bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect effect of elevated CO2 concentration on Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 feeding on Bt soybean plants
Authors: De Paulo Paula Daiana , Pereira Eliseu José G. , Oliveira Eugenio E. , Fereres Alberto , Garzo Elisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of herbivore insects is influenced by the quality of their host plants. Elevated CO2 alters plant metabolism, which may change the nutritional quality of the plant, modifying the life history and feeding behaviour of herbivore insects. Understanding how insect pests respond to increasing CO2 concentration is essential for predicting the impact of the pest on food security. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on the life history and feeding behaviour of the MEAM1 species of Bemisia tabaci on a Bt soybean cultivar. We found that eCO2 increased the egg to adult development time and reduced the reproductive responses (fecundity and fertility) of B. tabaci. The whitefly B. tabaci that fed on the soybean plants grown under eCO2 conditions was negatively influenced by several traits related to the host plant resistance, such as the time spent on phloem sap ingestion. Furthermore, we evaluated the changes in the C:N concentration and plant morphology of the Bt plants. The biomass (weight of leaves and stems) of the Bt soybean plants grown under eCO2 conditions was significantly increased, and the elevated C:N ratio in the phenological stage V6 (i.e. when the plants had six trifoliate leaves developed) was the most pronounced difference in the Bt soybean plants subjected to eCO2 treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that Bt plants cultivated under eCO2 inhibit B. tabaci feeding, which can reduce whitefly infestations of the soybean fields.
Is shared decision‐making to blame for the provision of ethically inappropriate treatment? Results of a multi‐site study exploring physician understanding of the “shared” model of decision making
Authors: Landry Joshua T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSupport for the concept of respect for first‐person informed consent and patient autonomy, including the negative right of patients to refuse unwanted interventions has grown, but does not generally include a positive right of patients to receive whatever treatment they request or demand without constraint. Despite this, health‐care providers in both Canada and the United States are guilty of providing, in their own opinions, futile or probably futile treatments at the request of patients or their substitute decision‐makers. The purpose of this study was to examine whether physicians’ understanding of the shared model of medical decision‐making – shared decision‐making, (SDM) – may be among the reasons why some patients receive treatment understood as ethically inappropriate, including those deemed futile, treatments that are not medically indicated, or those that are not in the patient's best interests to receive. A secondary question asked to study participants was whether they believed their professional college allowed, or further, required them to use shared decision‐making in their practice. The initial hypothesis of the researcher in this study was that SDM is not well understood by physicians, and that this lack of understanding, combined with other factors to be discussed in the full text, may result in patients receiving ethically‐inappropriate treatment. Results suggest support for this hypothesis, and that SDM should be more closely examined if it is to be pursued as a method of decision making.
Do Different Ascertainment Techniques Identify the Same Individuals as Sarcopenic in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging?
Authors: Mayhew Alexandra J. , Phillips Stuart M. , Sohel Nazmul , Thabane Lehana , McNicholas Paul D. , de Souza Russell J. , Parise Gianni , Raina Parminder 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESSarcopenia is associated with poor health outcomes such as disability, institutionalization, and mortality. Efforts to manage sarcopenia clinically have been hindered by challenges in determining how to ascertain sarcopenia status correctly. The objective of this project was to assess the agreement between the different methods of ascertaining sarcopenia recommended by expert groups.DESIGNCross‐sectional study of baseline data (2011–2015) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.SETTINGPopulation‐based multicenter study of community‐dwelling participants.PARTICIPANTSEligible participants (n = 12,646) aged 65 to 85 living within 25 to 50 km of 11 data collection sites in Canada. The analyses included 10,820 participants with the data required to diagnose sarcopenia.MEASUREMENTSSarcopenia was operationalized as appendicular lean mass (ALM), ALM and grip strength, ALM and gait speed, and grip strength and gait speed. Within each combination, ALM was adjusted for height squared, weight, body mass index, and the residual of regressing lean mass on height and fat mass. The lowest 20th sex‐specific percentile values were used as the cutoffs for low ALM. Low grip strength cutoffs of 35.5 kg for men and 20 kg for women and a gait speed cutoff of .8 m/s were used.RESULTSThe mean age was 73.0 ± 5.6 years, and 51.9% of the sample was male. The agreement (Cohen's κ) between the different combinations of variables used to ascertain sarcopenia status was below .50. Agreement for the different lean mass adjustment techniques ranged from .04 to .76.CONCLUSIONThe combination of variables used to ascertain sarcopenia and many of the ALM adjustment techniques have insufficient agreement to be considered equivalent. This has important clinical implications for the management of sarcopenia because treatments may differ based on how sarcopenia is identified. To improve the clinical utility of sarcopenia, a unified definition of sarcopenia is required.
