bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High value‐added monomer chemicals and functional bio‐based materials derived from polymeric components of lignocellulose by organosolv fractionation
Authors: Zhang Jingzhi , Cai Di , Qin Yanlin , Liu Dehua , Zhao Xuebing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganosolv fractionation (OF) is a promising method for lignocellulosic biomass biorefining to produce biofuels, biochemicals, and biomaterials. The fractionated polymeric components may be good feedstocks to produce bio‐based materials such as green polymers via chemical or biological conversion. However, related work to specify the bio‐based materials production via organosolv fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass is relatively scarce. In this work we have provided a comprehensive review of typical organosolv fractionation for isolating cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, as well as the high value‐added monomer chemicals and functional materials derived from the fractionated components and their potential applications developed in recent years, primarily including the modified cellulose fibers for polymer materials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), polysaccharide‐derived platform precursors for synthesis of bio‐based polymers, lignin‐derived dispersants, surfactants, carbon materials, and hemicellulose‐derived functional materials, etc. This work suggests that organosolv fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass could be a good entry to biomass refinery for high value‐added and functional materials production. However, there are still many challenges that should be overcome in terms of the fundamental, technical, and economic aspects for the organosolv fractionation process, formation of precursor compounds, synthesis of the bio‐based materials, design of product properties and functions, and the integration of the entire process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dynamic acetylation profile during mammalian neurulation
Authors: Massa Valentina , Avagliano Laura , Grazioli Paolo , De Castro Sandra C. P. , Parodi Chiara , Savery Dawn , Vergani Patrizia , Cuttin Serena , Doi Patrizia , Bulfamante Gaetano , Copp Andrew J. , Greene Nicholas D. E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeural tube defects (NTDs) result from failure of neural tube closure during embryogenesis. These severe birth defects of the central nervous system include anencephaly and spina bifida, and affect 0.5–2 per 1,000 pregnancies worldwide in humans. It has been demonstrated that acetylation plays a pivotal role during neural tube closure, as animal models for defective histone acetyltransferase proteins display NTDs. Acetylation represents an important component of the complex network of posttranslational regulatory interactions, suggesting a possible fundamental role during primary neurulation events. This study aimed to assess protein acetylation contribution to early patterning of the central nervous system both in human and murine specimens.MethodsWe used both human and mouse (Cited2
−/−) samples to analyze the dynamic acetylation of proteins during embryo development through immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe report the dynamic profile of histone and protein acetylation status during neural tube closure. We also report a rescue effect in an animal model by chemical p53 inhibition.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the p53‐acetylation equilibrium may play a role in primary neurulation in mammals.
The phage display of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A significantly enhances catalytic activity due to altered nanoscale distribution in colloidal solution
Authors: Nahar Sharifun , Sokullu Esen , Gauthier Marc A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScreening libraries of mutant proteins by phage display is now relatively common. However, one unknown factor is how the bacteriophage scaffold itself influences the properties of the displayed protein. This communication evaluates the effect of solution parameters on the catalytic activity of phage displayed Bacillus subtilis Lipase A (BSLA), compared to the free enzyme in solution. While the pH‐ and temperature‐activity profiles of BSLA were not intrinsically affected by phage display, the nanoscale distribution of BSLA within the micellar assay buffer was. This lead to a pronounced increase of activity of phage–BSLA relative to the free enzyme, owing to the accumulation of phage–BSLA at the substrate‐rich micelles. Considering this result obtained for BSLA, caution is warranted and similar effects should be considered when selecting other enzymes/proteins by phage display, as the activity of the displayed protein may differ from that of the free protein.
