bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface resistance to SSVs and SIRVs in pilin deletions of Sulfolobus islandicus
Authors: Rowland Elizabeth F. , Bautista Maria A. , Zhang Changyi , Whitaker Rachel J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCharacterizing the molecular interactions of viruses in natural microbial populations offers insights into virus–host dynamics in complex ecosystems. We identify the resistance of Sulfolobus islandicus to Sulfolobus spindle‐shaped virus (SSV9) conferred by chromosomal deletions of pilin genes, pilA1 and pilA2 that are individually able to complement resistance. Mutants with deletions of both pilA1 and pilA2 or the prepilin peptidase, PibD, show the reduction in the number of pilins observed in TEM and reduced surface adherence but still adsorb SSV9. The proteinaceous outer S‐layer proteins, SlaA and SlaB, are not required for adsorption nor infection demonstrating that the S‐layer is not the primary receptor for SSV9 surface binding. Strains lacking both pilins are resistant to a broad panel of SSVs as well as a panel of unrelated S. islandicus rod‐shaped viruses (SIRVs). Unlike SSV9, we show that pilA1 or pilA2 is required for SIRV8 adsorption. In sequenced Sulfolobus strains from around the globe, one copy of each pilA1 and pilA2 is maintained and show codon‐level diversification, demonstrating their importance in nature. By characterizing the molecular interactions at the initiation of infection between S. islandicus and two different types of viruses we hope to increase the understanding of virus–host interactions in the archaeal domain.
Jacques Maritain on the Mystic-Poet
Authors: Haynes Anthony Richard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractI examine Jacques Maritain's assertion that his godfather, the Catholic writer Léon Bloy, was both an artist and a mystic, capable of reaching the heights of mystical contemplation of God. First examining this assertion in light of Maritain's mystical theology and philosophy of creativity, I show that a conventional reading of their operative principles renders mystical experience and artistic experience essentially different in their respective modes and objects of knowledge. Drawing on Maritain's personal reflections on Bloy and recent developments in Maritain scholarship, however, I then make the case that by virtue of relatively unexplored elements in Maritain's testimony and theoretical principles, the Christian artist can also have the experience of the Christian mystic when they direct their work to the mysteries of the Christian faith. I call this convergence ‘Infused-Poetic Contemplation’.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: Review and research activities in Japan
Authors: Haga Nobuhiko , Nakashima Yasuharu , Kitoh Hiroshi , Kamizono Junji , Katagiri Takenobu , Saijo Hideto , Tsukamoto Sho , Shinoda Yusuke , Sawada Ryoko , Nakahara Yasuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic skeletal disorder manifesting progressive heterotopic ossification (HO) and congenital malformation of the great toes. Since 2007, we have conducted research on FOP. Here, we review the findings on FOP published to date, including the results of our research. Epidemiological studies in Japan have indicated that FOP has nearly the same prevalence in Japan as in the rest of the world. Basic research on its pathoetiology has progressed rapidly since the identification of the causal gene in 2006. Clinical and radiological findings have been thoroughly researched, including early radiological signs, and diagnostic criteria were established, designating FOP as an intractable disease in Japan. In patients with FOP, the progression of HO is associated with numerous disabilities, often manifesting in vicious cycles that can lead to early mortality. Through cross‐sectional and short‐term longitudinal studies, we have explored patient education, quality of life, and activities of daily living among Japanese patients. The management of FOP requires education of patients and caregivers, the use of medications to settle inflammation and flare‐ups, instructions to ensure proper oral care, and other compensatory approaches that aid in rehabilitation. An avoidance of medical intervention, which may cause HO to progress, is also important. The advent of new drugs to prevent HO could have clinical benefit.
Servant leadership, leader gender, and team gender role: Testing a female advantage in a cascading model of performance
Authors: Lemoine G. James , Blum Terry C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe integrate the theory of gender role congruity with extant research on servant leadership to propose and test a moderated process model in which we hypothesize that servant leadership's effects on outcomes are stronger when implemented by women, and when it takes place within teams high in feminine gender role composition. Specifically, we theorize that servant leadership's communal emphases on stakeholders and relationships align with female role prototypes, which should lead to female advantages for job performance through the proposed serial mediators of prosocial motivation and follower servant leadership behaviors. We test this moderated, serial‐mediation model in a temporally lagged field study with a multi‐organizational sample including 109 teams. We find evidence that the mediated process model is moderated at the first stage such that in teams higher in feminine gender role composition, servant leadership has greater direct effects on prosocial motivation, as well as indirect effects on follower servant leadership and performance. We do not find support for our hypothesis that a similar moderated effect would emerge for leader sex; instead, we find that the effect of servant leadership on follower servant leadership, and subsequently to performance, is stronger for women leaders than it is for men. The implications of these findings for the servant leadership and role congruity literatures are discussed.
