bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable ultrafast epitaxy of large-grain and single-crystal II-VI semiconductors
Authors: Colegrove Eric , Albin David S. , Moutinho Helio R. , Amarasinghe Mahisha , Burst James M. , Metzger Wyatt K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA general problem for semiconductor applications is that very slow deposition on expensive single-crystal substrates yields high crystalline quality with excellent electro-optical properties, but at prohibitive costs and throughput for many applications. In contrast, rapid deposition on inexpensive substrates or nanocrystalline films yields low costs, but comparatively inferior crystallinity, carrier transport, and recombination. Here, we present methods to deposit single-crystal material at rates 2–3 orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art epitaxy with low-cost methods without compromising crystalline or electro-optical quality. For example, single-crystal CdTe and CdZnTe films that would take several days to grow by molecular-beam epitaxy are deposited in 8 minutes by close-spaced sublimation, yet retain the same crystalline quality measured by X-ray diffraction rocking curves. The fast deposition is coupled with effective n- and p-type in-situ doping by In, P, and As. The epitaxy can be extended to nanocrystalline substrates. For example, we recrystallize thin CdTe films on glass to deposit large grains with low defect density. The results provide new research paths for photovoltaics, detectors, infrared imaging, flexible electronics, and other applications.
Trends and clinico-epidemiological features of human rabies cases in Bangladesh 2006–2018
Authors: Ghosh Sumon , Rana Md. Sohel , Islam Md. Kamrul , Chowdhury Sukanta , Haider Najmul , Kafi Mohammad Abdullah Heel , Ullah Sayed Mohammed , Shah Md. Rashed Ali , Jahan Afsana Akter , Mursalin Hasan Sayedul , Marma Aung Swi Prue , Ali S. M. Emran , Hossain Shohrab , Bhowmik Rajub , Debnath Nitish C. , Shamsuzzaman Abul Khair Mohammad , Ahmed Be-Nazir , Siddiqi Umme Ruman , Jhora Sanya Tahmina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVaccinating dogs against rabies is an effective means of reducing human rabies. We subjected 1327 clinically diagnosed human rabies death and mass dog vaccination (MDV) data during 2006–2018 to quantify the impacts of MDV on human rabies incidence in Bangladesh and a subset of rabies death data (422) for clinico-epidemiological analysis. A positive and increasing trend of MDV (p = 0.01 and tau = 0.71) and a negative and declining trend (p < 0.001 and tau = −0.88) of human rabies cases (Correlation coefficient: −0.82) have been observed. Among 422 deaths, the majority (78%) of the victims sought treatment from traditional healers, and 12% received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The mean incubation period of rabies in cases with exposure sites on the head & neck (35 days) was shorter than the upper limb (mean = 64 days, p = 0.02) and lower limb (mean = 89 days, p < 0.01). MDV has been found to be effective for reducing human rabies cases in Bangladesh. Creating awareness among the animal bite victims to stop reliance on traditional healers rather seeking PEP, addressing the role of traditional healers through awareness education programme with respect to the treatment of dog bites, ensuring availability of PEP, and continuing to scale up MDV may help to prevent human rabies deaths.
Tension-type headache in the Emergency Department Diagnosis and misdiagnosis: The TEDDi study
Authors: García-Azorín D. , Farid-Zahran M. , Gutiérrez-Sánchez M. , González-García M. N. , Guerrero A. L. , Porta-Etessam J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeadache is a common reason to visit the emergency department (ED). Tension-type headache (TTH) is the commonest headache. The diagnosis of TTH implies a mild condition, with no need for special tests. We evaluated the use of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria for TTH in the ED. We performed a cross-sectional study including all ED patients with a definite TTH diagnosis in their discharge report for 2.5 years. We evaluated whether the ICHD criteria for TTH were referenced and met. We analysed discrepancies concerning anamnesis or prior history and reclassified patients. A total of 211 out of 2132 patients fulfilled the criteria (9.9%). Only five patients fulfilled TTH criteria. Criteria A-D were referenced in 60–84% of patients and met in 16–74% of these patients. Anamnesis was discrepant in 87.5% as was prior history in 20.8%. After re-reclassification, 21 patients fulfilled the criteria for TTH (five) or probable TTH (16). In 106 patients, another headache was diagnosed, with migraine in 40 (18.9%), secondary headache in 64 (30.3%), and a life-threatening disorder in 13 (6.1%). In our sample, TTH was overdiagnosed. Only a minority of patients fulfilled the ICHD criteria. Inconsistencies in prior medical history or anamnesis were frequent.
Orthogonal Representations of Object Shape and Category in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Zeman Astrid A. , Ritchie J. Brendan , Bracci Stefania , Op de Beeck Hans 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are gaining traction as the benchmark model of visual object recognition, with performance now surpassing humans. While CNNs can accurately assign one image to potentially thousands of categories, network performance could be the result of layers that are tuned to represent the visual shape of objects, rather than object category, since both are often confounded in natural images. Using two stimulus sets that explicitly dissociate shape from category, we correlate these two types of information with each layer of multiple CNNs. We also compare CNN output with fMRI activation along the human visual ventral stream by correlating artificial with neural representations. We find that CNNs encode category information independently from shape, peaking at the final fully connected layer in all tested CNN architectures. Comparing CNNs with fMRI brain data, early visual cortex (V1) and early layers of CNNs encode shape information. Anterior ventral temporal cortex encodes category information, which correlates best with the final layer of CNNs. The interaction between shape and category that is found along the human visual ventral pathway is echoed in multiple deep networks. Our results suggest CNNs represent category information independently from shape, much like the human visual system.
Using null models to compare bacterial and microeukaryotic metacommunity assembly under shifting environmental conditions
Authors: Vass Máté , Székely Anna J. , Lindström Eva S. , Langenheder Silke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTemporal variations in microbial metacommunity structure and assembly processes in response to shifts in environmental conditions are poorly understood. Hence, we conducted a temporal field study by sampling rock pools in four-day intervals during a 5-week period that included strong changes in environmental conditions due to intensive rain. We characterized bacterial and microeukaryote communities by 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Using a suite of null model approaches (elements of metacommunity structure, Raup-Crick beta-diversity and quantitative process estimates) to assess dynamics in community assembly, we found that strong changes in environmental conditions induced small but significant temporal changes in assembly processes and triggered different responses in bacterial and microeukaryotic metacommunities, promoting distinct selection processes. Incidence-based approaches showed that the assemblies of both communities were mainly governed by stochastic processes. In contrast, abundance-based methods indicated the dominance of historical contingency and unmeasured factors in the case of bacteria and microeukaryotes, respectively. We distinguished these processes from dispersal-related processes using additional tests. Regardless of the applied null model, our study highlights that community assembly processes are not static, and the relative importance of different assembly processes can vary under different conditions and between different microbial groups.
Measurement-Based Quantum Correlations for Quantum Information Processing
Authors: Khalid Uman , ur Rehman Junaid , Shin Hyundong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMeasurement-based quantum correlations (MbQCs) depend on how strongly an observer perturbs the unobserved system. This distinctive property differentiates MbQCs from traditional quantum correlations such as entanglement and discord. We utilize MbQCs to elucidate quantum information processing capabilities in quantum computation and quantum state discrimination. We show that MbQCs exist more generally than entanglement and discord in optimal assisted quantum state discrimination and in a deterministic quantum computation with a single qubit. We also propose an MbQC-based dimension witness and analyze it in different noisy and noiseless scenarios.
Ticagrelor Enhances Release of Anti-Hypoxic Cardiac Progenitor Cell-Derived Exosomes Through Increasing Cell Proliferation In Vitro
Authors: Casieri Valentina , Matteucci Marco , Pasanisi Emilio M. , Papa Angela , Barile Lucio , Fritsche-Danielson Regina , Lionetti Vincenzo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the widespread clinical use of cardioprotection by long-term direct antagonism of P2Y12 receptor, underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we identify how release of pro-survival exosomes from human cardiac-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (hCPCs) is regulated by clinically relevant dose of ticagrelor (1 μM), an oral selective and reversible non-thienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitor. Ticagrelor-induced enhancement of exosome levels is related to increased mitotic activity of hCPCs. We show a drug-response threshold above which the effects on hCPCs are lost due to higher dose of ticagrelor and larger adenosine levels. While it is known that pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor halts cell proliferation through dephosphorylation of histone H3 residue Ser10, we demonstrate that it also prevents ticagrelor-induced effects on release of cardiac progenitor cell-derived exosomes delivering anti-apoptotic HSP70. Indeed, sustained pre-treatment of cardiomyocytes with exosomes released from explant-derived hCPCs exposed to low-dose ticagrelor attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis through acute phosphorylation of ERK42/44. Our data indicate that ticagrelor can be leveraged to modulate release of anti-hypoxic exosomes from resident hCPCs.
Effect of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on N-turnover, the N2O reductase-gene nosZ and N2O:N2 partitioning from agricultural soils
Authors: Friedl Johannes , Scheer Clemens , Rowlings David W. , Deltedesco Evi , Gorfer Markus , De Rosa Daniele , Grace Peter R. , Müller Christoph , Keiblinger Katharina M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been shown to reduce emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soils. However, their N2O reduction efficacy varies widely across different agro-ecosystems, and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To investigate effects of the NI 3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate (DMPP) on N-turnover from a pasture and a horticultural soil, we combined the quantification of N2 and N2O emissions with 15N tracing analysis and the quantification of the N2O-reductase gene (nosZ) in a soil microcosm study. Nitrogen fertilization suppressed nosZ abundance in both soils, showing that high nitrate availability and the preferential reduction of nitrate over N2O is responsible for large pulses of N2O after the fertilization of agricultural soils. DMPP attenuated this effect only in the horticultural soil, reducing nitrification while increasing nosZ abundance. DMPP reduced N2O emissions from the horticultural soil by >50% but did not affect overall N2 + N2O losses, demonstrating the shift in the N2O:N2 ratio towards N2 as a key mechanism of N2O mitigation by NIs. Under non-limiting NO3− availability, the efficacy of NIs to mitigate N2O emissions therefore depends on their ability to reduce the suppression of the N2O reductase by high NO3− concentrations in the soil, enabling complete denitrification to N2.
The topology and robustness of two Dirac cones in S-graphene: A tight binding approach
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arka , Datta Sujoy , Jana Debnarayan , Nath Subhadip , Uddin Md. Mohi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPresent work reports an elegant method to address the emergence of two Dirac cones in a non-hexagonal graphene allotrope S-graphene (SG). We have availed nearest neighbour tight binding (NNTB) model to validate the existence of two Dirac cones reported from density functional theory (DFT) computations. Besides, the real space renormalization group (RSRG) scheme clearly reveals the key reason behind the emergence of two Dirac cones associated with the given topology. Furthermore, the robustness of these Dirac cones has been explored in terms of hopping parameters. As an important note, the Fermi velocity of the SG system (vF $$\simeq $$≃ c/80) is almost 3.75 times that of the graphene. It has been observed that the Dirac cones can be easily shifted along the symmetry lines without breaking the degeneracy. We have attained two different conditions based on the sole relations of hopping parameters and on-site energies to break the degeneracy. Further, in order to perceive the topological aspect of the system we have obtained the phase diagram and Chern number of Haldane model. This exact analytical method along with the supported DFT computation will be very effective in studying the intrinsic behaviour of the Dirac materials other than graphene.
Fingerprinting of Doppler audio signals from the common carotid artery
Authors: Müller Anna V. , Amigo José M. , Wichmann Nicoline R. , Witschas Frederik B. , McEvoy Fintan J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAudio fingerprinting involves extraction of quantitative frequency descriptors that can be used for indexing, search and retrieval of audio signals in sound recognition software. We propose a similar approach with medical ultrasonographic Doppler audio signals. Power Doppler periodograms were generated from 84 ultrasonographic Doppler signals from the common carotid arteries in 22 dogs. Frequency features were extracted from each periodogram and included in a principal component analysis (PCA). From this 10 audio samples were pairwise classified as being either similar or dissimilar. These pairings were compared to a similar classification based on standard quantitative parameters used in medical ultrasound and to classification performed by a panel of listeners. The ranking of sound files according to degree of similarity differed between the frequency and conventional classification methods. The panel of listeners had an 88% agreement with the classification based on quantitative frequency features. These findings were significantly different from the score expected by chance (p < 0.001). The results indicate that the proposed frequency based classification has a perceptual relevance for human listeners and that the method is feasible. Audio fingerprinting of medical Doppler signals is potentially useful for indexing and search for similar and dissimilar audio samples in a dataset.
Step-wise elimination of α-mitochondrial nucleoids and mitochondrial structure as a basis for the strict uniparental inheritance in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Nishimura Yoshiki , Shikanai Toshiharu , Kawamoto Susumu , Toh-e Akio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn most sexual eukaryotes, mitochondrial (mt) DNA is uniparentally inherited, although the detailed mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain controversial. The most widely accepted explanations include the autophagic elimination of paternal mitochondria in the fertilized eggs and the active degradation of paternal mitochondrial DNA. To decode the precise program for the uniparental inheritance, we focused on Cryptococcus neoformans as a model system, in which mtDNA is inherited only from the a-parent, although gametes of a- and α-cells are of equal size and contribute equal amounts of mtDNA to the zygote. In this research, the process of preferential elimination of the mitochondria contributed by the α-parent (α-mitochondria) was studied by fluorescence microscopy and single cell analysis using optical tweezers, which revealed that α-mitochondria are preferentially reduced by the following three steps: (1) preferential reduction of α-mitochondrial (mt) nucleoids and α-mtDNA, (2) degradation of the α-mitochondrial structure and (3) proliferation of remaining mt nucleoids during the zygote development. Furthermore, AUTOPHAGY RELATED GENE (ATG) 8 and the gene encoding mitochondrial endonuclease G (NUC1) were disrupted, and the effects of their disruption on the uniparental inheritance were scrutinized. Disruption of ATG8 (ATG7) and NUC1 did not have severe effects on the uniparental inheritance, but microscopic examination revealed that α-mitochondria lacking mt nucleoids persisted in Δatg8 zygotes, indicating that autophagy is not critical for the uniparental inheritance per se but is responsible for the clearance of mitochondrial structures after the reduction of α-mt nucleoids.
Multipolar spatial electric field modulation for freeform electroactive hydrogel actuation
Authors: Choi Moon-Young , Shin Yerin , Lee Hu Seung , Kim So Yeon , Na Jun-Hee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectroactive hydrogels that exhibit large deformation in response to an electric field have received significant attention as a potential actuating material for soft actuators and artificial muscle. However, their mechanical actuation has been limited in simple bending or folding due to uniform electric field modulation. To implement complex movements, a pre-program, such as a hinge and a multilayer pattern, is usually required for the actuator in advance. Here, we propose a reprogrammable actuating method and sophisticated manipulation by using multipolar three-dimensional electric field modulation without pre-program. Through the multipolar spatial electric field modulator, which controls the polarity/intensity of the electric field in three-dimensions, complex three-dimensional (3D) actuation of single hydrogels are achieved. Also, air bubbles generated during operation in the conventional horizontal configuration are not an issue in the proposed new vertical configuration. We demonstrate soft robotic actuators, including basic bending mechanics in terms of controllability and reliability, and several 3D shapes having positive and negative curvature can easily be achieved in a single sheet, paving the way for continuously reconfigurable materials.
Proteome-wide identification and functional analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in peach leaves
Authors: Song Yanbo , Shi Xiaojing , Zou Yanli , Guo Juanru , Huo Nan , Chen Shuangjian , Zhao Chengping , Li Hong , Wu Guoliang , Peng Yong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUbiquitination is a critical post-translational modification machinery that governs a wide range of cellular functions by regulating protein homeostasis. Identification of ubiquitinated proteins and lysine residues can help researchers better understand the physiological roles of ubiquitin modification in different biological systems. In this study, we report the first comprehensive analysis of the peach ubiquitome by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based diglycine remnant affinity proteomics. Our systematic profiling revealed a total of 544 ubiquitination sites on a total of 352 protein substrates. Protein annotation and functional analysis suggested that ubiquitination is involved in modulating a variety of essential cellular and physiological processes in peach, including but not limited to carbon metabolism, histone assembly, translation and vesicular trafficking. Our results could facilitate future studies on how ubiquitination regulates the agricultural traits of different peach cultivars and other crop species.
The ELISA Detectability and Potency of Pegfilgrastim Decrease in Physiological Conditions: Key Roles for Aggregation and Individual Variability
Authors: Xie Tao , Fang Hui , Ouyang Weiming , Angart Phillip , Chiang Meng-Jung , Bhirde Ashwinkumar A. , Sheikh Faruk , Lynch Patrick , Shah Ankit B. , Patil Sharadrao M. , Chen Kang , Shen Meiyu , Agarabi Cyrus , Donnelly Raymond P. , Brorson Kurt , Schrieber Sarah J. , Howard Kristina E. , Rogstad Sarah M. , Frucht David M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPEGylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (pegfilgrastim) is used clinically to accelerate immune reconstitution following chemotherapy and is being pursued for biosimilar development. One challenge to overcome in pegfilgrastim biosimilar development is establishing pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity, which is partly due to the degree of PK variability. We herein report that commercially available G-CSF and PEG ELISA detection kits have different capacities to detect pegfilgrastim aggregates that rapidly form in vitro in physiological conditions. These aggregates can be observed using SDS-PAGE, size-exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and real-time NMR analysis and are associated with decreased bioactivity as reflected by reduced drug-induced cellular proliferation and STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, individual variability in the stability and detectability of pegfilgrastim in human sera is also observed. Pegfilgrastim levels display marked subject variability in sera from healthy donors incubated at 37 °C. The stability patterns of pegfilgrastim closely match the stability patterns of filgrastim, consistent with a key role for pegfilgrastim’s G-CSF moiety in driving formation of inactive aggregates. Taken together, our results indicate that individual variability and ELISA specificity for inactive aggregates are key factors to consider when designing and interpreting studies involving the measurement of serum pegfilgrastim concentrations.
In situ procedure for high-efficiency computational modeling of atrial fibrillation reflecting personal anatomy, fiber orientation, fibrosis, and electrophysiology
Authors: Lim Byounghyun , Kim Jaehyeok , Hwang Minki , Song Jun-Seop , Lee Jung Ki , Yu Hee-Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Lee Moon-Hyung , Pak Hui-Nam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe previously reported the feasibility and efficacy of a simulation-guided clinical catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in an in-silico AF model. We developed a highly efficient realistic AF model reflecting the patient endocardial voltage and local conduction and tested its clinical feasibility. We acquired > 500 endocardial bipolar electrograms during right atrial pacing at the beginning of the AF ablation procedures. Based on the clinical bipolar electrograms, we generated simulated voltage maps by applying fibrosis and local activation maps adjusted for the fiber orientation. The software’s accuracy (CUVIA2.5) was retrospectively tested in 17 patients and feasibility prospectively in 10 during clinical AF ablation. Results: We found excellent correlations between the clinical and simulated voltage maps (R = 0.933, p < 0.001) and clinical and virtual local conduction (R = 0.958, p < 0.001). The proportion of virtual local fibrosis was 15.4, 22.2, and 36.9% in the paroxysmal AF, persistent AF, and post-pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) states, respectively. The reconstructed virtual bipolar electrogram exhibited a relatively good similarities of morphology to the local clinical bipolar electrogram (R = 0.60 ± 0.08, p < 0.001). Feasibility testing revealed an in situ procedural computing time from the clinical data acquisition to wave-dynamics analyses of 48.2 ± 4.9 min. All virtual analyses were successfully achieved during clinical PVI procedures. We developed a highly efficient, realistic, in situ procedural simulation model reflective of individual anatomy, fiber orientation, fibrosis, and electrophysiology that can be applied during AF ablation.