bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation of ABA Metabolism and ROS Generation in Sugar Starvation-Induced Senescence of Rice Flag Leaves
Authors: Asad Muhammad Asad Ullah , Wang Fubiao , Ye Yu , Guan Xianyue , Zhou Lujian , Zakari Shamsu Ado , Han Zhanyu , Cheng Fangmin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Both sucrose and abscisic acid (ABA) play pivotal role in the regulation of plant leaf senescence. However, the exact mechanism by which sugar starvation , ABA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) interact with each other during leaf senescence remains largely unknown. In this study, the genotype-dependent alteration in temporal patterns of sugar concentration during leaf senescence and its relation to ABA metabolism and ROS generation were investigated by using the premature senescence of flag leaf ( psf ) mutant and its wild type. Results: Results showed that sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence was closely associated with the endogenous ABA concentration and ROS level in senescent leaves. Sugar starvation accelerated leaf senescence, concomitantly with the marked increase in ABA concentration and malonaldehyde (MDA) accumulation in detached leaves. Conversely, exogenous sugar treatment significantly suppressed the ABA concentration ad ROS level in detached leaves, thus leaf senescence was delayed by exogenous sugar supply. Pharmacological tests revealed that ABA biosynthesis inhibitor (NDGA) delayed the sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence, while ABA catabolism inhibitor (DNCZ) accelerated leaf senescence and significantly increased the endogenous ABA content in senescent leaves. For the expression patterns of ABA synthesis and catabolism related genes induced by sugar starvation, exogenous sucrose supply, NDGA and DNCZ. sugar starvation up-regulated the OsABA8ox1 transcript, while exogenous sucrose and NDGA down-regulated the transciptional expressions of OsNCED1 , OsNCED4 and OsNCED5 and OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 e by sugar starvation and DNCZ, while the transcript of was increased. Conclusion: Together, our results demonstrated that the rise in endogenous ABA content during sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence is mostly caused by the suppression of ABA catabolism, rather than the enhancement of ABA biosynthesis, and the expression of ABA metabolic genes determines the equilibrium between ABA biosynthesis and catabolism that eventually influence cross-talk between endogenous factors. The breaking for the equilibrium between ABA biosynthesis and catabolism was strongly responsible for sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence, which was resulted from the suppression of ABA catabolism, rather than the enhancement of ABA biosynthesis .
Genome-wide association study and genomic selection for plant height, maturity, seed weight, and yield in soybean
Authors: Ravelombola Waltram , Qin Jun , Shi Ainong , Wang Fengmin , Feng Yan , Meng Yaning , Yang Chunyan , Zhang Mengchen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a legume of great interest worldwide. Enhancing genetic gain for agronomic traits via molecular approaches has been long considered as the main task for soybean breeders and geneticists. The objectives of this study were to evaluate maturity, plant height, seed weight, and yield in a diverse soybean accession panel, to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for these traits and identify SNP markers associated with the four traits, and to assess genomic selection (GS) accuracy. Results A total of 250 soybean accessions were evaluated for maturity, plant height, seed weight, and yield over three years. This panel was genotyped with a total of 10,259 high quality SNPs postulated from genotyping by sequencing (GBS). GWAS was performed using a Bayesian Information and Linkage Disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) model, and GS was evaluated using a ridge regression best linear unbiased predictor (rrBLUP) model. The results revealed that a total of 20, 31, 37, 31, and 23 SNPs were significantly associated with the average 3-year data for maturity, plant height, seed weight, and yield, respectively; some significant SNPs were mapped into previously described loci ( E2 , E4 , and Dt1 ) affecting maturity and plant height in soybean and a new locus mapped on chromosome 20 was significantly associated with plant height; Glyma.10g228900 , Glyma.19g200800 , Glyma.09g196700 , and Glyma.09g038300 were candidate genes found in the vicinity of the top or the second best SNP for maturity, plant height, seed weight, and yield, respectively; a 11.5-Mb region of chromosome 10 was associated with both seed weight and yield; and GS accuracy was trait-, year-, and population structure-dependent. Conclusions The SNP markers identified from this study for plant height, maturity, seed weight and yield can be used to improve the four agronomic traits through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and GS in soybean breeding programs. After validation, the candidate genes can be transferred to new cultivars using SNP markers through MAS. The high GS accuracy has confirmed that the four agronomic traits can be selected in molecular breeding through GS.
Counterbalancing the time-dependence effect on the Human Mitochondrial DNA Molecular Clock
