bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and anthropometric characteristics of non‐obese non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease subjects in Japan
Authors: Shida Takashi , Oshida Natsumi , Suzuki Hideo , Okada Kosuke , Watahiki Takahisa , Oh Sechang , Kim Taeho , Isobe Tomonori , Okamoto Yoshikazu , Ariizumi Shun‐ichi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Shoda Junichi 
Published: June 2020

AimThe underlying mechanism of non‐obese non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been fully elucidated. We classified patients with NAFLD by sex and body mass index and compared their clinical features to clarify the background pathophysiology of non‐obese NAFLD.MethodsA total of 404 patients with NAFLD were divided according to their body mass index (<25 [non‐obese], 25 to <30 [obese], and ≥30 [severe obese]), and were further compared with 253 patients without obesity and NAFLD (non‐NAFLD).ResultsThe proportion of the individuals with non‐obese NAFLD was 25.7% in men and 27.6% in women. The male and female non‐obese NAFLD groups had lower skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength than the obese NAFLD groups. The visceral fat area, although low, was ≥100 cm2 in 59.3% of men and 43.8% of women. An increase in liver fat accumulation, hepatic fibrosis, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and leptin levels was modest in the non‐obese NAFLD group compared with a marked increase in the obese NAFLD groups. The muscle mass of the non‐obese NAFLD group was similar to that of the non‐NAFLD group, but muscle steatosis was particularly common among women. Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors contributing to increased liver fat accumulation in the non‐obese NAFLD group were visceral fat area, HbA1c, myostatin, and leptin.ConclusionsIn patients with non‐obese NAFLD, a sex difference was observed in the clinical features. In addition to increased visceral fat, decreased muscle mass and muscle strength, muscle atrophy (presarcopenia), and impaired glucose tolerance were considered to be important pathophysiological factors.
Refining the Salience Hypothesis: Does the Response to Immigration Differ Across Countries?
Authors: Davis Lewis S. , Deole Sumit S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApplied to immigration, Blalock’s (Toward a Theory of Minority‐Group Relations. A Capricorn Giant, 1967) salience hypothesis predicts that contact with immigrants will tend to highlight the role of nationality in the identities of natives and thereby increase opposition to immigration. Drawing on group threat and cultural perspectives hypotheses, we consider the roles of macroeconomic conditions and national culture in salience effects. Our results indicate that economic concerns over immigration are more sensitive to the immigrant population share during difficult economic times and in countries with less religious diversity and more collectivist cultures. In contrast, cultural concerns over immigration are not sensitive to the macroeconomic and cultural variables we examine. Thus, the attitudinal response to immigration differs significantly across countries, a finding that is relevant to attempts to manage the social and political consequences of large immigration inflows.
Highly Skilled Entrepreneurial Refugees: Legal and Practical Barriers and Enablers to Start Up in the Netherlands
Authors: de Lange Tesseltje , Berntsen Lisa , Hanoeman Romy , Haidar Ous 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article analyses how highly skilled refugees experience barriers and enablers to entrepreneurship in the Netherlands. Using the welcoming talent model, the article claims that material and procedural norms as well as the governance of support for refugee entrepreneurship in the Netherlands needs a new design. Through socio‐legal research on the experiences of highly skilled Syrian refugees, private support structures and municipalities with migration, integration and welfare policies and practices, we reveal that financial independence through entrepreneurship requires not just entrepreneurial skills but meeting the right people and not running into municipalities propagating work first. Policies and practices need to be developed in which welcoming entrepreneurial (highly skilled) refugees is key. Welcoming policies and practices are to offer refugees nationwide, equally accessible, transparent support structures, and access to finance instead of barriers towards financial independence.
Prevention and management of aggressive behaviour in patients at psychiatric hospitals: a document analysis of clinical practice guidelines in Hong Kong
Authors: Lantta Tella , Varpula Jaakko , Cheung Teris , Wong Wai Kit , Cheng Po Yee Ivy , Ng Tony , Ng Chi Fai , Yam Chun Pong , Ip Glendy , Bressington Daniel , Välimäki Maritta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatient aggressive behaviour remains a significant public health concern worldwide. The use of restraint and seclusion remains a last resort but not an uncommon practice in clinical psychiatry in the management of aggressive events. There seems to be a paucity of evidenced‐based research examining the policy framework guiding the use of restraint and seclusion in Asia contexts. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis on the guidelines in psychiatric hospitals in Hong Kong, and to explore the extent to which these guidelines were aligned with the international clinical guidelines for the prevention and management of patient aggression in psychiatry. A descriptive document analysis was used to analyse the guidelines from four psychiatric hospitals in Hong Kong in comparison with the NICE (National Institute of Health and Care Excellence UK) guidelines. Data were collected from December 2017 to June 2018. A total of 91 written documents were retrieved. Preventing violence and aggression has the highest level of agreement (31%,) while the use of restrictive interventions has the lowest level of agreement (12%). The sub‐recommendation with most in line with the NICE guidelines were restrictive interventions, de‐escalation, and improving service users’ experiences. However, for example, staff training, working with police, and reduced use of restrictive interventions seemed to have no agreement with the NICE guidelines. Variation exists between the Asian (Hong Kong) local policy framework/guidelines and the European (UK) national policy framework. There are also large discrepancies in the written guidelines on patient aggressive behaviour when comparing local policy frameworks, cluster‐based documents, and departmental practices.
Usingeye‐movementmodelling examples to improve critical reading of multiple webpages on a conflicting topic
Authors: Salmerón Ladislao , Delgado Pablo , Mason Lucia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInterventions to promote students' source evaluations have used various methods designed for the classroom context. In the present study, we tested an approach that is easily adaptable to online courses, based on eye movement modelling examples (EMME), that is, short videos displaying an expert student's eye gaze while s/he reads multiple pages on the Internet to learn about a conflicting topic. Using an eye‐tracking methodology in a pre–post design, we analysed how an intervention using EMME changed students' attention to source information, and how this processing affected their learning. EMME increased participants' attention to the search engine results page, author information and decreased attention of texts from untrustworthy pages. In addition, EMME increased the number of participants who cited at least one document source at post‐test. We discuss the potential benefits and limitations of EMME in teaching complex literacy strategies, and the importance of measuring processing data in educational research studies.
Development and validation of immune inflammation–based index for predicting the clinical outcome in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Xiaojiao , Liu Guohong , Pan Yunbao , Li Yirong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInflammation indicators, such as systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), are associated with poor prognosis in various solid cancers. In this study, we investigated the predictive value of these inflammation indicators in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This retrospective study involved 559 patients with NPC and 500 patients with chronic rhinitis, and 255 NPC patients were followed up successfully. Continuous variables and qualitative variables were measured by t test and chi‐square test, respectively. The optimal cut‐off values of various inflammation indicators were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Moreover, the diagnostic value for NPC was decided by the area under the curves (AUCs). The Kaplan‐Meier methods and the log‐rank test were used to analyse overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). The independent prognostic risk factors for survival and influencing factors of side effects after treatment were analysed by Cox and logistic regression analysis, respectively. Most haematological indexes of NPC and rhinitis were significantly different between the two groups, and PLR was optimal predictive indicators of diagnosis. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, PLR, WBC, RDW, M stage and age were independent prognostic risk factors. Many inflammation indicators that affected various side effects were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, the combined inflammation indicators were superior to single haematological indicator in the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC. These inflammation indicators can be used to supply the current evaluation system of the TNM staging system to help predict the prognosis in NPC patients.
Langmuir‐diffusion model: Its modification and further application to glutinous rice flour particles
Authors: Zhao Xuewei , Zhang Hua , Li Wangming , Li Xingke , Fan Wen , Zhang Yanyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen the Langmuir‐diffusion model was applied to a continuous multistep dynamic vapor adsorption, an initial desorption of bound water was predicted for the relative humidity (RH) steps except the first. The desorption is physically meaningless. The model was modified with assuming probability ratio (β/γ) continuity between the boundary and field equations. The β/γ was calculated from the Park isotherm model. According to our modifying methodology, two parameter selection strategies exist while conducting parameter optimization: β as parameter while γ calculated using the β/γ ratio; γ as parameter while β calculated. These two strategies can result to almost identical total, free and bound water concentration evolution, nearly equal diffusivity, and qualitatively similar variation trends of both γ and β with free water concentration. Application of the modified model to the adsorption of glutinous rice flour revealed that the well‐documented bell‐like diffusivity vs RH curve did not hold for the free water.Practical ApplicationsThe Fickian law assumes that all water molecules diffuse equally. As we all know, at least two water populations with different mobilities coexist in most food materials. The Langmuir‐diffusion model assumes that the water molecules exist in free and bound states and that the free molecules may bond at certain sorption sites while diffusing. The modified version of the Langmuir‐diffusion model proposed here can be used to describe a continuous multistep vapor adsorption and deepen our understanding of moisture transfer mechanisms. This information can be applied in optimizing both the quality of food product and the economics of many food processes involving water transfer.
Impairing committed cholesterol biosynthesis in white matter astrocytes, but not grey matter astrocytes, enhances in vitro myelination
Authors: Werkman Inge L. , Kövilein Janine , de Jonge Jenny C. , Baron Wia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRemyelination is a regenerative process that is essential to recover saltatory conduction and to prevent neurodegeneration upon demyelination. The formation of new myelin involves the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) toward oligodendrocytes and requires high amounts of cholesterol. Astrocytes (ASTRs) modulate remyelination by supplying lipids to oligodendrocytes. Remarkably, remyelination is more efficient in grey matter (GM) than in white matter (WM), which may relate to regional differences in ASTR subtype. Here, we show that a feeding layer of gmASTRs was more supportive to in vitro myelination than a feeding layer of wmASTRs. While conditioned medium from both gmASTRs and wmASTRs accelerated gmOPC differentiation, wmOPC differentiation is enhanced by secreted factors from gmASTRs, but not wmASTRs. In vitro analyses revealed that gmASTRs secreted more cholesterol than wmASTRs. Cholesterol efflux from both ASTR types was reduced upon exposure to pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which was mediated via cholesterol transporter ABCA1, but not ABCG1, and correlated with a minor reduction of myelin membrane formation by oligodendrocytes. Surprisingly, a wmASTR knockdown of Fdft1 encoding for squalene synthase (SQS), an enzyme essential for the first committed step in cholesterol biosynthesis, enhanced in vitro myelination. Reduced secretion of interleukin‐1β likely by enhanced isoprenylation, and increased unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, both pathways upstream of SQS, likely masked the effect of reduced levels of ASTR‐derived cholesterol. Hence, our findings indicate that gmASTRs export more cholesterol and are more supportive to myelination than wmASTRs, but specific inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in ASTRs is beneficial for wmASTR‐mediated modulation of myelination.
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Perceived overqualification and task performance: Reconciling two opposing pathways
Authors: Lee Allan , Erdogan Berrin , Tian Amy , Willis Sara , Cao Jie 
Published: June 2020

In this study, we predict that higher levels of relative deprivation and higher levels of task mastery constitute two pathways through which perceived overqualification (POQ) has indirect and opposing effects on task performance. Further, we predict that occupational instrumentality, the degree to which the individual regards their job as a stepping stone to future career opportunities, will serve as a moderator for both pathways. Across two studies, as well as a supplementary study, we found evidence that POQ is positively associated with followers’ perceptions of both task mastery and relative deprivation. In both studies, we also found consistent evidence for a positive indirect effect between POQ and task performance via perceptions of task mastery. This indirect relationship was observed for both self‐rated (Studies 1 and 2) and manager‐rated task performance (Study 2). Further, occupational instrumentality mitigated the positive relationship between POQ and relative deprivation. Overall, the results suggest that POQ–task performance relationship is a function of dual pathways that work in opposing directions and that the ability to see the job as a stepping stone is instrumental in determining the strength of these pathways.Practitioner points

Our findings suggest that when employees feel overqualified for their jobs, it can have both positive and negative effects on their level of task performance. On the one hand, when employees feel they are overqualified they may feel resentment and demotivation at work. On the other hand, such employees are also more likely to master the skills needed to perform their jobs at a high level.

The demotivating effects of perceived overqualification on task performance depend on the degree to which employees regard their jobs as a stepping stone to future career opportunities.

Organizations or managers of employees who feel overqualified should consider ways to highlight how their job connects to future career opportunities and offers advancement potential.
Expressed Demand for Health Care Services in Regional South Australia: A Cross‐sectional Study
Authors: Leach Matthew J. , Walsh Sandra , Muyambi Kuda , Gillam Marianne , Jones Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeAccessibility and availability of health care services/providers is an increasing concern for many regional communities, particularly regional South Australia. Assessing the level of health service/provider utilization within a region (ie, expressed demand) can be useful in determining health care need and health service/workforce demand.MethodsThe regional South Australia health (RESONATE) survey aimed to determine the expressed demand for health care services and the health workforce in a regional South Australian population. The study was open to adults living in regional South Australia and was promoted using a comprehensive multimodal recruitment campaign. Data were collected between April 2017 and March 2018 using the consumer utilization, expectations and experiences of healthcare instrument.FindingsA total of 3,926 adults completed the questionnaire. Participants reported using 47 different health care providers in the previous 12 months. Whilst almost all (92.9%) participants had seen a general practitioner in the past 12 months, yoga instructors, chiropractors, pharmacists, and physiotherapists were visited most frequently. Proportionally fewer participants in more remote locations received conventional services/treatments, though a significantly greater proportion of those in more remote locations had received complementary medicine services/treatments (relative to inner regional areas).ConclusionsFindings of the RESONATE survey point to a high level of expressed demand for conventional and complementary health care services among study participants, possibly higher than that reported in the general population. Examining the extent to which the health needs of this and other regional populations are met should be the focus of further research to better inform future health workforce/services planning.
Silica‐rich objects in the Acfer 182 CH chondrite: A new view
Authors: Varela Maria Eugenia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFive silica‐rich objects (SRO) from Acfer 182 were studied. They have cryptocrystalline textures characterized by micro‐emulsion and amoeboid patterns that point toward the coexistence of pyroxene‐ and silica‐normative liquids that were quenched. Both objects have variable contents of refractory lithophile elements. Their positive Yb versus La correlation around primordial values suggests a cosmochemical process (e.g., a gas/liquid condensation) as responsible for SRO formation. The bulk trace element abundances of amoeboid‐ and emulsion‐type SRO as well as their fractionation do not support an origin through high temperature processes. Conversely, their formation might have taken place while cooling of the nebular gas in two different chondrule‐forming regions characterized by having different evolution paths. Cooling of these dust‐enriched regions might lead to the condensation of pyroxene‐rich liquids first, followed by formation of Mg‐rich and SiO2‐rich liquids, provided irradiation and annealing were active in these regions. Irradiation could be the process involved both in the formation of cristobalite (with annealing ~1200 K) and in triggering a spinoidal decomposition causing unmixing of the enstatite liquid into two coexisting phases, such as Mg‐rich and SiO2‐rich liquids, the precursors of the SRO in Acfer 182. Formation of emulsion‐ and amoeboid‐type objects may be the result of exposing those chondrule‐forming regions to different degrees of radiation.
National nutrition strategies that focus on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in Southeast Asia do not consistently align with regional and international recommendations
Authors: Nguyen Tuan T. , Darnell Ashley , Weissman Amy , Cashin Jennifer , Withers Mellissa , Mathisen Roger , Lapping Karin , Mastro Timothy D. , Frongillo Edward A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examined the consistency of national nutrition strategies and action plans (NNS) focusing on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in Southeast Asia with regional and international recommendations. Between July and December 2017, we identified and extracted information on context, objectives, interventions, indicators, strategies, and coordination mechanisms from the most recent NNS in nine Southeast Asian countries. All NNS described context, objectives, and the following interventions: antenatal care, micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy, breastfeeding promotion, improved complementary feeding, nutrition in emergencies, and food fortification or dietary diversity. Micronutrient supplementation for young children was included in eight NNS; breastfeeding promotion during pregnancy and support at birth in seven; and school feeding, deworming, and treatment of severe acute malnutrition in six. All NNS contained programme monitoring and evaluation plans with measurable indicators and targets. Not all NNS covered wasting, exclusive breastfeeding, low birthweight, and childhood overweight. Strategies for achieving NNS goals and objectives were health system strengthening (nine), social and behaviour change communication (nine), targeting vulnerable groups (eight), and social or community mobilization (four). All addressed involvement, roles and responsibilities, and collaboration mechanisms among sectors and stakeholders. There was a delay in releasing NNS in Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. In conclusion, although Southeast Asian NNS have similarities in structure and contents, some interventions and indicators vary by country and do not consistently align with regional and international recommendations. A database with regularly updated information on NNS components would facilitate cross‐checking completeness within a country, comparison across countries, and knowledge sharing and learning.
Genetic architecture of a body colour cline inDrosophila americana
Authors: Sramkoski Lisa L. , McLaughlin Wesley N. , Cooley Arielle M. , Yuan David C. , John Alisha , Wittkopp Patricia J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhenotypic variation within a species is often structured geographically in clines. InDrosophila americana, a longitudinal cline for body colour exists within North America that appears to be due to local adaptation. Thetanandebonygenes have been hypothesized to contribute to this cline, with alleles of both genes that lighten body colour found inD. americana. These alleles are similar in sequence and function to the allele fixed inD. americana'smore lightly pigmented sister species,Drosophila novamexicana. Here, we examine the frequency and geographic distribution of theseD. novamexicana‐like alleles inD. americana. Among alleles from over 100 strains ofD. americanaisolated from 21 geographic locations, we failed to identify additional alleles oftanorebonywith as much sequence similarity toD. novamexicanaas theD. novamexicana‐like alleles previously described. However, using genetic analysis of 51D. americanastrains derived from 20 geographic locations, we identified one new allele ofebonyand one new allele oftansegregating inD. americanathat are functionally equivalent to theD. novamexicanaallele. An additional 5 alleles oftanalso showed marginal evidence of functional similarity. Given the rarity of these alleles, however, we conclude that they are unlikely to be driving the pigmentation cline. Indeed, phenotypic distributions of the 51 backcross populations analysed indicate a more complex genetic architecture, with diversity in the number and effects of loci altering pigmentation observed both within and among populations ofD. americana. This genetic heterogeneity poses a challenge to association studies and genomic scans for clinal variation, but might be common in natural populations.