bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Association Between Smoking Abstinence and Depression Severity in Those With Baseline Current, Past, and No History of Major Depressive Episode in an International Online Tobacco Cessation Study
Authors: Liu Nancy H , Wu Chaorong , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J , Muñoz Ricardo F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
We use multilevel modeling to parse out the effects of time-varying smoking abstinence and baseline depression (history and severity) on depression severity over 1 year.

Aims and Methods
Participants were 1000 smokers recruited worldwide for an online randomized controlled tobacco cessation trial. We examined whether changes in depression severity over time were associated with self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking status assessed at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up (FU) using baseline major depressive episode (MDE) history and baseline depression severity as time-invariant covariates. We present depression severity means and smoking abstinence at each FU.

Results
Regardless of concurrent abstinence status, baseline MDE history was significantly related to depression severity over time: those reporting a past MDE had worse depressive symptoms over time compared with those reporting no MDE history. Baseline depression severity interacted significantly with time-varying abstinence status: for every 1-unit increase in baseline scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale (CES-D), individuals who were smoking at FU reported CES-D scores that were 0.17 points higher than those who were abstinent. In this context, nicotine dependence, gender, age, or marital status did not affect depression severity.

Conclusions
In the context of cessation, having an MDE history plays a significant role in the trajectory of depression severity over the course of 1 year, regardless of abstinence status. Abstinence is related to lower depressive symptoms at each FU, and this effect was stronger at higher levels of baseline depression severity.

