bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Switching Capacity of Glyco‐Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Au(111)
Authors: Fast Ellen , Schlimm Alexander , Lautenschläger Irene , Clausen Kai Uwe , Strunskus Thomas , Spormann Carina , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Tuczek Felix 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) decorated with photoisomerizable azobenzene glycosides are useful tools for investigating the effect of ligand orientation on carbohydrate recognition. However, photoswitching of SAMs between two specific states is characterized by a limited capacity. The goal of this study is the improvement of photoswitchable azobenzene glyco‐SAMs. Different concepts, in particular self‐dilution and rigid biaryl backbones, have been investigated. The required SH‐functionalized azobenzene glycoconjugates were synthesized through a modular approach, and the respective glyco‐SAMs were fabricated on Au(111). Their photoswitching properties have been extensively investigated by applying a powerful set of methods (IRRAS, XPS, and NEXAFS). Indeed, the combination of tailor‐made biaryl‐azobenzene glycosides and suitable diluent molecules led to photoswitchable glyco‐SAMs with a significantly enhanced and unprecedented switching capacity.
Platinum Oxide Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution: Influence of Platinum Valence State
Authors: Nichols Forrest , Lu Jia En , Mercado Rene , Dudschus Ryan , Bridges Frank , Chen Shaowei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectrochemical hydrogen generation is a rising prospect for future renewable energy storage and conversion. Platinum remains a leading choice of catalyst, but because of its high cost and low natural abundance, it is critical to optimize its use. In the present study, platinum oxide nanoparticles of approximately 2 nm in diameter are deposited on carbon nitride (C3N4) nanosheets by thermal refluxing of C3N4 and PtCl2 or PtCl4 in water. These nanoparticles exhibit apparent electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid. Interestingly, the HER activity increases with increasing Pt4+ concentration in the nanoparticles, and the optimized catalyst even outperforms commercial Pt/C, exhibiting an overpotential of only −7.7 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of −26.3 mV dec−1. The results from this study suggest that the future design of platinum oxide catalysts should strive to maximize the Pt4+ sites and minimize the formation of the less active Pt2+ species.
Iris‐based continuous authentication in mobile ad hoc network
Authors: Ramkumar D. , Annadurai C. , Nelson I. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are temporary in nature, with security concerns being more vulnerable than the other types of networks. Most of the works concentrate on either authentication or intrusion detection. This framework considers both intrusion detection and authentication continuously. It has been done for different layers of security for finding the intruder and eliminate from the network. Iris images have been used in this work for the purpose of authentication. Detection and response engines have been used for intrusion detection and high security in ad hoc network. The simulation results clearly show the iris‐based continuous authentication detecting most of the intruders and eliminates from the network.
Traditional Chinese medicine foot bath combined with acupoint massage for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 31 RCTs
Authors: Fu Qinwei , Yang Hui , Zhang Lanzhi , Liu Yang , Li Xinrong , Dai Menglin , Yang Yepeng , Yang Shasha , Xie Yan , Liu Ying , Fu Li , Liu Zhiqing , Zhang Qinxiu 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this study, we aim to evaluate the efficiency and safety of traditional Chinese medicine foot bath combined with acupoint massage for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A total of eight online databases were searched to collect studies published up to February 2019. Study quality of each included article was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were conducted based on the Cochrane systematic review method by using the RevMan 5.3 software. Traditional Chinese medicine foot bath combined with acupoint massage was the main therapy in experimental group. Interventions in control groups include western medicine, oral traditional Chinese medicine, other symptomatic treatment of western medicine, and blank control. Primary outcomes in this study include sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), total effective rate, and neuropathic syndrome score. Finally, 31 trials involving 3284 participants were included. The results of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses showed that traditional Chinese medicine foot bath combined with acupoint massage was significantly better compared with the control groups in terms of the total effective rate, SNCV, MNCV, and neuropathic syndrome score. No case of adverse effect was reported. These findings show that traditional Chinese medicine foot bath combined with acupoint massage may be safer and more effective for the treatment of DPN. However, due to the low methodological quality, further research with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of higher quality is required to prove its efficacy and better evidence for clinical treatment.
