bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of physical training on anthropometrics, physical and physiological capacities in individuals with obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Zouhal Hassane , Ben Abderrahman Abderraouf , Khodamoradi Arash , Saeidi Ayoub , Jayavel Ayyappan , Hackney Anthony C. , Laher Ismail , Algotar Amit M. , Jabbour Georges 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIncreasing the amount of physical activity is an important strategy for weight loss. This systematic review summarizes recent findings on the effects of physical training on anthropometric characteristics, physical performances and physiological capacities in individuals with overweight and obesity. A systematic literature search strategy was conducted from inception until June 2019 using four electronic databases that identified 2,708 records. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 116 studies were included in our final analysis. Both aerobic (e.g., endurance training) and anaerobic training (e.g., high‐intensity training, resistance training) improved body composition and physical fitness indicators in adults, adolescents and children with obesity (effect size: 0.08 < d < 2.67, trivial to very large). This systematic review suggests that both low‐ and high‐intensity training significantly reduced body weight and fat mass while increasing fat‐free mass in individuals with obesity (effect size: 0.04 <d <3.2, trivial to very large). A significant increase in VO2max also occurs in individuals with obesity in response to aerobic training or high‐intensity interval training (effect size: 0.13 < d < 6.24, trivial to very large). Further studies are needed to define the optimal combination of training intensity and duration needed to produce the most efficacious results in individuals with obesity.
Orofacial pain secondary to acoustic neuroma—A case report
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Araújo , de Freitas Pontes Karina Matthes , Regis Romulo Rocha , Nunes Tereza Nicolle Burgos , Pinto Sérgio Araújo Holanda , Pinto Fiamengui Lívia Maria Sales 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to report a case of orofacial pain secondary to acoustic neuroma (AN).Methods and ResultsA 66‐year‐old female presented with unilateral facial pain and odontalgia. The pain was described as throbbing, dull, and constant. Tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, and others symptoms were also present. Due to the characteristics of the pain and clinical or radiographic findings, other possible diagnoses, such as temporomadibular disorder, tooth‐related pain, sinusitis, and primary headaches, were excluded. Somatosensory tests for allodynia and hyperalgesia showed extraoral and intraoral hypersensitivity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion located on the right cerebellopontine angle extending into and obliterating the internal auditory canal and compressing the middle cerebral peduncle, the pons, and the cisternal segment of cranial nerve V. The patient was diagnosed with a brainstem tumor compatible with AN and trigeminal neuralgia secondary to cranial nerve V compression.ConclusionAlthough uncommon, intracranial tumors should be considered during orofacial pain evaluation to avoid iatrogenic treatment and delayed diagnosis.
Friends like this: The impact of the US–China trade war on global value chains
Authors: Mao Haiou , Görg Holger 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper considers the indirect impact the recent tariff increases between the United States and China can have on third countries through links in global supply chains. We combine data from input–output relationships, imports and tariffs, to calculate the impact of the tariff increases by both the United States and China on cumulative tariffs paid by third countries. We show that the tariff hikes increase cumulative tariffs for other countries and thus hurt trade partners further downstream in global supply chains. We also show that this is particularly important for tariff increases on Chinese imports in the United States. These are likely to be used as intermediates in production in the United States, which are then re‐exported to third countries. The most heavily hit third countries are the closest trade partners, namely the EU, Canada and Mexico. We estimate that the tariffs impose an additional burden of around 500 million to 1 billion US dollars on these countries. China's tariffs on US imports have less of an effect.
Aid, growth and institutions in Sub‐Saharan Africa: New insights using a multiple growth regime approach
Authors: Ouedraogo Rasmane , Sourouema Windemanegda Sandrine , Sawadogo Hamidou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNumerous sub‐Saharan African countries depend heavily on foreign aid. This paper explores the impact of foreign aid on economic growth in the continent using a finite mixture model. Contrary to previous studies, we hypothesise that the effect of aid on growth differs across groups of countries with similar but unobserved characteristics. The paper incorporates the potential presence of hidden heterogeneity and tries to explain group membership of countries by using various metrics of institutional variables. Focusing on a sample of 25 countries, we find that the impact of foreign aid on growth differs across three different groups of countries. Moreover, we find that aid works best in countries with effective government, good regulatory quality and low corruption. The results are robust to a battery of robustness checks. The paper underlines the importance of incorporating the heterogeneity in growth process in studies on aid effectiveness and provides evidence that sub‐Saharan African countries should undertake deep governance reforms to benefit from foreign aid.
Utility of systemic voriconazole in equine keratomycosis based on pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic analysis of tear fluid following oral administration
Authors: Tamura Norihisa , Okano Atsushi , Kuroda Taisuke , Niwa Hidekazu , Kusano Kanichi , Matsuda Yoshikazu , Fukuda Kentaro , Mita Hiroshi , Nagata Shunichi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the detailed pharmacokinetics (PK) of orally administered voriconazole in tear fluid (TF) of horses for evaluating the efficacy of voriconazole secreted into TF against equine keratomycosis.Animals studiedFive healthy Thoroughbred horses.ProceduresVoriconazole was administrated through a nasogastric tube to each horse at a single dose of 4.0 mg/kg. TF and blood samples were collected before and periodically throughout the 24 hours after administration. Voriconazole concentrations in plasma and TF samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐electrospray tandem‐mass spectrometry. The predicted voriconazole concentration in both samples following multiple dosing every 24 hours was simulated by the superposition principle.ResultsThe mean maximum voriconazole concentrations in plasma and TF were 3.3 μg/mL at 1.5 h and 1.9 μg/mL at 1.6 h, respectively. Mean half‐life in both samples were 16.4 and 25.2 h, respectively. The ratio of predicted AUC0–24at steady state in TF (51.3 μg∙h/mL) to previously published minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ofAspergillusandFusariumspecies was >100 and 25.7, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the detailed single‐dose PK of voriconazole in TF after oral administration and simulated the predicted concentration curves in a multiple oral dosing. Based on the analyses of PK‐PD, the simulation results indicated that repeated oral administration of voriconazole at 4.0 mg/kg/d achieves the ratio of AUC to MIC associated with treatment efficacy againstAspergillusspecies. The detailed PK‐PD analyses against pathogenic fungi in TF can be used to provide evidence‐based medicine for equine keratomycosis.
English in Turkey
Authors: Arik Beril T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt has been repeatedly noted in the literature that most world Englishes research focuses on Outer Circle countries, while studies on Expanding Circle countries, especially those in South America, Europe, and the Middle East, have been few and far between. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to provide a sociolinguistic profile of English in Turkey, thereby contributing to the growing literature on Expanding Circle countries. In this sociolinguistic profile, following a brief description of the country, I present the users and uses of English in the Turkish context, as well as discuss the attitudes of Turkish language learners towards English.
Reduced crop sowing density improves performance of rare arable weed species more effectively than reduced fertilisation
Authors: Rotchés‐Ribalta Roser , Blanco‐Moreno José M. , Sans Francesc Xavier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCharacteristic arable weed species of dryland cereal fields have undergone significant declines, due to agricultural intensification, to the point that some of them are considered rare. Crop edges host higher abundances of arable weed species, therefore they may act as a refuge for the conservation of these rare arable species. Using mesocosms, we experimentally tested how conditions at field edges (i.e. lower sowing densities and less intensive fertiliser applications) operate on the growth (biomass and height) and reproduction (reproductive biomass and flower onset) of six rare arable species. We found the rare arable species achieved lower biomass when growing with wheat compared with growing alone, and biomass of most of species was lower under high wheat sowing density than under low sowing density. In contrast, fertiliser application affected only two of the six arable species tested, especially when they were growing alone. Although the time to flowering was not affected by the conditions tested, reproductive biomass showed the same trends as overall biomass. These results indicate that conservation of rare arable species must primarily consider reductions in crop competition to increase their biomass and reproductive ability.
