bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential specific therapies in COVID-19
Authors: Gul Muhammad Hamdan , Htun Zin Mar , Shaukat Nauman , Imran Muhammad , Khan Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 has grown into a global pandemic that has strained healthcare throughout the world. There is a sense of urgency in finding a cure for this deadly virus. In this study, we reviewed the empiric options used in common practice for COVID-19, based on the literature available online, with an emphasis on human experiences with these treatments on severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-COV-1) and other viruses. Convalescent blood products are the most promising potential treatment for use in COVID-19. The use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), remdesivir, and tocilizumab are some of the other promising potential therapies; however, they are yet to be tested in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The use of lopinavir-ritonavir did not prove beneficial in a large RCT. The use of corticosteroids should be avoided in COVID-19 pneumonia unless used for other indications, based on the suggestion of harm in patients with SARS-COV-1 and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) infection. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Gut microbiota modification suppresses the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in an SU5416/hypoxia rat model
Authors: Sanada Takayuki J. , Hosomi Koji , Shoji Hiroki , Park Jonguk , Naito Akira , Ikubo Yumiko , Yanagisawa Asako , Kobayashi Takayuki , Miwa Hideki , Suda Rika , Sakao Seiichiro , Mizuguchi Kenji , Kunisawa Jun , Tanabe Nobuhiro , Tatsumi Koichiro 
Published: May 2020

The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension is closely associated with dysregulated inflammation. Recently, abnormal alterations in gut microbiome composition and function were reported in a pulmonary arterial hypertension experimental animal model. However, it remains unclear whether these alterations are a result or the cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether alterations in the gut microbiome affected the hemodynamics in SU5416/hypoxia rats. We used the SU5416/hypoxia rat model in our study. SU5416/hypoxia rats were treated with a single SU5416 injection (30 mg/kg) and a three‐week hypoxia exposure (10% O2). Three SU5416/hypoxia rats were treated with a combination of four antibiotics (SU5416/hypoxia + ABx group) for four weeks. Another group was exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) without the SU5416 treatment, and control rats received no treatment. Fecal samples were collected from each animal, and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic treatment significantly suppressed the vascular remodeling, right ventricular hypertrophy, and increase in the right ventricular systolic pressure in SU5416/hypoxia rats. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed gut microbiota modification in SU5416/hypoxia + ABx group. The Firmicutes‐to‐Bacteroidetes ratio in SU5416/hypoxia rats was significantly higher than that in control and hypoxia rats. Compared with the control microbiota, 14 bacterial genera, including Bacteroides and Akkermansia, increased, whereas seven bacteria, including Rothia and Prevotellaceae, decreased in abundance in SU5416/hypoxia rats. Antibiotic‐induced modification of the gut microbiota suppresses the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Dysbiosis may play a causal role in the development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Right ventricular adaptation in the critical phase after acute intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism
Authors: Lyhne Mads Dam , Schultz Jacob Gammelgaard , Kramer Anders , Mortensen Christian Schmidt , Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik , Andersen Asger 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The haemodynamic response following acute, intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism is not well described. We aimed to describe the cardiovascular changes in the initial, critical phase 0–12 hours after acute pulmonary embolism in an in-vivo porcine model.

Methods
Pigs were randomly allocated to pulmonary embolism (n = 6) or sham (n = 6). Pulmonary embolism was administered as autologous blood clots (20 × 1 cm) until doubling of mean pulmonary arterial pressure or mean pulmonary arterial pressure was greater than 34 mmHg. Sham animals received saline. Cardiopulmonary changes were evaluated for 12 hours after intervention by biventricular pressure–volume loop recordings, invasive pressure measurements, arterial and central venous blood gas analyses.

Results
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased (P &lt; 0.0001) and stayed elevated for 12 hours in the pulmonary embolism group compared to sham. Pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular arterial elastance (right ventricular afterload) were increased in the first 11 and 6 hours, respectively, after pulmonary embolism (P &lt; 0.01 for both) compared to sham. Right ventricular ejection fraction was reduced (P &lt; 0.01) for 8 hours, whereas a near-significant reduction in right ventricular stroke volume was observed (P = 0.06) for 4 hours in the pulmonary embolism group compared to sham. Right ventricular ventriculo–arterial coupling was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) for 6 hours following acute pulmonary embolism despite increased right ventricular mechanical work in the pulmonary embolism group (P &lt; 0.01) suggesting right ventricular failure.

