bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On modeling positive continuous data with spatiotemporal dependence
Authors: Bevilacqua Moreno , Caamaño‐Carrillo Christian , Gaetan Carlo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, we concentrate on an alternative modeling strategy for positive data that exhibit spatial or spatiotemporal dependence. Specifically, we propose to consider stochastic processes obtained through a monotone transformation of scaled version of χ2 random processes. The latter is well known in the specialized literature and originates by summing independent copies of a squared Gaussian process. However, their use as stochastic models and related inference has not been much considered. Motivated by a spatiotemporal analysis of wind speed data from a network of meteorological stations in the Netherlands, we exemplify our modeling strategy by means of a nonstationary process with Weibull marginal distributions. For the proposed Weibull process we study the second‐order and geometrical properties and we provide analytic expressions for the bivariate distribution. Since the likelihood is intractable, even for a relatively small data set, we suggest adopting the pairwise likelihood as a tool for inference. Moreover, we tackle the prediction problem and we propose to use a linear prediction. The effectiveness of our modeling strategy is illustrated by analyzing the aforementioned Netherland wind speed data that we integrate with a simulation study. The proposed method is implemented in the R package GeoModels.
Defeating the Austerians of the warfare state: French arms policy through the lens of the Programmatic Action Framework
Authors: Faure Samuel B. H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article contributes to the development of the Programmatic Action Framework (PAF) based on the case study of the procurement of the French Rafale fighter jet rather than the American F‐18 by the French government in the 1980s. This decision making dilemma is explained by revealing the competition between two “programmatic cliques.” The “sovereignist” programmatic clique that defends the French option embodies the Custodians of the nation state. The “liberal” programmatic clique that supports the American alternative represents the Austerians of the nation state. The defeat of the Austerians of the French nation warfare state is explained by the ties weakness available to the liberal programmatic clique at the political level of decision making. To this end, 89 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with the political‐military and industrial arms actors.
Preserving quantifiable ethnographic records of disappearing human lifeways
Authors: Kraft Thomas S. , Venkataraman Vivek V. , Endicott Karen L. , Endicott Kirk M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe human evolutionary sciences place high value on quantitative data from traditional small‐scale societies that are rapidly modernizing. These data often stem from the sustained ethnographic work of anthropologists who are today nearing the end of their careers. Yet many quantitative ethnographic data are preserved only in summary formats that do not reflect the rich and variable ethnographic reality often described in unpublished field notes, nor the deep knowledge of their collectors. In raw disaggregated formats, such data have tremendous scientific value when used in conjunction with modern statistical techniques and as part of comparative analyses. Through a personal example of longitudinal research with Batek hunter‐gatherers that involved collaboration across generations of researchers, we argue that quantifiable ethnographic records, just like material artifacts, deserve high‐priority preservation efforts. We discuss the benefits, challenges, and possible avenues forward for digitizing, preserving, and archiving ethnographic data before it is too late.
Multifarious roles of mTOR signaling in cognitive aging and cerebrovascular dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Uddin Md. Sahab , Rahman Md. Ataur , Kabir Md. Tanvir , Behl Tapan , Mathew Bijo , Perveen Asma , Barreto George E. , Bin‐Jumah May N. , Abdel‐Daim Mohamed M. , Ashraf Ghulam Md 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAge‐related cognitive failure is a main devastating incident affecting even healthy people. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the utmost common form of dementia among the geriatric community. In the pathogenesis of AD, cerebrovascular dysfunction is revealed before the beginning of the cognitive decline. Mounting proof shows a precarious impact of cerebrovascular dysregulation in the development of AD pathology. Recent studies document that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) acts as a crucial effector of cerebrovascular dysregulation in AD. The mTOR contributes to brain vascular dysfunction and subsequence cerebral blood flow deficits as well as cognitive impairment. Furthermore, mTOR causes the blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in AD models. Inhibition of mTOR hyperactivity protects the BBB integrity in AD. Furthermore, mTOR drives cognitive defect and cerebrovascular dysfunction, which are greatly prevalent in AD, but the central molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations are obscure. This review represents the crucial and current research findings regarding the role of mTOR signaling in cognitive aging and cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collagen ultrastructural symmetry and its malignant alterations in human breast cancer revealed by polarization‐resolved second‐harmonic generation microscopy
Authors: Mercatelli Raffaella , Triulzi Tiziana , Pavone Francesco Saverio , Orlandi Rosaria , Cicchi Riccardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral specific alterations of the extracellular matrix can be considered a distinctive hallmark of cancer. In particular, a different morphology of the collagen scaffold is frequently found within the peritumoural environment. In this study, we report about a significant difference in the ultrastructural organization of collagen at the supra‐molecular level between the perilesional scaffold and the tumour area in human breast carcinoma samples. In particular, we demonstrated that polarization‐resolved second‐harmonic generation (P‐SHG) microscopy is able to link the altered collagen architecture at the ultrastructural level found in perilesional tissue with a different organization of collagen fibrils at the molecular level.
