bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of recurrence and survival probability after second recurrence of retroperitoneal sarcoma: A study from TARPSWG
Authors: van Houdt Winan J. , Fiore Marco , Barretta Francesco , Rutkowski Piotr , Blay Jean‐Yves , Lahat Guy , Strauss Dirk , Gonzalez Ricardo J. , Ahuja Nita , Grignani Giovanni , Quagliuolo Vittorio , Stoeckle Eberhard , De Paoli Antonino , Schrage Yvonne , Cardona Kenneth , Pennacchioli Elisabetta , Pillarisetty Venu G. , Nessim Carolyn , Swallow Carol J. , Bagaria Sanjay P. , Canter Robert , Mullen John T. , Callegaro Dario , Fairweather Mark , Miceli Rosalba , Raut Chandrajit P. , Gronchi Alessandro , Gladdy Rebecca A. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundIn this series from the Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPSWG), the authors examined longitudinal outcomes of patients with a second recurrence of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) after complete resection of a first local recurrence (LR).MethodsData from patients undergoing resection of a first LR from January 2002 to December 2011were collected from 22 sarcoma centers. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) after second recurrence.ResultsSecond recurrences occurred in 400 of 567 patients (70.5%) after an R0/R1 resection of a first locally recurrent RPS. Patterns of disease recurrence were LR in 323 patients (80.75%), distant metastases (DM) in 55 patients (13.75%), and both LR and DM in 22 patients (5.5%). The main subtype among the LR group was liposarcoma (77%), whereas DM mainly were leiomyosarcomas (43.6%). In patients with a second LR only, a total of 200 patients underwent re‐resection (61.9%). The 5‐year OS rate varied significantly based on the pattern of failure (P < .001): 45.6% for the LR group, 25.5% for the DM group, and 0% for the group with LR and DM. The only factors found to be associated with improved OS on multivariable analysis were both time between second surgery and the development of the second recurrence (32 months vs 8 months: hazard ratio, 0.44 [P < .001]) and surgery for second recurrence (yes vs no: hazard ratio, 3.25 [P < .001]). The 5‐year OS rate for patients undergoing surgery for a second LR was 59% versus 18% in the patients not deemed suitable for surgical resection.ConclusionsSurvival rates after second recurrence of RPS varied based on patterns of disease recurrence and treatment. Durable disease‐free survivors were identified after surgery for second LR in patients selected for this intervention.
Reconstruction enhanced probabilistic model for semisupervised tongue image segmentation
Authors: Zhou Changen , Fan Haoyi , Zhao Wen , Xu Hongben , Lei Huangwei , Yang Zhaoyang , Li Zuoyong , Li Candong 
Published: August 2020

SummaryTongue segmentation is a key step of automatic tongue diagnosis, and the major challenges for the effective segmentation lie in the large appearance variations of tongue caused by different diseases, for example, tongue coating and tongue texture. Moreover, the limited labeled data also hinders traditional supervised methods from their powerful learning ability. To alleviate these challenges, in this work, we propose a reconstruction enhanced probabilistic model for semisupervised tongue segmentation, named SemiTongue, in which, image reconstruction constraint combined with adversarial learning is used to improve the accuracy of tongue segmentation. Specifically, based on a shared feature encoder that served as an inference model, two separate branches in SemiTongue as the generative model, which are composed of a segmentation decoder and a reconstruction decoder, are utilized to generate the tongue segmentation and reconstruct original tongue image respectively. Then, a discriminator is employed to differentiate the generated segmentation map from the ground truth segmentation distribution. Moreover, semisupervised learning is conducted through discriminator by discovering the reliable region in the generated segmentation map of unlabeled images, which is further utilized to supervise the segmentation branch. Experimental results compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods on real‐world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of SemiTongue.
Optimizing unbalanced text classification tasks by integrating critical data mining and restricted rewriting techniques
Authors: Zhou Jiale , Li Hong , Wang Chiyu , Li Xinrong , Shi Jiawen , Pang Zhicheng 
Published: August 2020

SummaryOversampling technology has been widely used to improve the classification task of unbalanced data. However, unlike structured data, the basic unit of text is words or characters, which can cause oversampling instances in digital space to lose word similarity in semantic space. To solve this problem, use text rewriting to directly generate artificial samples. Unfortunately, existing rewriting techniques usually destroy the grammatical structure and logic of the original text. In this article, we improve and limit some existing text rewriting methods, and propose an effective algorithm to mine feature words in various texts to help complete text rewriting. At the same time, by calculating the similarity between texts, various types of data are divided into key data and non‐key data, and finally different rewriting processes are designed for them. The experimental results of four unbalanced text classification tasks show that our method is superior to the previous text rewriting method, which can improve the classification accuracy of the model by 1.7% to 2.9%, and the AUC can be increased by 0.012 to 0.058. The ablation experiment also explored the effects of various variables and methods on the experimental results.
Nitrate and phosphate removal from treated wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris under various light regimes within membrane flat plate photobioreactor
Authors: Azizi Soroush , Bayat Bahareh , Tayebati Hanieh , Hashemi Ali , Pajoum Shariati Farshid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) is a well‐operated system concerning microalgae cultivation and nutrients assimilation from wastewater effluent. In the present paper, a sample of pulp and paper wastewater was primarily treated by activated sludge system (ACS), and the concentration of nitrate and phosphate decreased as about 26 and 10%, respectively. Then, it was transferred into six flat plate MPBR systems with 5 L capacity and 0.45 μm membrane pore size for the secondary treatment process (nitrate and phosphate assimilation) by Chlorella vulgaris (green microalgae) species during six cultivation periods. In this section, the effects of different light intensities (100 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1) and light–dark cycles (24–0, 16–8, and 12–12) on nitrate and phosphate uptake through the treated pulp and paper wastewater effluent after 24 hr were investigated. The maximum photosynthetic productivity and nitrate‐phosphate removals after 24 hr (nitrate: 57% and phosphate: 43%) were recorded for the culture under 300 μmol m−2 s−1 and 24–0 light–dark regime within the MPBR system.
Assessment of the phenolic compounds of pearl and finger millets obtained from South Africa and Zimbabwe
Authors: Hassan Zahra Mohammed , Sebola Nthabiseng Amenda , Mabelebele Monnye 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMillet grains are rich in phenolic compounds which have health benefits. This study aims to elucidate the phenolic properties of pearl and finger millet grown in South Africa and Zimbabwe. The milled samples were analyzed by Waters Synapt G2 Quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer (MS). A total of eight phenolic compounds were detected and quantified in the millet varieties, which included derivatives of benzoic acid such as protocatechuic and p‐hydroxybenzoic acids. Flavonoids such as catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and kaempferol glycoside were also detected. Generally, catechin was the dominant phenolic compound, followed by epicatechin. The mean values for catechin ranged from 2.50 to 12.6 mg/kg for the pearl millet and 610.4 to 675.1 mg/kg for the finger millet. While the epicatechin mean values ranged between 1.2 to 1.8 for pearl millet and 99.1 to 139.5 for finger millet. Procyanidins B1 and B2 were only detected and quantified in the finger millet types, While Kaempferol glycoside was only recorded in the pearl millets with mean values of 196.0 mg/kg for pearl millet South Africa and 213.6 mg/kg for pearl millet Zimbabwe. There was a difference among the varieties for the content of kaempferol glycoside. Protocatechuic and p‐hydroxybenzoic acids were only present in the finger millet types, their mean values were (20.9, 23.7 mg/kg) and (16.8,13.5 mg/kg) respectively. It can be substantiated from the outcome of this study that millet can be used as a source of valuable phenolic compounds and that the variety of millet is the determining factor of the phenolic compound content.
