bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive model of electromigrative transport in microfluidic paper based analytical devices
Authors: Schaumburg Federico , Kler Pablo A. , Berli Claudio L. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA complete mathematical model for electromigration in paper‐based analytical devices is derived, based on differential equations describing the motion of fluids by pressure sources and EOF, the transport of charged chemical species, and the electric potential distribution. The porous medium created by the cellulose fibers is considered like a network of tortuous capillaries and represented by macroscopic parameters following an effective medium approach. The equations are obtained starting from their open‐channel counterparts, applying scaling laws and, where necessary, including additional terms. With this approach, effective parameters are derived, describing diffusion, mobility, and conductivity for porous media. While the foundations of these phenomena can be found in previous reports, here, all the contributions are analyzed systematically and provided in a comprehensive way. Moreover, a novel electrophoretically driven dispersive transport mechanism in porous materials is proposed. Results of the numerical implementation of the mathematical model are compared with experimental data, showing good agreement and supporting the validity of the proposed model. Finally, the model succeeds in simulating a challenging case of free‐flow electrophoresis in paper, involving capillary flow and electrophoretic transport developed in a 2D geometry.
Photocatalytic degradation of nitro‐aromatic explosives using visible‐light‐activated WO3: Optimization and catalyst modification
Authors: Zarei Alireza , Hedayatinasab Fatemeh , Rezaei‐Vahidian Hadi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNitro‐aromatic explosives are hazardous, stable, and carcinogenic pollutants in industrial wastewaters. Photocatalytic degradation is one of the most efficient methods for the treatment of these types of pollutants. In this work, the degradation of p‐nitrophenol (PNP) as a typical nitro‐aromatic pollutant was studied using the synthesized catalyst WO3 under visible light irradiation. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The effect of the operational parameters on the process efficiency, such as initial pH, initial concentration of PNP, catalyst dose, reaction temperature, calcination temperature (CT), and light source type, was studied. The effect of different morphologies of WO3 on the process efficiency was also evaluated. The results show that, under the optimum condition (pH = 11.5, catalyst dosage = 1000 μg/ml, and CT = 700°C) at T = 25°C and for initial PNP concentration of 20 μg/ml, the process can degrade and mineralize PNP by about 90% and 40.16%, respectively, after 240 min. Under the obtained optimum condition, mineralization of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene as a nitro‐aromatic explosive was evaluated, and 28% mineralization was observed after 240 min. The electrical energy consumption of the process was also assessed, and under the optimum condition, it was calculated as 602.3 and 94.0 kWh/m3 for the metal halide lamp and light‐emitting diode, respectively.
Methotrexate plus or minus cetuximab as first‐line treatment in a recurrent or metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma population of the head and neck (SCCHN), unfit for cisplatin combination treatment, a phase Ib‐randomized phase II study Commence
Authors: Ham Janneke C. , van Meerten Esther , Fiets W. Edward , Beerepoot Laurens V. , Jeurissen Frank J. F. , Slingerland Marije , Jonker Marianne A. , Husson Olga , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , van Herpen Carla M. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMethotrexate in recurrent or metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has limited progression‐free survival (PFS) benefit. We hypothesized that adding cetuximab to methotrexate improves PFS.MethodsIn the phase‐Ib‐study, patients with R/M SCCHN received methotrexate and cetuximab as first‐line treatment. The primary objective was feasibility. In the phase‐II‐study patients were randomized to this combination or methotrexate alone (2:1). The primary endpoint was PFS. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), toxicity, and quality of life (QoL).ResultsIn six patients in the phase‐Ib‐study, no dose limiting toxicities were observed. In the phase II study, 30 patients received the combination and 15 patients methotrexate. In the phase‐II‐study median PFS was 4.5 months in the combination group vs 2.0 months in the methotrexate group (HR 0.37; P = .002). OS, toxicity, and QoL were not significantly different.ConclusionCetuximab with methotrexate improved PFS without increased toxicity in R/M SCCHN‐patients.
Limb‐salvage surgery with vascular reconstruction after lower extremity sarcoma resection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fujiki Masahide , Kimura Takeichiro , Takushima Akihiko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLimb‐salvage surgery with vascular reconstruction is the current standard treatment when sarcoma involves major vessels of the lower extremity. However, the low incidence of sarcoma and rarity of limb‐salvage surgery are limiting factors for the reliable study of limb‐salvage surgery. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to establish better management of lower extremity sarcoma based on currently available evidence.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of data on limb‐salvage surgery with vascular reconstruction for lower extremity sarcoma were conducted using MEDLINE through PubMed, Scopus, CINARL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Overall limb‐salvage rate was the primary outcome, and rates of perioperative complication and arterial patency were secondary outcomes.ResultsAmong the 271 patients (18 studies) included in this study, 69.4% underwent arterial reconstruction with autologous graft, 22.0% underwent synthetic graft, and 8.6% underwent other reconstructive methods. Pooled overall limb‐salvage rate was 89.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 85.0–93.1%] after a mean follow‐up of 19–74.7 months. Pooled overall perioperative complication and arterial patency rates were 49.5% (95% CI, 42.8–56.2%) and 85.4% (95% CI, 79.5–89.9%), respectively.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that limb‐salvage surgery with vascular reconstruction has a high limb‐salvage rate; however, the high perioperative complication rate remains problematic. Early and appropriate interventions are required to optimize the complications of limb‐salvage surgery.
Dissolved organic carbon chemical composition controls the rate of CO2 release from rewetted soil
Authors: Laffely Audrey , Erich M. Susan , Ohno Tsutomu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe CO2 flush from dried and rewetted soil has been proposed as an indicator of soil health. Drying and rewetting releases mineralizable carbon (C) due to effects on microbial populations and aggregate stability. It is a complex, integrative process, and its relationship to soil health is incompletely understood. In order to increase our understanding of this process, we investigated changes in the quantity and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a laboratory incubation study during 48 h after rewetting dried soil. A LI‐COR infrared gas analyzer was used to quantify CO2 released. DOC was extracted by water and quantified by a Shimadzu TOC‐VCPH. Changes in chemical composition of the DOC were followed during decomposition using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT‐ICR‐MS). The initial DOC was 67% lignin‐like, and 6.5% N‐containing aliphatic material (number‐averaged formula distribution). The contribution of N‐containing aliphatics to total DOC declined to 0.2% by 48 h, although the amount of DOC declined only 34% by 48 h. The lignin‐like material increased to 76% of the total DOC by 48 h of incubation, suggesting it is less microbially available than other DOC constituents. The decline in CO2 release rate was related to the loss of readily mineralizable N‐containing compounds rather than to total DOC, supporting the use of the CO2 flush as an indicator of mineralizable N. Further studies designed to elucidate the biological and abiotic mechanisms controlling the CO2 flush will improve its usefulness as a soil health indicator.
Soil mass and volume affect soil‐test biological activity estimates
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil‐test biological activity is a key indicator for soil health assessment. Methodological details may affect accuracy and precision of this indicator. Accuracy and precision of soil‐test biological activity estimates were determined for 10 replications of 10 mass and volume treatments under standard laboratory conditions using an alkali trap technique with acid titration. Five soils varying in texture and organic C and N concentrations were used to assess a gradient of soil mass and volume conditions on C mineralization following rewetting of dried soil during 0–3, 3–10, and 10–24 d of incubation at 50% water‐filled pore space and 25°C. Soil type explained ≥90% of variation in C mineralization, but soil mass and volume treatments also had significant effects on estimates (p < .001). In sets of treatments with the same surface area exposed, increasing soil volume led to lower C mineralization across soil types. Entrapment of CO2in soil pores may have been the main reason for lower C mineralization, since the effect diminished over time. Treatments with 50 to 100 g of soil were nearest the median estimates of C mineralization for each soil. Precision of C mineralization estimates was greatest when soil mass was ≥50 g of soil. A consistent surface area‐to‐volume of ∼0.2 cm−1is suggested with sufficient soil mass to account for potentially enhanced random variation of C‐enriched surface soils.
A simple real‐time frequency scaling technique for rain attenuation and its performance
Authors: Acharya Rajat 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA new algorithm has been proposed for frequency scaling of rain attenuation. It uses the real‐time estimates of a spatial variation index in the rain rate profile suggested in simple atmospheric model (SAM) to obtain the scaled attenuation. Measured data are used to validate the algorithm which showed a typical accuracy of better than 2.5 dB for 95% confidence. The time profile of a model parameter derived from measured values has also been effectively utilized to envisage the rain cell movement, particularly for high elevation conditions. Simulated data with predefined rain rate profiles were also used for validations. The relative contributions of the model error and the measurement noise to the final error were obtained. The errors are attributed to the modelling mismatch and intermediate parameter estimation error. The estimation accuracy of the algorithm was found to worsen with reducing elevation. The overall error remains within 3 dB for 0.5 dB of measurement noise and up to lowest elevation of 30°. The simple approach of the model in conjunction with the adequate accuracy makes this algorithm a potential candidate to be used for real‐time open‐loop fade mitigation.
Reprogramming of human fibroblasts into osteoblasts by insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7
Authors: Lu ZuFu , Chiu Joyce , Lee Lucinda R. , Schindeler Aaron , Jackson Miriam , Ramaswamy Yogambha , Dunstan Colin R. , Hogg Philip J. , Zreiqat Hala 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) is a promising cell source for tissue regeneration. However, the therapeutic value of iPSC technology is limited due to the complexity of induction protocols and potential risks of teratoma formation. A trans-differentiation approach employing natural factors may allow better control over reprogramming and improved safety. We report here a novel approach to drive trans-differentiation of human fibroblasts into functional osteoblasts using insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7). We initially determined that media conditioned by human osteoblasts can induce reprogramming of human fibroblasts to functional osteoblasts. Proteomic analysis identified IGFBP7 as being significantly elevated in media conditioned with osteoblasts compared with those with fibroblasts. Recombinant IGFBP7 induced a phenotypic switch from fibroblasts to osteoblasts. The switch was associated with senescence and dependent on autocrine IL-6 signaling. Our study supports a novel strategy for regenerating bone by using IGFBP7 to trans-differentiate fibroblasts to osteoblasts.Significance statement Bone tissue engineering is a growing field, where cell therapies have considerable translational potential. Current cell-based approaches are constrained by a limited capacity to harvest osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and a poor osteogenic potential of isolated patient fibroblasts. This study describes an innovative approach for promoting the trans-differentiation of human fibroblasts into functional osteoblasts using a single naturally bioactive protein, insulin growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7). This approach will have significant advantages over other commonly used cell sources, including iPSCs and adult mesenchymal stem cells, and will potentially lead to a shift in the current paradigm of bone regenerative medicine.
Influence of silica nanoparticles on cadmium‐induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in human liver HepG2 cells
Authors: Ahamed Maqusood , Akhtar Mohd Javed , Alhadlaq Hisham A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtensive application of amorphous silica nanoparticles (Si NPs) and ubiquitous cadmium (Cd) may increase their chances of coexposure to humans. Studies on combined effects of Si NPs and Cd in human cells are very limited. We investigated the potential mechanism of toxicity caused by coexposure of amorphous Si NPs and Cd in human liver (HepG2) cells. Results showed that Si NPs were not toxic to HepG2. However, Cd induced significant toxicity in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, we observed that a noncytotoxic concentration of Si NPs potentiated the cytotoxicity of Cd in HepG2 cells. We further noticed that coexposure of Si NPs and Cd augmented oxidative stress evidenced by the generation of oxidants (reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxidation) and depletion of antioxidants (glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activity). Coexposure of Si NPs and Cd also augmented mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells indicated by altered regulation of apoptotic genes (p53, bax, bcl‐2, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9) along with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Interaction data indicated that Si NPs facilitate the cellular uptake of Cd due to its strong adsorption on the surface of Si NPs. Hence, Si NPs increased the bioaccumulation and toxicity of Cd in HepG2 cells. This study warrants further research to explore the potential mechanisms of combined toxicity of Si NPs and Cd in animal models.
Factorization theory in commutative monoids
Authors: Geroldinger Alfred , Zhong Qinghai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis is a survey on factorization theory. We discuss finitely generated monoids (including affine monoids), primary monoids (including numerical monoids), power sets with set addition, Krull monoids and their various generalizations, and the multiplicative monoids of domains (including Krull domains, rings of integer-valued polynomials, orders in algebraic number fields) and of their ideals. We offer examples for all these classes of monoids and discuss their main arithmetical finiteness properties. These describe the structure of their sets of lengths, of the unions of sets of lengths, and their catenary degrees. We also provide examples where these finiteness properties do not hold.
Simulation of discharge coefficient of side weirs placed on convergent canals using modern self-adaptive extreme learning machine
Authors: Gharib Reza , Heydari Majeid , Kardar Saeid , Shabanlou Saeid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSide weirs are broadly used in irrigation channels, drainage systems and sewage disposal canals for controlling and adjusting the flow in main channels. In this study, a new artificial intelligence model entitled “self-adaptive extreme learning machine” (SAELM) is developed for simulating the discharge coefficient of side weirs located upon rectangular channels. Also, the Monte Carlo simulations are implemented for assessing the abilities of the numerical models. It should be noted that the k-fold cross-validation approach is used for validating the results obtained from the numerical models. Based on the parameters affecting the discharge coefficient, six artificial intelligence models are defined. The examination of the numerical models exhibits that such models simulate the discharge coefficient valued with acceptable accuracy. For instance, mean absolute error and root mean square error for the superior model are computed 0.022 and 0.027, respectively. The best SAELM model predicts the discharge coefficient values in terms of Froude number (Fd), ratio of the side weir height to the downstream depth (w/hd), ratio of the channel width at downstream to the downstream depth (bd/hd) and ratio of the side weir length to the downstream depth (L/hd). Based on the sensitivity analysis results, the Froude number of the side weir downstream is identified as the most influencing input parameter. Lastly, a matrix is presented to estimate the discharge coefficient of side weirs on convergent channels.
Interpreting englacial layer deformation in the presence of complex ice flow history with synthetic radargrams
Authors: Elsworth Cooper W. , Schroeder Dustin M. , Siegfried Matthew R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFast ice flow on the Antarctic continent constitutes much of the mass loss from the ice sheet. However, geophysical methods struggle to constrain ice flow history at depth, or separate the signatures of topography, ice dynamics and basal conditions on layer structure. We develop and demonstrate a methodology to compare layer signatures in multiple airborne radar transects in order to characterize ice flow at depth, or improve coverage of existing radar surveys. We apply this technique to generate synthetic, along-flow radargrams and compare different deformation regimes to observed radargram structure. Specifically, we investigate flow around the central sticky spot of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica. Our study suggests that present-day velocity flowlines are insufficient to characterize flow at depth as expressed in layer geometry, and streaklines provide a better characterization of flow around a basal sticky spot. For Whillans Ice Stream, this suggests that ice flow wraps around the central sticky spot, supported by idealized flow simulations. While tracking isochrone translation and rotation across survey lines is complex, we demonstrate that our approach to combine radargram interpretation and modeling can reveal critical details of past ice flow.
Early parasitic drilling in a rhynchonelliform brachiopodRongatrypa xichuanensisfrom the Katian (Upper Ordovician) of central China
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Luan Xiaocong , Zhan Renbin , Sproat Colin D. , Huang Bing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn example of parasitic drilling in a rhynchonelliform brachiopod is described from the Shiyanhe Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) of Henan, central China. The boring extends into the shell almost perpendicular to the surface. The shell has been serially sectioned, and the trace (including boring and bioclaustration) has been modeled in three dimensions. Healing of the shell evident in serial sections supports a long-term relationship between the brachiopod and borer that we interpret as parasitic. Platyceratid gastropods, found at the same locality as these brachiopods, are the most likely drilling organism. Previous reports of Paleozoic brachiopod parasitic traces can be classified into two main groups, constructive association and destructive association, depending on whether parasites damage brachiopod shells. The example in this study belongs to the second type as the brachiopod shell has been partly damaged by the borer.
Effect of time-restricted feeding on metabolic risk and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome in healthy males
Authors: Zeb Falak , Wu Xiaoyue , Chen Lijun , Fatima Sadia , Haq Ijaz-ul , Chen Aochang , Majeed Fatima , Feng Qing , Li Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTime-restricted feeding (TRF) confers protection against nutritional challenges that predispose obesity and metabolic risks through involvement of circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput genes and gut microbiome, but the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of TRF on metabolic markers and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiota in healthy males. Two groups (TRF, n 56; non-TRF, n 24) of male adults were enrolled. The TRF group provided blood at pre-TRF and post-TRF, while non-TRF one time after 25 d of trial. Serum lipid and liver profiles were determined. Real time-PCR was applied for circadian and inflammatory gene expression. The 16S rRNA genes were sequenced on the Illumina Miseq v3 platform to comprehensively catalogue the composition and abundance of bacteria in stool. We showed that TRF ameliorated the serum lipid and liver profiles of the individuals. In the TRF group, gut microbial richness was significantly enhanced, with enrichment of Prevotellaceae and Bacteroideaceae. TRF enhanced circadian gene expression probably by activation of sirtuin-1, which is positively associated with gut microbiome richness. TRF could be a safe remedy for the prevention of metabolic diseases related to dyslipidaemia, as it regulates circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome modulation.
Is unintended birth associated with physical intimate partner violence? Evidence from India
Authors: Goli Srinivas , Gautam Abhishek , Rana Md Juel , Ram Harchand , Ganguly Dibyasree , Reja Tamal , Nanda Priya , Datta Nitin , Verma Ravi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA growing number of studies have tested the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and the unintendedness of pregnancy or birth, and most have suggested that unintendedness of pregnancy is a cause of IPV. However, about nine in every ten women face violence after delivering their first baby. This study examined the effects of the intendedness of births on physical IPV using data from the National Family Health Survey (2015–16). The multivariate logistic regression model analysis found that, compared with women with no unwanted births (2.9%), physical IPV was higher among those women who had unwanted births (6.9%, p<0.001), followed by those who had mistimed births (4.4 %, p<0.001), even after adjusting for several women’s individual and socioeconomic characteristics. Thus, the reduction of women with mistimed and unwanted births could reduce physical IPV in India. The study highlights the unfinished agenda of family planning in the country and argues for the need to integrate family planning and Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health Care (RMNCH) services to yield multi-sectoral outcomes, including the elimination of IPV.