bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in China
Authors: Lu Jiapeng , Zhang Lihua , Lu Yuan , Su Meng , Li Xi , Liu Jiamin , Zhang Haibo , Nasir Khurram , Masoudi Frederick A , Krumholz Harlan M , Li Jing , Zheng Xin 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the current use of secondary prevention drugs and identify its associated individual characteristics among those with established cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the communities of China.MethodsWe studied 2 613 035 participants aged 35–75 years from 8577 communities in 31 provinces in the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project, a government-funded public health programme conducted from 2014 to 2018. Participants self-reported their history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or ischaemic stroke (IS) and medication use in an interview. Multivariable mixed models with a logit link function and community-specific random intercepts were fitted to assess the associations of individual characteristics with the reported use of secondary prevention therapies.ResultsAmong 2 613 035 participants, 2.9% (74 830) reported a history of IHD and/or IS, among whom the reported use rate either antiplatelet drugs or statins was 34.2% (31.5% antiplatelet drugs, 11.0% statins and 8.3% both). Among the 1 530 408 population subgroups, which were defined by all possible permutations of 16 individual characteristics, reported use of secondary prevention drugs varied substantially (8.4%–60.6%). In the multivariable analysis, younger people, women, current smokers, current drinkers, people without hypertension or diabetes and those with established CVD for more than 2 years were less likely to report taking antiplatelet drugs or statins.ConclusionsThe current use of secondary prevention drugs in China is suboptimal and varies substantially across population subgroups. Our study identifies target populations for scalable, tailored interventions to improve secondary prevention of CVD.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with normal left atrial pressure undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair
Authors: Sims Jason R , Reeder Guy S , Guerrero Mayra , Alkhouli Mohamad , Nkomo Vuyisile T , Nishimura Rick A , Rihal Charanjit S , Eleid Mackram F 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveA subset of patients at the time of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) will have normal left atrial pressure (LAP) (<13 mm Hg) despite having severe mitral regurgitation (MR). The goal of this study was to determine clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with normal LAP undergoing TMVR.MethodsA single-centre retrospective cohort of consecutive patients who underwent transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve clip and continuous LAP monitoring between 5/1/2014 and 5/1/2018 was analysed. One-year mortality was compared by Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of normal LAP and 1 year mortality.ResultsOf the 204 patients undergoing TMVR, 65% were men and the mean age was 81. Of these patients, 31 (15%) had normal LAP (mean LAP 10.5 mm Hg, mean V wave 16.5 mm Hg) and 173 had elevated LAP (mean LAP 19 mm Hg, mean V wave 32.5 mm Hg). The prevalence of severe MR was not different between groups, although the normal LAP group had significantly lower effective regurgitant orifice area and regurgitant volume. Other notable baseline characteristics including prior cardiac surgery, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, body mass index, mechanism of MR and ejection fraction were similar between groups. However, there was an increased prevalence of chronic lung disease (CLD) (45.2% vs 17.3%, p<0.001) in the normal LAP group. On multivariate analysis, the only significant predictor of normal LAP was the presence of CLD (OR 4.79 (1.83–12.36), p=0.001) and 1-year mortality was significantly higher in the normal LAP group (32.3% vs 12.7%, p=0.006). After adjustment for comorbidities, normal LAP was no longer a predictor of 1-year mortality (RR 1.62 (0.64–4.06), p=0.32); however, CLD (RR 3.44 (1.37–8.67), p=0.01) remained a statistically significant predictor.ConclusionNormal LAP at the time of TMVR is associated with a higher incidence of CLD which independently predicts increased 1-year mortality. In patients with CLD and apparently severe MR, measurement of LAP may help identify those with lower likelihood of benefit from TMVR.
Perineural invasion as a predictive factor for survival outcome in gastric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Bochao , Lv Wu , Mei Di , Luo Rui , Bao Shiyang , Huang Baojun , Lin Jie 
Published: January 2020

