bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hopping on: Conspecific traveller density within a vehicle regulates parasitic hitchhiking between ephemeral microcosms
Authors: Gupta Satyajeet , Borges Renee M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Hitchhikers (phoretic organisms) identify their vehicles using species‐specific visual, chemical and vibrational cues. However, what factors influence their choice between vehicles of the same species has rarely been investigated.

Hitchhikers must not only avoid overcrowded vehicles but may also need to travel with conspecifics to ensure mates at their destination. Hence, a trade‐off between overcrowding and presence of conspecifics likely determines the choice of a vehicle especially when destination sites are distant, ephemeral and unique.

Here, we investigate whether a trade‐off between the presence of conspecifics versus overcrowding by conspecifics or heterospecifics on a vehicle affects hitchhiker choice. We also investigate the sensory modality responsible for this choice. We experimentally examine these questions using a phoretic nematode community (containing plant‐ and animal‐parasitic taxa) obligately associated with a brood‐site pollination mutualism. In this model system, nematodes co‐travel with conspecifics and heterospecifics on pollinators as vehicles, between ephemeral plant brood sites to complete their developmental life cycle. In this system, hitchhiker overcrowding has proven negative impacts on vehicle and plant fitness. We expected nematodes to respond to conspecifics and heterospecific density on offered vehicles when making their choice.

We found that animal‐parasitic nematodes preferred vehicles containing some conspecifics within a certain density range. However, plant‐parasitic nematodes preferentially boarded vehicles that were devoid of conspecifics or had few conspecifics. Plant parasites that preferred empty vehicles likely hitchhiked in pairs. Both nematode types employed volatile cues to discriminate between vehicles with different conspecific nematode densities. Our results suggest that vehicle overcrowding by conspecifics, most likely, guaranteed access to mates at the destination determined hitchhiker choice. Surprisingly, and contrary to our expectations, plant‐ and animal‐parasitic nematodes did not respond to heterospecific crowding on vehicles and did not discriminate between vehicles with different heterospecific nematode densities. The reason for this lack of response to heterospecific presence is unknown.

This study not only shows that phoretic organisms use different strategies while choosing a vehicle but also confirms that density‐dependent effects can ensure the stability and persistence of phoretic interactions in a mutualism by balancing overcrowding against reproductive assurance.
Personal and contextual components of resilience mediate risky family environment's effect on psychotic‐like experiences
Authors: Rossi Rodolfo , Collazzoni Alberto , Talevi Dalila , Gibertoni Dino , Quarta Eleonora , Rossi Alessandro , Stratta Paolo , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Pacitti Francesca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) index an increased risk for subsequent psychotic disorders. A risky family environment is a well‐established risk factor for PLEs; however, different contextual and personal resiliency factors may differentially mediate its effect on PLEs.ObjectiveIn this study, we propose a two‐dimensional model of resilience. Our aim is to address separately the mediational role of personal and contextual resiliency factors between a risky family environment and PLEs in a community sample.Methods and materialsFive‐hundred University students completed an on‐line questionnaire, including the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the 16‐item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (iPQ‐16) and the Risky Family Questionnaire (RFQ). Mediation was assessed using Structural Equation Modelling with bootstrapping estimation of indirect effect.ResultsThe direct effects of personal and contextual resilience on PLEs were respectively −0.69 [−0.97, −0.41] (P < .001) and − 0.19 [−0.58, 0.20] (ns); the indirect effect through personal resilience was 0.03[0.01, 0.04] (P < .001). Personal resilience mediated 27.4% of the total effect of risky family environment on PLEs.DiscussionPersonal resilience, as opposite to contextual resilience, mediates the effect of a risky family environment on PLEs. Low personal resilience may represent an individual risk factor that transmits the effect of risky family environment on PLEs and could represent a central aspect of individualized prevention and treatment strategies.
Generation and basic characterization of a gene‐trap knockout mouse model of Scn2a with a substantial reduction of voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.2 expression
Authors: Eaton Muriel , Zhang Jingliang , Ma Zhixiong , Park Anthony C. , Lietzke Emma , Romero Chloé M. , Liu Yushuang , Coleman Emily R. , Chen Xiaoling , Xiao Tiange , Que Zhefu , Lai Shirong , Wu Jiaxiang , Lee Ji Hea , Palant Sophia , Nguyen Huynhvi P. , Huang Zhuo , Skarnes William C. , Koss Wendy A. , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale genetic studies revealed SCN2A as one of the most frequently mutated genes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. SCN2A encodes for the voltage‐gated sodium channel isoform 1.2 (Nav1.2) expressed in the neurons of the central nervous system. Homozygous knockout (null) of Scn2a in mice is perinatal lethal, whereas heterozygous knockout of Scn2a (Scn2a+/−) results in mild behavior abnormalities. The Nav1.2 expression level in Scn2a+/− mice is reported to be around 50–60% of the wild‐type (WT) level, which indicates that a close to 50% reduction of Nav1.2 expression may not be sufficient to lead to major behavioral phenotypes in mice. To overcome this barrier, we characterized a novel mouse model of severe Scn2a deficiency using a targeted gene‐trap knockout (gtKO) strategy. This approach produces viable homozygous mice (Scn2agtKO/gtKO) that can survive to adulthood, with about a quarter of Nav1.2 expression compared to WT mice. Innate behaviors like nesting and mating were profoundly disrupted in Scn2agtKO/gtKO mice. Notably, Scn2agtKO/gtKO mice have a significantly decreased center duration compared to WT in the open field test, suggesting anxiety‐like behaviors in a novel, open space. These mice also have decreased thermal and cold tolerance. Additionally, Scn2agtKO/gtKO mice have increased fix‐pattern exploration in the novel object exploration test and a slight increase in grooming, indicating a detectable level of repetitive behaviors. They bury little to no marbles and have decreased interaction with novel objects. These Scn2a gene‐trap knockout mice thus provide a unique model to study pathophysiology associated with severe Scn2a deficiency.
MUC4 is expressed in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Forgó Erna , Hornick Jason L , Charville Gregory W 
Published: December 2020

AimsMucin 4 (MUC4) is a transmembrane glycoprotein normally expressed by several human epithelial surfaces, including those of the colon, vagina, and respiratory tract. Although MUC4 overexpression is seen in various carcinomas, its expression among mesenchymal neoplasms is fairly specific to low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. Having observed unanticipated anti‐MUC4 immunoreactivity in rhabdomyosarcoma, we aimed to further characterise its expression.Methods and resultsExpression of MUC4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a total of 97 rhabdomyosarcomas using formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. MUC4 was expressed by 21 of 26 PAX3/7–FOXO1 fusion‐positive cases, wherein immunoreactivity, varying from weak to strong, was present in 20–100% of neoplastic cells. With the exception of one sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma showing immunoreactivity in 20% of cells, MUC4 was not expressed by embryonal (n = 28), sclerosing (n = 20), or pleomorphic (n = 23) rhabdomyosarcomas. Analysing published gene expression microarray data from a separate cohort of 33 fusion‐positive and 25 fusion‐negative rhabdomyosarcomas, we found on average a 11.4‐fold increased expression in fusion‐positive tumours (P = 0.0004).ConclusionsMUC4 is expressed to a variable extent in the majority of PAX3/7–FOXO1 fusion‐positive (alveolar) rhabdomyosarcomas, while expression in other rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes is rare.
Intersectionality and relations between oppressed groups: Intergroup implications of beliefs about intersectional differences and commonalities
Authors: Nair Rashmi , Vollhardt Johanna Ray 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial psychological research on relations between oppressed groups has highlighted the role of how people compare their own and other groups’ oppression—that is, comparative victim beliefs. However, this research has examined comparative victim beliefs concerning single‐identity groups such as ethnicity or religion. Consequently, beliefs regarding experiences of oppression based on multiple intersecting identities (e.g., race, class, and gender)—that is, intersectional consciousness—have been overlooked. Integrating research on comparative victim beliefs and intersectional consciousness, we investigated perceived privilege and oppression linked with peoples’ intersecting identities that can inform relations between oppressed communities—specifically, between Dalits (lower castes) and Muslims in the understudied context of India. Thematic analysis of individual interviews (N = 33) and focus groups (K = 12; N = 66) revealed distinct beliefs of differences and commonalities linked with intersectional experiences that can be sources of solidarity or tensions between oppressed groups. Along with making significant theoretical contributions, this research holds important implications for policymakers and activists who aim to forge coalitions between oppressed groups.
Screening donors for COVID‐19 convalescent plasma
Authors: Wang Henry E. , Ostrosky‐Zeichner Luis , Katz Jeffrey , Wanger Audrey , Bai Yu , Sridhar Sujatha , Patel Bela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundConvalescent plasma is used as a treatment for COVID‐19. Only limited data describe the efforts to recruit COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors. We describe our experience engaging persons recovered from COVID‐19 to donate CCP.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the CCP recruitment for an 11‐hospital health system in Houston, Texas. We sought CCP donations from: a) “volunteers” responding to advertisements in social media, press releases, and websites and b) “referred” individuals directed to the program or identified from hospitalization records. We determined the proportions of donor candidates who passed initial telephone health screening, who qualified after diagnostic testing, who presented to the regional CCP donation center, and who completed CCP donation.ResultsThere were 900 CCP donor candidates, including 363 volunteers and 537 referred donors. Of 360 contacted volunteers, 186 (5.7%) were excluded by interview; 133 were referred for additional diagnostic screening, 97 completed donor antibody and antigen testing, and 87 were qualified for CCP donation, resulting in 35 CCP donations (9.7% of initial telephone contacts). Among 533 referred donors, 448 (84.1%) were excluded by interview, 71 were referred for additional screening, 48 completed donor antibody and antigen testing, and 40 were qualified for CCP donation, resulting in one CCP donation (0.2% of initial telephone contacts).ConclusionIn this community, screening of a high number of candidates yielded a limited number of CCP donations. These observations have important implications for CCP donor recruitment and community pandemic planning.
Volunteering Served as a Transitional Role That Enhances the Well-Being and Cognitive Health Among Older Adults With Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Lee Kathy , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , Richardson Virginia E. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: We examined whether volunteering among older adults with cognitive impairments serves as a transitional role that can enhance these older persons’ well-being and cognitive health. Methods: Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we selected older adults with cognitive impairments ( N = 472) and developed linear mixed models to assess associations between volunteering and health outcomes. Results: Volunteers in our sample were mostly females, non-Hispanic whites, those with higher income, and those with a high-school diploma. Volunteering was associated with higher levels of self-rated health, and consistent participation in volunteer work was related to stronger feelings of purpose in life. Cognitive health slightly improved over time only among those who volunteered. Discussion: We demonstrate that cognitive impaired older adults’ participation in the volunteer role can benefit cognitive health while strengthening their late life resilience.
19.34  cm2 large-area quaternary organic photovoltaic module with 12.36% certified efficiency
Authors: Jia Ziyan , Chen Zeng , Chen Xu , Yao Jizhong , Yan Buyi , Sheng Rui , Zhu Haiming , Yang Yang (Michael) 
Published: December 2020

