bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of phenylurea herbicides by tropical soils
Authors: Agbaogun Babatunde Kazeem , Fischer Klaus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe distribution of pesticides in soils with consequences for their mobility, bioavailability and water contamination is mainly ruled by sorption processes. Such processes are seldom investigated in tropical soils. Thus, specific interactions between tropical soils and most pesticides are widely unknown. Furthermore, the question arises whether the same factors govern adsorption in tropical and temperate soils. Thus, the sorption behaviour of five phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) was studied in eighteen differently composed soils originating from southwestern Nigeria. Sorption data were obtained by equilibrating the soil samples with 0.01 M CaCl2 solutions spiked with increasing concentrations of the target PUHs. The equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm equation (R2 ≥ 0.96), delivering the corresponding parameters (Kf and n). Linear distribution coefficients (Kd) were also calculated. The Pearson correlation was used to identify the specific soil and herbicide properties that have statistically significant correlations with sorption parameters. High correlations were established for various soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content, content of amorphous Fe and Mn oxides, clay/silt mass proportions) as well as molecular descriptors (octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow) and molecular mass (Mw)) of the moderately hydrophobic herbicides. Monuron, chlorotoluron and isoproturon showed higher affinities for soil than previously reported. The gathered knowledge might assist in the assessment and in the precautionary avoidance of potential risks generated by these compounds in tropical soils.
On an equation arising in the boundary-layer flow of stretching/shrinking permeable surfaces
Authors: Merkin J. H. , Pop I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn a recent paper, Al-Housseiny and Stone (J Fluid Mech 706:597–606, 2012) considered the dynamics of a stretching surface and how this interacts with the boundary-layer flow it generates. These authors discussed the cases $$c= -3$$c=-3 for an elastic sheet and $$c= -1$$c=-1 for the viscous fluid, c being representative for the stretching velocity of the sheet. The aim of the present paper is to extend the analysis of Al-Housseiny and Stone (2012) to the general values of c, to allow for both a stretching and a shrinking sheet and for the surface to be permeable through the parameter S, where $$S>0$$S>0 for the fluid withdrawal and $$S < 0$$S<0 for fluid injection. Both the cases $$S=0$$S=0 (impermeable surface) and $$S \ne 0$$S≠0 (permeable surface) are considered for both stretching surfaces and shrinking surfaces. In all these cases, asymptotic solutions are presented for large values c and S (both withdrawal and injection).
Natural course of adult-onset vitelliform lesions in eyes with and without comorbid subretinal drusenoid deposits
Authors: Wilde Craig , Awad Mary , Giannouladis Konstantinos , Lakshmanan Arun , Yeung Aaron Ming-Hon , Dua Harminder , Amoaku Winfried M. K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Adult vitelliform lesions (AVL) are associated with age related macular degeneration (AMD) and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SRDD). We evaluated the natural course of AVL, assessing the influence of SRDD on disease progression, visual function and incidence of macular atrophy (MA) and choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2011 and March 2016. Demographic, clinical and imaging data from 26 consecutive AVL patients were analysed following case note review. Optical coherence tomography images were graded for SRDD and patients divided into those with/without SRDD. Outcomes included presenting/changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and incidence of MA/CNVM.

Results
Mean age was 78.6 ± 7.6 years. Mean follow-up was 51.5 ± 25.6 months. Twelve patients (46.2%) had SRDD at presentation with 3 more (11.5%) developing them. Subjects with SRDD were older (mean 81.7 ± 6.1 years vs 74.3 ± 7.6 years, p = 0.010). Mean presenting BCVA was worse in SRDD eyes (0.39 ± 0.31 logMAR vs 0.19 ± 0.18 logMAR, p = 0.017). Eight of 15 patients with SRDD (53.3%) developed incident MA or CNVM; higher than those with no SRDD (1/11, 9.1%; p = 0.036). Two patients (7.7%) developed full thickness macular holes.

