bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performance of magnifying blue laser imaging versus magnifying narrow-band imaging for identifying the depth of invasion of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ueda Tomohiro , Dohi Osamu , Naito Yuji , Yoshida Takuma , Azuma Yuka , Ishida Tsugitaka , Matsumura Shinya , Kitae Hiroaki , Takayama Shun , Mizuno Naoki , Nakano Takahiro , Iwai Naoto , Hirose Ryohei , Inoue Ken , Yoshida Naohisa , Kamada Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Takeshi , Takagi Tomohisa , Konishi Hideyuki , Nishimura Ayako , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Identifying the depth of invasion (DOI) of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) is crucial to determine the indication for endoscopic resection. This retrospective, single-center study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of magnifying blue laser imaging (M-BLI) compared with white-light imaging (WLI) or magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) for identifying the DOI of SESCC. A total of 160 consecutive patients with SESCCs who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection were enrolled in this study. Still images of the lesion were obtained using WLI, M-BLI and M-NBI prior to endoscopic submucosal dissection. Three endoscopists retrospectively evaluated the DOI using WLI according to non-magnifying findings and using M-BLI and M-NBI images according to the magnifying endoscopic classification of the Japan Esophageal Society. The diagnostic accuracy of each modality was compared using the chi-square test. The DOIs in 160 SESCCs evaluated pathologically were as follows: invasion to the epithelium or lamina propria mucosa in 130, invasion to the lamina muscularis mucosa or submucosa to a depth ≤ 200 μm in 18, and invasion to the submucosa to a depth &gt; 200 μm in 12. The overall diagnostic accuracy rates of WLI, M-BLI, M-NBI, WLI with M-BLI (WLI + M-BLI), and WLI with M-NBI (WLI + M-NBI) were 86.9, 91.2, 90.6, 95.6 and 94.4%, respectively. Significant differences were found between WLI and WLI + M-BLI or WLI + M-NBI (P = 0.006 and P = 0.021, respectively). The concordance of intrapapillary capillary loops between M-BLI and M-NBI was 91.2%. The kappa coefficients for interobserver variability of the three endoscopists for M-BLI and M-NBI were 0.728/0.649/0.792 and 0.729/0.666/0.791, respectively, while those for intraobserver variability were 0.919/0.746/0.778 and 0.736/0.720/0.745, respectively. Similar to M-NBI, M-BLI was useful in predicting the DOI of SESCCs.
Optimization and Validation of HS-SPME-GC-MS for the Determination of Furan and Alkylfurans in Chocolate-Based Products: Impact of Tempering and Laser Printing
Authors: Alsafra Zouheir , Scholl Georges , Eppe Gauthier 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Furan and its alkyl substituted (2-methylfuran, 3-methylfuran, 2,3-dimethylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran) are found in a range between ppm to sub-ppb levels in many foodstuffs undergoing heat treatments like coffee, chicory, or even chocolate.

Objectives
Two major objectives are presented. First, we aim at optimizing and validating a HS-SPME-GC-MS method for the quantification of five alkylfurans in chocolate. Second, we focus our study on measuring the quantitative impact of engraving technique on the formation of furan and its derivatives in chocolate, from the raw callets to processed end-products.

Method
HS-SPME-GC-MS method operating in SIM mode and using isotope dilution technique with deuterated homologue internal standards was used to quantify alkylfurans in chocolate.

Results
Good repeatability (RSD% = 0.1–8%, in duplicate) and intermediate precision (RSD% = 1.7–7%, n = 6) were obtained for these five process contaminants at 10, 25, and 50 µg/kg. Trueness was varying between 81 and 109%. LoQ ranged from 0.48 to 2.50 µg/kg. Relative expanded measurement uncertainties ranged from 6 to 30%. Finally, tempering is responsible for a 24% increase in furan contamination, while the laser engraving technique results in an additional 31% increase in furan. A similar trend was also observed for 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran, whereas no significant increases were observed for 2,3-dimethylfuran and 2,5-dimethylfuran.

