bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Kinetic Determination of Four Flavor Enhancers in Foods with the Aid of Chemometrics
Authors: Ni Yongnian , Chen Jinfeng , Kokot Serge 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of four ﬂavor enhancers—maltol, ethyl maltol, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin—in food samples. The method was based on the reduction of iron(III) by the four analytes in a sulfuric acid medium (0.012 mol/L), and the subsequent interaction of iron(II) with hexacyanoferrate(III) to form the strongly colored Prussian blue complex, which exhibited an absorption maximum at 800 nm. The optimized method had linear calibrations over the concentration ranges of 0.2–2.8 mg/L for maltol, ethyl maltol, and vanillin, as well as 0.2–1.8 mg/L for ethyl vanillin; the corresponding detection limits were 0.07, 0.07, 0.06, and 0.06 mg/L, respectively. Calibration models were constructed from the original and frst-derivative spectral data with the use of partial least-squares (PLS) and principal component regression chemometrics methods. Ultimately, the proposed analytical procedure was successively applied for the determination of the four compounds in commercial food samples with the use of a PLS calibration based on the frst-derivative spectral data. The results were comparable with those from a reference HPLC method.
Development and Application of a Validated Stability-Indicating High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method Using Photodiode Array Detection for Simultaneous Determination of Granisetron, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Sodium Benzoate, and Their Main Degradation Products in Oral
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Hewala Ismail , El-Fatatry Hamed , Emam Ehab , Mabrouk Mokhtar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple, rapid, and sensitive RP-HPLC method using photodiode array detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of granisetron hydrochloride, 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (the main degradation product of granisetron), sodium benzoate, methylparaben, propylparaben, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (the main degradation product of parabens) in granisetron oral drops and solutions. The separation of the compounds was achieved within 8 min on a SymmetryShield RP18 column (100 × 4.6 mm id, 3.5 μm particle size) using the mobile phase acetonitrile—0.05 M KH2PO4 buffered to pH 3 using H3PO4 (3+7, v/v). The photodiode array detector was used to test the purity of the peaks, and the chromatograms were extracted at 240 nm. The method was validated, and validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. The robust method was successfully applied to the determination of granisetron and preservatives, as well as their degradation products in different batches of granisetron oral drops and solutions. The method proved to be sensitive for determination down to 0.04% (w/w) of granisetron degradation product relative to granisetron and 0.03% (w/w) 4-hydroxybenzoic acid relative to total parabens.
Pliocene–Early Pleistocene Geological Events Structure Pacific Martens (Martes caurina)
Authors: Schwartz Michael K , Walters Ashley D , Pilgrim Kristine L , Moriarty Katie M , Slauson Keith M , Zielinski William J , Aubry Keith B , Sacks Benjamin N , Zarn Katherine E , Quinn Cate B , Young Michael K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe complex topography, climate, and geological history of Western North America have shaped contemporary patterns of biodiversity and species distributions in the region. Pacific martens (Martes caurina) are distributed along the northern Pacific Coast of North America with disjunct populations found throughout the Northwestern Forested Mountains and Marine West Coast Forest ecoregions of the West Coast. Martes in this region have been classified into subspecies; however, the subspecific designation has been extensively debated. In this study, we use genomic data to delineate conservation units of Pacific marten in the Sierra-Cascade-Coastal montane belt in the western United States. We analyzed the mitochondrial genome for 94 individuals to evaluate the spatial distribution and divergence times of major lineages. We further genotyped 401 individuals at 13 microsatellite loci to investigate major patterns of population structure. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA suggest substantial genetic substructure concordant with historical subspecies designations. Our results revealed that the region contains 2 distinct mitochondrial lineages: a Cascades/Sierra lineage that diverged from the Cascades/coastal lineage 2.23 (1.48–3.14 mya), consistent with orogeny of the Cascade Mountain chain. Interestingly, Pacific Martes share phylogeographic patterns similar with other sympatric taxa, suggesting that the complex geological history has shaped the biota of this region. The information is critical for conservation and management efforts, and further investigation of adaptive diversity is warranted following appropriate revision of conservation management designations.
Dynamics of the localization of the plastid terminal oxidase inside the chloroplast
Authors: Bolte Susanne , Marcon Elodie , Jaunario Mélanie , Moyet Lucas , Paternostre Maité , Kuntz Marcel , Krieger-Liszkay Anja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) is a plastohydroquinone:oxygen oxidoreductase that shares structural similarities with alternative oxidases (AOXs). Multiple roles have been attributed to PTOX, such as involvement in carotene desaturation, a safety valve function, participation in the processes of chlororespiration, and setting the redox poise for cyclic electron transport. PTOX activity has been previously shown to depend on its localization at the thylakoid membrane. Here we investigate the dynamics of PTOX localization dependent on the proton motive force. Infiltrating illuminated leaves with uncouplers led to a partial dissociation of PTOX from the thylakoid membrane. In vitro reconstitution experiments showed that the attachment of purified recombinant maltose-binding protein (MBP)–OsPTOX to liposomes and isolated thylakoid membranes was strongest at slightly alkaline pH values in the presence of lower millimolar concentrations of KCl or MgCl2. In Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)–PTOX, confocal microscopy images showed that PTOX formed distinct spots in chloroplasts of dark-adapted or uncoupler-treated leaves, while the protein was more equally distributed in a network-like structure in the light. We propose a dynamic PTOX association with the thylakoid membrane depending on the presence of a proton motive force.
ABAS1 from soybean is a 1R-subtype MYB transcriptional repressor that enhances ABA sensitivity
Authors: Ku Yee-Shan , Ni Meng , Muñoz Nacira B , Xiao Zhixia , Lo Annie Wing-Yi , Chen Pei , Li Man-Wah , Cheung Ming-Yan , Xie Min , Lam Hon-Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) help plants respond to environmental stresses by regulating gene expression. Up till now, studies on the MYB family of TFs have mainly focused on the highly abundant R2R3-subtype. While the less well-known 1R-subtype has been generally shown to enhance abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity by acting as transcriptional activators, the mechanisms of their functions are unclear. Here we identified an ABA sensitivity-associated gene from soybean, ABA-Sensitive 1 (GmABAS1), of the 1R-subtype of MYB. Using the GFP-GmABAS1 fusion protein, we demonstrated that GmABAS1 is localized in the nucleus, and with yeast reporter systems, we showed that it is a transcriptional repressor. We then identified the target gene of GmABAS1 to be Glyma.01G060300, an annotated ABI five-binding protein 3 and showed that GmABAS1 binds to the promoter of Glyma.01G060300 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Glyma.01G060300 and GmABAS1 exhibited reciprocal expression patterns under osmotic stress, inferring that GmABAS1 is a transcriptional repressor of Glyma.01G060300. As a further confirmation, AtAFP2, an orthologue of Glyma.01G060300, was down-regulated in GmABAS1-transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, enhancing the plant’s sensitivity to ABA. This is the first time a 1R-subtype of MYB from soybean has been reported to enhance ABA sensitivity by acting as a transcriptional repressor.
The Pristine survey – X. A large population of low-metallicity stars permeates the Galactic disc
Authors: Sestito Federico , Martin Nicolas F , Starkenburg Else , Arentsen Anke , Ibata Rodrigo A , Longeard Nicolas , Kielty Collin , Youakim Kristopher , Venn Kim A , Aguado David S , Carlberg Raymond G , González Hernández Jonay I , Hill Vanessa , Jablonka Pascale , Kordopatis Georges , Malhan Khyati , Navarro Julio F , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén , Thomas Guillame , Tolstoy Eline , Wilson Thomas G , Palicio Pedro A , Bialek Spencer , Garcia-Dias Rafael , Lucchesi Romain , North Pierre , Osorio Yeisson , Patrick Lee R , Peralta de Arriba Luis 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The orbits of the least chemically enriched stars open a window on the formation of our Galaxy when it was still in its infancy. The common picture is that these low-metallicity stars are distributed as an isotropic, pressure-supported component since these stars were either accreted from the early building blocks of the assembling Milky Way (MW), or were later brought by the accretion of faint dwarf galaxies. Combining the metallicities and radial velocities from the Pristine and LAMOST surveys and Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motions for an unprecedented large and unbiased sample of 1027 very metal poor stars at [Fe/H] ≤ −2.5 dex, we show that this picture is incomplete. We find that $31{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the stars that currently reside spatially in the disc ($|Z| \le 3{\rm \, kpc}$) do not venture outside of the disc plane throughout their orbit. Moreover, this sample shows strong statistical evidence (at the 5.0σ level) of asymmetry in their kinematics, favouring prograde motion. The discovery of this population implies that a significant fraction of stars with iron abundances [Fe/H] ≤ −2.5 dex merged into, formed within, or formed concurrently with the MW disc and that the history of the disc was quiet enough to allow them to retain their disc-like orbital properties, challenging theoretical and cosmological models.
Mixed diversity of shifting IOD and El Niño dominates the location of Maritime Continent autumn drought
Authors: Hu Chundi , Lian Tao , Cheung Ho-Nam , Qiao Shaobo , Li Zhenning , Deng Kaiqiang , Yang Song , Chen Dake 
Published: February 2020

Summary
The Maritime Continent is a huge heat source region over the Indo-Pacific warm pool and it plays a key role in global weather/climate variations. The locations of Maritime Continent autumn droughts, linked to frequent rampant forest wildfires, are closely related to the mixed diversity of El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole events.
Predicting sleep apnea responses to oral appliance therapy using polysomnographic airflow
Authors: Vena Daniel , Azarbarzin Ali , Marques Melania , Op de Beeck Sara , Vanderveken Olivier M , Edwards Bradley A , Calianese Nicole , Hess Lauren B , Radmand Reza , Hamilton Garun S , Joosten Simon A , Taranto-Montemurro Luigi , Kim Sang-Wook , Verbraecken Johan , Braem Marc , White David P , Sands Scott A , Wellman Andrew 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Oral appliance therapy is an increasingly common option for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients who are intolerant to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Clinically applicable tools to identify patients who could respond to oral appliance therapy are limited.

Methods
Data from three studies (N = 81) were compiled, which included two sleep study nights, on and off oral appliance treatment. Along with clinical variables, airflow features were computed that included the average drop in airflow during respiratory events (event depth) and flow shape features, which, from previous work, indicates the mechanism of pharyngeal collapse. A model was developed to predict oral appliance treatment response (&gt;50% reduction in apnea–hypopnea index [AHI] from baseline plus a treatment AHI &lt;10 events/h). Model performance was quantified using (1) accuracy and (2) the difference in oral appliance treatment efficacy (percent reduction in AHI) and treatment AHI between predicted responders and nonresponders.

Results
In addition to age and body mass index (BMI), event depth and expiratory “pinching” (validated to reflect palatal prolapse) were the airflow features selected by the model. Nonresponders had deeper events, “pinched” expiratory flow shape (i.e. associated with palatal collapse), were older, and had a higher BMI. Prediction accuracy was 74% and treatment AHI was lower in predicted responders compared to nonresponders by a clinically meaningful margin (8.0 [5.1 to 11.6] vs. 20.0 [12.2 to 29.5] events/h, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
A model developed with airflow features calculated from routine polysomnography, combined with age and BMI, identified oral appliance treatment responders from nonresponders. This research represents an important application of phenotyping to identify alternative treatments for personalized OSA management.
Research translation for military and veteran health: research, practice, policy
Authors: Haibach Jeffrey P , Hoerster Katherine D , Dorflinger Lindsey , McAndrew Lisa M , Cassidy Daniel G , Goodrich David E , Bormann Jill E , Lowery Julie , Asch Steven M , Raffa Susan D , Moin Tannaz , Peterson Alan L , Goldstein Michael G , Neal-Walden Tracy , Talcott Gerald W , Hunter Christopher L , Knight Sara J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Military service presents unique challenges and opportunities for health care and public health. In the USA, there are over 2 million military servicemembers, 20 million veterans, and millions more military and veteran family members. Military servicemembers and eligible family members, many veterans, and retirees receive health care through the two largest learning health care systems in the USA, managed and delivered through the Departments of Defense (DoD), Veterans Affairs (VA), and contracted health care organizations. Through a network of collaborative relationships, DoD, VA, and partnering health care and research organizations (university, corporate, community, and government) accelerate research translation into best practices and policy across the USA and beyond. This article outlines military and veteran health research translation as summarized from a collaborative workshop led by experts across health care research, practice, and administration in DoD, VA, the National Institutes of Health, and affiliated universities. Key themes and recommendations for research translation are outlined in areas of: (a) stakeholder engagement and collaboration; (b) implementation science methods; and (c) funding along the translation continuum. Overall, the ability to rapidly translate research into clinical practice and policy for positive health outcomes requires collaborative relationships among many stakeholders. This includes servicemembers, veterans, and their families along with researchers, health care clinicians, and administrators, as well as policymakers and the broader population.
Anti-inflammatory Approach With Early Double Cytokine Blockade (IL-1β and TNF-α) Is Safe and Facilitates Engraftment in Islet Allotransplantation
Authors: Onaca Nicholas , Takita Morihito , Levy Marlon F. , Naziruddin Bashoo 
Published: February 2020

Background.
The approach to reducing nonspecific inflammation after islet allotransplantation has been designed to improve engraftment, typically using 1 agent. We report results with the use of combination inflammatory blockade consisting of anti-interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.

Methods.
Nine patients underwent islet allotransplantation under a prospective research protocol using double cytokine blockade with anti–TNF-α (etanercept, d 0, 3, 7, 10) and IL-1β (anakinra, d 0–7) at the time of each islet infusion. The primary endpoint, assessed 2 years after the last islet transplant, was the elimination of severe hypoglycemic events and hypoglycemia unawareness, with proper glycemic control, and detectable serum C-peptide.

Results.
No thrombotic events or infectious complications were associated with combined IL-1β and TNF-α blockade. Six patients became insulin independent, 2 had partial function, and 1 had primary nonfunction. After 24-month follow-up, 6 of 9 patients had excellent glycemic control, hemoglobin A1c ≤6.5%, and no episodes of hypoglycemia unawareness. Eight patients developed HLA alloantibodies at various time points (class 1, 5; class 2, 6), with enhanced T-cell alloreactivity. One patient retained good graft function despite having anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibodies.

Conclusions.
The use of double cytokine blockade is safe, with reduction of inflammation at transplantation and presumably with better engraftment. However, it does not influence later islet loss from T-cell–mediated autoimmunity and alloimmunity, which require other strategies to maintain long-term islet function.
Rhabdaerophilum calidifontis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a hot spring, and proposal of Rhabdaerophilaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Ming Yu-Zhen , Liu Lan , Xian Wen-Dong , Jiao Jian-Yu , Liu Ze-Tao , Li Meng-Meng , Xiao Min , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: February 2020

A novel thermotolerant bacterial strain was isolated from a hot spring in a Tibetan geothermal field. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed that it belongs to a distinct lineage far from any known taxa. The new isolate shared the highest pairwise sequence identity with

Phreatobacter cathodiphilus

S-12T (92.8 % similarity) according to the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and formed white round colonies. The strain grew at the ranges of 28–45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 5.0–7.0 (optimum, pH 6.0) and 0–2 % NaCl. The strain was positive for catalase and oxidase. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. Polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c). The DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. Based on these distinguishing properties, this strain is proposed to represent a new species of a new genus Rhabdaerophilum calidifontis gen. nov., sp. nov., within a new family Rhabdaerophilaceae fam. nov. The type strain of the type species of Rhabdaerophilum calidifontis is SYSU G02060T (=KCTC 72351T=CGMCC 1.17070T).
Networks of information token recurrences derived from genomic sequences may reveal hidden patterns in epidemic outbreaks: A case study of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus
Authors: Luczak-Roesch Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProfiling the genetic evolution and dynamic spreading of viruses is a crucial task when responding to epidemic outbreaks. We aim to devise novel ways to model, visualise and analyse the temporal dynamics of epidemic outbreaks in order to help researchers and other people involved in crisis response to make well-informed and targeted decisions about from which geographical locations and time periods more genetic samples may be required to fully understand the outbreak. Our approach relies on the application of Transcendental Information Cascades to a set of temporally ordered nucleotide sequences, and we apply it to real-world data that was collected during the currently ongoing outbreak of the novel 2019-nCoV coronavirus. We assess information-theoretic and network-theoretic measures that characterise the resulting complex network and identify touching points and temporal pathways that are candidates for deeper investigation by geneticists and epidemiologists.
The Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, is Highly Contagious and More Infectious Than Initially Estimated
Authors: Sanche Steven , Lin Yen Ting , Xu Chonggang , Romero-Severson Ethan , Hengartner Nick , Ke Ruian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a recently emerged human pathogen that has spread widely since January 2020. Initially, the basic reproductive number, R0, was estimated to be 2.2 to 2.7. Here we provide a new estimate of this quantity. We collected extensive individual case reports and estimated key epidemiology parameters, including the incubation period. Integrating these estimates and high-resolution real-time human travel and infection data with mathematical models, we estimated that the number of infected individuals during early epidemic double every 2.4 days, and the R0 value is likely to be between 4.7 and 6.6. We further show that quarantine and contact tracing of symptomatic individuals alone may not be effective and early, strong control measures are needed to stop transmission of the virus.One-sentence summaryBy collecting and analyzing spatiotemporal data, we estimated the transmission potential for 2019-nCoV.
Tumor Phylogeny Topology Inference via Deep Learning
Authors: Azer Erfan Sadeqi , Ebrahimabadi Mohammad Haghir , Malikić Salem , Khardon Roni , Sahinalp S. Cenk 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPrincipled computational approaches for tumor phylogeny reconstruction via single-cell sequencing typically aim to build the most likely perfect phylogeny tree from the noisy genotype matrix - which represents genotype calls of single-cells. This problem is NP-hard, and as a result, existing approaches aim to solve relatively small instances of it through combinatorial optimization techniques or Bayesian inference. As expected, even when the goal is to infer basic topological features of the tumor phylogeny - rather than reconstructing the topology entirely, these approaches could be prohibitively slow. In this paper, we introduce fast deep-learning solutions to the problems of inferring whether the most likely tree has a linear (chain) or branching topology and whether a perfect phylogeny is feasible from a given genotype matrix. We also present a reinforcement learning approach for reconstructing the most likely tumor phylogeny. This preliminary work demonstrates that data-driven approaches can reconstruct key features of tumor evolution.