bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavonoid-Mediated Modulation of CYP3A Enzyme and P-Glycoprotein Transporter: Potential Effects on Bioavailability and Disposition of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Iqbal Muzaffar 
Published: June 2020

The consumption of herbal products and dietary supplements along with conventional medicines has raised concerns regarding herb-drug interactions. The available literature from experimental and clinical studies suggested that the consumption of herbs or dietary supplements that modulate efflux proteins, especially P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and metabolic enzyme CYP3A, may cause clinically relevant herb-drug interactions by alteration of bioavailability and disposition profiles of targeted drug. It has been also hypothesized that both CYP3A and P-gp work synergistically to limit systemic exposure of orally administered substrate drugs. Many in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that co-administration of flavonoids significantly enhances the bioavailability of orally administered drugs, which may be due to inhibition of the CYP3A enzyme and P-gp transporter. Recently, a large number of orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been clinically approved for cancer chemotherapy, and many are currently estimated to be under development. TKIs are all primarily metabolized by CYP3A, and most of them are also substrates of P-gp. Numerous studies have suggested that the plasma exposure of orally administered TKIs increases when co-administered with other drugs due to their dual inhibitory activities against P-gp and CYP3A. However, limited data are available regarding the interaction between flavonoids and TKIs. The objective of this article is to review the potential role of flavonoids in modulation of CYP3A enzyme and P-gp transporter and their influence on bioavailability and disposition of TKIs.
Parrilla urethra: A sequalae of electric shock torture to genitals in men. A 40 case series in Kashmir (India)
Authors: Khawaja Abdul Rouf , Dar Manzoor , Dar Yasir , Magray Javeed , Sheikh Tariq , Zahur Suhail 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Since the 20th century, electric shock torture has become one of the most prevalent methods of torture partly because it produces sequelae that are more challenging to visibly detect, particularly when administered using high voltage and low current. In sexual torture, a wire is wrapped around the head of the penis and a wire electrode is inserted into the urethra.This produces unbearable pain and can lead to urethral strictures with devastating physical and psychological consequences.
Objective: To document electric shock torture to genitals as an etiologic agent in urethral stricture and erectile dysfunction amongst survivors of electric torture introducing the term “parrilla urethra” for the electric shock torture urethral stricture.

Materials and methods: The study included 40 patients who attended the Department of Urology, Directorate of Health services, Srinagar, Kashmir, India with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) / obstructive uroflowmetry between March 2010 and November 2014. All cases had an antecedent of electric shock torture to genitals six months to one year prior to examination. Pre-post psychological impact and well-being was used through Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores.
Results: The mean age of patients was 35.6 years. Most of the urethral strictures were located in the anterior urethra. Some degree of erectile dysfunction was present in all (100%) of patients. Psychological sequelae including depression, anxiety, acute stress disorder and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder were observed. Patients were treated with standard urethroplasty procedures after addressing the urethral stricture.This improved both physical and psychological sequelae of torture.
'Flipping the Script': The Not-So-Distressed Damsel and the Shirking of the Blame in Curial e Guelfa
Authors: OBrien Erica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract: This article explores the ways in which motifs of feminine culpability, typically articulated by the male courtly lover to his beloved lady in the Spanish sentimental novel, are subverted in the anonymous fifteenth-century Catalan chivalric novel Curial e Güelfa. This subversion of culpability motifs is facilitated in Curial e Güelfa since there is also a subversion of gender roles within the amorous relationship of the novel’s protagonists: a female lover, Güelfa, who courts her male beloved, Curial. I demonstrate how the same tactics used by the male courtly lover in the sentimental novel to blame the beloved lady for his suffering and the demise of the relationship are employed by the female characters of Curial e Güelfa toward the beloved man. However, feminine blame still occurs in Curial e Güelfa, manifested as feminine self-blame and blame between women, while the male characters engage in self-absolution, absolution of other men, and utter shirking of the blame. Keywords: Curial e Güelfa, sentimental novel, culpability, blame, absolution.Resum: Aquest article explora les formes en què els motius de la culpabilitat femenina, típicament articulats per l’amant cortesà masculí a la seua estimada, en la novel·la sentimental espanyola, es canvien en la novel·la cavalleresca catalana del segle XV Curial e Güelfa. La subversió dels motius de culpabilitat es facilita en Curial e Güelfa, perquè també existeix una subversió dels rols de gènere dins la relació amorosa dels protagonistes de la novel·la: una amant femenina, Güelfa, que corteja al seu estimat masculí, Curial. Demostre com les mateixes tàctiques utilitzades per l’enamorat cortesà en la novel·la sentimental per culpar a l’estimada pel seu patiment i la desaparició de la relació són emprades pels personatges femenins del Curial e Güelfa cap a l’estimat. Tanmateix, la culpa femenina encara es troba al Curial e Güelfa, manifestada com l’autoinculpació i la culpa femenina entre les dones, mentre que els personatges masculins practiquen l’autoabsolució, l’absolució dels altres homes i l’elusió completa de la culpa.
