bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of active sites in recombinant betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase is modulated by potassium
Authors: Muñoz‐Bacasehua César , Rosas‐Rodríguez Jesús A. , Arvizu‐Flores Aldo A. , Stephens‐Camacho Aurora , Soñanez‐Organis José G. , Figueroa‐Soto Ciria G. , Valenzuela‐Soto Elisa M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBetaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH EC 1.2.1.8) catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine using NAD+ as a coenzyme. Porcine kidney BADH (pkBADH) follows a bi‐bi ordered mechanism in which NAD+ binds to the enzyme before the aldehyde. Previous studies showed that NAD+ induces complex and unusual conformational changes on pkBADH and that potassium is required to maintain its quaternary structure. The aim of this work was to analyze the structural changes in pkBADH caused by NAD+ binding and the role played by potassium in those changes. The pkBADH cDNA was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein was purified by affinity chromatography using a chitin matrix. The pkBADH/NAD+ interaction was analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) and by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) by titrating the enzyme with NAD+. The cDNA has an open reading frame of 1485 bp and encodes a protein of 494 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 53.9 kDa. CD data showed that the binding of NAD+ to the enzyme caused changes in its secondary structure, whereas the presence of K+ helps maintain its α‐helix content. K+ increased the thermal stability of the pkBADH‐NAD+ complex by 5.3°C. ITC data showed that NAD+ binding occurs with different association constants for each active site between 37.5 and 8.6 μM. All the results support previous data in which the enzyme incubation with NAD+ provoked changes in reactivity, which is an indication of slow conformational rearrangements of the active site.
MicroRNA 182 is a Novel Negative Regulator of Adipogenesis by Targeting CCAAT/Enhancer‐Binding Protein α
Authors: Dong Meijuan , Ye Yuqing , Chen Zhinan , Xiao Ting , Liu Wei , Hu Fang 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveRecent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) play key roles in adipogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miR‐182 in adipogenesis.MethodsThis study used the 3T3‐L1 cell line and human visceral adipose tissue (VAT)‐derived adipocytes to determine the role of miR‐182 in adipogenesis. Adipose tissues from mice with high‐fat diet–induced obesity, ob/ob mice, or human individuals with obesity were used to determine the association of miR‐182 levels with obesity. A luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the target of miR‐182.ResultsThe expression level of miR‐182 was greatly downregulated during white adipogenesis and markedly lower in the VAT of mice and humans with obesity. Ectopic expression of miR‐182 in 3T3‐L1 cells and human adipocytes suppressed the formation of lipid droplets and the expression of adipogenic genes. The luciferase reporter assay showed that miR‐182 targeted the 3′‐untranslated sequence of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα) directly. In addition, glucocorticoids negatively regulated miR‐182 expression, which, in turn, suppressed the glucocorticoid‐induced expression of C/EBPα.ConclusionsTaken together, our studies identified miR‐182 as a novel negative regulator of adipogenesis and a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
Low von Willebrand factor in pediatric patients: Retrospective analysis of 293 cases informs diagnostic and therapeutic decision making
Authors: Shui Michelle , D'Angelo Loren , Croteau Stacy E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLow von Willebrand factor (VWF) poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for predicting bleed risk and need for empiric hemostatic therapy, particularly in children. Retrospective review identified 293 low VWF pediatric patients and investigated clinical and laboratory features. Low activity to antigen ratio was observed in 142 patients. When evaluation included VWF activity with gain‐of‐function glycoprotein Ib fragments (VWF:GPIbM) assay or VWF exon 28 sequencing, low VW was excluded in the majority (62%) of these patients. Application of a condensed bleeding assessment tool to quantify bleeding symptoms and use of the VWF:GPIbM assay may reduce the number of patients with bleed risk anxiety and unnecessary hemostatic management plans.
