bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource and Grade Control Model Updating for Underground Mining Production Settings
Authors: Prior Ángel , Benndorf Jörg , Mueller Ute 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA key requirement for the mining industry is the characterization of the spatial distribution of geometallurgical properties of the ore and waste in a mineral deposit. Due to geological uncertainty, resource models are crude representations of reality, and their value for forecasting is limited. Information collected during the production process is therefore of high value in the mining production chain. Models for mine planning are usually based on exploration information from an initial phase of the mineral extraction process. The integration of data with different supports into the resource or grade control model allows for continuous updating and is able to provide estimates that are more accurate locally. In this paper, an updating algorithm is presented that integrates two types of sensor information: sensors characterizing the exposed mine face, and sensors installed in the conveyor belt. The impact of the updating algorithm is analysed through a case study based on information collected from Reiche-Zeche, a silver–lead–zinc underground mine in Freiberg, Germany. The algorithm is implemented for several scenarios of a grade control model. Each scenario represents a different level of conditioning information prior to extraction: no conditioning information, conditioning information at the periphery of the mining panel, and conditioning information at the periphery and from boreholes intersecting the mining panel. Analysis is performed to compare the improvement obtained by updating for the different scenarios. It becomes obvious that the level of conditioning information before mining does not influence the updating performance after two or three updating steps. The learning effect of the updating algorithm kicks in very quickly and overwrites the conditioning information.
Building Thinking Machines by Solving Animal Cognition Tasks
Authors: Crosby Matthew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’, Turing, sceptical of the question ‘Can machines think?’, quickly replaces it with an experimentally verifiable test: the imitation game. I suggest that for such a move to be successful the test needs to berelevant, expansive, solvable by exemplars, unpredictable, and lead toactionableresearch. The Imitation Game is only partially successful in this regard and its reliance on language, whilst insightful for partially solving the problem, has put AI progress on the wrong foot, prescribing a top-down approach for building thinking machines. I argue that to fix shortcomings with modern AI systems a nonverbal operationalisation is required. This is provided by the recent Animal-AI Testbed, which translates animal cognition tests for AI and provides a bottom-up research pathway for building thinking machines that create predictive models of their environment from sensory input.
Personalized models for facial emotion recognition through transfer learning
Authors: Rescigno Martina , Spezialetti Matteo , Rossi Silvia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmotions represent a key aspect of human life and behavior. In recent years, automatic recognition of emotions has become an important component in the fields of affective computing and human-machine interaction. Among many physiological and kinematic signals that could be used to recognize emotions, acquiring facial expression images is one of the most natural and inexpensive approaches. The creation of a generalized, inter-subject, model for emotion recognition from facial expression is still a challenge, due to anatomical, cultural and environmental differences. On the other hand, using traditional machine learning approaches to create a subject-customized, personal, model would require a large dataset of labelled samples. For these reasons, in this work, we propose the use of transfer learning to produce subject-specific models for extracting the emotional content of facial images in the valence/arousal dimensions. Transfer learning allows us to reuse the knowledge assimilated from a large multi-subject dataset by a deep-convolutional neural network and employ the feature extraction capability in the single subject scenario. In this way, it is possible to reduce the amount of labelled data necessary to train a personalized model, with respect to relying just on subjective data. Our results suggest that generalized transferred knowledge, in conjunction with a small amount of personal data, is sufficient to obtain high recognition performances and improvement with respect to both a generalized model and personal models. For both valence and arousal dimensions, quite good performances were obtained (RMSE = 0.09 and RMSE = 0.1 for valence and arousal, respectively). Overall results suggested that both the transferred knowledge and the personal data helped in achieving this improvement, even though they alternated in providing the main contribution. Moreover, in this task, we observed that the benefits of transferring knowledge are so remarkable that no specific active or passive sampling techniques are needed for selecting images to be labelled.