Authors: Cabrera vicente M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The molecular clock is the most important genetic tool to estimate evolutionary timescales. However, the detection of a time dependency effect on the mutation rate estimates is complicating its application. It has been suggested that demographic processes could be the main cause of this confounding effect. In the present study I propose a new algorithm to estimate the coalescent age of phylogenetically related sequences, taking into account the observed time dependency effect on the molecular rate detected by others.Results Applying this method to real human mitochondrial DNA trees, with shallow and deep topologies, I have obtained significantly older molecular ages for the main events of human evolution than in previous estimates. These ages are in close agreement with the most recent archaeological and paleontological records that are in favor of an emergence of early anatomically modern humans in Africa at 315 ± 34 thousand years ago and the presence of recent modern humans out of Africa as early as 174 ± 48 thousand years ago. Furthermore, in the implementation process, we demonstrated that in a population with fluctuating sizes, the probability of fixation of a new neutral mutant depends on the effective population size which is more in accordance with the fact that, under the neutral theory of molecular evolution, the fate of a molecular mutation is mainly determined by random drift.Conclusions I suggest that the demographic history of populations has a more decisive effect than purifying selection and/or mutational saturation on the time dependence effect observed for the substitution rate.
A qualitative study exploring basis for antibiotics prescription without microbiological investigations, Dar es Salaam Tanzania
Authors: Manyaki Fidelis F. , Bwire George , Mwita Liberata , Sangeda Raphael Z. , Tungaraza Faustine , Kahere Augustino S. , Ndegeulaya Esther J. , Felician Fatuma F. , Kilonzi Manase , Mikomangwa Wigilya P. , Mlyuka Hamu J. , Marealle Alphonce I. , Mutagonda Ritah , Mloka Doreen , Mwambete Kennedy D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Prescription of antibiotics based on microbiological investigations is a commendable rational use of antibiotics and help in fighting the spread of resistance. Although shortage of microbiology laboratory is indicated to impair this practice but prescription without microbiological investigation has been reported even in settings with laboratory facilities. Methods Semi structured key informant interviews with 31 prescribing medical doctors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were conducted from January to June 2019. The purpose of the interviews was to obtain the insight into the prescriptions of antibiotics without microbiological investigations especially in hospitals with laboratory facilities. Results Majority of participants (26/31) were ready to prescribe antibiotics without microbiological investigations. In addition, a total of four major themes were identified as the basis for this practice; i) clinical condition of the patient ii) past experience with the clinical condition and/or patient iii) an intention to prevent the spread of infection and iv) patient’s history and physical examination were adequate to establish the management plan. Conclusion In recognition of the urgent need to improve antibiotic use in hospitals, this study highlights the need to implement hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Pressure dependence of Si diffusion in γ-Fe
Authors: Tsujino Noriyoshi , Mârza Andreea , Yamazaki Daisuke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe pressure dependence of Si diffusion in γ-Fe was investigated at pressures of 5–15 GPa and temperatures of 1473–1673 K using the Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus to estimate the rate of mass transportation for the chemical homogenization of the Earth's inner core and those of small terrestrial planets and large satellites. The obtained diffusion coefficients D were fitted to the equation D = D0 exp[−(E* + PV*)/(RT)], where D0 is a constant, E* is the activation energy, P is the pressure, V* is the activation volume, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. The least-squares analysis yielded D0 = 10-1.17±0.54 m2/s, E* = 336 ± 16 kJ/mol, and V* = 4.3 ± 0.2 cm3/mol. Moreover, the pressure and temperature dependences of diffusion coefficients of Si in γ-Fe can also be expressed well using homologous temperature scaling, which is expressed as D = D0exp{–g[Tm(P)]/T}, where g is a constant, Tm(P) is the melting temperature at pressure P, and D0 and g are 10-1.0±0.3 m2/s and 22.0 ± 0.7, respectively. The present study indicates that even for 1 billion years, the maximum diffusion length of Si under conditions in planetary and satellite cores is less than ∼1.2 km. Additionally, the estimated strain of plastic deformation in the Earth's inner core, caused by the Harper–Dorn creep, reaches more than 103 at a stress level of 103–104 Pa, although the inner core might be slightly deformed by other mechanisms. The chemical heterogeneity of the inner core can be reduced only via plastic deformation by the Harper–Dorn creep.
Effect of Diets with Different Lipid’s Sources On Serum and Brain Fatty Acids Profile: Experimental Model
Authors: Slobodianik Nora H. , Perris Paula D. , Mambrin María Cecilia , Fernandez Inés , Feliu María Susana 
Published: November 2019

Background:The importance of diet in health is widely accepted and recognized. Diet lipid profile is important to prevent chronic diseases and improve the quality of an individual’s life.Objective:The objective of this report is to analyze the effect of different sources of dietary lipids with standard and high concentration on growing rats.Methods:Experimental diets contained 15 or 42% kcal of fat, provided by butter (B), olive oil (O), high oleic sunflower oil (HO), and sunflower oil (S). Control diet (C) was normocaloric with 15% kcal of fat provided by soy oil. All diets were complete in the other nutrients according to AIN 1993 and were administered for 40 days.Results:Daily intake was similar in all groups. The administration of these diets provoked changes in serum fatty acid profile in response to the different sources of dietary lipids used; no changes were observed in the brain´s fatty acids.Conclusion:These results would suggest that the organism tries first to supply the brain´s fatty acid needs at the expense of its modification in serum..
The Prototype for Drone Self-Navigation Utilizing in Underground Mine
Authors: Nazemi Azadeh , Moghaddam Fatemeh , Tavakolian Niloofar , Afshar Shabnam Z. 
Published: November 2019

Aim:
This research aims to find a low cost, safe and feasible approach for localisation in
underground tunnels.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to design a system for drone self-navigation in underground
GPS-denied areas.

Methods:
The self-navigation system proposed by this research utilises triangle similarity for depth
measurement and Quick SIFT key points for marker detection, whereas distance measurement relies
on IMU data integration and marker global coordinate values.

Results:
In order to implement the designed self-navigation system, a prototype was made. This
prototype facilitates drones with capturing devices such as night version camera, measurement devices
such as IMU and processing units such as Raspberry Pi for real-time processing to collect data
from IMU and camera. The processing unit is responsible for sending commands to motor drivers
avoiding obstacles and heading off to the final point.

Conclusion:
Experimental results obtained under laboratory conditions indicated that the average
time for navigating system update was about 0.7sec.
A Reexamination of Earnings Management through Permanently Reinvested Earnings
Authors: Mathis Mollie E. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Krull (2004) finds evidence that firms manage earnings through the permanently reinvested earnings (PRE) designation using the backing-out methodology. However, Lim and Lustgarten (2002) demonstrate that studies using the backing-out methodology may be subject to Type I errors. In this study, I demonstrate that the Krull measure of pre-managed earnings is susceptible to Type I errors. I then introduce an alternative measure based on Gupta, Laux, and Lynch (2016), and I find no evidence of earnings management through PRE using the Gupta measure of pre-managed earnings in the cross-section. However, among a sample of firms with the greatest ability to manage earnings through PRE, I find evidence of upward earnings management through PRE using both the Krull and Gupta measures.
Fracture Resistance and Marginal Adaptation of Capped and Uncapped Bulk-fill Resin-based Materials
Authors: Al-Nahedh HN , Alawami Z 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY

Objectives:
This study tested the fracture resistance of capped and uncapped bulk-fill composite restorations and compared them to a conventional composite. Also, the effect of different radiant exposure was investigated.

Methods and Materials:
Flowable and high-viscosity bulk-fill composites (SureFil SDR, Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior, and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill) and a nanohybrid resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT) were used. Standardized class II cavities were prepared on extracted premolars, and different restoration protocols were used. In protocol 1 (control), restoration was applied using a layering technique; in protocol 2, restoration was applied in bulk with a capping layer; in protocol 3, restoration was applied in bulk without a capping layer; and in protocol 4, restoration was applied in bulk without a capping layer, and the light curing time was extended. After thermocycling, the restorations were examined for marginal gaps and then subjected to the fracture resistance test using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was carried out using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by one-way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results:
A statistically significant difference in the fracture resistance of the tested materials and protocols was detected. Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior achieved the highest fracture resistance values regardless of the protocol used, and its results were comparable to those of Filtek Z350. SDR and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill achieved their highest strengths when a capping layer was added. Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill showed improvement in fracture resistance with extended light curing, while SDR and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill achieved similar results with the addition of a capping layer. The uncapped bulk-fill group showed more gap-free margins than the capped group.

Conclusion:
The new high-viscosity bulk-fill composite restorations seem to have adequate fracture resistance. However, the results are material dependent, and some materials perform better with a capping layer and extended light curing.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH NO 3 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KETENTRAMAN DAN KETERTIBAN UMUM DALAM RANGKA MEMBANGUN GENERASI MUDA SADAR BUDAYA DI NAGARI KATAPING KECAMATAN BATANG ANAI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Fitri Annisa 
Published: November 2019

Dengan munculnya berbagai permasalahan yang ada, pemerintah berupaya untuk melakukan pengaturan terhadap kegiatan-kegiatan yang dinilai mengganggu aktivitas masyarakat atau ketertiban umum. Adapun Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana Implementasi Peraturan Daerah No 3 tahun 2009 tentang Ketentraman dan Ketertiban Umum Dalam Rangka Membangun Generasi Muda Sadar Budaya Di Nagari Katapiang Kecamatan Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Kendala apa saja yang ditemui dalam Implementasi Peraturan tersebut serta Upaya apa saja yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala itu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis, yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Perangkat Nagari, Bundo Kanduang, Tungku Tigo Sajarangan dan seluruh masyarakat yang ada di Kanagarian Katapiang Kecamatan Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya berdasarkan purpose sampling dengan jumlah sampel 15 orang. Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Padang Pariaman No. 3 Tahun 2009 yang mengatur tentang ketentraman dan Ketertiban Umum Nagari Katapiang dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahapan kegiatan yang berlangsung secara terus menerus, yaitu: Tahap Sosialisasi, Tahap Pelaksanaan dan Tahap Monitoring. Kendala yang ditemui dalam Implementasi Kebijakan ini adalah Kurangnya Sosialisasi, Rendahnya kesadaran dan pemahaman hukum masyarakat, Keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dalam penegakan hukum, tidak adanya sanksi dari nagari untuk memberikan efek jera, rendahnya kesadaran pemuda terhadap pelestarian dan akulturasi adat istiadat serta nilai-nilai budaya, tidak dilibatkannya anak-anak muda (Generasi Muda) dalam pengambilan keputusan. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut dengan Memfokuskan sosialisasi kepada generasi muda melalui peran serta Kerapatan Adat Nagari, Melakukan pembinaan dan pengawasan ketentraman dan ketertiban kepada masyarakat terutama anak-anak muda Nagari.Untuk itu penulis menyarankan institusi pemerintah lebih memperhatikan anak-anak muda dengan memberikan kesempatan dan ruang public untuk berpartisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan serta memberikan pemahaman kepada mereka melalui pelatihan-pelatihan untuk meningkatkan rasa memiliki dan kecintaan terhadap budaya.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Daerah dan Strategi Pembangunan Kota di Era Otonomi Daerah Pada Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Ratna Ikhwani 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat derajat kemandirian keuangan daerah dan memberikan strategi dalam pembangunan di kota pekanbaru. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu data laporan keuangan yang diperoleh dari dirjen perimbangan keuangan departemen keuangan dan data dari studi literatur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis eksploratif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dalam analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat kemandirian keuangan daerah di Pekanbaru masih rendah, karena sumber pendapatannya masih tergantung kepada pemerintah pusat. Oleh karena itu perlu diambil langkah-langkah strategis dalam menggali potensi daerah yang ada.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Komunitas
Authors: Yunita Yunita 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui desain-desain kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat serta hasil pemberdayaan melalui pengembangan wisata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriftif kualitatif. Alat yang digunakan untuk menggumpulkan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun tehnik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.
PENGARUH ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. INTI KHARISMA MANDIRI RIAU PEKANBARU
Authors: Triandani Sahwitri 
Published: November 2019

