bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of adjacent teeth restored with metal posts in the detection of simulated internal root resorption using CBCT
Authors: Gaêta‐Araujo H. , Nascimento E. H. L. , Oliveira‐Santos N. , Pinheiro M. C. R. , Coelho‐Silva F. , Oliveira‐Santos C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the influence of artefacts generated by metal posts on the detection of simulated internal root resorption (IRR) in adjacent teeth using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to verify the impact of metal artefact reduction (MAR) on these cases.MethodologyCBCT images of 14 premolar teeth were acquired before and after IRR simulation using chemical and mechanical procedures, in an OP300 Maxio unit, with and without MAR. Each tooth was placed in the socket of a human mandible and scanned under three different conditions: (i) without adjacent teeth – control group; (ii) distal adjacent tooth restored with metal post; and (iii) with both adjacent teeth restored with metal post. Five oral radiologists scored the IRR detection using a 5‐point scale. Diagnostic values were obtained for the tested groups and compared using two‐way analysis of variance (α = 0.05).ResultsThe presence of a single adjacent tooth restored with metal post did not significantly influence the diagnostic values for IRR detection (P > 0.05). The presence of both adjacent teeth with metal posts, without MAR application, was associated with a significantly lower area under the ROC curve (Az) compared to the control (P = 0.0182). In this case, the application of MAR increased Az, leading to nonsignificant differences from the control group and the group with one adjacent restored tooth (P > 0.05). Sensitivity decreased significantly when two adjacent restored teeth were present, regardless of MAR application (P = 0.0379). Specificity was not affected by the conditions tested (P > 0.05).ConclusionCBCT detection of IRR was impaired by artefacts only when both adjacent teeth restored with metal posts were present. In such cases, activation of MAR improved the performance on this diagnostic task.
High TUBB2A expression in childhood T‐ALL is correlated with the clinical outcome
Authors: Khodzhaev Khusan , Ng Ozden Hatirnaz , Tugcu Deniz , Erbilgin Yucel , Ng Yuk Yin , Celkan Tiraje , Timur Cetin , Karakas Zeynep , Ozdemir Gul Nihal , Yıldırmak Yıldız , Sayitoglu Muge 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionMicrotubules are polymers that perform functions such as mitosis, intracellular transport, cell morphology, and ciliary and flagellar motility. Since microtubules are taking active part in cell division, they are among direct targets of several antimitotic drugs.MethodsExpression levels of tubulin isotypes were analyzed in microarray data of childhood diagnostic T‐ALL samples (n = 31) and healthy thymocytes (n = 7). Findings were validated with qPCR in separate T‐ALL cohort (n = 48), and clinical correlation analyses were performed. TUBB2A's effects were tested with siRNA‐mediated knockdown in MOLT4 cell line, and apoptosis assay was carried out at 24, 48, and 72 hours time points.ResultsIn microarray data, TUBB2A was found to be the only differentially expressed tubulin isotype (adj. P value = .01), which was validated by qPCR (P = .02). Samples representing differentiation stages of T cell showed an increasing trend of TUBB2A toward mature T‐cell stage. TUBB2A expression was significantly higher in high‐risk group patients (P = .026) and in a group with WBC counts >100 (×109cells/L) (P = .029). High TUBB2A was also found to be a predictor of shorter OS (P = .029) and RFS (P = .042).ConclusionAberrant expression of TUBB isotypes can affect the balance of microtubules or microtubule‐associated proteins, which might lead to drug resistance/relapse. Contribution of cytoskeleton proteins to drug resistance needs further investigation, and understanding aberrant expression and mode of action of microtubules will improve therapy strategies.
