bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Vitamin D is associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis in Women with HIV
Authors: Cheru Lediya T , Saylor Charles F , Fitch Kathleen V , Looby Sara E , Lu Michael , Hoffmann Udo , Stanley Takara L , Lo Janet 
Published: November 2019

Background Vitamin D deficiency is underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially among people living with HIV (PLWH). Recently, there has been an increased interest in the role of vitamin D in cardiovascular disease (CVD). While vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CVD in observational studies in the general population, there are limited data in PLWH. We therefore performed an analysis to assess the relationship of vitamin D and coronary atherosclerosis using coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Methods Women living with HIV (WLWH) without known CVD were included. Based on the median value of serum vitamin D levels, participants were dichotomized to either the <25 ng/ml (lower vitamin D group) or ≥25 ng/ml (higher vitamin D group). CCTA was used to assess plaque characteristics. Results Forty-three WLWH were included in the analyses (mean age 46 ±8 years, 56% African American, duration of HIV 15 ±6 years, 83% undetectable HIV viral load). WLWH in the lower vitamin D group ( n=22) had significantly higher numbers of segments with any coronary plaque (2.27 ±3.01 versus 0.38 ±0.97; P=0.02) and segments with non-calcified coronary plaque (1.41 ±1.82 versus 0.29 ±0.64; P=0.03) compared with WLWH in the higher vitamin D group ( n=21). After adjusting for Framingham CHD risk point score, body mass index, diabetes and race, the relationship remained significant. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a significant, independent relationship between lower vitamin D status and higher numbers of noncalcified coronary plaque segments in WLWH. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on CVD in PLWH. Trial Registration Identifier: NCT00455793.
Models of Arthritis Care: A Systems-level Evaluation of Acceptability as a Dimension of Quality of Care
Authors: Carr Eloise C.J. , Ortiz Mia M. , Patel Jatin N. , Barber Claire E.H. , Katz Steven , Robert Jill , Mosher Dianne , Teare Sylvia R. , Miller Jean , Homik Joanne , Dinsmore Kelly , Marshall Deborah A. 
Published: November 2019

Objective.To describe a systems-level baseline evaluation of central intake (CI) and triage systems in arthritis care within Alberta, Canada. The specific objectives were to (1) describe a process for systems evaluation for the provision of arthritis care; (2) report the findings of the evaluation for different clinical sites that provide arthritis care; and (3) identify opportunities for improving appropriate and timely access based on the findings of the evaluation.Methods.The study used a convergent mixed methods design. Surveys and semistructured interviews were the main data collection methods. Participants were recruited through 2 rheumatology clinics and 1 hip and knee clinic providing CI and triage, and included patients, referring physicians, specialists, and clinic staff who experienced CI processes.Results.A total of 237 surveys were completed by patients (n = 169), referring physicians (n = 50), and specialists (n = 18). Interviews (n = 25) with care providers and patients provided insights to the survey data. Over 95% of referring physicians agreed that the current process of CI was satisfactory. Referring physicians and specialists reported issues with the referral process and perceived support in care for wait-listed patients. Patients reported positive experiences with access and navigation of arthritis care services but expressed concerns around communication and receiving minimal support for self-management of their arthritis before and after receiving specialist care.Conclusion.This baseline evaluation of CI and triage for arthritis care indicates satisfaction with the service, but areas that require further consideration are referral completion, timely waiting lists, and further supporting patients to self-manage their arthritis.
La psychologisation de l'intervention sociale : paradoxes et enjeux
Authors: Bresson Maryse 
Published: November 2019

Résumé La psychologisation de l’intervention sociale est, aujourd’hui encore, une expression polémique dans le monde de l’intervention sociale comme parmi les chercheurs en sociologie et en psychologie. Cet article revient sur les liens complexes entre transformations sociétales, individualisation des politiques sociales et psychologisation de l’intervention sociale. Il étudie dans quelle mesure l’accompagnement peut être considéré comme une modalité d’intervention « psychologisée », en mettant en évidence ses paradoxes et ses limites. Et il propose une réflexion sur les impacts des nouvelles formes d’intervention sur les enjeux de gouvernementalité et de mutation du sujet.
Le « chômage-intérim » en début de vie active : quelle socialisation salariale ? Quel accès à l’indépendance ?
Authors: Papinot Christian 
Published: November 2019

Parce qu’il s’écoule désormais sept ans entre l’âge médian de fin d’études et celui de la stabilisation dans l’emploi, l’analyse de ces sas de transition prolongés au début de la vie active est essentielle pour appréhender la question de l’accès à l’autonomie des jeunes aujourd’hui. À partir de l’exemple de l’intérim comme forme emblématique d’« emploi de jeune », cet article analyse la signification de la condition intérimaire en termes de socialisation salariale, de modalités d’intégration professionnelle ou de place au travail. Il questionne la façon dont ces formes de participation en pointillé au marché du travail (forte discontinuité de l’activité professionnelle effective) peuvent contrarier des désirs d’accès à l’indépendance des jeunes.
The Fairground Noise
Authors: Trowell Ian 
Published: November 2019

La foire ambulante est présente dans l’histoire et la culture de nombreuses sociétés. Dans la plupart des cas, il s’agit d’une activité mercantile fondée sur le divertissement, à base de manèges, de jeux et de spectacles. La foire a ceci de spécifique qu’elle est nomade, qu’elle investit des espaces pré-existants, et qu’elle transforme l’environnement et son ambiance en leur conférant une dimension festive et électrisante. Le son joue un rôle central dans le phénomène de la foire : volume, sons inhabituels et cacophonie prennent le pas sur la trame sonore de la vie quotidienne. Dans cet article, je reviens sur l’histoire du son dans l’univers de la foire, puis je m’intéresse aux manières d’en faire la description, me demandant enfin si une telle cacophonie est propre à la foire ou peut se rencontrer ailleurs.
A Pattern Dictionary for Natural Language Processing
Authors: Hanks Patrick , Pustejovsky James 
Published: November 2019

Résumé Cet article passe en revue de façon succincte trois des ressources principales utilisées actuellement pour la désambiguïsation lexicale (WordNet, FrameNet et les classes de Levin), et propose une approche alternative, en prenant comme point de départ les verbes et leurs valences. Cette nouvelle approche ne tente pas de rendre compte de tous les usages possibles d’un mot, mais plutôt de tous ses usages normaux (les ‘normes’). Les patrons normaux d’utilisation des verbes sont dégagés par une méthode que nous appelons Corpus Pattern Analysis (CPA, analyse des patrons basée sur les corpus). A chaque patron se trouve associé un sens (une ‘implication principale’). Les patrons sont ensuite utilisés comme des étalons par rapport auxquels on peut mesurer le sens probable de n’importe quelle phrase. Nous abordons aussi le statut des usages anormaux ou inhabituels (les ‘exploitations’). Nous reconnaissons aussi trois types d’alternance : les alternances syntaxiques liées à la diathèse, les alternances de type sémantique et les alternances lexicales.
Regionally Specific Economic Impact of Screening and Treating Retinopathy of Prematurity in Middle-Income Societies in the Philippines
Authors: Naguib Mina M. , Soares Rebecca R. , Anzures Rachelle , Kamel Joanne , Chandrasekar Eeshwar K. , Rothschild Michael , Fernandes Alcides , Paul Chan R. V. , Olsen Timothy W. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To estimate the economic effects of implementing a universal screening and treatment program for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the Philippines with the Economic Model for Retinopathy of Prematurity (EcROP).

Methods:
The EcROP is a cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and cost-utility analysis. Fifty parents of legally blind individuals (aged 3 to 28 years) from three schools for the blind in the Philippines were interviewed to estimate the societal burden of raising a blind child. A decision tree analytic model, with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, was used to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (primary outcome) and the incremental monetary benefit (secondary outcome) for implementing an optimal national ROP program, compared to estimates of the current policy. Findings were extrapolated to estimate the national economic benefit of an ideal screening and treatment program.

