bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the dependency of JET midplane separatrix density as a function of engineering parameters
Authors: Balbin‐Arias Julio J. , Bucalossi Jerome , Bufferand Hugo , Ciraolo Guido ,   EUROFusion JET Team
Published: April 2020

AbstractMidplane separatrix density is a crucial parameter in tokamaks since it strongly impacts divertor conditions. Scaling midplane separatrix density, ne, SEP, and pedestal density, ne, PED, as function of engineering parameters such as auxiliary heating Pinjected, toroidal magnetic field BT, and plasma poloidal current Ip are relevant to observe the effect of tuning these parameters on, for example, quality of confinement and divertor regime governed by ne, PED and ne, SEP, respectively. Thus, a dataset of JET H‐mode pulses performed with Iter like wall (ILW) has been analysed. Midplane density data are collected from an HRTS (high‐resolution Thomson scattering) diagnostic and ne, SEP is determined using the power balance method. Parallel heat flux model is chosen using transport code SOLEDGE2D (S2D) applying power balance method over a simulated ne, SEP and Te, SEP profiles to obtain separatrix positions. The parameters are averaged over time windows with order of (85–185 ms) and the magnetic configuration has been fixed to avoid divertor geometrical effect on ne, SEP determination, configuration chosen is corner–corner. A ratio between separatrix density and pedestal density at outer midplane ranges between 0.3 and 0.7 on the data set. A scaling law of ne, SEP/ne, PED is obtained as function of Pinjected, BT, and IP.
Changes in blood parameters after intramuscular testosterone ester injections – Implications for anti‐doping
Authors: Solheim Sara Amalie , Mørkeberg Jakob , Dehnes Yvette , Hullstein Ingunn , Juul Anders , Upners Emmie N. , Nordsborg Nikolai Baastrup 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTestosterone treatment stimulates the production of red blood cells and alters iron homeostasis. Thus, we investigated whether the ‘haematological module’ of the athlete biological passport (ABP) used by the World Anti‐Doping Agency can be used to indicate misuse of testosterone. Nineteen eugonadal men received intramuscular injections of either 250 mg Sustanon®, a blend of four testosterone esters, or placebo on days 0 and 21 in a randomized, placebo‐controlleddouble‐blind design. Urine samples and blood samples were collected twice pre‐treatment, at least 5 days apart, and on days 1, 3, 5, 10 and 14 post‐injections to assess steroidal and haematological biomarkers of the ABP. The steroidal profile was flagged suspicious in all Sustanon®‐treated subjects, whereas the haematological profile was flagged suspicious in six out of nine subjects. When both sensitivity and specificity were considered, reticulocyte percentage (RET%) appeared as the best marker of the haematological module for implying testosterone ester misuse. Atypical blood passport samples were used to select time points for further isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analysis of testosterone and its metabolites in simultaneously collected urine. In addition to the testosterone (T) to epitestosterone (E) ratio, the RET% and OFF‐Score could help identify suspicious samples for more targeted IRMS testing. The results demonstrate that unexpected fluctuations in RET% can indicate testosterone doping if samples are collected 3–10 days after injection. From an anti‐doping perspective, the haematological and steroidal modules of the ABP should complement each other when planning targeted follow‐up testing and substantiating likely misuse of testosterone.
