bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal modeling and validation for EV battery packs in realistic operation conditions
Authors: Chen Hu , Zhu Linpei , Liu Jing , Xiong Fei , Wei Dan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Battery pack is one of the most important components of electrical vehicles (EV). The safety, aging and life of battery packs are significantly related to its thermal behavior. This work concerns with thermal behavior of an EV battery pack for realistic engineering applications. The Bernardi’s heat generation model with the consideration of reversible heat is employed and validated by tests and numerical simulation on battery cells. Then the validated cell model is applied to an EV battery pack with cooling system underneath for the study of thermal behavior in a realistic operation condition, and numerical results are in good agreement with the test results.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis for Aerodynamic Devices of FSAE Racing Car
Authors: Deng Zhaowen , Yu Sijia , Wu Chao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Improving the aerodynamic characteristics of racing cars is one of the important means to improve the performance of FSAE.This paper completed the FSAE car body and aerodynamics device design and development, based on the CFD technology in the car’s aerodynamic characteristics are studied.Through the analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of the car body with and without aerodynamic devices, and the comparative analysis of airflow pressure and velocity distribution around the car body and aerodynamic devices, the simulation results show that the aerodynamic devices effectively improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the car, and better improve the control stability and driving safety of the car.
Experimental and numerical study on the free surface vortex of a mixed flow pump device model
Authors: Zhang Zilong , Liu Houlin , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Because of the advantages of small installation space, good cavitation performance, low cost and easy maintenance, the open channel pump station is widely used in agricultural production, flood control and ecological construction. In the process of operation, large-scale vortices such as wall vortex, bottom vortex and surface vortex easily appear. Under special working conditions, the head and efficiency of the pump station will be reduced, cavitation will occur at the blades, shafting will move, and the unit will vibrate, which will reduce the service life and safety of the pump station. In this paper, the head, efficiency, flow characteristic and free surface vortex of a mixed flow pump device model in pumping station under different water level and flowrates are studied numerically and experimentally, providing experience and theoretical reference for the design of the pumping station.
Analysis of Elbow Effect on the High Pressure Gas Pipe
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Huang Haifeng , Hu Kun , Zhang Ping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
For the problem of the pressure drop loss and the equivalent length calculation of elbows in submarine high pressure pipelines, the flow processes of ultra-high pressure gas in 90° elbows were numerically simulated by the way of CFD. The inner flow area was meshed with structured hexahedral grid, and by means of the numerical solution to deal with the RANS equations closed by RNG k-ε turbulence model, the flow field characteristics inside the pipe was studied, and the pressure distribution was obtained. The calculated results are consistent with the numerical simulation and model experiment results carried out by other scholars. Simulation results show that the total pressure loss of the pipe will be increased greatly due to the partial pressure loss caused by elbows. Besides, the feasibility and availability of simulating the flow characteristics of the ultra-high pressure gas inside the elbows by RNG k-ϵ turbulence model were verified.
Research on Calculation of Thermal Resistance of Water-Cooling Radiator of Cooling Tower of Thermal Power Plant Based on Fluid Software Fluent
Authors: Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper introduces the method of calculating the thermal resistance and thermal resistance of high-power water-cooled radiators in cooling towers of thermal power plants using computational fluid software (CDF) Fluent. By solving the three-dimensional unsteady flow field and thermal field, the thermal resistance and thermal resistance value of the water cooling radiator of the cooling tower of the thermal power plant under different flow rates are calculated, which provides the temperature calculation for the steady state and dynamic process of the high-power inverter in accordance with.
Ever-increasing agricultural land and water productivity: a global multi-crop analysis
Authors: Tuninetti Marta , Ridolfi Luca , Laio Francesco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Producing more nutritious food with less resources, while preserving the natural ecosystems, is a key challenge of our society. In this paper we propose a macronutrient-based indicator of productivity, the nutrient land productivity (NLP), to measure the amount of calories, proteins, and fats produced per hectare of cropland. Over the period 1961−2016, we find that the global NLP has increased by 2.7–2.9% per year for calories and proteins, and between 2.1 and 4.6% for fats. However, such rates exhibit significant spatial patterns throughout the world depending on whether farmers adopted intensification (e.g. Eastern and South Asia, North America) or extensification (e.g. Sub-Saharan Africa) practices to boost nutrients production. Our outcomes, based on a production basket including 144 crops, show that cereals and pulses cultivations have been dominated by intensification practices coupled with a stable or decreasing harvested area. Conversely, for fruits and nuts cultivations extensification prevailed over intensification, while for oil crops most cultivations experienced a coupled action of the two practises. Finally, by coupling the NLP indicator with its nutrient water productivity (NWP) counterpart, we find that NWP has mainly changed following land patterns, with the exception of locations having undergone significant crop substitutions, namely from less toward more water demanding crops. Indeed, the transition toward perennial crops has increased the evapotranspiration demand over cultivated land by 14% on a global average.
Reconciling forest profitability and biodiversity conservation under disturbance risk: the role of forest management and salvage logging
Authors: Augustynczik Andrey L D , Asbeck Thomas , Basile Marco , Jonker Marlotte , Knuff Anna , Yousefpour Rasoul , Hanewinkel Marc 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Forest management and disturbances are among the main drivers of changes in forest dynamics in temperate ecosystems. To promote and maintain forest multifunctionality and species persistence in the landscape, it is critical that the interactions between these factors and forest biodiversity are disentangled. Still, the relationships between disturbances and forest management are poorly understood and may hinder an adequate planning of management and conservation actions in these forests. Here we address this issue via a coupled ecological-economic modeling system under different climate change scenarios. We employed data from a large-scale field-based research in southwestern Germany, in combination with a climate-sensitive forest growth model. Thereby, we quantified changes in multiple biodiversity indicators (including richness of birds, bats and flying insect orders) and tree microhabitats (TreMs) in the face of disturbance and management interventions. Our results show that windstorms may cause economic damage in managed forests, but at the same time improve biodiversity indicators in these areas. Salvage logging, however, may dampen these positive impacts for the majority of indicators considered. Moreover, management solutions targeting at wind risk mitigation may be detrimental to some taxa (e.g. forest birds) but still performed better than the business-as-usual management, in terms of the biodiversity indicators applied. We conclude that considering disturbance impacts on forest dynamics will be key to maintain the sustainability in the use of forest resources and support species persistence in temperate forest landscapes.
Hearing the shape of inequivalent spin structures and exotic Dirac operators
Authors: da Rocha R , Tomaz A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Exotic spinor fields arise from inequivalent spin structures on non-trivial topological manifolds, M. This induces an additional term in the Dirac operator, defined by the cohomology group

H

1

(

M
,

Z

2

)

that rules a

C

̌

ech cohomology class. This formalism is extended for manifolds of any finite dimension, endowed with a metric of arbitrary signature. The exotic corrections to heat kernel coefficients, relating spectral properties of exotic Dirac operators to the geometric invariants of M, are derived and scrutinized.
Sequences of lower bounds for entropic uncertainty relations from bistochastic maps
Authors: Giorda Paolo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Given two orthonormal bases

A

and

B

, the basic form of the entropic uncertainty principle is stated in terms of the sum of the Shannon entropies of the probabilities of measuring

A

and

B

onto a given quantum state. State independent lower bounds for this sum encapsulate the degree of incompatibility of the observables diagonal in the

A

and

B

bases, and are usually derived by extracting as much information as possible from the unitary operator U connecting the two bases. Here we show a strategy to derive sequences of lower bounds based on alternating sequences of measurements onto

A

and

B

. The problem can be mapped into the multiple application of bistochastic processes that can be described by the powers of the unistochastic matrices directly derivable from U. By means of several examples we study the applicability of the method. The results obtained show that the strategy can allow for an advantage both in the pure state and in the mixed state scenario. The sequence of lower bounds is obtained with resources which are polynomial in the dimension of the underlying Hilbert space, and it is thus suitable for studying high dimensional cases.
Energy Efficiency of the Russian Regional Economy (a case study of the Sverdlovsk Region)
Authors: Teslyuk L , Boyarinov A , Dukmasova N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Today, Russia has the second highest value of GDP energy intensity in the world. Among many factors that determine this indicator, special mention can be made of low use efficiency of the fuel and energy resources. This leads to a decreased competitiveness of the national economy. The aim of this paper is to identify practical challenges that serve as a barrier to the reduction of specific energy consumption and to respond with optimal solutions at the level of a territorial entity of Russia (the Sverdlovsk region). The analysis of the fuel and energy balances and the gross regional product between 2015 and 2018 enabled us to identify the changes in the pattern of fuel and energy resources consumption in individual sectors of economy, as well as influencing factors. Special attention is given to the dynamics of average specific energy consumption indicators and to the status of communal infrastructure in the housing and community amenities sector. The study revealed that reduction of technical and commercial losses due to modernization of communal systems and implementation of energy-saving technologies can be achieved through efficient management via further development of public private partnership.
City railways – who are their passengers?
Authors: Pokusaev Oleg , Chekmarev Alexander , Namiot Dmitry 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the approaches to forecasting of passenger flows for new lines of the city railway are analyzed. The article analyzes the experience gained in designing of Moscow central diameters, in the modeling and analysis of their integration with the Moscow Metro and ground urban passenger transport. The main attention is paid to how modern telecommunication technologies make it possible to measure various movements of mobile subscribers, who are passengers, quite accurately. It is the development of telecommunication technologies that is changing the approaches to solving transport problems. What used to be seen as a goal for most transport tasks and was a forecasting goal has now become raw data and can be accurately measured. The article considers what the analysis of transport flows in a modern city now looks like.
Assessment of Automobile Transport-related Pollution in Cities at Low Ambient Air Temperatures
Authors: Gavaev Aleksandr S , Ertman Sergei A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article covers a number of issues related to identification of environmental pollution with combustion gas emissions from vehicle engines in urban areas at low ambient air temperatures. Ambient air quality in urban living areas depends on elimination of adverse impact of traffic-related pollution on environmental well-being of citizens. This article gives an overview of dependences of the number of vehicles warmed up at night time and in the morning at ambient air temperatures below zero. Massive emissions subject to ambient air temperature for open air car parking have been determined. It has been established that most of car owners violate the Russian Federation legislation in terms of failure to comply with its bylaw, namely the Traffic Regulations. Based on the results of the conducted study, certain measures have been provided to identify law violators and to strengthen control of compliance with the Traffic Regulations. While discussing the study results a suggestion has been formulated that inevitability of punishment will contribute to raising effectiveness of environmental pollution control in large cities. Cultivation of environmental policy and management system should also be kept in line with up-to-date international needs and requirements and enable effectiveness and efficiency of environmental-related activities in the state.
Natural Factors of Sustainable Development of the Central-Black-Earth District
Authors: Krupko A E , Rogozina R E , Fetisov Yu M , Derevyagina M V , Shentseva L N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the issues of sustainable development of the region by the example of one of the old-developed economic regions of Russia - Central Black Earth, gives an analysis of the state of natural resources subjected to the active anthropogenic impact, reveals the factors and problems of using the main types of resources, shows the directions for their conservation and possible optimization.
Influence of Technogenic Pollution on the Pigments Concentration in the Black Poplar Leaves (Populus nigra L.) in Biiysk
Authors: Sokolova G G , Khlebova L P , Kalgina M V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the content of pigments in the leaves of black poplar growing along the auto roads in Biysk. The increase in technogenic pollution contributes to the change in the amount and ratio of basic and additional pigments. Compared with the control, a significant decrease in the content of chlorophyll a and the ratio of chlorophyll a/b, a significant increase in the content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids were revealed.
Features of Bioecology of Tree Species Intended for the Implementation of the National Project “Improvement of the Volga” in the Volgograd Region
Authors: Iozus A P , Boyko S Yu , Zavyalov A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Within the framework of the implementation of the national project “Improvement of the Volga”, it is planned to create a system of water protective forest belts along the banks of the Volga River. On the territory of the Volgograd region, forest strips will have to be created on unproductive, saline, gravelly and eroded soils. Therefore, to create plantings, we suggest using planting material selected as a result of many years of selection work, characterized by increased salt tolerance, frost resistance and durability. In extreme soil and climatic conditions of the region, when selecting an assortment of protective forest stands, the additive effect of salinization and drought on tree-shrub vegetation should be taken into account, especially on saline soils of low forest suitability. As a result of the research, it was possible to identify groups of tree species by the degree of increase in salt tolerance, which will allow introducing into the protective forest stands the sustainable and durable species and forms of woody plants created under the project.
Rising to the challenge: Pharmacy residents on the front lines during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Uchida Emma , Long-Fazio Bianca , Marshall John , Fortier Christopher 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To provide pharmacy residents’ perspective on how the department of pharmacy at a large academic medical center prepared and managed the surge in admissions of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to describe how residents were trained for intensive care unit (ICU) staffing, and to provide recommendations on how residency programs nationally could navigate a second wave of COVID-19 admissions or other disaster response situations.

Summary
The majority of postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residents at the institution were trained for ICU staffing and deployed throughout the hospital to ICU units converted to dedicated COVID-19 ICUs to assist in patient care. The training process included live videoconference lectures about relevant ICU topics and on-site experiences with critical care clinical pharmacists. Based on their experience in training for and participating in ICU care of patients with COVID-19, the pharmacy residents recommend considering additional cross-training of residents, integration of additional clinical education, creation of opportunities for resident involvement in telehealth, advancement of residents’ roles in emergency responses, building robust mental health services, and continued advocacy for the advancement of pharmacists’ and pharmacy residents’ scope of practice.

Conclusion
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the institution to reevaluate the allocation of resources, and the department of pharmacy elected to deploy PGY1 pharmacy residents with previous ICU experience to assist in caring for an ICU patient census that had doubled. This experience will be valuable in preparing for another potential wave of COVID-19 cases and a surge in admissions of other groups of patients who deferred care due to the pandemic.
Evidence of Absence: Bayesian Way to Reveal True Zeros Among Occupational Exposures
Authors: Lavoue Jerome , Burstyn Igor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesWorkplace exposure measurements typically contain some observations below limit of detection. The current paradigm for exposure data interpretation relies on the lognormal distribution, where censored observation are assumed to be present but not quantifiable. However, there are setting were such assumptions are untenable and true zero exposures cannot be ruled out. This issue can be non-trivial because decisions about compliance depend on the adequacy of the lognormal model.MethodsWe adapted previously described statistical models for mixture of true zeros and lognormal distribution to function within Bayesian procedure that overcomes historical limitations that precluded them from being used in practice. We compared the performance of the new models and the traditional lognormal model in simulation. Their implementation is illustrated in diverse datasets.ResultsThe approach we propose involves estimating the proportion of true zeroes, and the geometric mean and standard deviation of the lognormal component of the mixture. This can be implemented in practice either based on the truncated lognormal model fit to the observed data, or on the censored Bernoulli-lognormal mixture model, which has the advantage of allowing for multiple censoring points. Both models can be implemented via a free online application. In simulations, when none of the censored values were zeros, all estimation procedures led to similar risk assessment. However, when all or most of the censored values were zeros, the traditional approach that assumes lognormal distribution performed noticeably worse than newly proposed methods, typically overestimating noncompliance. Application to real data suggests that we cannot rule out presence of true zero exposures in typical measurement series gathered by occupational hygienists.ConclusionsForcing the usual lognormal model to data containing a large proportion of censored values can bias risk assessment if a substantial part of the censored points are true zeroes. The Bernoulli-lognormal model is a suitable and accessible model that can account for such challenging data, and leads to unbiased risk assessments regardless of the presence of true zeros in the data.
Effects of fragmentation of clones compound over vegetative generations in the floating plantPistia stratiotes
Authors: Adomako Michael Opoku , Alpert Peter , Du Dao-Lin , Yu Fei-Hai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsClonal plants dominate many plant communities, especially in aquatic systems, and clonality appears to promote invasiveness and to affect how diversity changes in response to disturbance and resource availability. Understanding how the special physiological and morphological properties of clonal growth lead to these ecological effects depends upon studying the long-term consequences of clonal growth properties across vegetative generations, but this has rarely been done. This study aimed to show how a key clonal property, physiological integration between connected ramets within clones, affects the response of clones to disturbance and resources in an aquatic, invasive, dominant species across multiple generations.MethodsSingle, parental ramets of the floating stoloniferous plant Pistia stratiotes were grown for 3 weeks, during which they produced two or three generations of offspring; connections between new ramets were cut or left intact. Individual offspring were then used as parents in a second 3-week iteration that crossed fragmentation with previous fragmentation in the first iteration. A third iteration yielded eight treatment combinations, zero to three rounds of fragmentation at different times in the past. The experiment was run once at a high and once at a low level of nutrients.ResultsIn each iteration, fragmentation increased biomass of the parental ramet, decreased biomass of the offspring and increased number of offspring. These effects persisted and compounded from one iteration to another, though more recent fragmentation had stronger effects, and were stronger at the low than at the high nutrient level. Fragmentation did not affect net accumulation of mass by groups after one iteration but increased it after two iterations at low nutrients, and after three iterations at both nutrient levels.ConclusionsBoth the positive and negative effects of fragmentation on clonal performance can compound and persist over time and can be stronger when resource levels are lower. Even when fragmentation has no short-term net effect on clonal performance, it can have a longer-term effect. In some cases, fragmentation may increase total accumulation of mass by a clone. The results provide the first demonstration of how physiological integration in clonal plants can affect fitness across generations and suggest that increased disturbance may promote invasion of introduced clonal species via effects on integration, perhaps especially at lower nutrient levels.