bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fingerprint ridges allow primates to regulate grip
Authors: Yum Seoung-Mok , Baek In-Keun , Hong Dongpyo , Kim Juhan , Jung Kyunghoon , Kim Seontae , Eom Kihoon , Jang Jeongmin , Kim Seonmyeong , Sattorov Matlabjon , Lee Min-Geol , Kim Sungwan , Adams Michael J. , Park Gun-Sik 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Why have primates evolved epidermal ridges on the volar regions of the hands and feet and with a much greater density of sweat glands than flat skin, which respond to anxiety rather than act as a thermoregulation mechanism? During contact with solid objects, the ridges are important for grip and precision manipulation by regulating moisture levels from either external sources or the sweat pores so that the friction is maximized and catastrophic slip is inhibited. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved has become particularly important with the almost ubiquitous contact of the finger pads with flat screens and recent developments in haptic feedback using ultrasonic vibrations for which the performance is critically related to the friction.
Fuel and oxygen harvesting from Martian regolithic brine
Authors: Gayen Pralay , Sankarasubramanian Shrihari , Ramani Vijay K. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The active Martian water cycle, i.e., the presence of a shallow water table and soluble perchlorates in the Martian regolith, enables the concurrent production of hydrogen fuel and life-support oxygen on Mars through perchlorate brine electrolysis. Our perchlorate brine electrolyzer operating under simulated Martian surface conditions produces >25× the amount of oxygen produced by the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment from NASA’s Mars 2020 mission for the same input power. This work provides an additional route to help NASA fulfill its mandate to land humans on Mars by 2033. Furthermore, our perchlorate brine electrolyzers are more efficient than state-of-the-art alkaline water electrolyzers under terrestrial conditions, providing a pathway to utilize suboptimal input feeds to produce ultrapure hydrogen and oxygen.
Fouling-resistant zwitterionic polymers for complete prevention of postoperative adhesion
Authors: Zhang Ershuai , Song Boyi , Shi Yuanjie , Zhu Hui , Han Xiangfei , Du Hong , Yang Chengbiao , Cao Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are frequent complications for almost any types of abdominal and pelvic surgery and lead to numerous medical problems. Current antiadhesion solutions include pharmacological treatment and physical barriers but are underperformed and can only alleviate or reduce adhesions to some extent. Here we show that a zwitterionic polymer solution after a convenient topical application onto the traumatized surface can reliably and completely prevent the postoperative adhesions, as demonstrated in three clinically relevant but increasingly challenging rat models. The overall success rate of complete prevention is above 93%—a major leap of antiadhesion performance.
Intergenerational transfer of DNA methylation marks in the honey bee
Authors: Yagound Boris , Remnant Emily J. , Buchmann Gabriele , Oldroyd Benjamin P. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceIntergenerational epigenetic inheritance is usually considered to be of minor significance in mammals because the epigenome is reprogrammed twice between each generation. Yet whether this paradigm holds in nonmammalian organisms is largely unknown. Here, we show that epigenetic marks are transferred across generations in an invertebrate, the honey bee. We found that the epigenome is much more similar between fathers and daughters than between unrelated males and females of different generations within each colony. Epigenetic marks are not only conserved across generations, but also across somatic and germline tissues. Epigenetic reprogramming may thus be a mammalian-specific feature, suggesting a heightened capacity for epigenetic marks to influence evolutionary adaptation across the tree of life.
FGF23 contains two distinct high-affinity binding sites enabling bivalent interactions with α-Klotho
Authors: Suzuki Yoshihisa , Kuzina Ekaterina , An Seong J. , Tome Francisco , Mohanty Jyotidarsini , Li Wenxue , Lee Sangwon , Liu Yansheng , Lax Irit , Schlessinger Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Significance
FGF23 is a circulating hormone produced in bone tissue that acts in the kidney to increase phosphate excretion and vitamin D metabolism essential for calcium absorption. Mutations that elevate FGF23 abundance cause autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets or tumor-induced osteomalacia. Loss of FGF23, on the other hand, causes increased phosphate levels, such as in familiar tumor calcinosis. Here we show that the region in FGF23 responsible for KLA binding contains two distinct binding sites for KLA, demonstrating that FGF23 is able to simultaneously bind and assemble two KLA molecules. An engineered protein containing the identified KLA ligand acts as a potent FGF23 inhibitor offering new pharmacological intervention for treating diseases caused by excessive FGF23 abundance or activity.
Nucleonic localisation and alpha radioactivity
Authors: Ebran J-P , Khan E , Lasseri R-D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Relativistic energy density functional approaches are known to well describe nuclear states which involve alpha clusters. Here, alpha emitting nuclei are analyzed through the behavior of the spatial localisation of nucleonic states, calculated with an axially deformed relativistic Hartree–Bogoliubov approach over the nuclear chart. The systematic occurrence of more localised valence states, having an n = 1 radial quantum number, allows to pinpoint nuclei in agreement with experimentally known alpha-emitters. The cases of 212Po and 104Te are investigated, showing the concomitant contributions of the pseudospin symmetry and the presence of n = 1 states, on the alpha preformation probability. The impact of the localisation of valence states, on alpha preformation probability, is then analyzed. It allows to study shell effects on this probability, over isotopic and isotonic chains. Finally, a phenomenological law is also provided, relating this probability to the radial quantum number of the valence states.
Setting Scottish diagnostic reference levels for mammography incorporating both craniocaudal and oblique projections between 30 and 80 mm
Authors: Weir A , Schofield K A , McCurrach A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Optimisation must be carried out on all medical radiological units to ensure doses are as low as reasonably practicable, consistent with the intended purpose. To achieve this, population doses must be estimated and diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) set. For mammography examinations, mean glandular doses (MGDs) are calculated for this purpose. The average MGD per unit is compared to the national mammography DRL, which is applicable to compressed breast thicknesses (CBTs) of 50–60 mm for oblique (OB) views only and set using data from screening units. It is the purpose of this work to assess planar MGDs across Scotland and set DRLs based on data collected from all screening and symptomatic units across Scotland, considering craniocaudal (CC) and OB views and a wider range of CBTs. Data from the most recent dose audit (spanning 2015–2017) for 67 mammography x-ray units were collated and analysed (26 195 images). No large differences between MGD of CC and OB views were found when considering specific CBT ranges (median difference 2.6%). There was, however, a significant difference between screening and symptomatic data (19%). As expected, MGD increased with CBT and there were significant differences in MGD between manufacturers. From the data analysed, Scottish DRLs were set based on 95th percentile values for digital mammography units for three CBT ranges (30–49, 50–60 and 61–80 mm): 1.3, 1.8 and 2.6 mGy respectively. These values consider OB and CC views collectively. Fifth percentile values are quoted to highlight units at greater risk of insufficient image quality. These MGD values, together with image quality assessments, will facilitate optimisation across Scotland. Results show that use of different CBT ranges and inclusion of CC views increases the number of images included in dose audit data analysis from approximately 12%–92%, which is substantially more representative of the population.
Development of nano-immunosensor with magnetic separation and electrical detection of Escherichia coli using antibody conjugated Fe3O4@Ppy
Authors: Srinivasan Sumithra Y , Gajbhiye Virendra , Bodas Dhananjay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Detection of bacterial pathogens is the need of the hour due to the increase in antibiotic resistance and the infusion of multi-drug-resistant parasites. The conventional strategies such as ELISA, PCR, and MNP based tests for the detection are efficient but they are cost, time, lab, and manpower intensive. Thus, warranting a simple and effective technique for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens. Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have proved to be better alternatives for separation of bacterial pathogens from a variety of sample sources. However, the use of magnetic NPs has not been successful in the detection of these parasites. The current work involves the coating of magnetic NPs (Fe3O4) with a conducting polymer (polypyrrole; Ppy) to facilitate simultaneous separation and detection. Electrical (conductivity) measurement was the mode of choice due to the sensitivity, accuracy, and ease it offers. To enhance the conductivity, carboxylic groups were expressed on the Fe3O4@Ppy complex and to ensure specificity, E. coli specific antibodies were conjugated. The resulting complex at various process parameters was characterized using FTIR, VSM, and SEM. SEM images were recorded to ensure bacterial separation at optimal process parameters. The impedance analysis and conductivity measurements were carried out for the sample volume of 15 μl. The bacterial suspension from 101–106 CFU ml−1 was successfully detected with a limit of detection of 10 CFU ml−1 within 10 min using a simplistic detection method.
Recent developments in the synthesis of chemically modified nanomaterials for use in dielectric and electronics applications
Authors: Tawade Bhausaheb V , Apata Ikeoluwa E , Singh Maninderjeet , Das Priyanka , Pradhan Nihar , Al-Enizi Abdullah M , Karim Alamgir , Raghavan Dharmaraj 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) have attracted enormous scientific and technological interest due to their applications in energy storage, electronics, biosensing, drug delivery, cosmetics and packaging industry. Nanomaterials (platelet, fibers, spheroids, whiskers, rods) dispersed in different types of polymer matrices constitute such PNC. The degree of dispersion of the inorganic nanomaterials in the polymer matrix, as well as the structured arrangement of the nanomaterials, are some of the key factors influencing the overall performance of the nanocomposite. To this end, the surface functionalization of the nanomaterials determines its state of dispersion within the polymer matrix. For energy storage and electronics, these nanomaterials are usually chosen for their dielectric properties for enhancing the performance of device applications. Although several reviews on surface modification of nanomaterials have been reported, a review on the surface functionalization of nanomaterials as it pertains to polymer dielectrics is currently lacking. This review summarizes the recent developments in the surface modification of important metal oxide dielectric nanomaterials including Silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), barium titanate (BaTiO3), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) by chemical agents such as silanes, phosphonic acids, and dopamine. We report the impact of chemical modification of the nanomaterial on the dielectric performance (dielectric constant, breakdown strength, and energy density) of the nanocomposite. Aside from bringing novice and experts up to speed in the area of polymer dielectric nanocomposites, this review will serve as an intellectual resource in the selection of appropriate chemical agents for functionalizing nanomaterials for use in specific polymer matrix so as to potentially tune the final performance of nanocomposite.
Hundreds-GeV Au ion generation by 1022–24 W cm−2 laser pulses interacting with high-Z grain doped gas
Authors: Zhao N , Zou D B , Jiang X R , Yu T P , Yu M Y , Liu K , Huang T W , Zhang H , Wu S Z , Hu L X , Zhang G B , Yin Y , Shao F Q , Zhuo H B , Zhou C T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Collision of intermediate-energy heavy ions is an important way to investigate the state of high-density nuclear matter and formation of quark gluon plasmas. In this paper, we demonstrate from two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that hundreds-GeV Au79+ ions can be generated by ultrashort ∼1022–24 W cm−2 lasers interacting with high-Z grain doped gas. Under extremely intense laser field, strong γ-ray radiation has resulted in massive laser energy loss, and the invoked radiation reaction trapping of electrons weakens the heavy ion acceleration. However, due to hole-boring acceleration and multi-body expansion acceleration of high-Z grains, the energy conversion efficiency from laser to heavy ions is still up to 32%. Our results might provide an effective routine to carry out the experimental explorations of heavy-ion collisions by using hundreds-petawatt laser facilities.
Observation and control of quantized scattering halos
Authors: Chatelain G , Dupont N , Arnal M , Brunaud V , Billy J , Peaudecerf B , Schlagheck P , Guéry-Odelin D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigate the production of s-wave scattering halos from collisions between the momentum components of a Bose–Einstein condensate released from an optical lattice. The lattice periodicity translates in a momentum comb responsible for the quantization of the halos’ radii. We report on the engineering of those halos through the precise control of the atom dynamics in the lattice: we are able to specifically enhance collision processes with given center-of-mass and relative momenta. In particular, we observe quantized collision halos between opposite momenta components of increasing magnitude, up to 6 times the characteristic momentum scale of the lattice.
Interlayer Hebbian plasticity induces first-order transition in multiplex networks
Authors: Kachhvah Ajay Deep , Dai Xiangfeng , Boccaletti Stefano , Jalan Sarika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adaptation plays a pivotal role in the evolution of natural and artificial complex systems, and in the determination of their functionality. Here, we investigate the impact of adaptive interlayer processes on intra-layer synchronization in multiplex networks. The considered adaptation mechanism is governed by a Hebbian learning rule, i.e., the link weight between a pair of interconnected nodes is enhanced if the two nodes are in phase. Such adaptive coupling induces an irreversible first-order transition route to synchronization accompanied with a hysteresis. We provide rigorous analytic predictions of the critical coupling strengths for the onset of synchronization and de-synchronization, and verify all our theoretical predictions by means of extensive numerical simulations.
Position distribution calculation of annihilation radiations and bremsstrahlung x rays in water during irradiation of positive muons: a Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Hirano Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Seiichi , Kawamura Naritoshi , Ninomiya Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Range, momentum and deviation of momentum determinations of muons are important for quality assessment (QA) of beams. Imaging of annihilation radiations emitted from positrons decayed from positive muons and that of bremsstrahlung x-rays emitted from positrons and secondary electrons from positive muons are possible methods of imaging muons. However, the energies and intensities as well as position distributions of these radiations have not been obvious. Thus we calculated the energy spectrum and the distributions of annihilation radiations as well as bremsstrahlung x-rays produced in water during irradiation of positive muons using Monte Carlo simulation. The calculations were conducted for 84.5 MeV /c positive muons, which is the same beam condition used in an experimental facility at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). We were able to calculate the energy spectrum as well as the position distributions of annihilation radiations and bremsstrahlung x-rays. The energy spectrum showed a broad distribution of bremsstrahlung x-rays, mainly from decayed positrons with an energy range up to 50 MeV with higher intensity in low-energy bremsstrahlung x-rays. The spectrum also showed a sharp peak at 511-keV from annihilation radiations. The position distribution of annihilation radiations was wider than those of the bremsstrahlung x-rays. The position distribution of the bremsstrahlung x-rays were nearly identical to the Cerenkov-light position distribution emitted by the decayed positrons in water. We conclude that imaging of bremsstrahlung x-rays from decayed positrons by using an x-ray camera is a promising method for the QA of positive muons and that higher spatial resolution images of positron distributions will be measured than those measured by annihilation radiations.
Impact of varying preparation methods of colloidal suspensions on droplet desiccation patterns on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates
Authors: Khatun Ammara , Haque Samiul , Tarafdar Sujata , Dutta Tapati 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The patterns left by desiccating droplets of colloidal solutions form an integral part of a gamut of applications in technology, medicine and fundamental science. While almost all attention is reserved for understanding flow dynamics of drying droplets and the resulting dried droplet pattern with respect to variation of a host of parameters, there is almost a total absence of any discussion on the importance of the ‘mixing methods’ of solute and solvent during solution preparation. We demonstrate in this work, that desiccation patterns of colloidal solutions show an amazing variation in details, depending on the manner of solution preparation. The variation is achieved by simple mechanical treatment, namely magnetic stirring and ultrasonication, and for different stirring times. The suitable explanation of the striking variation in the dried droplets on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates lead us to propose that the stirring time corresponding to a particular method adopted for solution preparation, results in varying degrees of paring of aggregates. We establish that a homogeneous colloidal solution can only be achieved by mixing for a minimum time t

std
, that is a function of a particular mixing procedure and a given solute-solvent combination. The prepared solution may then be used in different applications to obtain faithful standard results.
Multisoliton solutions with even numbers and its generated solutions for nonlocal Fokas–Lenells equation
Authors: Fan Rong , Zhang Zhao , Li Biao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this letter, we investigate multisoliton solutions with even numbers and its generated solutions for nonlocal Fokas–Lenells equation over a nonzero background. First, we obtain 2n-soliton solutions with a nonzero background via n-fold Darboux transformation, and find that these soliton solutions will appear in pairs. Particularly, 2n-soliton solutions consist of n ‘bright’ solitons and n ‘dark’ solitons. This phenomenon implies a new form of integrability: even integrability. Then interactions between solitons with even numbers and breathers are studied in detail. To our best knowledge, a novel nonlinear superposition between a kink and 2n-soliton is also generated for the first time. Finally, interactions between some different smooth positons with a nonzero background are derived.
Effect of cell-nanostructured substrate interactions on the capture efficiency of HeLa cells
Authors: Kong Jinlong , Liu Yang , Du Xiangbin , Wang Kaiqun , Chen Weiyi , Huang Di , Wei Yan , Mao Haiyang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are regarded as an effective biomarker for cancer detection, diagnosis and prognosis monitoring. CTCs capture based on nanostructured substrates is a powerful technique. Some specific adhesion molecule antibody coated on the surface of nanostructured substrates, such as EpCAM, is commonly used to enhance the CTCs capture efficiency. Substrate nanotopographies regulate the interaction between the substrates and captured cells, further influencing cell capture efficiency. However, the relationship between cell capture efficiency and cell–substrate interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we explored the relationship between cell capture efficiency and cell–substrate interaction based on two sets of nanostructures with different nanotopographies without antibody conjugation. Given the urgent demand for improving the capture efficiency of EpCAM-negative cells, we used HeLa (EpCAM-negative) cells as the main targets. We demonstrated that HeLa cells could be more effectively captured by two nanostructural substrates, especially by double-layer composite nanoforests. Therefore, the morphological and migrating interaction between HeLa cells and distinct substrates was associated with cell capture efficiency. Our findings demonstrated the potential mechanism for optimizing the nanotopography for higher capture efficiency, and provide a potential foundation for cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment.
How do weather and climate change impact the COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from the Chinese mainland
Authors: Fan Jing-Li , Da Yabin , Zeng Bin , Zhang Hao , Liu Zhu , Jia Na , Liu Jue , Wang Bin , Li Lanlan , Guan Dabo , Zhang Xian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to expand, while the relationship between weather conditions and the spread of the virus remains largely debatable. In this paper, we attempt to examine this question by employing a flexible econometric model coupled with fine-scaled hourly temperature variations and a rich set of covariates for 291 cities in the Chinese mainland. More importantly, we combine the baseline estimates with climate-change projections from 21 global climate models to understand the pandemic in different scenarios. We found a significant negative relationship between temperatures and caseload. A one-hour increase in temperatures from 25 °C to 28 °C tends to reduce daily cases by 15.1%, relative to such an increase from −2 °C to 1 °C. Our results also suggest an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between relative humidity and confirmed cases. Despite the negative effects of heat, we found that rising temperatures induced by climate change are unlikely to contain a hypothesized pandemic in the future. In contrast, cases would tend to increase by 10.9% from 2040 to 2059 with a representative concentration pathway (RCP) of 4.5 and by 7.5% at an RCP of 8.5, relative to 2020, though reductions of 1.8% and 18.9% were projected for 2080–2099 for the same RCPs, respectively. These findings raise concerns that the pandemic could worsen under the climate-change framework.