bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ikelos‐Rating Scale: Validation of a Behavioural Severity Marker in REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder
Authors: Stotz Sophia , Bes Frederik , Kunz Dieter 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe Ikelos‐Rating Scale (Ikelos‐RS) is a new, expert‐interviewed and bedpartner‐reported severity marker assessing frequency and expression of isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD), a precursor of clinical α‐synucleinopathies. This study aimed to validate the Ikelos‐RS in 180 patients with three‐night PSG‐confirmed iRBD (68.4 ± 8.3 years; 139 m). Inter‐rater (n = 45) and test–retest reliabilities (n = 25; 174 Ikelos‐RS) were evaluated. For construct validity, correlation analyses were performed with: (1) Clinical Global Impressions‐Severity (CGI‐S; n = 151), (2) REM sleep without atonia (RWA) within videometry (n = 20), (3) RWA at initial diagnosis (n = 131) and changes over time (n = 36), (4) dopamine transporter scintigraphy (DaT‐SPECT) at baseline and changes over time (n = 75). RWA‐ and DaT‐SPECT‐analyses were conducted for the whole sample (‘all’) and after excluding confounders (‘cleaned’). Correlation analyses indicated high inter‐rater (rs = 0.865, p < 0.001) and test–retest reliabilities (rs = 0.900, p < 0.001). Construct validity was supported by associations of Ikelos‐RS with (1) CGI‐S (rs = 0.845, p < 0.001), (2) RWA within videometric analysis (rs = 0.592, p = 0.006) and at baseline (‘all’: rs = 0.274, p = 0.002), (3) DaT‐binding (z‐scores) at baseline in right anterior putamen (AP) (‘all’: rs = −0.319, p = 0.005) and changes over time, most pronounced in right anterior putamen (AP) (‘all’: rs = −0.243, p = 0.035; ‘cleaned’: rs = −0.374, p = 0.008) and left posterior putamen (PP) (‘all’: rs = −0.259, p = 0.025; ‘cleaned’: rs = −0.319, p = 0.024). Given its high reliability and construct validity, demonstrated by associations with the best available severity markers DaT‐binding ratios and RWA, Ikelos‐RS appears to represent a reliable, valid and easy‐to‐use tool for measuring the severity of iRBD. Thus, Ikelos‐RS may prove beneficial in research. Its suitability as a screening tool in older at‐risk populations needs to be proven in future studies.
Inclusion
Authors: Perez Grecia L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEconomic inclusion is generally regarded as a desirable goal for historically marginalized communities, but a critical reading of this goal raises important questions: who is included and/or excluded? And what are the power relations that structure decisions about the form of inclusivity in any economic development process? In this essay, I reflect on my community‐engaged research with Just San Bernardino (Just SB), a coalition of nine community‐based and union organizations that formed in the wake of the Covid‐19 pandemic to redefine initiatives toward genuine forms of economic inclusion. This research documented long‐standing community frustrations and mismatched understandings of priorities among communities, grant‐making organizations, and governmental agencies. The research led Just SB to develop a People's Plan for an Inclusive Economy and a companion People's Dictionary to lay the groundwork for a shared understanding of key terms and their goals. Reflecting on this grassroots research process, I suggest that economic inclusion has no monolithic definition, but rather must be grounded in multiple social worldviews if we are to generate meaningful change.
Burnout, collective efficacy and the social network of an intensive care unit
Authors: Kiefer Amy K. , Shoham David A. , Joyce Cara , Burkhart Lisa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of burnout among critical care nurses is high. Burnout has been explored at the individual and system levels, with little research occurring at the unit level. Increased social support and self‐efficacy are correlated with a decreased risk of burnout at the individual level; however, little is known in how collective efficacy and types of social support are protective against the development of burnout.AimExplore the relationships between burnout, collective efficacy and social supports in an intensive care unit.Study DesignUsing a descriptive design, health care professionals working in an intensive care unit (n = 39) were recruited to complete surveys measuring burnout, collective efficacy and four types of social support (emotional, instrumental, informational and advice‐seeking). Data were analysed using Spearman's rank correlation and sociograms.ResultsThe unit displayed burnout with high levels of emotional exhaustion, moderate levels of depersonalization and high levels of personal accomplishment. The unit had high levels of collective efficacy. Collective efficacy demonstrated a significant and strong negative correlation with emotional exhaustion (rs = −0.57, p < .001) and a significant strong positive correlation with personal accomplishment (rs = 0.50, p < .005). The advice‐seeking network was dense (67%) and advice‐seeking social support had a significant negative association with personal accomplishment (rs = −0.35, p < .01).ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that burnout develops sequentially from emotional exhaustion to depersonalization to lack of personal accomplishment. Social network analysis methods displayed a deeper understanding of community on a unit than prior quantitative research exploring burnout.Relevance to Clinical PracticeTo decrease burnout, we recommend assessing burnout as a continuum and as a unit‐level risk factor. Interventions should be identified that strengthen community on the unit as well as supporting unit leaders.
Patients' and family members' dyadic experience of post‐operative delirium in the intensive care unit: A qualitative study
Authors: Jing Dong , Weijing Sui , Yiyu Zhuang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative delirium is a complication with long‐lasting consequences for both patients and their families. This is particularly true for those transferred to the intensive care unit after surgery, where the incidence of post‐operative delirium is high, and patient outcomes are often poor. Despite the acknowledged role of family engagement in delirium management, previous research has mainly focused on patients, with limited exploration of the shared experiences between patients and family members.AimThis study aims to explore the experiences of patients and family members during episodes of post‐operative delirium in the intensive care unit to better understand their unmet needs.Study DesignA qualitative descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary general hospital. Eighteen pairs of patients, their family members and two other family members were interviewed. Data were collected through face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews within the first week after patients' discharge from the intensive care unit and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour major themes emerged: (1) the dyadic relationship between patients and family members must be understood in the context of their shared emotional and behavioural experiences; (2) family's history may predispose patients to post‐operative delirium; (3) family engagement may prevent the development of post‐operative delirium; and (4) inadequate communication between health care providers and patients or families may negatively affect post‐operative delirium outcomes.ConclusionsPost‐operative delirium presents significant emotional and physical challenges for both patients and their families. Addressing these challenges requires improved communication between health care providers and families, as well as strategies that emphasize early family support and collaboration in care.Relevance to Clinical PracticePatients and their families should be considered a unit during post‐operative delirium management, and earlier family engagement is essential. Health care systems should adapt intensive care unit practices to meet the dynamic needs of families, promoting more comprehensive support during critical care.
Atrophic Facial Plaque in a 4‐Month‐Old Male: An Unusual Presentation of Hair Follicle Nevus
Authors: Li Christine , Neale Holly , Plumptre Isabella , O'Donnell Patrick , Goldberg Dori , Wiss Karen , Reusch Diana 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHair follicle nevus is a rare benign follicular hamartoma that is characterized histologically by the proliferation of vellus hair follicles with peri‐follicular fibrous thickening. Clinically, hair follicle nevus is most commonly reported as an asymptomatic papule or nodule on the head and neck. Here, we describe an unusual presentation of hair follicle nevus presenting as an atrophic plaque on the cheek of a male infant.
NAC transcription factors transcriptionally fine‐tune signal homeostasis in plant systemic acquired resistance
Authors: Wang Hui , Tariq Leeza , Yan Yuqing , Bi Yan , Song Fengming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSmall signalling molecules, such as salicylic acid (SA) and N‐hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), act synergistically to activate systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a major form of plant inducible immunity. The transcriptional regulation of SA biosynthesis controlled by different transcription factors (TFs) has been well documented in SAR. Several TFs, e.g., SARD1, CBP60g and WRKY33, positively regulate NHP biosynthesis; however, direct negative modulators have remained elusive. Recently, Cai et al. (2024) identified a NAC triad composed of NAC‐type TFs, NAC90, NAC36, and NAC61, that negatively regulates NHP and SA biosynthesis. NAC90 and NAC36 act as negative regulators of plant immunity by repressing transcription of ALD1, FMO1, and ICS1, the major NHP and SA biosynthetic genes, via direct binding to their promoters. These TFs, along with another NAC TF, NAC61, form heterodimers, further enhancing their repressive effects on NHP and SA biosynthesis. These findings establish the NAC90‐NAC61‐NAC36 triad as a negative regulator of NHP and SA levels. In this viewpoint article, we present our perspectives on further investigations to gain comprehensive insight into transcriptional regulation of SAR signal homeostasis.
Silicon application enhances resistance against sorghum mosaic virus infection in sugarcane
Authors: Chen Jiaoyun , Zeng Zhen , Chen Junyan , Li Yongjia , Zhang Yi , Maqsood Ambreen , Chen Jianwen , Shen Wankuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMosaic disease is one of the predominant viral diseases affecting sugarcane plants worldwide. In China, it is mainly caused by the sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV). Exogenous silicon (ESi) has emerged as a promising inducer of plant disease resistance. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic effects of exogenous silicon on enhancing the resistance to SrMV in sugarcane. ESi was applied to the soil at different rates (15 g per barrel−1, 30 g per barrel−1, and 45 g per barrel−1), leading to a significant reduction in disease incidence (26.66–82.22%) compared to non‐silicon‐treated plants. Silicon application (15 g ESi barrel−1, 30 g ESi barrel−1) mitigated SrMV inhibition of sugarcane growth, including plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area, while improving photosynthesis, including stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate.Additionally, silicon mitigates SrMV‐induced degradation of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid content, alongside heightened activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and decreased content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in sugarcane leaves. The ultrastructural analysis revealed silicon's capacity to reduce SrMV accumulation within sugarcane mesophyll cells while preserving chloroplast integrity. Additionally, silicon application increases SA content in sugarcane leaves and upregulates the expression of key SA pathway genes (PAL, PR1, NPR1). These findings suggest that silicon may contribute to sugarcane resistance to SrMV by potentially influencing antioxidant enzyme activity, ROS production, and SA pathway genes.
On the nature of signal 1 delivered to lymphocytes: A critical response to some considerations put forward in support of the quantum model of T cell activation
Authors: Bretscher Peter A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe original Two Signal Model of lymphocyte activation stated that antigen‐dependent lymphocyte cooperation is required for lymphocyte activation, whereas a single or a few antigen‐specific lymphocytes can be inactivated by antigen. A virtue of this model is its ability to account for peripheral tolerance. Both the activation and inactivation of lymphocytes were envisaged to require the lymphocytes' antigen‐specific receptors to interact with antigen, leading to signal 1. We consider here the proposition that the sensitivity to antigen concentration for the generation of signal 1, to support both differentiation processes, is the same. This situation optimizes the reliability of peripheral tolerance and minimizes the effects of lymphocyte inactivation in decreasing the diversity of the lymphocytes. We consider the broader implications of this Principle of Parsimonious Sensitivity in regulating the activity of lymphocytes.
A New Allele HLA‐DPA1*02:02:02:19 Identified by HLA‐Targeted Third‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Zhao Yuanli , Chen Yingjie , Wang Yuqi , Zhu Huachao , Ren Juan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHLA‐DPA1*02:02:02:19 differs from HLA‐DPA1*02:02:02:02 by one nucleotide change in intron 1.
A Novel HLA‐DRB1 Allele, HLA‐DRB1*03:72:02, Identified by Sequence‐Based Typing in a Chinese Individual
Authors: Zhang Dan , Li Dongmei , Wang Jie , Lian Xue , Li Wei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHLA‐DRB1*03:72:02 differs from HLA‐DRB1*03:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 247 (codon 54) in exon 2.
The Novel HLA‐DQA1*05:90 Allele Detected in a Bone Marrow Donor Candidate Using Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Gaballa Ahmed , Söderström Anna , Lundin Nina , Eich Torsten 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA single nucleotide mismatch within exon 4 of HLA‐DQA1 differentiates the novel DQA1*05:90 allele from DQA1*05:09:01:03.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐B*35:628 Allele by Sequencing‐Based Typing
Authors: Pajot Thibault , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Labalette Myriam 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHLA‐B*35:628 differs from HLA‐B*35:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 109 in exon 3.
Identification of Three Novel HLA Alleles: HLA‐DPB1*1619:01, ‐DPB1*1621:01 and ‐DPB1*1737:01
Authors: Fabreti‐Oliveira Raquel Aparecida , de Oliveira Cintia Keilla Fabreti , da Silva Assis Aline , Nascimento Evaldo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIdentification of three novel HLA alleles HLA‐DPB1*1619:01, ‐DPB1*1621:01, and ‐DPB1*1737:01 in Brazilian individuals.
Discovery of the Novel HLA‐A*02:1196 Allele, First Identified in a Brazilian Individual
Authors: Mendes‐Oliveira Victoria , Pinto Jonathan , Vianna Romulo , Porto Luís Cristóvão , Secco Danielle 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe novel HLA‐A*02:1196 allele, first described in a potential bone marrow donor from Brazil.
Verb patterning and acculturation in Nigerian English
Authors: Abidoye Mary Ifeoluwa , Wolf Hans‐Georg 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpeech communities have the tendency to develop habits as to which words tend to co‐occur, in the form of coinages and collocational patterns, thus constituting an aspect conducive to the subtle emergence of language variation. As these co‐occurrence tendencies become lexicalised and confined to specific, rigid word combinations, new phraseological or fixed multi‐word units evolve. Our study aims to investigate the phraseological patterns of verbs in Nigerian English, focusing on the extent to which it has undergone a marked cognitive acculturation process. Utilising lexical keywords as search anchors in the Global Web‐based English corpus, we identified selected verb phraseological patterns indicative of innovations in Nigerian English. The richness of meanings and the unique collocational patterns of these verbs provide evidence of the ongoing acculturation process in Nigerian English.
Religion and Attitudes Toward Xenotransplantation: Results of a Nationwide Survey in the United States
Authors: Hurst Daniel J. , Padilla Luz A. , Zink Amanda , Parent Brendan , Kimberly Laura L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTReligious viewpoints have been shown to influence the ways in which many persons approach medical decision‐making and have been noted as a potential barrier to xenotransplantation acceptance. This study sought to explore how attitudes toward xenotransplantation differ among various religious beliefs. A national Likert‐scale survey was conducted in 2023 with a representative sample in the United States. Religious belief was self‐reported. Regression analysis was used to identify associations with religious belief and hesitations about xenotransplantation. Five thousand and eight individuals across the United States responded to the survey. The two biggest concerns about xenotransplantation across religious groups were the current lack of evidence about success and the risk of xenozoonosis. Although they still expressed concerns about certain issues, Catholic and Muslim respondents were most comfortable with xenotransplantation for all. On average, the risk of xenozoonosis was a concern among 25% across all religious beliefs (p <0.0001). Orthodox Christians expressed the highest rate of negative feelings toward the recent xenotransplantation experiments on brain dead and living individuals. Those who reported no religion were most likely to have negative feelings about killing pigs for human organ transplant (OR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08–1.46). As xenotransplantation progresses from pre‐clinical studies to clinical trials, and potentially to clinical therapy, hesitations among religious groups exist. Specific studies should be designed to investigate how religious viewpoints can affect xenotransplantation acceptance.
An IgM Cleaving Enzyme for Clearance of Anti‐Pig Xenoreactive Antibodies in a Nonhuman Primate Model
Authors: Martinino Alessandro , Smith Timothy J. , Elmore Zachary C. , Yoon Janghoon , Ladowski Joseph , Schiliro Davide , Hull Joshua A. , Schwalb Allie , Hu Meghan , Spangler Ryan , Lee Kyo Won , Kim Min Jung , Williams Kyha , Jackson Annette , Knechtle Stuart J. , Asokan Aravind , Kwun Jean 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe removal of preformed antibodies with cleaving enzymes like IdeS (imlifidase) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in organ transplantation for sensitized recipients. However, preformed xenoreactive antibodies (XAbs) against porcine glycans are predominantly IgM and considered detrimental in pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation.MethodsRecombinant IceM, an endopeptidase cleaving IgM, was generated in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Four maximally MHC‐mismatched rhesus macaques underwent two serial skin transplantations to model allosensitized patients awaiting xenotransplantation. IceM was administered IV in allosensitized animals at 28 and 56 days after the first skin transplantation to assess in vivo IgM cleavage. Total IgG and IgM were quantified with western blot, and anti‐pig (xenoreactive) IgG/IgM were evaluated using flow crossmatch. B cells and their subpopulations were assessed using flow cytometry.ResultsIceM selectively cleaved human IgM, while showing no cleavage activity toward other isotypes, including IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE. Additionally, IceM cleaves only human and nonhuman primate IgM in vitro, but not in sera from other species. At a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, IceM reduced xenoreactive IgM levels to 13.76% ± 4.98% of baseline (B cell flow crossmatch) at 24 h postadministration, with baseline levels restored approximately 2 weeks after treatment. Additionally, animals showed similar kinetics of xenoreactive IgM degradation with the repeated dose of IceM.ConclusionIn this study, we report a recombinant bacterial enzyme that selectively cleaves IgM in human and nonhuman primate sera. Repeat administration of IceM in macaques enables selective, robust clearance of circulating xenoreactive IgM. This approach will be useful in treating preformed natural and rebound IgM in xenotransplantation.
A procedure to isolate the electrical capacitance of tooth contacts from charging curve measurements of a gear stage
Authors: Werner Michel , Meinel Andreas , Graf Simon , Koch Oliver 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper describes a procedure to partition electrical capacitance measurements of a single-stage gearbox into its individual components: the capacitances of contact zone, inlet/outlet zone of the contact, trailing tooth flank, oil sump and surrounding components, such as the housing. It is shown via a comparison of Bearinx simulations with experimental measurements that the capacitance of a gear stage can be calculated sufficiently accurate by using experimentally determined correction factors. Furthermore, it is shown why both a high temporal resolution and the recording of at least one gear revolution are necessary capture the capacitive behavior of a gearbox in an experimental investigation. It is also shown how speed, load and temperature affect the capacitance and how the capacitance varies along the line of action.
Surgical management of neuromuscular scoliosis in paediatric patients: experiences from a tertiary centre multidisciplinary team
Authors: Khan Faris , Khan Anas , Chinnery Lucy , Loveridge Jake , Zhang James , Polychronakis Theofilos 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundManagement of neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) is challenging, with both surgical and conservative options involving risks. This study aimed to evaluate multimorbidity in patients with NMS and how this influences multidisciplinary team (MDT) decisions as well as postoperative outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients referred for assessment by the scoliosis MDT in the 8-year period between 2013 and 2021 from a single tertiary centre.Results84 patients with NMS were referred for assessment to the MDT. The most common underlying cause of NMS was cerebral palsy (51%). The MDT recommended surgery for 60 patients and 24 were conservatively managed. There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index or baseline Cobb angle between the two groups. Patients recommended surgery had fewer comorbidities (2.3 vs 3.5, p<0.05) and greater Cobb angle progression in the 18 months prior to MDT decision (22° vs 8°, p<0.05). No single comorbidity significantly influenced the MDT decision. Of the 48 patients that proceeded with surgery, immediate postoperative complications were documented in 54.1%, with no mortality. The most common complications were postoperative anaemia and respiratory infections. Multivariate logistic regression identified the use of non-invasive ventilation, forced vital capacity <70% of predicted and full-time wheelchair use as significant predictors of immediate postoperative complications. Improved posture was the most common long-term outcome (41.7%) and 81.3% of patients reported no complications at 12 months following their surgery.ConclusionsMultimorbidity in children with NMS influences scoliosis MDT decisions, alongside factors such as scoliosis curve progression. Immediate postoperative complications were common but longer term outcomes were favourable for most patients. Further research aiming to better inform shared decision-making, improve surgical selection and ultimately enhance the quality of life for patients with NMS is required.