bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Chinese Propolis
Authors: Chi Yunyang , Luo Liping , Cui Meng , Hao Yingbin , Liu Tao , Huang Xueyong , Guo Xiali 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil of propolis (EOP) collected from 25 locations in China was investigated. Steam‐distillation extraction was used to extract the EOP, and chemical composition was identified by GC/MS. The antioxidant activities of EOP were also measured. The result showed that a total of 406 compounds were detected in EOP. The major compounds of Chinese EOP were cedrol, γ‐eudesmol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol, 3,4‐dimethoxystyrene and guaiol. Principal component analysis revealed the significant correlation between EOP compositions and their origins, and certain correlation was detected between EOP and their color. Linear discriminant analysis showed that 88 % and 84 % of the propolis samples were predicted correctly as the groupings identified by climatic zone and the color, respectively. Furthermore, the differences of antioxidant activities of EOP were significant. EOP of Shandong had the strongest antioxidant activities, whereas EOP of Guangdong, Yunnan and Hunan showed the poorest.
On the Mechanism of the Ruthenium‐catalyzed β‐methylation of Alcohols with Methanol
Authors: Kaithal Akash , Schmitz Marc , Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSelective β‐methylation of alcohols with methanol has been recently described using a catalytic system comprising the ruthenium pincer complex [RuH(CO)(BH4)(HN(C2H4PPh2)2)]‐(Ru‐MACHO‐BH) 1 and alcoholate bases as co‐catalysts.1 Here we present a detailed mechanistic analysis for the mono‐methylation of 1‐phenyl‐propane‐1‐ol 2 a as prototypical example. Several experimentally observed intermediates were localized as stable minima on the DFT‐derived energy surface of the entire reaction network. The ruthenium complex [Ru(H)2(CO)(HN(C2H4PPh2)2)] I was inferred as the active species catalyzing the de‐hydrogenation/re‐hydrogenation of substrates and intermediates (“hydrogen borrowing”). The hydrogen‐bonded alcohol adduct of this complex was identified as the lowest lying intermediate (TDI). The C−C bond formation results from a base‐catalyzed aldol reaction comprising the transition state with the highest energy (TDTS). Experimentally determined Gibbs free activation barriers of 26.1 kcal/mol and 26.0 kcal/mol in methanol and toluene as solvents, respectively, are reflected well by the computed energy span of the complex reaction network (29.2 kcal/mol).
Preparation of Hierarchical Porous Carbon from Wheat Bran for Free‐Standing Electrode of High Areal Capacitance Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Ying , Gao Hongpeng , Song Xiaolan , Kong Xiaodong , Xu Hongmei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is impressive that biomass gives out another option for carbon electrode fabrication in supercapacitors which has low cost and sustainable source. In this work, waste of wheat bran was used to synthesize porous carbon via alkali activation. Under mass ratio of NaOH/precursor as 4, the wheat bran carbon presented hierarchical hexagon pores with prominent surface area of 2562 m2 g−1. Utilizing two symmetrical free‐standing electrodes, the as‐prepared carbon exhibited gravimetric capacitance of 294.3 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and cyclic life of 94 % for 50,000 cycles at 2 A g−1, while commercial carbon showed 269.7 F g−1 and 75 % stability under the same condition. With large mass loading of 20 mg cm−2, the wheat bran carbon revealed superior areal capacitance of 3.08 F cm−2, and the value could still maintain as 2.80 F cm−2 over 10,000 cycles. Consequently, the wheat bran has been found as a promising precursor for advanced carbon electrode.
Automation of a Procedure for the Experimental Investigation of Liquid‐Liquid Phase Separation
Authors: Sibirtsev Stephan , Göbel Clara Berinike , Jupke Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOptimal design of a liquid‐liquid settler requires experimental investigation on phase separation behavior of the used material system under the same operating conditions as in the technical application. Performing these experiments and evaluating the obtained data is highly time‐consuming. To reduce manual effort, the procedure was largely automated. In this work, the experimental setup, the automated procedure, and its validation results at various operating temperatures are presented. The results show the suitability of the automated procedure and the influence of temperature on phase separation behavior of the liquid‐liquid system 1‐octanol/water.
Construction of FRET‐Based Off‐On Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Sensitive Detection of Intracellular Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Ping Jian‐tao , Qin Jing‐lei , Zhou Chao , Guo Lan‐ying , Liu Bei , Chen Zhi‐hua , Geng Zhao‐xin , Peng Hong‐shang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSinglet oxygen (1O2) detection remains an active area of research in the field of biological and biomedical science. In this work, we reported a novel Off‐On type FRET‐based fluorescent 1O2 nanoprobe comprising the energy‐donating conjugated polymer, poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl) (PFO), and the energy‐accepting 1O2 indicator, 3‐diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). Prior to the reaction with 1O2, the nanoprobe was in Off‐state because fluorescence of PFO (λem=441 nm) was completely quenched by loaded DPBF; in the presence of 1O2, it switched to On‐state due to the depletion of DPBF. The as‐prepared 1O2 nanoprobe had a particle size of ∼59 nm, good biocompatibility, high specificity and sensitivity with a limit of detection of 353 nM. Importantly, the fluorescent nanoprobes were highly sensitive to 1O2 under two‐photon excitation (λex=800 nm). Using a multiphoton confocal microscope, generation of intracellular 1O2 during photodynamic therapy was sensitively detected by recording fluorescence intensity of the nanoprobes.
Pre‐Carbonization: An Efficient Route to Improve the Textural and Gas Sorption Properties of Nitrogen‐Enriched Nanoporous Polytriazine
Authors: Chaudhary Monika , Mohanty Paritosh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn unprecedented approach to improve the CO2 capture capacity by heating nitrogen enriched nanoporous polytriazine (NENP‐1) below the carbonization (pre‐carbonization) temperature has been invented. The NENP‐1 heated at 350 °C for 2 h (assigned as NENP‐1‐350) in argon atmosphere has improved specific surface area (SABET) marginally from 840 (NENP‐1) to 880 m2 g−1 (NENP‐1‐350). However, there was a substantial increase in the CO2 capture capacity from 22.9 (NENP‐1) to 33.8 wt% (NENP‐1‐350) measured at 0 °C and 1 bar. Although, both the specimens have comparable SABET, the NENP‐1‐350 has larger pore volume of 1.10 cm3 g−1 (as compared to 0.71 cm3 g−1 in NENP‐1) and larger pore size distribution (PSD) along with the higher isosteric heat of adsorption that contributed for such a high CO2 capture capacity. Unlike the CO2 capture capacity in the NENP‐1‐350, there was only marginal increase in the hydrogen storage capacity from 2.30 to 2.47 wt% and methane sorption capacity from 1.8 to 1.9 wt% measured at −196 and 0 °C, respectively, as compared to the NENP‐1.
Protein Expression and Functional Relevance of Efflux and Uptake Drug Transporters at the Blood–Brain Barrier of Human Brain and Glioblastoma
Authors: Bao Xun , Wu Jianmei , Xie Youming , Kim Seongho , Michelhaugh Sharon , Jiang Jun , Mittal Sandeep , Sanai Nader , Li Jing 
Published: October 2019

The knowledge of transporter protein expression and function at the human blood–brain barrier (BBB) is critical to prediction of drug BBB penetration and design of strategies for improving drug delivery to the brain or brain tumor. This study determined absolute transporter protein abundances in isolated microvessels of human normal brain (N = 30), glioblastoma (N = 47), rat (N = 10) and mouse brain (N = 10), and cell membranes of MDCKII cell lines, using targeted proteomics. In glioblastoma microvessels, efflux transporters (ABCB1 and ABCG2), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), sodium–potassium pump (Na/K ATPase), and Claudin‐5 protein levels were significantly reduced, while large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) was increased and GLU3 remained the same, as compared with human normal brain microvessels. ABCC4, OATP1A2, OATP2B1, and OAT3 were undetectable in microvessels of both human brain and glioblastoma. Species difference in BBB transporter abundances was noted. Cellular permeability experiments and modeling simulations suggested that not a single apical uptake transporter but a vectorial transport system consisting of an apical uptake transporter and basolateral efflux mechanism was required for efficient delivery of poor transmembrane permeability drugs from the blood to brain.
An overlooked placode: Recharacterizing the papillae in the embryonic eye of reptilia
Authors: Drake Paige M. , Jourdeuil Karyn , Franz‐Odendaal Tamara A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe papillae in the chicken embryonic eye, described as scleral papillae in the well‐known Hamburger and Hamilton (1951) staging table, are one of the key anatomical features used to stage reptilian (including bird) embryos from HH30‐36. These papillae are epithelial thickenings of the conjunctiva and are situated above the mesenchymal sclera. Here, we present evidence that the conjunctival papillae, which are required for the induction and patterning of the underlying scleral ossicles, require epithelial pre‐patterning and have a placodal stage similar to other placode systems. We also suggest modifications to the Hamburger Hamilton staging criteria that incorporate this change in terminology (from “scleral” to “conjunctival” papillae) and provide a more detailed description of this anatomical feature that includes its placode stage. This enables a more complete and accurate description of chick embryo staging. The acknowledgment of a placode phase, which shares molecular and morphological features with other cutaneous placodes, will direct future research into the early inductive events leading to scleral ossicle formation.
Spatially resolved electrical impedance methods for cell and particle characterization
Authors: Schwarz Marvin , Jendrusch Michael , Constantinou Iordania 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectrical impedance is an established technique used for cell and particle characterization. The temporal and spectral resolution of electrical impedance have been used to resolve basic cell characteristics like size and type, as well as to determine cell viability and activity. Such electrical impedance measurements are typically performed across the entire sample volume and can only provide an overall indication concerning the properties and state of that sample. For the study of heterogeneous structures such as cell layers, biological tissue, or polydisperse particle mixtures, an overall measured impedance value can only provide limited information and can lead to data misinterpretation. For the investigation of localized sample properties in complex heterogeneous structures/mixtures, the addition of spatial resolution to impedance measurements is necessary. Several spatially resolved impedance measurement techniques have been developed and applied to cell and particle research, including electrical impedance tomography, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and microelectrode arrays. This review provides an overview of spatially resolved impedance measurement methods and assesses their applicability for cell and particle characterization.
Reach‐scale changes in channel geometry and dynamics due to the coastal backwater effect: the lower Trinity River, Texas
Authors: Smith Virginia , Mason Jasmine , Mohrig David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper we use multiple field surveys spanning several decades to systematically evaluate the geomorphic consequences of a change in flow hydraulics from uniform flow to backwater flow for the lower Trinity River in east Texas, USA. Spatial changes in lateral migration rate, channel geometry, and point bar size correspond to two distinct geomorphic zones. Within the upstream uniform flow reach, the river channel is defined by fully developed point bars and a high rate of lateral channel migration. This zone transitions where the median channel bottom elevation drops below sea level. At this point flow is affected by the backwater influence of the Trinity Bay water surface elevation, as opposed to being bed slope control dominated. The change in hydraulics within the backwater zone is reflected in the channel morphology, which is characterized by smaller point bars, narrower and more symmetrical cross‐sectional channel geometry, lower channel migration rates, and little to no bend deformation or cutoffs. Studying the connection between channel geometry, river bend kinematics, sediment transport, and fluid mechanics in each zone provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between channel shape and river mechanics. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensorimotor and pain‐related alterations of the gray matter and white matter in Type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Zhang Youming , Qu Minli , Yi Xiaoping , Zhuo Pei , Tang Jingyi , Chen Xin , Zhou Gaofeng , Hu Ping , Qiu Ting , Xing Wu , Mao Yitao , Chen Bihong T , Wu Jing , Zhang Yuanchao , Liao Weihua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has long been considered a disease of the peripheral nervous system, recent neuroimaging studies have shown that alterations in the central nervous system may play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Here, we used surface‐based morphometry (SBM) and tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) to investigate gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences between patients with DPN (n = 67, 44 painless and 23 painful) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 88). Compared with HCs, patients with DPN exhibited GM abnormalities in the pre‐ and postcentral gyrus and in several deep GM nuclei (caudate, putamen, medial pallidum, thalamus, and ventral nuclear). They also exhibited altered WM tracts (corticospinal tract, spinothalamic tract, and thalamocortical projecting fibers). These findings suggest impaired motor and somatosensory pathways in DPN. Further, patients with DPN (particularly painful DPN) exhibited morphological differences in the cingulate, insula, prefrontal cortex, and thalamus, as well as impaired WM integrity in periaqueductal WM and internal and external capsules. This suggests pain‐perception/modulation pathways are altered in painful DPN. Intermodal correlation analyses found that the morphological indices of the brain regions identified by the SBM analysis were significantly correlated with the fractional anisotropy of brain regions identified by the TBSS analysis, suggesting that the GM and WM alterations were tightly coupled. Overall, our study showed sensorimotor and pain‐related GM and WM alterations in patients with DPN, which might be involved in the development of DPN.
Role of regulatory miRNAs of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rahmani Farzad , Ziaeemehr Aghigh , Shahidsales Soodabeh , Gharib Masoumeh , Khazaei Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Ryzhikov Mikhail , Avan Amir , Hassanian Seyed M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignant human tumors with high morbidity worldwide. Aberrant activation of the oncogenic phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling is related to clinicopathological features of HCC. Emerging data revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) have prominent implications for regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism through targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. The recognition of the crucial role of miRNAs in hepatocarcinogenesis represents a promising area to identify novel anticancer therapeutics for HCC. The present study summarizes the major findings about the regulatory role of miRNAs in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pathogenesis of HCC.
Production and introduction of a novel immunotoxin based on engineered RNase A for inducing death to Her1‐positive cell lines
Authors: Forouharmehr Ali , Nassiri Mohammadreza , Ghovvati Roudsari Shahrokh , Javadmanesh Ali 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study was performed to design an immunotoxin consisting of engineered RNase A and scFv of Cetuximab. To accomplish this study goal, at first to evade RNase A from its inhibitors in the cytoplasm, six amino acids of RNase A were substituted, then the physicochemical features of engineered RNase A were assessed. To investigate the interaction between the engineered RNase A and the ribonuclease inhibitor, protein–protein docking was performed. After engineering the RNase A, it was theoretically conjugated with scFv of Cetuximab using a cleavable linker to produce scFv‐engineered RNase A. Then, wild‐RNase A (14 kD), engineered RNase A (14 kD) and scFv‐engineered RNase A (42 kDa) were expressed in the BL21 (DE3) strain of Escherichia coli and purified by Ni‐NTA columns. To confirm the expressed proteins, western blot analysis was performed. The functioning of wild‐RNase A and engineered RNase A were investigated by RNA fragmentation assay. Finally, to evaluate the cytotoxicity of scFv‐engineered RNase A, a dose–response cytotoxicity assay was performed on Her1‐positive and Her1‐negative cell lines. The results showed that engineered RNase A could maintain its structure and disulfide bonds and evade its inhibitor. Expression and purification were successfully conducted and both enzymes could degrade yeast RNA. The result of cytotoxicity showed that the engineered immunotoxin could induce cell death to Her1‐positive cell lines with an IC50 of 50 nM. It appears that scFv‐engineered RNase A can be a promising molecule for use.
circ‐016910 sponges miR‐574‐5p to regulate cell physiology and milk synthesis via MAPK and PI3K/AKT–mTOR pathways in GMECs
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Hou Jinxing , Zhang Meng , Seleh‐Zo Emeline , Wang Jiangang , Cao Binyun , An Xiaopeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncremental proofs demonstrate that miRNAs, the essential regulators of gene expression, are implicated in various biological procedures, including mammary development and milk synthesis. Here, the role of miR‐574‐5p in milk synthesis, apoptosis, and proliferation of goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) are explored without precedent, and the molecular mechanisms for the impacts are elucidated. Small RNA libraries were constructed using GMECs transfected with miR‐574‐5p mimics and negative control followed by sequencing via Solexa technology. Overall, 332 genes were distinguishingly expressed entre two libraries, with 74 genes upregulated and 258 genes downregulated. This approach revealed mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9 (MAP3K9), an upstream activator of MAPK signaling, as a differentially expressed unigene. miR‐574‐5p targeted seed sequences of the MAP3K9 3′‐untranslated region and suppressed its messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, correspondingly. GMECs with miR‐574‐5p overexpression and MAP3K9 inhibition showed increased cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation resulting from sustained suppression of MAPK pathways, while MAP3K9 elevation manifested the opposite results. miR‐574‐5p repressed the phosphorylation of members of protein kinase B (AKT)–mammalian target of rapamycin pathway via downregulating MAP3K9 and AKT3, resulting in reducing the secretion of β‐casein and triglycerides in GMECs. Finally, according to the constructed circular RNA (circRNA) libraries and bioinformatics prediction approach, we selected circ‐016910 and found it acted as a sponge for miR‐574‐5p and blocked its relevant behaviors to undertake biological effects in GMECs. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network facilitates further probes on the function of miR‐574‐5p in mammary development and milk synthesis.
15‐LOX‐1 has diverse roles in the resensitization of resistant cancer cell lines to doxorubicin
Authors: Kazan Hasan Huseyin , Urfali‐Mamatoglu Cagri , Yalcin Gizem Damla , Bulut Onur , Sezer Abdullah , Banerjee Sreeparna , Gunduz Ufuk 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of enzymes that can oxygenate polyunsaturated fatty acids. As a member of the family, 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LOX‐1) specifically metabolizes arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. 15‐LOX‐1 can affect physiological and pathophysiological events via regulation of the protein–lipid interactome, alterations in intracellular redox state and production of lipid metabolites that are involved in the induction and resolution of inflammation. Although several studies have shown that 15‐LOX‐1 has an antitumorigenic role in many different cancer models, including breast cancer, the role of the protein in cancer drug resistance has not been established yet. In this study, we, for the first time, aimed to show the potential role of 15‐LOX‐1 in acquired doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in MCF7 and HeLa cancer cell lines. Our results show that ALOX15 was transcriptionally downregulated in DOX‐resistant cells compared with their drug‐sensitive counterparts. Moreover, overexpression of ALOX15 in the drug‐resistant cells resulted in resensitization of those cells to DOX in a cell‐dependent manner. 15‐LOX‐1 expression could induce apoptosis by activating PPARγ and enhance the accumulation of DOX in drug‐resistant MCF7 cells by altering cellular motility properties, and membrane dynamics. However, HeLa DOX cells did not show any of these effects but were susceptible to cell death when treated with 13(S)‐HODE. These results underline the role and importance of 15‐LOX‐1 in cancer drug resistance, and points to novel mechanisms as a therapeutic approach to overcome cancer drug resistance.
Premature ovarian failure and tissue engineering
Authors: Ghahremani‐Nasab Maryam , Ghanbari Elham , Jahanbani Yalda , Mehdizadeh Amir , Yousefi Mehdi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPremature ovarian failure (POF) usually happens former to the age of 40 and affects the female physiological state premenopausal period. In this condition, ovaries stop working long before the expected menopausal time. Of diagnostic symptoms of the disease, one can mention amenorrhea and hypoestrogenism. The cause of POF in most cases is idiopathic; however, cancer therapy may also cause POF. Commonly utilized therapies such as hormone therapy, in‐vitro activation, and regenerative medicine are the most well‐known treatments for POF. Hence, these therapies may be associated with some complications. The aim of the present study is to discuss the beneficial effects of tissue engineering for fertility rehabilitation in patients with POF as a newly emerging therapy.