bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased Angiogenic And Increased Apoptotic Activities Of Bone Microvascular Endothelial Cells In Patients With Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis Of The Femoral Head
Authors: Yu Huachen , Liu Pei , Zuo Wei , Sun Xiaowei , Liu Hongzhi , Lu Feifan , Guo Wanshou , Zhang Qidong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is closely associated with the dysfunction of the bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). The present study investigated the angiogenic and apoptotic activity of the BMECs in glucocorticoid-induced ONFH.
Methods: This study enrolled a total of 12 patients, six of whom were assigned to the ONFH group whereas the other six served as the control group. The ONFH group was composed of patients with glucocorticoid-induced ONFH while the control group had femoral neck fractures. BMECs were isolated from the subchondral region of the femoral head. Cell proliferation, cell viability, tube formation assay, Transwell assay, TUNEL assay, and Western blot analysis were performed.
Results: BMECs of the two groups were successfully isolated and identified. No significant differences were noticed in BMECs proliferation between the two groups. However, compared to the control, cell viability, tube formation, and migration of BMECs were significantly decreased and the number of TUNEL positive cells was markedly increased in the ONFH group. In the ONFH group, it was also noted that the amount of Bax and cleaved-caspase3 was elevated while that of Bcl-2 was reduced.
Conclusion: The findings of our study revealed that BMECs obtained from the glucocorticoid-induced ONFH patients had decreased angiogenic and increased apoptotic activities, which could explain the pathogenesis and progression of glucocorticoid-induced ONFH.
Long-term outcomes of uncemented or cemented arthroplasty revision following metal-on-metal total hip replacement
Authors: Chen Wenli , Shuai Mao , Lin Jinluan , Chen Baomin , Zhao Mingdong , Zhang Xinchao , Yu Weiguang , Han Guowei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Which device(uncemented or cemented total hip replacement[UTR or CTR]) is more conducive to the revision of metal-on-metal total hip replacement(MoM-TR) is inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of individuals who had undertaken UTR versus CTR following initial MoM-TR.

Methods

Two hundred and thirty-four individuals(234 hips) had received UTR or CTR following initial MoM-TR during 2007-2018 were reviewed . Outcomes reported in this analysis involving Harris Hip Scores(HHS) as well as the major orthopaedic complications(MOC) were gathered 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and then every one year after revision.

Results

From the 12th month after revision to final follow-up, CTR yielded superior HHS than UTR. The MOC rates were 47.4% and 16.1% in the UTR and CTR groups, respectively. Between-group noteworthy divergences were noted regarding the rates of re-revision, prosthesis loosening, and periprosthetic fracture(10.3% for UTR vs 2.5% for CTR, p =0.015; 16.3% for UTR vs 5.9% for CTR, p = 0.011; and 12.0% for UTR vs 4.2% for CTR, p =0.045, respectively).

Conclusion

The superiority of CTR over UTR in terms of improving HHS and decreasing the MOC rate.
Using Pulse Oximetry Waveforms to Detect Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Sorensen Matthew , Sadiq Ismail , Clifford Gari D. , Maher Kevin O. , Oster Matthew E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Coarctation of the aorta is a common form of critical congenital heart disease that remains challenging to diagnose prior to clinical deterioration. Despite current screening methods infants with coarctation may present with life threatening cardiogenic shock requiring urgent hospitalization and intervention. We sought to improve critical congenital heart disease screening by using a novel pulse oximetry waveform analysis, specifically focused on detection of coarctation of the aorta.

Methods and Results

Over a 2-year period, we obtained pulse oximetry waveform data on 18 neonates with coarctation of the aorta and 18 age-matched controls hospitalized in the cardiac intensive care unit at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. Patients with coarctation were receiving Prostaglandin E1 and had a patent ductus arteriosus. By analyzing discrete features in the waveforms, we identified statistically significant differences in the maximum rate of fall between patients with and without coarctation. This was accentuated when comparing the difference between the upper and lower extremities, with the lower extremities having a shallow slope angle when a coarctation was present (p-value 0.001). Postoperatively, there were still differences in the maximum rate of fall between the repaired coarctation patients and controls; however, these differences normalized when compared with the same individual’s upper vs. lower extremities. Coarctation patients compared to themselves (preoperatively and postoperatively), demonstrated waveform differences between upper and lower extremities that were significantly reduced after successful surgery (p-value 0.028). This screening algorithm had an accuracy of detection of 72% with 0.61 sensitivity and 0.94 specificity.

