bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic assessment of concomitant intraarticular pathologies in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Serong Sebastian , Haubold Johannes , Theysohn Jens , Landgraeber Stefan 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
This study's purpose is to arthroscopically assess the occurrence of intraarticular pathologies in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (OFNH) and to compare arthroscopic with radiologic findings. In a retrospective cohort analysis of ONFH patients undergoing combined core decompression (CD) and hip arthroscopy, concomitant intraarticular pathologies were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by means of arthroscopy. Intraoperative findings were compared with preoperative radiodiagnostics. Descriptive statistics were performed with results displaying type, degree and prevalence of co-pathologies. Based on a cohort of 27 hips with ONFH at ARCO stages II and III, 26 (96.3%) presented with concomitant intraarticular findings. Cam-deformity (n = 22; 81.5%), labral defects (n = 23; 85.2%) and chondral defects (n = 20; 74.1%) were the most frequent. Four hips (14.8%) had foveal ligament anomalies. Intraoperative detection of cam-deformity positively correlated with radiologically assessed pathologic α angles (p = 0.09). Radiologic evaluation of the acetabular labrum distinctly differed from arthroscopic findings. Reliable statements concerning the cartilage status were not possible due to the great difference in quality of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). The results of this study revealed an arthroscopically proven prevalence of co-pathologies in &gt;95% of patients with ONFH. Cam-type deformity, labral anomalies and chondral defects were the most frequent. Comparison of arthroscopic and radiologic findings showed coherent results regarding cam-deformity but revealed distinct difficulties in the assessment of the labral and chondral status emphasizing the need for standardization of preoperative radiodiagnostics. Moreover, it still has to be evaluated whether combined CD and arthroscopy can improve on the overall outcomes achieved by performance of CD only.
Enhanced neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation to support separation of craniopagus twins
Authors: Rufai Sohaib R , Gore Sri , Handley Sian E , Marmoy Oliver R , Ong Juling , Dunaway David J , Jeelani Noor ul Owase 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCraniopagus conjoined twins are extraordinarily rare and present unique challenges to the multidisciplinary team. There is a paucity of literature on optimizing neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation in craniopagus twins. Herein, we present our enhanced neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation and management in 17-month-old male craniopagus twins, uniquely using handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) plus portable slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and modified forced-choice preferential looking assessment. Staged surgical separation was supported by enhanced neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation, detailed radiology, three-dimensional printing and virtual reality simulation. This represents the fourth separation of craniopagus twins by our unit.
Rethinking Sonata Failure: Mendelssohn’s OvertureZum Märchen von der schönen Melusine
Authors: Horton Julian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article counterpoints James Hepokoski’s notion of sonata failure (Hepokoski 2002; Hepokoski and Darcy 2006) and the concept of “becoming” advocated by Janet Schmalfeldt (2011) as analytical tools in the developing field of Romantic Formenlehre. Taking Mendelssohn’s overture Zum Märchen von der schönen Melusine as a case study, it develops a taxonomy of process for Romantic form, which is applied to arbitrate failure and becoming as contrasted aspects of the overture’s construction. I theorize the work’s processes as participants in an overarching processual network interacting with syntax and voice leading to generate a characteristically dialectical idea of sonata form, which unsettles traditional perceptions of Mendelssohn as a regressive classicist.
A service evaluation of an occupational health Covid-19 referral pathway
Authors: Napier J , Zhou A Y , Moore J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
A rapid management referral pathway was established by a private UK occupational health (OH) provider to offer assessments and advice on managing individual risk relating to Covid-19 in the workplace.

Aims
The aim of this service evaluation was to assess the utilization and effectiveness of the pathway in supporting referrers during a pandemic.

Methods
Referrals between March–August 2020 were analysed by date and industry to assess service utilization. A survey was sent to a convenience sample of referrers throughout this period, requesting feedback on whether the report led to a change in how the worker was managed, and whether it increased referrer confidence in managing the worker.

Results
Five hundred and seventy referrals were made, predominantly from wholesale and retail; professional, scientific and technical; and food and drink production. There was a small peak of referrals from manufacturing in April and a larger peak in July–August from wholesale and retail, and food and drink production. Of 166 surveys sent, 58 were completed (35% response rate). In 71% of cases, referrers indicated that the report led to change in how the worker was managed, and in 86% of cases, referrers reported being more confident in managing the worker.

Conclusions
The pathway was well-utilized. OH assessments and advice have an important role to play in a pandemic, with useful impact on how workers are managed and how confident managers feel in managing workers.
Social Exclusion among African Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Saasa Sherinah , Allen J Lloyd 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch suggests exclusionary mechanisms fostering negative socioeconomic outcomes for African immigrants. This study explored predictors of social exclusion among immigrants from African countries living in the United States. The authors examined four dimensions of social exclusion that entail social–cultural and structural–economic exclusion. Authors used structural equation modeling to analyze cross-sectional survey data from first- and second-generation African immigrants across the United States (N = 409). Findings highlighted the negative effects of discrimination on all four dimensions of social exclusion. In addition, higher levels of education were associated with higher levels of social–cultural exclusion, whereas higher levels of income were protective from social and structural–economic exclusion. Authors also found health status, religion, race, and immigrant generation to have significant effects on social exclusion. Study findings have important implications for social workers seeking to identify and prevent exclusionary mechanisms and practices affecting African immigrants in the United States.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga with Incarcerated Females: Impacts on Emotion Regulation, Body Dissociation, and Warnings of Substance Relapse
Authors: Willy-Gravley Samantha , Beauchemin James , Pirie Phyllis , Gomes Alexandra , Klein Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMental health and substance abuse challenges are widespread among incarcerated populations, often coupled with complicated histories of abuse, trauma, and other psychological problems. Traditional treatments have largely consisted of psychological or pharmaceutical interventions. However, the implementation, effectiveness, and financial burden of traditional interventions have led to exploration into alternative approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a six-week yoga intervention on body dissociation, emotion regulation, and signs of substance relapse among incarcerated females. Participants were assigned to an intervention group, therapeutic community, or general population control group. This study conceptualized body awareness and emotional regulation as mechanisms of change and hypothesized that improvements in these constructs would ultimately lead to improved signs of substance use relapse scores as compared with the wait-listed control and comparison groups. An analysis of covariance revealed significant differences in warnings of relapse (p &lt; .01), emotion regulation (p &lt; .01), and body dissociation (p &lt; .05). Paired samples t tests revealed significant change from pre- to posttest for the intervention group across all outcome variables. Findings suggest that yoga may be an effective integrative treatment for mental health and substance use challenges among incarcerated females.
Understanding ‘Detriment’ in Common Intention Constructive Trusts: Case Note on O’Neill v Holland [2020] EWCA Civ 1583, 2020 WL 06997189
Authors: Matos Shaun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In O’Neill v Holland, the Court of Appeal was asked to clarify what qualified as ‘detriment’ for the purposes of establishing a common intention constructive trust. Although the case provides some clarity on ‘lost gains’, it did not resolve the main question of whether it is possible for a Claimant to rely on the detriment of another.
Factors associated with Chikungunya infection in a cohort of women aged 15–39 y in Fortaleza, Brazil
Authors: Correia Francisco , Kerr Ligia , Frota Cristiane , Barreto Ivana , Almeida Rosa , Pamplona Luciano , Araújo Larissa , Myiajima Fábio , Lima Shirlene , Araújo Fernanda , Simões Leda , Júnior Francisco , Martins Adriano , Dias Livia , Alcântara Ilka , Silva Ana , Sanhueza Carlos , Ribeiro Marco , Teixeira Maria , Meyer Anya , Júnior José , Vasconcelos Lucas , Sousa Paulo , Saraiva Susy , Wesson Dawn , Kendall Carl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Outbreaks of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) occurred in Brazil during 2015–2017. Fortaleza was the city that reported the most cases.

Methods
The first round of a cohort study was conducted among women aged 15–39 y in Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2018 (Zika in Fortaleza). We collected sera to detect CHIKV IgG and IgM antibodies. Factors for CHIKV infection were identified using a Poisson regression model.

Results
We evaluated 1466 serum samples and 13.8% and 37.2% of women were found positive for CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies, respectively. Living with more than four others in the same house and having an abandoned house nearby were associated with CHIKV infection. Being currently pregnant was associated with a decreased probability of CHIKV infection, which was also associated with pregnant women reporting using more repellent, both inside and outside the house, than non-pregnant women.

Conclusions
Crowding in households and abandoned houses nearby can increase potential transmission. Policies providing better living conditions and regulation of abandoned sites and buildings are necessary to control the mosquito population. Programmes providing repellant at low or no cost to pregnant women should be implemented in the neighbourhoods where arbovirus infections are endemic.
Association of Outpatient Cancer Rehabilitation With Patient-Reported Outcomes and Performance-Based Measures of Function
Authors: Pergolotti Mackenzi , Covington Kelley R. , Lightner Ashley N. , Bertram Jessica , Thess Melissa , Sharp Julia , Spraker Matthew , Williams Grant R. , Manning Peter 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose/Objective:
Evidence supporting the effect of community-based cancer-specific physical and occupational therapy (PT/OT) services on cancer-related disability is limited. We examined the effect of community-based outpatient cancer-specific PT/OT for performance-based and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for adults with cancer.

Methods:
This retrospective, pre/posttreatment study included 185 adults seen for cancer rehabilitation (PT/OT). Demographic and clinical data were patient-reported. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures included global physical health (GPH) and global mental health (GMH) scale (10 item); physical function (PF; 4-item), and ability to participate in social roles and activities (SRA; 4-item). Performance-based measures included hand grip strength (HGS) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate patient characteristics, paired-samples t test to compare scores pre- and post-PT/OT, and independent-samples t test to compare the mean change for all outcomes between patients in the active and posttreatment groups.

Results:
Patients were predominantly female (n = 137; 75%), were 41 to 65 years old (n = 99; 57%). The majority had been diagnosed with breast (n = 98; 53%) cancer. Most (n = 115; 62.2%) patients completed at least one follow-up evaluation over 6 ± 4.5 weeks. A significant effect (P < .05; Cohen d = 0.21-0.35) was observed for GPH, SRA, HGS, and TUG test. There was no difference in average effect between the active and posttreatment groups.

Conclusions:
Community-based cancer-specific PT/OT has a significant effect on the functioning and participation of adults with cancer.

Implications for Cancer Survivors:
Community-based cancer rehabilitation services may benefit cancer survivors' functioning and health-related quality of life across the cancer continuum.
Aquatic Therapy Reduces Pain and Fatigue in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barbagelata Karsten , Eadi Jacqueline , McNamara Marissa , Sayles Melissa , Smith James M. 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose:
Pain and cancer-related fatigue (CRF) are impairments from breast cancer or the medical and surgical therapies for breast cancer. Aquatic therapy has been found to be effective for the problems of pain and CRF. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether aquatic therapy reduced pain and CRF among people with breast cancer and to identify any elements of aquatic therapy associated with those effects.

Methods:
The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO, and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards were followed. Four databases were searched, and studies were selected on the basis of predetermined criteria. Data were extracted into a template for analysis and thematic synthesis. Measures of methodological quality (risk of bias) and level of evidence were applied.

Results:
Six studies involving 137 subjects who received treatment were included. Subjects received aquatic therapy (water-based exercise for rehabilitation) that was compared with various land-based interventions. Studies were evaluated with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine—Levels of Evidence for Therapy/Prevention Studies Rating Scale, and all studies had a high or acceptable level of evidence. Studies were evaluated with the APTA Critical Appraisal Tool for Experimental Intervention Studies, and 5 studies had a high or acceptable quality. High-quality evidence supported the use of aquatic therapy for reducing CRF, and acceptable quality evidence supported the use of aquatic therapy for reducing pain. Adverse responses to aquatic therapy were minor symptoms that resolved within days and had no effect on attrition.

Limitations:
Searches were limited to publications in English. Analysis was confounded by heterogeneity of pain measures.

Conclusions:
Aquatic therapy is recommended as an intervention for the impairments of pain and CRF associated with breast cancer. Aquatic therapy is safe and feasible for this population.
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and asthma treatment adherence
Authors: Butler Claire A. , Heaney Liam G. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Despite increased clinician awareness, nonadherence to inhaled corticosteroid treatment presents a major challenge to successful asthma management and risks inappropriate treatment escalation, particularly in severe disease. In patients with Type-2 mediated biology, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has a role in assessment and monitoring of adherence to inhaled corticosteroids.

Recent findings
Asthmatic patients with elevated FeNO are at an increased risk of exacerbation. High FeNO is often secondary to suboptimal adherence to inhaled corticosteroid treatment, whether intentional or nonintentional. FENO-suppression can ‘unmask’ underlying adherence issues and is a useful test in the presence of Type-2 biology in the ‘difficult-to-control’ asthma population. Identification of nonadherence can improve asthma control and prevent inappropriate commencement of costly biologic therapies.

Summary
Assessment of adherence and FeNO response to monitored inhaled corticosteroid in Type-2 biomarker high asthmatic individuals may prevent unnecessary escalation to biologic therapy. Establishing an ‘optimised’ FeNO may alert clinicians to the possibility of underlying nonadherence at future clinical assessments.
Safety and Effectiveness of Autologous Fat Grafting after Breast Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Yujie , Li Guangxue 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of autologous fat grafting after radiotherapy.

Methods:
All studies published before December of 2019 were collected by searching on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data. After independently screening the studies and extracting the data, Stata was applied to perform meta-analysis.

Results:
Seventeen qualified articles were eventually included, involving a total of 1658 patients, of which 1555 underwent autologous fat grafting. Overall, empirically from the data, the use of autologous fat grafting after radiotherapy does not increase the incidence of complications or the risk of tumor recurrence. Through statistical analysis, the authors found that 152 patients suffered complications after undergoing autologous fat grafting [152 of 1555 (9.8 percent)]; 72 patients suffered complications after undergoing postradiotherapy autologous fat grafting [72 of 1040 (6.9 percent)], including seven cases of tumor recurrence [seven of 1040 (0.7 percent)]; and 80 patients suffered complications after undergoing autologous fat grafting without radiotherapy [80 of 515 (15.5 percent)], including seven cases of tumor recurrence [seven of 515 (1.4 percent)]. The authors also found that 970 of 1040 patients (93.3 percent) were satisfied with the results of postradiotherapy autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction.

Conclusions:
This study has provided an evidence-based conclusion supporting the use of autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction after radiotherapy. Autologous fat grafting can effectively correct breast deformity and contracture caused by breast-conserving therapy and radiotherapy and increase patient satisfaction without increasing the rate of tumor recurrence.
Study Comparing Platform Wound Dressing, a Negative-Pressure Device without a Filler, with Three Conventional Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy Systems in the Treatment of Excisional and Incisional Wounds
Authors: Nuutila Kristo , Broomhead Michael , Proppe Karl , Eriksson Elof 
Published: December 2020

Background:
All common negative-pressure wound therapy systems include a material, usually foam or gauze, at the wound/device interface. In this preclinical study, the authors have compared the effects on different wound healing parameters in the three most common negative-pressure wound therapy systems (i.e., V.A.C.VIA, PREVENA, and PICO) with a new device without foam or gauze (i.e., Platform Wound Dressing). A strong effort was made to avoid bias. The study was conducted under good laboratory practice conditions, with the presence of an independent observer.

Methods:
In pigs, three types of wounds were studied: full-thickness excisions, open incisions, and sutured closed incisions. Several macroscopic and microscopic parameters were studied. The pigs were euthanized on day 9 and all wounds were processed for histology and excisions for immunohistochemistry.

Results:
In general, the devices produced similar results, with only a few significant differences. In the excisions, the Platform Wound Dressing reduced wound area more than the V.A.C.VIA and the PICO. In the excisional wounds, reepithelialization was the same. In open incisions, PREVENA was better than the Platform Wound Dressing. Histologic examination showed that, in open incisions, there was less inflammation in the PREVENA-treated in comparison with the Platform Wound Dressing– and the PICO-treated wounds. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the Platform Wound Dressing–treated excisions had significantly more blood vessels (von Willebrand factor) than the V.A.C.VIA-treated ones and that the PICO caused less T-cell activation (CD3) than the other two.

Conclusion:
The devices—with foam, with gauze, or without either and just an embossed membrane—performed equally in general.
Craniofacial and Long Bone Development in the Context of Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Shah Harsh N. , Jones Ruth E. , Borrelli Mimi R. , Robertson Kiana , Salhotra Ankit , Wan Derrick C. , Longaker Michael T. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Bone retains regenerative potential into adulthood, and surgeons harness this plasticity during distraction osteogenesis. The underlying biology governing bone development, repair, and regeneration is divergent between the craniofacial and appendicular skeleton. Each type of bone formation is characterized by unique molecular signaling and cellular behavior. Recent discoveries have elucidated the cellular and genetic processes underlying skeletal development and regeneration, providing an opportunity to couple biological and clinical knowledge to improve patient care.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature review of basic and clinical literature regarding craniofacial and long bone development, regeneration, and distraction osteogenesis was performed.

Results:
The current understanding in craniofacial and long bone development and regeneration is discussed, and clinical considerations for the respective distraction osteogenesis procedures are presented.

Conclusions:
Distraction osteogenesis is a powerful tool to regenerate bone and thus address a number of craniofacial and appendicular skeletal deficiencies. The molecular mechanisms underlying bone regeneration, however, remain elusive. Recent work has determined that embryologic morphogen gradients constitute important signals during regeneration. In addition, striking discoveries have illuminated the cellular processes underlying mandibular regeneration during distraction osteogenesis, showing that skeletal stem cells reactivate embryologic neural crest transcriptomic processes to carry out bone formation during regeneration. Furthermore, innovative adjuvant therapies to complement distraction osteogenesis use biological processes active in embryogenesis and regeneration. Additional research is needed to further characterize the underlying cellular mechanisms responsible for improved bone formation through adjuvant therapies and the role skeletal stem cells play during regeneration.