The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on food choice‐related self‐control in patients with severe, enduring anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dalton Bethan , Foerde Karin , Bartholdy Savani , McClelland Jessica , Kekic Maria , Grycuk Luiza , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike , Steinglass Joanna E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) pursue low‐fat, low‐calorie diets even when in a state of emaciation. These maladaptive food choices may involve fronto‐limbic circuitry associated with cognitive control, habit, and reward. We assessed whether high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) influenced food‐related choice behavior in patients with severe, enduring (SE)‐AN.MethodThirty‐four females with SE‐AN completed a Food Choice Task before and after 20 sessions of real or sham rTMS treatment and at a 4‐month follow‐up. During the task, participants rated high‐ and low‐fat food items for healthiness and tastiness and then made a series of choices between a neutral‐rated food and high‐ and low‐fat foods. Outcomes included the proportion of high‐fat and self‐controlled choices made. A comparison group of 30 healthy women completed the task at baseline only.ResultsBaseline data were consistent with previous findings: relative to healthy controls, SE‐AN participants showed a preference for low‐fat foods and exercised self‐control on a greater proportion of trials. There was no significant effect of rTMS treatment nor time on food choices related to fat content. However, among SE‐AN participants who received real rTMS, there was a decrease in self‐controlled food choices at post‐treatment, relative to baseline. Specifically, there was an increase in the selection of tasty‐unhealthy foods.DiscussionIn SE‐AN, rTMS may promote more flexibility in relation to food choice. This may result from neuroplastic changes in the DLPFC and/or in associated brain areas.
A database for inventory of proteoform profiles: “2DE‐pattern”
Authors: Naryzhny Stanislav , Klopov Nikolay , Ronzhina Natalia , Zorina Elena , Zgoda Victor , Kleyst Olga , Belyakova Natalia , Legina Olga 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe human proteome is composed of a diverse and heterogeneous range of gene products/proteoforms/protein species. Because of the growing amount of information about proteoforms generated by different methods, we need a convenient approach to make an inventory of the data. Here, we present a database of proteoforms that is based on information obtained by separation of proteoforms using 2DE followed by shotgun ESI–LC–MS/MS. The database's principles and structure are described. The database is called “2DE‐pattern” as it contains multiple isoform‐centric patterns of proteoforms separated according to 2DE principles. The database can be freely used at http://2de-pattern.pnpi.nrcki.ru.
Empirical predictor of conditions that support ideal‐filter capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Tong Ye , Hu Liang , Krylov Sergey N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIdeal‐filter CE (IFCE) is a method for the selection of affinity binders for protein targets from oligonucleotide libraries, for example, random‐sequence oligonucleotide libraries and DNA‐encoded libraries, in a single step of partitioning. In IFCE, protein–oligonucleotide complexes and unbound oligonucleotides move in the opposite directions, facilitating very high efficiency of their partitioning. For any given protein target and oligonucleotide library, protein–oligonucleotide complexes and unbound oligonucleotides move in the opposite directions only for a limited range of EOF mobilities, which, in turn, corresponds to a limited range of pH and ionic strength values of the running buffer. Rational design of IFCE‐based partitioning requires a priori knowledge of this range of pH and ionic strength values, and here we introduce an approach to predict this range for a given type of the running buffer. The approach involves measuring EOF mobilities for a relatively wide range of pH and ionic strength (I) values and finding an empirical predictor function that related the EOF mobility with pH and ionic strength. In this work, we developed a predictor function for a running buffer (Tris‐HCl) that is commonly used in CE‐based partitioning of affinity binders for protein targets. This predictor function can be immediately used for the rational design of IFCE‐based partitioning in this running buffer, while the described approach will be used to develop predictor functions for other types of running buffer if needed.
Low‐rank solution of an optimal control problem constrained by random Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Benner Peter , Dolgov Sergey , Onwunta Akwum , Stoll Martin 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe develop a low‐rank tensor decomposition algorithm for the numerical solution of a distributed optimal control problem constrained by two‐dimensional time‐dependent Navier‐Stokes equations with a stochastic inflow. The goal of optimization is to minimize the flow vorticity. The inflow boundary condition is assumed to be an infinite‐dimensional random field, which is parametrized using a finite‐ (but high‐) dimensional Fourier expansion and discretized using the stochastic Galerkin finite element method. This leads to a prohibitively large number of degrees of freedom in the discrete solution. Moreover, the optimality conditions in a time‐dependent problem require solving a coupled saddle‐point system of nonlinear equations on all time steps at once. For the resulting discrete problem, we approximate the solution by the tensor‐train (TT) decomposition and propose a numerically efficient algorithm to solve the optimality equations directly in the TT representation. This algorithm is based on the alternating linear scheme (ALS), but in contrast to the basic ALS method, the new algorithm exploits and preserves the block structure of the optimality equations. We prove that this structure preservation renders the proposed block ALS method well posed, in the sense that each step requires the solution of a nonsingular reduced linear system, which might not be the case for the basic ALS. Finally, we present numerical experiments based on two benchmark problems of simulation of a flow around a von Kármán vortex and a backward step, each of which has uncertain inflow. The experiments demonstrate a significant complexity reduction achieved using the TT representation and the block ALS algorithm. Specifically, we observe that the high‐dimensional stochastic time‐dependent problem can be solved with the asymptotic complexity of the corresponding deterministic problem.