Conflicting Orders in Physician Orders forLife‐SustainingTreatment Forms
Authors: Lee Robert Y. , Modes Matthew E. , Sathitratanacheewin Seelwan , Engelberg Ruth A. , Curtis J. Randall , Kross Erin K. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMany older persons with chronic illness use Physician Orders for Life‐Sustaining Treatment (POLST) to document portable medical orders for emergency care. However, some POLSTs contain combinations of orders that do not translate into a cohesive care plan (eg, cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] without intensive care, or intensive care without antibiotics). This study characterizes the prevalence and predictors of POLSTs with conflicting orders.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGLarge academic health system.PARTICIPANTSA total of 3,123 POLST users with chronic life‐limiting illness who died between 2010 and 2015 (mean age = 69.7 years).MEASUREMENTSIn a retrospective review of all POLSTs in participants' electronic health records, we describe the prevalence of POLSTs with conflicting orders for cardiac arrest and medical interventions, and use clustered logistic regression to evaluate potential predictors of conflicting orders. We also examine the prevalence of conflicts between POLST orders for antibiotics and artificial nutrition with orders for cardiac arrest or medical interventions.RESULTSAmong 3,924 complete POLSTs belonging to 3,123 decedents, 209 (5.3%) POLSTs contained orders to “attempt CPR” paired with orders for “limited interventions” or “comfort measures only”; 745/3169 (23.5%) POLSTs paired orders to restrict antibiotics with orders to deliver non‐comfort‐only care; and, 170/3098 (5.5%) POLSTs paired orders to withhold artificial nutrition with orders to deliver CPR or intensive care. Among POLSTs with orders to avoid intensive care, orders to attempt CPR were more likely to be present in POLSTs completed earlier in the patient's illness course (adjusted odds ratio = 1.27 per twofold increase in days from POLST to death; 95% confidence interval = 1.18–1.36;P < .001).CONCLUSIONAlthough most POLSTs are actionable by clinicians, 5% had conflicting orders for cardiac arrest and medical interventions, and 24% had one or more conflicts between orders for cardiac arrest, medical interventions, antibiotics, and artificial nutrition. These conflicting orders make implementation of POLST challenging for clinicians in acute care settings.
Three‐scope carbon emission inventories of global cities
Authors: Wiedmann Thomas , Chen Guangwu , Owen Anne , Lenzen Manfred , Doust Michael , Barrett John , Steele Kristian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA major challenge for cities taking action on climate change is assessing and managing the contribution of urban consumption which triggers greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions outside city boundaries. Using a novel method of creating city‐level input–output tables, we present the first consistent, large‐scale, and global assessment of three‐scope GHG inventories for 79 members of the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. These inventories cover the emissions from sources located within city boundaries (Scope 1), emissions occurring as a consequence of the use of grid‐supplied electricity, heat, steam, and/or cooling (Scope 2), and all other GHG emissions that occur outside the city boundary as a result of activities taking place within the city (Scope 3). We find that, by only accounting for territorial emissions, without Scope 3, the 79 C40 cities under‐report 4% of global annual GHG emissions from six key infrastructure‐related transboundary sources (73%) and from service‐related sectors (27%). In contrast, when only accounting for consumption‐based emissions, the C40 cities would miss the mitigation target on 41% of their territorial emissions. We argue that cities should complement their GHG inventories, adding full Scope 3 to Scopes 1 and 2, and develop low‐carbon consumption strategies in addition to current infrastructure‐focused action on climate change.
Will the patient’s double eyelid shape be like that of the surgeon performing the procedure? A study of surgeons’ aesthetics in East Asian Blepharoplasty
Authors: Wang Hayson Chenyu , Ting Wenyun , Tong Dandan , Dong Ruijia , Long Xiao , Huang Jiuzuo , Cao Hairu , Tianyu Sun Elliot , Yu Nanze , Wang Xiaojun , Zhao Ru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo reports of the potential areas of surgeons' aesthetics in blepharoplasty.AimsTo explore the association between the surgeons' own double eyelid morphology and their aesthetics and surgical outcome.MethodsAn investigation of 1605 patients was carried collecting the data of double eyelid shape, based on which to propose a preliminary double eyelid classification for analyzing the aesthetics of surgeons. Ten double eyelid surgical cases were randomly collected from each surgeon according to the inclusion criteria, whose double eyelid shape, ideal shape, the selection tendency of surgical approach, most cared factor during surgery, and design concept of eyelid shape were collected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to assess the association between participants' double eyelid shape, aesthetics, and blepharoplasty outcome.ResultsFifty‐three double eyelid surgeons were enrolled for study, whose double eyelids shapes mostly were obviously fan‐shaped (37.74%) and low‐parallel eyelid (26.42%), and the ideal shapes were obviously fan‐shaped (41.51%) and high‐parallel eyelid (24.53%). 54.72% of the subjects preferred to use the full‐incisional method. 45.28% cared for long‐term outcome most. Regarding blepharoplasty outcome style, 49.06% of the subjects preferred obviously fan‐shaped type and 24.53% for high‐parallel type. SEM showed that aesthetics rank increased by 0.692 points for surgeons’ shape (P < .001), and surgical outcome rank increased by 0.861 points for aesthetics (P < .001). However, their eyelid shape had no direct contribution to surgical outcome (P = .96).ConclusionsThe findings indicated that surgeons' double eyelid shape positively affected their aesthetics, which affected their surgical outcomes further, but their double eyelid shape failed to affect the surgical outcomes directly.
Effect of grape seed extract on skin fibroblasts exposed to UVA light and its photostability in sunscreen formulation
Authors: Yarovaya Liudmila , Waranuch Neti , Wisuitiprot Wudtichai , Khunkitti Watcharee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGrape seed extract (GSE) is rich in polyphenolic compounds, particularly (+)‐catechin (C) and (‐)‐epicatechin (EC). Strong antioxidant activity of these compounds makes GSE to be value‐added to the cosmetics with anti‐aging properties. However, a lack of stability in different environmental conditions makes GSE challenging for the development of photostable cosmetic sunscreen products.AimsTo evaluate photoprotective effects of GSE on human dermal fibroblasts irradiated with UVA light and assess photostability of catechins in cream formulations containing GSE alone or in combination with octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC).MethodsMTT assay was used to assess protective effects of GSE on fibroblasts irradiated with UVA light. A photostability of C and EC in GSE and in cream formulation containing GSE was investigated using high‐performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by reflection and transmission spectrophotometry using Transpore™ tapes and polymethacrylate (PMMA) plates as substrates.ResultsHigh UVA doses damaged fibroblast structure and inhibited their growth. However, GSE increased cell viability and effectively protected them from UVA damage. Photostability of C and EC was achieved by combination of GSE and OMC that also improved absorption capacity of UV filter and increased overall efficacy of formulation. PMMA plates showed better applicability for in vitro photostability testing of sunscreen formulations. However, despite the instability of Transpore® tape under heat from UV exposure, it can still be economically a substrate of alternative choice for screening.ConclusionsGSE can be used as an effective and sustainable natural resource for prevention of UV‐induced skin damage providing long‐term protection against premature skin aging.
White Matter Lesions in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: Multimodal Advanced MRI and Cognitive Associations
Authors: Rane Swati , Owen Julia , Hippe Daniel S. , Cholerton Brenna , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Montine Tom , Grabowski Thomas J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTCerebrovascular disease is a common comorbidity in older adults, typically assessed in terms of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on MRI. While it is well known that WMHs exacerbate cognitive symptoms, the exact relation of WMHs with cognitive performance and other degenerative diseases is unknown. Furthermore, based on location, WMHs are often classified into periventricular and deep WMHs and are believed to have different pathological origins. Whether the two types of WMHs influence cognition differently is unclear. Using regression models, we assessed the independent association of these two types of WMHs with cognitive performance in two separate studies focused on distinct degenerative diseases, early Alzheimer's (mild cognitive impairment), and Parkinson's disease. We further tested if the two types of WMHs were differentially associated with reduced cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) as measured by arterial spin labeling and increased mean diffusivity (MD, a marker of tissue injury) as measured by diffusion imaging. Our approach revealed that both deep and periventricular WMHs were associated with poor performance on tests of global cognition (Montreal cognitive Assessment, MoCA), task processing (Trail making test), and category fluency in the study of mild cognitive impairment. They were associated with poor performance in global cognition (MoCA) and category fluency in the Parkinson's disease study. Of note, more associations were detected between cognitive performance and deep WMHs than between cognitive performance and periventricular WMHs. Mechanistically, both deep and periventricular WMHs were associated with increased MD. Both deep and periventricular WMHs were also associated with reduced CBF in the gray matter.
Cognitive Decline and White Matter Integrity Degradation in Myotonic Dystrophy Type I
Authors: Lopez‐Titla Maria Margarita , Chirino Amanda , Cruz Solis Sara Vanessa , Hernandez‐Castillo Carlos R. , Diaz Rosalinda , Márquez‐Quiroz Luz del Carmen , Magaña Jonathan J , Beltrán‐Parrazal Luis , Fernandez‐Ruiz Juan 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMyotonic Dystrophy Type I (DM1) is a neurodegenerative, genetic, and multisystemic disorder with a large variety of symptoms due to a CTG trinucleotide expansion located on Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene. Previous reports have shown cognitive deterioration in these patients. Given that white matter (WM) degradation has also been reported in DM1 patients, here we explored if alterations in the cognitive profile of DM1 patients could be related to the deterioration of WM.METHODSA total of 22 classic DM1 patients with age range (18‐56 years) and 22 matched healthy control subjects were neuropsychological evaluated by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated (CANTAB). Patients were evaluated with the Muscular Impairment Rating Scale (MIRS). We then evaluated the cerebral WM integrity using the Fractional Anisotropy (FA) index obtained from the Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data acquired with a 3T MR scanner.RESULTSDM1 patients showed generalized reduction of WM integrity across the brain. Similarly, patients’ neuropsychological evaluation showed significant deficits in memory and problem‐solving tasks. Correlation analyses showed a significant correlation between FA deterioration at frontal, temporomedial, and parietal lobes and delayed matched to sample deficits.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that despite the pervasive WM integrity loss in DM1 disorder, specific memory impairments can be associated to discreet areas of WM deterioration in these patients.