Conclusions and highlights
A reliable and sensitive method of HS-SPME-GC-MS was reported for the first time for the analysis of furan and four alkylfurans in chocolate. This paper demonstrated that engraving using laser-based techniques can increase the levels of these compounds by up to 30%.
Maize pentatricopeptide repeat protein DEK53 is required for mitochondrial RNA editing at multiple sites and seed development
Authors: Dai Dawei , Jin Lifang , Huo Zhenzhen , Yan Shumei , Ma Zeyang , Qi Weiwei , Song Rentao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins were identified as site-specific recognition factors for RNA editing in plant mitochondria and plastids. In this study, we characterized maize (Zea mays) kernel mutant defective kernel 53 (dek53), which has an embryo lethal and collapsed endosperm phenotype. Dek53 encodes an E-subgroup PPR protein, which possesses a short PLS repeat region of only seven repeats. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that DEK53 is localized in the mitochondrion. Strand- and transcript-specific RNA-seq analysis showed that the dek53 mutation affected C-to-U RNA editing at more than 60 mitochondrial C targets. Biochemical analysis of mitochondrial protein complexes revealed a significant reduction in the assembly of mitochondrial complex III in dek53. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed severe morphological defects of mitochondria in dek53 endosperm cells. In addition, yeast two-hybrid and luciferase complementation imaging assays indicated that DEK53 can interact with the mitochondrion-targeted non-PPR RNA editing factor ZmMORF1, suggesting that DEK53 might be a functional component of the organellar RNA editosome.
What Drives Global Lending Syndication? Effects of Cross-Country Capital Regulation Gaps*
Authors: Gao Janet , Jang Yeejin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We examine how cross-country differences in capital regulations shape the structure of global lending syndicates. Using globally syndicated loans extended by banks from forty-four countries, we find that strictly regulated banks participate more in syndicates originated by lead lenders facing less stringent capital regulations. The resulting lending syndicates extend loans to riskier borrowers, charge higher spreads, forego covenants more frequently, and incur higher default rates. Such syndication activity also facilitates the access to credit by riskier corporations and exposes both participants and lead arrangers to greater systemic risk. Overall, our finding is consistent with the explanation that strictly regulated banks rely on the expertise of loosely regulated banks to procure risky deals outside the border.
Effects of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions on menopause-related quality of life: a pooled analysis of individual participant data from four MsFLASH trials
Authors: Diem Susan J. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Reed Susan D. , Larson Joseph C. , Newton Katherine M. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Woods Nancy F. , Guthrie Katherine A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective:
The Menopause Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health network conducted three randomized clinical trials (RCTs) testing six interventions treating vasomotor symptoms (VMS), and also collected menopause-related quality of life (QOL) measures. A fourth RCT assessed an intervention for insomnia symptoms among women with VMS. We describe these seven interventions’ effects on menopause-related QOL relative to control in women with VMS.

Methods:
We pooled individual-level data from 1,005 peri- and postmenopausal women with 14 or more VMS/week across the four RCTs. Interventions included escitalopram 10 to 20 mg/d; yoga/aerobic exercise; 1.8 g/d omega-3-fatty acids; oral 17-beta-estradiol 0.5 mg/d; venlafaxine XR 75 mg/d; and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Outcomes measures were the Menopause-specific Quality of Life scale and its subscales.

