bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Middle Eastern Crisis on Cleft Care: Evaluation of Demographic and Perioperative Data in Syrian Refugees With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Boynuyogun Etkin , Calis Mert , Kara Murat , Çinar Sevil , Ozgur Figen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The cleft lip and palate (CL/P) define a heterogeneous group of congenital deformities, which are morphologically highly diverse, with a complex and multifactorial etiology. Affected children may experience social problems due to negative effects on speech, hearing, facial appearance, as well as negative psychological effects on the parents. In 2011, after the civil war began in Syria, a great wave of immigration began to Turkey and other neighboring countries. Refugees may not be able to receive optimal health care because of cultural differences, socioeconomic status, language problems, and psychosocial problems. To increase awareness about this issue, the authors investigated the demographic, perioperative, and post-operative data of Syrian refugee patients with CL/P who were admitted to our cleft center between January 2016 and May 2019. Sixty-eight refugees with CL/P were detected as the result of the screening. Unlike the protocol the authors follow in our center, cleft lip repair was performed at an average of 7.6 months and cleft palate repair was performed at an average of 28.7 months of age. The rate of fistula was found 26.2%.
The civil war in Syria has caused the repair of the patients with cleft lip and palate at a later age, hampered the follow-up and treatment, and caused more complications. Considering the demographic, social, economic and cultural characteristics of the patients, it was demonstrated that the necessary health precautions and infrastructure should be provided on the pillar of plastic surgery.
The Effect of Zigzag Palatoplasty on the Repair of Cleft Palate and its Comparative Study With Sommerlad Palatoplasty and the Double Opposing Z Palatoplasty
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Qian , He Wei , Wang Fang , Chen Shang , Zhang Nini , Song Qinggao 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
At present, there are a variety of surgical methods for cleft palate repair, the authors first created the zigzag plasty of nasal mucosa musculature. The method is characteristic of better repair effect for anatomy and function of palatopharyngeal compared with the traditional method.

Methods:
Fifty patients with cleft palate were involved in this study, and treated with 3 different operative methods, respectively: zigzag palatoplasty for the repair of nasal mucosa myometrium (n = 17), Sommerlad palatoplasty (n = 18) and the double opposing Z palatoplasty (n = 15), respectively. The length of soft palate (the distance from incisor to the tip of uvula) and the distance from uvula to posterior pharynx before and after operation were selected as outcome index. The post-operative speech intelligibility, nasal resonance, and nasal leaking were also evaluated.

Results:
The results showed that the lengths of soft palate were increased by 14.50%, 13.23%, 10.10% with the zigzag palatoplasty, the double opposing Z palatoplasty and Sommerlad palatoplasty, respectively; the distances from the vertical tip to the posterior pharyngeal wall of 3 kinds of operation were reduced by 49.03%, 47.78%, 49.03%, respectively. The comparison of speech intelligibility, nasal resonance and nasal resonance assessment between/among groups were not significant.

Conclusion:
The authors’ research showed that the effect of zigzag palatoplasty works well in the repair of nasal mucosa myometrium and can be used as an optional method for functional repair of cleft palate.
The Effectiveness of a New Dispatcher-Assisted Basic Life Support Training Program on Quality in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performance During Training and Willingness to Perform Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Park Gwan Jin , Kong So Yeon Joyce , Song Kyoung Jun , Shin Sang Do , Kim Tae Han , Ro Young Sun , Myklebust Helge , Birkenes Tonje Soraas 
Published: June 2020

Introduction
A new dispatcher-assisted basic life support training program, called “Home Education and Resuscitation Outcome Study (HEROS)” was developed with a goal to provide high-quality dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, with a focus on untrained home bystanders. This study aimed to determine whether the HEROS program is associated with improved quality in CPR performance during training and willingness to provide bystander CPR compared with other basic life support programs without dispatcher-assisted CPR (non-HEROS).

Methods
This clustered randomized trial was conducted in 3 district health centers in Seoul. Intervention group was trained with the HEROS program and control group was trained with non-HEROS program. The primary outcome was overall CPR quality, measured as total CPR score. Secondary outcomes were other CPR quality parameters including average compression depth and rate, percentages of adequate depth, and acceptable release. Tertiary outcomes were posttraining survey results. Difference in difference analysis was performed to analyze the outcomes.

Results
Among total 1929 trainees, 907 (47.0%) were trained with HEROS program. Compared with the non-HEROS group, the HEROS group showed higher-quality CPR performances and better maintenance of their CPR quality throughout the course (total scores of 84% vs. 80% for first session and 72% vs. 67% for last session; difference in difference of 12.2 vs. 13.2). Other individual CPR parameters also showed significantly higher quality in the HEROS group. The posttraining survey showed that both groups were highly willing to perform bystander CPR (91.4% in the HEROS vs. 92.3% in the non-HEROS) with only 3.4% of respondents in the HEROS group were not willing to volunteer compared with 6.2% in the non-HEROS group (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The HEROS training program helped trainees perform high-quality CPR throughout the course and enhanced their willingness to provide bystander CPR.
