bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The diagnostic value of combined dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in characterization of parotid gland tumors
Authors: EL-Adalany Mohamed Ali , Mousa Amany Ezzat Mohamed , EL-Metwally Dina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
MRI is considered to be the imaging modality of choice in preoperative diagnosis of parotid gland tumors and differentiating benign from malignant ones. Recently, functional MR imaging sequences including dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE- MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have significantly contributed to the diagnosis of head and neck masses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of combined DCE-MRI and DWI in characterization of parotid gland tumors.

Results
There was significant difference between benign and malignant parotid gland tumors as regard the type of time intensity curve (TIC) (P < 0.001). There was significant difference between pleomorphic adenoma (PMA) and malignant parotid gland tumors (MT) as regard mean ADC value (P = 0.046) and TTP (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between Warthin’s tumor (WT) and malignant parotid gland tumors as regard the ADC value and TTP (P > 0.5); on the other hand, WT usually have high WR when compared with MT (P = 0.004). Combined use of DCE-MRI and DWI had 100% sensitivity, 90.5% specificity, and 93.3% accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant parotid gland tumors.

Conclusion
Combined use of DCE-MRI and DWI could result in high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in characterization of parotid gland tumors.
Airflow limitation: is there a correlation between spirometry and quantitative computed tomography measurements in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Authors: Mahros Mohamed , Hosny Hossam , Ismail Ayman , Moussa Heba 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The ability of computed tomography (CT) in illustrating the pathology of lung parenchyma in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was discussed previously in many articles. However, the correlation between airflow limitation that is evaluated by spirometry and its corresponding airway diameter that is measured by multislice computed tomography (MSCT) still under investigation. Therefore, the objective of our study was to answer the questions about possible correlation between forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC%), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow25–75% (PEF25–75%), both before bronchodilator and post it with the diameters of airway at 3 different levels either during inspiratory or expiratory phase of respiration.

Results
The quantitative MSCT results at RB1 (apical bronchus of the right upper lobe), RB10 (the posterior basal bronchus of the right lower lobe), and LB3 (the anterior bronchus of the left upper lobe) showed weak positive correlation with FEV1% during inspiratory phase of respiration (r = 0.19, 0.20, and 0.18; P = 0.23, 0.22, and 0.26 respectively), but this correlation became more stronger and significant during expiratory phase of respiration (r = 0.76, 0.78, and 0.66; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Expiratory CT parameters were significantly correlated with the predicted peak expiratory flow in 1 s.
Abuse, self-harm and suicidal ideation in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Iob Eleonora , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis study explored patterns of abuse, self-harm and thoughts of suicide/self-harm in the UK during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic using data from the COVID-19 Social Study (n=44 775), a non-probability sample weighted to population proportions. The reported frequency of abuse, self-harm and thoughts of suicide/self-harm was higher among women, Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups and people experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage, unemployment, disability, chronic physical illnesses, mental disorders and COVID-19 diagnosis. Psychiatric medications were the most common type of support being used, but fewer than half of those affected were accessing formal or informal support.
CENP-B creates alternative epigenetic chromatin states permissive for CENP-A or heterochromatin assembly
Authors: Otake Koichiro , Ohzeki Jun-ichirou , Shono Nobuaki , Kugou Kazuto , Okazaki Koei , Nagase Takahiro , Yamakawa Hisashi , Kouprina Natalay , Larionov Vladimir , Kimura Hiroshi , Earnshaw William C. , Masumoto Hiroshi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
CENP-B binds to CENP-B boxes on centromeric satellite DNAs (known as alphoid DNA in humans). CENP-B maintains kinetochore function through interactions with CENP-A nucleosomes and CENP-C. CENP-B binding to transfected alphoid DNA can induce de novo CENP-A assembly, functional centromere and kinetochore formation, and subsequent human artificial chromosome (HAC) formation. Furthermore, CENP-B also facilitates H3K9 (histone H3 lysine 9) trimethylation on alphoid DNA, mediated by Suv39h1, at ectopic alphoid DNA integration sites. Excessive heterochromatin invasion into centromere chromatin suppresses CENP-A assembly. It is unclear how CENP-B controls such different chromatin states. Here, we show that the CENP-B acidic domain recruits histone chaperones and many chromatin modifiers, including the H3K36 methylase ASH1L, as well as the heterochromatin components Suv39h1 and HP1 (HP1α, β and γ, also known as CBX5, CBX1 and CBX3, respectively). ASH1L facilitates the formation of open chromatin competent for CENP-A assembly on alphoid DNA. These results indicate that CENP-B is a nexus for histone modifiers that alternatively promote or suppress CENP-A assembly by mutually exclusive mechanisms. Besides the DNA-binding domain, the CENP-B acidic domain also facilitates CENP-A assembly de novo on transfected alphoid DNA. CENP-B therefore balances CENP-A assembly and heterochromatin formation on satellite DNA.
Humanitarian approach as a scientific problem
Authors: Andreev Anatoliy , Artemyeva Svetlana 
Published: July 2020

The authors of the article reflect on the situation of aggravation of contradictions between the material needs of the individual and the spiritual and informational needs of the individual. Methodology in the Humanities has long been interpreted as a technological side, ignoring the ethical plan. Meanwhile, the picture of the world and the system of humanistic values are determined by the information structure of the individual-personocentrism. The type of information management (conscious or unconscious) depends on the state of this structure. It is proposed to realize personocentrism as a scientific and humanitarian approach, where the object of research is the action of humanitarian laws of thinking, and the subject of research is their manifestation in certain humanitarian disciplines. Given that in the Humanities research deals with the manifestations of the phenomenon being studied-texts, the humanitarian approach is manifested by the interpretation of the text and the construction of theories. For thinking, these are texts of reasoning that lead to theoretical constructions and substantiation of premises and conclusions. [5]
Setting out the vision of overcoming the lag in the progress of informational (spiritual-rational) human development in the information age, the authors attempt to formulate "humanitarian laws", which in fact do not exist, but there are only their manifestations in various forms of humanitarian knowledge through the laws of dialectics in the Sciences, in which there are no laws – the human Sciences. As a result of these reflections, there is a conscious need to introduce the human information structure (personocentrism) as an educational subject into the educational programs of schools and universities.
Dynamic contrast in scanning microscopic OCT
Authors: Münter Michael , vom Endt Malte , Pieper Mario , Casper Malte , Ahrens Martin , Kohlfaerber Tabea , Rahmanzadeh Ramtin , König Peter , Hüttmann Gereon , Schulz-Hildebrandt Hinnerk 
Published: July 2020

While optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a resolution down to
1 µm, it has difficulties in visualizing cellular structures due to a
lack of scattering contrast. By evaluating signal fluctuations, a
significant contrast enhancement was demonstrated using time-domain
full-field OCT (FF-OCT), which makes cellular and subcellular
structures visible. The putative cause of the dynamic OCT signal is
the site-dependent active motion of cellular structures in a
sub-micrometer range, which provides histology-like contrast. Here we
demonstrate dynamic contrast with a scanning frequency-domain OCT
(FD-OCT), which we believe has crucial advantages. Given the inherent
sectional imaging geometry, scanning FD-OCT provides depth-resolved
images across tissue layers, a perspective known from histopathology,
much faster and more efficiently than FF-OCT. Both shorter acquisition
times and tomographic depth-sectioning reduce the sensitivity of
dynamic contrast for bulk tissue motion artifacts and simplify their
correction in post-processing. Dynamic contrast makes microscopic
FD-OCT a promising tool for the histological analysis of unstained
tissues.
Digital twin-enabled self-evolved optical transceiver using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Danshi , Zhang Min , Cui Siheng 
Published: July 2020

Due to their high flexibility, programmable optical transceivers (POT) are regarded as one of the key optical components in optical fiber communications, where diverse transceiver freedom degrees can be controlled according to real-time network states. However, the adaptivity of classic POT modeling and controlling is limited to the prior-knowledge-dependent quality of the transmission estimation model or uncomprehensive training dataset, which has great difficulties in enabling adaptive POT modeling and controlling to evolve with time-varied network states. Here, a powerful dynamic modeling technique called digital twin (DT), enabled by the deep reinforcement learning (DRL), is first proposed for the adaptive POT modeling and controlling, to the best of our knowledge. The experimental and simulation results show that the lowest spectrum consumption and minimum latency are both available in the proposed POT, compared with the classic POTs based on neural networks and maximum capability provisioning. We believe that the proposed DT will open a new avenue for the adaptive optical component modeling and controlling for dynamic optical networks.
Akumulasi Biomasa Fitoplankton yang Diukur sebagai Klorofil-a di Perairan Teluk Doreri, Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Alianto Alianto , Kambanussy Yorry , Sembel Luky , Hamuna Baigo 
Published: July 2020

The accumulation of phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll-a is highly depends on the availability of ammonia and silicate in the waters. The purpuses of the study were examining the concentration of chlorophyll-a and its relation with ammonia and silicate in the waters of Doreri Bay, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. Water sampling is carried out at 10 stations. Parameters measured include chlorophyll-a, ammonia and silicate. The measurement results of chlorophyll-a concentration ranged from 0.23-3.77 μg/L with an meanof 0.82 μg/L. Ammonia and silicate concentrations ranged from 2.35-4.11 μM with an mean of 2.64 μM and 2.00-7.50 μM with an mean of 3.91 μM, respectively. The relationships of chlorophyll-a concentration with ammonia and silicate showed positive and negative relationships, respectively. Akumulasi biomasa fitoplankton yang diukur sebagai klorofil-a sangat tergantung pada ketersediaan amonia dan silikat di perairan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi klorofil-a serta hubungannya dengan amonia dan silikat di perairan Teluk Doreri, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat. Pengambilan contoh air dilakukan pada 10 stasiun. Parameter yang diukur meliputi klorofil-a, amonia dan silikat. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi klorofil-a berkisar dari 0,23-3,77 μg/L dengan rata-rata sebesar 0,82 μg/L. Konsentrasi amonia dan silikat secara berturut-turut berkisar dari 2,35-4,11 μM dengan rata-rata sebesar 2,64 μM dan 2,00-7,50 μM dengan rata-rata sebesar 3,91μM. Hubungan konsentrasi klorofil-a dengan amonia dan silikat secara berturut-turut menunjukkan hubungan positif dan negatif.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Rhizophora mucronata Poiret terhadap Salmonella thypi, Lignières 1900 (Enterobacteriaceae : Gammaproteobacteria)
Authors: Mahmiah Mahmiah , Rama Serdian Pinaris , Riwanti Pramudita 
Published: July 2020

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine caused by Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C. Antibiotics commonly used for Salmonella infections are fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. However, Salmonella has been resistant to these antibiotics. The many occurrences of antibiotic resistance encourage researchers to find solutions. Rhizophora mucronata is a mangrove from the family Rhizophoraceae. Phytochemically, Rhizophora mucronata is rich in many kinds of compounds such as tannins, alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids and saponins which important in suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata bark against the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria looked at the clear zone around the well. This research is an experimental laboratory study using the well diffusion method. Rhizophora mucronata bark samples were extracted by maceration method. The results is the inhibition zone diameter methanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata bark with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (b / v) classified as moderate (9.22 mm) to strong (13.78 mm) , the greater the concentration, the greater the diameter of the inhibition zone. Demam tifoid adalah penyakit infeksi akut usus halus yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi atau Salmonella paratyphi A, B dan C. Antibiotik yang umum digunakan dalam penatalaksanaan infeksi bakteri yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella adalah fluoroquinolones dan tetrasiklin. Akan tetapi, Salmonella telah mengalami resisten terhadap antibiotik tersebut. Rhizophora mucronata merupakan mangrove dari famili Rhizophoraceae. Secara fitokimia, Rhizophora mucronata kaya dengan beberapa macam senyawa seperti tannin, alkaloid, flavanoid, terpenoid dan saponin yang berperan penting dalam menekan mikroorganisme patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol kulit batang Rhizophora mucronata terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan melihat adanya zona bening disekitar sumuran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratories dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Sampel kulit batang Rhizophora mucronata dilakukan ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan oleh ekstrak metanol kulit batang Rhizophora mucronata dengan konsentrasi 20 %, 40 %, 60 % dan 80 % (b/v) tergolong sedang (9,22 mm) hingga kuat (13,78 mm), semakin besar kosentrasi maka semakin besar juga diameter zona hambatnya.
Komposisi Pigmen pada Ulva sp., Padina australis dan Hypnea sp. dari Pantai Tablolong Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Pesang Martice Desi , Ngginak James , Kase Alfred Gasper Onisimus , Bisilissin Coni Lisandra Balle 
Published: July 2020