Analytical solution for a hybrid Logistic‐Monod cell growth model in batch and continuous stirred tank reactor culture
Authors: Xu Peng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMonod and Logistic growth models have been widely used as basic equations to describe cell growth in bioprocess engineering. In the case of the Monod equation, the specific growth rate is governed by a limiting nutrient, with the mathematical form similar to the Michaelis–Menten equation. In the case of the Logistic equation, the specific growth rate is determined by the carrying capacity of the system, which could be growth‐inhibiting factors (i.e., toxic chemical accumulation) other than the nutrient level. Both equations have been found valuable to guide us build unstructured kinetic models to analyze the fermentation process and understand cell physiology. In this work, we present a hybrid Logistic‐Monod growth model, which accounts for multiple growth‐dependent factors including both the limiting nutrient and the carrying capacity of the system. Coupled with substrate consumption and yield coefficient, we present the analytical solutions for this hybrid Logistic‐Monod model in both batch and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) culture. Under high biomass yield (Yx/s) conditions, the analytical solution for this hybrid model is approaching to the Logistic equation; under low biomass yield condition, the analytical solution for this hybrid model converges to the Monod equation. This hybrid Logistic‐Monod equation represents the cell growth transition from substrate‐limiting condition to growth‐inhibiting condition, which could be adopted to accurately describe the multi‐phases of cell growth and may facilitate kinetic model construction, bioprocess optimization, and scale‐up in industrial biotechnology.
Quantification of cobimetinib, cabozantinib, dabrafenib, niraparib, olaparib, vemurafenib, regorafenib and its metabolite regorafenib M2 in human plasma by UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Krens Stefanie D. , van der Meulen Eric , Jansman Frank G.A. , Burger David M. , van Erp Nielka P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA sensitive and selective ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of seven oral oncolytics (two PARP inhibitors, i.e. olaparib and niraparib, and five tyrosine kinase inhibitors, i.e. cobimetinib, cabozantinib, dabrafenib, vemurafenib and regorafenib, plus its active metabolite regorafenib M2) in EDTA plasma was developed and validated. Stable isotope‐labelled internal standards were used for each analyte. A simple protein precipitation method was performed with acetonitrile. The LC–MS/MS system consisted of an Acquity H‐Class UPLC system, coupled to a Xevo TQ‐S micro tandem mass spectrometer. The compounds were separated on a Waters CORTECS UPLC C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.6 μm particle size) and eluted with a gradient elution system. The ions were detected in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was validated for cobimetinib, cabozantinib, dabrafenib, niraparib, olaparib, vemurafenib, regorafenib and regorafenib M2 over the ranges 6–1000, 100–5000, 10–4000, 200–2000, 200–20,000, 5000–100,000, 500–10,000 and 500–10,000 μg/L, respectively. Within‐day accuracy values for all analytes ranged from 86.8 to 115.0% with a precision of <10.4%. Between‐day accuracy values ranged between 89.7 and 111.9% with a between‐day precision of <7.4%. The developed method was successfully used for guiding therapy with therapeutic drug monitoring in cancer patients and clinical research programs in our laboratory.
Quantification of selected aroma compounds in e‐cigarette products and toxicity evaluation in HUVEC/Tert2 cells
Authors: Noël Jean‐Christophe , Rainer Daniela , Gstir Ronald , Rainer Matthias , Bonn Günther 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring recent years, the number of consumers using so‐called e‐cigarettes, which are electrical devices to aerosolize a liquid consisting of propylene glycol, glycerol, optional nicotine and flavoring chemicals, has been increasing. Aromas vary from common flavors such as mint to more unusual flavors such as buttermilk or pepperoni pizza. Consumers today can buy e‐concentrates that consist of propylene glycol and aroma to blend their own desired flavor at home. Little is known about the composition and concentration of various aroma molecules in the different e‐liquids and e‐concentrates. In addition, the process of EU‐wide regulation is still ongoing. The aim of this research study was to identify and quantify possible undesirable aroma compounds in e‐liquids and e‐concentrates. Flavoring chemicals such as estragole, benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde were quantified. The measurements were carried out on a GC–MS system. The results show the presence of highly concentrated flavoring compounds and limonene oxide in lemon‐flavored e‐concentrates. In the final step, samples and single‐aroma standards were tested for their toxicity to HUVEC/Tert2 cells, where some single‐flavoring chemicals such as cinnamic aldehyde revealed significant toxic effects.
