bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent avoidable admissions amongst Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people with chronic disease in New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jayakody Amanda Anne , Oldmeadow Christopher , Carey Mariko , Bryant Jamie , Evans Tiffany , Ella Stephen , Attia John , Towle Simon , Sanson-Fisher Robert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have high rates of avoidable hospital admissions for chronic diseases, however little is known about the frequency of avoidable admissions for this population. This study aimed to examine trends in avoidable admissions among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people with ambulatory care sensitive chronic conditions in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis using de-identified linked administrative data of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients between 2005/06 to 2013/14. Eligible patients were admitted to a NSW public hospital and who had one or more of the following ambulatory care sensitive chronic conditions as a principal diagnosis: diabetic complications, asthma, angina, hypertension, congestive heart failure and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The primary outcomes were the number of avoidable admissions for an individual in each financial year, and whether an individual had three or more admissions compared with one to two avoidable admissions in each financial year. Poisson and logistic regression models and a test for differences in yearly trends were used to assess the frequency of avoidable admissions over time, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and restricted to those aged ≤75 years.Results: There were a total of 27,467 avoidable admissions corresponding to 19,025 patients over the nine-year period (71.2% Aboriginal; 28.8% non-Aboriginal). Aboriginal patients were 15% more likely than non-Aboriginal patients to have a higher number of avoidable admissions per financial year (IRR=1.15; CI: 1.11, 1.20). Aboriginal patients were almost twice as likely as non-Aboriginal patients to experience three or more avoidable admissions per financial year (OR=1.90; CI=1.60, 2.26). There were no significant differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in yearly trends for either the number of avoidable admissions, or whether or not an individual experienced three or more avoidable admissions per financial year (p=0.8599; 0.8608 respectively). Conclusion: Aboriginal people were significantly more likely to experience frequent avoidable admissions over a nine-year period compared to non-Aboriginal people. These high rates reflect the need for further research into which interventions are able to successfully reduce avoidable admissions among Aboriginal people with chronic diseases, and the importance of culturally appropriate early prevention and community health care.
Genetic and Clinical Phenotypic Analysis of Familial Stapes Sclerosis Caused by a NOG Mutation
Authors: Yu Rong , JIANG HONGQUN , LUO WU GEN 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background：Noggin protein encoded by NOG gene can interfere with the binding of bone morphogenetic protein to its receptor, thus affecting bone and joint develop pment. The symptoms include abnormal skeletal development and conductive deaf ness Methods: In a Retrospective study, clinical data of the proband and her family members include 8 people and 50 healthy normal controls were collected. Secon d-generation sequencing were performed on peripheral blood samples from them. Results：The sequencing analysis indicated that, in the probrand, the NOG gene included c.532T>C (cytosine deletion), leading to an amino acid change. The prob and's father, grandmother, second sister, and third sister also had this mutation, whereas those with normal phenotypes did not have the mutation. Conclusion：Analysis of this family showed that the new presentation of c.532T>C mutation in the NOG gene resulted in syndrome-type autosomal dominant inheritan ce reflected in a mild clinical phenotype, which is of great significance for further studies of the clinical phenotype and pathogenesis of stapetectopia.
The Burden of Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Pune, India
Authors: Marbaniang Ivan , Sangle Shashikala , Nimkar Smita , Zarekar Kanta , Salvi Sonali , Chavan Amol , Gupta Amita , Suryavanshi Nishi , Mave Vidya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: There is a dearth of data on anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic from people living with HIV (PLHIV). This is a cause of concern as anxiety is associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) nonadherence. Globally, India has the third largest population of PLHIV and third highest number of COVID-19 cases which are rapidly increasing. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the burden of anxiety and its sources among Asian Indian PLHIV during this pandemic.Methods: We used data from a telephonically delivered assessment among PLHIV engaged in care at a tertiary healthcare associated antiretroviral therapy (ART) center in Pune, India. Assessments were conducted between April 21 and May 28, 2020, one month into the government mandated lockdown. GAD-7 was used to assess for anxiety over two-preceding weeks. Significant sociodemographic and clinical differences between groups (GAD-7<10 and GAD-7≥10) were assessed using Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxson rank sum tests, for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze an open-ended question that asked about the most pressing cause(s) of concern. Results: Of 167 PLHIV contacted, median age was 44 years (IQR:40 – 50), 60% (n=100) were cisgender women and 81% (n=135) had a monthly family income<200 USD. Thirty-eight percent (n=64) had prior history of tuberculosis and 27% (n=45) were living with another comorbidity. A fourth (25%, n=41) had GAD-7 scores indicative of generalized anxiety. PLHIV who had fewer remaining doses of ART had significantly higher GAD-7 scores compared to those that had more doses (p=0.05). Thematic analysis indicated that concerns were both health related and unrelated, and stated temporally. Present concerns were often also projected as future concerns. Conclusions: In a group of socioeconomically disadvantaged PLHIV, a fourth were found to have anxiety, that appeared to be influenced by concerns about ART availability. Furthermore, the persistence of sources of anxiety and therefore an increase in anxiety for these PLHIV is anticipated as the pandemic worsens in India. We recommend the regular utilization of short screening tools for anxiety to monitor and triage PLHIV as an extension of current HIV-services.
Loneliness in early psychosis: A qualitative study exploring the views of mental health practitioners in early intervention services
Authors: Stefanidou Theodora , Wang Jingyi , Morant Nicola , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Johnson Sonia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Loneliness is an important public health problem with established adverse effects on physical and mental health. Although, people with psychosis often experience high levels of loneliness, relatively little is known about the relationship between loneliness and early psychosis. Potential interventions to address loneliness might be easier to implement early in the illness when social networks and social skills may be more intact than at a later stage. We investigated the views of mental health practitioners about the context and causes of loneliness in people with early psychosis, and about potential interventions.Methods: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with mental health practitioners (n=20). Participants were purposively recruited from four early intervention services for first-episode psychosis in the UK. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Participants believed that the majority of service users with early psychosis experience feelings of loneliness. They often saw socially isolated and disconnected clients and believed them to be lonely, but rarely discussed loneliness explicitly in clinical interactions. A combination of symptoms, stigma and negative sense of self were believed to underpin loneliness. Participants could not identify any specific current interventions delivered by their services for tackling loneliness, but thought some routinely provided interventions, including social groups and psychological treatments, could be helpful. They favoured making a wider range of loneliness interventions available and believed that community agencies beyond mental health services should be involved to make these effective and feasible to deliver. They suggested social participation interventions without an explicit mental health focus as potentially promising and valued a co-produced approach to intervention development. Conclusions: This study suggests that loneliness is not routinely discussed in early intervention services, and a targeted strategy for tackling it is lacking. Co-produced, individualised community approaches, and interventions that target symptoms, stigma and negative self-schemas might be beneficial in alleviating loneliness for people with early psychosis. Empirical research is needed to develop and test such interventions.
The Effect of Inhaling Mother’s Breast Milk Odor on the Behavioral Responses to Pain Caused by Hepatitis B Vaccine in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Amiri Adeleh Saebi , aziznejadroshan parvin , Rad Zahra Akbarian , ahangar Hemmat gholinia , Valizadehchari Zahra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pain control in preterm infants is especially important if the necessary measures are not taken in this regard, the evolutionary process of the brain will be disrupted, and the unrelieved pain can have lifelong consequences. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of maternal breast milk odor (MBMO) with that of another mother’s breast milk odor (BMO) on the behavioral responses to pain caused by hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) injection in preterm infants.Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed in the neonatal intensive care unit of Babol Rouhani Hospital, Iran from February 2019 to March 2020. Totally, 90 preterm infants who were to receive the HBV for the first time were randomly selected by random sampling. The neonates were randomly assigned into three groups of (A) MBMO (B) another mother’s BMO and (C) control (distilled water).The data were collected using a questionnaire of demographic characteristics and premature infant pain profile (PIPP). Physiological data were recorded by the pulse oximeter immediately before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS18 through chi-square, ANOVA and ANCOVA, and P<0.05 was considered as significant level.Results: Before intervention, there was no significant difference between groups in the mean of heart rate, blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) percentage (P>0.05). After intervention, there was no significant difference between these A, B and C groups in the mean of systolic blood pressure (70.90±8.29, 70.27±6.70 and 71.77±9.07), diastolic blood pressure (43.63±9.59, 41.77±7.10 and 44.03±10.76) and SaO2 percentage (95.20±5.20, 94.00±6.23 and 91.13±11.78), respectively (P>0.05). However, after intervention, there was a significant difference between groups of A, B and C in the mean of heart rate (146. 6±14.3, 153.70±17.5 and 155.70±17.7), respectively (P=0.01). Moreover, the mean PIPP score was 6.6±1.3, 10 ±2 and 11.4±1.9 in groups A, B and C respectively, so that a significant statistical difference was found between groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: Stimulation with MBMO is effective in reducing the pain of preterm infants, so it can be used in less invasive procedures such as vaccination.Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT20190220042771N1. Registered 18 May 2019- Retrospectively registered, https://en.irct.ir/trial/37646
The Effects of Hedgehog Ligand Neutralising Antibody 5E1 in a Mouse Model of Endometriosis
Authors: Cousins Fiona Lyndsay , Farley Johanna K , Kerrigan Rebecca , Mukherjee Shayanti , Darzi Saeedeh , Gargett Caroline E , Deane James A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: Endometriosis is a common and painful condition characterized by the formation of endometrial lesions within the peritoneal cavity. Previous studies have suggested a role for hedgehog signalling in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We investigated the role of hedgehog signalling in the establishment of endometriosis lesions using 5E1, a hedgehog ligand neutralising antibody, and a mouse model of endometriosis. Results: Treatment with 5E1, reduced the number of lesions found on the mesentery. No significant changes were found in the size of lesions, abundance of endometrial epithelial cells, proliferation or apoptosis in the lesions.
Genetic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant&nbsp;Staphylococcus Aureus&nbsp;Among Japanese Inpatients in the Early 1980s
Authors: Zuo Hui , Uehara Yuki , Lu Yujie , Sasaki Takashi , Hiramatsu Keiichi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was recognized as a serious nosocomial pathogen in Japan starting in the early 1980s. Limited genotypic characteristics on healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) associated with “hospital MRSA panics” in Japan in this era. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of Japanese HA-MRSA strains in the early 1980s and their linkage with current MRSA strains.Methods: For 194 S. aureus strains isolated in the early 1980s, we determined methicillin resistance phenotypically and genotypically and performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and whole-genome sequencing. Results: Twenty mecA-positive MRSA (10.3%), 8 mecA-negative MRSA (4.1%) and 3 mecA-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (1.5%) strains were identified. The frequent sequence type (ST) was ST30 (n=11), followed by ST5 (n=8), ST81 (n=4), and ST247 (n=3). Rates of SCCmec types I, II, and IV were 65.2%, 13.0%, and 17.4%, respectively. ST30-SCCmec I (n=7) and ST5-SCCmec I (n=5) were predominant genotypes. Only two strains exhibited tst-positive ST5-SCCmec II, which is the current Japanese HA-MRSA genotype. Moreover, 73.3% of SCCmec type I strains were susceptible to imipenem compared with SCCmec type II strains (0%). All ST30 strains shared a common ancestor with strain 55/2053, which resulted in a global pandemic of Panto-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive and penicillin-resistant MSSA spread in Europe and the United States in the 1950s. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the heterogeneous population structure of Japanese HA-MRSA during the early 1980s, which comprised diverse clones that are mostly rare in recent years. The shift to the current homogenous population structure of HA-MRSA strains consisting of tst-positive ST5-SCCmec II might result from the clinical introduction of new antimicrobials including imipenem.
How Fear and Collectivism Influence Public's Preventive Intention Towards COVID-19 Infection: A Study Based on Big Data from the Social Media
Authors: Huang Feng , Ding Huimin , Liu Zeyu , Wu Peijing , Li Ang , Zhu Tingshao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite worldwide calls for precautionary measures to combat COVID-19, the public’s preventive intention still varies significantly among different regions. Exploring the influencing factors of the public’s preventive intention is very important to curtail the spread of COVID-19. Previous studies have found that fear can effectively improve the public’s preventive intention, but they ignore the impact of differences in cultural values. The present study examines the combined effect of fear and collectivism on public’s preventive intention towards COVID-19 through the analysis of social media big data.
Methods
The Sina microblog posts of 108,914 active users from Chinese mainland 31 provinces were downloaded. The data was retrieved from 11 January 2020 to 21 February 2020. Afterwards, we conducted a province-level analysis on the contents of downloaded posts. Three lexicons were applied to automatically recognise the scores of fear, collectivism and preventive intention of 31 provinces. Thereafter, a multiple regression model were established to examine the combined effect of fear and collectivism on public’s preventive intention towards COVID-19. The simple slope test and the Johnson-Neyman technique were used to test the interaction of fear and collectivism on preventive intention.
Results
The study reveals that: (a) both fear and collectivism can positively predict people’s preventive intention (fear: β = 0.324, t = 11.685, p < 0.001; collectivism: β = 0.284, t = 10.433, p < 0.001) and (b) there is an interaction of fear and collectivism on people’s preventive intention (β = −0.134, t = − 5.963, p < 0.001), where fear and collectivism reduce each other’s positive influence on people’s preventive intention.
Conclusion
The promotion of fear on people’s preventive intention may be limited and conditional, and values of collectivism can well compensate for the promotion of fear on preventive intention. These results provide scientific inspiration on how to effectively enhance the public’s preventive intention towards COVID-19. For example, ‘Keeping social distance can protect you and your family from infection’ may be a more effective communication strategy than ‘Keeping social distance can protect you from infection’.
Immune-related Gene Data-based Molecular Subtyping Related to the Prognosis for Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Mu Guoyu , Ji Hong , He Hui , Wang Hongjiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC), the most frequently seen malignant tumor in female, is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality year by year. Generally, the available treatments for BC include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrinotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. Typically, as molecular biology, immunology and pharmacogenomics develop, a growing amount of evidence has suggested that immunocyte infiltration into tumor microenvironment, together with the immunophenotype of tumor cells, would remarkably influence the development and malignant transformation of tumor; as a result, immunotherapy has become a promising therapy for treating BC, which would also affect patient prognosis.Methods In this study, samples collected from TCGA and ImmPort database would be analyzed to search for specific immune-related genes affecting BC patient prognosis. A total of 64 immune-related genes with significant correlation with patient prognosis had been screened and performed shrinkage estimate, among which, 29 most representative ones with significant correlation with patient prognosis had been selected and utilized to establish the prognosis prediction model for BC patients (as referred to as the RiskScore equation). Thereafter, samples in both training set and test set would be substituted into the model, respectively; meanwhile, BC patients would also be divided based on the median RiskScore to assess the efficiency, accuracy and stability of the model in predicting and classifying patient prognosis. Subsequently, functional annotations, GO and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis would be carried out among the 29 as-screened immune-related genes.Results The results found that, these 29 genes could be mainly enriched to numerous BC- and immune microenvironment-related pathways. Eventually, the relationship between RiskScore and the sample clinical features as well as the signaling pathways would be analyzed.Conclusions Our findings indicate that, the prognosis prediction model RiskScore established on the basis of the expression profiles of 29 immune-related genes has displayed high prediction accuracy and stability in identifying the immune features, which can guide the clinicians to diagnose and predict the prognosis for different immunophenotypes, in the meantime of offering numerous therapeutic targets for precisely treating BC in clinic using the identified subtype-specific immune molecules.
Prevalence of Nocturia Among Community-dwelling Adults: A Population-based Study in Malaysia
Authors: Yow Hui-Yin , Tiong John Jeh Lung , Mai Chun-Wai , Werf Esther van der , Zainud Zulkifli Md , Toh Charng-Chee , Ngoo Kay-Seong , Goh Eng-Hong , Fadzli Ahmad Nazran , Lok Sze-Han , Ong Teng Aik 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Nocturia is widely prevalent condition with detrimental effects on quality of life and general health. In Malaysia, there is a lack of up-to-date prevalence study on nocturia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nocturia and awareness pertaining to nocturia among Malaysian adults.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among Malaysian adults aged ≥ 18 years old. The data was collected by mixed mode self-administered questionnaire from May 2019 to September 2019. Nocturia was defined as one or more voids at night.Results: There were a total of 4616 respondents with 74.5% of response rate. The overall prevalence of nocturia among Malaysian adults was found to be 57.3%. In multivariate analysis, respondents aged 31 – 40 (1.91 [1.52 - 2.40]) or > 60 years old (2.03 [1.48 - 2.71]), and those who presented with hypertension (2.84 [2.28 - 3.53]), diabetes mellitus (1.78 [1.42 - 2.25]), renal disease (3.58 [1.93 - 6.63]) or overactive bladder (1.61 [1.10 - 2.35]) were associated with higher prevalence of nocturia. A significantly lower disease prevalence (p < 0.05) was noted among those aged 41 – 50 (0.73 [0.59 - 0.91]), male (0.78 [0.69 - 0.88]) and Chinese (0.47 [0.30 - 0.74]) or Indian (0.34 [0.21 - 0.54]) ethnicities. A total of 37.3% of respondents with nocturia reported that they faced sleeping difficulty about half the time or more after waking up in the middle of night. Those who had ≥ 2 voids per night experienced significantly higher mean bother score than those who had 1 void per night (p < 0.001). Approximately half (56.7%) of all respondents were not aware that night time urination is a medical condition. Only 25.2% of respondents with nocturia had sought medical attention for their nocturia.Conclusion: The prevalence of nocturia among Malaysian adults is high and strongly influenced by age, gender, race and comorbidities. However, the general awareness on nocturia among Malaysians is poor and relates to low treatment-seeking behaviour we found. The findings also highlighted the impact of nocturia on sleep and the need for nocturia education to better address this disease.