bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges of Caring for an Acute Population in a Disaster
Authors: Peterson Lindsay , Hyer Kathryn , Dosa David , June Joseph , Dobbs Debra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The U.S. Gulf Coast hurricanes of 2004-08 led to research and policy reports highlighting the need for more emergency preparation among nursing homes (NH). In 2016, the federal government issued final rules requiring Medicaid and Medicare providers to develop comprehensive preparedness plans. The state of Florida previously imposed its own long-term care (LTC) preparedness requirements. Hurricane Irma tested the readiness of LTC facilities that care for disabled and vulnerable residents. This research examined the experiences of NHs (N=30) affected by the hurricane through qualitative interviews with administrative staff. Research team members analyzed the transcripts, identified codes, and met to reach consensus on themes. Three major themes emerged, 1) managing the unexpected, including last-minute evacuation orders, 2) caring for vulnerable residents amid the crisis, and 3) the struggle of maintaining staff. Results suggest LTC preparation has increased but long-standing problems continue, including conflicts with emergency management priorities.
Hurricane Irma’s Impact on Assisted Living Residents’ Rates of Hospitalization, Nursing Home Placement, and Mortality
Authors: Hua Cassandra , Hyer Kathryn , Zhang Wenhan , Ogarek Jessica , Dosa David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the impact of hurricanes on the large and increasingly vulnerable population residing in assisted living communities (ALs). The objective of this paper was to leverage a novel methodology to identify Medicare beneficiaries residing in Florida ALs and determine their outcomes associated with Hurricane Irma in 2017. With Medicare enrollment records, claims, and the nursing home Minimum Data Set, we identified a cohort of AL residents in 2015 (n=45,505) and 2017 (n=42,306) and compared their rates of 30-day hospitalization, nursing home placement, and mortality in the two years. AL residents in 2017 had a 10% increase in their 30-day hospitalization rates (3.96 in 2015, 4.34 in 2017), 16% increase in their 30-day nursing home placement rates (1.61 in 2015, 1.87 in 2017), and 22% increase in their 30-day mortality (0.54 in 2015, 0.66 in 2017). Findings suggest Florida AL residents experienced adverse outcomes following Hurricane Irma.
Why Do Age and Bias Matter? Historical, Social, and Biological Impacts Across Generations of LGBTQ Older Adults
Authors: Emlet Charles , Goldsen Karen Fredriksen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We do not live in a stagnant world, politically, historically or socially - neither are the life experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ) older adults. Their physical, psychological and social lives are impacted by their present and past historical contexts and generational identity, as well as the sociopolitical environment, social pressures, support and experiences of biases. This symposium draws upon data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging and Sexuality/Gender Study, the first longitudinal study of LGBTQ older adults in the United States, in order to examine how environmental, interpersonal and intrapersonal structures impact the lives of the three oldest generations of LGBTQ adults. Emlet and colleagues examine the generational and historical forces across the life course among 205 transgender older adults in order to illuminate how historical context and gender influences social life and physical health. Prasad and colleagues explore differences between various constructs of bias including lifetime discrimination, victimization, everyday discrimination and microaggressions on LGBTQ older adults and how those experiences impact depression, general health and quality of life. Lastly, Hoy-Ellis and colleagues explore how life course predictors including interpersonal violence, legal marriage, and identity management are associated with allostatic load (AL) in a sample of 317 LGBTQ older adults who range in age from 50-97. We will address the intersectionality of generational identity, experiences of bias and biomarkers, as well as the implications for policy and practice.
The Future of Aging Research
Authors: Helfand Stephen , Taylor Jackson 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We are at a particularly propitious time in the history of the biology of aging and the science of health and humanity. It is a time for us to “Honor the Past, Enrich the Future”. Not long ago the study of the biology of aging was exclusively one of description of what happened with age—how do organisms, including humans, change with age at the level of proteins, cells, tissues and physiology. The identification of major genetic factors that substantially increase life span in model organisms ushered in the advent of a highly exploratory period focusing on the molecular, cellular and genetics mechanisms of aging. The convergence of many different streams of basic and clinical research have brought us to today, where we stand on the cusp of new environmental, molecular genetic and pharmacological breakthroughs in the biology of aging that presage new interventions that promise a healthier lifespan. The presentations in this Presidential Symposium will be from four Early Career Investigators presenting their own pioneering research in some of the most important areas of research in the biology of aging.
Sources and Importance of Mitochondrial NAD
Authors: Baur Joseph , Luongo Timothy , Eller Jared , Lu Mu-Jie , Perry Caroline , Cambronne Lulu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels fall with age or disease, and rise with exercise or caloric restriction. Moreover, the demonstration that supplemental NAD precursors drive beneficial effects in rodent models has driven a resurgence in interest in the basic biology of this molecule. Although NAD is present in the mitochondrial matrix and critical to the function of the organelle, the source of mitochondrial NAD has been debated. We recently used isotopic labeling to demonstrate that direct uptake of intact NAD is one mechanism by which mitochondria are able to obtain this nucleotide. Here, we show that this activity is sufficient to restore respiratory capacity in NAD-deficient isolated mitochondria, and identify SLC25A51 as a carrier that can mediate the transport of NAD across mitochondrial membranes. Understanding the compartment-specific regulation of NAD will be crucial to understanding how cells and tissues adapt their metabolism to changes in NAD availability. Funding: DK098656 to J.A.B., GM126897 to L.A.C.
Cognitive Aging: New Insights Into How Our Brains Age
Authors: Murphy Coleen , Villeda Saul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Maintaining quality of life with age is as important as slowing human aging. Slowing cognitive decline will be a critical aspect of keeping older adults healthy as we extend lifespan. To that end, identifying the molecular regulators of neuronal health, including learning and memory, in model systems that can later be applied to humans is an important step. In this symposium, we will hear about work on cognitive decline and its prevention being done in a variety of model systems.
Physiology and Aging: New Understanding of Organs That Affect the Physiology of Aging
Authors: Drummond-Barbosa Daniela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As organisms age, many changes occur to their physiology, which in turn impact the function of multiple tissues. It is therefore critical to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of how endocrine organs shape our physiology, and how changes in our physiology affect stem cell lineages, which generate new cells for maintenance and repair of tissues/organs throughout life. This symposium will highlight the research in the laboratories of Dr. Gerard Karsenty (Columbia University) on the multiple endocrine functions of bone, of Dr. Nicholas Buchon (Cornell University) on the role of host-microbe interactions in intestinal homeostasis, of Dr. Jane Hubbard (NYU/Skirball Institute) on the physiological control of the germline, and of Dr. Daniela Drummond-Barbosa (Johns Hopkins University) on how diet and adipocyte factors regulate oogenesis. As research by these and other groups illustrate, the complex physiological regulation of tissue/organ maintenance and function is not only a fascinating biological problem, but it also has implications for many diseases and other conditions that are tightly linked to our endocrine state, including aging.
The Impact of Bone on the Biology of Aging
Authors: Karsenty Gerard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We hypothesized that bone may secrete hormones that regulate energy metabolism and reproduction. Testing this hypothesis revealed that the osteoblast-specific secreted protein osteocalcin is a hormone regulating glucose homeostasis and male fertility by signaling through a GPCR, Gprc6a, expressed in pancreatic β bells and Leydig cells of the testes. The systematic exploration of osteocalcin biology, revealed that it regulates an unexpectedly large spectrum of physiological functions in the brain and peripheral organs and that it has most features of an antigeromic molecule. As will be presented at the meeting, this body of work suggests that harnessing osteocalcin for therapeutic purposes may be beneficial in the treatment of age-related diseases such as depression, age-related memory loss and the decline in muscle function seen in sarcopenia.
Interventions to Drive Improved Functional Potential of Aged or Dysfunctional Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Beerman Isabel , Zong Le , Tanaka-Yano Mayuri , Yanai Hagai , Tekan-Turhan Ferda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, associated with the decline of physical and cognitive abilities of humans and other mammals. Therefore, it has become an active area of research within the aging and stem cell fields, and various techniques have been employed to mitigate the decline of stem cell function both in vitro and in vivo. We have examined changes in the hematopoietic system after interventions and show modest, but positive effects on the aged system as well as the aged stem cells
Regulation of Autophagy in Aging and Disease
Authors: Hansen Malene 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The cytosolic recycling process of autophagy plays an important role in many age-related diseases and has been directly linked to aging, including in the nematode C. elegans where autophagy appears beneficially induced in many conserved longevity models. As a critical process to ensure cellular homeostasis, autophagy is regulated at multiple levels, yet it remains a challenge in the field to understand how the regulation of autophagy is integrated at the cellular and molecular level to ensure health- and lifespan benefits. I will here discuss our progress on understanding the different molecular mechanisms employed by cells and organisms to regulate autophagy in response to stressors such as aging and disease.
3D Team Care Management Trial for Cognitively Vulnerable Older Adults: Who Participates and How Does the Team Work?
Authors: Fortinsky Richard , Stephens Caroline 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Community-dwelling older adults often experience cognitive symptoms, and three common conditions that contribute to changes in cognition are dementia, depression and delirium. Despite the clinical inter-connectedness among these medical conditions, hereafter referred to collectively as cognitive vulnerability, little is known about the potential for success of clinical interventions that simultaneously address these conditions. From the perspective of older adults with cognitive vulnerability and their families, hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits are disorienting and often lead to declines in functional capacity and well-being, and significant family distress, threatening continued independent living. In this Symposium, we present details about an ongoing clinical trial testing a novel in-home, multidisciplinary team care management intervention for older adults with cognitive vulnerability and their families. This care management intervention led by nurse practitioners, called the3D Team care model, aims to help reduce ED visits and hospitalizations and achieve other health-related outcomes. The first presentation will provide study background and design features as well as characteristics of study participants. The next two presentations by the3D Team nurse practitioners will provide details about how the multidisciplinary team works, and how each team member provides interventions intended to address risk factors for adverse health outcomes. The fourth presentation by the3D Team community health educator will explain how needs related to social determinants of health are addressed. The Discussant will place this clinical trial within the broader context of multidisciplinary team care for older adults with cognitive vulnerability led by nurse practitioners trained in geropsychiatry.
Attitudes About Brain Donation Among African American Research Participants
Authors: Dyslin Deborah , Dunlop Sara , Aldridge Brenda , Tillotson Robin , Morhardt Darby 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately affect the African American community. Brain donation, a crucial part of translational research, is less common among African American research participants compared to White research participants at Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (ADRCs) across the US. Existing literature suggests three categories of contributory factors for African Americans: concerns and misconceptions about brain research and brain donation; religious beliefs; and the role of the family. Existing knowledge of community interventions is limited. We conducted seven focus groups, stratified by brain donation intent and cognitive status, to capture the perspectives of African American research participants. Qualitative content analysis reveal the following contributory themes: personal connection to memory loss or dementia; altruism; spirituality/religion; historical and current racism in health care and research; trauma and objectification; trust; representation; understanding the purpose and process of brain donation; and fluidity in decision-making. Future research will explore trauma-informed and culturally responsive interventions. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Interest Group.
Gender Differences in How the American Public Reacts to a Person With Mild-Stage Dementia
Authors: Stites Shana , Largent Emily , Gill Jeanine , Johnson Rebecca , Harkins Kristin , Karlawish Jason 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many studies show that caregivers for those with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are disproportionately female, but few studies have investigated how public attitudes influence this gender disparity. We analyzed secondary data from an experimental study of public reactions to AD dementia. Analysis included 944 respondents who read a vignette about a man with mild stage dementia and completed a modified Family Stigma in Alzheimer’s Disease Scale (FS-ADS), which assesses 7 domains of stigma. Multivariable ordered logistic regression compared men and women on FS-ADS ratings. Women were less likely than men to endorse stronger negative aesthetic attributions (OR=0.75) and negative feelings (OR=0.76) and more likely to endorse stronger feelings of pity (OR=1.33; all p&lt;0.05). No other differences were observed in FS-ADS domains (all p&gt;0.05). The findings offer insights into relationships between gender and AD stigma, which may influence who is willing to become a caregiver for persons with AD and related dementias.
Breathing Well Across the Lifespan: Pulmonary Aging and Geroscience-Targeted Therapies
Authors: Sanders Jason 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Excellent pulmonary function is one of the strongest predictors of longevity across animal models and human populations. Unfortunately, none of the major age-associated pulmonary diseases – obstructive lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and increased susceptibility to pneumonia – have strongly effective disease modifying therapies. There is growing evidence that normal age-associated decline in pulmonary function and major age-associated pulmonary diseases are linked to the hallmarks of aging including senescence, nutrient signaling dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and telomere disorders. This presents opportunities for collaboration between gerontologists and pulmonologists to unravel age-associated developmental mechanisms and design novel treatments. In this symposium, leaders in pulmonary aging research will present novel data on links between aging and pulmonary health and geroscience-based interventions under study. Dr. Sanders will provide an overview of the scientific and clinical space and present epidemiologic associations between aging biomarkers, early pulmonary fibrosis, and mortality. Dr. Le Saux will discuss senescence and specifically how eicosanoid biology may explain organ-specific patterns of senescence-associated fibrosis. Dr. Thannickal will discuss age-associated perturbations in metabolism and mitochondrial function and targeting these pathways to improve lung function and treat pulmonary diseases. Dr. Newton will discuss mechanisms and clinical applications of telomere biology to pulmonary aging. Symposium attendees will (1) be poised to generate collaborations between gerontologists and pulmonologists to address existing knowledge gaps in mechanisms of pulmonary aging, and (2) develop a better understanding of translational opportunities to design geroscience-based diagnostics and therapeutics to improve pulmonary health with aging.
VA’s Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Initiative: First 20 Months of National Implementation
Authors: Ersek Mary , Scott Winifred , Carpenter Joan , Kononowech Jennifer , Phibbs Ciarian , Cohen Jennifer , Foglia Mary Beth , Levy Cari 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This retrospective observational study describes the first 20 months of implementing the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Initiative. We examined patient and facility characteristics associated with life sustaining treatment (LST) orders template completion, including the association between template completion and the Care Assessment Need (CAN) score, which quantifies Veterans’ risk of hospitalization and mortality. As of February 29, 2020, over 274,200 Veterans received at least one goal of care conversation and LST preferences documented on a template. Eighty-two percent of deceased Veterans with the highest risk of hospitalization or mortality had an LST note and order documented prior to their death. Factors that predicted a greater likelihood of LST template completion included higher CAN score, older age, nursing home stay, and being white non-Hispanic. Findings suggest that clinicians are engaging older, sicker veterans in goals of care conversations. Research is needed to understand potential disparities in LST template completion.
Cultural and Institutional Considerations in Advance Care Planning in Long-Term Care Settings
Authors: Gutman Gloria , de Vries Brian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a process that supports individual’s understanding and sharing of personal values, life goals, and preferences regarding future medical care, so that they obtain care consistent with these during serious and chronic illness. While ACP is important for all, it is especially so for people who fall outside traditional, western, heteronormative contexts (e.g. who belong to ethnic, racial and/or sexual/gender minorities). This symposium draws from research conducted by the Diversity Access Team [part of a national project iCAN-ACP Improving Advance Care Planning for Frail Elderly Canadians]. The first paper presents results from focus groups conducted with loved ones of South Asian, Chinese and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) older adults living in care homes; issues identified as barriers include starting ACP conversations too late (“my husband has severe dementia”), lack of consideration of cultural traditions and, in the case of LGBT older adults, their non-family support networks. The second paper draws from focus groups with care home staff, implicating their own training as a barrier to assisting residents/families with ACP as well as resident, family, institutional and cultural influences. A third paper reports on an educational intervention designed to increase staff understanding of ACP and comfort in assisting residents/families with ACP. The fourth paper reports feedback received on two ACP planning tools, reflecting the importance of minority group representation in visuals and text. Together, these papers underscore the importance of taking culture into consideration in framing and discussions of fostering ACP among minority populations.
Educational Intervention for Care Home Staff to Encourage Resident ACP
Authors: Soheilipour Shimae , Gutman Gloria , de Vries Brian , Kwan Helen , Jang Katrina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Twenty-five Multi-Ethnic (ME) and 21 Exclusively Chinese (EC) care home staff participated in an education intervention focused on helping staff assist residents/families with goals of care conversations and other aspects of ACP in a culturally sensitive way. Surveys were completed at baseline and 6-8 week follow-up. Staff reported that the education session increased their ACP knowledge and provided strategies to help them initiate relevant ACP conversations. Registered staff (nurses, social worker, physician) demonstrated significantly higher levels of confidence to participate in and assist residents/families with goals of care conversations after compared to before training.
Feasibility Study of a Digital Screen-Based Calming Device for Managing BPSD During Care
Authors: Gutman Gloria , Vashisht Avantika , Kaur Taranjot , Churchill Ryan , Moztarzadeh Amir , Karbakhsh Mojgan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
MindfulGarden (MG) is a digital device resembling a flat screen TV, with touchless sensors that react to voice and motion. In this study 13 long-term care home residents aged 74-100 exhibiting Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) were randomized to treatment and control groups. On days 1-3 the treatment group received usual care plus exposure to MG during morning and evening care - events well documented to be problematic for residents and care staff; controls received usual care only. On day 4 both groups were exposed to MG with verbal cueing. A 26-item checklist was used to record frequency and types of disruptive BPSD exhibited; care duration was recorded in minutes. There was a trend toward reduction of BPSD and duration of care during morning care. Findings suggest that verbal cueing may be important for successful implementation of MG in calming residents with dementia during routine care.
Hey Google, Remind Me to Write in My Diary: Voice Assistants for Daily Pain Monitoring
Authors: Shade Marcia , Hama Rasila Soumana , Rector Kyle , Kupzyk Kevin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Diaries can be important tools to document and communicate pain symptoms. Diary-based assessments can be prone to poor adherence and limitations with biased recall. One strategy to help adherence is to use voice assistant reminders. A sample of 15 community dwelling aging adults used the Google Assistant for reminders to complete pain self-management tasks. One task was a reminder created to write daily in a pain diary. Within the diary, participants could document a change in pain, pain severity, average and worst amount of pain, and pain relief. At follow-up, it was noted that participants adhered to writing most pain characteristics in the diaries, but there were times that each question was not answered. Participant’s pain characteristics varied, which could be a helpful assessment to communicate to health providers for pain management. This feasibility study is preliminary support that voice assistants may help with the daily pain diary completion.