bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and distribution across a large environmental and spatial gradient: Evaluating the taxonomic and functional turnover, transitions and environmental drivers of benthic diatom communities
Authors: Virta Leena , Soininen Janne , Norkko Alf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimGlobal biodiversity loss has raised interest in understanding variation in diversity at different scales. In particular, studies conducted across large spatial gradients are crucial, because they can increase perspectives on how ecological patterns change relative to environmental factors and facilitate predictions of possible responses to environmental change. We explored the full extent of a brackish sea to test the hypotheses that: (a) benthic communities are defined by the limited ranges of species, controlled by varying drivers along a large environmental gradient; (b) the responses of taxonomic and functional community composition and turnover to the environmental gradient are different, thus highlighting the need to include both measures in ecological studies; and (c) diversity reaches the minimum at intermediate salinities (Remane curve) owing to the low adaptation of freshwater and marine species.LocationA large environmental and spatial gradient spanning the entire Swedish coastline (c. 2,300 km; salinity 1.2–27.6), the Baltic Sea.Time periodAugust 2018.Major taxa studiedBenthic diatoms.MethodsWe assessed environmental drivers for the communities and calculated the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity along the gradient. We also compared the taxonomic and functional composition and diversity of communities among areas with different salinity.ResultsWe found support for the hypothesis of limited species ranges, because taxonomic beta diversity, mainly induced by changes in salinity and climate, was high, whereas functional beta diversity remained considerably lower, and the composition and diversity of communities, in addition to environmental drivers controlling the communities, differed between regions with different salinity. The lowest taxonomic diversity was found at intermediate salinities of 5–6.Main conclusionsThese findings advance understanding of large‐scale patterns of benthic diversity, emphasize the importance of large gradient studies for a better understanding of general ecological patterns and highlight the vulnerability of brackish water ecosystems as ecologically important tipping‐point realms.
Regional impact and spillover effect of public infrastructure investment: An empirical study in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Zhang Juanfeng , Zhang Danxia , Li Lele , Zeng Hui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince China's reform and opening up, public infrastructure investments have significantly improved. These investments drive China's long‐term economic growth. Based on panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2006 to 2017, the simultaneous equation models (SEMs) are constructed to explore the regional impact and spillover effect of infrastructures with resolving endogenous problems. Public infrastructure investment remains to have a systemic effect on household income, urban population, and land prices in certain regions. In certain region, the estimated coefficients of public infrastructure investment are consistent with expectations and significant, which are 0.523, 0.142, and 0.781 with three‐stage least squares method. And the endogenous variables also affect public infrastructure investment. But, the coefficient of the spatial term is −0.019, negative and not significant. The cross‐regional spillover effect of public infrastructure investment is nonsignificant using the generalized spatial three‐stage least squares method.
The entrepreneurial ecosystem of cultural and creative industries in Porto: A sub‐ecosystem approach
Authors: Loots Ellen , Neiva Miguel , Carvalho Luís , Lavanga Mariangela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is still a matter of dispute whether entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) frameworks can be confined to a single industry in isolation, let alone whether such a sub‐ecosystem approach can be employed in a domain that is distinct from the high‐growth industries usually scrutinised in the literature. This article seeks to apply a systemic and dynamic EE perspective to the development of cultural and creative industries (CCIs) within an urban context, with a particular focus on how urban development interacts with the sub‐ecosystem of this sector over time. An in‐depth case study in the city of Porto (Portugal) revealed that existing EE frameworks are well‐suited to research on creative sub‐ecosystems. It also enabled us to flesh out associations with other entrepreneurial activities and policy domains within the city. We highlight the prominent roles of local culture and policies when the context is resource‐constrained: policy led to an upward, positive spiral that moved Porto’s EE in relation to CCIs into a growth stage, during which it began to interact with, and faced resource competition from, high‐tech entrepreneurship. We argue that having an integrated view of the dynamics of entrepreneurial sub‐ecosystems and urban affairs can improve what is understood of productivity and causality in entrepreneurship.
Simple Resistivity Probe System for Real‐Time Monitoring of Injected Reagents
Authors: Stevenson David , Solano Felipe , Wei Yunxiao , Thomson Neil R. , Barker James F. , Devlin J. F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn situ treatment usually requires contact between an injected reagent and target contaminant to realize mass removal from source zones and plumes. Despite significant site characterization efforts, unknown heterogeneities that exist at all spatial scales often hinder prediction of the distribution of injected reagents. To provide remediation practitioners with additional information on the distribution of injected reagents, a prototype real‐time monitoring probe was designed and tested. This new probe comprises a two‐wire resistivity circuit, hence the designation dipole resistivity probe (DRP). The low‐cost DRPs were built to be attached as arrays to a central stalk, and installed by direct‐push techniques. An installed network of multilevel DRPs can be used to detect the arrival, persistence, and relative concentration of a high‐conductivity reagent solution in real‐time across a zone of interest. Static cell and sandbox experiments were conducted to test and refine the DRP design before field testing. Static cell experimental results indicated that the DRP was sensitive to solution electrical conductivity (EC), and that the probe response and EC relationship is nonlinear and dependent on the fixed resistor used. The choice of fixed resistor can be adjusted to optimize the DRP response over a critical EC range of interest. Under dynamic conditions in the sandbox, the DRP was able to reproduce breakthrough profiles collected by a commercial EC sensor. The results from two field studies demonstrated the utility of the DRPs to generate information regarding the arrival and persistence of reagents in an efficient and cost‐effective manner. The first field study used a network of DRPs to monitor the land application of a sodium sulfate solution, and the second field study employed DRPs to monitor the distribution and longevity of a persulfate solution. While additional field testing is warranted, the results presented are encouraging and suggest that this low‐cost system can be used to improve our understanding of the detailed migration of injected reagents in treatment zones.
Review: Diagnosis ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection
Authors: Godbole Gauri , Mégraud Francis , Bessède Emilie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNew imaging techniques are still the topic of many evaluations for both the diagnosis ofHelicobacter pylorigastritis and the detection of early gastric cancer. Concerning invasive tests, there were studies on the reuse of the rapid urease test material for other tests, and a novel fluorescent method to be used for histology but with limited sensitivity. Progress occurred essentially in the molecular methods area, especially next‐generation sequencing which is applied to detect bothH pyloriand the mutations associated with antibiotic resistance. For non‐invasive tests, a few studies have been published on the validity of breath collection bags, the shortening of the testing time, the performance of different analysers or the added value of citric acid in the protocol. The accuracy of serological immunochromatographic tests is also improving. Multiplex serology detecting antibodies to certain proteins allows confirmation of a current infection. Dried blood spots can be used to collect and store blood without a loss of accuracy. Finally, the serum antibody titer can be useful in predicting the risk of gastric cancer. Several stool antigen tests were evaluated with good results, and a novel test using immunomagnetic beads coated with monoclonal antibodies is potentially interesting. PCR detection in stools can also be effective but needs an efficient DNA extraction method. The use of easyMAG®(bioMérieux) combined with Amplidiag®H pylori + ClariR (Mobidiag) appears to be powerful.
Exploring motivations of a master's degree pursuit in Hong Kong
Authors: Jung Jisun , Li Xiaoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study explores student motivation to pursue a master's degree. It also explores how motivation differs based on the students' background, such as his or her study mode or place of origin. Qualitative data were collected through seventy semi‐structured interviews of master's students in various programmes in Hong Kong. The results of this study show that there are two main motivations for pursuing the master's degree in current economic and social conditions: intrinsic motivation towards growth and extrinsic motivation to satisfy deficiencies. The paper argues that students decided to pursue a master's degree because of the interplay of different motivations, the patterns of which differed according to the students' particular characteristics. The study's findings expand our understanding of the heterogeneity of current students' backgrounds and their diverse demands for masters‐level education. The implications of these motivations are proposed for further discussion.
Geochemical description and sulfur isotope data for Shahrak intrusive body and related Fe‐mineralization (east Takab), northwest Iran
Authors: Sepahi Ali A. , Ghoreishvandi Hamid , Maanijou Mohammad , Maruoka Teruyuki , Vahidpour Hamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Shahrak intrusive body (SIB) occurs at the intersection of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Volcanic Belt and the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt in northwest Iran. This intrusive body consists of granodiorite, monzonite, monzodiorite, and monzogabbro, that intruded Oligo‐Miocene sedimentary units and Cretaceous and Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Iron mineralization has occurred as magnetite skarn with hematite and pyrite in calcareous units at the contact with the SIB. The Rb–Sr age dating shows that the age of the SIB is about 24.9 Ma (Chattian). Whole rock geochemical studies indicate that the magma has calc‐alkaline to high‐K calc‐alkaline affinities and is metaluminous. The multi‐elements spider diagrams normalized to chondrite and primitive mantle show significant enrichment of light rare earth element against heavy rare earth element and depletion of Ti, P, Ta, and Nb, indicating characteristic features of the volcanic arc rocks in a subduction setting. Furthermore, the various types of tectonomagmatic diagrams show that these rocks are generated in an active continental margin. The parental magma of the rocks probably originated from an enriched mantle on the basis of the geochemistry of the REE elements. The average Sr isotopic composition of the SIB is 87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.706. Therefore, the parent magma of the SIB may be the result of partial melting of enriched mantle or subducted slab contaminated with the continental crust. The sulfur isotope composition of pyrite grains (ave., +5.29 ‰) in the Korkora‐1 iron deposit indicates that the sulfides are formed from magma or due to in situ dissolution and leaching of igneous sources. Dehydration melting of the subducted part of oceanic crust has likely produced the fluids that are necessary for melting of the mantle wedge to produce mafic‐intermediate melts. The generated melts penetrated into the crust, and during their ascent they underwent a little crustal contamination and eventually were emplaced as intrusive bodies comprising gabbrodiorite to granodiorite.
Role of proteoglycans on skin ageing: a review
Authors: Ruiz Martínez M.A. , Peralta Galisteo S. , Castán H. , Morales Hernández M.E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work analyses the role of proteoglycans on skin ageing, influenced by the presence of glycosylated proteins, which exercise diverse functions on the skin. They are essential components that restore the cells, providing hydration, maintaining hydration of the extracellular matrix, preventing the formation of wrinkles thanks to their ability to combine to other molecules such as collagen or hyaluronic acid and favouring the smoothness of the skin texture. The use of these proteins is a very recent and promising topic, since their application may revolutionize skin ageing therapies. Of the existing proteoglycans, decorin, versican and perlecan are of special note, playing a fundamental role on skin.
Evaluation of the regenerative potential of dentin conditioning and naturally derived scaffold for necrotic immature permanent teeth in a dog model
Authors: El Halaby Hisham M. , Abu‐Seida Ashraf M. , Fawzy Mervat I. , Farid Mona H. , Bastawy Hagar A. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis study evaluated the outcome of partial exposure of dentin matrix to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and application of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) scaffold on regeneration of necrotic immature permanent teeth in a dog model. The present study was carried out on 216 permanent immature roots in nine mongrel dogs aged 6‐9 months. Pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis were induced in 180 roots. These roots were divided into five equal groups (36 roots each) according to the treatment protocol: group I: blood clot; group II: 17% EDTA solution and blood clot; group III: PRF; group IV: 17% EDTA solution and PRF; and group V: without treatment (positive control). The negative control group (group VI) represented 36 untouched normal roots for normal maturation. The groups were followed up for 1, 2 and 3 months (subgroups). Maturation of the roots was monitored by radiography and histopathology. All data were statistically analysed. Group IV exhibited the highest increase in root length and thickness, decrease in apical diameter, the highest score of vital tissue infiltration and least inflammatory scores. There was a significant difference regarding the increase in root length and thickness and decrease in apical diameter in all subgroups of the experimental and negative control groups (P ≤ .05). PRF has a better regenerative potential than the blood clot during treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp. Inclusion of 17% EDTA solution as a final irrigation enhances the regenerative potential of both PRF and blood clot.
Patient literacy and awareness of medicine safety
Authors: See Marissa , Butcher Belinda E , Banh Alex 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess public understanding of medicine safety, approach to risks and preferences in accessing safety information.MethodsQualitative data were obtained from an online survey (n = 1079) covering four major themes around side effects and risks of medicines: willingness to accept side effects of medications, information seeking, sufficiency of information and understanding pharmacovigilance process. Comparisons were made for age, gender and social/financial status.Key findingsMost respondents acknowledged medications were associated with side effects. If side effects were experienced, most (73%) would seek advice from their doctor or pharmacist. Four in 10 respondents felt doctors and pharmacists do not provide sufficient information about medications, even though many (47%) relied on their doctor to provide this. Although 51% felt that pharmaceutical companies were already providing enough information to patients, 95% responded that extra effort could still be made. Two-thirds of the respondents felt it was the companies’ responsibility to educate doctors and pharmacists so they could pass the information on, even though younger respondents preferred direct communication to patients compared to older respondents (&lt;24 years, 36% versus &gt;65 years, 10%; P &lt; 0.001). Men were more willing to accept risks, while women were more likely to seek information about their medicines. Understanding of the role of pharmaceutical companies and government in maintaining the safety of medicines was generally poor.ConclusionsThere is an ongoing need for consumer education regarding medicine safety. Doctors and pharmacists remain the more trusted source of information. Pharmaceutical companies play an important role in ensuring such information is both accessible and accurate.