In this study, a quaternary blending strategy was applied in the fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices and large-area modules. As a result, the ultimate quaternary organic solar cells (OSCs) deliver 16.71% efficiency for small-area devices and 13.25% for large-area (

19.34

cm

2

) modules (certified as 12.36%), which is one of the highest efficiencies for organic solar modules to date. Our results have proved the synergistic effects of multiple components in OSCs, providing an effective strategy for achieving high-performance organic photovoltaic devices and modules.
Endodontide Ozonun Kullanımı
Authors: ERDOĞAN Deniz , ERDEMİR Ali 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Ozon, oksitleyici özelliğinden dolayı uzun yıllardan
beri tıp ve diş hekimliği alanlarında başarıyla kullanılan mükemmel bir
antimikrobiyal ajandır. Ozon oral dokulara; ozon gazı, ozonlu su ve ozonlu yağ
olarak uygulanabilir. Ozonun endodontide; irigasyon solüsyonu, antimikrobiyal
ajan, kanal içi medikament olarak kullanımı, ayrıca dental adezivlere ve
postoperatif ağrı kontrolüne etkisi de gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu derlemenin
amacı; ozonun etkileri ve endodontideki kullanım alanlarına yönelik fikir
vermektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Bulgular:Sonuçlar:Anahtar Kelimeler: antimikrobiyal; endodonti; irigasyon; ozonlu su;
ozon gazı
Bulbar üretroplastide dorsal ve ventral onlay bukkal mukozal greft kullanımının karşılaştırılması
Authors: BAYLAN Burhan , YİĞİTBAŞI Orhan , YALÇINKAYA Fatih , KARTAL İbrahim Güven 
Published: December 2020

