bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of micro-RNAs miR-31, miR-146a, miR-181c and miR-155 and their target gene IL-2 are altered in schizophrenia: a case-control study
Authors: Ghazaryan Hovsep , Zakharyan Roksana , Petrek Martin , Navratilova Zdenka , Chavushyan Andranik , Novosadova Eva , Arakelyan Arsen 
Published: December 2019

Background:Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype. The association of interleukins and other cytokines and their receptors with schizophrenia has been previously reported. Additionally, a number of studies have reported altered mico-RNA (miRNA) expression in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. The aim of our study was to explore the possible association of miR-31, miR-146a, miR-181c and miR-155 with schizophrenia pathogenesis, as well as their link toIL2gene expression in disease.Methods: For this case-control study, 225 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 225 sex- and age-matched controls with no family history of schizophrenia were recruited. The expression of studied miRNAs and theIL2gene was measured using qPCR. DNA samples of all patients and controls were genotyped forIL2rs2069778 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using PCR with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). Statistical analyses include the Mann-Whitney U-test and Fischer’s exact test.Results: All studied miRNAs were over-expressed in schizophrenic patientsIL2gene expression was down-regulated in schizophrenic patients. TheIL2rs2069778 SNP is not associated with schizophrenia but regulates expression of theIL2 gene.Conclusions: Over-expression of studied miRNAs and down-regulation ofIL2gene expression may be considered as genetic risk factors for chronic schizophrenia. Abnormalities in studied miRNA expressions result in the deregulation of the T-cell receptor signaling pathway in schizophrenia.
PYLFIRE: Python implementation of likelihood-free inference by ratio estimation
Authors: Kokko Jan , Remes Ulpu , Thomas Owen , Pesonen Henri , Corander Jukka 
Published: December 2019

Likelihood-free inference for simulator-based models is an emerging methodological branch of statistics which has attracted considerable attention in applications across diverse fields such as population genetics, astronomy and economics. Recently, the power of statistical classifiers has been harnessed in likelihood-free inference to obtain either point estimates or even posterior distributions of model parameters. Here we introduce PYLFIRE, an open-source Python implementation of the inference method LFIRE (likelihood-free inference by ratio estimation) that uses penalised logistic regression. PYLFIRE is made available as part of the general ELFI inference software http://elfi.ai to benefit both the user and developer communities for likelihood-free inference.
The <i>Hamlet</i> First Quarto (1603) & the Play of Typography
Authors: Boeckeler Erika Mary 
Published: December 2019

I argue that the First Quarto of Hamlet (1603)expresses a more intense sensitivity to polysemous typography than has been critically articulated. The orthography, typography, and layout functioned as rich sources of meaning-making for early modern readers, poets, and publishers. Performances happened on the playtext page that were often unavailable in a live theatrical setting. This article makes a crucial critical intervention in recuperating the poetic value of Q1, a text that has historically generated interest mostly within analytical bibliography, performance studies, and character studies. Readers were sensitive to how visual wordplay activated important themes to which my critical analysis attends.
Ultraviolet trifrequency Rayleigh DWL for stratosphere atmospheric wind measurements during the daytime based on an ultranarrow-bandwidth optical receiver
Authors: Han Fei , Han Yuli , Sun Dongsong , Hu Mingyong , Liu Hengjia , Zhou Anran , Zhang Nannan , Jiang Shan , Chu Jiaqi , Zheng Jun , Lan Jiaxin 
Published: December 2019

An ultranarrow-bandwidth-optical-receiver-based ultraviolet trifrequency Rayleigh Doppler wind lidar (DWL) technology is proposed that is able to simultaneously detect stratospheric wind with high precision during the daytime. The lidar system is designed, and the principle of wind measurement is analyzed. An ultranarrow-bandwidth element used for suppressing strong background light is designed as an important part of the ultranarrow-bandwidth optical receiver. A three-channel Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) is capable of measuring wind speed. A non-polarized beam splitter cube optically contacted on the three-channel FPI can offer a stable splitting ratio. The parameters of the three-channel FPI are optimized. The structure and parameters of the ultranarrow-bandwidth element are designed, and the transmission curve is measured. The transmission curve and stability of the three-channel FPI are validated. The background photon number is collected with the ultranarrow-bandwidth element and with an interference filter (IF) alternately from 08:00 to 18:00. Based on the selected system parameters and measured background photon number, the detection performance of the proposed lidar is simulated. Simulation results show that with 200 m range resolution from 15 to 25 km, 500 m range resolution from 25 to 40 km, and 30 min total accumulation time for paired line-of-sight (LOS) measurement, within

±

100

m

/

s

LOS wind speed range, the daytime LOS wind speed error is below 4.77 m/s from 15 to 40 km altitude. Compared with the traditional IF-based dual-FPI Rayleigh Doppler lidar, the wind speed accuracies are improved by 1.29–16.29 times and the detection altitudes are improved from 23.55 to 40 km with the same wind-detecting precision.
Laser-induced spatially-selective tailoring of high-index dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Berzinš Jonas , Indrišiūnas Simonas , Fasold Stefan , Steinert Michael , Žukovskaja Olga , Cialla-May Dana , Gečys Paulius , Bäumer Stefan M. B. , Pertsch Thomas , Setzpfandt Frank 
Published: December 2019

Optically resonant high-index dielectric metasurfaces featuring Mie-type electric and magnetic resonances are usually fabricated by means of planar technologies, which limit the degrees of freedom in tunability and scalability of the fabricated systems. Therefore, we propose a complimentary post-processing technique based on ultrashort (≤ 10 ps) laser pulses. The process involves thermal effects: crystallization and reshaping, while the heat is localized by a high-precision positioning of the focused laser beam. Moreover, for the first time, the resonant behavior of dielectric metasurface elements is exploited to engineer a specific absorption profile, which leads to a spatially-selective heating and a customized modification. Such technique has the potential to reduce the complexity in the fabrication of non-uniform metasurface-based optical elements. Two distinct cases, a spatial pixelation of a large-scale metasurface and a height modification of metasurface elements, are explicitly demonstrated.
In Vitro Conversion Assays Diagnostic for Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies
Authors: Singh Serena , DeMarco Mari L 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn vitro conversion assays, including real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) techniques, were first developed to study the conversion process of the prion protein to its misfolded, disease-associated conformation. The intrinsic property of prion proteins to propagate their misfolded structure was later exploited to detect subfemtogram quantities of the misfolded protein present in tissues and fluids from humans and animals with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Currently, conversion assays are used clinically as sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for antemortem diagnosis of prion disease.ContentIn vitro conversion assays are now being applied to the development of diagnostics for related neurodegenerative diseases, including detection of misfolded α-synuclein in Parkinson disease, misfolded amyloid-β in Alzheimer disease, and misfolded tau in Pick disease. Like the predicate prion protein in vitro conversion diagnostics, these assays exploit the ability of endogenously misfolded proteins to induce misfolding and aggregation of their natively folded counterpart in vitro. This property enables biomarker detection of the underlying protein pathology. Herein, we review RT-QuIC and PMCA for (a) prion-, (b) α-synuclein-, (c) amyloid-β-, and (d) tau-opathies.SummaryAlthough already in routine clinical use for the detection of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, in vitro conversion assays for other neurodegenerative disorders require further development and evaluation of diagnostic performance before consideration for clinical implementation.
Forgotten solidarities in the Atelier Populaire posters
Authors: Memou Antigoni 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines some of the 'forgotten' posters of the Atelier Populaire, which were collectively produced by artists, workers, students and activists among others in the occupied Beaux-Arts school during the events of May '68. The article argues that alternative visual narratives are to be discovered in these posters, which break away from the representations of the events as youth revolt and the geographical reduction of the events to Paris and the Cartier Latin. Looking at them anew allows us to rediscover the unique solidarity among students, workers, farmers, the migrant workers and the unemployed, and to decipher the anti-capitalist character of the movement and its global dimensions.
May '68 on film: The renaissance of a political past
Authors: Besnard-Scott Laurence 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Simone Weil's view that 'there is more of eternity in the past than in the present' may appear unexpected from a writer who is mostly known for her revolutionary and progressive texts, for she seems to defend a regression to a lost past; at least at first reading and if one solely reads it from a historicist perspective. On closer look, her reflections on time, originally written in French in the mid-1950s, are strangely relevant to our present time and its tendency to patronize the past. The 1968 events, and how we tend to perceive them in the now, are a case in point. Exploring the legacy of this collective protest as recorded on documentary films provides us with the opportunity to rediscover a particular kind of political activism that seems to be absent today, either absorbed into a broader mainstream culture, discredited as utopian or reduced to mere anachronism. Why should these artefacts still be viewed as evidence of the real world? And how do they materialize and sustain protest memory?
Continuum Generation by Generation: The representation of Chinese traditions at the China Pavilion of the 57th Venice Biennale
Authors: De Nigris Ornella 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on the China pavilion of the 57th Venice Biennale as a case study. The theme of the pavilion, Continuum – Generation by Generation, revolved around the long history of Chinese tradition and offered a visual re-elaboration of it by means of contemporary art and folk art. The works exhibited drew on Chinese mythology, masterpieces of Chinese art history, philosophical concepts and handcraft traditions, hence presenting a variegated image of (contemporary) Chinese art. This exhibition offers opportunities for a critical reading of the relationship between contemporary art and tradition implied by the theme Continuum, and I will explore the narrative and curatorial discourse it presented to the audience.
The effect of managers’ power on employees’ entrepreneurship: an empirical study in the public offices of Iran
Authors: Mahbobkhah Farhad 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of managers’ power on employees’ entrepreneurship in the public offices by using five dimensions of power (Coercive, expert, legitimate, referent, and reward) to give constructive suggestions for situation improvement through identifying powers affecting employees' entrepreneurship.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Considering the research objective, it is an applied study, and regarding data collection and the data analysis method, it is a descriptive-correlational study which has analyzed data through structural equations modeling with partial least squares (PLS) approach. Data were collected using two questionnaires including managers’ power and employees’ entrepreneurship. A sample of 600 employees was selected from the public offices of Iran. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Amos software.
Results: The finding revealed that reward power, referent power, expert power and legitimate power had a positive and significant effect on employees’ entrepreneurship, but the coercive power had not significant effect on it.
Limitations: Among limitations of the current research are the big size of the statistical population that made it difficult to collect data, as well as the existence of different cultures in the statistical population which could partly affect the results of the research.
Practical implications: Research findings can be used to improve the entrepreneurship of employees in government organization.
Originality/value: Authors confirm that the current research and its results are genuine and have been published nowhere so far. The proposed structural model in the current research can be used in government departments and improve the entrepreneurship status of employees in the organization.
Contingent Valuation of Lake Rawapening as a Source of Drinking Water
Authors: Irawan Evi 
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) of local residents, by applying the contingent valuation method as a surcharge on their water bill, for a given improvement of lake ecosystem for ensuring the sustainability of freshwater supply in term quantity and quality as demanded by public water utility. The survey was conducted in Semarang regency involving 116 respondents in three villages that received clean water services from Lake Rawapening. The mean of WTP was estimated to be 6,055.54 rupiahs (0.433 US$) per month for each household, approximately equivalent to 9.26% of the average monthly water bill of the households. The results revealed that younger and educated respondents, households with higher income and with fewer members were, on average, were willing to pay more. This study also demonstrated that households’ ownership of groundwater wells was a hindering factor for contributing to improving lake’s ecosystem. The results of this study can assist decision-makers to understand the public demand for improved Lake Rawapening ecosystem and to formulate better environmental policies.
Economics of the Broken Window Theory
Authors: Berg Nathan , Kim Jeong-Yoo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we argue that there is strategic complementarity in criminal behavior. Strategic complementarity arises because the apprehension probability that affects the crime rate depends on the crime rate itself. The natural consequence is the possible multiplicity of the equilibrium crime rate. The actual crime rate is realized by the self-fulfilling nature of the crime rate. Our analysis provides an economic rationalization of the broken window theory as the result of strategic complementarity and self-fulfilling crime rates. Regardless of how effective polices prescribed by the broken window theory are (e.g. removing graffiti, reducing trash in the street, and repairing broken windows), our model demonstrates the theory’s important contribution of introducing to the economics of crime the idea of belief-based deterrence. We also show that the equilibrium crime rate is stable whenever the broken window policy targets the lowest among multiple equilibrium crime rates.
The superposition operator in the space of functions continuous and converging at infinity on the real half-axis
Authors: Rzepka Beata , Ścibisz Justyna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We will consider the so-called superposition operator in the space CC(ℝ+) of real functions defined, continuous on the real half-axis ℝ+ and converging to finite limits at infinity.
We will assume that the function f = f(t, x) generating the mentioned superposition operator is locally uniformly continuous with respect to the variable x uniformly for t ∈ ℝ+. Moreover, we require that the function t → f(t, x) satisfies the Cauchy condition at infinity uniformly with respect to the variable x. Under the above indicated assumptions a few properties of the superposition operator in question are derived. Examples illustrating our considerations will be included.
Pseudo almost periodic solutions for a class of differential equation with delays depending on state
Authors: Zhao Hou Yu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the exponential dichotomy, and Tikhonov and Banach fixed point theorems are used to study the existence and uniqueness of pseudo almost periodic solutions of a class of iterative functional differential equations of the form$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle x'(t)=\sum_{n=1}^k\sum_{l=1}^\infty C_{l, n}(t)(x^{[n]}(t))^l+G(t), \end{array}$$wherex[n](t) denotesnth iterate ofx(t).
Fiscal policy and the output costs of sovereign default
Authors: Durán Leyre Gómez-Oliveros , Niemann Stefan , Pichler Paul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We introduce fiscal policy into a sovereign debt model with endogenous default costs and examine the implications for the determination of the output costs of default. We find that the quantitative properties of the output costs of default, and their dependence on primitives such as the elasticity of labor supply, are distinctly different depending on the margin of fiscal adjustment. The consideration of fiscal policy thus has potentially important implications for the quantitative properties of models of sovereign debt and default.
First record of Acanthosiphonia echinata (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea, molecular and morphological characterization
Authors: Wolf Marion A. , Buosi Alessandro , Sfriso Adriano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study we report the first finding of the red algaAcanthosiphonia echinatain the Mediterranean Sea. Specimens were identified using the DNA barcoding method and, in particular, the plastidialrbcL and the mitochondrial COI-5P markers. This species has been considered to be restricted to the western Atlantic and was reported in blooms from North Carolina to South Carolina. In 2015 the introduction of this species in Southeast Asia (Indonesia) was reported. Probably this taxon was introduced in the Mediterranean Sea from Indonesian populations associated with seaweed farming activities or hull fouling, via the western Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indonesia ship route.
Evaluating the need for free glycerol blanking for serum triglyceride measurements at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital
Authors: van Heerden Carla , Magwete Agnes , Mabuza Dineo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The accurate and precise measurement of triglycerides is important due to the adverse effects associated with hypertriglyceridaemia. Most laboratory methods are based on enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides with measurement of the total glycerol. An elevated free glycerol concentration may result in overestimation of triglyceride concentrations. The removal of free glycerol by blanking may therefore be of clinical importance. The aim of this study was to compare the glycerol blanking and non-glycerol blanking triglyceride methods.

