bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social justice as a way to sustain human and economic development
Authors: Al-Jabury Mahdi Sahar , Al-Share' Rahim Kazim 
Published: July 2020

شهدت العديد من بلدان العالم ومنها البلدان العربية خلال القرن الحادي والعشرين خصوصا ثورات وانتفاضات كان سببها الاساس تعرض شعوب تلك البلدان بالظلم والاضطهاد واتساع فجوة الفقر وتزايد معدلات الفقر والبطالة .
ونتيجة لما تقدم فقد ظهر مفهوم العدالة الاجتماعية في ادبيات اغلب السياسيين والطروحات الاقتصادية التي تبنتها بعض البلدان في دساتيرها او سياساتها الاقتصادية ، وان الهدف الاساس لسياسة البلد الاقتصادية العمل على تقليل الفروقات الاجتماعية بين الافراد والمجتمع والاقاليم داخل البلد وبالتالي تمتع الجميع بالحقوق السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية وحريات متكافئة من اجل اعطاء فرص متكافئة ومتساوية للجميع للمساهمة في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية .
ويهدف هذا البحث الى بيان مفهوم العدالة الاجتماعية واسباب عدم تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية من جهة وتحليل العلاقة بين العدالة الاجتماعية وتحقيق التنمية المستدامة من جهة اخرى ، خاصة كلما انخفضت مؤشرات العدالة الاجتماعية لبلد ما انعكس ذلك على انخفاض مؤشرات تحقيق استدامة التنمية البشرية والاقتصادية . ويركز البحث على استعراض وتحليل اهم المؤشرات العدالة الاجتماعية والتنمية البشرية والاقتصادية في العراق وتحليل العلاقة بينهما من اجل تحقيق استدامة للتنمية.
وتوصل البحث الى ان انخفاض مؤشرات العدالة الاجتماعية كانعدام عدالة توزيع الدخل والثروة وتقييد الحريات وعدم التمكين واللامساواة تؤدي الى عدم الاستقرار السياسي والاقتصادي للبلد مما يتطلب تقليل الفوارق في توزيع الدخل والثروة والمساواة وتوفير شبكات حماية اجتماعية فعالة وقوية تجعل البلد اقل تعرضا للتقلبات الاقتصادية وتوفر مستوى دخل ملائم للأفراد.
Borrowing, the Outcome of Language Contact
Authors: Sabir Paiman Hama Salih 
Published: July 2020

This study which entitles “Borrowing, the Outcome of Language Contact” tackles one aspect of the current sociolinguistic phenomenon, which borrowing words by Kurdish speakers as the result of language contact.
Due to the development of technology, globalization, and easiness of transportation among different countries, languages come into contact, as the result words are borrowed from one language to another and especially from the donor language to the recipient one.
Since Kurdish language (as one of the world languages) is also been affected by the new trend of language contact, accordingly many words have been borrowed into all aspects of life.
For this purpose, the researcher tries to define borrowing or loan words, classify them depending on literature and identifies the major factors on borrowing words, finally, the researcher presents a number of tables within which she represents a vast number of borrowed words from English, adapted from a study that she has done on English loan words used by Kurdish people at visual media.
The Importance of Linguistic Saying among Fundamentalists
Authors: Al-Barznjy Sabah Mohammed 
Published: July 2020

Science jurisprudence of Sciences to evaluate the standard jurisprudence and be sentenced watershed for discussions jurists and thought problems. Have a look at this evidence and knowledge about how to justify the fatwas and opinions. And the evidence is as well known is the Quran , Sunnah and consensus. It is known also that the Quranic texts and prophetic texts are arabic , permission has to be research into the limits of language and reference linguists, which made the fundamentalists are looking authoritative sayings linguists and controls these authentic in its borders temporal and spatial This means that in addition to the legitimate mechanisms and mental There are linguistic mechanisms for the analysis of texts from which to pour the texts in the minds and ideas to materialize in reality.
