bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Active Surveillance-Eligible Prostate Cancer during Pretransplantation Workup of Patients with Kidney Failure: A Simulation Study
Authors: Bieri Uwe , Hübel Kerstin , Seeger Harald , Kulkarni Girish S. , Sulser Tullio , Hermanns Thomas , Wettstein Marian S. 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives
The general rule that every active malignancy is an absolute contraindication for kidney transplantation is challenged by kidney failure patients diagnosed with active surveillance-eligible prostate cancer during pretransplantation workup. Interdisciplinary treatment teams therefore often face the challenge of balancing the benefits of early kidney transplantation and the risk of metastatic progression. Hence, we compared the quality-adjusted life expectancy of different management strategies in kidney failure patients diagnosed with active surveillance-eligible prostate cancer during pretransplantation workup.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A discrete event simulation model was developed on the basis of a systematic literature search, clinical guidelines, and expert opinion. After model validation and calibration, we simulated four management strategies in a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 patients: Definitive treatment (surgery or radiation therapy) and listing after a waiting period of 2 years, definitive treatment and immediate listing, active surveillance and listing after a waiting period of 2 years, and active surveillance and immediate listing. Individual patient results (quality-adjusted life years; QALYs) were aggregated into strategy-specific means (± SEs).

Results
Active surveillance and immediate listing yielded the highest amount of quality-adjusted life expectancy (6.97 ± 0.01 QALYs) followed by definitive treatment and immediate listing (6.75 ± 0.01 QALYs). These two strategies involving immediate listing not only outperformed those incorporating a waiting period of 2 years (definitive treatment: 6.32 ± 0.01 QALYs; active surveillance: 6.59 ± 0.01 QALYs) but also yielded a higher proportion of successfully performed transplantations (72% and 74% versus 56% and 59%), with less time on hemodialysis on average (4.02 and 3.81 years versus 4.80 and 4.65 years).

Conclusions
Among kidney failure patients diagnosed with active surveillance-eligible prostate cancer during pretransplantation workup, the active surveillance and immediate listing strategy outperformed the alternative management strategies from a quality of life expectancy perspective, followed by definitive treatment and immediate listing.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HCL
Authors: SAMIULLAH  , JAN SYED UMER , GUL RAHMAN , JALALUDIN SYED , ASMATHULLAH  
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to design a transdermal dosage form of pseudoephedrine HCL and to evaluate its release under controlled rates for sustained transdermal delivery of Pseudoephedrine.
Methods: Transdermal patches were prepared by the casting evaporation method. Utilizing eudragit RL100. Patches were characterized by physical appearance, moisture content, thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, tensile strength and stability studies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry analysis (SCA) and XRD studies. Four different permeation enhancer (Tween 20, thymus oil, castor oil and eucalyptus oil) was employed. In vitro release of drugs was done in the dissolution paddle apparatus. Release studies were performed in distilled water at 37 °C. Scanning electron microscope studies were performed before and after the drug.
Results: Transdermal patches with enhancers were formulated successfully with a concentration of 1% (W/V). The patches indicated stable physicochemical characteristics. FTIR, SCA and XRD Studies showed that there were no physical and chemical interactions between excipients and drugs. Results of in vitro permeation studies showed that enhancers used in this study increased drug released. The enhancers showed faster released than no enhancer. This arrangement can be shown as Tween>Eucalyptus oil>Thymus oil and castor oil. Formulation F2 is optimized among all formulations showed an 83.3% release.
Conclusion: Transdermal patches of pseudoephedrine were successfully developed by using pseudo epinephrine HCL. These patches proved to be very useful for therapeutic purposes in the pharmaceutical industry without making the patients unconscious, unlike the trivial methods of treatment.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORAL SUSTAINED-RELEASE RANITIDINE DELIVERY SYSTEM BASED ON BACTERIAL NANOCELLULOSE MATERIAL PRODUCED BY KOMAGATAEIBACTER XYLINUS
Authors: NGUYEN THANH XUAN , PHAM MUNG VAN , CAO CUONG BA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The short biological half-life (2-3 h) and low bioavailability (50 %) of ranitidine (RAN) following oral administration favor the development of a controlled release system. This study was aimed to develop and in vitro evaluate oral sustained-release RAN delivery system based on the bacterial nanocellulose material (BNM) produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus (K. xylinus) from selected culture media.
