bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encouraging youth engagement in marine protected areas: A survey of best practices in Canada
Authors: Chen Da , Garmulewicz Alysia , Merner Caroline , Elphinstone Cassandra , Leggott Conor , Dewar Heather 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

A holistic approach to stakeholder participation is emerging where youth are increasingly being recognized as core stakeholders in community‐based conservation efforts.
A growing number of youth‐focused marine conservation initiatives and representation at international marine conservation conventions demonstrate that youth are taking an active role in marine conservation worldwide.
This paper surveys current best practices in youth engagement in marine protected areas (MPAs) in Canada, across 10 different engagement strategies. These are: facilitate learning through experiential education; include studies of MPAs in academic and community programmes; utilize multimedia opportunities, including social media, film, website, and apps; provide meaningful volunteer opportunities; deliver professional development sessions for youth initiative building; create youth councils to assist organizations in an advisory role; hire youth for employment in internships, co‐ops and junior positions within organizations; showcase young people as Youth Ambassadors of MPAs; share opportunities through effective outreach and promotion; and, integrate under‐represented perspectives in MPAs.
Recommendations are drawn from the case studies within each engagement strategy. Collectively, they offer insight into the variety of ways the international community can support, highlight and advance youth participation in MPAs.
Marine zoning revisited: How decades of zoning the Great Barrier Reef has evolved as an effective spatial planning approach for marine ecosystem‐based management
Authors: Day Jon C. , Kenchington Richard A. , Tanzer John M. , Cameron Darren S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

For more than 40 years, marine zoning has played a key role while evolving as part of the adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park. The statutory zoning plan provides the primary integrating component that prohibits many threatening activities and manages the impacts of allowed human activities and competing uses by means of various zones, special management areas and other spatial management tools.
How zoning is applied, however, has changed considerably since the first zoning plan was finalized in 1981. Today, zoning is applied in combination with other layers of marine spatial planning; the effective combination of these management tools provides the integrated approach, considered one of the best for managing a large marine protected area.
The zoning plan provides the foundation for management of the GBR and is the fundamental component of the integrated marine spatial planning approach ensuring high levels of protection for significant areas of the GBR, while also allowing ecologically sustainable use.
The paper outlines the legal and managerial contexts of zoning, providing 38 lessons that may be useful for marine zoning and ecosystem‐based management elsewhere. It outlines aspects of zoning that have worked well in the GBR Marine Park and what has changed in the light of experience and changing contexts, and seeks to clarify various misconceptions about zoning and marine spatial planning.
The integrated management approach in the GBR utilizes a variety of spatial planning tools, which complement the underlying zoning; some of these comprise statutory management layers (e.g. designated shipping areas, special management areas, plans of management, fishery management arrangements, Traditional Owner agreements, defence training areas); other layers are non‐statutory (e.g. site plans).
This paper is written for planners, managers and decision‐makers considering the use of zoning to achieve effective marine conservation, protection and ecologically sustainable use.
The higher, the closer, the better? Influence of sampling frequency and distance on the acoustic properties of short‐beaked common dolphins burst pulses in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Papale Elena , Alonge Giuseppe , Caruso Francesco , Grammauta Rosario , Mazzola Salvatore , Mussi Barbara , Pace Daniela S. , Buscaino Giuseppa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

When implementing conservation strategies involving passive acoustic monitoring, an accurate description of signal properties is crucial, especially when studying threatened and elusive vocalizing species. Misrepresentation of detected sounds can result in information loss or misclassification of species, thus compromising the management process.
Distortion of the time–frequency features depends on the characteristics of acoustic propagation through sea water, sensitivity and sampling frequency of the acquisition system and distance between cetacean source and the receiving sensor (hydrophone).
This study examined how the sampling frequency and the distance from the source affect the properties of burst pulsed sounds emitted by short‐beaked common dolphins in the Mediterranean Sea and how the signal is modified in relation to the recording scenarios.
Burst pulses were collected at 300 000 samples/s, and down‐sampled at 192 000, 96 000, 48 000 and 44 100. Fifteen acoustic parameters were automatically measured. The median values were measured and compared among the signals sampled at different rates. Finally, a transmission loss model was applied to explore the variation of the power spectrum density during click propagation through seawater.
The results showed that, even if higher sampling rates are a more accurate match with the original signal, some parameters (number of clicks, inter‐click‐interval and maximum peak) measured at 96 000 and 192 000 Hz did not display significant differences compared with 300 000 Hz, except for the frequency parameters. The transmission loss model also showed that the highest frequency components strongly attenuate within 800 m from the source.
