bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bandpass filter using coupled‐line‐stub cascaded structure with high stopband rejection
Authors: Lu Sen , Xu Kai‐Da , Guo Yingjiang , Ren Yi , Chen Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA compact fifth‐order bandpass filter (BPF) with high stopband rejection level is proposed using a coupled‐line‐stub cascaded structure (CLS‐CS). Based on transversal signal‐interference technique, the CLS‐CS is introduced to improve the characteristics of the filter, generating four new transmission zeros (TZs) close to band edge. The positions of all TZs are calculated through input impedance deduction. For demonstration, a BPF prototype centered at 2.1 GHz is designed with measured 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 39% (1.68‐2.50 GHz) and stopband rejection levels of over 28.9 dB, which validates the proposed idea.
Technical Note: Patient‐weight dependence of the effective dose conversion coefficients for diagnostic x‐ray imaging procedures
Authors: Golikov Vladislav , Druzhinina Polina 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to provide a method and reference data for the evaluation of the weight dependence of the conversion coefficients from air collision kerma integrated over beam area to the effective dose for patients undergoing diagnostic x‐ray examinations.MethodA simple physics‐based analytical model was developed in order to calculate the weight dependence of the effective dose conversion coefficients based on existing values of the conversion coefficients between patient effective dose and air collision kerma integrated over beam area calculated by the Monte Carlo method on the base of computational MIRD‐5‐type stylized models.ResultsThe analytical expressions that make possible taking into account a patient’s weight when assessing the effective dose were presented. The following categories of diagnostic x‐ray examinations are considered: CT; plain radiography; cardiac angiography; fluoroscopy. The results indicate that the weight dependence of the effective dose conversion coefficients for different categories of diagnostic x‐ray examinations has the same form. Correction factor for evaluation of the new value of the effective dose conversion coefficient for a patient with weightWpa.when we know its value for a standard patient with weightWst.depends on the ratios of their weights (Wst./Wpat.) and fractions of the incident energy which is imparted to a patient.ConclusionsThe paper presents an approach and necessary data for the estimation of the weight dependence of the effective dose conversion coefficients for patients undergoing different diagnostic x‐ray examinations.
Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation for Chain‐Shuttling Polymerization of Olefin Block Copolymers in Continuous Stirred‐Tank Reactor
Authors: Tongtummachat Tiprawee , Ma‐In Rungrueng , Anantawaraskul Siripon , Soares João B. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA dynamic Monte Carlo model coupling with residence time distribution is developed to simulate chain microstructures of olefin block copolymers (OBCs) produced with the chain‐shuttling polymerization in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR). The simulated results provide information on how polymer chain microstructures (i.e., average molecular weight, average comonomer content, and microstructural distributions) evolve in a CSTR system and show a good agreement with previously reported theoretical and experimental results. The model is also used to investigate effect of reaction conditions (i.e., catalyst feed compositions, monomer feed compositions, and mean residence time) on time evolution of OBC chain microstructures.
Investigating cardiac stimulation limits of MRI gradient coils using electromagnetic and electrophysiological simulations in human and canine body models
Authors: Klein Valerie , Davids Mathias , Schad Lothar R. , Wald Lawrence L. , Guérin Bastien 
Published: August 2020

PurposeCardiac stimulation (CS) limits to gradient coil switching speed are difficult to measure in humans; instead, current regulatory guidelines (IEC 60601‐2‐33) are based on animal experiments and electric field–to‐dB/dt conversion factors computed for a simple, homogeneous body model. We propose improvement to this methodology by using more detailed CS modeling based on realistic body models and electrophysiological models of excitable cardiac fibers.MethodsWe compute electric fields induced by a solenoid, coplanar loops, and a commercial gradient coil in two human body models and a canine model. The canine simulations mimic previously published experiments. We generate realistic fiber topologies for the cardiac Purkinje and ventricular muscle fiber networks using rule‐based algorithms, and evaluate CS thresholds using validated electrodynamic models of these fibers.ResultsWe were able to reproduce the average measured canine CS thresholds within 5%. In all simulations, the Purkinje fibers were stimulated before the ventricular fibers, and therefore set the effective CS threshold. For the investigated gradient coil, simulated CS thresholds for the x‐, y‐, and z‐axis were at least one order of magnitude greater than the International Electrotechnical Commission limit.ConclusionWe demonstrate an approach to simulate gradient‐induced CS using a combination of electromagnetic and electrophysiological modeling. Pending additional validation, these simulations could guide the assessment of CS limits to MRI gradient coil switching speed. Such an approach may lead to less conservative, but still safe, operation limits, enabling the use of the maximum gradient amplitude versus slew rate parameter space of recent, powerful gradient systems.
Dynamic stochastic finite element method using time‐dependent generalized polynomial chaos
Authors: Lacour Maxime , Bal Guillaume , Abrahamson Norman 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWe present an intrusive formulation for the dynamic stochastic finite‐element method to propagate the epistemic uncertainty in material properties into a finite‐element system over time. The stochastic finite‐element method, originally developed for the static case, uses generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) expansions to represent the uncertainty in both material/load fields and displacement fields and solves for the unknown PC coefficients of displacement at each degree of freedom of the finite‐element system. In this case, the gPC basis used to represent the solution is optimal and can be kept the same throughout the static simulation; however, when integrating a stochastic system over time, it is proven that using gPC tends to break down for integrations over long times. The reason is that the solution's complexity increases in time, and the set of polynomials used in the gPC expansion to represent the solution, therefore, does not stay optimal. In this formulation, new stochastic variables and orthogonal polynomials are constructed as time progresses. These variables are obtained as the Kahrunen‐Loeve expansion of the finite‐element solution at the times of update, thus, optimally representing the distribution of the solution using a minimal set of orthogonal polynomials. The result from the method is a time‐domain polynomial chaos representation of the entire finite‐element solution. A fast post‐processing phase can be used to (a) obtain the probability distribution of the solution at each degree of freedom and (b) generate any number of time series realizations of the solution, which correspond to the same time series that would be obtained from a set of simulations based on direct Monte‐Carlo simulations of the uncertain material properties.
Urinary incontinence in young women: Risk factors, management strategies, help‐seeking behavior, and perceptions about bladder control
Authors: Lamerton Tayla J. , Mielke Gregore I. , Brown Wendy J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to describe the characteristics of young adult women who report urinary incontinence (UI), the types of UI they experience, the strategies they use or consider important for managing UI, and help‐seeking behavior.MethodsData were from the 1989‐1995 Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health cohort (n = 8457) at age 22 to 27 (in 2017). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize: characteristics of young women who experience UI; the types of UI they experience; which strategies women use to manage UI; perceptions of bladder control; and the proportion of women who seek help (and reasons why not). Prevalence ratios for UI according to sample characteristics were calculated using Poisson regression models.ResultsAt age 22 to 27, 11% (n = 986) of young women reported UI in the past month. Compared with women who did not have UI, those reporting UI were 7 kg heavier on average and were more likely to be in the obese body mass index category, report high psychological distress, and have at least one child. Most women with UI reported mixed symptoms of UI (stress and urge), and used a combination of strategies to self‐manage UI symptoms. Only one in five women had sought help or advice from a healthcare professional.ConclusionsObesity, parity, and high psychological distress are strong correlates of UI in young women. As the majority of women with UI do not seek help, the antenatal period may be a critical time for healthcare providers to identify those at risk, and encourage early prevention or effective management strategies. As physical activity is positively associated with better outcomes for obesity and psychological distress, there may also be concurrent improvements in UI if these issues are addressed.
Plowing with precedence in polynomial time
Authors: Castro Campos Rodrigo A. , Rodríguez Villalobos Cynthia A. , Zaragoza Martínez Francisco Javier 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe plowing with precedence problem is a variant of the windy postman problem, where a plow is required to clean streets after a heavy snowfall with traversing costs depending on the direction of traversal as well as whether a street has been previously plowed or not. We prove that this problem can be solved in polynomial time under natural cost structures. We also propose heuristics for this problem, which compare favorably with the state of the art.
Conducting and utilizing evaluation for multiple accountabilities: A study of nonprofit evaluation capacities
Authors: Bryan Tara Kolar , Robichau Robbie Waters , L'Esperance Gabrielle E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article combines the evaluation capacity building and nonprofit accountability literature to examine how nonprofits use evaluation data to address stakeholder expectations. Our study investigates how staff competency, technological resources, learning climate, and strategic planning influence a nonprofit's ability to demonstrate upward, lateral, and downward accountabilities. Results indicate different combinations of evaluation capacities matter more for particular stakeholder groups. We argue a more integrative nonprofit accountability requires that managers and staff know how toutilizeevaluation results for internal and external audiences. Nuances between specific evaluative capacities and their influences on multiple accountabilities suggest several implications for practice.
New numerical simulation for fractional Benney–Lin equation arising in falling film problems using two novel techniques
Authors: Gao Wei , Veeresha Pundikala , Prakasha Doddabhadrappla Gowda , Baskonus Haci Mehmet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pivotal aim of the present work is to find the numerical solution for fractional Benney–Lin equation by using two efficient methods, called q‐homotopy analysis transform method and fractional natural decomposition method. The considered equation exemplifies the long waves on the liquid films. Projected methods are distinct with solution procedure and they are modified with different transform algorithms. To illustrate the reliability and applicability of the considered solution procedures we consider eight special cases with different initial conditions. The fractional operator is considered in Caputo sense. The achieved results are drowned through two and three‐dimensional plots for different Brownian motions and classical order. The numerical simulations are presented to ensure the efficiency of considered techniques. The behavior of the obtained results for distinct fractional order is captured in the present framework. The outcomes of the present investigation show that, the considered schemes are efficient and powerful to solve nonlinear differential equations arise in science and technology.
Obesity Doubles Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Paris Hospitals, France: A Cohort Study on 5,795 Patients
Authors: Czernichow Sébastien , Beeker Nathanael , Rives‐Lange Claire , Guerot Emmanuel , Diehl Jean‐Luc , Katsahian Sandrine , Hulot Jean‐Sébastien , Poghosyan Tigran , Carette Claire , Jannot Anne‐Sophie ,   AP‐HP / Universities / INSERM COVID‐19 research collaboration and AP‐HP COVID CDR Initiative
Published: August 2020

ObjectivePreliminary data from different cohorts of small sample size or with short follow‐up indicate poorer prognosis in people with obesity compared with other patients. This study aims to precisely describe the strength of association between obesity in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and mortality and to clarify the risk according to usual cardiometabolic risk factors in a large cohort.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study including 5,795 patients aged 18 to 79 years hospitalized from February 1 to April 30, 2020, in the Paris area, with confirmed infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Adjusted regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the mortality rate at 30 days across BMI classes, without and with imputation for missing BMI values.ResultsEight hundred ninety‐one deaths had occurred at 30 days. Mortality was significantly raised in people with obesity, with the following ORs for BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2, 35 to 40 kg/m2, and >40 kg/m2: 1.89 (95% CI: 1.45‐2.47), 2.79 (95% CI: 1.95‐3.97), and 2.55 (95% CI: 1.62‐3.95), respectively (18.5‐25 kg/m2 was used as the reference class). This increase holds for all age classes.ConclusionsObesity doubles mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19.
Receding horizon path planning of automated guided vehicles using a time‐space network model
Authors: Xin Jianbin , Wei Liuqian , Wang Dongshu , Xuan Hua 
Published: August 2020

SummaryTime‐space network (TSN) models have been widely used for collision‐free path planning of automated guided vehicles. However, existing TSN models are planned globally. The global method suffers from computational complexity and uncertainties cannot be dealt with in the dynamic environment. To address these limitations, this article proposes a new methodology to decompose the global planning problem into smaller local planning problems, which are planned in a receding horizon way. For the local problem, new decision variables and constraints are incorporated into the TSN framework. Extensive simulation experiments are carried out to show the potential of the proposed methodology. Simulation results show that the proposed method obtains competitive performances and computational times are considerably reduced, compared with the global method.
Effects of the Brookite Phase on the Properties of Different Nanostructured TiO2 Phases Photocatalytically Active Towards the Degradation of N‐Phenylurea
Authors: Freyria Francesca S. , Blangetti Nicola , Esposito Serena , Nasi Roberto , Armandi Marco , Annelio Vincenzo , Bonelli Barbara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDifferent sol‐gel synthesis methods were used to obtain four nanostructured mesoporous TiO2 samples for an efficient photocatalytic degradation of the emerging contaminant N‐phenylurea under either simulated solar light (1 Sun) or UV light. Particularly, two TiO2 samples were obtained by means of as many template‐assisted syntheses, whereas other two TiO2 samples were obtained by a greener template‐free procedure, implying acidic conditions and, then, calcination at either 200 °C or 600 °C. In one case, anatase was obtained, whereas in the other three cases mixed crystalline phases were obtained. The four TiO2 samples were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (followed by Rietveld analysis); Transmission Electron Microscopy; N2 adsorption/desorption at −196 °C; Diffuse Reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy and ζ‐potential measurements. A commercial TiO2 powder (i. e., Degussa P25) was used for comparison. Differences among the synthesized samples were observed not only in their quantitative phase composition, but also in their nanoparticles morphology (shape and size), specific surface area, pore size distribution and pHIEP (pH at isoelectric point), whereas the samples band‐gap did not vary sizably. The samples showed different photocatalytic behavior in terms of N‐phenylurea degradation, which are ascribed to their different physico‐chemical properties and, especially, to their phase composition, stemming from the different synthesis conditions.
