bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS IS NOT ALWAYS TUBERCULAR: ROLE OF FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY IN EVALUATION OF GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS
Authors: Auplish Ridhima , Singh Sneha , Singh Prem , Khanna Shiv Pankaj , Gupta Aditi 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:
Granulomatous mastitis is rare chronic inflammatory benign breast lesion, which clinically and radiologically resembles carcinoma breast thus creating a diagnostic dilemma. The term granulomatous mastitis includes two broad categories namely specific granulomatous mastitis for which aetiological factors can be defined such as infectious causes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis and filarial infection. Other factors include association with autoimmunue diseases such as Wegner’s granulomatosis and giant cell arteritis and there are other rare causes such as include duct ectasia, foreign body reaction and fat necrosis which also leads to granulomatous lesions of breast.
Cytological features of granulomatous mastitis(GM) have not been widely discussed and described in literature, so through this study we have made an attempt to thoroughly discuss cytological spectrum of granulomatous mastitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A retrospective study was performed over a period of four years from 2016 to 2019. A total of 465 cases of breast lump reported to cytopathology section out of which 24 cases of GM diagnosed on FNAC were included in our study. Results of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Mantoux test along with TB-PCR were recorded. FNAC slides were retrieved pertaining to study period.
Granulomatous lesions of breast were further categorized broadly into IGM/ NGM, granulomatous mastitis without caseous necrosis and tubercular mastitis where diagnosis were made definite on basis of demonstration of AFB or positive TB-PCR .
RESULTS:
Patient age ranged from 23 years to 55 years with the mean age of 36.6 years with maximum of patients falling in second decade followed by third decade. Granulomatous lesions were broadly categorized into Idiopathic/ Non specific granulomatous mastitis(11 cases,45.8%), GM with caseous necrosis(8 cases, 33.3%) and tubercular mastitis(5 cases, 20.9%). Histopathology was available in 7 cases(29.2%). TB-PCR was sent in all cases of granulomatous mastitis diagnosed on cytology and was positive in 10 cases(41.7%).
CONCLUSION:
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and tubercular mastitis are rare inflammatory diseases of breast which mimic malignancy clinically and radiologically. FNAC plays important role in diagnosis of granulomatous diseases of breast and also their differentiation from malignant tumors. Tubercular mastitis needs to be differentiated from IGM since treatment options are different in both the cases. Cytopathology plays an important role in differentiationg both the diseases supplemented by radiological and microbiological investigations.
The present study thus highlights the importance of FNAC as an infalliable tool in diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis and its differentiation from neoplastic lesions of breast thus avoiding time consuming histopathological work up of cases.
HYPERTENSION CONTROL AND DEPRESSION A STUDY IN DATTA MEGHE MEDICAL COLLEGE AND SHALINITAI MEGHE HOSPITAL & RESEARCH CENTRE.
Authors: Sawarkar Mahendra , Ganeriwal Mukund , Kane Shriram 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health issue worldwide, affecting millions of patients. Although control rates have improved during the past few years, the actual rate is still unacceptably low, and control rates in more vulnerable populations, like people living with diabetes mellitus, are even lower. Optimal BP control could prevent a high percentage of coronary heart disease events, and early BP control significantly reduces the risk of stroke and cardiovascular events Depression is usually not detected at primary levels, and patients do not typically receive adequate treatment, which may not only affect their quality of life, but may also interfere with the treatment and prognosis of other chronic diseases such as ischemic heart disease and stroke.
Material and Methods: 46 hypertensive patients undergoing antihypertensive therapy for longer than six months were included in the study. After a 5 min of rest period, measurement of BP was recorded in triplicate at 3 min intervals between measurements. Adherence to antihypertensive therapy was monitored. All patients completed the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale survey; depression was diagnosed if the patient scored >50 points (the maximum possible score using this scale was 80). The Zung Self-rating Depression Scale is said to be a sensitive measure of clinical severity in depressed patients.
Results: Out of 46 patients there were 22 (47.8%) female and 24(52.2%) male. Patients who were depressed were 20 (43.5%) of which 8(40%) were male and 12 (60%) were female. Of the total 20 depressed patients 1 male having controlled hypertension while 19 (80%) were in the group of uncontrolled diabetes. In controlled hypertension group only 1 mild depression patient was observed while in uncontrolled group of the 19 patients 10 (50%) were having mild, 8 (40%) were having moderate and 1 (20%) were having severe depression according the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. Mean blood pressure in depressed controlled BP group was 128/73 mmHg while in depressed uncontrolled group was 149/90 mmHg. Mean blood pressure in normal controlled BP group was 121/75mmHg while in depressed uncontrolled group was 146/95 mmHg. There was a significant correlation observed between depression and systolic and diastolic blood pressure value (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Depression is common in patients having uncontrolled hypertension and screening of depression in hypertensive patients is simple and effective tool to control the hypertension.
Keywords: Hypertension, depression, controlled, uncontrolled.
FRONTALIS SLING SURGERY USING SILICON ROD: RESULTS IN CONGENITAL UNILATERAL PTOSIS AMONG NORTH INDIAN POPULATION
Authors: Choudhary Uzma , Sharma Shweta 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the results after frontalis sling surgery in congenital unilateral ptosis.
Methods:
This was a prospective study which included 27 eyes of patients with congenital unilateral ptosis and fair to poor levator action (<8mm). A complete examination was performed including palpebral fissure height and width, lid-crease distance, margin reflex distance 1 (MRD 1) and margin reflex distance 2 (MRD 2), levator function. Fox pentagon technique was employed using silicon rod. Follow up was done at 2 weeks and at 3 months and based on the criteria recommended by Tarbet et al, the ptosis correction was catergorized into: ‘excellent’ if MRD1 measured more than 2mm or the difference in MRD1 between two eyelids was equal to or less than 1 mm, ‘good’ if MRD1 ranged from 1 to 2mm or if asymmetry was 1.5 to 2mm, and ‘poor’ if MRD1 measured less than 1 mm or if asymmetry was greater than 2mm in primary position of gaze.
Results: A total of 27 eyelids of 27 patients underwent frontalis sling surgery with silicon rod. The correction was excellent in 20 patients (74%) on both first and second follow-up visits, shown in fig1. It was good in 5 patients (19%) and poor in 2 patients (7%) based on the above mentioned criteria. Lagophthalmos was present in all patients postoperatively which improved with time.
Conclusion: This study shows that surgical repair using silicone sling is a safe and effective method of correcting congenital ptosis with poor to fair levator function.
TO OBSERVE THE EFFECT OF ORAL GABAPENTIN, THEOPHYLLINE AND CAFFEINE ON SBP, DBP, MAP AND HR.
Authors: Thakur Kunwar Singh , Meda Rahul 
Published: March 2020

After obtaining approval from institutional ethics committee, and written informed consent, the present study entitled "To Observe the Effect of Oral Gabapentin, Theophylline and Caffeine on SBP, DBP, MAP and HR" was conducted on 120 patients of ASA grade I &II scheduled for elective and emergency lower segment caesarean section under spinal anesthesia in the Department of Anesthesiology, J.A. Group of Hospitals & G.R. Medical College, Gwalior (M.P.) after getting written informed consent from the patients.
No significant effects on haemodynamic parameters were observed with all the study drugs. Recurrence of PDPH was significantly high with caffeine treatment. No serious untoward effects or complications of study drugs were observed in the study.
Keywords: Oral Gabapentin, Theophylline, Caffeine, SBP, DBP, MAP & HR.
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF HAEMOPHILIA A CHILDREN WITH JOINT INVOLVEMENT.
Authors: Solanki Pinakini P. , Patel Priti P. , Shah Vijay , Patel Pavan 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Worldwide Haemophilia A (HA) is the most common coagulation factor deficiency. It affects all populations and its prevalence varies among different countries, but roughly prevalence is estimated to be of 3-20 cases per 100,000 population. The classification of HA provides a guidance to possible types of bleeding and the rate of occurrence of hemorrhagic episodes. The hemophiliac patients with severe form, can be presented with spontaneous bleeding and hemorrhage after minor trauma about 1-6 times in a month, including hemarthrosis and intramuscular hemorrhage. In moderate form, the patients usually experience bleeding after mild to moderate injuries, while HA patients with mild form may not be diagnosed for years and bleed after surgery or major trauma. About 70% of children who have a positive history of HA in the family are diagnosed at birth or after the first bleeding episode.
