bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Open‐Label, Dose‐Escalation Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of IL‐22 Agonist F‐652 in Patients With Alcohol‐associated Hepatitis
Authors: Arab Juan P. , Sehrawat Tejasav S. , Simonetto Douglas A. , Verma Vikas K. , Feng Dechun , Tang Tom , Dreyer Kevin , Yan Xiaoqiang , Daley William L. , Sanyal Arun , Chalasani Naga , Radaeva Svetlana , Yang Liu , Vargas Hugo , Ibacache Mauricio , Gao Bin , Gores Gregory J. , Malhi Harmeet , Kamath Patrick S. , Shah Vijay H. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims
Interleukin‐22 has beneficial effects on inflammation and impaired hepatic regeneration that characterize alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH). F‐652 is a recombinant fusion protein of human interleukin‐22 and immunoglobulin G2 fragment crystallizable. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy signals of F‐652 in patients with moderate and severe AH.

Approach and Results
A phase‐2 dose‐escalating study was carried out. F‐652 (10 μg/kg, 30 μg/kg, or 45 μg/kg) administered on days 1 and 7 was tested in 3 patients each with moderate (Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease [MELD] scores: 11‐20) and severe AH (MELD scores: 21‐28). Safety was defined by absence of serious adverse events and efficacy was assessed by Lille score, changes in MELD score, and serum bilirubin and aminotransferases at days 28 and 42. Three independent propensity‐matched comparator patient cohorts were used. Plasma extracellular vesicles and multiplex serum cytokines were measured to assess inflammation and hepatic regeneration. Eighteen patients (9 moderate and 9 severe AH) were enrolled, 66% were male, and the mean age was 48 years. The half‐life of F‐652 following the first dose was 61‐85 hours. There were no serious adverse events leading to discontinuation. The MELD score and serum aminotransferases decreased significantly at days 28 and 42 from baseline (P < 0.05). Day‐7 Lille score was 0.45 or less in 83% patients as compared with 6%, 12%, and 56% among the comparator cohorts. Extracellular vesicle counts decreased significantly at day 28 (P < 0.013). Cytokine inflammatory markers were down‐regulated, and regeneration markers were up‐regulated at days 28 and 42.

Conclusions
F‐652 is safe in doses up to 45 μg/kg and associated with a high rate of improvement as determined by Lille and MELD scores, reductions in markers of inflammation and increases in markers of hepatic regeneration. This study supports the need for randomized placebo‐controlled trials to test the efficacy of F‐652 in AH.
Reshaping the activated sludge process: has the time come or passed?
Authors: Orhon Derin , Sözen Seval 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the amazing achievements over the years, the activated sludge (AS) process still maintains inherent drawbacks, namely gravity settling, high sludge ages, low excess sludge generation, etc., which hinder its successful operation and sometimes disrupt system performance. Substantial research on the subject has provided clear scientific evidence that time has come – or even passed – for reshaping the AS process. In the novel AS process, gravity settling will be replaced by membrane filtration, which will convert the system configuration into a membrane activated sludge (MAS) reactor; this configuration will be operated at an extremely low sludge age range of 2 to 4 days, which will maximize sludge generation and it will abandon the traditional anaerobic sludge digestion for optimizing energy recovery. It is suggested that super‐fast membrane activated sludge (SFMAS) reactor be the new face of the AS process. SFMAS reactor will be the core unit of the AS process essentially limited to organic carbon (chemical oxygen demand) removal and energy recovery. The core SFMAS unit will also enable to benefit from all the assets of the AS process, such as nutrient removal, biopolymer recovery, etc., by means of hybrid systems in different configurations, i.e. by reactors with various functions that will be attached to the core unit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Invasion of microglia/macrophages and granulocytes into the Mauthner axon myelin sheath following spinal cord injury of the adult goldfish, Carassius auratus
Authors: Koganti Lahari , Liu Jun , DeMajewski Andrea , Agostini Mark A. , Wong Tina W. , Faber Donald S. , Zottoli Steven J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRapid activation of resident glia occurs after spinal cord injury. Somewhat later, innate and adaptive immune responses occur with the invasion of peripheral immune cells into the wound site. The activation of resident and peripheral immune cells has been postulated to play harmful as well as beneficial roles in the regenerative process. Mauthner cells, large identifiable neurons located in the hindbrain of most fish and amphibians, provided the opportunity to study the morphological relationship between reactive cells and Mauthner axons (M‐axons) severed by spinal cord crush or by selective axotomy. After crossing in the hindbrain, the M‐axons of adult goldfish, Carassius auratus, extend the length of the spinal cord. Following injury, the M‐axon undergoes retrograde degeneration within its myelin sheath creating an axon‐free zone (proximal dieback zone). Reactive cells invade the wound site, enter the axon‐free dieback zone and are observed in the vicinity of the retracted M‐axon tip as early as 3 hr postinjury. Transmission electron microscopy allowed the detection of microglia/macrophages and granulocytes, some of which appear to be neutrophil‐like, at each of these locations. We believe that this is the first report of the invasion of such cells within the myelin sheath of an identifiable axon in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). We speculate that microglia/macrophages and granulocytes that are attracted within a few hours to the damaged M‐axon are part of an inflammatory response that allows phagocytosis of debris and plays a role in the regenerative process. Our results provide the baseline from which to utilize immunohistochemical and genetic approaches to elucidate the role of non‐neuronal cells in the regenerative process of a single axon in the vertebrate CNS.
