bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Coatings for Food Contact Surfaces: Legal Framework, Mechanical Properties, and Potential Applications
Authors: Torres Dominguez Eduardo , Nguyen Phong H. , Hunt Heather K. , Mustapha Azlin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFood contact surfaces (FCS) in food processing facilities may become contaminated with a number of unwanted microorganisms, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus. To reduce contamination and the spread of disease, these surfaces may be treated with sanitizers or have active antimicrobial components adhered to them. Although significant efforts have been devoted to the development of coatings that improve the antimicrobial effectiveness of FCS, other important coating considerations, such as hardness, adhesion to a substrate, and migration of the antimicrobial substance into the food matrix, have largely been disregarded to the detriment of their translation into practical application. To address this gap, this review examines the mechanical properties of antimicrobial coatings (AMC) applied to FCS and their interplay with their antimicrobial properties within the framework of relevant regulatory constraints that would apply if these were used in real‐world applications. This review also explores the various assessment techniques for examining these properties, the effects of the deposition methods on coating properties, and the potential applications of such coatings for FCS. Overall, this review attempts to provide a holistic perspective. Evaluation of the current literature urges a compromise between antimicrobial effectiveness and mechanical stability in order to adhere to various regulatory frameworks as the next step toward improving the industrial feasibility of AMC for FCS applications.
Exceptionally rapid response to pembrolizumab in a SMARCA4‐deficient thoracic sarcoma overexpressing PD‐L1: A case report
Authors: Takada Kohichi , Sugita Shintaro , Murase Kazuyuki , Kikuchi Tomoki , Oomori Ginji , Ito Ryo , Hayasaka Naotaka , Miyanishi Koji , Iyama Satoshi , Ikeda Hiroshi , Kobune Masayoshi , Emori Makoto , Kato Junji , Hasegawa Tadashi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSMARCA4‐deficient thoracic sarcoma (SMARCA4‐DTS) is a new clinical entity characterized by SMARCA4 inactivation and has a dismal prognosis because of rapid growth. Effective treatments for SMARCA4‐DTS have not yet been developed. Most recently, anti‐programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD‐1) blockade has been effective for SMARCA4‐deficient lung cancer and malignant rhabdoid tumor‐like tumors. Here, we describe a patient with SMARCA4‐DTC who experienced a marked response to the administration of pembrolizumab. A 70‐year‐old female was referred to our department for treatment of SMARCA4‐DTC. Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography had revealed a left mediastinal tumor, peritoneal dissemination and multiple cutaneous metastases at diagnosis. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed 60% of tumor cells expressed programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). The patient was given pembrolizumab as first‐line treatment. Pembrolizumab suppressed tumor growth dramatically, with only one dose leading to a partial response. Our case suggests the immunohistochemical analysis of PD‐L1 expression be undertaken for patients with SMARCA4‐DTS and that pembrolizumab treatment may be a promising strategy for PD‐L1‐positive SMARCA4‐DTS.
Phenological growth stages in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) according to the extended BBCH scale
Authors: Awachare Chandrakant M. , Upreti Kaushal K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is an important fruit grown throughout South‐East Asia and is often considered as one of the best‐flavoured fruits in the world, owing to its juicy and delicate flesh and appealing taste and flavour. In spite of high nutraceutical and ethno botanical value, phenology is an often‐overlooked aspect of mangosteen ecology. In the present study, the codes and descriptions of the phenological stages of mangosteen as given in the extended Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie scale (the BBCH scale) were elaborated using a three‐digit system of notation. A total of seven primary growth stages, namely bud development (Stage 1), leaf development (Stage 3), shoot development (Stage 5), reproductive development (Stage 6), flowering (Stage 7), fruit development (Stage 8) and fruit maturation (Stage 9), are described and illustrated. In addition, 36 secondary growth stages have also been defined and described. The duration of each principal and secondary growth stage was measured in days and quantified in thermal accumulation/growing degree‐days. The significance of the primary growth stages for orchard management and crop improvement, in monitoring plant growth and development (especially in the light of the impacts of climate change), and in assessing fruit yield and quality is explained. Moreover, the extended BBCH scale will be a useful tool for characterisation of germplasm as well as to standardise the phenophases observed under different environmental conditions.
A response surface analysis of critical values for the lead‐lag ratio with application to high frequency and non‐synchronous financial data
Authors: O'Neill Michael , Rajaguru Gulasekaran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGranger causality tests are being supplanted by new methods such as the Lead‐Lag Ratio, particularly in finance where data arrives at random times and systematic sampling often produces spurious results. Existing approaches are insufficient; outside of block‐sampling using a bootstrap, the lead‐lag ratio has generally been assessed against a benchmark of 1 without regard for statistical significance. We use simulations to generate a response surface for the Lead‐Lag Ratio. Our modelled critical values are applied to reassess the findings of three previous studies of lead/lag relations between financial return series with high frequency data. Our response surface method proves to be a convenient and efficient alternative to using a bootstrap.
Successful management of a case of true radicular dens invaginatus using platelet‐rich fibrin and guided tissue regeneration
Authors: Mohan Aparna , Krishnan Unni , Akber Mohammed , Nair Mali G. , Balan Anita 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA radicular variant of dens invaginatus (DI) is a rare form of dens invaginatus which develops in the root of the tooth after the crown development is completed. This report involves successful management of a case with guided tissue regeneration and describes the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) characteristics of true radicularDI. A 20‐year‐old woman reported with recurrent swelling and pus discharge associated with her maxillary left central incisor (#21). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the region revealed #21 had an invagination in the mesial aspect of the coronal third of the root with a para radicular low‐density region perforating both the cortices. A diagnosis of true radicular variant ofDIwas made by exclusion. The case was managed with Biodentine®, platelet‐rich fibrin and freeze‐dried demineralised bone graft. A 2‐year review showed that the tooth was functional with normal periodontal parameters and normal response to electric pulp sensibility test.
E12 technique: Conventional epoxy resin sheet plastination
Authors: Latorre Rafael , de Jong Kees , Sora Mircea‐Constantin , López‐Albors Octavio , Baptista Carlos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEpoxy plastination techniques were developed to obtain thin transparent body slices with high anatomical detail. This is facilitated because the plastinated tissue is transparent and the topography of the anatomical structures well preserved. For this reason, thin epoxy slices are currently used for research purposes in both macroscopic and microscopic studies. The protocol for the conventional epoxy technique (E12) follows the main steps of plastination—specimen preparation, dehydration, impregnation and curing/casting. Preparation begins with selection of the specimen, followed by freezing and slicing. Either fresh or fixed (embalmed) tissue is suitable for epoxy plastination, while slice thickness is kept between 1.5 and 3 mm. Impregnation mixture is made of epoxy E12 resin plus E1 hardener (100 ppw; 28 ppw). This mixture is reactive and temperature sensitive, and for this reason, total impregnation time under vacuum at room laboratory temperature should not last for more than 20–24 hr. Casting of impregnated slices is done in either flat chambers or by the so‐called sandwich method in either fresh mixture or the one used for impregnation. Curing is completed at 40°C to allow a complete polymerization of the epoxy‐mixture. After curing, slices can be photographed, scanned or used for anatomical study under screen negatoscope, magnification glass or fluorescent microscope. Based on epoxy sheet plastination, many anatomical papers have recent observations of and/or clarification of anatomical concepts in different areas of medical expertice.
Current knowledge and practice of Australian and New Zealand health‐care professionals in sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment: Time to move forward!
Authors: Yeung Suey S. Y. , Reijnierse Esmee M. , Trappenburg Marijke C. , Meskers Carel G. M. , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the current knowledge and practice of sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment among health‐care professionals before, directly after and 6 months after a professional development event on sarcopenia.MethodsThis longitudinal study included Australian and New Zealand health‐care professionals who completed questionnaires on knowledge, practice and barriers regarding sarcopenia before, directly after and 6 months after attending a professional development event on sarcopenia.ResultsA total of 250 professionals participated; 84 completed the 6‐month questionnaires. Before, directly after and at 6 months, respectively, 14.7%, 93.4% and 59.5% identified sarcopenia as a disease; 2.0%, 79.6% and 38.1% correctly answered the sex‐specific cut‐offs for low handgrip strength. Respectively, 12.0% and 14.3% reported to make sarcopenia diagnoses as part of their practice before and at 6 months.ConclusionsKnowledge about sarcopenia is limited among health‐care professionals who attended a professional development event. Retention of knowledge remains a challenge to be addressed.
Anatomic resection and wide resection margin play an important role in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with peritumoural micrometastasis
Authors: Shi Changying , Zhao Qian , Liao Boyi , Dong Zhitao , Wang Can , Yang Jiamei , Shen Weifeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnatomic hepatectomy and wide resection margin may improve surgical outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not everyone gain survival benefit. It remains unclear what kind of patients would benefit from those surgical methods. We investigated the factors affecting survival of patients with HCC, with special attention paid to the surgical methods and pathological factors.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 231 patients with hepatitis B‐related HCC who underwent surgery from August 2011 to November 2013 in authors' institute. The survival analysis included the following variables: gender, age, viral load, alpha‐fetoprotein, des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin, tumour size, cirrhosis, blood transfusion, complications, resection method, resection margin, microvascular invasion (mVI), peritumoural satellite nodule, recurrence time and recurrent burden.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 59 months. A total of 196 patients (84.9%) recurred and 151 patients (65.4%) deceased due to the disease. Multivariate analysis showed that cirrhosis, mVI and periturmoral satellite nodules were independent risk factors affecting overall survival after operation. The comparison between anatomic resection and local resection, and wide resection margin and narrow resection margin showed no significant differences for recurrence‐free survival and overall survival, respectively (P = 0.089 and 0.068, 0.108 and 0.122). Stratified analysis revealed that anatomic resection and wide resection margin surgery improved survival when mVI or peritumoural satellite existed.ConclusionAnatomic resection and wide resection margin are effective methods to improve the surgical outcome of HCC with periturmoral micrometastasis, although tumour characteristics affect patients' survival more than surgical techniques.
Prostate‐specific membrane antigen for the surgical oncologist: interpreting expression beyond the prostate
Authors: Farag Matthew , Bolton Damien , Lawrentschuk Nathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe use of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radiotracer in positron emission tomography (PET) has been successfully incorporated into the clinical management of prostate cancer. However, PSMA tracer uptake is not limited to prostate cancer tissue. We reviewed studies exploring PSMA expression beyond the prostate gland using techniques of 68Ga‐PSMA PET imaging and immunohistochemistry. PSMA expression has been associated with a variety of solid tumours, and the vasculature associated with neoplastic disease, suggesting that this trans‐membrane glycoprotein may be involved in the neovascularisation process in malignancy. These studies demonstrate the need for more research into the potential utility for 68Ga‐PSMA PET imaging in patients with non‐prostatic cancers.
Cognitive functioning in a representative cohort of preschool children with febrile seizures
Authors: Billstedt Eva , Nilsson Gill , Leffler Lotta , Carlsson Lisa , Olsson Ingrid , Fernell Elisabeth , Gillberg Christopher 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo analyse cognitive functioning in 4‐5‐year‐old children who had experienced febrile seizures (FS) and to assess the importance of complex, recurrent and early vs late onset FS.MethodsThe sample consisted of 73 children, screen positive for FS, drawn from the general child population of 4‐year‐old children attending their health check‐up at child healthcare centres in Gothenburg, Sweden. They were assessed as regards general cognitive ability, visual memory and attention and were contrasted with age norms and with results obtained in 20 children without FS from the same healthcare centres.ResultsOf the 73 children, two had a previously diagnosed intellectual disability (ID) (one mild, one moderate) and two further children tested within the study had results corresponding to mild ID. Children with early onset of FS (before age 12 months)—who often had recurrent FS—had lower full‐scale, verbal and processing speed IQ than those who had later onset of FS.ConclusionChildren with early onset of FS and particularly those with recurrent FS may be at increased risk for poorer verbal and processing speed functioning and therefore at risk of developing cognitive, executive dysfunctions. They would probably benefit from neuropaediatric and neuropsychological follow‐up.
Human labour is associated with altered regulatory T cell function and maternal immune activation
Authors: Shah N M , Edey L F , Imami N , Johnson M R 
Published: October 2019

Summary
During human pregnancy, regulatory T cell (Treg) function is enhanced and immune activation is repressed allowing the growth and development of the feto–placental unit. Here, we have investigated whether human labour is associated with a reversal of the pregnancy-induced changes in the maternal immune system. We tested the hypothesis that human labour is associated with a decline in Treg function, specifically their ability to modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced immune responses. We studied the changes in cell number, activation status and functional behaviour of peripheral blood, myometrial (myoMC) and cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) with the onset of labour. We found that Treg function declines and that Treg cellular targets change with labour onset. The changes in Treg function were associated with increased activation of myoMC, assessed by their expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and CBMC inflammatory cells. The innate immune system showed increased activation, as shown by altered monocyte and neutrophil cell phenotypes, possibly to be ready to respond to microbial invasion after birth or to contribute to tissue remodelling. Our results highlight changes in the function of the adaptive and innate immune systems that may have important roles in the onset of human labour.
Serum immunoglobulin free light chain levels in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Gulli F , Napodano C , Marino M , Ciasca G , Pocino K , Basile V , Visentini M , Stefanile A , Todi L , De Spirito M , Rapaccini G L , Basile U 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Several reports have highlighted the abnormal increments of serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in the course of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), but a comparative analysis among different conditions is still lacking. A strong association between elevated FLC and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related mixed cryoglobulinaemia (HCVMC) has been well established. Here, we aimed to analyse serum FLC levels in patients with four different SARD in comparison with HCVMC. Using a turbidimetric assay, free κ and λ chains were quantified in sera from 198 SARD patients (37 rheumatoid arthritis, RA; 47 systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE; 52 anti-phospholipid syndrome, APS; 62 primary Sjogren's syndrome, pSS), 62 HCVMC and 50 healthy blood donors (HD). All patient groups showed increased κ levels when compared to HD: 33·5 ± 2·6 mg/l in HCVMC, 26·7 ± 2·3 mg/l in RA, 29·7 ± 1·9 mg/l in SLE, 23·8 ± 1·1 mg/l in APS, 24·2 ± 1·1 mg/l in pSS; 10·1 ± 0·6 mg/l in HD. Free λ levels displayed a significant increase only for HCVMC (20·4 ± 1·4 mg/l) and SLE (18·4 ± 1·0 mg/l) compared to HD (13·6 ± 0·9 mg/l). The increase of κ compared to λ takes into account a κ /λ ratio of 1·6 for all groups. Our results substantially analyse and strengthen the association between FLC and SARD focusing the questions regarding their role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of human diseases. Unfortunately, the biochemical differences distinguishing normal from pathological FLC have not been identified. Production of different isotypes is probably connected to still-unknown pathways.
