bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid Use in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Lin Xiwu , Lofland Jennifer , Zhang Ling , Sloan Sheldon , Chamaa Laila , Marano Colleen , Plevy Scott 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Data on opioid use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the relationship between disease, opioid use, and healthcare resource utilization are needed.

Methods
This analysis of real-world data from IBM Watson Health Commercial Claims and Encounters Database included patients with the first claim of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) between 2007 and 2014.

Results
Opioid use was higher in patients with IBD than in the matched non-IBD cohort. Adjusted for age, gender, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score, inpatient and emergency room visits risk was higher in opioid users than non-users in both IBD cohorts.

Conclusions
Opioid use could be a potential surrogate for inadequate disease control manifested by increased inpatient and emergency room visit risks. These results suggest a need exists for better disease management and the development of an outcomes measurement tool for IBD pain.
A case report of Kounis syndrome presenting with a rash, very late stent thrombosis and coronary evaginations
Authors: Fujisaki Tomohiro , Higa Tomitaka , Uechi Yoichi , Maehira Naoya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Very late stent thrombosis (ST) is a concern in the era of drug-eluting stents (DESs), and ST is associated with peri-DES coronary artery aneurysmal lesions or coronary evaginations. An increasing number of cases of concurrent systemic allergic reaction and ST have been reported as Kounis syndrome (KS) in the literature. The number of patients with very late ST caused by KS is small, and further investigation of the potential pathophysiology is required.

Case summary
We report a case of KS that manifested as systemic urticaria followed by very late ST 14 years after placement of two sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs). Three months after the event of ST, coronary evaginations at the stented segments were detected on intravascular optical coherence tomography.

Discussion
Coronary evaginations are associated with local hypersensitivity, stent malapposition, uncovered strut, and flow disturbance that may predispose to ST. Systemic allergic reactions are known to promote platelet adhesion and aggregation. This case of KS suggests a pathophysiology in which the synergic effects between the coronary evaginations and a systemic allergic reaction may contribute to very late ST. For patients with Type 3 KS, performing follow-up intracoronary imaging tests may be important to confirm potential coronary evaginations, especially in patients with SESs.
Microbial sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the prospect of organic residues and wastes as growth media for PUFA-producing microorganisms
Authors: Kothri Maria , Mavrommati Maria , Elazzazy Ahmed M , Baeshen Mohamed N , Moussa Tarek A A , Aggelis George 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The discovery of non-fish sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of great biotechnological importance. Although various oleaginous microalgae and fungi are able of accumulating storage lipids (single cell oils – SCOs) containing PUFAs, the industrial applications utilizing these organisms are rather limited due to the high-fermentation cost. However, combining SCO production with other biotechnological applications, including waste and by-product valorization, can overcome this difficulty. In the current review, we present the major sources of fungi (i.e. members of Mucoromycota, fungoid-like Thraustochytrids and genetically modified strains of Yarrowia lipolytica) and microalgae (e.g. Isochrysis, NannochloropsisandTetraselmis) that have come recently to the forefront due to their ability to produce PUFAs. Approaches adopted in order to increase PUFA productivity and the potential of using various residues, such as agro-industrial, food and aquaculture wastes as fermentation substrates for SCO production have been considered and discussed. We concluded that several organic residues can be utilized as feedstock in the SCO production increasing the competitiveness of oleaginous organisms against conventional PUFA producers.
The Emerging Role of Noncoding RNAs in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Jabandziev Petr , Bohosova Julia , Pinkasova Tereza , Kunovsky Lumir , Slaby Ondrej , Goel Ajay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gut, has been on the rise in recent years—not only in the adult population but also especially in pediatric patients. Despite the absence of curative treatments, current therapeutic options are able to achieve long-term remission in a significant proportion of cases. To this end, however, there is a need for biomarkers enabling accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to therapies to facilitate a more individualized approach to pediatric IBD patients. In recent years, evidence has continued to evolve concerning noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their roles as integral factors in key immune-related cellular pathways. Specific deregulation patterns of ncRNAs have been linked to pathogenesis of various diseases, including pediatric IBD. In this article, we provide an overview of current knowledge on ncRNAs, their altered expression profiles in pediatric IBD patients, and how these are emerging as potentially valuable clinical biomarkers as we enter an era of personalized medicine.
An algorithm for calculating Hermite-based finite difference weights
Authors: Fornberg Bengt 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Finite difference (FD) formulas approximate derivatives by weighted sums of function values. Given arbitrarily distributed node locations in one-dimension, a previous algorithm by the present author (1988, Generation of finite difference formulas on arbitrarily spaced grids. Math. Comput., 51, 699–706) provides FD weights of optimal order of accuracy for approximating any order derivative at a specified location. This algorithm is extended here to the case of finding weights to apply not only to function values but also to first derivative values in the case that these also are available. The MATLAB code for the algorithm is provided, and two examples are given to illustrate how this type of FD stencil can be applied to solving partial differential equations.
Population pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone administered as continuous or intermittent infusion in critically ill patients
Authors: Leegwater E , Kraaijenbrink B V C , Moes D J A R , Purmer I M , Wilms E B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the population pharmacokinetics and protein-binding characteristics of unbound ceftriaxone administered as continuous or intermittent infusion. Additionally, to determine the optimal dosing regimen in critically ill patients.

Methods
A pharmacokinetic study was performed in the ICU of a tertiary teaching hospital. Patients were treated with ceftriaxone as continuous or intermittent infusion. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with non-linear mixed-effects analysis. Subsequently, the PTA of a 100% T&gt;MIC was assessed for influential patient characteristics using Monte Carlo simulation.

Results
Fifty-five patients were included. The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone was best described by a one-compartment model with non-linear saturable protein binding including the following covariates: body weight, estimated CLCR, serum albumin concentration and mode of administration. For pathogens with an MIC of 1 mg/L, the simulation demonstrated that intermittent infusion of 2 g/24 h only resulted in a ≥90% PTA in patients with a reduced CLCR (0–60 mL/min). Intermittent infusion of 2 g/12 h led to sufficient exposure if CLCR was 0–90 mL/min and continuous infusion of 2 g/24 h led to a ≥90% PTA in all simulations (CLCR 0–180 mL/min).

Conclusions
In the critically ill, the clearance of unbound ceftriaxone is closely related to CLCR. Furthermore, ceftriaxone protein binding is saturable, variable and dependent on serum albumin concentration. Intermittent dosing of 2 g/24 h ceftriaxone leads to subtherapeutic exposure in patients with a normal or increased CLCR. Treating these patients with continuous infusion of 2 g/24 h is more effective than an intermittent dosing regimen of 2 g/12 h.
Effectiveness of boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine in patients with long-lasting HIV-1 infection: DARIL study
Authors: Navarro Jordi , González-Cordón Ana , Casado José Luís , Bernardino Jose I , Domingo Pere , Portilla Joaquin , Llibre Josep Maria , Colomer Joan , Rial-Crestelo David , Vizcarra Pilar , Curran Adrià , Martínez Esteban , Ribera Esteban 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The combination of boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine, once daily, could be a convenient, effective and well-tolerated two-drug regimen to achieve HIV suppression in HIV-infected patients.

Methods
Multicentre, retrospective cohort study in nine hospitals in Spain. All HIV-infected subjects starting boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine were included, irrespective of their viral load (VL). The primary objective was the percentage of patients with VL &lt;50 copies/mL at 48 weeks. Secondary objectives included changes in CD4+ cell count, lipid profile and renal function.

