bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Troubling Territories: Discomfort in Co‐Construction
Authors: Gregory Peter , March Claire 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Valuing Voices project (funded by Paul Hamlyn Foundation) offered an opportunity to reconsider the territorial boundaries of learning in the arts by a group of teachers, artists, pupils and university lecturers. This article will consider the importance of the troubling or discomfort exposed within the processes of learning over the life of the project (before it was paused due to the 2020 CO‐VID 19 pandemic). There is considerable interest in defining zones of discomfort as a means of understanding the importance of resilience and determination in learning. Much of this stems from the work of Vygotsky, who described zones of proximal development. His work has subsequently been applied to learning activities in general and his particular interest in learning in art has been overlooked. Paul Hamlyn Foundation recognised the challenges of developing effective teachers of art and wanted to provoke some alternative opportunities by funding a number of projects across the UK. Valuing Voices was one of these which grew from an existing alliance of schools (catering for a range of additional needs), a number of artists (visual, sound and movement) who had previously only worked in mainstream educational settings and university staff specialising in art education. An earlier project had facilitated some dialogue within their traditional roles, but Valuing Voices set out to explore something more challenging as everyone involved became part of a co‐construction team. Much is written about the processes of collaboration, teamwork, communities of practice and related models of multiple learners operating together. This article sets out the additional lessons learned by all Valuing Voices participants occupying the zone of learning originally described by Vygotsky, where there was no ‘knowledgeable other’ to enable and further the learning process and all must deal with feelings of inadequacies and immense uncertainties. This was produced in recognition that little literature has been published on the process of co‐construction itself. The structure adopted here sets out the issues, the development of the two‐year project and the emotional and cognitive aspects explored along the way.
Personality‐dependent inter‐ and intraspecific foraging competition in the invasive round goby, Neogobius melanostomus
Authors: Ericsson Philip , Persson Anders , Behrens Jane W. , Brodin Tomas , Hirsch Philipp Emanuel , Sundelin Anna , van Deurs Mikael , von Friesen Lisa W. , Nilsson P. Anders 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examines the impact of boldness on foraging competition of the highly invasive round goby Neogobius melanostomus Pallas 1815. Individual risk tolerance, or boldness, was measured as the time to resume movement after a simulated predation strike. Fish that resumed movement faster were categorized as “bold,” fish that took more time to resume movement were categorized as “shy” and those that fell in between these two categories were determined to have “intermediate” boldness. Competitive impacts of boldness in N. melanostomus were determined in a laboratory foraging experiment in which interspecific (juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758) and intraspecific (intermediate N. melanostomus) individuals were exposed to either bold or shy N. melanostomus competitors. G. morhua consumed fewer prey when competing with bold N. melanostomus than when competing with shy N. melanostomus, whereas intermediately bold N. melanostomus foraging was not affected by competitor boldness. Bold and shy N. melanostomus consumed similar amounts of prey, and the number of interactions between paired fish did not vary depending on the personality of N. melanostomus individuals. Therefore, intraspecific foraging competition was not found to be personality dependent. This study provides evidence that individual differences in boldness can mediate competitive interactions in N. melanostomus; nonetheless, results also show that competition is also governed by other mechanisms that require further study.
Recumbent folding in the Upper Cretaceous Eaux‐Chaudes massif: A Helvetic‐type nappe in the Pyrenees?
Authors: Caldera Norbert , Teixell Antonio , Griera Albert , Labaume Pierre , Lahfid Abdeltif 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe describe a singular structure in Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Eaux‐Chaudes massif of the western Pyrenees, consisting of a kilometre‐scale fold nappe with a sheared overturned limb. High ductile strain attests a deformation style rarely reported for the alpine Pyrenees, and peak temperature in Upper Cretaceous carbonates is estimated by Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material palaeothermometry in the lower greenschist facies (>300°C). The normal fold limb retains the original sedimentary textures, while the overturned limb shows calcite crystal‐plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization, with crystallographic preferred orientation. The observed ductility and metamorphic temperature bear similarities with the lower Helvetic nappes of the Alps, suggesting deep burial and/or possibly high geothermal gradient in this part of the Pyrenees.
Cryopreservation of buffy coat derived platelets: Paired in vitro characterization using uncontrolled versus controlled freezing rate protocols
Authors: Tynngård Nahreen , Bell Alice , Gryfelt Gunilla , Cvetkovic Stefan , Wikman Agneta , Uhlin Michael , Sandgren Per 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCryopreserved platelets show a reduced recovery and viability after freezing and thawing including several ultrastructural and phenotypic deteriorations compared with liquid‐stored platelets. It is suggested that using Controlled‐Rate Freezing (CRF) can reduce variability and optimize the functionality profile for cells. The objective of the study is to compare cellular, metabolic, phenotypic and functional effects on platelets after cryopreservation using different freezing rate protocols.Study Design and MethodsTo evaluate the possible effects of different freezing rate protocols a two‐experimental study comparing diverse combinations was tested with a pool and split design. Uncontrolled freezing of platelets in materials with different thermal conductivity (metal vs cardboard) was evaluated in experiment 1. Experiment 2 evaluated uncontrolled vs a controlled‐rate freezing protocol in metal boxes. All variables were assessed pre and post cryopreservation.ResultsDirectly after thawing, no major differences in platelet recovery, LDH, ATP, Δψ, CD62P, CD42b, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule and sCD40L were seen between units frozen with different thermal conductivity for temperature. In contrast, we observed signs of increased activation after freezing using the CRF protocol, reflected by increased cell surface expression of CD62P, PAC‐1 binding and increased concentration of LDH. Agonist induced expression of a conformational epitope on the GPIIb/IIIa complex and contribution to blood coagulation in an experimental rotational thromboelastometry setup were not statistically different between the groups.ConclusionThe use of a uncontrolled freezing rate protocol is feasible, creating a platelet product comparable to using a controlled rate freezing equipment during cryopreservation of platelets.
Classification and Comparison of Mechanical Design of Powered Ankle–Foot Prostheses for Transtibial Amputees Developed in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Abu Osman Noor Azuan , Al Kouzbary Mouaz , Al Kouzbary Hamza , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar , Shasmin Hanie Nadia , Arifin Nooranida 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A systematic review of the mechanical design of powered ankle–foot prostheses developed from 2000 to 2019 was conducted through database and manual searches. A total of ten English and two Chinese databases were searched using the same keywords. Moreover, information on commercialized prostheses was collected through a manual search. A total of 8729 publications were obtained from the database search, and 83 supplementary publications and 49 online product introductions were accumulated through the manual search. A total of 91 powered ankle–foot prostheses were extracted from 159 publications and online information after exclusion. The mechanical design characteristics of the prostheses were described briefly and compared after they were categorized into 11 subclassifications. This review revealed that a considerable number of powered ankle–foot prostheses were developed in the last 20 years. The development of such prostheses was characterized by alternative modes, that is, from pneumatic or hydraulic drivers to motorized drivers and from rigid transmissions to elastic actuators. This review contributes to the comprehensive understanding of current designs, which can benefit the combination of the advantages of and redundancy avoidance in future powered ankle–foot prostheses.
Material Properties of the Medial Elbow During Passive Valgus and Self-Initiated Varus Torques
Authors: Diefenbach Brian J. , Kulas Anthony S. , Curran Christopher J. , Rider Patrick M. 
Published: December 2020

