bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroscopic matter wave quantum tunnelling
Authors: Shukla Khemendra , Chen Po-Sung , Chen Jun-Ren , Chang Yu-Hsuan , Liu Yi-Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuantum tunnelling is a phenomenon of non-equilibrium quantum dynamics and its detailed process is largely unexplored. We report the experimental observation of macroscopic quantum tunnelling of Bose–Einstein condensate in a hybrid trap. By exerting a non-adiabatic kick to excite a collective rotation mode of the trapped condensate, a periodic pulse train, which remains as condensate, is then out-coupled by quantum tunnelling. This non-equilibrium dynamics is analogue to tunnelling ionization. The imaged tunnelling process shows the splitting of matter wave packet by the potential barrier. The controversial “tunnelling time" question is found inadequate, from the point of view of wave propagation. The realized matter wave pulse train can also be a passive pulsed atom laser for atom interferometer applications.
Colorectal cancer cells promote osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction through regulating EGF/ERK/CCL3 pathway
Authors: Zi-chen Gong , Jin Qian , Yi-na Zhang , Wei Wang , Xia Kang , Wei Xu , Juan Wu , Wei Zheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bone metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells leads to osteolysis. Aberrant activation of osteoclasts is responsible for bone resorption in tumor. In general, bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) differentiate into osteoclasts, however, how CRC cells interact with BMMs and how to regulate the differentiation is elusive. We here report that CRC cells promote bone resorption in bone metastasis. Transcriptomic profiling revealed CCL3 up-regulated in MC-38 conditional medium treated BMMs. Further investigation demonstrated that CCL3 produced by BMMs facilitated cell infusion and thus promoted the osteoclastogenesis. In addition, CRC cells derived EGF stimulated the production of CCL3 in BMMs through activation of ERK/CREB pathway. Blockage of EGF or CCL3 can efficiently attenuate the osteolysis in bone metastasis of CRC.
Systematic Review of Surgical Technique and Tunnel Target Points and Placement in Anatomical Single-Bundle ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Iriuchishima Takanori , Goto Bunsei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review was to reveal the trend in surgical technique and tunnel targets points and placement in anatomical single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, data collection was performed. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochran Review were searched using the terms “anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,” “anatomic or anatomical,” and “single bundle.” Studies were included when they reported clinical results, surgical technique, and/or tunnel placement evaluation. Laboratory studies, technical reports, case reports, and reviews were excluded from this study. From these full article reviews, graft selection, method of creating the femoral tunnel, and femoral and tibial tunnel target points and placement were evaluated. In the 79 studies included for data evaluation, the selected grafts were: bone patella tendon bone autograft (12%), and hamstring autograft (83%). The reported methods of creating the femoral tunnel were: transportal technique (54%), outside-in technique (15%), and transtibial technique (19%). In the 60 studies reporting tunnel target points, the target point was the center of the femoral footprint (60%), and the center of the anteromedial bundle footprint (22%). In the 23 studies evaluating tunnel placement, the femoral tunnel was placed in a shallow–deep direction (32.3%) and in a high–low direction (30.2%), and the tibial tunnel was placed from the anterior margin of the tibia (38.1%). The results of this systematic review revealed a trend in anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction favoring a hamstring tendon with a transportal technique, and a tunnel target point mainly at the center of the ACL footprint. The level of evidence stated is Systematic review of level-III studies.
Endovascular Coiling in a Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease—A Challenge for Anesthesiologist
Authors: Samagh Navneh , Singh Nidhi , Jangra Kiran , Kumar Ajay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 41-year-old male patient, a known case of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPCKD), presented to our institute with right middle cerebral artery aneurysm for which balloon-assisted endovascular coiling was planned. The major comorbidities were hypertension and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis, twice weekly. Endovascular coiling was performed under general anesthesia, and special precautions were taken with regard to monitoring, fluid management, use of heparin, and contrast agent. The intraoperative and postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged after 7 days. In this report, various perioperative challenges of patients with chronic renal failure during coiling are discussed along with the measures to prevent the occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy.
COVID-19 and Stroke Risk: A Double Whammy
Authors: Saluja Alvee , Dhamija Rajinder K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe emphasis so far during the COVID-19 pandemic has been on the respiratory manifestations with little attention being given to neurological manifestations. Literature has shown multiple cases of stroke being associated with COVID-19. Thus, there is great interest in the role of the virus in stroke pathogenesis. Regarding hyperacute and acute stroke treatment, the routine guidelines for thrombolysis and thrombectomy are to be followed with emphasis on high suspicion of COVID-19 in stroke cases with respiratory symptoms or with contact/travel history. Secondary risk factor treatment for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia is a must. We recommend continuing angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in those who are taking these medications as per evidence available. Mandatory lockdown has led to delay in presentation to the hospital with a decrease in thrombolysis due to ineligibility and a corresponding increase in primary thrombectomies being performed. Telemedicine could be an important tool to triage cases worthy of tertiary referral from other strokes and must be encouraged.
