bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate- to high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise reduces peripheral blood regulatory cell populations in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Andersson Sofia E. M. , Lange Elvira , Kucharski Daniel , Svedlund Sara , Önnheim Karin , Bergquist Maria , Josefsson Elisabet , Lord Janet M. , Mårtensson Inga-Lill , Mannerkorpi Kaisa , Gjertsson Inger 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveExercise can improve immune health and is beneficial for physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the immunological mechanisms are largely unknown. We evaluated the effect of moderate- to high intensity exercise with person-centred guidance on cells of the immune system, with focus on regulatory cell populations, in older adults with RA.MethodsOlder adults (≥65 years) with RA were randomized to either 20-weeks of moderate – to high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise (n = 24) or to an active control group performing home-based exercise of light intensity (n = 25). Aerobic capacity, muscle strength, DAS28 and CRP were evaluated. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 20 weeks. The frequency of immune cells defined as adaptive regulatory populations, CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25 + CD127- T regulatory cells (Tregs) and CD19 + CD24hiCD38hi B regulatory cells (Bregs) as well as HLA-DR−/lowCD33 + CD11b + myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), were assessed using flow cytometry.ResultsAfter 20 weeks of moderate- to high intensity exercise, aerobic capacity and muscle strength were significantly improved but there were no significant changes in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) or CRP. The frequency of Tregs and Bregs decreased significantly in the intervention group, but not in the active control group. The exercise intervention had no effect on MDSCs. The reduction in regulatory T cells in the intervention group was most pronounced in the female patients.ConclusionModerate- to high intensity exercise in older adults with RA led to a decreased proportion of Tregs and Bregs, but that was not associated with increased disease activity or increased inflammation.Trial registrationImproved Ability to Cope With Everyday Life Through a Person-centered Training Program in Elderly Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis - PEP-walk Study,NCT02397798. Registered atClinicalTrials.govMarch 19, 2015.
Effects of larval exposure to sublethal doses of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on body size, oviposition and survival of adult Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes
Authors: Gowelo Steven , Chirombo James , Spitzen Jeroen , Koenraadt Constantianus J. M. , Mzilahowa Themba , van den Berg Henk , Takken Willem , McCann Robert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Application of the larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) is a viable complementary strategy for malaria control. Efficacy of Bti is dose-dependent. There is a knowledge gap on the effects of larval exposure to sublethal Bti doses on emerging adult mosquitoes. The present study examined the effect of larval exposure to sublethal doses of Bti on the survival, body size and oviposition rate in adult Anopheles coluzzii.

Methods
Third-instar An. coluzzii larvae were exposed to control and sublethal Bti concentrations at LC20, LC50 and LC70 for 48 h. Surviving larvae were reared to adults under standard colony conditions. Thirty randomly selected females from each treatment were placed in separate cages and allowed to blood feed. Twenty-five gravid females from the blood-feeding cages were randomly selected and transferred into new cages where they were provided with oviposition cups. Numbers of eggs laid in each cage and mortality of all adult mosquitoes were recorded daily. Wing lengths were measured of 570 mosquitoes as a proxy for body size.

Results
Exposure to LC70Bti doses for 48 h as third-instar larvae reduced longevity of adult An. coluzzii mosquitoes. Time to death was 2.58 times shorter in females exposed to LC70Bti when compared to the control females. Estimated mortality hazard rates were also higher in females exposed to the LC50 and LC20 treatments, but these differences were not statistically significant. The females exposed to LC70 concentrations had 12% longer wings than the control group (P < 0.01). No differences in oviposition rate of the gravid females were observed between the treatments.

Conclusions
Exposure of An. coluzzii larvae to sublethal Bti doses reduces longevity of resultant adults and is associated with larger adult size and unclear effect on oviposition. These findings suggest that anopheline larval exposure to sublethal Bti doses, though not recommended, could reduce vectorial capacity for malaria vector populations by increasing mortality of resultant adults.
Evolutionary correlation of water-related traits between different structures of Dendrobium plants
Authors: Sun Mei , Feng Chun-Hui , Liu Zhen-Ya , Tian Kun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Leaf water conservation and pseudobulb water storage are two of the strategies commonly employed by epiphytic plants to adapt to dry environments. During the flowering period, a great deal of water transpires through the flowers, which then influences water-related processes. However, there is little research on the coordinated relationship between the different structures of epiphytes. Our study explored the phylogenetic conservation and evolutionary correlations between structural traits of 8 species in the genus Dendrobium by using phylogenetic independent contrast (PIC) analysis.

Results
Leaf dry mass, leaf water content, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area, stomatal density, stomatal area index, pseudobulb length, pseudobulb width, and flower dry mass show strong phylogenetic signals. Pseudobulb length is significantly positively correlated with stomatal volume but significantly negatively correlated with mesophyll thickness according to both species mean values and PIC values. Pseudobulb internode length is also positively correlated with stomatal volume but negatively correlated with stomatal density according to PIC values. Pseudobulb width is significantly positively correlated with leaf dry mass, stomatal density, stomatal area index, flower petal vein number and flower dry mass but negatively correlated with specific leaf area according to species mean values. However, these correlations are insignificant when PIC values are analyzed. Stomatal volume is positively correlated with flower dry mass, and after phylogeny is considered, this correlation is still significant. Leaf dry mass is positively correlated with flower petal vein number according to species values. Flower number per pseudobulb is negatively correlated with upper epidermal cell size according to species values but negatively correlated with stomatal area index according to PIC values. There are no correlations between pseudobulb and flower water-related traits according to PIC values.

Conclusions
A trade-off should exist in epiphytic plants between the two drought-tolerant strategies of pseudobulb storage and leaf water retention. Plants possessing thick blades with a few large stomata tend to use the pseudobulb water storage strategy to adapt to drought. Small flowers and low flower dry mass should be associated with the leaf water retention strategy. In addition, flowers and leaves exhibit an obvious water balance and should share common selection pressures. The present study provides a case with which to understand the coordinated adaptation of different structures in epiphytic plants.
The level of genetic diversity and differentiation of tropical lotus, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nelumbonaceae) from Australia, India, and Thailand
Authors: Mekbib Yeshitila , Huang Shi-Xu , Ngarega Boniface K. , Li Zhi-Zhong , Shi Tao , Ou Ke-Fang , Liang Yu-Ting , Chen Jin-Ming , Yang Xing-Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., a perennial aquatic macrophyte species, has been cultivated in several Asian countries for its economic importance, and medicinal uses. Two distinct ecotypes of the species are recognized based on the geographical location where the genotypes are adapted, i.e., tropical lotus and temperate lotus. The genetic diversity levels and differentiation of the tropical lotus from poorly studied geographic regions still remain unclear. Here, the population genetic diversity and structure of 15 tropical lotus populations sampled from the previous understudied natural distribution ranges, including India, Thailand, and Australia, were assessed using nine polymorphic SSR markers.

Results
The SSR markers used to genotype the 216 individuals yielded 65 alleles. The highest and lowest genetic diversity estimates were found in Thailand and Indian populations, respectively. STRUCTURE analysis revealed three distinct genetic clusters, with relatively low admixtures, supported by PCoA cluster analysis. Low levels of gene flow (mean N⁠m = 0.346) among the three genetic clusters signified the Mantel test for isolation by distance, revealing the existence of a positive correlation between the genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.448, P = 0.004). Besides, AMOVA analysis revealed a higher variation among populations (59.98%) of the three groups. Overall, the populations used in this study exposed a high level of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.596).

Conclusions
The nine polymorphic microsatellite markers used in our study sufficiently differentiated the fifteen tropical N. nucifera populations based on geography. These populations presented different genetic variability, thereby confirming that populations found in each country are unique. The low genetic diversity (HE = 0.245) could be explained by limited gene flow and clonal propagation. Conserving the available diversity using various conservation approaches is essential to enable the continued utilization of this economically important crop species. We, therefore, propose that complementary conservation approaches ought to be introduced to conserve tropical lotus, depending on the genetic variations and threat levels in populations.
Attitude control of an inverted-pendulum-type robotic wheelchair to climb stairs considering dynamic equilibrium
Authors: Onozuka Yuya , Tomokuni Nobuyasu , Murata Genki , Shino Motoki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe wheelchair is the major means of transport for elderly and physically disabled people in their daily lives. However it cannot overcome architectural barriers such as curbs and stairs. In this study, we developed an inverted-pendulum-type robotic wheelchair for climbing stairs. This wheelchair has a seat slider and two rotary links between the front and rear wheels on each side. When climbing stairs, the wheelchair rotates the rotary links while maintaining an inverted state of a mobile body by controlling the position of the center of gravity using a seat slider. In previous research, we confirmed that the wheelchair can climb by applying the control method consisting of a center-of-gravity control phase and rotary link control phase. However, it took approximately 15 s to rotate the rotary links during climbing because faster climbing causes the movement of wheels and the wheelchair to fall. This paper focuses on a control method to restrain the movement of the wheels when the stair climbing speed is increased. We realized that the movement was caused by forces acting on the pitch angle, such as the inertial force and the reaction of the driving force. We proposed the method considering the dynamic equilibrium of the pitch angle and confirmed the effect of the restraining wheels’ movement when the proposed method was applied.
Risk of Islet and Celiac Autoimmunity in Cotwins of Probands With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Triolo Taylor M , Pyle Laura , Seligova Sona , Yu Liping , Gottlieb Peter A , Steck Andrea K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Concordance for persistent islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes in monozygotic twins after probands are diagnosed is variable (30%-70%). Risk for development of IA in dizygotic twins is thought to be similar to nontwin siblings. Little is known in regard to the development of celiac autoimmunity (CDA) in twins of subjects with type 1 diabetes.

Objective
Our aim was to investigate the development of IA and CDA in cotwins of probands with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
Since 1995, the Twin Family Study has followed 336 twins (168 twin probands with type 1 diabetes and 168 cotwins) for a median of 14 years (interquartile range:10-18 years). Cotwins were followed for the development of IA, type 1 diabetes, and CDA.

Results
In monozygotic cotwins, cumulative incidence by age 20 was 14% for IA and 10% for CDA. Development of IA and CDA by age 20 was 9% and 12% in dizygotic cotwins, respectively. While the numbers are small, IA by age 30 years was 26% in monozygotic and 39% in dizygotic twins. In proportional hazards models, the proband’s younger age at diagnosis, but not sex or human leukocyte antigen were associated with time to IA and CDA in cotwins.

Conclusion
CDA risk by age 20 in cotwins was 10% to 12%. With long-term follow-up, cumulative incidence for IA is high in dizygotic twins, similar to monozygotic twins, suggesting a role of possible early environmental factors shared by type 1 diabetes discordant cotwins.
Conducting Research on West Bank Settlements: Architecture as Punctum and Archive
Authors: Allweil Yael , Ben Hilell Keren 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Conducting research on Israel's settlement project has become increasingly difficult throughout the past decade due to restrictions on public access to both the field and archives, including those of contemporary planning data. Meanwhile, scholars and activists have continued to document the spatial implications of settlements by diversifying their methods, including using architecture as forensic evidence of political aggression. In response, those who regulate access to archives and the field have focused on obfuscating information that could corroborate the illegality of settlements. This has led to a cyclical process in which the exposure of information and data has prompted the creation of further barriers to the field. Deep gaps in formal, authoritative data require methodological creativity and flexibility, such as reading the built environment itself as a primary source. Borrowing from Roland Barthes, this article points to the transgressive potential of architecture as a punctum, a point that opens research to multiple interpretations and helps researchers circumvent restrictions imposed by those regulating access to primary material. In this case study, we show how limited access to archival data has led researchers to study pre-approved settlement planning documents and settler-produced documentary clips, interweaving field and archive in meaningful ways. We argue that, by taking such an approach, researchers may transcend not only issues of access, but also traditional boundaries of disciplines.
Archives as Fields of Heritage-Making in Istanbul's Historic Peninsula
Authors: Aykaç Pinar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Heritage-making is a process of valorization carried out using complex exchanges, contestations, and negotiations between various actors. State actors attempt, through various strategies, to employ heritage-making in order to construct a unified heritage discourse and avoid multivocality. One of these strategies is the control of state archives, an approach that seeks to dictate what is accessible and inaccessible and thus to dominate conceptualizations of heritage. This paper discusses how research in state archives sheds light on heritage-making in Istanbul's historic peninsula and how the state's tendency to restrain access reflects the contested nature of Istanbul's heritage. The restriction or denial of archival access becomes a significant component of heritage-making in Turkey, shaped not only by the past but also by the present. Therefore, archives and the practice of archival research become both a tool for the researcher and at the same time a subject worthy of research in and of itself. This paper argues that the attitudes of state institutions and the discourses they adopt in restraining access to archives are in fact objects of enquiry in the understanding of the precise boundaries of their scope of authority and, as such, can provide further insight into the fragmented nature of the state and state archives.
Potential anti-diabetic property of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Saba senegalensis Pichon (apocynaceae) in mice
Authors: Mamadou Dosso , Adama Coulibaly , Ousmane Coulibaly , Doudjo Soro , J. David N'guessan 
Published: May 2020

This study made it possible to demonstrate that Saba senegalensis has hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglyvemic effects in mice. The aqueous extract of Saba senegalensis from 75 to 250 mg / Kg bw causes a dose-dependent hypoglycemia ranging from 4.84 to 34.62% (p <0.01-0.05), in normoglycemic mice, 60 minutes after treatment. The Glucose-Induced Hyperglycemia Orally (OPGH) test showed that in the presence of Saba senegalensis aqueous extract at a concentration between 75 and 250mg/Kg bw, the glucose-induced hyperglycemic peak (3g/Kg bw) is reduced from 26.49 to 71.77% (p < 0.01-0.05), 30 minutes after treatment. Oral administration of the aqueous extract of this plant in doses up to 5000 mg / Kg bw resulted in no deaths in mice during two weeks of observation.Â Â Â
Interleukin 8 Association with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Li , Meng Fanzheng , Liu Yuhuan , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2020

Infants with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus respiratory infection (HRV) produce inflammatory interleukins (ILs) in the respiratory epithelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of interleukin-8 in RSV negative and RSV positive patients. This study search was conducted without a time limit until 2020 through the databases of PubMed, Wiley, Springer, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar search engines, by two researchers independently. The random-effects model was used to compare of interleukin-8 in RSV negative vs. RSV positive patients, using Revman software version 5 meta-analysis software. Totally, 921 patients were evaluated (207 RSV-negative and 714 RSV-positive). The mean concentration of IL8 in RSV positive patients was 15.02 pg/ml (95% CI: 13.68- 16.35%). According to the meta-analysis results, the standardized mean difference (SMD) of IL8 concentration between RSV-positive and negative patients was 6.31 pg/ml) (95% confidence interval: 2.50- 10.13%). subtotal analysis of the IL8 laboratory assessment method revealed that there was no significant SMD deference in the studies that have used chemiluminescence (P=0.21). while IL8 concentrations were significantly higher in RSV positives in ELISA and Magnetic bead-based assays (P<0.05). It appears that RSV positive patients may have greater levels of IL8 than RSV negative ones; whereas the synthesis of IL8 tends to be more secreted into the nasopharyngeal space; whereas the evaluation approach can also affect the results.
PRMT5 and FOXP1 expression profile in invasive breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Su Hui , Liu Yingxue , Zhang Chunhong , Yu Tao , Niu Yingdong 
Published: May 2020

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment for patients with advanced localized breast cancer, but today it has found a good place in the early stages to achieve a negative surgical margin and increase the possibility of breast preservation. Numerous studies have shown that patient survival increases with a complete pathological response in the relationship of some immunological molecules known as immunohistochemistry markers. The aim of this study was to investigate the complete pathological response in the relationship between PRMT5 and FOXP1 expression. In a cross-sectional study of breast cancer patients in stages I to III, who were treated with Neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Breast Cancer Research Institute during the years 2018 to 2019, were examined. A complete pathological response was obtained in cases where no tumors remained in the breast and axillary tissue after surgery. Immunohistochemical analyzes for FOXP1, PRMT5, and PR and ER biomarkers of the tumor were conducted. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics by SPSS v. 21 software. 157 patients with a mean age of 47.5 ±16.2 years were included in the study. Our results revealed that there was no significant difference between the foxp1 Positive and Negative patients, in terms of cancer stage, metastasis, being PR or ER-positive (P>0.05). While being PRMT5+/- had a significant relationship with FOXP1 expression (p=0.001). In the case of the response to treatment, there was a significant association between a complete response and being foxp1 + (p=0.01). While in other immunohistochemistry markers, no significant association was found (P>0.05). Our study revealed no association of foxp1 and PRMT5 with other biomarkers of breast cancer and clinical progress of the disease. Our study revealed no association of foxp1 and PRMT5 with other biomarkers of breast cancer and clinical progress of the disease.
The application of DNA molecular markers in the study of Codonopsis species genetic variation, a review
Authors: Yang Mingjun , Abdalrahman Hosham , Sonia Uwimbabazi , Mohammed Alaa I , Vestine Uwitugabiye , Wang Minggang , Ebadi Abdol Ghaffar , Toughani Mohsen 
Published: May 2020

Codonopsis genus is comprised of species that are perennial plants primarily distributed across all east, southeast, and Central Asia. The most famous species of Codonopsis are C. tangshen, C. lanceolate, and C. pilosula. The records showed that they have a long story usage as traditional Chinese medicines, as they were alleged to be able to intensify the spleen and the lung as well as enriching blood and engendering liquid. Certain species have a culinary value in southern China and Southeast Asia, where they are considered as tea, wine, soup, plaster, and porridge. Codonopsis species were shown to be of great importance in medicine, due to their broad biological activity. Therefore, a clear understanding of their genetic diversity is needed. Adequate distinctions and descriptions of those species are necessary to preserve plant reservoir, investigations of genes associated with desirable traits, and understanding of evolutionary relationships. Subsequently, various molecular marker techniques such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and Sequence-Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) have been improved to provide detailed informations about genomes, that historically were not possible to obtain based on only phenotypic methods. This review represents the usage of DNA molecular markers for molecular diversity analysis of medically important species belonging to the genus Codonopsis.