bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updating Lead and Copper Rule Sample‐ Site Selection: Best Practices From an Innovative Pilot Program
Authors: Arnold Roger B. , Wang Luke , Lopez Talle , James Sophie , Blute Nicole 
Published: April 2020

Key TakeawaysUsing records research, geospatial analysis, and focused customer outreach, Cal Water's pilot program improved the accuracy of its Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) sample‐site selection.Following best practices to review and update a system's sample‐site selection program can ensure that lead‐and‐copper data reflect high‐risk sites.Effective lead‐and‐copper sampling plans allow water utilities to make critical corrosion‐control and water quality improvement decisions to protect public health.Updating LCR sampling plans will be necessary for continued compliance with the forthcoming LCR Revisions.
A Layman's Guide to High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: McKenna Elizabeth , Sharma Priyamvada , McCurry Daniel L. , Hanigan David 
Published: April 2020

Key TakeawaysMass spectrometry is a tool that allows researchers to identify and quantify molecules using their known mass.The entertainment industry has made lab analysis seem easy, but identifying chemicals in a solution is very complex.There are different types of mass spectrometry, each with variable analytical power and associated cost.Understanding the basics of mass spectrometry helps water professionals realize the full capabilities of lab instruments and comprehend the conclusions and limitations of water research.
Cultivation, cultivar, and topdressing moisture effects on settling of topdressing sand
Authors: Bearss Ryan C. , Rogers John N. , Crum James R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo desirable traits consistent in emerging creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivars are increased canopy density and fine leaf texture. Although the former is often associated with reduced incorporation of applied materials into the turf system, the effects of the latter have not yet been characterized. Some practitioners believe these boundaries can be overcome by topdressing with a dried sand, which they propose settles differently than conventional moist sand. In 2018, two topdressing studies were conducted to evaluate incorporation of moist and dried topdressing sands when applied to six creeping bentgrass cultivars of varying textures into vertically mowed and uncultivated systems. Cultivars were topdressed with dried sand or with moist sand and then incorporated with one of two brushing systems. Across trials, neither brush consistently outperformed the other. A larger proportion of applied topdressing sand was retained by the vertically mowed system and was unaffected by the moisture content of sand. Less sand was retained by uncultivated systems, and the distribution of both sands changed significantly. For moist sands, finer‐textured cultivars, in general, corresponded with greater removal of coarse fractions and a greater retention of fine fractions. Therefore, we provide supporting evidence that topdressing into vertically mowed systems, regardless of sand moisture content, results in enhanced sand incorporation. When topdressing uncultivated, fine‐textured bentgrass putting green systems, however, practitioners could benefit from topdressing with dried sands.
Digitization for Highly Accurate 3D Laser Processing of Customer‐specific Tools
Authors: Dold Claus Alexander , Eberle Gregory , Heger Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCutting tool manufacturing by laser technology has developed quickly during the past fifteen years. Compared to conventional machining methods such as grinding or eroding, laser processing does not require any additional elements such as coolant, grinding wheels, erosion wire, discs, etc. If ultrashort laser pulses are used together with optimized laser parameters, heat input into the material can be negligible. Additionally, there are no processing forces or tool wear present during laser manufacturing. For these many reasons, autonomous production of metallic or diamond tools is feasible and highly interesting.
Relapse of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis immediately after completion of effective anti‐tuberculosis treatments
Authors: Kimura Yuya , Shimada Masahiro , Kawashima Masahiro , Yamane Akira , Nagai Hideaki , Matsui Hirotoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost cases of lymph node enlargement after completing tuberculosis (TB) treatment are due to paradoxical reaction (PR), not relapse, and therefore, do not require re‐treatment. We herein report a case of a 28‐year‐old man who had developed cervical TB lymphadenitis and exhibited re‐enlargement of the same lymph nodes one month after completing effective TB chemotherapy, which was microbiologically proven as relapse. The patient noticed painful cervical lymphadenopathy one month after completion of chemotherapy for TB lymphadenitis. Combination chemotherapy with multiple anti‐TB drugs was resumed with suspicion of relapse. But, with his symptoms having worsened, surgical excision was performed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the dissected lymph nodes. Early regrowth of the lymph nodes after completing treatment can derive from microbiological relapse, in addition to PR. Surgical excision was useful for the microbiological diagnosis of the relapse. We must take care of lymph node re‐enlargement in consideration of TB relapse.
Impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcomes in young women with breast cancer
Authors: Porcu Eleonora , Cillo Giulia Maria , Cipriani Linda , Sacilotto Federica , Notarangelo Leonardo , Damiano Giuseppe , Dirodi Maria , Roncarati Ilaria 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcome. The main purpose and research question of the study is to determine the impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcomes.

Methods
Prospective study: 67 breast cancer patients between 18 and 40 years old, undergoing a fertility preservation by means of oocyte storage were considered. Inclusions criteria for the study were age between 18 and 40 years old, BMI between 18 and 28, breast cancer neoplasm stage I and II according to American Joint Committee on Cancer classification (2017) and no metastasis. Exclusion criteria: age over 40 years old, BMI < 18 and > 28, breast cancer neoplasm stage III and IV and do not performed the BRCA test. A total of 21 patients had not performed the test and were excluded. Patients were divided into four groups: Group A was composed by 11 breast cancer patients with BRCA 1 mutations, Group B was composed by 11 breast cancer patients with BRCA 2 mutations, Group C was composed by 24 women with breast cancer without BRCA mutations, and Group D (control) was composed by 181 normal women.

Results
Group A showed significant lower AMH levels compared to Group C and D (1.2 ± 1.1 vs 4.5 ± 4.1 p < 0.05 and 1.2 ± 1.1 vs 3.8 ± 2.5 p < 0.05). BRCA1 mutated patients showed a significant lower rate of mature oocytes (MII) compared to Group C (3.1 ± 2.3 vs 7.2 ± 4.4 p < 0,05) and Group D (3.1 ± 2.3 vs 7.3 ± 3.4; p < 0,05). Breast cancer patients needed a higher dose of gonadotropins compared to controls (Group A 2206 ± 1392 Group B2047.5 ± 829.9 Group C 2106 ± 1336 Group D 1597 ± 709 p < 0,05). No significant differences were found among the groups considering basal FSH levels, duration of stimulation, number of developed follicles, and number of total retrieved oocytes. Regarding BRCA2 mutation, no effect on fertility was shown in this study.

Conclusions
The study showed that BRCA1 patients had a higher risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) confirmed by a diminished ovarian reserve and a lower number of mature oocytes suitable for cryopreservation.
ON THE EIGENVALUES AND THE NODAL POINTS OF THE EIGENFUNCTIONS OF SOME EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS WITH EIGENPARAMETER-DEPENDENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: CHAN CHI-HUA , HUANG PO-CHUN 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConsider the following two eigenvalue problems: (0.1)
\begin{cases}\label{eqn:1abs}y"(x)+[\lambda^2-q(x)]y(x)=0, 0 \leq x \leq \pi,\\[3pt] y(0)=0, ay'(\pi)+\lambda y(\pi)=0, \end{cases}
and (0.2)
\begin{cases} z"(x)+[\mu^2-q(x)]z(x)=0, 0 \leq x \leq \pi,\\[3pt] z'(0)=0, az'(\pi)+\mu z(\pi)=0, \end{cases}
where
$q(x)$
is real-valued and integrable on [0,
$\pi$
]. Let
$\{\lambda_n\}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}\setminus \{0\}}$
and
$\{\mu_n\}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}\setminus \{0\}}$
denote the eigenvalues of equations (0.1) and (0.2), respectively. Then
\[\cdots\lt\mu_{-3}\lt\lambda_{-2}\lt\mu_{-2}\lt\lambda_{-1}\lt\mu_{-1}\lt\mu_1\lt\lambda_1\lt\mu_2\lt\lambda_2\lt\mu_3\lt\cdots.\]
Moreover, the number of zeros of the eigenfunctions of (0.1) ((0.2), respectively) corresponding to
$\lambda_n$
(
$\mu_n$
, respectively) in (0,
$\pi$
) is equal to
$|n|-1$
.
Emerging trends: Subwords, seriously?
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubwords have become very popular, but the BERTa and ERNIEb tokenizers often produce surprising results. Byte pair encoding (BPE) trains a dictionary with a simple information theoretic criterion that sidesteps the need for special treatment of unknown words. BPE is more about training (populating a dictionary of word pieces) than inference (parsing an unknown word into word pieces). The parse at inference time can be ambiguous. Which parse should we use? For example, “electroneutral” can be parsed as electron-eu-tral or electro-neutral, and “bidirectional” can be parsed as bid-ire-ction-al and bi-directional. BERT and ERNIE tend to favor the parse with more word pieces. We propose minimizing the number of word pieces. To justify our proposal, a number of criteria will be considered: sound, meaning, etc. The prefix, bi-, has the desired vowel (unlike bid) and the desired meaning (bi is Latin for two, unlike bid, which is Germanic for offer).
Young radio sources at high-energies and the γ-ray CSO PKS 1718–649
Authors: Migliori Giulia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObservations at high-energies are important to define the first stages of the evolution of extragalactic radio sources and to characterize the interstellar medium of their host galaxies. In some of the X-ray-observed Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs, among the youngest and most compact radio galaxies), we measured values of the total hydrogen column densities large enough to slow or prevent the radio source growth. The γ-ray window has the potential to constrain the non-thermal contribution of jets and lobes to the total high-energy emission. However, so far, young radio sources remain elusive in γ-rays, with only a handful of detections (or candidates) reported by Fermi. I present our γ-ray study of the CSO PKS 1718–649, and draw comparison with the restarted, γ-ray detected, radio galaxy 3C 84.
Particle acceleration and the origin of the very high energy emission around black holes and relativistic jets
Authors: de Gouveia Dal Pino Elisabete M. , Kowal Grzegorz , Kadowaki Luis , Medina-Torrejón Tania E. , Mizuno Yosuke , Singh Chandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParticle acceleration induced by fast magnetic reconnection may help to solve current puzzles related to the interpretation of the very high energy (VHE) and neutrino emissions from AGNs and compact sources in general. Our general relativistic-MHD simulations of accretion disk-corona systems reveal the growth of turbulence driven by MHD instabilities that lead to the development of fast magnetic reconnection in the corona. In addition, our simulations of relativistic MHD jets reveal the formation of several sites of fast reconnection induced by current-driven kink turbulence. The injection of thousands of test particles in these regions causes acceleration up to energies of several PeVs, thus demonstrating the ability of this process to accelerate particles and produce VHE and neutrino emission, specially in blazars. Finally, we discuss how reconnection can also explain the observed VHE luminosity-black hole mass correlation, involving hundreds of non-blazar sources like Perseus A, and black hole binaries.
An X-band gain-enhanced bidirectional antenna array using strip-loaded dielectric resonator operating in TE3δ1 mode
Authors: Yang Ling-Ling , Ke Yan-Hui , Chen Jian-Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA bidirectional dielectric resonator (DR) antenna array using back-to-back quasi-Yagi antenna configuration is proposed and implemented for the first time. The DR operating at higher-order TE3δ1 mode is used as a magnetic dipole, applying for the driver of quasi-Yagi antenna. Due to the high-order mode employment, the antenna gain can be enhanced. By partially loading the metallic strip on the side wall of the DR, the gain can be further enhanced. In addition, a simple dual Marchand balun is constructed for feeding the two quasi-Yagi antennas directly for bidirectional radiation. To verify the design concept, a prototype operating at the X-band is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results can be observed.
Tracking Early Sentence-Building Progress in Graphic Symbol Communication
Authors: Binger Cathy , Kent-Walsh Jennifer , Harrington Nancy , Hollerbach Quinn C. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
As is the case with children who rely on spoken language, speech-language pathologists must support and track the expressive language development of children with complex communication needs who use graphic symbols to communicate. This research note presents a framework of the progression of expressive English sentence development using graphic symbols and introduces possible approaches for measuring and analyzing graphic symbol use.

Method
Current issues in measuring graphic symbol utterances are explored, and a range of measures designed to analyze individual graphic symbol utterances as well as larger samples of utterances are presented.

Results
Both the Graphic Symbol Utterance and Sentence Development Framework and suggested measures are based on years of graphic symbol intervention research, including two large ongoing research studies of preschoolers with severe speech impairments. Our framework adapts the work of Hadley (2014) to depict expressive language progression from early symbol combinations to childlike and adultlike sentences and highlights developmental patterns unique to graphic symbol productions. Adaptations of existing measures (such as mean length of utterance) as well as measures unique to graphic symbol analyses are presented and discussed.

Conclusion
To accurately track changes in early graphic symbol utterance growth and complexity, a multidimensional approach, which includes analyses such as symbol relevance, word class diversity, and lexical diversity, is recommended.
Does Time Compression Decrease Intelligibility for Female Talkers More Than for Male Talkers?
Authors: Johnson Eric M. , Morgan Shae D. , Ferguson Sarah Hargus 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This preliminary investigation compared effects of time compression on intelligibility for male versus female talkers. We hypothesized that time compression would have a greater effect for female talkers.

Method

Sentence materials from four talkers (two males) were time compressed, and original-speed and time-compressed speech materials were presented in a background of 12-talker babble to young adult listeners with normal hearing. Each talker/processing condition was heard by eight listeners (total
N
= 64). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to determine the effects of and interaction between processing condition and talker sex on keyword intelligibility. Additional post hoc analyses examined whether processing condition effects were related to talker vowel space and word frequency.

Results
For original-speed sentences, female and male talkers were essentially equally intelligible. Time compression reduced intelligibility for all talkers, but the effect was significantly greater for the female talkers. Supplementary analyses revealed that the effect of time compression depended on both talker vowel space and word frequency: The detrimental effect decreased significantly as word frequency and vowel space increased. Word frequency effects were also greater overall for talkers with larger vowel spaces.

Conclusions
While the small talker sample limits conclusions about the effects of talker sex, the secondary analyses suggest that intelligibility of talkers with larger vowel spaces is less susceptible to the negative effect of time compression, especially for high-frequency words.
Platelets in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: Two Sides of the Coin
Authors: Lutz Prof. Dr. med. Jens , Jurk PD Dr. rer. nat. Kerstin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRates of thrombosis and bleeding episodes are both increased in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pathogenic mechanisms of thrombosis in these patients include platelet activation, increased formation of platelet-leukocyte conjugates, and platelet-derived microparticles, as well as effects of uremic toxins on platelets. On the other side of the coin, platelet hyporeactivity mediated by uremic toxins and anemia contributes to the increased bleeding risk in advanced CKD. Platelets also contribute to the inflammatory environment, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in these patients. This review provides insights into the altered platelet function in advanced stages of CKD and their relationship with risks of thrombosis and bleeding. Particularly, the effect of dialysis on platelets will be discussed. Furthermore, therapeutic options with respect to thrombotic disorders as well as bleeding in patients with CKD are reviewed.
Obesity Paradox—Does It Exist in the Contemporary South Indian Post-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Population?
Authors: Sunitha Aramalla , Shaik Shabbir Ali , Garre Indrani 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Obesity is a predisposing factor for atherosclerotic coronary arterial disease. Many studies have shown a protective effect of obesity for major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Aim The main purpose of this article is to assess the clinical characteristics, invasive angiographic features, and in-hospital cardiovascular events in obese patients compared with normal and underweight patients. We wanted to know the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes after PCI.
Methods We conducted a prospective study among patients undergoing PCI. Between 2017 and 2019, we included 1,669 participants. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of BMI on in-hospital adverse events.
Results The patients were classified into four groups: obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25 to <29.9 kg/m2), normal BMI (BMI 18.51 to <24.9 kg/m2), and underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2). Of 1,669 enrolled patients, 1,233 were men, and 436 were women. Among the women, 19 (35.8%) were underweight, 214(25.4%) were normal having normal BMI, 137 (23.5%) were overweight, and 66 (34%) were obese. Among the men, 34 (2.7%) were underweight, 626 (51%) has normal BMI, 445(36%) were overweight, and 128 (10.3%) were obese. Among 840 patients with normal BMI, 797 (95.4%) had no in-hospital events, 39 (4.6%) had in-hospital events. Among 582 patients who were overweight, 30 (5%) had in-hospital events, and 551 (95%) had no in-hospital events. Among 194 patients who were obese, 9 (4.6%) had in-hospital events and 181 (95.4%) had no in-hospital events.There were no in-hospital events in the underweight group. When in-hospital events were compared with different subgroups depending on the weight, it was not statistically significant (for obesity, p = 0.72, and underweight, p = 0.162). When the events in patients with higher than normal BMI (overweight and obese) were compared with events in underweight, it was statistically significant (p = 0.03). It means that a higher BMI was associated with a higher in-hospital event rate.
Conclusion A paradox regarding the association of higher BMI with decreased in-hospital events after PCI is not seen in contemporary south Indian post PCI patients.
Phase field simulation of α/β microstructure in titanium alloy welds
Authors: Ahluwalia Rajeev , Laskowski Robert , Ng Nathaniel , Wong Mark , Quek Siu Sin , Wu David T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The microstructure formation during

β
→
α
+
β

transformation in heat affected zone of titanium alloy welds is studied using an approach combining a phase field solid-solid transformation model with a heat transfer finite element method (FEM). FEM is used to model macroscopic heat transfer during welding cycle and to compute the thermal history at several points across the weld. The thermal history is subsequently used as input to the phase field model describing microstructure evolution. The chemical component of Gibbs free energy, atomic mobility and elastic tensors are parameterized for Ti–6Al–4V using available literature data. A classical nucleation theory based model is parameterized using recent continuous cooling experiments and is used to account for nucleation events. The study explains the graded microstructures observed in titanium alloy welds and provides insights into the underlying processes that occur during welding.
Metaheuristic layout design of a 2 billion euro science facility
Authors: Bentley P M , Filges U 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A conceptual design process is described, whereby the layout of a modern, multi-MW spallation neutron source is optimised using metaheuristics. This was achieved by coupling several well-known analytical approximations of positive and negative performance metrics with a genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO). This will be contrasted with a parallel, manual study that was initiated immediately after. Overall, the metaheuristic method converged on superior results, and was generated with an order of magnitude reduction in total labour relative to the manual study. The baseline described in this report has become the real-world layout at the European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Sweden.
The Symptom and Domain Structure of Psychotic Disorders: A Network Analysis Approach
Authors: Peralta Victor , Gil-Berrozpe Gustavo J , Librero Julián , Sánchez-Torres Ana , Cuesta Manuel J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Little is understood about the symptom network structure of psychotic disorders. In the current study, we aimed to examine the network structure of psychotic symptoms in a broad and transdiagnostic sample of subjects with psychotic disorders (n = 2240) and to determine whether network structure parameters vary across demographic, sampling method and clinical variables. Gaussian graphical models were estimated for 73 psychotic symptoms assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History. A 7-cluster solution (reality distortion, disorganization, catatonia, diminished expressivity, avolition/anhedonia, mania, and depression) best explained the underlying symptom structure of the network. Symptoms with the highest centrality estimates pertained to the disorganization and, to a lesser extent, negative domains. Most bridge symptoms pertained to the disorganization domain, which had a central position within the network and widespread connections with other psychopathological domains. A comparison of networks in subgroups of subjects defined by premorbid adjustment levels, treatment response, and course pattern significantly influenced both network global strength and network structure. The sampling method and diagnostic class influenced network structure but not network global strength. Subgroups of subjects with less densely connected networks had poorer outcomes or more illness severity than those with more densely connected networks. The network structure of psychotic features emphasizes the importance of disorganization symptoms as a central domain of psychopathology and raises the possibility that interventions that target these symptoms may prove of broad use across psychopathology. The network structure of psychotic disorders is dependent on the sampling method and important clinical variables.