bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lang bestehende Morphea und das Risiko für Plattenepithelkarzinome der Haut
Authors: Heck Johannes , Olk Joanna , Kneitz Hermann , Hamm Henning , Goebeler Matthias 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff Sklerodermie umfasst eine heterogene Gruppe fibrosierender Bindegewebserkrankungen unbekannter Ätiologie. Die Morphea (Syn.: zirkumskripte Sklerodermie) ist eine umschriebene Form der Sklerodermie, die in einigen Fällen zu (chronischen) Erosionen und Ulzerationen betroffener Hautareale führen kann. Fibrosierung, Entzündung und chronische Ulzerationen können die Entwicklung von Hauttumoren begünstigen; die Morphea stellt daher einen seltenen, aber etablierten Risikofaktor für kutane Plattenepithelkarzinome (kPEK) dar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit präsentieren wir eine Übersicht von 16 Patienten mit Morphea (15 Fallberichte, die mittels systematischer Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank PubMed identifiziert wurden; einen Fall aus unserer Klinik), die ein kPEK entwickelt hatten, und wir diskutieren mögliche zugrunde liegende Mechanismen. Die statistische Analyse ergab, dass sich kPEK auf dem Boden einer Morphea am häufigsten an der unteren Extremität manifestieren. Im Durchschnitt vergingen zehn bis zwanzig Jahre zwischen dem Beginn der Morphea und der Entstehung eines kPEK. Bei Patienten mit Morphea sollte bei Nachuntersuchungen auf Hauttumoren geachtet werden. Vor dem Einsatz von Immunsuppressiva oder Phototherapien ist angesichts des karzinogenen Potenzials dieser Therapieformen eine sorgfältige Risiko‐Nutzen‐Abwägung angezeigt.
Die Dermatofluoroskopie als Diagnoseverfahren bei verschiedenen pigmentierten Hautläsionen: Stärken und Schwächen
Authors: Hofmann Maja Ann , Keim Ulrike , Jagoda Agata , Forschner Andrea , Fink Christine , Spänkuch Iris , Tampouri Ioanna , Eigentler Thomas , Weide Benjamin , Haenssle Holger A. , Garbe Claus 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Melaninfluoreszenz von Hautläsionen kann mittels Zwei‐Photonen‐Anregung gemessen werden. Dieses als Dermatofluoroskopie bezeichnete Verfahren führt zu einer Verschiebung vom grünen Spektrum bei gutartigen melanozytären Läsionen zum roten Spektrum bei Melanomen. Diese Studie widmete sich der Frage, welche Art von pigmentierten Läsionen korrekt als melaninhaltige maligne Tumoren erkannt werden können.MethodenEs wurden 476 pigmentierte Läsionen, darunter 101 kutane Melanome, dermatofluoroskopisch untersucht. Dazu wurde die Melaninfluoreszenz Punkt für Punkt mit einem Abstand der Messpunkte von 0,2 mm gemessen. Die Ergebnisse der Dermatofluoroskopie wurden als diagnostischer Score mit einem Cut‐off‐Wert von ≥ 28 für die Diagnose melaninhaltiger maligner Tumor angegeben und mit dem Goldstandard der Histopathologie verglichen.ErgebnisseDie Differenz zwischen den diagnostischen Scores verschiedener Hauttumoren war hochsignifikant (p < 0.0001). Der dermatofluoroskopisch ermittelte Score zeigte bei den Melanomen die höchste Sensitivität (92,1 %). Bemerkenswert ist, dass die meisten pigmentierten Basalzellkarzinome (BZK, 88,9 %) als melaninhaltige maligne Tumoren erkannt wurden. Eine höhere Sensitivität für die richtige Diagnose wurde bei älteren Patienten (≥ 53 Jahre, p = 0,003), Patienten mit gebräunter Haut (p = 0,025) und bei Patienten mit Sommersprossen in der Kindheit (p = 0,046) beobachtet.SchlussfolgerungenDie Zwei‐Photonen‐Fluoreszenz ist ein innovatives Verfahren für die Diagnose pigmentierter Hautläsionen mit einer hohen Sensitivität beim Nachweis von Melanomen und pigmentierten BZK.
Relationships between the distribution of wildlife and livestock diversity
Authors: Velado‐Alonso Elena , Morales‐Castilla Ignacio , Rebollo Salvador , Gómez‐Sal Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimWild biodiversity and agrobiodiversity are affected by challenges such as agricultural intensification. However, it is unknown whether or not both components of biodiversity respond similarly to environmental factors and to these challenges. Here, we examine the spatial relationships between the distributions of wild biodiversity and agrobiodiversity, to quantify how and where they covary across the geography.LocationMainland Spain, a European region that harbours high values of both wild and agro‐ biodiversity.MethodsWe used geographically weighted regression models to analyse the spatial variation in the relationships between the distribution of wild vertebrates and environmental and agrobiodiversity variables. We modelled the spatial gradients in species richness of native terrestrial vertebrates—that is, specific groups of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals—as a function of local livestock breed richness—that is, bovine, ovine, caprine, asinine, equine and porcine—climate variables and human footprint.ResultsWe found significant covariation between the distribution of native vertebrate species richness and climate, human footprint and livestock diversity. Overall, the association between species richness of the four wild terrestrial vertebrate groups and local livestock breed richness is positive across most of the studied area. However, local breed richness of cattle and sheep breed displays contrasting patterns, where cattle breeds associate positively to most wildlife vertebrates and sheep breeds show negative associations.Main conclusionWildlife diversity distributions are significantly associated with livestock agrobiodiversity. These spatial relationships are mediated by large‐scale environmental gradients. Since both, wildlife and livestock agrobiodiversity, tend to co‐occur spatially, future strategies for conservation in agricultural landscapes could benefit from integrated approaches.
Climate–diversity relationships underlying cross‐taxon diversity of the African fauna and their implications for conservation
Authors: Pinkert Stefan , Zeuss Dirk , Dijkstra Klaas‐Douwe B. , Kipping Jens , Clausnitzer Viola , Brunzel Stefan , Brandl Roland 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimMany taxa show remarkable similarities in their diversity patterns, and these similarities are commonly used to define large‐scale conservation priorities. Here, we investigated the relative importance of contemporary climate and climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum for determining the species richness and rarity patterns of four animal taxa. We assessed the extent to which diversity patterns are congruent across taxa because of similar responses to these climatic aspects, and we identify regions that are disproportionately diverse due to their palaeoclimatic stability.LocationSub‐Saharan Africa.Time periodLGM–contemporary.Major taxa studiedMammal, bird, amphibian and dragonfly species.MethodsDiversity patterns were predicted based on their relationships with contemporary climate and Quaternary climate change, respectively. Climate–diversity relationships were modelled with and without accounting for spatial autocorrelation. For raw and predicted diversity patterns, cross‐taxon congruence and the coverage of diversity hotspots by protected areas were determined.ResultsSpecies richness and rarity of all taxa increased with increasing temperature and precipitation, but also with increasing palaeoclimatic stability. Cross‐taxon congruence was higher for predictions based on contemporary climate than for predictions based on Quaternary climate change. Protected areas covered 17%–37% of the species richness and rarity hotspots and approximately 6% fewer hotspots of the underlying signatures of Quaternary climate change (i.e. biodiversity refugia).Main conclusionsBoth contemporary climate and past climatic changes strongly affect species richness and rarity patterns. However, whereas contemporary climate–diversity relationships are largely congruent across taxa, signatures of Quaternary climate change differ among taxa. Furthermore, protected areas emphasize regions with high species richness and rarity but fewer biodiversity refugia—even less than expected by random placement (<21%). Our results highlight the importance of historical factors for shaping large‐scale diversity patterns and the potential of using palaeoclimatic stability‐diversity relationships for identifying important conservation areas at the global scale.
