bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A knock‐in mouse model for KCNQ2‐related epileptic encephalopathy displays spontaneous generalized seizures and cognitive impairment
Authors: Milh Mathieu , Roubertoux Pierre , Biba Najoua , Chavany Julie , Spiga Ghata Adeline , Fulachier Camille , Collins Stephan Christopher , Wagner Christel , Roux Jean‐Christophe , Yalcin Binnaz , Félix Marie‐Solenne , Molinari Florence , Lenck‐Santini Pierre‐Pascal , Villard Laurent 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveEarly onset epileptic encephalopathy with suppression‐burst is one of the most severe epilepsy phenotypes in human patients. A significant proportion of cases have a genetic origin, and the most frequently mutated gene is KCNQ2, encoding Kv7.2, a voltage‐dependent potassium channel subunit, leading to so‐called KCNQ2‐related epileptic encephalopathy (KCNQ2‐REE). To study the pathophysiology of KCNQ2‐REE in detail and to provide a relevant preclinical model, we generated and described a knock‐in mouse model carrying the recurrent p.(Thr274Met) variant.MethodsWe introduced the p.(Thr274Met) variant by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, injected into C57Bl/6N blastocysts and implanted in pseudopregnant mice. Mice were then bred with 129Sv Cre‐deleter to generate heterozygous mice carrying the p.(Thr274Met), and animals were maintained on the 129Sv genetic background. We studied the development of this new model and performed in vivo electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, neuroanatomical studies at different time points, and multiple behavioral tests.ResultsThe Kcnq2Thr274Met/+ mice are viable and display generalized spontaneous seizures first observed between postnatal day 20 (P20) and P30. In vivo EEG recordings show that the paroxysmal events observed macroscopically are epileptic seizures. The brain of the Kcnq2Thr274Met/+ animals does not display major structural defects, similar to humans, and their body weight is normal. Kcnq2Thr274Met/+ mice have a reduced life span, with a peak of unexpected death occurring for 25% of the animals by 3 months of age. Epileptic seizures were generally not observed when animals grew older. Behavioral characterization reveals important deficits in spatial learning and memory in adults but no gross abnormality during early neurosensory development.SignificanceTaken together, our results indicate that we have generated a relevant model to study the pathophysiology of KCNQ2‐related epileptic encephalopathy and perform preclinical research for that devastating and currently intractable disease.
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells promote epithelial ovarian cancer cell stemness by inducing the CSF2/p‐STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Wang Jiapo , Wu Weimin , Gao Hao , Liu Na , Zhan Guangxi , Li Li , Han Lingfei , Guo Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2020

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to contribute to tumour immune evasion, and studies have verified that MDSCs can induce cancer stem cells (CSCs) and promote tumour immune evasion in breast cancers, cervical cancers and glioblastoma. However, the potential function of MDSCs in regulating CSCs in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression is unknown. Our results indicated that compared to nonmalignant ovarian patients, EOC patients showed a significantly increased proportion of MDSCs in the peripheral blood. In addition, MDSCs dramatically promoted tumour sphere formation, cell colony formation and CSC accumulation, and MDSCs enhanced the expression of the stemness biomarkers NANOG and c‐MYC in EOC cells during coculture. Moreover, the mechanisms by which MDSCs enhance EOC stemness were further explored, and 586 differentially expressed genes were found in EOC cells cocultured with or without MDSCs; during coculture, the expression level of colony‐stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) was significantly increased in EOC cells cocultured with MDSCs. Furthermore, the depletion of CSF2 in EOC cells was successfully performed, the promotive effects of MDSCs on EOC cell stemness could be markedly reversed by downregulating CSF2 expression, p‐STAT3 signalling pathway molecules were also altered, and the p‐STAT3 inhibitor could markedly reverse the promotive effects of MDSCs on EOC cell stemness. In addition, the CSF2 expression level was correlated with EOC clinical staging. Therefore, MDSCs enhance the stemness of EOC cells by inducing the CSF2/p‐STAT3 signalling pathway. Targeting MDSCs or CSF2 may be a reasonable strategy for enhancing the efficacy of conventional treatments.DatabaseGene expression data files are available in the GEO databases under the accession number(s) GSE145374.
Ecological generalism and resilience of tropical island mammals to logging: A 23 year test
Authors: Lavery Tyrone H. , Posala Corzzierrah K. , Tasker Elizabeth M. , Fisher Diana O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTropical forest disturbance is a key driver of global biodiversity decline. On continents, the effects of logging are greatest on endemic species, presumably because disturbance is more likely to cover narrower distributions (the “cookie cutter” model). Islands hold disproportionate biodiversity, and are subject to accelerating biotic homogenization, where specialist endemics are lost while generalists persist. We tested responses of tropical island mammals to logging at multiple spatial scales, using a long‐term experimental test in a Pacific archipelago. The most widely distributed ecological generalists did not decline after logging, and we detected no overall changes in relative abundance or species diversity. However, endemics with small ranges did decline in response to logging. The least mobile and most range‐restricted species declined even at the smallest spatial scale, supporting the cookie cutter model for sedentary species, and suggesting that habitat change due to selective logging is contributing to biotic homogenization on islands.
Pressure injury development in critically ill patients with a cervical collar in situ: A retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Harn‐Rong N. , Campbell Jill , Doubrovsky Anna , Singh Veeranjit , Collins Johnathon , Coyer Fiona 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTrauma patients with a serious injury to the head or neck can remain immobilised with a cervical collar (C‐collar) device in situ and are subsequently exposed to device‐related skin integrity threats. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of C‐collar‐related pressure injures (CRPIs) in an intensive care unit. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in an Australian metropolitan intensive care unit. Following ethical approval, data from patients over 18 years, who received a C‐collar were retrieved over a 9‐year period. Chi square and t‐tests were used to identify variables associated with CRPI development. A logistic regression model was employed to analyse the risk factors. Data from 906 patients were analysed. Nine‐year pressure injury incidence was 16.9% (n = 154/906). Pressure injury development directly associated with a C‐collar increased by 33% with each repositioning episode (odds ratio 1.328, 95% confidence interval 1.024‐1.723, P = .033). Time in the C‐collar (10.4 to 2.5 days, P = .002) and length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) (20.1 to 16.1 days, P < .001) were associated with pressure injury development. Patients with C‐collar devices are a vulnerable group at risk for pressure injury development because of their immobility and length of ICU stay.
Synthesis and microstructure of single‐crystalline cobalt oxyhydroxide and topotactic transformation to cobalt oxide
Authors: Kusano Yoshihiro , Kawasaki Shuji , Takada Jun , Azuma Masaki 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTPlate‐like cobalt oxyhydroxide (β‐CoOOH, heterogenite) single crystals, with a width of ~5 mm and a thickness of ~100 μm, were successfully synthesized using a simple method of heating a mixture of Co3O4 and NaOH in air at 650°C, and then soaking the resultant crystals in water at room temperature. The crystals were topotactically formed from sodium cobalt oxyhydrate (Na0.2(H3O)0.54CoO2·0.48H2O) by ion exchange between Na+ and H3O+, and by intercalation of water molecules in the as‐grown NaCoO2 crystals. The sodium cobalt oxyhydroxide crystals had spherical nanopores with diameters of ~5 nm.
A Novel Partial Credit Extension Using Varying Thresholds to Account for Response Tendencies
Authors: Henninger Mirka 
Published: April 2020

AbstractItem Response Theory models with varying thresholds are essential tools to account for unknown types of response tendencies in rating data. However, in order to separate constructs to be measured and response tendencies, specific constraints have to be imposed on varying thresholds and their interrelations. In this article, a multidimensional extension of a Partial Credit Model using a sum‐to‐zero constraint for varying thresholds is proposed. The new model allows us to flexibly account for response tendencies and to model covariations between varying thresholds that are commonly found in empirical data. The model's ability to estimate different types of response tendencies under various data structures is shown in a simulation study. An illustrative multicountry analysis demonstrates that differences between respondents in terms of their response tendencies exist and can be captured by the new model. Furthermore, it is well suited to account for extreme and mid response styles, but also to accommodate unknown, previously unmodeled, response tendencies. Therewith, the sum‐to‐zero model can be considered a suitable candidate to examine the types response tendencies in rating data and to account for biases in construct measures due to response tendencies.
A comparison of the structure, composition and mechanical properties of anosteocytic vertebrae of medaka (O. latipes) and osteocytic vertebrae of zebrafish (D. rerio)
Authors: Ofer Lior , Zaslansky Paul , Shahar Ron 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMedaka (O. latipes) and zebrafish (D. rerio) are two teleost fish increasingly used as models to study human skeletal diseases. Although they are similar in size, swimming pattern and many other characteristics, these two species are very distant from an evolutionary point of view (by at least 100 million years). A prominent difference between the skeletons of medaka and zebrafish is the total absence of osteocytes in medaka (anosteocytic), while zebrafish bone contains numerous osteocytes (osteocytic). This fundamental difference suggests the possibility that the bony elements of their skeleton may be different in a variety of other aspects, structural, mechanical or both, particularly in heavily loaded bones like the vertebrae. Here we report on the results of a comparative study that aimed to determine the similarities and differences in medaka and zebrafish vertebrae in terms of their macro‐ to nanostructure, composition and mechanical properties. Our results reveal many similarities between medaka and zebrafish vertebrae, making the lack or presence of osteocytes the only major difference between the bones of these two species.
Comparing Longitudinal Sarcopenia Trends by Definitions Across Men and Women After Hip Fracture
Authors: Chiles Shaffer Nancy , Huang Yi , Abraham Danielle S. , Cheng Yun‐Ju , Lu Wenxin , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Hochberg Marc C. , Guralnik Jack , Magaziner Jay , Orwig Denise 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVESWhile sarcopenia is prevalent after hip fracture in the acute postfracture period, little is known about the prevalence after discharge. This study assessed longitudinal trends in sarcopenia prevalence over 12 months after hip fracture using three different operational definitions.DESIGNProspective observational study.SETTINGBaltimore Hip Studies seventh cohort.PARTICIPANTSA total of 82 men and 78 women, aged 65 years and older, with surgical repair of a nonpathological hip fracture.MEASUREMENTSBaseline assessment included a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan and interview. Follow‐up assessments, which additionally included performance measures, occurred 2, 6, and 12 months after admission. Using these measures, three sarcopenia definitions were assessed over the year following hip fracture: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons (EWGSOP), International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH).RESULTSEWGSOP and IWGS provided the highest prevalence of sarcopenia (62%‐69% in men, 42%‐62% in women), while prevalence by FNIH was much lower for men (15%‐19%) and women (5%‐12%). For both men and women, the agreement between EWGSOP and IWGS definitions was excellent, and FNIH showed poor agreement with them, supported by various statistical measures across first‐year follow‐up. Prevalence was stable over time in men by all definitions, while the prevalence in women by FNIH was lowest at 2 months, significantly increased at 6 months (P = .03), and remained higher at 12 months. Whether sarcopenia prevalence differed significantly by sex varied by time point and definition; however, when different, men had a higher prevalence than women (P < .05). While some participants recovered from sarcopenia over time, some also became newly sarcopenic.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of sarcopenia after fracture differed greatly for EWGSOP and IWGS compared to FNIH. Overall, there appeared to be no reduction in sarcopenia over the year after hip fracture, regardless of definition. Future research should examine the relationship between sarcopenia prevalence and functional recovery. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1537‐1544, 2020.
An optimized hepatocellular carcinoma prediction model for chronic hepatitis B with well‐controlled viremia
Authors: Lee Hye W. , Park Soo Y. , Lee Myeongjee , Lee Eun J. , Lee Jinae , Kim Seung U. , Park Jun Y. , Kim Do Y. , Ahn Sang H. , Kim Beom K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) substantially decreased in the era of potent antiviral therapy. We developed an optimized HCC risk prediction model for CHB with well‐controlled viremia by nucelos(t)ide analogs (NUCs).MethodWe analysed those who achieved virological response (VR; serum HBV‐DNA < 2000 IU/mL on two consecutive assessments) by NUCs. Liver stiffness by transient elastography, ultrasonography and laboratory tests was performed at the time of confirmed VR. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis or HCC at baseline were excluded. Multivariate Cox‐regression analysis was used to determine key variables to construct a novel risk‐scoring model.ResultsAmong 1511 patients, 9.5% developed HCC. Cirrhosis on ultrasonography (adjusted HR [aHR] 2.47), age (aHR 1.04), male (aHR 1.90), platelet count <135 000/uL (aHR 1.57), albumin <4.5 g/dL (aHR 1.77) and liver stiffness ≥11 kPa (aHR 6.09) were independently associated with HCC. Using these, CAMPAS model was developed with c‐index of 0.874. The predicted and observed HCC probabilities were calibrated with a reliable agreement. Such results were reproduced from internal validation and external validation among the independent cohort (n = 252). The intermediate‐risk (CAMPAS model score 75 ~ 161) and high‐risk (score >161) groups were more likely to develop HCC compared with the low‐risk group (score ≤75) with statistical significances (HRs; 4.43 and 47.693 respectively; both P < .001).ConclusionCAMPAS model derived through comprehensive clinical evaluation of liver disease allowed the more delicate HCC prediction for CHB patients with well‐controlled viremia by NUCs.
Liver impairment in COVID‐19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Zheng Liang , Liu Lan , Zhao Mengya , Xiao Jun , Zhao Qiu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is an ongoing global health emergency. The aim of our study was to investigate the changes of liver function and its clinical significance in COVID‐19 patients.MethodThis retrospective, single‐centre study was conducted on 115 confirmed cases of COVID‐19 in Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University from 18 January 2020 to 22 February 2020. Liver function and related indexes were analysed to evaluate its relationship with disease progression in COVID‐19 patients.ResultsPart of the COVID‐19 patients presented with varying degrees of abnormality in liver function indexes. However, the levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, GGT and LDH in COVID‐19 patients were not significantly different when compared with hospitalised community‐acquired pneumonia patients, and the levels of albumin is even significantly higher. The levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, LDH and INR showed statistically significant elevation in severe COVID‐19 cases compared with that in mild cases. However, the clinical significance of the elevation is unremarkable. Majority of severe COVID‐19 patients showed significantly decreasing in albumin level and continuously decreasing in the progress of illness. Most of the liver function indexes in COVID‐19 patients were correlated with CRP and NLR, the markers of inflammation. Logistic regression analysis further identified NLR as the independent risk factor for severe COVID‐19, as well as age.ConclusionsAlthough abnormalities of liver function indexes are common in COVID‐19 patients, the impairment of liver function is not a prominent feature of COVID‐19, and also may not have serious clinical consequences.
Ecotype and geographical variation in carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values in western North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca)
Authors: Borisova Ekaterina A. , Filatova Olga A. , Fedutin Ivan D. , Tiunov Alexei V. , Shpak Olga V. , Hoyt Erich 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKiller whales are top predators in marine trophic chains, and therefore their feeding preferences can substantially affect the abundance of species on the lower trophic levels. Killer whales are known to feed on many different types of prey from small fish to large whales, but a given killer whale population usually focuses on a specific type of prey. Stable isotope analysis is widely used to study whale diets, because direct observations are often impossible. Killer whale feeding habits in the western North Pacific are poorly studied, and the large‐scale stable isotope analysis provides a unique opportunity to gain insights into the trophic links of this top predator. In this study, we compare the δ13C and δ15N stable isotope values from killer whale skin samples obtained in different areas of the western North Pacific from fish‐eating (R‐type) and mammal‐eating (T‐type) killer whale ecotypes. The effect of ecotype was highly significant: both carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values were lower in R‐type whales than in T‐type whales. The geographical variation also affected killer whale stable isotope values due to both the differences in killer whale diet and the variation in baseline stable isotope values across the study areas.
Utility of enzyme immunoassays for diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Authors: Maeda Hajime , Hashimoto Koichi , Miyazaki Kyohei , Kanno Shuto , Go Hayato , Suyama Kazuhide , Sato Masatoki , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurologic disorder caused by the measles virus (MV) and is identified by positive MV‐specific antibody titers, detected mainly by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, an alternative method, the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), has increasingly become a preferred method for detecting MV antibodies. To establish the index for SSPE diagnosis using EIA, we investigated the correlation between HI and EIA titers of MV antibodies in SSPE patients.MethodsData on MV antibody titers and measurement methods at the time of diagnosis in 89 Japanese SSPE cases diagnosed between 1979 and 2006 were obtained by a survey. We also assessed the serum and CSF MV antibody titers in three patients with SSPE and serum MV antibody titers in 38 healthy adults using immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐EIA and HI.ResultsIn all cases diagnosed as SSPE, IgG‐EIA titers in the CSF were ≥0.49 IU/mL. There was a positive correlation between serum antibody values in the controls measured by IgG‐EIA and HI. In patients with SSPE, both serum and CSF antibody values, measured by IgG‐EIA, and HI, were positively correlated, and a positive correlation was found between the serum and CSF MV antibody titers as measured by IgG‐EIA. The serum/CSF MV antibody titer ratios determined by IgG‐EIA were <20 in most SSPE patients.ConclusionsImmunoglobulin G‐EIA may be a suitable alternative method for SSPE diagnosis; however, its potential utility and the cut‐off point of ≥0.49 IU/mL should be tested with additional patient cohorts.
The Security Apparatus, Federal Magistrate Courts, and Detention Centers as Simulacra: The Effects of Trump's Zero Tolerance Policy on Migrants and Refugees in the Rio Grande Valley
Authors: Garrett Terence Michael 
Published: April 2020

Trump's Department of Homeland Security implemented the Zero Tolerance policy from April 6 to June 24, 2018. Refugees, prevented from crossing the midpoints of bridges by Customs and Border Protection agents, crossed the Rio Grande to ask for asylum, were denied, and forced to cross at places deemed illegal by law. This resulted in misdemeanor violations for unlawful entry and fleeing immigration checkpoints. The policy initiative centered on the separation of children from their migrant parents—refugees fleeing from the northern triangle countries: El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. Adult migrants were sent to prisons and holding facilities, brought before a magistrate to plead guilty, and were deported while their children were placed in government‐funded privately‐owned detention centers. Migrants contend with a security apparatus comprised of border walls, zones of surveillance, agents, and paramilitary troops. This article analyzes the United States (in)security system using Baudrillard's concept of simulacrum supplemented by Foucault's dispositif and Agamben's apparatuses.Related ArticlesByrne, Jennifer, and Gregory C. Dixon. 2013. “Reevaluating American Attitudes toward Immigrants in the Twenty‐First Century: The Role of a Multicreedal National Identity.” Politics & Policy 41 (1): 83‐116. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12002Duman, Yoav H. 2014. “Reducing the Fog? Immigrant Regularization and the State.” Politics & Policy 42 (2): 187‐220. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12065Silverman, Stephanie J. 2012. “‘Regrettable but Necessary?’ A Historical and Theoretical Study of the Rise of the U.K. Immigration Detention Estate and its Opposition.” Politics & Policy 40 (6): 1131‐1157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00393.x
The better sleep better well‐being programme: Educating and training community healthcare nurses in developing interventions for families of infants with moderate sleep problems: a pilot study
Authors: Skuladottir Arna , Sigurdardottir Anna Olafia , Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun 
Published: April 2020

The main aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the benefit of the Better Sleep Better Well‐being (BSBW) educational and training intervention programme regarding infants sleep problems for Community Health Care (CHC) nurses, on their perceptions on their family nursing practice skills and on their job demand, control and support. There were 6 CHC nurses who participated in the BSBW programme, and 26 nurses in the comparison group. The programme consisted of 4 sessions (8 hours per session) of lectures on the aetiology of infants sleep problems as well as on evidence‐based and family relational practices and on 20 sessions of clinical cases, scenarios, discussions and reflections. The main finding indicated that the nurses in the intervention group reported significantly higher family nursing practices skills compared to the nurses in the comparison group. The findings are promising, since they offered additional resources to the CHC nurses, in their clinical practices.