bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cigarette smoking on SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 expression in the respiratory epithelium†
Authors: Heijink Irene H , Hackett Tillie‐Louise , Pouwels Simon D 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, the world is currently facing high morbidity and mortality rates as well as severe disruption to normal societal and social structures. SARS‐CoV‐2 uses the ACE2 receptor for cellular entry. In a recent publication of The Journal of Pathology, Liu and coworkers highlight the effects of cigarette smoking on ACE2 expression in the respiratory epithelium. The authors studied the effects of acute cigarette smoke exposure in a murine model and confirmed their findings in human lung tissues and gene expression datasets. Their findings demonstrate that cigarette smoking increases ACE2 expression specifically at the apical surface of the airway epithelium. Smoking cessation resulted in lower ACE2 expression, with implications for attenuating the risk of transmission of the virus. The role of ACE2 expression in the development of COVID‐19 symptoms is still under investigation, with conflicting results from experimental models on the role of ACE2 expression in SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced lung injury. In this commentary, we highlight the implications and limitations of the study of Liu et al as well as future therapeutic strategies directed towards ACE2. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Mechanical, wear, and drop load impact behavior of glass/Caryota urens hybridized fiber‐reinforced nanoclay/SiC toughened epoxy multihybrid composite
Authors: Raju P. , Raja K. , Lingadurai K. , Maridurai T. , Prasanna S. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh toughness epoxy resin hybrid composites were prepared using nanoclay, SiC, and glass‐caryota intra ply fibers. The main aim of this research was to study the effect of adding Caryota urens natural fiber from biomass as a potential fiber along with synthetic glass fiber in load‐bearing and wear properties of nanoclay and silicon carbide (SiC) particle toughened epoxy composite. The intra‐ply glass‐caryota fiber, silicon carbide, and nanoclay were surface‐treated using 3‐Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The composites were prepared using the hand lay‐up method. The tensile result shows that the addition of 1 vol% of the silicon carbide particle along with nanoclay in intra‐ply glass‐caryota fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite gives improved results than other composite designations. The wear properties show that the addition of silicon carbide of 1.0 vol% gives a lower specific wear rate of 0.024 mm3/Nm. Similarly, the composite, which contains 1.0 vol% of silicon carbide and nanoclay gives higher penetration resistance and energy absorption. In all properties, the addition of silicon carbide modifies the values significantly. This high toughness intra‐ply glass‐caryota fiber‐reinforced silicon carbide/nanoclay toughened epoxy resin composite could be used in automotive, sports components, domestic appliances, and structural body applications.
The synthesis of pyrrole from C4‐olefinated isoxazole catalyzed by ruthenium: A density functional theory study
Authors: Liu Haibo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms of ruthenium‐catalyzed synthesis of pyrrole from C4‐olefinated isoxazole were investigated by employing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Three main steps are included in this reaction: NO cleavage, 1,5‐cyclization, and H‐transfer steps. The H‐transfer is calculated to be the rate‐determining step with the overall barrier of 19.7 kcal/mol. The role of Cu(OAc)2 employed in this reaction is to supply HOAc molecule, which could reduce the barrier of the rate‐determining step to make the step more feasible.
Measurement of sulfur in environmental samples using the interference standard method with an O2‐pressurized reaction cell and a single‐quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
Authors: Pérez‐Arvizu Ofelia , Bernal Juan‐Pablo 
Published: December 2020

RationalePrecise and accurate analysis of trace sulfur in environmental samples is essential to understand its biogeochemical cycle. Yet it remains a challenging analytical task for single‐quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) instrumentation because of the presence of significant isobaric interferences.MethodsWe evaluated the effect that different instrumental parameters have on the formation of SO+ species, and show that, under our instrumental configuration, it is not possible to fully remove all spectral interferences. Consequently, our instrumental optimization is focused on minimizing their contribution while obtaining the best possible sensitivity. We assessed the performance of the interference standard (IFS) method, where the signal corresponding to the SO+ ions formed in the ICP is normalized to that of 36Ar+.ResultsWe found that, by pressurizing the cell with O2, there is a significant improvement in sensitivity and detection limits, associated with a more effective production and focalization of SO+ ions. Moreover, by applying the systematics of the IFS with pure O2 injected into the cell (IFS‐O2) we observed a significant improvement in accuracy and detection limits, making this the method of choice for the quantification of trace sulfur in environmental samples by ICP‐MS.ConclusionsThe method described here represents an effective and affordable alternative for the accurate and precise determination of sulfur using single‐quadrupole ICP‐MS in environmental samples, with LODs and LOQs comparable with those obtained with more expensive instrumentation.
