bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Insulin Sensitizers and Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor on Glycemic State and Cardiovascular Performance in Type II Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ewida S F , Shabaan A M H , Eldomiaty H F , Hanna G S Y , Hassabelnabi S E , Saleh S A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the most life-threatening diabetic complication. Type II diabetes may lead to damage of the heart muscle. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGL2) inhibitors are a new class of diabetic medications indicated only for the treatment of type II diabetes.

Aim
This investigation was assigned to compare the effect of metformin and SGL2 inhibitors (dapaglifilizone) in type II diabetic rats.
Design and methods: Eighty rats divided into four groups were used: non diabetic; diabetic; diabetic metformin -treated; diabetic dapagliflizoline- treated. At the end, arterial blood pressure and cardiac performance (cardiac contractility and heart rate) were assessed. Serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α were measured. HOMA-IR index was calculated. DNA changes were assessed from hearts and aortea. Aortic endothelial changes recorded using H&E and masson trichome techniques.

Results
Glycemic index, lipid profile, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters were significantly improved in both metformin and dapagliflizoline treated groups with also significant improvement in blood pressure, Cardiac performance and reduction in collagen deposition in aortic tissue and DNA fragmentation. Dapagliflizoline treatment results were significantly improved in all parameters compared to metformin treatment.

Conclusion
SGL2 inhibitors (dapaglifilizone) successfully restored glycemic state, cardiac performance, DNA and endothelial changes in type II diabetic rats compared to metformin.
A Possible Cardio-Protective Role of Early Remote Ischemia Preconditioning Against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury I’m Isolated Hearts of Adult Albino Rats: Possible Involvement of Hypoxia Inducible Factor
Authors: Abdelhamid M S , Mansour R S , Ebrahim A T , Elkafoury B M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Inspite of the claimed cardio-protective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), it is invasive and so using remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may offer an alternative. Meanwhile, RIPC cardioprotective role is controversial, with an equivocal underlying mechanism. The hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1-alpha) which is increased following ischemic insults is claimed as a humoral mediator for RIPC.

Objective
To investigate the effect of remote ischemic pre-conditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and to elucidate the possible role of hypoxia inducible factor in this protection.

Materials and Methods
The present study was performed on 28 adult female albino rats in the same estrus cycle evaluated by vaginal smear, and they were allocated into 3 groups: Group I: control rats subjected to ischemic/reperfusion injury (I/R) only, group II: early RIPC rats (RIPC 2 hours prior to I/R), group III: acriflavine-treated early RIPC rats. Acriflavine is a drug that binds directly to HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha subunits, thus inhibiting its dimerization and transcriptional activity, and it was injected IP 10 days prior to RIPC. On sacrifice day, ECG was recorded and isolated heart studies were performed. Later, cardiac chambers weight, serum HIF-1-alpha, myocardial perfusate lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac oxidative markers: Malonaldehyde and glutathione perioxidase were measured.

Results
Compared to the control group, the early RIPC group showed significant increase in the heart rate (HR), QTc interval in the ECG recording, glutathione peroxidase and the HIF 1α levels together with reduction in the percent of decrease in PT and PT/LV, in the percent of prolongation in time to peak tension (TPT), perfusate lactate dehydrogenase and MDA levels, while no significant changes were recorded in the heart chronotropic activity, in the percent of half relaxation time (HRT) prolongation, or in the percent of decrease of MFR. Following acriflavine treatment, the effects of RIPC were abolished highlighting the role of HIF-1-alpha in mediating RIPC protective effects.

Conclusion
The non-invasive and non-pharmological remote ischemic preconditioning technique can ameliorate the cardiac ischemic reperfusion injury with an obvious role of HIF-1α in mediating these protective effects.
Clinical trial to compare between different dressing methods on split thickness graft donor site (conventional method VS Ca alginate Vs Hydrocolloid sheet)
Authors: Tantawy H S , Kotb M O , Gerges W B , Shihata M M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
According WHO Egypt has high incidence in RTA and burn. Controversy between studies and reviews on the best dressing on donor site, while evidence support the use of moist wound dressings other centers believe that the impregnated gauze is cost effective.

