bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Non-discrimination Law Change Hearts and Minds?
Authors: Böcker Anita 
Published: June 2020

Can Non-discrimination Law Change Hearts and Minds?
A question that has preoccupied sociolegal scholars for ages is whether law can change ‘hearts and minds’. This article explores whether non-discrimination law can create social change, and, more particularly, whether it can change attitudes and beliefs as well as external behaviour. The first part examines how sociolegal scholars have theorised about the possibility and desirability of using law as an instrument of social change. The second part discusses the findings of empirical research on the social working of various types of non-discrimination law. What conclusions can be drawn about the ability of non-discrimination law to create social change? What factors influence this ability? And can non-discrimination law change people’s hearts and minds as well as their behaviour? The research literature does not provide an unequivocal answer to the latter question. However, the overall picture emerging from the sociolegal literature is that law is generally more likely to bring about changes in external behaviour and that it can influence attitudes and beliefs only indirectly, by altering the situations in which attitudes and opinions are formed.
Sobre las élites y el poder de clase en "El balneario" (1986) y "El premio" (1996), de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
Authors: Fernández Cordero Carolina 
Published: June 2020

La clase dominante española de los 80, heredera del sistema social
tardofranquista, desinteresada en una transición real y reflejo de una España que
aún no había resuelto sus conflictos con la modernidad, encuentra en los 90 su
vía evolutiva hacia el capitalismo y la posmodernidad, lo que potencia la
inamovibilidad de su estatus social hegemónico.
El estudio de este desarrollo (o antidesarrollo) social es el que se muestra a
través de los ojos de Pepe Carvalho en los casos de "El balneario (1986) y "El premio"
(1996), paradigmas de un pensamiento político basado en el trasvase de poderes de
clase y la exclusión de las políticas de izquierdas en los años de la democracia
liberal.
El espejo empañado: Y Dios entró en La Habana, entre reportaje literario y remodelación autoficcional
Authors: Buschmann Albrecht 
Published: June 2020

En la primavera de 1998 Manuel Vázquez Montalbán se encontraba en La Habana, donde asistió a la visita del papa Juan Pablo II en la Cuba de Fidel Castro para cubrirla y comentarla en la prensa española. Poco después surgió de aquel material el volumen Y Dios entró en La Habana (Madrid 1998), el cual resulta difícil de describir tanto formalmente como en relación a su contenido: una parte de los textos se puede leer como un reportaje de viajes político sobre la situación de la isla tras los años de la gran crisis económica, otra como un ensayo político sobre los límites y las posibilidades de las utopías revolucionarias poco antes del fin del milenio y otra como una búsqueda autoficcional a través del narrador, quien va cuestionando sus proyecciones sobre Fidel Castro desde su propia juventud.
Este artículo se plantea, en primer lugar, cuestionar de forma crítica el volumen en su calidad de “testimonio” de un determinado momento histórico: ¿En qué medida logra el texto capturar una buena visión detallada del régimen castrista en aquella época y hasta qué punto es un documento de la búsqueda subjetiva de un intelectual español? Las preguntas clave serían las siguientes: ¿Qué imagen de Cuba surge del texto? ¿Cuál es el ideario político-utópico que se esconde tras las preguntas del narrador?
La obra analiza la obra en relación con otros textos diccionales o docuficcionales de Montalbán de los años 90 (Un polaco en la corte del Rey Juan Carlos, Panfleto desde el planeta de los simios, El escriba sentado, Marcos: el señor de los espejos) para mostrar con qué estrategias narrativas el autor se construyó como personaje entre el campo literario y el campo de poder y qué papel jugó en este contexto el espejo (¿empañado?) de Latinoamérica.
Palabras clave: ensayo político-literario; escritura autoficcional; pensamiento utópico; intelectualidad entre campo de poder y campo literario; Y Dios entró en La Habana
Keywords: political-literary essay; autofictional writing; utopian thinking; intellectuality between field of power and literary field; Y Dios entró en La Habana
Título en inglés: The Fogged Mirror: Y Dios entró en La Habana, between Literary Reportage and Autofictional Self-Invention
Assessment of Knowledge Co-production in Adaptation to Rainfall Variability in Kitui South Sub-county, Kenya
Authors: Mwatu Morris M. , Recha Charles W. , Ondimu Kennedy N. 
Published: June 2020

