bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Epimacular Amniotic Membrane Graft in Cases of Recurrent Retinal Detachment Due to Failure of Myopic Macular Hole Closure
Authors: Moharram Hossam M. , Moustafa M. Tarek , Mortada Hassan A. , Abdelkader Mohamed Farouk 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To study the anatomical and functional outcomes of using epimacular amniotic membrane graft (AMG) to close myopic macular holes (MMHs) in patients with recurrent retinal detachment (RD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Fourteen patients with recurrent MMH-RD were enrolled in a single-arm, prospective study. Pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of any residual internal limiting membrane, preserved AMG was placed over the macular hole (MH) after air-fluid exchange, all patient left on 16% of C
2
F
6
.

RESULTS:

Fourteen patients (11 females and three males) with an average age of 58.7 years were included; follow-up was 6 months. Thirteen patients (93%) showed retinal reattachment and closure of the hole confirmed by optical coherent tomography. The mean logMAR of best-corrected visual acuity improved to 1.38 compared to 2.2 preoperatively (
P
< .002, paired
t
-test), with no serious intraoperative or postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION:
Epimacular AMG for MMH-RD is a safe and effective treatment for closure of myopic MHs.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:101–108.]
Du bidonville à l’hôpital
Authors: Jullien Clémence 
Published: February 2020

Depuis les années 2000, la santé de la reproduction semble constituer un sujet d’inquiétude en Inde. Les taux de mortalité maternelle et infantile encore élevés discréditent l’image de superpuissance que l’État aime afficher, le déséquilibre du sex-ratio continue de se creuser et, malgré une importante baisse du taux de fécondité, le pays doit faire face à une population de plus d’un milliard trois cent millions d’habitants. À partir d’une enquête de terrain d’un an et demi dans un hôpital public et dans les bidonvilles de Jaipur, Clémence Jullien analyse les conséquences, pour les femmes et leur famille, des nouveaux programmes de santé : une prime financière incite les femmes à accoucher à l’hôpital plutôt qu’avec des accoucheuses traditionnelles et, depuis 2011, les soins obstétriques à l’hôpital sont devenus entièrement gratuits. Toutefois, ces programmes, censés garantir l’accès aux soins, rendent les bénéficiaires les plus vulnérables davantage conscients des inégalités socio-économiques qu’ils subissent, renforcent les stéréotypes existants et donnent au personnel hospitalier et aux membres d’ONG un pouvoir discrétionnaire. Tensions sociales (castes, classes) et religieuses se cristallisent autour de la maternité. D’autres enjeux cruciaux – discrimination à l’égard des petites filles, faible pouvoir décisionnel des femmes, recours limité à la contraception – surgissent alors, accentuant les différences au sein de la société indienne, sous couvert de progrès et au nom de l’intérêt de la nation.
Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 Autoantibodies Are Associated with Carotid Atherosclerosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Tran-Nguyen Thi K , Chandra Divay , Yuan Kaiyu , Patibandla Phani K , Nguyen Khanh T , Sethu Palaniappan , Zhang Yingze , Xue Jianmin , Mobley James A , Kim Young-il , Shoushtari Ali , Leader Joseph K , Bon Jessica , Sciurba Frank C , Duncan Steven R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Atherosclerosis prevalence is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, independent of other risk factors. The etiology of the excess vascular disease in COPD is unknown, although it is presumably related to an underlying (if cryptic) systemic immune response. Autoantibodies with specificity for glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a multifunctional component of the unfolded protein response, are common in COPD patients and linked to comorbidities of this lung disease. We hypothesized anti-GRP78 autoreactivity might also be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in COPD patients. Carotid intima-medial thickness (cIMT) was measured in 144 current and former smokers by ultrasound. Concentrations of circulating IgG autoantibodies against full-length GRP78, determined by ELISA, were greater among subjects with abnormally increased cIMT (p &lt; 0.01). Plasma levels of autoantibodies against a singular GRP78 peptide segment, amino acids 246–260 (anti-GRP78aa 246–260), were even more highly correlated with cIMT, especially among males with greater than or equal to moderate COPD (rs = 0.62, p = 0.001). Anti-GRP78aa 246–260 concentrations were independent of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. GRP78 autoantigen expression was upregulated among human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) stressed by incubation with tunicamycin (an unfolded protein response inducer) or exposure to culture media flow disturbances. Autoantibodies against GRP78aa 246–260, isolated from patient plasma by immunoprecipitation, induced HAEC production of proatherosclerotic mediators, including IL-8. In conclusion, anti-GRP78 autoantibodies are highly associated with carotid atherosclerosis in COPD patients and exert atherogenic effects on HAECs. These data implicate Ag-specific autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis among COPD patients and raise possibilities that directed autoantibody reduction might ameliorate vascular disease in this high-risk population.
A 1782&#8211;1794 sea level record at Trieste (northern Adriatic)
Authors: Raicich Fabio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The physician Leonardo Vordoni recorded sea heights at
Trieste from 1782 to 1794 because of his interest in studying the
connections between tides and the course of diseases that he attributed to
the same forces. The data, expressed in Paris feet and inches (1 ft = 12 in. = 32.4845 cm), consist of
heights measured on a pole, relative to the green algae belt corresponding
to the mean high water. The measurements were reported in a manuscript that
was recently found in the correspondence received by Giuseppe Toaldo, an
astronomer in Padua. The observations were made twice a day until June 1791
and more frequently afterwards; the data from July 1791 onwards reasonably describe both the astronomical tide and the inverted-barometer (IB) effect. The
low frequency of observations and poor metadata information seriously limit
the scientific value of the data set, which, therefore, has mainly a
historical value. In comparisons with modern data, the amplitude of sea
level variations appears rather large, as if a unit shorter than the Paris
foot was used. Moreover, an anomalously large decadal trend exists, which
might be due to the pole sinking into the sea floor. The sea heights were
digitized and are available through SEANOE (SEA scieNtific Open data Edition; https://doi.org/10.17882/62598;
Raicich, 2019a).
Who's Depressed in Our Town? Simon Stimson's Silent Suffering
Authors: Balakian Jan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
By presenting the problem of the denial and secrecy of struggles with mental health at the turn of the century, Thornton Wilder in Our Town looks forward to a community that treats psychological suffering like the kind of town found in David Rabe's play Good for Otto (2015), a community that pays attention to mental health. Like William Styron's Darkness Visible (1989), Our Town ends with a reference to Dante's stars—an evocation of hope and virtue after death. Simon Stimson's silent story cries out for a more compassionate town that makes “darkness visible” and creates an infrastructure for our towns—so that our Simon Stimsons can walk through their storms and emerge under Dante's and Wilder's starlit night.
Thornton Wilder as Thaumaturge
Authors: McIntyre John P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInfluenced by his religious upbringing and classical education, Thornton Wilder wrote about the universal and the particular simultaneously, which contrasts with most modernist writers admired by academia and resulted in the scholarly neglect of his works. But Wilder's program of secularizing the three cardinal virtues (hope, faith, and love/charity) in both his plays and his novels asks audiences and readers to consider the fundamental questions of what it means to be human and how we should live. An examination of Wilder's four full-length plays—Our Town, The Skin of Our Teeth, The Matchmaker, and The Alcestiad—along with his seven novels—The Cabala, The Bridge of San Luis Rey, The Woman of Andros, Heaven's My Destination, The Ides of March, The Eighth Day, and Theophilus North—demonstrates that Wilder was above all a humanist who had hope, faith, and love for his fellow human beings.
Transcriptome analysis of flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower flowers grown under different light intensities
Authors: Ren Chaoxiang , Wang Jie , Xian Bin , Tang Xiaohui , Liu Xuyun , Hu Xueli , Hu Zunhong , Wu Yiyun , Chen Cuiping , Wu Qinghua , Chen Jiang , Pei Jin 
Published: February 2020

Background
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a domesticated species with a long history of cultivation and widespread distribution across the globe, and light plays an important role in controlling its distribution boundary. Flowers from safflower have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine because of their ability to improve cerebral blood flow. Flavonoids are the main active compounds in safflower and have many pharmacological effects. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between different light intensities and flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower flowers cultivated in greenhouse.

Methods
The transcriptome of safflower flowers grown under different light intensities were sequenced through BGISEQ-500 platform. After assembled and filtered, Unigenes were annotated by aligning with seven functional databases. Differential expression analysis of two samples was performed with the DEseq2 package. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related with flavonoids biosynthesis were analyzed by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Flavonoids accumulation in flowers were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometer.

Results
Transcriptome analysis of safflower flowers cultivated under different light intensities was performed. A total of 99.16 Gb data were obtained, and 78,179 Unigenes were annotated. Among the DEGs, 13 genes were related to flavonoid biosynthesis. The differential expressions of seven key genes were confirmed by RT-PCR. In addition, the levels of some flavonoids were measured in safflower flowers grown under different light intensities. CtHCT3 gene expression showed a significantly negative correlation with kaempferol content in safflower grown under different light intensities.

Conclusion
Our results strongly suggested that the reduction in light intensity in a suitable range promoted flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower flowers. We suggest that the expressions of HCT genes played an important role in flavonoid accumulation in safflower flowers. Our study lays a foundation for further research on the effects of light on flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower.
Consequences of a changing environment on the breeding phenology and reproductive success components in a long‐distance migratory bird
Authors: Reséndiz‐Infante Cynthia , Gauthier Gilles , Souchay Guillaume 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMigratory birds have a narrow time window to breed, especially in the Arctic, where early nesting typically yields the highest reproductive success. We assessed temporal changes (1991–2015) in reproductive success components in relation to timing of breeding in greater snow geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica). This species breeds in the Canadian Arctic, a region that has experienced a strong warming trend. We tested the effect of laying or hatching date, year and their interaction on six reproductive components: Total clutch laid, nesting success, egg survival, hatching success, prefledging, and postfledging survival. Over 25 years, mean laying date changed little, even though it advanced 1.8 days in early breeders and was delayed 3 days in late breeders. Likewise, the number of eggs in nests initiated early in the season decreased by 0.6 egg, whereas in late nests it increased by 0.3 egg. Success of nests initiated early and late in the season was lower than nests initiated near the population mean, and consistently increased over time. The proportion of eggs surviving to partial predation and postfledging survival decreased with laying date but the pattern did not change over time. In contrast, prefledging survival was not affected by laying date initially but declined in nests initiated late in the season toward the end of the study. Overall, nests initiated close to the population mean showed little temporal change for most components of reproductive success and seem to be less affected by environmental change than nests initiated early and late in the season.
Positive Effect of Ge Vacancies on Facilitating Band Convergence and Suppressing Bipolar Transport in GeTe‐Based Alloys for High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Li Peigen , Ding Teng , Li Junqin , Zhang Chunxiao , Dou Yubo , Li Yu , Hu Lipeng , Liu Fusheng , Zhang Chaohua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBecause the intrinsic Ge vacancies in GeTe usually lead to high hole concentration beyond the optimal range, many previous studies tend to consider Ge vacancies as negative effects on increasing the figure of merit ZT of GeTe‐based alloys, and consequently have proposed various approaches to suppress Ge vacancies. However, in this work, it is demonstrated that the Ge vacancies can have great positive effects on enhancing the ZT of GeTe‐based alloys when the hole concentration falls into the optimal range. First, hole concentration of GeTe is reduced close to the optimal range by co‐alloying of Pb and Bi, and then the Ge vacancies are increased by adding excess Te into the Ge0.8Pb0.1Bi0.1Te1+x. The Ge vacancies can cause lattice shrinkage and promote rhombohedral‐to‐cubic phase transition. As revealed by first‐principle calculations, theoretical simulations, and experimental tests, Ge vacancies can facilitate the band convergence, suppress the bipolar transport at higher temperature range, and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. Combining these effects, a peak ZT of 1.92 at 637 K and an average ZT of 1.34 within 300–773 K in Ge0.8Pb0.1Bi0.1Te1.06 can be obtained, demonstrating the great significance of utilizing vacancy‐type defects for enhancing ZT.
The Effects of Constriction Factor and Geometric Tortuosity on Li‐Ion Transport in Porous Solid‐State Li‐Ion Electrolytes
Authors: Hamann Tanner , Zhang Lei , Gong Yunhui , Godbey Griffin , Gritton Jack , McOwen Dennis , Hitz Gregory , Wachsman Eric 
Published: February 2020

Abstract3D focused ion beam tomography is used to analyze the microstructures of Li‐ion conducting Li6.75La2.75Ca0.25Zr1.5Nb0.5O12 (LLCZN) garnet porous electrolytes with different levels of porosity and the theoretical effective bulk conductivities of the electrolyte are calculated based on LLCZN volume fraction, constriction factor, geometric tortuosity, and percolation factor. The experimentally measured effective bulk conductivities are consistently lower than the theoretical values when assuming constant bulk conductivity, suggesting the bulk conductivity of the LLCZN decreased with increasing porosity. This work highlights the importance of understanding the full effects of altering the microstructure of solid‐state electrolytes, as this will play a key role in advancing Li‐ion battery technology to higher energy and power densities.
Biological Behavior Regulation of Gold Nanoparticles via the Protein Corona
Authors: Ma Yu , Hong Jin , Ding Ya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the difficulties in the translation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into clinical practice is the formation of the protein corona (PC) that causes the discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo performance of GNPs. The PC formed on the surface of GNPs gives them a biological identity instead of an initial synthetic one. In most instances, this biological identity increases the particle size, leads to more clearance by the reticuloendothelial system, and causes less uptake by target cells. However, the performance of GNPs can still be improved by rewriting their original surface chemistry via the PC. This review specifically focuses on discussing the main influence factors, including the biological environment and physicochemical properties of GNPs, which affect the production and status of the PC. The status of the PC such as the amount, thickness, and composition subsequently influence the biological behavior of GNPs, especially their cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, biodistribution, and tumor targeting. Further understanding and revealing the impacts of the PC on the biological behavior of GNPs can be a promising and important strategy to regulate and improve the performance of GNP‐based biosystems in the future.
Photolithographic Patterning of Organic Color‐Centers
Authors: Huang Zhongjie , Powell Lyndsey R. , Wu Xiaojian , Kim Mijin , Qu Haoran , Wang Peng , Fortner Jacob L. , Xu Beibei , Ng Allen L. , Wang YuHuang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganic color‐centers (OCCs) have emerged as promising single‐photon emitters for solid‐state quantum technologies, chemically specific sensing, and near‐infrared bioimaging. However, these quantum light sources are currently synthesized in bulk solution, lacking the spatial control required for on‐chip integration. The ability to pattern OCCs on solid substrates with high spatial precision and molecularly defined structure is essential to interface electronics and advance their quantum applications. Herein, a lithographic generation of OCCs on solid‐state semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotube films at spatially defined locations is presented. By using light‐driven diazoether chemistry, it is possible to directly pattern p‐nitroaryl OCCs, which demonstrate chemically specific spectral signatures at programmed positions as confirmed by Raman mapping and hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging. This light‐driven technique enables the fabrication of OCC arrays on solid films that fluoresce in the shortwave infrared and presents an important step toward the direct writing of quantum emitters and other functionalities at the molecular level.
Uncovering the Potential of M1‐Site‐Activated NASICON Cathodes for Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Pu , Zou Zheyi , Sun Xingwei , Wang Da , Ma Jun , Kong Qingyu , Xiao Dongdong , Gu Lin , Zhou Xinhong , Zhao Jingwen , Dong Shanmu , He Bing , Avdeev Maxim , Shi Siqi , Cui Guanglei , Chen Liquan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is a long‐standing consciousness that the rhombohedral NASICON‐type compounds as promising cathodes for Li+/Na+ batteries should have inactive M1(6b) sites with ion (de)intercalation occurring only in the M2 (18e) sites. Of particular significance is that M1 sites active for charge/discharge are commonly considered undesirable because the ion diffusion tends to be disrupted by the irregular occupation of channels, which accelerates the deterioration of battery. However, it is found that the structural stability can be substantially improved by the mixed occupation of Na+/Zn2+ at both M1 and M2 when using NaV2(PO4)3 (NVP) as a cathode for Zn‐ion batteries. The results of atomic‐scale scanning transmission electron microscopy, analysis of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, and an accurate bond‐valence‐based structural model reveal that the improvement is due to the facile migration of Zn2+ in NVP, which is enabled by a concerted Na+/Zn2+ transfer mechanism. In addition, significant improvement of the electronic conductivity and mechanical properties is achieved in Zn2+‐intercalated ZnNaV2(PO4)3 in comparison with those of Na3V2(PO4)3. This work not only provides in‐depth insight into Zn2+ intercalation and dynamics in NVP unlocked by activating the M1 sites, but also opens a new route toward design of improved NASICON cathodes.
Topological Engineering of Pt‐Group‐Metal‐Based Chiral Crystals toward High‐Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Yang Qun , Li Guowei , Manna Kaustuv , Fan Fengren , Felser Claudia , Sun Yan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that topological nontrivial surface states can favor heterogeneous catalysis processes such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but a further decrease in mass loading and an increase in activity are still highly challenging. The observation of massless chiral fermions associated with large topological charge and long Fermi arc (FA) surface states inspires the investigation of their relationship with the charge transfer and adsorption process in the HER. In this study, it is found that the HER efficiency of Pt‐group metals can be boosted significantly by introducing topological order. A giant nontrivial topological energy window and a long topological surface FA are expected at the surface when forming chiral crystals in the space group of P213 (#198). This makes the nontrivial topological features resistant to a large change in the applied overpotential. As HER catalysts, PtAl and PtGa chiral crystals show turnover frequencies as high as 5.6 and 17.1 s−1 and an overpotential as low as 14 and 13.3 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. These crystals outperform those of commercial Pt and nanostructured catalysts. This work opens a new avenue for the development of high‐efficiency catalysts with the strategy of topological engineering of excellent transitional catalytic materials.
Giant Nonlinear Optical Response in Triple Cation Halide Mixed Perovskite Films
Authors: Syed Hamad , Kong Wenchi , Mottamchetty Venkatesh , Lee Kwang   Jin , Yu Weili , Soma Venugopal Rao , Yang Jianjun , Guo Chunlei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe versatility of perovskites through chemical composition modification is critical for enhancing performance of a range of potential applications such as light emitters and integrated photovoltaics. However, a systematic study on the nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of these perovskites is still lacking. Here, for the first time, the NLO properties of triple cation mixed halide perovskite (TCMHP) films, (Cs0.06FA0.79MA0.15)Pb (I0.85Br0.15)3, using Z‐scan and time‐resolved spectroscopy, are investigated. It is found that TCMHP film shows strong saturable absorption at 395 nm, reverse saturable absorption such as two‐ and three‐photon absorption (2PA, 3PA) at 790 nm (near the bandgap), and 3PA at 1200 nm. The 3PA phenomena at 790 nm are attributed to the phonon‐assisted anti‐Stokes process. The 2PA and 3PA coefficients are estimated to be ≈2.1 cm MW−1 and ≈900 cm3 GW−2, respectively, which are an order of magnitude larger than those of MAPbI3 and other perovskites. Moreover, it is demonstrated that these giant 2PA and 3PA coefficients of TCMHP can be used to realize optical stabilization. The observed strong multiphoton absorption response will enable TCMHP materials to be suitable for various nonlinear optical applications such as multiphoton‐based imaging, optical modulator, and all‐optical switching devices.