bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation and diagnostic yield following evaluation of abnormal pulse detected using Apple Watch
Authors: Wyatt Kirk D , Poole Lisa R , Mullan Aidan F , Kopecky Stephen L , Heaton Heather A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
The study sought to characterize the evaluation of patients who present following detection of an abnormal pulse using Apple Watch.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients evaluated for abnormal pulse detected using Apple Watch over a 4-month period.

Results
Among 264 included patients, clinical documentation for 41 (15.5%) explicitly noted an abnormal pulse alert. Preexisting atrial fibrillation was noted in 58 (22.0%). Most commonly performed testing included 12-lead echocardiography (n = 158; 59.8%), Holter monitor (n = 77; 29.2%), and chest x-ray (n = 64; 24.2%). A clinically actionable cardiovascular diagnosis of interest was established in only 30 (11.4%) patients, including 6 of 41 (15%) patients who received an explicit alert.

Discussion
False positive screening results may lead to overutilization of healthcare resources.

Conclusions
The Food and Drug Administration and Apple should consider the unintended consequences of widespread screening for asymptomatic (“silent”) atrial fibrillation and use of the Apple Watch abnormal pulse detection functionality by populations in whom the device has not been adequately studied.
Design and numerical investigation of an adaptive intramedullary nail with a novel interlocking mechanism
Authors: Bagheri Mohammad Ali , Rouhi Gholamreza 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Malalignment is a common complication in the treatment of distal fractures of the tibia. Numerous efforts have been made to reduce the malalignment ratio. However, the reported cases with this disorder are still high. This study aimed at investigating an adaptive design of an intramedullary nail with a novel interlocking mechanism (AINIM), as an alternative for the customary nailing, in reducing malalignment ratio. A verified finite element model was employed to compare the performance of AINIM with the customary nail. The finite element model of the tibia follows the exact shape of the medullary canal, and nonhomogeneous material properties were assigned to the bone from bone ash density. It was assumed that the nails were implanted and interlocked in the tibia according to surgical protocols, and physiological-like loading was applied to finite element models. The results of this study showed that AINIM reduces the mean shear interfragmentary strains by about 30%, and the axial interfragmentary strain by 55%, also it increases the uniformity in the interfragmentary movements, compared to the customary nail. It was also found that AINIM caused a reduction of the stress on the nail by 60%, and an increase of 25% on the bone, compared to the customary nail. Moreover, average compressive principal strains in the tibia fixed by AINIM increased by 40% from 485 to 678 με, compared to the tibia fixed by the customary nailing method. The results of this work also showed that AINIM causes an increase in the contact area with the intramedullary canal, particularly at the fracture site, and it also escalates the magnitude of contact pressure. Results of this work indicate that, from the biomechanical standpoint, the adaptive nail, i.e. AINIM, with an innovative interlocking mechanism, compared to the customary nailing, can lessen intra- and post-operative malalignment occurrence, and it also mitigates the side effects of stress shielding, and thus better conserves neighboring bone density in a long period.
Study protocol for an International Prospective Observational Cohort Study for Optimal Bowel Resection Extent and Central Radicality for Colon Cancer (T-REX study)
Authors: Shiozawa Manabu , Ueno Hideki , Shiomi Akio , Kim Nan Kyu , Kim Jin Cheon , Tsarkov Petr , Grützmann Robert , Dulskas Audrius , Liang Jin-Tung , Samalavičius Narimantas , West Nick , Sugihara Kenichi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This is a prospective observational cohort study aiming to include 4000 patients with stages I to III colon cancer treated at 35 specialist institutions in Japan, South Korea, Germany, Russia, Lithuania and Taiwan. The anatomical distribution of lymph nodes and feeding arteries are investigated using surgical specimens according to pre-specified categorizing methods using intraoperative anatomical markings. Primary analyses are performed to identify the general principles of metastatic lymph node distribution in terms of its relation to the location of the primary tumor and feeding arteries. Secondary analyses will be used to estimate prognostic outcomes according to bowel resection length and central radicality and will be used to evaluate the quality of resected surgical specimens. Through in-depth lymph node mapping, standardized criteria for the definite area of ‘regional’ lymph node resection in routine surgical procedures can be identified, which is expected to contribute to international standardization in colon cancer surgery (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02938481).
