bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel study of structural reliability analysis and optimization for super parametric convex model
Authors: Meng Zeng , Wan Hua‐Ping , Sheng Zilu , Li Gang 
Published: May 2020

SummaryOwing to the severe technological competition and high demand for safety estimation in complex physic and engineering systems, reliability analysis has drawn more and more attention. The regular non‐probabilistic reliability analysis assumes that experimental data are enclosed by ellipse and rectangle; however, this appears inconsistent with various types of uncertain sources. In this article, a novel definition for non‐probabilistic reliability is provided for structures based on super parameteric convex model, which is formulated as the ratio of the multidimensional volume located in the safety domain to that of the total super parametric volume. Subsequently, a sampling method is proposed based on Monte Carlo simulation as a reference algorithm. To improve the efficiency, a first‐order calculation method is developed to solve the reliability model using a linear approximation of the limit state function. Furthermore, a second‐order calculation method is constructed to improve the reliability calculation precision with high nonlinearity, and a new non‐probabilistic reliability‐based design optimization method is established accordingly. Six numerical examples are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Transient analysis of three‐dimensional dynamic interaction between multilayered soil and rigid foundation
Authors: Han Zejun , Yang Linqing , Fang Hongyuan , Zhang Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study of dynamic soil‐structure interaction is significant to civil engineering applications, such as machine foundation vibration, traffic‐induced vibration, and seismic dynamic response. The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is a semi‐analytical algorithm, which is used to solve the dynamic response of a three‐dimensional infinite soil. It can automatically satisfy the radiation boundary condition at infinity. Based on the dynamic stiffness matrix equation obtained by the modified SBFEM, a continued fraction algorithm is proposed to solve the dynamic stiffness matrix of layered soil in the frequency‐domain. Then, the SBFEM was coupled with the finite element method (FEM) at the interface to solve the dynamic stiffness matrices of the rigid surface/buried foundation. Finally, the mixed‐variable algorithm was used to solve the three‐dimensional transient dynamic response of the foundation in the time domain. Numerical examples were performed to verify the accuracy of the proposed algorithm in solving the dynamic stiffness matrix of the infinite domain in the frequency domain and the dynamic transient displacement response of the foundation in the time domain. Compared with the previous numerical integration technique, the dynamic stiffness matrix in the frequency domain calculated by using the proposed algorithm has higher accuracy and higher efficiency.
An epidemiological study of a patient population, triage category allocations and principal diagnosis within the emergency centres of a private healthcare group in the Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Dippenaar Enrico 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo describe, compare and correlate the number of patients seen, their demographics, triage category allocations and principal diagnosis in four emergency centres; to better understand the patient population and triage practices in this setting.DesignAn observational, cross‐sectional, epidemiological study.MethodsElectronic medical records were retrospectively evaluated from patients triaged in each of the four emergency centres over six months. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patient demographics and variance between triage category allocations.ResultsA total of 56,984 patient records were captured, with an equal gender split and the workforce being the largest patient population (20–50 years). Acute upper respiratory infection was the most prolific diagnosis, and lower acuity triage categories were allocated the most. There were inconsistencies in the application of triage systems between the emergency centres, the most obvious being the variance in triage system selection and application.
Badger vaccination in England: Progress, operational effectiveness and participant motivations
Authors: Benton Clare H. , Phoenix Jess , Smith Freya A. P. , Robertson Andrew , McDonald Robbie A. , Wilson Gavin , Delahay Richard J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

In 2010 a vaccine was licensed for use in badgers in the United Kingdom to reduce the severity of Mycobacterium bovis infection, and hence the risks of onward transmission to cattle. National legislation was enacted to allow its deployment by lay persons, but the efficiency and feasibility of badger vaccination has been the subject of ongoing debate.

We conducted quantitative analysis on badger vaccination records and undertook interviews and participant observation on a sample of vaccination project participants in order to investigate (a) progress in the deployment of badger vaccination in England, (b) the trapping efficiency and coverage achieved by non‐government groups, (c) motivations of participants involved in vaccination projects and (d) barriers to wider implementation.

Between 2010 and 2015 the number and distribution of vaccine deployment projects increased substantially, spreading from two to 17 English counties.

Estimates of badger trapping efficiency for non‐government groups did not differ from those achieved by highly experienced government operatives. Our estimate of vaccine coverage (i.e. the average proportion of the target badger population vaccinated during an operation) was 57% (range 48%–63%).

Interviews and participant observation revealed a range of motivations among individuals involved in badger vaccination including disease control, demonstration of an alternative to badger culling and personal or professional development. Barriers to wider adoption of badger vaccination expressed by interviewees related primarily to a perceived lack of confidence among farmers and landowners in the effectiveness of badger vaccination for bTB control, but also to the limited availability of funding.

Our study suggests that badger vaccination led by non‐governmental groups is practically feasible, and may achieve levels of coverage consistent with disease control benefits. Wider uptake of badger vaccination across England might potentially be achieved by addressing the knowledge gap of the effect of badger vaccination on cattle TB, working closely with farmers and vets to better communicate the evidence base (in order to increase confidence in badger vaccination as a viable disease management approach), and by increased financial support for new initiatives and the scaling up of existing projects.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A spatial analysis of childhood cancer and industrial air pollution in a metropolitan area of Colombia
Authors: Valbuena‐Garcia Ana Maria , Rodriguez‐Villamizar Laura Andrea , Uribe‐Pérez Claudia Janeth , Moreno‐Corzo Feisar Enrique , Ortiz‐Martinez Rafael Gustavo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAir pollutants are considered carcinogenic to humans. In some European countries, an association between industrial air pollution and childhood cancer has been established. This relationship has not been addressed in Latin America, despite the spatial variability of air pollutants that may limit the extrapolation of the results to other geographical areas.ObjectiveTo conduct a spatial analysis of the relationship between childhood cancer and proximity to industrial sources of air pollution in a metropolitan area of Colombia.MethodsIncident cases of childhood cancers were obtained from the Population‐based Cancer Registry of the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga during 2000‐2015. Local and focused cluster tests were used for the detection of spatial clusters, and the Poisson multivariable model was used to evaluate the combined effects of spatial variables.ResultsThe Kulldorff's focused test found a significant spatial cluster (P < 0.001) around one industrial agglomerate and the multivariable model results suggests that the distance effect is modified by the directional effect of the wind.ConclusionA spatial cluster of incident cases of childhood cancer occurred in the municipality of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Our finding supports the hypothesis that childhood cancer might be related with industrial air pollution exposure in a Latin American city.
Effective enhancement of selectivities and capacities for CO2 over CH4 and N2 of polymers of intrinsic microporosity via postsynthesis metalation
Authors: Ling Honglei , Qazvini Omid T. , Telfer Shane G. , Jin Jianyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of metalized C‐PIM‐M (M = Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, PIMs = polymers of intrinsic microporosity) materials were prepared from a carboxyl‐functionalized PIM (C‐PIMs). The C‐PIM‐Na exhibited a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 2.44 mmol/g and extreme low CH4 uptake of 0.28 mmol/g at 273 K and 101 kPa among three metallated PIMs. It showed remarkably high CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivities at both 273 and 293 K due to an advantageous pore‐blocking effect of Na+ cation.
Disclosure of water roles in gliding arc plasma reforming of methanol for hydrogen production
Authors: Lian Hao‐Yu , Liu Jing‐Lin , Li Xiao‐Song , Zhu Ai‐Min 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo disclose water roles in plasma reforming of methanol for hydrogen production, gliding arc discharge characteristics, optical emission spectra, and reaction behavior are investigated over a water concentration range of 0–95 mol%. It can be concluded that the varied reaction behavior with water concentration derives from three water roles as a homogeneous catalyst, CO oxidant, and side‐product. The former two roles of water are beneficial for hydrogen production. The side‐product role of water, accompanied by hydrocarbons formation, which is disadvantageous to hydrogen production and can be almost fully inhibited by the homogeneous catalysis of water at above 33 mol% H2O. As an oxidant, water conversion is controlled by the thermodynamic equilibrium at the gas temperature of arc.
Effect of Pre‐Strain Aging on the Microdamage Properties of Composite Solid Propellant
Authors: Zhou Dong‐Mo , Wu Han‐Xu , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Zhang Peng‐Jun , Wang Hui‐Yuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccelerated aging tests under pre‐strain were conducted on HTPB‐based composite solid propellant with the goal of investigating the effect of pre‐strain aging on its microdamage properties. The tensile fracture morphologies, stress‐strain curve and dissipative energy density of propellant samples were analyzed. Results showed that there was no obvious dewetting macroscopically when the pre‐strain was less than 9 %, but the pre‐strain can still cause microdamage of propellant interface. The microdamage of propellant interface can be characterized by the critical dewetting strain, corresponded to pre‐strain by a linear law. The bonding performance between HTPB propellant matrix and solid filler was mainly affected by aging temperature. There was a critical temperature TC, For the HTPB propellant investigated in this study, the TC is between 65 °C and 70 °C. When aging temperature is below TC, there was no significant decrease in the overall levels of dissipated energy density, but decrease began significantly when the aging temperature is above TC.
Detrimental sublethal effects hamper the effective use of natural and chemical pesticides in combination with a key natural enemy of Bemisia tabaci on tomato
Authors: Soares Marianne A , Carvalho Geraldo A , Campos Mateus R , Passos Luis C , Haro Marcelo M , Lavoir Anne‐Violette , Biondi Antonio , Zappalà Lucia , Desneux Nicolas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) represents one of the greatest threats to agricultural crops. Chemical control is the primary tool used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs. However, release of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) on tomato plants is a highly recommended control tactic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial borax plus citrus oil (BCO) product against B. tabaci in the presence and absence of N. tenuis. The synthetic insecticide lambda‐cyhalothrin was used as a positive control. We also evaluated the sublethal effects of BCO on the behavior and predation rate of N. tenuis.ResultsOur results demonstrated that BCO, alone and at its maximum recommended field rate for B. tabaci, was not effective in controlling the pest under laboratory conditions. Application of BCO simultaneous with N. tenuis release did not reduce the increase in the B. tabaci population. Effective control of B. tabaci was achieved using only N. tenuis. However, synthetic lambda‐cyhalothrin pyrethroid, used here as a control, caused high pest mortality and led to on‐site extinction of N. tenuis, which did not occur for insects exposed to BCO. Lambda‐cyhalothrin and BCO significantly affected the foraging behavior of N. tenuis, reducing the predation rate, especially following exposure to lambda‐cyhalothrin.ConclusionThe insecticide lambda‐cyhalothrin achieved satisfactory results in suppressing B. tabaci, but was harmful to N. tenuis. Additionally, lambda‐cyhalothrin and BCO affected predator behavior. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
8‐Amido‐BODIPYs: Synthesis, Structure and Optical Properties Illustrating Amine to Amide, Blue to Green Emission
Authors: Saucedo Laura I. , Roacho Robinson I. , Tu Peiyu , Metta‐Magaña Alejandro J. , Belmonte‐Vázquez José L. , Peña‐Cabrera Eduardo , Pannell Keith H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTreatment of 8‐NH2‐BODIPY, 1 a, (BODIPY=boron, difluoro[2‐[(2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ylidene‐κN)methyl]‐1H‐pyrrolato‐κN]‐) with NaH, followed by addition of acylchlorides, R.‐C(=O)Cl, R=CH3, CH2Cl, Ph, produces the corresponding 8‐amido‐BODIPYs, RC(=O)NH‐BODIPYs in good yield, R=Me, 2 (62 %); ClCH2, 3 (52 %); Ph, 4 (74 %). Structural and spectroscopic analyses indicate a lack of N‐lone pair delocalization to the BODIPY core (normally exhibited by the parent 8‐amino‐BODIPYs) as a result of the BODIPY‐NH+=CR‐O− contribution to the amide structure. The new materials 2, 3, and 4 exhibit C8‐N bond lengths significantly longer than the those in related 8‐amino‐BODIPYs, average 1.407 Å vs 1.327 Å; and the N‐Cacyl bond lengths in the region associated with regular amides, average 1.38 Å. This lack of 8‐N‐BODIPY pi interaction results in a significant bathochromic shift in the absorbance spectra (modelled by empirically corrected Time Dependent‐Density Functional Theory (TD‐DFT) calculations) and removes the well‐established blue emission for 8‐amino‐BODIPYs and the new materials revert to the “normal” green emission generally noted for 8‐substituted‐BODIPYs.
Synthesis and Oxidation Reactions of Thiazol‐2‐thione‐fused 1,4‐Dihydro‐1,4‐diphosphinines
Authors: Begum Imtiaz , Schnakenburg Gregor , Streubel Rainer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackbone (Et2N)2P‐substituted thiazol‐2‐thione 2 [(Et2N)2P‐THSMe; THSMe=3‐methylthiazol‐2‐thione‐5‐yl] was employed in a stepwise reaction to access thiazol‐2‐thione‐fused tricyclic 1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐diphosphinines 5 a,a’ {–[P(Et2N)THSMe]2; optimization efforts led to excellent yields of 5 a,a’ if LDA was used as the base. The same protocol could be exploited to access P‐Ph derivatives 5 c,c’‐d,d’ {–[P(Ph)THSR]2. Oxidation reactions of 5 a,a’ using H2O2‐urea, sulfur and grey selenium furnished the bis(P‐oxides) 6,6’, bis(P‐sulfides) 7,7’, and bis(P‐selenides) 8,8’, respectively. Reaction of 5 a,a’ with o‐chloranil led stereoselectively to bis(spirophosphorane) derivatives 9,9’.
A Tungstate Chemical Garden
Authors: Pimentel Carlos , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Sainz‐Díaz C. Ignacio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTungstate chemical gardens have been prepared for the first time. The synthesis was carried out using cobalt(II) chloride and sodium tungstate. The reaction occurred in three steps: chimney formation, swelling, and upwelling of the chemical garden. This result opens the door to a new variety of materials.
Effects of sex, race, ethnicity, and education on online aging research participation
Authors: Ashford Miriam T. , Eichenbaum Joseph , Williams Tirzah , Camacho Monica R. , Fockler Juliet , Ulbricht Aaron , Flenniken Derek , Truran Diana , Mackin R. Scott , Weiner Michael W. , Nosheny Rachel L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to identify the relationship of sociodemographic variables with older adults participation in an online registry for recruitment and longitudinal assessment in cognitive aging.MethodsUsing Brain Health Registry (BHR) data, associations between sociodemographic variables (sex, race, ethnicity, education) and registry participation outcomes (task completion, willingness to participate in future studies, referral/enrollment in other studies) were examined in adults aged 55+ (N = 35,919) using logistic regression. All models included sex, race, ethnicity, education, age, and subjective memory concern.ResultsNon‐white race, being Latino, and lower educational attainment were associated with decreased task completion and enrollment in additional studies. Results for sex were mixed.DiscussionThe findings provide novel information about engagement in online aging‐related registries, and highlight a need to develop improved engagement strategies targeting underrepresented sociodemographic groups. Increasing registry diversity will allow researchers to refer more representative populations to Alzheimer's and related dementias prevention and treatment trials.
Estrogenic activity of food contact materials—evaluation of 20 chemicals using a yeast estrogen screen on HPTLC or 96-well plates
Authors: Bergmann Alan J. , Simon Eszter , Schifferli Andrea , Schönborn Andreas , Vermeirssen Etiënne L. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFood contact materials (FCM) may contain complex mixtures of estrogenic chemicals. A yeast estrogen screen performed on high performance thin-layer chromatography plates (planar-YES, P-YES) is promising for analysis of such mixtures, as it could allow for better elucidation of effects compared with established methods in microtiter plates. However, the P-YES has not been directly compared with established methods. We compared the performance of a microtiter plate YES (lyticase-YES, L-YES) to P-YES on silica gel HPTLC plates using 17β-estradiol (E2), 20 chemicals representative of migrants from plastic FCM, and three migrates of coated metal food cans. Effective doses (ED10, ED50) and estradiol equivalencies were calculated for each chemical. Thirteen chemicals had calculable EDs in the L-YES or P-YES, with average EDs 13-fold (range 0.63–36) more potent in P-YES than in the L-YES. Normalized to E2, the median estrogenicity was within 1.5-fold (0.43–8.8) between the assays. Therefore, P-YES was as or more sensitive than L-YES but potencies relative to E2 were comparable between assays. With chromatography, the P-YES detected estrogenicity in coated metal cans, effects that were unmeasurable in L-YES. With the sample preparation methods used in this study, both YES assays are sufficiently sensitive to detect bisphenol A below the specific migration limit for plastic packaging (0.05 mg/kg food). This study demonstrates that P-YES outperforms L-YES because it is more sensitive, provides comparable estradiol equivalents, and circumvents confounding mixture effects. The P-YES will be useful for routine monitoring of FCM and toxicant identification in problematic materials.
Remission of ulcerative colitis flare-up induced by nivolumab
Authors: Iwamoto Maho , Kato Kimitoshi , Moriyama Mitsuhiko , Yamaguchi Kenya , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used to treat many cancers, but ICIs are rarely administered for malignant tumours coexisting with inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods and results
We report a 77-year-old man experiencing an ulcerative colitis (UC) flare-up after receiving nivolumab as third-line therapy for multiple metastases of renal cell carcinoma. Mild UC (proctitis form) had been diagnosed at age 59 years and remission was maintained for 17 years with only a low dose of 5-ASA. After nivolumab treatment, the patient developed diarrhoea, bloody stools and was hospitalised. Computed tomography revealed inflammation involving the entire colon and endoscopy revealed severe UC exacerbation. Histological analysis showed UC findings and also increased crypt apoptosis which is unusual for inflammatory bowel diseases, while being typical of ICI-induced colitis. As with ICI-induced colitis, this exacerbation was strongly suggested to have been caused by nivolumab, although remission was achieved by increasing the 5-ASA dose to 4000 mg without prednisolone.

Conclusion
The administration of ICI for UC is not as yet sufficiently safe and further research is required.
How expensive are post-traumatic stress disorders? Estimating incremental health care and economic costs on anonymised claims data
Authors: Bothe Tim , Jacob Josephine , Kröger Christoph , Walker Jochen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) pose a high burden for individuals and societies. Although prevalence rates are rather low, high co-occurrence rates and overall impairments cause deleterious suffering and significant costs. Still, no long-term data on costs and trends in cost developments are available.

Methods
Claims data from a German research database were analysed regarding direct and indirect costs occurring for individuals with incident diagnoses of PTSD. Results were compared to non-exposed average insurants matched on age and gender. Costs were analysed over a 5-year period from 2 years preceding until 3 years following an incident diagnosis of PTSD.

Results
Overall costs for PTSD account for approximately 43,000 EUR per individual, which is three times higher than costs for non-exposed controls. Of these costs, 59% are caused by mental disorders, 18% specifically by PTSD. In the control group, costs for mental disorders account for 19% of total costs. Costs increase by 142% in the year after an incident diagnosis of PTSD but return to the initial level 2 years later. Still, costs are at least twice as high in every year as in those for the comparison group.

Conclusions
Individuals with PTSD seem to suffer from far more impairments in their general health conditions and incur many more costs than average insurants. Most of these seem to be caused by co-occurring mental disorders and show their maximum in the index year. Nevertheless, as costs decrease to their initial level, treatments seem to have counterbalanced the impairments due to PTSD. Thus, treatments for PTSD can be considered as beneficial and their cost-effectiveness should be further investigated.
Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing under fixed and proportional transaction costs
Authors: Brown Martin , Zastawniak Tomasz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe show that the absence of arbitrage in a model with both fixed and proportional transaction costs is equivalent to the existence of a family of absolutely continuous single-step probability measures, together with an adapted process with values within the bid-ask intervals that satisfies the martingale property with respect to each of the measures. This extends Harrison and Pliska’s classical Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing to the case of combined fixed and proportional transaction costs.