bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific mechanisms of cerebral microvascular BKCa dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Silva Josiane F. , Polk Felipe D. , Martin Paige E. , Thai Stephenie H. , Savu Andrea , Gonzales Matthew , Kath Allison M. , Gee Michael T. , Pires Paulo W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCerebrovascular dysfunction occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), impairing hemodynamic regulation. Large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (BKCa) regulate cerebrovascular reactivity and are impaired in AD. BKCa activity depends on intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ sparks) and nitro‐oxidative post‐translational modifications. However, whether these mechanisms underlie BKCa impairment in AD remains unknown.METHODSCerebral arteries from 5x‐FAD and wild‐type (WT) littermates were used for molecular biology, electrophysiology, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments.RESULTSArterial BKCa activity is reduced in 5x‐FAD via sex‐dependent mechanisms: in males, there is lower BKα subunit expression and less Ca2+ sparks. In females, we observed reversible nitro‐oxidative modification of BKCa. Further, BKCa is involved in hemodynamic regulation in WT mice, and its dysfunction is associated with vascular deficits in 5x‐FAD.DISCUSSIONOur data highlight the central role played by BKCa in cerebral hemodynamic regulation and that molecular mechanisms of its impairment diverge based on sex in 5x‐FAD.Highlights
Cerebral microvascular BKCa dysfunction occurs in both female and male 5x‐FAD.
Reduction in BKα subunit protein and Ca2+ sparks drive the dysfunction in males.
Nitro‐oxidative stress is present in females, but not males, 5x‐FAD.
Reversible nitro‐oxidation of BKα underlies BKCa dysfunction in female 5x‐FAD.
Assisted Juvenile Recruitment Faces Barriers as a Mussel Restoration Technique
Authors: Toone Trevyn A. , Benjamin Emilee D. , Hillman Jenny R. , Jeffs Andrew 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCoastal mussel populations have declined worldwide, largely due to overharvesting, water pollution, climate change, invasive species and other anthropogenic stressors. Mussel restoration projects have emerged to combat these declines, with restoration methods primarily prioritizing mussel transplantations from healthy populations into degraded areas. While this technique can be effective, it is also costly and often infeasible to upscale. One alternative restoration technique is assisted juvenile recruitment through plantigrade or spat provision, which has facilitated the creation of mussel reefs on small scales. This study assessed the effectiveness of upscaled assisted recruitment of juvenile mussels, specifically using plantigrades attached to macroalgae experimentally placed into restored mussel reefs and adjacent bare cobble habitat. Ultimately, low natural settlement of plantigrades to macroalgae (eight plantigrades per gram macroalgae) and high post‐settlement losses of plantigrades (> 99%) resulted in assisted recruitment being unsuccessful as very few juvenile mussels small enough to have originated from the plantigrade provision (0.6 juveniles/m2) were found in either habitat. These results demonstrate two key barriers limiting the success of assisted recruitment as a restoration technique: highly variable natural settlement processes to macroalgae and low successful progression from post‐settlement plantigrades to established juveniles due to mortality or emigration. Addressing these limitations will require assessing more reliable sources of plantigrades, such as hatcheries, and identifying the mechanisms currently impeding the transition of plantigrades to juvenile recruits.
Sustainable, Green, and Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Approach for Pizotifen Maleate Detection in Tablets and Human Plasma via Photo‐Induced Electron Transfer Inhibition
Authors: Omar Mahmoud A. , Mohamed Abobakr A. , Alahmadi Yaser , Almaghrabi Mohammed , Bafail Rawan , Mostafa Islam M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPizotifen maleate (PZM) is an anti‐migraine drug. Effective treatment requires accurate measurement of PZM levels in patients and constant medication concentrations in tablets. This paper presents a new spectrofluorimetric approach for detecting PZM in tablets and human blood plasma (spiked with PZM). The detection mechanism depends on the inhibition of the PZM molecule's photoinduced electron transfer (PET), resulting in a bright fluorescent intensity from PZM. Acetic acid (2.0 M) acidifies the reaction environment and causes PET inhibition. This approach detects PZM at concentrations ranging from 100 to 700 ng mL−1. Furthermore, the approach has outstanding detection and quantification limits of 30.95 and 93.78 ng mL−1, respectively. Also, the approach accurately measured PZM content homogeneity in each tablet and spiked human plasma samples without any interference. This new strategy represents a new and sensitive method for accurate PZM monitoring in different samples. Furthermore, the established fluorimetric method's greenness was evaluated.
Extensive Subcutaneous Emphysema Following Emergency Tracheostomy in a High‐Risk Patient With Advanced Supraglottic Carcinoma: Navigating Complexity
Authors: Chaudhary Rahul Kumar , Khan Sajjad Ahmed , Gautam Sakshyam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn high‐risk patients undergoing emergency tracheostomy, especially with advanced malignancies and comorbidities, vigilant monitoring and immediate management of complications like extensive subcutaneous emphysema are crucial. Prompt intervention and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to optimize outcomes and effectively address severe postoperative issues.
Diagnostic Challenges due to a Germline Missense MSH2 Variant in a Patient With Immunotherapy‐Responsive Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Evaristo Gertruda , Harmath Carla , Segal Jeremy P. , Shergill Ardaman , Setia Namrata 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRapid and accurate identification of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and Lynch syndrome is critical in the prognostication and clinical management of patients with colorectal carcinoma.Case DescriptionWe describe here a young woman who developed a locally aggressive rectal adenocarcinoma with intact MMR protein expression by immunohistochemistry and absence of histologic evidence of MMR deficiency‐associated increased tumoral immune response. Germline DNA‐targeted sequencing identified MSH2 variant p.R711P, initially classified as a variant of undetermined significance. Somatic tumoral DNA analysis revealed the identical MSH2 variant, high tumor mutational burden, and microsatellite instability, in addition to superimposed alterations in β2‐microglobulin gene, possibly explaining the altered intratumoral immunity. Consequently, the patient was started on immunotherapy, leading to successful disease control (33 month follow‐up).ConclusionThe findings emphasize the utility of an integrative approach in the assessment of MMR status for determining candidacy for immunotherapy, especially in the setting of missense variants in MMR genes.
Quantifying Biomass and Visualizing Cell Coverage on Fibrous Scaffolds for Cultivated Meat Production
Authors: Li Xinxin , Lwin Khin Thu , Kumarasinghe Hirunika U. , Iglesias‐Ledon Lilianne , Bethi Eesha , Wang Yushu , Fennelly Colin , Sylvia Ryan , Hatz Sonja , Olsen Timothy , Herget Thomas , Chen Ying , Kaplan David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCultivated meat represents a transformative solution to environmental and ethical concerns of traditional meat industries, replicating livestock meat's texture and sensory attributes in vitro with a focus on cost, safety, and nutritional quality. Central to this process are biomaterial scaffolds that support tissue development from isolated animal cells grown in or on these matrices. Understanding scaffold interactions with cells, including scaffold degradation and biomass production, is crucial for process design and for scaling‐up goals. In this article, we outline comprehensive methods to quantify scaffold‐cell interactions for such scenarios, focusing on biomaterial scaffold degradation and changes in cell biomass [measured by cell weight, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and cell coverage] during cell culture. We introduce two methodologies for assessing cell coverage: fixation and staining for detailed imaging analysis, and non‐invasive, real‐time evaluation across scaffolds. Here we focus on fiber‐based scaffolds, while the assessments can be extrapolated to 2‐dimensional (2D; films), and in part to 3‐dimensional (3D; sponge) systems. Utilizing the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line as a gold standard, the protocols deliver precise, step‐by‐step instructions for preparing fiber scaffolds (using silk proteins here), seeding cells, and monitoring key parameters for cultivated meat production, providing a framework for advancing cellular agriculture techniques. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Fabrication and preparation of silk fiber scaffolds for cell seedingSupport Protocol 1: Cultivation of C2C12 cells and seeding onto fibrous scaffoldsBasic Protocol 2: Quantification of decellularized yarn scaffold degradation during cell cultureBasic Protocol 3: Quantification of biomass variation and ECM deposition on yarn scaffolds during C2C12 cell cultureBasic Protocol 4: Visualization of cell‐laden yarn scaffolds and determination of cell coverage ratio using confocal microscopySupport Protocol 2: Real‐time imaging of cell‐laden yarn scaffolds using Celigo systemSupport Protocol 3: Applying green CellTracker fluorescent probes to C2C12 cells seeded on yarn scaffolds
Isolation, Purification, and Comprehensive Flow Cytometry Assessment of Lung Stromal Cells
Authors: Rottmann Sophia , Lukacs‐Kornek Veronika 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStromal cells are non‐hematopoietic cells that consist of endothelial cells and various mesenchymal cell populations. The composition of the stromal cell compartment is diverse in different organs. Numerous recent studies demonstrated that the lung environment contains heterogeneous mesenchymal stromal cell populations with distinctive genomic signatures and location preferences. Besides their role in supporting organ structure and remodeling tissue, mesenchymal stromal cells fulfill critical immune functions. These stromal cells show alterations during lung fibrosis and infectious disorders like COVID‐19 or flu infection.To date, their identification and isolation were challenging, and most information about their heterogeneity was derived from scRNAseq data. In this protocol, we describe an isolation, comprehensive flow cytometry assessment, and purification strategy for murine lung stromal cells. The described method is optimized for minimizing cell death while keeping a high level of cell purity. This protocol can be also used for ex‐vivo analysis of these cells in downstream functional assays. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of stromal cells from murine lung tissueBasic Protocol 2: Flow cytometry assessment of lung stromal populationsBasic Protocol 3: Purification of lung fibroblastic stromal cellsAlternate Protocol: Positive selection of fibroblastic stromal cells
Improved Deep Reinforcement Learning With Faster Graph Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network‐Enabled Adaptive Network Slicing for Tailored Service Delivery in NextGen Networks
Authors: Sugapriya S. , Vijayabhasker R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMany new use cases and a broad spectrum of vertical businesses are expected to be supported by next‐generation wireless networks. Network slicing has been implemented to suit the stringent requirements of different services. By dividing the infrastructure network into several logical networks, this technology enables resource allocation based on services. In dynamic and unpredictable situations, managing resources across several domains and dimensions for end‐to‐end (E2E) slicing still presents difficulties. Tenant satisfaction requires striking a balance between the trade‐off between revenue and the expense of resource allocation. Network slicing has emerged as a fundamental paradigm in next‐generation networks to meet the diverse service requirements of various applications and users. However, the dynamic nature of network conditions and service demands poses challenges in efficiently allocating network resources to meet performance objectives. In this paper, a faster graph recurrent convolutional neural network (FGRCNN) with improved deep reinforcement learning (IDRL) is proposed to learn traffic behavior from link and node properties in addition to network structure. To train the FGRCNN model in the IDRL framework without requiring a labeled training dataset, employ the Deep Q‐learning technique. This allows the framework to swiftly adjust to changes in traffic dynamics. A system is proposed to analyze real‐time network and service data enabling dynamic adaptation of network slices for changing traffic patterns and service requirements. A comprehensive framework is presented that integrates deep learning models with network slicing orchestration mechanisms to achieve tailored service delivery. Through extensive simulations and experiments, the effectiveness approach in optimizing resource utilization is demonstrated, improving service quality and enabling agile network management in next‐gen networks. Results highlight the potential of deep learning‐enabled adaptive network slicing to support diverse and evolving service demands in future network environments.
Recent insights into the transformative role of Graphene‐based/TiO2 electron transport layers for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sewela T. , Ocaya R. O. , Malevu T. D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) hold great promise for cost‐effective and high‐efficiency solar energy conversion. However, in practice, they face practical limitations due to suboptimal electron transport, inadequate hole‐suppression, photocatalytic instability, and susceptibility to other environmental factors. Many transition metal oxides such as ZnO and TiO2 have important excitonic properties that make them good electron transport layer (ETL) materials in PSCs. However, many of the PS limitations arise from inherent issues with these oxides. The high interest in TiO2 is due to its low toxicity, chemical stability, and the potential to enhance its excitonic performance through doping with many materials. The main limitations of TiO2 are its poor visible‐light response by virtue of its wide bandgap of ~3.2 eV, and its high electron‐hole (e‐h) recombination rates, which are directly responsible for its low current densities. Transition metal oxide enhancements occur using either internal doping or surface sensitization. Of the added materials, graphene has exceptional electrical conductivity, high electron mobility, large surface area, and excellent mechanical properties, making it a near‐ideal candidate to improve the performance of TiO2. This review examines the important advances in graphene‐TiO2 (g‐TiO2) composites for ETL application. By forming a composite with TiO2, graphene can significantly enhance electron transport, reduce recombination losses, and improve the overall stability of PSCs. We present the detailed rationale for and analysis of g‐TiO2 for improved electron transport efficiency, enhanced stability, and boosted overall PSC performance with the objective of providing an authoritative resource for the field.
Managers and internationalization decisions: An affect‐enacted model
Authors: Grego Marica , Buckley Peter J. , Munjal Surender , Voss Hinrich , Wang Elizabeth Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryThis paper identifies a critical gap in foundational assumptions between traditional International Business (IB) theories (e.g., internalization theory and Uppsala model) and empirical individual‐level research. Traditional theories, rooted in assumptions of bounded rationality, tend to overlook the influence of affective cognition in shaping managerial decisions. In contrast, our systematic review of individual‐level IB research reveals that empirical studies recognize the influence of affective cognition in decision‐making but have only extended mainstream theories in fragmented ways, leaving room for a comprehensive theoretical revision. We propose an affect‐enacted model of internationalization decision‐making, showing how affective cognition critically shapes IB decisions. Our findings have important implications for IB theorization, advocating for the integration of both affective and non‐affective cognition into a unified framework.Managerial SummaryManagers assess risks as part of their decision‐making process for firm internationalization. Traditional theories suggest that managers, as boundedly rational actors, are imperfect agents influenced primarily by analytical considerations. However, our systematic review of over two decades of empirical research reveals instead that managers are complex agents that rely on both affective and non‐affective processes to inform their judgments. We present an affect‐enacted model of internationalization decisions, showing how these processes combine to shape knowledge, experience, attitudes, and risk evaluations, ultimately guiding their internationalization decisions. Contrary to the traditional view, our findings suggest that internationalization decisions are deeply influenced by affective cognition reflecting a complex interplay of intra‐ and interpersonal dynamics.
Intuitive eating predictors and outcomes in people with severe mental illness participating in a lifestyle intervention
Authors: Henry Irene , Korman Nicole , Johnston Donni , Teasdale Scott , Rocks Tetyana , Childs Sarah , Russell Anneliese , Chapman Justin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) are at higher risk of preventable diseases than the general population; poor diet contributes to heightened risk. Adaptive approaches designed to improve intuitive eating may improve dietary behaviours in people with SMI. Aims of this study were to investigate predictors of, and assess the impact of a nutrition program on, intuitive eating in people with SMI.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of an exercise and nutrition program for people with SMI. The primary outcome was intuitive eating assessed using the Intuitive Eating Scale 2 (IES2); psychological distress was measured using the Kessler‐6 scale. Regression analyses were conducted on baseline data; change in intuitive eating was assessed using Wilcoxon tests.ResultsA total of 93 participants had complete data for regression analyses, and 32 completed pre/post‐assessments. The most common mental health diagnosis was psychotic disorder (35%); 74% had BMI > 25 kg/m2. The regression model significantly predicted total IES2 score and three intuitive eating domains. Body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with these outcomes (β = −0.234 to −0.248; p < 0.05). Both BMI and psychological distress were negatively associated with body‐food choice congruence (B‐FCC), and only B‐FCC was improved at post‐intervention.ConclusionsHigher BMI and psychological distress were associated with lower intuitive eating in people with SMI. Nutrition interventions may improve B‐FCC in people with SMI.So What?Given the interrelatedness of BMI and psychological distress with psychosocial stressors, nutritional interventions should be implemented alongside holistic approaches to improve health equality.
