bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is spiritual care? Professional perspectives on the concept of spiritual care identified through group concept mapping
Authors: Hvidt Niels Christian , Nielsen Kristina Tomra , Kørup Alex K , Prinds Christina , Hansen Dorte Gilså , Viftrup Dorte Toudal , Assing Hvidt Elisabeth , Hammer Elisabeth Rokkjær , Falkø Erik , Locher Flemming , Boelsbjerg Hanne Bess , Wallin Johan Albert , Thomsen Karsten Flemming , Schrøder Katja , Moestrup Lene , Nissen Ricko Damberg , Stewart-Ferrer Sif , Stripp Tobias Kvist , Steenfeldt Vibeke Østergaard , Søndergaard Jens , Wæhrens Eva Ejlersen 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe overall study aim was to synthesise understandings and experiences regarding the concept of spiritual care (SC). More specifically, to identify, organise and prioritise experiences with the way SC is conceived and practised by professionals in research and the clinic.DesignGroup concept mapping (GCM).SettingThe study was conducted within a university setting in Denmark.ParticipantsResearchers, students and clinicians working with SC on a daily basis in the clinic and/or through research participated in brainstorming (n=15), sorting (n=15), rating and validation (n=13).ResultsApplying GCM, ideas were identified, organised and prioritised online. A total of 192 unique ideas of SC were identified and organised into six clusters. The results were discussed and interpreted at a validation meeting. Based on input from the validation meeting a conceptual model was developed. The model highlights three overall themes: (1) ‘SC as an integral but overlooked aspect of healthcare’ containing the two clusters SC as a part of healthcare and perceived significance; (2) ‘delivering SC’ containing the three clusters quality in attitude and action, relationship and help and support, and finally (3) ‘the role of spirituality’ containing a single cluster.ConclusionBecause spirituality is predominantly seen as a fundamental aspect of each individual human being, particularly important during suffering, SC should be an integral aspect of healthcare, although it is challenging to handle. SC involves paying attention to patients’ values and beliefs, requires adequate skills and is realised in a relationship between healthcare professional and patient founded on trust and confidence.
Inequalities in avoidable hospitalisation in large urban areas: retrospective observational study in the metropolitan area of Milan
Authors: Pongiglione Benedetta , Torbica Aleksandra , Gusmano Michael K 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveSignificant inequalities in access to healthcare system exist between residents of world megacities, even if they have different healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to estimate avoidable hospitalisations in the metropolitan area of Milan (Italy) and explore inequalities in access to healthcare between patients and across their areas of residence.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingPublic and accredited private hospitals in the metropolitan area of Milan. Data obtained from the hospital discharge database of the Italian Health Ministry.Participants472 579 patients hospitalised for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and resident in the metropolitan area of Milan from 2005 to 2016.Outcome measureAge-adjusted rates of avoidable hospitalisations; OR for hospital admissions with ambulatory care sensitive conditions.MethodsAge-adjusted rates of avoidable hospitalisations in the metropolitan area of Milan were estimated from 2005 to 2016 using direct standardisation. For the hospitalised population, multilevel logistic regression model with patient random effects was used to identify patients, hospitals and municipalities’ characteristics associated with risk of avoidable hospitalisation in the period 2012–2016.ResultsThe rate of avoidable hospitalisation in Milan fell steadily between 2005 and 2016 from 16.6 to 10.5 per 1000. Among the hospitalised population, the odds of being hospitalised with an ambulatory care sensitive condition was higher for male (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.48), older (OR 1.012, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.014), low-educated (elementary school vs degree OR 4.23, 95% CI 3.72 to 4.81) and single (vs married OR 2.08, 95% CI 2.01 to 2.16) patients with comorbidities (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.56); avoidable admissions were more frequent in public non-teaching hospitals while municipality’s characteristics did not appear to be correlated with hospitalisation for ambulatory care sensitive conditions.ConclusionsThe health system in metropolitan Milan has experienced a reduction in avoidable hospitalisations between 2005 and 2016, quite homogeneously across its 134 municipalities. The study design allowed to explore inequalities among the hospitalised population for which we found specific sociodemographic disadvantages.
On Optimal M-Sets Related to Motzkin’s Problem
Authors: Yang Quan-Hui , Pan Ting , Wu Jian-Dong 
Published: December 2020

Let

M

be a set of positive integers. A set

S

of nonnegative integers is called an

M
‐

set if

a
and
b
∈
S

, then

a
−
b
∉
M

. If

S
⊆

0,1
,
…
,
n

is an

M
−

set with the maximal cardinality, then

S

is called a maximal

M
−

set of

0,1
,
…
,
n

. If

S
∩

0,1
,
…
,
n

is a maximal

M
−

set of

0,1
,
…
,
n

for all integers

n
≥
0

, then we call

S

an optimal

M
−

set. In this paper, we study the existence of an optimal

M
−

set.
Metastasis and Immune Evasion from Extracellular cGAMP Hydrolysis
Authors: Li Jun , Duran Mercedes A. , Dhanota Ninjit , Chatila Walid K. , Bettigole Sarah E. , Kwon John , Sriram Roshan K. , Humphries Matthew P. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , James Jacqueline A. , Hanna Matthew G. , Melms Johannes C. , Vallabhaneni Sreeram , Litchfield Kevin , Usaite Ieva , Biswas Dhruva , Bareja Rohan , Li Hao Wei , Martin Maria Laura , Dorsaint Princesca , Cavallo Julie-Ann , Li Peng , Pauli Chantal , Gottesdiener Lee , DiPardo Benjamin J. , Hollmann Travis J. , Merghoub Taha , Wen Hannah Y. , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Riaz Nadeem , Su Shin-San Michael , Kalbasi Anusha , Vasan Neil , Powell Simon N. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Elemento Olivier , Swanton Charles , Shoushtari Alexander N. , Parkes Eileen E. , Izar Benjamin , Bakhoum Samuel F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Cytosolic DNA is characteristic of chromosomally unstable metastatic cancer cells, resulting in constitutive activation of the cGAS–STING innate immune pathway. How tumors co-opt inflammatory signaling while evading immune surveillance remains unknown. Here, we show that the ectonucleotidase ENPP1 promotes metastasis by selectively degrading extracellular cGAMP, an immune-stimulatory metabolite whose breakdown products include the immune suppressor adenosine. ENPP1 loss suppresses metastasis, restores tumor immune infiltration, and potentiates response to immune checkpoint blockade in a manner dependent on tumor cGAS and host STING. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type ENPP1, but not an enzymatically weakened mutant, promotes migration and metastasis, in part through the generation of extracellular adenosine, and renders otherwise sensitive tumors completely resistant to immunotherapy. In human cancers, ENPP1 expression correlates with reduced immune cell infiltration, increased metastasis, and resistance to anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Thus, cGAMP hydrolysis by ENPP1 enables chromosomally unstable tumors to transmute cGAS activation into an immune-suppressive pathway.

Significance:
Chromosomal instability promotes metastasis by generating chronic tumor inflammation. ENPP1 facilitates metastasis and enables tumor cells to tolerate inflammation by hydrolyzing the immunotransmitter cGAMP, preventing its transfer from cancer cells to immune cells.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 995
Crepuscular hunting of swiftlets (Family: Apodidae) by Besra (Family: Accipitridae) in the urban areas of the Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Dhamorikar Amruta , Kawalkar Dhanusha , Gurjarpadhye Prathamesh , Manchi Shirish 
Published: December 2020

We report the crepuscular hunting behavior by the Besra Accipiter virgatus, on the Glossy Swiftlets Collocalia esculenta affinis and the Edible-nest Swiftlets Aerodramus fuciphagus inexpectatus in urban areas the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Unlike other raptors in the islands, the Besra hunts at twilight often in the absence of moonlight or/and artificial light. Glossy and Edible-nest Swiftlets have been ranched in human habitations and their nests harvested for livelihood support of local communities under an ex situ conservation program. Using the focal animal sampling method, we recorded the hunting behavior of the Besra (the predator) on the swiftlets (the prey) for 40h (120 min/day for 20 days) at the ex situ swiftlet colony established in a house in the Middle Andamans. The Besra made 84 hunting attempts, with the highest success rate (15.4%) between 17.00–18.00 h. The catch rate was a mean of 4±11 (SD) per day. The maximum time that was used for attempt to kill the prey was two hours. Depredation of the Edible-nest Swiftlet by the Besra could affect ex situ conservation efforts, which can also lead to economic losses and retaliation against the raptor. Restricting perch sites for the raptor around ranching houses might reduce predation risks for the swiftlets.
Occurrence of Corica soborna Hamilton, 1822 (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) in the Godavari basin, India
Authors: Prasad Kante Krishna , Younus Mohammad , Srinivasulu Chelmala 
Published: December 2020

We record for the first time, Corica soborna Hamilton, 1822 from Godavari River, based on a single specimen collected from stream near Talai Village, Kumaram Bheem Asifabad District of Telengana State. In addition to a detailed description of its morphological characters, we also provide details on distribution, habitat and threats to the species.
Blank Swift Caltoris kumara moorei (Evans, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in Dehradun Valley, Uttarakhand, India: a new record for the western Himalaya
Authors: Singh Arun Pratap 
Published: December 2020

The paper provides details of the record of a butterfly, the Blank Swift Caltoris kumara moorei (Evans, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), recorded for the first time from Uttarakhand state and the Western Himalaya.
Zum rätselhaften Bild des Kosmos bei Camille Flammarion
Authors: Bäschlin Daniel Lukas 
Published: December 2020

In 1888 the French astronomer, Camille Flammarion, published in one of his popular books a picture of a man breaking through the confinement of the old cosmos. This picture has been reproduced frequently and has served as an attractive illustration for many purposes ever since. There was a long debate on the origin of this picture: does there exist an original Renaissance source of it or is it a creation of Flammarion or of one of his illustrators?
This Paper introduces a new and so far unrecognized element into this discussion. The ancient greek philosopher, Archytas, is said to have asked the question: is it possible for a man to stretch his hand or his stick out of the edge of the cosmos? The picture of Flammarion seems to be a precise and almost literal illustration of this question.
North Atlantic Winter Storm Activity in Modern Reanalyses and Pressure-Based Observations
Authors: Feser Frauke , Krueger Oliver , Woth Katja , van Garderen Linda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes changes in extratropical windstorms over the North Atlantic during the last decades. We assessed and compared North Atlantic winter storm activity in a comprehensive approach from three different data sources: modern reanalysis datasets, a dynamically downscaled high-resolution global atmospheric climate simulation, and observations. The multidecadal observations comprise both a storm index derived from geostrophic wind speed triangles and an observational record of low pressure systems counted from weather analyses. Both observational datasets have been compared neither to the most recent reanalyses nor to the downscaled global climate simulation with respect to North Atlantic winter storms before. The similarity of the geostrophic wind speed storm index to reanalyzed high wind speed percentiles and storm numbers confirms its suitability to describe storm frequencies and intensities for multidecadal time scales. The results show that high wind speeds, storm numbers, and spatial storm track distributions are generally alike in high-resolution reanalyses and downscaled datasets and they reveal an increasing similarity to observations over time. Strong decadal and multidecadal variability emerged in high wind speed percentiles and storm frequency, but no long-term changes for the last decades were detected.
Academic Productivity in Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgeons: Identifying Benchmarks Associated With Rank in North America
Authors: Lafaro Kelly J. , Khithani Amit S. , Wong Paul , LaRocca Christopher J. , Warner Susanne G. , Fong Yuman , Melstrom Laleh G. 
Published: December 2020

Background Academic achievement is an integral part of the promotion process; however, there are no standardized metrics for faculty or leadership to reference in assessing this potential for promotion. The aim of this study was to identify metrics that correlate with academic rank in hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgeons. Materials and Methods Faculty was identified from 17 fellowship council accredited HPB surgery fellowships in the United States and Canada. The number of publications, citations, h-index values, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for each faculty member was captured. Results Of 111 surgeons identified, there were 31 (27%) assistant, 39 (35%) associate, and 41 (36%) full professors. On univariate analysis, years in practice, h-index, and a history of NIH funding were significantly associated with a surgeon’s academic rank ( P < .05). Years in practice and h-index remained significant on multivariate analysis ( P < .001). Discussion Academic productivity metrics including h-index and NIH funding are associated with promotion to the next academic rank.
Virtual connection, real support? A study of loneliness, time on social media and psychological distress among men
Authors: Seidler Zac E , Wilson Michael J , Rice Simon M , Kealy David , Oliffe John L , Ogrodniczuk John S 
Published: December 2020

Background: In an age of increasing loneliness and associated poor mental health, research uncovering the extent to which social connection can be achieved digitally is paramount. This is particularly important among men, who experience unique barriers to achieving meaningful social connections due to masculine norms including independence and self-reliance. Loneliness is a known determinant of both psychological distress and greater time on social media, however relationships among these constructs are yet to be studied specifically among men. Aims: This study aimed to examine a novel mediation model to uncover whether time on social media mediates the association between loneliness and psychological distress, alongside a moderating effect of age. Method: A community sample of 979 men of mean age 36.0 years (range = 18–78, SD = 13.11) took part via an online survey involving measures of study constructs. Results: Results highlighted a novel moderated mediation effect: for younger men only, loneliness predicts psychological distress via time spent on social media. Conclusion: Men experiencing loneliness appear to turn to social media in attempt at digital connection, however for younger men in particular, often this fails to ameliorate links between loneliness and psychological distress. Implications for public health messaging, clinical work with men and future interventional studies are discussed.
Metacognitions in Symptomatic and Remitted Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Preliminary Evidence for Metacognitive State and Trait Markers
Authors: Meraj Mariyam Bint , Singh Shweta , Kar Sujit K , Sharma Eesha , Sarraf Seema Rani 
Published: December 2020

Background: The phenomenon of metacognition is instrumental in the conceptualization and management of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Studies on the comparison between metacognitions in OCD patients and healthy controls or those with other clinical conditions have been conducted. We aimed to compare metacognitions among currently symptomatic OCD (S-OCD) patients, currently remitted OCD patients (R-OCD), and healthy controls (HC). Method: This cross-sectional research was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Purposive sampling method was used to recruit 40 OCD patients, including an equal number of R-OCD and S-OCD patients, and 20 HC matched for age and education. Meta-Cognition Questionnaire and Thought Control Questionnaire were used to assess metacognitive functions. Results: The findings showed a gradient of highest maladaptive metacognitions in the S-OCD group and lowest in HC. In the OCD subgroups, specific metacognitive beliefs (negative beliefs F = 65.52; need to control thoughts F = 61.03) and strategies (worry F = 83.55; low distraction F = 105.61) remained significantly different (P ≤ 0.001) between S-OCD and R-OCD patients. Certain other metacognitions remained consistently more or less stable between S-OCD and R-OCD patients, that is, metacognitive beliefs (cognitive confidence F = 11.43; cognitive self-consciousness F = 37.12) and strategies (punishment F = 17.45; low social control F = 12.89). This finding is further corroborated by positive correlations of severity of OCD with need to control thoughts ( r = 0.66, P < 0.001), negative beliefs ( r = 0.63, P < 0.001), and worry ( r = 0.76, P < 0.001), and negative correlations with distraction ( r = – 0.79, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The study provides preliminary evidence for specific metacognitions distinguished as potential state and trait markers for OCD, which needs to be established on a larger sample using a longitudinal study design.
Effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on motor function and GAP43 and 5-HT expression in rats with spinal cord injury
Authors: Liu Hao , Xiong Deqi , Pang Rizhao , Deng Qian , Sun Nianyi , Zheng Jinqi , Liu Jiancheng , Xiang Wu , Chen Zhesi , Lu Jiachun , Wang Wenchun , Zhang Anren 
Published: December 2020

Objectives Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling central nervous system disorder. This study aimed to explore the effects of repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) of different spinal cord segments on movement function and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) expression in rats after acute SCI and to preliminarily discuss the optimal rTSMS treatment site to provide a theoretical foundation and experimental evidence for clinical application of rTSMS in SCI. Methods A rat T10 laminectomy SCI model produced by transient application of an aneurysm clip was used in the study. The rats were divided into group A (sham surgery), group B (acute SCI without stimulation), group C (T6 segment stimulation), group D (T10 segment stimulation), and group E (L2 segment stimulation). Results In vivo magnetic stimulation protected motor function, alleviated myelin sheath damage, decreased NgR and Nogo-A expression levels, increased GAP43 and 5-HT expression levels, and inhibited terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells and apoptosis-related protein expression in rats at 8 weeks after the surgery. Conclusions This study suggests that rTSMS can promote GAP43 and 5-HT expression and axonal regeneration in the spinal cord, which is beneficial to motor function recovery after acute SCI.
A New Scale of Readiness for Health Care Students to Encounter Partner Abuse
Authors: Sawyer Simon , Melvin Glenn , Williams Angela , Williams Brett 
Published: December 2020

Partner abuse (PA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Health care practitioners regularly encounter patients experiencing PA and require comprehensive education on how to respond. This study describes the creation and validation of a new measure of readiness to encounter patients experiencing PA for health care practitioners and students. Initial item development and content validation were informed by expert feedback. Psychometric properties were assessed using data collected from Australian health care students, using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Internal consistency, inter-scale correlations, and test–retest analysis were performed. An initial pool of 67 items was reduced to 48 following content validation by 5 experts as a measure of construct validity. A total of n = 926 responses were collected, which were randomly split into two groups to perform a PCA and CFA. The PCA resulted in a 31-item version, which was further reduced to a 27-item version following the CFA, containing four factors. Internal consistency and test–retest analyses demonstrated good reliability. The produced scale is a 27-item measure of readiness to encounter patients experiencing PA, which has demonstrated good psychometric properties with a sample of Australian health care students. Results indicate that self-efficacy and Emotional-readiness are a large component of readiness. The scale may be used to measure the readiness of a cohort, or as a pre and post-intervention measure, and results may provide insight into the educational needs of a cohort.
Willingness of Black and White Adults to Accept Vaccines in Development: An Exploratory Study Using National Survey Data
Authors: Quinn Sandra Crouse , Lama Yuki , Jamison Amelia , Freimuth Vicki , Shah Veeraj 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Explore acceptability of vaccines in development: cancer, Type II diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, Lyme disease, Ebola, and obesity. Research questions: To what extent does acceptability vary by vaccine type? To what extent does acceptability of vaccines in development vary by race and other key demographics? To what extent are general vaccine hesitancy and key demographics associated with acceptability of vaccines in development? Design: Cross-sectional online survey administered through GfK’s KnowledgePanel in 2015. Analysis completed in 2020. Subjects: Nationally representative sample of Black and White American adults (n = 1,643). Measures: Willingness to accept a novel vaccine was measured on a 4-point Likert scale. Independent variables included demographics (e.g. age, race, gender) and measures of vaccine hesitancy, trust, and the “Three C’s” of vaccine confidence, complacency, and convenience. Analysis: Exploratory analysis including descriptive statistics and regression modeling. Results: Acceptability varied from 77% for a cancer vaccine to 55% for an obesity vaccine. White race, male gender, older age, having a chronic health condition, and higher socioeconomic status were associated with higher acceptability. Higher vaccine confidence and lower vaccine hesitancy were predictors for acceptability. Conclusion: The success of a vaccine depends on widespread public acceptance. Vaccine hesitancy may hinder acceptance of future vaccines, with significant differences by demographics. Future social science research is necessary to better understand and address vaccine hesitancy.