bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of quality index to classify meal healthiness through photos: first step for app of meal assessment using Machine Learning
Authors: Steluti Josiane , Junior Jun Okamoto , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Currently, there are approximately 84 million smartphones in use in Brazil. The use of this technology facilitates the daily life of the individuals in the personal, social and professional scope. Therefore, we hypothesize that it can be used to assess and improve dietary intake. Thus, we intend to develop an application to assess meal quality from a photo taken by a smartphone, using artificial intelligence. For this, the machine should be trained to recognize which meal is healthy or unhealthy, and, as a first step, a meal quality index is necessary.Objective:This study aims to develop a meal quality index, to be applied to photos of dishes from a main meal.Methods:For the development of the index, it was considered the main recommendations established in the scientific literature and the “Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population”. The index includes nine components: 1- meat intake and/or meat substitute, 2- cooking method, 3- vegetables intake, 4- whole food intake, 5- food variety, 6- ultra-processed food intake, 7- fruits intake, 8- carbohydrates intake, 9- fat recipes and/or food. First, questions were elaborated and scored as 0 point (unhealthy answer) or 1 point (healthy answer). After, the meal photo was classified as “needs improvement” (< 4 points), good (> 5 e < 7 points) and very good (> 8 points). Each photo was assessed by two experts. Then, statistical analyses were performed considering Kappa (k) statistic to evaluate the agreement between the assessments by experts.Results:Data from 154 meal photos were assessed. We analyzed the % of agreement, k-value and significant agreement (p-value) for all index components and final classification, respectively: 1- meat intake and/or meat substitute, 64.94% and k = 0.2759 (p < 0.001); 2- cooking method, 81.82% and k = 0.5915 (p = 0.000); 3- vegetables intake, 77.27% and k = 0.5353 (p = 0.000); 4- whole food intake, 98.05% and k = -0.0087 (p = 0.545); 5- food variety, 79.22% and k = 0.5899 (p = 0.000); 6- ultra processed food intake, 76.62% and k = 0.4515 (p = 0.000); 7- fruits intake, 94.81% and k = 0.8494 (p = 0.000); 8- carbohydrates intake, 65.58% and k = 0.2960 (p = 0.000); 9- fat recipes and/or food, 73.38% and k = 0.4654 (p = 0.000); and final classification, 58.44% and k = 0.3218 (p = 0.000).Conclusion:We verified a moderate and significant agreement for almost all index components using meal photo.
The role of coffee derivatives in the regulation of pancreatic beta cell function in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sarnsamak Kittiwadee , Costabile Adele , Hauge-Evans Astrid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoffee contains several components other than caffeine such as chlorogenic acids (CGAs), which are a family of polyphenols. Non-caffeinated coffee has been shown to reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes, but it is unclear whether this effect is primarily due to a beneficial action on glucose regulation in peripheral tissues or whether it is partly mediated via a direct, functional modulation of insulin-secreting beta cells from the pancreas. This study aims to explore the specific role of coffee compounds derived from the polyphenolic family of CGAs (caffeic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA)) and their metabolites (dihydroferulic acid (diFA) and ferulic acid 4-O-sulphate (FA-4-OS)) in the regulation of beta cell survival and secretory function. To investigate this role, the cells were initially exposed to conditions of glucotoxicity (30mmol/l glucose), lipotoxicity (0.5mmol/l palmitate), glucolipotoxicity (30mmol/l glucose + 0.5mmol/l palmitate) and cytokine-induced cell toxicity (25U/ml IL1b + 500U/ml TNFα) for 20 and 48 h. INS1 beta cells were subsequently treated with or without 100nmol/l of the CGA compounds for 48 h followed by 20 h exposure to glucolipotoxicity to measure cellular