bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A035: Let's talk research: Community ambassadors engaging African Americans
Authors: Washington Armenta , Gonzalez Evelyn T. , Ortiz Rosa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The role of research has been instrumental in extending cancer survivorship and improving overall cancer care. Despite these advances, African Americans continue to suffer disproportionately from cancer. Research shows that the majority of people with cancer are unaware that clinical trials are an option; given the opportunity, most stated that they would enroll. Fox Chase Cancer Center is committed to improving health care outcomes for the communities it serves by expanding education and outreach efforts focused on cancer prevention, screening, early detection, treatment, and survivorship. Using a community-based intervention, we designed a Community Ambassador Training (CAT) program to develop a cohort of lay community members to engage primarily African American communities in conversations regarding the importance of research participation. We also evaluated the efficacy of the CAT in increasing participants' knowledge regarding clinical trials and biospecimen research and their ability to accurately, disseminate this knowledge. Working through community partners and building on prior research efforts, Community Health Educators (CHE) funded by NCI's Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities trained three cohorts of African Americans to become community ambassadors. Thirty-five individuals participated and 19 completed the full training. The seven-week program included didactic teaching that addressed the role of research, the research process, past abuses, and existing laws and regulations. The program also included interactive exercises that empowered participants to feel comfortable sharing information with other community members. Results from the study show that following completion of the program, there was a notable increase in participants' knowledge and comfort with discussing cancer research with others. During our session, we will share our approach, methods, activities, lessons learned, challenges, and next steps.
Citation Format: Armenta Washington, Evelyn T. Gonzalez, Rosa Ortiz. Let's talk research: Community ambassadors engaging African Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A035.
Abstract A060: [Advocate Abstract] Pathways to ovarian cancer
Authors: Richardson Kimberly 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ovarian cancer has common symptoms but how easily are they ignored in the African American community? How is the diagnosis shared amongst family members, particularly amongst females in the immediate family? Is there a cultural stigma that prohibits African American women from being specific about the type of cancer they've been diagnosed with? Can answers to these questions result in earlier detection for the next generation of ovarian cancer survivors? I will explore how and why symptoms can be ignored by age groups from 30 to 65 and the role the gynecologist can play in earlier detection of ovarian cancer. I will lead a discussion on the stigma of cancer in the black community and why African American women tend not to disclose the specificity of their cancer, nor encourage female family members to test for BRCA1.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Kimberly Richardson. [Advocate Abstract] Pathways to ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A060.
Abstract A077: Examining the relationship between various informal sources of social support and the physical well-being among cancer survivors
Authors: Strayhorn Shaila M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cancer survivors have previously reported lower quality of life scores compared to non-cancer survivors. More specifically, the quality of life domain of physical well-being has previously been shown to be significantly worse among cancer survivors compared to non-cancer survivors. Previous studies have observed that specific sources of informal social support (i.e., support from family and friends) can improve a cancer survivor's physical well-being. However, no studies to date have assessed if support from fictive kin (or individuals who are not related by marriage or blood but are considered to be an extension of the family) and church members may also play a role on the physical well-being of cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between four informal sources of social support (i.e., family, friends, fictive kin, and church members) and the physical well-being among cancer survivors. Findings were based on data collected from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) dataset. Physical well-being was measured using the following item from the NSAL dataset: “How would you rate your overall physical health at the present time?” A total of 238 cancer survivors (n=70 non-Hispanic whites, n=36 Caribbean Blacks, n=132 African Americans) comprised the study sample. Multiple imputation analyses were conducted within SAS to assess the associations between the informal sources of social support and the physical well-being among cancer survivors. All multiple imputation analyses were controlled for gender, age, race, household income, years of education, marital status, employment status, length of time residing in the U.S, and insurance coverage. Neither friends (β= -0.07, SE=0.09, p=0.42) nor fictive kin (β=0.06, SE=0.13, p=0.66) were significantly associated with the physical well-being of cancer survivors. Support from family was marginally associated with physical well-being (β=0.16, SE=0.08, p=0.05). A positive association was observed between support from church members and physical well-being (β=0.22, SE=0.09, p=0.01). Findings from this study suggest that support from church members can play an important role on the physical well-being of cancer survivors. Researchers of future health promotion interventions should consider collaborating with churches as a means of improving the physical well-being among cancer survivors.
Citation Format: Shaila M. Strayhorn. Examining the relationship between various informal sources of social support and the physical well-being among cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A077.
Abstract A102: Factors associated with psychological distress among chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Juon Hee-Soon , Park Grace , Ann Klassen , Hann Hie-Won 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Psychosocial stress is a common comorbidity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. A diagnosis of CHB, the primary risk factor for liver cancer among Asian Americans, can be a significant source of psychological and emotional stress. Although the disease can be life-changing, there is a paucity of research on psychosocial stress in CHB patients. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) and factors associated with SPD in Asian CHB patients.
Method: It is a prospective study design with subjects identified from an existing patient cohort that were enrolled and then subsequently followed up. Information was gathered from the CHB patients using face-to-face interviews in Korean or English. Serious psychological distress was measured by the Kessler Scale (K6). Measures of stressful life events and Hepatitis B Quality of Life (HBQOL) (e.g., psychological well-being, anticipation anxiety, stigma) were used. A multivariate logistic regression model (including gender, age, level of education) was conducted for analysis. Results. Of 50 CHB patients 18 years and older, the 12-month prevalence of SPD was estimated at 20% using the optimal cut-off (&gt;=13). In adjusted regression analysis, stressful life events and HBQOL-stigma were related to serous psychological distress: Those who had stressful life events (aOR=3.10, 95% CI 1.26-7.64) and those who had high scores of stigma (aOR=1.19, 95% CI 0.97-1.44, p=.08) had higher psychological distress. Those with more than a college education had decreased psychological distress (aOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.82).
Conclusion: The finding indicates CHB patients had a higher prevalence of serious psychological distress than the general Asian population (2.6% from California Health Interview Survey). Stigma connected to hepatitis B diagnosis and stressful life events were important factors associated with mental health. This suggests that disease burden caused by hepatitis B infection may lead to poor mental health. Future studies will identify those who are at a high likelihood of developing a mental disorder and develop effective interventions for early detection of mental illness.
Citation Format: Hee-Soon Juon, Grace Park, Klassen Ann, Hie-Won Hann. Factors associated with psychological distress among chronic hepatitis B patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A102.
Abstract 07: Use of a real-world data registry to rapidly generate outcomes data following a case study of a novel treatment combination in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rahib Lola , Shapiro Mark , Shrager Jeff , Federowics Bryan , Kinsey Conan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
XCELSIOR is an IRB-approved, patient-centric, real-world data and outcomes registry for developing operational and analytic methods in precision oncology. Earlier this year, Kinsey et al. reported on an exceptional response in a heavily pretreated pancreatic adenocarcinoma patient using combined MEK inhibition with autophagy inhibition (Nature Medicine 2019). We sought to understand the utilization of this regimen in clinical practice and analyze safety and outcomes information from patients in XCELSIOR identified as being treated with this combination. Searching the XCELSIOR database, we identified eleven patients for whom this regimen had been considered, four patients at different centers who received this regimen as part of their clinical care for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and two more patients expected to start treatment soon. As part of their participation in XCELSIOR, these patients shared access to their full medical records, which were collected, processed, and abstracted into a 21 CFR 11 compliant database for analysis. We intend to present demographics, safety, biomarkers, and survival data on these patients and five additional patients treated with this combination at the Huntsman Cancer Center. For late-stage cancer patients, a patient-centric outcomes registry can provide continuous high-quality, real-world data to rapidly identify safety and outcomes information for cancer patients treated in clinical practice with novel and potentially efficacious off-label combinations, and to aggregate that data into a high-quality dataset for further Bayesian analysis.
Citation Format: Lola Rahib, Mark Shapiro, Jeff Shrager, Bryan Federowics, Conan Kinsey. Use of a real-world data registry to rapidly generate outcomes data following a case study of a novel treatment combination in pancreatic adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advancing Precision Medicine Drug Development: Incorporation of Real-World Data and Other Novel Strategies; Jan 9-12, 2020; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 07.
Abstract IA07: Making it easier to participate in research: A patient’s perspective
Authors: Salmi Liz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Today’s patients exist in a new culture of “peer health advice” where people with similar lived experiences are crowdsourcing health questions and relying on the advice of others. Additionally, Google reports there are 70,000 health-related searches happening every 60 seconds. People are naturally turning to social media and the Internet for health information, and yet it is quite difficult for most people to gain access to the detailed information in their own health records. Medical record requests—whether for transitions in care, for greater understanding, or as a requirement to participate in research—take time and effort, and costs are often involved. This creates a massive barrier and delay to accessing potentially life-saving information. In this presentation Liz Salmi will share her own patient experience and the barriers she faced in participating in research. Based on her personal experience, and now her work with the OpenNotes research team, she will outline simple steps health systems and researchers can put into place to make it easier for patients to engage more meaningfully in the health information that is their own.
Citation Format: Liz Salmi. Making it easier to participate in research: A patient’s perspective [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advancing Precision Medicine Drug Development: Incorporation of Real-World Data and Other Novel Strategies; Jan 9-12, 2020; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_1):Abstract nr IA07.
Interstage Home Monitoring for Infants With Single Ventricle Heart Disease: Education and Management
Authors: Rudd Nancy A. , Ghanayem Nancy S. , Hill Garick D. , Lambert Linda M. , Mussatto Kathleen A. , Nieves Jo Ann , Robinson Sarah , Shirali Girish , Steltzer Michelle M. , Uzark Karen , Pike Nancy A. ,   the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This scientific statement summarizes the current state of knowledge related to interstage home monitoring for infants with shunt‐dependent single ventricle heart disease. Historically, the interstage period has been defined as the time of discharge from the initial palliative procedure to the time of second stage palliation. High mortality rates during the interstage period led to the implementation of in‐home surveillance strategies to detect physiologic changes that may precede hemodynamic decompensation in interstage infants with single ventricle heart disease. Adoption of interstage home monitoring practices has been associated with significantly improved morbidity and mortality. This statement will review in‐hospital readiness for discharge, caregiver support and education, healthcare teams and resources, surveillance strategies and practices, national quality improvement efforts, interstage outcomes, and future areas for research. The statement is directed toward pediatric cardiologists, primary care providers, subspecialists, advanced practice providers, nurses, and those caring for infants undergoing staged surgical palliation for single ventricle heart disease.
Effects of Epeleuton, a Novel Synthetic Second‐Generation n‐3 Fatty Acid, on Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Triglycerides, Glycemic Control, and Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Climax John , Newsome Philip N. , Hamza Moayed , Weissbach Markus , Coughlan David , Sattar Naveed , McGuire Darren K. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Epeleuton is 15‐hydroxy eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, a second‐generation synthetic n‐3 fatty acid derivative of eicosapentaenoic acid. The primary objective was to assess the effect of epeleuton on markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with post hoc analyses of cardiometabolic markers.

