bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of realized ecological niche axes among sympatric tilefishes provides insight into potential drivers of co‐occurrence in the NW Atlantic
Authors: Olin Jill A. , Shipley Oliver N. , Cerrato Robert M. , Nitschke Paul , Magen Cédric , Frisk Michael G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGolden and Blueline Tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps and Caulolatilus microps) are keystone taxa in northwest (NW) Atlantic continental shelf‐edge environments due to their biotic (trophic‐mediated) and abiotic (ecosystem engineering) functional roles combined with high‐value fisheries. Despite this importance, the ecological niche dynamics (i.e., those relating to trophic behavior and food‐web interactions) of these sympatric species are poorly understood, knowledge of which may be consequential for maintaining both ecosystem function and fishery sustainability. We used stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) to build realized ecological niche hypervolumes to serve as proxies for diet and production use patterns of L. chamaeleonticeps and C. microps. We hypothesized that: (a) species exhibit ontogenetic shifts in diet and use of production sources; (b) species acquire energy from spatially distinct resource pools that reflect a sedentary life‐history and differential use of the continental shelf‐edge; and (c) species exhibit differentiation in one or more measured niche axes. We found evidence for ontogenetic shifts in diet (δ15N) but not production source (δ13C) in both species, suggesting a subtle expansion of measured ecological niche axes. Spatial interpolation of stable isotope ratios showed distinct latitudinal gradients; for example, individuals were 13C enriched in northern and 15N enriched in southern regions, supporting the assertion that tilefish species acquire energy from regional resource pools. High isotopic overlap was observed among species (≥82%); however, when hypervolumes included depth and region of capture, overlap among species substantially decreased to overlap estimates of 15%–77%. This suggests that spatial segregation could alleviate potential competition for resources among tilefish species inhabiting continental shelf‐edge environments. Importantly, our results question the consensus interpretation of isotopic overlap estimates as representative of direct competition among species for shared resources or habitats, instead identifying habitat segregation as a possible mechanism for coexistence of tilefish species in the NW Atlantic.
Can science diplomacy address the global climate change challenge?
Authors: Özkaragöz Doğan Elif , Uygun Zafer , Akçomak İbrahim Semih 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScience diplomacy has been used for the broad purpose of international knowledge management. Countries engage in science diplomacy to access and promote knowledge, as well as influence public opinion. Despite the rising interest in science diplomacy, there is very little research on how science diplomacy can be utilized to tackle global challenges such as climate change. This paper aims to bring developing countries in front and show how science and technology cooperation among developing countries and between developing and developed countries can address climate change problems. Looking from a science and technology policy lens and highlighting the difference between science diplomacy and epistemic communities, we investigate structured government attempts in initiating cooperation toward specific ends. This paper looks at five cases: Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER), Middle East Regional Cooperation (MERC) Program, bilateral cooperation between Germany and China on electromobility, Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Reverse Linkage program, and The China South–South Climate Cooperation Fund. Then it builds a taxonomy on how science diplomacy is used in climate change mitigation and adaptation and attempts to make a synthesis of the cases. We argue that there is room for developing countries in international knowledge management if science diplomacy tools are properly designed and managed to take context‐specific nature of countries into account.
Plasma D‐dimer concentrations predicting stroke risk and rivaroxaban benefit in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm: an analysis from the COMMANDER‐HF trial
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Anker Stefan D. , Mehra Mandeep R. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Byra William M. , La Police David A. , Cleland John G.F. , Greenberg Barry , Zannad Faiez 
Published: September 2020

AimsD‐dimer is a marker of fibrin degradation that reflects intravascular coagulation. Therefore, plasma concentrations of D‐dimer might predict thromboembolic risk and rivaroxaban treatment effect. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between D‐dimer levels and the risk of stroke and other thrombotic, bleeding and fatal events, and whether D‐dimer concentrations could predict rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily (vs. placebo) effect in patients enrolled in the COMMANDER‐HF trial who were in sinus rhythm, had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and coronary artery disease.Methods and resultsSurvival models with treatment‐by‐plasma D‐dimer interaction. Baseline measurement of D‐dimer was available in 4107 (82%) of 5022 patients enrolled. Median (percentile25–75) follow‐up was 21 (12.9–32.8) months. The median (percentile25–75) plasma concentration of D‐dimer was 360 (215–665) ng/mL. The D‐dimer tertiles were: (i) ≤255 ng/mL; (ii) 256–515 ng/mL; and (iii) >515 ng/mL. Patients within the tertile 3 were older, and had lower body mass index, blood pressure, haemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Higher plasma D‐dimer concentrations were independently associated with higher rates of death, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. For example, the all‐cause death adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95%CI) of tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 was 1.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–2.11; P < 0.001]. The effect of rivaroxaban was similar in each tertile of D‐dimer for all outcomes except stroke. Patients within the tertile 3 had the greatest absolute and relative stroke reduction (tertile 1: HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.49–2.74; tertile 2: HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.77–2.73; tertile 3: HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.70; P for interaction = 0.008). The number‐needed‐to‐treat to prevent one stroke in tertile 3 was 36.ConclusionsIn COMMANDER‐HF, rivaroxaban reduced the risk of stroke but the benefit may be confined to patients with D‐dimer concentrations above 515 ng/mL. Prospective trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
Sentiment classification of skewed shoppers' reviews using machine learning techniques, examining the textual features
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the speedy growth of online shopping, it has become of crucial importance for product makers to analyze, and handle a wealth of products' reviews. However, such a high volume of reviews, along with a wide variety of opinions, makes it hard for manufacturers to know exactly how they can improve their products without having an efficient approach. For this purpose, the results of sentiment classification would help the customers to retrieve the necessary information to choose an appropriate product, and the sellers to effectively collect customer feedback in order to improve their products. Like most of the read‐world problems, the shopping review data being used in this study were imbalanced, being predominately composed of positive with only a small percentage of negative reviews. Machine learning (ML) algorithms do not perform well when data are imbalanced, as they tend to get biased toward the overrepresented data category. The synthetic minority over‐sampling technique (SMOTE) was used to address this class imbalance problem. In this study, three different ML‐based algorithms, namely the Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine, and decision tree (DT) were employed. An extensive preprocessing procedure was taken to prepare the text datasets, and details are discussed in the manuscript. The performance analysis indicated that the DT algorithm outperforms the other two methods. As positive reviews account for the majority of the reviews, sparse words removal for the data resulted in the removal of almost all negative reviews' sentiments. Hence, the model training process is here performed on positive and negative reviews separately. A combination of the review titles with their contents, separate tokenization process, applications of various N‐gram, and maintaining stops words (e.g. “not” or “but”) were some other steps considered to improve the performance of the model.
Measuring Dynamic Energy Efficiency in Africa: A Slack‐Based DEA Approach
Authors: Amowine Nelson , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Mingxing , Zhou Zhixiang , Yaw Naminse Eric , Amowine James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the quest for economic and social prosperity, countries all over the world are constantly engaged in energy consumption to propel development. The utilization of energy emits dangerous greenhouse gases which have adverse impact on human health and the entire ecosystem. Finding the trade‐off that exists between economic growth and environmental protection is essential nowadays. Previous energy efficiency studies in Africa have focused on static efficiency and ignoring dynamic implications of crossover factors in productivity. Those studies in Africa have also failed to capture energy efficiency trends and patterns over time. Therefore, the current study applies the dynamic slack‐based measure (DSBM) in a data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework to assess the dynamic energy efficiency of 25 sampled African economies from 2007 to 2014 by adopting energy stock as carryover factors. Further, the study investigates the inputs, output, and carryover factors inefficiency in the model to identify the potential areas where inefficiencies occurred. The empirical results suggest that these selected African countries are far from being energy efficient (0.519). Therefore, both adjustments and projections on the inputs, output, and carryover variables should be taken into account, to improve efficiency. Finally, useful suggestions for energy efficiency improvement are further discussed based on the empirical results.
A gene expression signature for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nishiwada Satoshi , Sho Masayuki , Cui Ya , Yamamura Kensuke , Akahori Takahiro , Nakagawa Kenji , Nagai Minako , Nakamura Kota , Takagi Tadataka , Ikeda Naoya , Li Wei , Baba Hideo , Goel Ajay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), optimal treatment selection, including multimodality regimens such as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT), can be clinically transformative. Unfortunately, currently no predictive biomarkers are available that can guide the use of NACRT in PDAC patients. Accordingly, herein we developed a novel gene signature that can preoperatively predict NACRT‐sensitivity in PDAC patients. Herein, we evaluated the performance of a 10‐gene panel in 749 PDAC cases, which included two public datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium; n = 276), and three clinical specimen cohorts (n = 417), and a pre‐NACRT endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) biopsy cohort (n = 56). The potential predictive performance of this signature was evaluated and compared to CA‐19‐9 levels and key clinicopathological factors. We first evaluated the prognostic potential of a 10‐gene panel which significantly predicted overall survival in both public datasets (P < .01, P < .01), and two in‐house patient cohorts (P < .01, P = .04). In the pre‐NACRT EUS‐FNA cohort, we established a radio‐sensitivity gene panel (RSGP) which yielded highly robust (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.81‐0.97) for predicting response to gemcitabine‐based NACRT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that RSGP was an independent predictor for response to NACRT (OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.25‐5.85), and this response‐prediction was even more robust when CA‐19‐9 levels were included into the model. In conclusion, we have validated and developed a novel gene signature that is highly robust in predicting response to NACRT, even in preoperative settings, highlighting its clinical significance for optimizing and personalizing treatment strategies in PDAC patients.
Race and Ethnicity Predict Bone Markers and Fracture in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Laster Marciana , Denburg Michelle , Okuda Yusuke , Kumar Juhi , Furth Susan , Warady Bradley , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Norris Keith , Salusky Isidro B 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Studies in healthy children have shown racial-ethnic differences in bone markers and bone outcomes including fractures. At present, limited studies have evaluated the impact of race and ethnicity on bone markers and fractures within the pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. In a cohort study of 762 children between the ages of 1.5 years and 18 years, with CKD stages 1 to 4 from the CKD in children (CKiD) cohort, the relationship between racial-ethnic group and bone markers (parathyroid hormone [PTH], 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OHD], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], and C-terminal fibroblast growth factor [FGF23]) was determined using linear mixed models. Additionally, logistic regression was used to evaluate racial-ethnic differences in prevalent fracture upon study entry. Black race was associated with 23% higher PTH levels (confidence interval [CI], 2.5% to 47.7%; p = .03), 33.1% lower 25-OHD levels (CI, −39.7% to −25.7%; p &lt; .0001), and no difference in C-terminal FGF23 or 1,25(OH)2D levels when compared to whites. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with 15.9% lower C-terminal FGF23 levels (CI, −28.3% to −1.5%; p = .03) and 13.8% lower 25-OHD levels (CI, −22.2% to −4.5%; p = .005) when compared to whites. Black and Hispanic children had 74% (odds ratio [OR] 0.26; CI, 0.14 to 0.49; p = .001) and 66% (OR 0.34; CI, 0.17 to 0.65; p &lt; .0001) lower odds of any fracture than white children at study entry, respectively. Race and ethnicity are associated with differences in bone markers and despite lower 25-OHD levels, both black and Hispanic children with CKD reported a lower prevalent fracture history than white children. The current findings in the CKD population are similar to racial-ethnic differences described in healthy children. Additional studies are needed to better understand how these differences might impact the management of pediatric CKD-MBD. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
SP1‐induced lncRNA FOXD3‐AS1 contributes to tumorigenesis of cervical cancer by modulating the miR‐296‐5p/HMGA1 pathway
Authors: Ma Wen‐guang , Shi Si‐mao , Chen Lu , Lou Ge , Feng Xiao‐ling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have drawn growing attention due to their regulatory roles in various diseases, including tumors. Recently, lncRNA FOXD3 antisense RNA 1 (FOXD3‐AS1) was shown to be overexpressed in colon adenocarcinoma and glioma, exerting oncogenic functions. However, its expression and effects in cervical cancer (CC) remained unknown. In this research, our group first reported that the levels of FOXD3‐AS1 were distinctly elevated in CC samples and cell lines. The distinct upregulation of FOXD3‐AS1 was associated with lymphatic invasion, distant metastasis, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and also predicted poor clinical results of CC patients. Next, transcription factor SP1 was demonstrated to resulting in the upregulation of FOXD3‐AS1 in CC. Functional assays indicated that knockdown of FOXD3‐AS1 distinctly suppressed CC progression via affecting cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and metastasis. Moreover, mechanistic studies suggested that FOXD3‐AS1 acted as an endogenous sponge by directly binding miR‐296‐5p, resulting in the suppression of miR‐296‐5p. In addition, we also reported that high mobility group A, a direct target of miR‐296‐5p, could mediate the tumor‐promotive effects that FOXD3‐AS1 displayed. Overall, our present study might help to lead a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CC, provide a novel possible tumor biomarker, and probe the feasibility of lncRNA‐directed treatments for CC.
CKS1B promotes cell proliferation and invasion by activating STAT3/PD‐L1 and phosphorylation of Akt signaling in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Zhengdong , Yan Zhe , Ma Shihong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate role of GKS1B and its relationship between STAT3/PD‐L1 and p‐Akt in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsExpression of GKS1B and PD‐L1 was determined in PTC cell lines. GKS1B was overexpressed or knocked down by transfection with overexpression plasmids or si‐CKS1B. STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 was used to suppress STAT3, and PD‐L1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab was used to block PD‐L1. Cell viability and invasion were evaluated by MTT and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of STAT3, p‐STAT3, Akt, and p‐Akt was measured using Western blotting.ResultsBoth protein levels and mRNA levels of CKS1B and PD‐L1 were remarkably up‐regulated in PTC cell lines. Knockdown of CKS1B significantly inhibited cell viability and invasion of PTC cells and suppressed STAT3/PD‐L1 signaling and Akt phosphorylation, while overexpression of CKS1B led to opposite results. Inhibition of STAT3 or PD‐L1 reversed the effects of overexpressed CKS1B on PTC cells.ConclusionThe overexpression of CSK1B could promote cell viability and invasion of PTC cells through activation of STAT3/PD‐L1 signaling and Akt phosphorylation.
Codon usage pattern and evolutionary forces of mitochondrial ND genes among orders of class Amphibia
Authors: Barbhuiya Parvin A. , Uddin Arif , Chakraborty Supriyo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we used a bioinformatics approach to analyze the nucleotide composition and pattern of synonymous codon usage in mitochondrial ND genes in three amphibian groups, that is, orders Anura, Caudata, and Gymnophiona to identify the commonality and the differences of codon usage as no research work was reported yet. The high value of the effective number of codons revealed that the codon usage bias (CUB) was low in mitochondrial ND genes among the orders. Nucleotide composition analysis suggested that for each gene, the compositional features differed among Anura, Caudata, and Gymnophiona and the GC content was lower than AT content. Furthermore, a highly significant difference (p < .05) for GC content was found in each gene among the orders. The heat map showed contrasting patterns of codon usage among different ND genes. The regression of GC12 on GC3 suggested a narrow range of GC3 distribution and some points were located in the diagonal, indicating both mutation pressure and natural selection might influence the CUB. Moreover, the slope of the regression line was less than 0.5 in all ND genes among orders, indicating natural selection might have played the dominant role whereas mutation pressure had played a minor role in shaping CUB of ND genes across orders.
SNAREs and developmental disorders
Authors: Tang Bor L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMembers of the soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family mediate membrane fusion processes associated with vesicular trafficking and autophagy. SNAREs mediate core membrane fusion processes essential for all cells, but some SNAREs serve cell/tissue type‐specific exocytic/endocytic functions, and are therefore critical for various aspects of embryonic development. Mutations or variants of their encoding genes could give rise to developmental disorders, such as those affecting the nervous system and immune system in humans. Mutations to components in the canonical synaptic vesicle fusion SNARE complex (VAMP2, STX1A/B, and SNAP25) and a key regulator of SNARE complex formation MUNC18‐1, produce variant phenotypes of autism, intellectual disability, movement disorders, and epilepsy. STX11 and MUNC18‐2 mutations underlie 2 subtypes of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. STX3 mutations contribute to variant microvillus inclusion disease. Chromosomal microdeletions involving STX16 play a role in pseudohypoparathyroidism type IB associated with abnormal imprinting of the GNAS complex locus. In this short review, I discuss these and other SNARE gene mutations and variants that are known to be associated with a variety developmental disorders, with a focus on their underlying cellular and molecular pathological basis deciphered through disease modeling. Possible pathogenic potentials of other SNAREs whose variants could be disease predisposing are also speculated upon.
COVID‐19 and dental clinical practice: Students and clinical staff perceptions of health risks and educational impact
Authors: Loch Carolina , Kuan Ian B. J. , Elsalem Lina , Schwass Donald , Brunton Paul A. , Jum'ah Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesDue to the nature of the profession, dental healthcare workers are exposed to infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), and the severity of the pandemic presents challenges to dental education institutions worldwide. This study investigated dental students and clinical staff perceptions of health risks and impacts on clinical competence of working in teaching clinics during the COVID‐19 outbreak.MethodsA 39‐item survey composed of closed and open questions was sent to students and clinical staff of a prominent Australasian dental school. Questions focused on students and clinical staff perceived impact of COVID‐19 on their health, clinical safety and dental education.ResultsThe majority of staff and students perceived their health to be at risk and this increased their stress and impacted clinical performance, particularly for students. The production of aerosols and violation of cross‐infection protocols by some students were the main perceived contributors to COVID‐19 cross‐infection in teaching clinics. Both students and staff considered the closure of teaching clinics would cause extreme impacts on students’ clinical competence; however, online case‐based discussions and tutorials were suggested as potential alternative teaching methods that could be adopted during that period.Conclusion(s)The challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic also bring opportunities for dental education development; mainly in terms of infection prevention and control improvement, preparedness to respond to future contagious diseases, and exploring the benefits of online learning in dentistry.
Interspecific variation of seed morphological and micro‐morphological traits in the genus Vicia (Fabaceae)
Authors: Han Seahee , Sebastin Raveendar , Lee Kyung Jun , Wang XiaoHan , Shin Myoung‐Jae , Kim Seong‐Hoon , Lee Sookyeong , Lee Jung‐Ro , Cho Gyu‐Taek , Hyun Do Yoon , Chung Jong‐Wook 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeed macro‐ and micro‐morphology were analyzed to evaluate their capacity to discriminate species in the genus Vicia (Fabaceae). To assess the interspecific variation of the taxa in the genus Vicia, 41 accessions were obtained from the USDA‐ARS germplasm collection in the USA and 19 accessions were collected from Korea. Seed morphological characteristics such as shape, color, mottling, finish, length, width, diameter, hilum shape, hilum color, hilum length, and lens distance from the hilum were examined under a stereomicroscope. Testa texture characteristics such as testa pattern, papillae type, density, height, ribbing, surface deposits, and peaks topped with wax were examined under scanning electron microscopy. Various gross‐morphological traits of seeds of Vicia species have been analyzed and compared. The present study revealed significant variation in testa traits. Testa were papillose and papillose with mounds, the latter being observed only in Vicia lathyroides. The present study revealed 20 key traits that could be used to diagnose Vicia species and classify them.