bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Changing Landscapes of Cross-Faith Places and Practices
Authors: Sing Manfred 
Published: November 2020

The present special issue of Entangled Religions has emerged from a conference about “Shared Sacred Places and Multi-Religious Space” that took place at the Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG) in Mainz in September 2016. As the title of the conference indicates, a main interest was to re-think the relation between place and space and between different religions. The conference took place in the framework of the IEG focus topic “Europe from the Margins,” which also included a lecture series on processes of marginalization and exclusion with regard to social and religious minorities within and beyond Europe. This background explains the range of topics in this special issue to a certain degree, because the conference had the aim to de-centre established notions of Europe and religion and understand them in their multi-dimensionality. While cross-faith practices are a worldwide phenomenon, the main geographical focus of the following articles is on southeastern Europe and the Mediterranean with their spatial extensions to Asia. Proceeding from here, the contributions in this volume understand multi-faith practices as embedded in local arrangements as well as in larger multi-religious landscapes, thus taking account of the interconnection between the local and the global and paying attention to the micro and macro levels of analysis.
A intencionalidade na perspectiva histórico-existencial
Authors: Mac Dowell João A. 
Published: November 2020

Resumo:
O artigo apresenta a concepção heideggeriana de intencionalidade, à luz da compreensão da transcendência do aí-ser (Dasein) como ser-no-mundo em Ser e tempo. Insiste em que tal concepção só pode ser bem apreendida a partir da intuição fundamental do filósofo sobre o sentido de ser do aí-ser e consequentemente do ser como tal. Trata-se da abordagem do ser-humano como vida fáctica ou existência histórica em contraposição a todo o pensamento metafísico com suas distinções sensível/inteligível e sujeito/objeto.
Palavras-chave: sentido de ser; pensar fenomenológico-hermenêutico; metafísica; existência histórica; intencionalidade; transcendência

Abstract:
The article presents the Heideggerian view of intentionality, in the light of the Dasein`s transcendence as Being-in-the-world in Being and Time. It stresses that such a view can only be well grasped from Heidegger`s fundamental insight into the meaning of Dasein`s Being and hence of Being as such. This insight implies the approach of human being as factical life or historical existence in opposition to all metaphysical thinking with its sensible/intelligible and subject/object distinctions.
Key-words: Meaning of Being; phenomenological-hermeneutic thinking; metaphysics; historical existence; intentionality; transcendence
Global peatland area and carbon dynamics from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present – a process-based model investigation
Authors: Müller Jurek , Joos Fortunat 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Peatlands are an essential part of the terrestrial carbon cycle and the climate system. Understanding their history is key to understanding future and past land–atmosphere carbon fluxes.
We performed transient simulations over the last 22 000 years with a dynamic global peat and vegetation model forced by Earth system model climate output, thereby complementing data-based reconstructions for peatlands.
Our novel results demonstrate a highly dynamic evolution with concomitant gains and losses of active peatland areas. Modeled gross area changes exceed net changes several fold, while net peat area increases by 60 % over the deglaciation.
Peatlands expand to higher northern latitudes in response to warmer and wetter conditions and retreating ice sheets, and they are partly lost in midlatitude regions.
In the tropics, peatlands are partly lost due to the flooding of continental shelves and are regained through nonlinear responses to the combined changes in temperature, precipitation, and CO2.
Large north–south shifts of tropical peatlands are driven by shifts in the position of the intertropical convergence zone associated with the abrupt climate events of the glacial termination.
Time slice simulations for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) demonstrate large uncertainties in modeled peatland extent (global range from 1.5 to 3.4 Mkm2, million square kilometers) stemming from uncertainties in climate forcing.
The net uptake of atmospheric CO2 by peatlands, modeled at 351 GtC since the LGM, considers decay from former peatlands.
Carbon uptake would be misestimated, in particular during periods of rapid climate change and subsequent shifts in peatland distribution, when considering only changes in the area of currently active peatlands. Our study highlights the dynamic nature of peatland distribution and calls for an improved understanding of former peatlands to better constrain peat carbon sources and sinks.
