bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medications prescriptions in COVID-19 pregnant and lactating women: the Bergamo Teratology Information Service experience during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy
Authors: Giampreti Andrea , Eleftheriou Georgios , Gallo Mariapina , Butera Raffaella , Contessa Gioia , Faraoni Lorella , Sangiovanni Anna , Negri Giulia , Falchi Giovanna , Bacis Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy, especially in Lombardy and Bergamo city, represented probably nowadays one of the first major clusters of COVID-19 in the world. The aim of this report is to describe the activity of Bergamo Teratology Information Service (TIS) in supporting the public and health-care personnel in case of drug prescriptions in suspected/confirmed COVID-19 pregnant and lactating patients during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.

Methods
All Bergamo TIS requests concerning COVID-19 pregnant and lactating women have been retrospectively evaluated from 1 March to 15 April 2020. Type of medications, drug’s safety profile and compatibility with pregnancy and lactation are reported.

Results
Our service received information calls concerning 48 (9 pregnant, 35 lactating) patients. Among pregnant and lactating women, the requests of information were related to 16 and 60 drugs prescriptions respectively. More than half concerned drugs prescriptions during the first and second trimester (13/16) and during the first six months of lactation (37/60). Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were the most involved.

Conclusions
Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin at dosages used for COVID-19 may be considered compatible and reasonably safe either in pregnancy and lactation. Antivirals may be considered acceptable in pregnancy. During lactation lopinavir and ritonavir probably exhibit some supportive data from literature that darunavir and cobicistat do not. Tocilizumab may be considered for COVID-19 treatment because no increased malformation rate were observed until now. However caution may be advised because human data are limited and the potential risk of embryo-fetal toxicity cannot be excluded.
Issues in the assessment of L2 pragmatics
Authors: Cohen Andrew D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper highlights areas of concern in the assessment of pragmatics, with the intent of stimulating fresh thinking about the assessment of pragmatics both for research purposes and as a part of classroom instruction. It starts by considering what aspects of ability in pragmatics to assess, and then contrasts the trade-off between the feasibility of obtaining data and the ultimate importance of the data. Next, the conspicuous lack of assessment of ability in L2 pragmatics in language classes is noted. Then follow sections on topics all relating primarily to the assessment of pragmatics for research purposes – the use of mixed methods, data elicitation procedures, and norms used in determining the appropriateness of any given performance in pragmatics. The last two topics deal, respectively, with the perceived relevance of the given assessment by the learners and with the value of collecting verbal report data from the respondents as a means for validating the assessment measures. Finally, considerations regarding the most prominent of these issues are provided.
Developing Pragmatic Competence in English Academic Discussions: An EAP Classroom Investigation
Authors: Caprario Marcella 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This qualitative classroom study investigated the development of pragmatic competence in academic discussions through content analysis of student reflective writing. The aims of the study were: to understand the greatest challenges that students faced during the learning process, the causes of those challenges, and the most successful strategies that students employed to overcome the challenges. In addition, the analysis investigated other significant themes in the reflective writing that related to the students’ experiences in developing their pragmatic competence in discussions. Five advanced English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students at a Sino-US institution in China participated over the course of a semester. Results showed that common challenges included: hesitation resulting in missed opportunities to speak, lack of clarity when speaking, inability to repair communication breakdowns, and difficulty with listening comprehension. Self-reflection allowed the learners to understand the various reasons for the challenges they faced and to develop appropriate pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic strategies for coping with them. It also enabled the instructor to make suggestions suited to learners’ specific needs. In addition to revealing specific challenges, causes, and strategies that students employed, themes that emerged through content analysis included the impact of students’ emotional lives on their learning and performance, as well as the value of authentic communication in the development of pragmatic competence for academic discussions. This exploratory classroom investigation provides suggestions for teaching pragmatic competence in academic discussions and for additional classroom explorations that empower learners to develop autonomy.
The Theoretical Aspects of Attitude Formation Factors and Their Impact on Health Behaviour
Authors: Bakanauskas Arvydas Petras , Kondrotienė Edita , Puksas Andrius 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article defines the theoretical features of the concept of the attitude phenomenon, the theoretical aspects of attitude formation, and discusses the factors forming the attitude and their connections with behaviour and health behaviour. The theoretical model of formation of attitude towards health behaviour is modelled by analysing the phenomenon of attitude and analysing the factors forming the attitude, using analysis of scientific literature.
The Resilience of Organizations in the Context of Regional Social Sustainability: Management Challenges under Uncertainty
Authors: Gečienė Jolita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article defines the links between the resilience of organizations and the social sustainability of regions, describes the difficulties and management challenges faced by organizations in conditions of uncertainty. The theoretical part reveals the concept of regional social sustainability, discusses the strengthening of the resilience of organizations in the context of regional social sustainability, presents the challenges of organizational management in an environment of uncertainty. The study identifies the ability of organizations to act in the face of uncertainties and reveals the management challenges faced by organizations operating in an environment of uncertainties.
The Assessment of Financial Performance of the Lithuanian Dairy Sector’s Listed Companies
Authors: Kamandulienė Asta , Kulbokas Žilvinas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article analyses the Lithuanian dairy sector companies’ financial performance and its determinants. Economic value added (EVA) is employed in the paper as a measure of financial performance and labour productivity, revenue from exporting, gross profit margin and cost of debt are used as independent variables to identify determinants influencing performance. The results of the analysis show that EVA (as financial performance measure) fluctuates during the periods and has an opposite trend direction in some periods for some companies. The revenue from exporting and gross margin are found to have a significant positive impact on EVA (financial performance measure).
Hopping of single nanoparticles trapped in a plasmonic double-well potential
Authors: Yoon Seung Ju , Song Da In , Lee Jungmin , Kim Myung-Ki , Lee Yong-Hee , Kim Chang-Kyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Thermally induced particle hopping in the nanoscale double-well potential is fundamental in material design and device operation. After the proposal of the basic hopping theory, several experimental studies, including some using the optical trapping method, have validated the theoretical approach over various friction ranges of the surrounding medium. However, only external parameters, such as viscosity, temperature, and pressures, have been varied in practical circumstances, and other tools capable of adjusting the potential profile itself to modulate the hopping rate are needed. By using metallic nanoantenna with various gap sizes and different optical pump power, we engineered a double-well potential landscape and directly observed the hopping of a single nanoparticle with a diameter of 4 nm. The distance between the two potential wells was 0.6–5 nm, and the maximum well depth and maximum height of the central potential barrier were approximately 69 and 4 k
B
T, respectively. The hopping rate was governed by the Arrhenius law and showed a vertex when the barrier height was approximately 2 k
B
T, which was in good agreement with the computational expectations.
A large field-of-view metasurface for complex-amplitude hologram breaking numerical aperture limitation
Authors: Mu Yongheng , Zheng Mengyao , Qi Jiaran , Li Hongmei , Qiu Jinghui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Owing to the potential to manipulate simultaneously amplitude and phase of electromagnetic wave, complex-amplitude holographic metasurfaces (CAHMs) can achieve improved image-reconstruction quality compared with amplitude-only and phase-only ones. However, prevailing design methods based on Huygens–Fresnel theory for CAHMs, e.g., Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory (RSDT), restrict acquisition of high-precision reconstruction in a large field of view (FOV), especially in the small numerical aperture (NA) scenario. To this end, a CAHM consisting of Sine-shaped meta-atoms is proposed in a microwave region, enabled by a novel complex amplitude retrieval method, to realize large FOV holograms while breaking the large NA limitation. Calculations and full-wave simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve superior-quality holograms, even for nonparaxial holograms in a relatively small NA scenario, thus improving FOV and aperture utilization efficiency of CAHMs. The reconstruction comparison of a complex multi-intensity field distribution between CAHM prototypes designed by our method and by RSDT further confirms this point. We also compare both theoretically and experimentally the CAHM by our method with the phase-only metasurface by weighted Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. Superior-quality holograms with suppressed background noise and relieved deformation, promised by the extra amplitude manipulation freedom, is witnessed. Finally, due to its wavelength irrelevance, the proposed method is applicable to the entire spectrum, spanning from microwave to optics.
Valley depolarization in downconversion and upconversion emission of monolayer WS2 at room temperature
Authors: Li Han , Ma Yating , Sui Yizhen , Tang Yuxiang , Wei Ke , Cheng Xiang’ai , Jiang Tian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Benefiting from strong photon–exciton and phonon–exciton interactions in atomic thickness, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are viewed as one promising platform for exploring elementary excitonic photoluminescence (PL) and intrinsic spin–valley properties at the monolayer limit. Despite well-studied Stokes downconversion (DC) PL, the anti-Stokes upconversion (UC) PL has been recently reported in TMDC monolayers, which mainly focus on UC mechanisms while detailed valley-related dynamical processes are unwittingly less concerned. Here, we carry out an in-depth investigation on both DC and UC emission features of monolayer WS2 at room temperature, where UC PL persists with energy gain up to 190 meV. The PL excitation and power-dependent experiments clearly distinguish the origins of DC PL and UC PL, which refer to saturated absorption and phonon-assisted transition from charged trions to neutral A-excitons. And contrast valley properties are observed in DC and UC scenarios with polarization-resolved PL and pump–probe measurements. According to the experimental facts, phenomenological dynamical DC and UC scenarios are modeled with intervalley depolarization taken into consideration, in which intermediates from spontaneous intervalley depolarization account for the observed emission and valley properties. This work can help understand the light–matter interactions and valley properties in monolayer TMDCs.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-(m3-3′,5′-dicarboxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-dicarboxylato-K4
O,O′:O″:O‴) cadmium(II)], C16H11O10Cd
Authors: Luo Jie , Gu Guang-Na , Zheng Ying-Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C16H11O10Cd, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 26.026(3) Å, b = 6.3807(6) Å, c = 19.738(5) Å, α = 90, β = 98.162(16), γ = 90, V = 3244.5(10) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0359, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0702, T = 293(2) K.
Recent advance in surface modification for regulating cell adhesion and behaviors
Authors: Cai Shuxiang , Wu Chuanxiang , Yang Wenguang , Liang Wenfeng , Yu Haibo , Liu Lianqing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCell adhesion is a basic requirement for anchorage-dependent cells to survive on the matrix. It is the first step in a series of cell activities, such as cell diffusion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation.In vivo, cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM), whose physical and biochemical properties and micromorphology may affect and regulate the function and behavior of cells, causing cell reactions. Cell adhesion is also the basis of communication between cells and the external environment and plays an important role in tissue development. Therefore, the significance of studying cell adhesionin vitrohas become increasingly prominent. For instance, in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, researchers have used artificial surfaces of different materials to simulate the properties of natural ECM, aiming to regulate the behavior of cell adhesion. Understanding the factors that affect cell behavior and how to control cell behavior, including cell adhesion, orientation, migration, and differentiation on artificial surfaces, is essential for materials and life sciences, such as advanced biomedical engineering and tissue engineering. This article reviews various factors affecting cell adhesion as well as the methods and materials often used in investigating cell adhesion.
Accepting Variation and Embracing Uncertainty: Creating a Regional Pottery Typology in South Asian Archaeology
Authors: Lefrancq Coline , Hawkes Jason D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article presents the results of the analysis of archaeological ceramics collected during landscape surveys in the Vidarbha of Maharashtra, India; and offers the first attempt at a regional pottery typology for this area. Here, as in many other parts of South Asia, the pottery from archaeological sites have been subject to considerable scrutiny. Yet, so far approaches to their study have focussed on mainly their surface colour and feel. This has resulted in overly simplistic typologies that do not (and cannot) accommodate the full range of variation that exists within a ceramic assemblage, and so limit their value as archaeological evidence. Addressing this, we apply a chaîne opératoire-based approach to the analysis of a ceramic assemblage that we have been developing in this region. This results in a much more complex and detailed pottery typology than has so far been achieved. Throughout this study we also identify points of comparison with familiar parallels published elsewhere. In doing so, the resulting typology, while by no means the final word on the matter, provides a valuable and flexible resource that others working in this region and neighbouring areas can use for their own analyses and research. Moreover, in shifting the bases of categorisation and classification to the ways that pottery was made, we are able to incorporate far more of the variation that exists in the material itself. Indeed, the amount of variation can be somewhat bewildering in comparison to the standard (limiting) typological categories that populate earlier reports, and forces us to question those frameworks. Yet, we argue that it is precisely this sort of uncertainty that has to be embraced if the study of archaeological ceramics for the region of the ancient Vidarbha is going to continue to develop as a meaningful area of archaeological enquiry.
On the relations between some well-known methods and the projective Riccati equations
Authors: Akçağıl Şamil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSolving nonlinear evolution equations is an important issue in the mathematical and physical sciences. Therefore, traditional methods, such as the method of characteristics, are used to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. A general method for determining analytical solutions for partial differential equations has not been found among traditional methods. Due to the development of symbolic computational techniques many alternative methods, such as hyperbolic tangent function methods, have been introduced in the last 50 years. Although all of them were introduced as a new method, some of them are similar to each other. In this study, we examine the following four important methods intensively used in the literature: the tanh–coth method, the modified Kudryashov method, the F-expansion method and the generalized Riccati equation mapping method. The similarities of these methods attracted our attention, and we give a link between the methods and a system of projective Riccati equations. It is possible to derive new solution methods for nonlinear evolution equations by using this connection.
Spatial thinking from a different view: Disentangling top-down and bottom-up processes using eye tracking
Authors: Fehringer Benedict C. O. F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to investigate the potential of gaze fixation patterns to reflect cognitive processing steps during test performance. Gaze movements, however, can reflect top-down and bottom-up processes. Top-down processes are the cognitive processing steps that are necessary to solve a certain test item. In contrast, bottom-up processes may be provoked by varying visual features that are not related to the item solution. To disentangle top-down and bottom-up processes in the context of spatial thinking, a new test (R-Cube-Vis Test) was developed and validated explicitly for the usage of eye tracking in three studies as long and short version. The R-Cube-Vis Test measures visualization and is conform to the linear logistic test model with six difficulty levels. All items of one level demand the same transformation steps to solve an item. The R-Cube-Vis Test was then utilized to investigate different gaze-fixation-based indicators to identify top-down and bottom-up processes. Some of the indicators were also able to predict the correctness of the answer of a single item. Gaze-related measures have a high potential to reveal cognitive processing steps during solving an item of a given difficulty level, if top-down and bottom-up processes can be segregated.
The Democracy–Economy-Nexus
Authors: Brieger Stefan , Markwardt Gunther 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite a sizeable theoretical and empirical literature, no firm conclusions have been drawn regarding the democracy–economy-nexus. This paper aims to assess the twosided relationship between democracy and economic development based on the current state of research. Literature will be used to examine whether and how democracy affects economic development, as well as the reverse question. Does economic development influence the form of government of a society, i.e. can it promote or hinder a transition from autocracy to democracy? In addition to approaches that postulate a positive relationship, we will also present perspectives that either negatively interpret a correlation between the two variables or completely negate it.
The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Ferulago W. Koch extracts on various cancer cell lines
Authors: Bakar-Ates Filiz , Hoti Berna , Gurbuz Ilhan , Gunbatan Tugba , Duman Hayri , Kilic Ceyda Sibel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The studies investigating the anticancer activities of natural products have accelerated to produce new solutions in the face of increasing cancer cases. Various Ferulago species are reported to exhibit antioxidant, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of ethanolic extracts of roots of five Ferulago species on various human cancer cell lines.

Material and methods
HPLC analyses were performed by HP Agilent 1,100. The cytotoxicity were determined by MTT assay. The cell cycle arrest and Annexin V binding analyses were performed by Muse Cell Analyzer (Millipore).

Results
All examined species except F. setifolia inhibited cell viability in PC3 and SW480 cells at 0.01 mg/mL and higher concentrations (p<0.05). Ferulago species inhibited cell cycle at different stages for treated cell lines. The ethanolic extracts of Ferulago species also increased Annexin V binding significantly, resulted in apoptosis (p<0.05%). In this context, F. syriaca showed the highest apoptotic activity in MCF-7 cells by increasing the apoptotic cell population to 23.54 ± 2.10% (p<0.0001).

Conclusion
The findings of present study have shown that Ferulago species included in the study have potent anticancer effects and this work have the potential to result in further studies.
‘Celtic’ commentaries on four Roman military diplomas
Authors: Falileyev Alexander 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Aufsatz behandelt ‚keltisches‘ Material in vier römischen Militärdiplomen. Die genaue Herkunft von dreien dieser Diplome ist unbekannt, sie stehen aber sicher mit der unteren Donau in Verbindung, während das vierte in Dakien (Neuschloß/Gherla, Rumänien) gefunden wurde. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der Interpretation der sprachlich keltischen Personennamen, die in diesen vier Texten belegt sind, und weitergehende Beobachtungen zu der Mobilität innerhalb des römischen Reiches von Einzelpersonen aus keltischsprachigen Gebieten werden angeführt.
The good, the bad and the lovely: the transmission of kingship in Esnada Tige Buchet and the Odyssey, and medieval Irish reflexes of Proto-Indo-European sovereignty myths
Authors: McCone Kim 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Untersuchung der im Titel erwähnten frühirischen Erzählung besteht aus zwei Abschnitten: Ia beschäftigt sich mit der Beziehung der verschiedenen handschriftlich belegten Fassungen zueinander, um die nötige Grundlage für Ib zu schaffen. Die Hauptaufgabe von Ib ist die Erschließung der ideologischen und politischen Botschaft des wohl im 8. oder 9. Jhdt. n. Chr. verfassten Urtexts, vor allem, was die Vermittlung und Übertragung des Königtums betrifft, anhand zeitgenössischer irischer Zielsetzungen, Umstände und Erzählkonventionen. Obwohl diese Abhandlung (Ia/b) als selbstständig gelten kann, wird anschließend (II) auf gewisse Ähnlichkeiten mit der Odyssee aufmerksam gemacht, d. h. die Bedrängung des Wohnsitzes einer Königstochter bzw. -frau durch ungeladene junge Männer und die bestimmende Rolle von drei verschiedenen Altersstufen im Schicksal des Königtums. Diese Übereinstimmungen und einige vorwiegend auf Lévi-Strauss basierende methodologische Erwägungen leiten eine vergleichende Untersuchung (III-VII) ein, die die Rekonstruktion von drei urindogermanischen Mythen (III, VI und VII) bezweckt, und zwar im Rahmen eines auf drei Hauptaltersstufen beruhenden Sozialsystems (IV) und eines mit der rituellen Ehe von König und Göttin verbundenen dreiteiligen Sakralkönigtums (V). Diese Sozialstruktur und die darauf bezogene Ideologie unterscheiden sich wesentlich vom „dreifunktionellen“ Dumézil’schen Modell. In allen dreien verschiedenartig auf Könige und (3 bzw. 12 bzw. 5) Königssöhne gerichteten Mythen leistet eine Göttin bzw. Königstochter einen entscheidenden Beitrag zum Fortbestand der Herrschaft und zur Wahl eines künftigen bzw. Wiedereinsetzung eines ehemaligen Königs. Demzufolge scheint der Versuch (VIII) angebracht, die dadurch implizierte uridg. Herrschaftsgöttin möglichst genau zu identifizieren.