bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scoping Review of the Impact of Family Presence on Pediatric Resuscitation Team Members*
Authors: Deacon Amanda , O’Neill Thomas A. , Gilfoyle Elaine 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
The purpose of this scoping review was to identify the extent, range, and nature of information currently available on family presence during pediatric resuscitation on resuscitation team members and their performance.

Data Sources:
A comprehensive search strategy was created and executed by identifying primary keywords in central articles, pretesting key words and combinations of them in databases to confirm articles returned fell within the search parameters, and checking that key articles were returned which confirmed the search strategy was not too narrow.

Study Selection:
Two members of the research team independently conducted relevance screening using predetermined inclusion and exclusion parameters. Titles and abstracts of retrieved articles were reviewed using the set criteria involving. From the refined list of selected articles, full texts of each article were considered for final determination of inclusion.

Data Extraction:
Key items of information were gathered from each article selected using a predefined extraction list. The extracted information was then sorted into themes and relevant issues.

Data Synthesis:
Of the 3,012 studies initially identified, 48 met the inclusion criteria. Themes identified included as follows: 1) attitudes and opinions on family presence during pediatric resuscitation; 2) reasons in support of or against family presence during pediatric resuscitation; 3) education, training, and support; and 4) resuscitation performance and outcomes. Our review of the available information highlighted that the majority of work done to this point has focused heavily on healthcare provider opinions and relied mainly on survey method.

Conclusions:
We propose that future research employ more rigorous research techniques, such as randomized control trials, place greater emphasis on healthcare provider behaviors and clinical outcomes during family presence during pediatric resuscitation, and increase exploration into the education and training needs of healthcare providers who already currently manage family presence during pediatric resuscitation.
Reaching a Different Population of MSM in West Africa With the Integration of PrEP Into a Comprehensive Prevention Package (CohMSM-PrEP ANRS 12369—Expertise France)
Authors: Eubanks August , Dembélé Keita Bintou , Anoma Camille , Dah Ter T.E. , Mensah Ephrem , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Bourrelly Michel , Mora Marion , Riegel Lucas , Rojas Castro Daniela , Yaya Issifou , Spire Bruno , Laurent Christian , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis ,   the CohMSM-PrEP Study Group
Published: July 2020

Background:
In West Africa, few HIV services target men who have sex with men (MSM). In 2015, the interventional cohort CohMSM started offering a community-based prevention package for MSM. Participants expressed interest in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and their eligibility was demonstrated. In 2017, PrEP was added to services already offered as part of a new program, CohMSM-PrEP, which recruited CohMSM participants and new participants. We aimed to determine whether the introduction of PrEP as an additional prevention tool influenced the type of participant signing up for CohMSM-PrEP.

Methods:
CohMSM-PrEP recruited HIV-negative MSM in community-based clinics in Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Togo. Quarterly follow-up included free clinical examinations, PrEP, HIV/sexually transmitted infection screening, peer education, condoms, and lubricants. Sociobehavioral data were collected every 3 months using face-to-face questionnaires. Our outcome was participant type: new participants vs CohMSM participants. Logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with being a new participant.

Results:
Of the 524 MSM included in CohMSM-PrEP, 41% were new participants. After adjustment, multivariate analysis showed they were more socioeconomically disadvantaged with financial insecurity, social isolation—including isolation within the MSM community—and riskier sexual practices.

Conclusion:
The introduction of PrEP as an additional prevention tool and the use of peer-based outreach services over time influenced the type of participant signing up for a community-based HIV prevention cohort in West Africa. Adding these elements to existing interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa could be the key to reaching MSM marginalized from HIV prevention and care programs.
Depression Is a Major Determinant of Functional Capacity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Isnardi Carolina A. , Capelusnik Dafne , Schneeberger Emilce Edith , Bazzarelli Marcela , Berloco Laura , Blanco Eliana , Benítez Cristian A. , Luján Benavidez Federico , Scarafia Santiago , Lázaro María A. , Pérez Alamino Rodolfo , Colombres Francisco , Kohan María P. , Sosa Julia , Gonzalez Lucero Luciana , Barbaglia Ana L. , Maldonado Ficco Hernán , Citera Gustavo 
Published: July 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Argentinean patients and its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study of consecutive adults with RA. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, RA disease activity, and current treatment were assessed. The following instruments were used to evaluate quality of life (EQ-5D-3 L [EURO Quality 5-dimension 3 lines], QOL-RA [Quality of Life–Rheumatoid Arthritis]), functional capacity (HAQ-A [Health Assessment Questionnaire–Argentinean version]), and depression (PHQ-9 [Patient Health Questionnaire 9]; scores 5–9: mild, 10–14: moderate, 15–19: moderate-severe, and ≥20: severe depression, a cutoff value ≥10 is diagnostic of major depression).

