bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of thermal radiation distribution of large-scale crude oil storage tank
Authors: Zhou Feng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
When the fire of a large-scale crude oil storage tank occurs, the fire source will emit large heat radiation which can induce not only serious economic losses, but also casualties. This paper investigated the influence of full-surface fire occurring in a crude oil storage tank on the adjacent tanks by numerical simulation based on the fire dynamic simulation software (FDS). Firstly, the combustion model of 105 m3 crude oil storage tank was constructed to reproduce the evolution behavior of the flame and smoke after the fire of the storage tank. The distributions of temperature and heat radiation value of adjacent storage tanks of crude oil storage tank were analyzed. The results show that a warning line with a radius of 57.77 m should be established to reduce the personnel and equipment damage caused by heat radiation when a full-surface fire occurs in the storage tank. This research can provide a technical basis and decisionmaking reference for the check computation of the fire-fighting capacity of fixed fire- fighting facilities, tactical arrangements of fire-fighting and rescue, and emergency rescue.
Distribution characteristics of soil moisture of small watershed in gully catchment of the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Dong Qiguang , Han Jichang , Luo Lintao , Wang Huanyuan , Lei Na , Liu Zhe , He Jing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The temporal dynamics and spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in typical slope and gully of Jiulongquangou small watershed were studied in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau of China. The average soil water content of each slope position showed a wave shape with time, and the change trend was: decreasing, increasing, decreasing and increasing. Due to the catchment in the gully, the average soil water content is the largest in the gully, and it changes more with the seasons. The profile soil moisture content characteristics at various slope positions are increased with the soil depth increasing, and the spatial variability of average soil water content in each layer depth is slightly reduced. The spatial variability of soils in different layers under different slopes is slightly fluctuating. However, due to the recharge of interflow and the consumption of roots, there is a large variability in the middle level of the gully and foot of slope, indicating that the interflow in the study area is a factor that must be considered. On the whole, in the small watershed of the gully region of the Loess Plateau, the topographic conditions affect the distribution characteristics of soil moisture, and the gully has obvious water collecting effect.
Crustal Movement Characteristics in the North-eastern Region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Based on GPS reference station
Authors: Ma Haiping , Wu Yanqiang , Feng Jiangang , Li Xiaofeng , Xu Hui , Wang Qian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To discuss the crustal movement characteristics in the northeastern region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the crustal deformation state and the annual movement rate of the GPS continuous baseline time series between the station in the stable blocks and the stations inter the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are calculated based on the GPS data observed by the continuous stations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas since 1999. The results demonstrate that the compression and shortening movements between the Qilianshan block, the Qaidam block, the Bayan Har block and the two rigid blocks, Alxa block and the Ordos block, are relatively strong. However, the extension or compression rate between the two rigid blocks and the Qilianshan seismic belt, the Longzhong basin tectonic region and the South China block is quite small. It is indicated that the compressed or extended movement between the suture zone of the two blocks and the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is small. It is illustrated that certain strain energy may accumulate in the region and have a relatively high potential for strong earthquakes.
Surface Deformation over Permafrost Environment of the Tanggula Section in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Using Active Microwave Spectral Imagines
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Yue Guangyang , Wu Xiaodong , Zhang Wen , Song Xuelian , Wang Puchang , Wu Jiahai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Changes of permafrost and the active layer affect geophysical process, water circulation, biological diversity and carbon storage. The monitoring of ground surface deformations is crucial and necessary to estimate the degradation of permafrost environment. In this study, the ground motions of the Tanggula section in the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau (QTP), a region with limited in situ measurements at spatial scale, have been investigated by the small baseline SAR interferometry (SBAS-InSAR). In total, 17 C-band ENVISAT ASAR images (acquired from January 1, 2009 to August 19, 2010) were employed. The results show that the ground surface motion was primarily in the range of – 7.6 mm per year to 6.7 mm per year, and the correlation coefficients and the P-values between deformations and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperatures (LSTs) were ranged from -0.24 to -0.47 and from 0.09 to 0.41, respectively. And the precision file of the surface displacement rates map is showed that the estimated displacement velocity is reliable. Our study has observed that the majority of ground surface (approximately 70%) was relatively stable in the study period with displacements in the range of -2 mm per year to 2 mm per year and the ground subsidence is larger than the ground heave, implying the necessity of time series deformations surveillance derived from satellites in the permafrost environment.
Effects of Vegetation Construction on the Soil Environment in North China
Authors: Li Gang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Vegetation construction is one of the most important measures of ecology restoration in arid and semi-arid. Reasonable vegetation construction can improve the local soil environment and quality effectively. Thus, promote the vegetation restoration and ecology environment reconstruction. However, because of the different factors such as the plant trees, the ecology environment of vegetation construction in the vegetation construction, there are distinct influence on soil environment. This research choose the articles which related vegetation constrction and soil environment in arid and semi-arid areas in China as the research object, in which we foucs on the influence of soil moisture, soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen by artificial vegetation restoration.
Cultivation and Protection of Forest Resources
Authors: Jin Binbin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Forest cultivation and forest resource protection is an important part of forestry ecological construction, an important measure to promote tree growth, improve forest quality and increase forest efficiency, and an important means to maintain ecological environment balance and build a harmonious development of good man and nature. Based on this, this paper studies the necessity of the cultivation and protection of forest resources, probes into the methods of ecological, economic and social benefits of forest resources, and points out the unreasonable management concepts that still exist in the current forest cultivation work, the lack of attention to science and technology, the untimely cultivation and the lack of financial support, etc. And put forward the relevant countermeasures and measures to further strengthen the cultivation and protection of forest resources in China.
The Variation of Land Temperature in Different Years of Sandstone and Sand
