bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of common motorcycle collision mechanisms of injury
Authors: Petit Logan , Zaki Theodore , Hsiang Walter , Leslie Michael P. , Wiznia Daniel H. 
Published: September 2020

Injuries sustained in motorcycle collisions can be organized into distinct patterns to improve recognition and treatment. Lowside, highside, topside, and collision are the four main categories of motorcycle crash types. Within those four crash types, mechanisms of injury include head-leading collisions, direct vertical impact, motorcycle radius, motorcycle thumb, fuel tank injures, limb entrapment, tyre-spoke injury, and crash modifying manoeuvre. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:544-548. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190090
Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and their inhibitory response by ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius
Authors: MUTMAINNAH BQ. , AFAF BAKTIR  , NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Mutmainnah BQ, Baktir A, Ni’matuzahroh. 2020. Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and their inhibitory response by ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius. Biodiversitas 21: 4076-4085. Three isolates of Staphylococcus bacteria with the code MRSA 22372, MSSA 22187 and MSSA 22366 originated from the urine of the patient at Dr. Regional General Hospital Soetomo, Clinical Microbiology Installation Surabaya, Indonesia. Differences in bacterial strains affect their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. The active ingredient of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius L. has the potential to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to further characterize the bacteria MRSA 22372, MSSA 22187 and MSSA 22366 based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characters and to compare the growth inhibitory response of these three bacteria due to the treatment of variations in the ethanol extract of A. precatorius of 25 mgL-1- 800 mgL-1 leaves. The results showed there were differences in the diameter of bacterial colonies, the ability to ferment glucose and sucrose, and the production of urease and catalase. The molecular characteristics of the three bacteria have no similarity in the order of nucleotide bases or phylogenetic proximity to each other. Ethanol extract of A. precatorius leaves at a concentration of 800 mgL-1 inhibited the growth of MSSA 22187 with an inhibition zone of 41 mm and decreased the MSSA 22366 growth by 67.6%. MIC value of ethanol extract of A. precatorius leaves in all three bacteria was 25 mgL-1 with growth inhibition up to 29.4%, 35.3%, and 29.4% respectively.
Keyword : MRSA, MSSA, ethanol extract, Abrus precatorius L.
Characterization of Bacillus spp. from the rhizosphere of potato Granola varieties as an antibacterial against Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Prihatiningsih Nur , Arwiyanto Triwidodo , Hadisutrisno Bambang , Widada Jaka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Arwiyanto T, Hadisutrisno B, Widada J. 2020. Characterization of Bacillus spp. from the rhizosphere of potato Granola varieties as an antibacterial against Ralstonia solanacearum. Biodiversitas 21: 4199-4204. Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the important wilt pathogens that significantly decreased potato yields in Indonesia. One of the strategies to control wilt disease is the use of Bacillus sp. that isolated from potato rhizosphere. Bacillus sp. is an antagonist against some phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. The objectives of the study were to identify 5 strains of Bacillus spp. (B46, B209, B211, B298, and B315) that is capable of suppressing the growth of R. solanacearum. Experimental assays were performed to determine the growth inhibition of R. solanacearum by culturing in a two-layer medium. The identification of Bacillus spp. was performed based on physiological and biochemical characters and molecular identification. Results showed that all of Bacillus spp. are capable of suppressing the growth of R. solanacearum. B. subtilis B315 isolate was the most effective biocontrol agent in inhibiting R. solanacearum growth by a bacteriostatic mechanism. All Bacillus spp. have similarities in physiological and biochemical characters. Based on the molecular analysis, Bacillus sp. B46, B209, B211, and B298 were homologous to B. subtilis subspecies spizizeni RRLKE2, whereas Bacillus sp. B315 was homologous to B. subtilis strain WIFD5.
Short Communication: Genetic polymorphism of registered and popularly cultivated coffee (Coffea spp.) in the Philippines using inter-simple sequence repeats markers
Authors: Panaligan Arleen , MIRIAM D. BALTAZAR  , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Panaligan AC, Baltazar MD, Alejandro GJD. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic polymorphism of registered and popularly cultivated coffee (Coffea spp.) in the Philippines using inter-simple sequence repeats markers. Biodiversitas 21: 4228-4233. Three Coffea species, namely Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica have been commercially cultivated in the Philippines. Genetic variability analysis of these species is important for the conservation of genetic resources and breeding programs. Hence, this study was carried out to identify polymorphic inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers and determine the genetic variation of these three commercially cultivated coffee species. Twenty-nine DNA samples from young coffee leaves were extracted and PCR amplified. Of the 29 primers used, seven produced clear and reproducible bands. In the 54 bands produced, 51 were polymorphic. The number of bands amplified by each primer varied from 5 to 12 with an average of 7.71 bands. Polymorphism percentage ranged from 80 to 100. This is the first time that ISSR markers were used to determine the genetic variation of coffee in the Philippines. The study demonstrated the efficiency of ISSR markers to assess genetic variation in cultivated coffee species. The ISSR markers were able to differentiate the coffee germplasm at the interspecific and intraspecific levels. These results suggest the potential of ISSR markers for genetic diversity analysis of commercial coffee and varietal identification of elite varieties using DNA fingerprinting.
Feeding preference and growth response of early adults abalone, Haliotis squamata on some macroalgae
Authors: Yusup Deny Suhernawan , I GEDE MAHARDIKA , I WAYAN SUARNA , I NYOMAN ADIASMARA GIRI 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Yusup DS, Mahardika IG, Suarna IW, Giri INA. 2020. Feeding preference and growth response of early adults abalone, Haliotis squamata on some macroalgae. Biodiversitas 21: 4369-4375. Study on early adult Haliotis squamata fresh feed has evaluated some macroalgae, however, a study on Enteromorpha sp., Halymenia sp., and Hypnea sp. have not been carried out. This study was proposed to evaluate the feeding preference (feed response and feed intake) and the growth performance of early adult H. squamata on some macroalgae. Seven species of macroalgae were evaluated as unpair feeding choice and the experiment design employed was completely randomized design. The results showed that H. squamata responded variously to the seven macroalgae species and the food deprivation (fasting) data showed mounting response to all macroalgae. Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha sp. were the most responded which up to four times higher compared to the least responded i.e. Halymenia sp. and Sargassum sp. The highest to the lowest palatable feed intake (FI) were Gracillaria sp, Eucheuma spinosum, Ulva lactuca, Halymenia sp., Enteromorpha sp., Sargassum sp. and Hypnea sp. respectively. The first four palatable macroalgae resulted in various growth responses of H. squamata. Except for Halymenia sp., the feed intake (FI) rate showed an opposite linear correlation to growth response and FCR. The daily growth rate (g/day) was Ulva lactuca (0.104), Enteropmorpha sp. (0.085), Gracillaria sp. (0.084), and Halymenia sp. (0.016).
Equivalence of ray monotonicity properties and classification of optimal transport maps for strictly convex norms
Authors: Chen Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we first define ray increasing and decreasing monotonicity of maps.
If 𝑇 is an optimal transport map for the Monge problem with cost function

∥

y
-
x

∥

sc

\lVert y-x\rVert_{\mathrm{sc}}

in

R
n

R^{n}

or 𝑇 is an optimal transport map for the Monge problem with cost function

d
⁢

(
x
,
y
)

d(x,y)

, the geodesic distance, in more general, non-branching geodesic spaces 𝑋, we show respectively equivalence of some previously introduced monotonicity properties and the property of ray increasing as well as ray decreasing monotonicity which we define in this paper.
Then, by solving secondary variational problems associated with strictly convex and concave functions respectively, we show that there exist ray increasing and decreasing optimal transport maps for the Monge problem with cost function

∥

y
-
x

∥

sc

\lVert y-x\rVert_{\mathrm{sc}}

.
Finally, we give the classification of optimal transport maps for the Monge problem such that the cost function

∥

y
-
x

∥

sc

\lVert y-x\rVert_{\mathrm{sc}}

further satisfies the uniform smoothness and convexity estimates.
That is, all of the optimal transport maps for such Monge problem can be divided into three different classes: the ray increasing map, the ray decreasing map and others.
Gestión del proceso posanalítico en los laboratorios clínicos según los requisitos de la norma ISO 15189:2012. Consideraciones sobre la revisión, notificación y comunicación de los resultados
Authors: López Yeste Ma Liboria , Izquierdo Álvarez Silvia , Pons Mas Antonia R. , Álvarez Domínguez Luisa , Blanco Font Aurora , Marqués García Fernando , Bernabeu Andreu Francisco A. , Rodríguez Ma Patrocinio Chueca , García Álvarez Ana , Contreras Sanfeliciano Teresa , Pascual Gómez Natalia , Sánchez Gancedo Lorena , Guiñón Muñoz Leonor 
Published: September 2020

Resumen
El objeto de este trabajo es establecer unas consideraciones para facilitar la gestión del proceso posanalítico respecto a la revisión, notificación y comunicación de los resultados, de acuerdo con los requisitos de la Norma UNE-EN ISO 15189:2013. El ámbito de aplicación incluye las actividades del proceso posanalítico del laboratorio clínico, así como el personal implicado en él (dirección y personal del laboratorio). Se indican los criterios y la información necesaria para realizar la revisión y validación de los resultados de las pruebas analíticas y así enviar a los destinatarios informes claros, asegurando siempre una transcripción fidedigna de los resultados e incluyendo toda la información necesaria para su correcta interpretación. Asimismo, se describen los requisitos para una correcta comunicación de los resultados del laboratorio, haciendo especial hincapié en la comunicación de aquellos resultados alarmantes o críticos. En algunos países de Europa es obligatoria la acreditación, total o parcial, de los laboratorios clínicos, siguiendo la Norma ISO 15189 y esta parece ser la hoja de ruta marcada en otros muchos países. Por ello, es indispensable la comprensión de sus requisitos para realizar una implementación progresiva y más fácil.
Bereit für die Digitalisierung der Energiewende: Praxistests zur Anbindung intelligenter Messsysteme bei der 50Hertz
Authors: Richter Marc , Naumann André , Schülke Roman , Rottmann Rico , Raak Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge der Digitalisierung der Energiewende sind bei der 50Hertz Transmission GmbH (50Hertz) die erforderlichen Systeme installiert worden, mit denen die Daten in der Marktrolle Übertragungsnetzbetreiber (ÜNB) erfasst und ausgewertet werden können. In Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Fraunhofer IFF und der 50Hertz wurde untersucht, inwieweit die Systeme für das Datenaufkommen im Realbetrieb bereits vorbereitet sind. Innerhalb dieses Beitrags wird die Methodik zur Untersuchung vorgestellt. Hierbei wurden sowohl die Marktkommunikation 2020 (MaKo 2020) als auch die direkte Smart-Meter-Gateway-Kommunikation untersucht. Die Ergebnisse sowie erforderlichen Maßnahmen zur Anpassung der Systeme werden präsentiert.
Promoting positive washforward through personalised test feedback and other benefits: Piloting a computer-based testing system
Authors: Gandini Elena A. M. , Horák Tania 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This contribution reports on the developing and piloting of a computer-based version of the test of English as a foreign language produced by the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), where it is currently used for the admission of international students and the subsequent evaluation of their language progress. Among other benefits, computer-based testing allows for better and individualised feedback to both teachers and students, and it can provide a more authentic test experience in light of the current digital shift that UK universities are undergoing. In particular, the qualitative improvement in the feedback available for test-takers and teachers was for us a crucial factor. Providing students with personalised feedback, that is, directly linked to their performance, has positive washforward, because it means we can guide their future learning, highlighting the areas they need to work on to improve their language skills and giving them suggestions on how to succeed in academia. Furthermore, explaining the meaning of test results in detail improves transparency and ultimately washback, as teachers can use the more accessible marking criteria, together with information on how their students performed, to review plans and schemes of work for subsequent courses.
Preparation of a novel ginkgolide B niosomal composite drug
Authors: Zhou Juntong , Wu Xiao , Zhao Zhanhong , Wang Zhenpeng , Li Shumu , Chen Chang , Yu Shan , Qu Xintong , Li Kexin , Tian Ye , Liu Xiaojing , Zhang Gaoyu , Wang Zhaoxuan , Li Chi , Kang Ning , Huo Qing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGinkgolide B (GB) and Puerarin (Pue) are active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, both are poorly water-soluble, which limits their bioavailability. The present study used the niosome vesicle encapsulation technique to prepare a novel GB composite drug. The conditions for GB–Pue niosomal complex preparation were as follows: a hydration temperature of 60°C, a hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of 10.5, a drug–carrier mass ratio of 8:100, and a surfactant–cholesterol mass ratio of 1.5:1. The niosomal complex suspension was uniformly distributed and milky white in color, with no stratification over a duration of 1 month. It had an average particle size of 187.3 nm, a particle-size distribution of 0.237, a GB encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 68.2%, a GB drug-loading rate of 90.1%, a Pue EE of 40.5%, and a Pue drug-loading rate of 83.3%. The optimal storage temperature for the niosomal complex suspension was 4°C. Following an intravenous injection of the niosomal complex suspension into the rat tail, the area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 4 h was 54.1 h µg mL−1, with a mean residence time (MRT) of 0.96 h, a distribution half-life (T1/2α) of 0.195 h, and a total clearance of 0.003 L h−1 kg−1. The AUC and MRT of the composite prescription were 1.1- and 1.4-times those of the commercial injection, respectively, showing significantly increased sustained release and bioavailability. Moreover, the distribution of GB in the brain tissue was 1.8-times that of the commercial injection. In conclusion, the novel GB niosomal composite drug, with excellent stability, improved pharmacokinetics, and brain tissue distribution, demonstrates great potential for the delivery of GB and Pue for PD therapeutics.
Simulation of direct chlorination of ethylene in a two-phase reactor by coupling equilibrium, kinetic and population balance models
Authors: Moradi Z. , Farsi M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose of presented research is the mathematical simulation and sensitivity analysis of ethylene dichloride synthesis (EDC) through direct chlorination of ethylene in a bubble column reactor at steady state condition. In the first step, the reactor is heterogeneously simulated based on the energy and mass balance equations by coupling the mass and energy, kinetic, equilibrium, and population balance models. In the considered process, the gaseous ethylene and chlorine are dispersed and dissolved in the liquid medium and converted to EDC at the presence of a homogeneous catalyst. The population balance model is applied to calculate the heat and mass transfer area along the reactor. To investigate the accuracy of established model, the results of simulation are compared with the plant data. It is confirmed that temperature, pressure, rate of mass transfer, breakage, and coalescence phenomena change the bubble diameter and distribution in the chlorination reactor. In the second step, the effects of operating pressure and temperature on the EDC production rate are investigated by the developed model. In the third step, considering EDC production rate as the cost function the optimal operating temperature of reactor is developed at steady state condition. Based on the obtained results, the optimal operating temperature is 357 K and EDC production at the optimal condition is 23.79 mol s−1.
Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia in an extremely low birth weight: a case report
Authors: Basti Claudia , Mareri Arianna , Maranella Eugenia , Di Fabio Sandra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is a rare but fatal disorder of the lung.

Case presentation
We describe the case of an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant who presented with severe respiratory distress and recurrent bilateral pneumothorax. He died on day 17. The post-mortem examination of the lungs showed numerous cystic spaces, ranging from 1 to 2 mm in size, in the visceral pleura, in the thickened interlobular septum and hilum. A diagnosis of primary CPL was made.

Conclusions
We intend to underline that CPL, albeit rare, must be one of the differential diagnoses in infants with severe neonatal respiratory distress not responding to intensive care. Chronic interstitial lung diseases are a challenging diagnostic clinical problem, which requires a multidisciplinary approach. Histological lung examination may be useful to demonstrate the presence of CPL.
Clinical performance of amperometry compared with enzymatic ultra violet method for lactate quantification in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: de Almeida Sérgio Monteiro , Barros Nagyla , Fernandes dos Santos Alisson , Custodio Gislaine , Petterle Ricardo Rasmussen , Nogueira Keite , Nogueira Meri Bordignon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The differential diagnosis between acute bacterial meningitis (BM) and viral meningitis (VM) is crucial for treatment and prognosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate (LA) is considered a good biomarker for differentiating BM from VM. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical performance of amperometry, which is not validated for measurement of LA in CSF samples, with a validated method (enzymatic ultra violet), for their ability to discriminate between acute BM and VM.

Methods
It was a retrospective, descriptive comparative study, 320 CSF reports were included; LA was quantified in CSF using either Dimension AR machine (Dade Behring) or amperometry (RAPID Point 500, Siemens). All samples with bacteria (n=54) or virus (n=139) identified, compared with a control with normal CSF (n=127).

Results
CSF LA levels were comparable for amperometry or enzymatic methods on each group studied, in a wide range of LA levels; it was capable to distinguish BM from VM independent of the method used to quantify.

Conclusions
The findings support the use of the amperometric method in measuring LA concentrations in CSF in a wide range of values. Amperometry is a less expensive method, validated for blood, easily available in small laboratories including in limited resources countries.
Effect of diacylhydrazine as chain extender on microphase separation and performance of energetic polyurethane elastomer
Authors: Gao Yang , Lv Jie , Liu Licheng , Yu Yingfeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is low cost and feasible to improve the mechanical properties of polyurethane by using the chain extender with hydrogen bonding function to improve the degree of microphase separation. In this article, hydrazine hydrate was used to react with ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, respectively, to synthesize diacylhydrazines as the polyurethane chain extender with amide bonds, which were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Polyurethane with different contents of hard segment were prepared from poly-3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane-tetrahydrofuran as the polyol and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate as the isocyanate components. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that with the increase of the hard segment content, the proportion of hydrogen-bonded ordered carbonyl group increased to 94%, proving that diacylhydrazines could improve the degree of ordered hydrogen bonding, which led to clear microphase separation observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and higher storage modulus of the polyurethane. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis showed that polyurethane with higher hard segment content is likely to exhibit multiple thermal transitions caused by microphase separation. When the hard segment content was 40%, compared with polyurethane with 1,4-butanediol as the chain extender, the tensile strengths of polyurethanes with diacylhydrazines also improved by 30% and 76%, respectively.
Full-field tracking and analysis of shrinkage strain during moisture content loss in wood
Authors: Fu Zongying , Weng Xiang , Gao Yufa , Zhou Yongdong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Anisotropic shrinkage is a typically feature in wood, which is of critical importance in wood drying. In this study, the shrinkage strains over each growth ring were determined by a full-field strain measurement system during moisture content (MC) loss. Color maps were used to visualize the full-field distribution of displacement and shrinkage strain under different MC conditions. The variation of tangential and radial shrinkage strain from pith to bark, as well as the anisotropic shrinkage in heartwood and sapwood were studied. Both of the displacement and strain values increased as the MC decreased. From pith to bark, the tangential strains were higher at two poles as compared to the center, showing a parabolic distribution below fiber saturation point. While for radial shrinkage strain, a minor difference was observed except for the MC of 10%. An intersection between tangential and radial shrinkage ratio curve was observed at the MC of 28%. Both expansion and shrinkage in tangential direction were larger than radial counterparts, and the transformation from expansion to shrinkage occurred at the MC region of 32–28%. In addition, the shrinkage in heartwood was larger than sapwood, whereas anisotropic shrinkage in sapwood was more pronounced as compared to heartwood.