bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linkages between anammox and denitrifying bacterial communities and nitrogen loss rates in high‐elevation rivers
Authors: Zhang Sibo , Qin Wei , Bai Yubei , Zhang Zhenrui , Wang Junfeng , Gao Hui , Gu Ji‐Dong , Xia Xinghui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicroorganism‐mediated nitrogen (N) cycling and dynamics are important functions of ecosystems, but such information is limited for high‐elevation rivers. This study analyzed the abundance and community structure of anammox and denitrifying bacteria and quantified N loss induced by these bacteria in five high‐elevation river sediments (including the Yellow River source region) on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau using high‐throughput sequencing and 15N‐labeling techniques. Anammox bacterial diversity was limited in these high‐elevation rivers, with Brocadia‐like species averagely accounting for 97.0% of anammox community composition. Several denitrifier nirS phylotypes were distributed across these high‐elevation rivers with high specificity, and the proportion of each of these phylotypes increased with elevation (p < 0.05). Stochastic processes such as dispersal limitation in denitrifying and anammox bacterial community assemblies were more important than environmental selection. Anammox and denitrification rates in the Yellow River source region were at the low end of their reported ranges in the literature on low‐elevation rivers. The high contribution of anammox to nitrogen loss (27% on average) in the Yellow River source region was likely assisted by DNRA (dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) and nitrification through supplying ammonium and nitrite, respectively, as substrate for the anammox reaction. The contribution of anammox to N2 production was positively related to temperature (p < 0.05). Denitrification rates were more significantly affected by denitrifier community structure than environmental factors. This study suggests that anammox contribution to N loss should not be neglected in high‐elevation rivers, and community diversity should be considered when studying denitrification in high‐elevation rivers.
Surface imaging for real‐time patient respiratory function assessment in intensive care
Authors: Nazir Souha , Pateau Victoire , Bert Julien , Clement Jean‐François , Fayad Hadi , l'Her Erwan , Visvikis Dimitris 
Published: October 2020

PurposeMonitoring of physiological parameters is a major concern in Intensive Care Units (ICU) given their role in the assessment of vital organ function. Within this context, one issue is the lack of efficient noncontact techniques for respiratory monitoring. In this paper, we present a novel noncontact solution for real‐time respiratory monitoring and function assessment of ICU patients.MethodsThe proposed system uses a Time‐of‐Flight depth sensor to analyze the patient’s chest wall morphological changes in order to estimate multiple respiratory function parameters. The automatic detection of the patient's torso is also proposed using a deep neural network model trained on the COCO dataset. The evaluation of the proposed system was performed on a mannequin and on 16 mechanically ventilated patients (a total of 216 recordings) admitted in the ICU of the Brest University Hospital.ResultsThe estimation of respiratory parameters (respiratory rate and tidal volume) showed high correlation with the reference method (r = 0.99; P < 0.001 and r = 0.99; P < 0.001) in the mannequin recordings and (r = 0.95, P < 0.001 and r = 0.90, P < 0.001) for patients.ConclusionThis study describes and evaluates a novel noncontact monitoring system suitable for continuous monitoring of key respiratory parameters for disease assessment of critically ill patients.