Conclusions
In a porcine model of intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism, the increased right ventricular afterload caused initial right ventricular ventriculo–arterial uncoupling and dysfunction. After approximately 6 hours, the right ventricular afterload returned to pre-pulmonary embolism values and right ventricular function improved despite a sustained high pulmonary arterial pressure. These results suggest an initial critical and vulnerable phase of acute pulmonary embolism before haemodynamic adaptation.
Perceptions and experiences of using mobile technology for medication adherence among older adults with coronary heart disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Park Linda G , Ng Fion , K Shim Janet , Elnaggar Abdelaziz , Villero Ofelia 
Published: May 2020

Objective Medication non-adherence is linked to adverse clinical outcomes (i.e. rehospitalization, mortality) among patients with coronary heart disease. Given its global adoption and growing popularity among older adults, mobile technology may be an effective strategy to improve medication adherence. The aim of this article is to present the perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs of individuals with coronary heart disease about using text messaging and mobile phone applications for medication adherence. Methods We recruited 28 participants (veterans and non-veterans) with a history of coronary heart disease and antiplatelet medication use in Northern California. We formed six focus groups of individuals who participated in three sessions (total 18 sessions). We analyzed our data using grounded theory. Results The median age was 69.5 ± 10.8 years for non-veterans (50% male) and 70 ± 8.6 years for veterans (100% male). In the first session, we found that participants perceived text message reminders as a convenient, easy, and flexible tool to establish a routine for taking medications. In the second session, participants were eager to use applications for their greater interactivity, individualized health monitoring, and personalized medication information. The third session, participants shared preferred features (i.e. drug interactions, tracking symptoms) after using two applications at home for 2 weeks. Conclusions Older adults are engaged and can be proficient mobile technology users. Text messaging and mobile phone applications are perceived as helpful tools for medication adherence. Future research should include rigorous clinical trials to test the efficacy of mobile health technology to promote medication adherence in populations that require strict medication adherence.
Sustainable development and openness in oil-exporting countries: green growth and brown growth
Authors: Khodaparast Shirazi Jalil , Mohamad Taghvaee Vahid , Nasiri Mohamad , Assari Arani Abbas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhat is the nexus between sustainability and openness? This study employs econometric methods to estimate a neoclassical growth model, considering brown and green growth as two pillars of sustainability, in ten oil-exporting countries during 1990–2012. Based on the results, the nexus is non-linear and U-shaped, depending on the level of openness. From the green growth viewpoint, the current relationship of sustainability with openness is negative in the sample, but it becomes positive in the higher levels of openness. From the brown growth perspective, not only the current relationship of openness with sustainability is positive, but also it can become stronger in the higher level of openness. They are proofs for the openness acting as a catalyst for sustainability in the sample. All the oil-exporting countries are suggested to open their economy wider and wider since the sustainability and openness nexus either is already positive or it becomes positive in the higher degrees of openness. So, sustainability is a flimsy pretext to discourage the openness since it is a positively effective strategy in the long-term, notwithstanding its potentially negative effects in the short-run which creates a gap.
Tension-type headache, its relation to stress, and how to relieve it by cryotherapy among academic students
Authors: Hassan Mona , Asaad Tarek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Tension-type headache and stress are common students’ problems suffering. Alternative and complementary medicine, as cryotherapy, is effective for relieving physical and psychological pain; using ice compresses by placing it at the back of the neck, leads to relief of tension and anxiety, and gives feeling of relaxation and full of energy for doing daily life activities. The findings from this study will provide the basis for the formulation of future research questions that can explore the effect of cryotherapy for treatment of many psychological problems, specifically, researches that consider the role of cryotherapy for treatment of physical and psychological problems.

Aim of the study
This study aimed to assess tension-type headache, its relation to stress, and how to relieve it by cryotherapy, among academic students.

Results
Results revealed that there is an association between stress and tension-type headache, as the level of stress increased, the occurrence of tension-type headache increased.

Conclusion
Academic students experience stress appearing as physical and psychological symptoms that affect their daily life activities. There is a significant relationship between level of stress and TTH, with diurnal pattern, location, severity, and duration of TTH. After applying cryotherapy (ice compresses) in relieving TTH, students feel analgesia, relaxation, increased effort, and alertness, added to that decreased mental tension and recurrence of headache to a minimum level.
Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Carica papaya flowers
Authors: Dwivedi Manish Kumar , Sonter Shruti , Mishra Shringika , Patel Digvesh Kumar , Singh Prashant Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Carica papaya is an eminent medicinal plant used all over the world to treat several diseases like malaria, dengue, inflammation, and skin infections. In this study, preliminary phytochemical screening for C. papaya flowers was carried out using different methods as TLC screening and UV-spectroscopy along with evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Methods were also developed for TLC and UV-visible spectroscopic analysis of the extracts.