These results suggest that high recording distances and lower sampling rates do not allow an accurate analysis of burst pulsed signals. However, taking into account data storage limitations, recording at the highest frequency is not always required for an accurate description of signals and the outcomes of this study improve the accuracy of passive acoustic monitoring systems, thus enhancing the potential for conservation of short‐beaked common dolphins.
Marine and coastal protected and conserved areas strategy in Brazil: Context, lessons, challenges, finance, participation, new management models, and first results
Authors: Maretti Cláudio C. , Leão Adriana R. , Prates Ana Paula , Simões Eliane , Silva Ricardo B.A. , Ribeiro Kátia T. , Geluda Leonardo , Sampaio Manoel S. , Marques Fernanda F.C. , Lobo Anna C. , de Lima Luís H. , Pacheco Leonardo M. , Manfrinato Warwick A. , Lezama Antônio Q. , Couto Matheus T.P. , Pereira Paula M. , Giasson Moara M. , Carneiro Paulo H.M. , de Oliveira Filho Aldízio L. , Brito Bernardo F.A. , Pompeu Maurício S. , Dutra Guilherme F. , Nottingham Mara C. , Palazzi Giovanna , Hessel Fabiana O. , Lima André L. , Santos Bruna De Vita S. , Medeiros Rodrigo , Oliveira Marcelo M. , Pires Mauro O. , Assad Mônica , Pereira Mariana G. , Kinouchi Marcelo R. , Subirá Rosana J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

In the last two decades, Brazil has advanced significantly with the expansion and improvement of its national system of protected areas. Until recently most of the expansion was concentrated in the Amazon region (with useful lessons). It also had an uneven ecological representation of coastal and marine ecosystems, concentrated in coastal waters. Despite significant advances, the levels of funding, staff and stakeholders' engagement remain relatively low for such a vast system.
Within the past few years, key elements of a new strategy for protection of coastal and marine areas have started to emerge, combined with some participatory processes and a focus on expansion of the total area protected (from <1.5% protection of the country's marine area). These included: a renewed focus on priority areas for conservation; attention to national and international commitments and targets; clarity about the need for partnerships and funding; better engagement of Brazilian society and stakeholders; new, and more collaborative, models of protected areas management and conservation; and openness in the relationships with wider society.
Significant results of this effort have started to appear: new large mosaics of oceanic protected areas were created; Amazon mangroves were recognized by the Ramsar Convention; new mangrove protected areas were created, besides other ones proposed; project proposals are under development with partners for better funding and sharing of responsibility; and there is a better engagement with stakeholders. The building of the Brazilian Blue Initiative is underway.
The implementation of the proposed 15‐year marine strategy is at its onset: partnerships need to be strengthened and substantial funding is required. It will only be possible to manage the larger system of protected areas if there are more collaborative and innovative models for protected areas and conservation management. These should include partnerships with civil society, local and traditional communities and the private sector, as well as greater engagement of scientists and research institutions, stronger and more qualified tourism, volunteer work, etc. Further innovative funding mechanisms will also be needed along the way.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization/Alkynylation Reactions
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Yang Shaorong , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization reactions have witnessed significant improvements in recent years. Among them, palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization/alkynylation are especially attractive, which can assemble structurally diverse monocyclic, bicyclic, fused polycyclic, and spirocyclic skeletons with excellent chemoselectivities. In this Minireview, palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization/alkynylation have been summarized and discussed in detail with focus on oxypalladation and aminopalladation‐initiated cascade cyclization, intramolecular Heck‐type cascade cyclization, carbocyclizations, cascade cyclizations, and other types of cascade cyclization reactions. Some significant and representative synthetic methodologies and their synthetic applications and reaction mechanisms have also been described.
Low mass to intermediate‐mass star‐forming hydrostatic cores in self‐gravitating molecular cloud
Authors: Kumssa Gemechu M. , Tessema Solomon B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we present low mass to intermediate‐mass star‐forming hydrostatic cores in a self‐gravitating molecular cloud. Considering that the gravitational energy released during the collapse is the energy difference between the initial and final conditions. According to the virial theorem half the change in gravitational energy goes into internal energy the other half gets radiated away. However, half the change in gravitational energy is not completely (100%) emitted in the form of radiation. Therefore, we impose a dimensionless thermodynamic efficiency factor ϵ (where 0 < ϵ < 1) and quantify it as . Using these preconditions, we formulate equations of mass, density, and radius for the first hydrostatic core and the second hydrostatic core. The model shows there is a close relationship between the first hydrostatic core properties and the prestellar core properties. Moreover, the first hydrostatic core properties can influence the second hydrostatic core formation.
Genome‐wide association analysis of autism identified multiple loci that have been reported as strong signals for neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Xia Lu , Ou Jianjun , Li Kuokuo , Guo Hui , Hu Zhengmao , Bai Ting , Zhao Jingping , Xia Kun , Zhang Fengyu 
Published: October 2019

Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a moderate to a high degree of heritability, but only a few common genetic variants that explain the heritability have been associated. We performed a genome‐wide transmission disequilibrium test analysis of a newly genotyped autism case–parent triad samples (127 trios) in Han Chinese, identified top association signals at multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs9839376 (OR = 2.59, P = 1.27 × 10−05) at KCNMB2, rs6044680 (OR = 0.319, P = 4.82 × 10−05) and rs7274133 (OR = 0.313, P = 3.22 × 10−05) at PCSK2, and rs310619 (OR = 2.40, P = 7.44 × 10−05) at EEF1A2. Furthermore, a genome‐wide combined P‐value of individual SNPs in two independent case–parent triad samples (total 402 triads, n = 1,206) identified SNPs at EGFLAM, ZDHHC2, AGBL1, and SNX29 as additional association signals for autism. While none of these signals achieved a genome‐wide significance in the two samples of our study, they have been reported in a previous genome‐wide association study of neuropsychiatric disorders, and the majority of these SNP have a significant cis‐regulatory association with mRNA in human tissues (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Our study warrants further study or replication with additional sample for association with autism and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 382–396. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAutism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, heritable, but only a few common genetic variants that explain the heritability have been associated. We conducted a genome‐wide association study with two cohorts of autism case–parent triad samples in Han Chinese and identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms that were reported as strong association signals in a previous genome‐wide association study of other neuropsychiatric disorders or related traits. Our study provides evidence for shared genetic variants among autism and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
30 Jahre BAM‐Zulassung (in der Deponietechnik): material‐ und prüftechnische Entwicklungen
Authors: Müller Werner W. , Simon Franz‐Georg , Wöhlecke Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVor 30 Jahren wurde die erste BAM‐Zulassung für ein Geokunststoffprodukt in der Deponietechnik ausgestellt. Seither wurden immer wieder eigene wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen durchgeführt, neue Forschungsergebnisse herangezogen und die Prüftechnik weiterentwickelt, um die Eignung und Funktionsdauer von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen, Schutzschichten, Kunststoff‐Dränelementen, geotextilen Filtern oder Bewehrungsgittern beurteilen zu können. Einige dieser Entwicklungen werden hier diskutiert.
Highly Elastic Binders Incorporated with Helical Molecules to Improve the Electrochemical Stability of Black Phosphorous Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Lv Zhisheng , Liang Qinghua , Xia Huarong , Zhu Zhiqiang , Zhang Wei , Ge Xiang , Yuan Pei , Yan Qingyu , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBlack phosphorus has aroused attention as an attractive anode for sodium‐ion batteries, because of its high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, its practical application is hindered by the large volume expansion, which results in rapid capacity decay. Herein, we report that this challenge can be addressed by using an elaborately designed binder for the phosphorus‐based electrodes. The incorporation of amylose molecules with helical structures endows the linear polyacrylic acid polymer binders with extraordinary stretchability and elasticity under 400 % strain. When it is applied as a binder for black‐phosphorus‐based anodes for sodium‐ion batteries, the adhesion between the electrode and the current collector is much stronger (2.95 N) than that of the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder based one (1.90 N). The electrode delivered a capacity as high as 1280 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 300 cycles, which is better than the electrode with PVDF binder. Impressively, even after 1000 cycles, the electrode with our binder exhibits a capacity retention of 80 %. Our work sheds light on the significance of the rational design of effective binders and provides a new strategy to further improve the electrochemical performance of phosphorus‐based materials for battery applications, which can be added on directly to other new electrode materials development strategies.
Tunable lanthanide/transition metal ion‐doped novel phosphors for possible application in w‐LEDs: a review
Authors: Tiwari Ashish , Dhoble S.J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLanthanide‐based phosphors have been extensively investigated for their possible applications in solid‐state lighting technologies especially for white‐light‐emitting diodes. In this review article emphasis has been laid on discussing the recent developments of phosphors for warm white‐light production based on various optical characteristics such as quantum efficiency, thermal stability, short emission decay time, long‐term stability, facile synthesis, and low cost of production. We have tried to cover the essential and latest discoveries of the lanthanide/rare earth‐doped phosphors after 2010. New generations of narrow‐band phosphors have also been included. The optical and material properties of several novel phosphors and their luminescence characteristics have been thoroughly discussed.
Can clinical psychology students benefit from brief and intensive mindfulness training?
Authors: Schanche Elisabeth , Vøllestad Jon , Binder Per Einar , Osnes Berge , Visted Endre , Svendsen Julie Lillebostad , Sørensen Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis pilot study examined the impact of mindfulness training on skills relevant for the well‐being and therapeutic functioning of clinical psychology students. Twenty‐five psychology students took part in an intensive mindfulness training programme, consisting of three 2.5‐hr sessions and one all‐day silent retreat. The students filled out self‐report measures of rumination, emotional reactivity to stress, difficulties with emotion regulation, mindfulness and self‐compassion. They also completed two cognitive tests (revised version of the Attention Network Test and a Stroop colour‐word inference task) before and after the course. The students reported significant decreases in rumination (d = 0.75, p = .001), emotional reactivity to stress (d = 0.81, p = .001) and difficulties in emotion regulation (d = 0.57, p = .008). They also reported increased mindfulness (d = 0.93, p = .001) and self‐compassion (d = 0.81, p = .001). On both cognitive performance tests, the students showed an increase in executive control, that is the ability to prioritise among competing thoughts, feelings and responses (ANT, d = 1.48; p = .001; Stroop: d = 0.63; p = .004). The students also showed a moderate increase in cognitive flexibility (d = 0.66; p = .003), measured by Stroop.ConclusionsThe study indicates that it may be beneficial to introduce personal mindfulness practice as a way of preparing novice therapists for their future profession. The findings also support the potential value of including measures of attentional capacities in future studies of psychotherapy training.
Venous access closure using a purse‐string suture without heparin antagonism or additional compression after MitraClip implantation
Authors: Akkaya Ersan , Sözener Korkut , Rixe Johannes , Tsiakou Maria , Souretis Georgios , Chavakis Emmanouil , Meyners Werner , Tanislav Christian , Gündüz Dursun , Erkapic Damir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis observational study was designed to analyze the safety and feasibility of percutaneous skin closure using a purse‐string suture (PSS) after MitraClip procedures.MethodsForty‐one consecutive patients with severe mitral regurgitation who underwent MitraClip implantation from February 2018 to January 2019 at our institution received a PSS after percutaneous mitral valve repair before withdrawal of the 24‐French (Fr) sheath. Protamine was not administered after venous closure at procedure end. No compression therapy (e.g., compression bandage or pneumatic compression device) was used. Patients were on bed rest for 6 hrs prior to suture removal, which was accomplished 18–24 hrs after MitraClip implantation. We analyzed the occurrence of any vascular or thromboembolic complications during the hospital stay and until the 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe primary endpoint—any access‐related major complication—did not occur in any patients. None of the patients revealed a pseudoaneurysm or an arteriovenous fistula, a thromboembolic complication, or local stenosis related to the PSS closure. The secondary endpoint— minor access‐site vascular complications (hematoma)— was documented in six (14.6%) patients.ConclusionsVenous access‐site closure with a PSS without the need for protamine administration or compression therapy appears to be safe and feasible in patients undergoing MitraClip implantation with access via a 24‐Fr sheath.
Successful endovascular isolation of a huge true anterior tibial artery aneurysm by the bi‐directional approach in a young patient
Authors: Ono Shigeshi , Shimogawara Tatsuya , Yamazoe Shinji , Matsui Junichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnterior tibial artery aneurysms (ATAAs) are relatively rare entities. Most ATAAs are pseudoaneurysms resulting from trauma, infection, or iatrogenic injury. We observed a 33‐year‐old woman with a huge true ATAA who did not have any potential cause of pseudoaneurysm or risk factors for atherosclerosis or connective tissue disorder. Endovascular isolation by the bi‐directional approach was successfully performed, and the ATAA was totally excluded from the afferent blood flow. Distal flow of the anterior tibial artery was preserved, and pulsation of the dorsal pedis artery was also well preserved. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and follow‐up ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the ATAA shrinkage.
Short‐time Thermal Oxidation of Ultrathin and Broadband Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Generation
Authors: Mo Zhao , She Xiaojie , Chen Zhigang , Xu Fan , Song Yanhua , Zhu Xingwang , Qian Junchao , Li Huaming , Lei Yucheng , Xu Hui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBroadband light absorption and excellent charge separation/migration efficiency are two important indicators for promising photocatalyst. However, realizing the above two aspects simultaneously is still a challenge. Here, an ultrathin and broadband carbon nitride (UBCN) is synthesized via a short‐time thermal oxidation process. The as‐prepared UBCN exhibits outstanding photocatalytic H2 generation activity (240.60 μmol h−1) under irradiation with λ>400 nm. Moreover, UBCN can work under irradiation with a longer wavelength (λ>500 nm), the corresponding H2 evolution rate is 5.08 μmol h−1, which is 14.8 times higher than that of bulk carbon nitride (Bulk CN). The excellent photocatalytic performance should be credited to the efficient charge separation/migration (the ultrathin structure) and the extended light absorption range. This work provides a simple and convenient strategy to prepare broadband and ultrathin metal‐free photocatalytic materials.