bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling gender‐specific factors that link obesity to albuminuria
Authors: Landecho Manuel F. , Alegría‐Murillo Leire , López‐Fidalgo Jesús , Colina Inmaculada , Santesteban Virginia , García‐Unciti Marisol , Beloqui Oscar , Frühbeck Gema , Cuervo Marta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a major public health problem, which continues to be diagnosed and classified by BMI, excluding the most elemental concepts of the precision medicine approach. Obesity does not equally affect males and females, even with the same BMI. Microalbuminuria is a risk marker of cardiovascular disease closely related to obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gender‐dependent differences in the development of early obesity‐related disease, focusing on pathologic microalbuminuria (PMA).Material and methodsWe developed a single‐centre cross‐sectional study including 1068 consecutive adults from May 2016 to January 2018, divided into two groups: one including the first 787 patients attended, evaluated as a description population; the second group included 281 subjects analysed as an external validation population. Collected data included medical history, anthropometric measures, abdominal bioimpedance and routine laboratory tests.ResultsFirst, we confirmed the lack of accuracy of classic obesity measures in predicting microalbuminuria. Second, we tested the utility of a tailored evaluation to predict PMA, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.78 for females and 0.82 for males. We also confirmed the different physiology of visceral adiposity for males when compared to females, in which small variations of fat mass entail major changes in the clinical repercussion. Third, we performed an external validation of our results, achieving a 77% accuracy rate.ConclusionsOur findings support that there is an individual threshold of fat amount necessary to develop obesity‐dependent PMA and that gender plays a major role in the interplay between PMA and adiposity.
Feasibility and tolerability of a cognitive remediation clinical service in first episode coordinated specialty care
Authors: Lewandowski Kathryn E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimCognitive remediation is an evidence‐based intervention targeting the common and disabling cognitive deficits in people with psychosis. Findings from efficacy studies and meta‐analyses show that cognitive remediation produces medium to large effects on cognition in both chronic and first episode patients. However, clinical availability of this treatment remains scarce, reflecting a major gap between science and practice. Here we describe the development of a cognitive remediation programme in an outpatient first episode psychosis clinical service, and preliminary feasibility and acceptability outcomes.MethodsBased on evidence from efficacy trials and assessment within the clinic of perceived benefits and barriers, we developed a CR programme that involved both internet‐based computer training exercises and a weekly in‐person therapy group. Outcomes were assessed based on data from three consecutive 12‐week group series. Feasibility outcomes included adoption, fill, cost, and utilization; tolerability outcomes were based on user survey and focus group feedback.ResultsWe found evidence of feasibility including good adoption, fill, utilization, and cost. We also found good tolerability and satisfaction based on feedback from a user survey and focus groups, with more than 80% of respondents reporting high overall satisfaction with the programme and subjective cognitive and functional improvements.ConclusionsThe present report provides preliminary evidence that cognitive remediation can be translated into real world clinical practice for first episode psychosis. Systematic evaluation of implementation and dissemination of cognitive remediation is needed, and has the potential to improve access to cognitive health interventions for people with psychosis.
Fine structure analysis of perineuronal nets in the ketamine model of schizophrenia
Authors: Kaushik Rahul , Lipachev Nikita , Matuszko Gabriela , Kochneva Anastasia , Dvoeglazova Anastasia , Becker Axel , Paveliev Mikhail , Dityatev Alexander 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNNs) represent a highly condensed specialized form of brain extracellular matrix (ECM) enwrapping mostly parvalbumin‐positive interneurons in the brain in a mesh‐like fashion. PNNs not only regulate the onset and completion of the critical period during postnatal brain development, control cell excitability, and synaptic transmission but are also implicated in several brain disorders including schizophrenia. Holes in the perineuronal nets, harboring the synaptic contacts, along with hole‐surrounding ECM barrier can be viewed as PNN compartmentalization units that might determine the properties of synapses and heterosynaptic communication. In this study, we developed a novel open‐source script for Fiji (ImageJ) to semi‐automatically quantify structural alterations of PNNs such as the number of PNN units, area, mean intensity of PNN marker expression in 2D and 3D, shape parameters of PNN units in the ketamine‐treated Sprague–Dawley rat model of schizophrenia using high‐resolution confocal microscopic images. We discovered that the mean intensity of ECM within PNN units is inversely correlated with the area and the perimeter of the PNN holes. The intensity, size, and shape of PNN units proved to be three major principal factors to describe their variability. Ketamine‐treated rats had more numerous but smaller and less circular PNN units than control rats. These parameters allowed to correctly classify individual PNNs as derived from control or ketamine‐treated groups with ≈85% reliability. Thus, the proposed multidimensional analysis of PNN units provided a robust and comprehensive morphometric fingerprinting of fine ECM structure abnormalities in the experimental model of schizophrenia.