Legal and ethical implications of wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 surveillance
Authors: Gable Lance , Ram Natalie , Ram Jeffrey L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Scientists have observed that molecular markers for COVID-19 can be detected in wastewater of infected communities both during an outbreak and, in some cases, before the first case is confirmed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other government entities are considering whether to add community surveillance through wastewater monitoring to assist in tracking disease prevalence and guiding public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This scientific breakthrough may lead to many useful potential applications for tracking disease, intensifying testing, initiating social distancing or quarantines, and even lifting restrictions once a cessation of infection is detected and confirmed. Yet, new technologies developed in response to a public health crisis may raise difficult legal and ethical questions about how such technologies may impact both the public health and civil liberties of the population. This paper describes recent scientific evidence regarding COVID-19 detection in wastewater, identifying public health benefits that may result from this breakthrough, as well as the limitations of existing data. The paper then assesses the legal and ethical implications of implementing policy based on positive sewage signals. It concludes that the first step to implementing legal and ethical wastewater monitoring is to develop scientific understanding. Even if reliability and efficacy are established, limits on sample and data collection, use, and sharing must also be considered to prevent undermining privacy and autonomy in order to implement these public health strategies consistent with legal and ethical considerations.
Marr’s Tri-Level Framework Integrates Biological Explanation Across Communication Subfields
Authors: Huskey Richard , Bue Amelia Couture , Eden Allison , Grall Clare , Meshi Dar , Prena Kelsey , Schmälzle Ralf , Scholz Christin , Turner Benjamin O , Wilcox Shelby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this special issue devoted to speaking across communication subfields, we introduce a domain general explanatory framework that integrates biological explanation with communication science and organizes our field around a shared explanatory empirical model. Specifically, we draw on David Marr’s classical framework, which subdivides the explanation of human behavior into three levels: computation (why), algorithm (what), and implementation (how). Prior theorizing and research in communication has primarily addressed Marr’s computational level (why), but has less frequently investigated algorithmic (what) or implementation (how all communication phenomena emerge from and rely on biological processes) explanations. Here, we introduce Marr’s framework and apply it to three research domains in communication science—audience research, persuasion, and social comparisons—to demonstrate what a unifying framework for explaining communication across the levels of why, what, and how can look like, and how Marr’s framework speaks to and receives input from all subfields of communication inquiry.
Dynamic Transactions Between News Frames and Sociopolitical Events: An Integrative, Hidden Markov Model Approach
Authors: Hopp Frederic R , Fisher Jacob T , Weber René 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A central goal of news research is to understand the interplay between news coverage and sociopolitical events. Although a great deal of work has elucidated how events drive news coverage, and how in turn news coverage influences societal outcomes, integrative systems-level models of the reciprocal interchanges between these two processes are sparse. Herein, we present a macro-scale investigation of the dynamic transactions between news frames and events using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), focusing on morally charged news frames and sociopolitical events. Using 3,501,141 news records discussing 504,759 unique events, we demonstrate that sequences of frames and events can be characterized in terms of “hidden states” containing distinct moral frame and event relationships, and that these “hidden states” can forecast future news frames and events. This work serves to construct a path toward the integrated study of the news-event cycle across multiple research domains.
Resection of a colonic mass following trauma: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Burchard Paul , Thomay Alan A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A 53-year-old Caucasian male presented with a 2-week history of abdominal distension, pain, nausea and lethargy. His symptoms began 1 day after an all-terrain vehicle accident during which he suffered blunt-force trauma to his mid-right abdomen. CT scan demonstrated abnormal thickening of the ascending colon and terminal ilium with surrounding inflammation within the retroperitoneum and colonic mesentery. Given his likely mechanism and symptomatic improvement, he was initially managed conservatively. However, he was readmitted with recurrence of symptoms, and a repeat CT scan demonstrated no interval improvement. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and a firm, fixed mass of the right-colon and colonic mesentery was found. Final histopathology of the mass revealed a diffuse lymphoid infiltrate with numerous mitotic figures and apoptotic cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD45, CD20, CD10, and BCL-6 and negative for CD3, TdT, and BCL-2, indicating a diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma.
The nature of 500 micron risers I: SMA observations
Authors: Greenslade J , Clements D L , Petitpas G , Asboth V , Conley A , Pérez-Fournon I , Riechers D 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We present SMA observations at resolutions from 0.35 to 3 arcsec of a sample of 34 candidate high redshift dusty star forming galaxies (DSFGs). These sources were selected from the HerMES Herschel survey catalogues to have SEDs rising from 250 to 350 to 500 μm, a population termed 500-risers. We detect counterparts to 24 of these sources, with four having two counterparts. We conclude that the remaining ten sources that lack detected counterparts are likely to have three or more associated sources which blend together to produce the observed Herschel source. We examine the role of lensing, which is predicted to dominate the brightest (F500 &gt; 60 mJy) half of our sample. We find that while lensing plays a role, at least 35 per cent of the bright sources are likely to be multiple sources rather than the result of lensing. At fainter fluxes we find a blending rate comparable to, or greater than, the predicted 40 per cent. We determine far-IR luminosities and star formation rates for the non-multiple sources in our sample and conclude that, in the absence of strong lensing, our 500-risers are very luminous systems with LFIR &gt; 1013 L⊙ and star formation rates &gt;1000 M⊙ yr−1.
Merger rates in primordial black hole clusters without initial binaries
Authors: Korol Valeriya , Mandel Ilya , Miller M Coleman , Church Ross P , Davies Melvyn B 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Primordial black holes formed through the collapse of cosmological density fluctuations have been hypothesized as contributors to the dark matter content of the Universe. At the same time, their mergers could contribute to the recently observed population of gravitational-wave sources. We investigate the scenario in which primordial black holes form binaries at late times in the Universe. Specifically, we re-examine the mergers of primordial black holes in small clusters of ∼30 objects in the absence of initial binaries. Binaries form dynamically through Newtonian gravitational interactions. These binaries act as heat sources for the cluster, increasing the cluster’s velocity dispersion, which inhibits direct mergers through gravitational-wave two-body captures. Meanwhile, three-body encounters of tight binaries are too rare to tighten binaries sufficiently to allow them to merge through gravitational-wave emission. We conclude that in the absence of initial binaries, merger rates of primordial black holes in the considered scenario are at least an order of magnitude lower than previously suggested, which makes gravitational-wave detections of such sources improbable.
Faraday rotation measures of Northern hemisphere pulsars using CHIME/Pulsar
Authors: Ng C , Pandhi A , Naidu A , Fonseca E , Kaspi V M , Masui K W , Mckinven R , Renard A , Scholz P , Stairs I H , Tendulkar S P , Vanderlinde K 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Using commissioning data from the first year of operation of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment’s (CHIME) Pulsar backend system, we conduct a systematic analysis of the Faraday Rotation Measure (RM) of the Northern hemisphere pulsars detected by CHIME. We present 55 new RMs as well as obtain improved RM uncertainties for 25 further pulsars. CHIME’s low observing frequency and wide bandwidth between 400 and 800 MHz contribute to the precision of our measurements, whereas the high cadence observation provides extremely high signal-to-noise co-added data. Our results represent a significant increase of the pulsar RM census, particularly regarding the Northern hemisphere. These new RMs are for sources that are located in the Galactic plane out to 10 kpc, as well as off the plane to a scale height of ∼16 kpc. This improved knowledge of the Faraday sky will contribute to future Galactic large-scale magnetic structure and ionosphere modelling.
Empirical completeness assessment of the Gaia DR2, Pan-STARRS 1, and ASAS-SN-II RR Lyrae catalogues
Authors: Mateu Cecilia , Holl Berry , De Ridder Joris , Rimoldini Lorenzo 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
RR Lyrae stars are an important and widely used tracer of the most ancient populations of our Galaxy, mainly due to their standard candle nature. The current availability of large-scale surveys of variable stars is allowing us to trace the structure of our entire Galaxy, even in previously inaccessible areas like the Galactic disc. In this work, we aim to provide an empirical assessment of the completeness of the three largest RR Lyrae catalogues available: Gaia DR2, PanSTARRS-1, and ASAS-SN-II. Using a joint probabilistic analysis of the three surveys we compute 2D and 3D completeness maps in each survey’s full magnitude range. At the bright end (G &lt; 13), we find that ASAS-SN-II and Gaia are near 100 per cent complete in RRab at high latitude (|b| &gt; 20°); ASAS-SN-II has the best completeness at low latitude for RRab and at all latitudes for RRc. At the faint end (G &gt; 13), Gaia DR2 is the most complete catalogue for both RR Lyrae types, at any latitude, with median completeness rates of $95{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (RRab) and $\gt 85{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (RRc) outside the ecliptic plane (|β| &gt; 25°). We confirm high and uniform completeness of PanSTARRS-1 RR Lyrae at 91 per cent (ab) and 82 per cent (c) down to G ∼ 18, and provide the first estimate of its completeness at low galactic latitude (|b| ≤ 20°) at estimated medians $65{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (ab) and $50\!-\!60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (c). Our results are publicly available as 2D and 3D completeness maps, and as functions to evaluate each survey’s completeness versus distance or per line of sight.
Interspecific Gene Flow and the Evolution of Specialization in Black and White Rhinoceros
Authors: Moodley Yoshan , Westbury Michael V , Russo Isa-Rita M , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Rakotoarivelo Andrinajoro , Olsen Remi-Andre , Prost Stefan , Tunstall Tate , Ryder Oliver A , Dalén Love , Bruford Michael W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAfrica’s black (Diceros bicornis) and white (Ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros are closely related sister-taxa that evolved highly divergent obligate browsing and grazing feeding strategies. Although their precursor species Diceros praecox and Ceratotherium mauritanicum appear in the fossil record ∼5.2 Ma, by 4 Ma both were still mixed feeders, and were even spatiotemporally sympatric at several Pliocene sites in what is today Africa’s Rift Valley. Here, we ask whether or not D. praecox and C. mauritanicum were reproductively isolated when they came into Pliocene secondary contact. We sequenced and de novo assembled the first annotated black rhinoceros reference genome and compared it with available genomes of other black and white rhinoceros. We show that ancestral gene flow between D. praecox and C. mauritanicum ceased sometime between 3.3 and 4.1 Ma, despite conventional methods for the detection of gene flow from whole genome data returning false positive signatures of recent interspecific migration due to incomplete lineage sorting. We propose that ongoing Pliocene genetic exchange, for up to 2 My after initial divergence, could have potentially hindered the development of obligate feeding strategies until both species were fully reproductively isolated, but that the more severe and shifting paleoclimate of the early Pleistocene was likely the ultimate driver of ecological specialization in African rhinoceros.
State changes of the HORMA protein ASY1 are mediated by an interplay between its closure motif and PCH2
Authors: Yang Chao , Hu Bingyan , Portheine Stephan Michael , Chuenban Pichaporn , Schnittger Arp 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
HORMA domain-containing proteins (HORMADs) play an essential role in meiosis in many organisms. The meiotic HORMADs, including yeast Hop1, mouse HORMAD1 and HORMAD2, and Arabidopsis ASY1, assemble along chromosomes at early prophase and the closure motif at their C-termini has been hypothesized to be instrumental for this step by promoting HORMAD oligomerization. In late prophase, ASY1 and its homologs are progressively removed from synapsed chromosomes promoting chromosome synapsis and recombination. The conserved AAA+ ATPase PCH2/TRIP13 has been intensively studied for its role in removing HORMADs from synapsed chromosomes. In contrast, not much is known about how HORMADs are loaded onto chromosomes. Here, we reveal that the PCH2-mediated dissociation of the HORMA domain of ASY1 from its closure motif is important for the nuclear targeting and subsequent chromosomal loading of ASY1. This indicates that the promotion of ASY1 to an ‘unlocked’ state is a prerequisite for its nuclear localization and chromosomal assembly. Likewise, we find that the closure motif is also necessary for the removal of ASY1 by PCH2 later in prophase. Our work results in a unified new model for PCH2 and HORMADs function in meiosis and suggests a mechanism to contribute to unidirectionality in meiosis.
Regulation of alginate catabolism involves a GntR family repressor in the marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT
Authors: Dudek Magda , Dieudonné Anissa , Jouanneau Diane , Rochat Tatiana , Michel Gurvan , Sarels Benoit , Thomas François 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMarine flavobacteria possess dedicated Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PULs) enabling efficient degradation of a variety of algal polysaccharides. The expression of these PULs is tightly controlled by the presence of the substrate, yet details on the regulatory mechanisms are still lacking. The marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT digests many algal polysaccharides, including alginate from brown algae. Its complex Alginate Utilization System (AUS) comprises a PUL and several other loci. Here, we showed that the expression of the AUS is strongly and rapidly (&lt;30 min) induced upon addition of alginate, leading to biphasic substrate utilization. Polymeric alginate is first degraded into smaller oligosaccharides that accumulate in the extracellular medium before being assimilated. We found that AusR, a GntR family protein encoded within the PUL, regulates alginate catabolism by repressing the transcription of most AUS genes. Based on our genetic, genomic, transcriptomic and biochemical results, we propose the first model of regulation for a PUL in marine bacteria. AusR binds to promoters of AUS genes via single, double or triple copies of operator. Upon addition of alginate, secreted enzymes expressed at a basal level catalyze the initial breakdown of the polymer. Metabolic intermediates produced during degradation act as effectors of AusR and inhibit the formation of AusR/DNA complexes, thus lifting transcriptional repression.
Coccidioidomycosis in Patients Treated With Ruxolitinib
Authors: Kusne Yael , Kimes Kathryn E , Feller Fionna F , Patron Roberto , Banacloche Juan Gea , Blair Janis E , Vikram Holenarasipur R , Ampel Neil M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We report 8 cases of coccidioidomycosis associated with ruxolitinib treatment. Among 135 patients living in the coccidioidal-endemic region receiving ruxolitinib, 5 cases were diagnosed after starting and 4 had extrathoracic dissemination. Periodic serological screening while on ruxolitinib is warranted for patients residing in the coccidioidal-endemic region.