bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informing the public health response to COVID-19 (and lessons learnt for future pandemics): a systematic review of risk factors for disease, severity, and mortality.
Authors: Flook Mary , Jackson Charlotte , Vasileiou Eleftheria , Simpson Colin R. , Muckian Marisa D. , Agrawal Utkarsh , McCowan Colin , Jia Yumeng , Murray Josie L.K. , Ritchie Lewis D. , Robertson Chris , Stock Sarah J. , Wang Xin , Woolhouse Mark E. J. , Sheikh Aziz , Stagg Helen R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged public health agencies globally. In order to effectively target government responses, it is critical to identify the individuals most at risk of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), developing severe clinical signs, and mortality. We undertook a systematic review of the literature, to present the current status of scientific knowledge in these areas and describe the need for unified global approaches, moving forwards, as well as lessons learnt for future pandemics. MethodsMedline, Embase and Global Health were searched to the end of April 2020, as well as the Web of Science. Search terms were specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19. Comparative studies of risk factors from any setting, population group and in any language were included. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened by two reviewers and extracted in duplicate into a standardised form. Data were extracted on risk factors for COVID-19 disease, severe disease, or death and were narratively and descriptively synthesised. Results1,238 papers were identified post-deduplication. 33 met our inclusion criteria, of which 26 were from China. Six assessed the risk of contracting the disease, 20 the risk of having severe disease and ten the risk of dying. Age, gender and co-morbidities were commonly assessed as risk factors. The weight of evidence showed increasing age to be associated with severe disease and mortality, and general comorbidities with mortality. Only seven studies presented multivariable analyses and power was generally limited. A wide range of definitions were used for disease severity. ConclusionsThe volume of literature generated in the short time since the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 has been considerable. Many studies have sought to document the risk factors for COVID-19 disease, disease severity and mortality; age was the only risk factor based on robust studies and with a consistent body of evidence. Mechanistic studies are required to understand why age is such an important risk factor. At the start of pandemics, large, standardised, studies that use multivariable analyses are urgently needed so that the populations most at risk can be rapidly protected. This review was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42020177714.
Dodging COVID-19 infection:&nbsp;Low expression and localization of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived from human umbilical cord (hUC-MSCs).&nbsp;
Authors: Hernandez Jonathan J , Beaty Doyle E , Fruhwirth Logan L , Sloan J M , Chaves Ana P Lopez , Riordan Neil H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord (hUC-MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties that are of interest to treat novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Leng et al. recently reported that hUC-MSCs derived from one donor negatively expressed Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key protein for viral infection along with Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2). In this report, the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was analyzed in 24 lots of hUC-MSCs derived from 24 different donors via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western Blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. hUC-MSCs had significantly lower ACE2 (p=0.002) and TMPRSS2 (p=0.008) expression compared with human lung tissue homogenates in Western blot analyses. Little to no expression of ACE2 or TMPRSS2 was observed in hUC-MSC by qPCR, and they were not observable with immunofluorescence in hUC-MSCs cell membranes. A double negative ACE2 and TMPRSS2 population percentage of 94.30% ±15.55 was obtained for hUC-MSCs via flow cytometry, with only 0.011% ACE2 and 10.91% TMPRSS2 observable positive populations. We have demonstrated negative expression of ACE2 and low expression of TMPRSS2 in 24 lots of hUC-MSCs. This has crucial implications for the design of future therapeutic options for COVID-19, since hUC-MSCs would have the ability to “dodge” viral infection to exert their immunomodulatory effects.
Downregulation of HBx Restrains Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of HepG2 Cells
Authors: Huang Chaoqun , Liu Wei , Zhao Xiaochuan , Zhao Libin , Wang Fuxiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Liver cancer is a frequent malignancy with high fatality. Hepatic B virus X protein (HBx) could promote theprogression of liver cancer. Meanwhile, aberrantly expressed XB130 was identified in liver cancer. However, relevant molecular mechanism is poorly studied. Our present study mainly investigated the mechanism of liver cancer.Methods: After microarray-based analyses in liver cancer tissues and the matched adjacent normal tissues, upregulated mRNA was screened out. Contents of HBx and XB130 in liver cancer tissues as well as cells HepG2 were examined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Correlation between HBx and XB130 was analyzed in HepG2 cells, followed by verification by RIP assay. After gain- and loss-of-function experiments, cellular proliferation, invasion, migration and colony formation ability were assessed using CCK-8, Transwell, wound healing experiment and colony formation assay.Results: Both HBx and XB130 expression was elevated in liver cancer, which was correlated with poor survival rate of liver cancer patients. Moreover, HBx and XB130 were positively correlated in HepG2 cells. RIP assay verified that HBx could bind to XB130. Loss of HBx hindered proliferation, and migration/invasion of HepG2 cells but promoted apoptosis, which was partially reversed by overexpressed XB130.Conclusion: The conclusion reached from the study offered an understanding of the role of HBx/XB130 played in liver cancer. Our study first reported the regulatory relation between HBx and XB130, which may be valuable to discover therapeutic targets for liver cancer treatment.
Serial Blood and Urine Drug Concentration Measurement in a Patient Withacute Intoxication Bytramadoland Zolpidem Resulting in Qt Prolongation: Case Report
Authors: Lee Bonggyu , Park Jungsoo , Kim Suncheun , Kim Dongwoo , Park Dongeun , Chang Hyejin , You Yeonho , Kang Changshin , Ahn Hongjoon , JEONG won joon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: QT prolongation is a well-known complication when tramadol or zolpidem is ingested in large amounts acutely. However, the blood drug concentration resulting in QT prolongation or tachyarrhythmia when tramadol and zolpidem are ingested simultaneously in large amounts has not yet been reported. We report a case of acute intoxication by tramadol and zolpidem resulting in QT prolongation in a patient in whomserial blood and urine tramadol and zolpidemconcentrationswere determined.Case presentation:A 38-year-old male patient presented tothe emergency medical centrebecause ofpoisoning from 3 g of tramadol and 50 mg of zolpidemat 3 h before hisemergency department(ED) visit.During supportive treatment, he developed QT prolongation without clinical manifestations. He was discharged five days after admission without any sequelae. We measured the blood and urine concentrations of tramadol and zolpidemat various time points, which revealed ablood tramadol concentration-dependent change in QTc intervals and increasing blood tramadol concentration at 8 h after the ED visit,with a sustainedlow zolpidem concentration.Tramadol and zolpidem are metabolized by the same enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A4.Therefore, competitive inhibition bya P450 3A4isoenzyme may lead to increases indrugtoxicity. The QT interval in patients acutely intoxicated bytramadol should be evaluated carefully, particularlywhen tramadol is co-ingested with other drugs.Conclusions:Considering the half-life of tramadolor zolpidem and potential for continued absorption of drugs remaining in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to observe patients viacardiac monitoring for more than 36 hafteracute intoxication.The blood concentration of tramadol may increaseand result in QT prolongationeven afterappropriate initial treatment.
Exposure risk of patients with chronic infectious wounds during the COVID-19 outbreak and its countermeasures
Authors: Zhou Haiying , Jin Qianjun , lu hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND

A large number of cases of pneumonia caused by novel β-coronavirus emerged in Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019 and demonstrated great potential for transmission. At present, known independent risk factors include age, diabetes and other chronic diseases, which may be similar to the patients with chronic wound, thus we try to explore the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and management recommendation of patients with chronic infective wounds during the COVID-19 epidemic period.

METHODS

In this single-center, retrospective observational study, we included all cases with chronic infective wounds that came to our hospital between the full outbreak of the COVID-19 in China (January 23, 2020) and the latest date prior to posting (20 April 2020). Demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory and imaging findings, consultation history and clinical outcomes (lesion cured, uncontrolled, amputated, etc. as of May 10, 2020) were collected for all individuals. Patients were subdivided into gangrene, traumatic infection and other types of soft tissue infection wound (including bedsores, gout ruptures, stab wounds and so on) according to the causes of wound and their disease-related information were compared group by group.

RESULTS

Among the total 81 patients with chronic infective wounds, 60% was male, with a mean age of 60.8 years (SD 18.6), including 38 (47%) patients with traumatic infection, 29 (36%) gangrene cases, and 14 (17%) other soft tissue infection wounds. Common comorbidities are hypertension (32%), diabetes (32%), cardiovascular disease (24%), and kidney injury (12%), and the patients with gangrenes have the most comorbidities. As of May 10, 2020, there were 78 patients discharged and their average stay time is 15.8 days(SD 14.2), while people still at the hospital is 39.7days(SD 8.7)much longer than the discharged and also has more comorbidities. But there is no significant difference in the hospitalization time of three types of wounds. And fortunately, none of all the patients were infected by coronavirus.

CONCLUSION

The majority of patients with chronic wounds are severely ill with high risk of infection and poor prognosis, therefore management of patients with chronic wounds should be improved.
Qualitative Assessments of Density and Background Parenchymal Enhancement on Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography Associated with Breast Cancer Risk of High-Risk Women
Authors: Mao Ning , Yin Ping , Lin Fan , Wang Zhongyi , Yang Ping , Zhang Kun , Xie Haizhu , Wang Bin , Ma Heng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the correlation between the risk of developing breast cancer for high-risk women and the density and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM).Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of our hospital. Women at high risk, without breast cancer history and received CESM examination from July 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients who developed breast cancer after CESM examination were classified as cancer cohorts, and women who did not develop breast cancer with maximized follow-up time were categorized as control cohorts. These two cohorts were one-to-one matched in age, family and/or genetic history of breast cancer, and BRCA status. The density and amount of BPE at CESM imaging were assessed. Conditional logistic regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between imaging features and breast cancer risk. Results: During the follow-up interval, 90 women at high risk with no history of breast cancer were diagnosed with breast cancer (invasive, n = 46; in situ, n = 44). During follow-up, women with mild, moderate or significant BPE were seven times more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than women with minimal BPE [P = 0.005; odds ratio (OR) = 7.0; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.1-71.1]. Breast density was not significantly different between the two cohorts (P = 0.5). Conclusions: Increased BPE levels increase the risk of breast cancer among high-risk women.
Microwave-assisted hydrotropic pretreatment as a new and highly efficient way to cellulosic ethanol production from maize distillery stillage
Authors: Dawid Mikulski , Kłosowski Grzegorz 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The development of the second generation ethanol production technology requires new, highly effective methods of pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, which reduces lignin content, eliminates fermentation inhibitors, and makes the biomass susceptible to hydrolysis using cellulolytic enzymes. New pretreatment methods should be adapted to the processing of lignocellulosic waste biomass from various industries. One of the problems is the management of grain stillage, which is waste from the production of first generation ethanol.Results: The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of the combined use of microwave radiation and sodium cumene sulfonate under optimized process conditions for the preparation of maize stillage biomass as a raw material for the production of cellulosic ethanol. The key parameter guaranteeing a high level of lignin removal from biomass (ca. 44%) was the concentration of hydrotrope. The highest organic matter extraction from biomass (67.00±1.68%) was observed for 20% v/v sodium cumene sulfonate, ca. 117 PSI (microwave heating) and 30 min exposure time. Even at high biomass concentration (16% w/v) and a cellulose enzyme dose of about 4 FPU/g, maize stillage biomass subjected to microwave-assisted hydrotropic pretreatment was highly susceptible to enzymatic degradation, which resulted in 80% hydrolysis yield. The stillage biomass processed in this way is a very good raw material for the production of cellulosic ethanol. It is possible to obtain a fermentation medium with a very high glucose concentration (up to 80 g/L), without fermentation inhibitors (such as 5-HMF, furfural, lignin degradation products) and, as a consequence, to reach a very high level of sugar conversion to ethanol, even as much as 95% of theoretical yield.Conclusions: Microwave hydrotropic treatment with sodium cumene sulfonate is a very effective way to prepare waste maize stillage biomass for the production of cellulosic ethanol. The method provides a high level of enzymatic degradation of cellulose, leading to a medium with high content of released sugars suitable for bioconversion, which is in line with the assumptions of the second generation ethanol production technology.
Are closed campus policies associated with youth eating behaviours?
Authors: Patte Karen A , Cole Adam , Qian Wei , Magier Megan , Vine Michelle , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose The effectiveness of school nutrition regulations may be undermined by the food environment surrounding schools, particularly among adolescents, as they are less likely to eat lunch at school and have their own spending money. Given challenges in regulating the external food retail, policies where students are unable to leave the school property during the day have been suggested to improve student nutrition. The aim of this study was to examine whether closed campus policies (CCP) are associated with student eating behaviours. Methods The current study used student- and school-administrator survey data from 60,610 grade 9-12 students and 134 Canadian secondary schools participating in year 7 (2018/2019) of the COMPASS study. Multiple ordinal regression models tested school CCP as a predictor of weekday dietary behaviours (0-5 days), controlling for student- (grade, gender, spending money, ethnicity) and school-level (urbanicity, province, area median household income, school vending machines) covariates. Results A total of 16 schools reported CCP. Students who attended schools with CCP reported eating lunch purchased from fast food places or restaurants on fewer weekdays, but consumed sugar sweetened beverages (sodas/sports drinks or sweetened coffee/tea drinks) and snacks purchased from school vending machines on more weekdays, relative to students at schools with open campus policies. No significant differences in student reports of eating lunch brought from home, eating lunch purchased from the school cafeteria, or snacks purchased off-school campus were observed between schools with open and CCP. Conclusion CCP may help improve youth eating behaviour by reducing sugar sweetened beverages and lunch time fast food consumption on weekdays; however, students already purchasing food may shift from off-campus to within school options, highlighting the importance of ensuring healthy school food environments and encouraging students to bring home-prepared lunches. Future studies using experimental longitudinal designs are needed to determine the effect of school CCP on various health behaviours and outcomes.
Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with solid tumors and pre-existing autoimmune or inflammatory disease: real-word data.
Authors: Calvo Virginia , Fernández Marta Andrés , Lorduy Ana Collazo , Franco Fernando , Núñez Beatriz , Provencio Mariano 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVE

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a cornerstone in cancer treatment but they can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Furthermore, patients with pre-existing autoimmune and/or inflammatory disease (AID) have been excluded from clinical trials. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICI in patients with cancer and AID.
METHODS

This is an observational, retrospective study carried out at the Medical Oncology Department of Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid between January 2016 and December 2018.
RESULTS

202 cancer patients treated with ICI were included, 15 (7, 4%) of them had pre-existing autoimmune diseases. The most frequent pre-existing AID were thyroid diseases (33.3%): autoimmune hypothyroidism, Graves Basedow disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Three patients had psoriasis, two ANA + polyarthritis, one rheumatoid arthritis, another LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults), another a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the last one, a polymyalgia rheumatica. In this series, the majority of patients (73.33%) did not experience any flare-up of their autoimmune disease. In patients who had AID flare-up, this was treated with corticosteroids. The most frequent cause of immunotherapy discontinuation was tumor progression (40%). 20% of patients had to discontinue immunotherapy due to toxicity.
CONCLUSIONS

In our series, AID flare or irAEs in patients with pre-existing AID who receive immunotherapy are not very common and can often be controlled without interrupting treatment. Prospective studies are needed to establish the incidence of irAEs in patients with preexisting autoimmune conditions, evaluate risk-benefits and elaborate management clinical guidelines in this population.
Research on Reliability of Nano Silver Tin Pulp in Flip Chip Solder Joint
Authors: Yang Hui , Wu Jihui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the interconnect properties of nano-silver solders, we have developed a new tin-doped nano-silver paste (referred to as silver tin paste). The hard brittle phase Ag3Sn formed by the soldering of the silver tin paste acts as a second phase strengthening effect, which significantly improves the shear strength of the solder joint and has the potential to be widely used in the power electronics packaging industry. In this paper, the viscoplastic and elastic composite model is used to simulate the inelastic deformation behavior of flip chip nano silver tin solder joint under uniaxial shear load. The simulated stress-strain response curve agrees well with the experimentally measured data. The finite element method is used to simulate the interconnection state of flip chip solder joints under thermal cycling conditions. It can be seen that the inelastic strain of the silver tin solder joint has increased, and it can be inferred that as this strain increases further, the chip connection will be broken. The fatigue life of silver tin paste is predicted by the creep fatigue life model. Compared with the pure nano silver paste, the equivalent plastic strain of the silver tin paste is reduced and the fatigue life is significantly improved. It is indicated that the solder joint reliability of nano silver paste can be improved by tin doping. The analysis results provide reference data for the development of new nano solder.
T2 mapping evaluation of changes in cartilage matrix after PRP and HA injection therapy in knee osteoarthritis: a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study
Authors: Vogrin Matjaz , Naranda Jakob , Gorenjak Mario , Bajec Tomaz , Mongus Domen , Pintaric Robert , Mijatovic Igor , Kelc Robi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn this study we focused on evaluating the effect of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on the qualitative and quantitative properties of the articular cartilage in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe evaluated 264 patients undergoing treatment of moderate knee OA. Patients aged between 40 and 70 years were included with articular K-L stage ≤ 2. Patients were randomized into three groups and treated with three doses of intra-articular PRP, HA, or placebo injection. Patients were evaluated clinically and by using T2 mapping.ResultsBoth PRP (619.05 ± 243 ms; p = 2.7 × 10− 5) and HA (637.12 ± 273 ms; p = 1.×10− 4) group showed statistically significant lower post-application T2 relaxation times in comparison to the placebo group (859.80 ± 406 ms).Cartilage thickness increased significantly after PRP (2.41±0.87 vs. 2.58±0.97 mm, p=0.033) and HA (2.28±0.81 vs. 2.80±1.00 mm, p=1.8×10) applications. There was a significant decrease in WOMAC pain score by 30% (p=0,001) and the overall WOMAC score by 27 p=1.9×10-4%) in PRP group. The decrease in WOMAC pain score and the overall WOMAC score in the placebo group was similar to the results observed in the PRP group. In the HA group a significant decrease in WOMAC pain score by 14% (p=0,005) was observed only at the first follow-up, whereas no difference was observed at the second follow-up. ConclusionsT2 mapping of cartilage tissue may aid to monitor its properties after the intra-articular therapies in knee OA. However, there is a discrepancy between clinical findings and the results of T2 mapping, suggesting questionable grounds for applying intra-articular therapy.