Methods: BNMs are biosynthesized by K. xylinus in the standard medium (SM) and coconut water (CW). RAN was loaded in BNMs by the absorption method. The structural and physicochemical properties of BNMs and BNMs-RAN were evaluated via swelling behavior, FTIR, and FESEM techniques. Moreover, the effect of BNMs on RAN release profile and release kinetics was analyzed and evaluated.
Results: The amount of loaded RAN or entrapment efficacy for BNM-CW is higher than for BNM-SM. The BNM-SM-RAN and BNM-CW-RAN exhibited a decreased initial burst release system followed by a prolonged RAN release up to 24 h in relation to the commercial tablets containing RAN. The RAN release from these formulations was found higher in the SGF medium than that of in SIF medium. RAN released from these formulations was found to follow the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and diﬀusion sustained drug release mechanism. The sustained release of RAN from BNM-SM-RAN was slower than for RAN from BNM-CW-RAN, but the mechanism of sustained RAN release was the same.
Conclusion: Oral sustained-release RAN delivery system based on BNMs was successfully prepared and evaluated for various in vitro parameters. The biopolymers like BNM-SM and BNM-CW could be utilized to develop oral sustained RAN release dosage form.
FORMULATION OF SERUM GEL CONTAINING ANGELICA KEISKEI LEAF EXTRACT AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND TYROSINASE ENZYME INHIBITOR
Authors: AULIFA DIAH LIA , NOERFITRI RIZKA Y. , TRISTIYANTI DEBY , BUDIMAN ARIF 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the efficacy of Angelica keiskei (AK) leaf extract in serum gel as an antioxidant and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor.
Methods: The leaves of AK were extracted using the maceration method, while the antioxidant and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and L-Tyrosine as assay and substrate, respectively. Subsequently, the extract was formulated into serum gel and evaluated for physical stability, antioxidant and inhibitory activity to tyrosinase enzyme.
Results: The results showed that AK leaf extract has antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value = 7.73 mg/ml, while the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory power had an IC50 value = 500 mg/ml. Based on physical stability, the serum gel was stable after 28 d of storage. The serum gel of AK leaf extract also showed antioxidant activity and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition with IC50 value of 16.68 mg/ml and 741.62 mg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the serum gel of AK leaf extract has potential as a skin lightening agent and is safe for use as a topical preparation.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Berbasis Lingkungan: Perspektif Ekolinguistik
Authors: Mbete Aron Meko 
Published: May 2020

Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk memberikan konsep pembelajaran bahasa berbasis lingkungan dalam perspektif Ekolinguistik. Perubahan lingkungan kebahasaan, tentu juga lingkungan sosial, kemanusiaan, dan kebudayaan, patut dikaji secara kritis. Demikian pula perkembangan budaya media khususnya, dan perubahan tata nilai kehidupan yang “sangat mendunia” ini perlu dicermati, disikapi, dan dievaluasi kembali secara lebih dalam. Kehidupan ini memang selalu berubah dan berkembang ke tingkat peradaban dan kebudayaan yang lebih tinggi. Akan tetapi, ke arah manakah hidup ini bergerak dan berubah, (secara khusus perubahan peran dan fungsi bahasa serta sikap para pemakainya), itulah sesungguhnya yang perlu direnungkan dan dievaluasi. Pembelajaran bahasa berbasis lingkungan diupayakan agar keanekabahasaan dan juga keberagaman bahasa yang merepresentasikan keanekaragaman hayati di lingkungan tertentu, dapat menjadi sumber penulisan dan upaya pelestarian bahasa-bahasa lokal, bahasa Indonesia, dan penguasaan bahasa asing. Melalui pembelajaran bahasa-bahasa yang berbasis lingkungan itu, peserta didik memulihkan kembali interaksi, interelasi, dan interdependensi dengan lingkungan hidup mereka, sekaligus mencegah gejala ketidakberakaran hidup mereka. Kata kunci: pembelajaran bahasa, perspektif ekolinguistik
