bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcomes of Tillaux and Triplane Fractures with 2 to 5 Millimeters of Intra-Articular Gap
Authors: Lurie Benjamin , Van Rysselberghe Noelle , Pennock Andrew T. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The treatment of transitional ankle fractures (Tillaux and triplane) is often dictated by the amount of displacement at the articular surface. Although >2 mm is a common indication for operative management, this practice has not been strongly supported by either the pediatric or adult literature. The purpose of this study was to determine whether operative treatment of transitional fractures with 2 to 5 mm of intra-articular gap leads to superior functional outcomes compared with cast management.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all patients treated for distal tibial fractures at a single institution between 2009 and 2017 was conducted. Computed tomographic images obtained after closed reduction were reviewed to identify patients with 2 to 5 mm of displacement (either gap or step-off) at the articular surface of the tibial plafond. Complications were classified according to the modified Clavien-Dindo system. Only patients with functional outcome data (Foot and Ankle Ability Measure [FAAM]) at a minimum of 2 years after treatment were included. Two multivariable linear regression models were developed using backward stepwise regression with either the FAAM Sports score or the Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE) Sports score as the dependent variables.

Results:
Fifty-seven patients (34 with triplane fractures and 23 with Tillaux fractures) with a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (range, 2.0 to 9.2 years) met inclusion criteria. Thirty-four patients were treated operatively, and 23 patients were treated with closed reduction and cast application. Nonoperative treatment, greater intra-articular gap, and presence of a grade-III complication were associated with worse functional outcomes in both multivariable regression models. A gap after closed reduction remained a negative predictor of functional outcome even in patients who were treated operatively. Patients who were treated nonoperatively and had ≤2.5 mm of gap had a significantly higher mean SANE Sports score at 90% than those patients with >2.5 mm of gap at 75% (p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
In Tillaux and triplane fractures with 2 to 5 mm of gap at the tibial plafond, a greater gap after closed reduction, nonoperative treatment, and complications were negative predictors of functional outcome at a mean follow-up of 4.5 years. Surgical management likely conveys the greatest functional benefit when the intra-articular gap exceeds 2.5 mm.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Novel Use of Subcostal Polyethylene Bands to Manage Tumor-Related Scoliosis Requiring Serial Imaging
Authors: Toll Brandon J. , Pahys Joshua M. , Yezdani Samir G. , Samdani Amer F. , Hwang Steven W. 
Published: February 2020

Case:
A 16-year-old male patient with severe kyphoscoliosis, paraplegia, and neurogenic bowel/bladder caused by a juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma was treated surgically using a hybrid fusion construct with polyethylene bands after neoplasm resection. Owing to the necessity of serial postoperative magnetic resonance imaging studies to evaluate the recurrence of pathology and known effect of metal artifact from spinal instrumentation, preservation of radiographic resolution was critical.

Conclusion:
We describe the novel utility of polyethylene bands placed around the ribs as a safe and effective form of hybrid construct for reducing radiographic metal artifact in spinal deformity cases requiring serial imaging.
Screening and Identification of LncRNAs Related to Villus Growth of Liaoning Cashmere Goats and Their Effects on Growth after FGF5 Treatment
Authors: Jin Mei , Zhao Qin Feng , Ni Ping , Piao Jun , Piao Ai Jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
(Background)Liaoning cashmere goat cashmere has high economic value FGF5 is an important factor regulating its growth. The role of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) in the mammalian villus growth cycle has still not been studied in detail.(Results)This study investigated how LncRNA mediates the effects of FGF5 on the growth of Liaoning cashmere goats. By using RNA-seq sequencing technology, over-expression and interference lentiviral technology and qPCR, we demonstrated that treatment of skin cells with FGF5 inhibited the expression of LncRNA in cells, down-regulated the expression of the target genes CBS and CTH, and promoted the expression of related keratin genes k26, kap11.1. Then, overexpressing LncRNA in skin cells reversed the inhibiting effect of FGF5 on the target genes CBS and CTH which further inhibited the expression of k26, kap11.1. Finally, we demonstrated the inhibition of CBS and CTH and elevation k26 and kap11.1 genes when the expression level of LncRNA gene is downregulated using RNA interference. (Conclusions)Therefore, we believe that FGF5 can regulate the growth and development of cashmere goat hair by promoting the expression of related keratin and keratin-associated protein genes. This mechanism is achieved by inhibiting the expression of the LncRNA gene and then down-regulating the expression of the target genes CBS and CTH.
Supporting children who have a parent with a mental illness in Tyrol: A situational analysis for informing co-development and implementation of practice changes
Authors: Zechmeister-Koss Ingrid , Goodyear Melinda , Tüchler Heinz , Paul Jean Lillian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: A research project aimed to improve the situation of children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI) is underway in the Austrian region of Tyrol. The project aims to strengthen formal and informal support structures around the child, through enhancing their village of collaborative support. Understanding the current situation in the region is vital for implementing practice change. This paper aims to gain knowledge on the Tyrolean societal and service provision context. Methods: We collected qualitative (e.g. interviews) and quantitative data (e.g. administrative data from the health insurance) on overall societal characteristics, epidemiology of mental illness in Tyrol, current services within adult mental healthcare and for supporting children, parents and families, uptake of services, and current practices and challenges of identifying and supporting COPMIs. We analysed data along several external context dimensions: 1) professional influences, 2) political support, 3) social climate, 4) local infrastructure, 5) policy and legal climate, 6) relational climate, 7) target population, and 8) funding and economic climate. Results: We identified that there is awareness of challenges related to COPMIs at professional and planning level, however there is a lack of installed support processes and standards to meet these children’s needs across Tyrol. A variety of services are available both for unwell parents, and families and individual family members. Yet, only one small service addresses COPMIs directly. Services fall into different sectors (education, health, social affairs) and are funded from different sources, making coordination difficult. Access varies from universal to rather restricted (i.e. through referral). The potential number of parents which could be reached in order to identify their children via adult mental health differs considerably by setting. Societal structures indicate that the informal and voluntary sector may be a realistic source for supporting COPMIs in Tyrol. Conclusions: Societal structures and current services provide a rich resource for improving identification and supporting of COPMIs, however considerable coordination and behaviour change effort will be required due to the fragmentation of the system and professional cultures. Insights into the context of supporting COPMIs have been of high value for developing and implementing practice changes in local organizations.
The R2R3-type LoMYB20s&nbsp;gene regulates programmed cell death and secondary wall biosynthesis, and&nbsp;affects anther development and dehiscence in Lily
Authors: Tong Zheng , Li Qiuhua , Khaskheli AllahJurio , Gao Junping , He Junna , Hong Bo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Lilies are the widely cultivated cut flowers worldwide, while lily anthers carry a large amount of colored pollen dispersed easily to stain petals that makes serious problems for commerical sales. Improving pollen pollution in lily is one of the major goals of lily breeding. Results In this study, we identified a putative R2R3 MYB transcription factor LoMYB20s from oriental lily ( Lilium spp. ‘Siberia’). LoMYB20s mainly expressed in anther wall during the late stages of lily anther development. Suppression of LoMYB20s by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in lily led to a failure of the anthers to dehisce. Induction of LoMYB20s in DEX::LoMYB20s transgenic Arabidopsis caused the rosette leaves turning yellow and the inflorescences becoming procumbent and infertile. And the downstream genes of LoMYB20s were involved in multiple metabolic processes including jasmonate (JA) biosynthetic, gibberellin (GA)-deactivating, programmed cell death (PCD), and secondary wall biosynthesis (SWB). These results suggested that LoMYB20s participated in anther development and dehiscence possibly through regulating the PCD and SWB processes in a JA/GA-associated manner. Conclusions Our results demonstrated the indispensable role of LoMYB20s in lily anther development and dehiscence, and provide a possibility of using LoMYB20s silencing to produce anther-indehicent lilies.
Novel heavy metal resistance gene clusters are present in the genome of Cupriavidus neocaledonicus STM 6070, a new species of Mimosa pudica microsymbiont isolated from heavy-metal-rich mining site soil
Authors: Klonowska Agnieszka , Moulin Lionel , Ardley Julie , Braun Florence , Gollagher Margaret , Zandberg Jaco Daniel , Marinova Dora , Huntemann Marcel , Reddy T.B.K. , Varghese Neha , Woyke Tanja , Ivanova Natalia , Seshadri Rekha , Kyrpides Nikos , Reeve Wayne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Cupriavidus strain STM 6070 was isolated from nickel-rich soil collected near Koniambo massif, New Caledonia, using the invasive legume trap host Mimosa pudica. STM 6070 is a heavy metal-tolerant strain that is highly effective at fixing nitrogen with M. pudica. Here we have provided an updated taxonomy for STM 6070 and described salient features of the annotated genome, focusing on heavy metal resistance (HMR) loci and heavy metal efflux (HME) systems.Results The 6,771,773 bp high-quality-draft genome consists of 107 scaffolds containing 6,118 protein-coding genes. ANI values show that STM 6070 is a new species of Cupriavidus. The STM 6070 symbiotic region was syntenic with that of the M. pudica-nodulating Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG 19424T. In contrast to the nickel and zinc sensitivity of C. taiwanensis strains, STM 6070 grew at high Ni2+ and Zn2+ concentrations. The STM 6070 genome contains 55 genes, located in 12 clusters, that encode HMR structural proteins belonging to the RND, MFS, CHR, ARC3, CDF and P-ATPase protein superfamilies. These HMR molecular determinants are putatively involved in arsenic (ars), chromium (chr), cobalt-zinc-cadmium (czc), copper (cop, cup), nickel (nie and nre), and silver and/or copper (sil) resistance. Seven of these HMR clusters were common to symbiotic and non-symbiotic Cupriavidus species, while four clusters were specific to STM 6070, with three of these being associated with insertion sequences. Within the specific STM 6070 HMR clusters, three novel HME-RND systems (nieIC cep nieBA, czcC2B2A2, and hmxB zneAC zneR hmxS) were identified, which constitute new candidate genes for nickel and zinc resistance.Conclusions STM 6070 belongs to a new Cupriavidus species, for which we have proposed the name Cupriavidus neocaledonicus sp. nov.. STM6070 harbours a pSym with a high degree of gene conservation to the pSyms of M. pudica-nodulating C. taiwanensis strains, probably as a result of recent horizontal transfer. The presence of specific HMR clusters, associated with transposase genes, suggests that the selection pressure of the New Caledonian ultramafic soils has driven the specific adaptation of STM 6070 to heavy-metal-rich soils via horizontal gene transfer.
Tumor Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Older Women with Breast Cancer in Jordan
Authors: Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Rahman Fadwa Abdel , Al-Masri Hanan , Abdulelah Hazem , Nasser Mahmoud Abu , Salam Mourad , Taqash Ayat 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Less than 10% of newly diagnosed breast cancer in our region are diagnosed in women 70 years or older. Treatment plans of such patients is less clear and have poor outcomes. In this paper, we describe clinical presentation, tumor characteristics and treatment outcomes in such patients.
Methods : Consecutive patients aged 65 years or older with pathologically-confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer were included. Medical records and hospital databases were searched for patients’ characteristics and treatment outcomes.
Results : A total of 553 patients, median age 70 (range: 65-91) years, were included. On presentation, 114 (20.6%) patients had metastatic disease and was mostly visceral (81; 71.1%). Patients with non-metastatic disease had poor pathological features including node-positive in 244 (55.6%), GIII in 170 (38.7%) and lymphovascular invasion in 173 (39.4%). Patients were treated less aggressively; 144 (32.8%) patients with early-stage disease and 98 (86.0%) with metastatic disease never had chemotherapy.
After a median follow up of 45 months, 5-year overall survival for the whole group was 67.6%. Survival was better for patients with non-metastatic disease (78.8% vs. 25.4%, P<0.001) and for those with node-negative compared to node-positive disease (85.4% vs. 74.1%, P=0.002). On Cox regression, only positive lymph nodes were associated with poor outcome in patients with non-metastatic disease (Hazard Ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% CI: 1.006-3.034, P=0.048).
Conclusions : Older Jordanian women with breast cancer present with more aggressive features and advanced-stage disease that reflect poorly on treatment outcomes. Because of comorbidities and poor performance status, some patients were not aggressively treated.
Unstable intertrochanteric fractures are associated with a greater hemoglobin drop during the perioperative period: a retrospective case control study
Authors: Lin Po-Hsun , Chien Jui-Teng , Hung Jung-Pin , Hong Chih-Kai , Tsai Tzung-Yi , Yang Chang-Chen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: With an increase in the elderly population, the occurrence of hip fractures, femoral neck fractures, and intertrochanteric fractures (ITFs) is also increasing. It is important to establish effective perioperative methods that would help reduce the morbidity and mortality rates associated with ITFs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ITFs according to the AO classification for perioperative hemoglobin drop. Methods: Seventy-six patients with ITFs classified as AO 31-A1 or A2 and fixated with intramedullary nails participated in this retrospective cohort study. Medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed from September 2016 to August 2018. The perioperative hemoglobin drop was chosen as the main outcome measure and calculated as the difference between pre- and postoperative hemoglobin levels. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed and included the following variables: AO classification (A1.1-A2.1 [stable] vs. A2.2-A2.3 [unstable]), time interval between injury and surgery, age, body mass index, and use of anticoagulation medicine.Results: Among the 76 patients who met the inclusion criteria, a significantly higher hemoglobin drop was observed in the AO 31 A2.2-A2.3 (unstable) group than in the AO 31 A1.1-A2.1 (stable) group (p = 0.04). The multivariate analysis also showed a greater hemoglobin drop in the unstable group (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Patients with unstable ITFs showed a greater hemoglobin drop and suspected hidden blood loss around the fracture site. We believe that this should be taken into consideration when presurgical blood transfusion is being planned for patients with unstable ITFs, to reduce the associated postoperative complications, especially in patients with severe anemia or high mortality risk.
A combination of Spearmint and flaxseed extract improved endocrine and histomorphology of ovary in experimental PCOS
Authors: Mina Mehraban , Jelodar Gholamali - , Farhad Rahmanifar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproduction and endocrine disorder of women in the reproductive age. Spearmint (Mentha Spicata L.) has anti-androgenic activity and flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) contains phytoestrogen and was reported to improve PCOS conditions. This study aimed to evaluate PCOS conditions following administration of a mixture of these two plants. Methods Twenty-four rats with regular cycles were randomly divided into four groups as control (C) and treatment-control (TC) received a combination of spearmint extract (SE) + flaxseed extract (FE). PCOS was induced in PCOS and treatment (T) groups by a single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate. The treatment group received a combination of SE and FE for 30 days, 7 weeks after injection of estradiol valerate. Estrous cycles were monitored for 10 days and in the last day animals were sacrificed, ovaries were collected for the histomorphometric study and the serum levels of progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured. Result Significant rise in progesterone and a decrease in testosterone and estradiol with no significant change of DHEA in the T group, was observed in comparison with the PCOS group ( P<0.05 ). No significant difference noticed between T and control groups (C &CT) regarding evaluated hormones. A significant increase in primary, pre-antral and antral follicles noticed in the T group compared to the PCOS group. The number of cystic follicles decreased in the T group compared with the PCOS group. Granulosa layer thickness increased while the thickness of theca decreased significantly in the T group compared to the PCOS group ( P<0.05 ). No significant endocrine or histological differences noticed between C and TC groups. Conclusion A combination of flaxseed and spearmint extract improved the endocrine profile and the histomorphometric features of the ovary in the T group compared to the PCOS group.
A rapid and simple method for routine determination of antibiotic sensitivity to biofilm populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wannigama Dhammika Leshan , Hurst Cameron , Hongsing Parichart , Pearson Lachlan , Saethang Thammakorn , Chantaravisoot Naphat , Singkham-in Uthaibhorn , Luk-in Sirirat , Storer Robin James , Chatsuwan Tanittha 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Treatment of infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa forming biofilms after antimicrobial testing on planktonic bacteria can result in substantial failure. Therefore, we offer a robust and simple experimental platform to test the impact of antimicrobials on biofilms. Antibiotic response patterns varied uniquely within biofilm formation capacity and minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) has a significantly better discriminatory power than minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to differentiate the overall efficiency of antibiotics to eradicate biofilm. Our resazurin-based 96-well-plate platform is able to emulate bacterial responses to antibiotics under biofilm conditions in a fast, simple, and cost-effective screening method adaptable to automation, and warrants trials in the clinic.
Protein changes as robust signatures of fish chronic stress: a proteomics approach in fish welfare research
Authors: de Magalhães Cláudia Raposo , Schrama Denise , Farinha Ana Paula , Revets Dominique , Kuehn Annette , Planchon Sébastien , Rodrigues Pedro Miguel , Cerqueira Marco Alexandre 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground: In order to have a greater understanding of fish welfare, sensitive technological tools, such as proteomics, may assist the aquaculture industry as it allows an unbiased approach for the discovery of potential biomarkers for stress monitoring. Stress is characterized by a cascade of physiological responses that end-up inducing further changes at the whole-animal level that might either increase fitness or impair welfare. Monitorization of this dynamic process, up till now relies on indicators that are only a snapshot of the stress level experienced. Within this scope, using G ilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) as model, three chronic stress conditions, namely overcrowding, handling and hypoxia, were employed to evaluate the potential of the fish protein-based adaptations as reliable signatures of chronic stress, in contrast with the commonly used hormonal and metabolic indicators. Results: A large spectrum of biological variation regarding cortisol and glucose levels was observed, which values rose higher in net handled fish. In this sense, a potential pattern of stressor-specificity was evidenced since the magnitude of response and tolerance varied markedly from a permanent (crowding) to a repetitive stressor (handling). Gel-based proteomics analysis of the plasma proteome also revealed that net handled fish had the highest number of differential proteins, compared to the other trials . M ass spectrometric analysis, followed by gene ontology enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses, characterized those as humoral components of the innate immune system and key elements on the response to stimulus. Conclusions: Overall, this study represents the first screening of more reliable signatures of physiological adaptation to chronic stress in fish, allowing the future development of novel biomarker models to monitor fish welfare.