bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, social, and psycho-oncological needs of adolescents and young adults (AYA) versus older patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Pulewka Kristin , Strauss Bernhard , Hochhaus Andreas , Hilgendorf Inken 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze demand for information and advice as well as medical, psychological, and social needs of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and older patients (non-AYA) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods
A questionnaire was sent to 100 HSCT recipients comprising n = 50 AYAs (aged 19–39 years) and n = 50 non-AYAs (> 39 years). The questionnaire covered the categories: (a) patient characteristics; (b) need for advice, on medical, psychological, and social care topics; (c) medical, psychological, and social needs, and (d) preferred forms and channels of information.

Results
The return rate was 65%. 62.5% of patients indicated medical needs; 41.1% psychological needs, and 64.9% had needs concerning social issues. Among medical aspects, aftercare was important to both groups. Nutrition was of highest interest for AYA, while non-AYAs identified fatigue and vaccination as their most pressing concerns. Body shape/sexuality and relaxation techniques were the most common psychological issues for AYA, while coping strategies were important for both cohorts. Family, relationship and friends were of less interest in both groups. Rehabilitation and premature retirement were of highest interest for both cohorts. The preferred mode of communicating advice was one-to-one conversation in a quiet environment as opposed to informational sessions.

Conclusion
Despite well-established aftercare programs following HSCT, many patients describe unmet needs regarding medical, psychological, and social policy issues. AYA and non-AYA differ in informational needs after HSCT, and, therefore, age-appropriate informational materials are necessary. Particularly AYA may profit from information covering body-shape/sexuality and nutrition, while both cohorts require information covering coping strategies and aftercare.
Functional characterization of the AGL1 aegerolysin in the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride reveals a role in conidiation and antagonism
Authors: Dubey Mukesh , Jensen Dan Funck , Karlsson Magnus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAegerolysins are small secreted pore-forming proteins that are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The role of aegerolysins in sporulation, fruit body formation, and in lysis of cellular membrane is suggested in fungi. The aim of the present study was to characterize the biological function of the aegerolysin gene agl1 in the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride, used for biological control of plant diseases. Gene expression analysis showed higher expression of agl1 during conidiation and during growth in medium supplemented with cell wall material from the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani as the sole carbon source. Expression of agl1 was supressed under iron-limiting condition, while agl1 transcript was not detected during T. atroviride interactions with the prey fungi Botrytis cinerea or R. solani. Phenotypic analysis of agl1 deletion strains (Δagl1) showed reduced conidiation compared to T. atroviride wild type, thus suggesting the involvement of AGL1 in conidiation. Furthermore, the Δagl1 strains display reduced antagonism towards B. cinerea and R. solani based on a secretion assay, although no difference was detected during direct interactions. These data demonstrate the role of AGL1 in conidiation and antagonism in the mycoparasitic fungus T. atroviride.
Growth response of Betula pubescens Ehrh. to varying disturbance factors in northern Norway
Authors: Harr Lorenz , Esper Jan , Kirchhefer J. Andreas , Zhou Wang , Hartl Claudia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Key message
Whereas cold temperatures and artificial smoke pollution (during World War II) cause negative pointer years in northern Fennoscandian downy birches, mass outbreaks of Epirrita autumnata L. and Operophtera brumata Bkh. are the strongest growth-influencing and -synchronizing factor.

Abstract
Variations in radial tree growth of downy birch can be affected by short-term environmental changes. Here we examine the tree-ring width of downy birch trees for signals caused by three different disturbance factors: climatic extremes, insect outbreaks, and artificial smoke employed to hide the German battleship Tirpitz during World War II at the Kåfjord in northern Norway. Besides growth/climate response analysis using gridded climate data and a tree ring width-chronology of the studied birch trees, we analyze missing rings, pointer years, and the ability of recovery after severe disturbances on an individual tree basis using the percent change of the trees’ basal area increment with respect to a reference period. The downy birches reveal (1) a significant positive correlation with May and June temperatures, (2) a high growth sensitivity to moth epidemics (Epirrita autumnata L. and Operophtera brumata Bkh.), and (3) a distinct growth deviation in the year of intense but short-term artificial smoke pollution. We conclude that downy birches are not exclusively sensitive to unusual cold temperatures, but short-term artificial pollution and insect outbreaks cause similar growth declines in the year of occurrence. Whereas for temperature and pollution, the growth response is less coherent among trees, and fades within 2 years, the insect outbreaks synchronize growth among all downy birches. Growth declines during years of mass insect outbreaks can further be amplified by cold May and June temperatures. Our findings thereby improve the understanding of competing disturbance factors on single birch trees but also on the growth of a whole site in Fennoscandia and facilitates the detection of disturbances in birch chronologies.
Primary versus recurrent surgery for glioblastoma—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rubin Maja Chava , Sagberg Lisa Millgård , Jakola Asgeir Store , Solheim Ole 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
There is currently limited evidence for surgery in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Our aim was to compare primary and recurrent surgeries, regarding changes in perioperative, generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL), complications, extents of resection and survival.

