bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Making of a Hand-Held Spillage-Free Specimen Retrieval Robot for Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Tavakkolmoghaddam Farid , Kaipa Krishnanand , Dong Siqin , Audette Michel , Mesar Tomaz , Feliberti Eric C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the design and making of RoboCatch, a novel hand-held robot that aids surgeons in performing spillage-free specimen retrieval in laparoscopic surgery. The proposed design significantly modifies and extends conventional instruments that are currently used for this task. Specimen retrieval is initiated by introducing the robot’s trocar into the surgical site. A webbed three-fingered grasper slides out of the trocar and unfolds in an umbrella like-fashion. A pair of atraumatic forceps, concentrically aligned with the grasper, slide outward to grasp an excised specimen and retract it into the center of the grasper, which then closes to achieve a secured containment of the specimen. Finally, the robot is manually removed from the abdominal cavity. Physical validation experiments involving specimen retrieval of porcine meat samples revealed that the robot could retrieve specimens of masses ranging from 1 gram to 40 grams.
A Self-Supervised Learning Technique for Road Defects Detection Based on Monocular Three-Dimensional Reconstruction
Authors: Hu Yazhe , Furukawa Tomonari 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a self-supervised learning technique for road surface defects detection using a monocular camera. The uniqueness of the proposed technique relies on its self-supervised learning structure which is achieved by combining physics-driven three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction with data-driven Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Only images from one camera are needed as the inputs to the model without human labeling. The 3D point cloud are reconstructed from input images based on a near-planar road 3D reconstruction process to self-supervise the learning process. During testing, the network receives images and predicts the images as defect or non-defect. A refined class prediction is produced by combining the 3D road surface data with the network output when the belief of original network prediction is not strong enough to conclude the classification. Experiments are conducted on real road surface images to find the optimal parameters for this model. The testing results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed self-supervised road surface defects detection technique.
A Two-Stage Optimization Procedure for the Design of an EAP-Actuated Soft Gripper
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hong Jonathan , Ahmed Saad , Ounaies Zoubeida , Frecker Mary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An increasing range of engineering applications require soft grippers, which use compliant mechanisms instead of stiff components to achieve grasping action, have high conformability and exert gentle contact with target objects compared to traditional grippers. In this study, a three-fingered gripper is first designed based on a notched self-folding mechanism actuated using an electrostrictive PVDF-based terpolymer. Then the design optimization problem is formulated, where the design objectives are to maximize the free deflection Δfree and the blocked force Fb. A computationally efficient two-stage design optimization procedure is proposed and successfully applied in the gripper design. NSGA-II is adopted as the optimization algorithm for its capacity to deal with multi-objective optimization problems and to find the global optima with high design variables and large design domains. In stage one, computationally less expensive analytical models are developed based on Bernoulli-Euler beam theory and Castigliano’s theorem to calculate Δfree and Fb. Utility function is applied to determine the best design in the last generation of stage one. In stage two, 3D FEA models are developed, using the dimensions determined by the best design from stage one, to investigate effect of the shape of segment surfaces on the design objectives. Overall, the proposed two-stage optimization procedure is successfully applied in the actuator design and shows the potential to solve a wide range of structural optimization problems.
From Scan Strategy to Melt Pool Prediction: A Neighboring-Effect Modeling Method
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Yan Lu , Yeung Ho , Krishnamurty Sundar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The quality of AM built parts is highly correlated to the melt pool characteristics. Hence melt pool monitoring and control can potentially improve AM part quality. This paper presents a neighboring-effect modeling method (NBEM) that uses scan strategy to predict melt pool size. The prediction model can further assist in scan strategy optimization and real-time process control. The structure of the proposed model is formulated based on the physical principles of melt pool formation, while experimental data is used to identify the optimal coefficients. Compared to the traditional power-velocity prediction models, NBEM model introduces the cumulative neighboring-effect factors as additional input variables. These factors represent the neighborhood impact of scan path on the focal point melt pool formation from time and distance perspective. Two experiments use different scan strategies to collect in-situ measurements of melt pool size for model construction and validation. By introducing the neighboring-effect factors, the global Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) is improved from around 0.10 to 0.08. More importantly, the local NRMSE of irregular melt pool area prediction is improved to around 0.15 for more than 50% improvement. The case studies verify that the proposed method can predict the melt pool variations by seamlessly integrating scan strategy considerations.