Shear wave elastography imaging of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is used to help understand changes in material properties of the ligament. Ensuring that the wrist flexors are relaxed is essential as muscle contractions can alter the alignment of the medial elbow. The purpose of this study was to determine how the structural and material properties of the medial elbow respond to various elbow torques. The medial elbows of 20 healthy adults, free from upper extremity disorders, were imaged in 3 of the following torque conditions: (1) neutral relaxed, (2) passive valgus, and (3) active varus. Structural properties (ulnohumeral gap and UCL length) using B-mode and material properties (UCL and flexor muscle stiffness) using shear wave were measured. Passive valgus torque opened the ulnohumeral gap (P < .001), and increased UCL (P < .001) and wrist flexor stiffness (P = .001), compared with the neutral condition. Under an active varus contraction, the gap returned back to the neutral position, but UCL (P < .008) and wrist flexor stiffness (P < .004) remained elevated compared with neutral, meaning low-intensity torques can influence structural and material properties of the medial elbow. Therefore, effort should be taken to minimize muscle activation during imaging in order to accurately measure medial elbow properties.
Long-lived seamount subduction in ancient orogens: Evidence from the Paleozoic South Tianshan
Authors: Wan Bo , Wang Xinshui , Liu Xijun , Cai Keda , Xiao Wenjiao , Mitchell Ross N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlong the present-day circum-Pacific subduction girdle, seamount subduction is known to have significant effects on subduction dynamics including on seismicity and arc magmatism. Because seamount subduction should have occurred throughout much of Earth history, its effects on orogenesis in the overriding plate should be identifiable in ancient orogens. In this study, we investigate the Paleozoic South Tianshan orogen of Central Asia, for which abundant evidence of seamount subduction exists, further bolstered by the continuation of a long-lived plume-induced large igneous province on the subsequently accreted Tarim craton. We find that semi-continuous seamount subduction from ca. 400 to 330 Ma temporarily shut down arc magmatism, and once the seamounts were completely subducted, then arc magmatism resumed and eclogites were quickly exhumed. If such an orogenic fingerprint of seamount subduction can be identified in ancient orogens, a much more complete picture of plume-subduction interaction and its influence on both crustal and mantle processes can be developed.
Realistic GUT Yukawa couplings from a random clockwork model
Authors: von Gersdorff Gero 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present realistic models of flavor in SU(5) and SO(10) grand unified theories (GUTs). The models are renormalizable and do not require any exotic representations in order to accommodate the necessary GUT breaking effects in the Yukawa couplings. They are based on a simple clockwork Lagrangian whose structure is enforced with just two (one) vectorlike U(1) symmetries in the case of SU(5) and SO(10) respectively. The inter-generational hierarchies arise spontaneously from products of matrices with order one random entries.
Modifiable determinants for the success or failure of inter-physician collaboration in group practices in Germany - a qualitative study
Authors: Weinmayr Lisa-Marie , Zwierlein Ruben , Steinhäuser Jost 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundA growing demand for physicians exists worldwide. Due to political changes, economic incentives and new workplace expectations a trend from single-handed practices to group practices has been noticed in many countries over the last years. In view of this background, our study aimed to identify determinants for success or failure of inter-physician collaboration in order to positively influence future collaboration in anticipation of the important role group practices may play in future health care delivery.MethodsWe chose a qualitative study design, using semi-structured phone interviews to collect data from physicians and non-physician consultants with experience in inter-physician collaboration that were analysed using content analysis. Eleven physicians with experience in collaborative working and fourteen non-physician consultants specializing in advice to health care professionals participated.ResultsEducation in entrepreneurial skills as well as implementation of good practice management in preparation for collaboration are crucial modifiable facilitators for successful inter-physician collaboration. Furthermore, open communication and realistic insight into the mode of acquaintance, moral concept and degree of specialisation of the colleagues involved play major roles for the success of inter-physician collaboration in group practices.ConclusionsThere are several underlying themes beyond clinical expertise concerning success or failure of group practices. To influence future collaboration positively, it is important to focus on management and communication skills as well as to address basic understanding of economics.
Oral rehydration therapies in Senegal, Mali, and Sierra Leone: a spatial analysis of changes over time and implications for policy
Authors: Wiens Kirsten E. , Schaeffer Lauren E. , Sow Samba O. , Ndoye Babacar , Cain Carrie Jo , Baumann Mathew M. , Johnson Kimberly B. , Lindstedt Paulina A. , Blacker Brigette F. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Cormier Natalie M. , Daoud Farah , Earl Lucas , Farag Tamer , Khalil Ibrahim A. , Kinyoki Damaris K. , Larson Heidi J. , LeGrand Kate E. , Cook Aubrey J. , Malta Deborah C. , Månsson Johan C. , Mayala Benjamin K. , Mokdad Ali H. , Ogbuanu Ikechukwu U. , Sankoh Osman , Sartorius Benn , Topor-Madry Roman , Troeger Christopher E. , Welgan Catherine A. , Werdecker Andrea , Hay Simon I. , Reiner Robert C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a simple intervention that can prevent childhood deaths from severe diarrhea and dehydration. In a previous study, we mapped the use of ORS treatment subnationally and found that ORS coverage increased over time, while the use of home-made alternatives or recommended home fluids (RHF) decreased, in many countries. These patterns were particularly striking within Senegal, Mali, and Sierra Leone. It was unclear, however, whether ORS replaced RHF in these locations or if children were left untreated, and if these patterns were associated with health policy changes.

Methods
We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from household surveys to map the percentage of children with diarrhea that received (1) any ORS, (2) only RHF, or (3) no oral rehydration treatment between 2000 and 2018. This approach allowed examination of whether RHF was replaced with ORS before and after interventions, policies, and external events that may have impacted healthcare access.

Results
We found that RHF was replaced with ORS in most Sierra Leone districts, except those most impacted by the Ebola outbreak. In addition, RHF was replaced in northern but not in southern Mali, and RHF was not replaced anywhere in Senegal. In Senegal, there was no statistical evidence that a national policy promoting ORS use was associated with increases in coverage. In Sierra Leone, ORS coverage increased following a national policy change that abolished health costs for children.

Conclusions
Children in parts of Mali and Senegal have been left behind during ORS scale-up. Improved messaging on effective diarrhea treatment and/or increased ORS access such as through reducing treatment costs may be needed to prevent child deaths in these areas.
Does paracetamol improve quality of life, discomfort, pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms in persons with advanced dementia living in long-term care facilities? A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover (Q-PID) trial
Authors: van Dam Paulien H. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Husebo Bettina S. , Caljouw Monique A. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The objectives of this study are to determine the effects of regularly scheduled administration of paracetamol (acetaminophen) on quality of life (QoL), discomfort, pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms of persons with dementia living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs).

Methods
A multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial for 13 weeks (January 2018 to June 2019) in 17 LTCFs across the west of the Netherlands. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 65 years, (advanced) dementia and a moderate to low QoL, independent of the presence of pain (QUALIDEM ≤ 70). Exclusion criteria were the use of regular pain treatment, allergies to the study medication, severe liver disease, use of > 4 units of alcohol/day, weight < 50 kg and/or concomitant use of flucloxacillin. Participants received study medication (paracetamol/placebo) in two periods of 6 weeks each (1 week in between as a wash-out period). Randomisation decided in which order participants received paracetamol and placebo. Primary outcomes included QoL (QUALIDEM) and discomfort (DS-DAT), secondary outcomes included pain (MOBID-2) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI-NH).

Results
Ninety-five LTCF residents (mean age 83.9 years [SD 7.6], 57.9% females) were included. Repeated linear mixed models showed no difference in mean differences of QUALIDEM (paracetamol +1.3 [95% CI -1.0–3.5], placebo +1.5 [95% CI -0.7–3.8]), DS-DAT (paracetamol -0.1 [95% CI -1.4–1.2], placebo 0.6 [95 CI -0.7–1.8]), MOBID-2 (paracetamol 0.0 [95% CI -0.5–0.5], placebo -0.2 [95% CI -0.7–0.3]) and NPI-NH (paracetamol +1.5 [95% CI -2.3–5.4], placebo -2.1 [95% CI -6.0–1.7]) in favour of either paracetamol or placebo.

Conclusions
Compared to placebo, paracetamol showed no positive effect on QoL, discomfort, pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms in persons with advanced dementia with low QoL. It is important to find out more specifically which individual persons with advanced dementia could benefit from pain treatment with paracetamol, and for clinicians to acknowledge that a good assessment, monitoring and multidomain approach is vital for improving QoL in this vulnerable group.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register NTR6766. Trial registration date: 20 October 2017
Linear dark matter density perturbations: A Wigner approach
Authors: Ourabah Kamel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the Newtonian regime, the dynamics of scalar field dark matter is governed by the Schrödinger-Poisson model. In the usual treatment, the model is represented in a hydrodynamic form, by introducing macroscopic quantities such as the density and the average velocity. Here, we discuss an alternative kinetic representation of the same model, by relying on the Wigner function. This representation contains the hydrodynamic formulation as a special case but allows accounting for possible velocity dispersion while the hydrodynamic representation allows none. It has also the advantage of making more explicit the

limit, yielding the Vlasov regime. We discuss in particular the effect of the broadening of the Wigner function, arising from the statistical properties of the wave function, and show that it gives rise to a Landau-like damping that tends to suppress the gravitational instability for larger wave-length perturbations.
On the quantization of the extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole
Authors: Corda Christian , Feleppa Fabiano , Tamburini Fabrizio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Following Rosen's quantization rules, two of the authors (C. Corda and F. Feleppa) recently described the Schwarzschild black hole (BH) formed after the gravitational collapse of a pressureless “star of dust” in terms of a “gravitational hydrogen atom”. Here we generalize this approach to the gravitational collapse of a charged object, namely, to the geometry of a Reissner-Nordström BH (RNBH) and calculate the gravitational potential, the Schrödinger equation and the exact solutions of the energy levels of the gravitational collapse. By using the concept of BH effective state, previously introduced by one of us (CC), we describe the quantum gravitational potential, the mass spectrum and the energy spectrum for the extremal RNBH. The area spectrum derived from the mass spectrum finds agreement with a previous result by Bekenstein. The stability of these solutions, described with the Majorana approach to the Archaic Universe scenario, shows the existence of oscillatory regimes or exponential damping for the evolution of a small perturbation from a stable state.
Twisting of graphene nanoribbons partially located on flat substrates
Authors: Savin A. V. , Klinov A. P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The molecular dynamics simulation of longitudinal twisting of graphene nanoribbons hanging from the edge of a flat substrate formed by the surface of a hexagonal boron nitride crystal has been performed. It has been shown that rotation of the free end of a nanoribbon causes twisting of the suspended region accompanied by monotonous sliding of the nanoribbon over the substrate. At the beginning, a regular screw-like shape is formed in the suspended section, next a super-twisted section emerges inside it, further growth of which occurs due to pulling of the nanoribbon from the substrate. After separation from the substrate, the twisted nanoribbon folds into a roll, so that further twisting results only in free rotation of the roll.