AimsThe prognostic significance of perineural invasion (PNI) for gastric cancer (GC) patients was under debate. This study aimed to review relevant studies and evaluate the impact of PNI on the survival outcome of GC patients.MethodsSystematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase databases. The relevant data were extracted, and the association between PNI and clinicopathological characteristics or survival outcome in GC patients were evaluated using a fixed-effect model or random-effect model.ResultsA total 13 studies involving 7004 GC patients were included in this meta-analysis. The positive rate of PNI was 35.9% (2512/7004) in GC patients, ranging from 6.9% to 75.6%. There were significant relationships between PNI and a series of unfavourable clinicopathological factors including undifferentiated histology type (OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.33, p<0.001; I2=75.3%), diffuse type (OR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.60, p=0.029; I2=79.5%), lymphatic invasion (OR: 7.00, 95% CI 3.76 to 13.03, p<0.001; I2=83.6%), vascular invasion (OR: 5.79, 95% CI 1.59 to 21.13, p=0.008; I2=95.8%), deeper tumour invasion (OR: 4.79, 95% CI 3.65 to 6.28, p<0.001; I2=65.0%) and lymph node metastasis (OR: 3.60, 95% CI 2.37 to 5.47, p<0.001; I2=89.6%). In addition, PNI was significantly associated with worse survival outcome in GC patients (HR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.06, p<0.001; I2=71.0%).ConclusionPNI was frequently detected in surgically resected specimens of GC patients, and it was a predictive factor for survival outcomes in these patients.
Impacts of genomics on the health and social costs of intellectual disability
Authors: Doble Brett , Schofield Deborah , Evans Carey-Anne , Groza Tudor , Mattick John S , Field Mike , Roscioli Tony 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThis study provides an integrated assessment of the economic and social impacts of genomic sequencing for the detection of monogenic disorders resulting in intellectual disability (ID).MethodsMultiple knowledge bases were cross-referenced and analysed to compile a reference list of monogenic disorders associated with ID. Multiple literature searches were used to quantify the health and social costs for the care of people with ID. Health and social expenditures and the current cost of whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing were quantified in relation to the more common causes of ID and their impact on lifespan.ResultsOn average, individuals with ID incur annual costs in terms of health costs, disability support, lost income and other social costs of US$172 000, accumulating to many millions of dollars over a lifetime.ConclusionThe diagnosis of monogenic disorders through genomic testing provides the opportunity to improve the diagnosis and management, and to reduce the costs of ID through informed reproductive decisions, reductions in unproductive diagnostic tests and increasingly targeted therapies.
Higher burden of rare frameshift indels in genes related to synaptic transmission separate familial hemiplegic migraine from common types of migraine
Authors: Rasmussen Andreas Hoiberg , Olofsson Isa , Chalmer Mona Ameri , Olesen Jes , Hansen Thomas Folkmann 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundFamilial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare form of migraine with aura that often has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Rare mutations in theCACNA1A,ATP1A2andSCN1Agenes can all cause FHM revealing genetic heterogeneity in the disorder. Furthermore, only a small subset of the affected individuals has a causal mutation. We set out to investigate what differentiates patients with FHM with no mutation in any known FHM gene from patients with common types of migraine in both familial and sporadic cases.Methods2558 male and female participants from a migraine cohort from the Danish Headache Center were included. 112 had FHM; 743 had familial migraine; and 1703 had sporadic migraine. Using a linear regression model, we analysed for over-representation of rare functional variants in FHM versus familial migraine and sporadic migraine. Post hoc analyses included pathway analysis and testing for tissue specificity.ResultsWe found that patients with FHM have significantly more rare frameshift indels compared with patients with familial migraine and sporadic migraine. Pathway analysis revealed that the ‘ligand-gated ion channel activity’ and ‘G protein-coupled receptor downstream signalling’ pathways were significantly associated with mutated genes. We moreover found that the mutated genes showed tissue specificity towards nervous tissue and muscle tissue.ConclusionWe show that patients with FHM compared with patients with common types of migraine suffer from a higher load of rare frameshift indels in genes associated with synaptic signalling in the central nervous system and possibly in muscle tissue contributing to vascular dysfunction.
Management of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Russian hospitals adheres to international guidelines
Authors: Kontsevaya Anna V , Bates Katie , Schirmer Henrik , Bobrova Natalia , Leon David , McKee Martin 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveRussia has one of the highest cardiovascular mortality rates. Modernisation of the Russian health system has been accompanied by a substantial increase in uptake of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which substantially reduces the risk of mortality in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This paper aims to describe contemporary Hospital treatment of acute STEMI among patients in a range of hospitals in the Russian Federation.MethodsThis study used data from a prospective observational cohort of 1128 suspected patients with myocardial infarction recruited in both PCI and non-PCI hospitals across 13 regions and multiple levels of the health system in Russia. The primary objective was to examine the use of reperfusion strategies in patients with STEMI.ResultsAmong patients reaching PCI centres within 12 hours of symptom onset, the vast majority received angiography and PCI, regardless of age, sex and comorbidity, in line with current European Society of Cardiology guidelines.ConclusionPatients reaching Russian hospitals are very likely to receive appropriate treatment, although performance varies. The best hospitals can serve as beacons of good practice as PCI facilities continue to expand across Russia where geography allows.
Light-cone sum rules analysis of $$\Xi _{QQ^{\prime }}\rightarrow \Sigma _{Q^{\prime }}$$ weak decays
Authors: Hu Xiao-Hui , Shi Yu-Ji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a continuation of our previous work, we investigate the weak decays of doubly-heavy baryons $$\Xi _{QQ^{\prime }}$$ΞQQ′ into sextet $$\Sigma _{Q^{\prime }}$$ΣQ′ with light-cone sum rules. We calculate the form factors for these decays with the parallel light-cone distribution amplitudes of $$\Sigma _{Q^{\prime }}$$ΣQ′. Numerical results of these form factors are used to predict the decay widths and branching ratios of the corresponding semi-leptonic processes. Parametric uncertainties and theoretical analyses are also given in detail. We find that the decay widths of $$\Xi _{cc}$$Ξcc and $$\Xi _{bc}$$Ξbc decays are several orders of magnitude larger than those of $$\Xi _{bb}$$Ξbb decays.
Cigarette smoke extract induces ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Sampilvanjil Ariunaa , Karasawa Tadayoshi , Yamada Naoya , Komada Takanori , Higashi Tsunehito , Baatarjav Chintogtokh , Watanabe Sachiko , Kamata Ryo , Ohno Nobuhiko , Takahashi Masafumi 
Published: January 2020

