bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring patient empowerment
Authors: Ippolito Adelaide , Smaldone Francesco , Ruberto Margherita 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a research framework for exploring and improving patient empowerment through the analysis of the effects produced by a satisfying physician relationship on patient involvement in the healthcare process.Design/methodology/approachThe authors begin with a literature review of patient empowerment in healthcare, useful to highlight the importance of relational aspects. Then, the authors tested the hypotheses of the research through the analysis of 450 questionnaires. The results are analyzed through covariance-based structural equation modeling.FindingsThis paper highlights how empowerment is a more complex phenomenon, needing many dimensions to be investigated. The hypotheses were tested, and correlations computed, highlighting a medium-strong positive correlation between physician relationship and patient involvement determining satisfying patient empowerment.Research limitations/implicationsThe considerations conducted in the paper are restricted to physician relationship and needs further research aimed to analyze and evaluate the changes in the patient behaviors influenced by empowerment.Practical implicationsThe research points offer new insight into patient empowerment and allow the healthcare provider to create new opportunities for promoting patient empowerment through the development of quality relationship for effective patient involvement.Originality/valueThe study developed contributes new insight about patient empowerment in the healthcare management literature, proving the key role of satisfying physician relationship useful for future researches.
Improved structural interpretation of legacy 3D seismic data from Karee platinum mine (South Africa) through the application of novel seismic attributes
Authors: Manzi Musa S.D. , Cooper Gordon R.J. , Malehmir Alireza , Durrheim Raymond J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTSeismic detection of faults, dykes, potholes and iron‐rich ultramafic pegmatitic bodies is of great importance to the platinum mining industry, as these structures affect safety and efficiency. The application of conventional seismic attributes (such as instantaneous amplitude, phase and frequency) in the hard‐rock environment is more challenging than in soft‐rock settings because the geology is often complex, reflections disrupted and the seismic energy strongly scattered. We have developed new seismic attributes that sharpen seismic reflections, enabling additional structural information to be extracted from hard‐rock seismic data. The symmetry attribute is based on the invariance of an object with respect to transformations such as rotation and reflection; it is independent of the trace reflection amplitude, and hence a better indicator of the lateral continuity of thin and weak reflections. The reflection‐continuity detector attribute is based on the Hilbert transform; it enhances the visibility of the peaks and troughs of the seismic traces, and hence the continuity of weak reflections. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these new seismic attributes by applying them to a legacy 3D seismic data set from the Bushveld Complex in South Africa. These seismic attributes show good detection of deep‐seated thin (∼1.5 m thick) platinum ore bodies and their associated complex geological structures (faults, dykes, potholes and iron‐rich ultramafic pegmatites). They provide a fast, cost‐effective and efficient interpretation tool that, when coupled with horizon‐based seismic attributes, can reveal structures not seen in conventional interpretations.
Brexit, Fisheries and Scottish Devolution: An Intergovernmental Disruption
Authors: McAngus Craig , Huggins Christopher , Connolly John , van der Zwet Arno 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the UK set to leave the EU, the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) will no longer apply and an alternative legislative framework will need to be put in place, simultaneously navigating the devolved settlement. However, aspects of fisheries management fall under the area of international negotiation which is reserved to the UK government. Disagreements between the UK and Scottish governments over where the line between devolved and reserved lies in this matter has led to difficulties in formulating a post‐Brexit fisheries framework. This dispute has exposed weaknesses in relations between the two governments.
Capturing spatial patterns of rural landscapes with point cloud
Authors: Yang Chen , Han Feng , Shutter Leigh , Wu Hangbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver the past few decades, rural landscapes have been the subject of increasing international cultural heritage research, and one of the most important issues under investigation at both theoretical and pragmatic levels concerns how to identify the spatial character of rural landscapes for conservation purposes. This article establishes an innovative approach adopting a cultural landscape perspective with the support of point cloud technologies to capture spatial patterns of rural landscapes. This approach was explored by reference to Tunpu villages in Guizhou, China—these being a specific kind of military fortress settlement. Cultural landscape values and landscape characters of Tunpu villages were identified using historical research and document analysis. Aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry and laser scanning systems were combined to collect and process spatial information at environmental, village, and architectural scales. Point cloud models can quantitatively represent villages' spatial patterns and inform the interpretation of their heritage significance. We conclude that the strengths of point cloud technologies could meet the requirements of rural landscape heritage documentation from a cultural landscape perspective. This mixed‐technology approach could also greatly improve the efficiency and precision of traditional rural landscape documentation, which has the potential to change methodologies applied to rural landscape research and management.
