bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative hesitant fuzzy group decision making: An additively consistent probability and consensus‐based perspective
Authors: Tang Jie , Meng Fanyong , Xu Zeshui , Yuan Ruiping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations (HFLPRs) can efficiently denote the hesitant qualitative judgments of decision makers. Consistency and consensus are two critical topics in group decision making (GDM) with preference relations. This paper uses the additively consistent concept for linguistic fuzzy preference relations (LFPRs) to give an additive consistency definition for HFLPRs. To judge the additive consistency of HFLPRs, 0‐1 mixed programming models (0‐1‐MPMs) are constructed. Meanwhile, additive‐consistency‐based 0‐1‐MPMs to ascertain missing values in incomplete HFLPRs are established. Following the consistent probability of LFPRs, an algorithm to calculate the linguistic priority weighting vector is presented. In consideration of the consensus of GDM, a consistency‐probability‐distance‐measure‐based consensus index is defined, and an interactive improving consensus method is provided. Finally, a method for GDM with HFLPRs is offered that can address incomplete and inconsistent cases. Meanwhile, numerical examples are offered, and comparative analysis is made.
Fast food, beverage, and snack brands on social media in the United States: An examination of marketing techniques utilized in 2000 brand posts
Authors: Bragg Marie A. , Pageot Yrvane K. , Amico Angela , Miller Alysa N. , Gasbarre Angela , Rummo Pasquale E. , Elbel Brian 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundExposure to food advertisements is associated with poor diet among youth, and food and beverage companies are increasingly advertising on social media sites that are popular among youth.ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of social media advertising among fast food, beverage, and snack companies and examine advertising techniques they use on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and Vine.MethodsWe quantified the increase in the creation of social media accounts from 2007 to 2016 among 200 fast food, beverage, and snack brands from the United States. We conducted content analyses to examine the marketing themes and healthfulness of products featured in 2000 posts from a subset of 20 brands and used multilevel regression to assess associations between marketing themes (eg, adolescents socializing) and interactive tools (eg, hashtags).ResultsTwo hundred brands collectively managed 568 accounts in 2016. Content analyses revealed that unique social media features (eg, geo‐tags) appeared in 74.5% (n = 1489) of posts, and 31.5% (n = 630) were interactive. Posts featuring adolescents were more likely to be interactive than posts featuring adults (P < 0.001). Two‐thirds (67.9%; n = 362) of foods shown were unhealthy, and 61.2% (n = 435) of beverages were sugar sweetened.ConclusionsSocial media food advertising is pervasive and uses interactive tools to engage with users.
Management of urinary tract infection by early‐career general practitioners in Australia
Authors: Davey Andrew , Tapley Amanda , Mulquiney Katie , van Driel Mieke , Fielding Alison , Holliday Elizabeth , Ball Jean , Spike Neil , FitzGerald Kristen , Magin Parker 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a common presentation to general practitioners (GPs). There is increasing antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens in many healthcare systems. Adherence to principles of antimicrobial stewardship is important to combat this problem. Our aim was to describe the prevalence of presentations of clinically diagnosed new UTI to early‐career GPs, to describe management choices made, and to identify associations of prescribing antibiotics at the index consultation for UTI.MethodThis is a cross‐sectional analysis of the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training cohort study. Early‐career GPs from five Australian states (urban to very remote practices) collected data on 60 consecutive patient encounters during each of three 6‐month training terms. Proportions of problems being new UTIs, antibiotics prescribed, urine microscopy and culture ordered were calculated. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions established associations of patient, registrar, and practice factors with prescribing antibiotics for a new UTI.ResultsOne thousand three hundred thirty‐three early‐career GPs diagnosed 2850 new UTIs from 189 736 consultations (1.5%; 95% CI, 1.4‐1.6). Antibiotics were prescribed at 86% (95% CI, 84.7‐87.2) of these index consultations. Antibiotic choice followed Australian therapeutic guideline recommendations. Urine microscopy and culture were requested at the index consultation less than recommended by guidelines in men, 69.2% (95% CI, 62.6‐75.1), and children, 80.8% (95% CI, 76.4‐84.6). Adults were significantly more likely to be treated with antibiotics at the index consultation than children under 16.ConclusionsA new UTI is a common presentation to Australian early‐career GPs. There is general adherence to guidelines for antibiotic choice in UTIs. Further research is needed, however, to understand some decisions made when managing UTI in children and men. This may reflect diagnostic uncertainty with consequent attention to antibiotic stewardship by deferring antibiotic prescription.
Characterization of Doppler spectrum of hepatic veins and correlation with structural and functional variables of the right ventricle in healthy dogs
Authors: Silva Vinícius Bentivóglio Costa , Rodrigues Froes Tilde , Gil Elaine Mayumi Ueno , Wolf Marcela , Lucina Stephany Buba , Sousa Marlos Gonçalves 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpectral Doppler assessment of hepatic veins may provide information on heart function.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo assess the normal pattern of hepatic venous flow using spectral Doppler ultrasound examination; to correlate this information with structural and functional variables of the right ventricle (RV), and to analyze the impact of age, sex, body weight quartiles, heart rate, cardiac rhythm, and systolic arterial pressure on the results in healthy dogs.AnimalsSixty‐five healthy dogs.MethodsCross‐sectional observational study. The direction and maximum velocity of each of the 4 possible components of venous flow were determined from pulsed‐wave Doppler examination of the hepatic veins. In addition, structural and functional parameters (TAPSE, longitudinal strain, FAC%, S′, Et/At, and E′t/ A′t) of the RV were evaluated.ResultsThe same phase patterns for different waves were seen in all animals: A and V were retrograde waves, and S and D were anterograde waves. The velocity of the spectral waves increased with body weight (P < .05) and could be correlated with functional indices of the RV. A significant difference was found when comparing morphometric indices with body weight quartiles (P < .05). In addition, intra‐and inter‐observer assessments showed low variability. The mean duration of the examinations was 5.2 minutes.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHepatic spectral Doppler findings can be correlated with systolic and diastolic indices of the RV and vary with body weight.
Host perspective on academic supervision, health care provision and institutional partnership during short‐term electives in global health
Authors: Renaud‐Roy Etienne , Bernier Nicolas , Fournier Pierre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContextStudies about the impact of global health electives on host institutions are scarce and often made from the perspective of institutions that send students. The present research examined the impact of short‐term electives in global health (STEGHs) from the under‐represented perspective of host institutions in Benin.MethodsThe authors conducted 30 semi‐structured interviews from a convenience sample of Beninese health care professionals who had hosted Canadian medical students. Interviewees had previously supervised STEGHs in one of the five different institutions. A subsequent qualitative thematic analysis methodology was used to compilate codes and generate themes.ResultsHosting STEGH students motivated respondents to increase their medical knowledge through self‐driven learning. They perceived an improvement in the quality of their care and felt a negligible impact on patient safety. They negatively commented on the lack of clear pedagogic objectives that they could rely on. Interviewees think current STEGH partnerships do not advantage them because institutions that send students offer little support during the electives. Furthermore, sending institutions do not offer the same opportunity for local medical students or professionals to take part in such electives outside of Benin.ConclusionsAlthough host health care professionals evaluated global health electives positively overall, specific improvements could mitigate their negative impacts and help create a more balanced partnership between sending and host institutions. Sending institutions could involve host institutions in curriculum planning. They could invest in building reciprocal elective programmes to receive students from elsewhere. Meanwhile they can maximise the transfer of relevant medical knowledge, and provide expertise, resources and support during the electives.
Rhizosphere modelling reveals spatiotemporal distribution of daidzein shaping soybean rhizosphere bacterial community
Authors: Okutani Fuki , Hamamoto Shoichiro , Aoki Yuichi , Nakayasu Masaru , Nihei Naoto , Nishimura Taku , Yazaki Kazufumi , Sugiyama Akifumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlant roots nurture a wide variety of microbes via exudation of metabolites, shaping the rhizosphere's microbial community. Despite the importance of plant specialized metabolites in the assemblage and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere, little is known of how far the effects of these metabolites extend through the soil. We employed a fluid model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of daidzein, an isoflavone secreted from soybean roots, and validated using soybeans grown in a rhizobox. We then analysed how daidzein affects bacterial communities using soils artificially treated with daidzein. Simulation of daidzein distribution showed that it was only present within a few millimetres of root surfaces. After 14 days in a rhizobox, daidzein was only present within 2 mm of root surfaces. Soils with different concentrations of daidzein showed different community composition, with reduced α‐diversity in daidzein‐treated soils. Bacterial communities of daidzein‐treated soils were closer to those of the soybean rhizosphere than those of bulk soils. This study highlighted the limited distribution of daidzein within a few millimetres of root surfaces and demonstrated a novel role of daidzein in assembling bacterial communities in the rhizosphere by acting as more of a repellant than an attractant.
A new aerobic fitness score based on lactate sensing during submaximal exercise
Authors: Hagar Amit , Melo Luma , Hills Grace , Kenshur Nathan , Dickinson Stephanie 
Published: December 2019

Given the known clinical utility of cardiorespiratory fitness, measurement of physiological responses to submaximal exercise may be a feasible approach well suited for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in non-athletes and the chronically ill. Lactate levels and watt output during a short submaximal exercise and a subsequent relaxation period yield an aerobic score that is consistent with cardiorespiratory fitness grades in non-athletes and that may be used as a marker in such approaches. In this study, 28 females (23 ± 3 years) were submitted to a 15 min submaximal recumbent bike session, and their capillary and saliva lactate concentrations were recorded and plotted against time. An individual aerobic score was calculated from this curve, using watt output during equal relative percentiles of maximum heart-rate benchmarks. The scores were compared with respective results in a V̇O2max test and with a similar scoring system in 14 older (51 ± 9 years) females; they correlated with the 6 categories of the V̇O2max test results and classified into 3 categories of V̇O2max grades (very poor/poor; fair/good; excellent/superior) with a combined accuracy of 80.95%. More studies are required to validate the potential utility of this submaximal test as an additional risk factor for diagnostic purposes in non-athletes. Novelty points: A novel method for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness during submaximal exercise consistent with V̇O2max performance. The method yields an aerobic score that may be used as a marker for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
Effects of surface straw mulching and buried straw layer on soil water content and salinity dynamics in saline soils
Authors: Song Xiliang , Sun Ruojun , Chen Weifeng , Wang Manhua 
Published: December 2019

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of wheat straw return methods, which included the use of surface straw mulch and a buried straw layer, on soil water content, electrical conductivity (EC), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of saline sodic soils in an effort to identify useful ways for reducing soil salt accumulation and enhancing soil water content. The results showed that the straw return treatments were effective for inhibiting salt accumulation and soil water loss, resulting in a reduction of EC and SAR but an enhancement of soil water content. After a year-long experiment, compared with the treatment with no straw return, the straw burial and straw mulching treatments decreased the EC by 10.5% and 3.5%, reduced the SAR by 7.4% and 21.5%, and increased the soil water by 0.9% and 4.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the combined application of straw layer burial and surface straw return had a more significant effect than the individual treatments; the positive effect of straw return occurred mainly focused in the topsoil (0–40 cm) and decreased with increasing soil depth. Our results allowed us to conclude that burial of the straw layer was necessary to enhance the effects of surface mulch, and the combination of surface mulch (3.0 t ha−1 of wheat straw) and straw layer burial (6.0 t ha−1 of wheat straw) proved to be a better straw return method than the others.
Right frontal eye field has perceptual and oculomotor functions during optokinetic stimulation and nystagmus
Authors: Mastropasqua Angela , Dowsett James , Dieterich Marianne , Taylor Paul C. J. 
Published: December 2019

The right frontal eye field (rFEF) is associated with visual perception and eye movements. rFEF is activated during optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), a reflex that moves the eye in response to visual motion (optokinetic stimulation, OKS). It remains unclear whether rFEF plays causal perceptual and/or oculomotor roles during OKS and OKN. To test this, participants viewed a leftward-moving visual scene of vertical bars and judged whether a flashed dot was moving. Single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were applied to rFEF on half of trials. In half of blocks, to explore oculomotor control, participants performed an OKN in response to the OKS. rFEF TMS, during OKN, made participants more accurate on trials when the dot was still, and it slowed eye movements. In separate blocks, participants fixated during OKS. This not only controlled for eye movements but also allowed the use of EEG to explore the FEF’s role in visual motion discrimination. In these blocks, by contrast, leftward dot motion discrimination was impaired, associated with a disruption of the frontal-posterior balance in alpha-band oscillations. None of these effects occurred in a control site (M1) experiment. These results demonstrate multiple related yet dissociable causal roles of the right FEF during optokinetic stimulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates causal roles of the right frontal eye field (FEF) in motion discrimination and eye movement control during visual scene motion: previous work had only examined other stimuli and eye movements such as saccades. Using combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG and a novel optokinetic stimulation motion-discrimination task, we find evidence for multiple related yet dissociable causal roles within the FEF: perceptual processing during optokinetic stimulation, generation of the optokinetic nystagmus, and the maintenance of alpha oscillations.
Serotonergic control of GABAergic inhibition in the lateral amygdala
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Furuyama Takafumi , Sugai Tokio , Ono Munenori , Pare Denis , Kato Nobuo 
Published: December 2019

Much evidence implicates the serotonergic regulation of the amygdala in anxiety. Thus the present study was undertaken to characterize the influence of serotonin (5-HT) on principal neurons (PNs) of the rat lateral amygdala (LA), using whole cell recordings in vitro. Because inhibition is a major determinant of PN activity, we focused on the control of GABAergic transmission by 5-HT. IPSCs were elicited by local electrical stimulation of LA in the presence of glutamate receptor antagonists. We found that 5-HT reduces GABAAinhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) via presynaptic 5-HT1Breceptors. While the presynaptic inhibition of GABA release also attenuated GABABcurrents, this effect was less pronounced than for GABAAcurrents because 5-HT also induced a competing postsynaptic enhancement of GABABcurrents. That is, GABABcurrents elicited by pressure application of GABA or baclofen were enhanced by 5-HT. In addition, we obtained evidence suggesting that 5-HT differentially regulates distinct subsets of GABAergic synapses. Indeed, GABAAIPSCs were comprised of two components: a relatively 5-HT-insensitive IPSC that had a fast time course and a 5-HT-sensitive component that had a slower time course. Because the relative contribution of these two components varied depending on whether neurons were recorded at proximity versus at a distance from the stimulating electrodes, we speculate that distinct subtypes of local-circuit cells contribute the two contingents of GABAergic synapses. Overall, our results indicate that 5-HT is a potent regulator of synaptic inhibition in LA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that 5-HT, acting via presynaptic 5-HT1Breceptors, attenuates GABAAIPSCs by reducing GABA release in the lateral amygdala (LA). In parallel, 5-HT enhances GABABcurrents postsynaptically, such that GABABinhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) are relatively preserved from the presynaptic inhibition of GABA release. We also found that the time course of 5-HT-sensitive and -insensitive GABAAIPSCs differ. Together, these results indicate that 5-HT is a potent regulator of synaptic inhibition in LA.
Intense noise exposure alters peripheral vestibular structures and physiology
Authors: Stewart C. E. , Bauer D. S. , Kanicki A. C. , Altschuler R. A. , King W. M. 
Published: December 2019

The otolith organs play a critical role in detecting linear acceleration and gravity to control posture and balance. Some afferents that innervate these structures can be activated by sound and are at risk for noise overstimulation. A previous report demonstrated that noise exposure can abolish vestibular short-latency evoked potential (VsEP) responses and damage calyceal terminals. However, the stimuli that were used to elicit responses were weaker than those established in previous studies and may have been insufficient to elicit VsEP responses in noise-exposed animals. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of an established noise exposure paradigm on VsEP responses using large head-jerk stimuli to determine if noise induces a stimulus threshold shift and/or if large head-jerks are capable of evoking VsEP responses in noise-exposed rats. An additional goal is to relate these measurements to the number of calyceal terminals and hair cells present in noise-exposed vs. non-noise-exposed tissue. Exposure to intense continuous noise significantly reduced VsEP responses to large stimuli and abolished VsEP responses to small stimuli. This finding confirms that while measurable VsEP responses can be elicited from noise-lesioned rat sacculi, larger head-jerk stimuli are required, suggesting a shift in the minimum stimulus necessary to evoke the VsEP. Additionally, a reduction in labeled calyx-only afferent terminals was observed without a concomitant reduction in the overall number of calyces or hair cells. This finding supports a critical role of calretinin-expressing calyceal-only afferents in the generation of a VsEP response. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study identifies a change in the minimum stimulus necessary to evoke vestibular short-latency evoked potential (VsEP) responses after noise-induced damage to the vestibular periphery and reduced numbers of calretinin-labeled calyx-only afferent terminals in the striolar region of the sacculus. These data suggest that a single intense noise exposure may impact synaptic function in calyx-only terminals in the striolar region of the sacculus. Reduced calretinin immunolabeling may provide insight into the mechanism underlying noise-induced changes in VsEP responses.
Ensayo y postficción: realidad y goce de la escritura en Con hambre y sin dinero (2018), de Ena Lucía Portela
Authors: Timmer Nanne 
Published: December 2019

Los textos ficcionales de Ena Lucía Portela juegan con la ironía de una voz narradora que se ríe a carcajadas de su entorno. Ese entorno puede nutrirse tanto de un referente real inmediato como de un universo ficcional que es propiedad de su autor. La afirmación de control o autoría es una de las formas en las que que aparecen los juegos metaficcionales en sus textos. Aquello produce una indeterminación en el lugar de enunciación que difumina la separación entre el mundo real y el mundo ficcional. ¿Qué ocurre con los textos ensayísticos que se reúnen en Con hambre y sin dinero (2018) que se presentan como ´no-ficcionales´ y cómo se da la relación con la poética Portela en este género supuestamente diferente?a relación con la poética Portela en este género supuestamente diferente?
Diarios de motocicleta: um diário de imagens cifradas
Authors: Batista Christiane Silveira , De Oliveira Paulo Custódio 
Published: December 2019

A obra em língua espanhola Diarios de Motocicleta (2004), de Ernesto Rafael Guevara de la Serna, o Che Guevara, é uma das edições de seu diário de viagem escrito entre 1951 e 1952. Esse material foi revisado e narrativizado por ele tempos depois e esteve em posse de seus familiares por, aproximadamente, quarenta anos até a autorização de sua primeira publicação intitulado Notas de Viaje (1993). Nessa investigação, é apresentada a cronologia das edições até se chegar à última edição ampliada para, por meio da análise comparativa das edições, salientar algumas das alterações editoriais existentes e, assim, refletir sobre como os diferentes paratextos (GENETTE, 2009) exercem uma grande influência na leitura e interpretação da obra.