bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Bleeding with Exposure to Warfarin and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Villa Zapata Lorenzo , Hansten Philip D. , Panic Jennifer , Horn John R. , Boyce Richard D. , Gephart Sheila , Subbian Vignesh , Romero Andrew , Malone Daniel C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Warfarin use can trigger the occurrence of bleeding independently or as a result of a drug–drug interaction when used in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Objectives This article examines the risk of bleeding in individuals exposed to concomitant warfarin and NSAID compared with those taking warfarin alone (Prospero Registry ID 145237).
Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. The primary outcome of interest was gastrointestinal bleeding and general bleeding. Summary effects were calculated to estimate average treatment effect using random effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I
2. Risk of bias was also assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality bias assessment tool.
Results A total of 651 studies were identified, of which 11 studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The odds ratio (OR) for gastrointestinal bleeding when exposed to warfarin and an NSAID was 1.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–2.53). The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding was also significantly elevated with exposure to a COX-2 inhibitor and warfarin relative to warfarin alone (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.46–2.46). There was an increased risk of general bleeding with the combination of warfarin with NSAIDs (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.18–2.12) or COX-2 inhibitors (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.86–2.78) compared with warfarin alone.
Conclusion Risk of bleeding is significantly increased among persons taking warfarin and a NSAID or COX-2 inhibitor together as compared with taking warfarin alone. It is important to caution patients about taking these medications in combination.
Anatomic Assessment of the Limits of an Endoscopically Assisted Retrolabyrinthine Approach to the Internal Auditory Canal
Authors: Muelleman Thomas J. , Maxwell Anne K. , Peng Kevin A. , Brackmann Derald E. , Lekovic Gregory P. , Mehta Gautam U. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective Data regarding the surgical advantages and anatomic constraints of a hearing-preserving endoscopic-assisted retrolabyrinthine approach to the IAC are scarce. This study aimed to define the minimum amount of retrosigmoid dural exposure necessary for endoscopic exposure of the IAC and the surgical freedom of motion afforded by this approach.Methods Presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approaches were performed on fresh cadaveric heads. The IAC was exposed under endoscopic guidance. The retrosigmoid posterior fossa dura was decompressed until the fundus of the IAC was exposed. Surgical freedom of motion at the fundus was calculated after both retrolabyrinthine and translabyrinthine approaches.Results The IAC was entirely exposed in nine specimens with a median length of 12 mm (range: 10–13 mm). Complete IAC exposure could be achieved with 1 cm of retrosigmoid dural exposure in eight of nine mastoids. For the retrolabyrinthine approach, the median anterior–posterior surgical freedom was 13 degrees (range: 6–23 degrees) compared with 46 degrees (range: 36–53 degrees) for the translabyrinthine approach (p = 0.014). For the retrolabyrinthine approach, the median superior–inferior surgical freedom was 40 degrees (range 33–46 degrees) compared with 47 degrees (range: 42–51 degrees) for the translabyrinthine approach (p = 0.022).Conclusion Using endoscopic assistance, the retrolabyrinthine approach can expose the entire IAC. We recommend at least 1.5 cm of retrosigmoid posterior fossa dura exposure for this approach. Although this strategy provides significantly less instrument freedom of motion in both the horizontal and vertical axes than the translabyrinthine approach, it may be appropriate for carefully selected patients with intact hearing and small-to–medium sized tumors involving the IAC.
The Postpartum Hemorrhage Patient Safety Bundle Implementation at a Single Institution: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Duzyj Christina M. , Boyle Carla , Mahoney Kathleen , Johnson Anna Rose , Ogot Grace , Ayers Charletta 
Published: May 2020

