bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Lactose‐Derived CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery System for Efficient Genome Editing In Vivo to Treat Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Qi Yu , Liu Yanli , Yu Bingran , Hu Yang , Zhang Nasha , Zheng Yan , Yang Ming , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGene editing is a crucial and effective strategy to treat genetic diseases. Safe and effective delivery vectors are specially required for efficient gene editing in vivo of CRISPR/Cas9 system. Interestingly, lactose, a natural saccharide, can specifically bind to asialoglycoprotein receptors, highly expressed on the surface of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Herein, a lactose‐derived branched cationic biopolymer (LBP) with plentiful reducible disulfide linkages and hydroxyl groups is proposed as a potential delivery vector of CRISPR/Cas9 system for efficient genome editing in vivo to treat orthotopic HCC. LBP is synthesized via a facile one‐pot ring‐opening reaction. LBP possesses excellent compacting ability, degradability, biocompatibility, gene transfection performances, and HCC‐targeting ability. LBP‐mediated delivery of classical pCas9‐survivin, which can target and knockout survivin oncogene, produces efficient gene editing performances, and superb anti‐cancer activities in orthotopic HCC mouse models. This study provides an attractive and safe strategy for the rational design of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system.
Bilayer‐mediated assembly of cationic nanoparticles adsorbed to lipid bilayers: Insights from molecular simulations
Authors: Sheavly Jonathan K. , Van Lehn Reid C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding interactions between functionalized gold nanoparticles (NPs) and lipid bilayers is essential for biomedical applications. Experiments have shown that NPs that are stable in solution can assemble into clusters when adsorbed to a lipid bilayer, suggesting that bilayer‐mediated interactions facilitate assembly. In this work, we use coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations to study bilayer‐mediated interactions between NPs adsorbed to single‐ and multicomponent lipid bilayers. We perform unbiased simulations and umbrella sampling calculations using an implicit solvent force field to determine the thermodynamic contributions to assembly. We show that bilayer‐mediated interactions drive the assembly of NPs into linear aggregates on liquid‐disordered bilayers, which we attribute to a reduction in bilayer curvature. Similar bilayer‐mediated interactions induce the alignment of NP clusters with phase boundaries in phase‐separated bilayers. Together, these simulation results provide new physical insight into the balance of forces that dictate the assembly of charged NPs at multicomponent lipid bilayer interfaces.
Asymptotics for value at risk and conditional tail expectation of a portfolio loss
Authors: Su Xiaonan , Wang Xinzhi , Yang Yang 
Published: July 2020

Consider a risk model in which X1,…, Xn are n potential losses from different risky assets at the terminal time, and are n discount factors over the period. In this paper, we establish some asymptotic formulas for the value at risk and conditional tail expectation of the total discounted loss of an investment portfolio. We also demonstrate our obtained results through Monte Carlo simulations with asymptotics.
Associations between theory of mind and conduct problems in autistic and nonautistic youth
Authors: Carter Leno Virginia , Chandler Susie , White Phillipa , Yorke Isabel , Charman Tony , Jones Catherine R. G. , Happé Francesca , Baird Gillian , Pickles Andrew , Simonoff Emily 
Published: July 2020

Many autistic young people exhibit co‐occurring behavior difficulties, characterized by conduct problems and oppositional behavior. However, the causes of these co‐occurring difficulties are not well understood. Impairments in theory of mind (ToM) are often reported in autistic individuals and have been linked to conduct problems in nonautistic individuals. Whether an association between ToM ability and conduct problems exists in autistic populations, whether this association is similar between individuals who are autistic versus nonautistic, and whether these associations are specific to conduct problems (as opposed to other domains of psychopathology) remains unclear. ToM ability was assessed using the Frith–Happé Triangles task in a pooled sample of autistic (N = 128; mean age 14.78 years) and nonautistic youth (N = 50; mean age 15.48 years), along with parent‐rated psychiatric symptoms of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and emotional problems. Analyses tested ToM ability between autistic versus nonautistic participants, and compared associations between ToM performance and conduct problems between the two groups. Where no significant group differences in associations were found, the pooled association between ToM and conduct problems was estimated in the combined sample. Results showed no evidence of moderation in associations by diagnostic status, and an association between poorer ToM ability and higher levels of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and emotional problems across the total sample. However, these associations became nonsignificant when adjusting for verbal IQ. Results provide support for theoretical models of co‐occurring psychopathology in autistic populations, and suggest targets for intervention for conduct problems in autistic youth.Lay SummaryMany young people with autism spectrum disorder show co‐occurring behavior problems, but the causes of these are not well understood. This paper found an association between difficulties recognizing what others think and intend (so‐called “theory of mind”) in a simple animated task, and emotional and behavioral problems in autistic and nonautistic young people. However, a substantial part of this association was explained by individual differences in verbal ability. These findings may have implications for intervention efforts to improve young people's mental health.
Heißbemessung unter Berücksichtigung der Feuerverzinkung: Brandschutz R30 im Cruise Center Baakenhöft
Authors: Pinger Thomas , Schienbein Frank , Sothmann Jörg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAktuelle Forschungsergebnisse belegen, dass durch die Feuerverzinkung von Stahlkonstruktionen ein günstigeres Verhalten im Brandfall in Form einer verlangsamten Erwärmung der verzinkten Stahlkomponenten erzielt werden kann. Bei gleichzeitig notwendigem Korrosionsschutz und/oder mechanischer Belastbarkeit der Stahloberflächen können derart mit der Feuerverzinkung die verschiedenen Anforderungen in einem System vereinbart und wirtschaftlich ansprechende Lösungen ohne zusätzliche passive Brandschutzmaßnahmen realisiert werden. Am in der HafenCity Hamburg neu errichteten Cruise Center Baakenhöft wurden nun erstmals die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse umgesetzt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden für dieses konkrete Beispiel die zugrunde liegenden Überlegungen, die Vorgehensweise bei der Heißbemessung sowie die Ausführung vorgestellt.
Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions for an ethanol production process based on genetically modified cyanobacteria: CO2 sourcing options
Authors: Arora Pratham , Chance Ronald R. , Fishbeck Teresa , Hendrix Howard , Realff Matthew J. , Thomas Valerie M. , Yuan Yanhui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlgal biofuel production requires CO2, electricity, and process heat. Previous studies assumed CO2 sourcing from nearby coal or natural gas power plants. This may not be viable at a large scale or for the long term. The diurnal algal growth cycle imposes additional system design challenges for CO2 delivery. For ethanol produced by cyanobacteria in photobioreactors, we design onsite systems that provide heat, power and CO2 (CHP‐CO2), fueled by natural gas or biomass. Meeting the CO2 requirement produces excess electricity, which can be sold back to the grid. The scale of the CHP‐CO2 can be reduced by night‐time capture and refrigerated storage of CO2. The lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for 1 MJ ethanol are about −19 g CO2e for biomass CHP‐CO2, and +31–35 CO2e g for natural gas CHP‐CO2 options, compared with +19 g CO2e for the direct use of coal flue gas, and 91.3 g CO2e for 1 MJ of conventional gasoline. This work evaluates the energy and GHG implications of onsite CHP‐CO2 for algal ethanol production and other CO2 sourcing options. Combined heat and power (CHP) facilities, fueled by natural gas or biomass, could be co‐located with algal ethanol production, capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide to make biofuel, and thus providing an essentially stand‐alone biofuel operation, free from the constraints of co‐location with anthropogenic sources. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mortality in patients undergoing revascularization with paclitaxel eluting devices for infrainguinal peripheral artery disease: Insights from a network meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Ueyama Hiroki , Mikami Takahisa , Takagi Hisato , Numasawa Yohei , Anzai Hitoshi , Bangalore Sripal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate whether paclitaxel eluting devices increased the risk of death in patients undergoing revascularization for infrainguinal peripheral artery disease using network meta‐analyses.MethodsPUBMED and EMBASE were searched through April 2020 for randomized trials in patients with infrainguinal peripheral artery disease who underwent revascularization with or without a paclitaxel eluting device (balloon/stent). Short‐term mortality defined as death at 6–12 months, and long‐term mortality defined as death at >12 months after revascularization.ResultsOur search identified 57 eligible randomized controlled studies enrolling a total of 9,362 patients comparing seven revascularization