bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning methods to predict solubilities of rock samples
Authors: Hanzelik Pál Péter , Gergely Szilveszter , Gáspár Csaba , Győry László 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInterests in the use of chemometric and data science methods for laboratory techniques have grown rapidly over the last 10 years, for the reason that they are cheaper and faster than traditional analytical methods of material testing. This study uses 888 rock samples collected from the exploration and production (E&P) sector of the oil industry. Based on the Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of these rock samples their solubility predictions have been developed and investigated with nine methods including both linear and non‐linear ones. Two of these methods such as Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) are available in a commercial software package and the other seven methods, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Ridge Regression (RR), k‐nearest neighbours (k‐NN), Decision Tree (DT), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with TensorFlow (TF), were coded by the authors based either on commercial applications or open source libraries. The investigation starts with spectral data pre‐processing carried out by standard normal variate (SNV), baseline correction and feature selection methods creating the feature set for all machine learning (ML) applications. The accuracy of predictions has been evaluated with mean squared error as a performance metric for each investigated method. The comparisons of predicted values to real data of test samples have shown that mineral solubility in acids can be well predicted in the range of the uncertainties of real laboratory measurements, therefore it can be used to improve the response time of these investigations and reduce the risk in industrial applications. In those cases, where the unknown samples have got some out of the range features, the limitations in the accuracy of predictions have become clear. We have also identified the limitations in the methodology and planned steps to further improve the prediction capabilities. The identified constraint of samples' multitude further emphasizes the need for database building efforts, so that the real potential in big data and machine learning can be realized.
Diagnostics via partial residual plots in inverseGaussianregression
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Akbar Atif 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRegression diagnostics is the basic requirement to apply regression analysis to reach reliable conclusions. Generalized linear models also required diagnostics for its implementation. The construction of partial residuals using response residuals for the inverse Gaussian regression model is carried out to explore the structure and usefulness for visualizing diagnostics and curvature as a function of selected predictors. The current study established the performance of partial residual plots over conventional diagnostic methods. The comparison has been made using aerial biomass data and with the help of simulation study. It has been observed that partial residual plots provide much better diagnosis than do conventional methods. Moreover, multiple diagnostics in a single display provide better perceptive towards lack of fit, specification, and data anomalies.
Confocal Microscopy: Principles and Modern Practices
Authors: Elliott Amicia D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn light microscopy, illuminating light is passed through the sample as uniformly as possible over the field of view. For thicker samples, where the objective lens does not have sufficient depth of focus, light from sample planes above and below the focal plane will also be detected. The out‐of‐focus light will add blur to the image, reducing the resolution. In fluorescence microscopy, any dye molecules in the field of view will be stimulated, including those in out‐of‐focus planes. Confocal microscopy provides a means of rejecting the out‐of‐focus light from the detector such that it does not contribute blur to the images being collected. This technique allows for high‐resolution imaging in thick tissues.In a confocal microscope, the illumination and detection optics are focused on the same diffraction‐limited spot in the sample, which is the only spot imaged by the detector during a confocal scan. To generate a complete image, the spot must be moved over the sample and data collected point by point. A significant advantage of the confocal microscope is the optical sectioning provided, which allows for 3D reconstruction of a sample from high‐resolution stacks of images. Several types of confocal microscopes have been developed for this purpose, and each has different advantages and disadvantages. This article provides a concise introduction to confocal microscopy. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Treatment of advanced divertor configurations in the flux‐coordinate independent turbulence code GRILLIX
Authors: Body Thomas , Stegmeir Andreas , Zholobenko Wladimir , Coster David , Jenko Frank 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdvanced divertor configurations modify the magnetic geometry of the divertor to achieve a combination of strong magnetic flux expansion, increased connection length and higher divertor volume—to improve detachment stability, neutral/impurity confinement and heat‐channel broadening. In this paper, we discuss the modification of the flux‐coordinate independent (FCI) turbulence code GRILLIX to treat generalized magnetic geometry, to allow for the investigation of the effect of magnetic geometry on turbulent structures in the edge and scrape‐off layer (SOL). The development of grids and parallel operators from numerically defined magnetic equilibria is discussed, as is the application of boundary conditions via penalization, with the finite‐width method generalized to treat complex non‐conformal boundaries. Initial testing of hyperbolic (advection) and parabolic (diffusion) test cases are presented for the Snowflake scenario.
