bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Wastewater Management for Sustainable City Environment in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Mba Emeodilichi H. , Mba Chika B. , Alkali Mohammed 
Published: April 2020

Wastewater contribute to many damages to the ecosystem and biodiversity, it encompasses domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural components and also faecal sludge, to prevent this sensitive damage, wastewater need to be well treated before being discharged to the environment or water bodies, otherwise it contributes to some disease outbreak like malaria and typhoid. Extreme poverty with inequality of income, housing system and poor urban planning combined with rapid increase in population mostly found in low/lower class settlement are among those factors contributing to these challenges and this study determines the health and environment impact of untreated wastewater. The comparative study was carried out in two study areas; highbrow areas that makes use of central wastewater treatment plant known as “WUPA” and low/lower income areas that practice open surface wastewater discharge, to determine how frequent both residents treats malaria/typhoid and soil pH value of the study areas also analyzed.
In-house survey questionnaire for 300 respondents of children below 12 years was employed which show that average 65% of residents in highbrow areas treated both malaria/typhoid once in 6 months, while 64% in the low/lower class areas treated 4 times in 6 months and with an average pH value of 8.18 for highbrow areas and 7.51 for low/lower class areas. This study recommends that government should connect all areas to the treatment plant, implement proper urban planning, awareness and with enforcement.
Toxicological Study of Leaf Extracts of Loranthus micranthus Linn Using Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Nnenna Ani Onuabuchi , Okwudili Ani , Nwachukwu Okwuosa Chukwugozie 
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of high sub-chronic doses of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of Loranthus micranthus on biochemical parameters of albino rats. Acute toxicity studies were performed according to standard methods. The animals were divided into 5 groups (n = 5). Aqueous and methanol extracts of L. micranthus leaves were administered in doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to four groups of rats respectively for 30 days through the intraperitoneal route. The fifth group served as control and received saline (5 ml/kg b.w, i.p). Blood samples were collected by retrorbital puncture and analyzed for biochemical and haematological parameters using assay kits. Acute toxicity studies indicated that both extracts had an LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. The results indicated significant (p<0.001) increases in alkaline phosphatase serum levels in both extract treated groups. The extracts also produced significant elevation in serum bilirubin levels when compared with normal control (p<0.05). Both extracts did not affect the levels of alanine and aspartate transaminases significantly (p>0.05). There were significant increase in the serum levels of urea in the extracts treated rats (p<0.05; p<0.01). The 2000 mg/kg aqueous extract produced significant increases in mean serum chloride and bicarbonate levels of treated rats when compared with control (p<0.01). The extracts produced significant decrease in the serum creatine kinase levels of treated rats in a non-dose related manner when compared with control (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in sodium and potassium levels of treated rats. The methanol extract had no significant effect on the haematological indices studied. The aqueous extract produced significant reductions in the haemoglobin and PCV of treated rats (p< 0.01). The total and differential leucocyte counts were not affected by extract treatment (p>0.05). From these results, the extracts caused significant biochemical changes but were not cytotoxic to leucocyte cell lines. Therefore, there should be caution in the long term use of these extracts.
Early Growth Response of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Seedlings to Ranging Levels of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on an Alfisol
Authors: Abiodun F. O. , Afolabi J. O. , Isienyi N. C. , Isola J. O. , Olayiwola V. A. , Ihediuche C. I. 
Published: April 2020

Aim: To investigate the early growth response of Morinda citrifolia to varying levels of Aleshinloye compost and N:P:K 15:15:15 in a degraded Alfisol in a tropical Nigerian environmental condition.
Study Design: The study was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with twelve (12) treatments replicated six (6) times with a total of seventy two (72) experimental units.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the greenhouse of Soil and tree Nutrition department of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan (FRIN) and it lasted for a period of 6 month.
Methodology: Degraded top soil used for the experiment was collected within FRIN arboretum. The soil was air dried and passed through a 2 mm diameter sieve before being filled into polythene pots of 15 cm x 20 cm dimension having a 3 kg soil capacity. The organic fertilizer was applied at 4 weeks before transplanting while the inorganic fertilizer was applied at 2 weeks after transplanting and pre-germinated seedlings of Noni were transplanted at four leaves stage. The data collected include Stem Girth (mm), plant height (cm) and Number of leaves starting from 30 Days After Transplanting (DAT).
Results: The result revealed that the soil sample used for this study had pH value of 6.06 and the total N value of 0.11%. Noni plant with treatment T11 (N:P:K 15:15:15 at 80 Kg Nha-1 + Aleshiloye compost (AC) at 80 Kg Nha-1) had the highest plant height values of 48.17, 65.67 and 77.87 cm respectively which are significantly higher (P = .05) than T1 (control) with 37.17, 47.50 and 55.33 cm respectively that are the least values observed from 120 DAT to 180 DAT. The Plant Dry Matter (PDM) for leaves, stem and root (3.593, 2.720 and 4.220 g/plant) respectively from the control (T1) plant was the least when compared to every other treatment in the study.
Conclusion: The use of composted manure in combination with N:P:K 15:15:15 ensured early and continuous supply of nutrient with resultant higher growth performance of Noni over a period of six months as shown in the study.
