bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disability digital divide: the use of the internet, smartphones, computers and tablets among people with disabilities in Sweden
Authors: Johansson Stefan , Gulliksen Jan , Gustavsson Catharina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough Sweden is one of the most digitalized countries and the Swedish population’s use of the internet is among the most studied in the world, little is known about how Swedes with disabilities use internet. The purpose of this study is to describe use of and perceived difficulties in use of the internet among people with disabilities and to explore digital divides in-between and within disability groups, and in comparison with the general population. This is a cross-sectional survey targeting the same issues as other nationwide surveys but adapted for people with cognitive disabilities. Participants were recruited from May to October 2017 by adaptive snowball sampling. The survey comprised questions on access to and use of devices, and use of and perceived difficulties in use of internet. A total of 771 people responded to the survey, representing 35 diagnoses/impairments. Larger proportions of people with autism, ADHD and bipolar disorder reported using internet than other disability groups. Women with autism used the internet more than any other disability group, and women with aphasia used the internet the least. People with disabilities related to language and understanding reported more difficulties using internet than other disability groups. Larger proportions of participants than the general Swedish population reported not feeling digitally included. In many but not all disability groups, larger proportions of men than women reported not feeling digitally included. Our findings show that there are differences in digital inclusion between sub-groups of diagnoses/impairments. Thus, disability digital divides are preferably investigated by sub-grouping disabilities, rather than studied as one homogeneous group.
Aiming for the top: non-cell autonomous control of shoot stem cells in Arabidopsis
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Lohmann Jan U. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn multicellular organisms, not all cells are created equal. Instead, organismal complexity is achieved by specialisation and division of labour between distinct cell types. Therefore, the organism depends on the presence, correct proportion and function of all cell types. It follows that early development is geared towards setting up the basic body plan and to specify cell lineages. Since plants employ a post-embryonic mode of development, the continuous growth and addition of new organs require a source of new cells, as well as a strict regulation of cellular composition throughout the entire life-cycle. To meet these demands, evolution has brought about complex regulatory systems to maintain and control continuously active stem cell systems. Here, we review recent work on the mechanisms of non cell-autonomous control of shoot stem cells in the model plantArabidopsis thalianawith a strong focus on the cell-to-cell mobility and function of the WUSCHEL homeodomain transcription factor.
Quality assessment of experimental IGS multi-GNSS combined orbits
Authors: Sośnica Krzysztof , Zajdel Radosław , Bury Grzegorz , Bosy Jarosław , Moore Michael , Masoumi Salim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe International GNSS Service (IGS) Analysis Center Coordinator initiated in 2019 an experimental multi-GNSS orbit combination service by adapting the current combination software that has been used for many years for IGS GPS and GLONASS combinations. The multi-GNSS orbits are based on individual products generated by IGS and multi-GNSS Pilot Project analysis centers. However, the combinations are not yet considered to be the final products at this time. The goal of this research is to provide a quality assessment of the very first IGS experimental multi-GNSS combined orbits based on Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations and the mean position errors from the orbit combinations. The errors available in the combined orbit files provide information about the consistency between orbits from different analysis centers, whereas SLR provides independent orbit validation results even for those satellites which are considered only by one analysis center, and thus, the quality of the combination is not provided in the orbit files. We found that the BeiDou-3 satellites manufactured by China Academy of Space Technology and Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites are characterized by opposite SLR residual dependencies with respect to the position of the sun which means that the orbit models for BeiDou-3 need further improvement. Smallest SLR residuals are obtained for Galileo, GLONASS-K1, and GLONASS-M+ . However, the latter is characterized by a bias of + 29 mm. The mean standard deviations of SLR residuals are 23, 29, 87, 51, 40, and 72 mm for Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou GEO, BeiDou IGSO, BeiDou MEO, and QZSS, respectively. The mean orbit combination errors in the radial direction are three times lower than those from SLR residuals in the case of MEO satellites and vary between 8 and 14 mm, whereas the orbit errors are four times lower than SLR residuals in the case of GEO and IGSO and equal to 11–21 mm.
Seq’ing identity and function in a repeat-derived noncoding RNA world
Authors: O’Neill Rachel J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInnovations in high-throughout sequencing approaches are being marshaled to both reveal the composition of the abundant and heterogeneous noncoding RNAs that populate cell nuclei and lend insight to the mechanisms by which noncoding RNAs influence chromosome biology and gene expression. This review focuses on some of the recent technological developments that have enabled the isolation of nascent transcripts and chromatin-associated and DNA-interacting RNAs. Coupled with emerging genome assembly and analytical approaches, the field is poised to achieve a comprehensive catalog of nuclear noncoding RNAs, including those derived from repetitive regions within eukaryotic genomes. Herein, particular attention is paid to the challenges and advances in the sequence analyses of repeat and transposable element–derived noncoding RNAs and in ascribing specific function(s) to such RNAs.
Phase I study of metformin in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Broekman K. Esther , Hof Marieke A. J. , Touw Daan J. , Gietema Jourik A. , Nijman Hans W. , Lefrandt Joop D. , Reyners An K. L. , Jalving Mathilde 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackground Metformin use is associated with reduced cancer risk in epidemiological studies and has preclinical anti-cancer activity in ovarian cancer models. The primary objective of this phase I study was to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of metformin in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel in patients with ovarian cancer. Secondary objectives were to describe safety and pharmacokinetics. Methods In this single-center trial the RP2D of metformin in combination with carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 6 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (q3w) in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer was determined using a 3 + 3 escalation rule at three fixed dose levels: 500 mg three times daily (tds), 850 mg tds and 1000 mg tds. Metformin was commenced on day 3 of cycle 1 and continued until 3 weeks after the last chemotherapy administration. The RP2D was defined as the dose level at which 0 of 3 or ≤ 1 of 6 evaluable subjects experienced a metformin-related dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Safety was assessed according to CTCAE v4.0. Plasma and serum samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses were collected during treatment cycles 1 and 2. Results Fifteen patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and an indication for neo-adjuvant (n = 5) or palliative (n = 10) treatment were included. No DLTs were observed. Three patients discontinued study treatment during cycle 1 for other reasons than DLT. Six patients were treated at the RP2D of metformin 1000 mg tds. The most frequent low-grade toxicities were anemia, hypomagnesemia and diarrhea. Grade 3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in ten patients, most common were leucopenia (n = 4), thrombocytopenia (n = 3) and increased GGT (n = 3). There were no grade 4 AEs. Metformin increased the platinum (Pt) AUC (Δ22%, p = 0.013) and decreased the Pt clearance (Δ-28%, p = 0.013). Metformin plasma levels were all within the therapeutic range for diabetic patients (0.1–4 mg/L). Conclusion The RP2D of metformin in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced ovarian cancer is 1000 mg tds. This is higher than the RP2D reported for combination with targeted agents. A potential PK interaction of metformin with carboplatin was identified.
Energy Minimising Configurations of Pre-strained Multilayers
Authors: de Benito Delgado Miguel , Schmidt Bernd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate energetically optimal configurations of thin structures with a pre-strain. Depending on the strength of the pre-strain we consider a whole hierarchy of effective plate theories with a spontaneous curvature term, ranging from linearised Kirchhoff to von Kármán to linearised von Kármán theories. While explicit formulae are available in the linearised regimes, the von Kármán theory turns out to be critical and a phase transition from cylindrical (as in linearised Kirchhoff) to spherical or saddle-shaped (as in linearised von Kármán) configurations is observed there. We analyse this behaviour with the help of a whole family $(\mathcal{I}^{\theta }_{\mathrm{vK}})_{\theta \in (0,\infty )}$

(

I
vK
θ

)

θ
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

of effective von Kármán functionals which interpolates between the two linearised regimes. We rigorously show convergence to the respective explicit minimisers in the asymptotic regimes $\theta \to 0$
θ
→
0
and $\theta \to \infty $
θ
→
∞
. Numerical experiments are performed for general $\theta \in (0,\infty )$
θ
∈
(
0
,
∞
)
which indicate a stark transition in a critical region of parameters $\theta $
θ
.
Ammonia: an approach for deriving project-specific bug patterns
Authors: Higo Yoshiki , Hayashi Shinpei , Hata Hideaki , Nagappan Meiyappan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFinding and fixing buggy code is an important and cost-intensive maintenance task, and static analysis (SA) is one of the methods developers use to perform it. SA tools warn developers about potential bugs by scanning their source code for commonly occurring bug patterns, thus giving those developers opportunities to fix the warnings (potential bugs) before they release the software. Typically, SA tools scan for general bug patterns that are common to any software project (such as null pointer dereference), and not for project specific patterns. However, past research has pointed to this lack of customizability as a severe limiting issue in SA. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose an approach called , which is based on statically analyzing changes across the development history of a project, as a means to identify project-specific bug patterns. Furthermore, the bug patterns identified by our tool do not relate to just one developer or one specific commit, they reflect the project as a whole and compliment the warnings from other SA tools that identify general bug patterns. Herein, we report on the application of our implemented tool and approach to four Java projects: , , , and . The results obtained show that our tool could detect 19 project specific bug patterns across those four projects. Next, through manual analysis, we determined that six of those change patterns were actual bugs and submitted pull requests based on those bug patterns. As a result, five of the pull requests were merged.
The Real Myth of Coherence
Authors: Lee Wooram 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I offer a novel view of the coherence (or structural) requirements on belief and intention, according to which they are not norms, but rather principles describing how your belief and intention operate. I first argue, on the basis of the unintelligibility of some relevant attitudes-reports, that there are conditions under which you simply do not count as believing or intending unless your beliefs and intentions satisfy the requirements: the conditions under which all of your relevant attitudes are occurrent or activated. I then argue that you are subject to a coherence requirement only if your relevant attitudes are all activated, for you are not necessarily subject to the charge of irrationality in violating a coherence requirement when your attitudes are not all activated. If so, however, you satisfy the coherence requirements whenever you are subject to them, which makes it plausible that the “requirements” should be seen as descriptive principles about belief and intention.
CircMTO1 Attenuated Acute Kidney Injury Through Regulating miR-337
Authors: Shi Chuan-chuan , Pan Lu-yan , Peng Zhi-yong , Li Jian-guo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for the increased risk of death in patients with sepsis. In the current study, we first investigated the expression of circMTO1 in sepsis-induced AKI, and the underlying mechanism was further elucidated. The results showed that circMTO1 expression level was significantly decreased in serums and kidney tissues of US rats and RMCs treated with LPS. Besides, circMTO1 overexpression promoted cell viability, suppressed cell apoptosis and cytokines production of LPS-treated RMCs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that circMTO1 served as a sponge for miR-337. Furthermore, circMTO1 could inhibit the expression of KLF6. Altogether, our study first reported that circMTO1 expression was decreased in sepsis-induced AKI rat models and RMCs treated with LPS. CircMTO1 overexpression could attenuate AKI development by sponging miR-337 and regulating KLF6 expression, which may provide new ideas for evaluation the pathogenesis and the treatment of sepsis-induced AKI.
Sulawesi Crested Macaque (Macaca nigra) Grooming Networks Are Robust to Perturbation While Individual Associations Are More Labile
Authors: Cowl Veronica B. , Jensen Keith , Lea Jessica M. D. , Walker Susan L. , Shultz Susanne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSocial and environmental disturbance occurs naturally, and species in bonded social groups should be resilient to it. Empirical evidence of social responses to disturbance in primates, however, remains limited. We constructed social networks using group-level scan samples (N = 299) to test the robustness of grooming networks in a captive group of 20 Sulawesi crested macaques (Macaca nigra) to two management interventions involving environmental and social disturbance. During the first, the institution removed six castrated males and one female, contracepted six of the nine remaining females, and moved the group to a new enclosure. The second involved the introduction of a novel, reproductive male five weeks later. Networks remained stable following the first intervention. However, after introduction of the male, the number of grooming partners and the frequency of grooming with non-maternal kin increased in female-only networks. We observed less marked increases in the grooming frequency and number of grooming partners in whole group networks. Ten weeks later, network structure was more similar to that of pre-intervention networks than post-intervention networks. Our results suggest that reproductive males play a more important role in structuring Sulawesi crested macaque social networks than castrated males, as networks expanded and relationships between non-maternal kin occurred more frequently after introduction of the reproductive male. However, network responses to interventions appeared to be temporary as networks following a period of acclimation more closely resembled pre-intervention networks than post-intervention networks. Our study demonstrates the utility of social network analysis for understanding the impact of disturbance on stable social groups.
Implementation of a Perceptual Controller for an Inverted Pendulum Robot
Authors: Johnson Thomas , Zhou Siteng , Cheah Wei , Mansell Warren , Young Rupert , Watson Simon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPerceptual Control Theory (PCT) theorizes that a creature’s behaviour is varied so that their perception can reach and maintain certain fixed limits, despite external disturbances. The distinguishing characteristic of PCT is that the controlled variables are the inputs (perceptions, as opposed to the system outputs). This paper presents the first direct comparison of a PCT controller for a mobile robot (a two-wheeled ‘inverted pendulum’ balancing robot) with a classical control method, LQR. Simulations and experimental validation results show that the performance of the PCT controller is comparable to the LQR controller and better at disturbance rejection.
Superconductor-Ferromagnet Tunnel Junction Thermoelectric Bolometer and Calorimeter with a SQUID Readout
Authors: Geng Z. , Helenius A. P. , Heikkilä T. T. , Maasilta I. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe superconductor-ferromagnet thermoelectric detector (SFTED) is a novel ultrasensitive radiation detector based on the giant thermoelectric effect in superconductor-ferromagnet tunnel junctions. This type of detector can be operated without the need of additional bias lines and is predicted to provide a performance rivaling transition-edge sensors and kinetic inductance detectors. Here, we report our numerical studies on the SFTED noise equivalent power, energy resolution and time constant, and the feasibility of a SQUID readout in both bolometric and calorimetric regimes, with the goal to provide practical design parameters for the detector fabrication and the readout circuitry implementation.
Normative Data for Novel Nominal Metaphors, Novel Similes, Literal, and Anomalous Utterances in Polish and English
Authors: Jankowiak Katarzyna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe two studies reported in the article provide normative measures for 120 novel nominal metaphors, 120 novel similes, 120 literal sentences, and 120 anomalous utterances in Polish (Study 1) and in English (Study 2). The presented set is ideally suited to addressing methodological requirements in research on metaphor processing. The critical (sentence-final) words of each utterance were controlled for in terms of their frequency per million, number of letters and syllables. For each condition in each language, the following variables are reported: cloze probability, meaningfulness, metaphoricity, and familiarity, whose results confirm that the sentences are well-matched. Consequently, the present paper provides materials that can be employed in order to test the new as well as existing theories of metaphor comprehension. The results obtained from the series of normative tests showed the same pattern in both studies, where the comparison structure present in similes (i.e., A is like B) facilitated novel metaphor comprehension, as compared to categorical statements (i.e., A is B). It therefore indicates that comparison mechanisms might be engaged in novel meaning construction irrespectively of language-specific syntactic rules.
Neonatology in Austria: ethics to improve practice
Authors: Stanak Michal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the world of Austrian neonatal intensive care units, the role of ethics is recognized only partially. The normatively tense cases that are at the backdrop of this essay concern the situations around the limit of viability (weeks 22 + 0 days to 25 + 6 days of gestation), which is the point in the development of an extremely preterm infant at which there are chances of extra-uterine survival. This essay first outlines the key explicit ethical challenges that are mainly concerned with notions of uncertainty and best interest. Then, it attempts to elucidate the less explicit ethical challenges related to the notion of nudging in the neonatal practice and argue that the role of ethics needs to be recognized more—with the focus on the role of virtue ethics—in order to improve the practice of neonatal medicine.
What is a Simulation Model?
Authors: Durán Juan M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany philosophical accounts of scientific models fail to distinguish between a simulation model and other forms of models. This failure is unfortunate because there are important differences pertaining to their methodology and epistemology that favor their philosophical understanding. The core claim presented here is that simulation models are rich and complex units of analysis in their own right, that they depart from known forms of scientific models in significant ways, and that a proper understanding of the type of model simulations are fundamental for their philosophical assessment. I argue that simulation models can be distinguished from other forms of models by the many algorithmic structures, representation relations, and new semantic connections involved in their architecture. In this article, I reconstruct a general architecture for a simulation model, one that faithfully captures the complexities involved in most scientific research with computer simulations. Furthermore, I submit that a new methodology capable of conforming such architecture into a fully functional, computationally tractable computer simulation must be in place. I discuss this methodology—what I call recasting—and argue for its philosophical novelty. If these efforts are heading towards the right interpretation of simulation models, then one can show that computer simulations shed new light on the philosophy of science. To illustrate the potential of my interpretation of simulation models, I briefly discuss simulation-based explanations as a novel approach to questions about scientific explanation.
An extension of the Kakutani–Bohnenblust characterization of $$L^p$$-spaces to $$p\in (0,\infty )$$
Authors: Teerenstra S. , van Rooij A. C. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor $$p\in [1,\infty )$$

p
∈
[
1
,
∞
)

, S. Kakutani and H.F. Bohnenblust have given characterizations of $$L^p$$

L
p

as a Banach lattice. We generalize that result to $$p\in (0,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

. In particular, we show that a quasi-Banach lattice "Equation missing" that satisfies $$\rfloor \negthickspace \rfloor u+v\lfloor \negthickspace \lfloor ^p=\rfloor \negthickspace \rfloor u\lfloor \negthickspace \lfloor ^p +\rfloor \negthickspace \rfloor v\lfloor \negthickspace \lfloor ^p$$

⌋

⌋
u

+
v

⌊

⌊
p

=
⌋

⌋

u

⌊

⌊
p

+
⌋

⌋

v

⌊

⌊

p

if $$u\wedge v =0$$

u
∧
v
=
0

, is isometrically Riesz isomorphic to $$L^p$$

L
p

.
Party leaders and voter responses to political terrorism
Authors: Geys Benny , Hernæs Øystein 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, we study the political implications of terrorism rooted in extremist political ideologies. Our data uniquely allow studying the potential role of party leader evaluations on political outcomes, including voter turnout and vote choice. To strengthen causal identification, we combine an event-study framework with the fact that Norwegians were affected personally to differing degrees by the 22 July 2011 terror attack because of variation in the victims’ municipalities of residence. Our main findings suggest that extreme right-wing terrorism influences party vote intentions and evaluations of political leaders strongly in the short run, as well as party choice in actual elections in the longer run. We document shifts within Norway’s left-right political blocs rather than shifts between those blocs frequently observed following religious/separatist violence.