Methods
Between 2007 and 2018, 65 recurrent and 160 primary GBM resections were prospectively enrolled. HRQoL was recorded with EQ-5D 3L preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively. Median perioperative change in HRQoL and change greater than the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were assessed. Tumour volume and extent of resection were obtained from pre- and postoperative MRI scans. Survival was assessed from date of surgery.

Results
Comparing recurrent surgeries and primary resections, most variables were balanced at baseline, but median age (59 vs. 62, p = 0.005) and median preoperative tumour volume (14.9 vs. 25.3 ml, p = 0.001) were lower in recurrent surgeries. There were no statistically significant differences regarding complication rates, neurological deficits, extents of resection or EQ-5D 3L index values at baseline and at follow-up. Twenty (36.4%) recurrent resections vs. 39 (27.5%) primary resections reported clinically significant deterioration in HRQoL at follow-up. Stratified by clinically significant change in EQ-5D 3L, the survival distributions were not statistically significantly different in either group. Survival was associated with extent of resection (p = 0.015) in recurrent surgeries only.

Conclusions
Outcomes after primary and recurrent surgeries were quite similar in our practice. As surgery may prolong life in patients where gross total resection is obtainable with reasonable risk, the indication for surgery in GBM should perhaps not differ that much in primary and recurrent resections.
Die „neue“ Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung: Dimensionale Klassifikation im DSM-5 und ICD-11
Authors: Mitmansgruber Horst 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie jahrzehntelange und zunehmende Unzufriedenheit mit der bisherigen kategorialen Klassifikation der Persönlichkeitsstörungen (PS) im amerikanischen DSM-IV und in der ICD-10 der Weltgesundheitsorganisation hat u. a. mit fehlender empirischer Unterstützung vieler Kategorien, der sehr hohen Komorbidität der PS untereinander oder der großen Heterogenität von Symptomen innerhalb einer Diagnose zu tun. Sie hat in den letzten Revisionen der beiden Diagnosesysteme einen radikalen Wandel hin zu einem dimensionalen Klassifikationssystem unterstützt, das um vieles stärker in der empirischen psychologischen Forschung abgesichert ist. Im DSM‑5 ist die Revolution ausgeblieben, weil das dimensionale Modell im Anhang verblieben ist, während die alte DSM-IV-Klassifikation unverändert übernommen wurde. Allerdings hat dieses „Alternative Modell der Persönlichkeitsstörungen“ (AMPD) seit seiner Publikation erhebliches Forschungsinteresse erfahren. In der ICD-11 ist eine dimensionale Einschätzung der Persönlichkeit auf den 5 Domänen „Negative Affectivity“, „Detachment“, „Dissociality“, „Disinhibition“ und „Anankastia“ als radikale Alternative zu den 10 bisherigen Kategorien bereits abgesegnet und wird ab 2022 weltweit die Diagnosestellung verändern. Während hier zunächst alle bisherigen Kategorien eliminiert wurden, erreichten kritische Stimmen am Ende, dass die Borderline-Störung als einziger Qualifier in der ICD-11 erhalten bleibt. Die beiden Systeme werden in ihren zentralen Annahmen und im praktischen Vorgehen beleuchtet. Die Diskussionen und die bisherige empirische Befundlage zu den Dimensionen und der klinischen Nützlichkeit für Praktiker*innen werden zusammengefasst.
Therapiemöglichkeiten des Seminoms im klinischen Stadium I und II unter Berücksichtigung der Langzeittoxizität
Authors: Papachristofilou Alexandros , Hiester Andreas , Zschäbitz Stefanie , Müller Arndt-Christian 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei mehr als 80 % aller Patienten mit einem Seminom wird die Diagnose im Stadium I–IIB gestellt. In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden Therapiealgorithmen anhand von klinischen Studien definiert und mögliche Toxizitäten anhand von Langzeitbeobachtungen untersucht.

Fragestellung
Therapieoptionen werden unter Berücksichtigung der Langzeittoxizitäten dargelegt.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche sowie die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Leitlinienempfehlungen und laufenden Studien.

Ergebnisse
Die präferierte Option im Stadium I ist die aktive Überwachung. Eine adjuvante Carboplatintherapie oder Strahlentherapie können das Rezidivrisiko senken. Im Stadium IIA/B wird eine primäre Strahlentherapie oder eine Polychemotherapie empfohlen. Experimentelle Ansätze testen die Lymphadenektomie und die deeskalierte Radio‑/Chemotherapie. Das Toxizitätsprofil von Radio- und Chemotherapie unterscheidet sich markant. Individuelle Nachsorgepläne nach Risikoprofil werden empfohlen.

Schlussfolgerung
Patienten mit Risikofaktoren im Stadium I haben ein relevantes Rezidivrisiko, sodass eine adjuvante Therapie gegenüber der aktiven Überwachung abgewogen werden kann. Die Wahl der Therapie im Stadium IIA/B sollte sich an der Tumorlast und den möglichen Spättoxizitäten orientieren. Strategien zur Therapiedeeskalation sind in Erarbeitung – mit ermutigenden ersten Resultaten.
COVID-19 infections and fatalities developments: empirical evidence for OECD countries and newly industrialized economies
Authors: Bretschger Lucas , Grieg Elise , Welfens Paul J. J. , Xiong Tian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents empirical results on coronavirus infection and fatality rates from cross-country regressions for OECD economies and a sample of middle- and high-income countries. We include environmental, economic, medical, and policy variables in our analysis to explain the number of corona cases and deaths per million. We find a significant positive impact of local air pollution on infection rates in the whole sample and on fatality rates for OECD countries. Obesity rates have a positive effect on cases and deaths across the different estimation equations. The strategy of aiming to achieve herd immunity has a significant positive effect on infections as well as on death rates. The first affected countries have significantly higher mortality rates, revealing the lack of experience and medical capacity to deal with the pandemic in an initial phase. Postponing – and fighting - the pandemic could save lives in many countries and generate considerable economic benefits. Other medical and policy variables discussed in the public sphere do not show a significant impact in the regression analysis. Our results suggest that improving air quality and fighting obesity helps reduce the negative effects of a coronavirus pandemic significantly. Policy options for fighting a second epidemic wave should take into account the results from this study in order to optimize global epidemic policy.
The prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among high-school adolescents in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ziaei Reza , Mohammadi Reza , Dastgiri Saeed , Baybordi Elaheh , Rahimi Vahab Asl , Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun , Viitasara Eija 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases in all stages of life. However, there is a lack of reliable data regarding the recommended level of physical activity and its correlates related to physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among school students in Iran. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among Iranian high school adolescents.

Methods
The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used for data collection. Related data comprising socio-demographics, health risk behaviour and protective factors were obtained from 1517 high school students. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between relevant independent variables (e.g. gender) and the dependent outcome variable (physical inactivity/sedentary behaviour).

Results
The prevalence of recommended physical activity by WHO was 27.8%, physical inactivity 72.2% and sedentary behaviour 71.4%. Being female, being overweight or obese, walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, sitting 3 or more hours/day (sedentary behaviour), insufficient vegetable intake, being bullied and lack of parental support, peer support and parental connectivity (protective factors) were positively associated with physical inactivity. On the other hand, walking/cycling to or from school on 5–7 days and inadequate fruit intake were negatively associated with physical inactivity. Walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, being physically inactive, inadequate fruit intake and being bullied were positively associated with sedentary behaviour.

Conclusion
The prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour was high in our studied sample. Interventions that address the issue of active school transport, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, family and peer support and bullying should be given more priority by the public health authorities.
Critical Assessment of the Al-Ti-Zr System
Authors: Kahrobaee Z. , Palm M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOnly within the last couple of years, complete isothermal sections for the Al-Ti-Zr system have been determined. Up to then there had been several investigations, but these were limited to the Ti-Zr and Ti-Al sides and the Ti- and Al corners of the system. Also recently the system has been evaluated by thermodynamic ab initio calculations and CALPHAD-type (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) modelling. As Al-Ti-Zr alloys are of interest for a variety of applications and as the last assessment has been performed more than 15 years ago, this new critical evaluation of the existing literature about phase equilibria in the Al-Ti-Zr system has been performed.
Systemweite Anreicherung von RNA-Protein-Komplexen
Authors: Pfister Stefan , Beckmann Benedikt M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRNA-protein complexes (RNPs) are key players in cell physiology, especially in the context of RNA metabolism. However, their analysis has been dependent on specific protein epitopes or RNA sequence elements, preventing unbiased and cell-wide studies. We developed a three-step protocol, termed Phenol Toluol extraction (PTex), to isolate the complete suite of RNPs in cells, solely based on their unique physicochemical properties after UV-cross-linking. PTex, along with other recently developed unbiased techniques, has the potential to guide the way to cell-wide analysis of RNA-protein interactions.
Molekulare Regulation der neuronalen Plastizität und Lernprozesse
Authors: Zagrebelsky Marta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractActivity-dependent plastic changes at synapses are essential for learning, but maintaining memory traces requires stable neuronal networks. The balance between plasticity and stability of the brain circuitry is tightly regulated. Among the mechanisms involved in regulating neuronal plasticity is the modulation of excitation and inhibition. Nogo-A was recently described for its ability to limit synaptic plasticity and to reciprocally regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission.
Planning nature-based solutions: Principles, steps, and insights
Authors: Albert Christian , Brillinger Mario , Guerrero Paulina , Gottwald Sarah , Henze Jennifer , Schmidt Stefan , Ott Edward , Schröter Barbara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) find increasing attention as actions to address societal challenges through harnessing ecological processes, yet knowledge gaps exist regarding approaches to landscape planning with NBS. This paper aims to provide suggestions of how planning NBS can be conceptualized and applied in practice. We develop a framework for planning NBS by merging insights from literature and a case study in the Lahn river landscape, Germany. Our framework relates to three key criteria that define NBS, and consists of six steps of planning: Co-define setting, Understand challenges, Create visions and scenarios, Assess potential impacts, Develop solution strategies, and Realize and monitor. Its implementation is guided by five principles, namely Place-specificity, Evidence base, Integration, Equity, and Transdisciplinarity. Drawing on the empirical insights from the case study, we suggest suitable methods and a checklist of supportive procedures for applying the framework in practice. Taken together, our framework can facilitate planning NBS and provides further steps towards mainstreaming.
Traditional Herbal Medicines Against CNS Disorders from Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md. Josim , Zidorn Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe majority of the population in Bangladesh uses traditional plant-based medicines to manage various ailments, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review presents ethnobotanical information and relevant scientific studies on plants used in traditional healthcare for the management of various CNS disorders in Bangladesh. The information on the medicinal plants of Bangladesh effective against CNS disorders published in scientific journals, books, and reports was compiled from different electronic databases using specific key words. The present article provides comprehensive information on a total of 224 medicinal plant species belonging to 81 families used for the treatment of CNS disorders by the various peoples of Bangladesh. In total, we reviewed more than 290 relevant papers. In this study, leaves were found as the most often used plant organ, followed by roots, fruits, whole plants, barks, seeds, stems, rhizomes, and flowers. The Fabaceae family contributes the highest number of used species, followed by Rubiaceae, Lamiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Vitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, and Zingiberaceae. The most frequently used species (in decreasing order) areAsparagus racemosus, Centella asiatica, Stephania japonica,Aegle marmelos, Coccinia grandis, Tabernaemontana divaricata,Bacopa monnieri,Abroma augusta,andScoparia dulcis. This review may serve as a starting point for a rational search for neuroactive natural products against CNS disorders within the Flora of Bangladesh.Graphic Abstract
Liver Transplantation for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Lanari Jacopo , Dueland Svein , Line Pål-Dag 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Accumulating evidence suggest that selected patients with nonresectable liver only metastases from colorectal cancer can be offered liver transplantation with acceptable outcome. This review provides an update on the scientific literature.

Recent Findings
The SECA-I study showed an estimated 5-year survival of 60% in a heterogenous patient population and guided the development of the first clinical selection criteria. In the sequel SECA-II trial, an estimated 5-year survival of 83% was obtained. A recent study shows that an Oslo score of 0–2, a metabolic tumor volume below 70 cm3 on PET-CT or Fong score of 0–2 at time of listing, can stratify patients with superior survival. Recurrence is common, but about 70% are slow-growing lung metastases, whereof the majority are resectable.

Summary
Liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastasis is an option in highly selected patients. Futile use of grafts can be avoided by applying stringent selection criteria.
TSH lowering effects of metformin: a possible mechanism of action
Authors: Cannarella R. , Condorelli R. A. , Barbagallo F. , Aversa A. , Calogero A. E. , La Vignera S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPreliminary clinical evidence suggests that metformin has TSH lowering effects in patients with T2DM and hypothyroidism or in those with TSH serum levels in the upper normal value. Also, metformin may exert a protective role against thyroid nodules growth in patients without insulin-resistance. The cross-talk between tyrosine kinase receptors and the G protein-coupled receptors (which the TSHR belongs to) has been already shown and IRS1 may represent the hub link between TSHR and IR pathways. By influencing IRS1 phosphorylation pattern, metformin may sensitize TSHR to TSH, thus explaining the findings of clinical studies. However, the existence of this molecular pathway must be confirmed through proper studies and further prospective randomized placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.