bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient Turing-type Ag2Se-CoSe2 multi-interfacial oxygen-evolving electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Long , Yang Peng-Peng , Zheng Ya-Rong , Duan Yu , Hu Shaojin , Ma Tao , Gao Fei-Yue , Niu Zhuang-Zhuang , Wu Zhi-Zheng , Qin Shuai , Chi Li-Ping , Yu Xing-Xing , Wu Rui , Gu Chao , Zheng Xu-Sheng , Zheng Xiao , Zhu Junfa , Gao Min-Rui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Although the Turing structures, or stationary reaction-diffusion patterns, have received increasing attention in biology and chemistry, making such unusual patterns on inorganic solids is fundamentally challenging. We report a simple cation exchange approach to produce Turing-type Ag2Se on CoSe2 nanobelts relied on diffusion-driven instability. The resultant Turing-type Ag2Se-CoSe2 material is highly effective to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes with an 84.5% anodic energy efficiency. Electrochemical measurements show that the intrinsic OER activity correlates linearly with the length of Ag2Se-CoSe2 interfaces, determining that such Turing-type interfaces are more active sites for OER. Combing X-ray absorption and computational simulations, we ascribe the excellent OER performance to the optimized adsorption energies for critical oxygen-containing intermediates at the unconventional interfaces. Our work offers opportunities for creating Turing structures in other inorganic nanomaterials with unexplored catalytic abilities.
Sulfoxonium ylides for direct methylation of N-heterocycles in water
Authors: Ghosh Prithwish , Kwon Na Yeon , Kim Saegun , Han Sangil , Lee Suk Hun , An Won , Mishra Neeraj , Han Soo Bong , Kim In Su 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The direct methylation of N-heterocycles is an important transformation for the advancement of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, functional materials, and other chemical entities. Herein, the unprecedented C(sp2)–H methylation of iminoamido N-heterocycles as nucleoside base analogues is described. Notably, trimethylsulfoxonium salt was employed as a methylating agent under aqueous conditions. A wide substrate scope and excellent level of functional group tolerance were attained. Moreover, this method can be readily applied to the site-selective methylation of azauracil nucleosides. The feasibility of gram-scale reactions and various transformations of the products highlight the synthetic potential of the developed method. Combined deuterium-labeling experiments aided the elucidation of a plausible reaction mechanism.
How Competition and Wildfire Affect Tree Range Shifts in the American West
Authors: Hill Avery , Field Christopher 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Due to climate change, plant populations experience environmental conditions to which they are not adapted. Our understanding of the next century’s vegetation geography depends on the distance, direction, and rate at which plants redistribute in response to a changing climate. Although plant redistribution in response to contemporary climate change is widely observed, our understanding of its mechanics is nascent. In this study we test the response of plant range shift rates to wildfire occurrence using 33,838 Forest Inventory Analysis plots across five states in the western United States. Wildfire increased the rate of observed range shifts for 6/8 tree species by more than 22% on average, suggesting that incumbent vegetation can act as a barrier to plant range shifts and that fire management may play an important role in facilitating transitions between vegetation types in response to climate change.
Model-Size Reduction for Reservoir Computing by Concatenating Internal States Through Time
Authors: Sakemi Yusuke , Morino Kai , Leleu Timothee , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Reservoir computing (RC) is a machine learning algorithm that can learn complex time series from data very rapidly based on the use of high-dimensional dynamical systems, such as random networks of neurons, called "reservoirs." To implement RC in edge computing, it is highly important to reduce the amount of computational resources that RC requires. In this study, we propose methods that reduce the size of the reservoir by inputting the past or drifting states of the reservoir to the output layer at the current time step. To elucidate the mechanism of model-size reduction, the proposed methods are analyzed based on information processing capacity proposed by Dambre et al. (2012). In addition, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods on time-series prediction tasks: the generalized Hénon-map and NARMA. On these tasks, we found that the proposed methods were able to reduce the size of the reservoir up to one tenth without a substantial increase in regression error.
Is Teachers’ Depression Contagious to Students? A Study Based on Classes’ Hierarchical Models
Authors: Wu Wenfeng , Lu Yongbiao , Wang Ya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: According to the theory of emotional contagion, emotions in one person can trig-ger similar emotions in groups within social networks. In schools, the class just like a small social network, that teachers’ emotion, such as depression, might be contagious to their students, however, until now there is little studies reporting this issue. This study aims to determine whether teachers’ depression be contagious to students and what mechanics behind the phe-nomenon.Methods: Using Children’s depression and cognitive scales to assess 2579 students, meanwhile using teachers’ depression and emotional labor scales assess 529 teachers. The nested data from 112 classes were analyzed.Results: Teachers’ depression was positively correlated with emotional labor surface and deep acting, and teachers’ depression cross-level predicted students’ depression inversely. For teach-ers with higher levels of depression, the teacher’s deep acting affected their students’ depression significantly, the more effortful the teachers’ deep acting, the lower the degree of the students’ depression, however, for teachers with lower levels of depression, the deep acting was not sig-nificant.Conclusion: The results maybe state that depression in teachers is not readily transmitted to students, one of reasons is that teachers’ emotional labor may alleviate the influence of their depression on students. However, considered that teachers' emotional labor was positively cor-related with their depression, the teachers’ emotional labor may be like a double-edged sword, while alleviating the influence of teachers' depression on students, it also deteriorated their own depression, making it impossible sustainable. For students’ depression interventions based in school, including teachers maybe a better selection.Trial registration: This article is not a interventional research, so it was not registered.
Flexural Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Silica Composites via Multiple Infiltration Processing
Authors: Awan Faizan Siddique , Rasheed Raheela , Qazi Ibrahim , Saeed Muhammad Umar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional glass fibers reinforced silica matrix composites (GFS) were fabricated by silica sol infiltration (SSI) method by varying the number of infiltration cycles. A uniform weight gain was observed after each infiltration up to 9 th infiltration suggesting the uniform loading of nano silica within GFS composites. The relationship between the infiltration cycle and the physical and flexural behavior of composites was measured by means of a density and 3-point flexural test along with supporting evidences via microstructural characterization. The results of mechanical testing indicated an increase in the flexural properties by up to 25%, after each infiltration cycle, due to increase in density. Finally, microstructural study revealed the presence of various toughening mechanisms during fracture, under flexural loading in the GFS composites.
Impact of Urban Family Physician Program on health indicators in Iran: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Hajibadali Parisa , Hashemiparast Minasadat , Iraji Zeinab , Lotfalinejad Elham , Allahverdipour Hamid , Nadrian Haidar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2015, the Iranian Urban Family Physician Program (UFPP) was implemented in urban health centers. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the trend of health indicators across a ten-year period in an Iranian population and to measure the possible effects of this intervention on health indicators.Methods: An interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was performed on a ten-years (from 2009 to 2018) of annual data set covering all healthcare indicators associated to the UFPP in Bonab County, Iran. The time of intervention was at the 7th data point in 2015. Health indicators were divided into two groups including process indicators (Modern Contraceptives Use (MCU), Prenatal and Postpartum care visits, Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE), brucellosis and tuberculosis (TB) incidence), and outcome indicators (Total fertility rate (TFR), Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Stillbirth Rate (SBR), Infant mortality Rate (IMR), Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR), 1-59 months old Mortality Rate, Low Birth Weight (LBW), crud birth rate (CBR) and the rates of Infants fed by Formula milk.Results: The ratio of some process indicators, including the MCU (b = -5.13. 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -8.01 to -2.26), incidence of tuberculosis (b = .016. 95% CI: -1.01 to 1.34) and brucellosis (b = 3.04. 95% CI: -3.4 to 9.50) had a decreasing trend from 2008 to 2018. However, the CBE (b = 0.60. 95% CI: -4.97 to 6.18), prenatal care visits, (b= -4.25. 95% CI: -10.4 to 1.5) postpartum care visits (b = -22.83. 95% CI: -31.44 to -14.21), and first time care visits during pregnancy (b = -5.59. 95% CI: -14.52 to 3.32) were found with increasing trends. In contrast, the rate of at least six-time care visits during pregnancy was found to be in a decreasing trend (b = -10.32. 95% CI: -16.82 to -3.82). A series of outcome indicators including MMR (b = 24.78. 95% CI: 2.88 to 46.61), TFR (b= 0.07. 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.13), 1-59 Month old Mortality Rate (b = -.16. 95% CI: -.45 to .12), LBW (b = .33. 95% CI: -.08 to .40), Formula-fed infant rate (b = .48. 95% CI: -.007 to .97), Delivery rate in high-risk groups (b = 1.85. 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.49) and CS (b = -3.43. 95% CI: -5.73 to -1.12) had increasing trends from 2008 to 2018. In contrast, SBR (b = -.04. 95% CI: -.21 to .12), NMR (b = -.77. 95% CI: -2.91 to 1.36), IMR (b = -1.05. 95% CI: -2.99 to .89) and CBR (b = -.97. 95% CI: -1.85 to -.09) were in decreasing trends. Conclusion: The UFPP was found with positive impacts on some process, proximal and distal outcome indicators, but its positive impacts on the trends of some critical indicators, including MMR, NMR and IMR remained questionable. Our findings may shed light on the role of some other factors like social determinants of health in the programs like the UFPP.
Transforaminal interbody debridement and fusion with antibiotics impregnated bone graft to treat pyogenic discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis: A technique note with preliminary result.
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Kang , Lu Meng-Ling , Wegner Adam M. , Wu Re-Wen , Chen Sung-Hsiung , Hsu Chieh-Cheng , Chen Hou-Tsung , Yin Tsung-Cheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Surgical treatment of pyogenic discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis (PDVO) is indicated for neurologic deficit, spinal instability, unknown pathogen, poorly controlled infection, or intractable pain. Although the posterior-only approach has been proved a safe, effective procedure that minimizes the risks and complications of anterior or staged surgery, parenteral antibiotic treatment for 4–6 weeks postoperatively is still necessary. We hypothesized that antibiotic-impregnated bone graft used in an all posterior approach could result in infection control and shorten the postoperative course of pyogenic discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis.
Methods

21 consecutive patients with pyogenic discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis of the lumbar or thoracic spine were treated with transforaminal interbody debridement and fusion (TIDF) with antibiotic-impregnated bone graft (AIBG) between March 2014 and January 2017. Minimum follow up was 2 years. Outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) back pain, ASIA scale for neurological status, kyphotic angle correction, fusion status, and functional outcome using Kirkaldy-Willis criteria, and c-reactive protein (CRP) levels. CRP levels from pre-op, immediately post-op, and 1, 2, 4 & 6 wks post operatively and the duration of treatment with postoperative IV antibiotics in our patients was compared to our previous case series in which TIDF was performed without AIBG.
Results

Surgical treatment for PDVO resulted in clinical improvement and adequate infection control. There was no difference in pre-op CRP levels between the two groups. Despite shorter post-op IV antibiotic duration (Mean 21.0 d vs 39.8 d), the AIBG group had a stable decline in CRP levels and continued to decrease at 1, 2, 4 & 6 weeks, with significantly lower CRP levels at 6 weeks compared to bone graft without antibiotics. VAS scores improved from a mean of 7.2 to 2.3 one month postoperatively. Patients who had increased kyphotic angles had an average angle correction of 7.9° at last follow-up.
Conclusion

The technique of TIDF combined with AIBG can achieve local infection control with faster reduction in CRP, leading to shorter antibiotic duration for pyogenic discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis
Impact of inpatient rehabilitation on the quality of life of neurological patients in Thailand: A prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kuptniratsaikul Vilai , Vongpipatana Sivaporn , Wathanadilokul Ubonwon , Lukkanapichonchut Pranee , Ingkasuthi Kanlaya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with neurological diseases often have residual neurological deficits that can make self-care and ambulation functions difficult, and these obstacles to independence can have an adverse effect on QoL. Many studies have investigated patient QoL in one type of condition. However, data relating to patient QoL in rehabilitation units that treat a spectrum of disorders are scarce. Accordingly, our aim was to investigate the impact of inpatient rehabilitation on the QoL of neurological patients in Thailand, and to identify factors significantly associated with patient QoL. Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort study was performed among neurological patients receiving rehabilitation program at 14 tertiary centers during January-December 2012. The Thai Euro QoL five dimensions with three levels (Thai EQ-5D-3L) was used to evaluate the patient’s QoL twice, at admission and discharge. It consists of five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression with 3 response options for each dimension: no problems, some problems, and extreme problems. Factors related to QoL were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: Of the 1,197 recruited patients, 567 had spinal cord injury (SCI), 561 had stroke, and 69 had traumatic brain injury (TBI). The mean age was 52.3±17.5 years, and 67.4% were male. Over half (58.0%) of patients were admitted for intensive rehabilitation program, and 17.5% were admitted for investigation. The median QoL score was significantly higher at discharge than at admission, and most subjects (59.6%) had improved QoL during the rehabilitation period. Multivariate analysis revealed onset to admission interval (OAI) less than 3 months (p<0.001) and intensive rehabilitation program (p=0.005) to be significantly associated with improved QoL. The change in QoL score was greater in the stroke group than in the SCI and TBI groups. At admission, QoL in the intensive group was below zero compared to the non-intensive group; however, the change in QoL score at discharge was greater in the intensive group.Conclusions: Inpatient rehabilitation does improve QoL of neurological patients especially participants whose onset of less than 3 months and who are ready for intensive program. Patients with potential for rehabilitation should be admitted during 3 months after onset.
White Matter Integrity Involvement in Preclinical Stage of Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Jing Donglai , Chen Yaojing , Xie Kexin , Cui Yue , Cui Chunlei , Liu Li , Lu Hui , Ye Jing , Gao Ran , Wang Lin , Liang Zhigang , Zhang Zhanjun , Wu Liyong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background : To explore the patterns of white matter (WM) alterations using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the preclinical stage of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (fCJD) . Methods: 7 asymptomatic carriers of PRNP G114V mutation and 6 non-carriers from the same fCJD kindred were recruited at baseline. Follow-up was obtained in 7 asymptomatic carriers and 2 non-carriers 2 years later. We also included 10 symptomatic CJD patients and 10 age-and gender-matched healthy controls out of the kindred to observe the overlapping patterns of WM between asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic CJD patients. All subjects received clinical, neuropsychological assessments, electroencephalogram (EEG) tests, and DTI at baseline and follow-up. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used in DTI study for whole-brain voxel wise analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in WM. Results were compared in three groups: baseline carriers against non-carriers (baseline analysis), changes after 2 years in carriers (follow-up analysis), and differences between symptomatic CJD patients and healthy controls (CJD patients analysis). Results: Neither the carriers nor the non-carriers develop any neurological symptoms during 2 years follow-up. Baseline analysis showed no group differences between carriers and non-carriers in MD and FA. Follow-up analysis showed significant increased MD in left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, left uncinate fasciculus, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, and bilateral corticospinal tract (p < 0.05), among which increased MD in bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus and right corticospinal tract overlaps the pattern of CJD patients. Conclusion: Integrity involvement within multiple WM tracts could be detected in preclinical stage of fCJD.
Mesenchymal stem cell treatment for refractory pediatric rheumatic diseases: A single center case series
Authors: Wong Stephen Chee-Yung , Medrano Leah C , Hoftman Alice D , Jones Olcay Y , McCurdy Deborah K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:Pediatric rheumatic disease treatment has seen a surge in innovative therapies including numerous biologic medications that show great potential. Yet, many children with advanced disease are not able to reach remission on available treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells have immunomodulatory properties, and transplantation of these stem cells have been used to successfully treat immunologic conditions like graft-versus-host disease. Mesenchymal stem cell research in adult lupus has been encouraging, but there is a lack of studies in pediatric rheumatology. This retrospective case series will highlight three children with refractory autoimmune disease who received mesenchymal stem cell therapy and review the potential benefits and risks of this emerging treatment modality.Case Presentation:Three children with established diagnoses of systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis were under the care of pediatric rheumatology at a large, tertiary-care, teaching institution for many years. Multiple non-biologic and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs failed to significantly decrease disease activity, and as a result, the families chose to undergo mesenchymal stem cell therapy. After transplantation, all children improved and were able to taper off conventional immunosuppressive drugs. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion:The three cases presented in this study reflect comparable beneficial outcomes and minimal risks published in adult studies. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is a promising adjunctive treatment option that necessitates further research and development of standardized infusion therapy protocols.
Association of Bone Marrow Lesion Localisation with Weight Bearing Pain in People with Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From The Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Aso Koji , Shahtaheri Seyed Mohsen , McWilliams Daniel F. , Walsh David A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) detected on MRI in knee osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with knee pain. The prevalence and progression of BMLs are increased by mechanical knee load. However, associations of BML location with weight-bearing knee pain are currently unknown. In this study, we aim to demonstrate associations of BML location with weight-bearing knee pain in knee OA.Methods: We analyzed 1412 and 582 varus knees from cross-sectional and longitudinal Osteoarthritis Initiative datasets, respectively. BML scores were analysed for 5 anatomical regions (median and lateral femorotibial, medial and lateral patellofemoral, and subspinous). Weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing pain scores were derived from WOMAC pain items. Correlation and negative binomial regression models were used for analysis of associations between the BML scores and pain at baseline, and changes in the BML scores and changes in pain after 24-month follow up.Results: Greater BML scores at medial femorotibial and lateral patellofemoral compartments were associated with total and weight-bearing pain scores, and statistical significance was retained after adjusting for BML scores at the other 4 joint compartments and other OA features, as well as for non-weight-bearing pain, age, sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) (femorotibial; B=0.08 (95%CI, 0.01-0.09) p=0.02, patellofemoral; B=0.13 (95%CI, 0.03-0.23) p=0.01). BML scores were not significantly associated with non-weight-bearing pain after adjustment for weightbearing pain and other demographic and OA features. Change over 24 months in BML score in the medial femorotibial compartment was significantly associated with change in weight-bearing pain after adjusting for non-weight-bearing pain, age, sex, baseline weight-bearing pain, BMI, and BML at the other 4 joint compartments (B=0.10 (95%CI, 0.02-0.18) p=0.01). Conclusions: BML size at the medial femorotibial joint compartment was specifically associated with the severity and the change in weight-bearing pain, independent of non-weight-bearing pain, in knee OA. Specific associations of weight-bearing pain with BMLs in weight-bearing compartments of the knee indicate that BMLs in subchondral bone contribute to biomechanically-induced OA pain.