bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmology Residents' Experience with Complex Cataract Surgery at a VA Hospital over 10 Years
Authors: Maturana Colleen , Lee Paul , Fredrick Douglas , Chadha Nisha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of complex cataract surgery performed by third-year ophthalmology residents at an academic Veterans Administration Medical Center.
Methods A chart review was conducted of all resident cataract surgeries performed at the James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center in The Bronx, NY between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2017. Correct categorization was confirmed by review of operative report and reason for complex categorization was recorded, as well as the use and type of nonstandard device or technique.
Results A total of 2,429 routine and 114 complex cataract surgeries were performed by 40 different residents over the 10-year period. In total, 4.5% of all cataract surgeries were categorized as complex. The most common reasons for complex categorization included intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (35.8%), miosis (38.4%), zonular instability (9.6%), mature cataract (7%), posterior synechiae (7.8%), and posterior capsular plaque (1.8%). Nonstandard techniques/devices included iris hooks (65.3%), pupil expansion device (8.5%), extracapsular cataract extraction (6.8%), synechiolysis (7.6%), mechanical iris dilation (0.8%), capsular tension ring (9.3%), and primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (1.7%).
Conclusion A review of third-year resident cataract surgery experience at our institution's VA hospital where a significant amount of their surgical volume, approximately 50%, is obtained revealed that complex cataracts constituted a minimal portion of the cases. Education in cataract surgery should be competency based, extend beyond achieving minimums, and focus on variety and complexity of surgical experience. Formal tracking of routine versus complex cases should be considered to optimize training experience and assure patient safety.
Assessment of Celiac Axis and Hepatic Artery Variations in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Malignancy with Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Raj Gaurav , Kaushik Namrata , Singh Ragini , Singh Neha , Chauhan Abhishek , Narayan Shamrendra , Kumar Tushant , Dixit Nitin A. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction Delineation of variant anatomy in celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery including its origin and branching pattern and variations in branching pattern of hepatic artery in patients of hepatopancreaticobiliary malignancy with the use of mutidetector CT (computed tomography) angiograpgy was performed.
Materials and Methods All CT examinations were performed on a 64-multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner. Technical features of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) are as follows: 64 mm × 1 mm collimation, minimum slice thickness of 0.625, gantry rotation time of 320 ms, 120 kV, and 320 mAs. CT angiography was performed with intravenous (IV) administration of nonionic contrast material, that is, iodixanol (Visipaque). The contrast medium and saline solution were injected with a Medrad power injector at 3 mL/sec through an 18-gauge plastic intravenous catheter placed in an antecubital vein in most of the cases. Contrast medium volumes varied between 100 and 150 mL at 1.5 mL/kg. Images were obtained in triphasic pattern at arterial (20–30 seconds), portal (60–70 seconds), and equilibrium (at 3 minutes) phases.
Results Five types of celiac axis anatomic variations and nine type of variants in celiac axis branching was found in the study sample of 124 patients. Classical celiac axis anatomy was seen in 92.7% of the cases, while the five types of variation in branching were found in nine patients. Majority of cases showed pattern I (59.6%) followed by patterns V (12.1%), II (9.7%), and III (8.9%). There were three (2.4%) cases each showing pattern VIII and AA, and two (1.6%) cases each showing patterns IV and VI, respectively. There was one (0.8%) case each showing pattern VII and IX. A total of three (2.4%) cases showed right hepatic artery arising from celiac axis.
Conclusion We conclude that most common pattern of celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) branching is classical pattern (92.7%) which is in concordance with literature. Type-I pattern of hepatic artery branching was most common (59.6%), similar to that documented in literature. Although the most common variation in our study is type V (12.1%), followed by types II (9.7%) and III (8.9%), the most common variation in most of the literature was found to be type III. CT angiography hence is an excellent diagnostic modality for depiction of arterial anatomic variations and provides a roadmap for surgical treatment.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants for the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Giustozzi Michela , Agnelli Giancarlo , del Toro-Cervera Jorge , Klok Frederikus A. , Rosovsky Rachel P. , Martin Anne-Céline , Herold Joerg , Tzoran Inna , Szmit Sebastian , Bertoletti Laurent , Becattini Cecilia , Huisman Menno V. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background International guidelines have endorsed the use of edoxaban or rivaroxaban as an alternative to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. Recently, a large randomized controlled trial of apixaban versus dalteparin in patients with cancer was completed. We performed an updated meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus LMWH in patients with cancer-associated VTE.
Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry) were systematically searched up to March 30, 2020 for randomized controlled trials comparing DOACs versus LMWH for the treatment of VTE in patients with cancer. The two coprimary outcomes were recurrent VTE and major bleeding at 6 months. Data were pooled by the Mantel–Haenszel method and compared by relative risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results Four randomized controlled studies (2,894 patients) comparing apixaban, edoxaban, or rivaroxaban with dalteparin were included in the meta-analysis. Recurrent VTE occurred in 75 of 1,446 patients (5.2%) treated with oral factor Xa inhibitors and in 119 of 1,448 patients (8.2%) treated with LMWH (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.43–0.91; I
2, 30%). Major bleeding occurred in 62 (4.3%) and 48 (3.3%) patients receiving oral factor Xa inhibitors or LMWH, respectively (RR 1.31; 95% CI 0.83–2.08; I
2, 23%).
Conclusion In patients with cancer-associated VTE, oral factor Xa inhibitors reduced the risk of recurrent VTE without a significantly higher likelihood of major bleeding at 6 months compared with LMWH.
On how religions could accidentally incite lies and violence: folktales as a cultural transmitter
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , Ho Manh-Tung , Nguyen Hong-Kong T. , Vuong Thu-Trang , Tran Trung , Hoang Khanh-Linh , Vu Thi-Hanh , Hoang Phuong-Hanh , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Ho Manh-Toan , La Viet-Phuong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFolklore has a critical role as a cultural transmitter, all the while being a socially accepted medium for the expressions of culturally contradicting wishes and conducts. In this study of Vietnamese folktales, through the use of Bayesian multilevel modeling and the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, we offer empirical evidence for how the interplay between religious teachings (Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism) and deviant behaviors (lying and violence) could affect a folktale’s outcome. The findings indicate that characters who lie and/or commit violent acts tend to have bad endings, as intuition would dictate, but when they are associated with any of the above Three Teachings, the final endings may vary. Positive outcomes are seen in cases where characters associated with Confucianism lie and characters associated with Buddhism act violently. The results supplement the worldwide literature on discrepancies between folklore and real-life conduct, as well as on the contradictory human behaviors vis-à-vis religious teachings. Overall, the study highlights the complexity of human decision-making, especially beyond the folklore realm.
Monsters in the dark: the discovery of Thuggee and demographic knowledge in colonial India
Authors: Bhattacharya Sagnik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe thugs have been one of the most lasting images in the portrayal of India in Western imagination. Although several scholars have questioned the authenticity of the information contained in the thug archive, that is, the corpus of colonial knowledge about the thugs, Martine van Wœrkens and Tihanyi (The strangled traveler: colonial imaginings and the thugs of India. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2002) and Macfie (Rethinking Hist 12(3):383–397, 2008) argue that the very phenomenon as it was known to the British, was an orientalist construct. However, though the orientalist and romantic genesis of the thug imagery has been well established, the precise nature, reasons, and implications of the same largely remain “terra incognita”. This article examines the discovery of the thugs and analyzes parts of the thug-archive through the concept of the monster as elaborated by Mary Douglas (Purity and danger: an analysis of concepts of pollution and taboo. Routledge, New York, 1966), Victor Turner (“Betwixt and between: the liminal period in rites de passage”. The forest of symbols. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1967) and Michel Foucault et al. (Abnormal: lectures at the Collège de France, 1974–1975. Picador, New York, 2003), and establishes the thug as an epistemological monster emerging from the cracks and gaps in colonial information gathering mechanisms that arose as a result of the changing nature of the Indian “state” and the employment of alien categories for demographic knowledge production. The key question here is: how can we explain the sudden appearance of thugs in the colonial archive in the 1830s and the disproportionate interest of the administration in eradicating them? This article analyzes the journalistic and legal discourse surrounding the thugs in the nineteenth century and tries to demonstrate how the notion of the “monster” can act as a methodological tool in explaining the efforts of the Thug Department. The argument is then concluded through an investigation into the implications of the discovery of the thugs for the teleology of Indian history and the consequence of “othering” tribal and other anomic populations in the new Weberian state that the colonial and post-colonial regimes envisioned to establish.
Chinese learners’ use of concessive connectors in English argumentative writing