A comparative evaluation of the CN‐6000 haemostasis analyser using coagulation, amidolytic, immuno‐turbidometric and light transmission aggregometry assays
Authors: Gardiner Chris , Lane Philip , Langley Katy , Tailor Hitesh , Machin Samuel J. , Mackie Ian J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe CN‐6000 (Sysmex Corp.) is a new haemostasis analyser with blood coagulation, amidolytic, immuno‐turbidometric and light transmission aggregometry (LTA) capabilities. Transmitted light is monitored at multiple wavelengths (340, 405, 575, 660, 800 nm), from an LED light source.AimsTo evaluate the performance of the CN‐6000 against a predicate device.MethodsThe CN‐6000 was evaluated against the CS‐5100 (Sysmex) for 14 different tests, using 880 samples from normal subjects, anticoagulated patients, critically ill patients, plasmas with high or low fibrinogen content or abnormal levels of interfering substances. Between‐day assay imprecision was assessed using commercial QC materials (n = 10 replicates on each of 5 days).ResultsAcceptable levels of imprecision were obtained for all assays. Agreement between the two analysers was excellent for all assays. Throughput was 35% higher using the CN‐6000 (337 vs 250 tests per hour for PT, aPTT and fibrinogen). The CN‐6000 also demonstrated improved clot detection in plasmas with high levels of interfering substances as demonstrated by a 29% reduction in “vote‐outs” due to low light transmission (24 vs 34).ConclusionsThe CN‐6000 demonstrated excellent comparability with the predicate instrument and acceptable levels of imprecision in all assays. Improvements in throughput and clot detection in the presence of interfering substances were also shown.
Frontex: A Literature Review
Authors: Kalkman Jori Pascal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrontex is the EU agency in charge of managing the external borders of the European Union. Its budget and tasks have expanded dramatically since it was founded in 2004. Academic attention for Frontex has likewise increased. This article provides an overview of the existing literature on Frontex. In total, 72 articles were selected and analysed. Five dominant themes of research emerged from this review: Frontex’ activities, the agency’s characteristics, its operational effects, the issue of human rights and its position in the EU bureaucracy. Recurring debates and relevant findings in these research strands are reported. In the final section, a research agenda with recommendations for future studies is formulated.
Molecular classification and immunologic characteristics of immunoreactive high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Zheran , Wu Haifang , Deng Jiachen , Wang Haoqing , Wang Zixuan , Yang Ailin , Liang Bowen , Luo Ji , Li Jianyong , Xu Yanmei , Tang Xiaoli , Fu Fen , Deng Libin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS‐OvCa) is one of the most lethal gynaecological malignancies. Molecular classification identified an immunoreactive subtype of HGS‐OvCa; however, the immunologic characteristics of immunoreactive HGS‐OvcA remain unclear. In this study, 121 immunoreactive HGS‐OvCa samples were identified from a meta‐analysis of 5 large transcriptome profiling data sets using a cross‐platform immunoreactive HGS‐OvCa subgroup‐specific classifier. By comparing the gene expression profiles of immunoreactive HGS‐OvCa samples and normal tissues, 653 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathways were significantly enriched in the immunoreactive HGS‐OvCa. Protein‐protein interaction analysis identified a module that showed strong involvement of the immune‐related chemokine signalling pathway. Moreover, the GSEA enrichment analysis showed a T‐cell subgroup and M1 macrophages were significantly enriched in immunoreactive OvCa compared with normal samples. Macrophage infiltration levels were significantly elevated in immunoreactive HGS‐OvCa compared with other OvCa subtypes. In addition, expression of immune checkpoint molecules VTCN1 and IDO1 was significantly increased in immunoreactive HGS‐OvCa. In summary, our results suggest that the immunoreactive HGS‐OvCa has unique molecular characteristics and a tumour‐associated immune microenvironment featured by increased infiltration of macrophages, rather than lymphocytes. VTCN1 could be potential targets for the treatment of immunoreactive HGS‐OvCa.
Radiation‐induced myocardial fibrosis: Mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Huanhuan , Zhang Mengmeng , Ji Rui , Wei Jinlong , Xin Ying , Jiang Xin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRadiation‐induced myocardial fibrosis (RIMF) is a potentially lethal clinical complication of chest radiotherapy (RT) and a final stage of radiation‐induced heart disease (RIHD). RIMF is characterized by decreased ventricular elasticity and distensibility, which can result in decreased ejection fraction, heart failure and even sudden cardiac death. Together, these conditions impair the long‐term health of post‐RT survivors and limit the dose and intensity of RT required to effectively kill tumour cells. Although the exact mechanisms involving in RIMF are unclear, increasing evidence indicates that the occurrence of RIMF is related to various cells, regulatory molecules and cytokines. However, accurately diagnosing and identifying patients who may progress to RIMF has been challenging. Despite the urgent need for an effective treatment, there is currently no medical therapy for RIMF approved for routine clinical application. In this review, we investigated the underlying pathophysiology involved in the initiation and progression of RIMF before outlining potential preventative and therapeutic strategies to counter this toxicity.
