bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐perception of assisting with future injection drug initiation: The influence of relationships in the process of drug injecting initiation
Authors: Bloom Brittnie E. , Jain Sonia , Sun Xiaoying , Garfein Richard S. , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Milloy M‐J , Hayashi Kanna , DeBeck Kora , Bluthenthal Ricky , Werb Dan , Rafful Claudia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPeople who inject drugs (PWID) play critical roles in assisting others into injection drug use (IDU) initiation. Understanding perceptions of PWID's risk of initiating others is needed to inform interventions for prevention. The objective was to examine factors associated with self‐perception of assisting with future IDU initiation events. The primary variables of interest are the relationships of PWID with the person(s) they assisted and their reasons for previously providing initiation assistance.Design and MethodsData from Preventing Injecting by Modifying Existing Responses, a multi‐site prospective community‐recruited cohort study, were analysed. Analyses were restricted to PWID who reported ever providing IDU initiation assistance. Site‐specific (Vancouver, Canada [n = 746]; San Diego, USA [n = 95] and Tijuana, Mexico [n = 92]) multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with self‐perception of assisting with future IDU initiation.ResultsHaving provided IDU initiation assistance to a family member or intimate partner decreased the odds of self‐perception of assisting with future IDU initiation in Vancouver (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.8); however, previous IDU initiation assistance to an ‘other’ increased the odds of self‐perception of assisting with future IDU in Tijuana (AOR = 12.0; 95% CI 2.1–70.3). Daily IDU (Vancouver: AOR = 3.7; 95% CI 2.1–6.4) and less than daily IDU (San Diego: AOR = 5.9; 95% CI 1.3–27.1) (Vancouver: AOR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.4–2.9) were associated with increased self‐perception of assisting with future IDU compared to current non‐injectors.Discussion and ConclusionsRelationship to past initiates and IDU frequency might increase PWID's self‐perception of assisting with future IDU. Interventions focused on social support and reducing IDU frequency may decrease occurrences of IDU initiation assistance.
Effect of corrosion on the fatigue behaviour of butt welds of G20Mn5QT cast steel and Q345D hot rolled steel in 3.5‐wt% NaCl solution
Authors: Han Qinghua , Wang Xin , Lu Yan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCorrosion fatigue experiments are carried out on butt welds of G20Mn5QT cast steel and Q345D hot rolled steel in simulated seawater. The cyclic stress versus number of cycles to failure (S‐N) curve was fitted. The mechanism of crack nucleation at different fracture locations and at different stress levels is analysed. The results show that compared with the S‐N curve of laboratory air, for the S‐N curve of simulated seawater, the number of fatigue failure cycles is significantly reduced when the maximum cyclic stress is less than 190 MPa. At higher stress levels, stress concentrations caused by internal defects near the surface of the weld zone and the heat‐affected zone of G20Mn5QT cast steel cause crack nucleation. At lower stress levels, the main reason for crack nucleation is the stress concentration caused by corrosion pitting. However, there are no obvious internal defects in the heat‐affected zone of the Q345D steel, and corrosion pitting is the main cause of crack nucleation. The stress concentrations caused by pitting lead to crack nucleation.
Unravelling material/digital shopping space: An assemblage approach
Authors: Rao Fujie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I propose a new retail typology to explore emerging shopping space through the lens of assemblage thinking. The recent rise of online retailing has stimulated substantial net‐closures of brick‐and‐mortar shops—what some call the “retail apocalypse". While being widely covered by the news media, the impact of online retailing on shopping space receives little attention in existing research. There is, in particular, a lack of a retail typology that regards online retailing as a form of shopping space. The current four primary typologies of scale, retail offer, control, and morphology are biased towards material shopping centres (agglomeration of shops). In an attempt to tackle this issue, I introduce Deleuzian assemblage theory. Assemblage prioritises interrelation, transformation, and difference, and suggests that both the virtual and actual are real and they can morph into a whole. In light of assemblage, I redefine a retail type as a “diagram” depicting how some shopping spaces work in general while still being geared to the particularity of each instance, and I focus on the “interface” between people and shops. This diagrammatic typology of interface could thus be adapted to emergent and diversified material, digital, and material/digital shopping spaces.
Geographies of purpose built student accommodation: Exclusivity, precarity and (im)mobility
Authors: Reynolds Alice 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurpose Built Student Accommodation is increasingly dominating the urban landscapes of university locations. Yet a focus on student accommodation beyond “studentification” remains under‐researched and under‐analysed in geography and housing studies. Drawing upon pre‐existing studies and new insights from the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, this paper provides an analysis of the contemporary student accommodation sector and the distinct geographies this creates. The paper argues that the neoliberalisation of the student accommodation sector has (re)produced three distinct outcomes: exclusivity, precarity, and (im)mobility, themes of increasing attention within geography and beyond. In concluding, the paper argues that student accommodation is a key vector in which inequalities produced by neoliberalism are articulated and displayed, reflective of a wider global trend.
Evidence‐practice gaps in P2Y12 inhibitor use after hospitalisation for acute myocardial infarction: findings from a new population‐level data linkage in Australia
Authors: Falster Michael O. , Schaffer Andrea L. , Wilson Andrew , Nasis Arthur , Jorm Louisa R. , Hay Melanie , Leeb Kira , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Brieger David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundP2Y12 inhibitor therapy is recommended for 12 months in patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) unless the bleeding risk is high.AimsTo describe real‐world use of P2Y12 inhibitor therapy following AMI hospitalisation.MethodsWe used population‐level linked hospital data to identify all patients discharged from a public hospital with a primary diagnosis of AMI between July 2011 and June 2013 in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. We used dispensing claims to examine dispensing of a P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor) within 30 days of discharge and multilevel models to identify predictors of post‐discharge dispensing and persistence of therapy to 1 year.ResultsWe identified 31 848 patients hospitalised for AMI, of whom 56.8% were dispensed a P2Y12 inhibitor within 30 days of discharge. The proportion of patients with post‐discharge dispensing varied between hospitals (interquartile range: 25.0–56.5%), and significant between‐hospital variation remained after adjusting for patient characteristics. Patient factors associated with the lowest likelihood of post‐discharge dispensing were: having undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (odds ratio (OR): 0.17; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.15–0.20); having oral anticoagulants dispensed 180 days before or 30 days after discharge (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.35–0.44); major bleeding (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61–0.76); or being aged ≥85 years (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.62–0.75). A total of 26.8% of patients who were dispensed a P2Y12 inhibitor post‐discharge discontinued therapy within 1 year.ConclusionPost‐hospitalisation use of P2Y12 inhibitor therapy in AMI patients is low and varies substantially by hospital of discharge. Our findings suggest strategies addressing both health system (hospital and physician) and patient factors are needed to close this evidence‐practice gap.
Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection after intertrochanteric fracture surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Kuo , Zhang Junzhe , Li Junyong , Meng Hongyu , Wang Zhongzheng , Zhu Yanbin , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurgical site infection (SSI) is a challenging complication after intertrochanteric fracture surgery but without a large‐sample size study to investigate the incidence and risk factors of it. The present study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of SSI after intertrochanteric fracture surgery. A total of 1941 patients underwent intertrochanteric fracture surgery between October 2014 and December 2018 were included. Demographic data, surgical variables, and preoperative laboratory indexes were obtained from a prospective database and reviewed by hospital records. The optimum cut‐off value for quantitative data was detected by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The univariate analysis and multivariable analysis were conducted to analyse the risk factors. In total, 25 patients (1.3%) developed SSI, including 22(1.1%) superficial infection and 3(0.2%) deep infection. After adjustment of multiple variables, gender (odds ratio[OR] 2.64, P = .024), time to surgery>4 days (OR 2.41, P = .046), implant (intramedullary or extramedullary devices) (OR 2.96, P = .036), ALB<35 g/L (OR 2.88, P = .031) remained significant factors. In conclusion, the incidence of SSI after intertrochanteric fractures surgery was 1.3%, with 1.1% for superficial and 0.2% for deep infection. Gender, time to surgery>4 days, the implant (intramedullary or extramedullary devices), and ALB<35 g/L were independent risk factors for the rate of SSI.
The effect of continuous diffusion of oxygen treatment on cytokines, perfusion, bacterial load, and healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Lavery Lawrence A. , Killeen Amanda L. , Farrar David , Akgul Yucel , Crisologo Peter A. , Malone Matthew , Davis Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo evaluate continuous diffusion of oxygen therapy (CDO) on cytokines, perfusion, and bacterial load in diabetic foot ulcers we evaluated 23 patients for 3 weeks. Tissues biopsies were obtained at each visit to evaluate cytokines and quantitative bacterial cultures. Perfusion was measured with hyperspectral imaging and transcutaneous oxygen. We used paired T tests to compare continuous variables and independent T tests to compare healers and nonhealers. There was an increase from baseline to week 1 in TGF‐β (P = .008), TNF‐α (P = .014), VEGF (P = .008), PDGF (P = .087), and IGF‐1 (P = .058); baseline to week 2 in TGF‐β (P = .010), VEGF (P = .051), and IL‐6 (P = .031); and baseline to week 3 with TGF‐β (P = .055) and IL‐6 (P = .054). There was a significant increase in transcutaneous oxygen after 1 week of treatment on both medial and lateral foot (P = .086 and .025). Fifty‐three percent of the patients had at least a 50% wound area reduction (healers). At baseline, there were no differences in cytokines between healers and nonhealers. However, there was an increase in CXCL8 after 1 week of treatment (P = .080) and IL‐6 after 3 weeks of treatment in nonhealers (P = .099). There were no differences in quantitative cultures in healers and nonhealers.
Heal or no heel: Outcomes of ischaemic heel ulcers following lower limb revascularization from a multi‐ethnic Asian Cohort in Singapore
Authors: Linn Yun Le , Chan Sze Ling , Soon Shereen Xue Yun , Yap Charyl Jia Qi , Lim Mervin Nathan Han Hui , Lee Qing Wei Shaun , Chong Tze Tec , Tang Tjun Yip 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIschaemic diabetic heel ulcers are difficult to treat and prognosis is often guarded. The aim was to document our outcome of treating heel ulcers following revascularization in a predominantly diabetic Asian cohort presenting with chronic limb threatening ischaemia from Singapore. Retrospective cohort study (n = 66, 66 limbs) over a 5‐year period. Data were collected from hospital electronic health records. Outcomes included time to healing, amputation free survival (AFS), and mortality. Minimum follow‐up period was 6 months. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to look for factors associated with poor outcome. Mean age was 67.4 ± 8.8 years. 62/66 (93.9%) were diabetics. Mean wound size at presentation was 3.6 ± 2.3 cm. Mean Wound, Ischaemia, Foot Infection (WIFI) score was 5 ± 1.6. 12/66 (18%) patients had a patent posterior tibial artery pre‐operatively. Straight line flow was restored in only 31/66 (46.9) patients but 47/66 (71.2%) had successful limb salvage. Median time to wound healing was 90.0 (IQR 60‐180) days. A median of 1 (IQR 0‐2) wound debridement was required. Patients who underwent negative pressure dressing (23/66; 34.8%) required a median of 26 (IQR 13‐33) cycles to achieve healing. Amputation free survival (AFS) was 72% and 68% at 6‐ and 12‐months, respectively. Mortality rate was 16.7% and 19.7% at 6‐ and 12‐months, respectively. Low albumin level and initial Rutherford class were independent predictors of worse 6‐month AFS. Outcomes of heel ulcers post revascularisation may not be as poor as previously described. Persistent attention to wound care with multidisciplinary effort is needed for optimal healing.
Physiological response and earliness of soybean genotypes to soil base saturation conditions
Authors: Alves de Andrade Cristiane , Ramsdorf Gomes Patinni Isabela , de Andrea Pantaleão Ariane , Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro Larissa , Naudi Silva Campos Cid , Pereira de Souza Jonas , de Mello Prado Renato , Antonio da Silva Junior Carlos , Eduardo Teodoro Paulo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLow base saturation (V) is one of the major abiotic stresses in the Brazilian Cerrado. Given this scenario, it is important to evaluate different physiological responses of genotypes in environments with and without liming aiming at select both liming responsive and low‐saturation tolerant genotypes. The hypothesis of this study is that contrasting V conditions provide changes in physiological performance of soybean genotypes. Thus, our objective was to select soybean genotypes in environments with recommended and low V. Two field experiments were carried in randomized block design with three replicates and 10 F3 soybean genotypes (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9 and P10). In the first experiment, genotypes were evaluated without V correction (V = 30%), while in the second experiment, a liming was performed three months before to raise V to 60%. The traits evaluated were as follows: calcium and magnesium contents, days for maturation, transpiration, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration. Our findings indicate that the physiological performance of soybean genotypes depends on the saturation condition. The P9 genotype obtained the best physiological performance under recommended V and can be used to obtain F3:4 lines physiologically responsive to soil correction. The P5 genotype obtained the best physiological performance at low V and can be used to obtain F3:4 lines aiming at a higher tolerance to low saturation. Considering that the Brazilian soils, especially in the Cerrado, are mostly poorly fertile, our study provide crucial information for soybean breeding programmes aiming at selecting genotypes tolerant to limiting environmental conditions.
Environmental factors associated with biological use and surgery in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: van der Sloot Kimberley W J , Geertsema Paul , Rijkmans Hanneke C , Voskuil Michiel D , van Dullemen Hendrik M , Visschedijk Marijn C , Festen Eleonora A M , Weersma Rinse K , Alizadeh Behrooz Z , Dijkstra Gerard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimWhile major efforts were made studying the complex etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including environmental factors, less is known about underlying causes leading to the heterogeneous and highly variable course of disease. As cigarette smoking cessation is the best‐known environmental factor with beneficial effect in Crohn's disease (CD), more exposome factors are likely involved. Further insights into the role of the exposome in heterogeneity of disease might not only further knowledge of underlying pathways, but also allow for better risk stratification.MethodsSeven hundred twenty‐eight IBD patients completed the validated Groningen IBD Environmental Questionnaire, collecting exposome data for 93 exposome factors. Associations with disease course, that is, for need for surgery or biological therapy, were evaluated using univariate and multivariate‐adjusted logistic regression modeling.ResultsNo significant associations were seen after Bonferroni correction. However, 11 novel exposome factors were identified with P < 0.05. Two factors were associated with course of CD and ulcerative colitis (UC): beer (CD OR0.3/UC OR0.3) and cannabis (0.5/2.2). While in CD, carpet flooring (0.5) was associated with biological use, and four factors were associated with surgery: working shifts (1.8), appendectomy (2.4), frequent tooth brushing (2.8), and large household size (0.1). For UC, migrants more often required biologicals (10.2). Childhood underweight (3.4), amphetamine use (6.2), and cocaine use (4.8) were associated with surgery. Five factors were replicated.ConclusionsWe identified 16 environmental factors nominally associated with biological use and surgery in established IBD. These new insights form an important stepping stone to guide research on biological pathways involved, risk stratification, tailor‐made interventions, and preventive strategies in IBD.
Vitamin D receptor is overexpressed in the duodenum of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Miura Ko , Oshima Tadayuki , Ito Chiyomi , Horikawa Tomoki , Yamada Mayumi , Tomita Toshihiko , Fukui Hirokazu , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, and bile acids are thought to be associated with the pathogenesis of IBS. Bile acid receptors are expressed on intestinal epithelial cells. However, no study has assessed bile acid receptor proteins in IBS. Therefore, we examined the intestinal mucosal expression of bile acid receptors in patients with IBS.MethodsIntestinal biopsies were performed in patients with IBS and controls. Mast cells, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and somatostatin were stained with specific antibodies. Levels of VDR, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), takeda‐G‐protein‐receptor‐5 (TGR5), claudins, and transient‐receptor‐potential‐cation‐channel‐subfamily‐V‐member 6 (TRPV6) were assessed by western blotting.ResultsMast cell counts in the second part of the duodenum were significantly higher in patients with IBS than in controls. VDR protein levels were significantly elevated in the duodenum and terminal ileum of patients with IBS compared with controls, although this difference was not seen in the cecum or rectum. FXR and TGR5 protein levels did not differ in any part of the intestine. VDR‐positive cryptal epithelia in IBS were distributed not only at basal crypt but also along the upper part of the basal crypt epithelial cells. In contrast, the pattern of gut somatostatin‐positive cells, claudins, and TRPV6 levels did not differ.ConclusionsThe number of mast cells in the duodenum was significantly increased, and the protein expression levels of VDR, but not those of FXR or TGR5, were elevated in the duodenal epithelial crypt in patients with IBS.
Epidemiology of pregnancy‐associated pulmonary embolism in South Asian multi‐ethnic country: Mortality trends over the last four decades
Authors: Tan Thiam Chye , Goh Cheryl Ming Ying , Tan Sophie Seine Xuan , Tan Lay Kok , Yang Yong , Lee Lai Heng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the cumulative incidence, time of occurrence and risk factors of pregnancy‐associated pulmonary embolism (PE) in Singapore, and to review the maternal mortality ratio of PE over the last four decades.Study design and settingIn this retrospective epidemiology review, women with pregnancy‐associated PE were identified via International Classification of Diseases codes and included if they had been objectively diagnosed on imaging with PE during pregnancy or within 6 weeks postpartum from 2004 to 2016 at KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH) and Singapore General Hospital (SGH) in Singapore. The medical records were reviewed and the time of occurrence of confirmed PE cases and risk factors for PE were noted.ResultsThere were 18 PE cases out of 174 708 deliveries, of which two were fatal, giving a cumulative incidence of PE at 1.03 per 10 000 deliveries and a mortality rate of 11.1%. The maternal mortality ratio is 1.14 per 100 000 deliveries, the lowest compared to that of the previous three decades (2.5–4.9 per 100 000 deliveries). Majority of PE (66.7%) occurred during the first 2 weeks postpartum. Cumulative incidence of postpartum PE was four times more in caesarean section compared to vaginal delivery at 1.58 per 10 000 deliveries and 0.40 per 10 000 deliveries, respectively.ConclusionAlthough the cumulative incidence of pregnancy‐associated PE in Singapore is low, it is comparable to the United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US). Risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis have decreased PE mortality significantly during this period.
Supplementation of citric acid in plant protein‐based diets for juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum
Authors: Nascimento Marcelo dos S. , de Mattos Bruno O. , Bussons Márcia R. F. M. , de Oliveira Adriano T. , Liebl Ariany R. da S. , Carvalho Thaís B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe evaluated citric acid supplementation (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg) in plant protein‐based diets for juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. In Experiment 1, fish (n = 160; 27.56 ± 2.73 g) were distributed in 310 L tanks (n = 16) for 80 days. Zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and mineral composition (muscle and bones) did not differ significantly (p > .05). The inclusion of citric acid‐reduced pH of diets (p = .001) and stomach (p = .035). In Experiment 2, fish (n = 60; 48.00 ± 1.98 g) were distributed in fecal collection aquaria (200 L) for 21 days. The following were observed: a linear effect for the crude protein (p = .0004) and crude fat (p = .0037) digestibility coefficients; a quadratic effect for crude energy (p = .0037) and dry matter (p = .0004); an optimal supplementation level of 18.5 g/kg. Calcium (p = .0060) and magnesium (p = .0222) showed a linear effect, while phosphorus (p = .0001) had a quadratic effect with the 20 g/kg optimum supplementation level. To conclude, the supplementation of this organic acid in diets does not negatively affect fish nutritional status, health or welfare, and increases nutrient and mineral availability.