bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface processes in the 7 November 2014 medicane from air–sea coupled high-resolution numerical modelling
Authors: Bouin Marie-Noëlle , Lebeaupin Brossier Cindy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A medicane, or Mediterranean cyclone with characteristics similar to
tropical cyclones, is simulated using a kilometre-scale
ocean–atmosphere coupled modelling platform. A first phase leads to
strong convective precipitation, with high potential vorticity
anomalies aloft due to an upper-level trough. Then, the deepening and
tropical transition of the cyclone result from a synergy of baroclinic
and diabatic processes. Heavy precipitation results from uplift of
conditionally unstable air masses due to low-level convergence at
sea. This convergence is enhanced by cold pools, generated either by
rain evaporation or by advection of continental air masses from northern
Africa. Back trajectories show that air–sea heat exchanges moisten the
low-level inflow towards the cyclone centre. However, the impact of
ocean–atmosphere coupling on the cyclone track, intensity and
life cycle is very weak. This is due to a sea-surface cooling 1 order
of magnitude weaker than for tropical cyclones, even in the area of
strong enthalpy fluxes. Surface currents have no impact. Analysing the
surface enthalpy fluxes shows that evaporation is controlled mainly by
the sea-surface temperature and wind. Humidity and temperature at the
first level play a role during the development phase only. In
contrast, the sensible heat transfer depends mainly on the temperature
at the first level throughout the medicane lifetime. This study shows that
the tropical transition, in this case, is dependent on processes
widespread in the Mediterranean Basin, like advection of continental
air, rain evaporation and formation of cold pools, and dry-air
intrusion.
Validation and accommodation of vortex wake codes for wind turbine design load calculations
Authors: Boorsma Koen , Wenz Florian , Lindenburg Koert , Aman Mansoor , Kloosterman Menno 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The computational effort for wind turbine design load calculations is more extreme than it is for other applications (e.g., aerospace), which necessitates the use of efficient but low-fidelity models. Traditionally the blade element momentum (BEM) method is used to resolve the rotor aerodynamic loads for this purpose, as this method is fast and robust. With the current trend of increasing rotor size, and consequently large and flexible blades, a need has risen for a more accurate prediction of rotor aerodynamics. Previous work has demonstrated large improvement potential in terms of fatigue load predictions using vortex wake models together with a manageable penalty in computational effort. The present publication has contributed towards making vortex wake models ready for application to certification load calculations. The observed reduction in flapwise blade root moment fatigue loading using vortex wake models instead of the blade element momentum (BEM) method from previous publications has been verified using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A validation effort against a long-term field measurement campaign featuring 2.5 MW turbines has also confirmed the improved prediction of unsteady load characteristics by vortex wake models against BEM-based models in terms of fatigue loading. New light has been shed on the cause for the observed differences and several model improvements have been developed, both to reduce the computational effort of vortex wake simulations and to make BEM models more accurate. Scoping analyses for an entire fatigue load set have revealed the overall fatigue reduction may be up to 5 % for the AVATAR 10 MW rotor using a vortex wake rather than a BEM-based code.
Romanian Public Health Policy in the First Interwar Decade: Parliamentary Proposals for Administration of the Public Health System
Authors: Reianu Diana-Gabriela 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The beginning of the interwar period was profoundly marked by the consequences of the war, with the debates focusing on the deficiencies and problems faced by society and the urgent need to intervene. Among others, the issue of public health was, at that time, on the agenda of Romanian parliamentary debates, the main directions of intervention being the administrative organization of health, the prevention and treatment of diseases, medical practice, and material needs. Therefore, this article tries to answer the following research questions: What was the state of health in Romania at the beginning of the interwar period? What were the main directions of intervention in public health policy? Which were the main proposals voted on in Parliament in order to organize the health sector? The analysis relies mainly on Romanian parliamentary debates within the Chamber of Deputies (1919–1929), published in the Romanian Official Gazette.
Countryside Modernized or Traumatized? Rural Mental Health in Hungary after the Collectivization of Agriculture
Authors: Csikós Gábor 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Modernization and industrialization were core elements of the Communist agenda and reshaped rural life after World War Two. Although the shift toward large-scale agriculture was characterized by a decade-long unequal battle between the traditional peasantry and the Socialist state, the latter achieved collectivization by 1961, at last. In the following decades, the Hungarian cooperative model was labeled successful because of its efficiency (gross domestic product [GDP]) and its contribution to the standard of living in the Hungarian countryside. However, health reports revealed a different picture; the rates of suicide and alcoholism and the prevalence of depression and neurosis increased in these decades. What could explain these discrepancies? Were they the side effects of modernization or results of historical traumas (e.g., the repressed revolution of 1956 or violent collectivization campaigns between 1948 and 1961)? Around six hundred thousand people left the villages in the sixties, expressing that they saw no future for themselves in the countryside. This study aims to (1) explore these patterns and potential causes and (2) make the distinction between general (European modernization tendencies) and local (repressive political systems of the Eastern Bloc) effects. The research is primarily based on archival sources, such as county health reports and the archive of the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry.
The role of attitudes in the professional judicial decision-making progress: a work in progress
Authors: Olthuis Elke 
Published: June 2020

