bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Mn2+ ions substituted nanosized nickel–copper–cobalt ferrites through sol–gel auto-combustion method
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Aimin , Zhao Xiqian , Pan Xiaoguang , Han Yingqiang 
Published: December 2019

Manganese substituted nickel–copper–cobalt ferrite nanoparticles having the basic composition [Formula: see text] (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) were synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate phase purity and lattice symmetry. All the prepared samples show the single-phase cubic spinel structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements also confirm the cubic spinel structure of the ferrite that is formed. The preparation of samples show these nearly spherical particles by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetic properties of Mn[Formula: see text] ion substituted in nickel–copper–cobalt ferrite were studied by Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The saturation magnetization ([Formula: see text]), remanent magnetization [Formula: see text], coercivity [Formula: see text], magnetic moment [Formula: see text] and anisotropy constant [Formula: see text] first increase and then decrease with the increase of [Formula: see text] ions content. They had better magnetism than pure sample and other substituted samples when the substitution amount of [Formula: see text] ions was [Formula: see text]. At [Formula: see text], the maximum values of remanent magnetization [Formula: see text], saturation magnetization [Formula: see text] and coercivity [Formula: see text] are 25.58 emu/g, 61.95 emu/g and 689.76 Oe, respectively. This indicates that the magnetism of ferrite can improve by substituting with the appropriate amount of manganese. However, due to the excess [Formula: see text] ions instead, ferrite magnetism is weakened. This means that these materials can be used in magnetic data storage and recording media.
Projections generated by Moore–Penrose inverses and core inverses
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Peng Fei 
Published: December 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a unital ∗-ring. As is well known, idempotents and projections can be constructed by the Moore–Penrose inverse and the core inverse of an element in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we mainly investigate characterizations and properties of these types of idempotents and projections. Also, several results in [Hartwig and Spindelböck, Matrices for which [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] commute, Linear Multilinear Algebra 14 (1984) 241–256] are extended to a general ∗-ring without ∗-cancellable conditions. As applications, the characterization of EP elements is given.
ACM SIGAI activity report
Authors: Koenig Sven , Das Sanmay , Paradis Rosemary , Dickerson John , Gil Yolanda , Guo Katherine , Kuipers Benjamin , Leite Iolanda , Ma Hang , Mattei Nicholas , McGovern Amy , Medsker Larry , Neller Todd , Neumann Marion , Petrov Plamen , Rovatsos Michael , Stork David 
Published: December 2019

We are happy to present the annual activity report of the ACM Special Interest Group on AI (ACM SIGAI), covering the period from July 2018 to June 2019.
The scope of ACM SIGAI consists of the study of intelligence and its realization in computer systems (see also its web-site at sigai.acm.org). This includes areas such as
autonomous agents, cognitive modeling, computer vision, constraint programming, human language technologies, intelligent user interfaces, knowledge discovery, knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning, planning and search, problem solving and robotics.
Members come from academia, industry and government agencies worldwide. ACM SIGAI recently added two new ACM SIGAI chapters, namely one professional chapter in Laguna Nigel (USA) and one student chapter at the SRM Institute of Science & Technology in Chennai.
ACM SIGAI also added two new officers this year to be able to serve its membership better, namely Iolanda Leite from the Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) as second newsletter editor-in-chief and Marion Neumann from Washington University in St. Louis (USA) as diversity officer, thus increasing diversity in the ACM SIGAI leadership committee by increasing both the number of international officers and the number of female officers and also furthering the internationalization of the ACM SIGAI newsletter. Marion will be covering diversity also as part of the ACM SIGAI newsletter. ACM SIGAI started officers meetings at major AI conferences already in 2018 and continued the new practice in 2019 (so far at the AAAI Conference), in addition to all-officers teleconferences and a monthly ACM SIGAI leadership teleconference.
A myogenic motor pattern in mice lacking myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal explained by a second coupled oscillator network
Authors: Parsons Sean P. , Huizinga Jan D. 
Published: December 2019