VP7 and VP4 genotypes of rotaviruses cocirculating in Iran, 2015 to 2017: Comparison with cogent sequences of Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccine strains before their use for universal mass vaccination
Authors: Motamedi‐Rad Mahdieh , Farahmand Mohammad , Arashkia Arash , Jalilvand Somayeh , Shoja Zabihollah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study was conducted to analyze the genotypic diversity of circulating species A rotavirus (RVA) strains in Iran and also to investigate comparative analysis between the genotypes of VP4 and VP7 of cocirculating RVA and vaccine strains before the vaccine is introduced in the national immunization program. The G3‐lineage I was found in this study as the most common G genotype which was followed by G9‐lineage III, G1‐lineages I, II, G12‐lineage III, G2‐lineage IV, and G4‐lineage I. Also, P[8]‐lineages III, IV was found as the predominant P genotype which was followed by P[4]‐lineage V, and P[6]‐lineage I. Overally, G3P[8] was determined as the most common combination. Moreover, the analysis of the VP7 antigenic epitopes showed that several amino acid differences existed between circulating Iranian and the vaccine strains. The comparison of genotype G1 of Iranian and vaccine strains (RotaTeq and Rotarix), and genotypes G2, G3, and G4 of Iranian and RotaTeq vaccine strains revealed three to five amino acids differences on the VP7 antigenic epitopes. Furthermore, analyzing of the VP8* epitopes of Iranian P[8] strains indicated that they contained up to 11 and 14 amino acid differences with Rotarix and RotaTeq, respectively. Based on different patterns of amino acid substitutions in circulating and vaccine strains, the emergence of antibody escaping mutants and potentially the decrease of immune protection might ensue in vaccinated children. However, considering the broad cross‐protective activity of RVA vaccines, their efficacy should be monitored after the introduction in Iran.
RLS iOH: ExoMars Raman laser spectrometer optical head bread board to flight model design and performance evolutions
Authors: Ramos Gonzalo , Sanz‐Palomino Miguel , Moral Andoni G. , Pérez Carlos , Belenguer Tomás , Canchal Rosario , Prieto José A.R. , Santiago Amaia , Gordillo Cecilia , Escribano David , Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo , Rull Fernando 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRaman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) is the Pasteur Payload instrument of the ExoMars mission that will perform Raman spectroscopy for the first time in a planetary space mission. RLS main units are: SPU (SPectrometer Unit), iOH (internal Optical Head), and ICEU (Instrument Control and Excitation Unit), that includes the laser for samples excitation purposes.The iOH focuses the excitation laser into the crushed samples (located at the ALD, Analytical Laboratory Drawer, carrousel) through the excitation path, and collects the Raman emission from the sample (collection path). Its original design presented a high laser trace reaching to the SPU detector, and although a certain level was required for instrument calibration, the found level was expected to be capable of degrading the acquired spectra confounding some Raman peaks. So, the iOH optical and opto‐mechanical designs were needed to be updated from the BB (Bread Board) to the engineering and qualification model (iOH EQM), in order to fix the desired amount of laser trace, and after the fabrication and the commitment of the commercial elements, the assembly and integration verification (AIV) process was carried out. Considering the results obtained during the EQM integration verification and the first functional tests, the RLS calibration target (CT) emission analysis, additional changes were found to be required for the Flight Model, FM.In this paper, the RLS iOH designs and functional tests evolutions for the different models are summarized, focusing on the iOH AIV process and emphasizing on the iOH performance evaluation (by using CT spectra) from the re‐design activities.
