bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esophageal motility disorders on high‐resolution manometry: Chicago classification version 4.0©
Authors: Yadlapati Rena , Kahrilas Peter J. , Fox Mark R. , Bredenoord Albert J. , Prakash Gyawali C. , Roman Sabine , Babaei Arash , Mittal Ravinder K. , Rommel Nathalie , Savarino Edoardo , Sifrim Daniel , Smout André , Vaezi Michael F. , Zerbib Frank , Akiyama Junichi , Bhatia Shobna , Bor Serhat , Carlson Dustin A. , Chen Joan W. , Cisternas Daniel , Cock Charles , Coss‐Adame Enrique , de Bortoli Nicola , Defilippi Claudia , Fass Ronnie , Ghoshal Uday C. , Gonlachanvit Sutep , Hani Albis , Hebbard Geoffrey S. , Wook Jung Kee , Katz Philip , Katzka David A. , Khan Abraham , Kohn Geoffrey Paul , Lazarescu Adriana , Lengliner Johannes , Mittal Sumeet K. , Omari Taher , Park Moo In , Penagini Roberto , Pohl Daniel , Richter Joel E. , Serra Jordi , Sweis Rami , Tack Jan , Tatum Roger P. , Tutuian Radu , Vela Marcelo F. , Wong Reuben K. , Wu Justin C. , Xiao Yinglian , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChicago Classification v4.0 (CCv4.0) is the updated classification scheme for esophageal motility disorders using metrics from high‐resolution manometry (HRM). Fifty‐two diverse international experts separated into seven working subgroups utilized formal validated methodologies over two‐years to develop CCv4.0. Key updates in CCv.4.0 consist of a more rigorous and expansive HRM protocol that incorporates supine and upright test positions as well as provocative testing, a refined definition of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction (EGJOO), more stringent diagnostic criteria for ineffective esophageal motility and description of baseline EGJ metrics. Further, the CCv4.0 sought to define motility disorder diagnoses as conclusive and inconclusive based on associated symptoms, and findings on provocative testing as well as supportive testing with barium esophagram with tablet and/or functional lumen imaging probe. These changes attempt to minimize ambiguity in prior iterations of Chicago Classification and provide more standardized and rigorous criteria for patterns of disorders of peristalsis and obstruction at the EGJ.
Nutritional status in patients of mandibular osteoradionecrosis: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Huang Qiuyu , He Xingfang , Yang Wei‐fa , Ye Jingjing , Lin Zhumei , Xiong Caibing , Liang Yu‐jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a devastating complication secondary to the radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. The nutritional status of ORN patients is compromised, but remains rarely studied. We aimed to evaluate the overall nutritional status of patients with ORN and explore the risk factors behind poor nutrition.MethodsThis is a single‐institution cross‐sectional study. Patients diagnosed with ORN were consecutively recruited in a tertiary teaching hospital from July 2017 to August 2019. Multiple laboratory markers and physical indicators were examined to profile their nutritional status. The potential risk factors of poor nutrition were explored by logistic regression.ResultsA total of 107 patients with ORN were recruited. Among them, almost all patients (95.3%) had at least one laboratory marker lower than the normal physiological range. A total of 40 (37.5%) patients were categorized as undernutrition, who had lower serum albumin (mean difference: 1.8 ± 0.8 g/L; p = .02), prealbumin (mean difference: 26.8 ± 10.8 mg/L; p = .02), and BMI (3.8 ± 0.4 kg/m2; p < .0001) compared to patients of normal nutrition. Notably, the multivariate logistic regression indicated that patients with semi‐liquid diet had 14.41 (95% CI: 3.03–68.54, p = .001) times; patients with liquid diet had 5.70 (95% CI: 1.55–20.98, p = .009) times more likely to be in undernutrition, as compared to patients with regular diets.ConclusionsThis is the first study characterizing the poor nutritional status in ORN patients. Patients having semi‐liquid or liquid diets tended to have poorer nutritional status. The nutritional status of ORN patients should be underlined for professional nutritional supports so as to enhance their quality of life. More studies are warranted.
Efficacy of upgrading to left bundle branch pacing in patients with heart failure after right ventricular pacing
Authors: Qian Zhiyong , Wang Yao , Hou Xiaofeng , Qiu Yuanhao , Wu Hongping , Zhou Weihua , Zou Jiangang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic right ventricular (RV) pacing is associated with an increased incidence of heart failure and mortality. Left bundle branch (LBB) pacing could produce near‐physiological electrical activation and mechanical synchrony. We aimed to report the effects of upgrading to LBB pacing in heart failure patients after chronic RV pacing.MethodsThe indications included pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) in Group 1 and heart failure after RV pacing with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50% in Group 2. LBB pacing was achieved by penetrating the pacing lead to the subendocardium of left‐sided interventricular septum through the venous access. Left ventricular activation time (LVAT) was measured from the pacing stimulus to the ascending peak of lead V5 or V6. All patients underwent clinical and echocardiographic evaluations before and after upgrading.ResultsTotally 27 patients (13 in Group 1 and 14 in Group 2) were consecutively enrolled. The mean follow‐up time after upgrade was 10.4 ± 6.1 months. Paced QRS duration was significantly shortened from 174.1 ± 15.8 milliseconds to 116.6 ± 11.7 milliseconds (p < .0001). The mean LVAT was 83.2 ± 11.7 milliseconds. LVEF increased from 40.3 ± 5.2% before upgrading to 48.1 ± 9.5% at follow‐up in patients with PICM. Serum N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels decreased and New York Heart Association classification improved in both groups. No upgrade‐related complications were observed.ConclusionsUpgrading to LBB pacing was feasible and effective with improved cardiac function in heart failure patients with both reduced and preserved LVEF after RV pacing.
Wheat heat tolerance is impaired by heightened deletions in the distal end of 4AL chromosomal arm
Authors: Zhai Huijie , Jiang Congcong , Zhao Yue , Yang Shuling , Li Yiwen , Yan Kunfang , Wu Shuyu , Luo Bingke , Du Yi , Jin Huaibing , Liu Xin , Zhang Yanbin , Lu Fei , Reynolds Matthew , Ou Xingqi , Qiao Wenchen , Jiang Zhikai , Peng Tao , Gao Derong , Hu Wenjing , Wang Jiangchun , Gao Haitao , Yin Guihong , Zhang Kunpu , Li Guangwei , Wang Daowen 
Published: December 2020

SummaryHeat stress (HS) causes substantial damages to worldwide crop production. As a cool season crop, wheat (Triticum aestivum) is sensitive to HS‐induced damages. To support the genetic improvement of wheat HS tolerance (HST), we conducted fine mapping of TaHST1, a locus required for maintaining wheat vegetative and reproductive growth under elevated temperatures. TaHST1 was mapped to the distal terminus of 4AL chromosome arm using genetic populations derived from two BC6F6 breeding lines showing tolerance (E6015‐4T) or sensitivity (E6015‐3S) to HS. The 4AL region carrying TaHST1 locus was approximately 0.949 Mbp and contained the last 19 high confidence genes of 4AL according to wheat reference genome sequence. Resequencing of E6015‐3S and E6015‐4T and haplotype analysis of 3087 worldwide wheat accessions revealed heightened deletion polymorphisms in the distal 0.949 Mbp region of 4AL, which was confirmed by the finding of frequent gene losses in this region in eight genome‐sequenced hexaploid wheat cultivars. The great majority (86.36%) of the 3087 lines displayed different degrees of nucleotide sequence deletions, with only 13.64% of them resembling E6015‐4T in this region. These deletions can impair the presence and/or function of TaHST1 and surrounding genes, thus rendering global wheat germplasm vulnerable to HS or other environmental adversities. Therefore, conscientious and urgent efforts are needed in global wheat breeding programmes to optimize the structure and function of 4AL distal terminus by ensuring the presence of TaHST1 and surrounding genes. The new information reported here will help to accelerate the ongoing global efforts in improving wheat HST.
Part of the Narrative: Generic News Frames in the U.S. Recreational Marijuana Policy Subsystem
Authors: Brekken Katheryn C. , Fenley Vanessa M. 
Published: December 2020

In the growing body of research on policy change and in the relatively new frontier of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), the components comprising narratives' structure are still under construction. One opportunity for additional research relates to examining the role of frames. This article examines generic news frames used to report on ballot initiatives legalizing recreational marijuana in three states and conceptually orients these frames within NPF. Using a mixed methods analysis, the findings suggest that in the emerging U.S. recreational marijuana legalization policy subsystem, setting helped explain reporters' use of certain generic frames. The findings provide support for the inclusion of generic frames as part of NPF's narrative theory, open up potential for new research designs, and further clarify media's role in the development of policy narratives. From a practical perspective, the analysis contributes insight into how media inform constituents about new marijuana laws.Related ArticlesCrow, Deserai A., Lydia A. Lawhon, John Berggren, Juhi Huda, Elizabeth Koebele, and Adrianne Kroepsch. 2017. “A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis of Wildfire Policy Discussions in two Colorado Communities.” Politics & Policy 45 (4): 626‐656. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12207Fisk, Jonathan M., Joseph A. Vonasek, and Elvis Davis. 2018. “‘Pot’reneurial Politics: The Budgetary Highs and Lows of Recreational Marijuana Policy Innovation.” Politics & Policy 46 (2): 189‐208. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12246O'Donovan, Kristin Taylor. 2018. “Does the Narrative Policy Framework Apply to Local Policy Issues?” Politics & Policy 46 (4): 532‐570. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12265
LEADER and Spatial Justice
Authors: Shucksmith Mark , Brooks Elizabeth , Madanipour Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent papers have argued that spatial justice should be pursued through a place‐based approach, which enables local people to assert their own capacity to act and to pursue their own positive visions: an approach fundamental to LEADER. This paper considers the extent to which LEADER constitutes local action addressing spatial justice through a case study in England. Analysis of this case leads to questions about the extent to which apparent localism is constrained by ‘government at a distance’ and how this can affect the ability of LAGs to pursue spatial justice. It is suggested that LEADER displays a tension between network and hierarchy modes of governance, increasingly under control of hierarchy in this instance despite its origins as networked CLLD. The paper concludes that LEADER has potential to contribute to spatial justice – both distributive and procedural – but that this may be frustrated by the imposition of different priorities and controls at local or from higher levels. Further case studies will be required to investigate how widely this potential is realised or frustrated across Europe's varying national and local political contexts.
Experimental Two-Phase Flow Analysis Inside a Laboratory Scale Jet-Engine Combustion Chamber Using Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: von Langenthal Thomas , Zarzalis Nikolaos , Loukou Alexandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The characterization of the two-phase kerosene/air flow near the nozzle of an aero-engine combustor is important in order to understand the combustion characteristics of the burner. Typically, particle image velocimetry (PIV) or laser Doppler velocimetry is used to measure velocities inside aero-engine combustors. However, these measurement techniques rely on tracer particles to visualize the flow field and are usually only able to measure the velocity field of one phase at a time. In the case of PIV measurements, both the flow tracers and the kerosene droplets scatter the laser light, and thus appear on the PIV recordings. Depending on droplet size and flow velocity, these kerosene droplets do not necessarily follow the airflow leading to errors in the derived velocity field. This work presents a method on how to separate kerosene droplets from flow tracers depending on their optical characteristics in the PIV recording. This phase separation enables the independent measurement of the flow fields of both the gaseous and liquid phase at the same time as well as the instantaneous slip velocity between droplets and gaseous flow using a standard PIV setup. The method is demonstrated on a laboratory scale aero-engine combustor operated at atmospheric conditions. The obtained results show that in the setup under investigation, gaseous and liquid phase can have significantly different flow fields with kerosene droplets moving in the opposite direction of the recirculating airflow.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Flow Structure in Buoyancy-Dominated Rotating Cavities
Authors: Fazeli Seyed Mostafa , Kanjirakkad Vasudevan , Long Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The flow and heat transfers inside high-pressure (HP) compressor rotating cavities are buoyancy driven and are known to be extremely difficult to predict. The experimental data of laser-Doppler anemometry (LDA) measurements inside an engine representative cavity rig are presented in this paper. Traverses using a two component LDA system have been carried out in the shaft bore and the cavity regions in order to map the axial and tangential velocity components. The velocity data are collected for a range of Rossby, Rotational, and Axial Reynolds numbers, Ro, Reθ, and Rez, 0.08&lt;Ro&lt;0.64, 7×105&lt; Reθ&lt;2.83×106, and 1.2×104&lt; Rez&lt;4.8×104, respectively, and for values of the buoyancy parameter βΔT, 0.284&lt;βΔT&lt;0.55. Numerical study using unsteady Reynolds-averaged-Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations has been carried out to elucidate flow details for a few selected cases. The experimental results revealed that the Swirl number (Xk) varies from a value &lt; 1 near the bore to near solid body rotation at increased radii within the cavity. The analysis of frequency spectrum of the tangential velocity inside the cavities has also shown the existence of pairs of rotating and contra-rotating vortices. There is generally satisfactory agreement between measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. There is also convincing evidence of two or more separate regions in the flow dominated by the bore flow and rotation.
