bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the acceleration regions of in situ electrons using remote radio and X-ray observations
Authors: Morosan D. E. , Dresing N. , Palmroos C. , Gieseler J. , Jebaraj I. C. , Warmuth A. , Fedeli A. , Normo S. , Pomoell J. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Zucca P. , Dabrowski B. , Krankowski A. , Mann G. , Vocks C. , Vainio R. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Solar energetic particles in the heliosphere are produced by flaring processes on the Sun or by shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. These particles are regularly detected remotely as electromagnetic radiation (X-rays or radio emission), which they generate through various processes, or in situ by spacecraft monitoring the Sun and the heliosphere.
Aims. Our aim is to combine remote-sensing and in situ observations of energetic electrons to determine the origin and acceleration mechanism of these particles.
Methods. Here we investigate the acceleration location, escape, and propagation directions of electron beams producing radio bursts observed with the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR), hard X-ray (HXR) emission, and in situ electrons observed at Solar Orbiter on 3 October 2023. These observations are combined with a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the electron acceleration locations and results from a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of the solar corona in order to investigate the origin and connectivity of electrons observed remotely at the Sun to in situ electrons.
Results. We observed a type II radio burst with good connectivity to Solar Orbiter, where a significant electron event was detected. However, type III radio bursts and hard X-rays were also observed co-temporally with the electron event, but likely connected to Solar Orbiter by different far-side field lines. The injection times of the Solar Orbiter electrons are simultaneous with both the onset of the type II radio burst, the group of type III bursts, and the presence of a second HXR peak; however, the most direct connection to Solar Orbiter is that of the type II burst location. The in situ electron spectra point to shock acceleration of electrons with a short-term connection to the source region.
Conclusions. We propose that there are two contributions to the Solar Orbiter electron fluxes based on the results and magnetic connectivity determined from remote-sensing data: a smaller flare contribution from the far-side of the Sun and a main shock contribution from the region close to the eastern limb as viewed from Earth. We note that these two electron acceleration regions are distinct and separated by a large distance and are connected via two separate field lines to Solar Orbiter.
Understanding student challenges with circulation and Ampère–Maxwell law
Authors: Suárez Álvaro , Marti Arturo C , Zuza Kristina , Guisasola Jenaro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigated how students apply the concept of circulation when faced with problems related to the Ampère–Maxwell law. For this purpose, we designed a metacognitive pencil-and-paper question, presented it to 65 students, and analysed their responses using phenomenography. We complemented our research by conducting interviews with 12 students. The results show that students tend to think that they can only use the magnetic field circulation to calculate magnetic fields if the curve used is symmetric, and that they do not take into account the shape of the magnetic field lines when applying it. We also find that some students believe that a variable electric field must cross the entire Amperian curve in order to apply Ampère–Maxwell's law and find the magnetic field.
Efficient sparsity-promoting MAP estimation for Bayesian linear inverse problems
Authors: Lindbloom Jonathan , Glaubitz Jan , Gelb Anne 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bayesian hierarchical models can provide efficient algorithms for finding sparse solutions to ill-posed linear inverse problems. The models typically comprise a conditionally Gaussian prior model for the unknown augmented by a generalized gamma hyper-prior model for the variance hyper-parameters. This investigation generalizes such models and their efficient maximum a posterior estimation using the iterative alternating sequential algorithm in two ways: (1) general sparsifying transforms: diverging from conventional methods, our approach permits use of sparsifying transformations with nontrivial kernels; (2) unknown noise variances: the noise variance is treated as a random variable to be estimated during the inference procedure. This is important in applications where the noise estimate cannot be accurately estimated a priori. Remarkably, these augmentations neither significantly burden the computational expense of the algorithm nor compromise its efficacy. We include convexity and convergence analysis and demonstrate our method’s efficacy in several numerical experiments.
A BP-Smith combined temperature control method for thin film preparation processing
Authors: Huang Yajie , Zhang Donglai , Zhang Bin , Pan Shimin , Li Anshou , Wang Yi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Thin film preparation methods are receiving increasing attention because of their wide range of applications in semiconductor devices, optoelectronics, flat panel displays, solar cells, sensors, micromechanical systems, and other fields, and they provide essential technologies for the development and application of various advanced materials. This paper proposes a method combining BP neural network control and Smith prediction to solve the nonlinear thermal regulation control problem and consider the coupling effect between temperature regions in a multi-region setting. The BP neural network is used to control the dynamic neural network to identify the dynamic model of the temperature area and realize online learning of neural network weights. The system uses Smith prediction to solve the delay problem and ensure system performance. Our controlled equipment is a tank for the boron diffusion process. The control goal of this paper is to track the target temperature stably and accurately through the proposed method. The temperature control accuracy is within ±1 °C tolerance of set point in steady state. The temperature control strategy proposed here also adds an error factor for temperature coupling in the neural network part, and the control results are better able to meet the temperature control requirements of the actual process. This method provides innovative insights into and effective solutions for temperature control during thin film preparation. It reduces the amount of overshoot, saves a lot of power and manpower for model change temperature control, and is a highly adaptive model change control method. This paper begins by theoretically analyzing the advantages of neural networks and Smith predictive control. Secondly, thermal simulations are performed to analyzes the coupling conditions between the temperature zones. Finally, experimental tests evaluate the steady-state and dynamic performances of the control strategy and verify the intended advantages of the proposed control method.
Validation of the static forward Grad–Shafranov equilibrium solvers in FreeGSNKE and Fiesta using EFIT++ reconstructions from MAST-U
Authors: Pentland K , Amorisco N C , El-Zobaidi O , Etches S , Agnello A , Holt G K , Ross A , Vincent C , Buchanan J , Pamela S J P , McArdle G , Kogan L , Cunningham G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A key aspect in the modelling of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibria in tokamak devices is having access to fast, accurate, and stable numerical simulation methods. There is an increasing demand for reliable methods that can be used to develop traditional or machine learning-based shape control feedback systems, optimise scenario designs, and integrate with other plasma edge or transport modelling codes. To handle such applications, these codes need to be flexible and, more importantly, they need to have been validated against both analytically known and real-world tokamak equilibria to ensure they are consistent and credible. In this paper, we are interested in solving the static forward Grad–Shafranov (GS) problem for free–boundary MHD equilibria. Our focus is on the validation of the static forward solver in the Python-based equilibrium code FreeGSNKE by solving equilibria from magnetics-only EFIT
++ reconstructions of MAST-U shots. In addition, we also validate FreeGSNKE against equilibria simulated using the well-established MATLAB-based equilibrium code Fiesta. To do this, we develop a computational pipeline that allows one to load the same (a)symmetric MAST-U machine description into each solver, specify the required inputs (active/passive conductor currents, plasma profiles and coefficients, etc.) from EFIT++, and solve the GS equation for all available time slices across a shot. For a number of different MAST-U shots, we demonstrate that both FreeGSNKE and Fiesta can successfully reproduce various poloidal flux quantities and shape targets (e.g. midplane radii, magnetic axes, separatrices, X-points, and strikepoints) in agreement with EFIT++ calculations to a very high degree of accuracy. We also provide public access to the code/data required to load the MAST-U machine description in FreeGSNKE/Fiesta and reproduce the equilibria in the shots shown.
FreeFEM analysis of thermally induced higher-grade Darcy-Forchheimer flow through heated semi-circular cylinders
Authors: Khan M S , Azmat U 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, a higher grade Darcy-Forchheimer porous model is derived by using the concepts of tensor calculus. The model presented is accounting for non-linear flow behavior at highly permeable media where the flow is induced by temperature boundary conditions. To this end, a square geometry with two semi-circular heating cylinders mounted at its bottom wall is considered for the analysis of thermal flow dynamics. To solve the obtained coupled system of highly nonlinear partial differential equations the finite element procedure is adopted. Weak formulation of the problem is calculated via the application of variational calculus. The numerical algorithm is implemented through the open source code FreeFEM++. Obtained solutions are validated by reduced model with exact solutions. Mesh independence of the solution is shown through mesh independence analysis test. Results are computed for varying physical parameters with some interesting new observations. Moreover, streamline plots for the velocities and isotherms are shown and discussed. It is found that the Nusselt number increases with increasing Grashhoff and Frochheimer numbers, but decreases with increasing medium porosity.
STOLAS: STOchastic LAttice Simulation of cosmic inflation
Authors: Mizuguchi Yurino , Murata Tomoaki , Tada Yuichiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We develop a C++ package of the STOchastic LAttice Simulation (STOLAS) of cosmic inflation. It performs the
numerical lattice simulation in the application of the stochastic-δ N formalism.
STOLAS can directly compute the three-dimensional map of the observable curvature
perturbation without estimating its statistical properties. In its application to two toy models
of inflation, chaotic inflation and Starobinsky's linear-potential inflation, we confirm that
STOLAS is well-consistent with the standard perturbation theory. Furthermore, by introducing
the importance sampling technique, we have success in numerically sampling the current abundance
of primordial black holes (PBHs) in a non-perturbative way. The package is available at
https://github.com/STOchasticLAtticeSimulation/STOLAS_dist.
Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of the Protective Shield in an Industrial Smart Safety Vest
Authors: Yip Tong Joe , Singh Amares 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the mechanical properties of polyester fabric and Kevlar for use as protective shields in industrial smart safety vests. Through ANSYS simulations, the tensile strength, impact resistance, and hardness of these materials were analysed. The findings highlight the suitability of these materials for different industrial applications, focusing on design considerations and integration with smart technology components. Recommendations for future research include advanced material development, multi-physics simulations, and long-term durability studies.
Investigation of Leakage Current in 150 kV Payakumbuh Koto Panjang Insulators
Authors: Amalia Sitti , Rajab Abdul , Novizon  , Warmi Yusreni , Kasmar Andre Febrian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Insulators in electrical energy transmission and distribution systems play an important role. This study investigates the impact of surface contamination, including dust and moss, on the leakage current (LC) characteristics of 150 kV insulators in the Payakumbuh - Koto Panjang area, West Sumatra. Testing the leakage current with varying temperature and humidity conditioning and measuring NSDD (non-soluble deposit density) and ESDD (equivalent salt deposit density) using the swab technique in accordance with the IEC TS 60815-1-2008 standard, this study aims to determine the LC and the level of contamination. Research results. In insulators with one disk, the LC is about 0.15 mA for moss and 0.18 mA for dust. For two disks, the LC increases to about 0.17 mA for moss and 0.22 mA for dust, while at three disks, the LC reaches about 0.2 mA for moss and 0.32 mA for dust. In addition, dust-contaminated insulators show higher ESDD (0,206128196) and NSDD (0,379475496) values than moss-contaminated EDDD (0, 058510867) and NSDD (0, 164784579). In conclusion, addressing dust contamination is critical to improving electrical system reliability, given its more pronounced effect on insulator performance compared to moss contamination of 150 kV insulators at Payakumbuh - Koto Panjang.
Study of Types of Biomass Briquettes with Molding Machine Production Rotary Press System Briquettes Made from Natural Fiber
Authors: Handra Nofriady , Indra Ade , Nurzal  , Maryam  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The potential for agricultural residue-derived organic matter in Indonesia is quite abundant, including substance empty fruit bunches (EFB), areca and coconut substance. Biomass residue can serve as an ingredient option combustible in the form of compressed combustible blocks. This research aims to analyse the type of organic matter compressed combustible blocks used by using different types of substances. Processing and making compressed combustible blocks using organic matter residue is an option for producing combustible sources, where in this research several varieties of organic matter substance residue are used to make compressed combustible blocks, including EFB, coconut and areca substance residue which is processed using a rotary press briquette press. The binder uses starch with a composition of 70% and 30%. The lowest water composition was found in EFB fiber compressed combustible blocks (6.3%), areca nut fiber compressed combustible blocks (6.8%), and coconut (7.6%), all of which were below SNI standards. The ash composition produced by EFB compressed combustible blocks was higher at 8.7% and the lowest was 6.8% for coconut substance compressed combustible blocks. The findings of evaluation the power composition of all types of natural fiber substances used as organic matter compressed combustible blocks show that the highest power composition is produced in EFB substance with a size of 12 mesh of 4203 cal/g. At the substance briquette size of 16 mesh, the highest measurement was obtained for the areca fiber briquette fiber with a power composition of 3992 cal/g, while at the 20 mesh size the highest measurement was obtained for the areca substance briquette fiber with a power composition of 4056 cal/g. Based on the division of briquette classes based on power composition, the highest power composition of compressed combustible blocks is in class D between 4200 - 2941 cal/g.
Optimizing Heat Sink Design: Achieving an Enhanced Heat Dissipation through Oval Perforation
Authors: Mohammed Abdulrahman , A Singh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the thermal efficiency of the perforated in a typical heat sink used in automotive industry. The aim is to investigate the heat dissipation in the heat sink. The research includes designing heat sinks using 3D SolidWorks model and performing steady-state thermal analysis with ANSYS. The outcome showed an 18 % increase in the maximum heat flux, indicating better thermal performance and increased heat dissipation capacities for the oval perforations. Additionally, the perforations led to an approximate 29% decrease in the cost of producing a heat sink. The maiden results indicate the potential for improving thermal efficiency of a heat sink in a via oval-shaped perforations.
Tidal-induced and wind-driven ocean surface current data analysis derived from HF radar in Bali Strait
Authors: Aldini I , Permanasari AE , Hidayat R , Ramdhani A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ocean surface currents (OSC) are subject to the influences of surface wind, tidal conditions, and various other factors. Understanding these forces is essential for efficient coastal management, port activities, environmental surveillance, and the precise forecasting of ocean currents in the region. This study examined ocean surface current (OSC) data in the Bali Strait from December 2020 to November 2021. The analysis used HF radar data and the DCCA (De-trended Cross-Correlation) method. The DCCA approach examined the correlation between OSC with tidal and wind data. The study demonstrated the capabilities of HF radar data and the DCCA technique in providing valuable insights into OSC behaviours associated with tidal and wind impacts. The peak correlation value was observed when the OSC value reached its highest point in July 2021. The study showed that, overall, the correlation of OSC with tide data surpassed its correlation with wind data, emphasizing the significant influence of both tidal and wind forces on the ocean surface current in the Bali Strait. Tidal forces exhibited a stronger correlation with OSC, highlighting their crucial roles in shaping ocean surface currents in the region. These discoveries are essential for enhancing our comprehension of ocean surface currents in several sectors, especially for their application in environmental monitoring and forecasting ocean currents to maintain environmental safety and efficient coastal management practices.
Prospects, Challenges and Solutions for Achieving Sustainability in Implementing Green Architecture Strategies in High-Rise Buildings: A Review
Authors: Aduwo E. B. , Sholanke A. B. , Eleagu J. C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to the escalating concerns over climate change and environmental degradation, the adoption of green architecture principles in high-rise buildings has become imperative. This study examined existing literature on green architecture with a view to determine prospects, challenges and solutions of implementing green architecture features within the context of skyscrapers to achieve sustainability. The study is a review paper that relied on secondary sources to gather data from 43 articles. The data were content analysed using thematic approach and the findings descriptively presented in themes, with the aid of figures and tables. The findings underscored the potential of green architecture to address pressing concerns related to climate change and environmental degradation. The review revealed that incorporating green architecture principles in high-rise buildings offers significant potential for reducing energy consumption, minimizing environmental impact, and enhancing occupant’s well-being. However, conflicting priorities, operational inefficiencies, and the potential pitfalls of green building initiatives pose significant hurdles to implementing green architecture strategies in high-rise buildings. Also, the scale and complexity of skyscrapers which demand innovative solutions and careful considerations that are not oftentimes fully envisaged in the planning and design stages, is also a challenge. The study suggests fostering communication among stakeholders and advocates for widespread adoption of green building practices towards enhancing sustainability in the development of high-rise buildings.
Intelligence as Computation
Authors: Brock Oliver 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a specific conceptualization of intelligence as computation. This conceptualization is intended to provide a unified view for all disciplines of intelligence research. Already, it unifies several conceptualizations currently under investigation, including physical, neural, embodied, morphological, and mechanical intelligences. To achieve this, the proposed conceptualization explains the differences among existing views by different computational paradigms, such as digital, analog, mechanical, or morphological computation. Viewing intelligence as a composition of computations from different paradigms, the challenges posed by previous conceptualizations are resolved. Intelligence is hypothesized as a multi-paradigmatic computation relying on specific computational principles. These principles distinguish intelligence from other, non-intelligent computations. The proposed conceptualization implies a multi-disciplinary research agenda that is intended to lead to unified science of intelligence.
3D printed elastomers with superior stretchability and mechanical integrity by parametric optimization of extrusion process using Taguchi Method
Authors: Bayati Abbas , Ahmadi Mina , Rahmatabadi Davood , Khodaei Mohammad , Xiang Hao , Baniassadi Majid , Abrinia Karen , Zolfagharian Ali , Bodaghi Mahdi , Baghani Mostafa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study focused on a modified Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing method, specifically the direct pellet printing of a propylene-based thermoplastic elastomer, Vistamaxx™ 6202, to address challenges like printability and weak mechanical properties. The main objective was optimizing printing parameters and investigating their impact on the mechanical properties. The Taguchi method was used to design the experiments, reducing the required experiments and optimizing printing parameters to maximize desired properties. Three influential parameters were chosen, each changing to three levels. By employing the Taguchi method, the number of experiments decreased from 27 full factorials to 9. Regression models were created through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and verified by additional experiments. Tensile tests were performed according to the ASTM D638 standard. SEM imaging was used to assess interlayer adhesion and structural integrity. The results demonstrated satisfactory interlayer adhesion and structural integrity of the printed samples. Notably, the printed thermoplastic elastomers achieved significant stretchability, reaching up to 5921.3%. The tensile strength was 5.22 MPa, with a tensile modulus of 1.7 MPa. The effect of each parameter and their contribution percentage to the tensile strength, elongation, and elastic modulus were obtained from the variance analysis.