bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La fonction de dépendance empirique et ses propriétés. Un test non paramétrique d'indépendance
Authors: Deheuvels Paul 
Published: June 2020

Nous développons dans cette note la théorie de l'estimation non paramétrique de la fonction de dépendance d'une variable aléatorie. Nous obtenons l'exhaustivité et l'ordre de convergence uniforme presque sûr des estimateurs, leur distribution asymptotique et exacte.
Nous appliquons les résultats obtenus afin d'établir un test d'indépendance non paramétrique du type Olmstead-Turey, pour lequel nous obtenons la distribution asymptotique et des propriétés d'optimalité.
Star cluster evolution by fluid-dynamical methods
Authors: Talpaert Yves 
Published: June 2020

A review of the up to date knowledge about the clusters evolution by the fluid-dynamical approach is given. Besides the simplified and usually employed Larson's technique another general hydrodynamical method exists to obtain the evolution of populated stellar systems in full generality.
The most important points of this method based on the spectral equation are developed here in the spherical case. The partial derivatives system obtained in this way is closed by introducing a " tension exchange coefficient " expressing the manner in which a fifth order tensions flux is related to the variation rate of fourth order tensions.
Several results about single mass clusters evolution are given. The most recent studies of the cluster evolution with Larson's technique elaborated principally by Angeletti and Giannone are recalled. We propose that the approach of these authors could be adapted to our method. We suspect a quantitative change in the behaviour of the cluster evolutionary models relative to the results obtained with Larson's fluid-dynamical approach.
Comportement des embryons isolés de Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz, de S. aucuparia L. et de S. torminalis (L.) Crantz en fonction de leurs positions sur le milieu de culture et des prétraitements appliqués aux graines
Authors: Devillez Freddy , Fraipont J. , Tissot M. 
Published: June 2020

"Effects of seeds pretreatments on the embryo behaviours of Sorbus aria, S. aucuparia and S. torminalis, sowed in different positions"
This study is devoted to the comparaison of the reactions of S. aria, S. aucuparia and S. torminalis embryos extracted from afterripened or non afterripened seeds and cultivated in four different positions. The results show that the embryo dormancy of these species may be broken both by warm and cold stratifications. Dry storage has a small positive effect. They also corroborate that dormancy breakdown of Sorbus embryos proceeds from intricated processes involving intake and circulation of water, hormonal substances and trophic relations. But the relative part of each process varies from one species to an other. The latters being more important with the most dormant embryo (S. aucuparia) which is therefore the one most similar to the apple embryo. On the other hand, with its embryo presenting only weak dormancy, S. aria is the most dissimilar. S. torminalis takes its place between these two extremes.
Contribution à l'étude de R. Eötvös sur la rotation d'un fléau de balance lesté à la surface de la Terre
Authors: Dehousse M. E. 
Published: June 2020

L'évolution des techniques exige de tenir compte de l'influence du mouvement diurne dans les problèmes de gyrodynamique, qui ressortissent à la mécanique non linéaire du solide. Dans notre étude nous appliquons la théorie des petites perturbations pour résoudre le problème de la rotation d'un solide à deux plans de symétrie orthogonaux, pouvant osciller autour d'un axe horizontal en rotation uniforme autour d'un axe vertical.
R. Eötvös puis Korda à Zurich, plus tard. P. Selényi à Budapest, ont plus précisément examiné ainsi le comportement d'une balance en rotation.
Notre développement théorique et nos réalisations expérimentales nous incitent à faire en outre quelques réflexions sur la stabilité des gyroscopes inertiels.
Relationship between multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy and cancer
Authors: Duchesne Jules 
Published: June 2020

Here, we approach the problem of multiple sclerosis and muscular dystrophy. It is already known that there is a biochemical contradiction between multiple sclerosis and malignant tumours which confirms the idea that the former disease depends on a peroxidizing effect.
The case of muscular dystrophy is then analysed and it is deduced from this that both pathological states undeniably result from mechanisms at least partially similar.
Sur une famille d'automorphismes différentiels de l'algèbre des polynômes
Authors: Sonnenschein Jacob 
Published: June 2020

Dans cette note-esquisse nous introduisons une famille d'opérateurs différentiels contenant la dérivée et les opérateurs aux différences comme cas particuliers.
A chacun de ces opérateurs nous faisons correspondre une suite de polynômes qui sont translatés par cet opérateur. Cette suite nous permet de définir un automorphisme différentiel de l'algèbre des polynômes.
Free convection flow of water at 4° C past an infinite porous plate with constant suction and free stream velocity
Authors: Raptis A. A. , Perdikis C. P. 
Published: June 2020

An analysis of the two-dimensional flow of water at 4° C past an infinite porous plate is presented under the following conditions : (i) The suction velocity normal to the plate is constant, (ii) the free stream velocity is constant, (iii) the plate temperature is constant, (iv) the difference between the tempera¬ ture of the plate and the free stream is such that to have free convection currents.
Approximate solutions for the coupled non linear equations are obtained for the velocity and temperature field and for the rate of heat transfer. The effects of G (Grashof number) on the velocity and the rate of heat transfer are discussed.
L'alimentation minérale optimale pour la croissance, la production, la teneur en huile et en protéine brute du tournesol
Authors: Luyindula Nuanisa 
Published: June 2020

Les proportions optimales de l'alimentation totale (sol + fertilisants) sont établies, par la méthode des variantes systématiques pour le poids sec, la production en graines, en huile ou en protéine.
L'optimum de la production en graines semble être le meilleur à utiliser en proportions équivalentaires :
.25N — .19S — .10P -.15K — ,23Ca — ,08Mg
Une faible proportion en phosphore dans le milieu favorise la précocité de floraison.
La production en graine peut être appréciée par le diamètre au collet de la plante ou par le diamètre du capitule.
Le système périodique des éléments et l'évolution des êtres vivants
Authors: Duchesne Jules 
Published: June 2020

Here are confronted two concepts which were radically separated until now. On the basis of the new mechanism proposed to explain the evolution of living beings, it is proved that there is a strong link between this and the well-known periodic system of chemical elements.
This original synthesis is most important because it constitutes a strong argument in favour of the validity of the mechanism involved and at the same time demonstrates the determinism which is at the basis of evolution as well as the simplicity of the laws of the Universe. All this is therefore radically opposed to the role played by chance as held by the neo-darwinists.
L'influence de la dose alimentaire sur la croissance, la production, les teneurs en huile et en protéine brute du tournesol
Authors: Luyindula Nuanisa 
Published: June 2020

La fonction Homès-Van Schoor (y = kCpe~mC) convient parfaitement pour exprimer la production du tournesol en fonction de la dose alimentaire. L'optimum de dose se situe entre 700 et 1000 meg par plante en alimentation totale.
L'accroissement de la dose alimentaire réduit nettement la teneur en huile des graines tandis qu'il augmente la teneur en protéine brute des tourteaux. Une fonction du type y = kCe -mC semble plus appropriée que la régression linéaire si l'on désire extrapoler. La teneur maximale en huile et en protéine brute est obtenue respectivement avec la dose de 430 meg et de 1700 meg par plante.
L'évolution prébiotique à l'échelle universelle (Ire partie)
Authors: Duchesne Jules 
Published: June 2020

This paper shows that there is, in the universe, an extraordi¬ nary coherence at the physico-chemical level. This is quite in contradiction with the concept, too widely spread since Darwin, according to which life would be the result of blind chance. Interstellar space, in fact, is the essential basis of prebiotic evolution, because it is characterized by the fundamental property of containing reducing molecules only.
Experiments carried out prove indeed that the presence of these molecules is the essential condition for the basic constituents of biomolecules to be formed. This evolution takes place under the influence of electric discharges, ionizing radiations or elementary particles. The reality of this phenomenon is rigorously demonstrated by the presence of most of the constituents of the biomolecules in carbonaceous meteorites of extraterrestrial origin.
Because of the fact that the interstellar space is at the origin of all planets in the universe one can conclude that prebiotic evolution is a cosmic phenomenon and is not therefore restricted to the Earth, in contrast to what is generally thought. Finally the radioresistance of biomolecules is considerably enhanced by their electronic structure in which metal atoms play an important role.
The caibonyl stretching mode of vibration in Ketones and the mechanism of the development of anharmonicity. Theoretical and practical extensions and applications
Authors: Taboury F. J. 
Published: June 2020

Molecular vibrations of diatomic and triatomic molecules are always anharmonic. Their characteristic parameters are well known.
It is now possible to get easily such experimental informations for polyatomic molecules in peculiar cases. We have recently shown that this is possible in the case of the stretching mode of a diatomic and polar functionnal group, the carbonyl (CO) for instance.
So it is now possible to try a theoretical analysis of the structural origin of anharmonicity founded on an electronic quantized rotation.
A severe experimental control is described.
Many theoretical and practical applications and extensions are derived from this analysis and ascertained with the data available in the littérature.
Les niches écologiques des Carabides en milieu forestier. II. Composante trophique et organisation générale des niches.
Authors: Loreau Michel 
Published: June 2020

This paper continues the overall study of the niches of forest carabid beetles, by investigating the trophic component of the niche. Forest carabids are mainly predators on primary consumers, especially litter saprophages. Although opportunist, they strongly differ in their specialization patterns, so that food niches of large-, medium-and small-sized species are well distinct.
The niche differentiation along the food axis is to some extent complementary to that along the time axis, and so the four niche components together result in a remarkable final differentiation in forest, and even in a complementarity among the dominant species in the beechwood. A carabid community appears to be an organized set, structured around the central niche of the dominant species.
Niche organization grows from a successional stage towards the climax stage. The grassland in process of afforestation harbours an heterogeneous, poorly organized community, where species are likely competing. In the beech-wood, on the contrary, the carabid community is distinguished by its homogeneity, and its stable niche organization.
Carabid beetles, especially the large species, seem to play an important role in regulating populations of primary consumers active at the ground surface. Thus, the stability of their communities may also help to stabilize sapro-and phytophage communities at the level of the litter layer in forests.
Long term effects of the external pH on physiological properties of Chara corallina cells.
Authors: Homble Fabrice 
Published: June 2020

The effect of long term treatment in buffered solutions of various pH on the electrophysiological properties of Chara corallina cells is investigated.
The time needed to reach a steady membrane rest potential increases with the pH of the external solution. It lasts 48 hours at alkaline pH. At steady state, both membrane rest potential and conductance pH dependence are quantitatively lesser than those of cells treated in unbuffered solutions. Transition from light to dark induces a reversible transient membrane rest potential change. However, the steady state value of both membrane rest potential and conductance does not significantly differ whether the light is on or off. The vacuolar osmotic potential increases as the external pH is alkalinized. Potassium, sodium and chloride concentration rises with the pH whereas the calcium concentration tends to decrease in the same conditions. Both magnesium concentration and vacuolar pH are independent of the external pH.
Méthodes cryptographiques en informatique
Authors: Roggeman Yves 
Published: June 2020

Cryptography is the art and science of making communications unintelligible to all except the intended receiver. Until recently, the use of cryptographic methods to secure communications has been the sole province of governments, but now, standard cipher systems have been developed in order to protect private data in computer and communication systems from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
The study of modern cryptography embraces a number of scientific fields, notably computer science, electronics, logic, number theory, algebra and statistics. Our aim in this paper is to provide a broad introduction to the subject and to present some research topics and some of the most popular methods used today.
Wave Popagation in periodic structures II : Variational principles and uncertainty
Authors: Vichnevetsky Robert 
Published: June 2020

Cette deuxième communication apporte deux résultats supplémentaires :
— la description de la dynamique de l'action des ondes dans des structures périodiques répond aux principes variationnels de la mécanique (formulation Hamiltonienne)
— l'examen de la question de l'incertitude : les paquets d'ondes sont, dans la dualité onde/masse, l'approximation la meilleure de la masse ponctuelle. Mais les paquets d'ondes occupent une région d'étendue finie aussi bien en position qu'en quantité de mouvement. L'incertitude qui en est la conséquence est en rapport avec la grandeur de la période de la structure. Elle disparaît lorsque la période tend vers zéro, c'est-à-dire lorsque le milieu devient un continuum (qui est non dispersif ; la dispersion comme l'incertitude sont la conséquence de la discrétisation de l'espace).
Mission et responsabilités de l'Institut de France, notamment de l'Académie des Beaux-Arts, depuis sa création et en vue du XXIe siècle
Authors: Landowski Marcel 
Published: June 2020

The Fine Arts class of the Académie Royale de Belgique is celebrating its 150th anniversary. The Institut de France has just celebrated its bicentenary. This coincidence serves to remind us that the links between our institutions have been close, not only through the exchanges which link them, but through our associated membership of each other s institutions.
Such events provide the occasion for us to ask ourselves about our role in today s world. Through our independence, through the skills which our companies bring together, and through our desire to be useful to society, we can and we must exercise our responsibilities. It is this sense of responsibility which has underlain the process of discussion which has accompanied the bicentenary of the Institut de France. The Académie des Beaux-Arts also has a part to play in this movement. It does this by continuing to uphold the artistic tradition, by encouraging and protecting the arts, by advising the public authorities, and by defending our heritage -both national and international -when it is threatened. Over and beyond these functions, the Académies mission includes supporting the spiritual dimension of art, which our modern world of machines and profitability has a tendency to forget.
Indicateurs de volume et de déplacement d'une structure isostatique : le cas de la traversée horizontale, chargée verticalement
Authors: Samyn Philippe , Latteur Pierre 
Published: June 2020

Les Indicateurs de volume et de déplacement (nombres sans dimensions) sont des outils utiles pour le prédimensionnement, suivant la théorie de la mécanique des matériaux, de structures isostatiques non sujettes à l'instabilité élastique.
Après être définis, leurs conditions de validité et de précision sont étudiées.
Le cas de la travée horizontale chargée verticalement est ensuite analysé.
Permanences et ruptures dans la géographie électorale de la Belgique
Authors: Vandermotten Christian 
Published: June 2020

L'article examine l'évolution de la carte électorale belge, depuis la période du suffrage censitaire jusqu'aux dernières élections législatives de 1999. Il insiste sur les permanences des comportements électoraux régionaux et de leurs déterminants et situe les évolutions et les ruptures par rapport aux phases longues de l'évolution économique et sociale. Malgré le déclin tendanciel de leurs scores depuis 1965, les sociaux-chrétiens gardent la géographie la plus stable. Il en est de même des socialistes francophones, alors qu'au contraire la géographie socialiste flamande est devenue «périphérique» depuis 1981 et non plus «centrale» comme précédemment. La géographie libérale est la plus instable : elle apparaît de plus en plus centrée sur le principal bassin d'emploi métropolitain, tout en entrant en compétition avec le vote social-chrétien dans les régions «périphériques», surtout en Wallonie. L'extrême-droite et les écologistes ont tous deux une géographie «centrale», rendant compte d'électorats certes sociologiquement opposés, mais qui se déterminent l'un et l'autre par rapport à des enjeux post-fordistes.
Mots-clés : Belgique, géographie électorale, partis politiques, cycles de Kondratieff
Le réchauffement climatique au XXIe siècle. Causes et conséquences
Authors: Berger André 
Published: June 2020

L'accumulation de gaz carbonique dans l'atmosphère due à l'utilisation des combustibles fossiles pour la production d'énergie , le rejet d'autres gaz en traces qui sont susceptibles de modifier le bilan radiatif du système climatique, le déboisement intensif des forêts, et la modification artificielle du sol liée à l'explosion démographique et requise par une production alimentaire toujours accrue sont autant de facteurs qui font que l'Homme devient un élément important agissant progressivement, mais sûrement, sur l'évolution du climat des prochaines décennies.
Les études effectuées par le Groupe d'Experts Intergouvernemental sur l'Évolution du Climat montrent que, selon les scénarios, le réchauffement global d'ici la fin du XXIe siècle serait compris entre 1,4 et 5,8°C. Ce réchauffement serait accompagné d'une hausse du niveau des mers comprise entre 9 à 88 cm et d'une intensification du cycle hydrologique. En Europe, on s'attend à ce que la température augmente d'environ 3 à 4°C au cours des 100 prochaines années. Dans le nord de l'Europe, les précipitations augmenteraient de 1 à 2% par décennie tandis que dans le sud, les étés deviendraient plus secs et les hivers plus humides.
Ces changements entraîneraient une modification profonde des zones climatiques actuelles et par voie de conséquences des climats régionaux et de l'infrastructure agricole, économique et sociale qui leur est associée.
En Belgique, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont déjà bien au-dessus de l'objectif de Kyoto (en 2003, 8,1 millions de tonnes de CO2 équivalent) et les prévisions de l'Agence Européenne de l'Environnement (2005) mon- trent que d'ici 2010 nous dépasserons notre objectif de quelque 15,2 millions de tonnes. Si les pénalités prévues à l'heure actuelle pour les années après 2010 pour non-respect des quotas alloués se matérialisent (par exemple à 10 € la tonne de CO2 excédentaire), cela coûtera à la Belgique 152 millions d'Euros par an. De quoi s'interroger sur la politique actuelle d'abandon du nucléaire.
O Cupido e o leitor: afetividade na mediação da leitura literária
Authors: Souza Solange Da Silva , Silva Paulo Demetrio Pomares da , Souza Nilo Carlos Pereira de 
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo, resultante de uma investigação bibliográfica, tenta contribuir com reflexões sobre um componente que está presente em muitas das bem sucedidas experiências que promovem o encontro transformador com a leitura literária: a afetividade, algo que ao nosso entender passa muitas vezes despercebido como elemento partícipie do processo de constituição do leitor. Situando essa discussão no contexto educacional escolar, temos como inspiração teórica o fundador da psicologia histórico-cultural, Lev Semyonovich Vigotski (1896 – 1934). Para contribuir com tal argumentação, convidamos para esta “roda de leitura” Paulo Freire (1921 – 1997), grande representante brasileiro da teoria crítica da educação. Juntos a estes importantes teóricos, propomos pensar sobre o lugar das emoções na formação de leitores literários.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN TRANSAKSI DAN NILAI PELANGGAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENUMPANG KERETA MODA RAYA TERPADU (MRT) JAKARTA
Authors: Ishaya Salis Rabindra , Wibowo Edi Wahyu , Yoeliastuti Yoeliastuti 
Published: June 2020

<p>In the era of transportation development and technological sophistication, humans tend to choose transportation that is fast and affordable. The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) train of Jakarta, has become one of the choices for Jakarta public transportation in its activities. Inaugurated on March 24, 2019, several problems were complained by passengers, namely regarding the perception of ease of transaction and customer value. The Influence of Perceived Ease of Transaction on the satisfaction of passengers of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta based on statistical results it can be said that Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta passengers have partially significant satisfaction to use Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta in accordance with the Transaction Ease Perception. Satisfaction with Perception of Ease of Transaction as easy to learn, easy to use, clear, easy to understand, skilled. The Influence of Customer Value on the satisfaction of passengers of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta based on statistical results it can be said that Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta passengers have partially significant satisfaction to use Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta in accordance with Ticket Prices that have been paid out. Satisfaction of Customer Value paid is due to added value, suitability of costs with benefits, ease of obtaining services, emotional value. The Influence of Perceived Ease of Transaction and Customer Value on the satisfaction of passengers of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta based on statistical results can be said that Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta passengers have significant simultaneous satisfaction to use Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta in accordance with Ticket Prices, Facilities and Ease of Transaction Ease. The satisfaction of passengers of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta towards the Perception of Ease of Transaction and Customer Value that are jointly felt are satisfaction of punctuality, satisfaction of completeness of facilities, satisfaction of price suitability, satisfaction of departure schedules, and satisfaction of functions and facilities.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Train of Jakarta, Facilities, Perception Ease of Transaction, Customer Value</p>