bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving the soft furnishings fire problem (without incurring collateral damage)
Authors: Gann Richard G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFires in which soft furnishings (upholstered furniture and beds) were either the first item ignited or were identified as the major item in the fire's growth are the deadliest of residential fires. This Special Issue of Fire and Materials on Furniture Flammability grew from a small session on this subject in Interflam 2019. The issue contains 14 papers that describe the fire problems of soft furnishings, research to better understand their burning behavior, and recent success in and promising approaches to reducing the losses from these fires. This introduction concludes with the author's challenges to the fire safety community for reducing the number and consequences of soft furnishings fires.
Global database of diffuse riverine nitrogen and phosphorus loads and yields
Authors: McDowell Rich W. , Noble Alasdair , Pletnyakov Peter , Mosley Luke M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman activities have increased the input of nitrogen and phosphorus into riverine systems. These inputs can increase algal growth that degrades aquatic ecosystems. We constructed a global database of diffuse loads (kg) and yields (kg ha−1 yr−1) of dissolved and total nitrogen and phosphorus forms for 7 years (centred around 2008) in 1,421 catchments. Yields were calculated from 640,950 measurements that were checked, filtered and harmonized from readily available sources. We used the yield data to create a georeferenced model to calculate yields of nitrogen and phosphorus forms across 6,020 catchments, globally. The database can be used to assess and inform policy to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from land to freshwater, improve nutrient use efficiency on farms, and help calibrate global models being used to explore scenarios such as nutrient management efficiency in a changing climate. The source data and R code are provided at https://doi.org/10.25400/lincolnuninz.11894697.
Visualization and ecohydrologic models: Opening the box
Authors: Tague Christina , Frew James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarth system models synthesize the science of interactions amongst multiple biophysical and, increasingly, human processes across a wide range of scales. Ecohydrologic models are a subset of earth system models that focus particularly on the complex interactions between ecosystem processes and the storage and flux of water. Ecohydrologic models often focus at scales where direct observations occur: plots, hillslopes, streams, and watersheds, as well as where land and resource management decisions are implemented. These models complement field‐based and data‐driven science by combining theory, empirical relationships derived from observation and new data to create virtual laboratories. Ecohydrologic models are tools that managers can use to ask “what if” questions and domain scientists can use to explore the implications of new theory or measurements. Recent decades have seen substantial advances in ecohydrologic models, building on both new domain science and advances in software engineering and data availability. The increasing sophistication of ecohydrologic models however, presents a barrier to their widespread use and credibility. Their complexity, often encoding 100s of relationships, means that they are effectively “black boxes,” at least for most users, sometimes even to the teams of researchers that contribute to their design. This opacity complicates the interpretation of model results. For models to effectively advance our understanding of how plants and water interact, we must improve how we visualize not only model outputs, but also the underlying theories that are encoded within the models. In this paper, we outline a framework for increasing the usefulness of ecohydrologic models through better visualization. We outline four complementary approaches, ranging from simple best practices that leverage existing technologies, to ideas that would engage novel software engineering and cutting edge human–computer interface design. Our goal is to open the ecohydrologic model black box in ways that will engage multiple audiences, from novices to model developers, and support learning, new discovery, and environmental problem solving.
Additive value of transarterial embolization to systemic sirolimus treatment in kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Brill Richard , Uller Wibke , Huf Veronika , Müller‐Wille René , Schmid Irene , Pohl Alexandra , Häberle Beate , Perkowski Sybille , Funke Katrin , Till Anne‐Marie , Lauten Melchior , Neumann Jacob , Güttel Christian , Heid Esther , Ziermann Franziska , Schmid Axel , Hüsemann Dieter , Meyer Lutz , Sporns Peter B. , Schinner Regina , Schmidt Vanessa F. , Ricke Jens , Rössler Jochen , Kapp Friedrich G. , Wohlgemuth Walter A. , Wildgruber Moritz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor in children, which can be accompanied by life‐threatening thrombocytopenia, referred to as Kasabach‐Merritt phenomenon (KMP). The mTOR inhibitor sirolimus is emerging as targeted therapy in KHE. As the sirolimus effect on KHE occurs only after several weeks, we aimed to evaluate whether additional transarterial embolization is of benefit for children with KHE and KMP. Seventeen patients with KHE and KMP acquired from 11 hospitals in Germany were retrospectively divided into two cohorts. Children being treated with adjunct transarterial embolization and systemic sirolimus, and those being treated with sirolimus without additional embolization. Bleeding grade as defined by WHO was determined for all patients. Response of the primary tumor at 6 and 12 months assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), time to response of KMP defined as thrombocyte increase >150 × 103/μL, as well as rebound rates of both after cessation of sirolimus were compared. N = 8 patients had undergone additive embolization to systemic sirolimus therapy, sirolimus in this group was started after a mean of 6.5 ± 3 days following embolization. N = 9 patients were identified who had received sirolimus without additional embolization. Adjunct embolization induced a more rapid resolution of KMP within a median of 7 days vs 3 months; however, tumor response as well as rebound rates were similar between both groups. Additive embolization may be of value for a more rapid rescue of consumptive coagulopathy in children with KHE and KMP compared to systemic sirolimus only.
Improving patient selection for immuno‐oncology phase 1 trials: External validation of six prognostic scores in a French Cancer Center
Authors: Al Darazi Ghassan , Martin Elodie , Delord Jean‐Pierre , Korakis Iphigenia , Betrian Sarah , Estrabaut Myriam , Poublanc Muriel , Gomez‐Roca Carlos , Filleron Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe compared the performance of six prognostic scores (Royal Marsden Hospital, MDACC: MD Anderson Clinical Center and MDACC + NLR: neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, MD Anderson ‐ immune checkpoint inhibitors (MDA‐ICI), GRIm: Gustave Roussy Immune Score and LIPI: Lung Immune Prognostic Index) in predicting overall survival (OS) in phase I trial patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Medical records of patients with advanced solid tumors enrolled in ICI phase I trials between 2015 and 2018 at Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse—Oncopole were reviewed. The performance of prognostic scores on OS was compared using different criteria. A total of 259 patients were included. Median age was 63 years (range: 18‐83). Main primary cancers were melanoma (19%), head and neck (16%), lung (13%) and bladder (10%). With a median follow‐up of 15 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = [11.6;17.5]), median OS was 12.5 months (95% CI = [10.3;16.0]). All scores were associated with OS. The MDACC, LIPI and GRIm scores performed better than the others. Concordance of risk group assignment between the scoring systems was poor. According to our results, the MDACC, GRIm and LIPI scores better suited to ICI phase I settings. Adequate scoring would allow better patient selection in early ICI trials, especially during the critical period of dose escalation, and in proof‐of‐concept expansion cohorts.
Association between levator ani avulsion and urinary incontinence in women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Smeets Carlijn F. A. , Vergeldt Tineke F. M. , Notten Kim J. B. , Martens Frank M. J. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundUrinary incontinence is a bothersome symptom. Although the relationship between stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and vaginal delivery is established, the pathology underlying SUI after vaginal birth remains to be elucidated.ObjectivesTo determine whether levator ani muscle avulsion predisposes for SUI in women.Search strategyPubmed and Embase were searched for terms and their variations “levator ani muscle avulsion” and “urinary incontinence”, from inception until 5 November 2019.Selection criteriaInclusion criterion: studies describing the relationship between urinary incontinence and levator ani muscle avulsion in women at least 1 year after delivery. Exclusion criterion: studies only analyzing the urethral sphincter or hiatus dimensions.Data collection and analysisOdds ratios were used and if not available, were calculated as means of data synthesis, adjusted odds ratios if presented by the study, random‐effects model to compute a pooled estimate.ResultsSeven studies were included, accounting for 2388 women. Comparing women with and without levator ani muscle avulsion, the overall odds ratio for SUI is 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.56–1.34), and after adjustment for possible confounders was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.40–1.30).ConclusionThere is no relationship between levator ani muscle avulsion and SUI in women.
The optimal cut‐off value of immunohistochemical parameter P53 for predicting recurrence of endometrial cancer
Authors: Jia Mingzhu , Jiang Peng , Hu Jing , Huang Zhen , Deng Ying , Hu Zhuoying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the optimal cut‐off value of immunohistochemical parameter P53 for predicting the recurrence of Stage I–III endometrial cancer.MethodsA total of 473 patients who were treated between October 2013 and May 2018 were retrospectively studied. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Youden index were used to calculate the optimal cut‐off value of P53. Cox regression analysis was used to detect the association between the threshold of P53 and recurrence of endometrial cancer. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were exhibited by Kaplan–Meier curve.ResultsThe study showed that 67% was the optimal cut‐off value of P53 to predict the recurrence of endometrial cancer. P53 above 67% was an independent predictor for relapse of endometrial cancer (p < 0.001). The 3‐year RFS was 89.7% in the low‐value group and 66.6% in the high‐value group (p < 0.001), while the 3‐year OS was 93.9% and 76.4%, respectively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the 3‐year RFS of patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was 95.7% and 78.2% between the two groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe optimal cut‐off value of immunohistochemical parameter P53 for predicting recurrence was confirmed as 67% and a P53 index above 67% was an independent prognostic factor.
Educational gains ofin‐personvs. distance learning in primary and secondary schools: A natural experiment during theCOVID‐19 pandemic school closures in Switzerland
Authors: Tomasik Martin J. , Helbling Laura A. , Moser Urs 
Published: November 2020

Using data from a computer‐based formative feedback system, we compare learning gains in the 8 weeks of school closures related to the COVID‐19 pandemic in Switzerland with learning gains in the 8 weeks before these school closures. The school performance in mathematics and language ofN = 28,685 pupils is modelled in second‐order piecewise latent growth models with strict measurement invariance for the two periods under investigation. While secondary school pupils remain largely unaffected by the school closures in terms of learning gains, for primary school pupils learning slows down and at the same time interindividual variance in learning gains increases. Distance learning arrangements seem an effective means to substitute for in‐person learning, at least in an emergency situation, but not all pupils benefit to the same degree.
Recent advances in resistive random access memory based on lead halide perovskite
Authors: Di Jiayu , Du Jianhui , Lin Zhenhua , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Ouyang Jianyong , Chang Jingjing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLead halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention in photovoltaic devices, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, and other fields due to their excellent properties. Besides optoelectronic devices, growing numbers of studies have focused on the perovskite‐based electrical devices in the past few years, such as transistors and resistive random access memories (RRAMs). Here, this article summarizes the recent progress the researchers have made of RRAM devices. Primarily, the working mechanism and the key parameters of RRAM are introduced. Generally, the working principles, including the conductive filament model (containing the types of the model of the metal cations‐induced filament and the model of the ions migration in bulk), the interface effect, and the electronic effect are the origins of the RRAM behaviors, and hence, various factors that affect the device performance are explored. Then, RRAMs based on organolead halide perovskite and all‐inorganic perovskite are discussed in terms of different structures, different compositions, and different fabrication methods. Finally, a brief conclusion and a broad outlook are given on the progress and challenges in the field of perovskite‐based RRAMs.image
Polarization‐resolved SHG imaging as a fast screening method for collagen alterations during aging: Comparison with light and electron microscopy
Authors: Miler Irena , Rabasovic Mihailo D. , Aleksic Marija , Krmpot Aleksandar J. , Kalezic Andjelika , Jankovic Aleksandra , Korac Bato , Korac Aleksandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur previous study on rat skin showed that cumulative oxidative pressure induces profound structural and ultrastructural alterations in both rat skin epidermis and dermis during aging. Here, we aimed to investigate the biophotonic properties of collagen as a main dermal component in the function of chronological aging. We used second harmonic generation (SHG) and two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) on 5 μm thick skin paraffin sections from 15‐day‐, 1‐month‐ and 21‐month‐old rats, respectively, to analyze collagen alterations, in comparison to conventional light and electron microscopy methods. Obtained results show that polarization‐resolved SHG (PSHG) images can detect collagen fiber alterations in line with chronological aging and that this method is consistent with light and electron microscopy. Moreover, the β coefficient calculated from PSHG images points out that delicate alterations lead to a more ordered structure of collagen molecules due to oxidative damage. The results of this study also open the possibility of successfully applying this fast and label‐free method to previously fixed samples.
Processing and characterization of phosphate glass fiber/polylactic acid commingled yarn composites for commercial production
Authors: Wang Yunqi , Fu Jiapeng , Liu Jinsong , Parsons Andrew , Ahmed Ifty , Rudd Chris , Sharmin Nusrat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the production of phosphate glass fiber/polylactic acid (PGF/PLA) commingled yarns, textiles and composites for biomedical applications. The PGF volume contents of the composites investigated were 25% and 40%. Plain weave textiles with yarn counts of 10 warp/cm and 6 weft/cm were produced using a commercial weaving machine. An orthogonal array design (OAD) was employed as a statistical method to investigate the effects of compression molding parameters (processing temperature, preheating time, compression time, and pressure) on flexural strength and porosity of PGF/PLA textile composites. Processing temperature showed the most significant effect in achieving maximum laminate flexural strength and molecular weight of PLA. Processing models were developed using regression techniques to predict the laminate flexural strength and the molecular weight of PLA. Composites with fiber contents of 25 and 40 vol% produced using optimized processing conditions identified by the processing models, provided flexural strengths of 236 MPa and 293 MPa, respectively.
Ablation of Enpp6 Results in Transient Bone Hypomineralization
Authors: Dillon Scott , Suchacki Karla , Hsu Shun‐Neng , Stephen Louise A , Wang Rongling , Cawthorn William P , Stewart Alan J , Nudelman Fabio , Morton Nicholas M , Farquharson Colin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBiomineralization is a fundamental process key to the development of the skeleton. The phosphatase orphan phosphatase 1 (PHOSPHO1), which likely functions within extracellular matrix vesicles, has emerged as a critical regulator of biomineralization. However, the biochemical pathways that generate intravesicular PHOSPHO1 substrates are currently unknown. We hypothesized that the enzyme ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 6 (ENPP6) is an upstream source of the PHOSPHO1 substrate. To test this, we characterized skeletal phenotypes of mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of Enpp6 (Enpp6−/−). Micro‐computed tomography of the trabecular compartment revealed transient hypomineralization in Enpp6−/− tibias (p < 0.05) that normalized by 12 weeks of age. Whole‐bone cortical analysis also revealed significantly hypomineralized proximal bone in 4‐ but not 12‐week‐old Enpp6−/− mice (p < 0.05) compared with WT animals. Back‐scattered SEM revealed a failure in 4‐week‐old trabecular bone of mineralization foci to propagate. Static histomorphometry revealed increased osteoid volume (p > 0.01) and osteoid surface (p < 0.05), which recovered by 12 weeks but was not accompanied by changes in osteoblast or osteoclast number. This study is the first to characterize the skeletal phenotype of Enpp6−/− mice, revealing transient hypomineralization in young animals compared with WT controls. These data suggest that ENPP6 is important for bone mineralization and may function upstream of PHOSPHO1 as a novel means of generating its substrates inside matrix vesicles. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Unraveling individual host–guest interactions in molecular recognition from first principles quantum mechanics: Insights into the nature of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist binding
Authors: Beck Michael Edmund , Riplinger Christoph , Neese Frank , Bistoni Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrug binding to a protein target is governed by a complex pattern of noncovalent interactions between the ligand and the residues in the protein's binding pocket. Here we introduce a generally applicable, parameter‐free, computational method that allows for the identification, quantification, and analysis of the key ligand–residue interactions responsible for molecular recognition. Our strategy relies on Local Energy Decomposition analysis at the “gold‐standard” coupled cluster DLPNO‐CCSD(T) level. In the study case shown in this paper, nicotine and imidacloprid binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, our approach provides new insights into how individual amino acids in the active site determine sensitivity and selectivity of the ligands, extending and refining classical pharmacophore hypotheses. By inference, the method is applicable to any kind of host/guest interactions with potential applications in industrial biocatalysis and protein engineering.
The microarray identification circular RNA hsa_circ_0105015 up‐regulated involving inflammation pathway in essential hypertension
Authors: He Xin , Bao Xingjie , Tao Zhenbo , Sun Jihan , Zheng Shuying , Zhong Fade , Zhang Lina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEssential hypertension (EH) is an inflammatory disease, and endothelial dysfunction induced by chronic inflammation is one of the pathogeneses of EH. The expression of some inflammatory mediators may be regulated by the interaction of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs).MethodsAn Agilent human circRNA microarray was used to identify the expression profile of circRNAs in EH. qRT‐PCR was used to evaluate the relative expression of circRNAs in 48 pairs of human whole blood samples (sex and age ± 3 years matched) and endothelial cells. TNF‐α was applied to induce endothelial cells inflammation. CircRNA‐miRNA network was predicted by MiRanda software.ResultsThere were 287 circRNAs differentially expressed in the microarray. The top 10 up‐regulated circRNAs in the EH group were hsa_circ_0014243, hsa_circ_0133228, hsa‐circRNA14116‐3, hsa_circ_0079536, hsa‐circRNA13649‐1, hsa_circ_0117886, hsa_circ_0007075, hsa‐circRNA15285‐1, hsa‐circRNA10088‐9, and hsa‐circRNA14119‐10; the top 10 down‐regulated circRNAs were hsa_circ_0100094, hsa_circ_0127342, hsa_circ_0093773, hsa_circ_0096334, hsa_circ_0131618, hsa_circ_0063886, hsa_circ_0097804, hsa_circ_0126640, hsa‐circRNA8935‐1, and hsa_circ_0039978 (fold change in descending order). Hsa_circ_0105015 has two predicted binding sites with hsa‐miR‐637. The relative expression of hsa_circ_0105015 in EH patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (P = .002), and similar results appeared in TNF‐α‐induced endothelial cells. The area under the curve after hsa_circ_0105015 combined with hsa‐miR‐637 was 0.703, P < .001.ConclusionHyperexpression of hsa_circ_0105015 is a significant risk factor of EH and its association with EH involves inflammatory pathways. Hyperexpression of hsa_circ_0105015 combined with hypoexpression of hsa‐miR‐637 indicates vascular inflammation or endothelial dysfunction and has potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis of EH.