bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends of sulfur levels in soils of northwestOhio(USA) between 2002 and 2014
Authors: Michalovicz Leandro , Dick Warren A. , Tormena Cassio A. , Müller Marcelo M. L. , Cervi Eduardo C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSulfur (S) is an essential nutrient for plant growth. Despite increasing reports of yield responses of crops to S fertilization, there is limited information about changes in the soil test concentrations of S. This study used a soil chemical analysis dataset from 2002 to 2014 to evaluate changes in soil S and other nutrient levels. The soil‐test database comprised 8,428 topsoil samples (0–20 cm depth layer) collected from 143 farm fields located in the northwest (NW) Ohio counties of Defiance, Paulding, and Williams. Except for S, the database showed no significant changes in soil chemical properties from NW Ohio between 2002 and 2014. Soil sulfate (SO42−) levels have linearly decreased by 63% from 2002 to 2014, reaching the range of concentration considered deficient for the main cereal crops. With no changes in soil organic matter (SOM) and pH, this result was attributed primarily to enactment of air quality regulations, since soil SO42−decreases were directly correlated with the reductions of SO2emissions (−70%), SO42−in rainwater (−66%) and deposited (−52%) in NW Ohio between the years of 2002–2013. Furthermore, combined increasing crop yields and insufficient compensation by fertilization had role on decreasing soil SO42−levels. Current fertilization practices and wet deposition of S have not been sufficient to balance S removals from soil leading to the declines in the soil test S levels. It is imperative to paid more attention to practices that maintain soil S fertility levels to avoid yield penalties associated with soil S deficiencies.
Functional Heterochain Polymers Constructed by Alkyne Multicomponent Polymerizations
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Han Ting , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeterochain polymers such as DNA and proteins are abundant in nature, but they are not ubiquitous in man‐made polymers due to the synthetic difficulties. Traditional polymerization methodologies including chain polymerization, step‐growth polymerization, and coordination polymerization all show obvious drawbacks in synthesizing heterochain polymers. The alkyne multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) developed in the early 2000s open a new door for the synthesis of conjugated heterochain polymers with diverse structures and unique properties. This review presents the progress in novel heterochain polymers constructed by alkyne‐based MCPs in the last three years. The unique properties and high‐tech applications brought by heteroatoms and MCPs are summarized and perspectives on future directions are also discussed.
Evolution of microstructure and room temperature tensile properties in aluminum‐bearing high strength steel processed by ultrafast cooling
Authors: Liu X. , Chen J. , Li G. , Liu Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn aluminum‐bearing high strength steel with relatively high precipitation hardening was fabricated by lowering coiling temperature to 627 °C. The influence of coiling temperature on microstructure evolution and precipitation behavior was comprehensively investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, electron back‐scatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Both yield strength and tensile strength can be increased by around 100 MPa through decreasing coiling temperature to 627 °C, whereas there is nearly no deterioration in ductility. In addition, The grain boundary precipitation of (Fe, Cr, Mn)xCy‐type carbides can be effectively suppressed by lowering coiling temperature. Regardless of coiling temperature, both interphase precipitation consisting of curved and planar shape and random precipitation can be observed. Moreover, the sheet spacing can be refined from 29 nm–47 nm to 18 nm–27 nm by lowering coiling temperature from 721 °C to 627 °C. This small sheet spacing provides a greater precipitation hardening. Compared with a coiling temperature of 721 °C, the precipitation hardening can be increased by around 100 MPa for a coiling temperature of 627 °C.
Concept of energy efficient technological system: Machine tool – cutting tool – workpiece
Authors: Murčinková Z. , Vasilko K. , Živčák J. , Murčinko J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study deals with the concept of increasing energy efficiency by means of decreasing the energetic losses by using advanced composite machine tool components and interfaces characterized by low friction, and high wear resistance. Moreover, this study provides experimental results of damping property measurements and characteristic time domain curves of the fibre, particle, and sandwich composites, underlining the advantages of such composite types in terms of dynamic loading. Furthermore, it provides an analysis on the usage of thin films (coatings) and energy consumption in terms of cutting conditions. The study analyses the cutting tool geometry and shape of cutting edge that positively affect the cutting forces and chip flow direction, and avoid the energy‐intensive restricted cutting effect. Respecting the results of the analyses of mentioned effects contributes to increasing the energy efficiency of the machine tool‐cutting tool‐workpiece system.
Iodine quantification in limited angle tomography
Authors: Michielsen Koen , Rodríguez‐Ruiz Alejandro , Reiser Ingrid , Nagy James G. , Sechopoulos Ioannis 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo develop and test the feasibility of a two‐pass iterative reconstruction algorithm with material decomposition designed to obtain quantitative iodine measurements in digital breast tomosynthesis.MethodsContrast‐enhanced mammography has shown promise as a cost‐effective alternative to magnetic resonance imaging for imaging breast cancer, especially in dense breasts. However, one limitation is the poor quantification of iodine contrast since the true three‐dimensional lesion shape cannot be inferred from the two‐dimensional (2D) projection. Use of limited angle tomography can potentially overcome this limitation by segmenting the iodine map generated by the first‐pass reconstruction using a convolutional neural network, and using this segmentation to restrict the iodine distribution in the second pass of the reconstruction. To evaluate the performance of the algorithms, a set of 2D digital breast phantoms containing targets with varying iodine concentration was used. In each breast phantom, a single simulated lesion with a random size (4 to 8 mm) was placed in a random location within each phantom, with the iodine distribution defined as either homogeneous or rim‐enhanced and blood iodine concentration set between 1.4 and 5.6 mg/mL. Limited angle projection data of these phantoms were simulated for wide and narrow angle geometries, and the proposed reconstruction and segmentation algorithms were applied.ResultsThe median Dice similarity coefficient of the segmented masks was 0.975 for the wide angle data and 0.926 for the narrow angle data. Using these segmentations during the second reconstruction pass resulted in an improvement in the concentration estimates (mean estimated‐to‐true concentration ratio, before and after second pass: 48% to 73% for wide angle; 30% to 73% for narrow angle), and a reduction in the coefficient of variation of the estimates (55% to 27% for wide angle; 54% to 35% for narrow angle).ConclusionWe demonstrate that the proposed two‐pass reconstruction can potentially improve accuracy and precision of iodine quantification in contrast‐enhanced tomosynthesis.
Field‐to‐field coupled fluid structure interaction: A reduced order model study
Authors: Tello Alexis , Codina Ramon 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe standard Fluid‐Structure Interaction (fsi) coupling, that uses as unknowns velocity and pressure for the fluid and displacements for the solid, is compared against two novel types of coupling, the first one a three‐field coupling (velocity‐pressure‐stress/displacement‐pressure‐stress) introduced by the authors in a recent work, and a two‐field coupling (velocity‐pressure/displacement‐pressure) introduced in this paper, in this way completing our set of Field to Field (f2f) equations, all stabilized by means of the Variational Multi‐Scale (vms) method using dynamic and orthogonal subscales. The solid two‐field fsi coupling formulation is benchmarked statically and dynamically. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (pod) is applied to all three fsi formulations to obtain reduced basis and asses their performance in a reduced space. Numerical tests are shown comparing all three formulations. By correctly resolving the Cauchy stress tensor, the three‐field fsi coupling proves to provide more accurate results in both Full Order Model (fom) and Reduced Order Model (rom) spaces than its counterparts for a similar number of degrees of freedom, making it a reliable formulation. f2f pairing appears to be beneficial, providing more accurate results in all cases shown; mixed pairing with a three‐field formulation in the solid appears to produce very precise results as well.
Examining the experience of childbirth and its predictors among women who have recently given birth
Authors: Khalife‐Ghaderi Faeze , Amiri‐Farahani Leila , Haghani Shima , Hasanpoor‐Azghady Syedeh Batool 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to examine the experience of childbirth and its predictors among women who have recently given birth.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study was conducted on 225 women at 22 Bahman Hospital in Khaf City, Iran. The samples were selected by the continuous sampling method from August to November 2018. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, fertility information, pregnancy experience scale, satisfaction from birth environment inventory and the childbirth experience questionnaire.ResultsThe mean score of childbirth experience was 55.73. According to the regression model, the husband's education, receiving regular care during pregnancy, the person giving birth, presence of a companion, receiving spinal anaesthesia, perineal conditions, being uplifted and hassled about the pregnancy and satisfaction with the birth environment were the predictors of childbirth experience. The regression model showed 39.8% of the change in outcome variable was predicted by independent variables.
On the analysis of a kind of nonlinear Sobolev equation through locally applied pseudo‐spectral meshfree radial point interpolation
Authors: Abbasbandy Saeid , Shivanian Elyas , AL‐Jizani Khalid Hammood 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we develop an approximate formulation for two‐dimensional nonlinear Sobolev problems by focusing on pseudospectral meshless radial point interpolation (PSMRPI) which is a kind of locally applied radial basis function interpolation and truthfully a meshless approach. In the PSMRPI method, the nodal points do not need to be regularly distributed and can even be quite arbitrary. It is easy to have high order derivatives of unknowns in terms of the values at nodal points by constructing operational matrices. The convergence and stability of the technique in some sense are studied via some examples to show the validity and trustworthiness of the PSMRPI technique.
