bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La comunidad y lo común: exploraciones y reflexiones para la Psicología Comunitaria
Authors: Martin María Pía , Gamonal Paris , Alfaro Jaime 
Published: January 2020

Este texto busca contribuir a la Psicología Comunitaria, presentando una reflexión respecto a las nociones de lo común y la comunidad. Primero se trazan lineamientos generales que pueden explicar el retorno de la pregunta por la comunidad. Luego, se describe el debate filosófico contemporáneo sobre las nociones de lo común y la comunidad. Por último, se exponen propuestas provenientes desde las Ciencias Sociales que erigen lo común como alternativa a la tensión entre Estado-Mercado. De igual forma se sugieren lugares de encuentro, diálogo y/o discusión – en términos teóricos-prácticos - que tienen las propuestas revisadas con la Psicología Comunitaria. Se busca contribuir a una aproximación que aborda la comunidad en el marco de una comprensión de lo común, buscando establecer implicancias reflexivas y de intervención desde la Psicología Comunitaria al resurgido debate sobre la comunidad y las nuevas formas que esta asume. Se concluye como necesario comprender la invocación a “lo común”, identificado como el principio dominante de la emergencia de nuevas formas de participación y organización ciudadana en las sociedades contemporáneas.

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The Community and the common: inquires and considerations for Community Psychology.

Abstract

This text seeks to contribute to Community Psychology, presenting a reflection on the notions of the common and the community. First, general guidelines are drawn that can explain the return of the questionby the community. Then, the contemporary philosophical debate on the notions of the common and the community is described. Finally, proposals from the Social Sciences that raise the common as an alternative to the tension between State-Market are exposed.In the same way, places of encounter, dialogue and / or discussion -in theoretical-practical terms - that have the revised proposals in relation with Community Psychology are suggested. It seeks to contribute to an approach that addresses the community in the framework of an understanding of the common, seeking to establish reflexive implications and intervention from Community Psychology to the resurgent debate on the community and the new forms it assumes. It is concluded as necessary to understand theinvocation to "the common", identified as the dominant principle of the emergence of new forms of citizen participation and organization in contemporary societies.

Keywords: Community, The Common, Community Psychology.
“Salta la garra blanca descontrolada”. Una aproximación a los discursos sobre violencia en hinchas de Colo-Colo / “Rampantly jumps the White Force” An approach to discourses on violence among Colo-Colo fans
Authors: León Nicolás 
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se presentan resultados parciales de una investigación de carácter etnográfico, que aborda la conflictividad y la violencia en el fútbol a partir del análisis de discursos que elaboran los hinchas de Colo-Colo que asisten regularmente al Estadio Monumental. Se identifican variadas prácticas de violencia asociadas a conflictos de intereses y problemas de convivencia, así como distintos significados acerca de lo que representa la violencia y quienes la ejercen.
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In this article, I introduce the outcomes of an ethnographic research that looks into football soccer's unrest and violence, from an analysis of the discourses on violence uttered by Colo-Colo supporters that regularly attend the Monumental Stadium. A heterogeneous variety of violence practices associated with conflicts of interest and cohabitation issues are identified, as well as different meanings about what violence represents and who are those that exercise it.
Keywords: football-soccer, discourses, social conflicts
Box-Behnken design for development and characterization of nanostructured chitosan-based nanoparticles containing sulfasalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ganesh Narayan Sharma  , Praveen Kumar Ch  , Birendra Shrivastava  , Kumar B  , Arindam Chatterjee  
Published: January 2020

The present research was designed to improve the permeability of sulfasalazine by loading it into chitosan nanoparticles using the ionic gelation method. The process parameters were screened and optimized through Box-Behnken design. 13 formulations containing sulfasalazine chitosan-based nanoparticles (SCSNPs) were optimized using particle size, zeta potential, and % encapsulation efficiency as responses. Results were optimized based on the desirability function shown in 2D contour plots and 3D response surface plots. The effect of every factor on responses was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and p-Value, and the correlation coefficient of all the responses was found to be >0.99 and >0.96 for optimized CSNPs and optimized SCSNPs respectively with p<0.05. From the predicted and observed values of responses, the optimized formulation (SCSNPs) has a particle size of 261±3.06 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency of 81.3±5.3%. Morphology of the particles using scanning electron microscopy reveals nearly spherical shaped particles with a zeta potential of +41.4±0.5 mV. In-vitro studies acknowledge that sulfasalazine was released in a sustained manner for about 24 hrs in simulated colonic fluid pH 7 and phosphate buffer pH 7.4, when compared to a simulated colonic fluid at fed (pH 6) and fasted state (pH 7.8). Optimized SCSNPs followed Korsmeyer Peppas kinetics with a drug release mechanism as non-fickian diffusion (anomalous transport).
Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Etkinlik Planlarında Aile Katılımı Boyutunun İncelenmesi
Authors: BARTAN Murat , AYDEMİR ÖZALP Tuğba 
Published: January 2020

Araştırmanın
amacı, okul öncesi öğretmenliği bölümü 4. Sınıf öğrencilerinin öğretmenlik
uygulaması dersi kapsamında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı 2013 Okul Öncesi Eğitim
Programı’na uygun olarak hazırladıkları etkinlik planlarındaki aile katılım
boyutunun incelenmesidir. Temel nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı
araştırmada veriler 8 gönüllü öğretmen adayının görüşme verileri ve 42 öğretmen
adayının 668 etkinlik planları yoluyla toplanmıştır. Veriler tematik analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma
sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının çoğunluğunun etkinlik planlarında aile katılımı
boyutuna yer vermedikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu adaylar, aile katılımına etkinlik
planlarında yer vermeme sebepleri olarak kendilerini aile katılımı etkinliği
planlama ve uygulama konusunda yetersiz hissetmeleri, okul yönetiminin aileler
ile öğretmen adaylarının birebir iletişim kurmasını istememeleri ve öğretim üyesinin
aile katılımı çalışması yapmasını istememeleri olarak belirtmişlerdir. Etkinlik
planlarında en çok okulda hedeflenen kazanımların pekiştirilmesine yönelik
etkinlik önerisinin planlandığı ve aile katılımına en çok bütünleştirilmiş
etkinliklerde yer verildiği görülmüştür. Öğretmen adayları öğretmenlik
uygulaması süresinin, etkinliği uygulama ve takibini yapma açısından yetersiz
olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COATINGS ON PRODUCTS MADE OF STEEL 09G2S, STEEL 3 AND STEEL 12H18N10T
Authors: Saraev Yuriy , Bezborodov Valeriy , Perovskaya Marina , Semenchuk Vyacheslav 
Published: January 2020

The investigation of the mode impact of electric arc surfacing with electrode EN-60M upon coating properties of non-alloy, low-alloy and alloy steels (steel 3, steel 09G2S, steel 12H18N10T) is carried out.
As a result of this there is studied the electric arc impact upon structure, physical stress-strain and operation properties of coatings built up with electrode EN-60M.
It is defined that the modification in progress with electric arc impact allows milling the structure formed of built up coatings and increasing its uniformity.
Stress-Rupture Characterization in Nickel-Based Superalloy Gas Turbine Engine Components
Authors: Pridemore Wesley D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article describes the visual, fractographic, and metallographic evidence typically encountered when analyzing stress rupture of turbine airfoils. Stress-rupture fractures are generally heavily oxidized, tend to be rough in texture, and are primarily intergranular and/or interdendritic in appearance compared to smoother, transgranular fatigue type fractures. Often, gross plastic yielding is visible on a macroscopic scale. Commonly observed microstructural characteristics include creep voiding along grain boundaries and/or interdendritic regions. Internal voids can also nucleate at carbides and other microconstituents, especially in single crystal castings that do not possess grain boundaries.
Failure Analysis of Induction Hardened Automotive Axles
Authors: Kendall Clarke C. , Halimunanda Don 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Rollover accidents in light trucks and cars involving an axle failure frequently raise the question of whether the axle broke causing the rollover or did the axle break as a result of the rollover. Axles in these vehicles are induction hardened medium carbon steel. Bearings ride directly on the axles. This article provides a fractography/fracture mechanic approach to making the determination of when the axle failed. Full scale tests on axle assemblies and suspensions provided data for fracture toughness in the induction hardened outer case on the axle. These tests also demonstrated that roller bearing indentions on the axle journal, cross pin indentation on the end of the axle, and axle bending can be accounted for by spring energy release following axle failure. Pre-existing cracks in the induction hardened axle are small and are often difficult to see without a microscope. The pre-existing crack morphology was intergranular fracture in the axles studied. An estimate of the force required to cause the axle fracture can be made using the measured crack size, fracture toughness determined from these tests, and linear elastic fracture mechanics. The axle can be reliably said to have failed prior to rollover if the estimated force for failure is equal to or less than forces imposed on the axle during events leading to the rollover.
Torsion Fatigue Failure of Bus Drive Shafts
Authors: Duffner D. H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High failure rates in the drive shafts of 40 newly acquired articulated buses was investigated. The drive shafts were fabricated from a low-carbon (0.45%) steel similar to AISI 5046. Investigators examined all 40 buses, discovering six different drive shaft designs across the fleet. All of the failures, a total of 14, were of the same type of design, which according to finite-element analysis, produces a significantly higher level of stress. SEM examination of the fracture surface of one of the failed drive shafts revealed fatigue striations near the OD and ductile dimpling near the ID, evidence of high-cycle fatigue. Based on the failure rate and fatigue life predictions, it was recommended to discontinue the use of drive shafts with the inferior design.
Failure Analysis of Transformer Brackets
Authors: Kurtz Melissa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Six transformer brackets failed in service, sending a group of three pole-mounted transformers to the ground below. The brackets were made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin and had been in service for more than 30 years. Remnants of the fractured brackets were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The exterior surfaces of all six brackets were alike and shared similar features, including witness marks, discoloration, mechanical deformation, and secondary cracking, along with crack networks. Both FTIR and TGA analyses indicated that the surface material was in a highly degraded state, likely due to weathering and thermal and ultraviolet exposure. This, in turn, led to the formation of cracks that propagated under the cyclic forces of vibration and wind. As the cracks grew larger, the weight of the transformer eventually overloaded the brackets, resulting in failure.
A Study of Premature Failure of Crusher Jaws
Authors: Olawale J.O. , Ibitoye S.A. , Shittu M.D. , Popoola A.P.I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this article, we report the outcome of an investigation made to uncover the premature fracture of crusher jaws produced in a local foundry. A crusher jaw that had failed while in service was studied through metallographic techniques to determine the cause of the failure. Our investigation revealed that the reason for the fracture was the presence of large carbides at the grain boundaries and in the grain matrix. This led to the formation of microcracks that propagated along the grain boundaries under in-service working forces. It is also believed that the precipitation of carbides at the grain boundaries may have occurred because of improper heat treatment, but not because of a deficiency in composition.
Failure of a Bucket-Wheel Stacker Reclaimer: Metallographic and Structural Analyses
Authors: Araujo L.S. , de Almeida L.H. , Batista E.M. , Landesmann A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The structural collapse of an iron-ore bucket-wheel stacker reclaimer at the beginning of operation was investigated by means of mechanical tests, microstructural characterization, and computational structural analysis. The mechanical failure was a consequence of a brittle fracture by cleavage. The crack followed the heat-affected zone of a welded joint connecting a rectangular hollow section member and a plate flange. The main factors contributing to failure were related with a combination of design-in and manufacturing-in factors like high load-strength ratio at the point of failure, local stress concentration as a result of geometry restrictions, and weld defects. This particular section was responsible for the load transfer between the front tie member and the boom extremity, and its failure was the main cause of the catastrophic failure of the equipment.
