bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic transition in liquid Fe at P, T conditions: Implication for double-diffusive convection in Mercury’s dynamo.
Authors: Ezenwa Innocent , Yoshino Takashi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A double-diffusive model demonstrated that Mercury's dynamo is driven by thermochemical convection with thermal energy source deep in its core. Although radioactive elements concentrated in the core has been suggested as the source of the energy, arguments were made that there is no geochemical or geophysical validation for this. We report the temperature-dependent resistivity of solid and liquid Fe measured up to 21 GPa in multi anvil. With increasing pressure, we observe resistivity transition with a value change of about 35 µΩ-cm at the melting boundary on the liquid side at ~18 GPa. This change in resistivity corresponds to a change in thermal conductivity of about 30 Wm-1K-1 that would generate ~0.94 TW change in heat flux. This indicates that transition in Fe properties is responsible for thermal buoyancy in Mercury's dynamo and not radioactive materials. From the entropy balance, we estimate a thermal dynamo power of about 0.1 TW.
The XZZX surface code
Authors: Ataides J. Bonilla , Tuckett David , Bartlett Stephen , Flammia Steven , Brown Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We show that a variant of the surface code—the XZZX code—oﬀers remarkable performance for fault-tolerant quantum computation. The error threshold of this code matches what can be achieved with random codes (hashing) for every single-qubit Pauli noise channel; it is the ﬁrst explicit code shown to have this universal property. We present numerical evidence that the threshold even exceeds this hashing bound for an experimentally relevant range of noise parameters. Focusing on the common situation where qubit dephasing is the dominant noise, we show that this code has a practical, high-performance decoder and surpasses all previously known thresholds in the realistic setting where syndrome measurements are unreliable. We go on to demonstrate the favorable sub-threshold resource scaling that can be obtained by specializing a code to exploit structure in the noise. We show that it is possible to maintain all of these advantages when we perform fault-tolerant quantum computation. We ﬁnally suggest some small-scale experiments that could exploit noise bias to reduce qubit overhead in two-dimensional architectures
Risk factors of severe adult-onset asthma: a multi-factor approach
Authors: Toppila-Salmi Sanna , Lemmetyinen Riikka , Chanoine Sebastien , Karjalainen Jussi , Pekkanen Juha , Bousquet Jean , Siroux Valérie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

The aim was to identify risk factors of severe adult-onset asthma.

Methods

We used data from 1350 population-based asthmatics (Adult Asthma in Finland) with adult-onset asthma (age range 31-93 years) from Finnish national registers. Severe asthma was defined as self-reported severe asthma AND asthma symptoms causing much harm AND regular impairment AND (≥1 oral corticosteroid course/year OR regular oral corticosteroids OR wake up in the night due to asthma symptoms/wheezing attach ≥ a few times/month). Sixteen covariates covering several domains (personal characteristics, education, life-style, early life factors, asthma characteristics and multimorbidities) were selected based on literature and were studied in association with severe asthma using logistic regressions.

Results

The study population included 100 (7.4%) individuals with severe asthma. In a univariate analysis, severe asthma was associated with male sex, age, low education, no professional training, ever smoking, ≥ 2 siblings, ≥ 1 chronic comorbidity and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) -exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) (p<0.05); and trends for association (p<0.2) were observed for severe childhood infection, presence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and being the 1 st child. The 10 variables (being 1 st child was removed due to multicolinearity) were thus entered in a multivariate regression model and severe asthma was significantly associated with male sex (OR [CI95%] = 1.96 [1.16-3.30]), ever smoking (1.98 [1.11-3.52]), chronic comorbidities (2.68 [1.35-5.31]), NERD (3.29 [1.75-6.19]), and ≥ 2 siblings (2.51 [1.17-5.41]). There was a dose-response effect of the total sum of these five factors on severe asthma (OR [CI95%] = 2.30 [1.81-2.93] for each increase of one unit of the score).

