bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Engineering of Pseudomonas Chlororaphis Lzh-T5 to Enhance Production of Trans-2,3-Dihydro-3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid
Authors: Li Ling , Li Zhenghua , Zhang Xuehong , Wang Wei , Huang Yujie , Wang Ruiming , Wang Tengfei , Liu Kaiquan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (DHHA) is a cyclic β-amino acid used for the synthesis of non-natural peptides and chiral materials. It is an intermediate product of phenazine production in Pseudomonas spp . Lzh-T5 is a P. chlororaphis strain isolated from tomato rhizosphere found in China. It can synthesize three antifungal phenazine compounds. Results: Disrupting the phzF gene of P. chlororaphis Lzh-T5 results in DHHA accumulation. Several strategies were used to improve production of DHHA: enhancing the shikimate pathway by overexpression, knocking out negative regulatory genes, and adding metal ions to the medium. In this study, three regulatory genes ( psrA , pykF, and rpeA ) were-disrupted in the genome of P. chlororaphis Lzh-T5, yielding 4.55 g/L of DHHA. When six key genes selected from the shikimate, pentose phosphate, and gluconeogenesis pathways were overexpressed, the yield of DHHA increased to 6.89g/L. Fe 3+ was added to the medium for DHHA fermentation. This genetically engineered strain increased the DHHA production to 10.45g/L. Conclusions: P. chlororaphis Lzh-T5 could be modified as a microbial factory to produce DHHA by inactivating phzF , disrupting negative regulatory genes, overexpressing key genes, and adding metal ions to medium for fermentation.
Pre-Incubation with Kisspeptin Improves the Adverse Effects of Freeze-Thawed Human Ejaculated Sperms
Authors: Kermani Tayebeh , Hossein Seyede Fatemeh , Talaei-Khozani Tahereh , Aliabadi Elham 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Sperm cryopreservation reduces sperm quality. Kisspeptin (KP), as an antioxidant, has beneficial effects on the sperm functions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to use kisspeptin in order to mitigate detrimental effects of the sperm freeze-thawing process and compare it with Glutathione (GSH), as positive control. Materials and methods: 30 normal semen samples, prepared by swim-up procedure, were divided into 3 aliquots: negative control with no treatment; positive control receiving 1mM GSH; and experimental aliquot treated with 10 µM KP for 30 min. All aliquots were cryopreserved, and then thawed after 48 hr. Sperm motility was assessed according to WHO guidelines. Acrosomal reaction and capacitation were evaluated by Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-Conjugated Peanut Agglutinin (FITC-PNA), Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA), and Concanavalin A (ConA); percentage of positive cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Sperm DNA quality was evaluated by Acridine Orange (AO), Aniline Blue (AB), Chromomycin A3 (CMA3), and TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling) staining methods. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and LSD.Results: Results of the study showed that, KP supplementation improved motility and led to an increase in the percentage of capacitated and acrosome-intact sperms compared to both controls. Freeze-thaw procedure damaged the DNA integrity severely, and KP pre-treatment significantly reduced frequency of apoptotic sperms as well as those with histone-protamine substitution impairment. Conclusion: Pre-exposure of the sperms to KP can protect the sperm quality including motility and DNA integrity against detrimental influence of freeze–thaw cycle. Therefore, it can be considered as a good pre-additive substance to control the sperm quality during freezing and thawing procedure.
Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Predicting Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Si Yueqiao , Fan Wenjun , Han Chao , Liu Jingyi , Sun Lixian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are strongly associated with atherogenesis of the coronary artery. This study aimed to investigate the association of the AIP, TyG index, and MLR with subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) and evaluate their ability to predict subclinical CAD.Methods: A total of 697 asymptomatic patients were enrolled in this study and assigned to the subclinical CAD group (n=332) and control group (n=365). The clinical data, coronary artery calcification score, and calculated AIP, TyG index, and MLR were collected by graduate students in the cardiology division. Multivariate logistic regression models were set up to assess the risk factors for subclinical CAD.Results: The AIP, TyG index and MLR values were higher in the subclinical CAD group than in the control group (all P<0.05). In addition to the classic independent clinical risk factors, increased AIP, TyG index and MLR values were all independent risk factors for subclinical CAD (all P<0.05). The AUCs were higher after combining clinical risk factors than the AIP, TyG index, or MLR alone (all P<0.05).Conclusions: The AIP, TyG index and MLR are independent risk factors for subclinical CAD, which can be useful for improving the diagnosis and prevention of CAD.
Improvements in the Ecological and Nutritional Aspects of Down's Syndrome
Authors: Aljerf Loai , Aljurf Mazen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: Down's syndrome patients are suffering from such gastrointestinal and metabolic complications which affect their prolongation for survival and this could be attributed to the malnutrition system. To reduce the risk factors for mortality, the paper has focused on the assessment of the socioeconomic, clinical, physical, biophysiological, and biochemical characteristics of them which can be affected by the type of nutrition system, toxicity, and ecological footprint.Methods: Patients were males with trisomy 21 diagnosed by karyotype test and assessed by clinical examinations. The clinical observations, medical interventions, and oral diseases associated with DS have been defined and oral treatment is explored. Samples collected from different biofluids. The physicochemical analyses of the biomatrix samples were performed and these properties had compared to findings of healthy males and age-matched controls. In specific, trace elements which could be originated from environmental resources were assessed in saliva, blood, urine, and hair.Results: Duraphat application was proved effective for their oral treatment and saliva was the optimum biomarker for detecting malnutrition. The patients were hypersensitive to Cu while the Mn content in blood and hair was considered an expression to the degree of epileptic condition and chronic seizure development. The ecological footprint was 5.6 gha and carbon footprint was recognised in food poverty habits. These can be reduced by eating more plant-based proteins and fibre-rich foods with low saturated fats and sodium.Conclusions: The current findings provide an up-to-date reference for expected developmental outcomes in children with DS in terms of biophysicochemistry. The genetically sensitive intervention is affected by heredity factor and sensitivity to toxics. Down's syndrome is encouraged to live green-hipster life. Besides, doctors are recommended to order the physicochemical analyses for early detection of this special intervention.WHO Clinical Trial Registry: Study ID number: DRKS00014074 Title page of the study: Down's syndrome in children males – biochemical characterisations in different media using non-randomised trial and systematic study Website of Clinical Trial Registry: http://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00014074
Psychiatry during the Covid-19 Pandemic: a survey on Mental Health Departments in Italy
Authors: Carpiniello Bernardo , Tusconi Massimo , Zanalda Enrico , Sciascio Guido Di 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background To date, very little knowledge is available with regard to the way in which mental health systems worldwide are facing the current global health emergency. The present paper reports the data emerging from a survey conducted to study the impact of the current emergency on the functioning of the Italian Departments of Mental Health (MHD).Methods Heads of MHDs received a 40-item multiple choice questionnaire relating to Community Mental Health Centres (CMHC) and related facilities, and a 30-item questionnaire focused on General Hospital Psychiatric Wards (GHPW). Statistical analysis was carried out by means of Chi Square test with Yates correction or the Fisher Exact test, as needed.Results: 71 questionnaires returned from the 134 MHDs (52.9%) and 107 of the 318 (32.6%) GHPWs. Less than 20%of CMHCs have been closed; approximately 25% have restricted access hours. The usual mode of operation in CMHCs changed substantially. Urgent psychiatric consultations are continuing as usual, in the same way as interventions for compulsory treatments, and prison consultations. All other activities have been reduced to some extent. Remote contacts with users have been set up in approx. 75% of cases. Cases of COVID positivity were reported amongst both staff members (approx. 50 % of CHMCs), and facility users (52% of CHMCs). 20% of CMHCs reported cases of increased aggressiveness or violence, among community patients, although only 8.6% regarding severe cases. Major issues in the supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) for staff members were reported. A reduced number of GHPWs (-12%), beds (approx.-30%) and of admissions was registered (87% of GHPWs). 8% of GHPWs reported an increase in compulsory admissions, and an increased rate of violence toward self or others among inpatients. Patient swabs were carried out in 50% of GHPWs. 60% of GHPWs have reported the admission of symptomatic, COVID+ psychiatric patients to General COVID-19 Units; severely ill and non-collaborative COVID+ patients are generally admitted to specific “COVID-19” GHPWs, or to purpose-adapted isolated areas of the wards. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has heralded a radical change in the mental health system of Italy, and a consequent series of challenging issues.
Chest Computed Tomography (CT) Findings and Semiquantitative Scoring of 60 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Retrospective Imaging Analysis Combining Anatomy and Pathology
Authors: Zhang Hao , Jiang Xu-jing , Liu Xiao-hua , Ma Hong , Zhang Ya-hong , Rao Yue , Li Lin , Xu Hai-yan , Lyu Fa-jin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, we ascertained the chest CT data of 60 patients admitted to 3 hospitals in Chongqing with confirmed COVID-19. We conducted anatomical and pathological analyses to elucidate the possible reasons for the distribution, morphology, and characteristics of COVID-19 in chest CT. We also shared a semiquantitative scoring of affected lung segments, which was recommended by our local medical association. This scoring system was applied to quantify the severity of the disease. The most frequent imaging findings of COVID-19 were subpleural ground glass opacities and consolidation; there was a significant difference in semiquantitative scores between the early, progressive, and severe stages of the disease. We conclude that the chest CT findings of COVID-19 showed certain characteristics because of the anatomical features of the human body and pathological changes caused by the virus. Therefore, chest CT is a valuable tool for facilitating the diagnosis of COVID-19 and semiquantitative scoring of affected lung segments may further elucidate diagnosis and assessment of disease severity. This will assist healthcare workers in diagnosing COVID-19 and assessing disease severity, facilitate the selection of appropriate treatment options, which is important for reducing the spread of the virus, saving lives, and controlling the pandemic.
Guidelines and practice recommendations on Obstetric care of pregnant patients with Covid-19 infection: Scoping review.
Authors: Jeldu Wondimu Gudu , Tolu Lemi Belay 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The Management of pregnant women with Covid-19 infection is usually based on limited evidence from care reports and expert opinions. The aim of this scoping review is to identify available guidelines and practice recommendations on obstetric care of pregnant women with COVID-19.Methods: We searched guideline databases and websites of professional associations and international organizations working on sexual and reproductive health. We looked for guidelines, protocols, consensus statements and practice recommendations on management of pregnant women with COVID-19. Additionally, we searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Data extraction was done by two independent reviewers using a customized tool that was developed to record the key information of the source that’s relevant to the review question.Results: The antenatal care for covid-19 positive mothers should be delayed until they test negative twice. Anatomic scanning may be considered in women who had the infection in the first trimester. Growth monitoring is recommended every 2-4wks. Antenatal corticosteroids can be administered in those women with preterm pregnancy (<34 wks) and mild illness. Low dose Aspirin can be continued safely. Tocolytics, particularly NSAIDs should be used cautiously. Covid-19 infection is not an indication for delivery. Termination is recommended in those with organ failure and in pts with severe respiratory failure. A single, asymptomatic or screen negative birth partner be permitted to stay with the woman. Continuous electronic fetal monitoring in labor is recommended. Cesarean delivery only in those with severe respiratory distress on ventilators & organ failure. Shortening of the second stage is considered in Covid-19 parturients who are on face masks. There are no consistent recommendations on immediate cord clamping and options of breast feeding. Universal isolation of mother from the neonate is not a standard of practice. Postpartum care can be provided with telemedicine.Conclusions: Obstetric care provision for Covid-19 infected mothers is primarily based on limited experience from case reports and expert opinions. Updated guidance for clinical practice are imperative as new scientific evidence emerges.
In silico screening of hundred phytocompounds of ten medicinal plants as potential inhibitors of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of COVID-19: An approach to prevent virus assembly
Authors: Rolta Rajan , Yadav Rohitash , Salaria Deeksha , Sourirajan Anuradha , Dev Kamal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Currently, there is no specific treatment to cure COVID-19. Many medicinal plants have antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, wound healing etc. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen for potent inhibitors of N-terminal domain (NTD) of nucleocapsid phosphoproteinof SARS-CoV-2. The structure of NTD of RNA binding domain of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of SARS coronavirus 2 was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB 6VYO)and the structures of 100 different phytocompoundswere retrieved from Pubchem. The receptor protein and ligands were prepared using Schrodinger’s Protein Preparation Wizard. Molecular docking was done by using the Schrodinger’s maestro 12.0 software. Drug likeness and toxicity of active phytocompounds was predicted by using Swiss adme, admetSAR and protox II online servers. We have identified three potential active sites (named as A, B, C) on receptor protein for efficient binding of the phytocompounds. We found that, among 100 phytocompounds, emodin, aloe-emodin, anthrarufin, alizarine, and dantron of Rheum emodi showed good binding affinity at all the three active sites of RNA binding domain of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of COVID-19.The binding energies of emodin, aloe-emodin, anthrarufin, alizarine, and dantron were -8.299 , -8.508, -8.456, -8.441, and -8.322 Kcal mol-1 respectively (site A), -7.714, -6.433, -6.354, -6.598, and -6.99 Kcal mol-1 respectively (site B), and -8.299, 8.508, 8.538, 8.841, and 8.322 Kcal mol-1 respectively (site C).All the active phytocompounds follows the drug likeness properties, non-carcinogenic, and non-toxic. Theses phytocompounds (alone or in combination) could be developed into effective therapy against COVID-19.
Novel miniature CRISPR–Cas13 systems from uncultivated microbes effective in degrading SARS-CoV-2 sequences and influenza viruses
Authors: Xu Chunlong , Zhou Yingsi , Xiao Qingquan , He Bingbing , Geng Guannan , Wang Zikang , Cao Birong , Wang Xiang , Zhou Dongming , Yuan Tanglong , Huo Xiaona , Yang Hui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Recently emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a global pandemic, with millions of infections and over 200, 000 deaths1. However, development of effective anti-coronavirus treatments has lagged behind. Competitive co-evolution between microbes and viruses has led to the diversification of microbe’s CRISPR/Cas defense systems against infectious viruses2,3. Among class-2 single effector systems, Cas13 is effective in combating RNA phages4. Previous studies have discovered novel Cas9 and Cas12 systems from metagenomic sequence of natural microbes5-7. Here we report the identification of two additional compact Cas13 families from natural microbes that are effective in degrading RNA viruses in mammalian cells. Using metagenomic terabase data sets, we searched for previously uncharacterized Cas13 genes proximal to the CRISPR array with a customized computational pipeline, and identified two most compact families (775 to 803 amino acids) of CRISPR-Cas ribonucleases, named hereafter as CRISPR/Cas type VI-E and VI-F. Out of seven Cas13 proteins, we found that Cas13e.1 was the smallest and could be engineered for efficient RNA interference and base editing in cultured mammalian cell lines. Moreover, Cas13e.1 has a high activity for degrading SARS-CoV-2 sequences and the genome of live influenza A virus (IAV). Together with a minimal pool of 10 crRNAs, Cas13e.1 could target over 99% of all known 3,137 coronavirus genomes for achieving antiviral defense. Overall, our results demonstrated there exist untapped bacterial defense systems in natural microbes that can function efficiently in mammalian cells, thus potentially useful for preventing viral infection in humans such as COVID-19.
First report of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) infecting Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia) in Florida, USA
Authors: Moore M. R. , Brito J. A. , Qiu S. , Roberts C. G. , Combee L. A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Samples of galled roots, resembling those induced by root-knot nematodes, and rhizosphere soil were collected from potted plants of Ulmus parvifolia cvs. Allee and Drake in Lake County, Florida. Nematode species were identified using both molecular analysis and morphology of perineal patterns. Meloidogyne enterolobii and M. javanica were identified from U. parvifolia cv. Allee. Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica were identified from U. parvifolia cv. Drake. This is a first report of these nematode species infecting Chinese Elm in Florida.
INFLUENCE OF REYNOLDS NUMBER IN SEABED PROXIMITY IN STUDY OF FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER
Authors: Rodrigues Leonardo Luiz Veiga , Hallak Patrícia Habib 
Published: May 2020

Flexible risers, widely used in offshore engineering, are long multilayer tubes designed to carry fluid — such as oil and natural gas — from the seabed to the sea platforms. In this work, the fluid passage was evaluated in a uniform flow around the cross-section of the tube in a two-dimensional analysis. The seasonality and variation of sea currents over time make it necessary to study different flow regimes. Therefore, a variation of Reynolds number and type of flow is applied, thus obtaining results for the laminar regime. In the flow around an obstacle is interesting the study of the vortex shedding, fluid oscillations, drag and lift force and Strouhal number. Therefore, these parameters for two Reynolds numbers in the laminar regime are obtained through modeling using computational fluid dynamics software, ANSYSR© Fluent, and then compared with the results of other models in the literature. The influence of seabed proximity, that is, the vertical position of the riser was investigated. Thus, the coefficients are obtained as a function of the distance. It could be observed that as the cylinder approaches the seabed, the values of coefficients varied significantly for both Reynolds number values studied, with some difference between them.
Statistical modelling of French drinking water pipe inventory at national level using demographic and geographical information
Authors: Renaud Eddy , Husson Alain , Vacelet Alice , Le Gat Yves , Stricker Anne-Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
At the request of the French Ministry for Ecological and Inclusive Transition (MTES) and the French Biodiversity Agency (AFB), INRAE carried out a study focusing on the creation of a national asset knowledge base for drinking water networks, operating at Water Agency (WA) scale. Our study involved the creation of a number of statistical models. These models combine data relating to network characteristics (gathered from a sample of utilities) with geographical and demographical data collected from all municipalities in France. The SISPEA database, along with GIS data from a sample covering around half of the total French drinking water network, were used to configure multi-linear pipe models by diameter, installation period and type of material. On the basis of these models, the total length of drinking water pipes in mainland France was estimated to be 875,000 km. Networks are quite young (60% of the total length was laid after 1970), small diameter pipes are the majority (70% of the pipes have a diameter less than or equal to 100 mm) and the materials used are linked on geographic areas (pipes are mainly made of PVC in the west of France while cast iron pipes predominate in the other regions).
The influences of sponge city construction on spring discharge in Jinan city of China
Authors: Sun Kangning , Hu Litang , Liu Xiaomeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In recent years, intense human activities have threatened to dry up the well-known karst springs in Jinan, China. Sponge city construction program was one of the measures aiming to improve the recharge to groundwater and also protect sources of spring discharge. An influence study of sponge city construction on groundwater is necessary while not fully evaluated. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model was developed to address this issue. Model calibration showed that the simulated groundwater level successfully reproduced the observed results. Then, 12 scenarios were established and predicted according to different precipitation conditions and the achieved degrees of sponge city construction. The results indicated that the sponge city construction was conducive to the rise of regional groundwater level after 20 years. However, the groundwater level around the spring groups would only increase by an average of 0.22 m, and the annual spring discharge would increase by approximately 9.00 million m3 after 20 years. Results revealed that the extent of spring discharge recovery was not evident in a short time frame. The proper positioning of sponge city construction was suggested to be considered further to balance the protection of springs with the issue of waterlogging.