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Guo Zhen , Li Juan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to analyze the effect of different ages of sandstone and sand on soil temperature, this study selected the compound soil with 2 years of soil formation and 9 years of soil formation, using loess: sand 1:2, sandstone: sand 1:1, sandstone: sand 1:2, sandstone: sand 1:5, sandstone: sand 0:1 different proportions of soil for research, using geothermal meters for different soil layers (5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm) temperature observation. The results show that: 1. The variation of ground temperature in different soil layers of 2 and 9 years of soil formation shows 5cm>10cm>15cm>20cm≈25cm, the basic performance is that the temperature of the soil in the 9- year-old compounding soil is lower than the temperature of the soil in the soil for 2 years. 2. The soil of 2 years of soil formation is characterized by sandstone in different soil layers: sand = 1:2, the highest temperature, sandstone: sand = 0:1 compound soil temperature is the lowest; soil formation 9 years compounding The soil has the lowest loess in different soil layers: sand = 1:2, and the soil in different soil layers has better cushioning properties. 3. During the period from 8:00 to 20:00, with the change of measurement time, the trend of ground temperature change can be fitted by the polynomial equation y=ax2+bx+c, which is most obvious with 5cm soil layer, with soil layer As the depth increases, the slope of the polynomial curve gradually decreases. 4. In the soil of 9 years of compounding, the time when the sandstone of sandstone: 1:1 soil reached its peak was postponed from 14:00 to 16:00, and the peak of loess: sand = 1:1 the original 16:00 point was delayed until 18:00, and the time when other compounded soils reached their peak was 16:00.
Water Resources Shortage Risk Prediction of Shanxi Province Based on Fault Tree Analysis and Markov Chain Model
Authors: Wei Yang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The shortage of water resources that mankind is facing is also increasing. Shanxi province is one of the most famous traditional heavy-industry bases in China. And it is also one of the most serious water-shortage provinces in China. At present, the status of coal in the world energy structure is declined. Shanxi province is facing a critical period of transformation of industrial structure. How to solve the problem of water shortage and support the rapid development of social economy in Shanxi province is to be solved urgently in the area. Based on the specific situation of water shortage in Shanxi Province, this paper discusses the Markov prediction method and fault tree analysis model for the risk of water shortage in Shanxi Province, and we provides suggestions to prevent and solve water resources shortage in the process of economic and social development in Shanxi province.
Contribution Rate of MWD Survey Error Sources on Well Trajectory Measurement Error
Authors: Diao Binbin , Gao Deli , Jiang Chuang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Since the number of error sources is too large and the standard deviations of the error sources are really difficult, it is of great practical significance to study the contribution rate of each error source on the wellbore trajectory measurement error. The error sources of well trajectory measurement using MWD (Measurement While Drilling) are introduced, and the contribution rate calculation model of each error source on well trajectory measurement error is established. The contribution rate of each error source on well trajectory measurement error is analyzed with an example. The research shows that the error sources contribute most to the well trajectory measurement error for each main semi-axes of the error ellipsoid are different; the error sources contribute most to the well trajectory measurement error are different in the vertical section, the inclined section and the horizontal section; the error source associated with the sensors contributes least to the well trajectory measurement error compared with other sources of error. In drilling engineering, it is necessary to give the standard deviation of the main error sources as accurately as possible to better evaluate the well trajectory measurement error.
Three-dimensional cartilage tissue regeneration system harnessing goblet-shaped microwells containing biocompatible hydrogel
Authors: Udomluck Nopphadol , Kim Sung-Hwan , Cho Hyunjoo , Park Joong Yull , Park Hansoo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes has been studied for the engineering of cartilage tissue. However, stem cells cultured two-dimensionally have limited ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, which led to the development of three-dimensional culture systems. A recently developed microtechnological method uses microwells as a tool to form uniformly sized spheroids. In this study, we fabricated an array (10 × 10) of goblet-shaped microwells based on polydimethylsiloxane for spheroid culture. A central processing unit (CPU) was used to form holes, and metallic beads were used to form hemispherical microwell geometry. The holes were filled with Pluronic F-127 to prevent cells from sinking through the holes and allowing the cells to form spheroids. Viability and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells were assessed. The fabrication method using a micro-pin mold and metallic beads is easy and cost-effective. Our three-dimensional spheroid culture system optimizes the efficient differentiation of cells and has various applications, such as drug delivery, cell therapy, and tissue engineering.
Customizable, engineered substrates for rapid screening of cellular cues
Authors: Huethorst Eline , Cutiongco Marie FA , Campbell Fraser A , Saeed Anwer , Love Rachel , Reynolds Paul M , Dalby Matthew J , Gadegaard Nikolaj 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Biophysical cues robustly direct cell responses and are thus important tools for in vitro and translational biomedical applications. High throughput platforms exploring substrates with varying physical properties are therefore valuable. However, currently existing platforms are limited in throughput, the biomaterials used, the capability to segregate between different cues and the assessment of dynamic responses. Here we present a multiwell array (3 × 8) made of a substrate engineered to present topography or rigidity cues welded to a bottomless plate with a 96-well format. Both the patterns on the engineered substrate and the well plate format can be easily customized, permitting systematic and efficient screening of biophysical cues. To demonstrate the broad range of possible biophysical cues examinable, we designed and tested three multiwell arrays to influence cardiomyocyte, chondrocyte and osteoblast function. Using the multiwell array, we were able to measure different cell functionalities using analytical modalities such as live microscopy, qPCR and immunofluorescence. We observed that grooves (5 μm in size) induced less variation in contractile function of cardiomyocytes. Compared to unpatterned plastic, nanopillars with 127 nm height, 100 nm diameter and 300 nm pitch enhanced matrix deposition, chondrogenic gene expression and chondrogenic maintenance. High aspect ratio pillars with an elastic shear modulus of 16 kPa mimicking the matrix found in early stages of bone development improved osteogenic gene expression compared to stiff plastic. We envisage that our bespoke multiwell array will accelerate the discovery of relevant biophysical cues through improved throughput and variety.
Chemical Decontamination of Hazardous Drugs: A Comparison of Solution Performances
Authors: Simon Nicolas , Odou Pascal , Decaudin Bertrand , Bonnabry Pascal , Fleury-Souverain Sandrine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Over the past 40 years, numerous actions have been undertaken to decrease the contamination of hospital facilities by intravenous conventional antineoplastic drugs (ICADs) such as centralizing compounding in pharmacies, using personal protective equipment, specific compounding, or infusion devices. As recently proposed in the &lt;USP800&gt; monograph, an additional specific decontamination step must be envisaged. A recent literature review analysed and discussed the different solutions tested in terms of decontamination efficacy. This article aims to discuss the performance of these solutions in the framework of aseptic compounding.

Methods
The same dataset used in the previous literature review was reanalysed according to other parameters so as to select decontamination solutions: overall decontamination efficiency (EffQ), tested contaminants, and the risks of use in daily practice.

Results
Using an EffQ threshold of 90% resulted in discarding 26 out of the 59 solutions. Solutions were tested differently: 8 on 1 contaminant, 11 on 2 contaminants, and 14 solutions on between 3 and 11 contaminants. Three risks were identified to help make choices in routine practice: the mutagenicity of degradation products, the safety of operators and facilities, and respect for the aseptic environment.

Conclusions
From the results, performance is discussed according to specific situations: a one-time incident or the basic chemical contamination due to daily practice. Accordingly, the decontamination solution selected then required a risk analysis and an evaluation before implementing it in the daily practice of a compounding unit.
Nod2 Protects the Gut From Experimental Colitis Spreading to Small Intestine
Authors: Al Nabhani Ziad , Berrebi Dominique , Martinez-Vinson Christine , Montcuquet Nicolas , Madre Chrystele , Roy Maryline , Ogier-Denis Eric , Dussaillant Monique , Cerf-Bensussan Nadine , Zouali Habib , Daniel Fanny , Barreau Frédérick , Hugot Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 [NOD2] mutations are key risk factors for Crohn’s disease [CD]. NOD2 contributes to intestinal homeostasis by regulating innate and adaptive immunity together with intestinal epithelial function. However, the exact roles of NOD2 in CD and other NOD2-associated disorders remain poorly known.

Methods
We initially observed that NOD2 expression was increased in epithelial cells away from inflamed areas in CD patients. To explore this finding, Nod2 mRNA expression, inflammation, and cytokines expression were examined in the small bowel of wild-type [WT], Nod2 knockout and Nod2 mutant mice after rectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS].

Results
In WT mice, Nod2 upregulation upstream to rectal injury was associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine expression but no overt histological inflammatory lesions. Conversely, in Nod2-deficient mice the inflammation spread from colitis to ileum and duodenum.

Conclusions
Nod2 protects the gut from colitis spreading to small intestine.
Complete revascularization reduces cardiovascular death in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Pavasini Rita , Biscaglia Simone , Barbato Emanuele , Tebaldi Matteo , Dudek Dariusz , Escaned Javier , Casella Gianni , Santarelli Andrea , Guiducci Vincenzo , Gutierrez-Ibanes Enrique , Di Pasquale Giuseppe , Politi Luigi , Saglietto Andrea , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Campo Gianluca 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this work was to investigate the prognostic impact of revascularization of non-culprit lesions in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease by performing a meta-analysis of available randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Methods and results
Data from six RCTs comparing complete vs. culprit-only revascularization in STEMI patients with multivessel disease were analysed with random effect generic inverse variance method meta-analysis. The endpoints were expressed as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The primary outcome was cardiovascular death. Main secondary outcomes of interest were all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and repeated coronary revascularization. Overall, 6528 patients were included (3139 complete group, 3389 culprit-only group). After a follow-up ranging between 1 and 3 years (median 2 years), cardiovascular death was significantly reduced in the group receiving complete revascularization (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.97, I 2 = 29%). The number needed to treat to prevent one cardiovascular death was 70 (95% CI 36–150). The secondary endpoints MI and revascularization were also significantly reduced (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55–0.84, I 2 = 0% and HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.22–0.38, I 2 = 36%, respectively). Needed to treats were 45 (95% CI 37–55) for MI and 8 (95% CI 5–13) for revascularization. All-cause death (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.56–1.16, I 2 = 27%) was not affected by the revascularization strategy.

Conclusion
In a selected study population of STEMI patients with multivessel disease, a complete revascularization strategy is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular death. This reduction is concomitant with that of MI and the need of repeated revascularization.
Philosophical Solitude: David Hume versus Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Authors: Taylor Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The philosopher meditating alone in his study is a cliché of western culture. But behind the hackneyed image lies a long history of controversy. Was solitude the ‘palace of learning’ that many learned people, religious and secular, perceived it, or a debilitating state of solipsistic misery and intellectual degeneracy, as its enemies described it? In the mid eighteenth century the debate became fiercely personal during a public quarrel between two philosophical luminaries: David Hume and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In the 1760s Rousseau faced persecution from state and church authorities in France and Switzerland. Hume gave him refuge in England. The relationship rapidly turned toxic as the convivial Hume sought to manage his notoriously reclusive charge. Solitude became a casus belli in a war of words that fascinated intellectual Europe. But the fracas was more complex than it appeared. Who are we with, when we are alone? For Hume, no less than Rousseau, the question proved inescapable, in both his personal career and his philosophy. A closer look at two thinkers who, on the surface, were a study in opposites, reveals much about the vicissitudes of solitude in the life of the creative mind.
Existence of weak solutions to a dynamic model for smectic-A liquid crystals under undulations
Authors: Emmrich Etienne , Lasarzik Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA nonlinear model due to Soddemann et al. (2004, Shear-induced undulation of smectic-A: molecular dynamics simulations vs. analytical theory. Eur. Phys. J. E., 13, 141–151) and Stewart(2007, Dynamic theory for smectic-A liquid crystals. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn., 18, 343–360) describing incompressible smectic-A liquid crystals under flow is studied. In comparison to previously considered models, this particular model takes into account possible undulations of the layers away from equilibrium, which has been observed in experiments. The emerging decoupling of the director and the layer normal is incorporated by an additional evolution equation for the director. Global existence of weak solutions to this model is proved via a Galerkin approximation with eigenfunctions of the associated linear differential operators in the 3D case.