Objective In 2015, a multidisciplinary consensus bundle of recommendations for the anticipation and management of postpartum hemorrhage was published. Our goal was to evaluate the successes and failures of our institutional bundle implementation process.
Study Design An interdisciplinary committee was created to facilitate bundle implementation. All components of the bundle were addressed with cross-disciplinary teaching between stakeholders on the obstetrics units. Tools were built in the electronic medical record to facilitate bundle components of risk stratification, quantitative blood loss calculation, and stage-based hemorrhage management. Bundle components were individually evaluated for acceptability and sustainability. Overall rates of hemorrhage and transfusion from the periods 1 year before and after bundle implementation were also evaluated.
Results Readiness bundle components were successfully implemented, although simulation drills demonstrated limited sustainability. Recognition components were mixed: risk stratification was successfully and sustainably implemented while quantitative blood loss met resistance and was ultimately discontinued as it did not clinically perform superiorly to estimated blood loss. Among response and reporting elements, patient level support and team debriefing were noted as particular deficiencies in our program.
Conclusion The postpartum hemorrhage patient safety bundle provided concrete individual elements, which overall improved the success of a stratified program implementation. Multiple deficiencies in acceptability and sustainability were uncovered during our process, particularly concerns about quantitative blood loss implementation and team communication skills.
Key Points
Alleviation of drought stress and the physiological mechanisms in Citrus cultivar (Huangguogan) treated with methyl jasmonate
Authors: Xiong Bo , Wang Yuan , Zhang Yue , Ma Mengmeng , Gao Yifei , Zhou Zhiyang , Wang Bozhi , Wang Tie , Lv Xiulan , Wang Xun , Wang Jin , Deng Honghong , Wang Zhihui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The role of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in alleviating drought stress was investigated on Huangguogan. Except for intercellular CO2 concentration, MeJA had little effect on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate under drought stress. Compared with drought stress, MeJA significantly alleviated the decrease of chlorophyll content. However, chlorophyll a/b ratio was significantly increased. MeJA significantly increased proline and soluble sugar contents, significantly decreased the O2 −· and H2O2 levels, and increased SOD and POD activities. In addition, the MDA content of drought stress was the highest of all treatments. MeJA significantly reduced MDA content in drought-stressed Huangguogan leaves. Although the Ascorbic acid (AsA) contents of 500 and 1000 mg L−1 MeJA treatments were lower than that of 250 mg L−1 MeJA, but all concentration of MeJA treatments delayed the decline of AsA content. Therefore, MeJA could induce drought stress tolerance by increasing the osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant activities.
Effects of high temperature treatment of carbon nanotube arrays on graphite: increased crystallinity, anchoring and inter-tube bonding
Authors: Hansson Josef , Nylander Andreas , Flygare Mattias , Svensson Krister , Ye Lilei , Nilsson Torbjörn , Fu Yifeng , Liu Johan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Thermal treatment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can significantly improve their mechanical, electrical and thermal properties due to reduced defects and increased crystallinity. In this work we investigate the effect of annealing at 3000 °C of vertically aligned CNT arrays synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on graphite. Raman measurements show a drastically reduced amount of defects and, together with transmission electron microscope (TEM) diffraction measurements, an increased average crystallite size of around 50%, which corresponds to a 124% increase in Young’s modulus. We also find a tendency for CNTs to bond to each other with van der Waals (vdW) forces, which causes individual CNTs to closely align with each other. This bonding causes a densification effect on the entire CNT array, which appears at temperatures >1000 °C. The densification onset temperature corresponds to the thermal decomposition of oxygen containing functional groups, which otherwise prevents close enough contact for vdW bonding. Finally, the remaining CVD catalyst on the bottom of the CNT array is evaporated during annealing, enabling direct anchoring of the CNTs to the underlying graphite substrate.
Is Adaptation Studies Sustainable?
Authors: Meikle Kyle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe protagonists of Michel Gondry’s Be Kind Rewind recycle twice over, using junkyard stuff like tires and plastic bags to remake famous films in a series of no-budget shorts. This essay turns to Be Kind Rewind to ask how the recycling of materials may relate to the recycling of intellectual properties. It argues that such a question is paramount at a moment when adaptation not only represents a major media practice but also one major response to climate change. As such, the essay offers several different approaches to thinking about media adaptation in the age of global warming, drawing variously from sociologists, political ecologists, film theorists, and designers.
Variable Sculpting in Dynamic Definition Body Contouring: Procedure Selection and Management Algorithm
Authors: Hoyos Alfredo E , Perez Mauricio E , Domínguez-Millán Rodrigo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Currently, corporal perception has evolved among different ethnic groups and a tendency to change from a slim to an athletic shape has been influenced by geography, culture, race, gender, and social media. Although exercise improves health status, physical appearance does as well in the long term. Patients often opt for an immediate solution for which high-definition (HD) liposculpture has been the best choice. However, they differ on their preference regarding muscular definition.

