bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisión documental de factores de producción analizados en investigaciones del sector metalmecánico Colombia 2015-2019
Authors: Figueredo Garzón César Augusto , Rincón Parra Nidia Stella , Jiménez Orozco Hilda Lucia , Ávila Guerrero4 Flor Marlen 
Published: October 2020

El sector metalmecánico en Colombia enfrenta brechas tecnológicas en automatización industrial, restricciones externas como las altas cargas impositivas, impuestos y gran dificultad para acceso a fuentes de apalancamiento financiero, falencias en la gestión y planes tecnológicos y de análisis de oferta y demanda. En concordancia, se hace necesario conocer el sector, a partir del cuestionamiento ¿Cómo contextualizar el sector metalmecánico de Colombia y poder conocer los factores de producción objeto de mayor análisis?. Como objetivo realizar una revisión y análisis documental exploratorio, siendo objeto de investigación 50 artículos entre 2015 al 2019 sobre el sector metalmecánico en Colombia, la evaluación de la información se hizo a través de la matriz de análisis de investigaciones con la identificación de los factores comunes, preponderantes y significativos en los estudios seleccionados; finalmente se concluye, que el sector Metalmecánico en Colombia está en un entorno de alta Competitividad si desea obtener permanencia y evolución, la dinámica incluye la compresión de factores que más afectan su quehacer económico y operativo: Productividad y producción, Competitividad, niveles tecnológicos, oportunidades del sector y talento humano.
A Generalized Iterative Map for Analysis of Protein Sequences
Authors: Huang Jiahe , Dai Qi , Yao Yuhua , He Ping-An 
Published: October 2020

Aim and Objective:The similarities comparison of biological sequences is the important task in bioinformatics. The methods of the similarities comparison for biological sequences are divided into two classes: sequence alignment method and alignment-free method. The graphical representation of biological sequences is a kind of alignment-free methods, which constitutes a tool for analyzing and visualizing the biological sequences. In this article, a generalized iterative map of protein sequences was suggested to analyze the similarities of biological sequences.Materials and Methods:Based on the normalized physicochemical indexes of 20 amino acids, each amino acid can be mapped into a point in 5D space. A generalized iterative function system was introduced to outline a generalized iterative map of protein sequences, which can not only reflect various physicochemical properties of amino acids but also incorporate with different compression ratios of component of generalized iterative map. Several properties were proved to illustrate the advantage of generalized iterative map. The mathematical description of generalized iterative map was suggested to compare the similarities and dissimilarities of protein sequences. Based on this method, similarities/dissimilarities were compared among ND5 proteins sequences, as well as ND6 protein sequences of ten different species.Results:By correlation analysis, the ClustalW results were compared with our similarity/dissimilarity results and other graphical representation results to show the utility of our approach. The comparison results show that our approach has better correlations with ClustalW for all species than other approaches and illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.Conclusion:Two examples show that our method not only has good performances and effects in the similarity/dissimilarity analysis of protein sequences but also does not require complex computation.
Evaluation of the Small-animal Nano Scan PET/CT System using 89Zr
Authors: Alzimami Khalid , Alanazi Sitah , Gannam Magdi , Alanazi Ahmad , Aljamaz Ibrahim , Alyanbawi Suliman , Alotaibi Basem , Almalki Yousif , Sulieman Abdelmoneim , Sassi Salem 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the imaging characteristics
of 89Zr-PET in comparison with those obtained using fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FFDG)
PET (a gold standard tracer in PET imaging) using a small-animal NanoScan PET/CT scanner.

Methods:
The system’s spatial resolution, sensitivity, uniformity, and image quality were measured
on a Nano Scan small-animal PET/CT scanner according to the NEMA NU4-2008 protocols.
For reconstruction images, we used 2D and 3D reconstruction algorithms. The reconstruction methods
included filter back projection (FBP), the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM)
algorithm, and the 3D Tera-Tomo algorithm, which are developed for the NanoScan small-animal
PET/CT scanner.

Results:
The results obtained showed a significant difference in the spatial resolution for 89Zr as
compared to 22Na and 18F when using a 2D reconstruction algorithm. The spatial resolution values
were much enhanced by using the 3D Tera-Tomo reconstruction for each isotope, the Full width at
half maximum (FWHM) values was less than 1 for all isotopes at the center of the field of view
(FOV). This difference in spatial resolution is dependent on the positron range, energy, and the reconstruction
method.

Conclusion:
The long half-life of 89Zr makes it an ideal positron emitter for performing immuno-
PET, which is matched with the biological half-life of intact mAbs.89Zr can also give several
advantages over other long half-life positron emitters in relation to the overall imaging performance
because of its relatively short positron range and simpler decay scheme. The values of 89Zr
sensitivity that were obtained in the present study were less than those of previous studies.
Relationship of markers of muscle metabolism with the features of diet in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Kuzyarova A. S. , Batiushin M. M. , Kastanayan A. A. , Nasser El Dinе E. S. , Fedorovich I. V. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: the Assessing of the relationship of the daily diet of dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease with a change in the levels of myostatin and protein kinase-β in order to determine the areas of potential impact on the development of protein-energy deficiency.Materials and methods: тhe study included 80 patients with chronic kidney disease 5D. All patients underwent laboratory tests and the average daily diet was estimated from 3-day nutrition diaries. MSTN and AKT levels were determined in the blood by ELISA.Results: in the study, the prevalence of PEW was 90%. We have proposed a catabolic muscle tissue index (CMTI), which takes into account the complex effect of the relationship between MSTN and AKT on the development of PEW. The daily calorie and protein in patients were less than recommended. The interconnections of dietary features and markers of catabolism of muscle tissue were determined, which is an area of potential interest in the prevention and progression of PEW and requires further study.Conclusions: correction of the diet of dialysis patients is important for nutritional deficiency and control the catabolic way of the myostatin.
Effects of Acute Exercise on Drug Craving, Self-Esteem, Mood, and Affect in Adults with Polysubstance Use Disorder: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ellingsen Maren Mikkelsen , Johannesen Sunniva Launes , Martinsen Egil Wilhelm , Dahl Sandra Rinne , Hallgren Mats 
Published: October 2020

Background
Novel treatments for substance use disorders are needed. Acute bouts of exercise can improve mood states and craving in nonclinical populations. Exercise effects in those with polysubstance dependence are understudied; controlled trials are needed.

Objective
This protocol describes a clinical study examining the short-term psychological effects of 2 types of physical activity, soccer and circuit training, in patients with substance use disorders. Effects will be compared with a nonexercise control group. Specific aims are to investigate whether there are differences between the activities and the duration of changes.

Methods
This study is a short-term multicenter randomized control trial with a crossover design. Patients consecutively admitted to 4 inpatient treatment centers were invited to participate in 3 conditions, each lasting 45 minutes, within one week. The order of the conditions was randomized. There were a total of 5 assessments, taken at baseline, immediately before each condition, immediately after each condition, and 1, 2, and 4 hours postintervention, enabling patterns of change over time to be observed. Psychological effects were assessed with self-report questionnaires, which included scales for craving, state anxiety, positive and negative affect, self-esteem, and mood. Exercise intensity was assessed with the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and a heart rate monitor (Polar M200; Polar Electro Ltd). Cortisol was assessed in saliva before and 4 hours after the intervention.

Results
A total of 39 patients were included in the study. Data collection was completed in 2019.

Conclusions
We anticipate larger improvements in the intervention groups than among controls, indicating positive psychological effects during and after exercise. The study will add clinically relevant information about the short-term psychological effects of exercise in the treatment of substance use disorders, using activities that are easily accessible in different clinical settings.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00018869; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00018869

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/18553
EFFECT OF CHEWING MARSHMALLOW CONTAINING BETEL CHEW IN REDUCING STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND PLAQUE INDEX ON CHILDREN
Authors: RINDIT PAMBAYUN  , ADE PUTRI  , MEIDY TRI YUDA  , SITI RUSDIANA PUSPA DEWI  , TRI WARDANI WIDOWATI  , BUDI SANTOSO  
Published: October 2020

