bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of mechanical circulatory support on survival in pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Marcos‐Alonso Sonia , Gil Nuria , García‐Guereta Luis , Albert Dimpna , Tejero María Ángeles , Perez‐Villa Félix , Gómez Bueno Manuel , Blasco Peiró Teresa , Cano Ana , Díaz Molina Beatriz , Rangel Sousa Diego 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEvidence on the impact of MCS on pediatric heart transplant survival is still scarce related to congenital heart disease patients including univentricular physiology as well as the risk factors for complications. We performed a retrospective review of all urgent pediatric (aged ≤16 years) HT from 2004 to 2014 in the Spanish Pediatric Heart Transplant Registry Group. Patients were stratified into two groups: urgent 0 (MCS at HT) and urgent 1 (non‐MCS at HT). The primary outcome measure was post‐transplant survival; secondary outcome measures were complications and absence of infections and rejection during the first post‐transplant year. One hundred twenty‐one pediatric patients underwent urgent HT, 58 (47.9%) urgent 0 and 63 (52%) urgent 1. There were 30 (24.8%) deaths: 12 in the urgent 0 group and 18 in the urgent 1 group, P = n.s. Regarding the type of MCS, patients on ECMO had the highest rate of complications (80%) and mortality (40%). Patients in the urgent 1 group showed a higher risk of hospital re‐admission for infection during the first year after transplantation (OR 2.31 [1.1‐4.82]), P = .025. We did not identify a risk factor for mortality. MCS does not impact negatively on survival after HT. However, there is a significant increase in 30‐day and 1‐year mortality and complications in ECMO patients compared with VAD patients. Infants, congenital heart disease, and PediMACS were not found to be risk factors for mortality.
Life history traits and trade‐offs between two species of the ascochyta blight disease complex of pea
Authors: Dutt Agathe , Andrivon Didier , Jumel Stéphane , Le Roy Gwenola , Baranger Alain , Leclerc Melen , Le May Christophe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlant disease complexes are a playground to investigate coinfections in natural or cultivated systems. Pathogens of such complexes may affect each other through direct and/or indirect interactions and lead to changes in virulence or aggressiveness, offspring production, and transmission. As coinfections by sympatric host‐pathogens can strongly influence pathogen dynamics and their evolutionary trajectories, new insights into the mechanisms of their coexistence is thus of critical importance. In order to characterize differences in ecological niches liable to explain species coexistence on the same host, the inter‐ and intraspecific diversity of the life history traits in natural collections of the two main pathogens (Peyronellaea (formerly Didymella) pinodes [Dp] and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella [Pmp]) of the ascochyta blight disease complex of pea was evaluated under controlled conditions. Dp strains developed 1.3 times faster and produced longer, mainly bicellular spores and in lower amounts (3.7 times less) than Pmp strains. Pmp strains were separated into two groups, one producing more pycnidiospores, mainly bicellular, with less resources, and the other with mainly unicellular ones. These three groups can be interpreted as three distinct life history strategies: pioneer colonizer (Dp), scavenger (large‐spored Pmp), and intermediate (small‐spored Pmp), allowing differentiation in access to and use of resources. While this experimental work provides new insight into coexistence of two species of the ascochyta blight disease complex of pea, it also raises the question of the benefit of having two distinct life history strategies for one species (Pmp).
The Bully in the Pulpit
Authors: Edwards George C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBoth the tone and substance of Donald Trump's public rhetoric are far beyond the norms of the presidency. In this article, I discuss prominent characteristics of the president's public discourse—including branding and delegitimizing opponents, fueling fear, prevaricating, and stoking divisions—and their consequences for both the president's attempts at leadership and the polity as a whole. I find that Trump's public discourse has diminished his ability to govern and has also been deleterious for American democracy.
Quality of life in early‐stage Alzheimer's disease: the moderator role of family variables and coping strategies from the patients' perspective
Authors: Lima Sara , Sevilha Solange , Pereira M. Graça 
Published: March 2020

AimThis study assessed the effects of sociodemographic and psychological variables on quality of life (QOL), as well as the moderator role of family variables and coping strategies in the relationship between psychological morbidity and QOL, based on patients' perspective.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional design. A total of 158 patients with early Alzheimer's disease completed the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the Spiritual and Religious Attitudes in Dealing with Illness, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, the Family Satisfaction Scale, the Family Communication Scale, the Barthel Index, and the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale.ResultsBeing a man, having a higher education, and engaging in more exercise activity were associated with better QOL. Lower levels of cognitive impairment, psychological morbidity, and spirituality predicted better QOL. Also, lower levels of functionality, family communication, family satisfaction, and family functioning contributed to worse QOL. Gender, psychological morbidity, and functionality contributed significantly to QOL. Family satisfaction, family communication, and coping strategies moderated the relationship between psychological morbidity and QOL.ConclusionIntervention in early‐stage Alzheimer's disease should focus on patients' coping strategies and family context, particularly family satisfaction and communication, to foster QOL.
Clinical side effects of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Ghadiri Maliheh , Grunstein Ronald R. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTCPAP is considered the gold standard treatment in OSA and is highly efficacious in controlling OSA symptoms. However, treatment effectiveness is limited because of many factors including low adherence due to side effects. This review highlights the range of side effects associated with CPAP therapy in patients with OSA. This information is important for the initiation of patients onto CPAP as well as their continued care while on treatment, given the increase in non‐medically supervised CPAP care models in use globally.
Ultrasonic Thickness Measurements Using Machine Learning
Authors: Garcia Caleb , Facundo Ludivina , Baltazar Arturo , Treesatayapun Chidentree 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Thickness measurements using an ultrasonic contact test is a well-known nondestructive evaluation technique. However, its implementation in a robotic system with a closed-loop feedback control for artificial intelligent measurements requires precise information of positioning and force of the ultrasonic probe. In this work, we describe an ultrasonic probe developed in our lab that uses a semispherical soft membrane made from an elastomer. The aim is to develop a methodology for precise positioning and force control of a dry contact ultrasonic probe based on the ultrasonic signal information processed using sparse matrix optimization and Fourier analysis techniques. The results show that the proposed methodology makes easy to achieve a fine tuning of the probe orientation with high sensitivity to load and misalignment in order to perform accurate thickness measurements.
Development of a Geothermal-Based Integrated Plant for Generating Clean Hydrogen and Other Useful Commodities
Authors: Yuksel Yunus Emre , Ozturk Murat , Dincer Ibrahim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, geothermal energy is considered as a renewable energy source to finally provide various useful outputs such as electricity, hydrogen, fresh and hot water, drying, heating, and cooling. In this regard, a new geothermal power-based multigenerational system is proposed to meet these demands in an environmentally benign manner and studied thermodynamically by considering energy and exergy approaches and investigating parametrically. A combination of geothermal energy is used to achieve the most promising hydrogen generation rates and high plant performances. The results of this study indicate that the energy and exergy efficiency values of the entire plant for the selected operating conditions become 38.41% and 42.57%. In addition to the thermodynamic analysis performed, numerous parametric studies are performed to reveal how operating conditions and state parameters affect the overall system performance. According to the parametric analyses results, for given ranges, an increase in ambient temperature, separator working temperature, geothermal fluid temperature, and geothermal fluid mass flowrate have positive impact on both energy and exergy efficiency of the integrated system and useful products generation rate as well.
A Numerical Study to Investigate the Effect of Syngas Composition and Compression Ratio on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Syngas-Fueled HCCI Engine
Authors: Ali Kabbir , Kim Changup , Lee Yonggyu , Oh Seungmook , Kim Kiseong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to investigate syngas composition (of constituents H2, CO, and CO2) and compression ratio (CR) effects on the combustion and emissions characteristics of a syngas-fueled homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine, which operates in very lean air–fuel mixture conditions for power plant usage. Investigations were conducted using ansys forte cfd package at low (3 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)) and medium (5 bar IMEP) loads, and the calculated results were compared with the Aceves et al.’s multi-zone HCCI model, using the same chemical kinetics set (Gas Research Institute (GRI)-Mech3.0). All calculations were carried out at maximum brake torque (MBT) conditions by sweeping the air–fuel mixture temperature at intake valve closing (IVC) (TIVC).This study found out that the H2 consumption rate is slightly high in a low-temperature range in the early period of combustion while the CO consumption rate is high in a high-temperature range in the later period of combustion. The results reveal that the change of H2 /CO ratio and inert gas volume fraction according to fuel composition affects combustion, but the TIVC is the dominant factor affecting combustion phasing at MBT conditions. For each fuel and load condition, the TIVC was significantly reduced with the increase of CR (17.1–22.3) to get MBT conditions, which causes to retard combustion phasing and lowers in-cylinder peak temperature. The oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions reduced with increasing the CR due to the lowering of the in-cylinder peak temperature.
Capturing the Dynamic Stall in H-Type Darrieus Wind Turbines Using Different URANS Turbulence Models
Authors: Jain Siddhant , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The occurrence of dynamic stall phenomenon in an H-type Darrieus wind turbine with low tip speed ratio (TSR) has been numerically investigated on a single-bladed rotor with NACA 0012 airfoil. The Reynolds number (Re) ∼105 at TSR = 2 implicates complex turbulence environment around the blades of the turbine modeling which still remains a challenging problem. Thus, with a motivation to find out a suitable turbulence model to capture the dynamic stall, a comparative study is carried out between three unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) models: Spalart–Allmaras (S-A), shear stress transport (SST) k–ω, and transition SST (TSST). It was found that the TSST model predicted the dynamic stall phenomenon the earliest, whereas, the S-A model predicted it the latest. The transitional phenomenon like formation and bursting of the laminar separation bubble (LSB) was best predicted by the TSST model. However, the TSST overpredicts the turbulent boundary layer (BL) roll up from the trailing edge (TE) toward the leading edge (LE). The percentage difference in the power coefficient (Cp) values with respect to the TSST accounted to 16.67% and 60% higher for SST k–ω and S-A models, respectively. The S-A model delays the torque coefficient (Ct) peak prediction by 5 deg and 11 deg azimuthal angle compared with SST k–ω and TSST models, respectively. Overall, it was found that the transitional aspect in TSST model is important in predicting the light stall regime; however, in the deep stall regime SST k–ω model performed well too.
Supporting Household Waste Sorting Practices by Addressing Information Gaps
Authors: Rasmussen Mikkel Bayard , Pagels Kelvin Østergaard , Ramanujan Devarajan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Danish government has outlined a target of recycling 50% of total household waste by the year 2022 and transitioning to a circular economy in the future. Improving household waste sorting is an important consideration toward achieving this goal. This paper focuses on understanding existing waste sorting practices among Danish residents. We conducted a preliminary survey (N = 180) that assessed preference for sorting strategies and the types of waste sorted. Following this, a more detailed survey was conducted (N = 357) that assessed residents’ motivation to sort household waste, knowledge of local sorting requirements, information gaps that prevent effective sorting, and need for specific features in a mobile application. Results show that over one-third of respondents felt they needed additional waste sorting information. Respondents had fewer inaccuracies disposing items within a single waste stream (e.g., electronics waste) compared to items with mixed waste streams (e.g., milk carton with a plastic cap). Based on these findings, we propose the design of a mobile application that can potentially support household waste sorting in Denmark.
Calibration and Balancing of Multiple Tuned Mass Absorbers for Damping of Coupled Bending-Torsion Beam Vibrations
Authors: Hoffmeyer David , Høgsberg Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor damping of fully coupled beam vibrations, a three-component tuned mass absorber is proposed, consisting of two translational and a single-rotational absorber, which together target a specific vibration mode. The representation of the interaction with residual nonresonant vibration modes is consistently included by two supplemental terms in the absorber equation, calibrated by frequency matching with the full structural model for vanishing absorber damping. The absorber tuning directly includes these residual terms without approximation when the underlying modal representation is based on the vibration form with absorber masses rigidly attached to the structure. It is demonstrated that the desired damping behavior requires nonhomogeneous absorber balancing, obtained by an approximate method for the relative sizing of each absorber mass.
Shear Layer Interactions With Fluid–Fluid Interface in the Wake of an Elliptical Cylinder
Authors: Khandelwal Prashant , Subburaj Rahul , Vengadesan S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, wake of an elliptic cylinder is analyzed in the presence of a fluid–fluid interface. The interactions between the interface and flow affect each other and hence different wake dynamics and interface topologies are observed. The numerical solver developed for this study has immersed boundary method (IBM) coupled with level-set method (LSM). The proximity of the elliptical cylinder to the interface (H/D), Froude number (Fr), and angle of incidence (AOI) are the parameters considered. Three different Froude number regimes are considered for this study, namely, subcritical (Fr &lt; 1), critical (Fr = 1.0), and supercritical (Fr &gt;1) regime. In this paper, the interface topology, wake dynamics, and force values are compared for the variation of these parameters.
Numerical Simulation of Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding Surfaces With Fast Fourier Transform
Authors: Li Lin , Tang Jinyuan , Wen Yuqin , Zhu Caichao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Numerical simulation of three-dimensional rough surfaces based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) is revisited. A more systematic approach, which is an extension of the current FFT-based simulation models, is proposed to approach surface reconstruction. Moreover, the simulation of the surfaces with machining signature by prescribing the parameters, take ultrasonic-assisted grinding as an example, has been taken as the research focus for the first time. The effectiveness is tested by three cases of simulation examples. Excepting the surface with exponential autocorrelation function, the simulation of surfaces with grinding machining marks is considered both by prescribing the theory autocorrelation function and by measuring a small area as a sample. The results show that the proposed method has great potential in engineering applications.
Serum vitamin K1associated to microangiopathy and/or macroangiopathy in individuals with and without diabetes
Authors: Bøgh Andersen Ida , Brasen Claus Lohman , Nasimi Hashmatullah , Stougård Maria , Bliddal Mette , Green Anders , Schmedes Anne , Brandslund Ivan , Madsen Jonna Skov 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveVitamin K has proposed beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. We investigated whether serum vitamin K1was associated with prevalence of microangiopathy and/or macroangiopathy.Research design and methodsSerum vitamin K was quantified in 3239 individuals with and 3808 without diabetes enrolled in Vejle Diabetes Biobank (2007–2010). Each individual was assessed for microangiography and macroangiopathy at enrollment based on registered diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry according to the International Classification of Disease 8 (1977–1993) and 10 (since 1994). Using multinomial logistic regression, relative risk ratios (RRRs) were calculated within each group of individuals with and without diabetes. RRRs were estimated for microangiopathic/macroangiopathic status compared with individuals without complications as a function of 1 nmol/L increments in K1. Adjustment for potential confounders was also performed.ResultsVitamin K1(median) varied 0.86–0.95 nmol/L depending on diabetes, microangiopathic and macroangiopathic status. In individuals with diabetes, the crude RRR for only having microangiopathy was 1.05 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.12) and was found significant when adjusting 1.10 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.19). RRR for having only macroangiopathy was 0.89 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.03) and was again significant when adjusting 0.79 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.96). In individuals without diabetes, adjustments again led to similar estimates that was not significant. The adjusted RRR for having only macroangiopathy was 1.08 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.19).ConclusionsSerum vitamin K1levels were associated with microangiopathic and macroangiopathic status in individuals with diabetes, but considered of no clinical relevance. The clinical value of other candidate markers for vitamin K status needs to be evaluated in future studies.
Randomised placebo-controlled cross-over study examining the role of anamorelin in mesothelioma (The ANTHEM study): rationale and protocol
Authors: Hoon Siao Nge , Fyfe Katrina , Peddle-McIntyre Carolyn J , Bowyer Samantha , Hawkins Felicity , Jeffery Emily , Chih Hui Jun , Creaney Jenette , Nowak Anna , Brims Fraser 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionCachexia is common in malignant mesothelioma (MM); half of patients have malnutrition and low skeletal muscle mass. Malnourished patients have worse quality of life (QoL). Weight loss is strongly associated with poor survival. Anamorelin is an oral ghrelin receptor agonist that improves appetite, body weight and QoL in advanced cancer. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of anamorelin in improving appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and patient-reported outcomes in patients with MM with cachexia.Methods and analysisA single-centre, phase II, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over pilot study with 28-day treatment periods and 3-day washout. Forty patients will be randomised. Primary outcome is change in ASM relative to height measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at end of period 1. Secondary outcomes include cancer-specific and cachexia-related QoL, objective physical activity, dietary intake and adverse events. Eligible patients will have confirmed MM, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0–2, expected survival >3 months and cachexia (defined as >5% weight loss in 6 months or body mass index <20 kg/m2with weight loss >2%).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted. Results will be reported in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (U1111-1240-6828).
Identification ofica-dependent biofilm production byStaphylococcus aureusclinical isolates and antibiofilm effects of ascorbic acid against biofilm production
Authors: Kırmusaoğlu Sahra , Kaşıkçı Havva 
Published: March 2020

AimsStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is a life-threatening pathogen with high morbidity and mortality rates which causes nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Biofilm, considered to be a common virulence factor for pathogens, plays a significant role in recurrent and untreatable infections. Biofilm formation ofS. aureusis mediated by synthesis of either poly-N-acetylglucosamine in an ica-dependent manner or surface proteins in an ica-independent manner. In some cases treatment is impossible and recurrent. In this study,ica-dependent biofilm-producingS. aureusisolates were detected and the anti-biofilm effect of ascorbic acid against biofilm formation of isolates was investigated.MethodsA total of 21 methicillin-sensitiveS. aureus(MSSA) clinical isolates stored in our bacterial stock were used to detectica-dependent biofilm-producing MSSA isolates. The anti-biofilm study was undertaken with threeica-dependent biofilm-producing isolates (MSSA2–4) and ATCC 29213 (MSSA1). Biofilms and the anti-biofilm effect of ascorbic acid were detected using the microtitre plate (MtP) method. 16S-rRNA,nuc, icaA andicaD genes and expression levels oficaA andicaD of isolates were detected by RT-PCR.ResultsThe minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ascorbic acid prevented biofilm formation of MSSA1 and MSSA3. Also, 1/2 MIC of ascorbic acid prevented biofilm formation of MSSA3. It was observed that biofilm formation decreased with increased concentration. There was no significant increase inicagene expression of MSSA1 and MSSA2. Expression oficaA andicaD of MSSA3 decreased 13% and 38%, respectively. Expression oficaA in MSSA4 decreased 12%.ConclusionThe results of our study show that ascorbic acid can be used as an anti-biofilm agent to prevent biofilm formation ofS. aureusand thus biofilm-related infections.