bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the characteristics and mechanisms underlying suicide clusters in Australian youth: a comparison of cluster detection methods
Authors: Hill N.T.M. , Too L.S. , Spittal M.J. , Robinson J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
There is currently no gold-standard definition or method for identifying suicide clusters, resulting in considerable heterogeneity in the types of suicide clusters that are detected. This study sought to identify the characteristics, mechanisms and parameters of suicide clusters using three cluster detection methods. Specifically, the study aimed to: (1) determine the overlap in suicide clusters among each method, (2) compare the spatial and temporal parameters associated with different suicide clusters and (3) identify the demographic characteristics and rates of exposure to suicide among cluster and non-cluster members.

Methods
Suicide data were obtained from the National Coronial Information System. N = 3027 Australians, aged 10–24 who died by suicide in 2006–2015 were included. Suicide clusters were determined using: (1) poisson scan statistics, (2) a systematic search of coronial inquests and (3) descriptive network analysis. These methods were chosen to operationalise three different definitions of suicide clusters, namely clusters that are: (1) statistically significant, (2) perceived to be significant and (3) characterised by social links among three or more suicide descendants. For each method, the demographic characteristics and rates of exposure to suicide were identified, in addition to the maximum duration of suicide clusters, the geospatial overlap between suicide clusters, and the overlap of individual cluster members.

Results
Eight suicide clusters (69 suicides) were identified from the scan statistic, seven (40 suicides) from coronial inquests; and 11 (37 suicides) from the descriptive network analysis. Of the eight clusters detected using the scan statistic, two overlapped with clusters detected using the descriptive network analysis and one with clusters identified from coronial inquests. Of the seven clusters from coronial inquests, four overlapped with clusters from the descriptive network analysis and one with clusters from the scan statistic. Overall, 9.2% (12 suicides) of individuals were identified by more than one method. Prior exposure to suicide was 10.1% (N = 7) in clusters from the scan statistic, 32.5% (N = 13) in clusters from coronial inquest and 56.8% (N = 21) in clusters from the descriptive network analysis.

Conclusion
Each method identified markedly different suicide clusters. Evidence of social links between cluster members typically involved clusters detected using the descriptive network analysis. However, these data were limited to the availability information collected as part of the police and coroner investigation. Communities tasked with detecting and responding to suicide clusters may benefit from using the spatial and temporal parameters revealed in descriptive studies to inform analyses of suicide clusters using inferential methods.
Mangrove‐Derived Organic and Inorganic Carbon Exchanges Between the Sinnamary Estuarine System (French Guiana, South America) and Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Ray Raghab , Thouzeau Gérard , Walcker Romain , Vantrepotte Vincent , Gleixner Gerd , Morvan Sylvain , Devesa Jeremy , Michaud Emma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is growing evidence that a substantial fraction of the dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) can be exported from mangroves to the ocean. Yet our understanding of C fluxes in mangrove forests is limited to only few regional studies that exclude the world's longest sediment dispersal system connected to the Amazon River. The present study aims at (1) examining tidal fluctuations of DOC, POC, and DIC; their isotopes; and optical properties such as chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and (2) estimating their exchange fluxes between the mangroves and adjacent coastal water in the Sinnamary estuary, French Guiana. Time series observation highlighted that physical processes coupled to tides controlled diel dynamics and sources of DOC (e.g., litter leaching and pore water seepage) and POC (microphytobenthos, sediment resuspension, and bioturbation activities). Intense benthic remineralization could account for high water column pCO2 and DIC exchange flux during the low tide. Mangrove‐derived DOC export to inner shelf (8.14 g C m−2 day−1) was exceeding import of POC and DIC from the mud bank and marine sources to the mangroves (1.35 and 0.90 g C m−2 day−1, respectively). Because of specific dynamics of the Amazon mobile muds, local geomorphology, water column stratification, and environmental forcing, Guianese mangroves cannot be seen as simple C exporters to the Atlantic waters. These first data setting on C fluxes for the region should be included along with other studies to improve global mangrove C budget estimate.
Gaze behaviour to lateral face stimuli in infants who do and do not receive an ASD diagnosis
Authors: Donati Georgina , Davis Rachael , Forrester Gillian S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCerebral lateralisation of function is a common characteristic across vertebrate species and is positively associated with fitness of the organism, in humans we hypothesise that it is associated with cognitive fitness. This investigation evaluated the early development of lateralised gaze behaviour for face stimuli in infants at high and low risk for autism from the British Autism Sibling Infant Study (BASIS). The BASIS cohort includes a low risk group and three high-risk groups who at age 3 were developing (i) typically, (ii) atypically or (iii) had received a diagnosis for ASD. Using eye-tracking data derived from a face pop-out task at 6 and 14 months of age, all non-ASD groups showed a bias for stimuli on the left at both timepoints. At 6 months the ASD group demonstrated a preference for stimuli on the right and were slower than their neurotypical counterparts to look at faces on the left. However, by 14 months these differences disappear. Longitudinal associations between lateral looking behaviour at 6 months and language and motor ability at 14 months were also found. Results suggest that infants who go on to be diagnosed with autism exhibit early differences in gaze behaviour that may be associated with subsequent cognitive outcomes.
Influence of residual fat signal on diffusion kurtosis MRI of suspicious mammography findings
Authors: Mlynarska-Bujny Anna , Bickelhaupt Sebastian , Laun Frederik Bernd , König Franziska , Lederer Wolfgang , Daniel Heidi , Ladd Mark Edward , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Delorme Stefan , Kuder Tristan Anselm 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent studies showed the potential of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) as a tool for improved classification of suspicious breast lesions. However, in diffusion-weighted imaging of the female breast, sufficient fat suppression is one of the main factors determining the success. In this study, the data of 198 patients examined in two study centres was analysed using standard diffusion and kurtosis evaluation methods and three DKI fitting approaches accounting phenomenologically for fat-related signal contamination of the lesions. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) for the method including fat correction terms (AUC = 0.85, p < 0.015) in comparison to the values obtained with the standard diffusion (AUC = 0.77) and kurtosis approach (AUC = 0.79). Comparing the two study centres, the AUC value improved from 0.77 to 0.86 (p = 0.036) using a fat correction term for the first centre, while no significant difference with no adverse effects was observed for the second centre (AUC 0.89 vs. 0.90, p = 0.95). Contamination of the signal in breast lesions with unsuppressed fat causing a reduction of diagnostic performance of diffusion kurtosis imaging may potentially be counteracted by proposed adapted evaluation methods.
Levodopa inhibits the development of lens-induced myopia in chicks
Authors: Thomson Kate , Morgan Ian , Karouta Cindy , Ashby Regan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnimal models have demonstrated a link between dysregulation of the retinal dopamine system and the development of myopia (short-sightedness). We have previously demonstrated that topical application of levodopa in chicks can inhibit the development of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in a dose-dependent manner. Here, we examine whether this same protection is observed in lens-induced myopia (LIM), and whether levodopa’s protection against FDM and LIM occurs through a dopamine D1- or D2-like receptor mechanism. To do this, levodopa was first administered daily as an intravitreal injection or topical eye drop, at one of four ascending doses, to chicks developing LIM. Levodopa’s mechanism of action was then examined by co-administration of levodopa injections with D1-like (SCH-23390) or D2-like (spiperone) dopamine antagonists in chicks developing FDM or LIM. For both experiments, levodopa’s effectiveness was examined by measuring axial length and refraction after 4 days of treatment. Levodopa inhibited the development of LIM in a dose-dependent manner similar to its inhibition of FDM when administered via intravitreal injections or topical eye drops. In both FDM and LIM, levodopa injections remained protective against myopia when co-administered with SCH-23390, but not spiperone, indicating that levodopa elicits its protection through a dopamine D2-like receptor mechanism in both paradigms.
Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment—A Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Other Pediatric Motor Speech Disorders
Authors: McCabe Patricia , Thomas Donna Claire , Murray Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a speech disorder that many generalist speech-language pathologists feel underqualified to treat. For children with CAS, this may result in ad hoc interventions resulting in slower progress. Research evidence for various CAS treatments is primarily limited to single-case experimental design studies; however, two treatments (Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment [ReST] and the Nuffield Dyspraxia Programme, Third Edition) have been compared in a single randomized controlled trial.

Conclusion
This tutorial describes one of those treatments: ReST which was designed to address the three consensus core features of CAS simultaneously: consistency and accuracy of sounds, sequencing, and prosody. The treatment uses nonwords to help children build and store accurate motor plans and programs using principles of motor learning. Treatment data are described, and commonly reported clinical issues are discussed. Recommendations for which children may be suitable for ReST and for evidence-based practice are described.
Brain circuits signaling the absence of emotion in body language
Authors: Sokolov Arseny A. , Zeidman Peter , Erb Michael , Pollick Frank E. , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Ryvlin Philippe , Friston Karl J. , Pavlova Marina A. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
How do we infer absence of emotion? As opposed to the brain mechanisms for recognizing emotions, this issue has remained underinvestigated. Present findings bond communication between the amygdala and insula with the ability to infer the absence of emotion in body language. Previously, both the amygdala and insula have been associated with emotion perception. The outcome of this study extends the conceptualization of these brain regions and their interplay to the processing of social signals without emotional content. This may have wide-ranging implications for better understanding neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by misinterpretation of neutral for emotional signals, such as depression or schizophrenia. The findings call for interdisciplinary research on how the brain infers the lack of emotional valence in social signals.
Neological cancer metaphors in the Chinese cyberspace
Authors: Lang Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines emerging cancer metaphors that are encoded as a neological construction [X-ái‘cancer’] using corpus data retrieved from Chinese social media. The quantitative findings show that [X-ái] is a highly productive construction where the open slot X attracts a wide variety of lexical items. The qualitative findings are twofold. First, the central meaning of this construction is to express subjective feelings such as self-mockery (e.g., laziness cancer) and contempt for other people’s behaviors in gender discourse (e.g.. straight man cancer). Second, the development of this construction is caused by the exemplar-based cognitive mechanism through social labeling practices. I argue that this neological language use is employed to convey collective emotions in gender discourse and that it indexes a group style, either playful and humorous or contemptuous and disparaging, both of which construct language user identity and sociocultural ideology in the Chinese cyberspace. This study has implications for research on neological metaphors and for language use in digital culture in general.
Neural network module for tuning an atomic force microscope in the study of photonic crystal films
Authors: Panfilova E V , Ibragimov A R , Mozer K V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article describes the use of neural network algorithms for setting the modes of investigation of photonic crystal films by tapping mode of atomic force microscopy. The photonic crystal thin films and monolayers obtained from colloidal suspensions by methods of sedimentation, centrifugation, vertical deposition, electrophoresis, and Langmuir-Blodgett are studied in this work. Study of films growth kinetics revealed that many factors were critical for reproducible deposition of the structure. To obtain high-quality images of samples, it is very important to get rid of artifacts and correctly configure the scanning parameters. To solve these problems it was proposed to use neural network algorithms. They allow to choose individual settings for each sample. We got acceptable results using a multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer.
Blister-based laser-induced forward transfer of 1D and 2D carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Dezhkina M.A. , Komlenok M.S. , Pivovarov P.A. , Rybin M.G. , Arutyunyan N.R. , Popovich A.F. , Obraztsova E.D. , Konov V.I. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The possibility of laser printing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene via blister-based laser-induced forward transfer technique is demonstrated. Laser radiation with optimized fluence, that is absorbed in a thin aluminium film, causes its local evaporation and blistering without rupture, which leads to the ejection of carbon nanomaterial from the donor to the receiving substrate. The use of preliminary cutting of the donor layer into square pixels allows printing SWCNTs while maintaining their shape. Raman analysis indicates the transfer of carbon nanomaterials without significant degradation.
Generation of sub cycle terahertz pulses via coherent control of nonlinear medium by femtosecond pulses
Authors: Arkhipov R M , Arkhipov M V , Pakhomov A V , Babushkin I , Demircan A , Morgner U , Rosanov N N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we revise our recent advances in study of high-efficient methods of sub cycle THz pulse generation and control of their wave shape. These methods are based on coherent control of low frequency oscillations in nonlinear medium excited by infrared femtosecond pulses. Our results showed the possibility of sub – and few-cycle pulse formation of controllable wave shapes: half-cycle, rectangular and triangular and single-cycle ones in THz, XUV and optical ranges.
In vitro investigation of laser-induced microgrooves on titanium surface
Authors: Veiko V P , Karlagina Yu Yu , Egorova E E , Zernitskaya E A , Kuznetsova D S , Elagin V V , Zagaynova E V , Odintsova G V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We developed a surface design that imitates the osteon structure of human bone tissue to improve the bio-integration of a titanium implants. Two types of subcellular-sized microgrooves were formed on VT6 (analogue 6Al-4V) titanium surface by laser processing: closed and open microgrooves. An in vitro study of the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the formed structures was carried out, osteogenic differentiation was studied.
Choosing the optimal parameters of reconstruction for the shape sensor based on multicore spun optical fiber
Authors: Bronnikov K A , Wolf A A , Dostovalov A V , Babin S A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Multicore optical fibers are widely used for developing compact shape sensors for various applications. The accuracy of such sensors strongly depends on the resolution of the measured data. In this paper, we analyze the influence of the number of sensing points on the error and mean time of reconstruction of the multicore fiber shape. A criterion on the choice of this parameter is given considering the impact on the performance.
Blueshifts of high-order harmonic generation in crystalline silicon subjected to intense femtosecond near-infrared laser pulse
Authors: Obreshkov Boyan , Apostolova Tzveta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present the generation of high order harmonics in crystalline silicon subjected to intense near-infrared 30fs laser pulses. The harmonic spectrum extends from the near infrared to the extreme ultraviolet spectral region. Depending on the pulsed laser intensity, we distinguish two regimes of harmonic generation: (i) perturbative regime: electron-hole pairs born during each half-cycle of the laser pulse via multiphoton and tunnel transitions are accelerated in the laser electric field and gain kinetic energy; the electron-hole pairs then recombine in the ground state by emitting a single high-energy photon. The resultant high harmonic spectrum consists of sharp peaks at odd harmonic orders. (ii) non-perturbative regime: the intensity of the harmonics increases, their spectral width broadens and the position of harmonics shifts to shorter wavelengths. The blueshifts of high harmonics in silicon are independent on the harmonic order which may be helpful in the design of continuously tunable XUV sources.
Study of the functioning time of aluminosilicates for the formation of hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Barón G C , Montaño A M , González C P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The modification of surfaces for the creation of hydrophobic materials has grown in recent years due to the wettability properties that can be obtained, in this process the chemical environment of the surface is modified. In the case of aluminosilicates, surfaces are generally considered polar, so it is of great interest to create hydrophobic surfaces through the functionalization process, obtaining low wettability; hydrophobicity is determined when a surface comes in contact with a drop of an organic component and contact angles greater than 90 ° are obtained. The present work describes the results of the study of the contact time between aluminosilicate surfaces and a siloxane as a functionalizing agent, to determine the optimal time in which hydrophobic surfaces are obtained. The results show that after 3 hours of contact between the surface and the functionalizing agent, a surface with a contact angle of 106° is generated, due to the heterogeneous surface of the functionalizing agent that is generated in the aluminosilicate because of the polymerization reaction.
Geopolymer derived from bentonite: Structural characterization and evaluation as a potential sorbent of ammonium in waters
Authors: Jaimes J E , Montaño A M , González C P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, a Colombian sodium bentonite geopolymer, montmorillonite type, activated with commercial sodium silicate, was synthesized for its later use as sorbent material of ammonium cations in leached waters from soils treated with PINAL, an ammonia-based herbicide of glufosinate used to eradicate the use of illicit crops. The raw material and geopolymer obtained are characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy technique, to determine the structural difference between the bonds created during the geopolymerization process, as well as to know the transformation of the crystalline phases of the material. Through this analysis and study of dispersion spectroscopy, it was possible to establish the effect of the eliminated ammonium cation on the structure of the geopolymeric material and propose a sorption mechanism, in addition, an improvement in the removal capacity of these ions from the geopolymeric material was observed.
Evaluation of the rheological properties in solution and molten state of hyperbranched polyester polyols obtained of first and second generation
Authors: Murillo E A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe hyperbranched polyesters have gain great attention since these materials have smallest hydrodynamic dimensions, high functionality, good solubility and they may be modified for obtaining compounds for specific applications. There are few reports about the rheological properties on the solution and molten state of the hyperbranched polyesters polyols obtained of the first and second generation, especially those prepared from dimethyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the rheological properties in solution and molten state of these materials. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic dimensions by dynamic light scattering by using dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide as solvents also were analyzed. The hydrodynamic dimensions on volume of the hyperbranched polyesters polyols obtained of second generation by using dimethyl formamide as solvent were greater than those of first generation, but the behavior was different when was used dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. Furthermore, these materials exhibited aggregations. The rheological behavior in solution showed that all samples exhibited lowest viscosity and a Newtonian region between 1 and 60 s−1, then this behavior changed to shear thickening. By rheological analysis in molten state was evidenced a shear-thinning behavior to these materials.
Simulating hydrodynamics in a Rushton turbine at different stirring velocities applied to non-Newtonian fluids
Authors: Gelves G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, gas-liquid hydrodynamics of a Rushton turbine was studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Different stirring conditions commonly used in fungal culture applications are simulated. Several scenarios are predicted related to gas-liquid mass transfer limitation. The above, reflected by low air dispersion reached and bubble size determinations caused by the non-Newtonian rheology, leading the process to obtain kLa values only in the order of 30 h−1 at high, stirring speeds. However, the high-power consumption in fungal culture in agitated tank bioreactors can be disadvantages in large-scale prototypes applied in non-Newtonian fluids. These Findings shown in this research should be considered as a primary criterion for optimizing mass transfer problems in large scale fungal culture applications.
Mathematical model of physical process of heat transfer in liquid crystal
Authors: Nolasco C , Velascos Burgos B M , Cadena Morales J J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The process of heat transfer by conduction is relevant in different context of engineering and sciences. An example of this situation is confirmed by the study of the thermal properties of liquid crystal sheets to measure the effects of heat transfer on metal surfaces. The aim of this work is to establish a mathematical model by numerical methods to determine the physical process of heat transfer in liquid crystal. For the data acquisition, an experiment that measures thermal properties on an aluminum plate was designed. We proceed to propose a mathematical model that uses the Laplace equation. Also, we proceed to calculate the solution of the equation by the finite difference method and then make a comparison with the analytical solution and the experimental data.