bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status of children with CNS diseases
Authors: Flak-Wancerz Anna , Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk Urszula 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Children with neurological disorders are frequently subject to malnutrition, stunted growth or underweight. These are accompanied with oral cavity motility disorders, swallowing disorders and gastroesophageal reflux. Frequently, there is growing insufficiency of the body mass caused by the loss of adipose tissue, decreasing BMI and muscular atrophy, which leads to increased risk of complications and deaths due to nutrition disorders The aim of this research was to examine the state of nutrition of children with central nervous system damage, depending on age, a neurological disorder and the degree of dysphagia. Materials and methods The research encompassed 74 children diagnosed with damage of the central nervous system and sent to the Pediatric Clinic of the Silesian University in Katowice. The children were between 2 and 16 years old and they were subject to the examination from August 2012 to November 2014. The research made use of the prospective method with the help of medical examination, documentation analysis, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests of patients divided into groups depending on their age, a neurological disorder and the degree of dysphagia. Results Using cut-off values of BMI for the population of children according to the WHO reference grids, 62.16% of children showed significant underweight, and 4.06% of children were affected by overweight or obesity. Having analysed the anthropometric measurements, it was possible to prove the connection between BMI, the thickness of the skin fold over the three-headed and the two-headed muscle and the degree of dysphagia and a neurological disorder. On the other hand, there was no connection to the patients’ age. Conclusions Children with cerebral palsy and encephalopathy are more frequently affected by malnutrition than with other causes of central nervous system damage. Children with a higher degree of dysphagia are more frequently affected by underweight and insufficient growth. The patients' age does not influence malnutrition in a substantial way. Keywords: malnutrition, neurological disorders, status of nutrition
PCR-positivity of gerbils and their ectoparasites for Leishmania spp. in a hyperendemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Iran
Authors: Azarmi Sahar , Zahraei-Ramazani Alireza , Mohebali Mehdi , Rassi Yavar , Akhavan Amir Ahmad , Azarm Amrollah , Elikaee Samira , Mohtasebi Sina , Abdoli Rahimeh , Mahmoudi Mohsen , Mosawi Sayed Hussain 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Sand flies are the only known vectors of Leishmania parasites. Various arthropods, including ticks have been suggested as secondary vectors of Leishmania spp. many years ago. This study was conducted to determine PCR-positivity of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis reservoir hosts and their ectoparasites for Leishmania spp. in central Iran. Methods: Microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) were used to detect and identify species of Leishmania and the results were confirmed by two methods, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing. Results: Totally, 93 rodents (Rhomombis opimus (n=92) and Nesokia indica (n=1)) were captured during different seasons and 9 different species of ectoparasites were collected from them. Out of 92 collected R. opimus, 14 were positive for Leishmania spp. by microscopic examination while one N. indica and 77 R. opimus were positive by nested-PCR. The infection rate of rodents with Leishmania major and Leishmania turanica was 39.79% and 15.05%, respectively. Mixed natural infections with L. major and L. turanica were seen in 15.05% of rodents, in 7.53% of the rodents with L. major and Leishmania gerbilli, and in 6.45% of the rodents with the three species. The leishmanial infection rate of the rodents was the highest (94.29%) in summer and lowest (45.45%) in the winter. Moreover, 39 out of 54 fleas, 5 out of 8 mites, and 1 tick were PCR positive for Leishmania parasites. Conclusions: The highest rate of infection with L. major and L. turanica in R. opimus populations was observed in the summer and spring respectively, and the highest percentage of L. major and L. turanica coinfection was seen in the winter. It is suggested that the role of L. turanica and the probable role of ectoparasites in the transmission of epidemiology should be investigated carefully. Xenodiagnostic testing is recommended for future testing.
Assessment Of Breast Self- Examination And Associated Factors Among Women Age 20-64 Years At Arba Minch Zuria District, Gamo Zone Snnpr Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Mereta Birknesh , Shegaze Mulugeta , Mekonnen Bitew , Desalegn Nathan , Getie Asmare , Abdilwohab Mustefa Glagn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Breast self-examination is simple, low cost and non-invasive method of noticing breast cancer by the women themselves for looking at and feeling for any change in their breast. Studies have shown that in Ethiopia the practice of breast self-examination is poor. So, the aim of this study is to address breast self-examination practice and associated factors among women aged 20-64 years at Arba Minch Zuria district, Gamo Zone southern Ethiopia. Methods community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 women aged 20-64 years at Arbaminch Zuria district using multi-stage sampling technique to select the study participants. Structured, pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered in to EPI INFO version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between independent and outcome variables. Adjusted odd ratio with 95% confidence interval and P-value of <0.05 was considered to declare a result as statistically significant. Result A total of 634 study participants were involved, making a response rate of 100%. From the total study participants only 21.3% had ever practice breast self-examination. There were a negative association between women age 40-49(AOR: 2.95; 95%CI: 1.23, 7.06), and women who attended elementary level of education (AOR 0.33; 95% CI 0.14, 0.60). While women having good knowledge (AOR 0.58; 95% CI0.30, 0.92), and having good perceived benefit (AOR 2.22; 95% CI 1.85, 34.1) were the factors who were significantly positively associated with breast self-examination practice. Conclusion Breast Self-Examination Practice among the study participants was low. Educational status, age, knowledge and perceived benefits towards breast -self-examination were associated with breast self- examination practice. Therefore, much more Efforts should be taken by stakeholders in different hierarchies to promote women’s education, promoting and advocating breast self-examination practice.
The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and liver enzymes in healthy adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wang Ji-nian , Li Li , Li Liang-yun , Yan Qi , Lian Pan-pan , Liu Ying , Cheng Shu-qi , Li Jun , Hu Hua-qing , Xu Tao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a product of exogenous vitamin D, plays an influential role in calcium and phosphorus balance, anti-inflammation, and cardiovascular protection. There were long-standing interests in the potential benefits of vitamin D for preventing liver diseases. Investigations showed that 25(OH)D was increased in adolescents with abnormal liver function. Yet data about the relationship of 25(OH)D concentration and liver enzymes from prospective cross-sectional study was limited. The present study is undertaken to examine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ，glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were closely related. Methods: The cross-sectional study of 368 healthy volunteers with no history of liver diseases was used to examine risk factors. The associations between ALT, G and ALP and 25(OH)D were assessed by Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation, respectively. Linear regression analysis was carried out in different models with ALT, GGT and ALP as dependent variables. Results: The results found no significant difference between ALT and ALP in different vitamin D groups (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L、25-50 nmol/L and > 50 nmol/L) ( Kruskal-Wallis test, all p > 0.05 ). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that there were no significant association between ALT, GGT and ALP levels and 25(OH)D concentration, respectively, after adjusting covariates including age, BMI, sex, BuN, Cr, UA, AST, Ghb, ALB, WBC, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, cholesterol, and total protein. (All p > 0.1). Conclusion: This study suggested that there was no association between the 25(OH)D concentration and the levels of ALT, GGT or ALP in normal population.
BTP2 negatively regulates Orai1 and ryanodine receptor function in skeletal muscle
Authors: Meizoso-Huesca Aldo , Launikonis Bradley 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background. BTP2 is known to block Orai1, the Ca 2+ channel of store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) but no detailed analysis has been undertaken in skeletal muscle, where the drug has been used extensively to study SOCE.

Methodology. We trapped a Ca 2+ sensitive dye in the tubular (t-) system of mechanically skinned fibres from rat to define the effect of BTP2 on SOCE in skeletal muscle fibres and used a cytoplasmic rhod-2 to track Ca 2+ release in the presence of BTP2.

Results. In addition to blocking Orai1-dependent SOCE, we found a BTP2-dependent inhibition of Orai1 channel resting Ca 2+ conductance. Intriguingly, increasing concentrations of BTP2 displayed a hormetic effect on resting [Ca 2+ ] in the t-system ([Ca 2+ ] t-sys ), shifting from inducing an accumulation of Ca 2+ in the t-system presumably due to Orai1 channels blocking, to reducing the resting [Ca 2+ ] t-sys . This biphasic effect is not observed in presence of a ryanodine receptor (RyR) inhibitor, suggesting that above the hormetic zone, BTP2 impairs RyR function. Additionally, we found that BTP2 impairs the cytoplasmic Ca 2+ transients during repetitive excitation-contraction coupling (EC coupling) cycles independent of extracellular Ca 2+ entry. We determined that the release of Ca 2+ through the RyR was inhibited by BTP2, strongly suggesting that the RyR was the point of inhibition during the cycles of EC coupling.

Conclusion. Our results show that both Ca 2+ channels, the Orai1 and RyR, are negatively regulated by BTP2, shedding new light on previous work that applied BTP2 to block SOCE in muscle.
Silent Representation of Kurdish Identity in Cinema through "Sarmaşık (Ivy)"
Authors: TANRIVERMİŞ Şenay 
Published: January 2020

All this – all the meanness and agony without endI sitting look out uponSee, hear and am silent.Walt Whitman, ‘I Sit and Look’(Genius, 2018). Kurdish people constitute a significant part of the Turkish society for ages with some cultural and linguistic differences. This article focuses on the symbolic representation of Kurds in Turkish cinema through a close reading of the movie Sarmaşık (Ivy) in order to reveal how and at what limits the movie touches upon different forms of verbal and sound control imposed over them. Mainstream media portrays Kurds speaking Turkish with a heavy and funny accent. This tradition has changed by independent movies and at least they become visible in different types of silence. As a movie, one of the themes Sarmaşık discusses is the silence of Kurds and the role of discrimination process again by using and recreating the concrete silence. On the other hand this movie reveals how this silence provoke anxiety of majority towards minority identities, especially towards Kurds in last decades. The movie also stimulates a very important reality that losing a useful and functional part of a society is a severe lost that most people are not even aware of, and that they notice it in fear and with sorrow only after losing it.
3-O-Acyl Triterpenoids and Antileishmanial Effect of the Ethanolic Extract from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Inflorescences
Authors: Araújo Bruno Q. , Monção Nayana B.N. , Oliveira Luciano G.C. , Santana Lorena C.L.R. , Arcanjo Daniel D.R. , Rodrigues Klinger A.F. , Carvalho Fernando A.A. , Citó Antonia M.G.L. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (Mimosaceae) is a native plant from Brazilian
Caatinga/Cerrado used in the traditional medicine. The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical
composition and the antileishmanial activity of the inflorescences from M. caesalpiniifolia.

Methods:
The ethanolic extract from M. caesalpiniifolia inflorescences was submitted to fractionation
in silica gel chromatography column, and the known structures were elucidated using spectroscopic
methods. The antileishmanial activity of the EtOH extract and pure compounds was evaluated against
the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis.

Results:
In this study, the EtOH extract from M. caesalpiniifolia inflorescences (IC50= 74.52 μg mL-1)
and lupeol (IC50 = 15.40 μg mL-1) demonstrated significant inhibition of the growth at 48 h for promastigote
forms of L. amazonensis when compared with Glucantime® (IC50 = 1190.21 μg mL-1), a reference
drug. Moreover, the cytotoxicity evaluation of EtOH extract of M. caesalpiniifolia inflorescences
against murine peritoneal macrophages was also determined. Then, the selectivity index shows that the
EtOH extract of M. caesalpiniifolia inflorescences is more toxic to the parasite than mammalian host
cells. The chemical characterization of the ethanolic extract from M. caesalpiniifolia inflorescences
resulted in the identification of fatty acids and isoprenoids as lupeol acetate, lupeol, β-amyrin, a mixture
of steroids and a mixture of fatty acid triterpenyl esters. 3-O-Acyl triterpenoids are being reported for
the first time in M. caesalpiniifolia.

Conclusion:
The EtOH extract of M. caesalpiniifolia inflorescences is a rich source of triterpenoids and
a promising natural product against leishmaniasis.
Effects of Interactivity on Recall of Health Information: Experimental Study
Authors: Pajor Emília Margit , Eggers Sander Matthijs , de Vries Hein , Oenema Anke 
Published: January 2020

Background
Information provided in an interactive way is believed to be engaging because users can actively explore the information. Yet empirical findings often contradict this assumption. Consequently, there is still little known about whether and how interactivity affects communication outcomes such as recall.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms through which interactivity affects recall of online health information. We tested whether and how cognitive involvement, perceived active control, and cognitive load mediate the effects of interactivity on recall. In addition, we examined need for cognition and health literacy as potential moderators of the mediation effects. Given the increasing popularity of dietary supplement use, our health website focused on this topic.

Methods
In an online between-subjects experiment (n=983), participants were randomly assigned to control condition (no interactive features), moderate interactivity (dropdown menus), and high interactivity (dropdown menus and responsive infographics). Two weeks before the experiment, background characteristics and moderating variables were measured. During website visit, data on users’ online behavior were collected. Recall was measured postexposure.

Results
Participants recalled significantly less information in the moderate (mean 3.48 [SD 2.71]) and high (mean 3.52 [SD 2.64]) interactivity conditions compared with the control condition (mean 5.63 [SD 2.18]). In the mediation analysis, we found direct, negative effects of moderate (b=–2.25, 95% CI –2.59 to –1.90) and high (b=–2.16, 95% CI –2.51 to –1.81) levels of interactivity on recall as well. In the relationship between interactivity and recall, cognitive involvement had a partial negative mediation effect (moderate interactivity: b=–.20; 95% CI –0.31 to –0.10; high interactivity: b=–.21, 95% CI –0.33 to –0.10) and perceived active control had a partial positive mediation effect (moderate interactivity: b=.28, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.40; high interactivity: b=.27, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.40).

Conclusions
Interactivity decreased recall. In addition, through interactivity participants were less involved with the content of the information, yet they felt they had more control over the information. These effects were stronger in the high need for cognition and high health literate groups compared with their counterparts.
Patient-Reported Outcomes During Immunotherapy for Metastatic Melanoma: Mixed Methods Study of Patients’ and Clinicians’ Experiences
Authors: Tolstrup Lærke K , Pappot Helle , Bastholt Lars , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe , Dieperink Karin B 
Published: January 2020

Background
The benefits of electronic patient reported outcomes (PRO) questionnaires have been demonstrated in many settings, including in hospitals and patient homes. However, it remains to be investigated how melanoma patients and their treating clinicians experience the electronic self-reporting of side effects and the derived communication.

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to examine patients’ and clinicians’ experiences with an eHealth intervention for weekly monitoring of side effects during treatment with immunotherapy.

Methods
An eHealth intervention based on questions from the PRO-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) library was used and tested in a randomized clinical trial with patients receiving immunotherapy for malignant melanoma and clinicians at a university hospital in Denmark. On a weekly basis, patients reported their symptoms from home during the treatment via a provided tablet. The electronic patient reports were available to clinicians in the outpatient clinic. A mixed methods approach was applied to investigate the patients’ and clinicians’ experiences with the intervention. Data from patient experiences were collected in a short survey, the Patient Feedback Form. Moreover, a subset of the patients participating in the survey was interviewed about their experience. Furthermore, one focus group interview with clinicians was carried out to elucidate their views.

Results
A total of 57 patients completed the Patient Feedback Form, and 14 patients were interviewed. The focus group interview included 5 clinicians. Overall, patients and clinicians were satisfied with the tool. They believed it enhanced patients’ awareness of side effects and increased their feeling of involvement. The patients reported that it was easy to fill out the questionnaire and that it made sense to do so. However, a minority of the patients expressed in the interviews that they did not believe that the health care professionals had seen their reports when they came to the clinic, and that the reporting did not lead to increased contact with the department.

Conclusions
Overall, satisfaction with the eHealth intervention was high among patients and their treating clinicians. The tool was easy to use and contributed to greater symptom awareness and patient involvement. Thus, in terms of patient and clinician satisfaction with the tool, it makes sense to continue using the tool beyond the project period.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03073031; https://tinyurl.com/tjx3gtu
Preparing African American Men to Make Informed Prostate Cancer Screening Decisions: Development and Pilot Testing of an Interactive Online Decision Aid
Authors: Allen Jennifer Dacey , Reich Amanda , Cuevas Adolfo G , Ladin Keren 
Published: January 2020

Background
African American men are at a higher risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer compared to white men. The serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening test has a high risk of false-positive results and overdiagnosis; therefore, it is not routinely recommended. Rather, men are encouraged to make individualized decisions with their medical providers, after being fully informed about its potential benefits, limitations, and risks.

Objective
This study aimed to describe the development and pilot testing of an interactive Web-based decision aid (DA; Prostate Cancer Screening Preparation [PCSPrep]) for African American men, designed to promote informed decision making for prostate cancer screening.

Methods
Four focus groups (n=33) were conducted to assess men’s reactions to DAs developed in prior studies and gather information to modify the content and format. The pilot test employed a pre-posttest evaluation design. A convenience sample of 41 men aged 45-70 years with no history of prostate cancer was recruited from community settings. Participants completed online surveys before and after using PCSPrep that assessed prostate cancer screening knowledge, decision self-efficacy, decisional conflict, and preparation for decision making.

Results
Use of PCSPrep was associated with a significant increase in prostate cancer knowledge (49% vs 62% correct responses; P<.001), and men also experienced less decisional conflict (24 vs 15 on a scale of 0-100; P=.008). No changes in self-efficacy about decision making or screening preferences were observed. Most men (81%) reported that using PCSPrep prepared them to make informed decisions in partnership with their provider.

Conclusions
PCSPrep was an acceptable DA that improved men’s knowledge, reduced decisional conflict, and promoted the perception of being prepared for shared decision making. Further research is needed to test the DA in a larger randomized trial.
Public Awareness of Sepsis Compared to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Al-Orainan Nourah , EL-Shabasy Adel Mohamed , Al-Shanqiti Khawlah Alamin , Al-Harbi Rawan Awad , Alnashri Hadeel Rajeh , Rezqallah Raghad Ahmed , Mirghani Alanoud Abdallah 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundSepsis is a state of organ dysfunction caused by an impaired host response to infection. It is one of the leading causes of death globally. Sepsis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and stroke share the primary management requirement of rapid intervention. This could be achieved through early presentation to the hospital, which demands previous knowledge of the disease to ensure better outcomes.ObjectiveOur study aimed to assess the level of public awareness of sepsis compared with AMI and stroke.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey study performed in June and July 2018, with 1354 participants from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, aged ≥18 years. Data entry was performed using Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis including chi-square tests and multilogistic regression was performed using SPSS software.ResultsA total of 1354 participants were included. Only 56.72% (768/1354) had heard of the term “sepsis” and 48.44% (372/768) of these participants were able to correctly identify it. In addition, 88.33% (1196/1354) had heard the term “myocardial infarction” and 64.63% (773/1196) knew the correct definition of that condition. Stroke was recognized by 81.46% (1103/1354) of participants and 59.20% (653/1103) of these participants correctly identified the condition. The difference between those who had heard of these diseases and those who knew the correct definition significantly differed from the values for awareness of sepsis and its definition.ConclusionsWe found that public awareness and knowledge of sepsis are poor amongst the population of Jeddah compared with the awareness and knowledge of AMI and stroke. This lack of knowledge may pose a serious obstruction to the prompt management needed to limit fatal outcomes.