bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATR signaling in mammalian meiosis: From upstream scaffolds to downstream signaling
Authors: Pereira Catalina , Smolka Marcus B. , Weiss Robert S. , Brieño‐Enríquez Miguel A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn germ cells undergoing meiosis, the induction of double strand breaks (DSBs) is required for the generation of haploid gametes. Defects in the formation, detection, or recombinational repair of DSBs often result in defective chromosome segregation and aneuploidies. Central to the ability of meiotic cells to properly respond to DSBs are DNA damage response (DDR) pathways mediated by DNA damage sensor kinases. DDR signaling coordinates an extensive network of DDR effectors to induce cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, or trigger apoptosis if the damage is extensive. Despite their importance, the functions of DDR kinases and effector proteins during meiosis remain poorly understood and can often be distinct from their known mitotic roles. A key DDR kinase during meiosis is ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related (ATR). ATR mediates key signaling events that control DSB repair, cell cycle progression, and meiotic silencing. These meiotic functions of ATR depend on upstream scaffolds and regulators, including the 9‐1‐1 complex and TOPBP1, and converge on many downstream effectors such as the checkpoint kinase CHK1. Here, we review the meiotic functions of the 9‐1‐1/TOPBP1/ATR/CHK1 signaling pathway during mammalian meiosis.
Is E‐mobility a panacea for emission mitigation? A case study of an Indian city
Authors: De Krishnarti , Majumder Suman , Kumar Praveen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCatering to the growing demand for urban mobility and emphasis on reducing air pollution in towns and cities are mutually conflicting objectives. One solution is a paradigm shift of the transportation policies from personal vehicles to public transportation system using electric buses. Using electric bus fleets for public transportation is not straightforward in Indian cities for two reasons, viz., weak electricity grid and predominantly coal‐based power generation. In this work, a novel transportation system, that uses solar PV generation and large capacity batteries, is analyzed for its impact on air pollution and environmental sustainability. A detailed well to wheel analysis of the system, for various power generation scenarios, is presented and also compared with the existing ones. The analysis done in this work answers the question: “Can the electric bus‐based public transportation contribute towards emission reduction in transportation?” The results also elaborate that to reach the target under the Paris Protocol, India has to take drastic majors like phasing out of coal by 2030. To phase out Coal, India has to reduce its contribution by 5% each year from now and use renewable energy sources extensively.
The effect of nickel oxide nano‐additives in Azadirachta indica biodiesel‐diesel blend on engine performance and emission characteristics by varying compression ratio
Authors: Campli Srinidhi , Acharya Madhusudhan , Channapattana Shylesh V. , Pawar Abhay A. , Gawali Shivaji V. , Hole Jitendra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe utilization of biodiesel‐diesel blends in compression ignition (CI) engines are a viable option for the current energy crises. But due to better combustion features of biodiesel‐diesel blends leading to high NOx release from engine exhaust hinders the use of such blends. Usually all of the harmful exhaust emissions like HC and CO reduces marginally, except nitrogen oxides at higher compression ratios with biodiesel blended fuel. The present paper focuses on the study of variation of compression ratio and use of NiO nanoparticles in neem biodiesel‐diesel mixture (NB25) at different braking loads. A total of four test fuels of NB25 blend were prepared having nickel oxides at different concentration levels of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. The current findings reveal that the use of 75 ppm of NiO in NB25 blend reduces the amount of thermal NOx by 6.2% compared to the absence of nanoparticles. Also, the performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency improved by 2.9% and brake specific fuel consumption reduced by 1.8%. The presence of 75 ppm of NiO in NB25 not only shows best performance and also lower harmful emission.
Adjoint variable‐based shape optimization with bounding surface constraints
Authors: Damigos Marios G. , Papoutsis‐Kiachagias Evangelos M. , Giannakoglou Kyriakos C. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article presents an algorithm for constraining shape deformations in adjoint‐based aerodynamic shape optimization. The algorithm considers known bounding surfaces and constrains the shape undergoing optimization not to intersect with them. For each and every node on the shape, its signed distance to the bounding surfaces is computed. The signed distance function returns a positive value, in case a node lies outside the bounds, or a negative one otherwise. It can, therefore, serve as an inequality constraint, the satisfaction of which ensures that this node does not violate the no‐intersection criteria. To increase the efficiency and make this imposition of constraints usable with any parameterization scheme, the resulting inequality constraints are transformed to a single‐equality constraint by means of a penalty function which is, then, summed over the shape to be optimized. The shape parameterization used in this article is spline‐based but this is not restrictive and any other parameterization type (node‐based, RBF, etc) can be used instead. The gradient of the objective function of the aerodynamic problem with respect to the design variables defined by the parameterization is computed using the continuous adjoint method. The method is demonstrated in the optimization of a 2D manifold case and two industrial‐like cases including the shape optimization of a U‐bend cooling duct, constrained to stay within a box, and the side mirror of a passenger car constrained to retain an almost undeformed reflector glass.