Results
Two hundred fifty-eight patients were included, with a median disease duration of 9 years (interquartile range, 3.6–16.7 years). The m PHQ-9 score was 6 (interquartile range, 2–12.3 years). The prevalence of major depression was 33.8%. The frequency of mild, moderate, moderate/severe, and severe depression was 66 (25.6%), 42 (16.3%), 27 (10.5%), and 18 (7%), respectively. Patients with major depression had worse functional capacity (HAQ-A: mean ± SD, 1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 0.7 ± 0.7; p < 0.0001), poorer quality of life (QOL-RA: mean ± SD, 5.4 ± 1.8 vs. 7.3 ± 1.6; p < 0.0001), greater pain (visual analog scale: mean ± SD, 56.2 ± 27.5 mm vs. 33.4 ± 25.7 mm; p < 0.0001), higher disease activity (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints: mean ± SD, 4.3 ± 1.4 vs. 3.3 ± 1.3; p < 0.0001), higher frequency of comorbidities (67% vs. 33%; p = 0.017), and lower frequency of physical activity (22% vs. 35%; p = 0.032). In the multivariate analysis, patients with moderate and severe depression had worse functional capacity (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–4.3; p < 0.0001) and quality of life (odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–0.8; p < 0.0001), independently of disease activity.

Conclusions
A third of RA patients in this Argentinean cohort had major depression. In those patients, depression was associated with worst functional capacity and quality of life.
Fluency shaping increases integration of the command-to-execution and the auditory-to-motor pathways in persistent developmental stuttering
Authors: Korzeczek Alexandra , Primaßin Annika , von Gudenberg Alexander Wolff , Dechent Peter , Paulus Walter , Sommer Martin , Neef Nicole E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFluency-shaping enhances the speech fluency of persons who stutter, yet underlying conditions and neuroplasticity-related mechanisms are largely unknown. While speech production-related brain activity in stuttering is well studied, it is unclear whether therapy repairs networks of altered sensorimotor integration, imprecise neural timing and sequencing, faulty error monitoring, or insufficient speech planning. Here, we tested the impact of one-year fluency-shaping therapy on resting-state fMRI connectivity within sets of brain regions subserving these speech functions. We analyzed resting-state data of 22 patients who participated in a fluency-shaping program, 18 patients not participating in therapy, and 28 fluent control participants, measured one year apart. Improved fluency was accompanied by an increased synchronization within the sensorimotor integration network. Specifically, two connections were strengthened; the left inferior frontal gyrus showed increased connectivity with the precentral gyrus at the representation of the left laryngeal motor cortex, and the left inferior frontal gyrus showed increased connectivity with the right superior temporal gyrus. Thus, therapy-associated neural remediation was based on a strengthened integration of the command-to-execution pathway together with an increased auditory-to-motor coupling. Since we investigated task-free brain activity, we assume that our findings are not biased to network activity involved in compensation but represent long-term focal neuroplasticity effects.
Epitope Prediction of Antigen Protein using Attention-Based LSTM Network
Authors: Noumi Toshiaki , Inoue Seiichi , Fujita Haruka , Sadamitsu Kugatsu , Sakaguchi Makoto , Tenma Akiko , Nakagami Hironori 
Published: July 2020