Implications
This study indicates that depressive symptoms are not exacerbated among individuals who are quitting smoking at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month FUs. Depression severity is worse with a baseline history of MDE. Further, those with high baseline depression severity who continue smoking have worse depressive symptoms throughout a 1-year period compared with their abstinent counterparts.
Health capital provision and human capital accumulation
Authors: Azarnert Leonid V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the effect of public policy intervention in the production of health capital on fertility, private investment in children’s health and education, and human capital accumulation. I have used a growth model with endogenous fertility, in which the usual parental trade-off between the quantity and quality of their children is augmented with an additional factor that affects children’s human capital, which is health. I analyse the overall society-wide effect of public policy intervention and derive a condition that determines precisely whether public provision of free health services increases or decreases the average level of human capital in the society.
A precision medicine approach to managing 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia
Authors: Wang Minjin , Zhou Yanbing , Zong Zhiyong , Liang Zongan , Cao Yu , Tang Hong , Song Bin , Huang Zixing , Kang Yan , Feng Ping , Ying Binwu , Li Weimin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In December 2019, several patients with pneumonia of an unknown cause were detected in Wuhan, China. On 7 January 2020, the causal organism was identified as a new coronavirus, later named as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Genome sequencing found the genetic sequence of 2019-nCoV homologous to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. As of 29 January 2020, the virus had been diagnosed in more than 7000 patients in China and 77 patients in other countries. It is reported that both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with 2019-nCoV can play a role in disease transmission via airborne and contact. This finding has caused a great concern about the prevention of illness spread. The clinical features of the infection are not specific and are often indistinguishable from those of other respiratory infections, making it difficult to diagnose. Given that the virus has a strong ability to spread between individuals, it is of top priority to identify potential or suspected patients as soon as possible—or the virus may cause a serious pandemic. Therefore, a precision medicine approach to managing this disease is urgently needed for detecting and controlling the spread of the virus. In this article, we present such an approach to managing 2019-nCoV-related pneumonia based on the unique traits of the virus recently revealed and on our experience with coronaviruses at West China Hospital in Chengdu, China.
Silicate-Carbonate Liquid Immiscibility: Insights from the Crevier Alkaline Intrusion (Quebec)
Authors: Groulier Pierre-Arthur , Turlin François , André-Mayer Anne-Sylvie , Ohnenstetter Daniel , Crépon Alexandre , Boulvais Philippe , Poujol Marc , Rollion-Bard Claire , Zeh Armin , Moukhsil Abdelali , Solgadi Fabien , El basbas Abdelaziz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This contribution explores the petrogenetic relationships between silicate and carbonatitic rocks in the Crevier Alkaline Intrusion (CAI, Québec, Canada). The CAI is located in the Proterozoic Grenville Province and is composed of a suite of undersaturated peralkaline rocks from ijolite to nepheline syenite and carbonatites. Petrogenetic relationships between different undersaturated alkaline igneous rocks, carbonate-bearing and carbonate-free nepheline syenite and carbonatites observed in the CAI suggest that (1) carbonate-bearing and carbonate-free silicate rocks are comagmatic with carbonatite, and that (2) both silicate and carbonatitic liquids are fractionated from an ijolitic parental magma that has undergone liquid immiscibility. One of the observed facies is characterized by spectacular ocelli of carbonate-bearing nepheline syenite in a matrix of carbonatite. The younger nepheline syenite facies can be divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of magmatic carbonates. Both groups are characterized by the presence of pyrochlore-group minerals that carry the Nb–Ta mineralization. We specifically use accessory minerals such as zircon, pyrochlore and apatite to constrain the temporal and physicochemical parameters of the immiscibility process. By coupling (1) mineral textures, (2) trace elements, (3) Ti-in-zircon thermometry, and (4) oxygen isotope compositions, we have traced the crystallization of zircon before, during and after the immiscibility process. The results allowed us to constrain the minimum temperature of this process at ∼815–865°C. In addition, two magmatic populations of pyrochlore are identified through their petrographic and geochemical characteristics within the younger nepheline syenite facies. Pyrochlore from the earlier ocelli facies of carbonate-bearing nepheline syenite follow a Nb–Ta differentiation trend, whereas pyrochlore from the younger carbonate-free nepheline syenite follow a more classical Nb–Ti trend. Following the complete immiscibility between the silicate and carbonatitic liquids, the fractionation between Nb and Ta stopped while a new generation of Nb-rich pyrochlore grew, displaying a more classical Nb–Ti fractionation trend and a higher Nb/Ta ratio in the nepheline syenite.
A Sharp Adams-Type Inequality for Weighted Sobolev Spaces
Authors: do Ó João Marcos , Macedo Abiel Costa , de Oliveira José Francisco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a classical work (Ann. Math.128, (1988) 385–398), D. R. Adams proved a sharp Trudinger–Moser inequality for higher-order derivatives. We derive a sharp Adams-type inequality and Sobolev-type inequalities associated with a class of weighted Sobolev spaces that is related to a Hardy-type inequality.
A tarsus construct of a novel branched polyethylene with good elasticity for eyelid reconstruction in vivo
Authors: Xu Peifang , Feng Xue , Zheng Honghao , Feng Zhongwei , Fu Zhisheng , Gao Changyou , Ye Juan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Branched polyethylene (B-PE) elastomer was investigated for its potential medical application as a tarsus construct. The in vitro results showed that the B-PE and processed B-PE films or scaffolds did not exhibit noticeable cytotoxicity to the NIH3T3 fibroblasts and human vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The B-PE scaffolds with a pore size of 280–480 µm were prepared by using a gelatin porogen-leaching method. The porous scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in rats exhibited mild inflammatory response, collagen deposition and fast fibrovascularization, suggesting their good biocompatibility. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed low expression of pro-inflammatory genes and up-regulated expressions of collagen deposition and vascularization-related genes, validating the results of historical evaluation in a molecular level. The B-PE scaffolds and Medpor controls were transplanted in rabbits with eyelid defects. The B-PE scaffolds exhibited a similar elastic modulus and provided desirable repair effects with mild fibrous capsulation, less eyelid deformities, and were well integrated with the fibrovascular tissue compared with the Medpor controls.
Factors That Fit the Time Series and Cross-Section of Stock Returns
Authors: Lettau Martin , Pelger Markus 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We propose a new method for estimating latent asset pricing factors that fit the time series and cross-section of expected returns. Our estimator generalizes principal component analysis (PCA) by including a penalty on the pricing error in expected returns. Our approach finds weak factors with high Sharpe ratios that PCA cannot detect. We discover five factors with economic meaning that explain well the cross-section and time series of characteristic-sorted portfolio returns. The out-of-sample maximum Sharpe ratio of our factors is twice as large as with PCA with substantially smaller pricing errors. Our factors imply that a significant amount of characteristic information is redundant.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Preparing Nurses for Palliative Care in the NICU
Authors: Ferrell Betty , Thaxton Cheryl Ann , Murphy Heather 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses require knowledge and skill to meet the unique needs of infants and families. Increasingly, principles of palliative care are being integrated into the NICU setting to improve the quality of care.

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to describe the efforts of the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC) project and its Pediatric Curriculum, which began in 2003 to provide this education, and to also describe efforts by nurses to implement the training into their practice settings.

Methods:
The ELNEC Pediatric Palliative Care (ELNEC-PPC) project is a train-the-trainer educational program and evidence-based curriculum.

Findings/Results:
Participants attend a course or receive online training and then apply the education to implement improved practices in areas such as symptom management, care at the time of death, and bereavement support for families.

Implications for Research:
Experiences with ELNEC-PPC have demonstrated that nurses can implement the curriculum to improve care.

Implications for Practice:
Continued attention to palliative care in this setting is needed, and future research is needed to evaluate the outcomes of this education and practice change.
Association of brachial-cuff excess pressure with carotid intima–media thickness in Australian adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Wake Melissa , Schultz Martin G. , Burgner David P. , Otahal Petr , Mynard Jonathan P. , Ellul Susan , Cheung Michael , Liu Richard S. , Juonala Markus , Sharman James E. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:Reservoir pressure parameters [e.g. reservoir pressure (RP) and excess pressure (XSP)] measured using tonometry predict cardiovascular events beyond conventional risk factors. However, the operator dependency of tonometry impedes widespread use. An operator-independent cuff-based device can reasonably estimate the intra-aortic RP and XSP from brachial volumetric waveforms, but whether these estimates are clinically relevant to preclinical phenotypes of cardiovascular risk has not been investigated.Methods:The RP and XSP were derived from brachial volumetric waveforms measured using cuff oscillometry (SphygmoCor XCEL) in 1691 mid-life adults from the CheckPoint study (a population-based cross-sectional study nested in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children). Carotid intima--media thickness (carotid IMT,n = 1447) and carotid--femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV,n = 1632) were measured as preclinical phenotypes of cardiovascular risk. Confounders were conventional risk factors that were correlated with both exposures and outcomes or considered as physiologically important.Results:There was a modest association between XSP and carotid IMT (β = 0.76 μm, 95% CI, 0.25–1.26 partialR2 = 0.8%) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, heart rate, smoking, diabetes, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mean arterial pressure. Neither RP nor XSP were associated with PWV in the similarly adjusted models (β = −0.47 cm/s, 95% CI, −1.15 to 0.20, partialR2 = 0.2% for RP, andβ = 0.04 cm/s, 95% CI, −0.59 to 0.67, partialR2 = 0.01% for XSP).Conclusion:Cuff-based XSP associates with carotid IMT independent of conventional risk factors, including traditional BP, but the association was weak, indicating that further investigation is warranted to understand the clinical significance of reservoir pressure parameters.
Catheter-based renal denervation as adjunct to pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ukena Christian , Becker Nicolas , Pavlicek Valerie , Millenaar Dominic , Ewen Sebastian , Linz Dominik , Steinberg Jonathan S. , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Renal denervation (RDN) can reduce sympathetic activity and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients, which both have an impact on atrial fibrillation. We performed a systematic meta-analysis on the effects of renal denervation (RDN) in addition to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods:
All published randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of RDN as adjunctive treatment to PVI for rhythm control of atrial fibrillation were included. Primary endpoint was recurrence of atrial fibrillation after 12 months on average.

Results:
A total of six randomized controlled studies including 689 patients with hypertension and symptomatic atrial fibrillation were included. In five studies, patients had uncontrolled BP despite prescription of an average of three antihypertensive agents. PVI was performed with irrigated radio-frequency catheters in 387 patients, and in 302 with cryoballoon. Cardiac ablation catheters were used for RDN in 78% of all cases. In the remaining 22%, RDN was performed using a designated, nonirrigated radio-frequency catheter system. After 12 months, the mean odds ratio for recurrence of atrial fibrillation for PVI with RDN compared with PVI alone was 0.43 (95% confidence interval 0.32–0.59). After RDN, BP was reduced significantly whereas no changes were reported in the PVI-only groups. No relevant complications associated to RDN were documented.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis supports the concept of RDN as an adjunctive treatment for atrial fibrillation. Further studies with standardized PVI and RDN procedures are needed.
Associations between various attended automated office blood pressure estimations and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: Minhang study
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Ling , Fu Chen , Wang Yajuan , An Dewei , Zhang Jin , Tang Xiaofeng , Li Yan , Zhu Dingliang 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The method of evaluating office blood pressure (OBP) varies greatly among different guidelines.

Objectives:
We performed a cohort study to compare the association of various directly transferred attended automated OBP (AOBP) estimations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities.

Methods:
Overall, 475 181 sets of OBPs from 35 622 participants aged 35 years or older were extracted from the electronic health record of the Xinzhuang town hospital in the Minhang District, Shanghai, China. Each set of OBPs contained three consecutive AOBPs that were transferred directly to the electronic health record. The mean of three OBPs, mean of the last two OBPs, and alternative average OBP were calculated.

Results:
The difference between the first and average OBPs changed along with the calendar month, and it was highest in December (5.3/2.1 mmHg) and lowest in July (3.8/2.0 mmHg). The subjects older than 80 years of age displayed the largest discrepancy in the blood pressure control rate according to the first OBP or average OBP (12.1%). During the 3.9-year follow-up, 1055 deaths occurred. The alternative average SBP was associated with both all-cause [hazard ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.11] and cardiovascular (hazard ratio: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11–1.23) mortalities. The uncontrolled alternative average OBP remained significantly associated with an increasing risk of all-cause (hazard ratio: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.40) and cardiovascular (hazard ratio: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.25–1.86) mortality, but not the average of the last two or mean of three readings.

Conclusion:
We observed an obvious discrepancy in the OBP level and OBP control rate according to different AOBP estimations. The alternative average OBP seemed to be more powerful in predicting both all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities than the average of the last two or mean of three readings.
Digital arterial pressure pulse wave analysis and cardiovascular events in the general population: the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease study
Authors: De Jong Maarten A. , Van Roon Arie M. , Bakker Jens T. , Bijen Hendrik T.J. , Mulder Douwe J. , Brouwers Frank P. , Van Gilst Wiek H. , Voors Adriaan A. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , De Borst Martin H. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Arterial stiffness influences the contour of the digital pressure pulse wave.

Method:
Here, we investigated whether the digital pulse propagation index (DPPI), based on the digital pressure pulse wave, DPPI is associated with cardiovascular events, heart failure, and mortality in a large population-based cohort. Between 2001 and 2003, DPPI was measured with a PortaPres noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring device (FinaPres Medical Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) in participants of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease study, a community-based cohort. We assessed the main determinants of the DPPI and investigated associations of DPPI with cardiovascular events and mortality.

Results:
The study included 5474 individuals. Mean age was 52.3 ± 11.8 years and 50.5% was male. Median baseline DPPI was 5.81 m/s (interquartile range 5.47–6.20). Higher age, mean arterial blood pressure, body height, heart rate, current smoking, and lower HDL cholesterol levels and waist circumference were independent determinants of the DPPI (r
2 = 0.43). After adjustment for heart rate, highlogDPPI was associated with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio: 1.67, 95% confidence interval (1.55–1.81) per SD; P < 0.001], cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio 1.95 (1.72–2.22); P < 0.001], and incident heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [hazard ratio 1.81 (1.60–2.06); P < 0.001]. These associations remained independent upon further adjustment for confounders. Optimal cutoff values for DPPI ranged between 6.1 and 6.3 m/s for all endpoints. After multivariable adjustment, DPPI was no longer associated with coronary artery disease events or cerebrovascular events.

Conclusion:
The DPPI is associated with an increased risk of development of new onset heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, but not with coronary artery events or cerebrovascular events.
Effect of Apraclonidine and Diclofenac on Early Changes in Intraocular Pressure After Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Thrane Vinita Rangroo , Thrane Alexander S. , Bergo Cecilie , Halvorsen Hildegunn , Krohn Jørgen 
Published: February 2020

Précis:
Adjuvant diclofenac and apraclonidine eye drop given in conjunction with selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) do not significantly impact medium-term intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction compared with placebo, but apraclonidine can be used to blunt immediate postlaser pressure spikes.

Purpose:
There is limited high-grade evidence guiding the choice of eye drops given before and after SLT. The authors chose to measure IOP during the first 24 hours, at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 6 months after SLT, and compare the effect of apraclonidine before SLT and diclofenac after SLT, with placebo.

Materials and Methods:
In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension referred for SLT were recruited between 2016 and 2018. Patients were randomized to receive either apraclonidine pre-SLT with placebo post-SLT, placebo pre-SLT with diclofenac post-SLT, or placebo before and after SLT.

Results:
Sixty eyes from 35 patients were treated with 360-degree SLT. Twenty-four-hour IOP measurements with patient self-monitoring after SLT demonstrated a moderate IOP spike at 1 hour and 2 hours post-SLT in the placebo and diclofenac study arms (mean=+4.05±0.58 mm Hg and +4.47±0.73, respectively, P<0.001 vs. pre-SLT IOP), which was prevented by apraclonidine (mean=−2.41±0.88 mm Hg, P<0.0001 vs. other study arms post-SLT). There were no significant differences between the 3 arms of the study on the long-term IOP reduction achieved by SLT (6 wk: P=0.51, 6 mo: P=0.42).

Conclusions:
Neither the use of apraclonidine before SLT nor diclofenac after SLT significantly influenced the IOP reduction induced by SLT. Except for a slight and transient reduction in intraocular inflammation, there was no beneficial effect of diclofenac on early IOP changes or the degree of patient discomfort relative to placebo.