bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal determinants of eating behaviours in Dutch older adults living independently: a qualitative study
Authors: Bukman Andrea Johanna , Ronteltap Amber , Lebrun Mila 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Eating behaviour of older adults is influenced by a complex interaction of determinants. Understanding the determinants of a specific target group is important when developing targeted health-promoting strategies. The aim of this study was to explore interpersonal determinants of eating behaviours in older adults living independently in a specific neighbourhood in the Netherlands.

Methods
In the neighbourhood of interest, populated by relatively many older adults, fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with independently living older adults (aged 76.9 ± 6.4y). Interviews were complemented with observations among the target group: three occasions of grocery shopping and three collective eating occasions in the neighbourhood. A thematic approach was used to analyse the qualitative data.

Results
When we asked the older adults unprompted why they eat what they eat, the influence of interpersonal determinants did not appear directly; respondents rather mentioned individual (e.g. habits) and environmental factors (e.g. food accessibility). Key findings regarding interpersonal factors were: 1) Behaviours are shaped by someone’s context; 2) Living alone influences (determinants of) eating behaviour via multiple ways; 3) There is a salient norm that people do not interfere with others’ eating behaviour; 4) Older adults make limited use of social support (both formal and informal) for grocery shopping and cooking, except for organised eating activities in the neighbourhood. In this particular neighbourhood, many facilities (e.g. shops at walking distance) are present, and events (e.g. dinners) are organised with and for the target group, which likely impact (determinants of) their behaviours.

Conclusions
The study showed that older adults do not directly think of interpersonal factors influencing their eating behaviour, but rather of individual or environmental factors. However, multiple interpersonal factors did appear in the interviews and observations. Moreover, neighbourhood-specific factors seem to play a role, which underlines the need to understand the specific (social) setting when developing and implementing intervention programmes. Insights from this study can assist in developing health-promoting strategies for older adults, taking into account the context of the specific neighbourhood.
Anti-dyslipidemic properties of green gold nanoparticle: improvement in oxidative antioxidative balance and associated atherogenicity and insulin resistance
Authors: Javanshir Reyhane , Honarmand Moones , Hosseini Mehran , Hemmati Mina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Nowadays, the green synthesis of AuNPs in the presence of plants has been attracted a lot of attention. Herein, in vivo antidiabetic activity of AuNPs synthesized using Ziziphus jujuba in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats has been evaluated.

Methods
Formation of AuNPs was confirmed by UV-vis, HR-TEM and XRD. Different doses of jujube gold nanoparticles (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) were used to treat streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in different groups. At the end of experiment (21 days), serum level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, Body weight, HOMA-IR, vitamin D, ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, lipid profile, prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and liver oxidative stress markers were determined.

Results
results showed a significant decrease in the level of liver MDA (P = 0.001), fasting blood glucose (P = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (P = 0.0001), ALT (P = 0.0001), AST (P = 0.0001), urea (P = 0.02), Triglycerides (P = 0.002), Total cholesterol (P = 0.0001), PAB (P = 0.0001) and AIP (P = 0.001) and in contrast a significant increase total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.02), insulin (P = 0.03), Body weight (P = 0.0001) and vitamin D (P = 0.0001) in the AuNPs-treated diabetic group compared to the diabetic rats. No significant change was observed in the total thiol group (P = 0.18), LDL-C (P = 0.43), creatinine (P = 0.09) and HDL-C (P = 0.71) level in diabetic rats treated with AuNPs compared to diabetic rats.

Conclusion
The results of this study proves that green AuNPs exerted promising antidiabetic and anti-oxidant properties.
Endoscope-assisted scleral buckle procedure
Authors: Platt Sean M. , Barkmeier Andrew J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Retinal reattachment surgery requires clear visualization of the posterior segment for optimal outcomes. Select patients may benefit most from primary scleral buckling without vitrectomy, but lack adequate posterior segment ophthalmoscopic visualization to use standard techniques.

