bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and genetic analysis of EMS-mutagenized wheat mutants conferring lesion-mimic premature aging
Authors: Kong Weiwei , Wang Liming , Cao Pei , Li Xingfeng , Ji Jingjing , Dong Puhui , Yan Xuefang , Wang Chunping , Wang Honggang , Sun Jiaqiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLesion-mimic and premature aging (lmpa) mutantlmpa1was identified from the ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutant library in the bread wheat variety Keda 527 (KD527) background. To reveal the genetic basis oflmpa1mutant, phenotypic observations and analyses of chlorophyll content and photosynthesis were carried out inlmpa1, KD527 and their F1and F2derivatives. Further, bulked segregation analysis (BSA) in combination with a 660 K SNP array were conducted on the F2segregation population oflmpa1/Chinese spring (CS) to locate thelmpa1gene.ResultsMost agronomic traits oflmpa1were similar to those of KD527 before lesion-like spots appeared. Genetic analysis indicated that the F1plants from the crossing oflmpa1and KD527 exhibited thelmpaphenotype and the F2progenies showed a segregation of normal (wild type, WT) andlmpa, with the ratios oflmpa: WT = 124:36(χ2 = 1.008 < =3.841), indicating thatlmpais a dominant mutation. The combination of BSA and the SNP array analysis of CS,lmpa1andlmpa1/CS F2WT pool (50 plants) andlmpapool (50 plants) showed that polymorphic SNPs were enriched on chromosome 5A, within a region of 30–40 Mb, indicating that the wheat premature aging geneLmpa1was probably located on the short arm of chromosome 5A.ConclusionsEMS-mutagenized mutantlmpa1 deriving from elite wheat line KD527 conferredlmpa.Lmpaphenotype oflmpa1 mutant is controlled by a single dominant allele designated asLmpa1, which affected wheat growth and development and reduced the thousand grain weight (tgw) of single plant in wheat. The geneLmpa1was tentatively located within the region of 30–40 Mb near to the short arm of chromosome 5A.
Chronological set of E. coli O157:H7 bovine strains establishes a role for repeat sequences and mobile genetic elements in genome diversification
Authors: Stanton Eliot , Wahlig Taylor A. , Park Dongjin , Kaspar Charles W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is a significant foodborne pathogen that resides asymptomatically within cattle and other ruminants. The EHEC genome harbors an extensive collection of mobile genetic elements (MGE), including multiple prophage, prophage-like elements, plasmids, and insertion sequence (IS) elements.

Results
A chronological collection of EHEC strains (FRIK804, FRIK1275, and FRIK1625) isolated from a Wisconsin dairy farm (farm X) comprised a closely related clade genetically differentiated by structural alterations to the chromosome. Comparison of the FRIK804 genome with a reference EHEC strain Sakai found a unique prophage like element (PLE, indel 1) and an inversion (1.15 Mb) situated symmetrically with respect to the terminus region. Detailed analysis determined the inversion was due to homologous recombination between repeat sequences in prophage. The three farm X strains were distinguished by the presence or absence of indel 3 (61 kbp) and indel 4 (48 kbp); FRIK804 contained both of these regions, FRIK1275 lacked indel 4, and indels 3 and 4 were both absent in FRIK1625. Indel 3 was the stx2 prophage and indel 4 involved a deletion between two adjacent prophage with shared repeat sequences. Both FRIK804 and FRIK1275 produced functional phage while FRIK1625 did not, which is consistent with indel 3. Due to their involvement in recombination events, direct and inverted repeat sequences were identified, and their locations mapped to the chromosome. FRIK804 had a greater number and overall length of repeat sequences than E. coli K12 strain MG1655. Repeat sequences were most commonly associated with MGE.