The interstitial cells of Cajal associated with the myenteric plexus (ICC-MP) are a network of coupled oscillators in the small intestine that generate rhythmic electrical phase waves leading to corresponding waves of contraction, yet rhythmic action potentials and intercellular calcium waves have been recorded from c-kit-mutant mice that lack the ICC-MP, suggesting that there may be a second pacemaker network. The gap junction blocker carbenoxolone induced a “pinstripe” motor pattern consisting of rhythmic “stripes” of contraction that appeared simultaneously across the intestine with a period of ~4 s. The infinite velocity of these stripes suggested they were generated by a coupled oscillator network, which we call X. In c-kit mutants rhythmic contraction waves with the period of X traveled the length of the intestine, before the induction of the pinstripe pattern by carbenoxolone. Thus X is not the ICC-MP and appears to operate under physiological conditions, a fact that could explain the viability of these mice. Individual stripes consisted of a complex pattern of bands of contraction and distension, and between stripes there could be slide waves and v waves of contraction. We hypothesized that these phenomena result from an interaction between X and the circular muscle that acts as a damped oscillator. A mathematical model of two chains of coupled Fitzhugh–Nagumo systems, representing X and circular muscle, supported this hypothesis. The presence of a second coupled oscillator network in the small intestine underlines the complexity of motor pattern generation in the gut.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Physiological experiments and a mathematical model indicate a coupled oscillator network in the small intestine in addition to the c-kit-expressing myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal. This network interacts with the circular muscle, which itself acts as a system of damped oscillators, to generate physiological contraction waves in c-kit (W) mutant mice.
Renewal Theory as a Universal Quantitative Framework to Characterize Phase Singularity Regeneration in Mammalian Cardiac Fibrillation
Authors: Dharmaprani Dhani , Schopp Madeline , Kuklik Pawel , Chapman Darius , Lahiri Anandaroop , Dykes Lukah , Xiong Feng , Aguilar Martin , Strauss Benjamin , Mitchell Lewis , Pope Kenneth , Meyer Christian , Willems Stephan , Akar Fadi G. , Nattel Stanley , McGavigan Andrew D. , Ganesan Anand N. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Despite a century of research, no clear quantitative framework exists to model the fundamental processes responsible for the continuous formation and destruction of phase singularities (PS) in cardiac fibrillation. We hypothesized PS formation/destruction in fibrillation could be modeled as self-regenerating Poisson renewal processes, producing exponential distributions of interevent times governed by constant rate parameters defined by the prevailing properties of each system.

Methods:

PS formation/destruction were studied in 5 systems: (1) human persistent atrial fibrillation (n=20), (2) tachypaced sheep atrial fibrillation (n=5), (3) rat atrial fibrillation (n=4), (5) rat ventricular fibrillation (n=11), and (5) computer-simulated fibrillation. PS time-to-event data were fitted by exponential probability distribution functions computed using maximum entropy theory, and rates of PS formation and destruction (λ
f
/λ
d
) determined. A systematic review was conducted to cross-validate with source data from literature.

Results:

In all systems, PS lifetime and interformation times were consistent with underlying Poisson renewal processes (human: λ
f
, 4.2%/ms±1.1 [95% CI, 4.0–5.0], λ
d
, 4.6%/ms±1.5 [95% CI, 4.3–4.9]; sheep: λ
f
, 4.4%/ms [95% CI, 4.1–4.7], λ
d
, 4.6%/ms±1.4 [95% CI, 4.3–4.8]; rat atrial fibrillation: λ
f
, 33%/ms±8.8 [95% CI, 11–55], λ
d
, 38%/ms [95% CI, 22–55]; rat ventricular fibrillation: λ
f
, 38%/ms±24 [95% CI, 22–55], λ
f
, 46%/ms±21 [95% CI, 31–60]; simulated fibrillation λ
d
, 6.6–8.97%/ms [95% CI, 4.1–6.7];
R

2

≥0.90 in all cases). All PS distributions identified through systematic review were also consistent with an underlying Poisson renewal process.