The Effect of Periwinkle Shell Ash Mixed with Cement on Water Absorption and Shrinkage of Lateritic Block
Authors: Antia Mfon Ekanem , Ajiero Ikenna Reginald , Anih Paul Chuks 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the effect of periwinkle shell ash (PSA) blended with cement on the water absorption and shrinkage of lateritic blocks. The objectives that would help achieve the stated aim are to investigate the water absorption and shrinkage properties of lateritic blocks blended with periwinkle shell ash/cement. The following methods were used during the research: sedimentation test, standard proctor test, Atterberg’s limit test, smell and Nibble tests. Specific gravity of PSA, bulk density and porosity of PSA were carried out. 5 % of the cement and percentage replacement levels of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % of cement with PSA were used for block production. 21 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm blocks were moulded, cured and subjected to water absorption and shrinkage tests. Data were collected and analysed using graphs, correlation and regression analyses. Result shows that percentage water absorption for replacement levels 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % were 12.08 %, 16.38 %, 18.21 %, 19.95 %. Again, from 0 % replacement to 30 % replacement of cement with PSA, the linear shrinkage increased from 1.5 mm to 2.8 mm. It implies that up to 30 %, the maximum crack the block could form is 2.8 mm, whereas the maximum allowable crack width for walling materials is 3.0 mm. Therefore, percentage replacement of up to 30 % is recommended for use in lateritic block.
Beurteilung der Versorgungslage von Milchkühen in der frühen Laktation anhand der Milchinhaltsstoffe
Authors: Ornetsmüller Karin , Gruber Leonhard , Horn Marco , Zollitsch Werner 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Da sich die Einschätzung der Versorgungslage von Milchkühen in der Praxis oft schwierig gestaltet, wird dafür seit einigen Jahren eine grafische Darstellung auf Basis des Milcheiweiß- und Harnstoffgehaltes als Management-Tool verwendet. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, wie gut die Beurteilungen dieser sogenannten 9-Felder-Tafel und ihrer aktualisierten Form, der 6-Felder-Tafel, mit der tatsächlichen Protein- und Energieversorgungslage übereinstimmen. Um dies zu ermitteln, wurden Daten aus einem Fütterungsversuch in die Felder-Tafeln eingeordnet und mithilfe eines Chi-Quadrat-Anpassungstests, der Berechnung von Sensitivität, Spezifität sowie der Likelihood-Ratios auf die Zuverlässigkeit der Einschätzung hin überprüft. Eine Optimalversorgung wurde für den Bereich einer Aufnahme von ±10 % des Tagesbedarfs angenommen. Dabei konnte innerhalb der ersten zehn Laktationswochen die 6-Felder-Tafel mit 27,6 % korrekten Einschätzungen etwas bessere Ergebnisse erzielen als die 9-Felder-Tafel mit 17,2 %. Die Sensitivität reichte bei der 9-Felder-Tafel von 0,00 bis 0,50, bei der 6-Felder-Tafel von 0,00 bis 0,56. Ergänzend wurden die falschen Beurteilungen mit ihrer tatsächlichen Einordnung verglichen. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich diese häufig nicht in den angrenzenden Feldern befinden, weshalb eine Adaptierung der Grenzwerte zu keiner wesentlichen Verbesserung der Zuverlässigkeit führt. Aufgrund gravierender Fehleinschätzungen können beide Felder-Tafeln nicht für eine Verwendung zur Einzeltierbeurteilung in der Praxis empfohlen werden.
Google Street View image predicts car accident risk
Authors: Kita-Wojciechowska Kinga , Kidziński Łukasz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death worldwide. Proper estimation of car accident risk is critical for the appropriate allocation of resources in healthcare, insurance, civil engineering and other industries. We show how images of houses are predictive of car accidents. We analyse 20,000 addresses of insurance company clients, collect a corresponding house image using Google Street View and annotate house features such as age, type and condition. We find that this information substantially improves car accident risk prediction compared to the state-of-the-art risk model of the insurance company and could be used for price discrimination. From this perspective, the public availability of house images raises legal and social concerns, as they can be a proxy of ethnicity, religion and other sensitive data.
New strategies for the control of infectious and parasitic diseases in blood donors: the impact of pathogen inactivation methods
Authors: Galli Luca , Bruschi Fabrizio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Around 70 infectious agents are possible threats for blood safety.
The risk for blood recipients is increasing because of new emergent agents like West Nile, Zika and Chikungunya viruses, or parasites such as Plasmodium and Trypanosoma cruzi in non-endemic regions, for instance.
Screening programmes of the donors are more and more implemented in several Countries, but these cannot prevent completely infections, especially when they are caused by new agents.
Pathogen inactivation (PI) methods might overcome the limits of the screening and different technologies have been set up in the last years.
This review aims to describe the most widely used methods focusing on their efficacy as well as on the preservation integrity of blood components.
Micro-macro transition for numerical simulation of submerged membrane bioreactor
Authors: Dessislava Moutafchìeva , Veselin Iliev 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The objective of this work is numerical simulation of the membrane by direct analysis at micro, meso and macro level. This approach includes first a defining and modeling of a basic structural unit, after that simulation of a fragment as a representative element of the membrane structure. Then the results obtained to transfer for the entire membrane module and finally modeling of the membrane as porous media with calculated permeability. The numerical simulation was done with Ansys CFX, using the Darcy’s equation for flow through porous media with configuration of the membrane and second order backward Euler transient scheme for solving the Navier-Stokes equations.
The permeability of the membrane is determined at a micro and macro level by computer simulation for different fluids, which allows to evaluating the influence of the viscosity on the flow passing through the membrane. This micro-macro approach is quite efficient and cost-effective because it saves time and requires less computer capacity and allows direct analysis of the complex structure of the membrane modules.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by culture filtrate of lactic acid bacteria, characterization and antifungal activity
Authors: Matei Adrian , Matei Sorin , Matei Gabi-Mirela , Cogălniceanu Gina , Cornea Călina Petruța 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanomaterials obtained by nanotechnology and due to their antimicrobial properties have a major importance in the control of various species of bacteria, fungi and viruses, with applications in medicine, cosmetics or food industry. The goal of the paper was to present the results of the research carried out on rapid extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by culture filtrate of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sp. strain LCM5 and to assess the antimicrobial activity. Analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs evidenced that the size of AgNPs synthesized using culture filtrates of lactic acid bacteria strain LCM5 ranged between 3 and 35 nm diameter, with an average particle size of 13.84±4.56 nm. AgNPs presented a good dispersion, approximately spherical shape, with parallel stripes certifying crystal structure. Frequency distribution revealed that preponderant dimensions of biosynthesized AgNPs were below 20 nm (94%). Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was variable depending on both species and group of test microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) involved. Diameter of growth inhibition zone of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus caused by silver nanoparticles synthesized by lactic acid bacteria strain LCM5 were similar (12.39 ± 0.61mm and 12.86 ± 0.78 mm) but significant stronger inhibition was registered against Penicillium expansum (15.87 ± 1.01mm). The effectiveness of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was more pronounced against Gram-negative bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum with larger zone of inhibition (18 ± 0.69 mm diameter) when compared to those from fungi. Results recommend the silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using culture filtrate of the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sp. strain LCM5 for biotechnological purposes, as promising antimicrobial agents.
