bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMNC technological knowledge flow patterns: an overview of the US patents granted
Authors: Zhang Feng 
Published: November 2019

PurposeWith considerable attention paid to the motives and process of idiosyncratic internationalization trajectory of multinationals from emerging economies (EMNCs), little is known on whether, and if so how, new competitive advantages of EMNCs are created and accumulated over time. MNC and EMNC literature agrees on the importance of external and internal knowledge linkages in technological competence creation. By building upon this framework, this paper aims to evaluate EMNCs’ external and internal knowledge flow patterns by benchmarking their counterparts from mature industrialized countries (MMNCs).Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes US patents granted between 2000 and 2014 to leading innovation-oriented EMNCs from China and India, and their matched MMNCs. Being the first to use the US patent and citation data in studying leading innovation-oriented EMNCs, the authors use a descriptive statistical method.FindingsThe findings offer empirical insights of the scale, scope and quality of EMNC technological competence creation. Moreover, in contrast to existing EMNC literature, it is found that EMNC parents have been the most important center of EMNC technological knowledge generation. The matched group comparisons of external and internal knowledge flows further reveal detailed similarities and differences of competence creation between EMNCs and MMNCs, and among EMNCs.Originality/valueThis study represents one of the first attempts to investigate the post-internationalization technological competence creation of EMNCs by using a novel data source. This study sets the foundation to deepen the understanding of EMNC technological competence creation. The findings suggest interesting propositions and offer important implications for future researches.
Restricted pleasure for healthy eating and food well-being
Authors: Bradford Tonya Williams , Grier Sonya 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship of dietary restriction and food well-being (FWB) in an under-researched population using a novel but growing approach to transition to healthier eating patterns.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses individual interviews of African-American participants in a food detoxification program, a specific form of food restriction used to transition to healthier eating.FindingsResults identify how food socialization and food literacy enable individuals to transform their relationship with food and enhance their FWB. Unlike prior research that focuses on food as the source of pleasure, this study finds that food is deployed as fuel, and this transition results in pleasure.Originality/valueThis research explains how a voluntary transition to healthier eating enables people to pursue FWB and extends the understanding of FWB (Block et al., 2011). In addition, this research contributes novel insights related to transformative consumer research efforts to motivate change. Findings have implications for marketing theory and practice, including the development of social marketing campaigns to support healthy eating patterns, especially for at-risk populations.
Survival, tumour response and safety of 70‐150 μm versus 100‐300 μm doxorubicin drug‐eluting beads in transarterial chemoembolisation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huo Ya Ruth , Xiang Hao , Chan Michael Vinchill , Chan Christine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigates the outcomes and safety of 70–150 μm and 100–300 μm doxorubicin drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolisation (DEB‐TACE) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsRetrospective, cohort study of 51 patients treated with DEB‐TACE for unresectable HCC was studied: 23 with 100–300 μm particles and 28 with 70–150 μm particles. Overall, survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), tumour response and prognostic factors were assessed.ResultsThe median OS of the entire cohort was 30 months. The median OS and median PFS for 70–150 μm particles were not reached, whilst for the 100–300 μm group, it was 29.2 months and 15.0 months, respectively. The 6‐month, 1‐year and 2‐year OS for 70–150 μm was 96%, 86% and 85% versus the 100–300 μm particles size of 83%, 64% and 44%, respectively. At 1‐month follow‐up, patients treated with 70–150 μm had significantly better mRECIST tumour response compared to 100–300 μm (complete response 38.5% vs. 19%; partial response 57.7% vs. 42.9%; stable disease 0% vs. 4.8%; progressive disease 3.8% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.027). Patients treated with 100–300 μm DEBs were significantly more likely to have progressive disease on 1‐month follow‐up imaging compared those treated with 70–150 μm DEB sizes (odds ratio 7.15, P = 0.007). The 30‐day mortality rate was similar between the two groups (3.6% for 70–150 μm vs. 4.3% for 100–300 μm). Multivariate analysis demonstrated entire cohort OS was significantly associated with BCLC stage (aHR: 10.5, P = 0.002), albumin (aHR: 15.0, P = 0.02) and ALP (aHR 62, P = 0.001).ConclusionsDEB‐TACE with 70–150 μm particles demonstrates improved 1‐month objective tumour response compared to 100–300 μm, whilst having a similar safety profile. Elevated ALP, lower albumin and higher BCLC stage were significantly associated with poorer survival outcomes.
Prioritizing among removal scenarios for the reintroduction of endangered species: insights from bearded vulture simulation modeling
Authors: Colomer M. À. , Oliva‐Vidal P. , Jiménez J. , Martínez J. M. , Margalida A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTranslocations are an increasing feature of threatened species conservation plans, but the impact of removal of individuals on the source population is seldom studied. Using computational Population Dynamics P System models and the Pyrenean Bearded Vulture population as a case study we looked at: the effect on the source population of alternative strategies for removal of individual birds for use in reintroduction projects; and the trade‐offs between the various management options. According to our models (over a 30 year prediction horizon) the removal of one clutch, juvenile or non‐territorial adult each year over an 11 year period, results in an annual loss of 1.57, 3.71 and 0.97 territories, respectively. We forecast the impact of a plausible removal scenario for the Pyrenees source population (the removal of five clutches and five non‐territorial adults each year over 11 years), leading to a predicted loss of 16 breeding territories. Nevertheless, changes in demographic parameters, mainly in productivity and adult survival, could substantially affect these predicted results. With the current demographic parameters, the removal scenarios that were estimated to not affect population size after 30 years (95% CI) are limited to: (1) the removal of five clutches and five non‐territorial adults during a single year; (2) the annual removal of five non‐territorial adults during a 6 year period; and (3) the annual removal of five clutches during a 6 year period. Our results suggest that removals from the Pyrenean Bearded Vulture source population should be performed with caution due to uncertainties arising from stochastic changes in survival and productivity.
Potent and selective NOP receptor activation reduces cocaine self‐administration in rats by lowering hedonic set point
Authors: Cippitelli Andrea , Barnes Megan , Zaveri Nurulain T. , Toll Lawrence 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeveloping new medications for the treatment of cocaine dependence continues to be a research priority. Compelling evidence indicates that mixed opioid receptor agonists, particularly bifunctional compounds that target nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and mu opioid receptors, may be useful for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Here, we verify that potent and selective pharmacological activation of NOP receptors is sufficient to reduce relevant facets of cocaine addiction in animal models. Accordingly, we determined whether systemic injections of the small molecule AT‐312 (0, 1, 3 mg/kg) could reduce operant cocaine self‐administration, motivation for cocaine, and vulnerability to cocaine relapse in rats. Results indicate that a potent and selective NOP receptor agonist was equally efficacious in reducing the number of cocaine infusions in short (1‐hour), as well as long (6‐hour) access sessions. When tested on an economic‐demand reinforcement schedule, AT‐312 reduced Q0, the parameter that describes the amount of drug consumed at zero price, while leaving the parameter α, a measure of motivation for drug consumption, unaltered. Furthermore, AT‐312 successfully reduced conditioned reinstatement of cocaine seeking. In contrast, the NOP receptor agonist did not modify food self‐administration. Blockade of the NOP receptor with the antagonist SB‐612111 prevented the effect of AT‐312 in decreasing cocaine‐reinforced responding under a 2‐hour fixed ratio 1 schedule, suggesting a NOP receptor‐mediated mechanism. This work demonstrates that potent and selective activation of NOP receptors is sufficient to decrease cocaine taking and seeking behaviors in rats.
An initial exploration of subtraction electrocardiography to detect myocardial ischemia in the prehospital setting
Authors: ter Haar Cornelia Cato , Peters Ron J. G. , Bosch Jan , Sbrollini Agnese , Gripenstedt Sophia , Adams Rob , Bleijenberg Eduard , Kirchhof Charles J. H. J. , Alizadeh Dehnavi Reza , Burattini Laura , de Winter Robbert J. , Macfarlane Peter W. , Postema Pieter G. , Man Sumche , Scherptong Roderick W. C. , Schalij Martin J. , Maan Arie C. , Swenne Cees A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the prehospital triage of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial ischemia, reliable myocardial ischemia detection in the electrocardiogram (ECG) is pivotal. Due to large interindividual variability and overlap between ischemic and nonischemic ECG‐patterns, incorporation of a previous elective (reference) ECG may improve accuracy. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential value of serial ECG analysis using subtraction electrocardiography.MethodsSUBTRACT is a multicenter retrospective observational study, including patients who were prehospitally evaluated for acute myocardial ischemia. For each patient, an elective previously recorded reference ECG was subtracted from the ambulance ECG. Patients were classified as myocardial ischemia cases or controls, based on the in‐hospital diagnosis. The diagnostic performance of subtraction electrocardiography was tested using logistic regression of 28 variables describing the differences between the reference and ambulance ECGs. The Uni‐G ECG Analysis Program was used for state‐of‐the‐art single‐ECG interpretation of the ambulance ECG.ResultsIn 1,229 patients, the mean area‐under‐the‐curve of subtraction electrocardiography was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.77–0.82). The performance of our new method was comparable to single‐ECG analysis using the Uni‐G algorithm: sensitivities were 66% versus 67% (p‐value > .05), respectively; specificities were 80% versus 81% (p‐value > .05), respectively.ConclusionsIn our initial exploration, the diagnostic performance of subtraction electrocardiography for the detection of acute myocardial ischemia proved equal to that of state‐of‐the‐art automated single‐ECG analysis by the Uni‐G algorithm. Possibly, refinement of both algorithms, or even integration of the two, could surpass current electrocardiographic myocardial ischemia detection.
Coexistence of increased arterial stiffness and interatrial block in overweight subjects
Authors: Dogdus Mustafa , Cinier Goksel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundInteratrial block (IAB) is an electrical conduction delay between the right and left atrium and is associated with some cardiovascular disorders. Arterial stiffness is a useful prognostic marker for cardiovascular events. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the coexistence of increased arterial stiffness and IAB in overweight subjects.MethodsA total of 110 overweight people were enrolled (56 subjects with IAB, and 54 age‐ and gender‐matched subjects without IAB) into the study. Surface 12‐lead standard ECGs were recorded. I.E.M. Mobil‐O‐Graph ambulatory blood pressure monitor device was used to assess the arterial stiffness.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 54.1 ± 11.5 years, and 53.6% were male. PWV and Aix were significantly higher in IAB (+) group than IAB (−) group (9.34 ± 1.5 vs. 7.86 ± 1.3, p < .001; 29.18 ± 11.2 vs. 22.75 ± 10.4, p < .001, respectively), and also, positive linear correlation was observed between arterial stiffness parameters and P‐wave duration (r = .758 for PWV; r = .682 for Aix, respectively).ConclusionThe present study is the first to focus on evaluating the relationship between the presence of IAB and arterial stiffness in overweight subjects. If there is a coexistence of increased arterial stiffness and IAB in overweight subjects, it should be considered as requiring clinically closer follow‐up.
The environmental occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Crone Stephanie , Vives‐Flórez Martha , Kvich Lasse , Saunders Aaron M. , Malone Matthew , Nicolaisen Mette H. , Martínez‐García Esteban , Rojas‐Acosta Catalina , Catalina Gomez‐Puerto Maria , Calum Henrik , Whiteley Marvin , Kolter Roberto , Bjarnsholt Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is generally described as ubiquitous in natural settings, such as soil and water. However, because anecdotal observations and published reports have questioned whether or not this description is true, we undertook a rigorous study using three methods to investigate the occurrence of P. aeruginosa: We investigated environmental samples, analyzed 16S rRNA data, and undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published data. The environmental sample screening identified P. aeruginosa as significantly associated with hydrocarbon and pesticide‐contaminated environments and feces, as compared to uncontaminated environments in which its prevalence was relatively low. The 16S rRNA data analysis showed that P. aeruginosa sequences were present in all habitats but were most abundant in samples from human and animals. Similarly, the meta‐analysis revealed that samples obtained from environments with intense human contact had a higher prevalence of P. aeruginosa compared to those with less human contact. Thus, we found a clear tendency of P. aeruginosa to be present in places closely linked with human activity. Although P. aeruginosa may be ubiquitous in nature, it is usually scarce in pristine environments. Thus, we suggest that P. aeruginosa should be described as a bacterium largely found in locations associated with human activity.
Preventing suicide, promoting resilience: Is this achievable from a global perspective?
Authors: Ivbijaro Gabriel , Kolkiewicz Lucja , Goldberg David , Riba Michelle B. , N'jie Isatou N.S. , Geller Jeffrey , Kallivayalil Roy , Javed Afzal , Švab Igor , Summergrad Paul , Laher Sumaya , Enum Yaccub 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSuicide continues to be a major health concern globally despite many initiatives to identify risk factors and methods for suicide prevention. We have carried out a detailed narrative review of the literature from 2016 to 2019 using the headings of Personal resilience (P1), People (P2), Places (P3), Prevention (P4), Promoting collaboration (P5), and Promoting research (P6) in order to support an integrated approach to suicide prevention and the promotion of personal and population resilience. We have made 10 key recommendations on how this can be moved forward.
Improved glycaemic variability and time in range with dapagliflozin versus gliclazide modified release among adults with type 2 diabetes, evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring: A 12‐week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vianna Andre G. D. , Lacerda Claudio S. , Pechmann Luciana M. , Polesel Michelle G. , Marino Emerson C. , Scharf Mauro , Detsch Josiane M. , Marques Kleber , Sanches Claudia P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate whether there is a difference between the effects of dapagliflozin and gliclazide modified release (MR) on glycaemic variability (GV) and glycaemic control, as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), in individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsThis randomized, open‐label, active‐controlled study was conducted in individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who were drug‐naïve or on steady‐dose metformin monotherapy. Participants were treated once daily with 10 mg dapagliflozin or 120 mg gliclazide MR. CGM and GV index calculations were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks.ResultsIn total, 97 participants (age 57.9 ± 8.7 years, 50.5% men, baseline glycated haemoglobin 63 ± 9.8 mmol/mol [7.9 ± 0.9%]) were randomized, and 94 completed the 12‐week protocol. Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses showed that the reduction in GV, as measured by the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions, was superior in the dapagliflozin group versus the gliclazide MR group (−0.9 mmol/L [95% CI −1.5, −0.4] vs −0.2 mmol/L [95% CI −0.6, 0.3]; P = 0.030 [ITT]). The reductions in GV estimated by the coefficient of variation and SD were greater in the dapagliflozin group. Moreover, dapagliflozin increased the glucose time in range (TIR; 3.9–10 mmol/L) by 24.9% (95% CI 18.6, 31.2) vs. 17.4% (95% CI 11.6, 23.3) in the gliclazide MR group (P = 0.089 [ITT]; P = 0.041 [PP]).ConclusionsDapagliflozin improved GV and increased TIR more efficiently than gliclazide MR in individuals with type 2 diabetes over 12 weeks, as demonstrated by CGM.
