bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with autoimmune encephalitis: clues for paraneoplastic aetiology
Authors: Iorio R. , Damato V. , Spagni G. , Della Marca G. , Vollono C. , Masi G. , Papi C. , Campetella L. , Monte G. , Evoli A. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeAutoimmune encephalitis (AE) represents a complex syndrome with diverse clinical manifestations and therapeutic outcomes. The aim of this study was to report the clinical characteristics and the long‐term outcome of patients with paraneoplastic and idiopathic AE.MethodsAll patients with subacute encephalopathy admitted to the Neurology Department of our Institution from January 2012 to May 2019 were consecutively enrolled. Patients’ serum and cerebrospinal fluid were tested for neural‐specific autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assays on mouse brain, rat neurons, cell‐based assays and immunoblots. Outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale score.ResultsFrom 107 adult patients with subacute encephalopathy, 50 patients were finally diagnosed with AE. Neural antibodies (Abs) were detected in 45/50 patients (90%). Leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated protein 1 immunoglobulin G was the most frequent (6/50, 12%) Ab specific to neural surface antigens detected in adults with AE. Paraneoplastic encephalitis was diagnosed in 16/50 patients (32%). The presence of bilateral temporal lobe lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid restricted oligoclonal bands was associated with a higher probability to detect cancer at the time of AE diagnosis. All patients with Abs to neural surface antigens had a good outcome at last follow‐up. Severe disability at AE onset and the lack of long‐term immunosuppression predicted a poor outcome.ConclusionsLeucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated protein 1 immunoglobulin G was the most frequent Ab detected. Patients with bilateral temporal lobe lesions and oligoclonal bands have a higher probability to harbour an occult tumour. In these patients, a strict surveillance and monitoring for cancer detection is recommended.
Movement disorders after hypoxic brain injury following cardiac arrest in adults
Authors: Scheibe F. , Neumann W. J. , Lange C. , Scheel M. , Furth C. , Köhnlein M. , Mergenthaler P. , Schultze‐Amberger J. , Triebkorn P. , Ritter P. , Kühn A. A. , Meisel A. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposePost‐hypoxic movement disorders and chronic post‐hypoxic myoclonus are rare complications after cardiac arrest in adults. Our study investigates the clinical spectrum, neuroimaging results, therapy and prognosis of these debilitating post‐hypoxic sequelae.MethodsThis retrospective study included 72 patients from the neurological intensive care unit at a university hospital, who were diagnosed with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest between January 2007 and September 2018. Clinical records were screened for occurrence of post‐hypoxic movement disorders and chronic post‐hypoxic myoclonus. Affected patients were further analysed for applied neuroprognostic tests, administered therapy and treatment response, and the outcome of these movement disorders and neurological function.ResultsNineteen out of 72 screened patients exhibited post‐hypoxic motor symptoms. Basal ganglia injury was the most likely neuroanatomical correlate of movement disorders as indicated by T1 hyperintensities and hypometabolism of this region in magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography computed tomography. Levomepromazine and intrathecal baclofen showed first promising and mostly prompt responses to control these post‐hypoxic movement disorders and even hyperkinetic storms. In contrast, chronic post‐hypoxic myoclonus best responded to co‐application of clonazepam, levetiracetam and primidone. Remission rates of post‐hypoxic movement disorders and chronic post‐hypoxic myoclonus were 58% and 50%, respectively. Affected patients seemed to present a rather good recovery of cognitive functions in contrast to the often more severe physical deficits.ConclusionsPost‐hypoxic movement disorders associated with pronounced basal ganglia dysfunction might be efficiently controlled by levomepromazine or intrathecal baclofen. Their occurrence might be an indicator for a more unfavourable, but often not devastating, neurological outcome.