Amaç Erkeklerde
üretral darlık en sık bulber üretrada gözlenmektedir. Bulber üretradaki 2 cm’ den
uzun darlıklarda, bukkal mukozal greft yerleştirilen substitüsyon
üretroplastide, greftin kullanıldığı yerin cerrahi etkilerini araştırmayı
amaçladık.Materyal Method Kliniğimizde
2 cm’ den uzun bulbar üretral darlık nedeniyle dorsal ve ventral greft onlay
üretroplasti uygulanan hastaların
demografik ve darlık özellikleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Dorsal ve
ventral greft üretroplasti uygulanan gruplar başarı ve komplikasyon oranları
açısından karşılaştırıldı. İşeme şikayetlerinin olmaması ve maksimum akış hızın
15 ml/sn’ in üzerinde olması başarı kriteri olarak kabul edildi. BulgularDorsal onlay greft uygulanan
52 (%83.9), ventral onlay greft uygulanan 13 (%81.2) hastada üretroplasti ile
başarı sağlandı. Gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmedi. Demografik
ve darlık özelikleri, operatif ve cerrahi sonuçlar ile komplikasyon oranları
(%14.5 ve %12.5) açısından iki grup benzerlik göstermekteydi.Sonuç

Bulbar üretral
darlıklarda; substitüsyon üretroplastide dorsal ve ventral onlay greft
yöntemleri yüksek başarı ve güvenle tercih edilebilir.
RFID Kütüphane Sistemi İçin En Uygun RFID Etiketin AHP ve ANP Yöntemleriyle Belirlenmesi
Authors: YENİGÜN Ramazan , YILDIZ Aytaç , UĞUR Levent 
Published: December 2020

Kitaplar gibi çok sayıda nesnenin etiketlenmesi,
tanımlanması ve sisteme işlenmesi oldukça zaman almaktadır. Radyo Frekansı ile
Tanımlama (RFID ) teknolojisi, radyo frekansını kullanarak kitapların
tanımlanması ve işlenmesi konusunda hızlı ve verimli bir yöntem sunmaktadır.
Ancak birçok RFID teknolojisi arasından en uygun olanı belirlemek içerisinde
birçok kriter barındıran karmaşık bir karar problemidir ve çok kriterli karar
verme yöntemleri kullanılarak çözülmesi fayda sağlamaktadır.

Bu çalışmada kütüphanedeki kitapların tanımlanması ve
tüm süreçlerin kolaylaştırılması için kurulmak istenen RFID sistemi için önemli
bir bileşen olan RFID etiketleri arasından en uygun olanını seçmek
amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak, belirlenen seçim kriterleri ve alternatiflere göre
hiyerarşik ve ağ yapıları oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra Analitik Hiyerarşi
Prosesi (AHP) ve Analitik Ağ Prosesi (ANP) yöntemleri kullanılarak
alternatifler sıralanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda her iki yöntemden elde edilen
alternatif önem ağırlıklarına göre en uygun RFID etiketi tespit edilmiştir..
Quality of life of tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss
Authors: Ayodele Oluyomi S. , Segun-Busari Segun Segun-Busari , Omokanye Kayodele H. , Dunmade David A. , Ologe Emmanuel F. 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tinnitus is a common, irritating and often disturbing symptom. It poses big challenge to the patients’ management and affects their quality of life (QoL). Tinnitus is one of the most common otological symptoms associated with hearing loss. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of life of adult tinnitus patients and the effect presence of hearing loss has on the quality of life.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> All consenting adults presenting with tinnitus with or without associated hearing loss were recruited. Sociodemographic information, clinical assessment, pure tone audiometry (PTA) and QoL assessment with Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) were carried out. The data collected were analysed and results were presented in tables and simple chart. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The age range of participants was between 18 and 80 years with a mean age of 51.94 years±17.41. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The relationship between tinnitus and associated hearing loss was statistically significant with moderate hearing loss found as commonest. Sensorineural hearing loss was the commonest type found. Tinnitus was mostly described as a big problem. The relationship between the TFI scores and presence of hearing loss as well as degree of hearing loss was statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Tinnitus has a significant health burden which tends to increase with co-existing hearing loss. PTA assessment and measurement of QoL should be advocated as routine for tinnitus patients no matter the cause of tinnitus and also especially among those with self-professed normal hearing.</p>
Clinico-cytoradiological correlation with histopathology in the diagnosis of thyroid nodule
Authors: Kansara Anuj A. , Kansara Atul H. 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid nodules are commonly encountered in the surgical practice and accurate preoperative evaluation of thyroid disorder becomes mandatory for proper management of the patient. This study aimed to correlate preoperative FNAC and USG with postoperative histopathological diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 patients who underwent surgical intervention for thyroid swelling from May 2016 to May 2017 were recruited. The study design consisted of a prospective correlation of preoperative FNAC and USG with postoperative histopathological diagnosis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 50 patients 42 were female and 8 males. Overall sensitivity for FNAC was 66.66% and specificity of 97.36% and for USG, Sensitivity was 58.33% and specificity of 94.73%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> FNAC and USG are an essential procedure for preoperative assessment of thyroid swelling, but malignancy can still come as a surprise in postoperative histopathological examination. A combined opinion on the nature of a thyroid swelling should be done but still, the thyroid swelling continues to be an enigma and definitive diagnosis is possible only with excision and postoperative histopathological examination.</p>
Co-morbidities associated with various ear nose throat conditions of geriatric patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kuruvilla Anoop Varghese , Vinayakumar Ariyamparambil Rajagopalan , Varghese Nevil 
Published: December 2020

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Old age is a sensitive phase in which lack of awareness regarding the changing behavioural patterns leads to major physiological and psychological problems. This emphasizes the need for a study on the co-morbidities associated with ENT conditions among geriatric population presented in a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: A discrete study was done among the elder patients (≥65 years) admitted in ENT department. Detailed history was taken regarding their co-morbidities and health problems using questionnaire. Feedback of these patients with respect to their ENT conditions as well as co-morbidities was recorded during hospital stay and subsequent follow-upin ENT outpatient department. Opinion of general physician, neurologist, cardiologist was sought and advices followed for management of co-morbidities. The prevalence of co-morbidities and health problems were subjected to statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: A total of 141 patients (90 male and 51 female) were included in the study. The most common ENT associated illness for the admission was epistaxis (23/141, 16.3%) and vocal cord pathology (23/141,16.3%). The most common associated co-morbidities were hypertension (54/141, 38.2%) and type 2 diabetes (51/141, 36.17%). Symptomatic improvement and patient satisfaction with treatment offered were higher with adequate management of co-morbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The most common ENT associated illness for the admission was epistaxis and vocal cord pathology which was associated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Better control of these co-morbidities improves treatment outcome as well as patient satisfaction, trust with medical field.</p>
The mini osteoplastic flap for eroded anterior table: case report
Authors: Munjal Manish , Rishi Porshia , Sidhu Harjinder , Rishi Ojassvi , Munjal Shubham , Talwar Shivam , Sharma Salony 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract">Trans-nasal Endoscopic access to the frontal sinus is in vogue now a days with advancements imaging modalities and availability of angled instrumentation. The external osteoplastic flap approach to the frontal sinus is still applicable in failed endoscopic procedures, laterally placed pathologies or eroded anterior or posterior tables. We discuss an intriguing patient with chronic dull ache over the forehead being treated with a mini osteoplastic flap technique. There is no single approach that has been able to fulfil the criteria for the modality of choice in terms of excellent results, no recurrence or residual disease, minimal morbidity, short hospital stays, uneventful long-term postoperative course, and good cosmesis in cases of extensive disease involvement. The main objective of this study was to study the outcome of external frontal sinus osteoplastic flap approach in terms of intraoperative disease clearance for extensive frontal sinus lesions beyond the scope of endoscopic excision. </p>