bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Bi13B0.48V0.49-xPxO21.45 and Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones Derivatives Synthesis
Authors: Barebita Hanane , Merroun Youssef , Ferraa Soumya , Nimour Abderrazak , Souizi Abdelaziz , Guedira Taoufiq 
Published: December 2020

A new compound has been found in the system Bi13B0.48V0.49-x PxO21.45 (with 0≤x≤0.34), were prepared by the direct solid-state reaction of Bi2O3, (NH4)2HPO4, V2O5, and B2O3. This material melts congruently and it crystallize with the sillenite structure (space group I23) and form a solid solution with the cubic lattice parameter increasing from with a = 10.1568 Å to 10.1436 Å with increasing of P2O5 molar. Consequently, the new composites belong to g-variety of solid state. The samples have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), diffraction XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to the EDX. On the other hand, the valorization of the prepared composites was performed by using them as heterogeneous catalyst in the 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones derivatives synthesis. The catalyst is stable (as a bench top catalyst) and reusable. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Multi‐physics modeling of doxorubicine binding to ion‐exchange resin in blood filtration devices
Authors: Maani Nazanin , Balsara Nitash , Hetts Steven W. , Rayz Vitaliy L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA group of drugs used in intra‐arterial chemotherapy (IAC) have intrinsic ionic properties, which can be used for filtering excessive drugs from blood in order to reduce systemic toxicity. The ion‐exchange mechanism is utilized in an endovascular Chemofilter device which can be deployed during the IAC for capturing ionic drugs after they have had their effect on the tumor. In this study, the concentrated solution theory is used to account for the effect of electrochemical forces on the drug transport and adsorption by introducing an effective diffusion coefficient in the advection–diffusion–reaction equation. Consequently, a multi‐physics model coupling hemodynamic and electrochemical forces is developed and applied to simulations of the transport and binding of doxorubicine in the Chemofilter device. A comparison of drug adsorption predicted by the computations to that measured in animal studies demonstrated the benefits of using the concentrated solution theory over the Nernst–Plank relations for modeling drug binding.
Additive manufacturing of PA12 carbon nanotube composites with a novel laser polymer deposition process
Authors: Wencke Yannick L. , Kutlu Yunus , Seefeldt Malte , Esen Cemal , Ostendorf Andreas , Luinstra Gerrit A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe facile manufacture of PA12 MWCNT/silica (50/50 by weight) nanocomposite powders through a high energy mixing process is presented, which are useful to generate 3D objects by a novel Laser Polymer Deposition (LPD) process. The mixing as well as the LPD process led to no discernible changes in the material properties (DSC, SEM, LD) of the core‐shell nanocomposites, enabling the recycling of unconverted powder. The built parts yield ultimate tensile stresses and Young's modulus at 10%–20% of the bulk material. Partially unmolten particles and voids were identified as the main mechanical failure mechanism in the built parts. The mechanical properties are better with low additive content (Young's modulus: 89.8 ± 5.4 MPa; UTS: 12.9 ± 5.3 MPa with 0.25 wt% additives). Electronic conductivity up to the region of moderate conductivity could be achieved by multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) network formation (8 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 1.25 wt% of additives). A variant of the processing strategy revealed that a higher mechanical strength can be achieved by a laser induced remelting of the traces following their initial construction.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of renally cleared antibacterial drugs in Chinese renal impairment patients
Authors: Cui Cheng , Li Xiaobei , Liang Hao , Hou Zhe , Tu Siqi , Dong Zhongqi , Yao Xueting , Zhang Miao , Zhang Xuan , Li Haiyan , Zuo Xiaocong , Liu Dongyang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo preliminarily develop physiologically based population models for Chinese renal impairment patients and to evaluate the prediction performance of new population models by renally cleared antibacterial drugs. First, demographic data and physiological parameters of Chinese renal impairment patients were collected, and then the coefficients of the relative demographic and physiological equation were recalibrated to construct the new population models. Second, drug‐independent parameters of ceftazidime, cefodizime, vancomycin, and cefuroxime were collected and verified by Chinese healthy volunteers, Caucasian healthy volunteers, and Caucasian renal impairment population models built in Simcyp. Finally, the newly developed population models were applied to predict the plasma concentration of four antibacterial drugs in Chinese renal impairment patients. The new physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) population models can predict the main pharmacokinetic parameters, including area under the plasma concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf), renal clearance (CLr), and peak concentration (Cmax), of ceftazidime, cefodizime, vancomycin, and cefuroxime following intravenous administrations with less than twofold error in mild, moderate, and severe Chinese renal impairment patients. The accuracy and precision of the predictions were improved compared with the Chinese healthy volunteers and Caucasian renal impairment population models. The PBPK population models were preliminarily developed and the first‐step validation results of four antibacterial drugs following intravenous administration showed acceptable accuracy and precision. The population models still need more systematic validation by using more drugs and scenarios in future studies to support their applications on dosage recommendation for Chinese renal impairment patients.
Preparative isolation of the major metabolite NK‐1375 of diamide insecticide cyclaniliprole and its application to pertinent residue analysis in plant‐origin foods using UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Lu Zhou , Pan Hongyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNK‐1375 is a major metabolite of the diamide insecticide cyclaniliprole (CYCP) with toxicological significance. It is formed in various transformation pathways of CYCP, including photolysis and plant metabolism. In the present study, NK‐1375 was produced employing the liquid‐phase photolysis of CYCP followed by isolation using preparative liquid chromatography. The structure of the isolated substance was confirmed using MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and its purity was measured to be 95.9% using HPLC. As its application, a residue analysis method was first developed for the simultaneous determination of CYCP and NK‐1375 in six representative plant‐origin foods using fast multi‐plug filtration cleanup and UHPLC–MS/MS. Excellent linearity (r > 0.999) was obtained over the calibration range from 0.001 to 0.1 μg mL−1. The recoveries (intra‐day and inter‐day) of CYCP and NK‐1375 from different matrices ranged from 74 to 112%, with corresponding relative standard deviations less than 13%. The limits of quantitation of these two compounds were defined at 0.01 mg kg−1. This study can be useful for the subsequent analytical or toxicological research on this important pesticide metabolite.
Survival benefit from immunocheckpoint inhibitors in stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: A National Cancer Database propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Takamori Shinkichi , Komiya Takefumi , Powell Emily 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImmunocheckpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a standard pharmacological therapy in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because brain metastases (BMs) have historically been listed as exclusion criteria in previous clinical trials involving ICIs in advanced NSCLC, the survival benefit from ICI in NSCLC patients with BMs remains unclear. The National Cancer Database was queried for stage IV NSCLC patients with or without BMs between 2014 and 2015. Overall survival (OS) of stage IV NSCLC patients who received immunotherapy and that of stage IV NSCLC patients who did not receive immunotherapy were compared according to the presence or absence of BMs. Multivariable logistic analyses identified the clinical characteristics predictive of overall survival. A propensity score analysis was conducted with the aim of adjusting the potential biases arising from the clinical characteristics. This study included 42,512 patients with stage IV NSCLC; 11,810 patients with BMs and 30,702 patients without BMs. In univariate analysis, stage IV NSCLC patients with BMs treated with immunotherapy had a significantly longer OS than those without immunotherapy after propensity score matching (median OS: 12.8 vs 10.1 months, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.89, p < 0.0001). Multivariable Cox modeling after propensity score matching confirmed the survival benefit from ICI for stage IV NSCLC patients with BMs (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67–0.83, p < 0.0001). The HR in NSCLC patients without BMs treated with ICI compared with those without ICI was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73–0.82, p < 0.0001). Survival in stage IV NSCLC patients with BMs was significantly improved by ICI treatment at levels comparable to those without BMs using a retrospective database. ICI may be one of the promising treatment options for stage IV NSCLC patients with BMs. These findings should be validated in future prospective studies.
Effect of gibberellic acid and nitrogen application on biomass and nutritive value of annual ryegrass
Authors: Lemus Rocky , White Joshua A. , Morrison Jesse I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnhancing the growth of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) would be beneficial to livestock producers to decrease supplementation. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of nitrogen (N) and gibberellic acid (GA) in biomass production and nutritive. We evaluated the application of N (0, 20, and 40 lb N acre–1) and RyzUp Smartgrass (RYZ) [gibberellic acid (gibberellin A3)] at a rate of 0.4 oz acre–1 across two growing seasons (2011–2012 and 2012–2013). The experimental design was a split‐plot replicated four times. The main plots consisted of four treatment application dates (mid‐December, early and late January, and mid‐February) and the subplots consisted of four treatments (RYZ, 40 lb N acre‐1 [40N], 20 lb N acre‐1 [20N] plus RYZ, and 40N plus RYZ) and untreated control (UC). Seasonal dry matter (DM) yield was not different between UC and RYZ treatments, while N treatments had significantly greater biomass production but were not different from each other. RYZ had a 5% yield increase while 40N+RYZ had a 26% yield increase compared with UC. Treatment had a significant effect on crude protein (CP) (P < .01), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P = .02), and water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) (P < .01). No differences in WSC were detected between UC and RYZ treatments, while the treatments containing N had a slight decrease in concentration. Data suggests that temperatures in the southern United States during annual ryegrass production might be too mild to observe a GA response at the applied rates.
Pulse‐assisted fluidization of nanoparticles: Case of lithium iron phosphate material
Authors: Aghaee Sarbarze Samira , Latifi Mohammad , Rasouli Majid , Rousselot Steeve , Dollé Mickaël , Chaouki Jamal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPulse‐assisted fluidization was developed for the fluidization of nanoparticles at high‐temperature processes (eg, above 600°C, depending on the material of interest). The technique was employed for carbon coating of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) nanoparticles with a gas‐phase carbon precursor (ie, propylene) through chemical vapour deposition (PAFB‐CVD). LFP has been extensively investigated as an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective cathode material of rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. LFP nanoparticles of this research were, in fact, cohesive secondary particles of Geldart's group C. The CVD tests were carried out at temperatures between 600°C‐750°C. Uniform layers of carbon were deposited on the surface of LFP nanoparticles with a thickness less than 10 nm while particles were not sintered under high temperature operations. Also, the generated C‐LFP material held a superior electrical conductivity of 1010 times more than the conductivity of uncoated raw LFP; it also featured a significant enhancement of discharge capacity despite the considerable delay between the production of raw LFP nanoparticles and the CVD process.
Recent Advance in Carbon Dots: From Properties to Applications
Authors: Wu Hao , Xu Huimin , Shi Yuxin , Yuan Ting , Meng Ting , Zhang Yang , Xie Wenjing , Li Xiaohong , Li Yunchao , Fan Louzhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs a new type of nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have been recognized as a versatile nanoplatform with enormous potential for biomedical and optoelectronic applications because of low cytotoxicity, photostability, biocompatibility and versatility in addition to their tunable photoluminescence. In this review, we aim at updating the latest research on preparation, optoelectronic and chemical properties of CDs as well as their biomedical and optoelectronic applications. We highlight the applications of CDs for stem cell imaging, cell nucleus imaging, two‐photon fluorescence imaging, tumor diagnosis and therapy and their optoelectronic applications including light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells and electrocatalysis. Furthermore, we also discuss current challenges and breakthroughs on machine‐learning‐driven synthesis of CDs as well as nucleic acid detection with an eye towards the future. Finally, we hope that this review will give further impulses to target‐oriented research on CDs for biomedical and optoelectronic applications.
Forebrain projection neurons target functionally diverse respiratory control areas in the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Authors: Trevizan‐Baú Pedro , Dhingra Rishi R. , Furuya Werner I. , Stanić Davor , Mazzone Stuart B. , Dutschmann Mathias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEupnea is generated by neural circuits located in the ponto‐medullary brainstem, but can be modulated by higher brain inputs which contribute to volitional control of breathing and the expression of orofacial behaviors, such as vocalization, sniffing, coughing, and swallowing. Surprisingly, the anatomical organization of descending inputs that connect the forebrain with the brainstem respiratory network remains poorly defined. We hypothesized that descending forebrain projections target multiple distributed respiratory control nuclei across the neuroaxis. To test our hypothesis, we made discrete unilateral microinjections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), the pontine Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus (KFn), the medullary Bötzinger complex (BötC), pre‐BötC, or caudal midline raphé nuclei. We quantified the regional distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons in the forebrain 12–14 days postinjection. Overall, our data reveal that descending inputs from cortical areas predominantly target the PAG and KFn. Differential forebrain regions innervating the PAG (prefrontal, cingulate cortices, and lateral septum) and KFn (rhinal, piriform, and somatosensory cortices) imply that volitional motor commands for vocalization are specifically relayed via the PAG, while the KFn may receive commands to coordinate breathing with other orofacial behaviors (e.g., sniffing, swallowing). Additionally, we observed that the limbic or autonomic (interoceptive) systems are connected to broadly distributed downstream bulbar respiratory networks. Collectively, these data provide a neural substrate to explain how volitional, state‐dependent, and emotional modulation of breathing is regulated by the forebrain.
Synergistic effects of long‐term herbivory and previous fire on fine‐scale heterogeneity of prescribed grassland burns
Authors: Werner Chhaya M. , Kimuyu Duncan , Veblen Kari E. , Sensenig Ryan L. , LaMalfa Eric , Young Truman P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGrassland and savanna ecosystems, important for both livelihoods and biodiversity conservation, are strongly affected by ecosystem drivers such as herbivory, fire, and drought. Interactions among fire, herbivores and vegetation produce complex feedbacks in these ecosystems, but these have rarely been studied in the context of fuel continuity and resultant fire heterogeneity. We carried out 36 controlled burns within replicated experimental plots that had allowed differential access by wild and domestic large herbivores since 1995 in a savanna ecosystem in Kenya. Half of these were reburns of plots burned 5 yr previously. We show here that the fine‐scale spatial heterogeneity of fire was greater in plots (1) previously burned, (2) accessible to large herbivores, and especially (3) these two in combination. An additional embedded experiment demonstrated that even small experimental burn‐free patches can have strong positive effects on tree saplings, which experienced less damage during controlled burns and quicker postfire recovery. This work highlights the importance of simultaneously examining the interactions between fire and herbivory on fuel heterogeneity, which can have important impacts on the growth of woody saplings in savanna grasslands.
Polarity effect of breakdown characteristics across micrometer‐scale surface gap
Authors: Iwabuchi Hiroyuki , Oyama Tsutomu , Kumada Akiko , Hidaka Kunihiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith a miniaturization of electrical devices, the gap between electrode becomes lower and lower. In order to optimize the insulation design, the understanding of breakdown phenomenon across micrometer‐scale gap is essential. In this study, breakdown characteristics across micrometer‐scale gap was investigated based on experiment and numerical simulation. The result shows that the breakdown voltage under positive voltage application is 1.5 times higher than the one under the negative voltage application. The polarity effect can be explained by the source of initial electrons. Under negative voltage application, the initial electrons are emitted from the cathode surface based on Fowler‐Nordheim equation. On the other hand, under positive voltage application, the insulator plays an important role on breakdown voltage.
Assessment of 1/f noise associated with nanopores fabricated through chemically tuned controlled dielectric breakdown
Authors: Saharia Jugal , Bandara Y. M. Nuwan D. Y. , Karawdeniya Buddini I. , Alexandrakis George , Kim Min Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, we developed a fabrication method—chemically‐tuned controlled dielectric breakdown (CT‐CDB)—that produces nanopores (through thin silicon nitride membranes) surpassing legacy drawbacks associated with solid‐state nanopores (SSNs). However, the noise characteristics of CT‐CDB nanopores are largely unexplored. In this work, we investigated the 1/f noise of CT‐CDB nanopores of varying solution pH, electrolyte type, electrolyte concentration, applied voltage, and pore diameter. Our findings indicate that the bulk Hooge parameter (αb) is about an order of magnitude greater than SSNs fabricated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while the surface Hooge parameter (αs) is ∼3 order magnitude greater. Theαs of CT‐CDB nanopores was ∼5 orders of magnitude greater than theirαb, which suggests that the surface contribution plays a dominant role in 1/f noise. Experiments with DNA exhibited increasing capture rates with pH up to pH ∼8 followed by a drop at pH ∼9 perhaps due to the onset of electroosmotic force acting against the electrophoretic force. The1/f noise was also measured for several electrolytes and LiCl was found to outperform NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl. The 1/f noise was found to increase with the increasing electrolyte concentration and pore diameter. Taken together, the findings of this work suggest the pH approximate 7–8 range to be optimal for DNA sensing with CT‐CDB nanopores.
TF33 Turbofan engine in every respect: Performance, environmental, and sustainability assessment
Authors: Balli Ozgur , Ekici Selcuk , Karakoc T. Hikmet 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe performance parameters, environmental sensitivity, and sustainability of a turbofan engine used extensively in military aviation are examined to the last detail. Assessment parameters named as energy efficiency, specific fuel consumption (SFC) and thrust, fuel heating value ratio (FHVR), thermal limit ratio (TLR), enthalpy ratio (ER), engine thrust ratio (ETR), fuel cost rate (FCR), specific fuel cost rate (SFCR), exergy efficiency, exergy destruction ratio, exergy loss ratio (ExLR), waste exergy ratio (WExR), exergetic improvement potential (ExIP), relative exergetic improvement potential (RExIP), productivity lack ratio (PLR), fuel exergy waste ratio (FExWR), environmental effect factor (EEF), ecological effect factor (EcoEF), sustainable efficiency factor (SEF), and exergetic sustainability index (ESI) were used to analyze thermodynamically the engine. The most sustainable and environmentally friendly components are researched and the results are presented to the literature. Between the components, the combustion chamber (CC) has the highest EEF with 0.8627 and the highest EcoEF value with 1.8627. Comparing the engine components, the low‐pressure turbine (LPT) has the best SEF value with 67.83 and the best ESI value with 66.83. Conversely, the CC has the worst SEF value with 2.16 and the best ESI value with 1.16. Ultimately, environmental and sustainability results from the analysis are expected to help understand the link between turbofan engine selection for both commercial and military aircraft and green flight paths, and therefore, make the choice of turbofan engines environmentally benign and greener.
The emergence and intensification of early hunter‐gatherer niche construction
Authors: Thompson Jessica C. , Wright David K. , Ivory Sarah J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHunter‐gatherers, especially Pleistocene examples, are not well‐represented in archeological studies of niche construction. However, as the role of humans in shaping environments over long time scales becomes increasingly apparent, it is critical to develop archeological proxies and testable hypotheses about early hunter‐gatherer impacts. Modern foragers engage in niche constructive behaviors aimed at maintaining or increasing the productivity of their environments, and these may have had significant ecological consequences over later human evolution. In some cases, they may also represent behaviors unique to modern Homo sapiens. Archeological and paleoenvironmental data show that African hunter‐gatherers were niche constructors in diverse environments, which have legacies in how ecosystems function today. These can be conceptualized as behaviorally mediated trophic cascades, and tested using archeological and paleoenvironmental proxies. Thus, large‐scale niche construction behavior is possible to identify at deeper time scales, and may be key to understanding the emergence of modern humans.