Rigid Scaffolds: Synthesis of 2,6‐Bridged Piperazines with Functional Groups in all three Bridges
Authors: Gao Donglin , Penno Christian , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe activity of pharmacologically active compounds can be increased by presenting a drug in a defined conformation, which fits exactly into the binding pocket of its target. Herein, the piperazine scaffold was conformationally restricted by substituted C2‐ or C3‐bridges across the 2‐ and 6‐position. At first, a three‐step, one‐pot procedure was developed to obtain reproducibly piperazine‐2,6‐diones with various substituents at the N‐atoms in high yields. Three strategies for bridging of piperazine‐2,6‐diones were pursued: 1. The bicyclic mixed ketals 8‐benzyl‐6‐ethoxy‐3‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐6‐(trimethylsilyloxy)‐3,8‐diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane‐2,4‐diones were prepared by Dieckmann analogous cyclization of 2‐(3,5‐dioxopiperazin‐2‐yl)acetates. 2. Stepwise allylation, hydroboration and oxidation of piperazine‐2,6‐diones led to 3‐(3,5‐dioxopiperazin‐2‐yl)propionaldehydes. Whereas reaction of such an aldehyde with base provided the bicyclic alcohol 9‐benzyl‐6‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐3,9‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐2,4‐dione in only 10 % yield, the corresponding sulfinylimines reacted with base to give N‐(2,4‐dioxo‐3,9‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐6‐yl)‐2‐methylpropane‐2‐sulfinamides in >66 % yield. 3. Transformation of a piperazine‐2,6‐dione with 1,4‐dibromobut‐2‐ene and 3‐halo‐2‐halomethylprop‐1‐enes provided 3,8‐diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane‐2,4‐dione and 3,9‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐2,4‐dione with a vinyl group at the C2‐ or a methylene group at the C3‐bridge, respectively. Since bridging via sulfinylimines and the one‐pot bridging with 3‐bromo‐2‐bromomethylprop‐1‐ene gave promising yields, these strategies will be exploited for the synthesis of novel receptor ligands bearing various substituents in a defined orientation at the carbon bridge
Simultaneous enhancement of dielectric and mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene/nitrile rubber/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites prepared by dynamic vulcanization
Authors: Zheng Minzhen , Chen Xiaochuan , Cheng Huibin , Cao Changlin , Qian Qingrong , Yu Dingshan , Chen Xudong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolymer dielectric composites, which possess high dielectric and loss suppression with excellent mechanical properties, are of crucial importance in practical applications. Herein, high‐density polyethylene/nitrile rubber/multiwalled carbon nanotube (HDPE/NBR/MWCNT) composites were fabricated by the dynamic vulcanization (DV) technique. The effect of DV on the structure and properties of HDPE/NBR/MWCNTs was systematically investigated. The results illustrate that the DV technique combines the advantages of the crosslinked phase and melt processability of thermoplastics. With the increase of dicumyl peroxide content, the dielectric permittivity and the mechanical properties clearly increase, due to a better compatibility and dispersibility achieved by DV. More importantly, a continuous decrease of dielectric loss and conductivity are observed with the increase of dicumyl peroxide content. These can probably be assigned to the combination of better dispersion and slower chain mobility of the NBR phase induced by crosslinking. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Development of PLGA‐PEG‐COOH and Gelatin‐Based Microparticles Dual Delivery System and E‐Beam Sterilization Effects for Controlled Release of BMP‐2 and IGF‐1
Authors: Bai Yan , Moeinzadeh Seyedsina , Kim Sungwoo , Park Youngbum , Lui Elaine , Tan Hua , Zhao Weiling , Zhou Xiaobo , Yang Yunzhi Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐carboxyl (PLGA‐PEG‐COOH) and gelatin‐based microparticles (MPs) dual delivery system for release of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is developed. The delivery system is characterized based on its morphology, loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics. The effects of electron beam (EB) sterilization on BMP‐2 and IGF‐1‐loaded MPs and their biological effects are examined. The synergistic effect of a controlled dual release of BMP‐2 and IGF‐1 on osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is evaluated. Encapsulation efficiency of growth factors into gelatin and PLGA‐PEG‐COOH MPs is in the range of 64.78% to 76.11%. E‐beam sterilized growth factor delivery systems are effective in significantly promoting osteogenesis of MSCs, although E‐beam sterilization decreases the bioactivity of growth factors in MPs by ≈22%. BMP‐2 release behavior from gelatin MPs/PEG hydrogel shows a faster release (52.7%) than that of IGF‐1 from the PLGA‐PEG‐COOH MPs/PEG hydrogel (27.3%). The results demonstrate that the gelatin and PLGA‐PEG‐COOH MPs‐based delivery system can realize temporal release of therapeutic biomolecules by incorporating different growth factors into distinct microparticles. EB sterilization is an accessible method for sterilizing growth factors‐loaded carriers, which can pave the way for implementing growth factor delivery in clinical applications.
Corporate cash holdings and monetary shocks: A test of the credit channel theory
Authors: Deng Yiling , Yao Haibo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of monetary shocks on corporate cash holdings before the 2008 financial crisis. We find evidence supporting the credit channel theory that industrial firms increase cash holdings when monetary policy is unexpectedly tightened. The impact is more pronounced for financially constrained, high managerial compensation incentives, domestic firms, and during recession. Furthermore, we examine the structural increase in cash holdings in the 2000s, we find that industrial firms continuously increase cash holdings when monetary policy is persistently and unexpectedly tightened, which overweighs the reversal effect of monetary policy.
Complement modulation reverses pathology in Y402H-retinal pigment epithelium cell model of age-related macular degeneration by restoring lysosomal function
Authors: Cerniauskas Edvinas , Kurzawa-Akanbi Marzena , Xie Long , Hallam Dean , Moya-Molina Marina , White Kathryn , Steel David , Doherty Mary , Whitfield Phil , Al-Aama Jumana , Armstrong Lyle , Kavanagh David , Lambris John D. , Korolchuk Viktor I. , Harris Claire , Lako Majlinda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, which is characterized by loss of central vision, affecting one in three people by the age of 75. The Y402H polymorphism in the complement factor H (CFH) gene significantly increases the risk of AMD. We show that Y402H-AMD-patient-specific retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are characterized by a significant reduction in the number of melanosomes, an increased number of swollen lysosome-like-vesicles with fragile membranes, Cathepsin D leakage into drusen-like deposits and reduced lysosomal function. The turnover of C3 is increased significantly in high-risk RPE cells, resulting in higher internalization and deposition of the terminal complement complex C5b-9 at the lysosomes. Inhibition of C3 processing via the compstatin analogue Cp40 reverses the disease phenotypes by relieving the lysosomes of their overburden and restoring their function. These findings suggest that modulation of the complement system represents a useful therapeutic approach for AMD patients associated with complement dysregulation.

Significance statement Currently, there is no treatment for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which comprises the majority of AMD pathology. In a collaborative effort, this study describes a novel link between uncontrolled complement activation and autophagy-lysosome axis, which is caused by increased deposition of the terminal attack complex C5b-9 at the lysosomes, leading to their overburdening and malfunction. Using an inhibitor of C3 processing, Cp40, this study shows that all the disease phenotypes are reversed, relieving the lysosomes of their overburden and restoring their function. These findings suggest that modulation of the complement system represents a useful therapeutic approach for AMD patients associated with complement dysregulation.
Cellulose‐Reinforced Starch Biocomposite: Optimization of the Effects of Filler and Various Plasticizers using Design–Expert Method
Authors: Shahmaleki Mostafa , Beigmohammadi Faranak , Movahedi Farnaz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effect of cellulose as a reinforcement agent and different ratio of glycerol/sorbitol as plasticizers to improve properties in starch biocomposite are optimized with Design–Expert method for the first time. Thermoplastic starch granule is produced with plasticized and cellulose‐reinforced starch by a twin extruder. After conditioning, the starch granule, is molded into sheet using a hot press with thick plates. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis show that cellulose increases the glass transition temperature to 120 °C. Optimum point of the starch composite obtained by Design–Expert software 7.1.5, is run with 5 wt% cellulose, 17.5 wt% glycerol and 17.5wt% sorbitol that has water vapor permeability value equally of 7.81E‐10g s−1m−1Pa−1, tensile strength of 0.85 MPa, Young´s modulus equally of 377.65 MPa, and elongation at break of 7.08%. Field emission scanning electron microscopy of the optimized biocomposite shows uniform distribution of cellulose in the matrix. Hydroxyl stretching vibrations at 3286 cm−1is a result of new hydrogen bonding between cellulose and starch molecules and peaks at 3366 and 1702 cm−1are attributed to glycerol and sorbitol, respectively in the Fourier transform infrared spectra.
Effect of cement additive on physical and mechanical properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer mortars
Authors: Kaya Mehmet , Köksal Fuat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGeopolymer mortars were produced by replacement of high calcium fly ash with cement at the percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 100%. Sodium hydroxide was used as the activator and sodium/binder ratios, by weight, were 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, and 20% in mortar mixtures. Some physical properties such as unit weight, water absorption, apparent porosity and ultrasound pulse velocity tests were performed on specimens kept in ambient temperature. Flexural and compressive strength tests were made on specimens kept in ambient temperature, and exposed to temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C for residual performances of mortars. After exposing of specimens to high temperatures, ultrasound pulse velocity and loss in weights were also determined for deterioration levels. An experimental design is also achieved to find optimum solutions for Na/binder and cement/fly ash ratios by using D‐optimal design method after establishing response surface models for compressive and flexural tensile strengths. The highest compressive strength of 35.65 MPa was obtained in mortar specimens containing 14% sodium at 20% cement replacement with fly ash. Similarly, residual strengths were observed higher than those of other mortar specimens at the same sodium and cement replacement ratios.