Chronic use of statins and acetylsalicylic acid and incidence of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography acute pancreatitis: A multicenter, prospective, cohort study
Authors: Cárdenas‐Jaén Karina , Archibugi Livia , Poropat Goran , Korpela Taija , Maisonneuve Patrick , Aparicio Jose R. , Udd Marianne , Stimac Davor , Arcidiacono Paolo G. , De Pretis Niccolò , Valente Roberto , Di Giulio Emilio , Casellas Juan A. , Kylänpää Leena , Hauser Goran , Mariani Alberto , Gabbrielli Armando , Löhr Matthias , Vanella Giuseppe , Rainio Mia , Brozzi Lorenzo , Arnelo Urban , Fagerström Niklas , Capurso Gabriele , de‐Madaria Enrique 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesPost‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) acute pancreatitis (PEP) is a frequent complication of this endoscopic procedure. Chronic statin intake has been linked to lower incidence and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Periprocedural rectal administration of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is protective against PEP, but the role of chronic acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether statins and chronic ASA intake are associated with lower risk of PEP.MethodsAn international, multicenter, prospective cohort study. Consecutive patients undergoing ERCP in seven European centers were included. Patients were followed‐up to detect those with PEP. Multivariate analysis by means of binary logistic regression was performed, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated.ResultsA total of 1150 patients were included, and 70 (6.1%) patients developed PEP. Among statins users, 8.1% developed PEP vs. 5.4% among non‐users (P = 0.09). Multivariate analysis showed no association between statin use and PEP incidence (aOR 1.68 (95% CI 0.94–2.99, P = 0.08)). Statin use had no effect on severity of PEP, being mild in 92.0% of statin users vs. 82.2% in non‐statin users (P = 0.31). Chronic ASA use was not associated with PEP either (aOR 1.02 (95% CI 0.49–2.13), P = 0.96). Abuse of alcohol and previous endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy were protective factors against PEP, while >1 pancreatic guidewire passage, normal bilirubin values, and duration of the procedure >20 minutes, were risk factors.ConclusionsThe use of statins or ASA is not associated with a lower risk or a milder course of PEP.
Mechanistic insights into the evolution of the differential expression of tandemly arrayed cone opsin genes in zebrafish
Authors: Tsujimura Taro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe genome of many organisms contains several loci consisting of duplicated genes that are arrayed in tandem. The daughter genes produced by duplication typically exhibit differential expression patterns with each other or otherwise experience pseudogenization. Remarkably, opsin genes in fish are preserved after many duplications in different lineages. This fact indicates that fish opsin genes are characterized by a regulatory mechanism that could intrinsically facilitate the differentiation of the expression patterns. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the differential expression patterns or how they were established during evolution. The loci of green (RH2)‐ and red (LWS)‐sensitive cone opsin genes in zebrafish have been used as model systems to study the differential regulation of tandemly arrayed opsin genes. Over a decade of studies have uncovered several mechanistic features that might have assisted the differentiation and preservation of duplicated genes. Furthermore, recent progress in the understanding of the transcriptional process in general has added essential insights. In this article, the current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of differentially expressed tandemly arrayed cone opsin genes in zebrafish is summarized and a possible evolutionary scenario that could achieve this differentiation is discussed.
A pseudoaneurysm of the left atrium as a rare source of coronary artery embolization
Authors: Mohseni Badalabadi Reza , Sahebjam Mohammad , Poorhosseini Hamidreza , Jenab Yaser , Haddadi Marjan , Hedayat Behnam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 67 years old woman with history of surgical Mitral valve replacement underwent transoesophageal echocardiography for evaluation of mild dyspnoea. It revealed a large narrow‐necked outpouching from medial portion of the inferior wall of the left atrium (LA) that was extended to the interatrial septum. A diagnosis of the LA pseudoaneurysm was made. It contained a fresh clot. Five days later, the patient presented with an acute inferior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography revealed an occluded right coronary artery at its distal part by a large thrombus. Thromboaspiration was done and resulted in restoration of a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Score (TIMI) flow 3 without underlying stenosis.
Relation of microvascular dysfunction and exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Mahfouz Ragab A. , Gouda Mohammad , Abdelhamid Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to investigate the association of coronary flow reserve (CFR) with exercise tolerance (ET) in subjects with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Materials and MethodsSeventy‐seven patients with HFpEF were recruited for the study and compared with 30 healthy matched age and sex controls. All subjects underwent comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation. Exercise tolerance was assessed using 6‐minute walking test (6 MWT). CFR was calculated with adenosine stress transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.ResultsOut of 77 patients with HFpEF, 51 (66%) had CFR < 2.0. Patients with CFR < 2.0 had lower 6 MWT distance (P < .001), increased E/e' ratio (P < .001), when compared to HFpEF patients with CFR ≥ 2.0 and controls. In subjects with HFpEF, CFR was significantly correlated with 6 MWTD (P < .001) and inversely correlated with E/e" (P < .01). With univariate analysis, the results showed that left ventricular mass index, left atrial volume index, E/e', and CFR were independent predictors for reduced exercise tolerance, whereas at multivariate analysis, reduced CFR was the only independent predictor (P < .001) for both reduced exercise tolerance in patients with HFpEF.ConclusionThe current study demonstrated that reduced CFR was an independent predictor for reduced exercise tolerance in patients with HFpEF. We supposed that microvascular dysfunction has an important role in pathogenesis and clinical course in subjects with HFpEF.
House prices in the Ottoman Empire: evidence from eighteenth‐century Edirne†
Authors: Karagedikli Gürer , Tunçer Ali Coşkun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study uses a new dataset of 2,246 notarial deeds of house sales from one of the major cities of the Ottoman Empire, Edirne, covering the period from 1720 to 1814. It estimates real hedonic house prices and urban wealth inequality for the housing market. It shows that house size, proximity to the commercial centre, access to fresh water, and family ties were important determinants of relative house prices. These findings also apply to the different quartiles of the market, indicating limited market segmentation. It demonstrates that there was an increase in housing wealth inequality during the eighteenth century as house prices became more dispersed. The hedonic house price index provides evidence that inflation‐adjusted house prices declined substantially following the Russo‐Turkish war of 1768–74. The decline is mainly explained through demographic shocks induced by plague epidemics, natural disasters, and other population movements driven by wars, army mobilization, and political upheavals.
An evaluation of soil phytoliths for reconstructing plant communities and palaeoclimate in the northern temperate region
Authors: Liu Lidan , Jie Dongmei , Liu Hongyan , Gao Guizai , Li Dehui , Li Nannan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhytoliths can act as efficient carriers of information about palaeovegetation and palaeoclimatic conditions, but the representativeness of soil phytoliths from palaeoecological sediments has not been fully understood. In this study, phytolith assemblages in topsoils and associated plant communities at 55 sites in Northeast China were compared. The results indicate that samples from herbaceous and woody communities could be reliably differentiated by topsoil phytoliths. Notably, different phytolith types exhibit varying degrees of representational bias in terms of the aboveground plant community. Some morphotypes (e.g., bilobate, rondel and lanceolate) over‐represent the richness of the corresponding plant; some morphotypes, including microhair, conical epidermal, silicified stomata and epidermal phytoliths, under‐represent the parent plant abundance; additional morphotypes (e.g., elongate, saddle and trapeziform sinuate) are consistent with the changes of associated plants. Based on the representational bias, we calibrated the percentages of topsoil phytoliths and established a phytolith‐based transfer function for precipitation in Northeast China. A palaeoclimate reconstruction in the Changbai Mountains (in the eastern part of Northeast China) based on the above phytolith‐based transfer function for precipitation shows that the region has gone through continuous climatic changes since the late glacial period: from cold and dry conditions to warm and dry conditions, then to warm and wet conditions, and finally to cool and dry conditions. The phytolith‐based reconstructed climate changes since the late glacial period correspond well to those reconstructed by other records from the same stratigraphic profile, and our phytolith‐based climatic reconstruction also confirms the reliability of abrupt cold climatic shifts at 8.2, 6.8, 5.6, 4.6 and 4.2 ka. In conclusion, our results provide the basis for the reliability of phytoliths for reconstructing climatic changes in the northern temperate region.Highlights
Calibrating soil phytolith assemblages for any quantitative palaeovegetation reconstruction using phytoliths is necessary.
Phytolith morphotypes in topsoils may over‐ or under‐represent or agree with the abundance of modern plant taxa.
Phytolith‐based climatic reconstruction corresponds well with the abrupt climate changes evident since the Late Glacial period and other proxy records.
Seizure forecasting and cyclic control of seizures
Authors: Stirling Rachel E. , Cook Mark J. , Grayden David B. , Karoly Philippa J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEpilepsy is a unique neurologic condition characterized by recurrent seizures, where causes, underlying biomarkers, triggers, and patterns differ across individuals. The unpredictability of seizures can heighten fear and anxiety in people with epilepsy, making it difficult to take part in day‐to‐day activities. Epilepsy researchers have prioritized developing seizure prediction algorithms to combat episodic seizures for decades, but the utility and effectiveness of prediction algorithms has not been investigated thoroughly in clinical settings. In contrast, seizure forecasts, which theoretically provide the probability of a seizure at any time (as opposed to predicting the next seizure occurrence), may be more feasible. Many advances have been made over the past decade in the field of seizure forecasting, including improvements in algorithms as a result of machine learning and exploration of non–EEG‐based measures of seizure susceptibility, such as physiological biomarkers, behavioral changes, environmental drivers, and cyclic seizure patterns. For example, recent work investigating periodicities in individual seizure patterns has determined that more than 90% of people have circadian rhythms in their seizures, and many also experience multiday, weekly, or longer cycles. Other potential indicators of seizure susceptibility include stress levels, heart rate, and sleep quality, all of which have the potential to be captured noninvasively over long time scales. There are many possible applications of a seizure‐forecasting device, including improving quality of life for people with epilepsy, guiding treatment plans and medication titration, optimizing presurgical monitoring, and focusing scientific research. To realize this potential, it is vital to better understand the user requirements of a seizure‐forecasting device, continue to advance forecasting algorithms, and design clear guidelines for prospective clinical trials of seizure forecasting.
Machine learning and wearable devices of the future
Authors: Beniczky Sándor , Karoly Philippa , Nurse Ewan , Ryvlin Philippe , Cook Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMachine learning (ML) is increasingly recognized as a useful tool in healthcare applications, including epilepsy. One of the most important applications of ML in epilepsy is seizure detection and prediction, using wearable devices (WDs). However, not all currently available algorithms implemented in WDs are using ML. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of using WDs and ML in epilepsy, and we outline future development in these domains. There is published evidence for reliable detection of epileptic seizures using implanted electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes and wearable, non‐EEG devices. Application of ML using the data recorded with WDs from a large number of patients could change radically the way we diagnose and manage patients with epilepsy.
A novel dynamometer for the standardisation of the force applied during distal forelimb flexion tests in horses
Authors: Nocera I. , Sgorbini M. , Gracia‐Calvo L. A. , Cacini M. , Vitale V. , Citi S. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryVariability in the technique employed for flexion tests may produce different responses and veterinary assessments. We propose a novel custom‐designed dynamometer and compare the results with the literature. Ten horses were enrolled in the present study, with a total of 20 forelimbs. The horses were found to be healthy based on orthopaedic and radiographic examination of the distal forelimb region, performed on both limbs. Lower forelimb flexion tests were performed by applying three different forces (75, 100 and 120 N), measured with a dynamometer, for one minute, with a time interval of 48 h between each test. Each horse was trotted before and after the flexion test. The experiment was videotaped, and the responses were assessed randomly and blindly by three experienced equine veterinarians. None of the horses responded with a lameness grade exceeding 1/5 on a numerical 6‐point scale. Two out of three veterinarians detected a increased degree of lameness between the minimum and the maximum force applied, while one veterinarian showed no change in the interpretation of the flexion test for all three applied forces. A mild agreement was detected between veterinarian A and B, applying a force of 100 N, and between A and C, with 120 N; a moderate agreement was found between veterinarian A and B, with 120 N. The chi‐square test showed that the results observed were only like the expected ones for 100 N. With a force of 100 N, there is no relationship between intensity and the evaluation of lameness; consequently, 100 N could be used to achieve a real standardisation of the lameness score. The use of the dynamometer was found to be easy and practical. It also enabled the applied force and the manipulation technique to be objectified.