bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Statistical Properties of a Weighted Distribution and Its Application to Waiting Time Data
Authors: Singh Brijesh P. , Das Utpal Dhar 
Published: September 2020

The weighted distribution is mainly used in various real life fields such as ecology, reliability engineering, medical science etc. Some statistical properties are derived such as moment generating function, characteristic function, cumulative generating function, the hazard function, Renyi entropy, Cumulative residual entropy. For parameter estimation maximum likelihood estimation method is used. The considered weighted probability distribution is applied to two real data sets of waiting time to examine the suitability and applicability.
Leg Length Discrepancies in Nigerian Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Ihuarula Eneh Chizoma 
Published: September 2020

Background: Sickle cell anaemia, (SCA) the homozygous and most severe of the sickle cell diseases exerts adverse effects on growth and linear body proportions. In Nigeria, these changes in the lower extremity are scarcely documented.
Objectives: To evaluate the differences between the real leg lengths and apparent leg lengths determined by tape measure among children with SCA.
Methods: A clinic-based, cross-sectional, comparative study of 140 age and sex matched “SS” and “AA” children. The real leg lengths, anterior superior iliac spine to medial malleolus and to the heel, the apparent leg length, umbilicus to the medial malleolus were measured with a plastic tape and recorded.
Leg length discrepancy (LLD), the arithmetric differences between corresponding leg lengths were recorded and classified into nil (0), mild (<2cm), moderate (2-5cm) and severe (>5cm).
Results: At the medial malleolus, the subjects had more mild and moderate Real LLD than controls while more controls than subjects had nil Real LLD (p = .033). Both right and left real leg lengths were significantly shorter in the 6-9 year old subjects especially the males, all female subjects, all 10-13 year olds subjects more so the females than their respective counterparts. (All p values < 0.05) Similarly, the right and left leg lengths at the heel were significantly shorter in subjects of the same age and sex groups as above than all their respective counterparts. (P values < 0.05). However, male subjects had only the right real leg length significantly shorter than those of the controls. Real LLD: ASIS-MM was significantly higher in 10-13 year old female subjects, real LLD: ASIS-HEEL in 14-18 year old subjects than the controls. The right and left apparent leg length were significantly lower in all 10-13 year old subjects as well as 10-13 year old female subjects than the respective matches. All p values were < 0.05. No significant difference existed in the apparent LLD comparisons.
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into pancreatic cancer‐associated fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Oda Tatsuya , Mori Nobuhito , Kida Yasuyuki S. 
Published: September 2020

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key components of the dense, proliferating stroma observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and CAF subpopulations drive tumor heterogeneity and play a major role in PDAC progression and drug resistance. CAFs consist of heterogenous subpopulations such as myoblastic CAF (myCAF) and inflammatory CAF (iCAF), and each has distinct essential roles. However, it is not clear how CAF subpopulations are formed in PDAC. Adipose‐derived MSCs (AD‐MSCs), which possess a high multilineage potential and self‐renewal capacity, are reported to be one of the in vivo CAF sources. Here, we aimed to investigate whether AD‐MSCs can act as precursors for CAFs in vitro. We recorded morphological features and collected omics data from two in vitro co‐culture models for recapitulating clinical PDAC. Additionally, we tested the advantages of the co‐culture model in terms of accurately modeling morphology and CAF heterogeneity. We showed that AD‐MSCs differentiate into two distinct CAF subpopulations: Direct contact co‐culture with PDAC cell line Capan‐1 induced differentiation into myCAFs and iCAFs, while indirect co‐culture induced differentiation into only iCAFs. Using these co‐culture systems, we also identified novel CAF markers that may be helpful for elucidating the mechanisms of CAFs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In conclusion, AD‐MSCs can differentiate into distinct CAF subtypes depending on the different co‐culture conditions in vitro, and the identification of potential CAF markers may aid in future investigations of the mechanisms underlying the role of CAFs in the TME.
Sunlight Exposure, Sun‐Protective Behavior, and Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibody Positivity: A General Population‐Based Study in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Zhao Naizhuo , Smargiassi Audrey , Colmegna Ines , Hudson Marie , Fritzler Marvin , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo examine associations between sunlight exposure and anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) using general population data in Quebec, Canada.MethodsA random sample of 7,600 individuals (including 786 subjects who were ACPA positive and 201 self‐reported rheumatoid arthritis [RA] cases) from the CARTaGENE cohort was studied cross‐sectionally. All subjects were nested in 4 census metropolitan areas, and mixed‐effects logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for ACPA positivity related to sunlight exposure, adjusting for sun‐block use, industrial fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures, smoking, age, sex, French Canadian ancestry, and family income. We also performed sensitivity analyses excluding subjects with RA, defining ACPA positivity by higher titers, and stratifying by age and sex.ResultsThe adjusted ORs and 95% CIs did not suggest conclusive associations between ACPA and sunlight exposure or sun‐block use, but robust positive relationships were observed between industrial PM2.5 emissions and ACPA (OR 1.19 per μg/m3 [95% CI 1.03–1.36] in primary analyses).ConclusionWe did not see clear links between ACPA and sunlight exposure or sun‐block use, but we did note positive associations with industrial PM2.5. Future studies of sunlight and RA (or ACPA) should take air pollution exposures into account.
Hollow Microfibers of Elastomeric Nanocomposites for Fully Stretchable and Highly Sensitive Microfluidic Immunobiosensor Patch
Authors: Huynh Van Long , Trung Tran Quang , Meeseepong Montri , Lee Han‐Byeol , Nguyen Trong Danh , Lee Nae‐Eung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe on‐body immunodetection of biomarkers in sweat would significantly augment the potential of wearable body‐interfaced biosensors for self‐testing but has been limited due to the difficulty of integrating liquid handling and immunobiosensing devices in a wearable platform. Herein, a stretchable microfluidic immunobiosensor (SMIB) patch with hollow microfibers of elastomeric nanocomposites for the highly sensitive on‐body biosensing of neuropeptide Y (NPY), a stress biomarker, in human sweat is reported. The SMIB patch is composed of a stretchable liquid handling device and an electrochemical impedimetric immunobiosensor made of hollow and conductive microfibers of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and rGO‐Ag nanowires in polyurethane matrix, respectively. The patch possesses a low limit of detection of 50 fm, a large dynamic range (50 fm–1 nm), good linearity, no labeling or reagent requirements, and facile formation in a patch form factor. By combining handling of the biofluid and delivery of the washing solution by a simple finger‐touch operation as well as the analytical capability of NPY with an extremely low concentration in human sweat, the SMIB patch is a promising approach toward wearable non‐invasive immunodetection for self‐testing.
High‐Precision 3D Bio‐Dot Printing to Improve Paracrine Interaction between Multiple Types of Cell Spheroids
Authors: Jeon Seunggyu , Heo Jun‐Ho , Kim Min Kyeong , Jeong Wonwoo , Kang Hyun‐Wook 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCell–cell interaction accounts for one of the most influential factors affecting the viability and functionality of cell‐based tissue models. In this respect, various methods capable of producing micro‐patterns with cell spheroids are introduced to simultaneously improve contact‐dependent and ‐independent cell‐cell interactions. However, no method has yet been designed to effectively generate precise 3D patterns with multiple spheroid types. In this study, a new high‐precision and convenient 3D spheroid printing technology is developed, designated as 3D bio‐dot printing. This new technique is designed to produce cell‐laden, non‐adhesive micro‐pores within 3D structures to allow cell spheroids to be induced at printed sites. Experimental results show that various cell types, including hepatocytes, pancreatic β‐cells, and breast cancer cells, can be employed for the in situ formation of cell spheroids, and 3D freeform structures with multiple spheroid types can be printed. Moreover, this novel technology can also be used for performing 3D invasion assays. More importantly, it ensures that the precise control of spheroid size and position is achieved at micrometer scale. Finally, the usefulness of this novel technology is demonstrated by producing multicellular micro‐patterns with primary hepatocyte spheroids and endothelial cells, that exhibit significantly improved long‐term hepatic function and drug metabolism.