Results:
Significant improvements in total Menopause-specific Quality of Life from baseline were observed with estradiol, escitalopram, CBT-I, and yoga, with mean decreases of 0.3 to 0.5 points relative to control. The largest improvement in the vasomotor subscale was observed with estradiol (−1.2 points), with more modest but significant effects seen with escitalopram, yoga, and CBT-I. Significant improvements in the psychosocial subscale were observed for escitalopram, venlafaxine, and CBT-I. For the physical subscale, the greatest improvement was observed for CBT-I and exercise, whereas for the sexual subscale, the greatest improvement was observed for CBT-I, with yoga and estradiol demonstrating smaller effects.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that for menopause-related QOL, women have a variety of treatment strategies to choose from and can select an approach based on most bothersome symptoms and individual preferences.
Optimization of femtosecond laser–constructed clear corneal wound sealability for cataract surgery
Authors: Benard-Seguin Étienne , Bostan Cristina , Fadous Raphaëlle , Sylvestre-Bouchard Antoine , de Alwis Weerasekera Hasitha Jaliya , Giguère Charles-Édouard , Harasymowycz Paul , Brunette Isabelle 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To compare the sealability of femtosecond laser (FSL)–assisted corneal incisions (CIs) with that of triplanar manual (M)-CIs and to determine FSL wound parameters minimizing leakage.

Setting:
Private practice.

Design:
Phase IV, single-surgeon, retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
One eye per patient was included. Two groups defined by the main wound (FSL-CI or M-CI) were compared for leakage, inferred by placement of a suture at the end of surgery. Leakage in FSL-CIs was analyzed as a function of customizable wound parameters: anterior plane depth (APD), posterior plane depth (PPD), anterior side-cut angle (ASCA), and posterior side-cut angle (PSCA). The risk of leakage of FSL-CIs with optimal and nonoptimal parameters was further compared with that of M-CIs.

Results:
A total of 1100 eyes (757 [68.8%] FSL-CI; 343 [31.2%] M-CI) were included. Wound leakage occurred in 133 FSL-CI (17.6%) and 30 M-CI eyes (8.7%) (P < .001). FSL wound parameters associated with the lowest risk of leakage were 60% APD, 70% PPD, 120 degrees ASCA, and 70 degrees PSCA. FSL-CIs constructed with at least 3 optimal parameters (60% APD, 70% PPD, and 120 degrees ASCA) had a similar risk of leakage to M-CIs (odds ratio [OR], 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5-2.3). FSL-CIs with suboptimal parameters had twice the risk of leakage of M-CIs (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8).

