bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective treatment of residue of acrylic acid production using a fluid‐bed/fixed‐bed system with low energy consumption
Authors: Liu Biming , Liu Zhiying , Xu Yanhua , Sun Yongjun , Yu Yang , Zheng Huaili 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to effectively deal with large amounts of complex organic pollutants in the harmful distillation residues with low energy consumption, a novel two‐stage fluid‐bed/fixed‐bed system was designed to catalyze oxidation of acrylic acid production residue. The effects of fluid‐bed temperature, gaseous hourly space velocity (GHSV), and oxygen excess rate on the purification of acrylic acid production residue in the two‐stage fluid‐bed/fixed‐bed system were studied to prove the feasibility of the method. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the discharged liquid was <100 mg/L, and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the discharged gas amounted to <10 mg/m3 with a fluid‐bed temperature of 380°C, emulsified residue's GHSV of 0.28 L/(kgcat·hr), and O2 excessive rate of more than 4.32. The result of techno‐economics indicates the feasibility of the long‐term operation of process. Results further illustrate the advantages of the proposed two‐stage fluid‐bed/fixed‐bed system, which can treat acrylic acid production residue with high efficiency (COD < 100 mg/L, VOCs < 10 mg/m3) and low energy consumption (~24,856 kw·hr/ton) in the chemical industry.Practitioner points

A novel two‐stage fluid‐bed/fixed‐bed system was developed for acrylic acid production residue treatment.

No extra energy was required at low temperature in the two‐stage fluid‐bed/fixed‐bed system.

Purification of residue could be finished at low temperature by the catalytic pyrolysis and catalytic oxidation process.

The two‐stage system did not produce toxic gases and particulate matters.
Periprosthetic fractures of the knee: a comprehensive review
Authors: Benkovich Vadim , Klassov Yuri , Mazilis Boris , Bloom Shlomo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDemographic changes have resulted in an increase in the number of older patients diagnosed with degenerative joint disease. Developments in the field of joint arthroplasty allow a broader population to improve their lifestyles. An increased demand for knee arthroplasty has led to a rise in operations performed worldwide. Although there has been a constant propagation of technology and an increase in medical staffing at a professional level, many patients still encounter complications. Though rare, these factors may lead to life-threatening scenarios and a devastating effect on the success of the operation. One such rare complication includes periprosthetic fractures around the knee, a complex injury which requires a cautious and experienced approach. In this review, we analyze the prevalence, risk factors and classification, investigation and treatment options for periprosthetic fractures with total knee arthroplasty.
Best living concepts for elderly homeowners: combining a stated choice experiment with architectural design
Authors: Ossokina Ioulia V. , Arentze Theo A. , van Gameren Dick , van den Heuvel Dirk 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper we combine the insights from social sciences and architecture to design best living concepts for a specific target group, elderly homeowners. We perform a stated choice experiment to study residential preferences of this group and translate the results into an architectural design of senior-friendly housing. This methodological approach is novel to the literature. We derive the willingness-to-pay for different residential attributes and show how these attributes can be traded off against each other to create best living concepts. We discuss how these living concepts can be translated into customized architectural design while making use of standard architectural elements.
The increased risk for thromboembolism pre-cystectomy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer is mainly due to central venous access: a multicenter evaluation
Authors: Ottosson Kristoffer , Pelander Sofia , Johansson Markus , Huge Ylva , Aljabery Firas , Sherif Amir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate if patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) had an increased risk of thromboembolic events (TEE) and to evaluate when these events occur on a timeline starting from 6 months pre-cystectomy, during NAC-administration and 60 months post-cystectomy.

Methods
Two hundred and fifty five patients undergoing radical cystectomy during 2009–2014 at three Swedish cystectomy centers (Umeå, Linköping and Sundsvall) were in-detail reviewed retrospectively, using individual medical records. One hundred and twenty nine patients were ineligible for analysis. NAC patients (n = 67) were compared to NAC-naïve NAC-eligible patients (n = 59). The occurrence of TEE was divided into different periods pre-cystectomy and post-cystectomy. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared and logistical regression tests.

