bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Bifurcated Channels within an Anisotropic Scaffold for Engineering Vascularized Oriented Tissues
Authors: Fang Yongcong , Ouyang Liliang , Zhang Ting , Wang Chengjin , Lu Bingchuan , Sun Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite progress in engineering both vascularized tissues and oriented tissues, the fabrication of 3D vascularized oriented tissues remains a challenge due to an inability to successfully integrate vascular and anisotropic structures that can support mass transfer and guide cell alignment, respectively. More importantly, there is a lack of an effective approach to guiding the scaffold design bearing both structural features. Here, an approach is presented to optimize the bifurcated channels within an anisotropic scaffold based on oxygen transport simulation and biological experiments. The oxygen transport simulation is performed using the experimentally measured effective oxygen diffusion coefficient and hydraulic permeability of the anisotropic scaffolds, which are also seeded with muscle precursor cells and cultured in a custom‐made perfusion bioreactor. Symmetric bifurcation model is used as fractal unit to design the channel network based on biomimetic principles. The bifurcation level of channel network is further optimized based on the oxygen transport simulation, which is then validated by DNA quantification assay and pimonidazole immunostaining. This study provides a practical guide to optimizing bifurcated channels in anisotropic scaffolds for oriented tissue engineering.
A Review of Bioresorbable Implantable Medical Devices: Materials, Fabrication, and Implementation
Authors: Singh Rahul , Bathaei Mohammad Javad , Istif Emin , Beker Levent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImplantable medical devices (IMDs) are designed to sense specific parameters or stimulate organs and have been actively used for treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. IMDs are used for long‐term disease screening or treatments and cannot be considered for short‐term applications since patients need to go through a surgery for retrieval of the IMD. Advances in bioresorbable materials has led to the development of transient IMDs that can be resorbed by bodily fluids and disappear after a certain period. These devices are designed to be implanted in the adjacent of the targeted tissue for predetermined times with the aim of measurement of pressure, strain, or temperature, while the bioelectronic devices stimulate certain tissues. They enable opportunities for monitoring and treatment of acute diseases. To realize such transient and miniaturized devices, researchers utilize a variety of materials, novel fabrication methods, and device design strategies. This review discusses potential bioresorbable materials for each component in an IMD followed by programmable degradation and safety standards. Then, common fabrication methods for bioresorbable materials are introduced, along with challenges. The final section provides representative examples of bioresorbable IMDs for various applications with an emphasis on materials, device functionality, and fabrication methods.
Recent Advances in Radical C−H Bond Functionalization of Imidazoheterocycles
Authors: Patel Om P. S. , Nandwana Nitesh K. , Legoabe Lesetja J. , Das Bhaskar C. , Kumar Anil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDirect C−H bond functionalization through radical pathway has emerged as a powerful and ideal strategy for the synthesis of organic compounds. This review provides an overview of recent developments in radical C−H functionalization of imidazoheterocycles such as imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine, benzo[d]imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole, imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole, imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine, imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline, imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazine and imidazo[1,2‐a]quinoline using organic peroxides, photo/electric‐induced protocols, iodine‐based reagents, first‐row transition metal catalysts (Fe, Mn, Ni and Cu) and inorganic oxidants/or salts.magnified image
Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in a Metallic Film for a Thermistor Device with an Adjustable Temperature Coefficient and Reduced Noise Source Activities
Authors: Shin Narae , Cho Youngtak , Kim Jeongsu , Hong Seunghun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSemiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotube‐Au (sSWCNT‐Au) hybrid films are prepared to build a thermistor device with an adjustable temperature coefficient and show that the embedded sSWCNTs reduce the resistivity and noise source activities in the nanoscale regions of the film. The temperature coefficient of the hybrid films can be adjusted from negative to positive values simply by increasing the deposited Au thickness. Moreover, scanning noise microscopy is utilized to map the nanoscale variation of the resistivity and noise source density on the sSWCNT‐Au hybrid films. Interestingly, the map shows that the regions with both sSWCNT and Au exhibit three times lower resistivity and 18 times smaller noise source activities than pristine Au regions, indicating that sSWCNTs embedded in metallic films can significantly reduce the resistivity and electrical noise source activities in the film.
