bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Key factors in Arms Export and Arms Export Strategy of Middle East Countries
Authors: Jang WonJoon , Song JaePil , Kim MiJung , Bang EunJi 
Published: May 2020

President Moon has visited to UAE as a National Visit in March, 2018 and express to support co-develop, co-produce and co-export to the third countries of weapon system. Therefore, the paper analyzes the recent arms market in the Middle East, as one of the three major arms export market to Korea, and present an arms export strategy to customize the Middle East countries.Concerning a recent 10 year arms export by region, the ratio of Middle East countries arms export was highly increased by 12%p(17%→29%). And arms acquisition budget in 5 years(2018∼22) will be over 130 billion dollars. UAE has a highly interested in missiles, warship building, surveilance system, RWCS etc after Summit meeting. Iraq has focus on his post war rebuilding to include relevant weapon system and facilities. Also, Saudi Arabia is necessary to fulfill his Saudization policy to enter his arms market.For expanding of Middle East arms market, it is necessary to provide customized defense industry total solution for the whole weapon system lifecycles, dispatch defense cooperation director, find out co-development program between Korea and Middle East countries, and diversify cooperation system in the near future.
Growth Rate and Antifungal Activities of Acetone Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on Cassava and Banana Peels Formulated Media
Authors: Okoye Ebele Linda , Uba Bright Obidinma , Dike Uzoma Collins , Eziefule Chimezie Justin 
Published: May 2020

Aim: To study the growth rate and antifungal activities of acetone extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) and Allium sativum (garlic) on cassava and banana peels formulated media.
Study Design: Nine treatments and control designs were set up in triplicates and incubated at 25 for 72 h. The nine treatments and control set ups designated as Cassava Glucose Agar, CGA), Banana Glucose Agar, (BGA) and Control (Potato Dextrose Agar, PDA) were used to screen for the growth rate and antifungal activities of plant extracts.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Nigeria between June, 2019 and August, 2019.
Methodology: The research study was carried on two formulated media obtained from cassava and banana peels and PDA) using proximate analysis, pour plate technique, agar plug diffusion technique and agar well diffusion technique.
Results: The results revealed that the cassava and banana peels contained nutrients that can meet the nutritional conditions for fungi cultivation. The PDA statistically (P < 0.05) had higher mean radial growth (32.33 mm) and growth rate (0.449 h-1) than BGA (14.33 mm; 0.199 h-1) followed by CGA (14.16 mm; 0.197 h-1) in most of the test fungal isolates. The scent leaf acetone extract and nystatin antifungal had higher zones of inhibition (25.00 mm) than garlic acetone extract (24.00 mm) on the tested fungal isolates. There was no statistical significance at P < 0.05 on the inhibition zones of the extracts and Nystatin on the formulated media and PDA showing that the extracts possess comparable antifungal activities to the Nystatin.
Conclusion: Thus, our formulated media were comparable to PDA with regards to antifungal activity of the acetone extracts and nystatin and could be utilized as an alternative and cheap ideal reference media for mycological assays.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Cumulative Experiences of Emergency Medicine Residents in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Loftus Kirsten V. , Schumacher Daniel J. , Mittiga Matthew R. , McDonough Erin , Sobolewski Brad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesMost children seeking emergency care are evaluated in general emergency departments (EDs). The cumulative pediatric clinical experiences of emergency medicine (EM) residents are largely unknown. This study examined EM resident pediatric clinical experience through the lens of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements and the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine.MethodsRetrospective, observational study of the cumulative clinical experience of two classes of EM residents from a 4‐year training program at two pediatric EDs of a quaternary care pediatric center. A database of resident patient encounters was generated from the electronic medical record. Experiences classified included: diagnosis categories per the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, procedures, and resuscitations. Results were stratified by age, acuity, and disposition.ResultsTwenty‐five EM residents evaluated 17,642 patients (median = 723). Most patients (73.5%) were emergent acuity (Emergency Severity Index triage level 2 or 3 or non–intensive care admission); 2% were critical. Residents participated in 598 (median = 22) medical resuscitations and 483 (median = 19) trauma resuscitations. Minor procedures (e.g., laceration repair) were commonly performed; critical procedures (e.g., intubation) were rare. Exposure to neonates was infrequent and pediatric deaths were rare. Abdominal pain (5.7%), asthma exacerbation (4.6%), and fever (3.8%) were the most common diagnoses.ConclusionsEmergency medicine residents encountered a wide array of pediatric diagnoses throughout training and performed a substantial number of common pediatric procedures. Exposure to critical acuity and procedures, neonatal pathology, and certain pediatric‐specific diagnoses, such as congenital heart disease, was limited despite training in a large, quaternary care children’s hospital. Curriculum development and collaboration should focus on these areas.
