bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the carbon dioxide injection into coal seam aiming at enhancing coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery
Authors: Talapatra Akash 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCoal seams, particularly deep unmineable coal reservoirs, are the most important geological desirable formations to store CO2 for mitigating the emissions of greenhouse gas. An advantage of this process is that a huge quantity of CO2 can be sequestrated and stored at relatively low pressure, which will reduce the amount of storage cost required for creating additional platform to store it. The study on CO2 storage in coal seam to enhance coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery has drawn a lot of attention for its worldwide suitability and acceptability and has been conducted since two decades in many coalmines. This article focuses on the coal seam properties related to CO2 adsorption/desorption, coal swelling/shrinkage, diffusion, porosity and permeability changes, thermodynamic/thermochemical process, flue gas injection, etc. Here, the performance analysis of both CO2 storage and ECBM recovery process in coal matrixes is investigated based on the numerical simulation. In this study, a one-dimensional mathematical model of defining mass balances is used to interpret the gas flow and the gas sorption and describe a geomechanical relationship for determining the porosity and the permeability alteration at the time of gas injection. Vital insights are inspected by considering the relevant gas flow dynamics during the displacement and the influences of coal swelling and shrinkage on the ECBM operation. In particular, pure CO2 causes more displacement that is more efficient in terms of total CH4 recovery, whereas the addition of N2 to the mixture assists to make quicker way of the initial methane recovery. However, this study will support future research aspirants working on the same topic by providing a clear conception and limitation about this study.
Genetisch onderzoek bij prostaatkanker: nieuwe ontwikkelingen
Authors: Ausems Margreet G. E. M. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. L. M. 
Published: February 2020

SamenvattingOp dit moment wordt kiembaan genetisch onderzoek bij prostaatkanker zelden aangevraagd. Bij mannen met gemetastaseerd prostaatcarcinoom wordt echter relatief vaak een mutatie in een borstkankergen gevonden (met name in BRCA2). In dit artikel worden criteria voor genetisch onderzoek voorgesteld. De uitslag van genetisch onderzoek kan van belang zijn voor familieleden die preventieve maatregelen kunnen nemen om kanker te voorkomen of tijdig op te sporen. De uitslag kan daarnaast ook van belang zijn voor de behandeling van de ziekte. De tijd is rijp om multidisciplinair een werkwijze in te richten waarbij genetisch onderzoek door het behandelteam met de patiënt wordt besproken, de patiënt goed geïnformeerd een keuze kan maken, en de uitslagen in nauwe samenwerking met de klinische genetica worden teruggekoppeld. Voor deze nieuwe werkwijze (mainstreaming van genetisch onderzoek) is adequate scholing nodig van urologen, oncologen en verpleegkundig specialisten.
Role of motor function and lung function in pathways to ageing and decline
Authors: Finkel Deborah , Ernsth Bravell Marie , Pedersen Nancy L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtensive research has investigated the association between age changes in various domains, including lung function and motor function. However, a few analyses have tested models that incorporate bidirectional longitudinal influences between lung and motor function to test the temporal chain of events in the disability process. Dual change score models (DCSM) assist with identification of leading indicators of change by leveraging longitudinal data to examine the extent to which changes in one variable influence subsequent changes in a second variable, and vice versa.AimsThe purpose of the current-analysis study was to apply DCSM to data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of ageing to examine the nature of the longitudinal relationship between motor functioning and lung function.MethodsThree motor functioning factors were created from 20 performance measures, including measures of balance, flexibility, and fine motor skills. Peak expiratory flow measured lung function. Participants were 829 adults aged 50–88 at the first of 9 waves of testing covering a 27-year follow-up period; 80% participated in at least three waves.ResultsModel comparisons indicated that decline in lung function preceded and contributed to subsequent decline in motor function.DiscussionCombined with previous results, these results suggest that declining lung function results in increasing difficulties in motor function, which contribute to subsequent declines in multiple domains.ConclusionUnderstanding the cascade of events that can lead to dependence can help in the development of interventions targeted early in the disablement process.
Integrated spatial and energy planning: a means to reach sustainable development goals
Authors: Stoeglehner Gernot 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClimate protection targets call for a transition towards sustainable energy systems based on energy saving, more energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. The options for energy strategies are highly shaped by local and regional spatial contexts like urban, suburban or rural areas or small towns embedded in rural or suburban areas. Both energy efficiency and renewable energy potentials are determined by these spatial contexts, so taking them into consideration leads to more realistic energy strategies. Therefore, integrated spatial and energy planning is an important field of action in order to reach Sustainable Development Goal 7—clean and affordable energy. In this conceptual paper, the ideas and basic principles of integrated spatial and energy planning are introduced, and it is discussed, how this concept might help not only to reach the energy transition but might also support further sustainable development goals. The paper is based on research results gained from Austrian experiences.
Can unconfined ice shelves provide buttressing via hoop stresses?
Authors: Wearing Martin G. , Kingslake Jonathan , Worster M. Grae 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe stress balance within an ice shelf is key to the resistance, or buttressing, it can provide and in part controls the rate of ice discharge from the upstream ice sheet. Unconfined ice shelves are widely assumed to provide no buttressing. However, theory and laboratory-scale analogue experiments have shown that unconfined, floating viscous flows generate buttressing via hoop stresses. Hoop stress results from the viscous resistance to spreading perpendicular to the flow direction in a diverging flow. We build on theoretical work to explore the controls on the magnitude of hoop-stress buttressing, deducing that buttressing increases with increasing effective viscosity and increasing divergence. We use an idealised model calibrated to unconfined sections of Antarctic ice shelves and find that many shelves have low effective viscosity, most likely due to extensive damage resulting from high extensional stresses. Therefore, they are unable to sustain the large hoop stresses required to resist flow. Some ice shelves that are surrounded by sea ice year-round have a greater effective viscosity and can provide buttressing, suggesting that sea ice reduces fracturing. However, we find that most unconfined ice shelves provide insignificant buttressing today, even when hoop stresses are considered in the stress balance.
Dynamite, Opium, and a Transnational Shadow Economy at Tonkinese Coal Mines
Authors: NGUYEN THUY LINH 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe rise of the coal-mining industry in colonial Vietnam has often been associated with the French economic presence and their drastic methods of exploitation. But, beyond the confines of French mining enterprises, coal mining gave rise to transnational economic links, fuelled clandestine economic activities, and bound communities across the Chinese–Vietnamese borderland. Drawing from business and police records located at the Vietnamese national archives including those of the Société Francaise des Charbonnages du Tonkin (SFCT)—the largest French coal-mining company in Indochina, this article reveals a thriving, complex, and intersected world of criminal activities involving the theft and trafficking of explosives and opium at Tonkinese coal mines. An investigation into the patterns of these crimes and their perpetrators exposes a transnational shadow economy that managed to stay under the radar of both the French surveillance system and the Vietnamese nationalist movement. Breaking away from the metropole–colony paradigm in colonial historiography, this blended history of labour and crime provides a new lens through which to explore the dynamics of colonial rule and the interplay of the local and the global, as well as the creation of new and important inter-Asian networks.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies for chagasic myocarditis: a systematic review
Authors: Freitas Dayanne S. , Silva Godinho Andressa S. , Mondêgo-Oliveira Renata , Cardoso Flávia de Oliveira , Abreu-Silva Ana Lucia , Silva Lucilene A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this review was to identify anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic agents and their effects on patients with chagasic myocarditis. A systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, LILACS and CENTRAL databases (Cochrane Library) was carried out without language restrictions. The descriptors used were: ‘Chagas cardiomyopathy’, ‘treatment’, ‘Chagas disease’, ‘anti-inflammatory agents’, ‘Trypanosoma cruzi’ and ‘antioxidants’. A total of 4,138 articles was identified, six of which were selected for data extraction. Of these, four were related to antioxidant therapy with vitamins C and E supplementation, and two using anti-inflammatory therapy. The studies were carried out in Brazil and were published between 2002 and 2017. Antioxidant therapy with vitamin C and E supplementation increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces the oxidative markers. There is no conclusive data to support the use of vitamin supplementation and anti-inflammatory therapy in the treatment of chagasic cardiomyopathy. However, the studies indicate the possibility of vitamin supplementation as a new approach to the treatment of Chagas disease. Antioxidant therapy was proven to be a viable alternative for attenuating the oxidative damage caused by chronic chagasic cardiopathy, leading to a better prognosis for patients.
The Trading with the Enemy Acts in the age of expropriation, 1914–49
Authors: Mulder Nicholas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines one of the most consequential legal–political models for the confiscation of private property in the twentieth century: the Trading with the Enemy Acts (TEAs). Two laws with this name were passed in Britain (1914) and the United States (1917), enabling the large-scale expropriation of ‘enemies’ and ‘aliens’. The extra-territorial application of these laws during the era of total war led to the globalization of its paradigm of expropriation in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The TEAs made the administrative process of dispossession effective and profitable for liberal states. The US law was repurposed for domestic use during the New Deal, while its British counterpart played an unforeseen role during decolonization and the great partitions of the late 1940s, as the nascent nation-states of India, Pakistan, and Israel used it to constitute themselves as territorial and economic units by taking land and property from ‘evacuees’ and ‘absentees’. The article provides a short history of these four national cases in their international context and argues that the history of the TEAs shows that state-driven mass expropriation was much more common throughout the mid twentieth century than usually supposed; the ‘age of extremes’ was also in part an ‘age of expropriation’.
Archeointensity of the Four Corners Region of the American Southwest
Authors: Jones S. A. , Tauxe L. , Blinman E. , Genevey A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNew paleointensity experiments were conducted using the IZZI protocol (a variation on the Thellier‐Thellier method) on 289 specimens from 54 baked pottery fragments collected from four archeological sites in the American Southwest. Anisotropy experiments were conducted to correct for anisotropy of remanence, a common problem in archeological material. Additionally, the effect of cooling rate was evaluated and the calculated paleointensity values were adjusted accordingly. Using the Thellier graphical user interface program, the specimen results were analyzed, averaged by sample (i.e., pottery fragment), filtered for the highest quality, and converted to Virtual Axial Dipole Moments (VADMs). Stylistic evidence, historical documentation, and dendrochronology analyses provide age constraints with up to decade resolution for the VADM results. We compared these new results with the highest quality previously published paleointensity values from the Four Corners region of the American Southwest—defined here as the four states of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado. None of the previously published data were corrected for cooling rate and only some were corrected for anisotropy, resulting in a systematic bias between data sets. To accommodate this difference, an estimated cooling rate correction was applied to all the previously published data. No correction can be made for anisotropy as this is specimen specific. Our estimated cooling rate correction and the empirical correction applied to the new data both require an estimation of the historical cooling rate of the pottery. Experimental pottery firings using one ancient technique and outfitted with thermocouples were conducted to determine the historical cooling rate.
Observations of Greenhouse Gas Changes Across Summer Frontal Boundaries in the Eastern United States
Authors: Pal Sandip , Davis Kenneth J. , Lauvaux Thomas , Browell Edward V. , Gaudet Brian J. , Stauffer David R. , Obland Michael D. , Choi Yonghoon , DiGangi Josh P. , Feng Sha , Lin Bing , Miles Natasha L. , Pauly Rebecca M. , Richardson Scott J. , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur knowledge about synoptic‐scale variations of atmospheric‐CO2 produced by interactions between midlatitude cyclones and regional‐scale surface fluxes remains limited due to the scarcity of observations. We synthesized observations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) with respect to frontal passages to understand how GHG distributions change vertically and horizontally during a synoptic event. We use the airborne in situ measurements of GHGs collected during the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport‐America summer 2016 field campaign. Using these measurements, we defined three metrics, (1) the differences in the GHG mole fractions across frontal boundaries in the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT), (2) differences in the vertical contrasts in GHGs in warm and cold sectors, and (3) the size and magnitude of enhanced CO2 in the vicinity of frontal boundary. We found that frontal structures are clearly associated with spatially coherent and significant changes in GHG composition. Warm sector CO2 mole fractions [CO2] are higher than those in the cold sector. The cross‐frontal [CO2] contrasts are largest in the BL (5–30 ppm) with smaller differences in the FT (3–5 ppm). We found higher [CH4] in the BL in the warm sector than in the cold sector for 5 out of 11 cases. Analyses of vertical profiles revealed higher [CO2] in the FT than in the BL in the cold sector while opposite pattern in the warm sector. Average BL‐to‐FT [CO2] differences are 12 and −6 ppm in the warm and cold sectors, respectively. The observational analyses presented define new metrics involving horizontal and vertical GHG contrasts across fronts during summer which will be used to evaluate simulations of GHG transport.
Pitch Angle Structures of Ring Current Ions Induced by Evolving Poloidal Ultra‐Low Frequency Waves
Authors: Liu Z.‐Y. , Zong Q.‐G. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Zhu Y.‐F. , Gu S.‐J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUltra‐low frequency (ULF) waves can effectively accelerate ring current ions through drift‐bounce resonance. Conventional theories have been developed to understand this resonance since the dawn of the space age, which usually assume ULF waves are quasi‐steady in time. However, ULF waves would experience growth and damping stages in the real magnetosphere, which requires an adjustment of the conventional theories. Here, we attempt to reveal how ions respond to evolving ULF waves. By analyzing an event observed by Van Allen Probe A and reproducing the observations via simulation, we find the phase shift of ion flux oscillation across resonant pitch angles varies with time, when wave growth and damping cannot be neglected. As a result, the inclination angle of stripes in pitch angle spectrogram varies with time, causing “fishbone‐like” pitch angle structures. One should take into account such ion behaviors when considering the role of drift‐bounce resonance in the real magnetosphere.