Conclusions
This research demonstrated that three EHEC strains from a Wisconsin dairy farm were closely related and distinguished by variability within prophage regions and other MGE. Chromosome alterations were associated with recombination events between repeat sequences. An inventory of direct and inverted repeat sequences found a greater abundance and total length of repeat sequences in the EHEC strains compared to E. coli strain MG1655. The locations of the repeat sequences were biased towards MGE. The findings from this study expand our understanding of the precise molecular events and elements that contributed to genetic diversification of wild-type EHEC in the bovine and farm environments.
Application of the thermal time model for different Typha domingensis populations
Authors: Carhuancho León Fanny Mabel , Aguado Cortijo Pedro Luis , Morató Izquierdo María del Carmen , Castellanos Moncho María Teresa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCattail (Typha domingensisPers.) is a perennial emergent plant which is used in Green Floating Filters (GFFs), one of the most innovative systems of wastewater treatment to bioremediate eutrophic waters and produce biomass as biofuel feedstocks. The establishment of cattails in GFFs depends on the seed germination and plant responses under conditions of a new habitat. This study analysed the germination responses of four different populations of cattails through a thermal time model to know their basic parameters of germination and which population would be more adapted to the conditions tested.ResultsSeeds from the Badajoz (Ba), Cuenca (Cu), Madrid (Ma), Seville (Se) and Toledo (To) populations were exposed to different thermal regimes (constant, and alternating temperatures between 15 and 30 °C) and different darkness treatments (between 0 and 20 days with 24 h dark photoperiod, then exposed to light with 12 h light/dark photoperiod) to determine the parameters of the thermal model from germination levels in each treatment.Topopulation was used to validate the thermal time parameters of other populations. Regardless of the other parameters, no germination occurred in total darkness. The mean value of base temperature (Tb) was 16.4 ± 0.2 °C in all treatments. Optimum temperature (To) values inMaandBawere 25 °C, and those inCuandSewere 22.5 °C. The germination response decreased when the temperature approached Tband increased when it was close to To. In comparison to alternating temperatures, constant temperatures had the highest germination response and lowest thermal time (θT(50)). Darkness treatments had a direct relationship with θT(50). The population origin also affected seed germination;Cuhad the highest values of Toand germination response but had a lower θT(50), which coincides with the lowest mean ambient temperatures.ConclusionAccording to these results, the germination response of cattails was high in all populations under optimal conditions but was affected to a greater or lesser extent depending on thermal regimes, darkness treatments, and populations. The thermal time model allowed us to determine that Towas between 22.5–25 °C and thatCuis the best population regarding the germination response under the conditions tested.
Flexible fibreoptic intubation in swine – improvement for resident training and animal safety alike
Authors: Ruemmler Robert , Ziebart Alexander , Ott Thomas , Dirvonskis Dagmar , Hartmann Erik Kristoffer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEfficient airway management to facilitate tracheal intubation encompasses essential skills in anaesthesiologic and intensive care. The application of flexible fibreoptic intubation in patients with difficult airways has been identified as the recommended method in various international guidelines. However, providing the opportunity to adequately train residents can be challenging. Using large animals for practice during ongoing studies could help to improve this situation, but there is no recent data on fibreoptic intubation in swine available.MethodsThirty male German landrace pigs were anesthetized, instrumented and randomized into two groups. The animals were either intubated conventionally using direct laryngoscopy or a single-use flexible video-endoscope. The intervention was carried out by providers with 3 months experience in conventional intubation of pigs and a brief introduction into endoscopy. Intubation attempts were supervised and aborted, when SpO2 dropped below 93%. After three failed attempts, an experienced supervisor intervened and performed the intubation. Intubation times and attempts were recorded and analysed.ResultsFlexible fibreoptic intubation showed a significantly higher success rate in first attempt endotracheal tube placement (75% vs. 47%) with less attempts overall (1.3 ± 0.6 vs. 2.1 ± 1.3,P = 0.043). Conventional intubation was faster (42 s ± 6 s vs. 67 s ± 10s,P < 0.001), but showed a higher complication rate and more desaturation episodes during the trial.ConclusionsFlexible fibreoptic intubation in swine is feasible and appears to be a safer and more accessible method for inexperienced users to learn. This could not only improve resident training options in hospitals with animal research facilities but might also prevent airway complications and needless animal suffering.
Congenital subclavian-superior vena cava arteriovenous fistula with initial stenosis in an adult: a case report
Authors: Li Geng , Hu Xingjian , Wang Yin , Chen Si 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
A subclavian-superior vena cava arteriovenous fistula is usually acquired and secondary to trauma or operations, while congenital causes are very rare. A congenital arteriovenous fistula leads to congestive heart failure soon after birth and is typically diagnosed in early infancy.

Case presentation
We present an unusual case of a 21-year-old female suffering from new-onset heart failure at 20 years old who was diagnosed with a congenital arteriovenous fistula from the right subclavian artery to the superior vena cava (RSA-to-SVC) with stenosis at the proximal initial site of the fistula. The patient successfully underwent transcatheter occlusion for the fistula and had a significant improvement in symptoms at the 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions
An RSA-to-SVC fistula is a very rare congenital disorder that can lead to shunt-related heart failure. If there is an indication for closure, as with the patient presented, percutaneous device closure can be considered a reasonable option.
Two-stage Bayesian hierarchical modeling for blinded and unblinded safety monitoring in randomized clinical trials
Authors: Liu Junhao , Wick Jo , Martin Renee’ H. , Meinzer Caitlyn , Roy Dooti , Gajewski Byron 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Monitoring and reporting of drug safety during a clinical trial is essential to its success. More recent attention to drug safety has encouraged statistical methods development for monitoring and detecting potential safety signals. This paper investigates the potential impact of the process of the blinded investigator identifying a potential safety signal, which should be further investigated by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board with an unblinded safety data analysis.

Methods
In this paper, two-stage Bayesian hierarchical models are proposed for safety signal detection following a pre-specified set of interim analyses that are applied to efficacy. At stage 1, a hierarchical blinded model uses blinded safety data to detect a potential safety signal and at stage 2, a hierarchical logistic model is applied to confirm the signal with unblinded safety data.

Results
Any interim safety monitoring analysis is usually scheduled via negotiation between the trial sponsor and the Data and Safety Monitoring Board. The proposed safety monitoring process starts once 53 subjects have been enrolled into an eight-arm phase II clinical trial for the first interim analysis. Operating characteristics describing the performance of this proposed workflow are investigated using simulations based on the different scenarios.

Conclusions
The two-stage Bayesian safety procedure in this paper provides a statistical view to monitor safety during the clinical trials. The proposed two-stage monitoring model has an excellent accuracy of detecting and flagging a potential safety signal at stage 1, and with the most important feature that further action at stage 2 could confirm the safety issue.
A novel segmental absence of intestinal musculature with small intestinal stenosis: a case report
Authors: Kashiwagi Kosuke , Jimbo Keisuke , Hosoi Kenji , Miyano Go , Kudo Takahiro , Yamataka Atsuyuki , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Segmental absence of intestinal musculature (SAIM) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and perforation due to partial or complete defects in the intestinal muscularis propria in neonates and is occasionally observed in adulthood.

Case presentation
The first case of small intestinal stenosis derived from SAIM, which was difficult to differentiate from Crohn’s disease (CD), is reported. A 4-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain, anemia, and a positive fecal occult blood test. She was initially diagnosed with CD and started on treatment. Because her gastrointestinal symptoms persisted, her previous pediatricians tried to carry out capsule endoscopy, but it was not possible because the patency capsule was retained. Therefore, she was referred to our institute and re-evaluated. The patency capsule examination was repeated to re-evaluate small intestinal passage, but it stagnated again. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a poorly deformable intestinal tract that narrowed rapidly from the dilated segment and had a thin wall with an irregular laminar structure. In addition, unlike the typical ultrasonic CD findings, the power Doppler signal enhancement at the intestinal wall and “creeping fat sign” were not found. The patient was referred for laparoscopic observation to pediatric surgeons, who confirmed a prominently dilated intestinal tract 40 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, which was resected. Histopathological findings showed longitudinal muscle hypoplasia of the resected, dilated intestinal tract and fat replacement of the muscle layer. At the stenosis site, the muscle layer was fibrotic and showed incomplete muscle arrangement. Because of these findings, she was diagnosed with SAIM. After the surgical treatment, no gastrointestinal symptoms relapsed, and the fecal occult blood test has remained negative for 2 years. Moreover, 8 months after surgery, double-balloon endoscopy showed no abnormalities, such as a longitudinal ulcer and cobblestone appearance.

Conclusions
In the present case, SAIM involved not only intestinal ileus and perforation, but also small intestinal stenosis. Although no other reports have demonstrated the usefulness of abdominal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of SAIM, the present report suggests that ultrasonography may be useful for differentiating SAIM from CD by close observation of the area around the small intestinal stenosis.
Very low risk of lymph node metastasis in Epstein-Barr virus-associated early gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma
Authors: Cheng Yuqing , Zhou Xiaoli , Xu Kequn , Huang Jin , Huang Qin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Epstein-Barr virus-associated early gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (EBV-GCLS) is a rare variant of early gastric carcinomas. Clinicopathological features of this variant remain obscure, especially in Chinese patients. Therefore, we collected EBV-GCLS cases and studied clinicopathology and prognosis.

Methods
By a retrospective review of 595 consecutive radical gastrectomies for early gastric carcinoma from 2006 to 2018, we identified 8 (1.3%, 8/595) EBV-GCLS cases. Clinicopathologic characteristics were compared between EBV-GCLSs and 109 conventional early gastric carcinomas, which were divided into intramucosal, SM1, and SM2 subgroups. The latter 2 subgroups were classified according to the submucosal invasion depth below or over 500 μm.

Results
All 8 EBV-GCLSs occurred in male patients and invaded deep submucosa (SM2) without lymph node metastasis (LNM), four (50%) of which had synchronous non-gastric malignant tumors (3 gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 1 primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma), and four (50%) arose in the proximal stomach. Compared to conventional early gastric carcinomas, EBV-GCLS was significantly more frequent with SM2 invasion, poor differentiation, and synchronous non-gastric carcinoma tumor, but not with age, gender, macroscopic type, location, size, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and pathologic stage. In invasion-depth stratified comparisons in the SM2 subgroup, the frequency of LNM in EBV-GCLS was significantly lower than that in conventional early gastric carcinomas (p < 0.05) and the 5-year survival rate of patients with EBV-GCLS was better than that with conventional early gastric carcinomas in 3 subgroups (100% vs 91.5, 85.7, 83.9%, respectively), although the differences did not reach a statistically significant level due to the small sample size. Significant differences among 4 subgroups were found in tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, LNM, pathological stage, and synchronous tumor, but not in age, gender, macroscopic type, tumor size, location, perineural invasion.

Conclusions
Even with poor differentiation and SM2 invasion, EBV-GCLS showed very low risk of LNM and may be a candidate for endoscopic therapy such as endoscopic submucosal dissection.
Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018
Authors: Hazrati Maryam , Mashayekh Maryam , Sharifi Nasrin , Motalebi Seyedeh Ameneh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Elder abuse is an important public health problem. The present study was aimed to determine the rate of domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic characteristics among elderly people referred to Primary Health Care (PHC) centers in Shiraz, Iran, 2018.

Methods
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 older people aged 60 years old and above who referred to 22 PHC centers of Shiraz. The data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire, Katz index, the domestic elder abuse questionnaire, and elder neglect checklist through face-to-face interview and observation methods. Backward linear regression model was used for analyzing the data.

Results
The results indicated that 52.5% of the participants were female and 51.8% aged 60–69 years old. A total of 159 cases (39.8%) reflected at least one form of elder abuse or neglect. The results indicated that 21% of the participants (n = 84) were abused by their own children. Care neglect was the most reported form (42.8%), followed by psychological abuse (41.3%), emotional neglect (38.8%), and financial abuse (34.3%). The most common types of neglect were motion limitations (25%) followed by the dental problems (23.8%). The results also showed a significant relationship between domestic elder abuse and level of income (p = 0.017), having a house (p = 0.028), type of perpetrator (< 0.001), and insurance status (p = 0.027).

Conclusions
The results revealed a considerable rate of domestic abuse against elderly people, causing a serious risk for their health and security.
Assessing the effectiveness of statin therapy for alleviating cerebral small vessel disease progression in people ≥75 years of age
Authors: Guo Yuqi , Li Yunpeng , Liu Xukui , Cui Yi , Zhao Yingxin , Sun Shangwen , Jia Qing , Chai Qiang , Gong Gary , Zhang Hua , Liu Zhendong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Statins have been recommended by several guidelines as the primary prevention medication for cardiovascular diseases. However, the benefits of statin therapy for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), particularly in adults ≥75 years of age, have not been fully evaluated.

Methods
We analyzed the data from a prospective population-based cohort study and a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine whether statin therapy might aid in slowing the progression of CSVD in adults ≥75 years of age. For the cohort study, 827 participants were considered eligible and were included in the baseline analysis. Subsequently, 781 participants were included in follow-up analysis. For the clinical trial, 227 participants were considered eligible and were used in the baseline and follow-up analyses.

Results
The white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume, the WMH-to-intracranial volume (ICV) ratio, the prevalence of a Fazekas scale score ≥ 2, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), and microbleeds were significantly lower in the statin group than the non-statin group at baseline in the cohort study (all P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, in both the cohort and clinical trial studies, the WMH volume and WMH-to-ICV ratio were significantly lower in the statin/rosuvastatin group than the non-statin/placebo group (all P < 0.001). Statin therapy was associated with lower risk of WMH, lacunes, and EPVS progression than the non-statin therapy group after adjustment for confounders (all P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of microbleeds between the statin and non-statin therapy groups (all, P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that statin therapy alleviated the progression of WMH, lacunes, and EPVS without elevating the risk of microbleeds. On the basis of the observed results, we concluded that statin therapy is an efficient and safe intervention for CSVD in adults ≥75 years of age.

Trial registration
Chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR-IOR-17013557, date of trial retrospective registration November 27, 2017 and ChiCTR-EOC-017013598, date of trial retrospective registration November 29, 2017.
Physical frailty and its associated factors among elderly nursing home residents in China
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Puts Martine , Jiang Fen , Zhou Chuyi , Tang Siyuan , Chen Sanmei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence is scarce on the trend in prevalence of physical frailty in China; the primary purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and correlates of physical frailty among older nursing home residents in China.

Methods
Cross-sectional study in 20 nursing homes in Changsha, China. Physical frailty was defined based on the frailty phenotype including weight loss, low grip strength, exhaustion, slow gait speed, and low physical activity. Participants with at least three affected criteria were defined as being frail. Participants with one or two affected criteria were considered as pre-frail, and those with no affected criteria were considered as robust. A total of 1004 nursing home residents aged 60 and over were included in this study. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations of physical frailty with its potential risk factors, including age, sex, education levels, marital status, type of institution, living status, current drinking, current smoking, regular exercise, and self-reported health.

Results
The overall prevalence of physical frailty and prefrailty was 55.6, and 38.5%, respectively. The rate of physical frailty substantially increased with age, and was higher in women than in men (69.5% vs. 30.5%). The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that older age, being women, living in a private institution, living alone or with unknown person, having no regular exercise (≤ 2 times/week), and poor self-reported health were significantly associated with increased odds of being physically frail.

Conclusion
We demonstrated physical frailty is highly prevalent among older residents in nursing homes in China, especially in women. The potential role of those associated factors of physical frailty warrant further investigations to explore their clinical application among elderly nursing home residents.