bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND OUR EXPERIENCE IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEMORRHOID A BASE FOR EVIDENTIAL MEDICINE
Authors: Bojko V. V. , Makarov V. V. , Tsodikov V. V. , Tarasenko L. G. 
Published: July 2020

Summary. Aim. Decrease the amount of postoperative complications and improve quality of life for patients by a chronic hemorrhoid (CH).
Materials and methods. Both international and national foreign clinical protocols are analysed. The obtained data are confronted with our clinical experience.
Results and their discussion. Materials and methods. In the looks of foreign colleagues to tactics of treatment of patients with CH are analysed. The obtained data are confronted from positions of the best medical practice of providing of medicaid to the patients with a CH. Results and their discussion. In spite of insignificant differences in the volume of operative treatment of patients of CH, international practice adheres to single approach on tactics of surgical decision of this problem. Among the radical methods of treatment recommend next methodologies as an operation of choice: hemorrhoidectomy Milligan - Morgan, Ferguson and Parks, that in all researches were marked as high-efficiency. Clinical experience of our clinic, that Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy is the operation of choice for patients with 3-4 degrees of fall of knots, and applications of modern methodologies allows to bring down lacks of this operation and to attain the level of complications less than 1 %.
Conclusions. The necessity of development of compatible clinical protocol of medicare to the patients takes place with CH. Introduction of single home standards of providing of medicare to the patients with CH will allow to bring down the risk of development of complications and improve the results of treatment. The got results of own researches on providing of medicare to the patients with CH are comparable with the results of foreign colleagues.
ТHE PLACE OF ENDOVASCULAR SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL ISCHEMIA OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors: Goshchynsky V. B. , Lugovyj O. B. , Lugovyj S. O. , Herasimets U. M. 
Published: July 2020

Summary. The purpose of the study. To determine the possibility of endovascular surgical interventions and their effectiveness in patients with critical ischemia of the limbs.
Materials and methods. The object of research was 209 patients with critical ischemia of the limbs, ages 53 to 71 years, which made endovascular surgical interventions.
The results. Analysis of results of endovascular surgery witness that balloon angìoplasty with stenting zone for reconstruction and balloon angìoplasty with paclitaxel give the smallest percentage of reocclusion and restenosis in the early and late postoperative period than balloon angìoplasty.
Conclusions. 1. The use of endovascular surgical interventions is a promising method of treatment of critical ischemia of the lower extremities, especially in the elderly and senile. 2. In case of critical ischemia of the limbs should be used balloon angìoplasty with stenting or balloon angìoplasty with paclitaxel, based on the results of early and late postoperative period.
PREDICTION AND PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY AND POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF COMORBIDITY
Authors: Piatnochka V. I. , Dzyubanovsky I. Ya. , Selsky P. G. , Svistun G. V. 
Published: July 2020

Summary. Purpose of the study. Conduct a retrospective and prospective analysis of complications in patients operated on for primary and postoperative ventral hernia based on the use of multi-parameter neural network clustering.
Materials and research methods. The object of the study was 1419 patients who underwent surgical interventions on the anterior abdominal wall for primary ventral and postoperative ventral hernias.
Results. An analysis of cluster portraits during neural network clustering in 1419 patients with primary and postoperative ventral hernias revealed that multimorbidity, allogeneioplasty of the onlay type, especially when using heavy polypropylene nets, morbid obesity of the II-III degree, as well as the presence of undifferentiated dysplasia syndrome connective tissue creates the highest risk group for the development of local and general postoperative complications.
Conclusions. 1. The comorbidity index significantly increases the operational-anesthetic risk and affects the incidence of postoperative complications. 2. The introduction of a comprehensive program (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) in the perioperative period, which we used in 28.96 % of patients with primary and postoperative ventral hernias under conditions of comorbidity, reduced the number of postoperative complications by 2.08 times and reduced the duration of inpatient treatment by 2-3 days.
ТREATMENT OF STENOSIS OF THE PYLORIC BULBAR ZONE OF ULCERATIVE GENESIS USING MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY
Authors: Babii O. M. , Tarabarov S. A. , Prolom N. V. , Shevchenko B. F. , Galinsky A. A. 
Published: July 2020

Summary. Purpose: to improve the results of surgical treatment of stenosis of the pyloroduodenal zone of ulcerative origin through the use of minimally invasive laparoendoscopic interventions.
Material and methods. In the Department of Surgery of the Digestive Organs of the State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the NAMS of Ukraine” for 2014-2019, 114 patients with stenosis of the pyloroduodenal zone of ulcerative origin were examined. Of these, 35 — with compensated stenosis, 57 — with subcompensated, 22 — with decompensated stenosis. The average age (45.3±5.2) years. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals. All patients underwent surgical treatment using minimally invasive and traditional surgical interventions.
Results and discussion. During the study, known indications were clarified and new indications for performing endoscopic balloon pyloroduodenoplasty and combined laparoendoscopic intervention were clarified. Complications in the immediate postoperative period occurred in 1 patient (1.04%) in the form of perforation of the dilated zone. In patients after the traditional laparotomy surgery, the average postoperative period was (15 ± 2) days. Complications in the immediate postoperative period occurred in 2 patients (11.1 %) in the form of bleeding and leaks in the pyloroplasty zone, which required repeated surgical treatment. Тhere were no fatal cases. The remote observation period was 7-22 months. Endoscopic, radiological and clinical signs of recurrence of peptic ulcer and stenosis were not detected.
Conclusions. The method of minimally invasive endoscopic and combined laparoendoscopic interventions in the treatment of stenosis of the pyloroduodenal zone of ulcerative genesis is characterized by a minimal number of complications, has good efficacy indicators and the absence of disease recurrence in the long-term period.
STUDY OF ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS AS CRITERION-IMPORTANT MARKERS OF ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION IN PATIENTS WITH ANASTOMOSIS LEAKEGE AGAINST A BACKGROUND OF RESECTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: Tymchenko M. Ye. 
Published: July 2020

Summary. The aim of the study was to study the dependence of ion exchange and saturation with iron transferrin on the background of increasing endotoxicosis, depending on the severity of the clinical course of acute small bowel obstruction and peritonitis.
Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the SI «ZIGUS NAMSU» and was based on the analysis of laboratory data of 63 patients with a failure of small intestinal anastomoses who in the future needed one of the options of resections of the segments of the small intestine, which were treated in the clinic from 2016 to 2019. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of physical severity of the condition on the APACHE II scale. The study was conducted in two stages: the first stage examined the content of zinc, copper and iron ions in the serum of all patients studied, the second stage of the study in patients evaluated the objective indicators of endogenous intoxication on the basis of leukocyte index of intoxication, index of content molecular weight, malonic aldehyde and diene conjugates in serum and iron levels in whole blood, as well as its serum.
Results and Discussion. The study of Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ metabolism in the serum of all patients with inflammatory phenomena of the peritoneum on the background of anastomosis failure revealed significant changes. In the clinical group of patients with small bowel anastomosis, the level of zinc upon admission to the hospital was significantly increased. In the second stage, we conducted a study on the detection of an increase in serum iron content, endogenous intoxication and a decrease in transferrin iron saturation depending on the clinical course of the disease in patients with acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis and the degree of contamination of the small intestine. The results shown in study indicate that in the studied patients, depending on the severity of the disease there is a progressive decrease in the content of iron in whole blood, along with an increase in its serum level against the background of a significant decrease in iron saturation and increase in objective indicators of endogenous intoxication.
Conclusions. On the basis of the results of the research, we can conclude that the increase of serum iron content with simultaneous decrease of transferrin iron saturation in the studied patients on the background of intensification of endotoxicosis depending on the severity of the condition, considering it as a factor of increasing the aggressiveness of bacterial resistance and flora correlates with the severity of the clinical course, according to which appropriate adequate additional corrective therapy is performed in complex surgery. treatment of patients with a small bowel anastomosis.
<p><strong><em>TANDONIA BOLENSIS</em></strong><strong> N. SP., A NEW SLUG (GASTROPODA: PULMONATA: MILACIDAE) FROM THE ISLAND OF BRAČ (DALMATIA, CROATIA)</strong><strong></strong></p>
Authors: De Mattia Willy , Nardi Gianbattista 
Published: July 2020

The genus Tandonia Lessona & Pollonera, 1882 is represented along the Western Balkans by about 13 taxa, most of which are regional endemics. Recent collecting on the island of Brač (Croatia) has provided a single, fully grown specimen of a totally black slug. A careful investigation of the genital anatomy and body traits, reveal characteristic and unique morphological features which until now have never been observed in other representatives of the genus. Such results have led to the description of new species. Tandonia bolensis n. sp. is easily distinguishable by virtue of its genital features, the dummy-like penial-atrial papilla, and the long and partially spiral-convoluted, thorny spermatophore.
A Quake Quenching the Vela Pulsar
Authors: Bransgrove Ashley , Beloborodov Andrei M. , Levin Yuri 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The remarkable null pulse coincident with the 2016 glitch in Vela rotation indicates a dynamical event involving the crust and the magnetosphere of the neutron star. We propose that a crustal quake associated with the glitch strongly disturbed the Vela magnetosphere and thus interrupted its radio emission. We present the first global numerical simulations of a neutron starquake. Our code resolves the elasto-dynamics of the entire crust and follows the evolution of Alfvén waves excited in the magnetosphere. We observe Rayleigh surface waves propagating away from the epicenter of the quake, around the circumference of the crust—an instance of the so-called whispering gallery modes. The Rayleigh waves set the initial spatial scale of the magnetospheric disturbance. Once launched, the Aflvén waves bounce in the closed magnetosphere, become de-phased, and generate strong electric currents, capable of igniting electric discharge. Most likely, the discharge floods the magnetosphere with electron–positron plasma, quenching the radio emission. We find that the observed ∼0.2 s disturbance is consistent with the damping time of the crustal waves if the crust is magnetically coupled to the superconducting core of the neutron star. The quake is expected to produce a weak X-ray burst of short duration.
High-z Universe Probed via Lensing by QSOs (HULQ). I. Number Estimates of QSO–QSO and QSO–Galaxy Lenses
Authors: Taak Yoon Chan , Im Myungshin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is unclear how galaxies and their central supermassive black holes coevolve across cosmic time, especially for the nonlocal universe (z ≳ 0.5). The High-z Universe probed via Lensing by QSOs project proposes to utilize quasi-stellar object (QSO) host galaxies acting as gravitational lenses (QSO lenses) to investigate this topic. This paper focuses on the feasibility of this project, that is, whether sufficiently large numbers of QSO lenses are expected to be found in various concurrent and future imaging surveys. We find that ∼440 QSO lenses will reside in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide survey (HSC/Wide), which is expected to be the most prolific concurrent survey, with this number being boosted by one to two orders of magnitude (to ∼10,000) with upcoming surveys such as that conducted with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). We discuss several methods of how to study the redshift evolution of the

relation, which is a standout illustration of the coevolution. In addition, we demonstrate how the intimacy of lensed images to the bright deflector QSO for most systems will affect the detectability of QSO lenses. We estimate that only ∼82 and 900 will be detectable for HSC/Wide and LSST, respectively; the decrease is significant yet still yields an acceptable sample for the main objective. This decrease will be less of a problem for space-based imaging surveys, for their small point-spread function FWHMs will allow detections of lensed images lying relatively close to the deflector QSO, and thus unveil the less massive yet more numerous QSO hosts.
Le général et le particulier : théoriser la noblesse et produire des généalogies en Espagne, en France et en Angleterre au XVII e siècle
Authors: Pollet Camille 
Published: July 2020

Opérée par les chercheurs, la séparation de l’étude des opérations généalogiques de celle des pratiques de théorisation de la noblesse a le plus souvent laissé dans l’ombre les multiples liens entretenus par les deux types de production. Cet article, qui concerne les sociétés monarchiques d’Europe de l’Ouest, propose d’abord une typologie de ces interactions : la définition des preuves généalogiques dans les traités généraux sur les élites nobiliaires, la forme généalogique de l’histoire de la noblesse, les théorisations dans le péritexte des nobiliaires ou encore la fréquente identité des théoriciens et des généalogistes. Trois études de cas sont ensuite développées autour des figures de Bernabé Moreno de Vargas, de William Dugdale et de Claude François Ménestrier.
Shaping Alcohol Health Literacy: A Systematic Concept Analysis and Review
Authors: Okan Orkan , Rowlands Gill , Sykes Susie , Wills Jane 
Published: July 2020

Background:
This study uses an innovative methodology to understand the implications of applying the emerging concept of health literacy to other contexts using the example of alcohol.

Methods:
An evolutionary concept analysis combined with the principles and standards of the systematic review process enables a rigorous analysis of the conceptual representation of alcohol health literacy.

Key Results:
Alcohol health literacy includes a wide range of attributes that encompass many different health literacies beyond simply the capacity to understand alcohol-related harms and use that information in decision-making. Alcohol health literacy empowers people to understand alcohol marketing and messages and how alcohol information is distributed through social networks. It is an outcome of media-related alcohol education, and its consequences include health action skills and realistic expectancies of alcohol.

Discussion:

The focus on health literacy, which emphasizes not only individual skills but also draws attention to the social determinants of alcohol use and how alcohol health literacy is shaped by social networks and interactions, provides important lessons for alcohol health promotion interventions. Health literacy when applied to alcohol includes many different domains and the innovative method used here provides a framework to develop interventions that build health literacy in different contexts.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2020;4(1):e3–e20.]
Socio-economic determinants of agripreneurship choice among youths in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Umeh Nwabueze Gibson , Nwibo Simon Uguru , Nwofoke Christian , Igboji Chidi , Ezeh Ann Nnenna , Mbam Nwangele Boniface 
Published: July 2020

The study determined effects of socio-economic characteristics of the youths on agripreneurship choice. The study adopted a multistage sampling technique in eliciting data from one hundred and eighty youth agripreneurs using structured questionnaires. The study also employed percentage, mean and probit regression analysis statistics to realize the objectives. The result showed that about 60% of the youth agripreneurs in Ebonyi State, Nigeria were male who are within the mean active age of 27 years and earn a mean annual income of N77, 333 and average household size of five 5 persons. The agripreneurial choices made by most youths were; farm production (crop and livestock production), farm input supply, agro-processing, and marketing/distribution. Age, marital status, household size, education, annual income, source of capital and family agripreneurial history have strong significant effect on the agripreneurial choice among the youth. Agripreneurship education and training should be introduced at tri-aggregates levels of agribusiness to ensure capacity building among the youth for diverse agro-enterprises.Keywords: Farm production, agripreneurship choice
A holistic framework for addressing ‘safe’ sexting challenges in Kenya
Authors: Chege Simon Kihiu , Lumala Masibo 
Published: July 2020

This paper is based on analysis data arising from a study of sexting perspectives and experiences of college students in Kenya. The study reveals that young people harbour misconceptions about this form of sexual communication, and how to address its associated challenges and negative experiences. The authors use the empirical findings to suggest a framework that identifies seven constructs that critically analyse and describe how agents of socialization processes need to collaboratively work together in order to address the misconceptions, negative perceptions, and behaviors thereof. The proposed framework is conceptualized as a holistic approach with two interacting zones; information and knowledge, and actions, and sustainability. Further, the paper describes the extent to which suggested elements ought to work together to provide the youth with the right information, skills, and competencies required to address issues and challenges associated with sexting. In conclusion, the paper recommends strong guild responsibility and linkages of teachers, parents, and professional associations in the development of educational programmes, policies, and initiatives required to mold youth into responsible people regardless of the new communication technologies.
Keywords: sexting, youth, framework, communication, socialization
Engaging the disengaged: Examining the domestication of mobile telephony among older adults in Trans-Nzoia and Bungoma Counties in Western Kenya
Authors: Komen Leah Jerop 
Published: July 2020

The world is growing older. Considering the increasing number of older adults, it is imperative to consider how technology design can meet the needs and wants of these important user groups. Mobile phones offer great potential in improving quality of life for older adults in areas of, healthcare, independent living, communication and reduced isolation. There have been numerous studies on technology design for older adults (Fisk, Rogers, Charness, Czaja, & Sharit, 2004), but much of the work has focused on indoor and stationary applications such as desktop computers (Zajicek & Brewster, 2004). Although older people need support beyond stationary situations inside and outside their homes (Goodman, Brewster, & Gray, 2004), limited number of mobile functions are used by older adults due to high cost associated with mobile phones (Lee: 2007). Conversely, Nimrod (2015), argues older people use mobile phones extensively but little is known about relevant domestication processes involved and the extent to which older adults adopt and use mobile phones. This study interviewed 40 older retired civil servants aged 60 years and above in Western Kenya. Using domestication theory, this study examined the appropriation (Possession and ownership), Objectification (meaning and symbols), incorporation of mobile phones in older people’s everyday life and conversion (unintended uses) process of the domestication of mobile technology by the said group. Findings showed that mobile phones both enhanced closeness with their children and isolated them from them too. Majority felt mobile phones had become their ‘extended family members’ bringing the news of the world to them via mobile phone calls and texts. However, the small font size of texts and the fact that phones were getting smaller in size made it difficult to use. Their favourite mobile phone application was the mobile money locally dubbed Mpesa as they could now receive cash transfers from the government.
Key words: older adults, mpesa, isolation, connection, e-inclusion, domestication, Kenya
Perception of HIV/AIDS infection and its effect on condom use among the youth of Kenya’s Kibera Slum
Authors: Nganda Jeremiah M. , Komen Leah Jerop , Mbogoh Beatrice 
Published: July 2020

While studies have shown that the total number of new HIV / AIDS infections globally is on the decrease, many Sub Saharan countries continue to record high HIV prevalence. This is the case especially among the youth living in informal settlements such as Kibera slums in Kenya. Proper and consistent condom use has been presented as one of the best ways of preventing the transmission of HIV among the youth whereas abstinence has been found to be a challenge for the youth who are seen as sexually active. Though several behaviour change campaigns have been done in Kenya to promote the use of condoms among the youth, their uptake is still low (Coma, 2014). Consequently, this study sought to find out the factors were influencing condom use decisions among the youth. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour that links behaviour change to intention to perform behaviour greatly influenced by attitude, social norms and perceived behavioural control. Data for this quantitative study was collected through a questionnaire administered to 400 youths in Kibera and 356 were completed. Data collected were keyed into SPSS for analysis and presented in tables and graphs. Findings of the study revealed that many of the youth were sexually active (51 per cent) but were not using condoms. Their perception was that they were at no risk of infection (53.2 per cent). This perception of not being at risk impedes condom use among the youth hence the high HIV prevalence while another group felt that the free distributed condoms were of low quality. The study recommends that communicators, especially in this era of new media should tailor campaigns to address the perception of youth towards condoms. In addition, condom communication campaigns should link condom use to perception of risk of infection.
Key words: Condoms, HIV/AIDS, youth, perception, Kenya, Kibera