bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of reproduction rate in terrestrial placental mammals
Authors: Vekhnik Victoria A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mechanisms of regulation of reproduction are studied in a limited number of mammalian species, but these studies are extremely important for the conservation of rare animals. This study is a review of the data on reproductive biology of over 120 mammalian species. Four hierarchical levels of regulation of reproduction rate in mammalian females are identified: regulation of the number of embryos, regulation of the oestrous cycle, regulation of the number of females participating in reproduction, and regulation of reproduction rate at the population level. This classification makes it possible to draw a number of conclusions: (1) the mechanisms of reproductive regulation may be similar in distant taxonomic groups; (2) completely different regulatory mechanisms can be realized simultaneously in the same species at various levels; (3) the higher the level of regulation, the greater the number of individuals participating; (4) the nutritional factor is of integral importance and affects reproduction rate at all levels; (5) at the population level, the mechanism of anticipatory reproduction evolves, being a natural regulatory mechanism. The studies of reproductive restrictions in males may appear as a fruitful area for obtaining new data about regulation of reproduction rate in populations. The role of male reproductive activity in the regulation of reproduction seems highly underestimated.
Research of industrial noise impact to the urban environment on the example of enterprises of north industrial unit of Togliatti city of Russia
Authors: Vasilyev A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Environmental noise impact is increasing every year and may cause serious negative problems for inhabitants of urban territories and for specially protected natural areas. Industrial noise is one of the main noise sources of the urban territories of modern towns. On the territory of Togliatti city of Russia the part of the Middle Volga Integrated Biosphere Reserve is located. Results of analysis of environmental noise sources on the territory of north industrial unit of Togliatti city are considered. Methods of analysis of environmental noise in Russia are analysed. Results of measurements of environmental noise in the zone of north industrial unit of Togliatti city are presented. Practically in all noise measuring the exceeding noise values were determined. Measurement results of noise characteristic directly in the territories of industrial enterprises are showing that the main noise sources, especially in low frequency range, are power plants. Noise map of the territory of the north industrial unit of Togliatti city have been developed. In total, it is possible to make a conclusion about the existing of real problem of increased noise impact of industrial enterprises to the population.
Driving Characteristics Analysis of Light-duty Vehicle RDE Test in Plain and Plateau
Authors: Lyu H , Li J , Fu T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, 8 real-driving emission (RDE) tests were conducted by using a portable emission measurement system (PEMs), and the intensity value was defined to quantitatively express the driving intensity of vehicles. Four plains RDE experiment and four plateau RDE driving characteristics were analysed. At the same time, the transient characteristics of plain test 3 and plateau test 2 with close and stable driving intensity and plain test 1 with high driving intensity were compared. Results show that compared with the plain RDE test, driving intensity of plateau RDE test overall is low, and the frequent acceleration and deceleration times of the plateau RDE test in the urban section are few, besides the acceleration is relatively large. The intensity of driving can have a big impact on pollutant emissions, especially in highway section. The acceleration of the plateau RDE test in the urban section is large, and the CO emission is high due to the climatic conditions and road conditions. Therefore, the frequent acceleration process of the plateau test in the urban section should be paid special attention to when the vehicle is conducting calibration test. In conclusion, from a test method point of view, the driving intensity of the RDE test should be required; From the point of view of calibration development, we should focus on the condition of high driving intensity.
Research on the Recognition of Infrasound Signal of Nuclear Explosion by SVM and CNN
Authors: Wu Yunhui , Zhang Jiemin , Chen Xingmin , Zou Shiya , Yang Ming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Infrasound monitoring is a nuclear test monitoring technology of the CTBTO’s international monitoring system. In order to improve the accuracy rate of atmospheric infrasound signal recognition, the recognition effectiveness of convolutional neural network(CNN) and support vector machine(SVM) are studied. According to the features of nuclear explosion infrasound, the related features are extracted from other types of signals. SVM model and CNN model are used in the experiment, and a method is designed to improve the recognition efficiency. It converts infrasound signals into images, and then uses CNN to recognize them, and the learning process is improved by combining with GAN. Compared with SVM method based on artificial design features, the experimental results show that in the case of small training data set, CNN with improved learning process can dig out the potential features of signals, and has the same recognition ability as SVM. But the recognition ability of nuclear explosion and chemical explosion is slightly better than that of SVM.
Prediction of the Optimum Conditions for Hydraulic Cleaning Process of Typical Organic Foulants on the Membrane Surface
Authors: Luo Huijia , Guo Yangyang , Wang Zhan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to systematically analyse the impacts of stirring speed, temperature and cleaning duration on the membrane flux during hydraulic cleaning, a series of experiments were carried out with the PAN MF membrane and SA solution. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the membrane flux increases with the increase of temperature and stirring speed, but there is a critical value for cleaning duration. Considering the swelling, dissolution and redeposition of foulants, a formula to predict the instantaneous membrane flux during hydraulic cleaning is proposed. This method was used to successfully predict the instantaneous permeate flux of the membrane during the hydraulic cleaning process on the membrane fouled with different foulants. This method can be embedded into the automatic cleaning program and will greatly save cleaning time and improve production efficiency.
Development of High Pressure and Constant Low Flow Test System for Hydraulic Support Safety Valve
Authors: Yi-cun Niu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The existing test equipment for safety valve with low-flow start and overflow closure characteristics of hydraulic support cannot provide the test conditions stipulated in relevant standards, which affects the accuracy of test results. Aiming at the shortage of the existing test equipment, a test system of high pressure and low flow rate of safety valve with hydraulic support is designed, and a technical solution of using straight line driver to push the plunger cylinder to realize high pressure and low flow rate of liquid supply is put forward. The simulation software AMESim was used to construct the virtual prototype of the test system, and the simulation analysis was carried out to determine the main parameters and the influencing rules of the rigidity of the liquid supply velocity. Based on the simulation study, prototype trial production, flow calibration and field experiment were completed. The experimental results showed that the instantaneous output flow fluctuation of the test system was within the range of ±10% of the rated value of 40ml/min, and the output flow fluctuation range was reduced by 25% compared with the existing way.
Creating a Humanistic Community under the Concept of Dialectical Deep Ecology: Constraints and Optimizations Go Hand in Hand
Authors: Yidan Liu , Qiao Ning 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the implementation strategies of creating an eco-community in the new era from an overall perspective of ecological philosophy. First, based on the review and dialectical analysis of relevant research on eco-community and deep ecology, it points out the dilemma we are facing in the process of eco-community construction, the lack of implementation guidance between theory and practice in China, and the applicability of ecological philosophy perspective. It then proposes a coping attitude to create a people-oriented community under the overall ecological view; second, this paper makes a targeted analysis of the typical cases and gets some innovation inspiration; finally, based on the above theoretical and practical analysis, from the ecological, economic and social aspects, the paper puts forward the strategies of creating an eco-community with both constraints and optimization, to provide help for the transition stage of completing self-realization of ecological consciousness. This paper aims to jump out of the narrow humanism, start from the overall ecosystem to the concrete operation of creating a community, to better implement ecological strategies, and guide the community to complete the upgrade and transformation.
Dynamic beam-steering of graphene-based terahertz cross Yagi–Uda antenna with a theoretical approach
Authors: Moshiri Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi , Nozhat Najmeh , Khodadadi Maryam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, a dynamic tunable graphene-based cross Yagi–Uda antenna in the terahertz region has been investigated comprehensively by two numerical methods and analytical analysis. To verify the accuracy of the analytical solution based on the coupled dipole method to obtain the directivity pattern, two numerical methods of finite-element and finite-difference time-domain have been used. Numerical results are well matched with the theoretical ones. By introducing the tunable cross Yagi–Uda antenna with graphene-coated spheres, different directivity radiation patterns such as omni-, vertical and horizontal bi- and quad-directional have been obtained with the maximum directivities of 2.42, 12.4, 12.3, and 10.5 dBi, respectively. Moreover, the effect of different element shapes including cube and cylinder on the directivity and radiation efficiency has been studied. Also, the new idea of multiple-access and controlling the user’s access to the radiated optical electromagnetic waves from the transmitting antenna has been studied as an optical wireless on-chip link. Finally, the effect of structural parameters on the directivity of the proposed antenna has been surveyed with the tolerance of ±5% to investigate the imperfections that may appear in the fabrication process.
Application of Walsh filters and subsequent angular-stitching for edge enhancement
Authors: Chatterjee Joydeep , Chakraborty Semanti , Palodhi Kanik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In common edge-enhancement techniques, mostly employed in digital image processing, all the edges of an object are enhanced simultaneously. Selective edge enhancement, a well-known technique in optics, on the other hand, is useful for controlled image representation and structural analysis of the images with applications in biology and chemistry. A simple yet versatile method for selective edge enhancement using a spatial bunch of filters, known as Walsh filters, applied in the Fourier domain has been presented in this paper. The method has been tested on different types of images such as camera images, and scanning electron microscope images. Experimental results with a half-circular object have been presented using reflective spatial light modulators (SLMs). After obtaining selective edges, Walsh filters have been rotated for ‘angular stitching’ to enhance edges in all possible radial directions. This makes this method superior to all previous selective edge enhancement methods using SLMs since it can be tuned to provide both selective or overall edge enhancements depending upon the situation.
Infrastructural-Innovation Realism in an Age of Collapse
Authors: Geidel Molly , Stuelke Patricia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores a phenomenon of low-level magical realism we call infrastructural-innovation realism. Reversing the formulation identified by Sean McCann and Michael Szalay in their 2005 essay “Do You Believe in Magic? Literary Thinking After the New Left,” in which an earlier generation of left-leaning American writers eschewed engagement with the state in favor of imagining utopian magical communities, these novels rewrite historical events, often catastrophic and violent ones, with the addition of one piece of working magical infrastructure. Here we explore the effects of these magical technological additions in three novels: Colson Whitehead’s Underground Railroad (2016); Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West (2017); and briefly, César Aira’s Shantytown (2000). Although these effects vary, in these novels, history continues on as violently as ever: together they betray the difficulty in late neoliberalism of even imagining that states will provide working infrastructure, particularly for oppressed and displaced people. At the same time, these novels challenge the idea that imagining utopian communities beyond the state’s orbit constitutes a retreat from politics. Rather, they showcase the difficult, painstaking work of building alternative community in the wake of the state’s many failures and imply the continued necessity of confronting and reimagining the violent state rather than appealing to it.
Multiple factors affect the evolution of repertoire size across birds
Authors: Leighton Gavin M , Birmingham Tucker 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Changes in signaling repertoires across species allow for insight into the macroevolutionary forces that control signaling systems. Signaling systems are theorized to be affected by both the social and ecological environments of species. With respect to social variables, increased social complexity is thought to lead to increased vocal complexity. Although ecology can affect signaling systems in numerous ways, one potential effect of ecology is that more cluttered habitats should lead to greater reliance on nonvisual (e.g., vocal) signals. To test these concepts on a macroevolutionary scale, we compiled a large dataset of avian vocal repertoires. We amassed vocal repertoires for 821 species of birds and for many of these species categorized their vocalizations into usage categories (e.g., alarm, contact). To analyze the social and ecological forces that act on repertoire evolution, we incorporated datasets with several social variables (e.g., cooperative breeding and length of social bond), and included data on the habitat and foraging behaviors of species within the dataset. We used Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to test for potential relationships within the data. We found that cooperative breeding was a significant predictor of larger repertoire size in birds; we also find several, more targeted effects. For instance, foraging strata affected repertoire size and repertoire composition. In sum, we find considerable evidence that social features affect repertoire size while certain ecological variables have more targeted effects on vocal repertoires.
Collecting and managing taxonomic data with NCBI-taxonomist
Authors: Buchmann Jan P , Holmes Edward C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Summary
We present NCBI-taxonomist—a command-line tool written in Python that collects and manages taxonomic data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). NCBI-taxonomist does not depend on a pre-downloaded taxonomic database but can store data locally. NCBI-taxonomist has six commands to map, collect, extract, resolve, import and group taxonomic data that can be linked together to create powerful analytical pipelines. Because many lifescience databases use the same taxonomic information, the data managed by NCBI-taxonomist is not limited to NCBI and can be used to find data linked to taxonomic information present in other scientific databases.

Availability and implementation
NCBI-taxonomist is implemented in Python 3 (≥3.8) and available at https://gitlab.com/janpb/ncbi-taxonomist and via PyPi (https://pypi.org/project/ncbi-taxonomist/), as a Docker container (https://gitlab.com/janpb/ncbi-taxonomist/container_registry/) and Singularity (v3.5.3) image (https://cloud.sylabs.io/library/jpb/ncbi-taxonomist). NCBI-taxonomist is licensed under the GPLv3.
PETAL: a Python tool for deep analysis of biological pathways
Authors: Sgroi Giuseppe , Russo Giulia , Pappalardo Francesco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Summary
Although several bioinformatics tools have been developed to examine signaling pathways, little attention has been given to ever long-distance crosstalk mechanisms. Here, we developed PETAL, a Python tool that automatically explores and detects the most relevant nodes within a KEGG pathway, scanning and performing an in-depth search. PETAL can contribute to discovering novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers that are potentially hidden and not considered in the network under study.

Availabilityand implementation
PETAL is a freely available open-source software. It runs on all platforms that support Python3. The user manual and source code are accessible from https://github.com/Pex2892/PETAL.
Regression adjustment in completely randomized experiments with a diverging number of covariates
Authors: Lei Lihua , Ding Peng 
Published: December 2020

SummaryRandomized experiments have become important tools in empirical research. In a completely randomized treatment-control experiment, the simple difference in means of the outcome is un- biased for the average treatment effect, and covariate adjustment can further improve the efficiency without assuming a correctly specified outcome model. In modern applications, experimenters often have access to many covariates, motivating the need for a theory of covariate adjustment under the asymptotic regime with a diverging number of covariates. We study the asymptotic properties of covariate adjustment under the potential outcomes model and propose a bias-corrected estimator that is consistent and asymptotically normal under weaker conditions. Our theory is based purely on randomization without imposing any parametric outcome model assumptions. To prove the theoretical results, we develop novel vector and matrix concentration inequalities for sampling without replacement.
Gut, metabolism and nutritional Support for COVID-19: Experiences from China
Authors: Jiang Hua , Zhang Jian-Cheng , Zeng Jun , Wang Lu , Wang Yu , Lu Charles Damien , Deng Lei , Deng Hongfei , Wang Kai , Sun Ming-Wei , Zhou Ping , Yuan Ting , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is little research that focuses on the relationship between the gut, metabolism, nutritional support and COVID-19. As a group of Chinese physicians, nutritionists and scientists working on the frontline treating COVID-19 patients, we aim to integrate our experiences and the current clinical evidence to address this pressing issue in this article. Based on our clinical observations and available evidence, we recommend the following practice. Firstly, the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 tool should be used routinely and periodically; for patients with a score ≥3, oral nutritional supplements should be given immediately. Secondly, for patients receiving the antiviral agents lopinavir/ritonavir, gastrointestinal side effects should be monitored for and timely intervention provided. Thirdly, for feeding, the enteral route should be the first choice. In patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, establishing a jejunal route as early as possible can guarantee the feeding target being achieved if gastric dilatation occurs. Fourthly, we suggest a permissive underfeeding strategy for severe/critical patients admitted to the intensive care unit during the first week of admission, with the energy target no more than 20 kcal/kg/day (for those on mechanical ventilation, this target may be lowered to 10–15 kcal/kg/day) and the protein target around 1.0–1.2 g/kg/day. If the inflammatory condition is significantly alleviated, the energy target may be gradually increased to 25–30 kcal/kg/day and the protein target to 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day. Fifthly, supplemental parenteral nutrition should be used with caution. Lastly, omega-3 fatty acids may be used as immunoregulators, intravenous administration of omega-3 fatty emulsion (10 g/day) at an early stage may help to reduce the inflammatory reaction.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Benefit-Risk Considerations for Cefiderocol (Fetroja®)
Authors: Naseer Shabnam , Weinstein Edward A , Rubin Daniel B , Suvarna Kalavati , Wei Xiaohui , Higgins Karen , Goodwin Avery , Jang Seong H , Iarikov Dmitri , Farley John , Nambiar Sumathi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In November 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved cefiderocol for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including pyelonephritis caused by susceptible gram-negative bacteria in adults with limited to no alternative treatment options based on a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority cUTI trial (APEKS-cUTI). In a randomized, open-label trial (CREDIBLE-CR) in patients with cUTI, nosocomial pneumonia, bloodstream infections, or sepsis due to carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria, an increase in all-cause mortality was observed in patients treated with cefiderocol as compared to best available therapy. The cause of the increased mortality was not established, but some deaths were attributed to treatment failure. Preliminary data from a randomized, double-blind trial (APEKS-NP) in patients with nosocomial pneumonia due to carbapenem-susceptible gram-negative bacteria showed a similar rate of mortality as compared to meropenem. We describe the uncertainties and challenges in the interpretation of the CREDIBLE-CR trial and some benefit-risk considerations for the use of cefiderocol in clinical practice.
Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02321800.
Characteristics of Adults Aged 18–49 Years Without Underlying Conditions Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the United States: COVID-NET—March–August 2020
Authors: Owusu Daniel , Kim Lindsay , O’Halloran Alissa , Whitaker Michael , Piasecki Alexandra M , Reingold Arthur , Alden Nisha B , Maslar Amber , Anderson Evan J , Ryan Patricia A , Kim Sue , Como-Sabetti Kathryn , Hancock Emily B , Muse Alison , Bennett Nancy M , Billing Laurie M , Sutton Melissa , Talbot H Keipp , Ortega Jake , Brammer Lynnette , Fry Alicia M , Hall Aron J , Garg Shikha ,   COVID-NET Surveillance Teama, Cummings Charisse N , Holstein Rachel , Kambhampati Anita , Meador Seth , Wortham Jonathan M , Chai Shua J , Kawasaki Breanna , Yousey-Hindes Kimberly , Openo Kyle P , Monroe Maya L , Reeg Libby , Lynfield Ruth , Eisenberg Nancy , Barney Grant R , Felsen Christina B , Shiltz Jessica , West Nicole , Schaffner William , Price Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Among 513 adults aged 18–49 years without underlying medical conditions hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during March 2020–August 2020, 22% were admitted to an intensive care unit, 10% required mechanical ventilation, and 3 patients died (0.6%). These data demonstrate that healthy younger adults can develop severe COVID-19.