bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
НОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЭМИССИЙ ПРИ СБРОСАХ В ГЛУБОКИЕ ВОДОНОСНЫЕ ГОРИЗОНТЫ
Authors: Kalmykova N. , Zelenin A. , Sadomskiy V. 
Published: December 2020

Deep underground reservoirs are characterized by a stable structure with unique properties to contain and retain various production waste for a long time in a safe condition. In this context, deep underground aquifers are considered as localized underground targets designed for industrial waste disposal to prevent or reduce a maninduced load on surface water bodies, resources of which are sought-for the drinking and domestic water supply.
In the environmental legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the limits for the environmental emissions are established within the maximum permissible discharges (MPD) of industrial wastewater exclusively for surface water bodies. At the same time, no define procedural conditions were determined in the legal norms for MPD limitation when injecting industrial wastewater to the underground aquifers that are also referred to the water bodies as defined.
A methodological approach to the limitation of harmful and (or) hazardous substances in industrial wastewater injected to the deep underground localized horizons is considered in the proposed review based on the existing developments of the leading oil companies in the Republic of Kazakhstan taking into account the requirements of the national environmental legislation.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СРОКОВ ПОСЕВА И ГУСТОТЫ СТОЯНИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ УРОЖАЯ И КАЧЕСТВА МОРКОВИ СТОЛОВОЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: Voronkin E. , Kashnova E. 
Published: December 2020

Целью наших исследований является разработка элементов ресурсосберегающей технологии возделывания столовой моркови нового сорта Боярыня в условиях Западной Сибири, обеспечивающих получение высоких урожаев.
В данной статье рассматриваются сроки посева и нормы высева семян как элементы ресурсосберегающей технологии возделывания столовой моркови.
Приводятся результаты исследований по влиянию сроков посева и густоты стояния растений на формирование урожая и качества моркови столовой сорта Боярыня в условиях Западной Сибири.
Diary Skizofrenia untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penderita Skizofrenia Berbasis Android
Authors: Abdi Pandu Kusuma  , Rahmatika Aini Miza 
Published: December 2020

Skizofrenia merupakan penyakit disabilitas yang berfokus pada keterpecahan informasi pada otak. Perlu adanya treatment yang dilakukan untuk menyembuhkan penderita dari hendaya kognitif yang diderita. Melihat fenomena tersebut, peneliti merancang suatu aplikasi yang bernama Diary Skizofrenia Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penderita Skizofrenia. Aplikasi tersebut berisi pertanyaan bacaan, melihat video, mendengarkan lagu, melengkapi kalimat rumpang, dan menata bangun ruang. Pengukuran yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan skala ScoRs (Schizophrenia cognitive Rating Scale). Pengujian aplikasi dilakukan menggunakan alpha testing dan beta testing. Alpha testing dilakukan dengan pengujian black box dengan tingkat akurasi pengujian sebesar 76,19 %, sedangkan Beta testing dilakukan dengan pengujian terhadap ahli media dan dokter psikiater dengan hasil presentase masing-masing sebesar 45,45 %. Hasil Penerapan aplikasi yang diterapkan pada penderita Skizofrenia dari Posyanndu Desa Jajar Talun berbanding lurus dengan skala Scors yang diujikan.
Abstract
Skizophrenia is a disability disease that focuses on the dissage of information on the brain. There needs to be treatment done to cure sufferers of cognitive hendaya suffered. Looking at the phenomenon, researchers designed an app an application called Schizophrenia Diary to Improve the Ability of Schizophrenics. The app contains reading questions, viewing videos, listening to songs, completing sentences, and organizing space builds. Measurement is used using ScoRs (Schizophrenia cognitive Rating Scale). Application testing is done using alpha testing and beta testing. Alpha testing is done with black box testing with a test accuracy rate of 76,19 %, while Beta testing is done by testing media experts and psychiatrists with a percentage result of 45,45 %. The results of the application applied to schizophrenia sufferers from Posyanndu, Jajar Talun Village are directly proportional to the Scors scale tested.
Metabolic Effects of Methanol Extract of Harmal (Peganum Harmal ) in Rats Fed With Normal Diet
Authors:   Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Mollashahi Esmail , Kazerani Hamid Reza ,   Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Aims: The research aimed to investigate the effects of harmal (Peganum harmal ) seed extract on the weight and some metabolic parameters. Methods & Materials: Male rats, in groups of 7, received different doses of the methanol extract of harmal seed (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/d body weight) or placebo via a gastric tube for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, the weights of the body, liver, spleen, and heart, and also the levels of some serum parameters, including glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, insulin, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones, as well as the composition of the carcass were investigated. Findings: The mean weight gain, food intake, and the serum level of triiodothyronine (T3) significantly declined in the rats receiving the extract at 400 mg/kg. In contrast, the serum level of cholesterol in the group increased (P<0.001). The serum levels of glucose were significantly lower in all experimental groups compared to the control. Furthermore, the groups treated with the methanol extract dose-dependently showed higher serum lactate dehydrogenase levels compared to the control (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed regarding other studied parameters compared with the control group. Conclusion: This research suggests positive effects for harmal extract on some metabolic parameters and weight. At least one of the involved mechanisms seems to be declined appetite and hence decreased feed intake.
A Two-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for Brain Tumor Detection From MRI
Authors:   Department of Engineering Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering, Azad University, Ferdows Branch, Ferdows, Iran., Najaf-Zadeh Ayoub 
Published: December 2020

Aims: Cancerous brain tumors are among the most dangerous diseases that lower the quality of life of people for many years. Their detection in the early stages paves the way for the proper treatment. The present study aimed to present a two-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for detecting brain tumors under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using the deep learning method. Methods & Materials: The proposed method has two stages of feature extraction and classification. A 12-layer CNN was used to extract the features of the MRI images and then the softmax activation function was used to classify these features. The proposed method was applied to a standard database consisting of three brain tumor types of meningioma, glioma, and pituitary. Findings: The proposed method had better performance compared to previously presented methods. Its accuracy was reported as 98.68%. Conclusion: Meningioma, glioma, and pituitary tumors are the most common types of brain tumors. Early detection of these tumors can decrease the risk of death. Because of its fully connected structure, the use of proposed deep CNN can help physicians to correctly detect brain tumors with MRI images.
Comparison of Static and Dynamic Postural Stability Between Individuals With and Without Forward Head Posture
Authors:   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Abbasi Hamed , Alizadeh Mohammad Hossein ,   Department of Sport Medicine and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran., Rajabi Reza ,   Department of Sport Medicine and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran., Mohammadi Fariba ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The growing popularity of media devices such as smartphones and computers has made humankind to acquire forward head posture increasingly. This study aimed to compare static and dynamic postural stability between people with and without forward head posture. Methods: 15 male students with normal posture (24±4 years, 173±6 cm and 70±6 kg) and 15 male students with forward head posture (25±3 years, 178±7 cm and 68±5 kg) were selected purposefully according to the Cranio-vertebral angle. Biodex Stability System was evaluated used to measure Static and dynamic postural stability. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in dynamic postural stability in both open and closed eyes conditions(P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed in static postural stability in both open and closed eyes conditions (P>0.05). Conclusion: Individuals with forward head posture performed weaker in dynamic postural stability than normal ones, as a result, forward head posture is considered as one of the factors disturbing dynamic postural stability.
Comparing Two Sports Injury Surveillance Systems: A Novel Systematic Approach
Authors:   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Ebrahimi Varkiani Mojtaba , Alizadeh Mohammad Hossien ,   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Rajabi Reza ,   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Minoonejad Hooman ,   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The present study aimed to compare two sports injury surveillance systems per the sports injury recording system of the sports medicine federation. Methods: A sports injury surveillance system was implemented to collect injury data. Athletic trainers recorded athletes’ sports injuries in soccer, volleyball, handball, taekwondo, and wrestling for 6 months in their user account via a smartphone-based application. The sports recording system routinely collected data alongside the sports injury surveillance system. Finally, the collected results were compared with the federation’s sports injury recording system. Results: Overall, 81 sports injuries were reported to the surveillance system. The incidence rate of 1.39 injuries per 1000 registered athletes was calculated in a sports injury surveillance system. This incidence rate was equal to 0.32 injuries per 1000 athletes registered in the sports injury recording system. Contusion and bruising were the most frequent injuries. However, there was no data on injury type in the sports injury recording system. Fingers and knees were the most commonly reported body parts in the sports injury surveillance system; however, knee and thigh were the most commonly recorded parts in the sports injury recording system. There was also a significant difference between the results of the two systems (P<0.05). Conclusion: Different implementation and reporting methods as well as having injury definition may affect the results. Employing easy access and user-friendly tools may facilitate injury recording.