Toll‐like receptor 2 mediates the immune response of the bovine oviductal ampulla to sperm binding
Authors: Morillo Vernadyn A. , Akthar Ihshan , Fiorenza Mariani F. , Takahashi Ken‐ichi , Sasaki Motoki , Marey Mohamed A. , Suarez Susan S. , Miyamoto Akio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe previously reported that sperm binding to cultured bovine oviduct epithelial cells induces an anti‐inflammatory immune response. Now we have developed a differentiated explant model to focus on the oviductal ampulla, where fertilization occurs, and to study the effect of sperm capacitation on the immune response. We used heparin to stimulate bovine sperm capacitation. Fluorescence imaging showed that 5,5ʹ,6,6ʹ‐tetrachloro‐1,1ʹ,3,3ʹ‐tetraethylbenzimidazolyl‐carbocyanine iodide‐labeled sperm pretreated with (Hep(+)) or without (Hep(−)) heparin rapidly attached to the explant ciliated epithelium in similar numbers. However, only Hep(+) sperm upregulated explant messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription of TLR2, IL8, TGFB1, and PGES, without changes in TNFA and IL‐10 expression, while Hep(−) sperm only upregulated PGES. The responses were primarily anti‐inflammatory, with a greater response produced by Hep(+) sperm, which also produced a substantial increase in TLR2 protein expression in the epithelium. The addition of TLR1/2 (toll‐like receptor 1/2) antagonist to the Hep(+) and (Hep(−)) sperm‐explant coincubations reduced sperm attachment to the epithelium and inhibited TLR2 protein expression and some of the Hep(+) sperm‐induced mRNA transcription. Our observations suggest that the ampullar epithelium immunologically reacts more strongly to sperm that have undergone heparin stimulation of capacitation. This anti‐inflammatory response could serve to protect capacitated sperm as they approach the oocyte in the ampulla.
Clinical and electrophysiological examination of pinch strength in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Lee John D. , Heshmat Saman , Heggie Susan , Thorpe Kathryn A. , McCombe Pamela A. , Henderson Robert D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe split‐hand concept has highlighted the preferential wasting of the thenar side of the hand in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our objective is to re‐explore pinch grip strength to assess whether it has the potential to be a practical biomarker of ALS.MethodsWe measured different pinch grip strengths (thumb, index, and fifth) using a pinch gauge from both hands of 54 ALS patients and correlated this with the Medical Research Council (MRC) score, the upper‐limb component of the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale – Revised (ALSFRS‐R) score, and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) that comprise the split‐hand index.ResultsPinch grip strength using any of the three fingers showed a positive correlation with its corresponding CMAP, MRC grading, and upper‐limb ALSFRS‐R score. The thumb pinch showed the strongest correlation with the split‐hand index and MRC grading.ConclusionsPinch grip strength test using a simple gauge deserves further study as a potentially practical biomarker of ALS.
Quasi‐uniform convergence analysis of a modified penalty finite element method for nonlinear singularly perturbed bi‐wave problem
Authors: Wu Yanmi , Shi Dongyang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a modified penalty finite element method (FEM) for solving the nonlinear singularly perturbed bi‐wave problem with a rectangular Morley element is presented. The second order term, the nonlinear term, and the source term are approximated by the bilinear interpolation part (conforming part) instead of the whole function on each element, respectively. The well‐posedness of the approximation solution is proved through Brouwer fixed point theorem. Quasi‐uniform optimal error estimate in the energy norm is derived independent of the negative powers of the real perturbation parameter δ appearing in the considered problem, which improves the corresponding result in the existing literature. Finally, some numerical results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.
Condensed generalized finite element method
Authors: Zhang Qinghui , Cui Cu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGeneralized or extended finite element methods (GFEM/XFEM) are in general badly conditioned and have numerous additional degrees of freedom (DOF) compared with the FEM due to introduction of enriched functions. In this paper, we develop an approach to establish a subspace of a conventional GFEM/XFEM approximation space using partition of unity (PU) techniques and local least‐square procedures. The proposed GFEM is referred to as condensed GFEM (CGFEM), which (i) possesses as many DOFs as the preliminary FEM, (ii) enjoys similar approximation properties with the GFEM/XFEM, and (iii) is well‐conditioned in the sense that its conditioning is of the same order as that of the FEM. The fundamental approximation properties of CGFEM are proven mathematically. The CGFEM is applied to a problem of high order polynomial approximations and a Poisson crack problem. The optimal convergence orders of the former are proven rigorously. Numerical experiments and comparisons with the conventional GFEM/XFEM and FEM are presented to verify the theory and effectiveness of CGFEM.
An amputated leg in 18th–19th centuries central Spain
Authors: Dorado‐Fernández Enrique , Herrerín Jesús , Cáceres‐Mollor David , Botella Miguel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmputation was probably one of the oldest surgical procedures of humankind. Most of archaeological examples of amputation are based on full skeletal remains with signs of one or two members removal; however, there are scarce evidences of the cut pieces. Here, we present a unique case and a complete anthropological study of a sectioned leg with unequivocal signs of a surgical amputation below the knee on the superior edges of both the tibia and fibula. In the chapel La Ermita de la Virgen de Vallejo in Alcozar (Soria), a small necropolis with eight complete individuals and a tomb with the amputations of at least another three was discovered. The necropolis was dated between the 18th and 19th centuries. Among the skeletal remains of the individuals recovered was a left leg partially wrapped in bandages that had been inserted into a clay vessel. A detailed study of the skeletal remains recovered was performed, and evidence of a comminuted fracture at the ankle and a reaction of the periosteum on the tibia and fibula were observed. The sex and age of the individual were estimated, and the remains are likely to correspond to an adult woman. All data indicate that the leg was amputated using the standardised surgical methods of the 18th–19th centuries. Moreover, the evolution from initial trauma to amputation can be reconstructed. The patient's survival is assumed because the other exhumed individuals were complete. Additionally, the study of the bone edges has allowed for the identification of the tool used in the operation. All this must be placed in a very poor social and historical context; the leg was found in a small cemetery of an isolated population from the Castilian plateau, suggesting an acceptable level of surgery was performed outside the medical centres of the big cities.
A green and sustainable method for monitoring the chemical composition of soybean: an alternative for quality control
Authors: Borges Maiara S. , Zanatta Ana C. , Souza Otávio A. , Pelissari João H. , Camargo Júlio G.S. , Carneiro Renato L. , Funari Cristiano S. , Bolzani Vanderlan S. , Rinaldo Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionSoybean is one of the most important crops in the world, an important source of isoflavones, and used to treat various chronic diseases. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), associated with multivariate experiments and green solvents, is increasingly used to develop comprehensive elution methods for quality control of plants and derivatives.ObjectiveThe work aims to establish a HPLC fingerprinting method for soybean seeds employing Green Chemistry Principles, a sustainable solvent with low toxicity, and a comprehensive experimental design that reduces the number of experiments.Materials and MethodsThe fingerprinting method was optimised through Design of Experiments by evaluating seven chromatographic variables: initial percentage of ethanol (X1), final percentage of ethanol (X2), temperature (X3), percentage of acetic acid in water (X4), flow rate (X5), run time (X6), and stationary phase (X7). The dependent variable was the number of peaks (n).ResultsAn initial factorial design for screening purposes indicated that the most significant quantitative parameters to separate soybean metabolites were X1 and X3. The conditions were optimised by a Doehlert design, to obtain a HPLC‐PAD (photodiode array detector) fingerprinting of the polar extract of soybean seeds with the markers identified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS). The optimum fingerprinting method was determined as 5–55% of ethanol in 30 min, at 35°C, and flow rate of 1 mL/min, by employing a phenyl‐hexyl column (150 mm × 4.6 mm).ConclusionThe developed green method enabled markers of soybean to be separated and identified and could be an eco‐friendlier alternative for soybean quality control that covered seven Green Analytical Chemistry Principles.
Students' perfectionistic profiles: Stability, change, and associations with achievement goal orientations
Authors: Ståhlberg Jenny , Tuominen Heta , Pulkka Antti‐Tuomas , Niemivirta Markku 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, we examined what kind of perfectionistic profiles (i.e., different patterns of perfectionistic strivings and concerns) can be identified among general upper‐secondary school students, how stable those profiles are over the school year, and how they are connected with students' motivation (i.e., achievement goal orientations). Four distinct profiles were identified. Students with high strivings and low concerns had their focus mainly on mastery, while students with an opposite profile emphasized performance‐avoidance and work‐avoidance orientations. Students with high strivings and concerns favored both performance‐ and mastery‐related goals, whereas students characterized by low strivings and low concerns did not display a dominant tendency toward any orientation. Perfectionistic profiles were relatively stable over time, with the majority of students reporting similar tendencies across the measurements, and with no extreme changes observed. Some indications of more students displaying less adaptive perfectionistic tendencies by the end of the school year were nevertheless found. Our findings demonstrate not only stability in perfectionistic tendencies, but also their motivational relevance in the academic context where students' goals and performance concerns play an important role.
