bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing and improving techniques for conductivity image reconstruction in MIT: A simulation study
Authors: Yazdanian Hassan , Jafari Reza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on comparison and improvements of techniques for conductivity image reconstruction in magnetic induction tomography (MIT). MIT imaging modality is a noncontact, portable, and inexpensive tool. In previous studies, generally, the real part (in‐phase component) and the imaginary part (quadrature component) of the induced voltages have been used in low‐ and high‐contrast conductivity imaging, respectively. However, techniques for conductivity image reconstruction in the middle‐contrast conductivity have not been well‐established in the MIT literature. In this work, the necessity of using both the real and imaginary parts of the induced voltages in MIT is described, and a technique which uses both the real and imaginary parts of the induced voltages for conductivity image reconstruction is presented. This technique includes conductivity image reconstruction in the middle range of conductivity. Results show the efficiency of the proposed technique compared to the previous technique especially in the middle‐contrast conductivity applications and in imaging regions with multitarget objectives with vastly different conductivity values.
Estimating Abundance of an Unmarked, Low‐Density Species using Cameras
Authors: Loonam Kenneth E. , Ausband David E. , Lukacs Paul M. , Mitchell Michael S. , Robinson Hugh S. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTEstimating abundance of wildlife populations can be challenging and costly, especially for species that are difficult to detect and that live at low densities, such as cougars (Puma concolor). Remote, motion‐sensitive cameras are a relatively efficient monitoring tool, but most abundance estimation techniques using remote cameras rely on some or all of the population being uniquely identifiable. Recently developed methods estimate abundance from encounter rates with remote cameras and do not require identifiable individuals. We used 2 methods, the time‐to‐event and space‐to‐event models, to estimate the density of 2 cougar populations in Idaho, USA, over 3 winters from 2016–2019. We concurrently estimated cougar density using the random encounter model (REM), an existing camera‐based method for unmarked populations, and genetic spatial capture recapture (SCR), an established method for monitoring cougar populations. In surveys for which we successfully estimated density using the SCR model, the time‐to‐event estimates were more precise and showed comparable variation between survey years. The space‐to‐event estimates were less precise than the SCR estimates and were more variable between survey years. Compared to REM, time‐to‐event was more precise and consistent, and space‐to‐event was less precise and consistent. Low sample sizes made the space‐to‐event and SCR models inconsistent from survey to survey, and non‐random camera placement may have biased both of the camera‐based estimators high. We show that camera‐based estimators can perform comparably to existing methods for estimating abundance in unmarked species that live at low densities. With the time‐ and space‐to‐event models, managers could use remote cameras to monitor populations of multiple species at broader spatial and temporal scales than existing methods allow. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
An Evaluation of the Presence of Spin in the Abstracts of Tonsillectomy Systematic Reviews
Authors: Cooper Craig M. , Johnson Austin , Gray Harrison , Vassar Matt 
Published: September 2020

Objectives/HypothesisSpin—the practice of adding or omitting information intentionally or unintentionally to make the results of a study more favorable—may influence clinical decision making, especially when present in study abstracts. Here, we quantify and characterize the presence of spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews regarding tonsillectomy.MethodsThis study is an analysis of systematic review abstracts. Searches were conducted on September 23, 2019 on PubMed and Embase using the advanced search feature to retrieve systematic reviews regarding tonsillectomies. The nine most severe forms of spin were then evaluated. Spin was classified by two investigators in parallel, with each blinded to the classifications of the other. Study characteristics were also recorded in duplicate. Consensus meetings between investigators were held to resolve disagreements.ResultsIn the 85 included systematic reviews, at least one form of spin was present in 44.7% (38/85) of abstracts. Journals with higher impact factors were less likely to contain spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews (point biserial correlation coefficient of −0.30). No statistically significant associations were found between the presence of spin and intervention type (P = .56) or adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (P = .08); however, there was a significant association between spin and funding source (P = .03).ConclusionsSpin was common in the abstracts of our sample of tonsillectomy systematic reviews. Researchers, clinicians, and peer reviewers could benefit from learning to recognize spin in medical literature. Further research is needed into the effects of spin on clinical decision making.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E727–E731, 2021
Antibacterial Hybrid Hydrogels
Authors: Cao Zhongming , Luo Yue , Li Zhaoyang , Tan Lei , Liu Xiangmei , Li Changyi , Zheng Yufeng , Cui Zhenduo , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Liang Yanqin , Zhu Shengli , Wu Shuilin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBacterial infectious diseases and bacterial‐infected environments have been threatening the health of human beings all over the world. In view of the increased bacteria resistance caused by overuse or improper use of antibiotics, antibacterial biomaterials are developed as the substitutes for antibiotics in some cases. Among them, antibacterial hydrogels are attracting more and more attention due to easy preparation process and diversity of structures by changing their chemical cross‐linkers via covalent bonds or noncovalent physical interactions, which can endow them with various specific functions such as high toughness and stretchability, injectability, self‐healing, tissue adhesiveness and rapid hemostasis, easy loading and controlled drug release, superior biocompatibility and antioxidation as well as good conductivity. In this review, the recent progress of antibacterial hydrogel including the fabrication methodologies, interior structures, performances, antibacterial mechanisms, and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels is summarized. According to the bacteria‐killing modes of hydrogels, several representative hydrogels such as silver nanoparticles‐based hydrogel, photoresponsive hydrogel including photothermal and photocatalytic, self‐bacteria‐killing hydrogel such as inherent antibacterial peptides and cationic polymers, and antibiotics‐loading hydrogel are focused on. Furthermore, current challenges of antibacterial hydrogels are discussed and future perspectives in this field are also proposed.
Transgenic zebrafish for modeling hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nakayama Joji , Gong Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLiver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths throughout the world, and more than 0.6 million people die from liver cancer annually. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies to eliminate malignant cells from liver cancer patients are urgently needed. Recent advances in high‐throughput genomic technologies have identified de novo candidates for oncogenes and pharmacological targets. However, testing and understanding the mechanism of oncogenic transformation as well as probing the kinetics and therapeutic responses of spontaneous tumors in an intact microenvironment require in vivo examination using genetically modified animal models. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has attracted increasing attention as a new model for studying cancer biology since the organs in the model are strikingly similar to human organs and the model can be genetically modified in a short time and at a low cost. This review summarizes the current knowledge of epidemiological data and genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), zebrafish models of HCC, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting HCC based on knowledge from the models.
Orthopaedic consultant surgeons perceptions of an advanced practice physiotherapy service in paediatrics: A qualitative study
Authors: O Mir Marie , Blake Catherine , Cunningham Caitriona , Fennelly Orna , O'Sullivan Cliona 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine orthopaedic consultants' perceptions of an advanced practice physiotherapy (APP) service in paediatrics.DesignThis is a qualitative study that use semi‐structured interviews to explore consultant doctors' experiences of an APP paediatric orthopaedic service and its development. Data were transcribed verbatim and subsequently underwent thematic analysis.ParticipantsFive orthopaedic consultants in two hospital settings participated, and all of whom had experience of working with paediatric orthopaedic APPs.ResultsSeven themes were derived from the analysis, with all participants in the study identifying factors affecting the development of the service and demonstrating broad support for the APP role, with benefits noted as including improved efficiency of service, expansion of skill mix within the team, positive impressions of the standard of care and improved education and liaison with the families and community practitioners at large.ConclusionsThis paper highlights many of the factors that should be considered when introducing an APP service in an outpatient setting. This study demonstrates consistent cross‐site positive regard in the skill and competency of the APP in paediatric orthopaedics, to enhance orthopaedic services for children.
Waist Circumference Change During Intensive Lifestyle Intervention and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in the Look AHEAD Trial
Authors: Olson KayLoni L. , Neiberg Rebecca H. , Espeland Mark A. , Johnson Karen C. , Knowler William C. , Pi‐Sunyer Xavier , Staiano Amanda E. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Wing Rena R. ,   The Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial was a randomized trial comparing effects of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and diabetes support and education (DSE) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. A secondary analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between change in weight and waist circumference (WC) and CVD outcomes.MethodsParticipants (N = 5,490) were classified into four categories based on change in weight and WC between baseline and year 1 (both increased, both decreased, etc.). Separate Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit for ILI and DSE (using group that reduced weight/WC as reference), and time to first occurrence of primary and secondary CVD outcomes from year 1 through a median of almost 10 years were compared. Second, time to first event among all four ILI groups relative to DSE was evaluated.ResultsWithin DSE, CVD outcomes did not differ. ILI participants with increased WC had increased risk of primary outcomes, regardless of weight loss (hazard ratio: 1.55 [95% CI: 1.11‐2.17]) or weight gain (hazard ratio: 1.76 [95% CI: 1.07‐2.89]), and had increased risk of secondary outcomes (overall P < 0.01) relative to ILI participants who reduced both weight and WC and relative to DSE participants.ConclusionsIn this secondary analysis, increased WC during the first year of ILI, independent of weight change, was associated with higher risk for subsequent cardiovascular outcomes.