Hysteresis, Loss and Nonlinearity in Epitaxial PbZr0.55Ti0.45O3 Films: A Polarization Rotation Model
Authors: Lucke Philip , Bayraktar Muharrem , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Nematollahi Mohammadreza , Yakshin Andrey , Rijnders Guus , Bijkerk Fred , Houwman Evert P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe phenomena of hysteresis, ferroelectric loss, and nonlinearity are investigated for the strain and polarization of a monoclinic, epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 film over the 70 Hz to 5 kHz frequency range at sub‐coercive excitation fields and zero electrical bias. For the strain, a linear hysteretic behavior is found, whereas the polarization shows a strongly nonlinear hysteretic behavior. In contrast to polycrystalline structures (for instance in ceramics or chemical solution deposited thin films), the commonly referred Rayleigh model cannot explain the observed behavior. A new model is presented, based on the rotation of the polarization vector within the monoclinic or rhombohedral unit cell under an applied electric field, with the viscous interaction of domains accompanying the unit cell deformation. The model explains the amplitude and frequency scaling of the strain, polarization, and loss tangent as well as the observed higher harmonics of polarization in the measured epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films. It is concluded that the nonlinear response and the hysteretic loss originate from two separate physical processes. The nonlinear response is attributed to the nonlinear angular rotation of the polarization vector, whereas the hysteresis and ferroelectric loss are due to a viscous interaction of domains while the polarization vector is rotating.
Hierarchically Surface‐Textured Ultrastable Hybrid Film for Large‐Scale Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Lee Hyunhwan , Lee Han Eol , Wang Hee Seung , Kang Seung‐Mo , Lee Daewon , Kim Yun Hyeok , Shin Jung Ho , Lim Young‐Woo , Lee Keon Jae , Bae Byeong‐Soo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe supply of electrical power is indispensable in the internet of things (IoT) area. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has been largely used as a power supply due to simple device structure and various possibilities of material selection. Although various surface modifications of TENG are utilized for improving the output performance of TENG, these methods have significant drawbacks of high‐cost fabrication process, limited device size, and wearing out. Here, a mechanically robust TENG using a newly developed surface‐textured glass fabric reinforced siloxane hybrid film (SGH film) is presented. The large‐scale SGH film is cost‐effectively fabricated via a simple roll‐to‐plate and UV curing process. The film is repeatedly duplicated over 100 times using one pre‐treated substrate mold. SGH film exhibits superior thermal and mechanical stability, compared to other polymer films. Finally, surface textured TENG (THTENG) is achieved using extremely stable SGH film, resulting in enhanced output power compared to flat TENG and high durability during the 100  000 cycles of TENG operation.
Chemically Stable Black Phase CsPbI3 Inorganic Perovskites for High‐Efficiency Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Yong , Chen Yuetian , Zhang Taiyang , Wang Xingtao , Zhao Yixin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch on chemically stable inorganic perovskites has achieved rapid progress in terms of high efficiency exceeding 19% and high thermal stabilities, making it one of the most promising candidates for thermodynamically stable and high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells. Among those inorganic perovskites, CsPbI3 with good chemical components stability possesses the suitable bandgap (≈1.7 eV) for single‐junction and tandem solar cells. Comparing to the anisotropic organic cations, the isotropic cesium cation without hydrogen bond and cation orientation renders CsPbI3 exhibit unique optoelectronic properties. However, the unideal tolerance factor of CsPbI3 induces the challenges of different crystal phase competition and room temperature phase stability. Herein, the latest important developments regarding understanding of the crystal structure and phase of CsPbI3 perovskite are presented. The development of various solution chemistry approaches for depositing high‐quality phase‐pure CsPbI3 perovskite is summarized. Furthermore, some important phase stabilization strategies for black phase CsPbI3 are discussed. The latest experimental and theoretical studies on the fundamental physical properties of photoactive phase CsPbI3 have deepened the understanding of inorganic perovskites. The future development and research directions toward achieving highly stable CsPbI3 materials will further advance inorganic perovskite for highly stable and efficient photovoltaics.
Rational Design of Semiconductor‐Based Chemiresistors and their Libraries for Next‐Generation Artificial Olfaction
Authors: Jeong Seong‐Yong , Kim Jun‐Sik , Lee Jong‐Heun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArtificial olfaction based on gas sensor arrays aims to substitute for, support, and surpass human olfaction. Like mammalian olfaction, a larger number of sensors and more signal processing are crucial for strengthening artificial olfaction. Due to rapid progress in computing capabilities and machine‐learning algorithms, on‐demand high‐performance artificial olfaction that can eclipse human olfaction becomes inevitable once diverse and versatile gas sensing materials are provided. Here, rational strategies to design a myriad of different semiconductor‐based chemiresistors and to grow gas sensing libraries enough to identify a wide range of odors and gases are reviewed, discussed, and suggested. Key approaches include the use of p‐type oxide semiconductors, multinary perovskite and spinel oxides, carbon‐based materials, metal chalcogenides, their heterostructures, as well as heterocomposites as distinctive sensing materials, the utilization of bilayer sensor design, the design of robust sensing materials, and the high‐throughput screening of sensing materials. In addition, the state‐of‐the‐art and key issues in the implementation of electronic noses are discussed. Finally, a perspective on chemiresistive sensing materials for next‐generation artificial olfaction is provided.
High Thermoelectric Performance in n‐Type Perylene Bisimide Induced by the Soret Effect
Authors: Jiang Qinglin , Sun Hengda , Zhao Duokai , Zhang Fengling , Hu Dehua , Jiao Fei , Qin Leiqiang , Linseis Vincent , Fabiano Simone , Crispin Xavier , Ma Yuguang , Cao Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow‐cost, non‐toxic, abundant organic thermoelectric materials are currently under investigation for use as potential alternatives for the production of electricity from waste heat. While organic conductors reach electrical conductivities as high as their inorganic counterparts, they suffer from an overall low thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) due to their small Seebeck coefficient. Moreover, the lack of efficient n‐type organic materials still represents a major challenge when trying to fabricate efficient organic thermoelectric modules. Here, a novel strategy is proposed both to increase the Seebeck coefficient and achieve the highest thermoelectric efficiency for n‐type organic thermoelectrics to date. An organic mixed ion–electron n‐type conductor based on highly crystalline and reduced perylene bisimide is developed. Quasi‐frozen ionic carriers yield a large ionic Seebeck coefficient of −3021 μV K−1, while the electronic carriers dominate the electrical conductivity which is as high as 0.18 S cm−1 at 60% relative humidity. The overall power factor is remarkably high (165 μW m−1 K−2), with a ZT = 0.23 at room temperature. The resulting single leg thermoelectric generators display a high quasi‐constant power output. This work paves the way for the design and development of efficient organic thermoelectrics by the rational control of the mobility of the electronic and ionic carriers.
Beyond Substrates: Strain Engineering of Ferroelectric Membranes
Authors: Pesquera David , Parsonnet Eric , Qualls Alexander , Xu Ruijuan , Gubser Andrew J. , Kim Jieun , Jiang Yizhe , Velarde Gabriel , Huang Yen‐Lin , Hwang Harold Y. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Martin Lane W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStrain engineering in perovskite oxides provides for dramatic control over material structure, phase, and properties, but is restricted by the discrete strain states produced by available high‐quality substrates. Here, using the ferroelectric BaTiO3, production of precisely strain‐engineered, substrate‐released nanoscale membranes is demonstrated via an epitaxial lift‐off process that allows the high crystalline quality of films grown on substrates to be replicated. In turn, fine structural tuning is achieved using interlayer stress in symmetric trilayer oxide‐metal/ferroelectric/oxide‐metal structures fabricated from the released membranes. In devices integrated on silicon, the interlayer stress provides deterministic control of ordering temperature (from 75 to 425 °C) and releasing the substrate clamping is shown to dramatically impact ferroelectric switching and domain dynamics (including reducing coercive fields to <10 kV cm−1 and improving switching times to <5 ns for a 20 µm diameter capacitor in a 100‐nm‐thick film). In devices integrated on flexible polymers, enhanced room‐temperature dielectric permittivity with large mechanical tunability (a 90% change upon ±0.1% strain application) is demonstrated. This approach paves the way toward the fabrication of ultrafast CMOS‐compatible ferroelectric memories and ultrasensitive flexible nanosensor devices, and it may also be leveraged for the stabilization of novel phases and functionalities not achievable via direct epitaxial growth.
Filament‐Free Bulk Resistive Memory Enables Deterministic Analogue Switching
Authors: Li Yiyang , Fuller Elliot J. , Sugar Joshua D. , Yoo Sangmin , Ashby David S. , Bennett Christopher H. , Horton Robert D. , Bartsch Michael S. , Marinella Matthew J. , Lu Wei D. , Talin A. Alec 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDigital computing is nearing its physical limits as computing needs and energy consumption rapidly increase. Analogue‐memory‐based neuromorphic computing can be orders of magnitude more energy efficient at data‐intensive tasks like deep neural networks, but has been limited by the inaccurate and unpredictable switching of analogue resistive memory. Filamentary resistive random access memory (RRAM) suffers from stochastic switching due to the random kinetic motion of discrete defects in the nanometer‐sized filament. In this work, this stochasticity is overcome by incorporating a solid electrolyte interlayer, in this case, yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), toward eliminating filaments. Filament‐free, bulk‐RRAM cells instead store analogue states using the bulk point defect concentration, yielding predictable switching because the statistical ensemble behavior of oxygen vacancy defects is deterministic even when individual defects are stochastic. Both experiments and modeling show bulk‐RRAM devices using TiO2‐X switching layers and YSZ electrolytes yield deterministic and linear analogue switching for efficient inference and training. Bulk‐RRAM solves many outstanding issues with memristor unpredictability that have inhibited commercialization, and can, therefore, enable unprecedented new applications for energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing. Beyond RRAM, this work shows how harnessing bulk point defects in ionic materials can be used to engineer deterministic nanoelectronic materials and devices.
Rare Earth‐Free Luminescent Materials for WLEDs: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Huqin , Pan Aizhao , Yang Biao , He Ling , Wu Youshen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development and application of white light‐emitting diode (WLED) lighting technology are of great significance for reducing energy consumption. Commonly used WLED devices rely on the use of rare earth luminescent materials. However, rare earth elements are nonrenewable resources, and mining and refining processes have an adverse impact on the environment. In recent years, new white light‐emitting luminescent materials that do not contain rare earth elements have been developed, such as quantum dots, fluorescent carbon dots, perovskite luminescent materials, organic luminescent materials, and metal–organic framework materials, among others, some of which are successfully applied in the development of WLEDs. Herein the latest progress in this research field is reviewed, analyzing the construction of practical WLED devices and comparing the characteristics of newly developed rare earth‐free luminescent materials. Last, the future development prospects in this field are described.
Recent Advancements on Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed, Chelation‐Induced ortho‐Hydroxylation of Arenes
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Joshi Asha , Ranjan De Saroj 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe phenols are key intermediates as well as desired products in many target oriented syntheses. The conversion of C−H bond to C−O bond is one of the most challenging tasks in organic synthesis. In last few decades, the hydroxylation of aromatic compounds has drawn a considerable attention because of their importance in Pharmaceutical industry, material chemistry, polymers and in agrochemicals. Indeed, transition‐metal‐catalyzed, coordination‐assisted regio‐ and chemoselective ortho‐hydroxylation of arenes has become very efficient and popular strategy to obtain good yields of phenols with tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. This review is the comprehensive summary of recent advancement on Pd‐, Ru‐, Rh‐, Cu‐ and Ir‐catalyzed, chelation‐controlled regioselective ortho‐C−H bond hydroxylation of aromatic compounds in the presence of diverse hydroxylating agents. The review has been classified on the sources of hydroxylating agents used in reaction.magnified image