bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Dissolution of Organic Nanocrystals at Controlled pH
Authors: Filoni Claudia , Duò Lamberto , Ciccacci Franco , Li Bassi Andrea , Bossi Alberto , Campione Marcello , Capitani Giancarlo , Denti Ilaria , Tommasini Matteo , Castiglioni Chiara , De Rosa Stefania , Tortora Luca , Bussetti Gianlorenzo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of novel protocols and techniques for waste treatment represents the state of the art in the so‐called “green conversion”. Chemical wastes deriving from industrial and power‐station processes, which involve organic crystals, can be very hazardous for the environment. Studying their dissolution mechanism, both theoretically and experimentally, represents a mandatory step in the critical task of their disposal. Surprisingly, most of the studies are focused on millimeter scale length, from which one could estimate the crystal dissolution rate. In these studies, where no information about the dissolution mechanism on a molecular scale is provided, etch‐pit formation is recognized as the ultimate mechanism of crystal dissolution.In this work, we show the morphological evolution of organic nanocrystals on the sub‐micrometer scale range in a reactive dissolution process controlled by pH. This approach allows us to explore ranges of high undersaturation, whereby crystal dissolution occurs even though etch‐pit formation is suppressed. Adopting different surface and bulk‐sensitive techniques (atomic force microscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and X‐ray/electron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, respectively), we investigate the dissolution process of porphyrin thin films deposited on the basal plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, proving that such films constitute a model system to unveil the dissolution mechanism of organic nanocrystals.
Measurement of temperature of a dusty plasma from its configuration
Authors: Mukherjee Rupak , Jaiswal Surabhi , Shukla Manish K. , Hakim Ammar , Thomas Edward 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new concept called “configurational temperature” is introduced in the context of dusty plasma, where the temperature of the dust particles submerged in the plasma can be measured directly from the positional information of the individual dust particles and the interaction potential between the dust grains. This method does not require the velocity information of individual particles, which is a key parameter to measure the dust temperature in the conventional method. The technique is initially tested using two‐dimensional (2D) OpenMP parallel molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation and then compared with the temperature evaluated from experimental data. The experiment have been carried out in the Dusty Plasma Experimental (DPEx) device, where a 2D stationary plasma crystal of melamine formaldehyde particles is formed in the cathode sheath of a DC glow discharge argon plasma. The kinetic temperature of the dust is calculated using the standard particle image velocimetry technique at different pressures. An extended simulation result for the three‐dimensional case is also presented, which can be employed for the temperature measurement of a three‐dimensional dust crystal in laboratory devices.
Classifying and characterizing Chinese young adults reporting picky eating: A latent profile analysis
Authors: He Jinbo , Zickgraf Hana F. , Essayli Jamal H. , Fan Xitao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivePicky eating (PE) is common across the lifespan and related to psychosocial impairment and limited dietary variety. However, research about PE in non‐Western countries is limited. Because eating behaviors may differ by culture, operationalizing PE in non‐Western countries (e.g., China) is needed. The present study aimed to replicate two previous studies identifying PE profiles in Western countries by using latent profile analysis (LPA) to classify and characterize adults reporting picky eating in a Chinese sample.MethodA sample of 1,068 Chinese young adults completed a battery of questionnaires including the adult eating behavior questionnaire (AEBQ). LPA was utilized to identify eating profiles. The three‐step approach was used to examine predictors of latent memberships and profile differences on various self‐reported measures.ResultsThe best fit was a four‐profile solution, with two picky eating profiles emerging: picky eating and severe picky eating. Compared to those in the other two profiles, participants in the picky eating profile (19.4%) and severe picky eating profile (3.3%) had significantly higher scores on self‐reported eating disorder symptoms and psychological distress, and lower scores on self‐reported food‐related life satisfaction. Relative to the picky eating profile, participants in the severe picky eating profile reported significantly greater self‐reported eating disorder symptoms, psychological distress, and food‐related dissatisfaction.DiscussionCharacterizing PE profiles is an important step toward understanding eating behaviors among Chinese young adults. Identifying various eating profiles has implications for future research related to PE, including the development of diagnostic tools and interventions to address PE in a Chinese context.