Aims: This study tried to investigate the extent of knowledge co-production between indigenous farmers and agricultural extension in dry lands.
Study Design: The study adopted survey research design where both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Kitui South sub-County in the semi-arid Southeastern Kenya. Data was collected between June 2019 and August 2019.
Methodology: An enumerator-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 311 household heads. Purposive and proportional sampling techniques were used to select households which participated in the study. Data was analyzed with the aid of SPSS Version 20. Percentages and proportions were used to establish instances of knowledge co-production between indigenous and modern scientific methods of farming.
Results: The study established that all households used both indigenous and scientific methods of farming except in irrigation and crop harvesting methods. The highest co-production was between use of locally preserved seeds and use of modern seasonal climate forecast (71.4%), use of traditional seasonal climate forecasts and use of modern seasonal climate (64.6%) as well as use of traditional crop storage and use modern seasonal climate forecast (59.2%). Seasonal climate forecasting was the leading corresponding method of knowledge co-production in the study area.
Conclusion: The study concludes that use of both indigenous and modern methods of farming can improve adaptation to rainfall variability. The study recommends access to adequate water to promote knowledge co-production on irrigation which was lacking yet very critical in dealing with rainfall variability in the study area.
Antenatal and Postnatal Care Practices among Indigenous People in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Dinajpur
Authors: Aktar Sumaia , Majumder U. K. , Khan Md. Salauddin 
Published: June 2020

Antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) contact have long been considered a critical component of the continuum of care for a pregnant mother along with the newborn child. The study aims to determine the influential factors related to the practice of antenatal and postnatal care amongst indigenous mothers of newborns and identifier associated with the ANC and PNC contacts for women in indigenous communities. This study was carried out purposefully selected six upazilas of Dinajpur district where most of the indigenous people live and respondents were 223 married women having at least one under-five children. Results found that the respondents had very poor knowledge about their maternal status and literacy. During the pregnancy period, 39.5% and 6.7% mothers had one and two-time miscarriage respectively. Only 43.9% indigenous pregnant mothers appointed to the health center during pregnancy, 27.8% appointed within three months, 13% went at the last stages of pregnancy and 10.3% felt no need to go there. In 69.1% cases delivery occurred at home by inexpert birth attendance. About 10.3% of deliveries, the placenta was removed manually during delivery. About 33% mothers and their husbands (34%) were found illiterate. The likelihood of mothers who received either antenatal care or postnatal care depended on husband’s education level. It was significantly lower for illiterate (OR=0. 247, 95% CI = 0.063-0.969) husband’s compared to a secondary and above level of educated husbands. Distant health service center (More than 2 km from home) was the lower chances (OR=0. 384, 95% CI = 0.152-0.970) for mothers being access to health care service centers compared to low distant centers (≤ 2 km from home). Also, the age of the mother (30+) was another factor that influenced the mothers for taking the service from hospitals or health centers during pregnancy. This study concludes that about one-third of the respondents of the community has access to health care services, which can be one of the most important factors in their poor health. Counseling and proper education can influence people to take antenatal care and visits to the health center to take postnatal care service further.
Regions and Sub-regions Dysfunctions in Alzheimer’s during Rest
Authors: Usha K. C. Usha , Suma Dr. H. N. 
Published: June 2020

Aims: Alterations in the cerebrum structurally and functionally are triggered largely due to an increase in neuro depressive brain disorders like Alzheimer’s. This study aims is to determine these alterations in the regions of the cerebrum which are significant and distinguishing in Alzheimer’s disease subjects compared to healthy. We employ the most potential resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) modality for this analysis.
Methodology: 24 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 25 Healthy Controlled (HC) subjects were evaluated with rs-fMRI which is more efficient in anticipating neuronal activity changes. Thus, obtained data of all subjects were preprocessed and components of larger networks to smaller regions were extracted by independent component analysis (ICA) method. Differences in resting-state connectivity were examined for 6 networks of interest viz., Auditory network, Central Executive network, Default mode network, Silence mode network, Sensory-motor network and Visual network and their regions, which are affected due to the common symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease-like memory, thinking and behavioral changes. Statistical analysis was done with one sample t-test to check the functional connectivity activations in Resting-State Networks (RSNs) and regions of both AD & HC groups at a threshold of T>2. Finally, to obtain the abnormal sub-regions in each of the RSNs of AD a two-sample t-test was carried out at a threshold of P < .03.
Results: Our method potentially identifies the functional connectivity alterations and core regions dysfunction amongst the major 6 RSNs in AD compared to HC subjects. The results also showed decreased connectivity in regions of sensory-motor and default mode networks increased connectivity in regions of central executive and silence mode network along with some of the sub-regions dysfunctions in AD.
Conclusion: Modifications in functional connectivity within the major RSNs and regions have been detected which serves as a capability to determine an early biomarker and examining the disease progression.
Imaging of Breast Cancer Associated with Pregnancy
Authors: Nishonova Yulduz , Juravlov Igor , Kurbanova Sevinch 
Published: June 2020

