bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of underwater channel communication by optimal cooperative spectrum sensing using hybrid optimization
Authors: Umamaheshwararao Sanapala , Kumar Muvvala Naga Venkata Siva Santosh , Ramarakula Madhu 
Published: April 2020

SummaryUnderwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) contain quite a lot of components such as vehicles and sensors that are deployed in a specific acoustic area to perform collaborative monitoring and data collection errands. These networks are adopted interactively between diverse nodes and ground‐based stations. Currently, UWSNs face problems and challenges that pertain to limited bandwidth, media access control, high propagation delay, 3D topology, spectrum sensing, resource utilization, routing, and power constraints. This proposal deals with the intelligent spectrum sensing in underwater cognitive sonar communication networks (CSCN). Here, the improved performance of spectrum sensing in underwater communication is attained by optimizing the cooperative spectrum sensing and data transmission. The parameters of system like subchannel allocation and transmission power is optimized by a new hybrid meta‐heuristic algorithm by integrating the concepts of deer hunting optimization algorithm (DHOA) and lion algorithm (LA) termed as lion‐enabled DHOA (L‐DHOA). The main intention of optimizing these parameters is to maximize the spectrum efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) of the underwater channel communication system. From the analysis, with respect to convergence rate, minimum detection probability, and local sensing time, it is proved that the novel hybrid optimization algorithm keeps a great role in making the trade‐off between the SE and EE in underwater channel modeling.
The importance of street trees to urban avifauna
Authors: Wood Eric M. , Esaian Sevan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStreet trees are public resources planted in a municipality’s right‐of‐way and are a considerable component of urban forests throughout the world. Street trees provide numerous benefits to people. However, many metropolitan areas have a poor understanding of the value of street trees to wildlife, which presents a gap in our knowledge of conservation in urban ecosystems. Greater Los Angeles (LA) is a global city harboring one of the most diverse and extensive urban forests on the planet. The vast majority of the urban forest is nonnative in geographic origin, planted throughout LA following the influx of irrigated water in the early 1900s. In addition to its extensive urban forest, LA is home to a high diversity of birds, which utilize the metropolis throughout the annual cycle. The cover of the urban forest, and likely street trees, varies dramatically across a socioeconomic gradient. However, it is unknown how this variability influences avian communities. To understand the importance of street trees to urban avifauna, we documented foraging behavior by birds on native and nonnative street trees across a socioeconomic gradient throughout LA. Affluent communities harbored a unique composition of street trees, including denser and larger trees than lower‐income communities, which in turn, attracted nearly five times the density of feeding birds. Foraging birds strongly preferred two native street‐tree species as feeding substrates, the coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and the California sycamore (Platanus racemosa), and a handful of nonnative tree species, including the Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia), the carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), and the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana), in greater proportion than their availability throughout the cityscape (two to three times their availability). Eighty‐three percent of street‐tree species (n = 108, total) were used in a lower proportion than their availability by feeding birds, and nearly all were nonnative in origin. Our findings highlight the positive influence of street trees on urban avifauna. In particular, our results suggest that improved street‐tree management in lower‐income communities would likely positively benefit birds. Further, our study provides support for the high value of native street‐tree species and select nonnative species as important habitat for feeding birds.
