bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of personality functioning in drug misuse treatment engagement
Authors: Papamalis Fivos E. , Kalyva Efrosini , Teare M. Dawn , Meier Petra S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and aimPersonality functioning is predictive of drug misuse and relapse, yet little is known about the role of personality in engagement with the treatment process. This study aimed to estimate the extent to which broad‐ and facet‐level characteristic adaptations contribute to or hinder treatment engagement, while controlling for psychosocial indicators.DesignMulti‐site cross‐sectional survey.SettingIn‐patient treatment units covering 80% of residential treatment entries in Greece.ParticipantsA total of 338 service users, 287 (84.9%) male, 51 (15.1%) female, average age 33.4 years.MeasurementsExpressions of personality functioning (characteristic adaptations) were assessed using the Severity Indices of Personality Problems (SIPP‐118). Treatment engagement was measured using the Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment, in‐patient version (CEST).FindingsDysfunctional levels of relational capacities predicted counselling rapport [β = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.326–2.69, P = 0.013], treatment participation (β = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.15–3.11, P < 0.001) and treatment satisfaction (β = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.735–2.57, P < 0.001). Counselling rapport was also predicted by dysfunctional levels in self‐control (β = 1.78, 95% CI = 0.899–2.67, P < 0.001), self‐reflective functioning at the facet‐level (β = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.01–3.46, P < 0.001) and aggression regulation (β = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.438–2.42, P = 0.005). Dysfunctional levels on social concordance (β = −1.90, 95% CI = −2.87 to –0.941, P = 0.001), emotional regulation (β = 1.90, 95% CI = 0.87–2.92, P < 0.001) and intimacy (β = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.31–3.05, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of treatment participation. Treatment readiness and desire for help predicted treatment engagement.ConclusionsIn people attending substance use treatment services, maladaptive interpersonal patterns and relational intimacy, emotional dysregulation and impulse control may be associated with low levels of counselling rapport and treatment participation. Low frustration tolerance and aggressive impulses also appeared to predict low participation.
Diagnostic and prognostic role of electrocardiogram in acute myocarditis: A comprehensive review
Authors: Buttà Carmelo , Zappia Luca , Laterra Giulia , Roberto Marco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute myocarditis represents a challenging diagnosis as there is no pathognomonic clinical presentation. In patients with myocarditis, electrocardiogram (ECG) can display a variety of non‐specific abnormalities. Nevertheless, ECG is widely used as an initial screening tool for myocarditis.MethodsWe researched all possible ECG alterations during acute myocarditis evaluating prevalence, physiopathology, correlation with clinical presentation patterns, role in differential diagnosis, and prognostic yield.ResultsThe most common ECG abnormality in myocarditis is sinus tachycardia associated with nonspecific ST/T‐wave changes. The presence of PR segment depression both in precordial and limb leads, a PR segment depression in leads with ST segment elevation, a PR segment elevation in aVR lead or a ST elevation with pericarditis pattern favor generally diagnosis of perimyocarditis rather than myocardial infarction. In patients with acute myocarditis, features associated with a poorer prognosis are: pathological Q wave, wide QRS complex, QRS/T angle ≥ 100°, prolonged QT interval, high‐degree atrioventricular block and malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmia. On the contrary, ST elevation with a typical early repolarization pattern is associated with a better prognosis.ConclusionsECG alterations in acute myocarditis could be very useful in clinical practice for a patient‐tailored approach in order to decide appropriate therapy, length of hospitalization, and frequency of followup.
Comparative analysis of ensiling characteristics and protein degradation of alfalfa silage prepared with corn or sweet sorghum in semiarid region of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Tao Ya , Sun Qizhong , Li Feng , Xu Chuncheng , Cai Yimin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate silage fermentation and protein degradation of alfalfa prepared with corn or sweet sorghum (SS) at different mixing ratios. The chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and protein degradation of alfalfa prepared with and without corn or SS at mixing ratios of 7:3, 1:1, and 3:7 on a fresh matter (FM) basis were studied. The alfalfa had the highest crude protein (CP) content and lactate buffering capacity (LBC), but lower water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content than corn and SS. After 60 days of ensiling, the corn and SS silages had good quality, with lower pH and ammonia‐N content, and higher dry matter (DM) content than the alfalfa silages. In the alfalfa and corn mixture silages, the DM contents linearly increased with an increase in the proportion of corn, while the pH, non‐protein N (NPN), ammonia‐N, and peptide‐N contents linearly decreased. In the alfalfa and SS mixture silages, the DM and NPN contents linearly increased with an increase in the proportion of SS, while the pH, lactic acid, and ammonia‐N contents linearly decreased. This study suggests that alfalfa silage prepared with corn has more positive effect on fermentation quality and inhibiting protein degradation than addition of SS.
Health Effects of Risky Lifestyles and Adverse Working Conditions: Are Older Individuals More Penalized?
Authors: Cottini Elena , Ghinetti Paolo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing unusually rich panel data from Denmark, we investigate differences by age in the health implications of risky lifestyles and adverse working conditions. Accounting for time‐invariant unobserved heterogeneity, overall, we find no health penalties for older workers (55 and over) compared to younger ones (18–34; 35–54). However, the former suffer more from the health consequences of risky lifestyles — especially the lack of consumption of fruit and vegetables and physical inactivity. Working conditions negatively relate with health, but fewer differences across age groups exist. Selection bias, namely the healthy worker effect, does not alter our results.
Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter‐1 expression is a predictor in patients with resected pancreatic cancer treated with adjuvant S‐1 chemotherapy
Authors: Okamura Yukiyasu , Yasukawa Satoru , Narimatsu Hiroto , Boku Narikazu , Fukutomi Akira , Konishi Masaru , Morinaga Soichiro , Toyama Hirochika , Kaneoka Yuji , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Nakamori Shoji , Sata Naohiro , Yamakita Keisuke , Takahashi Amane , Kainuma Osamu , Hishinuma Shoichi , Yamaguchi Ryuzo , Nagino Masato , Hirano Satoshi , Yanagisawa Akio , Mori Keita , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe high expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter‐1 (hENT1) and the low expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are reported to predict a favorable prognosis in patients treated with gemcitabine (GEM) and 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) as the adjuvant setting, respectively. The expression of hENT1 and DPD were analyzed in patients registered in the JASPAC 01 trial, which showed a better survival of S‐1 over GEM as adjuvant chemotherapy after resection for pancreatic cancer, and their possible roles for predicting treatment outcomes and selecting a chemotherapeutic agent were investigated. Intensity of hENT1 and DPD expression was categorized into no, weak, moderate or strong by immunohistochemistry staining, and the patients were classified into high (strong/moderate) and low (no/weak) groups. Specimens were available for 326 of 377 (86.5%) patients. High expression of hENT1 and DPD was detected in 100 (30.7%) and 63 (19.3%) of 326 patients, respectively. In the S‐1 arm, the median overall survival (OS) with low hENT1, 58.0 months, was significantly better than that with high hENT1, 30.9 months (hazard ratio 1.75, P = 0.007). In contrast, there were no significant differences in OS between DPD low and high groups in the S‐1 arm and neither the expression levels of hENT1 nor DPD revealed a relationship with treatment outcomes in the GEM arm. The present study did not show that the DPD and hENT1 are useful biomarkers for choosing S‐1 or GEM as adjuvant chemotherapy. However, hENT1 expression is a significant prognostic factor for survival in the S‐1 arm.
Health‐related quality of life, pain, and fatigue in young adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Jacobson Dan N O , Löwing Kristina , Tedroff Kristina 
Published: November 2019

AimTo describe health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), pain, fatigue, and other health variables in young adults with cerebral palsy (CP), and to explore associations with the Gross Motor Function Classification System – Expanded and Revised (GMFCS‐ER) and physical activity.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study of 61 young adults at a mean age of 21 years 2 months (standard deviation 8mo, range 20–22y) with CP, from a geographically defined area. Data collection included: Short Form 36 version 2 for HRQoL, Brief Pain Inventory – Short Form, Fatigue Severity Scale, level of physical activity, medical history, and physical examination.ResultsOverall HRQoL equalled that of population norms; however self‐reported physical health was lower in GMFCS‐ER levels III to V compared to GMFCS‐ER levels I to II. Self‐reported mental health was, inversely, lower in GMFCS‐ER levels I to II compared to GMFCS‐ER levels III to V. Pain prevalence was 49%, and pain was present across all GMFCS‐ER levels. Fatigue, as well as sleep problems, had 41% prevalence, with fatigue severity decreasing with increasing level of physical activity.InterpretationGeneral HRQoL in young adults with CP was comparable to population norms. Pain and fatigue are important to address in high motor‐functioning individuals also. Physical activity could be a possible protective factor against fatigue.What this paper adds

Health‐related quality of life in young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) was comparable to population norms.

Pain, fatigue, and sleep problems occurred at all Gross Motor Function Classification System levels.

There is a possible protective effect of physical activity on fatigue.
No‐tillage combined with residue retention and plastic mulching improves maize yields in a cold semiarid region of northern China
Authors: Yin Tao , Yan Changrong , Liu Qi , He Wenqing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractManagement strategies are needed to solve the problem of low soil temperatures under no‐tillage combined with residue retention, which can reduce crop yields in cold semiarid regions. Plastic mulching has been proposed as a solution. A 4‐year field study was conducted to investigate the effects of no‐tillage combined with residue retention and plastic mulching (NTRP), compared with no‐tillage with residue retention (NTR) and conventional tillage (CT) on soil moisture content, soil temperature, water use efficiency (WUE) and maize yield at a cold semiarid site in northern China. Compared with CT, NTR significantly increased soil moisture content by 11.5% in the 0–1.8‐m soil profile (p < .05) but decreased soil temperature by 0.5 °C at the depths of 5–25 cm (p < .05). The maize yield was not significantly different between NTR and CT but was lower under NTR in 2013 and 2015. Compared with NTR, NTRP significantly increased soil temperature by 1.9 °C at the depths of 5–25 cm (p < .05) by changing the spatiotemporal distribution of hydrothermal properties, and ultimately significantly increased maize yields and WUE (p < .05). Although NTRP decreased the soil moisture between 0.4 and 1.2 m of the soil profile, there was no significant difference between NTRP and CT over the entire 0–1.8‐m soil profile. Our results suggest that NTRP reduces the limitations of NTR on soil temperature and thus improves maize grain yield in cold semiarid regions of northern China. Therefore, using plastic mulch to balance and optimize soil moisture and temperature under agricultural practice maybe a wise choice for maintaining and increasing maize productivity in cold semiarid regions.Highlights
No‐tillage combined with residue retention and plastic mulching (NTRP) reduces the limitation of no‐tillage with residue retention (NTR) on soil temperature.
NTRP maintains the beneficial effects of NTR on soil water conservation.
NTRP increased crop yield and water use efficiency.
The functions of multiple visual signals in a fiddler crab
Authors: Perez Daniela M. , Backwell Patricia R. Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn many species, it is common for animals to have multiple signals within one channel of communication. Multiple signals may, however, be inefficient if they are redundant in nature. Identifying the functional significance of these multiple signals is therefore important if we are to understand the evolution of such elaborated behaviours. We proposed to identify the roles of movement‐based multiple signals in a model animal system. Male fiddler crabs wave their sexually dimorphic enlarged claw during social interactions. Some species present multiple signals, where the level of complexity of the movement changes. Males of Austruca mjoebergi can perform a double wave consisting of a high‐ followed by a low‐elevation lifting of the claw, or a single wave consisting of the high‐elevation movement alone. We first investigated structural differences between the double and single wave types, and found that single waves were lower in elevation than double waves. We then explored the adaptive meaning of the wave types by manipulating the social context in which males wave. We found that double waves were given in all contexts and in higher proportions at long distances, suggesting a function of broadcasting male location. Single waves, on the other hand, were mainly given at close range and in the presence of conspecifics, suggesting intraspecific communication. Female presence elicited the highest number and proportion of single waves, a likely result of a female preference for higher wave rates. Finally, we point out that there is an element of interaction between wave types that deserves future attention. This paper is an important contribution to expand our understanding of the adaptive meaning of multiple visual signals and help reach a unified theory of their evolution.
Clinician responses to management control: Case evidence from a university hospital during the fiscal crisis
Authors: Carr Michelle , Beck Matthias P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIreland experienced a major fiscal crisis from 2008 to 2013. This paper explores clinician responses to crisis‐related control initiatives at one of Ireland's largest university hospitals. Using qualitative research methods within an interpretative framework, our study suggests that some clinicians responded with antipathy, whereas others attempted to engage with managerial demands. Using notions of organizational and occupational professionalism, we link the observed heterogeneity of these responses to factors such as the perceived usefulness of control information, the clinician management relationship, and the clinicians’ specialism. Our analysis supports a nuanced interpretation of clinician behavior where their position along a continuum from resistance to collaboration is affected by group characteristics and beliefs as well as the way control information is collated and disseminated. These findings have implications for the implementation of control measures in various contexts.
Term structure determinants of time‐varying risk of 1‐year bond returns
Authors: Khanapure Revansiddha Basavaraj 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTerm structure drivers of 1‐year bond premia and conditional bond return risk are distinct. Consequently, the Cochrane–Piazzesi factor captures aggregate price of risk and not the amount of risk in 1‐year bond returns. One linear combination of forward rates captures most of the variation in bond return risk across maturities. Interest rate level captures substantial amount of variation in the conditional return risk, a finding consistent with rising inflation uncertainty with level of inflation and interest rates. The 4‐5 yield spread, an important positive predictor of bond return premia, has an opposing but limited impact on the conditional volatility.
SHP656, a polysialylated recombinant factor VIII (PSA‐rFVIII): First‐in‐human study evaluating safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in patients with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Tiede Andreas , Allen Geoffrey , Bauer Alexander , Chowdary Pratima , Collins Peter , Goldstein Brahm , Jiang Hongyu Jeanne , Kӧck Kathleen , Takács István , Timofeeva Margarita , Wolfsegger Martin , Srivastava Shouryadeep 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionSHP656 is the first factor VIII (FVIII) product developed using polysialylation (PSA) technology, in which full‐length recombinant (r) FVIII (anti‐haemophilic factor [recombinant]) is conjugated with a 20 kDa PSA polymer.AimTo compare the safety, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics of SHP656 vs the parent rFVIII (octocog alfa) after single infusions of 25‐75 IU/kg in patients with severe haemophilia A (FVIII activity <1%).MethodsMultinational, phase 1, prospective, open‐label, two‐period, fixed‐sequence, dose‐escalation trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02716194). Patients received single doses of rFVIII and then SHP656 sequentially at the same dose: 25 ± 3 IU/kg (Cohort 1), 50 ± 5 IU/kg (Cohort 2) and 75 ± 5 IU/kg (Cohort 3).ResultsForty patients received rFVIII: 11 in Cohort 1, 16 in Cohort 2 and 13 in Cohort 3. Two patients withdrew before receiving SHP656, leaving 38 patients who completed the study and received both treatments. No treatment‐related adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, deaths, study withdrawals, thrombotic events or allergic reactions were reported; and no significant treatment‐related changes in laboratory parameters or vital signs. No patients developed FVIII inhibitors or antibodies to PSA. FVIII activity was significantly prolonged following SHP656 administration vs rFVIII with an approximately 1.5‐fold extension in mean residence time (P < .05). Exposure increased proportional to the SHP656 dose over the 25‐75 IU/kg dose range.ConclusionPolysialylation of rFVIII confers a half‐life extension similar to that of approved extended half‐life products that use either PEGylation or Fc fusion technology and was not associated with any treatment‐related adverse events.
Illness perceptions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tang Jiao , Gao Lingling 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate illness perceptions and their predictors among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA descriptive, correlational, and exploratory design was used. The Chinese version of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire was modified and used to collect data between September 2016 and February 2017.ResultsOn average, patients recognized fewer than five of the 14 common symptoms of type 2 diabetes. Of the six causal factors, “dietary behaviours” had the highest mean score, while “psychological factors” had the lowest score. Most patients lacked understanding of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They perceived it as a chronic and stable illness, without negative affective response, and controllable by themselves and through treatment. Gender, age, marital status, educational level, family income, employment status, diabetes duration, diabetes‐related complications, comorbid conditions, number of hospital admissions, and the level of haemoglobin A1c were predictors of illness perceptions.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that the illness perceptions of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes should be improved. This evidence may enrich the theoretical understanding of illness perceptions and be used to develop interventions for enhancing illness perceptions in such patients.
Understanding immune–microbiota interactions in the intestine
Authors: Ahern Philip P. , Maloy Kevin J. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe past two decades have seen an explosion in research that aims to understand how the dynamic interplay with the gut microbiota impacts host health and disease, establishing a role for the gut microbiota in a plethora of pathologies. Understanding how health‐promoting microbiota are established and how beneficial host–microbiota interactions are maintained is of immense biomedical importance. Despite the enormous progress that has been made, our knowledge of the specific microbiota members that mediate these effects and the mechanisms underlying these interactions is rudimentary. The dearth of information regarding the nature of advantageous host–microbiota interactions, and the factors that cause these relationships to go awry, has hampered our ability to realize the therapeutic potential of the microbiota. Here we discuss key issues that limit current knowledge and describe a path forwards to improving our understanding of the contributions of the microbiota to host health.
The effect of different biochars on the growth and water use efficiency of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecumL.)
Authors: Bitarafan Zahra , Liu Fulai , Andreasen Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn two identical pot trials, we investigated the effect of different biochars on the growth and water use efficiency (WUE) of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecumL.) grown with and without water stress. Plants were grown in pots with and without biochar. Rice husk (RH), standard rice husk (SRH), standard wheat straw (SWS) or standard oilseed rape straw (SOS) biochars were added at a rate of 2% by weight. Irrigation was reduced from 80% of field capacity to 40% in half of the pots to create water stress when 50% of the plants flowered. No significant interaction was observed between irrigation and biochar treatments. Water stress resulted in smaller plants (11.5%), fewer pods (16.1%) and reduced 100‐seed weight (12.6%), seed yield (20.1%) and plant dry weight (55.0%). All standard biochars increased plant dry weight in a range of 18%−25% compared with the controls. There was no significant effect of biochar on the number of pods and seed weight. Only RH, SWS and SOS biochar increased the number of seeds pod−1by 9.0%−14.5% compared with the controls regardless of water stress. RH and SOS biochars increased seed yield by 16.7 and 21.6%, respectively. RH, SWS and SOS biochar increased the WUE by 17.3%, 10.1% and 16.2% regardless of water stress, respectively. Based on the experiment, we recommend farmers to add biochar whatever type they have available. However, RH and SOS seem to be better than the others are, as they seem to be able to increase seed yield and WUE considerably.