bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Internal Cross-Linked Polymeric Nanoparticle with Dual Sensitivity for Combination Therapy of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhu Guanchen , Wang Kaikai , Qin Haixiang , Zhao Xiaozhi , Chen Wei , Xu Linfeng , Cao Wenming , Guo Hongqian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chemotherapy is an emerging effective treatment for cancer. However, one of the reasons why chemotherapy has a limited therapeutic effect in bladder cancer is that higher levels of glutathione in invasive bladder cancer cells. We have fabricated nanoparticles that sensitive to high concentrations of glutathione and near-infrared laser irradiation, which increases the drug accumulation at the tumor site and combines chemotherapy with photothermal therapy to overcome the challenges of bladder cancer treatment.Methods: The DOX&IR780@PEG-PCL-SS NPs were prepared by co-precipitation method. We investigated the tumor targeting of NPs in vitro and in vivo. The orthotopic bladder cancer model in C57BL/6 mice was established for in vivo study and photothermal effect of NPs were demonstrated. Therapeutic efficacy of NPs for bladder cancer was evaluated.Results: The DOX&IR780@PEG-PCL-SS NPs we synthesized use internal cross-linking strategy to increase the stability of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be ingested by tumor cells in a short time. The DOX&IR780@PEG-PCL-SS NPs have dual sensitivity to high levels of glutathione in bladder cancer cells and near-infrared laser irradiation. Glutathione triggers chemical structural changes in nanoparticles and preliminarily releases drugs, Near-infrared laser irradiation can promote the complete release of the drug from the nanoparticles, producing a photothermal effect and further killing the tumor cells. Given the excellent tumor-targeting ability and negligible toxicity, DOX&IR780@PEG-PCL-SS NPs can greatly increase the concentration of drugs in tumor cells. The mice in the experimental group can be found to have a significant reduction in tumor volume. The DOX&IR780@PEG-PCL-SS NPs can be tracked by small animal imaging and have good imaging results, to facilitate our assessment during the experiment.Conclusion: A dual sensitivity to glutathione and near-infrared laser irradiation. Long-circulating nanoparticle was developed for delivering IR780 and DOX, which could achieve NIR laser-controlled drug release and imaging guidance for chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy of both primary bladder cancer and their metastases.
Metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) promotes the metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via EIF4E-Twist feedback loop
Authors: Dai Suli , Wei Sisi , Zhang Cong , Li Xiaoya , Liu Yueping , Ma Ming , Lv Huilai , Zhao Lianmei , Shan Baoen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) is frequently amplified in many types of cancers. However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of MTA2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)remain unknown.
Methods

The expression of MTA2 in ESCC tissues and cell lines was detected by RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. MTS and colony formation were used to analyze proliferation of ESCC cells. Transwell and wound healing assay were utilized to analyze ESCC cells migration and invasion. Xenograft experiments were used to analyze tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Immunofluorescence was applied to test the influence of MTA2 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Microarray was used to test the interaction between MTA2 and EIF4E.Co- Immunoprecipitation(Co-IP) and Chromatin Immunoprecipi- tation (ChIP) assay were utilized to detect the occupation of MTA2 and Twist in the promoter region of E-cadherin.
Results

MTA2 was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines. The upregulation of MTA2 in ESCC was correlated with malignant characteristics and poor survival probability of patients with ESCC. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that MTA2 significantly promoted ESCC growth, metastasis and EMT progression. Mechanistically, MTA2 could interact with EIF4E, which positively regulated the expression of Twist, and subsequently promote the malignant progression of ESCC. Moreover, the result of ChIP revealed that MTA2 was recruited to the promoter of E-cadherin by Twist to repress the transcription of E-cadherin.
Conclusion

MTA2 plays an aggressive role in ESCC metastasis by a novel EIF4E-Twist positive feedback loop, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for the management of ESCC.
Homodimerized GLP-1R agonists produce better efficacy in hypoglycemic effect or/and pancreatic protection in T2D models
Authors: Zhang Xu-Dong , Luo Qun , Tan Hong-Mei , Zhou| Xiao-Ying , He Qi-Ding , Liu Hui , Tang Jing-Xuan , Dong Yu-Xia , Liu Tao , Zhai Fu-Min , Tang Song-Shan , Huang Xin-Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The authors have removed this preprint from Research Square.