Registration of ‘Bobcat’ hard red winter wheat
Authors: Bruckner P. L. , Berg J. E. , Lamb P. F. , Kephart K. D. , Eberly J. O. , Miller J. H. , Chen C. , Torrion J. A. , Pradhan G. P. , Ramsfield R. , Nash D. L. , Holen D. L. , Cook J. P. , Gale S. , Jin Y. , Kolmer J. , Chen X. , Bai G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract‘Bobcat’ (Reg. no. CV‐1161, PI 693235) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2019. Bobcat is of unknown pedigree, derived from a composite of two related single crosses made in 2007: MT0598/98X366‐E29‐1 and 01X258‐C1/MT0598. MT0598 is an unreleased, hollow‐stem experimental line, and 98X366‐E29‐1 and 01X258‐C1 are unreleased, Montana solid‐stem experimental lines. Bobcat was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F5:6 head row. Bobcat was tested under the experimental number MTS1588 from 2015 to 2019 in Montana. Quality was evaluated in multilocation Montana trials since 2015. Bobcat is a solid‐stem, high‐yielding HRW wheat cultivar with medium to high test weight, medium maturity, reduced height (Rht‐B1b), medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Bobcat was released for its improved host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) conditioned by stem solidness, along with short stature, and improved yield potential relative to ‘Warhorse’, the current predominant solid‐stem cultivar in Montana.
Synthesis of bottlebrush block copolymers from bottlebrush polystyrene and bottlebrush random copolymer of ω‐end‐norbornyl polymethacrylates and their self‐assembly
Authors: Seo Ho‐Bin , Kim Myung‐Jin , Yu Yong‐Guen , Chae Chang‐Geun , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSix different bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) (A‐b‐(B‐co‐C)) from bottlebrush polystyrene (A) and bottlebrush random copolymers (B‐co‐C) of polymethacrylates were synthesized through living anionic polymerization and ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. To induce the phase separation of bottlebrush polystyrene (PNB‐g‐PS) (A) and bottlebrush poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PNB‐g‐PBzMA) (C)‐based BBCP with an extremely low Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ), three kinds of bottlebrush polymethacrylates (B): poly(norbornene‐g‐methyl methacrylate) (PNB‐g‐PMMA), poly(norbornene‐g‐tert‐butyl methacrylate) (PNB‐g‐PtBMA), and poly(norbornene‐g‐methacrylic acid) (PNB‐g‐PMAA), respectively, were randomly combined with C. An order–disorder phase transition of the BBCPs (A‐b‐(B‐co‐C)) was observed with a change in mole ratios of PMMA, PtBMA, or PMAA to PBzMA of 25, 50, and 75% in random copolymer blocks using field‐emission scanning microscopy. While the BBCP with 25% of PMAA in the random copolymer block showed an ordered lamellar nanostructure, a disordered morphology was revealed at 75% PMAA. SEM showed that the incorporation of PtBMA and PBzMA showed better‐ordered lamellar morphologies than was the case with PMMA and PBzMA at the same mole ratios.
Analysis of Natech risk induced by lightning strikes in floating roof tanks based on the Bayesian network model
Authors: Cheng Yulong , Luo Yun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBased on the Bayesian network, a risk assessment model of Natech was established to assess the risks associated with lightning. Based on existing research results and expert analyses, a causal relationship between different parameters was constructed, and the conditional probability values of nodes were determined. This Natech risk assessment model was used to predict and analyze the fire explosion of inner floating roof tanks caused by lightning. The results showed that Natech risk assessment models by the Bayesian network could clearly express the direct causality of risk factors and perform both predictive and diagnostic analyses.