Activation of PKA/SIRT1 signaling pathway by photobiomodulation therapy reduces Aβ levels in Alzheimer's disease models
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Shen Qi , Wu Xiaolei , Zhang Di , Xing Da 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ), which correlates significantly with progressive cognitive deficits. Although photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), as a novel noninvasive physiotherapy strategy, has been proposed to improve neuronal survival, decrease neuron loss, ameliorate dendritic atrophy, and provide overall AD improvement, it remains unknown whether and how this neuroprotective process affects Aβ levels. Here, we report that PBMT reduced Aβ production and plaque formation by shifting amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing toward the nonamyloidogenic pathway, thereby improving memory and cognitive ability in a mouse model of AD. More importantly, a pivotal protein, SIRT1, was involved in this process by specifically up‐regulating ADAM10 and down‐regulating BACE1, which is dependent on the cAMP/PKA pathway in APP/PS1 primary neurons and SH‐SY5Y cells stably expressing human APP Swedish mutation (APPswe). We further found that the activity of the mitochondrial photoacceptor cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) was responsible for PBMT‐induced activation of PKA and SIRT1. Together, our research suggests that PBMT as a viable therapeutic strategy has great potential value in improving cognitive ability and combatting AD.
Cosmopolitan Patriotism as a Civic Ideal
Authors: Erez Lior , Laborde Cécile 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent theoretical debates have questioned the compatibility of patriotism with global political responsibilities, as identified by cosmopolitan theory. In response, several authors claim that a cosmopolitan patriotism is both possible and desirable. In this article, we propose two desiderata for cosmopolitan patriotism as a civic ideal, which existing accounts fail to meet. First, arguments for cosmopolitan patriotism should provide an account of collective identification, supporting the relation between the actions of one's country and one's appropriate reactive attitudes. Second, such a theory should be able to explain the patriot's commitment to critical engagement with her country's actions. We then offer a critical appraisal of two accounts linking patriotism with global responsibility—Permissible Partialism and Globally Responsible Nationalism—‐and demonstrate how they fall short. Finally, we propose an account of civic republican patriotism, which better explains how cosmopolitanism and patriotism can be brought together.
Non‐native species threaten the biotic integrity of the largest remnant Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass prairie in the United States
Authors: Endress Bryan A. , Averett Joshua P. , Naylor Bridgett J. , Morris Lesley R. , Taylor Robert V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuestionsThe Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass ecosystem is one of the most endangered in the United States, yet community‐level patterns of non‐native plant distribution and abundance remain largely unexplored. To address this information gap, we asked the following questions: What are the distinct plant communities within Zumwalt Prairie Preserve? What are the most widespread and abundant non‐native species and how does non‐native species composition and dominance vary across plant communities? How do historic land use, biotic and environmental factors influence plant community composition, particularly in terms of non‐native species abundance and dominance?LocationZumwalt Prairie Preserve, Wallowa County, Oregon, USA.MethodsWe sampled 123 plots using point‐intercept methods within a stratified random sampling approach. We analyzed community variation using cluster analysis, indicator species analysis, and non‐metric multidimensional scaling, and related composition and non‐native plant abundance to historical land use, biotic and environmental variables using joint plots, linear regression, and non‐parametric multiplicative regression.ResultsWhile native perennial grasses were the most abundant species, non‐native species accounted for 27% of species encountered and four of the ten most abundant species were non‐native annual grasses (e.g., Ventenata dubia) or non‐native perennial grasses (e.g., Poa pratensis). Abundance patterns of non‐native perennial grasses differed markedly from those of non‐native annual grasses; non‐native perennial grasses were concentrated in old fields, while non‐native annual grasses were abundant in moisture‐limited uncultivated sites.ConclusionsDespite its protected status, non‐native plant species pose a serious threat to the biotic integrity of the Preserve, with unknown consequences to ecosystem dynamics and function. Moreover, patterns of non‐native abundance vary considerably, with different species responding individually to land‐use, environmental, and biotic gradients. An improved understanding of the relationship between non‐native species distributions and historical, environmental, and biotic factors can help in the development of ecologically appropriate, cost‐effective strategies for the conservation and restoration of this unique landscape.
Semi‐automated bathymetric spectral decomposition delineates the impact of mass wasting on the morphological evolution of the continental slope, offshore Israel
Authors: Gadol Omri , Tibor Gideon , ten Brink Uri , Hall John K. , Groves‐Gidney Gavrielle , Bar‐Am Gideon , Hübscher Christian , Makovsky Yizhaq 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding continental‐slope morphological evolution is essential for predicting basin deposition. However, separating the imprints and chronology of different seafloor shaping processes is difficult. This study explores the utility of bathymetric spectral decomposition for separating and characterizing the variety of interleaved seafloor imprints of mass wasting, and clarifying their role in the morphological evolution of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea passive‐margin slope. Bathymetric spectral decomposition, integrated with interpretation of seismic profiles, highlights the long‐term shape of the slope and separates the observed mass transport elements into several genetic groups: (1) a series of ~25 km wide, now‐buried slide scars and lobes; (2) slope‐parallel bathymetric scarps representing shallow faults; (3) slope‐perpendicular, open slope slide scars; (4) bathymetric roughness representing debris lobes; (5) slope‐confined gullies. Our results provide a multi‐scale view of the interplay between sediment transport, mass transport and shallow faulting in the evolution of the slope morphology. The base of the slope and focused disturbances are controlled by ~1 km deep salt retreat, and mimic the Messinian base of slope. The top of the open‐slope is delimited by faults, accommodating internal collapse of the margin. The now‐buried slides were slope‐confined and presumably cohesive, and mostly nucleated along the upper‐slope faults. Sediment accumulations, infilling the now‐buried scars, generated more recent open‐slope slides. These latter slides transported ~10 km3 of sediments, depositing a significant fraction (~3 m in average) of the sediments along the base of the studied slope during the past < 50 ka. South to north decrease in the volume of the open‐slope slides highlight their role in counterbalancing the northwards diminishing sediment supply and helping to maintain a long‐term steady‐state bathymetric profile. The latest phase slope‐confined gullies were presumably created by channelling of bottom currents into slide‐scar depressions, possibly establishing incipient canyon headword erosion.
Prospective comparison of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays for the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis
Authors: van Gorkom T , Voet W , Sankatsing S U C , Nijhuis C D M , ter Haak E , Kremer K , Thijsen S F T 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCommercial cellular tests are used to diagnose Lyme borreliosis (LB), but studies on their clinical validation are lacking. This study evaluated the utility of an in-house and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay for the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Prospectively, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients and controls and analysed using an in-house Borrelia ELISpot assay and the commercial LymeSpot assay. B. burgdorferi B31 whole cell lysate and a mixture of outer surface proteins were used to stimulate the PBMCs and the numbers of interferon-gamma-secreting T cells were measured. Results were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Eighteen active and 12 treated LNB patients, 10 healthy individuals treated for an early (mostly cutaneous) manifestation of LB in the past and 47 untreated healthy individuals were included. Both assays showed a poor diagnostic performance with sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values ranging from 44.4–66.7%, 42.0–72.5%, 21.8–33.3% and 80.5–87.0%, respectively. The LymeSpot assay performed equally poorly when the calculation method of the manufacturer was used. Both the in-house and the LymeSpot assay are unable to diagnose active LNB or to monitor antibiotic treatment success.
Fruit‐ and seed‐feeding habit of the crane fly Libnotes puella (Diptera: Limoniidae) in Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Tetsu Shintaro , Sueyoshi Masahiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough most crane fly larvae consume decaying plant materials and their associated microorganisms, all Libnotes species investigated so far are known to be xylophilous insects. Here we report the novel herbivorous feeding ecology of Libnotes puella. We found that L. puella larvae consumed the fruits or seeds of three unrelated plants, Mitrastemon yamamotoi (Mitrastemonaceae), Balanophora tobiracola (Balanophoraceae) and Barringtonia racemosa (Lecythidaceae). The larvae live within dense tubes formed by their feces fastened by their mucous excretions at the final stage, and they pupate within such tubes. This is the first detailed documentation of the fruit‐ and seed‐feeding habit of crane flies.
Tau deposition in young adults with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Authors: Smith Kelsey M. , Blessing Melissa M. , Parisi Joseph E. , Britton Jeffrey W. , Mandrekar Jay , Cascino Gregory D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of tau deposition and pathologic features of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in young adult patients treated with focal cortical resections for drug‐resistant epilepsy.MethodsSixty consecutive patients who had undergone surgical treatment for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy between 18 and 45 years of age were identified (2010‐2017). Medical records were reviewed to determine clinical factors, including history of head trauma, age at seizure onset, age at surgical resection, seizure type(s) and frequency, imaging findings, and surgical outcome. All formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded blocks from the surgical specimens from each subject were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and antibodies to tau (Thermo Fisher Scientific Clone AT8), and examined blindly for tau pathology, including lesions characteristic of CTE.ResultsThe median age at resection was 29.5 years (range = 19‐45). A history of head trauma was reported in 19 patients. Although none of the patients had pathological findings characteristic of CTE, 23 patients (38%) demonstrated tau‐immunoreactive lesions, including neurites, neurofibrillary pretangles, neurofibrillary tangles, subpial tau, and/or glial tau. In 4 of the 23 patients (7% of the cohort; 17% of those with tau pathology), substantial tau burden was identified. Three of these 4 patients had no significant history of head trauma; 1 patient had multiple sports‐related concussions. No specific clinical factors correlated with the presence of tau pathology.SignificanceTau‐immunoreactive lesions were found in 38% of 60 patients who underwent a focal cortical resection for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. Diagnostic features of CTE were not detected in any patient; however, the pathological evaluation for CTE was limited to a surgical specimen. The prominent and excessive tau deposition in 23 patients (38%) is abnormal in this age group and warrants further investigation.
