bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Following Cesarean Deliveries: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dhakal Rojana 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Cesarean section (CS) was introduced in clinical practice as a life-saving procedure for both the mother and baby. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a 15 percent minimum threshold for cesarean delivery to save the life of the mother and fetus. The rates of cesarean delivery have been increasing worldwide, leading to emerging public health issues affecting both developed and developing countries. This study examined the maternal and fetal outcomes of cesarean section at a tertiary-level hospital.
Methods: This study was based on secondary data retrieved from the record information of the registry of Maternity, Gynecological, Operation Theater, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) ward of the regional hospital in western Nepal. A total of 5802 women delivered by cesarean section, those record had complete information of year 2013 to 2016 were analyzed. Data were collected through review guidelines developed by the researcher. Frequency and percentage were used to analyze the socio-demographic and obstetric information, indication of cesarean section, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and the obtained results presented in tables, graphs, and narratives. The Chi-square test was used to find out the association of cesarean section and its outcomes with demographic and obstetrics variables.
Results: The mean age of mothers was 25.25 ± 4.7 years,with the minimum and maximum age being 14 and 48 years respectively. Of the 5802 mothers, 17.1 percent of mothers had poor outcomes having some maternal complications. Regarding neonatal outcomes of 5872 neonates, 11.8 percent of new born had poor outcomes having some complications like low birth weight, asphyxia, etc. There was statistically significant association of age, ethnicity, and type of cesarean section with maternal outcomes. Similarly, weeks of gestation and mode of cesarean section were significantly associated with neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion: A large number of cesarean sections were emergency. Of the mothers who delivered by cesarean section majority of them and newborns had good outcomes. Mothers and neonates actual needs, contributory factors and outcomes following cesarean section need to be extensive evaluation before performing it.
Therapeutic Adherence among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients under Hemodialysis in Selected Hospitals of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Luitel Kopila , Pandey Apsara , Sah Bimala Kumari , KC Takma 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an emergent public health problem in Nepal. Hemodialysis is the best treatment for this disease to reduce morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic adherence is crucial factor that influences morbidity and mortality among patients under hemodialysis. The objective of the study was to find out the therapeutic adherence among CKD patients under hemodialysis in selected hospitals of Kathmandu valley.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted. Altogether 164 patients with CKD under hemodialysis were selected by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through face to face interview using structured interview schedule. Frequency, percent, mean and standard deviations were used for data analysis. Nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test were applied to measure the mean difference in therapeutic adherence among CKD patients under hemodialysis according to selected variables.
Results: Therapeutic adherence levels were 33.5%, 62.8% and 3.7% for good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory respectively. Concerning about hemodialysis, 92.7% respondents had good, 6.1% had satisfactory and 1.2% had unsatisfactory level of adherence to hemodialysis. Furthermore, it was found that 29.9%, 1.8 % and 87.8% respondents had good; and 59.1%, 42.1% and 9.1% had satisfactory level of adherence to diet, fluid and medicine respectively. The results showed that therapeutic adherence was statistically significant with mean difference according to sex (p=0.009), duration of hemodialysis (p=0.001), total session of hemodialysis (p=0.001) and providing health information by dietician and other hemodialysis patients (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Therapeutic adherence was found to be satisfactory but adherence to fluid intake is still unsatisfactory. It is recommended that regular education and counseling should be provided in order to increase level of therapeutic adherence.
The Upper end of Tibia of Nepalese adults: A Morphometric study
Authors: Mukhia Rajeev , Mansur Dil Islam , Wahekar Krishna 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The tibia bone forms the main skeleton of the leg. It plays an important role in weight bearing and takes part in the formation of knee joint. The knowledge of different dimensions of upper end of tibia will help the orthopaedic surgeons for diagnosis, planning and treatment of disease related to knee. Inappropriate design of knee replacement could affect the outcome of surgery with reported complications. The objective of the study is to find out the morphometric measurements of upper end of tibia in Nepalese Population.
Methods: After ethical approval (MEMG/IRC/211/GA) the study was done on 60 dry tibia bones of Nepalese citizens irrespective of sex and race in the Department of Anatomy, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara. The morphometric measurements of medial condyle, lateral condyle, intercondylar area and circumference of upper end of tibia of both sides were measured manually by thread, scale and Vernier calliper. Data were reported as mean ± SD and analyzed with MS Excel 2007 software.
Results: Average anteroposterior measurements were found to be 46.38 mm and 39.14 mm and average transverse measurements were 28.79 mm and 27.86 mm respectively for medial and lateral condyles of both sides. The anteroposterior and transverse measurements of intercondylar area of tibia were 47.75 mm and 7.11 mm on the right side and 49.81 mm and 7.25 mm respectively on the left side (p<0.05). Similarly mediolateral length and circumference of upper end of tibia of left limb were significantly greater than the right limb (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The knowledge of different dimensions of upper end of tibia may be important in anthropological practice. Morp hometric parameters of upper end of tibia will be important to orthopaedic surgeons for diagnosis, planning and treatment of disease related to knee in Nepalese population.
