bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Changes After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Osteopetrosis
Authors: Shapiro Galina , Fishleder Jorge , Stepensky Polina , Simanovsky Naum , Goldman Vladimir , Lamdan Ron 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Osteopetrosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia resulting from an osteoclast defect leading to increased bone mass and density. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can rescue the disease phenotype and prevent complications. However, little is known about the skeletal changes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation induces in patients with this disease. The purpose of this study was to describe the skeletal changes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with osteopetrosis in one medical center over 13 years. For this purpose, all available epidemiological, hematological, biochemical, and radiographic data were collected and quantitatively analyzed. We found a significant early change in bone metabolism markers coinciding with hematopoietic recovery after stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation induced a later significant improvement in both skeletal mineral distribution and morphology but did not lead to complete radiological normalization. Presumably, changes in bone metabolism, skeletal mineral distribution, and morphology were the result of renewed osteoclast function enabling bone remodeling. We propose that biochemical bone metabolism markers and radiological indices be routinely used to evaluate response to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with osteopetrosis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bifid iliopsoas tendon as a cause for internal snapping hip syndrome: A case report
Authors: Liebeskind Bernard , Olinger Kristen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSnapping hip syndrome, or coxa saltans, can result in significant clinical manifestations in patients including pain and limited mobility. A variety of both intra‐ and extra‐articular pathologies have been implicated in snapping hip, including an anatomic variant known as the bifid iliopsoas tendon which has been briefly described in the literature. We report a case of a bifid iliopsoas tendon leading to internal snapping hip syndrome which was ultimately successfully treated with surgical release, including review of the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and dynamic sonographic findings.
Results from a difference‐in‐differences evaluation of health facility HIV and key population stigma‐reduction interventions in Ghana
Authors: Nyblade Laura , Addo Nii A , Atuahene Kyeremeh , Alsoufi Nabil , Gyamera Emma , Jacinthe Suzie , Leonard Madeline , Mingkwan Pia , Stewart Christin , Vormawor Richard , Kraemer John D 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionStigma undermines all aspects of a comprehensive HIV response, as reflected in recent global initiatives for stigma‐reduction. Yet a commensurate response to systematically tackle stigma within country responses has not yet occurred, which may be due to the lack of sufficient evidence documenting evaluated stigma‐reduction interventions. With stigma present in all life spheres, health facilities offer a logical starting point for developing and expanding stigma reduction interventions. This study evaluates the impact of a “total facility” stigma‐reduction intervention on the drivers and manifestations of stigma and discrimination among health facility staff in Ghana.MethodsWe evaluated the impact of a total facility stigma‐reduction intervention by comparing five intervention to five comparable non‐intervention health facilities in Ghana. Interventions began in September 2017. Data collection was in June 2017 and April 2018. The primary outcomes were composite indicators for three stigma drivers, self‐reported stigmatizing avoidance behaviour, and observed discrimination. The principal intervention variable was whether the respondent worked at an intervention or comparison facility. We estimated intervention effects as differences‐in‐differences in each outcome, further adjusted using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).ResultsWe observed favourable intervention effects for all outcome domains except for stigmatizing attitudes. Preferring not to provide services to people living with HIV (PLHIV) or a key population member improved 11.1% more in intervention than comparison facility respondents (95% CI 3.2 to 19.0). Other significant improvements included knowledge of policies to protect against discrimination (difference‐in‐differences = 20.4%; 95% CI 12.7 to 28.0); belief that discrimination would be punished (11.2%; 95% CI 0.2 to 22.3); and knowledge of and belief in the adequacy of infection control policies (17.6%; 95% CI 8.3 to 26.9). Reported observation of stigma and discrimination incidents fell by 7.4 percentage points more among intervention than comparison facility respondents, though only marginally significant in the IPTW‐adjusted model (p = 0.06). Respondents at intervention facilities were 19.0% (95% CI 12.2 to 25.8) more likely to report that staff behaviour towards PLHIV had improved over the last year than those at comparison facilities.ConclusionsThese results provide a foundation for scaling up health facility stigma‐reduction within national HIV responses, though they should be accompanied by rigorous implementation science to ensure ongoing learning and adaptation for maximum effectiveness and long‐term impact.