Conclusions:
Poisson renewal theory provides an evolutionarily preserved universal framework to quantify formation and destruction of rotational events in cardiac fibrillation.
Baseline Characteristics of the VANISH Cohort
Authors: Axelsson Raja Anna , Shi Ling , Day Sharlene M. , Russell Mark , Zahka Kenneth , Lever Harry , Colan Steven D. , Margossian Renee , Hall E. Kevin , Becker Jason , Jefferies John Lynn , Patel Amit R. , Choudhury Lubna , Murphy Anne M. , Canter Charles , Bach Richard , Taylor Matthew , Mestroni Luisa , Wheeler Matthew T. , Benson Lee , Owens Anjali T. , Rossano Joseph , Lin Kimberly Y. , Pahl Elfriede , Pereira Alexandre C. , Bundgaard Henning , Lewis Gregory D. , Vargas Jose D. , Cirino Allison L. , McMurray John J.V. , MacRae Calum A. , Solomon Scott D. , Orav E. John , Braunwald Eugene , Ho Carolyn Y. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The VANISH trial (Valsartan for Attenuating Disease Evolution in Early Sarcomeric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy) targeted young sarcomeric gene mutation carriers with early-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) to test whether valsartan can modify disease progression. We describe the baseline characteristics of the VANISH cohort and compare to previous trials evaluating angiotensin receptor blockers.

Methods:
Applying a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design, 178 participants with nonobstructive HCM (age, 23.3±10.1 years; 61% men) were randomized in the primary cohort and 34 (age, 16.5±4.9 years; 50% men) in the exploratory cohort of sarcomeric mutation carriers without left ventricular hypertrophy.

Results:

In the primary cohort, maximal left ventricular wall thickness was 17±4 mm for adults and
Z
score 7.0±4.5 for children. Nineteen percent had late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance. Mean peak oxygen consumption was 33 mL/kg per minute, and 92% of participants were New York Heart Association functional class I. New York Heart Association class II was associated with older age,
MYH7
variants, and more prominent imaging abnormalities. Six previous trials of angiotensin receptor blockers in HCM enrolled a median of 24 patients (range, 19–133) with mean age of 51.2 years; 42% of patients were in New York Heart Association class ≥II, and sarcomeric mutations were not required.

Conclusions:

The VANISH cohort is much larger, younger, less heterogeneous, and has less advanced disease than prior angiotensin receptor blocker trials in HCM. Participants had relatively normal functional capacity and mild HCM features. New York Heart Association functional class II symptoms were associated with older age, more prominent imaging abnormalities, and
MYH7
variants, suggesting both phenotype and genotype contribute to disease manifestations.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01912534.
Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Dewan Pooja , Rørth Rasmus , Raparelli Valeria , Campbell Ross T. , Shen Li , Jhund Pardeep S. , Petrie Mark C. , Anand Inder S. , Carson Peter E. , Desai Akshay S. , Granger Christopher B. , Køber Lars , Komajda Michel , McKelvie Robert S. , O’Meara Eileen , Pfeffer Marc A. , Pitt Bertram , Solomon Scott D. , Swedberg Karl , Zile Michael R. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
To describe characteristics and outcomes in women and men with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods:
Baseline characteristics (including biomarkers and quality of life) and outcomes (primary outcome: composite of first heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death) were compared in 4458 women and 4010 men enrolled in CHARM-Preserved (Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity) (EF≥45%), I-Preserve (Irbesartan in heart failure with Preserved ejection fraction), and TOPCAT-Americas (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist trial).

Results:

Women were older and more often obese and hypertensive but less likely to have coronary artery disease or atrial fibrillation. Women had more symptoms and signs of congestion and worse quality of life. Despite this, the risk of the primary outcome was lower in women (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.73–0.88]), as was the risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.62–0.80]), but there was no difference in the rate for first hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.82–1.02]). The lower risk of cardiovascular death in women, compared with men, was in part explained by a substantially lower risk of sudden death (hazard ratio, 0.53 [0.43–0.65];
P
<0.001). E/A ratio was lower in women (1.1 versus 1.2).

