bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and 2‐year outcomes of dabigatran treatment in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: GLORIA‐AF
Authors: Dubner Sergio J. , Teutsch Christine , Huisman Menno V. , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Halperin Jonathan , Rothman Kenneth J. , Ma Chang‐Sheng , Chuquiure‐Valenzuela Eduardo , Bergler‐Klein Jutta , Zint Kristina , Riou França Lionel , Lu Shihai , Paquette Miney , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to describe baseline characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at risk of stroke with and without history of heart failure (HF) and report 2‐year outcomes in the dabigatran‐treated subset of a prospective, global, observational study (GLORIA‐AF).Methods and resultsNewly diagnosed patients with AF and CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥ 1 were consecutively enrolled. Baseline characteristics were assessed by the presence or absence of HF diagnosis at enrolment. Incidence rates for outcomes in dabigatran‐treated patients were estimated with and without standardization by stroke (excluding HF component) and bleeding risk scores. A total of 15 308 eligible patients were enrolled, including 15 154 with known HF status; of these, 3679 (24.0%) had been diagnosed with HF, 11 475 (75.0%) had not. Among 4873 dabigatran‐treated patients, 1169 (24.0%) had HF, and 3658 (75.1%) did not; the risk of stroke was high (CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥ 2) for 94.3% of patients with HF and 85.8% without, while 6.0% and 7.0%, respectively, had a high bleeding risk (HAS‐BLED ≥ 3). Incidence rates of all‐cause death in dabigatran‐treated patients with and without HF, standardized for CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED scores, were 4.76 vs. 1.80 per 100 patient years (py), with roughly comparable rates of stroke (0.82 vs. 0.60 per 100 py) and major bleeding (1.20 vs. 0.92 per 100 py).ConclusionsPatients with AF and history of HF may have greater disease burden at AF diagnosis and increased mortality rates vs. patients without HF. Stroke and major bleeding rates were roughly comparable between groups confirming the long‐term safety and effectiveness of dabigatran in patients with HF.
Differences in directed functional brain connectivity related to age, sex and mental health
Authors: Lund Martina J. , Alnæs Dag , Schwab Simon , van der Meer Dennis , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T. , Kaufmann Tobias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFunctional interconnections between brain regions define the “connectome” which is of central interest for understanding human brain function. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance (rsfMRI) work has revealed changes in static connectivity related to age, sex, cognitive abilities and psychiatric symptoms, yet little is known how these factors may alter the information flow. The commonly used approach infers functional brain connectivity using stationary coefficients yielding static estimates of the undirected connection strength between brain regions. Dynamic graphical models (DGMs) are a multivariate model with dynamic coefficients reflecting directed temporal associations between nodes, and can yield novel insight into directed functional connectivity. Here, we leveraged this approach to test for associations between edge‐wise estimates of direction flow across the functional connectome and age, sex, intellectual abilities and mental health. We applied DGM to investigate patterns of information flow in data from 984 individuals from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and 10,249 individuals from the UK Biobank. Our analysis yielded patterns of directed connectivity in independent HCP and UK Biobank data similar to those previously reported, including that the cerebellum consistently receives information from other networks. We show robust associations between information flow and age and sex for several connections, with strongest effects of age observed in the sensorimotor network. Visual, auditory and sensorimotor nodes were also linked to mental health. Our findings support the use of DGM as a measure of directed connectivity in rsfMRI data and provide new insight into the shaping of the connectome during aging.
Acute Kidney Injury in Decompensated Cirrhosis Is Associated With Both Hypo‐coagulable and Hyper‐coagulable Features
Authors: Zanetto Alberto , Rinder Henry M. , Campello Elena , Saggiorato Graziella , Deng Yanhong , Ciarleglio Maria , Wilson Francis P. , Senzolo Marco , Gavasso Sabrina , Bulato Cristiana , Simioni Paolo , Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe 
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims
Recent evidence suggests that acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main predictor of postparacentesis bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. To assess the factors responsible for bleeding tendency in AKI, we performed a prospective study comparing all three aspects of hemostasis (platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis with and without AKI.

Approach and Results
Primary hemostasis assessment included platelet aggregation and secretion (platelet function markers) and von Willebrand factor. Secondary hemostasis assessment included pro‐coagulant (factor VIII and factor XIII) and anti‐coagulant (protein C, protein S, and antithrombin) factors and thrombin generation. Tertiary hemostasis assessment included fibrinolytic factors and plasmin‐antiplasmin complex. Eighty patients with decompensated cirrhosis were recruited (40 each with and without AKI). Severity of cirrhosis and platelet count were comparable between groups. Median serum creatinine was 1.8 mg/dL and 0.8 mg/dL in patients with and without AKI, respectively. At baseline, patients with cirrhosis and AKI had lower platelet aggregation and secretion, indicative of impaired platelet function (increased bleeding tendency), without differences in von Willebrand factor. Regarding coagulation factors, factor VIII was higher, whereas protein C, protein S, and antithrombin were all lower, which, together with increased thrombin generation, indicate hypercoagulability. In contrast, factor XIII was lower in AKI (increased bleeding tendency). Finally, while both hypofibrinolytic and hyperfibrinolytic changes were present in AKI, a higher plasmin‐antiplasmin complex indicated a hyperfibrinolytic state. After AKI resolution (n = 23 of 40), platelet function and coagulation improved to levels observed in patients with cirrhosis patients without AKI; however, fibrinolysis remained hyperactivated.

Conclusions
In patients with decompensated cirrhosis, AKI is associated with both hypocoagulable and hypercoagulable features that can potentially increase the risk of both bleeding and thrombosis.
Effect of adiabatic length on the performance of closed‐loop thermosyphon system
Authors: Birajdar Mahasidha R. , Sewatkar Chandrasekhar M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the effect of different adiabatic lengths on the thermal performance of loop thermosyphon with different filling ratios (FRs) and heat inputs. The carbon steel thermosyphon loop for three different adiabatic lengths is used in this analysis. The loop with plate‐type, forced air‐cooled condenser, along with two vertical inline evaporators, is filled and tested with distilled water. The transient and steady‐state analyses are carried out to understand the thermal behavior of the loop. The thermal resistance is found to be lowest at 800‐mm adiabatic length and 60% FR. The geyser boiling phenomenon is also noticed in the present thermosyphon loop. The period of oscillation and temperature fluctuations in the evaporator and condenser increase with the adiabatic length. The geyser boiling phenomenon may disappear at a very small adiabatic length of the loop thermosyphon with forced air‐cooled condenser. This paper proposes a mathematical model for the loop thermosyphon in terms of the Nusselt number, the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number, and the adiabatic length‐to‐diameter ratio, and the comparative study shows that proposed model validates the experimental results. Also, it is found that the adiabatic length‐to‐diameter ratio inversely varies with the Nusselt number.
MHD nanofluid flow with variable physical parameters via thermal radiation: A numerical study
Authors: Govindaraj N. , Singh A. K. , Shukla Pankaj 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective: The objective of the current study is to deal with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanoliquid flow over moving vertical plate with variable Prandtl numbers and viscosities. This analysis also includes the influence of thermal radiation. Quite significant variation in viscosity and Prandtl number in high‐range temperature is observed. Thus, Prandtl number and viscosity are surmised to vary as an inversely proportional linear function of temperature.Problem definition: The MHD nanoliquid flow is considered along with the semi‐infinite plate with the velocity Uw toward the x‐direction, which is also the direction for free‐stream velocity . The geometrical sketch of the physical problem with the coordinate system is shown in Figure 1. The coordinate system has two coordinate axes: the ‐coordinate (x) and ‐coordinate (y). They are perpendicular to each other. The mathematical modeling of physical problem has been formulated by incorporating viscous terms into the governing equation related to thermal radiation, buoyant force, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and magnetic parameter.Methodology: The mathematical modeling of current physical problem consists of highly nonlinear partial differential equations which have been solved numerically using quasilinearization technique along with finite difference method. The present outcome during numerical simulation is outlined in terms of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles and they are analyzed with suitable physical reasons.Main results: The impact of various parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles has been discussed with physical explanation. Velocity profile of the fluid enhances and concentration reduces with escalating buoyancy parameter . In particular, 13% increment in velocity profile is observed as increases by 0.9 scale [], whereas 17% reduction in concentration profiles is noticed as increases by 0.5 scale [] at other fixed parameters. It is observed that magnetic parameter increases the temperature and concentration profiles , whereas it works as deduction parameter for velocity profile . The increasing value of thermophoresis and Lewis number works as catalyst for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. As thermophoresis increases from 0.5 to 2.0, temperature profile approximately increases 65% at other fixed parameters. As Lewis number increases from 0.5 to 4.0, then the temperature increases approximately 75% at other fixed parameters.
Cortical Bone Porosity in Rabbit Models of Osteoporosis
Authors: Harrison Kim D , Hiebert Beverly D , Panahifar Arash , Andronowski Janna M , Ashique Amir M , King Gavin A , Arnason Terra , Swekla Kurtis J , Pivonka Peter , Cooper David ML 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Cortical bone porosity is intimately linked with remodeling, is of growing clinical interest, and is increasingly accessible by imaging. Thus, the potential of animal models of osteoporosis (OP) to provide a platform for studying how porosity develops and responds to interventions is tremendous. To date, rabbit models of OP have largely focused on trabecular microarchitecture or bone density; some such as ovariectomy (OVX) have uncertain efficacy and cortical porosity has not been extensively reported. Our primary objective was to characterize tibial cortical porosity in rabbit-based models of OP, including OVX, glucocorticoids (GC), and OVX + GC relative to controls (SHAM). We sought to: (i) test the hypothesis that intracortical remodeling is elevated in these models; (ii) contrast cortical remodeling and porosity in these models with that induced by parathyroid hormone (1–34; PTH); and (iii) contrast trabecular morphology in the proximal tibia across all groups. Evidence that an increase in cortical porosity occurred in all groups was observed, although this was the least robust for GC. Histomorphometric measures supported the hypothesis that remodeling rate was elevated in all groups and also revealed evidence of uncoupling of bone resorption and formation in the GC and OVX + GC groups. For trabecular bone, a pattern of loss was observed for OVX, GC, and OVX + GC groups, whereas the opposite was observed for PTH. Change in trabecular number best explained these patterns. Taken together, the findings indicated rabbit models provide a viable and varied platform for the study of OP and associated changes in cortical remodeling and porosity. Intriguingly, the evidence revealed differing effects on the cortical and trabecular envelopes for the PTH model. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
Increasing summer precipitation in arid Central Asia linked to the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon in the recent decades
Authors: Chen Chunzhu , Zhang Xiaojian , Lu Huayu , Jin Liya , Du Yan , Chen Fahu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is generally believed that water vapour from the North Atlantic transported by the mid‐latitude westerlies dominates precipitation variations in arid Central Asia, where monsoonal water vapour source is beyond the reach. This study reexamines water vapour sources for arid Central Asia based on daily reanalysis data. The results reveal two water vapour sources for arid Central Asia: the westerly water vapour transport from the North Atlantic and the monsoonal water vapour transport from the tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea. The monsoonal transport includes two pathways: lower tropospheric water vapour along the eastern and northern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau from the tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea, and middle‐upper tropospheric water vapour via the Tibetan Plateau from the tropical Indian Ocean. Precipitation variability during the monsoonal transport events explains 81% of the total variance. The monsoonal transport is related to a weakened East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) that is accompanied by persistent westward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high and increasing frequency of Mongolian anticyclone activities. The EASM has experienced a persistent weakening trend since 1958, causing an increasing contribution of the monsoonal water vapour transport and thereby enhancing summer precipitation in arid Central Asia. In particular, the monsoonal easterly water vapour has become the dominant source for arid Central Asia in the lower troposphere during the last decade. This study highlights the important role of the EASM in the wetting trend of summers in arid Central Asia during the past six decades.
Effects of tropical North Atlantic sea surface temperature on intense tropical cyclones landfalling in China
Authors: Gao Si , Chen Zhifan , Zhang Wei , Shen Xinyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study identifies a significant positive association between tropical North Atlantic (TNA) sea surface temperature (SST) during preceding spring and the frequency of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) making landfall over mainland China during autumn on interannual time scales. Observational analyses show that a warm SST anomaly in TNA during spring can induce a warm SST anomaly in the western part of the western North Pacific (WNP) in subsequent autumn, through a chain of air‐sea coupled processes such as Rossby‐wave response, wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback, and westward advection of warm surface water. The physical mechanisms are verified using a suite of coupled numerical experiments performed by the state‐of‐the‐art Community Earth System Model. The warm SST anomaly in the western part of WNP is responsible for the genesis and intensification of intense TCs in situ, and the climatologically mean southeasterly steering flow is favourable for the intense TCs to make landfall over mainland China.
Recent observed country‐wide climate trends in Morocco
Authors: Driouech Fatima , Stafi Hafid , Khouakhi Abdou , Moutia Sara , Badi Wafae , ElRhaz Khalid , Chehbouni Abdelghani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we evaluate trends in precipitation and temperature and their related extreme indices in Morocco based on a set of National Climate Monitoring Products defined the by the commission for climatology of the WMO. We use daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature data from 30 meteorological stations distributed throughout the country and covering the period from 1960 to 2016. Statistically significant increasing trends in warm temperature events and a tendency towards decreasing cold extremes at both daytime and night are depicted across the country consistent with the generalized observed global warming. We found that the daily temperature in Morocco has risen with higher rates than the global scale. The depicted trend of 0.33°C per decade corresponds to a warming of approximately 1.1°C for the period 1984–2016. The annual mean precipitation and the standardized drought index show less spatially consistent tendencies despite the predominance of negative trends. Considering the effect of the warming in the analysis of drought evolution using the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index, we detected statistically significant trends towards dryer conditions in different regions of the northern half of the country. Analysis of the relationship between precipitation in Morocco and the large‐scale atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic area confirmed the effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation, especially for the winter season (with low influence at the annual scale). Moreover, we found that the NAO exerts significant influence on winter extreme temperatures during night time. However, such correlations alone may not explain the depicted significant generalized warming trends and the drying evolution.
Post‐mortem quality changes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during chilled storage from two culture systems
Authors: Hao Ruoyi , Pan Jinfeng , Tilami Sarvenaz Khalili , Shah Bakht Ramin , Mráz Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOmega‐3 common carp (OCC) raised by patented culture systems have higher level of n‐3 fatty acids and n‐3/n‐6 ratio than normal common carps (NCCs) from traditional culture system. Whether the patented farming system and modified fatty acid profile will influence OCC storage stability is unclear. This study aimed to expose the differences of post‐mortem quality changes between NCC and OCC.RESULTSNCC and OCC have similar rigor mortis patterns, only a higher level of lactic acid was observed in NCC after 96 h. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) related compounds had no major differences, but slightly higher inosine monophosphate in OCC was found at 36 h. The K‐value, Ki‐value and Hx‐index demonstrated high cohesiveness (Pearsons two‐tailed, r = 0.968–0.984, P < 0.05) during storage, with statistically comparable (P > 0.05) temporal progress of change in NCC and OCC. The indices were lower in OCC than in NCC. Attenuation of myosin heavy chain in OCC was not as distinct as in NCC, coincided with its higher salt‐soluble protein level at 144 h. Before 96 h, thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), total viable count (TVC), cooking loss (CL), drip loss (DL), and hardness in NCC and OCC were similar. However, at 144 h, higher TBA, TVC, CL and DL while lower hardness in NCC than in OCC were observed. Principle component analysis showed good separation of NCC and OCC in biplot at 0 and 144 h.CONCLUSIONPatented culture system has a slightly positive influence on post‐mortem quality of common carp. It can be used for producing OCC without compromising storage stability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of press and solvent extraction oils from new sunflower seeds with modified phytosterol compositions
Authors: García‐González Aída , Velasco Joaquín , Velasco Leonardo , Ruiz‐Méndez M Victoria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytosterols are plant components with health benefits. Oleaginous seed hybridization can be relevant to increase phytosterols in diet through enriched oils. Sunflower oils obtained by press (PO) and subsequent solvent extraction (SO) from three types of phytosterol‐enriched seeds were characterized. One presented a phytosterol composition of common sunflower seeds, whereas the other two were rich in campesterol and Δ7‐stigmasterol, respectively. Seeds from two different harvests, 2015 and 2017, were studied.RESULTSThe type of extraction did not have a significant influence on the fatty acid composition. However, considerable differences were found between harvests. The oleic‐to‐linoleic ratio decreased from 0.71 in 2015 to 0.47 in 2017. The phytosterol compositions of the PO were similar to their SO homologues and no substantial differences were found between harvests. However, the SO presented higher total contents of phytosterols (4849–9249 mg kg−1) than the PO (2839–5284 mg kg−1) and the oils of 2017 showed higher levels (4476–9249 mg kg−1) compared to 2015 (2839–5754 mg kg−1). Unlike phytosterols, no significant differences were found in the tocopherol contents between the PO and SO or between harvests. The PO met Codex specifications for edible oils, except for trace metals, with concentrations close or above the limits for Cu, Fe, Pb and As.CONCLUSIONSDifferences in environmental and/or cultivation conditions between harvests may result in substantial differences in the fatty acid composition and phytosterol content in oils from the new sunflower seeds. Rigorous measures and controls to avoid trace metal contamination are required so that the PO can be considered as edible virgin oils. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical composition, ruminal degradation kinetics, and methane production (in vitro) of winter grass species
Authors: Khan Nazir Ahmad , Sulaiman Syed Muhammad , Hashmi Majid S , Rahman Sadeeq Ur , Cone John W 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDInformation about the nutritive value, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and methane (CH4) emission potential of grass species is required for their optimal utilization in ruminant rations. The present study was designed: (i) to quantify the nutrient profile, mineral composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of winter grass species commonly available in northern Pakistan; and (ii) to measure the in vitro gas production (IVGP) and CH4 emission of the grass species during 72 h in vitro ruminal fermentation. Seven grass species, namely, Cenchrus ciliaris, Setaria anceps, Panicum antidotale, P. maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum orientale, and Atriplex lentiformis were assessed.RESULTSA high level of variability (P < 0.001) was observed among grass species for the content of all measured nutrients, IVDMD, IVGP, and CH4‐production. Notably, the content (g kg−1 DM) of crude protein varied from 59.8 to 143.3, neutral detergent fiber from 560.3 to 717.9, IVDMD from 375.1 to 576.2, and 72 h cumulative IVGP from 97.6 to 227.4 mL g−1 organic matter (OM) and CH4 from 48 to 67 mL g−1 OM. Among the grasses, P. antidotale had greater content (g kg−1 DM) of crude protein (CP) (143.3), IVDMD (576.2), and 72 h cumulative IVGP (227.4 mL g−1 OM), and produced the smallest amount of total CH4 (48 mL g−1 OM) during 72 h fermentation. In contrast, A. lentiformis had the lowest content (g kg−1 DM) of CP (59.8), IVDMD (375.1), 72 h cumulative IVGP (97.6 mL g−1 OM), and produced a greater amount of total CH4 (67 mL g−1 OM) during 72 h fermentation.CONCLUSIONThe findings of the current study highlight that it is possible to select and further develop grass species with high nutritional value and lower CH4‐production, which can improve livestock productivity, farm profitability, and long‐term environment sustainability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry