bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public network leadership and the ties that lead
Authors: Cristofoli Daniela , Trivellato Benedetta , Sancino Alessandro , Maccio’ Laura , Markovic Josip 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study explores how certain characteristics of the network structure, such as autonomization and connectivity, differently combine with individual leadership in order to produce high network performance. Data gathered through a survey of 265 networks for homecare assistance shed light on three different paths simultaneously leading to network success. First, the presence of autonomy from government (autonomization) appears to be able to ensure network success, irrespective of the other conditions. Secondly, the presence (or absence) of an individual network leader combines differently with the network’s connectivity. Sparsely connected networks seem to require a network leader, forging agreements and leading partners towards a common objective. On the contrary, in highly connected networks, it is the intensity of network ties that appears to lead the network (the network leader seems to be not important). These networks seem to be leaderless, but not necessarily leadershipless.
Temporal experience as a core quality in mental disorders
Authors: Moskalewicz Marcin , Schwartz Michael A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to introduce Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences’ thematic issue on disordered temporalities. The authors begin by discussing the main reason for the neglect of temporal experience in present-day psychiatric nosologies, mainly, its reduction to clock time. Methodological challenges facing research on temporal experience include addressing the felt sense of time, its structure, and its pre-reflective aspects in the life-world setting. In the second part, the paper covers the contributions to the thematic issue concerning temporal experience in anxiety, depression, mania, addiction, post-traumatic stress disorder, autism, and in recovery from psychosis. The authors argue in favor of integrative and cross-disciplinary approaches. In conclusion, they present time as a significant aspect of human suffering.
Evil and the god of indifference
Authors: Bernáth László , Kodaj Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe evidential problem of evil involves a rarely discussed challenge, namely the challenge of defending theism against the hypothesis of a morally indifferent creator. Our argument uses a Bayesian framework and it starts by showing that if the only alternative to classical theism is naturalistic atheism, then fine-tuning can render theism virtually certain, even in the face of evil. But if the alternatives include the hypothesis of a morally indifferent creator, theism is defeated even if the fine-tuning premise is accepted. The resulting version of the evidential problem is unsolvable using the tools that are currently deployed by theists against evil.
On the boundedness of the Weyl transform for homogeneous distributions on $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$
Authors: Wagner Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStarting from earlier work by M.W. Wong, we give necessary and sufficient criteria, respectively, for the boundedness of the Weyl transform $$W_\sigma $$Wσ as an operator on $$L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$L2(R) if $$\sigma $$σ is a homogeneous distribution on $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$R2.
Hypertension and Reproduction
Authors: Nilsson Peter M. , Viigimaa Margus , Giwercman Aleksander , Cifkova Renata 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Many aspects of reproduction have been associated with increased blood pressure and impaired glucose metabolism that reveals a subsequent increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this review is to assess reproductive life factors associated with an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, e.g., early life programming, sexual, and reproductive health in men and women.

Recent Findings
Impaired fetal growth, with low birth weight adjusted for gestational age, has been found associated with hypertension in adulthood. Erectile dysfunction, currently considered an early diagnostic marker of cardiovascular disease preceding the manifestation of coronary artery disease by several years, frequently coexisting with hypertension, could also be exacerbated by some antihypertensive drugs. Male hypogonadism or subfertility are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy including preeclampsia represent a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity, and mortality. The risk of developing preeclampsia can be substantially reduced in women at its high or moderate risk with a low dose of acetylsalicylic acid initiated from 12 weeks of gestation. An increased risk of hypertension in women following invasive-assisted reproductive technologies has been newly observed. Blood pressure elevation has been noticed following contraceptive pill use, around the menopause and in postmenopausal age. Furthermore, drug treatment of hypertension has to be considered as a factor with a potential impact on reproduction (e.g., due to teratogenic drug effects).

Summary
In summary, a deeper understanding of reproductive life effects on hypertension and metabolic abnormalities may improve prediction of future cardiovascular disease.
Complexities in Genetics of Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Rahmati Sara , Tsoi Lam , O’Rielly Darren , Chandran Vinod , Rahman Proton 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewTo provide a general overview and current challenges regarding the genetics of psoriatic disease. With the use of integrative medicine, multiple candidate loci identified to date in psoriatic disease will be annotated, summarized, and visualized. Recent studies reporting differences in genetic architecture between psoriatic arthritis and cutaneous-only psoriasis will be highlighted.Recent FindingsFocusing on functional pathways that connect previously identified genetic variants can increase our understanding of psoriatic diseases. The genetic architecture differs between psoriatic arthritis and cutaneous-only psoriasis with arthritis-specific signals in linkage disequilibrium independent of the published psoriasis signals.SummaryIntegrative medicine is helpful in understanding cellular mechanisms of psoriatic diseases. Careful selection of the psoriatic disease cohort has translated into mechanistic differences among psoriatic arthritis and cutaneous psoriasis.
CAS9 is a genome mutator by directly disrupting DNA-PK dependent DNA repair pathway
Authors: Xu Shuxiang , Kim Jinchul , Tang Qingshuang , Chen Qu , Liu Jingfeng , Xu Yang , Fu Xuemei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith its high efficiency for site-specific genome editing and easy manipulation, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ CRISPR associated protein 9 (CAS9) system has become the most widely used gene editing technology in biomedical research. In addition, significant progress has been made for the clinical development of CRISPR/CAS9 based gene therapies of human diseases, several of which are entering clinical trials. Here we report that CAS9 protein can function as a genome mutator independent of any exogenous guide RNA (gRNA) in human cells, promoting genomic DNA double-stranded break (DSB) damage and genomic instability. CAS9 interacts with the KU86 subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex and disrupts the interaction between KU86 and its kinase subunit, leading to defective DNA-PK-dependent repair of DNA DSB damage via non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. XCAS9 is a CAS9 variant with potentially higher fidelity and broader compatibility, and dCAS9 is a CAS9 variant without nuclease activity. We show that XCAS9 and dCAS9 also interact with KU86 and disrupt DNA DSB repair. Considering the critical roles of DNA-PK in maintaining genomic stability and the pleiotropic impact of DNA DSB damage responses on cellular proliferation and survival, our findings caution the interpretation of data involving CRISPR/CAS9-based gene editing and raise serious safety concerns of CRISPR/CAS9 system in clinical application.
Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel Part II: mechanisms of stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment
Authors: Kromm A. , Lausch T. , Schroepfer D. , Rhode M. , Kannengiesser T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWelding of 13CrMoV9-10 vanadium steel requires care due to an increased susceptibility to stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment. Previous research into the crack formation in creep-resistant steels has focused on thermal and metallurgical factors; however, little knowledge has been gathered regarding the crack formation during post weld heat treatment considering real-life restraint conditions. This work is subdivided in two parts. Part I showed that an increasing heat input during submerged arc welding under restraint led to an increasing stress level in the joint prior to the post weld heat treatment. The magnitude of stress relief cracking observed in the heat-affected zone after the post weld heat treatment is affected by the heat input. In Part II of this work, the cracks and the associated microstructure which occurred under restraint were studied. The application of a special acoustic emission analysis indicated that the cracks formed in a temperature range between 300 and 500 °C during the post weld heat treatment. The toughness in the heat-affected zone of the restrained welds was affected by the welding heat input. Microstructural analyses of all specimens revealed accelerated aging due to precipitation of carbides during post weld heat treatment under restraint.
Potential of MXenes in Water Desalination: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Ihsanullah Ihsanullah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMXenes, novel 2D transition metal carbides, have emerged as wonderful nanomaterials and a superlative contestant for a host of applications. The tremendous characteristics of MXenes, i.e., high surface area, high metallic conductivity, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, activated metallic hydroxide sites, and hydrophilicity, make them the best aspirant for applications in energy storage, catalysis, sensors, electronics, and environmental remediation. Due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and multifarious chemical compositions, MXenes have gained considerable attention for applications in water treatment and desalination in recent times. It is vital to understand the current status of MXene applications in desalination in order to define the roadmap for the development of MXene-based materials and endorse their practical applications in the future. This paper critically reviews the recent advancement in the synthesis of MXenes and MXene-based composites for applications in desalination. The desalination potential of MXenes is portrayed in detail with a focus on ion-sieving membranes, capacitive deionization, and solar desalination. The ion removal mechanism and regeneration ability of MXenes are also summarized to get insight into the process. The key challenges and issues associated with the synthesis and applications of MXenes and MXene-based composites in desalination are highlighted. Lastly, research directions are provided to guarantee the synthesis and applications of MXenes in a more effective way. This review may provide an insight into the applications of MXenes for water desalination in the future.
Diagnosing dehydration in the nursing home: international consensus based on a modified Delphi study
Authors: Paulis Simone J. C. , Everink Irma H. J. , Halfens Ruud J. G. , Lohrmann Christa , Wirnsberger Regina Roller , Gordon Adam L. , Schols Jos M. G. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Even though dehydration is a big problem among nursing home residents, a universally agreed method to diagnose dehydration among nursing home residents is missing. Therefore, this study aimed to establish consensus on a method to diagnose dehydration in this population.

Methods
Using an international Delphi study, 53 experts (physicians and advanced nurse practitioners) were asked to judge various methods to diagnose dehydration on relevance and feasibility in the nursing home. Based on the methods that gained consensus in the first and second round (≥ 75% consensus), a step-by-step diagnostic strategy was developed which was presented to, and judged by, the experts in round three.

Results
After the first and second round, consensus was reached on nine anamnestic items, eight physical symptoms and three blood tests. In the third round, 24 experts agreed with the developed step-by-step diagnostic strategy as a standard to diagnose dehydration in nursing home residents.

Conclusion
This is the first study reaching international consensus on a strategy to diagnose dehydration in the nursing home. This strategy comprehends a presumption phase, where anamnestic items and physical symptoms are examined, followed by a confirmation phase with blood tests to confirm the diagnosis of dehydration. Using this strategy, it is important to take the individual characteristics (e.g. co-morbidity) of the resident and its care environment (e.g. ambient temperature) into account.
Decoding surface code with a distributed neural network–based decoder
Authors: Varsamopoulos Savvas , Bertels Koen , Almudever Carmen G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere has been a rise in decoding quantum error correction codes with neural network–based decoders, due to the good decoding performance achieved and adaptability to any noise model. However, the main challenge is scalability to larger code distances due to an exponential increase of the error syndrome space. Note that successfully decoding the surface code under realistic noise assumptions will limit the size of the code to less than 100 qubits with current neural network–based decoders. Such a problem can be tackled by a distributed way of decoding, similar to the renormalization group (RG) decoders. In this paper, we introduce a decoding algorithm that combines the concept of RG decoding and neural network–based decoders. We tested the decoding performance under depolarizing noise with noiseless error syndrome measurements for the rotated surface code and compared against the blossom algorithm and a neural network–based decoder. We show that a similar level of decoding performance can be achieved between all tested decoders while providing a solution to the scalability issues of neural network–based decoders.
Finite element model and test results for punching shear failure of RC slabs
Authors: Lewiński Paweł M. , Więch Przemysław P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The nonlinear finite element analysis of pin-supported reinforced concrete slabs of moderate thickness is the main subject of this paper. This is an important issue of the mechanics of concrete structures. Thus, a nonlinear FE analysis of RC slab models subjected to punching shear was initiated and the comparison of the numerical and test results was made. The prediction engine of the crack pattern due to bending and extension is incorporated in the Mindlin-type (moderately thick) slab model together with other nonlinear features. This is in order to formulate an alternative model of RC slab in relation to the layered models or fully three-dimensional models. New formulas were applied for 3D constitutive relationships for concrete and for tension stiffening effect. Prediction of punching shear was facilitated by Podgórski’s failure criterion for concrete. On the one hand, a considerable advantage of the proposed approach is a relatively low numerical effort in comparison with the existing models, while on the other hand the applied model clearly describes the physical behaviour of a real slab. A supporting test programme for validation was run. Three RC slabs with a system of double-headed studs as the reinforcement against punching were tested by the authors in ITB Strength Tests Laboratory. The results for the units constructed as square slabs with a central short column subjected to full-scale tests were initially compared with assessments based on standard provisions and technical approvals. As a result of this approach, the overall prediction of the nonlinear behaviour of the test model, including the model of shear failure, is in accordance with the experimental data.
Correlations between low thyroid function and incidence of atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Li‐Min , Shen Li‐Shui , Liu Shang‐Yu , Tu Bin , Li Guo‐Liang , Hu Feng , Hu Zhi‐Cheng , Wu Ling‐Min , Fan Xiao‐Han , Zheng Li‐Hui , Ding Li‐Gang , Yao Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Data regarding the correlations of thyroid dysfunction and the incidence of AF in HOCM are quite limited. This study aimed to reveal the correlations between different thyroid status and the corresponding incidence of AF in a large HOCM cohort.MethodsA total of 806 HOCM patients with complete information on thyroid function tests and comprehensive cardiac evaluations were recruited. The participants were divided into the AF group (n = 159) and non‐AF group (n = 647) according to established medical history and results of Holter monitoring. The thyroid status of the study population and the corresponding incidence of AF were assessed and analyzed.ResultsHypothyroidism accounted for the greatest proportion of thyroid dysfunction in HOCM patients. The incidence of AF significantly increased in individuals with both overt (P = 0.022) and subclinical (P = 0.007) hypothyroidism. Compared with participants in the non‐AF group, those with positive AF episodes presented with lower free triiodothyronine (FT3) (2.86 ± 0.52 pg/mL vs. 3.01 ± 0.42 pg/mL, P = 0.001), higher free thyroxine (FT4) (1.24 ± 0.25 ng/dL vs. 1.15 ± 0.16 ng/dL, P < 0.001), and remarkably increased levels of thyrotropin (TSH) (12.6% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.001). Multivariable analyses demonstrated that the concentrations of FT3 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.470, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.272–0.813, P = 0.007) and FT4 (OR = 17.992, 95% CI: 5.750–56.296, P < 0.001), as well as TSH levels above normal ranges (OR = 2.276, 95% CI: 1.113–4.652, P = 0.024) were independently associated with the occurrence of AF in the large HOCM cohort.ConclusionsThis study indicated a strong link between low thyroid function and the presence of AF in HOCM. Hypothyroidism (both overt and subclinical states) seems to be valuable for assessing the incidence of AF in patients with HOCM.
MSIsensor-Pro: Fast, Accurate, and Matched-Normal-Sample-Free Detection of Microsatellite Instability
Authors: Jia Peng , Yang Xiaofei , Guo Li , Liu Bowen , Lin Jiadong , Liang Hao , Sun Jianyong , Zhang Chengsheng , Ye Kai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a key biomarker for cancer therapy and prognosis. Traditional experimental assays are laborious and time-consuming, and next-generation sequencing-based computational methods do not work on leukemia samples, paraffin-embedded samples, or patient-derived xenografts/organoids, due to the requirement of matched normal samples. Herein, we developed MSIsensor-pro, an open-source single sample MSI scoring method for research and clinical applications. MSIsensor-pro introduces a multinomial distribution model to quantify polymerase slippages for each tumor sample and a discriminative site selection method to enable MSI detection without matched normal samples. We demonstrate that MSIsensor-pro is an ultrafast, accurate, and robust MSI calling method. Using samples with various sequencing depths and tumor purities, MSIsensor-pro significantly outperformed the current leading methods in both accuracy and computational cost. MSIsensor-pro is available at https://github.com/xjtu-omics/msisensor-pro and free for non-commercial use, while a commercial license is provided upon request.
Somali Ventures in China: Trade and Mobility in a Transnational Economy
Authors: Lochery Emma 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:Research on Somali mobility and migration has predominantly focused on forced migration from Somalia and diaspora communities in Western Europe and North America, neglecting other experiences and destinations. This article traces the journeys of Somali traders from East Africa to China, mapping the growth of a transnational trading economy that has offered a stable career path to a few but a chance to scrape by for many others. Understandings of migration and mobility must encompass these precarious terrains, allowing for a richer examination of how individuals have navigated war, displacement, and political and economic change by investing in transnational livelihoods, not just via ties to the West, but through the myriad connections linking African economies to the Gulf and Asia.
Remembering Slavery in Urban Cape Town: Emancipation or Continuity?
Authors: North Samuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article examines how slavery has been remembered in the urban space of Cape Town over time. It explores how individuals and groups have commemorated the history of slavery from the late nineteenth century onwards. It outlines how memory of slavery faded as the number of people with direct experience of enslavement decreased, with burgeoning racial segregation influencing the way that the past was viewed. It then examines how post-1994 democracy in South Africa has once again changed approaches to history. Colonial-era abuses such as slavery have not always been readily remembered in an urban space where their legacies are visible, and this article examines the interplay of politics and identity at the heart of public memorialization of these contested pasts.
The collision cross-sections for proton–argon interaction based on ab initio potential
Authors: Terashkevich V. A. , Meshkov V. V. , Pazyuk E. A. , Stolyarov A. V. 
Published: March 2020

The classical collision cross-sections of a proton with an argon atom as well as the thermal transport coefficients and rate constant of the colliding

$\text{H}^{+}-\text{Ar}$

system are evaluated at the kinetic temperature

$T\in [100,10\,000]~(\text{K})$

by means of the asymptotically correct analytical potential constructed for the ground

$X^{1}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}^{+}$

state of the ArH+ cation from the highly accurate ab initio data available in the entire range of internuclear distances (Terashkevich et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, vol. 234, 2019, pp. 139–146). The results can be useful to estimate thermodynamic, transport and kinetic properties of the Ar/H2 plasma in a wide temperature range.
An unexpected excursion: The first account of Spaniards in Ayutthaya (1585)
Authors: CROSSLEY JOHN N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough the Portuguese established contact with Thailand soon after their conquest of Melaka in 1511, it was thought that Spaniards did not go there until the disastrous expedition of Diego Belloso in 1596. However, in a little-known manuscript from about 1600 there is an account of an inadvertent visit by a small group of Spaniards in 1585, after they had been blown off course trying to return to Manila from Macao. This includes a description of Ayutthaya, presented here, together with an account of the trials and tribulations they endured in getting back to Manila. The Spaniards had gone to Macao with the Jesuit Alonso Sánchez, ostensibly to sort out a mutiny on a galleon bound for Acapulco, but Sánchez also wanted to pursue his agenda of converting China to Christianity and his reports do not mention this extraordinary adventure of some of his companions.