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for aortic aneurysm and dissection; however, no causative link between smoking and these aortic disorders has been proven. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which cigarette smoke affects vascular wall cells and found that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced a novel form of regulated cell death termed ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). CSE markedly induced cell death in A7r5 cells and primary rat VSMCs, but not in endothelial cells, which was completely inhibited by specific ferroptosis inhibitors [ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and Liproxstatin-1] and an iron chelator (deferoxamine). CSE-induced VSMC death was partially inhibited by a GSH precursor ( N-acetyl cysteine) and an NADPH oxidase inhibitor [diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI)], but not by inhibitors of pan-caspases (Z-VAD), caspase-1 (Z-YVAD), or necroptosis (necrostatin-1). CSE also upregulated IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase)in A7r5 cells, which was inhibited by Fer-1. Furthermore, CSE induced the upregulation of Ptgs2 mRNA, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular GSH depletion, which are key features of ferroptosis. VSMC ferroptosis was induced by acrolein and methyl vinyl ketone, major constituents of CSE. Furthermore, CSE caused medial VSMC loss in ex vivo aortas. Electron microscopy analysis showed mitochondrial damage and fragmentation in medial VSMCs of CSE-treated aortas. All of these manifestations were partially restored by Fer-1. These findings demonstrate that ferroptosis is responsible for CSE-induced VSMC death and suggest that ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic target for preventing aortic aneurysm and dissection. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cell death in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was completely inhibited by specific ferroptosis inhibitors and an iron chelator. CSE also induced the upregulation of Ptgs2 mRNA, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular GSH depletion, which are key features of ferroptosis. CSE caused medial VSMC loss in ex vivo aortas. These findings demonstrate that ferroptosis is responsible for CSE-induced VSMC death.
TASK-1 and TASK-3 channels modulate pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction
Authors: Duan Wei , Hicks Jonné , Makara Michael A. , Ilkayeva Olga , Abraham Dennis M. 
Published: January 2020

Tandem pore domain acid-sensitive K+ (TASK) channels are present in cardiac tissue; however, their contribution to cardiac pathophysiology is not well understood. Here, we investigate the role of TASK-1 and TASK-3 in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction using both human tissue and mouse models of genetic TASK channel loss of function. Compared with normal human cardiac tissue, TASK-1 gene expression is reduced in association with either cardiac hypertrophy alone or combined cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In a pressure overload cardiomyopathy model, TASK-1 global knockout (TASK-1 KO) mice have both reduced cardiac hypertrophy and preserved cardiac function compared with wild-type mice. In contrast to the TASK-1 KO mouse pressure overload response, TASK-3 global knockout (TASK-3 KO) mice develop cardiac hypertrophy and a delayed onset of cardiac dysfunction compared with wild-type mice. The cardioprotective effects observed in TASK-1 KO mice are associated with pressure overload-induced augmentation of AKT phosphorylation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression, with consequent augmentation of cardiac energetics and fatty acid oxidation. The protective effects of TASK-1 loss of function are associated with an enhancement of physiologic hypertrophic signaling and preserved metabolic functions. These findings may provide a rationale for TASK-1 channel inhibition in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The role of tandem pore domain acid-sensitive K+ (TASK) channels in cardiac function is not well understood. This study demonstrates that TASK channel gene expression is associated with the onset of human cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. TASK-1 and TASK-3 strongly affect the development of pressure overload cardiomyopathies in genetic models of TASK-1 and TASK-3 loss of function. The effects of TASK-1 loss of function were associated with enhanced AKT phosphorylation and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) transcription factor. These data suggest that TASK channels influence the development of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in response to injury.
Conhecimento sobre HIV/aids segundo idosos de cidades da Serra Gaúcha/RS
Authors: Capellari Bruna , Vidor Amanda Oss , Pezzini Marina Ferri , Godoy Stefany , Maffei Virgínia , Poeta Julia 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Devido à carência de pesquisas nessa área, este estudo buscou avaliar o conhecimento sobre HIV/aids dos participantes dos grupos de convivência de cidades da Serra Gaúcha - RS.
Métodos: O estudo foi delineado do tipo transversal (prevalência) e a amostra foi coletada por conveniência. Foram convidados a participar todos os integrantes de grupos de convivência de idosos de cidades da Serra Gaúcha, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, que aceitaram participar da pesquisa, respondendo totalmente o questionário e assinando o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Foi aplicado o questionário validado QHIV3I com questões relativas ao HIV/AIDS. As questões estão organizadas nos domínios “conceito”, “transmissão”, “prevenção”, “vulnerabilidade”, “diagnóstico” e “tratamento”.
Resultados: Participaram do estudo 647 idosos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (73,4%) com idade entre 60 a 92 anos. Mais da metade dos participantes possuía renda familiar de até três salários mínimos (89,8%). Dos entrevistados, 78,7% afirmaram ter como grau de escolaridade de um a sete anos e 74% sabiam que o HIV é o causador da AIDS. Em relação à transmissão, salienta-se que 23,8% afirmaram que o vírus pode ser transmitido por sabonetes, tolhas e assentos sanitários e 39,3% mencionaram que o vírus pode ser transmitido pelo mosquito. Quanto à prevenção, 87,3% declararam não utilizar camisinha nas relações sexuais e 88,2% nunca realizaram o teste para detecção do HIV.
Conclusão: Constatou-se que ainda há dúvidas a respeito desse assunto, demonstrando a necessidade de campanhas direcionadas à população idosa, constituindo um desafio para a saúde pública.
Impaired Frontal Brain Activity in Patients With Heart Failure Assessed by Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Ichijo Yasuhiro , Kono Soichi , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Misaka Tomofumi , Kaneshiro Takashi , Oikawa Masayoshi , Miura Itaru , Yabe Hirooki , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: January 2020

Background

The prevalence of depression and/or anxiety disorders is reported to be higher in patients with heart failure (
HF
) than in the general population, and patients with HF also have coexisting cognitive problems. Recently, the development of near‐infrared spectroscopy (
NIRS
) has enabled noninvasive measurements of regional cerebral blood volume and brain activity, in terms of cerebral oxyhemoglobin in the cerebral cortex, with a high time resolution. The aim of the current study was to determine the associations between frontal brain activity and depressive symptoms, anxiety status, and cognitive function in patients with
HF
.

Methods and Results

We measured and compared frontal brain activity determined by
NIRS
during a verbal fluency task in patients with HF (n=35) and control subjects (n=28). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for assessment of depressive symptoms, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for assessment of anxiety status, Mini‐Mental State Examination for assessment of cognitive function, and
NIRS
were simultaneously conducted.
NIRS
showed that frontal brain activity was significantly lower in the
HF
group than in the control subjects (28.5 versus 88.0 mM·mm;
P
<0.001). Next, we examined the associations between frontal brain activity and the findings of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Mini‐Mental State Examination, and verbal fluency task. There were significant correlations between frontal brain activity and State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (
R
=−0.228,
P
=0.046), Mini‐Mental State Examination (
R
=0.414,
P
=0.017), and verbal fluency task (
R
=0.338,
P
=0.007), but not with Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (
R
=−0.160,
P
=0.233).

Conclusions

Frontal brain activity assessed by
NIRS
is reduced and is associated with high anxiety status and low cognitive function in patients with
HF
.
The Exegetical Character of 1QS 3:13–4:26
Authors: Schwartz Ethan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pentateuchal source criticism has shown that the primordial narrative in Genesis 1–3 is a redactional juxtaposition of Priestly (Gen 1:1–2:3) and non-Priestly (Gen 2:4b–3:24) accounts. A wide variety of Second Temple literature appears to have detected this disunity, telescoping the two accounts into unified retellings. This essay argues that 1QS 3:13–4:26 (the “Treatise on the Two Spirits”) can be more fully understood within this pattern of ancient exegetical engagement with Genesis 1–3. The Treatise addresses the place of evil in the cosmos by framing the non-Priestly account of humanity’s lapse in terms of the Priestly emphasis on divine order in Gen 1:1–2:3 and other Priestly texts. It claims that the opposition of good and evil, manifest in the children of light and darkness, is part of God’s perfect creation. This exegetical approach has implications for the mutual relevance of Qumran studies and the study of pentateuchal composition.
Outcomes of Participation in a Service Dog Training Program for Veterans with PTSD
Authors: Scotland-Coogan Diane , Whitworth James D. , Wharton Tracy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Canine-assisted interventions have emerged as an increasingly popular means to engage and assist veterans coping with military-associated trauma responses. The present study evaluates the use of a 14-week service dog training program for these trauma-impacted veterans. The service dog program guides veterans in small group cohorts on how to train their own dog to be their personal service animal. All 71 veterans participating in this investigation had been diagnosed with PTSD. Fifty-five veterans (77%) finished the entire 14-week program and took all pretests and posttests. Compared to pretest scores, participants reported significant decreases in self-disturbance, posttraumatic stress, externalization, and somatization after completing the program. Participants experienced significant reductions in a broad scope of psychological impacts associated with their PTSD including interpersonal difficulties and suicidality. Findings provide evidence that service dog training programs may be an effective therapeutic alternative to traditional approaches that PTSD-impacted veterans are willing to utilize.
Literary-Stylistic Metathesis in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Kalimi Isaac 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Biblical scholarship has concentrated almost exclusively on cases of unintentional metathesis, particularly as a tool of textual criticism. But metathesis is not only a result of accidents and mistakes; it can also be deliberately employed as a literary-stylistic device. Accordingly, this study addresses all three of these categories of metathesis in the biblical literature, but focuses particularly on Literary-stylistic metathesis that is an intentional form of metathesis, in which an author or editor has deliberately chosen to use two or more words that share the same characters in inverse order.