Reasonable Persons, Autonomous Persons, and Lady Hale: Determining a Standard for Risk Disclosure
Authors: Banja John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmong various kinds of disclosures typically required in research as well as in clinical scenarios, risk information figures prominently. A key question is, what kinds of risk information would the reasonable person want to know? I will argue, however, that the reasonable person construct is and always has been incapable of settling this very question. After parsing the nebulous if not “contentless” character of the reasonable person, I will explain how Western courts have actually adjudicated cases of “negligent nondisclosure,” that is, cases in which patient‐plaintiffs allege that their informed consent rights were violated by the failure of their health providers to inform them of reasonably foreseeable risks that subsequently materialized. To support my argument, I will scrutinize the landmark decision by the United Kingdom's Supreme Court in Montgomery v. Lanarkshire Health Board and, in particular, Justice Brenda Hale's concurrence.
Laparoscopic total biopsy for suspected gallbladder cancer: A case series
Authors: Tokumitsu Yukio , Shindo Yoshitaro , Matsui Hiroto , Matsukuma Satoshi , Nakajima Masao , Yoshida Shin , Iida Michihisa , Suzuki Nobuaki , Takeda Shigeru , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsImaging diagnosis of gallbladder cancer remains difficult to achieve preoperatively. We developed a novel approach based on laparoscopic whole‐layer cholecystectomy (LWLC) and laparoscopic gallbladder bed dissection (LGBD) for total biopsy, for ultimately determining the optimal treatment strategy for suspected gallbladder cancer detected on preoperative imaging. Here, we describe a case series of patients who underwent this procedure at our institution.MethodsWe retrospectively examined clinicopathological data of consecutive patients with suspected gallbladder carcinoma at Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine from September 2016 to July 2018 on which a laparoscopic approach was used. Preoperative imaging findings suggestive of gallbladder cancer were defined as follows: elevated lesion >10 mm in diameter, increasing tumor size over time compared with the previous imaging, sessile lesion, irregular wall thickness lesion mimicking cancer, elevated lesion with dense enhancement, or positive results on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. LWLC was performed for early‐stage or suspected malignant lesions without liver invasion, and LGBD was performed for lesions with an unclear border between the gallbladder and the liver. When postoperative pathological examination revealed the presence of gallbladder cancer invading into the subserosal layer, additional gallbladder bed resection and regional lymphadenectomy were considered. Patient characteristics, perioperative findings, pathological findings, and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent LWLC or LGBD were reviewed retrospectively, and the short‐term outcomes of the laparoscopic approach were analyzed.ResultsFifteen consecutive patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 63 years (IQR 42‐76 years); 7 patients were males. We performed LWLC in 12 cases and LBGD in 3 cases. Median (IQR) operation time was 159 (140‐193) min and median blood loss was 10 (5–30) mL. No bile leakage caused by intraoperative perforation of the gallbladder was seen. Median hospital stay was 7 (5–9) days. Only one patient developed postoperative complications (abdominal abscess). Histologically, gallbladder cancer was diagnosed in five cases (pT1a, n = 2; pT2, n = 3), and two of the pT2 patients underwent additional open surgery.ConclusionsOur laparoscopic‐based approach for suspected gallbladder cancer might represent a safe strategy and could play an important role in defining the optimal treatment strategy.
How Students’ Beliefs About Knowledge Matter in Multiple‐Source Reading Online: Implications for Classroom Instruction
Authors: Woodward Lindsay , Cho Byeong-Young 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe authors explored the ways in which students drew on their individual theories of knowledge and knowing, or personal epistemologies, to identify and learn from multiple informational sources found on the internet. Analysis of students’ think‐aloud reports (during reading) and their written questions (after reading) indicated that students’ personal epistemologies came into play as they were accessing, evaluating, and using diverse sources, which was reflected in their critical questioning in multiple ways. These results have implications for rethinking classroom literacy tasks in which students are asked to conduct online research to explore multiple pathways to understanding, questioning, and learning. The authors provide suggestions and instructional tools to support the development and use of students’ beliefs about knowledge in complex, multisource literacy task environments.
Making Space: Complicating a Canonical Text Through Critical, Multimodal Work in a Secondary Language Arts Classroom
Authors: Dallacqua Ashley K. , Sheahan Annmarie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe authors document research completed in 10th‐grade language arts classes where a canonical play was read alongside a graphic novel in the hopes of shifting student understandings of power and privilege in literature. Using teacher action research as a methodological framework for this qualitative study, a teacher and researcher engaged in long‐term fieldwork and participant observation as a means of investigating what happens when nontraditional texts are paired with canonical works in diverse secondary classrooms. Findings illustrate that by placing a work of the dominant literary study tradition in dialogue with a contemporary graphic novel, students accessed multiple perspectives that allowed for emotional, academic, and critical learning. Additionally, findings speak to the value of multimodal composing as a way to privilege student voice in conversations across various literary narratives and forms.
Optimization of PTH/PTHrP Hybrid Peptides to Derive a Long‐Acting PTH Analog (LA‐PTH)
Authors: Noda Hiroshi , Okazaki Makoto , Joyashiki Eri , Tamura Tatsuya , Kawabe Yoshiki , Khatri Ashok , Jueppner Harald , Potts John T , Gardella Thomas J , Shimizu Masaru 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTProlonged signaling at the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) correlates with the capacity of a ligand to bind to a G protein‐independent receptor conformation (R0). As long‐acting PTH (LA‐PTH) ligands hold interest as potential treatments for hypoparathyroidism (HP), we explored the structural basis in the ligand for stable R0 binding and prolonged cAMP signaling. A series of PTH/PTHrP hybrid analogs were synthesized and tested for actions in vitro and in vivo. Of the series, [Ala1,3,12,Gln10,Arg11,Trp14]‐PTH(1‐14)/PTHrP(15–36) (M‐PTH/PTHrP) bound with high affinity to R0, induced prolonged cAMP responses in UMR106 rat osteoblast‐derived cells, and induced the most prolonged increases in serum calcium (sCa) in normal rats. Daily s.c. injection of M‐PTH/PTHrP into thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats, a model of HP, normalized sCa without raising urine Ca. In contrast, oral alfacalcidol, a widely used treatment for HP, normalized sCa, but induced frank hypercalciuria. M‐PTH/PTHrP exhibited low solubility in aqueous solutions of neutral pH; however, replacement of Leu18, Phe22, and His26 with the less hydrophobic residues, Ala, Ala, and Lys, at those respective positions markedly improved solubility while maintaining bioactivity. Indeed, we recently showed that the resultant analog [Ala18,22,Lys26]‐M‐PTH/PTHrP or LA‐PTH, effectively normalizes sCa in TPTX rats and mediates prolonged actions in monkeys. These studies provide useful information for optimizing PTH and PTHrP ligand analogs for therapeutic development. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A prospective comparison of pegfilgrastim and lipegfilgrastim combined with chemotherapy in the mobilization of CD34+ cells in NHL patients
