bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma‐Driven in Situ Production of Hydrogen Peroxide for Biocatalysis
Authors: Yayci Abdulkadir , Baraibar Álvaro Gómez , Krewing Marco , Fueyo Elena Fernandez , Hollmann Frank , Alcalde Miguel , Kourist Robert , Bandow Julia E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPeroxidases and peroxygenases are promising classes of enzymes for biocatalysis because of their ability to carry out one‐electron oxidation reactions and stereoselective oxyfunctionalizations. However, industrial application is limited, as the major drawback is the sensitivity toward the required peroxide substrates. Herein, we report a novel biocatalysis approach to circumvent this shortcoming: in situ production of H2O2 by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The discharge plasma can be controlled to produce hydrogen peroxide at desired rates, yielding desired concentrations. Using horseradish peroxidase, it is demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide produced by plasma treatment can drive the enzymatic oxidation of model substrates. Fungal peroxygenase is then employed to convert ethylbenzene to (R)‐1‐phenylethanol with an ee of >96 % using plasma‐generated hydrogen peroxide. As direct treatment of the reaction solution with plasma results in reduced enzyme activity, the use of plasma‐treated liquid and protection strategies are investigated to increase total turnover. Technical plasmas present a noninvasive means to drive peroxide‐based biotransformations.
Process‐induced variability modeling of subthreshold leakage power considering device stacking
Authors: Reddy Anala M. , Harish B.P. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe dominance of leakage currents in circuit design has been impelled by steady downscaling of MOSFET into nanometer regime, and has become a significant component of total IC power dissipation. The issue is further aggravated with the inability to gauge the tolerance of process parameters around their nominal value. Consequently, the drive to improve the static power prediction has enticed accurate and reliable modeling of leakage current, specifically for ultralow power applications. In contrast to gate‐ and band‐to‐band‐tunneling leakages, subthreshold leakage exhibits high susceptibility to process variations and hence has been considered for variability modeling. Fluctuations in the device electrical and geometry parameters result in a wider distribution of subthreshold leakage current. Hence, taking into account stacking effect, an analytical variability model to estimate subthreshold leakage power in subthreshold circuits, in the presence of threshold voltage variations is proposed. Further, the impact of threshold voltage variability on subthreshold leakage power is modeled in conjunction with simultaneous variations in gate length and width. The leakage power variability is characterized by model‐generated distributions obtained using Monte Carlo analysis and validated against SPICE simulations. The proposed model is about 700computationally faster than SPICE simulations with mean error being less than 0.19%.
Progress with the 5D full‐F continuum gyrokinetic code COGENT
Authors: Dorf Mikhail , Dorr Milo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCOGENT is an Eulerian gyrokinetic code being developed for edge plasma modelling. The code is distinguished by the use of a high‐order finite‐volume (conservative) discretization combined with mapped multi‐block grid technology. Our recent work is focused on the development of a 5D full‐F COGENT version. A numerical algorithm utilizing locally a field‐aligned multi‐block coordinate system is implemented to facilitate simulations of highly anisotropic microturbulence in the presence of a strong magnetic shear. In this approach, the toroidal direction is divided into blocks such that, within each block, the cells are field‐aligned and a non‐matching (non‐conformal) grid interface is allowed at the block boundaries. Here we report on details of the numerical implementation and present preliminary results of verification studies performed for the case of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability in a sheared toroidal annulus geometry.
Hair cortisol in pregnancy interacts with maternal depressive symptoms to predict maternal disrupted interaction with her infant at 4 months
Authors: Khoury Jennifer E. , Bosquet Enlow Michelle , Patwa Mariya C. , Lyons‐Ruth Karlen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDisrupted maternal interaction in early infancy is associated with maladaptive child outcomes. Thus, identifying early risk factors for disrupted interaction is an important challenge. Research suggests that maternal depressive symptoms and maternal cortisol dysregulation are associated with disrupted maternal interaction, but both factors have rarely been considered together as independent or interactive predictors of disrupted interaction. In a sample of 51 women, hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and depressive symptoms were assessed during pregnancy, and depressive symptoms were assessed again at 4‐month postpartum. Maternal disrupted interaction was assessed during the Still‐Face Paradigm at 4 months. Results indicated that HCC and depressive symptoms interacted to predict both maternal withdrawing and inappropriate/intrusive interaction. Withdrawing interaction was associated with high levels of HCC in pregnancy in the context of high depressive symptoms at 4 months; inappropriate/intrusive interaction was associated with high levels of HCC in the context of low depressive symptoms. Thus, high HCC potentiated both forms of disrupted interaction. Results raised questions about the meaning of very low reported depressive symptoms, and underscored the importance of chronic stress physiology and maternal depressed mood as risk factors for distinct forms of maternal disrupted interaction, both of which are deleterious for infant development.
Novel approach towards musculoskeletal phenotypes
Authors: Meisingset Ingebrigt , Vasseljen Ottar , Vøllestad Nina K. , Robinson Hilde S. , Woodhouse Astrid , Engebretsen Kaia B. , Glette Mari , Øverås Cecilie K. , Nordstoga Anne L. , Evensen Kari A. I. , Skarpsno Eivind S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe multidimensional array of clinical features and prognostic factors makes it difficult to optimize management within the heterogeneity of patients with common musculoskeletal pain. This study aimed to identify phenotypes across prognostic factors and musculoskeletal complaints. Concurrent and external validity were assessed against an established instrument and a new sample, respectively, and treatment outcome was described.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal observational study of 435 patients (aged 18–67 years) seeking treatment for nonspecific complaints in the neck, shoulder, low back or multisite/complex pain in primary health care physiotherapy in Norway. Latent class analysis was used to identify phenotypes based on 11 common prognostic factors within four biopsychosocial domains; pain, beliefs and thoughts, psychological and activity and lifestyle.ResultsFive distinct phenotypes were identified. Phenotype 1 (n = 77, 17.7%) and 2 (n = 142, 32.6%) were characterized by the lowest scores across all biopsychosocial domains. Phenotype 2 showed somewhat higher levels of symptoms across the biopsychosocial domains. Phenotype 3 (n = 89, 20.5%) and 4 (n = 78, 17.9%) were more affected across all domains, but phenotype 3 and 4 had opposite patterns in the psychological and pain domains. Phenotype 5 (n = 49, 11.3%) were characterized by worse symptoms across all domains, indicating a complex phenotype. The identified phenotypes had good external and concurrent validity, also differentiating for the phenotypes in function and health‐related quality of life outcome at 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe phenotypes may inform the development of targeted interventions aimed at improving the treatment efficiency in patients with common musculoskeletal disorders.SignificanceThis observational prospective study identified five distinct and clinically meaningful phenotypes based on biopsychosocial prognostic factors across common musculoskeletal pain. These phenotypes were independent of primary pain location, showed good external validity, and clear variation in treatment outcome. The findings are particularly valuable as they describe the heterogeneity of patients with musculoskeletal pain and points to a need for more targeted interventions in common musculoskeletal disorders to improve treatment outcome.
pH Switchable Electrochemical and Optical Properties of Polyoctylthiophene – Pyrene Composites
Authors: Stelmach Emilia , Kałuza Dawid , Konefał Anna , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolyoctylthiophene electrochemical and optical properties are dependent on the polymer oxidation state, generally requiring presence of doping ions. In this work polyoctylthiophene composites with pyrene or aminopyrene have been prepared and studied using optical and electrochemical methods. It is shown that in the composite formed pyrene molecules act as molecular dopant for the conducting polymer, resulting in a system of partially oxidized polythiophene backbone, yet of high lipophilicity. On the other hand, composite of aminopyrene with polyoctylthiophene is characterized with pH dependent electrochemical and optical properties. The difference arises mostly from the protonation/ deprotonation reaction occurring for aminopyrene embedded in polyoctylothiophene. Nanoparticles of polythiophene‐aminopyrene show turn‐on emission dependence on increase of hydrogen ions concentration in solution in a wide pH range from 12 to 5. For low pH high emission activity is observed for nanoparticles, whereas for films high lipophilicity and low electrochemical activity pointing to presence of semiconducting polymer in the system for protonated aminopyrene. For high pH, when deprotonation of aminopyrene is observed, the system is characterized with low optical, yet high electrochemical activity and low lipophilicity. The electrochemical activity of polyoctylthiophene‐aminopyrene composite can be reversibly switched simply by solution pH change.
Finding the Optimal Surface Density of Aptamer Monolayers by SPR Imaging Detection‐based Aptamer Microarrays
Authors: Simon László , Bognár Zsófia , Gyurcsányi Róbert E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) by enabling label‐free, real time assessment of biomolecular interactions in multiplexed manner is one of the methods of choice for high throughput characterization of large pools of DNA aptamer candidates following in vitro selection. Moreover, with major advances in in situ amplification methods SPRi became also a viable detection platform for aptamer microarrays. In case of aptamer microarrays, commonly prepared by microspotting, the direct assessment of the surface density of aptamer probes, which is essential for both kinetic and sensing measurements is not possible. Therefore, here we introduce a methodology for simple, one‐step determination of surface densities of thiol labelled aptamer monolayers microspotted on gold SPRi chips. Based on this methodology we investigated in detail the effect of the surface density of aptamers on target binding through two aptamer‐target systems, i. e. human immunoglobulin E (hIgE) and six histidine tag 6xHis‐tag. We found that the surface density of the aptamers is indeed critical and shows a sharp maximum in terms of target binding efficiency, which is largely determined by the size of the target. The optimal aptamer surface densities determined, the immobilization chemistry (shared by many detection platforms, e. g., electrochemical, surface acoustic) and the trends identified may be used for rapid rational optimization of aptamer‐target assays.
