bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SALIVARY GLAND SWELLING
Authors: Akulwar Akshay , Bavikatte Akshay 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
Although the salivary, sweat, apocrine, and mammary glands all have similar phylogeny and cellular phenotypes, many lesions are unique to the salivary glands. Various studies around the world reported incidence for all salivary glands tumors to be between 0.4 and 13.5 cases/100,000. Salivary gland swellings can be broadly classified into inflammatory, non- inflammatory and neoplastic swellings. Acute inflammatory conditions generally can be diagnosed by history and physical examination alone, whereas chronic inflammatory diseases and granulomatous disorders require supplemental diagnostic information including lab tests, imaging studies and biopsy. Accurate pathological diagnosis is necessary for proper management of neoplastic disorders. In this part of the world, the problem of these tumours is more troublesome in management because of their late presentation due to poor economic condition and lack of awareness of health among the general population. It is important to note that diffuse swellings usually signify disease of inflammatory nature. Discrete swelling within the gland usually indicates neoplasia and rarely replace entire gland until very late. Submandibular gland tumours are twice as likely to be malignant, compared to parotid. Sublingual gland tumours are unusual, 80% are malignant.
Material and Methods: Patients included were those admitted to surgical wards with salivary gland swellings due to obstructions of the salivary duct and neoplasia and were willing to participate in the study for investigation and treatment. Patients, hemoglobin level, bleeding time, clotting time, urine, sugar albumin, microscopy, chest screening, ECG, Blood urea, serum Creatinine, RBS was estimated. Specific investigations like FNAC, X-rays of Mandible were done for all patients in the study group. After evaluation of the swellings by clinical examination and by specific investigations, a surgical plan was formulated. The final decision was taken per operatively by the surgeon. The required specimen was sent for histopathologocal examinations. Different modalities of treatment adopted in this study were, surgery or surgery and post-operative radiotherapy.
Results: Age of the patients varied from 9 years to 80 years. Average age of the patient was 40.6 years. Out of 40 cases 15(35%) cases was of male and 25(65%) cases of female. 62.5% (25 cases) were found in the parotid gland, 30% cases (12) in submandibular gland and 7.5% cases (3) in the sublingual gland. Out of 40 cases, neoplastic lesions of 65.0 %( 25 cases) and non-inflammatory non neoplastic lesions of 37.5% (15 cases) were seen. Out of 25 salivary gland
Keywords: SALIVARY GLAND, TUMOUR, MALIGNANT, BENIGN, FNAC, HISTOPATHOLOGY
NICOLAU SYNDROME DUE TO INTRAMUSCULAR DICLOFENAC SODIUM INJECTION
Authors: Shaafie Harris I , Agarwal Soumya , Mohanty Swosti , Jain Chandni 
Published: March 2020

Nicolau syndrome (NS) is a rare complication characterized by tissue necrosis that occurs after parenteral injection of drugs. The exact pathogenesis is uncertain, but there are several hypotheses, including direct damage to the end artery, acute vasospasm and cytotoxic effects of the drug. Severe pain in the immediate post injection period and purplish discoloration of the skin with reticulate pigmentary pattern is characteristic of this syndrome. Diagnosis is mainly clinical and there is no standard treatment for the disease. Herein, we present a rare case of NS due to Diclofenac Sodium (Voltaren®) injection in an 80-year-old female suffering from Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) who was managed conservatively.
Keywords: Nicolau Syndrome, Embolia cutis medicamentosa, Voltaren, Diclofenac sodium
COMPARISON OF CLONIDINE AND FENTANYL AS AN ADJUVANT TO INTRATHECAL 0.5% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Jethani Kushal , Sahu Preeti , Bansal Anjali 
Published: March 2020

Background and Objective: Fentanyl and clonidine as adjuvants are commonly mixed with 0.5% bupivacaine heavy, by intrathecal route, for prolonging both sensory and motor blockade as well as for enhancing postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing major abdominal or lower limb surgery. This study was undertaken to compare the intraoperative effects and postoperative analgesia of fentanyl and clonidine, used as adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine during knee arthroplasty.
Methodology: This prospective, randomized study was conducted on 60 patients of ASA grade I or II, between 20 and 50 years of age divided into two groups of 30 each. The patients were given 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with either 25 mcg of fentanyl (Group F) or 50 mcg of clonidine (Group C) intrathecally. The onset of sensory and motor block, the duration of blockade, hemodynamic parameters, sedation score, total postoperative analgesia time, and side effects if any were recorded.
Results: Both the groups were statistically comparable for demographic data, onset of sensory and motor blockade, duration of blockade and hemodynamic parameters. However, the sedation score was more in clonidine group. The duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in clonidine group when compared with fentanyl group.
Conclusion: In comparison to fentanyl, addition of clonidine to intrathecal bupivacaine prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia and cause a higher sedation score.
Key words: Bupivacaine, clonidine, fentanyl
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CORREALTION OF MRI FINDINGS AND CLINCAL SYMPTOMS IN LUMBAR SPINE DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
Authors: G Solanki Kunal , M Matadar Hadin 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Degenerative disease of the lumbar spine is a broad terminology which includes disc degeneration, Modic changes, disc displacement, facet joint arthropathy and associated complications. The modality of choice for imaging degenerative disease of lumbar spine is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) due to excellent soft tissue spatial resolution and better tissue segregation.The aim of this study was to establish correlation of MRI Findings and Clinical symptoms in lumbar spine degenerative disease.
Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 100 patients; lumbar MRI scans were performed through L1 to S1 Intervertebral disc spaces. Clinical presenting symptoms of the patients were noted , followed by MRI in which mainly six degenerative findings were looked at which were disc degeneration, Modic changes, disc bulge, disc herniation, central canal stenosis and nerve root compression.
Results: Most frequent degenerative finding on MRI, in markedly symptomatic patients was disc degeneration seen in 100% of patients, followed by diffuse disc bulge (92.5%) and nerve root compression (82.5%). The least common finding was Facet Joint Hypertrophy seen in 22.9% of patients. In Degenerative imaging findings there was no significant sex difference. Degenerative findings were more common at lower lumbar levels (L4/L5&L5/S1). Disc degeneration, disc herniations, central canal stenosis and nerve root compression were common in patients with radiculopathy than in patients with low back pain only. In Minimally symptomatic patients disc herniation was not seen in any patient.
Conclusion:. The most frequent degenerative finding in markedly symptomatic patients was disc degeneration followed by diffuse disc bulge and nerve root compression. Posterolateral was the most common location for disc herniation. Disc herniation, disc degeneration, canal stenosis and nerve root compression were significantly seen in patients with radiculopathy. There were no sequestered discs found in the studied patients. All degenerative findings excluding disc herniation were also seen in lesser prevalence in minimally symptomatic patients.
Keywords: Degenerative Disease, Lumbar Spine, MRI, Disc Degeneration, Disc Herniation, Modic Changes, Clinical Symptoms, Back pain
TO FIND THE INCIDENCE OF POST OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION IN UNCOMPLICATED ACUTE APPENDICITIS CASES USING SINGLE DOSE PREOPERATIVE ANTIBIOTIC
Authors: Prashar Vishal , Singh Shamsher 
Published: March 2020

Background: The current practice in our hospital after appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis is continuation of antibiotics post operatively for 3- 5 days. No study regarding the duration of antibiotic use after appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis has been done in this institution before.
Methods: This randomized control prospective study was conducted in IGMC SHIMLA from August 2017 to July 2018. Cases of uncomplicated acute appendicitis undergoing emergency open appendectomy were included in this study.
Results: Out of 50 patients in group A, 5 (10%) developed wound infection. Out of 50 patients in group B, 4 (8%) patients developed wound infection. Over all incidence of wound infection was 9%.
Conclusion: Frequency of post operative wound infection is generally very low in uncomplicated appendicitis and single dose pre operative antibiotics are effective in preventing post operative wound infection.
Keywords: Uncomplicated appendicitis, SSI, Wound.
STUDY OF SERUM ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTIVITY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SERUM URIC ACID AND GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN.
Authors: Singh Supriya , Suri Arpita , Sinha Maheep , Fiza Bushra 
Published: March 2020

Background & Objectives:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and insulin resistance or both. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme, that catalyses the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to uric acid. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the level of serum ADA, serum uric acid and correlate it with Blood Sugar Fasting and Glycated Hemoglobin in patients of Type 2 DM.
Material and Methods: A total of 100 patients diagnosed for type 2 DM visiting the Outpatient Department of General Medicine and Endocrinology at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur were enrolled for the study based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected for all enrolled patients and analysed for the investigations like Serum BSF, HbA1c Serum ADA and serum Uric acid.
Results: In the study, all the parameters BSF, mean HbA1c, serum ADA and serum uric acid level were significantly higher in diabetic group in comparison to control group (p=0.000). The diabetic group were further subdivided on the basis of HbA1c levels, HbA1c ≤ 8% as good glycemic control and HbA1c > 8% as poor glycemic control. BSF, mean HbA1c, serum ADA and serum uric acid levels were observed to be significantly higher in poor glycemic control group as compared to that of good glycemic control. A significant positive correlation between S. ADA and HbA1c activity (r= 0.388) and between S. ADA and serum uric acid was also seen (r=0.252).
Conclusion: From the present study, it is concluded that there is an increase in serum ADA levels and serum uric acid level with increase in Glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c > 8%). Increase in serum ADA level was found to be associated with increase in Glycated hemoglobin levels which may play an important role in determining the glycemic status in diabetes. Further, increase in serum uric acid in levels could be due to increased activity of ADA, an enzyme that convert adenosine to uric acid. Hence, by analysing ADA levels and uric acid level in diabetes, glycemic control and insulin resistance can be assessed.
TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF CONCOMITANT BOOST RADIOTHERAPY AGAINST CONCURRENT CHEMORADIATION IN LOCALLY ADVANCED HEAD AND NECK CANCER (OROPHARYNX/LARYNX/ HYPOPHARYNX)
Authors: Pal Kapil Mohan , Rana Amit , Rana Priyanka , . Shalini , Gupta Manoj , Seam Rajeev , Gupta Manish 
Published: March 2020

Background: Most head and neck cancers, indeed 95% or more, are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and variants thereof, originating from the epithelium of the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), and adenocarcinomas from associated secretory glands.
Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted in the Department of Radiation Therapy & Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, IGMC, Shimla and patients were enrolled for a period of one year, from July 2012 to July 2013.It included all the eligible, previously untreated patients of squamous cell carcinoma of Head and Neck with histologically confirmed diagnosis and no evidence of distant metastasis. The sites included were oro-pharynx, hypo-pharynx and larynx with stages III, IV A and IV B.
Results: On first follow up, overall there was complete response at nodal site in 50 patients(69.4%) 26 in CRT arm (70.3%) and 24 in ART arm(68.6%), however the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.875).
Conclusion: There was comparable locoregional disease control with the use of accelerated six fractions a week radiation therapy compared to concomitant chemoradiation with conventional fractionation.
Keywords: Six fraction, Concomitant chemoradiation, Conventional fractionation.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LOW DOSE ATROPINE 0.01% IN SLOWING OF PROGRESSION OF MYOPIA
Authors: Gupta Shalini , Gupta Poonam , Verma Rashi , Gosh Basudeb , Bhardwaj Rakesh 
Published: March 2020

Background: Myopia, commonly referred to as short sightedness is a form of refractive error and is a very common cause of visual disability throughout the world.
Methods: Hospital based prospective study conducted on 100 patients of Myopia attending to Department of Opthalmolgy.
Results: There was no significant difference in the age, gender distribution, baseline myopia progression or follow-up duration between patients who used night application compared with daytime atropine. Effectiveness was better with daytime application.
Conclusion: 1% atropine eye drops were well tolerated and efficacious for the retardation of progressive myopia in Indian eyes. Effectiveness was better with daytime application. Further studies are necessary to assess the role of 1% atropine in the rapid progressors and patients poorly responding to low-dose atropine.
Keywords: Myopia, Atropine, low dose.
DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THYROID DISORDERS
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Gupta Saurabh , Nimbalkar Vaishali 
Published: March 2020