Responses of zooplankton body size and community trophic structure to temperature change in a subtropical reservoir
Authors: Gao Xiaofei , Chen Huihuang , Govaert Lynn , Wang Wenping , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of global warming on trait variation and trophic structure is a crucial challenge in the 21st century. However, there is a lack of general patterns that can be used to predict trait variation and community trophic structure under the ongoing environmental change. We investigated the responses of body size and community trophic structure of zooplankton to climate related factors (e.g., temperature). Isotopic niche breadth was applied to investigate the community trophic structure across a 1‐year study from a subtropical reservoir (Tingxi Reservoir) in southeastern China. Body size and community isotopic niche breadth of zooplankton were larger during water mixing than stratification periods and correlated significantly with water temperature change along the time series. The contributions of intra‐ and intertaxonomic components to body size and community trophic structure variation showed significant relationships with the temperature change going from the mixing to stratification periods. Water temperature imposed direct effect on body size, while direct and indirect effect on the community trophic structure of zooplankton occurred through trophic redundancy along time series. Water temperature and community properties (e.g., body size, trophic redundancy, or trophic interaction) showed complex interactions and integrated to influence community trophic structure of zooplankton. Our results can expand the knowledge of how elevated temperature will alter individual trait and community trophic structure under future climate change.
Evolution and disappearance of sympatric Coregonus albula in a changing environment—A case study of the only remaining population pair in Sweden
Authors: Delling Bo , Palm Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring the past 50 years, Fennoscandian populations of spring‐spawning Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula), sympatric to common autumn‐spawners, have declined or disappeared; for example, three out of four known spring‐spawning populations in Sweden are regarded as extinct. Over the same period, the climate has changed and populations have been subject to other anthropogenic stressors. We compared historic (1960s) and recent (1990–2000s) morphological data from the still‐existent sympatric cisco populations in Lake Fegen, Sweden. Phenotypic changes were found for spring‐spawners making them more similar to the sympatric autumn‐spawners that had remained virtually unchanged. Based on results for other salmoniform fishes, a phenotypically plastic response to increased temperature during early development appears unlikely. The recent material was also analyzed with microsatellite markers; long‐term effective population size in spring‐spawners was estimated to be about 20 times lower than autumn‐spawners, with signs of long‐term gene flow in both directions and a recent genetic bottleneck in spring‐spawners. We suggest the change toward a less distinct phenotype in spring‐spawners to reflect a recent increase in gene flow from autumn‐spawners. Time since divergence was estimated to only c. 1,900 years (95% CI: 400–5,900), but still the Fegen populations represent the most morphologically and genetically distinct sympatric populations studied. Consequently, we hypothesize that less distinct population pairs can be even younger and that spring‐spawning may have repeatedly evolved and disappeared in several lakes since the end of the last glaciation, concurrent with changed environmental conditions.
Has gene expression neofunctionalization in the fire ant antennae contributed to queen discrimination behavior?
Authors: Dang Viet‐Dai , Cohanim Amir B. , Fontana Silvia , Privman Eyal , Wang John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQueen discrimination behavior in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta maintains its two types of societies: colonies with one (monogyne) or many (polygyne) queens, yet the underlying genetic mechanism is poorly understood. This behavior is controlled by two supergene alleles, SB and Sb, with ~600 genes. Polygyne workers, having either the SB/SB or SB/Sb genotype, accept additional SB/Sb queens into their colonies but kill SB/SB queens. In contrast, monogyne workers, all SB/SB, reject all additional queens regardless of genotype. Because the SB and Sb alleles have suppressed recombination, determining which genes within the supergene mediate this differential worker behavior is difficult. We hypothesized that the alternate worker genotypes sense queens differently because of the evolution of differential expression of key genes in their main sensory organ, the antennae. To identify such genes, we sequenced RNA from four replicates of pooled antennae from three classes of workers: monogyne SB/SB, polygyne SB/SB, and polygyne SB/Sb. We identified 81 differentially expressed protein‐coding genes with 13 encoding potential chemical metabolism or perception proteins. We focused on the two odorant perception genes: an odorant receptor SiOR463 and an odorant‐binding protein SiOBP12. We found that SiOR463 has been lost in the Sb genome. In contrast, SiOBP12 has an Sb‐specific duplication, SiOBP12b′, which is expressed in the SB/Sb worker antennae, while both paralogs are expressed in the body. Comparisons with another fire ant species revealed that SiOBP12b′ antennal expression is specific to S. invicta and suggests that queen discrimination may have evolved, in part, through expression neofunctionalization.
