bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racing performance after surgical repair of medial condylar fracture of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone in thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Boorman Sophie , Richardson Dean W. , Hogan Patricia M. , Stefanovski Darko , Levine David G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report the performance of thoroughbred racehorses after surgical repair of a medial condylar fracture of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone.Study designRetrospective cohort study.Sample populationForty‐three horses surgically treated for medial condylar fractures, 30 with previous racing experience, 13 without previous racing experience (nonexperienced).MethodsMedical records (2009‐2017) were reviewed for signalment, radiographic fracture characteristics, repair technique, and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Each experienced horse was matched with two horses randomly selected from its most recent race to serve as healthy controls. Racing performance parameters (race rating, competitive level, speed rating, performance index) and career racing statistics were compared with multiple regression models between injured experienced horses and controls. The career racing statistics for nonexperienced horses were evaluated. Reasons for nonreturn to racing were obtained.ResultsThe median duration of follow‐up was 6 years (minimum 2, maximum 10). Twenty‐one of 43 (49%) horses raced again as well as 18 of 30 (60%) experienced horses and three of 13 (23%) nonexperienced horses. Experienced horses were five times more likely than nonexperienced horses to return to racing (95% confidence interval = 0.07‐0.58,P = .003). Higher preoperative racing performance parameters were associated with return to racing. Racing performance parameters were lower after the date of fracture in injured horses compared with controls.ConclusionExperienced horses were more likely to return to racing after medial condylar fracture repair, although their performance was generally lower than that of comparably uninjured horses.Clinical significanceOwners should be aware that horses with medial condylar fractures likely will race at a lower level than their uninjured peers.
Bed rest: outdated following traumatic solid organ injury?
Authors: Ashcroft James , Khan M 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionThis systematic review aimed to evaluate early ambulation protocols implemented for traumatic solid organ injury.MethodsThe electronic databases PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Embase and Cochrane Library were searched without time constraint to identify prospective and retrospective analyses, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series that investigated early ambulation in solid organ trauma.ResultsSix studies met the predefined inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Three studies investigated early ambulation protocols in direct comparison with bed rest. The remaining three studies were early ambulation case series. In all studies there was no convincing evidence to suggest differences in clinical outcomes between early ambulation and bed rest protocols. In all studies early ambulation resulted in a reduced length of hospitalisation and decreased cost to national healthcare services.ConclusionsThis systematic review has found preliminary evidence that suggests bed rest has no clinical benefit in those with low-grade to mid-grade (grades 1–2) solid organ injury. Further studies are required to inform guidance to improve trauma patient outcomes.
Prediction of venous thromboembolism using clinical and serum biomarker data from a military cohort of trauma patients
Authors: Bradley Matthew , Shi A , Khatri V , Schobel S , Silvius E , Kirk A , Buchman T , Oh J , Elster E 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication of trauma associated with high mortality and morbidity. Clinicians lack appropriate tools for stratifying trauma patients for VTE, thus have yet to be able to predict when to intervene. We aimed to compare random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR) predictive modelling for VTE using (1) clinical measures alone, (2) serum biomarkers alone and (3) clinical measures plus serum biomarkers.MethodsData were collected from 73 military casualties with at least one extremity wound and prospectively enrolled in an observational study between 2007 and 2012. Clinical and serum cytokine data were collected. Modelling was performed with RF and LR based on the presence or absence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). For comparison, LR was also performed on the final variables from the RF model. Sensitivity/specificity and area under the curve (AUC) were reported.ResultsOf the 73 patients (median Injury Severity Score=16), nine (12.3%) developed VTE, four (5.5%) with DVT, four (5.5%) with PE, and one (1.4%) with both DVT and PE. In all sets of predictive models, RF outperformed LR. The best RF model generated with clinical and serum biomarkers included five variables (interleukin-15, monokine induced by gamma, vascular endothelial growth factor, total blood products at resuscitation and presence of soft tissue injury) and had an AUC of 0.946, sensitivity of 0.992 and specificity of 0.838.ConclusionsVTE may be predicted by clinical and molecular biomarkers in trauma patients. This will allow the development of clinical decision support tools which can help inform the management of high-risk patients for VTE.
Using the prescribing cascade in equine practice
Authors: Redpath Adam , Bowen Mark 
Published: March 2020

Background: The prescribing cascade is one of most discussed parts of the Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2013. It is referred to in guidance notes from the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) and forms part of the RCVS Code of Professional Conduct for Veterinary Surgeons. However, the dual role of horses as either food‐ or non‐food‐producing animals further complicates its application to everyday equine practice.Aim of the article: This review aims to illustrate ways in which the authors apply the prescribing cascade using clinical scenarios. It will also highlight differences between guidance from the RCVS and VMD, as well as aspects that may change as a result of changes in UK and EU regulations.
Violations of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture in the higher dimensional f(R) black holes with pressure
Authors: He Ke-Jian , Li Guo-Ping , Hu Xin-Yun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe adopt the energy momentum relation of charged particles to study the thermodynamics laws and weak cosmic censorship conjecture of D-dimensional f(R) AdS black holes in different phase spaces by considering charged particle absorption. In the normal phase space, it turns out that the laws of thermodynamic and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture are valid. In the extended phase space, though the first law of thermodynamics is valid, the second law of thermodynamics is invalid. More interestingly, the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is shown to be violated only in higher-dimensional near-extremal f(R) AdS black holes. In addition, the magnitudes of the violations for both the second law and weak cosmic censorship conjecture are dependent on the charge Q, constant scalar curvature $$f'(R_0)$$f′(R0), AdS radius l, dimension parameters p, and their variations.
Holographic complexity of Born–Infeld gravity
Authors: Bakhtiarizadeh Hamid R. , Jafari Ghadir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate the duality conjecture “Complexity=Action” (CA) for Born–Infeld (BI) gravity model and derive the growth rate of its action within the Wheeler–DeWitt (WDW) patch, which is believed to be dual to the growth rate of quantum complexity of holographic boundary state. In order to find the correct on-shell action, we use direct variational procedure to find proper boundary and corner terms. We find out that the late-time behavior of holographic complexity is the well-known two times of energy, as expected.
Universality of the Poincaré gravitational form factor constraints
Authors: Lorcé Cédric , Lowdon Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRelativistic spin states are convention dependent. In this work we prove that the zero momentum-transfer limits of the leading two form factors in the decomposition of the energy–momentum tensor matrix elements are independent of this choice. In particular, we demonstrate that these constraints are insensitive to whether the corresponding states are massive or not, and that they arise purely due to the Poincaré covariance of the states.
Oncolytic HSV–Infected Glioma Cells Activate NOTCH in Adjacent Tumor Cells Sensitizing Tumors to Gamma Secretase Inhibition
Authors: Otani Yoshihiro , Yoo Ji Young , Chao Samantha , Liu Joseph , Jaime-Ramirez Alena Cristina , Lee Tae Jin , Hurwitz Brian , Yan Yuanqing , Dai Hongsheng , Glorioso Joseph C. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua , Kaur Balveen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
To examine the effect of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) on NOTCH signaling in central nervous system tumors.

Experimental Design:
Bioluminescence imaging, reverse phase protein array proteomics, fluorescence microscopy, reporter assays, and molecular biology approaches were used to evaluate NOTCH signaling. Orthotopic glioma-mouse models were utilized to evaluate effects in vivo.

Results:
We have identified that herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1; oncolytic and wild-type)-infected glioma cells induce NOTCH signaling, from inside of infected cells into adjacent tumor cells (inside out signaling). This was canonical NOTCH signaling, which resulted in activation of RBPJ-dependent transcriptional activity that could be rescued with dnMAML. High-throughput screening of HSV-1–encoded cDNA and miRNA libraries further uncovered that HSV-1 miR-H16 induced NOTCH signaling. We further identified that factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) is a direct target of miR-H16, and that FIH-1 downregulation by virus encoded miR-H16 induces NOTCH activity. FIH-1 binding to Mib1 has been reported, but this is the first report that shows FIH-1 sequester Mib1 to suppress NOTCH activation. We observed that FIH-1 degradation induced NOTCH ligand ubiquitination and NOTCH activity. REMBRANDT and The Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis also uncovered a significant negative regulation between FIH-1 and NOTCH. Furthermore, combination of oHSV with NOTCH-blocking gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) had a therapeutic advantage in two different intracranial glioma models treated with oncolytic HSV, without affecting safety profile of the virus in vivo.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge this is the first report to identify impact of HSV-1 on NOTCH signaling and highlights the significance of combining oHSV and GSI for glioblastoma therapy.
Exosomes From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Promote Autophagy for Myocardial Repair
Authors: Santoso Michelle R. , Ikeda Gentaro , Tada Yuko , Jung Ji‐Hye , Vaskova Evgeniya , Sierra Raymond G. , Gati Cornelius , Goldstone Andrew B. , von Bornstaedt Daniel , Shukla Praveen , Wu Joseph C. , Wakatsuki Soichi , Woo Y. Joseph , Yang Phillip C. 
Published: March 2020

Background

Induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated cardiomyocytes (
iCM
s) have tremendous potential as patient‐specific therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy following myocardial infarctions, but difficulties in viable transplantation limit clinical translation. Exosomes secreted from
iCM
s (iCM‐Ex) can be robustly collected in vitro and injected in lieu of live
iCM
s as a cell‐free therapy for myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

iCM
‐Ex were precipitated from
iCM
supernatant and characterized by protein marker expression, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and functionalized nanogold transmission electron microscopy.
iCM
‐Ex were then used in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic injuries. Cardiac function in vivo was evaluated by left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial viability measurements by magnetic resonance imaging. Cardioprotective mechanisms were studied by
JC
‐1 (tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) assay, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblotting.
iCM
‐Ex measured ≈140 nm and expressed
CD
63 and
CD
9.
iCM
and
iCM
‐Ex micro
RNA
profiles had significant overlap, indicating that exosomal content was reflective of the parent cell. Mice treated with
iCM
‐Ex demonstrated significant cardiac improvement post–myocardial infarction, with significantly reduced apoptosis and fibrosis. In vitro
iCM
apoptosis was significantly reduced by hypoxia and exosome biogenesis inhibition and restored by treatment with
iCM
‐Ex or rapamycin. Autophagosome production and autophagy flux was upregulated in
iCM
‐Ex groups in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions
iCM‐Ex improve post–myocardial infarction cardiac function by regulating autophagy in hypoxic cardiomyoytes, enabling a cell‐free, patient‐specific therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Cumulative Adherence to Secondary Prevention Guidelines and Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Solomon Matthew D. , Leong Thomas K. , Levin Eleanor , Rana Jamal S. , Jaffe Marc G. , Sidney Stephen , Sung Sue Hee , Lee Catherine , DeMaria Anthony , Go Alan S. 
Published: March 2020

Background

The survival benefit associated with cumulative adherence to multiple clinical and lifestyle‐related guideline recommendations for secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
) is not well established.

Methods and Results

We examined adults with
AMI
(mean age 68 years; 64% men) surviving at least 30 (N=25 778) or 90 (N=24 200) days after discharge in a large integrated healthcare system in Northern California from 2008 to 2014. The association between all‐cause death and adherence to 6 or 7 secondary prevention guideline recommendations including medical treatment (prescriptions for β‐blockers,
renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system
inhibitors, lipid medications, and antiplatelet medications), risk factor control (blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL), and lifestyle approaches (not smoking) at 30 or 90 days after
AMI
was evaluated with Cox proportional hazard models. To allow patients time to achieve low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL, this metric was examined only among those alive 90 days after
AMI
. Overall guideline adherence was high (35% and 34% met 5 or 6 guidelines at 30 days; and 31% and 23% met 6 or 7 at 90 days, respectively). Greater guideline adherence was independently associated with lower mortality (
hazard ratio,
0.57 [95% CI, 0.49–0.66] for those meeting 7 and
hazard ratio,
0.69 [95% CI, 0.61–0.78] for those meeting 6 guidelines versus 0 to 3 guidelines in 90‐day models, with similar results in the 30‐day models), with significantly lower mortality per each additional guideline recommendation achieved.

Conclusions

In a large community‐based population, cumulative adherence to guideline‐recommended medical therapy, risk factor control, and lifestyle changes after
AMI
was associated with improved long‐term survival. Full adherence was associated with the greatest survival benefit.
Hemicriconemoides phoenicis Van den Berg et al., 2015 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Iran: a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study
Authors: Azimi Sedighe , Pedram Majid 
Published: March 2020

Summary
A population of Hemicriconemoides phoenicis was recovered from Khuzestan province, south-western Iran, in association with date palm. The recovered population was characterised by 518-645 μm long females having a 76-82 μm long stylet, rounded to oblong spermatheca filled with sperm, a 28.0-39.8 μm long tail, juveniles common, with 14 longitudinal rows of rounded scales, and males absent. Compared to the original data, no morphological and morphometric differences were observed. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene and a near-full-length fragment of the 18S rRNA gene sequences using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximal number of species of the genus, the two newly generated 28S sequences of the Iranian population formed a maximally supported clade with two original sequences of the species; and the 18S sequence formed a maximally supported clade with an unidentified isolate of the genus in the corresponding phylogeny. This is the second report of the species since its original description, Iran representing a new geographical record and supporting the suggestion that date palm could be its preferred host.
A new cystoid nematode, Cryphodera japonicum n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), from the rhizosphere of Japanese Podocarpus macrophyllus
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Maria Munawar , Fang Yiwu , Wang Honghong , Zhuo Kan 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Cryphodera japonicum n. sp., detected at Ningbo port, China, from the rhizosphere of imported Japanese Podocarpus macrophyllus, is described. The new species is characterised by females with a globose body, protruding vulval lips, slightly concave anus-vulva profile, a stylet length of 37.2 (31.1-41.3) μm and a vulva-anus distance of 38.1 (34.7-44.1) μm. Males possess two lip annuli, a stylet length of 27 (22.5-30.6) μm long, three lines in lateral fields and a spicule 21.5 (19.1-23.0) μm long. Second-stage juveniles have bodies 543 (506-588) μm long, three lip annuli, a stylet 31.7 (29.2-34.5) μm long, three lines in the lateral fields, a conoid tail with a narrow rounded terminus, and a relatively long hyaline region occupying half of the tail length. Phylogenetic analyses based on the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S, ITS, partial 18S rRNA, and COI gene revealed the unique position of this species with other heteroderid nematodes, supporting its status as a new species of Cryphodera. The new species showed a close relationship with C. brinkmani.
Who is a ‘Salafi’? Salafism and the Politics of Labelling in the UK
Authors: Dawood Iman 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this article, I trace the history of the label ‘Salafi’ in the UK to show that there has been a marked change in its desirability and use within some ‘Salafi’ circles. Drawing on interviews conducted with members of various streams of the Salafi movement as well as content analysis of the websites, social media pages and audio-visual content of ‘Salafi’ groups, I argue that while the oftentimes unqualified association between Salafism and terrorism in public discourse may have had a negative impact on the label’s desirability, intra-Salafi politics shed more light on why some ‘Salafis’ adopt the label while others do not.
Mountain Waves Produced by a Stratified Boundary Layer Flow. Part I: Hydrostatic Case
Authors: Lott François , Deremble Bruno , Soufflet Clément 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA hydrostatic theory for mountain waves with a boundary layer of constant eddy viscosity is presented. It predicts that dissipation impacts the dynamics over an inner layer whose depth is controlled by the inner-layer scale δ of viscous critical-level theory. The theory applies when the mountain height is smaller or near δ and is validated with a fully nonlinear model. In this case the pressure drag and the wave Reynolds stress can be predicted by inviscid theory, if one takes for the incident wind its value around the inner-layer scale. In contrast with the inviscid theory and for small mountains the wave drag is compensated by an acceleration of the flow in the inner layer rather than of the solid earth. Still for small mountains and when stability increases, the emitted waves have smaller vertical scale and are more dissipated when traveling through the inner layer: a fraction of the wave drag is deposited around the top of the inner layer before reaching the outer regions. When the mountain height becomes comparable to the inner-layer scale, nonseparated upstream blocking and downslope winds develop. Theory and the model show that (i) the downslope winds penetrate well into the inner layer and (ii) upstream blocking and downslope winds are favored when the static stability is strong and (iii) are not associated with upper-level wave breaking.
Caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation in two Spanish cohorts
Authors: Bazal P , Gea A , Navarro A M , Salas-Salvadó J , Corella D , Alonso-Gómez A , Fitó M , Muñoz-Bravo C , Estruch R , Fiol M , Lapetra J , Serra-Majem L , Ros E , Rekondo J , Muñoz M A , Basora J , Sorlí J V , Toledo E , Martínez-González M A , Ruiz-Canela M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
The association between caffeinated coffee consumption and atrial fibrillation remains unclear. Recent studies suggest an inverse association only between a moderate caffeinated coffee consumption and atrial fibrillation, but others have reported no association. The aim of our study was to prospectively assess the association between caffeinated coffee consumption and atrial fibrillation in two Spanish cohorts, one of adults from a general population and another of elderly participants at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods and results
We included 18,983 and 6479 participants from the ‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’ (SUN) and ‘Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea’ (PREDIMED) cohorts, respectively. Participants were classified according to their caffeinated coffee consumption in three groups: ≤3 cups/month, 1–7 cups/week, and &gt;1 cup/day. We identified 97 atrial fibrillation cases after a median follow-up of 10.3 years (interquartile range 6.5–13.5), in the SUN cohort and 250 cases after 4.4 years median follow-up (interquartile range 2.8–5.8) in the PREDIMED study. No significant associations were observed in the SUN cohort although a J-shaped association was suggested. A significant inverse association between the intermediate category of caffeinated coffee consumption (1–7 cups/week) and atrial fibrillation was observed in PREDIMED participants with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio = 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.36–0.79) when compared with participants who did not consume caffeinated coffee or did it only occasionally. No association was found for higher levels of caffeinated coffee consumption (&gt;1 cup per day), hazard ratio = 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.49–1.28). In the meta-analysis of both PREDIMED and SUN studies, the hazard ratio for intermediate consumption of caffeinated coffee was 0.60 (95% confidence interval 0.44–0.82) without evidence of heterogeneity. Similar findings were found for the association between caffeine intake and atrial fibrillation risk.

Conclusion
Intermediate levels of caffeinated coffee consumption (1–7 cups/week) were associated with a reduction in atrial fibrillation risk in two prospective Mediterranean cohorts.
Limb lengthening history, evolution, complications and current concepts
Authors: Hosny Gamal A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLimb lengthening continues to be a real challenge to both the patient and the orthopaedic surgeon. Although it is not a difficult operative problem, there is a long and exhausting postoperative commitment which can jeopardize early good results. I aim to review the history, evolution, biology, complications and current concepts of limb lengthening. Ilizarov’s innovative procedure using distraction histeogenesis is the mainstay of all newly developing methods of treatment. The method of fixation is evolving rapidly from unilateral external fixator to ring fixator, computer assisted and finally lengthening intramedullary nails. The newly manufactured nails avoid many of the drawbacks of external fixation but they have their own complications. In general, the indications for limb lengthening are controversial. The indications have been extended from lower limb length inequality to upper extremity lengthening, including humeral, forearm and phalangeal lengthening. A wide range in frequency of complications is recorded in the English literature, which may reach up to 100% of cases treated. With developing experience, cosmetic lengthening has become possible using external or internal lengthening devices with an acceptable rate of problems.Level of evidence:V.