Background: Thyroid hormones have profound metabolic effects, the most striking action being an increase in energy expenditure. Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism; and thyroid dysfunctions can result in lipid abnormalities which increase the risk of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Methods-A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with suspicion of thyroid disorders were taken as cases. One hundred patients with normal thyroid profile and no history of other chronic diseases were taken as control group.
Results- The serum TC, TG and LDL levels in hypothyroid individuals (both overt and subclinical) were significantly higher than euthyroid subjects but the levels were comparable between hyperthyroid and euthyroid group.
Conclusion: We conclude that, dyslipidemias are associated with thyroid disorders, so biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction in all dyslipidemic patients. Therefore, patients presenting with dyslipidemia are recommended for investigation to explore thyroid dysfunction.
Keywords: Total cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL.
AN AUDIT ON PATTERN OF MORTALITY IN A MEDICINE ICU AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH-EAST INDIA
Authors: Pal Achintya , K Prashanth 
Published: March 2020

Background: Mortalities in medical Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are largely variable. Intensive care medicine has developed significantly over time. But still it is unpredictable in terms of pattern of mortality.
Materials and Methods: A total of 266 patients who died in the ICU of a tertiary care Hospital over the period of one year were studied retrospectively to review the mortality pattern.
Results: Out of 266 patients Male comprised 71.8% and female 28.2 %. Patients from rural area were 70.7% where as 29.3% belong to urban society. Among the study population preexisting diabetic and hypertensive patients were 10.5% and 16.5 % whereas 12.4 % were suffering from both. 56% of the study population was from more than 60 years age group. Sepsis (26.3%) was the leading cause of death followed by stroke (19.9%) and COPD (13.9%). Mean duration of hospital stay among study population was 7.61 days.
Conclusion: Sepsis, stroke, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality in our study. Prospective, larger, more studies regarding ICU mortality should be carried out for policy planning to improve the healthcare resources.
Keywords: mortality pattern, Intensive Care Unit, sepsis
EVALUATION OF FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS REFERRED TO DARBHANGA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL
Authors: Kumar Keshav , Chettiankandy TabitaJoy 
Published: March 2020

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic progressive and irreversible disease affecting the oral, oropharyngeal, and sometimes the esophageal mucous. OSF is a disease that causes changes similar to those of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) but limited to oral tissues. The disease is seen in those from the Indian subcontinent and from many parts of South-East Asia. It causes significant morbidity (in terms of loss of mouth function as tissues become rigid and mouth opening becomes difficult) and mortality (when transformation into squamous cell carcinoma occurs). The introduction of chewing tobacco containing areca nut into the market has been associated with a sharp increase in the frequency of OSF. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Evaluation of Factors Responsible for the Occurrence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Patients Referred to Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital.
The present study was carried out in the Department of Dentistry, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital Laheriasarai, Darbhanga Bihar. In the present study 30 cases of the oral submucous fibrosis were enrolled.
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic insidious disease affecting any part of the oral cavity and sometimes the pharynx. Although, occasionally preceded by or associated with vesicle formation, it is always associated with a juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction. It is important that preventive efforts be carried out by the concerned authorities and public health professionals in establishing tobacco cessation clinics and tobacco awareness education in such masses (especially the young generation) along with a long standing and a close knit motivation program that enables our future generations to come to avoid the menace of tobacco and its subsequent health effects.
Keywords: Oral submucous fibrosis, OSF, oral cavity, Bihar.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AND OUT OF POCKET EXPENSES AMONG ELDERLY IN THE RURAL POPULATION IN INDORE.
Authors: Lazarus Akanksha , Sahasrabudhhe Aarti , Arora V.K. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Population ageing is global phenomenon. In India, size and share of elderly population is growing fast. The elderly due to increased morbidity from chronic disease have long term health care needs. The cost of the health care during old age appears to be very high.
Objectives: 1. To determine health seeking behaviour of elderly rural population of Indore. 2. To assess their out of pocket expense.
Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted at Field practice area of Index Medical College, Indore in November 2017 to February 2018. A semi structured questionnaire was administered using the interview technique. Sample Size calculated was 250 by Simple Random Sampling. Elderly 60 years of age and above were included in the study. Study variables included sociodemographic parameters such as age, sex, education, occupation, socioeconomic status, and marital status. Data entry and statistical analysis used SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Out of 250 participants 139 were males and 111 were females.76.2% elderly suffering from chronic illness were on regular treatment, Prevalence of chronic illness (75.9%) was highest in participants who were above 80 years. The reason for not taking regular treatment in 57.7% elderly was expensive medicines and 29.6% showed ignorance towards health seeking in terms of treatment prescribed, 62% participants get the money from their children or other family members for their health care needs.
Conclusions: Out of the total expenditure on health care, nearly half of it is towards medicines. Treatment cost for chronic morbidities is also quite high. When older persons are economically dependent, increasing health expenditure adds to the economic burden on the family. Elderly patients should be encouraged to visit government health setups and avail the benefits of various government health policies.
Keywords: Ageing, elderly, rural, health seeking, out of pocket expenses.
STUDY OF HAEMOGLOBIN, IRON AND FERRITIN LEVELS IN PRETERM DELIVERY
Authors: Kondhalkar Ankita , Jha Rakesh Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Preterm babies are prone to serious illness or death during the neonatal period. PTB is one of the unresolved problems in clinical obstetrics and one of the greatest threats to the developing fetus, there is need to determine predictive biomarker for preterm delivery. Therefore present study aimed to assess serum levels of haemoglobin, iron and Ferittin in preterm and full-term delivery
Materials & Methods: The present study includes total 80 subjects that comprise forty women presenting with preterm onset of labor followed by delivery and forty women who delivered at term served as controls. Blood Samples from the patients were obtained for haemoglobin, iron and ferritin estimation, when patient was in labor. Serum Iron was estimated by coral clinical kit method. Serum ferritin was performed by Electrochemiluminescence method. Haemoglobin levels were measured by automated haematology analyser.
Results: Serum ferritin levels were significantly increased (P<0.001) in preterm delivery as compared to full term delivery. Haemoglobin levels are significantly decreased in preterm delivery (p<0.001) as compared to full term delivery. Serum iron levels were non significantly increased in preterm delivery as compare to the full-term delivery. (P ≤0.05).
Conclusion: Our study showed that low levels of Haemoglobin and elevated ferritin levels may be associated with preterm delivery in asymptomatic pregnant women. Though ferritin is an acute phase reactant is elevated in women predisposed to preterm delivery.
Keywords: HAEMOGLOBIN, IRON, FERRITIN, PTB, CVF, BMI
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NON SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR
Authors: Sharma Jitendra Kumar , Joshi Vinod , Khippal Narendra , Jain Shubhra 
Published: March 2020

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. We study an epidemiological profile of non small cell lung carcinoma at tertiary care hospital, Jaipur.
Methods: This was a hospital based prospective and observational study carried out on Cases detected as non small cell carcinoma on histopathological examination of lung tissue biopsy of lung carcinoma patients attending OPD or hospitalized at Department of Respiratory Medicine during the year 2018-2019. Institute of Respiratory Diseases is a tertiary care center for tuberculosis and Respiratory diseases in Rajasthan.
Results: Maximum numbers of cases were seen in male gender with age group 60-69 years accounting for 21 cases while number of females of this age group was also maximum comprising of 9 cases. Maximum male cases were smokers for more than 10 years and their number was 36 out of 95 cases while maximum number of female smokers was 8 with a history of smoking less than 10 years. Males with negative history of smoking were 14 while females were 5.
Conclusion: Maximum male cases with lung carcinoma had history of smoking exposure more than 10 years as compared to females.
Keywords: Lung carcinoma, Smoking, Male