bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liraglutide for perioperative management of hyperglycaemia in cardiac surgery patients: a multicentre randomized superiority trial
Authors: Hulst Abraham H. , Visscher Maarten J. , Godfried Marc B. , Thiel Bram , Gerritse Bastiaan M. , Scohy Thierry V. , Bouwman R. Arthur , Willemsen Mark G. A. , Hollmann Markus W. , Preckel Benedikt , DeVries J. Hans , Hermanides Jeroen ,   on behalf of the GLOBE Study Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsMost cardiac surgery patients, with or without diabetes, develop perioperative hyperglycaemia, for which intravenous insulin is the only therapeutic option. This is labour‐intensive and carries a risk of hypoglycaemia. We hypothesized that preoperative administration of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist liraglutide reduces the number of patients requiring insulin for glycaemic control during cardiac surgery.Materials and methodsIn this randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, balanced (1:1), multicentre randomized, superiority trial, adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery in four Dutch tertiary hospitals were randomized to receive 0.6 mg subcutaneous liraglutide on the evening before surgery and 1.2 mg after induction of anaesthesia or matching placebo. Blood glucose was measured hourly and controlled using an insulin‐bolus algorithm. The primary outcome was insulin administration for blood glucose >8.0 mmol/L in the operating theatre. Research pharmacists used centralized, stratified, variable‐block, randomization software. Patients, care providers and study personnel were blinded to treatment allocation.ResultsBetween June 2017 and August 2018, 278 patients were randomized to liraglutide (139) or placebo (139). All patients receiving at least one study drug injection were included in the intention‐to‐treat analyses (129 in the liraglutide group, 132 in the placebo group). In the liraglutide group, 55 (43%) patients required additional insulin compared with 80 (61%) in the placebo group and absolute difference 18% (95% confidence interval 5.9–30.0,P= 0.003). Dose and number of insulin injections and mean blood glucose were all significantly lower in the liraglutide group. We observed no difference in the incidence of hypoglycaemia, nausea and vomiting, mortality or postoperative complications.ConclusionsPreoperative liraglutide, compared with placebo, reduces insulin requirements while improving perioperative glycaemic control during cardiac surgery.
Males paving the road to polyandry? Parental compensation in a monogamous nesting cuckoo and a classical polyandrous relative
Authors: Goymann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractComparative studies have established the necessity for biparental care as an important factor for monogamy in freshwater fish and birds. However, whether two parents are really needed for offspring care remains an open question in many cases. I experimentally studied female and male contributions to offspring care in the white‐browed coucal (Centropus superciliosus), a monogamous and biparental cuckoo with a balanced adult sex ratio, and contrasted it with the sympatric black coucal (C. grillii), a classically polyandrous species with a male‐biased adult sex ratio and male‐only care. To study the necessity for biparental care, I temporarily removed one partner for 2 days to see whether the remaining parent compensated for the absence of its partner. Both female and male white‐browed coucals approximately doubled their feeding rates when their partner was absent, thus fully compensating the number of feeding visits to the nest. However, nestlings maintained their growth only, when males were present and females were removed. When males were removed and only females were present, nestling growth declined. Hence, only male white‐browed coucals fully compensated for the temporary loss of the partner, suggesting that females could benefit most from nesting with additional males—if these should become available. Removing female black coucals had no consequence for nestling feeding rates of male black coucals. But male black coucals had to be returned to their territories within a few hours to avoid harming the brood because female black coucals typically would not commence feeding their offspring. In conclusion, the breeding system of white‐browed coucals seems quite flexible and the relatively balanced adult sex ratio may stabilize monogamy in this species. Should ecological factors ever favour a stronger bias in the adult sex ratio towards males, female white‐browed coucals may easily become polyandrous and relinquish parental care entirely to males.
Regulating informality: Worker centers and collective action in day‐labor markets
Authors: Theodore Nik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDay‐labor markets are characterized by chronic instability, low pay, and weak institutional protections against violations of labor standards. In the U.S., worker centers address these conditions through the operation of hiring halls that dispatch workers, set minimum wages, and redress wage theft. Surveys conducted in Seattle in 2012 and 2015 were used to evaluate wage rates, employment rates, and wage theft variables for workers at a worker center and those seeking employment at four informal hiring sites. Worker center members were found to have significantly higher wages, higher employment rates, and lower rates of wage theft than day laborers who search for employment in public spaces.
Multimodal mechanisms and enhanced efficiency of atrial fibrillation cardioversion by pulmonary delivery of a novel flecainide formulation
Authors: Tessarolo Silva Fernanda , Pedreira Giovanna C. , Medeiros Sofia A. , Bortolotto Alexandre L. , Araujo Silva Bruna , Hurrey Michael , Madhavapeddi Prashanti , Schuler Carlos , Belardinelli Luiz , Verrier Richard L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionInhaled flecainide significantly alters atrial electrical properties with the potential to terminate atrial fibrillation (AF) efficiently by optimizing dose and drug formulation.MethodsSeventeen Yorkshire pigs were studied. Intrapericardial acetylcholine and burst pacing were used to induce AF. Effects of a novel cyclodextrin formulation (hydroxypropyl‐ß‐cyclodextrin [HPßCD]) of flecainide (75 mg/mL, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, bolus) instilled intratracheally at 2 minutes after AF initiation were studied. Concentration time‐area analyses of flecainide HPßCD were compared to the traditional acetate formulation.ResultsIntratracheal instillation of flecainide HPßCD accelerated the conversion of AF to sinus rhythm in a dose‐proportional manner, shortening AF duration by 47% (P = .014) and 79% (P = .002) at the lower and higher doses, respectively, compared to intratracheal sterile water placebo. AF dominant frequency was reduced by 11% (P = .04) and 29% (P = .004) respective to dose. At 2 minutes after intratracheal flecainide HPßCD, atrial depolarization (Pa) duration increased by 12% (P = .02) and 17% (P = .009) at the lower and higher doses, respectively. At this time, the PR interval was prolonged by 9% (P = .04 for the higher dose) and AV node conduction was slowed, decreasing the ventricular rate during AF by 16% (P = .002) and 28% (P = .007) for the lower and higher doses. Flecainide HPßCD achieved the more efficient conversion of AF than the acetate formulation, reflected in a markedly reduced area under the curve (P = .04).ConclusionIntratracheal instillation of the new flecainide HPßCD formulation effectively terminates AF through efficient multimodal actions including slowing of atrial conduction velocity and decreasing AF dominant frequency, allowing reduced net drug delivery and inhalation time.
LIN28A gene polymorphisms modify neuroblastoma susceptibility: A four‐centre case‐control study
Authors: Hua Rui‐Xi , Zhuo Zhenjian , Ge Lili , Zhu Jinhong , Yuan Li , Chen Chongfen , Liu Jing , Cheng Jiwen , Zhou Haixia , Zhang Jiao , Xia Huimin , Zhang Xianwei , He Jing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeuroblastoma ranks the most common seen solid tumour in childhood. Overexpression of LIN28A gene has been linked to the development of multiple human malignancies, but the relationship between LIN28A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and neuroblastoma susceptibility is still under debate. Herein, we evaluated the correlation of four potentially functional LIN28A SNPs (rs3811464 G>A, rs3811463 T>C, rs34787247 G>A, and rs11247957 G>A) and neuroblastoma susceptibility in 505 neuroblastoma patients and 1070 controls from four independent hospitals in China. The correlation strengths were determined by using odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among these SNPs, rs34787247 G>A exhibited a significant association with increased susceptibility in neuroblastoma (GA vs GG: adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.03‐1.64; AA vs GG: adjusted OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.36‐4.64, AA/GA vs GG: adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.12‐1.80, AA vs GG/GA: adjusted OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.29‐4.42). Furthermore, the combined analysis of risk genotypes revealed that subjects carrying three risk genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.02‐2.63) are more inclined to develop neuroblastoma than those without risk genotype, and so do carriers of 1‐4 risk genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.56). Stratification analysis further revealed risk effect of rs3811464 G>A, rs34787247 G>A and 1‐4 risk genotypes in some subgroups. Haplotype analysis of these four SNPs yields two haplotypes significantly correlated with increased neuroblastoma susceptibility. Overall, our finding indicated that LIN28A SNPs, especially rs34787247 G>A, may increase neuroblastoma risk.
A meta‐analysis on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with different subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C , Nehra Abhimanyu , Mathur Akash , Rai Sushmita 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnteric microbiota is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The reported prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in subjects with IBS is highly variable, and there is no consensus on the role of SIBO in different subtypes of IBS, and indications and methods of testing.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed for studies applying tests for SIBO in subjects with IBS. After applying prospectively decided exclusion criteria, the eligible papers were examined using a meta‐analysis approach for the prevalence of SIBO in subjects with IBS using different tests. The odds ratios of SIBO among subjects with IBS as compared with healthy controls using different tests were calculated.ResultsOf the available studies (22, 17, 5, and 3 using lactulose and glucose hydrogen breath tests [LHBT and GHBT], jejunal aspirate culture, and more than one tests, respectively) meeting the inclusion criteria, 36.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.2–44.6) had a positive test for SIBO. Patients with IBS were 2.6 (95% CI 1.3–6.9) and 8.3 (95% CI 3.0–5.9) times more likely to have a positive test for SIBO as compared with healthy controls using GHBT and jejunal aspirate culture, respectively. Patients with diarrhea‐predominant IBS were more likely to have positive GHBT as compared with the other subtypes.ConclusionsPatients with IBS were more likely to have SIBO as compared with healthy subjects using GHBT and jejunal aspirate culture but not using LHBT. Patients with diarrhea‐predominant IBS more often have SIBO.
Race, Ethnicity, and Other Risks for Live Discharge Among Hospice Patients with Dementia
Authors: Luth Elizabeth A. , Russell David J. , Brody Abraham A. , Dignam Ritchell , Czaja Sara J. , Ryvicker Miriam , Bowles Kathryn H. , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVESThe end‐of‐life trajectory for persons with dementia is often protracted and difficult to predict, placing these individuals at heightened risk of live discharge from hospice. Risks for live discharge due to condition stabilization or failure to decline among patients with dementia are not well established. Our aim was to identify demographic, health, and hospice service factors associated with live discharge due to condition stabilization or failure to decline among hospice patients with dementia.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGA large not‐for‐profit agency in New York City.PARTICIPANTSA total of 2629 hospice patients with dementia age 65 years and older.MEASUREMENTSPrimary outcome was live discharge from hospice due to condition stabilization or failure to decline (vs death). Measures include demographic factors (race/ethnicity, Medicaid, sex, age, marital status, parental status), health characteristics (primary dementia diagnosis, comorbidities, functional status, prior hospitalization), and hospice service (location, length of service, number and timing of nurse visits).RESULTSLogistic regression models indicated that compared with white hospice patients with dementia, African American and Hispanic hospice patients with dementia experienced increased risk of live discharge (African American: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34‐4.38; Hispanic: aOR = 2.99; 95% CI = 1.81‐4.94). Home hospice (aOR = 7.57; 95% CI = 4.04‐14.18), longer length of service (aOR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.04‐1.05), and more days between nurse visits and discharge (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.56‐2.21) were also associated with live discharge.CONCLUSIONTo avoid burdensome and disruptive transitions out of hospice in patients with dementia, interventions to reduce live discharge due to condition stabilization or failure to decline should be tailored to meet the needs of African American, Hispanic, and home hospice patients. Policies regarding sustained hospice eligibility should account for the variable and protracted end‐of‐life trajectory of patients with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:551–558, 2020
A transmural gradient of myocardial remodeling in early‐stage heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the pig
Authors: Mühlfeld Christian , Rajces Alexandra , Manninger Martin , Alogna Alessio , Wierich Marie‐Christin , Scherr Daniel , Post Heiner , Schipke Julia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze whether early HFpEF is already associated with ultrastructural alterations and whether they differ quantitatively among the layers of the left ventricular wall. HFpEF was induced in pigs by deoxy‐corticosterone acetate (DOCA) treatment along with a high‐salt/high lipid diet over 3 months and compared with weight‐matched normal pigs (n = 5 each). Samples of the left ventricle were taken and processed for light and electron microscopy. Interstitial fibrosis, subcellular composition of cardiomyocytes and mean cardiomyocyte diameter were evaluated by stereology in subendocardial, midmyocardial and subepicardial regions. DOCA enhanced the mean cardiomyocyte diameter in all locations of the ventricle wall to the same degree. The subcellular composition did not differ between the locations and was not altered by DOCA. The volume fraction of interstitium was smaller in the subendocardium of DOCA group than of control group. Within the interstitium, the volume fraction of collagen fibrils (between cardiomyocytes) was increased in the subendocardial and midmyocardial wall layers of the DOCA group but not in the subepicardial layer. Although the capillary length density and average supply area were not altered in response to DOCA in any of the wall layers, the volume fraction of blood vessels related to the interstitial space was enhanced in the subendocardium of the DOCA group but not in the other wall layers. In conclusion, cardiomyocyte changes due to DOCA were similar in subepicardial, midmyocardial and subendocardial regions but DOCA‐induced changes in the interstitium appeared to be more pronounced in the subendocardial ventricular wall layers. This suggests a pivotal role of the subendocardial interstitium in the pathogenesis of HFpEF.
Charitable asymmetric bidders
Authors: Bos Olivier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent papers show that the all‐pay auction is better at raising money for charity than the first‐price auction with symmetric bidders under incomplete information. Yet, this result is lost with sufficiently asymmetric bidders under complete information. In this paper, we consider a framework on charity auctions with asymmetric bidders under some incomplete information. We find that the all‐pay auction still raises more money than the first‐price auction. Thus, the all‐pay auction should be seriously considered when one wants to organize a charity auction.
Artificial intelligence classification of wetland vegetation morphology based on deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Lin Ping , Lu Qun , Li Du , Chen Yongming , Zou Zhiyong , Jiang Shanchao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn real‐world wetland vegetation morphology (WVM) detection, large scene variations such as those due to landform, vegetation, sunlight, weather, and sky, as well as camera parameter settings such as focal length and shooting angle, require systematic and complicated artificial intelligence technology to accurately discriminate inter and intra‐class wetland objections. To deal with these challenges, we introduced a deep‐level discriminative model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) for classifying the images of DongZhai Harbor intertidal, Lashi Lake alpine, Yancheng coastal and Zoige plateau wetlands in China. A 96‐dimensional convolution operation with kernel sizes of first applied to the resized WVM input pictures to acquire the effective morphologic features. The perceptron layers of the rectified linear unit and the batch normalization were used in the middle layer to achieve the better gradient propagation property during the training process. The WVM features were down‐sampled by the pooling networks to reduce the neuron dimensions. The fully connected layer linked to the output of the convolutional and pooling layers to obtain the high‐level WVM species information for the final WVM classification purpose. The deep‐level CNN‐based method was compared with the traditional shallow‐level feature‐designed algorithms of conditional maximum entropy regression, multilayer perceptron and support vector machine. The deep‐level algorithm showed the superior performance for detecting the WVM species, which provided a superior alternative routine for accurate artificial intelligence classification of WVM in the ecological engineering application.Recommendations for Resource Managers

This proposed artificial intelligence model can be used to effectively help people understand the macroscopic scene changes of ecological elements from the wetland vegetation morphology images.
The detection results show the robustness of the discriminative model, for it is not affected by the complex natural factors such as landform, vegetation, sunlight, weather, and sky, as well as human factors such as camera parameter settings of focal length and shooting angle to some extent.
The deep‐level model based on the cascade convolution framework can be used to extract more distinguishing detailed ecological features from the original wetland vegetation morphology images compared with the shallow‐level algorithms using a single convolutional layer.
Phylogenetic and pathogenic variability of strains of Ralstonia solanacearum causing moko disease in Colombia
Authors: Ramírez M. , Moncada R. N. , Villegas‐Escobar V. , Jackson R. W. , Ramírez C. A. 
Published: November 2019

Moko disease, caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most devastating diseases of Musa spp. in Colombia, where banana and plantain are major crops. The disease epidemiology is poorly understood and little is known about the diversity of the bacterial populations associated with this disease. This study assessed the diversity, phylogenetic relationship and pathogenicity of R. solanacearum strains associated with moko disease in Colombia. For this, the genetic diversity of 65 isolates obtained from four banana/plantain‐growing regions was evaluated by using multiplex PCR and analysing the partial sequences of the mutS, rplB and egl genes. These analyses revealed that all the strains belonged to the R. solanacearum phylotype II, sequevars 4 and 6. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis assorted the strains into three subgroups, which matched the region of isolation: (i) central region (i.e. Eastern plains and Andes, IIB/4); (ii) northwest (i.e. Urabá and a few strains from Magdalena, IIB/4); and (iii) north coast (Magdalena and a few strains from Urabá, IIA/6). In addition, this evolutionary pattern was associated with pathogenicity, as 63 of the 65 isolates caused wilting of banana and plantain plants under greenhouse conditions, whilst only 32, those isolated from the central region, caused such symptoms in tomato plants. In conclusion, this study shows that banana and plantain crops in Colombia foster genetically diverse strains of R. solanacearum that belong to at least three different genetic groups, which show biogeographic and host range association.
Nonpharmacological techniques to support patients with intellectual developmental disorders to receive dental treatment: A systematic review of behavior change techniques
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Asimakopoulou Koula , Daly Blanaid , Fleischmann Isabel , Nunn June 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo identify the nonpharmacological patient‐support techniques (nPSTs) reported, used or recommended for people with intellectual‐developmental‐disorders (IDD) to receive dental treatment; to identify their active ingredients and evaluate their effectiveness by adopting an existing taxonomy of behavior‐change techniques (BCTs).Methods and resultsFollowing a protocol, a search strategy was undertaken using Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cinahl, and Psychinfo (EBSCO). Selection criteria were applied, with review and extraction in duplicate. A comprehensive list of nPSTs were identified and coded by their constituent behavior‐change techniques (BCTs), where BCT‐taxonomy‐Version‐1 criteria were satisfied. Quality assessment was undertaken and effectiveness of BCTs reported. From 915 screened articles, 23 were included. In 207 instances nPSTs were identified, representing 46 distinct nPST techniques, such as positive‐reinforcement (n = 18) and tell‐show‐do (n = 9). Of the 207 nPST codes, 135 were coded as BCTs (65.2%). The most commonly coded BCT was demonstration of the behavior (BCT6.1; n = 25). Considering studies of interventions (n = 11), all were at moderate to critical risk of bias. No interventions or outcome measures were comparable across studies.ConclusionThis is the first review to bring together techniques dentists use in practice and theory‐driven BCTs. A significant overlap between nPSTs and BCTs was evident supporting the use of BCT taxonomy to code dental interventions. No strong evidence supporting any intervention was identified.