Heterogeneity of antidiabetic treatment effect on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: D'Andrea Elvira , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Franklin Jessica M. , Jung Emily , Hey Spencer Phillips , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
We explored whether clinically relevant baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes can modify the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
Methods
We investigated Medline and EMBASE through June 2019. We included randomized clinical trials reporting the effect of GLP-1 RA or SGLT-2i on MACE in subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes, identified through key baseline factors: established cardiovascular disease; heart failure; chronic kidney disease; uncontrolled diabetes; duration of diabetes; hypertension; obesity; age; gender and race. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from trials were meta-analyzed using random-effects models.
Results
Nine trials enrolling 87,143 patients were included in the analyses. Subgroup meta-analyses showed a 14% risk reduction of MACE in patients with established cardiovascular disease [GLP1-RA: HR, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79–0.94); SGLT-2i: 0.86 (0.80–0.93)], and no effect in at-risk patients without history of cardiovascular events [GLP1-RA: 0.95 (0.83–1.08); SGLT-2i: 1.00 (0.87–1.16)]. We observed a trend toward larger treatment benefits with SGLT-2i among patients with chronic kidney disease [0.82 (0.69–0.97)], and patients with uncontrolled diabetes for both GLP1-RA or SGLT-2i [GLP1-RA: 0.82 (0.71–0.95); SGLT-2i: 0.84 (0.75–0.95)]. Uncontrolled hypertension, obesity, gender, age and race did not appear to modify the effect of these drugs.
Conclusions
In this exploratory analysis, history of cardiovascular disease appeared to modify the treatment effect of SGLT2i or GLP1-RA on MACE. Chronic kidney disease and uncontrolled diabetes should be further investigated as potential effect modifiers.
Gis-based Gully Erosion Susceptibility Modelling, Adapting Bivariate Statistical Method and Ahp Approach in Gombe Town and Environs Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Igwe Ogbonnaya , Ugwuoke Ikechukwu John , Solomon Onwuka , Obinna Ozioko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Gully erosion is a major environmental problem in Gombe town, large area of land is becoming unsuitable for human settlement, hence the need for gully erosion susceptibility map of the study area.To generate gully inventory map, detailed field exercise was carried out, during this investigation one hundred gullies were identified and studied extensively within the study area of about 550 km2. In addition to the mapped gullies, Google EarthPro with high resolution imagery was used to locate the spatial extents of fifty (50) more gullies. Ten gully erosion predisposing factors were carefully selected considering the information obtained from literature, and multiple field survey of the study area, the factors include: elevation, slope angle, curvature, aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI),soil texture, geology, drainage buffer, road buffer and landuse.In this study, a GIS-based Frequency Ratio (FR) and Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) models were employed to predict areas prone to gully erosion in Gombe town and environs.The result obtained from FR shows that drainage, soil texture and slope have highest correlation with gully occurrence, while AHP modelrevealed that drainage buffer, soil texture, geology have high correlation with the formation of gully. Gully erosion susceptibility maps (GESM) were produced and reclassified into very high, high, moderate and low zones.The overall accuracies of both models weretested by means of area under curve(AUC) values and gully density distribution. FR and AHP model have AUC values of 0.73 and 0.72 respectively, the outcome indicates that both models have high prediction accuracy. The gully erosion density distribution values revealed that gullies are concentrated in the very high susceptibility class and it decreases towards the low class, Therefore the GESM produced using these models in this study area is reliable and can be used for land management and future planning
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale to Nepali language: A Methodological Study
Authors: Adhikari Shambhu Prasad , Dev Rubee , Shrestha Jayana N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) is a commonly used outcome tool, which helps to identify the adherence rate of exercises and reasons for adherence and non-adherence. There is no evidence of availability of any measurement tools to assess exercise adherence in Nepalese context and cultural background. Therefore, we conducted a cross-cultural adaptation of the EARS in to Nepali language and investigated its reliability and validity.Methods Cross-cultural adaptation of the EARS was done based on Beaton guidelines. Psychometric properties were evaluated among 18 participants aged 18 years or older with pre-diabetes or confirmed diagnosis of any disease who were prescribed with home exercises by physiotherapists. Any disease that limited participants from doing exercise and individuals unwilling to participate were excluded. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency, using the Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed to explore construct validity and confirm its unidimensionality. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed to identify cut-off score, sensitivity and specificity of the tool.Results The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 for EARS-adherence behavior. The EFA of 6-items adherence behavior revealed the presence of one factor with an eigenvalue exceeding one. The scree-plot suggested for extraction of only one factor with strong loading (75.84%). The Area Under the Curve was 0.91 with 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 1.00 at p = 0.004. The cutoff score was found 17.5 with 89% sensitivity and 78% specificity.Conclusions The EARS was cross-culturally adapted to Nepali language. The reliability and construct validity of the Nepali version of the EARS were acceptable to assess exercise adherence in Nepali-speaking individuals. This validated tool might facilitate the evaluation of exercise related interventions. Future studies could investigate other psychometric properties of the Nepali EARS.
Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Talangai Health District, Congo: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
Authors: WOROMOGO SYLVAIN HONORE , Elenga Marie Binelvie Onday , Moussa Félicité Emma Yagata , ANTAON Jesse St Saba , TEBEU PIERRE MARIE 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives The objective of the study is to assess mothers' knowledge, attitudes and practices of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the aim of improving the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. Study design An analytical knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) study about EBF on mothers of children aged 0-6 months was conducted. Methods Using SCHWARTZ formula, 362 mothers were included. The practice of EBF was determined based on a 24-h recall. The main variables studied were the socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers, their knowledge, attitudes and practices on EBF based on WHO recommendations A logistic regression analysis was performed and the odds ratio were calculated with 95% confidence interval. Results The prevalence of EBF among infants 0–6 months old was 33.9%. Mothers' knowledge, attitudes and practices were unsatisfactory (78.4%), favourable (79.5%) and bad (67.2%) respectively. Factors associated with satisfactory knowledge were being a public official [OR: 3.18 (1.39-7.28)] and or multiparous, [OR: 2.25 (1.23-4.11)]. Mothers who had a satisfactory knowledge had a higher rating of having good practices on EBF. Conclusions Factors related to good knowledge among mothers are multiparity, age and being a civil servant. Promoters’EBF must target mothers in all sectors of activity and even in the community by sensitizing them on the subject.
The Influence of Between and Within-group Variance on Recurrent Miscarriage in Ghana
Authors: Chireh Batholomew , Essien Samuel Kwaku , Melese Kidest Getu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Recurrent miscarriage is a spontaneous loss of two or more pregnancies. It is a major global reproductive public health problem and the least researched in Ghana. There is an urgent need to move from more individualized and genetic risk factors that may be culturally inappropriate to assess and explore the influence of socio-ecological or contextual factors on recurrent miscarriage in Ghana. This study explored the between and within-group variance of zonal, regional, cluster, and household as well as the influence of selected socio-demographic characteristics on recurrent miscarriage.Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2017 cross-sectional demographic health survey data (25,062 women) in their reproductive ages (15-49 years) in Ghana. Data were collected from zones (3), regions (10), clusters (900), and households (27000). A logistic regression: Mixed effect model was used. Random effects were used to estimate the between and within groups differences in recurrent miscarriage. The fixed effects of selected socio-demographic variables were also assessed.Results: We found that cluster differences in recurrent miscarriage risk were more prominent compared to zonal, regional, and household. There was higher variability in recurrent miscarriage among women in the same household, cluster, and region compared to those from different households in the same cluster or those from different clusters in the same region and household. In the fixed-effects model, the odds of recurrent miscarriage were 1.54 times (95% CI=1.16-2.03) higher among urban dwellers than rural dwellers. Increasing maternal age was significantly associated with recurrent miscarriage (p=0.0001). There was a direction association between educational level and recurrent miscarriage. Insignificant protective factors of partner support and access to first-trimester antenatal care visits were also found.Conclusion: Differences in recurrent miscarriage risk exist at the contextual level and should be the focus of public health prevention efforts. Our key finding highlights the need to contextualize and localize recurrent miscarriage risk reduction efforts if interventions to reduce recurrent miscarriage in women with a history of unexplained pregnancy loss are to be successful in Ghana.
The effects of exercise and low-calorie diets compared with low-calorie diets alone on health: a protocol for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Beigrezaei Sara , Yazdanpanah Zeinab , Soltani Sepideh , Rajaei Seiedeh Hamideh , Mohseni-Takalloo Sahar , Zohrabi Tayebeh , Kaviani Mojtaba , Forbes Scott C. , Baker Julien S. , Salehi-Abargouei Amin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Exercise and weight loss diets are two independent non-pharmaceutical strategies known to improve several aspects of body composition and health. We plan to systematically review randomized controlled trials investigating weight loss diets alone compared to weight loss diets in conjunction with exercise on energy intake, body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, sex hormones, and mental health. Methods and analysis: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI (Web of sciences), Scopus, and Google Scholar will be searched to retrieve potential controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of exercise in conjunction with weight-loss diets compared with weight-loss diets alone on energy intake, body weight and composition (fat mass, fat-free mass), anthropometrics (waist circumference), cardiometabolic markers, sex hormones [testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)], liver and kidney enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), quality of life, and depression in adults will be included. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be derived using the random effects model. Several subgroup analyses such as gender, age, BMI, exercise protocol, and diet used for weight loss will be conducted to explore possible sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be explored by inspecting funnel plots and by conducting asymmetry tests. Overall quality of the evidence will be assessed by using the NutriGrade scoring system, which is designed to judge the overall quality of meta-analyses of clinical trials conducted in the field of nutrition. Discussion: This proposed systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effects of a low-calorie diet with low-calorie diet plus exercise on the risk factors for chronic diseases. We hope this systematic review and meta-analysis will provide valuable information regarding the values which exercise add to weight-loss diets. No primary data are going to be collected; therefore, ethical approval is not required. The resulting manuscripts will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at international and local conferences. Systematic review registration: This protocol in being considered for registration in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).
Biomechanical Comparison of Three Kinds of Minimally Invasive Internal Fixation in the Treatment of Pelvic Bilateral Anterior Ring Fractures
Authors: Zhao Yong , Ma Yupeng , Zou Dexin , Sun Xiujiang , Cheng Gong , Lian Wei , Dong Shengjie , Zhao Yuchi , Qu Wenqing , Wu Hao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
[Objective] To compare the mechanical characteristics of percutaneous long plate, percutaneous pubic superioris intramedullary screw and percutaneous pelvic anterior screw-rod system for the treatment of bilateral vertical pubic fractures to provide reference for clinical application. [Methods] A finite element model of pelvic anterior ring injury (bilateral vertical pubic fracture) was produced. The fractures were fixed with percutaneous long plate, percutaneous pubic superioris intramedullary screw, percutaneous pelvic anterior screw-rod system and their combination in 5 types of models. The fracture stability under vertical, bilateral and anterior-posterior load were quantified and compared based on the displacement of the hip joints’ midpoint as quantificational index of fracture stability. [Results] In condition of bilateral and anterior-posterior load, the vertical, bilateral and anterior-posterior displacement of the hip joints’ midpoint of different models were significantly different respectively. In general, the displacement of the 5 pelvic anterior ring fixation models were ranked from maximum to minimum as follows: long plate, pelvic anterior screw-rod system, combination of long plate and pelvic anterior screw-rod system, pubic superioris intramedullary screw and combination of pubic superioris intramedullary screw and pelvic anterior screw-rod system. [Conclusion] For the fixation in bilateral pubic fractures of pelvic injury, the percutaneous pubic superioris intramedullary screw was optimal, percutaneous pelvic anterior screw-rod system was the second choice, and percutaneous long plate ranked the third. The percutaneous pelvic anterior screw-rod system can significantly increase fixation stability of the percutaneous pubic superioris intramedullary screw and the percutaneous long plate.
Factors determining the choice of a career in geriatrics among students in geriatric in-hospital training: a single-center prospective study of 74 students
Authors: Nuss Valentine , Barben Jérémy , Laborde Caroline , Vovelle Jérémie , Deidda Martha , Mihai Anca-Maria , Putot Alain , Manckoundia Patrick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To understand the reasons for the lack of attractiveness of the Diploma of Specialized Studies (DSS) in Geriatrics (DSSG), we conducted a study to identify the factors influencing medical students’ choice of their future specialty. In addition, we assessed the impact of in-hospital training (IHT) in the departments of our geriatric center on the students’ choice of their future specialty.Methods: We included all students who passed an IHT course in the geriatric center of our university hospital between 1 May 2018 and 31 October 2018. The data were collected using a questionnaire in two parts: one given before the IHT and the other after. The students were classified into two groups: those considering a career in geriatrics before IHT (GDSSG+) and those not considering it (GDSSG−). Results: Seventy-four students, aged a mean 22 years, were included. Of these students, 26%, were considering the possibility of a career in geriatrics before the IHT course (GDSSG+). This rate significantly increased to 42% after IHT (p=0.04). However, none of the students in GDSSG+ preselected geriatrics as their first option; general medicine was the most frequent option.For more than 92% of the students, the comprehensive care of geriatric patients was an asset. The main drawbacks were diagnostic and therapeutic limitations for 60% of the students, and managing aging, disability, and major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD) for 55%. After IHT, the view of geriatrics improved by 74%.Conclusion: Geriatric IHT improves students' opinions of geriatrics and significantly increases the number of students considering a potential career in geriatrics. However, geriatrics still suffers from a lack of prestige.