Phenolic composition of some Tunisian medicinal plants associated with anti-proliferative effect on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells
Authors: Najjaa Hanen , Abdelkarim Ben Arfa , Doria Enrico , Boubakri Abdelbasset , Trabelsi Najla , Falleh Hanen , Tlili Hajer , Neffati Mohamed 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Plants have been seen to possess the potential to be excellent biological matrices to serve as a basis for investigating the presence of promising therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Several successful anti-cancer medicines - or their analogues - nowadays in use are plant derived and many more are under clinical trials. Under current circumstances, the purpose of this work was to test aqueous and ethanolic extracts of five aromatic and medicinal plants from arid zones on some tumor cell lines. These plants, Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng, Crithmum maritimum (L.) Spreng, Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin, Retama raetam (Forssk.) and Zizyphus lotus (L.) Desf., widely used in Tunisian ethnomedicine, were assessed for their phenolic compounds, antioxidants and anticancer activities in aqueous and ethanol extracts. Total polyphenols, flavonoid and tannin contents were determined colorimetrically and some of these molecules were identified using RP-HPLC. A significant difference on phenolic contents and composition were found among the investigated plants. Cymbopogon schoenanthus was the richest in phenolic compounds (approx. 72%) with quercetine-3-o-rhamnoside (approx. 33%) as main contributor. For all the tested plants, the highest antioxidant capacity was detected in the ethanolic extracts rather than in the aqueous ones. The highest antiproliferative potential was observed for the ethanolic extracts. Hammada scoparia, Retama raetam and Zizyphus lotus exhibited important antiproliferative effect that reached 67% at a 1% extract concentration. Taken together, the present study supports the potential development of chemotherapeutic agents from, at least, four of the five studied Tunisian ethnomedicinal plants.
Does sexual orientation of bullying target influence bystander response?
Authors: Meglich Patricia , Porter Tracy , Day Nancy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Bystander Intervention Model (BIM) is applied to explore how bystanders to workplace bullying assess situations and choose responses based on the (female) target’s sexual orientation. We investigate how attitudes of homophobia and amnestic heterosexism (AH) affect these responses. Vignettes of workplace mistreatment against lesbian, female bisexuals, or female heterosexual targets were randomly presented to respondents, who were asked to assess the degree of “mistreatment” they perceive, their feelings of personal responsibility, and their anticipated responses. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Regardless of levels of homophobia or AH, respondents report less active intervention when the target is lesbian compared to bisexual or heterosexual females. Respondents do not distinguish between conditions in clarity or severity of bullying. However, those higher in homophobia and AH feel less personal responsibility and are less likely to intervene when the target is lesbian.
The comparative analysis of the industrial relations systems in Europe
Authors: Gardawski Juliusz , Towalski Rafał 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

This article aims to quantify the institutional similarities between industrial relations systems in 11 Central and Eastern European countries (CEE11), on the one hand and each of the four models of capitalism in Western Europe identified by Amable [2003], on the other hand. The comparative analysis was performed on the basis of six variables. Three of them represent inputs or institutional determinants of industrial relations. Another three variables represent outputs or the labor market performance. For each variable, the similarity coefficients between CEE11 countries and four reference EU15 economies representing Western European models of capitalism were calculated. Based on these coefficients, the hexagons of similarity were built.

The analyses led us to some general observations. In 2005, most of the countries in the region developed industrial relations systems similar to the continental model, what can be interpreted as a strategy to meet the requirements imposed on these countries in the process of European integration. After accession, most of the countries abandoned “social partnership” ship and started the cruises to the Anglo-Saxon model.
Fifteen years of Poland’s membership of the European Union: Poland’s participation in the internal market for services
Authors: Szypulewska-Porczyńska Alina , Suska Magdalena 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the changes that have occurred after Poland’s integration into the European Union (EU) internal market for services after 2004 considering the legal changes adopted in the EU relating to the free movement of services, namely, the Service Directive. An examination of the Directive’s outcome and the development of the market integration process permit the conclusion that the changes in regulatory trade barriers have had a relatively limited impact on the changes that have occurred in EU–Polish ties concerning services trade. These were predominantly shaped by structural and macroeconomic factors. From an analysis of the structure of Poland’s services trade, a picture emerges of a deepening asymmetry between the exports and imports sides of Poland’s participation in the internal market.