bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proenkephalin as a new biomarker for pediatric acute kidney injury – reference values and performance in children under one year of age
Authors: Hartman Stan J. F. , Zwiers Alexandra J. M. , van de Water Nadies E. C. , van Rosmalen Joost , Struck Joachim , Schulte Janin , Hartmann Oliver , Pickkers Peter , Beunders Remi , Tibboel Dick , Schreuder Michiel F. , de Wildt Saskia N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill children, but current biomarkers are suboptimal. Proenkephalin A 119–159 (PENK) is a promising new biomarker for AKI in adults, but pediatric data is lacking. We determined PENK reference intervals for healthy children, crucial for clinical implementation, and explored concentrations in critically ill infants aged under 1 year.

Methods
Observational cohort study in healthy infants and critically ill children aged 0–1 years. Reference values were determined using generalized additive models. Plasma PENK concentrations between healthy children and critically ill children with and without AKI, were compared using linear mixed modelling. The performance of PENK as AKI biomarker was compared to cystatin C (CysC) and β-trace protein (BTP) using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
PENK concentrations in 100 healthy infants were stable during the first year of life (median 517.3 pmol/L). Median PENK concentrations in 91 critically ill children, were significantly higher in those with AKI (n=40) (KDIGO Stage 1 507.9 pmol/L, Stage 2 704.0 pmol/L, Stage 3 930.5 pmol/L) than non-AKI patients (n=51, 432.2 pmol/L) (p < 0.001). PENK appeared to relate better to AKI diagnosis than CysC and BTP (AUROC PENK 0.858, CysC 0.770 and BTP 0.711) in the first 24 h after recruitment.

Conclusions
PENK reference values are much higher in young infants than adults, but clearly discriminate between children with and without AKI, with comparable or better performance than CysC and BTP. Our results illustrate the importance of establishing age-normalized reference values and indicate PENK as a promising pediatric AKI biomarker.
Sample size and rejection limits for detecting reagent lot variability: analysis of the applicability of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP26-A protocol to real-world clinical chemistry data
Authors: Kim Sollip , Chang Jeonghyun , Kim Soo-Kyung , Park Sholhui , Huh Jungwon , Jeong Tae-Dong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To maintain the consistency of laboratory test results, between-reagent lot variation should be verified before using new reagent lots in clinical laboratory. Although the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document EP26-A deals with this issue, evaluation of reagent lot-to-lot difference is challenging in reality. We aim to investigate a practical way for determining between-reagent lot variation using real-world data in clinical chemistry.

Methods
The CLSI EP26-A protocol was applied to 83 chemistry tests in three clinical labs. Three criteria were used to define the critical difference (CD) of each test as follows: reference change value and total allowable error, which are based on biological variation, and acceptable limits by external quality assurance agencies. The sample size and rejection limits that could detect CD between-reagent lots were determined.

Results
For more than half of chemistry tests, reagent lot-to-lot differences could be evaluated using only one patient sample per decision level. In many cases, the rejection limit that could detect reagent lot-to-lot difference with ≥90% probability was 0.6 times CD. However, the sample size and rejection limits vary depending on how the CD is defined. In some cases, impractical sample size or rejection limits were obtained. In some cases, information on sample size and rejection limit that met intended statistical power was not found in EP26-A.

