bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden of overweight and its risk factors in urban Nepalese school adolescents: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaulagain Kamal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction Adolescents overweight are rising in both developing and developed countries. Overweight and obese adolescents are more likely to become obese adults which stimulate the risk of Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and so on. Adolescence is the critical period for development of unhealthy life styles and food choices which increases the risk of NCDs. The loss of productivity, premature deaths and disability has been associated with NCDs at younger ages. This study focuses on identifying the prevalence and associated risk factors with adolescents overweight. Methods A school based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gokarneshwor municipality of Nepal. A random sample of 558 students aged 10-19 years from nine schools was included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was filled out by the study participants. Anthropometric indices were measured and categorized using BMI for age Z-score. Descriptive statistics were carried out. Variables were considered for multivariable logistic regression if a Wald test p-value was ≤0.25 during bivariate logistic regression. The odds ratio with a 95% CI was calculated and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to declare the statistical significance of variables after fitting into the multivariable logistic regression. Results The prevalence of overweight among school adolescents was 17.9% (95% CI 14.7 to 21.1). The female adolescents were more likely to get overweight as compared to male adolescents (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.39). Similarly, the adolescents staying with more than four family members were less likely to get overweight as compared to their counterparts (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.95). There was no statistical significant association between adolescent overweight and age group, family type, school type, mothers’ occupation or fruits consumption. Conclusion The study findings highlighted the accelerated increase in the prevalence of overweight among school adolescents in Nepal. Therefore, appropriate nutritional intervention focusing on tackling overweight should be formulated and implemented so that the prevalence of overweight-associated non-communicable diseases can be minimized.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) for local staging of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Woo Sungmin , Ghafoor Soleen , Becker Anton S. , Han Sangwon , Wibmer Andreas , Hricak Hedvig , Burger Irene A. , Schöder Heiko , Vargas Hebert Alberto 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) has shown promise for detecting nodal and distant prostate cancer (PCa) metastases. However, its performance for local tumor staging is not as well established. The purpose of this study was to review the diagnostic performance of PSMA-PET for determining seminal vesical invasion (SVI) and extraprostatic extension (EPE).Methods: Pubmed and Embase databases were searched until January 12, 2020. Studies assessing accuracy of PSMA-PET in determining SVI and EPE were included. Study quality was evaluated with the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics modeling. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression analyses for anatomical imaging component (MRI vs CT) and by testing for a threshold effect.Results: 12 studies (615 patients) were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.68 (95%CI 0.53-0.81) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.90-0.96) for SVI and 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.84) and 0.87 (95%CI 0.72-0.94) for EPE. Meta-regression analyses showed that for SVI, PET/MRI demonstrated greater sensitivity than PET/CT (0.87 [95%CI 0.75-0.98] vs 0.60 [95% CI 0.47-0.74]; p = 0.02 for joint model) while specificity was comparable (0.91 [95%CI 0.84-0.97] vs. 0.96 [95%CI 0.93-0.99]) but not for EPE (p = 0.08). A threshold effect was present for studies assessing EPE (correlation coefficient = 0.563 [95% CI, -0.234-0.908] between sensitivity and false-positive rate).Conclusion: PSMA-PET has moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity for assessing local tumor extent in patients with PCa. PET/MRI shows significantly greater sensitivity than PET/CT for assessing SVI.
A comparative clinicopathological study between ultrasonography, mammography, FNAC and core needle biopsy of breast lump
Authors: Mandal Arnab , Jana Pradipta , Bakshi Sabyasachi , Mandal Ram Krishna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND:Early presentation and prompt diagnosis is the essential key in treatment of different variety of neoplastic as well as non-neoplastic breast disease. In this study usefulness of HRUSG, Mammography, FNAC and Core Needle Biopsy in correlation with histopathological pattern, was assessed.METHODS:After matching the criteria, 212 cases, were taken for this prospective, single center, observational study. RESULTS:Out of 212 cases, 163(76.88 %%) were benign lesions, 49(23.11%) were malignant and 1(0.47%) were of inflammatory pathology. Benign to malignant breast disease ratio was 3.3:1. Out of 49 malignant cases, 45 (91.83%) were ductal cell carcinoma and 4 (8.16%) was apocrine carcinoma. Maximum numbers of cancer patients were found in the 51- 60 year age groups.The sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value and Negative Predictive value of mammography in detecting carcinoma breast were 87.76%, 64.71%, 87.76% and 64.71% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of HRUSG in detecting carcinoma breast were 85.71%, 90.18%, 72.41% and 95.45% respectively.Among benign lesions, 47 (28.83) % were diagnosed by mammography and 147(90.18) % were diagnosed by HRUSG. When these modalities were combined, >95% of the lesions was diagnosed accurately.CONCLUSIONS:Ultra sound used liberally as an adjunct to mammography, increase the cancer detection rate. Core needle biopsy is found more accurate but FNAC have limited value in evaluation of benign breast lump. This study also proves that preoperative categorization of breast lesions is utmost important for management of the patient and this will help to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment.
A Health Care Professionals Training Needs Assessment for Oncology in Uganda
Authors: Byamugisha Josaphat , Munabi Ian G , Mubuuke Aloysius G. , Mwaka Amos D. , Kagawa Mike , Okullo Isaac , Niyonzima Nixon , Lusiba Pastan , Ainembabazi Peruth , Kankunda Caroline , Muhumuza Dennis D. , Orem Jackson , Atwine Diana , Ibingira Charles 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Cancer incidence and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa are increasing and do account for significant premature death. The expertise of the health care providers is critical to down staging cancer at diagnosis and improving survival in low- and middle-income countries. We set out to determine the training needs of health care providers for a comprehensive oncology services package in selected hospitals in Uganda, in order to inform capacity development intervention to improve cancer outcomes in the East African region.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional survey using the WHO Hennessey-Hicks questionnaire to identify the training needs of health workers involved in cancer care, across 22 hospitals in Uganda. Data were captured in real time using the open data kit platform from which the data was exported to Stata Version 15 for analysis using the Wilcoxon sign rank test and Somers-Delta.
Results
There were 199 respondent health professionals who were predominately female (146/199, 73.37%), with an average age of 38.97 years. There were 158/199 (79.40%) nurses, 24/199 (12.06%) medical doctors and 17/199 (8.54%) allied health professionals. Overall the research and audit domain had the highest ranking for all the health workers (Somers-D = 0.60). The respondent’s level of education had a significant effect on the observed ranking (P-value = 0.03). Most of the continuing medical education (CME) topic suggested by the participants were in the clinical task related category.
Conclusion
The “research and audit” domain was identified as the priority area for training interventions to improve oncology services in Uganda. There are opportunities for addressing the identified training needs with an expanded cancer CME program content, peer support networks and tailored training for the individual health care provider.
P2X7 on Mast Cells Participates in Peripheral Pain and Serves as A Potential Target for Salicylic Acid and Aspirin Analgesia
Authors: Jiang Yucui , Ye Fan , Du Ying , Tang Zongxiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. ATP is an important molecule closely related to many important physiological and pathologic functions. ATP-gated cation channel P2X receptors are widely distributed in various tissues of body, including nervous system and immune system. As an important member of P2X receptors, P2X7 is not only involved in pain, epilepsy, Parkinson’s diseases, but also in the formation of blood, respiratory and digestive diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of P2X receptors in mast cells for peripheral pain and the analgesic mechanism of salicylic acid and aspirin. Methods P2X receptors were examined and identified in mouse peritoneal mast cells by RT-PCR, intracellular calcium measurement and electrophysiology. The inflammatory mediators released from the activated mast cell were examined by real-time PCR and ELISA. Paw swelling, mechanical stimulation threshold and histopathological changes were tested to evaluate the peripheral pain in mice.Results The results showed that P2X1, P2X4, P2X7 receptors were expressed in mouse peritoneal mast cells. Mast cell was activated in a concentration-dependent manner by extracellular ATP, and the activation could be blocked by specific ion channel antagonists. In addition, high concentrations of ATP also induced