Results:
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for a national program over the current policy was strongly favorable to the ideal program for the Philippines and represents an opportunity for substantial societal cost savings. The per-child incremental, annual monetary benefit of a national program over the current policy was $2,627. Extrapolating to the population of children at risk in 1 year showed that the national annual net benefit estimate would be $64,320,692, which is favorable to the current policy.

Conclusions:
The EcROP demonstrates that implementing a national ROP screening and treatment program is cost-saving and cost-effective, and would substantially decrease childhood blindness in the Philippines.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(6):388–396.]
CD31 Acts as a Checkpoint Molecule and Is Modulated by FcγR-Mediated Signaling in Monocytes
Authors: Merchand-Reyes Giovanna , Robledo-Avila Frank H. , Buteyn Nathaniel J. , Gautam Shalini , Santhanam Ramasamy , Fatehchand Kavin , Mo Xiaokui , Partida-Sanchez Santiago , Butchar Jonathan P. , Tridandapani Susheela 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages express FcγR that engage IgG immune complexes such as Ab-opsonized pathogens or cancer cells to destroy them by various mechanisms, including phagocytosis. FcγR-mediated phagocytosis is regulated by the concerted actions of activating FcγR and inhibitory receptors, such as FcγRIIb and SIRPα. In this study, we report that another ITIM-containing receptor, PECAM1/CD31, regulates FcγR function and is itself regulated by FcγR activation. First, quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry analyses revealed that human monocyte FcγR activation leads to a significant downregulation of CD31 expression, both at the message level and at surface expression, mainly mediated through FcγRIIa. Interestingly, the kinetics of downregulation between the two varied, with surface expression reducing earlier than the message. Experiments to analyze the mechanism behind this discrepancy revealed that the loss of surface expression was because of internalization, which depended predominantly on the PI3 kinase pathway and was independent of FcγR internalization. Finally, functional analyses showed that the downregulation of CD31 expression in monocytes by small interfering RNA enhanced FcγR-mediated phagocytic ability but have little effect on cytokine production. Together, these results suggest that CD31 acts as a checkpoint receptor that could be targeted to enhance FcγR functions in Ab-mediated therapies.
Early Protection against Pertussis Induced by Live Attenuated Bordetella pertussis BPZE1 Depends on TLR4
Authors: Debrie Anne-Sophie , Mielcarek Nathalie , Lecher Sophie , Roux Xavier , Sirard Jean-Claude , Locht Camille 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pertussis is a severe respiratory disease mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis. Despite wide global vaccination coverage with efficacious pertussis vaccines, it remains one of the least well-controlled vaccine-preventable diseases, illustrating the shortcomings of the current vaccines. We have developed the live attenuated nasal pertussis vaccine BPZE1, currently undergoing clinical evaluation in human phase 2 trials. We have previously shown that in mice, BPZE1 provides strong and long-lasting protection against B. pertussis challenge by inducing potent Ab and T cell responses as well as secretory IgA and IL-17–producing resident memory T lymphocytes in the nasal cavity. In this study, we show that BPZE1 induces protection in mice against B. pertussis within days after vaccination, at a time when Ab and T cell responses were not detectable. Early protection was independent of T and B cell responses, as demonstrated by the use of SCID mice. Instead, it was due to TLR4-dependent signaling through the MyD88-dependent pathway of the innate immune response, as demonstrated in experiments with TLR4-deficient and MyD88-knockout mice. TLR2-dependent signaling did not play a major role in early protection. In addition, this study also shows that even at high doses, BPZE1 is safe in the severely immunocompromised MyD88-deficient mice, whereas virulent B. pertussis caused a severe pathological condition and death in these mice, even at a low dose. Finally, coadministration of virulent B. pertussis with BPZE1 did not cause exacerbated outgrowth of the virulent strain, thereby adding to the safety profile of this live vaccine candidate.
The Use of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as an Alternative Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Authors: Suliman Samra M. 
Published: November 2019

This case report studies the effi cacy of omega-3 fatty acids as an alternative to using psychopharmacological agents for treating patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. While this study may not end the controversy concerning the eff ectiveness of omega-3, it does establish a very solid case for using omega-3 fatty acids as an augmenting agent along with a lower than recommended minimum starting stimulant dose.
Acute Pediatric Pericarditis
Authors: Alkhushi Naif A. 
Published: November 2019