Keywords: Curial e Güelfa, novel·la sentimental novel, culpabilitat, pecat, absolució.
Nye læreplaner i utdanningsprogrammet restaurant- og matfag – kompetanse for fremtiden?
Authors: Eben Bjørn , Spetalen Halvor 
Published: June 2020

Den norske yrkesopplæringen er inne i sin første store reform siden Kunnskapsløftet i 2006. Fra høsten 2020 vil alle læreplanene i det skole- og lærlingebaserte opplæringsløpet oppdateres, og innholdet i disse læreplanene vil bidra til å forme framtidens fagarbeidere.
I denne artikkelen tar vi utgangspunkt i nasjonale og internasjonale beskrivelser av hvilke yrkeskompetanser det er behov for i fremtidens arbeidsmarked med særlig vekt på yrkesutøvelse i restaurant- og matfagbransjene. Dette er bransjer som har en stor utfordring med å skaffe tilstrekkelig antall faglærte yrkesutøvere. Spørsmålet om hvilken kompetanse framtidens faglærte i restaurant- og matfagbransjene bør inneha, har derfor stor betydning for både skole og næringsliv.
Spørsmålet vi undersøker i denne artikkelen er derfor: I hvilken grad er den nye Vg1-læreplanen i utdanningsprogrammet restaurant- og matfag tilpasset fremtidens kompetansebehov slik det beskrives gjennom forskning, styringsdokumenter og sluttkompetansebeskrivelser fra Faglig råd for restaurant- og matfag?
Empirien i artikkelen er basert på en kvantitativ spørreundersøkelse som kartlegger yrkesutøvelsen til yrkesutøvere i restaurant- og matfagene og tekstanalyser av sluttkompetansebeskrivelser fra Faglig råd for restaurant- og matfag og den nye Vg1-læreplanen i utdanningsprogrammet restaurant- og matfag. Artikkelens teoretiske fundament hviler i stor grad på styringsdokumenter slik som stortingsmeldinger og NOU’er sammen med nasjonal- og internasjonal forskning om nødvendig arbeidslivskompetanse for fremtidens yrkesutøvere.
Resultatene viser at det er liten forskjell mellom hva faglærte og ufaglærte yrkesutøvere gjør av arbeidsoppgaver i bedriftene. Betydningen av å være faglært er derfor relativt liten i det daglige arbeidet i bedriftene. I forarbeidene til nye læreplaner i restaurant- og matfag er sluttkompetansen i de ulike yrkene i restaurant- og matfag beskrevet av Faglig råd for restaurant- og matfag(2018) og høringsutkast fra Utdanningsdirektoratet. Analyser viser at kompetansemålene i den nye Vg1-læreplanen i varierende grad er tilpasset nødvendig kompetanse for et fremtidig arbeidsmarked slik denne kompetansen er beskrevet i forskning og styringsdokumenter.
Green Synthesis of Chromium Nanoparticles by Aqueous Extract of Melia azedarach, Artemisia herba-alba and Bacteria Fragments against Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Kotb O. M. , El-Latif F. M. Abd , Atawia A. R. , Saleh Sherif S. , El-Gioushy S. F. 
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out at the Tissue Culture and Germplasm Conservation Research Laboratory, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. in cooperation with Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt. from 2016 to 2020.
Medicinal plants contain many reduction substances e.g. terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. Melia azedarach and Artemisia herba-alba are rich in these compounds that are able to reduce chromium metal (VI) to chromium nanoparticles (Cr2O3). Chromium oxide nanoparticles were green synthesized by the reduction of potassium dichromate solution with Melia azedarach and Artemisia herba-alba plant extract. In biological methods, Cr2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by two biological agents of Erwinia amylovora dry matter and extraction. The resulting Cr2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. The antibacterial effect of Cr2O3 nanoparticles against E. amylovora gave the highest inhibition zone for Cr2O3 nanoparticles reduction by Artemisia followed by Melia (31.0 and 25.0 mm respectively). These particles were shown to have an effective bactericide on contaminated callus pear cells by Erwinia bacteria which gave survival 75% and 50% and 0.0% contamination.
Evaluation of Different Fungicides and Bioagents for the Management of Chickpea Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri)
Authors: Mahajan Seethiya , Kumar Deepak , Singh Santosh Kumar , Mahajan Deepak , Kumar Devendra , Paswal Shazia 
Published: June 2020

The incidence of the chickpea wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri ranged between 8.11 - 21.67 and 10.98 - 23.99 per cent with an overall mean disease incidence of 15.64 and 16.86 per cent respectively during Rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 in surveys conducted fortnightly in the different chickpea growing areas of Jammu sub-tropics. The maximum growth inhibition of pathogen i.e., 78.44 per cent was observed by local isolate T. harzianum (Th-III) and P. fluorescens (Pf-III) was least effective in controlling the growth of pathogen i.e., 53.00 per cent in In vitro studies. Among chemicals, carbendazim at 100 ppm was significantly effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogen (98.67%), while copper oxychloride and mancozeb showed inhibition of 83.11 and 82.22 per cent, respectively. Both the antagonists were highly sensitive to propiconazole (Tilt), carbendazim (Bavistin), difenoconazole (Score), iprodione + carbendazim (Quintal) and metalaxyl (Ridomil), giving no growth of T. viride (TV-III) and T. harzianum (TH-III). TMTD (Thiram) recorded least inhibition of both the bioagents. Under field conditions, bioagents recorded maximum seed germination of 90.21 and 90.07 per cent, whereas least germination was recorded in mancozeb (84.17 and 83.10%). Carbendazim recorded lowest disease incidence (14.92 and 14.97%) over untreated control (44.42 and 45.77%). However, maximum grain yield was recorded in azoxystrobin + T. harzianum-III (14.30 and 14.57 q/ha) and azoxystrobin + T. viride-III (14.15 and 14.38 q/ha) and the least grain yield was recorded in mancozeb (10.58 and 10.64 q/ha) during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18. Maximum increase in grain yield was recorded in azoxystrobin + T. harzianum-III (62.31 and 62.43%) followed by azoxystrobin + T. viride-III (62.61 and 60.87%) during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18.
TTK regulates proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through the Akt‐mTOR pathway
Authors: Huang Hongxia , Yang Yadong , Zhang Wenyuan , Liu Xinzhu , Yang Geng 
Published: June 2020

TTK (also known as Mps1) is the core component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which ensures proper distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells to maintain genome integrity and to balance growth and division. However, the function of TTK in tumorigenesis has not been extensively studied, especially in relation to the development of gastric cancer. In this study, survival and tumor recurrence data related to TTK expression level in gastric cancer patients were collected and analyzed. We observed that TTK expression was negatively correlated with survival and tumor recurrence in vivo. TTK was also upregulated in gastric cancer cells and was observed to be essential for the proliferation and survival of gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of TTK inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, we report that TTK regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells through the Akt‐mTOR pathway. Knockdown of TTK inhibited activation of Akt‐mTOR signaling. In summary, our data indicate that TTK is involved in the regulation of gastric cancer proliferation and apoptosis.
Stability analysis of delayed fuzzy Cohen‐Grossberg neural networks with discontinuous activations
Authors: Abdelaziz Meryem , Chérif Farouk 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this article, we investigate the dynamical behavior of a class of delayed fuzzy Cohen‐Grossberg neural networks (FCGNNs) with discontinuous activation functions subject to time delays and fuzzy terms. By using the inequality analysis technique and the M‐matrix theory, sufficient and proper conditions are given in order to establish the existence, convergence, and global exponential stability of equilibrium point of the system. In particular, we discuss the impact of discontinuous neuron activations on the existence and exponential stability of equilibrium point for FCGNNs. Two numerical examples are provided to substantiate the theoretical results.
Neuromodulation Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Yu Kai , Niu Xiaodan , He Bin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeuromodulation is a clinical tool used for treating chronic neuropathic pain by transmitting controlled physical energy to the pre‐identified neural targets in the central nervous system. Its drug‐free, nonaddictive, and improved targeting characteristics have attracted increasing attention among neuroscience research and clinical practices. This article provides a brief overview of the neuropathic pain and pharmacological routines for treatment, summarizes both the invasive and noninvasive neuromodulation modalities for pain management, and highlights an emerging brain stimulation technology, transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS), with a focus on ultrasound transducer devices and the achieved neuromodulation effects and applications on pain management. Practical considerations of spatial guidance for tFUS are discussed for clinical applications. The safety of transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation and its future prospectives on pain management are also discussed.
From Arteries to Capillaries: Approaches to Engineering Human Vasculature
Authors: Fleischer Sharon , Tavakol Daniel Naveed , Vunjak‐Novakovic Gordana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom microscaled capillaries to millimeter‐sized vessels, human vasculature spans multiple scales and cell types. The convergence of bioengineering, materials science, and stem cell biology has enabled tissue engineers to recreate the structure and function of different hierarchical levels of the vascular tree. Engineering large‐scale vessels aims to replace damaged arteries, arterioles, and venules and their routine application in the clinic may become a reality in the near future. Strategies to engineer meso‐ and microvasculature are extensively explored to generate models for studying vascular biology, drug transport, and disease progression as well as for vascularizing engineered tissues for regenerative medicine. However, bioengineering tissues for transplantation has failed to result in clinical translation due to the lack of proper integrated vasculature for effective oxygen and nutrient delivery. The development of strategies to generate multiscale vascular networks and their direct anastomosis to host vasculature would greatly benefit this formidable goal. In this review, design considerations and technologies for engineering millimeter‐, meso‐, and microscale vessels are discussed. Examples of recent state‐of‐the‐art strategies to engineer multiscale vasculature are also provided. Finally, key challenges limiting the translation of vascularized tissues are identified and perspectives on future directions for exploration are presented.
Bacterium‐Templated Polymer for Self‐Selective Ablation of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Qi Guobin , Hu Fang , Kenry  , Chong Kok Chan , Wu Min , Gan Yunn Hwen , Liu Bin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe recognition and inactivation of specific pathogenic bacteria remain an enormous scientific challenge and an important therapeutic goal. Therefore, materials that can selectively target and kill specific pathogenic bacteria, without harming beneficial strains are highly desirable. Here, a material platform is reported that exploits bacteria as a template to synthesize polymers with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic by copper‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization for self‐selective killing of the bacteria that templates them with no antimicrobial resistance. The bacteria‐templated polymers show very weak fluorescence in aqueous media, however, the fluorescence is turned on upon recognition of the bacteria used as the template to synthesize the polymer even at a low concentration of 600 ng mL−1. Moreover, the incorporated AIE fluorogens (AIEgens) can act as an efficient photosensitizer for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after bacteria surface binding, which endows the templated polymers with the capability for selective bacterial killing. The bacterium‐templated synthesis is generally applicable to a wide range of bacteria, including clinically isolated multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains. It is envisioned that the bacterium‐templated method provides a new strategy for bacteria‐specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence up to 800 nm Using Platinum(II) Phosphors
Authors: Wang Sheng Fu , Yuan Yi , Wei Yu‐Chen , Chan Wei‐Hsiang , Fu Li‐Wen , Su Bo‐Kang , Chen I‐Yun , Chou Keh‐Jiunh , Chen Po‐Ting , Hsu Hsiu‐Fu , Ko Chang‐Lun , Hung Wen‐Yi , Lee Chun‐Sing , Chou Pi‐Tai , Chi Yun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNear‐infrared organic light‐emitting diodes (NIR OLEDs) enable many unique applications ranging from night‐vision displays and photodynamic therapies. However, the development of efficient NIR OLEDs with a low efficiency roll‐off is still challenging. Here, a series of new heteroleptic Pt(II) complexes (1–4) flanked by both pyridyl pyrimidinate and functional azolate chelates are synthesized. The reduced ππ* energy gap of the pyridyl pyrimidinate chelate, and strong intermolecular interaction and high crystallinity in vacuum‐deposited thin films engender strong intermolecular charge transfer transition including metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer; thereby, exhibiting efficient photoluminescence within 776–832 nm and short radiative lifetimes of 0.52–0.79 µs. Consequently, nondoped NIR‐emitting OLEDs based on these Pt(II) complexes are fabricated, to which Pt(II) complexes 2 and 4 give record high maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.61% at 794 nm and 9.58% at 803 nm, respectively. Moreover, low efficiency roll‐off is also observed, among which the device efficiencies of 2 and 4 are at least four times higher than that of the best NIR‐emitting OLEDs recorded at current density of 100 mA cm−2.
Recent Advances in Formulating and Processing Biomaterial Inks for Vat Polymerization‐Based 3D Printing
Authors: Li Wanlu , Mille Luis S. , Robledo Juan A. , Uribe Tlalli , Huerta Valentin , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: June 2020

Abstract3D printing and bioprinting have become a key component in precision medicine. They have been used toward the fabrication of medical devices with patient‐specific shapes, production of engineered tissues for in vivo regeneration, and preparation of in vitro tissue models used for screening therapeutics. In particular, vat polymerization‐based 3D (bio)printing as a unique strategy enables more sophisticated architectures to be rapidly built. This progress report aims to emphasize the recent advances made in vat polymerization‐based 3D printing and bioprinting, including new biomaterial ink formulations and novel vat polymerization system designs. While some of these approaches have not been utilized toward the combination with biomaterial inks, it is anticipated their rapid translation into biomedical applications.
Boosting Catalysis of Pd Nanoparticles in MOFs by Pore Wall Engineering: The Roles of Electron Transfer and Adsorption Energy
Authors: Chen Dongxiao , Yang Weijie , Jiao Long , Li Luyan , Yu Shu‐Hong , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe chemical environment of metal nanoparticles (NPs) possesses significant influence on their catalytic performance yet is far from being well understood. Herein, tiny Pd NPs are encapsulated into the pore space of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), UiO‐66‐X (X = H, OMe, NH2, 2OH, 2OH(Hf)), affording Pd@UiO‐66‐X composites. The surface microenvironment of the Pd NPs is readily modulated by pore wall engineering, via the functional group and metal substitution in the MOFs. Consequently, the catalytic activity of Pd@UiO‐66‐X follows the order of Pd@UiO‐66‐OH > Pd@UiO‐66‐2OH(Hf) > Pd@UiO‐66‐NH2 > Pd@UiO‐66‐OMe > Pd@UiO‐66‐H toward the hydrogenation of benzoic acid. It is found that the activity difference is not only ascribed to the distinct charge transfer between Pd and the MOF, but is also explained by the discriminated substrate adsorption energy of Pd@UiO‐66‐X (–OH < –2OH(Hf) < –NH2 < –OMe < –H), based on CO‐diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Pd@UiO‐66‐OH, featuring a high Pd electronic state and moderate adsorption energy, displays the highest activity. This work highlights the influence of the surface microenvironment of guest metal NPs, the catalytic activity of which is dominated by electron transfer and the adsorption energy, via the systematic substitution of metal and functional groups in host MOFs.