The role of attitudes in the professional judicial decision-making progress: a work in progress
In our daily decision-making processes, attitudes play an important role. An attitude is an evaluative judgement of a person, object or an issue on a scale of favorability. A large amount of research has been done on the role of attitudes in our daily decision-making processes. There is, however, a gap in empirical knowledge when it concerns the role of attitudes in the professional judicial decision-making process. It has been accepted that the professional judicial decision-making process has a subjective element, but this subjective element remains unexplained. Attitudes are inherently personal and subjective, and they can make our decision-making process easier. They can, however, also be the basis for biases and prejudices. Herein lies a potential risk, especially in the professional judicial decision-making process. If attitudes play a role in the decision-making process of judges there is a possibility that impartiality, one of the judiciary’s core professional values, might be unobtainable. To see whether attitudes play a role in the professional judicial decision-making process semi-structured interviews will be conducted among judges, who will also be asked to fill in a scenario survey. Hopefully the obtained data will lead to a start in filling this gap in empirical knowledge.
Verbintenisrechtelijke correctiemechanismen van het ongeoorloofd verrijkingsoogmerk van de bemiddelaar
Authors: Meirlaen Matthias 
Published: June 2020

What if a mediator tries to enrich himself? Correction mechanisms under the Belgian law of obligations
Every mediator has to act independently and impartially. These are core values of mediation. However, what if a mediator tries to enrich himself? The aim of this contribution is to shed light on some correction mechanisms under the Belgian law of obligations, focusing on the latest developments in the case law of the Belgian Supreme Court.
Investment Arbitration at the Crossroads of Public and Private International. Current Issues with ISDS
Authors: Víg Zoltán , Hajdu Gábor 
Published: June 2020

After decades of success, investment arbitration has become an extremely controversial topic, riven by multiple allegations and concerns among the experts and various interest groups. In this contribution, we aim to examine the most relevant and severe of these issues, including regulatory chill. Regulatory chill is a purported phenomenon that claims that investment arbitration favors foreign investors, and thus intimidates host states into refusing to implement policies that would contradict with the interests of foreign investors. We not only examine these problems, but also attempt to suggest some potential remedies for alleviating these issues.
Flexibility in Approaches to Conflict-of-law Solutions – Section 24 (1) of the Private International Law Act
Authors: Rozehnalová Naděžda 
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the question of flexibility in approaching conflict-of-law rules as a whole. The Czech Private International Law Act (adopted in 2012, in force since 1 January 2014) inclined towards the possibility of not applying the conflict-of-law rules contained in the Act itself under certain specific conditions. This represents a significant change compared to the previous regulations. The paper analyses the escape clause in section 24 (1) Czech PILA.
Development of Rules for Determining Applicable Law for the Third-party Effects of Assignment of Claims
Authors: Garajová Michaela 
Published: June 2020

Due to the lack of legal certainty in determining the law applicable to third-party effects of the assignment of claims and, consequently, determining the law applicable to the owner of the claim after a cross-border transaction, the European Commission proposed a new regulation aimed at increasing cross-border transactions investment and market integration. The aim of the new regulation is clear and the reasons for its proposal are understandable. Nevertheless, we wonder what impact the new regulation will have on cross-border transactions if it is adopted as it is right now. Will these uniform rules reduce legal risks and bring significant added value to financial markets?
Monitoramento reprodutivo de tartarugas marinhas na praia de Urussuquara/ES após o rompimento da barragem do Fundão em Mariana/MG
Authors: Silva Cleber Vinicius Vitorio da , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Silva Carlos Eduardo , Souza Camilo Pinto de , Silva Carlos Domingos da 
Published: June 2020

No dia 5 de novembro de 2015 ocorreu o rompimento da barragem de Fundão da mineradora Samarco, localizada no subdistrito de Bento Rodrigues-MG, a 35 km do centro do município brasileiro de Mariana-MG, aproximadamente 16.000 piscinas olímpicas de resíduos de mineração percolaram pelo distrito de Bento Rodrigues num período de apenas 11 minutos. A pluma deste impacto ambiental, se estendeu aproximadamente por 800 km na bacia do Rio Doce, entre Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo. O rio Ipiranga localizado entre os municípios capixabas de Linhares-ES e São Mateus-ES, foi um dos últimos locais atingidos pelos resíduos da bacia do rio Doce, tendo contato com o mar na restinga da praia de Urussuquara-ES, local que é berçário de tartarugas marinhas. O presente estudo realizado pelos cientistas e pesquisadores da Helium Corp Engenharia, teve como objetivo prospectar ninhos de tartarugas marinhas na praia de Urussuquara e realizar seu monitoramento sazonal, que teve início em setembro de 2017 e seu término em maio de 2018. Foram levantados um total de 23 ninhos com distribuição homogênea pela costa, a espécie com maior abundância de registros foi Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) com 17 ninhos, seguido da espécie Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) com 5 ninhos, seguido da espécie Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus, 1766) com 1 ninho levantado. Por conseguinte a praia de Urussuquara deve ser conceituada como um lócus prioritário de importância mundial à proteção e conservação de tartarugas marinhas.
No evidence that crayfish carcasses produce detectable environmental DNA (eDNA) in a stream enclosure experiment
Authors: Curtis Amanda N. , Larson Eric R. 
Published: June 2020

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging tool for monitoring invasive and imperiled species, particularly at low densities. However, the factors that control eDNA production, transport, and persistence in aquatic systems remain poorly understood. For example, the extent to which carcasses produce detectable eDNA is unknown. If positive detections are associated with dead organisms, this could confound monitoring for imperiled or invasive species. Here, we present results from one of the first studies to examine carcass eDNA in situ by deploying carcasses of the invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in a stream enclosure experiment for 28 days. We predicted that carcasses would initially produce eDNA that would decline over time as carcasses decayed. Unsurprisingly, crayfish carcasses lost biomass over time, but at the conclusion of our experiment much of the carapace and chelae remained. However, no eDNA of P. clarkii was detected in any of our samples at the crayfish density (15 P. clarkii carcasses at ∼615 g of biomass initially), stream flow (520–20,319 L/s), or temperature (∼14–25 °C) at our site. Subsequent analyses demonstrated that these results were not the consequence of PCR inhibition in our field samples, poor performance of the eDNA assay for intraspecific genetic diversity within P. clarkii, or due to the preservation and extraction procedure used. Therefore, our results suggest that when crayfish are relatively rare, such as in cases of new invasive populations or endangered species, carcasses may not produce detectable eDNA. In such scenarios, positive detections from field studies may be more confidently attributed to the presence of live organisms. We recommend that future studies should explore how biomass, flow, and differences in system (lentic vs. lotic) influence the ability to detect eDNA from carcasses.
Infección por Herpesvirus equino tipo 1 y tipo 4: revisión y actualización.
Authors: Tuemmers Christian , Saldivia Angelica , Venegas Oscar , Otarola Carolina 
Published: June 2020

Los Herpesvirus Equino tipo 1 (VHE-1) y Herpesvirus Equino tipo 4 (VHE-4) son patógenos que están ampliamente distribuidos en las poblaciones de equinos de todo el mundo, considerándose dentro de los agentes más importantes debido a las consecuencias devastadoras que producen a la industria equina. Las enfermedades producidas por estos virus se denominan comúnmente como Rinoneumonitis Equina (RNE) ya que ambos tienen la capacidad de producir enfermedad respiratoria, sin embargo, el VHE-1 también puede causar abortos en los últimos meses de gestación, muerte en neonatos o disfunción neurológica; por otra parte, el VHE-4 raramente puede ocasionar abortos.Luego de la infección primaria por VHE-1 o VHE-4, estos tienden a entrar en un estado de latencia viral, en la cual los animales infectados se encuentran aparentemente sanos, pudiendo posteriormente reactivarse frente a situaciones de estrés. Dichos mecanismos permiten la supervivencia y propagación de estos virus a otros caballos susceptibles.VHE-1 y VHE-4 son enzoóticos en muchos países del mundo, en especial en los que se mantienen grandes poblaciones de caballos, por lo que es primordial realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y certero, además de conocer las estrategias de prevención y control que existen a escala mundial y nacional. La presente revisión bibliográfica busca otorgar información actualizada referente a la infección por VHE-1 y VHE-4 y dar a conocer la importancia de la prevención de la infección por estos patógenos.Palabras clave: Infección, Herpesvirus Equino tipo 1, Herpesvirus Equino tipo 4.
Evaluation of heavy metals in some locally produced food seasonings in Katsina State Nigeria
Authors: Yaradua Aliyu Ibrahim , Alhassan Adamu Jibrin , Matazu Kabir Ibrahim , Nasir Abdullahi , Idi Aminu , Muhammad Usman Ibrahim , Kanadi Azik Musa 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to determine the heavy metals concentration in seeds used as raw materials in producing local food seasonings (Locust bean, Soya beans and seed of Hibiscus subdariffa) and the produced local seasonings (Daddawar Kalwa, Daddawar waken Soya and Daddawar Botso) in Katsina state Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in some local seeds used in the preparation of local seasonings and their processed products used in food seasoning in the study area, compare the effect of processing on concentration of heavy metals in samples in relation to the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO/USEPA Standards. Samples of seeds used in local processing of food seasonings were collected in the year 2017 from the selected area. Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spetrophotometry) method. The difference between concentrations of heavy metals in unprocessed and processed seed samples was performed by the use of T-test statistical analysis. Results from this study has shown that concentration values of Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn and Zn in the samples were generally lower than the USEPA, WHO/FAO maximum permissive limits. The results have indicated that the estimated daily intake of the heavy metals were lower than the tolerable daily intake limit set by the USEPA (2013) in both samples and the health risk index (HRI) for all the heavy metals were <1. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for the samples was in the decreasing order Cd>Pb>Mn>Fe>Ni>Zn>Cr, with the heavy metal Cd having a value of more than 1 which is a cause for concern. Key words: Soya beans, Heavy metals, Katsina, seasonings, locust beans.
The use of enriched organic fertilizer to reduce organic and inorganic fertilizer application and increase potato yields in the highlands of Indonesia
Authors: Rosliani Rini , Yufdy Prama , Hilman Yusdar 
Published: June 2020

The use of Enriched organic fertilizer to Reduce organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Application and Increase the Potato Yields in the Highlands of Indonesia. Experiment was conducted at Experimental Station of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (the elevation of this site is 1250 meters above sea level) from June to November 2017. The objective of the experiment is to obtain an efficient technology of nutrient management in terms of organics and biological fertilizers and to obtain appropriate technology of potato tuber. The implementation of the research was preceded by making compost manure using Bio-decomposer for one month and enriched by using Bio-Phosphate and beneficial Micro-organism, dolomite, ash husk and rock phosphate, then continued with its application in the field with potato as an indicator plant. The treatments were arrange in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments included the use of organic fertilizer in terms of horse manure enrichment at a rate of 20 and 40 t/ha and inorganic fertilizer at a rate of 0, 500 and 1000 kg NPK and horse manure 40 t/ha + 1000 kg NPK/ha as control plants (farmer’s practice). Results of the experiments indicated that the use of horse manure enriched by microorganism can reduce a rate of horse manure from 40 ton/ha to 20 t/ha to produce growth and yield of potato. Enriched horse manure can also reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers by half rate (500 kg NPK / ha). Combination of enriched horse manure 20 t / ha + 500 kg NPK / ha is more efficient to increase yield of potato tubers. The use of enriched horse manure does not seem to affect the improvement of soil fertility, especially for the availability of soil P and soil biological activity.Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, horse manure, decomposer microbes, inorganic fertilizers, tuber yields.
Carcass, Organ Weights and Egg Quality Characteristics of Guinea Fowl Layers Fed Varying Levels of Butter Fly Pea Leaf (Centrosema Pubescent) Meal.
Authors: Ahaotu Emmanuel , Nwafor C , Onyebuchu P A , Okpara O 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different protein levels on growth of guinea fowl keets (Numidia meagris) of the same age under intensive system in a typical poultry house from 6th week to 12th week of age. They were fed commercial broiler starter for two weeks and maintained on same diet of 18% crude protein for 5 weeks of age and given water ad libitum. The birds were separated into three pens. One hundred and twenty old guinea fowls were assigned at grower period on 3 dietary protein levels of 14, 16 and 18% crude protein (CP) on same metabolizable energy level of 2800 kcal/ kg. The study conducted at the Poultry Unit of Teaching and Research Farm, Imo State Polytechnic was used to test the performance of the guinea fowl layer birds. The birds were killed at the owner’s farm by cutting the neck through the jugular vein. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in feed intake between the three treatments. The internal organs for the treatments were not significantly different. Keywords: Carcass, Organ Weights, Egg Quality Characteristics, Guinea Fowl Layers, Butter Fly Pea Leaf (Centrosema Pubescent) Meal.
Heavy metal contamination of Pleuronectiformes species from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea
Authors: Bat Levent , Şahin Fatih , Öztekn Ayşah 
Published: June 2020

In the Turkish Black Sea coasts fish is particularly consumed because of high protein supplies, essential amino acids, vitamin, and mineral content. Fish are exposed to contaminants such as heavy metals in polluted waters. The aims of the study are to determine heavy metals in Pleuronectiformes species from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea and determine the health risks due to the consumption of contaminated fish. Pleuronectiformes species Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) belonging to Scophthalmidae family, Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) belonging to Bothidae family and Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810) belonging to Soleidae family were collected from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea in fishing season of 2016. Heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in edible tissues were determined by ICP-MS (Agilent 7700x). The limit values given by the international and national organizations did not exceed in the muscle tissues of turbot, Mediterranean scald fish and sand sole. Overall Zn was detected in higher concentrations in all species followed by Cu, Pb, Hg and Cd. The results obtained from the analyses of the maximum levels of the metals except Hg were found in turbot. The highest Hg (0.021±0.007 µg g-1 wet wt.) was found in sand sole. However, the high amounts of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in turbot were 0.011±0.004, 0.07±0.005,1.32±0.28 and 14±3 µg g-1 wet wt., respectively. The EDIs and EWIs of the metals were estimated taking into account the mean of metal in all fish samples and the mean consumption of fish per day/week for adults. These results are normally significantly lower than the recommended values of FAO/WHO. Estimated HIs of all the considered metals were below the value of 1, therefore the metals in fish samples do not toxic any apparent threat to the population and these fishes are healthy for consumption.Keywords: Scophthalmus maximus, Arnoglossus laterna, Pegusa lascaris, heavy metals, Black Sea