Recognizing pericarditis in the emergency sitting is important, as it may be associated with life-threatening tamponade or myopericarditis. Typically children present with retrosternal chest pain and may appear ill. However in many instances the presentation is not typical and the management is delayed with serious consequences. Electrocardiogram may show typical signs of pericarditis and may suggest associated complications. Echocardiography is the modality of choice for its diagnosis and assessment. Suspected patientsshould be evaluated and managed by a pediatric cardiologist. The management may involve urgent pericardiocentesis or a surgically created pericardial window. Non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs are the mainstay of medical treatment with some recent evidence supporting the value of using colchicine even in the first episode to prevent recurrence. Recurrence is an important and challenging concern requiring those children to have regular and careful follow up.
Machine learning analysis of lifeguard flag decisions and recorded rescues
Authors: Houser Chris , Lehner Jacob , Cherry Nathan , Wernette Phil 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Rip currents and other surf hazards are an emerging public health issue
globally. Lifeguards, warning flags, and signs are important, and to varying
degrees they are effective strategies to minimize risk to beach users. In
the United States and other jurisdictions around the world, lifeguards use
coloured flags (green, yellow, and red) to indicate whether the danger posed
by the surf and rip hazard is low, moderate, or high respectively. The
choice of flag depends on the lifeguard(s) monitoring the changing surf
conditions along the beach and over the course of the day using both
regional surf forecasts and careful observation. There is a potential that
the chosen flag is not consistent with the beach user perception of the
risk, which may increase the potential for rescues or drownings. In this
study, machine learning is used to determine the potential for error in the
flags used at Pensacola Beach and the impact of that error on the number of
rescues. Results of a decision tree analysis indicate that the colour flag
chosen by the lifeguards was different from what the model predicted for
35 % of days between 2004 and 2008 (n=396/1125). Days when there is a
difference between the predicted and posted flag colour represent only
17 % of all rescue days, but those days are associated with
∼60 % of all rescues between 2004 and 2008. Further analysis reveals that the largest number of rescue days and total number of rescues are associated with days where the flag deployed over-estimated the surf and hazard risk, such as a red or yellow flag flying when the model predicted a green flag would be more appropriate based on the wind and wave forcing alone. While it is possible that the lifeguards were overly cautious, it is argued that they most likely identified a rip forced by a transverse-bar and rip morphology common at the study site. Regardless, the results suggest that beach users may be discounting lifeguard warnings if the flag colour is not consistent with how they perceive the surf hazard or the regional forecast. Results suggest that machine learning techniques have the potential to support lifeguards and thereby reduce the number of rescues and drownings.
Don’t Join the Joyride:
Authors: Skjerve Kjetil Mangset , Lavik Trygve 
Published: November 2019

The paper argues that, counter to Walter Sinnott-Armostrong and Ewen Kingston’s view, we are morally required to refrain from joyguzzling, i.e., driving a fuel-inefficient car for no other purpose than having a good time. It is undisputed that joyguzzling is an example of a situation where the uncoordinated actions of a large group of individuals lead to an undesirable outcome. Additionally, it is highly unlikely that any one individual’s actions will have a significant impact on that outcome. But there are morally relevant differences between cases that share these characteristics. The paper clarifies the debate by introducing and discussing three different types of cases: drop-in-the-ocean cases, overkill cases and emergence cases. We argue that we may have moral obligations in drop-in-the-ocean cases, and that emissions of GHGs are not examples of overkill cases. Then we demonstrate through counterexamples that there are moral obligations in a subgroup of emergence cases we call joyguzzling-like cases. After criticizing the soundness of Kingston and Sinnott-Armstrong’s arguments, we critically address their relevance. We argue that Sinnott-Armstrong and Kingston fail to distinguish between two concepts of moral obligation — namely, autonomous and heteronomous moral obligation; that their most important arguments do not have any relevance to heteronomous obligations; and, finally, that heteronomous moral obligations are essential for social change.
Keywords: joyguzzling, individual responsibility, climate ethics, harm principle, autonomous vs. heteronomous moral obligations
Reception History, Theological Interpretation, and the Future of New Testament Studies
Authors: Rowlands Jonathan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
In this article the author seeks to fulfil two aims: (1) to outline briefly the problems facing the discipline of New Testament studies (broadly construed), and (2) to compare and contrast the manner in which reception history and theological interpretation of Scripture might be seen to overcome these problems. The author concludes by arguing that, while reception history serves to entrench the problems facing the discipline, theological interpretation may serve as the key for a more secure future for New Testament studies.
Relire l’histoire de la traduction littéraire au Canada : d’une tradition de traduction à des amorces de traditions imprévisibles1
Authors: Lane-Mercier Gillian 
Published: November 2019

