bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of feeding thermally peroxidized soybean oil on growth performance, digestibility, gut integrity, and oxidative stress in nursery pigs
Authors: Kerr Brian J , Lindblom Stephanie C , Overholt Martin F 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe objectives of the current experiments were to evaluate the effect of feeding soybean oil (SO) with different levels of peroxidation on lipid, N, and GE digestibility, gut integrity, oxidative stress, and growth performance in nursery pigs. Treatments consisted diets containing 10% fresh SO (22.5 °C) or thermally processed SO (45 °C for 288 h, 90 °C for 72 h, or 180 °C for 6 h), each with an air infusion of 15 L/min, with postprocessing peroxide values of 7.6, 11.5, 19.1, and 13.4 mEq/kg and p-anisidine values of 1.92, 6.29, 149, and 159, for the 22.5 °C, 45 °C, 90 °C and 180 °C processed SO, respectively. In experiment 1, 64 barrows (7.1 ± 0.9 kg initial BW) were randomly allotted into 2 rooms of 32 pens and individually fed their experimental diets for 21 d, with a fresh fecal sample collected on day 20 for determination of GE and lipid digestibility. In experiment 2, 56 barrows (BW 9.16 ± 1.56 kg) were placed into individual metabolism crates for assessment of GE, lipid, and N digestibility and N retention. Urinary lactulose to mannitol ratio was assessed to evaluate in vivo small intestinal integrity, and urine and plasma were collected to analyze for markers of oxidative stress. Pigs were subsequently euthanized to obtain liver weights and analyze the liver for markers of oxidative stress. In experiment 1, pigs fed the SO thermally processed at 90 °C had reduced ADG (P = 0.01) and ADFI (P = 0.04) compared to pigs fed the other SO treatment groups, with no differences noted among pigs fed the 22.5 °C, 45 °C, and 180 °C SO treatments. No effects of feeding thermally processing SO on dietary GE or lipid digestibility (P &gt; 0.10) were noted in either experiment. In experiment 2, there was no dietary effect of feeding peroxidized SO on the DE:ME ratio, N digestibility, or N retained as a percent of N digested, on the urinary ratio of lactulose to mannitol, on serum, urinary, or liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, on plasma protein carbonyls, or on urinary or liver 8-OH-2dG (P &gt; 0.10). In experiment 2, pigs fed the SO thermally processed at 90 °C had the greatest isoprostane concentrations in the serum (P ≤ 0.01) and urine (P ≤ 0.05) compared to pigs fed the unprocessed SO. These results indicate that the change in fatty acid composition and/or the presence of lipid peroxidation products in peroxidized SO may reduce ADG and ADFI in nursery pigs, but appears to have no impact on GE, lipid, or N digestibility, or gut permeability. These data suggest that the presence of lipid peroxidation products may affect certain markers of oxidative stress.
Energy values of triticale or sorghum distillers’ dried grains with solubles and rye fed to broiler chickens
Authors: Adeola Olayiwola , Kong Changsu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The current experiments were conducted to determine ileal digestible energy (IDE), metabolizable energy (ME), and nitrogen-corrected ME (MEn) of triticale distillers’ dried grains with solubles (TDDGS), sorghum distillers’ dried grains with solubles (SDDGS), or rye for broiler chickens using the regression method. Five diets including a corn-soybean meal reference diet and four assay diets, prepared by adding TDDGS or SDDGS at 10% or 20% of the diet to partly replace energy-yielding ingredients in the reference diet, were used. Each of the five diets was fed to eight replicate cages of six birds per replicate cage from day 14 to 21 post-hatching. Similarly in experiment 2, corn-soybean reference diet and two assay diets in which rye at 20% or 40% replaced energy-yielding sources in the reference diet and each of the three diets was fed to eight replicate cages of eight birds per replicate cage from day 18 to 23 post-hatching. Excreta samples were collected twice daily from day 18 to 20 in experiment 1 or day 20 to 22 in experiment 2, and ileal digesta were collected on day 21 (experiment 1) or day 23 (experiment 2). The IDE, ME, and MEn (kcal/kg DM) of TDDGS or SDDGS were derived from the regressions of TDDGS-, SDDGS-, or rye-associated, IDE, apparent ME, and apparent MEn intake in kilocalories against the intake of TDDGS, SDDGS, or rye (X, kg DM), respectively. For diets with TDDGS substitution, regression equations were IDE = 12.3 + 3,288X, ME = −3.0 + 2,800X, and MEn = −0.4 + 2,647X. The equations for the SDDGS diets were IDE = −4.8 + 3,247X, ME = −7.6 + 3,210X, and MEn = −7.0 + 3,072X; and those for the rye diets were IDE = 9.5 + 3,002X, ME = 6.3 + 3,053X, and MEn = 4.8 + 2,928X. The IDE contents did not differ between TDDGS and SDDGS whereas the ME and MEn contents were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the SDDGS than in the TDDGS. In conclusion, the current study provided energy values of the DDGS sources and rye using the regression method. The regression-derived IDE for TDDGS, SDDGS, or rye were 3,288, 3,247, or 3,002 kcal/kg DM, respectively; corresponding ME were 2,800, 3,210, or 3,053 kcal/kg DM. The respective regression-derived MEn for TDDGS, SDDGS, or rye were 2,647, 3,072, or 2,928 kcal/kg DM for broiler chickens.
