bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of pruning time and viral infection on stilbenoid levels in Pinot noir grape canes
Authors: S De Bona Gicele , Bertazzon Nadia , Angelini Elisa , Vincenzi Simone 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrapevine canes represent a large source of waste derived from grape cultivation. In the present study, the effect of different processes of storage and different pruning times on the stilbene accumulation on Pinot noir canes was analyzed. Whether the alteration of the secondary metabolism accompanying leafroll symptom expressions could affect the stilbenoid accumulation in canes harvested at pruning time was also investigated.RESULTSThe maximum accumulation of trans‐resveratrol and trans‐piceatannol was obtained in canes harvested in October and dried at 40 °C. Even in grape canes harvested in October, November, and December and stored for different times at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) a marked increase in trans‐resveratrol and trans‐piceatannol was evident, which reached a maximum at around 8 weeks of storage. A significant higher accumulation of trans‐resveratrol and trans‐piceatannol was also found in canes harvested from symptomatic plants compared to those harvested from asymptomatic plants for all the pruning times.CONCLUSIONThis study confirms that the biosynthetic enzyme activities and, particularly, those involved in the stilbene pathway, persist during Pinot noir cane storage at different harvest times, with different storage times and conditions, and different sanitary status. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of four bisphenols in water and urine samples by magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction using a modified zeolite/iron oxide composite prior to liquid chromatography diode array detection
Authors: Baile Paola , Medina Juan , Vidal Lorena , Canals Antonio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel approach is presented to determine four bisphenols in water and urine samples, employing magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography and diode array detection. A modified zeolite‐based magnetic composite was used as an efficient sorbent, combining the advantages of magnetic materials with the remarkable properties of zeolites. A multivariate optimization design was employed to optimize some experimental factors affecting magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction. The method was evaluated under optimized conditions (i.e., amount of sorbent, 50 mg; sample pH, unadjusted; NaCl concentration, 1.25%; extraction and elution time, 2 min; eluent solvent, ethanol; eluent solvent volume, 400 µL), obtaining good linearity with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.995 and 0.999 (N = 5) (from 2 to 250 µg/L for bisphenol A, bisphenol AP, and bisphenol P and from 5 to 250 µg/L for bisphenol AF). Method repeatability was assessed obtaining coefficients of variation between 3 and 11% (n = 6). Finally, the method was applied to spiked real samples, obtaining for water samples relative recoveries between 83 and 105%, and for urine samples between 81 and 108% for bisphenol A, bisphenol AP, and bisphenol AF, and between 47 and 59% for bisphenol P.
Prognostic Value of a Family History of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Matched‐Pair Study
Authors: Cui Meng , Du Wei , Fang Qigen , Dai Liyuan , Qi Jinxing , Luo Ruihua 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze the prognostic value of a family cancer history for predicting survival in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsEach patient with a family history was paired with one patient with sporadic oral tongue SCC without a family history. The primary endpoint was disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsIn total, 124 patients were enrolled as participants with a family cancer history, and the 5‐year DSS rate was 51%. In the matched group, the 5‐year DSS rate was 40%. The difference was significant (P = .032). In the smoking patients with a family history, the 5‐year DSS rate was 43%. In the smoking patients from the matched group, the 5‐year DSS rate was 17%; the difference was significant (P = .028). In nonsmoking patients with a history of cancer, the 5‐year DSS rate was 51%; in nonsmoking patients in the matched group, the 5‐year DSS rate was 40%; the difference was not significant (P = .141).ConclusionsA family cancer history is associated with improved DSS in surgically treated oral tongue SCC patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E605–E610, 2020
Sponges represent a major source of inorganic nitrogen in Florida Bay (U.S.A.)
Authors: Hoer Daniel R. , Sharp William , Delgado Gabriel , Lindquist Niels L. , Martens Christopher S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlorida Bay nutrient budgets have shown that the majority of existing and influent nitrogen (N) is in organic forms. Consequently, local remineralization processes have been found to regulate the supply of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Sponges have dominated benthic animal biomass in Florida Bay and are known to influence local DIN concentrations through remineralization organic matter, yet the role of these organisms in local N budgets is largely unaddressed. We quantified the role of sponges in N cycling in Florida Bay during 2012–2013 by constructing an N budget for a sponge‐rich basin. Surveys of sponge biomass conducted in Mystery Basin found sponges at 57 of the 59 assessed stations. Sponge population maxima reached 21 individuals m−2 and biomass contributions as high as 4.4 Lsponge m−2. We estimated an average areal DIN contribution from total sponge biomass of 0.59 ± 0.28 mmol N m−2 d−1. However, calculated fluxes from the 59 stations exhibited significant spatial variability associated with changes in the size and species composition of the sponge community; peak N fluxes reached 3.5 ± 0.9 mmol N m−2 d−1 in areas with large populations of high microbial abundance sponges. The average flux from the sponge community was the largest of the estimated sources of DIN to Mystery Basin, representing roughly half of the overall N sourcing. This N satisfied more than half of the demand by primary productivity. These results indicate that sponges are important sources of inorganic N to Florida Bay environments.
Stable isotopes indicate ecosystem restructuring following climate‐driven mangrove dieback
Authors: Harada Yota , Fry Brian , Lee Shing Yip , Maher Damien T. , Sippo James Z. , Connolly Rod M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtreme climatic events can trigger sudden but often long‐lasting impacts in ecosystems by causing near to complete mortality of foundation (habitat‐forming) species. The magnitude and frequency of such events are expected to rise due to anthropogenic climate change, but the impacts that such events have on many foundation species and the ecosystems that they support remains poorly understood. In many cases, manipulative experimentation is extremely challenging and rarely feasible at a large scale. In late 2015 to early 2016, an extensive area of mangrove forest along ∼ 1000 km of coastline in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, experienced severe dieback, an event associated with climatic extremes. To assess the effect this dieback event had on the mangrove ecosystem, we assessed benthic faunal assemblages and food web structure using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in a comparative experiment of impacted forest and adjacent unimpacted forest. Eighteen months after the dieback, the forest that suffered dieback contained significantly fewer crabs that rely on mangrove litter food source but more crabs that rely on microphytobenthos food source than the unimpacted forest. However, the infaunal biomass was largely unaffected by the mortality effect. This is most likely because microphytobenthos was largely unaffected and consequently, this buffered the food web responses. However, overall, the habitat value for mangrove ecosystem services most likely decreased due to lower physical habitat complexity following tree mortality. Longer‐term monitoring could lead to better understanding of biological effects of this extreme event and underlying biological mechanisms that drive changes and recovery.
Transoral Low‐Level Laser Therapy Via a Cylindrical Device to Treat Oral Ulcers in a Rodent Model
Authors: Lee Hyoung Shin , Lee Yechan , Jeong Unyoung , Oh Sunju , Hwang Chi Woo , Kang Hyun Wook 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectiveVarious clinical and animal studies have applied low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) to treat oral ulcers. However, most previous studies applied lasers with small pinpoint irradiation, which required multiple laser irradiations to cover the complete extent of the ulcer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT using a 635 nm diode laser via a transoral device to cover the whole lesion on oral ulcers in an animal model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAn animal model of oral ulcers was developed with a 6 mm skin punch in the right buccal mucosa of Wistar rats (males, body weight 200–250 g). Three days after the mucosal injury, LLLT (spot size 2 cm2) was conducted once a day for 5 days. Twenty‐eight rats were randomly assigned into four groups according to energy density (control group, 5, 20, 75 J/cm2). The size of the ulcers was measured and histologic analysis were performed ten days after the initial mucosal injury.ResultsThe mean size of the oral ulcers was significantly smaller in rats treated with an energy density of 20 J/cm2 than that of any other group (control group or energy densities of 5 or 75 J/cm2). The irradiation of oral ulcers with an energy density of 20 J/cm2 accelerated the oral mucosa wound healing process and decreased inflammation and granulation tissue, resulting in good reepithelization. However, the histologic outcomes of rats irradiated with energy densities of 5 or 75 J/cm2 were comparable with those of the control group.ConclusionLLLT using a 635 nm diode laser for oral ulcers with a transoral cylindrical device for wide light distribution may accelerate the wound healing process. LLLT with large‐surface irradiation may be a substitute for previous LLLT for oral mucosal lesions conducted in a punctuate manner. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of ocean mixed‐layer depth initialization on the simulation of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using the WRF‐ARW model
Authors: Yesubabu Viswanadhapalli , Kattamanchi Vijaya Kumari , Vissa Naresh Krishna , Dasari Hari Prasad , Sarangam Vijaya Bhaskara Rao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe sensitivity of the simulated tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and tracks to the different ocean mixed‐layer depth (MLD) initializations is studied using coupled weather research and forecasting (WRF) and ocean mixed‐layer (OML) models. Four sets of numerical experiments are conducted for two TCs formed during the pre‐ and post‐monsoon. In the control run (CONTROL), the WRF model is initialized without coupling. In the second experiment, the WRF‐OML model is initialized by prescribing the MLD as a constant depth of 50 m (MLD‐CONST). In the third experiment, the spatial varying MLD obtained from the formulation of depth of the isothermal layer (MLD‐TEMP) is used. For the fourth experiment (MLD‐DENS), the model is initialized with the density‐based MLD obtained from ARMOR‐3D data. The results indicate that the CONTROL exhibits an early intensification phase with a faster translation movement, leading to early landfall and the production of large track deviations. The coupled OML simulations captured the deepening phase close to the observed estimates, resulting in the reduction of errors in both the vector and along the tracks of the storm. The initialization of the different estimates of the MLD in the WRF‐OML shows that the TC intensity and translation speed are sensitive to the initial representation of the MLD for the post‐monsoon storm. The gradual improvements in the intensity and translation speed of the storm with the realistic representation of the OML are mainly due to the storm‐induced cooling, which in turn alters the simulated enthalpy fluxes supplied to the TC, leading to the better representation of secondary circulation and the rapid intensification of the storm.
Association of polymorphism in heat shock protein 70 genes with type 2 diabetes in Bangladeshi population
Authors: Moniruzzaman Md. , Ahmed Irfan , Huq Saaimatul , All Mahmud Md. Shakur , Begum Sonya , Mahzabin Amin U.S. , Rahman Md. Hadisur , Sarker Palash Kumar , Hossain Mohammad Uzzal , Das Keshob Chandra , Salimullah Md. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder of which stress is a major contributor. Under stressful condition, body synthesizes a family of molecular chaperone called Heat‐shock proteins (HSPs). Current study assessed the frequency and association of HSP70‐hom + 2,437 T/C polymorphism with T2DM risk among Bangladeshis.MethodsThis polymorphism was selected through bioinformatics analyses and identified by PCR‐RFLP method.ResultsBioinformatics analysis identified this SNP as missense mutation which could destabilize the final HSP product. Heterozygous mutant (CT) genotype was significantly associated with T2DM incidence among the studied populations (p = .015). Further analysis revealed a strong association with female patients (p = .002), while the male group showed no association (p = .958). Moreover, the C allele was significantly associated among all diabetic patients (p = .016) and particularly in the female patient group (p = .001). However, under stressful condition, males with CT genotype were at high risk for T2DM incidence whereas, females with CT genotype showed no significant association.ConclusionsHSP70‐hom + 2,437 T/C polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with T2DM incidence in the Bangladeshi population in both stress‐dependent and independent manners.
Prevalence of mutations in inherited retinal diseases: A comparison between the United States and India
Authors: Yohe Sophia , Sivasankar Malaichamy , Ghosh Anuprita , Ghosh Arkasubhra , Holle Jennifer , Murugan Sakthivel , Gupta Ravi , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Vedam Ramprasad , Thyagarajan Bharat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies evaluating next‐generation sequencing (NGS) for retinal disorders may not reflect clinical practice. We report results of retrospective analysis of patients referred for clinical testing at two institutions (US and India).MethodsThis retrospective study of 131 patients who underwent clinically validated targeted NGS or exome sequencing for a wide variety of clinical phenotypes categorized results into a definitive, indeterminate, or negative molecular diagnosis.ResultsA definitive molecular diagnosis (52%) was more common in the India cohort (62% vs. 39%, p = .009), while an indeterminate molecular diagnosis occurred only in the US cohort (12%). In the US cohort, a lower diagnostic rate in Hispanic, non‐Caucasians (23%) was seen compared to Caucasians (57%). The India cohort had a high rate of homozygous variants (61%) and different frequency of genes involved compared to the US cohort.ConclusionDespite inherent limitations in clinical testing, the diagnostic rate across the two cohorts (52%) was similar to the 50%–65% diagnostic rate in the literature. However, the diagnostic rate was lower in the US cohort and appears partly explained by racial background. The high rate of consanguinity in the Indian population is reflected in the high rate of homozygosity for pathogenic mutations and may have implications for population level screening and genetic counseling. Clinical laboratories may note diagnostic rates that differ from the literature, due to factors such as heterogeneity in racial background or consanguinity rates in the populations being tested. This information may be useful for post‐test counseling.
A new impedance matching approach for microstrip Rotman lens based on analyzing the standing wave pattern of an electric field
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Mohammed K. , Abdullah Noorsaliza , Dahlan Samsul H. , Yahya Roshayati , Mohd Ezri 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a new impedance matching method to provide an energy transformer between 50 Ω beam ports and the cavity of a Rotman lens. The model is derived from a quarter length transition line impedance transformer. The suggested matching technique is based on determining and analyzing standing wave patterns of electric field signals underneath feeding lines of the beam ports when they are excited with a designed frequency of 2.45 GHz. The proposed approach demonstrates the ability of the model to achieve an acceptable return loss compared to traditional taper line model matching methods, even though it increases the operating bandwidth frequency based on the measured results. Moreover, it solves the optimization iteration time consuming that is required to determine the tapering line length used in the conventional impedance matching techniques. The predicted results of the return loss are validated by measurements of the fabricated prototype microstrip lens printed on an FR‐4 substrate that is designed to work in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band in order to form five beams in the directions −26°, −13°, 0°, 13°, and 26°.
Prostate cancer assessment using MR elastography of fresh prostatectomy specimens at 9.4 T
Authors: Reiter Rolf , Majumdar Shreyan , Kearney Steven , Kajdacsy‐Balla Andre , Macias Virgilia , Crivellaro Simone , Caldwell Brandon , Abern Michael , Royston Thomas J. , Klatt Dieter 
Published: December 2019

PurposeDespite its success in the assessment of prostate cancer (PCa), in vivo multiparametric MRI has limitations such as interobserver variability and low specificity. Several MRI methods, among them MR elastography, are currently being discussed as candidates for supplementing conventional multiparametric MRI. This study aims to investigate the detection of PCa in fresh ex vivo human prostatectomy specimens using MR elastography.MethodsFourteen fresh prostate specimens from men with clinically significant PCa without formalin fixation or prior radiation therapy were examined by MR elastography at 500 Hz immediately after radical prostatectomy in a 9.4T preclinical scanner. Specimens were divided into 12 segments for both calculation of storage modulus (G′ in kilopascals) and pathology (Gleason score) as reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated to assess PCa detection.ResultsThe mean G′ and SD were as follows: all segments, 8.74 ± 5.26 kPa; healthy segments, 5.44 ± 4.40 kPa; and cancerous segments, 10.84 ± 4.65 kPa. The difference between healthy and cancerous segments was significant with P ≤ .001. Diagnostic performance assessed with the Youden index was as follows: sensitivity, 69%; specificity, 79%; area under the curve, 0.81; and cutoff, 10.67 kPa.ConclusionOur results suggest that prostate MR elastography has the potential to improve diagnostic performance of multiparametric MRI, especially regarding its 2 major limitations: interobserver variability and low specificity. Particularly the high value for specificity in PCa detection is a stimulating result and encourages further investigation of this method.
Examination of the human motor endplate after brachial plexus injury with two‐photon microscopy
Authors: Chan Justin P. , Clune James , Shah Sameer B. , Ward Samuel R. , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Mozaffar Tahseen , Steward Oswald , Gupta Ranjan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionAfter traumatic nerve injury, neuromuscular junction remodeling plays a key role in determining functional outcomes. Immunohistochemical analyses of denervated muscle biopsies may provide valuable prognostic data regarding clinical outcomes to supplement electrodiagnostic studies.MethodsWe performed biopsies on nonfunctioning deltoid muscles in two patients after gunshot wounds and visualized the neuromuscular junctions using two‐photon microscopy with immunohistochemistry.ResultsAlthough the nerves in both patients showed evidence of acute Wallerian degeneration, some of the motor endplates were intact but exhibited significantly decreased surface area and volume. Both patients exhibited substantial recovery of motor function over several weeks postinjury.DiscussionTwo‐photon microscopic assessment of neuromuscular junction integrity and motor endplate morphometry in muscle biopsies provided evidence of partial sparing of muscle innervation. This finding supported the clinical judgment that eventual recovery would occur. With further study, this technique may help to guide operative decisionmaking after traumatic nerve injuries.
How can we improve investigation, prevention and treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections – ICI‐RS 2018
Authors: Harding Chris , Rantell Angela , Cardozo Linda , Jacobson Susan Kim , Anding Ralf , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Greenwell Tamsin , Swamy Sheela , Malde Sachin , Abrams Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) is a chronic condition and has a significant impact on health‐related quality of life. The commonly used definition for rUTI is greater than three episodes in a year or more than two in 6 months. Current diagnostic methods have been used worldwide for over five decades, despite well evidenced criticism. Enhanced culture techniques demonstrate that the microbiome of the bladder is far more complex than previously thought and begs a reappraisal of our current testing. Treatment of rUTI is based on a small number of antibiotic trials with some evidence showing a reduction in the number of positive cultures, but one must be cautious in interpreting the results and weigh against the risk of generation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).AimThe International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society think tank reviewed the literature with a view to improving investigation, prevention and treatment of rUTI.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of experts were invited to present evidence regarding the current diagnostic methods, recent advances related to bladder biome mapping and current treatment strategies, including antibiotic and nonantibiotic options. Current guidelines regarding antibiotic stewardship and concerns regarding AMR were discussed.DiscussionOutcome of the think tank discussions are summarised with a set of recommendations to inform future research. Particular consideration is given to bacterial survival in the bladder after treatment as well as defects in urothelial barrier function which may play a significant part in the failure to eradicate UTI.
Recommendations and future research initiative to optimize bladder management in pregnancy and childbirth International Consultation on Incontinence ‐ Research society 2018
Authors: Rantell Angie , Veit‐Rubin Nikolaus , Giarenis Ilias , Khullar Vik , Abrams Paul , Cardozo Linda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith increasing birth rates globally, obstetric bladder care and long term pelvic floor dysfunction continues to be a issue. This paper aims to provide an overview of the concerns in the antenatal, intrapartum an post partum periods and presents recommendation for the research requirements necessary and education to challenge current practice.
Numerical algorithms for the time‐Caputo and space‐Riesz fractional Bloch‐Torrey equations
Authors: Ding Hengfei , Li Changpin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, high‐order numerical methods for time‐Caputo and space‐Riesz fractional Bloch‐Torrey equations in one‐ and two‐dimensional space are constructed, where the second‐order backward fractional difference operator and the sixth‐order fractional‐compact difference operator are applied to approximate the time and space fractional derivatives, respectively. The stability and convergence of the methods are analyzed and it is shown that the convergence orders are higher than the earlier work. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods and confirm our theoretical results.