Using botanic gardens and arboreta to help identify urban trees for the future
Authors: Hirons Andrew D. , Watkins J. Harry R. , Baxter Tim J. , Miesbauer Jason W. , Male‐Muñoz Andrew , Martin Kevin W. E. , Bassuk Nina L. , Sjöman Henrik 
Published: October 2020

Societal Impact StatementDiversification of urban forests is essential to enhance their resilience to future biotic threats as well as those posed by a changing climate. Arboreta and botanic gardens host a wide range of plant material that can be evaluated to inform tree selection policy. This study demonstrates that plant functional traits, such as the water potential at leaf turgor loss, can be highly instructive when developing evidence‐based recommendations for urban environments. However, if botanic collections are to fulfil a critical role in understanding plant response to environment, they should not be managed solely as visitor attractions but must have scientific objectives at the forefront of management policy.Summary

Arboreta and botanic gardens host a multitude of species that can be utilized in research focused on improving diversity within urban forests. Higher tree species diversity will enhance the resilience of urban forests to abiotic and biotic threats and help deliver strategies that foster sustainable communities. Consequently, this study aims to demonstrate the value of botanic collections as a resource for research into tree species selection for more resilient urban landscapes.

As water stress is a major constraint for trees in urban environments, understanding the drought tolerance of species is essential for urban tree selection. This study evaluates a key functional trait relating to drought tolerance. Using vapor pressure osmometry, the water potential at leaf turgor loss was evaluated for 96 species using plant material from seven botanic collections in North America and Europe.

Leaf turgor loss contrasted widely in the temperate deciduous trees evaluated and, in summer, ranged from −1.7 MPa to −3.9 MPa. Significant differences in drought tolerance were also apparent across genera and closely related cultivars. Osmotic adjustment was shown to be a major physiological factor driving leaf turgor loss. A meta‐analysis also demonstrated that leaf turgor loss was closely related to a drought‐tolerance scale based on observations of tree performance under drought.

Arboreta and botanic collections can play a vital role in the evaluation of plant material for urban environments, provided they are curated with scientific objectives at the forefront of management policy and are not managed purely as visitor attractions.
Automatic recognition of bladder tumours using deep learning technology and its clinical application
Authors: Yang Rui , Du Yang , Weng Xiaodong , Chen Zhiyuan , Wang Shanshan , Liu Xiuheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBladder cancer is a kind of tumors with a high recurrence rate. The improvement of the cure rate and prognosis of bladder tumor depends on the accurate recognition of bladder tumor under the cystoscope.AimsTo verify that deep learning technology can identify bladder cancer images.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 1200 cystoscopic cancer images from 224 patients with bladder cancer and 1150 cystoscopic images from 221 patients with no bladder cancer were collected. Three convolutional neural networks (LeNet, AlexNet and GoogLeNet), and the EasyDL deep learning platform were used to train deep learning models to distinguish images of bladder cancer. The diagnostic efficiency of deep learning model and urology experts was compared.ResultsThe efficiency of EasyDL was the highest, and the accuracy was 96.9%. The efficiency of GoogLeNet was the second highest, and the accuracy was 92.54%. Among the 33 bladder cancer nodes and 11 no bladder cancer nodes, the accuracy of the neural network was 83.36% and that of medical experts was 84.09% (p > 0.05).DiscussionThis study used convolutional neural networks to recognize bladder tumor in the clinical. Although these three networks (LeNet, AlexNet and GoogLeNet) had a relatively basic network architecture, they achieved good results in the classification task of cystoscopic images. The deep learning system had a recognition efficiency no less than that of experienced clinical experts.ConclusionThis study proved the validity of the convolutional neural network for bladder tumor diagnosis based on the cystoscope.
Changing the field: A Bourdieusian analysis of educational practices that support equitable outcomes among minoritized youth on two informal science learning programs
Authors: Archer Louise , Godec Spela , Calabrese Barton Angela , Dawson Emily , Mau Ada , Patel Uma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSupporting more equitable participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remains a key, persistent educational challenge. This paper employs a sociological Bourdieusian lens to explore how equitable youth outcomes might be supported through informal science learning (ISL). Drawing on multimodal, ethnographic data from four case study youth aged 11–14 from two ISL programs, we identify four areas of practice that were enacted to a greater or lesser extent in the programs in support of equitable youth outcomes. We identify how the equitable potential of these practices was realized through a disruption of dominant power relations. It is argued that ISL should focus on changing the field, rather than young people. Affordances and limitations of the Bourdieusian lens are discussed.
Chitosan supplementation reduces oxidative stress in Leiothrix lutea in acute heat stress
Authors: Dai Yi , Zhou Ming‐qiang , He Yun‐qian , Peng Xi , Yuan Shi‐bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to assess the effects of chitosan supplementation on immune function, antioxidant enzyme activities and histological changes in Leiothrix lutea exposed to acute heat stress, 80 healthy adult birds were randomly divided into five experimental groups. The normal‐temperature group (NTG) was maintained at 21°C and fed the basic diet. The treatment groups were fed the basic diet supplemented with 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% chitosan, respectively, in normal‐temperature environment for 30 days and then exposed to heat (35°C and 40% relative humidity) for 3 hr. The results showed that the immune function and anti‐oxidative enzyme activities in L. lutea in heat‐stressed environment were enhanced by chitosan supplementation, whereas oxidative damage of tissues and cells were alleviated. The results revealed that addition of 0.5% chitosan to the diet may be optimal, playing a key role in meeting the demands of captive‐bred L. lutea in high‐temperature environments. This may constitute a useful feeding strategy in accordance with the behavioural selection of wild L. lutea, and could effectively promote ex situ conservation.
How to Value Public Science Employing Social Big Data?
Authors: Loureiro Maria L. , Alló Maria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Scientific discoveries can be classified as public goods. Arrow [1] discussed properties of knowledge that make it a public good; highlighting in particular, the fact that it cannot be depleted when shared, and once it is made public others cannot easily be excluded from its use. So, public good is a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or by a private individual or organization. Thus, a global public good is a public good that goes beyond borders, and CERN scientific output is the perfect example of a global public good.
R&D, Innovative Collaborations and the Role of Public Policies
Authors: Crescenzi Riccardo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
R&D investments have the potential to boost innovation at the local level. However, this only happens where appropriate complementary skills and conditions are available locally to support knowledge generation and absorption. Where major R&D facilities are located in regions that lack the appropriate receptive environment the local mismatch between R&D and skilled labor can persistently hinder innovation and local spillovers. How can this be avoided? Public policies have an important role to play. They should facilitate the development of connections between local teams and those active in the research facility. The presence of star researchers in large research facilities might—for example—be a key factor to facilitate collaboration with local industrial partners offering significant opportunities for technological upgrading.
Epilogue: Productive Collisions—Blue-Sky Science and Today’s Innovations
Authors: Sotiriou Maria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The London School of Economics (LSE) joins CERN as an established partner of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) Study, a project that touches many fields in and beyond physics. This volume coincides with the first steps of Horizon Europe in hopes of informing research and innovation planning. The challenges and scepticism facing Big Science were discussed but, despite them, we stand firm in support of the society-wide benefit of scientific projects of such magnitude. In concluding this volume, this article sums these perspectives, drawn from the joint CERN-LSE Alumni Association Belgium workshop held in 2019. Earlier, wider and greater benefits flow from Big, multi-disciplinary Science. These benefits are greatest when the core project is developed in open interaction with youth, local and global communities, engaging ecosystems capable of nurturing early spin-off innovation.