bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of stocking density on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the expression of hypothalamic appetite genes in broiler chickens
Authors: Liu H. , Bai S. P. , Zhang K. Y. , Ding X. M. , Wang J. P. , Zeng Q. F. , Peng H. W. , Bai J. , Xuan Y. , Su Z. W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of stocking density (SD) on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the hypothalamic appetite genes expression in broilers. A total of 2,800 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500) were distributed in a completely randomized design to 1 of 5 SD treatments with 8 replicate cages for each treatment. The SD treatments were 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, and 22.5 birds/m2, corresponding to 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 birds per cage (4 m2/cage), respectively. The concentration of tibia phosphorus was determined by the ammonium metavanadate colorimetric method and the mRNA abundance in different tissues was measured by the real-time quantitative PCR method. The data were analyzed by the one-way and/or two-way analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts were used to determine the effect of increasing SD. Feed intake linearly decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing SD during d 1-42 production period. On d 42, body weight and tibia breaking strength were significantly lower in the groups of 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5 birds/m2 than in the groups of 12.5 and 15 birds/m2 (P < 0.01). Concentrations of ash and phosphorus in the tibia of broilers linearly decreased (P < 0.03) with increasing SD on d 42. The SD of 22.5 birds/m2 decreased the mRNA abundance of neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY-receptor (NPYR) 1, and NPYR2 (P < 0.05), while it increased melanocortin receptor 4 mRNA abundance (P = 0.012) in the hypothalamus of broilers as compared with the SD of 12.5 birds/m2 on d 21 and 42. The mRNA abundance of hypothalamic cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), and CRF-receptor 1 (CRFR1) were higher (P < 0.05) in the group of 22.5 birds/m2 than in the group of 12.5 birds/m2 on d 21. We concluded that increasing stocking density beyond 15 birds/m2 (corresponding to the 45 kg/m2 at 42 days of age) suppressed final BW and bone mineralization of broilers raised in multitier cage system. Hypothalamic NPY and CRF signaling might be involved in the anorexigenic effect of HSD.
Bifunctionalized Allenes. Part XXIII. An Efficient Method for Regioselective Synthesis of 5-Phosphorylated Allenecarboxylates
Authors: Hasanov Hasan H. , Ivanov Ivaylo K. , Christov Valerij Ch. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An efficient method for regioselective synthesis of 5-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-allenecarboxylates by an atom economical [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of the mediated 3-(dimethoxyphosphanyloxy)-alk-4-ynoates is described. Alkyl 5-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-alka-3,4-dienoates can be readily prepared via reaction of alkyl 3-hydroxy-alk-4-ynoates with dimethylchlorophosphite in the presence of a base. Alkyl 3-hydroxy-alk-4-ynoates were prepared by reaction of the metallated acetylenes with commercialy available alkyl 3-oxoalkanoates.
Systems on Board the NATO E-3A Platform
Authors: Iordache Mihai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article highlights the importance of the systems on board the NATO E-3A platform and how they influence the mission and work of the aircrew. The E-3A is an Airborne Early Warning & Control (AEW&C) system designed to provide early warning information to battle managers through surveillance of airborne and maritime objects, and to provide aircraft control capabilities. Even though the system is integrated on the old airframe of Boeing 707, in the past 35 years there have been numerous upgrades. The biggest upgrade of them all is the conversion of the entire fleet of aircraft to the NATO Mid-Term (NMT) configuration and then to “glass cockpit”. Now, the fleet is embarking upon a final modernization effort to extend its service life to 2035.
Governing IT in HEIs: Systematic Mapping Review
Authors: Meçe Elinda Kajo , Sheme Enida , Trandafili Evis , Juiz Carlos , Gómez Beatriz , Colomo-Palacios Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are aware of the immense importance of achieving their strategic objectives to increase their impact on the society and to be competitive. As a board responsibility, information technology governance (ITG) plays an important role in the overall HEIs performance. Numerous HEIs are making great efforts to properly govern information technology (IT) by using ITG frameworks.

Objectives
This study investigates the overall adoption of ITG frameworks in different HEIs through a systematic mapping review.

Method
We analyzed forty relevant papers, filtered from 6 selected online libraries, and answered six research questions on ITG implementations at universities worldwide.

Results
The results show an increasing number of publications on ITG usage in HEIs in the last decade. The largest number of applications is described in Asian countries, while the most popular used frameworks are COBIT, ISO versions, and in-house developed frameworks. Finally, we describe the top challenges and benefits of ITG implementation mentioned in research papers.

Conclusion
This paper provides a deep insight into the level of integration of ITG in universities worldwide. The results will be presented to the involved stakeholders at our university to increase the awareness of ITG in HEIs and help its implementation process.
IoT and Smart Home Data Breach Risks from the Perspective of Data Protection and Information Security Law
Authors: Vojković Goran , Milenković Melita , Katulić Tihomir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
IoT and smart devices have become extremely popular in the last few years. With their capabilities to collect data, it is reasonable to have concerns about the protection of users’ personal information and privacy in general.

Objectives
Comparing existing regulations on data protection and information security rules with the new capabilities provided by IoT and smart devices.

Methods/approach
This paper will analyse information on data collected by IoT and smart devices and the corresponding legal framework to explore whether the legal framework also covers these new devices and their functionalities.

Results
Various IoT and smart devices pose a high risk to an individual's privacy. The General Data Protection Regulation, although a relatively recent law, may not adequately regulate all instances and uses of this technology. Also, due to inadequate technological protection, abuse of such devices by unauthorized persons is possible and even likely.

Conclusions
The number of IoT and smart devices is rapidly increasing. The number of IoT and smart home device security incidents is on the rise. The regulatory framework to ensure data controller and processor compliance needs to be improved in order to create a safer environment for new innovative IoT services and products without jeopardizing the rights and freedoms of data subjects. Also, it is important to increase awareness of homeowners about potential security threats when using IoT and smart devices and services.
Why Perturbations?
Authors: Popchev Ivan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Review on the book M. M. Konstantinov, P. H. Petkov. Perturbation Methods in Matrix Analysis and Control. NOVA Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2020. ISBN 978-1-53617-470-0. https://novapublishers.com/shop/perturbation-methods-in-matrix-analysis-and-control/
Qualitative-Quantitative Analysis of the „Ciplara“ Purse Seine Catches in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Zorica Barbara , Keč Vanja Čikeš , Vuletin Vedran , Mihanović Marin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pelagic fisheries in the area of the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea, more precisely in the Croatian fishing grounds, are one of the most important types of fisheries in Croatia. In this paper, the quantitative and qualitative structure of catches obtained by the „ciplara“ purse seine in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea was analysed between 2013 and 2018. According to the data collected, the largest catches by this fishing gear were made in the coastal area, precisely in the fishing zones/sub-zones A/A4, E/E2, F/F2, C/C4 and G/G1. 70% of the catches consisted of targeted species, which indicates that the studied „ciplara“ purse seine is a selective fishing gear. Biological analyses are given for four target species.
Anthropogenic Impact on Plankton and Benthos Assemblage in the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
Authors: Ugwumba Adiaha Alda Alex , Esenowo Imeh Kokoete 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The physico-chemical parameters, plankton and macro-benthic invertebrates of the Lagos Lagoon (Badore, Ajah), Lagos State, Nigeria were studied between February and July 2018 at four sampling stations in a disparate range of human activities and impact. The result of phytoplankton analysis indicated a total of 56 genera with 40 genera within Bacillariophyta, accounting for 72% of the abundance. Zooplankton comprised 26 genera with 82% of the abundance of crustacea. The benthic macroinvertebrates were composed of mollusca, arthropoda and annelida. Results also indicated that the main drivers affecting the abundance and distribution of planktonic and benthic invertebrates were water temperature, pH, TDS and EC. The monthly variations of physico-chemical parameters in the Lagoon could be the result of human activities associated with transportation, fishing and domestic sewage disposal from the surrounding settlements. Therefore, it is necessary that relevant authorities keep in check some of these activities around the Lagoon as well as educate the population on the necessity for the conservation of these water resources.
Fast, Not Furious - Adaptation of the Species List and Fish Size Classes for Fish Assemblage Survey Technique (FAST) for the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Čižmek Ivana Zubak , Stipić Sanja , Čižmek Hrvoje , Mokos Melita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Marine Protected Areas and other managed marine sites are designated to improve the status of coastal fish assemblages and protect valuable habitats. The implementation of management practices relies on data collected through monitoring activities. The monitoring of fish assemblages using the standard non-destructive methods requires significant financial resources and time. A new approach to monitoring fish assemblages in the coastal waters was recently implemented in the Mediterranean – Fish Assemblage Survey Technique (FAST). It is based on Citizen Science where trained volunteer divers collect the data following a pre-established protocol. Considering the differences in species presence/absence and their sizes between the Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea, a modification of the method was necessary. This study presents 23 main fish species and four ‘joker’ species selected for the Croatian FAST list and their respective sizes that will be considered Large (>2/3 of the total size) for implementing the method in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea.
Spatial dispersion and the concentration of buildings in an urban agglomeration – a typology proposal for the Warsaw Metropolitan Area
Authors: Sudra Paweł 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the state of dispersion and concentration of buildings in the Warsaw urban agglomeration. In particular, a goal was defined to develop a typology of basic administrative units due to the level and characteristics of the spatial concentration of buildings. The study was conducted based on the municipalities (urban, urban-rural and rural) of the Warsaw Metropolitan Area (delimitation of the Warsaw urban agglomeration used for the strategic and planning purposes) and districts of the capital city of Poland. Data on buildings was obtained from the topographic objects database. The share of buildings in total, as well as single-family and multi-family housing objects, was taken into account (these two categories were assumed to be the main determinants of suburbanization). Two methods were used to analyze their distribution: the density quotient factor, and the average nearest neighbour method. The spatial arrangement of buildings covers a wide spectrum of types, determined by combinations of both extreme and intermediate values of two dimensions of spatial concentration – the density of objects and the degree of their spatial dispersion (level of regularity, randomization, or clustering in their distribution). The typology allows us to indicate units for which similarly oriented spatial policy should be applied. The method of construction of the developed typology may be useful for application to research in other areas.
Educators’ Digital Competence in Swedish Rural Schools
Authors: Pettersson Gerd , Näsström Gunilla 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents a survey census study performed in a small, remotely located municipality with four rural schools in the north of Sweden. The study is part of a larger project, Remote Consulting in special needs education between special educators and class teachers, the aim of which is to increase the equivalence between the municipality’s schools by giving more class teachers improved access to special needs education (SNE) consultations provided by special educators via remote consulting.Prior to the start of the project, a questionnaire was sent out to all the class teachers in the participating schools. All the teachers approached answered the questionnaire. One of the aims of the survey was to gain increased knowledge about the teachers’ self-efficacy in their use of ICT. The most intriguing result was that three of the five 50-59 year-old teachers estimated their knowledge about ICT to be above average compared to that of their colleagues. A similar pattern was identified in the teachers’ use of ICT in their teaching. Of those who used ICT every day, three were 30-39 years old, three were 50-59 years old and one was 40-49 years old, while all of those who used ICT less than once a week were younger than 39. The results of the study indicate that the teachers in this study are adequately equipped to proceed from physical counselling to remote consulting in special needs education.
Karl Bühler’s Fantasmatic Deixis Between Motion, Gestures, and Words
Authors: De Vita Chiara 
Published: December 2020

Summary
What is the “fantasmatic deixis”? It is a very creative and productive cognitive–linguistic operation that allows a “transfer” to other real or fantastic times, places, and “worlds”. The underlying psychological question concerns the possibility of moving and being moved with respect to something or someone who is absent (Bühler, 1965). This “fiction game” is made possible by deictic indicators (Tenchini, 2008), terms that allow motion in time and space, always considering the here–now–I system of subjective orientation. When we refer to something that can be gathered by hearing or by sight, by terms such as here, there, I, and you, the receiver can easily use natural, prelinguistic aids (e.g., gestures, voice quality, facial expressions, and body orientation) to understand what the issuer intends to communicate to him (demonstratio ad oculos). But what happens when we move from the study of “immediate” behavior to that of “mediate” behavior, i.e., the field of memories (retrospection) or the constructive fantasy (prospecting)? The fantasmatic deixis implies enfranchisement from the physical position of the body and requires the assumption of the listener’s current tactile body image. Thus, the receiver assumes an inner attitude to correctly interpret the indications given by the speaker, seeing and hearing through the “inner” or “mental” eye and ear (Raynaud, 2006). In this way, the listener can bring something absent in his/her here, now, and I or feel moved to the point where the speaker leads him/her. My paper will focus on the features and types of fantasmatic deixis, providing some examples and showing how this operation involves language, motion, and cognitive processes.
Using Network Embedding to Obtain a Richer and More Stable Network Layout for a Large Scale Bibliometric Network
Authors: Chen Ting , Li Guopeng , Deng Qiping , Wang Xiaomei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The goal of this study is to explore whether deep learning based embedded models can provide a better visualization solution for large citation networks.

Design/methodology/approach
Our team compared the visualization approach borrowed from the deep learning community with the well-known bibliometric network visualization for large scale data. 47,294 highly cited papers were visualized by using three network embedding models plus the t-SNE dimensionality reduction technique. Besides, three base maps were created with the same dataset for evaluation purposes. All base maps used the classic OpenOrd method with different edge cutting strategies and parameters.

Findings
The network embedded maps with t-SNE preserve a very similar global structure to the full edges classic force-directed map, while the maps vary in local structure. Among them, the Node2Vec model has the best overall visualization performance, the local structure has been significantly improved and the maps’ layout has very high stability.

Research limitations
The computational and time costs of training are very high for network embedded models to obtain high dimensional latent vector. Only one dimensionality reduction technique was tested.

Practical implications
This paper demonstrates that the network embedding models are able to accurately reconstruct the large bibliometric network in the vector space. In the future, apart from network visualization, many classical vector-based machine learning algorithms can be applied to network representations for solving bibliometric analysis tasks.

