bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NbALY916 is involved in potato virus X P25‐triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Yang Xue , Tian Yanzhen , Zhao Xing , Jiang Liangliang , Chen Ying , Hu Shuzhen , MacFarlane Stuart , Chen Jianping , Lu Yuwen , Yan Fei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSystemic necrosis often occurs during viral infection of plants and is thought mainly to be the result of long‐term stress induced by viral infection. Potato virus X (PVX) encodes the P25 pathogenicity factor that triggers a necrotic reaction during PVX‐potato virus Ysynergistic coinfection. In this study, we discovered that NbALY916, a multifunctional nuclear protein, could interact with P25. When NbALY916 expression was reduced by tobacco rattle virus (TRV)‐based virus‐induced gene silencing, the accumulation of P25 was increased, which would be expected to cause more severe necrosis. However, silencing of NbALY916 reduced the extent of cell death caused by P25. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of NbALY916 increased the accumulation of H2O2 and triggered more extensive cell death when coexpressed with P25, even though accumulation of P25 was itself reduced by the increased expression of NbALY916. Furthermore, transient expression of P25 specifically induced the expression of NbALY916 mRNA, but not the mRNAs of three other ALYs in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, we showed that silencing of NbALY916 or transient overexpression of NbALY916 affected the infection of PVX in N. benthamiana. Our results reveal that NbALY916 has an antiviral role that, in the case of PVX, operates by inducing the accumulation of H2O2 and mediating the degradation of P25.
Do modern types of wheat have lower quality for human health?
Authors: Shewry P. R. , Hassall K. L. , Grausgruber H. , Andersson A. A. M , Lampi A.‐M. , Piironen V. , Rakszegi M. , Ward J. L. , Lovegrove A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWheat is the major staple food in Western Europe and an important source of energy, protein, dietary fibre, minerals, B vitamins and phytochemicals. Plant breeders have been immensely successful in increasing yields to feed the growing global population. However, concerns have been expressed that the focus on increasing yield and processing quality has resulted in reduced contents of components that contribute to human health and increases in adverse reactions. We review the evidence for this, based largely on studies in our own laboratories of sets of wheats bred and grown between the 18th century and modern times. With the exception of decreased contents of mineral micronutrients, there is no clear evidence that intensive breeding has resulted in decreases in beneficial components or increases in proteins which trigger adverse responses. In fact, a recent study of historic and modern wheats from the UK showed increases in the contents of dietary fibre components and a decreased content of asparagine in white flour, indicating increased benefits for health.
SARS‐CoV‐2 viral clearance during bone marrow aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation—A case report
Authors: Jarmoliński Tomasz , Matkowska‐Kocjan Agnieszka , Rosa Monika , Olejnik Igor , Gorczyńska Ewa , Kałwak Krzysztof , Ussowicz Marek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRespiratory viral infections are known causes of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Here, we report a unique case of a child with viral pneumonia caused by coinfection with human metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS‐CoV‐2 after HSCT. A 9‐year‐old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia underwent allogeneic HSCT from a matched, unrelated donor. During the post‐transplant period, in profound leukopenia (below 10 leukocytes/µL), she was diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2, MPV, and RSV pneumonia and was treated with ribavirin and chloroquine. Before leukocyte recovery, the girl became asymptomatic, and SARS‐CoV‐2 and RSV clearance was achieved. The shedding of SARS‐CoV‐2 stopped before immune system recovery, and one may hypothesize that the lack of an inflammatory response might have been a contributing factor to the mild clinical course. Post‐transplant care in HSCT recipients with COVID‐19 infection is feasible in regular transplant units, provided the patient does not present with respiratory failure. Early and repeated testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 in post‐transplant patients with concomitant infection mitigation strategies should be considered in children after HSCT who develop fever, respiratory symptoms, and perhaps gastrointestinal symptoms to control the spread of COVID‐19 both in patients and in healthcare workers in hospital environments. Training of staff and the availability of personal protective equipment are crucial for containing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Colonization of red raspberry flowers and fruit by Botrytis cinerea under commercial production conditions in northwestern Washington, USA
Authors: Kozhar Olga , Peever Tobin L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractColonization of red raspberry flowers and fruit by Botrytis cinerea was determined during 2017–2018 growing seasons under commercial fungicide application programmes used for grey mould management in northwestern Washington, USA. Colonization of flowers and fruit was assessed qualitatively (incidence, %) and quantitatively (abundance, number of colonies) by recovering B. cinerea from surface‐disinfested samples. Both incidence and abundance of flower colonization were significantly lower than fruit colonization in both untreated and fungicide‐treated plots. Incidence of flower colonization did not differ significantly between untreated and fungicide‐treated plots (43% vs. 45%, respectively). In contrast, significantly greater colonization incidence was detected at green fruit stage in untreated compared to fungicide‐treated plots (96% vs. 77%, respectively). Ripe fruit had the greatest colonization incidence among the three stages sampled and colonization was not significantly different between untreated and fungicide‐treated plots (100% vs. 92%, respectively). Similarly, colonization abundance of flowers did not differ significantly between untreated and fungicide‐treated plots (1.0 colonies per colonized flower in both treatments), but colonization abundance of green and ripe fruit was decreased 2.3‐ and 2.1‐fold, respectively, in fungicide‐treated plots. DNA fingerprinting analysis of the pathogen revealed that different multilocus genotypes colonized flowers and fruit within the same inflorescence and that genotypic diversity increased through time, suggesting independent infection events. Overall, our results demonstrate that under current environmental conditions, raspberry flowers may not be the exclusive or major route of infection for grey mould of red raspberry in northwestern Washington. Implications of current findings for management and further research are discussed.
Challenges Associated With the Response to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) Pandemic in Africa—An African Diaspora Perspective
Authors: Renzaho Andre M. N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa extracted huge health, social, and economic costs. How can lessons learnt during the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa help to mitigate the likelihood of a long‐term devastating effect of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak on the African continent? Despite COVID‐19 spreading quickly across the globe after being first reported in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2019, African countries remained relatively unaffected until the second week of March 2020. The majority of Africa countries have been at low to moderate risk. However, they have experienced many sociocultural, economic, political, and structural challenges. These have included laboratory capacity and logistical challenges; ill‐equipped public health systems; land border permeability, and delayed preparedness to transnational threats; and abject economic deprivation, lack of basic infrastructure, and associated sociocultural implications. There needs to be a strong country‐level leadership to coordinate and own all aspects of the responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic in a collaborative, transparent, and accountable way. Strategic and sustained response plans to fight the pandemic should incorporate culturally competent strategies that harness different cultural practices and strengthen cultural security. They should also promote and strengthen the implementation of the International Health Regulations.
Diagnosis and management of oral ulcerations associated with mycophenolate mofetil in kidney transplantation
Authors: Tenório Jefferson R. , Tuma Marina , Martins Fabiana , Ortega Karem L. , Cristelli Marina , Gallottini Marina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe final diagnosis of oral mucosal ulcerations in solid organ transplant recipients represents a challenge. We describe a unique case of oral ulceration related to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) toxicity, 11 years after kidney transplantation, whose dose reduction was sufficient to resolve it.Methods and resultsA 54‐year‐old female patient, who underwent kidney transplantation 11 years ago, presents multiple ulcers on the buccal mucosa bilaterally, soft palate and tongue dorsum, for 8 months, with moderate pain. The diagnosis of oral ulcerations associated with MMF therapy was assumed by excluding infection and malignancy diagnosis. After MMF dose reduction, the oral ulcers healed utterly.ConclusionsMMF toxicity manifested as oral ulcers. Reduction or discontinuation of MMF therapy should be considered in a patient with refractory oral ulcers and a negative workup for other causes.
Suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and neurocognitive dysfunctions among patients with first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Yin Yi , Tong Jinghui , Huang Junchao , Tian Baopeng , Chen Song , Cui Yimin , An Huimei , Tan Shuping , Wang Zhiren , Yang Fude , Tian Li , Tong Yongsheng , Hong L. Elliot , Tan Yunlong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether suicidal ideation or suicide attempts are linked to poor neurocognitive function among individuals with first‐episode schizophrenia (FES).MethodWe performed a cross‐sectional study on 159 Chinese inpatients (Mage = 27.1 years; 52.2% females) with minimal‐treated FES and collected their suicidal history through interviews and medical records. Neurocognitive performance, psychopathology, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, respectively.ResultsApproximately 1/10 FES inpatients had any suicide attempts, and more than 1/4 reported lifetime suicidal ideation. Inpatients with a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation scored significantly worse in the overall seven neurocognitive domains compared with those without past suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt. Linear regression suggested that suicide attempts were mainly associated with lower scores in working memory and speed of processing, after adjusting for education levels. The associations remained robust after further controlling for psychopathological and depressive symptoms.ConclusionFirst‐episode schizophrenia patients with suicide attempts had more severely impaired neurocognitive performances in specific domains. Fundamental neurocognitive dysfunctions should be assessed, detected, and treated after their suicide risk assessments.
A Democratic Emergency After a Health Emergency? Exposure to COVID‐19, Perceived Economic Threat and Support for Anti‐Democratic Political Systems
Authors: Roccato Michele , Cavazza Nicoletta , Colloca Pasquale , Russo Silvia 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe urgency of the COVID‐19 pandemic has led governments to impose restrictions on individual freedom and required citizens to comply with these restrictions. In addition, lockdowns related to COVID‐19 have led to a significant economic crisis. We aimed to study how the pandemic and related economic threats have impacted support for anti‐democratic political systems.MethodWe analyzed data from a quota panel of the Italian adult population (N = 1,195), surveyed once before and once during the pandemic.ResultsA hierarchical regression model showed that exposure to COVID‐19 and perceived economic insecurity were associated with support for anti‐democratic political systems, independent of participants’ predispositions toward a strong leader.ConclusionAn authoritarian personality is not a necessary precondition for individual anti‐democracy: when facing severe personal threats, anyone could restore a subjective sense of control over the social world by becoming anti‐democratic, independent of their initial predisposition to support anti‐democratic political systems.
The Effect of Classmates’ Maternal College Attainment on Volunteering in Young Adulthood
Authors: Kim Jinho 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveIn this study, I explore whether and how attending class with students who have a college‐educated mother generates positive spillovers to classmates’ volunteering behavior in young adulthood.MethodsUsing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), I employ a quasi‐experimental research design that exploits variation in student composition across grade cohorts within schools.ResultsThis study finds that the proportion of classmates with college‐educated mothers has a positive impact on the likelihood of students’ engagement in volunteering in young adulthood. Exposure to a higher proportion of classmates with college‐educated mothers increases adolescents’ future volunteering, in part, by directly transmitting civic values and providing civic opportunities and indirectly increasing “dominant status” attainment in young adulthood.ConclusionThis study suggests that the spillover effects of having peers with highly educated mothers go beyond educational outcomes and influence volunteering behavior that persists into adulthood.
The effect of some upscaling procedures on the slope derived from digital elevation models
Authors: Zhang Qianning , Shang Haibin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDigital elevation models (DEMs) and their derived parameters play an important role in geosciences. When upscaling, the influence of the upscaling procedure on the accuracy of DEMs' derived parameters has not been systematically studied. In this study, slope is taken as an example to explore the effect of upscaling procedure on the accuracy of DEMs' derived parameters. The meaning of upscaling is converting the data from finer resolution to coarser resolution. The two upscaling procedures of EES (elevation to elevation first, then elevation to slope) and ESS (elevation to slope first, then slope to slope) combined with four aggregation rules of maximum, mean, median, and minimum were used to obtain the slope result at the desired resolution in plain, hill, and mountain areas. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the upscaling procedure significantly affected slope accuracy at the desired resolution. To obtain the slope result with higher accuracy during upscaling, it was recommended that the upscaling procedure of ESS combined with the mean or median aggregation rule was adopted whatever the terrain complexity. This study can be applied for the selection of upscaling procedure and aggregation rule in the upscaling of slope and it warns us to pay more attention to the upscaling procedure when obtaining the DEM‐derived parameters at multi‐resolutions.
New molecular basis associated with CD36‐negative phenotype in the sub‐Saharan African population
Authors: Le Toriellec Emilie , Muralitharan Vintuya , Chadebech Philippe , Jouard Alicia , Ansart‐Pirenne Hélène , Pirenne France , Tournamille Christophe , Croisille Laure 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCD36 glycoprotein is expressed by various cell types, including platelets (PLTs), monocytes, and erythroid precursors, and is also the receptor for several ligands. However, absence of CD36 expression seems asymptomatic and is poorly described in Caucasians. In contrast, the frequency reaches 7% and 11% in African Caribbean and Asian persons, respectively. Lack of CD36 expression exposes to the risk of immunization in case of pregnancy or PLT transfusion. Two types of deficiency have been described: in Type I, PLTs and monocytes lack CD36 expression and the subjects are homozygous or compound heterozygous for CD36 mutations, whereas in Type II, only PLTs (Type IIa), and rarely also erythroid cells (Type IIb), are affected. Molecular events leading to Type II deficiency are poorly understood.Case ReportAn African girl, diagnosed with homozygous sickle cell disease and regularly transfused, was assessed for PLT CD36 expression by immunofluorescence microscopy. The deficiency was then confirmed by monoclonal antibody immobilization of PLT antigen (MAIPA) assay, and the subtype was assessed by flow cytometry. The underlying molecular basis was characterized by DNA sequencing. Furthermore, we tested the serum for possible anti‐CD36 immunization.Results and ConclusionFlow cytometric analysis on the patient's blood samples allowed the diagnosis of Type I CD36 deficiency. CD36 antibodies, probably due to her past history of red blood cell transfusions, were identified by MAIPA and by Luminex technology assay. Interestingly, we identified through sequencing a new molecular basis involved in CD36 deficiency: two adenines were replaced by one guanine in Exon 4 (c.367_368delAAinsG) leading to a stop codon at Position 76.
Probabilistic Modeling of Driver Behaviors at Urban Crossroad Interactions
Authors: Liu Yuan-Cheng , Chan Kuei-Yuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The interactions with human drivers is one of the major challenges for autonomous vehicles. In this study, we consider urban crossroads without signals where driver interactions are indispensable. Crossroads are parameterized to be used in studying how drivers pass the crossroad while maintaining a desired speed without collision. We define a probability of yielding for each car as a function of vehicle speed and the distance-to-intersection for both vehicles, while the interactions between vehicles are characterized by a point of action for incoming vehicles from different directions. Driver behaviors in terms of acceleration/deceleration given current circumstances are also modeled probabilistically. The method is then analyzed and validated by data collected from human drivers in the simulated environments. The result shows comparable prediction accuracy to the state-of-the-art method, where characteristic parameters of drivers are also shown to be critical for the behavior predictions. We also extend our model to two real-world urban crossroads applications : crash analysis and traffic characteristic parameters identification. In both cases, our prediction results are analogous to those acquired in virtual environments. For autonomous vehicle, our method can help building a computer-driving logic that matches human behaviors, such that interactions between different drivers will be more intuitive.
Modeling and Simulation of Subcooled Coolant Loss Through Circumferential Pipe Leakage
Authors: Ghosh Sandip , Saha Samir Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work demonstrates the leak flow behavior of subcooled water at high pressure and high temperature through a narrow slit analogous to a pipe crack. The modeling and simulations are based on the loss of coolant accident in the primary loop piping of pressurized heavy water reactors where a subcooled liquid is subjected to a rapid depressurization. Prediction of critical leak flow pattern is crucial in the design methodology of costly high energy pipelines in the perspective of leak before break consideration. For a variety of entry and exit conditions, the interphase mass transfer has been studied using computational techniques. Presence of thermodynamic nonequilibrium was detected on several occasions due to high transit velocities. A comparison with experimental findings indicates the validity of a flashing model for safety analysis of similar high energy thermal systems.
Hydrogel-Forming Microneedle Arrays for Sustained and Controlled Ocular Drug Delivery
Authors: Amer Maher , Chen Roland K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) provide a minimally invasive alternative to intravitreal injections and a promising means to sustainable ocular drug delivery. To optimize the sustained drug release profile and to ease the administration of the MN array to the eye, the number of MNs in an MN array and their layout need to be carefully selected. In this study, the drug release kinetics of MN arrays with varying numbers of MNs (8, 12, and 16) is studied over a four-week period. The MN arrays show a much more uniform drug release profile than the single injections. Only the 16-needle MN array fully released all the amount of loaded drug at the end of the 4-week period. Both 8- and 12-needle arrays showed a steady release rate over the 4-week period, which is the longest sustained release duration that has been reported. Zero-order models are created to predict drug release profiles for the three MN arrays. It is estimated that the MN array with 8 needles can deliver the drug for up to 6 weeks. The models can be used to design MN arrays with a given targeted therapeutic index for sustained drug delivery.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Materials by Al2O3 Coating
Authors: Feng Yaohua , Xu Hui , Wang Bo , Wang Shimin , Ai Ling , Li Shiyou 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) is considered as a promising high capacity (more than 160 mAh/g) cathode for lithium-ion batteries. However, NCM811 suffers the rapid capacity fading and potential safety hazard during cycling, which hinders further commercial application. Herein, a homogeneous Al2O3 film is successfully coated on the NCM811 surface by the liquid phase deposition. The Al2O3 coating layer is evidenced by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results clearly demonstrate that the Al2O3 film is uniformly covered on the NCM811. In particular, the 2 wt% Al2O3-coated materials delivers a high discharge capacity of 162.2 mAh/g and with retention of 82.67% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C than that of the pristine NCM811 electrode with retention of 64.90% and discharge capacity of 111.50 mAh/g. The improved electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the thin and dense coating layer not only effectively inhibits the direct contact between the material and the electrolyte but also promotes the transfer of Li+ in the layered structure material.
A Hierarchically Nanostructured Composite of MoO3-NiO/Graphene for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Teng Yongqiang , Liu Hao , Liu Dandan , Chen Yongchong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bicomponent transition metal oxide (TMO) anodes have attracted increased attention for the application in high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, MoO3-NiO/graphene (MNG) composite was fabricated by one-pot method. Results showed that ultrafine MoO3 nanosheets and NiO nanoparticles were homogeneously anchored on the graphene layers, which is benefit for short Li+ diffusion distance, fast reaction kinetics, and low volume expansion. The as-prepared MNG composite exhibited remarkable electrochemical properties as lithium-ion battery anodes with high specific capacities of 1164 mAh/g at 100 mA/g after 50 cycles and 946.9 mAh/g at 1000 mA/g after 180 cycles. This work indicates that the MNG composite would be a promising anode material for high-performance LIBs.