bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the New 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Aljaberi Najla , Nguyen Kim , Strahle Catherine , Merritt Angela , Mathur Arjun , Brunner Hermine I. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic usefulness of the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to that of the 1997 ACR classification criteria for SLE when applied to youths (age ≤21 years) with SLE.MethodsData were extracted from electronic health records of patients followed at a large academic pediatric hospital. The treating rheumatologist’s diagnosis of SLE served as the standard criterion for identifying SLE patients (cases). Controls were patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), juvenile scleroderma, or juvenile systemic sclerosis (SSc). The 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria and the 1997 ACR criteria were tested against the standard criterion.ResultsA total of 112 SLE patients ages 2–21 years and 105 controls ages 1–19 years (66% juvenile DM, 34% juvenile scleroderma or juvenile SSc) were available for analysis. The 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria had significantly higher sensitivity (85% versus 72%; P = 0.023) and similar specificity (83% versus 87%; P = 0.456) than the 1997 ACR criteria. The mean ± SD 2019 EULAR/ACR classification summary scores were significantly higher among non‐White than White patients (22.41 ± 10.04 versus 17.59 ± 9.19; P < 0.01). The sensitivity of the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria in non‐White/White patients was 92%/80% (P = 0.08) versus 83%/64% (P < 0.02) for the 1997 ACR criteria. The sensitivity of the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria was not affected by age or sex.ConclusionThe 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria efficiently classify youths with SLE, irrespective of age, sex, and race. Compared to the 1997 ACR criteria, the new criteria are significantly more sensitive and similarly specific in youths with SLE.
NiCo2O4‐Based Nanosheets with Uniform 4 nm Mesopores for Excellent Zn–Air Battery Performance
Authors: Yin Jie , Jin Jing , Liu Hongbo , Huang Bolong , Lu Min , Li Jianyi , Liu Hanwen , Zhang Hong , Peng Yong , Xi Pinxian , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerein, a strategy is reported for the fabrication of NiCo2O4‐based mesoporous nanosheets (PNSs) with tunable cobalt valence states and oxygen vacancies. The optimized NiCo2.148O4 PNSs with an average Co valence state of 2.3 and uniform 4 nm nanopores present excellent catalytic performance with an ultralow overpotential of 190 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and long‐term stability (700 h) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. Furthermore, Zn–air batteries built using the NiCo2.148O4 PNSs present a high power and energy density of 83 mW cm−2 and 910 Wh kg−1, respectively. Moreover, a portable battery box with NiCo2.148O4 PNSs as the air cathode presents long‐term stability for 120 h under low temperatures in the range of 0 to −35 °C. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the prominent electron exchange and transfer activity of the electrocatalyst is attributed to the surface lower‐coordinated Co‐sites in the porous region presenting a merging 3d–eg–t2g band, which overlaps with the Fermi level of the Zn–air battery system. This favors the adsorption of the *OH, and stabilized *O radicals are reached, toward competitively lower overpotential, demonstrating a generalized key for optimally boosting overall OER performance.
A Phenol‐Amine Superglue Inspired by Insect Sclerotization Process
Authors: Wang Younseon , Jeon Eun Je , Lee Jeehee , Hwang Honggu , Cho Seung‐Woo , Lee Haeshin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExoskeletons of insects formed by sclerotization processes exhibit superstrong properties in moduli. Here, it is demonstrated that mimicking the sclerotization process using phenol and polyamine molecules unexpectedly results in a 100% ecofriendly, biocompatible waterborne superglue. Oxygen presented in air and dissolved in water acts as an initiator producing phenolic radical/quinone for superglue curing. Despite synthesis‐free uses of water, phenol, and polyamine, its adhesion strength is comparable to commercial epoxy glue showing >6 MPa in lap shear strength. The phenol‐amine superglue bonds to various substrates including ceramics, woods, fabrics, plastics, metals, and importantly biological tissues. Due to strong adhesion, the superglue effectively seals wounds within a few seconds, and, due to its waterborne nature, no harmful respiratory effect is observed because of any release of volatile organic compounds. The easy, cost‐effective preparation of the phenol‐amine superglue can revolutionize varieties of industrial, biomedical, daily life processes.
Solution‐Processed Organic Solar Cells with High Open‐Circuit Voltage of 1.3 V and Low Non‐Radiative Voltage Loss of 0.16 V
Authors: An Ning , Cai Yunhao , Wu Hongbo , Tang Ailing , Zhang Kangning , Hao Xiaotao , Ma Zaifei , Guo Qiang , Ryu Hwa Sook , Woo Han Young , Sun Yanming , Zhou Erjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCompared with inorganic or perovskite solar cells, the relatively large non‐radiative recombination voltage losses (ΔVnon‐rad) in organic solar cells (OSCs) limit the improvement of the open‐circuit voltage (Voc). Herein, OSCs are fabricated by adopting two pairs of D–π–A polymers (PBT1‐C/PBT1‐C‐2Cl and PBDB‐T/PBDB‐T‐2Cl) as electron donors and a wide‐bandgap molecule BTA3 as the electron acceptor. In these blends, a charge‐transfer state energy (ECT) as high as 1.70–1.76 eV is achieved, leading to small energetic differences between the singlet excited states and charge‐transfer states (ΔECT ≈ 0.1 eV). In addition, after introducing chlorine atoms into the π‐bridge or the side chain of benzodithiophene (BDT) unit, electroluminescence external quantum efficiencies as high as 1.9 × 10−3 and 1.0 × 10−3 are realized in OSCs based on PBTI‐C‐2Cl and PBDB‐T‐2Cl, respectively. Their corresponding ΔVnon‐rad are 0.16 and 0.17 V, which are lower than those of OSCs based on the analog polymers without a chlorine atom (0.21 and 0.24 V for PBT1‐C and PBDB‐T, respectively), resulting in high Voc of 1.3 V. The ΔVnon‐rad of 0.16 V and Voc of 1.3 V achieved in PBT1‐C‐2Cl:BTA3 OSCs are thought to represent the best values for solution‐processed OSCs reported in the literature so far.
A Large‐Scale Array of Ordered Graphene‐Sandwiched Chambers for Quantitative Liquid‐Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lim Kitaek , Bae Yuna , Jeon Sungho , Kim Kihwan , Kim Byung Hyo , Kim Joodeok , Kang Sungsu , Heo Taeyeong , Park Jungwon , Lee Won Chul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLiquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers a real‐time microscopic observation of the nanometer scale for understanding the underlying mechanisms of the growth, etching, and interactions of colloidal nanoparticles. Despite such unique capability and potential application in diverse fields of analytical chemistry, liquid‐phase TEM studies rely on information obtained from the limited number of observed events. In this work, a novel liquid cell with a large‐scale array of highly ordered nanochambers is constructed by sandwiching an anodic aluminum oxide membrane between graphene sheets. TEM analysis of colloidal gold nanoparticles dispersed in the liquid is conducted, employing the fabricated nanochamber array, to demonstrate the potential of the nanochamber array in quantitative liquid‐phase TEM. The independent TEM observations in the multiple nanochambers confirm that the monomer attachment and coalescence processes universally govern the overall growth of nanoparticles, although individual nanoparticles follow different growth trajectories.
Reduced Graphene Oxide and Nanoparticles Incorporated Durable Electroconductive Silk Fabrics
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shovon , Macintyre Chandini Raina , Bahl Prateek , Kumar Uttam , Wen Xinyue , Aguey‐Zinsou Kondo‐Francois , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Joshi Rakesh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGraphene derivatives have the capability of forming chemical bonding with fabrics and show the potential to be used in smart textiles. However, the challenge is to fabricate highly conductive multifunctional fabric with good washing durability. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and silver (Ag)/copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs)‐coated durable electroconductive silk fabric is fabricated by facile dip and dry method using 3‐glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxy silane as coupling agent (CA). Results show that RGO and NPs‐coated fabrics not only demonstrate low surface resistance but also excellent electrothermal property, UV shielding, enhanced thermal stability, and outstanding hydrophobicity consistently in the following order: pure silk < silk‐RGO < silk‐CA‐RGO < silk‐CA‐RGO‐Ag < silk‐CA‐RGO‐Cu. The addition of CA and NPs is found to have a significant impact on performance and washing durability. Cu incorporated samples (silk‐CA‐RGO‐Cu) show a very low value of surface resistance (3.15 kΩ sq−1) and even after washing 20 times, the resistance (6.76 kΩ sq−1) is observed to be lower than unwashed non‐Cu incorporated samples. Moreover, silk‐CA‐RGO‐Cu also has the highest UV resistance, Joule heating, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability among all samples, which makes it well suited for numerous potential applications including protective clothing, health monitoring, motion sensing, and sports clothing.