PT. Inti Kharisma Mandiri Riau Pekanbaru adalah salah satu perusahaan swasta yang bergerak di bidang percetakan dan penerbitan surat kabar dengan nama ”Harian UmumHaluan Riau”. Beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi di PT. Inti Kharisma Mandiri Riau Pekanbaru berkaitan dengan perilaku Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori-teori Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dan Perilaku Organisasi terutama yang berkaitan dengan OCB dan kinerja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan survey, jenis penelitian adalah deksriptif kuantitatif, dan sifat penelitian adalah penjelasan (explanatory). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan daftar pertanyaan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Populasi adalah seluruh karyawan bidang redaksi PT. Inti Kharisma Mandiri Riau yang berjumlah 100 orang. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan menggunakan taraf kepercayaan sebesar 90 persen dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 orang karyawan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Secara serempak variabel OCB yang terdiri dari kepatuhan (obedience), loyalitas (loyality) dan partisipasi berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, serta 2) Secara parsial loyalitas berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Inti Kharisma Mandiri Riau Pekanbaru.
Analisis Akad Mudharabah di Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Nasrah Hidayati 
Published: November 2019

This study tried to see mudharabah practices by Islamic banks, whether the implementation and practice mudharabah is in accordance with Islamic Shari'a. In this study also described the practice of gift-giving in early when customers deposit funds in Islamic banks. Practices carried out by the Islamic Bank raises a lot of criticism from people who think that Islamic banks are notdifferent from conventional banks, only the title that sharia. The study was conducted with descriptive methods, compare theory derived from the study ofliterature with the practice in the field. The study found there are many Islamic banking practices in the implementation of mudharabah, particularly in terms ofcapital ownership status and responsibility to bear the risk violate what isoutlined in the Shariah. In terms of gift-giving at the beginning, it was found thatthe gift made Islamic banks with a specific purpose, grant can not be justified inShari’a.
EFFECT OF IT GOVERNANCE, CONTINUOUS AUDITING AND IT GOALS ALIGNMENT TO COMPANY’S PERFORMANCE (Study on Plantation Companies in the Group of PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk in Riau)
Authors: Syafei Nafisah 
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of IT governance, continuous auditing, and the IT goals alignment to company’s performance. This study also examined the effect of IT governance to IT goals alignment, the effect of IT governance to continuous auditing, and the effect of IT goals alignment to continuous auditing. Research conducted on the plantation companies in the group of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk in Riau that have used the information system ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) to integrate and automate business processes. Population of this study included all managers in these plantation companies. Sampling was conducted by purposive sampling that take samples from thecertain level managers who are in the top level of main structure of the six companies in these companies plantation group. Data processing is done to 40 questionnaires returned byrespondents using PLS analysis (Partial Least Square). Results of hypothesis testing at the 0.05 significance level indicates that the IT governance, continuous auditing, and the IT goals’s alignment affect the company's performance. IT governance affects on the IT goals’s alignment and IT governance also affect on the continuous auditing, while the alignment of IT goals has no effect on continuous auditing.