bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CNS myelin protein 36K regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation through Notch
Authors: Nagarajan Bhuvaneswari , Harder Alexander , Japp Anna , Häberlein Felix , Mingardo Enrico , Kleinert Henning , Yilmaz Öznur , Zoons Angelika , Rau Birgit , Christ Andrea , Kubitscheck Ulrich , Eiberger Britta , Sandhoff Roger , Eckhardt Matthias , Hartmann Dieter , Odermatt Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn contrast to humans and other mammals, zebrafish can successfully regenerate and remyelinate central nervous system (CNS) axons following injury. In addition to common myelin proteins found in mammalian myelin, 36K protein is a major component of teleost fish CNS myelin. Although 36K is one of the most abundant proteins in zebrafish brain, its function remains unknown. Here we investigate the function of 36K using translation‐blocking Morpholinos. Morphant larvae showed fewer dorsally migrated oligodendrocyte precursor cells as well as upregulation of Notch ligand. A gamma secretase inhibitor, which prevents activation of Notch, could rescue oligodendrocyte precursor cell numbers in 36K morphants, suggesting that 36K regulates initial myelination through inhibition of Notch signaling. Since 36K like other short chain dehydrogenases might act on lipids, we performed thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry of lipids and found changes in lipid composition in 36K morphant larvae. Altogether, we suggest that during early development 36K regulates membrane lipid composition, thereby altering the amount of transmembrane Notch ligands and the efficiency of intramembrane gamma secretase processing of Notch and thereby influencing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and further myelination. Further studies on the role of 36K short chain dehydrogenase in oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation during remyelination might open up new strategies for remyelination therapies in human patients.
Upgrading strategies for the digital economy
Authors: Sturgeon Timothy J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryAlthough computerization has been enabling changes in the structure and economic geography of industries for decades, recent public discourse has become focused on a set of “new” advanced digital technologies and technology applications that appear poised to dramatically reduce demand for routine tasks and transform the organization and content of work. How are these changes shaping the strategic options for companies and policy‐makers in less‐developed economies? This paper disentangles the old and new features of the digital economy; distills three key business strategies underpinning its organization: modularity, open innovation, and platforms; and summarizes some of the benefits and risks for society. It explores the strategy and policy options available for firms and policy‐makers in less developed places, with a focus on innovation and market positioning.Managerial SummaryHow is the digital economy shaping strategic options for managers in less‐developed economies? This paper disentangles the old and new features of the digital economy and distills three key business strategies underpinning its organization: modularity, open innovation, and platforms. It then explores strategic options available for firms in less developed places, with a focus on innovation and market positioning. While core platform owners will have the capability and authority to accumulate, access, and analyze large pools of data, access to all of the world's relevant data is not required to speed innovation or carve out new market space in the digital economy. The opportunities may be greatest in industrial applications, where the continued importance of physical systems and industry‐specific domain knowledge drives adaptation and customization.
Event free survival at 24 months is a strong surrogate prognostic endpoint of peripheral T cell lymphoma
Authors: Wudhikarn Kitsada , Bunworasate Udomsak , Julamanee Jakrawadee , Lekhakula Arnuparp , Ekwattanakit Supachai , Khuhapinant Archrob , Niparuck Pimjai , Chuncharunee Suporn , Numbenjapon Tontanai , Prayongratana Kannadit , Kanitsap Nonglak , Wongkhantee Somchai , Makruasri Nisa , Wong Peerapon , Norasetthada Lalita , Nawarawong Weerasak , Sirijerachai Chittima , Chansung Kanchana , Suwanban Tawatchai , Praditsuktavorn Pannee , Intragumtornchai Tanin ,   on behalf of Thai Lymphoma Study Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractEvent free survival at 24 months (EFS24) has been described as a powerful predictor for outcome in several subtypes of B cell lymphoma. However, it was limitedly described in T cell lymphoma. We explored the implication of EFS24 as a predictor marker for peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL). We reviewed 293 systemic PTCL patients at 13 nationwide major university hospitals in Thailand from 2007 to 2014. The median event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of PTCL patients in our cohort was 16.3 and 27.7 months with corresponding 2‐year EFS and 2‐year OS of 45.8% and 51.9%, respectively. A total of 118 patients achieved EFS24 (no events during the first 24 mo). Patients who achieved EFS24 had better OS than patients who did not (2‐y OS 92% vs 18.8%; HR, 0.1; P < .001). The standardized mortality ratio of patients achieving EFS24 was 18.7 (95% CI, 14.6‐22.8). Multivariable analysis demonstrated performance status, histologic subtype, remission status, and EFS24 achievement as independent predictors for OS. Our study affirmed the value of EFS24 as a powerful prognostic factor for PTCL. Further validation in prospective study setting is warranted.
Credit information sharing and the shift in bank lending towards households
Authors: Bahadir Berrak , Valev Neven 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe disproportionate increase of bank lending to households relative to businesses is a central trend in the financial sector of many countries. In this paper, we provide evidence that credit information sharing has strongly contributed to this trend. Specifically, using a sample of 25 European countries, we show that credit information sharing is associated with a significant tilt in private bank lending towards household debt. That result is robust to various estimation techniques and control variable sets, as well as to instrumental variable estimations.
Read between the lines: Board gender diversity, family ownership, and risk‐taking in Indian high‐tech firms
Authors: Saeed Abubakr , Mukarram Syed Shafqat , Belghitar Yacine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article examines the effect of board gender diversity on firm risk‐taking level. Drawing on the contingency framework, we contend that the influence of women executives on firm risk‐taking depends largely on the organizational context of the firm such as the industry in which it operates. To investigate this proposition, we compare the influence of board gender diversity on firm risk‐taking level in Indian high‐tech and in non‐high‐tech sectors. Our findings indicate that female executives operating in high‐tech sectors take more risk than their counterparts female executives who operate in non‐high sector. Interestingly, our analysis also reveals that family ownership negatively moderates the impact of female executives on risk‐taking in high‐tech firms. In additional analysis, we find that female executives exert a positive impact on firm performance only in high‐tech sector. This suggests that the influence of female executives on firm outcomes is not always straightforward.
Expanding the pharmacist's scope of practice at the state level: Support for board certification within the credentialing process
Authors: Lee Mary , Saseen Joseph J. , Beckman Elizabeth , Coon Scott , Gabay Michael , Japs Kelsey , Mangan Brendan , McBane Sarah , See Sharon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe practice of pharmacy continues to evolve as more pharmacists complete the education, training, and credentialing necessary to provide direct patient care. Ongoing advocacy of legal and regulatory changes at the state level is essential to support an expanded scope of practice for these qualified pharmacists. Determining the eligibility requirements for pharmacists in advanced practice roles is an important component of this advocacy. Board certification through the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) is an appropriate qualifying credential. This commentary will overview board certification through BPS, differentiate board certification from a certificate program, and provide examples of state pharmacy practice act language that includes board certification as a qualifying credential. The commentary will include a recommendation and rationale for board certification to be included in state pharmacy practice acts as the credential required for pharmacists to practice in direct patient care roles. This commentary will serve as a resource for advocates working at the state level to revise pharmacy practice acts.
Local application of alendronate controls bone formation and β‐tricalcium phosphate resorption induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2
Authors: Kitasato Seiichiro , Tanaka Takaaki , Chazono Masaaki , Komaki Hirokazu , Kakuta Atsuhito , Inagaki Naoya , Akiyama Shoshi , Marumo Keishi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examined the ability of local alendronate (ALN) administration to control β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) resorption as well as the induction of bone formation by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2). A 15‐mm critical‐sized bone defect was created in the diaphysis of rabbit ulnae. Nine female rabbits (4 to 5 months‐old) were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n= 6 ulnae) animals received implants consisting of β‐TCP granules and 25 μg of rhBMP‐2 in 6.5% collagen gel. Group 2 (6 ulnae) and Group 3 (6 ulnae) animals received the same implants, but with 10−6M and 10−3M ALN‐treated TCP granules, respectively. Two weeks postsurgery, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive cell counts, new bone formation, and residual β‐TCP were evaluated. This study showed that a high dose of ALN strongly reduced osteoclastic resorption of β‐TCP induced by rhBMP‐2, resulting in decreased bone formation. In contrast, a low dose of ALN slightly reduced the bone resorptive effect but increased bone formation. These results suggest that osteoclast‐mediated resorption plays an important role in bone formation and a coupling‐like phenomenon could occur in the β‐TCP‐implanted area, and that administration of a low dose of ALN may solve clinical bone resorptive problems induced by rhBMP‐2.