Conclusions:
Overall, FSL-CIs leaked more than M-CIs. However, FSL-CIs with optimized wound profiles had an equivalent risk of leakage to M-CIs. Wound parameter customization is an asset of FSL technology that allows optimization of FSL-CI sealability.
Dermoid Cyst of the Parotid Gland Location
Authors: Yang Chengshuai , Wang Xudong , Zhang Shilei , Wu DanDan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Dermoid cysts (DCs) can occur anywhere in the body. However, DCs on neck or head are not common, which account for about 7% among all kinds of DCs and mostly occur in superficial areas. These cysts are hardly seen in the parotid gland. It is challenging to make accurate diagnosis before surgery because of its rarity and the ambiguous findings on radiology images. Based on a short review of the literature on DCs in the parotid gland, we discussed their clinical features and histopathological and radiological characteristics.
A Rare Complication of Tonsillectomy: Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
Authors: Erdogan Banu Atalay , Batum Kübra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical operations in otolaryngology clinics. While postoperative pain is frequently encountered, severe pain such as glossopharyngeal neuralgia is extremely rare.
A Guide to Developing Safety Protocols for International Craniofacial Outreach Programs During the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Salehi Parsa P. , Johnson Adam B. , Rubinstein Brian , Pahlavan Nima , Azizzadeh Babak , Hamdan Usama S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has created obstacles to health care delivery on a global scale. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), many of which already suffered from unmet surgical and medical needs, are at great risk of suffering poor health outcomes due to health care access troubles brought on by the pandemic. Craniofacial outreach programs (CFOP)—a staple for craniofacial surgeons—have historically provided essential care to LMICs. To date, there has not been literature discussing the process of resuming CFOP mission trips. Herein, we propose a roadmap to help guide future journeys, as well as summarize practical considerations.
COVID-19 DEATH TOLL: THE ROLE OF THE NATION’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Chodick Gabriel , Weil Clara 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeveral months into the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there is a limited understanding of the underlying country-specific factors associated with COVID-19 spread and mortality. This study aims to investigate the role of nations’ economic development in the death toll associated with COVID-19 in Europe and Israel.MethodsNumber of COVID-19 cases, deaths per million, and case fatality rate (CFR) in Israel and 39 countries in Europe were described across quintiles of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The association between GDP per capita and COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and CFR was investigated using generalized linear modeling adjusting for the proportion of elderly and density of the population.ResultsIn countries belonging to the three lower GDP quintiles, COVID-19 incidence rates per million (range 708-1134) were substantially lower compared to countries in the fourth (3939) and fifth (3476) quintiles. Major differences were also calculated in COVID-19 mortality rates per million (25-31 vs. 222-268). There was no significant (p=0.19) differences in CFR between GDP quintiles (range: 2.79-7.62%).ConclusionsCOVID-19 had a greater toll in more developed nations. Though comparisons are limited by differences in testing, reporting and lockdown policies, this association likely reflects increased spread from trade and tourism in wealthier countries, whereas limited health system capacity and lack of treatment and vaccination options contributed to higher than expected CFR in wealthier countries. This unique situation will probably encourage the stronger economies to invest the required financial capacity to respond to and recover from the current crisis.
The Effect of GDP and Distance on Timing of COVID-19 Spread in Chinese Provinces in 2020
Authors: Kuan Alice , Chen Mingxin , Bishai David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe geographical spread of COVID-19 across China’s provinces provides the opportunity for retrospective analysis on contributors to the timing of the spread. Highly contagious diseases need to be seeded into populations and we hypothesized that greater distance from the epicenter in Wuhan, as well as higher province-level GDP per capita, would delay the time until a province detected COVID-19 cases. To test this hypothesis, we used province-level socioeconomic data such as GDP per capita and percentage of the population aged over 65, distance from the Wuhan epicenter, and health systems capacity in a Cox proportional hazards analysis of the determinants of each province’s time until epidemic start. The start was defined by the number of days it took for each province to reach thresholds of 3, 5, 10, or 100 cases. We controlled for the number of hospital beds and physicians as these could influence the speed of case detection. Surprisingly, none of the explanatory variables had a statistically significant effect on the time it took for each province to get its first cases; the timing of COVID-19 spread appears to have been random with respect to distance, GDP, demography, and the strength of the health system. Looking to other factors, such as travel, policy, and lockdown measures, could provide additional insights on realizing most critical factors in the timing of spread.
3-D adaptive FEA with weighted node density technique
Authors: Yamaguchi Tadashi , Kawase Yoshihiro , Ishimura Shota 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a method to create 3-D finite element meshes automatically using the Delaunay tetrahedralization with the weighted node density technique. Using this method, the adaptive finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out for the calculation of the magnetic field of an eddy current verification model to clarify the usefulness of the method. Moreover, the error evaluation function for the adaptive FEA was also discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
The method to create the 3-D finite element meshes using the Delaunay tetrahedralization is realized by the weighted node density technique, and Zienkiewicz-Zhu’s error estimator is used as the error evaluation function of the adaptive FEA.

Findings
The magnetic flux density vectors on the node in the error evaluation function for the adaptive FEA should be calculated with the weighted average by the reciprocal of the volume of elements.

Originality/value
This paper describes the method to create 3-D finite element meshes and the comparison among calculation methods of the magnetic flux density vectors on the node for the error estimator.
Irreversible demagnetization analysis of RWAFPM motor using modified MEC algorithm
Authors: Mahmouditabar Farshid , Vahedi Abolfazl , Ojaghlu Pourya , Takorabet Noureddine 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present a modified MEC algorithm for demagnetization modeling of the PM motor. One of the major issues that the designers of the permanent magnet (PM) motors are faced with is the demagnetization of magnets because of high temperatures and armature reaction. Demagnetization will weaken the magnetic properties of the magnet and lead to a reduction in the performance of the motor. Therefore, it is essential to provide appropriate methods for modeling this phenomenon. One of these methods that has a compromise between accuracy and time consumption is the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC). In this paper, the MEC method is used for modeling the demagnetization phenomenon for the newly introduced ring winding axial flux PM (RWAFPM) motor. The proposed algorithm can take the demagnetization into account through a time-stepping model and also correct the value of the knee point flux density.

Design/methodology/approach
The modified MEC method is used for demagnetization modeling. The modified algorithm can take into account demagnetization and also renew the knee point at each step to increase the accuracy of the modeling. In addition, the proposed algorithm has a very high and fast execution speed so that the computation time of the MEC algorithm compared to the FEM model is reduced from 3 h to 35 s. In this case, the simulations have been performed on a core i5@ 2.3 GHz/8GB computer. The FEM model is used to verify the validity of the MEC results.

Findings
The obtained results show that at the high temperature, RWAFPM motor is severely vulnerable to demagnetization. At the temperature of 140°C, the demagnetization rate of 35% has occurred. So, it is necessary to use the high-temperature magnet in this motor or modify the motor structure in terms of demagnetization tolerant capability.

Originality/value
The RWAFPM motor is introduced for use in ship propulsion and traction systems. For this reason, an accurate estimation of demagnetization tolerant of this motor in different working conditions can show the strengths and weaknesses of this structure.
Employment mismatch from a distributive justice perspective
Authors: Bian Xinyi 
Published: July 2020

PurposeEmployment mismatch is a significant problem in many countries. However, little conceptualization research has been conducted on employment mismatch from a social justice perspective. The purpose of this study is to shed light on social justice issues that have been obscured in the human resource development (HRD) literature through the lens of the distributive justice theory.Design/methodology/approachThis study first reviews the literature to identify the gaps in employment mismatch research by reviewing three relevant bodies of literature: education mismatch, immigrant mismatch and disability mismatch. It then provides a new conceptualization of employment mismatch by examining employment mismatch through the lens of Rawls’ (1971) distributive justice theory.FindingsThe author proposed a framework of healthy employment relations using the constructs of social system design, moral guidance, education reform and individual development. Implications were proposed for research and practice.Originality/valueThe new framework of healthy employment approaches employment mismatch from four aspects embraced by the distributive justice theory. This model can assist HRD professionals and policymakers in responding to the employment mismatch of different populations.
Analysis of demand risks for the Indian automotive sector in globally competitive environment
Authors: Kumar Girish , Singh Rajesh Kr. , Jain Rishabh , Kain Raman , Naveen Naveen 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the different types of risks affecting the demand for the automotive sector in India. The study is further trying to illustrate an approach for analyzing the relative intensities of these risks in the present uncertain business environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Risk on the overall demand is assessed by a combined Bayesian – multi-criteria decision-making approach. Data related to the different factors, affecting their product demand is collected from major automobile firms. Then, weights for these factors are evaluated by applying the analytic hierarchy process approach. Further, these weights are used in the Bayesian analysis network to evaluate the risk intensity for different subgroups, namely, political, economic, social, technological and environmental.

Findings
From the literature and experts’ opinion, total 16 risk factors have been finalized and these are further grouped into 5 categories i.e. political, economic, social, technological and environmental. It is observed that the demand for organizations functioning in the automotive sector is more vulnerable to economic risk as compared to other risks considered in the study.

Practical implications
Managers and decision makers of associated organizations can use the proposed framework to assess the demand risks so as to pre-evaluate their demand corresponding to future changes. Factors can be added or removed and importance could be assigned to different risk factors according to the prevailing business environment for an organization or sector. This will also help the organizations to conduct a more effective risk management in an uncertain business environment.

Originality/value
The study will help in better understanding of the various demand risks prevalent in the Indian auto sector. The methodology used, provides a novel approach for assessing the macroeconomic demand risks and can be used by the firms working in the automotive sector. The proposed methodology could be used for assessing supply chain risk or any other business initiative risk. The suggested approach will help managers in devising flexible management techniques so as to mitigate the risk.