A Design of Microfluidic Chip with Quasi‐Bessel Beam Waveguide for Scattering Detection of Label‐Free Cancer Cells
Authors: Lv Ning , Zhang Lu , Jiang Lili , Muhammad Amir , Wang Huijun , Yuan Li 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLight scattering detection in microfluidic chips provides an important tool to identify cancer cells without any label processes. However, forward small‐angle scattering signals of cells, which are related to their sizes and morphologies, are hard to be detected accurately when scattering angle is less than 11° in microfluidic chips by traditional lighting design due to the influence of incident beam. Therefore, cell's size and morphology being the golden standard for clinical detection may lose their efficacy in recognizing cancer cells from healthy ones. In this article, a novel lighting design in microfluidic chips is put forward in which traditional incident Gaussian beam can be modulated into quasi‐Bessel beam by a microprism and waveguide. The quasi‐Bessel beam's advantages of nondiffraction theoretically make forward scattering (FS) detection less than 11° possibly. Our experimental results for peripheral blood lymphocytes of human beings and cultured HeLa cells show that the detection rates increase by 47.87% and 46.79%, respectively, by the novel designed microfluidic chip compared to traditional Gaussian lighting method in microfluidic chips. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A “No‐Touch” Antibody‐Staining Method of Adherent Cells for High‐Throughput Flow Cytometry in 384‐Well Microplate Format for Cell‐Based Drug Library Screening
Authors: Cornel Annelisa M. , Szanto Celina L. , van Til Niek P. , van Velzen Jeroen F. , Boelens Jaap J. , Nierkens Stefan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the last decade, screening compound libraries on live cells has become an important step in drug discovery. The abundance of compounds in these libraries requires effective high‐throughput (HT) analyzing methods. Although current cell‐based assay protocols are suitable for HT analyses, the analysis itself is often restrained to simple, singular outcomes. Incorporation of HT samplers on flow cytometers has provided an interesting approach to increase the number of measurable parameters and increase the sensitivity and specificity of analyses. Nonetheless, to date, the labor intensive and time‐consuming strategies to detach and stain adherent cells before flow cytometric analysis has restricted use of HT flow cytometry (HTFC) to suspension cells. We have developed a universal “no‐touch” HTFC antibody staining protocol in 384‐well microplates to bypass washing and centrifuging steps of conventional flow cytometry protocols. Optimizing culture conditions, cell‐detachment and staining strategies in 384‐well microplates resulted in an HTFC protocol with an optimal stain index with minimal background staining. The method has been validated using six adherent cell lines and simultaneous staining of four parameters. This HT screening protocol allows for effective monitoring of multiple cellular markers simultaneously, thereby increasing informativity and cost‐effectiveness of drug screening. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
A new range‐free PCA‐based localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Banihashemian Seyed Saber , Adibnia Fazlollah 
Published: December 2019

SummaryRange‐free localization algorithms in wireless sensor networks have been an interesting field for researchers over the past few years. The combining of different requirements such as storage space, computational capacities, communication capabilities, and power efficiency is a challenging aspect of developing a localization algorithm. In this paper, a new range‐free localization algorithm, called PCAL, is proposed using soft computing techniques. The proposed method utilizes hop‐count distances as the data to train and build a neural network. Before feeding the data into the neural network for the purpose of training, the dimensionality of data is reduced by principal component analysis algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using simulation. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm has a better performance in contrast to other algorithms based on storage space, communication overhead, and localization accuracy. Furthermore, the effect of various parameters on the PCAL algorithm is studied.
Opioids for chronic osteoarthritis pain: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety in randomized placebo‐controlled studies of at least 4 weeks double‐blind duration
Authors: Welsch Patrick , Petzke Frank , Klose Petra , Häuser Winfried 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThis updated systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of opioids compared with placebo for chronic osteoarthritis pain.Databases and Data TreatmentClinicaltrials.gov, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched from October 2013 to July 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing opioids with placebo and at least 4 weeks double‐blinded duration were analysed. Primary outcomes were pain relief of 50% or greater, disability, tolerability and safety. Effects were summarized by a random effects model using risk differences or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. We added two new studies with 397 participants for a total of 22 studies with 8,942 participants. Study duration ranged between 4 and 24 weeks. Studies with a parallel and cross‐over design: Based on very low– to low‐quality evidence, opioids provided no clinically relevant pain relief of 50% or greater and no clinically relevant reduction in disability compared with placebo. There was a clinically relevant harm related to the dropout rate due to adverse events. The frequency of serious adverse events did not differ from placebo. Enriched enrolment randomized withdrawal design: Based on very low– to low‐quality evidence, opioids provided no clinically relevant pain relief of 50% or greater and no clinically relevant reduction in disability compared with placebo. Dropout rates due to adverse events and frequency of serious adverse events did not differ from placebo.ConclusionsTolerability of opioids is low and efficacy is not clinically relevant in controlled studies from 4 to 24 weeks for osteoarthritis pain.SignificanceWithin the context of randomized controlled trials (4–24 weeks), opioids provided no clinically relevant pain relief and no clinically relevant reduction in disability compared with placebo in chronic osteoarthritis pain (hip, knee). Number needed to treat for an additional dropout due to side effects was 5 (95% confidence interval 4–7). Two studies found no signals of abuse and addiction. The frequency of serious adverse events including deaths did not differ from placebo.
