bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Technology of Difficult-Biodegradable Printing and Dyeing Waste-Water
Authors: Liu Qiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The pollution of printing and dyeing waste-water mainly comes from dyes. In the process of printing and dyeing, different dyeing processes produce different pollutants, resulting in the difference of their properties. The treatment of printing and dyeing waste-water, according to the difference of technical principles, mainly includes seven treatment technologies: physical method, biochemistry method, physical chemistry method, ozone oxidation method, Fenton reagent oxidation method, photocatalytic oxidation method and wet (catalytic) oxidation method. Different treatment methods are used for waste-water with different properties and concentrations. Biochemical decomposition of organic matter in waste-water by microbial metabolism is a common method for the treatment of printing and dyeing waste-water.
Experimental study on AMD treatment by SRB biodegradation in a UASB reactor
Authors: Ma Sai , Guo Zhongquan , Zheng Pengsheng , Yang Jianchao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
According to the water quality characteristics of acid mine drainage (AMD), sulfate removal from simulated AMD by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was improved in a UASB bioreactor. In the meanwhile, the influences of C/S ratio, pH, temperature, and HRT on sulfate removal rate were analyzed to obtain the optimal operation parameters. The results show that under the optimal operation conditions of C/S = 3.0, pH = 6.5, T = 35°C, and HRT = 10 hours, the maximum removal rate of sulfate (86.3%) is reached with an influent sulfate concentration of 2 000 m/L and an effluent sulfate concentration of 274 mg/L which satisfies the local mine drainage discharge standard (500 mg/L). Different from other traditional desalting technologies, the reduction of salinity is realized in this study by removing sulfate from AMD during SRB biodegradation process.
Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Performance of Multi-Component Impregnated Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Zhang Yongxun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The catalyst Cu-Fe-Pd-La/γ-A12O3(ratio 1:1:1:3) was used to treat simulated printing and dyeing waste-water by CWAO method. The calcination temperature was set to 350, 450, 550, 650, 750, 850 °C in order. The results showed that as the calcination temperature increases, the decolorization rate of the catalyst treatment waste-water decreases, and the metal stripping concentration of the waste-water decreases. At the five temperatures set, the decolorization rate of the waste-water was 97.20%, 97.04 %, 97.92 %, 97.86 %, 95.59 %, and 98.92 % in turn. The dissolved Cu and Fe concentrations of the waste-water at 60 minutes were 0.32 mg/L and 49.15 mg/L, respectively. The catalyst has good catalytic activity and stability.
The Chitosan/Zeolite Composite Adsorbed Fluoride Ions from Eryuan Hot Spring Water in Yunnan Province
Authors: Deng Chao , Xiang Pengzhi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
With chitosan as the carrier, the introduction of zeolite to form the composites can adsorb fluorine ion, examines the composite eryuan hot springs for adsorption, this paper investigated the adsorption time, solution pH, the single factor’s influence on adsorption, and use the corresponding optimization test the adsorption solution pH, adsorption temperature, composite material inputs, the results show that at room temperature and chitosan and zeolite ratio 0.06 under the condition of the best quality, the best condition of optimization for pH = 5.2, material mass is 4.4 g/L, Degree of adsorption time is 72 min, to predict the optimal value of 98.91%, in order to verify the reliability of the experiment, fluorine ion adsorption for validation of eryuan hot springs samples, the actual adsorption rate was 96.87%, the model predicted values is 2.04% which is accords with the theoretical value, the experimental results show that the composite material adsorption effect is good and it has potential application value.
Research on Organic Removal of Food Processing Waste-Water Based on Watershed Water Protection
Authors: Wang Yibo , Chen Luoru , Chen Xin , Liu Yingxin , Huang Jinming , Wu Tongtong , Li Yuying , Huang Jieyun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
If the waste water from the production of candied fruit, as one of the non-staple foods, is not treated up to the standard and discharged directly into the surface watershed. It will inevitably cause the pollution of the watershed water and affect the safety of production and domestic water. The biodegradable index of candie waste-water is higher than 0.45 due to the large amount of sugar, which is easily biodegradable. Because of the high value of BOD5, anaerobic fermentation method was adopted. The digestible sludge from the sewage treatment plant was taken and put into the plastic bucket with a ratio of 2:28 sludge waste water. The pollution index value of waste water was significantly reduced when the reaction was 60 h. The COD in the waste-water decreased by 1480.6 mg/L, and the COD removal rate reached 49.6%. The BOD5 of waste-water decreased by 793.6 mg/L, and the BOD5 removal rate reached 50.1%. The turbidity of waste-water decreased from 110.8NTU to 69.3 NTU, the turbidity decreased by 41.5 NTU, and the turbidity removal rate of waste-water reached 37.5%.
Study on Heterogeneous Catalyst Classification Based on CWAO Process of Organic Waste-Water
Authors: Zhang Yongxun , Wang Yibo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) technology has the characteristics of wide application range, high organic matter removal rate, low secondary pollution and high efficiency, etc., and it has significant effects on the treatment of difficult biodegradable organic waste-water. According to the homogeneity of the phases of the catalytic reaction system, the catalytic reactions can be divided into two categories: homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis. The reported catalysts or their active components mainly include four categories: metal salts, metals/supports, oxides/supports, and composite oxides/supports.
On the relationship between network connectivity and group performance in small teams of humans: experiments in virtual reality
Authors: Barak-Ventura Roni , Richmond Samuel , Hasanyan Jalil , Porfiri Maurizio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Optimizing group performance is one of the principal objectives that underlie human collaboration and prompts humans to share resources with each other. Connectivity between individuals determines how resources can be accessed and shared by the group members, yet, empirical knowledge on the relationship between the topology of the interconnecting network and group performance is scarce. To improve our understanding of this relationship, we created a game in virtual reality where small teams collaborated toward a shared goal. We conducted a series of experiments on 30 groups of three players, who played three rounds of the game, with different network topologies in each round. We hypothesized that higher network connectivity would enhance group performance due to two main factors: individuals’ ability to share resources and their arousal. We found that group performance was positively associated with the overall network connectivity, although registering a plateau effect that might be associated with topological features at the node level. Deeper analysis of the group dynamics revealed that group performance was modulated by the connectivity of high and low performers in the group. Our findings provide insight into the intricacies of group structures, toward the design of effective human teams.
The Hospital Frailty Risk Score—outcomes in specialised services
Authors: Imam Towhid , Konstant-Hambling Rob , Fluck Richard , Hall Nathan , Palmer James , Conroy Simon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Frailty is increasingly used to risk stratify older people, but across specialised services there is no standardised approach. The aim of this study was to assess if the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) could describe outcomes for older people within English specialised services.

Design
A retrospective cohort study was performed using the Secondary Uses Service (SUS) electronic database for people aged 75 or older admitted between April 2017 and March 2018.

Methods
Based on HFRS, the populations were risk stratified into mild, moderate and severe frailty risk. The relationships with length of stay, readmission rate, mortality and some selected condition specific treatment complications were quantified using descriptive statistics.

Results
Very few individuals (&lt;2%) could not be risk stratified for frailty risk. Frailty was differentially distributed across the specialties; around one-third had mild frailty; another third had moderate frailty and one-quarter severe frailty. Increasing frailty risk was associated with increased length of stay for the index admission, more days in hospital in the year following intervention and increased risk of dying in hospital. Severe frailty was a powerful discriminator of the risk of death; between 25 and 40% of those with severe frailty risk died at 30 months across all specialties.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the first application of the HFRS to a national dataset to describe service outcomes and mortality for older people undergoing a range of specialised interventions. This information could be used to identify those that might benefit from holistic assessment, aid prognostication, commissioning and service planning.
Differing Age-Specific Cervical Cancer Incidence Between Different Types of Human Papillomavirus: Implications for Predicting the Impact of Elimination Programs
Authors: Vänskä Simopekka , Luostarinen Tapio , Lagheden Camilla , Eklund Carina , Kleppe Sara Nordqvist , Andrae Bengt , Sparén Pär , Sundström Karin , Lehtinen Matti , Dillner Joakim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The elimination of cervical cancer rests on high efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. The HPV type distribution among cases of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is used to make predictions about the impact of eliminating different types of HPV, but accumulating evidence of differences in age-specific cancer incidence by HPV type exists. We used one of the largest population-based series of HPV genotyping of ICCs (n = 2,850; Sweden, 2002–2011) to estimate age-specific ICC incidence by HPV type and obtain estimates of the cancer-protective impact of the removal of different HPV types. In the base case, the age-specific ICC incidence had 2 peaks, and the standardized lifetime risk (SLTR, the lifetime number of cases per birth cohort of 100,000 females) for HPV-positive ICC was 651 per 100,000 female births. In the absence of vaccine types HPV 16 and HPV 18, the SLTR for ICC was reduced to 157 per 100,000 female births (24% of HPV-positive SLTR). Elimination of all 9 types that can currently be vaccinated against reduced the remaining SLTR to 47 per 100,000 female births (7%), the remaining ICC incidence only slowly increasing with age. In conclusion, after elimination of vaccine-protected HPV types, very few cases of ICC will be left, especially among fertile, reproductive-age women.
Probabilistic Quantification of Bias to Combine the Strengths of Population-Based Register Data and Clinical Cohorts—Studying Mortality in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Nilsson Peter M , Kiadaliri Ali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We propose combining population-based register data with a nested clinical cohort to correct misclassification and unmeasured confounding through probabilistic quantification of bias. We have illustrated this approach by estimating the association between knee osteoarthritis and mortality. We used the Swedish Population Register to include all persons resident in the Skåne region in 2008 and assessed whether they had osteoarthritis using data from the Skåne Healthcare Register. We studied mortality through year 2017 by estimating hazard ratios. We used data from the Malmö Osteoarthritis Study (MOA), a small cohort study from Skåne, to derive bias parameters for probabilistic quantification of bias, to correct the hazard ratio estimate for differential misclassification of the knee osteoarthritis diagnosis and confounding from unmeasured obesity. We included 292,000 persons in the Skåne population and 1,419 from the MOA study. The adjusted association of knee osteoarthritis with all-cause mortality in the MOA sample had a hazard ratio of 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 1.52) and was thus inconclusive. The naive association in the Skåne population had a hazard ratio of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.98), while the bias-corrected estimate was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.59, 1.52), suggesting high uncertainty in bias correction. Combining population-based register data with clinical cohorts provides more information than using either data source separately.
Gene Expression Changes in the Skin of Patients Undergoing Medial Thigh Liposuction With Pre-Surgical and Post-Surgical Application of Topical Products
Authors: Ziegler Mary E , Claytor Brannon , Bell Michaela , Casas Laurie , Widgerow Alan D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Skin topical preconditioning before and after surgical procedures is a relatively new concept, particularly in relation to the efficient removal of tissue breakdown products. Clinical trials demonstrate improvements, such as less induration, when surgery is combined with topical product preconditioning and with usage post-surgery.

Objectives
This trial aimed to assess the efficacy of such a regimen at the molecular level through gene expression studies in combination with clinical assessments.

Methods
Six women who underwent medial thigh liposuction administered either a bland moisturizer or the experimental topical products to each side of the surgical area twice daily. Biopsies were taken before any topical application, at 2 and 4 weeks after liposuction. An inflammation-related gene expression analysis was conducted to compare the different conditions. In addition, the degree of induration was assessed in a blinded manner.

Results
Compared with the bland moisturizer, the experimental group demonstrated a hastened immune inflammatory response moving more rapidly to an anti-inflammatory reversal at 2 weeks followed by a wound healing extracellular remodeling effect at 4 weeks. This matched the clinical picture depicting less induration with the treatment.

Conclusions
For patients undergoing body procedures, a topical treatment with the Alastin induces an accelerated healing response, inducing the clearance of “waste” products and the induction of anti-inflammatory genes. Furthermore, this topical treatment stimulates extracellular matrix remodeling, which ultimately leads to less induration.

Level of Evidence: 5
Method combining BAC film and positive staining for the characterization of DNA intermediates by dark-field electron microscopy
Authors: Benureau Yann , Moreira Tavares Eliana , Muhammad Ali-Akbar , Baconnais Sonia , Le Cam Eric , Dupaigne Pauline 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDNA intermediate structures are formed in all major pathways of DNA metabolism. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a tool of choice to study their choreography and has led to major advances in the understanding of these mechanisms, particularly those of homologous recombination (HR) and replication. In this article, we describe specific TEM procedures dedicated to the structural characterization of DNA intermediates formed during these processes. These particular DNA species contain single-stranded DNA regions and/or branched structures, which require controlling both the DNA molecules spreading and their staining for subsequent visualization using dark-field imaging mode. Combining BAC (benzyl dimethyl alkyl ammonium chloride) film hyperphase with positive staining and dark-field TEM allows characterizing synthetic DNA substrates, joint molecules formed during not only in vitro assays mimicking HR, but also in vivo DNA intermediates.
Novel translational phenotypes and biomarkers for creatine transporter deficiency
Authors: Mazziotti Raffaele , Cacciante Francesco , Sagona Giulia , Lupori Leonardo , Gennaro Mariangela , Putignano Elena , Alessandrì Maria Grazia , Ferrari Annarita , Battini Roberta , Cioni Giovanni , Pizzorusso Tommaso , Baroncelli Laura 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Creatine transporter deficiency is a metabolic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, autistic-like behaviour and epilepsy. There is currently no cure for creatine transporter deficiency, and reliable biomarkers of translational value for monitoring disease progression and response to therapeutics are sorely lacking. Here, we found that mice lacking functional creatine transporter display a significant alteration of neural oscillations in the EEG and a severe epileptic phenotype that are recapitulated in patients with creatine transporter deficiency. In-depth examination of knockout mice for creatine transporter also revealed that a decrease in EEG theta power is predictive of the manifestation of spontaneous seizures, a frequency that is similarly affected in patients compared to healthy controls. In addition, knockout mice have a highly specific increase in haemodynamic responses in the cerebral cortex following sensory stimuli. Principal component and Random Forest analyses highlighted that these functional variables exhibit a high performance in discriminating between pathological and healthy phenotype. Overall, our findings identify novel, translational and non-invasive biomarkers for the analysis of brain function in creatine transporter deficiency, providing a very reliable protocol to longitudinally monitor the efficacy of potential therapeutic strategies in preclinical, and possibly clinical, studies.
Evaluation of general practitioners’ single-lead electrocardiogram interpretation skills: a case-vignette study
Authors: Karregat Evert P M , Himmelreich Jelle C L , Lucassen Wim A M , Busschers Wim B , van Weert Henk C P M , Harskamp Ralf E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Handheld single-lead electrocardiograms (1L-ECG) present a welcome addition to the diagnostic arsenal of general practitioners (GPs). However, little is known about GPs’ 1L-ECG interpretation skills, and thus its reliability in real-world practice.

Objective
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of GPs in diagnosing atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF/Afl) based on 1L-ECGs, with and without the aid of automatic algorithm interpretation, as well as other relevant ECG abnormalities.

Methods
We invited 2239 Dutch GPs for an online case-vignette study. GPs were asked to interpret four 1L-ECGs, randomly drawn from a pool of 80 case-vignettes. These vignettes were obtained from a primary care study that used smartphone-operated 1L-ECG recordings using the AliveCor KardiaMobile. Interpretation of all 1L-ECGs by a panel of cardiologists was used as reference standard.

Results
A total of 457 (20.4%) GPs responded and interpreted a total of 1613 1L-ECGs. Sensitivity and specificity for AF/Afl (prevalence 13%) were 92.5% (95% CI: 82.5–97.0%) and 89.8% (95% CI: 85.5–92.9%), respectively. PPV and NPV for AF/Afl were 45.7% (95% CI: 22.4–70.9%) and 98.8% (95% CI: 97.1–99.5%), respectively. GP interpretation skills did not improve in case-vignettes where the outcome of automatic AF-detection algorithm was provided. In detecting any relevant ECG abnormality (prevalence 22%), sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 96.3% (95% CI: 92.8–98.2%), 68.8% (95% CI: 62.4–74.6%), 43.9% (95% CI: 27.7–61.5%) and 97.9% (95% CI: 94.9–99.1%), respectively.

Conclusions
GPs can safely rule out cardiac arrhythmias with 1L-ECGs. However, whenever an abnormality is suspected, confirmation by an expert-reader is warranted.
Aging, Vestibular Function, and Balance: Proceedings of a National Institute on Aging/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Workshop
Authors: Agrawal Yuri , Merfeld Daniel M , Horak Fay B , Redfern Mark S , Manor Brad , Westlake Kelly P , Holstein Gay R , Smith Paul F , Bhatt Tanvi , Bohnen Nicolaas I , Lipsitz Lewis A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBalance impairment and falls are among the most prevalent and morbid conditions affecting older adults. A critical contributor to balance and gait function is the vestibular system; however, there remain substantial knowledge gaps regarding age-related vestibular loss and its contribution to balance impairment and falls in older adults. Given these knowledge gaps, the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders convened a multidisciplinary workshop in April 2019 that brought together experts from a wide array of disciplines, such as vestibular physiology, neuroscience, movement science, rehabilitation, and geriatrics. The goal of the workshop was to identify key knowledge gaps on vestibular function and balance control in older adults and develop a research agenda to make substantial advancements in the field. This article provides a report of the proceedings of this workshop. Three key questions emerged from the workshop, specifically: (i) How does aging impact vestibular function?; (ii) How do we know what is the contribution of age-related vestibular impairment to an older adult’s balance problem?; and more broadly, (iii) Can we develop a nosology of balance impairments in older adults that can guide clinical practice? For each of these key questions, the current knowledge is reviewed, and the critical knowledge gaps and research strategies to address them are discussed. This document outlines an ambitious 5- to 10-year research agenda for increasing knowledge related to vestibular impairment and balance control in older adults, with the ultimate goal of linking this knowledge to more effective treatment.
Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Associated With Arterial Vascular Disease
Authors: Card Timothy R , Zittan Eran , Nguyen Geoffrey C , Grainge Matthew J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
There is evidence that several inflammatory diseases are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Whether this is true for inflammatory bowel diseases remains controversial. We aimed to assess this risk, corrected for the effects of conventional vascular risk factors and IBD disease activity.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study in British general practice and hospital records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We extracted the records of subjects with IBD and matched controls from 1997 to 2017. We conducted Cox proportional hazards and self-controlled case series analyses to examine the associations of IBD, disease activity, and hospitalization with the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death in a manner attempting to remove the effect of likely confounders.

Results
We identified 31,175 IBD patients (16,779 UC, 10,721 Crohn’s disease, and 3675 unclassifiable cases) and 154,412 matched controls. Five hundred thirty-two myocardial infarctions, 555 strokes, and 469 cardiovascular deaths were observed in IBD cases. Our Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, showed no significant excess of vascular events for IBD patients overall. There was, however, an increased hazard of myocardial infarction in ambulatory patients for acute disease (hazard ratio, 1.83 [1.28–2.62]) and chronic activity (hazard ratio, 1.69 [1.24–2.30]). This effect of disease activity was confirmed in our case series analysis.

Conclusions
Though we have found no evidence of an overall excess of vascular events in IBD patients, our findings of increased risk with more active disease suggest the potential for anti-inflammatory therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk in this patient group.