bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethanol Steam Reforming Followed by Water‐Gas Shift Reaction over Ce‐Ni/MCM‐41 and Fe‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Rahmanzadeh Lida , Taghizadeh Majid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurrent research focuses on hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming (ESR) followed by water‐gas shift (WGS) reaction. Ce‐Ni/MCM‐41 and Fe/Ce/M (where M = K, La, Ti) catalysts were prepared by the wet‐impregnation technique and used for the ESR and WGS reactions, respectively. All experiments were carried out at 600 °C. The effects of the reduction time, the ratio of the two catalysts, and their arrangement were also investigated. The best results were obtained using Fe/Ce/Ti as WGS catalyst and with a separate array because the H2 production and CO2 level in the product gas were improved while that of CO was reduced. To generate high‐purity hydrogen, the CaO‐based adsorbent was used as a third layer to adsorb CO2 from the gaseous products.
Reproducing Protocol‐Based Studies Using Parameterizable Tools—Comparison of Analytic Approaches Used by Two Medical Product Surveillance Networks
Authors: Huang Ting‐Ying , Welch Emily C. , Shinde Mayura U. , Platt Robert W. , Filion Kristian B. , Azoulay Laurent , Maro Judith C. , Platt Richard , Toh Sengwee 
Published: October 2019

The US Sentinel System and the Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES) are two medical product safety surveillance networks. Using Sentinel's preprogrammed, parameterizable analytic tools, we reproduced two protocol‐based studies conducted by CNODES to assess the risks of acute pancreatitis and heart failure (HF) associated with the use of incretin‐based drugs, compared with use of ≥ 2 oral hypoglycemic agents. Results from the replication new‐user cohort analyses aligned with those from the CNODES nested case‐control studies. The adjusted hazard ratios were 0.95 (0.81–1.12; vs. 1.03 (0.87–1.22) in CNODES) for acute pancreatitis and 0.91 (0.84–1.00; vs. 0.82 (0.67–1.00) in CNODES) for HF among patients without HF history. The CNODES's common protocol approach allows studies tailored to specific safety questions, whereas the Sentinel's common data model plus pretested program approach enables more rapid analysis. Despite these differences, it is possible to obtain comparable results using both approaches.
Automated data‐intensive forecasting of plant phenology throughout the United States
Authors: Taylor Shawn D. , White Ethan P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhenology, the timing of cyclical and seasonal natural phenomena such as flowering and leaf out, is an integral part of ecological systems with impacts on human activities like environmental management, tourism, and agriculture. As a result, there are numerous potential applications for actionable predictions of when phenological events will occur. However, despite the availability of phenological data with large spatial, temporal, and taxonomic extents, and numerous phenology models, there have been no automated species‐level forecasts of plant phenology. This is due in part to the challenges of building a system that integrates large volumes of climate observations and forecasts, uses that data to fit models and make predictions for large numbers of species, and consistently disseminates the results of these forecasts in interpretable ways. Here, we describe a new near‐term phenology‐forecasting system that makes predictions for the timing of budburst, flowers, ripe fruit, and fall colors for 78 species across the United States up to 6 months in advance and is updated every four days. We use the lessons learned in developing this system to provide guidance developing large‐scale near‐term ecological forecast systems more generally, to help advance the use of automated forecasting in ecology.
