bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects and therapeutic mechanism of Yinzhihuang on steatohepatitis in rats induced by a high‐fat, high‐cholesterol diet
Authors: Zeng Jing , Liu Xiao Lin , Xin Feng Zhi , Zhao Ze Hua , Shao You Lin , Yang Rui Xu , Pan Qin , Fan Jian Gao 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Yinzhihuang (YZH) liquid, a traditional Chinese medicine mainly composed of extracts of four components, on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high‐fat, high‐cholesterol diet (HFHCD) in rats.MethodsAltogether 30 Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: control, the model group (HFHCD + saline) and the treatment group (HFHCD + YZH). Liver histological features and serum biochemical parameters were assessed by the end of the 16th week. RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry detection were performed. The genes and proteins expressed differentially were subjected to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and included in a network‐based regulatory model.ResultsThe weight, liver and fat indices and serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and total cholesterol levels of the HFHCD + YZH group were all significantly lower than those of the HFHCD + saline group. Moreover, their hepatic steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation were relieved, and 64 hepatic genes and 73 hepatic proteins were found to be reversed in their expression patterns after YZH treatment (P < 0.05). The network‐based regulatory model showed that these deregulated genes and proteins were mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, Toll‐like receptor, nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor signaling, nuclear factor‐kappa B tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways and fatty acid metabolism.ConclusionYZH could alleviate NASH in HFHCD‐fed rats by inhibiting lipogenesis, accelerating lipid β‐oxidation, alleviating oxidative stress and relieving necroinflammation in the liver.
Impact of Physician‐staffed Helicopters on Pre‐hospital Patient Outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Risgaard Bjarke , Draegert Christina , Baekgaard Josefine S. , Steinmetz Jacob , Rasmussen Lars S. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundManagement of pre‐hospital patients remains a challenge. In developed countries a physician‐staffed helicopter emergency medical service (PS‐HEMS) is used in addition to ground emergency medical service (GEMS), but the effect is debated. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of PS‐HEMS compared with GEMS on patient outcomes based on the published scientific literature.MethodsMedline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched on November 15, 2019 for prospective, interventional studies comparing outcomes of patients transported by either PS‐HEMS or GEMS. Outcomes of interest were mortality, time to hospital and quality of life.ResultsThe majority of 18 studies included were observational and difficult to summarize because of heterogeneity. Meta‐analysis could not be carried out. Three studies found reduced mortality in patients transported by PS‐HEMS compared with GEMS with Odds ratios (OR) of 0.68 (0.47‐0.98); 0.29 (0.10‐0.82) and 0.21 (0.06‐0.73) respectively. Another two studies found improved survival with OR 1.2 (1.0‐1.5) and 6.9 (1.48‐32.5) in patients transported by PS‐HEMS compared with GEMS. In three studies, PS‐HEMS was associated with shorter time to hospital. Three studies reported quality of life and found no benefit of PS‐HEMS.ConclusionIn this systematic review the studies comparing PS‐HEMS with GEMS were difficult to summarize because of heterogeneity. We found a possible survival benefit of PS‐HEMS but were unable to conduct a meta‐analysis. The overall quality of evidence was low.
Oxycodone for pain management in the latent phase of labour – A pragmatic trial
Authors: Kinnunen Mari , Kokki Hannu , Hautajärvi Heidi , Tuovinen Kaisa , Kokki Merja 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundParenteral opioids are used for pain relief in labour but there are little data for oxycodone in this context. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, foetal exposure and safety of subcutaneous oxycodone in the latent phase of labour.MethodsThis pragmatic trial included 76 parturients, who received subcutaneous oxycodone for pain relief in the latent phase of labour according to the hospital protocol: an initial dose 0.1 mg/kg, and a second dose, 0.05 mg/kg, could be administered four hours later. Pain intensity and pain relief were assessed using a numerical rating scale of 0‐10. After delivery, blood samples from the maternal and umbilical veins were collected, and plasma concentrations of oxycodone and its main metabolites were quantified using UPLC‐MS/MS. The Apgar scores and maternal and neonatal adverse effects were recorded.ResultsThe foetal exposure at birth was low, the median oxycodone and oxymorphone umbilical vein plasma concentrations were 1.2 ng/mL (range 0.21‐7.8) and 0.14 ng/mL (0‐0.26), respectively. Pain scores decreased substantially, from a median pain score of 7/10 before oxycodone to median scores of 5/10 at 30 minutes after administration, 5/10 at 60 minutes and 6/10 at 120 minutes. The median Apgar score was 9 (range 2‐10) at 1 minute and 9 (6‐10) at 5 minutes. Maternal adverse effects were mild, and there were no oxycodone‐related neonatal adverse effects.ConclusionSubcutaneous oxycodone provided effective analgesia during the latent phase of labour. Newborn exposure at birth was low, and oxycodone was well‐tolerated.
Predictors of Medication Utilization for Opioid Use Disorder Among Medicaid‐Insured HIV Patients in New York
Authors: Choi Sugy , Yerneni Rajeev , Healy Shannon , Goyal Mona , Neighbors Charles J. 
Published: January 2020

Background and ObjectivesThis paper investigates the prevalence and predictors for opioid use disorder (OUD) pharmacotherapy utilization for Medicaid‐insured patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in New York.MethodsWe identified patients with HIV and OUD in 2014 in the New York State Medicaid claims data (n = 5621). The claims were used to identify individual client medication for addiction treatment (MAT) utilization, demographic information, and other medical and psychiatric health conditions. The logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the potential predictors of MAT service utilization among people with HIV and OUD.ResultsOf 5621 identified patients with HIV and OUD, 3647 (65%) received some type of MAT. Eighty‐seven percent of treated patients received methadone while 10% received buprenorphine and 3% utilized both the therapies.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceA substantial number of patients with HIV and OUD did not receive MAT. Findings suggest that there are opportunities to improve OUD care for patients with HIV and OUD, particularly among the younger generation, blacks, individuals living outside of New York City, and among those with serious psychiatric conditions. This initial study suggests that an additional research is needed to better understand how the gap in care affects this population. (Am J Addict 2020;29:151–154)
Carbon accumulation in a bare fallow Chernozem soil with high carbon input rates
Authors: Franko Uwe , Schulz Elke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA multitude of models for soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics are available to predict management impacts on SOC dynamics in its interaction with environmental factors. Most models include one SOC pool that has no or a very slow, negligible turnover. For this pool of long‐term stabilized (LTS) organic matter, we assumed a dynamic physical protection, whereby organic matter is protected in micropores and exposed to microbial access due to soil structure dynamics. Dynamics of the LTS pool is of special interest because of its very long turnover time. Therefore, it is of special importance whether the size of this pool is unlimited or if it reaches a saturation state. We investigated this topic by applying the CCB (CANDY Carbon Balance) model on a dataset from a long‐term experiment that started in 1983 in Bad Lauchstädt, Germany on a Haplic Chernozem and includes bare fallow treatments with the application of farmyard manure at different rates from 5 to 20 kg m−2 year−1. Observations of SOC development over time supported our hypothesis about the existence of a saturation effect and were used to calibrate the CCB model with the hypothetical assumption of a limited LTS pool size. The model results suggest an upper limit of the LTS pool of 1.07 M% (percent of dry soil mass) SOC for the Bad Lauchstädt site. Furthermore, model calibration of LTS turnover revealed that organic matter in this pool is released from its protected state at a very low rate of 0.003 year−1.Highlights
Long‐term bare fallow field experiment with FYM input rates up to 20 kg m−2
Predicted long‐term SOC dynamics reflect observations
Proof of non‐linear relationship between SOC storage and carbon input rate
Evidence for limited protection capacity for SOC (saturation effect)
Crystallization and phase transition of tobermorite synthesized by hydrothermal reaction from dicalcium silicate
Authors: Wu Yan , Pan Xiaolin , Li Qiwei , Yu Haiyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, tobermorite was hydrothermally synthesized from the dicalcium silicate (C2S) in sodium silicate solution, and the crystallization and phase transition process were investigated in detail using XRD, Raman spectra, and SEM. The tobermorite is difficult to synthesize when the temperature is lower than 160°C because it gets converted into xonotlite (without Na2O) or pectolite (with Na2O) when the temperature is higher than 180°C. The crystallization process of tobermorite shows “S” trend with the increase in time, which can be divided into three stages: the nucleation stage, rapid crystal growth stage, and perfect crystal forming stage. During the crystallization, 90% of the crystallization of tobermorite is completed in the stage of rapid crystal growth. Raman spectra and SEM analysis show that with the increase in hydrothermal time, the C2S of monomer (Q0) is first converted into the calcium silicate hydrate of sheet (Q2 and Q3), and then continues to convert into tobermorite of chain (Q2).