Strategi Pengembangan Agribisnis Kopi Arabika di Kabupaten Simalungun
Authors: Siadari Ulidesi , Jamhari Jamhari , Masyhuri Masyhuri 
Published: July 2020

Coffee is an important export commodity for Indonesia, which contributes a sizeable foreign exchange. Indonesian coffee production is still fluctuating. Simalungun is a regency in North Sumatera province which have significant potential for the development of Arabica coffee commodity. However, there are some obstacles in the development of arabica coffee farming including land resources utilization, aspects of cultivation, harvest and post-harvest, and institutional aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate business development strategies for arabica coffe agribusiness. This study aims to determine priority strategies from various alternatives in developing Arabica coffee. Determination of the location of the study was done purposively. Respondents in this study were experts or key people who understoodarabika coffee agribusiness. The method used in determining respondents is purposive sampling. Primary data is obtained through direct interviews conducted with respondents and secondary data obtained from books, journals and books of the agricultural service report. Several alternatives in this study were determined based on the results of discussions with the experts and also based on the literature and previous research. Some of these alternatives are then compared in a questionnaire for the respondents. The comparison is then processed using the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP). Data processing is done using the expert choice application so that a priority alternative appears. The study oncludes that based on analytic hierarchy process, the priority strategy is developing the capacity of human resources (HR) of agribusiness actors
CELLULAR UPTAKE STUDY AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDY OF RESVERATROL-GOLD-PEG-FOLATE (RSV-AU-PEG-FA) NANOPARTICLES ON HELA HUMAN CERVICAL CANCER CELL LINE
Authors: PUTRI DARA A. , SUTRIYO SUTRIYO , SAPUTRI FADLINA C. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectivity of resveratrol-gold-PEG-folate (RSV-Au-PEG-FA) nanoparticles formulation in resveratrol (RSV) targeted delivery and cytotoxicity effect on HeLa human cervical cancer cell line.
Methods: Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were used as carriers and folic acid (FA) was used as active targeting moiety, using polyethylene glycol-bis-amine (PEG-bis-amine) as linker. RSV-Au-PEG-FA nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy, particle size analyzer (PSA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cellular uptake study was conducted by using fluorescence microscope. Cytotoxicity study was conducted by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results: Cellular uptake study has shown that RSV-Au-PEG-FA nanoparticles are potential to be accumulated intracellularly in HeLa cells more than in Vero cells. Cytotoxicity study has shown RSV-Au-PEG-FA nanoparticles IC50 67.06±2.14 mM and RSV IC50 9.66±1.44 mM on HeLa cells
Conclusion: RSV-Au-PEG-FA nanoparticles are potential to enhance RSV uptake by HeLa cells selectively.
VALIDATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF MONTELUKAST SODIUM IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS USING N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDE AND DYES
Authors: EL-SHEIKH RAGAA , HASSAN WAFAA S. , FAHMY Rowaida , GOUDA AYMAN A. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Simple, sensitive, precise, reproducible and validated spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the quantification of montelukast sodium as leukotriene receptor antagonist drug, in pure and dosage forms (tablets).
Methods: The methods use N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as an oxidant and three dyes, amaranth, methylene blue, and indigo carmine, as auxiliary reagents. The three methods are based on oxidation reaction of montelukast sodium with a known excess of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in acid medium, followed by determination of unreacted NBS by the reaction with a fixed amount of dyes, amaranth, methylene blue, and indigo carmine followed by the measurement of the absorbance at 520, 664 and 610 nm, respectively.
Results: Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9993-0.9996) were found over the concentration ranges of 0.5-10, 1.0-12 and 0.5-8.0 µg/ml with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.14 µg/ml using amaranth, methylene blue, and indigo carmine methods, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision of the methods have been evaluated. No interference was observed from the common tablet excipients.
Conclusion: The proposed methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the analysis of montelukast sodium in dosage forms (tablets). The reliability of the methods was further ascertained by performing recovery studies using the standard addition method. Statistical comparison of the results obtained by applying the proposed methods with those of the reported method by applying student’s t-test and F-test revealed good agreement.
A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT OF TASTE MASKED EFFERVESCENT TABLETS OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE CONTAINING KYRON T134
Authors: OZA NISHANT , SAGAR SWATI , KHODAKIYA AKRUTI , SAHU ASIT 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of present work was to mask the bitter taste of sildenafil citrate by preparing drug resin complex (DRC) and develop sildenafil citrate 100 mg effervescent tablets.
Methods: Sildenafil citrate and kyron T134 complexes were prepared at different conditions and evaluated for taste and drug loading. Optimized DRC was use to formulate the dispersible tablet by direct compression technique. A 32 full factorial design was use to study the effect of effervescent agent (X1) and croscarmellose sodium (X2) on dispersion time (Y1) and wetting time (Y2). Factorial batches were also evaluated for thickness, hardness, content uniformity, friability, in vitro drug release and stability studies. Multiple linear regression analysis, ANOVA and graphical representation of the influence factor by 3D plots were performing by using sigma plot 11.0. A Check point batch was design according to the results of desirability value and evaluated for all the parameter
Results: FT-IR study confirm that sildenafil citrate and kyron T134 were compatible with each other. Among the various DRC batch B29 was found with less bitter and give a more drug loading. Checkpoint batch showed no significance difference between predicted value and actual value for dispersion time and wetting time and it was found stable during stability study.
Conclusion: Sildenafil citrate bitter tast was masked by kyron T134 and full factorial design result was indicate that independent variables have significant effect on dependent variables
COMPARISON OF PRESERVATIVES EFFICACY OF BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE, THIMEROSAL AND BENZYL ALCOHOL IN EYE DROP PRODUCTS CONTAINING CHLORAMPHENICOL
Authors: KUSUMA SRI AGUNG FITRI , ABDASSAH MARLINE , MARYATI FITASARY 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the preservative efficacy of benzalkonium chloride, thimerosal and benzyl alcohol in eye drops formulation containing chloramphenicol as the active agents for producing the sterile and effective eye drops.Methods: The efficacy of preservatives was assayed by evaluating the physical appearance, pH stability, sterility and the antibacterial effectivity of the formulated eye drops. Each of 0.5% chloramphenicol was formulated with different preservatives of benzalkonium chloride, thimerosal and benzyl alcohol at its recommended concentration, 0.01%; 0.01% and 1%, respectively. The in vitro stability was examined periodically for the eye drops formulation stored at room temperature during the 28-day period. The effectiveness of the antibacterial effect of chloramphenicol in eye drops was assayed by using the agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli and evaluated for the diameter of inhibition zones. Result: The clarity of the eye drops formula produced clear solutions. The eye drops formula exhibited relatively stabile on pH. All the formulated eye drops were sterile during the storage time. The appropriate of the sterilization method was thought to contribute to the sterility of eye drops which did not contain preservatives. In addition, it was assumed that the pre-reaction of chloramphenicol in inhibiting the contaminants in the eye drop may occur during the storage time. This hypothesis was confirmed by the inhibitory diameter stability produced by the eye drop formulas containing preservatives compared to that of not. The decrease in inhibition diameter occurred during the storage period (28 d) of each formula was as follows: F0 (51.58%), F1 (35.76%), F2 (31.86%), and F3 (35.35%). The best stability based on the antibacterial activity of the chloramphenicol eye drops was produced by F2 which used 0.01% thimerosal as its preservative. The differences in inhibition diameter were significantly influenced by the presence and the type of preservatives.
Conclusion: 0.01% thimerosal indicated the best improvement on the efficacy of 0.5% chloramphenicol eye drop.
CHALLENGES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH VACCINE ANTIGENS PRODUCTION AGAINST HELICOBACTER PYLORI
Authors: BARZIGAR RAMBOD , HARAPRASAD NANJUNDAPPA , KUMAR BASARALU YADURAPPA SATHISH , MEHRAN MOHAMMAD JAVAD 
Published: July 2020

Around half of the world’s population faces Helicobactor pylori (H. pylori) infection. Enormous progress has been made to understand the bacterial pathogenesis process and pathogen interaction with eukaryotic cells but infectious diseases are still the cause of premature death of humans around the world. H. pylori is categorized under class I carcinogen by the WHO based on clinical study results. This review paper discusses various attempts made to establish an efficient vaccine to manage H. pylori infection. Some of the problems in developing an efficient vaccine against H. pylori are recurrent or persistent infection, insufficient knowledge about the action specifically in case of probiotics, development of antibiotic resistance, and cost of therapy are noted. This research may come up with transient Nicotiana benthamiana with suitable H. pylori genes expressed as antigenic proteins, which can be used for further studies to develop a vaccine for gastric ulcer/cancer and generate good scientific data that can be helpful for scientists and researchers in this field.
This review article for monitors’ current approaches monitoring H. pylori infection since 1998 to 2019 using world-wide recognized journals and books, questioning its efficacies and whether these strategies help eradicate or there is a need to focus on several diversions. We provide scientific recommendations in eliminating H. pylori through vaccination along with addressing the preventive vaccine for this pathogen rather than using defeated treatments with plant-based nil side effects solution. The information relies on the available content in Google Scholar and PubMed using the keywords listed below.
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING JAVANESE TURMERIC RHIZOME EXTRACT: THE STRATEGY TO CHANGE PARTICLE SIZE
Authors: RAHMAT DENI , FARIDA YUNAHARA , BRYLIANTO AVILLA TAN , SUMARNY ROS , KUMALA SHIRLY 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic activity of Javanese turmeric rhizome extract and its nanoparticles. Javanese turmeric rhizome contains curcumin, flavonoid, and xanthorrhizol that show the antidiabetic activity. The plant extracts entrapped within the nanoparticles have been reported to increase the active compound bioavailability. Thereby, the nanoparticles can improve the biological activity of active compounds.
Methods: The rhizome was extracted by kinetic maceration using 96% (v/v) ethanol, whereas the nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method with different formulations to obtain two types of nanoparticles (F1 and F2). The resulting nanoparticles were evaluated for their particle size, zeta potential, and morphology. The antidiabetic study was performed in a model of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The mice were divided into five groups, namely normal, negative, positive, extract (dose of 400 mg/kg) and nanoparticles group (dose of 400 mg/kg). Afterward, the blood glucose levels were observed within 24 d using a glucometer.
Results: The nanoparticles F1 displayed particle size of 157.8±18.0 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.488 and zeta potential of+51.4±4.56 mV. Spray drying process of the suspension of nanoparticles F1 produced a fine yellow powder. In contrast, nanoparticles F2 assembled with a different solvent system gave rise to a smaller particles size (90±20.8 nm) but could not be dried. Hence, the nanoparticles F1 were further studied for the antidiabetic study. The results showed that the nanoparticles; F1 rendered a better antidiabetic activity compared to the extracts. Percentage of decrease in blood glucose levels of the extract and the nanoparticles were 39.62 and 47.52%, respectively.
Conclusion: The type of solvent system of the extract could interfere with the resulting particle size of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles could be promising carriers for the extract to improve the antidiabetic activity.
Burden of recurrent syncope and injuries and the usefulness of implantable cardiac monitors: insights from a nationwide longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Wolff Claudia , Petkar Sanjiv 
Published: July 2020

Aim:
The study assesses the burden and costs of recurring unexplained syncope and injuries and the effectiveness of implantable loop recorders.
Methods:
The English national hospital database (Hospital Episode Statistics) was retrospectively analyzed.
Results:
12,002 patients were identified with repeated syncope hospitalizations. 25% of patients were hospitalized at least once again for syncope, 9% of the patients were hospitalized at least once for an injury, causing substantial costs. In the second analysis: 10,902 patients implanted with an implantable cardiac monitor were tracked. By year 3, hospitalizations due to syncope had dropped by 60% versus pre-implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) levels.
Conclusion:
This study shows a high rate of recurrent syncope admissions and a parallel burden of hospitalizations for injuries. Use of an ICM appears to reduce syncope hospitalizations.
KARAKTERISTIK MUTU KAPSUL RAMUAN KEBUGARAN UNTUK SAINTIFIKASI JAMU
Authors: Farida Sofa , Mana Tofan Aries , Dewi Tyas Friska 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
"Ramuan kebugaran" or Physical Improvement Herb is one results of Saintifikasi Jamu research that has been proven its efficacy through clinical research. The concoction herbs consists of Javanese turmeric rhizome, turmeric rhizome, meniran herbs and it was prepared as decoction. Herbs in the capsule dosage form is considered easier to consume and more appropriate in determining the dosage. This research aimed to study the right filler for capsule dosage form of “Ekstrak Ramuan Jamu Kebugaran” (ERJK) for fulfilling the quality requirements. The ERJK extraction is obtained by infundation method, the extract filtrate was added with fillers, dried, and powdered. The filler used was avicel 102 (ERJK-1), lactose (ERJK-2) and amylum (ERJK-3). The powders were tested for flowability, tapping indexes, and microorganism contamination tests. The capsules dosage form were tested for weight uniformity and disintegration time. The results of the ERJK-1, ERJK-2 and ERJK-3 quality parameters test showed the flow times were respectively 6.3, 7.8 and 5.8 seconds; the tapping indexes were 14.3, 15.35 and 13.0%; yeast count were 1.2, 2.85 and 2.95 col/g; the total plate count were 2.0; 1.0 and 1.0 col/g; capsul weight uniformity (mg) were 677.04±5.30 (CV: 0.78%); 663.95±8.54 (CV: 1.28%) and 678.38±4.93 (CV: 0.72%); capsul disintegration time (minute) were 25.60, 27.89 and 26.47. The evaluation of quality parameters shows that avicel 102 is the better filler of ERJK compared to lactose and amylum.