Conclusions

Male sex, smoking, NERD, comorbidity, age and number of siblings were independent risk factors for self-reported severe asthma. The effects of these factors seem to be additive; each additional risk factor gradually increase with the risk of severe asthma.
Ruling Out COVID-19 by Chest CT at Emergency Admission When Prevalence is Low - The Prospective, Observational SCOUT Study
Authors: Teichgräber Ulf , Malouhi Amer , Ingwersen Maja , Neumann Rotraud , Reljic Marina , Deinhardt-Emmer Stefanie , Löffler Bettina , Behringer Wilhelm , Lewejohann Jan-Christoph , Stallmach Andreas , Reuken Philipp 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: It is essential to avoid admission of patients with undetected corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to hospitals’ general wards. Even repeated negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results do not rule-out COVID-19 with certainty. The study aimed to evaluate a rule-out strategy for COVID-19 using chest computed tomography (CT) in adults being admitted to the emergency department and suspected of COVID-19.Methods: In this prospective, single centre, diagnostic accuracy cohort study, consecutive adults (≥ 18 years) presenting with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or previous contact to infected individuals, admitted to the emergency department and supposed to be referred to general ward were included in March and April 2020. All participants underwent low-dose chest CT. RT-PCR- and specific antibody tests were used as reference standard. Main outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity of chest CT. Predictive values were calculated based on the theorem of Bayes using Fagan’s nomogram.Results: Of 165 participants (56.4% male, 71± 16 years) included in the study, the diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed with RT-PCR and AB tests in 13 participants (prevalence 7.9%). Sensitivity and specificity of chest CT were 84.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.6-98.1) and 94.7% (95% CI, 89.9-97.7), respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratio of chest CT were 16.1 (95% CI, 7.9-32.8) and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.05-0.58) and positive and negative predictive value were 57.9% (95% CI, 40.3-73.7) and 98.6% (95% CI, 95.3-99.6), respectively.Conclusion: At a low prevalence of COVID-19, chest CT chest-CT could be used as a complement to repeated RT-PCR testing for early COVID-19 exclusion in adults with suspected infection before referral to hospital’s general wards.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04357938 April 22, 2020
Therapeutic Prediction of HIV-1 DNA Decay: A Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Yue Yongsong , Li Yijia , Cui Yizhi , Wang Nidan , Huang Yunda , Cao Wei , Han Yang , Zhu Ting , Lyu Wei , Xie Jing , Song Xiaojing , Li Yanling , Wang Tong , Zhu Tuofu , Li Taisheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Factors predicting peripheral blood total HIV-1 DNA size in chronically infected patients with successfully suppressed viremia remain unclear. Prognostic power of such factors are of clinical significance for making clinical decisions.Methods: Total HIV-1 DNA in blood at baseline, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 288 weeks after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation in 607 treatment-naïve patients with chronic HIV-1 infection were quantified. Generalized estimating equations and logistic regression methods were used to derive and validate a predictive model of total HIV-1 DNA after 96 weeks of cART.Results: The total HIV-1 DNA rapidly decreased from baseline [mean = 3.04 log10 copies/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)] to week 24 (mean = 2.51 log10 copies/106 PBMCs), and leveled off afterwards. Of the 490 patients who had successful HIV-1 RNA suppression by 96 w post-cART, 92 (18.8%) had a low total HIV-1 DNA count (<100 copies/106 PBMCs) at week 96. In the predictive model, lower baseline total HIV-1 DNA [risk ratio (RR) = 0.08, per 1 log10 copies/106 PBMCs, P < 0.001] and higher baseline CD4+ T cell count (RR = 1.72, per 100 cells/μL, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with a low total HIV-1 DNA count at week 96. In an independent cohort of 117 patients, this model achieved a sensitivity of 75.00% and specificity of 69.52%.Conclusions: The derived model based on baseline total HIV-1 DNA and CD4+ T cell count provides a useful prognostic tool in predicting HIV-1 DNA reservoir control during cART.
The Effective Trends and Driving Forces in The Future of Research Performance Evaluation Based on Scoping Review and Interview
Authors: Sanee Nadia , Nemati-Anaraki Leila , Sedghi Shahram , Chakoli Abdolreza Noroozi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this qualitative study, the trends analysis based on scoping review and interview used to identify the driving forces affecting the future of research performance evaluation. MAXQDA version 10 and thematic analysis were used to analyze the interviews and documents. The social trends included the research social impact, the social development of society, increasing researchers’ awareness of the research evaluation importance, lack of research culture in society, the gender gap in society, and employing human resources. The technological trends were the development of information and communication technology, scientometric indicators, and open science. The economic trends and driving forces included not emphasize on the oil economy merely, research grant, economic evaluation of research, and research budget. The environmental trends and driving forces were increased emphasis on green information, using the green environment components in research institutes, and a favorable organizational environment. The political trends and driving factors included scientific diplomacy, a country's domestic policy, war and political sanctions, research performance evaluation system, optimal research policy, and increased research collaboration. The results showed that various social, technological, economic, environmental, and political factors and indicators must be included and normalized in the national and international research performance evaluation system.