Evaluation of the concomitant use of oral preventive treatments and onabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine: the PREVENBOX study
Authors: Alpuente A. , Gallardo V. J. , Torres‐Ferrús M. , Santos‐Lasaosa S. , Guerrero A. L. , Laínez J. M. , Viguera J. , Gago‐Veiga A. , Irimia P. , Sánchez del Rio M. , Pozo‐Rosich P. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeOnabotulinumtoxinA is an effective preventive treatment for chronic migraine (CM). In CM, in addition to a reduction in headache frequency, a decreased reliance on oral prophylactics is also indicative of treatment effectiveness. This study aimed to quantify the change in the use of oral prophylactics after treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with CM.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicentric, cross‐sectional study. Patients with CM (International Classification of Headache Disorders‐3beta) that had been treated with onabotulinumtoxinA were enrolled consecutively. We collected parameters related to each patient’s pre‐treatment situation, as well as their current situation, focusing on frequency and intensity of migraine, number of oral prophylactics and the respective cycle of onabotulinumtoxinA. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsWe included 542 patients, 90.0% of whom were taking oral preventive treatments. During treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA, 47.8% withdrew at least one prophylactic and 41.6% stopped using oral prophylactics altogether. Factors associated with a reduction or cessation of oral prophylactics were >50% improvement in frequency and intensity, remission to episodic migraine, use of topiramate as an initial treatment, increased number of infiltrations and shorter chronification period (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that a chronification period <20 months, more than five cycles of onabotulinumtoxinA, >50% improvement in pain intensity and topiramate as an initial treatment were predictors of a reduction in oral prophylactics (area under the curve, 70.3%; P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA. This treatment reduced the use of oral prophylactics. Withdrawal of oral prophylactics was most likely to occur after five cycles of treatment.
Ultrasound findings in tendons and ligaments of lame sport horses competing or training in South Florida venues during the winter seasons of 2007 through 2016
Authors: Mitchell R. D. , DaSilva D. D. , Rosenbaum C. F. , Blikslager A. T. , Edwards R. B. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryKnowledge of common soft tissue lesions in sport horses in training should prove beneficial for evaluating lameness and developing training and management regimens to avoid injury and aid rehabilitation. Medical records were reviewed from 2007 to 2016 to describe tendon/ligament lesions in lame sport horses training and competing at the same venues during the winter show circuit and identified by lameness and ultrasonographic examinations. Season, discipline, breed, age, gender, limb and ultrasound findings were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the population of horses. Significance of association of gender, discipline and limb with lesion type was evaluated using chi‐squared analyses. Values were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Lesions were identified in 296 horses: 176 dressage and 120 hunter/jumpers. Ninety‐two horses (31%) had multiple lesions. Suspensory ligament lesion locations (n = 281) were categorised as proximal (n = 144), body (n = 22) and branches (n = 115). Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT; n = 37), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT; n = 27), inferior check ligament (ICL; n = 34), digital flexor tendon sheath (n = 17), distal sesamoidean ligament (n = 10), lower limb collateral ligament (n = 14), carpal sheath (n = 2), superior check ligament (n = 2) and tarsal sheath (n = 1) lesions were noted. Remaining lesions identified were medial branch SDFT (n = 2), lateral branch SDFT (n = 2), palmar annular ligament (n = 3), lateral plantar ligament (n = 2) and inter‐sesamoidean ligament (n = 1). Rear limb proximal suspensory abnormalities, specifically the right hindlimb (n = 68), were significantly over‐represented (P = 0.03). Suspensory origin, suspensory branch, ICL, SDFT and DDFT accounted for 82% of the abnormal findings identified. SDFT, DDFT and ICL lesions were most often identified in the front limb. The lesion type and location may provide insight in assessing training regimens, patient monitoring and rehabilitation guidelines.
