bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metaplasticity in the Ventral Pallidum as a Potential Marker for the Propensity to Gain Weight in Chronic High-Calorie Diet
Authors: Gendelis Shani , Inbar Dorrit , Inbar Kineret , Mesner Shanee , Kupchik Yonatan M. 
Published: November 2020

A major driver of obesity is the increasing palatability of processed foods. Although reward circuits promote the consumption of palatable food, their involvement in obesity remains unclear. The ventral pallidum (VP) is a key hub in the reward system that encodes the hedonic aspects of palatable food consumption and participates in various proposed feeding circuits. However, there is still no evidence for its involvement in developing diet-induced obesity. Here we examine, using male C57BL6/J mice and patch-clamp electrophysiology, how chronic high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet changes the physiology of the VP and whether mice that gain the most weight differ in their VP physiology from others. We found that 10–12 weeks of HFHS diet hyperpolarized and decreased the firing rate of VP neurons without a major change in synaptic inhibitory input. Within the HFHS group, the top 33% weight gainers (WGs) had a more hyperpolarized VP with longer latency to fire action potentials on depolarization compared with bottom 33% of weight gainers (i.e., non-weight gainers). WGs also showed synaptic potentiation of inhibitory inputs both at the millisecond and minute ranges. Moreover, we found that the tendency to potentiate the inhibitory inputs to the VP might exist in overeating mice even before exposure to HFHS, thus making it a potential property of being an overeater. These data point to the VP as a critical player in obesity and suggest that hyperpolarized membrane potential of, and potentiated inhibitory inputs to, VP neurons may play a significant role in promoting the overeating of palatable food.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn modern world, where highly palatable food is readily available, overeating is often driven by motivational, rather than metabolic, needs. It is thus conceivable that reward circuits differ between obese and normal-weight individuals. But is such difference, if it exists, innate or does it develop with overeating? Here we reveal synaptic properties in the ventral pallidum, a central hub of reward circuits, that differ between mice that gain the most and the least weight when given unlimited access to highly palatable food. We show that these synaptic differences also exist without exposure to palatable food, potentially making them innate properties that render some more susceptible than others to overeat. Thus, the propensity to overeat may have a strong innate component embedded in reward circuits.
The correlation of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio compared to D-dimer as a diagnostic test in Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Authors: Sujana Kadek Yuda , Semadi I Nyoman , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus 
Published: November 2020

Background:Â Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that occurs in the inner veins caused by heart disease, infection, cancer, and prolonged immobilization of the limbs. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) have been known as a marker of the primary hemostasis process related to the inflammatory pathway. This study aims to evaluate the correlation of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio compared to D-dimer as a diagnostic test in Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)Methods:Â A cross-sectional approach has been conducted in this diagnostic study at the Sanglah General Hospital by using secondary data from medical records during July 2018-2019. The study sample consisted of 49 patients with suspected DVT originating from a population who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables assessed in this study were NLR, PLR, and D-Dimer. Data collection and data analysis were performed by SPSS version 17 for Windows.Results:Â The average age of respondents was 53.10Â±13.40 years old. Most of the respondents were male (59.20%), having edema in the lower extremity (61.20%), left unilateral laterality (53.10%), and D-Dimer levels â‰¥ 0,5 Âµg/ml (76.1%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the average value of NLR (9,07Â±4,2) and PLR (183,55Â±66,52) with the occurrence of DVT (P<0.05). The Area Under Curve (AUC) of ROC Analysis was 94.40% (Cut-off: 8.20; p<0.050) in NLR and 92.10% (Cut-off: 159.66) in PLR to the D-Dimer on the incidence of DVT. There was a significant moderate positive correlation between NLR and PLR combination on DVT incidences (r=0.532; p=0.001).Conclusion:Â NLR and PLR can be used as an alternative to DVT diagnostic tools due to high sensitivity and specificity, easy to use, inexpensive, simple, and widely available in Indonesia.