Fully distributed bipartite leader‐following consensus for uncertain linear multi‐agent systems with event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Cai Yuliang , Zhang Huaguang , He Qiang , Song Weizhao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the distributed bipartite leader‐following consensus for uncertain linear multi‐agent systems based on event‐triggered mechanism. Both cooperative communication and hostile communication between neighbor agents are taken into account. The distributed static bipartite event‐triggered controller is first proposed to address the consensus issue. Note that the communication in both controller updating and triggering condition monitoring is intermittent, thus the communication resources can be greatly saved. Then the fully distributed adaptive bipartite event‐triggered controller is designed such that the bipartite leader‐following consensus problem can be achieved. Different from the existing control schemes, the proposed controller can be independent of the global information of the communication topology, can achieve the intermittent communication between neighbors, can suppress the effect of uncertainty, and is applicable for the signed communication topology. Moreover, the Zeno behavior in both triggering mechanisms can be excluded. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the feasibility of the main theoretical findings.
Virus‐mimetic systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Gao Xihui , Ding Junqiang , Long Qianqian , Zhan Changyou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOver past decades, various strategies have been developed to enhance the delivery efficiency of therapeutics and imaging agents to tumor tissues. However, the therapeutic outcome of tumors to date have not been significantly improved, which can be partly attributed to the weak targeting ability, fast elimination, and low stability of conventional delivery systems. Viruses are the most efficient agents for gene transfer, serving as a valuable source of inspiration for designing nanoparticle‐based delivery systems. Based on the properties of viruses, including well‐defined geometry, precise composition, easy modification, stable construction, and specific infection, researchers attempt to design biocompatible delivery vectors by mimicking virus assembly and using the vector system to selectively concentrate drugs or imaging probes in tumors with mitigated toxicity and improved efficacy. In this review, we introduce common viruses features and provide an overview of various virus‐mimetic strategies for cancer therapy and diagnosis. The challenges faced by virus‐mimetic systems are also discussed.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Analysis of Multiple Redox Sites in Complexes [M(C5Me5)(Q)(NO)]n, M=Ru or Os, Q=o‐Quinones
Authors: Scherer Thomas M. , Hartenbach Ingo , Lissner Falk , Schwederski Brigitte , Hübner Ralph , Fiedler Jan , Záliš Stanislav , Sarkar Biprajit , Kaim Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeutral complexes [MII(C5Me5)(Q2−)(NO+)] with M=Ru or Os and the catecholates Q2− with 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl (dtbc) or 3,4,5,6‐tetrachloro substituents (tcc) were identified with the oxidation and charge states indicated. Reversible electron transfer was analyzed spectroelectrochemically (EPR, UV‐vis‐NIR, IR), supported by DFT calculations. Reversible reduction was observed for [Ru(C5Me5)(tcc)(NO)] to occur on the nitrosyl ligand to yield the NO radical complex [RuII(C5Me5)(tcc2−)(NO.)]−, whereas the stepwise oxidation yielded o‐semiquinone cations, [MII(C5Me5)(Q.−)(NO+)]+, and dications. The metals remained in the stable low‐spin d6 states, RuII and OsII, respectively. Redox potentials were found to depend strongly on the donor or acceptor substitution pattern at Qn.
The Properties of Hydrotris(3‐mesitylpyrazol‐1‐yl) Borate Iron(II) Complexes with Aryl Carboxylate Co‐ligands – Stabilization of an Iron(III) Alkylperoxide
Authors: Müller Lars , Baturin Kirill , Hoof Santina , Lau Caroline , Herwig Christian , Limberg Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThrough the reaction of [TpMesFeCl] with different benzoic acids, namely salicylic acid (HOBzo−OH), m‐chloro benzoic acid (HOBzm−Cl), p‐dimethylamino benzoic acid (OBzp−N(Me)2) and benzoic acid itself, in the presence of triethylamine corresponding complexes [TpMesFeOBzR] with varying residues R could be isolated and fully characterized (including paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, IR, cyclic voltammetry). From acetonitrile solutions they crystallized as acetonitrile adducts [TpMesFe(NCMe)OBzR], which indicates, that a coordination and activation of an exogeneous substrate is principally possible. While no reactivity towards O2 could be observed, in contact with tBuOOH all complexes were found to form iron(III) tert‐butylperoxide complexes [TpMesFe(OBzR)(OOtBu)], as evidenced by UV‐vis, EPR and Raman spectroscopy. Through UV‐vis studies it was shown, that both the formation rate and the stability of [TpMesFe(OBzR)(OOtBu)] are influenced by the basicity of the benzoate co‐ligands, which is determined by the substituents. An extraordinarily high stability was observed for the salicylate representative, which, however, cannot be explained on basis of such electronic effects; other potential stabilizing factors that may play an important role are discussed.
Fluide Teams in agilen Kontexten – Grenzziehung und innere Strukturierung als Herausforderung für Selbstorganisation
Authors: Neumer Judith , Nicklich Manuel 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungSelbstorganisierte Teamarbeit ist ein zentrales Moment agilen Arbeitens. Häufig machen die räumliche Verteilung von Teams, der zentrale Anspruch der Kundenintegration und die sich überlappenden Organisationsprinzipien von agilen Teams und nicht agilen Organisationsumwelten eine eindeutige Teamabgrenzung schwer. Es zeigt sich eine Fluidität agiler Teams, in der weder die innere Struktur, noch die Zugehörigkeit und die Grenzen nach außen immer klar benannt werden können. Ziel des Beitrags ist daher die genauere Bestimmung der Konstitution von fluiden Teams in konkreten agilen Arbeitskontexten und ihrer Bedeutung für selbstorganisierte Arbeitsprozesse. Es zeigt sich, dass Grenzziehung und innere Strukturierung zentrale Bedingungen für die Selbstorganisation fluider Teams in agilen Kontexten sind. In diesem Kontext nimmt auch die Digitalisierung eine ambivalente Rolle ein. Gilt sie unter anderem als Treiber bzw. Garant für die Entwicklung agiler Ansätze in der Projektarbeit so zeigt sich in unseren Untersuchungen, dass insbesondere die räumliche Verteilung von Teams auch durch digitale Tools nur begrenzt überbrückt werden kann. „Wer“ und „wie“ das Team ist, ist dabei grundlegend offen und muss immer wieder – bspw. unter Nutzung der vorgestellten Modelle – bestimmt werden.
Führung hybrider Formen virtueller Teams – Herausforderungen und Implikationen auf Team- und Individualebene
Authors: Bernardy Valeria , Müller Rebecca , Röltgen Anna T. , Antoni Conny H. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHybride Formen virtueller Teamarbeit, bei denen Teile des Teams vor Ort im Büro sind und Teile aufgrund von Home-Office oder Dienstreisen mobil mit dem Rest des Teams zusammenarbeiten, sind heutzutage in der Wissensarbeit Normalität. Diese Art der Zusammenarbeit wirkt sich anders auf die Entwicklung von Teamkognitionen und –emotionen aus als die komplett virtuelle Zusammenarbeit, deren einziger Kommunikationskanal digital ist. Es zeigen sich spezifische Herausforderungen für die Führung solcher Teams, die sowohl an die Führungskraft als auch an die Teammitglieder neue Anforderungen an Kompetenzen stellen. Unser Beitrag stellt hierzu die Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Untersuchung vor und bettet diese in den derzeitigen Forschungsstand zur Führung virtueller Teams ein. Wir leiten konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für Führungskräfte ab und stellen das in unserem Forschungsprojekt entwickelte Online-Tool TeamCheck vor, welches Reflexionsprozesse zu Teamkognitionen, -emotionen und –prozessen anregt und als strukturelle Unterstützung zur Führung virtueller Teams dienen kann.
Simplified abductor pollicis longus suspension interposition arthroplasty for thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Sander Anna Lena , Buhrmann Clara Friederike , Sommer Katharina , Frank Johannes 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The primary treatment goals for advanced-stage thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint osteoarthritis are complete pain relief and restoration of thumb strength. The purpose of the present study was to introduce a variation of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) suspension arthroplasty using a single looping of a radial slip from the APL tendon around the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon combined with RegJoint™ interposition and to determine its efficacy in the treatment of thumb CMC joint osteoarthritis.

Methods
Between 2015 and 2017, 21 patients were included. The average age was 60.8 years (range 48–79). The mean follow-up was 27.7 months (range 8–50). Evaluation included pain, radial and palmar abduction, tip pinch and grip strength, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score.

Results
Pain averaged 0.3 (range 0–4) at rest and 1.4 (range 0–4) on exertion. The radial and palmar abduction were 97% and 99% compared to the contralateral side. The tip pinch and grip strength were 4.1 kg (range 3–6.5) and 22 kg (range 13.3–40), respectively. The DASH score accounted for 18.5 (range 0.8–41.7).

Conclusion
The modified APL suspension interposition arthroplasty was an efficient and simplified option for the treatment of thumb CMC joint osteoarthritis, with results comparable or better than other published procedures. The APL suspension technique was easy to perform avoiding difficult bone tunneling and incision of the FCR tendon. The RegJoint™ interposition as spacer prevented impingement of the first metacarpal base on the second metacarpal base or the trapezoid bone.
Ultrashort-pulsed laser separation of glass-silicone-glass substrates: influence of material properties and laser parameters on dicing process and cutting edge geometry
Authors: Stroj Sandra , Plank Wolfgang , Muendlein Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, ultrashort-pulsed lasers have increased their applicability for industrial requirements, as reliable femtosecond and picosecond laser sources with high output power are available on the market. Compared to conventional laser sources, high quality processing of a large number of material classes with different mechanical and optical properties is possible. In the field of laser cutting, these properties enable the cutting of multilayer substrates with changing material properties. In this work, the femtosecond laser cutting of phosphor sheets is demonstrated. The substrate contains a 230 µm thick silicone layer filled with phosphor, which is embedded between two glass plates. Due to the softness and thermal sensitivity of the silicone layer in combination with the hard and brittle dielectric material, the separation of such a material combination is challenging for both mechanical separation processes and cutting with conventional laser sources. In our work, we show that the femtosecond laser is suitable to cut the substrate with a high cutting edge quality. In addition to the experimental results of the laser dicing process, we present a universal model that allows predicting the final cutting edge geometry of a multilayer substrate.
Bone transport with magnetic intramedullary nails in long bone defects
Authors: Summers Selina , Krkovic Matija 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes the outcomes of internal bone transport with magnetic nails in five cases of traumatic segmental femoral bone defects.MethodsFive patients with open fracture of the femur and diaphyseal bone loss were included between May 2018 and August 2020. The mean femoral defect was 8.7 cm (range 5.6–16.0).InterventionWe used plate-assisted bone segment transport (PABST) with PRECICE magnetic nails.ResultsAll five patients have fully consolidated. The mean consolidation time and index were 7.5 months and 0.8 mo/cm, respectively. The mean follow-up was 21.3 months. The main complications were reduced knee ROM, mild varus deformity and plate bending. Post-operative SF-36, Oxford Knee scores and ED-5Q-5L scores were also compiled for four of five patients. SF-36 and Oxford Knee scores were reported without pre-injury data for comparison. ED-5Q-5L index and VAS were compared UK population norm and were both found to be statistically insignificant (p = 0.071 andp = 0.068, respectively).ConclusionBone transport with magnetic nails has the capacity to obtain good functional recovery in long bone defects despite variable outcome pictures. In response to variable outcome reporting in the literature, we propose a standard reporting template for future studies to facilitate more rigorous analyses.
Development of coral–sponge–microbialite reefs in a coated grain-dominated carbonate ramp (Upper Jurassic, eastern Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Nembrini Mattia , Della Porta Giovanna , Berra Fabrizio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Late Jurassic is a peak time of diversification of reefs with corals, stromatoporoids, calcareous and siliceous sponges, and microbialites during the Phanerozoic. This study focuses on the Callovian–Kimmeridgian carbonate succession of eastern Sardinia, deposited at tropical latitudes on the European passive margin that recorded from the late Oxfordian the evolution from a coated grain-dominated to a reef-bearing carbonate ramp. The coated grain-dominated carbonate ramp (phase 1; Callovian–middle Oxfordian) includes inner ramp ooidal shoals and peloidal packstone in the middle-to-outer ramp. The overlying reef-bearing ramp (phase 2; late Oxfordian–late Kimmeridgian) is characterized by three types (1–3) of bioconstructions. The distribution of these build-ups along the middle-to-outer ramp depositional profile reflects bathymetric parameters, related to the interplay of water energy and light penetration. Type 1 build-ups developed in the proximal middle ramp and consist of 45 m thick, 100 m wide, coral-stromatoporoid boundstone associated with coral–stromatoporoid rudstone–grainstone. Type 2 build-ups, colonizing deeper environments in the middle ramp, are lens-shaped coral–calcareous sponge–diceratid boundstone including stromatoporoids and chaetetid sponges, 1–2 m thick and 3–4 m wide, associated with bioclastic packstone–grainstone. Type 3 lens-shaped calcareous and siliceous sponge–coral–microbialite boundstone build-ups (1 m thick and a few metres wide) formed in lower energy, distal middle-to-outer ramp settings. The evolution of the eastern Sardinian carbonate ramp reflects the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian spread of the coral–sponge-microbialite reefs along the Tethyan European passive margin.
Palaeoecological analysis of maximum flooding zones from the Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) of the Kachchh Basin, western India
Authors: Fürsich Franz T. , Alberti Matthias , Pandey Dhirendra K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe siliciclastic Jhuran Formation of the Kachchh Basin, a rift basin bordering the Malagasy Seaway, documents the filling of the basin during the late syn-rift stage. The marine, more than 700-m-thick Tithonian part of the succession in the western part of the basin is composed of highly asymmetric transgressive–regressive cycles and is nearly unfossiliferous except for two intervals, the Lower Tithonian Hildoglochiceras Bed (HB) and the upper Lower Tithonian to lowermost Cretaceous Green Ammonite Beds (GAB). Both horizons represent maximum flooding zones (MFZ) and contain a rich fauna composed of ammonites and benthic macroinvertebrates. Within the HB the benthic assemblages change, concomitant with an increase in the carbonate content, from the predominantly infaunal “Lucina” rotundata to the epifaunal Actinostreon marshii and finally to the partly epifaunal, partly infaunal Eoseebachia sowerbyana assemblage. The Green Ammonite Beds are composed of three highly ferruginous beds, which are the MFZ of transgressive–regressive cycles forming the MFZ of a 3rd-order depositional sequence. The GAB are highly ferruginous, containing berthieroid ooids and grains. GAB I is characterized by the reworked Gryphaea moondanensis assemblage, GAB II by an autochthonous high-diversity assemblage dominated by the brachiopods Acanthorhynchia multistriata and Somalithyris lakhaparensis, whereas GAB III is devoid of fossils except for scarce ammonites. The GAB are interpreted to occupy different positions along an onshore–offshore transect with increasing condensation offshore. Integrated analyses of sedimentological, taphonomic, and palaeoecological data allow to reconstruct, in detail, the sequence stratigraphic architecture of sedimentary successions and to evaluate their degree of faunal condensation.
Presence in Digital Spaces. A Phenomenological Concept of Presence in Mediatized Communication
Authors: Lindemann Gesa , Schünemann David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTheories of face-to-face interaction employ a concept of spatial presence and view communication via digital technologies as an inferior version of interaction, often with pathological implications. Current studies of mediatized communication challenge this notion with empirical evidence of “telepresence”, suggesting that users of such technologies experience their interactions as immediate. We argue that the phenomenological concepts of the lived body and mediated immediacy (Helmuth Plessner) combined with the concept of embodied space (Hermann Schmitz) can help overcome the pathologizing of digital communication in social theory and enable descriptions which are truer to the experience of using said technology. From this perspective it appears as an ethnocentric premise to restrict interaction to human actors being present in local space. This restricted understanding of interaction does not allow for an appropriate empirical analysis of the emerging structures of digital communication.