bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Indonesian Mental Health Act: psychiatrists’ views on the act and its implementation
Authors: Bikker Annemieke P , Lesmana Cokorda Bagus Jaya , Tiliopoulos Niko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2014, the Indonesian government passed the Mental Health Act (MHA) to address the country’s complex mental health situation. The implementation of the MHA has been slow, and little is known about how the MHA is perceived by mental healthcare providers within local settings. This study aimed to obtain insight into psychiatrists’ views on the MHA, including on how it affected their clinical practice and on challenges of translating the MHA into practice. The study was conducted in Bali, and 27 psychiatrists (15 men and 12 women) participated in a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis indicated four overarching themes: raising the profile of mental health, developing a shared understanding of mental illness, integrating psychiatric practice with other services and views on implementation of the MHA into practice. Overall, the psychiatrists viewed the MHA as a step in the right direction to improve mental health services and to create awareness at local and national levels. However, there was consensus that the meaning of the MHA’s concepts of mental problems and disorders were not compatible with psychiatric everyday practice or their patients’ understandings. As a result, many assumed that the MHA was targeted at government and policy officials. Furthermore, there was a perceived lack of clarity on issues relating to collaborating with other services and unequal access to resources among regencies that impacted on their clinical practice in a negative way. Moreover, a few psychiatrists raised concerns that local beliefs and practices were not acknowledged in the MHA. According to the participants, mental health remained a highly political issue and without national support, mental health would remain a low priority. In conclusion, insights into providers’ perspectives contribute to developing an evidence-base that can inform the implementation process of the MHA in Indonesia, and possibly elsewhere, into local level guidelines and regulations.
Intragenic complementation of amino and carboxy terminal SMN missense mutations can rescue Smn null mice
Authors: McGovern Vicki L , Kray Kaitlyn M , Arnold W David , Duque Sandra I , Iyer Chitra C , Massoni-Laporte Aurélie , Workman Eileen , Patel Aalapi , Battle Daniel J , Burghes Arthur H M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by reduced levels of SMN resulting from the loss of SMN1 and reliance on SMN2 for the production of SMN. Loss of SMN entirely is embryonic lethal in mammals. There are several SMN missense mutations found in humans. These alleles do not show partial function in the absence of wild-type SMN and cannot rescue a null Smn allele in mice. However, these human SMN missense allele transgenes can rescue a null Smn allele when SMN2 is present. We find that the N- and C-terminal regions constitute two independent domains of SMN that can be separated genetically and undergo intragenic complementation. These SMN protein heteromers restore snRNP assembly of Sm proteins onto snRNA and completely rescue both survival of Smn null mice and motor neuron electrophysiology demonstrating that the essential functional unit of SMN is the oligomer.
Habitat use and movement patterns of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in eastern Australian waters
Authors: Lipscombe Rebecca S , Spaet Julia L Y , Scott Anna , Lam Chi Hin , Brand Craig P , Butcher Paul A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Understanding the movement of marine predators is vital for effective conservation and management. Despite being targeted by shark control programs, the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, is poorly studied off eastern Australia. To investigate the horizontal movement and habitat use in this region, 16 sharks (157–384 cm total length) were tagged with MiniPAT pop-up satellite archival tags in 2018 and 2019. Eleven of these individuals were also fitted with satellite-linked radio transmitting tags. After release, most sharks moved off the continental shelf and headed north, associating with seamounts as they moved towards Queensland. During their time at liberty they transited through temperate, sub-tropical and tropical waters and spent the majority of time in the upper 50 m of the water column and at temperatures between 22 and 25˚C. Horizontal movement was focused in waters off the continental shelf. Increased movement over shelf waters occurred during the austral spring and summer when the East Australian Current is at its strongest and warm waters encroach the continental shelf. Broad latitudinal movement along the east coast of Australia was evident and highlights the connectivity between tropical and warm-temperate regions.
Development and testing of fish-retention devices for pots: transparent triggers significantly increase catch efficiency for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Chladek Jérôme , Stepputtis Daniel , Hermann Andreas , Ljungberg Peter , Rodriguez-Tress Paco , Santos Juan , Svendsen Jon Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fish pots have lower catch efficiency than gillnets and trawls and, therefore, are rarely used for catching Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and similar species. Fish-retention devices (FRDs), non-return devices that permit fish to enter the pot while impeding exit, reduce the pot exit rate and therefore can increase catches. Conventional FRDs, however, also reduce entry rate and may not improve catches. To increase pot-catch efficiency, we developed and tested a new trigger-type FRD, made of transparent acrylic glass, which we named acrylic fingers (AFs). AFs are almost invisible underwater and offer little resistance to entering cod. We compared AFs with Neptune fingers (NFs), a conventional trigger-type FRD with a distinct visual outline, by observing cod entry and exit rates through both trigger types rigged to a pot in a net pen. Both trigger types significantly reduced exit rates compared with a funnel without triggers; however, NFs also reduced entry rates by visually deterring cod. Specifically, AFs have higher entry-to-exit ratios and therefore improve catch efficiency. Combining AFs with funnels further increased catch efficiency. Thus, transparent acrylic triggers present a promising new approach to increasing pot-catch efficiency and may increase the uptake of the cod pot, an environmentally low-impact gear.
Teflon Trump? Shifting Public Perceptions of Donald Trump’s Personality Traits across Four Studies over 18 Months
Authors: Nai Alessandro , Maier Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Democrats and Republicans have divergent views about Trump’s personality. Are these perceptions stable over time? We describe the evolution of Trump’s perceived personality (Big Five and Dark Triad) between November 2018 and May 2020 by comparing four samples of American respondents (Mechanical Turk). Trump’s perceived personality is on average extremely stable. Liberals have a much more critical perception of Trump than conservatives. Yet, strong Republicans have an increasingly more negative perception over the time—perhaps because the scandals that have marred the Trump presidency are at odds with conservative “moral foundations.” We also detected a potential demobilization trend for strong Republicans; the more they perceive the president negatively, the lower their likelihood to turn out. The electoral implications of these trends are important.
Consensus-based antimicrobial resistance and stewardship competencies for UK undergraduate medical students
Authors: McMaster David , Courtenay Molly , Santucci Catherine , Davies Angharad P , Kirby Andrew , Seddon Owen , Price David A , Barlow Gavin , Lim Felicia H , Davies Bethany S , O’Shea Matthew K , Collini Paul , Basarab Marina , Ahmad Afshan , Albur Mahableshwar , Hemsley Carolyn , Brown Nicholas M , O’Gorman Ciaran , Rautemaa-Richardson Riina , Davies Geraint R , Penfold Christopher N , Patel Sanjay ,   Keep Antibiotics Working (KAW) group, Ahmad Afshan , Kirby Andrew , Davies Angharad P , Davies Bethany S , Robertson Brian D , Hemsley Carolyn , Santucci Catherine , Penfold Christopher N , O’Gorman Ciaran , Price David A , McMaster David , Mitcheson Deborah , Hart Elizabeth , Lim Felicia H , Barlow Gavin , Davies Geraint R , Albur Mahableshwar , Basarab Marina , O’Shea Matthew K , Courtenay Molly , Brown Nicholas M , Jones Nicola , Seddon Owen , McGettigan Patricia , Collini Paul , Munthali Peter , Rautemaa-Richardson Riina , Patel Sanjay , Roberts Sophie , Sloan Tim , Paget Timothy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In the UK there is limited coverage of antimicrobial stewardship across postgraduate curricula and evidence that final year medical students have insufficient and inconsistent antimicrobial stewardship teaching. A national undergraduate curriculum for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship is required to standardize an adequate level of understanding for all future doctors.

Objectives
To provide a UK national consensus on competencies for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship for undergraduate medical education.

Methods
Using the modified Delphi method over two online survey rounds, an expert panel comprising leads for infection teaching from 25 UK medical schools reviewed competency descriptors for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship education.

Results
There was a response rate of 100% with all 28 experts who agreed to take part completing both survey rounds. Following the first-round survey, of the initial 55 descriptors, 43 reached consensus (78%). The second-round survey included the 12 descriptors from the first round in which agreement had not been reached, four amended descriptors and 12 new descriptors following qualitative feedback from the panel members. Following the second-round survey, a total of 58 consensus-based competency descriptors within six overarching domains were identified.

Conclusions
The consensus-based competency descriptors defined here can be used to inform standards, design curricula, develop assessment tools and direct UK undergraduate medical education.
A phase II Japanese trial of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab for previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Izutsu Koji , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Takizawa Jun , Fukuhara Suguru , Yamamoto Go , Ohashi Yasuo , Suzumiya Junji , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) is the standard regimen for fit patients with untreated CD20-positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, this combination is unavailable in Japan because rituximab is not approved for CLL. We investigated the efficacy and safety of FCR in this single-arm, multicenter study designed as a bridging study to the CLL8 study by the German CLL Study Group.

Methods
The study enrolled previously untreated patients with CLL of Binet stage B or C with active disease. Patients with a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale score of ≤6 and creatinine clearance of ≥70 ml/min were eligible. Patients received 6 cycles of FCR every 28 days and were followed for up to 1 year.

Results
Seven patients were enrolled. The best overall response rate according to the 1996 NCI-WG Guidelines, the primary endpoint of the study, was 71.4% (95% confidence interval, 29.0–96.3%), with one patient achieving complete response. No deaths or progression occurred during follow-up. The main adverse event was hematotoxicity. CD4-positive T-cell count decreased in all patients; most patients showed no reduction in serum immunoglobulin G.

Conclusion
Although the number of patients was limited, FCR appears to be effective with manageable toxicity for treatment-naïve fit Japanese patients with CD20-positive CLL.

Clinical trial number
JapicCTI-132285.
A new living species of degu, genusOctodon(Hystricomorpha: Octodontidae)
Authors: D’Elía Guillermo , Teta Pablo , Verzi Diego H , Cadenillas Richard , Patton James L 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe combine morphological (qualitative and quantitative data) and genetic (one mitochondrial and one nuclear gene) data from a large set of specimens of Octodon from the four currently recognized living species of the genus. The integration of the results (qualitative assessment, multivariate analysis of cranial measurements, and gene trees) allows us to state that 1) the current taxonomic scheme does not reflect the species diversity of Octodon; 2) in particular, as currently understood O. bridgesii likely is a complex of three species; 3) one of these, encompassing the southern populations of the genus, in the Araucanía Region (Chile) and Neuquén Province (Argentina), is named and described here as a new species; and 4) the mitochondrial gene tree departs from the nuclear gene tree with respect to O. pacificus and the new species here described.
