bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of the bone marrow stromal stem cell supernatant by nasal administration—a new approach to EAE therapy
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhai Wantong , Zhu Jiahui , Zhao Wei , Zou Xiaoyi , Qu Siying , Wang Shenyue , He Zhongze , Li Zhaoying , Wang Lingyang , Sun Bo , Li Hulun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). CNS has its own unique structural and functional features, while the lack of precision regulatory element with high specificity as therapeutic targets makes the development of disease treatment in the bottleneck. Recently, the immunomodulation and neuroprotection capabilities of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were shown in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the administration route and the safety evaluation limit the application of BMSC. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of BMSC supernatant by nasal administration.

Methods
In the basis of the establishment of the EAE model, the BMSC supernatant were treated by nasal administration. The clinical score and weight were used to determine the therapeutic effect. The demyelination of the spinal cord was detected by LFB staining. ELISA was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in serum of peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was performed to detect pro-inflammatory cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes.

Results
BMSC supernatant by nasal administration can alleviate B cell-mediated clinical symptoms of EAE, decrease the degree of demyelination, and reduce the inflammatory cells infiltrated into the central nervous system; lessen the antibody titer in peripheral bloods; and significantly lower the expression of inflammatory factors. As a new, non-invasive treatment, there are no differences in the therapeutic effects between BMSC supernatant treated by nasal route and the conventional applications, i.e. intraperitoneal or intravenous injection.

Conclusions
BMSC supernatant administered via the nasal cavity provide new sights and new ways for the EAE therapy.
Rev1 wbdR tagged vaccines against Brucella ovis
Authors: Aragón-Aranda Beatriz , de Miguel María Jesús , Martínez-Gómez Estrella , Zúñiga-Ripa Amaia , Salvador-Bescós Miriam , Moriyón Ignacio , Iriarte Maite , Muñoz Pilar M. , Conde-Álvarez Raquel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSheep brucellosis is a worldwide extended disease caused by B. melitensis and B. ovis, two species respectively carrying smooth or rough lipopolysaccharide. Vaccine B. melitensis Rev1 is used against B. melitensis and B. ovis but induces an anti-smooth-lipopolysaccharide response interfering with B. melitensis serodiagnosis, which precludes its use against B. ovis where B. melitensis is absent. In mice, Rev1 deleted in wbkC (Brucella lipopolysaccharide formyl-transferase) and carrying wbdR (E. coli acetyl-transferase) triggered antibodies that could be differentiated from those evoked by wild-type strains, was comparatively attenuated and protected against B. ovis, suggesting its potential as a B. ovis vaccine.
Risk of bias tools in systematic reviews of health interventions: an analysis of PROSPERO-registered protocols
Authors: Farrah Kelly , Young Kelsey , Tunis Matthew C. , Zhao Linlu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Systematic reviews of health interventions are increasingly incorporating evidence outside of randomized controlled trials (RCT). While non-randomized study (NRS) types may be more prone to bias compared to RCT, the tools used to evaluate risk of bias (RoB) in NRS are less straightforward and no gold standard tool exists. The objective of this study was to evaluate the planned use of RoB tools in systematic reviews of health interventions, specifically for reviews that planned to incorporate evidence from RCT and/or NRS.

Methods
We evaluated a random sample of non-Cochrane protocols for systematic reviews of interventions registered in PROSPERO between January 1 and October 12, 2018. For each protocol, we extracted data on the types of studies to be included (RCT and/or NRS) as well as the name and number of RoB tools planned to be used according to study design. We then conducted a longitudinal analysis of the most commonly reported tools in the random sample. Using keywords and name variants for each tool, we searched PROSPERO records by year since the inception of the database (2011 to December 7, 2018), restricting the keyword search to the “Risk of bias (quality) assessment” field.

Results
In total, 471 randomly sampled PROSPERO protocols from 2018 were included in the analysis. About two-thirds (63%) of these planned to include NRS, while 37% restricted study design to RCT or quasi-RCT. Over half of the protocols that planned to include NRS listed only a single RoB tool, most frequently the Cochrane RoB Tool. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and ROBINS-I were the most commonly reported tools for NRS (39% and 33% respectively) for systematic reviews that planned to use multiple RoB tools. Looking at trends over time, the planned use of the Cochrane RoB Tool and ROBINS-I seems to be increasing.

