bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Better Understanding of Crack Growth in Nickel-Cast Alloys Under Creep-Fatigue and Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Conditions
Authors: Kraemer Karl Michael , Mueller Falk , Kontermann Christian , Oechsner Matthias 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To ensure the feasibility of gas turbines, despite rising commodity prices and emission restrictions, an enhancement of both their efficiency and flexibility is necessary. The consequential higher loading of components at high temperature conditions calls for an increased use of damage tolerant design approaches. To still guarantee a safe operation, a sound understanding and reliable estimations for crack growth under service conditions is indispensable. In this paper, the results from several projects in this field conducted at the TU Darmstadt and involved partners are summarized to identify and describe the various influences on crack growth under creep-fatigue and thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) loading. The activation of damage mechanisms under TMF loading and interactions between them are dependent of the temperature cycle and the respective load phasing. Depending on the type of loading (force- vs. strain-control), contrary influences of the phase shift on the TMF crack growth rates are found. This can partially be attributed to the differences in mean stress evolution. Crack initiation and propagation under creep-fatigue and TMF conditions are also often connected with significant scattering of initiation sites and crack growth rates. One reason for this non-uniform behaviour is the interaction of geometric discontinuities with the microstructure. To investigate the role of the local grain structure for crack initiation and propagation, in-situ observation techniques for crack tip movement and local strain fields were applied. Harsh gradients in the local deformation behaviour were identified as origins of secondary crack initiation. To describe crack growth under creep-fatigue and TMF conditions, the linear accumulation model “O.C.F.” was developed. It is based on the contributions of fatigue, creep and oxidation to crack growth per load cycle. This model is capable to reproduce the effects of time-dependent damage, different load ratios and TMF phase shifts, as well as component geometry. Substantial advantages of this method are its independence from empiric correction factors to assess changing load cycle forms and the possibility to give analytic estimations without the need of extensive data processing. The model is currently validated for three nickel cast alloys, also including single crystalline (SX) and directionally solidified (DS) cast variants, different creep-fatigue and TMF loading scenarios and crack geometries. The model’s linear formulation allows assessing the dominant driver of crack growth at each stage of an experiment. These predictions are compared with fractographic investigations and in-situ observations of crack paths to identify the mechanisms of crack growth under different TMF load cycle forms.
2-Stage Air Filtration for Gas Turbine Naval Applications
Authors: de Arcangelis Gianluca 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Traditional air filtration systems for Gas Turbine Naval applications consist of 3 stages: 1st vane separator + pocket filter + 2nd vane separator. The 2nd vane separator is required to drain out droplets formed by the traditional pocket filter during its coalescing function.
Further to technological advancements in the water repellency of filter media, as well as leak-free techniques, it is now possible to implement a pocket filter that avoids leaching water droplets downstream. This enables the elimination of the 3rd stage vane separator in the air filtration system. The result is a suitable 2-stage air filtration system.
The elimination of the 3rd stage vane separator provides the obvious following advantages:
• Reduced pressure drop
• Reduced weight
• Reduced foot-print
• Reduced cost
Latest technological advancements in water repellency and high efficiency melt-blown media also allow the attainment of higher performance such as:
• Increased efficiency against water droplet and salt in wet state
• Increased efficiency against dry salt and dust
This results in higher cleanliness of the Gas Turbines with benefits in terms of compressor fouling, compressor blades corrosion and turbine blades hot erosion.
Higher performance also results in simplified maintenance as technicians need only focus on the replacement of the elements as opposed to the cleaning and overhauling of the intake duct.
The paper goes through the engineering challenges of evolving from a 3-stage to 2-stage filtration system.
The paper provides data from testing at independent laboratories with results that back the claims. Furthermore, reference is made to Offshore Oil & Gas installations and testing that have proven successful with independently measured data.
Considerations for Using Additive Manufacturing Technology in Centrifugal Compressor Research
Authors: Meier Matthew A. , Gooding William J. , Fabian John , Key Nicole 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An additive manufactured (AM) vaned diffuser for use in a centrifugal compressor research facility was designed and implemented. Utilizing an AM process to manufacture the diffuser reduces the long lead time that is associated with conventionally manufactured diffusers, and it increases the instrumentation capabilities within the flow path. Several AM techniques and a variety of plastic and metal materials were evaluated for this application. A high-temperature, stereolithography (SL) resin was chosen because of the tight dimensional tolerances maintained by the SL process. Utilizing a high-temperature plastic also results in manufacturing costs that are significantly less than using a metal material. Samples of the chosen material were subjected to mechanical testing to investigate the effects of build direction (BD) and to verify its properties in the high-temperature compressor environment. To fit within the manufacturing space of an SL machine, the AM diffuser consists of seven radially symmetric sections that are assembled to form a complete flow path. Considerations for modifying the research facility to allow for this unique installation are presented. Precision measurements of the AM components were obtained to compare printed and modeled geometry, and they demonstrate close alignment of flow path dimensions.
Thermal Development of an Impinging Jet Using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF)
Authors: Wright Lesley M. , Seitz Sara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) has been demonstrated to investigate a round jet impinging on a flat surface. Detailed thermal field distributions have been obtained near the flat target surface to characterize the wall jet development ensuing from the stagnation point. While PLIF has been demonstrated for combustion applications to measure concentration gradients within a mixture, its application for temperature field measurements is less established. Therefore, the technique was applied to a simple, cylindrical impinging jet. The jet Reynolds number varied with Rejet = 5,000–15,000 while the jet–to–target surface spacing varied from H / D = 4–10. The cooling jet (Tjet ∼ 300 K) impinged on a flat, heated surface. The PLIF technique was able to capture the free jet structure and jet development along the target surface. With a short impingement length (H / D = 4), the potential core of the jet strikes the target surface. The thermal gradients captured during the experiments demonstrate the fully turbulent nature of the impinging jet with H / D = 10. The thermal boundary development along the target surface is clearly captured using this fluorescence method. The near wall temperature gradients acquired with the PLIF method have been used to calculate heat transfer coefficients on the heated surface, and these values compare favorably to those measured using a well-established steady state, heat transfer method. The PLIF technique has been demonstrated for this fundamental impingement setup, and it has proven to be applicable to more complex heat transfer and cooling applications.
Mentoring Tenure-Track Faculty in Kinesiology
Authors: Knudson Duane , Liu Ting , Schmidt Dan , Van Mullem Heather 
Published: November 2019

The scarcity of tenure-track lines in most kinesiology departments supports the need for the implementation of faculty mentoring programs. This article summarizes key elements of mentoring programs for tenure-track kinesiology faculty at 3 kinds of state universities. Mentoring at a bachelor’s college or university might emphasize support to enhance a new faculty member’s teaching effectiveness and student advising strategies and assist new faculty with a positive integration into the campus community. A comprehensive university mentoring approach may place equal emphasis on both formal (e.g., orientation and mentoring committee) and informal (e.g., collegial and self-selected mentoring) interactions. Helping new faculty members understand their role as an important part of the departmental team and organizational mission is a consistent theme. Mentoring at a research-intensive university might emphasize clarifying scholarship, tenure, and promotion expectations relative to support; guidance in portfolio presentation; retention, tenure, and promotion evaluation; and strong communication that promotes mutual professional development and improves or sustains faculty retention.
Are formal self-care interventions for healthy people effective? A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Perera Nilushka , Agboola Shade 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionPreventative interventions are shown to be effective in reducing 40% of the mortality due to unhealthy behaviours and lifestyles. Health-promoting self-care has been recognised as a promising strategy in preventative health. However, self-care research is being done around the self-management of chronic illnesses and the promotion of self-care practices among healthy populations has been overlooked by many healthcare systems.MethodThe study methodology was a systematic review with a narrative synthesis. The search was done through seven academic databases, reference tracking of selected articles and grey literature. The scoping, selection, screening and quality assessments of the articles were reviewed independently by two reviewers.ResultsSixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Self-care behaviour, health-promotive lifestyle changes and medical care utilisation were some of the main outcomes evaluated in the studies. Positive effects were seen in increasing self-care and health-promotive behaviours in most interventions although limited or mixed impact was seen in health attitudes, beliefs and utilisation of medical services. Most studies were from high income settings with low-quality study designs. The complexity of the word ‘self-care’ and inconsistencies in the terminology used in health-promotive self-care were significant highlights of the study.ConclusionHealth-promoting preventative self-care interventions show promise in increasing the well-being of healthy people. However, the methodological drawbacks limit the generalisability of the findings. As the demand for self-care interventions increases, the lack of a formal globally accepted definition and framework and complexity of behaviour change are key limitations to consider moving forward.
Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care viscoelastic haemostatic assays in the management of bleeding during cardiac surgery: protocol for a prospective multicentre pragmatic study with stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled design and 1-year follow-up (the IMOTEC study)
Authors: Rigal Jean-Christophe , Boissier Elodie , Lakhal Karim , Riche Valéry-Pierre , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Rozec Bertrand 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionDuring cardiac surgery-associated bleeding, the early detection of coagulopathy is crucial. However, owing to time constraints or lack of suitable laboratory tests, transfusion of haemostatic products is often inappropriately triggered, either too late (exposing to prolonged bleeding and thus to avoidable administration of blood products) or blindly to the coagulation status (exposing to unnecessary haemostatic products administration in patients with no coagulopathy). Undue exposition to transfusion risks and additional healthcare costs may arise. With the perspective of secondary care-related costs, the IMOTEC study (Intérêt MédicO-économique de la Thrombo-Elastographie, dans le management transfusionnel des hémorragies péri-opératoires de chirurgies Cardiaques sous circulation extracorporelle) aims at assessing the cost-effectiveness of a point-of-care viscoelastic haemostatic assay (VHA: RoTem or TEG)-guided management of bleeding. Among several outcome measures, particular emphasis will be put on quality of life with a 1-year follow-up.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, prospective, pragmatic study with stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled design. Over a 36-month period (24 months of enrolment and 12 months of follow-up), 1000 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass will be included if a periprocedural significant bleeding occurs. The primary outcome is the cost-effectiveness of a VHA-guided algorithm over a 1-year follow-up, including patients’ quality of life. Secondary outcomes are the cost-effectiveness of the VHA-guided algorithm with regard to the rate of surgical reexploration and 1-year mortality, its cost per-patient, its effectiveness with regard to haemorrhagic, infectious, renal, neurological, cardiac, circulatory, thrombotic, embolic complications, transfusion requirements, mechanical ventilation free-days, duration of intensive care unit and in-hospital stay and mortality.Ethics and disseminationThe study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov and was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Persons of Nantes University Hospital, The French Advisory Board on Medical Research Data Processing and the French Personal Data Protection Authority. A publication of the results in a peer-reviewed journal is planned.Trial registration numberNCT02972684; Pre-results.
Mental well-being and job satisfaction in general practitioners in Denmark and their patients’ change of general practitioner: a cohort study combining survey data and register data
Authors: Nørøxe Karen Busk , Vedsted Peter , Bro Flemming , Carlsen Anders Helles , Pedersen Anette Fischer 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesLow job satisfaction and poor well-being (eg, stress and burnout) among physicians may have negative consequences for patient experienced healthcare quality. In primary care, this could manifest in patients choosing another general practitioner (GP). The objective of this study was to examine change of GP (COGP) (unrelated to change of address) among patients in relation to their GPs’ job satisfaction, well-being and self-assessed work-ability.Design and settingData from a nationwide questionnaire survey among Danish GPs in May 2016 was combined with register data on their listed patients. Associations between patients’ COGP in the 6-month study period (from May 2016) and the job satisfaction/well-being of their GP were estimated as risk ratios (RRs) at the individual patient level using binomial regression analysis. Potential confounders were included for adjustment.ParticipantsThe study cohort included 569 776 patients aged ≥18 years listed with 409 GPs in single-handed practices.ResultsCOGP was significantly associated with occupational distress (burnout and low job satisfaction) in the GP. This association was seen in a dose-response like pattern. For burnout, associations were found for depersonalisation and reduced sense of personal accomplishment (but not for emotional exhaustion). The adjusted RR was 1.40 (1.10–1.72) for patients listed with a GP with the lowest level of job satisfaction and 1.24 (1.01–1.52) and 1.40 (1.14–1.72) for patients listed with a GP in the most unfavourable categories of depersonalisation and sense of personal accomplishment (the most favourable categories used as reference). COGP was not associated with self-assessed work-ability or domains of well-being related to life in general.ConclusionsPatients’ likelihood of changing GP increased with GP burnout and decreasing job satisfaction. These findings indicate that patients’ evaluation of care as measured by COGP may be influenced by their GPs’ work conditions and occupational well-being.
Preferences for centralised emergency medical services: discrete choice experiment
Authors: Bhattarai Nawaraj , Mcmeekin Peter , Price Christopher I , Vale Luke 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesIt is desirable that public preferences are established and incorporated in emergency healthcare reforms. The aim of this study was to investigate preferences for local versus centralised provision of all emergency medical services (EMS) and explore what individuals think are important considerations for EMS delivery.DesignA discrete choice experiment was conducted. The attributes used in the choice scenarios were: travel time to the hospital, waiting time to be seen, length of stay in the hospital, risks of dying, readmission and opportunity for outpatient care after emergency treatment at a local hospital.SettingNorth East England.ParticipantsParticipants were a randomly sampled general population, aged 16 years or above recruited from Healthwatch Northumberland network database of lay members and from clinical contact with Northumbria Healthcare National Health Service Foundation Trust via Patient Experience Team.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnalysis used logistic regression modelling techniques to determine the preference of each attribute. Marginal rates of substitution between attributes were estimated to understand the trade-offs individuals were willing to make.ResultsResponses were obtained from 148 people (62 completed a web and 86 a postal version). Respondents preferred shorter travel time to hospital, shorter waiting time, fewer number of days in hospital, low risk of death, low risk of readmission and outpatient follow-up care in their local hospital. However, individuals were willing to trade off increased travel time and waiting time for high-quality centralised care. Individuals were willing to travel 9 min more for a 1-day reduction in length of stay in the hospital, 38 min for a 1% reduction in risk of death and 112 min for having outpatient follow-up care at their local hospital.ConclusionsPeople value centralised EMS if it provides higher quality care and are willing to travel further and wait longer.