Objective
Comparison between 3 types of dressings: The Conventional method (Vaseline gauze), Calcium alginate and Hydrocolloid sheets to determine which donor-site dressings are associated with the best outcomes for faster healing rate, less Pain, decreased Infection rate, healing quality and cost-effectiveness.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 60 patients 35 males (58.33%) and 25 females (41.67%) in Ahmed Maher Teaching hospital divided into 20 patients in each, the conventional by Vaseline gauze group, the hydrocolloid using group and the Ca alginate group.

Results
The hydrocolloid showed highly significant overall results in faster epithilization and healing rate with mean 9.35 days ± 1.8 days and significant pain reduction post operatively and comfort during dressings and it was satisfactory in the reduction in change frequency as most patients healed between 7 – 10 days and in most cases the requirement for dressing change was every 5 days.

Conclusion
Modern wound dressings should become the standard of care in Egyptian burn centers and hydrocolloid is advised when multiple reharvesting for huge skin defects and increase satisfaction with considerable cost effectiveness. Vaseline gauze showed the worst results, but cost effectiveness by direct method is doubted if compared by the indirect and global cost of analgesics, hospital stay and medical stuff burden of dressing frequency.
Evaluation of growth monitoring care process for stunted under-five aged children in two primary health care units in Cairo- Egypt
Authors: Haidar A R , Elawady M A , Ez-elarab H S , Albagoury L S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Growth monitoring is an essential element of child health care. Children’s healthy growth and development, and detection of variations from typical growth can be confirmed by proper growth monitoring.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate detection and referral processes of cases of stunting among a sample of children aged less than 5 years attending maternal and child Healthcare centers in Cairo.

Methods
a quality of performance study carried out to observe children aged less than 5 years attending two primary healthcare centers during their growth monitoring process to assess the quality of documentation (14 items), body measurements (Anthropometric Measurements – 11 items for height and 8 for weight measurements), plotting (3 items), interpretation (4 items) and referral of detected cases (2 items) using observational checklist. Interviewing questionnaire for healthcare workers to assess their knowledge and skills in the process of detection of stunting.

Results
Observed growth monitoring process was undertaken for 300 children, 51% boys and 49% girls, 44% were breastfed. Out of the sample 27 (9.3%) were &lt; -2 Z-score height for age, 5 (1.7%) were &lt; -2 Z-score weight for age, 5 (1.7%) were &lt; -2 Z-score weight for height and 4 (1.3%) were &lt; -2 Z-score body mass index for age. By Observational checklist results for growth monitoring process for documentation (28.5%) of items were not done, (53.7%) were good done and (17.8%) were satisfactory done. For measuring height (9%) of items were not done, (45.5%) were poor done, (9%) were satisfactory done and (36.5%) were good done. For measuring weight (25%) of items were not done, (6.2%) were poorly done, (12.5%) were satisfactory done and (56.3%) were good done. For plotting on growth chart (66.7%) of items were not done and (33.3%) were good done. For Interpretation of the growth pattern and referral (100%) of items not done.

Conclusion
Growth monitoring shows areas in need for improvement as the detection process including documentation and follow standardized anthropometric measurements, up-to-date and periodic staff training. Developing formal and well organized referral of detected stunted is a mandate.
Role of multidetector CT Coronary Angiography in Assessment of the prevalence and plaque composition between dyslipidemic and non dyslipidemic patients
Authors: Elsaed S A , Allam K E , Geneidi E A S , Abdelrahman A S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To highlight the role of multislice CT coronary angiography with its new applications such as reformatted images, and high resolution imaging, regarding coronary plaque composition and prevalence in dyslipidemic and non dyslipidemic patients

Methods
The study included 30 patients, 15 non dyslipidemic and 15 dyslipidemic patients. Each patient included in the study was subjected to full history taking, reviewing medical sheet. CTCA was performed for all patients followed by analysis of the plaque composition and percent stenosis using the axial images and multiplanar reconstruction.

Results
It was found that dyslipidemic patients had more plaque burden than non dyslipidemic. The dyslipidemic patients were more liable for multiple and soft plaques, mainly appreciated at the distal segment of the coronary arteries while non dyslipidemic were more liable for single and calcific/mixed plaques. Thus, may encourage the clinician to use lipid lower drugs as primary or secondary intervention for CAD.
The pattern of hysterosalpingographic findings in Egyptian females being investigated for infertility
Authors: Hasan R M M , Salama A M M , Abdelsamad A M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Infertility is a complex disorder with significant medical, psychological and economic problems.

Objective
To determine the structural and pathological pattern of the fallopian tubes and uterus on hysterosalpingography (HSG) examination in cases of female infertility.

Methods
A retrospective study, conducted at ain Shams University hospitals on female patients complaining of infertility, the patients were investigated using hysterosalpingogram in the period between June 2017 till end of May 2018.

Results
A total of 484 patients were evaluated with the age ranging from 17 to 48 years old, whether the mean was 30.29 years (SD ± 6.43). Of these, 185 cases were complaining of primary infertility and 299 cases were secondary infertility constituting (38.2 %) and (61.8%) respectively. (50.6 %) of the cases had abnormalities on the HSG& Normal pattern was found in the rest (49.4%) cases, tubal factor as a cause of infertility was the most salient feature among the abnormal HSG patterns. Unilateral proximal tubal block was the most common tubal abnormality, whether mullerian anomalies was the most common uterine abnormality encountered.

Conclusion
Hysterosalpingogram is still widely used because it is cheap, readily available, non invasive, easy to interpret and has the ability to demonstrate dynamic free contrast spillage. It is usually the first line of imaging evaluation of the fallopian tubes in infertility, especially in developing countries such as ours. This study reveals that there was a high incidence of tubal disease in the women presenting with infertility, this was commonly as a result of infection and inflammatory process.
MR diffusion imaging in mediastinal masses the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions
Authors: Ibrahim T E M , Mohamed Y A , Elia R Z , Hussien R S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Diffusion-weighted imaging is a fundamental tool integrated in MR protocols useful in differentiating benign from malignant mediastinal masses, assessing mediastinal lymphadenopathy and investigating central bronchogenic carcinoma. This method is an excellent alternative to CT or PET/CT in the investigation of mediastinal masses. Current applications of diffusion MRI in malignancies include monitoring the treatment response and detecting recurrent cancer.

Aim of the Work
This study aims to assess the value of using MRI diffusion in differentiating benign and malignant mediastinal masses, differentiating central masses from post obstructive collapse and differentiating lymphoma versus sarcoidosis.

Patients and Methods
This study included 30 patients; 16 males and 14 females in the period from June 2013 to July 2014. The mean age was 49.3 ± 16.85 (range: 22–82 years). Cases were referred for MRI assessment and were approved by the ethical committee in our department. The complaints varied between dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, fatigue and loss of weight. A superconducting 1.5 T MRI machine with a four-channel body phased-array coil was used for the examination. Biopsy and histopathological assessment was done after that.

Results
MRI examination with diffusion imaging was able to differentiate between benign and malignant mediastinal and hilar lesion confirmed by the biopsy and histopathology.

Conclusion
MRI with diffusion weighted images can detect and stage lung cancer, differentiate benign from malignant mediastinal masses and differentiate lymphoma from sarcoidosis in mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy.
Quantitative liver MR imaging with DWI sequence and Normalized ADC in diagnosis and staging of hepatitis C virus liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, a comparative study with transient elastography (Fibroscan) in egyptian patients
Authors: Rashad H S M , Abdelhafez E M , Elia R Z , Barakat E M , Rady A E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of quantitative liver MR imaging using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and compare the results with transient elastography (FibroScan).

Materials and Methods
Twenty-five patients known to have hepatitis C virus were enrolled after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria.. Quantification of liver, spleen and muscle ADC values was done using MRI DWI sequences using 4 different b-values (0, 200, 400, 800). Normalized ADC was calculated as the ratio of liver ADC to spleen ADC.. Post processing was performed using 3D synapse ADC viewer Tool.

Results
Liver ADC failed to distinguish different stages of fibrosis, except between stages 2 and 3 (p = 0.016). Normalized liver ADC distinguished between individual groups of fibrosis , with significant differences between mild stages (stage 0/1) and sever stages of fibrosis (stages 3) and between stages 0/1 and cirrhosis (stage 4). There were significant differences between stages 0–2 and 3–4 using normalized liver ADC. There was a statistically significant moderate correlation between fibrosis stage and normalized liver ADC (r = −0.403; p = 0.009). ROC analysis revealed higher performance using normalized liver ADC compared with liver ADC, with higher AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for detection of cirrhosis (stage 0 vs 4 and stages 0–3 vs 4), moderate-to-advanced fibrosis (stages 2–4), and advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (stages 3–4), reaching significance for all comparisons except for diagnosis of stage 4 (cirrhosis).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that normalizing liver ADC with spleen ADC improves diagnostic accuracy for detection of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in egyptian population when using breath-hold diffusion-weighted imaging.
Role of PET/CT in detection of post-Thyroidectomy recurrence in differentiated cancer thyroid patients with negative radio-isotope iodine scan & elevated serum thyroglobulin level
Authors: Mohamed A M , Ibrahim A M , Ahmed A Y , Khalifa A A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aim of the Work
To study of the role of PET/CT in in detection of post-thyroidectomy recurrence in differentiated cancer thyroid patients having negative radio-isotope iodine scan & high serum thyroglobulin level.

Materials and Methods
The study incorporated 20 patients with previous history of differentiated cancer thyroid. All patients performed Serum Thyroglobulin level Estimation & entire body scan I-131 (WBS) examination & PET/CT study alluded from oncology specialist to Radiology Department. All patients in the study were subjected to history taking &revising the medical sheet.

Results
PET/CT results will be compared with iodine radio-isotope scan & serum thyroglobulin level and statistical analysis of the collected data will be performed to determine the diagnostic value of the PET/CT in detection of local recurrence or distant metastasis.
Role of MRI Arthrography Compared to Conventional MRI in Assessment of Shoulder Joint Disorders
Authors: Nassef M A , Abdulrahim S A A , Eldesouki D A A M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Glenohumeral joint instability is extremely common. With regard to primary anterior shoulder dislocations, the incidence is between 8.2 and 23.9 per 100 000 person-years, with an estimated prevalence of 1.7%. Many imaging methods, including arthrography, CT arthrography, MR arthrography, have been used to image the glenoid labrum and the associated structures of the capsular mechanism. The aim of the study is to prove MR arthrography is the preferred imaging technique for the investigation of patients with shoulder instability. MR arthrography reliably shows subtle lesions of the labroligamentous complex, providing information essential to the surgeon concerning the surgery or arthroscopic repair .Thirty Patients with clinically evident or suspected shoulder impingemint or glenohumeral instability.of both sexes were included , conventional MRI was performed for all patients followed by CT guided intraarticular contrast injection then MRI Arthrography images taken within thirty minutes. Data were collected, revised, coded and entered to the Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 20.
Utility of diffusion weighted mr in diffrentation between benign and malgnant breast lesions
Authors: Rady A E E , Sakr H M , Abdelkhalie Y I , Sadek A S M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose of this Study is
To evaluate the role of DWI MRI in the differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions.

Methods
The study included 40 patients all of them were females with positive breast lesion detected by ultrasound or mammography (between 25 and 66 years of age) referred from surgery and oncology departments. Each patient included in the study was subjected to full history taking, mammography, ultrasonography and conventional MRI sequences and Diffusion Weighted imaging and ADC value measurement. Technique was performed using a standard 1.5 Tesla unit (Acheiva, Philips).

Results
The study showed significant results were obtained between ADC values of benign and malignant lesions (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
According to the results of this study we concluded that the addition of DW-MRI and ADC value measurements to the conventional MRI of the breast increased the accuracy of diagnosis and characterization of different breast masses. Also, the use of DW-MRI with ADC value measurements was found to be a valuable quantitative analysis.

Keywords
Breast masses– MRI – Diffusion weighted imaging Apparent diffusion coefficient.
Role of hepatic colour duplex ultrasound in assessment of non alcoholic fatty liver disease-nafld
Authors: Botrous S M , Hafez E M A , Sabry D A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Gray-scale ultrasonography (US) is an initial, easy to use and widely available imaging modality for NAFLD, the presence of fat infiltration in the liver in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and other causes of liver disease, is the most common cause of fatty liver, with a prevalence as high as 15-25% in many populations.

Objective
to determine the effect of obesity and NAFLD on the Doppler waveform pattern of the liver vascularity.

Methods
A case control study, conducted at Ain Shams University in the period between july and December 2018 . In both groups, liver span & subcutaneous fat was measured by ultrasonographic examination. Hepatic vein waveform pattern & portal vein mean flow velocity were assessed & hepatic artery resistance index was measured by duplex Doppler ultrasonography examination.

Results
Our study included 50 patients , 20 were control & 30 were cases.. The mean age of cases was 45.30 ± 10.15 SD & the mean age of control was 32.70 ± 10.95 SD rendering the mean age of cases & control of high statistical significance (p value=0.000). The Subcutaneous fat showed high significant statistical difference between cases & control groups with mean subcutaneous fat in control =0.75 ± 0.14 SD & mean subcutaneous fat in cases= 1.23 ± 0.42 SD with p –value = 0.000. The liver span showed high significant statistical difference between cases & control groups with mean in control =15.11 ± 0.85 SD & mean liver span in cases= 17.46 ± 1.67SD ( p value = 0.000). Hepatic vein wave pattern was normal in all 20 control (100%). In the 30 cases,the Hepatic vein wave pattern was triphasic in 12 patients (40%) & biphasic or monophasic In 18 patients (60%) with high statistical significance (p-value =0.000). There was negative correlation between the hepatic vein velocity & BMI with ( p value=0.0032). There was no statistically significant difference between cases & control as regards all Doppler indices including the Hepatic artery RI(resistive index), Hepatic artery PSV(peak systolic velocity), Portal vein velocity(maximum & minimum)& hepatic vein velocity (maximum velocity) where the p value was more than 0.05.

Conclusion
Patients with NAFLD have a high rate of abnormal hepatic vein Doppler waveform patterns ,which can be biphasic or monophasic rather than alterations in hepatic artery resistance index values by duplex Doppler ultrasonography. Also the fatty infiltration of hepatocytes can increase liver span & the subcutaneous fat.
The role of MRI in Detection and Characterization of Benign Hepatic Focal Lesions
Authors: Abdelghany A F , Abdeldayem E H , Millad S K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The benign and malignant hepatic foci are a common disease in recent times. The most benign lesions are in non cirrhotic liver. The main goals of MRI liver techniques are detection and characterization of equivocal hepatic focal lesions with indeterminate results by other diagnostic modalities e.g. US or CT.

Aim of the Study
to describe the role of MRI in early detection and characterization of benign Hepatic focal lesions. Using unenhancement, contrast enhancement and diffusion weighted MR images; for better patient management plan.

Patients and Methods
This study conducted on 25 patients; four patients of them have 2 different HFL, suspicion of Hepatic focal lesions on the basis of US and/or CT. The study took place at Ain Shams University hospital.

Results
Present study revealed that maximum percentage of MRI finding in benign HFL is Hemangioma (37.93%) followed by Simple hepatic cyst (27.59%). The most common benign HFL are low signal intensity in T1 precontrast study and the most common benign HFL are High signal intensity in T2 precontrast study. Also, the most benign HFL show no restriction diffusion.

Conclusion
Benign hepatic focal lesions are frequently encountered in clinical practice and their characterization may be sometimes difficult. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI has more advantages than ultrasound, computed tomography CT in diagnosing and characterization of focal hepatic masses. With a combination of basic T1 and T2 weighted sequences, diffusion weighted imaging DWI, and use of contrast agents, most liver lesions can be adequately diagnosed.