bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE UTERUS IN 64 PERIPARTUM HYSTERECTOMY SPECIMENS.
Authors: Pukhrambam Gayatri Devi , Singh O. Okendrajit , Sarangthem Babina , Gauhar Kamal Uddin 
Published: March 2020

Background: Peripartum hysterectomy is a life saving procedure performed for intractable obstetric haemorrhage. Uterine atony, rupture, abnormal placentation, retained products etc. are common indications. With the rise of caesarean sections, the incidences of peripartum hysterectomies are increasing worldwide. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the histomorphological findings in peripartum hysterectomy specimens received during a five year period.
Material and Method: In this hospital based cross-sectional study during a five year period (Jan 2014 –Dec 2018), 64 peripartum hysterectomy specimens received in the department of Pathology, RIMS, Imphal, Manipur were included. The gross and histomorphological findings were evaluated, studied, statistically analysed and compared with other studies.
Results and Observation: The various histomorphological findings were abnormal placentation 28 (43.7%), uterine atony 15 (23.5%), uterine rupture 14 (21.8%), retained placenta/product 6 (9.3%) and subinvolution 1(1.5%). Abnormal Placentation and Placenta cretas were the most common finding in the present study. The lower uterine segment was the most common abnormal site of placental implantation. The age ranged from 21 to 45 years, with majority of the cases were in the 30-39years age group. History of previous caesarean section was noted in 20 cases (31.2%). The relative risk of abnormal placentation was 2.5 times higher in those cases with prior history of caesarean section. Rupture was most commonly associated with multiparous women. Co-morbid overlapping features were seen in few cases.
Conclusion: Histopathological diagnosis not only confirmed the clinico-radiological impression, but also highlighted the other co-morbid associations that caused the intractable haemorrhage which warranted a peripartum hysterectomy.
Keywords: Peripartum Hysterectomy, Abnormal placentation, caesarean section, chorionic villi.
TO CO RELATE THE QUALITY OF RECONSTRUCTION WITH THE AFFECTED HIP FUNCTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING THA POST ACETABULUM FRACTURE
Authors: Sharma Manish , Sen Ramesh Kumar , Aggarwal Sameer , Prakash Mahesh 
Published: March 2020

Background: Hip fractures rank in the top ten of all impairments worldwide in terms of loss in disabilityadjusted years for people 50+ years old
Methods: The study was carried as a retrospective study, from February 2013 to July 2014. After getting the approval from the Ethics Committee of the Institute (Annexure I) and the consent from the patients the study was conducted on 49 patients who underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty after fracture acetabulum.
Results: The mental scores were significantly higher in the group where safe range of inclination was achieved. Therefore the quality of life is dependent on the safe range of inclination.
Conclusion: We found that the patients who were treated with ORIF following the fracture acetabulum had better physical and mental scores.
Keywords: Hip, Physic, Mental Arthroplasty, Reconstruction
A 3 YEARS HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF GALLBLADDER AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Devi M. Reeta , Nabina L. , Ronal R.K. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Diseases of the gallbladder are pretty common. Most of the cases admitted in hospitals required surgical intervention and removal. Histopathological routine examination of the resected gallbladder shows a wide range of changes, from inflammatory to different variants and from premalignant to malignancy. This study is undertaken to find the changes in the cholecystectomy specimen along with their gender and age distribution.
Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the cholecystectomy specimen received in the department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), a tertiary care hospital during the period of January 2014 to December 2016.
The corresponding blocks are retrieved from the archives of the department, sections are cut and slides are stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain,Three representative slides of each specimen are examined.
The aim of this study is to analyse the different histopathological changes of the gallbladder and their distribution in different age groups and as well as in gender.
Results: A total of 1506 cholecystectomy specimen were received in the histopathology section of the department. Out of which, 1282 cases (85.12%) were females while 224 cases (14.88%) were male patients. Female to male ratio is 6:1.
The most common histopathological diagnosis of cholecystectomy specimen was chronic cholecystitis followed by chronic cholecystitis with focal evidence of cholesterolosis and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. There were 3 cases of incidental diagnosis of adenocarcinoma gallbladder.
Conclusion: Chronic cholecystitis is the most common disease affecting the gallbladder which with a high rate of occurance all over the world. The study firmly recommends thorough histopathological examination of all resected gallbladder. Incidental diagnosis of adenocarcinoma further warrents the need for thorough histopathological examination to help in treatment and prognosis.
Keywords: Chronic cholecystitis, cholesterolosis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, incidental adenocarcinoma.
COMPARISON OF CLONIDINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE AS AN ADJUVANT TO 0.5% BUPIVACAINE IN SUPRACLAVICULAR BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK: A RANDOMISED PROSPECTIVE DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY
Authors: Jethani Kushal , Sahu Preeti , Ann Seethal 
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives: Alpha-2 agonists are used as adjuvant with local anaesthetic agents to prolong the duration of spinal, epidural and peripheral nerve blocks as well as to prolong the duration of post operative analgesia. We performed a study to compare clonidine(1ug/kg) and dexmedetomidine (1ug/kg) as an adjuvant to 0.5% bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Methods: Eighty ASA I and II patients scheduled for elective upper limb orthopaedic surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were divided into two groups(n=25 each) in a randomized, double-blinded fashion. Group C received clonidine 1 μg/kg and Group D received dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg added to bupivacaine 0.5% (30 cc). Onset and recovery time of sensory and motor block, as well as duration of analgesia were studied in both the groups.
Results: Duration of sensory block and motor block was 220.12 ±50.3 and 280.1± 20.12 min respectively in group C, while it was 410.34± 60.12 and 460.4 ± 50.56 min respectively in group D and hence both were significantly prolonged in group D. No statistically significant difference was seen in onset of sensory and motor block between the two groups. The duration of analgesia i.e. time to requirement of rescue analgesia was 270.4± 56.7 mins and 452.7 ±64.23 mins in group C and D respectively and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine 0.5% in supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolonged the duration of sensory and motor block as well as the duration of analgesia when compared with clonidine.
Keywords: Clonidine, dexmedetomidine, supraclavicular block
ROLE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY & COLOUR DOPPLER IMAGING IN EVALUATION OF ADNEXAL MASSES
Authors: Solanki Kunal G , Choudhary Nikunj Vikram 
Published: March 2020

Background: Adnexal mass lesions are very common among women of all age group but very common among reproductive age. Differential diagnosis of adnexal mass is difficult and complex. Recognition of the severity of the problem, appropriate and timely evaluation and treatment with good outcome is the goal. Ultrasound is the primary modality used for detection and characterization of adnexal masses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in patients suspected with adnexal masses.
Objectives: Understanding the characterization of adnexal masses on ultrasonography and colour doppler,and to corelate the usg findings with histopathology where ever possible,to derive simple and clinically useful usg based IOTA rules for discriminating between benign and malignant mass.
Methods: The study was conducted on 100 patients with suspected various adnexal masses in a period of 1 year from 2018-2019. Patients are selected based on Clinical history & Adnexal masses detected on pelvic ultrasound. Results of ultrasound were correlated with available histopathological findings.
Results: On histopathology, out of total 50 cases studied 14(28%) were malignant and 36 (72%) were benign. Out of 45 cases where IOTA simple rules were applicable, 16(35.5%) were malignant and 29(64.4%) were benign.
Conclusion: On comparing the findings of ultrasonogram versus histopathology, it was found that ultrasound had a high sensitivity of 91.66%, 84.84% specificity, 68.7% positive predictive value, 96.55% negative predictive value and 88.8% accuracy of detecting adnexal masses.
Keywords: TAS – Transabdominal sonography, TVS – Transvaginal Sonography, Adnexal Masses.
TO GRADE BREAST CARCINOMAS ACCORDING TO MODIFIED BLOOM RICHARDSON GRADING SYSTEM IN LUMPECTOMY AND MASTECTOMY SPECIMENS.
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Banerjee Bejoy Chand , Prasad Raj Kumar 
Published: March 2020

The study was conducted in the Department of Surgical Pathology, Patliputra Medical College and Hospital, Dhanbad. Cytological study of breast lumps was done. All patients who were clinically suspected of having breast carcinoma were subjected to FNAC of breast lump under aseptic precautions after explaining the procedure, its potential complications and taking written consent. Local examination was done and details were recorded as per proforma. FNAC was performed by following technique.
It is a useful parameter to be taken into consideration when selecting mode of therapy for breast carcinoma and to predict the tumor behavior. Cytological grading is especially useful in low resource settings, where core biopsy is not routinely performed for diagnosis of breast carcinoma. The cyto-prognostic grading helps in identifying fast growing tumors (Grade III& II). Such tumors are more likely to respond to chemotherapy than the low grade, slow growing tumors, which are better suited to pre-treatment with tamoxifen. Therefore, assessment of biological aggressiveness by cytological grading without removing the tumor is valuable approach.
Keywords: Robinson’s Grade, Breast, Carcinoma & Cytological Aspirates.
STUDY OF SPECTRUM OF BENIGN THYROID LESIONS ON FNAC AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Devi M. Reeta , Sarangthem Babina , . Keerthivasan 
Published: March 2020

Background: Thyroid lesions are one of the commonly encountered disorders in any hospital. Majority are non neoplastic and malignancy accounts for about 5-10%. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, cost effective, reliable and minimally invasive tool for the evaluation of these lesions and it can differentiate benign from malignancy.
Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on the thyroid swelling attending the cytology OPD of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) during October, 2016 to October, 2019 a tertiary care hospital. All smears are air dried and stained with Giemsa stain.
Results: The most common age group affected is 41-50 years of age followed by 31-40 years age group. Females outnumbered males with female to male ratio of 16.9:1. Out of 729 cases, colloid goiter constitute a total of 387 (53%), Hashimto's thyroiditis 318 cases (43.3%), adenomatous goiter (1.2%) and Graves disease contribute 1.1%
Conclusion: Thyroid Swelling are very common clinical presentation. FNAC is a cost effective, reliable, easy to perform test with commendable sensitivity. It can spare patients to undergo unnecessary surgery. It also helps in differentiating solid from cystic lesions.
VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION AND HBA1C LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Singh Mahesh Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem, with an estimated 65 million patients in India. Studies shown that low serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and shown the beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity. Vitamin D is formed in humans by subcutaneous photosynthesis from its precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol by exposing themselves to the sun. older age is associated with a decrease in 7-dehydrocholesterol concentration in the human skin. This lifestyle habit and their natural diet of low vitamin D consumption may cause poor glucose control in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.
Material and Methods: This was a prospective observational study of T2DM patients aged 18 and above who attended the outpatient clinics of a tertiary center. The following variables were collected from the cases: age, sex, type of diabetes, HbA1c result. Baseline HbA1c and vitamin D levels were recorded prior to supplementation and after a period of 6 months of supplementation with vitamin D, HbA1c and vitamin D levels were recorded once again.
Results: A total of 169 patients were included in the study and whose follow up was completed at the end of 6 months. Mean age of the study population was 46.87 ± 15.99. there were 74(43.79%) male and 95(56.21%) female. Mean HbA1c pre-supplementation (%) was 9.58 ± 2.41 while post supplementation was 7.21 ± 1.08. There was a significant reduction of HbA1c of T2DM (P < 0.0001). Vitamin D levels pre-supplementation (nmol/L) (mean ± SD) was 38.54 ± 29.54 while, Vitamin D levels post-supplementation (nmol/L) (mean ± SD) was 38.54 ± 29.54. There was a significant increase of vitamin D levels of T2DM (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Significant inverse association between vitamin levels D and HbA1c in T2DM patients was observed. Also there was significant reduction in HbA1c as vitamin D levels increased. Regular screening of vitamin levels D and HbA1c in T2DM patients is advised.
Keywords: Vitamin D, diabetes, T2DM, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
EFFICACY OF ARIPIPRAZOLE IN TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN POPULATION OF CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: Raichandani Omprakash , Khan Abdul Faheem , Raichandani Sapna 
Published: March 2020

Background: During the past decade, there has been some progress in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Aripiprazole is recommended at a dose of between 10 and 15 mg/day in the treatment of schizophrenia, with a dose range considered to be effective, between 10 and 30 mg/day.
Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of Aripiprazole in low doses of 15 mg versus high doses of 30 mg in the treatment of Schizophrenia.
Methods: Total 60 new and old patients (who are not on any treatment) between 18-60 years of either gender who meet the diagnostic criteria as per DSM-IV classification for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups on single blind study criteria. Group-I: Aripiprazole 15 mg once a day, morning dose for 6 weeks. Group-II: Aripiprazole 30 mg once a day, morning dose for 6 weeks. Efficacy assessment included at baseline and at 6 weeks end study scoring on PANSS, EPRS and CGI.
Results: In both the groups aripiprazole showed the efficacy by improving the number of patients. In group-I, 20 patients has shown the improvement in overall scores of all scales. In group-II, 16 patients have shown the improvement in overall scores in different scales.
Conclusions: Aripiprazole is effective in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, low doses of 15 mg is equally effective as high dose of 30 mg.
Keywords: Efficacy, Aripiprazole & Schizophrenia.
INCIDENCE OF DIFFERENT DELETERIOUS ORAL HABITS IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN FROM DARBHANGA DISTRICT, BIHAR
Authors: Kumar Keshav , Chettiankandy Tabita Joy 
Published: March 2020

Oral habits ought to be of primary clinical concern to orthodontists as they may cause malocclusion and interfere with the treatment progress. Generally, habit control should be achieved earlier to correction of the malocclusion in an effort to eliminate any etiologic factors in development and maintenance of the malocclusion. It is well important for the clinician to understand that habit breaking treatment may need prolonged treatment time because habits may have been present for long periods of time and may be associated with underlying psychological problems. Hence based on above importance the present study was planned to evaluate incidence of different deleterious oral habits in school going children from Darbhanga District, Bihar.
The present study was planned in the Department of Dentistry, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital Laheriasarai, Darbhanga Bihar. Total 50 school going children of the age 4 years to 10 years were enrolled in the present study. Samples were selected from school; simple randomized sampling technique was used. Children with orthodontic appliances, systemic disease were excluded from the study. A closed ended questionnaire was provided to children involved in survey to obtain details like age, sex, presence of habits, its duration and frequency. A detailed history was obtained from parents regarding the habit and its intensity.
The data generated from the present study concludes that all habits did not show statistically significant relationship, except tongue thrusting which showed statistically significant relationship and more prevalent in rural areas.
Keywords: Deleterious Oral Habits, School childrens, Bihar.
ROLE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN ELECTIVE COLORECTAL SURGERY
Authors: Kirnake Vijendra , Deshmukh Abhijit 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a major burden for patients who are posted for elective colorectal surgery, also there is significant increase to the cost of health care.it is a major cause of morbidity after surgery and is associated with increased hospital stay, readmissions, costs, and sometimes mortality. Surgical site infections are very high in colorectal surgery and are estimated to vary from 15% to 30% of patients undergoing colorectal surgery. For colorectal surgeries, orally administered antibiotics can be used in addition to the intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis.
Material and Methods: A total of 46 patients were included in the study who were posted for elective colorectal surgery. Patients who start with the 3-day intervention period but for whom surgery is cancelled or postponed for more than 7 days, will not be evaluable for analysis. After enrolment, patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment arms in a 1:1 ratio. Patients were blinded into two groups, group 1 (medication group) and group 2 (placebo group). Patients are instructed to take the medication four times daily, during the last 3 days prior to surgery.
Results: There were 16 (69.6%) male and 7 (30.4%) in medication group while in placebo group male were15 (65.2%) and female were 8 (34.8%). Mean age in medication group was 46.2 ±15.24 and in placebo group was 48.2 ± 14.55. BMI (Body mass index) in medication group was 29.44 ± 3.74 and in placebo group was 28.76 ± 2.96. Operative time in group medication was 6.4±2.12 and in placebo group was 6.23 ± 1.96. This was not significant. Surgical site infection (SSI) in medication group was 3(13%) and in placebo group was 8(39%). Mean Hospital stay (days) in medication group was 13.11± 2.45 and in placebo group was 16.2±3.87, this was statistically significant. No. of antibiotics required postoperatively in medication group was .2± 1.4 and in placebo group was 6.4±2.4.
Conclusion: Administration of oral antibiotics 3 days prior to colorectal surgery can significantly reduce the surgical site infection and mean hospital stay thereby reducing the morbidity.
Keywords: antibiotics, colorectal surgery, surgical site infection
ACCURACY OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Authors: Agrawal Praveen 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is generally clinical and once it is diagnosed, operative management ensues. Abdominal pain is the main presenting complaint of patients with acute appendicitis. The diagnostic sequence of colicky central abdominal pain which is followed by vomiting with migration of the pain to the right iliac fossa. The site of maximal tenderness is often said to be over McBurney's point. Specialist investigations are rarely needed to confirm a diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and the diagnosis is predominantly a clinical one. Judicious use of urine and blood tests, for inflammatory response variables, allow exclusion of other pathologies and provide additional evidence to support a clinical diagnosis of appendicitis.
Material and Methods: Every patient with acute onset of right lower quadrant abdominal pain and without previous history of appendectomy was considered as suspected of having acute appendicitis. Every patient with right iliac fossa pain and without history of appendectomy is suspected of having appendicitis until proven otherwise were included in the study. All Clinical and laboratory tests relevant to acute appendicitis were done among study participants. In Clinical parameters appetite, diarrhea, dysuria, vomiting, signs of localized peritonitis i.e. rebound tenderness and or guarding and pain migration was observed.in laboratory parameters, CRP, complete blood count (CBC) were measured and analysed. Patient’s demographic characteristics were noted.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study of which 50 were included in the control and 50 in case group. Mean age in control group was 29±7.23 years while in acute appendicetomy group was 29 ±8.77 years. In control group 44% were male and 56 % were female while in acute appendicitis 42% were male and 58 % were female. All clinical presentations were statistically significant in case and control group. CRP was positive in 8 (16%) in control group while in Acute appendicitis group it was 21 (42%) (P=0.0071).
Conclusion: CRP did not contribute to the overall diagnostic accuracy. The successful diagnosis of acute appendicitis can be done through proper clinical examination and adequate evaluation of laboratory parameters
Keywords: Acute Appendicitis, CRP, appendicetomy