What do students learn from political simulation games? A mixed-method approach exploring the relation between conceptual and attitudinal changes
Authors: Oberle Monika , Leunig Johanna , Ivens Sven 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn civic education and political science classes, simulation games are increasingly recognised as a teaching tool to promote active learning, expecting them to enhance participants’ motivations and to convey transferable knowledge and skills. Furthermore, they have been described as a promising teaching approach with regard to the complex multi-level system of the European Union (EU). Empirical studies have underlined positive effects of simulation games; however, they usually either use purely qualitative or very small-Nquantitative approaches. More systematic studies conducted recently didn’t focus on causes of the measured effects and have lacked depth due to a closed items design. The study presented here uses a mixed-method approach, analysing the effects of simulations of European Parliamentarian decision-making conducted with secondary school classes in Germany on students' political knowledge, motivations and attitudes. In addition to a standardised questionnaire with pre- and post-tests (N = 308), qualitative interviews were conducted (n = 12). The paper focuses on the relation between participants' conceptual changes and changes in perceived responsiveness of the EU. The results highlight relevant learning effects students experience in EU simulation games that are not yet captured appropriately by questionnaire studies and can stimulate the development of measurement tools for assessing process-oriented learning outcomes more adequately.
Sedimentation of general shaped particles using a multigrid fictitious boundary method
Authors: Walayat Khuram , Talat Nazia , Jabeen Saqia , Usman Kamran , Liu Moubin 
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a direct numerical simulation technique, the Finite Element Fictitious Boundary Method (FBM), is used to simulate fluid–solid two-phase flows of different general shaped particles. The momentum interactions between solid and fluid phases are handled by using the FBM. The continuity and momentum equations are solved on a fixed Eulerian grid that is independent of flow features by using a discrete projection scheme inside a multi-grid finite element approach. A detailed description is presented for the geometric representation and modeling of two-dimensional particles of different general shapes, i.e., circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, triangular, and pentagonal shapes inside the fluid. We discussed the effects of particle shapes and the influences on the settling behavior of the particles. A comparison of the settling trajectories of the particles of the same mass but with different shapes is presented. Moreover, depending upon the particle’s shape, some interesting facts are discovered, which have a great influence on the particles’ trajectory and settling velocity. Some very important correlations between the drag force coefficient and particle’s Reynolds numbers with different density ratios of particles are obtained. Furthermore, we also studied the settling behavior of elliptical and rectangular particles with different axis ratios and a boomerang particle with different concave angles.
The authors of the article agree to the retraction of the article effective AUGUST 20, 2021.
Pied-piping in degree wh-clauses in Spanish
Authors: Eguren Luis , Pastor Alberto 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel analysis of (non)-pied-piping structures in degree wh-clauses with adjectives in Spanish based on the idea in Heck (2008, 2009) that optional pied-piping cannot exist. Under this assumption, it is argued that pied-piping and non-pied-piping structures in the constructions under study originate from two different structures: pied-piping structures obtain from a standard structural configuration in which the degree wh-form heads a functional phrase in the extended projection of the adjective, whereas the discontinuous structure with cómo de ‘how of’ ([cómo … de+A]) results from a reanalysis process turning de+A into a verbal adjunct. This analysis is extended to related constructions both in Spanish and in other Romance languages, and some apparent counterexamples are also discussed.
Developing epistemic meaning
Authors: Jarrett Dylan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present paper focuses on the development of the Spanish adverb a lo mejor, originally meaning ‘to the best’ as it develops from a prepositional phrase indicating a destination or goal to an epistemic modal adverb which expresses the speaker’s doubt concerning the proposition. It is shown that the semantic change came about due to a combination of local and contextual factors. Chief among them is the pre-verbal positioning of a lo mejor, its occurrence with achievement predicates, and implications of futurity. In becoming an epistemic adverb, the change follows Traugott’s Tendency III for semantic change which states that “meanings tend to become increasingly based in the speaker’s subjective belief state/attitude toward the proposition” (1989, p. 35).
The acquisition of personal a among Chinese-speaking L2 learners of Spanish
Authors: Jiao Jian , Cuza Alejandro , López Otero Julio César 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study examines the acquisition of differential object marking (dom) in Spanish among Mandarin-speaking L2 learners from China. Unlike Mandarin, which marks the direct object only in preverbal position (i.e., in SOV sentences) and is a topic-prominent language, Spanish allows dom in both simple and clitic left-dislocated (CLLD) sentences. We predicted L2 learners to have more difficulty with CLLD structures than with simple sentences due to structural complexity issues. Results from an Elicited Production task showed target-like performance in simple sentences among the L2 learners but overextension of the a-marker to contexts where it is not required in CLLD structures. The results are discussed along the lines of previous work on the effects of crosslinguistic influence and structural complexity.
Catching identitiesin flight
Authors: Jacobs Catho , Mieroop Dorien Van De , Laar Colette Van 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a case study of a small talk sequence in a Belgian workplace between two female colleagues with a migration background, in which they share stories with each other on racial micro-aggressions they personally experienced. We draw on the social practice approach and focus on the narrators’ identity work in this interaction. We found that the narrators construct stories in which powerless and outgroup identities are projected upon them in the storyworld, but by means of which more empowered identities and an ingroup with the interlocutor are talked into being in the storytelling world. Interestingly, these findings can be linked to the rejection-identification dynamic. This social psychological model shows that individuals who experienced discrimination are able to buffer negative consequences to their psychological well-being by identifying with the group that is discriminated against. This article adds to this earlier research by showing the crucial role of language, in particular of storytelling and small talk, in this rejection-identification dynamic.
Regional varieties in Norway revisited
Authors: Røyneland Unn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines diverging tendencies towards vertical convergence in different parts of Norway and patterns of emergence and enregisterment of intermediate regional varieties – at the level of language use, but particularly at the level of perception. Over the last decades the Norwegian language space has undergone substantial restructuring, partly due to increasing mobility, urbanisation and globalisation. More dialect and language contact has led to increased dialect levelling, dialect shift, bi-dialectism, emergence of koinai, multiethnolectal speech styles and possibly also intermediate regional varieties. While previous studies suggest that regional lects may be emerging, this paper presents arguments on the basis of results from a recent large-scale study, as well as other recent work, to the effect that these still seem to remain structurally relatively incoherent, unfocussed and unstable and have little indexical value or symbolic significance.
Reduction and persistence of phonological dialect features in German
Authors: Schwarz Christian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Like in most European speech communities, the loss of rural dialects and the emergence of regional varieties could also be observed within the German speaking area since at least the 19th century. Previous research on mechanisms influencing the selection process of dialect features was mainly carried out on a theoretical level. This paper aims at contributing an empirical component by presenting the results of a study with focus on selection mechanisms of phonological dialect features in southwest Germany. It will be argued that similarity to the standard, geographical spread, grammatical function and frequency are factors of major importance regarding the chance of survival of dialect features during their transition from rural dialects to regional standard contexts. Of the seven phonological phenomena analysed, in the end only one clearly remains: /s/-palatalisation. Interestingly, this feature does not necessarily possess positive social salience, but is apparently hard to abandon for speakers from the Southwest.
Variation, identity and indexicality in southern Spanish
Authors: Villena-Ponsoda Juan-Andrés , Vida-Castro Matilde 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to claim that the emergence of a new intermediate variety in the space between standard Castilian Spanish and vernacular varieties from Andalusia is based on a new identity that blends, on the one hand, the individual’s orientation towards modern life, urbanisation and standardness and, on the other hand, faithfulness to the southern traditional community values. In fact, linguistic features shaping this intermediate variety – including split of southern consonant mergers and preservation of the southern erosive changes affecting consonants in coda position – go far beyond phonology and correlate in such a way that it is conceivable to assume the existence of a socially and perceptually coherent variety that can be considered as an alternative to the regional standard from Seville. To prove this, multivariate analyses of phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical variables have been carried out in the context of a research project including southern (Granada, Malaga, Seville) and central (Madrid) urban areas. Results confirm that this variety is mainly spoken by young urban middle-class standard-oriented speakers who do not identify with the traditional southern way of life.1
Survival of the ‘oddest’?
Authors: Tsiplakou Stavroula , Armostis Spyros 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This contribution examines some cases of arrested convergence to the standard variety in Cypriot Greek, the ‘L’ variety in Cyprus’ diglossic context; we explore some of the reasons why full convergence of the Cypriot Greek koine to Standard Greek does not take place and why certain dialect features which are marked and/or perceived as ‘odd’ or exceptional have found their way into the koine. The paper presents quantitative findings from rating surveys and elicitation tasks targeting phonological, syntactic and semantic phenomena: (1) the predominance of clefting, the Cypriot strategy for syntactic focusing, in lieu of focus movement, the Standard Greek strategy for syntactic focusing; (2) the semantic and pragmatic properties of innovative Past Perfect, which suggest that it is construed as a bona fide Cypriot Greek [+past] tense, despite morphological and phonological innovation; (3) the survival and spread of variants such as the palatal [ʝː] in lieu of the standard-like [ʎː], or the preservation of old ones, a typical case being the shibbolethal, basilectal [ç]. The data highlight the intricate interplay of structural and sociolinguistic factors, which attests to the complexity of the processes of koine formation.
Metabolism of airborne methyl salicylate in adjacent plants
Authors: Masimbula Rishni , Oki Katsunari , Takahashi Kosaku , Matsuura Hideyuki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA) are synthesized in many plants and are crucial components that establish their disease responses. The metabolism of airborne MeSA to SA has been previously reported. In this report, it was found that SA glucose ester (SAGE), ether (SAG), and salicyloyl-l-aspartic acid (SA-Asp) are metabolites of airborne MeSA. Furthermore, it was found that airborne MeSA was able to increase the endogenous amount of rosmarinic acid in Perilla frutescens, which is known as one of the functional components that contributes to the maintenance of human health.
An energy time-convexity second-order synchrosqueezing transform and application in weak fault diagnosis of rolling bearings in an aerospace engine
Authors: Chen Zhenyi , Zi Yanyang , Li Ping , Chen Jinglong , Xu Kaifu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Although the original short-time Fourier-transform-based synchrosqueezing transform (FSST) and its second-order transform (FSST2) can effectively improve the readability of quasi-stationary signal and time-varying signal, respectively, the weak components of time–frequency representation are often submerged easily by noises and large-amplitude instantaneous frequencies (IFs). Moreover, aerospace engines always work in fierce vibration and non-steady states, and this easily causes the weak fault feature of rolling bearings obscured in the time–frequency domain. To solve this problem, we propose a time–frequency analysis algorithm called energy time-convexity second-order synchrosqueezing transform (ET-FSST2). This can sharpen the time-varying IFs like FSST2, and more importantly, it can extract the time-varying IFs with small amplitudes such as weak impulse-like components from multi-component vibration signals. The ET-FSST2 firstly calculates the energy convexity function in the time direction to extract the non-stationary IFs after employing FSST2. It then structures an optimization function by combining a hyperbolic tangent function with a chi-square distribution function as well as optimizing the targeted parameters, aiming to extract the weak components of the non-stationary IFs. Moreover, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are validated by numerical simulation and rolling bearing fault tests. Finally, two case studies of weak fault diagnosis of Ni–Cu–Ag-based PVD-coated rolling bearings operating in cryogenic surroundings are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for aerospace engine bearing fault diagnosis.
Free electron laser generation of x-ray Poincaré beams
Authors: Morgan Jenny , Hemsing Erik , McNeil Brian W J , Yao Alison 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An optics-free method is proposed to generate x-ray radiation with spatially variant states of polarization via an afterburner extension to a free electron laser. Control of the polarization in the transverse plane is obtained through the overlap of different coherent transverse light distributions radiated from a bunched electron beam in two consecutive orthogonally polarised undulators. Different transverse profiles are obtained by emitting at a higher harmonic in one or both of the undulators. This method enables the generation of beams structured in their intensity, phase, and polarization—so-called Poincaré beams—at high powers with tunable wavelengths. Simulations are used to demonstrate the generation of two different classes of light with spatially inhomogeneous polarization—cylindrical vector beams and full Poincaré beams.
Preparation and study of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Attapulgite nanocomposite fibers with high strength and high Young’s modulus by gel spinning
Authors: Hong Xinqiu , Zou Liming , Xu Yongjing , Li Yan Vivian , He Junwei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Attapulgite (ATT) nanocomposite fibers with high strength and high Young’s modulus were prepared via gel spinning. The structures and properties of PVA/ATT nanocomposite fibers were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), and mechanical testing. The results showed that ATT had a great influence on the structures and properties of PVA/ATT nanocomposite fibers. The melting temperatures, crystallinities, initial decomposition temperatures and maximum decomposition temperatures of PVA/ATT nanocomposite fibers increased firstly when ATT content was increased from zero to 3 wt%, however, they were then dropped when ATT contents were 5 wt% and 7 wt%. The highest melting temperature, crystallinity, initial decomposition temperature and maximum decomposition temperature of PVA/ATT-3 were 240.4 °C, 67.6%, 266.7 °C and 358.6 °C, respectively. Furthermore, ESEM observation indicated that ATT had good adhesion to PVA matrix. Mechanical tests showed that PVA/ATT-3 had the highest breaking tensile and Young’s modulus of 12.6 cN/dtex and 301.9 cN/dtex, respectively.