Dependent double‐observer method reduces false‐positive errors in auditory avian survey data
Authors: Strickfaden Kaitlyn M. , Fagre Danielle A. , Golding Jessie D. , Harrington Alan H. , Reintsma Kaitlyn M. , Tack Jason D. , Dreitz Victoria J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBias introduced by detection errors is a well‐documented issue for abundance and occupancy estimates of wildlife. Detection errors bias estimates of detection and abundance or occupancy in positive and negative directions, which can produce misleading results. There have been considerable design‐ and model‐based methods to address false‐negative errors, or missed detections. However, false‐positive errors, or detections of individuals that are absent but counted as present because of misidentifications or double counts, are often assumed to not occur in ecological studies. The dependent double‐observer survey method is a design‐based approach speculated to reduce false positives because observations have the ability to be confirmed by two observers. However, whether this method reduces false positives compared to single‐observer methods has not been empirically tested. We used prairie songbirds as a model system to test if a dependent double‐observer method reduced false positives compared to a single‐observer method. We used vocalizations of ten species to create auditory simulations and used naive and expert observers to survey these simulations using single‐observer and dependent double‐observer methods. False‐positive rates were significantly lower using the dependent double‐observer survey method in both observer groups. Expert observers reported a 3.2% false‐positive rate in dependent double‐observer surveys and a 9.5% false‐positive rate in single‐observer surveys, while naive observers reported a 39.1% false‐positive rate in dependent double‐observer surveys and a 49.1% false‐positive rate in single‐observer surveys. Misidentification errors arose in all survey scenarios and almost all species combinations. However, expert observers using the dependent double‐observer method performed significantly better than other survey scenarios. Given the use of double‐observer methods and the accumulating evidence that false positives occur in many survey methods across different taxa, this study is an important step forward in acknowledging and addressing false positives.
Focusing surface acoustic waves assisted electrochemical detector in microfluidics
Authors: Zheng Tengfei , Liu Yue , Xu Chaoping , Lu Haiwei , Wang Chaohui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article demonstrates a novel electrochemical detection device. The device is composed by two focusing interdigital transducers for exciting focused surface acoustic waves by applying an AC signal, a three‐electrode system for electrochemical measurement, and a liquid pool for holding liquid on a LiNbO3 wafer. The amperometry current of ferrocenecarboxylic acid and potassium phosphate buffer solution is used to characterize the detection sensitivity. Two experiments are carried out to optimize the device design. The result shows that the two focusing interdigital transducers with arc degree 30° and distance 5 mm can remarkably enhance the liquid mixing rate. Under this condition, the oxidation current is about 27 times larger than that without surface acoustic wave stirring.
Genetic Variation in HSD17B13 Reduces the Risk of Developing Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Alcohol Misusers
Authors: Stickel Felix , Lutz Philipp , Buch Stephan , Nischalke Hans Dieter , Silva Ines , Rausch Vanessa , Fischer Janett , Weiss Karl Heinz , Gotthardt Daniel , Rosendahl Jonas , Marot Astrid , Elamly Mona , Krawczyk Marcin , Casper Markus , Lammert Frank , Buckley Thomas W. M. , McQuillin Andrew , Spengler Ulrich , Eyer Florian , Vogel Arndt , Marhenke Silke , von Felden Johann , Wege Henning , Sharma Rohini , Atkinson Stephen , Franke Andre , Nehring Sophie , Moser Vincent , Schafmayer Clemens , Spahr Laurent , Lackner Carolin , Stauber Rudolf E. , Canbay Ali , Link Alexander , Valenti Luca , Grove Jane I. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Marquardt Jens U. , Fateen Waleed , Zopf Steffen , Dufour Jean‐Francois , Trebicka Jonel , Datz Christian , Deltenre Pierre , Mueller Sebastian , Berg Thomas , Hampe Jochen , Morgan Marsha Y. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims
Carriage of rs738409:G in patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with an increased risk for developing alcohol‐related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, rs72613567:TA in hydroxysteroid 17‐beta dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) was shown to be associated with a reduced risk for developing alcohol‐related liver disease and to attenuate the risk associated with carriage of PNPLA3 rs738409:G. This study explores the risk associations between these two genetic variants and the development of alcohol‐related cirrhosis and HCC.

Approach and Results
Variants in HSD17B13 and PNPLA3 were genotyped in 6,171 participants, including 1,031 with alcohol‐related cirrhosis and HCC, 1,653 with alcohol‐related cirrhosis without HCC, 2,588 alcohol misusers with no liver disease, and 899 healthy controls. Genetic associations with the risks for developing alcohol‐related cirrhosis and HCC were determined using logistic regression analysis. Carriage of HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA was associated with a lower risk for developing both cirrhosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72‐0.88; P = 8.13 × 10−6) and HCC (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68‐0.89; P = 2.27 × 10−4), whereas carriage of PNPLA3 rs738409:G was associated with an increased risk for developing cirrhosis (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.54‐1.88; P = 1.52 × 10−26) and HCC (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.58‐1.98; P = 2.31 × 10−23). These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, and country. Carriage of HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA attenuated the risk for developing cirrhosis associated with PNPLA3 rs738409:G in both men and women, but the protective effect against the subsequent development of HCC was only observed in men (ORallelic, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.87; P = 1.72 × 10−4).

Conclusions
Carriage of variants in PNPLA3 and HSD17B13 differentially affect the risk for developing advanced alcohol‐related liver disease. A genotypic/phenotypic risk score might facilitate earlier diagnosis of HCC in this population.
Influence of landscape and hydrological factors on stream–air temperature relationships at regional scale
Authors: Beaufort Aurélien , Moatar Florentina , Sauquet Eric , Loicq Pierre , Hannah David M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIdentifying the main controlling factors of the stream temperature (Tw) variability is important to target streams sensitive to climate and other drivers of change. The thermal sensitivity (TS), based on relationship between air temperature (Ta) and Tw, of a given stream can be used for quantifying the streams sensitivity to future climate change. This study aims to compare TS for a wide range of temperate streams located within a large French catchment (110,000 km2) using 4 years of hourly data (2008–2012) and to cluster stations sharing similar thermal variabilities and thereby identify environmental key drivers that modify TS at the regional scale. Two successive classifications were carried out: (a) first based on Ta–Tw relationship metrics including TS and (b) second to establish a link between a selection of environmental variables and clusters of stations. Based on weekly Ta–Tw relationships, the first classification identified four thermal regimes with differing annual Tw in terms of magnitude and amplitudes in comparison with Ta. The second classification, based on classification and regression tree method, succeeded to link each thermal regime to different environmental controlling factors. Streams influenced by both groundwater inflows and shading are the most moderated with the lowest TS and an annual amplitude of Tw around half of the annual amplitude of Ta. Inversely, stations located on large streams with a high distance from source and not (or slightly) influenced by groundwater inflows nor shading showed the highest TS, and so, they are very climate sensitive. These findings have implications for guiding river basin managers and other stakeholders in implementing thermal moderation measures in the context of a warming climate and global change.
Testicular sarcoidosis with bilateral scrotal swelling
Authors: Kimura Shoichi , Momozono Kosuke , Shimamatsu Kazuhide , Noguchi Masanori 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionSarcoidosis is a disease in which noncaseating granulomas form in several organs, particularly in the lungs and skin. Male genitourinary involvement in sarcoidosis is uncommon.Case presentationA 32‐year‐old male with painless bilateral scrotal swelling who was diagnosed with lung sarcoidosis presented to our hospital. Serum tumor marker levels were normal. Scattered hypoechoic mass lesions in both testes were noted on ultrasound examination. Biopsy of both testes revealed pathologically noncaseating epithelioid cell granuloma, and perihilar lymphadenopathy and a granulomatous lung nodule were found on chest computed tomography. Semen examination was performed after the biopsy, demonstrating oligospermia. A corticosteroid regimen was administered. After treatment, no abnormal accumulation in both testes was observed on gallium‐67 scintigraphy, and semen examination demonstrated the mild improvement of the sperm count.ConclusionTreatments for testicular sarcoidosis vary, and malignancy and fertility must be considered.