Results
Significant associations were found between receiving NAC and acquiring a TEE during NAC therapy pre-cystectomy. All but one pre-cystectomy event was venous and all but one of the patients received NAC. 31% (14/45) of TEEs occurred pre-cystectomy. The incidence of TEEs pre-cystectomy in NAC-naive NAC-eligible patients was only 10% (2/20), whereas the incidence of TEEs in NAC patients occurred pre-cystectomy in 48% (12/25) and 11/12 incidents were detected during NAC therapy—this including 7/11 (64%) incidents affecting veins in anatomical conjunction with the placement of central venous access for chemotherapy administration.

Conclusions
There is a significantly increased risk for TEE pre-cystectomy during chemotherapy administration in MIBC patients receiving NAC, compared to the risk in NAC-naïve NAC-eligible MIBC patients. In 64% of the pre-RC TEEs in NAC patients, there was a clinical connection to placement of central venous access.
Environmentalism in the EU-28 context: the impact of governance quality on environmental energy efficiency
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Garćıa Claudia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnvironmental policies are a significant cornerstone of a developed economy, but the question that arises is whether such policies lead to a sustainable growth path. It is clear that the energy sector plays a pivotal role in environmental policies, and although the current literature has focused on examining the link between energy consumption and economic growth through an abundance of studies, it does not explicitly consider the role of institutional or governance quality variables in the process. Both globalization and democracy are important drivers of sustainability, while environmentalism is essential for the objective of gaining a “better world.” Governance quality is expected to be the key, not only for economic purposes but also for the efficiency of environmental policies. To that end, the analysis in this paper explores the link between governance quality and energy efficiency for the EU-28 countries, spanning the period 1995 to 2014. The findings document that there is a nexus between energy efficiency and income they move together: the most efficient countries are in the group with higher GDP per capita. Furthermore, the results show that governance quality is an important driver of energy efficiency and, hence, of environmental policies.
Effect of WC/Ni–Cr additive on changes in the composition of an atmospheric residue in the course of cracking
Authors: Pevneva Galina S. , Voronetskaya Natalya G. , Sviridenko Nikita N. , Golovko Anatoly K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper presents the results of investigation of changes in the composition of hydrocarbons and sulfur-containing compounds of an atmospheric residue in the course of cracking in the presence of a tungsten carbide–nickel–chromium (WC/Ni–Cr) catalytic additive and without it. The cracking is carried out in an autoclave at 500 °C for 30 min. The addition of the WC/Ni–Cr additive promotes the deepening of reactions of destruction not only of resins and asphaltenes, but also high molecular weight naphthene-aromatic compounds of the atmospheric residue. It is shown that the content of low molecular weight C9–C17 n-alkanes and C9–C10 alkylbenzenes rose sharply in the products of cracking with addition of WC/Ni–Cr in comparison with those produced without the additive. Alkyl- and naphthene-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons of benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene series, polyarenes, benzo- and dibenzothiophenes are identified.
Is It Time We Better Understood the Tests We are Using for Return to Sport Decision Making Following ACL Reconstruction? A Critical Review of the Hop Tests
Authors: Davies William T. , Myer Gregory D. , Read Paul J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere has been a move towards a criterion-based return to play in recent years, with 4 single-leg hop tests commonly used to assess functional performance. Despite their widespread integration, research indicates that relationships between ‘passing’ ‘hop test criteria and successful outcomes following rehabilitation are equivocal, and, therefore, require further investigation. This critical review includes key information to examine the evolution of these tests, their reliability, relationships with other constructs, and sensitivity to change over time. Recommendations for how measurement and administration of the tests can be improved are also discussed. The evidence presented in this review shows that hop tests display good reliability and are sensitive to change over time. However, the use of more than 2 hop tests does not appear to be necessary due to high collinearity and no greater sensitivity to detect abnormality. The inclusion of other hop tests in different planes may give greater information about the current function of the knee, particularly when measured over time using both relative and absolute measures of performance. It is recommended that the contralateral limb be tested prior to surgery for a more relevant benchmark for performance, and clinicians are strongly advised to measure movement quality, as hop distance alone appears to overestimate the recovery of the knee.
