bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 3 Archean (>2.6 Ga) and Paleoproterozoic (2.5–1.8 Ga), pre- and syn-orogenic magmatism, sedimentation and mineralization in the Norrbotten and Överkalix lithotectonic units, Svecokarelian orogen
Authors: Bergman Stefan , Weihed Pär 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two lithotectonic units (the Norrbotten and Överkalix units) occur inside the Paleoproterozoic (2.0–1.8 Ga) Svecokarelian orogen in northernmost Sweden. Archean (2.8–2.6 Ga and possibly older) basement, affected by a relict Neoarchean tectonometamorphic event, and early Paleoproterozoic (2.5–2.0 Ga) cover rocks constitute the pre-orogenic components in the orogen that are unique in Sweden. Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, predominantly felsic volcanic rocks, and both spatially and temporally linked intrusive rock suites, deposited and emplaced at 1.9–1.8 Ga, form the syn-orogenic component. These magmatic suites evolved from magnesian and calc-alkaline to alkali–calcic compositions to ferroan and alkali–calcic varieties in a subduction-related tectonic setting. Apatite–Fe oxide, including the world's two largest underground Fe ore mines (Kiruna and Malmberget), skarn-related Fe oxide, base metal sulphide, and epigenetic Cu–Au and Au deposits occur in the Norrbotten lithotectonic unit. Low- to medium-pressure and variable temperature metamorphic conditions and polyphase Svecokarelian ductile deformation prevailed. The general northwesterly or north-northeasterly structural grain is controlled by ductile shear zones. The Paleotectonic evolution after the Neoarchean involved three stages: (1) intracratonic rifting prior to 2.0 Ga; (2) tectonic juxtaposition of the lithotectonic units during crustal shortening prior to 1.89 Ga; and (3) accretionary tectonic evolution along an active continental margin at 1.9–1.8 Ga.
Chapter 2 Regional context and lithotectonic framework of the 2.0–1.8 Ga Svecokarelian orogen, eastern Sweden
Authors: Stephens Michael B. , Bergman Stefan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Six separate lithotectonic units, referred to from north to south as the Överkalix, Norrbotten, Bothnia–Skellefteå, Ljusdal, Bergslagen and Småland units, are identified inside the western part of the 2.0–1.8 Ga Svecokarelian orogen, Fennoscandian Shield, Sweden. Apart from the boundary between the Norrbotten and Bothnia–Skellefteå lithotectonic units in northern Sweden, which is defined on the basis of a change in crustal basement from Neoarchean (and possibly older) in the NE (Norrbotten) to juvenile Paleoproterozoic crust further south (Bothnia–Skellefteå), all the boundaries are defined by shear zones or combinations of zones that, in places, form broader shear belts up to several tens of kilometres thick. The identification of lithotectonic units provides a necessary foundation for a more detailed synthesis of the tectonic evolution of the 2.0–1.8 Ga orogeny in northern Europe, emphasizing in particular the allochthoneity between most of these units inside this part of the orogen.
Chapter 6 Paleoproterozoic (1.9–1.8 Ga) syn-orogenic magmatism, sedimentation and mineralization in the Bergslagen lithotectonic unit, Svecokarelian orogen
Authors: Stephens Michael B. , Jansson Nils F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Felsic volcanic rocks (
c.
1.91–1.89 Ga) and interlayered limestone, hosting Zn–Pb–Ag ± Cu ± Au ± Fe sulphide and Fe oxide deposits, characterize the Bergslagen lithotectonic unit, Svecokarelian orogen, south-central Sweden. Three sulphide mines are currently in operation. Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks stratigraphically envelop this volcanic succession and all the rocks are intruded by a dominant calc-alkaline,
c.
1.91–1.87 Ga plutonic suite. Fabric development associated with folding and localized shear deformation followed at
c.
1.87–1.86 Ga (D
1
) and was succeeded by strongly partitioned strain (D
2
). Dextral transpression along steeply dipping, WNW–ESE or NW–SE shear zones prevailed in the northern and southern domains, whereas major folding with east to northeasterly axial surface traces and shearing along limbs occurred in the central domain. Open folding (D
3
) subsequently affected the western areas. Polyphase metamorphism under low-pressure and variable temperature conditions included anatexis at
