bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Outskirts of Globular Clusters: The Peculiar Kinematics of NGC 3201
Authors: Bianchini P. , Ibata R. , Famaey B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The outskirts of globular clusters (GCs) simultaneously retain crucial information about their formation mechanism and the properties of their host galaxy. Thanks to the advent of precision astrometry both their morphological and kinematic properties are now accessible. Here we present the first dynamical study of the outskirts of the retrograde GC NGC 3201 until twice its Jacobi radius (<100 pc), using specifically selected high-quality astrometric data from Gaia DR2. We report the discovery of a stellar overdensity along the southeast/northwest direction that we identify as tidal tails. The GC is characterized globally by radial anisotropy and a hint of isotropy in the outer parts, with an excess of tangential orbits around the lobes corresponding to the tidal tails, in qualitative agreement with an N-body simulation. Moreover, we measure flat velocity dispersion profiles, reaching values of 3.5 ± 0.9 km s−1 until beyond the Jacobi radius. While tidal tails could contribute to such a flattening, this high velocity dispersion value is in disagreement with the expectation from the sole presence of potential escapers. To explain this puzzling observation, we discuss the possibility of an accreted origin of the GC, the presence of a dark matter halo—leftover of its formation at high redshift—and the possible effects of non-Newtonian dynamics. Our study uncovers a new path for the study of GC formation and of the properties of the Milky Way potential in the era of precision astrometry.
Isolation and Characterization of 27 Novel Microsatellite Loci in Critically Endangered Wyoming Toad
Authors: Martin Renee M. , Meador Heidi , Bender Lee , Hopper Lacey 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wyoming toad Anaxyrus baxteri is a federally endangered amphibian endemic to the Laramie basin in southwestern Wyoming, USA. A captive breeding program propagates A. baxteri, and the monitoring of genetic diversity in the captive stock can assist in guiding conservation measures of this species. Illumina paired-end sequencing lead to 27 species-specific polymorphic microsatellite genetic markers being developed. Across 24 samples, A. baxteri exhibited two to eight alleles per locus, and observed and expected heterozygosities per locus ranged from 0.292 to 0.958 and from 0.344 to 0.787, respectively. Tests for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were nonsignificant except for Abax_13 and Abax_39. These microsatellite markers will be useful for genetic monitoring to aid recovery efforts of A. baxteri captive and wild populations as well as other amphibians in the family Bufonidae.
Spatial Use and Survival of Sympatric Populations of New England and Eastern Cottontails in Connecticut
Authors: Kilpatrick Howard J. , Goodie Travis J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The New England cottontail (NEC) Sylvilagus transitionalis is strongly associated with shrubland and early successional habitat and is the only cottontail native to the U.S. Northeast. The distribution and abundance of young forest habitat and NEC populations have declined. The eastern cottontail (EC) Sylvilagus floridanus was introduced into the U.S. Northeast in the early 1900s and uses similar habitat as NEC, but is expanding in distribution and abundance. Little information exists on spatial use, survival, and competition in sympatric populations of NEC and EC. Understanding differences in population demographics may identify important factors or relationships influencing population trends and aid in developing effective management strategies. Our objectives were to quantify home range and core area sizes, annual survival rates, minimum population densities, and range overlap for sympatric populations of NEC and EC at four sites in Connecticut. We monitored spatial use and survival rates of 107 radio-collared rabbits over a 10-y period. Mean annual home ranges and core areas were 10.9 and 2.5 ha for NEC and 5.6 and 1.6 ha for EC. Overlap in home range and core areas was greater within species than between species (NEC-EC). For both species and sex, home range size expanded from winter to breeding seasons. Survival rates were greater for NEC than for EC at all four sites, with predation as the major cause of mortality for both species. Space-use patterns suggest that the potential for EC to interfere with NEC reproduction is limited and avoidance or resource partitioning between species in the same patch may be occurring.