Highlights in heart failure
Authors: Tomasoni Daniela , Adamo Marianna , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Metra Marco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeart failure (HF) remains a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and poor quality of life. It is an area of active research. This article is aimed to give an update on recent advances in all aspects of this syndrome. Major changes occurred in drug treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Sacubitril/valsartan is indicated as a substitute to ACEi/ARBs after PARADIGM‐HF (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.87 for sacubitril/valsartan vs. enalapril for the primary endpoint and Wei, Lin and Weissfeld HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.89 for recurrent events). Its initiation was then shown as safe and potentially useful in recent studies in patients hospitalized for acute HF. More recently, dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse‐outcomes in DAPA‐HF trial showed the beneficial effects of the sodium–glucose transporter type 2 inhibitor dapaglifozin vs. placebo, added to optimal standard therapy [HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.85;0.74; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.85 for the primary endpoint]. Trials with other SGLT 2 inhibitors and in other patients, such as those with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or with recent decompensation, are ongoing. Multiple studies showed the unfavourable prognostic significance of abnormalities in serum potassium levels. Potassium lowering agents may allow initiation and titration of mineralocorticoid antagonists in a larger proportion of patients. Meta‐analyses suggest better outcomes with ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency. Drugs effective
in HFrEF may be useful also in HF with mid‐range ejection fraction. Better diagnosis and phenotype characterization seem warranted in HF with preserved ejection fraction. These and other burning aspects of HF research are summarized and reviewed in this article.
Prognostic factors for pain and functional disability in children and adolescents with persisting pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pate Joshua W. , Hancock Mark J. , Hush Julia M. , Gray Kelly , Pounder Meg , Pacey Verity 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate prognostic factors for pain and functional disability in children and/or adolescents with persisting pain.Databases and data treatmentTo be included, studies had to be published, peer‐reviewed prospective cohort studies of children and/or adolescents with persisting pain at baseline, that reported at least one baseline prognostic factor and its relationship with pain or functional disability at least 1 month after baseline. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, completed data extraction and undertook quality assessment. Meta‐analyses were performed when a prognostic factor was reported in two or more studies.ResultsOf 10,992 studies identified from electronic database searches, 18 were included, investigating 62 potential prognostic factors. In clinical settings, insufficient data were available for meta‐analysis. Some positive associations with pain and/or disability were reported by single studies for older age, baseline pain intensity and baseline functional disability across multiple combinations of follow‐up times and outcomes. In community settings, meta‐analyses of two studies found that prognostic factors for the ongoing presence of pain at medium‐term (1‐year) follow‐up were older age (OR 1.25; 95% CI = 1.05–1.47), weekly day tiredness (OR 1.69; 95% CI = 1.14–2.51), weekly abdominal pain (OR 1.44; 95% CI = 1.03–2.02) and waking during the night (OR 1.49; 95% CI = 1.05–2.13). No studies in community settings reported on prognostic factors for functional disability.ConclusionsPrognostic factors having significant associations with future pain and disability were identified; however, as few were investigated in more than one comparable study, the results need to be interpreted with caution.SignificancePrognostic factors from across the biopsychosocial spectrum are important to consider in paediatric pain clinical practice. However, most prognostic factors that experts have previously agreed upon have not been assessed in prospective cohort studies to date. The findings may help with prioritising data to collect during clinical assessments of children presenting with pain, in the context of pain and functional disability outcomes.
First evidence of macroscale single crystal ion exchange found in lead halide perovskites
Authors: Efrati Ariel , Aharon Sigalit , Wierzbowska Małgorzata , Etgar Lioz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIon exchange is classified as a reaction that may be performed among nanocrystals. Here, we discovered that methylammonium lead bromide macroscale perovskite single crystals may exchange ions with the environment while maintaining their original morphology. Iodide replaced bromide and was detected even in the very center of a previously pure macroscale MAPbBr3 single crystal. Additionally, the entrance of chloride into the crystal is energetically favorable and most bromides were exchanged, yet kinetic factors hindered Cs+ entry and Pb2+ by Sn2+ substitution. Furthermore, grinding different single crystals together revealed swift I/Br exchange. Clear differences in comparison with nanomaterials, along with density functional theory calculations, shed light on the nature of ion‐exchange reactions in perovskite single crystals. This work provides first evidence of these halide exchange reactions in macroscale perovskite single crystals. These results offer a new perspective on ion‐exchange reaction and pave a path toward synthesis of inhomogeneous single crystals.image
The predictive value of the early maladaptive schemas in social situations in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Collantoni Enrico , Bonello Elisa , Busetto Paolo , Tenconi Elena , Favaro Angela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with anorexia nervosa (AN) show an impairment in the recognition and expression of emotions, as well as an increased sensitivity to being socially excluded, and rigid maladaptive schemas. The Cyberball paradigm is a virtual ball‐toss game that can simulate social exclusion and inclusion. Our aim is to evaluate how cognitive schemas can influence the perception and the evaluation of the experiences of social inclusion/exclusion.MethodsThirty‐two AN patients and 34 healthy controls completed a psychological evaluation and were randomly assigned to exclusion or overinclusion paradigm of the Cyberball task.ResultsPatients with AN showed a significantly higher level of maladaptive schemas as well as higher sensitivity to being ostracized by peers in comparison with healthy controls. Regression analyses identified specific significant relation between being ostracized and dependence/incompetence, negativity/pessimism, and self‐sacrifice.DiscussionOur findings provide evidence that patients with AN may be ineffective in expressing their mood in exclusive and overinclusive social situations. Specific cognitive/temperamental schemas might play a role in the way people communicate their feelings, and they could be considered targets for psychotherapy interventions to improve social interpretation and emotional recognition/communication.
Relationships between riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater depth along a semiarid irrigated river valley
Authors: Lurtz Matthew R. , Morrison Ryan R. , Gates Timothy K. , Senay Gabriel B. , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Ketchum David G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) from riparian vegetation can be difficult to estimate due to relatively abundant water supply, spatial vegetation heterogeneity, and interactions with anthropogenic influences such as shallower groundwater tables, increased salinity, and nonpoint source pollution induced by irrigation. In semiarid south‐eastern Colorado, reliable ET estimates are scarce for the riparian corridor that borders the Arkansas River. This work investigates relationships between the riparian ecosystem along the Arkansas River and an underlying alluvial aquifer using ET estimates from remotely sensed data and modelled water table depths. Results from a calibrated, finite‐difference groundwater model are used to estimate weekly water table fluctuations in the riparian ecosystem from 1999 to 2009, and estimates of ET are calculated using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model with over 200 Landsat scenes covering over 30 km2 of riparian ecosystem along a 70‐km stretch of the river. Comparison of calculated monthly SSEBop ET to estimated alfalfa reference ET from local micrometeorological station data indicated statistically significant high linear correspondence (R2 = .87). Daily calculated SSEBop ET showed statistically significant moderate linear correspondence with data from a local weighing lysimeter (R2 = .59). Simulated monthly SSEBop ET values were larger in drier years compared with wetter years, and ET variability was also larger in drier years. Peak ET most commonly occurred during the month of June for all 11 years of analysis. Relationships between ET and water table depth showed that peak monthly ET was highest when groundwater depths were less than about 3 m, and ET values were significantly lower for groundwater depths greater than 3 m. Negative sample Spearman correlation highlighted riparian corridor locations where ET increased as a result of decreased groundwater depths across years with different hydroclimatic conditions. This study shows how a combination of remotely sensed riparian ET estimates and a regional groundwater model can improve our understanding of linkages between riparian consumptive use and near‐river groundwater conditions influenced by irrigation return flow and different climatic drivers.
Organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaics incorporating cyclopenteno[60]fullerene monoadducts as n‐type materials display superior power conversion efficiency than with PC61BM
Authors: Tseng Po‐Yen , Hsiao Huan‐Chang , Hsieh Cheng‐Ming , Wu An‐Ju , Chuang Shih‐Ching 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic bulk heterojunction photovoltaics, merely incorporating monoadducts of cyclopenteno[60]fullerenes (CPFs) as n‐type materials and P3HT as p‐type materials, display superior power conversion efficiency up to 4.6 ± 0.12%, superseding that with PC61BM/P3HT (3.8 ± 0.20%) for ca. 20%, under AM 1.5G irradiation―primarily attributed to the lack of homo‐conjugation on CPFs and their higher LUMO energy levels.
The state of phosphorus balance on 58 Virginia dairy farms
Authors: Pearce Austin , Maguire Rory 
Published: January 2020

AbstractManaging a sustainable dairy farm requires balancing phosphorus (P) imports and exports that enter and leave through the farm gate. Over the long term, P surpluses will elevate soil‐test P concentrations above crop requirements through routine land applications of manure. The objectives of this study were aimed at Virginia dairy farms (a) to determine P mass balances, (b) to define potential guidelines for a sustainable and feasible zone of operation based on P balance and P use efficiency, and (c) to assess risk factors driving P surplus and P use inefficiencies. Data on farm‐gate P imports and exports via feed, manure, crops, fertilizers, bedding, animals, and milk were collected for 58 dairy farms in Virginia. There was no relationship between farm P balance and milk production, indicating that a P surplus was not necessary for good milk productivity. A feasible P balance limit was calculated below which 75% of farms could operate, and this was 18.7 kg P ha−1. Two risk factors were identified for farms having a P balance above this limit: (a) land application of poultry litter and (b) excessive import of P through feed. Combined dairy and beef operations generally had more land and a lower P balance, whereas having combined dairy and poultry did not raise the P balance as long as poultry litter was exported. Dairy farms in Virginia can operate with a sustainable P balance as long as they avoid using excessive poultry litter and pay attention to P imported through purchased feed.
Characterizing the double‐sided cascade of care for adolescents living with HIV transitioning to adulthood across Southern Africa
Authors: Tsondai Priscilla R , Sohn Annette H , Phiri Sam , Sikombe Kombatende , Sawry Shobna , Chimbetete Cleophas , Fatti Geoffrey , Hobbins Michael A , Technau Karl‐Günter , Rabie Helena , Bernheimer Jonathan , Fox Matthew P , Judd Ali , Collins Intira J , Davies Mary‐Ann ,   for the International epidemiology to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa (IeDEA‐SA) Collaboration
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionAs adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYLH) age, they face a “transition cascade,” a series of steps associated with transitions in their care as they become responsible for their own healthcare. In high‐income countries, this usually includes transfer from predominantly paediatric/adolescent to adult clinics. In sub‐Saharan Africa, paediatric HIV care is mostly provided in decentralized, non‐specialist primary care clinics, where “transition” may not necessarily include transfer of care but entails becoming more autonomous for one's HIV care. Using different age thresholds as proxies for when “transition” to autonomy might occur, we evaluated pre‐ and post‐transition outcomes among AYLH.MethodsWe included AYLH aged <16 years at enrolment, receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) within International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa (IeDEA‐SA) sites (2004 to 2017) with no history of transferring care. Using the ages of 16, 18, 20 and 22 years as proxies for “transition to autonomy,” we compared the outcomes: no gap in care (≥2 clinic visits) and viral suppression (HIV‐RNA <400 copies/mL) in the 12 months before and after each age threshold. Using log‐binomial regression, we examined factors associated with no gap in care (retention) in the 12 months post‐transition.ResultsA total of 5516 AYLH from 16 sites were included at “transition” age 16 (transition‐16y), 3864 at 18 (transition‐18y), 1463 at 20 (transition‐20y) and 440 at 22 years (transition‐22y). At transition‐18y, in the 12 months pre‐ and post‐transition, 83% versus 74% of AYLH had no gap in care (difference 9.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8 to 10.9)); while 65% versus 62% were virally suppressed (difference 2.7 (−1.0 to 6.5%)). The strongest predictor of being retained post‐transition was having no gap in the preceding year, across all transition age thresholds (transition‐16y: adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.72; 95% CI (1.60 to 1.86); transition‐18y: aRR 1.76 (1.61 to 1.92); transition‐20y: aRR 1.75 (1.53 to 2.01); transition‐22y: aRR 1.47; (1.21 to 1.78)).ConclusionsAYLH with gaps in care need targeted support to prevent non‐retention as they take on greater responsibility for their healthcare. Interventions to increase virologic suppression rates are necessary for all AYLH ageing to adulthood.
CHALLENGES FOR INTERACTION DESIGN EDUCATION IN THE SOUTH: A CASE STUDY OF BOTSWANA
Authors: Lotz Nicole , Sharp Helen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a long‐term partnership between a university in the UK and one in Botswana teaching interaction design, the Botswana cohort of students consistently performed less well than their UK counterparts. To investigate this, we conducted a pair of design protocol studies: one in the UK and one in Botswana. Our findings show that designer behaviour differs in the two contexts in terms of process, use of ideation techniques and solution and problem focus, when approaching the task. More specifically, UK students follow the approach taught in the module, while this process conflicts with Botswana students' behaviours. However, we also find that Botswana students prioritise the external context of the designed product rather than its interaction characteristics, which is problematic as interaction is the key feature of interactive products. These results are significant because without leveraging indigenous knowledge to design interaction that supports local user characteristics and context, sustainable and equitable development through technological innovation will be suppressed. In this paper, we highlight challenges for interaction design education in Botswana, which include how to recognise and support a diversity of design approaches while providing suitable pedagogic scaffolding. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential of large “first generation” human‐to‐human transmission of 2019‐nCoV
Authors: Li Xingguang , Zai Junjie , Wang Xiaomei , Li Yi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo investigate the genetic diversity, time origin, and evolutionary history of the 2019‐nCoV outbreak in China and Thailand, a total of 12 genome sequences of the virus with known sampling date (24 December 2019 and 13 January 2020) and geographic location (primarily Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, but also Bangkok, Thailand) were analyzed. Phylogenetic and likelihood‐mapping analyses of these genome sequences were performed. On the basis of our results, the star‐like signal and topology of 2019‐nCoV may be indicative of potentially large “first generation” human‐to‐human virus transmission. We estimated that 2019‐nCoV likely originated in Wuhan on 9 November 2019 (95% credible interval: 25 September 2019 and 19 December 2019), and that Wuhan is the major hub for the spread of the 2019‐nCoV outbreak in China and elsewhere. Our results could be useful for designing effective prevention strategies for 2019‐nCoV in China and beyond.
Unilateral retinocytoma associated with a variant in the RB1 gene
Authors: Wu Shijing , Zou Xuan , Sun Zixi , Zhu Tian , Wei Xing , Sui Ruifang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRetinocytoma is a rare benign retinal tumor associated with variants in the RB1 gene. Ophthalmoscopic features can include a translucent retinal mass, calcification, retinal pigment epithelial alteration and chorioretinal atrophy.MethodsDetailed ophthalmological examinations were performed in a Chinese patient with retinocytoma and his daughter with bilateral retinoblastoma. Sanger sequencing was performed to detect RB1 genetic variants in the patient, his daughter and tumor tissue from his daughter.ResultsA 33‐year‐old man presented with poor vision and strabismus in the right eye since childhood. Fundus examination revealed a round yellow‐white lesion stretching from the nasal side of the optic disc to the temporal periphery of the right eye. Sequencing result identified a reported variant (c.658C>G, p.Leu220Val) in the RB1 gene (NM_000321.2) of DNA extracted from peripheral blood of the patient and his daughter. The missense variant was also found in the tumor tissue from his daughter.ConclusionsWe report detailed clinical features and genetic analysis of a case with unilateral retinocytoma. Retinocytoma has a wide range of clinical phenotypes; genetic testing is therefore a useful tool for the diagnosis of atypical cases.