bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constipation in chronic kidney disease: it is time to reconsider
Authors: Ikee Ryota , Yano Kazuhiro , Tsuru Tomomi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConstipation is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is primarily characterized by decreased intestinal motility. This chronic disorder affects the quality of life of patients. However, nephrologist and dialysis clinicians have long had a disproportionately limited understanding of constipation. Accumulating evidence has revealed a relationship between constipation and cardiovascular disease and CKD. The pathogenesis of constipation in CKD patients is multifactorial: decreased physical activity, comorbidities affecting bowel movement, such as diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, and hyperparathyroidism, a restricted dietary intake of plant-based fiber-rich foods, and multiple medications, including phosphate binders and potassium-binding resins, have all been implicated. CKD is associated with alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, so-called gut dysbiosis. Recent studies showed that CKD-related gut dysbiosis decreased intestinal motility via intestinal inflammation or the increased generation of gut-derived uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal secretion of mucin was found to be decreased in CKD animal models, which may delay colonic transit by diminished lubrication in the alimentary tract. Thus, CKD-related gut dysbiosis may play a role in constipation, but limited information is currently available. Since constipation is often intractable, particularly in CKD patients, every available means needs to be employed in its treatment. The effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the composition of the gut microbiota and gut-derived uremic toxins have been increasingly reported. However, their effects on stool consistency or frequency in CKD patients remain unclear. Some laxatives may be beneficial for improving not only bowel habits but also gut dysbiosis. Further studies are required to elucidate the CKD-specific pathogenesis of constipation and develop novel effective treatment options.
Optimization of energy exchange in microgrid networks: a coalition formation approach
Authors: Essayeh Chaimaa , Fenni Mohammed Raiss El , Dahmouni Hamza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we elaborate a new strategy based on cooperative game theory models to encourage and manage the interactions in a MicroGrid network. The proposed strategy optimizes the cooperation and the energy exchange in a distributed μGrid network. The strategy consists of a two stage algorithm: Coalition formation algorithm which was specifically created to approximate the optimal set of coalitions that return considerable savings. And the Matching game to manage the energy exchange inside each coalition. The performance of our strategy was verified through simulations. These latter show that the losses can be considerably decreased by the use of the proposed strategy: the rate of the loss reduction can reach up to 20% if the two stages are applied on the network. Moreover, the strategy proved to have a fast convergence which makes it operational for real implemented networks.
Diagnosis of an intestinal mucormycosis ‘fungus ball’ located with PET/CT with [18F] FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Gallo Franklin , Vija Lavinia , Le Grand Sophie , Moukarbel Nada , Mortele Koen , Gabiache Erwan , Courbon Frédéric , Tavitian Suzanne , Dierickx Lawrence O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMucormycosis is a life-threatening infection with most commonly rhino-orbital-cerebral and pulmonary syndromes that mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. FDG-PET/CT emerged as a sensitive non-invasive tool to identify systemic mucormycosis. We present a 59-year-old woman for whom a PET/CT with 18F-FDG was performed in search of a primary location of mucormycosis with non-contributive conventional workup. A large left abdominal mass was seen, compatible with a fungus ball, with intense parietal uptake and without any central uptake. The localization of the infection provided a target for surgery and permitted to adapt the therapeutic strategy. After resection, the final diagnosis was consistent with mucormycosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a PET/CT image with FDG showing an intestinal fungus ball. PET/CT with 18F-FDG may contribute to the management of patients with fungal infections of unknown origin.
Metagenomic discovery and co-infection of diverse wobbly possum disease viruses and a novel hepacivirus in Australian brushtail possums
Authors: Chang Wei-Shan , Eden John-Sebastian , Hartley William J. , Shi Mang , Rose Karrie , Holmes Edward C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) are an introduced pest species in New Zealand, but native to Australia where they are protected for biodiversity conservation. Wobbly possum disease (WPD) is a fatal neurological disease of Australian brushtail possums described in New Zealand populations that has been associated with infection by the arterivirus (Arteriviridae) wobbly possum disease virus (WPDV-NZ). Clinically, WPD-infected possums present with chronic meningoencephalitis, choroiditis and multifocal neurological symptoms including ataxia, incoordination, and abnormal gait.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective investigation to characterise WPD in native Australian brushtail possums, and used a bulk meta-transcriptomic approach (i.e. total RNA-sequencing) to investigate its potential viral aetiology. PCR assays were developed for case diagnosis and full genome recovery in the face of extensive genetic variation.

Results
We identified genetically distinct lineages of arteriviruses from archival tissues of WPD-infected possums in Australia, termed wobbly possum disease virus AU1 and AU2. Phylogenetically, WPDV-AU1 and WPDV-AU2 shared only ~ 70% nucleotide similarity to each other and the WPDV-NZ strain, suggestive of a relatively ancient divergence. Notably, we also identified a novel and divergent hepacivirus (Flaviviridae) - the first in a marsupial - in both WPD-infected and uninfected possums, indicative of virus co-infection.

Conclusions
We have identified marsupial-specific lineages of arteriviruses in mainland Australia that are genetically distinct from that in New Zealand, in some cases co-infecting animals with a novel hepacivirus. Our study provides new insight into the hidden genetic diversity of arteriviruses, the capacity for virus co-infection, and highlights the utility of meta-transcriptomics for disease investigation in a One Health context.
Molecular Biomarkers in Localized Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Eggener Scott E. , Rumble R. Bryan , Armstrong Andrew J. , Morgan Todd M. , Crispino Tony , Cornford Philip , van der Kwast Theodorus , Grignon David J. , Rai Alex J. , Agarwal Neeraj , Klein Eric A. , Den Robert B. , Beltran Himisha 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE This guideline provides recommendations for available tissue-based prostate cancer biomarkers geared toward patient selection for active surveillance, identification of clinically significant disease, choice of postprostatectomy adjuvant versus salvage radiotherapy, and to address emerging questions such as the relative value of tissue biomarkers compared with magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS An ASCO multidisciplinary Expert Panel, with representatives from the European Association of Urology, American Urological Association, and the College of American Pathologists, conducted a systematic literature review of localized prostate cancer biomarker studies between January 2013 and January 2019. Numerous tissue-based molecular biomarkers were evaluated for their prognostic capabilities and potential for improving management decisions. Here, the Panel makes recommendations regarding the clinical use and indications of these biomarkers. RESULTS Of 555 studies identified, 77 were selected for inclusion plus 32 additional references selected by the Expert Panel. Few biomarkers had rigorous testing involving multiple cohorts and only 5 of these tests are commercially available currently: Onco type Dx Prostate, Prolaris, Decipher, Decipher PORTOS, and ProMark. With various degrees of value and validation, multiple biomarkers have been shown to refine risk stratification and can be considered for select men to improve management decisions. There is a paucity of prospective studies assessing short- and long-term outcomes of patients when these markers are integrated into clinical decision making. RECOMMENDATIONS Tissue-based molecular biomarkers (evaluating the sample with the highest volume of the highest Gleason pattern) may improve risk stratification when added to standard clinical parameters, but the Expert Panel endorses their use only in situations in which the assay results, when considered as a whole with routine clinical factors, are likely to affect a clinical decision. These assays are not recommended for routine use as they have not been prospectively tested or shown to improve long-term outcomes—for example, quality of life, need for treatment, or survival. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/genitourinary-cancer-guidelines .
Efficacy and safety of suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide in cases of resistant diabetic macular edema
Authors: Tayyab Haroon , Ahmed Chaudhry Nasir , Sadiq Muhammad Ali Ayaz 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide (SCTA) injection in patients with treatment resistant Diabetic Macular Edema (DME).
Methods: This was a prospective non randomized interventional study conducted in the vitreoretinal department of Al Ehsan Welfare Eye Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from March 2018 to September 2018. A total of 24 eyes of 24 patients were included. Baseline Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) and Central Subfield Thickness (CST) was recorded. After SCTA, patient was followed up at one and three months and same clinical parameters were recorded again and results analyzed.
Results: Out of 24 patients, 11(45.83%) were males and 13(54.16%) were females. Mean pre injection CST was 636.5 ± 200.11 um. Mean pre injection BCVA was 0.8 ± 0.24 on ETDRS chart. Mean post injection CST at one and three months was 304.54 ± 67.43 and 302.66 ± 66.93 um. Mean post injection BCVA at one and three months was 0.47 ± 0.3 and 0.45 ± 0.27 on ETDRS chart. The results were statistically significant for pre and post injection CST at both one and three months (p-value < 0.00001). Pre and post injection BCVA was also statistically significant (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion: Preliminary evidence suggests that SCTA is well tolerated and may help in improving functional and structural outcomes of treatment resistant DME.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1194
How to cite this:Tayyab H, Ahmed CN, Sadiq MAA. Efficacy and safety of suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide in cases of resistant diabetic macular edema. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1194
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Skin temperature as a clinical parameter for nursing care: a descriptive correlational study
Authors: Soares Rhea SA , Lima Suzinara BS , Eberhardt Thaís D , Rodrigues Liane R , Martins Robson S , Silveira Lidiana BTD , Alves Paulo JP 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To identify the skin temperature in different body areas of hospitalised individuals in the surgical unit, without risk of developing a pressure ulcer (PU). Methods: A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study, carried out May–October 2017, in a surgical unit of a university hospital in southern Brazil. Temperature was measured at the bony prominences including scapula, elbow, trochanters and heels, on both sides of the body, as well as occipital and sacral regions. Results: A total of 230 patients took part in the study. All regions of the body measured presented differences in temperatures. The sacral region presented the highest mean temperature (34.2±0.1°C). Patients (aged 18–59 years) had higher skin temperatures in the sacral region than older patients (aged 60–88 years). There was a symmetry in temperatures on both sides of the body. There was a low degree of correlation between age, room temperature, room humidity and skin temperature in some body regions. Conclusion: The study established mean values for skin temperature in specific body regions in patients without risk of developing a PU, hospitalised in a surgical unit. It also demonstrates how skin temperature can be used as a clinical parameter in practice to support the prevention of PUs.
Evaluation of infrared technology to detect category I and suspected deep tissue injury in hospitalised patients
Authors: Aloweni Fazila Abu Bakar , Ang Shin Yuh , Chang Yee Yee , Ng Xin Ping , Teo Kai Yunn , Choh Andrea Chaeu Lin , Goh Ivy Hui Qi , Lim Siew Hoon 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To evaluate the use of an infrared thermography device in assessing skin temperature among category I pressure ulcer (PU) and/or suspected deep tissue injuries (SDTI) with intact skin. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study design was used. Adult inpatients (cases) who had a category I PU or suspected deep tissue injury (skin intact) on the sacral or heel during the study period (March to April 2018) were recruited. Patients without a PU were also recruited to act as control. Thermal images of the patient's PU site and non-PU site were taken within 24 hours of PU occurrence. Thermal images of the control patients (no PU) were also taken. Each PU case was matched to three control patients in terms of age, gender, race and anatomical sites. All thermal images were taken using a portable CAT S60 Thermal Imaging Rugged Smartphone (Caterpillar Inc., US) that provided readings of the skin temperature in degrees Celsius. Results: A total of 17 cases and 51 controls were recruited. Among the cases, the mean difference in skin temperature between the PU site (mean: 31.14°C; standard deviation [SD]: 1.54) and control site within the cases (mean: 28.93°C; SD: 3.47) was significant (difference: 2.21±3.66°C; p=0·024). When comparing between all cases and controls, the mean temperature difference was non-significant. When comparing between the category I PU and suspected deep pressure injury cases, the mean difference was also non-significant. Conclusion: Using infrared thermography technology at the bedside to measure skin temperature will support the clinical diagnosis of patients with skin types I to III. However, there is a need for a more accurate and objective measurement to identify and diagnose early category I PU or suspected deep tissue injury in adult patients with darker skin types 4 and above, enabling early initiation of preventive measures in the hospital acute care setting.
Adsorption isotherm, kinetic and mechanism studies of 2-nitrophenol on sedimentary phosphate
Authors: Yaacoubi Hind , Songlin Zuo , Mouflih Mustapha , Gourai Mina , Sebti Said 
Published: December 2019

Sedimentary phosphate (SP) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of 2-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions in an attempt to investigate (the feasibility of) its application (to) in wastewater purification.Â The adsorbent was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy, Fluorescence X and BET.Â The results indicated that the SP (was) is francolite (Ca10 (PO4,CO3)6F2) and mesoporous. The effect of the adsorption time and the pH of the solution were studied. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to fit adsorption data in the kinetic studies. The equilibrium isotherms were determined using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The results show that the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm had better agreement with the 2-nitrophenol adsorption on SP with a correlation coefficient of 0.98, an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 633 mg. g-1 and a corresponding contact time of 2 h. The results imply that intraparticle diffusion could be summarized as the basic rate-controlling mechanisms during 2-nitrophenol adsorption on SP.
Miniaturized Fabry–Perot probe utilizing PMPCF for high temperature measurement
Authors: Zhang Gang , Wu Xuqiang , Li Shili , Liu Wei , Fang Shasha , Zuo Cheng , Zhang Wujun , Yu Benli 
Published: December 2019

We propose a miniaturized optical fiber Fabry–Perot probe for high temperature measurement (up to 1000°C). It is simply fabricated by fusion splicing a short section of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PMPCF) with a single-mode fiber (SMF). The interface between the core of the SMF and air holes of the PMPCF, and the end face of the PMPCF work as the mirrors. The pure silica core of the PMPCF is employed as the sensing element. Experimental results show that the probe has a high thermal stability and the temperature sensitivity reaches up to 15.34 pm/°C, which is not affected by the length of the PMPCF. The linearity of temperature response is as high as 99.83%. The proposed sensor has promising prospects in practical applications due to simple fabrication process, low cost, compact size, and excellent repeatability.
Integrable all-optical NOT gate using nonlinear photonic crystal MZI for photonic integrated circuit
Authors: Kumar Shatrughna , Sen Mrinal 
Published: December 2019

A silicon photonic crystal (PhC)-based nonlinear Mach–Zehnder interferometer (NMZI) is used to design a new model for an all-optical NOT gate. The nonlinear arm of the NMZI is considered to be made of a slotted-PhC waveguide, where the slot is filled with silicon nanocrystal (

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/

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2

) material. The high nonlinearity of the

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and low group velocity of the PhC make it possible to attain a significant phase shift in low-power high-frequency pulses traveling through the nonlinear arm. A control wave is utilized to increase the phase shift by the cross-phase modulation phenomenon. A complete study on the phase variation is performed by varying various parameters such as powers and pulse widths of the probe and control signal. The study is used to determine the length of the nonlinear arm to calculate the transfer characteristic of the device. The transfer characteristic shows a successful inversion operation in the power range of 28–60 mW for a pulse width of 3 ps. The overall dimension of the device is found as

≈

112

×

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µ

m
2

. Tolerances of the device performance under fabrication imperfections are analyzed by allowing random variations in the positions and the radii of the holes. This study reveals that the inversion characteristic is sustained, even for the significant fabrication imperfections.
Towards a pedagogy of deviance
Authors: Millares Myrtle D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article engages the narratives of three Toronto hip-hop artists to explore the pedagogical possibilities revealed through the processes of performance identity construction. By immersing themselves in hip-hop communities, artists learn ways of knowing and negotiating their place at the interstices of the normative frameworks that underlie their unique combinations of cultural contexts. Artists’ stories reveal how they bring themselves into being through movement and sound. These narrations of identity become indicative of an artist’s style through performative iterations embedded with the opportunity for enacting difference. For hip-hop artists, deviating from performative expectations is not a mere possibility, but formative intention in the tradition of the African American practice of Signifyin(g), as delineated by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Conversations with hip-hop artists invite reflection on what we could accomplish through a music education pedagogy that cultivates creative deviancy that reveals, breaks open and overturns limiting conventions.
‘Frail but Fearless’: Dichotomies of femininity and strength at the New York Hippodrome, 1905–17
Authors: Merriman Rebecca 
Published: December 2019

This article examines two women who performed athletic feats at the New York Hippodrome between 1905 and 1917, arguing that their approaches to costume and bodily display were integral to their widespread critical and public acclaim. The women examined are lion tamer Claire Heliot and swimmer and diver Annette Kellerman. I contend that these performers occupied a difficult position within the early-twentieth-century entertainment industry. The type of mainstream spectacle that the Hippodrome provided, combined with strict societal ideas of what constituted femininity and masculinity, created an environment that was not conducive to the success of athletic women.
Their unusual acts therefore required them to negotiate their public image in such a way that emphasized their inherent femininity. Their costume was an essential element of this negotiation as it exposed the audience to a kind of woman with whom they were already familiar. Claire Heliot did this by occupying a traditional domestic womanhood that sharply contrasted with her dangerous lion-taming act, and Annette Kellerman emphasized her beauty through the sexually charged display of her body in form-fitting costumes and swimsuits. In addition to analyses of their costumes, critical responses to their performances are taken into consideration as evidence of these women’s success as performers. This article highlights how costume and the body can be used as tools to alter identity and reinforce gender norms for the purposes of subverting the physical expectations of women.
Conceitos, práticas de educação ambiental e formação cidadã na escola
Authors: Menezes Jones Baroni Ferreira  de , Nogueira Arlindo Pereira , Paixão Germana Costa , Da Ponte Fabiann Lucena , Pereira Livia Maria Galdino 
Published: December 2019

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar o processo educativo ambiental em uma escola pública de Ensino Fundamental no município de Capistrano-CE. Trata-se de pesquisa analítica de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 40 alunos que responderam a um questionário contendo perguntas sobre conceitos e práticas de educação ambiental. Os resultados reforçam que a prática ambiental na escola e aulas diferenciadas são fundamentais para a consolidação de atitudes socioambientais e que a escola, como promotora de conhecimento e cidadania, algumas vezes esquiva-se não atendendo aos anseios socioambientais de seus alunos.

Concepts, practices of environmental education and citizen training in school

The objective of this study was to investigate the environmental education process in a public elementary school in the municipality of Capistrano-CE. This is an analytical research with a quantitative approach, carried out with 40 students from a municipal public school. A questionnaire containing questions that addressed ambiental education (EA) concepts and practices was applied to the participants. The results indicate that the teaching and practice of EA in schools are important contributors to social practices, being the environmental practice in school and differentiated classes as fundamental to social and environmental practices. It is, therefore, evidenced that the school, as promoter of knowledge and citizenship, sometimes dodges, failing to meet the socioenvironmental desires of its students.

Keywords: Environmental Education. educational process. environmental
practice.