bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiphase Stirred Tank Bioreactors – New Geometrical Concepts and Scale‐up Approaches
Authors: Böhm Lutz , Hohl Lena , Bliatsiou Chrysoula , Kraume Matthias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMainly with respect to biotechnological cases, current developments in the field of impeller geometries and findings for multistage configurations with a specific view on aerated stirred tanks are reviewed. Although often the first choice, in the given case the 6‐straight blade disc turbine is usually not the best option. Furthermore, quantities usable for scale‐up, specifically applicable in this field are discussed. Only quantities taking local conditions into account appear to be able to actually compare different stirrer types and scales.
High‐Resolution Infrared Synchrotron Investigation of (HCN)2 and a Semi‐Experimental Determination of the Dissociation Energy D0
Authors: Mihrin D. , Jakobsen P. W. , Voute A. , Manceron L. , Wugt Larsen R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe high‐resolution infrared absorption spectrum of the donor bending fundamental band ν
of the homodimer (HCN)2 has been collected by long‐path static gas‐phase Fourier transform spectroscopy at 207 K employing the highly brilliant 2.75 GeV electron storage ring source at Synchrotron SOLEIL. The rovibrational structure of the ν
transition has the typical appearance of a perpendicular type band associated with a Σ–Π transition for a linear polyatomic molecule. The total number of 100 assigned transitions are fitted employing a standard semi‐rigid linear molecule Hamiltonian, providing the band origin ν0 of 779.05182(50) cm−1 together with spectroscopic parameters for the degenerate excited state. This band origin, blue‐shifted by 67.15 cm−1 relative to the HCN monomer, provides the final significant contribution to the change of intra‐molecular vibrational zero‐point energy upon HCN dimerization. The combination with the vibrational zero‐point energy contribution determined recently for the class of large‐amplitude inter‐molecular fundamental transitions then enables a complete determination of the total change of vibrational zero‐point energy of 3.35±0.30 kJ mol−1. The new spectroscopic findings together with previously reported benchmark CCSDT(Q)/CBS electronic energies [Hoobler et al. ChemPhysChem. 19, 3257–3265 (2018)] provide the best semi‐experimental estimate of 16.48±0.30 kJ mol−1 for the dissociation energy D0 of this prototypical homodimer.
Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with full and subthreshold avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Kambanis P. Evelyna , Kuhnle Megan C. , Wons Olivia B. , Jo Jenny H. , Keshishian Ani C. , Hauser Kristine , Becker Kendra R. , Franko Debra L. , Misra Madhusmita , Micali Nadia , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to characterize the current and lifetime prevalence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and suicidality in treatment‐ and nontreatment‐seeking individuals with full and subthreshold avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). We also sought to examine unique associations between the three DSM‐5 ARFID profiles (i.e., sensory sensitivity, fear of aversive consequences, and lack of interest in food or eating) and specific categories of psychiatric diagnoses and suicidality.MethodWe conducted structured clinical interviews with 74 children and adolescents with full or sub threshold ARFID to assess the presence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, suicidality, and the severity of each of the three ARFID profiles.ResultsNearly half of the sample (45%) met criteria for a current comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, and over half (53%) met criteria for a lifetime comorbid diagnosis. A total of 8% endorsed current suicidality and 14% endorsed lifetime suicidality. Severity in the sensory sensitivity profile was uniquely associated with greater odds of comorbid disorders in the neurodevelopmental, disruptive, and conduct disorders category; the anxiety, obsessive–compulsive, and trauma‐related disorders category; and the depressive and bipolar‐related disorders category. Severity in the fear of aversive consequences profile was associated with greater odds of disorders in the anxiety, obsessive–compulsive, and trauma‐related disorders category.DiscussionOur findings underscore the severity of psychopathology among individuals with ARFID and related presentations, and also highlight the potential that shared psychopathology between specific ARFID profiles and other psychiatric disorders represent transdiagnostic constructs (e.g., avoidant behavior) that may be relevant treatment targets.
