bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh Infrared Photoresponse in Titanium Sesquioxide at Mott‐Insulator Transition
Authors: Nandi Sukanta , Tripathi Rahul , Adhikary Gobinda Das , Kumar Pramod , Misra Abha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn ultrahigh infrared (IR) photoresponse is reported in granular titanium sesquioxide (Ti2O3), also known as Mott insulator, at its semiconductor−metal transition temperature of 400 K. Ultrahigh photoresponse is obtained due to the IR radiation induced thermal expansion in Ti‐Ti bonding causing a destabilization and depopulation of the band in its metallic state. Moreover, a high voltage responsivity of 1379 V W−1 is achieved, which is significantly higher than any report so far. Both in situ Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction measurements reveal an important insight beyond the semiconductor−metal transition in Ti2O3. Moreover, this study opens avenues to evaluate unprecedented properties of Mott insulators in their transition states.
Creation of Hierarchical Titanosilicate TS‐1 Zeolites
Authors: Bai Risheng , Song Yue , Bai Ruobing , Yu Jihong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHierarchical TS‐1 zeolites that possess at least two levels of porosities have aroused growing interest in the past years. The enhanced mass transfer efficiency and increased accessibility of Ti active sites in the hierarchical TS‐1 zeolites greatly improve the catalytic performance by overcoming the steric and diffusional problems. In this review, recent important progress in the construction of hierarchical TS‐1 zeolites is presented, including mesoporogen, mesoporogen‐free, and demetallization strategies. Effective characterization methods for the Ti species and the hierarchical zeolite structures are described. The impacts of hierarchical structures on the creation of active Ti species and improvement of catalytic performances in the oxidative desulfurization and epoxidation reactions are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future development perspectives for preparing hierarchical TS‐1 zeolite catalysts are addressed.
Fabrication and Magnetic Actuation of 3D‐Microprinted Multifunctional Hybrid Microstructures
Authors: Vieille Victor , Pétrot Roxane , Stéphan Olivier , Delattre Guillaume , Marchi Florence , Verdier Marc , Cugat Orphée , Devillers Thibaut 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOnly achievable with two photons’ polymerization, 3D printing at the micrometer scale is essential for the fabrication of complex objects such as photonic components, deformable microstructures, or microscaffolds for biological cells. Integrating magnetic materials inside those structures has made their remote actuation with an external magnetic field possible. However, the nature of the magnetic material, its volume, and precise position in the structure are keys for the efficiency, dexterity, and compatibility with optical or biological functions. Herein, an original approach consisting in the bonding of discrete and fully magnetic microbeads to unaffected 3D‐microprinted structures is presented. Implemented in combination with the fine control of optical and mechanical properties allowed by the careful design of the 3D architecture, it is applied to the fabrication of the first remotely tunable biconvex microlens (focal length of 18 µm). Combined with the additional precise positioning and magnetic orientation of multiple microbeads, the presented technique enables the fabrication of complex actuators such as a 100 µm microtweezer that can be translated, rotated, and opened with a single variable external magnetic field. The dexterity of this untethered micromanipulator is demonstrated through a pick‐and‐place operation of 40 µm objects in a confined environment.
Seeing is Believing: In Situ/Operando Optical Microscopy for Probing Electrochemical Energy Systems
Authors: Chen Binbin , Zhang Hao , Xuan Jin , Offer Gregory J. , Wang Huizhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis review discusses a range of in situ/operando techniques based on optical microscopy reported in literatures for studying electrochemical energy systems. Compared to other techniques (scanning probe microscopy, electron microscopy, X‐ray microscopy), optical microscopy offers many advantages including the simplicity of the instrument and operation, cost effectiveness, and nondestructive nature. In the past few decades, significant advances in the field of optical microscopy have been made, enabling new opportunities of more elaborate studies on electrochemical energy systems. Herein, different methodologies are compared, with the emphasis on experimental setup designs and findings, to illustrate their aptness.
Graphene‐Like Carbon Film Wrapped Tin (II) Sulfide Nanosheet Arrays on Porous Carbon Fibers with Enhanced Electrochemical Kinetics as High‐Performance Li and Na Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Cui Zhe , He Shu‐Ang , Liu Qian , Guan Guoqiang , Zhang Wenlong , Xu Chaoting , Zhu Jinqi , Feng Ping , Hu Junqing , Zou Rujia , Zhu Meifang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSnS, is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs), however, undergoes poor cyclic lifespan due to its huge volume changes and bad electroconductivity. Here, a modified CVD method is used to directly grow graphene‐like carbon film on the surface of SnS nanosheet arrays which are supported by Co‐, N‐modified porous carbon fibers (CCF@SnS@G). In the strategy, the SnS nanosheet arrays confined into the integrated carbon matrix containing porous carbon fibers and graphene‐like carbon film, perform a greatly improved electrochemical performance. In situ TEM experiments reveal that the vertical graphene‐like carbon film can not only protect the SnS nanosheet from destruction well and enhance the conductivity, but also transforms SnS nanosheet into ultrafine nanoparticles to promote the electrochemical kinetics. Systematic electrochemical investigations exhibit that the CCF@SnS@G electrode delivers a stable reversible capacity of 529 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 5 A g−1 for LIBs and 541.4 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 for SIBs, suggesting its good potential for anode electrodes.
Phylogeny and multiple independent whole‐genome duplication events in the Brassicales
Authors: Mabry Makenzie E. , Brose Julia M. , Blischak Paul D. , Sutherland Brittany , Dismukes Wade T. , Bottoms Christopher A. , Edger Patrick P. , Washburn Jacob D. , An Hong , Hall Jocelyn C. , McKain Michael R. , Al‐Shehbaz Ihsan , Barker Michael S. , Schranz M. Eric , Conant Gavin C. , Pires J. Chris 
Published: August 2020

PremiseWhole‐genome duplications (WGDs) are prevalent throughout the evolutionary history of plants. For example, dozens of WGDs have been phylogenetically localized across the order Brassicales, specifically, within the family Brassicaceae. A WGD event has also been identified in the Cleomaceae, the sister family to Brassicaceae, yet its placement, as well as that of WGDs in other families in the order, remains unclear.MethodsPhylo‐transcriptomic data were generated and used to infer a nuclear phylogeny for 74 Brassicales taxa. Genome survey sequencing was also performed on 66 of those taxa to infer a chloroplast phylogeny. These phylogenies were used to assess and confirm relationships among the major families of the Brassicales and within Brassicaceae. Multiple WGD inference methods were then used to assess the placement of WGDs on the nuclear phylogeny.ResultsWell‐supported chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies for the Brassicales and the putative placement of the Cleomaceae‐specific WGD event Th‐ɑ are presented. This work also provides evidence for previously hypothesized WGDs, including a well‐supported event shared by at least two members of the Resedaceae family, and a possible event within the Capparaceae.ConclusionsPhylogenetics and the placement of WGDs within highly polyploid lineages continues to be a major challenge. This study adds to the conversation on WGD inference difficulties by demonstrating that sampling is especially important for WGD identification and phylogenetic placement. Given its economic importance and genomic resources, the Brassicales continues to be an ideal group for assessing WGD inference methods.
Lymphocyte predominant cells of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma interact with rosetting T cells in an immunological synapse
Authors: Bein Julia , Thurner Lorenz , Hansmann Martin‐Leo , Hartmann Sylvia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma with a preserved B‐cell phenotype and follicular T helper (TFH) cells rosetting around the tumor cells, the lymphocyte‐predominant (LP) cells. As we recently described reactivity of the B‐cell receptors of LP cells of some NLPHL cases with Moraxella spp. proteins, we hypothesized that LP cells could present peptides to rosetting T cells in a major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)‐bound manner. Rosetting PD1+ T cells were present in the majority of NLPHL cases, both in typical (17/20) and variant patterns (16/19). In most cases, T‐cell rosettes were CD69+ (typical NLPHL, 17/20; NLPHL variant, 14/19). Furthermore, both MHCII alpha and beta chains were expressed in the LP cells in 23/39 NLPHL. Proximity ligation assay and confocal laser imaging demonstrated interaction of the MHCII beta chain expressed by the LP cells and the T‐cell receptor alpha chain expressed by rosetting T cells. We thus conclude that rosetting T cells in NLPHL express markers that are encountered after antigenic exposure, that MHCII is expressed by the LP cells, and that LP cells interact with rosetting T cells in an immunological synapse in a subset of cases. As they likely receive growth stimulatory signals in this way, blockade of this interaction, for example, by PD1‐directed checkpoint inhibitors, could be a treatment option in a subset of cases in the future.
Vestibular and audiological findings in the Alport syndrome
Authors: Barozzi Stefania , Soi Daniela , Intieri Elisabetta , Giani Marisa , Aldè Mirko , Tonon Eleonora , Signorini Lia , Renieri Alessandra , Fallerini Chiara , Perin Paola , Montini Giovanni , Ambrosetti Umberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlport syndrome (AS) is caused by mutations in collagen IV, which is widespread in the basement membranes of many organs, including the kidneys, eyes, and ears. Whereas the effects of collagen IV changes in the cochlea are well known, no changes have been described in the posterior labyrinth. The aim of this study was to investigate both the auditory and the vestibular function of a group of individuals with AS. Seventeen patients, aged 9–52, underwent audiological tests including pure‐tone and speech audiometry, immittance test and otoacoustic emissions and vestibular tests including video head impulse test, rotatory test, and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Hearing loss affected 25% of the males and 27.3% of the females with X‐linked AS. It was sensorineural with a cochlear localization and a variable severity. 50% of the males and 45.4% of the females had a hearing impairment in the high‐frequency range. Otoacoustic emissions were absent in about one‐third of the individuals. A peripheral vestibular dysfunction was present in 75% of the males and 45.4% of the females, with no complaints of vertigo or dizziness. The vestibular impairment was compensated and the vestibulo‐ocular reflex asymmetry was more evident in rotatory tests carried out at lower than higher speeds; a vestibular hypofunction was present in all hearing impaired ears although it was also found in subjects with normal hearing. A posterior labyrinth injury should be hypothesized in AS even when the patient does not manifest hearing disorders or evident signs of renal failure.
A Voltage‐Responsive Synthetic Cl−‐Channel Regulated by pH
Authors: Zheng Shao‐Ping , Jiang Ji‐Jun , van der Lee Arie , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTransmembrane protein channels are an important inspiration for the design of artificial ion channels. Their dipolar structure helps overcome the high energy barrier to selectively translocate water and ions sharing one pathway, across the cell membrane. Herein, we report that the amino‐imidazole (Imu) amphiphiles self‐assemble via multiple H‐bonding to form stable artificial Cl−‐channels within lipid bilayers. The alignment of water/Cl− wires influences the conduction of ions, envisioned to diffuse along the hydrophilic pathways; at acidic pH, Cl−/H+ symport conducts along a partly protonated channel, while at basic pH, higher Cl−/OH− antiport translocate through a neutral channel configuration, which can be greatly activated by applying strong electric field. This voltage/pH regulated channel system represents an unexplored alternative for ion‐pumping along artificial ion‐channels, parallel to that of biology.
Autocatalytic Formation of High‐Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Broge Nils L. N. , Bondesgaard Martin , Søndergaard‐Pedersen Frederik , Roelsgaard Martin , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles hold great promise as tunable catalysts. Despite the fact that alloy formation is typically difficult in oxygen‐rich environments, we found that Pt‐Ir‐Pd‐Rh‐Ru nanoparticles can be synthesized under benign low‐temperature solvothermal conditions. In situ X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy reveal the solvothermal formation mechanism of Pt‐Ir‐Pd‐Rh‐Ru nanoparticles. For the individual metal acetylacetonate precursors, formation of single metal nanoparticles takes place at temperatures spanning from ca. 150 °C for Pd to ca. 350 °C for Ir. However, for the mixture, homogenous Pt‐Ir‐Pd‐Rh‐Ru HEA nanoparticles can be obtained around 200 °C due to autocatalyzed metal reduction at the (111) facets of the forming crystallites. The autocatalytic formation mechanism suggests that many types of HEA nanocatalysts should accessible with scalable solvothermal reactions, thereby providing broad availability and tunability.
Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Zou Rong , Xu Fenfen , Wang Yuezhu , Duan Mengmeng , Guo Min , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Hongyang , Zheng Huajun 
Published: August 2020

Alterations in the gut microbiota may influence gastrointestinal (GI) dysbiosis frequently reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota between 48 children with ASD and 48 healthy children in China. At the phylum level, the number of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia decreased in children with ASD, while the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes was significantly higher in autistic children due to enrichment of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the amount of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, and Megamonas increased, while Clostridium XlVa, Eisenbergiella, Clostridium IV, Flavonifractor, Escherichia/Shigella, Haemophilus, Akkermansia, and Dialister decreased in children with ASD relative to the controls. Significant increase was observed in the number of species synthesizing branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), like Bacteroides vulgatus and Prevotella copri, while the numbers of Bacteroides fragilis and Akkermansia muciniphila decreased in children with ASD compared to the controls. Most importantly, the highest levels of pathogenic bacteria were different for each child with ASD in this cohort. We found that only one functional module, cellular antigens, was enriched in children with ASD, and other pathways like lysine degradation and tryptophan metabolism were significantly decreased in children with ASD. These findings provide further evidence of altered gut microbiota in Chinese ASD children and may contribute to the treatment of patients with ASD.Lay SummaryThis study characterized the gut bacteria composition of 48 children with ASD and 48 neurotypical children in China. The metabolic disruptions caused by altered gut microbiota may contribute significantly to the neurological pathophysiology of ASD, including significant increases in the number of species synthesizing BCAAs, and decreases in the number of probiotic species. These findings suggest that a gut microbiome‐associated therapeutic intervention may provide a novel strategy for treating GI symptoms frequently seen in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1614–1625. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show Impairments During Dynamic Versus Static Grip‐force Tracking
Authors: Lidstone Daniel E. , Miah Faria Z. , Poston Brach , Beasley Julie F. , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Dufek Janet S. 
Published: August 2020

Impairments in visuomotor integration (VMI) may contribute to anomalous development of motor, as well as social‐communicative, skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is relatively unknown whether VMI impairments are specific to children with ASD versus children with other neurodevelopmental disorders. As such, this study addressed the hypothesis that children with ASD, but not those in other clinical control groups, would show greater deficits in high‐VMI dynamic grip‐force tracking versus low‐VMI static presentation. Seventy‐nine children, aged 7–17 years, participated: 22 children with ASD, 17 children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), 18 children with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and 22 typically developing (TD) children. Two grip‐force tracking conditions were examined: (1) a low‐VMI condition (static visual target) and (2) a high‐VMI condition (dynamic visual target). Low‐frequency force oscillations <0.5 Hz during the visuomotor task were also examined. Two‐way ANCOVAs were used to examine group x VMI and group x frequency effects (α = 0.05). Children with ASD showed a difficulty, above that seen in the ADHD/FASD groups, tracking dynamic, but not static, visual stimuli as compared to TD children. Low‐frequency force oscillations <0.25 Hz were also significantly greater in the ASD versus the TD group. This study is the first to report VMI deficits during dynamic versus static grip‐force tracking and increased proportion of force oscillations <0.25 Hz during visuomotor tracking in the ASD versus TD group. Dynamic VMI impairments may be a core psychophysiologic feature that could contribute to impaired development of motor and social‐communicative skills in ASD.Lay SummaryChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties using dynamic visual stimuli to guide their own movements compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. It is unknown whether children without a diagnosis of ASD, but with other neurological disorders, show similar difficulties processing dynamic visual stimuli. In this study, we showed that children with ASD show a difficulty using dynamic, but not static, visual stimuli to guide movement that may explain atypical development of motor and social skills.
Facile synthesis of AgNPs@SNCDs nanocomposites as a fluorescent ‘turn on’ sensor for detection of glutathione
Authors: Zhang Zhengwei , Pei Ke , Yan Zhengyu , Chen Jianqiu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study illustrates the facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles capped with sulfur and nitrogen co‐doped carbon dots (AgNPs@SNCDs) nanocomposites and their application towards the sensitive and selective detection of glutathione (GSH) using a spectrofluorimetry method. SNCDs were synthesized using solvothermal treatment of cysteamine hydrochloride and p‐phenylenediamine. The as‐fabricated SNCDs were then utilized as capping and stabilizing agents for the preparation of AgNPs@SNCDs nanocomposites using wet chemistry. The size of AgNPs@SNCDs nanocomposites was characterized to be ~37.58 nm or even larger aggregates. Particularly, the quenched fluorescence of AgNPs@SNCDs nanocomposites could be significantly restored upon addition of GSH, and the colour of its solution changed to some extent. The fluorescence intensity ratio of AgNPs@SNCDs nanocomposites at ~450 nm and 550 nm was directly proportional to the GSH concentration within the ranges 8.35–66.83 μM and 66.83–200.5 μM, and the detection limit was 0.52 μM. Furthermore various common organic molecules had no obvious interference in the detection mode. The proposed nanosensor was successfully applied for GSH assay in actual water samples.
Understanding new molecular and cell biology findings based on progressive scientific practices and interconnected activities in undergraduate students
Authors: Giojalas Laura C. , Guidobaldi Hector A. , Cragnolini Andrea B. , Franchi Anahi N. , Garcia Romano Leticia , Bermudez Gonzalo M. A. , Danelon Victor , Moreno Irusta Ayelen , Domínguez Esteban M. , Figueras López Maria J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNowadays Molecular Cell Biology (MCB) must be taught as science is practiced. Even though there are several approaches based on scientific practices, a key aspect is to define the purpose of each of these teaching strategies and, most importantly, their implementation. Our goal was to train students to acquire, understand, and communicate new scientific knowledge in the field. The main feature of our new teaching methodology was progressive training in scientific practices associated with a back‐and‐forward interplay between activities and assessments. The methodology was implemented over 4 years, in students attending the MCB course of the undergraduate degree in Biological Sciences. In the first two modules, the students were prepared to comprehend MCB concepts and techniques and to experience activities based on scientific practices. In the third module, the students analyzed a primary paper in‐depth. They were assessed by midterm exams based on a primary paper, written laboratory reports, and the oral presentation of a scientific paper. Our teaching proposal was evaluated through the students' academic performance and by their opinion on the teaching methodology. Most students were satisfied since they improved their acquisition of concepts, their interpretation and integration of scientific knowledge, and developed skills to communicate scientific knowledge in writing and orally. The novelty of transversal interconnections and progressive training in scientific practices provides students with skills in acquiring and understanding new scientific information, even beyond the MCB course.
Rational Design of a Piezoelectric BaTiO3 Nanodot Surface‐Modified LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Material for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Wenzhi , Wu Langyuan , Li Zhiwei , Ma Sen , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNickel‐rich cathode materials have been regarded as the most promising candidates for lithium‐ion batteries because of their superior specific capacity and cost‐effectiveness. However, the rapid capacity fade under high current density and serious side reactions during long‐term cycling hinder its wide application. In this study, piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanodots are employed as a functional coating layer on the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material to balance the relationship between structure and performance. A three‐phase interface model is proposed including the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material, uniform piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanodots, and the electrolyte. The coating layer plays a key role in the rapid diffusion of lithium‐ions as well as stabilizing the bulk structure of the cathode materials. Furthermore, the possible by‐products generated during the electrochemical cycling that can be alleviated by the modification of BaTiO3 are detected by using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. As expected, our strategy efficiently improves the structural stability and holds a high‐rate performance.