bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of reticulocyte hemoglobin in diagnosing latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Chandrashekar Kavya , T. Yashoda H. , Reddy Varsha Monica 
Published: April 2020

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia and studies have shown poor cognition, psychomotor and social/emotional development in children who are deficient in iron, even with normal hemoglobin levels, the so-called Latent phase of Iron deficiency. It is therefore crucial to identify LID, as well as IDA at the earliest stage, in order to initiate treatment. Many tests like serum ferritin and soluble transferring receptor(sTfR) have been described collectively as a panel to detect iron deficiency; however no single test is specific enough to be used independently. Also during treatment it takes weeks to observe changes in Hb, hematocrit or RBC indices, hence the need for a more sensitive and reliable test. Objective was to evaluate effectiveness of CHr in diagnosing LID and IDA.Methods: Samples were collected from 180 children, clinically suspected to be anemic. Complete hemogram and Iron profile were measured. Three groups were defined, LID (Tfsat <20%, Hb >11g/dL; n=52), IDA (Tfsat <20%, Hb <11g/dL; (n=84) and controls (Tfsat >20%, Hb >11g/dL; n=44). The mean values of RBC indices, Iron profile and CHr was compared across the groups. A cut off value of <26 pg CHr was taken to represent Iron deficiency state.Results: Comparison between anemic group and control found that all RBC indices were found to be significantly lower including Reticulocyte hemoglobin. All of the variables in anemic group were lower compared to latent iron deficient group except MCHC and reticulocyte count. CHr was found to be statistically lower in LID and IDA group in comparison to control group.Conclusions: CHr can be used as a valuable indicator in diagnosis as well as follow-up of LID and IDA, which is easily available and inexpensive.
A study to assess the prevalence of atypical organisms in pneumonia in children aged 1 month to 3 years by serum polymerase chain reaction in KIMS Hospital, Bangalore, India
Authors: Ramya H. S. , Gopi Anjana , Elango Vivetha 
Published: April 2020

Background: Atypical organisms are a common causative agent of pneumonia in children more than 3 years of age. Though atypical pathogens are said to cause relatively milder form of pneumonia severe manifestations can also occur. Very few studies are available on the prevalence of atypical pneumonia in children less than 3 years. Hence in this study the prevalence of atypical organisms in pneumonia was identified by using serum Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in children between 1 month to 3 years of age with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia admitted in wards and PICU in KIMS hospital. Authors excluded Immuno compromised children. Detailed history and clinical examination was done. Investigations - complete hemogram, Chest X-ray, blood Culture and sensitivity and serum PCR was done for a sample size of 50 children.Results: Among the three atypical organisms, Legionella pneumoniae was identified in 4% (2/50) cases by serum PCR.Conclusions: In this study it was found that the prevalence of 4%. Legionella pneumonia can be fatal in 10% of cases. Hence atypical pathogens like Legionella should be kept in mind even in children less than 3 years when pneumonia is not responding to beta lactam antibiotics, in such cases macrolides to be considered.
Predictors of mortality in children hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Baskaran Vinnamangalam Mani , Naaraayan Sridevi A. , Priyadharishini Dorairaj 
Published: April 2020

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Identification of factors contributing to mortality is crucial to decrease the mortality due to SAM. This study aims at identification of factors affecting mortality in hospitalized SAM children.Methods: This study was done in general pediatric wards of a Government tertiary care center from July 2015 to June 2016. Total 200 children admitted to the hospital with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) as per World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were recorded in structured proforma. These children were followed up till death or discharge and their progress and outcome were noted. The risk factors considered were younger age (infancy), female sex and presence of systemic illness, sepsis, retroviral positivity, severe anaemia, pneumonia and diarrhea and these were compared between those who died and survivors. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the significant risk factors.Results: The mortality rate was 10.5%. Presence of systemic illness, sepsis and retroviral positivity were significant risk factors at the end of univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression, while the others were insignificant.Conclusions: Systemic diseases, sepsis and retroviral disease are poor prognostic features and are risk factors of mortality in hospitalized SAM children.
Self-medication with antimicrobials in children: a study in tertiary care hospital, Odisha, India
Authors: Ganguly Sristi , Pankaj Kiran C. , Satpathy Saroj K. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is emerging as global threat to health, the injudicious use being linked to multiple reasons namely parental misconceptions, easy drug availability and previous experiences. Children, due to frequent illnesses, are victims of this misuse and more than fifty percent of these drugs are self-medicated by caregivers. This study attempts to assess the trends associated with self-medication with antimicrobials in children and the factors associated with it.Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study, among pediatric outpatients aged 1 month to 14 years, in SCBMCH and SVPPGIP, Cuttack, during March 2019 to September 2019. A structured dichotomous questionnaire was administered to caregivers, including details of socio-demography and antimicrobials self-medicated. A pilot study was done for period of 1 month, and questionnaire accordingly modified. Data was analysed with Chi- square test and percentages, using SPSS 18.Results: Among the 300 patients studied, prevalence of self-medication with antimicrobials was 21%. Most patients self-medicated on pharmacists’ advice (44.4%), commonest reason being similar illness previously (41.3%). Fever (31.7%) and cold cough (28.6%) were usual conditions, with Azithromycin being most frequently administered. 54% of cases self-medicating antimicrobials, had errors of dose or duration, with 27% reporting side-effects. Child’s age (p=0.042), father’s age (p=0.044), mother’s age (p=0.002), chronic illness in child (p=0.002) and type of family (p=0.011) were significantly associated with antimicrobial self-medication in children.Conclusions: The high prevalence of self-medication with antimicrobials mandates need to educate parents and enforce laws regarding illegal dispensing of these drugs, to reduce the threat from resistance.
Seizures in a child with tuberculomas: case report
Authors: Bhatti Karandeep S. , Singh Arvinder 
Published: April 2020