Causes of slowing‐down seasonal CO2 amplitude at Mauna Loa
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Yilong , Wang Xuhui , He Yue , Li Xiangyi , Keeling Ralph F. , Ciais Philippe , Heimann Martin , Peng Shushi , Chevallier Frédéric , Friedlingstein Pierre , Sitch Stephen , Buermann Wolfgang , Arora Vivek K. , Haverd Vanessa , Jain Atul K. , Kato Etsushi , Lienert Sebastian , Lombardozzi Danica , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Poulter Benjamin , Vuichard Nicolas , Wiltshire Andy , Zeng Ning , Zhu Dan , Piao Shilong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChanging amplitude of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 (SCA) in the northern hemisphere is an emerging carbon cycle property. Mauna Loa (MLO) station (20°N, 156°W), which has the longest continuous northern hemisphere CO2 record, shows an increasing SCA before the 1980s (p < .01), followed by no significant change thereafter. We analyzed the potential driving factors of SCA slowing‐down, with an ensemble of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) coupled with an atmospheric transport model. We found that slowing‐down of SCA at MLO is primarily explained by response of net biome productivity (NBP) to climate change, and by changes in atmospheric circulations. Through NBP, climate change increases SCA at MLO before the 1980s and decreases it afterwards. The effect of climate change on the slowing‐down of SCA at MLO is mainly exerted by intensified drought stress acting to offset the acceleration driven by CO2 fertilization. This challenges the view that CO2 fertilization is the dominant cause of emergent SCA trends at northern sites south of 40°N. The contribution of agricultural intensification on the deceleration of SCA at MLO was elusive according to land–atmosphere CO2 flux estimated by DGVMs and atmospheric inversions. Our results also show the necessity to adequately account for changing circulation patterns in understanding carbon cycle dynamics observed from atmospheric observations and in using these observations to benchmark DGVMs.
Sedimentary and geochemical characterization of Middle–Late Miocene formations in the Neogene Tsugaru Basin, Japan by means of DTH27‐1 well sediment analysis
Authors: Martizzi Paolo , Chiyonobu Shun , Arato Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMiddle–Late Miocene age siliceous formations outcropping along the northwestern side of Honshu Island are considered prospective source rocks for hydrocarbons. An analysis of geophysical, sedimentological, and geochemical properties is essential to evaluate the formations' source potential, and to understand the factors that determined the accumulation and preservation of organic matter. This study investigates the Middle–Late Miocene geological record of the Tsugaru back‐arc basin, located in the western part of Aomori prefecture, through an analysis of a 200 m long portion of a core from the DTH27‐1 well; this core is composed of the diatomaceous siltstones of the Akaishi Formation and the siliceous mudstones of the Odoji Formation. Sedimentological and geophysical characterization showed that the Akaishi Formation's diatomaceous siltstones are mostly massive and bioturbated, have low magnetic susceptibility, and demonstrate moderate natural radioactivity. Although the Odoji Formation's siliceous mudstones are massive, they have exceedingly low magnetic susceptibility and high natural radioactivity. Geochemical data from a Rock‐Eval Pyrolysis such as total organic carbon and generative potential (S1 + S2) revealed that, in the Tsugaru area, only the Odoji Formation is a likely prospective source rock for hydrocarbons. On the other hand, Tmax values indicate that both the formations are thermally immature for generating hydrocarbons. The difference between the Akaishi and Odoji Formation in the sedimentological facies, in terms of the degree of bioturbation and the organic carbon content, indicates variations in lithological properties, such as porosity and grain size; moreover, this difference indicates a variation in the paleo‐oxygenation of bottom waters, with the transition from oxygen‐deficient conditions in the Middle Miocene to the more oxygenated conditions in the Late Miocene. Both the lithological and paleo‐environmental factors possibly influenced the organic richness in the two formations.
Investigation on moisture migration, microstructure and quality changes of fresh‐cut apple during storage
Authors: Yang Huimin , Cheng Shasha , Lin Rong , Wang Siqi , Wang Haitao , Wang Huihui , Tan Mingqian 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMoisture migration of fresh‐cut apple during 4 °C storage was monitored by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three water components were identified in apple tissue by LF‐NMR T2 relaxation, corresponding to water in cell wall, cytoplasm and vacuole. The relaxation results also revealed that the moisture migrated from the vacuole to cytoplasm and the mobility of water in vacuole decreased with the extension of storage time. T2 weighted images of MRI indicated that high density of water appeared at the edge of the fresh‐cut apple in the later stage of storage. Breakdown of cell walls and intracellular network were observed by cryo scanning electron microscope (cryo‐SEM). Moreover, storage process also led to the decrease in moisture content, browning and softening of fresh‐cut apple. In addition, good prediction models have been developed for quality indicators using partial least squares regression based on Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill decay data.
Patterns of genotype variation and demographic history in Lindera glauca (Lauraceae), an apomict‐containing dioecious forest tree
Authors: Zhu Shan‐Shan , Comes Hans P. , Tamaki Ichiro , Cao Ya‐Nan , Sakaguchi Shota , Yap Zhao‐Yan , Ding Yan‐Qian , Qiu Ying‐Xiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe historical circumstances promoting the transition from sexual to apomictic reproduction in dioecious plant species remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the divergence and demographic history of Lindera glauca, a dioecious tree generally considered to be obligate sexual in China while comprising only females (apomicts) in Japan.LocationEast Asia (China and Japan).TaxonLindera glauca (Lauraceae)MethodsSamples from 42 populations were genotyped using chloroplast DNA and nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) loci to assess genetic diversity and structure. The nSSR genotypes were also used to detect the mode of reproduction in Chinese and Japanese populations, respectively. Approximate Bayesian Computation on nSSRs and palaeoclimatic niche models provided further insights into the evolutionary and population demographic history.ResultsChinese L. glauca was found to harbour both sexual and asexual genotypes. Chinese and Japanese L. glauca underwent likely severe bottlenecks during a mid‐Pleistocene glacial period, possibly marking the split time of the island lineage from its mainland ancestor. In contrast to Chinese L. glauca, the Japanese lineage experienced a massive range contraction during the Last Glacial Maximum and postglacial expansions.Main ConclusionsWhile reproductive assurance plays an important role in the selection of apomixis in Chinese L. glauca, the lack of male plants in Japan likely reflects population demographic history driven by (Late) Quaternary climate change. Hence, the present study demonstrates a possible link between palaeoclimate change and the transition to exclusively apomictic reproduction in a dioecious tree.
Novel two‐lead cardiac resynchronization therapy system provides equivalent CRT responses with less complications than a conventional three‐lead system: Results from the QP ExCELs lead registry
Authors: Shaik Naushad A. , Drucker Michael , Pierce Christopher , Duray Gabor Z. , Gillett Shane , Miller Crystal , Harrell Camden , Thomas George 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe novel two‐lead cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)‐DX system utilizes a floating atrial dipole on the implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator lead, and when implanted with a left ventricular (LV) lead, offers a two‐lead CRT system with AV synchrony. This study compared complication rates and CRT response among subjects implanted with a two‐lead CRT‐DX system to those subjects implanted with a standard three‐lead CRT‐D system.Methods and ResultsA total of 240 subjects from the Sentus QP—Extended CRT Evaluation with Quadripolar Left Ventricular Leads postapproval study were selected to identify 120 matched pairs based on similar demographic characteristics using a Greedy algorithm. The complication‐free rate was evaluated as the primary endpoint. All‐cause mortality, heart failure hospitalizations, device diagnostic data, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class improvement, and defibrillator therapy were evaluated from clinical data, in‐office interrogations, and remote monitoring throughout the follow‐up period. Complication‐free survival favored the CRT‐DX group with 92.5% without a major complication compared to 85.0% in the CRT‐D cohort (P = .0495; 95% confidence interval: 0.1%‐14.9%) over a mean follow‐up of 1.3 and 1.4 years, respectively. Incidence of all‐cause mortality, heart failure hospitalizations, NYHA changes at 6 months postimplant, and percent of LV pacing during CRT therapy were similar in both device cohorts. Inappropriate shocks were more frequent in the CRT‐D cohort with 5.8% of subjects receiving an inappropriate shock vs 0.8% in the CRT‐DX cohort.ConclusionThe results of this subanalysis demonstrate that the CRT‐DX system can provide similar CRT responses and significantly fewer complications when compared to a similar cohort with a conventional three‐lead CRT‐D system.
Perimembranous ventricular septal defect following His bundle lead implantation
Authors: De Pooter Jan , Calle Simon , Bove Thierry , Van Heuverswyn Frédéric E. , Timmermans Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHis bundle pacing (HBP) offers physiologic pacing by placing the pacing lead directly to the His bundle. We present a case in which a HBP lead, implanted at the fragile membranous septum, resulted in a persistent restrictive perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). This complication of HBP has not been reported before but brings new insights in the discussion regarding the optimal position of a pacing lead in the ventricular septum. The fragility of the membranous septum and low rate of spontaneous closure of membranous VSD, might favor lead placement in the muscular septum when aiming for physiologic pacing.
Intake of sucrose affects gut dysbiosis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Hamaguchi Masahide , Kaji Ayumi , Sakai Ryosuke , Osaka Takafumi , Inoue Ryo , Kashiwagi Saori , Mizushima Katsura , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Takagi Tomohisa , Naito Yuji , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionGut dysbiosis is generally associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of habitual dietary intake on gut dysbiosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has not yet been explicated. This study investigated whether alteration of the gut microbiota was influenced by dietary intake of sucrose in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 97 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 97 healthy individuals were matched by age and sex, and then, fecal samples were obtained. Next‐generation sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was carried out, and functional profiles for the gut microbiota were analyzed. We selected the top 30 gut microbial genera and top 20 functional profiles for the gut microbiota specified by the weighted average difference method. The association between gut microbial genera or functional profiles and habitual dietary intake was investigated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and then, clustering analysis was carried out to clarify the impact of habitual dietary intake.ResultsThe Actinobacteria phylum was highly abundant in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, whereas the Bacteroidetes phylum was less abundant. Diabetic‐type gut microbes, specifically Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, were altered by sucrose intake at the genus level. Furthermore, sucrose intake was associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in the diabetic‐type functional profiles of the gut microbiota.ConclusionsThe gut microbiota and functional profiles for the gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly different from those in healthy individuals. Furthermore, we showed that sucrose intake was closely associated with these differences.
Population dynamics of threadfin porgy Evynnis cardinalis, an endangered species on the IUCN red list in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Kui , Cai Yancong , Liao Baochao , Jiang Yan'e , Sun Mingshuai , Su Li , Chen Zuozhi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThreadfin porgy Evynnis cardinalis is both a dominant fish species and an important fishing target in bottom trawl fisheries in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. It was listed as endangered (EN) in a recent International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list. Despite its economic importance and endangered status, limited research on its biological characteristics and spatial–temporal distribution has been undertaken this last decade, creating uncertainty in current conservation and management. We analyse this species' spatial distribution characteristics using data from four seasonal bottom trawl surveys in 2014–2015, and report average catch per unit effort to vary seasonally, from 49.1 to 594.5 ind h−1. Growth, mortality and sexual maturity are reported for four time periods based on data from bottom trawl fishery surveys over 1961–1962, 1998–1999, 2006, and 2014–2015. Length frequency distributions changed from bimodal to unimodal, and the female‐to‐male ratio increased. Mean body length and length at first maturity decreased, whereas the growth coefficient increased, indicating miniaturization, early sexual maturity and accelerated growth, respectively. We report sparid catch to have first exceeded maximum sustainable yield in 2001, and to have remained overfished from 2010 to 2015. Since the 1980s, low‐trophic‐level fishes such as E. cardinalis have replaced high‐trophic‐level fishes such as Crimson snapper Lutjanus erythropterus to become dominant species. As catches have increased substantially, these species have been faced with overfishing, driving the ecosystem into an unstable state.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided anastomosis: Is it ready for prime time?
Authors: Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSignificant advancements in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided drainage procedures and EUS‐guided anastomosis have recently been described. The described procedures include EUS‐guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections, biliary drainage, pancreatic duct drainage, gallbladder drainage, and gastroenterostomy. These procedures have been made possible with novel devices that can reduce the difficulties of the procedures and potentially reducing the risk of adverse events. The procedures are also becoming standardized, which is essential for dissemination of the techniques. Furthermore, results from randomized studies are becoming available showing definite benefits associated with these procedures. In this paper, we will provide a review on EUS‐guided anastomotic procedures.