β-Lapachone Induces Acute Oxidative Stress in Rat Primary Astrocyte Cultures that is Terminated by the NQO1-Inhibitor Dicoumarol
Authors: Steinmeier Johann , Kube Sophie , Karger Gabriele , Ehrke Eric , Dringen Ralf 
Published: August 2020

Abstractβ-lapachone (β-lap) is reduced in tumor cells by the enzyme NAD(P)H: quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) to a labile hydroquinone which spontaneously reoxidises to β-lap, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. To test for the consequences of an acute exposure of brain cells to β-lap, cultured primary rat astrocytes were incubated with β-lap for up to 4 h. The presence of β-lap in concentrations of up to 10 µM had no detectable adverse consequences, while higher concentrations of β-lap compromised the cell viability and the metabolism of astrocytes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with half-maximal effects observed for around 15 µM β-lap after a 4 h incubation. Exposure of astrocytes to β-lap caused already within 5 min a severe increase in the cellular production of ROS as well as a rapid oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The transient cellular accumulation of GSSG was followed by GSSG export. The β-lap-induced ROS production and GSSG accumulation were completely prevented in the presence of the NQO1 inhibitor dicoumarol. In addition, application of dicoumarol to β-lap-exposed astrocytes caused rapid regeneration of the normal high cellular GSH to GSSG ratio. These results demonstrate that application of β-lap to cultured astrocytes causes acute oxidative stress that depends on the activity of NQO1. The sequential application of β-lap and dicoumarol to rapidly induce and terminate oxidative stress, respectively, is a suitable experimental paradigm to study consequences of a defined period of acute oxidative stress in NQO1-expressing cells.
Asynchronous parametric excitation: validation of theoretical results by electronic circuit simulation
Authors: Karev Artem , Hagedorn Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA validation of recent theoretical results on the stability effects of asynchronous parametric excitation is presented. In particular, the coexistence of both resonance and anti-resonance at each combination resonance frequency is to be confirmed on a close-to-experiment simulation model. The simulation model reproduces the experimental setup developed by Schmieg in 1976, remaining the only experimental study on asynchronous excitation to this day. The model consists of two oscillating electronic circuits with feedback-free coupling through parametric excitation. In contrast to a mechanical system, the phase relations of the parametric excitation terms in an electronic system can be easily adjusted. The implementation of the simulation model is performed in the electronic circuit simulation software LTspice. The electronic model itself is first validated against the experimental results obtained by Schmieg and is then used to confirm the theoretical findings. The results of the electronic circuit simulation show excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with analytical approximations confirming the coexistence of resonance and anti-resonance effects near a combination resonance frequency.
Non-dispensing pharmacist integrated in the primary care team: effect on the quality of physician’s prescribing, a non-randomised comparative study
Authors: Sloeserwij Vivianne M. , Zwart Dorien L. M. , Hazen Ankie C. M. , Poldervaart Judith M. , Leendertse Anne J. , de Bont Antoinette A. , Bouvy Marcel L. , de Wit Niek J. , de Gier Han J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground Especially in elderly with polypharmacy, medication can do harm. Clinical pharmacists integrated in primary care teams might improve quality of pharmaceutical care. Objective To assess the effect of non-dispensing clinical pharmacists integrated in primary care teams on general practitioners’ prescribing quality. Setting This study was conducted in 25 primary care practices in the Netherlands. Methods Non-randomised, controlled, multi-centre, complex intervention study with pre-post comparison. First, we identified potential prescribing quality indicators from the literature and assessed their feasibility, validity, acceptability, reliability and sensitivity to change. Also, an expert panel assessed the indicators’ health impact. Next, using the final set of indicators, we measured the quality of prescribing in practices where non-dispensing pharmacists were integrated in the team (intervention group) compared to usual care (two control groups). Data were extracted anonymously from the healthcare records. Comparisons were made using mixed models correcting for potential confounders. Main outcome measure Quality of prescribing, measured with prescribing quality indicators. Results Of 388 eligible indicators reported in the literature we selected 8. In addition, two more indicators relevant for Dutch general practice were formulated by an expert panel. Scores on all 10 indicators improved in the intervention group after introduction of the non-dispensing pharmacist. However, when compared to control groups, prescribing quality improved solely on the indicator measuring monitoring of the renal function in patients using antihypertensive medication: relative risk of a monitored renal function in the intervention group compared to usual care: 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.05, p-value 0.010) and compared to usual care plus: 1.04 (1.01–1.06, p-value 0.004). Conclusion This study did not demonstrate a consistent effect of the introduction of non-dispensing clinical pharmacists in the primary care team on the quality of physician’s prescribing.This study is part of the POINT-study, which was registered at The Netherlands National Trial Register with trial registration number NTR‐4389.
System Dynamics Modelling of the Global Extraction, Supply, Price, Reserves, Resources and Environmental Losses of Mercury
Authors: Sverdrup Harald Ulrik , Olafsdottir Anna Hulda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow mercury flows from geological sources to society and to the environment was modelled for this study. The industrial dynamics of mercury was modelled and included in the integrated assessment model WORLD7. The simulated mercury losses were used as input for a simplified global model for environmental pollution. The outputs were analysed and used to assess mercury pollution amounts and supply to society. In fossil fuels, there are a potential stock of 2 million tons in coal and other hydrocarbons, and 450,000 tons of that could be released to the environment if the fossil fuels are all to be burned. Such release would potentially cause major environmental damage and a significant human health risk. The simulations suggest that environmental mercury flows may peak in 2025, and slowly decline as mercury gets immobilized in nature. The simulations show that the pollution from technical use is eliminated by putting the 2013 Minimata Convention into effect, but that environmental pollution from fossil fuels combustion and from environmental re-emissions will remain a significant problem for the next decades.
Adaptive Context-Aware Energy Optimization for Services on Mobile Devices with Use of Machine Learning
Authors: Nawrocki Piotr , Sniezynski Bartlomiej 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present an original adaptive task scheduling system, which optimizes the energy consumption of mobile devices using machine learning mechanisms and context information. The system learns how to allocate resources appropriately: how to schedule services/tasks optimally between the device and the cloud, which is especially important in mobile systems. Decisions are made taking the context into account (e.g. network connection type, location, potential time and cost of executing the application or service). In this study, a supervised learning agent architecture and service selection algorithm are proposed to solve this problem. Adaptation is performed online, on a mobile device. Information about the context, task description, the decision made and its results such as power consumption are stored and constitute training data for a supervised learning algorithm, which updates the knowledge used to determine the optimal location for the execution of a given type of task. To verify the solution proposed, appropriate software has been developed and a series of experiments have been conducted. Results show that as a result of the experience gathered and the learning process performed, the decision module has become more efficient in assigning the task to either the mobile device or cloud resources.
Modellierung der Effekte lernzielorientierter Tests nach dem Prinzip des mastery measurement innerhalb einer digitalen, formativen Leistungsmessung
Authors: Maier Uwe 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungMastery measurements sind kurze, kriterienorientierte, formative Tests zur Messung von Schülerleistungen in hierarchisch strukturierten Lerndomänen. Obwohl viele digitale Lernmaterialien dieses Testprinzip nutzen, sind Zusammenhänge zwischen mastery measurments und weiterführenden Lernprozessen bisher kaum Gegenstand empirischer Forschung. In dieser Studie werden deshalb die Effekte lernzielorientierter Tests innerhalb eines Moodle-Kurses zu Rechtschreibung und Grammatik untersucht. Als Datengrundlage dienen die im Moodle-Kurs anfallenden Bewertungen und Log-Daten von 407 Schülerinnen und Schülern aus 18 Realschul- und Gymnasialklassen (Jahrgangsstufe 6–9). Die Effekte des mastery measurement auf Feedbacknutzung, Lernaktivitäten im Kurs und Lernfortschritt wurden mit einem Bayes’schen Netz auf Ebene einzelner Test-Folgetest-Sequenzen modelliert. Es zeigte sich, dass eine Feedbacknutzung zusammen mit dem Nachlesen von Regeln und gezielten Übungen die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Lernfortschritts innerhalb einer Test-Folgetest-Sequenz deutlich erhöht.
Systems entrepreneurship: a conceptual substantiation of a novel entrepreneurial “species”
Authors: Schlaile Michael P. , Urmetzer Sophie , Ehrenberger Marcus B. , Brewer Joe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the notion of systems entrepreneurship in the context of innovation systems (IS) dedicated to transformations towards sustainability. To this end, our paper draws primarily but not exclusively on the leverage points concept, which was originally proposed by Donella H. Meadows and recently refined by sustainability scientists. More precisely, we flesh out four general propositions about the systems entrepreneurial process that serve as a starting point for illuminating how systems entrepreneurs can intervene at deep leverage points to introduce a dedication to sustainability in IS. The paper touches the important issues of directionality, formal institutions, as well as information flows and network structure that have received insufficient attention from researchers, policymakers, and practitioners aiming at transformations towards sustainability (e.g., funders and other support organizations). Taken as a whole, the paper serves as a conceptual basis for further theoretical and empirical work on systems entrepreneurs and dedicated IS. It should be read as a reminder that the fundamentally uncertain processes of systemic change call for collaborative efforts that transcend mental and organizational boundaries.
A review of measurement methods for peracetic acid (PAA)
Authors: Cheng Chen , Li Haodong , Wang Jinling , Wang Hualin , Yang Xuejing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPeroxyacetic acid has been widely used in food, medical, and synthetic chemical fields for the past several decades. Recently, peroxyacetic acid has gradually become an effective alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection and has strong redox capacity for removing micro-pollutants from drinking water. However, commercial peroxyacetic acid solutions are primarily multi-component mixtures of peroxyacetic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water. During the process of water treatment, peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) often coexist, which limits further investigation on the properties of peroxyacetic acid. Therefore, analytical methods need to achieve a certain level of selectivity, particularly when peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide coexist. This review summarizes the measurement and detection methods of peroxyacetic acid, comparing the principle, adaptability, and relative merits of these methods.
Kidney Is Essential for Blood Pressure Modulation by Dietary Potassium
Authors: Su Xiao-Tong , Yang Chao-Ling , Ellison David H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Eating more potassium may reduce blood pressure and the occurrence of other cardiovascular diseases by actions on various systems, including the vasculature, the sympathetic nervous system, systemic metabolism, and body fluid volume. Among these, the kidney plays a major role in the potassium-rich diet–mediated blood pressure reduction.

Purpose of Review
To provide an overview of recent discoveries about the mechanisms by which a potassium-rich diet leads to natriuresis.

Recent Findings
Although the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a short part of the nephron that reabsorbs salt, via the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC), it is highly sensitive to changes in plasma potassium concentration. Activation or inhibition of NCC raises or lowers blood pressure. Recent work suggests that extracellular potassium concentration is sensed by the DCT via intracellular chloride concentration which regulates WNK kinases in the DCT.

Summary
High-potassium diet targets NCC in the DCT, resulting in natriuresis and fluid volume reduction, which are protective from hypertension and other cardiovascular problems.
Can Periodontal Disease Be Considered Linked to Obesity and Lipoinflammation? Mechanisms Involved in the Pathogenesis Occurrence
Authors: Nicolin Vanessa , Costantinides Fulvia , Vettori Erica , Berton Federico , Marchesi Giulio , Rizzo Roberto , Di Lenarda Roberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObesity is a systemic disease, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, cancer, asthma, and osteoarthritis. Overweight and obesity have been suggested to be associated with periodontitis as published in studies and narrative summaries. Obesity and periodontal diseases are very prevalent in the world, and both can lead to severe chronic health conditions and impair people’s life quality. Knowledge of how immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses are regulated is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of complex diseases, such as periodontitis. In conditions of overweight, it has been demonstrated that approximately 70–80% of individuals present an adipose tissue turnover that is both structurally and functionally causing of the systemic inflammatory reaction. The objective of this review is to explore the influence of lipoinflammation. The effects of lipoinflammation and obesity on development of periodontal disease are reported together with the exploration of the mechanisms of interaction between these two diseases.
‘A Spaniard in essence: Seneca and the Spanish Volksgeist’
Authors: Baldwin Oliver 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThroughout the 19th century, Europe underwent processes of profound national reconfiguration, which provoked the creation of modern nation-states and nationalism. As other European countries, Spain also resorted to the re-appropriation of Greco-Roman antiquity in order to reaffirm its national narrative of identity after its own national crisis, the so-called Disaster of 1898, with which Spain lost its overseas empire. Seneca appeared at this time as the embodiment of the Spanish Volksgeist, the spirit of the Spanish people and nation, in Angel Ganivet’s Idearium español, first published in 1897. This article shall explore how Seneca was conceived, and later re-appropriated and reshaped, as the embodiment of Spanishness, by intellectual and political circles of a nation in mid-reconfiguration. Through an analysis of Ganivet’s theory of senequismo and its influence on Spanish historiography, thought and culture during the early 20th century, we shall be able to better ascertain the cultural, historic and social impact in Spain of Angel Ganivet’s statement that ‘Seneca is not a Spaniard, a son of Spain, by chance, he is a Spaniard in essence’.
Ascariasis, Amebiasis and Giardiasis in Mexican children: distribution and geographical, environmental and socioeconomic risk factors
Authors: Zavala Gerardo A. , van Dulm Eline , Doak Colleen M. , García Olga P. , Polman Katja , Campos-Ponce Maiza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to provide an overview of the geographical distribution of Ascariasis, Amebiasis and Giardiasis, and to identify specific geographical, socioeconomic and environmental factors that are associated with the incidence of these infections in Mexican children. We made use of publicly available data that was reported by federal organizations in Mexico for the year 2010. The contribution of geographical, socioeconomic and environmental factors to the incidence of infections was assessed by a multivariable regression model using a backwards selection procedure. A. lumbricoides incidence was associated with mean minimum temperature of the state, the state-wide rate of households without access to piped water and toilet, explaining 77% of the incidence of A. lumbricoides infections. Mean minimum precipitation in the state, the rate of households without access to a toilet, piped water and sewage system best explained (73%) the incidence of E. histolytica infections. G. lamblia infections were only explained by the latitude of the state (11%). In addition to the well-known socioeconomic factors contributing to the incidence of A. lumbricoides and E. histolytica we found that temperature and precipitation were associated with higher risk of infection.