More Frequent Premature Antibiotic Discontinuations and Acute Kidney Injury in the Outpatient Setting With Vancomycin Compared to Daptomycin
Authors: Tuerff Daniel , Nunez Marina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVancomycin and daptomycin are often used in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy for gram‐positive coverage. Vancomycin's narrow therapeutic window poses challenges. We retrospectively assessed acute kidney injury (AKI) and other adverse drug events in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy patients receiving vancomycin or daptomycin at home after hospital discharge. Among 191 patients included, AKI was the most common adverse drug event. Early antibiotic discontinuation and AKI were more frequent in the vancomycin group. Vancomycin use (odds ratio [OR], 4.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02‐20.51); p = 0.04], female sex (OR, 3.28; 95%CI, 1.41‐7.67; P < .01), and longer hospitalization (OR, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.01‐1.11; P = .02] independently predicted moderate‐to‐severe AKI. In the vancomycin group, trough concentrations increased after discharge, and were higher in female compared to male patients, and in those who developed moderate‐to‐severe AKI compared to those who did not. Female sex (OR, 8.37; 95%CI, 2.35‐29.82; P < .01) and higher concentrations (OR, 1.12; 95%CI, 1.05‐1.19; P < .01) predicted moderate‐to‐severe AKI in patients receiving vancomycin. In conclusion, premature antibiotic discontinuations and nephrotoxicity are more frequent in patients treated at home with vancomycin compared to daptomycin. Among patients receiving vancomycin, plasma concentrations increased after hospital discharge and predicted moderate‐to‐severe AKI. Women had higher vancomycin concentrations and higher risk for AKI.
Development of barium‐based low viscosity contrast agents for micro CT vascular casting: Application to 3D visualization of the adult mouse cerebrovasculature
Authors: Hong Sung‐Ha , Herman Alexander M. , Stephenson Jessica M. , Wu Ting , Bahadur Ali N. , Burns Alan R. , Marrelli Sean P. , Wythe Joshua D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent advances in three‐dimensional (3D) fluorescence microscopy offer the ability to image the entire vascular network in entire organs, or even whole animals. However, these imaging modalities rely on either endogenous fluorescent reporters or involved immunohistochemistry protocols, as well as optical clearing of the tissue and refractive index matching. Conversely, X‐ray‐based 3D imaging modalities, such as micro CT, can image non‐transparent samples, at high resolution, without requiring complicated or expensive immunolabeling and clearing protocols, or fluorescent reporters. Here, we compared two “homemade” barium‐based contrast agents to the field standard, lead‐containing Microfil, for micro‐computed tomography (micro CT) imaging of the adult mouse cerebrovasculature. The perfusion pressure required for uniform vessel filling was significantly lower with the barium‐based contrast agents compared to the polymer‐based Microfil. Accordingly, the barium agents showed no evidence of vascular distension or rupture, common problems associated with Microfil. Compellingly, perfusion of an aqueous BaCl2/gelatin mixture yielded equal or superior visualization of the cerebrovasculature by micro CT compared to Microfil. However, phosphate‐containing buffers and fixatives were incompatible with BaCl2 due to the formation of unwanted precipitates. X‐ray attenuation of the vessels also decreased overtime, as the BaCl2 appeared to gradually diffuse into surrounding tissues. A second, unique formulation composed of BaSO4 microparticles, generated in‐house by mixing BaCl2 and MgSO4, suffered none of these drawbacks. These microparticles, however, were unable to pass small diameter capillary vessels, conveniently labeling only the arterial cerebrovasculature. In summary, we present an affordable, robust, low pressure, non‐toxic, and straightforward methodology for 3D visualization of the cerebrovasculature.