An assessment of human impacts on endangered red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) living in the Himalaya
Authors: Panthi Saroj , Wang Tiejun , Sun Yiwen , Thapa Arjun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic factors play an important role in shaping the distribution of wildlife species and their habitats, and understanding the influence of human activities on endangered species can be key to improving conservation efforts as well as the implementation of national strategies for sustainable development. Here, we used species distribution modeling to assess human impacts on the endangered red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in high‐altitude regions of Nepal. We found that the distance to paths (tracks used by people and animals), livestock density, human population density, and annual mean temperature were the most important factors determining the habitat suitability for red pandas in Nepal. This is the first study that attempts to use comprehensive environmental and anthropogenic variables to predict habitat suitability for the red pandas at a national level. The suitable habitat identified by this study is important and could serve as a baseline for the development of conservation strategies for the red panda in Nepal.
Fabrication of Nano Flower‐shaped Platinum on Glassy Carbon Electrode as a Sensitive Sensor for Lead Electrochemical Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Thi Lieu , Cao Van Hoang , Yen Pham Thi Hai , Giang Le Truong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlatinum nanoflowers modified glassy carbon electrodes (PtNFs/GCE) was fabricated simply for lead determination in water samples. The modified electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition in hexachloroplatinic acid solution at constant potential. The influence of deposition time and potential on surface morphology, chemical composition, electrochemical properties of electrode were investigated. At −0.2 V of potential and 150 s of deposition duration, platinum developed as nanoflower shape and scattered densely all over the glassy carbon surface, producing the largest electrochemically active surface areas. The highest differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) signal of lead was obtained by using the prepared electrode. Under optimized experimental condition of electrolyte, accumulation potential and time, the peak current was found to be linear proportion to lead concentration in range of 1 to 100 μg L−1 (slope=0.371) with a limit of detection of 0.398 μg L−1. The method has good repeatability and reproducibility with relative standard deviations of 1.47 % and 4.83 %, respectively. The modified PtNFs/GCE also demonstrated an excellent long‐term stability with only 9 % decrease in Pb peak current over 30 days. Moreover, the performance of the modified PtNFs/GCE in determination of Pb(II) in two industrial wastewaters was good agreement with data obtained by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) method.
Joint beamforming and space‐time coding in limited‐feedback cooperative networks with threshold‐based MIMO selection relaying
Authors: Shirzadian Gilan Mahsa , Olfat Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a limited‐feedback decode‐and‐forward cooperative network with multiple relays is considered where each relay is equipped with multiple antennas. To combat error propagation, each multiple‐input multiple‐output relay participates in relaying phase, according to its received signal‐to‐noise ratio. In our scheme, space‐time coding is independently employed at each relay. At relay, the detected symbols are forwarded using a novel beamforming method proposed in this paper. In the proposed technique, relays employ only two‐bit quantized phase information of the channel between relay and destination, which reduces the overhead of the feedback channel. Our results highlight that using a simple maximal ratio combining at destination, the received SNR after combining the space‐time coded signals is enhanced significantly compared with other existing methods. We further investigate the bit error rate performance of the general family of M‐ary modulation schemes and show that the proposed design attains full diversity order without any rate or bandwidth cost. Also, closed form expressions are derived for optimal threshold and end‐to‐end bit error rate of the system. Numerical results illustrate a good agreement between the analytical and simulation results.
