bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Social Norm-based Intervention with Observable Behaviour on Physical Activity among Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: LEE Jia Jia , NADKARNI Nivedita Vikas , TEO Irene , OZDEMIR Semra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The rising prevalence of childhood obesity in developing and developed countries poses a major public health challenge to policy makers and an effective strategy to promote physical activity among adolescents is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of providing descriptive norms messages with personal identification in promoting physical activity among adolescents by measuring step counts via a randomized controlled trial (NCT03081013).

Methods
A total of 311 participants aged 13–16 were randomized into two study arms (Onymous and Anonymous Arms). Each arm consisted of 13 groups of 12 participants. During the trial, participants received weekly short message service (SMS) about their past week’s physical activity performance. Participants in the Anonymous Arm received information about step counts of group members ranked from highest to lowest. Participants in the Onymous Arm received the same information with the group members’ full names. Participants’ quality of life, depression, physical activity social support, self-efficacy and enjoyment before and after the intervention were also evaluated. This study adheres to the CONSORT guidelines.

Results
The number of steps was not higher when descriptive norm message was onymous compared to when it was anonymous. Scores in quality of life, depression, social support, self-efficacy, and enjoyment of physical activity were not significantly different between both arms (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that the effect of providing descriptive norms messages containing personal identification on physical activity promotion was not evident in the main analysis. Future studies may consider using a more relevant reference group to use social norms as a tool to increase physical activity among adolescents.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT03081013. Registered 15 Mar 2017-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03081013
A deep analysis using panel-based next-generation sequencing in an Ecuadorian pediatric patient with anaplastic astrocytoma: a case report
Authors: García-Cárdenas Jennyfer M. , Zambrano Ana Karina , Guevara-Ramírez Patricia , Guerrero Santiago , Runruil Gabriel , López-Cortés Andrés , Torres-Yaguana Jorge P. , Armendáriz-Castillo Isaac , Pérez-Villa Andy , Yumiceba Verónica , Leone Paola E. , Paz-y-Miño César 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic astrocytoma is a rare disorder in children from 10 to 14 years of age, with an estimated 0.38 new cases per 100,000 people per year worldwide. Panel-based next-generation sequencing opens new possibilities for diagnosis and therapy of rare diseases such as this one. Because it has never been genetically studied in the Ecuadorian population, we chose to genetically characterize an Ecuadorian pediatric patient with anaplastic astrocytoma for the first time. Doing so allows us to provide new insights into anaplastic astrocytoma diagnosis and treatment.Case presentationOur patient was a 13-year-old Mestizo girl with an extensive family history of cancer who was diagnosed with anaplastic astrocytoma. According to ClinVar, SIFT, and PolyPhen, the patient harbored 354 genomic alterations in 100 genes. These variants were mostly implicated in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair. The top five most altered genes wereFANCD2,NF1,FANCA,FANCI, andWRN.Even thoughTP53presented only five mutations, the rs11540652 single-nucleotide polymorphism classified as pathogenic was found in the patient and her relatives; interestingly, several reports have related it to Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Furthermore,in silicoanalysis using the Open Targets Platform revealed two clinical trials for pediatric anaplastic astrocytoma (studying cabozantinib, ribociclib, and everolimus) and 118 drugs that target the patient’s variants, but the studies were not designed specifically to treat pediatric anaplastic astrocytoma.ConclusionsNext-generation sequencing allows genomic characterization of rare diseases; for instance, this study unraveled a pathogenic single-nucleotide polymorphism related to Li-Fraumeni syndrome and identified possible new drugs that specifically target the patient’s variants. Molecular tools should be implemented in routine clinical practice for early detection and effective preemptive intervention delivery and treatment.
Sex differences in brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Voskuhl Rhonda R. , Patel Kevin , Paul Friedemann , Gold Stefan M. , Scheel Michael , Kuchling Joseph , Cooper Graham , Asseyer Susanna , Chien Claudia , Brandt Alexander U. , Meyer Cassandra Eve , MacKenzie-Graham Allan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWomen are more susceptible to multiple sclerosis (MS) than men by a ratio of approximately 3:1. However, being male is a risk factor for worse disability progression. Inflammatory genes have been linked to susceptibility, while neurodegeneration underlies disability progression. Thus, there appears to be a differential effect of sex on inflammation versus neurodegeneration. Further, gray matter (GM) atrophy is not uniform across the brain in MS, but instead shows regional variation. Here, we study sex differences in neurodegeneration by comparing regional GM atrophy in a cohort of men and women with MS versus their respective age- and sex-matched healthy controls.MethodsVoxel-based morphometry (VBM), deep GM substructure volumetry, and cortical thinning were used to examine regional GM atrophy.ResultsVBM analysis showed deep GM atrophy in the thalamic area in both men and women with MS, whereas men had additional atrophy in the putamen as well as in localized cortical regions. Volumetry confirmed deep GM loss, while localized cortical thinning confirmed GM loss in the cerebral cortex. Further, MS males exhibited worse performance on the 9-hole peg test (9HPT) than MS females. We observed a strong correlation between thalamic volume and 9HPT performance in MS males, but not in MS females.ConclusionMore regional GM atrophy was observed in men with MS than women with MS, consistent with previous observations that male sex is a risk factor for worse disease progression.
An increasing variables singular system of fractional q-differential equations via numerical calculations
Authors: Samei Mohammad Esmael , Baleanu Dumitru , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the existence of solutions for an increasing variables singular m-dimensional system of fractional q-differential equations on a time scale. In this singular system, the first equation has two variables and the number of variables increases permanently. By using some fixed point results, we study the singular system under some different conditions. Also, we provide two examples involving practical algorithms, numerical tables, and some figures to illustrate our main results.
An inertial based forward–backward algorithm for monotone inclusion problems and split mixed equilibrium problems in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Arfat Yasir , Kumam Poom , Ngiamsunthorn Parinya Sa , Khan Muhammad Aqeel Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIterative algorithms are widely applied to solve convex optimization problems under a suitable set of constraints. In this paper, we develop an iterative algorithm whose architecture comprises a modified version of the forward-backward splitting algorithm and the hybrid shrinking projection algorithm. We provide theoretical results concerning weak and strong convergence of the proposed algorithm towards a common solution of the monotone inclusion problem and the split mixed equilibrium problem in Hilbert spaces. Moreover, numerical experiments compare favorably the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with the existing algorithms. As a consequence, our results improve various existing results in the current literature.
Consolidating RRI and Open Science: understanding the potential for transformative change
Authors: Shelley-Egan Clare , Gjefsen Mads Dahl , Nydal Rune 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn European research and innovation policy, Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and Open Science (OS) encompass two co-existing sets of ambitions concerning systemic change in the practice of research and innovation. This paper is an exploratory attempt to uncover synergies and differences between RRI and OS, by interrogating what motivates their respective transformative agendas. We offer two storylines that account for the specific contexts and dynamics from which RRI and OS have emerged, which in turn offer entrance points to further unpacking what ‘opening up’ to society means with respect to the transformative change agendas that are implicit in the two agendas. We compare differences regarding the ‘how’ of opening up in light of the ‘why’ to explore common areas of emphasis in both OS and RRI. We argue that while both agendas align with mission-oriented narratives around grand societal challenges, OS tends to emphasize efficiency and technical optimisation over RRI’s emphasis on normative concerns and democracy deficits, and that the two agendas thus contrast in their relative legitimate emphasis ondoableoutcomes versusdesirableoutcomes. In our conclusion, we reflect on the future outlook for RRI and OS’ co-existence and uptake, and on what their respective ambitions for transformation might mean for science-society scholars and scholarship.
1-year impact of supervision, performance assessment, and recognition strategy (SPARS) on prescribing and dispensing quality in Ugandan health facilities
Authors: Trap Birna , Sembatya Moses N. , Imi Monica , Seru Morries , Wagner Anita K. , Ross-Degnan Dennis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To strengthen appropriate medicine use (AMU) including the prescribing and dispensing quality at public sector health facilities in Uganda, the Ministry of Health introduced a multipronged approach known as the Supervision, Performance Assessment, and Recognition Strategy (SPARS). This paper assesses the impact of the first year of SPARS implementation on key AMU indicators.

Methods
District-based health workers trained as supervisors provide in-service training in medicines management complemented by indicator-based performance assessment and targeted supervision during each SPARS facility visit. From 2010 to 2013, health facilities that started the SPARS intervention were assessed during the first and last visit during a period of 12 months of implementing SPARS. This study examines 12 AMU indicators with 57 individual outcomes covering prescribing and dispensing quality. We also explored factors influencing 1-year improvement.

Results
We found an overall increase in AMU indicators of 17 percentage points (p < 0.000) between the first and last visit during a period of 12 months of supervisions, which was significant in all levels of health care facilities and in both government and private not-for-profit faith-based sectors. Appropriate dispensing (25 percentage points, p < 0.005) improved more than appropriate prescribing (12 percentage points, p = 0.13). Specific facilities that reached an average score of over 75% across all AMU measures within the first year of supervision improved from 3 to 41% from the first visit (baseline). The greatest overall impact on AMU occurred in lower-level facilities; the level of improvement varied widely across indicators, with the greatest improvements seen for the lowest baseline measures. Supervision frequency had a significant impact on level of improvement in the first year, and private not-for-profit faith-based health facilities had notably higher increases in several dispensing and prescribing indicator scores than public sector facilities.

Conclusions
The multipronged SPARS approach was effective in building appropriate medicine use capacity, with statistically significant improvements in AMU overall and almost all prescribing and dispensing quality measures after 12 months of supervision. We recommend broad dissemination of the SPARS approach as an effective strategy to strengthen appropriate medicine use in low-income countries.
Removal of an endobronchial lipoma via uniportal thoracoscopic right basal segmentectomy
Authors: Yazawa Tomohiro , Igai Hitoshi , Matsuura Natsumi , Ohsawa Fumi , Kamiyoshihara Mitsuhiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Endobronchial lipoma is a rare benign tumor. The standard treatment is bronchoscopic intervention or surgical resection. Here, we present a case of endobronchial lipoma treated by right basal segmentectomy via a uniportal thoracoscopic approach.

Case presentation
A 66-year-old female presented with a persistent cough and recurring high-grade fever 4 months in duration. Chest X-ray revealed an abnormal infiltration shadow in the right lower lung field. Chest computed tomography revealed a tumor that occluded the lateral segmental bronchus of the right lower lobe. Surgical resection was planned because we failed to diagnose the tumor via bronchoscopic biopsy. Finally, uniportal, thoracoscopic right basal segmentectomy, which is less invasive than lobectomy and allows preservation of the apical segment of the lower lobe, was successfully performed. The pathological diagnosis was of endobronchial lipoma. The cough and recurrent pneumonia improved after surgery.

Conclusions
Segmentectomy via a uniportal thoracoscopic approach could be a novel treatment option for endobronchial lipoma.
The effects of amino acid/protein supplementation in hemodialysis patients: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Matsuzawa Ryota , Yamamoto Shohei , Suzuki Yuta , Abe Yoshifumi , Harada Manae , Shimoda Takahiro , Imamura Keigo , Yamabe Sachi , Ito Haruka , Yoshikoshi Shun , Matsunaga Atsuhiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiple factors including older age, comorbidities, inflammation, metabolic acidosis, dialysis-related hypercatabolism and anabolic resistance of skeletal muscle, extraction of circulating amino acids through hemodialysis and inadequate dietary protein intake due to anorexia, and strictly limited dietary phosphorus intake are likely to contribute to the high prevalence of malnutrition and metabolic abnormalities, more aptly called protein-energy wasting, in patients on hemodialysis. The consensus from the International Society of Renal Nutritional and Metabolism states that nutritional supplementation is effective for replenishing protein and energy stores. Although we hypothesize that amino acid/protein supplementation can overcome the anabolic resistance of skeletal muscle tissue and attenuate or even prevent the accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength through nutritional status improvement in patients on hemodialysis, whether amino acid and/or protein administration is associated with improvements in these outcomes is unknown. The main objective of this study is to systematically review the impact of amino acid/protein supplementation on skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, physical function, and quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients requiring hemodialysis.

Methods
Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of amino acid/protein supplementation in hemodialysis patients with respect to body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical function, and quality of life will be included. The bibliographic databases include MEDLINE, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase. The risk of bias of the included RCTs will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome will be skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function, and the secondary outcome will be quality of life. This review protocol is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) 2015 checklist.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required because this study does not include confidential personal data or involve patient interventions. This review is expected to inform readers on the effect of amino acid/protein supplementation in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The findings will be presented at conferences and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Trial registration
The trial registration number is (CRD42020181087), and the trial was registered on 5 July 2020.
Development and evaluation of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of strawberry red stele pathogen
Authors: Munawar Mustafa Ahmad , Toljamo Anna , Martin Frank , Oksanen Elina , Kokko Harri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhytophthora fragariae causes drastic damage in strawberry crops. P. fragariae infects strawberry roots and causes red stele root rot. Although P. fragariae is a quarantine organism, its spread in Finland continues as more and more fields contract the disease. The spread can be halted through developing rapid and reliable detection assays. We have developed a rapid recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for P. fragariae targeting the Phytophthora mitochondrial DNA intergenic atp9-nad9 marker. The assay is DNA-extraction free and capable of detecting as low as 10 fg of P. fragariae genomic DNA. We found the assay reliable for diagnosing field plants when samples are adequately collected. We also applied the RPA assay to the detection of the pathogen in the soil through coupling the assay with baiting with the host plant. The results suggest that if only a small number of samples are analysed, the baiting results will not be reliable.
Precision community: a mixed methods study to identify determinants of adoption and implementation of targeted cancer therapy in community oncology
Authors: Ball Jenna , Thompson Jeffrey , Wulff-Burchfield Elizabeth , Ellerbeck Edward , Kimminau Kim , Brooks Joanna Veazey , Petersen Shariska , Rotich Duncan , Kinney Anita Y. , Ellis Shellie D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrecision medicine has enormous potential to improve cancer outcomes. Over one third of the 1.5 million Americans diagnosed with cancer each year have genetic mutations that could be targeted with an FDA-approved drug to treat their disease more effectively. However, the current uptake of targeted cancer therapy in clinical practice is suboptimal. Tumor testing is not widely used, and treatments based on molecular and genomic profiling are often not prescribed when indicated. Challenges with the uptake of precision medicine may disproportionately impact cancer patients in rural communities and other underserved populations. The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of adoption and implementation of precision cancer therapy to design an implementation strategy for community oncology practices, including those in rural areas.MethodsThis study is an explanatory sequential mixed methods study to identify factors associated with the use of targeted cancer therapy. Levels of targeted therapy use will be ascertained by secondary analysis of medical records to identify concordance with 18 national guideline recommendations for use of precision medicine in the treatment of breast, colorectal, lung, and melanoma skin cancer. Concurrently, facilitators and barriers associated with the use of precision cancer therapy will be elicited from interviews with up to a total of 40 oncologists, administrators, pathology, and pharmacy staff across the participating sites. Qualitative analysis will be a template analysis based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Quantitative data aggregated at the practice level will be used to rank oncology practices’ adherence to targeted cancer therapy guidelines. Determinants will be compared among high and low users to isolate factors likely to facilitate targeted therapy use. The study will be conducted in eight community oncology practices, with an estimated 4121 targeted therapy treatment decision-making opportunities over a 3-year period.DiscussionDespite unprecedented investment in precision medicine, translation into practice is suboptimal. Our study will identify factors associated with the uptake of precision medicine in community settings. These findings will inform future interventions to increase equitable uptake of evidence-based targeted cancer treatment.
Gonadotropin Glycoforms Circulating in Women Using Progestins of the Levonorgestrel Family for Contraception
Authors: Eriksson Karin , Wide Leif 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
The progestins of the levonorgestrel family are 13-ethylgonane progestins, commonly used for contraception in women. One contraceptive effect of these progestins is inhibition of ovulation, which may be a result of changes in gonadotropin glycosylation patterns. Gonadotropin glycoforms differ in number of glycans and bioactivity: more bioactive low-N-glycosylated glycoforms, diglycosylated luteinizing hormone (LHdi) and triglycosylated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHtri), and less bioactive fully N-glycosylated glycoforms, LHtri and FSHtetra.

Objective
Characterize the glycosylation patterns on the circulating gonadotropin glycoforms in women using 13-ethylgonane progestins for contraception.

Design, Subjects, Main Outcome Measures
Serum samples, collected from 92 healthy women using 13-ethylgonane progestins for contraception, were included. Forty women used progestin-only continuously and 52 used progestins combined with ethinylestradiol (EE) for 3 weeks followed by a hormone-free week. Concentration, sulfonation, and sialylation of each glycoform were determined and compared with follicular phase values of normal menstrual cycles.

Results
The progestin-only group had significantly increased serum levels, decreased sulfonation, and increased sialylation of LHdi. The LHdi/FSHtri ratio was increased. The progestin+EE group had significantly decreased gonadotropin glycoform concentrations and decreased sialylation of FSHtri. The progestin+EE effect on sialylation of FSHtri occurred later during the treatment cycle in contrast to the effect on FSHtri concentration.

Conclusions
The 2 different progestin treatments induced different effects on the glycan synthesis and concentrations of more bioactive low-glycosylated gonadotropins. Progestin-only treatment increased sialylation and decreased sulfonation of LHdi molecules, contributing to sustained higher levels of bioactive LHdi molecules. Progestin+EE treatment decreased sialylation of FSHtri, contributing to a shorter half-life and decreased levels of bioactive FSHtri.
Class Struggle and Culture Wars in the Springtime of the French Revolution, Year II (1794)
Authors: Wahnich Sophie , Dunlop Alexander , Schafer Sylvia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the spring of Year II (1794), the future of French society was uncertain. This article looks at the response to the uncertainty of three members of the Committee on Public Safety, who discussed the need to choose between a revolutionary political community and civil war, even as they disagreed about what form the future republic should take.