Systematic examination of preprint platforms for use in the medical and biomedical sciences setting
Authors: Kirkham Jamie J , Penfold Naomi C , Murphy Fiona , Boutron Isabelle , Ioannidis John P , Polka Jessica , Moher David 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe objective of this review is to identify all preprint platforms with biomedical and medical scope and to compare and contrast the key characteristics and policies of these platforms.Study design and settingPreprint platforms that were launched up to 25 June 2019 and have a biomedical and medical scope according to MEDLINE’s journal selection criteria were identified using existing lists, web-based searches and the expertise of both academic and non-academic publication scientists. A data extraction form was developed, pilot tested and used to collect data from each preprint platform’s webpage(s).ResultsA total of 44 preprint platforms were identified as having biomedical and medical scope, 17 (39%) were hosted by the Open Science Framework preprint infrastructure, 6 (14%) were provided by F1000 Research (the Open Research Central infrastructure) and 21 (48%) were other independent preprint platforms. Preprint platforms were either owned by non-profit academic groups, scientific societies or funding organisations (n=28; 64%), owned/partly owned by for-profit publishers or companies (n=14; 32%) or owned by individuals/small communities (n=2; 5%). Twenty-four (55%) preprint platforms accepted content from all scientific fields although some of these had restrictions relating to funding source, geographical region or an affiliated journal’s remit. Thirty-three (75%) preprint platforms provided details about article screening (basic checks) and 14 (32%) of these actively involved researchers with context expertise in the screening process. Almost all preprint platforms allow submission to any peer-reviewed journal following publication, have a preservation plan for read access and most have a policy regarding reasons for retraction and the sustainability of the service.ConclusionA large number of preprint platforms exist for use in biomedical and medical sciences, all of which offer researchers an opportunity to rapidly disseminate their research findings onto an open-access public server, subject to scope and eligibility.
Implementing telehealth support to increase physical activity in girls and women with Rett syndrome—ActivRett: protocol for a waitlist randomised controlled trial
Authors: Downs Jenny , Lotan Meir , Elefant Cochavit , Leonard Helen , Wong Kingsley , Buckley Nicholas , Stahlhut Michelle 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionIndividuals with Rett syndrome (RTT) experience impaired gross motor skills, limiting their capacity to engage in physical activities and participation in activities. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of supported physical activity interventions. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a telehealth-delivered physical activity programme on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and quality of life in RTT.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre study, conducted in Australia, Denmark and Israel. It is a randomised waitlist-controlled trial comparing an intervention to support physical activity with usual care. Participants are children and adults with RTT, recruited from the Australian Rett Syndrome Database, the Danish Center for Rett Syndrome and the Rett Syndrome Association of Israel. The intervention duration is 12 weeks, including fortnightly telephone contact to plan, monitor and develop individual activity programmes. Outcomes are measured at baseline, at 13 weeks and then at 25 weeks. The primary outcomes are sedentary behaviour assessed with an activPAL accelerometer and the number of daily steps measured with a StepWatch Activity Monitor. Secondary outcomes include sleep, behaviour and quality of life. Caregiver experiences will be assessed immediately after the intervention using a satisfaction questionnaire. Group differences for each outcome will be evaluated with analysis of covariance, adjusting for baseline values on an intention-to-treat basis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained in Western Australia from the Child and Adolescent Health Services (RGS3371), in Denmark from the Capital Region Ethics Committee (H-19040514) and in Israel from the Ariel University Institutional Review Board (AU-HEA-ML-20190331). Manuscripts on the development of the intervention from pilot work and the results of the intervention will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals. Results will be presented at conferences and consumer forums. We will develop an online resource documenting the physical activity programme and available supporting evidence.Trial registration numberNCT04167059; Pre-results.
Biomarkers for length of hospital stay, changes in muscle mass, strength and physical function in older medical patients: protocol for the Copenhagen PROTECT study—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kamper Rikke S , Schultz Martin , Hansen Sofie K , Andersen Helle , Ekmann Anette , Nygaard Hanne , Helland Fredrik , Wejse Miriam R , Rahbek Camilla B , Noerst Tim , Pressel Eckart , Nielsen Finn Erland , Suetta Charlotte 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionSarcopenia is generally used to describe the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of physical frailty and functional impairment that may occur with old age. The knowledge surrounding the prevalence and determinants of sarcopenia in older medical patients is scarce, and it is unknown whether specific biomarkers can predict physical deconditioning during hospitalisation. We hypothesise that a combination of clinical, functional and circulating biomarkers can serve as a risk stratification tool and can (i) identify older acutely ill medical patients at risk of prolonged hospital stays and (ii) predict changes in muscle mass, muscle strength and function during hospitalisation.Method and analysisThe Copenhagen PROTECT study is a prospective cohort study consisting of acutely ill older medical patients admitted to the acute medical ward at Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark. Assessments are performed within 24 hours of admission and include blood samples, body composition, muscle strength, physical function and questionnaires. A subgroup of patients transferred to the Geriatric Department are included in a smaller geriatric cohort and have additional assessments at discharge to evaluate the relative change in circulating biomarker concentrations, body composition, muscle strength and physical function during hospitalisation. Enrolment commenced 4 November 2019, and proceeds until August 2021.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the local ethics committee of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg (H-19039214) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (P-2019-239) and all experimental procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Findings from the project, regardless of the outcome, will be published in relevant peer-reviewed scientific journals in online (www.clinicaltrials.gov).Trial registration numberNCT04151108
Medical Marijuana and Opioids (MEMO) Study: protocol of a longitudinal cohort study to examine if medical cannabis reduces opioid use among adults with chronic pain
Authors: Cunningham Chinazo O , Starrels Joanna L , Zhang Chenshu , Bachhuber Marcus A , Sohler Nancy L , Levin Frances R , Minami Haruka , Slawek Deepika E , Arnsten Julia H 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionIn the USA, opioid analgesic use and overdoses have increased dramatically. One rapidly expanding strategy to manage chronic pain in the context of this epidemic is medical cannabis. Cannabis has analgesic effects, but it also has potential adverse effects. Further, its impact on opioid analgesic use is not well studied. Managing pain in people living with HIV is particularly challenging, given the high prevalence of opioid analgesic and cannabis use. This study’s overarching goal is to understand how medical cannabis use affects opioid analgesic use, with attention to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol content, HIV outcomes and adverse events.Methods and analysesWe are conducting a cohort study of 250 adults with and without HIV infection with (a) severe or chronic pain, (b) current opioid use and (c) who are newly certified for medical cannabis in New York. Over 18 months, we collect data via in-person visits every 3 months and web-based questionnaires every 2 weeks. Data sources include: questionnaires; medical, pharmacy and Prescription Monitoring Program records; urine and blood samples; and physical function tests. Using marginal structural models and comparisons within participants’ 2-week time periods (unit of analysis), we will examine how medical cannabis use (primary exposure) affects (1) opioid analgesic use (primary outcome), (2) HIV outcomes (HIV viral load, CD4 count, antiretroviral adherence, HIV risk behaviours) and (3) adverse events (cannabis use disorder, illicit drug use, diversion, overdose/deaths, accidents/injuries, acute care utilisation).Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine institutional review board. Findings will be disseminated through conferences, peer-reviewed publications and meetings with medical cannabis stakeholders.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03268551); Pre-results.