bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover crops and precipitation influence soluble reactive phosphorus losses via tile drain discharge in an agricultural watershed
Authors: Trentman Matt T. , Tank Jennifer L. , Royer Todd V. , Speir Shannon L. , Mahl Ursula H. , Sethna Lienne R. 
Published: July 2020

SummarySubsurface tile drainage speeds water removal from agricultural fields that are historically prone to flooding. While managed drainage systems improve crop yields, they can also contribute tothe eutrophication of downstream ecosystems, as tile‐drained systems are conduits for nutrients to adjacent waterways. The changing climate of the Midwestern US has already altered precipitation regimes which will likely continue into the future, with unknown effects on tile drain water and nutrient loss to waterways. Adding vegetative cover (i.e., as winter cover crops) is one approach that can retain water and nutrients on fields to minimize export via tile drains. In the current study, we evaluate the effect of cover crops on tile drain discharge and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) loads using bi‐monthly measurements from 43 unique tile outlets draining fields with or without cover crops in two watersheds in northern Indiana. Using four water years of data (n = 844 measurements), we examined the role of short‐term antecedent precipitation conditions and variation in soil biogeochemistry in mediating the effect of cover crops on tile drain flow and SRP loads. We observed significant effects of cover crops on both tile drain discharge and SRP loads, but these results were season and watershed specific. Cover crop effects were identified only in spring, where their presence reduced tile drain discharge in both watersheds and SRP loads in one watershed. Varying effects on SRP loads between watersheds were attributed to different soil biogeochemical characteristics, where soils with lower bioavailable P and higher P sorption capacity were less likely to have a cover crop effect. Antecedent precipitation was important in spring, and cover crop differences were still evident during periods of wet and dry antecedent precipitation conditions. Overall, we show that cover crops have the potential to significantly decrease spring tile drain P export, and these effects are resilient to a wide range of precipitation conditions.
Paradigm shift from a liquidation culture to a corporate rescue culture in Malaysia: A legal review
Authors: Chen Thim Wai , Azmi Ruzita , Abdul Rahman Rohana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe company law landscape in Malaysia has witnessed a significant change in its insolvency law with the adoption of two new corporate rescue mechanisms, the corporate voluntary arrangement and judicial management under the Companies Act 2016 (CA 2016), which has repealed the Companies Act 1965 (CA 1965). Previously, the insolvency laws under the CA 1965 were based on the traditional pro‐creditor laws of winding up and receivership, which embodied the liquidation culture. This article examines the transition of the insolvency laws in Malaysia from a liquidation culture under the CA 1965 to a corporate rescue culture under the CA 2016. It also reviews the necessary changes to the pro‐creditor laws, which are preserved under the CA 2016 in order to accommodate the pro‐debtor laws with the introduction of the corporate rescue mechanisms, which came into force on March 1, 2018. Through comparative and critical analysis of similar laws in the United Kingdom and Singapore, this article argues that while the corporate rescue mechanisms are regarded as pro‐debtor however the review reveals that the position of secured creditors are impeding its application and reforms ought to be considered.
Review of workbody activities under the strategy theme basin*
Authors: Hayashida Naoki , Emami Kamran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe strategy theme Basin deals with all the basin‐level environment aspects that impact agriculture water management, such as climate, floods, droughts, seawater, etc. and includes the work of six working groups (WGs) and one task team. This review examines the strategy theme Basin and consists of the Mandate, Activities and Achievements arising from the Bali meeting, and Appraisal and Recommendations for the Theme. Main general observations and recommendations are as follows:

Generally, WGs under the strategy theme Basin are functioning quite well and productively.
Overall, the attendance of members is good, but in some cases this is limited.
WGs should promote the exchange of knowledge with other agriculture water management professionals by publishing summaries and outcomes in ICID NEWS.
WGs should clearly identify their output in a work plan in accordance with the Action Plan on the Road Map to ICID Vision 2030.
WGs' productivity and necessity should be evaluated carefully and when mandates and objectives are completed a final report should be written and then they should move on.
Efforts to attract young professionals should be continued and increased.
All WG chairs and theme leaders should be more conscious of the purpose and the set procedures initially.
In vitro degradation profiles and in vivo biomaterial–tissue interactions of microwell array delivery devices
Authors: Hadavi Elahe , de Vries Rick H.W. , Smink Alexandra M. , de Haan Bart , Leijten Jeroen , Schwab Leendert W. , Karperien Marcel H.B.J. , de Vos Paul , Dijkstra Pieter J. , van Apeldoorn Aart A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo effectively apply microwell array cell delivery devices their biodegradation rate must be tailored towards their intended use and implantation location. Two microwell array devices with distinct degradation profiles, either suitable for the fabrication of retrievable systems in the case of slow degradation, or cell delivery systems capable of extensive remodeling using a fast degrading polymer, were compared in this study. Thin films of a poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT‐PBT) and a poly(ester urethane) were evaluated for their in vitro degradation profiles over 34 weeks incubation in PBS at different pH values. The PEOT‐PBT films showed minimal in vitro degradation over time, while the poly(ester urethane) films showed extensive degradation and fragmentation over time. Subsequently, microwell array cell delivery devices were fabricated from these polymers and intraperitoneally implanted in Albino Oxford rats to study their biocompatibility over a 12‐week period. The PEOT‐PBT implants shown to be capable to maintain the microwell structure over time. Implants provoked a foreign body response resulting in multilayer fibrosis that integrated into the surrounding tissue. The poly(ester urethane) implants showed a loss of the microwell structures over time, as well as a fibrotic response until the onset of fragmentation, at least 4 weeks post implantation. It was concluded that the PEOT‐PBT implants could be used as retrievable cell delivery devices while the poly(ester urethane) implants could be used for cell delivery devices that require remodeling within a 4–12 week period.
First reported case of a longevity overestimation error in the new Medtronic tablet‐based device programmer
Authors: Kazemian Pedram , Xu Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the advancement and miniaturization of mobile technologies, major device companies are replacing the traditional cardiac rhythm device programmers with smaller and more efficient tablet‐based systems. As clinicians rely on data obtained from multitude of these systems, it is imperative that they provide consistent, reliable, and reproducible results. In this case report, we illustrate, for the first time, a major discrepancy between remote monitoring data, a conventional device programmer, and the new tablet‐based Medtronic CareLink SmartSync Device Manager which erroneously overestimated the battery longevity in a pacemaker‐dependent patient whose device had reached Recommended Replacement Time (RRT) status.
Downhole nuclear magnetic resonance logging in glaciomarine sediments near Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Crow Heather L. , Enkin Randolph J. , Percival Jeanne B. , Russell Hazen A.J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDownhole nuclear magnetic resonance technology was applied in four boreholes intersecting glaciomarine sediments of the Ottawa Valley, Ontario. The study evaluated the ability of slim‐hole nuclear magnetic resonance tools to measure in situ volumetric water contents (porosities in saturated sediments) for geohazard and hydrogeological applications. The sediments are composed of clay‐ and silt‐sized grains of glacially eroded rock flour derived from the Precambrian Shield containing trace amounts of magnetic minerals, and porosities ranging from 40 to 74 porosity units (PU, 1% porosity = 1 PU). Two nuclear magnetic resonance instruments were deployed with echo times of 0.5 and 1.0 ms, and diameters of investigation ranging from 14.0 to 30.5 cm. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance porosities in the sediments were typically within ±5 PU (95% within ±10 PU) of core calibration data sets in the silty clays where threshold bulk magnetic susceptibility values were <30 × 10−4 SI. This was found to deviate, however, where the concentration and mineralogy of magnetic particles changed, interpreted to be shortening relaxation times which led to underestimation of true water contents. This effect is correlated with a change in depth from magnetite to superparamagnetic nanoparticles of greigite (low‐temperature iron monosulphide) magnetism, interpreted to occur at the sulphate‐methane interface. Clay mineralogy and pore water chemistry were also examined as contributing factors, but were not found to significantly shorten nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation responses. Very short T2 times (<2 ms) are typical in these particular silty clays, requiring a tool with an echo spacing of <1.0 ms. Due to increased potential for sediment disturbance around a well caused by the geotechnical sensitivity of the sediments, a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument with multiple frequencies provided signal penetration out to various diameters around the tool, giving needed information about the size of the disturbed zone surrounding the casing.
Vector P‐ and S‐wave pre‐stack reverse‐time migration for tunnel spaces
Authors: Luo Shuai , Guangyin Lu , Zhu Ziqiang , Xia Chengzhi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTMigration is considered to be a key step in the data processing of the seismic advancement predictions of tunnels, and it directly affects the final interpretations. Therefore, with the goal of addressing the limitations of the current acoustic reverse‐time migration processes, as well as deepening the understanding of the interactions between different wave modes in traditional elastic reverse‐time migration, a vector P‐ and S‐wave reverse‐time migration method is proposed in this study. Consideration is given to the actual tunnel spaces, and forward calculations and reverse‐time extrapolations of the wavefields are carried out based on the first‐order velocity‐stress elastic wave equation of P‐ and S‐wave separation and a high‐order staggered‐grid algorithm. The imaging conditions of a source‐normalized cross‐correlation are used to realize the imaging. Then, a Laplace filtering method is adopted to suppress the low‐frequency artefacts. Numerical simulations of the weak interlayer and karst cave models show that the proposed method had the ability to more effectively suppress noise and achieve high‐precision imaging of tunnel spaces, when compared with using horizontal or vertical components to directly obtain the images. The positions and shapes within the tunnel spaces can be accurately imaged regardless of whether they are lithologic interfaces or local geological bodies. This is found to improve the resolution and accuracy of the tunnel advancement predictions. Finally, the proposed method is successfully applied to the real data processing, and the effects are found to be satisfactory.
Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic differences in incidence of pediatric embryonal tumors in the United States
Authors: Geris Jennifer M. , Spector Logan G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of childhood cancers and its social patterning remains largely unknown. Accounting for socioeconomic status (SES) when exploring the association between race/ethnicity and cancer incidence is necessary to better understand such etiology. We aimed to investigate differences in the incidence of embryonal tumors (ETs) by SES and race/ethnicity in the United States using population‐based registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.ProcedureChildren with ETs aged 0‐19 years diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 were ascertained from the census tract‐level SEER database. SES was measured using a tract‐level composite index. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by SES quintile and race/ethnicity were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models.ResultsThe majority of tumors had lower incidence among nonwhite children compared with non‐Hispanic (NH) white children, after controlling for SES. NH blacks had a higher incidence of Wilms tumor than NH whites (IRR: 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.39). There was an increasing linear trend (P = 0.0001) across increasing SES quintile for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma after controlling for race/ethnicity. Effect modification by race/ethnicity of the relationship between SES and tumor incidence was observed for several groups. Hispanics had a significant, linear trend (P = 0.0005) in the incidence of Wilms tumor, while Asian/Pacific Islanders experienced a significant inverse trend (P = 0.0002).ConclusionsResults from this study suggest differences in the incidence of several ETs by race/ethnicity and that these differences may be modified by SES. Investigation of potential risk factors that are socially patterned is warranted.
Active fault detection based on set‐membership approach for uncertain discrete‐time systems
Authors: Wang Jing , Shi Yuru , Zhou Meng , Wang Ye , Puig Vicenç 
Published: July 2020

SummaryActive fault detection facilitates determination of the fault characteristics by injecting proper auxiliary input signals into the system. This article proposes an observer‐based on‐line active fault detection method for discrete‐time systems with bounded uncertainties. First, the output including disturbances, measurement noise and interval uncertainties at each sample time is enclosed in a zonotope. In order to reduce the conservativeness in the fault detection process, a zonotopic observer is designed to estimate the system states allowing to generate the output zonotopes. Then, a proper auxiliary input signal is designed to separate the output zonotopes of the faulty model from the healthy model that is injected into the system to facilitate the detection of small fault . Since the auxiliary input signal generation leads to a nonconvex optimization problem, it is transformed into a mixed integer quadratic programming problem. Finally, a case study based on a DC motor is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Smallholders Use of Weather Information as Smart Adaptation Strategy in the Savannah Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Alliagbor Rasheedat , Awolala David Olufemi , Ajibefun Igbekele Amos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWeather information is needed for smart decisions because uncertainties in weather phenomena are beyond capacity of smallholders for autonomous responses. The study analyzed determinants of farmers’ use of weather information as smart adaptation strategy. Arable crop farmers were sampled in the derived savannah agro-ecology area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Heckman probit model estimates show that gender and agricultural extension services were significant positive drivers of farmers’ access to weather information. Should weather information becomes an alternative adaptation strategy, access to credit was found as the major driver of farmers’ propensity to use weather information before taking climate smart agricultural decisions. Further results reveal that increasing knowledge of onset date, large farm size, and access to agricultural extension services significantly reduced farmers’ propensity to use improved weather information for smart decisions in the dry savannah area.
Modeling the Optimal Transportation for Acute Stroke Treatment
Authors: Ernst Marielle , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Schlemm Eckhard , Holodinsky Jessalyn K. , Kamal Noreen , Rodt Thomas , Henningsen Henning , Kraemer Christoffer , Thomalla Götz , Fiehler Jens , Brekenfeld Caspar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Prolonged transfer times between the primary stroke center (PSC) and the comprehensive stroke center (CSC) are one of the major causes of treatment delay for endovascular stroke treatment. We aimed to analyze the effect of the diurnal variations in traffic rates at weekdays and weekends on the catchment area size of three transportation paradigms, i.e. mothership, drip-and-ship (DS) and drip-and-drive (DD).

Methods
A conditional probability model that predicts the probability of good outcome for patients with suspected large vessel occlusion was used to analyze the prehospital stroke triage in northwest Germany and produce catchment area maps. Transportation times were calculated during each hour of a weekday and a Sunday using Google Maps. For comparison, real DD transportation times from our CSC in Hamburg-Eppendorf (blinded for review) to a PSC in Lüneburg were prospectively recorded.

Result
On weekdays, the mothership catchment area was the largest (≥40,000 km2, 63%) except for a decrease during morning rush hours, when the DD catchment area was highest (30,879 km2, 48%). The DS catchment area was higher than the DD catchment area during the afternoon rush hours both during the week as well as on Sundays.

Conclusion
Our study showed a considerable impact of the diurnal variations in traffic rate and direction of travel on optimal stroke transportation. Stroke systems of care should take real time traffic information into account.
Validity of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C): Classical test theory and item response theory of the Persian YFAS-C
Authors: Lin Chung-Ying , Imani Vida , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine whether the child/adolescent version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS-C) is valid to assess the Iranian adolescents who are overweight.MethodsAfter using an internationally standardized method to translate the YFAS-C into Persian, 1186 overweight/obese adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years participated in the present study [666 males; mean age = 15.5 (SD = 1.9) years; zBMI = 2.5 (1.0) kg/m2]. All the participants completed the Persian YFAS-C alongside Persian versions of the following scales: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ), Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21).ResultsAt the scale level, confirmatory factor analysis verified the single-factor structure of the Persian YFAS-C. Additionally, the Persian YFAS-C had promising properties regarding internal consistency (KR20 = 0.81), test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83), separation reliability (person separation reliability = 0.77; item separation reliability = 0.98), and separation index (person separation index = 2.04; item separation index = 8.01). At the item level, all items had satisfactory properties in factor loadings, corrected item-total correlation, test–retest reliability, and infit and outfit mean square. Moreover, no substantial differential item functioning (DIF) was found concerning gender (male vs. female) or weight status (overweight vs. obesity). Significant and moderate correlations were found between the Persian YFAS-C and other psychometric scales assessing eating symptomatology and general psychopathology (r = 0.352 to 0.484).ConclusionThe Persian YFAS-C is a valid instrument that assists healthcare providers in assessing food addiction among Iranian adolescents.Level of evidenceLevel V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Intranasal delivery of BDNF rescues memory deficits in AD11 mice and reduces brain microgliosis
Authors: Braschi Chiara , Capsoni Simona , Narducci Roberta , Poli Andrea , Sansevero Gabriele , Brandi Rossella , Maffei Lamberto , Cattaneo Antonino , Berardi Nicoletta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin essential for synaptic function, plasticity and neuronal survival, is evident early in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), being apparent in subjects with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD, and both proBDNF and mature BDNF levels are positively correlated with cognitive measures. BDNF delivery is, therefore, considered of great interest as a potentially useful therapeutic strategy to contrast AD. Invasive BDNF administration has indeed been recently used in animal models of AD with promising results in rescuing memory deficits, synaptic density and cell loss. Here, we tested whether non-invasive intranasal administration of different BDNF concentrations after the onset of cognitive and anatomical deficits (6 months of age) could rescue neuropathological and memory deficits in AD11 mice, a model of NGF deprivation-induced neurodegeneration. In addition to AD hallmarks, we investigated BDNF effects on microglia presence in the brain of AD11 mice, since alterations in microglia activation have been associated with ageing-related cognitive decline and with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. We found that intranasal delivery of 42 pmol BDNF (1 μM), but not PBS, was sufficient to completely rescue performance of AD11 mice both in the object recognition test and in the object context test. No further improvement was obtained with 420 pmol (10 μM) BDNF dose. The strong improvement in memory performance in BDNF-treated mice was not accompanied by an amelioration of AD-like pathology, Aβ burden, tau hyperphosphorylation and cholinergic deficit, but there was a dramatic decrease of CD11b immunoreactive brain microglia. These results reinforce the potential therapeutic uses of BDNF in AD and the non-invasive intranasal route as an effective delivery strategy of BDNF to the brain. They also strengthen the connection between neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative dementia and suggest microglia as a possible mediator of BDNF therapeutic actions in the brain.
Analysis of a spatially inhomogeneous stochastic partial differential equation epidemic model
Authors: Nguyen Dang H. , Nguyen Nhu N. , Yin George 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work proposes and analyzes a family of spatially inhomogeneous epidemic models. This is our first effort to use stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) to model epidemic dynamics with spatial variations and environmental noise. After setting up the problem, the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the underlying SPDEs are examined. Then, definitions of permanence and extinction are given, and certain sufficient conditions are provided for permanence and extinction. Our hope is that this paper will open up windows for investigation of epidemic models from a new angle.
Representations of component importance for coherent systems with exchangeable components
Authors: Pitzen S. , Burkschat M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo definitions of Birnbaum’s importance measure for coherent systems are studied in the case of exchangeable components. Representations of these measures in terms of distribution functions of the ordered component lifetimes are given. As an example, coherent systems with failure-dependent component lifetimes based on the notion of sequential order statistics are considered. Furthermore, it is shown that the two measures are ordered in the case of associated component lifetimes. Finally, the limiting behavior of the measures with respect to time is examined.