SAT-142 Periodic Cushing Syndrome in a Patient with an Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET). A Novel Case Report
Authors: Papadopoulou-Marketou Nektaria , Typhoxylou Ern , Kounadi Th , George Piaditis , Chrousos George P , Kaltsas Grigorios , Linos Dimitrios 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction A major diagnostic enigma regarding ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome is the distinction between the source of ACTH, which may have either a pituitary or ectopic origin. We present the first described patient with cyclic Cushing syndrome caused by an intestinal neuroendocrine tumour (NET) detected by 68GA-DOTATATE PET-CT, despite functional tests that were indicative of pituitary Cushing disease. Clinical Case A 53-year old man was admitted to outpatient clinic because of muscle weakness. His phenotype and clinical findings (progressively worsening upper and lower limb weakness, emotional disturbances, easy bruising, a Buffalo hump, prediabetes and leucocytosis) led to the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. Initial laboratory tests established the diagnosis with an abnormal diurnal cortisol and ACTH secretion (night cortisol F: 22.1μg / dl), absence of suppression with dexamethasone 1mg and increased free urinary free cortisol 24h (243.5μg /24h). Abdominal CT scanning revealed a left-sided adrenal adrenocortical adenoma 1.5 mm in max diameter. Pituitary MRI and somatostatin scintigraphy were normal. Low dexamethasone suppression test was indicative of Cushing (F: 14μg / dl) followed by a combined CRH stimulation test during bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Pituitary / peripheral ACTH ratio pre-infusion of CRH and 3 min after CRH infusion was compatible with right-sided pituitary origin of ACTH hypersecretion. Pending the results of the laboratory, the patient showed a remission of his symptoms along with a laboratory-confirmed recession of active hypercortisolaemia (LDDST test), and this led to the suspicion of periodic Cushing syndrome. The patient was followed with clinical and laboratory examinations weekly, with recurrence of symptoms 2 months later followed by a new remission 3 months later. A PETGA CT SCAN with 68GA-HA-DOTATATE was performed, which showed an increased uptake of the radioisotope in the small intestine. A surgical excision of the affected small bowel region was performed according to the guidelines for intestinal NETs. Histology confirmed the existence of a well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm of the small intestine of 1.1 cm diameter, grade 1 (WHO 2010). Immunophenotype was positive for serotonin and ACTH. Postoperatively, the patient showed a complete remission of symptomatology and regression of hypercortisolaemia over a 18-month period. Follow-up abdominal MRI and 68GA-HA-DOTATATE revealed no pathological findings. Conclusion: Our patient is the first case of ectopic Cushing disease caused by intestinal NET. The differential diagnosis between pituitary and ectopic Cushing syndrome due to ACTH or CRH hypersecretion is not easy and frequently complicated by the periodicity of the disease. In patients with no visible pituitary lesions on MRI we suggest further investigation for ectopic ACTH- driven Cushing syndrome.