bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Montessori intervention for individuals with dementia: feasibility study of a culturally adapted psychosocial intervention in Pakistan (MIRACLE)
Authors: Chaudhry Nasim , Tofique Sehrish , Husain Nusrat , Couture Debbie , Glasgow Paula , Husain Meher , Kiran Tayyeba , Memon Rakhshi , Minhas Shela , Qureshi Afshan , Shuber Florene , Leroi Iracema 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundGlobally, nearly two-thirds of people with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet research on how to support people with dementia in LMIC settings is sparse, particularly regarding the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Understanding how best to manage these symptoms of dementia with non-specialist approaches in LMICs is critical. One such approach is a non-pharmacological intervention based on the Montessori method.AimsTo evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted, group-based Montessori intervention for care home residents with dementia and their study partners, who were paid care workers in Pakistan.MethodThis was a two-stage study: a cultural adaptation of the Montessori intervention and a single-arm, open-label, feasibility and acceptability study of 12 participant dyads. Feasibility and tolerability of the intervention and study procedures were determined through the recruitment rate, adherence to the protocol and acceptance of the intervention. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with the study partners. A pre–post exploratory analysis of ratings of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, functional ability and quality of life were also conducted.ResultsThe recruitment and retention rates of people with dementia were acceptable, and the intervention was well tolerated by participant dyads. Findings show a reduction in agitation levels and improvement in mood and interest for the activities.ConclusionsFeasibility studies of low-cost, easy-to-deliver and culturally adapted interventions are essential in laying the groundwork for subsequent definitive effectiveness and/or implementation trials for dementia in LMICs, where awareness and resources for dementia are limited.
Individualized Therapy for Hypothyroidism: Is T4 Enough for Everyone?
Authors: Ettleson Matthew D , Bianco Antonio C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
It is well recognized that some hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine (LT4) remain symptomatic, but why patients are susceptible to this condition, why symptoms persist, and what is the role of combination therapy with LT4 and liothyronine (LT3), are questions that remain unclear. Here we explore evidence of abnormal thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism in LT4-treated patients, and offer a rationale for why some patients perceive LT4 therapy as a failure.

Evidence Acquisition
This review is based on a collection of primary and review literature gathered from a PubMed search of “hypothyroidism,” “levothyroxine,” “liothyronine,” and “desiccated thyroid extract,” among other keywords. PubMed searches were supplemented by Google Scholar and the authors’ prior knowledge of the subject.

Evidence Synthesis
In most LT4-treated patients, normalization of serum thyrotropin levels results in decreased serum T3/T4 ratio, with relatively lower serum T3 levels; in at least 15% of the cases, serum T3 levels are below normal. These changes can lead to a reduction in TH action, which would explain the slower rate of metabolism and elevated serum cholesterol levels. A small percentage of patients might also experience persistent symptoms of hypothyroidism, with impaired cognition and tiredness. We propose that such patients carry a key clinical factor, for example, specific genetic and/or immunologic makeup, that is well compensated while the thyroid function is normal but might become apparent when compounded with relatively lower serum T3 levels.

Conclusions
After excluding other explanations, physicians should openly discuss and consider therapy with LT4 and LT3 with those hypothyroid patients who have persistent symptoms or metabolic abnormalities despite normalization of serum thyrotropin level. New clinical trials focused on symptomatic patients, genetic makeup, and comorbidities, with the statistical power to identify differences between monotherapy and combination therapy, are needed.
Regulation of Thyroid-disrupting Chemicals to Protect the Developing Brain
Authors: Gilbert Mary E , O’Shaughnessy Katherine L , Axelstad Marta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSynthetic chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties are pervasive in the environment and are present in the bodies of humans and wildlife. As thyroid hormones (THs) control normal brain development, and maternal hypothyroxinemia is associated with neurological impairments in children, chemicals that interfere with TH signaling are of considerable concern for children’s health. However, identifying thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDCs) in vivo is largely based on measuring serum tetraiodothyronine in rats, which may be inadequate to assess TDCs with disparate mechanisms of action and insufficient to evaluate the potential neurotoxicity of TDCs. In this review 2 neurodevelopmental processes that are dependent on TH action are highlighted, neuronal migration and maturation of gamma amino butyric acid-ergic interneurons. We discuss how interruption of these processes by TDCs may contribute to abnormal brain circuitry following developmental TH insufficiency. Finally, we identify issues in evaluating the developmental neurotoxicity of TDCs and the strengths and limitations of current approaches designed to regulate them. It is clear that an enhanced understanding of how THs affect brain development will lead to refined toxicity testing, reducing uncertainty and improving our ability to protect children’s health.
A Family Romance
Authors: Zamperini Paola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on Eileen Chang's “Xinjing” to map and understand the ways in which the author depicts different types of emotional, erotic, sexual, and psychological flows and exchanges among parents, children, and their partners and spouses. “Xinjing” is here read in conversation with a wide array of other sources, first and foremost the middle and late Qing literary heritage that so greatly occupied and influenced Chang's own literary universe and pursuits, as well as the westernized literary milieu in which she lived and operated in 1940s Shanghai.
Pleasure and Sin
Authors: Tu Hang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article offers a reconstruction of the intellectual dialogue between Kantian aesthetician Li Zehou 李澤厚 (1930–) and humanist literary critic Liu Zaifu 劉再復 (1941–). By comparing Li's ruminations on “cultures of pleasure” (legan wenhua 樂感文化) and Liu's treatises on “literatures of sin” (zuigan wenxue 罪感文學), the author shows how religious ethics became a crucial medium for them to reflect on the theologico-political aspects of Chinese revolutionary culture. In particular, Li's cultures of pleasure were grounded in the May Fourth aesthetic discourse that highlighted the inculcation of secular humanity as an alternative to religious transcendence. Meanwhile, Liu underscored the transcendence of literatures of sin to stimulate an inner morality through which to excise all secular political commands from human interiority. Whereas Li prioritized a realistic ethical and psychological noumenon in Confucian aesthetics to refute the romantic and sublime figure of the proletarian subject, Liu's espousal of religious transcendence provided Chinese writers with a spiritual dimension to actualize literature's breakaway from the tutelage of the revolutionary state. Their reflections on this-worldly pleasure and otherworldly sin have merged in exorcising the myth of Mao's revolutionary utopia.
Can T2 blackout effect be a marker of iron accumulation in brains of multiple sclerosis patients?
Authors: Erbay Mehmet Fatih , Kamışlı Özden , Karatoprak Nur Betül 
Published: July 2020

Objective :
T2 blackout (TBO) effect, which is a common finding in the brains of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and older population that are imaged for other reasons on diffusion weighted imagings (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map show the existence of paramagnetic materials in the tissue. Because iron is known to accumulate in especially deep gray matter (DGM) structures in MS brains, we aimed to investigate the relationship between TBO and clinico-radiological parameters that may be iron-related in MS.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the latest MR images of MS patients on 3 Tesla MR scanner between 2018 and 2019. TBO existence and severity on DWI–ADC was assessed by two radiologists and its correlation with several outcomes of MS was investigated.

Results:
No significant relationship was found between TBO and gender, subtype of MS whereas TBO was positively correlated with parameters such as black-hole lesions, cortical atrophy, duration of disease, age and extended disability status scale (EDSS) score.

Conclusions:
TBO shows correlation with the conditions which were revealed to be associated with iron accumulation in the brain of MS patients in the literature. Therefore, we concluded that TBO and its severity in DGM may represent iron accumulation in MS brains.

Advances in knowledge:
TBO effect as a frequent imaging finding in daily practice may be used as predictor of the disease course of MS due to possible effects of iron accumulation in brain and thereby may be useful in modifying treatment strategies.
Some Comments on the Changes, Contradictions and Connections of Literary Theories in Lithuania
Authors: Jurgutienė Aušra 
Published: July 2020

The paper presents a brief history of literary theories that have been used in Lithuania for the last century (1918–2018). Certain general patterns of development are visible in Lithuanian literary studies: movements from positivist (M. Biržiška) to anti-positivist (V. Mykolaitis-Putinas) history and from Marxist history (K. Korsakas) to postmodern New Historicism. The mid-20th century marked the first applications of modern literary theories (first in exile, later among those who stayed in occupied Lithuania). A. J. Greimas became an eminent theoretician in exile, having established a world-famous school of semiotics in Paris. A large number of Lithuanian scholars worked in this field in Lithuania and abroad (J. Ambrazevičius-Brazaitis, Rimvydas Šilbajoris, Vytautas Kavolis, Bronius Vaškelis, Violeta Kelertienė, Ilona Gražytė-Maziliauskienė, Viktorija Skrupskelytė, Tomas Venclova, Vanda Zaborskaitė, Kęstutis Nastopka, Albertas Zalatorius, Vytautas Kubilius, Viktorija Daujotytė, Irena Kostkevičiūtė), but except for the Greimas Paris School of Semiotics, which created its own field, literary theories had mostly a practical and educational impact on interpretations of Lithuanian disciplines.
After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990, the renewal of literary theory reached its peak that lasted for about two decades. The J. Greimas Semiotics Studies and Research Centre (now the A. J. Greimas Centre for Semiotics and Literary Theory) was established at Vilnius University in 1992, books written by A. J. Greimas were translated into Lithuanian and the publishing of academic journals “Semiotika” and “Baltos lankos” started. The so-called second wave of postmodern theories (intertextuality, narratology, feminism, postcolonialism, sociology, anthropology, new historicism deconstruc tion, reader response) has attracted the attention of literary scholars, bringing discussions about literature back to the fields of history, culture and politics (Nijolė Keršytė, Paulius Subačius, Irina Melnikova, Marijus Šidlauskas, Birutė Meržvinskaitė, Eugenijus Ališanka). Theories have updated the concepts and vocabulary of literary studies and reading strategies and helped literary scholars integrate themselves into international research more successfully. Along with the hermeneutics of trust, the hermeneutics of suspicion – questioning and complicating interpretations and identities of all texts, was taking an increasingly important place in Lithuanian literary research. Nevertheless, at this time the strengthened position of post-theoretical criticism cannot be anti-theoretical, ignoring the entire heritage of the 20th century.
Own body experience and parents' attitudes perceived retrospectively in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Bielecka Urszula , Schier Katarzyna , Hardt Jochen 
Published: July 2020

Cel pracyCelem badania było poszukiwanie związków pomiędzy psychicznymi reprezentacjami ciała (obrazem ciała, schematem ciała i poczuciem ciała) a retrospektywnie postrzeganymi postawami rodziców u pacjentów z zespołem jelita drażliwego.MetodaW badaniu udział wzięły 184 osoby dorosłe w wieku od 18 do 64 lat, w tym pacjenci z rozpoznaniem zespołu jelita drażliwego (IBS; N = 63), pacjenci z zapalnymi chorobami jelit (IBD; N = 60) oraz osoby zdrowe (N = 61). Badani uzupełniali Baterię Testów do Badania Reprezentacji Ja Cielesnego (B. Mirucka) oraz Kwestionariusz Dzieciństwa (J. Hardt, U.T. Egle i A. Engfer).Wyniki1. Pacjenci z IBS charakteryzują się słabiej rozwiniętymi reprezentacjami schematu ciała, obrazu ciała i poczucia ciała w porównaniu do osób zdrowych oraz niżej zorganizowanym schematem ciała i poczuciem ciała w porównaniu do pacjentów z IBD. 2. Pacjenci z IBS w zbliżony sposób do pacjentów z IBD i osób zdrowych opisują postawę swoich matek w okresie dzieciństwa. W porównaniu do osób zdrowych pacjenci z IBS przeżywają swoich ojców jako istotnie mniej ich kochających. 3. W grupie pacjentów z IBS występują związki między poczuciem ciała a retrospektywnie postrzeganą postawą miłości i kontroli ze strony tak matki jak i ojca.WnioskiPacjenci z zespołem jelita drażliwego prezentują niżej zorganizowane reprezentacje psychiczne ciała niż osoby zdrowe i pacjenci z zapalnymi chorobami jelit. W funkcjonowaniu psychospołecznym osób cierpiących na zespół jelita drażliwego ważna jest zwłaszcza reprezentacja poczucia ciała. Specyfika relacji z rodzicami w dzieciństwie u pacjentów z zespołem jelita drażliwego wydaje się znacząca, wymaga dalszych badań.
Insights into the association between smoking and obesity: the 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey
Authors: Nawawi Yusuf Syaeful , Hasan Afsheen , Salawati Liza , Husnah  , Widiastuti  
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND Various findings on the relationship between smoking and obesity have been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking behavior and obesity in the Indonesian adult population.
METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey. A body mass index of ≥25 kg/m² was employed to define obesity. Smoking behavior was assessed in terms of smoking status and its attributes. The potential confounders of gender, age, education, residential environment, economic status, physical activity, and education level were adjusted using logistic regression.
RESULTS Study subjects were 28,949 adults aged ≥20 years. Current smoking was a protective factor of obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48–0.58), whereas previous smoking habit showed no association with obesity (aOR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.84–1.09). The risk of current smokers having obesity was lower than that of nonsmokers as smoking duration increased (aOR = 0.46–0.63). By contrast, the risk of obesity was relatively higher among former smokers than current smokers as the duration of quitting increased (aOR = 1.46–2.20). Heavy smokers had a higher risk of obesity than light smokers among former (aOR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.27– 2.67) and current smokers (aOR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.23–1.65).
CONCLUSIONS Overall, smoking negatively affected obesity among the Indonesian adult population. By contrast, quitting smoking was associated with an increased risk of obesity. Thus, weight management along with smoking cessation intervention should be prescribed.
Pump depletion in parametric down-conversion with low pump energies
Authors: Flórez Jefferson , Lundeen Jeff S. , Chekhova Maria V. 
Published: July 2020

We report the efficient generation of high-gain parametric down-conversion, including pump depletion, with pump powers as low as 100 µW (energies 0.1 µJ/pulse) and conversion efficiencies up to 33%. In our simple configuration, the pump beam is tightly focused into a bulk periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in free space. We also observe a change in the photon number statistics for both the pump and down-converted beams as the pump power increases to reach the depleted pump regime. The experimental results are a clear signature of the interplay between the pump and the down-converted beams in highly efficient parametric down-conversion sources.
Cascaded telecom fiber enabled high-order random fiber laser beyond zero-dispersion wavelength
Authors: Zhang Yang , Xu Jiangming , Ye Jun , Ma Xiaoya , Song Jiaxin , Yao Tianfu , Zhou Pu 
Published: July 2020

Four-wave mixing induced spectral broadening near the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of the fiber is a bottleneck factor that limits the further wavelength extending in cascaded random fiber lasers (RFLs). In this Letter, we successfully suppress the spectral broadening near the ZDW of the fiber in the cascaded RFL by simply combining two kinds of commercial telecom fibers with different ZDWs, G655C fiber with ZDW around 1.52 µm and G652D fiber with ZDW around 1.31 µm. As a result, an 8th order Stokes light component at 1721 nm with a maximum output power of 2.1 W and a spectral purity of 96.94% is realized in this telecom-fiber-based cascaded RFL. This work provides a reference of nonlinear effect management in fiber lasers as well as affords a cost-effective way with great potential of realizing high-power widely tunable fiber lasers.
Femtosecond laser direct-written fiber Bragg gratings with high reflectivity and low loss at wavelengths beyond 4 µm
Authors: Bharathan Gayathri , Fernandez Toney Teddy , Ams Martin , Carrée Jean-Yves , Poulain Samuel , Poulain Marcel , Fuerbach Alex 
Published: July 2020

We report on the fabrication of, to the best of our knowledge, the first highly reflective fiber Bragg gratings for the 4 µm wavelength range. A second-order grating with a coupling coefficient (

κ

) of

230

m

−
1

, losses

<

0.25

d
B

/

c
m

, and a bandwidth of approximately 3 nm was inscribed into the core of a passive indium fluoride (