À partir de la définition de deux collaborations à visée interculturelle prototypiques des sociétés démocratiques multilingues et multiculturelles contemporaines, l’une fondée sur le consensus, l’autre sur le compromis, cet article propose une analyse des enjeux soulevés par cette double conception de la participation citoyenne. Plus spécifiquement, le premier objectif consiste à examiner le rôle de la traduction littéraire dès lors susceptible de servir deux projets de société qui prônent, respectivement, l’assimilation culturelle, fondée sur la banalisation des rapports de domination au nom de l’égalité, et l’intégration, fondée sur la nécessité de donner droit de cité aux inégalités afin d’assurer la visibilité et la vitalité, sinon la survie des communautés minoritaires. Nous nous penchons à titre d’exemple sur le rôle de la traduction littéraire dans l’évolution des rapports difficiles entre la majorité francophone et la minorité anglophone du Québec depuis 1976, en particulier dans la revitalisation culturelle de celle-ci au cours des vingt dernières années. Aussi le deuxième objectif consiste-t-il à remettre en question une certaine lecture de l’histoire de ces rapports qui, postulant l’émergence d’une tradition de traduction où domine le consensuel, repose moins sur des faits que sur des perceptions, discours et idées reçues transformés en évidences. La relecture proposée fait ressortir les compromis réels que ces « évidences » escamotent, ainsi que le rôle de la traduction littéraire comme solution de compromis dans le processus de revitalisation en situation minoritaire. Pour ce faire, et en admettant que la traduction littéraire relève d’une dialectique du fait empirique et du construit discursif, nous recourons à la bibliométrie qui permet ainsi d’établir une articulation qui manque encore entre l’histoire de la traduction, axée sur les faits empiriques, et la traductologie, axée sur les discours.
Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Physico-chemical Characteristics of Open Drainage Channels in Port Harcourt
Authors: Ogbonna David N. , Ogbuku John O. , Kpormon Lucky B. 
Published: November 2019

Wastewater and sediment samples from selected locations of the Ntanwogba creek in the metropolitan city of Port Harcourt were collected. Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard analytical procedures. The results of the physicochemical analysis of the wastewater at different locations in this study was reported to have fell short of the recommended limits in terms of the turbidity, BOD5, nitrate, pH, TDS, temperature, DO, COD and chloride concentrations. The pH of the wastewater effluent samples ranged from 6.4–7.4, while sediments ranged from 5.3–5.7, the temperature regime for the samples at all study sites ranged 26.6-29.50C. Similarly, TDS and EC levels from wastewater samples ranged from 375–449 mg/l and 501-812.6 µS/cm, respectively. BOD5 ranges from 33.6 to 201.6 mg/l while chloride concentrations ranged from 34.30-61.06 mg/l. Similar trends were observed for sediments in all stations. The physicochemical characteristics from both sources were statistically significantly different at p < 0.05, and these values were not within the recommended limits for such effluents throughout the sampling period. The conclusion is that wastewater with a high domestic load has the highest negative impact on water quality in a river which suggests that the water resources has lost it potability. This calls for urgent attention for responsible agencies to ensure proper implementation of waste management policies to sanitize our environment. This is because failure to enforce the regulations might pose severe threat to receiving water bodies/resources.