bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A J curve of interprofessional change: co-locating non-health partners in an oncology unit
Authors: Young Jenny , Snowden Austyn 
Published: February 2020

Background: Internationally, clinicians face increased demand, pressure on resources and unmet patient needs. A community social support service was co-located within cancer clinics in Glasgow, Scotland to help address some of these needs. Aim: To analyse the impact of the service on clinical staff and to propose an explanatory theory of change. Method: Qualitative exploratory design, using thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 8 nurse specialists and 2 medical oncologists from lung, breast, head and neck, and gastrointestinal oncology teams in Glasgow in 2018–2019. Findings: Four themes captured this process: ‘The conversation’, ‘A better experience’, ‘Freedom to focus’ and ‘Working hand in hand’. Conclusion: Together, these four themes explained the process of effective interprofessional working. This process would have been predicted by the J-curve literature on diffusion of innovations. Linking J-curve theory to this successful process provides new understanding that could prove essential for clinical teams who are implementing change within their practice.
Nursing measures to support the needs of haematological cancer survivors post-treatment: a literature review
Authors: Heveran Laura , Andrewes Tanya 
Published: February 2020

Background: Patients with haematological cancers are surviving longer due to increasingly effective treatments. Many patients continue to need support and advice after treatment ends. Aims: To review the support needs of patients after treatment for haematological cancer, in order to establish nursing measures for supporting them. Methods: A literature review and thematic analysis of six primary research articles. Findings: Three themes were identified: a sense of abandonment, education about late effects, and becoming a survivor. Conclusion: Understanding an individual's support needs after treatment for haematological cancer enables nurses to offer sensitive, individualised care to patients. A tailored survivorship plan, led by a specialist nurse, helps to meet the ongoing holistic needs of haematological cancer patients.
Increasing Stability of a-amylase Obtained from Bacillus subtilis ITBCCB148 by Immobilization with Chitosan
Authors: Yandri Yandri , Suhartati Tati , Satria Heri , Widyasmara Arum , Hadi Sutopo 
Published: February 2020

In this research, the immobilization of α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis ITBCCB148 by crosslinking method on chitosan matrix has been performed. This research aims to know the effect of immobilization on the thermal stability of α-amylase. The results showed that the native α-amylase has an optimum temperature of 65oC, KM = 1.6 mg mL-1 substrate, and Vmax = 39.7 µmol mL-1 min-1. The immobilized α-amylase has optimum temperature of 75oC, KM = 3.5 mg mL-1 substrate, and Vmax = 7.05 µmol mL-1 min-1. The residual activity of the native and immobilized enzyme on thermal stability test at 65oC for 80 minutes was 58% and 86.15%, respectively. The immobilized enzyme can be reused up to six repeated cycles.The thermodynamic data of native enzyme was t½ = 113.6 min, ki = 6.1x10-3 min-1, and ΔGi = 107.3 kJ mol-1, while the immobilized enzyme was t½ = 433.1 min, ki= 1.6x10-3 min-1, and ΔGi 111.1 kJ mol-1. Based on the decrease of ki, and the increase of ΔGi and half-life(t½) values, the immobilization of α-amylase with chitosan can increase the thermal stability of this enzyme.
Cascaded single-mode fibers for higher-order soliton compression at 2  µm
Authors: Wang Fumin , Li Qian 
Published: February 2020

We present the design of single-mode fibers for two-stage higher-order soliton compression at 2 µm wavelength and achieve high-degree pulse compression in cascaded single-mode fibers. The compression performance for the initial input pulse width from 1 to 50 ps is also investigated. For the initial third-order soliton of 10 ps, a compression factor of 75.7 has been achieved, and the pedestal energy is only 46.66%.
Higher-order QAM data transmission using a high-coherence hybrid Si/III–V semiconductor laser
Authors: Zou Kaiheng , Zhang Zhewei , Liao Peicheng , Wang Huolei , Cao Yinwen , Almaiman Ahmed , Fallahpour Ahmad , Alishahi Fatemeh , Satyan Naresh , Rakuljic George , Tur Moshe , Yariv Amnon , Willner Alan E. 
Published: February 2020