Three‐Dimensional Accuracy of Conventional Versus Digital Complete Arch Implant Impressions
Authors: Albayrak Berkman , Sukotjo Cortino , Wee Alvin G , Korkmaz İsmail Hakkı , Bayındır Funda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe accuracy of digital impressions is still controversial for complete arch implant cases. The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of different intraoral scanners with the conventional technique in terms of trueness and precision in a complete arch implant model.Material and MethodsEight implants were inserted asymmetrically in a polyurethane edentulous mandibular model with different angulations. A 3‐dimensional (3D) reference model was obtained by scanning this polyurethane model with an optical scanner. First, digital impressions were made by using 3 different intraoral scanners: Carestream 3500 (DC), Cerec Omnicam (DO) and 3Shape Trios 3 (DT). Subsequently, a nonsplinted open tray impression technique was used for conventional impression group (C) and then the master casts were digitalized with a lab scanner. Each 10 STL files belonging to 4 different impression groups were imported to a reverse engineering program, to measure distance and angle deviations from the reference model. All statistical analyses were performed after taking absolute values of the data. After comparing the impression groups with one‐way ANOVA, the trueness and precision values were analyzed by Tukey post hoc test and 0.05 was used as the level of significance.ResultsThe mean trueness of distance was 123.06 ± 89.83 µm for DC, 229.72 ± 121.34 µm for DO, 209.75 ± 47.07 µm for DT, and 345.32 ± 75.12 µm for C group (p < 0.0001). While DC showed significantly lower deviation compared to DO and C, no significant difference was found between DC and DT. C showed the highest distance deviation significantly in all groups; and no significant difference was found between DO and DT groups. In angle measurements; the trueness was 0.26° ± 0.07° for DC, 0.53° ± 0.42° for DO, 0.33° ± 0.30° for DT, and 0.74° ± 0.65° for C group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of angular trueness (p = 0.074). In terms of the precision for distance, the results of DC 80.43 ± 29.69 µm, DO 94.06 ± 69.96 µm, DT 35.55 ± 28.46 µm and C 66.97 ± 36.69 µm were determined (p = 0.036). The significant difference was found only between DT and DO among all groups. Finally, angular precision was determined to be 0.19° ± 0.11° for DC, 0.30° ± 0.28° for DO, 0.22° ± 0.19° for DT, and 0.50° ± 0.38° for Group C. No significant difference was found between the groups, in terms of angular precision (p = 0.053).ConclusionsAll digital impression groups yielded superior data compared to conventional technique in terms of trueness. DC formed the impression group with the highest trueness in both distance and angular measurements. The results of this in vitro study suggest the use of intraoral scanners compared to the conventional impression techniques in complete arch implant cases with high angulations.
Change in mental health symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of appraisals and daily life experiences
Authors: Brose Annette , Blanke Elisabeth S. , Schmiedek Florian , Kramer Andrea C. , Schmidt Andrea , Neubauer Andreas B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveWhen confronted with major threats, people often experience decline in well‐being. The central purpose of this study was to identify mechanisms underlying change of well‐being in times of threat, using the example of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a focus on appraisals of the pandemic and affective states, stress, as well as mindfulness in daily life.MethodWe conducted a study across 3.5 weeks, including pretest, posttest, and a diary phase in‐between. We worked with a sample of 460 adults, pre‐ and post‐test information, as well as 7,189 observations from the diary phase.ResultsResults showed that deterioration in mental health symptoms across the duration of the study was associated with (a) change towards less fortunate appraisals of the pandemic and (b), more negative affect and less mindfulness in daily life. Furthermore, appraisals of the pandemic at pretest predicted experiences in daily life, with more negative appraisals of the pandemic predicting more negative affect and stressor occurrence as well as less mindfulness.ConclusionsThese findings speak to the dynamic nature of well‐being and appraisals in times of threat, and highlight the role of experiences in daily life in changes in well‐being.
Insurer risk and performance before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis: The role of monitoring institutional ownership
Authors: Ma Yu‐Luen , Ren Yayuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between institutional ownership and insurers' risk and performance before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis. Monitoring institutional investors are defined as those that have (a) a long‐term investment horizon, (b) large holdings in the investee firm, (c) independence from management, and (d) a large portion of their portfolio invested in the firm. We measure both the level and persistence of monitoring institutional ownership and find a negative relationship between monitoring institutional ownership and an insurer's stock stability and performance during the crisis. Further examination reveals that these firms took more risk before the crisis. Whereas many monitoring institutions exited the insurance market after the crisis, evidence suggests that the remaining institutional investors in the postcrisis period have a longer investment horizon and are active in monitoring and risk management.