bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Forecasting Utilizing Bleeding Information to Support Dose Individualization of Factor VIII
Authors: Abrantes João A. , Solms Alexander , Garmann Dirk , Nielsen Elisabet I. , Jönsson Siv , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: October 2019

Bayesian forecasting for dose individualization of prophylactic factor VIII replacement therapy using pharmacokinetic samples is challenged by large interindividual variability in the bleeding risk. A pharmacokinetic‐repeated time‐to‐event model‐based forecasting approach was developed to contrast the ability to predict the future occurrence of bleeds based on individual (i) pharmacokinetic, (ii) bleeding, and (iii) pharmacokinetic, bleeding and covariate information using observed data from the Long‐Term Efficacy Open‐Label Program in Severe Hemophilia A Disease (LEOPOLD) clinical trials (172 severe hemophilia A patients taking prophylactic treatment). The predictive performance assessed by the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65–0.69), 0.78 (95% CI, 0.76–0.80), and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.77–0.81) for patients ≥ 12 years when using pharmacokinetics, bleeds, and all data, respectively, suggesting that individual bleed information adds value to the optimization of prophylactic dosing regimens in severe hemophilia A. Further steps to optimize the proposed tool for factor VIII dose adaptation in the clinic are required.
Moment expansion approach to the time dynamics of genetic evolution
Authors: Rastegar‐Sedehi Hamid‐Reza , Byrnes Tim , Khordad Reza 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe use moment expansion methods to analyze the time dynamics for genetic evolution under selection, mutation, and reproduction. We consider a N‐allele diploid genotype reproducing randomly in a fitness landscape with either one or two maxima, and mutation is assumed to occur such that any allele can mutate into any other type. We find that the moment expansion works well, where a small number of moments can capture the general behavior toward equilibrium. Our methods allow a systematic way to capture the time dynamics of the evolutionary process efficiently using a small number of coupled equations.
A rapid ammonium fluoride method to determine the oxygen isotope ratio of available phosphorus in tropical soils
Authors: Pfahler Verena , Bielnicka Aleksandra , Smith Andrew C. , Granger Steven J. , Blackwell Martin S.A. , Turner Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2019

RationaleThe isotopic composition of oxygen bound to phosphorus (δ18OP value) offers an opportunity to gain insight into P cycling mechanisms. However, there is little information for tropical forest soils, which presents a challenge for δ18OP measurements due to low available P concentrations. Here we report the use of a rapid ammonium fluoride extraction method (Bray‐1) as an alternative to the widely used anion‐exchange membrane (AEM) method for quantification of δ18OP values of available P in tropical forest soils.MethodsWe compared P concentrations and δ18OP values of available and microbial P determined by AEM and Bray‐1 extraction for a series of tropical forest soils from Panama spanning a steep P gradient. This involved an assessment of the influence of extraction conditions, including temperature, extraction time, fumigation time and solution‐to‐soil ratio, on P concentrations and isotope ratios.ResultsDepending on the extraction conditions, Bray‐1 P concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 66.3 mg P kg−1 across the soils. Extraction time and temperature had only minor effects on Bray‐1 P, but concentrations increased markedly as the solution‐to‐soil ratio increased. In contrast, extraction conditions did not affect Bray‐1 δ18OP values, indicating that Bray‐1 provides a robust measure of the isotopic composition of available soil P. For a relatively high P soil, available and fumigation‐released (microbial) δ18OP values determined by Bray‐1 extraction (20‰ and 16‰, respectively) were higher than those determined by the AEM method (18‰ and 12‰, respectively), which we attribute to slightly different P pools extracted by the two methods and/or differences resulting from the longer extraction time needed for the AEM method.ConclusionsThe short extraction time, insensitivity to extraction conditions and smaller mass of soil required to extract sufficient P for isotopic analysis make Bray‐1extraction a suitable alternative to the AEM method for the determination of δ18OP values of available P in tropical soils.
MRI‐guided targeted needle placement during motion using hydrostatic actuators
Authors: Mikaiel Samantha , Simonelli James , Li Xinzhou , Lee Yu‐Hsiu , Lee Yong Seok , Sung Kyunghyun , Lu David S. , Tsao Tsu‐Chin , Wu Holden H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has unique advantages for guiding interventions, but the narrow space is a major challenge. This study evaluates the feasibility of a remote‐controlled hydrostatic actuator system for MRI‐guided targeted needle placement.MethodsThe effects of the hydrostatic actuator system on MR image quality were evaluated. Using a reference step‐and‐shoot method (SS) and the proposed actuator‐assisted method (AA), two operators performed MRI‐guided needle placement in targets (n = 12) in a motion phantom.ResultsThe hydrostatic actuator system exhibited negligible impact on MR image quality. In dynamic targets, AA was significantly more accurate and precise than SS, with mean ± SD needle‐to‐target error of 1.8 ± 1.0 mm (operator 1) and 1.3 ± 0.5 mm (operator 2). AA reduced the insertion time by 50% to 80% and total procedure time by 25%, compared to SS.ConclusionsThe proposed hydrostatic actuator system may improve accuracy and reduce procedure time for MRI‐guided targeted needle placement during motion.
Development of customized implant and customized surgical osteotomy guide in ablative tumor surgery for accurate mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Dahake Sandeep , Kuthe Abhaykumar , Mawale Mahesh , Sapkal Pranav , Bagde Ashutosh , Daronde Subodh , Kamble Manish , Sarode Bhupesh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to provide the generalized methodology for design and development of a customized implant and customized surgical osteotomy guide (CSOG) for precise mandibular tumor resection and placement of a customized implant in ablative tumor surgery for accurate mandibular reconstruction.MethodsMedical imaging technique, image processing, virtual surgical planning (VSP), biomedical computer‐aided design (CAD), and rapid prototyping (RP) were used to develop CSOG and customized implant. A mock surgical test and an experimental analysis were performed on the biomodel (RP assisted diseased model) to check the effectiveness of the CSOG.ResultsThe paired t test showed the statistically significant result with the use of CSOG as compared to the without using CSOG in ablative mandibular tumor surgery.ConclusionsA mock test and an experimental analysis proved that, the precise tumor resection and customized implant placement with minimal gap between bone‐implant junctions in mandibular reconstruction using CSOG.
The peer effect of corporate financial decisions around split share structure reform in China
Authors: He Wei , Wang Qian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe examine the peer effects in financial decisions of Chinese listed companies for the period of 1998–2016 as well as around Split Share Structure Reform (SSSR). Consistent with the information‐based theory of learning, Chinese firms do adjust their capital structure in response to the changes in their peers’ market leverage ratios. The industries that are more competitive, with more young firms, and high leverage volatility tend to exhibit stronger peer effects. Within industries, the firms with lower market share and profits, paying no dividends, and being financially constrained mimic their peers more strongly than their counterparts. The evidence around the SSSR reveals that firms tend to follow their industry peers and leaders more closely in making financial decisions after the reform. Finally, the mimicking behavior in financial decisions enhances firm value in the long run and this finding is more evident after the reform.
Effect of Magnetic Inducement in Preparation of Ni/Ce‐doped Al2O3 for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Vacharapong Pumiwat , Arayawate Sirintra , Henpraserttae Suparoek , Katanyutanon Sasimas , Charojrochkul Sumittra , Lawtrakul Luckhana , Toochinda Pisanu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCatalytic activity of Ni catalysts for NH3 decomposition can be enhanced by using Ce‐doped Al2O3 support. Magnetic inducement during sol‐gel preparation of supports was studied to enhance the Ce dispersion in Al2O3 framework. In this study, the same poles and different pole of magnetic arrangement were applied during the sol‐gel preparation. Ni catalysts over the supports were investigated for the NH3 decomposition activity along with catalyst and support properties, including Ce dispersion in Al2O3 framework, Ni dispersion, acidic sites, basic sites, and reaction kinetics. The magnetic inducement can control the Ce composition and uniformity in the Al2O3 framework. The Ni/Ce‐doped Al2O3 prepared under the same poles of magnetic inducement show significant improvements in Ni dispersion, and yield highest catalytic activity due to a high Ce composition and uniformity in the framework, as well as the high Lewis basic sites which enhance the limiting step of NH3 decomposition. Thus, combination of the partial doping with magnetic inducement provides a novel approach with low cost to improve the activity of Ni catalyst without changing the reaction mechanism.
Study on Catalytic Performance of rGH/Fe‐g‐C3N4 Photocatalysis‐Fenton Synergy System[1]
Authors: Ma Dong , Jia Yuan , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGraphene and Fe‐g‐C3N4 were combined to form a three‐dimensional catalytic gel material with visible light response. The graphene gel enabled the rapid recovery of the catalyst and improved cycling performance. In this work, the co‐degradation efficiency of the rGH/Fe‐g‐C3N4 photocatalytic‐Fenton system was investigated using phenol to simulate organic pollutants. A phenol concentration of 20±0.1 mg L−1 could be completely degraded by the 10% rGH/Fe‐g‐C3N4 after 50 min, and the photocurrent was 5.1 times and 1.8 times larger than that of g‐C3N4 and Fe‐g‐C3N4, respectively. In this system, the reaction of photogenerated electrons with Fe3+ promotes the rapid transfer of photogenerated charges. Additionally, Fe2+ participates in the Fenton reaction to rapidly form ⋅OH to promote cycling of the Fe valence state. Moreover, the π‐π conjugated graphene accelerates the transfer of electrons and results in the direct reduction of H2O2 to form ⋅OH. Furthermore, compared with the powder Fe‐g‐C3N4 catalyst, 10% rGH/Fe‐g‐C3N4 showed excellent recoverability and cyclability. After seven cycles, the degradation efficiency reached >86±1%. Finally, a degradation experiment with coking wastewater was carried out under optimized conditions. After 60 min, the COD and TOC values decreased from 67.8±1 mg L−1 and 21.6±0.2 mg L−1, to 21.6±1 mg L−1 and 6.7±0.2 mg L−1, respectively.
A Hierarchically Porous Carbazole‐Containing Polymer from [p‐(4‐N‐carbazole)‐C6H4SiO1.5]8 to Load Imidazole for Efficient Proton Conductivity over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Wu Ling , Chen Yao , He Yang , Zeng Rong , Yan Chunpei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe practical application of vehicle fuel cell technology requires solid electrolytes possess not only high proton conductivity, but also stable proton transport channel with a wide operating temperature window. In addition, hierarchically porous materials play a key role in mass transport, such as the concentration and mobility of proton carries. Herein, we present a novel strategy to target this goal. A new hierarchically porous carbazole‐containing polymer (ECUT‐PP) was reported via mechanochemical grinding of [p‐(4‐N‐carbazole)C6H4SiO1.5]8 and anhydrous FeCl3 catalyst at room temperature. Due to the synergistic effects of hierarchical pores, imidazole loaded proton conductor (Im@ECUT‐PP) presents efficient conductivity from 0 °C (2.39×10−7 S/cm) to 200 °C (6.03×10−4 S/cm) under the anhydrous conditions, and its highest temperature is higher than other imidazole‐loaded conductors.
Low‐Cost and Highly Efficient Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Exhibiting Excellent Long‐Term Operational and UV Stability
Authors: Arora Neha , Dar M. Ibrahim , Akin Seckin , Uchida Ryusuke , Baumeler Thomas , Liu Yuhang , Zakeeruddin Shaik Mohammed , Grätzel Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractToday's perovskite solar cells (PSCs) mostly use components, such as organic hole conductors or noble metal back contacts, that are very expensive or cause degradation of their photovoltaic performance. For future large‐scale deployment of PSCs, these components need to be replaced with cost‐effective and robust ones that maintain high efficiency while ascertaining long‐term operational stability. Here, a simple and low‐cost PSC architecture employing dopant‐free TiO2 and CuSCN as the electron and hole conductor, respectively, is introduced while a graphitic carbon layer deposited at room temperature serves as the back electrical contact. The resulting PSCs show efficiencies exceeding 18% under standard AM 1.5 solar illumination and retain ≈95% of their initial efficiencies for >2000 h at the maximum power point under full‐sun illumination at 60 °C. In addition, the CuSCN/carbon‐based PSCs exhibit remarkable stability under ultraviolet irradiance for >1000 h while under similar conditions, the standard spiro‐MeOTAD/Au based devices degrade severely.
Identifying phenomenological foundations of systems engineering and systems science
Authors: Schindel William D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEngineering disciplines (electrical, civil, mechanical, and chemical engineering), concerned with physical phenomena, are founded on math–physics theoretical models from related sciences. It is sometimes asserted that systems engineering lacks, and is seeking equivalent foundations grounded in modelled physical phenomena, on an impactful par with other engineering disciplines. We instead argue (a) there is an already well‐known system phenomenon; (b) its model‐based theory has long been known in the form of Hamilton's principle, Noether's theorem, and similar established theories; (c) this phenomena and theory are general parent cases of the more familiar phenomena and model‐based theories of the other engineering disciplines and sciences; and (d) for emerging larger scale systems important to society, new larger scale phenomena, model‐based theories, and engineering disciplines may be developed using this general parent. Contemporary examples include ground vehicles, aircraft, marine vessels, and biochemical networks; ahead are healthcare, distribution networks, market systems, ecologies, and the Internet of Things.
Social impact bonds: The goose and the golden eggs at risk
Authors: Ford David N. , White Robert J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPublic goods and services such as prisons are often underfunded compared with private goods and services. Social impact bonds (SIBs) are a new financial vehicle to increase the use of private funds for public good. SIBs use a paid‐for‐success, performance‐based structure to reallocate risk and reward. In the current case, the SIB changes a critical reinforcing loop from a vicious cycle of decay to a virtuous cycle of improvement that can perpetuate SIB benefits far after the bond has been repaid. A simulation model of recidivism at Her Majesty's Prison (HMP) Peterborough and the related SIB is developed to identify high‐leverage parameters and dominant feedback loops. These are used to explain SIB success or failure for two primary participants (HMP system and SIB investors). Model analysis also reveals a tipping point structure that puts the Peterborough programme at risk. Contributions include a formal SIB model, improved understanding of SIB structure and behaviour, an example of tipping point structures in a social system and recommendations concerning SIB design and management.
Acrylamide‐induced hematotoxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in liver, kidney, and brain of catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa A. , Ibrahem Mai D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study was carried out to explore the possible deleterious impacts of acrylamide (ACR) on catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The estimation of mortalities, the examination of the clinical picture, the evaluation of blood parameters, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the histopathological picture were performed in the liver, kidney, and brain samples of the experimentally ACR‐exposed catfish. The 96 hours LC50 value was estimated to be 133 mg/L by the hydrostatic method. Fish were reared in water containing four different concentrations of ACR as follows: 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the estimated LC50 for 2 weeks. Abnormal behavioral, clinical, and postmortem responses were depicted. The anemic response including significant decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume following the ascending concentrations of ACR were recorded. The malondialdehyde was significantly increased, whereas reduced glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity were significantly decreased. The DNA fragmentation assay illustrated a clear laddering pattern in all the tested organs. Notably, the brain was the most influenced organ. It is presumed that ACR contamination showed adverse impacts on the catfish.
Clinical experience across the fetal‐fraction spectrum of a non‐invasive prenatal screening approach with low test‐failure rate
Authors: Hancock S. , Ben‐Shachar R. , Adusei C. , Oyolu C. B. , Evans E. A. , Kang H. P. , Haverty C. , Muzzey D. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe our clinical experience across the entire range of fetal‐fraction (FF) measurements of a non‐invasive prenatal screen (NIPS) that uses whole‐ genome sequencing (WGS).MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively results from 58 105 singleton pregnancies that underwent NIPS on a customized WGS platform during an 8‐month period and assessed clinical test performance for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. Pregnancy outcomes were sought for all screen‐positive patients and for 18% of screen‐negative patients. As differences in outcome‐collection response rates could artificially impact test‐performance calculations, we computed inferred sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values adjusted for ascertainment bias.ResultsThe screening test yielded a result for 99.9% (n = 58 048) of patients, meaning that approximately 1 in 1000 patients received a test failure (i.e. test failure rate = 0.1%). Of pregnancies with a test result, 572 (1%) screened positive for one of the common aneuploidies (362 for trisomy 21, 142 for trisomy 18 and 68 for trisomy 13). Informative outcomes were received for 237 (41.4%) patients with a screen‐positive result and 3258 (5.7%) of those with a screen‐negative result. In the full cohort, inferred sensitivities for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 were 99.7%, 96.8% and 94.3%, respectively, and PPVs were 93.1%, 85.2% and 48.4%, respectively. If a FF threshold of 4% had been employed to guard against false negatives, calculated sensitivities for the three aneuploidies would not have changed significantly, yet, importantly, the overall test‐failure rate would have increased to 6.6% (n = 3829), impacting 1 in 15 women.ConclusionsOur clinical experience demonstrates that a customized WGS‐based NIPS without a FF threshold achieves high accuracy while maintaining a low test‐failure rate of 0.1%. As such, alternative strategies to ensure high accuracy of detection of common aneuploidies in samples with low FF (such as redraw after test failure, redrawing at a later gestational age, risk scoring based on FF) are not necessary for this screening approach. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Black hole binary dynamics from the double copy and effective theory
Authors: Bern Zvi , Cheung Clifford , Roiban Radu , Shen Chia-Hsien , Solon Mikhail P. , Zeng Mao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe describe a systematic framework for computing the conservative potential of a compact binary system using modern tools from scattering amplitudes and effective field theory. Our approach combines methods for integration and matching adapted from effective field theory, generalized unitarity, and the double-copy construction, which relates gravity integrands to simpler gauge-theory expressions. With these methods we derive the third post-Minkowskian correction to the conservative two-body Hamiltonian for spinless black holes. We describe in some detail various checks of our integration methods and the resulting Hamiltonian.
Fréchet differentiability of mild solutions to SPDEs with respect to the initial datum
Authors: Marinelli Carlo , Scarpa Luca 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We establish n-th-order Fréchet differentiability with respect to the initial datum of mild solutions to a class of jump diffusions in Hilbert spaces. In particular, the coefficients are Lipschitz-continuous, but their derivatives of order higher than one can grow polynomially, and the (multiplicative) noise sources are a cylindrical Wiener process and a quasi-left-continuous integer-valued random measure. As preliminary steps, we prove well-posedness in the mild sense for this class of equations, as well as first-order Gâteaux differentiability of their solutions with respect to the initial datum, extending previous results by Marinelli, Prévôt, and Röckner in several ways. The differentiability results obtained here are a fundamental step to construct classical solutions to non-local Kolmogorov equations with sufficiently regular coefficients by probabilistic means.
αSMA Osteoprogenitor Cells Contribute to the Increase in Osteoblast Numbers in Response to Mechanical Loading
Authors: Matthews B. G. , Wee N. K. Y. , Widjaja V. N. , Price J. S. , Kalajzic I. , Windahl S. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that site-specifically adapts to the load that it experiences. In response to increasing load, the cortical bone area is increased, mainly through enhanced periosteal bone formation. This increase in area is associated with an increase in the number of bone-forming osteoblasts; however, the origin of the cells involved remains unclear. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) is a marker of early osteoprogenitor cells in the periosteum, and we hypothesized that the new osteoblasts that are activated by loading could originate from αSMA-expressing cells. Therefore, we used an in vivo fate-mapping approach in an established axial loading model to investigate the role of αSMA-expressing cells in the load-induced increase in osteoblasts. Histomorphometric analysis was applied to measure the number of cells of different origin on the periosteal surface in the most load-responsive region of the mouse tibia. A single loading session failed to increase the number of periosteal αSMA-expressing cells and osteoblasts. However, in response to multiple episodes of loading, the caudal, but not the cranial, periosteal surface was lined with an increased number of osteoblasts originating from αSMA-expressing cells 5 days after the initial loading session. The proportion of osteoblasts derived from αSMA-labeled progenitors increased by 70% (p < 0.05), and the proportion of αSMA-labeled cells that had differentiated into osteoblasts was doubled. We conclude that αSMA-expressing osteoprogenitors can differentiate and contribute to the increase in periosteal osteoblasts induced by mechanical loading in a site-specific manner.