LncRNA WDFY3‐AS2 suppresses proliferation and invasion in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR‐2355‐5p/SOCS2 axis
Authors: Zhang Qing , Guan Fangxia , Fan Tianli , Li Shenglei , Ma Shanshan , Zhang Yanting , Guo Wenna , Liu Hongtao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) widely participate in ESCC development and progression; however, the prognostic factors and therapeutic strategies implicated in ESCC development and progression remain to be under investigation. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether WDFY3‐AS2 may be a potential prognostic factor and investigate its biological functions in ESCC. Here, WDFY3‐AS2 was frequently down‐regulated in ESCC tissues and cells, and its expression was correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ESCC patients. Moreover, WDFY3‐AS2 down‐regulation significantly promoted cell proliferation and invasion, whereas WDFY3‐AS2 up‐regulation markedly suppressed cell proliferation and invasion in ESCC EC9706 and TE1 cells, coupled with EMT phenotype alterations. WDFY3‐AS2 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for sponging miR‐2355‐5p, further resulted in the up‐regulation of its target gene SOCS2, followed by suppression of JAK2/Stat5 signalling pathway, to suppress ESCC cell proliferation and invasion in EC9706 and TE1 cells. These findings suggest that WDFY3‐AS2 may participate in ESCC development and progression, and may be a novel prognostic factor for ESCC patients, and thus targeting WDFY3‐AS2/miR‐2355‐5p/SOCS2 signalling axis may be a novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC patients.
Pseudo‐hyperglucagonemia was observed in pancreatectomized patients when measured by glucagon sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki , Waki Hironori , Nakayama Hitomi , Miyachi Atsushi , Mieno Eri , Hamajima Hitoshi , Goto Moritaka , Yamada Kentaro , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi , Kitamura Tadahiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlucagon is detected in plasma even after total pancreatectomy, and it is debated whether this glucagon is derived from the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we applied sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry to measure plasma glucagon levels in one patient after partial pancreatectomy (one‐seventh of the pancreas remaining) and three patients after total pancreatectomy. Sandwich ELISA detected higher glucagon levels in pancreatectomy patients than in healthy individuals. In contrast, liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry showed that plasma glucagon levels in pancreatectomy patients were below the lower limit of quantification. Plasma glucagon measured by sandwich ELISA showed a striking correlation with plasma glicentin, suggesting cross‐reaction with this gastrointestinal glucagon‐related peptide. These results indicated that pancreatectomized patients falsely showed pseudo‐hyperglucagonemia when measured by glucagon sandwich ELISA.
Trophic morphology features allow Astyanax endemic species coexistence in a Neotropical river system
Authors: do Nascimento Carolina P. , dos Santos Natália C. L. , Dal Vesco Bianca M. , Gomes Luiz C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResource partitioning has an essential role in interspecific relations, especially in congener species, which share many morphological traits. In some places, small characids coexist through resource partitioning, which may reduce their interspecific competition. Astyanax species (e.g., Astyanax minor, Astyanax gymnodontus and Astyanax bifasciatus), for example, coexist in different water bodies from the Iguaçu River basin. These species have high phenotypic plasticity and many morphologic specializations that allow them to live in different habitats. Based on evidences that these species modified their feeding habits because of changes in resource availability in Iguaçu River, this study tested two hypotheses: (a) there are differences in head morphology, number of teeth and number of gill rakers among the species of Astyanax; and (b) there are differences in gill arch and gill raker morphology among the species of Astyanax, which may favour their trophic resource partitioning in Iguaçu River. The head morphological traits and quantitative morphological characters were summarized in a principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), and the analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed significant differences among species. Gill morphological measurements were analysed through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and it also showed significant differences in gill arch and gill raker morphology among species. Therefore, the analysis of ecomorphological traits related to trophic habits revealed some differences that may suggest a tendency of reducing competition for trophic resources in the Iguaçu River basin.
