bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turonian flint economy in the easternmost Magdalenian: new data from Stare Baraki, site 1 (eastern Poland)
Authors: Wiśniewski Tadeusz , Krajcarz Maciej T. , Standzikowski Karol 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagdalenian communities exploited mostly local and regional good-quality lithic raw materials. In south-eastern Poland, being the easternmost fringe of the Magdalenian range, Turonian grey flint had a particular importance. Outcrops of this raw material occur both at the west and at the east sides the Vistula River Gorge. The varieties from the eastern area (called here “eastern Turonian flint” or ETF) are common among inventories of the Magdalenian sites situated to west of the Vistula river. This fact points toward the frequent penetration of the ETF outcrop area by those societies. However, no Magdalenian sites were known directly from the ETF deposit area, and this gap in knowledge restricted further understanding of the character and diversity of Magdalenian activity there. Therefore, in this paper, we present the results of searching for Magdalenian sites within the ETF outcrop zone. Applied methodology included study of the archive archaeological materials, followed by detail survey and excavation of the selected site—Stare Baraki 1. This site documents a short stay or multiple stays of Magdalenian people, who were focused on Turonian flint knapping. Lithic inventory records collecting of several local flint varieties at the distance up to around 20 km from the site, followed by almost all stages of flint working. The material from Stare Baraki is the first known and currently the only trace of the Magdalenian people inside the zone of Turonian flint deposits on the right bank of the Vistula river. The study in Stare Baraki delivered new data for the reconstruction of territory exploitation strategies used in the easternmost Magdalenian.
The problem of Euler/Tarry revisited
Authors: Betten Dieter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe problem of Euler/Tarry concerning 36 officers can be formulated in mathematical terms: Can a latin square of order 6 have an orthogonal square, or equivalently, are there 6 pairwise disjoint transversals? This was first answered (in the negative) by Tarry (1900/01). We prove the following Theorem: If a latin square of order 6 admits a reflection, i. e. an automorphism of order two which fixes the main diagonal elementwise, then it has no orthogonal square. We list the 12 isomorphism types of latin squares of order 6 and see: they all admit such a reflection. So we get a solution of the Euler problem without the tedious task of tracing the transversals.
Multi‐chain Fudan‐CCDC model for COVID‐19 ‐‐ a revisit to Singapore’s case
Authors: Pan Hanshuang , Shao Nian , Yan Yue , Luo Xinyue , Wang Shufen , Ye Ling , Cheng Jin , Chen Wenbin 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCOVID‐19 has been impacting on the whole world critically and constantly since late December 2019. Rapidly increasing infections has raised intense worldwide attention. How to model the evolution of COVID‐19 effectively and efficiently is of great significance for prevention and control.MethodsWe propose the multi‐chain Fudan‐CCDC model based on the original single‐chain model in [Shao et al. 2020] to describe the evolution of COVID‐19 in Singapore. Multi‐chains can be considered as the superposition of several single chains with different characteristics. We identify the parameters of models by minimizing the penalty function.ResultsThe numerical simulation results exhibit the multi‐chain model performs well on data fitting. Though unsteady the increments are, they could still fall within the range of ±30% fluctuation from simulation results.ConclusionThe multi‐chain Fudan‐CCDC model provides an effective way to early detect the appearance of imported infectors and super spreaders and forecast a second outbreak. It can also explain the data from those countries where the single‐chain model shows deviation from the data.
Between Real World and Thought Experiment: Framing Moral Decision-Making in Self-Driving Car Dilemmas
Authors: Schäffner Vanessa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow should driverless vehicles respond to situations of unavoidable personal harm? This paper takes up the case of self-driving cars as a prominent example of algorithmic moral decision-making, an emergent type of morality that is evolving at a high pace in a digitised business world. As its main contribution, it juxtaposes dilemma decision situations relating to ethical crash algorithms for autonomous cars to two edge cases: the case of manually driven cars facing real-life, mundane accidents, on the one hand, and the dilemmatic situation in theoretically constructed trolley cases, on the other. The paper identifies analogies and disanalogies between the three cases with regard to decision makers, decision design, and decision outcomes. The findings are discussed from the angle of three perspectives: aspects where analogies could be found, those where the case of self-driving cars has turned out to lie in between both edge cases, and those where it entirely departs from either edge case. As a main result, the paper argues that manual driving as well as trolley cases are suitable points of reference for the issue of designing ethical crash algorithms only to a limited extent. Instead, a fundamental epistemic and conceptual divergence of dilemma decision situations in the context of self-driving cars and the used edge cases is substantiated. Finally, the areas of specific need for regulation on the road to introducing autonomous cars are pointed out and related thoughts are sketched through the lens of the humanistic paradigm.
Nano-black carbon (biochar) released from pyrogenic carbonaceous matter as a super suspending agent in water/soil environments
Authors: Lian Fei , Wang Zhenyu , Xing Baoshan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNano-black carbon (BC) is one of the most active fractions in the pyrogenic carbonaceous matter continuum. The majority of recent studies mainly focus on the role of nano-BC in the global carbon cycle. However, based on literature and our recent studies, we suggest that nano-BC may also serve as a super suspending agent, carrier, and redox mediator for sorbates during its migration from terrestrial to water bodies due to its unique properties such as high colloidal stability, strong sorption capacity, and high surface reactivity. The full implications of nano-BC in water/soil environments are far more than we expected. Thus, we call for more detailed investigations on the activity and reactivity of nano-BC in water/soil environments.
Marketing in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Hoekstra Janny C. , Leeflang Peter S. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe discuss the effects of COVID-19 on consumer behaviour and elaborate on the consequences of this disruption for marketing strategies and marketing policies. The crisis shows similarities with changes in consumer behaviour and the way marketing is carried out during economic downturns. However, it also displays characteristics which differ from downcycles, such as shifts in consumption between categories and the accelerated shift from offline to online behaviour. This is forced by the re-evaluation of life priorities by final consumers.
The Education-to-Work Transition of Young Rural–Urban Migrants in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Basnet Neha , Timmerman Margaretha C. , van der Linden Josje 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the experiences of youth transitioning from education to work, within the specific context of rural–urban migration in Nepal. This context is chosen as, compared to developed countries, experiences in developing ones have remained under-researched in the transition studies literature. The study is informed by a biographical research approach, using qualitative longitudinal life (hi)story methods, with a view to revealing local transition patterns and the life events influencing these. The study identifies four different patterns reflecting the education-to-work transitions of young rural–urban migrants in Nepal. These patterns encompass different pathways involving education, migration, work, and mandatory waiting periods. The analysis of these transition patterns highlights how migration for education and work from rural to urban settings, taken together with mandatory waiting periods, exerts key influence on the overall life trajectories of young rural–urban migrants in Nepal’s capital.
Sport participation may protect socioeconomically disadvantaged youths with refugee backgrounds from experiencing behavioral and emotional difficulties
Authors: O'Donnell Alexander W. , Stuart Jaimee , Barber Bonnie L. , Abkhezr Peyman 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionYouth with refugee backgrounds experience social and socioeconomic difficulties that arise following resettlement. Research has found that sport participation generally provides youth with a protective milieu that is especially beneficial for the most disadvantaged youth. Accordingly, the current study examines whether sport participation is related to positive psychosocial outcomes for resettled adolescent refugees, and if these effects are greater for those living in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.MethodData were from a large, nationally representative cohort of refugees recently resettled in Australia (Building New Life in Australia study, BNLA). Self‐reported social and emotional well‐being was collected from 415 youth who entered the country as refugees (Mage = 14.04, SD = 1.99) at three years post settlement were used.ResultsA moderated regression analysis indicated that refugee youth living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods who participated in sports reported significantly better outcomes compared to those refugee youth in economically similar neighborhoods who did not participate in sport. In contrast, refugee youth residing in more socioeconomically advantaged communities had better developmental outcomes, regardless of sport participation.ConclusionsSport participation is a protective factor for youth with refugee backgrounds. Community socioeconomic disadvantage moderates this relationship, whereby stronger effects were observed for adolescents in more disadvantaged communities. Protecting the most disadvantaged in our society is a human rights imperative, and the current study indicates that sport participation could contribute to these efforts among resettled refugee populations.
A Population-Based Study of Peyronie’s Disease in Turkey: Prevalence and Related Comorbidities
Authors: Kadioglu Ates , Dincer Murat , Salabas Emre , Culha Mehmet Gokhan , Akdere Hakan , Cilesiz Nusret Can 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Peyronie’s disease (PD) prevalence varies between 0.39% and 20% and studies on PD prevalence are limited.

Aim
This study aims to determine the prevalence of PD in males aged ≥30 years in Turkey and to evaluate etiological factors associated with it.

Methods
The study was conducted in 12 regions of Turkey according to the Eurostat Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 1 classification and included 1,208 patients. Survey questionnaires including questions about demographic features and basic health status as well as about diagnosis and etiology of PD were put forth to the volunteers who agreed to participate in the study. Diagnosis of probable PD was established by evaluating the questionnaires. Patients with a diagnosis of congenital penile curvature were excluded from the group with PD. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcome analyzed in this article was the prevalence rate of PD in Turkey and the associated comorbidities.

Results
The prevalence of PD was determined as 5.3%. The rates of participants with PD were found to be the highest in the 50–59 years group (27%) and in the North-East Region (20%). Compared with participants without PD, participants with PD were older (median: 52 interquartile range [41–64] vs 45 [37–55]; P &lt; .001) and the rates of smokers (73% vs 60.9%; P = .036) and those having diabetes mellitus (17.5% vs 9.2%; P = .045), hypertension (14.3% vs 6.9%; P = .041), and heart failure were higher (7.9% vs 2.5%; P = .027). Male with PD symptoms preferred their partners on top during sexual intercourse (15.2% vs 34.1%; P &lt; .001). This is the first study to evaluate premature ejaculation prevalence and related comorbidities with face-to-face interviews.

Conclusion
The prevalence of PD was 5.3% in Turkey. Besides advanced age, smoking, position of sexual intercourse, and presence of comorbidities especially diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart failure were the factors associated with PD prevalence.
A case report of late perforation at the site of jejuno-jejunal anastomosis after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Al Kandari Abdulwahab , Al Kandari Abdulrahman , Al Hendi Sarah , Al Ben Ali Sarah , Qasem Mohammad , Alyatama Khalifah 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most commonly performed weight-loss surgeries worldwide. Its common complications include bowel obstruction, anastomotic strictures, postoperative leak, dumping syndrome, nutritional complications, and venous thromboembolic events.

Presentation of case:
This report presents a case of perforation at the jejuno-jejunal (j-j) anastomosis, an extremely rare complication after laparoscopic RYGB surgery (LRYGBS), with an incidence reported to be under 1% in the literature. Potential causes noted from previous reports include distal obstruction, abscess formation, patient comorbidities, technical factors, and microbiological factors. A morbidly obese female patient underwent LRYGBS with an uneventful recovery. The patient presented 15 weeks postoperatively with a 2-day history of acute abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and peritoneal signs.

Discussion:
Following clinical and radiological evaluation, the patient underwent an exploratory laparoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of complications. In this case, laparoscopy was shifted to the open technique due to technical difficulties. A 1.5-cm perforation was identified at the site of the anastomosis and was repaired with absorbable sutures and a graham patch. The patient recovered uneventfully.

Conclusion:
Prompt recognition of symptoms and early intervention may reduce overall morbidity and mortality in similar cases. This report describes a case of a late perforation at the site of j-j anastomosis in an obese female. We also discuss the incidence, presentation, management, outcome, and possible causes of such complications.

Highlights
Medical Care During Mountain Rescue in King County, Washington, from 2004 to 2017
Authors: McDonough Miles J. , Feinstein Bryan A. , Webster Gabriel E. , Condino Anna E. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction Seattle Mountain Rescue (SMR) is a nonprofit, volunteer organization that provides mountain rescue services in King County, Washington. This study analyzed the medical care provided by SMR over 14 y to understand the challenges in patient care in the region and to perform data collection and monitoring. Methods A retrospective review of mission reports submitted from 2004 to 2017 was conducted. Date, location, demographics, activity, callout reason, chief complaint, treatments provided, extraction means, and helicopter utilization were analyzed. Data are presented as mean±SD, with range as appropriate, unless otherwise noted. Linear regression was used to estimate changes in mission volume over time. Results There were 552 missions involving 756 subjects during the study period. Mission totals increased by 4 (95% CI 2–6, P<0.001) per year. Four locations accounted for 38% of mission volume. Subject age was 36±18 y, and 59% of subjects were male. The most common activity leading to rescue was hiking (80%). Injuries or illness precipitated 58% of callouts, whereas lost, stranded, or overdue subjects comprised 40%. For subjects requiring medical treatment, 81% involved a traumatic injury, 64% were packaged in a litter, and 35% required splinting. Conclusions The frequency of mountain rescue missions in King County, Washington, has increased in the past 14 y, with traumatic injuries most frequently requiring medical care. Missing data were common in most categories, and nonstandardized reports challenged research efforts. This study provides a baseline for future research and data collection and adds to the literature regarding the medical care provided during mountain rescue incidents.
R v. Reeves Taylor (U.K. Sup. Ct.)
Authors: Walter Marguerite C. 
Published: November 2020

On November 13, 2019, the U.K. Supreme Court issued a judgment in R v. Reeves Taylor, holding that members of non-state armed groups may, under certain circumstances, qualify as “officials” for purposes of § 134(1) of the Criminal Justice Act of 1988 (CJA). The Court's decision and reasoning represent an important contribution to case law interpreting the scope of the UN Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) as concerns conduct by individuals who are not public officials at the time of the alleged abuse.
Small-Time smile for the multifactor volatility heston model
Authors: Ahn Dohyun , Kim Kyoung-Kuk , Kim Younghoon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe extend the existing small-time asymptotics for implied volatilities under the Heston stochastic volatility model to the multifactor volatility Heston model, which is also known as the Wishart multidimensional stochastic volatility model (WMSV). More explicitly, we show that the approaches taken in Forde and Jacquier (2009) and Forde, Jacqiuer and Lee (2012) are applicable to the WMSV model under mild conditions, and obtain explicit small-time expansions of implied volatilities.
On geometric and algebraic transience for block-structured Markov chains
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Li Wendi , Li Xiuqin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBlock-structured Markov chains model a large variety of queueing problems and have many important applications in various areas. Stability properties have been well investigated for these Markov chains. In this paper we will present transient properties for two specific types of block-structured Markov chains, including M/G/1 type and GI/M/1 type. Necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of system parameters are obtained for geometric transience and algebraic transience. Possible extensions of the results to continuous-time Markov chains are also included.
In ovo feeding of vitamin C regulates splenic development through purine nucleotide metabolism and induction of apoptosis in broiler chickens
Authors: Zhu Liqin , Wang Jian , Li Zhipeng , Ma Haiyan , Zhu Yufei , Yang Xiaojun , Yang Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNutrition in early life has a long-term influence on later health. In order to the explore effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C on splenic development, splenic metabolism and apoptosis were detected in embryo, adult chickens and in vitro. A total of 360 fertile eggs were selected and randomly assigned to control (CON) and vitamin C (VC) groups which were injected with saline and vitamin C on embryonic day 11, respectively. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes by transcriptome on embryonic day 19 suggested that purine nucleotide metabolism might be a potential pathway for the IOF of vitamin C to regulate spleen development. Additionally, the IOF of vitamin C significantly increased splenic vitamin C content on post-hatch day 21. Meanwhile, the splenic expression of adenosine deaminase, serine/threonine kinase 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was down-regulated, whereas the expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9 was up-regulated in the VC group. On post-hatch day 42, the IOF of vitamin C significantly down-regulated the splenic expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 and increased the mRNA level of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9. The IOF of vitamin C could regulate the expression of genes related to adenylate metabolism and increased the apoptosis rate in vitro, which is consistent with the result in vivo. In conclusion, the IOF of vitamin C regulated splenic development and maturation by affecting purine nucleotide metabolism pathway and promoting apoptosis.
Shifts towards overweight and double burden of malnutrition among socio-economically vulnerable children: a longitudinal ecological analysis of Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Silva Natanael de Jesus , Ribeiro-Silva Rita de Cássia , Rasella Davide , Alves Flávia Jôse Oliveira , Campello Tereza , Fiaccone Rosemeire Leovigildo , Barreto Maurício Lima 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the shifts and factors associated with different scenarios resulting from the prevalence of child stunting and overweight in Brazilian municipalities.Design:This is an ecological study using municipality-level panel data of stunting and overweight prevalence and socio-economic characteristics from 2008 to 2014. The municipalities were classified according to the WHO-UNICEF prevalence thresholds for stunting and overweight and were categorised into four nutritional scenarios: no burden (prevalence of stunting < 20 % and overweight < 10 %), stunting burden (prevalence of stunting ≥ 20 % and overweight < 10 %), overweight burden (prevalence of stunting < 20 % and overweight ≥ 10 %) and double burden (prevalence of stunting ≥ 20 % and overweight ≥ 10 %).Setting:Totally, 4443 Brazilian municipalities.Participants:Aggregated data of children under 5 years old enrolled in the Brazil’s conditional cash transfer programme (Bolsa Família).Results:A mean reduction from 14·2 % to 12·7 % in the prevalence of stunting and an increase from 17·2 % to 18·4 % in the prevalence of overweight were observed. The predominant scenarios were overweight burden and double burden. The odds of both scenarios increased with higher gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and decreased with higher unemployment rates. Stunting and double burden decreased with higher expected years of schooling, and stunting burden increased with household crowding.Conclusion:Our findings indicate an advanced nutrition transition stage in Brazil, associated mainly with municipal GDP per capita growth, which has contributed to increasing the burden of overweight alone or coexisting with stunting (double burden) among children in the most socio-economically vulnerable strata of the population.
Strain engineering of 2D semiconductors and graphene: from strain fields to band-structure tuning and photonic applications
Authors: Peng Zhiwei , Chen Xiaolin , Fan Yulong , Srolovitz David J. , Lei Dangyuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and graphene compose a new family of crystalline materials with atomic thicknesses and exotic mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. Due to their inherent exceptional mechanical flexibility and strength, these 2D materials provide an ideal platform for strain engineering, enabling versatile modulation and significant enhancement of their optical properties. For instance, recent theoretical and experimental investigations have demonstrated flexible control over their electronic states via application of external strains, such as uniaxial strain and biaxial strain. Meanwhile, many nondestructive optical measurement methods, typically including absorption, reflectance, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopies, can be readily exploited to quantitatively determine strain-engineered optical properties. This review begins with an introduction to the macroscopic theory of crystal elasticity and microscopic effective low-energy Hamiltonians coupled with strain fields, and then summarizes recent advances in strain-induced optical responses of 2D TMDCs and graphene, followed by the strain engineering techniques. It concludes with exciting applications associated with strained 2D materials, discussions on existing open questions, and an outlook on this intriguing emerging field.