Robust quasi‐time‐dependent control for switched time‐delay systems with performance guarantee
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Jianfeng , Wu Meixi , Xu Zhe 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this paper, guaranteed cost control for a class of switched linear systems subject to time delays is investigated, where a nonweighted quadratic performance index is considered. In particular, a novel quasi‐time‐dependent Lyapunov‐Krasovskii function based on a time‐varying positive definite matrix is proposed that is decreasing during the switching intervals and at the switching instants. By exploiting this interesting property, a family of stability condition based on mode‐dependent dwell time is developed to guarantee asymptotic stability of the considered switched linear system. Moreover, design condition for the quasi‐time‐dependent state feedback controller is formulated by extending the stability conditions, guaranteeing asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system and an initial‐condition‐dependent upper bound of the performance index. A computationally traceable optimization problem is presented to minimize the proposed upper bound as well. A numerical example is considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Large variation in assessment and outcome definitions to describe the burden of long‐term morbidity in childhood cancer survivors: A systematic review
Authors: Streefkerk Nina , Fioole Lisanne C.E. , Beijer Josien G.M. , Feijen Elizabeth (Lieke) A.M. , Teepen Jop C. , Winther Jeanette F. , Ronckers Cecile M. , Loonen Jaqueline J. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Skinner Rod , Hudson Melissa M. , Tissing Wim J.E. , Korevaar Joke C. , Mulder Renée L. , Kremer Leontine C.M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe systematically reviewed outcome assessment methods, outcome classification, and severity grading of reported outcomes in studies investigating the burden of physical long‐term morbidity in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).A MEDLINE and EMBASE search identified 56 studies reporting on three or more types of health conditions in 5‐year CCS, for which information was extracted on outcome types and classification, methods of outcome ascertainment, and severity grading.There was substantial variability in classification and types of health conditions reported and in methods of outcome ascertainment. Only 59% of the included studies applied severity grading, mainly the common terminology criteria of adverse events.This large variation in assessment and definition of the burden of physical long‐term morbidity in CCS challenges interpretation, comparison, and pooling data across studies. Global collaboration is needed to standardize assessments and harmonize definitions of long‐term physical morbidity and associated outcomes in childhood cancer survivorship research.
The association of family functioning and psychological distress in the bereaved families of patients with advanced cancer: a nationwide survey of bereaved family members
Authors: Hamano Jun , Morita Tatsuya , Igarashi Naoko , Shima Yasuo , Miyashita Mitsunori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesFamily conflict and family functioning were regarded as changeable factors associated with complicated grief (CG) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in the bereaved families of patients with advanced cancer, although the evidence is limited. We explored the family functioning associated with CG and MDD developing either independently or co‐morbidly in the bereaved families of patients with advanced cancer who died in palliative care units (PCUs).MethodsThis study comprised a nationwide cross‐sectional questionnaire survey of bereaved family members of cancer patients who died in Japanese PCUs participating in evaluation of the quality of end‐of‐life care.ResultsA total of 529 questionnaires (69.2%) were returned, and we analyzed a total of 458 responses. A total of 14.2% of participants were considered as having CG, 22.5% as having moderate to severe depression, and 9.6% as having co‐morbid symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that many family members insulted or yelled at one another (odd ratio [OR]: 2.99, p = 0.046; OR:2.57, p = 0.033), and conflict regarding what is meant by a good death (OR:3.60, p = 0.026; OR:4.06, p = 0.004) was significantly positively associated with CG, MDD, and co‐morbid symptom.ConclusionsSpecific family conflicts may increase the incidence of CG, MDD, and co‐morbid symptoms in the bereaved families of patients with advanced cancer. Our results may encourage health care providers to approach discussions about end‐of‐life issue with the patient and their family in advance, especially focusing on what is considered a good death for the patient, which may prevent or resolve the family conflict.
UCSF ChimeraX: Structure visualization for researchers, educators, and developers
Authors: Pettersen Eric F. , Goddard Thomas D. , Huang Conrad C. , Meng Elaine C. , Couch Gregory S. , Croll Tristan I. , Morris John H. , Ferrin Thomas E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUCSF ChimeraX is the next‐generation interactive visualization program from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics (RBVI), following UCSF Chimera. ChimeraX brings (a) significant performance and graphics enhancements; (b) new implementations of Chimera's most highly used tools, many with further improvements; (c) several entirely new analysis features; (d) support for new areas such as virtual reality, light‐sheet microscopy, and medical imaging data; (e) major ease‐of‐use advances, including toolbars with icons to perform actions with a single click, basic “undo” capabilities, and more logical and consistent commands; and (f) an app store for researchers to contribute new tools. ChimeraX includes full user documentation and is free for noncommercial use, with downloads available for Windows, Linux, and macOS from https://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/chimerax.
Hailstorms in the Alpine region: Diurnal cycle, 4D‐characteristics, and the nowcasting potential of lightning properties
Authors: Nisi L. , Hering A. , Germann U. , Schroeer K. , Barras H. , Kunz M. , Martius O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNowcasting of hailstorms still poses a major challenge to weather services, because of the limited availability of reliable large datasets and the short spatio‐temporal scales involved. Two novel Eulerian and Lagrangian hail climatologies for the Alps are applied to address important aspects of hailstorms in the Alps: the diurnal cycle, their spatio‐temporal development and the lightning properties. The database contains more than 100,000 ordinary and 30,000 hail storms (2002–2017). Based on that large sample of storms, the diurnal cycle of storm initiation and evolution is studied in the context of orographic forcing and cold‐front occurrence statistics. Results show that, during daytime, storms mainly initiate over the foothills (Prealps) and move towards areas with higher terrain elevations. During night‐time, the storms preferably move from the foothills to the plains. Five out of 16 years of the radar‐derived convective storms show a significant yearly positive hail anomaly, from which two years show relative hail‐initiation maxima evenly distributed over the 24 hour without a characteristic diurnal cycle. Relative hail maxima during night‐time cannot always be explained with a higher occurrence of cold fronts. Time series of storm vertically integrated liquid water content are used to separate ordinary and hail storm development. Differences are found between vertically integrated liquid and its density in cold air‐mass storms. Finally, lightning data from a ground‐based network are combined with the radar‐derived hailstreaks and evaluated with respect to their prediction skill as a function of lead time (flash rate, density, peak current, lightning jumps). Results show that lightning data provide only modest skill‐scores in nowcasting hailstorms. Only the sudden increase in lightning rate (referred to as lightning jump) may be used as additional data for hailstorm nowcasting. However, their application in automatic nowcasting systems remains challenging as the lightning jumps occurs at various lead times in the series.
Massive haemoptysis caused by a long‐standing foreign body in the airway
Authors: Nagano Hiroaki , Maeda Akiko , Kato Takashi , Kitamura Ryoichi , Higashiura Wataru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe presence of foreign bodies (FB) in the airway is a potentially life‐threatening event. We encountered a rare case of long‐standing bronchial FB complicating with intermittent massive haemoptysis in a 42‐year‐old man. He denied any prior history of aspiration. The FB was buried deep in the bronchial epithelium and could not be removed using bronchoscopy. Bronchial angiography revealed marked dilation of the inferior lobe branch of the bronchial artery due to the FB. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) was performed, which was followed by left lower lobectomy (LLL). The FB was keyhole‐shaped, composed of a plastic‐like material, with an appearance akin to an ancient Japanese burial mound. This case was extremely unique, since a strange FB remained in the bronchi for a long time, which caused massive haemoptysis due to the dilation of the bronchial artery.
In Situ Carbonylative Synthesis of Aromatic Esters and Formation of Quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones by Chemical Fixation of CO2 in Assistance of Polymer‐Supported Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Dey Tusar Kanto , Basu Priyanka , Riyajuddin Sk. , Biswas Surajit , Khan Aslam , Ghosh Kaushik , Islam Sk. Manirul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, a functionalized chloromethylated polystyrene supported polymer complex of palladium was designed and synthesized in the three‐step process. The synthesized heterogeneous Pd(DAP‐DEAS‐MERF) catalyst was characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays, Elemental mapping, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, N2‐BET adsorption‐desorption isotherm, High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis‐Differential thermal analysis, Powder X‐Ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The calculated surface area of the synthesized Pd(DAP‐DEAS‐MERF) catalyst is 4.018 m2/g and palladium content is found to be 5.16 % from AAS analysis. After this, the synthesized catalyst was successfully applied for the synthesis of aromatic esters and quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones in high efficiency. Aromatic esters were synthesized by the in‐situ carbonylative coupling reaction of iodobenzenes and phenols using chlorofirmand KOH as CO source.In the case of quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones synthesis, CO2 fixation reaction was performed with 2‐iodoaniline derivatives and tert‐butyl isocyanide/cyclohexyl isocyanide under atmospheric CO2 pressure. The synthesized products were identified by 1HNMR spectroscopy after purifying by coloum chromatography technique. In this report, Pd(DAP‐DEAS‐MERF) catalyst proved its efficiency by providing a comparatively better reaction condition than the other reported homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. Additionally, the catalyst isrecyclable up to six times and thermally stable up to 319 °C.