bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh wave separation using high‐resolution time‐frequency polarization filter
Authors: Kazemnia Kakhki Mohsen , Mansur Webe J. , Peters Franciane C. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObtaining geological information from seismic data motivates researchers to innovate and improve seismic wave processing tools. Polarization‐based methods have received much attention regarding their ability to discriminate between different phases of the seismic wave based on polarity. Combining the intuitive definition of polarity in the frequency domain (monochromatic waves) with the non‐stationary properties provided by time‐domain methods, time‐frequency approaches are attracting widespread interest because they localize the information extracted from the seismic waves in the joint time and frequency domains. Due to the lack of high‐resolution time‐frequency maps, the time‐frequency polarization approach was not able to resolve specific temporal polarity changes in the seismic signal. The main objective of this study was to devise a robust time‐frequency‐based polarization filtering method using high‐resolution polarization attributes obtained directly from the sparse time‐frequency map without using Eigen analysis or analytic signals. The method proposed here utilizes a computationally effective sparsity‐based adaptive S‐transform to obtain a high‐resolution polarization map of an inherently non‐stationary seismogram for the entire frequency content of the signal at different times. The superiority of the proposed method over the S‐transform method was verified using synthetic and real data sets to calculate the polarization attributes in the time‐frequency domain and separate the Rayleigh waves from the seismogram.
The health benefits, functional properties, modifications, and applications of pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein: Current status, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Ge Jiao , Sun Cui‐Xia , Corke Harold , Gul Khalid , Gan Ren‐You , Fang Yapeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the development and application of plant proteins have drawn increasing scientific and industrial interests. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important source of high‐quality vegetable protein in the human diet. Its protein components are generally considered hypoallergenic, and many studies have highlighted the health benefits associated with the consumption of pea protein. Pea protein and its hydrolysates (pea protein hydrolysates [PPH]) possess health benefits such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, and modulating intestinal bacteria activities, as well as various functional properties, including solubility, water‐ and oil‐holding capacities, and emulsifying, foaming, and gelling properties. However, the application of pea protein in the food system is limited due to its poor functional performances. Several frequently applied modification methods, including physical, chemical, enzymatic, and combined treatments, have been used for pea protein to improve its functional properties and expand its food applications. To date, different applications of pea protein in the food system have been extensively studied, for example, encapsulation for bioactive ingredients, edible films, extruded products and substitution for cereal flours, fats, and animal proteins. This article reviews the current status of the knowledge regarding pea protein, focusing on its health benefits, functional properties, and structural modifications, and comprehensively summarizes its potential applications in the food industry.
Coping with Risks from Natural Disasters on Farms in Wales – Does Insurance Have a Role?
Authors: Hill Berkeley , Bradley Dylan 
Published: June 2020

SummaryRisks faced by agricultural producers come in many forms and can be classified in different ways. Similarly, tools to enable farmers to cope with risks are diverse. This article focuses on natural disasters, which seem set to increase in frequency with global warming, and the possible use of insurance to mitigate their effects. The specific example chosen is extreme weather incidents in Wales, where heavy snow and low temperatures in localised hill and mountain areas occasionally have substantial impacts on livestock numbers and the viability of farms there. Among the policy responses considered by the Welsh Government is the use of subsidised insurance. We review the attributes of such a scheme, set up in advance of extreme weather incidents, and what factors have prevented their establishment so far. A lack of statistical evidence on past farm‐level losses is only part of the explanation; and weather incidents are only one form of impact that has to be taken into account. Even if subsidised insurance can be made to work as a policy tool, this is not necessarily the most efficient use of public funds. Welfare support as used in Wales in 2013 or education and training in resilience to risk may be preferable.
Changes in cell membrane properties and phospholipid fatty acids of bacillus subtilis induced by polyphenolic extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L
Authors: Zhu Hong‐lin , Chen Gang , Chen Sun‐ni , Wang Rui‐qi , Chen Long , Xue Hui , Jian Su‐ping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSanguisorba officinalis L. (family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae) is a plant found throughout Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and Eastern Asia. This study demonstrated the antibacterial activity of a purified polyphenolic extract (PPE) from S. officinalis L. against Bacillus subtilis using growth inhibitory and apoptosis assays, and investigated the antibacterial mechanism responsible for changes in cell membrane properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that PPE altered the cell wall and membrane properties of B. subtilis. Further determination of cell membrane integrity and permeability revealed that B. subtilis membrane integrity was more severely damaged by PPE at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) than at the minimum bactericidal concentrati on (MBC). Instead, PPE at the MBC reduced cell membrane fluidity by significantly decreasing the proportion of anteiso‐ and iso‐branched phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) from 64.17 ± 0.28% and 27.23 ± 0.03% in the control to 5.57 ± 1.06% and 6.00 ± 1.40%, respectively (P < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy revealed different effects of PPE on cell morphology, demonstrating that, at the MIC and MBC, PPE exerted antibacterial activity by disrupting the cell membrane and reducing cell membrane fluidity, respectively. Consequently, this study elucidated changes in the bacterial membrane due to exposure to PPE and its potential use as an antimicrobial agent.Practical ApplicationThe abuse of synthetic chemical preservatives raises food safety concerns; however, plant‐derived polyphenolic compounds may be a safe and effective alternative. This study demonstrated the strong antibacterial activity of a purified polyphenolic extract (PPE) of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and revealed its antibacterial mechanism against Bacillus subtilis, suggesting that it may provide a useful antimicrobial agent in food industry applications.
COVID‐19: From pathogenesis models to the first drug trials
Authors: Brüssow Harald 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe number of people infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, and sadly dying from COVID‐19, has exploded, and so the amount of literature on the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes has increased proportionately. The case numbers in some countries are beyond the epidemic peak, but the uncertainty about a second wave keeps politicians and societies under pressure. Appropriate decision‐making and winning support from the population depends on precise scientific information rather than leaving the field to scaremongers of all proveniences. This mini‐review is an update of earlier reports (Brüssow, Microb Biotechnol 2020a;13:607; Brüssow, Microb Biotechnol 2020b; https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13592).
Hill Valley University
Authors: Sainty Barbara , Wall Ed 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTHill Valley University is faced with a number of issues in the current year, including a $12 million deficit. You, CPA, are asked to analyze a number of strategic and operational issues to help the Board make important decisions regarding various program growth and cost savings opportunities. You also are asked to assess the impact of various initiatives on the university's strategic plan and its students. Some issues, such as recruiting more international students and increasing class size, may affect the student learning experience. Other issues, such as the building of a new residence and the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, may help the university increase its ranking. You, CPA, are also asked to incorporate your recommendations into a five‐year budget.
Difference in characteristics and outcomes of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, usual type in cervix: A population‐based study from SEER 18 database
Authors: Li Lihong , Du Qiang , Zhang Xun , An Jusheng , Song Yan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimCervical basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with little recognition. Our objective was to identify difference in characteristics and outcomes between BSCC and squamous cell carcinoma, usual type (SSC, UT).MethodsA total of 32 BSCC patients and 6387 SCC, UT patients, diagnosed from 2004 to 2014, were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.ResultsMore BSCC patients presented with older age as compared to SCC, UT (patients over 40 years old: 87.5% vs 60.5%, P  < .01). Univariate survival analysis shows that overall survival (OS) and disease‐specified survival (DSS) in the BSCC group were slightly better than SCC, UT group, but without statistical significance. Furthermore, BSCC presented similar prognosis in both DSS and OS compared to SCC, UT when matching other parameters with the propensity score matching methods.ConclusionBSCC tends to appear in older people. However, BSCC appears to carry a similar prognosis compared to SCC, UT.
Treatment of age‐related macular degeneration after cataract surgery: a study from the Swedish National Cataract and Macula Registers
Authors: Westborg Inger , Albrecht Susanne , Granstam Elisabet , Karlsson Niklas , Kugelberg Maria , Lundström Mats , Montan Per , Behndig Anders 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo characterize pre‐ and perioperative factors associated with treatment for wet age‐related macular degeneration (wet AMD) after cataract surgery.MethodsThis register‐based cohort study with data from the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR) and the Swedish Macula Register (SMR) from 2010 to 2017 compared eyes with and without preoperative AMD that had undergone cataract surgery and was subsequently treated for wet AMD to eyes not treated within the study period. All first‐eye surgeries registered in the NCR from 2010 to 2017 and matching eyes found in the SMR that had undergone treatment for wet AMD ≥ 1 year after the cataract procedure were included. Data for cataract surgery date, age and gender, use of a blue‐blocking IOL, preoperative visual acuity, ocular comorbidities, posterior capsule rupture and date of AMD treatment initiation were extracted.ResultsThe only independent factor associated with postoperative treatment of wet AMD in both groups was female gender (67.3% vs. 58.8%, p < 0.001 and 66.4% vs. 60.6%, p = 0.001, respectively). Older age was an independent factor in eyes without preoperative AMD (78.4 ± 6.5 vs. 73.4 ± 9.6 years, p < 0.001). A blue‐blocking IOL appeared to decrease the likelihood of subsequent wet AMD treatment slightly but not statistically significant in eyes with preoperative AMD (52.7% vs. 56.8%, p = 0.110).ConclusionsSome factors (female gender, high age) are associated with undergoing subsequent treatment for wet AMD to a higher extent. If the use of a blue‐blocking IOL offers any protection from undergoing AMD treatment after cataract surgery, such an effect must be very small.
Pneumatic retinopexy preceded by drainage of subretinal fluid for the treatment of severe bullous retinal detachment
Authors: Morescalchi Francesco , Russo Andrea , Gandolfo Federico , Carnazza Mario , Bahja Hassan , Costagliola Ciro , Semeraro Francesco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety outcomes of scleral buckling (SB) and drainage–injection–pneumoretinopexy (DIP), a modified pneumatic retinopexy technique, in which, before gas injection, subretinal fluid is drained with a simultaneous injection of balanced salt solution (BSS) in the vitreous chamber, for the treatment of severe superior bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (SBRD).MethodsThis prospective, randomized, comparative study included 58 eyes with severe SBRD that were randomized 1:1 to undergo SB or DIP. The main outcome measures included success rate, visual acuity, mean change in refractive error and surgery duration.ResultsThe primary anatomic success rate was 93% for both procedures. Both groups showed significantly improved visual acuity after surgery. The change in refractive error and surgery duration was significantly higher in the SB group. Drainage–injection–pneumoretinopexy (DIP) appeared to be less traumatic, but with a longer persistence of subretinal fluid in a greater number of patients.ConclusionOur findings suggested that both SB and DIP are safe and effective treatments yielding functional and anatomical recovery in patients with severe SBRD. However, the DIP technique may be easier and less costly, with a success rate similar to that of SB.
Gradual decline in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in paediatrics: A data warehouse–based 11‐year cohort study
Authors: Grammatico‐Guillon Leslie , Jafarzadeh S. Reza , Laurent Emeline , Shea Kimberly , Pasco Jeremy , Astagneau Pascal , Adams William , Pelton Stephen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo describe trends in antibiotic (AB) prescriptions in children in primary care over 11 years, using a large data warehouse.MethodsA retrospective cohort study assessed outpatient AB prescriptions 2007‐2017, using the Massachusetts Health Disparities Repository. The evolution of paediatric outpatient AB prescriptions was assessed using time‐series analyses through annual per cent change (APC) for the population and for children with or without comorbid condition.ResultsAbout 25 000 children were followed in primary care with 31 248 AB prescriptions reported in the data warehouse. The youngest children had more AB prescriptions. Penicillins were prescribed most frequently (46%), then macrolides (28%). One third of children had comorbid conditions, receiving significantly more antibiotics (30.3 vs 21.0 AB/100 child‐years, relative risk: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.40, 1.46). Overall AB prescription decreased over the period (APC = −5.34%, 95% CI: −7.10, −3.54), with similar trends for penicillins (APC = −5.49; 95% CI: −8.27, −2.62) and macrolides (APC = −6.46; 95% CI: −8.37, −4.58); antibiotic prescribing declined more in children with comorbid conditions.ConclusionOutpatient AB prescribing decline was gradual and consistent in paediatrics over the period. Prescription differences persisted between age groups, conditions and indication. The availability of routine care data through data warehouse fosters the surveillance automation, providing inexpensive fast tools to design appropriate antimicrobial stewardship.
Economic Predictors of Differences in Interview Faking Between Countries: Economic Inequality Matters, Not the State of Economy
Authors: König Cornelius J. , Langer Markus , Fell Clemens B. , Pathak Raghuvar Dutt , Bajwa Nida ul Habib , Derous Eva , Geißler Sanja M. , Hirose Shinichi , Hülsheger Ute , Javakhishvili Nino , Junges Nilve , Knudsen Birgit , Lee Michael S.W. , Mariani Marco G. , Nag Gopal C. , Petrescu Claudia , Robie Chet , Rohorua Halahingano , Sammel Lavinia D. , Schichtel Désirée , Titov Sergei , Todadze Ketevan , von Lautz Alexander H. , Ziem Martina 
Published: June 2020

Many companies recruit employees from different parts of the globe, and faking behavior by potential employees is a ubiquitous phenomenon. It seems that applicants from some countries are more prone to faking compared to others, but the reasons for these differences are largely unexplored. This study relates country‐level economic variables to faking behavior in hiring processes. In a cross‐national study across 20 countries, participants (N = 3,839) reported their faking behavior in their last job interview. This study used the random response technique (RRT) to ensure participants’ anonymity and to foster honest answers regarding faking behavior. Results indicate that general economic indicators (gross domestic product per capita [GDP] and unemployment rate) show negligible correlations with faking across the countries, whereas economic inequality is positively related to the extent of applicant faking to a substantial extent. These findings imply that people are sensitive to inequality within countries and that inequality relates to faking, because inequality might actuate other psychological processes (e.g., envy) which in turn increase the probability for unethical behavior in many forms.
Large‐scale genome‐wide association study identifies HLA class II variants associated with chronic HBV infection: a study from Taiwan Biobank
Authors: Huang Yu‐Han , Liao Shu‐Fen , Khor Seik‐Soon , Lin Yu‐Ju , Chen Hsuan‐Yu , Chang Ya‐Hsuan , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Lee Hye‐Won , Ko Wen‐Ya , Huang Claire , Liu Po‐Chun , Chen Yen‐Ju , Wu Ping‐Feng , Chu Hou‐Wei , Wu Pei‐Ei , Tokunaga Katsushi , Shen Chen‐Yang , Lee Mei‐Hsuan 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a great health burden with geographical variations.AimsTo explore genetic variants associated with chronic HBV infection.MethodsThe study included 15 352 participants seropositive for HBV core antibodies in Taiwan Biobank. Among them, 2591 (16.9%) seropositive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) were defined as having chronic HBV infection. All participants were examined for whole‐genome genotyping by Axiom‐Taiwan Biobank Array. The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) imputation was performed after identification of the variants within the region. Logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Correlations of different HLA allele frequencies with HBsAg seroprevalence were evaluated across worldwide populations by Pearson correlation coefficients. Epitope prediction was performed for HLA alleles using NetMHCIIpan method.ResultsLocated within a cluster of 450 single nucleotide polymorphisms in HLA class II, rs7770370 (P = 2.73 × 10−35) was significantly associated with HBV chronicity (Pcorrected < 8.6 × 10−8). Imputation analyses showed that HLA‐DPA1*02:02 and HLA‐DPB1*05:01 were associated with chronic HBV, with adjusted ORs of 1.43 (1.09‐1.89) and 1.61 (1.29‐2.01). These allele frequencies were positively correlated with global HBsAg seroprevalence, with R of 0.75 and 0.62 respectively (P < 0.05). HLA‐DRB1*13:02, HLA‐DQA1* 01:02 and HLA‐DQB1*06:09 associated with HBV chronicity negatively, with adjusted ORs of 0.31 (0.17‐0.58), 0.70 (0.56‐0.87) and 0.33 (0.18‐0.63). These HLA alleles had various binding affinities to the predicted epitopes derived from HBV nucleocapsid protein.ConclusionsHLA class II variants are relevant for chronicity after HBV acquisition.
