bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urine treatment by solar disinfection for agriculture reuse purpose in a poor rural context: case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Sangare Drissa , Brou Alexis L. , Sou/dakoure Mariam , Tagro Patricia V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to reduce the storage time of urine treatment and assess the quality of treated urine following the Solar DISinfection (SODIS) method. Microbiological analyses were performed on urine samples taken before each sunlight exposure, between 10am and 4pm at a frequency of 1 h, during which temperature was measured in PET bottles (1.5 L). The initial concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in unstored urine were 106 and 103 CFU/100 mL respectively. The combined effect of temperature and UV radiation increased inactivation efficiency of E. coli at 5 log units. On the other hand, 98% of Salmonella were inactivated in less than 3 h of continuous exposure between 12am and 3pm with temperature varying between 50 and 65 °C in PET bottles. The k values showed that the inactivation rate of Salmonella tested was accelerated when the temperature was above 50 °C. Then, the results indicated that the first-order exponential decay model was the best method to predict the inactivation of Salmonella in urine by SODIS. General results showed that after 3 days of exposure to sunlight, urine collected via eco-toilet becomes bacteriologically sanitized and therefore can be used in agriculture.
A conceptual framework modeling of functional microbial communities in wastewater treatment electro-bioreactors
Authors: ElNaker Nancy A. , Sallam Abdelsattar M. , El-Sayed El-Sayed M. , El Ghandoor H. , Talaat M. S. , Yousef Ahmed F. , Hasan Shadi W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the microbial ecology of a system allows linking members of the community and their metabolic functions to the performance of the wastewater bioreactor. This study provided a comprehensive conceptual framework for microbial communities in wastewater treatment electro-bioreactors (EBRs). The model was based on data acquired from monitoring the effect of altering different bioreactor operational parameters, such as current density and hydraulic retention time, on the microbial communities of an EBR and its nutrient removal efficiency. The model was also based on the 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data analysis and bioreactor efficiency data. The collective data clearly demonstrated that applying various electric currents affected the microbial community composition and stability and the reactor efficiency in terms of chemical oxygen demand, N and P removals. Moreover, a schematic that recommends operating conditions that are tailored to the type of wastewater that needs to be treated based on the functional microbial communities enriched at specific operating conditions was suggested. In this study, a conceptual model as a simplified representation of the behavior of microbial communities in EBRs was developed. The proposed conceptual model can be used to predict how biological treatment of wastewater in EBRs can be improved by varying several operating conditions.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approaches to Investigating the Mechanism of Action of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress-induced Diseases
Authors: Zhao Rong , Zhang Meng-Meng , Wang Dan , Peng Wei , Zhang Qing , Liu Jia , Ai Li , Wu Chun-Jie 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,
has been reported to possess therapeutic effects on diseases induced by oxidative stress (DOS),
such as atherosclerosis and diabetes complication. However, the active components and their
related mechanisms are still not systematically reported.

Objective:
The current study was aimed to explore the main active ingredients and its molecular mechanisms of Z.
bungeanum for treating DOS using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking simulation.

Methods:
The active components of Z. bungeanum pericarps, in addition to the interacting targets,
were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database.
These components were filtered using the parameters of oral bioavailability and drug-likeness, and
the targets related to DOS were obtained from the Genecards and OMIM database. Furthermore, the
overlapping genes were obtained, and a protein-protein interaction was visualized using the STRING
database. Next, the Cytoscape software was employed to build a disease/drug/component/target
network, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway
enrichment analysis were performed using R software. Finally, the potential active compounds and
their related targets were validated using molecular docking technology.

Results:
A total of 61 active compounds, 280 intersection genes, and 105 signaling pathways were
obtained. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that DOS occurs possibly through the
regulation of many biological pathways, such as AGE-RAGE and HIF-1 signaling pathways.
Thirty of the identical target genes showed obvious compact relationships with others in the
STRING analysis. Three active compounds, quercetin, diosmetin, and beta-sitosterol, interacting
with the four key targets, exhibited strong affinities.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study not only indicate the main mechanisms involving in the oxidative stress-induced diseases,
but also provide the basis for further research on the active components of Z. bungeanum for treating DOS.
Iranian Herbal Medicines Against Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salimikia Iraj , Hakami Marzieh , Shahmoradi Mohammad Kazem 
Published: November 2020

Background:
In recent years, more attention has been focused in the practice of both crude
extract of medicinal plants, and the screening plant-derived compounds as substitute scolicidal agents
during hydatid cyst surgery. The present study was designed to review the protoscolicidal effects of
some Iranian herbal medicines against hydatid cyst protoscoleces.

Methods:
English databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, Science
Direct, and Scopus were searched for publications worldwide related to protoscolicidal effects of Iranian
herbal medicines without date limitation so that identify all published articles (in vitro, in vivo,
clinical and case-control) have studied. Keywords included “Protoscolicidal”, “Scolicidal”, “Herbal
medicines”, “Extract”, “Essential oil”, “Plant”, “In vitro”, and “Iran”. Moreover, the language of data
collection was limited to English.

Results:
In total, 40 papers up to 2020 were included in the present systematic review. The most studies
were conducted on protoscolicidal activity of methanolic extracts (17 studies) followed by essential
oils (15 studies), and aqueous extract (3 studies). The most commonly used part of herbs were leaves
(21 herbs), seeds (8 herbs), and fruit (6 herbs), respectively. Moreover, the most prevalent herbal family
was Lamiaceae (6 studies), followed by Apiaceae (5 studies) and Liliaceae (5 studies).

Conclusion:
Considering the high efficacy of Iranian herbal medicines against hydatid cyst protoscoleces,
it can be concluded that Iranian herbal medicines have ability to consider as new alternative
protoscolicidal agents during hydatid cyst surgery; however, more clinical studies are required to discover
the precise protoscolicida activity of Iranian medicines in animal and human subjects.
Clinical Spectrum, Geographical Variability of COVID-19, and its Implications
Authors: Siam Md. Hasanul Banna , Al Mosabbir Abdullah , Nishat Nahida Hannan , Ahmed Ahsan , Hossain Mohammad Sorowar 
Published: November 2020

:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered a worldwide unprecedented
public health crisis. Initially, COVID-19 was considered a disease of the respiratory
system, as fever and at least one respiratory symptom was used to identify a suspected COVID-19
case. But there are now numerous reports of COVID-19 patients presenting with myriads of extrapulmonary
symptoms, however, a substantial number of patients are asymptomatic. Additionally,
there are significant clinical and epidemiological variations of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection across different geographical locations. The updated research,
thus, challenges the existing surveillance system that is mainly based on fever and respiratory
symptoms. As countries are coming out of lockdown to save economic fallout, a revised surveillance
strategy is required to effectively identify and isolate the infected patients. Besides, since developing
countries are becoming the new epicenters of pandemic and there are limited resources
for RT-PCR based tests, documenting the clinical spectrum can play a vital role in the syndromic
clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. A plethora of atypical symptoms also aids in guiding better treatment
and remains as a source for further research. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the common
and uncommon clinical manifestations of SARS-COV-2 infection and its variability across different
geographic regions.
Gestión de la calidad en un GAD municipal: un modelo para su aplicación
Authors: Ochoa Crespo Juan Diego , Ochoa Crespo Cristian Manuel , Ormaza Andrade Jorge Edwin , Ramírez Valarezo Carlos Fabián 
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo analiza la gestión de la calidad en instituciones públicas en Ecuador, específicamente en los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados Cantonales (GAD), en aras de establecer un modelo que permita hacer frente a problemáticas comunes. Desde la perspectiva metodológica, se parte de un rastreo bibliográfico a partir del año 2013 hasta el año 2018 en el contexto de América Latina, en bases de datos especializadas, con la finalidad de identificar elementos vinculados con la aplicación de modelos de gestión de la calidad enfocado a instituciones del sector público. La idea de todo esto es encontrar elementos que permitan conformar un modelo de gestión de calidad que permitan alcanzar una certificación de calidad en el ámbito público. En consecuencia, se estudiaron 4 modelos de gestión de la calidad, a partir de los cuales se estableció una propuesta que recoge una serie de indicadores que permiten medir el nivel de la calidad en este tipo de instituciones enfocado a la satisfacción plena de las necesidades de la sociedad.
Política de Desenvolvimento e Escola
Authors: Omegna Nelson 
Published: November 2020

À Escola cabe alto papel no processo de desenvolvimento. A tentação, porem, dos pioneiros dessa política, nos países subdesenvolvidos, é diminuir a sua importância. Prefere-se realizar indústrias, vias de comunicações, usinas. Com isso se julga ter o melhor, o mais urgente. Diversas razões levam a esse erro.
Comentario al amparo directo en revisión resuelto por la SCJN: 4865/2018
Authors: Polanco Polanco Adrián 
Published: November 2020

La resolución que se analiza establece restricciones al derecho de libertad de expresión para los mexicanos, la misma se centra en resolver si el uso de una cruz gama alemana en un tatuaje atrás de la oreja de un trabajador puede ser permitido o tolerado por el ente patronal. El fallo aquí analizado debe ser discutido ampliamente por constitucionalistas, procesalistas, estudiosos de los derechos humanos y por la población en general, para ir construyendo una teoría de la libertad de expresión que puedan aplicar los tribunales de nuestro país.
El derecho al medio ambiente sano como Derecho Humano de carácter fundamental
Authors: Vivas Lloreda William Yeffer 
Published: November 2020

La visión antropocéntrica de la naturaleza, que había sido dominante en las legislaciones de muchos países, donde la naturaleza se tenía como objeto, ha perdido fuerza, para imponerse la visión ecocéntrica, donde la naturaleza pasa a ser sujeto de derecho, nos lleva a concluir que el ambiente sano es un derecho humano autónomo de carácter fundamental necesario para el mantenimiento y conservación de la vida del ser humano; en este artículo se hace un análisis sobre la naturaleza como sujeto de derecho, su importancia en la vida humana y la necesidad de conservación para la generaciones futuras.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Olahan Aneka Kue Berbasis Tepung Pisang Di Kelurahan Lambara Kota Palu
Authors: Rahman Nurdin , Bohari Bohari , Ariani Ariani 
Published: November 2020

Sampai saat ini umumnya pemanfaatan pisang hanya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar ataupun direbus hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan tentang pengolahan makanan kecil berbahan dasar pisang khusus kaum perempuan dan kader kesehatan di Kelurahan Lambara, Kota Palu. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta dalam pembuatan aneka kue berbasis tepung pisang, memberikan ketrampilan cara pembuatan aneka kue berbasis pisang, memberikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan cara menghitung nilai gizi, biaya produksi dan harga jualnya untuk dipasarkan. Manfaat dari yang dicapai dalam kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah peserta dapat mengetahui cara membuat aneka kue berbasis pisang untuk menjadi makanan yang lebih menarik dan bervariatif, peserta memiliki keterampilan pembuatan aneka kue berbasis pisang untuk menjadi kue yang lebih menarik dan bervariatif, dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat yang berdampak pada peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga di Kelurahan Lambara Kota Palu. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah: 1) Metode ceramah : digunakan untuk menjelaskan materi tentang macam-macam pegolahan kue berbasis pisang. 2) Metode Praktek : digunakan untuk mempraktekkan macam-macam kue berbasis pisang. 3) Metode Diskusi : Dilakukan setelaj kegiatan selesai kegiatan pelatihan untuk mengetahui respon peserta. Peserta dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah kader kesehatan di Kelurahan Lambara Kota Palu. Jenis kue yang akan dipraktekkan adalah Kue bolu tepung pisang, Cookies tepung pisang, Bubur balita, Pan cake. Hasil kegiatan yaitu para peserta berhasil membuat brownis dan cookies tepung pisang, serta mendapatkan informasi nilai gizi dan nilia ekonomi dari kue yang dibuat
Pemanfaatan Nira Aren Sebagai Bahan Baku Etanol Dalam Pembuatan Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Adrianton Adrianton , Hasanuddin M. Rusydi , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin 
Published: November 2020

Kebutuhan akan etanol (alkohol) dalam pembuatan cairan pencuci tangan (Hand Sanitizer) terus meningkat seirig wabah Virus Corona (Covid-19) yang belum juga mereda. Permintaan sangat tinggi sedangkan stok terbatas yang membuat masyarakat kesulitan untuk menemukan walaupun dipasaran ada tapi harganya cukup mahal, sehingga diperlukan bahan baku etanol alternatif yang dapat digunakan dan tersedia disekitar kita. Salah satu produk diversifikasi yang dapat dikembangkan adalah pohon aren yang menghasilkan etanol (alkohol) dari proses fermentasi (alami maupun buatan dengan tambahan ragi) dan destilasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian adalah ceramah/penyuluhan (koordinasi, sosialisasi dan penyadaran), praktik/pelatihan yang dilanjutkan dengan penerapan teknologi dan pendampingan tentang teknologi pengolahan nira aren secara terkendali menjadi Alkohol teknis dengan konsentrasi tinggi dan pembuatan Hand Sanitizer. Hasil Penyuluhan; yang telah dilaksanakan, di dapatkan data tentang 22 anggota mitra petani aren didominasi laki-laki 90,91%, dengan tingkat pendidikan tertinggi SMP 36,36%, umur petani produktif antara 40 – 60 tahun sebesar 54,55%, lahan yang digunaan sebagai usaha adalah lahan milik sendiri dan kondisi tanaman dipelihara dengan baik 45,45%, produk yang dihasilkan 54,55% adalah gula merah dan 22,73% adalah produk Cap tikus/nira aren. Pada Praktik/Pelatihan; dilakukan pembuatan etanol/alkohol dari nira aren secara konvensional dengan kadar alkohol ≤25% (minuman cap tikus) sebanyak 20 Liter, kemudian dilakukan redestilasi untuk mendapatkan etanol teknis dengan kadar etanol di atas 80% sebanyak 9 Liter, lalu dibuat Hand Sanitizer bentuk Spray dan Gel sebanyak 100 botol. Proses Pendampingan; memberikan pengetahuan tentang teknik pemamfaatan nira aren untuk menghasilkan alkohol yang berkadar tinggi dengan teknik metode destilasi yang benar serta tingkat kebersihan produk untuk menjaga kualitasnya
FROM FORMALIZATION OF SHARIA TO ISLAMIC CONSERVATISM: THE POST REFORM OF ISLAMIC MOVEMENT PHENOMENA IN WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Zulfadli Zulfadli , Anggraini Dewi , Fajri Mhd 
Published: November 2020

This study tries to explain the phenomenon of strengthening of the Islamic conservatism movement, in post Reform of the West Sumatera political context. Soon after the enforcement of the Regional Autonomy Law, various Islamic movements in West Sumatra have massively emerged with various models and issues of the movement. Based on a qualitative approach, wherein the data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations and documentation related to various activities of the Islamic movement in West Sumatra, the results f this show that there has been shifting pattern of its movements; from initially oriented towards the efforts to formalize Islamic sharia, towards Islamic conservatism. The movements, where it’s based on religion or custom, which previously were more oriented towards the enforcement of Islamic Sharia legal-formally, later tends to become more socio-cultural movement oriented towards strengthening political identity.
Prototyping Artificial Intelligent Classifiers using Deep Learning
Authors: Chege Herman Njoroge 
Published: November 2020

Point 1: Deep learning algorithms are revolutionizing how
hypothesis generation, pattern recognition, and prediction occurs in the
sciences. In the life sciences, particularly biology and its subfields,
the use of deep learning is slowly but steadily increasing. However,
prototyping or development of tools for practical applications remains
in the domain of experienced coders. Furthermore, many tools can be
quite costly and difficult to put together without expertise in
Artificial intelligence (AI) computing.
Point 2: We built a biological species classifier that
leverages existing open-source tools and libraries. We designed the
corresponding tutorial for users with basic skills in python and a
small, but well-curated image dataset. We included annotated code in
form of a Jupyter Notebook that can be adapted to any image dataset,
ranging from satellite images, animals to bacteria. The prototype
developer is publicly available and can be adapted for citizen science
as well as other applications not envisioned in this paper.
Point 3: We illustrate our approach with a case study of 219
images of 3 three seastar species. We show that with minimal parameter
tuning of the AI pipeline we can create a classifier with superior
accuracy. We include additional approaches to understand the
misclassified images and to curate the dataset to increase accuracy.
Point 4: The power of AI approaches is becoming increasingly
accessible. We can now readily build and prototype species classifiers
that can have a great impact on research that requires species
identification and other types of image analysis. Such tools have
implications for citizen science, biodiversity monitoring, and a wide
range of ecological applications.
Audit Opinion Prediction: A Comparison of Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Saeedi Ali 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This study compares the ability of four data-mining techniques in the prediction of audit opinions on companies' financial statements. The research data consists of 37,325 firm-year observations for companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), and the NASDAQ from 2001 to 2017. The dataset consists of U.S. companies' various financial and non-financial variables. This study uses Decision Trees (DT), Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), and Rough Sets (RS) to develop the prediction models. While all models developed by these four techniques predict the audit opinions with relatively high accuracy, the SVM models developed by the RBF kernel demonstrate the highest performance in terms of overall prediction accuracy rates and Type I and Type II errors. The results indicate that all models developed using different algorithms demonstrate their highest performance in predicting going-concern modifications, ranging from 84.2 to 100 percent.
JEL Classifications: M42.
Effect of Seed Pre- Germination Treatment and Light Regimes on The Germination and Growth of Myrianthus Arboreus (P. Beauv) Seedlings
Authors: Oboho E. G. , Omaku F. F. , Anozie E. L. 
Published: November 2020

The effects of seed pre-treatment methods on the germination and growth of Myrianthus arboreus under two light regimes was conducted in the nursery of the Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, University of Benin, Benin City. The seed pre-treatment methods were 24 hours soaking in water (T1), 12 hours soaking in water (T2), seeds tied in black nylon (T3), control no treatment (T4) and repeated under two light regimes which were open light regime and medium light regime. Experiment was set up in Completely Randomized Design manner (CRD.) Analysis of variance was used to analyze the results of germination and growth parameters measured.
Germination percentages in the open light regime were 52, 56, 52 and 56% for T1, T2,T3, and T4 respectively while germination percentage in the medium light regime were 100, 64, 0 and 32% for T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. The mean shoot heights (cm) were 10.22 and 5.36 in the open light regime and medium light regime respectively. Collar girths (mm) were 1.99 and 1.11 number of leaves were 3.39 and 2.23 while the mean shoot to root ratio was 1.01 and 0.99 for the open light regime and the medium light regime respectively.
Therefore, it is recommended that the seeds of Myrianthus arboreus be soaked in water for 24 hours, sown under medium transferred at the 2-leaf stage to the open light regime (or shading removed) where they will grow until planting out time.
Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Testis Masquerading as Germ Cell Tumor – A Case Report
Authors: Manna Sulagna , Narayana Suma Mysore , Premalata C. S. 
Published: November 2020

Primary pure neuroendocrine tumors of the testis are rare with a high malignant potential requiring long-term follow-up. Only limited number of studies are available in the literature.
In the present study, we describe a case report of a 31 year old young man who presented with a left testicular swelling, initially misdiagnosed as seminoma. Later, after correlating with the morphology and immunohistochemistry the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor of testis was concluded.
Neuroendocrine tumors cases should be kept in long term follow up, to prevent relapse and recurrence.
La violencia institucional como violencia de género: el espectáculo mediático y el caso irlandés
Authors: Maitini José María , Gizzi Jessica Belen 
Published: November 2020

El siguiente escrito analiza críticamente la violencia institucional como violencia de género en el marco de la temática del aborto. El hecho analizado es concreto: un ginecólogo de hospital público recibe a una mujer embarazada producto de una violación y no le permite abortar. En la sentencia se comprobó que R.P. no pudo acceder al aborto cuando la propia víctima había declarado bajo juramento la violación sufrida. Además, se comprobó que el ginecólogo no se encontraba en la lista de “Objetores de Conciencia”. A pesar de ser claros los hechos, en la población se reflejó "la doble postura" existente acerca del tema. ¿Cómo operan los medios de comunicación en este sentido? ¿qué incosciente colectivo se quiere o necesita moldear? El trabajo propone reflexionar en torno al rol de los medios de comunicación y la construcción de una subjetividad colectiva que impide el pensamiento jurídico crítico en torno a la temática. Además, nos preguntamos: ¿religión y aborto son incompatibles? Para esto, traemos a colación el caso de Irlanda como ejemplo superador de la dicotomía religión/laicismo para pensar “más allá de la grieta” de esta problemática concreta de salud pública como es el tema del aborto legal, seguro y gratuito.