Methods and Results

In a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 96 adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and body mass index 25 to 40 were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive epeleuton 2 g/day, epeleuton 1 g/day, or placebo for 16 weeks. A total of 27% of patients had diabetes mellitus. Primary end points of changes in alanine aminotransferase and liver stiffness did not improve at week 16. Secondary and post hoc analyses investigated changes in cardiometabolic markers. Epeleuton 2 g/day significantly decreased triglycerides, very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol without increasing low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Despite a low mean baseline hemoglobin A1C (HbA
1C
; 6.3±1.3%), epeleuton 2 g/day significantly decreased HbA
1c
(−0.4%;
P
=0.026). Among patients with baseline HbA
1c
>6.5%, epeleuton 2 g/day decreased HbA
1c
by 1.1% (
P
=0.047; n=26). Consistent dose‐dependent reductions were observed for fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance indices. Epeleuton 2 g/day decreased circulating markers of cardiovascular risk and endothelial dysfunction. Epeleuton was well tolerated, with a safety profile not different from placebo.

Conclusions

While epeleuton did not meet its primary end points on alanine aminotransferase or liver stiffness, it significantly decreased triglycerides, HbA
1C
, plasma glucose, and inflammatory markers. These data suggest epeleuton may have potential for cardiovascular risk reduction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by simultaneously targeting hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and systemic inflammation. Further trials are planned.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02941549.
Education Level and Long‐term Mortality, Recurrent Stroke, and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Che Bizhong , Shen Suwen , Zhu Zhengbao , Wang Aili , Xu Tan , Peng Yanbo , Li Qunwei , Ju Zhong , Geng Deqin , Chen Jing , He Jiang , Zhang Yonghong , Zhong Chongke 
Published: August 2020

Background
Epidemiological studies have reported discrepant findings on the relationship between education level and outcomes after stroke. We aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between education level and mortality, recurrent stroke, and cardiovascular events in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

We included 3861 participants from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Education level was categorized as illiteracy, primary school, middle school, and college. Study outcomes were all‐cause mortality, stroke‐specific mortality, recurrent stroke, and cardiovascular events within 2 years after ischemic stroke. A meta‐analysis was conducted to incorporate the results of the current study and previous other studies on the association of education level with outcomes after stroke. Within 2 years after ischemic stroke, there were 327 (8.5%) all‐cause deaths, 264 (6.8%) stroke‐specific deaths, 303 (7.9%) recurrent strokes, and 364 (9.4%) cardiovascular events, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with the lowest education level had the highest cumulative incidence rates of all‐cause mortality, stroke‐specific mortality, and cardiovascular events (log‐rank
P
≤0.01). After adjusted for covariates, hazard ratios and 95% CIs of illiteracy versus college education were 2.79 (1.32–5.87) for all‐cause mortality, 3.68 (1.51–8.98) for stroke‐specific mortality, 2.82 (1.20–6.60) for recurrent stroke, and 3.46 (1.50–7.95) for cardiovascular events. The meta‐analysis confirmed the significant association between education status and mortality after stroke (pooled relative risk for lowest versus highest education level, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.05–1.46]).

Conclusions
Low education level was significantly associated with increased risk of mortality, recurrent stroke, and cardiovascular events after ischemic stroke, independently of established risk factors.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01840072.
V2 and V3 Orders in North-American Icelandic
Authors: Arnbjörnsdóttir Birna , Thráinsson Höskuldur , Nowenstein Iris Edda 
Published: August 2020

The finite verb typically occurs in second position in main clauses in Germanic languages other than English. Hence they are often referred to as ʽverb-second languagesʼ or V2-languages for short. The difference between a V2-language and a non-V2 language is shown in (i)–(ii) with Icelandic examples and English glosses (the finite verb is highlighted):

In example (i) the finite verb occurs in second position in Icelandic, immediately following the subject María in Icelandic but in the English gloss it occurs in third position, following the adverb never. In (ii) the finite verb immediately follows the fronted (topicalized) object Maríu in Icelandic but in the English gloss the finite verb again occurs in third position, this time following the subject. This article discusses the influence of intense language contact (English/Icelandic) on the two V2-order types in North American Icelandic (NAmIce), a heritage language spoken in former Icelandic conclaves in North America. We show that the subject-first V2-order is more robust in NAmIce than the topic-first V2-order and less vulnerable to English influence, although both types are affected to some extent. This is interesting for two reasons. First, it has been argued that word order is typically less prone to cross-linguistic influence than for instance morphology. Second, these results suggest that, contrary to common assumption, the two types of V2-orders discussed here may have different syntactic sources in Icelandic syntax.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on ‘hidden’ frontline healthcare workers
Authors: Teo Winnie Z.Y. , Yap Eng Soo , Yip Christina , Ong Lizhen , Lee Chun-Tsu 
Published: August 2020

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to rising death tolls and stressed healthcare systems, resulting in an unprecedented psychological stress on healthcare workers worldwide. However, the majority of studies only accounted for frontline healthcare workers with direct patient exposure. Aim: This study aims to look at the psychological impact of COVID-19 in a specific, vulnerable and yet hidden group of healthcare workers, namely laboratory healthcare workers who are at high risk exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus from handling infected patients’ blood samples, in addition to a marked increase in workload. Method: A multicentre study was conducted in Singapore via online questionnaire looking at psychological and physical impact of COVID-19 on laboratory healthcare workers. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Numeric rating scale on fear (NRS) were validated scores used in this study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software version 23 (IBM Corp). Results: A total of 122 staffs participated and more than half of the cohort experienced mild to severe fear, anxiety and depression. Increase in depression score was also found to be associated with increased physical exhaustion (OR = 6.1, 95% CI 1.4–29.1, p = .02), loss of appetite (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.0, p = .02), poor sleep quality (OR = 7.5, 95% CI 2.9–19.4, p = .005), and the use of sedative (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.1–13.5, p = .03). Conclusions: Hence, it is imperative that prompt action needs to be taken to address the psychological needs of this vulnerable group of healthcare workers as the pandemic continues.