Aims: To analyze the application of mammography and ultrasound in breast cancer associated with pregnancy.
Study Design: Cohort Study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology between 2018 and 2019.
Methodology: A total of 30 consecutive patients with breast cancer pathologically diagnosed during pregnancy were included in this study. The ages of the patients ranged from 26 to 49 years. Both mammography and ultrasound were performed all 30 patients
Results: Mammography revealed positive findings in 24 (80,0%) of 30 patients, even though all 30 patients had dense breasts. Mammographic findings included masses without calcifications, masses with calcifications, calcifications with axillary lymphadenopathy, a mass with axillary lymphadenopathy, calcifications alone, asymmetric density alone and diffuse skin and trabecular thickening alone. Sonographic findings were positive and showed masses in 26 of 30 patients (86,7%). The common sonographic findings of masses were irregular shapes, irregular margins, mixed echo patterns and posterior acoustic enhancement.
Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and adequate therapeutic tactics will significantly improve the results of treatment of breast cancer that has developed against the background of pregnancy.
Multivalent Bacteria Binding by Flexible Polycationic Microsheets Matching Their Surface Charge Density
Authors: Ahmed Rameez , Vaishampayan Ankita , Cuellar‐Camacho Jose Luis , Wight Darren J. , Donskyi Ievgen , Unger Wolfgang , Grohmann Elisabeth , Haag Rainer , Wagner Olaf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAiming at the overall negative surface charge of bacteria, a new strategy of antibacterial agents based on large polymer‐modified graphene oxide (GO) sheets is assessed. The presented flexible, polycationic sheets match the size and charge density of the Escherichia coli surface charge density (2 × 1014 cm−2). These matching parameters create an unspecific but very strong bacteria adsorber by multivalent, electrostatic attraction. Their interaction with bacteria is visualized via atomic force and confocal microscopy and shows that they effectively bind and wrap around E. coli cells, and thereby immobilize them. The incubation of Gram‐negative and ‐positive bacteria (E. coli and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) with these polycationic sheets leads to the inhibition of proliferation and a reduction of the colony forming bacteria over time. This new type of antibacterial agent acts in a different mode of action than classical biocides and could potentially be employed in medicinal, technical, or agriculture applications. The presented microsheets and their unspecific binding of cell interfaces could further be employed as adsorber material for bacterial filtration or immobilization for imaging, analysis, or sensor technologies.
An Overview on the Advances of LiCoO2 Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lyu Yingchun , Wu Xia , Wang Kai , Feng Zhijie , Cheng Tao , Liu Yang , Wang Meng , Chen Riming , Xu Leimin , Zhou Jingjing , Lu Yuhao , Guo Bingkun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiCoO2, discovered as a lithium‐ion intercalation material in 1980 by Prof. John B. Goodenough, is still the dominant cathode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the portable electronics market due to its high compacted density, high energy density, excellent cycle life and reliability. In order to satisfy the increasing energy demand of portable electronics such as smartphones and laptops, the upper cutoff voltage of LiCoO2‐based batteries has been continuously raised for achieving higher energy density. However, several detrimental issues including surface degradation, damages induced by destructive phase transitions, and inhomogeneous reactions could emerge as charging to a high voltage (>4.2 V vs Li/Li+), which leads to the rapid decay of capacity, efficiency, and cycle life. In this review, the history and recent advances of LiCoO2 are introduced, and a significant section is dedicated to the fundamental failure mechanisms of LiCoO2 at high voltages (>4.2 V vs Li/Li+). Meanwhile, the modification strategies and the development of LiCoO2‐based LIBs in industry are also discussed.
Well‐Defined Nanostructures for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Xu Rui , Du Lei , Adekoya David , Zhang Gaixia , Zhang Shanqing , Sun Shuhui , Lei Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrochemical energy conversion and storage play crucial roles in meeting the increasing demand for renewable, portable, and affordable power supplies for society. The rapid development of nanostructured materials provides an alternative route by virtue of their unique and promising effects emerging at nanoscale. In addition to finding advanced materials, structure design and engineering of electrodes improves the electrochemical performance and the resultant commercial competitivity. Regarding the structural engineering, controlling the geometrical parameters (i.e., size, shape, hetero‐architecture, and spatial arrangement) of nanostructures and thus forming well‐defined nanostructure (WDN) electrodes have been the central aspects of investigations and practical applications. This review discusses the fundamental aspects and concept of WDNs for energy conversion and storage, with a strong emphasis on illuminating the relationship between the structural characteristics and the resultant electrochemical superiorities. Key strategies for actualizing well‐defined features in nanostructures are summarized. Electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis (for energy conversion) as well as metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors (for energy storage) are selected to illustrate the superiorities of WDNs in electrochemical reactions and charge carrier transportation. Finally, conclusions and perspectives regarding future research, development, and applications of WDNs are discussed.
Do we need to apply additional phosphorus for corn succeeding sugarbeet?
Authors: Chatterjee A. , Franzen D.W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSupply of adequate P is critical at the early growth stages of corn (Zea mays L.), particularly under a cold environment like the northern Great Plains. The mutualistic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and corn roots is responsible for supplying P. However, colonies of AMF drastically decline when corn follows a non‐host crop like sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) in rotation. Field experiments were conducted at two sites during 2018 and 2019 seasons to determine the corn grain yield response to six P management practices, (a) without P, (b) recommended P, (c) P2O5 at the rate of 112 kg ha−1, (d) starter at the rate of 13.7 kg P2O5 ha−1, (e) commercial mycorrhizal inoculant, and (f) starter and mycorrhizal inoculant. Corn grain yield did not respond to P application across 4 site‐years. Application of 112 kg P2O5 ha−1 had significantly higher grain yield (15.6 Mg ha−1) than mycorrhizal inoculant (13.5 Mg ha−1) only at one site in 2018. Lowest soil available P was observed with only mycorrhizal inoculant. For one site, AMF population was significantly reduced under without P (0.79 μmol kg−1 soil) than recommended P application (1.79 μmol kg−1 soil). Higher than recommendation P rate, commercial mycorrhizal inoculant and starter P did not increase grain yield over without P application.
Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of heat‐related illness (Heatstroke Study 2017–2018)
Authors: Shimazaki Junya , Hifumi Toru , Shimizu Keiki , Oda Yasutaka , Kanda Jun , Kondo Yutaka , Shiraishi Shinichiro , Takauji Shuhei , Hayashida Kei , Moriya Takashi , Yagi Masaharu , Yamaguchi Junko , Yokota Hiroyuki , Yokobori Shoji , Wakasugi Masahiro , Yaguchi Arino , Miyake Yasufumi 
Published: June 2020

AimHeat‐related illness is common, but its epidemiology and pathological mechanism remain unclear. The aim of this study was to report current clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of heat‐related illness in Japan.MethodsWe undertook a prospective multicenter observational study in Japan. Only hospitalized patients with heat‐related illness were enrolled from 1 July to 30 September 2017 and 1 July to 30 September 2018.ResultsA total of 763 patients were enrolled in the study. Median age was 68 years (interquartile range, 49–82 years) and median body temperature on admission was 38.2°C (interquartile range, 36.8–39.8°C). Non‐exertional cause was 56.9% and exertional cause was 40.0%. The hospital mortality was 4.6%. The median Japanese Association for Acute Medicine disseminated intravascular coagulation (JAAM DIC), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores on admission were 1 (0–2), 4 (2–6), and 13 (8–22), respectively. To predict hospital mortality, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.776 (JAAM DIC score), 0.825 (SOFA), and 0.878 (APACHE II). There were 632 cases defined as heatstroke by JAAM heat‐related illness criteria, 73 cases diagnosed as having DIC. A total of 16.6% patients had poor neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≥ 4) at hospital discharge. In the multivariate analysis, Glasgow Coma Scale and platelets were independent predictors of mortality. Type of heatstroke, Glasgow Coma Scale, and platelets were independent predictors of poor neurological outcome. Body temperature was not associated with mortality or poor neurological outcome.ConclusionsIn this study, hospital mortality of heat‐related illness was <5%, one‐sixth of the patients had poor neurological outcome. The APACHE II, SOFA, and JAAM DIC scores predicted hospital mortality. Body temperature was not associated with mortality or poor neurological outcome.
Hirsutanol A exhibits neuroprotective activities against sevoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity in aged rats
Authors: Zhou Hong‐She , Cao Shu‐Mei , Liao Hua‐Shan , Huo Hong‐Yan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe neurotoxicity of the inhaled anesthetic, sevoflurane, has been documented in a number of studies. In this study, we conducted experiments to investigate whether Hirsutanol A (HA), a sesquiterpene compound from the fungus, Chondrostereum sp., can provide protection from sevoflurane‐induced neurological toxicity in aged rats, and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. The cognitive dysfunction of rats following sevoflurane exposure was evaluated by behavioral tests. The neuronal cell survival was determined by Nissl staining. In addition, human neuroblastoma H4 cells were exposed to sevoflurane to establish an in vitro model. Apoptotic marker expression in hippocampal tissue was determined by western blotting. Cell apoptosis in vitro was also examined by TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The expression and translocation of Nrf2 were examined by both western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Our results show that HA significantly attenuated sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment in aged rats. In addition, HA treatment decreased sevoflurane‐induced neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and alleviated Aβ accumulation. Our results also show that the neuroprotective effect of HA is associated with the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Human neuroblastoma H4 cells were used as a model to examine the protective activity of HA against sevoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity. In addition, our results show that the inhibition of Nrf2 by a specific inhibitor or targeting siRNA significantly compromises the attenuating effect of HA on sevoflurane‐induced cell apoptosis and Aβ accumulation. Our results suggest that HA may function as a neuroprotective agent against sevoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity.