bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances and perspectives in near‐infrared fluorescent organic probes for surgical oncology
Authors: Xu Dazhuang , Li Lei , Chu Chengchao , Zhang Xiaoyong , Liu Gang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSurgical resection of solid tumors is currently the most efficient and preferred therapeutic strategy for treating cancer. Despite significant medical, technical, and scientific advances, the complete treatment of this lethal disease is still a challenging task. New imaging techniques and contrast agents are urgently needed to improve cytoreductive surgery and patient outcomes. Tumor‐targeted probes are valuable for guiding a surgical resection of tumor from subjective judgments to visual inspection. Near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging is a promising technology in preclinical and clinical tumor diagnosis and therapy. The rapid development in NIR fluorophores with improved optical properties, targeting strategies, and imaging devices has brought about prospective study of novel NIR nanomaterials for intraoperative tumor detection. In this review, we summarize the recent development in NIR‐emitting organic fluorophores and cancer‐targeting strategies that specifically target and accumulate in tumors for the molecular imaging of cancerous cells. We believe this technique utilizing new fluorescent probes with an intraoperative optical imaging capacity could provide a more sensitive and accurate method for cancer resection guidance, thereby resulting in better surgical outcomes.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Transaminases for industrial biocatalysis: novel enzyme discovery
Authors: Kelly Stephen A. , Mix Stefan , Moody Thomas S. , Gilmore Brendan F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Transaminases (TAms) are important enzymes for the production of chiral amines for the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Novel TAms for use in these industries have been discovered using a range of approaches, including activity-guided methods and homologous sequence searches from cultured microorganisms to searches using key motifs and metagenomic mining of environmental DNA libraries. This mini-review focuses on the methods used for TAm discovery over the past two decades, analyzing the changing trends in the field and highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the respective approaches used. This review will also discuss the role of protein engineering in the development of novel TAms and explore possible directions for future TAm discovery for application in industrial biocatalysis.

Key Points
• The past two decades of TAm enzyme discovery approaches are explored.
• TAm sequences are phylogenetically analyzed and compared to other discovery methods.
• Benefits and drawbacks of discovery approaches for novel biocatalysts are discussed.
• The role of protein engineering and future discovery directions is highlighted.
Abbauplanung der Schwebenrückgewinnung im Gipsbergbau Preinsfeld
Authors: Fischer Angelika , Hartlieb Philipp , Daul Johannes 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Gipsbergbau Preinsfeld in Niederösterreich wurde bis 2001 untertägig Gips gewonnen. Durch die Abbaumethode des Örter-Festenbaus auf Teilsohlen sind Schweben mit einer Mächtigkeit von circa 4 m zurückgeblieben. Im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit wurde die noch vorhandene Menge Gips analysiert und eine geeignete Abbaumethode für die Schwebenrückgewinnung ausgewählt. Die Vortriebsmethode Bohren und Sprengen wurde dem maschinellen Vortrieb mittels Teilschnittmaschine gegenübergestellt. Aufgrund technischer und wirtschaftlicher Aspekte wurde die Teilschnittmaschine als geeigneter angesehen und die Materialförderung darauf abgestimmt. Mit Hilfe der Geologie- und Bergbauplanungssoftware Geovia Surpac™ wurde ein dreidimensionales Bergbaumodell für unterschiedliche Abbaumethoden erstellt. Die Abbaumethode des klassischen Örter-Festenbaus wurde mit verschiedenen Streckenprofilen geplant und einem Kammerbau mit Vollversatz gegenübergestellt. Die Entscheidung der Abbaumethode fiel unter Berücksichtigung von wirtschaftlichen, technischen und sicherheitsrelevanten Aspekten zugunsten des Kammerbaus aus. Dieser wurde in Folge im Detail unter anderem hinsichtlich Sequenzierung, Bewetterung, Kosten und jährlicher Produktion geplant.
Genderaspekte im Gesundheitsverhalten, bei Krankheitsbewältigung und sozialer Unterstützung
Authors: Hoffer-Pober Angelika , Strametz-Juranek Jeanette 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden soziale Unterstützung bei Krankheit, Gesundheitsverhalten und Krankheitsbewältigung im Hinblick auf ihre Zusammenhänge und Genderunterschiede untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit war zum einen herauszufinden, ob sich in Bezug auf soziale Unterstützung bei Krankheit ein Genderunterschied zeigt. Zum anderen sollten die Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialer Unterstützung, Gesundheitsverhalten und Krankheitsbewältigung unter dem Genderaspekt sichtbar gemacht werden. Der Aspekt der sozialen Unterstützung wurde aus PatientInnen- und ExpertInnensicht erhoben. Frauen erlebten signifikant weniger positive Unterstützung als Männer. Auch die ExpertInnensicht wies darauf hin, dass Männer mehr soziale Unterstützung durch ihr Umfeld erfahren als Frauen. Sowohl in der Literatur als auch in den Interviews fanden sich sehr ähnliche Hinweise auf Genderunterschiede in gesundheitsrelevantem Verhalten und bei Krankheitsbewältigung, bedingt durch sozialisationsbedingte Einflussfaktoren. Dies findet sich wiederum im Unterstützungsverhalten und in den Unterstützungserwartungen von Frauen und Männern wieder. Schlussfolgernd kann festgestellt werden, dass die Reflexion dieser genderspezifischen Einflussgrößen wesentlich für die Behandlung und Begleitung von PatientInnen und deren Angehörigen ist.
Creating value of the past through negotiations in the present: balancing professional authority with influence of participants
Authors: Jansson Ina-Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article investigates how an online forum for a participatory archive project can offer a platform for controlled power-sharing between archivists and participants. Additionally, it explains how participants affect the processes, structures, and end usability of the information resource they are invited to create, with a focus on representability and the ethical responsibility of archivists. This study takes its point of departure in a participatory online transcription project: Begravelser 1861–1912. The influence of participants is studied through observation of the communication between archivists and transcribers in an online discussion forum. Theoretical concepts of maximalist and minimalist participation are used to contextualize levels of user influence. The study uses a framework inspired by Community-based participatory research (CBPR) to analyze the communication. The results show how participants used the forum to gain influence in the project, and how several elements of CBPR—shared influence, mutual development, and mutual use—were manifested in the forum. The conclusion is that using a CBPR approach in participatory projects can produce synergetic effects of increased knowledge and enhanced archival responsibility in conjunction with sustainable participatory engagement.
Atherosclerotic plaque detected by transesophageal echocardiography is an independent predictor for all-cause mortality
Authors: Heidari Houtan , Ran Hong , Spinka Georg , Hengstenberg Christian , Binder Thomas , Goliasch Georg , Schneider Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAtherosclerotic lesions in the great arteries are frequent findings in the elderly. Numerous studies have shown their strong predictive value for cardiovascular disease, embolic events, and mortality. We sought to determine the risk of all-cause mortality depending on the localization of plaques in the thoracic aorta evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). A total of 2,054 patients (median age 65 years, interquartile range 52–73; 58% men) who underwent a TEE examination between 01/2007 and 03/2015 were retrospectively analyzed. For each patient, the presence of atherosclerotic lesions in the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, and in the descending aorta, as well as cardiovascular risk factors and survival were documented. Median follow-up period was 48 months (interquartile range 38–58). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated plaque in the ascending aorta (HR of 1.36, 95% CI 1.01–1.83, P = 0.046), the aortic arch (HR of 1.78, 95% CI 1.29–2.45, P < 0.001), the descending aorta (HR of 2.01, 95% CI 1.54–2.77, P < 0.001), and plaque in any part of the thoracic aorta (HR of 1.84, 95% CI 1.42–2.4, P < 0.001), as independent predictors for all-cause mortality after adjusting for age, sex, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and diabetes. In this study, we could demonstrate that more than mild plaque at any site of the thoracic aorta predicts all-cause mortality. Assessment of atherosclerotic lesions in all segments of the thoracic aorta should be part of every routine TEE examination.
Beliefs, social identity, and the view of opponents in Swedish carnivore management policy
Authors: Nilsson Jens , Sandström Annica , Nohrstedt Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the policy sciences, the intractability of disputes in natural resource governance is commonly explained in terms of a “devil shift” between rival policy coalitions. In a devil shift, policy actors overestimate the power of their opponents and exaggerate the differences between their own and their opponents’ policy beliefs. While the devil shift is widely recognized in policy research, knowledge of its causes and solutions remains limited. Drawing insights from the advocacy coalition framework and social identity theory, we empirically explore beliefs and social identity as two potential drivers of the devil shift. Next, we investigate the potential of collaborative venues to decrease the devil shift over time. These assumptions are tested through statistical analyses of longitudinal survey data targeting actors involved in three policy subsystems within Swedish large carnivore management. Our evidence shows, first, that the devil shift is more pronounced if coalitions are defined by shared beliefs rather than by shared identity. Second, our study shows that participation in collaborative venues does not reduce the devil shift over time. We end by proposing methodological and theoretical steps to advance knowledge of the devil shift in contested policy subsystems.
On asymptotic periodicity of kernel double Markovian operators
Authors: Bartoszek Wojciech , Krzemiński Michał 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is proved that a kernel, doubly Markovian operator T is asymptotically periodic if and only if its deterministic $$\sigma $$
σ
-field $$\varSigma _d(T)$$

Σ
d

(
T
)

(equivalently $$\varSigma _d(T^*)$$

Σ
d

(

T
∗

)

) is finite. It follows that kernel doubly Markovian operator T is asymptotically periodic if and only if $$T^*$$

T
∗

is asymptotically periodic.
Modifiable Factors Associated with Non-adherence to Antihypertensive or Antihyperlipidemic Drugs Are Dissimilar: a Multicenter Study Among Patients with Diabetes in Indonesia
Authors: Alfian Sofa D. , Annisa Nurul , Fajriansyah Fajriansyah , Perwitasari Dyah A. , Abdulah Rizky , Hak Eelko , Denig Petra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo develop targeted and tailored interventions for addressing medication non-adherence, it is important to identify underlying factors.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with non-adherence as well as subtypes of non-adherence to antihypertensive or antihyperlipidemic drugs among patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia.DesignAn observational multicenter cross-sectional survey.ParticipantsPatients with type 2 diabetes using either antihypertensive or antihyperlipidemic drugs in four regions in Indonesia.Main MeasuresNon-adherence and its subtypes of intentional and unintentional non-adherence were assessed using the Medication Adherence Report Scale. Necessity and concern beliefs were assessed with the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. We applied binary and multinomial logistic regression to assess associations of medication beliefs, sociodemographic factors, and clinical-related factors to non-adherence and report odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Key ResultsOf 571 participating patients (response rate 97%), 45.5% and 52.7% were non-adherent to antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic drugs, respectively. Older age was associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs (60–69 years) (OR, 5.65; 95% CI, 2.68–11.92), while higher necessity beliefs (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.95) were associated with less non-adherence. Factors associated with non-adherence to antihyperlipidemic drugs were female gender (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.03–3.27) and higher concern beliefs (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.18), while higher necessity beliefs (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83–0.96) were associated with less non-adherence.ConclusionsThe main factors associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic drugs are modifiable. In general, beliefs about the necessity of the drug are important but for antihyperlipidemic drugs concerns are important as well. Healthcare providers should pay attention to identify and address medication beliefs during patient counselling.
Was passiert im Gründercoaching?
Authors: Diermann Isabell , Meyer zu Riemsloh Isabel 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie exploriert die Rolle von Prozess- und Expertenberatung im Gründercoaching. Die Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Interviewstudie mit 44 Coaches zeigen, dass beide Modelle im Gründercoaching von Bedeutung sind, wobei deren Gewichtung sehr unterschiedlich ausfallen kann. Innerhalb des Prozessberatungsanteils gehen Coaches auf 17 verschiedene Themen ein, im Expertenberatungsanteil sind vier Themenbereiche relevant. Coaches setzen das jeweilige Beratungsmodell bewusst im Coachingprozess ein und reagieren damit auch auf bestimmte Anlässe, wahrgenommene Emotionen oder Reaktionen der Gründer. Die Ergebnisse lassen Implikationen für Praxis und Forschung zu.
The role of echocardiography for diagnosis and prognostic stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mandeş Leonard , Roşca Monica , Ciupercă Daniela , Popescu Bogdan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most frequent cardiac disease with genetic substrate, affecting about 0.2–0.5% of the population. While most of the patients with HCM have a relatively good prognosis, some are at increased risk of adverse events. Identifying such patients at risk is important for optimal treatment and follow-up. While clinical and electrocardiographic information plays an important role, echocardiography remains the cornerstone in assessing patients with HCM. In this review, we discuss the role of echocardiography in diagnosing HCM, the key features that differentiate HCM from other diseases and the use of echocardiography for risk stratification in this setting (risk of sudden cardiac death, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and stroke). The use of modern echocardiographic techniques (deformation imaging, 3D echocardiography) refines the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of patients with HCM. The echocardiographic data need to be integrated with clinical data and other information, including cardiac magnetic resonance, especially in challenging cases or when there is incomplete information, for the optimal management of these patients.
WNT1, a target of miR-34a, promotes cervical squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion by induction of an E-P cadherin switch via the WNT/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Li Baohua , Guo Xuedong , Li Na , Chen Qin , Shen Junhua , Huang Xiaoxiu , Huang Genping , Wang Fenfen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is thought to play a prominent role in the initiation and progression of almost all cases of cervical cancer. Previously, we and others found that microRNA 34a (miR-34a) may be regulated by HR-HPV E6 to contribute to the development of cervical cancer. Here, we aimed to identify the oncogenic potential and clinical significance of a known miR-34a target, WNT1, in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development and to investigate the associated mechanisms underlying cervical SCC cell proliferation and invasion.

Methods
WNT1 and miR-34a expression levels were assessed in primary cervical lesions using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. The cellular effects and the expression of its associated genes were examined in cervical SCC-derived Siha and Caski cells after siRNA-WNT1 (downregulation) or miR-34a mimic (upregulation) treatment. A cervical SCC xenograft mouse model was used to investigate the in vivo effects of miR-34a overexpression. HPV-16 E6/E7 expression was inhibited by gene promoter siRNA targeting, after which the levels of miR-34a and WNT1 were examined.

Results
WNT1 protein upregulation was found to be associated with a poor prognosis in cervical SCC patients. In vitro assays in Siha and Caski cells revealed that WNT1 downregulation decreased cell proliferation and invasion, inhibited WNT/β-catenin activation and affected the expression of E-cadherin and P-cadherin. MiR-34a upregulation resulted in decreased WNT1 expression. An inverse correlation between miR-34a and WNT1 expression was also observed in primary cervical SCC tissues. In addition, we found that MiR-34a could regulate an E-cadherin to P-cadherin switch (E-P cadherin switch) to inhibit cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo via inactivation of the WNT1/β-catenin pathway. Finally, we found that decreased HPV-16 E6/E7 expression resulted in miR-34a upregulation and WNT1 downregulation in Siha and Caski cells.

Conclusions
From our results we conclude that WNT1, as a target of miR-34a, can promote cervical SCC cell proliferation and invasion by induction of an E-P cadherin switch via the WNT1/β-catenin pathway. Our results may provide new options for the treatment of patients with cervical SCC.
Teaching health professionals how to tailor gender-affirming medicine protocols: A&nbsp;design thinking project
Authors: MacKinnon Kinnon R. , Ross Lori E. , Gualdron David Rojas , Ng Stella L. 
Published: April 2020

Background Content knowledge surrounding transgender (trans) medicine is currently lacking in the formal medical education curricula. Evidence indicates that the main protocols used to assess and refer trans patients for gender-affirming medicine are misunderstood by health professionals, and require flexible adaptation to achieve health equity and patient-centred care.
Approach A free online educational tool for gender-affirming medicine, The Path to Patient-Centred Care, was developed to teach learners how to adapt assessment protocols. Resource creation was supported by a knowledge translation grant that endorsed design thinking, a human-centred and solutions-focused framework recommended for use in curriculum development.
Evaluation The Path to Patient-Centred Care provides learners with information related to key principles of patient-centred care in gender-affirming medicine, including a guide on how to adapt the main assessment protocols to achieve equitable care. The curriculum also includes narratives from trans patients and health professionals that focus on health equity, and a clinical vignette about a complex case, designed to foster critical thinking on medical ethics. Project future directions involve an implementation and evaluation pilot study with a diverse group of continuing professional development medical learners using a mixed-methods program evaluation design.
Reflection The use of design thinking to develop this resource exemplifies a novel approach to curriculum development. By using pedagogical strategies that foster critical reflection, this innovative online education tool strives to teach self-directed learners how to provide care that emphasizes trans people’s self-determination and autonomy in medical decision-making.
Gestaltungsdimensionen der Kommunikation von automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Verkehrsteilnehmenden
Authors: Joisten Philip , Freund Anton , Abendroth Bettina 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungBereits heute wird die Kommunikation zwischen automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Straßenverkehrsteilnehmenden entwickelt und erforscht, um zukünftig einen sicheren und effizienten Straßenverkehrsfluss zu gewährleisten. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, Gestaltungsdimensionen der Kommunikation zwischen automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Straßenverkehrsteilnehmenden herzuleiten und zu analysieren. Folgende Fragestellung steht im Vordergrund: Wie kann eine Kommunikationsstrategie zwischen automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Straßenverkehrsteilnehmenden gestaltet werden? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragestellung werden Gestaltungsdimensionen theoretisch abgeleitet und eine Befragung (N = 30) und Beobachtung (N = 308) von Fußgänger/-innen in Testfeldern von automatisierten Bussen durchgeführt. Aufbauend auf Erkenntnissen der Kommunikationstheorie werden sechs Gestaltungsdimensionen (Wer, Warum, In welcher Situation, Was, Wann, Wie) und dahinterstehende zentrale Fragestellungen identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Studien zeigen Verhaltensweisen und den Kommunikationsbedarf von Fußgänger/-innen bei der Interaktion mit automatisierten Bussen. Die Analyse anhand der Gestaltungsdimensionen legt weiteren Forschungsbedarf offen, wie z. B. nach den zukünftigen Rollen aller Beteiligten im Straßenverkehr.Praktische RelevanzDie Anwendung des Frameworks von Gestaltungsdimensionen unterstützt bei der Gestaltung der Kommunikation von automatisierten Fahrzeugen, um zukünftig die notwendige Kooperation zwischen Straßenverkehrsteilnehmenden sicherzustellen.
Effects of pylon geometry on mixing enhancement in a scramjet pylon-cavity flameholder
Authors: Oamjee A. , Sadanandan R. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTNumerical investigation of the effect of pylon geometry within a pylon-cavity aided Supersonic Combustion Ramjet (SCRAMJET) combustor on mixing enhancement, flame-holding capability, fuel jet penetration and total pressure loss are conducted in the current study. RANS equations for compressed real gas are solved by coupled, implicit, second-order upwind solver. A two-equation SST model is used for turbulence modelling. Validation of the computational model is performed with the help of experimental data collected using surface pressure taps, Schlieren flow visualisation and particle image velocimetry (PIV). The study uses four distinct pylon geometry cases, which include the baseline geometry. Sonic injection of hydrogen fuel through a 1mm diameter hole at 2mm downstream of the pylon rear face along the axis of the test section floor is performed for every case. A crossflow of Mach number 2.2 at four bar absolute pressure and standard atmospheric temperature is maintained. A comparative study of mixing efficiency, total pressure loss, fuel jet penetration and fuel plume area fraction for the different cases evaluate the mixing performance. The simulations show that the Pylon 2 case gives a significant improvement in the performance parameters compared to the other geometries. It is observed that mixing efficiency and fuel jet penetration capability of the system are highly dependent on the streamwise vortex within the flameholder.
International Transformative Constitutionalism in Latin America
Authors: von Bogdandy Armin , Urueña René 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis Article analyzes the rise of international transformative constitutionalism in Latin America and responds to some of the challenges to its legitimacy and effectiveness. It focuses on the practice of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), the decisions and procedures of which constitute a small, but vibrant and essential, part of a wider Latin American community of human rights—a diverse group of actors who confront violence, social exclusion, and weak institutions through legal means.