SARS-CoV-2 Simulations Go Exascale to Capture Spike Opening and Reveal Cryptic Pockets Across the Proteome
Authors: Zimmerman Maxwell I. , Porter Justin R. , Ward Michael D. , Singh Sukrit , Vithani Neha , Meller Artur , Mallimadugula Upasana L. , Kuhn Catherine E. , Borowsky Jonathan H. , Wiewiora Rafal P. , Hurley Matthew F. D. , Harbison Aoife M , Fogarty Carl A , Coffland Joseph E. , Fadda Elisa , Voelz Vincent A. , Chodera John D. , Bowman Gregory R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has intricate mechanisms for initiating infection, immune evasion/suppression, and replication, which depend on the structure and dynamics of its constituent proteins. Many protein structures have been solved, but far less is known about their relevant conformational changes. To address this challenge, over a million citizen scientists banded together through the Folding@home distributed computing project to create the first exascale computer and simulate an unprecedented 0.1 seconds of the viral proteome. Our simulations capture dramatic opening of the apo Spike complex, far beyond that seen experimentally, which explains and successfully predicts the existence of ‘cryptic’ epitopes. Different Spike homologues modulate the probabilities of open versus closed structures, balancing receptor binding and immune evasion. We also observe dramatic conformational changes across the proteome, which reveal over 50 ‘cryptic’ pockets that expand targeting options for the design of antivirals. All data and models are freely available online, providing a quantitative structural atlas.
Global profiling of the crotonylome in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Guo Zongpei , Gu Meng , Huang Jiaqiang , Zhou Ping-kun , Ma Teng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer is a deadly neuroendocrine lung cancer subtype, which harbors the driver mutations ofRB1andTP53as well asEP300/CREBBP. Since CREBBP/p300 are two prominent crotonyl-CoA transferases responsible for the global crotonylation in cells, here we investigated the crotonylome in SCLC tissues compared with normal lung tissues through TMT labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS and found unique patterns of protein crotonylation in SCLC related pathways.
Linear and nonlinear chromatic integration in the mouse retina
Authors: Khani Mohammad Hossein , Gollisch Tim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe computation performed by a neural circuit depends on how it integrates its input signals into an output of its own. In the retina, ganglion cells integrate visual information over time, space, and chromatic channels. Unlike the former two, chromatic integration in the retina is largely unexplored. Analogous to classical studies of spatial integration, we here studied chromatic integration in mouse retina by identifying chromatic stimuli for which activation from one cone type is maximally balanced by deactivation in the other cone type. This revealed nonlinear chromatic integration in subsets of On, Off, and On-Off ganglion cells. Nonlinear On cells differed from the other two classes by displaying response suppression rather than activation under balanced chromatic stimulation. Furthermore, nonlinear chromatic integration occurs independently of nonlinear spatial integration, depends on inhibitory signals from the receptive field surround, and may provide information about chromatic boundaries, such as the skyline in natural scenes.
Dissociation of tic generation from tic expression during the sleep-wake cycle
Authors: Harduf Esther Vinner , Matzner Ayala , Belelovsky Katya , Bar-Gad Izhar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMotor tics, the hallmark of Tourette syndrome, are modulated by different behavioral and environmental factors. A major modulating factor is the sleep-wake cycle in which tics are attenuated to a large extent during sleep. This study demonstrates a similar reduction in tic expression during sleep in an animal model of chronic tic disorders and investigates the underlying neural mechanism. We recorded the neuronal activity during spontaneous sleep-wake cycles throughout continuous GABAAantagonist infusion into the striatum. Analysis of video streams and concurrent kinematic assessments indicated tic reduction during sleep in both frequency and intensity. Extracellular recordings in the striatum revealed a state dependent dissociation between motor tic expression and their macro-level neural correlates (“LFP spikes”) during the sleep-wake cycle. LFP spikes, which are highly correlated with tic expression during wakefulness, persisted during tic-free sleep and did not change their properties despite the reduced behavioral expression. Local, micro-level, activity near the infusion site was time-locked to the LFP spikes during wakefulness but this locking decreased significantly during sleep. These results suggest that while LFP spikes encode motor tic generation and feasibility, the behavioral expression of tics requires local striatal neural activity entrained to the LFP spikes, leading to the propagation of the activity to downstream targets and consequently their motor expression. These findings point to a possible mechanism for the modulation of tic expression in TS patients during sleep and potentially during other behavioral states.SummaryThe expression of motor tics, the defining symptom of Tourette syndrome, is modulated by environmental and behavioral factors. In this study, we explored tic modulation during the sleep-wake cycle and its underlying neurophysiological mechanism, using the rat model of chronic motor tic expression. Behaviorally, during sleep, tic frequency and intensity declined considerably. Physiologically, however, the macro-level neural correlates (termed “LFP spikes”) of tics persisted throughout the sleep-wake cycle, whereas the micro-level correlates were reduced during sleep. This dissociation between neuronal activity and its behavioral expression leads not only to a better understanding of tic modulation during sleep but may also suggest potential ways of affecting tic expression during natural behavior and when exposed to external modulating factors.HighlightsThe wake-sleep cycle modulates tic expression in chronically tic-expressing ratsSleep attenuates tics in the rats reminiscent of the phenomenon in TS PatientsDuring tic-less sleep tic generation persists via LFP spikesDuring sleep tic expression is blocked via striatal activity desynchronization
The Arabidopsis bZIP19 and bZIP23 transcription factors act as zinc-sensors to control plant zinc status
Authors: Lilay Grmay H. , Persson Daniel P. , Castro Pedro Humberto , Liao Feixue , Alexander Ross D. , Aarts Mark G.M. , Assunção Ana G.L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals because of its structural and catalytic roles in many proteins. Zn deficiency affectsca. two billion people, mainly those living on plant-based diets that rely on crops from Zn deficient soils. Plants maintain adequate Zn levels through tightly regulated Zn homeostasis mechanisms, involving Zn uptake, distribution and storage, but it was not known how they sense Zn status. We usein vitroandin plantaapproaches to show that theArabidopsis thalianaF-group bZIP transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23, which are the central regulators of the Zn deficiency response, act as Zn sensors by binding Zn2+ions to a Zn sensor motif (ZSM). Deletions or modifications of this ZSM disrupts Zn binding, leading to a constitutive transcriptional Zn deficiency response, which causes a significant increase in plant and seed Zn accumulation. Since the ZSM is highly conserved in F-bZIPs across land plants, the identification of the first plant Zn-sensor will promote new strategies to improve the Zn nutritional quality of plant-derived food and feed, and contribute to tackle the global Zn deficiency health problem.
Geometric deep learning on brain shape predicts sex and age
Authors: Besson Pierre , Parrish Todd , Katsaggelos Aggelos K. , Bandt S. Kathleen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe complex relationship between the shape and function of the human brain remains elusive despite extensive studies of cortical folding over many decades. The analysis of cortical gyrification presents an opportunity to advance our knowledge about this relationship, and better understand the etiology of a variety of pathologies involving diverse degrees of cortical folding abnormalities. Surface-based approaches have been shown to be particularly efficient in their ability to accurately describe the folded sheet topology of the cortical ribbon. However, the utility of these approaches has been blunted by their reliance on manually defined features in order to capture all relevant geometric properties of cortical folding. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning based method to analyze cortical folding patterns in a data-driven way that alleviates this reliance on manual feature definition. This method builds on the emerging field of geometric deep-learning and uses convolutional neural network architecture adapted to the surface representation of the cortical ribbon. MRI data from 6,410 healthy subjects obtained from 11 publicly available data repositories were used to predict age and sex via brain shape analysis. Ages ranged from 6-89 years. Both inner and outer cortical surfaces were extracted using Freesurfer and then registered into MNI space. Two gCNNs were trained, the first of which to predict subject’s self-identified sex, the second of which to predict subject’s age. Class Activation Maps (CAM) and Regression Activation Maps (RAM) were constructed to map the topographic distribution of the most influential brain regions involved in the decision process for each gCNN. Using this approach, the gCNN was able to predict a subject’s sex with an average accuracy of 87.99% and achieved a Person’s coefficient of correlation of 0.93 with an average absolute error 4.58 years when predicting a subject’s age.
Functional characterization of human Heschl’s gyrus in response to natural speech
Authors: Khalighinejad Bahar , Herrero Jose L. , Bickel Stephan , Mehta Ashesh D. , Mesgarani Nima 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeschl’s gyrus (HG) is a brain area that includes the primary auditory cortex in humans. Due to the limitations in obtaining direct neural measurements from this region during naturalistic speech listening, the functional organization and the role of HG in speech perception remains uncertain. Here, we used intracranial EEG to directly record the neural activity in HG in eight neurosurgical patients as they listened to continuous speech stories. We studied the spatial distribution of acoustic tuning and the organization of linguistic feature encoding. We found a main gradient of change from posteromedial to anterolateral parts of HG. Along this direction, we observed a decrease in frequency and temporal modulation tuning, and an increase in phonemic representation, speaker normalization, speech-sensitivity, and response latency. We did not observe a difference between the two brain hemispheres. These findings reveal a functional role for HG in processing and transforming simple to complex acoustic features and informs neurophysiological models of speech processing in the human auditory cortex.
Enhanced hippocampal theta rhythmicity and emergence of eta oscillation in virtual reality
Authors: Safaryan Karen , Mehta Mayank R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHippocampal theta oscillations in rodents profoundly impact neural activity, spatial coding, and synaptic plasticity and learning. What are the sensory mechanisms governing slow oscillations? We hypothesized that the nature of multisensory inputs is a crucial factor in hippocampal rhythmogenesis. We compared the rat hippocampal slow oscillations in the multisensory-rich real world (RW) and in a body-fixed, visual virtual reality (VR). The amplitude and rhythmicity of the hippocampal ~8 Hz theta were enhanced in VR compared to RW. This was accompanied by the emergence of a ~4 Hz oscillation, termed the eta rhythm, evident in the local field potential (LFP) in VR, but not in RW. Similar to theta, eta band amplitude increased with running speed in VR, but not in RW. However, contrary to theta, eta amplitude was highest in the CA1 cell layer, implicating intra-CA1 mechanisms. Consistently, putative CA1 interneurons, but not pyramidal neurons, showed substantially more eta modulation in VR than in RW. These results elucidate the multisensory mechanisms of hippocampal rhythms and the surprising effects of VR on enhancing these rhythms, which has not been achieved pharmacologically and has significant broader implications for VR use in humans.One Sentence SummaryNavigation in virtual reality greatly enhances hippocampal 8Hz theta rhythmicity, and generates a novel, ~4Hz eta rhythm that is localized in the CA1 cell layer and influences interneurons more than pyramidal neurons.
Consensus Finder web tool to predict stabilizing substitutions in proteins
Authors: Jones Bryan J. , Kan Chi Nok Enoch , Luo Christine , Kazlauskas Romas J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe consensus sequence approach to predicting stabilizing substitutions in proteins rests on the notion that conserved amino acids are more likely to contribute to the stability of a protein fold than non-conserved amino acids. To implement a prediction for a target protein sequence, one finds homologous sequences and aligns them in a multiple sequence alignment. The sequence of the most frequently occurring amino acid at each position is the consensus sequence. Replacement of a rarely occurring amino acid in the target with a frequently occurring amino acid is predicted to be stabilizing. Consensus Finder is an open-source web tool that automates this prediction. This chapter reviews the rationale for the consensus sequence approach and explains the options for fine-tuning this approach usingStaphylococcusnuclease A as an example.
Plant-microbe-mediated decrease of greenhouse gases under dynamic wetland hydrology
Authors: Bledsoe Regina B. , Finlay Colin G. , Peralta Ariane L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile wetlands represent a small fraction (∼5-10%) of the world’s land surface, it is estimated that one third of wetlands have been lost due to human activities. Wetland habitat loss decreases ecosystem benefits such as improving water quality and mitigating climate change. These microbially mediated functions are dependent on redox conditions, which are altered by soil hydrology and the presence of plants. In this study, we hypothesized that redox status due to continuous flooding would support greater abundance of microbial taxa involved in methanogenesis (obligate anaerobes), but plant-mediated oxygen transport would decrease methane emissions. Using a mesocosm design, we manipulated the duration of hydrologic conditions (i.e., stable dry, stable flooding, and alternating wet/dry) and presence of plants to induce soil redox changes in wetland soils. We measured soil redox status, used targeted amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterize microbial communities, and measured greenhouse gas production to assess microbial function. Results showed that hydrologic history influenced microbial community composition while plant presence and hydrologic treatment altered microbial functional gene composition to a lesser degree. Plant presence decreased greenhouse gas production while differences in the community composition of functional genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, denitrification, and methanogenesis also explained variation in emissions of carbon dioxide and to a lesser extent, methane. While previous studies do not often include plants when assessing greenhouse gas emissions, this study highlights that plant-mediated decreases in greenhouse gas emissions are important and plant-mediated effects should be considered when estimating the carbon balance of ecosystems.ImportanceThis study revealed that initial hydrologic conditions (compared to manipulated hydrology) strongly influenced microbial community composition more than function. Specifically, results showed that hydrology is a strong environmental filter that determines microbial taxonomic and functional community patterns, short-term redox changes that are most distinct from historic redox conditions shift microbial communities, and plant presence can stabilize redox shifts and mediate greenhouse gas production. These results highlight the importance of plant presence and the duration of flooding and drying periods to wetland greenhouse gas production.