Indonesia has marine biological natural resources consisting of fish, seaweed, crabs and shrimp which are very potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of pigments in Ulva sp (Chlorophyta), Padina australis (Paeophyta) and Hypnea sp (Rhodophyta) obtained from Tablolong waters. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Proof of pigment in samples using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results of pigment analysis of Ulva sp obtained twelve color spots with identified pigment types consisting of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll, b-carotene and feofitin. The pigment content identified in Padina australis samples are chlorophyll b, feoforbid, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, carotene and feofitin a. The types of pigments identified in Ulva sp include pigment chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and feofitin from the total color spots formed. Based on the results of this study concluded that non-cultivated seaweed obtained from Tablolong waters contains carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments. Suggestions from this study are expected to do an analysis of pigment content analysis in the dry season time period and continued with antioxidant testing. Indonesia memiliki Sumber Daya Alam hayati laut yang terdiri dari ikan, rumput laut, kepiting dan udang yang sangat potensial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi pigmen pada Ulva sp (Chlorophyta), Padina australis (Paeophyta) dan Hypnea sp (Rhodophyta) yang diperoleh dari perairan Tablolong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pembuktian pigmen pada sampel menggunakan Kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Hasil analisis pigmen dari Ulva sp diperoleh dua belas spot warna dengan jenis pigmen yang teridentifikasi terdiri dari klorofil a, klorofil b, xantofil, b-karoten dan feofitin. Kandungan pigmen yang teridentifikasi pada sampel Padina australis adalah klorofil b, feoforbid, xantofil, klorofil a, karoten dan feofitin a. Jenis pigmen yang teridentifikasi pada Ulva sp meliputi pigmen klorofil a, klorofil b, karoten dan feofitin dari total spot warna yang terbentuk. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa rumput laut non budidaya yang diperoleh dari perairan Tablolong memiliki kandungan pigmen karotenoid dan klorofil. Saran dari penelitian ini diharapkan dilakukan peneltian analisis kandungan pigmen pada periode waktu musim kemarau serta dilanjutkan dengan uji antioksidan.
Penentuan Cepat Toksisitas Logam Perak Menggunakan Bioluminesen Bakteri Laut Aliivibrio fischeri, Beijerinck, 1889 (Gammaproteobacteria: Vibrionaceae)
Authors: Futra Dedi , Heng Lee Yook , Ahmad Asmat 
Published: July 2020

Rapid determination of toxicity based on changes in the bioluminescent signal of marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri) to evaluate toxicity of Ag(I) has been successfully developed. Assessment of toxicity was designed using inhibition of bioluminescent signal from A. fischeri bacteria, which was exposed with toxic material of Ag(I). This metal ion was utilized as a model of toxic material to evaluate the effects of cytotoxicity on bacteria cell. Measurement of bioluminescent were taken based on differences in bacterial cell signals before and after exposure to Ag(I) ion at an emission wavelength of 488±2 nm. The concentration of bacterial cell was used to assess the toxicity of Ag(I) at optical density (OD600 nm) of 0.78 Abs. The results found that the linear response of Ag toxicity was in the range of 0.05–10 mg/L, with EC50% of 8.42 mg/L for 4 minutes. The repeatability value within the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.5-4.7% (n=8). The results demonstrated that the marine bacteria of A. fischeri have good potential to evaluate toxicity of toxic material in environmental samples. Penentuan cepat toksisitas berdasarkan perubahan sinyal bioluminesen bakteri laut Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri) untuk mengevaluasi toksisitas logam perak (Ag(I)) telah sukses dikembangkan. Penilaian toksisitas didesain berdasarkan penghambatan sinyal bioluminesen bakteri A. fischeri oleh bahan toksik. Ion logam Ag(I) digunakan sebagai model bahan toksik untuk menilai efek sitotiksisitas pada sel bakteri. Pengukuran bioluminesen diambil berdasarkan perbedaan sinyal sel bakteri sebelum dan sesudah diekspos pada ion logam Ag(I) pada panjang gelombang emisi 488±2 nm. Konsentrasi sel bakteri yang digunakan untuk menilai toksisitas Ag(I) pada optikal densitas 600 (OD 600 nm) = 0.78 Abs. Hasil kajian ditemukan bahwa respons linear toksisitas Ag(I) pada rentang 0.05–10 mg/L, dengan nilai EC50% sebesar 8.42 mg/L pada waktu respons 4 menit dan nilai repeatibilitas toksisitas diperoleh sebesar 2.5-4.7 % RSD (relatif standar deviasi, n=8). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri laut A. fischeri memiliki potensi yang baik untuk menilai toksisitas bahan toksik dalam sampel lingkungan.
Sebaran Spasial Suhu, Salinitas dan Densitas di Perairan Kepulauan Sangihe Talaud Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Ismail Mochamad Furqon Azis , Taofiqurohman Ankiq 
Published: July 2020

