bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury-Preventive Training Programs Among Female Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Tanaka Miho J. , Jones Lynne C. , Forman Jared M. 
Published: March 2020

ContextNeuromuscular training programs can reduce the rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, particularly in female athletes.ObjectiveTo assess the awareness of, experience with, and factors associated with participation in preventive training programs (PTPs) among female collegiate athletes and their knowledge of ACL injuries.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports programs.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 440 female NCAA athletes (age = 20 ± 1 years) representing 20 sports during the 2017–2018 academic year.Main Outcome Measure(s)We used a 12-item survey to collect data on each participant's age, sport, position, college, NCAA division, and awareness of and experience with PTPs. We performed descriptive statistics and used odds ratios (ORs) to assess relationships between demographic data and awareness of or interest in PTPs.ResultsOf the 440 respondents, 85% (n = 373) knew that female athletes were at higher risk for sustaining ACL injuries than male athletes, and 89% (n = 391) knew that ACL injuries were preventable. Thirty-three percent (n = 143) were familiar with the concept of ACL PTPs. Only 15% (n = 64) had ever performed PTPs, but 89% (n = 391) reported they would perform a daily PTP if it could prevent ACL injuries. Fifty-two of the 64 respondents (81%) who had performed PTPs said athletic trainers or coaches oversaw the PTPs. Participants were more likely to be familiar with ACL PTPs if they (OR = 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0, 5.8) or a teammate (OR = 4.6; 95% CI = 2.1, 9.8) had sustained an ACL injury. Respondents were more willing to perform PTPs if they (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 0.80, 6.6) or a teammate (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.8, 6.6) had sustained an ACL injury.ConclusionsAlthough 89% of respondents expressed interest in performing daily ACL PTPs, only 15% had performed such programs, and only 33% were familiar with the concept of ACL PTPs.
The Release of Desire: Three Levels of Spatial Expression of Beam in Modern and Contemporary Reinforced Concrete Architecture
Authors: Liu Yang 
Published: March 2020

In contemporary context the discipline gap between Structural Engineering and Architecture to some extent leads to the loss of the spatial expression desire of structural members. Two conditions are presented in a large number of common contemporary building projects: Rough - lacking the architectural perspective control over the scale and layout of structural members, Absence - hiding the beams with decorative elements such as suspended ceiling. Actually, as one of the most important structural members in a building, the beam has great potential for spatial expression. Since the beam plays an increasingly more important role, three progressive levels could be characterized: spatial scenery - as the fifth elevation, spatial prop - participating in the generation of form, spatial protagonist - leading the order of spatial tectonic. According to the above three levels, classification and analysis to several modern and contemporary buildings, especially several reinforced concrete buildings of the 1960s and 1970s, may be helpful in exploring the methodology against these two above trends of contemporary construction Industry.
Les Étoiles de Givors de Jean Renaudie (1974-81): la utopía social en hormigón
Authors: MORENO MARIA PURA MORENO , BLAIN CATHERINE 
Published: March 2020

La arquitectura de Jean Renaudie (1925-1981) responde al contexto político-social de la Francia de la segunda mitad del s.XX. Su desarrollo, primero en el Atelier Montrouge y después en solitario, se enmarca en la crítica que la generación de jóvenes arquitectos y urbanistas realizaba de los postulados de la Carta de Atenas. La evaluación, desde el punto de vista social, de los resultados de aquellos principios funcionalistas, sugirieron a los nuevos profesionales la modificación de las configuraciones arquitectónicas y urbanas. Conceptos como identidad, asociación, movilidad y crecimiento, expuestos por los miembros del Team X en el X Congreso del CIAM en Dubrovnik (1956), se experimentaban gracias a la expansión constructiva hacia las periferias de la ciudad. En esta comunicación analizaremos la influencia que la construcción en hormigón armado tuvo en la arquitectura de los complejos de vivienda social de Jean Renaudie, atendiendo principalmente al proyecto Les Étoiles de Givors (1974-1981). Un conjunto urbano que recogió tanto experiencias constructoras anteriores -Ivry-sur-Seine- como propuestas teóricas de ciudades vacacionales o de nueva planta -Gigaro o Vaudreuil-. El objetivo será demostrar que la combinación del empleo del hormigón in-situ en un orden estructural sujeto a reglas geométricas, junto al diseño exclusivo de piezas prefabricadas de hormigón para las fachadas no portantes, fueron en sinergia capaces de aportar una anhelada diversidad que avalaba su discurso referido a la lógica de la complejidad.
Response of global evaporation to major climate modes in historical and future Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulations
Authors: Le Thanh , Bae Deg-Hyo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Climate extremes, such as floods and droughts, might have
severe economic and societal impacts. Given the high costs associated with
these events, developing early-warning systems is of high priority.
Evaporation, which is driven by around 50 % of solar energy absorbed at
surface of the Earth, is an important indicator of the global water budget,
monsoon precipitation, drought monitoring and the hydrological cycle. Here we
investigate the response of global evaporation to main modes of interannual
climate variability, including the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the North
Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
These climate modes may have an influence on temperature, precipitation, soil
moisture and wind speed and are likely to have impacts on global evaporation.
We utilized data of historical simulations and RCP8.5 (representative concentration pathway) future simulations
derived from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Our
results indicate that ENSO is an important driver of evaporation for many
regions, especially the tropical Pacific. The significant IOD influence on
evaporation is limited in western tropical Indian Ocean, while NAO is more
likely to have impacts on evaporation of the North Atlantic European areas.
There is high agreement between models in simulating the effects of climate
modes on evaporation of these regions. Land evaporation is found to be less
sensitive to considered climate modes compared to oceanic evaporation. The
spatial influence of major climate modes on global evaporation is slightly
more significant for NAO and the IOD and slightly less significant for
ENSO in the 1906–2000 period compared to the 2006–2100 period. This study
allows us to obtain insight about the predictability of evaporation and
hence, may improve the early-warning systems of climate extremes and water
resource management.
Politics of Succession in Nollywood Films, Saworoide and Ikoka
Authors: Omoera Osakue S. , Anyanwu Chukwuma 
Published: March 2020

Employing the media representation theory, this article uses the historical-analytic, key informant interview (KII) and observation methods to interrogate the issue of politics of succession in Nigeria as portrayed in Saworoide (1999, dir. Tunde Kelani) and Ikoka (2004, dir. Peddie Okao). Apart from highlighting the kind of challenges which politics evokes in the country and the possible ways of remediating them in a contemporary context, the study argues that Nollywood filmmakers have good reasons for shying away from politics, as interesting as it may be; it creates discomfort for governments as well as for the filmmakers. The former on account of their allergy to the truth and the latter on the likelihood of their works being confiscated, banned or even risk to life. The conclusion reached is that filmmakers who engage politics in their creative works deserve encouragement because growing societies such as Nigeria, are in dire need of spokesmen and women, who as change agents, can engender positive and developmental agendas in their ecosystems.
Competing Models of Journalism? Anglo-American and European Reporting in the Information Age
Authors: Williams Kevin 
Published: March 2020

Anglo-American values and methods dominate our understanding of contemporary journalism. European journalism is seen as gradually importing Anglo-American practice, style and form in the twentieth century. The European model of journalism is portrayed as regressive, resistant to giving up the old ways – a model of how not to practice the profession. This article examines the features that distinguish the European model, including the close relationship with the political world, the focus on commentary, interpretation and advocacy and the commitment to ‘literary’ writing. It argues that in spite of the differences in how journalism is practiced in various European countries it is possible to identify a form of journalism, which is more literary, political and intellectual in its approach. The distinctiveness of this approach is being eroded with the incorporation of Anglo-American values and practices into education programmes, the commercialisation of the industry and the process of globalisation. However, the extent of which journalism in Europe is replicating the Anglo-American model is open to question. The European tradition remains firmly entrenched, especially in some countries such as France, Italy and Spain. It is also argued that the European model is becoming more relevant in the attempt of the profession to adjust to the complexities and changes of the information age.
Revegetation pattern affecting accumulation of organic carbon and total nitrogen in reclaimed mine soils
Authors: Zhang Ping Ping , Zhang Yan Le , Jia Jun Chao , Cui Yong Xing , Wang Xia , Zhang Xing Chang , Wang Yun Qiang 
Published: March 2020

Selecting optimal revegetation patterns, i.e., patterns that are more effective for soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) accumulation, is particularly important for mine land reclamation. However, there have been few evaluations of the effects of different revegetation patterns on the SOC and TN in reclaimed mine soils on the Loess Plateau, China. In this study, the SOC and TN stocks were investigated at reclaimed mine sites (RMSs), including artificially revegetated sites (ARSs) (arbors (Ar), bushes (Bu), arbor-bush mixtures (AB), and grasslands (Gr)) and a natural recovery site (NRS), as well as at undisturbed native sites (UNSs). Overall, the SOC and TN stocks in the RMSs were lower than those in the UNSs over 10–13 years after reclamation. The SOC stocks in the RMSs and UNSs only differed in the top 0–20 cm of the soil (p < 0.05). Except for those in Ar, the SOC and TN stocks in the ARSs were significantly larger than those in the NRS (p < 0.05). Compared with those in the NRS, the total SOC stocks in the 100 cm soil interval increased by 51.4%, 59.9%, and 109.9% for Bu, AB, and Gr, respectively, and the TN stocks increased by 33.1%, 35.1%, and 57.9%. The SOC stocks in the 0–100 cm soil interval decreased in the order of Gr (3.78 kg m−2) > AB (2.88 kg m−2) ≥ Bu (2.72 kg m−2), and the TN stocks exhibited a similar trend. These results suggest that grasslands were more favorable than woodlands for SOC and TN accumulation in this arid area. Thus, in terms of the accumulation of SOC and TN, grassland planting is recommended as a revegetation pattern for areas with reclaimed mine soils.
Reliability of the velocity achieved during the last repetition of sets to failure and its association with the velocity of the 1-repetition maximum
Authors: García-Ramos Amador , Janicijevic Danica , González-Hernández Jorge M. , Keogh Justin W.L. , Weakley Jonathon 
Published: March 2020

Background
This study aimed to determine the reliability of the velocity achieved during the last repetition of sets to failure (Vlast) and the association of Vlast with the velocity of the 1-repetition maximum (V1RM) during the paused and touch-and-go bench press (BP) exercises performed in a Smith machine.

Methods
A total of 96 healthy men participated in this study that consisted of two testing sessions. A single BP variant (paused BP or touch-and-go BP) was evaluated on each session in a randomized order. Each session consisted of an incremental loading test until reaching the 1RM, followed by two sets of repetitions to failure against a load ranging from 75% to 90% of 1RM.

Results
The reliability of Vlast was unacceptable for both BP variants (CV > 18.3%, ICC < 0.60). The correlations between V1RM and Vlast were small for the paused BP (r = 0.18) and moderate for the touch-and-go BP (r = 0.37).

Conclusions
Although these results suggest that Vlast could be a better indicator of the minimal velocity threshold than V1RM, the low reliability of Vlast and the similar values of Vlast for both BP variants suggest that a standard V1RM should be used to estimate the 1RM from the individualized load-velocity relationship.
Interfacial and Electronic Modulation via Localized Sulfurization for Boosting Lithium Storage Kinetics
Authors: Ruan Tingting , Wang Bo , Yang Yubo , Zhang Xu , Song Rensheng , Ning Yu , Wang Zhenbo , Yu Haijun , Zhou Yu , Wang Dianlong , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStructural modulation endows electrochemical hybrids with promising energy storage properties owing to their adjustable interfacial and/or electronic characteristics. For MXene‐based materials, however, the facile but effective strategies for tuning their structural properties at nanoscale are still lacking. Herein, 3D crumpled S‐functionalized Ti3C2Tx substrate is rationally integrated with Fe3O4/FeS heterostructures via coprecipitation and subsequent partial sulfurization to induce a highly active and stable electrode architecture. The unique heterostructures with tuned electronic properties can induce improved kinetics and structural stability. The surface engineering by S terminations on the MXene further unlocks extra (pseudo)capacitive lithium storage. Serving as anode for lithium storage, the optimized electrode delivers an excellent long‐term cycling stability (913.9 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1) and superior rate capability (490.4 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1). Moreover, the (de)lithiation pathways associated with energy storage mechanisms are further revealed by operando X‐ray diffraction, in situ electroanalytical techniques, and first‐principles calculations. The hybrid electrode is proved to undergo stepwise phase transformations during discharging but a relatively uniform reconversion during charging, suggesting an asymmetric conversion mechanism. This work provides a novel strategy for designing high‐performance hybrids and paves the way for in‐depth understanding of complex lithium intercalation and conversion reactions.
Scattering Mechanisms and Compositional Optimization of High‐Performance Elemental Te as a Thermoelectric Material
Authors: Wu Yehao , Zhang Qi , Liu Feng , Fang Teng , Zhu Tiejun , Zhao Xinbing 
Published: March 2020

Abstractp‐Type elemental tellurium (Te) has been found to be a promising thermoelectric (TE) material due to its high band degeneracy near the valence band maximum, and has exhibited a high zT ≈ 1.0 above 600 K. However, when forming Te1−xSex solid solutions, the maximal zTs are reduced because of the severely decreased carrier concentration. It is demonstrated that Se alloying is beneficial for enhancing TE performance of elemental Te provided the carrier concentration is optimized. Through Se alloying, the lattice thermal conductivity is remarkably suppressed by the induced large mass and strain field fluctuation, while the power factor can be maintained at a relatively high value as a result of the moderate alloying scattering potential, the unchanged density‐of‐state effective mass, and the optimized carrier concentration in Te1−xSex alloys. Notably, a positive temperature dependence of carrier mobility is observed near room temperature in Te1−xSex, which is proven to be caused by grain boundary scattering. A maximal zT ≈ 1.05 at 625 K is realized in Te0.93Se0.04As0.03 alloys, about 9% higher than the Se‐free Te. The conversion efficiency between 300 and 625 K is also improved ≈18% via Se alloying.
Metal‐Organic Framework Integrated Anodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuksel Recep , Buyukcakir Onur , Seong Won Kyung , Ruoff Rodney S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractZinc‐based batteries have a high capacity and are safe, cost‐effective, environmentally‐friendly, and capable of scalable production. However, dendrite formation and poor reversibility hinder their performance. Metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based Zn anodes are made by wet chemistry to address these issues. These MOF‐based anodes exhibit high efficiency during Zn plating‐stripping and prevent dendrite formation, as shown by ex situ SEM analysis. The practicality of the MOF‐based anodes is demonstrated in aqueous Zn ion batteries, which show improved performance including specific capacity, cycle life, and safety relative to the pristine Zn anode due to their hydrophilic and porous surface. These results, along with the easy scalability of the process, demonstrate the high potential of MOF‐modified Zn anodes for use in dendrite‐free, higher‐performance, Zn‐based energy storage systems.
Agronomic and economic impacts of cover crops in Texas rolling plains cotton
Authors: DeLaune Paul B. , Mubvumba P. , Fan Y. , Bevers S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCover crops have been proposed as a resource that could enhance the effect of no‐till (NT) cropping systems. Crop yield limitations due to cover crops in the U.S. Great Plains are a concern to potential adopters. This research determined the impact of cover crops on crop yield and economic return compared with conventional practices in dryland systems of the Texas Rolling Plains. The study conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Chillicothe Research Station evaluated the following treatments: (a) conventional till (CT); (b) NT, and NT with the following cover crops; (c) Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.); (d) hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.); (e) crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.); (f) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); and (g) a multi‐species mixture. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields, expenses, and returns were determined over a 4‐yr period (2013–2016). Cover crops increased total seed costs compared to CT and NT. Hairy vetch and the multi‐species mixture increased total expenses over CT and NT. However, no significant treatment effect was determined for crop yield or net return among treatments. A multi‐species mixture did not provide an agronomic or economic advantage compared to single species cover crop approaches. Under dryland conditions in the Texas Rolling Plains, these selected cover crops maintained cotton yields without negatively affecting net returns. Other ecosystem services should be considered prior to implementing cover crops in studied cropping systems. Site‐specific research is warranted in regions of the southern Great Plains where water may be more limited than the Texas Rolling Plains.
Narrow rows and high maize plant population improve water use and grain yield under conservation agriculture
Authors: Haarhoff Stephanus J. , Swanepoel Pieter A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe relationship between maize (Zea mays L.) population density and grain yield is influenced by soil and crop management strategies, including Conservation Agriculture (CA). However, little is known about the response of maize grain yield to varying plant population and/or row spacing under CA. A 3‐yr study was conducted under CA to evaluate the effects of plant population and row spacing on maize grain yield, plant available soil water, and soil temperature. Plant populations ranging from 40,000 to 80,000 plants ha−1 were evaluated at three row spacings (0.5, 0.76, and 1.0 m). The response of maize grain yield to plant population was highly variable between seasons: it was not affected by plant population in the season with the highest early season rainfall but increased with increasing plant population in the driest season and in the season with well‐distributed, near average rainfall. Higher plant populations resulted in lower soil water levels, presumably due to greater water extraction. Plant population affected soil water availability in the 20‐ to 80‐cm soil layer in Season 2, while plant population affected soil water availability at all soil layers except the 10‐ to 20‐ and 60‐ to 80‐cm soil layers in Season 3. Rapid maize leaf‐canopy closure provided by increased plant population and narrower row spacing is critical to adequately utilize the benefits associated with CA.
Evaluation of eastern gamagrass and a sorghum × sudangrass for summer pasture
Authors: Keyser Patrick D. , Lituma Christopher M. , Bates Gary E. , Holcomb Elizabeth D. , Waller John C. , Griffith Andrew P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImproved summer forage production is important in forage systems dominated by cool‐season perennial grasses. Improved forage may be especially important for heifer [Bos taurus (L)] development. Therefore, we compared two summer forage options, a perennial, eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.], and a widely used summer annual, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] × sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan] hybrid, as options for providing summer pasture for bred heifers (418 ± 31 kg initial body mass). We used put‐and‐take grazing (i.e., routine adjustment of stocking to maintain target canopy conditions) to evaluate pasture characteristics, animal performance, and pasture productivity, 2013–2015. Crude protein of eastern gamagrass (EG) exceeded (P = 0.01) that of the sorghum × sudangrass hybrid (SXS), but FM, ADF, and NDF were all similar between the two forage types. Although SXS provided greater ADG (P = 0.03) in two of three years, EG provided twice as many AD ha−1 (P = 0.03) and consequently, greater (P < .001) GAIN in two of three years. Calving rates (89%) did not differ between the two forages. Increased N rates (67 vs.137 kg ha−1 N) did not alter EG pasture characteristics but appeared to improve GAIN (279 and 355 kg ha−1, respectively). Cost of gain was greater for SXS in 2014 and 2015 ($1.71 and $1.64 kg−1) than for EG ($0.62 and $0.62 kg−1). Both EG and SXS could be useful for providing summer forage for bred heifers.
An aerosol reactor for the controlled synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst particles
Authors: Bukhovko Maxim P. , Hanna Brian S. , Kucharski Timothy J. , Ostraat Michele L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCommercialized catalysts are often needed in multiton quantities for industrial deployment. Although scalable, manufacturing methods to produce catalysts at quantity often produce materials with an ensemble of physical and chemical characteristics. This work explores an aerosol reactor to synthesize homogeneous, uniform catalyst materials in order to develop correlations between key chemical and physical characteristics and their resulting catalytic performance. With these insights, we optimize reactor processing conditions to engineer particles with the desired physical and chemical characteristics to produce enhanced performance catalysts. Control over several process parameters, including reactor residence time, temperature, precursor type, and precursor composition, allows for the rational determination of key physical and chemical characteristics on the resulting catalyst materials and enables process optimization to engineer catalysts with enhanced performance. To demonstrate the methodology, the aerosol reactor was used to synthesize and optimize WO
x catalyst materials for the isomerization and metathesis of a 2‐butene feed into propylene.