Further evidence on the relationship between abdominal aortic aneurysm and periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Salhi Leila , Sakalihasan Natzi , Okroglic Ambre Gau , Labropoulos Nicos , Seidel Laurence , Albert Adelin , Teughels Wim , Defraigne Jean‐Olivier , Lambert France 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by Gram‐negative bacteria responsible for the degradation of tissues surrounding tooth. Moreover, periopathogens can invade the bloodstream, disseminate and promote cardiovascular disease, such as the link between Porphyromonas gingivalis and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study compared patients with stable AAA (n = 30) and patients with unstable AAA (n = 31) based on aortic diameter, growth rate, and eligibility for surgical intervention. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded as well as the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area and the Periodontal Index for Risk of Infectiousness (PIRI). Microbiological analyses were performed on saliva and supragingival and subgingival plaque. Quantification of Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) was done by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe two AAA groups were homogeneous for age, sex, and most risk factors except hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Periodontal parameters were comparable but the proportion of patients with high PIRI scores was greater in those with unstable AAA (51.6% versus 23.3%). The probing depth (PD) and the proportion of PD >6 mm were positively correlated with AAA size and thrombus volume. Several associations were found between periopathogens such as Pg and AAA diameters and volumes, but no difference could be evidenced between stable and unstable AAA groups.ConclusionsPeriodontitis was highly prevalent in both stable and unstable AAA patients. Severe and progressive periodontitis (stage IV and grade C) tended to be more frequent in the group of patients with unstable AAA. Moreover, Pg was observed in all the samples (saliva, supragingival, and subgingival plaque) and was correlated with AAA diameters and volumes. The study evidenced potential relationships between periodontitis severity and size of AAA.
Identifying the accidental‐natural mortality of leporids in the archaeological record: insights from a taphonomical analysis of a pitfall without evidence of human presence
Authors: Pelletier Maxime , Desclaux Emmanuel , Mallye Jean‐Baptiste , CrÉgut‐Bonnoure Evelyne 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTLeporids (Lagomorpha, Mammalia), especially the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), have been among the most abundant small game in western Europe since the Pleistocene. These animals are preferred prey for more than 40 predators, which increases the chances of finding their skeletal remains at archaeological or natural sites, and in particular karstic formations alternately occupied by Palaeolithic human societies and other predators. Moreover, specific eco‐ethological characteristics for both species also offer the possibility to produce a substantial quantity of their bones accumulated by natural mortality without predation, making it more difficult to identify their origin in the fossil record. Despite this fact, the taphonomic signature of accidental‐natural accumulations of leporids in karsts, such as pitfalls, has never been properly characterised. In order to address these issues, we carried out a detailed taphonomic study of leporid remains in a pitfall without any evidence of human activity, namely at Coulet des Roches (Monieux, Vaucluse, south‐eastern France). At this site, leporids are the most abundant species throughout the Last Glacial Maximum sedimentary sequence. The bone accumulation was analysed in order to determine the most relevant criteria to identify a natural accumulation that results from the accidental fall of individuals in the pitfall. The relative proportions of each species are consistent with their current ethology, and their mortality profiles are compatible with the structure of a living natural population. The completeness rate of the different skeletal portions for both species is relatively high, bones are less fragmented and, unlike what might be expected, very few anatomical connections were preserved. The observed anatomical representation, breakage, and bone surface modification patterns are discussed and compared with available data concerning accumulations with predation. Taken together, the identified criteria contribute valuable help in the recognition of accidental mortality in the fossil record, as well as to evaluate the proportion of leporid bones accumulated naturally and those accumulated by predation, human or not, in a deposit.
Simultaneous determination of terpenes and cannabidiol in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by fast gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Authors: Bakro Fatema , Jedryczka Malgorzata , Wielgusz Katarzyna , Sgorbini Barbara , Inchingolo Raffaella , Cardenia Vladimiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has become widely used in several sectors due to the presence of various bioactive compounds such as terpenes and cannabidiol. In general, terpenes and cannabidiol content is determined separately, which is time consuming. Thus, a fast gas chromatography with flame ionization detection method was validated for simultaneous determination of both terpenes and cannabidiol in hemp. The method enabled a rapid detection of 29 different terpenes and cannabidiol within a total analysis time of 16 min, with satisfactory sensitivity (limit of detection = 0.03–0.27 µg/mL, limit of quantitation = 0.10–0.89 µg/mL). The inter‐ and intraday precision (RSD) was <7.82 and <3.59%, respectively. Recoveries at two spiked concentration levels (low, 3.15 µg/mL; high, 20.0 µg/mL) were determined on both apical leaves (78.55–101.52%) and inflorescences (77.52–107.10%). The reproducibility (RSD) was <5.94 and <5.51% in apical leaves and inflorescences, respectively. The proposed and validated method is highly sensitive, robust, fast, and accurate for determination of the main terpenes and cannabidiol in hemp and could be routinely used for quality control.
The Nasal Swell Body and Septal Perforation Repair
Authors: Ghorab Saba , Taylor Cullen M. , Bansberg Stephen F. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo review our experience with secondary surgery for persistent nasal obstruction following successful septal perforation repair and describe the potential contribution of the nasal swell body (NSB) to obstruction.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsIRB‐approved retrospective chart review of perforation repairs utilizing bilateral mucosal flaps performed by the senior author from October 2008 through April 2019 was performed. Patients who underwent secondary surgery for persistent nasal obstruction were identified. Data regarding patient demographics, perforation characteristics, primary closure technique, and secondary surgical procedures for persistent postoperative obstruction were analyzed. Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores were assessed pre and post revision surgery.ResultsThirty‐four patients (14.7% of 232 successful repairs) met study criteria. Of those, 30 patients underwent revision septal surgery. An inferiorly advanced NSB was surgically reduced in 9.9% (23/232) of patients following successful closure to improve persistent obstruction. There was no incidence of reperforation. All patients undergoing NSB reduction reported improved nasal airflow postoperatively and 13 completed the NOSE questionnaire. The mean preoperative NOSE score (95% CI) was 52.7 (42.2–63.2; median, 50). The mean postoperative NOSE score (95% CI) was 19.2 (12.8–25.6; median, 15). The difference between the preoperative and postoperative NOSE scores was statistically significant (P< .001).ConclusionsRepair of a septal perforation using a superior bipedicle flap carries the potential for the NSB to contribute to persistent postoperative nasal obstruction. The swell body can be surgically reduced, without re‐perforation, to relieve obstructive symptoms in the patient with a successful perforation repair.Level of EvidenceIVLaryngoscope, 2020
Reproducible and Bendable SERS Substrates with Tailored Wettability Using Block Copolymers and Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates
Authors: Lin Yu‐Liang , Karapala Vamsi Krishna , Shen Ming‐Hui , Chen Yi‐Fan , He Hung‐Chieh , Chang Chia‐Jui , Chang Yu‐Ching , Lu Tien‐Chang , Liau Ian , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSurface properties are essential for substrates exhibiting high sensitivity in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. In this work, novel SERS hybrid substrates using polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) and anodic aluminum oxide templates is presented. The hybrid substrates not only possess hierarchical porous nanostructures but also exhibit superhydrophilic surface properties with the water contact angle ≈0°. Such surfaces play an important role in providing uniform enhanced intensities over large areas (relative standard deviation ≈10%); moreover, these substrates are found to be highly sensitive (limit of detection ≈10−12 m for rhodamine 6G (R6G)). The results show that the hybrid SERS substrates can achieve the simultaneous detection of multicomponent mixtures of different target molecules, such as R6G, crystal violet, and methylene blue. Furthermore, the bending experiments show that about 70% of the SERS intensities are maintained after bending from ≈30° to 150°.
Patient perspectives on variant reclassification after cancer susceptibility testing
Authors: Halverson Colin M. E. , Connors Laurie M. , Wessinger Bronson C. , Clayton Ellen W. , Wiesner Georgia L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the impact of reclassification on patients’ perception of medical uncertainty or trust in genetics‐based clinical care.MethodsSemistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 20 patients who had received a reclassified genetic test result related to hereditary cancer. All participants had undergone genetic counseling and testing for cancer susceptibility at Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center Hereditary Cancer Clinic within the last six years.ResultsMost of the participants did not express distress related to the variant reclassification and only a minority expressed a decrease in trust in medical genetics. However, recall of the new interpretation was limited, even though all participants were recontacted by letter, phone, or clinic visit.ConclusionReclassification of genetic tests is an important issue in modern healthcare because changes in interpretation have the potential to alter previously recommended management. Participants in this study did not express strong feelings of mistrust or doubt about their genetic evaluation. However, there was a low level of comprehension and information retention related to the updated report. Future research can build on this study to improve communication with patients about their reclassified results.
A smoothed particle hydrodynamics modelling of soil–water mixing and resulting changes in average strength
Authors: Zhang Wangcheng , Randolph Mark F. 
Published: April 2020

SummarySoil–water interaction is a pivotal process in many underwater geohazards such as underwater landslides where soil sediments gradually evolve into turbidity currents after interactions with ambient water. Due to the large deformations, multiphase interactions and phase changes this involves, investigations from numerical modelling of the transition process have been limited so far. This study explores a simple numerical replication of such soil–water mixing with respect to changes in average strength using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). A uniform viscoplastic model is used for both the solid‐like and fluid‐like SPH particles. The proposed numerical solution scheme is verified by single‐phase dam break tests and multiphase simple shear tests. SPH combinations of solid‐like and fluid‐like particles can replicate the clay–water mixture as long as the liquidity index of the solid‐like particles is larger than unity. The proposed numerical scheme is shown to capture key features of an underwater landslide such as hydroplaning, water entrainment and wave generation and thus shows promise as a tool to simulate the whole process of subaquatic geohazards involving solid–fluid transition during mass transport.
Metal activated carbon as an efficient filler for high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Nisar Muhammad , Thue Pascal S. , Maghous Myriam B. , Geshev Julian , Lima Eder C. , Einloft Sandra 
Published: April 2020

Abstractinteresting properties of magnetic nanocomposites have attracted attention of both academic and industrial researchers. In this work, thermal, mechanical, morphological, and magnetic properties of polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites were inspected using carbon‐based magnetic fillers (CNi, CCo, and CFe). The melt mixing method was employed to prepare the nanocomposites using small amounts of filler ranging up to 2 wt%. Wood sawdust pyrolysis produces carbonized material activated by Ni, Co, or Fe salts and used as filler. The structural analysis was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicating that the polymer chemical structure remains unaltered with the filler addition. Thermal stability of nanocomposites as well as the determination of metal amount in the carbon‐based fillers was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Filler introduction enhanced the onset and the maximum degradation temperatures up to 11°C and 8°C, respectively. The crystallization and melting temperatures examined by differential scanning calorimetry remained unchanged as compared to neat PE whereas the percent crystallinity was improved up to 8%. The incorporation of the filler leads to the improvement in the elastic modulus of the polymer matrix. The addition of 2.0 wt% of the metal‐carbonized filler in the diamagnetic polymer resulted in a thermoplastic nanocomposite with ferromagnetic behavior.
Injection moldable rate stiffening re‐entrant cell arrays for wearable impact protection
Authors: Plant Daniel , Leevers Patrick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe rigid cellular materials widely used for personal impact protection can be effective but tend to be inconveniently thick, and to be less effective after a first impact. A macroscopically structured panel material, molded as a two‐dimensional matrix of re‐entrant cells, has been specifically designed and optimized for body‐worn protection. These panels are injection molded from a blend of rate‐stiffening polyborodimethylsiloxane with a thermoplastic elastomer, optimized to minimize the impact force transmitted to the anvil in standard drop‐weight tests even as monolithic slab specimens. The concurrently designed, impact‐protective molded panels offer equivalent protection in thinner, lighter, and more wearable layers. Their re‐entrant cellular structure and rate‐stiffening material allow them to conform easily to individual wearers and to allow free movement at normal rates, while offering enhanced protection under one or more impacts at the same location.
Fear of disease progression and relevant correlates in acute leukemia patients prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Thiele Sandra , Goebel Simone , Kröger Nicolaus , Pedersen Anya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivePrior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and despite the high objective risks associated with HSCT, fear of progression (FoP) has only sparsely been studied in patients with acute leukemia until now. The aim of this study was the assessment of the prevalence of FoP, and any relevant correlates and typical concerns.MethodsWe included 59 adult patients with acute leukemia who were tested prior to their first HSCT during an in‐patient stay. Patients completed self‐report measures assessing FoP (Fear of Progression Questionnaire‐Short Form, FoP‐Q‐SF) and relevant correlates of FoP (eg, patients' physical state, depression, psychosocial distress, or social support).ResultsAbout one third of the patients (35.6%; n = 21) had high FoP. Higher FoP was associated with previous cancer diagnosis, as well as depression, anxiety, reduced physical functioning, lower mental health‐related quality of life, and lower positive social support. The greatest fears reported by these patients reflected common fears of cancer patients (eg, fear about leaving their families behind), but also specific fears related to the current situation (eg, fear of severe medical treatments during the course of the illness).ConclusionsThis was the first study providing an extensive analysis of FoP in leukemia patients prior to the extreme situation of HSCT. FoP is frequent and of major clinical importance for these patients. Hence, we recommend that patients undergo routine screening for FoP, to identify highly distressed patients at an early stage, and to offer targeted support.