Photobleaching reduction in modulated super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Ghithan Jafar H , Noel Jennifer M , Roussel Thomas J , McCall Maureen A , Alphenaar Bruce W , Mendes Sergio B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Important breakthroughs in far-field imaging techniques have been made since the first demonstrations of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. To date, the most straightforward and widespread deployment of STED microscopy has used continuous wave (CW) laser beams for both the excitation and depletion of fluorescence emission. A major drawback of the CW STED imaging technique has been photobleaching effects due to the high optical power needed in the depletion beam to reach sub-diffraction resolution. To overcome this hurdle, we have applied a synchronous detection approach based on modulating the excitation laser beam, while keeping the depletion beam at CW operation, and frequency filtering the collected signal with a lock-in amplifier to record solely the super-resolved fluorescence emission. We demonstrate here that such approach allows an important reduction in the optical power of both laser beams that leads to measurable decreases in photobleaching effects in STED microscopy. We report super-resolution images with relatively low powers for both the excitation and depletion beams. In addition, typical unwanted scattering effects and background signal generated from the depletion beam, which invariably arises from mismatches in refractive index in the material composing the sample, are largely reduced by using the modulated STED approach. The capability of acquiring super-resolution images with relatively low power is quite relevant for studying a variety of samples, but particularly important for biological species as exemplified in this work.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19–Infected Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Hua , Han Han , He Tianhui , Labbe Kristen E , Hernandez Adrian V , Chen Haiquan , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Stebbing Justin , Wong Kwok-Kin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have indicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with cancer have a high fatality rate.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies that reported fatalities in COVID-19 patients with cancer. A comprehensive meta-analysis that assessed the overall case fatality rate and associated risk factors was performed. Using individual patient data, univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for each variable with outcomes.ResultsWe included 15 studies with 3019 patients, of which 1628 were men; 41.0% were from the United Kingdom and Europe, followed by the United States and Canada (35.7%), and Asia (China, 23.3%). The overall case fatality rate of COVID-19 patients with cancer measured 22.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.3% to 28.0%). Univariate analysis revealed age (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.80 to 7.06), male sex (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.07 to 4.13), and comorbidity (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.04 to 3.85) were associated with increased risk of severe events (defined as the individuals being admitted to the intensive care unit, or requiring invasive ventilation, or death). In multivariable analysis, only age greater than 65 years (OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.45 to 6.88) and being male (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.07 to 4.87) were associated with increased risk of severe events.ConclusionsOur analysis demonstrated that COVID-19 patients with cancer have a higher fatality rate compared with that of COVID-19 patients without cancer. Age and sex appear to be risk factors associated with a poorer prognosis.
Visitor Restriction Policy on Pediatric Wards During Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Survey Study Across North America
Authors: Kitano Taito , Piché-Renaud Pierre-Philippe , Groves Helen E , Streitenberger Laurie , Freeman Renee , Science Michelle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Visitor restriction policies in pediatric wards during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak are variable. Among 36 hospitals that responded to our survey, 97% allowed at least 1 visitor, with 67% restricting to 1 caregiver. Sixty-nine percent required the visitor to wear personal protective equipment and only 19% allowed non-household visitors.
Pu-miR172d regulates stomatal density and water-use efficiency via targetingPuGTL1in poplar
Authors: Liu Quangang , Wang Zhanchao , Yu Sen , Li Wenlong , Zhang Mengqiu , Yang Jia , Li Dandan , Yang Jingli , Li Chenghao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractmiRNAs play essential regulatory roles in many aspects of plant development and in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we characterize Pu-miR172d, which acts as a negative regulator of stomatal density by directly repressing the expression of PuGTL1 in Populus ussuriensis. Quantitative real-time PCR and GUS reporter analyses showed that Pu-miR172d was strongly expressed in the guard cells of young leaves. Overexpression of Pu-miR172d significantly decreased stomatal density, resulting in increases in water use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance by reducing net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Molecular analysis showed that PuGTL1 was a major target of Pu-miR172d cleavage. Moreover, PuGTL1-SRDX plants, in which PuGTL1 is suppressed, phenocopied Pu-miR172d-overexpression lines with reduced stomatal density and enhanced WUE. The expression of PuSDD1, a negative regulator of stomatal development, was significantly increased in young leaves of both Pu-miR172d-overexpression and PuGTL1-SRDX plants. RNA-seq analysis of mature leaves indicated that overexpression of Pu-miR172d decreased the expression of many genes related to photosynthesis. Our findings show that the Pu-miR172d/PuGTL1/PuSDD1 module plays an important role in stomatal differentiation, and hence it is a potential target for engineering improved drought tolerance in poplar.
