bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal-function change after transjugular intra-hepatic portosystemic shunt placement and its relationship with survival: a single-center experience
Authors: Lang Min , Lang Angela L. , Tsui Brian Q. , Wang Weiping , Erly Brian K. , Shen Bo , Kapoor Baljendra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The effect of transjugular intra-hepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement on renal function and the correlation of post-TIPS Cr with mortality remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of TIPS placement on renal function and to examine the relationship between post-TIPS Cr and mortality risk.

Methods
A total of 593 patients who underwent de novo TIPS placement between 2004 and 2017 at a single institution were included in the study. The pre-TIPS Cr level (T0; within 7 days before TIPS placement) and post-TIPS Cr levels, at 1–2 days (T1), 5–12 days (T2), and 15–40 days (T3), were collected. Predictors of Cr change after TIPS placement and the 1-year mortality rate were analysed using multivariable linear-regression and Cox proportional-hazards models, respectively.

Results
Overall, 21.4% of patients (n = 127) had elevated baseline Cr (≥1.5 mg/dL; mean, 2.51 ± 1.49 mg/dL) and 78.6% (n = 466) had normal baseline Cr (&lt;1.5 mg/dL; mean, 0.92 ± 0.26 mg/dL). Patients with elevated pre-TIPS Cr demonstrated a decrease in post-TIPS Cr (difference, −0.60 mg/dL), whereas patients with normal baseline Cr exhibited no change (difference, &lt;0.01 mg/dL). The 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality rates were 13%, 20%, and 32%, respectively. Variceal bleeding as a TIPS-placement indication (hazard ratio = 1.731; P = 0.036), higher T0 Cr (hazard ratio = 1.834; P = 0.012), and higher T3 Cr (hazard ratio = 3.524; P &lt; 0.001) were associated with higher 1-year mortality risk.

Conclusion
TIPS placement improved renal function in patients with baseline renal dysfunction and the post-TIPS Cr level was a strong predictor of 1-year mortality risk.
The Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity in Response to Temperature Stress
Authors: Mallard Francois , Nolte Viola , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is the ability of a single genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to environmental variation. The importance of phenotypic plasticity in natural populations and its contribution to phenotypic evolution during rapid environmental change is widely debated. Here, we show that thermal plasticity of gene expression in natural populations is a key component of its adaptation: evolution to novel thermal environments increases ancestral plasticity rather than mean genetic expression. We determined the evolution of plasticity in gene expression by conducting laboratory natural selection on a Drosophila simulans population in hot and cold environments. After more than 60 generations in the hot environment, 325 genes evolved a change in plasticity relative to the natural ancestral population. Plasticity increased in 75% of these genes, which were strongly enriched for several well-defined functional categories (e.g., chitin metabolism, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation). Furthermore, we show that plasticity in gene expression of populations exposed to different temperatures is rather similar across species. We conclude that most of the ancestral plasticity can evolve further in more extreme environments.
Sex-Specific Protective Effects ofAPOEε2 on Cognitive Performance
Authors: Lamonja-Vicente Noemí , Dacosta-Aguayo Rosalia , López-Olóriz Jorge , Prades-Senovilla Laia , Roig-Coll Francesca , Castells-Sánchez Alba , Soriano-Raya Juan José , Clemente Inmaculada , Miralbell Júlia , Barrios Maite , López-Cancio Elena , Cáceres Cynthia , Arenillas Juan Francisco , Millán Mónica , Torán Pere , Pera Guillem , Fores Rosa , Alzamora Maria Teresa , Mataró Maria , Via Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractApolipoprotein E (APOE) has an important role in the multiple trajectories of cognitive aging. However, environmental variables and other genes mediate the impact of APOE on cognition. Our main objective was to analyze the effect of APOE genotype on cognition and its interactions and relationships with sex, age, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype in a sample of 648 healthy participants over 50 years of age with a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Our results showed that APOE ε2 carriers performed better in the Verbal Memory (p = .002) and Fluency Domains (p = .001). When we studied the effect of sex, we observed that the beneficial effect of APOE ε2 on the normalized values of these cognitive domains occurred only in females (β = 0.735; 95% confidence interval, 0.396–1.074; p = 3.167·10−5 and β = 0.568; 95% confidence interval, 0.276–0.861; p = 1.853·10−4, respectively). Similarly, the sex-specific effects of APOE ε2 were further observed on lipidic and inflammation biomarkers. In the whole sample, APOE ε2 carriers showed significantly lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein. These differences were found only among females. Furthermore, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol mediated the protective effect of APOE ε2 on cognition in the whole sample and total cholesterol in females, providing candidate physiological mechanisms for the observed genetic effects. Our results show that the neuroprotective role of APOE ε2 in cognition varies with sex and that the lipidic profile partially mediates this protection. Age-related cognitive and functional decline is a continuous biological process with different cognitive trajectories (1). Complex interactions between heritability, environmental influence, and cognitive functions in aging have been highlighted (2). In particular, genetic differences explain around 15%–25% of the variance in life expectancy (3). Therefore, the identification of susceptibility genes and their biological effects on cognitive aging is required to establish interindividual differences in this process and promote early personalized interventions to delay cognitive decline and minimize the financial burden of aging in the health care system.
An extensible big data software architecture managing a research resource of real-world clinical radiology data linked to other health data from the whole Scottish population
Authors: Nind Thomas , Sutherland James , McAllister Gordon , Hardy Douglas , Hume Ally , MacLeod Ruairidh , Caldwell Jacqueline , Krueger Susan , Tramma Leandro , Teviotdale Ross , Abdelatif Mohammed , Gillen Kenny , Ward Joe , Scobbie Donald , Baillie Ian , Brooks Andrew , Prodan Bianca , Kerr William , Sloan-Murphy Dominic , Herrera Juan F R , McManus Dan , Morris Carole , Sinclair Carol , Baxter Rob , Parsons Mark , Morris Andrew , Jefferson Emily 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aim
To enable a world-leading research dataset of routinely collected clinical images linked to other routinely collected data from the whole Scottish national population. This includes more than 30 million different radiological examinations from a population of 5.4 million and &gt;2 PB of data collected since 2010.

Methods
Scotland has a central archive of radiological data used to directly provide clinical care to patients. We have developed an architecture and platform to securely extract a copy of those data, link it to other clinical or social datasets, remove personal data to protect privacy, and make the resulting data available to researchers in a controlled Safe Haven environment.

Results
An extensive software platform has been developed to host, extract, and link data from cohorts to answer research questions. The platform has been tested on 5 different test cases and is currently being further enhanced to support 3 exemplar research projects.

Conclusions
The data available are from a range of radiological modalities and scanner types and were collected under different environmental conditions. These real-world, heterogenous data are valuable for training algorithms to support clinical decision making, especially for deep learning where large data volumes are required. The resource is now available for international research access. The platform and data can support new health research using artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, as well as enabling discovery science.
Multifault complex rupture and afterslip associated with the 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien earthquake in northeastern Taiwan
Authors: Zhao Dezheng , Qu Chunyan , Shan Xinjian , Bürgmann Roland , Gong Wenyu , Tung Hsin , Zhang Guohong , Song Xiaogang , Qiao Xin 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYWe investigate the coseismic and post-seismic deformation due to the 6 February 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien earthquake to gain improved insights into the fault geometries and complex regional tectonics in this structural transition zone. We generate coseismic deformation fields using ascending and descending Sentinel-1A/B InSAR data and GPS data. Analysis of the aftershocks and InSAR measurements reveal complex multifault rupture during this event. We compare two fault model joint inversions of SAR, GPS and teleseismic body waves data to illuminate the involved seismogenic faults, coseismic slip distributions and rupture processes. Our preferred fault model suggests that both well-known active faults, the dominantly left-lateral Milun and Lingding faults, and previously unrecognized oblique-reverse west-dipping and north-dipping detachment faults, ruptured during this event. The maximum slip of ∼1.6 m occurred on the Milun fault at a depth of ∼2–5 km. We compute post-seismic displacement time series using the persistent scatterer method. The post-seismic range-change fields reveal large surface displacements mainly in the near-field of the Milun fault. Kinematic inversions constrained by cumulative InSAR displacements along two tracks indicate that the afterslip occurred on the Milun and Lingding faults and the west-dipping fault just to the east. The maximum cumulative afterslip of 0.4–0.6 m occurred along the Milun fault within ∼7 months of the main shock. The main shock-induced static Coulomb stress changes may have played an important role in driving the afterslip adjacent to coseismic high-slip zones on the Milun, Lingding and west-dipping faults.
Slc26a3 (DRA) in the Gut: Expression, Function, Regulation, Role in Infectious Diarrhea and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Yu Qin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe transport of transepithelial Cl- and HCO3- is crucial for the function of the intestinal epithelium and maintains the acid-based homeostasis. Slc26a3 (DRA), as a key chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein in the intestinal epithelial luminal membrane, participates in the electroneutral NaCl absorption of intestine, together with Na+/H+ exchangers. Increasing recent evidence supports the essential role of decreased DRA function or expression in infectious diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodIn this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge of Slc26a3, including its cloning and expression, function, roles in infectious diarrhea and IBD, and mechanisms of actions. A better understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of Slc26a3 in infectious diarrhea and IBD may reveal novel targets for future therapy.ConclusionUnderstanding the physiological function, regulatory interactions, and the potential mechanisms of Slc26a3 in the pathophysiology of infectious diarrhea and IBD will define novel therapeutic approaches in future.
Conservation restocking of the imperilled European eel does not necessarily equal conservation
Authors: Rohtla Mehis , Silm Maidu , Tulonen Jouni , Paiste Päärn , Wickström Håkan , Kielman-Schmitt Melanie , Kooijman Ellen , Vaino Väino , Eschbaum Redik , Saks Lauri , Verliin Aare , Vetemaa Markus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To stop the decline of the European eel population, one of the measures taken is translocating eels for restocking, despite its conservational value being largely unknown. We aimed to contribute to this knowledge gap by (i) investigating the origin of eels caught in coastal waters of Estonia and Finland using otolith microchemistry and (ii) directly estimating restocked eel escapement from Narva River Basin District (NRBD), which is part of the primary Eel Management Unit in Estonia. In Estonia, 74% of the sampled eels (n = 140) were natural recruits and 26% were restocked. In Finland, 27% of the sampled eels (n = 235) were natural recruits and 73% were restocked. Only 1% of all the coastally collected eels were originally restocked to NRBD. These new data together with the reported commercial landings from the escapement route conflict with the current silver eel escapement estimation for NRBD and question the accuracy and value of such indirect calculations compiled for most Eel Management Units throughout the European Union. It is concluded that restocking eels to freshwaters may be futile as a conservation measure in some situations, and better escapement is likely achieved in restocking eels to coastal waters or undammed freshwater systems with a direct connection to the sea.
Development and validation of a prognostic model based on comorbidities to predict COVID-19 severity: a population-based study
Authors: Gude-Sampedro Francisco , Fernández-Merino Carmen , Ferreiro Lucía , Lado-Baleato Óscar , Espasandín-Domínguez Jenifer , Hervada Xurxo , Cadarso Carmen M , Valdés Luis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of patients with COVID-19 infection is uncertain. We derived and validated a new risk model for predicting progression to disease severity, hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection (Gal-COVID-19 scores).

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in Galicia, Spain. Data were extracted from electronic health records of patients, including age, sex and comorbidities according to International Classification of Primary Care codes (ICPC-2). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the probability of disease severity. Calibration and discrimination were evaluated to assess model performance.

Results
The incidence of infection was 0.39% (10 454 patients). A total of 2492 patients (23.8%) required hospitalization, 284 (2.7%) were admitted to the ICU and 544 (5.2%) died. The variables included in the models to predict severity included age, gender and chronic comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, liver disease, chronic kidney disease and haematological cancer. The models demonstrated a fair–good fit for predicting hospitalization {AUC [area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve] 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76, 0.78]}, admission to ICU [AUC 0.83 (95%CI 0.81, 0.85)] and death [AUC 0.89 (95%CI 0.88, 0.90)].

Conclusions
The Gal-COVID-19 scores provide risk estimates for predicting severity in COVID-19 patients. The ability to predict disease severity may help clinicians prioritize high-risk patients and facilitate the decision making of health authorities.
The Hessian Map
Authors: Ciliberto Ciro , Ottaviani Giorgio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the Hessian map $h_{d,r}$, which associates to any hypersurface of degree $d$ in ${{\mathbb{P}}}^r$ its Hessian hypersurface, and the general properties of this map and prove that $h_{d,1}$ is birational onto its image if $d\geqslant 5.$ We also study in detail the maps $h_{3,1}$, $h_{4,1}$, and $h_{3,2}$ and the restriction of the Hessian map to the locus of hypersurfaces of degree $d$ with Waring rank $r+2$ in ${{\mathbb{P}}}^r$, proving that this restriction is injective as soon as $r\geqslant 2$ and $d\geqslant 3$, which implies that $h_{3,3}$ is birational onto its image. We also prove that the differential of the Hessian map is of maximal rank on the generic hypersurfaces of degree $d$ with Waring rank $r+2$ in ${{\mathbb{P}}}^r$, as soon as $r\geqslant 2$ and $d\geqslant 3$.
Feasibility of upfront mobile money transfers for transportation reimbursement to promote retention among patients receiving lymphoma treatment in Malawi
Authors: Ellis Grace K , Manda Agness , Topazian Hillary , Stanley Christopher C , Seguin Ryan , Minnick Caroline E , Tewete Blessings , Mtangwanika Asekanadziwa , Chawinga Mena , Chiyoyola Sara , Chikasema Maria , Salima Ande , Kimani Stephen , Kasonkanji Edwards , Mithi Victor , Kaimila Bongani , Painschab Matthew S , Gopal Satish , Westmoreland Katherine D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Cancer outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remain suboptimal, in part due to poor patient retention. Many patients travel long distances to receive care, and transportation costs are often prohibitively expensive. These are well-known and established causes of delayed treatment and care abandonment in Malawi and across SSA.

Methods
We sent visit reminder texts and offered upfront money to cover transportation costs through a mobile money transfer (MMT) platform to lymphoma patients enrolled in a prospective cohort in Malawi. The primary aim was to test the feasibility of upfront MMTs.

Results
We sent 1034 visit reminder texts to 189 participating patients. Of these texts, 614 (59%) were successfully delivered, with 536 (52%) responses. 320/536 (60%) MMTs were sent to interested patients and 312/320 (98%) came to their appointment on time. Of 189 total patients, 120 (63%) were reached via text and 84 (44%) received MMTs a median of three times (IQR 2–5). Median age of reachable patients was 41 (IQR 30–50), 75 (63%) were male, 62 (52%) were HIV+ and 79 (66%) resided outside of Lilongwe.

Conclusion
MMTs were a feasible way to cover upfront transportation costs for patients reachable via text, however many of our patients were unreachable. Future studies exploring barriers to care, particularly among unreachable patients, may help improve the efficacy of MMT initiatives and guide retention strategies throughout SSA.
Understanding Patient Anxiety and Pain During Initial Image-guided Breast Biopsy
Authors: Maimone Santo , Morozov Andrey P , Wilhelm Annamaria , Robrahn Inna , Whitcomb Tedra D , Lin Kathryn Y , Maxwell Robert W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Image-guided breast biopsies are safe, efficient, and reliable. However, patients are often anxious about these procedures, particularly those who have never undergone a prior biopsy.

Methods
This prospective IRB-approved study surveyed 163 patients undergoing their first breast biopsy. Participants provided informed consent and completed a short written survey prior to and immediately after their procedure. Level of anxiety as well as anticipated and actual levels of pain prior to and following the procedure were assessed using a 0–10-point Likert scale. Correlation, bivariate, and regression analyses were performed.

Results
Regarding the biopsy experience, 133/163 (81.6%) of patients reported it as better than expected. Anxiety decreased significantly from a prebiopsy mean score of 5.52 to a postbiopsy mean score of 2.25 (P &lt; 0.001). Average and greatest pain experienced during the procedure had mean scores of 2.03 and 2.77, respectively, both significantly lower compared to preprocedural expectation (mean 4.53) (P &lt; 0.001). Lower pain scores were reported in US-guided procedures compared to stereotactic- and MRI-guided biopsies (P &lt; 0.001). No significant differences in pain scores were seen in those undergoing single versus multiple biopsies, or when benign, elevated-risk, or malignant lesions were sampled. Positive correlations were seen with prebiopsy anxiety levels and procedural pain as well as with anticipated pain and actual procedural pain.

Conclusion
Image-guided biopsies are often better tolerated by patients than anticipated. We stress the benefit of conveying this information to patients prior to biopsy, as decreased anxiety correlates with lower levels of pain experienced during the procedure.
Reevaluating Agricultural Productivity Gaps with Longitudinal Microdata
Authors: Hamory Joan , Kleemans Marieke , Li Nicholas Y , Miguel Edward 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recent research has pointed to large gaps in labor productivity between the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in low-income countries, as well as between workers in rural and urban areas. Most estimates are based on national accounts or repeated cross-sections of microsurvey data, and as a result typically struggle to account for individual selection between sectors. This paper uses long-run individual-level panel data from two low-income countries (Indonesia and Kenya) to explore these gaps. Accounting for individual fixed effects leads to much smaller estimated productivity gains from moving into the non-agricultural sector (or urban areas), reducing estimated gaps by roughly 67%–92%. Furthermore, gaps do not emerge up to 5 years after a move between sectors. We evaluate whether these findings imply a re-assessment of the conventional wisdom regarding sectoral gaps, discuss how to reconcile them with existing cross-sectional estimates, and consider implications for the desirability of sectoral reallocation of labor.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity of cricetid rodents in Oaxaca, southern Mexico
Authors: Cornejo-Latorre Cristian , Moreno Claudia E , Martín-Regalado Cintia Natalia , Briones-Salas Miguel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological and historical causes and processes that shape biodiversity distribution patterns remains a challenging and fundamental task in biogeography, ecology, and evolution. To address this issue, taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity can help us to assess the importance of ecological and historical factors that structure these biotic patterns. To make inferences about the processes underlying current spatial patterns in communities of Cricetidae across the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, their taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity were assessed jointly. Our aims were: 1) to examine taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity and their turnover and nestedness components among physiographic subprovinces; 2) to test for statistical significance of observed phylogenetic β diversity against the expected values of a null model; and 3) to evaluate if these metrics were correlated with geographical distance. We obtained the species composition for 12 subprovinces based on distribution models for 49 cricetid species present in Oaxaca, then carried out a maximum likelihood analysis to estimate their phylogenetic relationships. Our results show that the taxonomic and phylogenetic dissimilarities mainly were explained by the turnover component of species and lineages. In almost all pairwise comparisons, the null model approach revealed random patterns for phylogenetic β diversity values and its components. Mantel correlation models showed that the values of total taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and their components are correlated with the geographical distances between subprovinces. Our results suggest that both taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity are explained by the interplay between biogeographical history from southern Mexico, and the recent speciation processes in cricetid rodents. Given that speciation processes are allopatric for most cricetid taxa, the high values of spatial turnover can be explained by the small ranges of species, coupled with current abiotic conditions that act as filters, promoting specialization of species on particular conditions. Our results show the importance of the phylogenetic approach to unravel the multidimensional spatial patterns of biodiversity.