Central tuberculomas, occurring because of the haematogenous spread of M. tuberculosis, can present variably with the symptoms ranging from headache, decreased level of consciousness, neck stiffness to altered mental status, seizures and focal deficits. Diagnostic investigations include but are not limited to CSF analysis, MRI Brain, CT head, and AFB smear, mycobacterial cultures or CBNAAT of the CSF sample. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can help distinguishing the tuberculoma from its differentials by showing a peculiar lipid peak. Treatment with the antituberculosis drugs over a prolonged period of time along with dexamethasone usually shows significant clinical improvement. Authors present to you the case report of an 8 year old boy who presented to the pediatric emergency with generalized tonic clonic seizures and was subsequently detected with the tuberculoma with the help of MRI Brain and CBNAAT (cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test) of CSF sample. The objective of this case report is to discuss the symptoms, pathogenesis, detection and management of tuberculomas, which are still quite common in the developing countries and if left untreated are associated with high morbidity and mortality.
The effect of the supportive program on the anxiety of mothers of infants with gastrointestinal anomalies
Authors: Seyedrasooli Alehe , Malakouti Jamileh , Jabraeili Mahnaz , Heykalabadi Soraya , Ghogazadeh Morteza 
Published: April 2020

Background & Aim: The birth of an abnormal infant and his admission to the intensive care unit creates various mental health effects on their mothers and increases their anxiety. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of supportive programs on the anxiety of mothers of infants with gastrointestinal anomalies.
Methods & Materials: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Tabriz, Iran. In this study, 50 mothers who had infants with gastrointestinal anomalies were assigned randomly to control and intervention groups. The control group received routine care, and the intervention group received special supportive care: emotional, informational, self-esteem, and caring support during four sessions for a 45-minute duration. Maternal anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed by using SPSS/19 and paired-sample and independent t-test.
Results: The results showed that both groups of mothers had high-level anxiety in the pre-test. In the post-test, the mothers' anxiety level in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group. ANCOVA test to compare the mean difference of state and trait anxiety in both groups showed that these changes were statistically significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion: This study tried to introduce a protocol to protect mothers of gastrointestinal anomalies, which could be used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The findings of this study also highlighted the importance of supporting one of the fundamental principles of family-centered care. Based on the outcomes of this research, emotional, informational, self-esteem, and caring support could reduce the mother’s anxiety.
Oral vs intravenous acetaminophen as a constituent of multimodal analgesia after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized, blinded trial
Authors: Yarahmadi Sajad , Moradi Behzad , Mohammadi Rasool , Saran Maryam , Ardalan Arash , Mohammadi Noordin , Cheraghian Tayebeh 
Published: April 2020

Background & Aim: This trial aimed to compare the pain relief and side effects of Oral Acetaminophen (OA) and Intravenous Acetaminophen (IVA) after CABG surgery.
Methods & Materials: This parallel-group, triple-blinded, randomized trial was conducted on 113 CABG patients from September 2017 through February 2018. The samples were selected through blocked randomization and allocated into two groups using computer-generated. The participants administered 1gr oral (OA group, n=57) or intravenous Acetaminophen (IVA group, n=56) every 6h for the first 24h following surgery; also, pain controlled in both group with Morphine multimodal analgesia strategy. Pain intensity measurement by VAS was followed after extubating the endotracheal tube at the 0, 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours during the rest and deep breathing. The Morphine consumption and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the first 24h were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Chi-square, t-test, mixed ANOVA and ANCOVA test.
Results: The pain score in the IVA group was found to be statistically significantly lower than the OA group at rest (P<0.001) and during deep breathing (P<0.001) in the first 24h. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding the cumulative Morphine consumption (P=0.056). The use of IVA was associated with a reduction in frequencies of nausea and vomiting incidents (P=0.029).
Conclusion: Administration of IVA for the management of postoperative pain in CABG patients significantly reduced pain score and incidence of nausea and vomiting compared to OA. Any reduction in cumulative Morphine consumption did not accompany the lower pain.
Sustainable Software Engineering:A Perspective of Individual Sustainability
Authors: Nazir Sumaira , Fatima Nargis , Chuprat Suriayati , Sarkan Haslina , F Nurulhuda , Sjarif Nilam N.A. 
Published: April 2020

Sustainable software engineering is a mean of developing sustainable software with sustainable software engineering process activities while balancing its various dimensions for instance economic, environmental, social, technical and individual. It is conveyed that the economic, technical, environmental and social dimensions are explored to satisfactory degree however the individual dimension of sustainable software engineering which is concerned with wellbeing of software engineers is not explored to satisfactory degree with respect to its understanding and challenges. Therefore, the aim of the study is to highlight and prioritize the challenges regarding individual sustainability dimension. The study also provides the mitigation strategies for the top five individual sustainability challenges. The systematic literature review has been performed to report the challenges and mitigation strategies. The study finding shows that lack of domain knowledge, lack of methodologies and tool support, lack of education, varying and unidentified situations and lack of sustainable software engineering practices are top most challenges regarding individual sustainability. These challenges need an urgent attention to achieve the goal of sustainable software engineering. The study also reports various mitigation strategies to overcome the risk of identified top most individual sustainability challenges such as to introduce sustainable software engineering education and knowledge in software engineering curricula, development of knowledge sharing frameworks and awareness regarding unclear and varying situations for each software engineering activity etc. The study will be beneficial for sustainable software engineering body of knowledge, sustainable software engineering practitioners and researchers by providing classified list of individual sustainability challenges and their mitigation strategies.
Multi-Dimensional Interface Design of E-Commerce for Virtual Museum System
Authors: Tengku Wook Tengku Siti Meriam , Mat Nor Siti Fadzilah , Mohamed Hazura , Sahari Ashaari Noraidah , Mat Zin Nor Azan 
Published: April 2020

This research focuses on the interface design for E-commerce for virtual museum system that can be displayed in multi dimensions. The existing system (muziummaya.terengganu.gov.my) has proved that information presented with the existing interface cannot be presented effectively through mobile device. Navigation is also difficult to the human cognitive since a lot of information displayed in one screen. Furthermore, the existing system is only available in Malay language and the digitized artifacts are only 10-20% from the whole collection. The existing virtual museum was analyzed to obtain user's perspectives from the aspect of information displayed and the results of this analysis serves as an input and guideline in designing the model and interface of a virtual museum system. The finding of these analysis also determines the best techniques in displaying information in the context of multi-dimensional designs, the information needed in a virtual museum's system and the most suitable e-commerce platform. These findings are used in designing a multi-dimensional interface design for an e-commerce system for a virtual museum. The result of this study proved that information presented is more effective due to ease of navigation of the system. Thus, it shows an increase in the usability and users gained more experience while using the system.
s-SCMM: A Simplified Software Configuration Management Model for Software Services in Public University
Authors: Mohamad Zulaikha , Yahaya Jamaiah , Deraman Aziz , Mansor Zulkefli 
Published: April 2020

Software Configuration Management (SCM) is a process that supports Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which benefits project management, development activities, maintenance activities, quality assurance activities, and the end users of the software product. However, findings from series of interviews have proven that SCM is difficult to operate and to be implemented by the practitioners in public universities specifically in Malaysia. Some of the SCM activities could be aided by using the SCM automated tools, however not all practitioners opted that due to inflexibility of the tools. Theoretical and empirical study have identified and revealed the current practices, success factors, essential elements, and components of SCM that were used frequently and beneficial among software practitioners. The empirical study also found that the main components of s-SCMM are process, SCM tool, and human. The s-SCMM was proposed and developed by considering the main components: process, tools, human, and success factors. The s-SCMM model was validated through expert review. As the result, a Simplified SCM Model (or s-SCMM) was proposed and developed to help the execution and implementation of SCM in public university environment. The s-SCMM model is simplified by focusing on change management, version control, system building, and release management. Therefore, s-SCMM will become a platform to assist total implementation of SCM in organization. By using this model, the preparation and usage of SCM artefacts could become more effective, efficient, and systematic.
Network Structure of Institutions in Cassava Agro-Industry Development in Lima Puluh Kota District
Authors: Hakimi Rini , Noer Melinda , Nofialdi - , Hasnah - 
Published: April 2020

The development of cassava agro-industry in Lima Puluh Kota District is very potential. It is related that Lima Puluh Kota District is the largest cassava commodity production district in West Sumatera Province. There are formal and informal institutions that support the development of agro-industry through various activities involving agro-industry. This study aims to describe the network structure of formal and informal institutions in the development of cassava agro-industry in Lima Puluh Kota District. This research uses mixed methods research. Data and information in this study are obtained from literature studies, observations, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) used for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics, and qualitative analysis used the interactive model. The results of this research showed that the frequency of interactions of informal institutions and agro-industry is more often than formal institutions. Social relations are more dominant than business relations in the network structure of formal institutions and agro-industry. On the other hand, the network structure of informal institutions and agro-industry, business relations are more dominant comparing social relations. Social relations can get through coaching activities such as counseling, training, procurement of production equipment, and business licensing. While business relationships can get through transactions such as purchasing, selling, land leasing, loan of capital, saving of money, and transfer of money. Informal institution relations occur in every agro-industry activity, starting from procurement of raw materials, auxiliary materials, processing, and marketing products. Formal institution relations occur in processing and marketing products.
Non-Linear Control of a DC Microgrid for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Authors: Benamar Abdelkarim , Travaillé Pierre , Clairand Jean-Michel , Escrivá-Escrivá Guillermo 
Published: April 2020

Environmental concerns push governments to invest in renewable energy (RE). They are natural sources with a low carbon footprint and do not pollute locally. However, it is technically difficult to deploy high penetration of RE into the utility grid, due to the generation uncertainties and high installation costs, which are some of the most critical issues in RES use in this area. To address this issue, DC microgrids arise as a solution to integrate local distributed generation (DG) and storage, and to mitigate the issues related to AC/DC and DC/AC converters. Thanks to their main advantages for the power grid and energy consumers, microgrids have gained significant interest in recent years. By another side, the electric vehicles (EVs) market is expected to grow in the coming years, which represent a new load that must be properly managed to avoid grid issues. Thus, this paper discusses the operation of DC microgrid considering the introduction of EVs. A nonlinear control is presented, including the modeling of charging of EVs. The simulated DC microgrid includes solar PV, a battery, and a supercapacitor. Significant variations from PV generation were included to highlight the performance of the methodology. The results show that the voltage fluctuations are small, which provides the DC microgrid with the required voltage stability. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that DC microgrids can be integrated in isolated locations that are not connected to the main grid in view of the RESs and EVs.
Analysis of the Structure, Conduct, and Market Performance of Gambier in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hendri Muhammad , Syahni Rahmat , Nofialdi - , Ifdal - 
Published: April 2020

Gambier is a significant Indonesian export commodity contributing more than US$ 55 million to the economy. Production of gambier is centered in the province of West Sumatra, specifically Lima Puluh Kota Regency. This research aims to analyze the structure, conduct, and market performance of gambier commodity in West Sumatra. Fifty-two gambier farmers and twelve gambier traders were interviewed with data that were analyzed descriptively to determine the market structure, market conduct, and market performance. Based on the number of end buyers (exporters) in West Sumatra, which are relatively small, only 16 companies compared to the number of sellers (farmers Gambier), this study concluded Gambier market structure tends to be monopsony. The majority of gambier exports from West Sumatra went to India. The market concentration analysis obtained a CR4 value of â‰¥ 0.8, which means low competition in the gambier commodity market. The market entry barriers analysis obtained an average value of MES of 35%, indicating the existence of barriers to market entry for new competitors. Four institutions were involved in marketing; collecting traders I, collecting traders II, interregional traders, and exporters. Of the four marketing channels, farmers-traders II-interregional traders (PAD)-exporters, was the most widely used, amounting to 51.92% of gambier trade. The research shows how different marketing channels benefit different institutions and provides suggestions to move towards a marketing system that provides more benefits to producers. The highest total marketing margin is on channel 1; Farmers-Merchants Merchants Gatherer I-II- Traders Inter (PAD) - Exporters. It occurs because channel 1 provides more marketing agencies. The highest of sharing farmers is the channel 4, i.e. farmers- interregional traders -exporters by 63.15%, and the lowest is in channel 2 (farmers-collecting traders II - interregional traders (PAD)-exporters) of 57.2 %.