Costs of postoperative morbidity following paediatric cardiac surgery: observational study
Authors: Hudson Emma , Brown Katherine , Pagel Christina , Wray Jo , Barron David , Rodrigues Warren , Stoica Serban , Tibby Shane M , Tsang Victor , Ridout Deborah , Morris Stephen 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveEarly mortality rates for paediatric cardiac surgery have fallen due to advancements in care. Alternative indicators of care quality are needed. Postoperative morbidities are of particular interest. However, while health impacts have been reported, associated costs are unknown. Our objective was to calculate the costs of postoperative morbidities following paediatric cardiac surgery.DesignTwo methods of data collection were integrated into the main study: (1) case-matched cohort study of children with and without predetermined morbidities; (2) incidence rates of morbidity, measured prospectively.SettingFive specialist paediatric cardiac surgery centres, accounting for half of UK patients.PatientsCohort study included 666 children (340 with morbidities). Incidence rates were measured in 3090 consecutive procedures.MethodsRisk-adjusted regression modelling to determine marginal effects of morbidities on per-patient costs. Calculation of costs for hospital providers according to incidence rates. Extrapolation using mandatory audit data to report annual financial burden for the health service.Outcome measuresImpact of postoperative morbidities on per-patient costs, hospital costs and UK health service costs.ResultsSeven of the 10 morbidity categories resulted in significant costs, with mean (95% CI) additional costs ranging from £7483 (£3–£17 289) to £66 784 (£40 609–£103 539) per patient. On average all morbidities combined increased hospital costs by 22.3%. Total burden to the UK health service exceeded £21 million each year.ConclusionPostoperative morbidities are associated with a significant financial burden. Our findings could aid clinical teams and hospital providers to account for costs and contextualise quality improvement initiatives.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in absence of renal cyst formation illustrates genetic interaction betweenWT1andPKD1
Authors: Münch Johannes , Kirschner Karin M , Schlee Hendrik , Kraus Cornelia , Schönauer Ria , Jin Wenjun , Le Duc Diana , Scholz Holger , Halbritter Jan 
Published: May 2020

PurposeAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), caused by pathogenic variants of eitherPKD1orPKD2, is characterised by wide interfamilial and intrafamilial phenotypic variability. This study aimed to determine the molecular basis of marked clinical variability in ADPKD family members and sought to analyse whether alterations ofWT1(Wilms tumour 1), encoding a regulator of gene expression, may have an impact on renal cyst formation.MethodsADPKD family members underwent clinical and molecular evaluation. Functionally,Pkd1mRNA and protein expression uponWt1knockdown was evaluated in mouse embryonic kidneys and mesonephric M15 cells.ResultsBy renal gene panel analysis, we identified two pathogenic variants in an individual with maternal history of ADPKD, however, without cystic kidneys but polycystic liver disease: a knownPKD1missense variant (c.8311G>A, p.Glu2771Lys) and a known de novoWT1splice site variant (c.1432+4C>T). The latter was previously associated with imbalanced +/−KTS isoform ratio ofWT1. In ex vivo organ cultures from mouse embryonic kidneys,Wt1knockdown resulted in decreasedPkd1expression on mRNA and protein level.ConclusionWhile the role of WT1 in glomerulopathies has been well established, this report by illustrating genetic interaction withPKD1proposesWT1as potential modifier in ADPKD.
Diagnostic yield and clinical impact of exome sequencing in early-onset scoliosis (EOS)
Authors: Zhao Sen , Zhang Yuanqiang , Chen Weisheng , Li Weiyu , Wang Shengru , Wang Lianlei , Zhao Yanxue , Lin Mao , Ye Yongyu , Lin Jiachen , Zheng Yu , Liu Jiaqi , Zhao Hengqiang , Yan Zihui , Yang Yongxin , Huang Yingzhao , Lin Guanfeng , Chen Zefu , Zhang Zhen , Liu Sen , Jin Lichao , Wang Zhaoyang , Chen Jingdan , Niu Yuchen , Li Xiaoxin , Wu Yong , Wang Yipeng , Du Renqian , Gao Na , Zhao Hong , Yang Ying , Liu Ying , Tian Ye , Li Wenli , Zhao Yu , Liu Jia , Yu Bin , Zhang Na , Yu Keyi , Yang Xu , Li Shugang , Xu Yuan , Hu Jianhua , Liu Zhe , Shen Jianxiong , Zhang Shuyang , Su Jianzhong , Khanshour Anas M , Kidane Yared H , Ramo Brandon , Rios Jonathan J , Liu Pengfei , Sutton V. Reid , Posey Jennifer E , Wu Zhihong , Qiu Guixing , Wise Carol A , Zhang Feng , Lupski James R , Zhang Jianguo , Wu Nan 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundEarly-onset scoliosis (EOS), defined by an onset age of scoliosis less than 10 years, conveys significant health risk to affected children. Identification of the molecular aetiology underlying patients with EOS could provide valuable information for both clinical management and prenatal screening.MethodsIn this study, we consecutively recruited a cohort of 447 Chinese patients with operative EOS. We performed exome sequencing (ES) screening on these individuals and their available family members (totaling 670 subjects). Another cohort of 13 patients with idiopathic early-onset scoliosis (IEOS) from the USA who underwent ES was also recruited.ResultsAfter ES data processing and variant interpretation, we detected molecular diagnostic variants in 92 out of 447 (20.6%) Chinese patients with EOS, including 8 patients with molecular confirmation of their clinical diagnosis and 84 patients with molecular diagnoses of previously unrecognised diseases underlying scoliosis. One out of 13 patients with IEOS from the US cohort was molecularly diagnosed. The age at presentation, the number of organ systems involved and the Cobb angle were the three top features predictive of a molecular diagnosis.ConclusionES enabled the molecular diagnosis/classification of patients with EOS. Specific clinical features/feature pairs are able to indicate the likelihood of gaining a molecular diagnosis through ES.
Distinct dopaminergic abnormalities in traumatic brain injury and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jenkins Peter Owen , Roussakis Andreas-Antonios , De Simoni Sara , Bourke Niall , Fleminger Jessica , Cole James , Piccini Paola , Sharp David 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury (TBI) and rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder (RBD) are risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dopaminergic abnormalities are often seen after TBI, but patients usually lack parkinsonian features. We test whether TBI, PD and RBD have distinct striatal dopamine abnormalities using dopamine transporter (DaT) imaging.Methods123I-ioflupane single-photon emission CT scans were used in a cross-sectional study to measure DaT levels in moderate/severe TBI, healthy controls, patients with early PD and RBD. Caudate and putamen DaT, putamen to caudate ratios and left-right symmetry of DaT were compared.Results108 participants (43 TBI, 26 PD, 8 RBD, 31 controls) were assessed. Patients with early PD scored significantly higher on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor subscale than other groups. Patients with TBI and PD had reduced DaT levels in the caudate (12.2% and 18.7%, respectively) and putamen (9.0% and 42.6%, respectively) compared with controls. Patients with RBD had reduced DaT levels in the putamen (12.8%) but not in the caudate compared with controls. Patients with PD and TBI showed distinct patterns of DaT reduction, with patients with PD showing a lower putamen to caudate ratio. DaT asymmetry was greater in the PD group than other groups.ConclusionsThe results show that patients with early PD and TBI have distinct patterns of striatal dopamine abnormalities. Patients with early PD and moderate/severe TBI showed similar reductions in caudate DaT binding, but patients with PD showed a greater reduction in putamen DaT and a lower putamen to caudate ratio. The results suggest that parkinsonian motor signs are absent in these patients with TBI because of relatively intact putaminal dopamine levels.
New insights in post-traumatic headache with cluster headache phenotype: a cohort study
Authors: Grangeon Lou , O'Connor Emer , Chan Chun-Kong , Akijian Layan , Pham Ngoc Thanh Mai , Matharu Manjit Singh 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo define the characteristics of post-traumatic headache with cluster headache phenotype (PTH-CH) and to compare these characteristics with primary CH.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of patients seen between 2007 and 2017 in a headache centre and diagnosed with PTH-CH that developed within 7 days of head trauma. A control cohort included 553 patients with primary CH without any history of trauma who attended the headache clinic during the same period. Data including demographics, attack characteristics and response to treatments were recorded.ResultsTwenty-six patients with PTH-CH were identified. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between PTH-CH and family history of CH (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.31 to 8.63), chronic form (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.70 to 6.49), parietal (OR 14.82, 95% CI 6.32 to 37.39) or temporal (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.84) location of pain, and presence of prominent cranial autonomic features during attacks (miosis OR 11.24, 95% CI 3.21 to 41.34; eyelid oedema OR 5.79, 95% CI 2.57 to 13.82; rhinorrhoea OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.26 to 5.86; facial sweating OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.93). Patients with PTH-CH were at a higher risk of being intractable to acute (OR 12.34, 95% CI 2.51 to 64.73) and preventive (OR 16.98, 95% CI 6.88 to 45.52) treatments and of suffering from associated chronic migraine (OR 10.35, 95% CI 3.96 to 28.82).ConclusionThis largest series of PTH-CH defines it as a unique entity with specific evolutive profile. Patients with PTH-CH are more likely to suffer from the chronic variant, have marked autonomic features, be intractable to treatment and have associated chronic migraine compared with primary CH.
P.1.15 Mercury hazards and how the community responses in developing country
Authors: Joshi Shambhu 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionHeavy metal like mercury was used directly or indirectly since long ago before it was stopped around the world. Since, the value of the metal and its availability in different use in medical appliances is still one of the burdens in developing country like Nepal. The main uses of mercury are in dental amalgam, sphygmomanometers, and thermometers. The mercury once released into the environment can remain for a longer period. Both acute and chronic poisoning can be caused by it. Half of the mercury found in the atmosphere is human generated and health care contributes the substantial part to it. WHO and UNEP issued new guideline for health care sector to become mercury free.Aim and methodsTo find out the Knowledge, attitude and practice due to hazards of mercury contact among paramedics and patients.Results and conclusion938 paramedics and 890 patients were asked in­depth structured questions about mercury hazards and update knowledge. Overall 18% of the paramedics have no knowledge of mercury­free with respect to 69% of the patients. Around 49% of paramedics have broken mercury thermometer in their career and contact with skin. However, 1.2% patient only have a similar history in their life time. 4% of the contamination with mercury having SKIN problems. 32% of the patients still have mercury thermometer and sphygmomanometer in their home with respect of 0.6% of paramedics. The above study showed that Healthcare worker has more knowledge of Mercury hazards than patients groups. However, paramedics have broken the mercury instruments than patients party. Similarly, Paramedics have Mercury free device at home than patients groups. It means awareness, literate people having more knowledge towards its practice making mercury free society in a resource poor country like Nepal.
P.2.03 Design, development and implementation of a national multi-site fire fighter cancer cohort study
Authors: Caban-Martinez Alberto , Fent Kenny , Grant Casey , Solle Natasha Schaefer , Jacobs Elizabeth , Jahnke Sara , Griffin Stephanie , Horn Gavin , Fahy Rita , Morrison Patrick , Bertke Steve , Jeong Kyoung Sook , Zhou Jin , Littau Sally , Jung Alesia , Burgess Jeffrey 
Published: May 2020

Background and objective(s)Retrospective epidemiologic studies suggest a disproportionate burden in specific cancer incidence rates in U.S. fire fighters when compared to the general population. Exposure to hazardous chemicals and carcinogenic compounds during fire incident response may be contributing to these observed elevated cancer rates. Research studies that prospectively collect and integrate exposure, biomarker and health survey information within the fire fighter workforce are lacking. In the present study, we 1) describe the design and development of a multi-state prospective fire fighter cancer cohort study; and 2) discuss the collection of cancer biomarker data from the first fire department.MethodsIn July 2016, through FEMA-funding a national multi-state prospective study was designed with biomarker, exposure and data collection cores. Each core is comprised of a team of multidisciplinary investigators across governmental, industry and academic institutions with instrumentation and resources to collect field measurements across fire service departments. An oversight and planning board was empaneled with fire fighter department and union leadership and subject matter experts to guide the design, collection and analysis of integrated data streams.ResultsA total of 62 new recruits from a large U.S. large career Fire Department were consented and enrolled into the Fire Fighter Cancer Cohort Study in February 2018. Among consenting rookie firefighters 60 consented (response rate 60/62=96.8%) to the optional biomarker and exposure collection protocols as well as granted permission for follow up in the future. Two phlebotomists and an occupational health nurse at the training academy collected a total of 5 tubes from each firefighter (i.e., TEMPUS, PAXGENE RNA, Sterile Red Top, EDTA, and sodium citrate tube).ConclusionsThe newly established national prospective cancer cohort study infrastructure supports the collection of electronic consent, biomarker, exposure and health survey data. Expansion of the research protocol to other firefighter subgroups in needed.