bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rebirth of radiation therapy with kV X-rays?
Authors: Kalef-Ezra J. 
Published: February 2020

Novel clinical approaches using kV X-ray beams are currently under study, such as selective dose enhancement in malignant tissues due to the enhanced presence of atoms with high atomic number, Z, in tumors relative to normal tissues or the use of heavily spatially fractionated kV X-ray irradiation.Local dose enhancement by high Z atoms: A substantial dose gradient between normal and malignant tissues can be achieved by biologic targeting the cells to be “destroyed” with high Z atoms and its irradiation with photons in the energy region of tens of keV, such as synchrotron produced X-rays of energy above the K-edge. The selective accumulation of high Z atoms can be achieved by various techniques, such as by intravenous administration of a) contrast enhancement agents, b) some chemotherapeutic drugs c) nanoparticles and d) DNA precursors loaded with Z-atoms. Taking into account the limited availability and the high cost of GeV synchrotrons, brachytherapy sources could be used.Microbeam radiation therapy: Studies carried out in experimental models using spatially micro- fractionated beams have shown drastically elevated tissue radiation tolerance, with higher tissue sparing in healthy tissues than in malignant ones. This phenomenon is attributed by some investigators to the proliferation and migration of cells from the “low” dosed regions (~10 Gy) to the adjacent “heavily” dosed regions (many hundreds of grays). Multi-slit collimators allow for the production of X-ray microbeam arrays at 3rd generation synchrotron units. Monte Carlo simulations were tested versus direct dose measurements. Promising preclinical studies carried out so far, trigger studies on the development of alternative less expensive technologies.
Ojciec Ghewond Aliszan: poeta i historyk promiennej Armenii
Authors: Ohanian Wahan 
Published: February 2020

Father Ghewond Alishan: Poet and Historian of Bright Armenia
The article is an attempt to present the legacy of the Venetian Mechitarist, Father Ghewond Alishan (1820-1901) and show him as an armenologist, poet and propagator of Armenian patriotism. In addition, the author examines Alishan’s correspondence (the collection of letters is currently being prepared for print), which offers a special, more personal perspective on Alishan and the Venetian monastery on the island of San Lazzaro, where he spent most of his life.
Jeszcze o losach "Ewangeliarza ze Skewry"
Authors: Stopka Krzysztof 
Published: February 2020

Some More Insight into the Fate of the "Skevra Evangeliary"
The colophons of the Armenian manuscripts from Crimea that were recently published by Tatevik E. Sargsyan make it possible to put forward a thesis that the 12th-century evangeliary created in Skevra (Cilician Armenia), which is now held in the National Library in Warsaw, was kept in Crimea during the 15th century. At the time it belonged to Simeon, a monk from the hermitage of St. Gregory the Illuminator, next to Saint John the Baptist Church in Otuz, and was later sold in 1422 to its next owner known under the name of Khutlupek. There are no other records of this book prior to those found in Lwów (Lviv) in 1592. Its history before that year remains unknown.
Evolution of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease following proximal femoral varus osteotomy performed in the avascular necrosis stage: A prospective study
Authors: Singh Kumar Amerendra , Shah Hitesh , Joseph Benjamin , Aarvold Alexander , Kim Harry K. W. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose This prospective study was undertaken to describe patterns of fragmentation of the femoral epiphysis following a proximal femoral varus osteotomy (PFVO) done during stage I of LCPD and to assess the disease duration and outcome in each pattern. Methods A total of 25 children treated by a PFVO in stage I of LCPD were followed until healing. The MRI Perfusion Index, radiographic changes in the femoral epiphysis, disease duration and the Sphericity Deviation Score (SDS) at healing were documented. The reproducibility of classification of the pattern of fragmentation, estimation of disease duration and SDS were assessed. The duration of the disease and SDS in the patterns of fragmentation were compared. Results Four patterns of fragmentation were noted, namely, typical fragmentation, bypassing fragmentation, abortive fragmentation and atypical fragmentation with horizontal fissuring. The reproducibility of classifying the pattern of fragmentation was moderate (Kappa: 0.48) while the reproducibility of other continuous variables was excellent. The Perfusion Index was less than 50% in every affected hip. The duration of the disease and SDS were lowest in children in whom the stage of fragmentation was bypassed but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Following a proximal femoral osteotomy during stage I of LCPD the fragmentation stage may be bypassed partially or completely and the chances of a good outcome appear to be very good if fragmentation is bypassed. Level of Evidence Level II Prognostic Study
Is early migration enough to explain late clinical loosening of hip prostheses?
Authors: Mjöberg Bengt 
Published: February 2020

Prosthetic loosening has been debated for decades, both in terms of the timing and nature of the triggering events. Multiple radiostereometric studies of hip prostheses have now shown that early migration poses a risk of future clinical failure, but is this enough to explain late clinical loosening? To answer this question, the progression of loosening from initiation to radiographic detection is described; and the need for explanations other than early prosthetic loosening is analysed, such as stress-shielding, particle disease, and metal sensitivity. Much evidence indicates that prosthetic loosening has already been initiated during or shortly after the surgery, and that the subsequent progression of loosening is affected by biomechanical factors, fluid pressure fluctuations and inflammatory responses to necrotic cells and cell fragments, i.e. the concept of late loosening appears to be a misinterpretation of late-detected loosening. Clinical implications: atraumatic surgery and initial prosthetic stability are crucial in ensuring low risk of prosthetic loosening. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:113-117. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190014
Chondrosarcomas in children and adolescents
Authors: Puri Ajay 
Published: February 2020

Chondrosarcomas in children and adolescents are uncommon and constitute < 5% of all chondrosarcomas. There are very few studies discussing extremity chondrosarcomas in young patients. The pelvis is the most common site, followed by the proximal femur. As cartilaginous tumours can be quite challenging to diagnose, it is best for these lesions to be discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting which includes a radiologist and a pathologist specializing in bone tumours. Treatment principles are similar to those in adults, with adequate surgical excision respecting oncologic principles being the mainstay of treatment. Select extremity Grade I chondrosarcomas may be managed with extended intralesional curettage without increasing the risk for local recurrence or metastatic disease, but case selection is critical and should be based on clinical, imaging and histological characteristics. Chondrosarcomas are resistant to chemotherapy and relatively radioresistant. For mesenchymal chondrosarcomas, there may be a role for chemotherapy, though data on this is limited. Prognosis and rate of recurrence correlate directly to the adequacy of the surgical resection. Chondrosarcomas in younger patients behave in a similar fashion to those in adults, and outcomes in the young are no different from those in adults.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:90-95. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190052
Uchwały zarządu i rady nadzorczej spółki akcyjnej w procedurze podwyższenia kapitału zakładowego w granicach kapitału docelowego
Authors: Saczywko Maksymilian 
Published: February 2020

The paper focuses on resolutions adopted by the management board and the supervisory board of a joint-stock company to increase the share capital of a public limited company within its authorised capital. The author outlines the origin and nature of the authorised capital, the content and form of the abovementioned resolutions, their legal nature and different types of possible defects in them. Challenging defective resolutions is particularly important in practice. That matter is not regulated explicitly in Polish law. The possible solutions available under Italian and Spanish regulations that are presented indicate that the challenging of defective resolutions of the management board and the supervisory board in capital commercial companies, particularly those adopted in connection with authorised capital, should also be regulated in Poland.
The Principle of Self-Determination in the Context of Human Rights
Authors: Gadkowski Tadeusz 
Published: February 2020

The essay presents the issue of the principle of self-determination from the perspective of international human rights law. The author highlights the close relationship between the principle of self-determination and the principle of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. In practice, the principle of self-determination is a prerequisite for the effective guarantee of human rights, and, at the same time, guaranteed protection of human rights is a prerequisite for implementing the principle of national self determination. The author presents the issue of self-determination in the context of the basic regulations of international human rights law, considering regulations of both a ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ law character.
Linguistic Human Rights in Education
Authors: Szoszkiewicz Łukasz 
Published: February 2020

Linguistic human rights are a concept remaining on the crossroads of several scientific disciplines, e.g. linguistics, anthropology, psychology and, last but not least, human rights law. Taking the latter as a lens, this study seeks to clarify the concept of linguistic human rights in education – presumably, the most linguistically sensitive sphere in the life of individuals and communities. The paper demonstrates that despite little mention of language in the UN treaties (ICESCR, CRC, CERD, CADE), its importance is reflected in the practice of the relevant treaty-based bodies. Moreover, increasing interest from scholars across a range of disciplines is contributing to the development of a linguistic human rights doctrine and is penetrating the UN human rights framework.
Sector Inquiry into Cross-Border E-Commerce: Challenges and Practical Implications for European Union Completion Law
Authors: Szmigielski Artur 
Published: February 2020

The aim of this article is to show what the practical implications are regarding the Commission inquiry into e-commerce sector launched on 6 May 2015. Because of their specific and dynamic nature, the application of competition law to online markets may prove challenging. Therefore, the focus will be also directed to challenges that could be faced when anti-competitive practices in e-commerce sector are strictly enforced. The question is whether traditional competition analysis may be sufficiently able to reflect the way in which competition takes place on digital markets.
Correlation between neutrophil count and prognosis in STEMI patients with chronic renal dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cao Yuhan , Fu Cong , Wang Xin , Yu Chaojun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeutrophil is a key element in inflammation and stress disease, which are associated with poor clinical outcomes in various cardiac diseases. However, the clinical availability of neutrophil in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and chronic renal dysfunction has not been known. Accordingly, we designed this retrospective cohort study to evaluate the differences of major adverse cardiovascular events incidence between renal dysfunctional STEMI patients with normal and high neutrophil levels. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. We analyzed 377 consecutive STEMI patients with chronic renal dysfunction. The results showed that during 12-48 months follow-up, death from any-cause occurred in 1.4% patients (4 of 290) in normal-level neutrophil group, as compared with 3.4% in high-level neutrophil group (3 of 87) (hazard ratio, 2.174 95% confidence interval, 1.024-10.248; P = 0.025). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups with respect to the risk of death (P=0.018), and heart failure (P=0.037).
Performance deterioration of GaN-based laser diode by V-pits in the upper waveguide layer
Authors: Liang Feng , Zhao Degang , Jiang Desheng , Wang Wenjie , Liu Zongshun , Zhu Jianjun , Chen Ping , Yang Jing , Zhang Liqun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The effect of V-pits in the upper waveguide (UWG) on device performance of GaN-based laser diodes (LDs) has been studied. Experimental results demonstrate that in comparison with the LDs with u-In0.017Ga0.983N/u-GaN multiple UWG or u-In0.017Ga0.983N one, the LDs with a single u-GaN UWG has the best device performance. They have a smaller threshold current density, and a larger and more stable output optical power. The lowest threshold current density is as low as 1.3 kA/cm2, and the optical power reaches to 2.77 W. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy suggests that the deterioration of device performance of former kinds of devices may be attributed to the increase of V-pits’ size and quantity in the undoped-In0.017Ga0.983N UWG layer, and these V-pits could introduce more nonradiative recombination centers and exacerbate the inhomogeneity of injection current. Moreover, theoretical calculation results indicate that the increase of leakage current and optical loss are additional reasons for the device performance deterioration, which may be caused by a reduction of the potential barrier height for electrons in the quantum wells and by an increased background electron concentration in UWG.
Application of Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor (FKNN) to Detect the Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Desinaini L.N. , Mualimah Azizatul , Novitasari Dian C. R. , Hafiyusholeh Moh. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder in which there is a gradual loss of brain cells that make and store dopamine. Researchers estimate that four to six million people worldwide, are living with Parkinson’s. The average age of patients is 60 years old, but some are diagnosed at age 40 or even younger and the worst thing is some patients are late to find out that they have Parkinson's disease. In this paper, we present a diagnosis system based on Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor (FKNN) to detect Parkinson’s disease. We use Parkinson’s disease dataset taken from UCI Machine Learning Repository. The first step is normalize the Parkinson’s disease dataset and analyze using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result shows that there are four new factors that influence Parkinson’s disease with total variance is 85.719%. In classification step, we use several percentage of training data to classify (detect) the Parkinson's disease i.e. 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 90%. We also use k = 3, 5, 7, and 9. The classification result shows that the highest accuracy obtained for the percentage of training data is 90% and k = 5, where 19 are correctly classified i.e. 14 positive data and 5 negative data, while 1 positive data is classified incorrectly.Keywords: Parkinson's disease; Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor; Principal Component Analysis. AbstrakPenyakit Parkinson merupakan kelainan sel saraf pada otak yang menyebabkan hilangnya dopamin pada otak. Para peneliti mengestimasi bahwa, empat sampai enam juta orang di dunia, menderita Parkinson. Penyakit ini rata-rata diderita oleh pasien berusia 60 tahun, namun beberapa orang terdeteksi saat berusia 40 tahun atau lebih muda dan hal terburuk adalah seseorang terlambat untuk mendeteksinya. Di dalam artikel ini, kami menyajikan sistem diagnosa penyakit Parkinson menggunakan metode Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor (FKNN). Kami menggunakan Data uji yang diperoleh dari UCI Machine Learning Repository yang telah banyak diterapkan pada masalah klasifikasi. Tahapan pertama yang kami lakukan adalah menormalisasi data kemudian menganalisisnya menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principal Component Analysis). Hasil Analisis Komponen Utama menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat factor baru yang mempengaruhi penyakit Parkinson dengan variansi total 87,719%. Pada tahap klasifikasi, kami menggunakan beberapa prosentase data latih untuk mendeteksi penyakit yaitu 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 90%. Selain itu, kami menggunakan beberapa nilai k yaitu 3, 5, 7, and 9. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa klasifikasi dengan akurasi tertinggi diperoleh untuk 90% data latih dengan k = 5, dimana 19 diklasifikasikan secara tepat yaitu 14 data positif dan 5 data negatif, sedangkan satu data positif tidak diklasifikasikan dengan tepat.Keywords: penyakit Parkinson; Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor; Analisis Komponen Utama.
Balance control of the orthostatic body pose in physical education of students
Authors: Zanevskyy Ihor , Nowak Stanislaw 
Published: February 2020

Background and Study Aim. Maintaining upright body posture is fundamental for humans. The aim of the research is to determine influence of the feet situation on the balance of the orthostatic body pose in physical education.
Material and Methods. Ten 19–21 years old university students were involved into the research. The test consisted of five measurements − each of them in another feet situation with ten minutes relax before every measurement. Measurements were done using two twin platforms kinesis-meter CQStab2P. A length of the horizontal projection of centre of pressure during 30 seconds was measured as a test result.
Results. Because near normal distribution (SW-W = 0.893−0.963, p = 0.183−0.806), parametric statistics were used to elaborate results on the balance test reliability: two ways ANOVA, intra-class correlation, t-Student, and Pearson correlation. Groups variations of results in all the five feet situations were derived about the border between moderate and great: V = 20.0 − 23.5%. Test-retest results correlate between groups repeated measurement on moderate − high levels (r = 0.593 − 0.954).
Conclusions. In the balance control of the orthostatic body pose in the physical education of students a feet situation should be taken into consideration, because a significant difference between lengths of the centre of pressure during the control on the balance platform relatively a body pose (p < .046). Balance testing on the platform could be conducted on the appropriable, good, and excellent levels of reliability using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.791 – 0.975).
Improved cyclability of Nickel-rich layered oxides
Authors: Wagner Nils P. , Tolchard Julian R. , Tron Artur , Pollen Harald N. , Gaertner Heiko , Vullum Per E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study compares the physico- and electro- chemical properties of LiNi0.8Mn0.10Co0.1O2 (NMC811) and LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.09Al0.1O2 (NMCA) prepared by an oxalic acid co-precipitation. Deposition of a SiO2 surface coating was attempted via reaction of the powder with an amino silane prior to the final heat treatment. It was found that either the presence of small amounts of Al3+, or the compositional gradient resulting from a two step co-precipitation, caused increased crystal growth of the NMCA in comparison to NMC811. This led to improved cyclability in LP40 electrolyte. However, the SiO2 coating appeared incomplete and negatively impacted performance. Crystal cleavage preferably on the 001 planes was observed after 100 charge-discharge cycles, with consequent cathode electrolyte interphase formation in the crystal cracks. This is believed to cause capacity decay via lithium loss, and increased charge transfer resistance. An FEC based electrolyte improved the cyclability in all cases and even under extreme conditions (45°C and upper cycling potential of 4.5 V) NMCA showed a capacity retention of 85% after 100 cycles.
Lökositoklastik vaskülitli hastaların demografik, etyolojik ve klinik özellikleri tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: TEZCAN Dilek , LİMON Muhammet , GÜLCEMAL Semral , YILMAZ Sema 
Published: February 2020

ÖZ Amaç:
Lökositoklastik vaskülit, primer deri tutulumu ile seyreden, esas olarak
post kapiller venülleri
etkileyen bir küçük damar vaskülit formudur. Etiyolojide ilaçlar, enfeksiyonlar, maligniteler,
sistemik inflamatuvar hastalıklar gibi çeşitli nedenler yer almaktadır. Ancak
olguların bir kısmında neden
saptanamamakta ve bu olgular idiyopatik olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Klinik olarak özellikle alt ekstremitelerde sınırlı
palpe edilebilen purpuralar ile karakterize olup,
nadiren yaygın tutulum da gözlenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kliniğimizde lökositoklastik
vaskülit tanısı almış hastalarda etiyolojik faktörler, demografik ve klinik özelliklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç
ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak 2018 - Nisan
2019 arasında Romatoloji Bilim Dalında 2012 Uluslararası Chapel Hill
Toplantısına göre lökositoklastik vaskülit tanısı konulan
40 hasta dahil edildi. Çalışmaya 18 yaş üstü hastalar dahil edildi.
Hastaların epidemiyolojik, klinik,
laboratuar bulguları ve tedavi bilgileri retrospektif olarak dosya kayıtları
incelenerek elde edildi.Bulgular: Kırk hastanın (25 kadın, 15 erkek)
yaş ortalaması 48.02±19.9 olduğu tespit edildi. Kutanöz lezyonlar en sık alt
ekstremite yerleşimli, palpe edilebilen purpurik
papül-plaklar şeklindeydi ve lezyonlara en sık eşlik eden semptomun kaşıntı olduğu saptandı.
Hastaların %37.5 ’inde herhangi
bir etyolojik neden saptanmamasına karşın,
kalan hastaların %25’inde
enfeksiyon ve/veya ilaç kullanımı öyküsü
mevcuttu. Hastaların % 37.5’ine malignite
ve romatizmal hastalık eşlik ediyordu.
Sistemik kortikosteroidler en sık tercih
edilen tedavi seçeneğiydi.

Sonuç: Lökositoklastik vaskülit çoğunlukla ilaçlar ve enfeksiyon tarafından tetiklenen, malignite ve romatolojik
hastalıkların da eşlik edebileceği iyi seyirli, kendi kendini sınırlayan bir hastalıktır. Altta yatan etiyolojinin belirlenmesi tedavide önemli bir basamak
olmakla birlikte sistemik kortikosteroidler de etkin
bir tedavi seçeneğidir.
Consumo de drogas en estudiantes de centros escolares en San Salvador, El Salvador
Authors: Bautista Pérez Fabio 
Published: February 2020

Los estudiantes en el nivel primario de educación por estar en la etapa de la adolescencia están en peligro de ser inducidos al consumo de drogas, por lo que es importante realizar estudios sobre su consumo. Uno de los objetivos del estudio fue analizar las diferencias en el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana en los adolescentes con relación a la edad y al género. La investigación fue realizada en escuelas de educación básica ubicadas en la ciudad de San Salvador, El Salvador, Centro América. El estudio fue no experimental con un enfoque descriptivo, multivariado y con un diseño trasversal y ex post facto. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por estudiantes de primaria y secundaria de 12 escuelas con una población de 3356 estudiantes, la muestra fue de 345. El inicio de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana por los estudiantes fue más frecuente a las edades de 12 a 14 años; los varones tuvieron un consumo más alto que las féminas para la prevalencia una vez en la vida del consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana. Para los últimos 12 meses el consumo de tabaco fue ligeramente mayor en el género femenino que el masculino, el consumo de alcohol fue similar en ambos géneros y el consumo de marihuana fueron iguales para ambos. Para los últimos 30 días el consumo de tabaco y alcohol fue similar en ambos géneros y el consumo de marihuana fueron iguales.