bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors in the Transition from Legal to Illicit Drug Use in Young Adults from Northern Mexico
Authors: Ozuna Esprinosa Mayra Selene , Candia Arredondo Josefina Saraí , Alonso Castillo María Magdalena , López García Karla Selene , Guzmán Facundo Francisco Rafael 
Published: February 2020

Objective. This research sought to analyze the predictive effect of personal (personality traits), social (social support and social stigma) and community factors (characteristic of the neighborhood and exposure to consumption) on the transition of drug use in young adults.Methods. Case and control study. The cases were 70 individuals from 18 to 34 years of age who had already transitioned into illicit drug use and the controls were 210 legal drug usuers (tobacco or alcohol) in the same age range who had not had the transition. A data file was applied along with seven instruments that measured the transition and consumption variables.Results. Marihuana was the illicit drug of highest transition. It was shown that greater personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to the experience meant higher probability of drug use transition; while greater personality traits of agreeableness and conscience meant lower probability for the transition. The characteristics of the neighborhood environment and exposure to the opportunity of consumption increase the probability of the drug use transition. Social support and social stigma influenced negatively upon the drug use transition.Conclusion. Personality traits, neighborhood characteristics, exposure to drug use, social support, and the social stigma of drug use are factors that intervene in the transition from legal to illicit drug useDescriptores: street drugs; drug users; risk factors; young adult; personality; social support; social stigma; residence characteristics; surveys and questionnaires; case-control studies.How to cite this article: Ozuna MS, Candia JS, Alonso MM, López KS, Guzmán FR. Factors in the Transition from Legal to Illicit Drug Use in Young Adults from Northern Mexico. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(3):e11.
Biometric Authentication System Using Face Geometry
Authors: Chinwe C Ibebuogu , Seth Philip , Obiageli J Anyaduba 
Published: February 2020

This seminar paper deals with biometric authentication, using human facial geometry as the login verification parameter. Biometric is the measurement and statistical analysis of human's unique physical and behavioral characteristics by mapping face geometry, fingerprints, iris, and voice. The aim of this seminar paper is to develop a functional Biometric Authentication System Using Face Geometry as the authentication method. Facial Geometry Authentication is a category of biometric technology that maps an individual's facial features mathematically and stores the data as face-prints in a database. Meanwhile the objective of this paper is to improve data access security, enhance identification accuracy, and contribute to the improvement of the existing facial recognition systems, focusing mainly on increasing its accuracy performance. On the other hand, hacking into users’ privacy, loss of confidential information, and high running costs, among others geared the motivation to develop a biometric authentication system using face geometry. Furthermore, the software engineering methodology adopted in this seminar paper is the Structural System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM). The software is developed in Visual C-sharp, and the database in SQL Server 2012; using Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 as the integrated development environment. Besides, OpenCV 2.4.8 library is used for image processing, image mapping, and computer vision. The expected result of this seminar paper include: improved user data security, and increased efficiency in facial detection/recognition.
Histomorphological Study of Leprosy with Clinical Correlation in Kumaon Region
Authors: Yadav Neha , Kumar Binay , Joshi Usha , Kumar Mukesh , Agarwal Saurabh 
Published: February 2020

Background: Leprosy is a leading cause of permanent physical disability. Approx 60% of global burden of leprosy is represented by India. Histopathological examination is still considered gold standard for accurate categorization of leprosy so that timely treatment can be started.
Objectives: To categorize and correlate types of leprosy clinically and histomorphologically in Kumaon region.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study of 62 cases was conducted in the Department of Pathology & Skin and V.D in a tertiary care centre of Kumaon region from August 2016 to April 2018. The cases were clinically examined and categorized according to Ridley-Jopling classification. Skin Biopsy and Slit-Skin Smear (SSS) were taken for accurate histomorphogical categorization of leprosy and assessment of bacterial index, followed by clinico-histomorphological correlation. Statistical analysis was done in term of chi-square test. Kappa test was used as agreement test for clinical versus histological classification of different type of leprosy.
Results: A total of 62 clinically diagnosed leprosy cases evaluated histopathologically. Clinically, lepromatous leprosy (LL) was the most common type of leprosy (38.70%), followed by borderline tuberculoid (30.64%). On histopathological examination, indeterminate leprosy (IL) (21 cases; 33.90%) was the most common followed by lepromatous leprosy (16 cases; 25.80%). Overall clinico-histopathological correlation was seen in 36 cases (58. 06%) with maximum correlation seen in indeterminate leprosy (100%) and tuberculoid leprosy (TT) (100%). Conclusion: This study concludes that correlation of clinical and histopathological features along with bacterial index is more useful for accurate typing of leprosy than considering any of the single parameter alone so that early and appropriate treatment could be started.
Adoption of innovations in harvesting methods of the grape: A case study in Charikar and Bagram districts of Parwan province, Afghanistan
Authors: Dadkhwah Zafaruddin , Demiryürek Kürşat 
Published: February 2020

The main objectives of this study were to determine the extent of innovation in the grape harvest, and the rate of familiarity and usability of innovations by farmers in Parwan province. The data were collected as primary data, included face to face interviews with 120 grape growers and local authorities in 20 villages spread across the two districts of Charikar and Bagram provinces of Parwan, Afghanistan. The data was analyzed by (SPSS 22) Package. According to the results, the size of agricultural land, land allocated to grape production have the most similarities; however, the findings show that grape yield was impressed by the application of farmers' innovations and knowledge by the user of innovation in the harvest stage grape production. The membership of farmers in agricultural organizations is very weak, and only 8.2% of the farmers have membership in the organization. And also, the advantages and disadvantages of using innovations were evaluated. The advatages were evaluated by six options (Saving Time, Increasing demand for the product, Wastes Reduction in the product, Better management, Easy harvest, Employment of less laborer), and all of them given high importance (HI). The disadvantages were evaluated in four options, of which only the the item ''Not economic'' was given (HI) while the remaining three disadvantages were in (LI) category. Familiarity and usability of innovations have different results; most of the farmers are familiar with innovations. However, the application of innovations is less than it is familiarity
Effects of the financial crisis on the turkish banking sector : a research on turkısh bankıng crısıs in 2000-2001
Authors: Behistani Jahan , ÖZYEŞİL Dr. Mustafa , Qadir Taimur A. 
Published: February 2020

The objective of this paper is to give a theoretical structure that incorporates the inward development and elements of money related markets and organizations hypothesis keeping in mind the end goal to look at how the financial market and the managing an account part create pointers that influence financial development in Turkey. Incredibly, the choice of capital putting resources into request to obstruction against different sorts of dangers is a noteworthy issue for the banks. At this stage, an essential strategy to decide stretch testing is imperative whether the capital proportions of the banks are satisfactory or not.
The financial crisis of 2000-2001 was turned out to be devastating for Turkey after the plenitude of cash peg around the same time. The emergency being referred to originated from the deficient usage of controls, the insufficient profundity of the capital markets, the absence of evaluation of hazard, extreme loaning to consolidated establishments by national banks, confined financing costs, observed outside trade operations, constrained remote resource holding, the absence of rivalry, obstructions to remote section and high liquidity, endless swelling and a shortfall to be determined of installments.
Bank performance is one of the vital issues for the healthy functioning of the Turkish economy. I use surrogate scenarios to test flexibility of the banking sector. In this research I check how much banking sector is flexible to external shocks under the planned scenarios.
In this paper you can find so many objectives mean how you can examine your performance currently or in the past. The different panel data are collected that shows different perspective and views about the functionalism of the banking sector before and after the financial and economic crisis.
Investigation of the complication, morbidity and mortality factors affecting the clinical hospitalization process after femoral hernioraphy
Authors: DÜLGER Dilek , AYDIN Feray , ALBUZ Özgür 
Published: February 2020

Aim: The
study aims to investigate the risk factors of patients with femoral hernia as
well as factors that affect the
hospitalisation process, morbidity and mortality, particularly in terms of
gender.

Material
and Methods: A
total of 65 femoral hernia surgeries were performed in 29 Mayıs Public Hospitals between January 1, 2015 and June 30,
2019. Six patients with incomplete or unclear data were excluded, and the data
of 59 patients were analysed. Percentage and frequency were used for discrete
variables, whereas mean and standard deviation for continuous variables.
Student’s t-test was used for independent variables according to the
distribution status, whereas chi-square test was used for dichotomous
variables, and the results for binary logistic regression were obtained.

Results:
Males were significantly more likely to have femoral hernia risk during old age
[66.11years vs. 52.68 years (p=0.004), adjusted odds ratio (AOR): [0.87 (0.784,
0.969)(p= 0.011)]. In student’s t-test, male patients had shorter length of
hospital stay (LOS). Hovewer the p value was found 0.79. In the binary multiple
logistic regression for LOS value; In terms of gender, body mass index (BMI,
kg/m2), age and complications; P value was found as 0.07 and ; AOR was found
2.2. With this result; The females have got the more LOS value than men as
statistichally, for p=0.1 value.

Conclusion:
Femoral hernia frequently occurs in women; however,
we found that its higher incidence
is also can be found in men during old age, and after surgery, men are
generally discharged earlier than women.
Opodatkowanie nieodpłatnego nabycia własności rzeczy i praw majątkowych w prawie podatkowym Polski i Litwy. Wybrane problemy
Authors: Babiarz Stefan 
Published: February 2020

Z przedstawionych porównań wynika ewidentnie, że obowiązujący w Republice Litewskiej podatek od spadków jest podatkiem prostym, nieskomplikowanym zarówno pod względem prawnym, jak i finansowym. Tym samym nie wywołuje on poważniejszych problemów praktycznych ani w jego płaceniu, ani w wymiarze. Jego obliczenie i wymiar są przyjazne dla podatników.
Na szczególną uwagę zasługują takie rozwiązania, jak obniżenie podstawy opodatkowania o 30%, brak odliczania długów i ciężarów oraz skomplikowanej procedury ich ustalania, respektowanie zasady unikania podwójnego opodatkowania czy brak instytucji ponownego powstania obowiązku podatkowego.
Tego nie można powiedzieć o obowiązującym w Polsce podatku od spadków i darowizn. Jedyne, co można powiedzieć na korzyść rozwiązań obowiązujących w Polsce, to to, że zakres przedmiotowy tego podatku jest szerszy, co prowadzi do niemożliwości poddania wielu przedmiotów nabycia wyższym podatkiem dochodowym od osób fizycznych.
Autor chce tym tekstem rozpocząć cykl publikacji przybliżających polskim podatnikom, organom podatkowym, a także ustawodawcy rozwiązania prawne obowiązujące w zakresie opodatkowania nieodpłatnego nabycia własności rzeczy i praw majątkowych w innych wybranych krajach europejskich.
Polska ustawa o podatku od spadków i darowizn jest niezwykle skomplikowana, generująca spory podatkowe, niesprzyjająca nawiązywaniu poprawnych relacji między podatnikami a organami podatkowymi i, niewątpliwie, także rodząca konflikty rodzinne.
Directive Speech Acts in Indonesian Language Learning in Surakarta Citizens' High Schools
Authors: Nahak Siprianus , Sarwiji Suwandi  , Nugraheni Eko Wardani  
Published: February 2020

The directive speech act in learning is speech act concerned on the conversation context. Conversation context aimed includes with whom, to whom, what, and how the speech delivered, therefore it mush be concerned by teacher and student in learning process. This research is conducted to describe directive speech act and between teacher with student and student with student in Indonesian learning at Surakarta Citizens' High Schools. The purpose of this research is to know the directive speech act in Indonesian learning process. The method conducted of this research is qualitative descriptive. The object of this research includes speech between teacher with student and student with student involved in Indonesian learning process. The data collecting technique of this research is conducted by: observation, recording, and note. The data analysis of this research is describing the recording value, data reduction, data interpretation, and summarising. Based on research value at Surakarta Citizens' High Schools, shows that directive speech act conducted by the teacher with student more dominant is done by teacher. It happens because the teacher as good figure of speaking and polite in speech.

Keywords: directive speech act, Indonesian learning

Abstrak
Tindak tutur direktif dalam pembelajaran merupakan tindak berbahasa yang memperhatikan konteks pembicaraan. Konteks pembicaraan yang dimaksud berkaitan dengan siapa, kepada siapa, apa, dan bagaimana tuturan itu disampaikan oleh karena itu, menjadi perhatian untuk guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan tindak tutur direktif antara guru dengan siswa dan siswa dengan siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA Warga Surakarta. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tindak tutur direktif dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dekriptif kualitatif. Objek dalam penelitian ini mencakup tuturan antara guru dengan siswa dan siswa dengan siswa. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa yang terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara: pengamatan, perekaman, pencatatan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan hasil rekaman, reduksi data, interpretasi data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di SMA Warga Surakarta menunjukan bahwa, penggunaan tindak tutur direktif yang dilakukan oleh guru dan siswa lebih dominan adalah guru. Hal ini terjadi karena guru sebagai contoh yang baik dalam bertutur dan santun dalam berbahasa.

Kata kunci: tindak tutur direktif, pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia
Ghost cell glaucoma after intravitreous injection of ranibizumab in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: XU Jun , ZHAO Meng , LI Jipeng , LIU Ningpu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The development of ghost cell glaucoma in patients with PDR after intravitreous injection was rare. Here we reported a series of patients with PDR who received Intravitreous Ranibizumab (IVR) and developed ghost cell glaucoma and analyzed the potential factors that might be related to the development of ghost cell glaucoma.METHODS: Retrospective case series study. The medical records of 71 consecutive eyes of 68 PDR patients who received vitrectomy after IVR from January 2015 to January 2017 were reviewed. The development of ghost cell glaucoma after IVR was recorded. Characteristics of enrolled patients were retrieved from their medical charts. Factors associated with ghost cell glaucoma were compared between eyes with the development of ghost cell glaucoma and eyes without the development of ghost cell glaucoma. Variables were further enrolled in a binary backward stepwise logistic regression model, and the model that had the lowest AIC was chosen. RESULTS: There were 8 out of 71 eyes of the PDR patients developed ghost cell glaucoma after they received IVR. The interval between detection of elevation of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) and intravitreous injection ranged from 0 to 2 days. Among them, After IVR, there were two eyes had IOP greater than 30mmHg within 30 minutes, four eyes showed normal IOP at 30 min, and then developed ghost cell glaucoma within 1 day, two eyes developed ghost cell glaucoma between 24 and 48 hours. The mean maximum IOP was 46.5±8.0 mmHg. All patients gained normal IOP after vitrectomy without medicine for lowering IOP. The presence of ghost cell glaucoma was associated with tractional retinal detachment (RR= 4.60 [2.02~8.48], p= 0.004) and fibrovascular membrane involving disk (RR=-3.57 [-7.59~-0.92], p=0.03) (AIC= 39.23，AUC=0.88) in a logistic regression model.CONCLUSION: Attention to postoperative IOP should be paid to patients with PDR undergoing vitrectomy who receive a preoperative intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF agents. PDR patients with tractional retinal detachment or fibrovasucular membrane involving optic disc are more likely to develop ghost cell glaucoma after IVR.
Users’ Acceptance of Electronic Patient Portals in Lebanon
Authors: Honein-AbouHaidar Gladys , Antoun Jumana , Badr Karim , Hlais Sani , Nazaretian Houry 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Acceptance of Electronic patient portal (EPP) is instrumental for its success. Studies on users’ acceptance in the Middle East region are scarce. This study aims to use the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a framework to quantitatively describe potential users' intention to use and factors influencing the intention to use EPP. We concurrently test the internal construct validity and the reliability of the TAM. Methods A cross-sectional survey design and the vignette approach were used. For validation, we needed a minimum of 180 patients; all 35 attending physicians and 11 registered nurses were targeted. We used descriptive statistics to calculate the intention to use EPP and its determinants based on the TAM constructs. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to estimate significant path coefficients for patients only as the sample size of providers was too small. Results We had 199 patients, half intended to use EPP; 73% of providers (N=17) intended to use EPP. Perceived ease of use and privacy concerns were significantly higher among providers than patients (Mean (M) = 0.77 vs M= 0.42 (CI: -0.623 ; -0.081)) and (M=3.67 vs M=2.13, CI: -2.16; -0.91) respectively; other constructs were not significantly different. Reliability of TAM revealed a Cronbach Alpha of α=.91. EFA showed that three components explained 73.48% of the variance: Behavioral Intention of Use (14.9%), Perceived Ease of Use (50.74%), Perceived Usefulness (7.84%). SEM found that perceived ease of use increased perceived usefulness (standardized regression weight=0.49); perceived usefulness (0.51) had more predictive value than perceived ease of use (0.27) to explain the behavioral intention of use of the EPP. Conclusions We found that providers valued the usefulness of EPP and were mostly intending to use it. This finding has yet to be tested in future studies testing actual use as intention and actual use may not be concordant. The intention to use among patients was lower than those reported in developed countries. We identified two factors that we need to address to increase use, namely perceived ease and usefulness, and proposed practical implications to address them; future research directions were also discussed.
Determinants of Clean Birthing Practices in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: a Scoping Review
Authors: Mills Joanna Esteves , Flynn Erin , Cumming Oliver , Dreibelbis Robert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Infection is a leading cause of maternal and newborn mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Clean birthing practices are fundamental to infection prevention efforts, but these are inadequate in LMIC. This scoping study reviews the literature on studies that describe determinants of clean birthing practices of healthcare workers or mothers during the perinatal period in LMIC. Methods We reviewed literature published between January 2000 and February 2018 providing information on behaviour change interventions, behaviours or behavioural determinants during the perinatal period in LMIC. Following a multi-stage screening process, we extracted key data manually from studies. We mapped identified determinants according to the COM-B behavioural framework, which posits that behaviour is shaped by three categories of determinants – capability, opportunity and motivation. Results 78 studies were included: 47 observational studies and 31 studies evaluating an intervention. 51% had a household or community focus, 28% had a healthcare facility focus and 21% focused on both. We identified 31 determinants of clean birthing practices. Determinants related to clean birthing practices as a generalised set of behaviours featured in 50 studies; determinants related specifically to one or more of six predefined behaviours – commonly referred to as “the six cleans” – featured in 31 studies. Determinants of hand hygiene (n=13) and clean cord care (n=11) were most commonly reported. Reported determinants across all studies clustered around psychological capability (knowledge) and physical opportunity (access to resources). However, greater heterogeneity in reported behavioural determinants was found across studies investigating specific clean birthing practices compared to those studying clean birthing as a generalised set of behaviours. Conclusions Efforts to combine clean birthing practices into a single suite of behaviours – such as the “six cleans”– may simplify policy and advocacy efforts. However, each clean practice has a unique set of determinants and understanding what drives or hinders the adoption of these individual practices is critical to designing more effective interventions to improve hygiene behaviours and neonatal and maternal health outcomes in LMIC. Current understanding in this regard remains limited. More theory-grounded formative research is required to understand motivators and social influences across different contexts.