bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Into the bloom: Molecular response of pelagic tunicates to fluctuating food availability
Authors: Sordino Paolo , D'Aniello Salvatore , Pelletier Eric , Wincker Patrick , Nittoli Valeria , Stemmann Lars , Mazzocchi Maria Grazia , Lombard Fabien , Iudicone Daniele , Caputi Luigi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe planktonic tunicates appendicularians and thaliaceans are highly efficient filter feeders on a wide range of prey size including bacteria and have shorter generation times than any other marine grazers. These traits allow some tunicate species to reach high population densities and ensure their success in a favourable environment. However, there are still few studies focusing on which genes and gene pathways are associated with responses of pelagic tunicates to environmental variability. Herein, we present the effect of food availability increase on tunicate community and gene expression at the Marquesas Islands (South‐East Pacific Ocean). By using data from the Tara Oceans expedition, we show that changes in phytoplankton density and composition trigger the success of a dominant larvacean species (an undescribed appendicularian). Transcriptional signature to the autotroph bloom suggests key functions in specific physiological processes, i.e., energy metabolism, muscle contraction, membrane trafficking, and proteostasis. The relative abundance of reverse transcription‐related Pfams was lower at bloom conditions, suggesting a link with adaptive genetic diversity in tunicates in natural ecosystems. Downstream of the bloom, pelagic tunicates were outcompeted by copepods. Our work represents the first metaomics study of the biological effects of phytoplankton bloom on a key zooplankton taxon.
Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulator Lead Migration and Transection Adjacent to the Foramen Magnum: A Case Report
Authors: Padalia Devang , Kesayan Tigran , Martin Aaron J. , Shah Neal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a relatively safe therapy for the treatment of pain but has the potential for several complications, including lead migration and breakage. While instances of lead breakage and electrode shearing have been described, there are no reported cases of stimulator lead transection and migration to the foramen magnum.AimsWe describe the case of a 53‐year‐old woman who reported that her cervical spinal cord stimulator was no longer functioning after a traumatic fall.CaseFluoroscopy of the neck revealed that one of the MRI conditional leads had migrated cephalad, and the distal aspect appeared to be transected. This was confirmed by computerized tomography, which showed a transected portion of the lead in the epidural space, just inferior to the posterior aspect of the foramen magnum. An SCS device revision was performed to replace the lead, but the distal transected tip was left in place in the epidural space adjacent to the foramen magnum to avoid complications of retrieval.Discussion/ConclusionGiven the location of the transected portion of the lead, we recommended avoiding MRI imaging. In addition, we advised the patient that a repeat x‐ray may be necessary if she has increased neck pain or any other concerning symptoms. In this report, we discuss the known complications with SCS, as well as management of a retained lead fragment.
Survey of a nutrition management method for very low birthweight infants: Status before wide use of breast milk banks in Japan
Authors: Oikawa Kosuke , Sakurai Motoichiro , Murakawa Tetsuro , Kidokoro Reita , Nakano Yuya , Asai Hideyuki , Ochiai Hirotaka , Shirasawa Takako , Yoshimoto Takahiko , Minoura Akira , Kokaze Akatsuki , Mizuno Katsumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of breast‐feeding for very low birthweight (VLBW) infants has been pointed out. Some overseas studies suggested that the standardization of enteral nutrition (EN) leads to improved prognosis in VLBW infants. In Japan, however, physicians in charge of infants are responsible for making nutrition management decisions on an individual basis. We conducted an online survey to clarify the course of nutrition management of VLBW infants currently implemented in Japan.MethodsWe mailed a notice to 300 representative neonatologists throughout Japan requesting their participation in the online survey. On the survey website, neonatologists responded to questions regarding the nutritional strategy for five birthweight groups (less than 500 g, 500–749 g, 750–999 g, 1,000–1,249 g and 1,250–1,499 g).ResultsResponses were recieved from 137 neonatologists. The first choice for EN up to 1 week after birth was breast milk regardless of birthweight (92.0% for 1,250–1,499 g to 95.6% for 500–999 g). More than 30% of the respondents answered that they fast infants who weigh <750 g at birth or feed them with other mothers’ breast milk until their own mother’s milk becomes available. The lower the birthweight, the later EN is started, and the greater the number of days to establish EN.ConclusionThe lower the birthweight, the more difficult it is to feed infants their own mother’s milk and the later the EN is started. If donor milk is supplied in a stable manner, it takes fewer days to establish EN.
An empowerment program for family caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Yoon Heun Keung , Kim Gwang Suk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesFamily caregivers of people with dementia (PWD) often feel powerless and experience decreased well‐being. Our aim was to develop an intervention program based on the caregiver empowerment model (CEM) and apply it with the Korean caregivers to evaluate its effects.Design and SampleThe study population comprised 115 family caregivers (experimental group, n = 35, control group 1, n = 40, control group 2, n = 40).MethodsUsing an experimental design with two control groups. The experimental group received a 12‐week program including intensive counseling, education, and telephone calls. The control group 1 (CG1) received usual service. The control group 2 (CG2) was provided with a handbook during the first week. A mixed‐effects model was used to clarify longitudinal changes in participants' outcomes.ResultsThe experimental group showed significantly increased caregiving appraisal (effect size in CG1 = −7.25; CG2 = −5.63), caregiving attitude (CG1 = −21.47; CG2 = −17.79), self‐efficacy (CG1 = −12.42; CG2 = −10.12), and well‐being (CG1 = −4.33; CG2 = −2.35) after the program.ConclusionsThe empowerment program can be used to promote family caregivers' positive adaptation and to help caregivers who care for PWD to effectively cope with their problems.
Post Gondwana breakup evolution of the SE Australia rifted margin revisited
Authors: McMillan Malcolm , Gleadow Andrew , Kohn Barry , Seiler Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLow‐temperature thermochronology (LTT) is commonly used to investigate onshore records of continental rifting and geomorphic evolution of passive continental margins. The SE Australian passive margin, like many others, has an elevated plateau separated from the coastal plain by an erosional escarpment, presumed to originate through Cretaceous rifting prior to Tasman Sea seafloor spreading. Previous LTT studies have focused on reconciling thermal histories with development of the present‐day topography. New apatite LTT data along an escarpment‐to‐coast transect define a classic “boomerang” (mean track length vs. fission‐track age), indicating variable overprinting of late‐Palaeozoic cooling ages by a younger, mid‐Cretaceous cooling event. Regionally, however, the boomerang trend diverges NNW away from the coast and crosses the escarpment, implying the underlying thermal history pre‐dates escarpment formation and is largely independent from post‐breakup landscape evolution. We suggest that Cretaceous cooling might relate to erosion of Permo‐Triassic sedimentary cover from a formerly more extensive Sydney Basin.
EWSE and Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator Based Pitch Angle Control for Wind Turbine Systems Operating in Above-Rated Wind Speed Region
Authors: Jiao Xuguo , Yang Qinmin , Fan Bo , Chen Qi , Sun Yong , Wang Lin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As wind energy becomes a larger part of the world's energy portfolio, the control of wind turbines is still confronted with challenges including wind speed randomness and high system uncertainties. In this study, a novel pitch angle controller based on effective wind speed estimation (EWSE) and uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) is proposed for wind turbine systems (WTS) operating in above-rated wind speed region. The controller task is to maintain the WTS's generator power and rotor speed at their prescribed references, without measuring the wind speed information and accurate system model. This attempt also aims to bring a systematic solution to deal with different system characteristics over wide working range, including extreme and dynamic environmental conditions. First, support vector machine (SVR) based EWSE model is developed to estimate the effective wind speed in an online manner. Second, by integrating an UDE and EWSE model into the controller, highly turbulent and unpredictable dynamics introduced by wind speed and internal uncertainties is compensated. Rigid theoretical analysis guarantees the stability of the overall system. Finally, the performance of the novel pitch control scheme is testified via the professional Garrad Hassan (GH) bladed simulation platform with various working scenarios. The results reveal that the proposed approach achieves better performance in contrast to traditional L1 adaptive and proportional-integral (PI) pitch angle controllers.
Surrogate Modeling for Capacity Planning of Charging Station Equipped With PV and Hydropneumatic Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Yang , Dababneh Fadwa , Zhang Bei , Kassaee Saiid , Smith Brennan T. , Liu Xiaobing , M. Momen Ayyoub 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to the promising potential for environmental sustain-ability, there has been a significant increase of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) in the market. To support this increasing demand for EVs and PHEVs, challenges related to capacity planning and investment costs of public charging infrastructure must be addressed. Hence, in this paper, a capacity planning problem for EV charging stations is developed and aims to balance current capital investment costs and future operational revenue. The charging station considered in this work is assumed to be equipped with solar photovoltaic panel (PV) and an energy storage system which could be electric battery or the recently invented hydro-pneumatic energy storage (GLIDES, Ground-Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage) system. A co-optimization model that minimizes investment and operation cost is established to determine the global optimal solution while combining the capacity and operational decision making. The operational decision making considers EV mobility which is modeled as an Erlang-loss system. Meanwhile, stochastic programming is adopted to capture uncertainties from solar radiation and charging demand of the EV fleet. To provide a more general and computationally efficient model, main configuration parameters are sampled in the design space and then fixed in solving the co-optimization model. The model can be used to provide insights for charging station placement in different practical situations. The sampled parameters include: the total number of EV charging slots, the PV area, the maximum capacity of the energy storage system, and daily mean EV arrival number in the Erlang-loss system. Based on the sampled parameter combinations and its responses, black-box mappings are then constructed using surrogate models (RBF, Kriging etc). The effectiveness of proposed surrogate modeling approach is demonstrated in the numerical experiments.
Particle Lift Challenges and Solutions for Solid Particle Receiver Systems
Authors: Christian Joshua M. , Sment Jeremy , Ho Clifford K. , Haden Lonnie , Albrecht Kevin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Particle receiver systems require durable, reliable, and cost-effective particle transport equipment. These lifts are critical pieces of equipment to transport the particles from the heat exchanger back into the receiver. There are challenges that must be overcome with any particle lift device including high temperatures (800°C), particle load and friction, and erosion from particle contact. There are several options commercially available for particle systems including a screw-type vertical elevator, bucket lift vertical elevator, and skip-hoist-style bulk vertical lifts. Two of the elevator types (screw and bucket) have been tested at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) in Albuquerque, NM. The two elevators are currently in operation on the 1 MWth falling particle receiver at the Solar Tower. The screw-type elevator consists of a stationary internal screw with an outer casing that rotates about the screw. The frictional forces from the casing rotation drives the particles upward along the flights of the screw. The casing rotational velocity is variable which allows for mass flow rate control. Identified issues with the screw-type elevator include particle attrition, uneven loading at the inlet causes casing deflection, bearing deformation due to casing deformation, and motor stalling due to increased resistance on the casing. The SNL bucket elevator is rated for temperatures up to 600 °C and consists of steel buckets and a steel drive chain capable of lifting particles at a rate of 8 kg/s. Identified issues with the bucket type elevator include discrete (non-continuous) discharge of the particles and a non-adjustable flow rate. A skip hoist type elevator has been studied previously and seems like the most viable option on a large scale (50–100MWth power plant) with a non-continuous particle discharge. Different control scenarios were explored with the variable frequency drive of the screw-type elevator to use it as a particle-flow control device. The objective was to maintain the feed hopper inventory at a constant value for steady flow of particles through the receiver. The mass flow rate was controlled based on feedback from measurements of particle level (mass) inside the top hopper.
Intensity Distribution From a Single-Bulb Solar Simulator Identification Through Inverse Ray Tracing
Authors: Abuseada Mostafa , Ozalp Nesrin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Through the flux characterization of a high flux solar simulator, all directional information of the flux distribution is lost. Therefore, an experimental approach is necessary to restore the directional information. In this study, 13 heat flux maps were experimentally obtained from a 10 kWe Xenon arc solar simulator through an indirect flux mapping technique, implementing the use of one Lambertian target. The formulation of the inverse problem of experimentally determining the intensity distribution at the focal plane is presented. In addition, a Monte Carlo ray tracing in-house code modeling the Xenon arc is developed and used to generate the experimentally obtained flux maps and intensity at the focal plane to be used as a reference. Two intensity interpolation schemes were examined; a zeroth and first-order schemes. It is shown that a first order interpolation unnecessary complicates the inverse problem. The percentage error reduced from 90.9% to 82.6% when changing the interpolation scheme from a first to zeroth-order, in addition to a five times reduction in computational time. Furthermore, a new approach of constraining the formulated system of equations with an equality constraint that works by eliminating some of the intensity values that cannot be traced back to the ellipsoidal reflector is proposed. Therefore, it can be used as a technique to change the ill-conditioned problem to a well-conditioned one, without depending heavily on Tikhonov regularization methods. This new approach provided intensity values at the focal plane with a reduced percentage error from 52.2% to 30.4% for the zeroth-order interpolation scheme.
Academic Building Equipment Standardization for Sustainability
Authors: Manegdeg Ferdinand G. , Balbarona Juvy A. , Ibañez Roderaid T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The University of the Philippines is the Philippines’ national university. It is mandated to be the leader in innovation and research. The electricity consumption of the flagship campus, the University of the Philippines Diliman, rose from 13.97 GWh in 2006 to 15.26 GWh by 2015 [1]. The electricity consumption must be managed as the university desires more students to graduate, do progressive research and creative works, and produce quality extension services. An appropriate energy policy incorporating minimum equipment standards in procuring energy consuming devices is wanting. Standardization controls the varying energy demand of equipment without compromising the quality of services delivered.
The objective is to establish minimum equipment specification standards for university procurement. A framework for determining equipment standardization was developed, end-users’ need assessments and energy audits were conducted, equipment specifications were formulated, stakeholders were consulted, and equipment policy to ensure energy efficiency and sustainability were suggested.
The electricity consumption was primarily due to air-conditioning (55.3%) and lighting (26.3%). Electricity savings is attained by adopting a higher standards of air conditioning energy efficiency ratio (45%), and changing to light emitting diode for lights (31%) and for monitors (5%). It is recommended that usage profiling be conducted for all the buildings.
Effects of Trailing Edge Alterations on the Performance of a Small-Scale, Low-Solidity Tidal Turbine Blade Designed for Less Energetic Flows
Authors: Encarnacion Job Immanuel , Lavery Gavin , Ordoñez-Sanchez Stephanie , Johnstone Cameron 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Computer simulations aid in the design of any device. However, physical testing is still needed to validate these simulations and problems may arise if fabrication limits are not incorporated. This study was undertaken to quantify the losses in a low-solidity turbine rotor designed for less energetic flow. The blade was tested at a scale of 1m resulting in a blade length of 219mm. A 0.5mm minimum thickness fabrication limit was worked with by shifting all the points of the upper surface of the blade sections by 0.5mm at the 219mm scale introducing a huge distortion in each of the blade sections. Lift and drag characteristics of the distorted aerofoil are obtained via ANSYS Fluent and served as the corrected inputs for the BEM characterisation. It was found that the BEM predicts a reduced performance similar to the physical testing although it still over predicts the performance of the turbine. However, there is an agreement on the trend of the simulated performance and the physical testing in addition to the reduction of the variation between the two. Additional aerofoil alterations are studied to inform on future experimental designs. It was then found that out of the altered cases, shifting the upper surface by the required minimum thickness resulted in the best approximation of the simulated performance. This is far from acceptable as the variation between the ideal computer simulated case is too large to just incorporate corrections. Thus, an analysis is carried out using a 400mm scaled blade, thereby decreasing the distortion on each blade section. The results of the analysis show good agreement with the ideal section and minimal reduction in performance at about 5% less than the ideal.
A System Analysis of Pressurized Electrolysis for Compressed Hydrogen Production
Authors: Hamilton Ryan T. , McLarty Dustin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Renewable production of hydrogen offers a clean and sustainable replacement of fossil fuels. As an energy carrier hydrogen is compressed and stored at high pressures. Pressurized water electrolysis improves plant performance as hydrogen compression is an energy intensive process. This work analyzes hydrogen production over the temperature range of 100°C to 800°C and pressure range of 1 bar to 700 bar. The sensitivity of plant efficiency to hydrogen compression technology and waste heat recovery is investigated. This study reveals that a lower-heating-value electric energy efficiency of 84% can be achieved when pressurized electrolysis avoids the inefficiencies of hydrogen compression. With the availability of high-quality waste heat plant efficiency can reach 98% for a pipeline distribution scenario at 3MPa. When no waste heat is available plant efficiency is independent of electrolysis temperature. For hydrogen use in the transportation sector, pressurized supercritical water electrolysis at 800°C has the potential to improve plant efficiency by 14% from a baseline of non-pressurized electrolysis at 800°C.
Modeling the Thermal Performance of Falling Particle Receivers Subject to External Wind
Authors: Mills Brantley , Shaeffer Reid , Ho Clifford K. , Yue Lindsey 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Falling particle receivers (FPRs) are an important component of future falling particle concentrating solar power plants to enable next-generation energy generation. High thermal efficiencies in a FPR are required to high thermodynamic efficiencies of the system. External winds can significantly impact the thermal performance of cavity-type FPRs primarily through changing the air flow in and out of the aperture. A numerical parametric study is performed in this paper to quantify the effect of wind on the thermal performance of a FPR. Wind direction was found to be a significant parameter that can affect the receiver thermal efficiency. The particle mass flow rate did not significantly change the overall effect of wind on the receiver. The receiver efficiency was strong function of the particle diameter, but this was primarily a result of varying curtain opacity with different diameters and not from varying effects with wind. Finally, the model was used to demonstrate that receiver efficiencies of 90% were achievable under the assumption that the effect of wind/advective losses were mitigated.