bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Basic Dye Using Environmental friendly adsorbent
Authors: Ibrahim Hanadi K. , Albo Hay Allah Mahmood A. , Al-Da’amy Muneer A. , Kareem Eman T. , Abdulridha Ali Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study was included using the walnut husks powder as efficient adsorbent material to remove the Azure C dye from its aqueous solution. the effects of (pH), contact time, temperature and the adsorbent quantity were evaluated. the highest adsorption efficiency 98.17% was recorded with 5 ppm of dye according to the law of Beer Lambert (calibration curve for dye), 0.02g of adsorbent material 10 min as contact time and 328 K. The removal data using Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models were analyzed at various temperature varying from 298 to 328 K, and the adsorption thermodynamic parameters were studied. In which ΔG values indicates spontaneous process, ΔH refers to endothermic property of the adsorption process and ΔS prove increase in randomness at the solid/solution interface.
Study of the spectrophotometric determination of Copper ion (I) by Michler’s thioketone Reagent
Authors: Abd-AL abbas Suad Torki , Hassan Murtada Manfi , Hussain Alaa Frak 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A new simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been develop to determine copper (I) ions by using Michlers thioketone reagent (Ligand) to formed a dark brown complex at ( pH=3), The complex was found to be with stability for (90 min) at the given pH, The complex formed in this method give obeys Beer’s law over the concentration range (3.211×10−5M–22.48×10−5M) with a detection limit of (1.943×10−6M) and molar Absorptivity (0.622×103Lmol−1cm−1), The Stoichiometry of the complex was confirmed by using (Mole Ratio method & Molard method) the two methods using indicated the ratio of metal to reagent is 1:2, The effect of the presence of different cations and anions as interference in the determination of copper (I) under the given condition were investigated, The copper complex formed has been characterize by UV- visible ray, Precision and accuracy of the new method has been study by terms of Relative Standard Deviations (RSD%) And relative Error.
Equilibrium and Thermodynamic studies of Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Blue dye on snail shell powder
Authors: Al-ogaili Ala‘a H. , Al-Da’Amy Muneer A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRemazol Brilliant Blue dye is a noxious dyes, so the snail shell powder was used as a adsorbent surface because of its high efficiency to remove the remazol brilliant blue dye from aqueous solutions where the removal percent was (99.09%). Also, the factors affect the efficiency of adsorption (equilibrium time, adsorbent weight, PH, ionic strength, temperature and using "Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin" modelels were studied. The experimental data of isotherm showed that it is in good agreement with the freundlich and temkin equation it to take the form (S-curve) according to the Giles classification, and it does not agree with the Langmuir equation. The thermodynamic functions (ΔS, ΔH, ΔG) were calculated and explained in the mean of the chemical structure of the adsorbant.
SoftMax Neural Best Approximation
Authors: Almurieb Hawraa A , Bhaya Eman S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Neural networks have a great place in approximating nonlinear functions, especially those Lebesgue integrable functions that are approximated by FNNs with one hidden layer and sigmoidal functions. Various operators of neural networks have been defined and achieved to get good rates of approximation depending on the modulus of smoothness. Here we define a new neural network operator with a generalized sigmoidal function (SoftMax) to improve the rate of approximation of a Lebesgue integrable function Lp
, with p < 1, to be estimated using modulus of smoothness of order k. The importance of choosing SoftMax function as an activation function is its flexible properties and various applications.
Gamma Comultiplication and Full Stability
Authors: Abbas Mehdi S. , Hamad Balsam M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Let be a Γ-ring with identity (not necessarily commutative), and M a left RΓ-module. Then M is called fully stable if θ(N) ⊆ N for each RΓ-submodule N of M and RΓ-homomorphism θ from N into M. Equivalently, for each element m in M we have

Rα

0

m
=

ϒ
M

α
0

(

ℓ
R

α
0

(

Rα

0

m
)
)

, in other words, each α0-cyclic RΓ-submodule Rα0
m satisfies the double annihilator condition.
In this paper we will introduce and study the notion of RΓ-modules in which every RΓ-submodule satisfies the double annihilator condition. Many properties and characterizations of this class of RΓ-modules are considering, and obtain some relatied results, as well as, their relationship with full stability.
Intuitionistic fuzzy Q-filters of Q-algebra
Authors: Abdullah H. K. , Naji R. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Our work aimed to focus on some types of intuitionistic fuzzy filters, which are known as intuitionistic fuzzy Q-filter and intuitionistic fuzzy complete Q-filter, in addition we aimed to find out the relationships among these types of filters and other characteristics of Q-algebra.
Operational characteristics of disc and spherical cathode electrodes in dc plasma discharge
Authors: Abd-Alwahed Estbrq A , Yahya Khalid A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, the effective of shapes for disc and spherical cathode electrodes on the operational conditions of dc discharge has been studied. Paschen curve was studied of the two cathode shapes electrodes at the discharge voltage (0- 450 V) at 38 mm distance between the electrodes. Theoretically, the distributions of equipotential line and electric field before the minimum discharge voltage between the electrodes were estimated by using SIMION software. The study showed the effect of the geometry of the cathode electrode on the operational conditions where the discharge voltages require for the spherical shape was greater than the disc at minimum values in Paschen curve. The results showed a diagnostics of plasma using a single Langmuir probe that electron temperature and ion density for spherical cathode shape was higher than the disc by, 20% and 17.9% respectively.
Quality of medical microscope Image at different lighting condition
Authors: Abd-Alameer Shahad Ahmed , Daway Hazim G , Rashid Hayfa G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A no- reference quality metrics is one of the challenging fields in image quality assessment. The aim of the research is measuring the quality of the microscope medical image such as blood smear and sample texture, at different lightness conditions by using two types of light sources are Tungsten and LED. To find the best light level at imaging, the no- reference quality metrics are calculated by using the histogram in a HL component in the wavelet transform. This measure is Compare with the other no-reference algorithms as entropy and average gradient by calculating the correlation coefficient between the subjective and objective methods. The results show that the proposed algorithm is a good measure of the quality of the medical microscope images at different lighting condition.
Antibacterial activity and Electrical properties of Prepared Graphene Oxide GO Hybrid Cupper Phthalocyanine (CuPc)
Authors: Jassim Saad A. , Kadhim Raheem G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
GO samples were prepared by Hummer‘s method. The Electrical properties of polymer composite Go-CuPc (graphene oxide-cupper phthalocyanines) prepared by spin coating technique were studied. Three different ratio of the prepared graphene oxide added to the pure cupper phthalocyanines (10%, 15%, 20%). It was found that there was a clear increasing in the concentration of carriers and a decreasing in the values of mobility at room temperature with increasing of doping ratio, the electrical conductivity increased with the increase of the concentration of GO, the value of activation energy decreased for all (GO/CuPc) thin films with adding concentration of GO. The antimicrobial properties of Graphene Oxide Modified Cupper Phthalocyanine were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-positive bacterium and sydomonus, Gram-negative one. Bacteriological tests were performed in Muller Hinton solid agar plates with different concentrations of graphene oxide particles. The inhibition zones as a function of added graphene oxide where studied, the results show that as the concentration of graphene oxide increased the inhibition zone increased also against both types of bacteria. When the ratio of added graphene oxide was (15%) maximum inhibitionzone has been calculated.
Investigation of strengths distributions of Gamow-Teller in sd and fp shell nuclei
Authors: Obaid Sarah M. , Tawfeek Huda M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The strength distribution of Gamow-Teller (GT) in the 26Si→26Al, 28Si→28P, 42Sc→42Ca and 44Sc→44Ca transitions are calculated by using shell model with full basis which assume the valence nucleons in the sd and fp shells. The calculation of the shell model were conducted in the sd and fp shells without any restriction by using USDB and USDA interactions for sd shell and GXFP1A, KB3G and FPD6 effective interactions for fp shell. Our theoretical results of shell model calculations compared with the data obtained from (3He, t) and (p, n) charge-exchange reactions. Calculated B(GT) strength distributions agree well with the recently available experimental data and with the summed transition strengths B(GT).
Study of the Structural and Optical Properties of Ni-doped Co3O4 Thin Films Using Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: Farhan Marwan M. , Khodair Ziad T. , Ibrahim Buthainah A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Undoped and Ni-doped Cobalt oxide thin films (Co3O4:Ni) with doping percentage (3, 6, and 9%) have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates at (400 °C). The structural, surface morphology and optical properties were studied. XRD results showed that all the films were polycrystalline and had a cubic structure with preferred orientation (111) plane for all doping. The AFM images appear to be smooth and homogenous films. The optical properties showed that the transmittance decreased by increasing the percentage of Ni, and the direct optical band gap decreased from (2.53 eV) to (2.32 eV) for undoped Co3O4 with increasing the doping percentage to (9%).
The physical separation between the LET associated with the ultimate relative biological effect (RBE) and the maximum LET in a proton or ion beam
Authors: Jones Bleddyn , Hill Mark A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the relative positions of the ultimate RBE, at a LET value of LETU (where the LET-RBE turnover point occurs independently of dose), and of the maximum LET (LETM) for a range of ions from protons to Iron ions. Methods: For a range of relativistic velocities (β), the kinetic energies, LET values and ranges for each ion are obtained using SRIM software. For protons and helium ions, the LET changes with β are plotted and LETM is compared with LETU. For all the ions studied the residual ranges of particles at LETU and LETM are subtracted to provide the physical separation (S) between LETU and LETM. Results: Graphical methods are used to show the above parameters for protons and helium ions. For all the ions studied, LETU occurs at kinetic energies which are higher than those at LETM, so the ultimate maximal RBE occurs proximal to the Bragg peak for individual particles and not beyond it, as is commonly supposed. The distance S, between LETU and LETM, appears to increase linearly with the atomic charge value Z. Conclusions: For the lighter elements, from protons to carbon ions, S is sufficiently small (less than the tolerance/accuracy of radiation treatments) and so will probably not influence therapeutic decisions or outcomes. For higher Z numbers such as Argon and Iron, larger S values of several centimetres occur, which may have implications not only in any proposed therapeutic beams but also at very low doses encountered in radiation protection where the few cells that are irradiated will typically be traversed by a single particle.
Minimum hardware requirements for hybrid quantum–classical DMFT
Authors: Jaderberg B , Agarwal A , Leonhardt K , Kiffner M , Jaksch D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We numerically emulate noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices and determine the minimal hardware requirements for two-site hybrid quantum–classical dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). We develop a circuit recompilation algorithm which significantly reduces the number of quantum gates of the DMFT algorithm and find that the quantum–classical algorithm converges if the two-qubit gate fidelities are larger than 99%. The converged results agree with the exact solution within 10%, and perfect agreement within noise-induced error margins can be obtained for two-qubit gate fidelities exceeding 99.9%. By comparison, the quantum–classical algorithm without circuit recompilation requires a two-qubit gate fidelity of at least 99.999% to achieve perfect agreement with the exact solution. We thus find quantum–classical DMFT calculations can be run on the next generation of NISQ devices if combined with the recompilation techniques developed in this work.
Research with older people in a world with COVID-19: identification of current and future priorities, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Richardson Sarah J , Carroll Camille B , Close Jacqueline , Gordon Adam L , O’Brien John , Quinn Terence J , Rochester Lynn , Sayer Avan A , Shenkin Susan D , van der Velde Nathalie , Woo Jean , Witham Miles D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Older people are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a profound impact on research as well as clinical service delivery. This commentary identifies key challenges and opportunities in continuing to conduct research with and for older people, both during and after the current pandemic. It shares opinions from responders to an international survey, a range of academic authors and opinions from specialist societies. Priorities in COVID-19 research include its specific presentation in older people, consequences for physical, cognitive and psychological health, treatments and vaccines, rehabilitation, supporting care homes more effectively, the impact of social distancing, lockdown policies and system reconfiguration to provide best health and social care for older people. COVID-19 research needs to be inclusive, particularly involving older people living with frailty, cognitive impairment or multimorbidity, and those living in care homes. Non-COVID-19 related research for older people remains of critical importance and must not be neglected in the rush to study the pandemic. Profound changes are required in the way that we design and deliver research for older people in a world where movement and face-to-face contact are restricted, but we also highlight new opportunities such as the ability to collaborate more widely and to design and deliver research efficiently at scale and speed.
Field Study of the Possible Effect of Parental Irradiation on the Germline of Children Born to Cleanup Workers and Evacuees of the Chornobyl Nuclear Accident
Authors: Bazyka Dimitry , Hatch Maureen , Gudzenko Natalia , Cahoon Elizabeth K , Drozdovitch Vladimir , Little Mark P , Chumak Vadim , Bakhanova Elena , Belyi David , Kryuchkov Victor , Golovanov Ivan , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Illienko Iryna , Belayev Yuri , Bodelon Clara , Machiela Mitchell J , Hutchinson Amy , Yeager Meredith , de Gonzalez Amy Berrington , Chanock Stephen J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Although transgenerational effects of exposure to ionizing radiation have long been a concern, human research to date has been confined to studies of disease phenotypes in groups exposed to high doses and high dose rates, such as the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Transgenerational effects of parental irradiation can be addressed using powerful new genomic technologies. In collaboration with the Ukrainian National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, the US National Cancer Institute, in 2014–2018, initiated a genomic alterations study among children born in selected regions of Ukraine to cleanup workers and/or evacuees exposed to low–dose-rate radiation after the 1986 Chornobyl (Chernobyl) nuclear accident. To investigate whether parental radiation exposure is associated with germline mutations and genomic alterations in the offspring, we are collecting biospecimens from father-mother-offspring constellations to study de novo mutations, minisatellite mutations, copy-number changes, structural variants, genomic insertions and deletions, methylation profiles, and telomere length. Genomic alterations are being examined in relation to parental gonadal dose, reconstructed using questionnaire and measurement data. Subjects are being recruited in exposure categories that will allow examination of parental origin, duration, and timing of exposure in relation to conception. Here we describe the study methodology and recruitment results and provide descriptive information on the first 150 families (mother-father-child(ren)) enrolled.
Archaeosporites rhyniensis gen. et sp. nov. (Glomeromycota, Archaeosporaceae) from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert: a fungal lineage morphologically unchanged for more than 400 million years
Authors: Harper Carla J , Walker Christopher , Schwendemann Andrew B , Kerp Hans , Krings Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Structurally preserved arbuscular mycorrhizas from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert represent core fossil evidence of the evolutionary history of mycorrhizal systems. Moreover, Rhynie chert fossils of glomeromycotan propagules suggest that this lineage of arbuscular fungi was morphologically diverse by the Early Devonian; however, only a small fraction of this diversity has been formally described and critically evaluated.

Methods
Thin sections, previously prepared by grinding wafers of chert from the Rhynie beds, were studied by transmitted light microscopy. Fossils corresponding to the description of Archaeospora spp. occurred in 29 slides, and were measured, photographed and compared with modern-day species in that genus.

Key Results
Sessile propagules &lt;85 µm in diameter, some still attached to a sporiferous saccule, were found in early land plant axes and the chert matrix; they developed, in a similar manner to extant Archaeospora, laterally or centrally within the saccule neck. Microscopic examination and comparison with extant fungi showed that, morphologically, the fossils share the characters used to circumscribe the genus Archaeospora (Glomeromycota; Archaeosporales; Archaeosporaceae).

Conclusions
The fossils can be assigned with confidence to the extant family Archaeosporaceae, but because molecular analysis is necessary to place organisms in these taxa to present-day genera and species, they are placed in a newly proposed fossil taxon, Archaeosporites rhyniensis.
Functional dissection of HGGT and HPT in barley vitamin E biosynthesis via CRISPR/Cas9-enabled genome editing
Authors: Zeng Zhanghui , Han Ning , Liu Cuicui , Buerte B , Zhou Chenlu , Chen Jianshu , Wang Mengyao , Zhang Yuhong , Tang Yawei , Zhu Muyuan , Wang Junhui , Yang Yinong , Bian Hongwu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Vitamin E (tocochromanol) is a lipid-soluble antioxidant and an essential nutrient for human health. Among cereal crops, barley (Hordeum vulgare) contains a high level of vitamin E, which includes both tocopherols and tocotrienols. Although the vitamin E biosynthetic pathway has been characterized in dicots, such as Arabidopsis, which only accumulate tocopherols, knowledge regarding vitamin E biosynthesis in monocots is limited because of the lack of functional mutants. This study aimed to obtain gene knockout mutants to elucidate the genetic control of vitamin E composition in barley.

Methods
Targeted knockout mutations of HvHPT and HvHGGT in barley were created with CRISPR/Cas9-enabled genome editing. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to analyse the content of tocochromanol isomers in transgene-free homozygous Hvhpt and Hvhggt mutants.

Key Results
Mutagenesis efficiency among T0 regenerated plantlets was 50–65 % as a result of two simultaneously expressed guide RNAs targeting each gene; most of the mutations were stably inherited by the next generation. The transgene-free homozygous mutants of Hvhpt and Hvhggt exhibited decreased grain size and weight, and the HvHGGT mutation led to a shrunken phenotype and significantly lower total starch content in grains. HPLC analysis revealed that targeted mutation of HvHPT significantly reduced the content of both tocopherols and tocotrienols, whereas mutations in HvHGGT completely blocked tocotrienol biosynthesis in barley grains. Transient overexpression of an HvHPT homologue in tobacco leaves significantly increased the production of γ- and δ-tocopherols, which may partly explain why targeted mutation of HvHPT in barley grains did not eliminate tocopherol production.

Conclusions
Our results functionally validated that HvHGGT is the only committed gene for the production of tocotrienols, whereas HvHPT is partly responsible for tocopherol biosynthesis in barley.
Specific mycorrhizal associations involving the same fungal taxa in common and threatened Caladenia (Orchidaceae): implications for conservation
Authors: Reiter Noushka , Phillips Ryan D , Swarts Nigel D , Wright Magali , Holmes Gareth , Sussmilch Frances C , Davis Belinda J , Whitehead Michael R , Linde Celeste C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsIn orchid conservation, quantifying the specificity of mycorrhizal associations, and establishing which orchid species use the same fungal taxa, is important for sourcing suitable fungi for symbiotic propagation and selecting sites for conservation translocation. For Caladenia subgenus Calonema (Orchidaceae), which contains 58 threatened species, we ask the following questions. (1) How many taxa of Serendipita mycorrhizal fungi do threatened species of Caladenia associate with? (2) Do threatened Caladenia share orchid mycorrhizal fungi with common Caladenia? (3) How geographically widespread are mycorrhizal fungi associated with Caladenia?MethodsFungi were isolated from 127 Caladenia species followed by DNA sequencing of the internal transcibed spacer (ITS) sequence locus. We used a 4.1–6 % sequence divergence cut-off range to delimit Serendipita operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We conducted trials testing the ability of fungal isolates to support germination and plant growth. A total of 597 Serendipita isolates from Caladenia, collected from across the Australian continent, were used to estimate the geographic range of OTUs.Key ResultsAcross the genus, Caladenia associated with ten OTUs of Serendipita (Serendipitaceae) mycorrhizal fungi. Specificity was high, with 19 of the 23 threatened Caladenia species sampled in detail associating solely with OTU A, which supported plants from germination to adulthood. The majority of populations of Caladenia associated with one OTU per site. Fungal sharing was extensive, with 62 of the 79 Caladenia sampled in subgenus Calonema associating with OTU A. Most Serendipita OTUs were geographically widespread.ConclusionsMycorrhizal fungi can be isolated from related common species to propagate threatened Caladenia. Because of high specificity of most Caladenia species, only small numbers of OTUs typically need to be considered for conservation translocation. When selecting translocation sites, the geographic range of the fungi is not a limiting factor, and using related Caladenia species to infer the presence of suitable fungal OTUs may be feasible.