bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL CONTROLLO NEUROENDOCRINO DEL COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTARE
Authors: Cavagnini Francesco 
Published: April 2020

Appetite is regulated by a complex system of central and peripheral signals that interact in order to modulate eating behavior according the individual needs, i.e. the fasting or fed condition and the general nutritional status. Peripheral regulation includes adiposity signals and satiety signals, while central control is accomplished by several effectors, including the neuropeptidergic, monoaminergic and endocannabinoid systems. Adiposity signals inform the brain of the general nutritional status of the subject as indicated by the extent of fat depots. Indeed, leptin produced by the adipose tissue and insulin, whose pancreatic secretion tends to increase with the increase of fat mass, convey to the brain an anorexigenic message. Satiety signals, including cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), originate from the gastrointestinal tract during a meal and, through the vagus nerve, reach the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the caudal brainstem. From NTS afferents fibers project to the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, where satiety signals are integrated with adiposity signals and with several hypothalamic and supra-hypothalamic inputs, thus creating a complex network of neural circuits that finally elaborate the most appropriate response, in terms of eating behavior. In more detail, ARC neurons secrete a number of neuropeptides with orexigenic properties, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AGRP), or anorexigenic effects such as pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Other brain areas involved in the control of food intake are located downstream the ARC: among these, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which produces anorexigenic peptides such as thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and oxytocin, the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) and perifornical area (PFA), secreting the orexigenic substances orexin-A (OXA) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH). Recently, a great interest has developed for endogenous cannabinoids, important players in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. In the same context, increasing evidence is accumulating for a role played by the microbiota, the trillion of microorganism populating the human gastrointestinal tract.
The complex interaction between the peripheral organs and the central nervous system has generated the concept of gut-brain axis, now incorporated into the physiology. A better understanding of the mechanisms governing the eating behavior will allow the development of drugs capable of reducing or enhancing food consumption.
Comparison of fentanil and remifentanil for coronary artery surgery with low ejection fraction
Authors: Baddal Nukhet , Conkbayir Cenk , Erdemli Ozcan , Karadeniz Umit , Tezcan Busra , Oztas Didem Melis , Beyaz Metin Onur , Ugurlucan Murat , Yildiz Yahya , Yavas Soner 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionIn this study, we evaluated patient response and haemodynamic parameters in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing coronary bypass surgery with either fentanil or remifentanil in conjunction with etomidate.Material and methodsWe evaluated 30 cases of coronary artery surgery, which were divided into two treatment groups (n = 15 each). In group F (fentanil group), the following regimen was employed for anaesthesia induction: 1 mg/kg lidocaine, 0.3 mg/kg etomidate, and, following a 1 µg/kg 60 s bolus dose of fentanil, a 0.1 µg/kg/min fentanil infusion was initiated, after which 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium was administered. In group R (remifentanil group), the following regimen was employed for anaesthesia induction: 1 mg/kg lidocaine, 0.3 mg/kg etomidate and, following a 1 µg/kg 60 s bolus dose of remifentanil, a 0.1 µg/kg/min remifentanil infusion was initiated, after which 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium was administered. Systolic artery pressure, diastolic artery pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, SPO<SUB>2</SUB> (saturation), cardiac output, stroke volume variance, central venous pressure, and systemic vascular resistance values were recorded for all study patients at five minutes before anaesthetic induction (T1), immediately following induction (T2), and immediately following intubation (T3).ResultsThe demographic values obtained for both groups were similar. We found that remifentanil use was associated with decreased cardiac output and increased fluctuations in both heart rate and mean values of arterial pressure.ConclusionsAlthough many studies have demonstrated remifentanil to be as safe as fentanil when titrated to an appropriate dose, our study suggests that fentanil may be a more appropriate choice during the induction of anaesthesia in patients with a low ejection fraction.
Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a single-center experience
Authors: Sert Ozlem Zeliha , Bozkurt Hilmi , Olmez Tolga , Aray Emre , Gülmez Selcuk , Senger Aziz Serkan , Polat Erdal , Duman Mustafa 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionHere we present our 10-year experience regarding gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in terms of clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical staining patterns.Material and methodsIn this single-center retrospective study, during 2008–2018, data of 26 patients with histologically confirmed diagnoses of GISTs were collected. All patients included in the study underwent surgical resection. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous variables.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 60.7 ±10.4 (35–79) years. The most common GIST location was the stomach (88.5%). The mean tumor size was 5.8 cm (1–13 cm) and the most common histologic type of GIST was spindle cell (61.5%). CD 117(c-kit) was positive in 96% of GIST cases, while CD34 was positive in 84.6%, discovered on GIST-1(DOG1) in 46.2%, smooth muscle actin (SMA) in 26.9%, S100 in 19.2%, and desmin in 7.7%. In one CD117 negative patient, DOG1 was positive. Four patients had metastases (15.4%). The mean follow-up time was 56.5 ±36.2 month. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients who had small intestinal GIST (p = 0.010). In immunohistochemical staining, SMA was significantly more common among spindle cell type (p = 0.032).ConclusionsGISTs are very rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, but the accurate diagnosis with immunohistochemical staining is vital for the treatment. So, large scale, prospective and randomized multicenter trials are needed to reduce the misdiagnosis rate of GISTs.
Endothelial protective effect of rapamycin against simulated ischemia injury through up-regulation of autophagy and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Gabryel Bożena 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionRapamycin has been shown to have cytoprotective properties in some experimental models of ischemia. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the positive effect of rapamycin on endothelial cells in ischemic injury remain unknown. It is very important because endothelial cells are firstly exposed to ischemia and play an important role in ischemic organ damage. Autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress are suggested to be implicated in hypoxic/ischemic injury of endothelial cells. This study aims to explore whether the endothelial protective effect of rapamycin is associated with exacerbation of autophagy and attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.Material and methodsThe protective effects of rapamycin against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell injury were explored in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The protein levels of Beclin 1, p62, p-mTOR, p-S6K, p-4EBP, GRP78, p-PERK and p-IRE1 were analyzed using immunoblotting.ResultsRapamycin in the simulated ischemia model increased the cell viability, indicating its cytoprotective effect (p < 0.05). Experiments with 3-methyladenine as an inhibitor of autophagy and thapsigargin as an inducer of endoplasmic reticulum stress support that rapamycin exerts endothelial protective effects against OGD-induced damage via autophagy – endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that rapamycin protects ischemic HUVECs via down-regulation of the mTOR pathway, enhancement of autophagy and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Post-traumatic growth among gastrointestinal oncological patients: the perspective of Stevan Hobfoll’s conservation of resources theory
Authors: Houn Angelika , Rzeszutek Marcin , Sarosiek Tomasz 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThis study assessed the relation between social support dimensions and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among a sample of gas-trointestinal cancer patients. Particular focus was placed on the mediating role of resources based on the conservation of re-sources (COR) theory and its effect on the previously mentioned association.Participants and procedureA total of 190 patients comprising 87 females and 103 males with a clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer were recruited to participate in this study. This was a cross-sectional study, with social support evaluated by the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS). The participants’ levels of subjectively possessed resources were assessed by the Conservation of Resources Evalua-tion (COR-E) questionnaire. Posttraumatic growth was evaluated by the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI).ResultsNo direct relation was found between social support and PTG among participants. However, a mediating role of subjectively possessed resources was detected through the COR theory on the aforementioned relationship, i.e. the link between social sup-port and PTG. More specifically, the level of economic and political resources was a mediator in the relation.ConclusionsThese results contribute to extant literature on the psychological aspects of gastrointestinal cancer. Evidently, social support may be related to positive outcomes among gastrointestinal cancer patients in the form of PTG.
Radiological significance of high-resolution computed tomography for elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients – an analysis with culture test
Authors: Sahu Niranjan , Das Somadatta , Padhy Rabindra Nath 
Published: April 2020

PurposePulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the major health problems in the elderly population, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) modality for the diagnosis of PTB, in comparison to culture test.Material and methodsThoracic HRCT images of the study population, comprising 124 patients clinically suspected for PTB with smear and culture reports, were analysed for sensitivity and specificity of the HRCT test. Features of active PTB were centrilobular nodules, ‘tree-in-bud’ pattern densities, macro-nodules, consolidations, cavitary lesions, ground-glass opacities, and miliary nodules.ResultsAmong the study population, 108 cases presented HRCT features of active PTB and the remaining cases were negative but had presented a few features mimicking PTB. As inferred from positive culture test results, 106 cases had active PTB, the remaining cases were culture negative for PTB. False-positive (FP) or ‘type I error’ cases, and false-negative (FN) or ‘type II error’ cases were ascertained by Bayes’ theorem. Sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (true negative rate) of HRCT test were 0.8125 and 0.8571, respectively.ConclusionsFor proper diagnosis the predictive capability, as two values of ‘a posteriori probability’, was computed; the mean value of ‘a posteriori probability’ for HRCT was 0.6358. When its culture test was positive, the HRCT test was 69.56-92.85% efficient in ascertaining positive results with a sample; on the other hand, when its culture test was negative it was 66.66-100% efficient for a negative result. Thus, the HRCT test is considerably dependable.
Combined hyperdense gallbladder wall-lumen sign: new computed tomography sign in acute gangrenous cholecystitis
Authors: Sureka Binit , Jha Satya , Rodha Mahaveer S. , Chaudhary Ramkaran , Elhence Poonam , Khera Pushpinder S. , Garg Pawan K. , Yadav Taruna , Goel Akhil 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe objective of our study was to evaluate the combined hyperdense gallbladder wall-lumen sign on computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing gangrenous cholecystitis.Material and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the unenhanced CT scans of surgically proven cases of acute gangrenous (GCh) and non-gangrenous cholecystitis (nonGCh). Eleven cases of pathologically proven acute gangrenous cholecystitis and 12 consecutive cases of surgically proven acute non-gangrenous cholecystitis that underwent CT at our institute were included in the study so as to have 1 : 1 control. The Hounsfield unit (HU) value of the gallbladder wall and intraluminal bile was measured. Interobserver variability for individual CT findings was also assessed.ResultsThe gangrenous cholecystitis group had significantly higher HU values of wall and bile (median value of
33 HU vs. 21 HU and median value of 21 HU vs. 8.5 HU, respectively, p < 0.05). The area under the receiver ope­rator characteristic curve for HU lumen was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.62-0.98, p = 0.014) with an ideal cut-off at 31.5 HU, where the sensitivity was 54.5% and specificity was 91.7%. HU lumen has an even better assessment for gangrenous cholecystitis with AUC of its ROC as 0.92 (95% CI: 0.80-1.00, p = 0.001) with an ideal cut-off at 12.5 HU, where the sensitivity was 81.8% and specificity was 91.7%. The combined wall-lumen cut-off is 35 HU with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 75%.ConclusionA cut-off CT density value of the gallbladder wall of more than 31.5 HU, intraluminal bile more than 12.5 HU, and combined wall-lumen HU of more than 35 can predict GCh.
Color fraction as a useful method of imaging synovium vascularization in patients with high activity of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jakubaszek Michał , Płaza Mateusz , Kwiatkowska Brygida 
Published: April 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with joint inflammation and destruction as the main features that appears with prevalence of 1 to 2% of the general population. Women are three times more likely to suffer from RA than men. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs at any age but commonly over 40–50 years old. In the course of RA each joint may be involved but most frequently the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the hands, wrists, and also small joints of the feet are affected. <br />
Symmetrical joint swelling with overgrowth of synovium and hypervascularization confirmed in power Doppler ultrasound imaging are very characteristic for RA. Quantification of vascularization with the color fraction index may be a useful tool to monitor disease activity and in evaluation of inflammation in scientific research. <br />
This article aims to present this imaging diagnostic method based on the literature.
Sval_Imp: a gridded forcing dataset for climate change impact research on Svalbard
Authors: Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Østby Torbjørn Ims 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We present Sval_Imp, a high-resolution gridded dataset designed for forcing models of terrestrial surface processes on Svalbard. The dataset is defined on a 1 km grid covering the archipelago of Svalbard, located in the Norwegian Arctic (74–82∘ N). Using a hybrid methodology, combining multidimensional interpolation with simple dynamical modeling, the atmospheric reanalyses ERA-40 and ERA-Interim by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting have been downscaled to cover the period 1957–2017 at steps of 6 h. The dataset is publicly available from a data repository. In this paper, we describe the methodology used to construct the dataset, present the organization of the data in the repository and discuss the performance of the downscaling procedure. In doing so, the dataset is compared to a wealth of data available from operational and project-based measurements. The quality of the downscaled dataset is found to vary in space and time, but it generally represents an improvement compared to unscaled values, especially for precipitation. Whereas operational records are biased to low elevations around the fringes, we stress the hitherto underused potential of project-based measurements at higher elevation and in the interior of the archipelago for evaluating atmospheric models. For instance, records of snow accumulation on large ice masses may represent measures of seasonally integrated precipitation in regions sensitive to the downscaling procedure and thus providing added value. Sval_Imp (Schuler, 2018) is publicly available from the Norwegian Research Data Archive NIRD, a data repository (https://doi.org/10.11582/2018.00006).
Drainage divide networks – Part 1: Identification and ordering in digital elevation models
Authors: Scherler Dirk , Schwanghart Wolfgang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We propose a novel way to measure and analyze networks of drainage divides
from digital elevation models. We developed an algorithm that extracts
drainage divides based on the drainage basin boundaries defined by a stream
network. In contrast to streams, there is no straightforward approach to
order and classify divides, although it is intuitive that some divides are
more important than others. A meaningful way of ordering divides is the
average distance one would have to travel down on either side of a divide to
reach a common stream location. However, because measuring these distances
is computationally expensive and prone to edge effects, we instead sort
divide segments based on their tree-like network structure, starting from
endpoints at river confluences. The sorted nature of the network allows
for assigning distances to points along the divides, which can be shown to scale
with the average distance downslope to the common stream location.
Furthermore, because divide segments tend to have characteristic lengths, an
ordering scheme in which divide orders increase by 1 at junctions mimics
these distances. We applied our new algorithm to the Big Tujunga catchment
in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California and studied the
morphology of the drainage divide network. Our results show that topographic
metrics, like the downstream flow distance to a stream and hillslope relief,
attain characteristic values that depend on the drainage area threshold used
to derive the stream network. Portions along the divide network that have
lower than average relief or are closer than average to streams are often
distinctly asymmetric in shape, suggesting that these divides are unstable.
Our new and automated approach thus helps to objectively extract and analyze
divide networks from digital elevation models.
What Do You Really Want Students To Know?: Perspectives About Learning and Assessment from Faculty in Creative Fields of Study
Authors: Ozaki C. Casey , Worley Deborah , Cherry Emily , Kehn Andre 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article examines how theater, music, and art and design undergraduate programs assess student learning. One hundred twenty-three programs provided quantitative and qualitative survey assessment data in five categories: knowledge building, creative production, contextualization, communication, and professionalism. Gale and Bond's four-part framework informed the development of the instrument sections, but the results of this study also support the credibility of the framework. Two overarching themes in the arts are creativity and performance, not only in terms of what is being assessed but also in how assessment is carried out.
The Everywhere and Nowhere Skill: Sustaining the Assessment of Analytical Reading as Critical Thinking Across the Curriculum
Authors: Lambrecht Kathryn , Sweeney Meghan A. , Detweiler Jane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite efforts of both administration and faculty, the intent and the execution of new curricular initiatives are not always in alignment. To understand how the declaration of a campus-wide general education initiative was being implemented, this article combines analyses of syllabi and courses from across disciplines. In an initial review, the goal was to understand how new elements of Core Objectives and Student Learning Outcomes were being incorporated into syllabi. After this general review, the authors sought to understand how core elements associated specifically with reading were being implemented in syllabi and in the classroom. This article finds that while critical analysis and reading are valued as cornerstones of the university, the details of who is responsible for teaching and assessing these important features remains less clear. “Reading” is variously prevalent across disciplinary courses: while present in the course structure and assessment mechanisms of syllabi across the university, there is little evidence that instructors are holding themselves responsible for teaching and assessing it as an intellectual practice. Amid a national scholarly conversation about reading and its role in critical thinking, this study contributes ideas for how institutions can more explicitly align stated values with curricular outcomes in practice.
Protracted Magmatism and Mineralized Hydrothermal Activity at the Gibraltar Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposit, British Columbia
Authors: Kobylinski Christopher , Hattori Keiko , Smith Scott , Plouffe Alain 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Gibraltar Cu-Mo deposit, with a total tonnage of 3.2 million tons (Mt) Cu, is located in the Canadian Cordillera and hosted by the Late Triassic Granite Mountain batholith. The batholith formed through multiple intrusions of tonalitic rocks over a period of ~25 m.y. beginning at 229.2 ± 4.4 Ma in the Quesnel island arc before the accretion of the arc to the North American continent. Late in its evolution, Cu fertile magmas intruded in the center of the batholith, during at least three events from 218.9 ± 3.1 to 205.8 ± 2.1 Ma. The fertile magmas were hotter and more mafic than older barren magmas. They generated magmatic-hydrothermal activity, forming potassic alteration and white mica alteration, and produced Cu mineralization as chalcopyrite-quartz veinlets and disseminated chalcopyrite. Zircon in the Cu-bearing tonalite intrusion (218.9 ± 3.1 Ma) shows high Ce4+/Ce3+ (681 ± 286 [2σ], n =15) compared to those from older barren intrusions (129 ± 56 [2σ], n = 118). Oxidation conditions for parental magmas are calculated using the compositions of zircon and amphibole. The magmas for Cu-bearing intrusions have an average of fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer (FMQ) +1.7 ± 0.7 (2σ, n = 73), whereas those for older barren intrusions have slightly lower fO2 (avg FMQ +1.3 ± 0.5 [2σ], n = 108), although the values are overlapping for the two.
The bulk rocks of Cu-bearing tonalite intrusions in the Granite Mountain batholith have low Sr/Y ratios (&lt;22) independent of the degrees of alteration. The low ratios are also reflected by low Sr/Y in zircon, suggesting that the low Sr/Y ratios of bulk rocks represent those of unaltered rocks. The values are low compared to those associated with many other porphyry Cu deposits globally. The data suggest that igneous rocks elsewhere with low Sr/Y in bulk rocks may have a potential to host economic Cu deposits. Ratios of Ce/Nd and Ce/Ce* (=Ce/((NdN)2SmN)) in zircon are positively correlated with the Ce4+/Ce3+ in zircon from the Granite Mountain batholith. Since the former two ratios can be obtained solely from zircon composition, these ratios from detrital zircon may be useful in evaluating the occurrences of oxidized intrusions in regional mineral exploration.