Conclusions:
There are significant differences between women and men with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Despite worse symptoms, more congestion, and lower quality of life, women had similar rates of hospitalization and better survival than men. Their risk of sudden death was half that of men.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00853658, NCT01035255.
Effect of Additional Rehabilitation After Botulinum Toxin-A on Upper Limb Activity in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Lannin Natasha A. , Ada Louise , English Coralie , Ratcliffe Julie , Faux Steven G. , Palit Mithu , Gonzalez Senen , Olver John , Cameron Ian , Crotty Maria ,   on behalf of the InTENSE Trial Group, Bowman Malcolm , Milte Rachel , Vratsistas-Curto Angela , McNamara Annabel , Shiner Christine , Lynch Elizabeth , Schneider Emma , Beaumont Louise , Killington Maggie , Coulter Megan , Sindhusake Doungkamol , Anthonisz Brian , Mei Khor Hong , Tan Justin , Teo Kwong , Ng Lily , Huang Lydia , Paul Maria , Simon Neil , Gupta Nidhi , Martens Rebecca , Bolitho Sam , Morrison Shea , Hooper Sue , Chow Yan , Watanabe Yuriko , Cowling Adrian , Flu Clara , Edwards Debbie , Toma Emily , Hendrey Genevieve , Sheehan Jacinta , Butler Josh , Hocking Judith , Rutzou Lauren , White Megan , Snigg Michael , Hughes Rhiannon , Sweeney Sarah , Flint Sophie , Levy Tam , Bramah Val , Lathlean Cameron , McCallum Carrie , Chui Elaine , Allan Frances , Webber Heather , Cameron Jenna , Campbell Jo , Lawson Julie , Zenouith Kalavani , Borschmann Karen , Moloney Katelyn , Jolliffe Laura , Cameron Lisa , Howlett Owen , Nicks Rebecca , O’Keefe Sophie 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—
The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of additional upper limb rehabilitation following botulinum toxin-A for upper limb activity in chronic stroke.

Methods—
We conducted a multicenter phase III randomized trial with concealed allocation, blinded measurement, and intention-to-treat analysis. One hundred forty stroke survivors who were scheduled to receive botulinum toxin-A in any muscle(s) that cross the wrist because of moderate to severe spasticity after a stroke >3 months ago, who had completed formal rehabilitation and had no significant cognitive impairment. Experimental group received botulinum toxin-A plus evidence-based movement training while the control group received botulinum toxin-A plus a handout of exercises. Primary outcomes were goal attainment (Goal Attainment Scaling) and upper limb activity (Box and Block Test) at 3 months (end of intervention). Secondary outcomes were spasticity, range of motion, strength, pain, burden of care, and health-related quality of life.

Results—
In terms of goal attainment, the experimental group scored the same (mean difference, 2 T-score [95% CI, −2 to 7]) as the control group on the Goal Attainment Scale. In terms of upper limb activity, by 3 months the experimental group moved blocks at the same speed (mean difference, 0.00 blocks/s [95% CI, −0.02 to 0.01]) as the control group on the Box and Block Test. There were no differences between groups on any secondary outcome except strength, in favor of the experimental group (mean difference, 1.4 kg [95% CI, 0.2–2.7]).

Conclusions—
Findings suggest that additional intensive upper limb rehabilitation following botulinum toxin-A in chronic stroke survivors with a disabled upper limb is not effective.

Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: ACTRN12615000616572.
Oral Anticoagulation in Asian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and a History of Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Kwon Soonil , Jung Jin-Hyung , Han Kyung-Do , Cha Myung-Jin , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—
Warfarin is associated with a better net clinical benefit compared with no treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). There are limited data on nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in these patients, especially in the Asian population. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of NOACs to warfarin in a large-scale nationwide Asian population with AF and a history of ICH.

Methods—
Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database from January 2010 to April 2018, we identified patients with oral anticoagulant naïve nonvalvular AF with a prior spontaneous ICH. For the comparisons, warfarin and NOAC groups were balanced using propensity score weighting. Ischemic stroke, ICH, composite outcome (ischemic stroke+ICH), fatal ischemic stroke, fatal ICH, death from composite outcome, and all-cause death were evaluated as clinical outcomes.

Results—

Among 5712 patients with AF with prior ICH, 2434 were treated with warfarin and 3278 were treated with NOAC. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced after propensity score weighting (mean age 72.5 years and CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score 4.0). Compared with warfarin, NOAC was associated with lower risks of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.61–0.97]), ICH (HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.47–0.92]), and composite outcome (HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.60–0.88]). NOAC was associated with lower risks of fatal stroke (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.32–0.89]), death from composite outcome (HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.34–0.81]), and all-cause death (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.69–0.99]) than warfarin. NOAC showed nonsignificant trends toward to reduce fatal ICH compared with warfarin (HR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.20–1.03]).

