bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is in Umbilicaria pustulata? A Metagenomic Approach to Reconstruct the Holo-Genome of a Lichen
Authors: Greshake Tzovaras Bastian , Segers Francisca H I D , Bicker Anne , Dal Grande Francesco , Otte Jürgen , Anvar Seyed Yahya , Hankeln Thomas , Schmitt Imke , Ebersberger Ingo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lichens are valuable models in symbiosis research and promising sources of biosynthetic genes for biotechnological applications. Most lichenized fungi grow slowly, resist aposymbiotic cultivation, and are poor candidates for experimentation. Obtaining contiguous, high-quality genomes for such symbiotic communities is technically challenging. Here, we present the first assembly of a lichen holo-genome from metagenomic whole-genome shotgun data comprising both PacBio long reads and Illumina short reads. The nuclear genomes of the two primary components of the lichen symbiosis—the fungus Umbilicaria pustulata (33 Mb) and the green alga Trebouxia sp. (53 Mb)—were assembled at contiguities comparable to single-species assemblies. The analysis of the read coverage pattern revealed a relative abundance of fungal to algal nuclei of ∼20:1. Gap-free, circular sequences for all organellar genomes were obtained. The bacterial community is dominated by Acidobacteriaceae and encompasses strains closely related to bacteria isolated from other lichens. Gene set analyses showed no evidence of horizontal gene transfer from algae or bacteria into the fungal genome. Our data suggest a lineage-specific loss of a putative gibberellin-20-oxidase in the fungus, a gene fusion in the fungal mitochondrion, and a relocation of an algal chloroplast gene to the algal nucleus. Major technical obstacles during reconstruction of the holo-genome were coverage differences among individual genomes surpassing three orders of magnitude. Moreover, we show that GC-rich inverted repeats paired with nonrandom sequencing error in PacBio data can result in missing gene predictions. This likely poses a general problem for genome assemblies based on long reads.
A Potential Influenza Pandemic Modelled in Greek Refugee Camps
Authors: Searle C , Sutherland G P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Research indicate a significant relationship between the spread of respiratory symptoms and poor housing conditions that arise due to overcrowding — both of which are typically prevalent in refugee camps. The World Health Organization states that the impact of a novel pandemic influenza virus on refugee and displaced populations is expected to be severe. There is, however, insufficient data on the health status of refugees and the spread of common diseases within these camps. In this study, agent-based simulation is employed to address the lack of data and to gain an understanding of the spread and prevalence of a communicable disease within refugee camps. The model aims to explore the spread of a potential influenza pandemic within a Greek refugee camp by modelling personal characteristics of refugees and their interactions with other members. The ability to model, with a reasonable level of accuracy, the spread of a potential influenza pandemic could assist humanitarian aid in combating the problem with evidence-based policy decisions.
Mild drought in the vegetative stage induces phenotypic, gene expression, and DNA methylation plasticity in Arabidopsis but no transgenerational effects
Authors: Van Dooren Tom J M , Silveira Amanda Bortolini , Gilbault Elodie , Jiménez-Gómez José M , Martin Antoine , Bach Liên , Tisné Sébastien , Quadrana Leandro , Loudet Olivier , Colot Vincent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is renewed interest in whether environmentally induced changes in phenotypes can be heritable. In plants, heritable trait variation can occur without DNA sequence mutations through epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation. However, it remains unknown whether this alternative system of inheritance responds to environmental changes and if it can provide a rapid way for plants to generate adaptive heritable phenotypic variation. To assess potential transgenerational effects induced by the environment, we subjected four natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana together with the reference accession Col-0 to mild drought in a multi-generational experiment. As expected, plastic responses to drought were observed in each accession, as well as a number of intergenerational effects of the parental environments. However, after an intervening generation without stress, except for a very few trait-based parental effects, descendants of stressed and non-stressed plants were phenotypically indistinguishable irrespective of whether they were grown in control conditions or under water deficit. In addition, genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression in Col-0 demonstrated that, while mild drought induced changes in the DNA methylome of exposed plants, these variants were not inherited. We conclude that mild drought stress does not induce transgenerational epigenetic effects.
Supersolar metallicity in G0–G3 main-sequence stars with V &lt; 15. II. An extension of the sample
Authors: Chávez M , Tapia-Schiavon C , Bertone E , López-Valdivia R 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the spectroscopic analysis at intermediate resolution of a new sample of 146 Sun-like stars (of spectral types G0–G3 and luminosity class V), which complements the data set of 233 targets previously investigated. Aimed at identifying objects with supersolar metallicity, we conducted observations at the Observatorio Astrofísico Guillermo Haro and derived the basic stellar atmospheric parameters, namely the effective temperature, surface gravity, and global metallicity, based on a set of absorption spectroscopic indices in the wavelength region 3800–4800 Å. The newly derived set of parameters is in good agreement with previous determinations collected from sources in the literature. Considering the full sample of our investigation (379 stars), we also compared the effective temperatures of stars in common (354 objects) with Gaia DR2 for which temperatures are available, and found that, on average, our values are about 100 K higher. We show that most of the largest temperature discrepancies can plausibly be ascribed to interstellar extinction effects on Gaia’s photometry. Finally, within the working sample we found four more stars that present supermetallicity, one of which was previously reported in the literature.
ZTF J1901+5309: a 40.6-min orbital period eclipsing double white dwarf system
Authors: Coughlin Michael W , Burdge Kevin , Sterl Phinney E , van Roestel Jan , Bellm Eric C , Dekany Richard G , Delacroix Alexandre , Duev Dmitry A , Feeney Michael , Graham Matthew J , Kulkarni S R , Kupfer Thomas , Laher Russ R , Masci Frank J , Prince Thomas A , Riddle Reed , Rosnet Philippe , Smith Roger , Serabyn Eugene , Walters Richard 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The Zwicky Transient Facility has begun to discover binary systems with orbital periods that are less than 1 h. Combined with dedicated follow-up systems, which allow for high-cadence photometry of these sources, systematic confirmation and characterization of these sources are now possible. Here, we report the discovery of ZTF J190125.42+530929.5, a 40.6-min orbital period, eclipsing double white dwarf binary. Both photometric modelling and spectroscopic modelling confirm its nature, yielding an estimated inclination of $i = 86.2^{+0.6}_{-0.2}\, \rm deg$ and primary and secondary effective temperatures of $\textrm{{T}}_\textrm{eff} = 28\,000^{+500}_{-500}$ and $17\,600^{+400}_{-400}\, \mathrm{ K}$, respectively. This system adds to a growing list of sources for future gravitational-wave detectors and contributes to the demographic analysis of double degenerates.
Prediction of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Evolution: The UCAN Project
Authors: L’Allinec Vincent , Chatel Stéphanie , Karakachoff Matilde , Bourcereau Emmanuelle , Lamoureux Zeineb , Gaignard Alban , Autrusseau Florent , Jouan Solène , Vion Anne-Clemence , Loirand Gervaise , Desal Hubert , Naggara Olivier , Redon Richard , Edjlali Myriam , Bourcier Romain ,   on behalf of the UCAN (Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm) Investigators
Published: March 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Management of small (<7 mm) unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) remains controversial. Retrospective studies have suggested that post gadolinium arterial wall enhancement (AWE) of UIA on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may reflect aneurysm wall instability, and hence may highlight a higher risk of UIA growth. This trial aims at exploring wall imaging findings of UIAs with consecutive follow-up to substantiate these assumptions.