Hydrothermal Treatment to Improve Processing Characteristics of Flour for Gluten‐Free Pasta
Authors: Rudra Shalini Gaur , Anand Vishnu , Kaur Charanjit , Bhooshan Neeru , Bhardwaj Rakesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGluten‐free (GF) food formulations are being sought by millions of consumers across the world. However, limited food options available for them are often deficient in important nutrients and have low bioavailability. Pseudocereals like grain amaranth and millets like barnyard millet offer great benefits in terms of abundance of important nutrients, provide high quality protein, and are gluten free. Improving their processing attributes and protein digestibility however remains a challenge. In this study, gluten‐free pasta is prepared using amaranth and barnyard millet. Extrusion processing of flours is explored to improve their processing characteristics. Considering the pasting profile of flours, extruded barnyard millet flour demonstrating lower peak viscosity while providing higher final viscosities is used to bring extruded amaranth flour properties close to semolina. Preheating at 40 °C prior to drying increased the firmness maximum by 1.28 times. Further, drying at high temperature under high humidity condition increases pasta firmness by 13% and reduces stickiness by 20.9%. The rate of protein digestion of GF pasta is 0.1853 min−1 in comparison to semolina pasta (0.1234 min−1) which indicates ease of digestibility of GF pasta, a desirable attribute in the case of already digestion‐compromised celiac patients.
Cross‐level fragility analysis of modularized suspended buildings based on experimentally validated numerical models
Authors: Ye Zhihang , Shafieezadeh Abdollah , Sezen Halil , Wu Gang , Feng De‐Cheng 
Published: June 2020

SummarySuspended buildings typically have a core as the primary and suspended floors as the secondary structures. These configurations offer visual transparency, smaller vertical components, and seismic attenuation via the primary–secondary structure interaction. Such attenuation is further enhanced by the modularization of the suspended segment which allows large drifts but prevents them from causing damage. Previously conducted shake‐table tests have confirmed these features. However, how the component performance contributes to system performance has not been quantitated. To address this gap, fragility analyses are conducted for 10‐story experimentally validated models with optimized supplemental dampers and inter‐module stiffness. Multiple limit state functions are proposed to provide a full account of damage sources. Additionally, a mapping rule from the component‐level to the system‐level limit states is developed which captures the influence of damage distribution on system‐level limit states. Results for the uncontrolled suspended building indicate that for the PGV of 0.5 m/s, the failure probabilities of the repairable and life safety limit states are 97% and 83%, respectively. These probabilities are 92% and 27% for the frame structure with viscous dampers, 58% and 5% for the passive‐controlled modularized suspended building system (MSBS), and 45% and 3% for MSBS with optimal vertical distributions of modularized secondary structure.
Distributed treatment systems
Authors: Ng Andrew J. , Sheehan Nathaniel P. , Martinez Erick , Murray Kyle , McCollum Caleb , Flagg Tim , Boyle John , Bier Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis section presents a review of the scientific literature published in 2019 on topics relating to distributed treatment systems. This review is divided into the following sections: constituent removal, treatment technologies, planning and treatment management, and other topics.Practitioner points

Highlights changes and innovation in removal techniques and technologies in water treatment.

Reviews management systems of distributed treatment systems.

Discusses point‐of‐use treatment systems.
Frequency distribution in intraoperative stimulation-evoked EMG responses during selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy—part 1: clinical setting and neurophysiological procedure
Authors: Wolter Simone , Spies Claudia , Martin John H. , Schulz Matthias , Sarpong-Bengelsdorf Akosua , Unger Joachim , Thomale Ulrich-W. , Michael Theodor , Murphy James F. , Haberl Hannes 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) consists of microsurgical partial deafferentation of sensory nerve roots (L1–S2). It is primarily used today in decreasing spasticity in young cerebral palsy (CP) patients. Intraoperative monitoring (IOM) is an essential part of the surgical decision-making process, aimed at improving functional results. The role played by SDR-IOM is examined, while realizing that connections between complex EMG responses to nerve–root stimulation and a patient’s individual motor ability remain to be clarified.

Methods
We conducted this retrospective study, analyzing EMG responses in 146 patients evoked by dorsal–root and rootlet stimulation, applying an objective response–classification system, and investigating the prevalence and distribution of the assessed grades. Part1 describes the clinical setting and SDR procedure, reintroduced in Germany by the senior author in 2007.

Results
Stimulation-evoked EMG response patterns revealed significant differences along the segmental levels. More specifically, a comparison of grade 3+4 prevalence showed that higher-graded rootlets were more noticeable at lower nerve root levels (L5, S1), resulting in a typical rostro-caudal anatomical distribution.

Conclusions
In view of its prophylactic potential, SDR should be carried out at an early stage in all CP patients suffering from severe spasticity. It is particularly effective when used as an integral part of a coordinated, comprehensive spasticity program in which a team of experts pool their information. The IOM findings pertaining to the anatomical grouping of grades could be of potential importance in adjusting the SDR-IOM intervention to suit the specific individual constellation, pending further validation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03079362
Nocturnal singing by diurnal birds in a temperate region of central Europe
Authors: Kułaga Kinga , Budka Michał 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMost bird species sing by day, with two distinct peaks of vocal activity—around sunrise and sunset. However, even typically diurnal birds also sing during at night what is for them an atypical part of the day. To date, the mechanism and function(s) of such behaviour remain unclear across bird taxa. In our study we focused on night singing by diurnal birds in two different types of environments—forests and open areas in eastern Poland. We examined: (1) which diurnal species sing at night (defined as the period between astronomical dusk and dawn); (2) how intensively different species vocalise at night; and (3) whether the occurrence of nocturnal singing by diurnal birds depends on the type of environment. To do this, we used autonomous sound recorders to record soundscapes in 27 points located in open habitats and 27 points located in forests. At each location the recorder continuously collected data for an entire day during the breeding season, from one hour before dawn to 10 AM the next day. All night songs were classified to their species of origin via manual spectrogram scanning. We recorded 88 bird species in total (12 orders, 32 families), of which 24 species (7 orders, 15 families) sang at night. Night singing was observed significantly more often in open areas than in forests. The frequency and intensity of night singing was species-specific and ranged from occasional singing to regular and intense singing. We hypothesise that elevated light levels have a crucial influence on night singing, but that the effect of light may also be modified by environmental factors (e.g., predator pressure).
The Stability Functions and Realizability of the Turbulent Kinetic Energy–Scalar Variance Closure for Moist Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Turbulence
Authors: Machulskaya Ekaterina , Mironov Dmitrii V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe problem of realizability of the second-order turbulence closure models (parametrization schemes) is addressed through the consideration of the so-called “stability functions”. The emphasis is on the turbulence kinetic energy–scalar variance (TKESV) closure scheme that carries prognostic transport equations for the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and for the variances and covariance of two quasi-conservative scalars suitable for describing moist atmospheric boundary-layer turbulence. Stability functions appear within the framework of truncated closure schemes, where (i) the Reynolds-stress and scalar-flux equations (and, within the framework of one-equation TKE schemes, also equations for scalar variances and covariance) are reduced to the diagnostic algebraic formulations by neglecting the substantial derivatives and the third-order transport terms, and (ii) simplified linear parametrizations of the pressure-scrambling terms are used. The stability functions are ill-behaved (tend to infinity or become negative) over a certain range of governing parameters, e.g., mean velocity shear and buoyancy gradient. Using the approach of Helfand and Labraga (J Atmos Sci 45:113–132, 1988), we develop regularized stability functions for the TKESV scheme that reveal no pathological behaviour over their entire parameter space. The physical meaning of the regularization procedure and its relation to non-linear parametrizations of the pressure-scrambling terms and to weak non-equilibrium hypothesis are discussed. Finally, realizability of turbulence closures is considered within a more general framework of the moments problem of the probability theory.
Abscisic Acid-Induced Autophagy Selectively via MAPK/JNK Signalling Pathway in Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhou Nan , Wei Zixuan , Qi Zengxin , Chen Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a widely known plant hormone, Abscisic acid plays an important role in the progress of planting cell and their stress response. Recently, we reported that ABA might play an anti-cancer role in glioma tissues. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of ABA anti-cancer was further explored in glioblastoma cells. By measuring LC3 puncta formation and conversion in glioblastoma cells, inhibiting the autophagic pathway, targeting the essential autophagic modulator beclin 1 with RNA interference, and analysing cellular morphology via transmission electron microscopy, we found that ABA-treated glioblastoma cells exhibited the features of autophagy. Specifically, ABA-induced autophagy in glioblastoma cells was mediated by the MAPK/JNK signalling pathway rather than the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. Moreover, the inhibition or knockdown of JNK specifically blocked ABA-induced autophagic cell death. ABA-induced autophagy was further confirmed in tumour-bearing mice and was accompanied by the inhibition of glioma growth in vivo. This report is the first to describe autophagy induced by ABA and mediated by the MAPK/JNK pathway in human cancer cells and tumour-bearing mice. These results may shed some light in new therapeutic strategies of glioma.
