey data were collected between February 20 and April 27, 2020, from hourly service workers with a young child (aged 2–7) in a large US city (N = 8222 person-days from 645 individuals). A subsample completed a one-time survey about the effects of the crisis fielded between March 23 and April 26 (subsample n = 561).

RESULTS:
Ordered probit models revealed that the frequency of parent-reported daily negative mood increased significantly since the start of the crisis. Many families have experienced hardships during the crisis, including job loss, income loss, caregiving burden, and illness. Both parents’ and children’s well-being in the postcrisis period was strongly associated with the number of crisis-related hardships that the family experienced.

CONCLUSIONS:
Consistent with our hypotheses, in families that have experienced multiple hardships related to the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis, both parents’ and children’s mental health is worse. As the crisis continues to unfold, pediatricians should screen for mental health, with particular attention to children whose families are especially vulnerable to economic and disease aspects of the crisis.
Is Japan Religious?
Authors: Kavanaugh Christopher M. , Jong Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

The popular image of Japan and religion presents something of a paradox. On the one hand, large cross-cultural surveys frequently present Japan as a country of non-believers, where only 10–15% of the population selfidentify as religious and the vast majority rank religion as being of little importance to their lives. Yet, any visitor to Japan is likely to be struck by the sheer number of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples that dot the landscape, and the diverse array of festivals (matsuri) that are performed at these sites. In this article, we argue that the apparent paradox is actually an illusion generated by the unwarranted ethnocentric assumption that religion everywhere must resemble the features of the Abrahamic faiths that are predominant in Western societies. To make our case we first review recurrent theoretical and definitional debates concerning religion and examine how they relate to the Japanese context. Second, we explore patterns in contemporary data from an online survey of N = 1,000 Japanese that asked about religious beliefs and practices. We illustrate through the results obtained that to understand religion in Japan it is necessary to move beyond theocentric approaches and expectations that religious belief must be tied to religious identities or exclusive membership in a given tradition. To conclude, we argue that the patterns observed in Japan demonstrate that scholars who wish to explore religion cross-culturally need to take greater account of orthopraxic cultural contexts and distinguish between ‘theocentric’ doctrinal beliefs and broader supernatural beliefs.
Rotational surfaces with Cheng-Yau operator in Galilean 3-spaces
Authors: KELLECİ AKBAY Alev 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study three types of rotational surfaces in Galilean 3-spaces. We classify rotational surfaces satisfying $$L_1G=F(G+C)$$ for some constant vector $C\in \mathbb{G}^3$ and smooth function $F$, where $L_1$ denotes the Cheng-Yau operator.
REVITALISASI KUNINGAN MOJOKERTO: DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK MELALUI TRANSFORMASI LOKALITAS MENUJU MODERNITAS
Authors: Agustina Ira Audia , Wijaya Ida Bagus Ananta 
Published: August 2020

The brass craftsmen form Bejijong Village, Trowulan Subistrict , Mojokerto Regency, is a craftsmen community who had a heyday in Majapahit Era (1293-1500) and still operating until today. But now its existence are in stagnation due to the difficulty of getting the successor and weak competitiveness to the evolution of lifestyle and market tastes. The products produced by Bejijong craftsmen are limited to souvenir products, which resulting a very narrow-range market penetration. In international market, Bejijong craftmen’s product have a low product diversification compared to products from India and Thailand which have a similar qualities and product characteristics. Some of these problems make the Bejijong craftsmen’s products are difficult to compete in domestic and international market. Therefore, this research was held to contributing the diversification development of products that can be produced by Bejijong craftsmen, namely as a variety of interior functional products. This study uses the design thinking brainstorming with the use of transformative design method, and material combining, to creating a product novelty and market-price competitiveness. Data collection was obtained through literature studies on the richness locality and originality of Mojokerto’s motifs, shapes and patterns, as well as market research about consumer’s tastes and needs by field observations, conducting interviews as well as questionnaries with the Bejijong craftsmen communities and customers. Through this method, Mojokerto’s richness of local shape, motifs, and pattern will be applied to a variety of aesthetically-interior functional products that can address current market needs. It is hoped that by this product transformation can escalating the product competitiveness and offering the uniqueness of locality and identity to the Bejijong craftmen’s products
Crescimento e estado nutricional do quiabeiro (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) submetido a adubação com biofertilizantes
Authors: Sales Jonnathan Richeds da Silva , Souza Maria Vanessa Pires de , Sousa Geocleber Gomes de , Magalhães Clarissa Lima , Costa Francisco Hermeson Rodrigues , Viana Thales Vinicius de Araujo 
Published: August 2020

<p>Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento inicial e os teores foliares de macronutrientes em plantas de quiabo (<em>Abelmoschus esculentus</em> L.) em função de diferentes doses e tipos de biofertilizantes. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Piroás da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Unilab), no município de Redenção (CE). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, referente a cinco doses de biofertilizante (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 L planta<sup>-1</sup> semana<sup>-1</sup>) e a dois tipos de biofertilizante (bovino e caprino). Foram analisadas as variáveis: altura de planta (AP), área foliar (AF), número de folhas (NF), diâmetro do caule (DC) e teores foliares de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg). O incremento das doses de biofertilizante contribuiu de forma positiva nas variáveis AP, AF, NF e DC. O insumo bovino foi mais eficiente quando comparado ao caprino para as variáveis AF e NF. O teor de N nas folhas foi elevado com o incremento das doses de biofertilizante. O fertilizante caprino promoveu um maior conteúdo de K nas folhas quando comparado ao bovino. Com a elevação das doses dos biofertilizantes bovino e caprino, os teores foliares de P, Mg e Ca foram reduzidos.</p>
Nutrition of Edible Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii Related to Different Environmental Coastal Water Condition
Authors: Dewi Eko Nurcahya , Darmanto Darmanto , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto 
Published: August 2020

Edible seaweed K. alvarezii collected from different coastal waters in Indonesia (Morowali and Teluk Ekas). The seaweed was extracted into semirefined carrageenan and it was determined on their nutrition quality. The results showed that the essential amino acids content of the three different samples SRC were similar as follows: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glysine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine. The gel strength (g/cm2) and viscosities value in Morowali, Ekas coastal waters and commercial SRC were different in the samples. FTIR spectroscopy determined that molecular present in three samples were kappa carrageenan.
The Effects of Papain Enzyme Supplement in Feed on Protein Digestibility, Growth and Survival Rate in Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias sp)
Authors: Rachmawati Diana , Samidjan Istiyanto 
Published: August 2020

The study aimed to assess the effects of Papain Enzyme Supplement in Feed on Protein Digestibity, Growth and Survival Rate of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias sp). Fingerlings used in the study were acquired from the Center for Freshwater Hatchery and Aquaculture, Muntilan, Central Java, Indonesia. The fingerlings had average weight of 3.43±0.50 g/fish. Completely Randomized Design was used in the experiments with 5 (five) treatment and 3 (three) repetitions. The experimental feed contained 31% of protein and 252.06 Kcal/g of energy. Various doses of the addition of papain enzyme were incorporated into the feed, those doses were A (0 g/kg feed), B (2 g/kg feed), C (4 g/kg feed), D (6 g/kg feed) and E (8 g/kg feed). Parameters of digestibility of protein (ADCP), relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of feed utilization (EFU), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival rate (SR) and water quality were evaluated. The papain enzyme supplement significantly (P<0.01) influenced on ADCp, RGR, EFU, FCR, and PER, otherwise SR of catfish was insignificantly affected by the papain enzyme supplement. The best treatment result was the addition of 6/kg feed papain enzyme (treatment D). The study concluded that the optimum dose of the papain enzyme supplement for ADCp, EFU, FCR, PER and RGR were 5.65, 5.62, 6.0, 5.66, 6.0 g/kg feed respectively. Water quality during study was still in favorable condition for nurturing Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp).
HIV Serodiscordance among Couples in Cameroon: Effects on Sexual and Reproductive Health
Authors: Tchakounté Constantin , Nkenfou Céline N. , Tchouangueu Thibau F. , Ngoufack, Nicole M. , Tchuandom Salomon B. , Ngono Olivier D. , Kuiate Jules-Rogers , Ndjolo Alexis 
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: One of the main reasons for risky sexual behavior observed in HIV serodiscordant couples despite the knowledge of the partner’s status and counselling is childbearing. In Cameroon, there are few reports on HIV serodiscordant couples. This paper describes the influence of HIV on sexual relationships and decision to procreate.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five health centers. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect social and demographic information, while semi-structured in-depth individual and couple interviews were used to explore sexual relationships and decisions about fatherhood/motherhood. Blood samples were collected from the couples and tested for HIV to confirm serodiscordance. The data were analyzed using the GraphPad Prism Version 6 software.
Results: A total of 53/192 (27.6%) HIV serodiscordant couples participated in the study, and 18/74 (24.32%) HIV positive seroconcordant couples and 32/80 HIV negative seroconcordant couples were used as controls. The majority of HIV-positive partners in serodiscordant couples were women (30/53), of whom 25/30 were on antiretroviral therapy. Nearly half of the respondents (23 /53) reported tensions related to serodiscordance, shown by reduced sex frequency. The use of condoms was not systematically observed among seroconcordant and serodiscordant couples with respective proportions of 55.55% and 20.75% (p = 0.0086). Thirty seven out of 53 HIV serodiscordant couples wanted children, among them, seven couples did not have any and expressed their aspiration for parenthood despite fear of infecting one’s partner.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Sexuality of serodiscordant couples as well as of HIV positive seroconcordant couples was affected by the presence of HIV/AIDS. The desire to procreate may lead couples to adopt risky sexual behaviors. It is important to define specific guidelines for serodiscordant couples in order to improve their sexual life and consequently enable them to procreate with minimal risk of infecting their partner and or to transmit the virus to their baby.
Key words: • HIV • Serodiscordance • Sexual health • Childbearing • Cameroon • Reproductive health

Copyright © 2020 Tchakounté et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.