CReSIS airborne radars and platforms for ice and snow sounding
Authors: Arnold Emily , Leuschen Carl , Rodriguez-Morales Fernando , Li Jilu , Paden John , Hale Richard , Keshmiri Shawn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper provides an update and overview of the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) radars and platforms, including representative results from these systems. CReSIS radar systems operate over a frequency range of 14–38 GHz. Each radar system's specific frequency band is driven by the required depth of signal penetration, measurement resolution, allocated frequency spectra, and antenna operating frequencies (often influenced by aircraft integration). We also highlight recent system advancements and future work, including (1) increasing system bandwidth; (2) miniaturizing radar hardware; and (3) increasing sensitivity. For platform development, we are developing smaller, easier to operate and less expensive unmanned aerial systems. Next-generation platforms will further expand accessibility to scientists with vertical takeoff and landing capabilities.
On the Recent Amplification of Dust Over the Arabian Peninsula During 2002–2012
Authors: Ravi Kumar Kunchala , Attada Raju , Dasari Hari Prasad , Vellore Ramesh K. , Abualnaja Yasser O. , Ashok Karumuri , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing available satellite observations and Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version‐2 data sets for the period 1980–2016, this study reveals a summertime dust amplification over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) during about past two decades. Our results demonstrate a significant positive trend in summertime dust loading over the AP since the year 2002, with a maximum increase of 21% over the southern Red Sea. The increased summertime dust over the southern AP is attributed to the intensification of the remote dust transport from the Sahara Desert through Sudan by a strengthened Tokar Gap westerly jet and a general increased gustiness in the AP. Furthermore, increased both air and soil temperature and reduction in the soil moisture along with increased sensible heat flux led to increased local dryness in the AP and played a significant role in enhancing wind‐induced localized dust emissions therein. The associated changes in the AP include an enhancement of net radiative fluxes, particularly the long wave radiative flux.
Seasonal Evolution of the Quasi‐biennial Oscillation Impact on the Northern Hemisphere Polar Vortex in Winter
Authors: Zhang Jiankai , Xie Fei , Ma Zhichao , Zhang Chongyang , Xu Mian , Wang Tao , Zhang Ruhua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing potential vorticity to define Northern Hemisphere (NH) stratospheric polar vortex strength and position, the influence of the QBO on the polar vortex in winter is analyzed. The results show that the weakened/enhanced NH polar vortex in the lower stratosphere during easterly/westerly QBO (E/WQBO) phases is more noticeable in January and February than in November and December. Furthermore, the NH polar vortex shows a shift toward the Eurasian continent and away from North America in winter during EQBO phases compared with that during WQBO phases, with a greater shift in January and February than in November and December. The weaker QBO impact on the zonal mean zonal wind and temperature in February found in previous studies may be related to the cancelling effects of opposite‐signed anomalies over Eurasia and North America induced by the polar vortex shift associated with the QBO. During EQBO phases the upper stratospheric easterly anomalies in early winter increase the frequency of negative refractive index in the middle and high latitudes in late winter. Less planetary wave 1 propagates upward into the upper stratosphere and more wave 1 accumulates in the lower stratosphere, leading to the weakening and shift of the polar vortex in late winter. In addition, the poleward displacement of the subtropical jet during EQBO phases causes more poleward propagation of synoptic‐scale waves in the lower stratosphere, and thus more Rossby wave breaking events over Eurasia in late winter than during WQBO phases, further weakening and shifting the polar vortex in EQBO phases.