Conclusions
While RoB tool selection for RCT was consistent, with the Cochrane RoB Tool being the most frequently reported in PROSPERO protocols, RoB tools for NRS varied widely. Results suggest a need for more education and awareness on the appropriate use of RoB tools for NRS. Given the heterogeneity of study designs comprising NRS, multiple RoB tools tailored to specific designs may be required.
Solvability of some boundary value problems involving p-Laplacian and non-autonomous differential operators
Authors: Petrini Milena 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper deals with the existence and non-existence of solutions of the following nonlinear non-autonomous boundary value problem governed by the p-Laplacian operator:
$$(P) \quad \textstyle\begin{cases} (h(t,x(t)) \vert x'(t) \vert ^{p-2} x'(t))' = g(t,x(t),x'(t)) \quad \text{a.e. } t\in \mathbb{R}, \\ x(-\infty )=a, \qquad x(+\infty )= b \end{cases} $$(P){(h(t,x(t))|x′(t)|p−2x′(t))′=g(t,x(t),x′(t))a.e. t∈R,x(−∞)=a,x(+∞)=b with $a< b$a<b, where a is a positive, continuous function and g is a Caratheódory nonlinear function.We prove an existence result, underlying the relationship between the behavior of $g(t,x,\cdot )$g(t,x,⋅) as $y\to 0$y→0 related to that of $g(\cdot ,x,y)$g(⋅,x,y) and $h(\cdot ,x) $h(⋅,x) as $|t|\to +\infty $|t|→+∞.
Positive solutions to n-dimensional $\alpha _{1}+\alpha _{2}$ order fractional differential system with p-Laplace operator
Authors: Wang Tian , Chen Guo , Pang Huihui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study an n-dimensional fractional differential system with p-Laplace operator, which involves multi-strip integral boundary conditions. By using the Leggett–Williams fixed point theorem, the existence results of at least three positive solutions are established. Besides, we also get the nonexistence results of positive solutions. Finally, two examples are presented to validate the main results.
Human motion recognition based on SVM in VR art media interaction environment
Authors: Zhang Fuquan , Wu Tsu-Yang , Pan Jeng-Shyang , Ding Gangyi , Li Zuoyong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of human motion recognition in multimedia interaction scenarios in virtual reality environment, a motion classification and recognition algorithm based on linear decision and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. Firstly, the kernel function is introduced into the linear discriminant analysis for nonlinear projection to map the training samples into a high-dimensional subspace to obtain the best classification feature vector, which effectively solves the nonlinear problem and expands the sample difference. The genetic algorithm is used to realize the parameter search optimization of SVM, which makes full use of the advantages of genetic algorithm in multi-dimensional space optimization. The test results show that compared with other classification recognition algorithms, the proposed method has a good classification effect on multiple performance indicators of human motion recognition and has higher recognition accuracy and better robustness.
Development of a reference data set for assigning Streptococcus and Enterococcus species based on next generation sequencing of the 16S–23S rRNA region
Authors: Kosecka-Strojek Maja , Sabat Artur J. , Akkerboom Viktoria , Kooistra-Smid Anna M. D. , Miedzobrodzki Jacek , Friedrich Alexander W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Many members of Streptococcus and Enterococcus genera are clinically relevant opportunistic pathogens warranting accurate and rapid identification for targeted therapy. Currently, the developed method based on next generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S–23S rRNA region proved to be a rapid, reliable and precise approach for species identification directly from polymicrobial and challenging clinical samples. The introduction of this new method to routine diagnostics is hindered by a lack of the reference sequences for the 16S–23S rRNA region for many bacterial species. The aim of this study was to develop a careful assignment for streptococcal and enterococcal species based on NGS of the 16S–23S rRNA region.

Methods
Thirty two strains recovered from clinical samples and 19 reference strains representing 42 streptococcal species and nine enterococcal species were subjected to bacterial identification by four Sanger-based sequencing methods targeting the genes encoding (i) 16S rRNA, (ii) sodA, (iii) tuf and (iv) rpoB; and NGS of the 16S–23S rRNA region.

Results
This study allowed obtainment and deposition of reference sequences of the 16S–23S rRNA region for 15 streptococcal and 3 enterococcal species followed by enrichment for 27 and 6 species, respectively, for which reference sequences were available in the databases. For Streptococcus, NGS of the 16S–23S rRNA region was as discriminative as Sanger sequencing of the tuf and rpoB genes allowing for an unambiguous identification of 93% of analyzed species. For Enterococcus, sodA, tuf and rpoB genes sequencing allowed for identification of all species, while the NGS-based method did not allow for identification of only one enterococcal species. For both genera, the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was endowed with a low identification potential and was inferior to that of other tested identification methods. Moreover, in case of phylogenetically related species the sequence analysis of only the intergenic spacer region was not sufficient enough to precisely identify Streptococcus strains at the species level.

