bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facies Study of Lake Deposits Formation (Qpl) To Determine Deposition Environment of Ancient Limboto Lake: a Preliminary Result
Authors: Amin A K M A , Sakakibara M , Arifin Y I , Akase N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Limboto Lake located in the Gorontalo Province is a part of the places where the disclosure of various types of rocks as well as various tectonic deformations, the genesis of this lake is a low basin included in shallow lake type or type of flood plain. Development of Limboto Lake starts from the existence of the Neogene extension exactly on slab-rollback extension of the Banda embayment in Early Miocene, rapid uplift and subsidence near Gorontalo Basin in Late Miocene. Various problems that occur in the Limboto Lake both silting and susceptibility to lake water flows allegedly related to the tectonic activity that ever happened even today. This study reports new determination about the ancient environment of Limboto Lake. The purpose of the study is the facies study of the Lake Deposits Formation (Qpl) to determine the depositional environment of ancient Limboto Lake in Gorontalo Basin against its influence on the current Limboto Lake. The environment facies identified in the Gorontalo Basin are marine deltaic facies and shallow marine carbonate facies (carbonate rimmed shelf). The evidence found by stratigraphically features is: (a) Marine Deltaic Environment: (1) Lithologies: mainly sandstones (compositionally dominate immaturely) through muddy sandstones, sandy mudstone to mudstone; also the presence of lignite; compressed weakly and in the form unconsolidated, (2) Texture: not diagnostic, average sorting and rounding sand grains, (3) Structure: cross-lamination and wave-lamination of various types in the sandstones, flat-bedding, and channel common. Finer sediment show flasher, wavy bedding and are heterolithic. Some sediment containing rootlets; (b) Shallow-Marine Carbonate Facies: (1) Lithologies: Skeletal packstone-wackestone, and mudstone, (2) Texture: diverse, (3) Structure: cross-lamination, parallel-lamination, wave-lamination, desiccation crack; in the reef limestone is massive and unbedded, with intense bioturbation. Based on the ancient environment determine to encourage the high activity of silting Limboto Lake because the material around the lake easily detached.
Landslide disaster and its prevention works in Shikoku region of Japan
Authors: Kimura Kazunari , Nagata Tomohiro , Kan Shuya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study introduces two examples of landslide countermeasures in Shikoku, Japan. The first case is a landslide that occurred in the Chichibu belt. This landslide was characterized by loose rock mass (past landslide mass) distributed at a maximum thickness of approximately 30m. As a result of comparing and examining the three types of construction methods as countermeasures against this landslide, it was judged that the countermeasure works combining the anchor works and the drainage boring works was the most appropriate. This landslide experienced the largest downpours since the completion of the countermeasures, but no landslide activity has been confirmed. The second case is a landslide that occurred in the Mikabu belt. This site was a place where fragile geology was distributed, but a cut at the lower end of the slope was implemented for road construction. After this cutting work, landslides occurred on the slope during heavy rain. Two landslides occurred step by step with the rainfall. As a result of a comparative study of the two countermeasures for this landslide, it was determined that the countermeasure that combined earth removal, anchoring and drainage boring was the most appropriate. The landslide activity was stopped after the countermeasure work was completed, and road construction was completed safely.
The Influence of Rock Resistance for Geomorphology of Krakatau Islands, South Lampung District, Lampung Province
Authors: Ismail Taufik , Abdurrachman Mirzam , Rizal Yan , Hardjawidjaksana Kumala , Arbie Rahmawati 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Krakatoa Islands is one of the results of high activity volcanic islands located in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. Volcanic activity of the research area is highly influential on the typical morphological conditions. Rocks produced from this volcano activity a role in the formation of geomorphology that is typical of areas with high volcanic activity. Rocks in the study area were the result of volcanic activity such as lava, pyroclastic alluvial. Geomorphology analysis was conducted by analyzing river flow pattern, slope criteria analysis and shoreline analysis since 1984. East Anak Krakatoa island which is dominated by lava, in contrast to the krakatoa west of which the rock formers are dominantly pyroclastic fall. Unconsolidated rocks form west Sertung island, east Panjang island and south Rakata island which the rock formers are dominantly pyroclastic flow. Evidence of 1883 catastrophic eruption is highly visible on the north Rakata island, east Sertung island and west Panjang island shown by vertical high cliff which is indicated as a caldera structure. The results of the geomorphological analysis are poured into geomorphological maps. Geomorphology unit in research area consist of 9 (nine) geomorphology units of Krakatoa Islands. Krakatoa Islands in this geomorphological case, is still controlled by climate change, erosional of sea water wave, 1883 catastrophic eruption which produces rock in the form of lava and pyroclastic and volcanic activity still continues to this day.
