bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feature selection for OPLS discriminant analysis of cancer tissue lipidomics data
Authors: Tokareva Alisa O. , Chagovets Vitaliy V. , Starodubtseva Natalia L. , Nazarova Niso M. , Nekrasova Maria E. , Kononikhin Alexey S. , Frankevich Vladimir E. , Nikolaev Evgeny N. , Sukhikh Gennady T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mass spectrometry‐based molecular profiling can be used for better differentiation between normal and cancer tissues and for the detection of neoplastic transformation, which is of great importance for diagnostics of a pathology, prognosis of its evolution trend, and development of a treatment strategy. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of tissue classification approaches based on various data sets derived from the molecular profile of the organic solvent extracts of a tissue. A set of possibilities are considered for the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis: all mass spectrometric peaks over 300 counts threshold, subset of peaks selected by ranking with support vector machine algorithm, peaks selected by random forest algorithm, peaks with the statistically significant difference of the intensity determined by the Mann‐Whitney U test, peaks identified as lipids, and both identified and significantly different peaks. The best predictive potential is obtained for OPLS‐DA model built on nonpolar glycerolipids (Q2 = 0.64, area under curve [AUC] = 0.95); the second one is OPLS‐DA model with lipid peaks selected by random forest algorithm (Q2 = 0.58, AUC = 0.87). Moreover, models based on particular molecular classes are more preferable from biological point of view, resulting in new explanatory mechanisms of pathophysiology and providing a pathway analysis. Another promising features for OPLS‐DA modeling are phosphatidylethanolamines (Q2 = 0.48, AUC = 0.86).
Terrestrial water storage and Pacific SST affect the monthly water balance of Itacaiúnas River Basin (Eastern Amazonia)
Authors: Cavalcante Rosane B. L. , Pontes Paulo R. M. , Tedeschi Renata G. , Costa Cláudia P. W. , Ferreira Douglas B. S. , Souza‐Filho Pedro W. M. , de Souza Everaldo B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAt subannual timescales, terrestrial water storage (TWS) plays a critical role in the partitioning of precipitation into runoff and evapotranspiration, and Amazonia stands out due to the great amplitude of the annual cycles. In this study, we analyse the monthly variation of the water balance and extreme hydrological events using GRACE data for a watershed situated in the “arc‐of‐deforestation” in the Eastern Brazilian Legal Amazon. The existence of a correlation and lag time response between the monthly sea surface temperatures in the Pacific and North Atlantic and the variables of the water balance were also investigated. The results showed a weak seasonal cycle of evapotranspiration, with higher water intercepted by the vegetation canopy in the rainy season and higher potential evapotranspiration supplied by TWS in the dry season. The lowest value of water storage was reached in December 2015 during the strongest El Niño event observed in the analysed period (2002–2016). This value impacted the streamflow for at least the entire rainy season. The correlation analysis showed that positive anomalies of the Niño 3.4 index from October to March caused a significant decrease in precipitation in the following March to May and in November, a significant increase in the reference evapotranspiration in April and May, and longer lasting effects on the streamflow and TWS. Although the underlying mechanisms contributing to the time delays remain incompletely understood, the results indicate that consideration of the ENSO influence on the water balance and of the TWS influence on streamflow would improve flood and drought forecasts with benefits for water management.
Investigating the spatio‐temporal variations of nitrate leaching on a tea garden hillslope by combining HYDRUS‐3D and DNDC models
Authors: Lai Xiaoming , Liu Ya , Zhou Zhiwen , Zhu Qing , Liao Kaihua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpatio‐temporal variations of nitrate‐nitrogen (
‐N) leaching is driven by both soil hydrology and biogeochemistry. However, the widely used soil hydrology and biogeochemistry models have their weaknesses in simulating soil N cycling and soil water movement processes, respectively. In this study, we proposed an alternative approach by simply combining the HYDRUS‐3D and DNDC models to investigate the spatio‐temporal variations of ‐N leaching on a representative tea garden hillslope in Taihu Lake Basin, China. Results showed that the soil hydrology and N cycle were well simulated by HYDRUS‐3D and DNDC models, respectively. Based on the leaching equation, the soil water flux simulated by HYDRUS‐3D and soil ‐N content simulated by DNDC were combined to calculate the leachate ‐N concentrations with good accuracy. The accumulative ‐N leaching flux during the simulation year was 71.7 kg N ha−1, with remarkable spatio‐temporal variations on this hillslope. Hot spots of ‐N leaching were observed in blocks 24, 27, 31, 34, 37, and 40 with accumulative leaching fluxes > 82.0 kg N ha−1 y−1. The spatial variation of ‐N leaching was mainly controlled by soil texture and soil hydraulic properties. Hot moments of ‐N leaching were observed after the applications of spring fertilizer (16 March) and basal fertilizer (30 October). The temporal variation of ‐N leaching was mainly controlled by precipitation and the spring fertilization. Methods and findings of this study will be benefit for the risk assessment of non‐point source N loss and the precise agricultural management.
Will concerns for ski tourism promote pro‐environmental behaviour? An implication of protection motivation theory
Authors: Chen Fangfang , Dai Shanshan , Zhu Yiting , Xu Honggang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEncouraging mitigation behaviour at the personal level is vital to address the issue of global climate change. However, despite numerous climate change communication campaigns, a large percentage of people still feel reluctant to engage in mitigation behaviours. In this paper, we reconsidered the gap between people's objective knowledge on climate change and their mitigation intention in tourism context. By applying protection motivation theory (PMT) and construal level theory (CLT), we accessed the mediating role of threat appraisal and coping appraisal in the context of ski tourism. The results indicate that generally, appraisal of climate change's threat on ski tourism mediates the relationship between knowledge and behavioural intention. Besides, the role of coping appraisal is also partially supported. By contextualizing this study in tourism context and also by separating generally response efficacy from that in terms of ski tourism, we verified the effect of proximising climate change on encouraging mitigation behaviour. This study contributes to existing literature by (i) empirically examining knowledge as an antecedent of PMT and also (ii) incorporating CLT to PMT in a tourism context. The findings have important implications for encouraging personal mitigation behaviours.
A Novel Tablet‐Based Approach for Hearing Screening of the Pediatric Population, 516‐Patient Study
Authors: Xiao Lin , Zou Bin , Gao Li , Weng Meiling , Lando Matthew , Smith Ann E. , Barber Wayne , Yao Hongbing 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveAssess a tablet hearing game as a screening instrument for pediatric hearing loss.MethodsAll children age 3 to 13 presenting to the ENT clinic of a tertiary hospital clinic over a 3‐month period were eligible for study. Five hundred sixteen were entered by completing the tablet screen with calibrated tablet/headphones. All had full standard audiometry or otoacoustic emission testing to assess hearing status. Tablet game data was analyzed to find the best correlation to the air conduction audiogram. The appropriate pass threshold of the tablet game was established and the statistical accuracy of the tablet game versus the air conduction audio was assessed.ResultsThe overall rate of hearing loss was 29.7% (153 subjects). Conductive hearing loss predominated and was present in 128 children. The tablet game pure tone average from 500– 4000 Hz correlated best with the air conduction audiogram, and was most predictive of hearing loss. Setting the pass level at 20 dB for the tablet screen prioritized detection of hearing loss, yielding a sensitivity of 91% and corresponding specificity of 73.5% for ages 4 and older. Specificity progressively improved with increasing age and was over 90% for all ages 7 and older.ConclusionTablet game audiometry as a screening tool performs well in a controlled setting. Based on these results, it can be considered as a reliable screening method for school‐age children and to monitor resolution of otitis media.Level of Evidence4, case series Laryngoscope, 130:2245–2251, 2020
Stratification of microbiomes during the holomictic period of Lake Fuxian, an alpine monomictic lake
Authors: Xing Peng , Tao Ye , Luo Jianhua , Wang Lina , Li Biao , Li Huabing , Wu Qinglong L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn warm monomictic lakes, the hypolimnion is important for accumulating and decomposing organic matter derived from surface production, and the regenerated nutrients will be supplied to the epilimnion through winter vertical mixing. So far, we know little about microbial community composition and function in the hypolimnion when the significant thermal stratification disappears. In this study, we investigated microbial community compositions and functional gene contents by means of metagenomics along a depth profile in the warm monomictic alpine Lake Fuxian during holomictic period. Overall, bacteria were the dominant microbial group at different water depths, while phages had their high relative abundance in the epilimnion. We observed slight thermal but strong chemical stratification even during this typical winter overturn. The anaerobic respiration with nitrate and sulfate as the terminal electron acceptors was accumulated at bottom of hypolimnionin as indicated through metabolic pathway reconstruction. We were able to get 440 metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) and unraveled a high genomic diversity of freshwater pelagic microbiomes along this depth profile. We furthermore defined a new class of “Plancto_FXH1” of Planctomycetes from these MAGs, of which a distinct nitrate reduction operon was identified. Representatives of this phylum mainly thrive in the hypolimnion as previously suspected, but few lineages were detected in the epilimnion. In summary, metagenomics enabled us to find a new group of Planctomycetes, probably involved in denitrification in the hypolimnion in Lake Fuxian, which expand our knowledge on denitrifying bacterial diversity and their denitrification potential in deep freshwater lakes.
Single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs13426236 contributes to an increased prostate cancer risk via regulating MLPH splicing variant 4
Authors: Xiao Fankai , Zhang Peng , Wang Yuan , Tian Yijun , James Michael , Huang Chiang‐Ching , Wang Lidong , Wang Liang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA prostate cancer risk single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs13426236, is significantly associated with melanophilin (MLPH) expression. To functionally characterize role of the rs13426236 in prostate cancer, we first performed splicing‐specific expression quantitative trait loci analysis and refined the significant association of rs13426236 allele G with an increased expression of MLPH splicing transcript variant 4 (V4) (P = 7.61E−5) but not other protein‐coding variants (V1‐V3) (P > .05). We then performed an allele‐specific reporter assay to determine if SNP‐containing sequences functioned as an active enhancer. Compared to allele A, allele G of rs13426236 showed significantly higher luciferase activity on the promoter of the splicing transcript V4 (P < .03) but not on the promoter of transcript V1 (P > .05) in two prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and 22Rv1). Cell transfection assays showed stronger effect of transcript V4 than V1 on promoting cell proliferation, invasion, and antiapoptotic activities. RNA profiling analysis demonstrated that transcript V4 overexpression caused significant expression changes in glycosylation/glycoprotein and metal‐binding gene ontology pathways (FDR < 0.01). We also found that both transcripts V4 and V1 were significantly upregulated in prostate adenocarcinoma (P ≤ 2.49E−6) but only transcript V4 upregulation was associated with poor recurrence‐free survival (P = .028, hazard ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval = 1.05‐2.42) in The Cancer Genome Atlas data. This study provides strong evidence showing that prostate cancer risk SNP rs13426236 upregulates expression of MLPH transcript V4, which may function as a candidate oncogene in prostate cancer.
Technical Note: Assessment of electromagnetic tracking systems in a surgical environment using ultrasonography and ureteroscopy instruments for percutaneous renal access
Authors: Gomes‐Fonseca João , Veloso Fernando , Queirós Sandro , Morais Pedro , Pinho António C. M. , Fonseca Jaime C. , Correia‐Pinto Jorge , Lima Estêvão , Vilaça João L. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeElectromagnetic tracking systems (EMTSs) have been proposed to assist the percutaneous renal access (PRA) during minimally invasive interventions to the renal system. However, the influence of other surgical instruments widely used during PRA (like ureteroscopy and ultrasound equipment) in the EMTS performance is not completely known. This work performs this assessment for two EMTSs [Aurora® Planar Field Generator (PFG); Aurora® Tabletop Field Generator (TTFG)].MethodsAn assessment platform, composed by a scaffold with specific supports to attach the surgical instruments and a plate phantom with multiple levels to precisely translate or rotate the surgical instruments, was developed. The median accuracy and precision in terms of position and orientation were estimated for the PFG and TTFG in a surgical environment using this platform. Then, the influence of different surgical instruments (alone or together), namely analogic flexible ureterorenoscope (AUR), digital flexible ureterorenoscope (DUR), two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) probe, and four‐dimensional (4D) mechanical US probe, was assessed for both EMTSs by coupling the instruments to 5‐DOF and 6‐DOF sensors.ResultsOverall, the median positional and orientation accuracies in the surgical environment were 0.85 mm and 0.42° for PFG, and 0.72 mm and 0.39° for TTFG, while precisions were 0.10 mm and 0.03° for PFG, and 0.20 mm and 0.12° for TTFG, respectively. No significant differences were found for accuracy between EMTSs. However, PFG showed a tendency for higher precision than TTFG. AUR, DUR, and 2D US probe did not influence the accuracy and precision of both EMTSs. In opposition, the 4D probe distorted the signal near the attached sensor, making readings unreliable.ConclusionsUreteroscopy‐ and ultrasonography‐assisted PRA based on EMTS guidance are feasible with the tested AUR or DUR together with the 2D probe. More studies must be performed to evaluate the probes and ureterorenoscopes’ influence before their use in PRA based on EMTS guidance.
Distributed deep learning across multisite datasets for generalized CT hemorrhage segmentation
Authors: Remedios Samuel W. , Roy Snehashis , Bermudez Camilo , Patel Mayur B. , Butman John A. , Landman Bennett A. , Pham Dzung L. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeAs deep neural networks achieve more success in the wide field of computer vision, greater emphasis is being placed on the generalizations of these models for production deployment. With sufficiently large training datasets, models can typically avoid overfitting their data; however, for medical imaging it is often difficult to obtain enough data from a single site. Sharing data between institutions is also frequently nonviable or prohibited due to security measures and research compliance constraints, enforced to guard protected health information (PHI) and patient anonymity.MethodsIn this paper, we implement cyclic weight transfer with independent datasets from multiple geographically disparate sites without compromising PHI. We compare results between single‐site learning (SSL) and multisite learning (MSL) models on testing data drawn from each of the training sites as well as two other institutions.ResultsThe MSL model attains an average dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.690 on the holdout institution datasets with a volume correlation of 0.914, respectively corresponding to a 7% and 5% statistically significant improvement over the average of both SSL models, which attained an average DSC of 0.646 and average correlation of 0.871.ConclusionsWe show that a neural network can be efficiently trained on data from two physically remote sites without consolidating patient data to a single location. The resulting network improves model generalization and achieves higher average DSCs on external datasets than neural networks trained on data from a single source.
Using Recreation-Grade Side-Scan Sonar to Produce Classified Maps of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
Authors: Bennett Daniel L. , Bister Timothy J. , Ott Richard A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The routine assessment and monitoring of aquatic habitat characteristics, such as submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), is a fundamental tool in fisheries management. The relative low cost and availability of recreation-grade side-scan sonar (SSS) systems has made capturing high-resolution (&lt;10 cm) underwater imagery a practical and viable tool for improving these assessments. Using Humminbird SSS and a boat-mounted transducer, we determined our ability to produce classified maps of SAV within three reservoirs in Texas. Sonar recordings of photic zone habitat were collected and processed into georeferenced mosaic images by using SonarTRX SSS software for use in geographical information systems (GISs). The resulting raster images were interpreted to identify and map SAV, and a classification scheme was developed. Random-point data was also used to develop a traditional error matrix and an accuracy assessment for each classified map. In the three reservoirs, 485 ha were classified, including 298 ha of SAV. The area estimates for 11 of 12 classes fell within the 95% CIs that were estimated from concurrent random-point surveys. Overall classification accuracy ranged from 78% to 88% for the three reservoirs. The methods that were developed demonstrate an accurate procedure for calculating SAV coverage and producing a high-quality map product for distribution to stakeholders.
Numerical modelling of heat shock‐assisted rock fracture
Authors: Pressacco Martina , Saksala Timo 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a numerical investigation on the effects of thermal shock as a pretreatment of rock prior to comminution. More specifically, the effect of heat shock‐induced cracks on the uniaxial compressive strength of rock is numerically studied. The chosen constitutive model of rock employs a (strong) embedded discontinuity finite element formulation to describe cracks. The thermomechanical problem that governs the heat shock pretreatment of rocks is considered as an uncoupled problem because of a highly dominating role of the external heat influx. Two solution methods of the global problem are presented: an explicit‐explicit dynamic scheme and an implicit‐implicit quasi‐static scheme. The model performance is tested in simulations on heterogeneous numerical rock samples subjected first to a heat shock pretreatment and then to a mechanical compression test. According to the results, the compressive strength of intact granite rock having the axial splitting failure mode can be substantially reduced by heat shock pretreatment.
ECLES: A general method for local editing of parameters with linear constraints
Authors: Rodrigues Elisa de Cássia Silva , Stolfi Jorge 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWe describe ECLES (Editing by Constrained LEast Squares), a general method for interactive local editing of objects that are defined by a list of parameters subject to a set of linear or affine constraints. The method is intended for situations where each edit action affects only a small set of the parameters; some of which (the “anchors”) are to be set to new given values, whereas the rest (the “derived” ones) are to be modified so as to preserve the constraints. We use exact integer arithmetic in order to reliably determine solvability, to detect and eliminate redundancies in the set of constraints, and to ensure that the solution exactly satisfies the constraints. We also use constrained least squares to choose a suitable solution when the constraints allow multiple solutions. Unlike the usual finite element approach, the method allows editing of any set of anchors with any sufficiently large set of derived parameters. As an example of application, we show how the method can be used to edit smooth (
) deformations of geometric mesh models.
“The meal is an activity involving at least two people”—Experiences of meals by older persons in need of elderly care
Authors: Odencrants Sigrid , Blomberg Karin , Wallin Anne‐Marie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimA shift of focus on older persons’ nutrition has occurred, from focusing on nutrition status to focusing on the whole meal. There is lack of studies on how older persons experience meals. Knowledge is needed to enhance a meal with dignity and pleasure, but also to prevent deterioration in nutrition. The aim was to describe meals from the perspective of older persons in need of elderly care.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodSemi‐structured interviews (N = 18) were conducted and analysed using thematic analyses.ResultThree themes were identified: The meal is an activity which involves at least two persons, The meal relates to habits and traditions and The meal seldom gives possibilities to make individual choices. It was obvious that older persons who live in nursing homes miss the opportunity to decide what to eat, when to eat and with whom to eat. Attention must be paid to listening to older persons to enhance mealtime with dignity and autonomy.
Enamel hypoplasia and health conditions through social status in the Roman Imperial Age (First to third centuries, Rome, Italy)
Authors: Minozzi Simona , Caldarini Carla , Pantano Walter , di Giannantonio Stefania , Catalano Paola , Giuffra Valentina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDental enamel hypoplasia, a deficit in enamel matrix formation, occurs in childhood and in utero as a result of survived nutritional deficiencies/diseases. Examination of hypoplastic lesions in ancient skeletal remains provides an excellent index of developmental stress levels in the past. In this research, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) was detected to investigate the relation between social status, health, and nutritional conditions of the Romans during the Imperial Age. LEH was scored in 3,105 permanent teeth of 177 individuals found in two large necropolises in Rome (Italy), dating back to first to third centuries AD. Both sites are located near the ancient city centre, and the presence of different grave typologies, with monumental mausoleums and simple tombs, testifies the presence of stratified social classes. LEH was observed in the whole dentition. Statistically significant differences were found in all the parameters considered, mostly in anterior dentition. Frequencies of the teeth and of the individuals affected were higher in the lower than in the upper class, in both sexes and ages, whereas male/female or adult/subadult differences were not statistically significant. The mean number of events for individuals was also higher in the lower class. Chronological distribution of age at onset of the stressful events seems to be social status related.The study of two subsamples with different subsistence patterns in the same population allowed us to detect a relationship between LEH and social status in Imperial Rome, indicating that the socially advantaged group enjoyed better health in this past population.