The Effects of Sulfide Inclusions on Mechanical Properties and Failures of Steel Components
Authors: Maciejewski Joseph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A number of failures involving carbon and alloy steels were analyzed to assess the effects of inclusions and their influence on mechanical properties. Inclusions, including brittle oxides and more ductile manganese sulfides (MnS), affect fatigue endurance limit, fatigue crack propagation rates, fracture toughness, notch toughness, and transverse tensile properties, and do so in an anisotropic manner with respect to rolling direction. Significant property anisotropy has been documented in the failures investigated, providing evidence that designers failed to account for it. Typical fracture morphologies observed in such cases and metallographic appearances of MnS-containing materials are illustrated.
Failure Analysis of Open End Wrenches Containing Forging Defects
Authors: Iwand Hans C. , Wagner Jacob A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A maintenance worker was injured when his 3/4 in. (19 mm) open-ended wrench failed, fracturing in overload fashion along the jaw. The failed wrench was unavailable for testing, but an identical one that failed in the same manner was acquired and subjected to hardness, chemistry, SEM, and metallurgical analyses. SEM imaging revealed microvoid coalescence within the fracture zone. The microvoids were flat and smooth edged indicating insufficient bonding. In addition, a cross sectional sample, mounted and etched using alkaline chromate, revealed an oxygen-rich zone in the jaw. It was concluded that the failures stemmed from forging laps in the jaw that broaching failed to remove.
Failure Analysis of Spline Shaft in Beco Lathe
Authors: Praveen Kumar V. , Kempulraj G. , Albert Shaju K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A heavy duty facing lathe failed when the tool post caught one of the jaws on the rotating chuck, causing the spline shaft that drives the main spindle to fracture. A detailed analysis of the fracture surfaces (including fractography, metallography, and analytical stress calculations) revealed areas of damage due to rubbing with evidence of cleavage fracture on the unaffected surfaces. The results of stress analysis indicated that repeated reversals of the spindle produced stresses exceeding the fatigue limit of the shaft material. These stresses led to the formation of microcracks in a retaining ring groove that were accelerated to sudden failure when the tool post and chuck collided.
Failure Analysis of Gearbox and Clutch Shaft from a Marine Engine
Authors: Hassan S. F. , Alam M. R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two shafts that transmit power from the engine to the propeller of a container ship failed after a short time in service. The shafts usually have a 25 year lifetime, but the two in question failed after only a few years. One of the shafts, which carries power from a gearbox to the propeller, is made of low alloy steel. The other shaft, part of a clutch mechanism that regulates the transmission of power from the engine to the gears, is made of carbon steel. Fracture surface examination of the gear shaft revealed circumferential ratchet marks with the presence of inward progressive beach marks, suggesting rotary-bending fatigue. The fracture surfaces on the clutch shaft exhibited a star-shaped pattern, suggesting that the failure was due to torsional overload which may have initiated at corrosion pits discovered during the examination. Based on the observations, it was concluded that rotational bending stresses caused the gear shaft to fail due to insufficient fatigue strength. This led to the torsional failure of the corroded clutch shaft, which was subjected to a sudden, high level load when the shaft connecting the gearbox to the propeller failed.
Failure Analysis of a Cam–Follower System Affected by a Crack
Authors: Tounsi M. , Abbes M.S. , Fakhfakh T. , Haddar M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cam crack failures are a common occurrence in cam-follower systems often caused by excessive loading or inappropriate operating conditions. An investigation into such a failure was conducted to assess the effect of cam crack damage on the dynamic behavior of cam-follower systems. It was shown both theoretically and experimentally that a cracked cam causes an overall reduction in stiffness. To further probe the effect, investigators derived an analytical formula expressing the time varying stiffness of a cam-follower system. They also succeeded in quantifying the relationship between crack size and stiffness, showing that cracks have an amplitude modulating effect.
Cervical Stent Failure Analysis
Authors: Reitz Wayne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Both rods in a Harrington rod cervical stent failed after a short time in service. Metallurgical analysis revealed a significant number of notches as well as enlarged grain size in one of the two rods, rough shallow-cracked surfaces along the bend profiles, possible signs of corrosion, and fractures (on both rods) near indentations imparted by retaining clamps. The observations suggest that surface roughness and bending defects initiated cracking that led to the fatigue failure of the compromised rod, followed some time later by the overload fracture of the second rod.
Failure Analysis of a Drilling Wire Rope
Authors: Moradi S. , Ranjbar K. , Makvandi H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A wire hoisting rope on a drilling rig failed during a lift, after a few cycles of operation, causing extensive damage to support structures. The failure investigation that followed included mechanical property testing and chemical, metallurgical, and finite element analysis. The rope was made from multiple strands of 1095 steel wire. Its chemical composition, ferrite-pearlite structure, and high hardness indicate that the wire is a type of extra improved plow steel (EEIPS grade). The morphologies of the fracture surfaces suggest that the wires were subjected to tensile overloading. This was confirmed by finite element analysis, which also revealed compressive contact stresses between the wires and between the rope and sheave surface. Based on the results, it was concluded that a tensile overload, due to the combined effect of a sudden load and undersized sheave, is what ultimately caused the rope to fail.
Failure Analysis of Two Stainless Steel Based Components Used in an Oil Refinery
Authors: Barbosa Cássio , do Nascimento Jôneo Lopes , Fernandes José Luiz , de Cerqueira Abud Ibrahim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The shafts on two centrifugal pumps failed during use in a petroleum refinery. Light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the damaged materials to determine the cause of failure. The results showed that one shaft, made of duplex stainless steel, failed by fatigue fracture, and the other, made of 316 austenitic stainless steel, experienced a similar fracture, which was promoted by the presence of nonmetallic inclusion particles.
Caustic Corrosion Failure of Back Wall Riser Tube in a High-Pressure Boiler
Authors: Mobin M. , Malik A. U. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A back wall riser tube in a high pressure boiler failed, interrupting operations in a cogeneration plant. The failure occurred in a tube facing the furnace, causing eight ruptured openings over a 1.8 m section. The investigation consisted of an on-site visual inspection, nondestructive testing, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The tube was made from SA 210A1 carbon steel that had been compromised by wall thinning and the accumulation of fire and water-side scale deposits. Investigators determined that the tube failed due to prolonged caustic attack that led to ruptures in areas of high stress. The escaping steam eroded the outer surface of the tube causing heavy loss of metal around the rupture points.
Hot Cracking in Inductively Bent Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
Authors: Neidel Andreas , Riesenbeck Susanne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Stainless steel pipe (273-mm OD x 8-mm wall thickness) used in the fabrication of large manifolds developed crack-like decohesions during a routine inductive bending procedure. The imperfections, which were found near the outside diameter, were around 3 mm in length oriented in the circumferential direction and penetrated nearly 2 mm into the pipe wall. The pipes were made of titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2. Six hypotheses were considered during the investigation, which ultimately concluded that the failure was caused by liquation cracking due to overheating.
Brittle Cracking of a Cylindrical Spiral Gear of Axle Gearbox
Authors: Gao Yu-zhou , Xu Xiao-lei , Yu Zhi-wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A cylindrical spiral gear, part of a locomotive axle assembly, cracked ten days after it had been press-fit onto a shaft, after which it sat in place as other repairs were made. Workers at the locomotive shop reported hearing a sound, and upon inspecting the gear, found a crack extending radially from the bore to the surface of one of the tooth flanks. The crack runs the entire width of the bore, passing through an oil hole in the hub, across the spoke plate and out to the tip of one of the teeth. Design requirements call for the gear teeth to be carburized, while the remaining surfaces, protected by an anti-carburizing coating, stay unchanged. Based on extensive testing, including metallographic examination, microstructural analysis, microhardness testing, and spectroscopy, the oil hole was not protected as required, evidenced by the presence of a case layer. This oversight combined with the observation of intergranular fracture surfaces and the presence of secondary microcracks in the case layer point to hydrogen embrittlement as the primary cause of failure. It is likely that hydrogen absorption occurred during the gas carburizing process.