Case presentation
The authors describe a retinal reattachment technique utilizing endoscope-assisted visualization to perform a primary scleral buckle procedure for a 34yo female with Peters’ Anomaly and a macula-sparing retinal detachment. Retinal reattachment was achieved with a single procedure and she remained stable with preservation of baseline visual acuity at 30 months follow-up.

Conclusion
In cases where a primary scleral buckle procedure is the preferred retinal detachment repair technique but posterior segment visualization is limited, intraoperative fundus examination, cryotherapy administration, and scleral buckle positioning can be facilitated with intraocular endoscopy.
Insights of COVID-19 pandemic impact on anesthetic management for patients undergoing cancer surgery in the National Cancer Institute, Egypt
Authors: Elsabeeny Walaa Y. , Abd El Dayem Omnia Y. , Rabea Ahmed , Ibrahim Rania S. M. , Mahmoud Heba G. M. , Kamal Eman , Osman Randa A. , Ghoneim Ayman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
New corona virus disease COVID-19 is a pandemic outbreak viral infection that is highly contagious. The disease can affect any age groups. Majority of patients show mild or no symptoms. Immunocompromised patients and patients with co-morbidities are more vulnerable to have more aggressive affection with higher rate of complications. Thus, cancer patients carry a higher risk of infection. Diseased patient can transmit infection throughout the disease course starting from the incubation period to clinical recovery. All healthcare workers contacting COVID-19-positive patients are at great risk of infection, especially the anesthesiologists who can be exposed to high viral load during airway manipulation. In the National Cancer Institute of Egypt, we apply a protocol to prioritize cases where elective cancer surgeries that would not affect patient prognosis and outcome are postponed during the early phase and peak of the pandemic till reaching a plateau. However, emergency and urgent surgeries that can compromise cancer patient’s life and prognosis take place after the proper assessment of the patient’s condition.

Aim
This review aims to spot the management of cancer patients undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in the National Cancer Institute, Egypt.
Drug-eluting balloon: is it useful?
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Setianto Budhi , Surya Steven Philip 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery disease is one of the major issues in the medical world around the globe. The prevalence tends to increase. The use of coronary intervention is one of the ways often used in the management of coronary artery disease due to its satisfying result from earlier studies. Nowadays, there are several different techniques in coronary intervention: balloon vs stent.Main bodyThe stent-based vascular interventions are increasingly being used over balloon-based coronary intervention. However, revascularization intervention using stent often have undesirable long-term effects compared to balloon. Besides, stent-based interventions are also considered more expensive, use more complicated techniques, and use more drug regimens. On the other hand, percutaneous coronary intervention techniques using balloons coated by anti-proliferation drugs have begun to be glimpsed by many interventionists. Studies have found many benefits that cannot be given by stent-based intervention therapy.ConclusionsAngioplasty using percutaneous coronary intervention techniques reveals satisfying result compared to conservative medical treatment. The indication and technique of percutaneous coronary intervention is still evolving until now. Currently, percutaneous coronary intervention using stent, either bare-metal stent or drug-eluting stent, is preferred by interventionist. Nevertheless, recent clinical trial favors the using of drug-eluting balloon for percutaneous coronary intervention in terms of both clinical outcome and complication in several scenarios.
Coping with depression and anxiety in Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khalaf Ola Osama , Khalil Mohamed A. , Abdelmaksoud Reham 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency with a negative impact on mental health. Healthcare workers are one of the most vulnerable groups to psychological stress in pandemics especially COVID-19. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed depression, stress, and coping among a sample of Egyptian physicians using an electronic survey. It included demographic data; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21); and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS).ResultsWe found that the majority of the sample were females (61.2%), in medical specialties (51.2%), and living with vulnerable family members (92.4 %). The majority (63%) suffered from severe or extremely severe depression, 77.6% had extremely severe anxiety, and 72% suffered from stress. BRCS showed that only 17.1% had high resilient coping. Female physicians had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores of DASS than male physicians (p= 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). The anxiety scale was significantly higher in those with chronic diseases (p= 0.040) while the stress scale was lower significantly in those with higher academic degree (p= 0.034). Age had a significantly negative correlation with DASS anxiety (p= 0.031) and stress scores (p= 0.037). The BRCS score had a significantly negative correlation with the depression, anxiety, and stress scales of DASS (p= 0.018, 0.014, and 0.007 respectively).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the psychological well-being of the studied Egyptian physicians. Prophylactic measures should be implemented to avoid development of psychiatric symptoms in physicians.
Accelerate disaster risk mapping using an automated zonal change detection model for loss estimation and recovery: a flood case study
Authors: Amasha Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe flash flood still constitutes one of the major natural meteorological disasters harmfully threatening local communities, that creates life losses and destroying infrastructures. The severity and magnitude of disasters always reflected from the size of impacts. Most of the conventional research models related to flooding vulnerability are focusing on hydro-meteorological and morphometric measurements. It, however, requires quick estimate of the flood losses and assess the severity using reliable information. An automated zonal change detection model applied, using two high-resolution satellite images dated 2009 and 2011 coupled with LU/LC GIS layer, on western El-Arish City, downstream of Wadi El-Arish basin. The model enabled to estimate the severity of a past flood incident in 2010.ResultsThe model calculated the total changes based on the before and after satellite images based on pixel-by-pixel comparison. The estimated direct-damages nearly 32,951 m2of the total mapped LU/LC classes; (e.g., 11,407 m2as 3.17% of the cultivated lands; 6031 m2as 7.22% of the built-up areas and 4040 m2as 3.62% of the paved roads network). The estimated cost of losses, in 2010 economic prices for the selected three LU/LC classes, is nearly 25 million USD, for the cultivation fruits and olives trees, ~ 4 million USD for built-up areas and ~ 1 million USD for paved roads network.ConclusionThe disasters’ damage and loss estimation process takes many detailed data, longtime, and costed as well. The applied model accelerates the disaster risk mapping that provides an informative support for loss estimation. Therefore, decision-makers and professionals need to apply this model for quick the disaster risks management and recovery.
Characterization of organic content, brittleness index, and geomechanical properties of the Eocene Cambay Shales — Insights from the Ankleshwar oil field in western India
Authors: Ganguli Shib Sankar , Sen Souvik , Verma Sumit 
Published: November 2020

Shale resource assessment involves a detailed characterization of organic and geomechanical parameters for better insights on the reservoir properties and classifying areas of economic yield. To assess the Eocene Younger Cambay Shale (YCS) Group of the Ankleshwar field, western India, for feasible shale resource play, we have applied a multistage screening methodology that combines an estimation of organic richness, brittleness index (BI), and geomechanical analyses. The estimated thermal maturity and average total-organic-carbon (TOC) contents are within the range of 0.8–1.0 and 1.8 wt%, respectively. These estimates are comparable to the reported core-based measurements. BI based on the mineralogical composition reveals that the YCS intervals of marine origin fall into the “less-ductile” to “brittle” zone, whereas the elastic property-based estimated BI falls into the “less-brittle” to “high brittle” zone. We have established a field relationship between the BI and the shale volume, and we also deciphered the effect of TOC content on the rock-elastic properties. Pore pressure in the shales is slightly above the hydrostatic gradient (10.5–11.5 MPa/km). The estimated average fracture pressure of 18.5 MPa/km, together with the BI of moderately ductile to less-brittle behavior suggests that the studied shales are capable of withstanding substantial strain while hydrofracturing for effective production. We demonstrate an expedient example to characterize a potential shale unit within a producing hydrocarbon field using the drilled wells with limited or no core data.
Course and Predictive Factors of Incomplete Response to Therapy in Low- and Intermediate-Risk Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Alzahrani Ali S , Moria Yosra , Mukhtar Noha , Aljamei Hadeel , Mazi Sedra , Albalawi Lina , Aljomaiah Abeer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Controversy surrounds the extent and intensity of the management of American Thyroid Association (ATA) intermediate- and low-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Understanding the natural history and factors that predict outcome is important for properly tailoring the management of these patients.