Multiregional whole‐genome sequencing of hepatocellular carcinoma with nodule‐in‐nodule appearance reveals stepwise cancer evolution
Authors: Takeda Haruhiko , Takai Atsushi , Kumagai Ken , Iguchi Eriko , Arasawa Soichi , Eso Yuji , Shimizu Takahiro , Ueda Yoshihide , Taura Kojiro , Uemoto Shinji , Kita Ryuichi , Haga Hironori , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Akihiro , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent genetic analyses revealed genetic heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although it remains unclear how genetic alterations contribute to the multistage progression of HCC, especially the early step from hypovascular liver nodules to hypervascular HCC. We conducted multiregional whole‐genome sequencing on HCCs with a nodule‐in‐nodule appearance, consisting of inner hypervascular HCC surrounded by hypovascular HCC arising from a common origin, and identified point mutations, structural variations, and copy‐number variations in each specimen. According to the genetic landscape of the inner and outer regions, together with the pathological and radiological findings, we examined the stepwise evolution of cancer cells from slow‐growing HCC to rapid‐growing HCC. We first demonstrated that most tumor cells consisting of hypovascular well‐differentiated HCCs already harbored thousands of point mutations and even several structural variations, including chromosomal translocations and chromothripsis, as the trunk events. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)‐associated aberrations, including promoter mutations, chromosomal translocation, and hepatitis B virus DNA integration, as well as abnormal methylation status, were commonly detected as the trunk aberrations, while various liver cancer‐related genes, which differed in each case, had additionally accumulated in the inner dedifferentiated nodules. Further, differences in the trunk and branch mutational signatures suggested a multistep contribution to the mutagenesis in each case. In conclusion, genomic alterations associated with the TERT gene could be the key driver events to form the hypovascular HCC, and additional case‐specific driver mutations accumulate during the progression phase, forming intra‐ and inter‐tumoral heterogeneity, confirming the importance of genetic testing before targeting therapy. These data shed light on the process of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis and will be helpful toward investigating new therapeutic strategies for HCC. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on influence of fiber length and fiber weight proportion in mechanical behavior of Calotropis gigantea fiber‐epoxy composites
Authors: G Ramesh , K Subramanian , S Sathiyamurthy , S Jayabal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPresent day's global issues focus on solutions to global warming using environment‐friendly biodegradable materials as an alternate to reduce the depletion rate of fossil materials. As the research literature encourages alternate materials for plastics, in composite material formation, this work envisages the use of Calotropis gigantea (CG) fiber as a reinforcement material. CG fiber is chosen in this work, as it is abundantly available in India and does not carry any great vegetation value. Using compression molding, samples of different fiber lengths (25, 50, 75, 100, 125,and 150 mm) with different fiber weight proportions (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) were made and subjected to tensile, fractural and impact tests. The composite with the blend of fiber length 100 mm and fiber weight proportion 40% recorded the highest value than the other combinations. Further, results show that, the mechanical properties of CG fiber are comparable with the other natural fiber alternatives experimented and reported earlier in the research literature. Morphology study of the broken surface of the specimens using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the nature of the fiber breakage. The overall results disclose that the CG fiber can be a potential reinforcing material in polymer composites, making it suitable for manufacturing automobile interior, exterior accessories, and domestic appliances.
Experimental investigation on the mechanical and morphological behavior of Prosopis juliflora bark fibers/E‐glass/carbon fabrics reinforced hybrid polymeric composites for structural applications
Authors: Madhu Puttegowda , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Khan Anish , Al Otaibi Ahmed , Al‐Zahrani Salma Ahmed , Pradeep Shivanna , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Boonyasopon Pawinee , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present world scenario demands for the utilization of natural fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites as opposed to synthetic fiber‐reinforced composites mainly due to their environmental friendly behavior, availability in abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and lightweight and moderately high‐strength properties. Along with the above said advantages, the ease of manufacturing of natural fibers has made the researchers around the globe to exploit several locally available natural fibers to understand their feasibility as reinforcement phases in different polymeric composites and their suitability in various commercial and engineering applications. This research investigation has been conducted to discover a better natural/synthetic fiber‐reinforced polymer hybrid composite for commercial engineering applications. This research investigation intends to recognize the effect of laminate stacking sequence of Prosopis juliflora fibers (PJFs)/E‐glass/carbon fabrics reinforced hybrid epoxy composites under five different composite designations. Manual hand layup method is used as the fabrication method, while studies on physical, mechanical, and morphological properties have been conducted in this research work. From the results obtained, it is obvious that the properties of PJFs/E‐glass/carbon fabrics reinforced epoxy composites enhanced due to the hybridization with the addition of E‐glass and carbon fabrics in PJFs and augments its suitability in the use of engineering structural applications.