mast cells to release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, IL-1β and CCL3 through P2X7 receptor. Furthermore, peripheral pain of the extracellular high concentration ATP to induce could be alleviated by P2X7 blockers or mast cell defects. We also found that salicylic acid and its derivation aspirin could inhibit high concentration ATP-induced inward current, release of inflammatory factors in mast cells, as well as the peripheral pain caused by high concentration ATP. Conclusions Together with these, we concluded that extracellular ATP with high concentration could not only activate neurons directly, but also activate P2X7 receptor on mast cells, and induce peripheral pain via neuro-immune crosstalk. Additionally, salicylic and aspirin could inhibit the activity of P2X7, therefore, P2X7 receptor may be one of the potential targets for salicylic acid and aspirin analgesia.
The chronic periodontitis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The inflammation link between periodontal disease and coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Wojtkowska Agnieszka , Zapolski Tomasz , Wysokinska-Miszczuk Joanna , Wysokinski Andrzej P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronary atherosclerosis and periodontal disease, due to their prevalence, are a serious epidemiological problem. Pathophysiological evidence points to their possible common inflammatory etiopathological background. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the presence and severity of periodontitis, systemic inflammation and selected parameters of myocardial injury and heart function in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Methods
The study group consisted of 71 patients 54.22(7.05) - year - old hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction. The patients underwent a coronary angiographic examination and echocardiography. The following laboratory parameters were determined: blood morphology, hsCRP, ESR, fibrinogen, troponin I, CK-MB, BNP, lipidogram, glucose, creatinine, GFR, TSH, HbA1c. Dental assessment of the patients was performed and the following indicators were included: the number of teeth preserved, approximal plaque index (API), bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD), the number of bleeding periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm in depth (NoPD ≥ 4 mm), the percentage of bleeding periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm in depth (%PD ≥ 4 mm), clinical attachment loss (CAL). The severity of periodontal disease and periodontological treatment needs were determined using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN).
Results
The BI (bleeding index) significantly correlated with fibrynogen. All indices regarding the pocket depth (PD, NoPD ≥ 4 mm,% PD4 ≥ mm) correlated significantly with the number of leukocytes. PD and NoPD ≥ 4 mm were also associated significantly with the level of hsCRP. The BI is correlated closely with the levels of BNP. The multifactorial analysis showed that significant predictors of myocardial infarction are API and BI. The analysis showed that API and BI are important predictors of troponin levels. Linear regression analysis showed that only CAL is a significant predictor of BNP.
Conclusions
Patients with acute myocardial infarction have worse periodontal status in the AAP and CPITN classification compared to people without coronary heart disease. Higher severity of periodontal disease, poorer oral hygiene and increased activity of the periodontitis leads to greater manifestation of systemic inflammation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Periodontitis is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and also affects the degree of post-infarction left ventricular damage, which means that there is an inflammatory link between these two diseases.
Combined Vibrational Spectroscopic and Elemental Studies of 18th Century Transylvanian Stove Tiles
Authors: Bratu Ioan , Marutoiu Constantin , Hernanz Antonio , Nemes Olivia Florena , Tiplic M , Edwards Howell G. M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Three Transylvanian fragments of some 18th century Saxon tiles obtained from excavations in the Central Railway Station Square in Sibiu (Romania) have been studied by Raman microscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRF techniques. A lead-rich aluminosilicate was found to have been used as enamel/glaze for the tile fragments. An analysis of the band components of the Raman spectra of the enamel of one fragment in the 400–1200 cm− 1 spectral region indicates that their processing temperature was in the 600–800 °C range, in good agreement with the temperature obtained from FTIR spectra of the other two tile fragments.
Risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection or reactivation in ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Qin Ya-fei , Kong De-jun , Wang Hong-da , Hao Jing-peng , Hu Yong-hao , Zhang Bao-ren , Li Xiang , Zhao Yi-ming , Yu Ding-ding , Jin Wang , Li Guang-ming , Wang Hao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

To identify the risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV)infection or reactivation in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.
Method

PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI were retrieved from the inception of electronic databases to February 2020. All analyses were performed using Stata/SE 15.1 version (StataCorp).
Result

22 papers were included. There was significant difference in severe UC (OR = 1.465, 95% CI: 1.107 to 1.939, P = 0.008), pancolitis (OR = 2.108, 95% CI: 1.586 to 2.800, P = 0.0001), age of onset (MD = 6.212, 95% CI: 2.552 to 9.971, P = 0.001), glucocorticoid (OR = 4.175, 95% CI: 3.076 to 5.666, P = 0.001), immunosuppressant (OR = 2.038, 95% CI: 1.259 to 3.301, P = 0.004), 5-ASA (OR = 0.674, 95% CI: 0.492 to 0.924, P = 0.014). However, no significant difference was detected in disease duration, infliximab.
Conclusion

Severe UC, pancolitis, glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive therapy and age of onset are the risk factors of CMV infection or reactivation in UC patients, we should closely monitor if UC patients with the above indicators and give timely symptomatic treatment to prevent the disease from worsening.
Mutant huntingtin reduces vesicular zinc level by inhibiting the binding of Sp1 to ZnT3 promoter
Authors: Niu Li , Yang Shiming , Wang Weixi , Ye Cui-fang , Li He 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Synaptic dysfunction caused by mutant huntingtin greatly contributes to Huntington’s disease (HD) pathogenesis. HD patients show cognitive impairment as well as uncontrolled movements. Vesicular zinc is closely linked to modulating synaptic transmission and maintaining cognitive ability. However, whether does mutant huntingtin affect zinc homeostasis in the brain or not? This will be of great significance for further revealing the pathogenesis of HD.
Methods
N171-HD82Q transgenic mice and cultured BHK cells expressing N-terminal mutant huntingtin fragment containing 160 glutamines (160Q BHK cells) were used to investigate the effect of mutant huntingtin on zinc homeostasis and its molecular mechanisms.
Results
Herein, we have demonstrated that the density of synaptic vesicular zinc decreases in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus of N171-82Q mice. Given that vesicular zinc concentration depends on the abundance of zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) on the membrane of synaptic vesicles, ZnT3 expression is detected in the brain of N171-82Q mice and 160Q BHK cells. Mutant huntingtin leads to a dramatical decrease in ZnT3 mRNA and protein levels in the three brain regions of these mice aged from 14 to 20 weeks. Significantly, Sp1 activates ZnT3 transcription via its binding to the GC boxes in ZnT3 promoter. Nevertheless, mutant huntingtin inhibits the binding of Sp1 to the promoter of ZnT3 gene and down-regulates ZnT3 expression. Furthermore, the overexpression of Sp1 ameliorates inhibition of ZnT3 gene transcription by mutant huntingtin.
Conclusions
Collectively, this first study to reveal a significant loss of synaptic vesicular zinc and ZnT3 expression caused by mutant huntingtin in the early stage of HD. Our findings have revealed the molecular mechanism underlying this change. Mutant huntingtin inhibits the binding of Sp1 to ZnT3 gene promoter to reduce ZnT3 expression. The imbalance of vesicular zinc homeostasis may be closely associated with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits in HD. This work sheds novel mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of HD and promises a potential therapeutic strategy for HD.
Treatment Strategy of Hemorrhagic Traumatic Shock Patients in High Altitude Area: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhou Liang , Zhou Siru , Li Mingxia , Dong Chenghai , Ouyang Ganlin , Wang Chunhui , Qi Hailin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Because of the influence of hypoxia, the degree of shock of patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock (HTS) in high altitude area will be aggravated in a short period of time. There is a difference in treatment strategy compared with the low altitude area. At present, the relevant literature reports are growing. However, there is no systematic review of these clinical evidences. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize existing literature on the treatment strategy of HTS patients in high altitude area.
Methods

By searching PubMed, Medline, Embase, CNKI, CBMdisc, VIP and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, searched from inception until March 1, 2020. The clinical trial of HTS patients at high altitude, which was conducted by qualitative analysis to extract data, classify, summarize and arrange information.
Results

Overall, 254 articles were identified, of which 13 relevant articles were identified following screening. Clinical practice and rationale for treatment decisions mainly involve the following 6 aspects: (1) effective prehospital treatment (hemostasis, bandaging, ventilation and establishment of venous access, etc.); (2) long time and low concentration oxygen supply; (3) limited rehydration, the amount of rehydration being 1–2 times of the patient's blood loss; (4) the microcirculation of patients was improved by drug intervention and rewarming; (5) lanatoside C or cedilanid was used to improve the cardiopulmonary function of patients; (6) 5% sodium bicarbonate was used to improve the acid-base balance of patients. In addition, ARDS, MOF and PTPI are the main complications leading to death.
Conclusions

The level of oxygen supply, rehydration and other treatment strategies for HTS patients in high altitude area are different from those in low altitude areas. The dynamic changes of physiological indexes in the process of treatment are important signs of adjusting the treatment plan. Effective prehospital first aid and rapid medical transport have a positive effect on patients' later rehabilitation.
Prevalence of Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome among Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bramania Puneet Kishore , Ruggajo Paschal , Bramania Rimal , Mahmoud Muhiddin , Furia Francis Fredrick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Malnutrition, inflammation and combination thereof are predictors of poor outcomes in haemodialysis patients. Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS) is an accelerator of atherosclerosis and portends high mortality. Early recognition and treatment of MICS may help to improve the clinical outlook of such patients. This study investigated on the prevalence of MICS and its associated factors among patients on maintenance haemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done among 160 adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis at MNH in 2019. All participants provided written informed consent. Questionnaires were used to collect data and some laboratory investigations were done. The Malnutrition Inflammation Score was used to access MICS and its severity. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 20 software.Results: Of the 160 patients included in the study, 111 (69.4%) were male. The mean age (±SD) of patients and mean duration (±SD) on haemodialysis were 52.2(13.3) years and 22(18) months respectively. MICS was prevalent in 46.3% (mild in 24.4% and moderate to severe in 21.9%). Long-term haemodialysis (>4years) was an independent predictor of MICS [Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR 5.04 (95% CI: 1.33–19.2), p<0.05]. Hypercholesterolaemia was a negative predictor of MICS [AOR 0.11 (95% CI: 0.01-0.97), p<0.05]. Patients with MICS had significantly lower mean body mass index, albumin, total cholesterol, transferrin, haemoglobin and serum creatinine levels. Nutritional status and inflammation significantly associated with MICS; adequacy of dialysis did not correlate with MICS.Conclusion: Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome is relatively common among patients on haemodialysis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Our study has shown longer duration on haemodialysis to be associated with the occurrence of MICS; to the contrary, having hypercholesterolaemia seems to be protective against MICS rhyming well with the concept of reverse epidemiology. Patients on haemodialysis should to be regularly assessed and accordingly treated for malnutrition and inflammation which if left unattended, compounds morbidity and mortality among these patients.