Morphometric Measurement of Sacral Hiatus in Dry Human Sacrum
Authors: Poudel Sabin , Sinha Pranoti , Lakhi Bhutia Karma 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Sacral hiatus is the chief location for caudal epidural anesthesia during surgery of perineal region and also for a pain free parturition. Thus, this study was conducted to examine, measure and record the morphometry of sacral hiatus and to analyze it for any anatomical variations with clinical implications.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried in the Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Science, Gangtok, Sikkim. For the study seventy dry human sacral bone with entire sacral hiatus were measured. The shape of the sacral hiatus was observed. Level of the apex, base, length, width and anterior posterior diameter of sacral hiatus was measured with Digital Vernier Caliper. The study was approved by Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC No:SMIMS/IEC/2017-01). Data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the difference was considered significant when P<0.05. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis.
Results: The study revealed inverted “U” shaped sacral hiatus as the common shape in 35(50%) followed by inverted “V” shaped sacra in 18 (25.71 %) followed by irregular shaped sacral hiatus in 8 (11.42 %) cases. A Dumbbell shaped sacral hiatus was observed in 4 (5.71%) cases with a bony protuberance protruding medially from both edges. Absence or complete agenesis of sacral hiatus, a rare phenomenon, was observed in 3 (4.28%) and bifid in 2(2.85%) specimens only.
Conclusion: The prevalence of inverted “U” shaped sacral hiatus and constriction of the sacral canal at apex of sacral hiatus was found high. This knowledge of variation in shape of sacral hiatus could be clinically important while providing caudal anesthesia and doing epidural block.
Job Satisfaction and Its Associated Factors among PHC Level Health Workers of Kaski District
Authors: Tripathi Narayan , Parajuli Bijaya , Subedi Sudarshan 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Job satisfaction has been identified as key factor of health worker retention and turnover in Low and middle income countries. In Nepal, only 55% of the health workers were satisfied with their current jobs. There is limited amount of literature in the areas related to factors affecting job satisfaction. This study aimed to assess the level of job satisfaction and its associated factors among PHC level health workers in Kaski district.
Methodology: Health facility based cross sectional, quantitative study was conducted collecting quantitative data from all PHC level health facilities (3 Primary Health Care Center and 45 Health Posts) health workers of Kaski district, Nepal through face to face interview. The perceived 12 item job satisfaction scale was developed and used to identify job satisfaction. The association between the independent and outcome variable was analyzed by using chi square test.
Results: The results showed two-third (66%) of PHC level health workers were satisfied with their current jobs in overall job satisfaction at Kaski district. The study showed that Health Assistant were more satisfied than Auxiliary Nurse Midwifery and Auxiliary Health Workers. Sex (OR=1.80, 95%CI=1.0-3.26), level of working post (OR= 2.62,95%CI=.1.44-4.77) salary (OR= 3.96,95%CI=2.07-7.57) ,pension (OR=3.96, 95%CI=2.07-7.57) training (OR=5.01, 95%CI=2.66-9.39) , opportunity for promotion (OR=2.80, 95%CI=1.54-5.09) , reward provision (OR=3.63,95% CI=1.94-6.77) and role in decision making OR=5.08,95% CI=2.34-11.04) were found to be significantly associated with overall job satisfaction.
Conclusion: Two- third of the PHC level health workers of Kaski district were found to be satisfied with their job. Responsible bodies need to make provisions to improve the job satisfaction level of health professional so as to improve the healthcare services of PHCCS and HPs.
Key words: Job satisfaction, Health workers, Primary health care level
The data of the Swedish Malaise Trap Project, a countrywide inventory of Sweden's insect fauna
Authors: Karlsson Dave , Forshage Mattias , Holston Kevin , Ronquist Fredrik 
Published: October 2020

Despite Sweden's strong entomological tradition, large portions of its insect fauna remain poorly known. As part of the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative, launched in 2002 to document all multi-cellular species occurring in the country, the first taxonomically-broad inventory of the country's insect fauna was initiated, the Swedish Malaise Trap Project (SMTP). In total, 73 Malaise traps were deployed at 55 localities representing a wide range of habitats across the country. Most traps were run continuously from 2003 to 2006 or for a substantial part of that time period. The total catch is estimated to contain 20 million insects, distributed over 1,919 samples (Karlsson et al. 2020). The samples have been sorted into more than 300 taxonomic units, which are made available for expert identification. Thus far, more than 100 taxonomists have been involved in identifying the sorted material, recording the presence of 4,000 species. One third of these had not been recorded from Sweden before and 700 have tentatively been identified as new to science.
Here, we describe the SMTP dataset, published through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Data on the sorted material are available in the "SMTP Collection Inventory" dataset. It currently includes more than 130,000 records of taxonomically-sorted samples. Data on the identified material are published using the Darwin Core standard for sample-based data. That information is divided up into group-specific datasets, as the sample set processed for each group is different and in most cases non-overlapping. The current data are divided into 79 taxonomic datasets, largely corresponding to taxonomic sorting fractions. The orders Diptera and Hymenoptera together comprise about 90% of the specimens in the material and these orders are mainly sorted to family or subfamily. The remaining insect taxa are mostly sorted to the order level. In total, the 79 datasets currently available comprise around 165,000 specimens, that is, about 1% of the total catch. However, the data are now accumulating rapidly and will be published continuously. The SMTP dataset is unique in that it contains a large proportion of data on previously poorly-known taxa in the Diptera and Hymenoptera.
A case of dorsal agenesis of pancreas associated with unilateral renal agenesis, unicornuate uterus, and ovarian ectopia: A brief review and learning points
Authors: Bhandari Arindam , Mandal Samrat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDorsal agenesis of the pancreas is a rare entity, with about 100 cases reported. It can be overlooked on ultrasound due to the non visualization of the body and tail of the pancreas.This is due to overlying gas in the stomach, which offers a poor acoustic window and obscures visualization. Renal agenesis and Mullerian duct anomalies are uncommon associations of dorsal agenesis of the pancreas because of the separate embryological origin of the pancreas and genitourinary organs. Here, we present a case of a 17-year-old patient who had dorsal agenesis of the pancreas, associated with unilateral renal agenesis, unicornuate uterus, and ectopic ovary. We describe the anomalies and discuss the radiological differential diagnosis and potential pitfalls. We provide a brief review of the literature with few radiological teaching points and possible genetic implications of the case.
A rare case of pituitary metastasis from breast cancer detected on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography that presented as insipid diabetes
Authors: Sahel Omar , Benameur Yassir , Nabih Salah , Biyi Abdelhamid , Doudouh Abderrahim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPituitary metastases are rare, are generally asymptomatic, and often remain undiagnosed. Breast cancer is the most common primary cancer metastasizing to hypophysis in women. However, it is difficult to clinically and radiologically differentiate pituitary metastases from pituitary adenomas. We report a case of pituitary metastases diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography, which was the prime manifestation of a breast cancer in a 46-year-old female. This cancer was revealed by insipid diabetes.
The Impact of Fee and Liability Waivers on Patronage of Rattray Park in Ghana
Authors: Koli Seth , Kuuder Conrad-J. Wuleka , Poku Getrude 
Published: October 2020

The study assessed the relationship between fee and liability waivers introduced at Rattray Park vis-a-vis its patronage by low income earners within the Kumasi Metropolis. Barriers to park use as well as safety awareness were also analysed. The research design adopted as a guide was the survey study method. In all, 141 revellers were contacted through questionnaire administration within a 3-day period during the programme. Indepth Interview (IDI) schedules were also conducted with key stakeholders who were incharge of organising the waiver programmes. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS while qualitative data were manually transcribed. The study revealed that low income earners took advantage of the waiver programmes (attested by 44% of respondents) with p-value of 0.034 to make use of the park. Similarly, about 70% of respondents consideredinability to afford the cost of entry tickets a factor which hindered their recreational use of the park. The fee waiver concept was noted in the study as well-intended and a strategic recommendation suggested by park-goers signaled the need for boosting recreational activities in the park to engage visitors all day long for a richer experience.
Keywords: Fee Waivers, Liability Waivers, Revellers, Rattray Park, Low Income Earners
Effects of Humidity on the Dissolution Profiles of Controlled Release Theophylline Matrix Tablets Containing Release Enhancers Prepared By Melt Granulation and Coacervation Techniques
Authors: Avbunudiogba J.A. 
Published: October 2020

The quantity of moisture present in tablets plays a major role in influencing the physical/chemical properties of tablets especially dissolution profiles. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of relative humidity on the dissolution profiles of controlled release theophylline matrix tablets containing release enhancer prepared by melt granulation and simple coacervation techniques. Sucrose and microcrystalline cellulose at concentration of 3% w/w, 5% w/w, 7.5% w/w, and 10% w/w were included in the blends as release enhancers before compression into nondisintegrating matrix tablets. Resulting tablets were exposed to 0% and 75% relative humidity. Sample were withdrawn at 0, 15 days, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months and evaluated for cumulative drug release. Interactions were investigated using modern technology: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Initial and maximum release were increased after exposure to 75% relative humidity. There was no drug – excipients interaction. Thus moisture increased theophylline release from both sets of tablets prepared by melt granulation and simple coacervation techniques.
Keywords: Theophylline, Matrix tablets, Dissolution profiles, Release enhancers, Relative humidity
Effect of Fermentation, Germination and Combined Germination-Fermentation Processing Methods on the Nutrient and Anti-nutrient Contents of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Seeds
Authors: Anaemene D.I. , Fadupin G.T. 
Published: October 2020

Cereals remain the major components of traditional complementary foods but possess antinutritional factors in addition to nutrients. High antinutrient content have been linked to poor quality complementary foods and high level of undernutrition among children less than two years. Hence, this study examined the effect of fermentation, germination and combined germination-fermentation processing methods on the nutrient and antinutrient contents of Quality Protein Maize (QPM). Maize seeds were fermented and germinated for 72 hours. A batch of the germinated seeds was further fermented for 24 and 48 hours separately. The raw and processed maize seeds were chemically analysed for proximate, mineral (calcium, iron and zinc) and antinutrient (phytate, tannin, oxalate, saponin, polyphenol and hemaglutinnin) composition. ANOVA was used to detect significant differences. Result showed that the crude protein content of raw QPM seeds increased significantly from 10.04% to 10.44% after fermentation while it decreased to 9.12% following germination (72 hours)-fermentation (48 hours). Crude fat content decreased significantly with the treatments (4.70-3.20%). Calcium (10.38-4.23mg/100g) and iron (3.70-1.90mg/100g) contents decreased significantly with all the methods. Germination and combined germination-fermentation reduced more antinutrients in maize compared to fermentation. Fermented seeds had the least tannin (28-27.5 mg/100g) and phytate (967.5-828.5 mg/100g) reduction while the oxalate (590-646 mg/100g), saponin (425-545 mg/100g) and hemaglutinnin (17.31-19.53 mg/100g) contents increased. Germination-fermentation (24 hours) decreased phytate content by > 90% and retained more iron (79 vs 61%) and zinc (80 vs 74%) than fermentation. Combined germination-fermentation (24 hours) was more effective in antinutrient reduction in Quality Protein Maize seeds.
Keywords: Maize, complementary foods, antinutrients, processing
Determination of Optimal Number of Servers at Network Queuing Nodes to Reduce Waiting Time in a Tertiary Institution Clinic in Bida, Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad I. , Adamu L. 
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a network queuing model that determines optimal numbers of servers at the nodes of the school clinic network queuing system to reduce waiting time of the patients has been presented. The relevant data was collected for a period four weeks, through direct observations and interviews. The number of arrivals and departures were also obtained. The total expected waiting time of the patient in the current system before modification was 50minutes with total number of 10 servers in all the nodes, while the total new expected waiting time of patient in the system after modification was reduced to 19 minutes with total number of 17 servers in all the nodes. The study has determined optimal number of servers at the nodes of the school clinic network system. Results from this study is an important information to the management of the school clinic for proper planning and better service delivery.
Keywords: Network Queuing System, Nodes, Servers, School Clinic.
Screening of Fungi Isolates from Kaduna Refinery Effluent and Romi River and Their Potential for Bioremediation
Authors: Obukohwo K. , Vantsawa P.A. , Dibal D.M. , Ijah U.J.J. , Onwumere G.B. , Ndibe T.O. 
Published: October 2020

The operation of Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) has increased effluent generation with consequent effects on water quality and habitat since it is discharged into nearby receiving water body. These effluents contain heavy metals and other toxicants. Samples were collected from the effluent discharge point of the Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) and from Romi River located at Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna state. Standard methods were used to analyze the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals of the effluents. A total of 14 fungi isolates were identified from the samples. These fungi isolates were screened for their bioremediation potential on some toxic components in refinery effluent and were identified using molecular techniques. Four fungi isolates (Chrysosporium tropicum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae) were selected for bioremediation. Carbon (IV) oxide evolution increased progressively during the period of bioremediation. There was a noticeable decline in the phenol, lead, cadmium and nickel in the entire bioremediation medium. There was a positive correlation between phenol and cadmium with a coefficient of 0.969. Consortia of fungi isolated from the refinery effluent and Romi River samples were effective in the bioremediation of refinery effluent. The mixed consortium of four fungi showed the most efficacies in the bioremediation of refinery effluent in terms of phenol, oil and grease, cadmium, lead and cadmium reduction. Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Corporation (KRPC) should adopt bioremediation as one of the techniques in treating effluents before being discharged into receiving water bodies
Keywords: Effluents, Fungi, heavy metal, bioremediation.