c.
1.86 Ga (M
1
) and 1.84–1.80 Ga (M
2
). More alkali–calcic magmatic activity, combined with the emplacement of anatectic granite and pegmatite, overlapped and succeeded the M
1
and M
2
migmatization events at
c.
1.87–1.83 Ga and
c.
1.82–1.75 Ga, respectively. The younger granites are genetically linked in part to W skarn deposits and host Mo sulphide mineralization. Switching between retreating and advancing subduction systems during three separate tectonic cycles along a convergent, active continental plate margin is inferred.
Chapter 16 Polyphase (1.6–1.5 and 1.1–1.0 Ga) deformation and metamorphism of Proterozoic (1.7–1.1 Ga) continental crust, Idefjorden terrane, Sveconorwegian orogen
Authors: Bergström Ulf , Stephens Michael B. , Wahlgren Carl-Henric 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Crust generated during an accretionary orogeny at 1.66–1.52 Ga (Gothian), and later during crustal extension at
c.
1.51–1.49,
c.
1.46,
c.
1.34–1.30 Ga and after
c.
1.33 Ga, dominate the Idefjorden terrane. Metamorphism under greenschist to, locally, high-pressure granulite facies, emplacement of syn-orogenic pegmatite and granite, and polyphase deformation followed at 1.05–1.02 Ga (Agder tectonothermal phase, Sveconorwegian orogeny). Sinistral transpressive deformation, including foreland-directed thrusting, preceded top-to-the-west movement and large-scale open folding along north–south axial trends during the younger orogeny. Crustal extension with emplacement of dolerite and lamprophyre dykes, norite–anorthosite, and a batholithic granite took place at
c.
0.95–0.92 Ga (Dalane phase, Sveconorwegian orogeny). Ductile shear zones divide the Idefjorden terrane into segments distinguished by the character of the Gothian crustal component. Orthogneisses with
c.
1.66 and
c.
1.63–1.59 Ga protoliths occur in the Median segment;
c.
1.59–1.52 Ga gneissic intrusive rocks and 1.6 Ga paragneisses with relicts of Gothian deformation and migmatization at
c.
1.59 Ga and at
c.
1.56–1.55 Ga occur in the Western segment. Mineral resources include stratabound Cu–Fe sulphides hosted by sandstone deposited after
c.
1.33 Ga, and polymetallic quartz vein mineralization locally containing Au.
Chapter 15 Polyphase (1.9–1.8, 1.5–1.4 and 1.0–0.9 Ga) deformation and metamorphism of Proterozoic (1.9–1.2 Ga) continental crust, Eastern Segment, Sveconorwegian orogen
Authors: Stephens Michael B. , Wahlgren Carl-Henric 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The Eastern Segment in the Sveconorwegian orogen comprises Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic magmatic suites, which formed along an active continental margin, and Mesoproterozoic suites emplaced during intracratonic extension. Zn–Pb sulphide and Fe oxide mineralizations in 1.9 Ga metavolcanic rocks form a significant mineral resource cluster in the northeastern part. Deformation and metamorphism under low-pressure (≤5 kbar) and variable-temperature conditions, including anatexis and granulite facies, prevailed during 1.9–1.8 Ga (Svecokarelian) and 1.5–1.4 Ga (Hallandian) accretionary orogenies. Sveconorwegian tectonothermal reworking initiated at
c.
0.99–0.98 Ga in structurally lower levels. Crustal shortening, underthrusting with eclogite facies metamorphism (18 kbar), exhumation by eastwards thrusting (D
1
) during continued shortening and high-pressure granulite (8–12 kbar) to upper amphibolite facies metamorphism prevailed. Anatexis and folding around east–west axial surfaces with west-northwesterly constrictional strain (D
2
) followed at
c.
0.98–0.95 Ga, being consanguineous with crustal extension. Structurally higher levels, northwards and eastwards, consist of high-pressure (10–12 kbar) orthogneisses, not affected by anatexis but also showing polyphase deformation. Sveconorwegian convergence ceased with upright folding along north–south axial surfaces and, in the uppermost frontal part, greenschist facies shearing with top-to-the-foreland normal followed by reverse displacement after 0.95 Ga. The normal shearing detached the upper compartment from the underlying gneisses.
Chapter 8 Outboard-migrating accretionary orogeny at 1.9–1.8 Ga (Svecokarelian) along a margin to the continent Fennoscandia
Authors: Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