Joint gas and stellar dynamical models of WLM: an isolated dwarf galaxy within a cored, prolate DM halo
Authors: Leung Gigi Y C , Leaman Ryan , Battaglia Giuseppina , van de Ven Glenn , Brooks Alyson M , Peñarrubia Jorge , Venn Kim A 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present multitracer dynamical models of the low-mass (M* ∼ 107), isolated dwarf irregular galaxy WLM in order to simultaneously constrain the inner slope of the dark matter (DM) halo density profile (γ) and flattening (qDM), and the stellar orbital anisotropy (βz, βr). For the first time, we show how jointly constraining the mass distribution from the H i gas rotation curve and solving the Jeans equations with discrete stellar kinematics lead to a factor of ∼2 reduction in the uncertainties on γ. The mass-anisotropy degeneracy is also partially broken, leading to reductions on uncertainty by ${\sim} 30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on Mvir (and ${\sim} 70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at the half-light radius) and ${\sim} 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on anisotropy. Our inferred value of γ = 0.3 ± 0.1 is robust to the halo geometry, and in excellent agreement with predictions of stellar feedback-driven DM core creation. The derived prolate geometry of the DM halo with qDM = 2 ± 1 is consistent with Lambda cold dark matter simulations of dwarf galaxy haloes. While self-interacting DM (SIDM) models with σ/mX ∼ 0.6 can reproduce this cored DM profile, the interaction events may sphericalize the halo. The simultaneously cored and prolate DM halo may therefore present a challenge for SIDM. Finally, we find that the radial profile of stellar anisotropy in WLM (βr) follows a nearly identical trend of increasing tangential anisotropy to the classical dwarf spheroidals, Fornax and Sculptor. Given WLM’s orbital history, this result may call into question whether such anisotropy is a consequence of tidal stripping in only one pericentric passage or if it instead is a feature of the largely self-similar formation and evolutionary pathways for some dwarf galaxies.
Accurate initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations: minimizing truncation and discreteness errors
Authors: Michaux Michaël , Hahn Oliver , Rampf Cornelius , Angulo Raul E 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Inaccuracies in the initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations could easily be the largest source of systematic error in predicting the non-linear large-scale structure. From the theory side, initial conditions are usually provided by using low-order truncations of the displacement field from Lagrangian perturbation theory, with the first- and second-order approximations being the most common ones. Here, we investigate the improvement brought by using initial conditions based on third-order Lagrangian perturbation theory (3LPT). We show that with 3LPT, truncation errors are vastly suppressed, thereby opening the portal to initializing simulations accurately as late as z = 12 (for the resolution we consider). We analyse the competing effects of perturbative truncation and particle discreteness on various summary statistics. Discreteness errors are essentially decaying modes and thus get strongly amplified for earlier initialization times. We show that late starting times with 3LPT provide the most accurate configuration, which we find to coincide with the continuum fluid limit within 1 per cent for the power- and bispectrum at z = 0 up to the particle Nyquist wavenumber of our simulations (k ∼ 3h Mpc−1). In conclusion, to suppress non-fluid artefacts, we recommend initializing simulations as late as possible with 3LPT. We make our 3LPT initial condition generator publicly available.
They do change after all: 25 yr of GONG data reveal variation of p-mode energy supply rates
Authors: Kiefer René , Broomhall Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
It has been shown over and over again that the parameters of solar p modes vary through the solar activity cycle: frequencies, amplitudes, lifetimes, energies. However, so far, the rates at which energy is supplied to the p modes have not been detected to be sensitive to the level of magnetic activity. We set out to re-inspect their temporal behaviour over the course of the last two Schwabe cycles. For this, we use Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) p-mode parameter tables. We analyse the energy supply rates for modes of harmonic degrees l = 0–150 and average over the azimuthal orders and, subsequently, over modes in different parameter ranges. This averaging greatly helps in reducing the noise in the data. We find that energy supply rates are anticorrelated with the level of solar activity, for which we use the F10.7 index as a proxy. Modes of different mode frequency and harmonic degrees show varying strengths of anticorrelation with the F10.7 index, reaching as low as r = −0.82 for low frequency modes with l = 101–150. In this first dedicated study of solar p-mode energy supply rates in GONG data, we find that they do indeed vary through the solar cycle. Earlier investigations with data from other instruments were hindered by being limited to low harmonic degrees or by the data sets being too short. We provide tables of time-averaged energy supply rates for individual modes as well as for averages over disjunct frequency bins.