Objective
This work aims to study the natural course and predictive factors of incomplete response to therapy in low- and intermediate-risk DTC.

Patients and Methods
We studied a cohort of 506 consecutive patients [418 women (82.6%) and 88 men (17.4%)] with low and intermediate risk with a median age of 35 years (interquartile range [IQR], 27-46 years). We analyzed the natural course and the predictive factors of biochemically or structurally incomplete response.

Results
Of 506 patients studied, 297 (58.7%) patients were in the low-risk group and 209 (41.3%) were in the intermediate-risk group. Over a median follow-up of 102 months (IQR, 66-130 months), 458 (90.5%) patients achieved an excellent response, 17 (3.4%) had a biochemically incomplete status, and 31 (6.1%) had a structurally incomplete status. In univariable and multivariable analyses, age (≥ 33 years) (P &lt; .0001, odds ratio 1.06 [1.04-1.08]) and lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM; P &lt; .0001, odds ratio 3.2 [1.7-5.9]) were strong predictive factors for biochemically and structurally incomplete response to therapy. Sex, tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, and lymphovascular invasion did not predict incomplete response to therapy.

Conclusions
Patients with low- and intermediate-risk DTC have favorable outcomes. Age and lateral LNM are strong predictors of an incomplete response to therapy. This suggests that older patients and those with LNM should be managed and followed up more actively than younger patients and those without LNM.
Intraoperative Hypotension Is Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcomes After Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Gregory Anne , Stapelfeldt Wolf H. , Khanna Ashish K. , Smischney Nathan J. , Boero Isabel J. , Chen Qinyu , Stevens Mitali , Shaw Andrew D. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) occurs frequently during surgery and may be associated with organ ischemia; however, few multicenter studies report data regarding its associations with adverse postoperative outcomes across varying hemodynamic thresholds. Additionally, no study has evaluated the association between IOH exposure and adverse outcomes among patients by various age groups.

METHODS:
A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2008 and 2017 using intraoperative blood pressure data from the US electronic health records database to examine postoperative outcomes. IOH was assessed in 368,222 noncardiac surgical procedures using 5 methods: (a) absolute maximum decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during surgery, (b) time under each absolute threshold, (c) total area under each threshold, (d) time-weighted average MAP under each threshold, and (e) cumulative time under the prespecified relative MAP thresholds. MAP thresholds were defined by absolute limits (≤75, ≤65, ≤55 mm Hg) and by relative limits (20% and 40% lower than baseline). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events; secondary outcomes were all-cause 30- and 90-day mortality, 30-day acute myocardial injury, and 30-day acute ischemic stroke. Residual confounding was minimized by controlling for observable patient and surgical factors. In addition, we stratified patients into age subgroups (18–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80, >80) to investigate how the association between hypotension and the likelihood of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events and acute kidney injury differs in these age subgroups.

RESULTS:
IOH was common with at least 1 reading of MAP ≤75 mm Hg occurring in 39.5% (145,743) of cases; ≤65 mm Hg in 19.3% (70,938) of cases, and ≤55 mm Hg in 7.5% (27,473) of cases. IOH was significantly associated with the primary outcome for all age groups. For an absolute maximum decrease, the estimated odds of a major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events in the 30-day postsurgery was increased by 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11-14) for ≤75 mm Hg; 17.0% (95% CI, 15-19) for ≤65 mm Hg; and by 26.0% (95% CI, 22-29) for ≤55 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS:
IOH during noncardiac surgery is common and associated with increased 30-day major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events. This observation is magnified with increasing hypotension severity. The potentially avoidable nature of the hazard, and the extent of the exposed population, makes hypotension in the operating room a serious public health issue that should not be ignored for any age group.
Parental Psychosocial Factors Moderate Opioid Administration Following Children’s Surgery
Authors: Kain Alexandra S. , Fortier Michelle A. , Donaldson Candice D. , Tomaszewski Daniel , Phan Michael , Jenkins Brooke N. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
This investigation aimed to examine the impact of parental psychosocial variables on the administration of opioids to young children experiencing postoperative pain.