The CoDiNOS trial protocol: an international randomised controlled trial of intravenous sildenafil versus inhaled nitric oxide for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Cochius-den Otter Suzan , Schaible Thomas , Greenough Anne , van Heijst Arno , Patel Neil , Allegaert Karel , van Rosmalen Joost , Tibboel Dick 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental defect of the diaphragm that impairs normal lung development, causing pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH in CDH newborns is the main determinant for morbidity and mortality. Different therapies are still mainly based on ‘trial and error’. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is often the drug of first choice. However, iNO does not seem to improve mortality. Intravenous sildenafil has reduced mortality in newborns with PH without CDH, but prospective data in CDH patients are lacking.Methods and analysisIn an open label, multicentre, international randomised controlled trial in Europe, Canada and Australia, 330 newborns with CDH and PH are recruited over a 4-year period (2018–2022). Patients are randomised for intravenous sildenafil or iNO. Sildenafil is given in a loading dose of 0.4 mg/kg in 3 hours; followed by continuous infusion of 1.6 mg/kg/day, iNO is dosed at 20 ppm. Primary outcome is absence of PH on day 14 without pulmonary vasodilator therapy and/or absence of death within the first 28 days of life. Secondary outcome measures include clinical and echocardiographic markers of PH in the first year of life. We hypothesise that sildenafil gives a 25% reduction in the primary outcome from 68% to 48% on day 14, for which a sample size of 330 patients is needed. An intention-to-treat analysis will be performed. A p-value (two-sided) <0.05 is considered significant in all analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the ethics committee in Rotterdam (MEC-2017-324) and the central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (NL60229.078.17) in the Netherlands. The principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act and the national rules and regulations on personal data protection will be used. Parental informed consent will be obtained.Trial registration numberNTR6982; Pre-results.
Pain medicine fellow neuromodulation surgical skill assessment tool: a pilot
Authors: Pittelkow Thomas P , Hagedorn Jonathan M , Bendel Markus A , Eldrige Jason S , Pingree Matthew J , Mauck W. David , Gazelka Halena M , Lamer Tim J , Sanders Rebecca A , Billinges Heather A , Moeschler Susan M 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an evidence-based therapy for the treatment of refractory pain. Current American College of Graduate Medical Education requirements for pain medicine fellowship graduation include observation of five neuromodulation cases. Matriculating fellows have varying degrees of technical skill, training, and experience. The purpose of this study was to use an innovative skill-based assessment tool using the validated Zwisch scale to evaluate fellow surgical performance during SCS cases.DesignCross-sectional surveySettingMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.SubjectsConsultant faculty (10) in the Division of Pain Medicine and pain medicine fellows (5).MethodsA list of faculty-driven neuromodulation surgical objectives was formed and a rubric was created that focused on technical approach, imaging, epidural access and wound closure. Consultants who perform surgical cases were instructed to use the Zwisch scale as a guide to evaluate fellow surgical performance during a neuromodulation case. Faculty and fellows were surveyed before and after implementation of the tool to determine their satisfaction with use of the skill assessment tool.ResultsThe consultants reported they were more satisfied, consistent, and efficient with feedback provided to the trainee on every aspect of neuromodulation surgical cases. The improvement was most significant during the fellows’ intraoperative skill assessment. The fellows indicated increased satisfaction, improved communication, and increased efficiency of feedback when the tool was utilized. The fellows reported greater intraoperative skill assessment and consistency of feedback provided.ConclusionsThe diverse nature of primary specialty backgrounds observed in pain medicine fellowship training offers a unique opportunity to assess and improve fellow skill and surgical competence in the field of neuromodulation. Both faculty and fellows reported improved satisfaction, consistency and efficiency with feedback provided. Importantly, this pilot project observed that implementation of a skill assessment tool was beneficial for both the faculty and fellow as the feedback received was viewed as strongly beneficial to the educational experience.