bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated image reconstruction by a combined dual-matrix dual-voxel approach
Authors: Goorden Marlies C , Kamphuis Chris , Ramakers Ruud M , Beekman Freek J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Today, versatile emission computed tomography (VECTor) technology using dedicated high-energy collimation enables simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) down to 0.6 mm and 0.4 mm resolution in mice, respectively. We recently showed that for optimal resolution and quantitative accuracy of PET images the long tails of the 511 keV point spread functions (PSFs) need to be fully modelled during image reconstruction. This, however, leads to very time consuming reconstructions and thus significant acceleration in reconstruction speed is highly desirable. To this end we propose and validate a combined dual-matrix dual-voxel (DM-DV) approach: for the forward projection the slowly varying PSF tails are modelled on a three times rougher voxel grid than the central parts of the PSFs, while in the backprojection only parts of the PSF tails are included. DM-DV reconstruction is implemented in pixel-based ordered subsets expectation maximization (POSEM) and in a recently proposed accelerated pixel-based similarity-regulated ordered subsets expectation maximization (SROSEM). Both a visual assessment and a quantitative contrast-noise analysis confirm that images of a hot-rod phantom are practically identical when reconstructed with standard POSEM, DM-DV-POSEM or DM-DV-SROSEM. However, compared to POSEM, DM-DV-POSEM can reach the same contrast 5.0 times faster, while with DM-DV-SROSEM this acceleration factor increases to 11.5. Furthermore, mouse cardiac and bone images reconstructed with DM-DV-SROSEM are visually almost indistinguishable from POSEM reconstructed images but typically need an order of magnitude less reconstruction time.
Research on treatment of propylene oxide wastewater with high salt concentration
Authors: Han Shuang , Li Meng , Xiang Wenqi , Guo Nuowei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, experimental study had done in view of the wastewater which discharged from chlorine alkali factory propylene oxide production workshop in Zibo city of Shandong Province. The Pre-oxidation + Biological Contact Oxidation craft has proposed for the epoxy propane production wastewater treatment. In view of the characteristics of this kind of wastewater, the main research contents are three aspects: the discussion of gradually microorganism salinity endurance enhancement, the best test condition of H2O2 oxidation for per-oxidation, and the effect verification test of the Pre-oxidation + Biological Contact Oxidation craft.
Effects of Nanoparticle CeO2 on the Physiology of Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Authors: Liao Zhiqi , Wu Junhui , Chu Huaqiang , Zhang Yalei , Zhou Xuefei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nanoparticle cerium oxide (n-CeO2) has been widely used, recently, its toxicity to the aquatic environment has received increasing attention. This study aimed to explore the effects of n-CeO2 on the physiology of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Results showed that n-CeO2 may inhibited the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and make some influence of chla and protein contents because of the ROS. The activity of SOD and MDA contents also indicated that the high concentration of n-CeO2 may beyond the range of tolerance, which means ROS content may be a key factor in the toxic effects of n-CeO2 on Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Preparation of double-doped Cu, N-nano-TiO2 photocatalyst and photocatalytic inactivation of Escherichia coli in ballast water
Authors: Shi Yue , Wang Yinhao , Lu Zheng , Wang Xixi , Zhang Shun , Wang Gaoshuai , Li Jianing , Zhang Kun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
With more and more international economic exchanges, ship transport becomes more and more frequent, which further increases the exchange capacity of ship ballast water in different sea areas, thus causing more and more serious marine problems of alien microbial invasion. Therefore, in this paper, on the basis of microbial inactivation of ship ballast water treated by uv irradiation, the influencing factors of its catalytic activity were explored by adding photocatalyst TiO2 into the bacterial suspension, That is to change the catalytic activity of titanium dioxide noble metal and other modified substances and doping amount. Firstly, the UV-sterilization was used as a control, and the modified photocatalyst nano-TiO2 was added. It was found that the sterilization rate increased greatly, indicating that the photocatalyst-modified nano-TiO2 has a very strong reinforcing effect on ultraviolet sterilization. Secondly, the photocatalyst itself was changed. It was found that the amount of photocatalyst nano-TiO2 had a great influence on UV sterilization. Within a certain range, the more the photocatalyst nano-TiO2 is, the better the sterilization effect is. Finally, changing the external conditions of the photocatalyst, it was found that the photocatalyst nano-TiO2 had the best activity at higher temperature (33 °C), alkaline (pH=8.5) or neutral (pH=7.5) and long-wave ultraviolet radiation.
Research on Intelligent System Architecture of Urban Domestic Sewage Treatment
Authors: Hao Xiaodong , Li Bin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper studies and constructs an intelligent system of urban domestic sewage treatment, which consists of five modules, namely, 3d visualization simulation module based on data twin, key system operation and maintenance management platform, mobile data management platform; energy management module, security and warning module. The digitalization, networking and intelligence of municipal wastewater treatment have been realized, which improved the management level of urban domestic sewage treatment enterprises and reduced operating costs.
Study on Characteristics of Emissions of Air Pollutants in Ships in the Yangtze River Delta and Countermeasures
Authors: Wang Zheng , Qin Cuihong , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to analyze the characteristics of air pollutant emission in ships in the Yangtze River Delta, this paperestablishes the air pollutant discharge list of ships in the Yangtze River Delta in 2017 based on the dynamic method of AIS data, and analyzes the emission characteristics of air pollutants in ships under different working conditions. The effect of its emission reduction measures and the spatial distribution of annual emissions of air pollutants from ships in the study area. The results showed: Among the atmospheric pollutants emitted by ships in the Yangtze River Delta in 2017, the emissions of SO2, NOx, PM10, HC and CO were 339,900 tons, 527,700 tons, 45,400 tons, 14,500 tons and 34,300 tons respectively. Low-speed navigation has the largest proportion of emissions. The use of shore power for ship berthing is an effective measure to reduce emissions from coastal areas in the region.
Research on Mathematical Model of Environmental Assessment
Authors: Han Yunna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The assessment methods are important contents in environmental quality assessment; each assessment method is based on one mathematical model. Through the analysis of various mathematical models, it is found that the selection of assessment methods in environmental assessment has very important guiding significance. By introducing four types of common mathematical models in current environmental assessment, this paper discusses the principles, features and applicable scope of various models, and briefly describes the application conditions of assessment methods in various models in environmental assessment.
Study on the adsorption property for Cu2+ of Chitosan/Ploy (SSS- HEMA-AA) hydrogel
Authors: Zhou Jiangang , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chitosan hydrogel, as a new type of macromolecule adsorbent material, has dual advantages of gel and various functional groups. It is easy to introduce functional groups which can chelate with heavy metal ions or electrostatic adsorption. It has large specific surface area and fast adsorption rate for heavy metal ions. It has quickly become a research hotspot in separation field. Based on this, the hydrogels of different components were prepared by integrating different proportions of copolymer monomers into chitosan hydrogels. The hydrogels of the same components were separately taken from aqueous solutions with different concentrations of Cu2+ for adsorption experiments. The heavy metal Cu2+ could be adsorbed and captured by a large number of functional groups such as sulfonic group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and amino group in the chemical structure. The effect of the same component on the hydrogel properties was also investigated. The molecular structure and internal morphology of the hydrogel and the effect of the amount of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) on the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ and the amount of glutaraldehyde on the water swelling rate were also investigated. The results show that the chitosan-P (SSS-HEMA-AA) hydrogel has a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure and has a high adsorption and removal efficiency for Cu2+. Its adsorption capacity for Cu2+ increases with the increase of the amount of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) in the preparation process, and the water absorption and swelling rate decreases with the increase of the amount of glutaraldehyde.
Design of Air Purification Device Based on Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Wei Wenqi , Zhao Lida , Jing Zhongxiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to solve the problem that the existing photocatalyst recovery efficiency and photocatalytic efficiency cannot be obtained at the same time, the inner cavity structure of the inner cavity designed according to the Kangda effect has excellent fluid performance, and the light-shielding and breathable structure designed to imitate the louver structure can prevent the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation overflow, the inner surface reflective layer can reduce the waste of light energy. This high-efficiency photocatalytic air purification device has been designed, the overall structure is simple and efficient, and easy to clean and maintain. The whole is small and compact, and the placement is not limited, adapt to a variety of more closed space, adapt to all kinds of people.
Effect of freezing and thawing on available phosphorus content of soil
Authors: Shi Lei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The process of freeze-thaw not only directly affects the phosphorus cycle in non growing season, but also shows that the impact of cold winter and frequent freeze-thaw on the ecosystem will continue to the following growing season. This effect is closely related to soil properties, microbial activity and community structure, climate conditions, vegetation composition and management methods. However, due to the differences in research methods, many results about the effects of freeze-thaw on soil nitrogen and phosphorus cycle are quite different. After the freeze-thaw cycle, the content of available phosphorus in the two soils decreased, and the decreasing trend was Lou soil > arsenic sandstone.
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks derived nitrogen doped porous carbon for electrochemical reduction of CO2
Authors: Zhong Xi , Zhong Heng , Jin Fangming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of high-performance electrochemical materials plays an important role in CO2reduction efficiency and cost effectiveness. In this work, nitrogen doped porous carbon matrix was designed and fabricated from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8). Pyrolysis temperature was investigated to achieve the best performance to convert CO2into CO. The suitable temperature is 700 °C which could make the catalyst containing good conductivity and activity. The highest Faradaic efficiency of CO is close to 25% at potential of -1.0 V.
An underground pipeline leakage monitoring and precise positioning method based on multi-point signal compensation
Authors: Li Yulong , Yang Fan , Guo Huijie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Underground pipelines are an important infrastructure for cities and an important basis for ensuring the normal operation of urban production and life. As the earliest types of pipelines built in the urban underground pipe network, the water supply network and the heat pipe network of many cities have already experienced aging phenomena. Pipeline leakage and pipe burst accidents frequently occur, resulting in serious waste of water resources and greatly increasing operating costs [1]. At the same time, there are major security risks. Pipeline leak detection is an important task. There are many kinds of pipeline leakage detection methods [2], and the best one is the water leakage detection correlator, which can locate the location of the leakage point. However, the correlation instrument can not eliminate the environmental noise interference well during the leak detection process, and the positioning result sometimes has a large deviation. In order to solve this problem, an underground pipeline leakage monitoring and precise positioning method based on multi-point signal compensation is proposed. The method increases the third acquisition point of the noise signal, and compensates for the positioning deviation caused by the environmental noise through the signal of the third point, achieving accurate positioning of leak points.
Research on the Benefits of Conservation of Soil and Water and Sediment Reduction
Authors: Min Zhihua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
With continuous development of economy, human beings are increasingly destroying the environment. Therefore, attention must be paid to conservation of soil and water. The environmental issues in China are very serious currently, which are mainly reflected in soil erosion and water shortage, moreover, the phenomenon of soil desertification has become very serious in our country, and the ecological environment has been destroyed, flood or soil desertification both cause damage to the environment. Therefore, the work of conservation of soil and water and sediment reduction is of great significance. This paper mainly studies the benefits of conservation of soil and water and sediment reduction in China.
Discussion on Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Work under the View of Sustainable Development
Authors: Deng Zhongmin , Zhang Yanqi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
At this stage, the ecological environment has been severely destroyed in our country; this situation is becoming more and more serious. Under the influence of the complex and severe situation mentioned above, in order to effectively solve the abovementioned bad development trends, the country proposes the sustainable development strategy, it is expected that through the implementation of this strategy, the previous extensive management mode will gradually be transformed into harmonious development mode between man and nature. This article mainly elaborates on the influence the sustainable development view on current hydrogeological and environmental geological work, this paper deeply explores current status of hydrogeological and environmental geological work, as well as some issues needing attention in China, and put forward some targeted suggestions and measures, through the explanation of this paper, It is hoped that environmental geology and hydrogeology will be better developed on the basis of the view of sustainable development.
“We should be addressing whiteness less, and affirming blackness more”:Random Acts of Flyness, Afrosurrealism, and Quality Programming
Authors: Forthun Eric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPremiering on Saturday nights in summer of 2018, the barely-promoted Random Acts of Flyness (RAOF) was buried in HBO’s schedule. The highly experimental series combines many forms, including late night talk show, documentary, claymation, and sketch show, amongst many others. With stylistic techniques such as Afrosurrealism and self-reflexivity alongside discursive tools that heighten the series’ claim to “quality,” I argue that RAOF utilizes its surreal and distinctly black creative production to critically examine representations of blackness and whiteness in the media and American culture. I further contend that, for HBO, independent filmmaker and series creator Terence Nance’s pedigree fits the channel’s long-standing association with “higher” art forms, even as the series does not fit into historically white and affluent notions of “quality.” As the television landscape becomes broader and markers of “quality” become harder to pin down, the series’ incisive look at blackness proves to be an exceptional case study.
Risk Factors for Adverse Events in Household Contacts Prescribed Preventive Treatment for Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Exposure
Authors: Malik Amyn A , Becerra Mercedes C , Lash Timothy L , Cranmer Lisa M , Omer Saad B , Fuad Junaid , Siddiqui Sara , Amanullah Farhana , Jaswal Maria , Salahuddin Naseem , Keshavjee Salmaan , Hussain Hamidah , Gandhi Neel R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Completion of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment is important to optimize efficacy; treatment-related adverse events (AEs) sometimes result in discontinuation. This study describes the occurrence of AEs and their risk factors during a 6-month, 2-drug, fluoroquinolone-based preventive treatment for household contacts of patients with drug-resistant TB in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods
The primary outcome was development of any clinical AE during preventive treatment. Adverse events were categorized using the AE grading tables of the National Institutes of Health. Time-to-event analysis with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models accounting for recurrence were used to analyze associated risk factors.

Results
Of the 172 household contacts on preventive treatment, 36 (21%) developed 64 AEs during 813 months of treatment. The incidence of AEs over 6 months of treatment was 7.9 per 100 person-months; 16 per 100 person-months with a fluoroquinolone and ethionamide, and 4.4 per 100 person-months with a fluoroquinolone and ethambutol. There were 53 (83%) grade 1 and 11 grade 2 AEs, with no grade 3 or 4 AEs. In multivariable analysis, the risk of AEs was higher in contacts prescribed ethionamide as compared to ethambutol adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.1 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2–3.6]). Overall, there was no notable difference in treatment completion among the contacts who experienced an AE and those who did not (crude odds ratio, 1.1 [95% CI, .52–2.5]).

Conclusions
A fluoroquinolone-based preventive treatment regimen for drug-resistant TB exposure is well tolerated. Regimens with ethionamide are more likely to result in AEs.
Childhood overweight and obesity and timing of puberty in boys and girls: cohort and sibling-matched analyses
Authors: Brix Nis , Ernst Andreas , Lauridsen Lea Lykke Braskhøj , Parner Erik Thorlund , Arah Onyebuchi A , Olsen Jørn , Henriksen Tine Brink , Ramlau-Hansen Cecilia Høst 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly puberty is a risk indicator for adult diseases. Identification of modifiable causes of earlier puberty is, therefore, warranted. We estimate the association between childhood body mass index (BMI) and pubertal timing in a cohort study and in a sibling-matched study to adjust for unobserved time-stable confounders shared within families.MethodsFor the cohort study, 11 046 of 22 439 (49%) invited children, born 2000–203, from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) had information on childhood BMI at 7 years and self-reported, half-yearly puberty information from 11 years on Tanner stages, menarche, voice break, first ejaculation, acne, and axillary hair. For the sibling-matched study, 1700 brothers and sisters were included among 86 820 live-born singletons from the DNBC.ResultsChildhood overweight (85th ≤ BMI &lt; 95th percentile) and obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) were associated with earlier age attaining the pubertal milestones in a dose-dependent manner in boys and girls. When modelling all pubertal milestones simultaneously, the pubertal milestones were attained earlier in: overweight boys: −3.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): −4.5, −1.7] months, overweight girls: −5.5 (95% CI: −7.1, −3.9) months, obese boys: −3.5 (95% CI: −5.1, −2.0) months, obese girls: −5.2 (95% CI: −7.1, −3.4) months compared with normal weight (BMI  &lt; 85th percentile) children. In the sibling-matched study, higher BMI was associated with earlier age at attaining most pubertal milestones in girls, but only a tendency toward earlier pubertal timing was observed in boys.ConclusionsChildhood overweight and obesity were associated with earlier pubertal timing even after adjustment for unobserved time-stable confounders shared within families.
Implementing and measuring person-centredness using an APP for knowledge transfer: the iMPAKT app
Authors: McCance Tanya , Lynch Brighide M , Boomer Christine , Brown Donna , Nugent Christopher , Ennis Andrew , Garcia-Constantino Matias , Clelland Ian , Edgar Denise , Radbron Emma , Wilson Valerie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate a technological solution in the form of an App to implement and measure person-centredness in nursing. The focus was to enhance the knowledge transfer of a set of person-centred key performance indicators and the corresponding measurement framework used to inform improvements in the experience of care.

Design
The study used an evaluation approach derived from the work of the Medical Research Council to assess the feasibility of the App and establish the degree to which the App was meeting the aims set out in the development phase. Evaluation data were collected using focus groups (n = 7) and semi-structured interviews (n = 7) to capture the impact of processes experienced by participating sites.

Setting
The study was conducted in the UK and Australia in two organizations, across 11 participating sites.

Participants
22 nurses from 11 sites in two large health care organizations were recruited on a voluntary basis.

Intervention
Implementing the KPIs and measurement framework via the APP through two cycles of data collection.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome was to establish feasibility in the use of the App.

Results
The majority of nurse/midwife participants found the App easy to use. There was broad consensus that the App was an effective method to measure the patient experience and generated clear, concise reports in real time.

Conclusions
The implementation of the person-centred key performance indicators using the App enhanced the generation of meaningful data to evidence patient experience across a range of different clinical settings.