Results
Results of phytochemical screening revealed that the methanol extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins as major components. Saponins and tannins were present in chloroform and n-hexane extracts; however, steroids and flavonoids were additionally found in n-hexane extract. Flavonoids, saponins, and tannins were present in aqueous extract of papaya flower. TLC and UV-visible spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids in different plant extracts. The total phenolic content (0.76 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g dry weight) and total flavonoid content (1.53 ± 0.10 mg QE/g dry weight) were the highest in the n-hexane extract of the flower. Antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging assay was the highest in n-hexane extract (64.07%). Antibacterial screening was carried out using well diffusion method against two pathogens Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial assays of the extracts displayed the highest activity in methanolic extract against both E. coli (4.00 ± 0.08) and B. subtilis (01.00 ± 0.05).

Conclusion
This is the first report for the presence of alkaloids and saponins in C. papaya flowers. Also, it is the first report for determination of total phenolics and total flavonoids in C. papaya flowers. Methanolic extract displayed considerable antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of phytochemical extracts make them attractive alternative complementary medicines. More chemical investigation for chemical constituents is important for further drug development programs.

Graphical abstract
Narrative of Origin and Utopia in Lucrecia Martel’s Nueva Argirópolis
Authors: Gómez Leila 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article offers a reading of Lucrecia Martel’s film short Nueva Argirópolis (2010) in light of Domingo F. Sarmiento’s treatise Argirópolis (1850). Both Sarmiento’s text and Martel’s film address the question of landownership, river navigation, and the inequal distribution of territorial and national wealth. Nueva Argirópolis is one part of a cinematographic project that brought together twenty-five directors for the occasion of the bicentennial of the Argentine revolution. Martel’s eight-minute story takes as its point of departure the ideas of Sarmiento, one of the founders of the nation: through her fiction, she tells how original Argentine peoples adopted Sarmiento’s proposal. In speaking of her inspiration for the film, Martel refers to both her work and Sarmiento’s as bold texts that fall within the genre of science fiction. The present essay considers the reasons for the audacity of the proposals in both texts and, at the same time, why both were unsuccessful.
Translating and Retranslating “Fallen Star”
Authors: Hernandez Sarah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article provides a comparative close reading of Ella Deloria’s and Stephen Riggs’s translations of the ancient and sacred Dakota creation story “Fallen Star.” Although Deloria, a fluent Dakota/Lakota speaker, published several books on the Dakota oral storytelling tradition, Riggs is often viewed as the expert on Dakota culture, language, and literature. The impulse to privilege Riggs is problematic, because it is a new iteration of settler colonialism and patriarchy that further oppresses the Dakota nation and delegitimizes its rich and complex literary traditions. As an ethnologist and linguist, Riggs transformed the rich and complex Dakota oral storytelling tradition into a static cultural artifact. This article examines how Deloria corrected Riggs’s work to incorporate tribally specific beliefs, values, and worldviews into a new interpretation of “Fallen Star.”
Tales of (De)colonization in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Mazzotti José Antonio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article presents some results of a long-term research project on the Iskonawa, a Peruvian Amazon community that until recently many specialists considered gone. The few living speakers hold a world of knowledge and oral tradition that a team of Peruvian researchers has been collecting since 2010. Some Iskonawa myths of origin and survival tell us about their relationship with nature, their use of animals and plants, and a bleak future of deforestation, contamination, drug trafficking, and other crimes. In some of these narratives, it is possible to find alternative views of nature and the world in general that challenge the Western and neoliberal approach to the Amazonian basin.
Ensemble machine learning modeling for the prediction of artemisinin resistance in malaria
Authors: Ford Colby T. , Janies Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Resistance in malaria is a growing concern affecting many areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Since the emergence of artemisinin resistance in the late 2000s in Cambodia, research into the underlying mechanisms has been underway. The 2019 Malaria Challenge posited the task of developing computational models that address important problems in advancing the fight against malaria. The first goal was to accurately predict artemisinin drug resistance levels of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, as quantified by the IC50. The second goal was to predict the parasite clearance rate of malaria parasite isolates based on in vitro transcriptional profiles. In this work, we develop machine learning models using novel methods for transforming isolate data and handling the tens of thousands of variables that result from these data transformation exercises. This is demonstrated by using massively parallel processing of the data vectorization for use in scalable machine learning. In addition, we show the utility of ensemble machine learning modeling for highly effective predictions of both goals of this challenge. This is demonstrated by the use of multiple machine learning algorithms combined with various scaling and normalization preprocessing steps. Then, using a voting ensemble, multiple models are combined to generate a final model prediction.
Evaluation of dental arches in orthodontic patients with condylar hyperplasia in a North Sumatra subpopulation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sofyanti Ervina , Boel Trelia , Satria Denny , Ritonga Zuriyah Fionita , Hasibuan Indah Hafniar 
Published: May 2020

Background: Condylar Hyperplasia (CH) is a self-limiting mandibular condyle disorder that shows asymmetry progress conjunction with associated occlusal changes as long as condylar growth is still active and leads to facial asymmetry. This study aimed to evaluate dental arches by analyzing dental arch asymmetry and form in orthodontic patients with CH in a North Sumatra subpopulation. Methods: This is a retrospective study of suspected CH patient’s clinical records who sought for the initial orthodontic treatment between January 2015 to March 2019. Patient with facial asymmetry (based on photography, posterior cross bite and midline deviation), positive temporomandibular joint disorder in functional analysis, and no history of facial trauma were included in the study. Dental arch asymmetry was based on the measurement of dental midline deviation, canine tip in the dental arch, distance of the upper canines from the palatal suture, and inter canine distance. The evaluation of dental arch was achieved by comparing arch width and length. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) of upper canine distance from the palatal suture in female patients when evaluating upper dental arch asymmetry. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.379) in midline deviation between upper and lower dental arch. The dimension and dental arch form was mid and flat, and there was moderate correlation (r=0.448) between the upper and lower dental arch form in these CH patients. Conclusion: The evaluation of dental arch symmetry and arch form showed asymmetric occlusal characteristics in orthodontics patient with CH in North Sumatera subpopulation. In treating these patients, we recommend the plaster cast evaluation as essential and routine procedure in order to understand the complexity of occlusal change due to active growth of condylar and limitation in radiography evaluation.
Contextualizing COVID-19 spread: a county level analysis, urban versus rural, and implications for preparing for the next wave
Authors: Rao J. Sunil , Zhang Hang , Mantero Alejandro 
Published: May 2020

Background: Contextual determinants of health including social, environmental, healthcare and others, are a so-called deck of cards one is dealt. The ability to modify health outcomes varies then based upon how one’s hand is played. It is thus of great interest to understand how these determinants associate with the emerging pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: To this end, we conducted a deep-dive analysis into this problem using a recently curated public dataset on COVID-19 that connects infection spread over time to a rich collection of contextual determinants for all counties of the U.S and Washington, D.C. Results: Using random forest machine learning methodology, we identified a relevant constellation of contextual factors of disease spread which manifest differently for urban and rural counties. Conclusions: The findings also have clear implications for better preparing for the next wave of disease.
Analysis of the health product pipeline for poverty-related and neglected diseases using the Portfolio-to-Impact (P2I) modeling tool
Authors: Bandara Shashika , Chapman Nick , Chowdhary Vipul , Doubell Anna , Hynen Amelia , Rugarabamu George , Gunn Alexander , Yamey Gavin 
Published: May 2020

Background: To estimate how much additional funding is needed for poverty-related and neglected disease (PRND) product development and to target new resources effectively, policymakers need updated information on the development pipeline and estimated costs to fill pipeline gaps. Methods: We previously conducted a pipeline review to identify candidates for 35 neglected diseases as of August 31, 2017 (“2017 pipeline”). We used the Portfolio-to-Impact (P2I) tool to estimate costs to move these candidates through the pipeline, likely launches, and additional costs to develop “missing products.” We repeated this analysis, reviewing the pipeline to August 31, 2019 to get a time trend. We made a direct comparison based on the same 35 diseases (“2019 direct comparison pipeline”), then a comparison based on an expanded list of 45 diseases (“2019 complete pipeline”). Results: In the 2017 pipeline, 538 product candidates met inclusion criteria for input into the model; it would cost $16.3 billion (B) to move these through the pipeline, yielding 128 launches. In the 2019 direct comparison pipeline, we identified 690 candidates, an increase of 152 candidates from 2017; the largest increase was for Ebola. The direct comparison 2019 pipeline yields 196 launches, costing $19.9B. In the 2019 complete pipeline, there were 754 candidates, an increase of 216 candidates from 2017, of which 152 reflected pipeline changes and 64 reflected changes in scope. The complete pipeline 2019 yields 207 launches, costing $21.0B. There would still be 16 “missing products” based on the complete 2019 pipeline; it would cost $5.5B-$14.2B (depending on product complexity) to develop these products. Conclusion: The PRNDs product development pipeline has grown by over a quarter in two years. The number of expected new product launches based on the 2019 pipeline increased by half compared to 2017; the cost of advancing the pipeline increased by a quarter.
Wielokulturowość w pracy nauczyciela
Authors: Orzeł-Dereń Kinga 
Published: May 2020

Multiculturalism in Teachers’ Work
The article relates to the issue of multiculturalism in teachers’ work. Issues are raised concerning the education of children belonging to both national and ethnic minorities, as well as concerning the education of foreign children, including children of migrants and refugees and children from mixed marriages. The following sections present subjects related to the right to learn and respect the cultural identity of children, education of national and ethnic minorities in Poland, and the education of foreign children in Poland in the context of multicultural educational opportunities and threats. Differences between the approaches to education of children who belong to national and ethnic minorities and foreign children are portrayed. The article presents issues of stereotyping and prejudice in the context of children.