Single‐incision laparoscopic repair for a Morgagni hernia: A case report
Authors: Furukawa Haruna , Wakasugi Masaki , Yoshikawa Yukihiro , Sueda Toshinori , Matsumura Tae , Koga Chikato , Miyagaki Hiromichi , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Kawabata Ryohei , Tsujie Masanori , Hasegawa Junichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA Morgagni hernia is a rare type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Here, a case of a Morgagni hernia repaired by SILS is presented. A 78‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital with nausea and vomiting. On CT, the transverse colon and antrum of the stomach were prolapsed into the right thoracic cavity. The herniated stomach was repositioned by emergency endoscopy, and SILS repair was performed electively. Laparoscopy showed the hernial orifice, which was 75 × 50 mm in diameter, on the right side and behind the sternum. Although the transverse colon had herniated through the defect into the right diaphragm, it was easily reduced into the abdominal cavity. Composite mesh was sutured to cover the hernial orifice. No perioperative complications or hernia recurrence have been observed in the 8 months since the surgery.
A prospective, matched comparison of ultra‐low and standard‐dose computed tomography for assessment of renal colic
Authors: Roberts Matthew J. , Williams Julia , Khadra Sam , Nalavenkata Sunny , Kam Jonathan , McCombie Steve P. , Arianayagam Mohan , Canagasingham Bertram , Ferguson Richard , Khadra Mohamed , Varol Celi , Winter Matthew , Sanaei Fardin , Loh Han , Thakkar Yogesh , Dugdale Piers , Ko Raymond 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultra‐low‐dose computed tomography (ULDCT) compared with standard‐dose CT (SDCT) in the evaluation of patients with clinically suspected renal colic, in addition to secondary features (hydroureteronephrosis, perinephric stranding) and additional pathological entities (renal masses).Patients and methodsA prospective, comparative cohort study was conducted amongst patients presenting to the emergency department with signs and symptoms suggestive of renal or ureteric colic. Patients underwent both SDCT and ULDCT. Single‐blinded review of the image sets was performed independently by three board‐certified radiologists.ResultsAmong 21 patients, the effective radiation dose was lower for ULDCT [mean (SD) 1.02 (0.16) mSv] than SDCT [mean (SD) 4.97 (2.02) mSv]. Renal and/or ureteric calculi were detected in 57.1% (12/21) of patients. There were no significant differences in calculus detection and size estimation between ULDCT and SDCT. A higher concordance was observed for ureteric calculi (75%) than renal calculi (38%), mostly due to greater detection of calculi of <3 mm by SDCT. Clinically significant calculi (≥3 mm) were detected by ULDCT with high specificity (97.6%) and sensitivity (100%) compared to overall detection (specificity 91.2%, sensitivity 58.8%). ULDCT and SDCT were highly concordant for detection of secondary features, while ULDCT detected less renal cysts of <2 cm. Inter‐observer agreement for the ureteric calculi detection was 93.9% for SDCT and 87.8% for ULDCT.ConclusionULDCT performed similarly to SDCT for calculus detection and size estimation with reduced radiation exposure. Based on this and other studies, ULDCT should be considered as the first‐line modality for evaluation of renal colic in routine practice.