AbstractB-cells inducing antigen-specific immune responses in vivo produce large amounts of antigen-specific antibodies by recognizing the subregions (epitope regions) of antigen proteins. They can inhibit their functioning by binding antibodies to antigen proteins. Predicting of epitope regions is beneficial for the design and development of vaccines aimed to induce antigen-specific antibody production. However, prediction accuracy requires improvement. The conventional epitope region prediction methods have focused only on the target sequence in the amino acid sequences of an entire antigen protein and have not thoroughly considered its sequence and features as a whole. In the present paper, we propose a deep learning method based on short-term memory with an attention mechanism to consider the characteristics of a whole antigen protein in addition to the target sequence. The proposed method achieves better accuracy compared with the conventional method in the experimental prediction of epitope regions using the data from the immune epitope database.
An Outpatient Telehealth Elective for Displaced Clinical Learners during the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Weber Alec M. , Dua Anoushka , Chang Kitae , Jupalli Hamsitha , Rizwan Farsha , Chouthai Abhishek , Chen Catherine 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn response to the Coronavirus pandemic, medical schools suspended clinical rotations. This displacement of students from the wards has limited experiential learning opportunities. Concurrently, outpatient practices are experiencing reduced volumes of in-person visits and shifting towards virtual healthcare. This transition comes with its own logistical challenges. Here, we discuss a workflow that enabled students to engage in meaningful clinical education while helping the RWJMS outpatient practices implement remote telehealth visits.MethodsA four-week virtual elective was designed to offer clerkship students the opportunity to participate in virtual telehealth patient encounters. Students were prepared with EMR training and introduced to an outpatient workflow that supports healthcare providers in the ambulatory setting. Patients were consented to telehealth services before encounters with students. All collected clinical information was documented in the EMR, after which students transitioned patients to a virtual Doxy.me video call appointment. Clinical and educational outcomes of students’ participation were evaluated.ResultsSurvey results showed students felt well-prepared to initiate patient encounters. They also expressed comfort while engaging with patients virtually during telehealth appointments. Students further identified educational value, citing opportunities to develop patient management plans consistent with in-person clinical experiences. A significant healthcare burden was also alleviated by student involvement. Over 1000 total scheduled appointments were serviced by students who transitioned over 80% of patients into virtual provider waiting rooms.DiscussionAfter piloting this elective with rising fourth-year students, pre-clerkship students were also recruited to act in a role normally associated with clinical learners (e.g., elicit patient histories, conduct a review of systems, etc.). An additional telehealth elective is being designed so medical students can contribute to inpatient care without risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. These efforts are designed to allow students to continue with their clinical education during the pandemic.
Quality controlled SARS-CoV-2 duplex procedure to reduce time and scarce molecular biology diagnosis reagents
Authors: Collin Annaelle , Chaboteaux Carole , Fontaine Véronique , Lefèvre Philippe 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to provide validated procedures allowing to detect the SARS-CoV-2 and an internal control in a unique one-step duplex RT-qPCR. Two internal controls were tested, targeting either the Schmallenberg virus RNA provided by the NARILIS laboratory (University of Namur) with a HEX-labelled probe or a Diagenode Diagnostics internal control with a Cy5-labelled probe. Our results showed that Ct values of the RT-qPCR duplex assay were even smaller in the optimized working conditions, allowing to use the optimized qPCR conditions in routine diagnosis.
Demographic and clinical differences in patients with positional obstructive sleep apnea and development of a discrimination model
Authors: Lin Shang-Yang , Tsai Cheng-Yu , Liu Wen-Te 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease, and positional OSA (pOSA) is a subgroup whose OSA severity is highly affected by sleeping position. This study investigated differences in demographic and sleep characteristics between patients with and without pOSA and developed a simple discrimination model.MethodsWe reviewed polysomnography records of patients admitted to the Sleep Center at Shuang-Ho Hospital between March 2015 and March 2019. They were categorized into pOSA and non-pOSA groups, and their demographic and sleep characteristics were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate the feasibility of discrimination model.ResultsOf the patients, 33% received diagnoses of pOSA; they had smaller neck circumference and waistline and lower weight, body mass index (BMI), OSA severity, heart rate, and snoring and respiratory-related limb movement indexes but higher sleep efficiency and mean oxygen saturation compared with patients without pOSA. Sleep stage analysis revealed that as severity increased, the proportion of sleep time spent in N2, N3, and rapid eye movement stages decreased, but the proportion of time spent in the N1 stage increased in both populations. Sleep position analysis revealed a higher proportion of sleep time in a supine position among patients with pOSA after adjustment for severity. The corresponding area under the ROC curve of our discrimination model was 0.924.ConclusionsDemographic and sleep characteristics differed significantly between patients with and without pOSA. Our model uses readily available measurements such as BMI and waistline and can aid physicians in the timely identification of patients with pOSA.Trial registration numberTMU-JIRB No.: N201911007Date of registration2019/11/12
A Versatile Soluble Siglec Scaffold for Sensitive and Quantitative Detection of Glycan Ligands
Authors: Rodrigues Emily , Jung Jaesoo , Park Heajin , Loo Caleb , Soukhtehzari Sepideh , Kitova Elena N. , Mozaneh Fahima , Daskhan Gour , Aghanya Vivian , Sarkar Susmita , Streith Laura , Laurent Chris St. , Julien Jean-Philippe , West Lori J. , Williams Karla C. , Klassen John S. , Macauley Matthew S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are immunomodulatory receptors that are regulated by their glycan ligands. A growing connection between Siglecs and human disease motivates improved methods to detect Siglec ligands. Here, we describe a new versatile set of Siglec-Fc proteins for glycan ligand detection. Enhanced sensitivity and selectivity are enabled through multimerization and avoiding Fc receptors, respectively. Using these Siglec-Fc proteins, Siglec ligands were systemically profiled on healthy and cancerous cells and tissues, revealing many unique patterns. Additional features enable the production of small, homogenous Siglec fragments and development of a quantitative ligand-binding mass spectrometry assay. Using this assay, the ligand specificities of several Siglecs were clarified. For CD33, we demonstrate that it recognizes both α2-3 and α2-6 sialosides in solution and on cells, which has implications for its link to Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility. These soluble Siglecs reveal the abundance of their glycan ligands on host cells as self-associated molecular patterns.
Intrinsic neuronal activity during migration controls the recruitment of specific interneuron subtypes in the postnatal mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Stéphane Bugeon , Clara Haubold , Alexandre Ryzynski , Harold Cremer , Jean-Claude Platel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeuronal activity has been identified as a key regulator of neuronal network development, but the impact of activity on migration and terminal positioning of interneuron subtypes is poorly understood. The absence of early subpopulation markers and the presence of intermingled migratory and post-migratory neurons makes the developing cerebral cortex a difficult model to answer these questions. Postnatal neurogenesis in the subventricular zone offers a more accessible and compartmentalized model. Neural stem cells regionalized along the border of the lateral ventricle produce two main subtypes of neural progenitors, granule cells and periglomerular neurons that migrate tangentially in the rostral migratory stream before migrating radially in the OB layers. Here we take advantage of targeted postnatal electroporation to compare the migration of these two population. We do not observe any obvious differences regarding the mode of tangential or radial migration between these two subtypes. However, we find a very striking increase of intrinsic calcium activity only in granule cell precursors when they switch from tangential to radial migration. By decreasing neuronal excitability in granule cell precursors, we find that neuronal activity is critical for normal migratory speed at the end of tangential migration. Importantly, we also find that activity is required for normal positioning and survival of granule cell precursors in the OB layers. Strikingly, decreasing activity of periglomerular neuron precursors did not impact their positioning or survival. Altogether these findings suggest that neuronal excitability plays a subtype specific role during the late stage of migration of postnatally born olfactory bulb interneurons.Significance StatementWhile neuronal activity is a critical factor regulating different aspects of neurogenesis, it has been challenging to study its role during the migration of different neuronal subpopulations. Here, we use postnatal targeted electroporation to label and manipulate the two main olfactory bulb interneuron subpopulations during their migration: granule cell and periglomerular neuron precursors. We find a very striking increase of calcium activity only in granule cell precursors when they switch from tangential to radial migration. Interestingly, blocking activity in granule cell precursors affected their migration, positioning and survival while periglomerular neuron precursors are not affected. These results suggest that neuronal activity is required specifically for the recruitment of granule cell precursors in the olfactory bulb layers.
Three-dimensional random walk models of individual animal movement and their application to trap counts modelling
Authors: Ahmed DA , Benhamou S , Bonsall MB , Petrovskii SV 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRandom walks (RWs) have proved to be a powerful modelling tool in ecology, particularly in the study of animal movement. An application of RW concerns trapping which is the predominant sampling method to date in insect ecology, invasive species, and agricultural pest management. A lot of research effort has been directed towards modelling ground-dwelling insects by simulating their movement in 2D, and computing pitfall trap counts, but comparatively very little for flying insects with 3D elevated traps.MethodsWe introduce the mathematics behind 3D RWs and present key metrics such as the mean squared displacement (MSD) and path sinuosity, which are already well known in 2D. We develop the mathematical theory behind the 3D correlated random walk (CRW) which involves short-term directional persistence and the 3D Biased random walk (BRW) which introduces a long-term directional bias in the movement so that there is an overall preferred movement direction. In this study, we consider three types of shape of 3D traps, which are commonly used in ecological field studies; a spheroidal trap, a cylindrical trap and a rectangular cuboidal trap. By simulating movement in 3D space, we investigated the effect of 3D trap shapes and sizes and of movement diffusion on trapping efficiency.ResultsWe found that there is a non-linear dependence of trap counts on the trap surface area or volume, but the effect of volume appeared to be a simple consequence of changes in area. Nevertheless, there is a slight but clear hierarchy of trap shapes in terms of capture efficiency, with the spheroidal trap retaining more counts than a cylinder, followed by the cuboidal type for a given area. We also showed that there is no effect of short-term persistence when diffusion is kept constant, but trap counts significantly decrease with increasing diffusion.ConclusionOur results provide a better understanding of the interplay between the movement pattern, trap geometry and impacts on trapping efficiency, which leads to improved trap count interpretations, and more broadly, has implications for spatial ecology and population dynamics.