bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genres de textes en circulation dans la sphère du travail d’enseignement et dans la formation professionnelle de l’enseignant
Authors: Gouvêa Lousada Eliane 
Published: September 2020

Dans cet article, nous avons pour but de discuter des relations entre langage et travail, en focalisant sur le rôle potentiellement formatif des genres textuels dans le contexte du travail d’enseignement. Nous présenterons les genres qui circulent dans les situations de travail enseignant et ceux qui peuvent être produits à des buts formatifs, en distinguant ceux qui circulent dans la sphère de travail ceux qui ont un potentiel d’apprentissage et/ou de développement. Notre étude se base sur l’orientation épistémologique de l’Interactionnisme Social et se sert de trois cadres théoriques : celui de l’Interactionnisme Socio-discursif, d’une part ; et ceux de la Clinique de l’Activité et de l’Ergonomie de l’Activité des Professionnels de l’Education, d’autre part. Nous montrerons, de manière spécifique, une analyse d’une auto-confrontation et nous discuterons de son potentiel pour le développement des enseignants et pour la formation. Nous discuterons ainsi du rôle des verbalisations sur la situation de travail dans le processus de formation de l’enseignant, à travers des genres produits en situation de travail qui constituent une activité symbolique dans laquelle le langage devient un instrument de formation et de développement.
Development and Latest Research Advances of Self-Propping Fracturing Technology
Authors: Pei Yuxin , Zhao Pingqi , Zhou Huaxing , Li Dongping , Liao Xingsong , Shao Lifei , Zhang Shengchuan , Tian Fuchun , Zhao Yudong , Zhang Nanlin , Zhao Liqiang 
Published: September 2020

SummarySelf-propping fracturing (in-situ proppant) has become an area of increasing interest in the development of fracturing technology over the past several years. In this paper, we review previous developments in this field and introduce latest research on self-propping fracturing technology. We identify the principles, key processes, and advantages behind the technology and introduce the properties of the liquids and solids involved. We developed a phase-change regulator and first carried out a physical distribution simulation test on the fluids and solids used. We also introduce the first-ever field test of self-propping fracturing liquid in volume fracturing of an unconventional oil well. This technology solves the technical difficulties associated with unconventional sand fracturing, especially those concerning the improvement of the fracture-controlled reserves. Its successful implementation provides new design concepts and advances technological change in the hydraulic fracturing industry.
Effect of Nanoparticle Shape on Viscoelastic Surfactant Performance at High Temperatures
Authors: Hanafy Ahmed , Najem Faisal , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) have been used for acid diversion and fracturing fluids. VESs were introduced because they are less damaging than polymers. VESs' high cost, low thermal stability, and incompatibility with several additives (e.g., corrosion inhibitors) limit their use. The goal of this study is to investigate the interaction of VES micelles with different nanoparticle shapes to reduce VES loadings and enhance their thermal stability.
This work examined spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles of silica and iron oxides. The effects of particle size, shape, and surface charge on a zwitterionic VES micellization were conducted. The physical properties were measured using ζ-potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rheological performances of VES solutions were evaluated at 280 and 350°F using a high-pressure/high-temperature rotational rheometer. The proppant-carrying capacity of the fracturing fluids was evaluated using a high-pressure/high-temperature see-through cell and dynamic oscillatory viscometer. The fluid loss and formation damage were determined using corefloods and computed-tomography scans.
The interaction between nanoparticles and VES is strongly dependent on the VES concentration, temperature, nanoparticle characteristics, and concentration. The spherical particles at 7-lbm/1,000 gal loading extended the VES-based-fluid thermal stability at VES loading of 4 wt% up to 350°F. The nanorods effectively enhanced and extended the thermal-stability range of the VES system at VES concentration of only 2 wt%. Both particle shapes performed similarly at 4 wt% VES and 280°F. The addition of silica nanorods extended the thermal stability of the 4 wt% VES aqueous fluid, which resulted in an apparent viscosity of 200 cp for 2 hours. The addition of rod-shaped particles enhanced the micelle to micelle entanglement, especially at VES loading of 2 wt%. The use of nanoparticles enhanced the micelle/micelle networking, boosting the fluid-storage modulus and enhancing the proppant-carrying capacity. The addition of nanoparticles to the VES lowered its fluid-loss rate and minimized formation damage caused by VES-fluid invasion.
This research gives guidelines to synthesize nanoparticles to accommodate the chemistry of surfactants for higher-temperature applications. It highlights the importance of the selected nanoparticles on the rheological performance of VES.
Trends in the incidence of diabetes mellitus: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 and implications for diabetes mellitus prevention
Authors: Liu Jinli , Ren Zhen-Hu , Qiang Hua , Wu Jine , Shen Mingwang , Zhang Lei , Lyu Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease and a severe public health issue. The incidence trends for type 1 diabetes (TIDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have rarely been studied on a global scale. We aimed to determine the temporal and geographical trends of diabetes globally.Methods: Data on diabetes mellitus, including incidence, prevalence from 1990 to 2017 were obtained from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of diabetes mellitus according to sex, region, and disease type.Results: The worldwide incident cases of diabetes mellitus has increased by 102.9% from 11,303,084 cases in 1990 to 22,935,630 cases in 2017 worldwide, while the ASIR increased from 233.58/100,000 persons (95% UI, 218.95–249.37) to 284.56/100,000 persons (95% UI, 262.17–309.71) in this period [EAPC=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.79–0.96]. The global ASIRs of T1DM and T2DM both demonstrated significant increase during 1990-2017, with EAPCs of 0.34 (95% CI:0.30–0.39) and 0.89 (95% CI:0.80–0.97), respectively. The ASIR trends also varied considerably by regions and countries. The increase in ASIR was greatest in high sociodemographic index regions (EAPC=1.05, 95% CI:0.92–1.17) and lowest in low-SDI regions (EAPC=0.79, 95% CI:0.71–0.88). Conclusions: Both the number of incident cases and ASIR of diabetes mellitus increased significantly during 1990-2017 worldwide, but the temporal trends varied markedly across regions and countries.
WITHDRAWN: Outcomes in patients with early stage uterine clear cell carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Jie , Zhuang Guanglei , Zhou Cheng , Chua Chee Wai , Zhang Yi , Corsi Daniel J. , Di Wen , Yin Xia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC) is a rare histological type of endometrial cancer with poor prognosis and high risk of tumor relapse. Although adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy (RT) are often recommended for early stage UCCC patients, the effectiveness of these treatment strategies remains unclear. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were applied to evaluate treatment-related outcomes of stage I-II UCCC patients. Search strategy was applied using electronic databases until June 1st, 2019. Inclusion criteria were retrospective, observational and prospective studies that reported outcome of UCCC patients receiving adjuvant therapy. Clinical endpoints like overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers and a meta-analysis was performed. Results: 12 articles with a total of 3845 patients were analyzed. Overall, adjuvant CT after surgery could improve 5 year-OS significantly compared to patients without CT (odds ratio (OR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58-0.95; p=0.02). In comparison, RT could also improve OS in UCCC patients of early stage (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46-0.82; p=0.001) compared to the patients without RT, in US and Europe patients. Lastly, when comparing the patients undergoing both CT and RT with those receiving CT or RT alone, no further improvement in OS was observed (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.53-1.72; P=0.88). Conclusions: Either CT or RT after surgery could improve the OS of early stage of UCCC patients. However, combinatorial CT and RT treatment did not improve the OS compared with CT or RT treatment alone.
Single oral fixed-dose praziquantel-miltefosine nanocombination for effective control of experimental schistosomiasis mansoni
Authors: Eissa Maha Mohamed , El-Azzouni Mervat , El-Khordagui Labiba Khalil , Bary Amany Abdel , El-Moslemany Riham Mohamed , Salam Sara Ahmed Abdel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The control of schistosomiasis has been centered to date on a single drug, praziquantel, with shortcomings including treatment failure, reinfection, and emergence of drug resistance. Drug repurposing, combination therapy or nanotechnology were explored to improve antischistosomal treatment. The aim of the present study was to utilize a novel combination of the three strategies to improve the therapeutic profile of praziquantel. This was based on a fixed-dose nanocombination of praziquantel and miltefosine, an antischistosomal repurposing candidate, co-loaded at reduced doses into lipid nanocapsules, for single dose oral therapy.Methods: Two nanocombinations were prepared to provide 250 mg praziquantel-20 mg miltefosine/kg (higher fixed-dose) or 125 mg praziquantel-10 mg miltefosine/kg (lower fixed-dose), respectively. Their antischistosomal efficacy in comparison with a non-treated control and their praziquantel or miltefosine singly loaded counterparts was assessed in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. A single oral dose of either formulation was administered on the initial day of infection, and on days 21 and 42 post-infection. Scanning electron microscopic, parasitological, and histopathological studies were used for assessment. Preclinical data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukeyʼs post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons.Results: Lipid nanocapsules (~58 nm) showed high entrapment efficiency of both drugs (> 97%). Compared to singly loaded praziquantel-lipid nanocapsules, the higher nanocombination dose showed a significant increase in antischistosomal efficacy in terms of statistically significant decrease in mean worm burden, particularly against invasive and juvenile worms, and amelioration of hepatic granulomas (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, scanning electron microscopy examination showed extensive dorsal tegumental damage with noticeable deposition of nanostructures.Conclusions: The therapeutic profile of praziquantel could be improved by a novel multiple approach integrating drug repurposing, combination therapy and nanotechnology. Multistage activity and amelioration of liver pathology could be achieved by a new praziquantel-miltefosine fixed-dose nanocombination providing 250 mg praziquantel-20 mg miltefosine/kg. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a fixed-dose nano-based combinatorial therapy for schistosomiasis mansoni. Further studies are needed to document the nanocombination safety and explore its prophylactic activity and potential to hinder the onset of resistance to the drug components.
Learning Experiences Among GP Registrars After a Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Training Program: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Sjöström Rita , Klockmo Carolina , Söderström Lars , Nilsson Gunnar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Until recently, clinical ultrasound technology was limited to the hospital-based disciplines, and few studies assessed training in focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) in primary care. We designed an interview study among general practitioner (GP) registrars taking part in an FCU training program and discussed their experiences compared to their documented skills.Methods: This qualitative content analysis used an inductive approach. Five GP registrars and their tutor participated in semi-structured individual interviews during April–July 2017. Participants were interviewed after they each had conducted 20 supervised and 7–10 independent examinations and were encouraged to complete self-directed study using video tutorials on web-based platforms. FCU examinations of study patients recruited from primary care clinics were conducted with a hand-held device (Vscan 1.2) at the Centre of Clinical Research, Östersund Hospital, Sweden. Results: We identified two categories of information: the prerequisites of learning FCU and the acquisition of skills for professional development. Combining theoretical education with hands-on tutorials was an essential part of FCU learning. However, participants suggested that the training program should include group tutorials to give a deeper understanding of scanning positions and a reference standard for evaluating the FCU recordings. In skill acquisition, participants experienced more confidence in performing the technical aspects of FCU than in interpreting the images to evaluate cardiac function. The participants saw several possibilities for applying FCU in primary care, including as a screening tool in rural clinics or to support referrals to specialized care.Conclusions: After completing 20 supervised FCU training sessions, previously inexperienced examiners felt that assessment of cardiac function was more difficult than acquiring adequate ultrasound images. To gain confidence in assessment of cardiac function, respondents suggested personal feedback and group tutorials with discussion of clinical examples in smaller groups for improvement of learning. Demographic differences between patients seen in hospital wards and primary care clinics should also be considered in the design of FCU training programs. Trial registration: NTC02939157, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Temperature niche difference and interspecific competition determine the parapatric distribution of two congeneric species in Diaphanosoma
Authors: Liu Ping , Pan Jiaying , Lin Jianhao , Wen Zhanming , Huang Qi , Pajk Franja , Dumont Henri , Han Bo-Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Diaphanosoma excisum and D. dubium are parapatrically distributed in tropical and subtropical waters, and rarely coexist at local communities in the transition between tropics and subtropics. According to Janzen’s hypothesis and the modern coexistence theory, the specific thermal adaptation and strong interspecific competition between the two congeneric species are assumed to result in their range limits. To explore the mechanisms underlying such parapatric distribution, we modeled their current geographic distribution, and compared temperature niche difference and fitness inequality in interspecific competition with their representative clones.Results The species distribution modeling showed that the two Diaphanosoma species had significantly divergent climate niches. Their life history parameters in monocultures also demonstrated as stable temperature niche difference, while D. excisum had higher fitness than D. dubium in dimension of food niche. The competition experiments revealed a strong exploitative competition between the two species, and D. excisum was the superior competitor, and excluded D. dubium in all the competition experiments within overlapping temperature niche regardless of food conditions.Conclusions Our results suggest that stable temperature niche difference overcoming interspecific competition for food plays a critical role in shaping Diaphanosoma species range.
Selecting contextually appropriate performance indicators for Northern maternity care systems: A modified Delphi approach
Authors: Rich Rebecca , D'Hont Thomsen , Murphy Kellie , Veillard Jeremy , Chatwood Susan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Meaningful performance measurement requires indicators to be scientifically robust and strategically focused. For many circumpolar states, indicators aligned with national strategies may ignore the priorities of northern, remote, or Indigenous populations. The aim of this project was to identify contextually appropriate performance indicators for maternity care in Northern regions.
Methods

A scoping review generated a working list of indicators. Fourteen maternity care and health systems experts then participated in a modified Delphi consensus process. Participants rated proposed indicators according to importance, circumpolar relevance, validity, and reliability and suggested additional indicators for consideration.
Results

Consensus was achieved after two rounds. Eleven indicators were rated highly on all four criteria. Twenty-nine indicators, largely focused on social determinants of health, health care responsiveness, and accessibility, were identified for further research.
Conclusions

The Delphi approach was effective in identifying indicators for maternity care in Northern regions. Further research and collaboration with key stakeholders is necessary to further develop indicators of health system responsiveness and accessibility.
Identification and characterization of developmental, tissue, and evolutionary transcription start sites in Bos taurus indicus
Authors: Forutan Mehrnush , Ross Elizabeth , Chamberlain Amanda , Nguyen Loan , Mason Brett , Moore Stephen , Xiang Ruidong , Hayes Ben 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To further the understanding of the evolution of transcriptional regulation, we profiled genome-wide transcriptional start sites (TSSs) in two sub-species, Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus, that diverged approximately 500,000 years ago. Evolutionarily divergent TSSs were observed in more than half of the genes expressed across the sub-species, ranging from extreme cases in which a TSS was observed only in one sub-species to intermediate situations in which a corresponding TSS had been translocated by > 50 nucleotides, to situations where the number of TSS differed between the sub-species. Fetal and adult stages not only had their own regulatory profile of active and inactive genes but also their own pattern of TSSs. Given indicus are more adapted to heat, we also specifically investigated TSSs for heat shock proteins. More variation was observed in number of TSSs for heat shock proteins in indicus than taurus. This study confirmed that most genes are regulated in a tissue-specific manner.
Stigmatization, psychological and emotional trauma among frontline health care workers treated for COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria: A qualitative study
Authors: KWAGHE AYI VANDI , Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Amede Peter Okpeh , Okediran James Olatunde , Utulu Rowland , Balogun Muhammad Shakir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in global health and economic crisis. We investigated the experiences of frontline health care workers recovering from COVID-19 in Lagos State Nigeria.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study among frontline health workers recovering from COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria. We interviewed 12 respondents based on data saturation. We used a checklist of questions to guide the interview according to the phenomenon under study. Data obtained was analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.
Results
The study was summarized under five themes: knowledge of COVID-19, exposure, reactions, challenges and recommendations. The respondents were quite knowledgeable on COVID-19, their reactions when informed of their status were denial, anxiety, distress, disorientation, crying for fear of stigmatization, while some were psychologically prepared. Reactions from colleagues, family and friends were encouraging and provided solace for them with a few colleagues and families that had negative reactions. Challenges include anosmia, movement restriction, loneliness, worries about the state of their families, nondisclosure of status to family members, non-conducive isolation centre with limited space, insomnia, stigmatization by health workers at the isolation centre, extended duration of stay, delay in the release of test results and use of ambulance for evacuation to the isolation centres. Coping strategies were watching movies, phone calls, use of social media, listening to music, attending webinars, working on projects and reading spiritual books. Recommendations were early laboratory testing of samples and conveying of results, increase testing capacity, the need of health care workers to be more compassionate, better method of evacuation of people that tested positive to COVID-19, aside the use of ambulance that increases the likelihood of stigmatization and standard guideline for the case management of people recovering from COVID-19 in Lagos state.
Conclusions
Respondents felt stigmatized and psychologically and morally traumatized. Isolation is a difficult experience and some negative emotions as expressed by previous studies were experienced by the respondents. There is need for increased testing capacity, timely results, early evacuation and creation of more isolation centres in Lagos State due to the rising number of cases and shortage of bed space.