Cannabidiol in epilepsy: The indications and beyond
Authors: Ryan Melody 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEpilepsy, although common, remains difficult to treat with as much as 30% of patients having treatment-resistant conditions. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome are childhood-onset epilepsies and among the most difficult to treat. Cannabidiol has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat these conditions in individuals over 2 years of age; however, there is a great deal of interest in off-label use. This article examines 3 cases: 1 of a patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 1 of off-label use of cannabidiol to treat epilepsy, and 1 of nonprescription forms of cannabidiol to treat epilepsy.
Management of treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Ansara Elayne D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by persistent and excessive worry. Around half of the patients treated for GAD will fail to respond to initial treatment. Treatment-resistant (or refractory) GAD is defined as failure to respond to at least 1 trial of antidepressant therapy at adequate dose and duration. Review of the literature indicates several potential medication classes and individual agents that can be used as augmentation strategies to treat residual symptoms when recommended therapy per clinical practice guidelines fails. A thorough literature search revealed 2 medication classes with the largest amount of data to support their use in treatment-resistant GAD treatment: gamma-aminobutyric acid–related agents and atypical antipsychotics. This article focuses on evidence-based recommendations for the use of these agents as adjunctive therapies for patients with treatment-resistant GAD. Different pharmacologic approaches to use these agents are demonstrated through 2 patient cases in which patients have failed first-line treatment options.
2D Hexagonal Covalent Organic Radical Frameworks as Tunable Correlated Electron Systems
Authors: Santiago Raul , Alcón Isaac , Ribas‐Arino Jordi , Deumal Mercè , de P. R. Moreira Ibério , Bromley Stefan T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuantum materials hold huge technological promise but challenge the fundamental understanding of complex electronic interactions in solids. The Mott metal–insulator transition on half‐filled lattices is an archetypal demonstration of how quantum states can be driven by electronic correlation. Twisted bilayers of 2D materials provide an experimentally accessible means to probe such transitions, but these seemingly simple systems belie high complexity due to the myriad of possible interactions. Herein, it is shown that electron correlation can be simply tuned in experimentally viable 2D hexagonally ordered covalent organic radical frameworks (2D hex‐CORFs) based on single layers of half‐filled stable radical nodes. The presented carefully procured theoretical analysis predicts that 2D hex‐CORFs can be varied between a correlated antiferromagnetic Mott insulator state and a semimetallic state by modest out‐of‐plane compressive pressure. This work establishes 2D hex‐CORFs as a class of versatile single‐layer quantum materials to advance the understanding of low dimensional correlated electronic systems.
Designing Advanced In Situ Electrode/Electrolyte Interphases for Wide Temperature Operation of 4.5 V Li||LiCoO2 Batteries
Authors: Ren Xiaodi , Zhang Xianhui , Shadike Zulipiya , Zou Lianfeng , Jia Hao , Cao Xia , Engelhard Mark H. , Matthews Bethany E. , Wang Chongmin , Arey Bruce W. , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Liu Jun , Zhang Ji‐Guang , Xu Wu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐energy‐density batteries with a LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode are of significant importance to the energy‐storage market, especially for portable electronics. However, their development is greatly limited by the inferior performance under high voltages and challenging temperatures. Here, highly stable lithium (Li) metal batteries with LCO cathode, through the design of in situ formed, stable electrode/electrolyte interphases on both the Li anode and the LCO cathode, with an advanced electrolyte, are reported. The LCO cathode can deliver a high specific capacity of ≈190 mAh g−1 and show greatly improved cell performances under a high charge voltage of 4.5 V (even up to 4.55 V) and a wide temperature range from −30 to 55 °C. This work points out a promising approach for developing Li||LCO batteries for practical applications. This approach can also be used to improve the high‐voltage performance of other batteries in a broad temperature range.
Insight into the Electrical Double Layer of Ionic Liquids Revealed through Its Temporal Evolution
Authors: Han Mengwei , Kim Hojun , Leal Cecilia , Negrito Maelani , Batteas James D. , Espinosa‐Marzal Rosa M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are proposed as potentially ideal electrolytes for use in electrical double layer capacitors. However, recent discoveries of long‐range electrostatic screening in ILs have revealed that this understanding of the electrical double layer in highly concentrated solutions is still incomplete. Through precise time‐dependent measurements of wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and surface forces, novel molecular insight into their electrical double layer is provided. An ultraslow evolution of the nanostructure of three imidazolium ILs is observed, which reflects the reorganization of the ions in confined and unconfined (bulk) states. The observed phase transformation in the bulk consists of the ILs ordering over at least 20 h, reflected in an expansion or contraction of the spacing between the ions organized in domains of ≈10 nm. This transformation justifies the evolution of the electrical double layer measured in force measurements. Subtle differences between the ILs arise from the intricate balance between electrostatic and non‐electrostatic interactions. This work reveals a new time scale of the evolution of the IL structure and offers a new perspective for understanding the electrical double layer in ILs, with implications on diverse areas of inquiry, such as energy storage, lubrication, as well as micro‐ and nanoelectronics devices.
Barium Titanate Nanostructures and Thin Films for Photonics
Authors: Karvounis Artemios , Timpu Flavia , Vogler‐Neuling Viola V. , Savo Romolo , Grange Rachel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBarium titanate (BaTiO3) is a synthetic crystal used in electromechanical transducers and multilayer ceramic capacitors. Since it is not available in nature, a variety of growth methods has been employed to produce in large scale, with high quality and low‐cost. BaTiO3, as a metal oxide meets practical requirements such as physical hardness, stability and tunable optoelectronic properties. The plethora of characteristics renders it functional in diverse fields of applications from energy harvesting to biophotonics. Related to optical properties, it is a dielectric material from the near ultraviolet to the near‐infrared part of the spectrum with low optical losses and relatively high refractive index. The strong second‐order nonlinear response has resulted in several breakthroughs in bioimaging, while its intrinsic electrooptic response is among the highest within the existing materials. The properties of the BaTiO3 may also be modified by doping or hybridization with other materials. This review presents the basic optoelectronic properties of BaTiO3, reports on the recent advances in BaTiO3 nanostructures and thin films related to photonic applications, and oversees photonic technologies that may benefit from this material platform in the near future.
The CAR T‐Cell Mechanoimmunology at a Glance
Authors: Li Rui , Ma Chao , Cai Haogang , Chen Weiqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell transfer is a novel paradigm of adoptive T‐cell immunotherapy. When coming into contact with a target cancer cell, CAR T‐cell forms a nonclassical immunological synapse with the cancer cell and dynamically orchestrates multiple critical forces to commit cytotoxic immune function. Such an immunologic process involves a force transmission in the CAR and a spatiotemporal remodeling of cell cytoskeleton to facilitate CAR activation and CAR T‐cell cytotoxic function. Yet, the detailed understanding of such mechanotransduction at the interface between the CAR T‐cell and the target cell, as well as its molecular structure and signaling, remains less defined and is just beginning to emerge. This article summarizes the basic mechanisms and principles of CAR T‐cell mechanoimmunology, and various lessons that can be comparatively learned from interrogation of mechanotransduction at the immunological synapse in normal cytotoxic T‐cell. The recent development and future application of novel bioengineering tools for studying CAR T‐cell mechanoimmunology is also discussed. It is believed that this progress report will shed light on the CAR T‐cell mechanoimmunology and encourage future researches in revealing the less explored yet important mechanosensing and mechanotransductive mechanisms involved in CAR T‐cell immuno‐oncology.
Pathway and Length Control of Supramolecular Polymers in Aqueous Media via a Hydrogen Bonding Lock
Authors: Helmers Ingo , Ghosh Goutam , Albuquerque Rodrigo Q. , Fernández Gustavo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProgramming the organization of π‐conjugated systems into nanostructures of defined dimensions is a requirement for the preparation of functional materials. Herein, we have achieved high‐precision control over the self‐assembly pathways and fiber length of an amphiphilic BODIPY dye in aqueous media by exploiting a programmable hydrogen bonding lock. The presence of a (2‐hydroxyethyl)amide group in the target BODIPY enables different types of intra‐ vs. intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to a competition between kinetically controlled discoidal H‐type aggregates and thermodynamically controlled 1D J‐type fibers in water. The high stability of the kinetic state, which is dominated by the hydrophobic effect, is reflected in the slow transformation to the thermodynamic product (several weeks at room temperature). However, this lag time can be suppressed by the addition of seeds from the thermodynamic species, enabling us to obtain supramolecular polymers of tuneable length in water for multiple cycles.