Foreign investor dominance and low domestic investor absorption capacity: Implications on capital outflows
Authors: Özel Özgür , Özmen Mustafa Utku , Yılmaz Erdal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study puts forward the increased share of foreign investors as a potential stabilizer for local financial markets, especially equity markets, because domestic investors' weak absorption capacity may create liquidity constraints acting as an obstacle for foreign investor. We pin down the effects of foreign investor dominance based on a detailed stock‐ownership data. Our findings suggest that in emerging financial markets with high foreign investor ownership and low absorption capacity of domestic investors, capital outflows might be staggered, and this phenomenon might reduce the probability of large and sudden depreciation of local currencies.
A moving average heterogeneous autoregressive model for forecasting the realized volatility of the US stock market: Evidence from over a century of data
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Gupta Rangan , Ogbonna Ahamuefula E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study forecasts the monthly realized volatility of the US stock market covering the period of February 1885 to September 2019 using a recently developed novel approach – a moving average heterogeneous autoregressive (MAT‐HAR) model, which treats threshold as a moving average generated time‐varying parameter rather than as a fixed or unknown parameter. The significance of asymmetric information in realized volatility of stock market forecasting is also considered by examining the case of good and bad realized volatility. The Clark and West, Journal of Econometrics, 2007, 138, 291–311 forecast evaluation approach is employed to evaluate the forecast performance of the proposed predictive model vis‐à‐vis the conventional HAR and threshold HAR (T‐HAR) models. We find evidence in favour of the MAT‐HAR model relative to the HAR and T‐HAR models. Also observed is the significant role of asymmetry in modelling the realized volatility as good realized volatility and bad realized volatility yield dissimilar predictability results. Our results are not sensitive to the choice of sample periods and realized volatility measures.
Pharmacokinetic Enhancement of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy During Pregnancy
Authors: Salama Engie , Eke Ahizechukwu C. , Best Brookie M. , Mirochnick Mark , Momper Jeremiah D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPharmacokinetic boosting of antiretroviral (ARV) therapies with either ritonavir or cobicistat is used to achieve target drug exposure, lower pill burden, and provide simplified dosing schedules. Several ARVs require boosting, including the integrase inhibitor elvitegravir as well as protease inhibitors such as darunavir, atazanavir, and lopinavir. The use of boosted regimens in pregnant women living with HIV has been studied for a variety of ARVs; however, a recent recommendation by the US Food and Drug Administration advised against cobicistat‐boosted regimens in pregnancy due to substantially lower drug exposures observed in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. The objectives of this article are to review pharmacokinetic enhancement of ARVs with ritonavir and cobicistat during pregnancy and postpartum, describe clinical implications, and provide recommendations for future research.
Synthesis of some novel 7‐substituted [1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2‐c][1,3,5]thiadiazine‐6,6‐dioxides with antifungal evaluation against rice pathogens
Authors: Borthakur Susanta K. , Konwar Lakhya J. , Nath Gayatri , Kalita Pabitra K. , Borthakur Sukanya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSynthesis of a new series of novel [1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2‐c][1,3,5]thiadiazine‐6,6‐dioxide by [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 3‐benzylidineamino[1,3,4]thiadiazole with sulfene generated in situ from methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine is described. The novel compounds thus synthesized were screened for their antifungal activity against two fungal species, namely Rhizoctonia solani and Dreschslera oryzae. Carbendazim was the standard used for the evaluation of antifungal activity.
An Expedited Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Protocol Following Spontaneous CSF Leak Repair
Authors: McCormick Justin P. , Tilak Ashwini , Lampkin H. Brooks , Thompson Harrison M. , Miller Peter L. , West John M. , Cho Do‐Yeon , Riley Kristen O. , Grayson Jessica W. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveSpontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks represent a unique subset of skull base pathology and require distinctive management. Perioperative evaluation and management of intracranial hypertension are essential in preventing further erosion of the skull base and development of recurrent leak. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and utility of an expedited protocol for recording and managing intracranial hypertension following endoscopic repair of spontaneous CSF leaks.MethodsProspectively collected data was reviewed in patients undergoing endoscopic repair of spontaneous CSF leaks between January 2017 and March 2020. A standard intracranial pressure monitoring protocol was compared to an expedited protocol (EP), and data regarding the two groups was compared for leak location, short‐term success of skull base repair, complications, hospital length of stay, and cost‐based analysis.ResultsFifty‐five patients (standard protocol, n = 28 vs. EP, n = 27) were included in the study. Leak location was similar between cohorts, with the lateral recess being the most common locations in both groups (37.9% vs. 40.6%; P = .90). Postoperative complications (3.6% vs. 7.4%; P = .53) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt rate (32.1% vs. 22.2%; P = .41) were similar among cohorts. There was no difference in lumbar drain complications (0% vs. 7.4%; P = .14) or recurrent leak (7.1% vs. 0%; P = .16). Length of stay was shorter in the EP group [median(interquartile range): 3(1) vs. 2 (1); P < .01]. Total hospital charges were similar between groups (median (USD/$1,000): 83.57 ± 49.58 vs. 83.93 ± 46.11; P = .18).ConclusionAn expedited monitoring protocol shortened hospital stay without increased risk of complications.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 131:E408–E412, 2021
Effect of Patient Demographics and Tracheostomy Timing and Technique on Patient Survival
Authors: Park Christopher , Bahethi Rohini , Yang Anthony , Gray Mingyang , Wong Kevin , Courey Mark 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe ideal timing and technique of tracheostomy vary among patients and may impact outcomes. We aim to examine the association between tracheostomy timing, placement technique, and patient demographics on survival.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA retrospective review was performed for all patients who underwent tracheostomy in 2016 and 2017 at one urban academic tertiary‐care hospital. Kaplan–Meier curves were created based on combinations of tracheostomy timing and technique (early percutaneous, early non‐percutaneous, late percutaneous, and late non‐percutaneous). Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine multivariable effects of timing, technique, and other demographic factors. Primary outcome measures were tracheostomy‐related mortality and overall survival. Secondary outcomes were in‐hospital, 30‐day, and 90‐day mortality.ResultsOur study included 523 patients. There were six tracheostomy‐related deaths, with hemorrhage and tracheoesophageal fistula being the most common causes. Tracheostomy timing and technique combinations were not associated with differences in all‐cause mortality or survival following discharge. Cox proportional hazard models showed that Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and unknown partner status were associated with a decrease in survival (P < .01 and P = .05, respectively). Additionally, patient age, gender, race, CCI, and body mass index were not independently associated with changes in survival.ConclusionLate and non‐percutaneous tracheostomies were associated with more tracheostomy‐related deaths, but timing and technique were not associated with differences in patient survival. Multiple regression analysis showed that increased patient comorbidities, measured via CCI, and unknown partner status were independently associated with decreased survival. Proceduralists should discuss timing, technique, and patient social factors together with the medical care team when constructing plans for postdischarge management.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1468–1473, 2021
Diagnostic Accuracy of Narrow Band Imaging in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: A Prospective Study
Authors: Deganello Alberto , Paderno Alberto , Morello Riccardo , Fior Milena , Berretti Giulia , Del Bon Francesca , Alparone Marco , Bardellini Elena , Majorana Alessandra , Nicolai Piero 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous immune‐mediated disease affecting 1% to 4% of the worldwide population. Development of malignant lesions is reported but only affects a minority of patients. The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic potential of narrow band imaging (NBI) in OLP patients; focusing on the identification of high‐grade dysplasia/carcinoma in newly developed lesions.MethodsProspective evaluation of 56 patients with histopathologic diagnosis of OLP and presenting newly developed lesions not responding to medical treatment. All lesions were assessed by high‐definition (HD) white light (WL) and HD‐NBI endoscopy. All patients underwent biopsy regardless of the appearance at HD‐WL and HD‐NBI. Histology was defined as “positive” in case of high‐grade dysplasia or carcinoma.ResultsFive lesions (9%) were diagnosed as high‐grade dysplasia/carcinoma. In this setting, overall diagnostic potential of HD‐NBI was optimal, with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 48–100), specificity of 96% (95% CI, 86–99), negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI, not calculable), positive predictive value of 71% (95% CI, 39–91), and accuracy of 96% (95% CI, 88–100).ConclusionsDespite the diffuse inflammatory pattern derived from OLP, NBI improved the diagnostic accuracy and the capability to detect high‐grade dysplasia/carcinoma.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1156–E1161, 2021
Compactness and dichotomy in nonlocal shape optimization
Authors: Parini E. , Salort A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe prove a general result about the behaviour of minimizing sequences for nonlocal shape functionals satisfying suitable structural assumptions. Typical examples include functions of the eigenvalues of the fractional Laplacian under homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Exploiting a nonlocal version of Lions' concentration‐compactness principle, we prove that either an optimal shape exists or there exists a minimizing sequence consisting of two “pieces” whose mutual distance tends to infinity. Our work is inspired by similar results obtained by Bucur in the local case.
Role of the microbiota in ileitis of a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease—Glutathione peroxide isoenzymes 1 and 2‐double knockout mice on a C57BL background
Authors: Chu Fong‐Fong , Esworthy R. Steven , Shen Binghui , Doroshow James H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractC57Bl6 (B6) mice devoid of glutathione peroxidases 1 and 2 (Gpx1/2‐DKO) develop ileitis after weaning. We previously showed germ‐free Gpx1/2‐DKO mice of mixed B6.129 background did not develop ileocolitis. Here, we examine the composition of the ileitis provoking microbiota in B6 Gpx1/2‐DKO mice. DNA was isolated from the ileum fecal stream and subjected to high‐throughput sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene to determine the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We analyzed the role of bacteria by comparing the microbiomes of the DKO and pathology‐free non‐DKO mice. Mice were treated with metronidazole, streptomycin, and vancomycin to alter pathology and correlate the OTU abundances with pathology levels. Principal component analysis based on Jaccard distance of abundance showed 3 distinct outcomes relative to the source Gpx1/2‐DKO microbiome. Association analyses of pathology and abundance of OTUs served to rule out 7–11 of 24 OTUs for involvement in the ileitis. Collections of OTUs were identified that appeared to be linked to ileitis in this animal model and would be classified as commensals. In Gpx1/2‐DKO mice, host oxidant generation from NOX1 and DUOX2 in response to commensals may compromise the ileum epithelial barrier, a role generally ascribed to oxidants generated from mitochondria, NOX2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress in response to presumptive pathogens in IBD. Elevated oxidant levels may contribute to epithelial cell shedding, which is strongly associated with progress toward inflammation in Gpx1/2‐DKO mice and predictive of relapse in IBD by allowing leakage of microbial components into the submucosa.
Recurrent fever of unknown origin: An overlooked symptom of Fabry disease
Authors: Luo Yi , Wu Di , Shen Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveFabry disease (FD) is a rare X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder due to the absent or deficient activity of lysosomal hydrolase a‐galactosidase A (α‐Gal A), which leads to the accumulation of its substrates in various organs and tissues. Classic clinical manifestations include angiokeratomas, proteinuria, renal failure, neuropathic pain, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Fever is one of the rare symptoms that may occur during FD.MethodsThree Chinese Han patients with FD referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reported. The complete medical records were established, and detailed data were collected. Whole‐exome sequencing by next‐generation sequencing and α‐Gal A enzyme activity assay were performed to confirm the diagnosis.ResultsThese three patients all presented with recurrent fever of unknown origin initially, accompanied with arthralgia/arthritis and other symptoms. We identified two known variants in the GLA gene, c.1176_1179delGAAG and c.782G>A (p.G261D), and a novel variant c.440G>A (p.G147E) which is likely pathogenic in our patient.ConclusionsFD should be considered as a rare cause of recurrent fever of unknown origin. The coexistence of gene variants related to systemic autoinflammatory diseases may make the clinical phenotypes of FD more complex and prone to recurrent fever.