Comparison of soil moisture products from microwave remote sensing, land model, and reanalysis using global ground observations
Authors: Deng Yuanhong , Wang Shijie , Bai Xiaoyong , Wu Luhua , Cao Yue , Li Huiwen , Wang Mingming , Li Chaojun , Yang Yujie , Hu Zeyin , Tian Shiqi , Lu Qian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐quality soil moisture (SM) datasets are in great demand for climate, hydrology, and other fields, but detailed evaluation of SM products from various sources is scarce. Thus, using 670 SM stations worldwide, we evaluated and compared SM products from microwave remote sensing [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) (C‐ and X‐bands) and European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI)], land surface model [Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)], and reanalysis data [ECMWF Re‐Analysis‐Interim (ERA‐Interim) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)] under different time scales and various climates and land covers. We find that: (a) ESA CCI and GLDAS have the closest values to the in situ SM on the annual scale, whereas others overestimate the SM; ERA‐Interim (averaged R = 0.58) and ESA CCI (averaged R = 0.54) correlate best with the in situ data, while GLDAS performs worst. (b) Overall, the deviations of each product vary in seasons. ESA CCI and ERA‐Interim products are closer to the in situ SM at seasonal scales, and AMSR‐E and NCEP perform worst in December–February and June–August, respectively. (c) Except for NCEP and ERA‐Interim, others can well reflect the intermonthly variation of the in situ SM. (d) Under various climates and land covers, AMSR‐E products are less effective in cold climates, whereas GLDAS and NCEP products perform poorly in arid or temperate and dry climates. Moreover, the Bias and R of each SM product differ obviously under different forest types, especially the AMSR‐E products. In summary, SM from ESA CCI is the best, followed by ERA‐Interim product, and precipitation is an important auxiliary data for selecting high‐quality SM stations and improving the accuracy of SM from GLDAS. These results can provide a reference for improving the accuracy of the above SM products.
Capital structure adjustment and market reaction following seasoned equity offerings
Authors: Asad Faiza , Gulzar Saqib , Bangassa Kenbata , Khan Majid Jamal 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes the market reaction towards capital structure adjustment through seasoned equity offerings in the United States. It recognizes that capital structure and equity mispricing are closely associated with seasoned equity offering. We specifically propose that if the trade‐off theory holds and firms follow target capital structures, then, firms that are overlevered would effectively exploit an overvalued equity in a cost‐effective adjustment of their capital structures through seasoned equity offerings. We also test how the market then reacts to such capital structure adjustment attempts. Controlling for other motives of seasoned equity offerings in a sample of 1,725 secondary issues by 1,016 U.S. nonfinancial firms from 2004 to 2013, we found that firms that were ex ante overlevered and overvalued were more likely to announce a seasoned equity offering. As regards the market reaction to such capital structure adjustments, it is found that the market favorably reacted in both the short term and long term, as evidenced by positive 3‐day cumulative abnormal returns and buy‐and‐hold abnormal returns, respectively. Moreover, post‐event evidence suggests that on the average, overlevered firms reduced their deviations from the target and that their leverage levels mainly stayed around the targets until at least 3 years after the secondary equity issues.
Development and initial reliability and validity of a new measure of distorted maternal representations: The Mother–Infant Relationship Scale
Authors: Newman‐Morris Vesna , Gray Kylie M. , Simpson Katrina , Newman Louise K. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTDistorted maternal representations (DMRs)—mother's ideas, understanding, and feelings about the infant—shape early interaction and the emerging relationship. Distorted interactions reportedly affect infant attachment and socioemotional development and may be associated with maternal early adversity and trauma. Limited measures are available that could be used as screening tools of DMRs. The aims of this study were to (a) describe the development of the Mother–Infant Relationship Scale (MIRS) and (b) to evaluate its psychometric properties. The development and validation of the MIRS closely followed standard guidelines for the development of psychometric tests. Psychometric properties were examined across two samples: 78 adult psychiatric patients with features of borderline personality and 86 individuals from a nonclinical sample (N = 164). The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .91) for the clinical sample and adequate internal consistency (.78) for the nonclinical sample, excellent test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .81), and good concurrent validity with an observational (Pearson's correlation coefficients = −.35 to −.54) and a representational measure (.53). Factor analysis revealed three components: DMRs specific to (a) maternal hostility/rejection of the infant, (b) issues about parenting/attachment, and (c) anxiety/helplessness about infant care. Findings suggest that the MIRS is a reliable and valid screening tool of DMRs. Potential uses in clinical and research settings are discussed.
Classifying Raman spectra of extracellular vesicles based on convolutional neural networks for prostate cancer detection
Authors: Lee Wooje , Lenferink Aufried T.M. , Otto Cees , Offerhaus Herman L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince early 2000s, machine learning algorithms have been widely used in many research and industrial fields, most prominently in computer vison. Lately, many fields of study have tried to use these automated methods, and there are several reports from the field of spectroscopy. In this study, we demonstrate a classification model based on machine learning to classify Raman spectra. We obtained Raman spectra from extracellular vesicles (EVs) to find tumor derived EVs. The convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained on preprocessed Raman data and raw Raman data. We compare the result from CNN with results from principal component analysis that is widely used among in spectroscopy. The new model classifies EVs with an accuracy of >90%. Moreover, the new model based on CNN is also suitable for classifying the raw Raman data directly without preprocessing with a minimum accuracy of 93%.
Canola oil/candelilla wax oleogel improves texture, retards staling and reduces in vitro starch digestibility of maize tortillas
Authors: Vernon‐Carter Eduardo Jaime , Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose , Meraz Monica , Bello‐Perez Luis Arturo , Garcia‐Diaz Samuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaize tortilla staling is a major drawback that affects its commercialization and consumption, and so novel methods for retarding staling are continuously being explored. The present study evaluated the effect of adding a canola oil/candelilla wax oleogel (CWO; 0. 2, 4 and 6 g 100 g−1) to a basic masa formulation (water, 60 g 100 g−1; nixtamalized maize flour, 40 g 100 g−1) on the texture, staling and in vitro starch digestibility of maize tortillas made using a hot plate (200 °C).RESULTSTextural analysis showed that CWO reduced hardness and increased the tensile strength of tortillas. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that the retrogradation of starch chains, quantified in terms of the intensity ratio 1047/1022, was reduced by oleogel incorporation. In vitro starch digestibility tests showed that tortillas containing CWO had lower readily digestible and slowly digestible starch fractions compared to the control tortilla without oleogel.CONCLUSIONThe formation of amylose–lipid inclusion complexes and the formation of an oily physical barrier around starch granules were postulated as mechanisms underlying the reduced starch digestibility. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimized Anti–Prostate‐Specific Membrane Antigen Single‐Chain Variable Fragment–Loaded Nanobubbles as a Novel Targeted Ultrasound Contrast Agent for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ding Yu , Cao Qifeng , Qian Subo , Chen Xiaolong , Xu Yuhong , Chen Jian , Shen Haibo 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo prepare optimized prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) single‐chain variable fragment (scFv)–loaded nanobubbles (NBs) as a novel targeted ultrasound (US) contrast agent for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsProstate‐specific membrane antigen scFv‐loaded NBs were prepared by membrane hydration and biotin‐streptavidin conjugation. Flow cytometry was used to observe the binding rate of the targeted NBs to PSMA‐expressing cells. Contrast‐enhanced US was used to monitor targeted and nontargeted NBs administered to nude mice with 22RV1, LNCaP, and PC‐3 xenograft tumors. The specific binding ability of the targeted NBs was further examined by fluorescence imaging of tumor cryosections.ResultsUniformly sized targeted NBs were successfully prepared (mean ± SD, 485.3 ± 28.4 nm). The NBs showed good stability and bound specifically to LNCaP and 22RV1 cells with high PSMA expression in vitro but did not bind to PC‐3 cells without PSMA expression. The targeted NBs presented good US enhancement, and the results of the in vivo xenograft tumor nude mouse model showed that the peak contrast intensity in LNCaP and 22RV1 cells was significantly higher for the targeted NBs than the nontargeted NBs (P < .05), whereas there was no significant difference in PC‐3 cells. Immunofluorescence results obtained from tumor sections confirmed that the targeted NBs were capable of targeting PSMA‐expressing tumor cells.ConclusionsThese novel PSMA scFv‐loaded NBs have proven to be an excellent US contrast agent for imaging PSMA‐expressing PCa and have the potential to not only enable efficient and safe molecular imaging but also to serve as a delivery system for targeted PCa therapies.
Lower Circulating Branched‐Chain Amino Acid Concentrations Among Vegetarians are Associated with Changes in Gut Microbial Composition and Function
Authors: Wang Fenglei , Wan Yi , Yin Kanhua , Wei Yaguang , Wang Beibei , Yu Xiaomei , Ni Yan , Zheng Jusheng , Huang Tao , Song Mingyang , Li Duo 
Published: November 2019

ScopeVegetarian diets confer health benefits to many cardiometabolic diseases, although whether and how gut microbiota in vegetarians contributes to host metabolism remains unclear. Thus, the aim is to explore the possible links between the gut microbiota and circulating gut microbiota–host co‐metabolites among vegetarians and omnivores.Methods and resultsFecal and serum samples from 36 adults following a vegan, lacto‐ovo vegetarian, or omnivorous diet are collected. A 16S rRNA gene, metagenome, metatranscriptome, and metabolome integrated multi‐omics approach is adopted to profile fecal microbial composition and functionality and circulating gut microbiota–host co‐metabolites. 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing suggest a significant difference in gut microbial composition between the two vegetarian groups and the omnivorous group at the family, genus, and species level. Metabolomic analysis reveals that circulating branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs)—valine, leucine, and isoleucine—are significantly lower in the two vegetarian groups than those in the omnivorous group. In line with the lower concentrations of BCAAs, metatranscriptomic analysis shows that the gut microbial pathway for the degradation of BCAAs is significantly upregulated among vegetarians compared with the omnivores.ConclusionsThe results indicate that gut microbiota plays an important role in the modulation of circulating BCAAs among vegetarians.
Development of Smart Polymer Microparticles through Suspension Polymerization for Treatment of Schistosomiasis
Authors: Paiva Thamiris Franckini , Alves Jéssica Bentes , Melo Príamo Albuquerque , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects millions of people, especially low‐income people, and is considered a major public health problem in underdeveloped countries. The drug used most often for the treatment of the disease is praziquantel (PZQ), which has a strong and characteristic bitter taste that makes treatment of children inconvenient. For this reason, the present work investigates the development of smart pH‐sensitive polymer microparticles produced through suspension polymerizations to be used as vehicles for the controlled release of praziquantel in the body. The microparticles are produced through copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and the cationic comonomers diethylaminoethyl methacrylate or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The obtained results indicate that microparticles with sizes in the range of 10–1100 µm can be formed successfully, allowing high PZQ encapsulation efficiencies (>80%). Zeta potential analyses and drug release assays confirm the pH‐sensitive responses of the cationic copolymers, leading to effective release of PZQ (around 80% in pH 1.2) in acidic media that simulate the organic fluids present in the stomach.
Selective seed layer patterning of PVD metal stacks by electrochemical screen printing for solar cell applications
Authors: Gensowski Katharina , Kamp Mathias , Efinger Raphael , Mikolasch Gabriele , Eckert Jonas , Bechmann Sebastian , Weber Ralf , Bartsch Jonas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA proof of principle for electrochemical screen printing (ESP) as a patterning process for thin metal stacks that can be employed, eg, in interdigitated back contact (IBC) or silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, is demonstrated. By using the ESP process, a 125 × 125‐mm2 interdigitated back contact grid was successfully patterned into a 100‐nm physical vapor deposited (PVD) aluminum layer. Optimizations of the ESP process were performed to improve the patterning resolution. Rectangular trenches with a mean width of 36 ± 5 μm could be demonstrated on a 100‐nm–thick aluminum layer. Up to now, ESP can be applied to PVD aluminum, copper, or stacks of both materials. Finally, metal stacks of aluminum and copper were structured, which allow a more homogeneous current distribution for the ESP process and additionally for the subsequent copper electroplating because of the second metal layer underneath the layer to be structured. The successful transfer from wafer substrate to polymer foils increases the application options of ESP technology enormously, where the topography of the surface to be structured affects the printing results.