bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panax ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures: extraction and qualitative analysis
Authors: Dyshlyuk Lyubov , Dmitrieva Anastasia , Ivanova Svetlana , Golubtsova Yuliya , Ostroumov Lev 
Published: August 2020

Introduction. In recent years, scientists have been actively searching for medicinal plants containing biologically active substances with geroprotective properties to treat diseases of old age, in particular cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and others. Ginseng (Panax ginseng L.) is a promising source of geroprotective compounds. We aimed to select optimal parameters for extracting organic compounds from ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures and analyze their qualitative composition.
Study objects and methods. We studied ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures, as well as their extracts. Biologically active substances were extracted with 30 to 70% ethanol. Organic compounds were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The results for each plant were archived and analyzed for the presence of quercetin, mangiferin, luteolin, rutin, quercetin-2-D-glucoside, malvidin, as well as caffeic, cinnamic, ferulic, and sinapinic acids.
Results and discussion. We developed a procedure for screening solvents and performed a fractional qualitative analysis of biologically active substances extracted from ginseng. As a result, we established the optimal parameters for extracting biologically
active substances from the dried biomass of ginseng cultures. In all cases, temperature and the ratio of solvent to biomass were the same (50°C, 1:5). However, the extraction time and ethanol concentration differed, amounting to 60 min and 50% for callus cultures, 30 min and 60% for suspension cultures, and 60 min and 70% for root cultures. The qualitative analysis of organic compounds showed the presence of rutin (0.25), quercetin (0.75), and mangiferin (0.57), as well as caffeic and sinapinic acids in the extracts.
Conclusion. Our set of experiments to isolate biologically active substances from ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures resulted in selecting the optimal extraction parameters and analyzing the extracts for the presence of organic compounds.
The Links between Cardiovascular Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Leszek Jerzy , Mikhaylenko Elizaveta V. , Belousov Dmitrii M. , Koutsouraki Efrosini , Szczechowiak Katarzyna , Kobusiak-Prokopowicz Małgorzata , Mysiak Andrzej , Diniz Breno Satler , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: August 2020

:
The root cause of non-inherited Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unknown despite
hundreds of research studies performed to attempt to solve this problem. Since proper prophylaxis
remains the best strategy, many scientists have studied the risk factors that may affect AD development.
There is robust evidence supporting the hypothesis that cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
may contribute to AD progression, as the diseases often coexist. Therefore, a lack of well-defined
diagnostic criteria makes studying the relationship between AD and CVD complicated. Additionally,
inflammation accompanies the pathogenesis of AD and CVD, and is not only a consequence
but also implicated as a significant contributor to the course of the diseases. Of note, АроЕε4 is
found to be one of the major risk factors affecting both the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
According to genome wide association and epidemiological studies, numerous common risk factors
have been associated with the development of AD-related pathology. Furthermore, the risk of developing
AD and CVDs appears to be increased by a wide range of conditions and lifestyle factors:
hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, gut/oral microbiota,
physical activity, and diet. This review summarizes the literature and provides possible mechanistic
links between CVDs and AD.
Targeting S100B Protein as a Surrogate Biomarker and its Role in Various Neurological Disorders
Authors: Langeh Urvashi , Singh Shamsher 
Published: August 2020

:
Neurological disorders (ND) are the central nervous system (CNS) related complications
originated by enhanced oxidative stress, mitochondrial failure and overexpression of proteins
like S100B. S100B is a helix-loop-helix protein with the calcium-binding domain associated with
various neurological disorders through activation of the MAPK pathway, increased NF-kB expression
resulting in cell survival, proliferation and gene up-regulation. S100B protein plays a crucial
role in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Schizophrenia and epilepsy because
the high expression of this protein directly targets astrocytes and promotes neuroinflammation.
Under stressful conditions, S100B produces toxic effects mediated through receptor for advanced
glycation end products (AGE) binding. S100B also mediates neuroprotection, minimizes
microgliosis and reduces the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) but that are concentration-
dependent mechanisms. Increased level of S100B is useful for assessing the release of inflammatory
markers, nitric oxide and excitotoxicity dependent neuronal loss. The present review
summarizes the role of S100B in various neurological disorders and potential therapeutic measures
to reduce the prevalence of neurological disorders.
Essential Oils Downregulate Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Alloxan-Induced Diabetogenic Rats
Authors: E. ul Haq Muhammad , Akash Muhammad S.H. , Rehman Kanwal , Mahmood Malik H. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Hyperglycemia is associated with an elevated level of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that leads to nitrosative stress and exacerbates the progression of diabetic complications.

Method:
Present study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of essential oils (EOs) on increased serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) in diabetogenic rats. Diabetogenic rats were treated with EOs
separately and/or in combination at the dose of 100 mg/kg, orally for one month. Blood sampling was
done at the 1st, 15th and 30th day of the treatment period to investigate the effect of treatment on biomarkers of diabetic complications.

Results:
In diabetogenic rats, serum levels of NO, malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory
cytokines were significantly increased when compared with that of the control group. Whereas, diabetogenic
rats treated with EOs decreased serum levels of NO, MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokines
up to a significant extent when compared with that diabetogenic rats treated with the standard antidiabetic
drug. Moreover, EOs also increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and insulin secretion
from β-cells of pancreatic islets more efficiently when compared with that of diabetogenic rats. Additionally,
it was also found that EOs improved lipid profile and normal functions of kidney and liver as
compared to that of diabetogenic rats.

Conclusion:
Findings of this study indicate that EOs may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine levels by
modulating the expression of NO. EOs may also ameliorate the nitrosative stress and maintain glucose
homeostasis that are major culprits of diabetic complications.
Assessment of Antihyperglycemic Effect and Acute Toxicity of the Aqueous Scorzonera undulata Extract in Rats
Authors: Ajebli Mohammed , Amssayef Ayoub , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

Aim:
The current study was carried out in order to assess the antihyperglycemic effect of
Scorzonera undulata (S. undulata).

Backgroud:
Scorzonera undulata subsp. deliciosa (DC.) Maire is used in the Moroccan pharmacopeia
for managing diabetes.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the anithyperglycemic activity in normal and
streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats as well as the acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of the
roots of Scorzonera undulata (S. undulata).

Methods:
This study investigated the effects of the root aqueous extract of Scorzonera undulata
(AERSU) at a dose of 20 mg/kg on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced
diabetic rats and the acute toxicity of AERSU was examined. Histopathological examination, preliminary
phytochemical investigation, determination of glycogen content and evaluation of α-amylase were
also performed.

Result:
Both single and repeated oral doses of AERSU (20 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in
blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic rats. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of AERSU
during 15 days increased the glycogen content in the liver in both normal and diabetic rats, inhibited α-
amylase activity and improved the histological architecture of the liver and pancreas in treated diabetic
rats and ameliorated some biochemical parameters such as ALT and AST. In addition, the preliminary
phytochemical investigation showed the richness of the roots of S. undulata in certain phytochemicals
particularly in polyphenols.

Conclusion:
AERSU exhibits an evident antihyperglycemic activity. This pharmacological effect may
be due to the protection of surviving pancreatic β cells and hepatocytes, effect of α-amylase and the
improvement of glycogen storage in the liver. The dose used in this study seems to be free of any toxicity.
Impact of Tracer Retention Levels on Visual Analysis of Cerebral [18F]- Florbetaben Pet Images
Authors: Giovacchini Giampiero , Giovannini Elisabetta , Borsò Elisa , Lazzeri Patrizia , Duce Valerio , Ferrando Ornella , Foppiano Franca , Ciarmiello Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Background:
To compare visual and semi-quantitative analysis of brain [18F]Florbetaben
PET images in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients and relate this finding to the degree
of ß-amyloid burden.

Methods:
A sample of 71 amnestic MCI patients (age 74 ± 7.3 years, Mini Mental State Examination
24.2 ± 5.3) underwent cerebral [18F]Florbetaben PET/CT. Images were visually scored as positive
or negative independently by three certified readers blinded to clinical and neuropsychological
assessment. Amyloid positivity was also assessed by semiquantitative approach by means of a previously
published threshold (SUVr ≥ 1.3). Fleiss kappa coefficient was used to compare visual analysis
(after consensus among readers) and semi-quantitative analysis. Statistical significance was
taken at P<0.05.

Results:
After the consensus reading, 43/71 (60.6%) patients were considered positive. Cases that
were interpreted as visually positive had higher SUVr than visually negative patients (1.48 ± 0.19
vs 1.11 ± 0.09) (P<0.05). Agreement between visual analysis and semi-quantitative analysis was excellent
(k=0.86, P<0.05). Disagreement occurred in 7/71 patients (9.9%) (6 false positives and 1
false negative). Agreement between the two analyses was 90.0% (18/20) for SUVr < 1.1, 83%
(24/29) for SUVr between 1.1 and 1.5, and 100% (22/22) for SUVr > 1.5 indicating lowest agreement
for the group with intermediate amyloid burden.

Conclusion:
Inter-rater agreement of visual analysis of amyloid PET images is high. Agreement between
visual analysis and SUVr semi-quantitative analysis decreases in the range of 1.1<SUVr
<=1.5, where the clinical scenario is more challenging.
The Effect of GIR on Motivation, Vocabulary Mastery, and Reading Comprehension Ability
Authors: Nurfauzi Rochana Purba , Priyana Joko 
Published: August 2020

This research aims to: (1) describe the effect of GIR as a part of extensive reading; (2) compare the effectiveness between GIR and conventional learning; and (3) compare the effectiveness between GIR variation 1 and 2 on motivation, vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension ability. The data were analyzed using: (1) the one sample t-test to investigate the effect of GIR; (2) the Helmert Contrast to investigate the difference in the effectiveness of GIR as well as the conventional technique; (3) the post-hoc test involving the Tukey to analyze which was more effective between GIR and conventional technique in students’ motivation, vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension ability. The results of the study show that: (1) GIR has a significant effect on all dependent variables; (2) GIR is more effective than the control group in improving all dependent variables, except GIR variation 1 in reading comprehension ability has equal effect with conventional technique; (3) there is no difference in the effectiveness of GIR variation 1 and 2 in terms of improving students’ motivation, vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension skills. Key words: GIR, extensive reading, motivation, vocabulary knowledge, reading comprehension ability
Improving students’ reading comprehension ability using task based language teaching
Authors: Astuti Ruslina Tri 
Published: August 2020

This study was conducted in response to the fact that the students’ reading comprehension ability was much lower than they should have achieved. It was caused by several reasons, one of themwas related to the poor teaching learning process. In this study, Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) was used to improve the teaching learning process and the students’ reading comprehension ability. This research was a Classroom Action Research (CAR) study and it was done in two cycles. Observation and interviews were used to collect data which were then analyzed qualitatively. Students’ achievement of daily-test, the students’ self reflection in the form of rating format and the students’ achievement of post-tests were used in order to support the data collected. The results of this study indicate that TBLT can improve not only the teaching learning process but also the class 8D of MTsN Yogyakarta II students’ reading comprehension ability in recount text. It is shown that the students are interested to learn reading and they enjoy the reading teaching learning process using TBLT. The students’ average score before the action is 62.81. In the first cycle the mean score is 72.03, meanwhile the mean score in the second cycle is 79.06. It means that there is an improvement of students’ scores from cycle to cycle.
DEVELOPING GRADED READING MATERIALS TO ENHANCE EXTENSIVE READING FOR STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Al-Baihaqi Muhammad Fauzi 
Published: August 2020

Improving literacy and a reading habit remains a major challenge to the Indonesian education system. To achieve maximum fluency in reading, the students should not only rely on classroom activities. They need a considerable amount of exposure. Therefore, there is a need to develop self-access learning materials to enhance independent learning through extensive reading. The objectives of this research were to identify the students’ target needs, identify the learning needs, and develop self-access graded reading materials to enhance extensive reading. The study employed the procedure of materials development by Jolly and Bolitho (2011) with some adaptations. There are originally 7 main stages, however, the steps were adapted and reduced into 5 stages. The adapted stages include needs analysis, syllabus planning, materials production, materials evaluation, and revision for the final draft. The data of this research were collected by using questionnaires and interviews. The developed materials employ three levels of difficulty based on the number of headwords and readability ease. The materials were evaluated in terms of content, language, presentation, and layout appropriateness. The results of the materials evaluation showed a good outcome according to the expert judgment results.
Faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan pemanfaatan posyandu dengan kejadian stunting balita keluarga miskin penerima PKH di Palembang
Authors: Rahmawati Nur Farida , Fajar Nur Alam , Idris Haerawati 
Published: August 2020

Social, economic factors, and utilization of posyandu towards stunting among toddlers of poor families of PKH recipients in PalembangBackground: Stunting is a nutritional problem caused by chronic malnutrition. Stunting can result in decreased concentration, memory damage, decreased learning, and school performance, decreased cognitive function, impaired motor development, and has a long-term impact on reducing productivity, thus inhibiting economic growth and causing intergenerational poverty. Stunting can be influenced by social, economic, and access to health services factors. Objective: To analyze the correlation of social, economic, and utilization of integrated services post (pos pelayanan terpadu/posyandu) with the incidence of stunting of under-fives in poor families in Palembang. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design in March-April 2019. The population was toddlers aged 24-59 months from poor families in Palembang, with the criteria receiving the cash transfer program from the Indonesian Government, called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Samples were 100 people were chosen by proportional sampling. Data were analyzed by using the Chi-Square test and regression logistic test. Results: The proportion of stunting among toddlers in poor families of PKH recipients in Palembang was 29%. Multiple logistic regression test shows 4 (four) independent variables have a significant correlation to the incidence of stunting simultaneously. Those variable are maternal education (p=0.003, OR=7.278, 95% CI: 1.928-27.474), birth order (p=0.013, OR=0.144, 95% CI: 0.031-0.664), number of family members (p=0.013, OR=10.809, 95% CI: 1.639-71.278),irregular utilization of Posyandu (p=0.041, OR=3.524, 95% CI:1.055-11.768), and never using Posyandu (p=0.019, OR=5.282, 95% CI: 1.313-21.239). Low maternal education, huge family members (more than 4), irregularly and never use Posyandu increase risk of stunting 7.2 times, 10.8 times, 3.5, and 5.2 times, otherwise first or second birth order was a protective factor of stunting. Conclusions: Maternal education and utilization of Posyandu are protective factors, meanwhile huge family members (more than 4) and third or more birth order can increase stunting incidence among toddlers of poor families of PKH recipients.
PENERAPAN PROGRAM “REALISTIS” (REHABILITASI LAHAN KRITIS) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN LAHAN KRITIS DI DESA CILELES
Authors: HANIDAH IN-IN , Putri Revena Denia , Madani Ghoffar Cahya , Anggreini Risa , Azhari Sartika 
Published: August 2020

Lahan kritis disebabkan karena hilangnya produktivitas dan kandungan unsur hara yang berada pada lahan tersebut akibat perilaku manusia ataupun fenomena alam. Program “REALISTIS” memiliki tujuan sebagai program rehabilitasi pada lahan kritis untuk membenahi dan menanggulangi keadaan lahan yang sudah hilang produktivitasnya serta meningkatkan kreativitas masyarakat dalam mengelola lahan kritis khususnya di Desa Cileles. Dengan menggunakan metode preparing:menetapkan lokasi lahan kritis untuk pembersihan lahan dan penanaman bibit tanaman palawija, actuating: penyuluhan tentang pentingnya rehabilitasi lahan kritis, dan controlling: monitoring dan evaluasi pada penerapan program “REALISTIS” masyarakat dapat terlibat langsung dalam mewujudkannya. Keberhasilan program ini dapat diukur berdasarkan perkembangan tanaman yang tumbuh pada tanah yan sudah ditanami oleh tanaman palawija dengan teknik tumpang sari.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PEMANFAATAN PEKARANGAN SEBAGAI WARUNG HIDUP KELUARGA DI DESA KUTAMANDIRI KECAMATAN TANJUNGSARI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Solihah Ratnia 
Published: August 2020

Fokus tulisan ini adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pemanfaatan pekarangan sebagai warung hidup keluarga, sebagai upaya menindaklanjuti hasil survey pemetaan profil, masalah dan potensi Desa Kutamandiri Kecamatan Tanjungsari Kabupaten Sumedang. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengambilan data berdasarkan studi literatur dan studi lapangan. Studi lapangan dilakukan melalui survey pemetaan profil, masalah dan potensi Desa Kutamandiri, observasi partisipan, melakukan design thinking, dan menyelenggarakan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pemanfaatan pekarangan sebagai warung hidup keluarga dengan berbagai kegiatan yang melibatkan Tim PPM, Tim KKN, Penyuluh pertanian, Ibu-ibu PKK dan ibu-ibu Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Desa Kutamandiri. Pemberdayaan masyarakat ini dilakukan melalui kegiatan sosialisasi atau penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pemanfaatan pekarangan sebagai warung hidup keluarga; pelatihan pemanfaatan pekarangan sebagai warung hidup keluarga, pemberian benih tanaman warung hidup bagi warga Desa Kutamandiri (melalui ibu-ibu rumah tangga), serta evaluasi dan monitoring kegiatan pemanfaatan, penanaman dan pemeliharaan tanaman warung hidup dalam memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga Secara keseluruhan kegiatan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan baik, walaupun terdapat beberapa kendala. Kendala tersebut diatasi dengan upaya yang dilakukan oleh Tim PPM maupun pihak-pihak terkait lainnya.
PENGUATAN KAPASITAS SISWA SD JATI III TAROGONG DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEWASPADAAN PADA JAJANAN TIDAK SEHAT
Authors: Sumarni Nina , Rosidin Udin , Sumarna Umar 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKPada saat ini masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak peduli terhadap apa yang mereka makan, baik dewasa maupun anak-anak. Bagi masyarakat, hal terpenting dari makanan adalah rasa yang enak, porsi yang banyak, dan harga yang pas. Masyarakat khususnya anak anak cenderung membeli makanan tanpa memperhatikan kebersihannya. Sehingga sering terjadi mereka menjadi korban dari jajanan yang tidak sehat. Hal ini terjadi karena minimnya pengetahuan tentang bagaimana mengenali jajanan yang aman. Jajanan anak sekolah yang kurang terjamin kesehatannya dapat menyebabkan keracunan, gangguan pencernaan, dan jika berlangsung lama akan menyebabkan status gizi yang buruk. Berdasarkan survei Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) Indonesia tahun 2014, masih banyak diemukan jajanan sekolah yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Hal ini tentunya sangat memprihatinkan, sebab makanan bukan hanya sekedar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi pada tubuh, melainkan kandungan gizi yang baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitas diperlukan agar tumbuh kembang anak dapat optimal. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan yang diadakan SDN Jati III Kecamatan Tarogong Kaler. Hasil dari kegiatan ini didapatkan adanya peningkatan rata-rata nilai pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan kesehatan. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan siswa siswi yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang bahaya jajanan yang tidak sehat. Hasil pengabdian ini diharapkan akan menjadi modal dasar dalam pembentukan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di tatanan sekolah, sehingga terwujud generasi yang sehat dan kuat. Kata kunci: Jajanan tidak sehat, Siswa SD, penyuluhan
E-Commerce untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) Sambal di Jawa Timur
Authors: Sugiarti Yenny , Sari Yenny , Hadiyat Mochammad Arbi 
Published: August 2020

Abstrak Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah harus memiliki daya saing supaya tetap bertahan, meski persaingan usaha saat ini semakin ketat. Salah satu aspek untuk meningkatkan daya saing adalah media pemasaran yang tepat yang menggabungkan antara media pemasaran offline (konvensional) dan online. Media pemasaran yang dimiliki oleh Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah DEDE SATOE sebelumnya masih konvensional yaitu dilakukan secara offline, sehingga pertumbuhan pasarnya juga sangat lambat. Tim Program Pengembangan Produk Unggulan Daerah betujuan membantu DEDE SATOE melengkapi media promosinya dengan media promosi online untuk memperluas pangsa pasar serta mempercepat pertumbuhannya. Tahap yang dilakukan adalah analisis platform e-commerce, pendaftaran, pelatihan dan pendampingan penggunaan platform e-commerce, serta dilakukan pemantauan dan rekapitulasi hasil penjualan melalui platform e-commerce tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah jumlah transaksi dan jumlah produk yang terjual di 5 platform online yaitu Tokopedia, Bukalapak, Shopee, Lazada dan Blibli mengalami peningkatan signifikan dari periode Juli-Desember 2019 ke Januari-Mei 2020. Di masa datang UMKM harus lebih fokus untuk mengelola penjualan melalui platform e-commerce supaya lebih optimal.Keyword: media pemasaran; platform e-commerce; promosi; Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah