bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating models of how morphological awareness connects to reading comprehension: A study in Portuguese
Authors: Oliveira Márcia , Levesque Kyle C. , Deacon S. Hélène , da Mota Márcia Maria Peruzzi Elia 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundReading comprehension is a complex skill, drawing on a range of resources. One is morphological awareness, or the awareness of the smallest meaningful units in language. Testing the predictions of the Simple View of Reading, we evaluate how morphological awareness relates to reading comprehension in a relatively transparent orthography.MethodThere were 70 Portuguese‐speaking children in Grade 2 in our study. The children completed measures of morphological awareness and reading comprehension, along with two potential mediators: word reading and listening comprehension. Children also completed control measures of phonological awareness and nonverbal ability.ResultsPath analysis showed that there were indirect effects of morphological awareness on reading comprehension through each of word reading and listening comprehension. There was no significant direct effect of morphological awareness on reading comprehension beyond these mediators and controls.ConclusionsOur results provide a novel empirical confirmation of the predictions of current models of reading comprehension. We do so for readers of a relatively transparent orthography.HighlightsWhat is already known about this topic

Many studies with English‐speaking children have demonstrated that morphological awareness contributes to reading comprehension.
Much less is known about how this relation works and if it holds for readers of relatively transparent orthographies.
What this paper adds

This study shows that the relation between morphological awareness and reading comprehension holds for children learning to read in the relatively transparent orthography of Portuguese.
This study also shows just how these relations work. For Portuguese‐speaking children in Grade 2, the relation between morphological awareness and reading comprehension is fully mediated by word reading and listening comprehension.
Implications for theory, policy or practice

Our findings provide support for the Simple View of Reading, highlighting the dual roles of word reading and listening comprehension in reading comprehension.
Our findings point to targets for intervention; morphological awareness instruction might be most effective if paired with instruction on how morphology impacts both word reading and oral language.
Vestigial suppresses apoptosis and cell migration in a manner dependent on the level of JNK‐Caspase signaling in the Drosophila wing disc
Authors: Fan Wen‐Min , Luo Dan , Zhang Jun‐Zheng , Wang Dan , Shen Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Wingless (Wg) signal pathways play important roles in numerous biological processes in Drosophila. The Drosophila vestigial (vg) gene is selectively required for wing imaginal disc cell proliferation, which is essential for the formation of the adult wing and halter structures, and is regulated by Dpp and Wg signaling. Using a Drosophila invasion model of wing epithelium, we showed herein that inhibition of Dpp or Wg signaling promoted cells to migrate across the cell lineage restrictive anterior/posterior (A/P) compartment boundary. Being downstream of both Dpp and Wg signaling, vg can block cell migration induced by loss of either pathway. In addition, suppression of vg is sufficient to induce cell migration across the A/P boundary. Transcriptomic analysis revealed potential downstream genes involved in the cell migration after suppressing vg in the wing disc. We further demonstrated that the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling promoted cell migration induced by vg suppression by upregulating Caspase activity. Taken together, our results revealed the requirement of Vg for suppressing cell migration and clarified how developmental signals collaborate to stabilize cells along the compartment boundary.
Playing with Fire: The 4th Duke of Hamilton's Jacobite Politics and the Union
Authors: Szechi Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJames Hamilton, duke of Hamilton and the Scots jacobites are generally linked in analyses of the final years of the Scots polity. Indeed, Hamilton is often presented as the leader of the jacobite party in the Scottish parliament. Yet both contemporaries and historians have been unsure what to make of his on‐again, off‐again, conduct with respect to the exiled Stuarts and France. This has fuelled an ongoing debate about Hamilton's erratic and highly enigmatic behaviour during the winter of 1706–7, when the Union was passing the Scottish parliament. Was he genuinely opposing the Union? Was he duped by the court? Or was he, ‘bought and sold for English gold ’? This essay takes a fresh look at the duke and his part in the Union crisis in the light of new and previously underused jacobite sources with a view to better understanding Hamilton's aims, objectives, and influence with this crucial group. Only the jacobites and the Cameronians were potentially willing to take their opposition to the Union to God's Acre. But neither party immediately flew to arms in response to passage of a union they both believed was a betrayal of everything they held dear, and Hamilton was a major factor in their failure to do so. This essay thus takes a close look at the duke's part in preventing a major national uprising against the Union in the winter of 1706–7 and advances a new interpretation of his conduct and significance throughout the Union crisis.
‘’Tis Not in the Power of Words to Tell What My Heart Feels in Favour of You’; or, What the Ossulston Diary Does Not Reveal
Authors: Littleton Charles 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCharles Bennet, 2nd Baron Ossulston is largely known through his diary of his daily social encounters, which was first analysed for its political import by Clyve Jones. A further set of documents in the Bennet family papers deepens our understanding of Ossulston's life and his social milieu among the aristocracy under Queen Anne. The love letters sent to him from a Mrs Sarah Sidney throughout 1710 reveal much about life in the aristocratic hothouse of St James's Square. They also show how the ‘ministerial revolution’ of that year was seen by two politically conversant figures at the margins of the royal court. This relationship was long‐lasting and has been a hitherto unknown aspect of Ossulston's life, which may help explain some of his attitudes.
Party and Management in the Irish House of Lords, 1713–15
Authors: Hayton D.W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ‘constitutional revolution’ which occurred in Ireland after 1691 meant that parliamentary management became one of the prime functions of the viceroyalty. Interest focused on the Commons, where supply legislation was drafted. But the upper House, though smaller, less busy, and on the whole more easily managed, could not be ignored, since it could still cause major problems for government. The situation for the incoming ministers in 1714 was problematic, since the Lords had been a tory stronghold, and the ‘Church party’, buttressed by the bishops, remained powerful. The situation was a mirror image of Westminster in 1710, when Robert Harley's tory ministry had to cope with a whig‐dominated house of lords. This essay analyses the means by which Lord Lieutenant Sunderland (1714–15), and his successors, Lords Justices Grafton and Galway, brought the Irish upper House under control, constructing a court party with some of the elements which Clyve Jones has identified as having been crucial to Harley's strategy in 1710–14: moderate or non‐party men, pensioners and placemen depending on government largess, new episcopal appointments and a block creation of peerages. In Ireland it was the new peers who played the most important part. The whigs were able to make some inroads into the episcopal bench, previously a stronghold of toryism, until the issue of relief for dissenters rekindled anxiety over the maintenance of the ecclesiastical establishment, prefiguring future problems.
The Members of the House of Lords and the Hanoverian Succession
Authors: Handley Stuart 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis essay examines what happened in August and September 1714, from the death of Queen Anne on 1 August to the swearing‐in of the new privy council on 1 October, specifically from the perspective of the membership of the house of lords. It confirms that most members were present in London during this period and active in parliament, the privy council, the regency, and politics generally. Very few were absent without a good reason.
‘Hereditary Guardians of the Nation’: The House of Lords and the East India Company in the Age of the American Revolution
Authors: Connors Richard , Gilding Ben 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe reform of the East India Company following its acquisition of vast territories in Bengal in the mid 1760s raised hopes that it could provide Britain with a fund to alleviate the burdens of the national debt in the wake of the failure of American taxation. Concomitantly, it elicited genuine fears that the acquisition of such revenues and patronage by the state would radically augment the already overgrown ‘influence of the crown’. Studies of the parliamentary debates surrounding East India reform have consistently emphasized the house of commons as the principal scene of action. Inspired by the work of Clyve Jones in reasserting the centrality of the house of lords as a ‘pillar’ of the 18th‐century constitution, this essay seeks to redress the balance, arguing that the Lords was a key arena through which co‐ordinated parliamentary and extra‐parliamentary activities and press campaigns altered the trajectory of the regulation and reform of the East India Company. Through the use of its distinct privileges, such as the right of opposition lords to protest any vote of the House and the right of peers to an audience with the monarch, as well as its determination to uphold its status as a mediator between the powers of the crown and the Commons, the upper chamber played a crucial role in shaping debates in the 1770s and 1780s over the future of the East India Company and its place in a burgeoning British Empire.
Fixing the Membership of the Lords and Commons: The Case of Sir John Cam Hobhouse and the Nottingham By‐Election, 1834
Authors: Beckett John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen Melbourne replaced Grey in 1834 he looked to recruit men with experience to join his government. He enlisted Sir John Cam Hobhouse, but Hobhouse needed a seat in the Commons. This was achieved by a writ of acceleration, whereby Viscount Duncannon, one of the sitting MPs for Nottingham, was called into the Lords in his father's lifetime to release a seat in the Commons. Writs had normally been used to strengthen the power of the government in the Lords, and the resentment in Nottingham at this political fix was expressed in a full‐scale contest with accusations that the town was being turned into a government nomination borough. Hobhouse might have hoped for a free run as he had already been appointed to the cabinet. Rather, he was forced to fight for the seat, and to go through most of the activities more frequently associated with general elections.
Structure of intact IgE and the mechanism of ligelizumab revealed by electron microscopy
Authors: Jensen Rasmus K. , Jabs Frederic , Miehe Michaela , Mølgaard Brian , Pfützner Wolfgang , Möbs Christian , Spillner Edzard , Andersen Gregers R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIgE is the central antibody isotype in TH2‐biased immunity and allergic diseases. The structure of intact IgE and the impact of IgE‐targeting molecules on IgE however remain elusive. In order to obtain insights into IgE biology and the clinical impact, we aimed for structure determination of IgE and the complex of IgE with the anti‐IgE antibody ligelizumab.MethodsStructures of two distinct intact IgE with specificity for cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants and Der p 2 as well as complexes of ligelizumab‐Fab with IgE and IgE Fc were assessed by negative stain electron microscopy and solution scattering. Inhibition of IgE binding and displacement of receptor‐bound IgE were assessed using cellular assays, basophil activation testing and ELIFAB assays.ResultsOur data reveal that the investigated IgE molecules share an overall rigid conformation. In contrast to the IgE Fc fragment, the IgE Fc in intact IgE is significantly less asymmetrically bent. The proximal and the distal Fabs are rigidly tethered to the Fc. Binding of ligelizumab to IgE in a 2:1 stoichiometry induces an extended and twofold symmetrical conformation of IgE, which retains a rigid Fab‐Fc architecture. Analyses of effector cell activation revealed that ligelizumab inhibits IgE binding without displacing receptor‐bound IgE. Together with an interference of CD23 binding, the data underline a functional activity similar to omalizumab.ConclusionsOur data reveal the first structures of intact IgE suggesting that the IgE Fab is fixed relative to the Fc. Furthermore, we provide a structural rationale for the inhibitory mechanism of ligelizumab.
Peri‐articular infiltration analgesia for shoulder surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yung E. M. , Patel N. , Brull R. , Abdallah F. W. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryEffective analgesic alternatives to interscalene brachial plexus block are sought for shoulder surgery. Peri‐articular infiltration analgesia is a novel, less invasive technique, but evidence surrounding its use is unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the utility of peri‐articular infiltration analgesia in shoulder surgery. We searched literature for trials comparing peri‐articular infiltration analgesia with control or with interscalene brachial plexus block. Control groups received no intervention, placebo or systemic opioids. The primary outcome was cumulative oral morphine equivalent consumption during the first 24 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included: rest pain scores up to 48 h; risk of side‐effects; and durations of post‐anaesthetic care unit and hospital stay. Data were pooled with random‐effects modelling. Seven trials (383 patients) were included. Compared with control, peri‐articular infiltration analgesia reduced 24‐h oral morphine consumption by a mean difference (95%CI) of −38.0 mg (−65.5 to −10.5; p = 0.007). It also improved pain scores up to 6 h, 36 h and 48 h, with the greatest improvement observed at 0 h (−2.4 (−2.7 to −1.6); p < 0.001). Peri‐articular infiltration analgesia decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting by an odds ratio (95%CI) of 0.3 (0.1–0.7; p = 0.006). In contrast, peri‐articular infiltration analgesia was not different from interscalene brachial plexus block for analgesic consumption, pain scores or side‐effects. This review provides moderate evidence supporting peri‐articular infiltration for postoperative analgesia following shoulder surgery. The absence of difference between peri‐articular infiltration analgesia and interscalene brachial plexus block for analgesic outcomes suggests that these interventions are comparable, but further trials are needed to support this conclusion and identify the optimal peri‐articular infiltration technique.
Pre‐ and postnatal growth failure with microcephaly due to two novel heterozygous IGF1R mutations and response to growth hormone treatment
Authors: Gkourogianni Alexandra , Andrade Anenisia C. , Jonsson Björn‐Anders , Segerlund Emma , Werner‐Sperker Antje , Horemuzova Eva , Dahlgren Jovanna , Burstedt Magnus , Nilsson Ola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the phenotype and response to growth hormone in patients with heterozygous mutations in the insulin‐like growth factor I receptor gene (IGF1R).MethodsChildren with short stature, microcephaly, born SGA combined with biochemical sign of IGF‐I insensitivity were analysed for IGF1R mutations or deletions using Sanger sequencing and Multiple ligation‐dependent probe amplification analysis.ResultsIn two families, a novel heterozygous non‐synonymous missense IGF1R variant was identified. In family 1, c.3364G > T, p.(Gly1122Cys) was found in the proband and co‐segregated perfectly with the phenotype in three generations. In family 2, a de novo variant c.3530G > A, p.(Arg1177His) was detected. Both variants were rare, not present in the GnomAD database. Three individuals carrying IGF1R mutations have received rhGH treatment. The average gain in height SDS during treatment was 0.42 (range: 0.26‐0.60) and 0.64 (range: 0.32‐0.86) after 1 and 2 years of treatment, respectively.ConclusionOur study presents two heterozygous IGF1R mutations causing pre‐ and postnatal growth failure and microcephaly and also indicates that individuals with heterozygous IGF1R mutations can respond to rhGH treatment. The findings highlight that sequencing of the IGF1R should be considered in children with microcephaly and short stature due to pre‐ and postnatal growth failure.
Haematological reference intervals of wild southern Australian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Authors: Fabijan J , Speight N , Boardman WSJ , Hemmatzadeh F , Trott DJ , Woolford L 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveCurrent haematology reference intervals (RIs) for koalas were developed in northern Australian koalas, using low numbers and/or individuals of unknown Chlamydia pecorum and koala retrovirus (KoRV) status. This study developed haematological RIs for wild, clinically healthy southern Australian koalas of known C. pecorum and KoRV infection status and investigated the effects of population, age and sex.MethodsHaematological RIs were determined for 138 clinically healthy South Australian koalas (Mount Lofty Ranges [MLR], n = 68; Kangaroo Island, n = 70) examined in April 2016 and February 2017, respectively. C. pecorum and KoRV status were determined by PCR.ResultsRIs for southern koala haematological parameters were established for all koalas based on the finding that there were limited differences in haematological values in koalas with subclinical C. pecorum or KoRV infections (P > 0.05), except KoRV‐infected koalas had a lower haematocrit than noninfected koalas. MLR koalas had significantly lower erythrocyte mass and leucocyte counts than Kangaroo Island koalas. Young koalas had significantly lower haemoglobin, haematocrit and higher mean cellular haemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte counts than adult koalas. MLR male koalas had elevated erythrocyte, leucocyte and neutrophil counts compared with MLR females.ConclusionThe haematological RIs developed in this study are based on a large number of clinically healthy koalas, where subclinical C. pecorum and KoRV infections had no effect on haematological values and will be a valuable tool during clinical examination and disease investigation by veterinarians and researchers Australia‐wide.
Protective effects of doxepin cream on radiation dermatitis in breast cancer: A single arm double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shariati Laleh , Amouheidari Alireza , Naji Esfahani Hajar , Abed Alireza , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh , Laher Ismail , Ghasemi Ahmad , Vaseghi Golnaz 
Published: February 2020

AimsBreast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women. Lumpectomy followed by radiotherapy is suggested to be as effective as a total mastectomy. Radiation‐induced dermatitis often occurs as a result of breast radiotherapy. Recent studies suggest that doxepin has promising anti‐inflammatory properties. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of doxepin therapy on radiation dermatitis.MethodsA double‐blind randomized clinical trial was launched from 2016 to 2017, with a total of 48 patients who had undergone breast‐conserving surgery and received postoperative radiation therapy. Radiotherapy was applied 5 days per week for 5 weeks. Adverse dermatological effects were evaluated by a physician at the beginning of the fifth week of radiotherapy and the patients were then randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive either doxepin (5%) or placebo cream for 7 days.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the dermatitis grade between doxepin and placebo groups at baseline (P > .5). The occurrence of acute dermatitis (grade 2 or higher) was significantly lower with the use of doxepin than with placebo (P ≤ .0001, Zα = 1.96 at 95% confidence interval).ConclusionDoxepin cream prevents dermatitis grade 2 or higher during post‐operative breast irradiation. Doxepin cream is easy to use, affordable and prevents pain and irritation.
P7C3‐A20 alleviates fatty liver by shaping gut microbiota and inducing FGF21/FGF1, via the AMP‐activated protein kinase/CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 pathway
Authors: Hua Xia , Sun Di‐Yang , Zhang Wen‐Jie , Fu Jiang‐Tao , Tong Jie , Sun Si‐Jia , Zeng Fei‐Yan , Ouyang Shen‐Xi , Zhang Guo‐Yan , Wang Shu‐Na , Li Dong‐Jie , Miao Chao‐Yu , Wang Pei 
Published: February 2020

Background and PurposeNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide public health problem with no established pharmacological therapy. Here, we explored the potential benefit of P7C3‐A20, a novel aminopropyl carbazole compound with neuroprotective activity, in a NAFLD model, induced in mice by a high‐fat diet (HFD).Experimental ApproachC57BL/6J mice were given a HFD (42% fat content) for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD. P7C3‐A20 (20 mg·kg−1·day−1) was given by gavage for 2 weeks. Indirect calorimetry, histological analysis, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and biomedical examinations were performed. Gut microbiota were determined using a 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing analysis.Key ResultsP7C3‐A20 treatment reduced body weight gain/adiposity, improved insulin resistance, promoted energy expenditure (O2 consumption/CO2 production), inhibited lipid oxidation, suppressed hepatic inflammation (Kupffer cell number and pro‐inflammatory factors), decreased necroptosis/apoptosis (receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3, cleaved caspase‐3, and TUNEL), and alleviated liver fibrosis and injury. Mechanistically, P7C3‐A20 stimulated FGF21 and FGF1 via activating liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which further resulted in a reduced nuclear translocation of CREB‐regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2). In AMPKα2 knockout mice, the protection of P7C3‐A20 against HFD‐induced metabolism abnormalities and fat accumulation, as well as the elevation of blood FGF21 and FGF1, was abolished. P7C3‐A20 increased the gut microbiota species richness. Moreover, it enhanced the proportions of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Prevotellaceae, while reducing the proportions of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia, and Parasutterella.Conclusions and ImplicationsP7C3‐A20 increased levels of NAD+ and alleviated NAFLD through stimulating FGF21 and FGF1 in an LKB1/AMPK/CRTC2‐dependent manner and shaping gut microbiota.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Cellular metabolism and diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.10/issuetoc