Natural sex change in mature protogynous orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides): gonadal restructuring, sex hormone shifts and gene profiles
Authors: Peng Cheng , Wang Qing , Shi Herong , Chen Jiaxing , Li Shuisheng , Zhao Huihong , Lin Haoran , Yang Jianchun , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSexual patterns of teleosts are extremely diverse and include both gonochorism and hermaphroditism. As a protogynous hermaphroditic fish, all orange‐spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) develop directly into females, and some individuals change sex to become functional males later in life. This study investigated gonadal restructuring, shifts in sex hormone levels and gene profiles of cultured mature female groupers during the first (main) breeding season of 2019 in Huizhou, China (22° 42′ 02.6″ N, 114° 32′ 10.1″ E). Analysis of gonadal restructuring revealed that females with pre‐vitellogenic ovaries underwent vitellogenesis, spawning and regression and then returned to the pre‐vitellogenic stage in the late breeding season, at which point some changed sex to become males via the intersex gonad stage. A significant decrease in the level of serum 17β‐estradiol (E2) was observed during ovary regression but not during sex change, whereas serum 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT) concentrations increased significantly during sex change with the highest concentration in newly developed males. Consistent with serum hormone changes, a significant decrease in cyp19a1a expression was observed during ovary regression but not during sex change, whereas the expression of cyp11c1 and hsd11b2 increased significantly during sex change. Interestingly, hsd11b2 but not cyp11c1 was significantly upregulated from the pre‐vitellogenic ovary stage to the early intersex gonad stage. These results suggest that a decrease in serum E2 concentration and downregulation of cyp19a1a expression are not necessary to trigger the female‐to‐male transformation, whereas increased 11‐KT concentration and upregulation of hsd11b2 expression may be key events for the initiation of sex change in the orange‐spotted grouper.
Metabolic signalling to somatotrophs: Transcriptional and post‐transcriptional mediators
Authors: Allensworth‐James Melody L. , Odle Angela K. , Lim Juchan , LaGasse Alex N. , Miles Tiffany K. , Hardy Linda L. , Haney Anessa C. , MacNicol Melanie C. , MacNicol Angus M. , Childs Gwen V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn normal individuals, pituitary somatotrophs optimise body composition by responding to metabolic signals from leptin. To identify mechanisms behind the regulation of somatotrophs by leptin, we used Cre‐LoxP technology to delete leptin receptors (LEPR) selectively in somatotrophs and developed populations purified by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) that contained 99% somatotrophs. FACS‐purified, Lepr‐null somatotrophs showed reduced levels of growth hormone (GH), growth hormone‐releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR), and Pou1f1 proteins and Gh (females) and Ghrhr (both sexes) mRNAs. Pure somatotrophs also expressed thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL), both of which were reduced in pure somatotrophs lacking LEPR. This introduced five gene products that were targets of leptin. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that leptin is both a transcriptional and a post‐transcriptional regulator of these gene products. Our tests showed that Pou1f1 and/or the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 transcriptional regulatory pathways are implicated in the leptin regulation of Gh or Ghrhr mRNAs. We then focused on potential actions by candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) with consensus binding sites on the 3' UTR of Gh or Ghrhr mRNAs. Somatotroph Lepr‐null deletion mutants expressed elevated levels of miRNAs including miR1197‐3p (in females), miR103‐3p and miR590‐3p (both sexes), which bind Gh mRNA, or miRNA‐325‐3p (elevated in both sexes), which binds Ghrhr mRNA. This elevation indicates repression of translation in the absence of LEPR. In addition, after detecting binding sites for Musashi on Tshb and Prl 3' UTR, we determined that Musashi1 repressed translation of both mRNAs in in vitro fluc assays and that Prl mRNA was enriched in Musashi immunoprecipitation assays. Finally, we tested ghrelin actions to determine whether its nitric oxide‐mediated signalling pathways would restore somatotroph functions in deletion mutants. Ghrelin did not restore either GHRH binding or GH secretion in vitro. These studies show an unexpectedly broad role for leptin with respect to maintaining somatotroph functions, including the regulation of PRL and TSH in subsets of somatotrophs that may be progenitor cells.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Mindfulness Meditation on Neuropathic Pain, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Izgu Nur , Gok Metin Zehra , Karadas Canan , Ozdemir Leyla , Metinarikan Nuran , Corapcıoglu Demet 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine the effects of progressive muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation on the severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP), fatigue, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.DesignAn assessor‐blinded prospective randomized controlled trial.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to the relaxation group (RG; n = 28), meditation group (MG; n = 25), or control group (CG; n = 24). The mean age of participants was 64.2 ± 8.1 years in the RG, 61.6 ± 8.0 years in the MG, and 64.1± 6.6 years in the CG. Patients in the intervention groups performed progressive muscle relaxation or mindfulness meditation at their home for 12 weeks, 20 min daily. The CG received only an attention‐matched controlled education on pancreas anatomy and diabetes. Data collection was performed at baseline and at weeks 12 and 14 using the VAS, FACIT Fatigue Scale (FACIT‐F), and Neuropathic Pain Impact on Quality of Life Questionnaire (NePIQoL).FindingsVAS scores were significantly lower in the RG and MG at week 12 (p < .05) and were statistically significant in the RG at week 14. Additionally, fatigue severity decreased significantly in the RG at weeks 12 and 14, compared to that in the CG (p < .05). While no significant difference was found in the quality of life scores between the study groups at weeks 12 and 14 (p > .05), a significant improvement in quality of life scores in the RG were provided at week 12 compared to those at baseline and week 14 (p < .05).ConclusionsBoth progressive muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation had a positive impact on providing pain relief in patients with DPNP. Moreover, progressive muscle relaxation also appeared to have a beneficial effect on fatigue.Clinical RelevanceBased on the results, progressive muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation can be recommended as supportive therapies for the management of DPNP.
Reduction of enlarged facial pore using ion‐paired amino acid through enhancement in skin permeation and exfoliation: A placebo‐controlled in vivo study
Authors: Kwon Koo Chul , Lee Sung Woo , Kim Hongmin , Jeon Hyungjoon , Park Sang‐Wook 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSerine is a hypoallergenic but inefficient chemical exfoliant. Serine paired with arginine (ion‐paired amino acid, IPA) shows enhanced lipophilicity, skin permeation, and exfoliation efficacy.AimThis study was conducted to determine whether exfoliation using an emulsion containing IPA could reduce enlarged facial pores and improve the dermis density.MethodsIPA formation was validated by spectroscopic analysis. Enhanced permeability and exfoliation efficacy were evaluated ex vivo using porcine skin. In a clinical trial, healthy Korean women aged 20‐49 years (mean age ± SD: 35.6 ± 8.6, n = 64) were evaluated, and the right and left sides of the cheeks were randomly chosen. An emulsion containing 4.0% IPA and placebo emulsion were applied to each side for 6 weeks. To evaluate pore sizes following treatment, the number of enlarged facial pores, inner skin structures from the stratum corneum to epidermal‐dermal interface, and dermal density on each cheek of the participants were assessed.ResultsIPA showed a significantly increased partition coefficient in n‐octanol‐water. In porcine skin, permeation of serine after 12 hour was 70% higher for the IPA than for serine alone at the same percent weight concentrations. In the clinical trial, after 6 weeks, the number of enlarged facial pores was changed by −19.317% in the IPA emulsion group (P < .001) and −2.930% in placebo emulsion group (P = .254).ConclusionExfoliation with an IPA‐containing emulsion reduced enlarged facial pores and increased the dermis density. IPA, effective mild exfoliator, can be used as a major ingredient for the cosmeceutical skincare products in the future.