bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Green Cold Pressing to Produce High Quality Fish Oil From Industrial Salmon Waste
Authors: Fouda Tarek 
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this research was to determine the amount of oil fish were extracted from fish west resulted from butchering, cutting and splitting processes before salmon smoking by using cold pressing `methods. The amount and the characteristics of extracted of oil were tested at Regional Centre for food and feed the USDA Agricultural Research Center laboratory. The samples were used from fresh Salmon waste about 1000g from each of the (head, skin, viscera, backbone, frames and cuts off). This waste recorded more than 22% of the total mass from salmon fish with used modern extract machine. in this experiment the results revealed the fresh salmon waste have more than 16 % of oil fish per one kg of salmon waste. The oil weight from Salmon waste for (head, skin, viscera, backbone, frames and cuts off). was increased with pressing time increase as well as oil productivity increased. The optimum conditions at pressing time was 200 min, for all salmon waste components . Oil productivity fluctuated according to waste sources was 190, 210, 86, 188, 178 and 90 g.oil/1000 g. by head, skin, off cuts , terming, , viscera , and backbone frames, Salmon by-products, oil productivity was ranged between 8.60 to 21.00% at constant pressure. High contents of functional EPA (20:5 ω 3) and DHA (22:6 ω 3) for oil fish
Colistin resistance among Gram-negative isolates in Nepal: A review
Authors: Devkota Surya Prasad , Paudel Ashmita 
Published: July 2020

Background: Colistin resistance among Gram-negative isolates is a tremendous public health problem, and there are very few studies in Nepal about these pathogens. Hence, this review provides comprehensive data on colistin resistance among Gram-negative isolates from various samples in Nepal.
Methods: Articles reporting colistin resistance among various Gram-negative isolates from Nepal before July 2019 were selected; analyzed and relevant data was collected.
Results: Colistin resistance was low among clinical isolates (less than 6%) in comparison to food and animal isolates (up to 69%). A wide variety of clinical isolates were colistin-resistant in comparison to food and animal isolates. Many of these isolates were highly drug-resistant and also harbored various drug-resistant determinants.
Conclusion: Increased colistin resistance among Gram-negative pathogens is a serious concern. Screening of these isolates in clinical settings, animal farms, and food industries, as well as cautious use of colistin in both clinical and animal farms, is imminent.
SARS-CoV-2: ACE inhibitors, disastrous or desirable?
Authors: Leclézio Alexandra , Robinson Jared , Banerjee Indrajit 
Published: July 2020

Background: The world has a current total of 6,663,304 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a death count of 392,802 deaths according to the WHO (6 June 2020). Various risk factors for the acquisition and subsequent development of deadly complications due to the virus have been established. One such risk factor is the presence of cardiovascular disease, particularly hypertension as a comorbidity. It must be noted that JNC 8 advise the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers as first line drugs for the management of hypertension. ARDS is caused by the activation of angiotensin I, angiotensin II and AT1 receptor pathway, however stimulation of Mas receptor, MRGPR receptors, AT2 receptor and the ACE-2-angiotensin (1-7), pathways is found to be defensive. Mas receptor exerts an inhibitory effect on inflammation and cellular growth and vascular mechanisms. This research aims to examine the relationship between ACE inhibitors and the risk of COVID-19 infections with the goal of determining whether this relationship is spurious in association or whether it is causative in nature? More specifically, in this research article we will determine whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus has an affinity for ACE 2 receptors in humans. Furthermore, it will be determined whether ACE inhibitors would inhibit or facilitate an imminent COVID-19 infection in individuals as well as to determine whether patients currently using ACE inhibitors should continue or discontinue the drug therapy in order to minimize their susceptibility to acquiring COVID-19, and whether patients should start ACE inhibitor therapy if required during this pandemic.
Conclusion: It is evident that ACE 2 receptors are the portal of entry for SARS-CoV-2. It is recommended that the use of RAAS inhibitors, viz ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers is not stopped or decreased despite the ongoing pandemic as the results thereof may lead to the worsening of the patient’s comorbidity and may hasten death.
Peningkatan Konsentrasi Dan Hasil Belajar Komposisi Fungsi Dan Fungsi Invers Dengan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Type Numbered Head Together (NHT) Pada Kelas XI TP 2
Authors: Mahmudah Nurlaila 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan konsentrasi dan hasil belajar; 2) meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar; dan 3) mengetahui besarnya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan diterapkanya type pembelajaran Numbered Head Together (NHT) pada kompetensi Fungsi Komposisi dan Fungsi Invers di kelas XI TP 2 SMK N 3 Yogyakarta.Setting dan subyek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI TP 2 yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Data tentang konsentrasi dikumpul dengan instrumen lembar observasi dan hasil belajar diambil dari hasil tes ahir siklus. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis diskriptif kualitatif. Indikator keberhasilan dari penelitian adalah 100% siswa mencapai kriteria BAIK untuk indikator konsentrasi dan untuk indikator hasil belajar 75% peserta didik minimal mencapai KKM.Hasil penelitian pada pra tindakan skor konsentrasi 6,6% dengan kriteria baik dan hasil belajar diatas KKM sebesar 41%. Skor konsentrasi pada siklus I naik menjadi 50% mencapai kriteria baik diikuti kenaikan hasil belajar sebesar 50% mencapai nilai diatas KKM. Pada siklus II pencapaian skor konsentrasi dengan kriteria baik meningkat drastis menjadi 100% dan hasil belajar sebesar 91 % diatas KKM. Kata Kunci : Numbered Head Together (NHT), Konsentrasi, Hasil Belajar.
Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Dengan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Siswa Kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta
Authors: Sumaryati Agata Sri , Hasanah Dwi Uswatun 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas VIII C di SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta pada pokok bahasan kubus dan balok dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. Objek penelitian adalah pelaksanaan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing pada pokok bahasan kubus dan balok. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari tiga pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, tes pemahaman konsep, catatan lapangan dan dokumentasi. Teknis analisis data menggunakan teknik kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing pada siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta dengan pokok bahasan kubus dan balok dapat: (1) Meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yaitu sebelum dilaksanakan tindakan pembelajaran rata-rata nilai siswa sebesar 39,74 dan ketuntasan sebesar 0% (kategori rendah), setelah dilaksanakan tindakan pembelajaran nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat menjadi 71,62 dan ketuntasan sebesar 55,88% (kategori cukup) pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat menjadi 85,66 dan ketuntasan sebesar 85,29 % (kategori tinggi) pada siklus II. (2) Keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dilihat dari kegiatan guru sebesar 73,33% (kategori cukup), kegiatan siswa sebesar 56,47% (kategori cukup) pada siklus I dan pada siklus II keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dilihat dari kegiatan guru meningkat menjadi 96,67% (kategori tinggi), kegiatan siswa menjadi 83,71% (kategori tinggi). Kata kunci : Pemahaman Konsep Matematika, Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Menggunakan Macro Media Flash Professional 8
Authors: Purwati Heni , Nugroho Aryo Andri , Ariyanto Lilik , Tsalatsa Ahmad Nashir 
Published: July 2020

The research objective is to produce a module by using a Macromedia Flash both content and presentation material, which is able to contribute comprehension of concept of students in the subject of development of instructional media. This refers to the development of research Thiagarajan there are four phases, definition (define), design (design), development (develop), and dissemination (dessiminate). The development phase of module of the 4-D (Four D Device) Thiagarajan Semmel and Semmel to design a module on the course development of instructional media. The process of developing this module starts from the stage of defining or analysis. The process of designing a module that was developed based on information obtained from the analysis phase of the open-ended, students, materials, tasks that support and then do the design stage or the design. And then the last stage is the stage of development. Development of modules on the course development of instructional media developed proven valid content with the results of assessment for an average of 85.5%. The results are based on votes of validator to provides good value and can be used with minimal revision. Keywords: development, module, macromedia flash
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERMAIN DRAMA MELALUI TEKNIK PEMBELAJARAN ROTATING ROLES SISWA KELAS VIII C SMP NEGERI SUNGAI JAUH TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Martini Elya 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana teknik pembelajaran rotating roles dapat meningkatkan keterampilan bermain drama siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri Sungai Jauh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengamatan, dan (4) refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah catatan lapangan, lembar pengamatan, angket, dan lembar penilaian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif yang didukung oleh data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan teknik pembelajaran rotating roles mampu meningkatkan keterampilan bermain drama siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri Sungai Jauh. Berdasarkan catatan lapangan dan pedoman pengamatan, terjadi perubahan siswa ke arah positif. Peningkatan keterampilan bermain drama dilihat dari dua hal, yaitu keberhasilan proses dan produk. Keberhasilan prosessdapattdilihat dari perubahannsikap siswa setelahhdiadakan implementasittindakan, siswaalebih aktif, bersemangat, berani mengemukakan pendapat, dan mampu bekerja sama dengan siswa lain. Keberhasilannproduk dilihatddari tesppraktik bermainddrama.”Nilai rata-rata bermain drama siswa sebelum implementasi tindakan sebesar 49,46, siklus I”sebesar 63,5 dan pada siklus”II sebesar 78,14.”Data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan bermain drama siswa dari pratindakan ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 28,68. Beberapa aspek yang menunjukkan peningkatan paling signifikan adalah aspek ekspresi, gerak, dan intonasi.
Comparison of Immunohistochemistry and Conventional Stains for Helicobacter Pylori Detection in Gastric Biopsies of Patients Receiving Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Loharamtaweethong Kongsak , Puripat Napaporn 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of different staining methods for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 75 gastric biopsies from patients with and without PPI therapy between October 2018 and September 2019. Slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E); Giemsa and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was done using polyclonal anti-H. pylori antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed to determine any association between the results of different staining methods and PPI consumption. Sensitivity, specificity and positive-negative predictive values of H&E and Giemsa stains were calculated. Results: Overall, H. pylori infection was detected in 33.3% of patients using IHC, 26.7% using H&E, and 28.0% via Giemsa staining. A strong correlation was found between PPI consumption and low H. pylori density detected via IHC (p-value=0.015) but not using H&E and Giemsa staining. The sensitivity of H&E and Giemsa was markedly reduced as a result of PPI consumption (57.1% to 18.2% vs. 85.7% to 27.3%, respectively). Conclusion: Identification of H. pylori using IHC in patients treated with PPI was superior to H&E and Giemsa stains. Both H&E and Giemsa stains showed a marked decrease in sensitivity in patients receiving PPI. The results indicate that IHC should be performed in patients with PPI therapy instead of H&E or Giemsa stains, and PPI should be discontinued for at least 14 days before the performance of endoscopy.
Comparison of endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus cauterization in pediatric hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ellenbogen Yosef , Brar Karanbir , Yang Kaiyun , Lee Yung , Ajani Olufemi 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVEPediatric hydrocephalus is a significant contributor to infant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. The mainstay of treatment has long been shunt placement for CSF diversion, but recent years have seen the rise of alternative procedures such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), which provides similar efficacy in selected patients. The addition of choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) to ETV has been proposed to increase efficacy, but the evidence of its utility is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of ETV+CPC in comparison to ETV alone for the treatment of pediatric all-cause hydrocephalus.METHODSMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICRCTN databases were searched from conception through to October 2018 for comparative studies including both ETV+CPC and ETV in a pediatric population. The primary outcome was success rate, defined as no secondary procedure required for CSF diversion; secondary outcomes included time to failure, mortality, and complications. Data were pooled using random-effects models of meta-analysis, and relative risk (RR) was calculated.RESULTSFive studies were included for final qualitative and quantitative analysis, including 2 prospective and 3 retrospective studies representing a total of 963 patients. Overall, there was no significant difference in success rates between ETV and ETV+CPC (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.88–1.75, p = 0.21). However, a subgroup analysis including the 4 studies focusing on African cohorts demonstrated a significant benefit of ETV+CPC (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.08–1.78, p = 0.01). There were no notable differences in complication rates among studies.CONCLUSIONSThis systematic review and meta-analysis failed to find an overall benefit to the addition of CPC to ETV; however, a subgroup analysis showed efficacy in sub-Saharan African populations. This points to the need for future randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of ETV+CPC versus ETV in varied patient populations and geographic locales.
A practical representation of NFT pedagogy in a learning environment
Authors: Thusi Nisi , Costa King 
Published: July 2020

Advanced pedagogy is the way to enhance teaching and learning performance for non-financial students. There are different methods in use across the globe for innovative teaching of higher learning students. The use of multimedia and technology empowers educational processes by increasing interaction between teachers and students. Hybrid teaching and blended learning follow an integrated approach to teaching that blends with students' interests and teacher's personality that needs curriculum-appropriate methods. Teachers should thus apply themselves to utilizing innovative methods so that the students’ learning process is as free-flowing and that the methodology used creates an atmosphere adaptable to conducive learning environment. The application of innovative teaching and learning methods is critical if we are to motivate and enculturate a spirit of learning and cooperation by encouraging others and doing your share on the part of students. The role of education is to ensure that while academic personal are involve in active teaching, an effort is made to ensure alignment between what is taught and what is comprehensible in relation to students. The goal of this study is an ongoing and progressive examine of how Edger Dale's Cone of Experience and Bloom's taxonomy is employed to positively influence student learning. In this conceptual research the methodology used was hinged on analytic processes for material already published in this area. Key variables under investigation forecast on integration of Dales and Blooms theories for theoretical perspectives with the researchers pedagogy known as the NFT.
PENGUATAN DAKWAH MELALUI PESAN KHOTBAH JUMAT DI MASJID RAYA LAMA KENDARI
Authors: Nur Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta memberikan informasi tentang bagaimana bentuk penyanmpaian Khotbah Jumat, dan memberikan gambaran tentang topik apa saja yang hadir dalam pesan-pesan Kotbah Jumat yang di sampaikan oleh khatib yang terdapat dalam teks Khotbah yang di sampaikan di Masjid Raya Lama Kendari. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dipadukan dengan analisis isi deskriptif, tujuanya adalah untuk menggambarkan secara detail suatu pesan atau teks tertentu, yaitu teks Khotbah Jumat, tanpa bermaksud melakukan generalisasi dalam mengambil kesimpulan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi dan melalui rekaman audio. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa bentuk penyampaian Khotbah Jumat di Masjid Raya Lama Kendari adalah dengan membawa teks atau catatan kecil yang dibawah ke atas mimbar sebagai pemandu agar tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam mengutip dalil-dalil yang akan disampaikan, dengan menggunakan suara atau nada yang tinggi jika ada kalimat penekanan yang harus di perhatikan sebagai poin penting dalam pesan teks tersebut, namun sesekali merendah. Sedangkan yang menjadi topik dalam pembahasan Kotbah Jumat berupa ajakan pentingnya menyiapkan bekal kahidupan di dunia sebagai persiapan kita untuk menyongsong kehidupan yang sesungguhnya. </p>
DIVERSITY AND MULTIPLE DRIVERS OF PASTORAL FULANI MIGRATION TO GHANA
Authors: Bukari Kaderi Noagah , Bukari Shaibu , Sow Papa , Scheffran Jürgen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The relationship between environmental change and migration has generated considerable scholarly debate. In part the literature suggests that climate change in the Sahel is ‘forcing’ pastoralist groups (mainly Fulani) to migrate to semi-arid West African countries, including Ghana, due to resource scarcity and climatic conditions. Using interviews, focus-group discussions and observations, this article argues that beyond theoretical postulations on resource scarcity and environmentally induced migration, there are multiple drivers that affect diverse migration patterns among Fulani pastoralists in Ghana. This study finds and discusses a range of important drivers of migration, including labour demand for pastoralists, access to pasture, conflict, social networks and peaceful relations.
CLOTTING NOMADIC SPACES: ON SEDENTISM AND NOMADISM
Authors: Semplici Greta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
With reference to Jeffrey C. Kaufmann’s concept of a ‘sediment of nomadism’, for which pastoralism is still, implicitly or not, referenced and essentialised to ‘pure’ degrees of mobility and ‘pure’ food economies centred around livestock, this article argues that, in pastoral settings, sedentism is equally essentialised. This article reverses the traditional critique of the nomadism/sedentism dichotomy by questioning the relevance of ideal types of ‘pure sedentism’. Based on fourteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Northern Kenya arid lands, this article looks away from big cities and regional urbanities to focus on small settlements springing up along improved roads and telecommunications infrastructure, showing that places are never motionless, despite measures of emplacement promoted by national and local governments and the international community. The drilling of boreholes, the construction of health centres and schools, the distribution of aid does not stop the mobility of places nor of their inhabitants. Until places remain mobile, they are alive; otherwise they clot. This argument makes it possible to move beyond a dichotomic definition of sedentism and nomadism to value changes, flexibility, and plasticity as important features of places created and recreated by mobile pastoralists.
THE LIMITATIONS OF WINTERING AWAY FROM CUSTOMARY PASTURES IN RELATION TO DZUD IN MONGOLIA’S GOBI REGION
Authors: Ericksen Annika 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article, based on ethnographic research in a Gobi district in Mongolia, focuses on herders ‘wintering away’ from customary winter campsites to access better pasture elsewhere. Because of the drawbacks associated with wintering at non-customary as opposed to ‘home’ pastures, many herders consider ‘wintering away’ to be a last resort. In the 2009–10 dzud (winter disaster), in Bayanlig soum, most households that wintered away were hit by unusually heavy snowfall and suffered higher livestock losses than those households that stayed at their customary campsites. While herders’ migration decisions are guided by expert knowledge of the environment, complicating factors and high uncertainty can contribute to livestock losses despite their best efforts. Mobility is essential to herders’ success in a variable environment, but not all forms and instances of migration are equally beneficial. This article draws on herders’ accounts to explore a migration dilemma in the Gobi that may become more common.