bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untethered control of functional origami microrobots with distributed actuation
Authors: Novelino Larissa S. , Ze Qiji , Wu Shuai , Paulino Glaucio H. , Zhao Ruike 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Over the past decade, origami has unfolded engineering applications leading to tunable, deployable, and multifunctional systems. Origami-inspired structures currently rely on the use of actuation methods that are pneumatic, mechanical, stimuli-responsive, etc. These actuation strategies commonly lead to bulky actuators, extra wiring, slow speed, or fail to provide a local and distributed actuation. In this work, we introduce a magnetically responsive origami system to expand its shape-changing capability for multifunctionality. We anticipate that the reported magnetic origami system is applicable beyond the bounds of this work, including robotics, morphing mechanisms, biomedical devices, and outer space structures.
Geodesic fibrations for packing diabolic domains
Authors: Kamien Randall D. , Machon Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Throughout nature, materials split into local domains. Understanding how these domains may fit together is key to understanding the materials. We describe a theory of hyperboloid “diabolic” domains in liquid crystalline systems. We show how these diabolic domains pack together, deriving a set of mathematical rules based on the Lorentz transformations of special relativity, and the complex geometry of four-dimensional space. We demonstrate that these diabolic domains may form the basis for a number of phases of matter.
Fine pattern formation with solder paste using screen printing with stainless steel mesh-cut screen mask
Authors: Nomura Ken-ichi , Horii Yoshinori , Koshi Tomoya , Yoshida Manabu , Ushijima Hirobumi , Matsuo Hiroyuki , Ouchida Takayuki , Kotsubo Yoshiharu , Kurata Yuji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Stencil contact printing is widely used to fabricate conductive patterns, and it is particularly used with solder paste to create interconnections. However, stencil contact printing is becoming inefficient for electronic components owing to the ever decreasing size of the components. An alternative method for fine pattern formation is screen printing, i.e. gap printing with a screen mask, which exploits the thixotropic characteristics of solder paste. Nevertheless, the mesh of the screen mask prevents the paste from permeating, resulting in irregular patterns. To address this issue, we propose gap printing with a mesh-cut screen mask. In this paper, we describe the fabrication procedure of the mask, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed printing in the formation of fine and thick circular patterns; the patterns are shown to have low variations in size compared with conventional printing methods. The proposed method is expected to contribute to the further miniaturisation of electronic devices.
Fabrication and characterization of a fully conventionally machined, high-performance porous-media electrospray thruster
Authors: Natisin M R , Zamora H L , McGehee W A , Arnold N I , Holley Z A , Holmes M R , Eckhardt D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
While electrospray devices have been used in a variety of applications for decades, they have recently seen a surge in research within the field of electric propulsion. These research efforts have helped significantly improve the understanding of electrospray thruster operation and optimization, however they have primarily been focused on capillary-based, droplet emitting devices due to the more readily available manufacturing techniques. In contrast, ion emitting, porous-media-based electrospray devices are less developed both theoretically and experimentally. Presented here are fabrication methods and thruster characterization results for an entirely conventionally machined, high performance porous-media electrospray thruster. The goal of this work was to explore the performance capabilities of an ion-mode electrospray thruster which could be fabricated and tested rapidly using techniques readily available to virtually any institution, with the hope of enabling more academic and industrial development of this technology. The thruster described here consisted of 576 emitters conventionally machined out of porous borosilicate glass and is able to maintain stable operation up to ± 700 µA of emitted ion current. The overall thruster design is described, and detailed fabrication steps are presented for this device. Additionally, performance characteristics are discussed for both positive and negative ion emission, including I–V curves and direct thrust measurements, as well as measurements of the emitted ion angular, 2D spatial, mass, and energy distributions. Examples of the performance of this device compared to other devices found in the literature are also discussed.
On cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet induced DNA damage in cells
Authors: Gaur Nishtha , Kurita Hirofumi , Oh Jun-Seok , Miyachika Saki , Ito Masafumi , Mizuno Akira , Cowin Allison J , Allinson Sarah , Short Robert D , Szili Endre J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To investigate the potential role of the hydroxyl radical (•OH) in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) jet treatment, two fluorescence-based methodologies are utilised to measure DNA strand breaks. The first comprises a model system of a double-stranded DNA oligomer, where the respective strand ends are tagged with fluorophore and quencher molecules; and the second, a cell culture system reporting DNA strand breaks using the γ-H2AX assay. During the various CAP jet treatments, optical emission spectroscopy is used to detect the •OH in the gas phase and electron spin resonance is used to detect the •OH in solution. The CAP jet production of the •OH is shown to correlate to CAP jet induced DNA damage both with the DNA model and in biological cells. Results indicate that the CAP jet induces a higher degree of DNA damage when the CAP plume is in contact with the target solution. The potential of a ‘plasma screen’ based upon a hydrogel film, as a method to remove the DNA-damaging •OH species from reaching skin cells, is shown to significantly reduce DNA damage whilst facilitating the delivery of hydrogen peroxide. These findings could aid in the development of CAP jet-based applications where DNA damage is the objective (e.g. in cancer treatment) and others where it is to be avoided, e.g. in open-wound treatment and dermatology.
XAD-2 resin modified by nanosecond pulsed discharge to improve the adsorption capacity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Hongli , Yang Dezheng , Xu Qingnan , Yuan Hao , Zhou Xiongfeng , Wang Wenchun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma is employed to treat the XAD-2 resins in the purpose of improving its adsorption capacity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The discharge images, waveforms of pulse voltage and discharge current, and optical emission spectra are measured to investigate the plasma characteristics. The scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of raw and modified XAD-2 resins. It is found that the adsorption capacity of modified XAD-2 resins for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is obviously improved. The adsorption capacity of XAD-2 resins modified by plasma increased by 70% in 10 min adsorption time under the optimal conditions of 20 min treatment time and artificial air. The reason for the improved adsorption capacity is attributed to the increase of specific surface area, the number of 28–33 nm micro-mesopores, and relative intensity of oxygen-containing functional groups (C=O, C–O, and COOH). The possible mechanism of plasma modification of XAD-2 resin is also proposed.
Machine learning for condensed matter physics
Authors: Bedolla Edwin , Padierna Luis Carlos , Castañeda-Priego Ramón 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Condensed matter physics (CMP) seeks to understand the microscopic interactions of matter at the quantum and atomistic levels, and describes how these interactions result in both mesoscopic and macroscopic properties. CMP overlaps with many other important branches of science, such as chemistry, materials science, statistical physics, and high-performance computing. With the advancements in modern machine learning (ML) technology, a keen interest in applying these algorithms to further CMP research has created a compelling new area of research at the intersection of both fields. In this review, we aim to explore the main areas within CMP, which have successfully applied ML techniques to further research, such as the description and use of ML schemes for potential energy surfaces, the characterization of topological phases of matter in lattice systems, the prediction of phase transitions in off-lattice and atomistic simulations, the interpretation of ML theories with physics-inspired frameworks and the enhancement of simulation methods with ML algorithms. We also discuss in detail the main challenges and drawbacks of using ML methods on CMP problems, as well as some perspectives for future developments.
A microcontroller-based interface circuit for non-linear resistive sensors
Authors: Reverter Ferran 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article proposes a circuit based on a microcontroller unit (MCU) for the direct measurement and linearization of non-linear resistive sensors, such as thermistors. The measurement relies on an embedded digital timer and does not require (either embedded or external) operational amplifiers or an analog-to-digital converter, thus resulting in a low-cost, low-power design solution. The circuit includes a known resistor with a twofold function: it is a reference for circuit auto-calibration purposes, and it is in parallel with the non-linear resistive sensor for linearization purposes. A prototype is implemented with an 8-bit MCU (ATtiny 2313) applied to a commercial thermistor, and the results show a non-linearity error smaller than 1% full-scale span.
Ultra-porous Co foam supported FeCoP electrode for high efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Pei Yuantao , Zhang Haijun , Han Lei , Huang Liang , Dong Longhao , Jia Quanli , Zhang Shaowei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Development an alternative approach to efficiently and economically produce hydrogen from water to replace non-renewable fossil fuels is one of the great challenges in the energy field. In this paper, a Co foam (CF) with 90% porosity and pore size of a few tens of micrometers was prepared, on which FeCoP nanoflowers were in-situ formed. Such a combination was used as a new electrocatalyst/self-supporting electrode for high efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction. Thanks to the larger surface area (and thus many more active sites), and quicker mass transfer through the porous structure, the CF supported FeCoP electrode exhibited much better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance than the commercial Ni foam supported counterpart prepared under identical conditions. In the case of the former, only −44 mV overpotential was required to achieve a geometric current density of −10 mA cm−2, and the electrode showed a high stability at a current density < −500 mA cm−2. The electrode developed in this work could be potentially used as a novel electrode for future large-scale production of hydrogen. In addition, the novel strategy reported here could be similarly used to develop many other types of self-supporting electrodes with further improved HER performance.
Evolution mechanism of principal modes in climate dynamics
Authors: Zhang Yongwen , Fan Jingfang , Li Xiaoteng , Liu Wenqi , Chen Xiaosong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Eigen analysis has been a powerful tool to distinguish multiple processes into different simple principal modes in complex systems. For a non-equilibrium system, the principal modes corresponding to the non-equilibrium processes are usually evolving with time. Here, we apply the eigen analysis into the complex climate systems. In particular, based on the daily surface air temperature in the tropics (30° S–30° N, 0° E–360° E) between 1979-01-01 and 2016-12-31, we uncover that the strength of two dominated intra-annual principal modes represented by the eigenvalues significantly changes with the El Ni

n

̃

o/southern oscillation from year to year. Specifically, according to the ‘regional correlation’ introduced for the first intra-annual principal mode, we find that a sharp positive peak of the correlation between the El Ni

n

̃

o region and the northern (southern) hemisphere usually signals the beginning (end) of the El Ni

n

̃

o. We discuss the underlying physical mechanism and suppose that the evolution of the first intra-annual principal mode is related to the meridional circulations; the evolution of the second intra-annual principal mode responds positively to the Walker circulation. Our framework presented here not only facilitates the understanding of climate systems but also can potentially be used to study the dynamical evolution of other natural or engineering complex systems.
Distinguishing false and true positive detections of high frequency oscillations
Authors: Gliske Stephen V , Qin Zihan , Lau Katy , Alvarado-Rojas Catalina , Salami Pariya , Zelmann Rina , Stacey William C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective. High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising biomarker of tissue that instigates seizures. However, ambiguous data and random background fluctuations can cause any HFO detector (human or automated) to falsely label non-HFO data as an HFO (a false positive detection). The objective of this paper was to identify quantitative features of HFOs that distinguish between true and false positive detections. Approach. Feature selection was performed using background data in multi-day, interictal intracranial recordings from ten patients. We selected the feature most similar between randomly selected segments of background data and HFOs detected in surrogate background data (false positive detections by construction). We then compared these results with fuzzy clustering of detected HFOs in clinical data to verify the feature’s applicability. We validated the feature is sensitive to false versus true positive HFO detections by using an independent data set (six subjects) scored for HFOs by three human reviewers. Lastly, we compared the effect of redacting putative false positive HFO detections on the distribution of HFOs across channels and their association with seizure onset zone (SOZ) and resected volume (RV). Main results. Of the 15 analyzed features, the analysis selected only skewness of the curvature (skewCurve). The feature was validated in human scored data to be associated with distinguishing true and false positive HFO detections. Automated HFO detections with higher skewCurve were more focal based on entropy measures and had increased localization to both the SOZ and RV. Significance. We identified a quantitative feature of HFOs which helps distinguish between true and false positive detections. Redacting putative false positive HFO detections improves the specificity of HFOs as a biomarker of epileptic tissue.
Searches for pair production of charginos and top squarks in final states with two oppositely charged leptons at CMS experiment
Authors: Chazin B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A search for pair production of supersymmetric particles in events with two oppositely charged leptons and missing transverse momentum is reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector during the 2016 data taking period at the LHC. No significant deviation is observed from the predicted standard model background. The results are interpreted in terms of several simplified models for chargino and top squark pair production, assuming R-parity conservation and with the neutralino as the lightest supersymmetric particle.
Global aridity changes due to differences in surface energy and water balance between 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming
Authors: Takeshima Akira , Kim Hyungjun , Shiogama Hideo , Lierhammer Ludwig , Scinocca John F , Seland Øyvind , Mitchell Dann 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Increased aridity and drought risks are significant global concerns. However, there are few comprehensive studies on the related risks with regard to the differences between relatively weak levels of warming, including the recent targets of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) of 1.5 °C or 2 °C. The present study investigates the impacts of 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming on aridification and their non-linearity based on the relationship between available water and energy at the Earth’s terrestrial surface. Large multi-model ensembles with a 4000-model-year in total are sourced from the Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis, and Projected Impacts (HAPPI) project. Results demonstrate that 2 °C warming results in more frequent dry states in the Amazon Basin, western Europe, and southern Africa, and a limited warming to 1.5 °C will mitigate aridification and increase the frequency of extreme dry-year in these regions. In the Mediterranean region, a significant acceleration of aridification is found from the 1.5 °C to 2 °C warming projections, which indicates a need to limit the warming by 1.5 °C. A substantial portion of Asia is projected to become increasingly humid under both 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming scenarios. In some geographic regions, such as Australia, a strong nonlinear shift of aridification is found as 2 °C warming results in shift to wetter state contrast to significant increases in aridity and dry-year frequency at the weaker level of warming. The results suggest that the responses of regional precipitation to global warming cause the aridity changes, but their nonlinear behaviors along with different warming levels should be assessed carefully, in particular, to incorporate the additional 0.5 °C warming.
Analysis of coastal state regulation impact on the capacity optimization of floating storage and offloading using multi criteria decision making
Authors: Susilowati H , Gurning R O S , Artana K B , Dinariyana A A B , Setiyono H A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) that is opted by most of offshore company to directly resettle crude oil and/or gas from the well during exploitation period has been commonly known as the results of the tanker conversion due to technical similarity as well as time and cost consideration. Some of the users are not aware that the compliance with the Coastal State and/or State’s institutional body where FSO will be permanently operated can be triggered to a great impact within the building and operation stages. Hence, the optimization process to satisfy all aspects such as technical, economical, and regulatory need to be conducted properly. This paper is aimed to analyse the impact of the regulations issued by a Coastal State of where FSO will be permanently operated toward the vessel capacity in the optimization process. The method used to analyse impact of regulation in optimization process is multi criteria decision making (MCDM). The mandatory provisions to convert the ship domestically is put into the influence factor of the ship optimization. Analysis result shows that cost is the most determining criteria, while coastal state’s regulation among top three aspects that influence on FSO capacity optimization.
Pre-Feasibility Study of Business Stream that Utilizing Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data
Authors: Jusuf F , Artana K B , Pratiwi E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As maritime technology becomes more advance, it produces a large number of data with various information. The information could be obtained from the system which is transmitting data such as AIS (Automatic Integrated System), VTS (Vessel Traffic Services), IBS (Integrated Bridge System), LRIT (Long-Range Identification and Tracking), and so on. An integration of this data can produce useful form of information. It leads to an opportunity for parties whose can manage those information to become a new form of business. The idea is to manage data to become information which can support maritime stakeholders. This research proposes a process in developing various business models by integrating AIS data with other relevant data and then further evaluated using a Financial Analysis. This research is expected to be a reference in fulfilling the needs of maritime stakeholder and providing an overview of businesses which are feasible to be conducted.
Cause of Electricity Supply Disruption Casuistic Assessment
Authors: Fadhilah M A , Saut Gurning R O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The port has a big role as a means of transportation in supporting the mobility of goods and people. The port is a meeting point between land and sea so that makes the port very important in the economic growth of a region. So that the operation of ports for loading and unloading must not stop or be interrupted. In many cases, one of the most frequent disruptions experienced by ports is disruptions due to electricity supply. The purpose of this study is to find the main cause of power supply disruptions in one of the container terminals as research objects. There are two factors that influence electrical supply disruption, namely external factors and internal factors. Within these factors there are several categories such as weather based, flow of transmission line, lack of maintenance, electrical current stability and lack of human resources or standard operating procedures. By analyzing the flow of electricity supply distribution in the power plants to the terminal, author can find out the main agents that cause disruption of electricity supply and the impact to the terminal. This research is expected to be used as a reference to open up insights to see all the agent that have the potential to cause disruption to the electricity supply in the terminal, so that later they can take further action.
Risk Assessment Shipping Accident of Fishing Vessel
Authors: Irvana R , Fadillah A , Manullang S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The fisheries industry continues to be one of the main contributors to economic growth. The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia reports that the total capture fisheries production rises every year. In 2016 it was recorded to produce 6.83 million tons. Comparison of safety records from the fishing industry with other industrial sectors shows that it continues to be the most dangerous occupation with a sizeable margin. The safety and efficiency of fishing vessel fleet activities is highly dependent on the quality of management decisions. The causal relationships from accidents involving fishing vessels are identified through an analysis of emergencies and fishing incidents. The purpose of this study is to improve the safety of shipping by applying the risk of accidents of fishing vessel by using Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology. The result show that Mechanical failure has a highest risk followed by Vessel Foundering, Falling Overboard and Other. With the right control measure the cost can be minimized 10 – 50 %. The cause of accident is caused by human factor. Increasing the safety of the shipping is necessary with increase the competence of human and law enforcement of shipping activities especially.