Protic ionic liquid‐based deep eutectic solvents with multiple hydrogen bonding sites for efficient absorption of NH3
Authors: Cao Yongkang , Zhang Xiangping , Zeng Shaojuan , Liu Yanrong , Dong Haifeng , Deng Chun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe emerging of ionic liquids (ILs) provides an efficient and sustainable way to separate and recover NH3 due to their unique properties. However, the solid or highly viscous ILs are not suitable for traditional scrubbing. Therefore, an effective strategy was proposed by combining the protic ILs (PILs) with acidic H and low viscous ethylene glycol (EG) to form IL‐based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for NH3 absorption. The results indicated that these PIL‐based DESs not only have fast absorption rate, but also exhibit exceptional NH3 capacity and excellent recyclability. The highest mass capacity of 211 mg NH3/g DES was achieved by [Im][NO3]/EG with molar ratio of 1:3, and was higher than all the reported ILs and IL‐based DESs, which was originated from multiple hydrogen bonding between acidic H and hydroxyl groups of the DESs and NH3. This work will provide useful idea for designing IL‐based solvents for NH3 separation applications.
The Delta 5,7‐Sterols and Astaxanthin in the Marine Microheterotroph Schizochytrium sp. S31
Authors: Jiang Yun‐Lin , Zhu Qing , Liao Yi‐Nan , Wang Qin‐Qing , Li Yan , Dong Xi‐Yang , Peng Juan , Yuan Jian‐Ping , Wang Jiang‐Hai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe thraustochytrids, the heterotrophic marine microorganisms, have received increasing attention because of their capacity for the production of high‐value products such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids, and sterols. In this study, three potential Δ5,7‐sterols, showing similar UV absorption spectra to that of ergosterol, in the thraustochytrid Schizochytrium sp. S31, were estimated by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) − APCI−MS/MS method. The proposed structures of three Δ5,7‐sterols were ergosta‐5,7,24(28)‐trien‐3β‐ol, ergosta‐5,7‐dien‐3β‐ol, and 24‐ethylcholesta‐5,7,22‐trien‐3β‐ol. The contents of astaxanthin, ergosterol, and the other three Δ5,7‐sterols in Schizochytrium sp. S31 during the cultivation performed in three separate batches were analyzed by a fast UPLC–PDA method. The results demonstrated that astaxanthin, ergosterol, and ergosta‐5,7‐dien‐3β‐ol were the predominant carotenoid and Δ5,7‐sterols, respectively, and their contents kept increasing during the growth and reached a maximum after 23 days of cultivation. The estimated maximum contents of astaxanthin and four Δ5,7‐sterols, including ergosterol, ergosta‐5,7‐dien‐3β‐ol, ergosta‐5,7,24(28)‐trien‐3β‐ol, and 24‐ethylcholesta‐5,7,22‐trien‐3β‐ol were 2.31, 4.02, 3.43, 0.30, and 0.97 mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. These findings are different to other strains reported in the composition and accumulation of Δ5,7‐sterols and carotenoids. The present study suggests that Schizochytrium sp. S31 might be a promising marine microorganism for the productions of high‐value natural pigment astaxanthin, the provitamin D2 ergosterol, and the provitamin D4 ergosta‐5,7‐dien‐3β‐ol, and taken as a model organism to study the sterologenesis of the microorganisms because of its complexity of sterol compositions.
Cancer burden of major cancers in China: A need for sustainable actions
Authors: Cao Maomao , Li He , Sun Dianqin , Chen Wanqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCancer is still a major health problem in China although numerous efforts have been made for its prevention and control. Findings from this study showed that lung cancer remains the most common type of cancer diagnosed, and was attributed to nearly 30% of all cancer‐related deaths. The incidence of the five most common cancers, in China, in 2015, including cancers of the lungs, stomach, colorectum, liver and breast, accounted for almost 60% of all cancers diagnosed. The high cancer burden in China highlights the need for further improvement in health education, professional training and the building up an anti‐cancer network for introducing and implementing sustainable actions for cancer control.
Sterubin: Enantioresolution and Configurational Stability, Enantiomeric Purity in Nature, and Neuroprotective Activity in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Hofmann Julian , Fayez Shaimaa , Scheiner Matthias , Hoffmann Matthias , Oerter Sabrina , Appelt‐Menzel Antje , Maher Pamela , Maurice Tangui , Bringmann Gerhard , Decker Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlzheimer′s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder with still no preventive or curative treatment. Flavonoids are phytochemicals with potential therapeutic value. Previous studies described the flavanone sterubin isolated from the Californian plant Eriodictyon californicum as a potent neuroprotectant in several in vitro assays. Herein, the resolution of synthetic racemic sterubin (1) into its two enantiomers, (R)‐1 and (S)‐1, is described, which has been performed on a chiral chromatographic phase, and their stereochemical assignment online by HPLC‐ECD coupling. (R)‐1 and (S)‐1 showed comparable neuroprotection in vitro with no significant differences. While the pure stereoisomers were configurationally stable in methanol, fast racemization was observed in the presence of culture medium. We also established the occurrence of extracted sterubin as its pure (S)‐enantiomer. Moreover, the activity of sterubin (1) was investigated for the first time in vivo, in an AD mouse model. Sterubin (1) showed a significant positive impact on short‐ and long‐term memory at low dosages.
Examining the self‐reported advantages and disadvantages of socially networking about body image and eating disorders
Authors: Cavazos‐Rehg Patricia A. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Krauss Melissa J. , Anako Nnenna , Xu Christine , Kasson Erin , Costello Shaina J. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to understand the self‐reported advantages and disadvantages of socially networking about body image/eating disorders (EDs) and to examine the openness of these participants to online outreach and support for ED symptoms.MethodA cross‐sectional online survey was conducted with a sample of N = 598. Eligible participants were ≥15 years old, English‐speaking, and U.S. residents who endorsed posting or following thin‐ideal/body‐image content on social media. Quantitative measures were used to assess online peer support and online interaction preferences, and to identify ED symptoms. Deductive and inductive qualitative approaches were used to analyze open‐ended items about the advantages and disadvantages of social networking about thin‐ideal content on social media platforms (SMPs).ResultsAmong those who posted about the thin‐ideal on social media, 70% felt that the peer responses were positive and supportive. Participants generally favored online interaction, and a third stated that they would accept support from someone they did not know online (38%). The most common advantages noted for posting/following thin‐ideal content on SMPs were motivation/encouragement to engage in a certain behavior, socializing, and information giving/seeking. The most common disadvantages mentioned for posting/following thin‐ideal content on SMPs were that the content elicits negative/bad feelings, having to deal with the negative consequences/reactions of others when socially networking about this topic, and that it triggers a desire to engage in ED behaviors.DiscussionWith these findings, researchers, health practitioners, and social media administrators can devise ways to reduce harmful consequences of posting/following body‐image/ED content on social media.
A robust sheath‐flow CE‐MS interface for hyphenation with Orbitrap MS
Authors: Sauer Fabian , Sydow Constanze , Trapp Oliver 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis with high‐resolution mass spectrometry, such as Orbitrap MS, is of broad interest for the unambiguous and exceptionally sensitive identification of compounds. However, the coupling of these techniques requires a robust ionization interface that does not influence the stability of the separation voltage while coping with oxidation of the emitter tip at large ionization voltages. Herein, we present the design of a sheath‐flow CE‐ESI‐MS interface which combines a robust and easy to operate set‐up with high‐resolution Orbitrap MS detection. The sheath liquid interface is equipped with a gold coated electrospray emitter which increases the stability and overall lifetime of the system. For the characterization of the interface, the spray stability and durability were investigated in dependence of the sheath‐flow rate, electrospray voltage, and additional gold coating. The optimized conditions were applied to a separation of angiotensin II and neurotensin resulting in LODs of 2.4 and 3.5 ng/mL.
Analysis of measurement errors from electrical resistivity imaging investigation of First World War mining tunnels in La Boisselle, France
Authors: Audenrieth Iris , Martin Roland , Yogeshwar Pritam , Willig Dierk 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTTo derive reliable electrical resistivity subsurface models using error‐weighted inversion schemes, a meaningful and correct error model is required. An over‐estimated error leads to a lack of resolution and reduced target detectability. Furthermore, biased data are easily overlooked and can lead to artefacts and significant miss‐interpretation. We carried out an electrical resistivity tomography survey to detect mining tunnels of World War I in La Boisselle, France. French, British and German troops extensively used mining warfare, such as tunnel constructions, to undermine opponents. While the location and orientation of some British tunnels are known from archaeological excavations, the exact location of the German tunnels is currently unknown. Due to systematic measurement errors resulting from a malfunction in the system, the acquired electrical resistivity tomography data in La Boisselle were significantly biased. Therefore, a detailed systematic error analysis scheme was developed. Using a workflow of systematic error examination to identify biased data such as outliers or other bias, an unbiased dataset was retrieved. Subsequently, two‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography inversions using different error models provided a qualitative estimate of how the data errors influence the tunnel detectability within an inversion scheme. The field data from La Boisselle demonstrates the importance of correctly estimating measurement errors, especially in view of the detection of small‐scale targets, such as tunnels.
Experimental study into the location of the neutral axis in fiber‐reinforced concrete prisms
Authors: Vrijdaghs Rutger , Van Itterbeeck Petra , De Smedt Maure , Vandewalle Lucie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe results of an extensive experimental program into the location of the neutral axis in cracked fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) are reported. In total, 74 prisms are tested in a monotonic (51 specimens) and cyclic (23 specimens) bending test in accordance with EN 14651. In the program, 13 different FRCs are considered with 9 different fiber types and dosages. A normal strength concrete with residual strength values between 1b and 2d, cf. Model Code 2010 (MC10), is considered. The deformation profile in the cracked section is measured by side‐mounted linear variable displacement transducers on the prisms, and the position of the neutral axis is calculated. The experimental results are compared against predictions of the MC10. Based on a simplified stress diagram, the MC10 predicts that the location of the neutral axis depends on the residual strength of the FRC at the serviceability limit state: increasing the strength results in a larger compressive zone and vice versa. However, the results obtained within this study do not confirm this relation. The cyclic results indicate that the neutral axis shifts upward during unloading and subsequent reloading decreases the neutral axis again to preunloading levels. Finally, for all reported FRC types, the neutral axis lies very high in the cracked section, even at very small crack mouth opening displacement values.
Preferred equilibrium solutions of the barotropic vorticity equation
Authors: Li YaoKun , Chao JiPing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe long-term behaviour of the barotropic vorticity equation (BVE), which is beneficial for understanding long-term climate variations, has been investigated by applying an explicit quadratic conserved finite difference integration scheme. The results suggest that an initial pattern predominated at the beginning of time evolves to an equilibrium state after a long transition period in which the conserved prerequisites, such as the integral kinetic energy, square vorticity, and vorticity, are broken by accumulated errors. This could cause the BVE to be indeterministic. Similar phenomena could reappear in integration cases starting at the same initial pattern with different small perturbations, initial patterns, time and grid intervals, and difference schemes. The eventual equilibrium states for the above cases are different from each other but spatially similar. They all possess a single-wave structure in the horizontal plane but with random phases. The results further imply that despite the indeterministic characteristics due to the nonlinearity, the long-term behaviour of the BVE is deterministic in a spatial structure, shedding light on long-term climate change studies.
Combined mutagenesis and metabolic regulation to enhance d-arabitol production from Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Zheng Simeng , Jiang Bo , Zhang Tao , Chen Jingjing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
d-Arabitol is an important pentitol that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. It is mainly produced by yeasts during the biotransformation of glucose. To obtain strains with high d-arabitol production, Candida parapsilosis was mutated using atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP). Among the screened mutants, mutant A6 had the highest yield at 32.92 g/L, a 53.98% increase compared with the original strain (21.38 g/L). Furthermore, metabolic regulators were added to the medium to improve d-arabitol production. Pyrithioxin dihydrochloride increased d-arabitol production by 34.4% by regulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 4-methylpyrazole increased d-arabitol production by 77.4% compared with the control group by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Amphotericin B and Triton X-100 increased d-arabitol production by 23.8% and 42.2% by improving the membrane permeability and dissolved oxygen content, respectively. This study may provide important implications for obtaining high-yield d-arabitol strains.
The Inadequacy of Regulatory Frameworks in Time of Crisis and in Low-Resource Settings: Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19
Authors: Pecchia Leandro , Piaggio Davide , Maccaro Alessia , Formisano Claudio , Iadanza Ernesto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic is plaguing the world and representing the most significant stress test for many national healthcare systems and services, since their foundation. The supply-chain disruption and the unprecedented request for intensive care unit (ICU) beds have created in Europe conditions typical of low-resources settings. This generated a remarkable race to find solutions for the prevention, treatment and management of this disease which is involving a large amount of people. Every day, new Do-It-Yourself (DIY) solutions regarding personal protective equipment and medical devices populate social media feeds. Many companies (e.g., automotive or textile) are converting their traditional production to manufacture the most needed equipment (e.g., respirators, face shields, ventilators etc.). In this chaotic scenario, policy makers, international and national standards bodies, along with the World Health Organization (WHO) and scientific societies are making a joint effort to increase global awareness and knowledge about the importance of respecting the relevant requirements to guarantee appropriate quality and safety for patients and healthcare workers. Nonetheless, ordinary procedures for testing and certification are currently questioned and empowered with fast-track pathways in order to speed-up the deployment of new solutions for COVID-19. This paper shares critical reflections on the current regulatory framework for the certification of personal protective equipment. We hope that these reflections may help readers in navigating the framework of regulations, norms and international standards relevant for key personal protective equipment, sharing a subset of tests that should be deemed essential even in a period of crisis.
Direct ink writing of continuous SiO2 fiber reinforced wave-transparent ceramics
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Zhou Guoxiang , Yang Zhihua , Cao Xianqi , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article reports the first example of 3D printed continuous SiO2 fiber reinforced wave-transparent ceramic composites via an adaptation of direct ink writing technology to improve the mechanical and dielectric properties of ceramics. The ceramic inks showed good printability by adding nano-SiO2 powder. The effective continuous fiber-reinforced printing progress was achieved through the design and optimization of the coaxial needle structures by finite element simulation. After printing, the continuous fibers were evenly and continuously distributed in the matrix ceramics and the high molding precision for fiber reinforced composite was kept. It is demonstrated that 10 vol% continuous SiO2 fiber improved the bending strength of ceramics by about 27% better than that of the ceramics without fiber and the dielectric performance has also been greatly improved. The novel method unravels the potential of direct ink writing of continuous fiber reinforced wave-transparent ceramics with complex structures and improved properties.