Methods
This was a method comparison study of 1518 samples from both in-patients and out-patients at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Triglycerides were measured in each sample using both the blanking and the non-blanking methods. Analytical performance was assessed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) goals. Clinical impact was assessed according to the NCEP Adult Treatment Program III (ATP III) risk classification.

Results
The method median was significantly higher in the non-blanking compared to the blanking method (1.33 vs. 1.12 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) in all patients. The average bias was above the total allowable error of 15% across all groups. There was a significant change in NCEP ATP III risk classification, with fewer patients classified as normal (67.6% vs. 74.6%, p < 0.0001) with the non-blanking method compared to the blanking method.

Conclusions
There was a significant error when glycerol blanking for triglyceride determination was not performed. The non-blanking triglyceride method overestimates triglyceride concentrations. This does not only exceed analytical performance goals, but also impacts on patient categorisation and clinical decision making in all patients.
A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
Authors: Zhou Jin-Hui , Shi Mao-Jian , Ding Lin , ShangGuan Guo-Qiang , Xu Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe crystal structures of the title compound, C27H26ClN3O2, were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction. The simulated annealing approach and rigid-body Rietveld refinement were applied to the structure solution from powder data. Direct methods and full-matrix least-squares techniques were used to solve and refine the crystal structure from single-crystal data. The title compound crystallized in space group P
$\bar{1}$
with lattice parameters a=17.396(7) Å, b= 10.010(4) Å, c=6.833(3) Å, α=77.345(12) °, β= 93.534(6) °, γ=97.210(9) °, unit-cell volume V= 1151.0(2) Å3, Z=2 from powder data, and in space group P $\bar{1}$with lattice parameters α=82.485(2) °, β= 86.5110(10) °, γ=77.518(2) °, a=6.8159(6) Å, b= 10.0003(9) Å, c=17.4140(15) Å, unit-cell volume V =1148.3(2) Å3, Z=2 from single-crystal data. No detectable impurities were observed.
Subsidence is determined in the heart of the Central Valley using Post Processed Static and Precise Point Positioning techniques
Authors: Facio Y. , Berber M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Post Processed Static (PPS) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques are not new; however, they have been refined over the decades. As such, today these techniques are offered online via GPS (Global Positioning System) data processing services. In this study, one Post Processed Static (OPUS) and one Precise Point Positioning (CSRS-PPP) technique is used to process 24 h GPS data for a CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations) station (P565) duration of year 2016. By analyzing the results sent by these two online services, subsidence is determined for the location of CORS station, P565, as 3–4 cm for the entire year of 2016. In addition, precision of these two techniques is determined as ∼2 cm. Accuracy of PPS and PPP results is 0.46 cm and 1.21 cm, respectively. Additionally, these two techniques are compared and variations between them is determined as 2.5 cm.