bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide activates microglia via neuraminidase 1 desialylation of Toll‐like Receptor 4
Authors: Allendorf David Hans , Franssen Elske Helena , Brown Guy Charles 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost cell surface receptors are sialylated, i.e. have sialic acid as the terminal residue of their sugar chains, but can be desialylated by sialidases, such as neuraminidase 1 (Neu1). Desialylation by Neu1 can activate immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes. We investigated the role of Neu1 in activation of microglia using BV‐2 cells (a murine microglial cell line) by cytokine ELISAs, enzyme activity assays, antibody/lectin binding and proximity labelling. We found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation caused an increase in Neu1 protein on the cell surface, and an increase in surface sialidase activity that was prevented by Neu1 knockdown. Moreover, LPS induced interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and MCP‐1 release, which was reduced by Neu1 knockdown and increased by Neu1 over‐expression. Neu1 knockdown also prevented the maintenance of IL‐6 release by microglia after LPS was removed. Sialidase treatment of the cells was sufficient to induce IL‐6 release, prevented by inhibiting toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). Neu1 was found in close proximity to TLR4 on the surface of cells, and LPS induced desialylation of TLR4 on the cell surface, prevented by Neu1 knockdown. Sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin E was found to bind to TLR4 via sialic acid residues and inhibit IL‐6 release by BV‐2 cells. We conclude that LPS causes Neu1 to translocate to the cell surface, where it desialylates TLR4, releasing inhibitory sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin E, enhancing and maintaining inflammatory activation of the microglia. Thus, sialylation is a potent regulator of microglial activation, and Neu1 may be a target to reduce activation of microglia.
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Transcription factor Creb3l1 regulates the synthesis of prohormone convertase enzyme PC1/3 in endocrine cells
Authors: Greenwood Mingkwan , Paterson Alex , Rahman Parveen Akhter , Gillard Benjamin Thomas , Langley Sydney , Iwasaki Yasumasa , Murphy David , Greenwood Michael Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTranscription factor cAMP responsive element‐binding protein 3 like 1 (Creb3l1) is a non‐classical endoplasmic reticulum stress molecule that is emerging as an important component for cellular homeostasis, particularly within cell types with high peptide secretory capabilities. We have previously shown that Creb3l1 serves an important role in body fluid homeostasis through its transcriptional control of the gene coding for antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin in the neuropeptide‐rich magnocellular neurones of the supraoptic nucleus. In response to osmotic stimuli such as dehydration, vasopressin magnocellular neurones undergo remarkable transcriptome changes, including increased Creb3l1 expression, to ensure that the supply of vasopressin meets demand. To determine where else Creb3l1 fits into the secretory cell supply chain, we performed RNA‐sequencing of Creb3l1 knockdown anterior pituitary mouse corticotroph cell line AtT20. The target chosen for further investigation was Pcsk1, which encodes proprotein convertase enzyme 1 (PC1/3). PC1/3 is crucial for processing of neuropeptides and peptide hormones such as pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC), proinsulin, proglucagon, vasopressin and oxytocin. Viral manipulations in supraoptic nuclei by over‐expression of Creb3l1 increased Pcsk1, whereas Creb3l1 knockdown decreased Pcsk1 expression. In vitro promoter activity and binding studies showed that Creb3l1 was a transcription factor of the Pcsk1 gene binding directly to a G‐box motif in the promoter. In the dehydrated rat anterior pituitary, Creb3l1 and Pcsk1 expression decreased in parallel compared to control, supporting our findings from manipulations in AtT20 cells and the supraoptic nucleus. No relationship was observed between Creb3l1 and Pcsk1 expression in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary, indicating a different mechanism of PC1/3 synthesis by these POMC‐synthesising cells. Therefore, Creb3l1, by regulating the expression of Pcsk1, does not control the processing of POMC peptides in the intermediate lobe.