Authors: Partanen Anu , Turunen Antti , Valtola Jaakko , Vasala Kaija , Ågren Lasse , Penttilä Karri , Pyörälä Marja , Kuittinen Taru , Mäntymaa Pentti , Pelkonen Jukka , Jantunen Esa , Varmavuo Ville 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutologous stem cell transplantation (auto‐SCT) is a treatment approach in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. The options for mobilization of CD34+ cells to support high‐dose therapy are granulocyte‐colony stimulating factors (G‐CSFs) alone or after chemotherapy. Limited data exist on the efficacy of lipegfilgrastim (LIPEG) in the mobilization field.Patients and MethodsThe present prospective nonrandomized study compared LIPEG 6 mg (n = 40) with pegfilgrastim (PEG) 6 mg (n = 37) in the mobilization of blood CD34+ cells after chemotherapy in NHL patients with comparable mobilizing chemotherapy and disease status before auto‐SCT.ResultsSignificantly higher blood CD34+ cell (B‐CD34+) counts were observed in the LIPEG group at the start of the first apheresis (44 vs 23 × 106/L, P = .009), in line with a higher collection yield of the first apheresis (3.3 vs 2.1 × 106/kg, P = .086) and total yield of CD34+ cells (4.7 vs 2.9 × 106/kg, P = .004). LIPEG proved to be a more effective G‐CSF, resulting in a higher B‐CD34+ cell peak (60 vs 32 × 106/L, P = .030) and higher proportion of excellent mobilizers (33% vs 8%, P = .008). The superiority of LIPEG was confirmed in the multivarite analysis concerning the CD34+ cell yield of the first apheresis day (P = .010) and the total yield (P = .001).ConclusionThe mobilization of blood grafts with LIPEG added to chemotherapy was associated with higher CD34+ cell apheresis yields than with PEG. A randomized study is warranted to verify these findings.
Experimental and theoretical exploration on single crystal, structural, and quantum chemical parameters of (E)‐7‐(arylidene)‐1,2,6,7‐tetrahydro‐8H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐8‐one derivatives: A comparative study
Authors: Adole Vishnu A. , Jagdale Bapu S. , Pawar Thansing B. , Sawant Arun B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present research work, biologically important halogen‐substituted (E)‐7‐(arylidene)‐1,2,6,7‐tetrahydro‐8H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐8‐one derivatives are studied from a structural investigation point of view. For a detailed molecular structure description, some quantum‐chemical calculations were performed by using the density functional theory method with a basis set 6–311++G(d,p). The optimized molecular geometry, bond length, atomic charges, bond angle, and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated. The quantum and structural entities such as total energy, electron density distribution in highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, charge distribution, electronegativity, absolute hardness (η), softness, electrophilicity, chemical potential, and charge transfer in molecules (ΔNmax) have been computed using 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. Importantly, single‐crystal analysis study for (E)‐7‐(2‐chlorobenzylidene)‐1,2,6,7‐tetrahydro‐8H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐8‐one (CBIF) has been presented. The single‐crystal examination reveals CBIF has triclinic crystal lattice with nonclassical intermolecular short contact interactions. The vibrational wavenumbers are calculated and the scaled values are compared with the experimental FT‐IR spectrum. Furthermore, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and some thermodynamic functions were also explored using computational work. The theoretical geometrical parameters have been compared with the experimental results obtained from the single‐crystal examination.
A novel environment‐friendly synthetic technology of dibutyl itaconate
Authors: Yu Yue , Wang Shizhen , Yang Zhong , Wang Fang , Deng Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this work, a novel environment‐friendly synthesis technology of dibutyl itaconate (DBI) with lipase as catalyst was developed. The effects of various parameters, like the sorts and amounts of lipase, reaction temperature, solvent, molar ratio of substrates, dehydrant, reactor and the reaction time have been studied and optimized. The reuse rate of lipase has been evaluated.RESULTSThe highest conversion rate of IA was 61.8% with 97.3% purity of DBI. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: the mole ratio of itaconic acid (IA) to n‐butanol (NBA) was 1:13, the amount of Novozym 435 was 20 wt% of IA, the reaction temperature was 65 °C, the anhydrous CaCl2 was used as dehydrant, and the stirred tank reactor (STR) was used as reactor. The lipase showed reusability up to at least fourth cycle. The reaction was conducted in a solvent free system, which is an additional benefit.CONCLUSIONAn environment‐friendly synthetic technology of DBI was designed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry