bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a multiphasic, cryptic screening protocol for body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic dermatology
Authors: Fletcher Leslie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic dermatology is high. Even though treating patients with this disorder may worsen symptoms and is fraught with potential complications, screening is low, due in part to lack of knowledge of the disorder, as well as inadequate screening tools.ObjectivesTo verify the probability of body dysmorphic disorder in a nonsurgical esthetic setting and determine the effect of a multiphasic screening protocol on mitigating poor outcomes in high‐risk patients.MethodsA multiphasic screening protocol for body dysmorphic disorder was distributed to a total of eight esthetic clinics in the United States. Practitioners administered an anonymous, cryptic prescreening form to all new, incoming patients aged ≥ 18 to ≤ 65 years from June 1, 2019, through September 1, 2019, followed by a second, more extensive screening questionnaire. Patients with suspected or subclinical body dysmorphic disorder could be refused treatment.ResultsA total of 734 initial screenings were recorded over 16 weeks. Of these, 4.2% (31/734) proceeded to the secondary screening phase; 29% (9/31) subsequently screened positive for body dysmorphic disorder. Practitioners refused to treat 77.8% (7/9) of positive screenings. Two patients out of seven who tested positive underwent a third screening and were subsequently treated with positive outcomes.ConclusionsUse of a cryptic screening protocol enables identification of individuals at risk for BDD and encourages open and continuous communication between patient and provider.
Retrospective analysis of the use of two recombinant follitropin alfa injections in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment with the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist protocol
Authors: Šprem Goldštajn Marina , Dumančić Stipe , Mikuš Mislav 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of biosimilar (Ovaleap) compared with the referenced follitropin alfa (Gonal‐f), within the context of antagonistic multiple doses protocol of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) techniques.MethodsA retrospective, monocentric study included 229 infertile women aged 22 to 43 years who underwent their first cycle of COH for the purpose of the IVF or ICSI during the period of 2017. Eligible patients underwent ovarian stimulation with either Ovaleap (n = 152) or Gonal‐f (n = 77) starting at Cycle Day 2 and were receiving gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist in either fixed or flexible antagonist protocol manner.ResultsOvaleap‐treatment resulted in fewer number of oocytes retrieved in regard to Gonal‐f‐treatment, with the median of seven oocytes retrieved in the Ovaleap group versus nine in the Gonal‐f group (U = 5369.5, P = 0.3079). Clinical pregnancy rate was 24.3% in the overall study sample and 31.9% in women with embryo transfer, in the Ovaleap group. Similarly, in the Gonal‐f group these rates were 25.0% and 34.5%, respectively. Only four patients experienced ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, with one case in Ovaleap‐treatment group and three cases in Gonal‐f‐treatment group.ConclusionWhile the clinical efficacy profile favored using Gonal‐f formulation of follitropin alfa, this analysis showed that there is no significant difference in the number of oocytes retrieved between Ovaleap and Gonal‐f follitropin alfa formulations, used within GnRH antagonist protocols of COH.
Antimicrobial therapy during cancer treatment: Beyond antibacterial effects
Authors: Ghanem S. , Kim C.J. , Dutta D. , Salifu M. , Lim S.H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCancer treatment options have evolved to include immunotherapy and targeted therapy, in addition to traditional chemoradiation. Chemoradiation places the patient at a higher risk of infection through a myelosuppressive effect. High clinical suspicion and early use of antimicrobials play a major role in decreasing any associated morbidity and mortality. This has led to a widespread use of antimicrobials in cancer patients. Antimicrobial use, however, does not come without its perils. Dysbiosis caused by antimicrobial use affects responses to chemotherapeutic agents and is prognostic in the development and severity of certain cancer treatment‐related complications such as graft‐versus‐host disease and Clostridioides difficile infections. Studies have also demonstrated that an intact gut microbiota is essential in the anticancer immune response. Antimicrobial use can therefore modulate responses and outcomes with immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints. In this review, we highlight the perils associated with antimicrobial use during cancer therapy and the importance of a more judicious approach. We discuss the nature of the pathologic changes in the gut microbiota resulting from antimicrobial use. We explore the effect these changes have on responses and outcomes to different cancer treatment modalities including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as potential adverse clinical consequences in the setting of stem cell transplant.
Relative risk of positional and dynamic temporomandibular disc abnormality for osteoarthritis—magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Takaoka Ryota , Yatani Hirofumi , Senzaki Yuki , Koishi Yukiko , Moriguchi Daisuke , Ishigaki Shoichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDynamic articular disc abnormality (wR, with reduction; woR, without reduction) is well known as the risk factor for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). However, there are few speculations on the potential risk of positional disc abnormalities for TMJOA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative risk of positional abnormality and dynamic abnormality of the temporomandibular disc for OA after the three‐dimensional interpretation of all the sagittal and coronal planes of magnetic resonance (MR) data in a large dataset of consecutive subjects. Experimental samples consisted of images of 1356 TMJs of patients. A diagnosis of disc state was established in each TMJ utilising a 1.5T MR imaging scanner. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the significant associations between the outcome (dependent variable: the presence of OA) and the predictors (covariates: age, sex, dynamic disc state [the presence of woR], and 5 categories of the positional disc state [NA, no abnormality; SW, sideways; pADD, partial anterior; cADD, complete anterior; PDD, posterior]). Based on the result of the binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of woR showed an odds ratio of 14.1 (P < .05). In addition, compared with the joints NA, those with SW and cADD showed odds ratios of 5.62 and 10.88, respectively (P < .05). Despite the limitations of the study, in the positional disc abnormalities, sideways disc displacement and complete anterior disc displacement could be associated with the occurrence of TMJOA. All the coronal and sagittal MR images should be evaluated to assess intra‐articular joint disorders accurately.
Pleistocene climate fluctuations drove demographic history of African golden wolves (Canis lupaster)
Authors: Sarabia Carlos , vonHoldt Bridgett , Larrasoaña Juan C. , Uríos Vicente , Leonard Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPleistocene climate change impacted entire ecosystems throughout the world. In the northern hemisphere, the distribution of Arctic species expanded during glacial periods, while more temperate and mesic species contracted into climatic refugia, where isolation drove genetic divergence. Cycles of local cooling and warming in the Sahara region of northern Africa caused repeated contractions and expansions of savannah‐like environments which connected mesic species isolated in refugia during interglacial times, possibly driving population expansions and contractions; divergence and geneflow in the associated fauna. Here, we use whole genome sequences of African golden wolves (Canis lupaster), a generalist mesopredator with a wide distribution in northern Africa to estimate their demographic history and past episodes of geneflow. We detect a correlation between divergence times and cycles of increased aridity‐associated Pleistocene glacial cycles. A complex demographic history with responses to local climate change in different lineages was found, including a relict lineage north of the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco that has been isolated for more than 18,000 years, possibly a distinct ecotype.
Lenticular nucleus volume predicts performance in real‐time strategy game: cross‐sectional and training approach using voxel‐based morphometry
Authors: Kowalczyk‐Grębska Natalia , Skorko Maciek , Dobrowolski Paweł , Kossowski Bartosz , Myśliwiec Monika , Hryniewicz Nikodem , Gaca Maciej , Marchewka Artur , Kossut Małgorzata , Brzezicka Aneta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is unclear why some people learn faster than others. We performed two independent studies in which we investigated the neural basis of real‐time strategy (RTS) gaming and neural predictors of RTS game skill acquisition. In the first (cross‐sectional) study, we found that experts in the RTS game StarCraft® II (SC2) had a larger lenticular nucleus volume (LNV) than non‐RTS players. We followed a cross‐validation procedure where we used the volume of regions identified in the first study to predict the quality of learning a new, complex skill (SC2) in a sample of individuals who were naive to RTS games (a second (training) study). Our findings provide new insights into how the LNV, which is associated with motor as well as cognitive functions, can be utilized to predict successful skill learning and be applied to a much broader context than just video games, such as contributing to optimizing cognitive training interventions.
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in situs inversus dextrocardia: Challenge, improved procedure, outcomes, and literature review
Authors: Zhao Xin , Su Xin , Long De‐Yong , Sang Cai‐Hua , Bai Rong , Tang Ri‐Bo , Liu Nian , Jiang Chen‐Xi , Li Song‐Nan , Guo Xue‐Yuan , Wang Wei , Xin Du , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Yu Rong‐Hui , Ma Chang‐Sheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF‐CA) in patients with situs inversus dextrocardia (SID) can be challenging because of the contrary anatomy and associated anomalies. Cases and literature regarding AF‐CA in SID are rare and provide little information. Our study aims to present an improved procedure, ablation strategies, and evaluate the safety and outcomes of AF‐CA in patients with AF and SID.MethodsA total of 10 patients with AF‐SID (mean age, 60.4 ± 15.7 years; six paroxysmal AF, four persistent atrial fibrillation [PeAF]) were enrolled. For the improved procedure, images obtained by preacquired computed tomography and three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping, integrating intracardiac echocardiography, and x‐ray imaging data are necessary to optimize the transseptal puncture and ablation procedure.ResultsAll patients successfully underwent 13 AF‐CA procedures without complications, including three patients received repeat procedures. However, two PeAF patients presented sick sinus syndrome (SSS) after the AF‐CA procedure, and one underwent permanent pacemaker implantation therapy during hospitalization. During the follow‐up period (6‐72 months), the outcomes were not favorable: three patients (30%) maintained sinus rhythm (SR) after the initial procedure; after repeated procedures, the overall SR rate was 40% (four patients).ConclusionWith the improved strategy, AF‐CA can be safely and effectively performed with low radiation exposure in patients with SID. However, the long‐term outcomes were not favorable, even when managed at a tertiary center by a team of specialists. Moreover, patients with PeAF might also have masked SSS, which should be carefully considered.
Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation after ACURATE neo transcatheter heart valve implantation
Authors: Kim Won‐Keun , Möllmann Helge , Walther Thomas , Hamm Christian W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRates of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) have been low using the self‐expanding ACURATE neo device, but data regarding risk factors of PPI for this specific device are scarce.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of patients (n = 1000) with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the ACURATE neo prosthesis in our center between May 2012 and December 2019. For the present analysis, we excluded patients with previous permanent pacemaker (n = 110), high‐grade AV block prior to TAVI (n = 3), and patients requiring conversion to surgical valve replacement (n = 4) or the implantation of a second prosthesis as valve‐in‐valve (n = 15). Preexisting conduction abnormalities were determined, and the implantation depth of the prosthesis was measured on final angiography. Differences across quartiles based on the original consecutive cohort were analyzed with respect to implantation depth and PPI rate. Predictors of PPI were identified using logistic regression.ResultsThe PPI rate was 10%. Preexisting AV block I°, right bundle branch block (RBBB), and the implantation depth were independent predictors of PPI. Across quartiles, the implantation depth differed significantly with lowest values in the last quartile, whereas differences of PPI rates across quartiles were not statistically significant, but showed a notable decrease in the last quartile.ConclusionPreexisting RBBB, AV block I°, and low implantation depth were independent predictors of PPI following TAVI using the ACURATE neo device. Instead of deliberately aiming at a high position, avoidance of a low implantation depth may represent a reasonable compromise to reduce the rate of PPI without increasing the risk of malpositioning.
Burdens, Sludge, Ordeals, Red tape, Oh My!: A User's Guide to the Study of Frictions
Authors: Madsen Jonas K. , Mikkelsen Kim S. , Moynihan Donald P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen a dramatic growth in the study of frictions that individuals experience, especially in their interactions with the public sector, creating both the potential for new research opportunities and conceptual confusion. We seek to head off the latter by providing, in one place, a definition, description of the development, and comparison of four dominant conceptions of frictions: ordeal mechanisms, red tape, administrative burden, and sludge. In particular, we discuss the four concepts' definitions and use in terms of their objectivity, distributive effects, object and domain, and deliberate design. This article helps researchers to understand the overlap and distinctions between these concepts and the role of public administration in these different traditions. Comparisons of the different approaches' thinking also suggest opportunities for mutual learning.
Nevocentric erythema multiforme in a child
Authors: Di Brizzi Eugenia Veronica , Tartari Federico , Filippi Federica , Virdi Annalucia , Gurioli Carlotta , Neri Iria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 9‐year‐old girl presented with multiple, ring‐shaped, erythematous, nonscaly plaques on the trunk, face and arms, most surrounding preexisting melanocytic nevi. She had experienced recurring episodes of herpes simplex labialis over several years (average 4/year), the last occurring 10 days prior.
Do illiterate mothers learn from their literate kids? Evidence from maternal nutritional knowledge
Authors: Seid Yared 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study provides empirical evidence on whether literate kids augment the nutritional knowledge of their illiterate mothers. A mother's ability to correctly diagnose her child's height and weight for age is used to measure maternal nutritional knowledge. To mitigate the potential endogeneity of living with literate kids, we use an instrumental variable (IV) approach and estimate unobserved effect probit IV models using longitudinal data from the 2002 and 2006 Young Lives Ethiopian household survey. The results from our preferred specification suggest that an illiterate mother who lives with a literate kid is 6.2 and 4.4 percentage points more likely to correctly diagnose her child's height and weight for age, respectively, relative to an illiterate mother who lives with no literate household member. Falsification tests suggest that our results are not confounded by other factors.
A review of the immune response stimulated by xenogenic tissue heart valves
Authors: Bozso Sabin J. , EL‐Andari Ryaan , Al‐Adra David , Moon Michael C. , Freed Darren H. , Nagendran Jayan , Nagendran Jeevan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractValvular heart disease continues to afflict millions of people around the world. In many cases, the only corrective treatment for valvular heart disease is valve replacement. Valve replacement options are currently limited, and the most common construct utilized are xenogenic tissue heart valves. The main limitation with the use of this valve type is the development of valvular deterioration. Valve deterioration results in intrinsic permanent changes in the valve structure, often leading to hemodynamic compromise and clinical symptoms of valve re‐stenosis. A significant amount of research has been performed regarding the incidence of valve deterioration and determination of significant risk factors for its development. As a result, many believe that the underlying driver of valve deterioration is a chronic immune‐mediated rejection process of the foreign xenogenic‐derived tissue. The underlying mechanisms of how this occurs are an area of ongoing research and active debate. In this review, we provide an overview of the important components of the immune system and how they respond to xenografts. A review of the proposed mechanisms of xenogenic heart valve deterioration is provided including the immune response to xenografts. Finally, we discuss the role of strategies to combat valve degeneration such as preservation protocols, epitope modification and decellularization.
