bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac imaging procedures and the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations of the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR)
Authors:   Executive Committee of the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR):, Beitzke Dietrich , Salgado Rodrigo , Francone Marco , Kreitner Karl-Friedrich , Natale Luigi , Bremerich Jens , Gutberlet Matthias , Mousseaux Ellie , Nikolaou Konstantin , Peebles Charles , Velthuis Birgitta , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Loewe Christian , Emrich Tilman , Luigi Natale , Matthias Gutberlet , Rozemarijn Vliegenthart , Konstantin Nikolaou , Marco Francone , Christian Loewe , Brigitta Velthuis , Rodrigo Salgado , Charles Peebles , Ellie Mousseaux 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic currently constitutes a significant burden on worldwide health care systems, with important implications on many levels, including radiology departments. Given the established fundamental role of cardiovascular imaging in modern healthcare, and the specific value of cardiopulmonary radiology in COVID-19 patients, departmental organisation and imaging programs need to be restructured during the pandemic in order to provide access to modern cardiovascular services to both infected and non-infected patients while ensuring safety for healthcare professionals. The uninterrupted availability of cardiovascular radiology services remains, particularly during the current pandemic outbreak, crucial for the initial evaluation and further follow-up of patients with suspected or known cardiovascular diseases in order to avoid unnecessary complications. Suspected or established COVID-19 patients may also have concomitant cardiovascular symptoms and require further imaging investigations. This statement by the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) provides information on measures for safety of healthcare professionals and recommendations for cardiovascular imaging during the pandemic in both non-infected and COVID-19 patients.
Games of policy and practice: multi-level dynamics and the role of universities in knowledge transfer processes
Authors: Sala Irene , Sobrero Maurizio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper adopts a multilevel, longitudinal case study approach to analyze universities’ institutional role and their contributions to society. It explores third mission policies and practices enacted within the University of Bologna from 1996 to 2016, presenting a detailed account of their interaction within the university and with regional and national regulatory initiatives. The aim is to highlight the relevance of a joint analysis of three dynamics. The first dynamic relates to how norms and practices oscillate between formal and informal codification and how strategic initiatives, either led from the top down or driven from the bottom up, develop in a non-linear fashion. The second dynamic describes the ways within which the structural definition of roles falls short in providing a full understanding of the changes in policies and attitudes related to knowledge transfer activities and their need to be complemented by a process analysis of the relationships among actors at different levels. The third dynamic relates to how multiple institutional logics evolve and change over time through a combination of dedicated structures and spaces of interaction in which the logics meet, sometimes aligning, sometimes compromising, and sometimes clashing. This three-pronged approach offers a novel contribution to the understanding of how universities interact with close and distant environments and their impacts on society.
Corporate Law Versus Social Autonomy: Law as Social Hazard
Authors: Galanis Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article argues that corporate law has become the legal platform upon which is erected a social process impeding society’s capacity to lucidly reflect on its primary ends; in this sense, corporate law is in conflict with social autonomy. This process is described here as a social feedback loop, in the structural centre of which lies the corporation which imposes its own purpose as an irrational social end, i.e. irrespective of its potentially catastrophic social consequences. The article argues that resolving the conflict between corporate law and social autonomy is impossible, because it presupposes a change of social paradigm towards one where corporate law as business organisation law has no obvious fit. This questions the social legitimacy of corporate law, signifies its non-permanence and thus opens up the field for seeking radical alternatives in the future.
Acromegaly, inflammation and cardiovascular disease: a review
Authors: Wolters Thalijn L. C. , Netea Mihai G. , Riksen Niels P. , Hermus Adrianus R. M. M. , Netea-Maier Romana T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcromegaly is characterized by Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) excess. Uncontrolled acromegaly is associated with a strongly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and numerous cardiovascular risk factors remain present after remission. GH and IGF-1 have numerous effects on the immune and cardiovascular system. Since endothelial damage and systemic inflammation are strongly linked to the development of CVD, and have been suggested to be present in both controlled as uncontrolled acromegaly, they may explain the presence of both micro- and macrovascular dysfunction in these patients. In addition, these changes seem to be only partially reversible after remission, as illustrated by the often reported presence of endothelial dysfunction and microvascular damage in controlled acromegaly. Previous studies suggest that insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction are involved in the development of CVD in acromegaly. Not surprisingly, these processes are associated with systemic inflammation and respond to GH/IGF-1 normalizing treatment.
Towards improving the accuracy of aortic transvalvular pressure gradients: rethinking Bernoulli
Authors: Franke Benedikt , Weese J. , Waechter-Stehle I. , Brüning J. , Kuehne T. , Goubergrits L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe transvalvular pressure gradient (TPG) is commonly estimated using the Bernoulli equation. However, the method is known to be inaccurate. Therefore, an adjusted Bernoulli model for accurate TPG assessment was developed and evaluated. Numerical simulations were used to calculate TPGCFD in patient-specific geometries of aortic stenosis as ground truth. Geometries, aortic valve areas (AVA), and flow rates were derived from computed tomography scans. Simulations were divided in a training data set (135 cases) and a test data set (36 cases). The training data was used to fit an adjusted Bernoulli model as a function of AVA and flow rate. The model-predicted TPGModel was evaluated using the test data set and also compared against the common Bernoulli equation (TPGB). TPGB and TPGModel both correlated well with TPGCFD (r > 0.94), but significantly overestimated it. The average difference between TPGModel and TPGCFD was much lower: 3.3 mmHg vs. 17.3 mmHg between TPGB and TPGCFD. Also, the standard error of estimate was lower for the adjusted model: SEEModel = 5.3 mmHg vs. SEEB = 22.3 mmHg. The adjusted model’s performance was more accurate than that of the conventional Bernoulli equation. The model might help to improve non-invasive assessment of TPG.
Methodische Implikationen verschiedener theoretischer Resilienzmodelle
Authors: Bodi-Fernandez Otto , Fernandez Karina 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage nach Möglichkeiten der Operationalisierung des Phänomens, das mit dem Begriff Resilienz beschrieben wird. In der bisherigen Forschung wurden verschiedenste Strategien verfolgt, die ebenso vielseitig sind wie die theoretischen Konzepte und Definitionen des Begriffs. Während etwa viele Arbeiten Resilienz als ein relationales Konstrukt verstehen, das eine bestimmte Beziehung von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren beschreibt, fassen andere Arbeiten Resilienz als eine Persönlichkeitseigenschaft auf, die auch mehr oder weniger direkt gemessen werden kann. Beide Auffassungen erscheinen methodisch nicht miteinander vereinbar. Des Weiteren weisen sie ihre spezifischen Stärken und Schwächen auf. Anhand der Daten eines im Jahr 2013 durchgeführten Kindersurveys will der Beitrag aufzeigen, welche Implikationen sich aus Resilienzkonzepten für empirisches Material ergeben und welche theoretischen Resilienzmodelle in unterschiedlichen Kontexten empirisch beobachtbar sind. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass bei eventuell nachweisbaren Resilienz-Effekten additive Effekte, Mediatoreffekte und Moderatoreffekte differenziert werden sollten. Wenngleich Moderatoreffekte den gängigen Auffassungen von Resilienz am nächsten kommen, bleibt es letztendlich eine analytisch-definitorische Frage, ab wann von Resilienz gesprochen werden kann.