Canopy reflectance, stalk sugar and juice yields in specialty corn hybrids as affected by nitrogen management strategies
Authors: Ma Baoluo  , Zheng Zhiming M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe newly developed sugarcorn is conceived for dual‐purpose use as a potential biofuel feedstock and a high‐energy silage crop. Its agronomic traits are, however, not fully appraised under the umbrella of nitrogen (N) management and with canopy reflectance indicator. A 3‐year field study was conducted to examine the responses of silage biomass, stalk sugar concentration, sugar and juice yields to various N applications; and determine the quantitative relationships between canopy reflectance, expressed as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and stalk sucrose or other sugar measures in a dual‐purpose sugarcorn (cv. ‘CO384xC103’), in comparison with a commercial leafy silage‐specific hybrid (cv. ‘Pride A5892G3 EDF’).RESULTSThe moderate N rate, 125 kg ha−1, produced similar stalk sucrose, silage and grain yields, compared to the high rate (250 kg N ha−1), regardless of application methods. The NDVI signatures measured at the V8–V10 stage exhibited significant (P < 0.01) and exponential relationships with stalk sucrose concentrations, sucrose and juice yields at the R3 stage, and with silage yield at approximately 65% whole‐plant moisture, the optimum silage‐harvest window.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the moderate N rate, 125 kg ha−1, which is recommended for conventional grain corn production in the region, was likely close to the economic optimum N rate for leafy silage‐specific and sugarcorn. Canopy reflectance, measured at the early growth stages, can be used as a potential indicator of sugar and silage production, and this quantitative relationship necessitates further evaluation with more genotypes and under wide environmental conditions. © 2019 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada
Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison and application of two microextractions based on syringe membrane filter
Authors: Chen Xuan , Zhang Yanqin , Li Zhuoyi , Bai Xiaohong , Hu Shuang , Wang Runqin , Yang Li , Zhang Yifang , Tie Dan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo proposed syringe membrane filter solid phase microextraction and syringe membrane filter liquid/solid phase microextraction, coupled separately with high performance liquid chromatography, were developed for simultaneous enrichment and determination of the trace level of flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine. In syringe membrane filter solid phase microextraction, the membrane of syringe membrane filter was served as a solid adsorption film to adsorb target analytes. And in syringe membrane filter liquid/solid phase microextraction, the membrane of syringe membrane filter was used as not only an adsorption phase, but also as a holder of extraction solvent to realize liquid‐solid synergistic extraction. The simple operation, rapid extraction, and little or no organic solvent consumption make the two approaches very interesting. To evaluate the two proposed approaches, the crucial parameters affecting the enrichment factors of target analytes were investigated and optimized, and the two microextractions were intercompared. Moreover, their microextraction mechanisms were analyzed and described. Under the optimized conditions, both the new approaches achieved good linearities, accuracies, precisions, and low limits of detection, and the two methods were successfully applied for concentration of the flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicines.
Comparative value and determinants of suitability of outcome measures in treated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Rajabally Yusuf A. , Ghasemi Majid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe comparative value and suitability of outcome measures are uncertain in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).MethodsWe studied 35 patients with CIDP using the Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS), the inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (I‐RODS), and the Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRCSS).ResultsSignificant associations were determined between initial deficit and ONLS score (P = .002) and MRCSS improvement (P = .001) but not I‐RODS score. A strong inverse correlation was observed between disease duration and I‐RODS score(P = .002) but not ONLS/MRCSS improvement. A strong association was observed between age ≤ 40 years and I‐RODS score (P = .001) but not ONLS/MRCSS improvement. When minimum important differences were used, ONLS and I‐RODS sensitivities were comparable (P = .19).DiscussionOverall Neuropathy Limitation Scale and I‐RODS are equally sensitive in identifying change. Ease of administration, better ability to detect improvement in severe disease, and greater amplitude responses throughout the disease and in older patients favor the ONLS. The I‐RODS appears more useful in early disease/younger patients.
Improving solve time of aggregation‐based adaptive AMG
Authors: D'Ambra Pasqua , Vassilevski Panayot S. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes improving the solve time of a bootstrap algebraic multigrid (AMG) designed previously by the authors. This is achieved by incorporating the information, a set of algebraically smooth vectors, generated by the bootstrap algorithm, in a single hierarchy by using sufficiently large aggregates, and these aggregates are compositions of aggregates already built throughout the bootstrap algorithm. The modified AMG method has good convergence properties and shows significant reduction in both memory and solve time. These savings with respect to the original bootstrap AMG are illustrated on some difficult (for standard AMG) linear systems arising from discretization of scalar and vector function elliptic partial differential equations in both 2D and 3D.