Capacitive properties of promising energy storage material based on thiophene containing perylenediimide polymer
Authors: Varol Tuğba Ören , Topal Sebahat , Haklı Özgül , Sezer Esma , Anık Ülkü , Öztürk Turan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, electropolymerization of pre‐synthesized N,N′‐di‐[3‐[2‐(3‐thienyl)ethyl] phenyl] perylene‐3,4,9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (ThPDITh) was performed on Au button electrode and the properties of the resultant polymer P(ThPDITh) were investigated by electrochemical techniques. Effect of the polymerization charge on the redox behaviors of the polymer film was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the polymer film was further characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Corresponding electrical equivalent circuit was applied to the experimental data to explain the electrochemical phenomenon on the interface of the Au/P(ThPDITh). In order to obtain information on the energy storage properties of P(ThPDITh) as a pseudo‐capacitive electrode material, important cell characteristics, such as redox process in anodic and cathodic potential ranges, stability of galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) curves, coulombic efficiency, capacitance, energy and power density values were determined. Capacitance values, obtained through different measurements (CV, EIS and GCD) are all in good agreement with each other. All the results suggested that P(ThPDITh) is capable of undergoing multiple reversible redox processes, and a good candidate for improving the capacitance and energy density of electrode material while still offering high power capability.
Forschung vernetzen hilft Mehrwert erzielen
Authors: Benninger Gerlinde , Scholl Stephan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie stärkere Verzahnung der pharmazeutischen Wirkstoff‐ und Produktforschung mit der verfahrenstechnischen Entwicklung neuer und Optimierung bestehender Produktionsverfahren und Produkte ist die Mission des interdisziplinären Forschungszentrums für Pharma
About the History of Gas and Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Jansen Walter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGaskinetik, Reaktionskinetik und Massenwirkungsgesetz beruhen auf der Vorstellung, dass die Materie aus kleinsten Teilchen, den Atomen, besteht, die sich auch im festen Zustand in dauernder Bewegung befinden. Vom griechischen Altertum war es allerdings ein langer Weg, ehe im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert erste zutreffende Hypothesen über den Gaszustand entwickelt und erste Gesetze über Gase gefunden wurden. Auf dieser Grundlage konnte sich dann Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts durch Krönig und Clausius die Gaskinetik und Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts durch van't Hoff die Reaktionskinetik entwickeln.
Comparing resonance and hyperconjugation – Understanding concepts using kinetic measurements at SN1 reactions
Authors: Schmitt Catharina , Schween Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKonzepte zur mechanistischen Problemlösung in der Organischen Chemie zu nutzen, gehört zu den größten Herausforderungen für Lernende. Dabei finden sich grundlegende Konzepte in vielen organisch‐chemischen Reaktionen wieder und bieten damit ein großes Potential zur Vernetzung der verschiedenen Lerninhalte. Bei der Diskussion von Reaktionsverläufen und Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten spielt die Stabilisierung von reaktiven Zwischenstufen eine große Rolle. Um die Vernetzung von konzeptuellem Wissen zu fördern, haben wir zwei Konkurrenzexperimente als Contrasting Cases entwickelt, bei denen der Einfluss der Wirkung von Mesomerie und Hyperkonjugation anhand einfacher qualitativer kinetischer Messungen von Lernenden selbstständig untersucht werden kann. Dazu wird der Reaktionsverlauf der SN1‐Reaktionen von tert‐Butylchlorid bzw. Triphenylmethylchlorid mit Ethanol anhand von Leitwertmessungen verfolgt und über die sehr unterschiedlich schnelle Bildung von Ionen auf die unterschiedliche Stabilisierung der Zwischenstufen geschlossen.