Micromorphological features of soils formed on calcium carbonate–rich slope deposits in the Polish Carpathians
Authors: Kowalska Joanna Beata , Zaleski Tomasz , Mazurek Ryszard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeven soil profiles developed on calcium carbonate–rich slope deposits in the Polish Carpathians were studied in order to: i) determine the micromorphological features of heterogeneous soils formed in a carbonate depositional environment, and ii) track primary and secondary calcium carbonate forms and their distribution in such stratified soils. Three cases of soils with different arrangements of calcium carbonate were distinguished, controlled mostly by slope processes. For instance, the increasing content and random distribution of angular and subangular rock fragments found in the overall soil matrix and the irregular coarse: fine size limit suggested different intensities of accumulation and mixing of soil material transported along the slope. Slope processes, together with the calcium carbonate content, mineralogical characteristics and texture influenced the type and arrangement of the bfabric pattern. The calcium carbonate distribution within the soils, besides the obvious inheritance from parent material, was governed by the translocation and mixing of deposits on slopes. The climatic conditions prevailing in the area favour the development of secondary forms of calcium carbonate. However, only three of the seven studied profiles contained pedogenic forms of calcium carbonate, yet they were distributed randomly. The occurrence, distribution and preservation of secondary carbonates depended on the content of primary calcium carbonate and soil features such as texture. The transported material down the slope may indicate a very low content of primary calcium or lack thereof, hence its pedogenic forms could not be created.
Comparison of management strategies for the charging schedule and all-electric operation of a plug-in hybrid-electric bi-articulated bus fleet
Authors: Dreier Dennis , Rudin Björn , Howells Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study developed a real-time optimisation (RTO) model that uses real-world bus operation data, i.e. route-specific and time-specific driving cycles. Potentials for energy savings and all-electric operation were estimated for a plug-in hybrid-electric bi-articulated bus fleet (PLUG scenario) that can be managed according to different management strategies. Five strategies, A to E, were simulated that manage the charging schedule and all-electric operation with different priorities: PLUG-A, prioritise buses for charging by arrival times at the charging station (first come, first served); PLUG-B, prioritise buses for charging by energy intensities of the bus routes; PLUG-C, minimise the total energy use of the bus fleet; PLUG-D, maximise the total all-electric time of the bus fleet; and PLUG-E, maximise the total all-electric distance of the bus fleet. For comparison, a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario with conventional buses and another scenario with hybrid-electric buses (HYB) were simulated. Two weeks of real-world bus operation data from the city of Curitiba in Brazil were used as input data. The study finds that total energy savings of 17% and 27% in the HYB and PLUG scenarios can be achieved compared to the BAU scenario, respectively. Meanwhile, the average shares of the total all-electric time (TAET) and total all-electric distance (TAED) to the total bus fleet operation amount to 20% and 14% in the HYB scenario. Furthermore, both TAET and TAED in the PLUG scenario depend strongly on the chosen strategy amounting to ranges of 21–64% and 17–61%, respectively. Simultaneous maxima were found for strategy D.
Recent progress and current opinions in Brillouin microscopy for life science applications
Authors: Antonacci Giuseppe , Beck Timon , Bilenca Alberto , Czarske Jürgen , Elsayad Kareem , Guck Jochen , Kim Kyoohyun , Krug Benedikt , Palombo Francesca , Prevedel Robert , Scarcelli Giuliano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany important biological functions and processes are reflected in cell and tissue mechanical properties such as elasticity and viscosity. However, current techniques used for measuring these properties have major limitations, such as that they can often not measure inside intact cells and/or require physical contact—which cells can react to and change. Brillouin light scattering offers the ability to measure mechanical properties in a non-contact and label-free manner inside of objects with high spatial resolution using light, and hence has emerged as an attractive method during the past decade. This new approach, coined “Brillouin microscopy,” which integrates highly interdisciplinary concepts from physics, engineering, and mechanobiology, has led to a vibrant new community that has organized itself via a European funded (COST Action) network. Here we share our current assessment and opinion of the field, as emerged from a recent dedicated workshop. In particular, we discuss the prospects towards improved and more bio-compatible instrumentation, novel strategies to infer more accurate and quantitative mechanical measurements, as well as our current view on the biomechanical interpretation of the Brillouin spectra.
Impact of hydrothermal carbonization on combustion properties of residual biomass
Authors: Hansen Lynn J. , Fendt Sebastian , Spliethoff Hartmut 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a series of seven residual biomass feedstock was treated by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at temperatures of 180 °C, 210 °C, 240 °C, and 270 °C and residence times of 0.5 h, 2 h, and 4 h. The processed samples were analyzed with focus on properties that are relevant for the combustion of a fuel. Temperature was found to have the highest impact on fuel properties. HTC has a positive effect on the energy density of the material, increasing lower heating values typically by 10–15% at 180 °C and 47–59% at 270 °C. At the same time, mass yield was decreasing for increasing treatment temperature. The hydrothermal treatment was found to have a profound impact on the inorganic composition of the fuels, lowering significantly the alkali metal and chlorine content while increasing silicon and phosphorous concentrations in the ash. These transformations lead to improvements in ash melting temperatures and in molar S/Cl ratio, an indicator commonly used to assess the risk of high-temperature corrosion in biomass combustion. HTC is also expected to have a positive impact on fine particle emissions upon combustion due to lowered concentrations of elements responsible for aerosol formation after HTC treatment. On the other hand, HTC leads to higher nitrogen contents in the fuel, thereby potentially increasing the risk for higher NOx emissions upon combustion of HTC-treated fuels. Overall, HTC clearly shows a positive effect on combustion properties, but the effects are fuel specific and especially interesting for biogenic waste that originates from lignocellulosic material. Applying the criteria of this study, the fuel properties of sewage sludge could not significantly be improved. For feedstock like this, the advantage of utilizing HTC as treatment lies in improved dewatering, storage, and feedstock logistics.
Perceived Stigma Towards Psychological Illness in Relation to Psychological Distress Among Medical Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfayez Dalal Ibrahim , AlShehri Norah Ali 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
Due to the high prevalence of psychological distress among medical students and its related functional and cognitive implications, this study aimed to investigate the association between perceived stigma and psychological distress, estimate the prevalence of each level of distress among medical students, and determine the independent significant risk factors of outcome variables for each level of psychological distress.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed that surveyed medical students at King Saud University in 2018. Using the modified and validated stigma scale for receiving psychological help along with Kessler psychological distress scale, the survey measured perceived stigma towards mental illness in relation to the level of psychological distress.

Results
Among the 524 participants, 395 surveys were completed. Participants had a mean age of 21.56 years old, and 53% were female. The overall prevalence of severe psychological distress was 30.7% (N = 161). Furthermore, 25.6% of participants reported experiencing moderate distress (N = 134). Additionally, a significant association was found between females and severe psychological distress. Moreover, family income was significantly associated with severe psychological distress in the extreme lower and upper groups (5000–10,000 SR and above 20,000 SR). Participants with high levels of psychological distress were more likely than those with low levels to agree or strongly agree with 3 out of 10 items related to perceived stigma.

Conclusions
Medical students with moderate/severe psychological distress disclosed more concerns regarding stigma, particularly about perceived consequences of their mental health issues being revealed to others. Such opinions could cause physical health problems and decrease quality of life.
Nutritional vulnerability of early zoeal stages of the invasive shrimp Lysmata vittata (Decapoda: Caridea) in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Barros-Alves Samara de P. , Almeida Andréa Santos e , Almeida Ariádine Cristine de , Costa Rogério Caetano da , Alves Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLysmata vittata is considered an invasive shrimp in the Atlantic Ocean and some characteristics might have contributed to its invasive success, such as its larval nutritional vulnerability during the early stages of development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the early larval stages of the shrimp L. vittata. Ovigerous specimens were captured in an estuarine region of north-eastern Brazil. Zoeae were assigned to two experiments: (1) the point of no return (PNR), consisting of treatments with an increasing number of days of starvation and subsequent days of feeding; and (2) the point of reserve saturation (PRS), consisting of treatments with an increasing number of days of feeding and subsequent days of starvation. Two control groups were considered: continuous starvation (CS) and continuous feeding (CF). Nutritional vulnerability was estimated by the time when 50% of the initially starved larvae (PNR50) lost the ability to moult to the next stage, when 50% of the initially fed larvae (PRS50) were capable of moulting to the next stage. In the CF, the mean development time (±SD) of the larvae that reached stage III was 4.36 ± 0.74 days with a mortality of 70%, and the mean carapace length (±SD) was 0.61 ± 0.04 mm CL. The PNR50 and PRS50 were 2.42 ± 0.14 and 1.32 ± 0.83 days, respectively. The nutritional vulnerability index (PRS50/PNR50 = 0.54) indicates that L. vittata presents intermediate dependence on exogenous food during the early larval stages, which might help our understanding of the invasive potential of this species in the Atlantic Ocean.
Messenger RNAs with large numbers of upstream open reading frames are translated via leaky scanning and reinitiation in the asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Kaur Chhaminder , Kumar Mayank , Patankar Swati 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe genome of Plasmodium falciparum has one of the most skewed base-pair compositions of any eukaryote, with an AT content of 80–90%. As start and stop codons are AT-rich, the probability of finding upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is high and parasite mRNAs have an average of 11 uORFs in their leader sequences. Similar to other eukaryotes, uORFs repress the translation of the downstream open reading frame (dORF) in P. falciparum, yet the parasite translation machinery is able to bypass these uORFs and reach the dORF to initiate translation. This can happen by leaky scanning and/or reinitiation.In this report, we assessed leaky scanning and reinitiation by studying the effect of uORFs on the translation of a dORF, in this case, the luciferase reporter gene, and showed that both mechanisms are employed in the asexual blood stages of P. falciparum. Furthermore, in addition to the codon usage of the uORF, translation of the dORF is governed by the Kozak sequence and length of the uORF, and inter-cistronic distance between the uORF and dORF. Based on these features whole-genome data was analysed to uncover classes of genes that might be regulated by uORFs. This study indicates that leaky scanning and reinitiation appear to be widespread in asexual stages of P. falciparum, which may require modifications of existing factors that are involved in translation initiation in addition to novel, parasite-specific proteins.
Disentangling the conundrum of self-determination and its implications in Greenland
Authors: Cambou Dorothée Céline 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In 2009, the Act on Greenland Self-Government was adopted. It recognises that “the people of Greenland is a people pursuant to international law with the right of self-determination”. Within this framework, the people of Greenland have gained significant control over their own affairs and the right to access to independence. Yet, the extent to which this framework ensures the right of self-determination in accordance with fundamental human rights can still be questioned. From a human rights perspective, the right of self-determination is not a one-time right. It is fundamental human right that applies in different contexts beyond decolonisation and which has implications not only for colonial countries and peoples but also for the population of all territories, including indigenous and minority groups. From this perspective, this contribution seeks to disentangle and analyse the different facets of self-determination in Greenland while considering the implications of the right based on the multifarious identity of the peoples living in the country as colonial people, citizens, indigenous and minority groups, including their claim to control mining resources.
Not a Peasant Movement: The Livelihood Struggles of the Taiwanese Labouring Population under the Broken Promise of High-tech Development
Authors: Tsai You-Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn contrast to popular opinion, this paper suggests that recent protests against the Taiwanese government's expropriation of farmland for high-tech development in Taiwan do not constitute a peasant movement. Based on Karl Polanyi's double-movement thesis and Ching Kwan Lee's analysis of workers’ uprisings in the context of market reform, this paper shows that the local cause of such a mobilization is the labouring population's struggle to maintain a livelihood against increasing economic and employment insecurity. Moreover, the intensification of market despotism, economic insecurity and the relocation of firms to China have broken the various promises offered by high-tech development. As a result, local protestors have begun to question the necessity of expropriating farmland to make way for the construction of new science industrial parks.