Conclusions

We were able to identify specific features in pulse oximetry waveforms that were unique to patients with coarctation and further demonstrated that these changes normalized after surgical repair. Pulse oximetry screening for congenital heart disease in neonates may thus be improved by including waveform analysis, aiming to identify coarctation of the aorta prior to critical illness. Further large-scale testing is required to validate this screening model among patients in a newborn nursery setting who are low risk for having coarctation.
Comparison of Bacterial Communities in Soil Samples with and without Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hu Anna , Zhou Jianuan , Zhang Wenfei , Li Peng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most notorious soil-borne phytopathogens. It causes a severe wilt disease with deadly effects on many economically important crops. The microbita of disease-suppressive soils are thought that they can contribute to the disease resistance of crop plants, thus, to conduct the microbial community and their interaction characteristics between suppressive soil (SS) and conducive soil (CS) will help to understand resistance mechanism. Here, the bacterial community structure, correlation analysis with soil chemical properties, interaction network of SS (nearly no disease in three years), and CS (suffered heavy bacterial wilt disease) were analyzed. Results: Compared with CS, a higher bacterial community diversity index was found in SS , and the relative abundance of main genera Bacillus , Gaiellales , Roseiflexus , Gemmatimonadaceae , Nocardioides , and Anaerolineacear reached significant levels. Redundancy analysis at the genus level indicated that the available phosphate played a key role in the bacterial community distribution, and its role was negatively correlated with soil pH, organic matter content, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium contents. Interaction network analysis further demonstrated that greater diversity at the genus level existed in the SS network and formed a stable network. Additionally, the species of Mycobacterium , Cyanobacteria , and Rhodobiaceae are the key components that sustain the network stability. Seven clusters of orthologous groups exhibited significant differences between SS and CS. Moreover, 55 bacterial strains with distinct antagonistic activities to R. solancearum were isolated and identified. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the bacterial diversity and interaction network differed between the CS and SS samples, providing a good foundation in the study of bacterial wilt.
Enhanced recovery care versus traditional non- ERAS care following osteotomies in developmental dysplasia of the hip in children : a retrospective case-cohort study
Authors: Li Jin , Rai Saroj , Ze Renhao , Tang Xin , Liu Ruikang , Hong Pan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been shown to shorten the length of hospital stay and reduce the incidence of perioperative complications in many surgical fields. However, there has been a paucity of research examining the application of ERAS in major pediatric orthopedic surgeries. This study aims to compare the perioperative complications and length of hospital stay after osteotomies in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) between ERAS and traditional non-ERAS group. Methods: The ERAS group consisted of 86 patients included in the ERAS program from January 2016 to December 2017. The Control group consisted of 82 DDH patients who received osteotomies from January 2014 to December 2015. Length of hospital stay, physiological function, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean duration of hospital stay was significantly reduced from 10.0±3.1 in the traditional care group to 6.0±0.8 days in the ERAS(P<0.001). The VAS score in 3-day was significantly lower in ERAS group (2.9±0.8) than traditional non-ERAS group (4.0±0.8) (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of breakout pain (VAS >4) between two groups (29.5±6.3 vs.30.6±6.5, P=0.276). The frequency of postoperative fever was lower in the ERAS group. The frequency of urinary tract infection in both groups were not noticeable because the catheter was removed promptly after the surgery. Conclusion: The ERAS protocol is both safe and feasible for pediatric DDH patients undergoing osteotomies, and it can shorten the length of hospital stay without increasing the risk of perioperative complications.
Impact of patient-perceived quality of primary health care on the patients' bypass behaviour in China
Authors: Zhang WeiWei , Huang Yuankai , Li Gaojie , Zhou Hongjie , Xi Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Bypass behaviour is a phenomenon that an individual visits an higher-level and farther health institution instead of one with an acceptable quality of care that is closer. Patient bypass often occurs under the loose rules of first diagnosis. Additionally, patients’ perceived quality of primary health care is one of the important factors affecting their bypass behaviours. Objective: to explore individuals’ bypass behaviour in China and the impact of patients’ perceived quality of primary health care on their bypass behaviour. Method: in 2019, a national wide sampling survey was conducted to collect data of Chinese residents’ bypass behaviours and its potential influencing factors. The questionnaire that was used assessed the following: the perceived quality of primary care using the Primary Care Assessment Tool; bypass experience; age; health insurance; and other factors. A logit regression model was used to analyse the impact of perceived quality of PHC on bypass behaviour. Results: the data of 2070 residents sampled in 706 secondary/tertiary hospitals in China were collected. The results show that perceived quality of PHC is significantly associated with bypass behaviour in China. Per increase of one the PCAT mean score had an odds ratio of 0.98 (p<0.05) for bypass behaviour. Gender, household registration and cold fee for PHC were negatively associated with bypass behaviour. Conclusion: patients' perceived quality of primary health care plays an active role in reducing their bypass behaviours, which may provide a new perspective for the design of primary health care policies.