Exploring the hormonal and neural correlates of paternal protective behavior to their infants
Authors: Lotz Anna M. , Verhees Martine W. F. T. , Horstman Lisa I. , Riem Madelon M. E. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Buisman Renate S. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfant protection is an important but largely neglected aspect of parental care. Available theory and research suggest that endocrine levels and neural responses might be biological correlates of protective behavior. However, no research to date examined associations between these neurobiological and behavioral aspects. This study, preregistered on https://osf.io/2acxd, explored the psychobiology of paternal protection in 77 new fathers by combining neural responses to infant‐threatening situations, self‐reported protective behavior, behavioral observations in a newly developed experimental set‐up (Auditory Startling Task), and measurements of testosterone and vasopressin. fMRI analyses validated the role of several brain networks in the processing of infant‐threatening situations and indicated replicable findings with the infant‐threat paradigm. We found little overlap between observed and reported protective behavior. Robust associations between endocrine levels, neural responses, and paternal protective behavior were absent.
Party politics and civil society: The role of policy entrepreneurs in nuclear power politics in Taiwan
Authors: Chung Yousun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes the development of nuclear power politics in Taiwan since 2016. In particular, it attempts to identify changing and/or recurring patterns of interaction between parties/politicians and civil society. Although more fluid forms of interest representation have emerged in recent decades, partisan strategies are still useful tools for social movements, especially as environmental/energy issues are highly politicized. Thus, existing institutional channels such as referendums and elections easily become battlefields for pro‐ and anti‐nuclear camps. How do the relevant actors in nuclear power politics interact regarding the current Democratic Progressive Party government's plan for a nuclear power phase‐out? While adopting a mechanism‐based approach, this article focuses specifically on explicating the interactions between parties/politicians and civil society. This article particularly highlights the role of civil society organizations and their activists, who straddle the line between political parties and civil society. These actors demonstrate both potential and limitations when it comes to changing the dynamics that exist between relevant actors in an iron triangle.
Mechanism Controlling High‐Temperature Degradation of Sunflower Oil Triacylglycerols in the Absence of Oxygen
Authors: Kyselka Jan , Cihelková Klára , Lopes‐Lutz Daise , Chudoba Josef , Váchalová Tereza , Alishevich Katsiaryna , Hrádková Iveta , Berčíková Markéta , Mikolášková Monika , Filip Vladimír 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to describe the mechanism controlling heat‐induced formation of sunflower oil triacylglycerol and fatty acid methyl ester oligomers. The unique combination of high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography with hyphenated electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐MS, and high‐temperature gas chromatography‐MS techniques allows differentiating between radical coupling species and Diels–Alder cycloadducts. Targeted analysis of thermally degraded sunflower oils confirms the exact structures of various acyclic oligomers accompanied by less‐abundant products of pericyclic transformations. A series of model experiments simulate the impact of dienophile nature on the course of Diels–Alder reactions. Thus, α‐tocopherylquinone, δ‐tocopherylquinone, and methyl‐(E)‐11‐oxoundec‐9‐enoate are synthesized as naturally occurring dienophiles bearing electron‐withdrawing groups. The geometry of poor dienophiles does not affect concerted cyclization, while the structure of electron deficient dienophiles can overcome low reactivity.Practical Application: In the absence of oxygen, heat‐induced degradation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols proceed predominantly via a radical pathway, whereas concerted reactions represent minor mechanisms. Sunflower oil triacylglycerol molecules in the system without propagation stage can be effectively protected by natural and/or synthetic antioxidants. Application of chelates is also recommended. However, antioxidant‐derived quinones, such as α‐tocopherylquinone, can enter the Diels–Alder reaction even more easily than dienophiles without electron‐withdrawing groups. Unsaturated core aldehydes possess the same reactivity. Examination of the mechanism controlling high‐temperature degradation of triacylglycerols is especially important for processing engineers in edible oil refineries and food technologists. New perspective may help them to minimize undesirable changes in polyunsaturated species.