OBJECTIVE
To develop diagnostic and predictive tools for the risk of IA evolution. Our aim is to demonstrate in clinical practice the predictive value of AWE for UIA growth. The growth will be determined by any modification of the UIA measurement. UIA growth and the UIA wall enhancement will be assessed in consensus by 2 expert neuroradiologists.

METHODS
The French prospective UCAN project is a noninterventional international wide and multicentric cohort. UIA of bifurcation between 3 and 7 mm for whom a clinical and imaging follow-up without occlusion treatment was scheduled by local multidisciplinary staff will be included. Extensive clinical, biological, and imaging data will be recorded during a 3-yr follow-up.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Discovering to improve the efficiency of UIA follow-up by identifying additional clinical, imaging, biological, and anatomic risk factors of UIA growth.

DISCUSSION
A prospective nationwide recruitment allows for the inclusion of a large cohort of patients with UIA. It will combine clinical phenotyping and specific imaging with AWE screening. It will enable to exploit metadata and to explore some pathophysiological pathways by crossing clinical, genetic, biological, and imaging information.
Capacity to consent to research participation in adults with metastatic cancer: comparisons of brain metastasis, non-CNS metastasis, and healthy controls
Authors: Mulhauser Kyler , Marotta Dario A , Gerstenecker Adam , Wilhelm Gabrielle , Myers Terina , Gammon Meredith , Vance David E , Nabors Burt , Fiveash John , Triebel Kristen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the ability of individuals with metastatic cancer to provide informed consent to research participation, we used a structured vignette-based interview to measure 4 consenting standards across 3 participant groups.

Methods
Participants included 61 individuals diagnosed with brain metastasis, 41 individuals diagnosed with non-CNS metastasis, and 17 cognitively intact healthy controls. All groups were evaluated using the Capacity to Consent to Research Instrument (CCRI), a performance-based measure of research consent capacity. The ability to provide informed consent to participate in research was evaluated across 4 consent standards: expressing choice, appreciation, reasoning, and understanding. Capacity performance ratings (intact, mild/moderate impairment, severe impairment) were identified based on control group performance.

Results
Results revealed that the brain metastasis group performed significantly lower than healthy controls on the consent standard of understanding, while both metastatic cancer groups performed below controls on the consent standard of reasoning. Both metastatic cancer groups performed similar to controls on the standards of appreciation and expressing choice. Approximately 60% of the brain metastasis group, 54% of the non-CNS metastasis group, and 18% of healthy controls showed impaired research consent capacity.

Conclusions
Our findings, using a performance-based assessment, are consistent with other research indicating that the research consent process may be overly cumbersome and confusing. This, in turn, may lead to research consent impairment not only in patient groups but also in some healthy adults with intact cognitive ability.
Symmetry selective directionality in near-field acoustics
Authors: Long Yang , Ge Hao , Zhang Danmei , Xu Xiangyuan , Ren Jie , Lu Ming-Hui , Bao Ming , Chen Hong , Chen Yan-Feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Understanding unidirectional and topological wave phenomena requires the unveiling of intrinsic geometry and symmetry for wave dynamics. This is essential yet challenging for the flexible control of near-field evanescent waves, highly desirable in broad practical scenarios ranging from information communication to energy radiation. However, exploitations of near-field waves are limited by a lack of fundamental understanding about inherent near-field symmetry and directional coupling at sub-wavelengths, especially for longitudinal waves. Here, based on the acoustic wave platform, we show the efficient selective couplings enabled by near-field symmetry properties. Based on the inherent symmetry properties of three geometrically orthogonal vectors in near-field acoustics, we successfully realize acoustic Janus, Huygens, spin sources and quadrupole hybrid sources, respectively. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate fertile symmetry selective directionality of those evanescent modes, supported by two opposite meta-surfaces. The symmetry properties of the near-field acoustic spin angular momenta are revealed by directly measuring local vectorial fields. Our findings advance the understanding of symmetries in near-field physics, supply feasible approaches for directional couplings, and pave the way for promising acoustic devices in the future.
Gender-Based Violence, Law, Justice and Health: Some Reflections
Authors: Gangoli Geetanjali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article is a response to the Lancet Commission on the Legal Determinants of Health from gendered perspectives and focusing on gender-based violence and abuse. The Lancet Commission sees the role of law as positive, indeed central in providing justice in global contexts, and this contribution explores and unpacks this assertion, drawing on some examples from India and elsewhere. Some feminists have argued that law and justice are incompatible for women, and this is sometimes borne out when we look at legal reforms and interventions in the field of gender-based violence. However, we also explore the ways in which some women have used legal reforms in creative ways to destabilize patriarchal norms, and more broadly, how absence of legal protection can undermine access to rights. We conclude that law can have a symbolic relationship with justice.
Reliability of Vestibular Perceptual Threshold Testing About the Yaw Axis
Authors: Lee Tiffany L. , Shayman Corey S. , Oh Yonghee , Peterka Robert J. , Hullar Timothy E. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
Vestibular reflexes have traditionally formed the cornerstone of vestibular evaluation, but perceptual tests have recently gained attention for use in research studies and potential clinical applications. However, the unknown reliability of perceptual thresholds limits their current importance. This is addressed here by establishing the test-retest reliability of vestibular perceptual testing.

Design:
Perceptual detection thresholds to earth-vertical, yaw-axis rotations were collected in 15 young healthy people. Participants were tested at two time intervals (baseline, 5 to 14 days later) using an adaptive psychophysical procedure.

Results:
Thresholds to 1 Hz rotations ranged from 0.69 to 2.99°/s (mean: 1.49°/s; SD: 0.63). They demonstrated an excellent intraclass correlation (0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.77 to 0.97) with a minimum detectable difference of 0.45°/s.

Conclusions:
The excellent test-retest reliability of perceptual vestibular testing supports its use as a research tool and motivates further exploration for its use as a novel clinical technique.
Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Degenerative Sagittal Deformity After Under- and Overcorrection of Lumbar Lordosis
Authors: Im Sang-Kyu , Lee Jung-Hee , Kang Kyung-Chung , Shin Sung Joon , Lee Ki Young , Park Jong Jun , Kim Man Ho 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
To analyze proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) occurrence and surgical outcomes according to degree of lumbar lordosis (LL) correction relative to pelvic incidence (PI). In addition, risk factors of PJK including LL and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) correction were investigated.

Summary of Background Data.
PJK is a common complication after adult spinal deformity surgery, and many factors are known to be associated with PJK. However, the effect of degree of LL correction on PJK occurrence is not fully understood.

Methods.
Eighty-three degenerative sagittal imbalance patients treated with deformity correction and long instrumented fusion to the sacrum with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were studied. Patients were divided into three groups according to their postoperative LL angle relative to PI using the SRS-Schwab classification: Group A (undercorrection, PI-LL> 10°), Group B (ideal correction, −10°<PI-LL≤10°), and Group C (overcorrection, PI-LL≤−10°). Prevalence, classification, and period of PJK occurrence were compared, and radiographic and clinical outcomes were analyzed. In addition, risk factors for PJK were evaluated.

Results.
Overall PJK prevalence was 36.1% (30/83), and ratio of optimal SVA at postoperative and last follow-up were significantly higher in Group C (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in PJK prevalence among three groups (40% vs. 37.5% vs. 34.1%; P = 0.907). Group C had better clinical outcomes (last follow-up ODI, VAS of LBP) than Group A (10.0 vs. 18.4; P < 0.001 and 1.5 vs. 4.0; P < 0.001). The increases in LL or SVA correction degree were not associated with PJK occurrence (P = 0.304, P = 0.201).

Conclusion.
Overcorrection showed good surgical outcomes without increasing PJK prevalence. Degrees of LL and SVA correction do not act as risk factors for PJK. Therefore, in adult spinal deformity patients, LL correction greater than PI may be a good choice that can result in better clinical outcomes without increasing risk of PJK.

Level of Evidence: 4
General Pediatricians' Performance of Accreditation Agency's Recommended Procedures: A Complementary Analysis Using Administrative Data and the Knowledge Translation Model
Authors: Iyer Maya S. , Lo Charmaine B. , Stanley Rachel M. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education provided guidelines, in 2013, regarding 13 clinical procedures pediatric residents should learn. Previous studies show that, when asked, general pediatricians (GPeds) self-report performing these procedures infrequently. When examined using the knowledge translation model, this low procedural performance frequency, especially by GPeds, may indicate a problem within the primary care landscape.

Methods:
This was a descriptive study using the Partners For Kids, an accountable care organization, database to obtain how frequently each of the procedures was performed for a geographically representative sample of GPeds in central Ohio.

Results:
A total of 296 physicians participated in Partners For Kids. Nearly one-third practiced for more than 15 years (n = 83, 28%) and one-third also lived in a rural region (n = 78, 26.4%). The most commonly billed procedure was administering immunizations (n = 79,292, 92.3%); the least was peripheral intravenous catheter placement (n = 2, 0.002%). Most procedures were completed in the office-based setting.

Discussion:
General pediatricians in central Ohio do not frequently perform the 13 recommended procedures of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Evaluation of this problem using the knowledge translation model shows that potential barriers could be inadequate training during or after residency or more likely that these procedures are not necessary in GPeds' current scope of practice. The next step should be to see, from the practitioner's perspective, what procedures are important to their daily practice. Adapting this knowledge to the local context will help target continuing medical education/continuing professional development interventions.
Clinical utility of characterizing intestinal flora in septic kidney injury
Authors: Yuan Jiao-Jiao , Chang Xue-Ni , Li Min , Yuan Qi-Xi , Yang Xiao-Ling 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The incidence of septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing, it has become a major threat to human health because of its acute onset, poor prognosis, and high hospital costs. The most common cause of AKI in critical-care units is sepsis. Septic AKI is a complex and multi-factorial process; its pathogenesis is not fully understood. In sepsis, the destruction of mucosal barriers, intestinal flora disorders, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, use of antibiotics, and lack of intestinal nutrients lead to an inflammatory reactions that in turn affects the metabolism and immunity of the host. Such changes further influence the occurrence and development of AKI. New technology is enabling various detection methods for intestinal flora. Clinical application of these methods in septic renal injury is expected to clarify the relationship among pathogenesis, disease progression mechanism, and intestinal flora.
Quantification of atherosclerotic plaque volume in coronary arteries by computed tomographic angiography in subjects with and without diabetes
Authors: Hou Zhi-Hui , Lu Bin , Li Zhen-Nan , An Yun-Qiang , Gao Yang , Yin Wei-Hua , Budoff Matthew J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and volume of coronary artery plaque in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) vs. those without DM.

Methods
This study recruited consecutive patients who underwent coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA) between October 2016 and November 2017. Personal information including conventional cardiovascular risk factors was collected. Plaque phenotypes were automatically calculated for volume of different component. The volume of different plaque was compared between DM patients and those without DM.

Results
Among 6381 patients, 931 (14.59%) were diagnosed with DM. The prevalence of plaque in DM subjects was higher compared with nondiabetic group significantly (48.34% vs. 33.01%, χ
2 = 81.84, P < 0.001). DM was a significant risk factor for the prevalence of plaque in a multivariate model (odds ratio [OR] = 1.465, 95% CI: 1.258–1.706, P < 0.001). The volume of total plaque and any plaque subtypes in the DM subjects was greater than those in nondiabetic patients significantly (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques were significantly higher in diabetic patients than those in non-diabetic patients.
Perceptions of Health Promotion and Maintenance Among Latinos in Faith Communities
Authors: Mikell Martin J. , Snethen Julia 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT:
Faith communities provide a place for Latino congregants to discuss health information. A pilot study using focus groups and semistructured interviews explored how Latino faith community members define the meaning of health and examined their perceptions and attitudes surrounding health promotion and maintenance. Four themes emerged that reflect participants' health beliefs, with faith as a uniting force. Results support the faith community as a means of fostering health promotion for Latinos.