Conclusions
The CLSI EP26-A did not provide all necessary answers. Alternative practical approaches are suggested when CLSI EP26-A does not provide guidance.
Comprehension in English Medium Instruction (EMI) lectures: On the impact of lecturer L2 English use
Authors: Siegel Joseph 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The importance and amount of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) usage and English Medium Instruction (EMI) lectures continue to increase on university campuses as universities worldwide seek to promote internationalization among both the student body and the faculty. While EMI has become a priority, the teaching and learning that occurs within this framework needs to be monitored for effectiveness and efficiency. Many of the teachers and students in these EMI courses do not share a common first language and likely have a first language other than English. Therefore, they are operating in EMI with varying levels of second language (L2) English ability, which can lead to low levels of student comprehension, learning and satisfaction unless the lecturer takes special care in their delivery of content. This paper explores the linguistic composition of EMI lectures in the Swedish context and reports survey findings of students’ self-reported levels of comprehension related to lecture content and their lecturer’s L2 English use. Three case studies are described and illustrate various linguistic factors that can contribute to or inhibit student comprehension in EMI lectures. Pedagogic implications are presented with the intention of supporting EMI lecturers and their students.
A tool for finding inclusion clusters in steel SEM specimens
Authors: Wartiainen Anna-Mari , Harju Markus , Tamminen Satu , Määttä Leena , Alatarvas Tuomas , Röning Juha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Non-metallic inclusions, especially large or clustered inclusions, in steel are usually harmful. Thus, the microscopic analysis of test specimens is an important part of the quality control. This steel purity analysis produces a large amount of individual inclusion information for each test specimen. The interpretation of the results is laborious and the comparison of larger product groups practically impossible. The purpose of this study was to develop an easy-to-use tool for automatic interpretation of the SEM analysis to differentiate clustered and large inclusions information from the manifold individual inclusion information. Because of the large variety of the potential users, the tool needs to be applicable for any steel grade and application, both for liquid and final product specimen, to analyse automatically steel specimen inclusions, especially inclusion clusters, based on the INCA Feature program produced data from SEM/EDS. The developed tool can be used to improve the controlling of the steel purity or for automatic production of new inclusion cluster features that can be utilised further in quality prediction models, for example.
Hands-on Learning In STEM: Revisiting Educational Robotics as a Learning Style Precursor
Authors: Budiyanto Cucuk , Fitriyaningsih Regina Nur , Kamal Faiz , Ariyuana Rosihan , Efendi Agus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The importance of learning style in student’s learning performance has been gaining scholar’s attention since it was coined in the early 70s. Atmatzidou’s robotics procedure of a five-stages robotic activities was deployed in the research. This study adopts a case study research design for gathering and analyzing data as the case research allows the exploration of unforeseen phenomena and offers insights into the interdependencies among components revealed in the study. This research introduces the use of Lego Mindstorm as the mean of pro-filing a student’s behavioral patterns. Student’s behavior patterns, then, mapped into radar charts to present the extent of both Kolb and science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM)’s profile of student’s learning style categories. The paper contributes to theory by extending Kolb’s Learning Style instrument by mapping the pattern of learning styles identified in the research and exploring students learning experience. Dominant four-domain-indicators captured during the activities characterize Students’ learning profiles. While the Kolb Learning Style and its instrument are considered classic in hands-on literature, the use of educational robotics to elaborate students’ learning style is novel in the literature that may affect the delivery of non-technology subjects in the curricula.
An overview of current safety requirements for autonomous machines – review of standards
Authors: Tiusanen Risto , Malm Timo , Ronkainen Ari 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The development of automated work machine systems towards autonomous operation is proceeding rapidly in different industrial sectors. The aim of the study was to explore the current situation and possible differences in standardization supporting the development in different industrial sectors. The existing ISO and IEC standards and work items related to autonomous machinery were reviewed as well as activities in international industry groups regarding automation and autonomy of machinery.
In general, the current standards are made mostly for machine manufacturers, but the views or responsibilities at worksite level are not considered. Three different approaches for safety concepts for different operating conditions were identified. One of them relies on onboard safety systems including sensor and perception systems for indoor applications. One guides to separate and isolate the autonomously operating machinery and to use access control to the autonomous operating zone. The third one is relying mainly on the machine operator’s ability to understand the situation and to react correctly according to the available information.
From technology point of view there seems to be a gap between the safety requirements set in standards and the state of the art in currently available technology.
Tailoring the morphology of poly(high internal phase emulsions) synthesized by using deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Huerta-Marcial Silvia T. , Mota-Morales Josué D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) are among complex biphasic fluids that expand on the traditional emulsion compositions, for instance, for the preparation of macroporous polymers by emulsion templating. The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as the nonaqueous internal phase of HIPEs allows expanding the conditions at which polymerizations are typically carried out in aqueous HIPEs. Herein, the properties of polystyrene macroporous polymers were studied by polymerizing DES-in-oil HIPEs using choline chloride-based DESs as the internal phase. The effect of DESs’ composition – with amide, alcohol, and carboxylic acid as hydrogen bond donors – and the homogenization method used for the HIPE preparation – vortexing versus high-speed homogenizer – was studied. The stability and droplet size of HIPE precursor, as well as the macroporous structure and the mechanical properties of the synthesized polyHIPEs, are discussed.
The COVID-19 Crisis: Policy Recommendations for Japan
Authors: Yoshino Naoyuki , Hendriyetty Nella 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Japan economy is dominated by Small and Medium enterprises. It covers around 99.7% of all enterprises operated in Japan and employs around 70% of the working population and account for a large portion of economic output. But, like other SMEs in the world, they also the ones that have hardly hit by COVID-19 quarantine and business closures. Japanese government made emergency loans and credit guarantee to assist SMEs. However, moral hazard problems of banks and SMEs have to be remedied. In the capital market, many investors take risk-averse behavior to anticipate further measures. Infrastructure investments are most needed in Asian region yet finance for infrastructure investments would face with shortage of funds due to low rate of return and risks. Private financing by long term investors such as pension funds and insurance better be directed to support infrastructure investment. Spillover tax revenues could be partly directed to increase the rate of return. The Japanese economy faces with aging population which would widen fiscal deficits unless postponement of retirement age and productivity-based wage rate rather than seniority wage rate facing with this crisis. Therefore, Japan government need to look into innovative policies options for sustainable economic growth.
Zu Erscheinungsformen und Funktionen der Musik in polnischen Volksmärchen
Authors: Grzywka Katarzyna 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, die Erscheinungsformen der Musik und ihre Funktionen in polnischen Volksmärchen aufzuzeigen. Das Untersuchungsmaterial besteht aus 113 eigentlichen Märchen aus Oskar Kolbergs Gesamtwerk (poln. Dzieła wszystkie Oskara Kolberga), der bisher vollständigsten Ausgabe der Regionalmonographien zur Volkskultur der einzelnen historischen Gebiete Polens vor den drei Teilungen des Landes in der zweiten Hälfte des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts. Diese einzigartige Publikation wird seit 1857 herausgegeben und wird 86 Bände umfassen.
Klimaschutz als Gestaltungsaufgabe für die Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Klein Ansgar , Schwalb Lilian , Ruhbaum Charlotte , Fricke Caroline , Grotewold Lars 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Herausgeber*innen des Themenschwerpunkts reflektieren die aktuelle klimapolitische Debatte und erörtern insbesondere den Beitrag zivilgesellschaftlicher Akteure. Dabei wird besonderes Augenmerk auf thematische Verknüpfungen, Vernetzungspotentiale und mögliche neue Akteurskoalitionen gelegt. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser klimapolitischen Zwischenbilanz gibt der Beitrag einen Überblick über Konzeption und Beiträge des vorliegenden Themenschwerpunkts.
Bürgerbeteiligung in der Klimapolitik: Erfahrungen, Grenzen und Aussichten
Authors: Renn Ortwin 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
In demokratischen Gesellschaften sind weitreichende Politikmaßnahmen wie zur Energiewende oder zum Klimaschutz auf eine breite Legitimation im politischen Raum angewiesen. Je komplexer die Materie ist, desto schwieriger ist es, den notwendigen Grundkonsens für eine ambitionierte Klimapolitik zu erzielen. Legitimation ist dabei nicht nur auf eine überzeugende und den Werten und Interessen der gesellschaftlichen Akteure entsprechende Kommunikation angewiesen, sondern vor allem auch auf eine aktive Beteiligung der Akteure und der betroffenen Bürger*innen an der Gestaltung und Umsetzung klimapolitischer Maßnahmen. Für den Bereich Klimaschutz ist dabei eine Kombination aus analytischen, vor allem wissenschaftlichen Expertisen, und deliberativen, auf Argumenten aufbauenden Abwägungsprozessen zwischen konfligierenden Werten und Interessen besonders geeignet, um der Komplexität des Themas gerecht zu werden und gleichzeitig die pluralen Werte und Abwägungskriterien zu berücksichtigen. Solche analytisch-deliberativen Prozesse setzen eine Prozessstruktur voraus, in der organisierte Interessengruppen gemeinsam mit Repräsentanten der betroffenen Bürgerschaft die Ausgangssituation definieren, das Für und Wider von Lösungsoptionen diskutieren und zu einer möglichst gemeinsam getragenen Empfehlung an die legitimen politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen gelangen.
Unternehmerischer Klimaschutz im Zeichen von Corona
Authors: Nallinger Sabine 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Stiftung 2° ist eine Initiative von Vorstandsvorsitzenden, Geschäftsführern und Familienunternehmern mit Sitz in Berlin. Ziel ist es, die Politik zur Etablierung effektiver marktwirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen für den Klimaschutz aufzufordern und die Lösungskompetenz deutscher Unternehmen zu unterstützen. Benannt ist die Stiftung nach ihrem wichtigsten Ziel: die durchschnittliche globale Erderwärmung auf deutlich unter zwei Grad Celsius zu beschränken. Die Unterstützer der Stiftung sind: AIDA Cruises, ALDI SÜD Dienstleistungs-GmbH & Co. oHG, DAIKIN Airconditioning Germany GmbH, Deutsche Bahn AG, DEUTSCHE ROCKWOOL, Deutsche Telekom AG, Deutsche Wohnen SE, EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Gegenbauer Holding SE & Co. KG, GLS Gemeinschaftsbank eG, GOLDBECK GmbH, Interseroh/ALBA, Otto Group, OTTO FUCHS KG, PUMA SE, Salzgitter AG, Schüco International KG, Schwäbisch Hall-Stiftung bauen-wohnen-leben, thyssenkrupp AG sowie Union Investment.
Die „Kohlekommission“ aus zivilgesellschaftlicher Perspektive
Authors: Grothus Antje , Setton Daniela 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die von der Bundesregierung im Juni 2018 eingesetzte Expertenkommission zum Kohleausstieg und dem damit einhergehenden Strukturwandel zog enormes öffentliches Interesse auf sich. Trotz des komplexen Mandats und der breiten Zusammensetzung gelang es dem Beratungsgremium, an dem auch Umweltverbände und Bürgerinitiativen aus den Tagebauregionen beteiligt waren, einen Kompromiss zu erzielen, der allerdings in der Klimabewegung umstritten ist. Dieser Beitrag zeigt anhand der Erfahrungen der Kohlekommission auf, vor welchen Herausforderungen und Chancen zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure bei der Mitarbeit in solchen Regierungsgremien stehen und unter welchen Bedingungen sich dabei das partizipative Potenzial realisieren lässt. Daraus werden Empfehlungen für zukünftige Expertenkommissionen abgeleitet, um die Rahmenbedingungen für die zivilgesellschaftliche Beteiligung zu verbessern.
Impact of interpolation techniques on the accuracy of large-scale digital elevation model
Authors: Habib Maan , Alzubi Yazan , Malkawi Ahmad , Awwad Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is no doubt that the tremendous development of information technology was one of the driving factors behind the great growth of surveying and geodesy science. This has spawned modern geospatial techniques for data capturing, acquisition, and visualization tools. Digital elevation model (DEM) is the 3D depiction of continuous elevation data over the Earth’s surface that is produced through many procedures such as remote sensing, photogrammetry, and land surveying. DEMs are essential for various surveying and civil engineering applications to generate topographic maps for construction projects at a scale that varies from 1:500 to 1:2,000. GIS offers a powerful tool to create a DEM with high resolution from accurate land survey measurements using interpolation methods. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of estimation techniques on generating a reliable and accurate DEM suitable for large-scale mapping. As a part of this study, the deterministic interpolation algorithms such as ANUDEM (Topo to Raster), inverse distance weighted (IDW), and triangulated irregular network (TIN) were tested using the ArcGIS desktop for elevation data obtained from real total station readings, with different landforms to show the effect of terrain roughness, data density, and interpolation process on DEM accuracy. Furthermore, comparison and validation of each interpolator were carried out through the cross-validation method and numerous graphical representations of the DEM. Finally, the results of the investigations showed that ANUDEM and TIN models are similar and significantly better than those attained from IDW.
Effect of 2CaO·SiO2 particles addition on dephosphorization behavior
Authors: Deng Aijun , Xia Yunjin , Li Jie , Fan Dingdong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effect of the addition of 2CaO·SiO2 solid particles on dephosphorization behavior in carbon-saturated hot metal was investigated. The research results showed that the addition of 2CaO·SiO2 particles have little influence on desilication and demanganization, and the removal of [Si] and [Mn] occurred in the first 5 min with different conditions where the contents of 2CaO·SiO2 particles addition for the conditions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are 0, 2.2, 6.4, 8.6, and 13.0 g, respectively. The final dephosphorization ratios for the conditions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are 61.2%, 66.9%, 79.6%, 63.0%, and 78.1%, respectively. The dephosphorization ratio decreases with the increase of 2CaO·SiO2 particles in the first 3 min. The reason for this is that the dephosphorization process between hot metal and slag containing C2S phase consisted of two stages: Stage 1, [P] transfers from hot metal to liquid slag and Stage 2, the dephosphorization production (3CaO·P2O5) in liquid slag reacts with 2CaO·SiO2 to form C2S–C3P solid solution. The increase of 2CaO·SiO2 particles increases the viscosity of slag and weakens the dephosphorization ability of the stage 1. The SEM and XRD analyses show that the phase of dephosphorization slag with the addition of different 2CaO·SiO2 particles is composed of white RO phase, complex liquid silicate phase, and black solid phase (C2S or C2S–C3P). Because the contents of C2S–C3P and 2CaO·SiO2 in slag and the dephosphorization ability of the two stages are different, the dephosphorization ability with different conditions is different.
Perspektiven
Authors: Schmich Niklas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article is based on the correspondence between the first editors of the German cultural magazine Merkur (since 1947) and the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset, archived in the Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach. By taking a comparative approach to the journal Revista de Occidente (since 1923) and the Merkur, this article explores how the publications reacted to their reception of crisis in different European cultures and thereby promoted a particular idea of European and national intellectual renewal. This was a crucial dynamic of their respective post-war discourses. An important link was the romance philologist Ernst Robert Curtius, who published in the Spanish magazine and whose critical essayistic work set in motion a transfer of ideas from the South to the North.
Die Zeitschrift als Medium des Vergleich(en)s
Authors: Lorenzen Malte 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Magazines bring together heterogeneous texts – texts various in content, genre, and authorship. This affects the ways magazines produce knowledge. They not only accumulate individual articles but in doing so also offer the possibility to compare between the articles. Using examples from German World War I magazines, this paper demonstrates the comparative epistemological potential of the magazine.
‘Selfie’- boon or a bane? A study from a private medical college in Southern India
Authors: Spoorthi V. , Holla Ramesh , Malavat Hitesh Krishna , Ismail Simrin , Kappettu Sudesh Kumar , Kamineni Venkata Seshu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Taking selfies is spreading like a mania across the globe. It may positively or negatively affect the self-esteem of an individual.

Objective
The present study was undertaken to assess the proportion of medical undergraduates and teaching faculty involved in taking selfies, to compare the pattern of selfie taking among medical undergraduates and teaching faculty and to assess the self-esteem score among them.

Subjects
The subject consisted of medical undergraduates and teaching faculty of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared. Self-esteem was assessed by using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Information obtained was analyzed using SPSS 11.5.

Results
The study included 366 participants of the study population. The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale conclude that 96% of the faculty and 84% of the students have normal self-esteem. Around 52.73% of them agree that they find selfie taking can be addictive, 43.72% of them agree that selfie taking can have disastrous effects, sometimes even life threatening and 57.92% of them agree that they enjoy the habit of selfie taking and find entertainment in it.

Conclusion
It was found that most undergraduates and teaching faculty indulge in the act of selfie taking. Students tend to take selfies to share their current lifestyle, whereas faculty take selfies for convenience. It is found that selfies does not affect the self-esteem of an individual as the majority of the population were found to have normal self-esteem.