bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Risk Factors of Voice Problems among Teachers
Authors: Fahmy V F , Elokda E E , Abdelhamid M A , Momen M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Voice problems are thought to be one of the major occupational hazards of school teaching; as teachers often use their voice with high-intensity, in noisy classes, for a long time and without suitable breaks. The measurement of vocal demands and risk factors is essential for adjusting occupational safety and health services to this population’s needs.

Aim of the Work
To estimate the prevalence of voice problems and to identify the possible risk factors for developing voice pathology among primary school teachers.

Materials and Methods
A cross sectional study was carried out in 10 primary schools in Cairo, Egypt. A total of 225 primary school teachers were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected through an interview questionnaire addressing the prevalence of voice problems and potential risk factors. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to measure the relationship between voice problems and associated risk factors.

Results
The frequency of voice problems among teachers was 56.4% at any point of time throughout their career. The teachers reporting voice problems were compared with those without problems. Gender was significantly associated with the development of voice problems among teachers.

Conclusion
A high frequency of self-reported voice problems was found among the studied teachers which indicates that school teaching is a high-risk profession for occurrence of voice problems.
Impact of mothers’ knowledge and coping strategies on glycemic control of Diabetic children Ain Shams University hospital, 2018
Authors: Khallaf N M R , Manzour A F , Kamaleldin A M , Meky F A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Type 1 diabetes trends in Egyptian children have been increased in the past two decades. This study aimed to: a) Determine diabetes-specific knowledge level of diabetic children’s mothers. b) Measure maternal diabetes-related stress. c) Identify different coping strategies of the mothers in response to their children’s illness. d) Determine the effect of the level of mothers’ diabetes specific knowledge, their score of stress, and their coping strategy on glycemic control of their diabetic children.

Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted in the outpatient clinic for diabetic children at a University hospital between February and August, 2018 in Cairo, Egypt. A Systematic random sample of 104 mothers of diabetic children aged between 2 to 14 years was taken. Diabetes-specific knowledge was measured by using the Diabetes Knowledge questionnaire-24 .Stress and coping strategies were measured by the Ways of coping questionnaire.Hba1c levels of their children were taken from medical records.

Results
The study showed that approximately two-thirds of the mothers (61.5%) had good diabetes-specific knowledge levels, 45.2% of them had high levels of diabetes-related stress. The most common adopted coping strategy by the mothers was acceptance of the disease. Glycemic control of the child was negatively correlated with positive thinking about the disease (r=-.2, p=.042) and acceptance of the disease (r= -.3, p=.002).While, it was positively correlated with cognitive restructure (r=.262, p=.007) and emotional numbing (r=.2, p=.042). There was no significant relation between maternal diabetes-specific knowledge levels, their stress levels and Hba1c levels of their children.

Conclusions
mothers who were able to adopt positive coping strategies such as: acceptance of their children’s disease and positively think about it, might maintain a better glycemic control in their children.
Assessment of Serum and Tissue YKL-40 in Egyptian Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients versus Controls
Authors: Shaheen M A , Elzawahry K M , Georgy F W 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Psoriasis is an inflammatory, papulosquamous disease of the skin. Serum YKL-40 is a useful biomarker of inflammation in psoriasis as well as other inflammatory diseases.

Objectives
To compare the levels of serum and tissue YKL-40 as a reliable biomarker of inflammation in psoriasis vulgaris patients versus controls.

Patients and methods
We performed a case-control study in 30 Egyptian patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 30 controls. Cases and controls were selected excluding pregnant females, individuals with any malignancies, patients who received systemic treatment for psoriasis for 1 month prior to their inclusion in the study and patients who received topical treatment for psoriasis 2 weeks prior to their inclusion in the study. The serum & tissue levels of YKL-40 were measured using ELISA technique.

Results
Both the serum and tissue levels of YKL-40 were elevated in psoriasis patients when compared with controls (p &lt; 0.01). These levels correlated highly with PASI score; both serum and tissue YKl-40 levels were significantly higher in patients with moderate psoriasis as compared with those with mild psoriasis. On the other hand, there was no statistical correlation between the serum and tissue levels of YKL-40 and age, BMI or disease duration.

Conclusion
The significant elevation in serum and tissue levels of YKl-40 in psoriatic patients when compared with healthy controls validates the marker in question as a reliable biomarker of inflammation in psoriasis vulgaris patients.
Conventional Photodynamic Therapy versus Fractional CO2 Laser Assisted Photodynamic Therapy in Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Abdallah M M A , Mahmoud M T , Soltan M Y , Abughali M M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Onychomycosis is a common persistent infection of the nail unit by fungi either dermatophytes, yeasts or non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs). It is classified clinically to distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO), superficial white onychomycosis (SWO), proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO), candidal onychomycosis, endonyx onychomycosis and total dystrophic onychomycosis (TDO). Onychomycosis is commonly confirmed by clinical examination side by side with regular diagnostic techniques such as direct microscopy and fungal culture, which are considered the golden are considered the golden standards of diagnosis.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate two PDT approaches in the treatment of onychomycosis. The study will compare the effect of PDT using conventional method versus fractional CO2 assisted PDT for achievement of a clinical and mycological cure in cases of onychomycosis.

Patients and Methods
we conducted a right-left controlled study, on 21 patients with at least 2 toenails onychomycosis in the same patient. These patients were recruited from outpatient clinic of dermatology department at Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study was conducted during the period from December 2016 till June 2017. Twenty-one patients (4 males and 17 females) with clinical signs of toenail onychomycosis were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis was confirmed via laboratory studies.

Results
in our study, we found that Aspergillus species were the most common causative organisms of OM followed by and this is possibly because the non NDMs are more frequent in tropical and subtropical areas with a hot and humid climate. Conventional PDT and fractional CO2-assisted PDT have an antifungal activity as manifest by a mycological cure rate of 57.1% and 76.2% in OM cases respectively. Fractional CO2-assisted PDT was superior to conventional PDT as regard the clinical improvement in nail appearance and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion
non-dermatophyte molds are important and common pathogens in toenail onychomycosis. Aspergillus species play an important role as pathogens for toenail onychomycosis in Egypt.
Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Diphenylcyclopropenone Alone and in Combination with Intralesional or Systemic Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Extensive or Refractory Alopecia Areata
Authors: Rasheed A I E , Soltan M Y , Mohammed N N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by transient, non-scarring hair loss with preservation of the hair follicle. It affects nearly 2% of the general population at some point during their lifetime. Extent of the disease can vary widely from localized hair loss in well-defined patches to diffuse or total hair loss, which can affect all hair-bearing sites. Patchy alopecia areata affecting the scalp is the most common type.

Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical diphenylcyclopropenone alone and in combination with intralesional steroids or systemic steroids for the treatment of extensive and/or refractory cases of alopecia areata.

Patients and Methods
The study included 21 patients suffering from alopecia areata during January 2018 till November 2018. They were recruited from the Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology, Ain Shams University Hospital and El-houd EL-marsoud Hospital. All patients gave written consent to participate in this work after explanation of the technique, expectations, possible side effects and alternative treatments. The study was approved by Research Ethical committee of Ain Shams University.

Results
We found that about three quarters of AA patients were males and majority were young adults aged 15 to 50 years. The duration of the disease was more than one year and mean age of first onset was 15 years. About half of the patients was of refractory type. All patients recalled previous history of AA and 90% treated by combined therapy. Scalp was affected in all patients and eyebrow in half of them while nails were affected in 10%. Mean SALT score at time of presentation was 59%. Dermoscopic examination revealed that majority of the patients (95%) had yellow dots; two third had black dots and vellous hair; while exclamation and short thin hairs were found in approximately one third of the patients. The study found that there is statistically significant difference between mean SALT scores among the three treatment modality groups at start of treatment course specifically between group II (40.6 (±20.9)) and group III (82.5 (±21.7)) (p = 0.04).

Conclusion
DPCP is an effective and safe treatment of extensive and refractory AA especially with intralesional steroid. Older age at onset of the disease is good indicator for a better prognosis. No statistical significant difference between treatment modalities regarding response stratified by other demographic and clinical feature of AA patients.
Psychiatric co- morbidity among learning-disabled children
Authors: Alnne R A , Azzam A A , Shadi M S , El-sady S R , Aboelella E I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite a strong reciprocal association between dyslexia and behavioral problems in children, their co-occurrence is often under-recognized and under-treated resulting in less than optimal outcomes in all areas including academic emotional outcomes.

Aim of the Work
The primary goal of this study was to identify the co-morbid behavioral problems in dyslexic children and delineate its types to minimize its burden on dyslexic children; in order to design a better management plan.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 62 dyslexic children between the ages of 6 to 10.5 years, belonging to different socioeconomic standards. They were subjected to the Learning Disabilities assessment protocol (including Modified Arabic Dyslexia Screening Teat , MADST )of the Phoniatrics Unit, Ain Shams University also they were subjected to the Arabic version of the Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL) which was conducted at the Psychiatric Unit, Ain Shams University.

Results
Reading disabilities was positively correlated with total behavioral problems, internalizing behavioral problems, anxiety, depression, social and attention problems, while there was no significant association with somatic, thoughts problems and externalizing behavior (aggression and rule breaking behavior).

Conclusion
this study showed that reading disabilities is associated with behavioral problems, which may affect the efficiency of there habilitation program
Relation between cortical auditory evoked potentials and behavioral auditory discrimination in cochlear implant children
Authors: Shalaby A A , Elkholy W A , Hassan D M , Mohamed A M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Cochlear implants (CI) can partially or totally revert the effects of sensory deprivation; thus enabling the development of auditory abilities. However, there remains a large amount of variability in speech perception outcome among CI users. Such variability may be attributed to the children’s diverse capabilities in detecting amplitude, temporal and spectral changes in the incoming complex speech signals in quiet and in difficult listening situations.

Objective
To study whether the newly introduced Acoustic Change Complex (ACC) cortical potential using short duration can be used to document such variability. If used as a tool for cortical discrimination, it will aid in evaluating young children who cannot be tested using behavioral measures.

Patients and Methods
Cortical auditory evoked potentials were recorded in forty five unilaterally-implanted children ranging in age from 6 to 12 years. Stimuli used to elicit ACC were short duration (500 msec.) speech and tonal stimuli. Spectral change was done using /i/ to /u/ vowels, while temporal change was done using variable gaps-in-1000 Hz tone, ranging from 5 msec. to 200 msec. Auditory evoked responses were compared to behavioral tests which included speech perception test (PBKG) and psychophysical test for temporal resolution.

Results
ACC potentials were successfully recorded in most of the children evaluated. Generally, ACC were significantly highly detected in temporal changes than spectral change. Individual data showed that poor behavioral performance was associated with higher ACC detection thresholds to gap in tone and poorer % detection to vowel change. Conclusion: ACC potential using short duration stimuli can be recorded in young implanted children in an ordinary clinical setting. However, more research is needed to document the complex behavioral-objective relationship and its ultimate link to speech perception and language development in young CI recipients.
Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Metabolic Disorders by M-CHAT R/F
Authors: Abdelwareth L M , Ghandour H H , Abdelhakim A S , Elrefaie D A , Shata M O 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
no exact cause can be defined for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but, recent studies proved a great association between the presence of ASD symptoms and different metabolic disorders which provides a great consideration in diagnosis and treatment of children with ASD.

Aim of the Work
is to detect the prevalence of ASD among children with metabolic disorders using M-CHAT-R/F as a screening tool.

Patients and Methods
An analytical (observational) cross sectional research design. The subjects of this study comprised a convenient sample of 100 children diagnosed as having Metabolic Disorders with age range between (16-30) months. The validated Arabic version of Modified Checklist of Autism- Revised and Follow up (M-CHAT R/F) was applied for all children.

Results
screening of 100 children with unequal distribution among 13 types of metabolic disorders for ASD by use of M-CHAT-R/F found 22% had low risk (safe), 58% had moderate risk and 20% had high risk.

Conclusion
children with metabolic disorders are at a high risk for ASD. Early detection of these cases provides early intervention and better outcome.
Elective Neck Dissection in T1T2 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Proven N0 Neck: Essential or Not? A Meta-analysis Study
Authors: Ibrahim S A , Elsersy H A , Abdelhamid A N , Darahem I M H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is characterized by a high risk of metastases to lymph nodes in the neck. The incidence of occult cervical metastases is relatively high. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Our study included patients with early oral cancer (T1/T2) Squamous cell carcinoma with proven N0 Neck.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the need for elective neck dissection (END) in T1/T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma with proven N0 Neck.

Patients and Methods
a meta-analysis for the evaluation of recurrence rate after neck dissection in early oral cancers was conducted. This study included published English medical articles in the last 30 years, concerning early oral SCC with proven N0 Neck. (24) articles were included with a total number of 2192 of patients and 1619 controls.

Results
There was a significant heterogeneity among the included studies. Regarding the regional recurrence rate, neck dissection (ND) was associated with significantly lower risk of recurrence when being compared with observation. Regarding the 5-year survival rate, (10) studies were included with a total number of 1211 of patients and 948 controls. There was no significant heterogeneity among the included. There was a statistically significant difference between ND and Control.

Conclusion
Elective neck dissection is better than observation in early oral cancers T1/T2 N0 neck.
Single Sitting Bilateral Myringoplasty: Outcomes and Complications
Authors: Hassan M A , Hassaballah M S , Mikahail P M , Mahmoud M S D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Tympanoplasty is the standard and well established procedure for closure of tympanic membrane perforations. Traditionally each ear drum is taken up for grafting sequentially in two different sittings. The reluctance to deal with both sides at the same sitting has been primarily due to a theoretical risk of iatrogenic sensory-neural hearing loss, need of bilateral ear canal gauze packing and chances of graft intake failure. Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a widely prevalent public health problem presenting with discomfort, hearing loss, otorrhea and psychological trauma. CSOM is characterized by an inflammatory process of the middle ear often associated with irreversible tissue alterations. It may be further classified into safe chronic otitis media and unsafe chronic otitis media according to the absence or presence of a cholesteatoma.

Aim
This study aim at assessing the single stage bilateral surgical procedure in bilateral tympanic membrane perforation caused by chronic otitis media as regard the graft take and hearing improvement as outcomes.

Methodology
A meta-analysis study is done to assess the feasibility and the possibility of operating the bilateral perforation in tympanic membrane in chronic otitis media cases on same session rather than doing it in separate sessions. The outcomes that were selected to evaluate such approach are graft take and hearing improvement. Hospital stay, cost of the operation and time were supposed to be evaluated however, there was no sufficient data to treat such outcomes in this meta analytic study upon that these outcomes are going to be appraised and stated bases on the available data.

Results
The graft take was evaluated on the bases paper by ototscopic examination post operative from 3 weeks to 3 months by closure of the perforation. It was estimated in this study to be 88%. This percent is matching the result obtained by Ihsan et al 2016 “who operated on 50 patients with a graft uptake rate of 86 %”, Olusesi et al, 2017 " with a total of 38 participants underwent either bilateral sequential same-day tympanoplasty (18 patients, 36 ears) or bilateral sequential different-day tympanoplasty (20 patients, 40 ears). The overall graft take rate was 88 per cent (32 out of 36 ears in the same-day tympanoplasty group, 35 out of 40 ears in the different-day tympanoplasty group; p = 0.96, odds ratio = 0.984)" (88 %), and Katsura et al, 2005 who revised the SUM using a 17 patients who underwent bilateral same-day surgery with a success rate of (85%).

Conclusion
Simultaneous bilateral myringoplasty is safe and effective as a single-stage operation with a high success rate as regard the graft take and hearing improvement.
Three ounce Water Swallow Test versus Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing for Evaluation of Laryngeal Aspiration
Authors: Ahmed S , Bassiouny S , Hafez N , Ghandour H , Salah M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Screening of dysphagia by 3 ounce water swallow test (WST) is one of the most common screening tools especially among stroke patients worldwide and it is very important to avoid serious complications as pneumonia, guide starting oral alimentation.

Aim of the work
to compare the effectiveness of 3 ounce WST to the FEES results in determination of aspiration in order to guide oral feeding recommendation.

Patients and Method
This study included 39 patients recruited from the Phoniatric out-patient clinics of Ain Shams University Hospitals and Banha University Hospitals. They were subjected to doing 3 ounce WST after complete assessment according to protocol of dysphagia Ain Shams University and then doing FEES which used as the gold standard to compare the results of 3 ounce WST.

Results
Sensitivity of 3 ounce WST was 72%, specificity was 100%, false negative rate was 28% among patients of different diagnostic categories while Sensitivity of 3 ounce WST was 87.5 %, specificity was 100%, false negative rate was 12.5 % among stroke patients.

Conclusion
Although being simple, inexpensive and quick to perform, the 3 ounce WST is not sensitive enough to detect cases of silent aspirations. A large false negative rate exists. In addition, it does not differentiate between penetration or aspiration, if cough occurs, and thus not truly helpful in oral feeding recommendations.
Role of Botulinum Toxin Injection in Non Allergic Non Infectious Chronic Rhinosinusitis (A Systematic Review)
Authors: Mansour O I , Hamdy T A , Abdelhamid A N , Hussein I M N M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Botulinum toxin is derived from clostridium botulinum, in the recent era it has been used in many aspects of medicine such as sialorrhea, aesthetic surgery and most recently in rhinosinusitis. Rhinosinusitis is defined as an inflammation of the membranes lining the nose and paranasal sinuses, characterized by nasal symptoms including itching, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. Rhinosinusitis represents a global health problem affecting between 10% and 25% of the world population.

Aim of the Work
Systematic review of the clinical trials, to detect the efficacy of using botulinum toxin locally in cases of non-allergic non-infectious rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinosinusitis.

Methodology
This is a meta-analysis study. The study included published medical articles about botulinum toxin injection for patients suffering from non-allergic non-infectious rhinosinusitis (NANIR) and patients complaining of allergic rhinosinusitis through searching the Medline data base.

Results
172 patients were included in our systematic review, where botulinum toxin was used locally in the nasal cavity, a clear symptomatologic benefit of BTX on both (NANIR) and allergic rhinosinusitis in terms of rhinorrhea, pruritis, sneezing, nasal obstruction. No systemic effects were reported, and 6 cases only reported epistaxis for 1week after BTX injection.

Conclusion
The available data favors the efficacy of usage of botulinum toxin for cases of (NANIR) and allergic rhinosinusitis, further randomized controlled studies must be conducted in the future.