Genome‐wide SNPs resolve spatiotemporal patterns of connectivity within striped marlin (Kajikia audax), a broadly distributed and highly migratory pelagic species
Authors: Mamoozadeh Nadya R. , Graves John E. , McDowell Jan R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenomic methodologies offer unprecedented opportunities for statistically robust studies of species broadly distributed in environments conducive to high gene flow, providing valuable information for wildlife conservation and management. Here, we sequence restriction site‐associated DNA to characterize genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a broadly distributed and highly migratory large pelagic fish, striped marlin (Kajikia audax). Assessment of over 4,000 SNPs resolved spatiotemporal patterns of genetic connectivity throughout the species range in the Pacific and, for the first time, Indian oceans. Individual‐based cluster analyses identified six genetically distinct populations corresponding with the western Indian, eastern Indian, western South Pacific, and eastern central Pacific oceans, as well as two populations in the North Pacific Ocean (FST = 0.0137–0.0819). FST outlier analyses identified a subset of SNPs (n = 59) putatively under the influence of natural selection and capable of resolving populations separated by comparatively high degrees of genetic differentiation. Temporal collections available for some regions demonstrated the stability of allele frequencies over three to five generations of striped marlin. Relative migration rates reflected lower levels of genetic connectivity between Indian Ocean populations (mR ≤ 0.37) compared with most populations in the Pacific Ocean (mR ≥ 0.57) and highlight the importance of the western South Pacific in facilitating gene flow between ocean basins. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into rangewide population structure for striped marlin and highlight substantial inconsistencies between genetically distinct populations and stocks currently recognized for fisheries management. More broadly, we demonstrate that species capable of long‐distance dispersal in environments lacking obvious physical barriers to movement can display substantial population subdivision that persists over multiple generations and that may be facilitated by both neutral and adaptive processes. Importantly, surveys of genome‐wide markers enable inference of population‐level relationships using sample sizes practical for large pelagic fishes of conservation concern.
Micro‐CT study on the removal of accumulated hard‐tissue debris from the root canal system of mandibular molars when using a novel laser‐activated irrigation approach
Authors: Yang Q. , Liu M. W. , Zhu L. X. , Peng B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy of ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI), photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) activation for the removal of accumulated hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) from the root canal system of mandibular molars when assessed using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT).MethodologyA total of 30 mandibular first and second molars with joining mesial root canals containing an isthmus and a single distal canal were subjected to three micro‐CT scans (before and after canal instrumentation and after final irrigation) at a resolution of 15 μm. Mesial canals were prepared up to a ProTaper F3 rotary file, and distal canals were prepared up to a ProTaper F4 rotary file. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups according to the irrigant activation method (n = 10): the UAI group, the PIPS group and the SWEEPS group. The final irrigation procedures were performed using a total of 15.5 mL of 1% NaOCl for each tooth with an activation time of 3 × 30 s. After three‐dimensional model reconstruction and volumetric measurement of root canals, the percentage reduction (%Rd) of AHTD was calculated. The %Rd of AHTD was analysed statistically using one‐way analysis of variance and nonparametric tests at a significance level of 5%.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the three groups in terms of canal volume before or after instrumentation, or the volume of debris after canal preparation (P > 0.05). In the mesial canals, irrigation with SWEEPS reduced the overall debris by 84.31%, which was significantly more than the reduction associated with PIPS and UAI (58.79% and 50.27%, respectively). In the distal canals, the %Rd of AHTD was significantly different between PIPS and SWEEPS and between UAI and SWEEPS (P < 0.05), but was not significantly different between PIPS and UAI groups (P > 0.05). The SWEEPS was associated with a greater %Rd of AHTD than the PIPS and UAI groups.ConclusionsSWEEPS was associated with significantly less debris compared than PIPS and UAI, especially in isthmus‐containing mesial roots. None of the activation techniques completely removed debris from root canal systems.