Migratory Timing and Rates of Chinook Salmon Bound for the Kwethluk and Kisaralik Rivers
Authors: Moses Aaron P. , Staton Benjamin A. , Smith Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Detailed information regarding migratory behavior (i.e., phenology and rate of travel) of specific Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. substocks can be used to design management strategies focused on protecting substocks from harvest when desired; however, this information is often lacking. The Kwethluk and Kisaralik rivers are two tributaries of the lower Kuskokwim River that originate and flow through the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge in western Alaska. Although these two systems are the primary Chinook Salmon–producing tributaries within the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, little is known about migratory behavior of Chinook Salmon destined for these rivers. In 2015 and 2016, 119 Chinook Salmon tagged with radio telemetry transmitters entered either the Kwethluk or Kisaralik Rivers and were tracked throughout their migration to their assumed final spawning location using both ground- and aerial-based tracking methods. We compared migration timing and swim speeds between fish bound for these two rivers and between fish of different sizes and compared the consistency among the 2 y. In general, we found that fish bound for the Kwethluk and Kisaralik rivers exhibited similar migration behaviors in 2015 and 2016, including entry timing into the Kuskokwim River and migration rates once in the tributaries. A key finding was that Chinook Salmon swam fastest (range of means between years: 20–45 km/d) in the main-stem Kuskokwim River and slowed significantly (4–15 km/d) upon entry into lower portions of the tributaries. Our findings have relevance for harvest management strategies; for example, temporal fishery closures will impact Chinook Salmon bound for both the Kwethluk and Kisaralik rivers equally given their broad overlap in entry timing, and individuals will remain vulnerable to harvest for longer periods when located in tributaries rather than the portion of the main-stem directly below the tributary confluences.
Implementing and Assessing the Efficacy of the North American Bat Monitoring Program
Authors: Neece Benjamin D. , Loeb Susan C. , Jachowski David S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBats are under threat from habitat loss, energy development, and the disease white-nose syndrome; therefore, an efficient and effective means to monitor bat populations is needed. The North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) was initiated in 2015 to provide standardized, large-scale monitoring to benefit bat biologists, managers, and policy makers. Given the recency of this program, our first objective was to determine the efficacy of implementing NABat. Further, because the probability of detecting a bat varies among species and survey conditions, our second objective was to determine factors affecting detection probabilities of bats using NABat acoustic surveys. We conducted surveys across South Carolina from mid-May through July 2015 and 2016. To determine efficacy of NABat, we compared species detections with historical known distributions and predicted distributions based on environmental occupancy models. To determine factors that affected detection probability, we evaluated support for predictive detection models for each species or species grouping. In general, we found that predicted distributions closely matched known distributions. However, we detected some species in ≤50% of cells within their ranges and others outside their ranges, suggesting NABat may also reveal new information about species distributions. Most species had higher detection probabilities at stationary points than mobile transects, but the influence of interrupted surveys, environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, rainfall, and wind) and habitat conditions often varied among species. Overall, our results suggest NABat is an effective and efficient method for monitoring many bat species, but we suggest that future efforts account for species-specific biological and behavioral characteristics influencing detection probability.
