bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Determinants of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Late‐Stage Parkinsonism
Authors: Hommel Adrianus L.A.J. , Meinders Marjan J. , Lorenzl Stefan , Dodel Richard , Coelho Miguel , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Laurens Brice , Spampinato Umberto , Meissner Wassilios , Rosqvist Kristina , Timpka Jonathan , Odin Per , Wittenberg Michael , Bloem PhD Bas R. , Koopmans Raymond T. , Schrag Anette ,   the Care of Late‐Stage Parkinsonism Consortium
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundLate‐stage parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease (PD) are insufficiently studied population. Although neuropsychiatric symptoms (eg, psychosis, depression, anxiety, behavioral problems) are frequently present, their prevalence and clinical predictors remain unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and predictors of neuropsychiatric symptoms in late‐stage PD.MethodsWe conducted a multinational study of patients with PD with ≥7 years disease duration and either a Hoehn and Yahr stage ≥4 or a Schwab and England score ≤ 50% in the on stage. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed through interviews with carers using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, with a frequency × severity score ≥ 4, indicating clinically relevant symptoms. The determinants analyzed were demographic characteristics, medication, and motor and nonmotor symptoms. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed on predictors of clinically relevant neuropsychiatric symptoms.ResultsA total of 625 patients were recruited in whom the Neuropsychiatric Inventory could be completed. In 92.2% (576/625) of the patients, at least 1 neuropsychiatric symptom was present, and 75.5% (472/625) had ≥1 clinically relevant symptom. The most common clinically relevant symptoms were apathy (n = 242; 38.9%), depression (n = 213; 34.5%), and anxiety (n = 148; 23.8%). The multivariate analysis revealed unique sets of predictors for each symptom, particularly the presence of other neuropsychiatric features, cognitive impairment, daytime sleepiness.ConclusionNeuropsychiatric symptoms are common in late‐stage PD. The strongest predictors are the presence of other neuropsychiatric symptoms. Clinicians involved in the care for patients with late‐stage PD should be aware of these symptoms in this specific disease group and proactively explore other psychiatric comorbidities once a neuropsychiatric symptom is recognized.
Hypertension Is Associated With an Earlier Age of Onset of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Schultz Jordan L. , Harshman Lyndsay A. , Langbehn Douglas R. , Nopoulos Peg C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHypertension (HTN) is associated with worsening clinical outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases. The relationship between HTN and the age of diagnosis (ADx) of Huntington's disease (HD) is not clear, however. This study sought to determine if the presence of HTN in adult patients with premanifest HD was associated with an earlier ADx compared with normotensive patients with HD.MethodsPremanifest participants from Enroll‐HD were included if they had a cytosine‐adenine‐guanine greater than or equal to 36, baseline diagnostic confidence level less than 4, baseline total functional capacity score greater than 11, and baseline motor score less than 21. There were 3020 premanifest participants with HD, and 293 reported a diagnosis of HTN. HTN was transformed into a time‐dependent variable, and a Cox proportional hazard survival model determine if the presence of HTN affected the time to motor conversion. Baseline cytosine‐adenine‐guanine–age product score, cytosine‐adenine‐guanine repeat length, baseline age, sex, baseline body mass index, smoking history, and region were included as covariates.ResultsParticipants with HTN had an increased annualized hazard of motor conversion compared to normotensive participants with HD (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.64; P = 0.034).ConclusionsA previous study reported a protective effect of HTN in HD, but did not account for the fact that the prevalence of HTN increases with age. By controlling for this confounder, we more accurately outline the association between the ADx of HD to demonstrate that a diagnosis of HTN may be associated with an earlier ADx of HD. These results represent an association, however, and further investigation is warranted. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Wideband circularly polarized, slot antenna array loaded with metasurface
Authors: Nosrati Mehrdad , Yang Chenxi , Liu Xiaofan , Tavassolian Negar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article presents the design and measurement results of a novel wideband circularly polarized 2 × 2 slot antenna array loaded with a metasurface layer. The proposed array exploits circularly polarized elements. Each element is sequentially rotated and fed with an appropriate phase difference to ensure the generation of a circularly polarized wave. The use of metasurface enlarges the impedance bandwidth of the antenna by creating an additional resonance. The metasurface layer also improves the axial ratio bandwidth of the array. Its other major benefit is mitigating the beam squint in the higher frequency band without sacrificing the axial ratio (AR). A prototype of the antenna is built and measured in an anechoic chamber. The measured impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) of the array is 66.7% (from 1.6 to 3.2 GHz) and its axial ratio bandwidth (AR < 3 dB) is 63.8% (from 1.6 to 3.1 GHz) which are outstanding numbers compared to the current state of the art. The measured radiation patterns of the antenna array are stable across the band of interest with a gain of >4 dBi. The overall size of the antenna is 170 mm × 170 mm.
Weight Loss and Concomitant Adipose Autophagy in Methionine‐Restricted Obese Mice is Not Dependent on Adiponectin or FGF21
Authors: Cooke Diana , Mattocks Dwight , Nichenametla Sailendra N. , Anunciado‐Koza Rea P. , Koza Robert A. , Ables Gene P. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveIdentifying novel approaches to combat obesity is important to improve health span. It was hypothesized that methionine restriction (MR) will induce weight loss in obese mice by reducing adipose tissue mass caused by increased energy expenditure and reprogramming of adipose tissue homeostasis. The roles of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) during weight loss in MR mice were also tested.MethodsDiet‐induced obese (DIO) male C57BL/6J (wild type), Adipoq‐deficient (Adipoq knockout [KO]), Fgf21‐KO, and Adipoq‐Fgf21 double‐KO mice were used. Following a switch to high‐fat control (DIO‐CF, 60% fat/0.86% methionine) or MR (DIO‐MR, 60% fat/0.12% methionine) diet, physiological parameters were measured, and inguinal and perigonadal adipose tissues were examined.ResultsObese mice subjected to MR showed loss of body weight and adiposity, increased energy expenditure, and improved glucose tolerance that were independent of the actions of ADIPOQ and FGF21. MR induced reduction of circulating lipids, glucose, insulin, leptin, and insulin like growth factor 1 and increased β‐hydroxybutyrate, ADIPOQ, and FGF21 concentrations. In fat, MR upregulated protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase, apoptosis‐inducing factor, lysosomal‐associated membrane proteins 1 and 2, autophagy‐related protein 5, beclin‐1, and light chain 3B I and II.ConclusionsMR reduction of adipose tissue mass in obese mice is associated with elevated lipolysis, apoptosis, and autophagy and occurs independently of the actions of ADIPOQ and FGF21.
Robust guaranteed‐cost output feedback control of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes patient with intrapatient variability
Authors: Nath Anirudh , Dey Rajeeb 
Published: April 2020

SummaryDealing with the interpatient and the intrapatient variability in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patient are the prominent control challenges in the development of the artificial pancreas system (APS). An APS consider a nonlinear patient model that has many state variables, but the reality is that out of the many states only glucose concentration is measurable till date without any complication and undue high cost. In the present work, the philosophy is to evolve a control technique that can address the above‐cited challenges or issues. In the sequel, a robust observer is first designed based on the attractive ellipsoid method (AEM) for norm‐bounded uncertainty structure. The information of the estimated states is then used to design a guaranteed‐cost robust output feedback control. The design methodology approximates the nonlinearity present in the model as quasi‐one‐sided Lipschitz thus including more information of nonlinearity in the design as well as the control problem is recast into a linear matrix inequality (LMI) framework. Numerical simulations of 200 virtual T1DM patients are carried out which reveal that there are no cases of hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia in the presence of bounded parametric variability and high uncertainty in exogenous meal disturbance. The proposed method is simple, efficient and optimal closed‐loop solution for blood glucose regulation in T1DM patients in a robust nonlinear framework.
Process Optimisation Studies and Aminonitrile Substrate Evaluation of Rhodococcus erythropolis SET1, A Nitrile Hydrolyzing Bacterium
Authors: Mareya Tatenda M. , Coady Tracey M. , O'Reilly Catherine , Kinsella Michael , Coffey Lee , Lennon Claire M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA comprehensive series of optimization studies including pH, solvent and temperature were completed on the nitrile hydrolyzing Rhodococcus erythropolis bacterium SET1 with the substrate 3‐hydroxybutyronitrile. These identified temperature of 25 °C and pH of 7 as the best conditions to retain enantioselectivity and activity. The effect of the addition of organic solvents to the biotransformation mixture was also determined. The results of the study suggested that SET1 is suitable for use in selected organo‐aqueous media at specific ratios only. The functional group tolerance of the isolate with unprotected and protected β‐aminonitriles, structural analogues of β‐hydroxynitriles was also investigated with disappointingly poor isolated yields and selectivity obtained. The isolate was further evaluated with the α‐ aminonitrile phenylglycinonitrile generating acid in excellent yield and ee (>99 % (S) – isomer and 50 % yield). A series of pH studies with this substrate indicated pH 7 to be the optimum pH to avoid product and substrate degradation.
Numerical approach to simulate the mechanical behavior of biodegradable structures considering degradation time and heterogeneous stress field
Authors: Taguti Marcos V. H. , Françoso Adriano , Ribeiro Marcelo L. , Vieira André F. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiodegradable polymers are widely used to manufacture biodegradable devices, such as those used in regenerative medicine. In many cases, nonuniform degradation can arise from nonuniform stress fields. The developed numerical methodology can simulate the mechanical behavior of three‐dimensional structures subjected to loads during degradation after a given degradation time, thus providing a valuable tool for pre validation of biodegradable devices. Degradation rate was assumed as linear function of the local von Mises stress. Material model parameters change as degradation proceeds and hydrolytic damage increases. Hence, shear modulus of the neo‐Hookean constitutive model was assumed as linear function of hydrolytic damage. The methodology was developed in a finite elements' framework using ABAQUS/Standard. The local hydrolytic damage and the consequent shear modulus evolutions were calculated by means of a user material subroutine. The stress field affects locally the kinetics of degradation and the evolution of hydrolytic damage. Thus, local hydrolytic damage and the material parameter are updated at each time step to recalculate stress and strain fields at the inputted degradation time. The aim of this work was to allow the simulation of biodegradable devices subjected to both mechanical and chemical environments.
Assimilation of atmospheric infrasound data to constrain tropospheric and stratospheric winds
Authors: Amezcua Javier , Näsholm Sven Peter , Blixt Erik Mårten , Charlton‐Perez Andrew J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis data assimilation study exploits infrasound from explosions to probe an atmospheric wind component from the ground up to stratospheric altitudes. Planned explosions of old ammunition in Finland generate transient infrasound waves that travel through the atmosphere. These waves are partially reflected back towards the ground from stratospheric levels, and are detected at a receiver station located in northern Norway at 178 km almost due north from the explosion site. The difference between the true horizontal direction towards the source and the backazimuth direction (the horizontal direction of arrival) of the incoming infrasound wavefronts, in combination with the pulse propagation time, are exploited to provide an estimate of the average cross‐wind component in the penetrated atmosphere. We perform offline assimilation experiments with an ensemble Kalman filter and these observations, using the ERA5 ensemble reanalysis atmospheric product as background (prior) for the wind at different vertical levels. We demonstrate that information from both sources can be combined to obtain analysis (posterior) estimates of cross‐winds at different vertical levels of the atmospheric slice between the explosion site and the recording station. The assimilation makes greatest impact at the 12–60 km levels, with some changes with respect to the prior of the order of 0.1–1.0 m·s−1, which is a magnitude larger than the typical standard deviation of the ERA5 background. The reduction of background variance in the higher levels often reached 2–5%. This is the first published study demonstrating techniques to implement assimilation of infrasound data into atmospheric models. It paves the way for further exploration in the use of infrasound observations – especially natural and continuous sources – to probe the middle atmospheric dynamics and to assimilate these data into atmospheric model products.
The influence of aggregation and statistical post‐processing on the subseasonal predictability of European temperatures
Authors: van Straaten Chiem , Whan Kirien , Coumou Dim , van den Hurk Bart , Schmeits Maurice 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe succession of European surface weather patterns has limited predictability because disturbances quickly transfer to the large‐scale flow. Some aggregated statistics, however, such as the average temperature exceeding a threshold, can have extended predictability when adequate spatial scales, temporal scales and thresholds are chosen. This study benchmarks how the forecast skill horizon of probabilistic 2‐m temperature forecasts from the subseasonal forecast system of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) evolves with varying scales and thresholds. We apply temporal aggregation by rolling‐window averaging and spatial aggregation by hierarchical clustering. We verify 20 years of re‐forecasts against the E‐OBS dataset and find that European predictability extends at maximum into the fourth week. Simple aggregation and standard statistical post‐processing extend the forecast skill horizon with two and three skilful days on average, respectively. The intuitive notion that higher levels of aggregation capture large‐scale and low‐frequency variability and can therefore tap into extended predictability holds in many cases. However, we show that the effect can be saturated and that there exist regional optimums beyond which extra aggregation reduces the forecast skill horizon. We expect such windows of predictability to result from specific physical mechanisms that only modulate and extend predictability locally. To optimize subseasonal forecasts for Europe, aggregation should thus be limited in certain cases.
Monotonic convergence and robustness of higher‐order gain‐adaptive iterative learning control
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Ruan Xiaoe 
Published: April 2020

SummaryFor a class of repetitive linear discrete time‐invariant systems with higher relative degree, a higher‐order gain‐adaptive iterative learning control (HOGAILC) is developed while minimizing the energy increment of two adjacent tracking errors with the argument being the iteration‐time‐variable learning‐gain vector (ITVLGV). By taking advantage of rows/columns exchanging transformation of matrix, the ITVLGV is achieved in an explicit form which is dependent upon the system Markov parameters and adaptive to the iterationwise tracking‐error vector. Algebraic derivation demonstrates that the HOGAILC is strictly monotonously convergent. On the basis of the adaptive mode, a damping quasi‐HOGAILC strategy is exploited while the uncertainties of the system Markov parameters exist. Rigorous analysis delivers that the damping quasi‐scheme is strictly monotonically convergent and thus the HOGAILC mechanism is robust to a wider range of uncertainty of system parameters and the damping factor may relax the uncertainty range. Numerical simulations are made to illustrate the validity and the effectiveness.
Multigenerational Exposures of Daphnia Magna to Pristine and Aged Silver Nanoparticles: Epigenetic Changes and Phenotypical Ageing Related Effects
Authors: Ellis Laura‐Jayne A. , Kissane Stephen , Hoffman Elijah , Brown James B. , Valsami‐Jones Eugenia , Colbourne John , Lynch Iseult 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEngineered nanoparticles (NPs) undergo physical, chemical, and biological transformation after environmental release, resulting in different properties of the “aged” versus “pristine” forms. While many studies have investigated the ecotoxicological effects of silver (Ag) NPs, the majority focus on “pristine” Ag NPs in simple exposure media, rather than investigating realistic environmental exposure scenarios with transformed NPs. Here, the effects of “pristine” and “aged” Ag NPs are systematically evaluated with different surface coatings on Daphnia magna over four generations, comparing continuous exposure versus parental only exposure to assess recovery potential for three generations. Biological endpoints including survival, growth and reproduction and genetic effects associated with Ag NP exposure are investigated. Parental exposure to “pristine” Ag NPs has an inhibitory effect on reproduction, inducing expression of antioxidant stress related genes and reducing survival. Pristine Ag NPs also induce morphological changes including tail losses and lipid accumulation associated with aging phenotypes in the heart, abdomen, and abdominal claw. These effects are epigenetic remaining two generations post‐maternal exposure (F2 and F3). Exposure to identical Ag NPs (same concentrations) aged for 6 months in environmentally realistic water containing natural organic matter shows considerably reduced toxicological effects in continuously exposed generations and to the recovery generations.
Organization and membership: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Grothe‐Hammer Michael , la Cour Anders 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMembership is one of the most important concepts in organization theory, and has been mostly taken for granted for decades. Recent works have shattered the existing paradigm of membership, and several scholars have come up with new ways to understand the relationship between organizations and the people ‘belonging' to them. This debate has been crucially inspired by Niklas Luhmann's modern systems theory – however, so far mostly without developing modern systems theory itself. With this Special Issue on “Organization and Membership,” we want to carry the discussion back to its muse. This Special Issue presents works that specifically advance the membership notion of modern systems theory – and, hence, offer new inspirational impulses for the whole field of organization studies. In this introduction, we briefly present Luhmann's works on membership and provide an overview of the research articles featured in this Special Issue.
Energetisch aktivierte Stahlsandwichelemente mit Mineralfaserkern
Authors: Ridder Daniela , Tekinbas Yesim , Hachul Helmut , Weiland Finn , Kirchner Maik , Giovannetti Federico 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Zeiten globalen Warenhandels und digitaler Verfügbarkeit spielen Lager‐ und Gewerbebauten eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle. Allein in der BRD werden lt. IFBS‐Geschäftsbericht jährlich im Bereich von Dach‐ und Fassadenflächen Stahlsandwichelemente mit einem Polyurethan‐ oder Mineralfaserkern in einer Größenordnung von 20 Mio. m2 verbaut. In Europa sind dies lt. Forschungsinstitut für Wärmeschutz e. V. München sogar 130 Mio. m2. Diese Bauelemente sind aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit, Energieeinsparung und Durabilität erste Wahl. Laut EU‐Gebäuderichtlinie 2010 sind Neubauten so zu errichten, dass für Heizung, Kühlung und Lüftung möglichst keine Energie verbraucht wird. Dieses Ziel wird ebenso im neuen Gebäudeenergiegesetz festgeschrieben. Neben den bisherigen Strategien, Energieverluste durch größere Bauteildicken einzudämmen, wird im Folgenden die Option der thermischen Bauteilaktivierung aufgezeigt. Drei Ziele werden primär verfolgt: 1) Durch solare Gewinne soll Heizenergie reduziert, CO2 eingespart werden. 2) Mittels energetischer Gewinne soll die Dämmstärke reduziert, Ressourcen geschont werden. 3) Die energetischen Gewinne müssen in einem gebäudetechnischen Szenario valide abgebildet werden, die Wirtschaftlichkeit ist zu prüfen. Die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung fand im FOSTA‐Forschungsprojekt „Gebäudeintegrierte solare Stahlsandwichelemente für den Industrie‐ und Gewerbebau mit Mineralwollkern“ (P1253; IGF Nr. 19520 N) statt.
Two Anomalously Warm Years in the Northern California Current: Impacts on Early Marine Steelhead Diet Composition, Morphology, and Potential Survival
Authors: Thalmann Hillary L. , Daly Elizabeth A. , Brodeur Richard D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJuvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss enter the northern California Current ecosystem from the Columbia River and other Pacific Northwest coastal rivers and include several populations that are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. However, relatively little is known about the response of these populations to interannual variability in ocean conditions. In 2015 and 2016, anomalous ocean conditions, called the warm “Blob,” persisted in the northern California Current, increasing ocean temperatures by over 2.5°C. To determine how steelhead respond to such major shifts in temperature, we compared diet composition, stomach fullness, size, and body condition of juvenile steelhead collected in 2015 and 2016 to those of a subset of steelhead collected in previous surveys (2001, 2002, 2004, and 2006–2011) that included warm, cool, and neutral ocean years. In addition, we used bioenergetics models to assess the importance of the marine environment in contributing to changes in steelhead condition under different ocean temperature scenarios. Steelhead from 2015 and 2016 exhibited some of the poorest body condition values but were the largest sizes across all years evaluated. Steelhead diet composition varied between warm and cold years and between warm and average years, with steelhead consuming more insects, juvenile rockfishes, and rare and unidentified fish in warm years. Unusual taxa, including gelatinous salps (2015 and 2016) and juvenile smelts (2016), were consumed during Blob‐influenced years. Bioenergetics models indicated that interannual variability in growth was influenced by changes in temperature and feeding conditions in the marine environment, with significant differences in growth between warm and cold ocean years apparent as early as day 2 of the simulated marine residence. These findings highlight the potential for warm ocean years to influence the diet composition and morphology of Columbia River steelhead populations and may lead to a better understanding of factors influencing survival of juvenile steelhead during early marine residence.