Cotton boll distribution and yield estimation using three‐dimensional point cloud data
Authors: Dube Nothabo , Bryant Benjamin , Sari‐Sarraf Hamed , Ritchie Glen L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNode‐by‐node boll mapping has been used to determine the effects of several environmental and management strategies, including irrigation rate and cultivar, on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) boll distribution. The advent of consumer 3D digital imaging may make rapid node‐by‐node mapping of greater acreage possible in the future. Effects of irrigation rate and cultivar on boll distribution were determined from line plots of node‐specific boll distribution and boll accumulation estimate data and from vertical box and whisker plots of boll fraction using data collected by a 3D sensor system to rapidly detect open bolls before harvest over three seasons. Differences were observed between the dryland (2018 only), low irrigation, and high irrigation rates in terms of boll fraction and boll accumulation for each cultivar. The low irrigation tended to produce bolls more toward the bottom of the plant, while the high irrigation produced bolls towards the top of the plant. Yield correlation between sensor obtained and manually counted measurements was strong, with r2 values as high as 0.87. Results obtained indicated that differences among irrigation rate and cultivar were identifiable using the sensor system during the 3 yr research study. Similar systems may allow rapid, broad‐scale identification of boll distribution and yield in breeding and physiology research in the future, leading to improved identification of elite cultivars and improved management practices in cotton.
Novel progressive acrodysostosis‐like skeletal dysplasia, cerebellar atrophy, and ichthyosis
Authors: Velasco Harvy M. , Ullah Ehsan , Martin Angela M. , Hufnagel Robert B. , Prada Carlos E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAcrodysostosis refers to a rare heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias that share skeletal features, hormone resistance, and intellectual disability. Two genes have been associated with acrodysostosis with or without hormone resistance (PRKAR1A and PDE4D). Severe intellectual disability has been reported with acrodysostosis but brain malformations and ichthyosis have not been reported in these syndromes. Here we describe a female patient with acrodysostosis, intellectual disability, cerebellar hypoplasia, and lamellar ichthyosis. The patient has an evolving distinctive facial phenotype and childhood onset ataxia. X‐rays showed generalized osteopenia, shortening of middle and distal phalanges, and abnormal distal epiphysis of the ulna and radius. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebellar atrophy without other brainstem abnormalities. Genetic workup included nondiagnostic chromosomal microarray and skeletal dysplasia molecular panels. These clinical findings are different from any recognized form of acrodysostosis syndrome. Whole exome sequencing did not identify rare or predicted pathogenic variants in genes associated with known acrodysostosis, lamellar ichthyosis, and other overlapping disorders. A broader search for rare alleles absent in healthy population databases and controls identified two heterozygous truncating alleles in FBNL7 and PPM1M genes, and one missense allele in the NPEPPS gene. Identification of additional patients is required to delineate the mechanism of this unique disorder.
A case of rare isolated agnathia and literature review
Authors: Alexander Nicole L. , Chandy Binoy , Barton Geran , Liu Yi‐Chun Carol 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAgnathia is a rare congenital malformation with unknown etiology characterized by absence of the mandible, microstomia, and tongue aplasia, often found to have other anomalies including holoprosencephaly. The purpose of this paper was to describe the symptoms and imaging of a case of isolated agnathia and to conduct a comprehensive literature review of reported patients with isolated agnathia. Case reports of isolated agnathia are very rare, with most infants as stillborn. We report a child's management of isolated agnathia with microstomia and tongue aplasia. A literature review was performed with focus on diagnosis, airway, and feeding management of isolated agnathia. Polyhydramnios was a common pregnancy complication reported in 25 out of the 39 patients in the case study. Five infants were stillborn, while 23 died within the neonatal period. Of the deceased infants within the neonatal period, 19 died within minutes to hours while four died within days to weeks. There are nine patients with agnathia that survived past infancy. The results of this study suggest that isolated agnathia is a rare malformation which requires a multi‐disciplinary approach for airway and feeding management.