ATP content and 3/7 caspase activity, respectively, as an indication of cell viability and apoptosis. Additionally, insulin release was assessed by radioimmunoassay following 1 h static incubations with or without CA, FA and metabolites. Data were analysed by One-Way ANOVA using GraphPad prism software (version 8). Glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity or glucolipotoxicity combined with cytokines significantly reduced INS1 cell viability compared to control at 20 and 48 h (p < 0.001 vs 11mmol/l glucose, p < 0.05; Glucotoxicity vs 11mmol/l glucose at 20 h, n = 6), whereas cytokines alone did not significantly affect cellular ATP content. Moreover, pre-treatment for 48 h with CGAs alone or in combination did not affect INS1 beta-cell viability under basal conditions (n = 3, p > 0.2). Additional exposure to glucolipotoxicity for 20 h significantly decreased beta cell viability and survival and was not alleviated by pre- or co-treatment with CGAs (n = 3, p > 0.05). However, insulin release in response to 1 h incubation with 20 mmol/l glucose + 10μmol/l forskolin (FSK) + 100μmol/l 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) was significantly higher from cells pre-treated with CA and FA combined compared to controls (7.64 + 2.89pg insulin/5,000 cells/h vs 2.17 + 0.35pg insulin/5,000 cells/h; p < 0.01 vs. 20mmol/l glucose + 10μmol/l FSK + 100μmol/l IBMX only, n = 5). The results suggest that CGA derivatives from coffee do not directly modulate INS1 beta cell viability and apoptosis whereas the compounds may play a role in the regulation of beta cell secretory function.
Commonly used method for chylomicron isolation catches less than 0.1% of chylomicrons from whole plasma
Authors: Hani Saja Bani , Flint Pamela , Evans Gethin , Graf Brigitte 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHealth effects of orally ingested bioactive compounds can only occur if bioactive molecules are absorbed and transported to target tissues. Paradoxically, many foods are rich in micronutrients but intestinal absorption is often limited. Immediately after absorption, lipid soluble nutrients are packaged into chylomicrons (CM), therefore quantification of the micronutrient content in CM has been used as tool to evaluate bioavailability(1). For bioavailability studies the isolated CM fraction must not contain liver derived lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL) since only intestine derived CM carry recently absorbed lipids and lipophilic micronutrients. As isolated CM can be contaminated with liver derived lipoproteins, this study evaluated the purity of collected CM and VLDL fractions. Each CM contains one apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) and each VLDL contains one apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) on its surface(2) therefore purity of CM and VLDL fractions was evaluated via the presence/absence of apoB-100 and apoB-48.CM and VLDL fractions were isolated as previously described(1,3)from whole plasma collected at 0, 2, 4 or 6 h after participants consumed a lipid (15.4g) and carotenoid (36mg) rich smoothie (480mL). Plasma density was adjusted to 1.1g/mL with KBr (0.14g/mL), placed in ultracentrifugation tubes (38 mL, thickwall) and overlaid with 3 solutions containing NaCl, KBr and Na-EDTA with densities of 1.020, 1.065 and 1.006g/mL.CM fraction was collected after ultracentrifugation at 25,000 rpm for 34 min in a Beckman Coulter Optima XE-90 with SW32Ti swinging bucket rotor. VLDL fraction was collected after additional 102 min at 25,000 rpm.ELISA analysis revealed that apoB-48 and apoB-100 were present in both CM and VLDL fractions. Less than 0.1% of plasma apoB-48 (< 98pmol/L) was present in CM or VLDL fraction. Less than 0.3% (< 2,425pmol/L) and 4% (< 54,124pmol/L) of plasma apoB-100 was present in CM and VLDL fractions, respectively. Low recoveries of apoB-48 and apoB-100 in CM and VLDL fraction suggests that ultracentrifugation neither concentrated nor isolated CM or VLDL. While ourapoB-48 and apoB-100 results agree with previously reported values in plasma, CM and VLDL(3,4), no previous study evaluated apoB-48 and apoB-100 recovery from plasma.
