bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The solute carrier SLC7A8 is a marker of favourable prognosis in ER-positive low proliferative invasive breast cancer
Authors: El Ansari Rokaya , Alfarsi Lutfi , Craze Madeleine L. , Masisi Brendah K. , Ellis Ian O. , Rakha Emad A. , Green Andrew R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease consisting of various subtypes, with different prognostic and therapeutic outcomes. The amino acid transporter, SLC7A8, is overexpressed in oestrogen receptor-positive BC. However, the consequence of this overexpression, in terms of disease prognosis, is still obscure. This study aimed to evaluate the biological and prognostic value of SLC7A8 in BC with emphasis on the intrinsic molecular subtypes.

Methods
SLC7A8 was assessed at the genomic, using METABRIC data (n = 1980), and proteomic, using immunohistochemistry and TMA (n = 1562), levels in well-characterised primary BC cohorts. SLC7A8 expression was examined with clinicopathological parameters, molecular subtypes, and patient outcome.

Results
SLC7A8 mRNA and SLC7A8 protein expression were strongly associated with good prognostic features, including small tumour size, low tumour grade, and good Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) (all P < 0.05). Expression of SLC7A8 mRNA was higher in luminal tumours compared to other subtypes (P < 0.001). High expression of SLC7A8 mRNA and SLC7A8 protein was associated with good patient outcome (P ≤ 0.001) but only in the low proliferative ER+/luminal A tumours (P = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, SLC7A8 mRNA and SLC7A8 protein were independent factors for longer breast cancer specific survival (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03), respectively.

Conclusion
SLC7A8 appears to play a role in BC and is a marker for favourable prognosis in the most predominant, ER+ low proliferative/luminal A, BC subtype. Functional assessment is necessary to reveal the specific role played by SLC7A8 in ER+ BC.
Hemicellulose binding and the spacing of cellulose microfibrils in spruce wood
Authors: Thomas Lynne H. , Martel Anne , Grillo Isabelle , Jarvis Michael C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCellulose microfibrils in conifers, as in other woody materials, are aggregated into loose bundles called macrofibrils. The centre-to-centre spacing of the microfibrils within these macrofibrils can be estimated from the position of a broad diffraction peak in small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) after deuteration. A known spacing of 3.0 nm, increasing with moisture content, is consistent with direct microfibril to microfibril contact. However recent evidence indicates that conifer microfibrils are partially coated with bound xylan chains, and possibly with lignin and galactoglucomannan, implying a wider centre-to-centre spacing as found in angiosperm wood. Delignification of spruce wood allowed a weak SANS peak to be observed without measurable change in spacing. By deuterating spruce wood in mildly alkaline D2O and then re-equilibrating with ambient H2O, deuterium atoms were trapped in a position that gave a 3.8 nm microfibril spacing under dry conditions as in angiosperm wood, instead of the 3.0 nm spacing normally observed in conifers. After conventional vapour deuteration of spruce wood a minor peak at 3.8 nm could be fitted in addition to the 3.0 nm peak. These observations are consistent with some microfibril segments being separated by bound xylan chains as in angiosperms, in addition to the microfibril segments that are in direct contact.
“That Wasn’t the Math I Wanted to do!”—Students’ Beliefs During the Transition from School to University Mathematics
Authors: Geisler Sebastian , Rolka Katrin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt is a well-known fact that many students struggle during the transition from school to university mathematics. The aim of our quantitative study was to clarify the role of students’ beliefs concerning the nature of mathematics for a successful transition. We distinguish between static beliefs (mathematics as a finished system of rules, facts and formula) and dynamic beliefs (mathematics as a dynamic discipline with applications in everyday life). In particular, we examined whether first year students’ beliefs are suitable to predict students’ exam achievement and their satisfaction (as criteria for a successful transition) and how students’ beliefs develop during the transition. Therefore, we used questionnaires at the beginning and in the middle of the first term at university. Our results indicate that dynamic beliefs decrease during transition, whereas static beliefs remain rather stable. This seems problematic since dynamic beliefs turned out to negatively predict students’ dropout intention, while static beliefs are a negative predictor of students’ achievement in real analysis. Furthermore, the beliefs assessed in the middle of the term had a stronger predictive power than those at the beginning of the term. Based on these results, we discuss implications for the teaching of mathematics during the transition.
A Differential Diagnosis of Osteolytic Lesions in the Curated Skeletal Remains of a Tantalus Monkey (Chlorocebus tantalus)
Authors: Siek Thomas , Hirst Cara S. , Waldron Tony 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the veterinary and anthropological literature, the pathology of nonhuman primates is heavily focused on soft-tissue involvement and there is scant reference to nonhuman primates in zoopalaeopathology, the study of ancient and historical diseases in animals. We present the curated skeletal remains of a nonhuman primate present with osteolytic lesions consistent with a pathological process. We evaluated the observed pathological changes via an extensive macroscopic analysis of the skeleton, coupled with radiographic images of the affected bones, and provide a differential diagnosis of the skeletal remains using relevant clinical and zoopalaeopathological data. Multiple osteolytic lesions of varying sizes, as well as periosteal new bone, were present on several elements. The lesions affected the skeleton bilaterally, asymmetrically and with no clear focus or pattern. The skeletal lesions were differentially diagnosed as the result of either a metastatic neoplastic disease or a chronic infection. This case provides a zoopalaeopathological example for the study of skeletal lesions in nonhuman primates in anthropological and archaeological collections, where contextual data may not be available.
Thermal studies of fly ashes expansion
Authors: Wons Wojciech , Rzepa Karol , Reben Manuela , Murzyn Paweł 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe object of this study is to investigate the thermal properties of fly ashes from the last, farthest dedusting zone in terms of their use as ceramic masses additives. Siliceous fly ash is valuable additive to ceramic mass, which not only reduces its plasticity, but also actively affects sintering process and shapes the properties of the final material. The finest fly ash fractions are potentially useful flux materials in ceramics; however, a significant limitation in their use is due to thermal expansion/bloating occurring during high-temperature sintering. The bloating mechanism of fly ashes was investigated in relationship to their chemical composition with the use of DTA/TG/EGA analysis as well as high-temperature microscope. Chemical and phase compositions were studied by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded. The results indicate that bloating mechanism is caused by the co-occurrence of two phenomena accompanying sintering: appearance of high amount of liquid phase and simultaneous gas release from sintered material. The dominant mechanism is the simultaneous release of sulfur (IV) oxide and oxygen as a result of the redox reaction of removing SO3 from the vitreous phase.
Pan-European hydrodynamic models and their ability to identify compound floods
Authors: Paprotny Dominik , Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Morales-Nápoles Oswaldo , Jonkman Sebastiaan N. , Feyen Luc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe interaction between storm surges and inland run-off has been gaining increasing attention recently, as they have the potential to result in compound floods. In Europe, several flood events of this type have been recorded in the past century in Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy and UK. First projections of compound flood hazard under climate change have been made, but no study has so far analysed whether existing, independent climate and hydrodynamic models are able to reproduce the co-occurrence of storm surges, precipitation, river discharges or waves. Here, we investigate the dependence between the different drivers in different observational and modelled data set, utilizing gauge records and high-resolution outputs of climate reanalyses and hindcasts, hydrodynamic models of European coasts and rivers. The results show considerable regional differences in strength of the dependence in surge–precipitation and surge–discharge pairs. The models reproduce those dependencies, and the time lags between the flood drivers, rather well in north-western Europe, but less successfully in the southern part. Further, we identified several compound flood events in the reanalysis data. We were able to link most of those modelled events with historical reports of flood or storm losses. However, false positives and false negatives were also present in the reanalysis and several large compound floods were missed by the reanalysis. All in all, the study still shows that accurate representation of compound floods by independent models of each driver is possible, even if not yet achievable at every location.
Shading enhances plant species richness and diversity on an extensive green roof
Authors: van der Kolk Henk-Jan , van den Berg Petra , Korthals Gerard , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGreen roofs can promote biodiversity in urban areas. The extent to which green roofs stimulate plant diversity can depend on roof characteristics such as roof age, substrate depth and shading. We exploratively studied the vegetation on a Dutch green roof in 50 permanent plots (1 m2) over eight years (2012–2019) following roof construction. Plots were situated either on low substrate depth (6 cm light-weight extensive substrate) or high substrate depth (6 cm light-weight extensive substrate topped with 14 cm native soil) and differed in the amount of shading received from a higher building floor. Increased substrate depth and shading additively increased plant species richness and plant diversity, with high shaded plots supporting on average 6.4 more plant species than low unshaded plots. Shading likely acts via reducing drought stress, whereas increasing substrate depth with native soil may also enhance plant diversity via addition of nutrients and native seeds. The vegetation composition on the roof was dynamic and changed over the years. Sedum acre was initially dominant but disappeared within the first years, whereas Sedum kamtschaticum increased and became dominant in the last years. Trifolium arvense was the most abundant forb species and was especially dominant three years after roof construction. We conclude that increased substrate depth and shading can promote plant species richness and diversity and recommend that both aspects are considered when green roofs are designed. Shading can be achieved by a stepped building architecture and by placing structures on the roof itself, such as solar panels on standards.
Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: What is the Evidence of Indirect Neural Decompression? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Formica Matteo , Quarto Emanuele , Zanirato Andrea , Mosconi Lorenzo , Vallerga Davide , Zotta Irene , Baracchini Maddalena Lontaro , Formica Carlo , Felli Lamberto 
Published: March 2020

Background In the past decade, lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) has gained in popularity. A proposed advantage is the achievement of indirect neural decompression. However, evidence of the effectiveness of LLIF in neural decompression in lumbar degenerative conditions remains unclear. Questions/Purposes We sought to extrapolate clinical and radiological results and consequently the potential benefits and limitations of LLIF in indirect neural decompression in degenerative lumbar diseases. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature in English using the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and checklist. Scores on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain were extracted, as were data on the following radiological measurements: disc height (DH), foraminal height (FH), foraminal area (FA), central canal area (CA). Results In the 42 articles included, data on 2445 patients (3779 levels treated) with a mean follow-up of 14.8 ± 5.9 months were analyzed. Mean improvements in VAS back, VAS leg, and ODI scale scores were 4.1 ± 2.5, 3.9 ± 2.2, and 21.9 ± 7.2, respectively. Post-operative DH, FH, FA, and CA measurements increased by 68.6%, 21.9%, 37.7%, and 29.3%, respectively. Conclusion Clinical results indicate LLIF as an efficient technique in indirect neural decompression. Analysis of radiological data demonstrates the effectiveness of symmetrical foraminal decompression. Data regarding indirect decompression of central canal and lateral recess are inconclusive and contradictory. Bony stenosis appears as an absolute contraindication. The role of facet joint degeneration is unclear. This systematic review provides a reference for surgeons to define the potential and limitations of LLIF in indirect neural elements decompression.
Insects associated with sweet fennel: beneficial visitors attracted by a generalist plant
Authors: Skaldina Oksana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInsects provide key ecosystem services such as pollination, dung burial, soil enhancement, and pest control. Global insect decline requires restoration of the plant–insect mutualistic interactions. By using magnet plants, it is possible to supply beneficial insects with better resource availability and create more sustainable habitats. Current management practices recommend using Umbellifers (Apiales, Apiaceae) in restoration projects. However, analyses of the structure and dynamics of entomofauna associated with this plant family is needed to facilitate practical actions. Here the attention is focused on species composition and seasonal dynamics of beneficial insects associated with sweet fennel Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae, Umbelliferae) in Crimea. A 2-year sampling campaign identified 60 insect species from 40 genera across 20 families and four orders: Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Neuroptera. These insects represented the groups such as social wasps, bees, ants, bumble bees, potter wasps, beetles, lacewings, mud daubers, tachinid flies, and hoverflies. Social wasps and hoverflies dominated in sample collections. Most of insects collected benefit ecosystems and provide essential ecosystem services. During fennel’s flowering season, the number of visits by bumble bees, beetles, bees. and wasps decreased. Contrastingly, dipterans visitation increased towards the end of the season. Such trends might be explained with fennel’s functional protandry, bias in nectar production between male and female flower stages, and insects’ feeding preferences. F. vulgare attracts a diverse assemblage of beneficial insects and consequently can be recommended as a magnet species. When aiming to attract specific insect groups, the seasonal dynamics of fennel’s associated entomofauna should be considered.
Effect of Acylation of Rapeseed Proteins with Lauroyl and Oleoyl Chloride on Solubility and Film-Forming Properties
Authors: Fetzer Andreas , Hintermayr Cornelia , Schmid Markus , Stäbler Andreas , Eisner Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rapeseed proteins show good film-forming properties, giving them a promising potential as bio-based ingredients for the technical industry, e. g. for films and coatings. However, their hydrophilicity often poses problems in regard to water-stability of coatings. Protein modification using fatty acids is known to reduce hydrophilicity, however, it has not been tested to improve film-forming properties of rapeseed proteins before. In the present study, a rapeseed protein concentrate (RPC) was acylated at low and high modification degree using lauroyl chloride and oleyol chloride. The protein solubility was determined and the modified RPCs were used for the preparation of cast-films to measure the changes of mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break), surface energy, oxygen permeability and light transmission. The protein solubility in water was lowered from 100% for the non-modified RPC to < 15% for highly modified RPCs at pH 7. The tensile strength of films increased by factors of 3.5 and 4 for highly modified samples, respectively. Surface energy and oxygen permeability revealed an increase of hydrophobicity that correlated with the modification degree. The light transmission was reduced by modification. The results confirm the increased hydrophobicity of acylated RPCs and demonstrate the potential of modified rapeseed proteins as an ingredient for technical products, such as packaging layers, coatings and adhesives.

Graphic Abstract
Development of a highly productive GMAW hot wire process using a two-dimensional arc deflection
Authors: Spaniol E. , Trautmann M. , Ungethüm T. , Hertel M. , Füssel U. , Henckell P. , Bergmann J. P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes are used in a wide range of applications due to their high productivity and flexibility. Nevertheless, the supplied melting wire electrode leads to a coupling of material and heat input. Therefore, an increase of the melting rate correlates with an increase of the heat input by the arc at the same time. A possibility to separate material and heat input is to use an additional wire, which reduces penetration and worsens the wetting behaviour. Consequently, bead irregularities such as bonding defects or insufficient root weldings can occur. In the context of this article, a controlling system for a two-dimensional magnetic arc deflection is presented, which allows to influence arc position as well as material transfer. The analysed GMAW hot wire process is characterised by high melting rates while also realising a sufficient penetration depth and wetting behaviour.
Malaria in Gold Miners in the Guianas and the Amazon: Current Knowledge and Challenges
Authors: Douine Maylis , Lambert Yann , Musset Lise , Hiwat Helene , Blume Liana Reis , Marchesini Paola , Moresco Gilberto Gilmar , Cox Horace , Sanchez Juan F. , Villegas Leopoldo , de Santi Vincent Pommier , Sanna Alice , Vreden Stephen , Suarez-Mutis Martha 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Following Paraguay and Argentina, several countries from the Amazon region aim to eliminate malaria. To achieve this, all key affected and vulnerable populations by malaria, including people working on gold mining sites, must be considered. What is the situation of malaria in these particular settings and what are the challenges? This literature review aims to compile knowledge to answer these questions.

Recent Findings
The contexts in which gold miners operate are very heterogeneous: size and localization of mines, links with crime, administrative status of the mines and of the miners, mobility of the workers or national regulations. The number of malaria cases has been correlated with deforestation (Brazil, Colombia), gold production (Colombia), gold prices (Guyana), or location of the mining region (Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana). The burden of malaria in gold mines differs between territories: significant in Guyana, French Guiana, or Venezuela; lower in Brazil. Although Plasmodiumvivax causes 75% of malaria cases in the Americas, P. falciparum is predominant in several gold mining regions, especially in the Guiana Shield. Because of the remoteness from health facilities, self-medication with under-the-counter antimalarials is frequent. This constitutes a significant risk for the emergence of new P. falciparum parasites resistant to antimalarial drugs.

Summary
Because of the workers’ mobility, addressing malaria transmission in gold mines is essential, not only for miners, but also to prevent the (re-)emergence of malaria. Strategies among these populations should be tailored to the context because of the heterogeneity of situations in different territories. The transnational environment favoring malaria transmission also requires transborder and regional cooperation, where innovative solutions should be considered and evaluated.
Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on particle size, reagents consumption, and feed ash content in coal flotation
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Karamoozian Mohammad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUltrasonic waves have a lot of use in the particle surface cleaning. As flotation is one of the methods associated with surface properties, this paper investigates the effect of these waves on performance, particle size, reagents, and feed ash content in coal flotation. To accomplish this goal, coal samples in three size fractions, including coarse (− 800 to + 400 µm), medium (− 400 to + 100 µm) and fine (− 100 µm) with various feed ash content. The flotation experiments were evaluated by process indexes such as yield, combustible recovery, and selectivity index. The results indicated the increasing of yield. The increasing was significant in medium size. Furthermore, the results showed that in presence of ultrasonic waves, the collector and frother consumption decreased. And also, applying ultrasonic waves would result more combustible recovery and selectivity index. The ash selectivity index had the highest impact for high feed ash content.
Co-pyrolysis of South African bituminous coal and Scenedesmus microalgae: Kinetics and synergistic effects study
Authors: Nyoni Bothwell , Duma Sifundo , Bolo Lukanyo , Shabangu Shaka , Hlangothi Shanganyane P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, the co-pyrolysis of coal and algae is explored with special emphasis on decomposition kinetics and the possibility of the existence of synergistic effects. Modelling and kinetics analysis based approaches were used for the investigation of the existence of synergistic effects. The co-pyrolysis kinetics was studied using the model-free, Coats–Redfern integral method. The kinetics were evaluated for 1st and 2nd order reaction models. Results reveal that Scenedesmus microalgae is characterised by a two stage decomposition process that occurs at temperature ranges of 200–400 °C and 500–700 °C with activation energy of 145.5 and 127.3 kJ/mol, respectively. Bituminous coal has a two stage, slow decomposition process that occurs at temperature ranges of 400–700 °C and above 750 °C with an activation energy of 81.8 and 649.3 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, co-pyrolysis of coal and microalgae is characterised by three stages whose kinetics are dominated by the pyrolysis of the individual materials. For the studied range of coal/algae ratios, the three pyrolysis stages occur in the approximate temperature ranges of 200–400 °C, 430–650 °C and above 750 °C, with activation energies in the ranges of 131–138, 72–78 and 864.5–1235 kJ/mol, respectively. Modelling and kinetics study showed that there is strong evidence of interactions between coal and microalgae that manifest as synergistic effects especially in the second and third stages of decomposition.
Multiplied Configurations Induced by Quasi Difference Sets
Authors: Petelczyc Krzysztof , Prażmowski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2020

AbstractQuasi difference sets are introduced as a tool to produce partial linear spaces. We characterize geometry and automorphisms of configurations decomposable into components induced by quasi difference sets. In particular, we are interested in series of cyclically inscribed copies of a fixed configuration.