Antisolvents in Perovskite Solar Cells: Importance, Issues, and Alternatives
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Mishra Snehangshu , Singh Trilok 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells are emerging as potential solar energy harvesting tools and can be a tough competitor to already matured solar cell technologies. The success of perovskite solar cells is attributed to superior optoelectronic properties of perovskites, feasible synthesis process, and low fabrication cost. Though perovskite solar cells confront perovskite film quality related issues, such as rough surface, pinholes (which result in poor device performance) at the initial stages, many techniques have been developed to improve the perovskite film quality. Among these developed techniques, the antisolvent treatment method is certainly one of the most successful techniques till date. Antisolvent treatment increases the nucleus density during film formation to produce uniform and pinhole‐free perovskite film, which facilitates improved solar cell efficiency, low hysteresis, and stability. Interestingly, many of the best efficiency perovskite solar cells till date have been produced by the antisolvent treatment. This review discusses the fundamentals of antisolvent treatment, various aspects of antisolvent application on perovskite film, different issues with antisolvent usage, and alternatives techniques for perovskite film quality improvement.
In Situ Investigation of Adhesion Mechanisms on Complex Microstructured Biological Surfaces
Authors: Kumar Charchit , Favier Damien , Speck Thomas , Le Houérou Vincent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, plant surfaces have attracted attention given their fascinating functionalities, particularly adhesive properties, which largely result from their diverse surface structuring. This paper contributes to the adhesion mechanics investigation on complex biological surface morphologies. Elastomeric replica of three different plant leaves, comprising morphologies at a broad scale (0.5–100 µm), with distinct shapes and complexity, and of a smooth surface are studied in contact with an adhesive probe. To perform precise adhesion measurements, an ultra‐nanoindenter is modified based on the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) mechanics and equipped with an in situ real‐contact visualization system. The adhesion force on all surfaces is systematically investigated regarding the preload conditions. The results are analyzed in the light of Hertzian and JKR theories, and underlying morphology‐specific mechanisms are identified. A close examination of contact image–force reveals attachment–detachment mechanisms, arising from different preloads and topographies. A significant influence of preload on adhesion is observed on the surface with fine microstructuring and complex morphology, no specific influence is recorded for the remaining two. An overall comparison demonstrates a significant reduction in adhesion on coarse cone‐shape patterns and complex microstructures. The specific adhesion mechanisms arising from biological morphologies may offer assistance to design bioinspired interfaces.
Solution‐Grown Organic and Perovskite X‐Ray Detectors: A New Paradigm for the Direct Detection of Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Basiricò Laura , Ciavatti Andrea , Fraboni Beatrice 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe recent years witnessed an unprecedented enhancement in improved functionality materials and in the sophistication of solution‐based device fabrication techniques. Such significant advancements lead to unexpected and effective opportunities for the utilization of solution‐grown organic materials and perovskites in the detection of ionizing radiation. This review presents an updated overview of the recently reported top performing and more innovative organic/perovskite‐based X‐ray detectors, providing a comparison and a critical discussion on the different materials’ properties and performance. Solution‐growth methods that allow to obtain detector grade electronic materials are discussed, focusing on the growth both of single crystals and of thin/thick films and foreseeing the implementation of large‐area, organic/hybrid‐, and perovskite‐based radiation detectors. Insights into the X‐ray detection mechanisms are provided, detailing the fundamental processes involved in the charge collection and in the photoconductive gain model, together with the typical figures of merit that describe radiation detector performance.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Furan and Chromene Derivatives via Cascade Reactions Enabled by Cleavage of Multiple C(sp3)−F Bonds