UK internet antenatal dietary advice: a content accuracy and readability analysis
Authors: Sidnell Anne , Nestel Penelope 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNutrition in pregnancy is important for the health of the mother and infant. Suboptimal maternal nutrition can result in poor pregnancy outcomes for the infant such as low birth weight, hypovitaminosis D, and neural tube defects. Theinternet is a popular source of dietary advice in pregnancy, but there are no regulations to control the quality of information provided,and poor accuracy and readability can hinder its usefulness.The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy and readability of online pregnancy-related diet and nutrition information regardless of geographical origin when searching from the UK. The accuracy was assessed against UK government advice and the readability using theFlesch Readability Ease (FRE) tool. Three commonly searched themes were examined;foods to avoid, foods to eat, and supplements.130 web pages were rated for accuracy and readability. Descriptive and non-parametric tests were used and Spearman's Correlation used to explore the relationship between accuracy and readability.Eighty-three (64%) web pages contained accurate and inaccurate advice, 23 (18%) were accurate, 21 (16%) were inaccurate, and three (2%) lacked relevant advice. The median percentage accuracy of all advice was 83 (LQ, UQ) (48,100). Eighty-seven pages (67%) scored below the recommended FRE for public web pages. The median FRE was 55 (46, 61) defined as ‘fairly difficult’. There was a weak positive correlation between accuracy and readability of web pages, rho = 0.241, p = 0.006. There was no significant difference in accuracy of web page by theme. Readability of web pages on supplements was more difficult than foods to avoid and foods to eat. Web pages from the UK (58%) were more accurate, difference of median 33 (16, 40) p < 0.001 and more readable, difference of median 9.1 (5.0, 13.1) p < 0.001 than those from outside the UK. Web pages from commercial sources (76%) were significantly less accurate than those from non-for-profit organisations, difference of median -8 (-29, 0.00) p = 0.019. 27% of web pages originated from the US. Dietary advice for pregnancy from the US differs from that in the UK.Despite the popularity of internet searching, much pregnancy-related dietary advice online is inaccurate and difficult to comprehend. Contradictory advice may interrupt the process of making improvements to diet in pregnancy, and result in negative health outcomes for mother and infant. Healthcare professionals can support women by guiding them to accurate advice, which should only be provided by those qualified in nutrition or dietetics.
Comparative Analysis of Luteolin and Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside on anti-Atherogenesis in ApoE Knockout Mice with Hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Son Yeon-A. , Park Chung-Mu , Song Youngsun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLuteolin is a naturally occurring flavone that reportedly has anti-inflammatory effect. Flavones in plants are usually present in the form of glucosides, although occasionally they are found as aglycones. The bioavailability of flavones may differ when consumed as either aglycones or glucosides. Nonetheless, numerous studies focused on the biological activity of flavonoid aglycones or that in vitro. These findings are supporting reason to compare the anti-atherogenic effect of aglycone and glucoside forms of flavones in vivo. Male ApoE knockout mice (n = 28, 6-week-old) were divided randomly into 4 groups of 7 mice: negative control group, homocysteine control group, luteolin and luteolin7-O-glucoside groups with homocysteine. All animals were fed by a high-fat diet, modified by AIN-93, containing 0.5% of cholesterol and 45% of fat. Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glycoside were given daily by gavage for 5 weeks (50 mg/kg BW, respectively). To induce hyperhomocysteinemia, homocysteine was provided as a drinking water (0.9g/L). Administration of homocysteine did not affect body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio among groups. Homocysteine feeding sharply increased serum concentrations of homocysteine and triglyceride as well as adhesion molecules including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, which were attenuated by the administration of luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (p < 0.05). Homocysteine administration produced development of atherosclerotic process by the induction of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 as well as aortic intercellular adhesion molecule expressions along with diminished expressions of antioxidative enzymes, such as hepatic glutathione reductase (GR), aortic GR and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05). Administration of both flavones down-regulated expressions of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules as well as up-regulated expressions of antioxidative enzymes (p < 0.05). These data were in accordance with the histopathological observations which were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and immunohistochemistry. In a comparison of both agents, luteolin more potently attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress than luteolin-7-O-glucoside. These results exhibit that luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glycoside ameliorated atherogenic processes through the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE knockout mice with hyperhomocysteinemia. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government of MOE (No 201704340001).
Vitamin D Status in Postmenopausal Females in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharazy Shatha , Alissa Eman , Chaudhary Adeel , Lanham-New Susan , Denise Robertson M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVitamin D (vitD) deficiency is highly prevalent in the Middle East (including Saudi Arabia) despite the abundance of sunlight. Older individuals in particular are at high risk of being vitD deficient. VitD binding protein (DBP), which acts as a carrier of vitD and its metabolites, has been reported to influence vitD status. In our study we aimed to investigate vitD status among postmenopausal women and its relation to DBP. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Seventy six postmenopausal females (age ≥ 50 years) who were not taking vitD supplementation and who were resident in Jeddah city, were randomly recruited from internal medicine clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lifestyle history, dietary vitD intake and fasting blood samples were obtained from all study participants. Serum total 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), DBP, albumin, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and metabolic bone parameters were analysed. VitD deficiency was defined as serum total 25(OH)D level below 30 nmol/L. The mean (± SD) serum level of total 25(OH)D was 46.9 ± 28.9 nmol/L with 36 % of the study population being vitD deficient. Although non-significant, the vitD deficient group had lower DBP and higher dietary vitD intake levels when compared with those with serum vitD > 30nmol/L. In addition, DBP was inversely correlated with vitD dietary intake (r = -0.233, P = 0.046). In conclusion, vitD deficiency is highly prevalent among postmenopausal women living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Intake of a vitD rich food seems to be associated with low DBP levels. Genetic polymorphisms in DBP will be studied in the future to find out a possible explanation for the differences in vitD status and DBP between individuals as well as the concomitant relationship between dietary vitD intake, DBP and serum 25(OH)D levels.
Socio-cultural practices, eating patterns and presence of double burden of malnutrition in mothers and their children in Grand-popo, Benin
Authors: Mbhenyane Xikombiso , Colette Azandjèmè , Tambe Betrand Ayuk , Xikombiso Mbhenyane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe world faces today a double burden of malnutrition which includes both undernutrition and overweight, especially in developing countries. Managing these two aspects of malnutrition in developing countries is a heavy burden for their failing health systems. Data from FAO show that 161 million children under five years are stunted and at the same time 3.4 million people die each year due to overweight and obesity (FAO, 2013). The aim of this study is to investigate the sociocultural influence, feeding practices and the presence of double burden of malnutrition in children and their mothers in Grand-popo's community in Benin. A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical approach was used. A sample of 408 children between 0- 59 months and their mothers were selected. A questionnaire was developed to get information on demographic and socio-economic status of the household, breastfeeding and infant feeding practices. Food frequency questionnaire was administrated to assess dietary patterns and four focus groups with mothers were held to determine care practices and food taboos. Weight and height measurements for children and weight, height and waist circumference for their mothers were taken. Height for Age and Weight for Height z scores were determined for children and body mass index (BMI) measurements were calculated for women. For statistics analysis, IBM SPSS 25 was used. The mean age of children was 24.45 ± 14.9 months with 53.2% of girls in the sample. The mean age of mothers was 27.99 ± 6.99 years. Majority of mothers (93.1%) are married or living with the spouse. About 91.7% of household had a monthly income of $60 and spent on average $24 ± $11.2 on food. Prevalence of wasting was 9.8% and stunting 29.7%. Waist circumference mean of mothers was 79.95 ± 10.35 cm and 19.3% were classified to be at high metabolic risk. BMI assessments revealed 16.9% of mothers were overweight and 7.4% obese. All children were breastfed. Children were introduced to family foods at 5 months on average with very low consumption of animal protein and fruits, and a high consumption of vegetables and maize based meals. Food taboos particularly during pregnancy were revealed and those cultural beliefs were still followed by some mothers. The findings showed the need for more effort on cultural sensitive interventions to reduce double burden of malnutrition.
Fluid intake patterns of adults: results of six Liq.In7 national cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Guelinckx Isabelle , Morin Clémentine , Moreno Luis A. , Kavouras Stavros A. , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Martinez Homero , Gandy Joan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDietary patterns provide valuable information for the development of public health policies. Despite increasing interest in the role of fluids in health and disease there are limited data on drinking patterns in adults. The aim of this analysis was to identify and characterize patterns of fluid intake in adults in cross-sectional surveys in China, Indonesia, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay.Data on fluid intake volume and type amongst 8159 adults (46% male) were collected using a validated 7-day fluid specific record (Liq.In7). A cluster analysis (partitioning around k-medoids algorithm) was used to identify relatively distinct clusters of subjects based on eight fluid types (water, milk and its derivatives, hot beverages (HB), sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), 100% fruit juices, artificial/non-nutritive sweetened beverages, alcoholic beverages, other beverages). Subjects were categorized according to total daily fluid intake as low (< 1500 mL/d), medium (> 1500- < 3000mL/d), high (> 3000mL- < 4000mL/d) or very high (> 4000mL/d). The clusters were characterized according to country of residence, socio-demographics and lifestyle factors.The eight interpretable clusters identified were: (1) low drinkers – SSB (n = 2450), (2) low drinkers – HB (n = 1589), (3) medium drinkers - water (n = 1306), (4) medium drinkers – HB and SSB (n = 892), (5) medium drinkers - SSB (n = 262), (6) high drinkers – water (n = 817), (7) high drinkers – water & SSB (n = 313) and (8) very high drinkers – water (n = 530). Country of residence was the dominant characteristic in all clusters. In cluster #1 34% of subjects were resident in Mexico (v test 21), 43% of cluster #2 lived in China (v test 21.4). 47% of cluster #4 lived in Argentina (v test 24.2) with 30% living in Uruguay (v test 19.7), (v test 8). Cluster #3 was characterized by residence in Indonesia (v test 23.6) as were clusters #6 (v test 28.5), cluster #7 (v test 8.2) and cluster #8 (v test 24.5). To a lesser extent cluster #7 (high drinkers – water & SSB) was characterised by residence in Mexico (v test 3.6). In cluster #5, 51% and 30% lived in Mexico and Argentina, respectively; with 60% of this cluster being male.Fluid intake patterns (clusters) varied according to the different countries. This information highlights the need to tailor interventions aimed at improving fluid intake behaviour and health to the specific adult populations.
Exploring food insecurity and obesity in Dutch families: a mediation analysis
Authors: van der Velde Laura , Nyns Claire , Engel Marije , Neter Judith , van der Meer Irene , Numans Mattijs , Jong Jessica Kiefte-de 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFood insecurity is related to risk of adverse health outcomes such as obesity, but the factors underlying this association are still unclear. We aimed to assess the association between food insecurity status and obesity, and to explore potential mediation by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.This cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 participants in a deprived urban area in The Hague, the Netherlands. Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, food insecurity status and diet quality were collected using questionnaires. Diet quality was determined based on current national dietary guidelines. Regression analyses were performed to explore the association between food insecurity and BMI status. To assess the role of potential mediators, mediation analyses were performed to estimate the total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect and proportion of the total effect mediated of the food insecurity status-obesity association through potential mediators, crude and controlling for confounders.The overall prevalence of food insecurity was 26 percent. Food insecurity was associated with obesity (OR = 2.49, 95%CI 1.16, 5.33), but not with overweight (OR 1.15, 95%CI 0.54, 2.45). The association between food insecurity status and obesity was partially mediated by living situation (proportion mediated: 15.3%), and general health status (19.1%) (consistent mediation). Diet quality was an inconsistent partial mediator (-17.7%). After controlling for confounders, smoking status became an inconsistent partial mediator (-15.8%), and living situation and diet quality remained partial mediators.Food insecurity is associated with obesity and this association is partially mediated by living situation, and inconsistently partially mediated by diet quality and smoking status when controlling for confounders. Future studies are warranted to test other potential mediators that might underlie the association between food insecurity and obesity. Our findings emphasize the importance of preventing food insecurity to achieve public health goals. In addition, food insecurity and its potential consequences (i.e. an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, poor health, and unfavorable living situations) need to be taken into account in obesity prevention programs and policies.