strategies (balloon angioplasty vs. bare metal stent vs. covered stent vs. paclitaxel eluting stent vs. other drug eluting stent vs. paclitaxel‐coated balloon vs. bypass surgery). Overall, paclitaxel eluting stent and paclitaxel‐coated balloons did not increase short‐term mortality (eg, vs. balloon angioplasty: paclitaxel‐coated balloon OR [95% CI] 1.21 [0.88–1.66], p = .24; paclitaxel eluting stent OR [95%CI] 1.01 [0.63–1.63], p = .97, respectively). In addition, paclitaxel eluting stent did not show significant increase in long‐term mortality (eg, vs. balloon angioplasty: OR [95%CI] 1.06 [0.70–1.59], p = .79). However, paclitaxel‐coated balloon showed significant increase in long‐term mortality compared to balloon angioplasty and bypass (vs. balloon angioplasty: OR [95% CI] 1.48 [1.06–2.07], p = .021; vs. bypass: OR [95%CI] 1.73 [1.05–2.84], p = .031, respectively).ConclusionsIn this meta‐analysis of randomized trials, there was no significant increase in mortality with paclitaxel eluting stent, but there was increased risk of long‐term mortality in paclitaxel‐coated balloon for the treatment of infrainguinal peripheral artery disease.
Interaction between Electrolytes and Sb2O3‐Based Electrodes in Sodium Batteries: Uncovering the Detrimental Effects of Diglyme
Authors: Pfeifer Kristina , Greenstein Miryam Fayena , Aurbach Doron , Luo Xianlin , Ehrenberg Helmut , Dsoke Sonia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConversion materials are promising to improve the energy density of sodium‐ion‐batteries (NIB). Nevertheless, they suffer from the drawback of phase transitions and pronounced volume changes during cycling, which causes cell instability. When using these types of electrodes, all cell‐components have to be adjusted. In this study, a tremendous influence of the electrolyte solution on Sb2O3 conversion electrodes for NIBs is discussed. Solutions based on three solvents and solvent combinations established for NIBs, ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC), EC/DMC+5 % fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and diglyme, lead to a massively divergent electrochemical behavior of the same Sb2O3 electrode. Sb2O3 demonstrates the highest stability in solutions containing FEC, because this component forms a flexible, protecting surface film that prevent disintegration. One key finding of this work is that electrolyte solutions based on ether solvents like diglyme can remove Sb‐ions from Sb2O3 during cycling. Diglyme has the ability to coordinate and extract Sb3+ during the oxidation of Sb2O3. This leads to contaminations of all cell components and a strong capacity loss together with an irregular electrochemical signature. Due to its poor reactivity at low potentials, diglyme forms a thin or even no surface layer. Thereby, there are no protecting films on the Sb2O3 electrodes that can avoid Sb3+ ion dissolution. A critical examination of the electrolyte solutions components’ impact is essential to match them with conversion reaction anodes.
Chiral counter‐current chromatography: A survey of its instrument, mechanism, procedure, and applications
Authors: Duan Wen‐Da , Huang Xin‐Yi , Di Duo‐Long 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe chiral separation by counter‐current chromatography has made great progress in the past three decades. It has become increasingly popular in the field of chiral separation, and many applications have been introduced during the last years. This review mainly focuses on the current topics, applications, and trends in chiral separation by counter‐current chromatography. It contains the development of modern counter‐current chromatography apparatus, theory of counter‐current chromatography, overview of applications of chiral counter‐current chromatography enantioseparation, its current situation, and challenges. At last, some conclusions and perspectives also have been discussed in this review.