Variance estimates are similar using pedigree or genomic relationships with or without the use of metafounders or the algorithm for proven and young animals1
Authors: Aldridge Michael N , Vandenplas Jérémie , Bergsma Rob , Calus Mario P L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With an increase in the number of animals genotyped there has been a shift from using pedigree relationship matrices (A) to genomic ones. As the use of genomic relationship matrices (G) has increased, new methods to build or approximate G have developed. We investigated whether the way variance components are estimated should reflect these changes. We estimated variance components for maternal sow traits by solving with restricted maximum likelihood, with four methods of calculating the inverse of the relationship matrix. These methods included using just the inverse of A (A−1), combining A−1 and the direct inverse of G (HDIRECT−1), including metafounders (HMETA−1), or combining A−1 with an approximated inverse of G using the algorithm for proven and young animals (HAPY−1). There was a tendency for higher additive genetic variances and lower permanent environmental variances estimated with A−1 compared with the three H−1 methods, which supports that G−1 is better than A−1 at separating genetic and permanent environmental components, due to a better definition of the actual relationships between animals. There were limited or no differences in variance estimates between HDIRECT−1, HMETA−1, and HAPY−1. Importantly, there was limited differences in variance components, repeatability or heritability estimates between methods. Heritabilities ranged between &lt;0.01 to 0.04 for stayability after second cycle, and farrowing rate, between 0.08 and 0.15 for litter weight variation, maximum cycle number, total number born, total number still born, and prolonged interval between weaning and first insemination, and between 0.39 and 0.44 for litter birth weight and gestation length. The limited differences in heritabilities suggest that there would be very limited changes to estimated breeding values or ranking of animals across models using the different sets of variance components. It is suggested that variance estimates continue to be made using A−1, however including G−1 is possibly more appropriate if refining the model, for traits that fit a permanent environmental effect.
Dietary vitamin A affects growth performance, intestinal development, and functions in weaned piglets by affecting intestinal stem cells
Authors: Wang Zhaobin , Li Jia , Wang Yu , Wang Lei , Yin Yuebang , Yin Lanmei , Yang Huansheng , Yin Yulong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) is an important nutrient for weaning piglets. It plays a significant role in the normal formation, development, and maintenance of epithelial cells. Previous studies have shown that VA supplements could improve the host’s intestinal barrier function. Therefore, we hypothesized that VA supplements can affect intestinal function in weaned piglets by regulating intestinal stem cells. Thirty-two 21-d-old weaned [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] piglets with an average weight of 8.34 ± 0.13 kg were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with 1) 2 mg/kg (control), 2) 4 mg/kg, 3) 8 mg/kg, and 4) 16 mg/kg doses of VA, respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 d. Weaned piglets were given ad libitum access to food and water during the test. The ADG (linear, P = 0.020) and G:F (linear, P = 0.005) of the piglets were found to increase significantly from days 8 to 14. The Lgr5+ gene expression (P = 0.012) in the jejunum mucosa of the 16 mg/kg VA group was increased. The jejunum villus height (P = 0.027) and villi surface area (P = 0.035) were significantly increased in the 4 mg/kg VA treatment group. The crypt depth increased significantly in the 4 and 8 mg/kg VA treatment groups (quadratic, P = 0.043), and the ratios of villus height to crypt depth significantly increased in the 16 mg/kg VA group (quadratic, P = 0.015). The maltase (P = 0.032), sucrose (P = 0.041), and alkaline phosphatase activity (linear, P = 0.024) were significantly increased when further supplemented with 4 mg/kg VA. Slc2a2 mRNA abundance was significantly increased in the 2 mg/kg VA group (linear, P = 0.024). Moreover, the budding rates, buddings number per organoid, and Chromogranin A and Muc2 expression of piglet intestinal organoids were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05) by VA and its metabolites (retinoic acid). Compared with the control group, the expression of Spp1 and Trop2 increased. These results indicated that VA may increase the stemness of intestinal stem cell in vitro. This study suggested that VA could affect growth performance and intestinal function by regulating intestinal stem cells in the jejunum of weaned piglets.
Chromium Levels in Tobacco, Filter and Ash of Illicit Brands Cigarettes Marketed in Brazil
Authors: Lisboa Thalles Pedrosa , Mimura Aparecida Maria Simões , da Silva Julio Cesar Jose , de Sousa Rafael Arromba 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSmoking is a public health problem and an important source of exposure to toxic metals. This work describes an efficient analytical method comparable to the ones based on atomic emission techniques for the determination of chromium in different constituent parts of cigarette samples (tobacco, filters and ashes) using electrothermal vaporization–atomic absorption spectrometry. The method was evaluated using 12 samples, and the results showed recovery values between 83 and 107%. The accuracy was also evaluated using a reference sample of tomato leaves (NIST SRM 1573a), which proved the efficiency of the method. The limits of detection of the developed method were 20.4, 75.8 and 80.7 ng g−1 for tobacco, filter and cigarette ash samples, respectively. The average chromium values found for the analyzed samples were in the range of 0.96 to 3.85 and from 0.32 to 0.80 μg/cigarette for tobacco and ashes, respectively. For most pre-burn and post-burn filter samples, the values of chromium concentration remained below limits of detection. The developed method presented adequate results about precision and accuracy, demonstrating its applicability in the determination of chromium in cigarette samples.
Cardiac herniation after extrapleural pneumonectomy
Authors: Nishizawa Natsumasa , Osaki Toshihiro , Fukuichi Yukiko , Yasuda Manabu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cardiac herniation is a fatal complication in patients undergoing pneumonectomy with pericardial resection. A 53-year-old man underwent right-sided extrapleural pneumonectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma. He underwent right-sided pericardial resection and reconstruction with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sheet. Routine chest radiography performed 18 h postoperatively revealed cardiac herniation into the right-sided thoracic cavity. The patient was immediately transferred to the operating room, and the defect was repaired. He died of tumor progression. However, cardiac herniation did not recur over 2 years postoperatively.
Primary mesenteric vein thrombosis: a case series
Authors: Marconato Roberto , Nezi Giulia , Capovilla Giovanni , Moletta Lucia , Baldan Nicola , Canton Silvio Alen , Spirch Saverio , Salvador Renato , Merigliano Stefano 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT) is a rare condition, often misdiagnosed due to its vague and misleading clinical presentation. It can cause intestinal infarction, peritonitis, and consequently necessitate bowel resection. CT scanning with intravenous contrast enhancement is the gold standard for its diagnosis. Radiologists have an important role in defining the extent of thrombosis and identifying any signs of intestinal infarction influencing the decision whether or not to operate. In patients with no clinical signs of peritonitis or radiological evidence of intestinal infarction, the treatment can be exclusively medical, based on full anticoagulation (initially with low molecular weight heparin, followed by vitamin K antagonists or direct acting oral-anticoagulants). The duration of medical treatment depends on radiological evidence of resolution of thrombosis and the identification of pro-coagulant risk factors.
Adam and Evel: Did Satan Sleep with Eve in the Greek and Latin Lives of Adam and Eve?
Authors: Cousland J R C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A variety of ancient Jewish and Christian sources refer to a sexual liaison between Satan and Eve, a union that resulted in the birth of Cain. This article assembles these texts, and then considers whether the Greek and Latin Lives of Adam and Eve are also aware of this union, and whether these texts have been influenced by the tradition of the Watchers sleeping with the daughters of men. While scholars have been divided on these issues for the last century, this article determines that the Greek Life does not allude or refer to any sexual liaison. The Latin Vita (perhaps in dependence on a different archetype) could allow for the notion, but it is only Latin P that uses language pointing to a literal sexual union. These findings suggest that the Greek and Latin lives did not originally contain a sexual seduction of Eve by the devil. It was only latterly that the narratives were influenced by the Watchers’ narrative or attempts to account for Cain’s maleficent nature.
Humanidades Digitales en Filipinas: proyectos, dificultades y oportunidades de la colaboración Norte-Sur
Authors: Ortuño Casanova Rocío , Sarmiento Anna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Situated within the debate that has taken place in the recent years on how Digital Humanities can break down barriers between countries of the Global North and South (Intersectionality in Digital Humanities Conference, 2016), and how materials in minority langauges can have presence in the network for the generation of new knowledge (Thieberger, 2017; Rodríguez-Ortega and Cruces Rodríguez, 2018), the objective of this article is to explain how (and if) digitalization and Digital Humanities can facilitate research in the Philippines, as well as make it visible, and how this can be facilitated by cooperation projects, citing the example of the project Philperiodicals, carried out by the University of Antwerp and the University of the Philippies. What opportunities and difficulties were encountered upon proposing a project with such characteristics? What problems (ethical, at times) do we encounter when subsidizing projects in the South from the North? We shall address these questions based on the current status of digitalization and Digital Humanities in the country. Lastly, we offer a series of good practices concluded from debates and experiences from the project Philperiodicals, in the hopes that our previous difficulties and discussions may be of use for the development of similar projects in what has been called the Global South.
Stenotrophomonas Bacteremia Antibiotic Susceptibility and Prognostic Determinants: Mayo Clinic 10-Year Experience
Authors: Hamdi Ahmed M , Fida Madiha , Abu Saleh Omar M , Beam Elena 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative, opportunistic infection that is usually hospital-acquired and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The reported increase in S. maltophilia infections is presumed to be due to an increase in the population at risk.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 10-year data for S. maltophilia bacteremia in hospitalized adults at our institution to determine the population at risk, sources of infection, common complications, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and clinical outcome trends over the past decade.

Results
Among the 98 patients analyzed, the most common source of infection was catheter-related (62, 63.3%). Most isolates (61, 65%) were resistant to ceftazidime; fewer were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX; 2, 2.1%) and levofloxacin (22, 23.4%). All-cause in-hospital mortality was 29.6% (29 patients). The highest mortality, 53.8%, was observed in pulmonary sources of bacteremia.

Conclusions
Although TMP-SMX continues to have reliable activity in our cohort, we noted resistance to TMP-SMX in patients with recent TMP-SMX exposure, including a case with developing resistance to TMP-SMX while on therapy.
Minimal Compared With Standard Monitoring During Sofosbuvir-Based Hepatitis C Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Davis J S , Young M , Marshall C , Tate-Baker J , Madison M , Sharma S , Silva C , Jones T , Davies J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Oral direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) became government subsidized in Australia in March 2016, bringing the interferon era to a close. The ideal monitoring schedule for patients receiving DAAs is unclear.

Methods
This study is a randomized controlled trial comparing standard with minimal monitoring in adults receiving sofosbuvir-based therapy for HCV genotypes 1 or 3. Exclusion criteria were cirrhosis or predicted poor adherence. Standard monitoring included blood tests and face-to-face clinic visits at treatment weeks 4 and 12 and 12 weeks after treatment completion. Minimal monitoring included a phone call at weeks 4 and 12 and one set of blood tests plus a clinic visit 12 weeks after treatment completion. The coprimary outcomes were as follows: (1) proportion of participants with sustained virological response; (2) staff time spent on patient support; and (3) patient satisfaction on a 10-point Likert scale.

Results
Thirty-six patients were randomized to standard monitoring and 38 to minimal monitoring. Sustained virological response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment was documented in 32 of 36 (89%) in the standard versus 37 of 38 (97%) in the minimal monitoring group. Staff time was nonsignificantly longer in the standard group (median 69 [interquartile range {IQR}, 54–80] versus 52 [IQR, 40–75] minutes). Patient satisfaction scores were not different (mean 9.8 of 10 standard versus 9.6 of 10 minimal group). There was no difference in adverse events or unplanned hospital visits; mean per-patient blood test costs were higher in the standard monitoring group ($432 versus $123, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
On-treatment monitoring with blood tests and clinic visits may not be necessary during sofosbuvir-based HCV treatment in selected patients.
Optimizing Screening for HIV
Authors: Chaillon Antoine , Hoenigl Martin , Freitas Lorri , Feldman Haruna , Tilghman Winston , Wang Lawrence , Smith Davey , Little Susan , Mehta Sanjay R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The HIV epidemic is unevenly distributed throughout the United States, even within neighborhoods. This study evaluated how effectively current testing approaches reached persons at risk for HIV infection across San Diego (SD) County, California.

Methods
HIV case and testing data, sexually transmitted infection (STI) and socio-demographic data for SD County were collected from the SD Health and Human Services Agency and the ‘Early Test’ community-based HIV screening program between 1998 and 2016. Relationships between HIV diagnoses, HIV prevalence, and STI diagnoses with screening at zip code level were evaluated.

Results
Overall, 379,074 HIV tests were performed. The numbers of HIV tests performed on persons residing in a zip code or region overall strongly correlated with prevalent HIV cases (R2=0.714), new HIV diagnoses (R2=0.798), and STI diagnoses (R2=0.768 [chlamydia],0.836 [gonorrhea], 0.655 [syphilis]) in those regions. Zip codes with the highest HIV prevalence had the highest number of tests per resident and fewest number of tests per diagnosis. Even though most screening tests occurred at fixed venues located in high prevalence areas, screening of residents from lower prevalence areas was mostly proportional to the prevalence of HIV and rates of new HIV and STI diagnoses in those locales.

Conclusion
This study supported the ability of a small number of standalone testing centers to reach at-risk populations dispersed across SD County. These methods can also be used to highlight geographic areas, or demographic segments that may benefit from more intensive screening.
Surrounded
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes Martin Luther King, Jr.’s religious environment. Twenty-one-year-old King characterized his religious environment as a “universe,” a socially constructed world that shaped his identity and outlook on life. The moral and physical center of that universe was the sanctuary of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta where his father presided from the pulpit and the son had been baptized. The sanctuary dictated the boundaries within which African-American Christians, including Martin Luther King, Jr., sorted out the relationship of suffering and hope. Throughout his career, King carried the sanctuary with him as a state of mind and soul; he also repeatedly returned to it like a grateful soldier home from the front.
The art of touch
Authors: Johnson Julian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the way Debussy’s piano music ‘writes’ the body of the pianist, particularly in the late Études, by rewriting the historical body enshrined in pianistic technique and repertoire. Michel Serres’ discussion of Bonnard and Merleau-Ponty on Cézanne are used to explore the idea of art’s presentation of immersive aesthetic experience and of a music that has to do less with representation than a logic of touch and bodily movement. Susan Sontag’s call for an erotics of art (1964) is the starting point for exploring this music as fundamentally erotic (shaped by the body and by desire). The topic of the ‘chevelure’ from Baudelaire to the music of Dutilleux provides a focus for exploring how this repertoire foregrounds itself as an erotic body.
The Surprising Advance of Gun Control Politics after Parkland
Authors: Young Sophia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The 1999 Columbine high school massacre marked the start of an era of recurrent US mass shootings in settings once considered safe. In the aftermath of each horrific event, gun safety advocates tried to persuade state and national politicians to adopt new regulations but with little success—until recently. This chapter compares the political aftereffects of six major mass shootings to illuminate why the 2018 Parkland high school shooting led to more political change in favor of gun regulations than the previous events. Despite an unfavorable partisan climate, the Parkland shooting spurred teenage activists adept with social media tools to take advantage of the political opportunity structure created by prior grassroots resistance organizing. In response, politicians—especially Democrats—have embraced the gun safety cause as never before.