A Latent State‐Trait analysis of global self‐esteem: A reconsideration of its state‐like component in an organizational setting
Authors: Perinelli Enrico , Alessandri Guido 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we addressed the relevance of the state‐trait variance decomposition of global self‐esteem (GSE) in organizational research. We used a longitudinal sample of 393 military cadets followed for 2 years (nT2 = 376) and adopted Latent Curve—Latent State‐Trait models for separating stable and transient factors in GSE and in three work‐related variables (e.g., work engagement, affective commitment, in‐role/extra‐role performance). Although literature often considered GSE a trait‐like variable, our results showed that it has a significant state variance that positively covaried with the state components of all three work‐related variables included in our study. Thus, we suggest rejecting the rigid separation between “state‐constructs” and “trait‐constructs”, and recommend a paradigm that focuses on the trait and state components of each psychological construct.
Long‐term administration of alpha‐1 blocker can reverse the micturition pattern in a bladder outlet obstruction murine model
Authors: Kitta Takeya , Chiba Hiroki , Kanno‐Kakibuchi Yukiko , Hattori Tsuyoshi , Higuchi Madoka , Ouchi Mifuka , Togo Mio , Abe‐Takahashi Yui , Michishita Mai , Kitano Tatsuya , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of chronic administration of an alpha‐1 blocker on micturition patterns in long‐term partial bladder outlet obstruction.MethodsMice were divided into three groups: a normal group, in which animals were fed a standard diet; a partial bladder outlet obstruction group, in which the proximal urethra was tied and animals were fed a standard diet; and a partial bladder outlet obstruction + naftopidil group, in which the proximal urethra was tied and animals were fed a standard diet containing naftopidil. Micturition behavior was evaluated in all groups for 6 months after partial bladder outlet obstruction surgery. The parameters evaluated included voided volume, time per void, urination frequency and total urine volume. Quantitative assessment of gene expression was also carried out.ResultsTotal urine volume, as well as total and average voided volume during night, was significantly decreased in partial bladder outlet obstruction + naftopidil mice compared with partial bladder outlet obstruction animals. The levels of transcripts encoding 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2A and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 were significantly decreased in the partial bladder outlet obstruction + naftopidil group compared with the partial bladder outlet obstruction group.ConclusionsLong‐term administration of an alpha‐1 blocker seems to reverse the disturbance of the micturition pattern caused by partial bladder outlet obstruction. Mechanistically, this effect might be mediated by changes in the expression of a serotonin receptor and/or in the activity of the fibrogenesis pathway.
MicroRNA‐423‐5p as a biomarker for early diagnosis and outcome prediction of acute kidney injury in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Liu Jiaolei , Li Xin , Wang Lin , Yu Huining , Huang Jiaohong , Liu Qingjun , Wang Chao , Jiang Aili 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical significance of serum and urinary microRNA‐423‐5p in the prediction of acute kidney injury onset and survival in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.MethodsA total of 180 acute decompensated heart failure patients, including 57 acute kidney injury cases and 123 non‐acute kidney injury cases, were included in this study. Serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, a biomarker of renal injury of acute kidney injury, was detected using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of microRNA‐423‐5p in serum and urine samples was examined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The clinical significance of microRNA‐423‐5p was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsThe levels of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and microRNA‐423‐5p in serum and urine samples were elevated in patients with acute kidney injury compared with the non‐acute kidney injury cases (all P < 0.05). Serum and urinary microRNA‐423‐5p had relatively high predictive performance for acute kidney injury onset in acute decompensated heart failure patients, and this predictive value was more significant when combined with urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin. In addition, serum and urinary elevated levels of microRNA‐423‐5p predicted a poor 180‐day survival in the acute kidney injury group.ConclusionIncreased serum and urinary microRNA‐423‐5p can predict the occurrence of acute kidney injury in acute decompensated heart failure patients, and is associated with poor survival of acute kidney injury patients. In addition, the diagnostic value of urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin for the early screening of acute kidney injury from acute decompensated heart failure patients might be improved by considering the changes in urinary microRNA‐423‐5p.