bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Klingon to Colbertian: Using Artificial Languages to Study Word Learning
Authors: Hayakawa Sayuri , Ning Siqi , Marian Viorica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVocabulary acquisition is a critical part of learning a new language. Yet, due to structural, historical, and individual variability associated with natural languages, isolating the impact of specific factors on word learning can be challenging. Artificial languages are versatile tools for addressing this problem, allowing researchers to systematically manipulate properties of the language and control for learners’ past experiences. Here, we review how artificial languages have been used to study bilingual word learning, with a particular focus on the influences of language input (e.g., word properties) and language experience (e.g., bilingualism). We additionally discuss the advantages and limitations of artificial languages for bilingual research and suggest resources for researchers considering the use of artificial languages. Used and interpreted properly, artificial language studies can inform our understanding of a wide range of factors relevant to word learning.
Unpacking Impasse-Related Experience during Insight
Authors: Shen Wangbing , Yuan Yuan , Lu Fang , Liu Chang , Luo Jing , Zhou Zhijin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mental impasse has long been recognized as a hallmark of creative insight, but its precise role has been unexplored. The aim of the present work, consisting of two studies, was to experimentally probe mental impasse perspective from insight experience, namely impasse-related experience during insight. In Study 1, participants were requested to complete a compound remote association task and a forced-choice subjective experience depiction task that could provide data on impasse-related experience. The results showed that reports of negative experience, such as feelings of loss (t = –5.51, p < .001, Cohen d = 1.07) and personal experience (mirrored by ‘other’ response; t = –2.62, p < .05, Cohen d = 0.48), were more common in the impasse condition than in the no-impasse condition; correspondingly positive affect and positive cognitive experiences such as happiness (t = 4.20, p < .001, Cohen d = 0.77), ease (t = 5.90, p < .001, Cohen d = 1.20), certainty (t = 7.46, p < .001, Cohen d = 1.36) and calmness (t = 4.42, p < .001, Cohen d = 0.81) were experienced more frequently in the no-impasse condition. These findings were replicated in Study 2, in which participants were invited to solve a set of classic insight problems and to freely report any feelings of being at an impasse. Across two studies, this work suggests that impasse-related experience during insight problem solving is multi-faceted and consists of negative affective and cognitive components. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The Indian Ocean Deep Meridional Overturning Circulation in Three Ocean Reanalysis Products
Authors: Jayasankar T. , Murtugudde R. , Eldho T.I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe time mean Indian Ocean (IO) deep meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is compared across three ocean reanalysis products (ORAS4, GECCO2, and GFDL). The MOC stream functions obtained by vertically integrating the mass flux across a latitude‐depth section in three products are found to be significantly different from each other. Detailed analysis suggests that ORAS4 delivers the best depiction of IO MOC. The inferred IO deep MOC consists of two deep and strong counterclockwise cells located south of 30°S and around 10°S, respectively. The geostrophic component along with the barotropic or external mode dominates the former, and a combination of Ekman and geostrophic components dominates the latter. GECCO2 depicts a steady decline in the northward meridional transport in the bottom layer and a consequent reduction in the MOC strength. The tropical thermocline in GECCO2 responds to this MOC variability leading to rapid and monotonic warming of the tropical IO.
Spatiotemporal Profiling of Tropical Cyclones Genesis and Favorable Environmental Conditions in the Western Pacific Basin
Authors: Lu Mengqian , Xiong Rui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe analyze the spatiotemporal variations of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis and associated environmental conditions over the western North Pacific with a series of data science techniques, including Gaussian kernel estimator, wavelet, cross‐wavelet coherence, and regression analyses. There are significant semiannual and annual variations of TC genesis over the northern South China Sea and oceanic areas east of the Philippines. Variations on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation timescale are prominent between 5–10°N, 155–160°E. With reconstructed TC series on those frequencies, we further quantify the influences of environmental variables on the primary TC signals over western North Pacific. Over northern South China Sea and oceanic areas east of the Philippines, 40% of the reconstructed TC variance can be explained by vertical shear of zonal wind, relative humidity, and absolute vorticity. The reconstructed TC series near (160°E, 7°N) has strong but varying in‐phase relationships with El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which provides deeper insight into their nonstationary and nonlinear relations than their modest correlation.
Ionospheric Response to Disturbed Winds During the 29 October 2003 Geomagnetic Storm in the Brazilian Sector
Authors: Bravo M.A. , Batista I.S. , Souza J.R. , Foppiano A.J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModeling the ionosphere during disturbed periods is one of the most challenging tasks due to the complexity of the phenomena that affect the electric fields and the whole thermosphere environment. It is well known that both, prompt penetration electric fields and large amounts of energy deposited in the polar region during disturbed periods, produce significant disturbances in the global electron density distribution, in particular, in the equatorial ionization anomaly development. Besides, the disturbance dynamo, traveling atmospheric disturbances, and traveling ionospheric disturbances also affect the equatorial ionization anomaly density distribution. In this work we use the Sheffield University Plasmasphere‐Ionosphere Model at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, to simulate the drastic effects that were observed at the low‐latitude ionosphere in the Brazilian region during a very intense magnetic storm event, the so‐called 2003 Halloween storms. In the absence of measured vertical drift during the storm, a new vertical drift deduced from the interplanetary electric field combined with the time variation of the F region virtual height is used as input. The simulation results showed that, in the case of the disturbed thermospheric wind, the ionospheric observations are better explained when a novel traveling wave‐like disturbance propagating from north to south, at a velocity equal to 300 m/s, is considered.
Texture and Composition of Titan's Equatorial Sand Seas Inferred From Cassini SAR Data: Implications for Aeolian Transport and Dune Morphodynamics
Authors: Lucas A. , Rodriguez S. , Lemonnier F. , Le Gall A. , MacKenzie S. , Ferrari C. , Paillou P. , Narteau C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe texture, composition, and morphology of dunes observed in the equatorial regions of Titan may reflect present and/or past climatic conditions. Determining the physio‐chemical properties and the morphodynamics of Titan's dunes is therefore essential to understanding of the climatic and geological history of the largest moon of Saturn. We quantitatively derived average surface properties of dune and interdune areas (texture and composition) from modeling of the microwave backscattered signal and Monte Carlo inversion of the despeckled Cassini/Synthetic Aperture Radar data over Titan's three largest sand seas: Belet, Shangri‐La, and Fensal. We present the first analysis of the backscatter functions extracted from despeckled Synthetic Aperture Radar images that cover such a large range in incidence angles, including data from the beginning of the Cassini mission up to its Grand Finale. We show that dunes and interdunes have significantly different physical properties. Dunes are found to be more microwave absorbent than interdunes. Additionally, potential secondary bedforms, such as ripples and avalanches, may have been detected, providing potential evidence for currently active dunes and sediment transport. Our modeling shows that the interdunes have multiscale roughnesses with higher dielectric constants than the dunes which have a low dielectric constant consistent with organic sand. The radar brightness of the interdunes can be explained by the presence of a shallow layer of significantly larger organic grains, possibly nonmobilized by the winds. Together, our findings suggest that Titan's sand seas evolve under the current multidirectional wind regimes with dunes that elongate with their crests aligned in the residual drift direction.
Long-term efficacy and safety of first-line ibrutinib treatment for patients with CLL/SLL: 5 years of follow-up from the phase 3 RESONATE-2 study
Authors: Burger Jan A. , Barr Paul M. , Robak Tadeusz , Owen Carolyn , Ghia Paolo , Tedeschi Alessandra , Bairey Osnat , Hillmen Peter , Coutre Steven E. , Devereux Stephen , Grosicki Sebastian , McCarthy Helen , Simpson David , Offner Fritz , Moreno Carol , Dai Sandra , Lal Indu , Dean James P. , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
RESONATE-2 is a phase 3 study of first-line ibrutinib versus chlorambucil in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Patients aged ≥65 years (n = 269) were randomized 1:1 to once-daily ibrutinib 420 mg continuously or chlorambucil 0.5–0.8 mg/kg for ≤12 cycles. With a median (range) follow-up of 60 months (0.1–66), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefits for ibrutinib versus chlorambucil were sustained (PFS estimates at 5 years: 70% vs 12%; HR [95% CI]: 0.146 [0.098–0.218]; OS estimates at 5 years: 83% vs 68%; HR [95% CI]: 0.450 [0.266–0.761]). Ibrutinib benefit was also consistent in patients with high prognostic risk (TP53 mutation, 11q deletion, and/or unmutated IGHV) (PFS: HR [95% CI]: 0.083 [0.047–0.145]; OS: HR [95% CI]: 0.366 [0.181–0.736]). Investigator-assessed overall response rate was 92% with ibrutinib (complete response, 30%; 11% at primary analysis). Common grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) included neutropenia (13%), pneumonia (12%), hypertension (8%), anemia (7%), and hyponatremia (6%); occurrence of most events as well as discontinuations due to AEs decreased over time. Fifty-eight percent of patients continue to receive ibrutinib. Single-agent ibrutinib demonstrated sustained PFS and OS benefit versus chlorambucil and increased depth of response over time.
Temperature-dependent changes to host–parasite interactions alter the thermal performance of a bacterial host
Authors: Padfield Daniel , Castledine Meaghan , Buckling Angus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thermal performance curves (TPCs) are used to predict changes in species interactions, and hence, range shifts, disease dynamics and community composition, under forecasted climate change. Species interactions might in turn affect TPCs. Here, we investigate how temperature-dependent changes in a microbial host–parasite interaction (the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, and its lytic bacteriophage, SBW Φ2) changes the host TPC and the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these changes. The bacteriophage had a narrower thermal tolerance for infection, with their critical thermal maximum ~6 °C lower than those at which the bacteria still had high growth. Consequently, in the presence of phage, the host TPC changed, resulting in a lower maximum growth rate. These changes were not just driven by differences in thermal tolerance, with temperature-dependent costs of evolved resistance also playing a major role: the largest cost of resistance occurred at the temperature at which bacteria grew best in the absence of phage. Our work highlights how ecological and evolutionary mechanisms can alter the effect of a parasite on host thermal performance, even over very short timescales.
Ten novel insertion/deletion variants in MECP2 identified in Japanese patients with Rett syndrome
Authors: Takeshita Eri , Iida Aritoshi , Abe-Hatano Chihiro , Nakagawa Eiji , Sasaki Masayuki , Inoue Ken , Goto Yu-ichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked progressive and severe neurological disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2). Among the 49 typical RTT patients examined, we identified 10 novel and eight known insertion/deletion variants, and 31 known pathogenic variants in MECP2. The pathogenic variants presented here should be a useful resource for examining the correlation between the genotypes and phenotypes of RTT.
CUTseq is a versatile method for preparing multiplexed DNA sequencing libraries from low-input samples
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Garnerone Silvano , Simonetti Michele , Harbers Luuk , Nicoś Marcin , Mirzazadeh Reza , Venesio Tiziana , Sapino Anna , Hartman Johan , Marchiò Caterina , Bienko Magda , Crosetto Nicola 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurrent multiplexing strategies for massively parallel sequencing of genomic DNA mainly rely on library indexing in the final steps of library preparation. This procedure is costly and time-consuming, because a library must be generated separately for each sample. Furthermore, library preparation is challenging in the case of fixed samples, such as DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Here we describe CUTseq, a method that uses restriction enzymes and in vitro transcription to barcode and amplify genomic DNA prior to library construction. We thoroughly assess the sensitivity and reproducibility of CUTseq in both cell lines and FFPE samples, and demonstrate an application of CUTseq for multi-region DNA copy number profiling within single FFPE tumor sections, to assess intratumor genetic heterogeneity at high spatial resolution. In conclusion, CUTseq is a versatile and cost-effective method for library preparation for reduced representation genome sequencing, which can find numerous applications in research and diagnostics.
High-speed domain wall racetracks in a magnetic insulator
Authors: Vélez Saül , Schaab Jakob , Wörnle Martin S. , Müller Marvin , Gradauskaite Elzbieta , Welter Pol , Gutgsell Cameron , Nistor Corneliu , Degen Christian L. , Trassin Morgan , Fiebig Manfred , Gambardella Pietro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent reports of current-induced switching of ferrimagnetic oxides coupled to heavy metals have opened prospects for implementing magnetic insulators into electrically addressable devices. However, the configuration and dynamics of magnetic domain walls driven by electrical currents in insulating oxides remain unexplored. Here we investigate the internal structure of the domain walls in Tm3Fe5O12 (TmIG) and TmIG/Pt bilayers, and demonstrate their efficient manipulation by spin–orbit torques with velocities of up to 400 ms−1 and minimal current threshold for domain wall flow of 5 × 106 A cm−2. Domain wall racetracks are defined by Pt current lines on continuous TmIG films, which allows for patterning the magnetic landscape of TmIG in a fast and reversible way. Scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry reveals that the domain walls of TmIG thin films grown on Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 exhibit left-handed Néel chirality, changing to an intermediate Néel–Bloch configuration upon Pt deposition. These results indicate the presence of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in magnetic garnets, opening the possibility to stabilize chiral spin textures in centrosymmetric magnetic insulators.
On-demand orbital maneuver of multiple soft robots via hierarchical magnetomotility
Authors: Won Sukyoung , Kim Sanha , Park Jeong Eun , Jeon Jisoo , Wie Jeong Jae 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMagnetic soft robots facilitate the battery-free remote control of soft robots. However, parallel control of multiple magnetic robots is challenging due to interference between robots and difficult maneuvers. Here we present the orbital maneuvering of manifold magnetic soft robots. Magneto-induced motion (magnetomotility) that includes the hierarchy of rotation and resultant revolution allows for the independent control of the robot’s velocity and orbital radius. The soft robot achieves a speed of 60 body length (BL) s−1, which is approximately 50, 000 times faster with 1/7 the weight of the current lightest legged soft robot. The hierarchical magnetomotility is suitable for versatile locomotion such as stairs and uphill climbing, underwater and above water swimming. Owing to their swimming functionality, a swarm of such soft robots is capable of transportation of cargo. On-demand orbital maneuvering of magnetic soft robots provides a new methodology for concurrent actuation of multiple robots exhibiting collective behaviors.
Rapid single-wavelength lightsheet localization microscopy for clarified tissue
Authors: Chu Li-An , Lu Chieh-Han , Yang Shun-Min , Liu Yen-Ting , Feng Kuan-Lin , Tsai Yun-Chi , Chang Wei-Kun , Wang Wen-Cheng , Chang Shu-Wei , Chen Peilin , Lee Ting-Kuo , Hwu Yeu-Kuang , Chiang Ann-Shyn , Chen Bi-Chang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOptical super-resolution microscopy allows nanoscale imaging of protein molecules in intact biological tissues. However, it is still challenging to perform large volume super-resolution imaging for entire animal organs. Here we develop a single-wavelength Bessel lightsheet method, optimized for refractive-index matching with clarified specimens to overcome the aberrations encountered in imaging thick tissues. Using spontaneous blinking fluorophores to label proteins of interest, we resolve the morphology of most, if not all, dopaminergic neurons in the whole adult brain (3.64 × 107 µm3) of Drosophila melanogaster at the nanometer scale with high imaging speed (436 µm3 per second) for localization. Quantitative single-molecule localization reveals the subcellular distribution of a monoamine transporter protein in the axons of a single, identified serotonergic Dorsal Paired Medial (DPM) neuron. Large datasets are obtained from imaging one brain per day to provide a robust statistical analysis of these imaging data.
Functional profiling of single CRISPR/Cas9-edited human long-term hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Wagenblast Elvin , Azkanaz Maria , Smith Sabrina A. , Shakib Lorien , McLeod Jessica L. , Krivdova Gabriela , Araújo Joana , Shultz Leonard D. , Gan Olga I. , Dick John E. , Lechman Eric R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the human hematopoietic system, rare self-renewing multipotent long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) are responsible for the lifelong production of mature blood cells and are the rational target for clinical regenerative therapies. However, the heterogeneity in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and variable outcomes of CRISPR/Cas9 editing make functional interrogation of rare LT-HSCs challenging. Here, we report high efficiency LT-HSC editing at single-cell resolution using electroporation of modified synthetic gRNAs and Cas9 protein. Targeted short isoform expression of the GATA1 transcription factor elicit distinct differentiation and proliferation effects in single highly purified LT-HSC when analyzed with functional in vitro differentiation and long-term repopulation xenotransplantation assays. Our method represents a blueprint for systematic genetic analysis of complex tissue hierarchies at single-cell resolution.
Metamorphic pressure variation in a coherent Alpine nappe challenges lithostatic pressure paradigm
Authors: Luisier Cindy , Baumgartner Lukas , Schmalholz Stefan M. , Siron Guillaume , Vennemann Torsten 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPressure–temperature–time paths obtained from minerals in metamorphic rocks allow the reconstruction of the geodynamic evolution of mountain ranges under the assumption that rock pressure is lithostatic. This lithostatic pressure paradigm enables converting the metamorphic pressure directly into the rock’s burial depth and, hence, quantifying the rock’s burial and exhumation history. In the coherent Monte Rosa tectonic unit, Western Alps, considerably different metamorphic pressures are determined in adjacent rocks. Here we show with field and microstructural observations, phase petrology and geochemistry that these pressure differences cannot be explained by tectonic mixing, retrogression of high-pressure minerals, or lack of equilibration of mineral assemblages. We propose that the determined pressure difference of 0.8 ± 0.3 GPa is due to deviation from lithostatic pressure. We show with two analytical solutions for compression- and reaction-induced stress in mechanically heterogeneous rock that such pressure differences are mechanically feasible, supporting our interpretation of significant outcrop-scale pressure gradients.
Timing and origin of natural gas accumulation in the Siljan impact structure, Sweden
Authors: Drake Henrik , Roberts Nick M. W. , Heim Christine , Whitehouse Martin J. , Siljeström Sandra , Kooijman Ellen , Broman Curt , Ivarsson Magnus , Åström Mats E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFractured rocks of impact craters may be suitable hosts for deep microbial communities on Earth and potentially other terrestrial planets, yet direct evidence remains elusive. Here, we present a study of the largest crater of Europe, the Devonian Siljan structure, showing that impact structures can be important unexplored hosts for long-term deep microbial activity. Secondary carbonate minerals dated to 80 ± 5 to 22 ± 3 million years, and thus postdating the impact by more than 300 million years, have isotopic signatures revealing both microbial methanogenesis and anaerobic oxidation of methane in the bedrock. Hydrocarbons mobilized from matured shale source rocks were utilized by subsurface microorganisms, leading to accumulation of microbial methane mixed with a thermogenic and possibly a minor abiotic gas fraction beneath a sedimentary cap rock at the crater rim. These new insights into crater hosted gas accumulation and microbial activity have implications for understanding the astrobiological consequences of impacts.
Spin transport in insulators without exchange stiffness
Authors: Oyanagi Koichi , Takahashi Saburo , Cornelissen Ludo J. , Shan Juan , Daimon Shunsuke , Kikkawa Takashi , Bauer Gerrit E. W. , van Wees Bart J. , Saitoh Eiji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe discovery of new materials that efficiently transmit spin currents has been important for spintronics and material science. The electric insulator Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG), a standard substrate for growing magnetic films, can be a spin current generator, but has never been considered as a superior conduit for spin currents. Here we report spin current propagation in paramagnetic GGG over several microns. Surprisingly, spin transport persists up to temperatures of 100 K $$\gg$$
≫
Tg = 180 mK, the magnetic glass-like transition temperature of GGG. At 5 K and 3.5 T, we find a spin diffusion length λGGG = 1.8 ± 0.2 μm and a spin conductivity σGGG = (7.3 ± 0.3) × 104 Sm−1 that is larger than that of the record quality magnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG). We conclude that exchange stiffness is not required for efficient spin transport, which challenges conventional models and provides new material-design strategies for spintronic devices.