Conclusions
Patients with AVL and SRDD likely represent an advanced pathological stage or phenotype with worse visual outcome and higher risk of MA/CNVM. Possible overlap with AMD exists. Follow-up, counselling and provisions for early detection/treatment of complications should be made. Better classification including improved understanding of phenotypic and genetic variations with reference to comorbid diseases including AMD is required. Presence of SRDD in AVL offers a dichotomous classification, indicating risk of future MA/CNVM formation.
The applications of infrared thermography in surgical removal of retained teeth effects assessment
Authors: Kasprzyk-Kucewicz Teresa , Cholewka Armand , Bałamut Karolina , Kownacki Patryk , Kaszuba Natalia , Kaszuba Michał , Stanek Agata , Sieroń Karolina , Stransky Jiri , Pasz Adam , Morawiec Tadeusz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAt the beginning, applications of thermal imaging in dentistry were focused mostly on the assessment of thermal effects during filling cavities, laser treatment and inflammation of periodontal tissues. The biggest problem in thermal imaging was limiting access and rapid change of humidity when the mouth opens during measurements. However, nowadays thermal map of body surface is correlated with inflammatory state changing inner mouth. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of thermal imaging to localize the inflammation and monitor treatment effects after surgical removal of third retained molar teeth. The cohort consisted of 27 patients with referral for the surgical extraction of the third retained molar. Thermal imaging of the sagittal face was performed before and after the procedure and on the first, fourth and seventh day after the extraction. Obtained thermal maps are correlated with the third molar teeth inflammation location. Moreover, the changes of temperature in the area of both the tooth and the cheek correspond to the mechanisms of wound healing described in the literature. Obtained results were not only qualitative but also quantitative what was confirmed by statistically significant difference. It seems that thermal imaging, which is a noninvasive method, can be used to monitor treatment processes after surgical procedures, as well as on the location of inflammation.
IGF-binding proteins 3 and 4 are regulators of sprouting angiogenesis
Authors: Dallinga Marchien G. , Habani Yasmin I. , Kayser Richelle P. , Van Noorden Cornelis J. F. , Klaassen Ingeborg , Schlingemann Reinier O. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We have previously identified insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) as essential proteins for tip cell maintenance and sprouting angiogenesis. In this study, we aim to identify other IGF family members involved in endothelial sprouting angiogenesis.

Methods
Effects on sprouting were analyzed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the spheroid-based sprouting model, and were quantified as mean number of sprouts per spheroid and average sprout length. RNA silencing technology was used to knockdown gene expression. Recombinant forms of the ligands (IGF1 and IGF2, insulin) and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) 3 and 4 were used to induce excess effects. Effects on the tip cell phenotype were analyzed by measuring the fraction of CD34+ tip cells using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in a 3D angiogenesis model. Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of serum.

Results
Knockdown of IGF2 inhibited sprouting in HUVECs, in particular when cultured in the absence of serum, suggesting that components in serum influence the signaling of IGF2 in angiogenesis in vitro. We then determined the effects of IGFBP3 and IGFBP4, which are both present in serum, on IGF2-IGF1R signaling in sprouting angiogenesis in the absence of serum: knockdown of IGFBP3 significantly reduced sprouting angiogenesis, whereas knockdown of IGFBP4 resulted in increased sprouting angiogenesis in both flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of the 3D angiogenesis model. Other IGF family members except INSR did not affect IGF2-IGF1R signaling.

Conclusions
Serum components and IGF binding proteins regulate IGF2 effects on sprouting angiogenesis. Whereas IGFBP3 acts as co-factor for IGF2-IGF1R binding, IGFBP4 inhibits IGF2 signaling.
Utility and Effectiveness of the Context Manipulation Techniques: Police Investigators’ Perspectives
Authors: Hoogesteyn Katherine , Meijer Ewout , Vrij Aldert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe foremost goal of conducting an investigative interview is to obtain as much accurate information as possible. To achieve this, investigators employ a variety of interviewing techniques. Kelly et al. (Psychol Public Policy Law 19:165–178, 2013) proposed a taxonomy interviewing techniques, grouping them into six domains (i.e., Rapport and Relationship Building, Context Manipulation, Emotion Provocation, Collaboration, Confrontation/Competition, and Presentation of Evidence). In this study, we focused on assessing the Context Manipulation domain (e.g., considering seating arrangements, time of day, clothing). Specifically, we sought to examine police investigators’ use and beliefs about the effectiveness of context manipulation techniques. A sample of 81 police investigators completed the survey. Our findings provide evidence that investigators believe the interview setting to have importance and are already employing some context manipulation techniques in their practice. Techniques mentioned most often were related to seating arrangement, investigators’ clothing, and item availability for suspects (e.g., water, coffee). This survey also provides evidence that investigators are receptive to using context manipulation techniques in their practice, despite how little they are currently taught during trainings. Understanding what context manipulation techniques investigators use and believe to be useful in their interviewing practice may have implications for future training, as well as for the (re)design of interview rooms.
Temperature Impacts the Response of Coffea canephora to Decreasing Soil Water Availability
Authors: Thioune El-Hadji , Strickler Susan , Gallagher Thomas , Charpagne Aline , Decombes Patrick , Osborne Bruce , McCarthy James 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate change is expected to result in more frequent periods of both low rainfall and above normal temperatures for many coffee growing regions. To understand how coffee reacts to such change, we studied the physiological and gene expression responses of the clonal variety C. canephora FRT07 exposed to water deficits under two different temperature regimes. Variations in the time-dependent impact of water deficits on leaf stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation were significantly different under the 27 °C and 27 °C/42 °C conditions examined. The physiological responses 24 h after re-watering were also different for both conditions. Expression analysis of genes known to respond to water deficits indicated that drought-related signaling occurred at both temperatures. Deeper insights into the response of coffee to water deficits was obtained by RNASeq based whole transcriptome profiling of leaves from early, late, and recovery stages of the 27 °C experiment. This yielded expression data for 13,642 genes and related differential expression analysis uncovered 362 and 474 genes with increased and decreased expression, respectively, under mild water deficits, and 1627 genes and 2197 genes, respectively, under more severe water deficits. The data presented, from a single clonal coffee variety, serves as an important reference point for future comparative physiological/transcriptomic studies with clonal coffee varieties with different sensitivities to water deficits and high temperatures. Such comparative analyses will help predict how different coffee varieties respond to changing climatic conditions, and may facilitate the identification of alleles associated with high and low tolerance to water deficits, enabling faster breeding of more climate-smart coffee trees.
Substitutes for the Non-existent Square Lattice Designs for 36 Varieties
Authors: Bailey R. A. , Cameron Peter J. , Soicher L. H. , Williams E. R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSquare lattice designs are often used in trials of new varieties of various agricultural crops. However, there are no square lattice designs for 36 varieties in blocks of size six for four or more replicates. Here, we use three different approaches to construct designs for up to eight replicates. All the designs perform well in terms of giving a low average variance of variety contrasts.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Fibroblast growth factor 23: are we ready to use it in clinical practice?
Authors: Bouma-de Krijger Annet , Vervloet Marc G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a greatly enhanced risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade it has come clear that a disturbed calcium-phosphate metabolism, with Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 as a key hormone, is partly accountable for this enhanced risk. Numerous studies have been performed unravelling FGF23s actions and its association with clinical conditions. As FGF23 is strongly associated with adverse outcome it may be a promising biomarker for risk prediction or, even more important, targeting FGF23 may be a strategy to improve patient outcome. This review elaborates on the clinical usefulness of FGF23 measurement. Firstly it discusses the reliability of the FGF23 measurement. Secondly, it evaluates whether FGF23 measurement may lead to improved patient risk classification. Finally, and possibly most importantly, this review evaluates if lowering of FGF23 should be a target for therapy. For this, the review discusses the current evidence indicating that FGF23 may be in the causal pathway to cardiovascular pathology, provides an overview of strategies to lower FGF23 levels and discusses the current evidence concerning the benefit of lowering FGF23.
Tailoring of Painful Stimuli Used for Exploring Transfer of Function
Authors: Eilertsen Jon Magnus , Arntzen Erik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFifteen college students rated the degree of painfulness of six images showing needle injections to different parts of a human hand. The images were rated on a scale ranging from 1 (not painful) to 5 (severely painful). Next, the participants were trained six conditional discriminations with abstract shapes as stimuli and tested for the formation of three 3-member equivalence classes in a one-to-many (OTM) training structure (AB/AC). The test for emergent relations were followed by training a novel set of stimuli (D) to the A stimuli. The needle injection images rated with the highest and lowest perceived degree of painfulness were used as stimulus D1 and D2, respectively. An image where the needle was replaced with a Q tip was used as stimulus D3 and assumed to be perceived as not painful. The DA training was followed by a matching-to-sample (MTS) test for the formation of three 4-member classes, and the participants were asked to choose one out of three identical bottles with water labelled with the B stimuli. Finally, the participants were asked to rate the degree of painfulness of the B stimuli. The main findings were that the B and D stimuli were not rated significantly different, indicating a transfer of function in the ratings from D to B stimuli. In addition, participants avoided choosing bottle B1 over B2 and B3, but they did not differentiate between B2 and B3.
Comparison and analyses of a variable span-morphing of the tapered wing with a varying sweep angle
Authors: Elelwi M. , Kuitche M.A. , Botez R.M. , Dao T.M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis work presents a comparative study of design and development, in addition, of analyses of variable span morphing of the tapered wing (VSMTW) for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The proposed concept consists in the sliding of the inner section into the fixed part along the wing with varying the angle of the inner section inside the fixed part (parallel with the leading edge and the moving-wing axis is coincident to the fixed-wing axis) within two configurations. The wing design is based on a NACA 4412 aerofoil with the root chord of 0.675m and the tip chord of 0.367m for the fixed segment and 0.320m for the moving segment. Morphing wing analysis occurs at three selected locations that have been specified for extending and modifying span length by (25%, 50%, and 75%) of its original length to fulfill various flight mission requirements. The main objective of this paper is to compare the aerodynamic characteristics for several span lengths and sweep angles and to find their most efficient combinations. The wing is optimised for different velocities during all phases of flight (min speed, loiter, cruise, and max speed) which are 17, 34, 51, and 68m/s, respectively. The analyses are performed by computing forces (drag and lift) and moments at various altitudes, such as at the sea level, at 5,000 and 10,000ft. Two-dimensional aerodynamic analyses are carried out using XFLR5 code, and the ANSYS Fluent solver is used for investigating the flow field on the three-dimensional wing structure. It has been observed that a variable span morphing of tapered wing technology with a variable sweep angle can deliver up to 32.93% improved aerodynamic efficiency. This concept design can also be used for the aircraft roll motion technique instead of conventional control devices. Furthermore, the range flight mission increases up to 46.89% when the wing is placed at its full length compared to an original position. Finally, it has been concluded from this study that the wing design is more sensitive to the changing angle of the inner section and more efficient in terms of aerodynamic characteristics.
Cannabis Treatment in Children with Epilepsy: Practices of Canadian Neurologists
Authors: DeGasperis Stephanie M. , Webster Richard , Pohl Daniela 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Medical cannabis has recently emerged as a treatment option for children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Despite the fact that many pediatric epilepsy patients across Canada are currently being treated with cannabis, little is known about the attitudes of neurologists toward cannabinoid treatment of children with epilepsy.Methods:A 21-item online survey was distributed via email to 148 pediatric neurologists working in hospitals and community clinics across Canada. Questions were related to clinical practice and demographics.Results:This survey achieved a response rate of 38% (56 Canadian neurologists). These neurologists were treating 668 pediatric epilepsy patients with cannabinoids. While 29% of neurologists did not support cannabis treatment in their patients, 34% prescribed cannabis, and 38% referred to another authorizing physician, mostly to community-based non-neurologists. The majority of neurologists considered cannabis for patients with Dravet syndrome (68%) and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (64%) after an average of three failed anticonvulsants. Twenty-seven percent considered it for patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, and 18% for focal epilepsy. No neurologist used cannabis as a first-line treatment. All neurologists had at least one hesitation regarding cannabis treatment in pediatric epilepsy. The most common one was poor evidence (66%), followed by poor quality control (52%) and high cost (50%).Conclusions:The majority of Canadian pediatric neurologists consider using cannabis as a treatment for epilepsy in children. With many gaps in evidence and high patient-driven demand for cannabis therapy, this survey provides immediate information from the “wisdom of the crowd,” to aid neurologists until further evidence is available.
Outcomes associated with scale-up of the Stepping On falls prevention program: A case study in redesigning for dissemination
Authors: Mahoney Jane E. , Gangnon Ron , Clemson Lindy , Jaros LaVerne , Cech Sandy , Renken Jill 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Translating complex behavior change interventions into practice can be accompanied by a loss of fidelity and effectiveness. We present the evaluation of two sequential phases of implementation of a complex evidence-based community workshop to reduce falls, using the Replicating Effective Programs Framework. Between the two phases, workshop training and delivery were revised to improve fidelity with key elements.Methods:Stepping On program participants completed a questionnaire at baseline (phase 1: n = 361; phase 2: n = 2219) and 6 months post-workshop (phase 1: n = 232; phase 2: n = 1281). Phase 2 participants had an additional follow-up at 12 months (n = 883). Outcomes were the number of falls in the prior 6 months and the Falls Behavioral Scale (FaB) score.Results:Workshop participation in phase 1 was associated with a 6% reduction in falls (RR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.74–1.20) and a 0.14 improvement in FaB score (95% CI, 0.11– 0.18) at 6 months. Workshop participation in phase 2 was associated with a 38% reduction in falls (RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.57–0.68) and a 0.16 improvement in FaB score (95% CI 0.14–0.18) at 6 months, and a 28% reduction in falls (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.65–0.80) and a 0.19 score improvement in FaB score (95% CI 0.17–0.21) at 12-month follow-up.Conclusions:Effectiveness can be maintained with widespread dissemination of a complex behavior change intervention if attention is paid to fidelity of key elements. An essential role for implementation science is to ensure effectiveness as programs transition from research to practice.
Using a television programme as a tool to increase perceived awareness of mental health and well-being – findings from ‘Our Mental Health’ survey
Authors: McTernan N. , Ryan F. , Williamson E. , Chambers D. , Arensman E. 
Published: March 2020

Background:International research shows that media can increase knowledge, raise public awareness and reduce stigma relating to mental health.Methods:Following the broadcast of a documentary on national television featuring interviews with young people who had experienced mental health difficulties and suicidal behaviour, an anonymous online survey, aimed at examining public perceptions of the impact of a television documentary, was conducted, using a mixed methods approach.Results:2311 people completed the survey. Of those who watched the documentary and answered the closed questions (n = 854), 94% stated that the documentary will positively impact young people’s mental health and well-being. The majority (91%) stated that the documentary will encourage young people to talk to someone if experiencing difficulties and 87% indicated it will help to reduce stigma associated with mental health. Viewers had a 5% higher level of intention to seek help than non-viewers. Participants indicated that the identifiable personal stories and discourse around stigma and shame, and the increased understanding and awareness gained, had the most profound impact on them.Conclusions:These findings indicate that a documentary addressing mental health and suicidal behaviour, which incorporates real life identifiable stories of resilience and recovery, has the potential to impact positively on emotional well-being and general mood, to reduce stigma related to mental health and to encourage help-seeking behaviour. Documentaries including these concepts, with a public mental health focus and a consistent message, incorporating pre- and post-evaluations, and customisation for target audiences in compliance with current media recommendations, should be considered.