Material and Methods: A complete medical history of the patient was taken with reference to the name, age, sex, address, occupation, history of present illness, duration illness, education of patient and parent. Previous history of treatment, past and personal history and socio-economic status were noted. Parents were explained the purpose of the study and the procedures involved.The Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) was used to assess joint health in children included in the study.
Results: Age of diagnosis >=12 months was observed in 28 (54.90%) of cases while in 23 (45.10%) cases age of diagnosis was < 12 months. Out of 51 cases Severe disease was observed in 45(88.23%) of cases, moderate in 4(7.84%) and mild form was observed in 2(3.95%).Out of total 51 cases 42 (82.4%) were from the nuclear family while 9(17.6%) were from the joint family. Mean HJHS was higher in patients of nuclear family as compared to joint family.
Conclusion: HJHS shows construct validity and is more sensitive for mild arthropathy and can be used for studies in children with hemophilia. No correlation of different demographic parameters in children suffering from hemophilia A was seen.
Keywords: HJHS, HA, Hemophilia A and B, CDC, HTCs, UDC,FA.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEAD INJURY IN VINDHYA REGION.
Authors: Jindal Sonpal , Tiwari Vinit Kumar , Evne Sandeep 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Head injury is one of the major public health concern because it can happen to Anyone in day to day life. Nearly 50% of trauma deaths are because of head Injuries but these account for numerous cases of permanent disability.
Aims & Objectives: To know about the incidence & distribution of head injury from various causes according to age, sex, site of event, occupation, peak hours &seasonal variation.
Methodology: The present study was conducted in patients of head injury. Particulars of the patients, date & time of incidence, admission & mode of treatment received i.e. conservative or operated were recorded from hospital records, post graduate students, neurosurgeons & from other hospital staffs.
Result: Incidence of head injury was 2.82%. 84.66% of patients were managed Conservatively. Maximum patients had GCS 13 to15, the most Common age group was21-30 years. 38.66% of Patients were under the influence of alcohol &stay in hospital was 1 to3 days.
Conclusion: Head injury is one of the greatest challenge to human being, not only because of the trama but also interms of disability , morbidity and financial losses , further aggravating agony, needed to eliminate such pathetic situation by implementation of education and training among public & health professionals.
Keywords: Head injury, Epidemiology
LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN SICKLE CELL PATIENTS: A NONTRANSFUSIONAL PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT.
Authors: Gode Dilip S. , Padamwar Mangesh 
Published: March 2020

Background: The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcome of novel perioperative management involving prophylactic antibiotic, Intra Venous fluids and Intermittent Nasal Oxygen and avoidance of preoperative blood transfusion for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
Methods: A prospective study included all sickle cell disease (SCD) and trait patients who underwent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy from January 2007 to August 2010 at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, attached to Datta Meghe Institute of Medical sciences university, Sawangi, Wardha. India
Result: A total of 26 patients underwent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. There were two recorded episodes of acute painful crises and three patients had postoperative fever. There were no recorded episodes of Acute Chest syndrome.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy can be safely performed for sickle cell anemia (disease and trait) patients, without preoperative blood transfusion. A defined perioperative regimen including use of antibiotic, IV fluids and Intermittent Nasal Oxygenation for these patients helps to reduce SCD related complications.
Keywords: Laparoscopy, Cholecystectomy, Sickle Cell, Nontransfusion, Haemoglobinopathy.
ABDOMINAL RECTUS DIASTASIS (ARD) CORRECTION FOR PAIN REDUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF ABDOMINAL WALL MUSCLE STRENGTH
Authors: Waikar Kaustubh Vasant 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Rectus abdominis diastasis (RAD) can be described as a condition in which rectus abdominis muscles are separated by an abnormally wide distance i.e. any separation of more than 2 cm is considered to be abnormal. Several aetiological factors may lead to protrusion of the anterior abdominal wall. It is a common complaint in women after childbirth. Abdominal rectus diastasis (ARD) is a sequele of the expansion of the abdominal contents during pregnancy or massive weight loss and/or congenital disproportion of the collagen III/I ratio. Operative repair of ARD can improve abdominal wall function. Various methods for ARD repair have been described. These differ by approach like open versus laparoscopic, the position of suture placement, numbers of layers of sutures, suture material, and use of mesh. Also it can be combined with mesh augmentation in the IPOM technique for enhanced stabilization of the abdominal wall.
Material and Methods: Eligible patients were randomized to either one of two operative procedures or a 3-month, dedicated training program which serve as a control group. ARD width was assessed clinically and confirmed with computed tomography scanning. Endpoints were assessed after 6 months for relapse of the ARD, pain, restriction of daily activities and improvement in muscle strength. Abdominal wall strengthe was assessed by Visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results: A total of 72 patients were enrolled into the study (70 female and 2 male). 24 patients were enrolled in each group. 13 patients had undergone cesarean section in the Quill group and 12 in the mesh group. According to VAS scale no statistically significant difference was seen between the two operative groups regarding perceived improvement in abdominal wall strength. But it was significantly higher in operated group as compared to training group. Abdominal muscular strength was improved in all the three groups. Improvement in abdominal wall strength was lower in training group compared to operative groups. No relapse was observed in operative groups.
Conclusion: Operative repair of ARD can provide functional stability and improvement in pain and physical parameters it also improves quality of life, and reduce functional disability.
Keywords: ARD, Quill SRS, Mesh repair, VAS, linea alba (LA)
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF THE FNAC IN STUDY OF THE LESIONS IN THE ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF NECK IN CORRELATION WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY.
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Kumar Alok , Banerjee Bejoy Chand , Prasad Rajkumar 
Published: March 2020

Method: The study consists of 516 patients with palpable anterior triangle neck masses coming to the Department of Pathology.
Result: Out of total 516 patients, 122 patients of thyroid lesions came for FNAC. Female were more affected than males with male: female ratio of 1:4.9. Most commonly affected age group was 16-30 years of age.
Conclusion: Out of the 516 FNAC, maximum number were from lymph node consisting of 360 cases (69.86%), 122 cases (23.64%) were thyroid lesions, 34 cases (6.50%) were miscellaneous lesions from the submandibular salivary gland, soft tissue and subcutaneous tissue of anterior triangle of neck region.
FNAC is important diagnostic test for differentiating inflammatory from malignant lesions so that unnecessary surgical biopsy can be avoided and helps in proper management of the patients.
Keywords: Diagnostic, FNAC, Lesions, Ant. Triangle & Histopathology.
PREVALENCE AND PATTERNS OF THE VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS OF MYELONEUROPATHIES
Authors: Husen Nosad 
Published: March 2020

Background: Patients of neuroloical syndrome (Myeloneuropathy, Myelopathy and Neuropathy) show various haematoloical manifestations. Complete clinical and early Laboratory evaluation help in early identification of these cases and help in prevention of permanent neurological damage.
Material and methods: 81 Patients of myeloneuropathies attending the outpatient’s department neurology were taken. Detailed hematological, biochemical investigations and bone marrow examination was carried-out in all patients as per the protocol.
Results: 81 cases of neurological syndrome were taken these were classified as myeloneuropathy (32), myelopathy (11) and neuropathy (38). Of these 81 patients, 55 (67.9%) were males and 26 (32%) were females (male: female ratio 2.1:1). Peripheral blood examination, bone marrow examination and biochemical evaluation was done in all. Anemia, present in 48 patients (59.2%), Macrocytosis was defined as MCV ≥100 fl, was present in 38 patients (46.9%). Most common finding on bone marrow examination was reversal of myeloid and erythroid ratio (M:E ratio) and was present in more than three-fourth of patients (76.5%). Megaloblastic changes in erythroid cells were present in 42 patients (51.8%). Biochemical tests revealed increased serum LDH in 56.5% of patients. Out of eighty one patients, twenty eight patients (34.5%) were found to be Vitamin B12 deficient.