METHODS:
Participants in this longitudinal analysis were children ages 2–12 undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and their parents. Parents completed validated instruments assessing trait anxiety, perceived stress, and coping style before surgery, and children and parents completed instruments assessing pain and administration of opioids and acetaminophen on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 at home after surgery. The structure of the data was such that parents and children completed multiple data assessments making the data multilevel (ie, days of data within dyads). To address this issue of data structure, multilevel modeling was used to analyze the dataset.

RESULTS:
Participants included 173 parent-child dyads (mean child age = 5.99 ± 2.51) recruited between 2012 and 2017. We found that parent-related psychosocial variables, such as trait anxiety, stress, and coping style, moderated the relationship between the child’s pain and postoperative medication administration. Specifically, when predicting hydrocodone, the interactions between anxiety and pain and stress and pain were significant; when child pain was high, high-anxiety and high-stressed parents gave their children 19% and 12% more hydrocodone, respectively, compared to low-anxiety and low-stressed parents. When predicting acetaminophen, the interactions between anxiety and pain, a blunting coping style and pain, and a monitoring coping style and pain were significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest the need to identify parents who experience high levels of perceived stress and trait anxiety and use appropriate interventions to manage stress and anxiety. This may ensure children receive optimal amounts of pain medication following surgery.
Association Between Lower Preoperative Cognition With Intraoperative Electroencephalographic Features Consistent With Deep States of Anesthesia in Older Patients: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodrigo G. , Egaña José I. , Maldonado Felipe A. , Sáez Iván A. , Reyes Fernando I. , Soulat Hugo , Purdon Patrick L. , Penna Antonello 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
Patients with low cognitive performance are thought to have a higher risk of postoperative neurocognitive disorders. Here we analyzed the relationship between preoperative cognition and anesthesia-induced brain dynamics. We hypothesized that patients with low cognitive performance would be more sensitive to anesthetics and would show differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) activity consistent with a brain anesthesia overdose.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective analysis from a previously reported observational study. We evaluated cognitive performance using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test. All patients received general anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane or desflurane during elective major abdominal surgery. We analyzed the EEG using spectral, coherence, and phase-amplitude modulation analyses.

RESULTS:
Patients were separated into a low MoCA group (<26 points, n = 12) and a high MoCA group (n = 23). There were no differences in baseline EEG, nor end-tidal age-corrected minimum alveolar concentration (MACage). However, under anesthesia, the low MoCA group had lower α-β power (high MoCA: 2.9 [interquartile range {IQR}: 0.6–5.8 dB] versus low MoCA: −1.2 [IQR: −2.1 to 0.6 dB], difference 4.1 [1.0–5.7]) and a lower α peak frequency (high MoCA: 9.0 [IQR: 8.3–9.8 Hz] versus low MoCA: 7.5 [IQR: 6.3–9.0 Hz], difference 1.5 [0–2.3]) compared to the high MoCA group. The low MoCA group also had a lower α band coherence and a stronger peak-max phase–amplitude coupling (PAC). Finally, patients in the low MoCA group had longer emergence times (high MoCA 663 ± 345 seconds versus low MoCA: 960 ± 352 seconds, difference 297 [15–578]). Multiple linear regression shows up that both age and MoCA scores are independently associated with intraoperative α-β power.

CONCLUSIONS:
All these EEG features, together with a prolonged emergence time, are consistent with the possibility that older patients with low cognitive performance are receiving a brain anesthesia overdose compare to cognitive normal patients.