Local adaptation to UV radiation in zooplankton: a behavioral and physiological approach
Authors: Fernández Carla E. , Campero Melina , Bianco Giuseppe , Ekvall Mikael T. , Rejas Danny , Uvo Cintia B. , Hansson Lars‐Anders 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUltraviolet radiation (UVR) is recognized as a driving force for phenotypic divergence. Here, we aim at assessing the ability of zooplankton to induce UVR tolerance and disentangle the relative importance of local adaptations behind the expression of such tolerance. Two populations of Daphnia pulex, derived from environments strongly differing in UVR conditions, were exposed to UVR for 70 d to induce production of photo‐protective compounds and changes in behavioral responses. We expected greater tolerance to UVR in individuals from the high‐UVR (H‐U) environment as well as a refuge demand inversely related to the level of pigmentation. However, the complementarity between physiological and behavioral strategies was only observed on animals from the Low‐UVR environment (L‐U). L‐U animals developed photo‐protective compounds and decreased their refuge demand when re‐exposed to UVR, that is, tolerated more UVR, compared to their control siblings. Conversely, UVR‐exposed individuals from the H‐U environment even having developed higher levels of photo‐protective compounds increased their refuge demand staying deeper in the water column compared to the control animals, likely expressing an evolutionary memory to seek refuge in deeper waters irrespective of the UVR level. Stronger changes were observed in the H‐U population compared to the L‐U population; thus, our results suggest that although changes in tolerance after UVR exposure were evident for both populations, the strength of the inductions was more related to local adaptation independently of the rearing environment, showing that UVR tolerance is dependent on the evolutionary history of each population.
Aggregation‐induced emission luminogen: A new perspective in the photo‐degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Hu Zhen , Li Ying , Kang Miaomiao , Islam Md. Monarul , Chen Mengsi , Zhang Jun , Xiao Ye , Feng Xing , Redshaw Carl , Zhang Menglong , Chen Qing , Xie Sheng , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBoth the variety and uniqueness of organic semiconductors has contributed to the rapid development of environmental engineering applications and renewable fuel production, typified by the photodegradation of organic pollutants or water splitting. This paper presents a rare example of an aggregation‐induced emission luminogen as a highly efficient photocatalyst for pollutant decomposition in an environmentally relevant application. Under irradiation, the tetraphenylethene‐based AIEgen (TPE‐Ca) exhibited high photo‐degradation efficiency of up to 98.7% of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution. The possible photocatalytic mechanism was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, electrochemistry, thermal imaging technology, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐definition mass spectrometry, as well as by density functional theory calculations. Among the many diverse AIEgens, this is the first AIEgen to be developed as a photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants. This research will open up new avenues for AIEgens research, particularly for applications of environmental relevance.image
Experimental investigation of a compressed air vehicle prototype with phase change materials for heat recovery
Authors: Evrin Reza Alizade , Dincer Ibrahim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, an experimental investigation, where the prototype of a new pneumatic vehicle is developed, analyzed, built and tested, is presented. The system consists of a novel compressed air system integrated with phase change materials for heat recovery purposes. The prototype is experimentally built and tested at the Ontario Tech. University in Oshawa. Three different phase change materials of polyethyleneglycol, paraffin and alkane mix are investigated for heat recovery purposes in the prototype where the paraffin option provides the best result. Furthermore, the maximum torque is found to vary between 21 and 44 Nm with changing shaft speed from 400 to 1300 rpm while the minimum torque fluctuates between 3 and 13 Nm with changing shaft speed in the same range. The supplementary battery power is 2.18 kW, and the turbine work output is found to be 1.25 kW with the recovered air which is provides 36% of the heat required to heat up the PCM heat exchanger. The total motor work consumed during operation is 18.36 kW, which can be defined as the acceptable capacity for the powertrain of a small‐size city vehicle. The energetic efficiency for the compressed air vehicle is 59.5% while the exergetic efficiency becomes 51.0%, respectively.
A revisit to the hedge and safe haven properties of gold: New evidence from China
Authors: Ming Lei , Zhang Xinran , Liu Qianqiu , Yang Shenggang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe examine the role of gold as a hedge and safe haven from the perspective of Chinese investors. Using the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE)‐Gold futures prices and the CSI 300 index from 2008 to 2017, we find that gold is not a hedge against the Chinese stock market on average. However, gold acts as a safe haven when market returns are below their 1%, 5%, and 10% quantiles and during the two crash periods. Our findings apply to most of the industry sectors as well. We also show that the role of gold can change drastically due to some market policy reforms.
Oral health status, behaviours, food and beverage consumption of aboriginal children in Australia
Authors: George Ajesh , Villarosa Amy R. , Ingram Suzanne , Fatema Kaniz , Elliott Koby , Grace Rebekah , Kemp Lynn , Scharkie Sheryl , Anderson Cheryl , Bucknall Natasha , Wright Darryl C. , Comino Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIssue addressedDental decay is prevalent among Australian Aboriginal children, yet little is known about their oral health‐related behaviours. This study explored the oral health status, behaviours, food and beverage consumption of Aboriginal school children aged 7‐9 years in Sydney, Australia.MethodsParents who were part of an existing longitudinal birth cohort (“Gudaga”) were surveyed when their child was between 7 and 9 years. Children (n = 110) also received oral health screening by a trained nurse.ResultsA number of children (62%–91%) had at least one visible oral health problem across the 2 years. Around two thirds (62%–67%) of parents rated their child's oral health as excellent/very good and less than half the children (32%–45%) had received dental check‐ups. Most children (79%–90%) brushed their teeth and drank water (97%) but more than half (57%–70%) also drank sugar sweetened beverages daily.ConclusionsParents are instilling good oral health behaviours, however, the oral health screening suggests children are experiencing oral health issues of which parents may be unaware. Parents also seem to be unaware of beverage consumption practices that can increase the risk of childhood decay.So what?The findings highlight the need for greater oral health awareness among Aboriginal families on how to recognise early symptoms dental decay and risk factors like sugar sweetened beverages among school going children. This suggests that existing health promotion strategies may not be reaching many Aboriginal families in the urban areas and more culturally appropriate programs may be needed.
Integrated effects of fractional laser microablation and sonophoresis on skin immersion optical clearing in vivo
Authors: Genina Elina A. , Bashkatov Alexey N. , Terentyuk Georgy S. , Tuchin Valery V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study is aimed to find an approach for effective skin optical clearing in vivo using polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG‐300) as an optical clearing agent in combination with physical enhancers: fractional laser microablation (FLMA) and/or low‐frequency sonophoresis. In this study albino outbred rats were used. Light attenuation coefficient and optical clearing potential (OCP) of these approaches were evaluated in upper (from ~70 to ~200 μm) and middle (from ~200 to ~400 μm) dermis separately using optical coherence tomography. In 30 minutes, OCP of sonophoresis in combination with FLMA and PEG‐300 in the upper dermis was the maximal (2.3 ± 0.4) in comparison with other treatments in this time point. The most effective approach for optical clearing of middle dermis was PEG‐300 and sonophoresis; but the maximal value of OCP (1.6 ± 0.1) was achieved only in 90 minutes.
Inside Cover: Comparison between high definition FT‐IR, Raman and AFM‐IR for subcellular chemical imaging of cholesteryl esters in prostate cancer cells (J. Biophotonics 5/2020)
Authors: Roman Maciej , Wrobel Tomasz P. , Paluszkiewicz Czeslawa , Kwiatek Wojciech M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe family of vibrational spectroscopic imaging techniques grows every few years and there is a need to compare and contrast new modalities with the better understood ones. Three vibrational spectroscopy techniques (High Definition FT‐IR, Raman and AFM‐IR) were applied for subcellular chemical imaging of cholesteryl esters in PC‐3 prostate cancer cells. The techniques were compared and contrasted in terms of image quality, spectral pattern, and chemical information.Further details can be found in the article by Maciej Roman, Tomasz P. Wrobel, Czeslawa Paluszkiewicz, and Wojciech M. Kwiatek (e201960094).
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Long non‐coding RNA PVT1, a novel biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression surveillance and acute exacerbation prediction potentially through interaction with microRNA‐146a
Authors: Wang Yujun , Lyu Xiaoyu , Wu Xiaoling , Yu Li , Hu Ke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the abilities of long non‐coding RNA PVT1 (lnc‐PVT1) and microRNA‐146a (miR‐146a) in predicting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) susceptibility and acute exacerbation risk, moreover, to explore the association of lnc‐PVT1 with disease severity, inflammation, and miR‐146a in patients with COPD.MethodsA total of 80 acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients, 80 stable COPD patients, and 80 healthy controls (HCs) were consecutively recruited. Peripheral blood samples of all participants were collected to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and serum: PBMCs were used to detect lnc‐PVT1 and miR‐146a by RT‐qPCR; serum was used to detect inflammatory cytokines by ELISA. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage of COPD was assessed.ResultsLnc‐PVT1 expression was highest in AECOPD patients, followed by stable COPD patients and HCs. Receiver operating characteristic curves disclosed that lnc‐PVT1 distinguished AECOPD patients and stable COPD patients from HCs, also distinguished AECOPD patients from stable COPD patients. In AECOPD patients and stable COPD patients, lnc‐PVT1 expression positively correlated with GOLD stage and levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐17. Moreover, lnc‐PVT1 was negatively correlated with miR‐146a. For miR‐146a, its expression was lowest in AECOPD patients, followed by stable COPD patients and HCs, and it predicted reduced COPD susceptibility and decreased acute exacerbation risk; meanwhile, it negatively correlated with GOLD stage and inflammatory cytokine levels in AECOPD patients and stable COPD patients.ConclusionLnc‐PVT1 assists the disease management and acute exacerbation risk monitoring of COPD via interaction with miR‐146a.
A meta‐analysis of toxicities related to hydroxycarbamide dosing strategies
Authors: Mathias Joacy G. , Nolan Vikki G. , Meadows‐Taylor Meghan , Robinson L. Ashley , Howell Kristen E. , Gurney James G. , Hankins Jane S. , Wang Winfred C. , Estepp Jeremie H. , Smeltzer Matthew P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to fear of short‐term toxicities, there is nonconsensus of hydroxycarbamide dosing strategy (escalated vs fixed‐dosing methods), which contributes to its suboptimal use. We performed a meta‐analysis to summarize the incidence rates of toxicities associated with both dosing methods. Summarized incidence rates could not be statistically compared between dosing methods due to sparse data. Summarized neutropenia and thrombocytopenia incidence rates were slightly higher when using escalated dosing than with fixed. Summarized reticulocytopenia was comparable. Summarized hepatic and renal toxicities’ incidence rates were slightly higher when using fixed doses than with escalated. We recommend diligent and transparent reporting of toxicities.
Synthesis of hybrid perillyl‐4H‐pyrans. Cytotoxicity evaluation against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2/C3A cell line
Authors: Paczkowski Ingrid M. , Guedes Esthéfani P. , Mass Eduardo B. , de Meneses Eliana W. , Marques Lilian A. , Mantovani Mário S. , Russowsky Dennis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA series of 15 new hybrid perillyl‐4H‐pyrans compounds was straightforwardly synthesized by a strategy combining the multicomponent reaction and the copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). The 2‐amino‐4H‐pyrans‐3‐carbonitrile containing the alkyne moiety was prepared via multicomponent reaction between 1,3‐dicarbonyl, a propargyloxy aromatic aldehyde and malononitrile or ethyl α‐cyanoacetate. The alkyne derivative was sequentially reacted with the perillyl azide component through the copper‐catalyzed [3+2] Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. The antiproliferative activity of hybrid compounds were evaluated against the human hepatoma HepG2/C3A cell line.
Full‐length genomic sequencing and characterization of Borna disease virus 1 isolates: Lessons in epidemiology
Authors: Guo Yujie , He Peng , Sun Lin , Zhang Xiong , Xu Xiaoyan , Tang Tian , Zhou Wei , Li Qi , Zou Dezhi , Bode Liv , Xie Peng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBorna disease virus 1 (BoDV‐1) is a nonsegmented, negative‐strand RNA virus that infects mammals including humans. BoDV‐1 strains occur globally, dominate the species Mammalian 1 bornavirus, and display highly conserved genomes and persistent infection (brain, blood). Subclinical infections prevail but the rare fatal outcomes even in people need awareness and risk assessment. Although BoDV‐1 strains were successfully isolated, only limited full genomic sequences are available. In this study, the entire genomes of two natural BoDV‐1 isolates (Hu‐H2, Equ‐Cres) and one vaccine strain (DessVac) were sequenced. They were compared with 20 genomes and 20 single‐gene sequences (N and P) of worldwide human strains from psychiatric and neurologic patients and animal strains from horses with Borna disease available at GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed a low divergence not exceeding 5.55%, 5.34%, and 4.94% at the genome, P‐gene, and N‐gene level, respectively, characteristic of BoDV‐1. Human viruses tended to cluster at the country level but appeared to be independent of hosts’ diseases and/or time of isolation. Notably, our data also indicated that human viruses provided individual genetic signatures but exhibited no distinct genotypes that separated them from animal strains. Sequence similarities thus occurred between different host species and distant geographic regions, supporting global BoDV‐1 prevalence. Overall low genetic divergence among BoDV‐1 viruses shown here also argued against zoonotic concepts, requiring further clarification beyond sequence similarities. Finally, unlike shared sequence conservation, phenotyping of natural and laboratory variants revealed that they manipulated host cells differently, underpinning the authenticity of the human BoDV‐1 strains.
Bioprospecting and characterization of pigmented halophilic archaeal strains from Algerian hypersaline environments with analysis of carotenoids produced by Halorubrum sp. BS2
Authors: Sahli Kaouther , Gomri Mohamed A. , Esclapez Julia , Gómez‐Villegas Patricia , Ghennai Oulaya , Bonete María‐José , León Rosa , Kharroub Karima 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA set of 110 extremely halophilic archaeal strains were isolated from seven distinct saline habitats located in different regions of Algeria. The physicochemical characterization of the samples showed that these habitats were thalassohaline. The carotenoid production from isolated strains varied from 0.1 to 3.68 µg/ml. Based on their physiological characteristics and pigment production, 43 strains were selected and identified by means of phenotypic tests and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates corresponded to the class Halobacteria and were closely related to genera Halorubrum, Haloarcula, Haloferax, Natrinema, Halogeometricum, Haloterrigena, and Halopiger. Carotenoids of the highest producer, strain Halorubrum sp. BS2 were identified using high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Bacterioruberin and bisanhydrobacterioruberin were the predominant carotenoids. The scavenging activity of these carotenoids reached 99% at a concentration of 18 μg/ml, which was much higher than that of ascorbic acid used as a reference compound. These carotenoids also exhibited significant antibacterial activities against four human‐pathogenic strains and four fish‐pathogenic strains. Variations in salinity, agitation rate, temperature, and light intensity were found to influence growth and carotenoid production of Halorubrum sp. BS2. Our results suggest that halophilic archaea represent a potential source for carotenoids, which are characterized by high antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
An ERA‐Interim HAILCAST hail climatology for southern Africa
Authors: Dyson Liesl L. , Pienaar Nita , Smit Ansie , Kijko Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the character of hail is an important part of mitigating its impact on life and property. Climatologies of hail over South Africa are rare and based on observed data with a coarse spatial and temporal resolution. In this article, a hail climatology is created for southern Africa from reanalysis data. Pseudo‐soundings are produced from ERA‐Interim data and the HAILCAST model, which predicts the diameter of hail, is run using these soundings from 1979 to 2017 at six‐hourly intervals. The hail day frequency of the ERA‐Interim HAILCAST (EIH) climatology compares well to historical climatologies, although the horizontal resolution of ERA‐Interim makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact location of hail in areas of steep topography. Furthermore, the EIH climatology tends to over‐predict hail with diameters greater than 3 cm. Detail that was previously unavailable, such as the seasonal and temporal distribution of hail over the entire South Africa, is now available from the EIH climatology. The frequency of hail over the winter rainfall area and over countries bordering South Africa is estimated for the first time. It is recommended that the procedure is repeated with numerical weather prediction models with a higher resolution to determine whether the increased resolution will more accurately identify areas of hail.