Assessing the Measurement Invariance of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in School Students in China and the United Kingdom
Authors: Allen Jennifer L. , Shou Yiyun , Wang Meng-Cheng , Bird Elisabeth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe current study investigated the measurement invariance of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in school-attending youth in the UK (N = 437) and China (N = 364). The original 24-item ICU and five shortened versions proposed in previous studies were tested and compared using confirmatory factor analysis in the UK sample. Results indicated that the original ICU was a poor fit in the UK sample. A shortened, 11-item version (ICU-11) featuring two factors (Callousness and Uncaring) provided the best fit and was invariant across gender in both the UK and Chinese samples. Comparisons of the ICU-11 in UK and Chinese school children revealed a similar item-factor combination and factor loadings, but different item thresholds. Findings indicate that the ICU-11 may be a preferable alternative to the original version, but that average ICU-11 scores may have a different meaning in the UK and China.
Oracle-based algorithms for binary two-stage robust optimization
Authors: Kämmerling Nicolas , Kurtz Jannis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work we study binary two-stage robust optimization problems with objective uncertainty. We present an algorithm to calculate efficiently lower bounds for the binary two-stage robust problem by solving alternately the underlying deterministic problem and an adversarial problem. For the deterministic problem any oracle can be used which returns an optimal solution for every possible scenario. We show that the latter lower bound can be implemented in a branch and bound procedure, where the branching is performed only over the first-stage decision variables. All results even hold for non-linear objective functions which are concave in the uncertain parameters. As an alternative solution method we apply a column-and-constraint generation algorithm to the binary two-stage robust problem with objective uncertainty. We test both algorithms on benchmark instances of the uncapacitated single-allocation hub-location problem and of the capital budgeting problem. Our results show that the branch and bound procedure outperforms the column-and-constraint generation algorithm.
Phase 1 dose-escalation study of a novel oral PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, LY3023414, in patients with cancer
Authors: Kondo Shunsuke , Tajimi Masaomi , Funai Tomohiko , Inoue Koichi , Asou Hiroya , Ranka Vinay Kumar , Wacheck Volker , Doi Toshihiko 
Published: June 2020

SummaryLY3023414 is an oral, selective adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase isoforms, mammalian target of rapamycin, and DNA-protein kinase in clinical development. We report results of a 3 + 3 dose-escalation Phase 1 study for twice-daily (BID) dosing of LY3023414 monotherapy in Japanese patients with advanced malignancies. The primary objective was to evaluate tolerability and safety of LY3023414. Secondary objectives were to evaluate pharmacokinetics and to explore antitumor activity. A total of 12 patients were enrolled and received 150 mg (n = 3) or 200 mg (n = 9) LY3023414 BID. Dose-limiting toxicities were only reported at 200 mg LY3023414 for 2 patients with Grade 3 stomatitis. Common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) across both the dose levels included stomatitis (75.0%), nausea (66.7%), decreased appetite (58.3%), diarrhea, and decreased platelet count (41.7%), and they were mostly mild or moderate in severity. Related AEs Grade ≥ 3 reported for ≥1 patient included anemia, stomatitis, hypophosphatemia, and hyperglycemia (n = 2, 16.7%). Two patients discontinued due to AEs (interstitial lung disease and stomatitis). No fatal events were reported. The pharmacokinetic profile of LY3023414 was characterized by rapid absorption and elimination. Five patients had a best overall response of stable disease (150 mg, n = 3; 200 mg, n = 2) for a 55.6% disease control rate. LY3023414 up to 200 mg BID is tolerable and safe in Japanese patients with advanced malignancies.