Planning Matters: A Document Analysis of 24 Portuguese Health Programmes
Authors: Costa Soraia , Morais Vilaça Inês , Lima Daniela , Pinheiro‐Guedes Lara , Barbosa Suzana , Salvador Sílvia , Barbabela Rachel , Carvalho Ana Cristina , Oliveira Paula , Chaves Ana Cecília , Teixeira Margarida , Caveiro Diogo , Vieira Alexandre , Leão Teresa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHealth planning is essential for effective public health interventions and optimal resource utilisation. The Portuguese Directorate‐General of Health has a long history of developing health plans and programmes, for communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and their determinants. This study aimed to review the current 24 programmes and assess the adequacy of their structure and content.MethodsA document analysis was conducted using a programme assessment matrix developed by the research group. Two independent researchers evaluated each programme, scoring items as ‘absent’, ‘present’, or ‘not applicable’. A quantitative analysis was employed to analyse compliance scores between priority and non‐priority programmes and across the year of publication.ResultsPriority programs demonstrated higher and more consistent compliance scores compared to non‐priority programs. Compliance scores ranged from 19% in the Sexual and Reproductive Health Programme to 100% in the Healthy Eating Programme. The item least commonly present was ‘updated time scope’, in only 21% of the programmes. Most recently published programmes were more likely to have a higher compliance score (Β = 0.76, 95% CI: [0.46, 1.05]). Not all programmes were publicly available in the same digital location.ConclusionsThere was heterogeneity in the 24 health promotion programmes in terms of structure, content, timeliness, and accessibility. A standardised structure could enhance their quality and ease their interpretation and dissemination.
Dynamics of Myopia Progression in Ghana—Evidence From Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kyei Samuel , Avornyo Godwin , Asiamah Randy , Boadi‐Kusi Samuel B. , Kwarteng Michael Agyemang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimTo investigate the pattern of progression of myopia among a Ghanaian clinical cohort.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of a clinical data set of all healthy myopic participants attending a tertiary eye care center was performed. Participants' biennial refraction examinations were tracked for refractive changes 4 years after the date of the first visit. This covered the period from January 2015 to December 2019. Myopia progression was defined as a difference in spherical equivalent between consecutive biennial visits equal to, or greater than −0.50 D of myopia.ResultsThe medical records of 169 myopic participants were reviewed, with the majority (53.8%) being female. Most of the participants (51.4%) were younger than 36 years, and at the end of the study period, 96 participants (56.8%), who made up the majority, showed progression of myopia Univariate regression revealed that the 36–59‐year‐old age range is associated with a 60% [cOR = 0.40, 95% CI: –0.17, 0.97; p = 0.04] reduced likelihood compared to those belonging to the 0–17‐year‐old age group, and the Mole‐Dagbon ethnicity is associated with an almost fourfold [cOR = 3.80; 95% CI: –1.40, 10.316; p = 0.01] increased likelihood of experiencing myopia progression compared to those of Ga‐Adangbe ethnicity. Multivariate regression revealed that the Mole‐Dagbon ethnicity is associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing myopia progression 4 years after their initial visit [aOR = 3.49; 95% CI: –1.27, 9.63; p = 0.02] compared to those of Ga‐Adangbe ethnicity.ConclusionOur study provides important insights into myopia progression in Ghana, with findings that are consistent with global trends. The association of myopia progression with age, place of residence, degree of myopia, and ethnicity highlights the need for tailored interventions to manage this growing public health concern in African populations.