Authors: Xie Ting , Zhang Chen , Zhang Si‐Xuan , Rao Weidong , Xu Haiyan , Shen Zhi‐Liang , Chu Xue‐Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe strong and unreactive C−F bond makes polyfluorocarbons extremely long‐lived and potentially toxic. A successive selective and controllable C(sp3)−F functionalization of polyfluoroalkylated ketones with S‐ and O‐nucleophiles to enable efficient synthesis of pharmaceutically important fluorine‐ and sulfur‐containing polycyclic furan and chromene derivatives under transition metal‐free conditions is demonstrated here. The combination of C−S/C−O coupling, aromatization, and cyclization cascade contribute to the accurate four/five C(sp3)−F bond cleavage at two different sites of perfluoroalkyl chain. The formation of reactive quinoid intermediates and the necessity of using TBAB (tetrabutylammonium bromide) as additive and Cs2CO3 as base were identified by detailed mechanistic studies.magnified image
Synthesis of 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds by Visible‐Light‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reactions of α‐Chlorocarbonyls and Enol Acetates
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wang Rui‐Guo , Song Hong‐Jian , Liu Yu‐Xiu , Wang Qing‐Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a protocol for visible‐light‐mediated radical coupling reactions of α‐chloroketones and enol acetates to afford 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds, which are important precursors and intermediates in organic synthesis. The reaction involves photoredox‐catalyzed activation of the α‐chloroketone upon photoelectron transfer, carbon–chlorine bond cleavage, and coupling of the resulting radical with the carbon–carbon double bond of the enol acetate. This mild protocol has a wide substrate scope and moderate to good yields.magnified image
α‐Amino Acids Mediated C−C Double Bonds Cleavage in Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aza‐Spirocyclic Pyrazolones
Authors: Awasthi Annapurna , Yadav Pushpendra , Kumar Virendra , Tiwari Dharmendra Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn efficient and reagent‐free synthesis of highly functionalized aza‐spirocyclic pyrazolones are achieved from easily available α‐amino acids and alkylidene pyrazolones by means of amination, C−C‐double bonds cleavage, and decarboxylative annulation process. These highly diastereoselective reactions are promoted simply by α‐amino acids and involve in situ generated azomethine ylides as reactive intermediates. This newly developed protocol involves the formation of three new bonds (one C−N and two C−C) and four new contiguous stereo‐centers including a quaternary carbon center in a single pot cascade process.magnified image
A Dual‐Excitation Decoding Strategy Based on NIR Hybrid Nanocomposites for High‐Accuracy Thermal Sensing
Authors: Yu Shaohua , Xu Jin , Shang Xiaoying , Zheng Wei , Huang Ping , Li Renfu , Tu Datao , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOptical thermal sensing holds great promise for disease theranostics. However, traditional ratiometric thermometry methods, in which intensity ratio of two nonoverlapping emissions is defined as the thermosensitive parameter, may have a limited accuracy in temperature read‐out due to the deleterious interference from wavelength‐ and temperature‐dependent photon attenuation in tissue. To overcome this limitation, a dual‐excitation decoding strategy based on NIR hybrid nanocomposites comprising self‐assembled quantum dots (QDs) and Nd3+ doped fluoride nanocrystals (NCs) is proposed for thermal sensing. Upon excitation at 808 nm, the intensity ratio of two emissions at identical wavelength (1057 nm) from QDs and NCs, respectively, is defined as the thermometric parameter R. By employing another 830 nm laser beam following the same optical path as 808 nm laser to exclusively excite QDs, the two overlapping emissions can be easily decoded. The acquired R proves to be inert to the detection depth in tissue, with a minimized temperature reading error of ≈2.3 °C at 35 °C (at a depth of ≈1.1 mm), while the traditional thermometry mode based on the nonoverlapping 1025 and 863 nm emissions may exhibit a large error of ≈43.0 °C. The insights provided by this work pave the way toward high‐accuracy deep‐tissue biosensing.
In search of agri‐food quality for wine: Is it enough to join a geographical indication?