Synthesis of selenium‐containing biindolyls and their Diels–Alder reaction toward the synthesis of heteroannulated [a]‐ and [c]‐carbazoles
Authors: Wang Ruei‐Yu , Kao Wei‐Ting , Shih Tzenge‐Lien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe reported the first syntheses of 2‐ and 3‐(2‐(benzo[b]selenophen‐2‐yl)‐indoles and their Diels–Alder reactions to furnish six unique annulated benzoselenphene carbazoles. This facile route can be used to synthesize selenium‐containing biindolyl derivatives that possessed potential pharmaceutical activities.
Changes in future rainfall extremes over Northeast Bangladesh: A Bayesian model averaging approach
Authors: Basher Abul , Islam A. K. M. Saiful , Stiller‐Reeve Mathew A. , Chu Pao‐Shin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we used a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach to analyse the changes in rainfall extremes in the periods 2041–2070 and 2071–2099 over northeast Bangladesh as a consequence of climate change. Climate change over this region could potentially impact agricultural production, water resources management, and the overall economy of the country. We used six regional climate models (RCMs) over the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment South Asia domain. We used one medium stabilization scenario (RCP4.5) and one high‐emission scenario (RCP8.5) for projecting the extreme rainfall indices. A multi‐model ensemble mean was generated using the BMA approach. The BMA mean is a weighted average related to each RCM's predictive skill during the training period. Most of the rainfall extremes are expected to increase in both pre‐monsoon (March–May) and monsoon (June–September) seasons in the future compared with baseline (1976–2005). The average pre‐monsoon rainfall of the study area is projected to increase by 12.93 and 18.42% under RCP4.5 and 18.18 and 23.85% under RCP8.5 for the periods 2041–2070 and 2071–2099, respectively. The average monsoon rainfall of the study area is projected to increase by 4.96 and 2.27% under RCP4.5 and 6.56 and 6.40% under RCP8.5 for the periods 2041–2070 and 2071–2099, respectively. All the extreme indices except consecutive wet day are expected to change significantly at the 95% confidence level during the pre‐monsoon season. The study area will potentially be subjected to more frequent floods in the future both in pre‐monsoon and monsoon seasons as a consequence of climate change. Notably, the intensity and the magnitude of flash flooding in the pre‐monsoon season are expected to increase more in the future because the increase in extreme indices is more significant during that season.
Vertical variation and temporal trends of extreme precipitation indices in a complex topographical watershed in the Hengduan Mountain Region, China
Authors: Guo Qiankun , Cheng Shiyue , Qin Wei , Ning Duihu , Shan Zhijie , Yin Zhe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpatial–temporal trends of extreme precipitation have great impacts on disaster risks, and relevant studies usually receive much attention. In China, spatial–temporal trends have been analysed in numerous studies based on daily rainfall data; however, the densities of rain gauges in many studies were relatively low, and the effects of complex topography on extreme precipitation were usually not considered, which have lowered the reliability and accuracy of the reported results. In this study, several widely used extreme precipitation indices were chosen, and the spatial–temporal trends of a typical watershed in the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China, the Longchuanjiang watershed, were analysed using the Mann–Kendall trend analysis based on daily rainfall data. The effect of elevation on the extreme precipitation indices based on the high‐intensity rain gauges and the effect of elevation on the temporal trends of extreme precipitation indices were analysed, which have rarely been reported. The results indicated that: (a) significant positive correlations with elevation were reported for annual precipitation and most of the extreme precipitation indices, including PRCPTOT, Rx5day, R95P, R99P, RD, SDII, and CWD, while significant negative correlations were reported for CDD; the relationships between SDII and Rx1day were not significant with elevation; (b) the density of rain gauges in the regions with complex topography can have great impacts on the results; and (c) no significant correlation between the elevation and the temporal trends of extreme precipitation indices were reported. This study highlights the effects of the density of rain gauges and elevation, or topographical factors on the spatial distribution and temporal trends of extreme precipitation indices, which has rarely been reported in previous studies, implying that such effects should be fully taken into consideration in the relevant studies in the future.
Quantitative analysis on the microstructure of molten binary KF‐AlF3 system by in situ Raman spectroscopy assisted with first principles method
Authors: Ma Nan , You Jinglin , Lu Liming , Xie Yingfang , Wan Songming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to help predict the properties of molten salts electrolytes and aluminium brazing flux used in the Hall–Héroult process and in aluminium brazing, the microstructure of binary KF‐AlF3 system from 298 K to its molten states was explored by in situ high‐temperature Raman spectroscopy in argon atmosphere. Comparing with experimental Raman spectra in molten system, quantum chemistry ab initio simulations were used to calculate the symmetric stretching vibrational modes of probable clusters in the melts. The molten KF‐AlF3 system was found to comprise monomer [AlF6]3−, [AlF5]2−, [AlF4]−, and dimer [Al2F7]− clusters. With the increase of KF content in the melts, the major species changes from [AlF4]− tetrahedra to [AlF6]3− octahedra. From the deconvoluted measured Raman spectra, the mole fractions of varied clusters in the system were also calculated. As the KF:AlF3 ratio was increased from 1 to 3, the content of [AlF6]3− in the melt increased from 22.30 to 98.83 mol%, whereas the [AlF4]− content decreased from 68.92 to 0.33 mol%. [AlF5]2− and [Al2F7]− clusters were also found in small amounts in the melts.
Simultaneous quantification of atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside in rat plasma by LC‐MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Xanthii Fructus extract
Authors: Pan Hong , Yang Feng , Xiang Daiyuan , Shi Fuguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractXanthii Fructus is extensively used as an herbal medicine. Ingestion of this herb is associated with severe hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside are two dominative toxic constituents in Xanthii Fructus. However, their pharmacokinetic study is lacking. In this study, a novel high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to simultaneously quantify the rat plasma concentrations of atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside. After protein precipitation, the analytes were chromatographic separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus column (2.1 × 150 mm id, 5 µm) under gradient elute. In the negative electrospray ionization mode, the transitions at m/z 725.3→645.4 for atractyloside, m/z 769.3→689.4 for carboxyatractyloside, and m/z 479.2→121.1 for paeoniflorin (the internal standard) were acquired by multiple reaction monitoring. This analytical method showed good linearity over 1–500 ng/mL for atractyloside and 2–500 ng/mL for carboxyatractyloside with acceptable precision and accuracy. No matrix effect, instability and carryover occurred in the analysis procedure. The extraction recoveries were greater than 85.0%. This method was applied to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study by orally administering Xanthii Fructus extract (9 g/kg) to rats, which was useful to evaluate the role of these two compounds in Xanthii Fructus‐induced toxicity.
Fused Bithiophene Imide Oligomer and Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers for n‐Type Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Tang Linjing , Sun Huiliang , Ling Shaohua , Yang Kun , Uddin Mohammad Afsar , Guo Han , Tang Yumin , Wang Yang , Feng Kui , Shi Yongqiang , Liu Juqing , Zhang Shiming , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based copolymers have received considerable attention as promising semiconducting materials for high‐performance organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). However, these polymers typically exhibit p‐type or ambipolar charge‐transporting characteristics in OTFTs due to their high‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. In this work, a new series of DPP‐based n‐type polymers have been developed by incorporating fused bithiophene imide oligomers (BTIn) into DPP polymers. The resulting copolymers BTIn‐DPP show narrow band gaps as low as 1.27 eV and gradually down‐shifted frontier molecular orbital energy levels upon the increment of imide group number. Benefiting from the coplanar backbone conformation, well‐delocalized π‐system, and favorable polymer chain packing, the optimal polymer in the series shows promising n‐type charge transport with an electron mobility up to 0.48 cm2 V−1 s−1 in OTFTs, which is among the highest values for the DPP‐based n‐type polymers reported to date. The results demonstrate that incorporating fused bithiophene imide oligomers into polymers can serve as a promising strategy for constructing high‐performance n‐type polymeric semiconductors.
MicroRNA‐576‐5p enhances the invasion ability of trophoblast cells in preeclampsia by targeting TFAP2A
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Peng Shiyuan , Cui Kun , Hou Fangjuan , Ding Jie , li Ali , Wang Mingxia , Geng Li 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy‐related syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, and a major cause of maternal mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify early biomarkers of PE. The aim of the present study was to identify the functions of miR‐576‐5p in PE.MethodsEffects of miR‐576‐5p and transcription factor AP‐2α (TFAP2A) on invasion of human trophoblast HTR8/SVneo cells were investigated. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blotting were used to assess the expression of miR‐576‐5p, TFAP2A, E‐cad, and Vimentin in PE tissues and cells. Additionally, immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of TFAP2A in PE trophoblastic tissue. Subsequently, constructed miR‐576‐5p mimics, miR‐576‐5p inhibitor, and siRNA‐TFAP2A plasmids were transfected into HTR8/SVneo cells for further experiments, including a CCK‐8 assay for cell proliferation, Transwell assay for cell invasion and the luciferase reporter gene system was employed for target verification.ResultsA lower expression of miR‐576‐5p and a higher expression of TFAP2A were identified in PE rats. E‐cadherin was highly expressed while Vimentin was downregulated. Further statistical analysis indicated that cell proliferation of HTR8/SVneo cells decreased in the miR‐576‐5p inhibitor group and increased in the miR‐576‐5p mimics and siRNA‐TFAP2A groups. miR‐576‐5p inhibitor suppressed cell invasion, and miR‐576‐5p mimics and siRNA‐TFAP2A improved cell invasion. The analysis of luciferase reporter demonstrated a decreased luciferase activity in miR‐576‐5p mimics group compared with control group, which indicates that TFAP2A may be a target of miR‐576‐5p. Interference of TFAP2A could downregulate E‐cadherin and upregulate Vimentin expression.ConclusionOverexpression of miR‐576‐5p and knockdown of TFAP2A may elevate cell proliferation and invasion of human trophoblast cells in vitro. Therefore, miR‐576‐5p may be used as a notable biomarker for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of PE. miR‐576‐5p targeting TFAP2A deserve further investigation in order to explore their potential role in PE.
Confidential genetic testing and electronic health records: A survey of current practices among Huntington disease testing centers
Authors: Eno Celeste C. , Barton Stacey K. , Dorrani Naghmeh , Cederbaum Stephen D. , Deignan Joshua L. , Grody Wayne W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical care teams providing presymptomatic genetic testing often employ advanced confidentiality practices for documentation and result storage. However, patient requests for increased confidentiality may be in conflict with the legal obligations of medical providers to document patient care activities in the electronic health record (EHR). Huntington disease presents a representative case study for investigating the ways centers currently balance the requirements of EHRs with the privacy demands of patients seeking presymptomatic genetic testing.MethodsWe surveyed 23 HD centers (53% response rate) regarding their use of the EHR for presymptomatic HD testing.ResultsOur survey revealed that clinical care teams and laboratories have each developed their own practices, which are cumbersome and often include EHR avoidance. We found that a majority of HD care teams record appointments in the EHR (91%), often using vague notes. Approximately half of the care teams (52%) keep presymptomatic results of out of the EHR.ConclusionAs genetic knowledge grows, linking more genes to late‐onset conditions, institutions will benefit from having professional recommendations to guide development of policies for EHR documentation of presymptomatic genetic results. Policies must be sensitive to the ethical differences and patient demands for presymptomatic genetic testing compared to those undergoing confirmatory genetic testing.