Local- and Landscape-Level Variables Related to Poweshiek Skipperling Presence in Michigan Prairie Fens
Authors: Pogue Clint D. , Monfils Michael J. , Cuthrell David L. , Hackett Rachel A. , Zionce Riley A. , Monfils Anna K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Poweshiek skipperling Oarisma poweshiek, Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae is a historically common prairie butterfly with a range extending throughout prairie systems of the upper midwestern United States and southern Manitoba, Canada. Rapid, range-wide declines have reduced the number of verified Poweshiek skipperling locations to one in Manitoba prairie, one in Wisconsin prairie, and four in prairie fens in Michigan. Our objective was to investigate parameter suites with the potential to be biologically relevant to Poweshiek skipperling occupancy with the goal of informing conservation efforts. At 18 prairie fens categorized as occupied (n = 9) or unoccupied (n = 9), we collected information on plant biodiversity, water chemistry, soil chemistry, site geometry, and surrounding current and historical land cover at three spatial scales. To address the complexity of these systems, we used multiresponse permutation procedures and nonmetric multidimensional scaling to explore associations between variable groups thought to be relevant to Poweshiek skipperling (conditions for suspected larval host plants, system integrity, and agricultural influence) and occupancy categories. We used indicator species analysis to understand the relationships between plant biodiversity and Poweshiek skipperling occupancy at whole- and intrafen scales. Multiresponse permutation procedures analysis suggested that conditions for suspected larval host plants differed between occupied and unoccupied prairie fens. At the whole-fen scale, we identified 14 plant species associated with Poweshiek-occupied sites, including two purported larval host plants, Muhlenbergia richardsonis and Schizachyrium scoparium. At the intrafen scale, we identified 52 species associated with unoccupied Poweshiek sites, including many weedy species and those tolerant of inundated conditions. Our results can inform the evaluation of potentially suitable habitat for introduction and reintroduction efforts.
Récits généalogiques en Kabylie : de la légitimation sociale aux réappropriations culturelles et identitaires
Authors: Assam Malika 
Published: December 2019

Les récits généalogiques, sous la forme de traditions aussi bien orales qu’écrites, sont employés, en Kabylie comme dans le reste de l’Afrique du Nord, comme des mythes de fondation des groupes qui assoient leur légitimité sociale. Or, on assiste dans cette région d’Algérie à un réinvestissement de ces récits du fait de l’affirmation identitaire berbère. Grâce à un principe généalogique manipulable et à des mises en narration croisant oralité, écriture et picturalité, ces réinvestissements révèlent un renversement des principes traditionnels de légitimité – que sont l’arabité et le chérifisme – et participent d’une nouvelle définition de soi fondée sur l’autochtonie et la berbérité.
Introduction to a Special Volume of the Journal of General Education: Portland State University's University Studies at 25
Authors: Carpenter Rowanna L. , Hamington Maurice 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This special volume of the Journal of General Education addresses the 25 years of pioneering integrated, interdisciplinary work in University Studies, the general education curriculum at Portland State University including its accomplishments and its challenges. The volume is divided into four separate parts, each addressing a particular aspect or perspective of the program. Rowanna L. Carpenter, the director of assessment and research for the program, served as the managing editor for the volume, and each part had its own section editor who helped shepherd and curate the articles within. Each part also has an invited general education scholar who introduces the articles in the issue and places the discussion in a wider context of trends and research in higher education.
Modify and Adjust: Senior Inquiry as a Transformative Whole-School Program for Race and Social Justice
Authors: Kulak Andrew , Dougher Sarah , Lupro Michael Mooradian , Taylor Sonja 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Senior Inquiry is a dual-credit bridge program partnership between University Studies and regional school districts. The partnerships with Portland Public Schools have prioritized serving first-generation students and other underserved populations. As the program has grown, equity concerns among the collaborative teaching teams prompted experimenting with a whole-school model at Jefferson High School Middle College for Advanced Studies while working within the frame of the course theme of Race and Social Justice. This article documents how the Jefferson Senior Inquiry team attempts to authentically address the accumulated systemic inequities encountered by students in our classrooms. Student-centered pedagogy must be modified and adjusted to meet students where they are. Using the example of a summer assignment and engagement with visionary fiction, we show how we implement the inquiry model with our collaborative and iterative planning.
From Mentor to Faculty: Reflections on the Praxis of Care
Authors: Hunte Roberta , Wightman Joseph 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hunte and Wightman come to teaching positions in Portland State's University Studies (general education) program after having served as graduate and undergraduate mentors in the Peer Mentor Program. The unique model employs successful graduate and upper-division undergraduate students as teaching assistants in Freshman and Sophomore Inquiry classes to promote greater student success at the university. The authors reflect on their pedagogy from the perspectives as former mentors and current faculty. They discuss how their pedagogy has evolved through roles in University Studies. This article is constructed as a dialogue, using excerpts from those conversations. It explores issues of equity and access, and the care ethic that undergirds their shared approaches to teaching.
Análise do impacto dos gastos públicos sobre a pobreza na América Latina
Authors: Souza Beirão Éder de , Dias Alkimim Priscila , Pimenta Guimarães Luiza , Gonçalves Maria Elizete 
Published: December 2019

Os países da América Latina vêm mantendo há décadas altos níveis de pobreza. Assim, o maior desafio para os governos destes países refere-se à definição das áreas em que se deve investir para uma redução efetiva do número de pobres. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetiva identificar o impacto dos gastos públicos nas áreas de educação, proteção social e saúde sobre a pobreza nos países da América Latina, tendo como base o período de 2007 a 2014. O trabalho utiliza uma abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, sendo embasado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo como fonte de dados a Bases de Datos y Publicaciones Estadísticas da CEPAL (CEPALSTAT) da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e Caribe (CEPAL). A análise do impacto é feita a partir de regressões com dados em painel. Os resultados obtidos são condizentes com boa parte da literatura, posto que apontam que o aumento do desempenho da atividade econômica (medido pelo PIB) é fundamental para a redução da pobreza, mas este deve vir acompanhado de um combate à desigualdade social. Os resultados demonstram também que apenas os gastos públicos com saúde foram significantes na redução da pobreza, o que pode sinalizar uma má alocação e/ou baixa qualidade dos demais gastos públicos analisados, isto é, gastos com educação e proteção social. AbstractThe countries of Latin America have been maintaining high levels of poverty for decades. Thus, the greatest challenge for the governments of these countries is the definition of the areas in which to invest to effectively reduce the number of poor. In this sense, the present study aims to identify the impact of public spending in the areas of education, social protection and health on poverty in the Latin American countries, based on the period from 2007 to 2014. The work uses a quantitative and descriptive approach, being based on bibliographical and documentary research, having as data source the Statistical Databases and Statistical Publications of CEPAL (CEPALSTAT) of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL). The impact analysis is based on panel data regressions. The results obtained are consistent with a good part of the literature, since they point out that the increase in the performance of economic activity (as measured by GDP) is fundamental for reducing poverty,but this must be accompanied by a fight against social inequality. The results also show that only public health expenditures were significant in reducing poverty, which may indicate a poor allocation and / or low quality of other public expenditures analyzed, that is, spending on education and social protection.Keywords: Public Expenditures; Poverty; Education; Social Protection; Health
Análise da potabilidade das águas de fontes naturais, junto ao município de Fraiburgo-SC
Authors: Novicki Carina , Campos Roger Francisco Ferreira de 
Published: December 2019

Neste trabalho foram realizadas pesquisa e análises de fontes naturais situadas nas áreas urbanas e rurais do município de Fraiburgo – SC, a fim de caracterizar a sua potabilidade quanto aos parâmetros estabelecidos na legislação ambiental vigente. As fontes foram divididas em: (fonte 1) Gruta João Maria, (fonte 2) Gruta Nossa Senhora de Fátima, (fonte 3) Gruta Nossa Senhora de Lourdes, as quais passaram por coletas e os seguintes parâmetros: coliformes totais, coliformes fecais, acetato, cloreto, nitrito, brometo, nitrito, sulfato, lítio, sódio, amônia, potássio, magnésio, cálcio, cor, turbidez, pH, dureza de cálcio, dureza de magnésio, dureza total. As análises das fontes com os parâmetros cor e nitrato houve alteração nas 3 fontes em nitrito na (fonte 3), coliformes totais e termotolerantes onde não se adaptam de acordo com a resolução CONAMA 357/2005, Portaria n° 2.914 do Ministério da Saúde. Parâmetros pH, turbidez, dureza total, sulfato, lítio, sódio em todas as fontes estão de acordo com a resolução CONAMA 357/2005, Portaria n° 2.914 do Ministério da Saúde, para águas de classe 3 o parâmetro de nitrito na (fonte 1) e (fonte 2) está de acordo. Conclui-se, portanto, que as fontes do município de Fraiburgo – SC estão poluídas. Um plano de Educação Ambiental respaldado na Lei nº 9.795, de 27 de abril de 1999 será aplicado visando alertar sobre as principais doenças que podem indicar cólera, hepatites, verminoses e diarreias.
Avaliação da degradação dos recursos ambientais: um estudo de caso no município de Pilõezinhos - PB
Authors: Silva Pedro Luan Ferreira da , Cavalcante Alian Cássio Pereira , Silva Adailza Guilherme da 
Published: December 2019

A degradação dos recursos ambientais é um fator de grande preocupação nos últimos anos, principalmente nas pequenas propriedades agrícolas. No estado da Paraíba, o uso intensivo de forma inadequado pela falta de informação sob os recursos ambientais como o solo e água tem colaborado para a diminuição da produção agrícola. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi diagnosticar a degradação dos recursos ambiental solos e água em propriedade agrícola do município de Pilõezinhos-PB. O estudo ocorreu no período de julho a outubro de 2015 através de visitas técnicas as propriedades rurais Sítio Amarelinha do município, utilizou-se como ferramentas de trabalho, pesquisas em artigos e manuais técnicos para embasamento teórico e conhecimentos técnicos sobre o assunto e visitas in loco, para levantamento técnicos e construção de um acervo fotográfico. Os recursos ambientais água e solo nas propriedades estudadas encontram-se degradados e na maioria dos casos são utilizados com ausência de boas práticas de manejo pelos agricultores familiares, sendo necessário politicas públicas de incentivo as boas práticas de manejo no agroecossistema familiar, buscando a preservação destes recursos e uma convivência harmoniosa com o meio ambiente, pois são elementos essenciais para a sobrevivência dos seres vivos.
Diagnóstico da geração de resíduos de construção civil: um estudo de caso de canteiros na cidade de Pau dos Ferros/RN
Authors: Barbosa Helcio Barros , Oliveira Adla Kellen , Oliveira Leonardo Henrique 
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho trata-se de um diagnóstico da geração de resíduos da construção civil (RCC) nos canteiros de obra da cidade de Pau dos Ferros/RN. Para isso, foram realizadas visitas in loco, aplicação de questionário, registro fotográfico, caracterização visual do RCC e estimativa do volume de RCC presente na obra. Foi observado que a maior porcentagem de RCC é oriunda de construção, demolição e reforma. Da análise do questionário foi verificado que a etapa que mais contribui para a geração do resíduo é a de execução de revestimento. O volume de resíduo de construção civil verificado no momento da visita, foi calculado e resultou em aproximadamente 180m². A partir do questionário, verificou-se que as obras geram resíduos que podem ser reutilizados ou reciclados, no entanto apenas uma obra visitada reutilizou os resíduos. Foi verificado que os responsáveis pelas obras desconhecem o destino final dos resíduos e a maioria não tem conhecimento sobre a reutilização ou reciclagem do resíduo. Com as informações obtidas durante a pesquisa, observa-se que há necessidade de adoção de políticas públicas com o objetivo de melhorar a gestão de resíduos de construção civil do município.
Interjections in Scandinavia and Beyond: Traditions and Innovations
Authors: Jensen Eva Skafte , Levisen Carsten , Hougaard Tina Thode 
Published: December 2019

By revisiting interjections in Scandinavian Studies in Language, the explicit goal of the issue is to bring together Scandinavian and global perspectives on interjections. Our volume opens up Scandinavia-based research to the global audience, and at the same time, our analysis is characterized by deep connections with global scholarships in the plural. The seminal work on interjections by Wierzbicka (1991 [2003]); and Ameka (1992) had a crosslinguistic vision that continues to inspire the ongoing work of understanding both local interjections and global comparison.