bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trend analysis of evapotranspiration over Iran based on NEX‐GDDP high‐resolution dataset
Authors: Ghalami Vahid , Saghafian Bahram , Raziei Tayeb 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEstimation of evapotranspiration, representing a highly sensitive variable to global warming, is often required in water resources and agricultural studies. This study explores the possible effects of climate change on evapotranspiration (ETo) across Iran. The ETo was computed using the Penman‐Monteith Temperature (PMT) method that requires only minimum and maximum temperature (Tmin and Tmax), provided by the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections dataset (NEX‐GDDP) with a 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution. Accuracy of the NEX‐GDDP Tmin and Tmax were evaluated against ground truth observations at 41 synoptic weather stations distributed across the country using a set of statistical measures, including the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). Similarly, the PMT estimated evapotranspiration based on the NEX‐GDDP Tmin and Tmax (ETo‐GDDP) were statistically evaluated against the ETo computed with observed variables at selected stations (ETo‐obs). Then, at each grid cell, the 45‐years ETo‐GDDP time series was partitioned into three 15‐years subperiods such that the differences between three subperiods were computed and inter‐compared. Furthermore, annual, seasonal, and monthly ETo time series trends of each cell were evaluated using the Mann–Kendall trend test (MK) while the corresponding change rates were estimated using Theil–Sen's slope estimator (TSSE). The results demonstrated a good agreement between ETo‐GDDP and ETo‐obs with R2 greater than 0.8 and NSE greater than 0.7 in 90.2% and 65.8% of the stations, respectively. The maps of differences between the three subperiods showed negligible changes in ETo between 1975–1990 and 1950–1975 subperiods. The spatial patterns of annual and seasonal MK statistics showed a significant increasing trend in most parts of Iran. On seasonal scale, the highest and lowest ETo changes were observed in spring (0.00035–0.0045) and in autumn (0.0005–0.0015), respectively.
Fisher Shannon analysis of drought/wetness episodes along a rainfall gradient in Northeast Brazil
Authors: da Silva Antonio Samuel Alves , Menezes Rômulo Simões Cezar , Telesca Luciano , Stosic Borko , Stosic Tatijana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe applied the informational approach of the Fisher‐Shannon method to study the time series of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) derived from monthly rainfall data at 133 gauging stations in Northeast (NE) Brazil. The climate in the study region ranges from tropical humid in the coastal area Zona de Mata to tropical semiarid inland Sertão, passing through a sub‐humid transition region Agreste. The time span is from 1962 to 2012, and SPI was calculated for 1, 3, 6, and 12 ‐ month time scales. We calculate information quantifiers Shannon entropy power (SEP) and Fisher information measure (FIM) that quantify signal disorder and structural organization, respectively, and define its position in the Fisher Shannon plane (FS). We find that the SPI‐1 series that describes short term dry/wet conditions display a higher degree of organization (higher FIM) and a lower degree of disorder (lower SEP) than SPI's that describe medium and long term conditions (SPI‐3, SPI‐6, and SPI‐12). By analysing the spatial distribution of information quantifiers, we find that short term dry/wet conditions (SPI‐1) show the lowest disorder and highest organization degree in the deep inland Sertão region and highest disorder and lowest organization degree in the coastal Zona de Mata region, while long term conditions (SPI‐12) show the opposite trend. For medium‐term conditions (SPI‐3 and SPI‐6), the SEP is highest and FIM lowest in the transition sub‐humid Agreste region. Our findings indicate that information theory‐based methods, particularly FS have the potential to discriminate among different climatic regimes.
Three‐dimensional kinematic analysis of dislocation mechanism in dual mobility total hip arthroplasty constructs
Authors: Klemt Christian , Bounajem Georges , Tirumala Venkatsaiakhil , Xiong Liang , Padmanabha Anand , Kwon Young‐Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDual mobility (DM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with reduced dislocation rates; however, the kinematic mechanism of dislocation in DM THA constructs is still not well understood. This study hypothesizes that the difference in kinematics between DM THA and conventional THA designs contributes to reduced dislocation rates of DM THA. In addition, this study aims to quantify and compare those kinematic parameters between DM THA and conventional THA using a validated dual fluoroscopy imaging system (DFIS) and finite element (FE) modelling. Fresh frozen cadavers were measured to compare the impingement‐free range of motion and provocative subluxation kinematics among three THA constructs: (1) DM, (2) constrained liner (CS), and (3) 36 mm head diameter neutral liner (NL). The DFIS was used to measure the in vitro kinematics of the hip. Subject‐specific FE models were developed to assess the horizontal dislocation distance and resistive torque at dislocation. The DM construct head exhibited increased provocative anterior and posterior subluxation range of motion before dislocation when compared to CS constructs (p = .05; p = .03), as well as NL constructs (p = .05). The DM THA showed a significantly larger posterior horizontal dislocation distance, as well as smaller resistive torque at dislocation, when compared to NL (p = .05; p = .03) and CS constructs (p = .04; p = .01). Our findings demonstrate there was increased provocative subluxation range of motion as well as normalized jump distance for the DM constructs compared to the NL and CS constructs, suggesting the DM THA may provide increased stability hip during at‐risk functional hip positions.
Rational design of specific ligands for human serum albumin separation and applications
Authors: Ge Cheng‐Tong , Cai Qing‐Yun , Zhang Qi‐Lei , Chu Wen‐Ning , Yao Shan‐Jing , Lin Dong‐Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman serum albumin is widely used in clinical practice, and the development of new ligands with high affinity is beneficial to improve its separation efficiency. The Site II of human serum albumin is an active binding site of various molecules such as l‐tryptophan, which was studied with molecular simulation to obtain insights for the design of new ligands. The results showed that the carboxyl and indolyl groups of l‐tryptophan were critical for the binding on Site II. Seven ligands containing carboxyl groups and indolyl groups were designed, and molecular simulation showed that indole‐3‐pentanoic acid was the best ligand. A new ligand combined indole‐3‐acetic acid and cysteine was designed for easier resin preparation, and molecular simulation also indicated that the new ligand bound strongly to Site II. Resins with the new ligand designed was prepared and static adsorption experiments indicated that the new resin had high adsorption capacity of human serum albumin and strong salt tolerance. Finally, recombinant human serum albumin was separated from yeast broth with high purity of 90.4% and recovery of 94.2%, which indicated that the new resin had good adsorption selectivity and strong potential for applications.
Russell's typicality as another randomness notion
Authors: Tzouvaras Athanassios 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe reformulate slightly Russell's notion of typicality, so as to eliminate its circularity and make it applicable to elements of any first‐order structure. We argue that the notion parallels Martin‐Löf (ML) randomness, in the sense that it uses definable sets in place of computable ones and sets of “small” cardinality (i.e., strictly smaller than that of the structure domain) in place of measure zero sets. It is shown that if the domain M satisfies , then there exist typical elements and only non‐typical ones. In particular this is true for the standard model of second‐order arithmetic. By allowing parameters in the defining formulas, we are led to relative typicality, which satisfies most of van Lambalgen's axioms for relative randomness. However van Lambalgen's theorem is false for relative typicality. The class of typical reals is incomparable (with respect to ⊆) with the classes of ML‐random, Schnorr random and computably random reals. Also the class of typical reals is closed under Turing degrees and under the jump operation (both ways).