Silencing circular RNA VANGL1 inhibits progression of bladder cancer by regulating miR‐1184/IGFBP2 axis
Authors: Yang Dengke , Qian Haining , Fang Zhen , Xu An , Zhao Shutian , Liu Bingyan , Li Dong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCircular RNA VANGL1 (circVANGL1) is generated from two exons of the Van Gogh‐like 1 (VANGL1) gene and serves as a tumor promoter by sponging certain microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the role of circVANGL1 in bladder cancer (BC) is still unclear. So, in order to investigate the role of circVANGL1 in BC, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was employed to evaluate the circVANGL1 expression in tumor tissues from BC patients and in BC cell lines. Small interfering RNA against circVANGL1 was constructed and stably transfected into human bladder epithelium immortalized cells (SV‐HUC). Cell invasion and migration were detected in Transwell chambers, cell proliferation was determined by CCK8 assays, and tumorigenesis in nude mice was examined to assess the effect of circVANGL1 in BC. Subcellular localization of circVANGL1 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The interactive relationships among circVANGL1, miRNA, and relative proteins were confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. The results showed that circVANGL1 was upregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines. Silencing the expression of circVANGL1 suppressed cell invasion, migration, and proliferation during in vitro experiments. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circVANGL1 upregulated the expression of miR‐1184 target gene insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) by sponging miR‐1184, which promoted the aggressive biological behaviors of BC. Taken together, our results indicate that circVANGL1 acts as a tumor promoter through the novel circVANGL1/miR‐1184/IGFBP2 axis. Hopefully, our study will provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of BC.
Circ_0001658 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells via regulating miR‐382‐5p/YB‐1 axis
Authors: Wang Lisong , Wang Pengbin , Su Xiujun , Zhao Bo 
Published: November 2019

Circular RNA (circRNA) can modulate the gene expression via sponging microRNA (miRNA) in multiple malignancies. Nevertheless, the detailed function of circ_0001658 in osteosarcoma (OS) and its regulatory mechanism remain elusive. Real‐time PCR was carried out to detect the expressions of circ_0001658, miR‐382‐5p, and Y box‐binding protein 1 (YB‐1) mRNA in OS tissues. Besides, western blot was done to monitor YB‐1 expression in OS cells. Chi‐squared test was used to analyse the correlation between circ_0001658 and clinicopathologic characteristics of OS patients. CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay were performed to determine the function of circ_0001658. Moreover, dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay was done to verify the targeting relationship between circ_0001658 and miR‐382‐5p. Compared with adjacent tissues, circ_0001658 displayed a significantly higher expression in OS tissues. Circ_0001658 could facilitate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells and impede apoptosis by sponging miR‐382‐5p. Further, circ_0001658 was proved to directly and negatively regulate the expression of miR‐382‐5 while positively modulate the expression of YB‐1. Circ_0001658 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of OS cells via modulating miR‐382‐5p/YB‐1 axis.Significance of the studyIn recent years, the expression and function of circular RNA in cancer have been the focus of tumour research. The study on circular RNA helps elucidate the molecular pathology of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study demonstrated that circ_0001658 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of OS cells via modulating miR‐382‐5p/YB‐1 axis. To our best knowledge, this work is the first to study the expression and function of circ_0001658 in cancer.
Effects of flavonoids on tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Venegas Gloria , Sánchez‐Carballido Manuel Alejandro , Delmas Suárez Claire , Gómez‐Mora Juan Arturo , Bonneau Noémie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is associated with tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. While clinical outcomes have recently improved for HPV‐positive patients in general, 50% of patients suffering from tongue cancer die within 5 years of being diagnosed. Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites with a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Flavonoids have generated high interest as therapeutic agents owing to their low toxicity and their effects on a large variety of cancer cell types. In this literature review, we evaluate the actions of flavonoids on SCC of the tongue demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro models.
Mathematical modelling in high school chemistry: Titration curves
Authors: Kraska Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn der Schule, aber auch darüber hinaus werden die Fächer aus Sicht der Lernenden häufig isoliert gesehen. Demgegenüber sind in einem Fach auch immer Beiträge anderer Fächer erforderlich. Im Fach Chemie sind dies unter anderem Kenntnisse in angewandter Mathematik. Um möglichst früh den Bezug der Chemie zur Mathematik zu verdeutlichen, können bereits in der Schule Prinzipien der mathematischen Modellierung eingeführt werden. Hier wird anhand eines konkreten Beispiels gezeigt, wie man die mathematische Modellierung bzw. Simulation eines Standardexperiments in der Schulchemie, die Titration einprotoniger starker sowie schwacher Säuren mit einer starken Base, durchführen kann. Die Herleitung basiert ausschließlich auf mathematischen Fähigkeiten, die in der Sekundarstufe I vermittelt werden, und ist so für die gymnasiale Oberstufe geeignet. Das Thema fügt sich in die Lehrpläne als eine Vertiefung ein. Durch diese Art der Implementierung der Mathematik im Chemieunterricht kann auch einer möglichen Entfremdung des Schulfachs Chemie von dem Studienfach Chemie entgegengewirkt werden. Die hier durchgeführten Herleitungen sind mit Blick auf die Nachvollziehbarkeit bewusst ausführlich und sollten für die Anwendung im Chemieunterricht angepasst werden. Die Art der Herleitungen bietet außerdem Möglichkeiten, übergeordnete Modellierungsmethoden der Naturwissenschaften zu vermitteln.
Dynamic motions of molecular motors in the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Jung Wonyeong , Tabatabai A. Pasha , Thomas Jacob J. , Tabei S. M. Ali , Murrell Michael P. , Kim Taeyoon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring intracellular transport, cellular cargos, such as organelles, vesicles, and proteins, are transported within cells. Intracellular transport plays an important role in diverse cellular functions. Molecular motors walking on the cytoskeleton facilitate active intracellular transport, which is more efficient than diffusion‐based passive transport. Active transport driven by kinesin and dynein walking on microtubules has been studied well during recent decades. However, mechanisms of active transport occurring in disorganized actin networks via myosin motors remain elusive. To provide physiologically relevant insights, we probed motions of myosin motors in actin networks under various conditions using our well‐established computational model that rigorously accounts for the mechanical and dynamical behaviors of the actin cytoskeleton. We demonstrated that myosin motions can be confined due to three different reasons in the absence of F‐actin turnover. We verified mechanisms of motor stalling using in vitro reconstituted actomyosin networks. We also found that with F‐actin turnover, motors consistently move for a long time without significant confinement. Our study sheds light on the importance of F‐actin turnover for effective active transport in the actin cytoskeleton.
Development of an error‐detection examination for conservative dentistry education
Authors: Yoneda Masahiro , Yamada Kazuhiko , Izumi Toshio , Matsuzaki Etsuko , Maruta Michito , Hatakeyama Junko , Morita Hiromitsu , Tsuzuki Takashi , Anan Hisashi , Hirofuji Takao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveFor dental students, textbooks and lectures provide basic knowledge, and simulated and actual clinical training provide learning in technical and communication skills. At our college, conservative dentistry is taught in the third and fourth years of a 6‐year undergraduate degree. Clinical training is undertaken subsequently in the fifth year and includes cavity preparation and composite resin filling tasks. However, despite the clinical importance of a full understanding surrounding these procedures, sixth‐year students occasionally provide incorrect answers regarding these procedures in assessments. Although they demonstrated a basic understanding of the procedures, they may have forgotten the acquired knowledge during their clinical training. Therefore, we developed an error‐detection examination to evaluate and improve fifth‐year students' knowledge.MethodsWritten detailed treatment procedures for standardized, typical, cases were presented to students. Some critical steps were intentionally written incorrectly, and students had to identify and correct these. After correcting the steps, students gave a presentation to their peers on their corrections. This was followed by a summary of the correct answers and a short lecture by the teacher. Students then completed a questionnaire investigating their experience of the examination.ResultsStudents misunderstood some key treatment steps, such as pretreatment of composite resin filling, amalgam removal, and ceramic inlay fitting. The questionnaire revealed that this method of testing applied knowledge was new to students and helped them to identify knowledge gaps. The test also increased their motivation to study conservative dentistry. Students were open to taking similar tests in different areas.ConclusionAlthough conservative dentistry is a basic field of dental treatment, mistakes in treatment can lead to early treatment failure or reduce the lifetime of a restored tooth. Therefore, students need to have a deep understanding of procedures. Error‐detection examinations may help students identify knowledge gaps and provide useful feedback to teachers to identify areas that they should stress in earlier years.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Renewable Phthalic Anhydride from 5‐Hydroxymethfurfural by using MoO3/Cu(NO3)2 as Catalyst
Authors: Jia Wenlong , Sun Yong , Zuo Miao , Feng Yunchao , Tang Xing , Zeng Xianhai , Lin Lu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, a synthetic pathway to renewable phthalic anhydride (PA) from 5‐hydroxymethfurfural (HMF) in one pot is reported. The commonly available catalysts MoO3 and Cu(NO3)2 play a crucial role in integrating the multiple steps of the reaction, namely decarbonylation of HMF to active furyl intermediate (AFI), oxidation of HMF to maleic anhydride (MA), Diels–Alder cycloaddition of AFI and MA, and subsequent dehydration, in one pot. Under mild reaction conditions, a 63.2 % yield of PA is obtained from HMF. Compared with the currently reported route to renewable PA based on the Diels–Alder cycloaddition of biomass‐derived MA and furan, this convenient one‐pot synthesis represents a great improvement in efficiency.
Multi‐site reproducibility of a human immunophenotyping assay in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells preparations using CyTOF technology coupled with Maxpar Pathsetter, an automated data analysis system
Authors: Bagwell Charles Bruce , Hunsberger Benjamin , Hill Beth , Herbert Donald , Bray Christopher , Selvanantham Thirumahal , Li Stephen , Villasboas Jose C. , Pavelko Kevin , Strausbauch Michael , Rahman Adeeb , Kelly Gregory , Asgharzadeh Shahab , Gomez‐Cabrero Azucena , Behbehani Gregory , Chang Hsiaochi , Lyberger Justin , Montgomery Ruth , Zhao Yujiao , Inokuma Margaret , Goldberger Ofir , Stelzer Greg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐dimensional mass cytometry data potentially enable a comprehensive characterization of immune cells. In order to positively affect clinical trials and translational clinical research, this advanced technology needs to demonstrate a high reproducibility of results across multiple sites for both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and whole blood preparations. A dry 30‐marker broad immunophenotyping panel and customized automated analysis software were recently engineered and are commercially available as the Fluidigm® Maxpar® Direct™ Immune Profiling Assay™. In this study, seven sites received whole blood and six sites received PBMC samples from single donors over a 2‐week interval. Each site labeled replicate samples and acquired data on Helios™ instruments using an assay‐specific acquisition template. All acquired sample files were then automatically analyzed by Maxpar Pathsetter™ software. A cleanup step eliminated debris, dead cells, aggregates, and normalization beads. The second step automatically enumerated 37 immune cell populations and performed label intensity assessments on all 30 markers. The inter‐site reproducibility of the 37 quantified cell populations had consistent population frequencies, with an average %CV of 14.4% for whole blood and 17.7% for PBMC. The dry reagent coupled with automated data analysis is not only convenient but also provides a high degree of reproducibility within and among multiple test sites resulting in a comprehensive yet practical solution for deep immune phenotyping.