Finance and growth: Particular role of Zakat to levitate development in transition economies
Authors: Shaukat Badiea , Zhu Qigui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFinancial institutions in transition economies maintain higher liquidity at the cost of economic growth. This study offers an alternative policy tool to achieve higher liquidity without compromising economic growth. We show that Zakat—an obligatory Islamic charity with a fixed rate of 2.5%—can be an alternative to the interest rate and that its use as a policy tool promotes economic growth. Instead of considering zakat as a fiscal tool—an alternative to tax—we present it as a monetary policy tool to substitute the interest rate. We provide a framework based on the endogenous growth model, which allows the use of Zakat as a tool to overcome liquidity constraints in transition economies. We also construct an index‐based varying zakat rate adjusted for economic fundamentals, such as economic growth, for each economy. We provide empirical evidence using system generalized method of moments (GMM) in a simultaneous equation model on a panel data of 38 countries for the period 1996–2015. The results show that zakat rate has a significantly positive impact on economic growth. Furthermore, as a policy tool, Zakat has a statistically significant positive impact on FDI and domestic investment, while reducing corruption (CR). The results are robust for various regions and income classifications in different transition economies. The overall findings corroborate that zakat can help achieve the dual objectives of enhanced liquidity and higher levels of economic growth.
An empirical analysis of the impacts of real exchange rate on GDP, manufacturing output and services sector in Mauritius
Authors: Babubudjnauth Ashok , Seetanah Boopen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the real exchange rate (RER) movements on gross domestic product, manufacturing and services sectors growth in Mauritius. A Vector Autoregressive approach is used which accounts for both dynamics and endogeneity in the exchange‐growth modeling. In the growth model, real currency depreciation is observed to be contractionary in the short‐run while it is expansionary in the long‐run. Conversely, real home currency depreciation has expansionary effect on manufacturing output growth in the short‐run while it drops manufacturing output in the long‐run. Finally, real domestic currency depreciation has positive long term effect on services sector performance in Mauritius.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of the influences of one‐dimensional hydroxyapatite nanostructures on cytocompatibility
Authors: Jia Yile , Qin Lu , Gong Yi , Chen Rui , Yang Yulu , Yang Weihu , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to their simple crystal structures, one‐dimensional hydroxyapatite (HA) nanostructures are easily to be applied to understand the fundamental concepts about the influences of HA dimensionality on physical, chemical, and biological properties. So, in this work, three typical HA one‐dimensional nanostructures, HA nanotubes, HA nanowires, and HA nanospheres, were prepared, whose theoretical structures were built also. in vitro cytocompatibility test proved that, contrasting with TCPS, HA one‐dimensional nanostructures had certain degree of cytotoxicity because HA nanostructures increase the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium. Theoretical simulation indicated that HA nanosphere has higher intracellular ROS generation and lower ROS storage amount than HA nanowire and HA nanotube, which were the possible reasons for its stronger cytotoxicity. Among these typical one‐dimensional nanostructures, owing to higher drug storage amount and sustained delivery ability, HA nanotube was more potential application in orthopedics. The tubular structure of HA nanotubes could be used as reservoirs for small molecule drugs or growth factors. The cytocompatibility of HA nanostructures can be improved obviously when they were produced into two‐dimensional structures. The prepared multilayer structure can simulate lamellar structures of Harvard system and enhance the cytocompatibility of Ti substrate. Therefore, the method used in this work is a prospective method to improve the inherently bio‐inert of Ti when used in hard tissue repairing.
Vernodalin induces apoptosis through the activation of ROS/JNK pathway in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Mohebali Nooshin , Pandurangan Ashok Kumar , Mustafa Mohd Rais , Anandasadagopan Suresh Kumar , Alagumuthu Tamilselvi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the most leading death‐causing cancers in the world. Vernodalin, a cytotoxic sesquiterpene, has been reported to possess anticancer properties against human breast cancer cells. We aimed to examine the anticancer mechanism of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells. Vernodalin was used on human colon cancer cells, HT‐29 and HCT116. The cytotoxicity of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells was determined through in vitro 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay. Small interfering RNA was used to analyze the cascade activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in HT‐29, and HCT116 cells against vernodalin treatment. The protein expressions of caspase 3, Bcl‐2, and Bax were examined through Western blot analysis. Immunoblot analysis on the JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK pathways showed increased activation due to vernodalin treatment. It was proven from the JNK and p38 inhibition test that both pathways are significantly activated by vernodalin to induce apoptosis. Our results, collectively, showed the apoptosis‐induced anticancer mechanism of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells that was mediated through the activation of JNK pathway and apoptotic regulator proteins. These results suggest that vernodalin could be developed as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for human colorectal cancer treatment.
Regulation of cancer cell glucose metabolism is determinant for cancer cell fate after melatonin administration
Authors: Rodríguez Carmen , Puente‐Moncada Noelia , Reiter Russel J. , Sánchez‐Sánchez Ana M. , Herrera Federico , Rodríguez‐Blanco Jezabel , Duarte‐Olivenza Cristina , Turos‐Cabal María , Antolín Isaac , Martín Vanesa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral oncogenic pathways plus local microenvironmental conditions, such as hypoxia, converge on the regulation of cancer cells metabolism. The major metabolic alteration consists of a shift from oxidative phosphorylation as the major glucose consumer to aerobic glycolysis, although most of cancer cells utilize both pathways to a greater or lesser extent. Aerobic glycolysis, together with the directly related metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, or gluconeogenesis are currently considered as therapeutic targets in cancer research. Melatonin has been reported to present numerous antitumor effects, which result in a reduced cell growth. This is achieved with both low and high concentrations with no relevant side effects. Indeed, high concentrations of this indolamine reduce proliferation of cancer types resistant to low concentrations and induce cell death in some types of tumors. Previous work suggest that regulation of glucose metabolism and other related pathways play an important role in the antitumoral effects of high concentration of melatonin. In the present review, we analyze recent work on the regulation by such concentrations of this indolamine on aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathways of cancer cells.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous Sarilumab and Intravenous Tocilizumab Following Single‐Dose Administration in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis on Stable Methotrexate
Authors: Paccaly Anne J. , Kovalenko Pavel , Parrino Janie , Boyapati Anita , Xu Christine , van Hoogstraten Hubert , Ishii Tomonori , Davis John D. , DiCioccio A. Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe assessed pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK/PD relationships of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), soluble IL‐6 receptor, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in serum, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in blood following single doses of subcutaneous sarilumab versus intravenous tocilizumab (NCT02097524) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are inadequate responders to methotrexate (MTX) and on a stable dose of MTX. Patients with RA randomized (1:1:1:1) to single‐dose sarilumab (150 or 200 mg subcutaneously) or tocilizumab (4 or 8 mg/kg intravenously) were included (n = 101), and PK, PD, and PK/PD relationships and safety were assessed over 6 weeks postdose. PK profiles for both drugs are described by parallel linear and nonlinear target‐mediated clearance pathways. PD markers showed similar onset of effect during the first week postdose, regardless of dose or route of administration. CRP and ANC decreased, with median postdose nadirs at 7‐15 days for CRP and 3‐5 days for ANC. Both drugs at low and high doses achieved the same nadir for ANC and a similar return toward baseline within 2 weeks postdose, suggesting a saturation of effect. Safety profiles of sarilumab and tocilizumab were generally similar. In conclusion, despite differences in PK, the onset of the decrease in CRP (efficacy) and ANC (safety) after a single dose were similar for subcutaneous sarilumab and intravenous tocilizumab. PD effects and safety were consistent with previous studies.
Poly(acrylamide/vinylsulfonic acid) hydrogel for invertase immobilization
Authors: Öztop Hesna N. , Akyildiz Furkan , Saraydin Dursun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoly (acrylamide/vinylsulfonic acid) PA/VSA and poly (acrylamide) PA hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization in the presence of a crosslinker, to be used as a support for the invertase enzyme. Spectrophotometric, thermal analysis methods, swelling, and diffusion experiments were used for the characterization of hydrogels. SEM images show that the hydrogels have a smooth, homogeneous, highly porous and spongy morphology. The swelling of PA/VSA was higher than that of PA in water. The diffusion of water within the hydrogel was found to be non‐Fickian. Invertase was immobilized onto PA and PA/VSA (immobilized invertases named PA‐I and PA/VSA‐I, respectively). The optimum pH values were found to be; 5.0, 3.0, and 3.0 for free invertase, PA‐I, and PA/VSA‐I, respectively. The optimum temperature values were 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C for free invertase, PA‐I and PA/VSA‐I respectively. Michaelis Constant, Km; for free invertase and PA‐I and PA/VSA‐I were found to be 11.80, 21.40, and 18.42 mM, respectively. Maximum reaction rate; Vmax value for free invertase and PA‐I and PA/VSA‐I were found to be 7.46 μmol min−1, 5.91 μmol min−1, and 6.35 μmol min−1, respectively. PA/VSA‐I showed excellent thermal, operational, storage, and pH stability.
The effects of liking on informational elements in investigative interviews
Authors: Hwang Hyisuing C. , Matsumoto David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of principles of persuasion and influence in aiding uncooperative individuals to become more cooperative has been well documented in the basic science literature. Less known is their effects in investigative interviews. This study examined the effects of liking (positivity) on informational elements produced in investigative interviews. Interviewees participated in a mock theft experiment and were randomly assigned to tell the truth or lie about the potential theft. Half the interviews were conducted in a high liking condition, the other half in a low liking condition. High liking produced less relevant details in both the interviews and written statements for truthtellers. Rapport had direct, positive effects on relevant and irrelevant details in the interviews but not the written statements and mediated the association between liking and relevant and irrelevant details in the interviews. Veracity condition moderated the association between liking and informational elements; liking had negative effects on relevant details for truthtellers in the interviews and written statements but positive effects on irrelevant details for liars in written statements. These findings suggested the need to examine how and when liking as a social influence tactic may be effective in investigative interviews.
Marginal linear gingival leukoplakia progressing to “ring around the collar”—An ominous sign of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
Authors: Upadhyaya Jasbir D. , Fitzpatrick Sarah G. , Islam Mohammed N. , Bhattacharyya Indraneel , Narayana Nagamani , Cohen Donald M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPotentially malignant lesions of the gingiva may frequently present as well‐demarcated white lesions confined to the marginal gingiva. These lesions often become thick and verrucoid and spread along the marginal gingiva to encircle the tooth. Some cases of marginal gingival leukoplakia, over time, progress to extensively involve the gingiva fulfilling the criteria for proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL). The objective of this study is to raise awareness of this pattern of leukoplakia by reporting a series of cases of marginal gingival leukoplakia.MethodsAn Institutional Review Board approved retrospective search of University of Florida and University of Nebraska Medical Center oral biopsy services was performed for all gingival biopsies. Inclusion criteria included cases exhibiting marginal gingival leukoplakia, and with accompanying clinical images.ResultsA total of 30 cases of marginal gingival leukoplakia were included. All cases presented as well‐demarcated leukoplakias, either on the buccal or lingual gingival margin, or circumferentially forming a “ring around the collar” of single or multiple teeth. Eight patients had recurrent lesions and 12 had multifocal involvement. Six of the 12 patients with multifocal involvement presented with a “ring around the collar.” The histopathologic diagnoses were representative of benign lesions in seven cases, premalignant in 13, and malignant or suggestive of malignancy in 10 cases. Seven patients had carcinoma at the time of first biopsy, whereas 6 cases showed progression at time of follow‐up.ConclusionThis study aims to raise awareness that marginal gingival leukoplakia may represent potentially malignant lesions, and if circumferential and/or thick, may be the first manifestation of PVL.
Novel Hydroxylated Cardanol Quaternary Ammonium Salts from Renewable Resource and its Synergistic Vesicles of Binary and Ternary Composite System in Detergent
Authors: Zhao Xuehua , Lv Jinge , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of novel hydroxylated cardanol quaternary ammonium salts (HCQAS 3a–3g) with one or two hydroxyl groups, derived from renewable cardanol, a plant‐based and low‐cost material natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), have been rationally designed and investigated as additive in detergent. CMC, γCMC, C20, pC20, and CMC/C20 were employed to exhibit the surface properties of HCQAS, reflecting that the surfactivity were superior to general cationic surfactants. In addition, HCQAS revealed excellent water solubility and wettability by krafft point and contact angle tests. Moreover, emulsifiability and foamability conversions were monitored versus time and volume of foam, respectively. Also, TEM micrographs were taken to provide the aggregation morphologies of HCQAS 3a aqueous solution at different concentration. Furthermore, HCQAS 3a and BGF‐10 binary composite system as well as HCQAS 3a, BGF‐10, and SDBS ternary composite system were investigated by CMC, γCMC, emulsifiability, and foamability to determine the optimum molar ratio (HCQAS 3a: BGF‐10: SDBS = 0.24:0.36:0.4), and then, analysis of morphology by TEM showed that the incorporation of HCQAS 3a, BGF‐10, and SDBS in aqueous solution accelerated the formation of abundant vesicles with large volume and surface area. Finally, a green concentrated detergent was designed and prepared with the filtered ratio, where the presence of vesicles greatly enhanced detergency to promisingly replace the familiar use of petroleum‐based TX‐10 in detergent. This study on the structure and performance of HCQAS may shed some light on the development of novel environmentally friendly surfactant.