bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Factors Determining Voter Turnouts in Presidential Elections in Nigeria: Multivariate Correlation Analysis of the 2019 Presidential Election
Authors: Adigun Olalekan Waheed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeople’s active participation in elections is one of the key measures of electoral democracy. The people’s lack of interests or apathy in elections tends to undervalue the democratic process, engender mistrust in political institutions, and enthrone unaccountable leadership. This is why voter turnout is a crucial aspect of electoral studies. Even though Nigeria has successfully undergone two decades of uninterrupted democracy, she may not be too fast in imbibing the tenets of electoral democracy which presupposes active people’s participation in the electoral process. This is because there has been a conspicuous decline in voter turnouts in presidential elections since 2003. There are several factors responsible for this decline. This paper analysed three key variables – violence, socioeconomic factors, and candidate’s popularity - with the use of Multivariate Correlation Analysis (a statistical procedure that calculates correlation coefficients of two or more variables to determine the strengths of their relationships). The study, therefore, finds that of the three variables, candidate’s popularity as indicated by voters’ preferences for candidate’s/running mate’s tribe, political party, and trust in candidate’s abilities provide stronger evidence of the declining turnouts in Nigerian presidential elections.
Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer and Genomic Uncertainty: A QuantCrit Mini-Review
Authors: Gerido Lynette Hammond 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAfrican American women are 39-44% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women. This stable racial disparity in mortality rates has persisted since the 1980s and is unlikely to improve unless specific factors leading to disparities are discovered. Racial health disparities should be understood in the context of stable racialized social structures that determine differential access to information. The purpose of this study is to consider how recent quantitative studies using HINTS data might benefit from a critical race agenda to capture the nuances of African American women’s information behaviors, genetic testing awareness, and testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations.
Analytic determinants and inverses of Toeplitz and Hankel tridiagonal matrices with perturbed columns
Authors: Fu Yaru , Jiang Xiaoyu , Jiang Zhaolin , Jhang Seongtae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, our main attention is paid to calculate the determinants and inverses of two types Toeplitz and Hankel tridiagonal matrices with perturbed columns. Specifically, the determinants of the n × n Toeplitz tridiagonal matrices with perturbed columns (type I, II) can be expressed by using the famous Fibonacci numbers, the inverses of Toeplitz tridiagonal matrices with perturbed columns can also be expressed by using the well-known Lucas numbers and four entries in matrix 𝔸. And the determinants of the n×n Hankel tridiagonal matrices with perturbed columns (type I, II) are (−1]) {\left( { - 1} \right)^{{{n\left( {n - 1} \right)} \over 2}}} times of the determinant of the Toeplitz tridiagonal matrix with perturbed columns type I, the entries of the inverses of the Hankel tridiagonal matrices with perturbed columns (type I, II) are the same as that of the inverse of Toeplitz tridiagonal matrix with perturbed columns type I, except the position. In addition, we present some algorithms based on the main theoretical results. Comparison of our new algorithms and some recent works is given. The numerical result confirms our new theoretical results. And we show the superiority of our method by comparing the CPU time of some existing algorithms studied recently.
Coordination chemistry of Be2+ ions with chelating oxygen donor ligands: further insights using electrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Raymond Onyekachi , Henderson William , Brothers Penelope J. , Plieger Paul G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) behaviour of various complexes of beryllium have been investigated in the work described in this paper. These beryllium complexes were analysed in situ on a small scale by preparing appropriate molar mixtures of the Be2+ ion with ligands in a range of solvent systems. In view of the toxicity of beryllium compounds, this combinatorial type screening, involving miniscule amounts of material in solution, proved to be a safe strategy to pursue the coordination chemistry of beryllium. A variety of beryllium complexes were generated with various ligands in solutions and subjected to detailed characterisation by ESI-MS. These ligands, containing functional groups or architecture of interest, varied from simple ligands such as the acetate ion to more common beryllium chelators including hydroxy keto ligands (maltol, tropolone), malonic acid, chromotropic acid and citric acid. Generally, there was excellent correlation between the species observed in the mass spectrum and those confirmed to exist in solution by other techniques. This lent strong credence to the ESI-MS methodology used as an efficient analytical technique for the easy screening of a diverse range of potential ligands for the divalent beryllium ion.
Crystallographic study of a heteroleptic chloroberyllium borohydride carbodicarbene complex
Authors: Walley Jacob E. , Dickie Diane A. , Gilliard Robert J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Interest in beryllium, the lightest member of group 2 elements, has grown substantially within the synthetic community. Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structure of a heteroleptic haloberyllium borohydride bis(1-isopropyl-3-methyl-benzimidazol-2-ylidene)methane ‘carbodicarbene’ (CDC) complex [(CDC)BeCl(BH4)]. Crystallographic data: Triclinic space group P1̅, a = 8.8695(14), b = 12.394(2), c = 16.844(3) Å, α = 102.395(4), β = 96.456(4), γ = 99.164(4)°, wR2 (all data) = 0.2706 for 6720 unique data and 357 refined parameters.
Primary hyperparathyroidism as first manifestation in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A: an international multicenter study
Authors: Larsen Louise Vølund , Mirebeau-Prunier Delphine , Imai Tsuneo , Alvarez-Escola Cristina , Hasse-Lazar Kornelia , Censi Simona , Castroneves Luciana A , Sakurai Akihiro , Kihara Minoru , Horiuchi Kiyomi , Barbu Véronique Dorine , Borson-Chazot Francoise , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Pigny Pascal , Pinson Stephane , Wohllk Nelson , Eng Charis , Aydogan Berna Imge , Saranath Dhananjaya , Dvorakova Sarka , Castinetti Frederic , Patocs Attila , Bergant Damijan , Links Thera P , Peczkowska Mariola , Hoff Ana O , Mian Caterina , Dwight Trisha , Jarzab Barbara , Neumann Hartmut P H , Robledo Mercedes , Uchino Shinya , Barlier Anne , Godballe Christian , Mathiesen Jes Sloth 
Published: May 2020

Objective
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) is a rare syndrome caused by RET germline mutations and has been associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in up to 30% of cases. Recommendations on RET screening in patients with apparently sporadic PHPT are unclear. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cases presenting with PHPT as first manifestation among MEN 2A index cases and to characterize the former cases.

Design and methods
An international retrospective multicenter study of 1085 MEN 2A index cases. Experts from MEN 2 centers all over the world were invited to participate. A total of 19 centers in 17 different countries provided registry data of index cases followed from 1974 to 2017.

Results
Ten cases presented with PHPT as their first manifestation of MEN 2A, yielding a prevalence of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.4–1.6). 9/10 cases were diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in relation to parathyroid surgery and 1/10 was diagnosed 15 years after parathyroid surgery. 7/9 cases with full TNM data were node-positive at MTC diagnosis.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the prevalence of MEN 2A index cases that present with PHPT as their first manifestation is very low. The majority of index cases presenting with PHPT as first manifestation have synchronous MTC and are often node-positive. Thus, our observations suggest that not performing RET mutation analysis in patients with apparently sporadic PHPT would result in an extremely low false-negative rate, if no other MEN 2A component, specifically MTC, are found during work-up or resection of PHPT.
Post first-line dacarbazine or temozolomide in neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Couronne Thomas , Girot Paul , Hadoux Julien , Lecomte Thierry , Durand Alice , Fine Caroline , Vandevoorde Katia , Lombard-Bohas Catherine , Walter Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Objective
First-line chemotherapy in metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) is based on etoposide and platinum. However, there is no standard concerning second-line treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy and tolerance of dacarbazine or temozolomide in metastatic digestive NEC as post first-line treatment.

Material and methods
This study included patients with a metastatic NEC of digestive or unknown primary site. All patients received platinum-etoposide as first-line chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were clinical/morphological responses, toxicity, and overall survival (OS).

Results
Twenty-seven patients were included: 17 received dacarbazine and 10 temozolomide as post-first line treatments. Median PFS was 3.0 (95%CI (2.2;3.7)) months. There was no significant difference between dacarbazine and temozolomide on PFS. Clinical and morphological responses were found in 12 and 9 patients, respectively. Median OS was 7.2 (95%CI (2.2;12.2)) months. The toxicity profile was that expected with such treatments.

Conclusion
LV5FU2-dacarbazine or temozolomide-capecitabine chemotherapies allow a temporary clinical response for almost half of patients and/or a morphological response for a third of patients.
JOVENES Y AISLADAS PERO DIVERSAS: ESTRUCTURA Y COMPOSICIÓN FLORÍSTICA DE MATAS DE MONTE EN ARAUCA
Authors: Perez Buitrago Nestor Fernando , Guio Blanco Paola Andrea , Mijares Santana Francisco Javier 
Published: May 2020

Se analizó la estructura y composición florística de tres fragmentos de bosque rodeados de sabana inundable, localmente llamados “matas de monte”, en la zona rural del municipio de Arauca (Arauca). En cada mata de monte (MM), el área de muestreo fue de 1000 m2 (0,1 ha) para la vegetación arbórea (DAP ≥ 10 cm), 500 m2 para la vegetación arbustiva (DAP: 5 – 9,9 cm) y 10 m2 para la vegetación herbácea (DAP < 5 cm). Se registraron 40 familias, 79 géneros y 84 especies. Las familias con mayor riqueza de especies fueron Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae y Euphorbiaceae. Las especies con mayores Índices de Valor de Importancia (IVI) fueron Sapium glandulosum en la MM1 (36,2 %) y MM2 (23,9 %) y Vitex orinocensis var. multiflora en la MM3 (40,1 %). Las MM estudiadas pueden ser descritas como bosques secundarios multiestratificados en estado de regeneración con doseles de hasta 15 m de altura y con rasgos florísticos similares a los bosques semideciduos y deciduos de los Llanos de Venezuela. En 1994 y basados en fotos aéreas, se evidencia que las áreas donde existen actualmente las matas de monte eran zonas de cultivo con ningún tipo de vegetación boscosa. Esta cronología de eventos refleja un aspecto fundamental de muchos sistemas biológicos e importante para la biología de la conservación que es la capacidad de recuperación de la naturaleza si se dan las circunstancias de tiempo y espacio para que lo haga.
VALOR TAXONÓMICO DE NUEVOS CARACTERES ANATÓMICOS DE LA LÁMINA FOLIAR DE TRES ESPECIES DE Cecropia (URTICACEAE: CECROPIAE) EN CÓRDOBA, COLOMBIA.
Authors: Varilla González Jean David , Ruíz Vega Rosalba 
Published: May 2020

Se describen las características anatómicas de la epidermis foliar y mesófilo de las especies Cecropia longipes, C. membranacea y C. peltata. El material vegetal fue recolectado en Córdoba- Colombia. Se realizaron disociaciones epidérmicas y cortes transversales de la lámina media mediante técnicas histológicas convencionales. Los caracteres evaluados: forma y el contorno de las células epidérmicas, indumento aracnoideo abaxial, organización de las células de la base de los tricomas, idioblastos epidérmicos, tipo y distribución de los estomas, mostraron diferencias que permiten separar a C. membranacea de las otras especies. Las especies C. longipes y C. peltata son similares en la anatomía de la lámina foliar, sin embargo, es posible distinguirlas teniendo en cuenta la epidermis pluriestratificada y proporción del parénquima clorofiliano, aunque estas características no se presentaron en todas las muestras. Los caracteres evaluados son útiles desde el punto de vista taxonómico y pueden contribuir a la identificación de las especies de la tribu Cecropieae.
Segment–zero alternations in Galician definite article allomorphy
Authors: Ulfsbjorninn Shanti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGalician presents an intriguing case of opaque phonologically-conditioned definite article allomorphy (PCA). Though Galician features in the general literature on PCA (Nevins 2011), there is a surprising lack of synchronic theoretical discussion of this specific pattern. The data appears to require allomorph selection arranged in a system of Priority (Mascaró 2005; Bonet et al. 2003; 2007). The pattern involves opaque segment ‘deletion’ and resyllabification, where segment deletion counterbleeds allomorph insertion along with morphologically-specific segmental changes. A Strict CV representational reanalysis is proposed in which there is no true allomorphy (no selection between competing underlying morphemes). All the forms are generated from a single underlying form, thereby undercutting PRIORITY.
Traumatismo dentário com sucesso no reimplante – um relato de caso
Authors: De Figueiredo Gabriela Escóssia , Ribeiro de Miranda André Luis , Ferreira Maria Cristina Duarte , Lima Sonia Maria de , Jóias Renato Morales , Jóias Renata Pilli 
Published: May 2020

Avulsão dentária está relacionada com causas extrínsecas como acidentes e violência. Tendo alta incidência em crianças de 7-12 anos, sendo os incisivos centrais superiores os dentes mais acometidos. Paciente YD, 9 anos de idade, gênero masculino, buscou atendimento na clínica infantil/UMESP acompanhado da mãe com queixa principal de estética/emocional decorrente da perda do elemento 21 e extrusão do 11 após queda de bicicleta. Imediatamente após queda, a criança foi para Santa Casa onde realizaram contenção do elemento 11, porém não houve reimplante do 21, pois este foi perdido. Ao exame clínico, foi observada extrusão e infra-oclusão de aproximadamente 4mm do elemento 11 e intrusão dos elementos 12 e 22. Foi realizada radiografia periapical modificada anterior superior para analisar a situação periodontal e integrar plano de tratamento. A contenção foi removida, observando uma mobilidade no 11. Confeccionou-se aparelho removível superior estético com alças para intrusão. Utilizou-se elástico de 3/16” leve, com 20gF, para intrusão do 11 até a altura do provisório 21. Em 15 dias observou-se que o dente estava quase reposicionado, faltando apenas 1mm para alcançar a altura correta e não havia mobilidade. Foi diagnosticada necrose do elemento 11, após o teste de vitalidade, provavelmente devido ao trauma. Desse modo, o mesmo foi encaminhado para avaliação endodôntica. A intrusão do 11 ocorreu com sucesso e, até que o paciente tenha idade suficiente para realização do implante do 21, deverá ser mantido aparelho estético/funcional ou contenção.
Efeito de diferentes soluções ácidas na corrosão de Arcos Niti ou Aço
Authors: Feitosa de Oliveira Leticia , Hian da Silva Lucas , Maeda Fernando Akio , Triviño Tarcila 
Published: May 2020

Corrosão é um processo natural que ocorre quando um metal entra em contato com soluções ácidas. Esse fenômeno provoca danos estruturais aos fios ortodônticos de ligas de NiTi e Aço inoxidável.Trinta amostras com 10mm de comprimento, obtidas de arcos superiores de NiTi superelástico e de arcos de Aço, embebidos em ácido cítrico industrializado, solução de sprite e à base de cola. Cada grupo de solução foram embebidas, por 90 minutos, 05 unidades de segmentos de fio de cada liga, por 21 dias consecutivos, compondo 6 grupos experimentais. Após esse procedimento, analisou as amostras por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV).
Editorial: El discurso de la flexibilidad en el currículo del Instituto de Educación Física de la Universidad de Antioquia
Authors: Urrego León 
Published: May 2020

Este ensayo desarrolla una revisión al estado y la implementación de la idea de flexibilidad en el proyecto educativo del Instituto de Educación Física (IUEF), de la Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) para plantear este análisis se ha apelado a la revisión de la documentación que dicha institución ofrece sobre el proceso de transformación, seguimiento y desarrollo curricular; además se apela a la guía teórica y conceptual de las ideas de Díaz-Villa y Nieto. El análisis va acompañado de algunas ideas que permiten visualizar posibles acciones a implementar con el propósito de cualificar el ideal de flexibilidad en el proyecto educativo revisado.
The first consistent inventory of rock glaciers and their hydrological catchments of the Austrian Alps
Authors: Wagner Thomas , Pleschberger Roswitha , Kainz Simon , Ribis Markus , Kellerer-Pirklbauer Andreas , Krainer Karl , Philippitsch Rudolf , Winkler Gerfried 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A first consistent and homogenized polygon-based inventory of rock glaciers of the Austrian Alps is presented. Compiling previous inventories and updating them by using digital elevation models (1 m grid resolution) derived from airborne laser scanning yield a dataset of 5769 rock glaciers in a ca. 48400 km2 large area. A consistent methodological approach for assigning attributes, stored in a detailed attribute table, was developed and applied here to improve comparability and reproducibility. The majority (60 %) of the studied landforms is considered to be relict (no permafrost); the remaining 40 % may still contain permafrost ice and are thus classified as intact. Rock glaciers range in elevation from 476 to 3312 m a.s.l. and cover a total area of 303 km2. The distribution of rock glaciers is mainly related to the topography of the Austrian Alps and related effects such as past glaciation history.
In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the hydrological catchment areas of all individual rock glaciers was carried out. A hydrological catchment analysis in rock glacier areas is of great interest for sustainable water management issues in alpine catchments as these landforms represent shallow aquifer systems with a relatively high storage and thus buffer capability, especially in crystalline bedrock areas. A total area of almost 1280 km2 is drained through rock glaciers.
The presented rock glacier and rock glacier catchment inventories provide an important basis for further research, particularly for a better understanding of the hydrogeology and geomorphology of alpine catchments and their potential alteration in the light of climate change, but also in terms of paleoglaciation and deglaciation in the Alpine Lateglacial to Holocene period. As such, the inventories are seen as an important base to stimulate further research.
Seismic Observations of Microearthquakes from the Masada Deep Borehole
Authors: Hofstetter Rami , Malin Peter , Ben-Avraham Zvi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA better understanding of the Dead Sea basin (DSB) tectonics and hazards can be achieved through high-sensitivity observations of its seismic activity. Accordingly, we have taken advantage of the Masada deep borehole (MDBI), an abandoned oil well on the western shore of the Dead Sea rift, to install a seismometer at 1516 m below sea level—a 2 Hz three-component seismometer. The MDBI station is near the east Masada fault, part of the western boundary fault of the DSB. Seismological measurements conducted at these depths can provide more information than possible with surface observations—in this case, recording 1491 high-quality seismograms as compared to 103 by the local national network. The MDBI seismograms also have significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio than the on-surface observations of nearby Israel Seismic Network (ISN) stations. This lowers the detection threshold down to well below M = 0 on the ISN scale. Many of these earthquakes, sometimes occurring in clusters, take place almost under MDBI, at depths of 10–25 km. Using cross-correlation techniques, we found several sequences of earthquake clusters underneath both the station and along the Dead Sea fault (DSF). The b-value obtained by the frequency–magnitude relationship of these events is somewhat higher than the value for the DSF area taken as a whole.
TRAJETÓRIA DOS ESTUDOS DE IMPACTO DE VIZINHANÇA EM GOIÂNIA, GO
Authors: Mourão Amanda Andrade , Figueiredo Letícia Gomes , Barros Rosana Gonçalves , Pasqualetto Antonio , Bárbara Viniciu Fagundes 
Published: May 2020

Com o objetivo de sistematizar a trajetória dos Estudos de Impacto de Vizinhança em Goiânia, GO e identificar os tipos de empreendimentos classificados como causadores de impacto no meio ambiente urbano, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória nos meses de janeiro a junho de 2015 referentes à temática do planejamento urbano e EIVs. Em contato com a Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Urbano Sustentável (SEMDUS), foram quantificados e classificados todos os EIV’s que deram entrada junto a este órgão nos anos de 2008 a 2014. Os dados coletados foram tabelados e analisados com base na Lei nº 8.646, de 23 de julho de 2008, que dispõe sobre o EIV. Após a promulgação da lei, 845 EIVs foram registrados junto à SEMDUS nos anos de 2008 a 2014, em Goiânia, GO. Dentre esses estudos, 410 são referentes a torres de telefonia móvel, seguidos de instituições de ensino (76), outras tipologias (52), casas de eventos (45), transporte rodoviário (32), comércio em geral (17), construção de edifícios/comércio (12), shopping (6), ETE/ETA (5), atividade hospitalar (3), supermercado (1). Somente após a obrigatoriedade do EIV, que a preocupação com a qualidade urbana da vizinhança de empreendimentos impactantes passou a ter efetividade no Município de Goiânia, GO.
Comparative gene expression analysis of Fas and related genes in Comparative gene expression analysis of Fas and related genes in preeclamptic and healthy women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ali Zaima , Khaliq Saba , Zaki Saima , Usman Ahmad Hafiz , Pervaiz Lone Khalid 
Published: May 2020

Background: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting about 2-10% pregnancies worldwide. mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Fas, and FasL have been reported to be altered in placental bed in preeclamptic pregnancies. We hypothesized that the expression of these genes is also altered in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in preeclampsia.
Objective: To compare the expression of Fas receptor and related genes in PBMCs of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study comprising of 18 cases and 18 controls was designed. 5 ml of venous blood was drawn and collected considering aseptic measures. Buffy coat was separated by centrifugation and stored at –20°C. Favor Prep total RNA Isolation Kit (Favorgen, Taiwan) was used for RNA extraction. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, Fas, and FasL was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in PBMCs in preeclamptic and normal pregnancies.
Results: A significant increase in mRNA expression of TNF-α, Fas, and FasL (p ≤ 0.001) was observed in PBMCs of preeclamptic pregnancies compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between the TNF-α mRNA expression and Fas and FasL (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: The results lead to the conclusion that mRNA expression of TNF-α, Fas, and FasL in the maternal PBMCs is altered in preeclamptic pregnancies and might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Key words: Preeclampsia, TNF-α, Fas, Apoptosis.