Objective: Marshmallow is a soft candy loved by all levels of society, especially children. Sucrose contained in marshmallow increases the growth of Streptococcus mutans and plaque. Betel chew as Indonesian traditional plants add in marshmallow was believed to decrease S. mutans and plaque. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chewing marshmallow containing betel chew in reducing S. mutans and plaque index in children.
Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. It was conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, Laboratory of Agricultural Technology Department, and Islamic School of Al-Amalul Khair. Thirty students were divided into two groups. Group A was chewing marshmallow without betel chew and Group B was chewing marshmallow containing betel chew.
Results: The results showed that chewing marshmallow without betel chew increased the growth of S. mutans and plaque index significantly. Chewing marshmallow without betel chew inhibited the growth of S. mutans and dental plaque formation.
Conclusion: Chewing marshmallow containing betel chew reduces S. mutans and plaque index on children.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OCIMUM BASILICUM MUCILAGE-BASED, MODIFIED RELEASE MUCOADHESIVE GASTROSPHERES OF CARVEDILOL
Authors: SAKHARE SS  , SAYYAD FJ  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The present investigations aim to develop mucoadhesive gastrospheres of carvedilol using sodium alginate and Ocimum basilicum seed mucilage combination blend oral use.
Methods: The gastrospheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation method using 32 factorial designs, the concentration of sodium alginate and O. basilicum mucilage was independent variables while % drug content (DC), % entrapment efficiency, and % drug release at 12 h were dependent variables. The gastrospheres were evaluated for other parameters such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetric, and in vitro mucoadhesion studies.
Results: In optimization studies from statistical second-order complete model equation among the polymers used O. basilicum mucilage had a more profound effect on DC and % encapsulation efficiency as compared to sodium alginate. The mean particle size of gastrospheres when measured by optical microscopy technique ranged from 774 to 882 μm. The percentage of gastrosphere adhering to goat intestinal mucosal tissue varied from 10% to 65% over 8 h in 0.1N HCl, whereas this was varied from 40% to 60% in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 with provided 12 h of controlled release following zero-order release pattern.
Conclusion: Studies conclude that mucilage of O. basilicum can be used as controlled release mucoadhesive material in the formulation of gastrospheres.
SCREENING OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEM (PERIYAR TIGER RESERVE, KERALA) FOR LIPASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES
Authors: DIKSHA KUMARI  , DEEPU SURENDRAN  , ESLIN KHYMDEIT  , VENKATA KRISHNA BAYINENI  
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to screen pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes species isolated from the soil sediments of Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala. The identified lipase inhibitory activity was partially purified, and the selected isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing.
Methods: The preliminary screening for the extracellular lipase inhibitory activities of actinomycetes isolates was performed by inoculating the culture to the test tubes containing inoculation media in submerged condition. The lipase inhibitory activities were again evaluated based on secondary screening on the production media and the strain which produced consistent highest lipase inhibitory activity was selected for further studies. The crude extract from the selected strain was subjected to solvent extraction and partially purified by plain silica gel column (mesh size 100–200 μm; column 300 mm×18 mm) and eluted with different solvents in the increasing order of polarity and all the solvent fractions were checked for lipase inhibitory activity.
Results: Based on the secondary screening on the production of media, DDE6 strain showed highest lipase inhibitory activity (96.2%) and was selected for further studies. The dichloromethane extract showed the highest lipase inhibitory activity (96.38%) when compared to other solvents. The partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis of DDE6 isolate confirmed the strain as Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum.
Conclusion: Many research publications have reported the isolation of Curtobacterium species and its type strains. However, this is the first time to report its potential to produce lipase inhibitor metabolite under submerged fermentation conditions. Further, studies are needed to be conducted to characterize the active principle of lipase inhibition as well as to elucidate the structure of the extracted compound.
THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY ROLE OF MICRORNA-29b IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors: NAWAL KHINTEEL JABBAR  , ANWARA JASIB THAABAN ALMZAIEL  , FERDOUS ABASS JABER  
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the expression pattern of microRNA-29b (miRNA-29b) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) compared to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy subjects.
Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 30 patients with DN, 30 patients with T2DM and 30 healthy subjects as controls. Serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukine-10 (IL-10) level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to screen the expression of serum miRNA-29b and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2).
Results: The results showed a significant increase in ROS levels (p<0.05) in DN group compared with T2DM and control groups. IL-10 levels were significantly increased compared to other groups (p<0.05). The gene expression of miRNA-29b was significantly increased with downregulation of Bcl-2 (p<0.05) in DN compared to T2DM and control groups (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The study suggested that miRNA-29b expression is involved in the pathogenesis of DN. Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, and an increase in expression of pro-inflammatory miRNA-29b exerts anti-protective effect by upregulating target genes related to inflammation and apoptosis, taken together, the results identify the regulatory role of miRNA-29b in DN.
IN SILICO APPROACH OF COLLAGEN FROM TUNA FISH BY-PRODUCT AS ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR
Authors: ANDRIATI NINGRUM  , HELI SITI HALIMATUL MUNAWAROH  
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study explores the sustainable valorization of by-products from tuna fish based on in silico approach.
Methods: In silico approaches (BIOPEP database, PeptideRanker database, peptide calculator [PepCalc] database, and toxin prediction [ToxinPred] database) were employed to evaluate the potential of collagens from tuna as a potential source of bioactive peptides. Furthermore, primary structure, biological potential, physicochemical, sensory, and toxicity characteristics of the theoretically released angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor collagen peptides were predicted.
Results: Tuna collagen was selected as a potential precursor of bioactive peptides based on in silico analysis. Most notable among these are ACE inhibitory peptides. First, the potential of tuna collagen for the releasing bioactive peptides was evaluated by determining the frequency of occurrence of fragments with a given activity. Through the BIOPEP database analysis, there are many bioactive peptides in tuna collagen sequences. Then, an in silico proteolysis using selected enzymes (papain and pepsin) to obtained ACE inhibitory peptides was investigated and then analyzed using PeptideRanker and PepCalc. Cytotoxicity analysis using the online toxic prediction tool ToxinPred revealed that all in silico proteolysis-derived ACE inhibitory peptides are non-cytotoxic.
Conclusions: Overall, the present study highlights that the tuna collagens could be a promising precursor of bioactive peptides that have an antihypertensive effect (ACE inhibitory activities) for developing functional food or nutraceutical products.
FEASIBILITY OF PALIPERIDONE FOR TRANSDERMAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS: EX VIVO PERMEATION KINETIC STUDIES OF DRUG THROUGH RAT ABDOMINAL SKIN
Authors: SADASHIVAIAH R  , ROHITH G  , SATHEESHA BABU BK  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The main objective of the current research study was to investigate the effect of various permeation enhancers on the skin permeation of paliperidone for transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS).
Methods: A part of pre-formulation studies was performed to authentication of the drug by determining the melting point, solubility, partition coefficient (PC), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and its purity by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Ex vivo permeation kinetic study for paliperidone alone and with 5% concentration of permeation enhancers hyaluronidase, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), groundnut oil, and tween 80 was conducted in modified Franz diffusion cell through rat abdominal skin as a barrier. The receptor phase containing 20% polyethylene glycol 400 in normal saline was maintained at 37°C. The steady-state flux was obtained to calculate permeability coefficient, enhancement ratio (ER), and the cumulative amount of drug permeated at 12 h.
Results: The pre-formulation study results indicated that the received pure drug was authentified as paliperidone and its purity at par with official pharmacopeia. The PC of the drug was found to be 1.916±1.07, indicated that the drug to be lipophilic. The ex vivo permeation study results showed that the enhancement effect of some permeation enhancers on paliperidone was as follows: Hyaluronidase>DMSO>groundnut oil>tween 80. Hyaluronidase has high permeation enhancing activity with the highest permeation flux of 12.038 μg/cm2/h, and the cumulative amount of drug permeated was 212.760 μg/cm2. The ER of hyaluronidase was 3.69 folds higher than control.
Conclusion: The results of the present research study attributed that hyaluronidase was a potential permeation enhancer which would be included in the TTS of paliperidone.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF 3,5-DISUBSTITUTED TRIAZOLES BEARING 5-CHLORO-2-METHYLINDOLE
Authors: SABA SHIREEN  , BHARATH RATHNA KUMAR P  
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives clubbed with indole.
Methods: Procedure includes the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole compounds by condensation reaction with ammonia. The synthesis was carried out in three steps with chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride as starting material with ethyl acetoacetate and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of ethanol to form hydrazide derivative. The hydrazide derivative then refluxed with ammonium acetate to get the desired compounds.
Results: All the synthesized compounds were characterized and confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The new compounds (Va-f) synthesized were evaluated for antimicrobial activity.
Conclusion: All the compounds Va-f screened for antimicrobial activity against selected strains of microorganisms. Compound Vb was found to be potent against Escherichia coli, Vc was found to be more active against Aspergillus niger.
EBOLA VIRUS: AN OVERVIEW DISEASE AND TREATMENT
Authors: KANAAN AL-TAMEEMI  , RAIAAN KABAKLI  
Published: October 2020

Objective: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a life-threatening viral disease. Death rate ranges between 30% and 90%, the first EVD outbreak was reported in the 1970s in Zaire. The global danger of this virus requires the need for producing effective vaccines and drugs is facing its outbreak threat. Even though there is no available commercial vaccine so far against EBOV, a few vaccine candidates are under evaluation to examine their therapeutic efficacy.
Methods: Based on many types of research, we present in our review the properties of the E. virus and EVD, the ongoing efforts to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and drugs for the cure of EVD.
Results: Despite the efforts of health organizations to study, reduce and treat Ebola infection, there are still many challenges including the early diagnosis and control of infection among people in addition to finding a suitable treatment and vaccine in addition to many social and medical reasons.
Conclusion: The good clinical knowledge about the disease and infection control is very important to fight against the outbreaks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop training programs to increase awareness about the diseases in affected areas.