GHR−/− Mice are protected from obesity‐related white adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Young Jonathan A. , Henry Brooke E. , Benencia Fabian , Bell Stephen , List Edward O. , Kopchick John J. , Berryman Darlene E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) excess in bovine (b)GH transgenic mice has been shown to alter white adipose tissue (WAT) immune cell populations. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of GH resistance on WAT immune cell populations using GH receptor knockout (GHR−/−) mice. Eight‐ and 24‐month‐old, male GHR−/− and wild‐type mice were used. Body composition and tissue weights were determined, and systemic inflammation was assessed by measuring serum cytokine levels. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was isolated from three distinct WAT depots, and immune cell populations were quantified using flow cytometry. GHR−/− mice at both ages had decreased body weight but were obese. Although no significant changes were observed in serum levels of the measured cytokines, SVF cell alterations were seen and differed from depot to depot. Total SVF cells were decreased in epidydimal (Epi) depots, whereas SVF cells per gram adipose tissue weight were increased in mesenteric (Mes) depots of GHR−/− mice relative to controls. T cells and T helper cells were increased in Mes at 8 months old, whereas cytotoxic T cells were decreased in subcutaneous (SubQ) at 24 months old. Other cells were unchanged at both ages measured. The present study demonstrates that removal of GH action results in modest and depot‐specific changes to several immune cell populations in WAT of intra‐abdominal depots (Epi and Mes), which are somewhat surprising results because the SubQ has the largest change in size, whereas the Mes has no size change. Taken together with previous results from bovine GH transgenic mice, these data suggest that GH induces changes in the immune cell population of WAT in a depot‐specific manner. Notably, GHR−/− mice appear to be protected from age‐related WAT inflammation and immune cell infiltration despite obesity.
Effect of resistance training on quality of life in older people with sarcopenic obesity living in long‐term care institutions: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Chang Shu‐Fang , Chiu Shu‐Ching 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo measure the effect of chair resistance training (RT) on the quality of life (QoL) of older long‐term care residents with sarcopenic obesity (SO).BackgroundSarcopenia combined with obesity, commonly called SO, is considered to be related to health‐related QoL. Despite concerns regarding SO‐related long‐term healthcare issues, intervention studies on SO residents in nursing homes are scant in Taiwan.DesignThis research was a quasi‐experiment conducted according to the TREND Checklist. A total of 123 older persons were enrolled from six nursing facilities. The RT was implemented between October 2015–March 2016.MethodThe intervention group received progressive RT with sandbags/dumbbells twice a week for 3 months, whereas the comparison group received the usual care. QoL was the major outcome variable. Data were analysed using chi‐square test, Student's t test and generalised estimating equation (GEE).ResultsThe various definition criteria for SO can influence the results of QoL in the older persons. From the body composition perspective, in the GEE analysis, the SO cut‐off points for neither skeletal muscle mass percentage (SMMp) nor appendicular skeletal muscle mass index demonstrated significant between‐group differences in the QoL variable after the 3‐month RT intervention. Between‐group analysis revealed a significant effect of time on anxiety/depression [Exp(B): 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.18–0.93, p‐value < .05] in participants who met all three criteria of the definition of SO (low SMMp, low handgrip strength, and obesity). RT was one of the protective factors.ConclusionIn the SO group, the effect of muscle strength on QoL is greater than the effect of changes in body composition after RT.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study analysed the influence of RT on QoL in subjects with different categories of SO. RT is one of the ways to promote QoL among the SO population. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02912338.
The outcomes and experience of people receiving community‐based nurse‐led wound care: A systematic review
Authors: Dhar Anusuya , Needham Judith , Gibb Michelle , Coyne Elisabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo review the literature related to the outcomes and experience of people receiving nurse‐led care for chronic wounds in the community.BackgroundChronic wounds lead to a poor quality of life and are an economic burden to the Australian healthcare system. A lack of awareness into the significance of chronic wounds leads to limited resources being available to facilitate the provision of evidence‐based care. The majority of chronic wounds are managed by nurses in the community, and a better understanding into current models of care is required to inform future practice.DesignA systematic quantitative literature review.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases, and the inclusion criteria were as follows: English language, peer‐reviewed, published from 2009–2019 and primary research. The data were compiled into an Excel database for reporting as per the Pickering and Byrne (Higher Education Research & Development, 33, 534.) method of systematic quantitative literature review. This review used the PRISMA checklist. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for quality appraisal.ResultsTwelve studies were included in the review. Home nursing care, social community care and nursing within a wound clinic were identified as three types of nurse‐led care in the literature. The findings demonstrate that nurse‐led care was cost‐effective, reported high levels of client satisfaction and contributed to improved wound healing and reduced levels of pain.ConclusionsNurse‐led care is a positive experience for people with chronic wounds and leads to better outcomes. The findings suggested a need for further client education and specialised training for healthcare practitioners managing chronic wounds.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICEThis review demonstrates that nurse‐led care for people with chronic wounds in the community is cost‐effective and improves client outcomes. Raising awareness into the significance of chronic wounds aims to promote the resources required to facilitate evidence‐based care.
Nurses’ and surgeons’ views and experiences of surgical wounds healing by secondary intention: A qualitative study
Authors: McCaughan Dorothy , Sheard Laura , Cullum Nicky , Dumville Jo , Chetter Ian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore surgeons’ and nurses’ perspectives of managing surgical wounds healing by secondary intention.BackgroundEvery year, more than 10 million surgical operations are performed in the NHS in the UK. Most surgical wounds heal by primary intention, where the edges of the wound are brought together with staples, sutures, adhesive glue or clips. Sometimes wounds are deliberately left open to heal, from the base up, known as “healing by secondary intention.” These wounds are often slow to heal, prone to infection and complex to manage.DesignA qualitative, descriptive approach, using semi‐structured interviews.MethodsInterviews with five (general, vascular and plastic) surgeons and 7 nurses (3 tissue viability nurses, 2 district and 1 community nurse, and 1 hospital nurse) working in hospital and community care settings in two locations in the north of England. Data analysis followed the recommended sequential steps of “Framework” approach. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guided the study report.ResultsParticipants reported that the main types of wounds healing by secondary intention that they manage are extensive abdominal cavity wounds; open wounds relating to treatment for pilonidal sinus; large open wounds on the feet of patients with diabetes; and axilla and groin wounds, associated with removal of lymph nodes for cancer. Infection and prolonged time to healing were the main challenges. Negative pressure wound therapy was the most favoured treatment option.ConclusionsNegative pressure wound therapy was advocated by professionals despite a lack of research evidence indicating clinical or cost‐effectiveness. Our findings underscore the need for rigorous evaluation of negative pressure wound therapy, and other wound care treatments, through studies that include economic evaluation.Relevance for clinical practiceClinical decision‐making in wound care could be optimised through further robust studies to inform practitioners about the cost‐effectiveness of available treatments.
Making sense of blood glucose data and self‐management in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study
Authors: Despins Laurel A. , Wakefield Bonnie J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe individuals' with type 2 diabetes mellitus sense‐making of blood glucose data and other influences impacting self‐management behaviour.BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing globally. Adherence to effective diabetes self‐management regimens is an ongoing healthcare challenge. Examining individuals’ sense‐making processes can advance staff knowledge of and improve diabetes self‐management behaviour.DesignA qualitative exploratory design examining how individuals make sense of blood glucose data and symptoms, and the influence on self‐management decisions.MethodsSixteen one‐on‐one interviews with adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a semi‐structured interview guide were conducted from March–May 2018. An inductive–deductive thematic analysis of data using the Sensemaking Framework for Chronic Disease Self‐Management was used. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist were used in completing this paper.ResultsThree main themes described participants’ type 2 diabetes mellitus sense‐making and influences on self‐management decisions: classifying blood glucose data, building mental models and making self‐management decisions. Participants classified glucose levels based on prior personal experiences. Participants learned about diabetes from classes, personal experience, health information technology and their social network. Seven participants expressed a need for periodic refreshing of diabetes knowledge.ConclusionIndividuals use self‐monitored glucose values and/or HbA1C values to evaluate glucose control. When using glucose values, they analyse the context in which the value was obtained through the lens of personal parameters and expectations. Understanding how individuals make sense of glycaemic data and influences on diabetes self‐management behaviour with periodic reassessment of this understanding can guide the healthcare team in optimising collaborative individualised care plans.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses must assess sense‐making processes in self‐management decisions. Periodic “refresher” diabetes education may be needed for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The culture conversation: Report from the 2nd Australasian ILC meeting—Auckland 2019
Authors: Aspinall Cathleen , Parr Jenny M. , Slark Julia , Wilson Denise 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAim and objectiveThis paper reports on the proceedings of the second Australasian International Learning Collaborative conference and summit.BackgroundIn December 2019, over a hundred people attended the second Australasian International Learning Collaborative Conference and Summit. This was the first to be held in Aotearoa New Zealand, the land where cultural safety was developed, its origins being in nursing education. Perhaps not surprisingly, culture, cultural safety and the context of care featured highly in the presentations and workshops. Design and methodsDiscussion paper.ResultsA key outcome of the conference proceedings and workshops was the call for nurses and the International Learning Collaborative to work in partnership with indigenous groups to iterate the importance of the Fundamentals of Care framework and evaluate the impact of that on health equity. Other essential messages were to value establishing relationships, to continue to talk about the fundamentals of care, to research and to own them. Nurses were reminded to use their humanity to create a climate and culture in which patients and staff feel valued, safe and trusted.ConclusionsFuture iterations of the Fundamentals of Care framework must incorporate indigenous worldviews, which emphasise the importance of relationships, family and spirituality on wellbeing. Such additions will provide an opportunity for the International Learning Collaborative to optimally respond and direct nursing practice.Relevance to clinical practiceInternational Learning Collaborative members and conference attendees learned, listened and worked on meeting the challenges of consistently implementing and applying the fundamentals of care in practice and its importance to education, research and policy. The takeaway message is, when this does not happen, nurses must speak up.
Practice priorities for acute care nursing: A Delphi study
Authors: Connell Clifford J. , Plummer Virginia , Crawford Kimberley , Endacott Ruth , Foley Pieternella , Griffiths Debra L. , Innes Kelli , Nayna Schwerdtle Patricia , Walker Lorraine E. , Morphet Julia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the risk and frequency of challenges in acute care nursing, and the practice priorities in Australian hospital wards based upon expert consensus.BackgroundHealth care is facing increasing demands that are negatively impacting upon the safety and quality of nursing care.DesignDelphi Method.MethodA three‐round electronic Delphi method was used to collect and synthesise expert consensus opinion of 30 participants in Rounds One and Two of the survey, and 12 participants in Round Three. The study was carried out from July to December 2016. This study complied with the STROBE checklist.ResultsHigh patient acuity or complexity, as well as inadequate bed space on wards, are “very high” risks that occur “often” and “very often,” respectively. The pressure to admit patients, delayed medical review and patient boarding are all “high” risks that occur “often.” Though only occurring “sometimes,” inadequate numbers and skill mix of staff, suboptimal communication and early or inappropriate discharge all pose a “very high” risk to patient care.ConclusionThe key practice priorities for nurse managers should include the design, implementation and evaluation of sustainable system‐wide frameworks, processes and models of care that address patient boarding, communication and discharge processes, job satisfaction, staffing numbers and expertise.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides a description of the challenges that face acute care nursing in the provision of safe and high‐quality care.
A structural equation model of health‐related quality of life among Thai men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Peepratoom Bangorn , Low Gail , Malathum Porntip , Chai‐Aroon Teeradej , Chuchottaworn Charoen , Arpanantikul Manee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo identify physiological, psychological and socioenvironmental factors that affect the health‐related quality of life of Thai men living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The vast majority of Thai persons living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are men.BackgroundLittle is known about the health‐related quality of life of Thai people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or about the physiological and psychosocial factors that most affect it. Applying a prevailing theoretical model of health‐related quality of life, we explored how physiological, psychological and socioenvironmental factors simultaneously affect the health‐related quality of life of Thai men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.DesignA cross‐sectional study design was used, together with the STROBE checklist.MethodsIn this study, 290 Thai male outpatients at a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease specialist clinic near Bangkok were recruited using purposive sampling. The participants completed the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Short Form Health Survey Version 2, the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Self‐Efficacy Scale and the Social Support Questionnaire. A structural equation model was used to examine the relationships between the assessed variables.ResultsBiological function (FEV‐1, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations), symptoms (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression), functional status, general health perceptions and individual characteristics (age and self‐efficacy to control dyspnoea) accounted for 56.9% of the variance in health‐related quality of life.ConclusionsSymptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression were the main factors with statistically significant direct and indirect effects on the health‐related quality of life of the Thai men in this study. The effects of both symptoms included an indirect effect on health‐related quality of life through functional status and general health perceptions.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study findings may help nurses to better understand factors affecting health‐related quality of life among men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Preventing or minimising symptom exacerbations could be important in nursing practice. Cognitive‐behavioural interventions addressing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptom management, depression screening and smoking cessation may improve health‐related quality of life among Thai men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.