Neuropilin1 silencing impairs the proliferation and migration of cells in pancreatic cancer
Authors: He Li‐Hong , He Yong‐Lin , Zuo Wen‐Hang , Kang Yue , Xue Huan , Wang Ling‐Yun , Zhang Yun‐Liang , Meng Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeuropilin1 (NRP1) participates in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis as a multifunctional co‐receptor by interacting with multiple signal pathways, but few studies have addressed the precise function of NRP1 in pancreatic cancer (PACA) cells. We aimed to study whether NRP1 gene silencing involved in the proliferation and migration of PACA cells in vitro.MethodsA lentiviral vector expressing NRP1 shRNA was constructed and transfected into human PACA cells (CFPAC‐1 and PANC‐1). The expression of NRP1 protein and mRNA was detected by Western blot and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assay, respectively. CCK‐8 assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were conducted to examine the effect of NRP1 silencing on cells proliferation and migration capability.ResultsResults of qRT‐PCR and Western blot showed successfully established, stably transfected shRNA‐NRP1 cells in PACA cells. The proliferation capacity of PACA cells in NRP1 shRNA group was lower significantly than that in the negative control (NC) group (P < .05). The invasion and migration capability of PACA cells in NRP1 shRNA group was lower significantly than that in the NC group (P < .01).ConclusionsNRP1‐shRNA lentiviral interference vectors can effectively decrease NRP1 gene expression in PACA cells, thereby inhibiting cells proliferation and migration, which provides a basis for finding a valuable therapeutic target for PACA therapy.
A newly isolated strain, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei 2, produces l‐lactic acid from pilot‐scale fermentation of food waste under sterile and nonsterile conditions
Authors: Gao Ming , Ma Xiaoyu , Song Na , Wang Qunhui , Wu Chuanfu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLactic acid (LA) is a valuable industrial chemical with wide applications. Presently, the demand for optically pure l‐LA has grown considerably as a result of its applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and biodegradable polylactic acid production. The production of l‐LA from food waste (FW) has been discussed in some studies; however, most fermentation is performed under sterile conditions and with the addition of specific lactic acid bacteria. Completely autoclaving organic solid wastes is difficult and economically unfeasible. The aim of this work was to investigate pilot‐scale LA production from FW under sterile and nonsterile conditions.RESULTSWhen FW was fermented without sterilization and inoculation, the maximum yield of LA was 0.43 g LA g–1 total solid (TS) and the proportion of l‐LA was only ≈50%. A newly isolated strain, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei 2, which was isolated and identified from FW, was used to improve the proportion of l‐LA in total LA. When nonsterile FW was inoculated with this strain, the proportion of l‐LA increased to 72.3%. After FW was sterilized and inoculated with this strain, the proportion of l‐LA was 98.6% and 98.8% under intermittent and real‐time regulation of pH level, respectively. The maximum LA yield could increase to 0.55 g LA g–1TS.CONCLUSIONPilot‐scale LA production from FW was determined by comparing the isomer purity of l‐LA between sterilization and nonsterilization and between inoculation and noninoculation, which provided an important strain and fermentation type for production of high concentration of l‐LA. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Protective effects of Coenzyme Q10 against sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment through regulating apolipoprotein E and phosphorylated Tau expression in young mice
Authors: Yang Man , Tan Hong , Zhang Kai , Lian Naqi , Yu Yang , Yu Yonghao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChildren with multiple exposures to anesthesia and surgery may be more likely to develop the learning disability. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was reported to reduce the multiple sevoflurane treatment‐induced cognitive deficiency in 6‐day‐old young mice. However, its specific mechanisms have not yet been found. This research aimed to reveal the role of ApoE in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficiency caused by sevoflurane anesthesia and the protective mechanism of CoQ10 in a multiple sevoflurane treatment model of young mice. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control + corn oil, Sevoflurane + corn oil, Control + CoQ10, and Sevoflurane + CoQ10. Sevoflurane group mice were anesthetized with 3% sevoflurane and 60% oxygen 2 hr a day for 3 days, while control group mice received only 60% oxygen. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg CoQ10 or the same volume of corn oil 30 min before the inhalation of oxygen or sevoflurane for 3 days. Mice received sevoflurane anesthesia or control treatment from the 6th to 8th day after birth. The cortex and hippocampus were harvested on the 8th day. The ATP, MMP, ApoE mRNA, total ApoE, ApoE fragments, Aβ1‐40, Aβ1‐42, Tau5, AT8, and PHF levels were detected. The Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed from P30 to p36 after anesthesia or control treatment. The results indicated that the injection of CoQ10 ahead of sevoflurane treatment could reverse the anesthesia‐induced energy deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction, ApoE, and its fragments expression, Aβ1‐42 generation, Tau phosphorylation, and cognitive impairment in young mice. These data reveal that the ApoE and its fragments enhancement may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficiency caused by sevoflurane anesthesia. CoQ10 could reduce ApoE expression by improving energy replenishment and mitochondrial functions, thereby alleviating sevoflurane‐induced brain damage and cognitive impairment.
The effect of different pollutants exposure on the pigment content of pigmented macrophage aggregates in the spleen of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman, 1928)
Authors: Ivanova Lozenka , Rebok Katerina , Jordanova Maja , Dragun Zrinka , Kostov Vasil , Ramani Sheriban , Valić Damir , Krasnići Nesrete , Filipović Marijić Vlatka , Kapetanović Damir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPigmented macrophage aggregates (MAs) are known to change under influence of various factors, such as aging, season, starvation, and/or pollution. In this study, changes in the pigment content of the MAs in the spleen of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis, Karaman) (n = 129) collected in spring and autumn, from three rivers with different pollution impact was examined: Zletovska River (metals), Kriva River (metals and municipal wastewater), and Bregalnica River (municipal wastewater). Collected data revealed increased relative volume and number of MAs containing hemosiderin under the influence of metals, significant in autumn (p < .05). In chub exposed to metals combined with municipal wastewater, significant increase of lipochrome accumulation in MAs in autumn, melanin in MAs in fish captured in the spring season, and number of splenic MAs containing combination of melanin and lipochrome was noted. Volumes and number of MAs containing combination of hemosiderin and lipochrome increased in spleen of fish captured in autumn from both Zletovska River and Kriva River, most likely due to the contribution of hemosiderin and lipochrome, respectively. Values measured for the various pigments in splenic MAs in fish captured from Bregalnica River, were overall closer to the values measured for fish captured from Kriva River. Notably, melanin and lipochrome are more likely to be found in fish from waters influenced by municipal wastewater (organic pollution) and hemosiderin in fish spleen from water influenced by mining activity (heavy metals pollution).
Genetic counseling graduate training to address religion and spirituality in clinical practice: A qualitative exploration of programs in North America
Authors: Murray Alise , Warren Nancy Steinberg , Bosanko Katherine , Williamson Dean Lori 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatients receiving clinical genetics services often navigate emotionally difficult situations and may utilize their faith as a source of support, an aid in decision‐making, or a core coping strategy. Although patients have expressed interest in discussing their religious or spiritual (R/S) beliefs with their genetic counselor (GC), GCs may avoid such conversations because they feel they do not have the necessary skills to discuss R/S beliefs (Reis, Baumiller, Scrivener, Yager, & Warren, 2007). This qualitative study explored how GC programs in North America currently prepare their students to discuss R/S matters with their patients. The aims of this study were to identify (1) the R/S topics genetic counseling programs currently cover in the curriculum, (2) how genetic counseling programs evaluate their students within the R/S topics and activities that are included in the curriculum, and (3) the value or importance placed on R/S training by genetic counseling program directors. Leaders of 12 (36%) of the 33 eligible GC programs at the time of the study participated in a semi‐structured phone interview. Their responses were coded using open and axial coding techniques and analyzed using grounded theory. Results revealed that R/S issues are often covered during the psychosocial portions of the curriculum through writing assignments, in class exercises, and role plays. Almost all participating programs include information on pastoral care services, but have little to no training about specific R/S beliefs or the use of spiritual surveys. While participating program directors emphasized that it is critical for students to be prepared to hold conversations about patients' R/S beliefs, the strategies used to prepare students are inconsistent and often not evaluated. We provide suggestions for enriching the R/S training in genetic counseling graduate programs in order to prepare students to facilitate discussions around patients' religion and/or spirituality in genetic counseling sessions.
Cyclization of thiosemicarbazide derivative: As a source of novel synthesis of some azoles and azines
Authors: Abd El‐Azim Mohamed H. M. , Assy Mohamed G. , Khalil Mohammed I. , Selim Yasser A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn our study, we aimed to synthesize novel, some biologically active compounds, Azoles and Azines derivatives, that to be nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, and have their diverse therapeutic values. Thiosemicarbazide, 2, was obtained from the attack of nitrogen of hydrazine to the carbon of heteroallene function of compound 1. Triazolotriazole derivative, 4, was obtained from the reaction of 2 with diethyl malonate. Cyclization of thiourea unit of compound 2 with heteroallene, 1, gave trazine, 6. Benzolyation of 2 using benzoyl chloride formed triazole derivative, 8. Reaction of 2 and maleic anhydride gave furothiadazine, 10. Cyclohexanopyrimidinthione, 12, was obtained from cyclocondensation of cyclohexanone with 2. Triazole, 14, was obtained from 2 and ammonium isothiocynate under thermal condition. Reaction of 2 with ethyl bromoacetate gave thiazole derivative, 16. [2+3] Cyclocondensation of acetyl acetone with 2 provided pyrazole, 18. Triazolotriazole, 20, was obtained from formalin and 2. Compound 2 suffers intramolecular base mediated cyclization affording pyrazole, 21. Keeping 2 and propinaldehyde under reflux provided triazolotriazole, 24. Acylation of 2 by succinic acid formed pyridazine derivative, 27.
Seroprevalence of group B Coxsackieviruses: Retrospective study in an Italian population
Authors: Sciandra Ilaria , Falasca Francesca , Maida Paola , Tranquilli Giulia , Di Carlo Daniele , Mazzuti Laura , Melengu Taulant , Giannelli Gianluigi , Antonelli Guido , Turriziani Ombretta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGroup B Coxsackieviruses (CVB) include six serotypes (B1‐6) responsible for a wide range of clinical diseases. Since no recent seroepidemiologic data are available in Italy, the study aim was to investigate CVB seroprevalence in a wide Italian population. The study retrospectively included 2459 subjects referring to a large academic hospital in Rome (Italy) in the period 2004‐2016. Seroprevalence rates and neutralizing antibodies (nAb) titers were evaluated in relation to years of observation and subjects’ characteristics. Positivity for at least one serotype was detected in 69.1% of individuals. Overall, the prevalent serotype was B4, followed by B3 (33.3%), B5 (26.2%), B1 (12.7%), B2 (11.0%), and B6 (1.7%). For B2, a significant decrease in seroprevalence over years was observed. Positivity to at least one virus was 25.2% in children aged 0 to 2 years, but significantly increased in preschool (3‐5 years) (50.3%) and school (6‐10 years) children (70.4%). Higher nAb responses for B3 and B4 were observed in children aged 3 to 5 years. A high overall CVB prevalence was found. Type‐specific variations in prevalence over time probably reflect the fluctuations in circulation typical of Enteroviruses. Children are at greater risk for CVB infection given the high number of seronegative subjects aged 0 to 10 years.
SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfections: Could influenza and the common cold be beneficial?
Authors: Pinky Lubna , Dobrovolny Hana M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread around the world, causing serious illness and death and creating a heavy burden on the healthcare systems of many countries. Since the virus first emerged in late November 2019, its spread has coincided with peak circulation of several seasonal respiratory viruses, yet some studies have noted limited coinfections between SARS‐CoV‐2 and other viruses. We use a mathematical model of viral coinfection to study SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfections, finding that SARS‐CoV‐2 replication is easily suppressed by many common respiratory viruses. According to our model, this suppression is because SARS‐CoV‐2 has a lower growth rate (1.8/d) than the other viruses examined in this study. The suppression of SARS‐CoV‐2 by other pathogens could have implications for the timing and severity of a second wave.
The long‐standing history ofCorynebacterium parvum, immunity, and viruses
Authors: Palmieri Beniamino , Vadalà Maria , Roncati Luca , Garelli Andrea , Scandone Francesco , Bondi Moreno , Cermelli Claudio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report a review of all the experimental and clinical studies performed in the last 60 years on the antiviral activity of inactivatedCorynebacterium parvum (Cutibacterium acnes). This bacterium has been originally investigated and used for its oncolytic properties linked to immunomodulating activity, but the interest to successfully prevent and treat bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and lethality, uprising the innate immunity barriers produced many experimental models and very few clinical studies. The dramatic defenseless situation due to impending CoViD‐19 pandemic claims to exhume and highlight this aspecific strategy in preventive and therapeutic settings; as a matter of fact, no new or mutated virus can potentially escape to this strong innate immune surveillance strengthened by adequateC. parvumprotocols.
Correlation between human papillomavirus infection and histopathological diagnosis of women in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Miranda Paulo José Cunha , Chagas Bárbara Simas , Coêlho Maria Rosângela Cunha Duarte , Silva Neto Jacinto da Costa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCervical carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of death among women worldwide. Epidemiological studies claim that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary condition for cervical cancer development. Knowledge of the geographic distribution of HPV is important in guiding the introduction of prophylactic vaccines. This study analyzed the prevalence of HPV infection in cervical samples obtained from women with abnormal cervical histopathological diagnosis in Northeast Brazil. The study included an analysis of 211 women whose diagnosis was confirmed for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type 1 (CIN‐1), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type 2 (CIN‐2), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type 3 (CIN‐3), and cancer. The identification of the HPV genotypes was based on the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. A total of 42.7% of the samples showed a single HPV infection, while 57.3% showed multiple infections. The most common genotypes detected were HPV‐16, HPV‐18, and HPV‐31. HPV‐16, HPV‐31, HPV‐35, and HPV‐18 were the most common types in CIN‐1 with a single infection. HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 were the most often found in CIN‐2 with a single infection. HPV‐16, HPV‐18, and HPV‐31 were the most detected in CIN‐3 with a single infection. HPV‐16 and HPV‐31 were the most frequent in cancer with a single infection. Multiple infection with HPV‐16 shows a 2.7 times greater risk of CIN‐3 (P = .04). Multiple infections for HPV with HPV‐16 and excluding the HPV18/31 types, were associated with CIN‐3 (P = .01). The results allowed the detection and genotyping of HPV types circulating in the population studied. These findings must be taken into account when devising vaccination strategies against HPV.