I
n
F

3

) fiber using a femtosecond (fs) laser. Thermal annealing of this grating at a temperature of 150°C for 90 min resulted in the enhancement of

κ

to

275

m

−
1

. Further, we show that

I
n
F

3

fibers respond very differently to irradiation with fs laser pulses as compared to ZBLAN fibers and that this difference manifests itself in a significantly larger process window for inscription and in the formation of a more complex refractive index profile that is believed to be caused by the larger nonlinearity of

I
n
F

3

. This Letter paves the way to the development of new wavelength stabilized all-fiber mid-infrared lasers beyond 4 µm.
Circularly polarized vacuum ultraviolet coherent light generation using a square lattice photonic crystal nanomembrane
Authors: Konishi Kuniaki , Akai Daisuke , Mita Yoshio , Ishida Makoto , Yumoto Junji , Kuwata-Gonokami Makoto 
Published: July 2020

Circularly polarized light in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region is important for probing the structural and electronic properties of matter. Moreover, a circularly polarized VUV coherent light enables one to observe the dynamics of biomolecules and electron spins in solids. The development of a table-top technology to directly generate circularly polarized VUV coherent light is of great value, owing to the limitation of polarization control elements for the VUV region. However, solid-state nonlinear media for this purpose, which simplifies the setup, have not been presented. Here, we demonstrate a solid-based method for the direct generation of circularly polarized VUV coherent light using third-harmonic generation in a dielectric square lattice photonic crystal nanomembrane (PCN). We found that the waveguide resonance of PCN with fourfold rotational symmetry, irradiated by a circularly polarized fundamental beam, generates circularly polarized third harmonic at 157 nm with sufficient intensity for VUV spectroscopic applications. The presented results suggest the possibility that the PCN can be used as a practical nonlinear medium for circularly polarized coherent VUV generation.
Evaluation of the apical microleakage of MTA Fillapex, AH26, and Endofill sealers
Authors: Galledar Saeedeh , Farhang Robab , Abazari Malek , Negahdar Parisa 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Proper apical seal plays an important role in the success of root canal treatment. The most common cause of failure of root canal therapy is known as the lack of adequate apical seal. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the apical microleakage of MTA Fillapex, , and Endofill sealers using dye penetration method. Material and Methods: In this in vitro study, 72 single-rooted extracted human teeth were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 20 and two positive and negative control groups of 6. The canals were prepared by step-back technique and then filled with gutta-percha and one of the sealers mentioned. In the positive control group, the canals were filled with gutta-percha without sealer, and in the negative control group, the canals were prepared but not filled. The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. The teeth were then cut longitudinally and the level of dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 19 software, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results: The mean level of dye penetration in the Endofill test group was significantly higher than that in the and MTA Fillapex test groups. While, the observed difference between and MTA Fillapex groups was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that and MTA Fillapex sealers did not show any significant difference in apical seal properties. However, their sealing strength was significantly greater than Endofill sealer.KeywordsAH26 sealer; Endofill; MTA Fillapex; Microleakag
Assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases using dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT): a systematic review
Authors: Shetty Shishir Ram , Reddy Sesha , Abdelmagyd Hossam Abdelatty , Marei Hesham , Shetty Raghavendra , Elsayed Walid Shaaban 
Published: July 2020

The advent of CBCT has contributed significantly to dental imaging. In the field of periodontics, CBCT provides a multiplanar view to assess the alveolar bone in three dimensions. This helps the dentist to make measurements at any location that could significantly improve periodontal diagnosis. Objective- The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the accuracy of using CBCT in the assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods- PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for literature related to the application of CBCT in periodontal diseases. Keywords used for the search were CBCT, furcation involvement, measurement and their synonyms. Results-Fifteen full-text English language research papers were eligible for the systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. Conclusion- From the results of the systematic review it can be conclude that cone-beam computed tomography imaging technique offers significantly reliable images of the furcation involvement and height of the alveolar bone.KeywordsCone Beam Computed tomography, furcation defects, alveolar bone loss