Seamless ultrathin rear projection display
Authors: Kitai Adrian H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA new architecture for a thin (2‐cm depth) rear projection display is described. In order to achieve this small depth, a very high density of rear projectors is used. Three prototype displays using rear projectors on both 5‐ and 2‐cm pitch arrays are described. The displays can achieve an effective screen pixel pitch of as small as 0.5 mm, which makes this technology competitive in terms of resolution with fine pitch LED displays; however, orders of magnitude fewer LEDs are required: Each rear projector requires only one white LED and a color liquid crystal light modulator. In the three prototypes, the projector light modulators utilize 101‐cm (40 in.), 80‐cm (31.5 in.), and 60‐cm (24 in.) diagonal liquid crystal display glass. To minimize cost, no lenses are utilized for the rear projectors. An RGB LED array may augment the projector array, which provides a low resolution component of the image onto which the high resolution component is superimposed by the projector array. Edge gaps between active areas on adjacent LCD glass units are completely eliminated by the rear projection approach enabling low profile wall‐size seamless displays. Display contrast depends on rear projection screen design.
Disappearing colorectal liver metastases: Strategies for the management of patients achieving a radiographic complete response after systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Araujo Raphael L. C. , Milani Jean Michel , Armentano Daniela Pezzutti , Moreira Raphael Brandão , Pinto Gustavo S. F. , de Castro Luís Antônio , Lucchesi Fabiano R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mainstays of treatment for colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) are surgery and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic benefits of tumor shrinkage and systemic control of micrometastases are in part counterbalanced by chemotoxicity that can modify the liver parenchyma, jeopardizing the detection of CRLM. This review addresses the clinical decision‐making process in the context of radiographic and pathologic responses, the preoperative imaging workup, and the approaches to the liver for CRLM, which disappear after systemic chemotherapy.
Simultaneous separation and determination of seven chelating agents using high‐performance liquid chromatography based on statistics design
Authors: Liu Zihe , Chen Yuancai , Hu Yongyou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe describe an optimization approach to determine simultaneously occurring chelating agents (glycine, malonic acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, DL‐malic acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) in an electroplating effluent using high‐performance liquid chromatography. With chromatography signal area and overall resolution considered as responses, detection conditions were optimized via multiple functions combined with response surface methodology and Plackett–Burman design. Optimized detection conditions were as follows: 15 mmol/L ammonium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), a 94:6 v/v ratio of ammonium phosphate buffer/acetonitrile, a column temperature of 23.3°C, and a mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL/min. The experimental values conformed to the predicted values and were repeatable (relative standard deviation < 6.4%) and linear (r2 > 0.991) over concentration ranges of 1–100 µmol/L. Moreover, the quantification limit (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 10) and the detection limit (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) ranged from 0.03 to 0.15 µmol/L and from 0.01 to 0.04 µmol/L, respectively. These results indicate that high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with statistical design may be a simple and rapid method for simultaneously determining multiple chelating agents in electroplating wastewater effectively.
Habitat, Climate, and Fisher and Marten Distributions
Authors: Suffice Pauline , Cheveau Marianne , Imbeau Louis , Mazerolle Marc J. , Asselin Hugo , Drapeau Pierre 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTSince the mid‐twentieth century, fisher populations (Pekania pennanti) increased in several eastern jurisdictions of North America, particularly in the northern part of the species’ range. Changes in fisher distribution have led to increased overlap with the southern portion of the range of American marten (Martes americana), whose populations may be locally declining. This overlap occurs particularly in habitats undergoing natural and anthropogenic modification. The objective of our study was to determine the respective effects of habitat changes and climatic conditions on fisher and marten populations in Quebec, Canada, based on trapper knowledge. We analyzed annual fisher and marten harvest (number of pelts sold/100 km2) between the 1984–1985 and 2014–2015 trapping seasons using linear mixed models. Fisher harvest increased with the increased abundance of mixed forests >12 m tall, resulting from decades of forest harvesting. Fisher harvest decreased with increasing spring rains, which can affect survival when rearing young. Marten harvest decreased with increasing winter rains, which lower thermoregulation capacity and hamper movements by creating an ice crust on the snowpack, reducing access to subnivean areas. Decline in marten harvest during the 30‐year study period coincided with an increase in fisher harvest, suggesting possible interspecific competition. Results highlight that managers should strive to maintain mixedwood stands taller than 12 m to maintain high quality habitat for fishers. Our study confirms the importance of working with trappers to assess furbearing population trends in response to habitat changes and climatic conditions. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Opioid Prescribing and Use in Ambulatory Otolaryngology
Authors: Pruitt Liese C. C. , Casazza Geoffrey C. , Newberry C. Ian , Cardon Ryan , Ramirez Alexander , Krakovitz Paul R. , Meier Jeremy D. , Skarda David E. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate surgeon‐prescribing patterns and opioid use for patients undergoing common otolaryngology surgeries. We hypothesized that there was little consistency across surgeons in prescribing patterns and that surgeons prescribed significantly more opioids than consumed by patients.MethodsE‐mail–based surveys were sent to all postoperative patients across a 23‐hospital system. The survey assessed quantity of opioids consumed postoperatively, patient‐reported pain control, and methods of opioid disposal. We compared patient‐reported opioid consumption to opioids prescribed based on data in the electronic data warehouse.ResultsThere was wide variation in prescribing between providers both in the quantity and type of opioids prescribed. Patients used significantly less opioids than they were prescribed (10 vs. 30 tablets, P < 0.001) for both opioid‐exposed and opioid‐naïve patients. More than 75% of patients had excess opioids remaining.ConclusionOpioids are consistently overprescribed following ambulatory head and neck surgery. Otolaryngologists have an important role in the setting of the national opioid epidemic and should be involved in efforts to reduce excess opioids in their community.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130: 1913–1921, 2020
The impact of resident involvement on tonsillectomy outcomes and surgical time
Authors: Leader Brittany A. , Wiebracht Nathan D. , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivePosttonsillectomy hemorrhage can be life‐threatening, so we investigated whether patients are at increased risk with an inexperienced surgeon. There is scant information on how surgical experience affects outcomes in pediatric tonsillectomy. We hypothesized that supervised residents would have longer operative times but no difference in complication rates compared to attending surgeons.Study DesignRetrospective case series of children who underwent tonsillectomy from July 2014 to April 2017 at a tertiary pediatric medical center.MethodsWe assessed outcomes and operative times, based on the primary surgeon's level of training, for children (14 months to 22 years) who underwent tonsillectomy.ResultsA total of 7,606 children were included (mean age 7.0 ± 4.1 years, 51% female) with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 18.6 ± 5.48 kg/m2; 76% were white; and 13% were black. Residents assisted with tonsillectomy in 43% of cases. The readmission rate (5%–6%) was not different (P = 0.48) by level of experience. Similarly, return to the operating room for control of hemorrhage (3.3%–3.5%) did not differ by level of experience (P = 0.95). The median procedure time for adenotonsillectomy was shortest for attendings (9 minutes), followed by fellows (13 minutes), and residents (14 minutes, P < 0.0001). Among residents, time for adenotonsillectomy decreased significantly with each increasing year of training (P < 0.0001) from postgraduate year (PGY) 1 (17 minutes), to PGY2 (15 minutes), to PGY3 (14 minutes), and to PGY4 (12.5 minutes).ConclusionAttending surgeons completed tonsillectomy more quickly, and operative times decreased with increasing experience level. However, there was no difference in readmission or postoperative hemorrhage rates between residents and attending surgeons.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2481–2486, 2020
Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Glasgow Benefit Inventory in otosclerosis subjects
Authors: Redfors Ylva Dahlin , Jönsson Radoslava , Tideholm Bo , Finizia Caterina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI).MethodsA prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted. A total of 123 otosclerosis subjects were included in the study. The subjects were divided in three groups based on the following interventions: (a) stapedotomy without any prior hearing‐aid rehabilitation (n = 60); (b) hearing‐aid rehabilitation without any prior stapedotomy (n = 33); and (c) stapedotomy with prior hearing‐aid rehabilitation (n = 30). Pre‐ and post‐operative pure tone audiometry were measured. The Swedish version of the GBI was completed by the subjects 6 months after the intervention. Test‐retest reliability and internal consistency, factor analysis, construct validity, and criterion validity, was assessed.ResultsThe Swedish version of the GBI was well accepted by the subjects. It showed good psychometric properties with an overall high reliability. Factor analysis resulted in a 5‐factor solution explaining 66.6% of the variance where factors 1 and 2 represented the general health domain.ConclusionsOverall, the Swedish version of the GBI showed good psychometric properties. Based on the factor analyses, there is the possibility that the general health domain should be divided in two separate domains: general health and psychosocial health.Level of Evidence2c.
Electrochemical Manipulation of Aligned Block Copolymer Templates
Authors: Liu Sherri S. Y. , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBlock copolymers have a wide range of functions in advanced electrochemistry because of their ability to self‐assemble into ordered nanometer‐sized structures, resulting in their extensive usage as nanoporous templates that can be electrochemically manipulated. These highly ordered nanoporous templates are used as working electrodes for electrodeposition and electropolymerization to build nanoelectrode arrays and can serve as models to study the diffusion pathway of redox‐active units with regard to chemical modification of pores. The block copolymer system allows different morphologies to be utilized, but the most exploited structures are standing cylinders of the minority block that are etched to expose highly aligned porous nanoelectrode array templates. This review starts with introducing alumina and track‐etched membranes as pioneer porous templates transitioning to the production of block copolymer films as succeeding templates, with a particular focus on both poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(methylmethacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) and poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(lactide) (PS‐b‐PLA). The aim is to give fundamental insights of electrochemistry where functionality extends beyond to applications in the nanoscience field of biosensors and plastic electronics.