bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated histologic and molecular analysis of uterine leiomyosarcoma and 2 benign variants with nuclear atypia
Authors: Gao Tingting , Finkelman Brian S. , Ban Yanli , Li Yinuo , Yin Ping , Bulun Serdar E. , Lu Xinyan , Ha Chunfang , Wei Jian‐Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare but deadly disease. Due to poor understanding of the molecular and genetic causes of the disease, the diagnosis of LMS has been based primarily on histology. Nuclear atypia is one of hallmarks in LMS, however, it also occurs in 2 clinically benign variants, including smooth muscle tumors with fumarate hydratase alteration (SMT‐FH) and leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei (LM‐BN). In addition to nuclear atypia, many well recognized biomarkers used for LMS are also frequently overexpressed in LM‐BN, and the histogenesis and molecular natures for LM‐BN and LMS remain largely unknown. To characterize the molecular profiling of LMS, SMT‐FH, and LM‐BN, we performed integrated comprehensive genomic profiling including whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing and genomic microarray analyses to assess genome‐wide copy number alterations (CNAs) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in all 3 tumor types. We found that both LM‐BN and LMS showed genomic instability and harbored extensive CNAs throughout the whole genome. By contrast, the SMT‐FH presented its characteristic 1q43‐44 deletions in all cases tested, with minimal CNAs in the rest of genomic regions. Further analyses revealed that LMS and LM‐BN groups showed similar patterns of CNAs that are tended to cluster together and separated from the SMT‐FH group. The integrated molecular profiling enabled the detection of novel and traditional biomarkers and showed excellent discrimination between LM‐BN and LMS. Our study suggests that LM‐BN, despite having similar nuclear atypia to SMT‐FH, showed similar genomic instability but distinct genomic alterations with its malignant counterpart of LMS. The integrated molecular profiling is of clinical importance in characterizing these rare uterine smooth muscle tumors.
The Role of Immigration Background, Intergroup Processes, and Social‐Cognitive Skills in Bystanders’ Responses to Bias‐Based Bullying Toward Immigrants During Adolescence
Authors: Gönültaş Seçil , Mulvey Kelly Lynn 
Published: December 2020

This study examined how intergroup processes and social‐cognitive factors shape bystander responses to bias‐based and general bullying. Participants included sixth and ninth graders (N = 179,M = 13.23) who evaluated how likely they would be to intervene if they observed bullying of immigrant‐origin and nonimmigrant‐origin peers. Adolescents’ grade, intergroup attitudes, and social‐cognitive abilities were evaluated as predictors of bystander responses. Nonimmigrant‐origin adolescents reported that they expect they would be less likely to intervene when the victim is an immigrant‐origin peer. Furthermore, participants with more intergroup contact and higher theory of mind were more likely to expect they would intervene in response to bias‐based bullying. Findings have important implications for understanding factors that inform antibullying interventions that aim to tackle bias‐based bullying against immigrants.
Variety of endosomal TLRs and Interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ) expression profiles in patients with SLE, SSc and MCTD
Authors: Paradowska-Gorycka A , Wajda A , Stypinska B , Walczuk E , Rzeszotarska E , Walczyk M , Haladyj E , Romanowska-Prochnicka K , Felis-Giemza A , Lewandowska A , Olesińska M 
Published: December 2020

SummaryWe investigated Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3/-7/-8/-9 and interferon (IFN)-α/β/γ mRNA expression in whole blood and serum IFN-α/β/γ levels in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) and in healthy subjects to assess the association between the TLR–IFN expression and severity of and susceptibility to diseases, and identify potential biomarkers. Expression of the IFN-γ, TLR-3 and TLR-8 was detected only in SLE patients. TLR-7, IFN-α and IFN-β expression was highest in SLE, while TLR-9 expression was highest in SSc patients. In SLE and MCTD patients a strong correlation was observed between TLR-7 and IFN-α expression and IFN-β and IFN-α expression. In MCTD patients, negative correlation between IFN-α and TLR-9 and TLR-7 and TLR-9 was revealed. TLR-9 expression in anti-U1-70k-negative, anti-C negative and anti-SmB-negative MCTD patients was higher than in MCTD-positive patients. We observed negative correlations between serum IFN-α levels and TLR-7 expression and C3 and C4 levels in SLE patients. In SLE patients we observed that with increased IFN-γ, TLR-3 and TLR-8 expression increased the value of C3 and C4. Our results confirmed that the endosomal TLR–IFN pathway seems to be more important in SLE than in MCTD or SSc, and that IFN-α and IFN-β may be possible biomarkers for SLE.
Super enhancers—Functional cores under the 3D genome
Authors: Zhang Juqing , Yue Wei , Zhou Yaqi , Liao Mingzhi , Chen Xingqi , Hua Jinlian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComplex biochemical reactions take place in the nucleus all the time. Transcription machines must follow the rules. The chromatin state, especially the three‐dimensional structure of the genome, plays an important role in gene regulation and expression. The super enhancers are important for defining cell identity in mammalian developmental processes and human diseases. It has been shown that the major components of transcriptional activation complexes are recruited by super enhancer to form phase‐separated condensates. We summarize the current knowledge about super enhancer in the 3D genome. Furthermore, a new related transcriptional regulation model from super enhancer is outlined to explain its role in the mammalian cell progress.
Impact of age mismatch between donor and recipient on heart transplant mortality
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Bonnell Levi N. , Prikis Marios , Solomon Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effect of donor‐to‐recipient (D‐R) age mismatch in adult heart transplant population is not clearly described, and we undertook this study to determine the impact of age mismatch on mortality. Heart transplant recipients from 2000 to 2017 were identified using the United Network of Organ Sharing database. The cohort was divided into three groups: donor age within 5 years of recipient age (Group 1), donors >5 years younger than recipient (group 2), and donors >5 years older than recipients (Group 3). We also evaluated if this finding changed by recipient age. Twenty eight thousand, four hundred and eleven patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared to group 1, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for mortality for group 2 was 0.91 (0.83–0.99, p value <.039) and for group 3 was 1.36 (1.21–1.52, p value <.001); however, when looking at recipient age as continuous variable, receiving a younger heart was protective only for recipients younger than 45 years of age, and receiving a heart transplant from an older donor was detrimental only in recipients aged 25–35.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonatal non‐epileptic paroxysmal events: a prospective study
Authors: Romano Catia , Giacchi Valentina , Mauceri Laura , Pavone Piero , Taibi Rosaria , Gulisano Mariangela , Rizzo Renata , Ruggieri Martino , Falsaperla Raffaele 
Published: December 2020

AimTo report on psychomotor development and outcomes in term born neonates with non‐epileptic paroxysmal events (NEPEs).MethodFrom October 2017 to March 2019 we enrolled 38 consecutive term born neonates (22 males, 16 females; aged between 0–28d), born at the University Hospital San Marco in Catania, Italy, with NEPEs. We performed the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination scale (at enrolment), the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) scale (at age 3, 6, 9, and 12mo), and the Griffiths scale (at age 12mo).ResultsThe age at onset of first paroxysmal manifestations ranged from birth to 4 days. We recorded a suboptimal global score in 18 out of 38 patients at enrolment and in 10 out of 38 patients at age 3 months (>70% of these infants were male); all events disappeared within 6 months of life. At age 6, 9, and 12 months, all infants scored within normal values on the HINE and Griffiths scale.InterpretationPatients with NEPEs achieve neurodevelopment optimal scores within their first year of life.What this paper addsNeonates experiencing non‐epileptic paroxysmal events (NEPEs) can be examined with the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination, Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, and Griffiths scale at follow‐up.Newborn infants with NEPEs achieve optimal scores within the first year of life.
The effect of preceding glucose decline rate on low‐dose glucagon efficacy in individuals with type 1 diabetes: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Laugesen Christian , Schmidt Signe , Holst Jens Juul , Nørgaard Kirsten , Ranjan Ajenthen G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIdentifying determinants of low‐dose glucagon efficacy is important to optimise its utilization for prevention and treatment of hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes. The study objective was to investigate whether the preceding glucose decline rate affects glucose response to low‐dose glucagon administration. Ten adults with insulin pump‐treated type 1 diabetes were included in this randomized, single‐blind, two‐way crossover study. Using a hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique, plasma glucose levels were reduced with either a rapid or slow decline rate while maintaining fixed insulin levels. When the plasma glucose level reached 3.9 mmoL/L, insulin and glucose infusions were discontinued and 150 μg subcutaneous glucagon was administered, followed by 120 minutes of plasma glucose monitoring. The positive incremental area under the glucose curve after administration of low‐dose glucagon did not differ between the rapid‐decline and slow‐decline visits (mean ± SEM: 220 ± 49 vs. 174 ± 31 mmoL/L x min; P = 0.21). Similarly, no differences in total area under the glucose curve, peak plasma glucose, incremental peak plasma glucose, time‐to‐peak plasma glucose or end plasma glucose were observed. Thus, preceding glucose decline rate did not significantly affect the glucose response to low‐dose glucagon.
External validity of type 2 diabetes clinical trials on cardiovascular outcomes for a multimorbid population
Authors: Lazar Neto Felippe , Mendes Thiago Bosco , Matos Paulo Marcelo Pontes Gomes , de Oliveira Julio César , Favarato Maria Helena Sampaio , Lin Chin An , Martins Milton Arruda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the external validity of recent antihyperglycaemic trials evaluating cardiovascular outcomes in a multimorbid population.Materials and MethodsSelection criteria of 15 randomized controlled trials from the 2020 American Diabetes Association Standard of Care statement were applied in a stepwise manner to tertiary care patients with type 2 diabetes. Primary outcomes were the number of patients eligible per individual trial and for the aggregate of trials. Secondary outcomes included patient predictors of trial eligibility.ResultsOf 1059 patients, the mean (SD) age was 66 (10.74) years, the median (IQR) Charlson index was 2 (2, 3) and 458 (43%) had documented cardiovascular disease. The median (IQR) number of patients included in individual trials was 263 (174.25–308.75) and 795 (75.1%) of them were eligible for at least one trial. Among those 264 ineligible, 127 (48.1%) had an HbA1c level of 7% or less and no cardiovascular disease; 53.5% and 34.4% of the patients were eligible for two and three different classes of drugs, respectively. The strongest predictor of trial eligibility was cardiovascular disease (risk ratio 2.17, 95% CI 2.01–2.35).ConclusionsA considerable proportion of multimorbid patients would be eligible for recent antihyperglycaemic trials. This positive finding can be attributed to development guidance in diabetes trials and the different approach we took, in which we evaluated inclusion by trials as an aggregate.
Grieving the Earth as Prayer
Authors: Malcolm Hannah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is not so much a new kind of crisis as our most recent reminder of the dysfunction of human relations with the world we inhabit. This article argues that transforming our relations with other creatures begins with an examination of the call to be human: understanding the kind of creature we are and therefore how to live alongside other creatures with natures distinct from our own. It critiques the tendency to overemphasize human distinctiveness (anthropocentrism) or creatureliness (biocentrism, ecocentrism) to the detriment of our interpretations of human nature. Employing Jean‐Louis Chrétien’s phenomenology of prayer as wounded speech, it proposes that climate/ecological grief mediates the tension of our distance from and intimacy with other creatures. Speech expressing grief over the world therefore re‐embeds humans in our finitude and contingency while nevertheless treating human nature as containing a particular call to participate in Christ’s transforming work.
Multisectoral one health approach to make aquaculture and fisheries resilient to a future pandemic‐like situation
Authors: Jamwal Ankur , Phulia Vikas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2, has presented itself as a wicked problem where both the disease and its containment measures have caused significant human suffering. The pandemic has also affected every aspect of aquaculture and capture fisheries. Zoonotic origin of the SARS‐CoV‐2 and its containment measures, such as restrictions on the mobility of people, social distancing and ban on public gathering, have disrupted fish production, supply chain, consumer behaviour and perception for fish as a food item. The debilitating effect of COVID‐19 on the global economy has also left people with less dispensable income, which can translate to poor fish sales in the upcoming years. Therefore, the effects of COVID‐19 on society are not only a medical issue but have more profound and long‐lasting socioeconomic consequences. The current article reviews the existing literature across multiple disciplines to determine the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on multiple aspects of the aquaculture and fishing industry; aquaculture and capture fishery, post‐harvest processing of fish, supply chain and consumer behaviour. The article also provides recommendations for making different aspects of aquaculture and fisheries resilient to a future pandemic‐like situation. The recommendations are inspired by the principles of One Health that range from biological to socioeconomic aspects of the sector. A One Health approach is a collaborative effort from professionals belonging, but not limited, to the disciplines of medicine, veterinary, environment, economics, education and social sciences to make policy‐level interventions for problems that can be difficult to address using conventional approach.
Long‐term, amplified responses of soil organic carbon to nitrogen addition worldwide
Authors: Xu Chonghua , Xu Xia , Ju Chenghui , Chen Han Y. H. , Wilsey Brian J. , Luo Yiqi , Fan Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a critical role in mitigating climate change. Increasing reactive nitrogen (N) in ecosystems caused by anthropogenic N input substantially affects SOC dynamics. However, uncertainties remain concerning the effects of N addition on SOC in both organic and mineral soil layers over time at the global scale. Here, we analysed a large empirical data set spanning 60 years across 369 sites worldwide to explore the temporal dynamics of SOC to N addition. We found that N addition significantly increased SOC across the globe by 4.2% (2.7%–5.8%). SOC increases were amplified from short‐ to long‐term N addition durations in both organic and mineral soil layers. The positive effects of N addition on SOC were independent of ecosystem types, mean annual temperature and precipitation. Our findings suggest that SOC increases largely resulted from the enhanced plant C input to soils coupled with reduced C loss from decomposition and amplification was associated with reduced microbial biomass and respiration under long‐term N addition. Our study suggests that N addition will enhance SOC sequestration over time and contribute to future climate change mitigation.
Global macroecology of nitrogen‐fixing plants
Authors: Tamme Riin , Pärtel Meelis , Kõljalg Urmas , Laanisto Lauri , Liira Jaan , Mander Ülo , Moora Mari , Niinemets Ülo , Öpik Maarja , Ostonen Ivika , Tedersoo Leho , Zobel Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimPlants that host root‐symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing bacteria have an important role in driving terrestrial ecosystem processes, but N‐fixing ability is unequally distributed among plant taxa and ecosystems. Here we explore the large‐scale distribution of N‐fixing plant species worldwide.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe estimated root‐symbiotic N‐fixing plant species diversity (as Shannon entropy) and relative richness (log‐ratio of N‐fixing to non‐fixing plant species) for c. 7,800 km2 hexagonal grid cells using the NodDB and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) databases. Additionally, we explored the distributions of plant species associated with rhizobia, actinobacteria or cyanobacteria (relative to other plant species), and the relative richness of N‐fixing trees (log‐ratio of N‐fixing to non‐fixing trees). We related N‐fixing plant species distribution to environmental (climate, soil) and biogeographical (biome, realm) variables using multiple linear regression.ResultsN‐fixing plant diversity and relative richness showed unimodal relationships with latitude. Diversity of N‐fixing plants was highest in warm and wet climates, but in dry biomes and in Australasia. The relative richness of N‐fixing plants was highest in warm and dry climates, in tropical and temperate grasslands and in Eurasia. Plants associated with cyanobacteria were more widely distributed near the equator, while those associated with rhizobia were more prevalent at the edge of the tropics, and those associated with actinobacteria at higher latitudes (especially in boreal forests). The relative richness of N‐fixing tree species was highest in cold and dry areas and in boreal forests, with contrasting peaks in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.Main conclusionsThe distribution of N‐fixing plant species exhibits regional hotspots and coldspots related to both environmental conditions and biogeographical history. Global N‐fixing plant distributions are different for the key root‐symbiotic bacterial groups. Information about N‐fixing plant distribution can improve global models of ecosystem functions and contribute to understanding how plants respond to global change.
Characterizing the providers of and reimbursement for chronic migraine chemodenervation among the Medicare population
Authors: Torabi Sina J. , Kasle David A. , Savoca Emily L. , Gottschalk Christopher H. , Manes R. Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize reimbursement trends and providers for chronic migraine (CM) chemodenervation treatment within the Medicare population since the introduction of the migraine‐specific CPT code in 2013.MethodsWe describe trends in procedure volume and total allowed charge on cross‐sectional data obtained from 2013 to 2018 Medicare Part B National Summary files. We also utilized the 2017 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data to analyze higher volume providers (>10 procedures) of this treatment modality.ResultsThe total number of CM chemodenervation treatments rose from 37,863 in 2013 to 135,023 in 2018 in a near‐linear pattern (r = 0.999) and total allowed charges rose from ~$5,217,712 to $19,166,160 (r = 0.999). The majority of high‐volume providers were neurologists (78.4%; 1060 of 1352), but a substantial proportion were advanced practice providers (APPs) (10.2%; 138 of 1352). Of the physicians, neurologists performed a higher mean number of procedures per physician compared to non‐neurologists (59.6 [95% CI: 56.6–62.6] vs. 45.4 [95% CI: 41.0–50.0], p < 0.001). When comparing physicians and APPs, APPs were paid significantly less ($146.5 [95% CI: $145.6–$147.5] vs. $119.7 [95% CI: $117.6–$121.8], p < 0.001). As a percent of the number of total beneficiaries in each state, the percent of Medicare patients receiving ≥1 CM chemodenervation treatment from a high‐volume provider in 2017 ranged from 0.024% (24 patients of 98,033 beneficiaries) in Wyoming to 0.135% (997 of 736,521) in Arizona, with six states falling outside of this range.ConclusionChemodenervation is an increasingly popular treatment for CM among neurologists and other providers, but the reason for this increase is unclear. There is substantial geographic variation in its use.
Neuropathic ulcers: a focused review
Authors: Urso Brittany , Ghias Mondana , John Anan , Khachemoune Amor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeuropathic ulcers or diabetic foot ulcers are preventable ulcers associated with diabetes mellitus. These ulcers occur in the setting of unrecognized trauma, peripheral neuropathy, and foot deformities; however, they are often complicated by peripheral arterial disease and infection. Approximately 15% of individuals with a neuropathic ulcer require limb amputation as a result of infection. Not only are neuropathic ulcers a burden to the patient but also to the economy. The cost of diabetic foot ulcer care is approximately $1.38 billion per year. This makes neuropathic ulcers an important therapeutic target. This review presents the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, management, and prevention of neuropathic ulcers.
The dynamics of outsourcing: From labor cost‐saving to preference‐based outsourcing
Authors: Cheng Wan‐Jung , Riezman Raymond , Wang Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractJones's (2000) celebrated book has inspired a generation of work devoted to understanding the causes and consequences of outsourcing. While much of this work has focused on the outsourcing versus domestic production decision of the firm, with labor cost‐saving as the key driver for outsourcing, we further explore how preference‐based outsourcing may arise in a dynamic world equilibrium. We address this problem in a North–South model in which the outsourcing decision depends not only on labor costs but also on information about local preferences that arise with outsourcing. As the South develops, demand for manufactured goods becomes more important, so identifying specific tastes of Southern consumers matters more. As a result, preference‐based outsourcing displaces cost‐saving outsourcing. Our quantitative analysis indicates that, as both agricultural and manufacturing technologies grow over time, the dynamic world equilibrium switches from the export regime to the cost‐saving outsourcing regime, and eventually to the preference‐based outsourcing regime.