bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Serum Levels of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-10, and Tumor Necrosis-Alpha and their Relationship With The Total Body Surface Area in Children
Authors: Sobouti Behnam , Ghavami Yaser , Asadifar Behnam , Jafarzadeh Mehrzad , Ghelman Mohsen , Vaghardoost Reza 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere are few studies on the inflammatory processes and the role of cytokines involved in pediatric burn injuries. The present study aims to measure the serum levels of cytokines and their relationship with the degree of burn injury in children. Within the 48 hours of hospitalization, the serum samples were obtained to measure inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10 [IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]). The level of all of these cytokine factors was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The mean levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α was 18.15 ± 4.77 pg/ml, 59.54 ± 4.59 pg/ml, 8.41 ± 2.09 pg/ml, and 1.48 ± 0.15 pg/ml, respectively, which were higher than the normal range designated for the healthy pediatrics age group. The levels of TNF-α were higher in patients with sepsis (P = .03) and deceased patients (P = .001). There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of IL-8 in patients with second- (.001) and third-degree (.001) burn injuries in comparison to the first-degree burn injuries, and the level of IL-8 was statistically significantly higher in patients with electrical burn injuries in comparison to scald burn injuries (.01). IL-10 was statistically significantly higher in patients with contact burn injuries in comparison to scald (.001) and flame (.03) burn injuries. Cytokine levels in pediatric burn patients increased after severe burn injuries. There was a significant correlation between the levels of IL-8 and the degree of burn injuries.
Competition, land prices and city size
Authors: Kichko Sergey 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Larger cities typically give rise to two opposite effects: tougher competition among firms and higher production costs. Using an urban model with substitutability of production factors and pro-competitive effects, I study product market responses to an increase in city population, land-use regulations and commuting costs. I show that those responses depend on the land intensity in production. If the input share of land is low, a larger city attracts more firms setting lower prices, whereas for an intermediate land share, city expansion increases both the mass of firms and product prices. For a high land share, the mass of firms decreases with city size while product price increases. Softer land-use regulations and/or lower commuting costs reinforce pro-competitive effects, making city residents better-off via lower product prices and broader diversity.
First report of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in fish
Authors: de Souza Suguiura Igor Massahiro , Macagnan Rafaela , Omori Aline Myuki , Buck Elder Luis , Scarpassa Josiane Aniele , Pretto-Giordano Lucienne Garcia , Vilas-Boas Laurival Antônio , de Camargo Zoilo Pires , Itano Eiko Nakagawa , Ono Mario Augusto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a deep mycosis endemic in Latin American countries that affects mainly male rural workers. Infection by P. brasiliensis has also been reported in several species of terrestrial animals; however, the capacity of the fungus to infect aquatic organisms is poorly known. The aim of this study was to detect P. brasiliensis in a fish species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), the most farmed and widely distributed fish in endemic areas for human PCM in Brazil. As a first step, the humoral immune response against the fungus was evaluated in an experimental group of three fish immunized with inactivated P. brasiliensis yeast cells. For the seroepidemiological study, serum samples of Nile tilapia raised in cages (n = 109) and in ponds (n = 105), collected from a fish slaughterhouse, were analyzed for P. brasiliensis antibodies by ELISA using gp43 as antigen. All the inoculated fish produced antibodies against the fungus. The seropositivity observed in fish raised in cages and ponds was 17.4 and 5.7%, respectively. Due to the higher seropositivity observed in caged fish, 100 tissue samples (encephalon, liver, and kidney), from another group of tilapia raised in cages, were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR; Pb-ITSR and Pb-ITSE). Three tissue samples (liver n = 1, kidney n = 1, and enchepahlon n = 1) from three different fish resulted positive to PCR. This is the first report to show serological and molecular evidence of P. brasiliensis infection in a fish species.
An interview with Feng Shao and Weihong Tan: chemistry intertwines with biology and medicine
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Professor Feng Shao at National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing is a well-known immunologist. He has made a series of fundamental contributions to the fields of pathogen-host interactions and innate immune response mechanisms. Professor Weihong Tan at Hunan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University is a world-renowned scholar in bioanalytical chemistry and chemical biology. He developed a number of chemical tools that expended the extent of molecular medicine and may turn into useful clinical diagnosis and treatment tools. In May 2019, National Science Review (NSR) had an interview with Professors Feng Shao and Weihong Tan. The two scientists, both trained at University of Michigan for their PhD study, have different research directions, but share the same basic scientific vision: to solve human health-related fundamental problems by illuminating and making use of the underlying molecular mechanisms. They also share similar opinions on biomedical research methods and scientific career development.
A Framework for Inclusive Graduate Medical Education Recruitment Strategies: Meeting the ACGME Standard for a Diverse and Inclusive Workforce
Authors: Gonzaga Alda Maria R. , Appiah-Pippim James , Onumah Chavon M. , Yialamas Maria A. 
Published: November 2019

To help address health care disparities and promote higher-quality, culturally sensitive care in the United States, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and other governing bodies propose cultivating a more diverse physician workforce. In addition, improved training and patient outcomes have been demonstrated for diverse care teams. However, prioritizing graduate medical education (GME) diversity and inclusion efforts can be challenging and unidimensional diversity initiatives typically result in failure.
Little literature exists regarding actionable steps to promote diversity in GME. Building on existing literature and the authors’ experiences at different institutions, the authors propose a 5-point inclusive recruitment framework for diversifying GME training programs. This article details each of the 5 steps of the framework, which begins with strong institutional support by setting diversity as a priority. Forming a cycle, the other 4 steps are seeking out candidates, implementing inclusive recruitment practices, investing in trainee success, and building the pipeline. Practical strategies for each step and recommendations for measurable outcomes for continued support for this work are provided. The proposed framework may better equip colleagues and leaders in academic medicine to prioritize and effectively promote diversity and inclusion in GME at their respective institutions.
Keratinocyte Carcinoma Mortality in the United States as Reported in Death Certificates, 2011–2017
Authors: Misitzis Angelica , Beatson Meghan , Weinstock Martin A. 
Published: November 2019

BACKROUND
Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) mortality is relatively modest and its measures are subject to considerable error. Deaths due to KC have been decreasing through 2000 and were relatively stable until 2010.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the KC mortality rates (MRs) from 2011 to 2017 in USA based on death certificates.

METHODS
A population-based analysis of Center of Disease Control and Prevention data. Main outcomes and measures were the age-adjusted (US 2000 standard population) MRs.

RESULTS
Overall, KC MRs increased significantly (b = 0.04, p < .01). For the period studied, KC MR was 1.24 per 100,000 persons per year (0.62 for sun-exposed sites, 0.38 for genital and 0.23 for perianal sites). At sun-exposed genital and perianal anatomic sites, KC MRs have been increasing in whites, but not in blacks.

CONCLUSION
There was a 17% decrease in the KC MRs until 2000, followed by an increase of 44% through 2017. The accuracy of KC MRs is uncertain. If indeed the increase in mortality is verified, causes may include an increase in KC incidence, an increase of immunosuppressed populations, and changes in the cause of death documentation.
A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes Associated With Intrahospital Transitions
Authors: Bristol Alycia A. , Schneider Catherine E. , Lin Shih-Yin , Brody Abraham A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Previous transitional care research has focused on transitions occurring between community and hospital settings. Little is known regarding intrahospital transitions and how they affect care quality. A systematic review was therefore conducted to synthesize the literature regarding clinical outcomes associated with intrahospital transitions. Literature published between January 2003 and December 2018 and indexed in Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO were reviewed using PRISMA guidelines. Articles were limited to English language and peer-reviewed. Articles were excluded if they focused on transitions occurring from or to the hospital, discharge/discharge planning, or postdischarge follow-up. Data abstraction included study characteristics, sample characteristics, and reported clinical outcomes. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, primarily using cross-sectional, cohort, or retrospective chart review quantitative designs. Data were analyzed and synthesized based on outcomes reported. Major outcomes emerging from the articles included delirium, hospital length of stay, mortality, and adverse events. Delirium, hospital length of stay, and morbidity and mortality rates were associated with delayed transfers and transfers to inappropriate units. In addition, increased fall risk and infection rates were associated with higher rates of transfer. Intrahospital transitions represent critical periods of time where the quality of care being provided may be diminished, negatively affecting patient safety and outcomes.
Educational characteristics and content of postgraduate nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs
Authors: Kesten Karen S. , El-Banna Majeda M. , Blakely Jessica 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nurse practitioner (NP) residency/fellowship programs are an emerging industry across the country.

Purpose:
This study aimed to conduct an in-depth exploration about postgraduate NP residency/fellowship programs in the United States and to gain an understanding of program characteristics, educational content, and implementation methods to assist NPs to transition to practice.

Methods:
This exploratory study used a quantitative design to conduct an online survey of program directors of NP residency/fellowship programs to collect data about program characteristics to assist graduates to transition to practice. Descriptive statistics were calculated for continuous variables, whereas frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables.

Results:
Nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs lack consistency in standards for educational content and delivery methods. Only 26% of the programs were accredited, and the programs were not consistently based on nationally recognized competencies. Ninety percent of the programs relied on didactic and clinical supervision delivery methods. More than 90% of the residents/fellows cared for adults older than 65 years of age and managed chronic diseases. Family Nurse Practitioner was the most commonly cited population track offered (73%). Nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs are sparsely offered in the most rural states with underserved populations.

Implications for practice:
This study provides data and insight into the emerging industry of postgraduate NP residency/training programs for educators and employers. In addition, it informs regulators and decision makers about the quality and consistency of programs and the impact of programs on the care delivered by new graduate NPs.
Neurosyphilis complicated with pial arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Xu Lingmei , Han Fugang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Neurosyphilis is a chronic, infectious disease of the central nervous system. Pial arteriovenous fistulae (PAVF) are rare vascular malformations. Both can cause vascular damage, but it is quite rare for both to present at the same time.

Patient concerns:
Here we present a 66-year-old man with affective disorder, hypomnesia, and recent convulsions. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral swelling, hyperintensity in the cortex/subcortex, and multiple lacunar cerebral infarctions. Computed tomography angiography revealed the presence of a pial arteriovenous fistula.

Diagnoses:
Based on laboratory tests and imaging, diagnoses of neurosyphilis and pial arteriovenous fistula were made.

Interventions:
Antisyphilis therapy was provided.

Outcomes:
Symptoms improved and antisyphilis treatment continued as an outpatient. No intracranial hemorrhage was seen 6 months later.

Conclusion:

Treponema pallidum infection may be related to the formation of PAVF, and may also promote the progression of it; however, further work is required to confirm this.
Phlegmonous gastritis in a patient with mixed-phenotype acute leukemia in the neutropenia phase during chemotherapy
Authors: Shi Dayu , He Jinde , Lv Meng , Liu Rui , Zhao Ting , Jiang Qian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Phlegmonous gastritis is a rare bacterial infection of the gastric wall with high mortality. However, diagnosis of phlegmonous gastritis is difficult and standard treatment remains unestablished.

Patient concerns:
We report a 33-year-old male patient with mixed-phenotype acute leukemia who developed acute phlegmonous gastritis during the neutropenia phase on induction chemotherapy and was successfully treated.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with phlegmonous gastritis, which might be caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia on the basis of clinical manifestation, physical examination, enhanced computed tomography scan, histological finding, and microorganism culture of biopsied specimen in endoscopy.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with gastrointestinal decompression and broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Outcomes:
He recovered from phlegmonous gastritis and received the 2nd cycle of chemotherapy with no complaint of abdominal discomfort.

Lessons:
Early recognition and proper management including broad-spectrum antibiotics are key approaches to phlegmonous gastritis.
The transjugular approach is a safe and effective alternative for performing portal vein embolization
Authors: Jiang Ming-Shan , Luo Xue-Feng , wang Zhu , Li Xiao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the novel technique, transjugular portal vein embolization (TPVE).
A single-center retrospective review of 18 patients (12 males and 6 females; mean age, 62 years) who underwent TPVE between January 2012 and January 2013 was conducted. The technical success rate, future liver remnant (FLR) volume, total liver volume (TLV) and FLR/TLV ratio after PVE were analyzed. Liver function, including total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR), was assessed before and after PVE. Any complications of TPVE and liver resection after TPVE were recorded.
TPVE was performed on 18 patients before right hepatic resection for both primary and secondary hepatic malignancies (10 hepatocellular carcinomas, 4 cases of colorectal liver metastasis, and 4 cholangiocarcinomas). Technical success was achieved in 100% of patients (18 of 18). The mean FRL significantly increased to 580 ± 155 mL (P < .001) after PVE. The mean FLR/TLV ratio (%) significantly increased to 34 ± 4 (P < .001) after PVE. One patient suffered septicemia after TPVE. A small number patients experienced mild to moderate abdominal pain during TPVE. No other major complications occurred after TPVE in our study. The patient who developed septicemia died 3 days after the surgery as a result of this complication and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
Transjugular portal vein embolization is a safe, efficacious, and promising novel technique to induce hypertrophy of the FLR.
Protocol for an observational study evaluating new approaches to modelling diagnostic information from large administrative hospital datasets
Authors: Cowling Thomas E , Cromwell David A , Sharples Linda D , van der Meulen Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Charlson and Elixhauser indices define sets of conditions used to adjust for patients’ comorbidities in administrative hospital data. A strength of these indices is the parsimony that results from including only 19 and 30 conditions respectively, but the conditions included may not be the ones most relevant to a specific outcome and population. Our objectives are to: (1) test an approach to developing parsimonious indices for the specific outcome and populations being studied, while comparing performance to the Charlson and Elixhauser indices; and (2) evaluate several approaches that involve models with more diagnosis-related terms and aim to improve prediction performance by capturing more of the information in large datasets.Methods and analysisThis is a modelling study using a linked national dataset of administrative hospital records and death records. The study populations are patients admitted to hospital for acute myocardial infarction, hip fracture, or major surgery for colorectal cancer in England between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017. The outcome is death within 365 days of the date of admission (acute myocardial infarction and hip fracture) or procedure (colorectal surgery). In the ‘First analysis’, prognostic indices will be developed based on the presence/absence of individual ICD-10 codes in patients’ medical histories. Logistic regression will be used to estimate associations with a full set of sociodemographic and diagnostic predictors from which reduced models (with fewer diagnostic predictors) will be produced using a step-down approach. In the ‘Second analysis’, models will also account for the timing that each ICD-10 code was last recorded and allow for non-linear relationships and interactions between conditions and the timings of records. Validation will include an overall measure of performance (scaled Brier score) and measures of discrimination (c-statistic) and calibration (such as the Integrated Calibration Index) in bootstrap or cross-validation samples. Sensitivity analyses will include varying the length of medical history analysed, using a comparator that combines the Charlson and Elixhauser sets of conditions, and aggregating ICD-10 codes into clinical groups.
Transcription imparts architecture, function, and logic to enhancer units
Authors: Tippens Nathaniel D , Liang Jin , Leung King Y , Ozer Abdullah , Booth James G , Lis John T , Yu Haiyuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDistal enhancers remain one of the least understood regulatory elements with pivotal roles in development and disease. We used massively parallel reporter assays to perform functional comparisons of two leading enhancer models and find that gene-distal transcription start sites (TSSs) are robust predictors of enhancer activity with higher resolution and specificity than histone modifications. We show that active enhancer units are precisely delineated by active TSSs, validate that these boundaries are sufficient to capture enhancer function, and confirm that core promoter sequences are required for this activity. Finally, we assay pairs of adjacent units and find that their cumulative activity is best predicted by the strongest unit within the pair. Synthetic fusions of enhancer units demonstrate that adjacency imposes winner-takes-all logic, revealing a simple design for a maximum-activity filter of enhancer unit outputs. Together, our results define fundamental enhancer units and a principle of non-cooperativity between adjacent units.
Analysis of genomic-length HBV sequences to determine genotype and subgenotype reference sequences
Authors: McNaughton Anna L , Revill Peter , Littlejohn Margaret , Matthews Philippa C , Ansari M Azim 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a diverse, partially double-stranded DNA virus, with 9 genotypes (A-I), and a putative 10th genotype (J), thus far characterised. Given the broadening interest in HBV sequencing, there is an increasing requirement for a consistent, unified approach to HBV genotype and subgenotype classification. We set out to generate an updated resource of reference sequences using the diversity of all genomic-length HBV sequences available in public databases. We collated and aligned genomic-length HBV sequences from public databases and used maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis to identify genotype clusters. Within each genotype, we examined the phylogenetic support for currently defined subgenotypes, as well as identifying well-supported clades and deriving reference sequences for them. An alignment of these reference sequences and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees of the sequences are provided to simplify classification. Based on the phylogenies generated, we present a comprehensive set of HBV reference sequences at the genotype and subgenotype level.
A process-based metacommunity framework linking local and regional scale community ecology
Authors: Thompson Patrick L. , Guzman Laura Melissa , De Meester Luc , Horváth Zsófia , Ptacnik Robert , Vanschoenwinkel Bram , Viana Duarte S. , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe metacommunity concept has the potential to integrate local and regional dynamics within a general community ecology framework. To this end, the concept must move beyond the discrete archetypes that have largely defined it (e.g. neutral vs. species sorting) and better incorporate local scale species interactions and coexistence mechanisms. Here, we present a fundamental reconception of the framework that explicitly links local coexistence theory to the spatial processes inherent to metacommunity theory, allowing for a continuous range of competitive community dynamics. These dynamics emerge from the three underlying processes that shape ecological communities: 1) density-independent responses to abiotic conditions, 2) density-dependent biotic interactions, and 3) dispersal. Stochasticity is incorporated in the demographic realization of each of these processes. We formalize this framework using a simulation model that explores a wide range of competitive metacommunity dynamics by varying the strength of the underlying processes. Using this model and framework, we show how existing theories, including the traditional metacommunity archetypes, are linked by this common set of processes. We then use the model to generate new hypotheses about how the three processes combine to interactively shape diversity, functioning, and stability within metacommunities.Statement of authorshipThis project was conceived at the sTURN working group, of which all authors are members. PLT developed the framework and model with input from all authors. PLT wrote the model code. PLT and LMG performed the simulations. PLT produced the figures and wrote the first draft with input from LMG and JMC. All authors provided feedback and edits on several versions of the manuscript.Data accessibilityAll code for running the simulation model and producing the figures is archived on Zenodo -https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3833035.