Mercury exposure from small scale gold mining activities and neurological symptoms on inhabitants and miners: a case study in Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Yayu Indriati , Sakakibara Masayuki , Sera Koichiro , Fenty Usman Puluhulawa , Lihawa Fitryane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mercury level in scalp hair of inhabitants and gold miners’ livings at two artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sites in Bolaang Mongondow regency of North Sulawesi Province was studied. Totally 50 scalp hairs were collected from Tanoyan, Tobongon and Kotamobagu city, and kept for further analysis. The mercury hair contents were determined using Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) at Nishina memorial research facility of Iwate Medical University of Japan. Mean levels of mercury in scalp hairs of inhabitants and ASGM workers were around 5 ppm. The highest mercury levels were found at females’ miners in Tobongon and female teenagers in Tanoyan. Neurological assessment was conducted on several inhabitants and gold miners. 12 symptoms ((1) Signs of bluish discoloration of gums; (2) Rigidity and ataxia (walking or standing), (3) Alternating movements or dysdiadochokinesia, (4) Irregular eye movements or nystagmnus, (5) Field of vision, (6) Knee jerk reflex, (7) Biceps reflex, (8) Babinski reflex, (9) Labial reflex, (10) Salivation and dysarthia, (11) Sensory examination and (12) Tremor.) were used to describe the neurological disorder which may related to mercury expousure. It was found that nine neurological symptoms were dominantly observed among miners than inhabitants and three sypmtoms (8, 9 and 10) were less frequently observed.
Socioeconomic and Mercury Exposure to The Goldsmiths in Manggal Subdistrict of Urban Artisanal Gold Mining (UAGM) Area in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Abbas Hasriwiani Habo , Sakakibara Masayuki , Sera Koichiro , Arma Lukmanul Hakim , Sididi Mansur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
People living in gold mining towns experience high inorganic mercury levels when mercury vapor is emitted during the burning of amalgam as well as gold dorè in gold shops. These activities occur in Makassar, Indonesia, where a group of urban people established an artisanal waste recycling industry, in which they use mercury to recover the fine gold particles contained in the waste from goldsmiths’ activities. The goldsmith in Manggala is one of UAGM activities to design and manufacture of the unique gold jewelry. Mercury exposure to the goldsmith was happened through gold refining process. The aims of this research are to characterize the socioeconomic and potential mercury exposure to the goldsmith workers. The socioeconomic characterization of goldsmith was obtained by questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews and mercury exposure in hair was analyzed by using Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) from Iwate Medical University. The result showed that the goldsmith workers in Manggala sub district is better than the other gold workers in Makassar in term of income and education. The lower education was graduated from elementary school and the higher education was graduated from the university. The monthly income of goldsmiths are unskilled, skilled and owner, <US$ 376 (29%), US$ 376-751 (61%), >751 (11%), respectively. The goldsmiths were exposure by mercury through the refining process in the gold. Therefore, it’s found that the average mercury concentration in hair is 6.6 μg/g (min-max:1.6-47.7 μg/g). The concentration of mercury in human hair of goldsmith is 5.03 μg/g, for indirect exposed and 8.18 μg/g for direct exposed. This result indicate that the level of mercury is seriously problem according to HBM threshold limit. Therefore, mercury exposure from UAGM activities must be prevented before the greater impact on society.
Regional Geochemical Map of West Java, Indonesia: Evaluation for Environmental and Mineral Resources
Authors: Sendjaja Purnama , Kusniadi Ari 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A The regional geochemical mapping project was conducted by the Centre for Geological Survey, Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources during 2011 to 2012 in Banten and West Java Provinces areas. Geological and topographic maps with scale of 1:100.000 as the base maps were used. Stream sediment samples were collected in this geochemical mapping project with the fraction size are 80# and the density of samples represent one sample for about 25 km2. The project already successfully collected 1215 stream sediment samples covering twenty one base maps. The samples collecting were the result of collaboration between Geological Agency and universities. Moreover, the geochemical analysis was conducted with the XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) method at the Geological Laboratory of Centre for Geological Survey. This method could analyze for 30 elements and show significant anomalies with presuming result from natural product or derived from human or urban activities. The volcanic products from quaternary volcanoes are clearly identified on distribution of As, Ba, Cl, Cu and Zr elements. Epithermal mineralization zone has an anomaly of distribution of Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn. Meanwhile the human activities are showing from geochemical map of Cl, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn that show scattered anomalies localized close to the cities, industries and mining area.
“Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran” welcomes UNESCO Global Geopark Reassessment in 2019
Authors: Soviana Nabila Novasari , Brahmantyo Budi , Abdurrachman Mirzam , Sabila Firman Sauqi Nur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coincide in 2019, Gunung Sewu UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) will be reassessed by UNESCO based on UNESCO’s geopark criteria. This research is conducted to evaluate one of the components of Gunung Sewu UGGp, namely Gunung Api purba Nglanggeran Geosite that is located in Nglanggeran, Patuk Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta from the geotourism point of view and UNESCO’s geopark criteria. In addition, this research also conducted to present new geotourism objects for Gunung Sewu UGGp especially in Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The research methods are divided into two focuses, the field observation method and the geotourism questionnaire method on Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran Geosite area. Field observation method consists of geomorphological observation, geological structure observation, and lithological observation in the research area. Geosite recommendations are obtained from further analysis of the field observation methods. The Geotourism questionnaire method takes up the evaluation of geotourism at Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran Geosite based on UNESCO’s geopark criteria with questionnaire respondents from geosite visitors and residents around the geosite area. The research area consists of landscape in the form of ridge, hills, and plains that some areas potentially become new geosites at the Gunung Sewu UGGp. Based on the results of field observation analysis that refer the assessment scheme for value and basic description of geological heritage resources, the new recommended geosites are Kali Ngalang Hulu, Air Terjun Kedung Kandang, Bukit Kembang, Gunung Gentong, dan Batu Miring Oyo. Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran Geosite is still considered to maintain UNESCO’s geopark criteria. All the results of this research are expected to be used as a simulation for the assessment of UGGp Gunung Sewu pre-reassessment by UNESCO in 2019 and as the consideration of the authorized stakeholders to add geosites to UGGp Gunung Sewu to increase visitor attraction.
The Development of Earthquake Risk Reduction Curriculum for 4-6 Years Old Children in Gorontalo
Authors: Ardni P P , Arifin I N , Syahputra H , Pupala B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted for the development of earthquake risk reduction curriculum for children aged between 4-6 years old in Gorontalo. This research used Research and Development method. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative data analysis technique Milles and Hubberman model and quantitative data analysis using the t-test. This research was conducted in Gorontalo. The researcher modified the Dick and Carey’s design of research and development. Step 1, the researcher did a preliminary study through literature studies related to the concepts of models to be developed. Then, the researcher did the field study for the initial knowledge on the disaster risk reduction curriculum for children aged between 4-6 years old. Next, the researcher performed required analysis as the basis for developing the model. Step 2, is the development stage and step 3, is the implementation of the earthquake risk reduction curriculum program model. The research is still in step 1. The duration of this research was one and a half years. The data were collected through interviews, forum group discussion, observations, and documentation. The first year research was to conduct preliminary research to collect information (literature review, preliminary observation). In addition, the researcher identified the problems encountered in the learning process. Then, the researcher evolved the planning (identification and definition of skills, purpose, determination of learning sequence), and then finally, conducted the expert test or expert judgment. The first Development product includes Program design of disaster risk reduction curriculum. There are three main processes in the curriculum: the concept stage, the training phase, and the rehabilitation phase. Activities in three stages of this process through a series of curriculum development frameworks comprise the determination of learning objectives, then the learning process, and the evaluation process (for early childhood phase, the learning process is more important than the outcome). Last but not least is the reflection stage to review the design and improve the learning objectives.
Measuring the Relationship among Personal Network with Japanese Language Skill and Fit Well with Life in Japan
Authors: Ridwan Vita Fajriani , Matsumura Nobuhiko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The trends of the diverse city spread across the world, not only megacities but also the city where become a destination to study. Challenge for the international student as a new community to accept and connect to the new place and new community. Culture, social and experience influence our perspective of place and region. Language is a tool of communication to connect to others. Personal network influences our perception of the environment. This paper wants to explore the relationship between personal network with Japanese language skill and fit well with life in Japan. One hundred and three international students became respondents to fill out the randomized questionnaire (year, age, country and gender). The data from the questionnaire were analysed with SPSS using the Spearman’s rank correlation. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between personal network and Japanese language skill also between personal network and feel fit well with life in Japan. This research founded that to get the feel in well with life in Japan, more important to connect with Japanese people than Japanese language skill.
Utilization of Corncob Cellulose Isolate (Zea mays) as Adsorbent of Heavy Metal Copper and Cadmium
Authors: Isa Ishak , Setiawati Eka , Mohammad Erni , Kunusa Wiwin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine whether the cellulose result of isolation compounds from corn cobs can adsorb heavy metals Copper (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd), as well as to determine the ability of adsorption of cellulose result of isolation. The type of this research is experimental research in chemical laboratory. The method used is quantitative research. The sample used in this research is corn cob waste. The cellulose isolation stage of the corn cob consists of dewaxing, dehemicellulose, delignification and bleaching. Cellulose characterization through water content test, ash content, pH, solubility test, and using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) instrument, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The cellulose result of isolation was used as a heavy metal adsorbent of Cu and Cd using atomic absorption spectrometry. Based on the results of the research, it is found that cellulose result of isolation from corn cobs has the ability to absorb Cu and Cd heavy metals with adsorption capacity of Cu and Cd is 68.20 and 95,98 mg.L-1.g-1
The Effect of Chitosan of Ark Clam Shells to Reduce Pb and Hg Level and Amount of Bacteria in the Blood Cockles Meatball
Authors: Solang Margaretha , Lamondo Djuna , Kumaji Syam S , Kandowangko Novri Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chitosan of ark clams shell is regarded as untapped waste; it has potential as a heavy metal chelating agent and anti-bacterial. The objective of this research is to examine the effect of chitosan of the ark clams shell as a chelating agent to decrease of Pb and Hg level in the blood cockles meatball. This research is also aimed at exploring the capability of chitosan of the shell in decreasing the bacteria within blood cockle meatball. This research conducted complete randomized design with the provision of five-level of chitosan concentration, i.e., 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.0%. Atomic-Absorbent Spectrophotometric (AAS) method used to examine the level of Pb and Hg within the meatball, while the total of bacteria was determined by using Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results reveal that the administration of chitosan of ark clam on blood cockle meatballs reduced Pb levels from 0.195 ppm to 0.168 ppm, while Hg levels reduced from levels of 0.018 to 0.008 ppm, and the number of bacteria from 2.4 × 102 to 1.4 × 102 colony/g. In conclusion, the chitosan of the ark clams shell can ensure the safety of the meatball product.
A Novel design of the solar central receiver to improve the performance of the central solar power tower plant
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud Sh. , Khudheyer Ahmed F. , Abdul Ghafoor Qusay J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A novel design for a central receiver prototype was manufactured with dimensions of (50*50) cm staggered configuration using copper pipes of 9.5 mm diameter was tested to produce thermal energy from solar energy, had been analyzed numerically and experimentally. central solar tower receiver prototype was manufactured and mounted at Al-Nahrain University in Baghdad - Iraq, were high solar radiation is available. Heliostats with automated dual axes tracking systems were attained to capture the solar rays. Heliostats used to redirect the sun rays to a central receiver which is constructed using coated copper tubes to convert solar to heat and transfer it to the receiver working thermo-fluid.
According to a precise design consideration presented procedure in this study, a numerical and experimental investigation was performed. Also, an automated tracking system was installed on the heliostat to govern the title and azimuth movements.
The working fluid used is water. The supply tank was manufactured from plastic equipped with a digital flow meter to control flow rate to the receiver. In this study, a detailed layout, investigation for each part is shown. It’s found that optimum tower height is 4.5m, optimum heliostat horizontal distance from the tower is 7m and the offset angle is 30°. Receiver thermal performance enhanced by 6.17% from the one-row receiver and about 12.98% for the evacuated tube receiver.
Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation Based on PSO Algorithm with Inertia Weight Variants for Optimal Path Planning
Authors: Abaas Tahseen Fadhel , Shabeeb Alaa Hassan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Motion planning is an important domain since its performance can significantly affect the utilization of robots. This paper addresses our work to developing a path planner for wheeled a mobile robot using a swarm Intelligence technique for optimal path planning within a short computational time to get better path planning results. Through this technique, we developed particle swarm optimization (PSO) for generating fast and optimal path planning. Inertia weight technique is used for performance comparison of PSO Algorithms to get optimal path planning within a complex environment, PSO with a time-varying mechanism for the inertia weight values (TV-IWPSO), to analyze the performance proposed approach on the of PSO algorithm performance. Finally, the comparison has been done in between TV-IWPSO with both particle swarm optimization with constant inertia weight (B-PSO), and standard particle swarm optimization (S-PSO), in two different maps to performing analysis for algorithms through various environments. The simulation results, which carried out using Matlab 2018a showed that the PSO algorithm with inertia-weight strategy made good results for generating optimal path planning and efficiently than (S-PSO) and (B-PSO) in terms of path distance, execution-time
Safe and Optimum Navigation of Wheeled Mobile Robot using Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Abaas Tahseen Fadhel , Shabeeb Alaa Hassan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses our research in developing a track planner for a mobile robot using a swarm intelligence technique for optimal track planning in a short computational time to achieve better results in track planning. Through this technique, we proposed grey wolf optimization (GWO) for generating fastest and optimal path planning. this paper introduces an algorithm for rapid and global motion preparation for a mobile robot in a complex environment with static obstacles. the performing analysis for GWO algorithm was evaluated in two different maps. Finally, A comparative study was evaluated between the algorithm built and the other algorithm exist, the simulation results, which carried out using Matlab 2018a showed that the GWO algorithm made results for generating optimal path planning and efficiently in terms of path distance, execution-time.