Designing a bioinspired synthetic tree by unidirectional freezing for simultaneous solar steam generation and salt collection
Authors: Shao Yang , Tang Jiebin , Li Ningbo , Sun Tianyu , Yang Liping , Chen Duo , Zhi Hui , Wang Dejuan , Liu Hong , Xue Guobin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolar steam generation with thermal localization was recently proposed for highly efficient solar‐thermal desalination. However, to achieve high steam productivity with long term stability remains a critical challenge due to salt accumulation at the evaporation surface. Here, we designed a T‐shaped synthetic tree that could simultaneously achieve high steam productivity and salt collection with the structure characteristics of interfacial thermal evaporation, ambient energy harvesting and edge‐preferential crystallizing. Under 1 sun, the synthetic tree exhibited a steady water evaporation rate of 2.03 kg m−2 hours−1 over 60 hours, achieving solar thermal efficiency of 75%. Salt was continuously rejected at the edge of the evaporator with a steady collection rate of 59.879 g m−2 hours−1, which did not affect water evaporation. This new design principle to simultaneously harvest water and salt provides a new avenue for solar energy utilization.image
Structural optimality and neurogenetic expression mediate functional dynamics in the human brain
Authors: Pappas Ioannis , Craig Michael M. , Menon David K. , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe human brain exhibits a rich functional repertoire in terms of complex functional connectivity patterns during rest and tasks. However, how this is developed upon a fixed structural anatomy remains poorly understood. Here we investigated the hypothesis that resting state functional connectivity and the manner in which it changes during tasks related to a set of underlying structural connections that promote optimal communication in the brain. We used a game‐theoretic model to identify such optimal connections in the structural connectome of 50 healthy individuals and subsequently used the optimal structural connections to predict resting‐state functional connectivity with high accuracy. In contrast, we found that nonoptimal connections accurately predicted functional connectivity during a working memory task. We further found that this balance between optimal and nonoptimal connections between brain regions was associated with a specific gene expression linked to neurotransmission. This multimodal evidence shows for the first time that structure–function relationships in the human brain are related to how brain networks navigate information along different white matter connections as well as the brain's underlying genetic profile.
Intraoperative nerve monitoring is used routinely by a significant majority of head and neck surgeons in thyroid surgery and impacts on extent of surgery—Survey of the American Head and Neck Society
Authors: Ritter Amit , Ganly Ian , Wong Richard J. , Randolph Gregory W. , Shpitzer Thomas , Bachar Gideon , Mizrachi Aviram 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe data on the advantages of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) during thyroid surgeries is inconsistent. Our objective was to study the patterns of use of IONM in thyroid surgery among American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) members.MethodA web‐based survey was e‐mailed to all members of the AHNS.ResultsA total of 275 surgeons completed the survey. Seventy‐two percent reported using IONM routinely. Routine use of IONM was associated with longer period in practice. Twenty‐one percent only used IONM selectively in high‐risk cases. Most surgeons would consider aborting the procedure in cases of loss of signal without continuing to the contralateral side. Finally, only 19% of surgeons attempt to identify the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN).ConclusionsThe majority of AHNS surgeons routinely use IONM during thyroid surgery as a real‐time decision‐making tool. However, IONM for preservation of the EBSLN is underutilized.
