bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of different welding power current on A36 carbon steel toward ship embroidery with heat annealing treatment process
Authors: Pramono S , Waaddulloh M , Suharso D D , Purnomo Hendra , Oktoberty  , Gunarti M R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The welding process can occur in shipbuilding with steel material. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on welding. this research was conducted welding with different amperes with heat annealing treatment. The welding process used in ASTM A36 steel carbon welding or Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) with 9 mm thickness. Finally, a test was conducted including A36 carbon steel content test, NDT test, tensile test, and microstructure test. The result showed that the highest tensile stength value was 559,410 MPa in speciation 1 with 110 amide and the lowest tensile strength value of 556,473 MPa at 60 amperes. The NDT test using chemical substance showed that there was undercut on the welding in speciation 1 with amperage 60 amperes; while, speciation 2 with 110 Volt amperage there is no undercut in the welding area. From the results of the structure test microstructure showed that the pearlite and ferrite grains are formed smaller and tight because there is the influence of heat that is given in welding process, in which the smaller the number the greater the number of hardness of a material.
Implementation of Computer Bases Assessment on Students’ Aptitude Using Online and Multimedia Test for Talent Mapping
Authors: Khairudin M. , Wulandari F. , Mardapi D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Each individual has different aptitudes and personalities. As a very important role, schools can map students’ interests according to students’ talents and interests. This is very important because proper placement of interest can support students’ academic ability. This study aims to create a standard measurement that can be used for mapping and tracking students’ talent in high school becomes easier and measurable. There are 5 aspects related to aptitudes in this research such as visual reasoning test, numerical reasoning test, verbal analysis test, spatial recognition test and vocabulary test. The Rasch model was used to analyze the difficulty level of the item, and from the results of the study showed that the difficulty level of the item was in the normal distribution at the interval - 4.5735 to 6.4989. By using the Google Form tool, students’ aptitudes tests are developed and presented in varied form and can provide test result information automatically. The use of Google Form has several advantages, such as (1) the test does not have to be done simultaneously at the same time and place, (2) the item can be made more interesting because it can use images and audio visual facilities and (3) there is no need to duplicate the test paper since it is computer-based tests to minimize test administration.
Taking inspiration from climbing plants: methodologies and benchmarks—a review
Authors: Fiorello Isabella , Del Dottore Emanuela , Tramacere Francesca , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One of the major challenges in robotics and engineering is to develop efficient technological solutions that are able to cope with complex environments and unpredictable constraints. Taking inspiration from natural organisms is a well-known approach to tackling these issues. Climbing plants are an important, yet innovative, source of inspiration due to their ability to adapt to diverse habitats, and can be used as a model for developing robots and smart devices for exploration and monitoring, as well as for search and rescue operations. This review reports the main methodologies and approaches used by scientists to investigate and extract the features of climbing plants that are relevant to the artificial world in terms of adaptation, movement, and behaviour, and it summarizes the current available climbing plant-inspired engineering solutions.
Methane emissions from underground gas storage in California
Authors: Thorpe Andrew K , Duren Riley M , Conley Stephen , Prasad Kuldeep R , Bue Brian D , Yadav Vineet , Foster Kelsey T , Rafiq Talha , Hopkins Francesca M , Smith Mackenzie L , Fischer Marc L , Thompson David R , Frankenberg Christian , McCubbin Ian B , Eastwood Michael L , Green Robert O , Miller Charles E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Accurate and timely detection, quantification, and attribution of methane emissions from Underground Gas Storage (UGS) facilities is essential for improving confidence in greenhouse gas inventories, enabling emission mitigation by facility operators, and supporting efforts to assess facility integrity and safety. We conducted multiple airborne surveys of the 12 active UGS facilities in California between January 2016 and November 2017 using advanced remote sensing and in situ observations of near-surface atmospheric methane (CH4). These measurements where combined with wind data to derive spatially and temporally resolved methane emission estimates for California UGS facilities and key components with spatial resolutions as small as 1–3 m and revisit intervals ranging from minutes to months. The study spanned normal operations, malfunctions, and maintenance activity from multiple facilities including the active phase of the Aliso Canyon blowout incident in 2016 and subsequent return to injection operations in summer 2017. We estimate that the net annual methane emissions from the UGS sector in California averaged between 11.0 ± 3.8 GgCH4 yr−1 (remote sensing) and 12.3 ± 3.8 GgCH4 yr−1 (in situ). Net annual methane emissions for the 7 facilities that reported emissions in 2016 were estimated between 9.0 ± 3.2 GgCH4 yr−1 (remote sensing) and 9.5 ± 3.2 GgCH4 yr−1 (in situ), in both cases around 5 times higher than reported. The majority of methane emissions from UGS facilities in this study are likely dominated by anomalous activity: higher than expected compressor loss and leaking bypass isolation valves. Significant variability was observed at different time-scales: daily compressor duty-cycles and infrequent but large emissions from compressor station blow-downs. This observed variability made comparison of remote sensing and in situ observations challenging given measurements were derived largely at different times, however, improved agreement occurred when comparing simultaneous measurements. Temporal variability in emissions remains one of the most challenging aspects of UGS emissions quantification, underscoring the need for more systematic and persistent methane monitoring.
A review on MXene for energy storage application: effect of interlayer distance
Authors: Garg Ruby , Agarwal Alpana , Agarwal Mohit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To meet the energy needs batteries and supercapacitors are evolved as a promising candidate from the class of energy storage devices. The growth in the development of new 2D electrode materials brings a new revolution in energy storage devices with a comprehensive investigation. MXene, a new family of 2D metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides due to their attractive electrical and electrochemical properties e.g. hydrophilicity, conductivity, surface area, topological structure have gained huge attention. In this review, we discussed different MXene synthesis routes using different etchants e.g. hydrofluoric acid, ammonium hydrazine, lithium fluoride, and hydrochloric acid, etc showing that fluorine formation is compulsory to etch the aluminum layer from its precursor. Due to the advantage of large interlayer spacing between the MXene layers in MXene, the effect of intercalation on the performance of batteries and supercapacitors using MXene as electrodes by various sized cations are reviewed. Different MXene hybrids as supercapacitor electrodes will also be summarized. Lastly, the conclusion and future scope of MXene to be done in various supercapacitor applications are also presented.
Effects of target current density on the ionization rate of deposited particles and breakdown strength of AlN films
Authors: Liu Hongri , Li Hongtao , Jiang Bailing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aluminum nitride (AlN) films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering using two high purity aluminum targets, at selected target current densities (0.055, 0.083, 0.110 and 0.138 A cm−2). The effects of the target current density on the ionization rate of Al atoms, morphology, chemical composition, crystal structure and breakdown strength of AlN films were studied by self-made device, SEM, XPS, XRD and withstanding voltage tester. It was found that the ionization rate of Al atoms gradually increased from 6% to 19% as target current density increased to 0.138 A cm−2. The results of XPS showed that the Al/N atomic ratio of AlN films gradually approached 1:1. Compared with low target current densities, the AlN films deposited at 0.110 and 0.138 A cm−2 exhibited a fine-crystal structure with average grain size <15 nm, good columnar structure with no obvious voids, and high breakdown strength. This indicated that Al atoms with high ionization rate could be applied to improve the insulation performance of AlN films.
Genomic Determinants of Hypertension With a Focus on Metabolomics and the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Louca Panayiotis , Menni Cristina , Padmanabhan Sandosh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Epidemiologic and genomic studies have progressively improved our understanding of the causation of hypertension and the complex relationship with diet and environment. The majority of Mendelian forms of syndromic hypotension and hypertension (HTN) have all been linked to mutations in genes whose encoded proteins regulate salt–water balance in the kidney, supporting the primacy of the kidneys in blood pressure regulation. There are more than 1,477 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with blood pressure and hypertension and the challenge is establishing a causal role for these variants. Hypertension is a complex multifactorial phenotype and it is likely to be influenced by multiple factors including interactions between diet and lifestyle factors, microbiome, and epigenetics. Given the finite genetic variability that is possible in humans, it is likely that incremental gains from single marker analyses have now plateaued and a greater leap in our understanding of the genetic basis of disease will come from integration of other omics and the interacting environmental factors. In this review, we focus on emerging results from the microbiome and metabolomics and discuss how leveraging these findings may facilitate a deeper understanding of the interrelationships between genomics, diet, and microbial ecology in humans in the causation of essential hypertension.
Mapping Short Association Fibers in the Early Cortical Visual Processing Stream Using In Vivo Diffusion Tractography
Authors: Movahedian Attar Fakhereh , Kirilina Evgeniya , Haenelt Daniel , Pine Kerrin J , Trampel Robert , Edwards Luke J , Weiskopf Nikolaus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractShort association fibers (U-fibers) connect proximal cortical areas and constitute the majority of white matter connections in the human brain. U-fibers play an important role in brain development, function, and pathology but are underrepresented in current descriptions of the human brain connectome, primarily due to methodological challenges in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) of these fibers. High spatial resolution and dedicated fiber and tractography models are required to reliably map the U-fibers. Moreover, limited quantitative knowledge of their geometry and distribution makes validation of U-fiber tractography challenging. Submillimeter resolution diffusion MRI—facilitated by a cutting-edge MRI scanner with 300 mT/m maximum gradient amplitude—was used to map U-fiber connectivity between primary and secondary visual cortical areas (V1 and V2, respectively) in vivo. V1 and V2 retinotopic maps were obtained using functional MRI at 7T. The mapped V1–V2 connectivity was retinotopically organized, demonstrating higher connectivity for retinotopically corresponding areas in V1 and V2 as expected. The results were highly reproducible, as demonstrated by repeated measurements in the same participants and by an independent replication group study. This study demonstrates a robust U-fiber connectivity mapping in vivo and is an important step toward construction of a more complete human brain connectome.
Clinical Course and Outcome of Human Monkeypox in Nigeria
Authors: Ogoina Dimie , Iroezindu Michael , James Hendris Izibewule , Oladokun Regina , Yinka-Ogunleye Adesola , Wakama Paul , Otike-odibi Bolaji , Usman Liman Muhammed , Obazee Emmanuel , Aruna Olusola , Ihekweazu Chikwe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In a retrospective review of hospital records of 40 human monkeypox cases from Nigeria, the majority developed fever and self-limiting vesiculopustular skin eruptions. Five deaths were reported. Compared to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–negative cases, HIV type 1–coinfected cases had more prolonged illness, larger lesions, and higher rates of both secondary bacterial skin infections and genital ulcers.
Evaluation of Sustained Virologic Response as a Relevant Surrogate Endpoint for Long-term Outcomes of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Krassenburg Lisette A P , Zanjir Wayel R , Georgie Firas , Stotland Emily , Janssen Harry L A , Hansen Bettina E , Feld Jordan J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The causal link of sustained virologic response (SVR) with outcome has been challenged. With improved SVR rates with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), the benefit of SVR would be expected to diminish if the association with outcome is not causal.

Methods
Data were collected for patients starting treatment with interferon (IFN) or DAAs between June 2006 and December 2016. To control for disease severity, criteria for the IDEAL (Individualized Dosing Efficacy vs. Flat Dosing to Assess Optimal Pegylated Interferon Therapy) trial determined IFN-eligibility. Clinical events were decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and all-cause mortality.

Results
In 1078 IDEAL-eligible patients, 1306 treatments occurred (52% IFN, 49% DAAs). Cirrhosis was present in 30% DAAs vs 21% IFN (P &lt; .001). SVR was 97% with DAAs vs 52% with IFN (P &lt; .0001). The 24-month cumulative event-free survival was 99% for IFN and 97% for DAAs with SVR (P = .08) and 96% and 75%, respectively, for non-SVR (P = .01). SVR was associated with improved event-free survival with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.21 (95% confidence interval, .06–.71; P = .01). Using inverse probability of treatment weighting to match IFN nonresponders with DAA-treated patients, the 24-month event-rate was 1.1% with DAAs compared to 3.4% in IFN nonresponders (P = .005), highlighting the clinical benefit of maximizing SVR.

Conclusions
In IFN-eligible patients, SVR is more commonly achieved with DAAs and confers a similar clinical benefit as in those treated with IFN. The reduced event-rate with DAAs compared to IFN, despite similar disease severity, confirm that SVR alters prognosis leading to improved clinical outcomes.
Inter-Laboratory Agreement of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Concentrations Measured Intact by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Moncrieffe Danielle , Cox Holly D , Carletta Samantha , Becker Jessica O , Thomas Andreas , Eichner Daniel , Ahrens Brian , Thevis Mario , Bowers Larry D , Cowan David A , Hoofnagle Andrew N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) is measured mainly by immunoassay for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) disorders, and to detect misuse of GH in sport. Immunoassays often have insufficient inter-laboratory agreement, especially between commercial kits. Over the expected range of IGF-1 in blood (∼50–500 ng/mL), in an inter-laboratory study we previously established a measurement imprecision of 11% (%CV) for the digested protein analyzed by LC-MS. Measuring intact IGF-1 by LC-MS should be simpler. However, no inter-laboratory agreement has been published.

Methods
Intact and trypsin-digested IGF-1 in 32 serum samples from healthy volunteers and human growth hormone administration studies were analyzed by LC-MS using different instruments in five laboratories, as well as by immunoassay in a single laboratory. Another 100 samples were analyzed for IGF-1, both intact and after trypsin-digestion, in each laboratory by LC-MS. The statistical relationship between measurements and the imprecision of each assay group was assessed.

Results
An intra-laboratory variability of 2-4% CV was obtained. Inter-laboratory variability was greater at 14.5% CV. Orthogonal regression of intact versus trypsin-digestion methods (n = 646) gave a slope of 1.01 and intercept of 2.05 ng/mL.

Conclusions
LC-MS measurements of IGF-1 by intact and trypsin-digestion methods are not statistically different and each is similar to immunoassay. The two LC-MS approaches may be used interchangeably or together to eliminate concerns regarding an immunoassay IGF-1 measurement. Because intact and digested IGF-1 measurements generally agreed within 20% of each other, we propose this as a criterion of assay acceptability.
Associations of Cardiac, Kidney, and Diabetes Biomarkers With Peripheral Neuropathy among Older Adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Hicks Caitlin W , Wang Dan , Daya Natalie R , Windham B Gwen , Ballantyne Christie M , Matsushita Kunihiro , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to assess the association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTnT) and other cardiac, kidney, hyperglycemia, and inflammatory biomarkers with peripheral neuropathy (PN) in a community-based population.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3056 black and white participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who underwent standardized monofilament PN testing and had measures of cardiac function (hs-cTnT, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], and growth differentiation factor 15 [GDF15]), kidney function (serum creatinine, cystatin C, β-2 microglobulin, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio), hyperglycemia (fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c [Hb A1c], fructosamine, glycated albumin, 1,5-anhydroglucitol), and inflammation (C-reactive protein) assessed at visit 6 (2016–2017; age 71–94 years). We used logistic regression to assess the associations of these biomarkers (modeled in diabetes-specific tertiles) with PN in older adults with and without diabetes after adjusting for traditional risk factors.

Results
In total, 33.5% of participants had PN (37.3% with diabetes and 31.9% without diabetes). There was an independent association of hs-cTnT with PN regardless of diabetes status (diabetes T3 vs. T1: odds ratio [OR], 2.15 [95% CI, 1.44–3.22]; no diabetes: OR, 2.31 [95%CI, 1.76–3.03]; P = 0.72 for interaction). Among participants without diabetes, there were also significant associations of NT-proBNP (OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.08–1.81]) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.22–1.97]) with PN. Associations of hyperglycemia biomarkers including Hb A1c (OR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.22–2.54]), fructosamine (OR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.19–2.46]), and glycated albumin (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.03–2.03]) with PN were significant only among participants with diabetes.

Conclusions
Overall, hs-cTnT appears to be a global marker of end organ damage, including PN. Laboratory biomarkers may be able to help us identify those individuals with PN.
Clustering-Evolutionary Random Support Vector Machine Ensemble for fMRI-Based Asperger Syndrome Diagnosis
Authors: Bi Xia-an , Wu Hao , Hu Xi , Fu Yu , Peng Shaoliang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It is a hot spot in the field of computer application to diagnose complex brain diseases such as Asperger syndrome (AS) using machine learning technology. To identify AS patients and detect lesions, this paper proposes a novel clustering-evolutionary random support vector machine (SVM) ensemble (CERSVME) based on graph theory. Firstly, we extract graph theory indexes from the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data as sample features and construct an ensemble learner by integrating multiple SVM classifiers. Secondly, the base learners with high redundancy and poor classification ability are deleted through clustering evolutions to improve the performance of the model. Then the CERSVME model is used to classify fMRI image of AS patients and healthy controls. According to the classification results, a multi-stage analysis scheme is designed to find the AS-related brain areas. We validate the proposed approach on 135 participants from autism brain imaging data exchange cohort. The highest accuracy reported by the CERSVME reaches 95.24%. More importantly, the diseased brain areas such as middle frontal gyrus, hippocampus and precuneus are found based on their contributions to classification performances of the CERSVME. Our study provides useful assistances for the clinical detection of patients with AS.
‘In the name of humanity’: redefining socio-economic assistance in the revolutionary marketplace
Authors: Jarvis Katie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Most studies of socio-economic rights in the French Revolution have focused on how officials and other deliverers of aid struggled to redefine assistance, rather than on how recipients themselves contributed to the idea. In contrast, this article centres on poor Parisian market women called the Dames des Halles to bring to light the voices, discourses, and actions of individuals demanding rights and assistance. The Dames had relied on charity and privilege to conduct their commerce during the Old Regime, but the Revolution upended their advantages. Balancing discourses of humanity and utility, the Dames sought to recalibrate their place in the body politic in order to maintain occupational exemptions, favourable commercial positions, and exceptional access to public space. Their battles reveal how everyday citizens and the National Assembly first struggled to reinterpret socio-economic assistance as corrupt privilege, as the state’s civic duty, or as exemptions earned by poor working citizens.
Network Euphoria, Super-Information Systems and the West German Plan for a National Database System
Authors: Frohman Larry 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Much attention has been devoted to planning as the key concept in political discourse of the Federal Republic from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s. Much less attention has been paid to the closely related notion of information. At the turn of the 1970s, one of the most important initiatives of the West German government in the informational domain was a proposed national database network. The conception of politics that underlay this project bundled the utopian aspirations associated with the use of computers to integrate and analyse information with the conviction that more, better and different kinds of information would make complex, industrial societies like the Federal Republic more governable. The West German database network embodied two complementary modernist visions: the dream of total data integration and the antithetical but equally seductive documentarian belief that the problems of information management could be solved by reducing the symbolic field within which information was always embedded to stable, elemental units of meaning. However, the plan for a national database network collapsed before it could even fully make it onto the drawing board. This article argues that the project failed not because of privacy concerns, but because these modernist visions quickly ran up against limits that were as much political and conceptual as technological. In the end all that was left was a documentation system for the federal government in which the connections to social planning, which had provided much of the original impetus for the system, had all but disappeared.