bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol: The INTERMAP China Prospective (ICP) study
Authors: Yan Li , Carter Ellison , Fu Yu , Guo Dongshuang , Huang Pinchun , Xie Gaoqiang , Xie Wuxiang , Zhu Yidan , Kelly Frank , Elliott Paul , Zhao Liancheng , Yang Xudong , Ezzati Majid , Wu Yangfeng , Baumgartner Jill , Chan Queenie 
Published: March 2020

Background: Unfavourable blood pressure (BP) level is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while the exact underlying reasons for unfavourable BP are poorly understood. The INTERMAP China Prospective (ICP) Study is a prospective cohort to investigate the relationship of environmental and nutritional risk factors with key indicators of vascular function (BP, arterial stiffness, carotid-intima media thickness) among middle-aged/older men and women. Methods: A total of 839 Chinese participants aged 40-59 years from three diverse regions of China were enrolled in INTERMAP in 1997/98; data collection included repeated BP measurements, 24-hour urine specimens, and 24-hour dietary recalls. In 2015/16, 574 of these 839 persons were re-enrolled along with 208 new participants aged 40-59 years that were randomly selected from the same study villages. Participant’s environmental and dietary exposures and health outcomes were assessed in this open cohort study, including BP, 24-hour dietary recalls, personal exposures to air pollution, grip strength, arterial stiffness, carotid-media thickness and plaques, cognitive function, and sleep patterns. Serum and plasma specimens were collected with 24-hour urine specimens. A follow-up visit has been scheduled for 2020-2021. Discussion: Winter and summer assessments of a comprehensive set of vascular indicators and their environmental and nutritional risk factors were conducted with high precision. We will leverage advances in exposome research to identify biomarkers of exposure to environmental and nutritional risk factors and improve our understanding of the mechanisms and pathways of their hazardous cardiovascular effects. The ICP Study is observational by design, thus subject to several biases including selection bias (e.g., loss to follow-up), information bias (e.g., measurement error), and confounding that we sought to mitigate through our study design and measurements. However, extensive efforts will apply to minimize those limitations (continuous observer training, repeated measurements of BP, standardized methods in data collection and measurements, and on-going quality control).
Public activities preceding the onset of acute respiratory infection syndromes in adults in England - implications for the use of social distancing to control pandemic respiratory infections.
Authors: Hayward Andrew C. , Beale Sarah , Johnson Anne M. , Fragaszy Ellen B. ,   Flu Watch Group
Published: March 2020

Background: Social distancing measures may reduce the spread of emerging respiratory infections however, there is little empirical data on how exposure to crowded places affects risk of acute respiratory infection. Methods: We used a case-crossover design nested in a community cohort to compare self-reported measures of activities during the week before infection onset and baseline periods. The design eliminates the effect of non-time-varying confounders. Time-varying confounders were addressed by exclusion of illnesses around the Christmas period and seasonal adjustment. Results: 626 participants had paired data from the week before 1005 illnesses and the week before baseline. Each additional day of undertaking the following activities in the prior week was associated with illness onset: Spending more than five minutes in a room with someone (other than a household member) who has a cold (Seasonally adjusted OR 1·15, p=0·003); use of underground trains (1·31, p=0·036); use of supermarkets (1·32, p<0·001); attending a theatre, cinema or concert (1·26, p=0·032); eating out at a café, restaurant or canteen (1·25, p=0·003); and attending parties (1·47, p<0·001). Undertaking the following activities at least once in the previous week was associated with illness onset: using a bus, (aOR 1.48, p=0.049), shopping at small shops (1.9, p<0.002) attending a place of worship (1.81, p=0.005). Conclusions: Exposure to potentially crowded places, public transport and to individuals with a cold increases risk of acquiring circulating acute respiratory infections. This suggests social distancing measures can have an important impact on slowing transmission of emerging respiratory infections.
Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E): results from the Flu Watch cohort study
Authors: Aldridge Robert W. , Lewer Dan , Beale Sarah , Johnson Anne M. , Zambon Maria , Hayward Andrew C. , Fragaszy Ellen B. ,   Flu Watch Group
Published: March 2020

Background: There is currently a pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The intensity and duration of this first wave in the UK may be dependent on whether SARS-CoV-2 transmits more effectively in the winter than the summer and the UK Government response is partially built upon the assumption that those infected will develop immunity to reinfection in the short term. In this paper we examine evidence for seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronavirus (HCoV) from a prospective cohort study in England. Methods: In this analysis of the Flu Watch cohort, we examine seasonal trends for PCR-confirmed coronavirus infections (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) in all participants during winter seasons (2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009) and during the first wave of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (May-Sep 2009). We also included data from the pandemic and ‘post-pandemic’ winter seasons (2009-2010 and 2010-2011) to identify individuals with two confirmed HCoV infections and examine evidence for immunity against homologous reinfection. Results: We tested 1,104 swabs taken during respiratory illness and detected HCoV in 199 during the first four seasons. The rate of confirmed HCoV infection across all seasons was 390 (95% CI 338-448) per 100,000 person-weeks; highest in the Nov-Mar 2008/9 season at 674 (95%CI 537-835). The highest rate was in February at 759 (95% CI 580-975). Data collected during May-Sep 2009 showed there was small amounts of ongoing transmission, with four cases detected during this period. Eight participants had two confirmed infections, of which none had the same strain twice. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that HCoV infection in England is most intense in winter, but that there is a small amount of ongoing transmission during summer periods. We found some evidence of immunity against homologous reinfection.
Psychogenic and behavior risks in postoperative period in maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Semenov D. M. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Maxillofacial trauma is one of the most relevant surgical issues in modern urban society. The issues of correction of post-traumatic pain and functional disorders, as well as prevention of psychological and behavioral violations in maxillofacial surgery patients creates specific interdisciplinary surgical and psychological problem. Aim – to systematize psychological and behavioral violations caused by stress associated with maxillofacial trauma and to evaluate its impact on postoperative treatment. Materials and methods. The study conducted in a prospective design during 2016-2018. 120 patients with maxillofacial area fractures, undergoing reconstructive surgery at City Clinical Hospital of Emergency and Rapid Care (Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine) were examined. Results. Predictors, psychological manifestations and influence on the in- and outpatient stages of the postoperative period of mixed negative emotional reactions on TAS; psychomotor reactions on TAS; somato-functional reactions on TAS; dental response on TAS; behavioral reactions on TAS; psychosensory reactions on TAS, personality reactions to changes in self-perception; personality reactions to social dysfunction; personality reactions to the violation of family status; personality reactions to communicative disorders; personality reactions to quality of life decrease; personality reactions to general condition violations; personality reactions to existential distress are described. Conclusions. Psychological and behavioral violations caused by stress associated with maxillofacial trauma are systematized, 6 main components of trauma-associated psychosocial maladaptation and 7 main components of defect-associated psychosocial maladaptation are described.
Trends in Fatalities in Motorcycle Accidents in Great Britain With Reference to the Studies by Hugh Cairns
Authors: Evans Vaughan Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Hugh Cairns, a neurosurgeon practising in Oxford, noted in a 1941 report the high number of deaths in motorcycle accidents, and advocated the use of helmets. Objective: to review road traffic accident fatality data to assess how the risk of death in a motorcycle accident has changed, or not changed, since the publication of Cairns’ findings.Material and Methods: analyses of road traffic accident data for Great Britain (1950–2017).Results and Discussion: in modern times, the risk of fatality for a motorcycle rider is around fifty times greater than that for a car driver, per mile travelled. Although the wearing of a helmet became mandatory in Great Britain in 1973, motorcyclist fatalities increased in the following years, against a background of falling all-road-user fatalities. Fatalities, however, declined markedly after restrictions were placed on novice riders in the early 1980s.Conclusions: a motorcyclist remains essentially as vulnerable as one was in the 1940s, aside from the reduced risk of head injury, and death from head injury, afforded by use of a helmet. On most modern motorcycles, in contrast to modern motor cars, there is no restraint system, nor impact energy-absorbing vehicular structure. The implementation of restrictions on novice rider led to a greater fatality rate reduction than had the enactment of the requirement to wear a helmet a decade earlier.
Silver Against the Coronavirus Epidemic = Серебро против эпидемии коронавирусов
Authors: Zhukov Аnatoliy , Zukow Walery 
Published: March 2020

All over the world, research is currently underway aimed at finding the means of treatment and prevention of Covid-19 coronavirus disease . In such a situation, any new or long-known idea may be valuable.The purpose of this article is to draw the attention of medical science to the use of drugs based on silver compounds.One of the authors of the article is not a doctor, but as an experienced chemist, he has been developing and privately using silver compounds for the treatment of close relatives and friends for many years.Based on the foregoing, we consider it possible to offer for research treatment with silver inhalation with or without additional exposure to ultrasound (sound) and / or electrophoresis. We will offer interested organizations the composition of an ionic silver solution, which allows varying concentrations over a wide range. Mentioned composition is characterized by low cost and high stability over time. Во всём мире сейчас интенсивно ведутся исследования, направленные на поиск средств лечения и профилактики заболевания коронавирусом Covid-19. В такой ситуации может оказаться ценной любая новая или давно известная идея.Целью данной статьи является привлечение внимания медицинской науки к использованию препаратов на основе соединений серебра.Один из авторов статьи не является медиком, но как опытный химик, много лет занимался разработкой и приватным применением серебряных составов для лечения близких родственников и друзей.Исходя из перечисленного, считаем возможным предложить для проведения исследований лечение ингаляцией серебра с дополнительным воздействием, или без него, ультразвука (звука) и/или электрофореза.Заинтересованным организациям предложим состав раствора ионного серебра, позволяющего варьировать концентрации в широких пределах. Упомянутый состав отличается низкой стоимостью и высокой стабильностью во времени. Key words: epidemic; pandemic; treatment of coronavirus complications; coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; silver compounds; inhalation; electrophoresis; ultrasound. Ключевые слова: эпидемия; пандемия; лечение осложнений коронавируса; coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; соединения серебра; ингаляция; электрофорез; ультразвук.
Workload of nurses working in the operating theatre
Authors: Tomaszewska Katarzyna , Majchrowicz Bożena , Hejsak Grażyna 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: An operating theatre is a place where life-saving treatments are often performed. Nurses working in this place must not only be competent in terms of knowledge and skills, but strong physically and mentally. The article deals with the problem of workload of perioperative and anesthetist nurses.Aim of the study: comparison of workload of perioperative and anesthetist nurses working in the operating theatre.Material and methods: The research group consisted of 207 perioperative and anesthetist nurses employed in the operating theatres of hospitals in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the first half of 2019. The research method was a diagnostic survey conducted by means of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS programme and all the relationships are statistically significant when p≤0.05.Results and conclusions: Research has shown that nurses working in the operating theatre experience stress during work in the operating theatre due to responsibility for the patient and exposure to occupational exposure, contact with chemical agents and skeletal load.
Asmaball is an alternative sport games for asthmatics of senior high school
Authors: Wibowo Antonius Tri , Kushartanti B.M. Wara , Iwandana Dody Tri 
Published: March 2020

The main aims of this study are to create a modified soccer games for Atsmatic highschool students. The modified game hopefully can be an alternative way for sport teacher to teach soccer for Asthmatic students and make the student interested in playing it. This study was research and development type by adapting Borg & Gall’s (1983: 775) procedur of R&D research as follows: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) first draft product development, (4) expert validation and revision, (5) small scale product testing and revision, (6) large scale product testing and revision, and (7) final product development. Small scale product testing was done in Kolese Debritto Highschool, with 26 asthmatic students, class X and XI. The results of the study is a modul of modified soccer for asthmatic Highschool Students. From the expert judgement, it can be seen that the modified soccer game is good and effective for atsmatic students who want to play soccer and can be used as theraphy. The modified game can be an alternative way for sport teacher to teach soccer for asthmatic students and make the student interested in playing it.Keywords: Soccer, Asthma
Miniaturized precalibration-based Lissajous scanning fiber probe for high speed endoscopic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wu Tong , Zhang Lei , Wang Jiming , Huo Wenqi , Lu Yuangang , He Chongjun , Liu Youwen 
Published: March 2020

We present a miniaturized precalibration-based forward-viewing Lissajous scanning fiber probe for high speed endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). The probe is based on an asymmetric fiber cantilever driven by the piezoelectric bender to realize two-dimensional (2D) Lissajous scanning. The stability and repeatability of the Lissajous scanning trajectory of the probe is tested by a position sensitive detector (PSD)-based position calibration setup. The two orthogonal resonant frequencies of the cantilever are measured to be 167.2 and 121 Hz. A 25 µm focal spot is formed at the working distance of 5 mm by the graded-index (GRIN) lens, and the field of view of the imaging probe is around

1.5

m
m

×

1.5

m
m

. The probe is fully packaged in a hypodermic tube for endoscopic imaging. The total rigid length and outer diameter are 35 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively. The probe is incorporated in a 50 KHz swept source OCT system with the axial resolution of 14 µm, and its imaging performance is validated by the 2D en face and 3D volumetric OCT imaging of the phantom and the biological tissue.
Bleaching of photodarkening in Tm-doped silica fiber with deuterium loading
Authors: Liu Yin-Zi , Xing Ying-Bin , Lin Xian-Feng , Chen Gui , Shi Chan-Juan , Peng Jing-Gang , Li Hai-Qing , Dai Neng-Li , Li Jin-Yan 
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate the rapid photodarkening (PD) phenomenon in Tm-doped fiber (TDF) core pumped by a laser at 1080 nm and the bleaching effect of deuterium (

D

2

) on PD TDF. By

D

2

loading for seven days, the PD-induced excess loss (PIEL) in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) region have been largely eliminated, and no degradation was observed within 30 days. PD resistance of the

D

2

pretreated TDF has been investigated as well. The formation of color centers based on defects and precursors in the silica matrix and the mechanism of

D

2

bleaching are discussed.
Dynamic Airy imaging through high-efficiency broadband phase microelements by femtosecond laser direct writing
Authors: Cai Ze , Qi Xinbo , Pan Deng , Ji Shengyun , Ni Jincheng , Lao Zhaoxin , Xin Chen , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru 
Published: March 2020

Manipulating Airy beams to symmetric Airy beams (SABs) with abruptly autofocusing and self-accelerating properties has attracted much attention. With such a particular propagation dynamic, SABs may provide great potential in dynamic signal imaging. On the other hand, the generation of SABs by spatial light modulators suffers from the limitations of phase gradient accuracy, low optical efficiency (

<
40
%

), and a bulky footprint. Therefore, exploring imaging applications and optimal generation methods of these Airy-type beams deserves further research. Here, based on the coordinate transformation of SAB, an asymmetric Airy beam (AAB) is realized. Symmetric/asymmetric cubic phase microplates (SCPPs/ACPPs) are designed and fabricated for generating SAB/AAB. The SCPP/ACPP demonstrates superior performance: compact construction (

60

μm
×
60

μm
×
1.1

μm

), continuous variation of phase, high efficiency (

∼
81
%

at 532 nm), and broadband operation from 405 to 780 nm. Dynamic imaging under monochromatic and polychromatic lights is realized by the SAB/AAB, indicating various results at different propagation distances with a certain initial signal. Further investigation reveals that the SCPP on a soft substrate maintains its physical dimensions and optical properties unchanged during stretching. Our work enables wide potential applications in integrated optics, beam manipulation, and imaging.
TAXA DE INFILTRAÇÃO DA ÁGUA E RESISTÊNCIA MECÂNICA À PENETRAÇÃO EM SOLOS SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES USOS NA REGIÃO DA SERRA DE SUDESTE/RS
Authors: Flach Cláudia Werner , Corrêa Alves Edvania Aparecida , Meurer Mauricio 
Published: March 2020

Muitas áreas brasileiras, com grande diversidade de atributos físicos, não possuem estudos pedológicos em escalas detalhadas, o que tem dificultado a avaliação dos impactos de determinados usos da terra nas condições físicas dos solos. Assim torna-se importante desenvolver trabalhos que reforcem a necessidade de manter a qualidade do solo, visto que o manejo inadequado pode afetar as propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo. Com o objetivo de avaliar alguns indicadores da qualidade física de solos submetidos a diferentes usos da terra na Serra de Sudeste (Pelotas e Canguçu/RS), foram realizados testes de infiltração e resistência mecânica à penetração (RMP), além da caracterização de atributos morfológicos e físicos de perfis de solos. As áreas florestais e campestres apresentaram menor RMP em relação às demais. As áreas de pastagens apresentaram os menores volumes de infiltração acumulada e os maiores de RMP, sendo tal resultado reflexo provável da compactação pelo pisoteio animal. O intenso uso da terra, com poucas técnicas de manejo e conservação do solo, associado às limitações naturais dos solos e as declividades acentuadas atuam como condicionantes para a alteração das condições físicas dos solos e o desencadeamento de processos erosivos em áreas presentes na Serra de Sudeste.
METODE PENGASUHAN ANAK PASANGAN PERNIKAHAN DINI (STUDI KASUS TIGA KELUARGA PERNIKAHAN DINI DI KECAMATAN PONJONG KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA)
Authors: Rofingah Siti 
Published: March 2020

Abstract This research was conducted with the aim of describing the childcare methods carried out by three early marriage families in Ponjong District, Gunungkidul Regency. The background of this research is the existence of government policy in Law Number 1 of 1974 article 7 paragraph (1) concerning Marriage which explains the minimum age limit for marriage so that the benefit of the household is achieved, but the phenomenon of early marriage is still happening in the District of Ponjong Regency Gunungkidul, even able to maintain the household and be able to carry out childcare duties at a young age if reviewed psychologically immature mentally, emotionally, psychologically and physically. This type of research is a qualitative research with a type of case study research (field research). Determination of informants by purposive sampling. The subjects of this study were three families of early marriage, children of early marriage partners (if they were able to provide information) and the Young Clerk of the Wonosari Religious Court Law. Then, the object of research is the method of parenting early marriage partners. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. While the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion making. The results showed that the methods carried out by early marriage couples included exemplary education methods, methods through habituation, education methods through advice and dialogue, as well as education methods through the awarding and punishment. The three early marriage families apply a number of collaborative methods for parenting. Keywords: childcare methods, early marriage.
MAKNA SELF-ACCEPTANCE DALAM ISLAM (ANALISIS FENOMENOLOGI SOSOK IBU DALAM KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI D.I YOGYAKARTA)
Authors: Pahlewi Reza Mina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aims to uncover the meaning of Self-Acceptance of mothers who live below the poverty line. With informants 10 mothers living below the poverty line in the province of D.I Yogyakarta, this study is a qualitative-phenomenological. Data was collected through FGD and interviews and analyzed inductively. The results showed that mothers living below the poverty line in the province of D.I Yogyakarta had different definitions of Self-Acceptance. Even so, they have a common concept in accepting the life they have to live in, that is patience. Patience is part of Self-Acceptance and at this point, there is a common perception in living life below the poverty line. Keywords: self-acceptance, phenomenological analysis, mothers, poverty.