Photonic devices fabricated from (111)‐oriented single crystal diamond
Authors: Regan Blake , Kim Sejeong , Ly Anh T. H. , Trycz Aleksandra , Bray Kerem , Ganesan Kumaravelu , Toth Milos , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiamond is a material of choice in the pursuit of integrated quantum photonic technologies. So far, the majority of photonic devices fabricated from diamond are made from (100)‐oriented crystals. In this work, we demonstrate a methodology for the fabrication of optically active membranes from (111)‐oriented diamond. We use a liftoff technique to generate membranes, followed by chemical vapor deposition of diamond in the presence of silicon to generate homogenous silicon vacancy color centers with emission properties that are superior to those in (100)‐oriented diamond. We further use the diamond membranes to fabricate microring resonators with quality factors exceeding ~ 3000. Supported by finite‐difference time‐domain calculations, we discuss the advantages of (111)‐oriented structures as building blocks for quantum nanophotonic devices.image
Restoration of microRNA‐197 expression suppresses oncogenicity in fibrosarcoma through negative regulation of RAN
Authors: Jain Neha , Das Basudeb , Mallick Bibekanand 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as crucial regulators of biological pathways/processes by reinforcing transcriptional programs and moderating transcripts. Emerging evidences have shown the involvement of dysregulated miRNAs in pathophysiology of human diseases including several cancer types. Recently, miR‐197‐3p has been reported to play different roles in different cancers; however, its role in fibrosarcoma, a highly aggressive and malignant soft tissue sarcoma originated from the mesenchymal tissues, has not yet been studied. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the possible regulatory roles of miR‐197‐3p in the oncogenicity of fibrosarcoma. For this, we initially performed qRT‐PCR of miR‐197‐3p, which we found to be downregulated in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells compared with IMR90‐tert normal fibroblast cells. Subsequently, we performed gain‐of‐function study by employing several methods such as MTT assay, clonogenic assay, wound healing, flow cytometry cell cycle analysis, and acridine orange staining after transfecting HT1080 cells with miR‐197‐3p mimic. From these assays, we observed that miR‐197‐3p significantly inhibits viability, colony forming, and migration ability as well as triggers G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and autophagy in fibrosarcoma cells. To understand the mechanism through which miRNA performs these functions, we predicted its targets using TargetScan and performed pathway enrichment analysis after screening them by their expression in fibrosarcoma. Among the enriched targets, we found RAN (ras‐related nuclear protein) to be a crucial target through which miR‐197‐3p represses tumorigenesis by binding to its 3´ UTR, validated by luciferase reporter assay. The tumor suppressive role of the miRNA was further confirmed by transfecting its mimic in RAN‐overexpressed cells which showed significant attenuation in tumorigenic effect of RAN in fibrosarcoma as seen in different assays. Taken together, our study unveiled that miR‐197‐3p acts as an oncosuppressor in fibrosarcoma through G2/M phase arrest and induction of autophagy, and raises the possibility to act as a novel therapeutic intervention for the malignancy.
Stiffness and topography of biomaterials dictate cell‐matrix interaction in musculoskeletal cells at the bio‐interface: A concise progress review
Authors: Bai Mingru , Cai Linyi , Li Xin , Ye Ling , Xie Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMutually interacted musculoskeletal tissues work together within the physiological environment full of varieties of external stimulus. Consistent with the locomotive function of the tissues, musculoskeletal cells are remarkably mechanosensitive to the physical cues. Signals like extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, topography, and geometry can be sensed and transduced into intracellular signaling cascades to trigger a series of cell responses, including cell adhesion, cell phenotype maintenance, cytoskeletal reconstruction, and stem cell differentiation (Du et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014; Lv et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2017). With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the potent effects of ECM physical properties on cell behaviors at the cell‐matrix interface are drawing much attention. To mimic the interaction between cell and its ECM physical properties, developing advanced biomaterials with desired characteristics which could achieve the biointerface between cells and the surrounded matrix close to the physiological conditions becomes a great hotspot. In this review, based on the current publications in the field of biointerfaces, we systematically summarized the significant roles of stiffness and topography on musculoskeletal cell behaviors. We hope to shed light on the importance of physical cues in musculoskeletal tissue engineering and provide up to date strategies towards the natural or artificial replication of physiological microenvironment.
Ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of 3‐(1‐(2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethyl)‐2‐aryl‐6,6‐dimethyl‐4‐oxo‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)indolin‐2‐ones by novel core‐shell bio‐based nanocatalyst anchoring sulfonated L‐histidine on magnetized silica (SO3H‐L‐His@SiO2‐nano Fe3O4)
Authors: Nikoofar Kobra , Peyrovebaghi Seyedeh S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 3‐(1‐(2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethyl)‐2‐aryl‐6,6‐dimethyl‐4‐oxo‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)indolin‐2‐ones is reported via a one‐pot three‐component reaction of 3‐phenacylidenoxindoles, tryptamine, and dimedone under ultrasound irradiation using a newly prepared core‐shell nanostructure. The utilized nanocatalyst is obtained by anchoring sulfonated L‐histidine amino acid shell, as the bio part, on silica‐nanomagnetite core (SO3H‐L‐His@SiO2‐nano Fe3O4) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and back‐titration. The protocol contains several advantages, such as relatively short reaction times, simple work‐up procedure by separation of the catalyst with an external magnet, the use of economical and environmentally friendly ultrasonic waves, and reusability and recoverability of the core‐shell nano‐promoter for three runs without significant activity loss.
A complete solution to the infinite Oberwolfach problem
Authors: Costa Simone 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLetFbe a 2‐regular graph of orderv. The Oberwolfach problem,OP(F), asks for a 2‐factorization of the complete graph onvvertices in which each 2‐factor is isomorphic toF. In this paper, we give a complete solution to the Oberwolfach problem over infinite complete graphs, proving the existence of solutions that are regular under the action of a given involution free groupG. We will also consider the same problem in the more general context of graphsFthat are spanning subgraphs of an infinite complete graph and we provide a solution whenFis locally finite. Moreover, we characterize the infinite subgraphsLofFsuch that there exists a solution toOP(F) containing a solution toOP(L).