Implementasi dan Analisis Quality of Service (QoS) pada OpenMeetings dengan Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Authors: Amiza Ibel Dwi , Lindawati Lindawati , Soim Sopian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract — Video Conference is a communication service that can be used to bring together two users (client) or more. Video conferencing can be used for a variety of activities that require communication in real-time without having to come face to face directly. One open-source that can be utilized as a means of communicating is OpenMeetings. OpenMeetings uses IP and in the same network as a means of conducting video conferencing between clients. But if a client is not in the same network, it can utilize the Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology. The VPN can be remote by using a MikroTik router. The Video conferencing service requires fairly high and stable connectivity. Quality of Service (QoS) can be used whether the network is eligible for video conferencing. The QoS parameters used are throughput and packet loss. The QoS test can be done using Wireshark.
Applying the Inverse Efficiency Score to Visual–Motor Task for Studying Speed-Accuracy Performance While Aging
Authors: Statsenko Yauhen , Habuza Tetiana , Gorkom Klaus Neidl-Van , Zaki Nazar , Almansoori Taleb M. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The current study examines the relationship between speed and accuracy of performance in a reaction time setting and explores the informative value of the inverse efficiency score (IES) regarding the possibility to reflect age-related cognitive changes.Objectives: To study the characteristics of speed and accuracy while performing psychophysiological tests throughout the lifespan; to examine the speed-accuracy ratio in age groups and to apply IES to discriminative visual-motor reaction task; and to figure out the predictive potential of psychophysiological tests to identify IES values.Methods: We utilize nonparametric statistical tests, regression analysis, and supervised machine learning methods.Results and Conclusion: The examinees under 20 and over 60 years of age share one tendency regarding the speed-accuracy ratio without speed-accuracy trade-off. Both at the time of active developmental changes in adolescence and during ongoing atrophic changes in elderly there is a tendency toward a rise of the number of mistakes while slowing the reaction. In the age range from 20 to 60 the relationship between the speed and accuracy is opposite and speed-accuracy trade-off is present. In our battery, complex visual-motor reaction is the only test with the significant negative association between reaction time and error rate in the subcohort of young and midlife adults taken together. On average, women perform more slowly and accurately than men in the speed-accuracy task, however most of the gender-related differences are insignificant. Using results of other psychophysiological tests, we predicted IES values for the visual-motor reaction with high accuracy (R2 = 0.77 ± 0.08; mean absolute error / IES range = 3.37%). The regression model shows the best performance in the cognitively preserved population groups of young and middle-aged adults (20–60 years). Because of the individual rate of neurodevelopment in youth and cognitive decline in the elderly, the regression model for these subcohorts has a low predictive performance. IES accounts for different cognitive subdomains and may reflect their disproportional changes throughout the lifespan. This encourages us to proceed to explore the combination of executive functioning and psychophysiological test results utilizing machine learning models. The latter can be designed as a reliable computer-aided detector of cognitive changes at early stages.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Differentiating Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinoma From Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Wanxiang , Zhang Jinfu , Yang Xianwei , Shen Shu , Wang Wentao 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo establish a nomogram based on preoperative laboratory study variables using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression for differentiating combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA).MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of iCCA and cHCC patients who underwent liver resection. Blood signatures were established using LASSO regression, and then, the clinical risk factors based on the multivariate logistic regression and blood signatures were combined to establish a nomogram for a differential preoperative diagnosis between iCCA and cHCC. The differential accuracy ability of the nomogram was determined by Harrell’s index (C-index) and decision curve analysis, and the results were validated using a validation set. Furthermore, patients were categorized into two groups according to the optimal cut-off values of the nomogram-based scores, and their survival differences were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves.ResultsA total of 587 patients who underwent curative liver resection for iCCA or cHCC between January 2008 and December 2017 at West China Hospital were enrolled in this study. The cHCC score was based on the personalized levels of the seven laboratory study variables. On multivariate logistic analysis, the independent factors for distinguishing cHCC were age, sex, biliary duct stones, and portal hypertension, all of which were incorporated into the nomogram combined with the cHCC-score. The nomogram had a good discriminating capability, with a C-index of 0.796 (95% CI, 0.752–0.840). The calibration plot for distinguishing cHCC from iCCA showed optimal agreement between the nomogram prediction and actual observation in the training and validation sets. The decision curves indicated significant clinical usefulness.ConclusionThe nomogram showed good accuracy for the differential diagnosis between iCCA and cHCC preoperatively, and therapeutic decisions would improve if it was applied in clinical practice.
Stem Cells as Therapy for Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Villamor-Martinez Eduardo , Hundscheid Tamara , Kramer Boris W. , Hooijmans Carlijn R , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: December 2020

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common life-threatening gastrointestinal condition among very and extremely preterm infants. Stem cell therapy has shown some promising protective effects in animal models of intestinal injury, including NEC, but no systematic review has yet evaluated the preclinical evidence of stem cell therapy for NEC prevention or treatment.Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for studies using an animal model of NEC with stem cells or their products. The SYRCLE tool was used for the assessment of risk of bias. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: We screened 953 studies, of which nine (eight rat and one mouse models) met the inclusion criteria. All animal models induced NEC by a combination of hypothermia, hypoxia, and formula feeding. Risk of bias was evaluated as unclear on most items for all studies included. Meta-analysis found that both mesenchymal and neural stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes reduced the incidence of all NEC (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.16–0.32, k = 16), grade 2 NEC (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.70, k = 16), and grade 3–4 NEC (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.19–0.42, k = 16). k represents the number of independent effect sizes included in each meta-analysis. The effect of the exosomes was similar to that of the stem cells. Stem cells and exosomes also improved 4-day survival (OR 2.89 95% CI 2.07–4.04, k = 9) and 7-day survival (OR 3.96 95% CI 2.39–6.55, k = 5) after experimental NEC. Meta-analysis also found that stem cells reduced other indicators of intestinal injury.Conclusion: The data from this meta-analysis suggest that both stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes prevented NEC in rodent experimental models. However, unclear risk of bias and incomplete reporting underline that poor reporting standards are common and hamper the reliable interpretation of preclinical evidence for stem cell therapy for NEC.
Complications Following Primary Repair of Non-proximal Hypospadias in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Yuhao , Wang Junke , Zhao Tianxin , Wei Yuexin , Han Lindong , Liu Xing , Lin Tao , Wei Guanghui , Wu Shengde 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the complications and postoperative outcomes of children with non-proximal hypospadias.Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL were searched systematically from January 1990 to June 2020 for the literature that reported the postoperative outcomes of patients with non-proximal hypospadias. Non-proximal hypospadias encompassed distal and mid-penile hypospadias.Results: We included 44 studies involving 10,666 subjects. Urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) was the most common complication with an incidence of 4.0% (95% CI, 3.1–5.0%). Incidence of overall complications was 8.0% (95% CI, 6.3–9.8%). Meta-regression analysis revealed that length of urethral stent indwelling (coefficient 0.006; 95% CI, 0.000–0.011; p = 0.036) and penile dressing (coefficient 0.010; 95% CI, 0.000–0.021; p = 0.048) were two risk factors for UCF. Multivariate meta-regression analysis did not identify any independent risk factors for UCF. No differences were found between stent and stentless groups in non-proximal hypospadias regarding incidences of UCF (OR, 0.589; 95% CI, 0.267–1.297), meatal stenosis (OR, 0.880; 95% CI, 0.318–2.437), and overall complications (OR, 0.695; 95% CI, 0.403–1.199). No differences were found between foreskin preservation and circumcision in terms of complications either.Conclusions: UCF is the most common complication following hypospadias repair with an incidence of 4.0%. Independent risk factors for UCF were not identified in the current research. Distal hypospadias repair without stent indwelling is not likely to compromise the postoperative outcome. Further studies should be designed to explore the differences between different surgical approaches and the potential risk factors for complications following hypospadias repair.
Increasing Risks of Suicide Attempt and Suicidal Drug Overdose After Head Trauma in Patients With Sleep-Disordered Breathing: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Harnod Dorji , Lin Cheng-Li , Harnod Tomor , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine the risks of suicide attempt (SA) and suicidal drug overdose (SDO) after head trauma in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) by using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan.Methods: We analyzed the data of patients aged ≥20 years who were diagnosed with SDB between 2000 and 2012. We further divided them into two cohorts [with admission for head injury (SBI) and without (SBN)], and we compared them against sex-, age-, comorbidity-, and index-date-matched healthy individuals. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals of SA and SDO were calculated with adjustment of age, sex, and comorbidities.Results: Approximately 0.61% of patients among the overall 142,063 patients with SDB had SA, with 535 and 335 patients included in the SBN and SBI cohorts, respectively. Compared with patients with SBN, a significantly higher risk of SA was observed in patients with SBI (aHR = 2.22), especially in those aged under 50 years (aHR = 2.48). Notably, a SDO incidence of 1.20% was noted in patients with SDB, and the SBI cohort had a 1.81-fold higher risk for SDO when compared with the SBN cohort.Conclusion: The risks of subsequent SA and SDO are proportionally increased by the effects of head trauma with a moderating role of SDB, especially in those aged &lt;50 years. SDB and head trauma can increase suicide behaviors individually and synergistically.