bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a clinical model for patient spiritual journeys in supportive and palliative care: Testing a concept of human spirituality and associated recursive states
Authors: Johnson Rebecca , Hauser Joshua , Emanuel Linda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn 2015, a Chaplaincy Research Consortium generated a model of human spirituality in the palliative care context to further chaplaincy research. This article investigates the clinical fit of (a) the model's fundamental premise of universal human spirituality and (b) its 4 proposed stage descriptors (Discovery,Dialogue,Struggle, andArrival).MethodFirst, we collected qualitative data from an interdisciplinary palliative care focus group. Participants (n= 5) shared responses to the statement “the human spirit has essential commonalities across [ … ] groups and [ … ] attributes.”Participants also shared vignettes of spiritual care, and 48 vignettes illustrating patients’ spiritual journeys were subsequently taken from the transcript of that group. Second, we invited different mixed discipline palliative care professionals (n= 9) to individually card sort these vignettes to the model's 4 stage descriptors; we conducted pattern analysis on the results. We then administered a third step, convening six physicians to complete the card sort again, this time allowing designation of cards to one or two of the 4 stage descriptors.ResultsFocus group participants were supportive of the model's all-encompassing definition of spirituality. The concept of “connectedness” was a shared focus for all participants, connectedness and spirituality appearing almost synonymous. Pattern analysis of assigned 48 vignettes to the 4 stages showed stronger consensus aroundDiscoveryandArrivalthanStruggleandDialogue. Results of the additional card sort suggestedStruggleandDialogueinvolve oscillation and are harder to think of as a steady state as distinct from processes associated withDiscoveryorArrival.Significance of results“Connectedness” is a productive concept for modeling human spiritual experience near the end of life. As one healthcare professional said: “this connectedness piece is [ … ] what I always look for … ” Although further work is needed to understandstruggleanddialogueelements in peoples’ spiritual journeys, discovery andarrivalshared consensus among participants.
Women Leaders and Pandemic Performance: A Spurious Correlation
Authors: Piscopo Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe connection between women leaders and superior pandemic performance is likely spurious. This narrative overlooks that women currently govern precisely the kinds of countries that should mount effective pandemic responses: wealthy democracies with high state capacity. This article maps where women currently serve as presidents and prime ministers. The article then uses data from the Varieties of Democracy Project and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to show that many women-led countries score high on state capacity and that high-capacity states have low coronavirus mortality regardless of whether they are led by women or by men. Arguments emphasizing women chief executives’ superior pandemic performance, while offered in good faith, are misleading.
Pandemic Performance: Women Leaders in the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Aldrich Andrea S. , Lotito Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMedia outlets have reported that women leaders around the globe are managing the COVID-19 crisis better than their male counterparts, responding faster and communicating better about pandemic policies. In this article, we examine empirical data on the timing of policy responses from the Coronavirus Government Response Tracker to determine whether and how countries led by women reacted differently to the pandemic. Exploring the relationship between the gender of leaders and legislators and the timing of stay-at-home orders, school closures, and coordinated public information campaigns, we find no statistical evidence supporting popular claims in the media. However, we find some evidence that the level of gender equality in legislatures is related to school closures, a policy with clear gendered consequences. These conclusions are an important first step in understanding the potentially gendered nature of the crisis response and identifying new avenues for research.
A tribute to the foot soldiers: European health agencies in the fight against antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Deruelle Thibaud 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe prevention of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been a flagship of the EU's health policy since the early 2000s, leading the European Commission to mandate three European agencies to cooperate in the fight against AMR: EMA (the European Medicines Agency), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) and EFSA (the European Food Safety Agency). This article is at the intersection of EU health policy and the burgeoning scholarship on bureaucratic reputation. Little is known on the role played by reputational incentives on inter-agency cooperation. This empirical work supports the claim that cooperation creates incentives for agencies to protect their reputational uniqueness vis-à-vis each other. However, rather than threatening their cooperation, it amounts to a process of sense-making of their respective roles in the integrated fight against AMR. Evidence is generated through the agencies' textual sources, as well as in-depth interviews and analysed through a narrative analysis. From the early days of inter-agency cooperation, to recent legislative work, this paper offers in-depth insights on the EU's governance against AMR.
High efficiency continuous mode RF power amplifier based on second and third harmonic manipulation
Authors: Ali Firas M. , Al-Muifraje Mahmuod H. , Saeed Thamir R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContinuous mode class-J radio-frequency (RF) power amplifier is a promising technique that extends the operating bandwidth of the conventional class-B power amplifier. However, the maximum theoretical efficiency is limited to that of the class-B power amplifier. In this paper, an enhanced mode of operation for the class-J power amplifier is proposed by incorporating a third harmonic voltage component to produce an optimum waveform for maximizing the fundamental voltage component and thereby to increase the drain efficiency and introduce a new design space. A detailed derivation for the necessary relations of output power, drain efficiency, and the required harmonic load impedances is provided, showing a significant improvement in theoretical maximum efficiency from 78.5 to 89.8%. In order to confirm the developed analytic approach, a 10 W prototype amplifier model was designed and fabricated to operate within the global system for mobile communications (GSM) frequency band 850–950 MHz using a commercial GaN power high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The experimental results have indicated that the drain efficiency of the circuit varies from 68 to 80% within the desired band.
Phase noise performance stabilization of PLL system under dynamic vibration condition for airborne applications
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Sivakumar R. , Jayasheela C. S. , Sarkar Mahadev , Singh Shailendra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to disclose improved crystal based frequency source system covering design techniques and experimental methodologies for the stabilization of phase noise performance of X-band phase-locked loop (PLL) at 10.6 GHz. Phase noise performance of PLL-based unit under test (UUT) is prone to disturbance occurred in random vibration profile frequency spectrum. UUT self-resonance plays vital role in occurrence of disturbance in random vibration profile. The stabilization of phase noise performance during dynamic (random) vibration condition is achieved by following methodologies, i.e. vibration-isolator compensation techniques, purification tactic for reference crystal of PLL, and spatial location analysis for finding out mounting position of reference crystal. Spatial analysis helps to filter out UUT self-resonance frequency from random vibration spectrum which leads to reduction of frequency resonance pickups during random vibration testing.
Postprandial glycemia and insulin secretion following glutamine administration: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mansour Asieh , Mohajeri-Tehrani Mohammad Reza , Qorbani Mostafa , Ghamari Mahsa , Larijani Bagher , Hosseini Saeed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Objective: The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of glutamine administration on postprandial glycemia, insulin, and C-peptide concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes so that 33 subjects were recruited in each group. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either 30 g/d glutamine or placebo (with instructions to take in half glass of ice-cold water 5 to 10 min before each main meal) for 6 weeks. Postprandial C-peptide, insulin, and glucose were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study at 30 and 90 min after consuming a meal comprising wheat-cake and reduced fat milk. Results: The repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant difference between the groups for glucose and insulin after 6 weeks of intervention ( p > 0.05). However, C-peptide was reduced in both intervention groups at all measurement points. Between-group differences remained significant by the end of the study ( p = 0.02). Conclusions: Glutamine supplementation before each main meal does not represent an effective nutritional strategy to improve postprandial glycemic control or postprandial insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients.
Poor Acceptance of the Past is Related to Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults
Authors: Cetinkol Gozde , Bastug Gulbahar , Ozel Kizil E. Tugba 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Depression in older adults can be explained by Erikson’s theory on the conflict of ego integrity versus hopelessness. The study investigated the relationship between past acceptance, hopelessness, death anxiety, and depressive symptoms in 100 older (≥50 years) adults. The total Beck Hopelessness (BHS), Geriatric Depression (GDS), and Accepting the Past (ACPAST) subscale scores of the depressed group were higher, while the total Death Anxiety (DAS) and Reminiscing the Past (REM) subscale scores of both groups were similar. A regression analysis revealed that the BHS, DAS, and ACPAST predicted the GDS. Past acceptance seems to be important for ego integrity in older adults.
The Deflection of Coronal Mass Ejections by the Ambient Coronal Magnetic Field Configuration
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Hoeksema J. Todd , Liu Siqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSolar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are sometimes deflected during their propagation. This deflection may be the consequence of an interaction between the CME and the ambient coronal field, for example, a coronal hole, or the solar wind. The coronal magnetic field configuration is computed from daily synoptic maps of magnetic field from SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI using a Potential Field Source Surface model. We analyze 30 halo‐CMEs whose deflection angle exceeds 90° by comparing the ambient magnetic field configuration and the measurement position angles of the CMEs. We find that the deflection of 87% of the CMEs (26 of 30) is consistent with the ambient magnetic field configuration, agreeing with previous studies. Of these 26, 69% are deflected toward the heliospheric current sheet, the boundary between the magnetic field polarities, and 31% toward a pseudo‐streamer, the boundary between same‐polarity magnetic field regions. This implies that the ambient coronal magnetic field configuration plays an important role in the deflection of CMEs and that the current sheet configuration is more important than a pseudo‐streamer. Of the 26 CMEs, the average and standard deviation of the minimum values of the deflection angle in three dimensions relative to an initially radial trajectory are 28° and 14°, respectively.
Improved Near‐Surface Continental Climate in IPSL‐CM6A‐LR by Combined Evolutions of Atmospheric and Land Surface Physics
Authors: Cheruy Frédérique , Ducharne Agnès , Hourdin Frédéric , Musat Ionela , Vignon Étienne , Gastineau Guillaume , Bastrikov Vladislav , Vuichard Nicolas , Diallo Binta , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Ghattas Josefine , Grandpeix Jean‐Yves , Idelkadi Abderrahmane , Mellul Lidia , Maignan Fabienne , Ménégoz Martin , Ottlé Catherine , Peylin Philippe , Servonnat Jérôme , Wang Fuxing , Zhao Yanfeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work is motivated by the identification of the land‐atmosphere interactions as one of the key sources of uncertainty in climate change simulations. It documents new developments in related processes, namely, boundary layer/convection/clouds parameterizations and land surface parameterization in the Earth System Model of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL). Simulations forced by prescribed oceanic conditions are produced with different combinations of atmospheric and land surface parameterizations. They are used to explore the sensitivity to the atmospheric physics and/or soil physics of

major biases in the near surface variables over continents,
the energy and moisture coupling established at the soil/atmosphere interface in not too wet (energy limited) and not too dry (moisture limited) soil moisture regions also known as transition or “hot‐spot” regions,
the river runoff at the outlet of major rivers.
The package implemented in the IPSL‐Climate Model for the Phase 6 of the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) allows us to reduce several biases in the surface albedo, the snow cover, and the continental surface air temperature in summer as well as in the temperature profile in the surface layer of the polar regions. The interactions between soil moisture and atmosphere in hotspot regions are in better agreement with the observations. Rainfall is also significantly improved in volume and seasonality in several major river basins leading to an overall improvement in river discharge. However, the lack of consideration of floodplains and human influences in the model, for example, dams and irrigation, impacts the realism of simulated discharge.
A Deep Learning‐Based Approach for Modeling the Dynamics of AMPERE Birkeland Currents
Authors: Kunduri B. S. R. , Maimaiti M. , Baker J. B. H. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Anderson B. J. , Vines S. K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe existence of Birkeland magnetic field‐aligned current (FAC) system was proposed more than a century ago, and it has been of immense interest for investigating the nature of solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling ever since. In this paper, we present the first application of deep learning architecture for modeling the Birkeland currents using data from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE). The model uses a 1‐hr time history of several different parameters such as interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), solar wind, and geomagnetic and solar indices as inputs to determine the global distribution of Birkeland currents in the Northern Hemisphere. We present a comparison between our model and bin‐averaged statistical patterns under steady IMF conditions and also when the IMF is variable. Our deep learning model shows good agreement with the bin‐averaged patterns, capturing several prominent large‐scale features such as the Regions 1 and 2 FACs, the NBZ current system, and the cusp currents along with their seasonal variations. However, when IMF and solar wind conditions are not stable, our model provides a more accurate view of the time‐dependent evolution of Birkeland currents. The reconfiguration of the FACs following an abrupt change in IMF orientation can be traced in its details. The magnitude of FACs is found to evolve with e‐folding times that vary with season and MLT. When IMF Bz turns southward after a prolonged northward orientation, NBZ currents decay exponentially with an e‐folding time of ∼25 min, whereas Region 1 currents grow with an e‐folding time of 6–20 min depending on the MLT.
Hydraulic Transport Through Calcite Bearing Faults With Customized Roughness: Effects of Normal and Shear Loading
Authors: Acosta Mateo , Maye Robin , Violay Marie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding fluid flow in rough fractures is of high importance to large scale geologic processes and to most anthropogenic geo‐energy activities. Here we conducted fluid transport experiments on Carrara marble fractures with a novel customized surface topography. Transmissivity measurements were conducted under mechanical loading conditions representative of deep geothermal reservoirs (normal stresses from 20 to 70 MPa and shear stresses from 0 to 30 MPa). A numerical procedure simulating normal contact and fluid flow through fractures with complex geometries was validated toward experiments. Using it, we isolated the effects of roughness parameters on fracture fluid flow. Under normal loading, we find that (i) the transmissivity decreases with normal loading and is strongly dependent on fault surface geometry and (ii) the standard deviation of heights (hRMS) and macroscopic wavelength of the surface asperities control fracture transmissivity. Transmissivity evolution is nonmonotonic, with more than 4 orders of magnitude difference for small variations of macroscopic wavelength and hRMS roughness. Reversible elastic shear loading has little effect on transmissivity; it can increase or decrease depending on contact geometry and overall stress state on the fault. Irreversible shear displacement (up to 1 mm offset) slightly decreases transmissivity and its variation with irreversible shear displacements can be predicted numerically and geometrically at low normal stress only. Finally, irreversible changes in surface roughness (plasticity and wear) due to shear displacement result in a permanent decrease of transmissivity when decreasing differential stress. Generally, reduction of a carbonate fault's effective stress increases its transmissivity while inducing small shear displacements does not.
The myth of pulmonary metastasectomy
Authors: Macbeth Fergus , Fallowfield Lesley 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPulmonary metastasectomy is widely and increasingly practiced in the belief that this intervention can cure patients with colorectal cancer, and that without it few survive 5 years. No good evidence exists supporting such convictions, indeed recent trial results challenge them. What evidence underpins this acceptance of illusory truths or misconceptions?
Integrated clinico-molecular profiling of appendiceal adenocarcinoma reveals a unique grade-driven entity distinct from colorectal cancer
Authors: Raghav Kanwal , Shen John P. , Jácome Alexandre A. , Guerra Jennifer L. , Scally Christopher P. , Taggart Melissa W. , Foo Wai C. , Matamoros Aurelio , Shaw Kenna R. , Fournier Keith , Overman Michael J. , Eng Cathy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAppendiceal adenocarcinoma (AA) is an orphan disease with unique clinical attributes but often treated as colorectal cancer (CRC). Understanding key molecular differences between AA and CRC is critical.MethodsWe performed retrospective analyses of AA patients (N = 266) with tumour and/or blood next-generation sequencing (NGS) (2013–2018) with in-depth clinicopathological annotation. Overall survival (OS) was examined. For comparison, CRC cohorts annotated for sidedness, consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) and mutations (N = 3283) were used.ResultsBlood-NGS identified lessRAS/GNASmutations compared to tissue-NGS (4.2% vs. 60.9%,P < 0.0001) and showed poor concordance with tissue for well-/moderately differentiated tumours.RAS(56.2%),GNAS(28.1%) andTP53(26.9%) were most frequent mutations. Well/moderately differentiated tumours harboured moreRAS(69.2%/64.0% vs. 40.5%) andGNAS(48.7%/32.0% vs. 10.1%) while moderate/poorly differentiated tumours had moreTP53(26.0%/27.8% vs. 7.7%) mutations. Appendiceal adenocarcinoma (compared to CRC) harboured significantly fewerAPC(9.1% vs. 55.4%) andTP53(26.9% vs. 67.5%) and moreGNASmutations (28.1% vs. 2.0%) (P < 0.0001). Appendiceal adenocarcinoma mutation profile did not resemble either right-sided CRC or any of the four CMS in CRC. High grade, but no mutation, was independently predictive of survival.ConclusionIntegrated clinico-molecular profiling of AA identified key molecular drivers distinct from CRC. Appendiceal adenocarcinoma has a predominantly grade-driven biology that trumps mutations.
Circ-GLI1 promotes metastasis in melanoma through interacting with p70S6K2 to activate Hedgehog/GLI1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and upregulate Cyr61
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhou Xiaobo , Yang Jie , Sun Qilin , Liu Yang , Li Ningli , Zhang Zhen , Xu Hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging regulators in the development of human cancers. However, the role of circRNAs in melanoma is poorly understood. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR was applied to screen out circRNAs that were differentially expressed in melanoma cells compared to normal cells. Currently, we first proved that inhibition of CYR61, an angiogenesis factor with controversial functions in melanoma, restrained cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis in melanoma. Thereafter, a novel circRNA hsa_circ_0027247 derived from GLI1 (circ-GLI1) was identified to positively modulate CYR61 expression in melanoma cell lines. Besides, silencing circ-GLI1 hindered melanoma cell metastasis as well. Interestingly, we unveiled that circ-GLI1 enhanced CYR61 transcription by an indirect manner. Meanwhile, circ-GLI1 activated Hedgehog/GLI1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways by affecting the degradation of GLI1 and β-catenin. Moreover, we found that circ-GLI1 interacted with p70S6K2 to induce GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9, and therefore blocked the binding of GSK3β with GLI1 and β-catenin so as to elevate their protein expression. Of note, CYR61 was transcriptionally activated by MYC, a well-recognized downstream target of both GLI1 and β-catenin. In conclusion, circ-GLI1 exacerbates the metastasis and angiogenesis of melanoma by upregulating Cyr61 via p70S6K2-dependent activation of Hedgehog/GLI1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
Alpha-lipoic acid protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure via ALDH2-dependent Nrf1-FUNDC1 signaling
Authors: Li Wenjia , Yin Lei , Sun Xiaolei , Wu Jian , Dong Zhen , Hu Kai , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), a well-known antioxidant, was proved to active ALDH2 in nitrate tolerance and diabetic animal model. However, the therapeutic advantage of α-LA for heart failure and related signaling pathway have not been explored. This study was designed to examine the role of α-LA–ALDH2 in heart failure injury and mitochondrial damage. ALDH2 knockout (ALDH2−/−) mice and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were subjected to assessment of myocardial function and mitochondrial autophagy. Our data demonstrated α-LA significantly reduced the degree of TAC-induced LV hypertrophy and dysfunction in wild-type mice, not in ALDH2−/− mice. In molecular level, α-LA significantly restored ALDH2 activity and expression as well as increased the expression of a novel mitophagy receptor protein FUNDC1 in wild-type TAC mice. Besides, we confirmed that ALDH2 which was activated by α-LA governed the activation of Nrf1–FUNDC1 cascade. Our data suggest that α-LA played a positive role in protecting the heart against adverse effects of chronic pressure overload.