Brain 5‐HT1A Receptor Binding in Multiple System Atrophy: An [18F]‐MPPF PET Study
Authors: Meyer Marie , Lamare Frédéric , Asselineau Julien , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Mazère Joachim , Zanotti‐Fregonara Paolo , Rizzo Gaia , Delamarre Anna , Spampinato Umberto , Rascol Olivier , Pavy‐Le Traon Anne , Tison François , Fernandez Philippe , Sibon Igor , Meissner Wassilios G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLoss of medullary serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) neurons has been linked to respiratory disturbances in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Broader 5‐hydroxytryptamine dysfunction may contribute to additional motor/nonmotor symptoms in MSA. The objective of this study was to compare brain 5‐hydroxytryptamine1A receptor binding between MSA and healthy controls. Secondary objectives were to compare 5‐hydroxytryptamine1A receptor binding between MSA and Parkinson's disease (PD) and to assess potential associations with motor/nonmotor symptoms in MSA.Methods2′‐Methoxyphenyl‐(N‐2′‐pyridinyl)‐p‐18F‐fluoro‐benzamidoethylpiperazine positron emission tomography was performed in matched MSA patients (n = 16), PD patients (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 18).Results2′‐Methoxyphenyl‐(N‐2′‐pyridinyl)‐p‐18F‐fluoro‐benzamidoethylpiperazine distribution volume ratios were lower in MSA patients versus healthy controls in several brain regions including the caudate, raphe nuclei, thalamus, and brain stem. Distribution volume ratios were also lower in brain stem and amygdala in MSA versus PD. Moderate associations were found between 2′‐methoxyphenyl‐(N‐2′‐pyridinyl)‐p‐18F‐fluoro‐benzamidoethylpiperazine distribution volume ratios and fatigue, pain, and apathy in MSA.ConclusionOur results demonstrate 5‐hydroxytryptamine dysfunction in several brain regions in MSA, which may contribute to fatigue, pain, and apathy. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Non‐invasive technologies for diagnostics of orthopaedic implant fixation
Authors: Hosseini Sara , Claramunt Rafael , Ros Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne of the most important human intervention is a total hip replacement (THR) that has the goal of pain relief and performance restoration. From early 1960, THR comes a long way and now more than one million patients all around the world every year have THR. Against all these facts, 4%–10% of all THR are failed mostly due to loosening. Precise and fast detection is vital for both surgeons and patients. The diagnosis approaches are generally classified into two groups: conventional non‐imaging and imaging approaches. Imaging approaches are the most widely used because they are most cost‐effective, convenient and available. However, some shortcomings are obvious in the conventional imaging methods of diagnosing prosthesis loosening. Consequently, new techniques have been further developed and recommended based on non‐destructive analysis such as vibrometery, telemetry and acoustic.
Dietary Squalene Induces Cytochromes Cyp2b10 and Cyp2c55 Independently of Sex, Dose, and Diet in Several Mouse Models
Authors: Gabás‐Rivera Clara , Jurado‐Ruiz Enrique , Sánchez‐Ortiz Araceli , Romanos Eduardo , Martínez‐Beamonte Roberto , Navarro María A. , Surra Joaquín C. , Arnal Carmen , Rodríguez‐Yoldi María J. , Andrés‐Lacueva Cristina , Osada Jesús 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScope: To investigate the effects of squalene, the main hydrocarbon present in extra virgin olive oil, on liver transcriptome in different animal models and to test the influence of sex on this action and its relationship with hepatic lipids.Methods and Results: To this purpose, male C57BL/6J Apoe‐deficient mice are fed a purified Western diet with or without squalene during 11 weeks and hepatic squalene content is assessed, so are hepatic lipids and lipid droplets. Hepatic transcriptomic changes are studied and confirmed by RT‐qPCR. Dietary characteristics and influence of squalene doses are tested in Apoe‐deficient on purified chow diets with or without squalene. These diets are also given to Apoa1 and wild‐type mice on C57BL/6J background and to C57BL/6J xOla129 Apoe‐deficient mice. Squalene supplementation increases its hepatic content without differences among sexes and hormonal status. The Cyp2b10 and Cyp2c55 gene expressions are significantly up‐regulated by the squalene intake in all models, with independence of sex, sexual hormones, dietary fat content, genetic background and dose, and in Apoe‐deficient mice consuming extra‐virgin olive oil.Conclusion: Hepatic squalene increases the expression of these cytochromes and their changes in virgin olive oil diets may be due to their squalene content.
Assessment of transcultural psychotherapy to treat resistant major depressive disorder in children and adolescents from migrant families: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial using mixed method and Bayesian approaches
Authors: Lachal Jonathan , Moro Marie Rose , Carretier Emilie , Simon Amalini , Barry Caroline , Falissard Bruno , Rouquette Alexandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesCultural variations complicate psychiatric care, especially for migrant children. Transcultural psychotherapy (TCP) is an original psychotherapeutic technique developed to address complex situations of resistant mental disorders in the context of migration. This research will aim to assess the efficacy, the acceptability, and describe the therapeutic processes of TCP for the treatment of depression in first or second generation of migration children and adolescents.MethodMixed method study using a multicenter, Bayesian randomized clinical trial with blinded evaluation of the primary outcome. Two parallel groups of 40 children or adolescents from 6 to 20 years old and their family will be included. In the experimental group, patients will attend six sessions of transcultural therapy in addition to usual care.ResultsThe improved Clinical Global Impression scale scores at 6 months will be compared across groups. Qualitative analysis of families and therapists' interviews will allow to specify the therapeutic processes and acceptability of the therapy.ConclusionThe findings will encourage the development and routinization of TCP for second‐line use and its adaption as a first‐line technique in this population.
Efficient algorithms for finding 2‐medians of a tree
Authors: Oudjit Aissa , Stallmann Matthias F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe p‐median problem for networks is NP‐hard, but polynomial time algorithms exist for trees (n is the number of nodes): O(pn2) by Tamir, and O(n lgp + 2 n) by Benkoczi and Bhattacharya. Goldman gave an O(n) algorithm for the 1‐median problem on trees. Mirchandani and Oudjit proved localization properties for 2‐medians on trees; these were later used to obtain an O(nlg n) bound, and, in special cases, O(n) . We present a framework that unifies all efficient algorithms for the 2‐median problem on trees. Our framework isolates the nonlinear part of the computation so that future time‐bound improvements are easily incorporated. We also introduce a method for reducing the search space, improving all known runtimes in many instances. Finally, we give a new algorithm for the case where edge lengths are positive integers. The associated time bound is O(n  +  D) , where D is the sum of the logarithms of edge lengths. This is O(n) if edge lengths are bounded by a constant and O(n lglg n) if they are O(lg n) . The algorithm is flexible enough to extend to noninteger edge lengths, preserving the time bound in some circumstances.
Public service ethics, values and spirituality in developing and transitional countries: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Hossain Farhad , Kumasey Anthony Sumnaya , Rees Christopher J. , Mamman Aminu 
Published: September 2020

SummaryConcerns over the unethical conduct of leaders and public officials have led to the renaissance of interest in public service ethics and values. Although national and organizational systems and structures have been instituted to either eradicate or ameliorate unethical behaviours in the public service of countries, the practice still persists with devastating consequences. As one way forward, spirituality has been touted as having the potential of stimulating the moral thoughts of individuals who are dealing with ethical issues, thereby reducing unethical behaviour and generating positive organizational behaviour. Drawing from the perspectives of developing and transitional countries, this special issue empirically examines the extent to which ethics, values and spirituality can reduce unethical behaviours.
Optimization of wheat‐straw‐extracted cellulose via response surface methodology and mechanical properties of its poly(lactide)‐based biocomposites
Authors: Qasim Umair , Ali Muzaffar , Usman Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn view of environmental footprints and growing demand for green energy materials, employing biomass by eliminating lignin and hemicellulose has been topic of recent interests due to their applications in food packaging, textile, automobile, and polymer industries. Herein, we report on optimization of the cellulose extraction (removal of lignin and hemicellulose) from agro‐waste (wheat straw) by the response surface methodology (RSM), where, the Box Behnken Design has been implemented to study the effect of sodium hydroxide/sodium hypochlorite amount, temperature, and time on the extraction process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction study, and thermal degradation analysis indicate the successful isolation of cellulose with maximum (56%) removal of hemicellulose and lignin under optimal conditions. Furthermore, nano‐indenter analysis and tensile strength have been examined for cellulose/poly(lactide) biocomposites at different wt.% of cellulose, which indicated better tensile strength (28.15 MPa), tensile modulus (2430.24 MPa), and elongation at break (1.89%) as compared to intrinsic poly(lactide). Such studies on the cellulose extraction with optimized conditions and their mechanically stable biocomposites will pave the way for their utilization in polymer industrial applications.
Ternary silicone dielectric elastomer micro‐nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and electromechanical properties
Authors: Han Mengmeng , Liu Ling , Yuan Jinming , Zhang Liqun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, ternary silicone dielectric elastomer micro‐nanocomposites were prepared by mixing barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles or 3‐mercaptopropylethoxy‐bis(tridecyl‐pentaethoxy‐siloxane) (Si747)‐modified BT (BT‐Si747) with hexagonal boron nitride (BN) microplatelets into methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVSR). BN platelets as physical barriers improve the dispersion of BT nanoparticles, so the MVSR/BT/BN composites achieve the higher electric breakdown field. The Si747 in MVSR/BT‐Si747/BN composites can be grafted on BT nanoparticles surface while the mercapto groups of Si747 can react with double bonds of MVSR, which increases interfacial interaction to improve the mechanical property. As a result, the tensile strength and elongation at break of MVSR/30 wt%BT‐Si747/30 wt%BN composite are 3.43 MPa and 2705%, which is 2.4 and 4.4 times as high as the MVSR/30 wt%BT/30 wt%BN composite, respectively. The MVSR/BT‐Si747/BN composites exhibit higher actuation performance under lower electric fields due to simultaneous increase in dielectric constant and decrease in elastic modulus. The MVSR/10 wt%BT‐Si747/10 wt%BN composite obtains an actuated strain of 8.81% at 47.48 kV/mm, which is twice as high as pure MVSR (4.4% at 60.21 kV/mm). The used method in this experiment is simple, effective, and low cost, and prepared ternary micro‐nanocomposites have potential applications in dielectric actuators.
Navigating stormy waters: 10 years of operation of the European Union Regulatory Network Incident Management Plan for Medicines for Human Use
Authors: Santoro Aniello , Caplanusi Irina , Sweeney Fergus , Cappelli Benedicte , Nolan Lorraine , Straus Sabine , Arlett Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe article provides an overview of the European Union Incident Management plan (EU‐IMP) and reviews its first 10 years of operation. It outlines its scope, objectives, triggers, principles, and components.MethodsRecords were extracted from the European Pharmacovigilance Issues Tracking Tool and a separate tracking system for the period August 20, 2009 to August 19, 2019.ResultsDuring the 10 years of observation, 78 incidents were reviewed by the Incident Review Network and addressed through routine measures. Their number has varied throughout the years with a significant decrease after 2012. Incidents mainly covered safety (56%) and quality (34%) issues or a combination thereof (5%). The majority (70%) were notified by EU regulators and involved centrally and nationally authorized product in similar proportions. A referral was recommended as the assessment pathway for 47% of the issues while lines‐to‐take were the most frequent communication measure (the sole measure in 65% cases). Forty‐six per cent of the issues resulted in a variation, whereas 22% resulted in maintenance of the marketing authorization.ConclusionThe EU‐IMP is underpinned by a robust regulatory framework with defined processes and clear roles and responsibilities and offers a platform to coordinate actions and communication at EU level, rapidly pool expertise, minimize duplications, and address public health incidents.
Developing next generation ionic polymer–metal composite materials: perspectives for enabling robotics and biomimetics
Authors: Olsen Zakai J , Kim Kwang J , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present recent advancements in Ionic Polymer‐Metal Composite (IPMC) technology. The current trajectory of the research shows immense promise for a future with highly capable IPMC actuators and sensors being used in a wide range of robotic, soft‐robotic, and biomimetic technologies.. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Manipulating polymer decomposition to alter burn performance in aluminium/poly(vinylidene fluoride) filaments
Authors: Strutton Jared W , Knott Matthew , Bencomo Jose A , Iacono Scott T , Mates Joseph E , Alston Jeffrey R , McCollum Jena M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFilaments composed of aluminium powder and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were produced by melt‐processing to investigate the effect of particle size and loading on decomposition behavior and burn performance. Thermal analysis revealed that nanoscale Al samples decompose PVDF in one step through interactions with the Al particle surface. Microscale samples presented with two distinct decomposition steps: (1) accelerated decomposition through interactions with the Al particle surface and (2) pyrolysis. This behavior occurs due to the drastic change in Al specific surface area. The burn test revealed that the filaments experience a maximum flame speed near the stoichiometric concentration for each fuel size. Although there are variations in decomposition and burn behavior between particle sizes, burn product analysis shows that all melt‐processed filaments result exclusively in AlF3 formation in open‐air burns. This behavior is unique to melt‐processed energetic composites and may provide more insight to binder–particle interactions and the effect on burn properties in energetic composites. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry