bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between Secrecy and Transparency: Conversions to Protestantism Among Iranian Refugees in Germany
Authors: Stadlbauer Susanne 
Published: November 2020

Present-day scholarship on religious conversions diverts from classic Protestant paradigms of sudden conversions and instant transformations of the self. Instead, it stresses that converts make active choices that are influenced by specific contexts and historical changes. This becomes evident in an ethnographic study of one controversial aspect of the recent refugee influx in Germany: the so-called mass conversions of Iranian refugees from Shia Islam to Christianity, which have been highly publicized and criticized since the height of immigration in 2015. The analysis draws on interview data with Iranian refugee converts and their pastors in Protestant churches in North Rhine-Westphalia between October 2017 and January 2018. The study reveals the need to theorize the symbiotic connection between religious contacts, forced migration, and conversion to Christianity. It applies Rambo’s (1993) stage model of conversion and the analytical concept of secrecy (Jones 2014, Manderson et al. 2015, Simmel 1906) to demonstrate that the Iranian refugees’ conversions are shaped by contexts, crises, encounters, quests, interactions, commitments, and consequences (Rambo 1993) as they negotiate the forces of secrecy, risk, transparency, and the benefits of being a Christian. The goal of this paper is to find thematic patterns in their narratives that can be systematized and can build a foundation for further study.
Diego R. Sarrió Cucarella: Muslim-Christian Polemics across the Mediterranean. The Splendid Replies of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī (d. 684/1285)
Authors: Grigoryan Sona 
Published: November 2020

This contribution offers a review of:Diego R. Sarrió Cucarella: Muslim-Christian Polemics across the Mediterranean.The Splendid Replies of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī (d. 684/1285). Leiden: Brill, 2015. 368 pages, €135,00/$175.00, ISBN (hardback) 9789004285514
Islam and Buddhism: The Arabian Prequel?
Authors: Akasoy Anna 
Published: November 2020

Conventionally, the first Muslim-Buddhist encounters are thought to have taken place in the context of the Arab-Muslim expansions into eastern Iran in the mid-seventh century, the conquest of Sind in 711 and the rise of the Islamic empire. However, several theories promoted in academic and popular circles claim that Buddhists or other Indians were present in western Arabia at the eve of Islam and thus shaped the religious environment in which Muhammad’s movement emerged. This article offers a critical survey of the most prominent arguments adduced to support this view and discusses the underlying attitudes to the Islamic tradition, understood as a body of ideas and practices, and Islamic Tradition, understood as a body of texts. Such theories appear to be radical challenges of the Islamic tradition insofar as they seek to reinscribe the presence of religious communities in conventional narratives of Islamic origins that do not acknowledge them. On the other hand, they often operate with an unreconstructed reliance upon the sources of the Islamic Tradition. The assessment focuses ondescriptions of the Ka’ba and objects associated with it as well as on a story about an Indian physician who diagnosed an illness of Muhammad’s wife Aisha. While Indian or Buddhist connections with western Arabia and early Islam do not appear to be entirely impossible, the evidence does not amount to a persuasive case for the early seventh century.
LA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA UTILIZANDO RECURSOS ELECTRÓNICOS EN EL DESARROLLO DE PROYECTOS
Authors: Mera Macías Cristian , Barreiro Vera Aurora , Bermúdez Cevallos Rocío , Cedeño Zambrano Beatriz , Vera Vélez Daniela 
Published: November 2020

La revisión sistemática de la literatura es un aspecto fundamental para conocer de manera clara una determinada temática; sin embargo, muchos estudiantes universitarios no utilizan un proceso sistemático y organizado para desarrollar sus revisiones, muchas veces porque no los conocen y otras veces porque los procesos existentes son muy complejos. En este trabajo de investigación se plantea un marco de trabajo para desarrollar una revisión sistemática de literatura utilizando recursos electrónicos en el desarrollo de proyectos, esta propuesta tiene cuatro fases, la primera es la planificación de la revisión, la segunda es la realización de la revisión, la tercera es la generación de estadísticas y la última fase es el análisis de resultados y la contestación a las preguntas de investigación, esta propuesta fue impartida a un grupo de estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Extensión Chone, concluyendo que su aplicación ha permitido mejorar la estructuración de las revisiones de la literatura que realizan dichos estudiantes para la construcción de proyectos en diversas asignaturas
Heterotrophic calcification of medial collateral ligament of knee joint: a case report
Authors: Ijaz Amin  , Wajida Perveen  , Misbah Amanat Ali  , Umer Ilyas  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Soft-tissue calcification is characterised by the deposit of calcium in the damaged collagen fibres. The pathology of the phenomenon is not fully known. Trauma, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury have been reported as possible risk factors. Hypertrophic calcification of medial collateral ligament can be post-traumatic with unexplained aetiology. It can restrict the normal range of joint motion, affecting performance of activities of daily living, resulting in disturbance of quality of life. It may be managed conservatively, but if unsuccessful, surgical removal of the calcification may be carried out. Here, we present a case of post-traumatic heterotrophic calcification of medial collateral ligament of knee joint and review of current literature.
Keywords: Heterotrophic calcification, Lower extremity functional scale, medial collateral ligament, Continuous...
Evaluation of c-reactive protein in breast cancer by enzyme linked immunoassay technique
Authors: Ambreen Usmani  , Mehreen Lateef  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the serum levels of C-reactive protein in breast cancer patients, and to investigate the relationship between inflammation and progression of breast cancer.
Methods: The case-control study was conducted at Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, from September 2015 to December 2018, and comprised breast cancer patients in group A and and an equal number of age-matched healthy women in control group B. C-reactive protein levels were evaluated in serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both the groups and micro ribonucleic acid levels in serum were quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.
Results: Of the 170 subjects, 85(50%) were in each of the two groups. C-reactive protein and micro ribonucleic acid expression were significantly different in group A (p<0.001). There was no correlation (r = 0.162, p>0.01) between the tumour markers in group B (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Significantly raised C-reactive protein levels showed there was a link between inflammation and breast cancer.
Key Words: Breast cancer, C-reactive protein, MicroRNA 16. Continuous....
Notch Signaling & Micro RNAs - two tumblers of neurogenesis and Gliomas
Authors: Zeeshan Javed  , Qamar Raza  , Faiez Ahmad Shah  , Haleema Sadia  , Ayesha Alam  , Faiza Anum  , Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem  , Shahid Raza  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most annihilating types of brain tumors having a high rate of annual incidence worldwide. Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway that regulates differentiation and development. Aberrations in Notch signalling pathways lead to severe pathological state such as the Gliomas. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the tiny molecules less than 200 bps in length and regulate a myriad of cellular processes. Categorically, miRNAs are divided in to oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Accumulating data have identified miRNAs, which positively or negatively regulate Notch signaling in Gliomas. Here, we have assessed status of our understanding of the interplay between miRNA-base regulation of Notch signaling in gliomas, interaction between Notch signaling and other signaling cascades and have also discussed use of natural compounds that will help us get closer to personalized medicine for gliomas.
Keywords: Notch signaling; MicroRNA; Therapeutic Targets; Continuous...
Molecular events in the clinicopathological diagnosis of alveolar osteitis
Authors: Talaya Zahid  , Sarah Ghafoor  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Alveolar osteitis (AO) is an extremely distressing outcome following extraction of tooth. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood due to varied nature of presentation of the condition. However, a delay in the healing process of bone due to fibrinolysis is believed to be the underlying pathophysiology. This review highlights three major risk factors – trauma, bacterial accumulation due to poor oral hygiene, and smoking – in causing alveolar osteitis, and describes underlying related molecular events. Fibrinolysis results due to traumatic tooth extraction as well as due to accumulation of certain microorganisms which leads to the development of alveolar osteitis. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) and osteocalcin (OCN) can be used as molecular markers for evaluating alveolar osteitis. Assessment assays of such biomarkers can lead to a better understanding of the pathological process in providing a clearer picture to researchers and clinicians.
Continuous...
Estimates and demographic correlates of hoarding disorder in non-clinical sample in Pakistan
Authors: Ayesha Inam  , Zubaa Akhtar  , Aisha Kashif  , Hamna Nadeem  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To establish sample estimates of hoarding behaviour with demographic correlates in a non-clinical sample.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Islamabad, Pakistan, from February to April, 2018, and comprised data collected from Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and Rawalpindi after approval from the COMSATS University, Islamabad. Data was collected using a self-developed demographic sheet, along with the hoarding rating scale. Data was analysed using SPSS, Version 20.
Results: Of the 375 subjects, 118(31.5%) were males and 257(68.5%) were females. The overall mean age was 42.25+/-13.007 years. Mean hoarding rating scale score was 8.34+/-6.69, with 76(20.3%) subjects falling in the clinical range of hoarding tendencies. There was a significant difference in the scores for Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood and Late Adulthood (p<0.001). Gender comparison revealed significant difference (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation between hoarding and age was found (p<0.01) whereas a negative correlation was found between hoarding and monthly household income (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Hoarding tendencies were found to be in the clinical range for one-fifth of the sample.
Key Words: Hoarding disorder, Estimates, Demographics, Continuou...
A lógica do conteúdo no reino das sombras: o início e o princípio da Ciência da Lógica de Hegel
Authors: Ferreira Guilherme 
Published: November 2020

Resumo
O trabalho examina a conexão existente entre a concepção hegeliana de “início” e “princípio” e a função que esses conceitos cumprem no interior da Ciência da Lógica de Hegel. Partindo da análise dos conceitos de “saber puro” e “ser simples” e de sua relação com as concepções de início e princípio, demostramos em que sentido a Ciência da Lógica deve ser compreendida como lógica objetiva. Nesse sentido, defendemos que a lógica de Hegel é essencialmente uma lógica do conteúdo [Gehalt] e de conteúdo [Inhalt].
Palavras-chave: Hegel – Ciência da Lógica – Início – Princípio
Abstract
The work examines the connection between the Hegelian conception of ‘beginning’ and ‘principle’ and the function that these concepts fulfill within Hegel's Science of Logic. Starting from the analysis of the concepts of ‘pure knowledge’ and ‘being simple’ and its relationship with the conceptions of beginning and principle, we demonstrate in which sense the Science of Logic must be understood as objective logic. In this sense, we argue that Hegel's logic is essentially a logic of content [Gehalt] and of content [Inhalt].
Key words: Hegel - Science of Logic - Beginning - Principle
Cryopreservation of Protocorm-like Bodies of Vanda lilacina Teijsm. & Binn., a Thai Orchid Species, by V-cryo-plate and D-cryo-plate Methods
Authors: IMSOMBOON Tagrid , THAMMASIRI Kanchit , KOSIYACHINDA Pahol , CHUENBOONNGARM Ngarmnij , PANVISAVAS Nathinee 
Published: November 2020

Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Vanda lilacina Teijsm. & Binn. were used to study two new cryopreservation methods, the V-cryo-plate and D-cryo-plate methods, for survival score and percentage of survival. PLBs were dehydrated with PVS2 solution (0, 20, 40, 60, and 120 min) and silica gel (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 h) for the V-cryo-plate and D-cryo-plate methods, respectively. The results showed that the V-cryo-plate method, dehydration with PVS2 solution for 20 min, was a suitable method. It gave a survival score of 0.31, higher than control (+LN; 0 min) and gave a percentage of survival of 33.33 %. For the D-cryo-plate method, the suitable method for cryopreserved PLBs of V. lilacina was dehydration with silica gel for 1 h. It gave the highest survival score of 0.78 and percentage of survival was up to 83.78 %. Then, an unpaired t-test was used to compare data of survival scores of cryopreserved V. lilacina PLBs between the V-cryo-plate and D-cryo-plate methods. The best suitable cryopreservation method of V. lilacina PLBs is the D-cryo-plate method using silica gel for 1 h in dehydration step.
A study on inhibition of the Aβ1-42-induced inflammatory response by the Huatuo Zaizao pill through the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Su , Yu Lin-Jie , Yang Hui , Jin Yuexinzi , Chen Jian , Zhang Jing-Hua , Liu Ying , Xu Yun 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) includes -amyloid (A) (plaques) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This study aimed to explore the efficacy of Huatuo Zaizao pill (HTZP) in an AD mouse model induced by injecting A1-42, and the neuroprotective mechanism of HTZP in AD.Material and methodsC57BL/6 (B6) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10, per group): control group, AD model group, and 2 different doses of HTZP treated groups. The Morris water maze test was carried out on AD mice to assess the learning ability after treatment with HTZP for 15 day. The levels of inflammatory factors and the nuclear factor-B (NF-B) pathway were examined by western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The content of microglia was investigated by immunofluorescence.ResultsThis study revealed that a cognitive disorder could be mitigated when the AD mice were treated with HTZP, which might be associated with the decreased level of pro-inflammatory factors, and the inhibitory activities of microglia. Additionally, phosphorylation of IB and NF-B p65 could be reduced by prohibiting the neuroinflammation of NF-B activation in the hippocampus of AD mice.ConclusionsThese results showed that HTZP could mitigate a cognitive disorder, diminish the activation of microglia, and inhibit the content of inflammatory factors through the NF-B pathway in A1-42-induced AD mice. HTZP may be an appropriate agent for AD treatment in the future.
Psychobiological risk assessment in emergency medical service drivers: study protocol for structural equation modeling
Authors: Delshad Vahid , Khankeh Hamidreza , Ebadi Abbas , Bidzan Mariola , Harouni Gholamreza , Stueck Marcus 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundJob stress can lead to several complications including physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences. Emergency medical services (EMS) drivers are more likely to be exposed to stress than other occupations due to the nature of their job. High-risk driving and stress-related psychological responses can have irretrievable consequences. Therefore, increasing the amount of attention to traffic psychology and periodic psychobiological risk assessment for this group are essential. Hence, this paper tries to present how to develop a validated battery for assessing psychobiological risk assessment (PBRA) based on bio-centric health management (BHM).Participants and procedureThe study will be conducted in two methodological and modeling phases: In the methodological phase, the psychometric proper-ties of the Health Cube Battery (HCB) will be analyzed, and in the second phase, researchers will model BHM in Iran using a structural equation model (SEM).ResultsThe study population consists of EMS drivers. The tool that will be developed in this study is an HCB, which consists of dif-ferent dimensions of BHM.ConclusionsAt the end of the study, a standard HCB will be developed and validated. Also, the BHM model will be mapped based on psy-chobiological risk assessment for EMS drivers. Other researchers can also cross-culturally adapt and use the battery, and the model could be adopted for other contexts and cultures.
Prime building blocks in the mathematics classroom
Authors: Kiss Anna 
Published: November 2020

This theoretical paper is devoted to the presentation of the manifold opportunities in using a little-known but powerful mathematical manipulative, the so-called prime building blocks, originally invented by two close followers of Tamás Varga, to support discovery of various concepts in arithmetic in middle school, including the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic or as it is widely taught, prime factorization. The study focuses on a teaching proposal to show how students can learn about greatest common divisor (GCD) and least common multiple (LCM) with understanding, and meanwhile addresses internal connections and levels of abstractness within elementary number theory. The mathematical and methodological background to understanding different aspects of the concept prime property are discussed and the benefits of using prime building blocks to scaffold students’ discovery are highlighted. Although the proposal was designed to be suitable for Hungarian sixth graders, mathematical context and indications for the use of the manipulative in both primary and high school are given.
Subject Classification: F60, C30, E40, U60
Diversity of the gut microbiome in three grasshopper species using 16S rRNA and determination of cellulose digestibility
Authors: Wang Jian-Mei , Bai Jing , Zheng Fang-Yuan , Ling Yao , Li Xiang , Wang Jing , Zhi Yong-Chao , Li Xin-Jiang 
Published: November 2020

Background
Grasshoppers are typical phytophagous pests, and they have large appetites with high utilization of plants fibers, the digestion of which may depend on the microorganisms in their intestines. Grasshoppers have the potential to be utilized in bioreactors, which could improve straw utilization efficiency in the future. In this study, we describe the gut microbiome in three species of grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus, Aiolopus tamulus and Shirakiacris shirakii, by constructing a 16S rDNA gene library and analyzed the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in the grasshoppers by using moss black phenol colorimetry and anthrone colorimetry.

Results
There were 509,436 bacterial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) detected in the guts of all the grasshoppers sampled. Among them, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most common, Aiolopus tamulus had the highest bacterial diversity, and Shirakiacris shirakii had the highest bacterial species richness. The intestinal microflora structure varied between the different species of grasshopper, with Aiolopus tamulus and Shirakiacris shirakii being the most similar. Meanwhile, the time at which grasshopper specimens were collected also led to changes in the intestinal microflora structure in the same species of grasshoppers. Klebsiella may form the core elements of the microflora in the grasshopper intestinal tract. The digestibility of cellulose/hemicellulose among the three species grasshoppers varied (38.01/24.99%, 43.95/17.21% and 44.12/47.62%). LEfSe analysis and Spearman correlation coefficients showed that the hemicellulosic digestibility of Shirakiacris shirakii was significantly higher than that of the other two species of grasshopper, which may be related to the presence of Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Glutamicibacter, Corynebacterium, and Brachybacterium in Shirakiacris shirakii intestinal tract.

Conclusion
The intestinal microbial communities of the three grasshoppers species are similar on phylum level, but the dominant genera of different species grasshoppers are different. The cellulose digestibility of the three species of grasshoppers is relatively high, which may be correlated with the presence of some gut microbiome. Increasing the understanding of the structure and function of the grasshopper intestinal microflora will facilitate further research and the utilization of intestinal microorganisms in the future.
All Electrospray Printing of Carbon‐Based Cost‐Effective Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Congcong , Wang Kai , Jiang Yuanyuan , Yang Dong , Hou Yuchen , Ye Tao , Han Chan Su , Chi Bo , Zhao Li , Wang Shimin , Deng Weiwei , Priya Shashank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the power conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exceeding 25%, the PSCs are a step closer to initial industrialization. Prior to transferring from laboratory fabrication to industrial manufacturing, issues such as scalability, material cost, and production line compatibility that significantly impact the manufacturing remain to be addressed. Here, breakthroughs on all these fronts are reported. Carbon‐based PSCs with architecture fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/electron transport layer/perovskite/carbon, that eliminate the need for the hole transport layer and noble metal electrode, provide ultralow‐cost configuration. This PSC architecture is manufactured using a scalable and industrially compatible electrospray (ES) technique, which enables continuous printing of all the cell layers. The ES deposited electron transport layer and perovskite layer exhibit properties comparable to that of the laboratory‐scale spin coating method. The ES deposited carbon electrode layer exhibits superior conductivity and interfacial microstructure in comparison to films synthesized using the conventional doctor blading technique. As a result, the fully ES printed carbon‐based PSCs show a record 14.41% power conversion efficiency, rivaling the state‐of‐the‐art hole transporter‐free PSCs. These results will immediately have an impact on the scalable production of PSCs.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Unbiased Methylene C(sp3)–H Borylation of Acyclic Amides
Authors: Yang Yuhuan , Chen Lili , Xu Senmiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe herein report amide directed enantioselective β‐C(sp3)−H borylation of unbiased methylene C−H bonds of acyclic amides enabled by iridium catalysis for the first time. The key to the success of this transformation relies on the careful selection of the combination of iridium precursor and chiral bidentate boryl ligands. A variety of functional groups are well‐tolerated, affording chiral β‐functionalized amides in good to excellent enantioselectivities. We also demonstrate the application of the current method by stereospecific conversion of C−B bond into other functionalities.