An intimate lithostratigraphic and lithodemic connection between syn-orogenic rock masses inside the different lithotectonic units of the 2.0–1.8 Ga (Svecokarelian) orogen, Sweden, is proposed. A repetitive cyclic tectonic evolution occurred during the time period
c.
1.91–1.75 Ga, each cycle lasting about 50–55 million years. Volcanic rocks (
c.
1.91–1.88 Ga) belonging to the earliest cycle are host to most of the base metal sulphide and Fe oxide deposits inside the orogen. Preservation of relict trails of continental magmatic arcs and intra-arc basins is inferred, with differences in the depth of basin deposition controlling, for example, contrasting types of base metal sulphide deposits along different trails. The segmented geometry of these continental magmatic arcs and intra-arc basins is related to strike-slip movement along ductile shear zones during transpressive events around and after 1.88 Ga; late orogenic folding also disturbed their orientation on a regional scale. A linear northwesterly orogenic trend is suggested prior to this structural overprint, the strike-slip movement being mainly parallel to the orogen. A solely accretionary orogenic model along an active margin to the continent Fennoscandia, without any trace of a terminal continent–continent collision, is preferred. Alternating retreating and advancing subduction modes that migrated progressively outboard and southwestwards in time account for the tectonic cycles.
Chapter 23 Swedish Caledonides: key components of an early–middle Paleozoic Himalaya-type collisional orogen
Authors: Gee David G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Caledonian collision of continents Laurentia and Baltica, with at least 1000 km of lateral shortening, dominates the bedrock along the northern margins of the North Atlantic Ocean. Scandian (Silurian–Devonian) underthrusting of Laurentia by Baltica resulted in stacking of the main orogenic wedge and its migration onto the platform edge of Baltica. Complementary thrust sheets, exposed in northeastern Greenland, telescoped the Laurentian continental margin. The Swedish part of the Caledonides, comprising the foreland segment along the central half of this mountain belt, includes the key components of: (1) the Baltoscandian inner margin, including Ordovician and Silurian foreland basins; (2) the Neoproterozoic extended outer margin dominated by mafic magma and continent–ocean transition zone; (3) Iapetus oceanic terranes; and (4) evidence that substantial parts of the outermmost Baltoscandian margin experienced deep subduction and high- and ultrahigh-pressure (HP/UHP) metamorphism during late Cambrian–Ordovician accretion. This evidence, integrated with the Norwegian Caledonides, defines an orogenic pro-wedge comparable to that in the Himalaya today. Orthogonal Scandian collision, lasting for about 60 million years (
c.
440–380 Ma), involved late Silurian–Early Devonian HP/UHP metamorphism of the underthrusting Baltoscandian basement. By the Middle Devonian, the hinterland was experiencing orogen-parallel folding and axial extension, accompanying exhumation, while the orogenic pro-wedge continued to migrate eastwards on to the platform.
Nature and origin of collapse breccias in the Zechstein of NE England: local observations with cross-border petroleum exploration and production significance, across the North Sea
Authors: Daniels S. E. , Tucker M. E. , Mawson M. J. , Holdsworth R. E. , Long J. J. , Gluyas J. G. , Jones R. R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hydrocarbon reservoirs hosted in Permian strata were some of the first to have been discovered in Europe. With discoveries in the Zechstein carbonates of Norway in recent years, and with exploration of Zechstein prospects both onshore and offshore UK, as well as in Dutch, Danish and Norwegian offshore sectors, understanding the architecture of the Zechstein carbonates remains very relevant. Here we study outcrops of Roker Formation carbonates (Z2, Ca2) in NE England to better understand geological processes associated with deformation following evaporite dissolution, with implications for exploration and production.

Collapse of Z2 Roker Formation strata in NE England, following the dissolution of
c.
100 m or more of the Z1 Hartlepool Anhydrite, resulted in fundamental changes to the architecture of the succession. Complete dissolution of the anhydrite removed an effective regional seal and dramatically enhanced matrix and fracture permeability of the overlying Roker Formation. The collapsed Roker Formation can be vertically divided into three zones, based upon the degree of deformation. The lower zone and vertical collapse-breccia pipes that can extend across all zones have the highest permeabilities. The process of collapse was gradual, with local variations in the degree of brecciation. We derive a schematic sequence of collapse, recognizing the impact of mechanical barriers within the succession in retarding deformation up-section and it is this that ultimately leads to the vertical zonation.

Timing of evaporite dissolution is poorly constrained: it could have occurred soon after deposition, at the end of the Permian or during Tertiary uplift. It is known that evaporite dissolution has occurred offshore, with the oil fields Auk and Argyll (UK Central North Sea) given as examples of dissolution collapse-brecciated reservoirs. Reservoir quality is typically improved, with both matrix and fracture porosity and permeability enhanced. Complete evaporite dissolution could in some cases lead to the potential breach of the seal.
Risk of Osteoporosis in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Using Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants or Warfarin
Authors: Huang Huei‐Kai , Liu Peter Pin‐Sung , Hsu Jin‐Yi , Lin Shu‐Man , Peng Carol Chiung‐Hui , Wang Jen‐Hung , Yeh Jih‐I , Loh Ching‐Hui 
Published: January 2020

Background

Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, has been shown to affect bone mineral density and cause osteoporosis. However, studies investigating the relationship between non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (
NOAC
s) and osteoporosis are limited. We thus compared the risk of osteoporosis in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with either
NOAC
s or warfarin.

Methods and Results

This nationwide, retrospective cohort study used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. All adult patients in Taiwan who were newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and treated with
NOAC
s or warfarin between January 2012 and December 2015 were included and classified into their respective cohorts. Patients who received
NOAC
s were subcategorized into the rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban subgroups. Propensity score matching was performed for each head‐to‐head comparison. Adjusted hazard ratios (
aHR
s) for the risk of osteoporosis were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, with adjustment for confounders. Overall, 17 008 patients were included, with 8504 in each cohort.
NOAC
s were associated with a lower osteoporosis risk than warfarin (
aHR
=0.82; 95% CI=0.68–0.97). A subgroup effect of treatment duration was identified (namely, the lower osteoporosis risk with
NOAC
compared with warfarin became stronger in those with longer treatment duration [
P
for interaction <0.001]). Furthermore, significantly lower risks of osteoporosis were observed in the rivaroxaban (
aHR
=0.68; 95%
CI
=0.55–0.83) and apixaban (
aHR
=0.38; 95%
CI
=0.22–0.66) subgroups, but not in the dabigatran subgroup (
aHR
=1.04; 95%
CI
=0.85–1.27).

Conclusions
Compared with warfarin, rivaroxaban and apixaban were associated with a significantly lower risk of osteoporosis in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Impact of Ocean–Atmosphere Current Feedback on Ocean Mesoscale Activity: Regional Variations and Sensitivity to Model Resolution
Authors: Jullien Swen , Masson Sébastien , Oerder Véra , Samson Guillaume , Colas François , Renault Lionel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOcean mesoscale eddies are characterized by rotating-like and meandering currents that imprint the low-level atmosphere. Such a current feedback (CFB) has been shown to induce a sink of energy from the ocean to the atmosphere, and consequently to damp the eddy kinetic energy (EKE), with an apparent regional disparity. In a context of increasing model resolution, the importance of this feedback and its dependence on oceanic and atmospheric model resolution arise. Using a hierarchy of quasi-global coupled models with spatial resolutions varying from 1/4° to 1/12°, the present study shows that the CFB induces a negative wind work at scales ranging from 100 to 1000 km, and a subsequent damping of the mesoscale activity by ~30% on average, independently of the model resolution. Regional variations of this damping range from ~20% in very rich eddying regions to ~40% in poor eddying regions. This regional modulation is associated with a different balance between the sink of energy by eddy wind work and the source of EKE by ocean intrinsic instabilities. The efficiency of the CFB is also shown to be a function of the surface wind magnitude: the larger the wind, the larger the sink of energy. The CFB impact is thus related to both wind and EKE. Its correct representation requires both an ocean model that resolves the mesoscale field adequately and an atmospheric model resolution that matches the ocean effective resolution and allows a realistic representation of wind patterns. These results are crucial for including adequately mesoscale ocean–atmosphere interactions in coupled general circulation models and have strong implications in climate research.
Outcomes Assessment of Multi-Level Sleep Surgery in Syndromic Versus Non-Syndromic Children
Authors: Munawar Suqrat , Marston Alexander P. , Patel Terral , Nguyen Shaun A. , White David R. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Analyze the differences in length of stay, cost, disposition, and demographics between syndromic and non-syndromic children undergoing multi-level sleep surgery. Methods: Children with sleep disordered breathing or obstructive sleep apnea that had undergone sleep surgeries were isolated from the 1997 to 2012 editions of the Kids’ Inpatient Database, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Children were then classified as syndromic or non-syndromic and stratified by level of sleep surgery (tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy plus other site surgery, other site surgery). Length of stay and cost were reported with Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance, disposition with binomial logistic regression, and demographics with chi-square. Results: Syndromic children compared to non-syndromic children were more likely to have surgery beyond just tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy and also had a longer length of stay, higher total cost and non-routine disposition (all P < .001). Syndromic children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy plus other site surgery had a longer length of stay compared to syndromic children undergoing tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy (6.00 days vs 3.63 days, P < .001). However, no similar statistically significant difference in length of stay was found in non-syndromic children (2.01 days vs 2.87 days, P > .05). Conclusion: The potential risks/benefits need to be weighed carefully before undertaking sleep surgery in syndromic children. They experience a longer length of stay, higher cost, and non-routine disposition when compared to non-syndromic children. This is especially true when considering the transition from tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy to tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy plus other site surgery, as syndromic children experience a longer length of stay and non-syndromic children do not.
Social Policy since Rousseff: Misrepresentation and Marginalization
Authors: Lavinas Lena , Gentil Denise 
Published: January 2020

The objectives of this article are (1) to characterize the Brazilian social context in the pre- and postimpeachment periods of President Dilma Rousseff and to interpret the direction of the so-called Temer reforms and their impact on the deepening and generalization of the financialization process of the Brazilian economy; (2) to highlight the low complementarity of macroeconomic policy with regards to social policy in these two periods; (3) to envision potential scenarios with the election of an ultraliberal right-wing government regarding the economy and an ultraconservative government regarding values and morals, pointing out redistribution challenges. Este artigo tem por objetivo (1) caracterizar o contexto social brasileiro no pré e pós-impeachment da Presidente Dilma Rousseff e interpretar a direção das chamadas reformas da gestão Temer e seu impacto no aprofundamento e generalização do processo de financeirização da economia brasileira, alterando a função da política social; (2) traduzir a baixa complementariedade da política macroeconômica para com a política social nesses dois períodos; (3) sinalizar cenários prováveis do enfrentamento redistributivo com a eleição de um governo de direita de perfil ultraliberal na economia e ultraconservador nos valores e costumes, apontando os desafios para redistribuição.
Can plants be considered a building service?
Authors: Gubb Curtis , Blanusa Tijana , Griffiths Alistair , Pfrang Christian 
Published: January 2020

Plants are utilised in many forms within indoor environments, from simple houseplants to complex and species-rich green walls. Plants offer multi-faceted services indoors including pollutant removal and reductions in building energy consumption. This review firstly identifies – by critical assessment of the literature – pollutants which are currently measured at harmful concentrations indoors – classifying them as ‘2019’s priority pollutants’ and providing thorough health assessments of each. Secondly, the authors present which indoor plants have been shown to effectively remove ‘2019’s priority pollutants’ and direct future research onto any that have not been investigated. Thirdly, the authors consolidate the current research presenting why plants should be considered a building service. Practical application: Plants are commonly used inside indoor environments. However, the benefits they bring are often overstated. This review paper looks to consolidate the current academic research on the various services plants can provide indoors including pollutant removal and relative humidity regulation. The authors hope that the paper can be used to inform and educate building service engineers and alike on the current state of play concerning indoor plants.