Conclusions: This study included 81 patients presenting with various neurological syndromes myelopathy, myeloneuropathy and neuropathy with associated myelocognitive and neuropsychiatric features to study the hematological manifestations such as anemia, other cytopenias, macrocytosis, neutrophil hypersegmentation and megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow.
COMPARISON OF INTUBATING CONDITIONS BETWEEN ATRACURIUM PRIMING, MAGNESIUM SULPHATE PRE-TREATMENT AND COMBINATION OF TWO METHODS ON ONSET AND DURATION OF NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLIND CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Jethani Kushal , Sahu Preeti , R Rakesh D 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Magnesium inhibits acetylcholine release from the presynaptic membrane at the motor end plate; and thus it enhances the effect of non-depolarising muscle relaxants. Priming technique shortens the time of onset of non depolarising neuromuscular relaxants. Thus, the combination of magnesium pre-treatment and priming may be an effective method for achieving an early tracheal intubating condition. We studied the effect of magnesium sulphate pretreatment in combination with atracurium priming on onset and duration of neuromuscular blockade, compared with these methods when used alone.
Materials and Methods: 100 patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia were divided into 4 groups. Group A (n=25) recieved priming with 0.05 mg/kg atracurium, three minutes before the intubating dose of atracurium 0.5 mg/kg, group M (n=25) was given 50 mg/kg magnesium sulphate as infusion over 10 mins before intubating dose of atracurium, group MA (n=25) received both the magnesium sulphate pretreatment and the priming dose of atracurium. Group N (n = 25) were given 0.5mg/kg atracurium alone as part of general anaesthesia. Tracheal intubation was done when the TOF stimulation showed single twitch which was measured at intervals of every 30 seconds. Parameters studied were the time to onset of neuromuscular blockade and the duration of neuromuscular blockade.
Results: The MA group had the shortest onset time (mean±SD) 114.30±20.19 sec (p < 0.001) compared to the other groups. The duration of blockade was prolonged in both Group MA and Group M compared to other groups (P<0.001). Few adverse effects were reported in groups receiving magnesium, but were clinically not significant.
Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate pretreatment in combination with atracurium priming shortens the time of onset of neuromuscular blockade when compared to magnesium sulphate pretreatment or priming used alone.
Keywords: Atracurium priming, magnesium sulphate, neuromuscular blockade
ROLE OF SACRUM IN SEX DETERMINATION IN WEST BENGAL POPULATION
Authors: Bhanarkar Ujwala , Koley Baishakhi 
Published: March 2020

Background: Sex classification of a bone is possible with a degree of certainty only if it can be compared to a series of bones of known sexual dimorphism. Different parameters and indices are available based on which the sex can be determined using sacrum. Thus, it always attracted the attention of the medico-legal experts for establishing the sex, because of its contribution to pelvic girdle and associated functional sex differences. Objective: Study the sexual dimorphism and regional differences of the varied features of the sacrum in West Bengal population and compare the significant anthropometric indices with similar observations across India. Material and method: The study comprised of 50 adult sacra (35 male and 15 female), obtained from the department of anatomy and department of forensic medicine of ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia, West Bengal. Different parameters viz. mid ventral straight length, mid ventral curved length, ventral straight breadth, transverse diameter of base, transverse diameter of body of S1, antero-posterior diameter of body of S1, breadth of alae were measured and indices viz. sacral index, longitudinal curvature index and corporobasal index were calculated and statistically analyzed. Result: Sacral index was found to be the most useful criterion for identification of sex followed by breadth of alae, corporobasal index and the ventral straight breadth. Conclusion: In the present study, out of the eleven parameters of the sacrum, seven parameters yielded statistical significance between the two sexes. Therefore, it can be concluded that sex determination of the sacrum with 100% accuracy may possible only when maximum number of parameters are taken into consideration.
Keywords: Sacrum, sexual dimorphism, sacral parameters, sacral index