Extracting Customer Perceptions of Product Sustainability From Online Reviews
Authors: El-Dehaibi Nasreddine , MacDonald Erin F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order for a sustainable product to be successful in the market, designers must create products that are not only sustainable in reality, but are also sustainable as perceived by the customer — and reality vs. perception of sustainability can be quite different. This paper details a design method to identify perceived sustainable features (PerSFs) by collecting online reviews, manually annotating them using crowd-sourced work, and processing the annotated review fragments with a Natural Language machine learning algorithm. We analyze all three pillars of sustainability — social, environmental, and economic — for positive and negative perceptions of product features of a French press coffee carafe. For social aspects, the results show that positive PerSFs are associated with intangible features, such as giving the product as a gift, while negative PerSFs are associated with tangible features perceived as unsafe, like sharp corners. For environmental aspects, positive PerSFs are associated with reliable materials like metal while negative PerSFs are associated with the use of plastic. For economic aspects, PerSFs mainly serve as a price constraint for designers to satisfy other customer perceptions. We also show that some crucial sustainability concerns related to environmental aspects, like energy and water consumption, did not have a significant impact on customer sentiment, thus demonstrating the anticipated gap in sustainability perceptions and the realities of sustainable design, as noted in previous literature. From these results, online reviews can enable designers to extract PerSFs for further design study and to create products that resonate with customers’ sustainable values.
Shared Control Strategy for Vehicle Stability on U-Split Road
Authors: Yu Liangyao , Abi Lanie , Lu Zhenghong , Dai Yaqi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The steer-by-wire (SBW) system eliminates the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the carriage wheel. It eliminates various limitations of the traditional steering system, so that the steering ratio of the car can be freely designed and the steering by wire system can achieve good active front wheel steering (AFS) function. In the study of the stability control of vehicles on the μ-split road, there are mainly two methods, one based on vehicle trajectory maintenance and the other based on vehicle dynamic stability control. Both of these control methods have delays, which is not conducive to the trajectory flowing ability of the vehicle when driving on the μ-split road. A shared control strategy is proposed to improve the vehicle’s stability. The purpose of this study is to establish different variable transmission ratio characteristic curves according to the different input signals of the driver and the vehicle, such as angular change speed, steering wheel angle, etc. Based on these conditions, a new model combining driver’s intention with vehicle dynamic model is established, so as to achieve the purpose of judging the stability of vehicle in advance, to reduce the delay time of control and to improve the response speed, which will improve the stability performance of the vehicle.
Smart and Autonomous Farm Field Scouting Service Robot As an Edge Device Under $1000: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Tian Junwei , Niu Haoyu , Wang Peng , Chen YangQuan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Smart farming focuses on the application of intelligent and autonomous machines to make agricultural production more effective. The development of Agriculture Unmanned Ground Vehicle (AUGV) makes it possible to utilize smart, small, intelligent robots in agriculture. Even existing AUGVs have been used in many fields, their disadvantages have limited the promotion of current AUGV system. Based on the demands of farmers, a new Low Cost Smart Agriculture Unmanned Ground Vehicle (LCS-AUGV) system is proposed. The challenges and opportunities of LCS-AUGV are discussed, and the frame work of LCS-AUGV is designed. The designed LCS-AUGV includes two subsystems: Unmanned Ground Vehicle System (UGVS) and Remote Control System (RCS), and diagrams of each subsystem are designed and described in detail. The measuring and control system (MCS) of LCS-AUGV is designed, and hierarchical structure is introduced into MCS. The new MCS principle can add or remove super information center easily, thus the high performance and low cost of the system can be taken into account. Based on the proposed MCS, a five-level control strategy is designed. The designed control strategy includes Basic Level Control (BLC), Low Level Control (HLC), Super Level Control (SLC), Agriculture Mission Based Control (AMBC). A LCS-AUGV platform is built at the basis of the designed frame work, and the cost analysis is performed. According to the analysis, the hardware cost can be controlled below $1000, while most super function can be realized. The typical applications also are described. LCS-AUGV provides an ideal platform for most smart farming tasks and is easily to be accepted by farmers. The LCS-AUGV also can be used in high level intelligence agriculture field, and be selected as a new algorithm’s research platform.
Modeling a Supply Chain Reference Ontology Based on a Top-Level Ontology
Authors: Ameri Farhad , Kulvatunyou Boonserm 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Several supply-chain ontologies have been introduced in the past decade with the promise of enabling supply chain interoperability. However, the existing supply-chain ontologies have several gaps with respect to completeness, logical consistency, domain accuracy, and the development approach. In this work, we propose a new, supply-chain, reference ontology that is 1) based on an existing top-level ontology and 2) developed using a collaborative, ontology-development, best practice. We chose this approach because empirical studies have shown the usefulness of adopting a top-level ontology both for improving the efficiency of the development process and enhancing the quality of the resulting ontology. The proposed proof-of-concept reference ontology is developed in the context of the Industrial Ontology Foundry (IOF). IOF is an international effort aimed at providing a coherent set of modular and publicly-available ontologies for the manufacturing sector. Although the proposed reference ontology is still at the draft stage, this paper shows that it has already benefited from the collaborative development process that involves inputs from the other working groups within IOF. Additionally, as a way to validate the proposed reference ontology, an application ontology related to a supplier discovery and evaluation use case is derived from the reference ontology and tested.
Improvement of Admissibility of Linear Singular Fractional Order Systems
Authors: Zhang XueFeng , Zhang Yingbo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper considers the least solutions of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) in criteria of admissibility for continuous singular fractional order systems (FOS). The new criteria are given which are strict LMIs and do not involve equality constraint and with the less LMI decision variables. With brief and simple results of this paper, the numbers of solved matrices are reduced from a pair of matrices to just a matrix in which we can analyze singular fractional order systems with completely consistent format as normal systems.
Design of NRL66.4: An Electro-Hydraulic 6-DoF Parallel Robotic Multiaxial Material Testing System
Authors: Michopoulos John G. , Iliopoulos Athanasios P. , Steuben John C. , Graber Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Contemporary material testing applications such as high throughput material testing under realistic conditions, emulation of in-service loading conditions for the qualification of additively manufactured parts, material failure and damage propagation modeling validation and material constitutive characterization, are all underscoring the demand for an automated multiaxial testing capability. In order to address these needs, the present work introduces the initial progress of the design and prototyping of a 6 degrees of freedom (6-DoF) robotic system to be used as such a testing infrastructure. This system is designed to be capable of enforcing 6-DoF kinematic or force controlled boundary conditions on deformable material specimens, while at the same time measuring both the imposed kinematics and the corresponding reaction forces in a fully automated manner. Furthermore, as an extension to our previously prototyped systems, the system proposed here is designed to apply both quasi-static loading but also cyclic loading for enabling multiaxial fatigue studies. In addition to the architecture, the design and current status of its implementation for the most critical sub-systems is presented.
Designy: A Multimedia Platform for Supporting Student Prototyping in Product Design Education
Authors: Ramos Joshua D. , Wallace David R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In product design courses, prototyping offers a way for students to develop physical intuition about materials while practicing techniques used by professional designers. A web-based platform was developed to explore the use of multimedia to provide students with additional support for prototyping activities. The result is Designy (www.productdesigny.com), a platform containing a series of photo- and video-based resources meant to help students prototype effectively. Students in two product design classes — 2.00b Toy Product Design and 2.744 Product Design — were given access to Designy to aid in their project work. To better understand whether the platform was utilized by students and if access to the platform contributed to student learning and project work, researchers analyzed website activity data and interviewed students (n = 19) to collect data regarding their experiences with the platform. A core group of 24 students (27%) in 2.00b and 29 students (35%) in 2.744 generated the most activity on the platform. Interview data indicates that students used the platform to answer prototyping-related questions when designing, to better understand the landscape of prototyping tools available to them, and to increase a feeling of confidence working in a prototyping shop.
Overall, results suggest that while in-person interactions with staff members can better help students in situations where the support students need is poorly identified, Designy was shown to provide efficient support in situations when students could clearly identify the type of support they needed.
Design of Four-, Six-, and Eight-Bar Linkages for Rectilinear Movement
Authors: Liu Xueao , Glabe Jeffrey , Wu Hongyu , Wang Chunjie , McCarthy J. Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the results of synthesis algorithms for four-, six-, and eight-bar linkages for rectilinear movement. Rectilinear movement is useful for applications such as suspensions that provide linear movement with out a rotation component. The algorithm yields one four-bar, seven six-bar, and 32 eight-bar linkages. The synthesis strategy begins with a task guided by a multi-degree of freedom chain. The algorithm computes constraints to guide the required movement with one degree-of-freedom. Each computed design is analyzed to ensure smooth movement through the specified set of task positions. Finally, we identify the design that has the least variation from a pure rectilinear movement.
A Methodology to Experimentally Investigate the Impact of Wobble Errors on the Contact Pattern and Static Transmission Error of Helical Gear Pairs
Authors: Benatar Michael , Handschuh Michael , Kahraman Ahmet , Talbot David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
For a gear pair, both the contact pattern and the transmission error (TE) significantly impact durability and fatigue life. Design and manufacturing processes are often aimed at improving the contact pattern and reducing the overall TE. Other errors, such as runout and wobble, are often induced during the installation of power transmission systems, and they can alter the contact pattern and TE of an otherwise well-designed gear pair.
This study provides a methodology to experimentally investigate the impact of wobble errors on the contact pattern and static transmission error (STE) of helical gears. It first provides a description of the modifications to an existing test machine. Next, it describes the gear specifications, preliminary testing matrix, data acquisition and processing procedure, as well as the experimental results obtained with regards to both the contact pattern and STE.
The following are observed while describing the experimental results. For a test with no wobble and no runout, the contact pattern remains the same at every rotational position. However, by introducing even a small amount of wobble, the contact will shift from one side of the face width of the gear to the opposite side of the face width of the gear within one revolution. Introduction of wobble may increase the STE and sideband activity around gear mesh harmonics, especially as torque increases. Yet the modest increases in STE and sideband activity seen with the introduction of wobble are not enough to make definitive conclusions.
The feasibility of the modified test setup has been demonstrated, and preliminary results have been presented. However, additional data collection should be completed in order to study the impact of runout and wobble on both spur and helical gear pairs with various microgeometry modifications and manufacturing errors.
An Excess Based Approach to Change Propagation
Authors: Long Daniel , Ferguson Scott 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research demonstrates how the Decision Based Design (DBD) approach can be used for determining a system’s lifecycle value when including excess. Prior research has shown that excess (the degree to which a component or attribute is sized beyond the minimum required to support the initially fielded system) can reduce the cost of changing a system. Theoretically, excess inhibits change propagation within a system and could be strategically added to increase the value of that system. Including excess, however, also adds cost and potentially impacts system performance. Prior research has not quantitatively linked excess as a means of limiting change propagation to system lifecycle value. This work advances the existing literature by considering how excess is imbedded in a system and what impact excess has on the system’s total value. After being introduced, the method is demonstrated on a desktop computer example. Results from the study are used to show how decisions about power supply capacity can be optimized by incorporating excess to achieve flexibility.
On the Spectro-Spatial Wave Features in Nonlinear Metamaterials With Multiple Local Resonators
Authors: Bukhari Mohammad A. , Barry Oumar R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Considerable attention has been given to nonlinear metamaterials because they offer some interesting phenomena such as solitons, frequency shifts, and tunable bandgaps. However, only little is known about the spectro-spatial properties of a wave propagating in nonlinear periodic chains, particularly, a cell with multiple nonlinear resonators. This problem is investigated here. Our study examines both hardening and softening nonlinearities in the chains and in the local resonators. Explicit expressions for the nonlinear dispersion relations are derived by the method of multiple scales. We validate our analytical results using numerical simulations. The numerical simulation is based on spectro-spatial analysis using signal processing techniques such as spatial-spectrogram and wave filtering. The spectro-spatial analysis provides detailed information about the interactions of dispersive and nonlinear phenomena of waveform in both short and long-wavelength domains. The findings suggest that nonlinear resonators can have more effect on the waveform than the nonlinear chains. This observation is valid in both short and long wavelength limits.
Development of a Coding Scheme for Qualitative Analysis of Student Motivation in Senior Capstone Design
Authors: Shah Devanshi , Kames Elisabeth , Clark McKenzie , Morkos Beshoy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Senior Capstone Design courses offer two major types of projects: industry sponsored projects and non-industry sponsored projects. Previous studies show changes in student motivation based on the type of project they select. However, the quantitative data analysis fails to capture the reasoning behind the student’s inclination towards a certain type of project in the beginning of the selection phase. Also, little is known about the personal experiences of the student working on the team and project they choose. This paper addresses the gap in the examination of student motivation based on the type of projects they select. This paper outlines a coding scheme developed to analyze the qualitative interview data gathered during an open-floor style exit interview with all of the senior design teams. The thirty minute exit interviews were conducted at the end of the semester to capture their experiences and reflections about the course. A coding manual is generated which highlights the codes observed frequently among the teams. Themes are developed highlighting the important phases of the course. The objective is to develop a coding scheme for senior capstone design courses which would serve as a guide to the educators to determine various factors that influence student motivation and improve the senior design experience for all students.