Perceptions of married life among single never‐married, single ever‐married, and married adults
Authors: Gesselman Amanda N. , Franco Carol Y. , Brogdon Elizabeth M. , Gray Peter B. , Garcia Justin R. , Fisher Helen E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the increasing prevalence of single adults in the United States, perceptions of marriage as the relationship “gold standard” may be diminishing. In this study (N = 6,576), we explored perceptions of married life in three subgroups of participants: Those who have never married, ever married, and currently married. Across subgroups, most did not perceive married life more positively than single life in external/tangible domains (e.g., more friends), but did in emotional experiences and frame of mind (e.g., contentment). These findings suggest conceptualizations of marriage may be changing to be less positive or less discrepant from conceptualizations of single life. However, these findings also suggest that people continue to view marital relationships as a positive source of emotional experience and support.
Estimating ammonia emission after field application of manure by the integrated horizontal flux method: a comparison of concentration and wind speed profiles
Authors: Goedhart Paul W. , Mosquera Julio , Huijsmans Jan F. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe integrated horizontal flux method is commonly used to estimate ammonia emission from field‐applied manure. The method involves measuring the wind speed and ammonia concentration at various heights on a post in the middle of a manured plot. Wind speed and concentration profiles are subsequently fitted to these measurements. The product of the profiles represents the amount of ammonia displaced by the wind, and the calculated ammonia emission is based on integrating the product of the profiles along the height. A crucial step is the functional form of the profiles, and linear relationships employing the logarithm of the height are generally used. In this study, 160 Dutch emission experiments on grassland were re‐analysed to evaluate alternative profiles for the concentration and wind speed. It is shown that an exponential concentration model usually provides a better fit than the commonly used profile and that the measurement error for the concentration should be modelled by means of a gamma distribution. Based on the re‐analysis, this new model reduces the calculated ammonia emission by around 10%. It is further shown that adding a displacement parameter to the wind speed model only has a minor effect on the calculated emission. Finally, a simulation study reveals that misspecification of the concentration profile may lead to a relative bias of up to 27%, that the precision of the estimated emission can be improved by increasing the number of concentration measurements near the ground and that wind speed measurements at three heights could suffice.
The use of a hematology analyzer with a new generation of software as an alternative to flow cytometry for enumerating residual white blood cells in blood components
Authors: Blanco Richard Alejo , Cavagnetto Chloe , Willmott Laura , Aydogdu Elif , Akinyemi Nicola , Standring Helena , Procter Simon , Garner Stephen F. , Shirakami Atsushi , Saker Jarob , Linssen Joachim , Cardigan Rebecca 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDLeukoreduction of blood components was implemented to reduce transfusion‐associated risks. The detection level for residual white blood cells (rWBCs) required to demonstrate leukoreduction was originally considered too low for hematology analyzers. Developments enabling cell counts in body fluids have, however, renewed interest in rWBC counting. An assessment of Sysmex XN hematology analyzers with software offering automated rWBC enumeration intended for use on blood components was performed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPerformance characteristics were determined using platelet, red blood cell (RBC), and plasma samples spiked with WBCs. Subsequently, components (platelets, n = 1367; and plasma, n = 80) were tested and results compared with flow cytometry, to monitor leukoreduction efficiency to a level of less than 1 × 106/unit. Components identified by flow cytometry as having poor leukoreduction, exceeding this limit, were also tested (platelets, n = 3; and RBCs, n = 10).RESULTSLinearity studies up to 32 WBCs/μL showed good correlation between observed and expected results (R2 > 0.9996). Precision analysis gave an average limit of quantitation of 2 WBCs/μL with coefficients of variation less than 20%. Average carryover was 0.1%. Plain sample tubes were a source of aberrant results with routine components. Using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes the analyzer gave results greater than 1 × 106/unit in 2.7% of cases compared with 1.4% by flow cytometry, but overall results were within specification, with more than 90% of components having rWBC values below the limit. All incidences of poor leukoreduction, with flow cytometry results greater than 13 rWBCs/μL were correctly identified, with an excellent correlation between results (R2 = 0.9818).CONCLUSIONThe analyzer demonstrated acceptable performance characteristics for enumeration of rWBCs; consequently, additional multisite evaluations are warranted.
Characterization of a chloroquine‐induced canine model of pruritus and skin inflammation
Authors: Blubaugh Amanda , Denley Tara , Banovic Frane 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundChloroquine (CQ) is a prototypical systemic and intradermal pruritogen for histamine‐independent (nonhistaminergic) itch in mice and humans. The predictive validity of this model is poorly documented in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo determine pruritogenic and inflammatory effects of systemic and i.d. CQ injections in healthy dogs.AnimalsTen healthy purpose‐bred laboratory beagles.Methods and materialsAll dogs were randomized to receive i.d. (200 and 400 µg/site), intravenous (2 mg/kg) and subcutaneous (3 mg/kg) CQ injections. Dogs were video‐recorded for 30 min after i.d. injections and for 300 min after i.v. and s.c. injections. Buffered saline injections served as controls for each route. Global wheal scores were evaluated at 30 min post‐i.d. injection by a blinded investigator.ResultsAll dogs showed wheal and erythema at the CQ i.d. injection sites; global wheal scores of each CQ concentration were significantly increased compared to placebo (P ≤ 0.05). Blinded evaluation revealed no significant increase in generalized pruritic behaviour (pruritic seconds) after i.v. or s.c. administration of CQ. Intradermal injections induced mild localized acute pruritic behaviours at the site of injections at 200 µg (P = 0.06) and 400 µg (P = 0.27) CQ in dogs.Conclusion and clinical significanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report which shows that i.d. CQ injections may induce acute inflammation in healthy dogs. By contrast to the systemic CQ‐induced pruritus reported previously in healthy mice and dogs, no significant pruritic behaviours were observed after CQ injection, regardless of the route of administration.
Nerve growth factor in dogs: Assessment of two immunoassays and selected ocular parameters following a nicergoline challenge per os
Authors: Sebbag Lionel , Moody Leah M. , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Mochel Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImpairment of corneal nerves can result in the development of ocular surface diseases such as aqueous tear deficiency and neurotrophic keratopathy. This study investigates oral nicergoline, an α‐adrenoceptor antagonist shown to enhance endogenous secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) by the lacrimal gland, as a potential therapy for these conditions. Five female spayed Beagle dogs received a 2‐week course of oral nicergoline (10 mg twice daily). Drug safety was evaluated with ophthalmic and physical examinations, blood pressure monitoring, bloodwork, and urinalysis. The effect of nicergoline on the ocular surface was assessed with corneal esthesiometry, Schirmer tear test‐1, and tear film breakup time. Drug effect on NGF levels was assessed by collecting tears and blood at baseline and completion of therapy using a bead‐based immunoassay and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Although nicergoline was well tolerated in all dogs, it did not have a significant impact on corneal sensitivity, tear production, or tear stability. Of note, NGF was below the limit of quantification in all tear samples and was only detected in 8/20 serum samples with no significant difference between levels at baseline (189.4 ± 145.1 pg/mL) and completion of therapy (149.4 ± 79.4 pg/mL). Further validation of NGF analytical assays is warranted before nicergoline is investigated in clinical patients.
Sports, Instagram, and conflict talk in Englishes
Authors: Lee Jamie Shinhee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examines conflict talk and ‘othering discourse’ on Instagram involving the 2018 Winter Olympics hosted in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The disqualification of highly anticipated medalists in short track speed skating events elicited heated online arguments between Korean and Chinese sports fans. A content analysis of antagonistic texts featuring anti‐Korea and anti‐China posts reveals that ‘othering’ practices are predominantly performed by: (1) making reference to seemingly irrelevant details; (2) evoking stereotypical images of a race and/or a nation; and (3) utilizing overtly offensive language or transgressive language. Drawing upon linguistic strategies of encoding ‘us’ vs. ‘them’ dichotomies reported in earlier research, this study shows that explicit disparagement, disapproving representation of the other, stereotyping, and overgeneralization are readily utilized by both parties, who also occasionally engage in verbal reconciliation through lexical and syntactic mirroring.
Tawsi Melek, Religion and Innovation
Authors: Das Michael 
Published: November 2019

Sheikh Adi Ibn Musafir, who was born 1079 in Lebanon and spent most of his life in Syria, did something no one has since attempted: He invented a new God, Whom He called Tawsi Melek, “The Angel of the Highest Order” (from the Kurdish) and a new religion to go with Him.Sheikh Adi, a Sufi, and His colleagues, a ragtag fraternity of Buddhists, Christians, Hindus and Jews wrote a detailed explanation of This Angelic Being and His Pillars of Faith called the Kitab al Jilwa, “The Book We Wrote.”The people Sheikh Adi taught about Tawsi Melek, called themselves Yazidi, the descendants of Angels, or “The Defenders of the Place”. Who attacked them? Other Christians, Muslims, and Jews without restraint. Weary of war, dogma, displacement, and the shear ridiculousness of it all, Sheikh Adi led a revolution through Tawsi Melek.What did Tawsi Melek say about His religious contemporaries and reasons for their Crusades?“All the books of those who are without decency are altered by them; and they have declined from them, although they were written by their prophets and the apostles. That there are interpolations is seen in the fact that each sect endeavors to prove that the others are wrong and to destroy their books.”Sheikh Adi and the Yazidi wanted none of it. Not their company, their books, their Bloodthirsty God, their restrictive and nonsensical rituals, their appetites for war. In the Kitab al Jilwa, Tawsi Melek fosters a GDI attitude towards the incredulous and irreverent aspects of other faiths without compromising the centrality of a loving and protective deity. The idea was wildly popular. The Kitab Al Jilwa, a short text, and its counterpart, the Book of the White, were instrumental in the induction of over 20 000 000 Yazidi from India, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Eastern Europe. There are less than one million Yazidi left in the world today.Because of their clout, the Yazidi were hunted nearly to extinction by the Ottomans, other Muslims, and their numbers were culled further by the DAESH. It didn’t help that rumors confused Tawsi Melek’s identity with a fallen angel, and that Hadith states that any abandonment of orthodox Islam is punishable by death Calabrese & Sexton et. al (2008.).What is the truth of Tawsi Melek and why did His Appearance in the Spiritual Canon cause humanity to go mad? Are human beings allowed to make new gods and enter into new arrangements with the divine or not? Who is empowered by God to police these things and should their authority be recognized?What of Yazidism itself? Can humanity grow from re-exposure to the beliefs, scriptures, and Archangel contained in the Book They Wrote?
Effect of Micro-Textured Tool Parameters on Forces, Stresses, Wear Rate, and Variable Friction in Titanium Alloy Machining
Authors: Patel Kaushalandra , Liu Guoliang , Shah Suril R. , Özel Tuğrul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Micro-textures applied to cutting tool surfaces provide certain advantages such as reducing tool forces, stresses, and temperature hence overall friction between the tool–chip contact and improving chip adherence and associated tool wear. This study explores the effect of micro-texture geometry parameters fabricated on the rake face of tungsten carbide inserts that were tested in dry turning titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The effects of micro-texture geometry on the cutting forces, tool stresses, tool temperatures, tool wear rate, and variable friction coefficient were studied with 3D finite element (FE) simulations. The simulation model was validated comparing cutting forces predicted and measured. The results indicated some effects of micro-textured tool geometry parameters being significant and others are not as significant. The experiments reveal that the effects of micro-groove width, depth, and distance from cutting edge are found to be significant on cutting forces, but the spacing is not as much. The effect of increasing feed rate on cutting force and tool wear was significant and suppressed the advantages offered by micro-grooved texture tool geometry. The simulation results indicate that the effect of micro-texture parameters such as groove depth and distance from cutting edge is significant on tool temperature and wear rate. The variable nature of friction coefficient was emphasized and represented as functions of state variables such as normal stress and local temperature as well as micro-texture parameters.
Watercourse Crossing Program: 10 Years Performance
Authors: Ferris Gerald , Newton Sarah , Ho Minh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Plains Midstream Canada (PMC) completes a watercourse crossing program as part of its overall integrity management program. The approximately 9,900 kilometers of operating and discontinued pipelines are evaluated within the watercourse crossing program. The pipelines are located throughout the Canadian Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. The terrain traversed ranges from relatively steep near the Rocky Mountains to extremely flat in northern Alberta and Southern Ontario. Since 2008, PMC’s systematic watercourse crossing program has evolved and now consists of approximately 5,000 individual watercourse crossings. The bankfull width of the watercourses ranges from less than 1 m for intermittent streams to more than 700 m at major rivers.
The watercourse crossing program is subjected to a continuous improvement process, with a focus on key learnings from pipeline failures, free spans and exposure. This paper describes the results from the program over the last 10 years and highlights program improvements. In addition, data from a failure and three free spans on the pipelines now owned by PMC, but where the exposure, free span or failure occurred prior to PMC purchasing the pipelines were added to expand the available data for the key learnings.
Utilisation of Sheet Piles in the OCENSA’s Right of Way for Slope Stabilisation and Bioengineering Works
Authors: García Hugo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
On the maintenance carried out by OCENSA for slope stabilization in areas with geotechnical issues, protection of lateral streams’ banks, maintenance of the Right of Way (RoW) embankment or access roads, sheet piles have been successfully used. The paper describes the different alternatives and their uses. Among them are: terraces to facilitate drainage and plant recovery, PVC sheet piles for protection of stream banks, sheet piles made of carbon steel pipe and steel deck in which the piles can be driven by percussion or previously excavated with drilling machine.
Natech Risk Management on Pipelines of Cenit
Authors: Aristizabal Ceballos Jaime , Chaves Agudelo Julian Fernando , Motta Tierradentro Carlos Eduardo , Montoya Rodríguez Maria Isabel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the Colombian government has strengthened its legislation moving towards a disaster risk management system (Law 1523 in 2012) and has established guidelines on the role of public and private entities (decree 2157 in 2017) when defining the structure of disaster risk management plans. This paper presents the advancements on Natech risk management implementation in Cenit (major Colombian pipeline operator of hydrocarbons transport), to identify areas of potential disaster based on the application of its geohazards assessment model that considers prevention specific elements and consequence analysis.