Results
Eighty-one of 84 patients reached Week 48. Fifty-nine (70.2%) patients had VL &lt;50 copies/mL at baseline and the rest had a median VL of 202 (IQR 98–340) copies/mL. Subjects had a median of 21 years of infection with six prior regimens. The main reasons for starting boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine were simplification (44%), kidney or bone toxicity (28.6%) and virological failure (17.9%). Historical genotypes from 47 patients showed 41 (87.2%) patients with NRTI RAMs, 21 (44.7%) with NNRTI RAMs, 12 (25.5%) with primary PI RAMs and 7 (14.9%) with integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) RAMs. One patient had low-level resistance to boosted darunavir and five patients had some resistance to rilpivirine. At 48 weeks, 71 (87.7%) patients had VL &lt;50 copies/mL. According to undetectable or detectable baseline VL, effectiveness was 91.1% or 80%, respectively. There were four virological failures with no emergence of new RAMs. Three of these patients resuppressed viraemia while maintaining the same regimen.

Conclusions
The combination of boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine has shown good effectiveness and tolerability in this cohort of pretreated patients with a long-lasting HIV infection, exposure to multiple antiretroviral regimens and prior HIV resistance.
Determination of Bisphenol A in Sewage Effluent and Sludge by Solid-Phase and Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lee Hing-Biu , Peart Thomas E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Methods have been developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) residues in municipal sewage and sludge samples. BPA in wastewater samples was enriched with a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge, eluted with acetone, and converted to the pentafluoropropionyl derivative. For sludge samples, BPA was acetylated and extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. In both cases, BPA-d16 was used as a surrogate to monitor extraction efficiency. Final analyses of derivatized sample extracts were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry operating in the electron impact mode. For water samples, mean recoveries and standard deviations were 89 ± 6, 94 ± 4, and 85 ± 7% at fortification levels of 1, 0.1, and 0.025 μg/L, respectively, with a method detection limit of 0.006 μg/L. For solid waste samples, mean recoveries and standard deviations were 93 ± 5 and 92 ± 6% at fortification levels of 2.5 and 0.25 μg/g, respectively, and the method detection limit was 0.05 μg/g. For the Canadian samples under investigation, concentrations of BPA ranged from 49.9 to 0.031 μg/L in sewage influent and effluent, and from 36.7 to 0.104 μg/g in sludge.
Determination of Lead in Botanicals/Chinese Prepared Medicines by Using Microwave Digestion with Flow Injection–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ong Eng-Shi , Yong Yuk-Lin , Woo Soo-On 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and rapid method was developed for the determination of lead in botanicals and Chinese prepared medicines (CPM) by using closed-vessel microwave digestion with flow injection–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The limits of detection and quantitation for the method, based on 0.5 g digested sample, were calculated to be 0.10 and 0.61 mg/kg, respectively. A simple approach was proposed for calibration by multiple linear regression (MLR) with 207Pb, 206Pb, and 204Pb for the determination of lead in botanical and CPM samples. The results from calibration by MLR were compared with those obtained by conventional modes using 207Pb and the sum of 207Pb and 206Pb. The results obtained by the different modes of calibration were in good agreement for botanical and CPM samples. The method was found to have good accuracy for the analysis of botanical reference materials. Method precision based on analyses of different types of CPM samples by different analysts on different days for different levels of lead was between 3.0 and 8.0% (relative standard deviation, n = 6). The effect of possible matrix interference caused by nitric acid and the extent of digestion was investigated with the method of standard additions. Significant matrix interference was not observed for the CPM samples analyzed. MLR was used to examine the effect of variation in isotopic abundance, which was found to present no significant problem in the determination of lead in the botanical and CPM samples.
Determination of Tilmicosin Residues in Cow and Sheep Milk by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Stobba-Wiley Carolyn M , Readnour Robin S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This method was developed and validated to detect and quantitate tilmicosin residues in cow milk over a range of 0.010–10 μg/mL, and in sheep milk over a range of 0.025–0.5 μg/mL. The procedure involves extracting the milk sample with acetonitrile and using a C18 cartridge to perform a solid-phase extraction cleanup of the extract. A reversed-phase gradient liquid chromatography method with detection at 280 nm is used to separate the tilmicosin from matrix components in a 30 min run time. The limit of quantitation of the method is 0.010 μg/mL for cow milk, and 0.025 μg/mL for sheep milk. Average percentage recoveries for milk samples ranged from 82 to 94%. Percentage relative standard deviation values ranged from 3.1 to 17.2%.
Confirmation of Patulin and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Apple Juice by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Rupp Heidi S , Turnipseed Sherri B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method was developed for the confirmation of patulin and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) extracted from apple juice. The extraction is based on the official AOAC method for liquid chromatographic analysis. Juice extracts are quickly and easily derivatized with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoracetamide under mild conditions, and the trimethylsilyl ethers of the analytes are stable for at least several hours. The analytes are determined by GC/MS using an electron-impact source and selected ion monitoring of characteristic ions. For both analytes, the interassay differences between base-peak ratios for samples and standards were all &lt;7.1% (absolute). The presence of patulin was confirmed at fortification levels of about 30–400 μg/L and naturally occurring levels of about 80–400 μg/L. The presence of HMF was also confirmed at levels ≤2 mg/L. The proposed mass spectral fragmentation pathways of the analytes are presented.
Comparative Study of Epithelial and Fibroblastic Cell Lines as an Alternative Cytotoxicity Test to the Draize Method
Authors: Pinto Terezinha De J A , Azevedo Janice C De , Cruz Áurea S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Several methods are being used with considerable advantage as alterantives to the Draize test, although some technical difficulties still persist. This work compared the sensitivity of HeLa and NCTC L 929 cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of shampoos used by adults and children (undiluted and diluted to 25, 5, 1, and 0.1%), and eye drops and their containers and surfactants (diluted to 30, 10, 1, and 0.1%). Nondiluted adult shampoos and their 25 and 5% dilutions were cytoxic for both cell lines. When diluted to 1%, only one of the shampoos was noncytotoxic, whereas among those diluted to 0.1%, only one was cytotoxic. Children's shampoos were cytotoxic when not diluted or diluted to 25%. From those diluted to 5%, only one was noncytotoxic for both cell lines. The cytotoxic tests showed that the eye drops and their containers were noncytotoxic. Surfactants were cytotoxic when diluted to 30 and 10% and noncytotoxic when diluted to 1 and 0.1%. An excellent correlation (r = 0.95) was demonstrated between the sensitivity of the HeLa and NCTC L929 cells in the evaluation of cytotoxicity reactions.
Color Measurement of Rosemary Honey in the Solid State by Reflectance Spectroscopy with Black Background
Authors: Negueruela Angel I , Perez-Arquillue Consuelo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A colorimetric method was developed to measure the color of rosemary honeys in the solid state, without liquefaction. The color of 20 solid samples of rosemary honeys was measured by reflectance spectroscopy with white and black background in cells of 1 cm pathlength. The Kulbelka-Munk theory of turbid media was applied to calculate the spectral distribution of reflectivity, internal transmittance, and coefficients of absorbance and scattering of light. From these spectral distributions, 2 different types of honey were found. The honey colors measured from reflectivity and internal transmittance are well grouped. The colors obtained from reflectivity and those obtained from reflectance with black background show high linear correlation (r2 &gt; 0.99). As a practical application, measurements of reflectance with black background in cells of 1 cm pathlength can be used to determine the color of these honeys in the solid state.
Headspace Gas Chromatographic Determination of 1,3-Butadiene in Simulated Saliva
Authors: Abrantes Shirley , Santos Tereza C Dos , SimÕES Grazieli 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A headspace gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed to determine 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD) in simulated saliva in contact with chewing gum. The calibration graph was linear, and the limit of detection was 0.004 mg/L, which is well below the migration limit for this substance. The headspace GC method provides rapid and reliable analysis for monitoring 1,3-BD migration from chewing gum into simulated saliva. In this paper, we report headspace methodology for sensitive determination of 1,3-BD in chewing gum and results of selected analyses, enabling preliminary assessment of possible exposure to 1,3-BD through migration.
Effect of Storage Temperature on Degradation of Methidathion in Fortified Orange and Peach Juices
Authors: Kyriakidis Nikolaos B , Athanasopoulos Panagiotis , Georgitsanakou Ioulia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The effect of storage temperature on methidathion degradation in orange and peach juices was studied. The insecticide was aseptically added to packed orange and peach juices, which were stored at 40, 15, and 0°C. Samples were taken at regular intervals and examined for residues of methidathion. Residues were determined with a simple gas chromatographic method; recoveries of methidathion from orange and peach juices ranged from 88.1 to 110% for both juices, and the limits of determination were 0.004 and 0.003 mg/kg, respectively. The experimental data were used to evaluate rate constants, half-lives, and times required to reach legal maximum residue limits, and activation energies for the decomposition of methidathion in orange and peach juices. Storage of fruit juices in refrigerated rooms greatly extended the half-life of methidathion beyond that of methidathion in samples stored at higher temperatures. Half-life values for methidathion in orange and peach juices, respectively, were 4.1 and 3.8 days for storage at 40°C, 115 and 113 days for storage at 15°C, and 330 and 385 days for storage at 0°C. Activation energies for methidathion degradation in orange and peach juices were 22.6 and 21.7 kcal/mol, respectively.
Error Propagation as a Factor in Selection of Measurement Intervals for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Second-Derivative Spectrofluorimetry
Authors: Eiroa Áurea Andrade , Blanco Esther Vázquez , Mahía Purificación López , Lorenzo Soledad Muniategui , Rodríguez Darío Prada , Fernández Esther Fernández 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The most suitable wavelength intervals were selected for the determination of 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; benzo[g,h,i]perylene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, pyrene, and triphenylene) in very complex mixtures of 11 PAHs: anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and triphenylene. The multiple linear regression algorithm was applied to measurements made in several wavelength intervals previously selected on the basis of sensitivity and minimum number of interfering compounds. Of the different models obtained, those displaying minimum error propagation in the analytical result were selected. By applying the models proposed in this study, we precisely and accurately determined benzo[g,h,i]perylene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, pyrene, and triphenylene in complex mixtures—a feat that could not be achieved by the use of constant-wavelength spectrofluorimetry in combination with second-derivative techniques.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nicarbazin in Feeds
Authors: Krabel Beverly J , Dickson David A , Zimmermann Alan G , Coleman Mark R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new liquid chromatographic method has been developed for determination of nicarbazin in feeds. Approximately 40 g feed is extracted with 200 mL acetonitrile–water (80 + 20, v/v). An aliquot of the extract is filtered and assayed using a reversed-phase isocratic method that measures the 4,4′–dinitrocarbanilide moiety of nicarbazin at a wavelength of 340 nm. For medicated feeds, the method uses a standard linear range of 5 to 100 μg/mL. For lower levels, a linear range of 50 to 150 ng/mL can be used. The method has a limit of detection of 250 ng/g and a limit of quantitation of 500 ng/g in a 40 g feed sample. Recovery was 99.1%, with a range of 95.2 to 101.8%. In the typical U.S. dosing range of 27 to 113.5 g/ton, the precision of the method based on one analyst, one day, and 2 weighings ranged from 2.8% (113.5 g/ton) to 4.7% (27 g/ton).
Quantitative In Vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Interleukin-11
Authors: Yokota Hiroyuki , Kishimoto Mika , Saito Hiroshi , Sakai Tomoyuki , Yokota Shoji , Kojima Seiki , Taniguchi Yoshitaka , Kaniwa Hidetoshi , Saisho Norishige 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A cell culture-based in vitro bioassay was developed to measure the biological activity of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11). The bioassay measures induced proliferation of T10 cells, derived from the T1165 murine plasmacytoma line. A colorimetrically detectable formazan product, obtained by cellular reduction of the tetrazolium compound, 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1, 3-benzene disulfonate (WST-1), was used as an endpoint for response of clone T10 to added rhIL-11. Positions of the samples and the standards in 96-well microplates affected the precision of this bioassay, which was improved by using 2 microplates where serially diluted sample and standard lines were interleaved and their positions were alternated. The coefficient of variation for this bioassay was less than 8%. This method is suitable for quality control of rhIL-11 because of its simplicity, reproducibility, and accuracy.