220 Year Diatom δ18O Reconstruction of the Guaymas Basin Thermocline Using Microfluorination
Authors: Menicucci Anthony J. , Thunell Robert C. , Spero Howard J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe removal of exchangeable oxygen from diatom opal prior to δ18Odiatom analysis is a crucial first step before analyzing frustule oxygen isotopes for paleoceanographic applications. We present the results of experiments that quantify the temperature‐dependent reactivity of biogenic silica with water under laboratory conditions. We demonstrate that controlled exchange between rinse water and diatom opal at room temperature results in predictable alteration of δ18Odiatom, after vacuum dehydroxylation. Diatom samples equilibrated with an 18O‐enriched δ18Oequil. water solution of +94.4‰ at ~21 °C for 70 hr prior to dehydroxylation yield δ18Odiatom data that can be directly interpreted with existing empirical δ18Odiatom versus temperature relationships. We compare sediment trap‐based δ18Odiatom temperature data with modern δ18Oforam temperatures. Finally, we present an ~220 year record of δ18Odiatom data from an eastern Pacific Guaymas Basin boxcore, analyzed using the microfluorination technique, that indicates diatom chlorophyll maximum (Chlmax) temperatures have shifted from a period during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that was 8 °C cooler during the fall bloom relative to mean annual alkenone
sea surface temperature, to the late twentieth century when we observe no difference between alkenone sea surface temperature and diatom Chlmax. These data suggest a twentieth century seasonal shift in the timing of fall upwelling and Guaymas Basin stratification breakdown that could be due to reduced upwelling efficiency and/or increased summer mixed layer thermal stratification.
Validity of Assuming Equilibrium Between Liquid Water and Vapor for Simulating Evaporation
Authors: Novak Michael D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe standard assumption used in evaporation theory that at any location in a soil water vapor density is equal to the value in thermodynamic equilibrium with the liquid water has recently been questioned. This paper defines precise criteria for nonequilibrium to occur during evaporation in soils. In doing so a physically based model of the pore transfer coefficient critical to quantifying the degree of nonequilibrium is developed. The likelihood of departure from the equilibrium assumption for various soil textures and temperature conditions, including the extreme case of surface fire, is presented. Furthermore the pore transfer coefficient is incorporated into steady‐state nonequilibrium simulations of evaporation from a coarse sand under field conditions and compared with the corresponding equilibrium simulation. Outside of the narrow subsurface evaporation zone there were no significant differences between the nonequilibrium and equilibrium simulations. Since nonequilibrium effects were most likely to be seen with the coarse sand abandoning the standard assumption in future work is unnecessary, and all previous work based on it need not be questioned.
Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene–drug interaction of DPYD and fluoropyrimidines
Authors: Lunenburg Carin A. T. C. , van der Wouden Cathelijne H. , Nijenhuis Marga , Crommentuijn-van Rhenen Mandy H. , de Boer-Veger Nienke J. , Buunk Anne Marie , Houwink Elisa J. F. , Mulder Hans , Rongen Gerard A. , van Schaik Ron H. N. , van der Weide Jan , Wilffert Bob , Deneer Vera H. M. , Swen Jesse J. , Guchelaar Henk-Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite advances in the field of pharmacogenetics (PGx), clinical acceptance has remained limited. The Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) aims to facilitate PGx implementation by developing evidence-based pharmacogenetics guidelines to optimize pharmacotherapy. This guideline describes the starting dose optimization of three anti-cancer drugs (fluoropyrimidines: 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine and tegafur) to decrease the risk of severe, potentially fatal, toxicity (such as diarrhoea, hand-foot syndrome, mucositis or myelosuppression). Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, encoded by theDPYDgene) enzyme deficiency increases risk of fluoropyrimidine-induced toxicity. TheDPYD-gene activity score, determined by fourDPYDvariants, predicts DPD activity and can be used to optimize an individual’s starting dose. The gene activity score ranges from 0 (no DPD activity) to 2 (normal DPD activity). In case it is not possible to calculate the gene activity score based onDPYDgenotype, we recommend to determine the DPD activity and adjust the initial dose based on available data. For patients initiating 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine: subjects with a gene activity score of 0 are recommended to avoid systemic and cutaneous 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine; subjects with a gene activity score of 1 or 1.5 are recommended to initiate therapy with 50% the standard dose of 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine. For subjects initiating tegafur: subjects with a gene activity score of 0, 1 or 1.5 are recommended to avoid tegafur. Subjects with a gene activity score of 2 (reference) should receive a standard dose. Based on the DPWG clinical implication score,DPYDgenotyping is considered “essential”, therefore directingDPYDtesting prior to initiating fluoropyrimidines.
Aggregation of poorly crystalline and amorphous components of infectious urinary stones is mediated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Prywer Jolanta , Torzewska Agnieszka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPoorly crystalline and amorphous precipitate (PCaAP) is one of the components of the so-called infectious urinary stones, which are the result of the activity of urease-producing microorganisms, mainly from the Proteus species, in particular Proteus mirabilis. The main component of this kind of stones is crystalline struvite (MgNH4PO4∙6H2O). Bacteria can build into the structure of the urinary stone and, in this way, they are one of the components of the urinary stone. From these three components – PCaAP, struvite and Proteus mirabilis – PCaAP exhibits the greatest ability to aggregate. The present study focuses on the aggregation of PCaAP. In particular, an influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Proteus mirabilis on aggregation of PCaAP is presented. An aggregation of PCaAP is characterized by cross-sectional area of aggregates and zeta potential. The results demonstrate that, in artificial urine, the influence of freely suspended LPS on aggregation of PCaAP depends on the concentrations of LPS. Small concentrations of freely suspended LPS enhance the aggregation of PCaAP compared to the control test. For high concentrations of freely suspended LPS the formation of aggregates of PCaAP is inhibited. LPS, which is not freely suspended, but covers polystyrene latex beads, has no such properties. The investigations provide evidence for the importance of biological regulation in the PCaAP aggregation process.
Non-contact characterization of compound optical elements using reflectance confocal microscopy, low-coherence interferometry, and computational ray-tracing
Authors: El-Haddad Mohamed T. , Tao Yuankai K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdvances in microscopy have enabled us to see at unprecedented depths and resolutions, even breaking the diffraction-limit by several fold. These improvements have come at the expense of system complexity with microscopes routinely employing multiple objective lenses and custom optical relays. Optimal system design is paramount for imaging performance, but research systems are limited by the use of commercial components because optical prescriptions are often inaccessible. System performance can be further degraded when these components are implemented in nonstandard configurations outside of manufacturer specifications. Here, we describe a method for characterization of compound optical elements including curvatures, material and air-gap thicknesses, and glass types. We present validation data for doublets and a commercial broadband scan lens. Our method is both non-contact and non-destructive, and we believe it addresses a unique gap in optical design that may be extended to broad applications in both research and industrial manufacturing.
Finite-key analysis for twin-field quantum key distribution with composable security
Authors: Yin Hua-Lei , Chen Zeng-Bing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) has long time seriously relied on trusted relay or quantum repeater, which either has security threat or is far from practical implementation. Recently, a solution called twin-field (TF) QKD and its variants have been proposed to overcome this challenge. However, most security proofs are complicated, a majority of which could only ensure security against collective attacks. Until now, the full and simple security proof can only be provided with asymptotic resource assumption. Here, we provide a composable finite-key analysis for coherent-state-based TF-QKD with rigorous security proof against general attacks. Furthermore, we develop the optimal statistical fluctuation analysis method to significantly improve secret key rate in high-loss regime. The results show that coherent-state-based TF-QKD is practical and feasible, with the potential to apply over nearly one thousand kilometers.