Authors: López‐Bayón Susana , Fernández‐Barcala Marta , González‐Díaz Manuel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines whether geographical indications (GIs) truly enhance producer quality, which is a main regulatory justification for the GIs’ existence. We compare the quality of wine producers with and without GIs and test for the effectiveness of GIs based on (a) the strictness of GIs’ production standards and (b) GIs’ organizational characteristics as a collective brand. We argue that GIs encourage producer quality because they attenuate free‐riding problems, provide incentives to invest and facilitate knowledge sharing. Focusing on the Spanish wine industry, the results reveal that except for wineries with the lowest GI category (i.e., protected geographical indication), GI wineries show higher quality than non‐GI wineries. We also observe that more stringent categories increase quality but at a decreasing rate. Regarding the influence of organizational features, we found that collective action problems seem to be relevant. First, above a certain threshold, the number of producers affiliated with a GI decreases the wine producer's average quality (i.e., it shows an inverted U‐shaped relationship with quality). Second, GIs covering very large geographic areas are found to be less effective. [EconLit Citations: L15, Q12, Q18].
Course of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and pulmonary oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by oral ingestion of large doses of oxadiazon/butachlor emulsion: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Gaku , Yokofuji Hisashi , Terayama Mari , Yoshinao Daisuke , Fujino Yasuhisa , Inoue Yoshihiro , Endo Shigeatsu 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundWe treated a patient who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome following ingestion of oxadiazon/butachlor emulsion. In this case, we continuously measured matrix metalloproteinase‐1 level, an enzyme that reduces the extracellular matrix in the lungs, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1.Case PresentationA 50‐year‐old woman attempted suicide by ingesting approximately 300 mL of oxadiazon/butachlor emulsion. Respiratory disorders were observed upon admission, therefore tracheal intubation was performed, followed by artificial respiratory management (ventilator support). After that, her condition became complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome, but it improved with intensive care management. Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 level showed a course opposite to the partial pressure of arterial oxygen/percentage of inspired oxygen ratio, whereas the matrix metalloproteinase‐1/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1 ratio changed in parallel with the partial pressure of arterial oxygen/percentage of inspired oxygen ratio.ConclusionThe relationship between matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1 was presumed to be important for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
The Role of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Electronic Sensors
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Tao , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMOFs have a highly ordered self‐assembled nanostructure, high surface area, nanoporosity with tunable size and shape, reliable host–guest interactions, and responsiveness to physical and chemical stimuli which can be exploited to address critical issues in sensor applications. On the one hand, the nanoscale pore size of MOFs ranging from less than 1 nm to ≈ 10 nm not only allows the diffusion of small molecules into the pores or through the MOF layer, but also excludes other larger molecules depending on the size, shape, and conformation of MOFs. On the other hand, MOFs with flexible structure exhibit a dynamic response to external stimuli, including guest molecules, temperature, pressure, pH, and light. Due to the unsaturated coordination metal sites and active functional groups, the interaction between certain analytes and active sites results in high selectivity. In this review, we summarize the latest studies on MOF‐based electronic sensors in terms of the function of MOFs, discuss challenges, and suggest perspectives.
Rhizolutin, a Novel 7/10/6‐Tricyclic Dilactone, Dissociates Misfolded Protein Aggregates and Reduces Apoptosis/Inflammation Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kwon Yun , Shin Jisu , Nam Kwangho , An Joon Soo , Yang Seung‐Hoon , Hong Seong‐Heon , Bae Munhyung , Moon Kyuho , Cho Yakdol , Woo Jiwan , Park Keunwan , Kim Kyeonghwan , Shin Jongheon , Kim Byung‐Yong , Kim YoungSoo , Oh Dong‐Chan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRhizolutin (1) was discovered as a natural product of ginseng‐rhizospheric Streptomyces sp. WON17. Its structure features an unprecedented 7/10/6‐tricyclic dilactone carbon skeleton composed of dimethylcyclodecatriene flanked by a 7‐membered and a 6‐membered lactone ring based on spectroscopic analysis. During an unbiased screening of natural product libraries, this novel compound was found to dissociate amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles, which are key pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rhizolutin treatment of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with AD significantly dissociated hippocampal plaques. In vitro, rhizolutin substantially decreased Aβ‐induced apoptosis and inflammation in neuronal and glial cells. Our findings introduce a unique chemical entity that targets Aβ and tau concurrently by mimicking misfolded protein clearance mechanisms of immunotherapy, which is prominently investigated in clinical trials.