bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YARS as an oncogenic protein that promotes gastric cancer progression through activating PI3K-Akt signaling
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Lin Xiaoting , Zhao Qian , Wang Yakun , Jiang Fangli , Ji Congcong , Li Yanyan , Gao Jing , Li Jian , Shen Lin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Members of the aaRS (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase) family are proteins controlling the aminoacylation process, in which YARS (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase) catalyzes the binding of tyrosine to its cognate tRNA and plays an important role in basic biosynthesis. Several studies have demonstrated the association between YARS mutation and certain developmental abnormalities/diseases, yet YARS’s linkage with cancer remains uncategorized. In this study, by combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies, we explored the expressions and functions of YARS in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods
We evaluated YARS’s distribution in tumor and paired normal tissues/specimens of GC by referring to large cohort online datasets and patient-derived tissue specimens. YARS-related changes were assessed by phenotypical/molecular experiments and RNA-sequencing analysis in GC cell lines harboring YARS knockdown or overexpression.

Results
Both the transcript and protein levels of YARS were evidently higher in gastric cancer tissues than in paired normal tissues. YARS knockdown induced repressed proliferation and invasiveness, as well as enhanced apoptosis in GC cell lines, while abnormally upregulating YARS expression promoted gastric cancer growth in vivo. We inferred based on RNA-sequencing that YARS modulates multiple cancerous signaling pathways and proved through cellular experiments that YARS promoted GC progression, as well as homologous recombination by activating PI3K-Akt signaling.

Conclusions
By revealing the existence of a YARS-PI3K-Akt signaling axis in gastric cancer, we discovered that tRNA synthetase YARS is a novel tumorigenic factor, characterized by its upregulation in tumor-derived specimens, as well as its functions in promoting gastric cancer progression.
Measurement of the degree of polarisation of thermally modified Scots pine using a Stokes imaging polarimeter
Authors: Niskanen Ilpo , Räty Jukka , Soetedjo Hariyadi , Hibino Kenichi , Oohashi Hiroshi , Heikkilä Rauno , Matsuda Kiyofumi , Otani Yukitoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study measured the polarised light reflected from the surface of thermally modified Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood using a Stokes imaging polarimeter. The data were analysed using the Mueller matrix method. The Scots pine boards were heat treated in an oven at temperatures of 160 ºC, 200 ºC and 220 ºC, with a heat treatment time of 3 h at the maximum temperature. The results indicated that the chemical composition of the thermally modified wood underwent a permanent transformation, leading to a change in the degree of polarisation of the reflected light. The presented method provides useful information for inspecting the quality of thermally modified wood products.
Incorporating self-reported health measures in risk equalization through constrained regression
Authors: Withagen-Koster A. A. , van Kleef R. C. , Eijkenaar F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost health insurance markets with premium-rate restrictions include a risk equalization system to compensate insurers for predictable variation in spending. Recent research has shown, however, that even the most sophisticated risk equalization systems tend to undercompensate (overcompensate) groups of people with poor (good) self-reported health, confronting insurers with incentives for risk selection. Self-reported health measures are generally considered infeasible for use as an explicit ‘risk adjuster’ in risk equalization models. This study examines an alternative way to exploit this information, namely through ‘constrained regression’ (CR). To do so, we use administrative data (N = 17 m) and health survey information (N = 380 k) from the Netherlands. We estimate five CR models and compare these models with the actual Dutch risk equalization model of 2016 which was estimated by ordinary least squares (OLS). In the CR models, the estimated coefficients are restricted, such that the under-/overcompensation for groups based on self-reported general health is reduced by 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100%. Our results show that CR can improve outcomes for groups that are not explicitly flagged by risk adjuster variables, but worsens outcomes for groups that are explicitly flagged by risk adjuster variables. Using a new standardized metric that summarizes under-/overcompensation for both types of groups, we find that the lighter constraints can lead to better outcomes than OLS.
Worlds apart or two sides of the same coin? Attitudes, meanings, and motives of potential oocyte and sperm donors in Austria
Authors: Flatscher-Thöni M. , Böttcher B. , Geser W. , Lampe A. , Werner-Felmayer G. , Voithofer C. , Schusterschitz C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Gamete donors and recipients of such donations have been explored by previous studies, which mostly focus on post-donation scenarios. Our study analyses the general willingness to donate oocytes or sperm and focuses on differences between potential female and male donors in attitudes, meanings, and motives in a pre-donation setting.

Methods
An electronic survey (n = 555 students) was used in this anonymous observational study. To enable comparisons between men and women regarding their attitudes, meanings, and motives and their willingness to donate gametes, we designed two separate questionnaires.