4‐Fluorobenzylpiperazine‐Containing Derivatives as Efficient Inhibitors of Mushroom Tyrosinase
Authors: Vittorio Serena , Ielo Laura , Mirabile Salvatore , Gitto Rosaria , Fais Antonella , Floris Sonia , Rapisarda Antonio , Germanò Maria Paola , De Luca Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTyrosinase is a type‐3 copper protein involved in the biosynthesis of melanin pigments; therefore, the inhibition of its enzymatic activity represents a promising strategy for the treatment of hyperpigmentation‐related disorders. To address this point, we previously designed a class of 4‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)piperazin‐1‐yl‐based compounds, which proved to be more active inhibitors against tyrosinase from mushroom Agaricus bisporus than the positive control kojic acid. Herein, we report the synthesis of further series of 4‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)piperazin‐1‐yl analogues bearing a (hetero)aromatic fragment as key feature to improve protein affinity. The newly synthesized compounds were assayed in vitro and proved to be potent inhibitors in the low‐micromolar range. The active 2‐thienyl and 2‐furyl derivatives were selected for further modification to allow their binding mode to be analyzed by docking studies and to give satisfactory safety profiles.
American oil palm from Brazil: Genetic diversity, population structure, and core collection
Authors: Pereira Valquíria Martins , Filho Jaire Alves Ferreira , Leão André Pereira , Vargas Luiz Henrique Galli , de Farias Marcelo Picanço , Rios Sara de Almeida , da Cunha Raimundo Nonato Vieira , Formighieri Eduardo Fernandes , Alves Alexandre Alonso , Souza Manoel Teixeira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe American oil palm [Elaeis oleifera (Knuth) Cortés] has pronounced importance in oil palm breeding programs. Here, a germplasm bank (GB) of E. oleifera plants collected in the Amazon rainforest in Brazil was submitted to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker identification, selection, and use, aiming to characterize genetic diversity and population structure and to design a core collection (CC). Five hundred and fifty‐three plants from 206 subsamples, collected at 19 localities spread throughout six geographic regions, were submitted to genotyping‐by‐sequencing analysis. A set of 1,827 high‐quality SNP markers was then selected and used to run the genetic diversity and population structure analysis. The genetic diversity found is of moderate degree, and probably only a small portion of the species diversity is represented in the collection. The possible reason for that is the collecting strategy used, which collected subsamples only around the most prominent watercourses in the region. The average degree of genetic differentiation among subsamples is very high, indicating the presence of high interpopulation differentiation. The collection showed a low level of endogamy. The low average gene flow found indicates that genetic isolation caused by drift is occurring, and there is a need to review the conservation strategy. A set of 245 SNPs distributed throughout all 16 chromosomes was used to design CC based on maximizing the strategy of diversity. The optimal adjustment of the validated parameters, maintained while taking fewest subsamples, led to the choice of a model containing 20% of the entire collection as the ideal to form the CC.
Willow Lignin Recovered from Hot‐Water Extraction for the Production of Hydrogels and Thermoplastic Blends
Authors: Nagardeolekar Aditi , Ovadias Mathew , Wang Kuo‐Ting , Bujanovic Biljana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA blend of commercial willow cultivars (Salix spp.) was subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment: hot‐water extraction in a pilot plant 65‐ft3 digester. Lignin recovered from the autohydrolyzate (willow lignin, WL) was used to produce hydrogels and thermoplastic blends. Lignin‐kaolin‐acrylamide (WL 10.7 % w/w) and lignin‐poly(ethylene)glycol diglycidyl ether (WL 66.7 % w/w) hydrogels exhibited favorable adsorption and absorption properties, respectively. Dye adsorption kinetics, swelling capacities, fragrance emanation, and compression moduli were measured for the hydrogels, along with SEM characterization. Additionally, WL was esterified by acetylation (C2, WAc) and acylation with lauroyl chloride (C12, WFAE and WFAEH). The crude and esterified lignin samples were blended (1–12 % w/w) with polylactic acid (PLA) via lab‐scale melt extrusion to produce thermoplastic blends. The physicochemical properties of the blends were evaluated. They exhibited an increase in degradation temperature and UV absorbance with potential to hinder photodegradation of PLA and may be leveraged in packaging applications.
Conventional Electrolyte and Inactive Electrode Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Determining Cumulative Impact of Oxidative Decomposition at High Voltage
Authors: Streipert Benjamin , Stolz Lukas , Homann Gerrit , Janßen Pia , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh‐voltage electrodes based on, for example, LiNi0.5Mn1.504 (LNMO) active material require oxidative stability of inactive materials up to 4.95 V vs. Li|Li+. Referring to literature, they are frequently supposed to be unstable, though conclusions are still controversial and clearly depend on the used investigation method. For example, the galvanostatic method, as a common method in battery research, points to the opposite, thus to a stability of the inactive materials, which can be derived from, for example, the high decomposition plateau at 5.56 V vs. Li|Li+ and stable performance of the LNMO charge/discharge cycling. This work aims to unravel this apparent contradiction of the galvanostatic method with the literature by a thorough investigation of possible trace oxidation reactions in cumulative manner, that is, over many charge/discharge cycles. Indeed, the cumulated irreversible specific capacity amounts to ≈10 mAh g−1 during the initial 50 charge/discharge cycles, which is determined by imitating extreme LNMO high‐voltage conditions using electrodes solely consisting of inactive materials. This can explain the ambiguities in stability interpretations of the galvanostatic method and the literature, as the respective irreversible specific capacity is obviously too low for distinct detection in conventional galvanostatic approaches and can be only detected at extreme high‐voltage conditions. In this regard, the technique of chronoamperometry is shown to be an effective and proper complementary tool for electrochemical stability research in a qualitative and quantitative manner.
Erythroblastic sarcoma presenting as a unilateral pleural effusion in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm—Case report with cytologic and histologic findings
Authors: Kebe Radulović Maja , Melkić Enver , Grčar Kuzmanov Biljana , Cimerman Damjana , Strojan Fležar Margareta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractErythroblastic sarcoma (ES) is an extremely rare extramedullary solid tumor of immature erythroid cells, with around a dozen human cases to our knowledge presented so far in the english literature, none of the cases presenting as pleural effusion. Here we describe a case of ES in a thoracic wall diagnosed by cytological examination of pleural effusion with histologic correlation in a 53‐year‐old patient with a 10‐month history of myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm with grade III reticulin myelofibrosis.
Divergent estimates of herd‐wide caribou calf survival: Ecological factors and methodological biases
Authors: Ellington E. Hance , Lewis Keith P. , Koen Erin L. , Vander Wal Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPopulation monitoring is a critical part of effective wildlife management, but methods are prone to biases that can hinder our ability to accurately track changes in populations through time. Calf survival plays an important role in ungulate population dynamics and can be monitored using telemetry and herd composition surveys. These methods, however, are susceptible to unrepresentative sampling and violations of the assumption of equal detectability, respectively. Here, we capitalized on 55 herd‐wide estimates of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) calf survival in Newfoundland, Canada, using telemetry (n = 1,175 calves) and 249 herd‐wide estimates of calf:cow ratios (C:C) using herd composition surveys to investigate these potential biases. These data included 17 herd‐wide estimates replicated from both methods concurrently (n = 448 calves and n = 17 surveys) which we used to understand which processes and sampling biases contributed to disagreement between estimates of herd‐wide calf survival. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine whether estimates of calf mortality risk were biased by the date a calf was collared. We also used linear mixed‐effects models to determine whether estimates of C:C ratios were biased by survey date and herd size. We found that calves collared later in the calving season had a higher mortality risk and that C:C tended to be higher for surveys conducted later in the autumn. When we used these relationships to modify estimates of herd‐wide calf survival derived from telemetry and herd composition surveys concurrently, we found that formerly disparate estimates of woodland caribou calf survival now overlapped (within a 95% confidence interval) in a majority of cases. Our case study highlights the potential of under‐appreciated biases to impact our understanding of population dynamics and suggests ways that managers can limit the influence of these biases in the two widely applied methods for estimating herd‐wide survival.