A sex stratified long-term clinical outcome analysis in Coronary chronic total occlusion patients
Authors: Gong Xuhe , Zhou Li , Ding Xiaosong , Chen Hui , li hongwei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Differences in outcomes for women and men after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients remain controversial. Herein, we compared the clinical outcomes by sex in CTO patients undergoing PCI.Methods: A total of 563 consecutive patients (19% women) who were diagnosed with CTO at a single center in China from June 2017 to December 2019 were included in this study. 300 patients were revascularized by PCI and 263 were not revascularized. The clinical outcomes of these patients stratified by sex were examined. The primary endpoints included the risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE); the secondary endpoint was cardiac death; Hazard ratios were generated using multivariable Cox regression.Results: Women represented 19% of the cohort (107/563 patients). Women have lower mean body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference compared with men, however, the proportion of hypertension, diabetes, and previous coronary heart disease is higher in female patients. At 2-year follow up, there were no differences between men and women for MACCE (15.8% vs 20.6%, p=0.234) and cardiac death (3.1% vs 5.6%, p=0.202). Predictors of CTO recanalization revealed that Age＜65years, absence of prior CABG, no history of DM and non-triple vessel were predictors of CTO recanalization. Sex did not predict recanalization in this regression model. Successful CTO PCI was associated with reduced MACCE.Conclusion: Our study suggests an equal benefit of CTO recanalization with a marked reduction in MACCE in women and men alike. Further dedicated studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Global Distribution, Host Range and Prevalence of Trypanosoma Vivax: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fetene Eyerusalem , Leta Samson , Regassa Fikru , Büscher Philippe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax is one of the diseases threatening the health and productivity of livestock in Africa and Latin America. T. vivax is mainly transmitted by tsetse flies; however, the parasite has acquired the ability to be also transmitted mechanically by hematophagous dipterans. Understanding its distribution, host range and prevalence is a key step in local and global efforts to control the disease. Methods The study was conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A systematic literature search was conducted on three search engines, namely Pubmed, Scopus and CAB Direct, to identify all publications reporting natural infection of T. vivax across the world. All the three search engines were screened using the search term Trypanosome vivax without time and language restrictions. Publications on T. vivax that met our inclusion criteria were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis. Result The study provides a global database of T. vivax, consisting of 899 records from 245 peer reviewed articles in 41 countries. A total of 232,6277 tests were performed on 97 different mammalian hosts, including a wide range of wild animals. Natural infections of T. vivax were recorded in 39 different African and Latin American countries and 47 mammalian host species. All the 245 articles were included into the qualitative analysis, while information from 186 cross-sectional studies was used in the quantitative analysis mainly to estimate the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence estimates of T. vivax in buffalo, cattle, dog, dromedary camel, equine, pig, small ruminant and wild animals were 30.6%, 6.4%, 2.6%, 8.4%, 3.7%, 5.5%, 3.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Stratified according to the diagnostic method, the highest pooled prevalences were found with serological techniques in domesticated buffalo (57.6%) followed by equine (50.0%) and wild animals (49.3%).Conclusion The study provides a comprehensive dataset on the geographical distribution and host range of T. vivax and demonstrates the potential of this parasite to invade other countries out of Africa and Latin America.
A Longitudinal Study of Parasitosis With Genotypes of Theileria Orientalis in Calves and Introduced Cattle at Dorrigo, New South Wales, and the Effect on Weight Gains.
Authors: Emery David , Wang Shaojing , Loo Chantelle , Shirley Chris 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In regions with endemic Theileria orientalis, recovered cattle are carriers, leaving newborn calves and introduced stock as the most susceptible groups to develop clinical disease after tick infestation. Methods: To gain information on the kinetics of infestation and development and effects of parasitosis by virulent Theilerial genotypes ikeda and chitose and the “benign” genotype, buffeli, this study sampled at total of 150 calves from 3 farms in Dorrigo, Australia, a region with multiple genotypes of the parasite. In addition, 30 introduced beef weaners were bled and weighed for 6 months after arrival. Results: In both cohorts, parasitosis with the T.orientalis ikeda and chitose (genotypes 1 & 2) occurred within 3-4 weeks in >95% of the groups, with maximal gene copies generated around 5-7 weeks after birth or introduction, before declining. In contrast, parasitosis with T.orientalis buffeli (genotype 3), increased slowly, with around 80% of the population testing positive by PCR after 4 months. The parasitosis with the buffeli genotype did not exceed 40000 gene copies /ul and was similar to those exhibited by ikeda and chitose genotypes following the “first wave of parasitaemia” as cattle entered the carrier state. In the 30 introduced weaners, the early parasitosis with T.orientalis ikeda and chitose also caused significant reductions in haematocrit and incurred around 20Kg loss in weight gain; the latter had not been recovered by 6 months after introduction. Conclusions: The results support previous findings in other endemic regions of Theileriosis, but imply that amelioration of the early high levels of parasitosis by the virulent genotypes could reduce the initial impact of Theileriosis on production, which appears much less affected once animals enter the carrier state.
MicroRNA-27a-3p Relives Inflammation and Neurologic Impairment after Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion via Inhibiting LITAF and the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Luo Jing , Li Junjie , Xiong Li , Fan Linna , Peng Lijia , Yang Yuan , Lu Di , Shao Jianlin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) affects microRNA (miR) expression and causes substantial inflammation. Here, we investigated the influence and underlying mechanism of miR-27-3p in rats with CIR.Methods: Cerebral ischemia reperfusion was built by tMCAO. Rats were randomly divided into Sham group, brain ischemic reperfusion (IR) group, brain ischemic reperfusion transfected with NC group, brain ischemic reperfusion transfected with miR-27a-3p mimic group, brain ischemic reperfusion transfected with miR-27a-3p inhibitor group and brain ischemic reperfusion transfected with miR-27a-3p mimic and Litaf mimic group. The relationship between miR-27a-3p and Litaf was verified via qRT-PCR and luciferase assays. The cellular distribution of Litaf was determined via double immunofluorescence. The effect of miR-27a-3p on the expression of Litaf, TLR4, NF-κB and IL-6 was evaluated using synthetic miR-27a-3p mimic and inhibitor. The level of Nissl’s body in each group was detected by Nissl’s staining. The infarct in each group was evaluated by TTC staining.Results: Firstly, BV treatment relieves cerebral infarction and decreases the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Through our previous study, we found key microRNA mR-27a-3p and its targeted gene Litaf might involve in the molecular mechanism of CIR. Then, the regulation between miR-27a-3p and Litaf was verified by the temporal miR-27a-3p and Litaf expression profiles and luciferase assay. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of the miR-27a-3p mimic significantly decreased the Litaf, TLR4, NF-κB and interleukin (IL)-6 levels and the double-labeled cell count 24 h post-surgery, whereas miR-27a-3p inhibitor reversed these effects. Furthermore, miR-27a-3p mimic could relive cerebral infarct and neurologic deficit after CIR. In addition, injection of miR-27a-3p mimic decreased neuronal damage induced by CIR.Conclusions: Increasing miR-27-3p levels protect against CIR by relieving inflammation, neuronal damage and neurologic deficit by inhibiting LITAF and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Pulmonary benign ground-glass nodules: CT features and pathological findings
Authors: Li Wang-jia , Lv Fa-jin , Tan Yi-wen , Fu Bin-jie , Chu Zhigang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Some pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) are benign and frequently misdiagnosed due to lack of understanding of their CT characteristics. This study aimed to reveal the CT features and corresponding pathological findings of pulmonary benign GGNs to help improve diagnostic accuracy.Methods: From March 2016 to October 2019, patients with benign GGNs confirmed by operation or follow-up were enrolled retrospectively. According to overall CT manifestations, GGNs were classified into three types: I, GGO with internal high-attenuation zone; II, nodules lying on adjacent blood vessels; and other type, lesions without obvious common characteristics. CT features and pathological findings of each nodule type were evaluated.Results: Among the 40 type I, 25 type II, and 14 other type GGNs, 24, 19, and 10 nodules were resected, respectively. Type I GGNs were usually irregular with only one high-attenuation zone (main pathological components: thickened alveolar walls with inflammatory cells, fibrous tissue, and exudation), which was usually centric, having blurred margin, and connecting to blood vessels. The peripheral GGO (main pathological component: a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration with fibrous tissue proliferation) was usually ill-defined. Type II GGNs (main pathological components: focal interstitial fibrosis with or without inflammatory cells infiltration) lying on adjacent vessel branches were usually irregular and well-defined, but showed coarse margins. Other type GGNs had various CT manifestations but their pathological findings were similar to that of type II.Conclusion: For subsolid nodules with CT features manifested in type I or II GGNs, follow-up should be firstly considered in further management.
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-mediated T-DNA Insertional Mutagenesis of Fusarium Oxysporum
Authors: Feng Zeqing , He Dan , Gao Song , Han Shuaishuai , Wei Yunyun , Wang Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFusarium species are important pathogenic organisms, which can cause many diseases in plants and humans. Characterizing the mechanism underlying their pathogenicity and drug resistance is critical. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation has been widely used for the molecular analysis of many species. ResultsIn this study, we constructed the pXEN recombinant plasmid carrying the neomycin phosphatase II gene (neo) and established a simple and efficient procedure for the transformation of resistant Fusarium oxysporum mediated by A. tumefaciens. The transformation efficiency was as high as 250 mutants per 104 conidia. A total of 1,450 stably transformed mutants were generated, resulting in a small-scale library of F. oxysporum mutants containing T-DNA tags. Some of the mutants exhibited phenotypic changes in growth, metabolism, and development. Additionally, the sequences flanking the inserted T-DNA were obtained by touchdown-TAIL PCR, the insertion sites and genes associated with the phenotypic changes could be determined.ConclusionsThe developed method may enable to analyze gene functions and study biological characteristics, which will lay the foundation for future analyses of the mechanism underlying F. oxysporum pathogenicity and resistance. Furthermore, it may be applicable to investigations of other important pathogenic fungi.