bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Forecast of Dense Fog Events over Delhi: The Performance of the WRF Model during the WiFEX Field Campaign
Authors: Pithani Prakash , Ghude Sachin D. , Jenamani R. K. , Biswas Mrinal , Naidu C. V. , Debnath Sreyashi , Kulkarni Rachana , Dhangar Narendra G. , Jena Chinmay , Hazra Anupam , Phani R. , Mukhopadhyay P. , Prabhakaran Thara , Nanjundiah Ravi S. , Rajeevan M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX) was conducted to study the genesis of fog formation between winters 2016–17 and 2017–18 at Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA), Delhi, India. To support the WiFEX field campaign, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was used to produce real-time forecasts at 2-km horizontal grid spacing. This paper summarizes the performance of the model forecasts for 43 very dense fog episodes (visibility &lt; 200 m) and preliminary evaluation of the model against the observations. Similarly, near-surface liquid water content (LWC) from models and continuous visibility observations are used as a metric for model evaluation. Results show that the skill score is relatively promising for the hit rate with a value of 0.78, whereas the false alarm rate (0.19) and missing rate (0.32) are quite low. This indicates that the model has reasonable predictive accuracy, and the performance of the real-time forecast is better for both dense fog events and no-fog events. For success cases, the model accurately captured the near-surface meteorological conditions, particularly the low-level moisture, wind fields, and temperature inversion. In contrast, for failed cases, the WRF Model shows large error in near-surface relative humidity and temperature compared to the observations, although it captures temperature inversions reasonably well. Our results also suggest that the model is able to capture the variability in fog onset for consecutive fog events. Errors in near-surface variables during failed cases are found to be affected by the errors in the initial conditions taken from the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Global Forecasting System (IITM-GFS) spectral model forecast. Further evaluation of the operational forecasts for dense fog cases indicates that the error in predicting fog onset stage is relatively large (mean error of 4 h) compared to the dissipation stage.
Intention to Return to Work after Stroke Following Rehabilitation in Ontario
Authors: Duong Patrick K. , Egan Mary Y. , Meyer Matthew J. , Morrison Tricia L. 
Published: February 2020

Background. Returning to work is important for many people following stroke. An estimate of the prevalence of people intending to return to work post-stroke would be helpful in planning services supporting work reintegration. Purpose. This study examined the prevalence of intention to return to work after discharge among stroke rehabilitation inpatients. Methods. We performed secondary analysis of National Rehabilitation Reporting System data for all stroke rehabilitation inpatients across Ontario (2012–2017). Intention to return to work was examined by gender, age, and level of disability. Findings. Among 25,691 stroke rehabilitation inpatients, 4,668 (18.2%) were employed pre-stroke and 2,039 (43.7%) of them intended to return to work. Intention to return to work was somewhat higher among younger and middle-aged stroke survivors and those with mild disability. Implications. Providers and planners should be aware that almost half of previously employed stroke-rehabilitation inpatients may be seeking services to assist with return to work.
Geospatial Monitoring of Body Mass Index: Use of Electronic Health Record Data Across Health Care Systems
Authors: Anthamatten Peter , Thomas Deborah S.K. , Williford Devon , Barrow Jennifer C. , Bol Kirk A. , Davidson Arthur J. , Deakyne Davies Sara J. , Kraus Emily McCormick , Tabano David C. , Daley Matthew F. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: The Colorado BMI Monitoring System was developed to assess geographic (ie, census tract) patterns of obesity prevalence rates among children and adults in the Denver-metropolitan region. This project also sought to assess the feasibility of a surveillance system that integrates data across multiple health care and governmental organizations. Materials and Methods: We extracted data on height and weight measures, obtained through routine clinical care, from electronic health records (EHRs) at multiple health care sites. We selected sites from 5 Denver health care systems and collected data from visits that occurred between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015. We produced shaded maps showing observed obesity prevalence rates by census tract for various geographic regions across the Denver-metropolitan region. Results: We identified clearly distinguishable areas by higher rates of obesity among children than among adults, with several pockets of lower body mass index. Patterns for adults were similar to patterns for children: the highest obesity prevalence rates were concentrated around the central part of the metropolitan region. Obesity prevalence rates were moderately higher along the western and northern areas than in other parts of the study region. Practice Implications: The Colorado BMI Monitoring System demonstrates the feasibility of combining EHRs across multiple systems for public health and research. Challenges include ensuring de-duplication across organizations and ensuring that geocoding is performed in a consistent way that does not pose a risk for patient privacy.
Diagnostic Value of 3D Segmentation in Understanding the Anatomy of Human Inner Ear Including Malformation Types
Authors: Alenzi Saad , Dhanasingh Anandhan , Alanazi Hani , Alsanosi Abdulrahman , Hagr Abdulrahman 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To understand the anatomical and dimensional variations of the human inner ear using 3-dimensional (3D) segmentation within the Middle East population. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: King Abdullah Ear Specialist Center (KAESC) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participant: Forty computed tomography (CT) images of patients with sensorineural hearing loss who underwent cochlear implant (CI) were taken for analysis. Main outcome Measures: Three-dimensional images showing the anatomical variations of the inner ear including various pathological conditions, cochlear parameters including basal turn diameter (“A” value), “B” value which is perpendicular to “A” value, cochlear height, length, and width of the internal auditory canal (IAC), intercochlear spacing, and electrode angular insertion depth (AID). Results: Out of 40 CT image data sets, 12 had normal inner-ear anatomy (NA), 4 with enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS), 8 with only 2 turns of the cochlea (2TL), 7 with incomplete partition (IP) type II, 5 with cochlear hypoplasia, 1 with common cavity, and 3 with abnormal IAC. Taking the NA, EVAS, 2TL, and the IP type II cases altogether, age of the patient had no correlation with the “A” value; however, the “A” value had a linear correlation with the “B” value. The age of the patient had an increasing logarithmic correlation with the IAC length and the intercochlear spacing. The “A” value did not have any meaningful correlation with the cochlear height. Three data sets showed asymmetric inner-ear malformation types on either side of the ears. All these 40 cases were implanted with various CI electrode array variants and the corresponding postoperative plain film X-ray images showing the electrode AID are given separately in figures. Conclusions: Three-dimensional segmentation of the inner ear from the temporal bone CT is a valuable clinical and training tool for surgeons and radiologists especially in difficult cases which will certainly help to understand the overall anatomical and dimensional variations.
Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled study of galcanezumab in patients with chronic cluster headache: Results from 3-month double-blind treatment
Authors: Dodick David W , Goadsby Peter J , Lucas Christian , Jensen Rigmor , Bardos Jennifer N , Martinez James M , Zhou Chunmei , Aurora Sheena K , Yang Jyun Yan , Conley Robert R , Oakes Tina 
Published: February 2020

Objective To report efficacy and safety of galcanezumab in adults with chronic cluster headache. Background Galcanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide and inhibits its biological activity. Methods This study comprised a prospective baseline period, a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment period, and a 52-week open-label period. Up to six protocol-specified concomitant preventive medications were allowed if patients were on a stable dose for 2 months prior to the prospective baseline period. Patients were randomized 1:1 to monthly subcutaneous galcanezumab (300 mg) or placebo. The primary endpoint was overall mean change from baseline in weekly attack frequency with galcanezumab compared to placebo. Key secondary endpoints were ≥50% response rate and percentage of patients meeting sustained response. Results from the double-blind treatment period are reported. Results A total of 237 patients were randomized and treated (120 placebo; 117 galcanezumab). At baseline, the mean age was 45 years and 63% were using ≥1 preventive drug. The primary endpoint was not met; mean change in weekly attack frequency was −4.6 placebo versus −5.4 galcanezumab ( p = 0.334). Key secondary endpoints also were not met. Injection site-related treatment-emergent adverse events were more common in the galcanezumab than the placebo group, with significantly more injection site erythema. Conclusion Treatment with galcanezumab 300 mg did not achieve its primary and key secondary endpoints. This study underscores the potential distinct biology of cCH as well as the significant unmet need for safe, effective, and well-tolerated preventive treatment. The safety profile of galcanezumab in cCH is consistent with that observed in trials of episodic CH and migraine. Trial registration NCT02438826; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02438826 .
Stability of ceftolozane and tazobactam in different peritoneal dialysis solutions
Authors: Harmanjeet Harmanjeet , Jani Het , Zaidi Syed Tabish R , Wanandy Troy , Castelino Ronald L , Sud Kamal , Peterson Gregory M , Patel Rahul P 
Published: February 2020

Background: Peritonitis is a common and serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). PD-associated peritonitis (PDAP) caused by Pseudomonas is usually resistant to most antibiotics, resulting in high failure rates. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) has been shown to be effective in treating urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections caused by beta-lactam resistant Pseudomonas and other gram-negative bacteria. Given its favourable adverse effects profile, it has a potential role in the treatment of PDAP caused by Pseudomonas species resistant to other antibiotics. Intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics admixed with PD solutions for the treatment of PDAP is associated with superior outcomes. However, there is a lack of published data on the stability of C/T in PD solutions. Therefore, this study investigated the physical and chemical stability of C/T in commonly used PD solutions at different temperatures. Methods: A total of 27 PD bags (3 PD bags for each type of PD solution including Dianeal®, Extraneal®, Balance® and Physioneal® PD bags) containing C/T were prepared and stored at 25°C for 6 h, followed by 4°C for 168 h and then 37°C for 12 h. An aliquot from each PD bag was withdrawn, and the concentration of C/T before (0 h) and after predefined time points was determined using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Samples were also assessed for pH, colour change and particulate matter immediately after preparation and on each day of analysis. Results: C/T retained more than 97% of their initial concentration when stored at 25°C for 6 h followed by storage at 4°C for 168 h and then at 37°C for 12 h. Particle formation was not detected at any time under the tested storage conditions. The pH and colour remained essentially unchanged throughout the study. Conclusions: These results provide a platform for clinical studies to determine the safety and therapeutic efficacy of intraperitoneal C/T for the treatment of PDAP caused by resistant Pseudomonas species.
Pacing in Serious Games: Exploring the Effects of Presentation Speed on Cognitive Load, Engagement and Learning Gains
Authors: Petko Dominik , Schmid Regina , Cantieni Andrea 
Published: February 2020

Background. To determine the optimal speed of computer-paced serious games, the interplay of cognitive load variables and game engagement variables can serve as combined criteria. Intervention. In order to test the effects of higher or lower game speeds on different types of cognitive load and engagement, the FRESH FOOD RUNNER game was developed, which teaches the harvest seasons of different fruits and vegetables. Method. In this study, N=58 6th grade primary school students are randomly assigned to play the serious game FRESH FOOD RUNNER at different speeds. Pre-and post-tests are used to assess learning gains, in combination with rating scales for different types of cognitive load and game engagement. Results. Results show that highest learning gains and lowest levels of extraneous cognitive load are prevalent at medium speed settings, which are neither too fast nor too slow. A similar pattern is apparent for student ratings of game engagement. Discussion and Conclusion. In consequence, learning gains, cognitive load and engagement variables can be regarded as suitable criteria to determine the optimal speed of serious games.
Hospice Care: Hope and Meaning in Life Mediate Subjective Well-Being of Staff
Authors: Shiri Shimon , Wexler Isaiah , Marmor Anat , Meiner Zeev , Schwartz Isabella , Levzion Korach Osnat , Azoulay Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Subjective well-being has been associated with decreased work burnout and elevated work engagement. We investigated the impact of hope and meaning in life on subjective well-being among workers in a hospice care setting. Comparison was made to health-care workers in a rehabilitation unit. Methods: Thirty-five hospice care workers were surveyed and their responses compared with those of 36 rehabilitation workers. Survey instruments measuring hope, meaning in life, work engagement, and satisfaction with life were utilized. Results: Individuals working in a hospice care center have significantly higher levels of work engagement than their counterparts in rehabilitation. For both groups, hope was significantly related to subjective well-being. For hospice care but not rehabilitation workers, meaning in life was also related to subjective well-being. Multivariate analysis showed that hope and meaning in life were independent factors predicting subjective well-being in hospice care workers. Significance of Results: Hospice care workers are highly engaged in their work despite the challenging nature of their work. What characterizes these workers is a level of subjective well-being that is related to both meaning in life and hope. Maintaining a high level of subjective well-being may be an important factor in preventing burnout among those working in hospice care settings.
Efficacy of Applicator Devices for Self-Application of Topicals to the Back
Authors: Light Jeremy G. , Frantz Travis , McNamara Kyle , Bashyam Arjun M. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: February 2020

Background Self-application of topicals on the back can be challenging. Objective The aim was to assess topical back coverage using commercially available back applicators. Materials and Methods Ten subjects applied sunscreen to their back using their hands and then with 3 back applicators (large foam tip, small foam tip, roller tip). The amount of lotion used and the time it took to perform the application were recorded. The resulting distribution of sunscreen was assessed with a Wood’s lamp; the area covered fluoresced less than the uncovered skin. Images were captured and then analyzed using an automated thresholding technique. Results Subjects applied more lotion when using the large foam tip (7.58 g, 95% CI 6.47-8.70 g; P < .004) and small foam tip (7.46 g, 95% CI 6.35-8.57 g; P < .006) applicators compared to hands alone (6.22 g, 95% CI 5.10-7.33 g). Application time was longer with the small foam tip applicator (113.4 s, 95% CI 96.7-130.1 s) relative to hand application (78.7 s, 95% CI 62-95.4 s) ( P < .03). Coverage of the back was higher for the large foam tip (84.8%, 95% CI 78.4%-91.3%; P < .03), small foam tip (88.0%, 95% CI 81.6%-91.5%; P < .006), and roller tip (84.3%, 95% CI 77.9%-90.8%; P < .04) applicators compared to hand application (71.5%, 95% CI 65%-78%). The middle back tended to have less coverage when applying with the hands. Conclusions Topical coverage of the back is improved with the use of applicator devices during self-application.
What I wish I’d learned as an orthodontic trainee: an online survey of British Orthodontic Society members concerning postgraduate training experiences
Authors: Oliver Graham R , Lynch Christopher D , Fleming Padhraig S 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To survey the opinion of recently qualified and established orthodontists on the perceived value of their training and to identify specific areas which which were considered to be deficient, adequately covered or focussed on excessively. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey Setting: Online electronic questionnaire. Participants: Members of the British Orthodontic Society (BOS). Methods: An electronic questionnaire was circulated to members of the BOS focusing on dental education history, and opinions concerning orthodontic teaching generally and specific clinical and non-clinical subjects. Information was also obtained in terms of possible need for improvement, modification or removal of teaching on focused academic and clinical aspects. Results: A total of 217 responses were received from 1080 emailed invitations resulting in a response rate of 20.1%. Respondents were generally satisfied with their training both in relation to theoretical, academic and practical aspects. However, training was regarded as deficient by some respondents in respect of temporary anchorage devices (38%), bonded retainers (6%), experience with lingual appliances (47%), removable aligners (44%), inter-proximal reduction (24%) and adult orthodontics (16%), working with therapists (32%), and NHS contracts (47%) and commissioning (47%). Conclusion: The overall satisfaction of BOS members with postgraduate orthodontic training is generally high, although both recently qualified and established practitioners emphasised the need for better exposure to training in specific practical aspects and practice management within the NHS.
Age and Gender Confound PROMIS Scores in Spine Patients With Back and Neck Pain
Authors: Jevotovsky David S. , Tishelman Jared C. , Stekas Nicholas , Moses Michael J. , Karia Raj J. , Ayres Ethan W. , Fischer Charla R. , Buckland Aaron J. , Errico Thomas J. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. 
Published: February 2020

Study Design: This was a single-center retrospective review. Objectives: To explore how age and gender affect PROMIS scores compared with traditional health-related quality of life (HRQL) in spine patients. Methods: Patients presenting with a primary complaint of back pain (BP) or neck pain (NP) were included. Legacy HRQLs were Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). PROMIS Physical Function (PF), Pain Intensity (Int), and Pain Interference (Inf) were also administered to patients in a clinical setting. Patients were grouped by chief complaint, age (18-44, 45-64, 65+ years) and gender. Two parallel analyses were conducted to identify the effects of age and gender on patient-reported outcomes. Age groups were compared after propensity-score matching by VAS-pain and gender. Separately, genders were compared after propensity-score matching by age and VAS-pain. Results: A total of 484 BP and 128 NP patients were matched into gender cohorts (n = 201 in each BP group, 46 in each NP group). Among BP patients, female patients demonstrated worse disability by ODI (44.15 vs 38.45, P = .005); PROMIS-PF did not differ by gender. Among NP patients, neither legacy HRQLs nor PROMIS differed by gender when controlling for NP and age. BP and NP patients were matched into age cohorts (n = 135 in each BP group and n = 14 in each BP group). Among BP patients, ANOVA revealed differences between groups when controlling for BP and gender: ODI ( P < .001), PROMIS-PF ( P = .018), PROMIS-Int ( P < .001) PROMIS-Inf ( P < .001). Among NP patients, matched age groups differed significantly in terms of NDI ( P = .032) and PROMIS-PF ( P = .022) but not PROMIS-Int or PROMIS-Inf. Conclusions: Age and gender confound traditional HRQLs as well as PROMIS domains. However, PROMIS offers age and gender-specific scores, which traditional HRQLs lack.
Akopovaite, Li2Al4(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3, a new Li member of the hydrotalcite supergroup from Turkestan Range, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Karpenko Vladimir Yu. , Zhitova Elena S. , Pautov Leonid A. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Siidra Oleg I. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Rassulov Victor A. , Bocharov Vladimir N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAkopovaite, ideally Li2Al4(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3, is a new hydrotalcite-supergroup mineral from the Karasu–Karavshinskoye Sn deposit, Turkestan Range, Kyrgyzstan. It occurs as white or pale yellowish rosette-like aggregates that are composed of tiny curved plates up to 20–30 μm. Akopovaite is associated with gibbsite, quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite, montebrasite, siderite, schorl and birnessite-like Fe–Mn oxides. Akopovaite has a perfect cleavage along {001}, the mineral is transparent and very soft (VHN = 24 that corresponds to Mohs hardness of ca. 1). Dmeas = 2.12(2) g/cm3 and Dcalc = 2.106 g/cm3. The Raman spectra contain bands of carbonate groups and bands of O–H stretching vibrations. The chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe for Al and Fe; ICP-OES for Li; CHN method for CO2 and H2O) is Li2O 6.43, Al2O3 45.79, Fe2O3 0.27, CO2 10.09, H2O 36.1, total 98.68. The empirical formula based on (Li + Al + Fe) = 6 apfu is Li1.94(Al4.05Fe0.02)Σ4.07(OH)12(CO3)1.03(H2O)3.03. The crystal structure was refined by the Rietveld method with RB = 0.006 and Rwp = 0.014. Akopovaite is monoclinic, C2/m, a = 5.0953(6), b = 8.877(1), c = 7.806(1) Å, β = 102.572(6)°, V = 344.61(8) Å3 and Z = 1. The polytype should be denoted as 1M. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 7.66(100)(001), 4.397(27)(020), 3.821(45)(002,021), 2.4881(27)(200), 2.2273(16)(201) and 1.9027(18)(202). Akopovaite is the first naturally occurring hydrotalcite-supergroup carbonate species of Al and Li; its synthetic analogue is known.