Features of in-hospital clinical course of pulmonary embolism in patients of different age groups
Authors: Shmidt E. A. , Berns S. A. , Neeshpapa A. G. , Talyzin P. A. , Zhidkova I. I. , Mamchur I. N. , Potapenko A. A. , Chukalenko D. A. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: November 2020

Aim.To study the clinical course and management of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) of various age groups hospitalized in a cardiology hospital.Material and methods.This prospective single-center study in the period from 2016 to 2018 included 154 patients with PE verified by computed tomography. Statistical processing was conducted using the MedCalcVersion 16.2.1 software package (Softwa, Belgium).Results.In all groups, female patients dominated, but the highest number of women (70,7%) belonged to the group of senile patients, while in the group <60 years, only half of patients with PE were women. Comorbid cardiovascular disease and deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed in eldest patients significantly more often than in those <60 years of age. The highest prevalence of cancer and recurrent PE were identified in the group of elderly patients. Thrombolytic therapy was performed most often in patients 60-75 years old, since these patients had a high risk of 30-day mortality according to Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index, but did not have severe comorbidities, as patients older than 75 years. An increase of right atrium size was found in the group of elderly and senile patients in comparison with patients <60 years. The highest pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressure was observed in the patients older than 75 years.Conclusion.In the Kemerovo Oblast, PE most often develops in patients aged 60-75 years and is characterized by a more severe clinical course compared with patients younger than 60 years. Patients over the 60 years of age have severe cardiovascular comorbidity status, atrial fibrillation/flutter and recurrent PE. Surgical treatment for senile patients is limited due to the high risk of postoperative complications, which specifies high mortality. Patients <60 years of age are a third of all patients hospitalized with PE. They have a low risk of mortality, but have an unfavorable course of the hospital period.
Progressive multifaceted approach to the management of geriatric patients with cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Ilnitski A. N. , Prashchayeu K. I. , Korshun E. I. , Kravchenko E. S. , Pokachalova M. A. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. To develop a progressive multifaceted approach to the management of geriatric patients with cardiac arrhythmias.Material and methods. The study was carried out in 2 stages. The study sample consisted of 262 elderly and senile people (mean age, 69,5±1,1 years). There 145 elderly (mean age, 68,4±1,2 years) and 117 senile patients (mean age 74,4±1,3 years). We analyzed medications used for six months in geriatric patients with arrhytmias and senile asthenia (SA) and without it. The combined strategy of management of geriatric patients with arrhytmias and SA was tested.Results. SA is most common in geriatric patients who are taking drugs such as class I a, b, c antiarrhythmics, class V antiarrhythmics (cardiac glycosides), diuretics (torasemide, furosemide), and statins. This indicates the need to avoid polypharmacy and to adjust the treatment of geriatric patients with cardiac arrhythmias in accordance with Beers criteria. Presented study revealed that in patients with SA, the total antioxidant activity is reduced, which indicates the need to restore antioxidant defence to such patients. A combined strategy has been developed for the management of geriatric patients with cardiac arrhytmias and SA.Conclusion. The combined strategy of managing older patients with arrhytmias and SA helped to improve the geriatric status, prevent SA, and increase antioxidant defence. A significant improvement in the quality of life was noted, in particular, in relation to the mental and psychological well-being.
Breastfeeding Decision-Making in an Addiction Trajectory: An Exploratory Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Cook Kristy J. , Larson Kim L. 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeGlobally, five million women are affected by opioid use disorder (OUD). Women with OUD are less likely to breastfeed than the general population, increasing risk of neonatal withdrawal. Theoretical frameworks related to breastfeeding did not address women with OUD. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model to better understand breastfeeding disparities among this vulnerable population.MethodsA grounded theory study was conducted from August 2018 to March 2019 to investigate concepts likely to influence breastfeeding decisions in women with OUD. In-depth interviews were conducted in North Carolina with 10 women in recovery who breastfed, and their six identified support persons. Data were analyzed through iterative coding. This article focuses on maternal perspectives of breastfeeding informed by support persons.ResultsThe overarching theme was breastfeeding decision-making in an addiction trajectory. Two antecedent pathways led to the recovery–relapse cycle. This cycle involved seeking, initiating, and maintaining recovery with episodic relapse. Perceived stigma linked the recovery–relapse cycle with breastworks. Breastworks, an emergent concept, was characterized by learning and knowing, good intentions, and health-care provider sensitivity.Implications for PracticeThis grounded theory model may inform clinicians in caring for women with OUD and support breastfeeding and newborn well-being. Strategies to address research and practice may include the development of a mobile application, having women in recovery on the health-care team, and incorporation of breastfeeding guidelines.
Gentrification in the Global South: new insights from Chinese Studies
Authors: Guan Haotian , Cao Huhua 
Published: November 2020

Following the introduction of the “gentrification” concept by Ruth Glass in 1964, Anglo-Saxon urban geographers have extensively studied the process and phenomenon of gentrification. In recent years, gentrification studies have moved beyond the Anglo-Saxon academic field. This paper aims to review the current stage of English-Language gentrification studies about China. Using the case of China, the paper argues that gentrification can be generalized to a universally applied paradigm. However, the challenges of studying gentrification in any country are to transfer and adapt the broad paradigm that could capture the complexities of local conditions. Scholars studying gentrification in China have recognized the local and national differences that are specific to China and have worked out to establish their own theories.
Verification of Field Data and Forecast Model Based on Variational Autoencoder in the Application to the Mechanized Fund
Authors: Volkov Nikita Alekseevich , Dakhova Elizaveta Yuryevna , Adrianova Alla Mikhailovna , Budennyy Semen Andeevich 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The importance of quality, consistent data is difficult to overestimate. The better the field data describes the real system, the higher the predictive ability of models at all levels based on it and the higher the accuracy of production decisions. This issue is particularly relevant in the context of data from the mechanized well stock. The paper presents both methods of data analysis in real time, and an approach for retrospective analysis (analysis of historical data) in the application to well data in the operation of the ESP. The key advantage of the model presented in the paper is that it allows considering a complex set of time dependencies, taking into account their mutual influence.
In order to account for the dependencies between physical quantities and time, a model using probabilistic neural networks has been developed allowing for retrospective filtering and data filtering in streaming mode. The model is based on the principle of the conditional variational autoencoder model. This model of a neural network is characterized by the fact that it allows establishing the main dependencies in the data with acceptable quality under given conditions. A special feature of the research model is its probabilistic nature, that is, it is able to calculate data distributions, as well as distributions of values on certain layers. The distribution at the model output is used to estimate the degree of abnormality of objects. Special data transformations, the introduction of weights and the addition of key features, allow dealing with missing values (often observed in field data due to sensor malfunction, features of measurement measures, inconsistencies in time scales for several measurements, etc.), and fix important patterns in the data. The key point in working with features is a special scheme for preprocessing time series, namely, the introduction of weights depended on the frequency of measurements, and the calculation of weighted quantiles for different time intervals.
Reduced risk of metastatic breast cancer recurrence after bone fractures
Authors: Obi Nadia , Werner Stefan , Thelen Frank , Pantel Klaus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent experimental studies indicate that bone fractures result in the release of cytokines and cells that promote metastasis. Obtaining observational data on bone fractures after breast cancer diagnosis related to distant breast cancer recurrence risk could help determine whether fall prevention strategies can contribute to reduce breast cancer mortality.
We used data from the largest German statutory health insurance fund (Techniker Krankenkasse) in a population-based cohort study of breast cancer patients diagnosed between January 2015 and November 2019. ICD-10 codes were documented monthly to quarterly. Fractures diagnosed simultaneous or after the initial breast cancer and metastases diagnosed initially from half a year later on served as exposure and outcome, respectively. The risk of regional, distant non-bone or bone metastasis related to a fracture was modelled by adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis.
Of 154,000 breast cancer patients, 82,039 had a follow-up time of more than half a year. During follow-up, fractures were diagnosed in 11,900 (14.5%) patients and regional or distant metastases occurred in 7,011 (8.5%). The risk for a metastasis was reduced in patients, who had a fracture (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.53, 0.62) compared to patients without, particularly for lymph node metastasis and moderately less pronounced in bone-metastasis (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.61, 0.79).
In view of the positive effects of sports on health of cancer survivors, the present results will decrease the anxiety of breast cancer patients that risking bone fractures might have a negative impact on their disease-specific outcome.
Predicting HLA-I peptide immunogenicity with deep learning and molecular dynamics
Authors: Weber Jeffrey , Chowell Diego , Krishna Chirag , Chan Timothy , Zhou Ruhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Understanding how T cells discriminate self from non-self is a fundamental question with important implications for immunology, immunotherapy, and vaccine development. Presentation of peptides by human leukocyte antigen I (HLA-I) molecules is necessary but not sufficient for T cell recognition, and peptide features that dictate immunogenicity are obscure. Here, we develop a convolutional neural network that learns features governing peptide immunogenicity, integrating molecular dynamics and sequence representations of humans, pathogen, and tumor peptides presented by HLA-I. Our model identified structural and dynamical properties correlated with immunogenicity and yielded a highly accurate classification of peptides from pathogens versus humans. Furthermore, we applied our model to classify more challenging cancer neoantigens, and it successfully predicted immunogenic neoepitopes from patients with melanomas. These data demonstrate the utility of deep learning models built on molecular dynamics and reveal underlying properties that govern HLA-I peptide immunogenicity.
Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: Operative Outcomes in the Military
Authors: Lausé Greg E , Egbert Rachel A , Ryan Paul M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) operative outcomes within the active duty United States military have not been previously reviewed. Materials and Methods: A single center retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with IAT was performed. Surgical patients were followed until they returned to full duty or were released from the military. Outcomes included Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, the ability to return to running and time to do so, and the ability to return to military specific duty. All complications were recorded and followed until resolution. Statistical analysis was performed with an independent samples t Test. Results: Our data analysis included 113 active duty military patients. Fifty-eight (55%) patients underwent operative treatment for insertional IAT. Eight patients had bilateral procedures for a total of 66 Achilles procedures evaluated. Mean duration of follow up was 42 months (range, 12-143). Mean age at time of surgery was 37.2 years (range, 21-54). Length of pre-operative physical therapy had a mean of 6.5 months (range, 2-36). Visual analog scores significantly improved at all time points from 5.4 pre-op to 2.7, 2.9, 2.7, 2.9 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months respectively. There was no significant improvement in VAS scores after the 3-month post-operative visit. Mean return to run time was 9 months (range 4.5-16). At 1 year, 80% (46/58) of patients returned to military duty although 43% of patients that returned to duty had restrictions in regards to running. Complications were recorded in 18 of 66 procedures (27%). The most common complication was superficial wound infection or superficial wound dehiscence. Complications requiring return to the OR were observed in 6 patients (9%).Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate the outcomes of IAT in an active military population. Active duty patients diagnosed with IAT failed non-operative management and required surgical intervention in 55% of the population studied. For those patients who were treated surgically we documented an 80% return to duty rate and a significant reduction of subjective pain scores from a mean of 5.4 to a mean of 2.6 at final follow-up. There was no significant change in the VAS score after the 3-month post-operative evaluation. Service members were able to return to duty at a mean of 7 months and return to running at a mean of 9 months. The high rate of return to duty and significant improvement in pain scores demonstrate that the surgical management of IAT is a viable treatment option for patients who could not otherwise remain on active duty. With that said, the complication rate of 27% is high. Patients and providers should consider the risks, benefits, and the duration of therapy during their shared decision-making process.
Monocyte-to-serum albumin Ratio as a Novel Predictor of Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients after Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zheng Ying-Ying , Zhang Zeng-Lei , Guo Qian-Qian , Tang Jun-Nan , Yang Xu-Ming , Zhang Jian-Chao , Cheng Meng-Die , Song Feng-Hua , Liu Zhi-Yu , Wang Kai , Jiang Li-Zhu , Fan Lei , Yue Xiao-Ting , Bai Yan , Dai Xin-Ya , Zheng Ru-Jie , Zhang Jin-Ying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Monocyte and serum albumin have been proved to be involved in the process of systemic inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic value of monocyte-to-serum albumin ratio (MAR) in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods：A total of 3,561 patients enrolled in this study from January 2013 to December 2017, who were divided into two groups according to the cut-off value of MAR (MAR<0.014, n=2220 and MAR≥0.014, n=1119). The average follow-up time was 37.59±22.24 months.Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in the incidences of all-cause mortality (ACM) (P<0.001), cardiac mortality (CM) (P<0.001), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs, P=0.038) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs, P=0.037). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggested that patients with higher MAR value tended to have an increased accumulated risk of ACM and CM (Log rank P<0.001 and Log rank P<0.001, respectively). And multivariate Cox regression analyses showed MAR was an independent predictor for ACM (hazard ratio [HR]=1.461, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.009–2.115, P=0.045) and CM (HR=1.695, 95% CI:1.056-2.721, P=0.029).Conclusion: The present study suggests that MAR is a novel independent predictor of long-term mortality in patients who underwent PCI.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800019699. Registered 24 November 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=33249
Perceptions of type-II diabetes patients about the support sources for their disease: A qualitative study to access support sources in deprived regions
Authors: Shahsavari Arezoo , Estebsari Fatemeh , Atashzadeh-Shoorideh Foroozan , Ilkhani Mahnaz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The number of patients with diabetes is increasing in all countries and different societal strata. This chronic disease requires extensive behavioral changes and adherence to a complex treatment program. Various factors affect the process of diabetes care and treatment; among them, support sources have been proposed as highly involved in controlling this disease. The present study was conducted to explain the perceptions of type-II diabetes patients about the support sources for their disease.Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis in 2020 in Lorestan Province as one of Iran’s deprived provinces on 19 participants, including 14 patients with diabetes type-II and five of their family caregivers. The participants were selected through purposive sampling, which continued until the saturation of the data. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using conventional content analysis.Results: The process of content analysis resulted in the extraction of two themes: Care incentives, consisting of the ‘influential supporters’ and ‘efficient organizations’ categories, and support strategies, consisting of the ‘technological scope’ and ‘economic support’ categories. These themes reveal the nature and dimensions of participants’ perceptions of support sources.Conclusions: By revealing the different dimensions of support sources in type-II diabetes patients, the results stressed that care programs for type-II diabetes patients should be designed considering the support sources available and with the goal of improving the capacity of the personal, social, and professional networks associated with these patients.