A numerical study of the mining‐induced energy redistribution in a coal seam adjacent to an extracted coal panel during longwall face mining: A case study
Authors: Wang Jun , Qiu Pengqi , Ning Jianguo , Zhuang Li , Yang Shang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMining of the coal seam adjacent to the extracted coal panel is widely practiced in China to improve coal resource recovery rates, but the energy change associated with longwall mining may present a new risk to ground stability and gateroad failure. To understand the energy change effectively, a meticulously validated numerical model, built using FLAC3D software, incorporating a double‐yield model for the gob materials and a strain‐softening model for the coal/rock masses, was developed to investigate the energy redistribution in coal seams and barrier pillars during the process of mining the coal seam adjacent to the extracted coal panel. The model results showed that the closer the region was to the LW 5301 gob, the higher the location and magnitude of the peak strain energy density. Consequently, the risk of rockburst in coal seams was greater than that in barrier pillars. Along the coal seam strike, with increasing advancing distance from the setup room, the magnitude of the peak strain energy density gradually increased to 1.88‐2.78 times the premining energy level. In addition, along the coal seam dip, the maximum distance from the peak strain energy density to the edge of the coal seam was approximately 16‐28 m, which is greater than that in the barrier pillar. The proposed numerical simulation procedure and calibrated method could be a viable alternative approach to evaluate longwall mining‐induced energy changes.
DETERMinants of quality of life, care and costs, and consequences of INequalities in people with Dementia and their carers (DETERMIND): A protocol paper
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Hicks Ben , Baxter Kate , Birks Yvonne , Brayne Carol , Dangoor Margaret , Dixon Josie , Harris Peter R. , Hu Bo , Knapp Martin , Miles Eleanor , Perach Rotem , Read Sanna , Robinson Louise , Rusted Jennifer , Stewart Rob , Thomas Alan , Wittenberg Raphael , Banerjee Sube 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesDETERMIND (DETERMinants of quality of life, care and costs, and consequences of INequalities in people with Dementia and their carers) is designed to address fundamental, and, as yet unanswered questions about inequalities, outcomes and costs following diagnosis with dementia. These answers are needed to improve the quality of care and equity of access to care, and therefore the quality of life, of people with dementia and their carers.MethodDETERMIND is a programme of research consisting of seven complementary workstreams (WS) exploring various components that may result in unequal dementia care:WS1: Recruitment and follow‐up of the DETERMIND cohort—900 people with dementia and their carers from three geographically and socially diverse sites within six months following diagnosis, and follow them up for three years.WS2: Investigation of the extent of inequalities in access to dementia care.WS3: Relationship between use and costs of services and outcomes.WS4: Experiences of self‐funders of care.WS5: Decision‐making processes for people with dementia and carers.WS6: Effect of diagnostic stage and services on outcomes.WS7: Theory of Change informed strategy and actions for applying the research findings.OutcomesDuring the life of the programme, analysing baseline results and then follow‐up of the DETERMIND cohort over 3 years, we will establish evidence on current services and practice. DETERMIND will deliver novel, detailed data on inequalities in dementia care and what drives positive and negative outcomes and costs for people with dementia and carers, and identify factors that help or hinder living well with dementia.
ACCP clinical pharmacist competencies: Advocating alignment between student, resident, and practitioner competencies
Authors: Engle Janet P. , Burke John M. , Ashjian Emily J. , Avery Lisa , Borchert Jill S. , Faro Sara Jane E. , Harris Christy S. , Herink Megan C. , Jain Barkha , MacLaughlin Eric J. , Martello Jay L. , Moore Katherine , Rogers Elizabeth , Smith Winter J. , Stranges Paul M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCompetency standards in pharmacy education and training have been formulated by different organizations to focus on various stages in the development of students, residents, and clinical pharmacists. This commentary advocates a deliberate alignment of educational outcomes, goals, and competencies across the developmental continuum of students, residents, and pharmacy practitioners. Consistent use of terminology and appropriate sequencing of expectations will help develop pharmacists who can meet the demands of the profession in the changing health care landscape. Progressive development is needed for the pharmacist's abilities, from student to resident to new practitioner to experienced professional. Consistency will ensure that educational and training programs optimally prepare individuals for board certification and professional roles. Specific recommendations include developing a common taxonomy that aligns within the pharmacy profession and across health care professions.
Safety of bovine milk derived extracellular vesicles used for delivery of RNA therapeutics in zebrafish and mice
Authors: Matsuda Akiko , Moirangthem Anuradha , Angom Ramcharan Singh , Ishiguro Kaori , Driscoll Julia , Yan Irene K. , Mukhopadhyay Debabrata , Patel Tushar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles are endogenous biological nanoparticles that have potential for use as therapeutic nanoparticles or as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. Milk nanovesicles (MNV) are extracellular vesicles isolated from bovine milk that have been explored for use as delivery vehicles for RNA therapeutics such as small interfering RNA (siRNA). We performed in vivo toxicological studies of MNV or therapeutic MNV (tMNV) loaded with siRNA as a prelude to their clinical use. Development toxicity was assessed in zebrafish embryos. Acute toxicity was assessed in both mice and zebrafish whereas safety, biochemical, histological and immune effects after multiple dosing were assessed in mice. Zebrafish embryo hatching was accelerated with MNV and tMNV. While acute toxicity or effects on mortality were not observed in zebrafish, developmental effects were observed at high concentrations of MNV. There was a lack of discernable toxicity, mortality and systemic inflammatory or immunological responses in mice following administration of either MNVs or tMNVs. The tolerability and lack of discernable developmental or systemic in vivo toxicity support their use as biological nano‐therapeutics. Adoption of a standardized protocol for systematic analysis of in vivo safety and toxicity will facilitate preclinical assessment of EV based formulations for therapeutic use.
Influence of liner offset and locking mechanism on fatigue durability in highly cross‐linked polyethylene total hip prostheses
Authors: Kamada Kosuke , Takahashi Yasuhito , Tateiwa Toshiyuki , Shishido Takaaki , Masaoka Toshinori , Pezzotti Giuseppe , Yamamoto Kengo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHighly cross‐linked, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (HXLPE) acetabular liners are inherently associated to a risk of fatigue failure due to femoral neck impingement. Different thicknesses and designs employed with HXLPE liners greatly affect mechanical loading scenario. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of liner offset (lateralization) and locking mechanism (presence/absence of anti‐rotation tabs in the external surface) on fatigue durability in annealed and vitamin E‐blended HXLPE liners with a current commercial design. Each liner tested had six anti‐rotation tabs, which were engaged in the 6 of 12 recesses on the metal shell. The remaining six recesses had no direct contact with the liner, where HXLPE was mechanically unsupported by the metal backing. These mated and/or unmated rim regions in the offset (2, 3, 4‐mm lateralized) liners were exposed to severe neck impingement until crack propagation was identified. Phase volume percentages (crystalline, amorphous, and intermediate phase contents) of HXLPE liners were compared before and after impingement in order to interpret differences in impingement micromechanics associated with the rim design variations. Our results showed that the presence of unmated recesses served as a stress concentrator due to the formation of millimeter‐scale gaps between the liner and shell. Another potential design problem drawn from our study was liner offset associated with a small volume protruding above the metal rim. Therefore, surgeons should take special care in selecting locking designs and geometries especially when using HXLPE offset liners.
Polo‐like kinase 4 correlates with greater tumor size, lymph node metastasis and confers poor survival in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Qin , Fan Gongchun , Dong Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOur study aimed to investigate the association of polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK4) expression with tumor features as well as survival in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.MethodsFive hundred and sixty NSCLC patients who underwent pulmonary resection were recruited, and their tumor specimens were obtained. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to assess PLK4 expression in tumor specimen. Follow‐up documents were reviewed, and the disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.ResultsAccording to IHC staining, there were 277 (49.5%) patients with PLK4 low expression and 283 (50.5%) patients with PLK4 high expression. PLK4 high expression was further classified into three different classes: high+, high++, high+++, and 122 (21.8%), 127 (22.7%), 34 (6.1%) patients were with PLK4 high+, high++, high+++ expression, respectively. Polo‐like kinase 4 expression was correlated with larger tumor size, LYN metastasis, and higher TNM stage. As for survival, DFS and OS were lower in patients with PLK4 high expression compared with patients with PLK4 low expression. In addition, DFS and OS were the lowest in patients with PLK4 high+++ expression, followed by those with PLK4 high++ expression, PLK4 high+ expression, and then patients with PLK4 low expression. Univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression model analyses further disclosed that PLK4 was an independent predictive factor for poor DFS and OS in NSCLC patients.ConclusionOur study preliminarily illuminates the clinical implication of PLK4 in NSCLC, while further studies are still needed to explicit the value of PLK4 in surveillance and treatment of NSCLC.