The Sangihe Talaud waters are part of the toll road of the Indonesian Throughflow, which has an important role in the transport of seawater properties from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. To understand the distribution pattern of physical oceanography parameters namely temperature, salinity, density around the waters of Sangihe Talaud, the research expedition Widya Nusantara Expedition (EWIN) has been conducted using the research vessel Baruna Jaya VIII. The temperature, salinity, and density of the seawater were measured using the CTD Seabird 911plus instrument at 33 stations distributed on the Sangihe Talaud waters. The results of the temperature analysis showed the presence of surface temperature zoning between the Sulawesi Sea and the north of the Maluku Sea, while the salinity distribution showed a low to high salinity gradient from the east to the west side of the Sangihe Talaud waters. The density distribution represents three zones of surface density detected in the north of the Maluku Sea, the northeast side and the west side of the Sangihe and Talaud waters. Perairan kepulauan Sangihe Talaud merupakan bagian dari jalur tol laut Arus Lintas Indonesia yang memiliki peran penting dalam transpor properti air laut dari Samudera Pasifik ke Samudera Hindia. Untuk mengungkap pola sebaran parameter oseanografi fisik seperti suhu, salinitas dan densitas laut di perairan kepulauan Sangihe Talaud, telah dilakukan kegiatan penelitian Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara (EWIN) dengan menggunakan kapal riset Baruna Jaya VIII. Suhu, salinitas, dan densitas air laut diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen CTD Seabird 911Plus pada 33 stasiun pengamatan yang tersebar di perairan Kepulauan Sangihe Talaud. Hasil Analisa suhu menunjukan adanya zonasi sebaran suhu permukaan antara laut Sulawesi dan utara Laut Maluku, adapun sebaran salinitas menunjukan adanya gradien salinitas rendah ke tinggi dari sisi timur ke sisi barat perairan kepulauan Sangihe Talaud. Sedangkan sebaran densitas laut memperlihatkan adanya tiga zonasi densitas permukaan yang terdeteksi di utara Laut Maluku, sisi timur laut dan sisi barat perairan kepulauan Sangihe Talaud.
Searching for the unit of meaning: Knowledge construction in university small group talk
Authors: Pan Yun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious research has extensively addressed the relationship between collaborative knowledge construction and communicative language use. For interactive academic talk, a broad range of socio-cultural factors has been investigated to examine group dynamics for the construction of disciplinary or linguistic knowledge. What has been overlooked, however, is a focus on the basic unit of meaning for a cognitive interpretation of knowledge structures. This study is aimed to bridge the research gap by examining the semantic–pragmatic interface involved in collaborative knowledge construction in a Higher Educational setting. Using a specialized corpus of university small group talk, this study conducts an empirical linguistic inquiry into the participants’ discursive practice of drawing particular lexical concepts to invoke and manipulate knowledge structures for meaning negotiation. The research findings contribute to understanding the relationship between linguistically represented knowledge and the way language users conceptualize the academic world.