ABSTRAK
Ramuan kebugaran merupakan salah satu jamu hasil riset Saintifikasi Jamu yang efektifitas khasiatnya telah terbukti melalui uji klinik. Ramuan tersebut berupa simplisia rimpang temulawak, rimpang kunyit dan herba meniran dan disiapkan melalui proses perebusan. Ramuan dalam bentuk sediaan kapsul dipandang lebih mudah dikonsumsi dan lebih tepat dalam penentuan dosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji bahan pengisi yang tepat untuk kapsul ekstrak ramuan jamu kebugaran (ERJK) yang memenuhi persyaratan kualitas. Ekstraksi ERJK dengan metode infundasi, filtrat ekstrak ditambahkan bahan pengisi, dikeringkan kemudian diserbuk. Pengisi yang digunakan adalah avicel 102 (ERJK-1), laktosa (ERJK-2) dan amilum (ERJK-3). Serbuk sampel dilakukan uji sifat alir, indeks pengetapan, serta uji cemaran mikroorganisme. Sediaan kapsul diuji keseragaman bobot dan waktu hancur. Hasil uji parameter kualitas ERJK-1, ERJK-2 dan ERJK-3 menunjukkan waktu alir berturut-turut 6,3, 7,8, dan 5,8 detik; indeks pengetapan berturut-turut 14,3, 15,4 dan 13,0%; angka Jamur berturut-turut 1,2, 2,85 dan 2,95 kol/g; angka lempeng total berturut-turut 2,0; 1,0 dan1,0 kol/g; keseragaman bobot kapsul (mg) berturut-turut 677,04±5,30 (CV: 0,78%), 663,95±8,54 (CV: 1,28%) dan 678,38±4,93 (CV: 0,72%); uji waktu hancur kapsul (menit) berturut-turut 25,60, 27,89 dan 26,47. Evaluasi parameter kualitas menunjukkan avicel 102 paling baik digunakan sebagai pengisi ERJK dibandingkan laktosa dan amilum.
THE COMBINATION INFUSION OF Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. AND Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. EFFECTS ON TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AND INTRODUCTION, CLIMBING AND COITUS FREQUENCIES IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
Authors: Rahmawati Nuning , Sholikhah Ika Yanti Marfuatush 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Talinum paniculatum (som Java) reported to have many pharmacological activities such as increasing spermatozoa quality, cell regenerations, fertility, and antibacterial effect both empirically and scientifically. This study aimed to prove the combination infusion effects of som Java, gotu kola, and temulawak on introduction, climbing, and coitus levels as well as testosterone levels in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were divided into 2 groups, control group received aquadest, treatment group received formula a mixture of som java Talinum paniculatum) root, gotu kola (Centella asiatica) herb, and Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) rhizome with the dose of 491,2 mg/200 g BW for 7 consecutive days. Artificial estrus of female SD rats were induced by administering estradiol valerat 2 mg/200 g BW 48 hours before observation. The determined parameters were levels of testosterone as well as introduction, climbing and coitus frequencies. Administration of estradiol valerat led to artificial estrus induction of female SD rats. The administration of the combination infusion dose 491.2 mg/200 g BW significantly increased testosterone level as well as introduction and climbing frequencies of male SD rats as of 27.77%; 86.39% and 69.17% respectively.
ABSTRAK
Som jawa (Talinum paniculatum) secara empiris dan ilmiah terbukti telah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah kesehatan diantaranya untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas spermatozoa, regenerasi sel, fertilitas, dan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan efek peningkatan kadar hormon testosteron serta frekuensi introduction, climbing, dan coitus tikus jantan SD dari pengaruh infusa kombinasi som jawa, pegagan, dan temulawak. Hewan uji tikus galur SD dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol diberikan akuades, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan diberikan infusa ramuan akar som jawa, herba pegagan, dan rimpang temulawak dosis 491,2 mg/200 g bb selama 7 hari berturut-turut. Induksi estrus artifisial tikus betina dengan pemberian estradiol valerat 2 mg/200 g bb dilakukan 48 jam sebelum pengamatan. Parameter yang diukur meliputi kadar testosterone, frekuensi introduction, climbing, dan coitus. Dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, pemberian infusa ramuan tidak berefek pada frekunsi coitus, namun mampu meningkatkan kadar testosteron serta frekuensi introduction dan climbing tikus jantan sebesar 27,77; 86,39 dan 69,17%.