Conclusions—
NOAC was associated with a significant lower risk of ICH and ischemic stroke compared with warfarin. NOAC might be a more effective and safer treatment option for Asian patients with nonvalvular AF and a prior history of ICH.
Calibrated Proportionality
Authors: Dixon Rosalind 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe High Court currently applies two different tests to determine the validity of laws that effectively burden the implied freedom of political communication (‘IFPC’) under the Constitution—a test of ‘structured proportionality’ and one of ‘calibrated scrutiny’. Both tests have potential advantages, and disadvantages, but there is also a case that, over time, the Court should again adopt a single approach to assessing the validity of laws burdening the IFPC. The article therefore explores what it might mean to create a true hybrid between the two current approaches—that is, a test of ‘calibrated proportionality’. Such an approach, it suggests, should be understood as having three key dimensions: first, explaining how and when certain context-specific ‘calibrating’ factors could usefully inform a test of ‘necessity’ and ‘adequacy in the balance’ under a test of structured proportionality; second, showing how attention to constitutional values can help calibrate the intensity of the Court’s application of the tests; and third, suggesting a well-identified continuum for calibrating the intensity of judicial review, based on four broad categories of case.
Clinical Characteristics of External Auditory Canal Foreign Bodies in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kim Keon-Ho , Chung Jae Ho , Byun Hayoung , Zheng Tao , Jeong Jin-Hyeok , Lee Seung Hwan 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Foreign bodies (FBs) in external auditory canal (EAC) can occur at any age but are especially common in children and adolescents. The aims of the study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics of EAC FBs in children and adolescents and to discuss their proper management. Methods: A retrospective medical chart review was performed on patients who were treated for EAC FBs in a tertiary referral center from January 2007 to December 2017. We investigated the parameters of age, sex, type of FB, sedation method, complications, and removal strategy. Results: Of 284 patients, 176 (62.0%) were male. Peak incidences were noted at the ages of 3 to 6 years and 17 to 18 years. The frequently observed FBs were insects, followed by air-gun pellets, cotton balls, marbles, and earrings. Forty-one (14.4%) EAC FBs were removed with the naked eye, while 243 (85.6%) were removed under microscope in the otolaryngology department. Of these patients, 23 (9.5%) were administered sedatives and 1 (4.1%) needed general anesthesia. During or after the removal procedure, 4 (15.5%) patients had complications of EAC abrasion or laceration (42, 14.8%), and tympanic membrane perforation (2, 0.7%). Conclusions: External auditory canal FB showed a distinct characteristic of incidence regarding age, related to removal strategies. Characteristics of FB must be considered for safe removal.
Outcomes of the Active in My Home (AiMH) intervention for people with psychiatric disabilities in supported housing: A longitudinal pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Eklund Mona , Argentzell Elisabeth , Bejerholm Ulrika , Brunt David , Tjörnstrand Carina 
Published: December 2019

Introduction Facilitating occupational engagement in residents with psychiatric disabilities living in supported housing is important, because meaningful occupation is closely related to wellbeing. The aim was to explore whether residents taking part in the intervention Active in My Home (AiMH) made any changes in activity and recovery from baseline to completed AiMH; whether satisfaction with AiMH was related to any changes; and if changes between baseline and completed AiMH were stable at follow-up. Method AiMH consists of eight sessions for residents and includes workshops for staff. This no-control study involved seven supported housing units and 29 residents who took part in data collection at the start and completion of AiMH and at follow-up after 6–9 months. Outcomes concerned occupational engagement, the unit’s provision of meaningful activity, personal recovery, psychosocial functioning and symptom severity. Findings Improvements occurred in the AiMH participants’ occupational engagement ( Z = −2.63, p = 0.008) and personal recovery ( Z = −1.98, p = 0.048) from start to completion of AiMH. The improvement on occupational engagement was stable at follow-up ( Z = −3.01, p = 0.005), when also psychosocial functioning ( Z = −2.39, p = 0.017) and psychiatric symptoms ( Z = −2.42, p = 0.016) had improved. Conclusion This study could not show whether the improvements were due to AiMH or other factors. The findings are still promising, however, and encourage further development and testing of AiMH.