Authors: Hsu Chan-Chia , Davis Richard Hill , Wang Yu-Chi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA learner corpus, i.e., a principled collection of contextualized texts produced by second language learners, can be of invaluable help in identifying learners’ needs. Previous learner corpus research has indicated that an area for improvement in second language writing is learners’ use of logical connectors as cohesive devices. While most previous studies have been general surveys that examined a wide range of English connectors, the present one is a more focused investigation, probing into Chinese-speaking learners’ use of concessive connectors. The data is taken from a self-constructed corpus of argumentative essays written by Taiwanese freshmen, who were placed into four proficiency levels. Common errors, including orthographical, syntactic, and semantic ones, were identified and categorized. The frequency distribution of the attested concessive connectors reveals Chinese learners’ development in their use of individual connectors. Difficulties may be attributed to the linguistic complexity of concessive connectors in English and L1 transfer. Moreover, previously identified lexico-syntactic characteristics in learners’ use of English connectors were reconfirmed by our corpus data. More importantly, the pragmatic function of concessive connectors in Chinese learners’ argumentative writing is also addressed. The findings have important pedagogical implications. Pragmatics is an area in need of further attention in learner corpus research, and we have gone some way toward enhancing our understanding of that area.
Purification, characterization and exploitation of Azadirachta indica gum for the production of drug loaded nanocarrier
Authors: Samrot Antony V , Angalene J Lavanya Agnes , Roshini S M , Stefi S M , Preethi R , Raji P , A Madan Kumar , Kumar S Suresh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, gum polysaccharide of Azadirachta indica was extracted and purified. The obtained polysaccharide was subjected to TLC chromatography, spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and GC-MS analysis. The polysaccharide was found to have Glucose, Idosan, Allose, Galactose, Ribose and Xylose. The polysaccharide was not having antibacterial activity but possessed good antioxidant and anticancer activity. The extracted polysaccharide was further carboxymethylated and used for the synthesis of nanocarrier to carry anticancer drug, curcumin. Size of the drug unloaded nanocarrier were found to be size below 40 nm, whereas the drug loaded nanocarriers were around 50 to 70 nm. The nanocarriers were studied for cytotoxicity against MCF7 cancer cell line and found to be effective.
A modified Johnson-Cook model for dynamic behavior of spray-deposition 17 vol.% SiCp/7055Al composites at high strain rates
Authors: Tang Binbin , Wang Haitao , Jin Peipeng , Jiang Xianquan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, the dynamic impact tests of spray-deposited 17 vol% SiCp/7055Al composites at various strain rates were performed with a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). In these tests, the strain rate was 392 s−1–2002 s−1, and the temperature was 293 K–623 K. Subsequently, the Johnson-Cook (JC) was used to describe the flow behaviors under high speed impact deformation, and its effectiveness was assessed. Results show that the stress values predicted by the JC model could be inconsistent with the experimental ones. A modified JC constitutive model of 17 vol% SiCp/7055Al composites was developed by modifying the strain rate hardening term and considering coupling effects of strain, temperature and strain rate. According to the comparison between the experimental data and the results assessed with the modified JC model, the proposed model could assess the stress-strain values more accurately, especially in the beginning of plastic deformation. This indicates that the composites exert the joint effects of strain rate hardening and temperature softening during high-speed impact deformation.
Synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite from fly ash and its adsorption of phenol, quinoline and indole in aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Yong , Lu Hao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This work tries to synthesize ZSM-5 zeolite using fly ash (FA) by hydrothermal method and study the adsorption effect of the zeolite on phenol, quinoline and indole in aqueous solution. The zeolites were characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The characterization results showed that HZSM-5 zeolite was successfully synthesized. The higher mass ratio of sodium carbonate to fly ash during melting is beneficial to improve the purity of ZSM-5 zeolite and its removal rate of organic matters. These results have been confirmed by XRD and principal component analysis (PCA). The adsorption process of phenol, quinoline and indole in aqueous can be well described with the double exponential kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of ZSM-5 zeolite for phenol, quinoline and indoles can be up to 24.41 mg g−1, 35.99 mg l−1 and 34.05 mg g−1 respectively, and the removal rates can reach up to 82.80%, 84.86% and 83.20% respectively. The optimal pH value for adsorption ranges from 5 to 7.
Frailty status predicts futility of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in older adults
Authors: Ibitoye Sarah E , Rawlinson Sadie , Cavanagh Andrew , Phillips Victoria , Shipway David J H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aim
To determine if frailty is associated with poor outcome following in-hospital cardiac arrest; to find if there is a “frailty threshold” beyond which cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) becomes futile.

Methods
Retrospective review of patients aged over 60 years who received CPR between May 2017 and December 2018, in a tertiary referral hospital, which does not provide primary coronary revascularisation. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and Charlson Comorbidity Index were retrospectively assigned.

Results
Data for 90 patients were analysed, the median age was 77 (IQR 70-83); 71% were male; 44% were frail (CFS &gt; 4). Frailty was predictive of in-hospital mortality independent of age, comorbidity and cardiac arrest rhythm (OR 2.789 95% CI 1.145–6.795). No frail patients (CFS &gt; 4) survived to hospital discharge, regardless of cardiac arrest rhythm, whilst 13 (26%) of the non-frail (CFS ≤ 4) patients survived to hospital discharge. Of the 13 survivors (Age 72; range 61–86), 12 were alive at 1 year and had a good neurological outcome, the outcome for the remaining patient was unknown.

Conclusion
Frail patients are unlikely to survive to hospital discharge following in-hospital cardiac arrest, these results may facilitate clinical decision making regarding whether CPR may be considered futile. The Clinical Frailty Scale is a simple bedside assessment that can provide invaluable information when considering treatment escalation plans, as it becomes more widespread, larger scale observations using prospective assessments of frailty may become feasible.
Detecting destabilizing species in the phylogenetic backbone of Potentilla (Rosaceae) using low-copy nuclear markers
Authors: Persson Nannie L , Toresen Ingrid , Andersen Heidi Lie , Smedmark Jenny E E , Eriksson Torsten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe genus Potentilla (Rosaceae) has been subjected to several phylogenetic studies, but resolving its evolutionary history has proven challenging. Previous analyses recovered six, informally named, groups: the Argentea, Ivesioid, Fragarioides, Reptans, Alba and Anserina clades, but the relationships among some of these clades differ between data sets. The Reptans clade, which includes the type species of Potentilla, has been noticed to shift position between plastid and nuclear ribosomal data sets. We studied this incongruence by analysing four low-copy nuclear markers, in addition to chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal data, with a set of Bayesian phylogenetic and Multispecies Coalescent (MSC) analyses. A selective taxon removal strategy demonstrated that the included representatives from the Fragarioides clade, P. dickinsii and P. fragarioides, were the main sources of the instability seen in the trees. The Fragarioides species showed different relationships in each gene tree, and were only supported as a monophyletic group in a single marker when the Reptans clade was excluded from the analysis. The incongruences could not be explained by allopolyploidy, but rather by homoploid hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting or taxon sampling effects. When P. dickinsii and P. fragarioides were removed from the data set, a fully resolved, supported backbone phylogeny of Potentilla was obtained in the MSC analysis. Additionally, indications of autopolyploid origins of the Reptans and Ivesioid clades were discovered in the low-copy gene trees.
Interactive visualization and analysis of morphological skeletons of brain vasculature networks with VessMorphoVis
Authors: Abdellah Marwan , Guerrero Nadir Román , Lapere Samuel , Coggan Jay S , Keller Daniel , Coste Benoit , Dagar Snigdha , Courcol Jean-Denis , Markram Henry , Schürmann Felix 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Accurate morphological models of brain vasculature are key to modeling and simulating cerebral blood flow in realistic vascular networks. This in silico approach is fundamental to revealing the principles of neurovascular coupling. Validating those vascular morphologies entails performing certain visual analysis tasks that cannot be accomplished with generic visualization frameworks. This limitation has a substantial impact on the accuracy of the vascular models employed in the simulation.

Results
We present VessMorphoVis, an integrated suite of toolboxes for interactive visualization and analysis of vast brain vascular networks represented by morphological graphs segmented originally from imaging or microscopy stacks. Our workflow leverages the outstanding potentials of Blender, aiming to establish an integrated, extensible and domain-specific framework capable of interactive visualization, analysis, repair, high-fidelity meshing and high-quality rendering of vascular morphologies. Based on the initial feedback of the users, we anticipate that our framework will be an essential component in vascular modeling and simulation in the future, filling a gap that is at present largely unfulfilled.

Availability and implementation
VessMorphoVis is freely available under the GNU public license on Github at https://github.com/BlueBrain/VessMorphoVis. The morphology analysis, visualization, meshing and rendering modules are implemented as an add-on for Blender 2.8 based on its Python API (application programming interface). The add-on functionality is made available to users through an intuitive graphical user interface, as well as through exhaustive configuration files calling the API via a feature-rich command line interface running Blender in background mode.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Finding the direct optimal RNA barrier energy and improving pathways with an arbitrary energy model
Authors: Takizawa Hiroki , Iwakiri Junichi , Terai Goro , Asai Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Motivation
RNA folding kinetics plays an important role in the biological functions of RNA molecules. An important goal in the investigation of the kinetic behavior of RNAs is to find the folding pathway with the lowest energy barrier. For this purpose, most of the existing methods use heuristics because the number of possible pathways is huge even if only the shortest (direct) folding pathways are considered.

Results
In this study, we propose a new method using a best-first search strategy to efficiently compute the exact solution of the minimum barrier energy of direct pathways. Using our method, we can find the exact direct pathways within a Hamming distance of 20, whereas the previous methods even miss the exact short pathways. Moreover, our method can be used to improve the pathways found by existing methods for exploring indirect pathways.

Availability and implementation
The source code and datasets created and used in this research are available at https://github.com/eukaryo/czno.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.