Originality/value
This paper provides the first systematic comparison of classical science mapping visualization with network embedding based visualization on a large scale dataset. We showed deep learning based network embedding model with t-SNE can provide a richer, more stable science map. We also designed a practical evaluation method to investigate and compare maps.
Evaluation of the effect of surgical and immunological castration of male pigs on boar taint compounds in oral fluid and fat tissue by LC-MS/MS method
Authors: Woźniak Barbara , Cybulski Piotr , Jabłoński Artur , Witek Sebastian , Matraszek-Żuchowska Iwona 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
An effective way of preventing undesirable boar taint in pork meat caused by the presence of androstenone, skatole and indole is surgical castration of piglets. This, however, arouses growing social opposition. An alternative method of inhibiting the development of unpleasant odour is immune castration. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of both methods of castration for the elimination of the compounds responsible and to assess the suitability of oral fluid for pre-slaughter predictive testing for boar taint.

Material and Methods
The research material was pooled oral fluid and fat samples taken from gilts and surgically and immunologically castrated piglets. The samples were tested with a liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry method developed in this research.

Results
The compounds giving rise to boar taint were found only sporadically above the accepted limits; only one sample of oral fluid contained skatole at a concentration above 200 μg L−1 and one contained indole more concentrated than 100 μg L−1. Indole above the limit value was also detected in one fat sample. In none of the tested samples was androstenone found.

Conclusion
The results indicate the similar effectiveness of both methods of piglet castration on the reduction of compounds generating boar taint. The usefulness of testing oral fluid for the ante-mortem prediction of boar taint has not been fully confirmed and further investigation is needed.
A new conjugate gradient method for acceleration of gradient descent algorithms
Authors: Rahali Noureddine , Belloufi Mohammed , Benzine Rachid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An accelerated of the steepest descent method for solving unconstrained optimization problems is presented. which propose a fundamentally different conjugate gradient method, in which the well-known parameter βk
is computed by an new formula. Under common assumptions, by using a modified Wolfe line search, descent property and global convergence results were established for the new method. Experimental results provide evidence that our proposed method is in general superior to the classical steepest descent method and has a potential to significantly enhance the computational efficiency and robustness of the training process.
Independence despite Political Appointment ? The Curious Case of the Austrian Ombudsman Board
Authors: Dahlvik Julia , Pohn-Weidinger Axel , Kollegger Martina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the politicization of public institutions through the case of national ombudspersons. While there is an established literature on the politicization of top public officials, we lack research on the politicization and / or de-facto independence of supreme or supervisory bodies, including ombuds institutions. In this paper, we combine the insights of three bodies of literature in order to build a framework for the empirical study of national ombuds institutions: Literature (1) on the independence of public institutions, in particular ombuds and regulatory agencies, (2) on politicization and party patronage in state institutions, and (3) on career patterns and selection criteria of top public officials and the administrative elite. We then discuss these issues on the basis of an empirical field study of the Austrian om-buds institution: First, drawing on a socio-demographic analysis of ombudspersons we identify common features of their profiles and career paths. We find that overall the ombudspersons represent a relatively homogenous group, but the political party represents an explanatory variable for some of the ombudspersons’ characteristics. The second set of empirical results, drawing primarily on qualitative interviews with case-handling staff, demonstrates that despite the institution’s public efforts and many interviewees’ reassurances that the AOB is independent and acts as such, there are several areas in which party-related positions become visible in the AOB’s work. These results are integrated into a typology on the effects of political appointment modes of ombudspersons, which should enable further research in this field.
European Hamster at the edge: declining in nature and rare in owl pellets×
Authors: Purger Jenő J. , Kurucz Kornélia , Szép Dávid , Purger Dragica , Kryštufek Boris , Ivajnšič Danijel , Klenovšek Tina , Janžekovič Franc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over the last decades, the European Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) has been declining in many parts of its European range. Due to the lack of recent information on the occurrence and status of the European Hamster in the south-western Carpathian Basin west of the Danube, we used information gathered from prey remains in Common Barn-owl (Tyto alba) pellets. In spite of considerable sampling effort, we retrieved only few hamster remnants. Two skulls were found in Podolje (Croatia) in 2007 and 2016, respectively. Further five hamsters were retrieved from pellets collected in 2017, 11 km to the northwest in Udvar (Hungary). In Sátorhely, 5 km north from Udvar, one roadkill male was found on 27.07.2019. Testimonies from local inhabitants confirmed the current presence of the European Hamster in the area. Our results suggest the presence of a small isolated population in the border area of Croatia (UTM 10 km grid square CR27) and Hungary (CR18, CR19). This small isolated population is on the south-western limit of the range of the species. We presume that the population requires conservation attention because of its isolated position at the edge of the species’ range, its small size and low abundance. We call for a transboundary action by nature conservation authorities in Croatia and Hungary.