The EGFR-ZNF263 signaling axis silences SIX3 in glioblastoma epigenetically
Authors: Yu Zhibin , Feng Jianbo , Wang Wei , Deng Zhiyong , Zhang Yan , Xiao Lan , Wang Zeyou , Liu Changhong , Liu Qing , Chen Shuai , Wu Minghua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe homeotic protein SIX3 is a transcription factor vital for neurogenesis and has a bivalent promoter. We previously showed that SIX3 can be transcriptionally silenced by DNA hypermethylation, functions as a tumor suppressor gene, and inhibits human glioblastoma transcriptionally. Here, we show that the activation of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) induces DNA methylation of SIX3 promoter through the MAPK pathway. ERK, when activated, binds with ZNF263, consequently abrogating the ubiquitination of ZNF263 and leading to its stabilization. ZNF263 binds to the core promoter region of SIX3 and recruits the KAP1/HATS/DNMT corepressor complex to induce transcriptional silencing of SIX3 through H3K27me3 and methylation of SIX3 promoter. Activation of the EGFR-ZNF263 signaling axis in phenotypically normal astrocytes or glioblastoma cells triggers or enhances tumorigenic activities, while elevated expression of the EGFR-ZNF263 signaling components in glioblastoma tissues is associated with poor prognosis of the patients. Together, our findings demonstrate that epigenetic silencing of SIX3 is controlled by a sophisticated and highly ordered oncogenic signaling pathway and therefore provide new insights into initiation and progression of glioblastoma.
Transglutaminase-2 facilitates extracellular vesicle-mediated establishment of the metastatic niche
Authors: Shinde Aparna , Paez Juan Sebastian , Libring Sarah , Hopkins Kelsey , Solorio Luis , Wendt Michael K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ability of breast cancer cells to interconvert between epithelial and mesenchymal states contributes to their metastatic potential. As opposed to cell autonomous effects, the impact of epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) on primary and metastatic tumor microenvironments remains poorly characterized. Herein we utilize global gene expression analyses to characterize a metastatic model of EMP as compared to their non-metastatic counterparts. Using this approach, we demonstrate that upregulation of the extracellular matrix crosslinking enzyme tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is part of a novel gene signature that only emerges in metastatic cells that have undergone induction and reversion of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Consistent with our model system, patient survival is diminished when primary tumors demonstrate enhanced levels of TG2 in conjunction with its substrate, fibronectin. Targeted depletion of TG2 inhibits metastasis, while overexpression of TG2 is sufficient to enhance this process. In addition to being present within cells, we demonstrate a robust increase in the amount of TG2 and crosslinked fibronectin present within extracellular vesicle (EV) fractions derived from metastatic breast cancer cells. Confocal microscopy of these EVs suggests that FN undergoes fibrillogenesis on their surface via a TG2 and Tensin1-dependent process. Upon in vivo administration, the ability of tumor-derived EVs to induce metastatic niche formation and enhance subsequent pulmonary tumor growth requires the presence and activity of TG2. Finally, we develop a novel 3D model of the metastatic niche to demonstrate that conditioning of pulmonary fibroblasts via pretreatment with tumor-derived EVs promotes subsequent growth of breast cancer cells in a TG2-dependent fashion. Overall, our studies illustrate a novel mechanism through which EMP contributes to metastatic niche development and distant metastasis via tumor-derived EVs containing aberrant levels of TG2 and fibrillar FN.
Autologous fibroblasts induce fibrosis of the nucleus pulposus to maintain the stability of degenerative intervertebral discs
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhou Tangjun , Sun Xiaojiang , Han Chen , Zhang Kai , Zhao Changqing , Li Xunlin , Tian Haijun , Yang Xiao , Zhou Yifan , Chen Zhiqian , Qin An , Zhao Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLumbar degenerative disc diseases cause low back pain (LBP). The maintenance of the height and stability of the intervertebral disc (IVD) space is an effective treatment for LBP. The following study evaluated the effects of fibroblast injection on intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in a preclinical setting. Compared with the IDD group, the fibroblast treatment group demonstrated effective maintenance of IVD height, reduced endplate degeneration, and improved nuclear magnetic resonance signals and overall histological structure. In doing so, fibrotic IVDs maintained the stability and biomechanics of the vertebra. This finding is in agreement with clinical findings that human nucleus pulposus (NP) fibrosis is essential for the maintenance of IVD height and mechanical properties in patients following percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). Mechanistically, we demonstrated that injected fibroblasts not only proliferated but also induced NP cells to adopt a fibrotic phenotype via the secretion of TGF-β. Finally, to better mimic human conditions, the efficacy of autologous fibroblast injection in the treatment of IDD was further examined in a nonhuman primate cynomolgus monkey model due to their capacity for upright posture. We showed that the injection of fibroblasts could maintain the IVD height and rescue IVD signals in cynomolgus monkeys. Taken together, the results of our study reveal that autologous fibroblast injection can enhance the natural process of fibrosis during acute and subacute stages of stress-induced IDD. Fibrotic IVDs can maintain the stability, biological activity, and mechanical properties of the intervertebral space, thus providing a new direction for the treatment of intervertebral space-derived lumbar degenerative diseases.