Metabolomics reveals metabolite changes of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in China
Authors: Chen Chenyang , Luo Fei , Wu Panyun , Huang Yiyuan , Das Avash , Chen Shenglan , Chen Jingyuan , Hu Xinqun , Li Fei , Fang Zhenfei , Zhou Shenhua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe specific mechanism of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains elusive. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of PAH through the identity of novel biomarkers for PAH using metabolomics approach. Serum samples from 40 patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH), 20 patients with congenital heart disease‐associated PAH (CHD‐PAH) and 20 healthy controls were collected and analysed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC‐HRMS). Orthogonal partial least square‐discriminate analysis (OPLS‐DA) was applied to screen potential biomarkers. These results were validated in monocrotaline (MCT)‐induced PAH rat model. The OPLS‐DA model was successful in screening distinct metabolite signatures which distinguished IPAH and CHD‐PAH patients from healthy controls, respectively (26 and 15 metabolites). Unbiased analysis from OPLS‐DA identified 31 metabolites from PAH patients which were differentially regulated compared to the healthy controls. Our analysis showed dysregulation of the different metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism and phospholipid metabolism pathways in PAH patients compared to their healthy counterpart. Among these metabolites from dysregulated metabolic pathways, a panel of metabolites from lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation (lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, perillic acid, palmitoleic acid, N‐acetylcholine‐d‐sphingomyelin, oleic acid, palmitic acid and 2‐Octenoylcarnitine metabolites) were found to have a close association with PAH. The results from the analysis of both real‐time quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that expression of LDHA, CD36, FASN, PDK1 GLUT1 and CPT‐1 in right heart/lung were significantly up‐regulated in MCT group than the control group.
Behavior of Parents Seeking Care From Emergency Services Due to Fever in Children
Authors: Villarejo‐Rodríguez María Gloria , Rodríguez‐Martín Beatriz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore the behavior of parents, with and without health training, seeking care from emergency services due to their child’s fever.Design and SettingA qualitative study based on Grounded Theory using a triangulated sample (theoretical sampling and snowball sampling) of parents of children 0 to 12 years old who received care for fever in the emergency primary care services of two Spanish municipalities.MethodsData saturation was achieved after eight focus groups segmented by gender, place of residence, and education (57 participants). Data analysis followed the constant comparative method and coding process.FindingsThe parents attended the emergency department when fever was high or persistent and to determine the cause. The reasons for avoiding the emergency department differed; whereas the health professional parents avoided consulting other colleagues as they felt questioned, for parents who were not healthcare professionals, there was a fear of acquiring an infection.ConclusionsParents’ search for healthcare differs according to their background and education.Clinical RelevanceThese results provide key information for the design of care plans to improve health care and patient satisfaction.
Partner Incarceration and Women's Substance Use
Authors: Bruns Angela , Lee Hedwig 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines whether the incarceration of women's partners is associated with their own drug, alcohol, and cigarette use.BackgroundPartners of incarcerated men face a number of stressors, including deteriorating relationships and economic instability. These stressors may lead women to engage in coping strategies that can negatively impact health.MethodsData come from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,733), a cohort study of mostly low‐income mothers in 20 large U.S. cities. Using lagged dependent variable models and propensity score matching, the authors estimate women's alcohol, drug, and cigarette use as a function of partner incarceration. The authors also examine mediators (relationship instability, economic instability, and diminished mental health) and moderators (race/ethnicity, residential status) of these associations.ResultsPartner incarceration was significantly associated with drug use only, and this association was concentrated among Black women. There was no evidence that this association operated through the studied mediators.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the social contexts in which Black women live can make those who experience partner incarceration particularly vulnerable to drug use. Although the findings leave questions regarding the pathways through which partner incarceration is linked to drug use, they suggest that incarceration compounds the disadvantages Black women already face in a social system that stratifies access to social goods based on skin color and ethnic origin, which may contribute to health disparities more broadly.
Which generative reproduction characteristics determine successful establishment of the subalpine shrub Pinus mugo?
Authors: Šenfeldr Martin , Treml Václav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuestionsShrub expansion in arctic, alpine and subalpine areas has been occurring recently due to warming, land abandonment and increasing nitrogen deposition. However, shrub expansion is strongly affected by largely unknown site‐specific regeneration patterns. We evaluated the importance of seed production, suitable microsite availability and seedling survival for seedling establishment of the subalpine conifer shrub Pinus mugo.LocationHrubý Jeseník Mts., Czech Republic (50° N, 17° E).MethodsWe collected data on: (a) seed quantity and quality; (b) seedling microsite preferences; and (c) seedling survival during initial ontogenetic stages. From 2006 to 2016 we assessed cone production annually and tested seed viability every second year. Microsite preferences were analyzed for 650 seedlings at six sites. The following microsite characteristics were recorded for 1‐m2 around each seedling: percentage of bare surface; surrounding plant species cover; surface shape; and organic horizon thickness. Additionally, distance and direction to the nearest adult pine were recorded. Finally, we tested survival of 200 newly established seedlings in relation to microsite type.ResultsSeed source and viability were not critical factors for seedling establishment. Far more important was the presence of suitable bare‐surface microhabitats with thin or no organic layer near mature pine stands. Vegetation communities dominated by Avenella flexuosa and Nardus stricta facilitated seedling establishment; communities dominated by Vaccinium myrtillus showed strong competitive effects on seedlings. Vegetation's effect on seedling establishment was closely related to disturbance regime, which influences vegetation type. Seedling mortality was highest in the first year of life irrespective of microsite vegetation type. Highest mortality was associated with open mineral‐soil microsites, while microsites with dense herbaceous vegetation showed the lowest.ConclusionsPotential Pinus mugo expansion will occur in close proximity to existing mature stands, and its intensity will be strongly modified by site‐specific density of suitable microsites and/or dominant species of host communities.
A bifunctional salvage pathway for two distinct S‐adenosylmethionine by‐products that is widespread in bacteria, including pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: North Justin A. , Wildenthal John A. , Erb Tobias J. , Evans Bradley S. , Byerly Kathryn M. , Gerlt John A. , Tabita Fred R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractS‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) is a necessary cosubstrate for numerous essential enzymatic reactions including protein and nucleotide methylations, secondary metabolite synthesis and radical‐mediated processes. Radical SAM enzymes produce 5ʹ‐deoxyadenosine, and SAM‐dependent enzymes for polyamine, neurotransmitter and quorum sensing compound synthesis produce 5ʹ‐methylthioadenosine as by‐products. Both are inhibitory and must be addressed by all cells. This work establishes a bifunctional oxygen‐independent salvage pathway for 5ʹ‐deoxyadenosine and 5ʹ‐methylthioadenosine in both Rhodospirillum rubrum and Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Homologous genes for this pathway are widespread in bacteria, notably pathogenic strains within several families. A phosphorylase (Rhodospirillum rubrum) or separate nucleoside and kinase (Escherichia coli) followed by an isomerase and aldolase sequentially function to salvage these two wasteful and inhibitory compounds into adenine, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and acetaldehyde or (2‐methylthio)acetaldehyde during both aerobic and anaerobic growth. Both SAM by‐products are metabolized with equal affinity during aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions, suggesting that the dual‐purpose salvage pathway plays a central role in numerous environments, notably the human body during infection. Our newly discovered bifunctional oxygen‐independent pathway, widespread in bacteria, salvages at least two by‐products of SAM‐dependent enzymes for carbon and sulfur salvage, contributing to cell growth.
The effect of peer counseling on breastfeeding behavior of primiparous mothers: A randomized controlled field trial
Authors: Azimi Nasimeh , Nasiri Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of peer counseling on breastfeeding behavior of primiparous mothers.Design and SampleA randomized controlled field trial was conducted with 80 mother—child pairs, who referred to health centers in 2018. The samples were recruited via convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups.MeasurementsWorld Health Organization B‐R‐E‐A‐S‐T‐Feed Observation form was used at baseline, immediately, 1, 2, and 3 months after the intervention.InterventionThe experimental group received support during the first 3 months after childbirth from 10 peers with successful breastfeeding experiences and similar characteristics to those of the participants, while the controls benefited from the routine education provided by their health centers.ResultsBaseline breastfeeding behavior mean scores were not different in the two groups (p > .05). Mean score changes after the intervention were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at different time points, including immediately after the intervention (p < .001), 1 month (p < .001), 2 months (p < .001), and 3 months after the intervention (p < .001).ConclusionUse of peer counseling program to correct the breastfeeding behaviors of primiparous mothers can improve their performance of breastfeeding techniques.
Preoperative prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative delirium in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery
Authors: Xing Hailin , Xiang Dong , Li Yunxiang , Ji Xiaoli , Xie Guozhu 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPostoperative delirium (POD) is a very common complication in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery, which has poorly understood pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate potential risk factors for POD.MethodsElderly patients (aged ≥65 years) scheduled to undergo selective surgery in our hospital were consecutively recruited. Patient characteristics, preoperative laboratory tests and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) levels were compared between patients with or without POD. The risk factors for POD were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of PNI and age for POD.ResultsFifty‐seven of the 163 enrolled patient had suffered POD within postoperative day 7 with an incidence of 35.0%. Multivariate logistic analyses revealed that an advanced age (cut‐off value: 71.5 years, sensitivity: 48.1%, specificity: 75.4%, odds ratio (OR): 3.24, 95% CI: 1.16–8.69, P = 0.026) and lower PNI level (cut‐off value: 47.45, sensitivity: 86.0%, specificity: 51.9%, OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.25–6.64, P = 0.012) were two independent predictive factors associated with POD. According to the ROC curve analysis, preoperative PNI level was a predictor for POD with an area under the curve of 0.686 (95% CI: 0.604–0.767, P < 0.001).ConclusionsAdvanced age and lower preoperative PNI level were significantly associated with POD in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery.