bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in subliminal affective face priming: A high-density ERP study
Authors: Tanaka Mutsuhide , Yamada Emi , Maekawa Toshihiko , Ogata Katsuya , Takamiya Naomi , Nakazono Hisato , Tobimatsu Shozo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Subliminal affective priming effects (SAPEs) refer to the phenomenon by which the presentation of an affective prime stimulus influences the subsequent affective evaluation of a target stimulus. Previous studies have shown that behavioural performance is affected more by unconsciously processed stimuli than by consciously processed stimuli. However, the impact of SAPEs on the face-specific N170 component is unclear. In the current study, we investigated how subliminal processing of fearful faces affected the N170 for subsequent supraliminal target faces using event-related potentials (ERPs).Methods We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to study how SAEPs for fearful faces affect the N170 for subsequent supraliminal target faces. Japanese adults (n=51, 24 females) participated in this study. Subliminal prime faces (neutral or fearful) were presented for 17 ms, followed by a backward mask for 283 ms and target faces for 800 ms (neutral, emotionally ambiguous-fearful, or fearful). ERPs (128-ch) were recorded while participants judged the expression of target faces as neutral or fearful.Results Behavioral data revealed that participants judged target faces as more fearful in the fearful face prime condition compared with the neutral prime condition, regardless of emotional expression. Interestingly, we found gender-related differences in N170 amplitude; only female participants exhibited enhanced N170 amplitude for neutral faces primed by fearful faces. Therefore, a noticeable gender difference exists in the neural processing of subliminally perceived facial emotions.Conclusions Our ERP results suggest the existence of a gender difference in target-face processing preceded by subliminally presented face stimuli in the right occipito-temporal regions.
Novel-m2866-5p and miR8181-x are involved in the regulation of aureochrome and photosynthesis in Saccharina japonica
Authors: Yang Xiaoqi , Duan Delin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Aureochrome, a blue-light receptor only in photosynthetic stramenopiles, plays an important role in algal growth and development. Previous researches have reported that aureochrome is involved in the photoacclimation, cell division and sex organ development. It holds reversed effector-sensor topology for the reception of blue light, acting as the candidate of optogenetic tools in transcription regulation. However, the inner regulatory mechanism of aureochrome is still unclear. In this study, we explored the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs, aiming to construct the regulatory network between miRNAs and aureochrome. Results: Our results showed that 18 identified miRNAs have potential aureochrome regulatory function. Among the screened microRNAs, both novel-m2866-5p and miR8181-x exhibited a negative correlation with Aureochrome5. The transcription of novel-m2866-5p and miR8181-x exhibited tissue specificity, indicating that these two microRNAs might function in different tissues. Moreover, miR8181-x could regulate kelp growth, while novel-m2866-5p was possibly involved in the arginine metabolic pathway. Aureochrome5 and photosynthetic genes exhibited similar expression trends, suggesting coordination between photosynthesis and blue light receptors. Moreover, the proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5), which functions in the induction of energy-dependent quenching, exhibited a co-expression pattern with Aureochrome5. These patterns were further observed upon incubation with N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), which exhibited up-regulation of both PGR5 and Aureochrome5 and confirmed their endogenous competition.Conclusion: Our study revealed that both novel-m2866-5p and miR8181-x were involved in the regulation of aureochrome, and that miR8181-x could act as a bridge between blue light receptors and photosynthesis in kelp.
Effects of rooting powder and soil salt stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Tamarix chinensis cuttings
Authors: Sun Jia , Xia Jiangbao , Zhao Ximei , Su Li , Li Chuanrong , Gao Fanglei , Liu Ping 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils. The objectives of this study were to determine whether aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a rooting powder, can be used to improve the physiological regulatory abilities of Tamarix chinensis under salt stress; to reveal the physiological regulatory pattern by which T. chinensis pre-treated with ABT adapts to salt stress. Results: (1) As the salt stress level increased, the cutting survival rate, height, and root length of T. chinensis gradually decreased, whereas their biomass first decreased and then increased. At salt content（ S c）>0.9%, cutting propagation of T. chinensis was difficult, and there was a considerable decrease in its biomass. The effectiveness of ABT in improving the survival rate and growth of T. chinensis cuttings became increasingly pronounced as the salt stress level increased. (2) T. chinensis was found to adapt to salt stress through increased Chl content. However, excess salt stress inhibited Chl synthesis. ABT can be used to widen the range of tolerance of T. chinensis seedlings to salt stress during Chl synthesis. (3) T. chinensis can eliminate excess reactive oxide species (ROS) by enhancing SOD and POD activities. An excess accumulation of ROS will impede the increase in enzyme activities. ABT can help improve T. chinensis seedling enzyme system regulation and was found to be most effective at a concentration of 100 mg·L -1 . (4) ABT can reduce MDA accumulation and damage caused by membrane lipid peroxidation (MLP). ABT at a concentration of 100 mg·L -1 was found to be highly effective in reducing MDA content. Conclusions: ABT was effective in improving the survival rate and the growth and physiological regulatory abilities of T. chinensis cuttings under salt stress. ABT enhanced the resistance of T. chinensis to salt stress. However, under high S c (>0.9%) and ABT concentration (>100 mg·L -1 ) conditions, the physiological regulatory ability of T. chinensis seedlings exposed to salt stress weakened. At S c of 0.9%, T. chinensis seedlings pre-treated with ABT at 100 mg·L -1 exhibited the most vigorous growth, highest biomass, and highest physiological and biochemical regulatory abilities.
Gait Training with Wearable Hip-assist Robot Reduce Trunk and Leg Muscle Efforts and Metabolic Energy Consumption in Community Dwelling Elderly Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Hwang-Jae , Lee Su Hyun , Chang Won Hyuk , Seo Keehong , Lee Jusuk , Choi Byung-Ok , Ryu Gyu-Ha , Kim Yun-Hee 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Wearable types of gait-assist robots have been developed to provide additional advantages such as being easily transportable, producing a more natural gait pattern, and being simple to control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intensive gait training with a newly developed wearable hip-assist robot on gait function and cardiopulmonary metabolic energy efficiency in community-dwelling elderly adults.

Methods: Total of 27 community-dwelling elderly adults with age-related problems completed in this intervention study (15 experimental group and 12 control group) . The experimental participants received an intensive gait training program with a total of 10 sessions involving five sessions of treadmill and five sessions of over-ground gait training with the wearable hip-assist robot. The control group received gait training without a wearable-hip assist robot. The primary outcomes were gait functions (spatio-temporal parameters and muscle effort). The secondary outcome was cardiopulmonary metabolic energy consumption.

Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly greater improvements after intervention in spatio-temporal parameters (gait speed, cadence, and stride length) and reduced muscle efforts (trunk and lower extremity) with gait (p < 0.05). In addition, the reduction in oxygen consumption (ml/min/kg) was about 16.31% in the experimental group after intervention. Furthermore, the reduction in the aerobic energy expenditure measurement (Kcal/min) was about 17.36% in the experimental group after intensive gait training with wearable hip-assist robot. All cardiopulmonary metabolic energy consumption parameters in the experimental group were reduced significantly more than in the control group (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: The intensive gait training with a wearable hip-assist robot was effective in improving gait function and cardiopulmonary metabolic energy efficiency in community-dwelling elderly adults with age-related problems.

Trial registration: NCT02843828, registration date: 07/14/2016 - retrospectively registered
Phylogeny of teleost connexins reveals highly inconsistent intra- and interspecies use of nomenclature and misassemblies in recent teleost chromosome assemblies
Authors: Mikalsen Svein Ole , Tausen Marni , Kongsstovu Sunnvør í 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Based on an initial collecting of database sequences from the gap junction protein gene family (also called connexin genes) in a few teleosts, the naming of these sequences appeared variable. The reasons could be (i) that the structure in this family is variable across teleosts, or (ii) unfortunate naming. Rather clear rules for the naming of genes in fish and mammals have been outlined by nomenclature committees, including the naming of orthologous and ohnologous genes. We therefore analyzed the connexin gene family in teleosts in more detail. We covered the range of divergence times in teleosts (eel, Atlantic herring, zebrafish, Atlantic cod, three-spined stickleback, Japanese pufferfish and spotted pufferfish; listed from early divergence to late divergence). Results: The gene family pattern of connexin genes is similar across the analyzed teleosts. However, (i) several nomenclature systems are used, (ii) specific orthologous groups contain genes that are named differently in different species, (iii) several distinct genes have the same name in a species, and (iv) some genes have incorrect names. The latter includes a human connexin pseudogene, claimed as GJA4P, but which in reality is Cx39.2P (a delta subfamily gene often called GJD2like). We point out the ohnologous pairs of genes in teleosts, and we suggest a more consistent nomenclature following the outlined rules from the nomenclature committees. We further show that connexin sequences can indicate some errors in two high-quality chromosome assemblies that became available very recently. Conclusions: Minimal consistency exists in the present practice of naming teleost connexin genes. A consistent and unified nomenclature would be an advantage for future automatic annotations and would make various types of subsequent genetic analyses easier. Additionally, roughly 5% of the connexin sequences point out misassemblies in the new high-quality chromosome assemblies from herring and cod.
Long-term Outcomes of Conservative Treatment and Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Symptomatic Spontaneous Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Xu Leyin , Zhang Daming , Qiu Chenyang , Wang Jingjing , Li Kang , Fang Lijing , Zhang Xin , Lei Jinsong , Lai Zhichao , Ma Jiangyu , Yu Yanying , Yu Xiaoxi , Du Fenghe , Qi Wanting , Chen Junye , Liu Bao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SISMAD) is a rare vascular disorder and the treatment strategies remain controversial. This study aimed to compare outcomes of conservative and endovascular treatments in symptomatic patients with SISMAD. Methods: Forty-two consecutive SISMAD patients between October 2009 and May 2018 in a single center were enrolled in the study. Based on their symptoms, 15 had conservative treatment and 27 had endovascular treatment. The baseline characteristics, treatments, and follow-up results of the conservative group and endovascular group were analyzed. Results: The rate of symptom relief was 93.3% in the conservative group and 96.3% in the endovascular group, respectively. The procedure-related complications in the endovascular group included one case of pseudoaneurysm formation in the left brachial artery. During the follow-up period (median 28.5 months), a higher proportion of patients in the conservative group had symptom recurrence (42.9% in the conservative group versus 4.8% in the endovascular group, p < 0.001). Four patients in the conservative group and one patient in the endovascular group had additional endovascular intervention during follow-up. Compared with the conservative group, patients in the endovascular group had statistically significantly longer symptom-free survival ( p = 0.014) and a higher rate of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) remodeling ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: For symptomatic SISMAD, endovascularly treated patients had a lower rate of symptom recurrence and a higher rate of SMA remodeling in the long term. Endovascular treatment should be considered as the first-line treatment of SISMAD.
Bile pigment in small-bowel water content reflects bowel habits: a retrospective analysis of a capsule-endoscopy imaging series
Authors: Aoyama Taiki , Fukumoto Akira , Shigita Kenjiro , Asayama Naoki , Mukai Shinichi , Nagata Shinji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Pigmented bile salts darken the small-bowel lumen and are present with bile acid, which is involved in the development of bowel habits. The small-bowel water content (SBWC) in the ileum could represent the colonic environment, although no studies have focused on this feature. However, measurement of the crude SBWC can be challenging because of the technical difficulty of the endoscopic approach without preparation. Our aim was to evaluate optically active bile pigments in the SBWC of patients with abnormal bowel habits using capsule endoscopy (CE), to investigate the impact of bile acid on bowel habits. In addition to conventional imaging, we used flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) setting 1 imaging, in which the effects of bile pigments on color are suppressed.Methods The study population included 37 constipated patients, 20 patients with diarrhea, and 77 patients with normal bowel habits who underwent CE between January 2015 and May 2018. Patients with secondary abnormal bowel habits were excluded. Intergroup color differences of SBWC in the ileum (ΔE) were evaluated from conventional and FICE setting 1 images. Color values were assessed using the CIE L*a*b* color space. Differences in lightness (black to white, range 0 to 100) of SBWC were also evaluated.Results Values of ΔE calculated from comparisons of conventional images of constipated and normal-bowel-habit patients, and patients with diarrhea and normal-bowel-habit patients were 11.3 and 10.7, respectively. These values decreased to 3.9 and 3.2, respectively, when FICE setting 1 images were evaluated. The SBWC lightness of patients with constipation and diarrhea was significantly brighter (34.0 versus 27.2, P < .0001) and darker (18.8 versus 27.2, P < .0001), respectively, compared with the normal-bowel-habit patients. Examination of the FICE setting 1 images did not reveal significant differences in SBWC lightness between the constipated and normal-bowel-habit groups (44.7 versus 46.7, P = .33) or between the diarrhea and normal-bowel-habit groups (44.7 versus 42.3, P = .39).Conclusions Differences in color and darkness of the SBWC in the ileum appear to be attributable to bile pigments. Therefore, bile pigments in SBWC could reflect bowel habits.
In vitro synergistic potentials of novel antibacterial combination therapies against Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli
Authors: Hossain Md. Akil , Park Hae-Chul , Lee Kwang-jick , Park Sung-Won , Park Seung-Chun , Kang JeongWoo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The antibiotics generally used in farm animals are rapidly losing their effectiveness all over the world as bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. New strategies are needed to block the development of resistance and to prolong the life of traditional antibiotics. This study aimed to increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics by combining them with the opportunistic phenolic compounds gallic acid (GA), epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and hamamelitannin. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were determined. Based on the FICI and clinical importance, 3 combinations were selected to evaluate their effects on the virulence factors of these bacteria. The in vitro cytotoxicity of GA and hamamelitannin in Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell lines were evaluated.
Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of epigallocatechin, GA and hamamelitannin found against different strains were (512–1024), (256–1024) and (512–2048) μg/mL, respectively. Synergistic effects were obtained from combinations of thiamphenicol-GA (FICI: 0.28), erythromycin-hamamelitannin (FICI: 0.38) and thiamphenicol-hamamelitannin (FICI: 0.50) against E. coli, and erythromycin-epicatechin gallate (FICI: 0.50) against S. Typhimurium. Moreover, additive effects were obtained from 33 combinations against S. Typhimurium (FICI: 0.502~0.750) and E. coli (FICI: 0.502~0.625). The time-kill assays and ultrastructural morphology showed that GA-ceftiofur, and hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations more efficiently inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium and E. coli, respectively, compared to individual antibiotics. Biofilm viability and swimming and swarming motilities of S. Typhimurium in presence of GA-ceftiofur, and E. coli in presence of hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations were more competently inhibited than individual antimicrobials. The inhibitory concentrations 50% (IC50) of GA and hamamelitannin in IEC-6 cells were 564.55 μM and 988.54 μM, respectively.
Conclusions: This study suggest that GA-ceftiofur combination can be potential medication to treat S. Typhimurium-associated diarrhea and prevent S. Typhimurium-associated blood-stream infections (e.g.: fever) in farm animals. Hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations can be effective in restricting E. coli contamination in farm animals, and ultimately its transmission from animal to human. Further study to confirm these effects and safety profiles in in vivo system should be undertaken for establishing these combinations as medications.
Transcriptomic and microstructural analyses in Liriodendron tulipifera Linn. reveal candidate genes involved in nectary development and nectar secretion
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Ma Jikai , Li Huogen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Nectar is a major floral attractant and reward for insects that ensures pollination. Liriodendron, a genus of the Magnoliaceae family, includes only two relict species, L. chinense and L. tulipifera, which are considered “basal angiosperms” according to plant evolutionary history. The flowers of Liriodendron plants are insect pollinated and secrete nectar to attract pollinators. To date, the morphology and anatomy of nectaries, the mechanism of nectar secretion and the molecular mechanism of nectary development in Liriodendron remain poorly understood.
Methods: In this study, we examined the nectary surface cells and change in starch in L. tulipifera by using scanning electron microscopy and periodic acid-Schiff techniques to select appropriate samples for subsequent research. Transcriptome sequencing was of the top and middle parts of immature nectaries and the middle part of mature and postsecretory nectaries in L. tulipifera was performed. We evaluated the expression profiles of 21 DEGs that are closely related to nectary development and nectar secretion for real-time quantitative PCR analysis.
Results: L. tulipifera nectaries are starch-storing nectaries and are located in the top and middle parts of L. tulipifera petals. After analyzing the RNA-seq data, we obtained 115.26 Gb of clean data in 12 libraries and mapped the results to the L. chinense reference genome with 71.02%-79.77% efficiency. In total, 26,955 DEGs were identified by performing six pairwise comparisons. The flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were enriched and related to nectar secretion and pigment change. We identified 56 transcription factor
families, and members of the TCP, Trihelix, C2H2, ERF, and MADS families changed dynamically during nectary development. Moreover, to further verify the accuracy of the RNA-seq results, we validated the expression profiles of 21 candidate genes.
Conclusions: We evaluated the nectary development and secretion processes comprehensively and identified many related candidate genes in L. tulipifera. These findings suggest that nectaries play important roles in flavonoid synthesis and petal color presentation.
Carnitine metabolism and maximum oxygen consumption in young athletes
Authors: Rylova N. V. , Zholinsky A. V. , Biktimirova A. A. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose. To assess physical performance of children doing sports on the basis of carnitine exchange indicators.Characteristics of children and research methods. The study involved 94 young athletes and 37 schoolchildren (Control Group). The researchers studied such indicators as free and bound carnitine, maximum oxygen consumption and body composition.Results. The study noted positive reliable correlations between the level of absolute maximum oxygen consumption and the content of total and free carnitine in the blood. The data obtained may indicate greater aerobic performance in athletes with a high level of free carnitine in the blood, since its sufficient amount provides adequate cellular energy exchange.Conclusion. Thus, studying the state of carnitine indicators and body composition, it is possible to predict physical performance of children and to prevent deterioration of health in children during intense physical exertion.