Das Repositorium Chemotion: Infrastruktur für nachhaltige Wissenschaft in der Chemie**
Authors: Tremouilhac Pierre , Lin Chia‐Lin , Huang Pei‐Chi , Huang Yu‐Chieh , Nguyen An , Jung Nicole , Bach Felix , Ulrich Robert , Neumair Bernhard , Streit Achim , Bräse Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChemotion, ein Repositorium für Forschungsdaten aus der Chemie, das praktikable Lösungen für die aktuellen Herausforderungen zur Speicherung von Forschungsdaten bietet, wird vorgestellt. Es ermöglicht die Erhaltung domänenspezifischer Informationen in einem maschinenlesbaren Format. Seine umfassende Funktionalität bietet Optionen zur Sammlung, Aufbereitung und Wiederverwendung von Daten mit disziplinspezifischen Methoden und Datenverarbeitungswerkzeugen. Um die Kuration der Daten zu erleichtern, wurden für ausgewählte analytische Daten automatisierte Verfahren zu deren Prüfung implementiert. Chemotion bietet Funktionen für einen einfachen Datenveröffentlichungsprozess, einschließlich automatisierter DOI‐Generierung, Peer‐Review‐Workflows für die Begutachtung der Einreichungen und das Setzen von Embargo‐Zeiten. Die beschriebenen Entwicklungen wurden genutzt, um eine Forschungsdateninfrastruktur zum Aufbau einer neuen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur für ein neues, gemeinschaftsgetriebenes Repositorium als umfassende Alternative zu kommerziellen Datenbanken aufzubauen.
Discovery and Biosynthesis of Bolagladins: Unusual Lipodepsipeptides from Burkholderia gladioli Clinical Isolates**
Authors: Dashti Yousef , Nakou Ioanna T. , Mullins Alex J. , Webster Gordon , Jian Xinyun , Mahenthiralingam Eshwar , Challis Gregory L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo Burkholderia gladioli strains isolated from the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients were found to produce unusual lipodepsipeptides containing a unique citrate‐derived fatty acid and a rare dehydro‐β‐alanine residue. The gene cluster responsible for their biosynthesis was identified by bioinformatics and insertional mutagenesis. In‐frame deletions and enzyme activity assays were used to investigate the functions of several proteins encoded by the biosynthetic gene cluster, which was found in the genomes of about 45 % of B. gladioli isolates, suggesting that its metabolic products play an important role in the growth and/or survival of the species. The Chrome Azurol S assay indicated that these metabolites bind ferric iron, which suppresses their production when added to the growth medium. Moreover, a gene encoding a TonB‐dependent ferric‐siderophore receptor is adjacent to the biosynthetic genes, suggesting that these metabolites may function as siderophores in B. gladioli.
[Si(O2C6F4)2]14: Selbstassemblierung eines perfluorierten makrocyclischen Wirts durch Si‐O‐Bindungsmetathese mit niedriger Barriere
Authors: Hartmann Deborah , Greb Lutz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDie dynamisch‐kovalente Selbstassemblierung von 14 Bis(perfluorocatecholato)silan‐Einheiten führt zur Bildung von [Si(O2C6F4)2]14 – dem ersten perfluorierten Riesenmakrocyclus. Der Oligomerisierungsprozess wurde spektroskopisch verfolgt und der finale Makrocyclus durch Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugung analysiert. Das Molekül bildet einen starren Hohlraum, der zwei 1,2‐Dicarbadodecaborane aufnehmen kann. Berechnungen erklären die konsistente und reproduzierbare Bildung des 14‐mers und offenbaren eine nicht‐katalysierte Si‐O/Si‐O‐σ‐Bindungsmetathese mit einer außergewöhnlich niedrigen energetischen Barriere. Erstmalig wird dabei SiO4 – der gängigste Linker unserer Geosphäre – verwendet, um ein formdefiniertes kristallines Makromolekül zu konstruieren.
Molecular Engineering of NIR‐II Fluorophores for Improved Biomedical Detection
Authors: Lei Zuhai , Zhang Fan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of fluorophores for the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) represents an emerging, significant, and vibrant field in analytic chemistry, chemical biology, and biomedical engineering. The wavelength, brightness, and stability are three crucial factors that determine the performance of an NIR‐II fluorophore. Up to now, significant progress has been made in the development of NIR‐II fluorescence molecular probes, including the synthesis of D‐A‐D and D‐π‐A fluorophores with improved NIR‐II fluorescence imaging performance and the construction of off–on probes and ratiometric probes via energy transfer or molecular structure modification. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in molecular engineering design strategies of NIR‐II fluorophores and probes, then highlight a selection of bioimaging and biosensing applications. We also provide perspectives on potential challenges and opportunities in this emerging field
Serial Femtosecond Zero Dose Crystallography Captures a Water‐Free Distal Heme Site in a Dye‐Decolorising Peroxidase to Reveal a Catalytic Role for an Arginine in FeIV=O Formation
Authors: Lučić Marina , Svistunenko Dimitri A. , Wilson Michael T. , Chaplin Amanda K. , Davy Bradley , Ebrahim Ali , Axford Danny , Tosha Takehiko , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Owada Shigeki , Dworkowski Florian S. N. , Tews Ivo , Owen Robin L. , Hough Michael A. , Worrall Jonathan A. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObtaining structures of intact redox states of metal centers derived from zero dose X‐ray crystallography can advance our mechanistic understanding of metalloenzymes. In dye‐decolorising heme peroxidases (DyPs), controversy exists regarding the mechanistic role of the distal heme residues aspartate and arginine in the heterolysis of peroxide to form the catalytic intermediate compound I (FeIV=O and a porphyrin cation radical). Using serial femtosecond X‐ray crystallography (SFX), we have determined the pristine structures of the FeIII and FeIV=O redox states of a B‐type DyP. These structures reveal a water‐free distal heme site that, together with the presence of an asparagine, imply the use of the distal arginine as a catalytic base. A combination of mutagenesis and kinetic studies corroborate such a role. Our SFX approach thus provides unique insight into how the distal heme site of DyPs can be tuned to select aspartate or arginine for the rate enhancement of peroxide heterolysis.
Tailoring Spectral and Photochemical Properties of Bioinspired Retinal Mimics by in Silico Engineering
Authors: El‐Tahawy Mohsen M. T. , Conti Irene , Bonfanti Matteo , Nenov Artur , Garavelli Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractControlling the spectral tunability and isomerization activity is currently one of the hot topics in the design of photoreversible molecular switches for application in optoelectronic devices. The present work demonstrates how to manipulate the absorption of the retinal protonated Schiff base (rPSB) chromophore over the entire visible range by targeted functionalization of the retinal backbone. Moreover, a correlation between the vertical excitation energy and the profile of the potential energy surface of the bright excited state responsible for the photoreactivity of rPSB is established. This correlation was exploited to rank the functionalized rPSBs into different classes with characteristic photoisomerization activity. Eventually, the synergic effects of functionalization and of external electric fields in the range of a few MV cm−1 were applied to achieve reversable and regioselective control of the photoisomerization propensity of selected rPBS derivatives.
Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Migratory Hydrocyanation of Nonconjugated Dienes
Authors: Yu Rongrong , Rajasekar Shanmugam , Fang Xianjie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed chain‐walking reactions have recently emerged as a powerful strategy to functionalize remote positions in organic molecules. However, a chain‐walking protocol for nonconjugated dienes remains scarcely reported, and developments are currently ongoing. In this Communication, a nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrocyanation of nonconjugated dienes involving a chain‐walking process is demonstrated. The reaction exhibits excellent regio‐ and chemoselectivity, and a wide range of substrates were tolerated, delivering the products in high yields and enantioselectivities. Deuterium‐labeling experiments support the chain‐walking process, which involves an iterative β‐H elimination and reinsertion processes. Gram‐scale synthesis, regioconvergent experiments, and downstream transformations gave further insights into the high potential of this transformation.
Posttranslationally Acting Arginases Provide a Ribosomal Route to Non‐proteinogenic Ornithine Residues in Diverse Peptide Sequences
Authors: Mordhorst Silja , Morinaka Brandon I. , Vagstad Anna L. , Piel Jörn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrnithine is a component of many bioactive nonribosomal peptides but is challenging to incorporate into ribosomal products. We recently identified OspR, a cyanobacterial arginase‐like enzyme that installs ornithines in the antiviral ribosomally synthesised and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) landornamide A. Here we report that OspR belongs to a larger family of peptide arginases from diverse organisms and RiPP types. In E. coli, seven selected enzymes converted arginine into ornithine with little preference for the leader type. A broad range of peptide sequences was modified, including polyarginine repeats. We also generated analogues of ornithine‐containing nonribosomal peptides using RiPP technology. Five pseudo‐nonribosomal products with ornithines at the correct positions were obtained, including a brevicidine analogue containing ornithine and a d‐amino acid installed by the peptide epimerase OspD. These results suggest new opportunities for peptide bioengineering.
Food‐Poisoning Bacteria Employ a Citrate Synthase and a Type II NRPS To Synthesize Bolaamphiphilic Lipopeptide Antibiotics**
Authors: Dose Benjamin , Ross Claudia , Niehs Sarah P. , Scherlach Kirstin , Bauer Johanna P. , Hertweck Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMining the genome of the food‐spoiling bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans revealed five nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters, including an orphan gene locus (bol). Gene inactivation and metabolic profiling linked the bol gene cluster to novel bolaamphiphilic lipopeptides with antimycobacterial activity. A combination of chemical analysis and bioinformatics elucidated the structures of bolagladin A and B, lipocyclopeptides featuring an unusual dehydro‐β‐alanine enamide linker fused to an unprecedented tricarboxylic fatty acid tail. Through a series of targeted gene deletions, we proved the involvement of a designated citrate synthase (CS), priming ketosynthases III (KS III), a type II NRPS, including a novel desaturase for enamide formation, and a multimodular NRPS in generating the cyclopeptide. Network analyses revealed the evolutionary origin of the CS and identified cryptic CS/NRPS gene loci in various bacterial genomes.
Tripalmitin‐Driven Crystallization of Palm Oil: The Role of Shear and Dispersed Particles
Authors: West Ryan , Rousseau Dérick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile palm oil (PO) is a reliable ingredient in formulations for biscuits, cream fillings, and compound chocolates, our understanding of its crystallization behavior and physico‐chemistry pales in comparison to many other fats and oils. Phase diagrams of triacylglycerol (TAG) mixtures may be used to elucidate fat crystal polymorphism and composition of such oils, yet conditions important to the food industry such as shear speed, relevant processing temperatures, and presence of secondary ingredients are regularly overlooked. Here, the effects of shear speed (n = 0–500 RPM), dispersion concentration (0–5 wt.%), and dispersed particle surface chemistry [silica or octadecyl‐functionalized (C18) silica] on the thermal properties of commercial PO when cooled from 60 to 20 °C at 1 °C min−1 were explored, with focus placed on PO's higher‐melting fraction. Using a series of high‐purity TAG standards, X‐ray diffraction revealed PO's higher‐melting fraction as mainly composed of tripalmitin (PPP) crystals and molecular compounds (MC) of PPP either with 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol (POP) or with POP and 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐3‐oleoyl‐rac‐glycerol (PPO) in combination, all in a double chain‐length β' (i.e., β'‐2) conformation. Shear increased the formation of lower‐melting α‐2 POP and β'‐2 MCPOP:PPO:PPP crystals while depleting the system of β'‐2 MCPOP:PPP and β'‐2 PPP crystals. This loss was further exacerbated by the addition of dispersed particles to the point where PPP was completely incorporated as MC and β'‐2 PPP crystals were eliminated. While heterogeneous nucleation tends to favor kinetic products of fat crystallization, the interactions between shear and surface chemistry varied between crystal types.
Novel Cocoa Butter Equivalent from Microalgal Butters
Authors: Ghazani Saeed M. , Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn acetone solvent fractionation procedure was used to obtain two algal butter fractions, an algal stearin containing high amounts of 1,3‐stearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol (SOS), and an algal mid‐fraction containing high amounts of 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol (POP), and 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl, 3‐stearoyl‐glycerol (POS). Algal stearin and algal mid‐fraction were blended (1:9 w/w) to yield a potential cocoa butter equivalent (CBE). The amount of POP, POS, and SOS, in algal CBE was 15.8%, 32.0%, and 24.6%, respectively, compared to 15.4%, 38.8%, and 27.7% in Cocoa butter (CB). However, a higher amount of POO and SOO in the algal CBE caused a lower solid fat content at all temperatures compared to CB. This study demonstrates the potential for producing a new algal CBE using solvent fractionation and blending techniques that can be used in chocolate and other confectionery products.