Composition of the microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract of perch (Perca fluviatilis L. 1758) and cestodes parasitizing the perch digestive tract
Authors: Kashinskaya Elena N. , Simonov Evgeniy P. , Izvekova Galina I. , Parshukov Aleksey N. , Andree Karl B. , Solovyev Mikhail M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing the approach of sequencing the V3‐V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we have analysed the bacterial diversity associated with the distinct compartments of the gastrointestinal tract of perch (Perca fluviatilis) and cestodes (Proteocephalus sp.) parasitizing their digestive tract. The dominant microbiota associated with cestodes (Proteocephalus sp.) was represented by bacteria from the genera Serratia, Pseudomonas and Mycoplasma. By comparing the associated microbiota of perch and cestodes, a clear difference in bacterial composition and diversity was revealed between the community from the stomach content and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Microbiota associated with cestodes was not significantly different in comparison with microbiota of different subcompartments of perch (mucosa and content of intestine and pyloric caeca) (ADONIS, p > .05) excluding microbiota of stomach content (ADONIS, p ≤ .05). PICRUSt‐based functional assessments of the microbial communities of perch and cestodes indicated that they mainly linked in terms of metabolism and environmental information processing and could play an important role in the nutrition and health of host.
Standardized Brain MRI Acquisition Protocols Improve Statistical Power in Multicenter Quantitative Morphometry Studies
Authors: George Allan , Kuzniecky Ruben , Rusinek Henry , Pardoe Heath R. ,   for the Human Epilepsy Project Investigators
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIn this study, we used power analysis to calculate required sample sizes to detect group‐level changes in quantitative neuroanatomical estimates derived from MRI scans obtained from multiple imaging centers. Sample size estimates were derived from (i) standardized 3T image acquisition protocols and (ii) nonstandardized clinically acquired images obtained at both 1.5 and 3T as part of the multicenter Human Epilepsy Project. Sample size estimates were compared to assess the benefit of standardizing acquisition protocols.METHODSCortical thickness, hippocampal volume, and whole brain volume were estimated from whole brain T1‐weighted MRI scans processed using Freesurfer v6.0. Sample sizes required to detect a range of effect sizes were calculated using (i) standard t‐test based power analysis methods and (ii) a nonparametric bootstrap approach.RESULTSA total of 32 participants were included in our analyses, aged 29.9 ± 12.62 years. Standard deviation estimates were lower for all quantitative neuroanatomical metrics when assessed using standardized protocols. Required sample sizes per group to detect a given effect size were markedly reduced when using standardized protocols, particularly for cortical thickness changes <.2 mm and hippocampal volume changes <10%.CONCLUSIONSThe use of standardized protocols yielded up to a five‐fold reduction in required sample sizes to detect disease‐related neuroanatomical changes, and is particularly beneficial for detecting subtle effects. Standardizing image acquisition protocols across scanners prior to commencing a study is a valuable approach to increase the statistical power of multicenter MRI studies.
Effect of pond‐ or strip‐spawning on growth and carcass yield of channel catfish progeny, Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Bosworth Brian , Waldbieser Geoff , Garcia Andre , Lourenco Daniela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccurate, unbiased phenotypic performance of progeny is critical for the development of fish‐breeding programs, and identification of possible environmental factors affecting phenotypes is an important aspect of genetic analysis. Catfish progeny can be produced by either natural pond‐spawning or hormone‐induced strip‐spawning. We determined the effects of pond‐spawning versus strip‐spawning on fingerling weight, harvest weight, and carcass yield of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, progeny. Progeny from 65 pond‐spawned full‐sib families and 29 strip‐spawned full‐sib families were reared in separate family tanks, then tagged as fingerlings, and then stocked communally in earthen ponds and harvested at ~17 months posthatch. A sample of fish from each full‐sib family was measured for carcass yield. Fingerling weight was not affected by sex or spawning type. Harvest weight was higher for males than for females and higher for pond‐spawned fish than for strip‐spawned fish. Carcass yield was higher for females than for males and higher for pond‐spawned fish than for strip‐spawned fish. Results indicate that strip‐spawning had substantial negative effects on progeny harvest weight and carcass yield. Accounting for the effect of strip‐spawning in breeding programs and the potential effects of strip‐spawning on commercial catfish production should be determined.