bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and smoking as risk factors for invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19: A retrospective, observational cohort study
Authors: Monteiro Ana C. , Suri Rajat , Emeruwa Iheanacho O. , Stretch Robert J. , Cortes-Lopez Roxana Y. , Sherman Alexander , Lindsay Catherine C. , Fulcher Jennifer A. , Goodman-Meza David , Sapru Anil , Buhr Russell G. , Chang Steven Y. , Wang Tisha , Qadir Nida 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To describe the trajectory of respiratory failure in COVID-19 and explore factors associated with risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Materials and methods
A retrospective, observational cohort study of 112 inpatient adults diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 12 and April 16, 2020. Data were manually extracted from electronic medical records. Multivariable and Univariable regression were used to evaluate association between baseline characteristics, initial serum markers and the outcome of IMV.

Results
Our cohort had median age of 61 (IQR 45–74) and was 66% male. In-hospital mortality was 6% (7/112). ICU mortality was 12.8% (6/47), and 18% (5/28) for those requiring IMV. Obesity (OR 5.82, CI 1.74–19.48), former (OR 8.06, CI 1.51–43.06) and current smoking status (OR 10.33, CI 1.43–74.67) were associated with IMV after adjusting for age, sex, and high prevalence comorbidities by multivariable analysis. Initial absolute lymphocyte count (OR 0.33, CI 0.11–0.96), procalcitonin (OR 1.27, CI 1.02–1.57), IL-6 (OR 1.17, CI 1.03–1.33), ferritin (OR 1.05, CI 1.005–1.11), LDH (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13–2.17) and CRP (OR 1.13, CI 1.06–1.21), were associated with IMV by univariate analysis.

Conclusions
Obesity, smoking history, and elevated inflammatory markers were associated with increased need for IMV in patients with COVID-19.
C-reactive protein can predict dose intensity, time to treatment failure and overall survival in HCC treated with lenvatinib
Authors: Hayashi Tsuguru , Shibata Michihiko , Oe Shinji , Miyagawa Koichiro , Honma Yuichi , Harada Masaru 
Published: December 2020

Background and aim
Lenvatinib has become a first line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, continued administration is impossible in many patients due to treatment resistance and severe adverse events. This study aimed to identify predicting factors to select patients likely to benefit from lenvatinib treatment.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients who were treated with lenvatinib for unresectable HCC. They were divided to two groups; low C-reactive protein (CRP) group with pretreatment serum CRP level < 1.0 mg/dL and high CRP group with serum CRP level ≥ 1.0 mg/dl. Overall survival (OS), total amount administered, and period of treatment were compared between the two groups.

Results
The high CRP group showed a significantly poorer OS than the low CRP group (0.0% vs 71.5%/ 1year, p < 0.01). Multivariate analyses revealed that high CRP was a significant negative factor for OS (HR: 7.69, 95% confidence interval: 2.43–24.3, p < 0.001), and this result was independent of Child-Pugh score and existing tumor factors. Relative dose intensity at 8 weeks was lower (p = 0.01) and time to treatment failure was shorter (P < 0.001) in the high CRP group.

Conclusions
CRP level was associated with OS in HCC patients treated with lenvatinib. CRP could be a useful marker to identify patients most likely to benefit from lenvatinib treatment.
Propostas de diferentes estímulos de educação ambiental voltados para um aluno autista
Authors: Almeida Rozelaine Rubia Bueno D' , Silveira Bruna Denardin da 
Published: December 2020

Resumo: A educação ambiental, enquanto uma área de estudo, deve abranger os mais diferentes níveis de ensino, tornando-se um espaço para práticas capazes de despertar novos sentimentos, atitudes e valores sobre a natureza. Dessa forma, os alunos com deficiência, também devem ser inseridos neste processo de aprendizagem, independentemente de suas condições pessoais. Portanto, o presente trabalho objetivou promover práticas e estímulos de educação ambiental com um estudante autista. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica para o embasamento do referencial teórico, pesquisa descritiva, abordagem qualitativa e coleta de dados a partir de observação e entrevista não estruturada. Pode-se concluir que é possível promover uma diversificação das práticas pedagógicas articuladas com temas de educação ambiental, representando uma forma de aproximar o aluno a novas experiências com a natureza.
Palavras-chave: Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Sala de Recursos. Boneco Ecológico.
In vivo evaluation of two adaptive Starling-like control algorithms for left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Habigt Moriz A. , Gesenhues Jonas , Ketelhut Maike , Hein Marc , Duschner Patrick , Rossaint Rolf , Mechelinck Mare 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is often the only therapy in terminal heart failure (HF). However, despite technical advancements, the physical fitness of the patients is still limited. One strategy to improve the benefits of ventricular assist device therapy might be the implementation of load adaptive control strategies. Two control strategies and a constant speed controller (CS) were implemented in an acute animal model where four healthy pigs received LVAD implantations. In the first strategy (preload recruitable stroke work [SW] controller, PRS), the desired pump work was computed in relation to the end-diastolic volume. In the second strategy, the controller was programmed to keep a fixed ratio of the mean hydraulic power of the assist device to the mean hydraulic power of the left ventricle (power relation controller, PR). Preload reduction, afterload increase experiments and short-term coronary artery occlusions were conducted to test the behavior of the control strategies under variable conditions. Within the experiments, the PR controller demonstrated the best preload sensitivity. The PRS controller had the best response to an increased afterload and to a reduced ventricular contractility in terms of effectively preventing ventricular overloading and increasing VAD support. No significant differences in systemic flow were observed.
The Shangjing norm of the Liao dynasty and the Dongjing mode of the Northern Song dynasty
Authors: Dong Xinlin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
After the downfall of the Tang dynasty, the Khitan-Liao empire, the Five Dynasties, and Northern Song dynasty formed the second “northern and southern dynasties” confrontation in the history of China. Also in this period, two systems appeared in the capital city planning: the “Shangjing norm” of the Liao dynasty characterized by the 日-shaped plan view and the “Dongjing mode” of the Northern Song dynasty characterized by the 回-shaped plan view. The “Shangjing norm” is the materialization of the political system of “ruling by the customs of the peoples being ruled” applied by the nomadic rulers from the northern steppes when they were managing the empire with the Han people as the majority. This seemingly reflected the ethnic discrimination of the nomadic ruling class at the beginning of the establishment of their empire. The capital designing ideas of the Jin, Yuan, and Qing dynasties were all following this norm at the beginnings of their rules. “Dongjing mode” of the Northern Song dynasty is the materialization of the “imperial sovereignty” idea emphasized by the empires founded by the Han rulers, which seems reflecting the bureaucrat system with the centralization as the characteristics. The designs of the Liao Zhongjing (Central Capital) and the Jin Zhongdu were both simulations of that of Dongjing, which showed the trends of ethnic convergence and unification. Moreover, Dadu of the Yuan dynasty and Beijing of the Ming and Qing dynasties were the symbols of the formation of the unified multiethnic empire of China.
From Wanderers to Strangers. The shifting space of Scandinavian immigration debate 1970–2016
Authors: Hovden Jan Fredrik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The media coverage of immigration serves as an important test for modern democracies’ ability to handle difficult public issues. Systematic and comparative studies over longer time periods are, however, still rare. This is deeply unfortunate as the nature of both immigration and the press systems vary considerably not only across nations but also over time. This article charts the immigration debate in seven Scandinavian newspapers from the birth of modern immigration in the early seventies to the present-day situation. While supporting claims about a general historical shift towards a more problematizing and cultural discourse in Scandinavia, the analysis also identifies major differences in how countries, publications, and genres have handled this complex issue, which brings out fundamental dilemmas for both modern welfare states and journalists. Using the method of multiple correspondence analysis and subsequent cluster analysis, the article also demonstrates how historical press coverage can be fruitfully studied using Geometric Data Analysis as an alternative to frequentist methods.
Early detection of Emanuel syndrome: a case report
Authors: Edoardo Taddei , Elena Sartori , Luigi Raio Bulgheroni , Andrea Papadia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Emanuel syndrome is a rare inherited syndrome, a correct in utero diagnosis allows effective management for ongoing and future pregnancies.

Case presentation
Here, we report a case of a complete non-mosaic trisomy 22, with several prenatal sonographic findings, that was diagnosed in utero at 15 weeks’ gestation and then it was confirmed with chromosomal analysis and postmortem examination.

Conclusions
Every anatomical difference should always be further investigated in order to achieve the correct diagnosis.
Generalized derivatives and optimization problems for n-dimensional fuzzy-number-valued functions
Authors: Xie Ting , Gong Zengtai , Li Dapeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present the concepts of generalized derivative, directional generalized derivative, subdifferential and conjugate for n-dimensional fuzzy-number-valued functions and discuss the characterizations of generalized derivative and directional generalized derivative by, respectively, using the derivative and directional derivative of crisp functions that are determined by the fuzzy mapping. Furthermore, the relations among generalized derivative, directional generalized derivative, subdifferential and convexity for n-dimensional fuzzy-number-valued functions are investigated. Finally, under two kinds of partial orderings defined on the set of all n-dimensional fuzzy numbers, the duality theorems and saddle point optimality criteria in fuzzy optimization problems with constraints are discussed.
Coarse cohomology with twisted coefficients
Authors: Hartmann Elisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To a coarse structure we associate a Grothendieck topology which is determined by coarse covers. A coarse map between coarse spaces gives rise to a morphism of Grothendieck topologies. This way we define sheaves and sheaf cohomology on coarse spaces. We obtain that sheaf cohomology is a functor on the coarse category: if two coarse maps are close they induce the same map in cohomology. There is a coarse version of a Mayer-Vietoris sequence and for every inclusion of coarse spaces there is a coarse version of relative cohomology. Cohomology with constant coefficients can be computed using the number of ends of a coarse space.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-2-(4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy)propanoato-κ2
O:O')-(2-(4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy)propanoato-κ2
O,O')yttrium(III)], C51H79O11Y
Authors: Zhong Ke-Xiang , Zhang Rong-Gui , Li Lai-Chao , Zhao De-Sen , Wang Yan-Liang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C51H79O11Y, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.8682(3) Å, b = 22.1328(8) Å, c = 27.9848(10) Å, β = 96.710(1)°, V = 5455.2(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0495, wR

ref
(F2) = 0.1275, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of diaqua[bis(benzimidazol-2-yl-methyl)amine-κ3
N,N′,N″]-phthalato-κ1
O-nickel(II)-methanol (1/2), C26H31N5NiO8
Authors: Chen Yu-Xiao , Luo Zhong-Ping , Zhang He , Nie Feng-Mei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C26H31N5NiO8, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.554(3) Å, b = 12.401(3) Å, c = 18.718(5) Å, β = 107.844(3)°, V = 2774.0(12) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0438, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1175, T = 153(2) K.
Crystal structure of tetraaqua-bis(1H-indazole-6-carboxylate-κN)cadmium (II), C16H18CdN4O8
Authors: Lan Ying-Dong , Xiong Chun-Lan , Huang Cui-xin , Xiong Wan-Ming , Nie Xu-Liang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C16H18CdN4O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.2751(4) Å, b = 21.7902(13) Å, c = 13.3401(8) Å, β = 90.793(1)°, V = 1823.89(19) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0252, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0603, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of dichloride-bis(1-propylimidazole-κ
1
N)zinc(II), C12H20Cl2N4Zn
Authors: Yang Bingchuan , Liu Gang , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C12H20Cl2N4Zn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.9915(9) Å, b = 13.0923(12) Å, c = 13.1894(13) Å, β = 98.794(2)°, V = 1705.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0453, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1248, T = 298(2) K.
Toward privacy-sensitive human–robot interaction: Privacy terms and human–data interaction in the personal robot era
Authors: Chatzimichali Anna , Harrison Ross , Chrysostomou Dimitrios 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Can we have personal robots without giving away personal data? Besides, what is the role of a robots Privacy Policy in that question? This work explores for the first time privacy in the context of consumer robotics through the lens of information communicated to users through Privacy Policies and Terms and Conditions. Privacy, personal and non-personal data are discussed under the light of the human–robot relationship, while we attempt to draw connections to dimensions related to personalization, trust, and transparency. We introduce a novel methodology to assess how the “Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidelines Governing the Protection of Privacy and Trans-Border Flows of Personal Data” are reflected upon the publicly available Privacy Policies and Terms and Conditions in the consumer robotics field. We draw comparisons between the ways eight consumer robotic companies approach privacy principles. Current findings demonstrate significant deviations in the structure and context of privacy terms. Some practical dimensions in terms of improving the context and the format of privacy terms are discussed. The ultimate goal of this work is to raise awareness regarding the various privacy strategies used by robot companies while ultimately creating a usable way to make this information more relevant and accessible to users.
Enzyme-assisted pulp refining: an energy saving approach
Authors: Kumar Amit , Ram Chhotu , Tazeb Adebabay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnergy conservation has become an essential step in pulp and paper industry due to diminishing fossil reserves and high cost of energy. Refining is a mechanical treatment of pulp that modifies the structure of the fibres in order to achieve desired paper-making properties. However, it consumes considerable amount of energy. The electrical power consumption has a direct impact on paper manufacturing cost. Therefore, there is a requirement to minimize the energy cost. Enzyme-assisted refining is the environment friendly option that reduces the energy consumption for papermaking. Enzyme-assisted refining is defined as mechanical refining after pretreatment of pulp with enzymes such as cellulases and hemicellulases. It not only reduces the energy consumption but also improves the quality of finished paper. Enzymes improve the beatability of pulp at same refining degree (°SR) and desired paper properties can be achieved at decreased refining time. The selection of suitable enzyme, optimization of enzyme dose and appropriate reaction time are the key factors for energy reduction and pulp quality improvement during enzyme-assisted refining.
Multiscale modeling and simulation of magneto-active elastomers based on experimental data
Authors: Kalina Karl A. , Raβloff Alexander , Wollner Maximilian , Metsch Philipp , Brummund Jörg , Kästner Markus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this contribution, we present a framework for the multiscale modeling and simulation of magneto-active elastomers (MAEs). It enables us to consider these materials on the microscopic scale, where the heterogeneous microstructure consisting of magnetizable particles and elastomer matrix is explicitly resolved, as well as the macroscopic scale, where the MAE is considered to be a homogeneous magneto-active body. On both scales, a general continuum formulation of the coupled magneto-mechanical boundary value problem is applied and the finite element method is used to solve the governing equations. Starting with an experimental characterization of the individual constituents, i.e. particles and matrix, microscopic constitutive models for both are formulated and adjusted to the experimental data separately. With that, properties of MAEs resulting from the microscopic constitutive behavior can be captured within the presented modeling approach. Secondly, to discuss general macroscopic properties of magnetically soft and hard MAEs, a computational homogenization scheme is used to calculate the composites’ effective behavior for different geometrical arrangements of the particles on the microscale. Finally, the calculated effective response of a magnetically soft composite system is used to identify the parameters of a macroscopic magneto-elastic model. Using the calibrated model, the behavior of macroscopic MAEs is simulated for different sample geometries.
La distribuzione diatopica di alcuni predicati complessi sardi
Authors: Casti Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the diatopic variation of some Sardinian complex predicates, mainly from a morphosyntactic (and, secondarily, a semantic) perspective. I will discuss (i) the distribution of Camp(idanese)ai/ Log(udorese)-Nu(orese)àere a+ inf(initive), lit. ‘to have to’ + inf., and of the agglutinated and univerbated forms of Log.-Nu.dèvere/dèppere+ inf., lit. ‘must’ + inf., both constructions expressing (different types of) future time reference; (ii) the diffusion of person and number in the modal complex predicate Camp.fai/ Log.-Nu.fàghere/fàchere a+ inf., lit. ‘to do to’ + inf., with the sense of ‘being able/allowed to do something’; (iii) cases of double accusative marking of clitic pronouns expressingcausee/beneficiaryandundergoer, and agreement between these pronouns and the past participle of ‘make’/‘let’ in the causative constructions Camp.fai/ Log.-Nu.fàghere/fàchere+ inf., lit. ‘to make’ + inf., and Camp.lassai/ Log.-Nu.lassare/(dassare)+ inf., lit. ‘to let’ + inf.; (iv) the ongoing diffusion of the reiterative and/or purposive values of Camp.torrai a/po/ Log.-Nu.torrare a/pro+ inf., lit. ‘to return to’ + inf.; (v) the ongoing diffusion of the aspectual complex predicate Camp.(am)megai/ Log.-Nu.(am)megare de/a+ inf., conveying progressive aspect, according to Blasco Ferrer (1991; 2002) and my data. In conclusion, I will argue that isoglosses of morphosyntactic variation of Sardinian complex predicates seem to be more ‘conservative’ (in the sense of Virdis 1988) and to englobe wider and more homogenous areas, if compared to phonological isoglosses.
Physicochemical and instrumental characterization of rice husk and its potential use as a low cost adsorbent for mutagenic dye bromophenol blue
Authors: Sultana Sabiha , Rehan Kamran , Rehan Imran , Ali Fahad , Waris Salman , Zahoor Muhammad , Salman Syed Muhammad , Khan Sanaullah , Rehan Muhammad Saad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study fine powder of rice husk were used as novel adsorbent for the removal of bromophenol dye. Different conventional physicochemical analysis and instrumental techniques were used to characterize the adsorbent. The surface area of the adsorbent was found to be 160.6 m2/g with bulk density of 1.139 g/dm3. Proximate and ultimate analysis showed that the selected material is a rich source of carbon with the advantage of not having Sulphur contents. FTIR and SEM analysis confirmed the surface modification via aqua regia in comparison to parental material (that have enhanced its surface porosity). The maximum uptake capacity (0.8 mg/g) of dye was reached at pH 3, 20 ppm of adsorbate concentration, and 0.5 g of treated rice husk dosage at room temperature and 60 min of equilibrium time. The equilibrium adsorption data was best explained by Freundlich adsorption isotherm with R
2 value of 0.998. Kinetic studies revealed that adsorption follows pseudo second order kinetic model with R
2 value of 0.997, K
2 equal to 0.831 (g/mg min), and q

e
value of 0.97 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters (∆S° = 6.78 J/mol, ∆H° = 1501 J/mol, ∆G° −1.50, 0.5, 0.621 and 0.0787 kJ/mol corresponding to 293, 303, 313 and 333 K) pointed towards the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the process.
The Political Economy of Health: Revisiting Its Marxian Origins to Address 21st-Century Health Inequalities
Authors: Harvey Michael 
Published: December 2020

The “political economy of health” is concerned with how political and economic domains interact and shape individual and population health outcomes. However, the term is variously defined in the public health, medical, and social science literatures.This could result in confusion about the term and its associated tradition, thereby constituting a barrier to its application in public health research and practice.To address these issues, I survey the political economy of health tradition, clarify its specifically Marxian theoretical legacy, and discuss its relevance to understanding and addressing public health issues. I conclude by discussing the benefits of employing critical theories of race and racism with Marxian political economy to better understand the roles of class exploitation and racial oppression in epidemiological patterning.