We experimentally demonstrate the use of a high-coherence hybrid silicon (Si)/III–V semiconductor laser as the light source for a transmitter generating 20 Gbaud 16- and 64- quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) data signals over an 80 km single-mode fiber (SMF) link. The hybrid Si/III–V laser has a measured Schawlow–Townes linewidth of

∼

10

k
H
z

, which is achieved by storing modal optical energy in low-loss Si, rather than the relatively lossy III–V materials. We measure a received bit error rate (BER) of

4.1

×

10

−
3

when transmitting the 64-QAM data over an 80 km SMF using the hybrid Si/III–V laser. Furthermore, we measure a BER of

<

1

×

10

−
4

with the Viterbi–Viterbi digital carrier phase recovery method when transmitting the 16-QAM data over an 80 km SMF using the hybrid Si/III–V laser. This performance is achieved at power penalties lower than those obtained with an exemplary distributed feedback laser and slightly higher than those with an exemplary narrow-linewidth external cavity laser.
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of co-sputtered Ge-Sb-Se amorphous thin films
Authors: Halenkovič Tomáš , Gutwirth Jan , Kuriakose Tintu , Bouška Marek , Chauvet Mathieu , Renversez Gilles , Němec Petr , Nazabal Virginie 
Published: February 2020

Amorphous Ge-Sb-Se thin films were co-sputtered from

G
e
S
e

4

and

S
b

2

S
e

3

targets. Depending on the film composition, linear optical properties were studied by ellipsometry. The Kerr coefficient and two-photon absorption coefficient were estimated using Sheik-Bahae’s formalism for co-sputtered films of

G
e
S
e

4

-

S
b

2

S
e

3

compared to

G
e
S
e

2

-

S
b

2

S
e

3

pseudo-binary system and

A
s

2

S
e

3

as reference. The Kerr coefficient was found within the range of

4.9

–

−
21
×

10

−
18

. Quantitatively by means of a figure of merit at 1.55 µm, thin films with compositions of

G
e

7

S
b

25

S
e

68

and

G
e

9

S
b

20

S
e

71

having an estimated Kerr coefficient of about

10.1

×

10

−
18

m

2

W

−
1

and

13.4

×

10

−
18

m

2

W

−
1

should be considered for the future nonlinear optical integrated platforms. Such compositions being close to

(

G
e
S
e

4

)

50

(

S
b

2

S
e

3

)