Children learn words easier when they are interested in the category to which the word belongs
Authors: Ackermann Lena , Hepach Robert , Mani Nivedita 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe overall pattern of vocabulary development is relatively similar across children learning different languages. However, there are considerable differences in the words known to individual children. Historically, this variability has been explained in terms of differences in the input. Here, we examine the alternate possibility that children's individual interest in specific natural categories shapes the words they are likely to learn – a child who is more interested in animals will learn a new animal name easier relative to a new vehicle name. Two‐year‐old German‐learning children (N = 39) were exposed to four novel word–object associations for objects from four different categories. Prior to the word learning task, we measured their interest in the categories that the objects belonged to. Our measure was pupillary change following exposure to familiar objects from these four categories, with increased pupillary change interpreted as increased interest in that category. Children showed more robust learning of word–object associations from categories they were more interested in relative to categories they were less interested in. We further found that interest in the novel objects themselves influenced learning, with distinct influences of both category interest and object interest on learning. These results suggest that children's interest in different natural categories shapes their word learning. This provides evidence for the strikingly intuitive possibility that a child who is more interested in animals will learn novel animal names easier than a child who is more interested in vehicles.
Twenty years after the launch of Bologna Process—What is the status of harmonisation of dental education?
Authors: Kirnbauer Barbara , Ali Kamran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsHigher education in the European Union states has undergone a major reform towards harmonisation following the “Bologna Declaration.” The aim of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of the Bologna Process in Dental Education following its 20th anniversary and identify commonalities and differences in the way dental programmes are delivered in the EU.MethodsAccording to the aim of this study, an Internet search, based on the EU Manual published in 2015, was undertaken and included representative university/dental faculty websites from each EU member state. The search was focused on the type of the under‐ and postgraduate dental programmes (cycles), the awarded undergraduate degrees (bachelor, master, doctorate), duration of undergraduate study programmes, awarded ECTS credits and the necessity of mandatory postgraduate practical training. Results were collated, and descriptive statistical analysis was undertaken.ResultsThe search identified 26 EU states out of a total of 28 as providers of dental education. Two of the 26 countries offer a bachelor's degrees (Bachelor of Dental Surgery); five countries offer a combined bachelor's and master's degree; and ten countries still award the doctor's degree for the undergraduate education. Finally, three countries award diploma for the graduating dentist.ConclusionsTwo decades after the launch, noticeable differences in the structure and duration of undergraduate dental programmes persist and these may be attributed to curricular structure and university regulations in individual EU countries.
Dental therapists in general dental practice. A literature review and case‐study analysis to determine what works, why, how and in what circumstances
Authors: Barnes Emma , Bullock Alison , Chestnutt Ivor G. , Cowpe Jonathan , Moons Kirstie , Warren Wendy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn the United Kingdom, policy and guidance changes regarding the role of dental therapists (DTs) were implemented in recent years with a view to changing dental care to a more preventive‐focussed, teamwork approach. However, success in the adoption of this model of working has been varied.AimsAdopting a realist approach, our aim was, to examine the use of DTs in general dental practices in Wales, exploring what works, why, how and in what circumstances.Materials and MethodsThe research comprised two stages. (a) A structured literature search, dual‐coding papers for high‐level factors describing the conditions or context(s) under which the mechanisms operated to produce outcomes. From this, we derived theories about how skill‐mix operates in the general dental service. (b) Six case studies of general dental practices (three with a dental therapist/three without a dental therapist) employing a range of skill‐mix models incorporating semi‐structured interviews with all team members. We used the case studies/interviews to explore and refine the theories derived from the literature.ResultsEighty‐four papers were coded. From this coding, we identified seven theories which reflected factors influencing general dental practices within three broad contexts: the dental practice as a business, as a healthcare provider and as a workplace. We tested these theories in interviews with 38 dental team members across the six care studies. As a result, we amended five of the theories.ConclusionOur analysis provides theory about outcomes that DTs may facilitate and the mechanisms that may assist the work of DTs within different contexts of general dental practice.