bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spanish-speaking immigrants in Indiana
Authors: Barbosa Mara 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the language attitudes of Spanish-speaking immigrants in Indiana. One hundred participants completed sociodemographic and language attitudes questionnaires. The results from the questionnaires were statistically analyzed to establish the participants’ attitudes towards each of the four analyzed components (Spanish in general, Spanish in the U.S., Spanish language maintenance, and Spanish/English bilingualism) and the relationships between participants’ attitudes and sociodemographic factors. The analysis revealed positive attitudes towards Spanish in general (M = 4.41, SD = 0.5) and Spanish in the U.S. (M = 4.05, SD = 0.84) and moderately positive attitudes towards Spanish language maintenance (M = 3.64, SD = 1.08) and Spanish/English bilingualism (M = 3.67, SD = 0.9). The data also indicated that education is a powerful predictor of positive attitudes towards three of the four language attitude components among this population.
The study of language attitudes
Authors: MacGregor-Mendoza Patricia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As an area of inquiry, the study of language attitudes has been developed over the last 70 years. Central to the field has been the work of Joshua A. Fishman, who provided not only the theoretical underpinning of the field, but also contributed a variety of techniques and approaches that are still in use by today’s scholars. In the present paper I take the opportunity to examine some of Fishman’s and others’ groundwork that provided the foundation of this field of inquiry. Subsequently, I add to this foundation with the results of some of the studies of my own in the past and present to provide a vision of where sociolinguists can continue to extend the horizons of our field.
Memory, mothers and post-Freudian melancholia in Mercè Rodoreda’s
‘Night and Fog’
Authors: Lunati I Maruny Montserrat 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between
post-Freudian melancholia, memory and mothers in the short story
“Nit i boira” [“Night and Fog”] (1947) by Mercè Rodoreda. I relate
the story to the concept of “desnéixer” from Maria-Mercè Marçal’s
Raó del cos [The Body’s
Reason] (2000).
Both texts articulate the (im)possible task of freeing the maternal
from controversial approaches to it such as that of classical
psychoanalysis which determines the patriarchal rupture of the
alleged plenitude of pre-Oedipal mother-child bond, or from the
effects of a Western culture that, as Luce Irigaray claims, “repose
sur le meurtre de la mère.” Alison Landsberg’s and Michael
Rothberg’s views on memory help to read Rodoreda’s story, in which
affection and loss are inevitably intertwined with history and
politics.
A complex grammaticalization scenario for the definite
article
Authors: Schlachter Eva 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The rise of the definite article in Old High
German is the result of a more complex grammaticalization process
than has commonly been assumed. Current explanations do not take
into account the existence of early definite secondary article forms
that are attested since the 8th/9th century. The notion of secondary
article forms refers to preposition-article-combinations, the
alternation of two different article forms
ther-thie ‘the’ and occurrences of apparent
personal pronouns which will be analyzed as definite article forms.
On the other hand, the reanalysis from a demonstrative to a definite
article is not possible in purely semantically definite contexts.
The absence of definiteness marking in these contexts must be the
result of incomplete analogical spreading and not of the
non-existence of a definite article.
The grammaticalization of the definite article in German
Authors: Demske Ulrike 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present paper looks into the
grammaticalization of the definite article in the history of German.
Starting with the well-known emergence of the definite article from
a demonstrative pronoun over the course of Old High German
(750–1050), I will consider the rise of so-called weak definites in
Early New High German (1350–1650) as a new piece of evidence for the grammaticalization process. Here,
the subclass of possessive weak definites is of particular interest
for the grammaticalization of the definite article in German,
because of a word order change affecting the position of possessor
phrases. As soon as the possessor systematically follows the head
noun (except for proper names), we observe three alternatives for
the prenominal determiner slot: it may remain empty, or it may be
filled either by the indefinite or the definite article in Early New
High German. In Present-Day German, the definite article is used in
the unmarked case, thus pointing to a second stage in the
grammaticalization process of the definite article in German, which has so far not been acknowledged in the literature.
The rise of the onymic article in Early New High German
Authors: Schmuck Mirjam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The rise of the definite article in Old High
German (750–1050) is well documented, but little is so far known
about the emergence of the onymic article, i.e. the definite article
in combination with proper names, which represents a later stage in
grammaticalization. This paper focuses on early instances of the
onymic article and seeks to define the driving factors for the
gradual spread of the definite article to proper names on the basis
of transcriptions of witch trial records from the late 15th – 17th
centuries. The underlying data covers the entire German-speaking
area, including present-day Switzerland and Austria and thus allows
an investigation of areal variation in article use in late Early New
High German (1350–1650). It will be demonstrated that the
grammaticalization is most advanced in (East) Upper German. For this
core area, some parts of the Municipal Registers of Vienna are taken
into account (entries from 14th – early 15th c.) as an additional
source. To explain the areal distribution, it is argued that: (1)
language-internally, the spread of the newly emerging onymic article
is strongly dependent on case (oblique cases) and compensates for
the early loss of inflectional case marking on proper names; (2) the
rise of the onymic article is triggered by individual bynames; as
these can mainly be traced back to common nouns in Upper German
(e.g. occupational names). They therefore provide an ideal bridging
context in the transition from definite article to onymic
article.
Samir Amin's contribution to historical materialism
Authors: Ougaard Morten 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARY
Samir Amin's contributions to historical materialism were original theoretical innovations that represented a clear break with Eurocentrism in this tradition. They include both the concept of tributary social formations and a truly global perspective on the development of human society. This debate piece argues that Amin's contributions deserve much more attention and appreciation than they have received.
Research Progress on Detection Methods of Trace Dimethyl Hydrazine
Authors: Du Siyan , Ren Xianghong , Wei Wei , Zhou Feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
UDMH is an important fuel for missiles, satellites and spacecraft launch tests and carrier rockets. It is still very difficult to detect trace UDMH in environmental samples. The research status of gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ion chromatography (IC) and other techniques applied to the analysis of trace UDMH is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed.
A Fast Analysis Method of Mechanical Characteristics for Railway Vehicle Traction Motor Hanging Leaf Spring Based on Analytical Calculation
Authors: Yu Yuewei , Zhao Leilei , Zhou Changcheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to analyse the mechanical characteristics of the traction motor hanging leaf spring of railway vehicles quickly and effectively, by establishing the vertical and the lateral force model of the hanging leaf spring, the mathematical model for analysing the stiffness characteristics and the stress characteristics of the hanging leaf spring were established based on analytical calculation, and the reliability of the mathematical model was verified by the loading-unloading test. The test results show that the analysis method for analysing the mechanical characteristics of the traction motor hanging leaf spring established is reliable. This research can provide a certain popularization and application value for the analysis and design of the railway vehicle traction motor hanging leaf spring.
Flow Field Analysis of Hydraulic Multi-way Valve Based on CFD
Authors: Luo Chunlei , Li Jinyang , Liu Danjie , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Referring to the structure and parameters of the actual multi-way valve, the CAD software SOLIDWORKS was used to establish the three-dimensional geometric model of the internal flow passage of the hydraulic multi-way valve, and the model was calculated and analyzed by CFD software Star CCM+. By studying the flow field distribution in the valve chamber, the pressure distribution at each monitoring point in the chamber and the change of the overall flow rate were obtained, and the steady-state hydrodynamic force of the valve core was calculated. The effects of flow rate and the opening of the valve core on the pressure distribution and steady-state hydrodynamic force in the valve chamber were analyzed under various working conditions. The results show that the steady-state hydraulic force on the valve core increases with the increase of flow rate and decreases with the increase of valve opening. The pressure loss at the inlet and outlet of the slide valve is mainly caused by the throttling characteristics of the oil at the throttle port. The smaller the opening, the greater the inlet pressure and the greater the pressure at all points in the valve chamber.
DC bus voltage control strategy based on hybrid energy storage
Authors: Xu Saiyu , Yan Yingmin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In view of the fluctuation of DC bus voltage caused by the load change of power system, a method based on hybrid energy storage system control is proposed to stabilize the bus voltage of microgrid. Based on the complementary characteristics of battery and supercapacitor, the voltage division strategy is adopted to improve the DC bus voltage. The simulation results show that the method can stabilize the voltage of DC bus.
Effect of Double Injector on Combustion Process in a 396 Series Diesel Engine
Authors: Liang Yu , Zhou Liying , Xu Mingfei , Yao Guwen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The 396 series diesel engine has high performance, reliability and long service life, which has been widely used in many fields including ship, vehicle and industrial power unit. With the improved injection system and dual-injector in each cylinder, two injectors of the diesel can spray diesel at the same time; or one injector sprays ignition diesel and the other injector sprays biodiesel or alcohol fuel. A 3D combustion model of the 396 series diesel engine with flat-top convex basin combustion chamber is established by using the computational fluid dynamics software FIRE, and the combustion process when uniform 5-hole and 8-hole injectors and 4-hole dual-injector are adopted is simulated to compare and analyze the fuel spray, ignition start point, combustion pressure, combustion heat release rate, average temperature in cylinder and NO emission. Compared with the diesel engine adopting 8-hole injector, the diesel engine adopting 4-hole dual-injector has a wide spray space distribution area, high pressure and temperature in cylinder, and high thermal efficiency. The combustion process with injection duration of 26.84°CA, 22°CA and 20°CA for 396 series diesel engine adopting 4-hole dual-injector is simulated respectively, and the simulation result shows that the shorter injection duration can bring the higher maximum pressure and the maximum average temperature in cylinder, the shorter ignition delay period, the advanced ignition start point, the larger peak value of combustion heat release rate, the more concentrated combustion heat release, the higher NO emission. These three cases have almost the same accumulated heat release and the relatively complete fuel utilization. The proper injection duration shall be selected based on comprehensive consideration of the pressure in cylinder, effective power and NO emission. This research result is conductive to improve the combustion process of the 396 series diesel engine with the dual-injector and provides a basis for using biodiesel and alcohol fuel in the diesel engine.
Influence of Absorption Layer Thickness on the Performance of CIGS Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Liangyan , Fang Chao , Liu Weihua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As solar light was mainly absorbed by absorb layer in thin film solar cells, the quality of absorb layer has a great effect on the performance of solar cells. Based on the diffusion drift model of carrier in copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, and then the key parameters are analyzed. Combining with the experimental results of others, this paper discusses the absorption layer’s thickness influence on the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, filling factor and conversion efficiency of the copper indium gallium selenium based solar cells. The results show that the absorption layer’s thickness always affects the performance parameters of the battery. Open circuit voltage increased with increasing thickness and reached saturation above 2μm. Short circuit current increased first and then decreased, then reaches its maximum value at about 2μm thickness. Conversion efficiency is similar to the short circuit current properties. While the fill factor decreased with the increase of thickness above 1^m. This can provide theoretical support for the design of better device structures.
Research on Image Processing Method of High Voltage Switchgear Temperature Measurement
Authors: Du Longji , Zhang Shi , Chen Liming , Ye Jinglong , Ma Meiting , Jia Aidi , Ma Biao , Ming Aihong , Liu Hefeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Accurate monitoring of electrical equipment temperature can effectively ensure the safety of electrical equipment operation. It is worth further study to use limited temperature monitoring equipment to obtain a comprehensive temperature distribution of electrical equipment. Based on the study of nearest neighbor interpolation bilinear interpolation and bicubic interpolation these three methods are applied to image processing of temperature distribution in 10kV switchgear cabinets. Compared with the three methods, bilinear interpolation and bicubic interpolation can accurately reflect the non-measured temperature, and can be used in image processing of temperature distribution in high-voltage switchgear temperature measurement system.
Three Dimensional Study of Eddy Current Field and Temperature Field of 126kV three-phase enclosure-type GIS Bus
Authors: Li Yahui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Heat is one of the most obvious characteristics of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) bus. This paper established three-dimensional eddy current field mathematical model for 126kV three-phase enclosure-type GIS bus. Magnetic field finite element method (FEM) was employed to calculate power loss in the conductors and the tank, and the result was the input data for the solution of temperature field. According to the theory of computational fluid dynamics (CFD),SF6 gas movement differential equations was given as well as solved region and boundary conditions of three dimensional fluid field. Nussle number was utilized to figure out nature convection coefficients of different segments of the bus. Solving the differential equations, fluid and temperature field distribution of the bus was calculated, which theoretically supported temperature on-line monitoring system of GIS bus.
Research on the Method of 3D Registration Technology
Authors: Xu Zhuangnan , Wang Guanglong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Three-dimensional registration technology is the foundation, key and difficult point of constructing augmented reality system. This paper first reviews the three-dimensional registration technology in augmented reality, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then, from the improvement of feature descriptor, the combination of registration technology and tracking technology, online learning-based registration technology and deep learning-based registration technology, the improvement strategy of registration method is analysed and summarized, which is the three-dimensional registration technology. In-depth research provides ideas. Finally, the problems existing in the research of 3D registration technology are pointed out, and the future research directions are prospected.
Research Progress of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (Args) Pollution in Drinking Water Source
Authors: Dong Xiaotong , Sun Shaohua , Xu Lirong , Hou Wei , Wang Mingquan , Zhao Qinghua , Ji Guangxue , Jia Ruibao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the problem of the pollution of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in water environment is becoming more and more serious. As a new environmental pollutant, people have been paid more attention to the harmfulness of ARGs in drinking water sources. The source of ARGs, pollution status, detection and identification technology and water treatment technology have been systematically reviewed, and the future research directions of ARGs were prospected.
Research on Air Pollution Control Measures Based on System Dynamics A Case Study of Beijing
Authors: Yao Cuiyou , Wang Tingting , Cao Haiqing , Yang Yanhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we construct a system dynamics model of the air pollution control measures. Simulation experiments predict the trend of PM2.5 concentration under different conditions. The conclusions of the study are as follows: firstly, the urgent task of controlling air pollution in Beijing is strictly control the value-added of high energy consumption and high pollution industries as well as vehicle restriction. Secondly, advocating afforestation and increasing financial support. In addition, the new restrictions for the motor vehicles with foreign brands to be implemented in Beijing in 2019 has a significant effect on air pollution control.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emissions from Agricultural Non-Point Sources Pollution and Pollution Risk in Tianjin City, China
Authors: Zhao Jirui , Zhao Wei , Zhan Xianhui , Chen Xiaoming , Wei Daiyan , Ma Nan , Sun Meng , Liu Jiahong , Xu Yuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to understand the current status of agricultural non-point source pollution in Tianjin and figure out the main pollution source and areas, the evaluation and spatial distribution of agricultural non-point source pollution were analyzed. The pollution discharge coefficient method was used to estimate the agricultural non-point source pollution in Tianjin. The spatial distribution pattern of agricultural non-point source pollution load was analyzed by ArcGIS software, the pollution evaluation and sources analysis were carried out by equivalent pollution load method. The results show that the pollution load of TN and TP in Tianjin in 2017 was 11760.7 and 871.86 tonnes per year respectively, and the equivalent pollution loads were 11760.70 and 8718.68 m3 separately. Among the districts, the Baodi District, Wuqing District and Jinghai District have higher pollution loads, which are the key control areas. The spatial analysis showed the similar distribution characteristics of pollution load and intensity, which was higher in the middle and lower in the north and south in Tianjin. It is necessary to separately develop targeted pollution prevention measures to strengthen management and control.
Design of a Fault Diagnosis Equipment
Authors: Yong Wu , Zhang Jianhu , Chen Shichun , Yang Bin , Zhang Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the process of daily maintenance and repair of a certain type of equipment, there are problems of long fault diagnosis time and untimely repair. A set of fault diagnosis equipment has been developed for this purpose. The device adopts C8051F120 microprocessor and consists of interface circuit board, excitation signal board, single chip computer board, signal conditioning board, fault diagnosis expert system, etc. It can detect the main performance parameters of the tested equipment, and combined with the fault diagnosis expert system, it can realize the function of performance detection, fault diagnosis location and data storage record, and effectively improve the efficiency of fault diagnosis of the tested equipment.
Application of Intelligent Robot Based on Multi-sensor Control in Modern Home Life
Authors: Li Jingyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In view of the accuracy and rapidity of intelligent robot information processing, this paper designs a multi-sensor hardware system of robots by using ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, Hall sensors, contact sensors and other sensors, and focuses on multi-sensor data. A hybrid data fusion structure and a data fusion algorithm using Bayesian inference algorithm are constructed. The fuzzy obstacle avoidance algorithm is proposed and designed to solve the problem of robot obstacle avoidance. The hardware experimental environment of the system, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the above-mentioned robot control function implementation. After experimental monitoring, the smart home robot has the advantages of low cost, multi-function, easy maintenance and convenient upgrade, and realizes functions such as voice recognition, home entertainment, indoor cleaning, security detection and alarm.
Based on BP neural network model and queuing theory to build taxi driver decision model
Authors: Wu Yu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the decision-making model based on BP neural network and queuing theory is used to solve the decision-making problem of taxi driver whether to go to the airport to carry passengers. Using BP neural network model, this paper analyzes the influence of season, time, urban GDP, urban population, urban consumption level and other factors on the locomotive occupancy rate; analyzes the influence of airport location, weather, alternative means of transportation and other factors on the taxi selection rate, and obtains the demand of taxi based on the probability of different passenger pairs; compares the “storage pool” taxi The number of cars, according to the taxi driver’s minute salary level and working time, is predicted by queuing theory in the period of joining the “car storage pool waiting” and seeing off passengers, and the decision is made by comparing the expected income in the same period of time.