bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of Behavioral and Growth Responses to Two Feeding Regimes and Implications for the Domestication of Steelhead Trout
Authors: Tatara Christopher P. , Endicott Robert C. , Atkins Jeffrey J. , Berejikian Barry A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The effects of domestication selection on fitness are of serious concern in hatchery-reared anadromous salmonids, which often experience selection for rapid growth and associated deviations from natural agonistic and feeding behaviors. The high rations that are used to raise age-1 smolts and the reduced rations that are used to produce age-2 smolts potentially result in very different behavioral tactics and social dynamics of competition in hatchery tanks. Consequently, steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss hatchery programs with recovery or conservation goals may need to change their aquaculture practices to minimize domestication selection. This study investigated how the feeding rate (proportion of presented food items that were successfully captured) and relative competitive ability (ability to monopolize food items in small groups) of age-1 and age-2 steelhead corresponded to feeding location (surface or bottom) and growth rate in hatchery rearing tanks. We raised steelhead from a common broodstock to smolt at age 1 or age 2 by manipulating their rations (age-1 fish received the high ration, age-2 the low ration). The fish in the age-1 treatment had a lower feeding rate than did those in the age-2 treatment. Feeding rate was positively correlated with both body size and with growth rate in the rearing tanks at both rations. The age-2 steelhead were more likely to be detected at a single feeding location than were the age-1 fish, which were more frequently detected at both locations. The more competitive age-1 fish were more frequently detected at both feeding locations, and the less competitive fish were detected at only one location. Relative competitive ability was not associated with feeding location in the age-2 treatment, nor was it associated with growth rate in either treatment. Age-2 steelhead that were detected only at the bottom or at both feeding locations had higher growth rates than those that were detected only at the surface, suggesting greater scramble competition near the point of food delivery under the restricted ration. Feeding location was not associated with growth rate in the age-1 treatment. The results indicate that ration directly affects feeding rate and that ration and relative competitive ability interact to influence feeding rate. Because feeding rate was positively associated with growth rate at both ration levels in the hatchery tanks, behaviors that are associated with feeding motivation may be an important trait under selection in salmonid hatcheries.
Juvenile Chinook Salmon Weight Prediction Using Image-Based Morphometrics
Authors: Holmes Eric J. , Jeffres Carson A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We developed an empirical weight prediction model for juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ranging from 33–113 mm FL and 0.35–14.86 g using morphometrics analysis on images that were collected from live fish in the field. This method relies on consumer-grade hardware and free software and addresses the issue of a lack of valuable weight and condition data for life history and survival modeling. A blind test revealed that the method was relatively precise, with a mean absolute error of 0.075 g and a mean absolute percentage of error of 2.86%, and unbiased, with a mean error of −0.001 g. Given the inherent variability in field wet-weight measurements that are estimated, with an average standard deviation of 0.030 g and CV of 1.02% from a blind repeated-measurements experiment, the observed level of predictive error suggests that the method is an adequate substitute for measuring field weight when conditions (i.e., boat sampling) preclude conventional scale taring and accurate weight measurement. Additionally, this method is useful in an automated data-quality-control workflow to identify erroneous length and/or weight measurements. The image landmark placement closely follows previous work on juvenile Chinook Salmon and can be incorporated with existing methodologies such as stock analysis and phenotypic differentiation to increase the available biometric information.
An emergency department optimized protocol for qualitative research to investigate care seeking by patients with non‐urgent conditions
Authors: Truter Piers , Edgar Dale , Mountain David , Bulsara Caroline 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo describe a tailored qualitative research methodology for exploring the complex interaction of factors driving non‐urgent care seeking in the emergency department.DesignQualitative descriptive design with a literature informed semi‐structured interview and analysis structure. Triangulation with the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory allows expedited exploration of biopsychosocial factors. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research requirements integrated.MethodsWith a short 10‐ to 15‐min interview and a low‐inference analysis process, this methodology offers a structured way to explore the “go to ED” decision, to understand the patient perspective on their healthcare needs and feed into the development of suitable local services that meet patient healthcare needs.ResultsThis methodology offers a structured way for clinician–researchers to explore the factors that influence patients seeking care in the emergency departments for non‐urgent conditions that are specific to their local health service environment. The described methodology is accessible to novice qualitative researchers and includes the semi‐structured interview, coding and analysis frameworks.
Transient electromagnetic inversion based on particle swarm optimization and differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Li Ruiyou , Yu Nian , Li Ruiheng , Zhuang Qiong , Zhang Huaiqing 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTFor transient electromagnetic inversion, a gradient‐based algorithm is strongly dependent on the quality of the initial model, while any non‐gradient‐based algorithm often falls too easily into local optima. This paper proposes a joint differential‐evolution–particle‐swarm‐optimization inversion algorithm, which provides a better global optimization. A dual‐population evolution strategy and information exchange mechanism is presented. For verification, this is followed by adoption of a layered inversion model in the transient electromagnetic inversion with a central loop. The results show that the differential‐evolution–particle‐swarm‐optimization joint algorithm can reduce the probability of a premature phenomenon (i.e. falling into local optima) and improve the inversion accuracy, efficiency and stability, with a fast convergence occuring in the early stages. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has a higher degree of fitting (prediction ability) for data inversion and is feasible for transient electromagnetic inversion.
Counselor Surveillance of Digital Self‐Monitoring Data: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Butryn Meghan L. , Martinelli Mary K. , Crane Nicole T. , Godfrey Kathryn , Roberts Savannah R. , Zhang Fengqing , Forman Evan M. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis pilot study tested counselor access to participants’ digital self‐monitoring (SM) data as a means of improving long‐term lifestyle modification (LM) outcomes.MethodsAfter 12 weeks of weight‐loss treatment, participants (N = 77) were randomized to LM or LM+SHARE for weeks 13 to 52. All participants received monthly phone calls and weekly text messages from weeks 13 to 52 and were instructed to engage in daily digital SM of weight, eating, and exercise. In LM+SHARE, but not LM, counselors had access to SM device data. Assessments were conducted as weeks 0, 13, 26, and 52.ResultsRetention, engagement, and treatment satisfaction were excellent. LM+SHARE participants, compared with LM, had more frequent SM of weight and eating. Weight loss continued at a similar rate in both conditions from weeks 13 to 26. From weeks 26 to 52, those in LM regained approximately 2 kg, whereas those in LM+SHARE maintained weight loss, a significant difference. Nonetheless, total weight loss did not significantly differ by condition. Engagement in dietary SM mediated the effect of condition on weight.ConclusionsCounselor access to SM data is feasible and acceptable. Additional research is warranted to determine whether it can meaningfully improve outcomes.
The Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of the Mutational Profile of Blood and Tumor Tissue in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wilson Harper L. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Meegalla Nuwan , Petro Robin , Commander Sara , Topaloglu Umit , Zhang Wei , Porosnicu Mercedes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to explore the genomic landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in circulation (circulating tumor DNA [ctDNA]) and tumor (tumor tissue DNA [tDNA]) and understand the implications of ctDNA sequencing for prognosis and precision oncology treatments.

Materials and Methods
This is a retrospective review of 75 patients with HNSCC for both tDNA and ctDNA. Results were analyzed for concordance between tDNA and ctDNA and for their individual and combined association with demographics, survival, and presence and extent of disease at last visit (DLV).

Results
The five most frequently altered genes were TP53, CDKN2A, TERT, BRCA2, and NOTCH1. Twenty percent of patients had NOTCH1 alterations in tDNA, with none found in ctDNA. Concordance among altered genes was 13.0%, and 65.3% of patients had actionable ctDNA alterations. ctDNA alterations were significantly associated with decreased overall survival (OS) and presence and extent of DLV. In DNA repair genes, alterations in ctDNA alone and combined with tDNA were significantly associated with decreased OS and presence of DLV. Similar significant associations were found in TP53 for ctDNA alone and combined with tDNA. DNA repair gene alterations in ctDNA and unique ctDNA alterations within partially concordant genes were significantly associated with decreased OS in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
This study illustrates the circulating and tumor genomic profile in the largest HNSCC cohort to date, underscoring the potential utility of ctDNA in prognostication and precision oncology treatment. For the first time, the presence of ctDNA alterations and specific ctDNA sequencing results were shown to be significantly associated with poor prognosis in HNSCC.

Implications for Practice
The use of precision genomic targeted therapies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lags behind many other cancers, and poor survival in advanced stages indicates the urgent need for improved treatment options. This exploratory analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tumor tissue DNA (tDNA) sequencing in the largest cohort to date of patients with HNSCC provides a novel depiction of the ctDNA genome, with two thirds of patients having actionable ctDNA alterations. This study reports for the first time the prognostic value of ctDNA sequencing, with the presence of ctDNA alterations, specific ctDNA alterations in DNA repair genes and TP53, and unique ctDNA alterations within partially concordant genes predicting poor survival.
Prospective phase II study of children affected by bilateral intraocular retinoblastoma with macular involvement of both eyes or in the only preserved eye. Macular tumor control, eye preservation rate, and visual outcome
Authors: Russo Ida , Levy‐Gabriel Christine , Dupont Axelle , Lumbroso‐Le Rouic Livia , Cassoux Nathalie , Desjardins Laurence , Bertozzi Anne‐Isabelle , Coze Carole , Doz François , Savignoni Alexia , Aerts Isabelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundConservative treatments of intraocular retinoblastoma often consist of chemotherapy and focal treatments. The protocols vary and currently may combine two or three drugs, with different number of cycles, associated to the ocular treatments. In case of macular/paramacular involvement, tumor location and retinal scars induced by focal treatments often have a major negative impact on final visual outcome.MethodsThis study aimed to include children affected by bilateral intraocular macular/paramacular retinoblastoma in a prospective phase II study. The protocol consisted of six cycles of a three‐drug combination (vincristine, etoposide, carboplatin), and the addition of macula‐sparing transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) to the third cycle. The primary endpoint was the local control rate without external beam radiotherapy (EBR) and/or enucleation.ResultsNineteen patients (26 eyes) were included from July 2004 to November 2009. Thirteen eyes belonged to group V of the Reese‐Ellsworth classification and 10 to group D of the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification. Macular/paramacular tumors were treated with chemotherapy alone in nine eyes, and with chemotherapy associated with macula‐sparing TTT in 17 eyes. Four eyes experienced macular relapse. At a median follow up of 77 months, 23 eyes (88.5%) were saved without EBR, two were enucleated and one received EBR. The median visual acuity of the 24 saved eyes was 20/50. No severe adverse effect was observed.ConclusionSix cycles of a three‐drug combination associated with macula‐sparing TTT achieved good tumor control, improved eye preservation rates without EBR, and decreased macular damage, often providing satisfactory visual results with long‐term follow up.
Are children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at high risk for thrombosis? Viscoelastic testing and coagulation profiles in a case series of pediatric patients
Authors: Al‐Ghafry Maha , Aygun Banu , Appiah‐Kubi Abena , Vlachos Adrianna , Ostovar Gholamabbas , Capone Christine , Sweberg Tod , Palumbo Nancy , Goenka Pratichi , Wolfe Lawrence C. , Lipton Jeffrey M. , Acharya Suchitra S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coagulopathy of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is well documented in adults, with increases in D‐dimer and prothrombin time found to be strong predictors of mortality, and anticoagulation shown to decrease this mortality. Viscoelastic parameters such as elevations in maximum clot firmness (MCF) on rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) have correlated with a hypercoagulable state in adults with SARS‐CoV‐2. We report our experience in children infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, with noted elevations in D‐dimer and MCF on ROTEM (indicating hypercoagulability). Exploration of viscoelastic testing to provide additional laboratory‐based evidence for pediatric‐specific risk assessment for thromboprophylaxis in SARS‐CoV‐2 is warranted.
131I‐Meta‐iodobenzylguanidine followed by busulfan and melphalan and autologous stem cell rescue in high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Giardino Stefano , Piccardo Arnoldo , Conte Massimo , Puntoni Matteo , Bertelli Enrica , Sorrentino Stefania , Montera Mariapina , Risso Marco , Caviglia Ilaria , Altrinetti Vania , Lanino Edoardo , Faraci Maura , Garaventa Alberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionDespite the progress in current treatments, the event‐free survival of high‐risk neuroblastoma (HR‐NB) patients does not exceed 40%‐50%, and the prognosis of refractory or relapsed patients is poor, still representing a challenge for pediatric oncologist. Therapeutic Iodine‐131 meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (Th‐131I‐MIBG) is a recognized safe and potentially effective treatment for NB.MaterialsThis retrospective study reports the outcomes of 28 MIBG‐avid NB patients with advanced disease either refractory or relapsed, which was undertaken from 1996 to 2014. Th‐131I‐MIBG was administered shortly before (median: 17 days) high‐dose chemotherapy with busulfan and melphalan (HD‐BuMel) and autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) at the Gaslini Institute in Genoa, with the aim of analyzing the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of this approach.ResultsEngraftment occurred in all patients after a median of 14 (11‐29) and 30 days (13‐80) from ASCR for neutrophils and platelets, respectively. No treatment‐related deaths were observed. The main high‐grade (3‐4) toxicity observed was oral and gastrointestinal mucositis in 78.6% and 7.1% of patients, respectively, whereas high‐grade hepatic toxicity was observed in 10.7%. Two patients developed veno‐occlusive‐disease (7.1%), completely responsive to defibrotide. Hypothyroidism was the main late complication that occurred in nine patients (31.1%). After Th‐131MIBG and HD‐BuMel, 19 patients (67.8%) showed an improvement in disease status. Over a median follow‐up of 15.9 years, the three‐year and five‐year overall survival (OS) probabilities were 53% (CI 0.33‐0.69) and 41% (CI 0.22‐0.59), and the three‐year and five‐year rates of cumulative risk of progression/relapse were 64% (CI 0.47‐0.81) and 73% (CI 0.55‐0.88), respectively. MYCN amplification emerged as the only risk factor significantly associated with OS (HR, 3.58;P = 0.041).ConclusionTh‐131I‐MIBG administered shortly before HD‐BuMel is a safe and effective regimen for patients with advanced MIBG‐avid NB. These patients should be managed in centers with proven expertise.
Structural and mechanical impact of synthetic clay in composite foams made via high‐internal phase emulsions
Authors: Mayr Lina , Simonyan Arsen , Breu Josef , Joseph Wingert Maxwell 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImpacts of organophilic clay on open cell foams created from high‐internal phase emulsion templating were explored. Improving mechanical properties such as compression modulus by fillers is typically most challenging to realize. We investigated the effect of two different fillers: synthetic hectorite organophilized with a custom‐made organo‐cation and commercial organophilic montmorillonite. Contrary to the montmorillonite, the hectorite could significantly improve the foam mechanics, up to four times for foams with a relative density of 4.1%. Investigation of bulk mechanics and the morphology of foams led to the conclusion that the foam mechanics improvement is not due to a reinforcement of the struts. Instead, the organophilic hectorite might act as a Pickering emulsifier in addition to the molecular surfactants to achieve a more consistent structure, which in particular possesses more uniform strut thickness and improved mechanical properties.
Effects of processing parameters for vacuum‐bag‐only method on void content and mechanical properties of laminated composites
Authors: Mujahid Yasir , Sallih Nabihah , Abdullah Mohamad Zaki , Mustapha Mazli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProcess parameters for vacuum‐bag‐only (VBO) method are of critical importance to control manufacturing‐induced void content and mechanical properties of laminated composites. Currently, no comparative studies are readily available on various VBO processing parameters namely bagging techniques, cure cycles, and laminate thicknesses on induced defects and mechanical properties. Hence, this study investigates the effects of these parameters on manufacturing‐induced void content and mechanical properties of composite laminates. Laminate samples were manufactured using L27 Taguchi orthogonal array experimental plan. Void contents, tensile and flexural properties of these samples were evaluated. Double VBO technique and direct (modified) cure cycle were found to be the most promising parameters in achieving the lowest void content among choices of bagging techniques and cure cycles, respectively. However, improved mechanical properties were achieved using a single VBO technique due to the higher fiber reinforcement volume fraction. In comparison to a typical cure cycle, the modified cure cycles were able to reduce surface porosity and through‐thickness void by 48.33% and 23.7%, respectively, whereas the tensile and flexural properties were increased by 2% to 3% and 17% to 20%, respectively. In addition, no significant interaction between parameters was observed.
Effect of Zr/Gnp hybrid filler on thermal and ablation properties of carbon‐epoxy composites
Authors: Subha Sivakumar , Sairam Vadapalli Naga Venkata , Pal Yash 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, the Zirconia (Zr) particles were coated with graphene nanoplatelets (Gnps) using the wet chemical synthesis process and sintered at 500°C and 900°C. At sintering temperature of 900°C, the Zr coated with 0.25 wt% Gnp fillers exhibited better oxidation resistance. Thus, the carbon epoxy (C‐Ex) composites containing Zr/Gnp, 0.25 wt%, were fabricated by the hand‐layup technique. The prepared composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), flexural, and ablation tests. The C‐Ex composites modified with Zr/Gnps fillers showed significant improvement in thermal stability and flexural strength compared with the pristine sample. The composite containing 0.25 wt% Zr/Gnp filler reduced the mass ablation rate to 23%, whereas back‐surface temperature was decreased to 170°C compared with pure C‐Ex composite. The surface morphology of ablated composite samples revealed that the Zr/Gnp produced char droplet spheres on the carbon fibres, which prevented the further oxidation of the matrix and thus improved the ablative performance.
Antidepressant use in Australia and Sweden—A cross‐country comparison
Authors: Eek Emma , van Driel Mieke , Falk Magnus , Hollingworth Samantha A. , Merlo Gregory 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the dispensed use of antidepressants in Australia and Sweden.MethodsWe analysed publicly available data from Australia and Sweden on dispensed use of antidepressants from 2006 to 2018.ResultsThe dispensed use of antidepressants has increased in both Australia and Sweden. Australia had a more rapid increase resulting in a higher total use. The utilisation profile was similar in both countries; SSRIs were the most commonly used group, “other antidepressants” were the group that increased the most, and seven of the eight most used substances were the same. There were differences in which antidepressants were most used, with the three most prescribed antidepressants being escitalopram, sertraline, and venlafaxine in Australia; and mirtazapine, sertraline, and citalopram in Sweden.ConclusionDispensed use of antidepressants has increased remarkably in both Australia and Sweden between 2006 and 2018. Although similar with regard to economic status and health care system, use of antidepressants differs between both countries. This may be a result of a combination of factors related to medical, contextual and policy evidence. The differences displayed in this study may reflect varying accessibility of treatments, national programmes enhancing mental health literacy in the population, clinical prescribing guidelines and timing of approval of new antidepressants.
μ‐Conotoxin KIIIA peptidomimetics that block human voltage‐gated sodium channels
Authors: Knuhtsen Astrid , Whiting Rachel , McWhinnie Fergus S. , Whitmore Charlotte , Smith Brian O. , Green A. Christopher , Timperley Christopher M. , Kinnear Kenneth I. , Jamieson Andrew G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeptidomimetics designed to target voltage‐gated sodium channels have attracted significant attention as potential analgesics. However, voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC)‐blocking activity of these compounds has mainly been assessed using rat and/or mice homologs. In this study, we developed a novel series of conformationally constrained peptidomimetic analogues of the μ‐conotoxin KIIIA and assessed their activity against human VGSCs. Two of the mimetics block the currents of hNav1.4 and hNav1.6 channels. NMR derived structures of the mimetics provided excellent insight into the structural requirements for bioactivity. A lactam‐constrained analogue, previously reported to be active in mice, did not block the corresponding human VGSC. This work highlights important differences in VGSCs between species and validates the potential of peptidomimetics as human analgesics.