50

pseudo-binary (i.e.,

G
e

7.5

S
b

25.0

S
e

67.5

) provides just the trade-off between a high Kerr coefficient and low optical losses related to two-photon absorption.
How ethical leadership is related to authenticity
Authors: Demont-Biaggi Florian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this conceptual paper, I shall explain one concrete way of defining ethical leadership, namely authentic leadership. After a description of the ethical components some canonical proponents envisage, objections from the recent literature will be discussed. The main focus will be on how the concept of authenticity helps us to better understand ethical leadership. The central line of thought is this: If we construe authenticity in interactional and processual terms, where leadership is seen as a process of interaction between people in concrete contexts, then we may identify patterns of leadership development through which we can make sense of how authenticity and ethics are related. In the end, as will be argued, these patterns have one pivot: authenticity and ethics come together in a leader's moral conscience. But moral conscience also has important implications on the level of interactions between people in groups and thus affect how ethical leadership influences followers and organizational structures. It is this last thought, which will conclude the article.
Zur Wirkungsmessung digitaler Transformationsprozesse in Arbeitswelten
Authors: Becka Denise , Enste Peter , Ludwig Christine 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
In der Debatte um die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt adressieren empirische Forschungsarbeiten Veränderungen von Arbeitsmärkten, Arbeitsplätzen, Berufen, Tätigkeitsprofilen und Tätigkeiten in verschiedenen Settings. Ein Überblick über Verfahren zur Messung von Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeitswelt fehlt bislang. Der Beitrag untersucht anhand eines systematischen Literaturreviews Methoden zur Wirkungsmessung digitalisierter Arbeit in empirischen Studien. Zentrale Fragen adressieren die Konzeptualisierung und Operationalisierung von Digitalisierung im Arbeitskontext sowie die methodische Konzeption von Wirkungsanalysen. Die in das Review eingeschlossenen Studien konzentrieren sich auf arbeitsmarkt- sowie branchenbezogene Untersuchungen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine breite Spanne von eingesetzten Methoden auf, die qualitative sowie quantitative Untersuchungen einschließt und von retrospektiven Wirkungsmessungen bis hin zu prospektiven Wirkungsprojektionen reicht. Die Weiterentwicklung von Instrumenten zur Wirkungsmessung digitalisierter Arbeitswelten kann von einer stärkeren Konzentration auf Wirkungsdynamiken sowie themenzentrierte Analysen, beispielsweise zum (informellen) Erwerb digitaler Kompetenzen, profitieren.
Mitbestimmung und Partizipation im Transformationsprozess zur Industrie 4.0
Authors: Kuhlenkötter Bernd , Lins Dominik , Niewerth Claudia , Prinz Christopher , Schäfer Marvin , Wannöffel Manfred 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der digitale Transformationsprozess der Arbeitswelt unterliegt keinem technologischen Determinismus, sondern stellt das Ergebnis eines komplexen soziotechnischen Aushandlungsprozesses dar – er ist arbeitspolitisch gestaltbar. Die übergeordneten Forschungsfragen dieser Studie legen den Fokus auf zwei Aspekte des soziotechnischen Transformationsprozesses: den Umsetzungsstand von Industrie 4.0 in nordrhein-westfälischen Industrieunternehmen und die Wirkung von Schulungsmaßnahmen für Betriebsrät_innen als Methodenelement für die Befähigung der betrieblichen Interessenvertretung zur Gestaltung des Wandels. Der Logik des explorativen Signifikanztestens folgend, werden quantitative Ergebnisse als Grundlage genutzt, um Hypothesen abzuleiten, die sich in Folgestudien als A-priori-Hypothesen prüfen lassen. Wie bereits in der durch das Forschungsinstitut für gesellschaftliche Weiterentwicklung (FGW) veröffentlichten Studie „Industrie 4.0: Mitbestimmen – mitgestalten. Umsetzungsstand von Industrie 4.0 in nordrhein-westfälischen Industrieunternehmen“ wird die Datengrundlage durch die Angaben von 144 Betriebsrät_innen, 137 Beschäftigten und 52 Vertreter_innen der Geschäftsführung aus 51 nordrhein-westfälischen Industrieunternehmen gebildet.
The application of
137
Cs and
210
Pb

ex

methods in soil erosion research of Titel loess plateau, Vojvodina, Northern Serbia
Authors: Kalkan Kristina S. , Forkapić Sofija , Marković Slobodan B. , Bikit Kristina , Gavrilov Milivoj B. , Tošić Radislav , Mrđa Dušan , Lakatoš Robert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Soil erosion is one of the largest global problems of environmental protection and sustainable development, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. The need for fast and accurate soil rate assessment of erosion and deposition favors the application of alternative methods based on the radionuclide measurement technique contrary to long-term conventional methods. In this paper, we used gamma spectrometry measurements of 137Cs and unsupported 210Pb
ex
in order to quantify the erosion on the Titel Loess Plateau near the Tisa (Tisza) River in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Along the slope of the study area and in the immediate vicinity eight representative soil depth profiles were taken and the radioactivity content in 1 cm thick soil layers was analyzed. Soil erosion rates were estimated according to the profile distribution model and the diffusion and migration model for undisturbed soil. The net soil erosion rates, estimated by 137Cs method range from −2.3 t ha−1 yr−1 to −2.7 t ha−1 yr−1, related to the used conversion model which is comparable to published results of similar studies of soil erosion in the region. Vertical distribution of natural radionuclides in soil profiles was also discussed and compared with the profile distribution of unsupported 210Pb
ex
measurements. The use of diffusion and migration model to convert the results of 210Pb
ex
activities to soil redistribution rates indicates a slightly higher net erosion of −3.7 t ha−1 yr−1 with 98% of the sediment delivery ratio.
From the perspective of the object in semiotics: Deleuze and Peirce
Authors: Dawkins Roger 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFrom Peirce, a sign represents something other than itself, an object, for some third; from Deleuze, a sign can create and erase an object, for some third. He makes this claim in the cinema books, without detailed explication. It is a fleeting reference to the Peircean triad developed in his semiotics; moreover, references to “objects” in Deleuze’s discussions of signs in his other work are often generic. In this essay, I explain what it means in Deleuze’s semiotics for a sign to create and erase its object. My method is to use the perspective of the object in the semiotic triad to compare Deleuze and Peirce’s semiotics. Deleuze’s sign that creates and erases its object marks a clear departure from Peirce’s semiotics. For Deleuze, like Peirce, an acquaintance with the object independent of the action of the sign is necessary for semiotics. Of most significance is that for Peirce, thinking with signs necessarily involves modifying prior knowledge of the object – meaning one’s conception of the object is a version of what was already known; while for Deleuze, thinking with signs can involve producing ideas at a second remove from the object – in turn, creating and erasing new object(s). Ultimately, this essay contributes to research on Deleuze’s cinema books by undertaking a detailed reading of a part of his discussion that has not been analyzed. Furthermore, in producing Deleuze’s concept of a sign that creates and erases its object, this essay reminds us how we think – andcouldthink – with signs, reaffirming the importance of semiotic analysis for discussion about thinking with signs. Finally, this essay contributes to scholarship on Deleuze’s and Peirce’s semiotics.
Chronic Stress Induces Maladaptive Behaviors by Activating Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Signaling in the Mouse Oval Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
Authors: Hu Pu , Liu Ji , Maita Isabella , Kwok Christopher , Gu Edward , Gergues Mark M. , Kelada Frederric , Phan Mimi , Zhou Jiang-Ning , Swaab Dick F. , Pang Zhiping P. , Lucassen Paul J. , Roepke Troy A. , Samuels Benjamin A. 
Published: February 2020

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a forebrain region highly responsive to stress that expresses corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and is implicated in mood disorders, such as anxiety. However, the exact mechanism by which chronic stress induces CRH-mediated dysfunction in BNST and maladaptive behaviors remains unclear. Here, we first confirmed that selective acute optogenetic activation of the oval nucleus BNST (ovBNST) increases maladaptive avoidance behaviors in male mice. Next, we found that a 6 week chronic variable mild stress (CVMS) paradigm resulted in maladaptive behaviors and increased cellular excitability of ovBNST CRH neurons by potentiating mEPSC amplitude, altering the resting membrane potential, and diminishing M-currents (a voltage-gated K+current that stabilizes membrane potential) inex vivoslices. CVMS also increased c-fos+cells in ovBNST following handling. We next investigated potential molecular mechanism underlying the electrophysiological effects and observed that CVMS increased CRH+and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide+(PACAP; a CRH upstream regulator) cells but decreased striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase+(a STEP CRH inhibitor) cells in ovBNST. Interestingly, the electrophysiological effects of CVMS were reversed by CRHR1-selective antagonist R121919 application. CVMS also activated protein kinase A (PKA) in BNST, and chronic infusion of the PKA-selective antagonist H89 into ovBNST reversed the effects of CVMS. Coadministration of the PKA agonist forskolin prevented the beneficial effects of R121919. Finally, CVMS induced an increase in surface expression of phosphorylated GluR1 (S845) in BNST. Collectively, these findings highlight a novel and indispensable stress-induced role for PKA-dependent CRHR1 signaling in activating BNST CRH neurons and mediating maladaptive behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic stress and acute activation of oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ovBNST) induces maladaptive behaviors in rodents. However, the precise molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that chronic variable mild stress activates corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-associated stress signaling and CRH neurons in ovBNST by potentiating mEPSC amplitude and decreasing M-current in male mice. These electrophysiological alterations and maladaptive behaviors were mediated by BNST protein kinase A-dependent CRHR1 signaling. Our results thus highlight the importance of BNST CRH dysfunction in chronic stress-induced disorders.
But Still It Moves: Static Image Statistics Underlie How We See Motion
Authors: Rideaux Reuben , Welchman Andrew E. 
Published: February 2020

Seeing movement promotes survival. It results from an uncertain interplay between evolution and experience, making it hard to isolate the drivers of computational architectures found in brains. Here we seek insight into motion perception using a neural network (MotionNet) trained on moving images to classify velocity. The network recapitulates key properties of motion direction and speed processing in biological brains, and we use it to derive, and test, understanding of motion (mis)perception at the computational, neural, and perceptual levels. We show that diverse motion characteristics are largely explained by the statistical structure of natural images, rather than motion per se. First, we show how neural and perceptual biases for particular motion directions can result from the orientation structure of natural images. Second, we demonstrate an interrelation between speed and direction preferences in (macaque) MT neurons that can be explained by image autocorrelation. Third, we show that natural image statistics mean that speed and image contrast are related quantities. Finally, using behavioral tests (humans, both sexes), we show that it is knowledge of the speed-contrast association that accounts for motion illusions, rather than the distribution of movements in the environment (the “slow world” prior) as premised by Bayesian accounts. Together, this provides an exposition of motion speed and direction estimation, and produces concrete predictions for future neurophysiological experiments. More broadly, we demonstrate the conceptual value of marrying artificial systems with biological characterization, moving beyond “black box” reproduction of an architecture to advance understanding of complex systems, such as the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing an artificial systems approach, we show that physiological properties of motion can result from natural image structure. In particular, we show that the anisotropic distribution of orientations in natural statistics is sufficient to explain the cardinal bias for motion direction. We show that inherent autocorrelation in natural images means that speed and direction are related quantities, which could shape the relationship between speed and direction tuning of MT neurons. Finally, we show that movement speed and image contrast are related in moving natural images, and that motion misperception can be explained by this speed-contrast association not a “slow world” prior.
Area-Specific Synapse Structure in Branched Posterior Nucleus Axons Reveals a New Level of Complexity in Thalamocortical Networks
Authors: Rodriguez-Moreno Javier , Porrero Cesar , Rollenhagen Astrid , Rubio-Teves Mario , Casas-Torremocha Diana , Alonso-Nanclares Lidia , Yakoubi Rachida , Santuy Andrea , Merchan-Pérez Angel , DeFelipe Javier , Lübke Joachim H.R. , Clasca Francisco 
Published: February 2020

Thalamocortical posterior nucleus (Po) axons innervating the vibrissal somatosensory (S1) and motor (MC) cortices are key links in the brain neuronal network that allows rodents to explore the environment whisking with their motile snout vibrissae. Here, using fine-scale high-end 3D electron microscopy, we demonstrate in adult male C57BL/6 wild-type mice marked differences between MC versus S1 Po synapses in (1) bouton and active zone size, (2) neurotransmitter vesicle pool size, (3) distribution of mitochondria around synapses, and (4) proportion of synapses established on dendritic spines and dendritic shafts. These differences are as large, or even more pronounced, than those between Po and ventro-posterior thalamic nucleus synapses in S1. Moreover, using single-axon transfection labeling, we demonstrate that the above differences actually occur on the MC versus the S1 branches of individual Po cell axons that innervate both areas. Along with recently-discovered divergences in efficacy and plasticity, the synaptic structure differences reported here thus reveal a new subcellular level of complexity. This is a finding that upends current models of thalamocortical circuitry, and that might as well illuminate the functional logic of other branched projection axon systems.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany long-distance brain connections depend on neurons whose branched axons target separate regions. Using 3D electron microscopy and single-cell transfection, we investigated the mouse Posterior thalamic nucleus (Po) cell axons that simultaneously innervate motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex involved in whisker movement control. We demonstrate significant differences in the size of the boutons made in each area by individual Po axons, as well as in functionally-relevant parameters in the composition of their synapses. In addition, we found similarly large differences between the synapses of Po versus ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus axons in the whisker sensory cortex. Area-specific synapse structure in individual axons implies a new, unsuspected level of complexity in long-distance brain connections.