Objectives
The authors presented a new therapeutic algorithm for HD liposculpture in harmony with body biotypes and patients’ preferences.

Methods
The authors reported their experience with 1772 consecutive patients, classified according to their body type in endomorph (217), ectomorph (195), and mesomorph (1360), and treated according to our new algorithm. Patients in general good health requesting HD liposculpture were included from June 2013 to September 2019. Pre- and postoperative photographs were taken to evaluate results.

Results
A total of 479 men and 1293 women were analyzed. Age ranged from 23 to 69 years in men and 18 to 57 years in women. Variable-degree HD liposculpture was successfully performed in all cases. Minor complications included port wound dehiscence (1.2%), seroma (4.1%), prolonged bruising (1.5%), and hyperchromia (10.4%). Superficial burns (0.7%), localized infection (0.4%), erratic skin adhesion (1%), and flap necrosis (0.4%) were also reported. A high-satisfaction index was reported in a nonstandardized patient survey.

Conclusions
The authors’ new algorithm helps in the decision-making for HD liposculpture according to variable degrees of muscle definition due to patients’ preferences.

Level of Evidence: 4
ENANO: Encoder for NANOpore FASTQ files
Authors: Dufort y Álvarez Guillermo , Seroussi Gadiel , Smircich Pablo , Sotelo José , Ochoa Idoia , Martín Álvaro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The amount of genomic data generated globally is seeing explosive growth, leading to increasing needs for processing, storage and transmission resources, which motivates the development of efficient compression tools for these data. Work so far has focused mainly on the compression of data generated by short-read technologies. However, nanopore sequencing technologies are rapidly gaining popularity due to the advantages offered by the large increase in the average size of the produced reads, the reduction in their cost and the portability of the sequencing technology. We present ENANO (Encoder for NANOpore), a novel lossless compression algorithm especially designed for nanopore sequencing FASTQ files.

Results
The main focus of ENANO is on the compression of the quality scores, as they dominate the size of the compressed file. ENANO offers two modes, Maximum Compression and Fast (default), which trade-off compression efficiency and speed. We tested ENANO, the current state-of-the-art compressor SPRING and the general compressor pigz on several publicly available nanopore datasets. The results show that the proposed algorithm consistently achieves the best compression performance (in both modes) on every considered nanopore dataset, with an average improvement over pigz and SPRING of &gt;24.7% and 6.3%, respectively. In addition, in terms of encoding and decoding speeds, ENANO is 2.9× and 1.7× times faster than SPRING, respectively, with memory consumption up to 0.2 GB.

Availability and implementation
ENANO is freely available for download at: https://github.com/guilledufort/EnanoFASTQ.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mapping the Brain-Wide Network Effects by Optogenetic Activation of the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Chen Yi , Sobczak Filip , Pais-Roldán Patricia , Schwarz Cornelius , Koretsky Alan P , Yu Xin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Optogenetically driven manipulation of circuit-specific activity enables causality studies, but its global brain-wide effect is rarely reported. Here, we applied simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and calcium recording with optogenetic activation of the corpus callosum (CC) connecting barrel cortices (BC). Robust positive BOLD was detected in the ipsilateral BC due to antidromic activity, spreading to the ipsilateral motor cortex (MC), and posterior thalamus (PO). In the orthodromic target, positive BOLD was reliably evoked by 2 Hz light pulses, whereas 40 Hz light pulses led to reduced calcium, indicative of CC-mediated inhibition. This presumed optogenetic CC-mediated inhibition was further elucidated by pairing light pulses with whisker stimulation at varied interstimulus intervals. Whisker-induced positive BOLD and calcium signals were reduced at intervals of 50/100 ms. The calcium-amplitude-modulation-based correlation with whole-brain fMRI signal revealed that the inhibitory effects spread to contralateral BC, ipsilateral MC, and PO. This work raises the need for fMRI to elucidate the brain-wide network activation in response to optogenetic stimulation.
Assessing Regional Sensitivity and Desensitization to Capsaicin Among Oral Cavity Mucosae
Authors: Berry Danica N , Simons Christopher T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to determine perceptual response differences and characterize desensitization to capsaicin over time across several oral cavity mucosae– the tongue, cheek, hard palate, and lip. For each region, subjects rated the intensity of capsaicin and a vehicle control over a 10-min period. Following a rest period, capsaicin was reapplied on each pretreated area and subjects indicated which side felt more irritated, then rated each side every 30 s over 3.5 min. Results from the initial task indicated significantly greater irritation on the tongue than hard palate, hard palate than cheek and lip, but no significant differences between the cheek and lip. Time to maximum intensity was delayed on the hard palate compared to the tongue, cheek, and lip. Desensitization, as indicated by a significant proportion of subjects choosing the vehicle-pretreated side over capsaicin-pretreated side as having stronger irritation, was exhibited on the tongue and hard palate but not the cheek and lip. Given these data, a secondary experiment that utilized a higher capsaicin concentration was conducted on the cheek and lip only. Results showed significantly higher overall irritation on the lip than the cheek. Desensitization was exhibited on both areas, although the extent was greater on the lip. Based on differences in sensitivity and the extent of desensitization among these areas, these results indicate that oral cavity mucosae respond to, but are impacted differently by, capsaicin exposure.
Importance of Pediatric Inclusion in COVID-19 Therapeutic Trials
Authors: Raabe Vanessa N , Lighter Jennifer , Caplan Arthur L , Ratner Adam J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Pediatric patients are excluded from most coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapeutic trials. We outline a rationale for the inclusion of children in COVID-19 therapeutic trials, which enabled us to include children of all ages in a therapeutic COVID-19 trial at our institution.
Dabigatran and the Risk of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Butt Jawad H , Fosbøl Emil L , Verhamme Peter , Gerds Thomas A , Iversen Kasper , Bundgaard Henning , Bruun Niels Eske , Larsen Anders R , Petersen Andreas , Andersen Paal S , Skov Robert L , Gislason Gunnar H , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Olesen Jonas B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Treatment with dabigatran, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, reduces the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in in vitro and in vivo models. However, it remains to be determined whether dabigatran reduces the risk of S. aureus infections in humans. We investigated the incidence rate of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran compared with patients treated with the factor Xa-inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban.

Methods
In this observational cohort study, 112 537 patients with atrial fibrillation who initiated treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (August 2011–December 2017) were identified from Danish nationwide registries. The incidence rates of SAB in patients treated with dabigatran versus patients treated with the factor Xa-inhibitors were examined by multivariable Cox regression accounting for time-dynamic changes in exposure status during follow-up.

Results
A total of 112 537 patients were included. During a median follow-up of 2.0 years, 186 patients in the dabigatran group and 356 patients in the factor Xa-inhibitor group were admitted with SAB. The crude incidence rate of SAB was lower in the dabigatran group compared with the factor Xa-inhibitor group (22.8 [95% confidence interval [CI], 19.7–26.3] and 33.8 [95% CI, 30.5–37.6] events per 10 000 person-years, respectively). In adjusted analyses, dabigatran was associated with a significantly lower incidence rate of SAB compared with factor Xa-inhibitors (incidence rate ratio, .76; 95% CI, .63–.93).

Conclusions
Treatment with dabigatran was associated with a significantly lower incidence rate of SAB compared with treatment with factor Xa-inhibitors.
Antimalarial Activity of Artefenomel Against Asexual Parasites and Transmissible Gametocytes During Experimental Blood-Stage Plasmodium vivax Infection
Authors: Collins Katharine A , Abd-Rahman Azrin N , Marquart Louise , Ballard Emma , Gobeau Nathalie , Griffin Paul , Chalon Stephan , Möhrle Jörg J , McCarthy James S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Interventions that effectively target Plasmodium vivax are critical for the future control and elimination of malaria. We conducted a P. vivax volunteer infection study to characterize the antimalarial activity of artefenomel, a new drug candidate.

Methods
Eight healthy, malaria-naive participants were intravenously inoculated with blood-stage P. vivax and subsequently received a single oral 200-mg dose of artefenomel. Blood samples were collected to monitor the development and clearance of parasitemia, and plasma artefenomel concentration. Mosquito feeding assays were conducted before artefenomel dosing to investigate parasite transmissibility.

Results
Initial parasite clearance occurred in all participants after artefenomel administration (log10 parasite reduction ratio over 48 hours, 1.67; parasite clearance half-life, 8.67 hours). Recrudescence occurred in 7 participants 11–14 days after dosing. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.62 ng/mL and minimum parasiticidal concentration that achieves 90% of maximum effect of 0.83 ng/mL were estimated, and a single 300-mg dose was predicted to clear 109 parasites per milliliter with 95% certainty. Gametocytemia developed in all participants and was cleared 4–8 days after dosing. At peak gametocytemia, 75% of participants were infectious to mosquitoes.

Conclusions
The in vivo antimalarial activity of artefenomel supports its further clinical development as a treatment for P. vivax malaria.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02573857.
When Prospective Leader Turnover Promotes Peace
Authors: Schub Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScholars typically associate leader turnover with a high risk of military conflict. This article shows that under some conditions, a higher likelihood of leader turnover in the future fosters peace today. When states take costly peaceful measures (e.g., arming to deter adversaries), the range of settlements preferable to war shrinks and the risk of conflict rises. If peace costs are onerous, potential leader turnover in adversaries promotes peace by introducing uncertainty about the future need for and costs of deterrent measures. When locked in a costly peace with minimal chance of leader turnover in the adversary, states attack. When locked in that same costly peace but with high prospects for leader turnover, states endure an unfavorable peace today given the potential for a favorable one tomorrow. Asymmetric consequences of future shifts in peace costs ensure the relationship holds even if costs do not change in expectation and could rise. Quantitative analyses of the prospects for future leader turnover, military spending, and war initiation among rivals accord with the hypothesized relationships. In theory and practice, expectations of leadership volatility make it prudent to exercise peaceful forbearance.
Updates and challenges of axon regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system
Authors: Qian Cheng , Zhou Feng-Quan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Axon regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has been a long-standing and highly challenging issue. Successful CNS axon regeneration will benefit many human diseases involving axonal damage, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, glaucoma, and neurodegenerative diseases. The current consensus is that the diminished intrinsic regenerative ability in mature CNS neurons and the presence of extrinsic inhibitors blocking axon regrowth are two major barriers for axon regeneration. During the past decade, studies targeting the intrinsic axon growth ability via regulation of gene transcription have produced very promising results in optic nerve and/or spinal cord regeneration. Manipulations of various signaling pathways or the nuclear transcription factors directly have been shown to sufficiently drive CNS axon regrowth. Converging evidence reveals that some pro-regenerative transcriptomic states, which are commonly accomplished by more comprehensive epigenetic regulations, exist to orchestrate the complex tasks of injury sensing and axon regeneration. Moreover, genetic reprogramming achieved via transcriptome and epigenome modifications provides novel mechanisms for enhancing axon regeneration. Recent studies also highlighted the important roles of remodeling neuronal cytoskeleton in overcoming the extrinsic inhibitory cues. However, our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons regulate their intrinsic axon regeneration ability and response to extrinsic inhibitory cues is still fragmented. Here, we provide an update about recent research progress in axon regeneration and discuss major remaining challenges for long-distance axon regeneration and the subsequent functional recovery.