Effects of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementation on stroke among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis
Authors: You Xiaohan , Zhou Ying , Zhang Jianna , Zhou Qiongxiu , Shi Yanling , Su Zhen , Chen Chaoshen , Shao Rongrong , Zhang Ji 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients have a high incidence of stroke and commonly have increased parathyroid hormone levels and vitamin D insufficiency. We seek to investigate the incidence of stroke and the role of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementation in stroke risk among CAPD patients. Methods: This study employed a retrospective design. We enrolled a Chinese cohort of 980 CAPD patients who were routinely followed in our department. The demographic and clinical data were recorded at the time of initial CAPD and during follow-up. The included patients were separated into non-stroke and stroke groups. The effects of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementation on stroke in CAPD patients was evaluated. The primary endpoint is defined as the first occurrence of stroke, and composite endpoint events are defined as death or switch to hemodialysis during follow-up. Results: A total of 757 eligible CAPD patients with a mean follow-up time of 54.7 (standard deviation, 33) months were included in the study. The median incidence of stroke among our CAPD patients was 18.9 (interquartile range, 15.7 - 22.1) per 1000 person-years. A significant nonlinear correlation between baseline iPTH and hazard of stroke (p-value of linear association = 0.2 and nonlinear association = 0.002) was observed in our univariate Cox regression analysis, and low baseline iPTH levels (≤150 pg/ml) were associated with an increased cumulative hazard of stroke. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated a significant interaction effect between age and iPTH after adjusting for other confounders. Vitamin D supplementation during follow-up was a predictive factor for stroke in our cohort. Conclusions: CAPD patients suffered a high risk of stroke, and lower iPTH levels were significantly correlated with an increased risk of stroke. Nevertheless, vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of stroke in these patients.
Outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab injection without pre and postoperative antibiotics
Authors: Shrestha Ruchi , Karki Pratap , Joshi Sagun Narayan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Backgound Intravitreal injections are the most common treatment modality for several retinal pathologies. Despite endophthalmitis being the most feared complication, antibioprophylaxis remains controversial in intravitreal injections.Methods This was a retrospective study done for a period of 2 years from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018 in BPKLCOS among patients receiving intravitreal bevacizumab. The intravitreal injection was given by a single surgeon. It included 503 eyes which received intravitreal bevacizumab over a period of 2 years without pre and postoperative antibiotics.Results Out of 503 eyes studied over a period of 2 years without antibiotic prophylaxis the rate of endophthalmitis was 0.0019% which is very low compared to the other studies with rate of endophthalmitis between 0.019-0.09%.Conclusion The risk of endophthalmitis was low even without pre/post-operative antibiotics. Intravitreal injection can be given safely without pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics. Trial Registration not applicable as it is a retrospective study.
Study on the Relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone in Chinese Young Adults
Authors: Hu Yichun , Li Siran , Liu Zhen , Yang Lichen , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Vitamin D plays an important role in bone health and other diseases, however, there is no consensus over the optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Many studies defined a level of serum 25(OH)D at which serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels decreased and reached a plateau might be the optimal status for vitamin D sufficiency. This study was performed to study the relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration in the Chinese non-clinical young population aged 18-44y. Methods : The serum samples of young adults aged 18-44 years old were selected from the established serum bank of Chinese Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Survey (CCDNS, 2015-2018). The serum 25(OH)D concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer, and the iPTH was determined by electronic chemiluminescence method. The relationship of 25(OH)D and iPTH were analyzed by partial correlation analysis, and the threshold of 25(OH)D was analyzed by locally weighted scatter plot smoothing method after adjusting the iPTH by age, season of blood draw, BMI, waist, sex and latitude. Results : 623 serum samples (293 male, 330 female) of 25(OH)D concentration and iPTH concentration were analyzed. Significant higher 25(OH)D concentration was found in male than female. And the samples from the southern China had higher 25(OH)D concentration than those from the northern China. Samples from autumn had higher 25(OH)D concentration than those from spring and winter. The inversely relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and iPTH concentration was observed when the 25(OH)D was below 17.6 ng/mL for both sexes. The threshold for male was 16.2 ng/mL and it was 25.6 ng/mL for female. Conclusions : The threshold and the relationship between 25(OH)D and iPTH differs by sex among Chinese young adults aged 18-44y. Further study is needed to evaluate the sex-specific ranges of optimal vitamin D. Trial registration : Not applicable.
β-glucan attenuates cognitive impairment via the gut-brain axis in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Shi Hongli , Yu Yinghua , New Qianqian Li , Lin Danhong , Zheng Peng , Zhang Peng , Hu Minmin , Pan Wei , Yang Xiaoying , Hu Tao , Tang Renxian , Zhou Feng , Zheng Kuiyang , Huang Xu-Feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: “Western” style dietary patterns are characterised by a high proportion of highly processed foods rich in fat and low in fibre. This diet-pattern is associated with myriad metabolic dysfunctions including neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. β-glucan, the major soluble fibre in oat and barley grains, are fermented in the lower gastrointestinal tract, potentially impacting the microbial ecosystem and thus may improve elements of the gut-brain axis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of β-glucan on the microbiota-gut-brain axis and cognitive function in an obese mouse model induced by a high-fat and fibre deficient diet (HFFD).
Results: After chronic supplementation for 15 weeks, β-glucan prevented HFFD diet-induced cognitive impairment assessed behaviourally by object location and nesting building tests. In the hippocampus, β-glucan countered the HFFD-induced microglia activation and its engulfment of synaptic puncta, and up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) mRNA expression. Also in the hippocampus, β-glucan significantly promoted PTP1B-IRS-pAKT-pGSK3β-pTau signalling for synaptogenesis; improved the synaptic ultrastructure examined by transmission electron microscopy and increased both pre- and post-synaptic protein levels compared to the HFFD-treated group. In the colon, β-glucan reversed HFFD-induced gut barrier dysfunction: increased the thickness of colonic mucus (Alcian blue and mucin-2 glycoprotein immunofluorescence staining); increased the levels of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1; and attenuated bacterial endotoxin translocation. The HFFD diet resulted in widespread microbiota dysbiosis, effects abrogated by chronic β-glucan supplementation, with the β-glucan effects on bacteroidetes and its lower taxa particularly striking. Importantly, acute study of β-glucan supplementation for 7 days demonstrated pronounced, rapid differentiating microbiota changes before the cognitive improvement, suggesting the possible causality of gut microbiota profile on cognition. In support, broad-spectrum antibiotic intervention to severely deplete gut microbiota colonisation, eliminated β-glucan’s effects on improving cognition, highlighting the role of gut microbiota to mediate cognitive behavior.
Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence that β-glucan improves indices of cognition and brain function with major beneficial effects all along the gut microbiota-brain axis. Our data suggest that elevating consumption of β-glucan-rich foods is an easily implementable nutritional strategy to alleviate detrimental features of gut-brain dysregulation and prevent neurodegenerative diseases associated with Westernized dietary patterns.
Assessing the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in the wheat pathogen Parastagonspora nodorum
Authors: Khan Haseena , McDonald Megan C , Willams Simon J , Solomon Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The genome-editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized gene manipulation by providing an efficient method to generate targeted mutations. This technique deploys the Cas9 endonuclease and a guide RNA (sgRNA) which interact to form a Cas9-sgRNA complex that initiates gene editing through the introduction of double stranded DNA breaks. We tested the efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas9 approach as a means of facilitating a variety of reverse genetic approaches in the wheat pathogenic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum. Results: Parastagonospora nodorum protoplasts were transformed with the Cas9 protein and sgRNA in the form of a preassembled ribonuclear protein (RNP) complex targeting the Tox3 effector gene. Subsequent screening of the P. nodorum transformants revealed 100% editing of those mutants screened. We further tested the efficacy of RNP complex when co-transformed with a Tox3-Homology Directed Repair cassette harbouring 1 kb of homologous flanking DNA. Subsequent screening of resulting transformants demonstrated homologous recombination efficiencies exceeding 70%. A further transformation with a Tox3-Homology Directed Repair cassette harbouring a selectable marker with 50 bp micro-homology flanks was also achieved with 25% homologous recombination efficiency. The success of these homology directed repair approaches demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 is amenable to other in vivo DNA manipulation approaches such as the insertion of DNA and generating point mutations. Conclusion: These data highlight the significant potential that CRISPR/Cas9 has in expediting transgene-free gene knockouts in Parastagonospora nodorum and also in facilitating other gene manipulation approaches. Access to these tools will significantly decrease the time required to assess the requirement of gene for disease and to undertake functional studies to determine its role.