Self‐perceived cognitive lapses and psychological well‐being in schizotypy: Generalized and domain‐specific associations
Authors: Giakoumaki Stella G. , Karamaouna Penny , Karagiannopoulou Leda , Zouraraki Chrysoula 
Published: December 2020

A critical link between schizotypy and schizophrenia is impoverished cognitive functioning. In the majority of studies, though: (1) cognition is examined with standard neuropsychological tasks; and (2) high‐schizotypal individuals are defined according to criteria applied in the respective study sample. Taking these considerations into account, the aims of the present study were to examine: (1) differences between four pre‐defined, according to normative criteria, schizotypal (paranoid, negative, disorganized and cognitive‐perceptual) and one control groups in self‐perceived cognitive lapses; and (2) associations between schizotypal dimensions, self‐perceived cognitive lapses and psychological well‐being. Two hundred and sixty‐one participants were administered the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and the Flourishing Scale, which assesses psychological well‐being. Negative schizotypals reported higher scores in almost all CFQ measures compared with the control group (all p values < 0.01) along with poorer psychological well‐being compared with the control and the cognitive‐perceptual groups (both p values < 0.001). The disorganized group had higher scores in distractibility, blunders and total CFQ scores compared with the control group (all p values < 0.001). High psychological well‐being was significantly associated with low negative schizotypy and CFQ blunders along with high cognitive‐perceptual schizotypy (all p values < 0.05). To summarize, negative schizotypy is associated with a profile of “generalized” self‐perceived cognitive lapses while disorganized schizotypy is characterized by self‐perceived cognitive slips that have previously been shown to be mediated by a fronto‐parietal network. Although psychological well‐being is negatively associated with social‐context specific cognitive failures and negative schizotypy, it is positively associated with cognitive‐perceptual schizotypy.
Feline and canine Merkel cell carcinoma: A case series and discussion on cellular origin
Authors: van der Steen Francine E. M. M. , Grinwis Guy C. M. , Weerts Erik A. W. S. , Teske Erik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is in humans and cats a malignant cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, whereas in dogs it possibly has a more benign behaviour. It may be cytologically confused with round cell tumours such as lymphoma because of its striking cytomorphologic similarity. Although MCC is considered to arise from Merkel cells, recent findings indicated that primitive (epi‐)dermal stem cells, early B‐cells or dermal fibroblasts were the origin of human MCC. The aim of our study was to evaluate a possible lymphoid origin in feline and canine MCCs. Specific analysis of CD3, PAX‐5, KIT and PARR assay were performed in 3 feline and 3 canine MCCs. All MCCs (6/6) were negative for CD3 and PAX‐5. KIT was expressed in all MCCs (6/6). Assessment of clonality by PARR assay exhibited a polyclonal B‐ and T‐cell receptor rearrangement in all five cases tested. In conclusion, a lymphoid origin of feline and canine MCCs could not be demonstrated. This is in contrast with human MCCs, that often express early B‐cell lineage markers.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of a 34 Watt Radial-Inflow Steam Turbine With Partial Admission
Authors: Wagner Patrick H. , Van herle Jan , Schiffmann Jürg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A microsteam turbine with a tip diameter of 15 mm was designed and experimentally characterized. At the nominal mass flow rate and total-to-total pressure ratio of 2.3 kg h−1 and 2, respectively, the turbine yields a power of 34 W and a total-to-static isentropic efficiency of 37%. The steam turbine is conceived as a radial-inflow, low-reaction (15%), and partial admission (21%) machine. Since the steam is limited in the system (solid oxide fuel cell), a low-reaction and high-power-density design is preferred. The partial-admission design allows for reduced losses: The turbine rotor and stator blades are prismatic, have a radial chord length of 1 mm and a height of 0.59 mm. Since the relative rotor blade tip clearance (0.24) is high, the blade tip leakage losses are significant. Considering a fixed steam supply, this design allows to increase the blade height, and thus reducing the losses. The steam turbine drives a fan, which operates at low Mach numbers. The rotor is supported on dynamic steam-lubricated bearings; the nominal rotational speed is 175 krpm. A numerical simulation of the steam turbine is in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, a novel test rig setup, featuring extremely thin thermocouples (ø0.15 mm) is investigated for an operation with ambient and hot air at 220 °C. Conventional zero- and one-dimensional predesign models correlate well with the experimental results, despite the small size of the turbine blades.