Site fertility drives temporal turnover of vegetation at high latitudes
Authors: Maliniemi Tuija , Happonen Konsta , Virtanen Risto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExperimental evidence shows that site fertility is a key modulator underlying plant community changes under climate change. Communities on fertile sites, with species having fast dynamics, have been found to react more strongly to climate change than communities on infertile sites with slow dynamics. However, it is still unclear whether this generally applies to high‐latitude plant communities in natural environments at broad spatial scales. We tested a hypothesis that vegetation of fertile sites experiences greater changes over several decades and thus would be more responsive under contemporary climate change compared to infertile sites that are expected to show more resistance. We resurveyed understorey communities (vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens) of four infertile and four fertile forest sites along a latitudinal bioclimatic gradient. Sites had remained outside direct human disturbance. We analyzed the magnitude of temporal community turnover, changes in the abundances of plant morphological groups and strategy classes, and changes in species diversity. In agreement with our hypothesis, temporal turnover of communities was consistently greater on fertile sites compared to infertile sites. However, our results suggest that the larger turnover of fertile communities is not primarily related to the direct effects of climatic warming. Furthermore, community changes in both fertile and infertile sites showed remarkable variation in terms of shares of plant functional groups and strategy classes and measures of species diversity. This further emphasizes the essential role of baseline environmental conditions and nonclimatic drivers underlying vegetation changes. Our results show that site fertility is a key determinant of the overall rate of high‐latitude vegetation changes but the composition of plant communities in different ecological contexts is variously impacted by nonclimatic drivers over time.
Study of the performance of biogas production by mixed fermentation of cow dung, deer manure, and mushroom fungus
Authors: Li Longwei , Xu Jianling , Wang Hanxi , Liu Xuejun , Zhang Di 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnaerobic digestion (AD) of livestock and poultry manure to produce biogas can not only improve environmental problems, but also effectively utilize waste. In order to maximize the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, the AD experiments of mixing cow dung, deer manure, and mushroom fungus were carried out. The changes of AD biogas production (daily and cumulative biogas production), CH4 content, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH at different temperatures (20, 35, and 50°C), and mixing ratios were studied, and the optimum reaction conditions were discussed. Results show that with the increase in temperature the biogas production rate and the cumulative biogas production at each proportions increase. At 20°C, the amount of biogas generated is very small. Under different proportions of raw materials, the cumulative biogas production first increased and then decreased. The best biogas production is at a temperature of 50°C and a proportion of cow dung, deer manure, and mushroom fungus is 0.3:0.4:0.3. The unit total solid biogas production rate reached 0.23 L·g−1. The mixed fermentation of livestock manure and mushroom fungus made up for the inadequacy of its separate fermentation performance and was also an effective method to improve the biogas rate and comprehensive utilization rate of livestock manure. The results of this study are of great significance in promoting the utilization of livestock and poultry manure.
Metabolomic Investigations of the Temporal Effects of Exposure to Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products and Their Mixture in the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
Authors: Brew David W. , Black Marsha C. , Santos Marina , Rodgers Jackson , Henderson W. Matthew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) supports a large aquaculture industry and is a keystone species along the Atlantic seaboard. Native oysters are routinely exposed to a complex mixture of contaminants that increasingly includes pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Unfortunately, the biological effects of chemical mixtures on oysters are poorly understood. Untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics was utilized to quantify the response of oysters exposed to fluoxetine, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, 17α-ethynylestradiol, diphenhydramine, and their mixture. Oysters were exposed to 1 µg/L of each chemical or mixture for 10 d, followed by an 8-d depuration period. Adductor muscle (n = 14/treatment) was sampled at days 0, 1, 5, 10, and 18. Trajectory analysis illustrated that metabolic effects and class separation of the treatments varied at each time point and that, overall, the oysters were only able to partially recover from these exposures post-depuration. Altered metabolites were associated with cellular energetics (i.e., Krebs cycle intermediates), as well as amino acid metabolism and fatty acids. Exposure to these PPCPs also affected metabolic pathways associated with anaerobic metabolism, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress, in addition to the physiological effects of each chemical's postulated mechanism of action. Following depuration, fewer metabolites were altered, but none of the treatments returned them to their initial control values, indicating that metabolic disruptions were long-lasting. Interestingly, the mixture did not directly cluster with individual treatments in the scores plot from partial least squares discriminant analysis, and many of its affected metabolic pathways were not well predicted from the individual treatments. The present study highlights the utility of untargeted metabolomics in developing exposure biomarkers for compounds with different modes of action in bivalves. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:419–436. © 2019 SETAC
Hepatitis C Virus NAT‐Positive Solid Organ Allografts Transplanted Into Hepatitis C Virus–Negative Recipients: A Real‐World Experience
Authors: Kapila Nikhil , Menon K.V. Narayanan , Al‐Khalloufi Kawtar , Vanatta Jason M. , Murgas Carla , Reino Diego , Ebaid Samer , Shaw Joshua J. , Agrawal Neerja , Rhazouani Salwa , Navas Viviana , Sheffield Cedric , Rahman Asad Ur , Castillo Michael , Lindenmeyer Christina C. , Miller Charles , Quintini Cristiano , Zervos Xaralambos B. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐viremic organs are underutilized, and there is limited real‐world experience on the transplantation of HCV‐viremic solid organs into recipients who are HCV negative.

Approach and Results
Patients listed or being evaluated for solid organ transplant after January 26, 2018, were educated and consented by protocol on the transplantation of HCV‐viremic organs. All recipients were HCV nucleic acid test and anti‐HCV antibody negative at the time of transplant and received an HCV‐viremic organ. The primary outcome was sustained virological response (SVR) at 12 weeks after completion of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy (SVR12). Seventy‐seven patients who were HCV negative underwent solid organ transplantation from a donor who was HCV viremic. No patients had evidence of advanced hepatic fibrosis. Treatment regimen and duration were at the discretion of the hepatologist. Sixty‐four patients underwent kidney transplant (KT), and 58 KT recipients had either started or completed DAA therapy. Forty‐one achieved SVR12, 10 had undetectable viral loads but are not eligible for SVR12, and 7 remain on treatment. One KT recipient was a nonresponder because of nonstructural protein 5A resistance. Four patients underwent liver transplant and 2 underwent liver‐kidney transplant. Three patients achieved SVR12, 1 has completed DAA therapy, and 2 remain on treatment. Six patients underwent heart transplant and 1 underwent heart‐kidney transplant. Six patients achieved SVR12 and 1 patient remains on treatment.

Conclusions
Limited data exist on the transplantation of HCV‐viremic organs into recipients who are HCV negative. Our study is the largest to describe a real‐world experience of the transplantation of HCV‐viremic organs into recipients who are aviremic. In carefully selected patients, the use of HCV‐viremic grafts in the DAA era appears to be efficacious and well tolerated.
“Perceived fit,” “understanding,” and “communication”: Key factors underpinning stakeholder and partnership engagement with the Make Healthy Normal campaign
Authors: Keane Lewis , Kite James , Grunseit Anne , Vineburg John , Tawil Victor , Thomas Margaret 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIssue addressedPublished evaluations of population‐level social marketing campaigns predominantly focus on impact and outcome evaluation. Evaluation of complementary locally implemented activities and programs, despite being common and important components of social marketing campaigns are rarely published. This study sought to examine the drivers of engagement of local implementers in the Make Healthy Normal campaign, implemented in New South Wales (NSW), Australia from 2015 to 2018, and to describe their engagement with the campaign as well as the scope and extent of complementary activities.MethodsWe conducted 13 in‐depth semi‐structured qualitative interviews with health and nonhealth stakeholders from a range of urban, regional and rural settings across NSW. We analysed the interviews thematically, using an inductive and iterative approach.ResultsWe found stakeholder engagement (ie decision to buy into and commit resources) to the campaign was underpinned by two main drivers: “understanding”, or how well they understood the campaign and their role in it, and “perceived fit”, or how appropriate it was to their context. A third factor, “communication” functioned to enhance both understanding and perceived fit.ConclusionOur results suggest that stakeholders would engage with the campaign more where they had a sound understanding of the campaign objectives and content, and an appreciation of how the campaign fits their strategic and procedural context.So What?Campaign managers should incorporate clear, regular and efficient communication with local implementers and work with these groups early in the campaign development process. Organisers should also support and promote a “community of practice” approach to capitalise on the innovations of those promoting campaign messages at the community level.
Ethical guidelines for publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle: update 2019
Authors: von Haehling Stephan , Morley John E. , Coats Andrew J. S. , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article details an updated version of the principles of ethical authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM) and its two daughter journals JCSM Rapid Communication and JCSM Clinical Reports. We request of all author sending to the journal a paper for consideration that at the time of submission to JCSM, the corresponding author, on behalf of all co‐authors, needs to certify adherence to these principles. The principles are as follows:

all authors listed on a manuscript considered for publication have approved its submission and (if accepted) approve publication in JCSM as provided;
each named author has made a material and independent contribution to the work submitted for publication;
no person who has a right to be recognized as author has been omitted from the list of authors on the submitted manuscript;
the submitted work is original and is neither under consideration elsewhere nor that it has been published previously in whole or in part other than in abstract form;
all authors certify that the submitted work is original and does not contain excessive overlap with prior or contemporaneous publication elsewhere, and where the publication reports on cohorts, trials, or data that have been reported on before the facts need to be acknowledged and these other publications must be referenced;
all original research work has been approved by the relevant bodies such as institutional review boards or ethics committees;
all relevant conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, that may affect the authors' ability to present data objectively, and relevant sources of funding of the research in question have been duly declared in the manuscript;
the manuscript in its published form will be maintained on the servers of JCSM as a valid publication only as long as all statements in the guidelines on ethical publishing remain true.
If any of the aforementioned statements ceases to be true, the authors have a duty to notify as soon as possible the Editors of JCSM, JCSM Rapid Communication, and JCSM Clinical Reports, respectively, so that the available information regarding the published article can be updated and/or the manuscript can be withdrawn.