Effectiveness and safety of perampanel monotherapy for focal and generalized tonic‐clonic seizures: Experience from a national multicenter registry
Authors: Toledano Delgado Rafael , García‐Morales Irene , Parejo‐Carbonell Beatriz , Jiménez‐Huete Adolfo , Herrera‐Ramirez David , González‐Hernández Ayoze , Ayuga Loro Fernando , Santamarina Estevo , Toledo Manuel , Ojeda Joaquín , Poza Juan José , Molins Albert , Giner Pau , Estévez María José Carlos , Castro‐Vilanova María Dolores , Zurita Jorge , Saiz‐Diaz Rosa Ana , Gómez‐Ibañez Asier , Rodriguez‐Uranga Juan , Gil‐Nagel Antonio , Campos Dulce , Sánchez‐Larsen Álvaro , Aguilar‐Amat Prior Maria José , Mauri Llerda José Angel , Huertas González Nuria , García‐Barragán Nuria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and tolerability of perampanel (PER) monotherapy in routine clinical practice for the treatment of focal onset and generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS).MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted in patients aged ≥12 years treated with PER as primary monotherapy or converted to PER monotherapy by progressive reduction of background antiepileptic drugs. Outcomes included retention, responder, and seizure‐free rate after 3, 6, and 12 months and tolerability throughout the follow‐up.ResultsA total of 98 patients (mean age = 49.6 ± 21.7 years, 51% female) with focal seizures and/or GTCS were treated with PER monotherapy for a median exposure of 14 months (range = 1‐57) with a median dose of 4 mg (range = 2‐10). The retention rates at 3, 6, and 12 months and last follow‐up were 93.8%, 89.3%, 80.9%, and 71.4%, respectively. The retention rates according to the type of monotherapy (primary vs conversion) did not differ (log‐rank P value = .57). Among the 98 patients, 61.2% patients had seizures throughout the baseline period, with a median seizure frequency of 0.6 seizures per month (range = 0.3‐26). Responder rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 79.6%, 70.1%, and 52.8%, respectively, and seizure freedom rates at the same points were 62.7%, 56.1%, and 41.5%. Regarding the 33 patients who had GTCS in the baseline period, 87.8% were seizure‐free at 3 months, 78.1% at 6 months, and 55.1% at 12 months. Over the entire follow‐up, PER monotherapy was generally well tolerated, and only 16% of patients discontinued PER due to adverse events (AEs). Female patients were found to be at a higher risk of psychiatric AEs (female vs male odds ratio = 2.85, 95% confidence interval = 1‐8.33, P = .046).SignificancePER demonstrated good effectiveness and a good safety profile when used as primary therapy or conversion to monotherapy at relatively low doses, in a clinical setting with patients with focal seizures and GTCS.
Demographic history and genomics of local adaptation in blue tit populations
Authors: Perrier Charles , Rougemont Quentin , Charmantier Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the genomic processes underlying local adaptation is a central aim of modern evolutionary biology. This task requires identifying footprints of local selection but also estimating spatio‐temporal variations in population demography and variations in recombination rate and in diversity along the genome. Here, we investigated these parameters in blue tit populations inhabiting deciduous versus evergreen forests, and insular versus mainland areas, in the context of a previously described strong phenotypic differentiation. Neighboring population pairs of deciduous and evergreen habitats were weakly genetically differentiated (FST = 0.003 on average), nevertheless with a statistically significant effect of habitat type on the overall genetic structure. This low differentiation was consistent with the strong and long‐lasting gene flow between populations inferred by demographic modeling. In turn, insular and mainland populations were moderately differentiated (FST = 0.08 on average), in line with the inference of moderate ancestral migration, followed by isolation since the end of the last glaciation. Effective population sizes were large, yet smaller on the island than on the mainland. Weak and nonparallel footprints of divergent selection between deciduous and evergreen populations were consistent with their high connectivity and the probable polygenic nature of local adaptation in these habitats. In turn, stronger footprints of divergent selection were identified between long isolated insular versus mainland birds and were more often found in regions of low recombination, as expected from theory. Lastly, we identified a genomic inversion on the mainland, spanning 2.8 Mb. These results provide insights into the demographic history and genetic architecture of local adaptation in blue tit populations at multiple geographic scales.
Modeling Groundwater Inflow to the New Crater Lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i
Authors: Ingebritsen S. E. , Flinders A. F. , Kauahikaua J. P. , Hsieh P. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, scientists relied heavily on a conceptual model of explosive eruptions triggered when lava‐lake levels drop below the water table. Numerical modeling of multiphase groundwater flow and heat transport revealed that, contrary to expectations, liquid water inflow to the drained magma conduit would likely be delayed by months to years, owing to the inability of liquid water to transit a zone of very hot rock. The summit of Kīlauea subsequently experienced an ∼2‐month period of consistent repeated collapses, and the crater now extends below the equilibrium position of the water table. Liquid water first emerged into the deepened crater in late July 2019. The timing of first appearance of liquid water (about 14 months postcollapse) and the rate of crater lake filling (currently ∼27 kg/s) were well‐predicted by the numerical modeling done in late spring 2018, which forecast liquid inflow after 3 to 24 months at rates of 10 to 100 kg/s. A second‐generation groundwater model, reflecting the current crater geometry, forecasts lake filling over the next several years. The successful 2018 to present forecasts with both models are based on unadjusted in situ permeability estimates (1 to 6 × 10−14 m2) and water‐table elevations (600 to 800 m) from a nearby research drillhole and geophysical surveys. Important unknowns that affect the reliability of longer‐term forecasts include the equilibrium water‐table geometry, the rate of evaporation from the hot and growing crater lake (currently ∼29,000 m2 at 70‐80 °C), and heterogenous permeability changes caused by the 2018 collapse.
Cancer‐related genetic changes in multistep hepatocarcinogenesis and their correlation with imaging and histological findings
Authors: Muraoka Masaru , Maekawa Shinya , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sato Mitsuaki , Tatsumi Akihisa , Matsuda Shuya , Miura Mika , Nakakuki Natsuko , Shindo Hiroko , Amemiya Fumitake , Takano Shinichi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Nakayama Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Inoue Taisuke , Sato Tadashi , Yamashita Atsuya , Moriishi Kohji , Matsuda Masanori , Enomoto Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2020

AimThe landscape of cancer‐related genetic aberrations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has gradually become clear through recent next‐generation sequencing studies. However, it remains unclear how genetic aberrations correlate with imaging and histological findings.MethodsUsing 117 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens of primary liver tumors, we undertook targeted next‐generation sequencing of 50 cancer‐related genes and digital polymerase chain reaction of hTERT. After classifying tumors into several imaging groups by hierarchal clustering with the information from gadoxetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, contrast‐enhanced computed tomography, contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, and diffusion‐weighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging, the correlation between genetic aberrations and imaging and histology were investigated.ResultsMost frequent mutations were hTERT (61.5%), followed by TP53 (42.7%), RB1 (24.8%), and CTNNB1 (18.8%). Liver tumors were classified into six imaging groups/grades, and the prevalence of hTERT mutations tended to increase with the advancement of imaging/histological grades (P = 0.026 and 0.13, respectively), whereas no such tendency was evident for TP53 mutation (P = 0.78 and 1.00, respectively). Focusing on the mutations in each tumor, although the variant frequency (VF) of hTERT did not change (P = 0.36 and 0.14, respectively) in association with imaging/histological grades, TP53 VF increased significantly (P = 0.004 and <0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, stage III or IV (hazard ratio, 3.64; P = 0.003), TP53 VF ≥ 50% (hazard ratio, 3.79; P = 0.020) was extracted as an independent risk for recurrence in primary HCC patients.ConclusionsIncreased prevalence of hTERT mutation and increased TP53 mutation VF are characteristic features of HCC progression, diagnosed with imaging/histological studies.
How do Cochrane authors conduct web searching to identify studies? Findings from a cross‐sectional sample of Cochrane Reviews
Authors: Briscoe Simon , Nunns Michael , Shaw Liz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSearching the World Wide Web using search engines and websites can be conducted to identify studies for systematic reviews. When searching to support systematic reviews, the searcher faces challenges in using the basic search interfaces of most search engines and websites.ObjectivesTo describe and evaluate current practice of web searching in a cross‐sectional sample of Cochrane Reviews. The study also describes the stated aims of web searching, i.e. the identification of published or unpublished studies or both.MethodsA six‐month cross‐sectional sample of Cochrane Reviews was identified via the Cochrane Library. Reviews were inspected for detail about web searching. Findings were described and evaluated using a framework of key principles for web searching.Results423 Cochrane Reviews published August 2016–January 2017 were identified of which 61 (14%) reported web searching. Web searches were typically simplified versions of the bibliographic database search. Advanced and iterative approaches were not widely used. Google Search and Google Scholar were the most popular search engines. Most reports stated identification of grey literature as their aim.ConclusionBasic web search interfaces necessitate simple searches. However, there is scope to use more diverse search features and techniques and a greater variety of search engines.
Consumer perceptions of financial advisory titles in the United States and implications for title regulation
Authors: Tharp Derek T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany professionals in the United States financial services industry refer to themselves as financial advisers despite tremendous variation in business practices, compensation methods, and duties to act in the best interest of their clients. As a result, both the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and state securities regulators have recently considered title regulation aimed at promoting consumer clarity. However, there is little empirical evidence to inform how consumers actually perceive the use of such titles. This study examines consumer perceptions via two studies of U.S. consumers conducted using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Findings from the first study (n = 665) suggest that consumers perceive common industry titles as different from one another in a manner that is consistent with the differentiation of advice professions (e.g., financial adviser, financial planner, financial counsellor, investment consultant and investment adviser) from sales professions (e.g., investment salesperson, stockbroker and life insurance agent). Findings from a second study using a higher‐income sample (n = 334) compared the influence of titles on perception to the influence of disclosure on perception. The second study again found evidence of consumer differentiation between professional titles (financial adviser and stockbroker). However, the effect sizes associated with the use of different titles were much smaller than the effect sizes associated with disclosure statements that were tested in this study, suggesting that disclosure regulation may be more effective in promoting consumer clarity than title regulation. Other implications regarding the potential efficacy of proposed regulatory frameworks are discussed.
Comparative metabolite profiling of raw milk from subclinical and clinical mastitis cows using 1H‐NMR combined with chemometric analysis
Authors: Luangwilai Mayuree , Duangmal Kiattisak , Chantaprasarn Nawanon , Settachaimongkon Sarn 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to characterise and compare non‐volatile metabolite profiles of raw milk from healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis cows using a non‐targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) metabolomic approach. A total of 46 metabolites were identified. Multivariate analysis allowed discrimination of milk from healthy and mastitis cows according to their 1H‐NMR metabolite profiles. Significant increases in acetate, formate, lactate, benzoate, hippurate, β‐hydroxybutyrate, valerate, alanine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, N‐acetylamino acid, phenylalanine, threonine and valine content were associated with extremely high somatic cell count and clinical mastitis status of the cows. Furthermore, significant rises in hippurate, valerate, N‐acetylglucosamine, histidine, isoleucine and leucine content could be used as potential biomarker for indicating subclinical mastitis infection of the udders. Beside the existing biomarkers for diagnosing mastitis in literatures, we found additional candidate metabolites, such as alanine, valerate and N‐acetylglucosamine, in correlation with mastitis status of Thai crossbred Holstein dairy cows.
Development of teaching, mentoring and supervision skills for basic training registrars: a frustrated apprenticeship?
Authors: Chapman Laura , Mysko Christopher , Coombridge Hannah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTeaching, mentoring and supervision (TMS) are fundamental skills with a specific commitment within the Royal Australasian College of Physicians professional practice framework. The new basic training standards include ‘use of appropriate educational techniques to facilitate the learning of peers, junior colleagues and other health professionals and to provide supervision for junior colleagues’ but it is unclear how basic physician trainees and equivalent grade doctors (hereinafter ‘registrars’) will provide, learn or develop TMS skills.AimsTo explore how registrars provide, learn and develop TMS skills.MethodsMixed methods approach. New Zealand registrars were invited to participate in anonymous survey regarding TMS experiences and learning. Focus groups explored skill acquisition and development more deeply.ResultsA total of 121 registrars from 16 District Health Boards responded. Registrars supervise two juniors daily (range 0–4+). Fewer than 1:4 have formal training in TMS skills. Free text and focus group themes include: informal development by observing role models plus personal experience of giving and receiving TMS, inequitable access to development opportunities and formal training, barriers include workload and unsupportive learning cultures. Some registrars lack confidence in delivering TMS.ConclusionsRegistrars are expected to teach, mentor and supervise junior colleagues but experience a ‘frustrated apprenticeship’: formal training is minimal and informal training is dependent on variable role models, opportunities and systematic support. Registrars feel unprepared and lack confidence despite wanting to succeed in this domain. Suggestions for improvement include baseline formal training, purposeful role modelling by seniors and equitable promotion of TMS opportunities.
The political constitution of labour from Donovan to Blair
Authors: Cruddas Jon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article looks at changing patterns of labour regulation over the last 50 years ago. We begin with the contribution of the ‘Oxford School’ within industrial relations analysis and its influence on the Donovan Royal Commission. We then discuss the architecture of the British corporate state and the approach of successive Conservative administrations between 1979 and 1997. Next, we consider labour market analysis and interventions under New Labour alongside emerging European influences and rights‐based models of justice. We conclude with some final comments regarding contemporary labour market thinking.
Selective elemental concentration during the solidification of stainless steel slags for increased Cr recovery with MnO addition
Authors: Wang Zhanjun , Sohn Il 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study investigated the effect of MnO on the viscosity and the equilibrium crystallization behavior of CaO‐SiO2‐Al2O3‐Cr2O3‐MnO stainless steel slags to understand the selective concentration behavior of Cr during slag solidification. The apparent viscosity gradually decreases with higher MnO content, which act as a network modifier, resulting in simpler [SiO4]‐structural units. Due to the formation of MnCr2O4 spinel crystals, the tendency of decreasing viscosity is impeded. The equilibrium crystal phase with higher MnO content changes from the Cr2O3 phase to the MnCr2O4 spinel phase during the crystallization process. Distinct separation between Cr‐enriched phases with the amorphous phase can be observed and analysis of as‐quenched slags after thermochemical equilibrium experiments shows that the overall Cr content in the amorphous phase gradually decreases with higher MnO content and lower temperature, indicating Cr can be selectively enriched in a corresponding Cr‐containing crystalline phase. The sizes of the primary Cr‐enriched phases are < 20 μm. With a higher MnO content, the volume of the Cr2O3 phase decreases, and the corresponding volume of the MnCr2O4 spinel phase increases. Understanding the distribution characteristics of the Cr‐enriched phase and the gradually enriched Cr content can provide a new approach for the increased retrieval of stainless steel slags.