Results
The sample was divided into three groups based on the willingness to donate: potential donors (n = 133; women: 48.1%, men: 51.9%); doubtful donors (n = 207; women: 75.8%, men: 24.2%); and non-donors (n = 215; women: 68.3%, men: 31.7%). The group of potential male donors (39.2%) was significantly larger than the group of potential female donors (16.9%). Significant differences regarding altruism, the meaning of one’s self-worth, and passing on the own genes were found between doubtful and potential donors. Potential donors attached less value to altruism but more value to the enhancement of one’s self-worth and passing on one’s genes than doubtful donors. The motive of passing on one’s genes and altruistic motives were more important to men than to women.

Conclusion
This study helps to create a better understanding of potential donors in the existing donation framework and supports the evaluation of the given regimes in the context of designing an improved framework.
The risk of cross-border pollution and the influence of regional climate on the rainwater chemistry in the Southern Carpathians, Romania
Authors: Keresztesi Ágnes , Nita Ion-Andrei , Birsan Marius-Victor , Bodor Zsolt , Szép Róbert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is the assessment of rainwater composition, regarding the various sources of major ions and heavy metals, taking into account the characteristic atmospheric circulations and the main air mass transport routes. Rainwater samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, major ions, and heavy metals. At all sampling sites, the most abundant anions were SO42ˉ and Clˉ, while the dominant cations were Ca2+ and Mg2+. Regarding heavy metals, the dominance of Pb and Cd was found. The contribution of soil dust from the mining activities and the dissolution of CaCO3, MgCO3, and CaSO4·2H2O in the rainwater explains the high concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42−. The overall precipitation contamination with heavy metals at the three sampling sites was assessed by the degree of contamination, showing that Pb and Cd presents the highest risks of all heavy metals. The values of toxicity potential suggested an elevated risk for human health in case of rainwater ingestion, especially in rural areas. Spearman correlation and PCA indicated that the chemical characteristic of the rainwater is primarily controlled by sources such as agricultural activities, mixed and crustal sources, traffic, and other anthropogenic, industrial influences, mining activities, smelting operations, coal combustion, and metal production.
Epitaxial Growth and Optically Pumped Stimulated Emission in AlGaN/InGaN Ultraviolet Multi-Quantum-Well Structures
Authors: Chen Ping , Park Young Jae , Liu Yuh-Shiuan , Detchprohm Theeradetch , Yoder P. Douglas , Shen Shyh-Chiang , Dupuis Russell D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe thermal effect of the growth temperature on interface morphology and stimulated emission in ultraviolet AlGaN/InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are experimentally investigated. During the MOCVD epitaxial growth of AlGaN/InGaN MQWs, the ramping rate from a lower temperature for InGaN quantum wells (QWs) to a higher one for AlGaN quantum barriers (QBs) is intentionally changed from 1.0°C/s to 4.0°C/s. Atomic force microscopy images show that the surface morphology of InGaN QWs, which is improved by a thermal effect when the growth temperature rises to the set value of the AlGaN QBs, varies with different temperature ramping rates. The results of stimulated emission indicate that the threshold pumping power density of MQWs is decreased with increasing temperature ramping rate from 1.0°C/s to 3.0°C/s and then slightly increased when the ramping rate is 4.0°C/s. This phenomenon is believed to result from the thermal degradation effect during the temperature ramp step. A long-time high-temperature annealing will reduce the density of indium-rich microstructures as well as the corresponding localized state density, which is assumed to contribute to the radiative recombination in the InGaN QWs. Given the great difference between optimal growth temperatures for AlGaN and InGaN layers, a higher ramping rate would be more appropriate for the growth of ultraviolet AlGaN/InGaN MQWs.
Battery Technologies for Grid-Level Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage
Authors: Fan Xiayue , Liu Bin , Liu Jie , Ding Jia , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Lv Xiaojun , Xie Ying , Chen Bing , Hu Wenbin , Zhong Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGrid-level large-scale electrical energy storage (GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Seidl-Philipp Magdalena , Nguyen Van Anh 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for approximately 20% of all skin cancers. Its rising incidence represents a major public health concern. The majority of cSCC are curable by surgical resection. Although less than 5% of cSCC patients develop metastases or local recurrence after complete excision, advanced cSCC is difficult to treat. Until recently, no standard therapeutic regimen for advanced cSCC exists. Traditional therapies include chemotherapy and EGFR-targeted therapy, but their clinical benefit remains modest and has been demonstrated mostly in retrospective studies. On the contrary, PD-1 inhibitors dramatically improve outcomes in many immunocompetent cSCC patients, resulting in the approval of cemiplimab as the first FDA-approved systemic drug for patients with locally advanced or metastatic cSCC who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. In the coming years combination therapies are an emerging treatment strategy that could improve efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in advanced cSCC. Moreover, several prospective controlled trials have been designed to explore the potential role of PD-1 inhibitors in the adjuvant and neodjuvant setting. Given the paucity of data, the management of immunocompromised cSCC patients requires a heightened awareness in this new era of cancer therapeutics.
Preoperatieve (directe) anticoagulantia en secundaire bloedingen na TURP
Authors: van der Velde-Kemmeren Angelique A. T. M. , Zwaan Peter J. , Bossema Ercolie R. 
Published: January 2020

SamenvattingEen transurethrale resectie van de prostaat (TURP) wordt uitgevoerd ter behandeling van een goedaardige prostaatvergroting. In dit onderzoek is nagegaan of er een relatie is tussen preoperatief gebruik van (directe) orale anticoagulantia ((D)OAC) en secundaire bloedingen na een TURP. Hiertoe zijn van alle mannen die in 2016 of 2017 in Gelre ziekenhuizen een bipolaire TURP ondergingen gegevens verzameld over preoperatief (D)OAC-gebruik, secundaire bloedingen en heropnamen tot vier weken postoperatief. Bij 15 % van de 376 geïncludeerde patiënten ontstond een secundaire bloeding, namelijk bij 24 % met preoperatief OAC-gebruik (met name DOAC) en bij 9 % zonder preoperatief OAC-gebruik (p < 0,001). Bij 5 % was heropname nodig, namelijk bij 7 % met preoperatief OAC-gebruik (met name DOAC) en bij 3 % zonder preoperatief OAC-gebruik (p = 0,10). Patiënten die een TURP ondergaan en preoperatief OAC gebruiken, in het bijzonder DOAC, hebben dus mogelijk een verhoogd risico op een secundaire bloeding. Verder onderzoek met meer patiënten is echter nodig om de resultaten te bevestigen.
Bayesian network Fisher kernel for categorical feature spaces
Authors: Leppä-aho Janne , Silander Tomi , Roos Teemu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe address the problem of defining similarity between vectors of possibly dependent categorical variables by deriving formulas for the Fisher kernel for Bayesian networks. While both Bayesian networks and Fisher kernels are established techniques, this result does not seem to appear in the literature. Such a kernel naturally opens up the possibility to conduct kernel-based analyses in completely categorical feature spaces with dependent features. We show experimentally how this kernel can be used to find subsets of observations that we see as representative for the underlying Bayesian network model.
Review of High-Quality Random Number Generators
Authors: James Frederick , Moneta Lorenzo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis is a review of pseudorandom number generators (RNG’s) of the highest quality, suitable for use in the most demanding Monte Carlo calculations. All the RNG’s we recommend here are based on the Kolmogorov–Anosov theory of mixing in classical mechanical systems, which guarantees under certain conditions and in certain asymptotic limits, that points on the trajectories of these systems can be used to produce random number sequences of exceptional quality. We outline this theory of mixing and establish criteria for deciding which RNG’s are sufficiently good approximations to the ideal mathematical systems that guarantee highest quality. The well-known RANLUX (at highest luxury level) and its recent variant RANLUX++ are seen to meet our criteria, and some of the proposed versions of MIXMAX can be modified easily to meet the same criteria.
Effect of new olivacine derivatives on p53 protein level
Authors: Gębarowski Tomasz , Wiatrak Benita , Gębczak Katarzyna , Tylińska Beata , Gąsiorowski Kazimierz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe p53 protein is a transcription factor for many genes, including genes involved in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in genotoxically damaged and tumor-transformed cells. In more than 55% of cases of human cancers, loss of the essential function of p53 protein is found. In numerous reports, it has been shown that small molecules (chemical compounds) can restore the suppressor function of the mutant p53 protein in tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anticancer activity of three newly synthesized olivacine derivatives.MethodsThe study was performed using two cell lines—CCRF/CEM (containing the mutant p53 protein) and A549 (containing a non-mutant, wild-type p53 protein). The cells were incubated with olivacine derivatives for 18 h and then assays were carried out: measurement of the amount of p53 and p21 proteins, detection of apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, and rhodamine 123 accumulation assay (evaluation of P-glycoprotein inhibition). Multiple-criteria decision analysis was used to compare the anticancer activity of the tested compounds.ResultsEach tested compound caused the reconstitution of suppressor activity of the p53 protein in cells with the mutant protein. In addition, one of the compounds showed significant antitumor activity in both wild-type and mutant cells. For all compounds, a stronger effect on the level of the p53 protein was observed than for the reference compound—ellipticine.ConclusionsThe observed effects of the tested new olivacine derivatives (pyridocarbazoles) suggest that they are good candidates for new anticancer drugs.
Can helping others strengthen teens? Character strengths as mediators between prosocial behavior and adolescents’ internalizing symptoms
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Millett Mallory A. , Memmott‐Elison Madison K. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIdentifying protective factors against internalizing behaviors during adolescence is a public health priority, as rates of depression and anxiety are rising. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine whether prosocial engagement toward strangers and family members is protective against depressive and anxiety symptoms, and whether this link is mediated by character strengths (i.e., hope, persistence, gratitude, and self‐esteem).MethodThe sample consisted of 500 US adolescents (52% female; 66% European American; 33% from single‐parent families). Data across three consecutive yearly waves were utilized in the current study (Mage Time 1 = 13.32).ResultsResults of a longitudinal structural equation model revealed prosocial behavior toward strangers and family members were differentially related to character strengths, and that prosocial behavior toward strangers was indirectly associated with depressive symptoms via self‐esteem.ConclusionTaken together, findings extend the Developmental Cascades model and suggest that prosocial behavior and character strengths protect against depressive symptoms during the adolescent period. Findings are discussed in the context of relevant research and theory, and implications for future research and intervention programs are presented.
Ten‐eleven translocation‐2 affects the fate of cells and has therapeutic potential in digestive tumors
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Jing , Qi Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTen‐eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases catalyze the oxidative reactions of 5‐methylcytosine (5‐mC) to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5‐hmC), 5‐formylcytosine (5‐fC), and 5‐carboxylcytosine (5‐caC), which are intermediate steps during DNA demethylation. It is reported that somatic mutations of TET2 gene are identified in a variety of human tumors, especially in hematological malignancies. The tendency and mechanism of cellular differentiation in different systems are affected by TET2 via regulation of associated gene expression or maintenance of demethylated state. TET2 acts as a critical driver of tumorigenesis through the conversion of 5‐mC to 5‐hmC and successive oxidation products. Sometimes, it requires special interactions and cofactors. Here, we reviewed recent advances in understanding the function of TET2 proteins in regulating cell differentiation, and its role in various tumors focusing on several digestive cancers.
Dietary intake of phloridzin from natural occurrence in foods
Authors: Niederberger Katherine E. , Tennant David R. , Bellion Phillip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major diseases of our times. Besides being a considerable inconvenience for the patient, the associated healthcare expenses are tremendous. One of the cornerstones of T2DM prevention is a healthy diet, including a variety of fruits and vegetables. Apples are touted to have health benefits, and the apple polyphenol, phloridzin, has gained interest in recent years as it can reduce intestinal sugar uptake by inhibition of the Na/glucose cotransporter 1. By researching the amount of phloridzin in different food sources and linking them to their consumption data, we could estimate the average and high-level phloridzin consumption in Europe. On average, European people consume 0·7–7·5 mg/d phloridzin, the main contributors being apples and apple juice. High-level consumers may get up to 52 mg/d of phloridzin. Older people are more at risk of developing T2DM, yet they consume less phloridzin than adolescents and adults, as determined by our survey. Management of blood glucose levels might be improved by the consumption of phloridzin, as has been shown in recent clinical trials; these trials used phloridzin-enriched apple extract at doses exceeding those from normal food consumption. There are, however, indications that consumption of average to high levels of phloridzin via food might also contribute to reduced sugar load and a reduction in T2DM risk.
The utility of computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging fusion in cholesteatoma: illustration with a UK case series
Authors: Hall A , St Leger D , Singh A , Lingam R K 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivePost-processing imaging techniques allow high-resolution computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone to be superimposed and viewed simultaneously (fusion imaging). This study aimed to highlight the practical utility of fusion imaging for disease localisation and evaluation in a UK case series of primary and post-operative cholesteatoma.MethodFusion of computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance b1000 images was performed using specific software. Axial computed tomography images and coronal b1000 images were selected for fusion.ResultsA case series of primary and post-operative cholesteatoma in which computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fusion assisted the management of both the patient pathway and surgical approach is reviewed.ConclusionComputed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fusion can assist in pre-operative surgical planning and patient counselling through assessment of disease in both primary and revision scenarios. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fusion can assist the operative surgeon through accurate localisation that can influence both the operative technique and optimise operation theatre utilisation.