bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outdoor light at night and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the NIH‐AARP diet and health study
Authors: Xiao Qian , James Peter , Breheny Patrick , Jia Peng , Park Yikyung , Zhang Dong , Fisher Jared A. , Ward Mary H. , Jones Rena R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCircadian disruption may play a role in breast carcinogenesis. Previous studies reported relationships between outdoor light at night (LAN) and the breast cancer risk, but their findings are mixed. There is also a need to examine LAN and breast cancer incidence according to different individual and environmental characteristics to identify subpopulations at greater risk associated with LAN exposure. We studied residential outdoor LAN estimated from satellite imagery at baseline (1996) in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer incidence over ~16 years of follow‐up in 186 981 postmenopausal women including 12 318 incident postmenopausal breast cancer cases in the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and two‐sided 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the relationship between quintiles of LAN and postmenopausal breast cancer risk, overall and by hormone receptor status and cancer stage. We found that when compared to women in the lowest quintile of baseline LAN, those in the highest quintile had a 10% increase in postmenopausal breast cancer risk (HR (95% CI), 1.10 (1.02, 1.18), P‐trend, .002). The association appeared to be stronger for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (1.12 [1.02, 1.24], .007) than for ER‐negative cancer (1.07 [0.85, 1.34], .66). Our findings also suggested that the relationship between LAN and breast cancer risk may differ by individual characteristics, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, sleep duration and BMI, and neighborhood environment. In conclusion, our study suggests that higher outdoor LAN exposure may be a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer.
In vitro evaluation of the metabolic stability of nine fragrance chemicals in trout and human hepatocytes
Authors: Weeks John , Li Albert P. , Doshi Utkarsh , Johanning Karla , Guiney Patrick D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn vitro metabolic stability of nine fragrance chemicals: p‐tolyl acetate, cashmeran, ethylene brassylate, celestolide, galaxolide, traseolide, ambretone, tonalide and pentadecanolide, was evaluated in trout and human hepatocytes. The compounds were incubated with trout hepatocytes at 12°C and human hepatocytes at 37°C. Quantification of compound disappearance with time was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. in vivo hepatic intrinsic clearance values were calculated from the in vitro data. Significant metabolism was observed with trout hepatocytes for five of the nine fragrance chemicals, while all nine were metabolized significantly with human hepatocytes. Previously published models were used to examine expected bioaccumulation and persistence in whole organisms. Calculated half‐lives due to metabolism of the nine chemicals are significantly shorter for humans than trout: <1 hour and <1 day, respectively. For all chemicals with demonstrated hepatic metabolism, the models indicate a lack of accumulation. For those where metabolism was demonstrated in trout, calculated bioconcentration factors would not be classified as bioaccumulative under prevailing regulatory systems.
Biomaterials functionalized with nanoclusters of integrin‐ and syndecan‐binding ligands improve cell adhesion and mechanosensing under shear flow conditions
Authors: Karimi Fatemeh , Thombare Varsha Jagannath , Hutton Craig A. , O'Connor Andrea J. , Qiao Greg G. , Heath Daniel E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe have engineered biomaterials that display nanoclusters of ligands that bind both integrin and syndecan‐4 cell receptors. These surfaces regulate cell behaviors under static conditions including adhesion, spreading, actin stress fiber formation, and migration. The syndecan‐4 receptors are also critical mediators of cellular mechanotransduction. In this contribution we assess whether this novel class of materials can regulate the response of cells to applied mechanical stimulation, using the shear stress imparted by laminar fluid flow as a model stimulus. Specifically, we assess endothelial cell detachment due to flow, cell alignment due to flow, and cell adhesion from the flowing fluid. A high degree of cell retention was observed on surfaces containing integrin‐binding ligands or a mixed population of integrin‐ and syndecan‐binding ligands. However, the presence of both ligand types was necessary for the cells to align in the direction of flow. These results imply that integrin engagement is necessary for adhesion strength, but engagement of both receptor types aids in appropriate mechanotransduction. Additionally, it was found that surfaces functionalized with both ligand types were able to scavenge a larger number of cells from flow, and to do so at a faster rate, compared to surfaces functionalized with only integrin‐ or syndecan‐binding ligands. These results show that interfaces functionalized with both integrin‐ and syndecan‐binding ligands regulate a significant range of biophysical cell behaviors in response to shear stress.
Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of human iris color: A comprehensive review
Authors: Dorgaleleh Saeed , Naghipoor Karim , Barahouie Ahmad , Dastaviz Farzad , Oladnabi Morteza 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEye color is determined as a polymorphism and polygenic trait. Brown is the most common eye color in the world, accounting for about 79%, blue eye color for about 8–10%, hazel for 5%, and green for 2%. Rare‐colored eyes include gray and red/violet. Different factors are involved in determining eye color. The two most important factors are the iris pigment and the way light is scattered from the iris. Gene expression determines the iris pigmentation and how much melanin is present in the eye, which is the number of melanin subunits that identify eye color. The genes involved in the pigmentation of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) have a significant role; and even some genes are included only in the eye color through SNP. MicroRNAs also affect melanocyte synthesis, which is usually affected by the downregulation of essential genes involved in pigmentation. In this study, we assess the biochemical pathways of melanin synthesis, and the role of each gene in this pathway also has been examined in the signaling pathway that stimulates melanin synthesis.
COVID‐19 patients benefit from early antiviral treatment: A comparative, retrospective study
Authors: Yu Ting , Tian Chunxia , Chu Si , Zhou Haifeng , Zhang Zili , Luo Shanshan , Hu Desheng , Fan Heng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, started in December 2019, Wuhan, China. We aimed to figure out the time‐point and duration of using antiviral drugs for receiving the maximal effects in patients with COVID‐19. In this study, we enrolled 129 confirmed COVID‐19 mild to moderate patients who had been treated with antiviral drugs during their hospitalization in Wuhan Union Hospital China. The patients were divided into an early antiviral treatment group and late antiviral treatment group. The demographic data, laboratory tests, the virus clearance time, chest computed tomography scans, and so forth were extracted, calculated, and compared between two groups. Our data showed that the median time from illness onset to initiation of antiviral treatment was 6 days in all patients. The group with early antiviral treatment demonstrated 7 days shorter in the virus clearance time when compared to the group with late antiviral treatment. After virus clearance, the group with early antiviral treatment showed milder illness than the group with late antiviral treatment. Early antiviral treatment could effectively shorten the virus clearance time, and prevent the rapid progression of COVID‐19. Therefore, the COVID‐19 patients should receive combined therapies with antiviral treatment at an early stage.
Large‐signal behavioral model for radio frequency power transistors based on modified canonical sectionwise piecewise‐linear functions
Authors: Cai Jialin , King Justin , Liu Jun , Wang Jianhua , Sun Lingling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel, large‐signal behavioral modeling methodology for radio frequency power transistors, based on the modified canonical sectionwise piecewise‐linear (CSWPL) functions, is presented in this article. The basic theory of the proposed model is provided. Compared with the existing standard CSWPL model, the proposed model provides superior prediction capabilities for a reasonable increase in model complexity. Model verification is performed through comparisons with simulated and experimental data of a 10 W GaN HEMT device at mild and severe mismatch conditions, across a wide range of input power levels. The models can predict, more accurately, both the fundamental and the second harmonic scattered waves compared with the standard CSWPL model.
T2* mapping in an equine articular groove model: Visualizing changes in collagen orientation
Authors: Brinkhof Sander , te Moller Nikae , Froeling Martijn , Brommer Harold , van Weeren René , Ito Keita , Klomp Dennis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractT2* mapping is promising for the evaluation of articular cartilage collagen. In this work, a groove model in a large animal is used as a model for posttraumatic arthritis. We hypothesized that T2* mapping could be employed to differentiate between healthy and (subtly) damaged cartilage. Eight carpal joints were obtained from four adult Shetland ponies that had been included in the groove study. In this model, grooves were surgically created on the proximal articular surface of the intermediate carpal bone (radiocarpal joint) and the radial facet of the third carpal bone (middle carpal joint) by either coarse disruption or sharp incision. After 9 months, T2* mapping of the entire carpal joint was carried out on a 7.0‐T whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner by means of a gradient echo multi‐echo sequence. Afterwards, assessment of collagen orientation was carried out based on Picrosirius Red‐stained histological sections, visualized by polarized light microscopy (PLM). The average T2* relaxation time in grooved samples was lower than in contralateral control sites. Opposite to the grooved areas, the “kissing sites” had a higher average T2* relaxation time than the grooved sites. PLM showed mild changes in orientation of the collagen fibers, particularly around blunt grooves. This work shows that T2* relaxation times are different in healthy cartilage vs (early) damaged cartilage, as induced by the equine groove model. Additionally, the average T2* relaxation times are different in kissing lesions vs the grooved sites.
Flattening the curve in oncologic surgery: Impact of Covid‐19 on surgery at tertiary care cancer center
Authors: Chang Edward I. , Liu Jesse Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionCovid‐19 has ushered in drastic changes to the healthcare system in order to “flatten the curve”; in particular, surgical operations that can consume vital, limited resources, not to mention the risk to staff, anesthesiologists, and surgeons. However, under unique circumstances with diligent preparation, vital oncologic operations can be performed safely.MethodsProspective comparison of surgical cases during the pandemic from December 2019 to May 2020 to the correlating time frame from December 2018 to May 2019.ResultsA significant decline in case volume was not appreciated until the United States declared a national state of emergency, allowing patients with cancer to continue to undergo curative tumor resection until then (428.3 ± 51.5 vs 166.6 ± 59.8 cases/week; P < .001). The decrease was consistent with the mean case volume during the holidays (213.8 ± 76.8 vs 166.6 ± 59.8 case/week; P = .648). Evaluation of surgical subspecialties demonstrated a significant decrease for all subspecialties with the greatest decline in sarcoma (P = .002) and endocrine (P = .001) surgeries, while vascular (P = .004) and thoracic (P = .011) surgeries had the least.ConclusionsThe novel coronavirus has drastically reduced oncologic operations, but with proper evaluation of patients and allocation of resources, surgery can be performed safely without compromising the aim to flatten the curve and control the coronavirus pandemic.
An unfitted mesh semi‐implicit coupling scheme for fluid‐structure interaction with immersed solids
Authors: Fernández Miguel A. , Gerosa Fannie M. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryUnfitted mesh finite element approximations of immersed incompressible fluid‐structure interaction problems which efficiently avoid strong coupling without compromising stability and accuracy are rare in the literature. Moreover, most of the existing approaches introduce additional unknowns or are limited by penalty terms which yield ill‐conditioning issues. In this paper, we introduce a new unfitted mesh semi‐implicit coupling scheme which avoids these issues. To this purpose, we provide a consistent generalization of the projection based semi‐implicit coupling paradigm of (Int. J. Num. Meth. Engg., 69(4):794‐821, 2007) to the unfitted mesh Nitsche‐extended‐FEM framework.
The million dollar donor journey: Stages of development for high‐net‐worth women donors
Authors: Dale Elizabeth J. , O'Connor Heather A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMost charitable giving research focuses on individual donors at a specific point in time and uses quantitative surveys with limited data about donors' experiences. This study uses reflective interviews to examine the life trajectories of a cohort of women donors who have made gifts of $1 million or more to causes that benefit women and girls. By drawing from developmental psychology, we illustrate the iterative process of learning about giving—shaped by life experiences—that comprise the journey to becoming a million‐dollar donor. We find that, in their journeys toward making their million‐dollar commitment, women donors followed a shared trajectory with distinct stages and prompts for progression. Our findings provide guidance for fundraising professionals to recognize the stages of a potential donor's readiness to give and to facilitate progression in the journey, thus increasing the potential for more large‐scale gift commitments in the future and deepening the donor–fundraiser relationship.
Qualitative and quantitative determination of steroidal saponins in Trillium govanianum by UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS and UHPLC‐ELSD
Authors: Singh Prithvi Pal , Bora Prateek Singh , Suresh Patil Shivprasad , Bhatt Vinod , Sharma Upendra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionTrillium govanianum (Nag Chhatri and Teen Patra) is traditionally used for curing joint pains, wounds, and sexual disorders. Steroidal saponins are the main active components of this species. However, only a small amount of information is available about steroidal saponins of this plant.ObjectiveTo develop an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS) and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐evaporative light scattering detector (UHPLC‐ELSD) methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of steroidal saponins in T. govanianum.MethodThe dried rhizomes of T. govanianum (100 mg) were extracted with ethanol–water (80:20, 10 mL) by ultrasonic treatment for 30 min at 40°C. The prepared sample was analysed by UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS and UHPLC‐ELSD for the qualitative and quantitative determination of steroidal saponins.ResultA total of 24 saponins were identified using UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS; seven of them were characterised by comparing with standards. Furthermore, five saponins [govanoside B (2), protodioscin (6), pennogenin tetraglycosides (11), borassoside E (21) and borassoside D (24)] were quantified using UHPLC‐ELSD method in different extracts and fractions of T. govanianum. The method showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.993), limit of detection (0.92–4.09 μg/mL), limit of quantification (3.1–13.5 μg/mL), precision [intra‐day relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 4.3% and inter‐day RSDs < 5.5%], and accuracy (84.0–110.3%). This is the first report on the quantification of 2, 6, 11, 21 and 24 in T. govanianum.ConclusionThe present study provides an efficient analytical method for the identification and quantification of steroidal saponins and will be helpful for the quality evaluation of T. govanianum.
Resolving governance disputes in communities: A study of software license decisions
Authors: He Vivianna Fang , Puranam Phanish , Shrestha Yash Raj , von Krogh Georg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch summaryResolving governance disputes is of vital importance for communities. Gathering data from GitHub communities, we employ hybrid inductive methods to study discussions around initiation and change of software licenses—a fundamental and potentially contentious governance issue. First, we apply machine learning algorithms toidentifyrobust patterns in data: resolution is more likely in larger discussion groups and in projects without a license compared to those with a license. Second, we analyze textual data toexplainthe causal mechanisms underpinning these patterns. The resulting theory highlights the group process (reflective agency switches disputes from bargaining to problem solving) and group property (preference alignment over attributes) that are both necessary for the resolution of governance disputes, contributing to the literature on community governance.Managerial summaryOnline communities play an increasingly important role in how companies innovate across organizational boundaries and attract talent across geographic locations. However, online communities are no Utopia; disputes abound even (more) when we collaborate virtually. In particular, governance disputes can threaten the functioning and existence of online communities. Our study suggests that governance disputes in online communities either unfold as bargaining over which solution is better or searching for a satisfactory solution. The latter is more likely to reach a resolution, when there is common ground. Companies interested in leveraging the power of online communities should (a) identify or train certain participants to transform endless bargaining into collective problem solving and (b) foster shared knowledge and value basis among participants through recruitment and strong organizational culture.
Stakeholder engagement strategies, national institutions, and firm performance: A configurational perspective
Authors: Gupta Kamini , Crilly Donal , Greckhamer Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch summaryResearch documents the performance effects of attending to shareholders and treating employees well but underplays national differences in the relative power of labor and capital. We advance a configurational perspective that acknowledges the fit between stakeholder engagement, context, firm attributes and performance. As a cornerstone of this perspective, we develop a typology of stakeholder engagement strategies expressing how firms navigate the tension between conforming with local expectations—by prioritizing shareholders or employees, according to context—and being distinctive—by diverging from their peers. Analyzing a cross‐national sample of firms from 2004 to 2011, we identify combinations of engagement strategies, firm attributes, and contexts linked to high performance. Our findings highlight the multiple context‐dependent paths, which link stakeholder engagement to high firm performance.Managerial summaryHow do firms navigate pressures from shareholders and employees across different institutional environments? We develop a typology of stakeholder engagement strategies based on how firms in different countries strike a balance between conformity (i.e., prioritizing locally important stakeholders) and differentiation (i.e., prioritizing stakeholders that their local peers might neglect). Our findings show that the engagement strategies associated with high performance vary according to local institutional context and firm characteristics. In particular, by not merely prioritizing stakeholders who are already locally important, firms can use stakeholder engagement to differentiate themselves from their peers, and such engagement strategies are often linked to high performance.
Thermal, Morphological, and Functional Characterization of Gros Michel Banana Starch Modified with Octenyl Succinic Anhydride
Authors: Quintero‐Castaño Víctor D. , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. , Álvarez‐Barreto Cristina I. , Castellanos‐Galeano Francisco J. , Rodríguez‐García Mario E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBanana is a food crop produced extensively in Colombia for fresh consumption. This fruit in the green state has a large amount of starch, which—unlike other Musaceae—has a small granule size that makes it attractive for use in the food industry. This work characterizes physicochemically, morphologically, structurally, and functionally isolated and modified starches from Gros Michel banana. This characterization uses techniques like SEM, XRD, FTIR, DSC, RVA, and HPLC. The results show a morphological change, given that the granules display superficial adherence of small masses. The IR spectra shows molecular vibrations in the modified starch at 1578 and 1745 cm−1; the X‐ray diffraction patterns show alteration of the 3D starch structure, given that it changes in large proportion from a hexagonal to a monoclinic conformation after the modification. The maximum viscosities obtained via RVA change from 1380 cP for the isolated starch to 1247 cP for the modified starch. The amylopectin/amylose ratio is altered after the modification, going from 75/25 to 87/13. Modified starches are a viable alternative for use in the food industry as additives to stabilize emulsions that do not need high processing temperatures.
Neuroprotective role of Nrf2 on hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice
Authors: Zhang Wei , Dong Xiujuan , Dou Sumian , Yang Long 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in mediating the pathophysiology of hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) brain injury. Nrf2 is a transcriptional factor that contributes to the innate defense of the body against oxidative stress and inflammation. The current study investigated the effect of Nrf2 in neonatal HI brain injury using Nrf2−/− mice. Nrf2−/− and wild‐type Nrf2+/+ mice on a C57BL/6J background at postnatal day 9 underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation, followed by hypoxia. Brain damage was determined by infarct size measurement. Apoptosis was evaluated by measuring the expression of Bax and Bcl‐2. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators involved in oxidative stress were measured. Nrf2 knockout exacerbated HI injury‐induced brain infarct and cell apoptosis in the brain. Nrf2−/− mice showed increased inflammatory cytokines and MDA, and reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, GSH‐Px, and SOD. Nrf2−/− mice showed reduced HO‐1 expression after HI injury compared with wild‐type mice. This study supported a protective effect of Nrf2 in neonatal HI brain injury.