Conclusions
Based on the developed reference dataset, clinically relevant streptococcal and enterococcal species can now be reliably identified by 16S–23S rRNA sequences in samples. This study will be useful for introduction of a novel diagnostic tool, NGS of the 16S–23S rRNA region, which undoubtedly is an improvement for reliable culture-independent species identification directly from polymicrobially constituted clinical samples.
Effectiveness of a Ward level target accountability strategy for hand hygiene
Authors: Pada Surinder M. S. Kaur , Chee Poh Ling , Rathenam Sarathemani , Ng Kim Sim , Alenton Lilibeth Silagan , Poh Lishi , Tambyah Paul Anatharajah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Hand hygiene is a simple and effective solution in prevention of Multi Drug Resistant Organisms. Hand Hygiene campaigns have mostly taken the form of a generalised hospital approach with visual reminders and rewards for improvement in compliance. We describe a hand hygiene programme that sets an individualised ward target to increase accountability and drive improvement.

Methods
We undertook to develop a “Hand Hygiene Accountability” model, where the mean compliance rate, using the WHO hand hygiene assessment tool, for each ward over the past 6 months plus 10% was used as a target for that particular ward.
Rewards were given to wards with the most percentage improvement over the year. A graded escalation was used for wards that did not meet targets based on 1,2 or 3 months of non-compliance. The most extreme action, setting up a task force directed by the Chairman of our Medical Board, would be required if 3 continuous months of non-compliance was observed. Hand Hygiene audits were performed by staff trained using the WHO audit tools. The same strategy was repeated at our community hospital.
Active surveillance testing for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using nasal, groin and axilla swabs established before the project continued to be in operation, as did surveillance for hospital acquired MRSA bacteraemia (using NHSN criteria), hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile (HO-CD), and multi-resistant gram-negative bacilli.

Results
Data from July 2015 to December 2017 was analysed. In the acute and community hospitals, 21,582 and 5770 hand hygiene (HH) observations were undertaken respectively.
In the acute care hospital, HH compliance rates went from 65 to 78% (p-value < 0.00001). There was a reduction in MRSA bacteraemia from 5 episodes at the start of the study to 0 in 2017.
In the community hospital, HH compliance improved from a mean of 64 to 75% (p-value 0.00005). MRSA transmission rate decreased from 5.72 per 1000 patient days, to 2.79 per 1000 patient days (p-value 0.00035) with an admission prevalence of 13.1% for 2016 and 20.6% in 2017.

Conclusions
Using a ward level accountability for hand hygiene is possible and can be successful in improving hand hygiene rates, possibly reducing transmission of MDROs. Realistic targets need to be set and adequate rewards and incentives provided to ensure continuous improvement.
Effects of motion direction and power of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on pull-out bond strength of fiber post to root dentin in endodontically-treated single-canal premolar teeth
Authors: Rezaei-Soufi Loghman , Tapak Leili , Forouzande Mahsa , Fekrazad Reza 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundInadequate retention and gradual debonding of intracanal post from root dentin is a major cause of failure of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber post.Main bodyThis study aimed to assess the effect of surface treatment of quartz fiber posts with different powers and motion directions of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on their pull-out bond strength to root dentin in endodontically treated premolar teeth. In this study, 105 fiber posts were divided into 7 groups according to their surface treatment with different powers of Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 2780 nm wavelength, 20 Hz frequency and 150 μs pulse duration in circumferential (C) or longitudinal (L) motion directions: Control group (no treatment), 0.5 W laser in longitudinally (L0.5), 1.0 W laser in longitudinally (L1), 1.5 W laser in longitudinally (L1.5), 0.5 W laser in circumferentially (C0.5), 1.0 W laser in circumferentially (C1) and 1.5 W laser in circumferentially (C1.5). After cementation, pull-out bond strength was measured in Newton (N). Each sample was inspected under a stereomicroscope at × 25 magnification to determine the mode of failure. Two samples of each group were inspected under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test with significant level of 0.05. The pull-out bond strength of 0.5 W groups had significant differences with the control group (P = 0.009). The bond strength of 1.0 W and 1.5 W groups were not significantly different (P = 0.630) but were higher than the control and 0.5 W groups (P < 0.001). Motion direction of laser irradiation had no significant effect on the bond strength (P = 0.384). The interaction effect of power and motion direction of laser irradiation had no significant effect on the bond strength (P = 0.092).ConclusionFiber posts treated with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 W Er,Cr:YSGG laser showed higher bond strength to dentin compared to posts with no surface treatment. However, the motion directions of laser irradiation had no significant effect on the bond strength. In order to minimize damage to post surface and achieving maximum bond strength, longitudinal surface treatment of posts with 1.0 W power of Er,Cr:YSGG laser is recommended.
Comparison of two methods for subpubic angle measurement from reconstructed three-dimensional pelvic model
Authors: Mohd Ali Siti Hanum , Omar Normaliza , Shafie Mohamed Swarhib , Nik Ismail Nik Azuan , Hadi Helmi , Mohd Nor Faridah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Sex estimation using the subpubic angle of the pelvis is highly accurate for identification of unknown skeletonized remains. This study compared two methods for measuring the subpubic angle from reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) pelvic models. The aims were to quantify the differences in the subpubic angle measurement by Checkpoint (Method 1) and MeshLab + OnScreenProtractor (Method 2), to determine the 95% limits of agreement and to identify any measurement bias. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scans of 85 individuals were used in this study. The MSCT scans were performed on a Siemens SOMATOM Sensation 64 scanner (Siemens Germany Ltd.). Segmentation of the MSCT scans was performed using 3D Slicer to reconstruct 3D pelvic models. Subpubic angle was measured on Checkpoint using four landmarks (Method 1), and with OnScreenProtractor on MeshLab (Method 2).

Results
The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed a high correlation between repeated measurements in both methods. Subpubic angle measurements by Method 1 and Method 2 were significantly different (p < 0.05). Method 2 (M = 82.2°, SD = 13.5°), consistently showed a larger subpubic angle measurement than Method 1 (M = 77.3°, SD = 12.3°) (consistent bias). More than 95% of the differences (82/85) between Checkpoint and MeshLab fell within the 95% limits of agreement (− 1.4° and 11.4°).

Conclusion
Checkpoint and MeshLab displayed significantly different subpubic angle measurement on a 3D pelvic model, but within the 95% limits of agreement. The MeshLab tended to give a larger measurement (5°), across the magnitude of the subpubic angle. The decision to use the two methods interchangeably depended on the clinical judgment of the observer.
Chemical indicators for pollution detection in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Zaghloul Alaa , Saber Mohamed , El-Dewany Camilia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Pollution is objectionable changes in a given ecosystem trailing to potential health hazards. Assessment of pollution levels is continually recognized by several pollution indicators, biological, chemical, and/or physical. Chemical indicators always validate fair information about the evenness between ecosystem components.

Results
Chemical indicators include pH, quality criterion index, kinetics, oxidation-reduction potential, reactive carbon, total organic C, total residues, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), phosphate (P), nitrogen (N2), anhydrous ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3), and copper (Cu2+).
Extension of emission expectation maximization lookalike algorithms to Bayesian algorithms
Authors: Zeng Gengsheng L. , Li Ya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe recently developed a family of image reconstruction algorithms that look like the emission maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM) algorithm. In this study, we extend these algorithms to Bayesian algorithms. The family of emission-EM-lookalike algorithms utilizes a multiplicative update scheme. The extension of these algorithms to Bayesian algorithms is achieved by introducing a new simple factor, which contains the Bayesian information. One of the extended algorithms can be applied to emission tomography and another to transmission tomography. Computer simulations are performed and compared with the corresponding un-extended algorithms. The total-variation norm is employed as the Bayesian constraint in the computer simulations. The newly developed algorithms demonstrate a stable performance. A simple Bayesian algorithm can be derived for any noise variance function. The proposed algorithms have properties such as multiplicative updating, non-negativity, faster convergence rates for bright objects, and ease of implementation. Our algorithms are inspired by Green’s one-step-late algorithm. If written in additive-update form, Green’s algorithm has a step size determined by the future image value, which is an undesirable feature that our algorithms do not have.
3D frequency-domain elastic wave modeling with the spectral element method using a massively parallel direct solver
Authors: Li Yang , Brossier Romain , Métivier Ludovic 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTComplex topography, the free-surface boundary condition, and anelastic properties of media should be accounted for in the frame of onshore geophysical prospecting imaging, such as full-waveform inversion (FWI). In this context, an accurate and efficient forward-modeling engine is mandatory. We have performed 3D frequency-domain anisotropic elastic wave modeling by using the highly accurate spectral element method and a sparse multifrontal direct solver. An efficient approach similar to computing the matrix-vector product in the time domain is used to build the matrix. We validate the numerical results by comparing with analytical solutions. A parallel direct solver, the sparse direct multifrontal massively parallel solver (MUMPS), is used to solve the linear system. We find that a hybrid implementation of message passing interface and open multiprocessing is more efficient in flops and memory cost. The influence of the deformed mesh, free-surface boundary condition, and heterogeneity of media on MUMPS performance is negligible. Complexity analysis suggests that the memory complexity of MUMPS agrees with the theoretical order [Formula: see text] (or [Formula: see text] with an efficient matrix reordering method) for an [Formula: see text] grid when nontrivial topography is considered. With the available resources, we conduct a moderate scale modeling with a subset of the SEAM Phase II Foothills model, where 60 wavelengths in the [Formula: see text]-axis are propagated. Computing one gradient of FWI based on this model using the frequency-domain modeling is shown to require similar or fewer computational resources than what would be required for a time-domain solver, depending on the number of sources, while larger memory is necessary. An estimation of the increasing trend indicates that approximately 20 Tb of memory would be required for a [Formula: see text] wavelength modeling. The limit of MUMPS scalability hinders the application to larger scale applications.