The A4 study: β‐amyloid and cognition in 4432 cognitively unimpaired adults
Authors: Insel Philip S. , Donohue Michael C. , Sperling Reisa , Hansson Oskar , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease by estimating when β‐amyloid accumulation first becomes associated with changes in cognition.MethodsHere we studied a large group (N = 4432) of cognitively unimpaired individuals who were screened for inclusion in the A4 trial (age 65–85) to assess the effect of subthreshold levels of β‐amyloid on cognition and to identify which cognitive domains first become affected.Resultsβ‐amyloid accumulation was linked to significant cognitive dysfunction in cognitively unimpaired participants with subthreshold levels of β‐amyloid in multiple measures of memory (Logical Memory Delayed Recall, P = 0.03; Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, P < 0.001), the Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite (P = 0.01), and was marginally associated with decreased executive function (Digit Symbol Substitution, P = 0.07). Significantly, decreased cognitive scores were associated with suprathreshold levels of β‐amyloid, across all measures (P < 0.05). The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, a list recall memory test, appeared most sensitive to β‐amyloid ‐related decreases in average cognitive scores, outperforming all other cognitive domains, including the narrative recall memory test, Logical Memory.InterpretationClinical trials for cognitively unimpaired β‐amyloid‐positive individuals will include a large number of individuals where mechanisms downstream from β‐amyloid pathology are already activated. These findings have implications for primary and secondary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.
Increasing Operational Capacity and Reducing Costs of Rituximab Administration: A Costing Analysis
Authors: Wallace Zachary S. , Harkness Tyler , Blumenthal Kimberly G. , Choi Hyon K. , Stone John H. , Walensky Rochelle P. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveOriginator intravenous rituximab is an important rheumatology treatment but is costly, and administration requires several hours. Because biosimilar rituximab may cost less and subcutaneous rituximab requires a shorter visit, both may reduce costs and increase treatment capacity (infusions per year).MethodsWe implemented time‐driven activity‐based costing (TDABC), a method to assess costs and opportunities to increase capacity, throughout the care pathway for 26 patients receiving a total of 30 rituximab infusions. Using the TDABC estimates, we created a base case, which included provider time, salaries, infusion rates and times, and drug formulation, to simulate an induction cycle (two infusions). We varied these parameters in sensitivity analyses and assessed the impact of infusion rates and formulation (biosimilar vs. subcutaneous) on capacity before and after assuming a fixed budget.ResultsThe base‐case cost was $19 452; more than 90% was due to drug cost. In sensitivity analyses, varying projected biosimilar cost led to the greatest cost savings ($8,988 per cycle). Faster infusion rates and subcutaneous rituximab increased annual capacity (300% and 800%, respectively). With a fixed budget, subcutaneous rituximab led to a relative increase in capacity over biosimilar rituximab except when biosimilar cost savings relative to originator rituximab exceeded 40%; faster biosimilar infusion rates did not meaningfully affect these findings.ConclusionUsing TDABC, we demonstrate that rituximab cost is the primary driver of treatment cost, but capacity is largely driven by treatment time. Subcutaneous rituximab leads to higher capacity than biosimilar rituximab across a range of plausible costs; its use in rheumatology should be studied.
Synthesis of Substituted 4‐Arylamino‐1,2‐naphthoquinones in One‐Pot Reactions Using CotA‐Laccase as Biocatalyst
Authors: Sousa Ana Catarina , Santos Iolanda , Piedade M. F. M. M. , Martins Lígia O. , Robalo M. Paula 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn efficient and environmentally benign biocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of substituted 4‐arylamino‐1,2‐naphthoquinones was developed, through a cross‐coupling reaction in which the 1,2‐naphthoquinone nucleus, formed in the biocatalytic process mediated by CotA‐laccase from Bacillus subtilis, is the key synthetic intermediate. Electrochemical data and kinetic parameters were determined revealing a significant higher specificity of CotA‐laccase for 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid (AHNSA). This ability of CotA‐laccase to discriminate between oxidisable aromatic amines allows the set‐up of one‐pot reactions in the presence of the enzyme, between AHNSA and a set of appropriate aromatic amines under mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Helical Microstructures of the Mineralized Coralline Red Algae Determine Their Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bianco‐Stein Nuphar , Polishchuk Iryna , Seiden Gabriel , Villanova Julie , Rack Alexander , Zaslansky Paul , Pokroy Boaz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThrough controlled biomineralization, organisms yield complicated structures with specific functions. Here, Jania sp., an articulated coralline red alga that secretes high‐Mg calcite as part of its skeleton, is in focus. It is shown that Jania sp. exhibits a remarkable structure, which is highly porous (with porosity as high as 64 vol%) and reveals several hierarchical orders from the nano to the macroscale. It is shown that the structure is helical, and proven that its helical configuration provides the alga with superior compliance that allows it to adapt to stresses in its natural environment. Thus, the combination of high porosity and a helical configuration result in a sophisticated, light‐weight, compliant structure. It is anticipated that the findings on the advantages of such a structure are likely to be of value in the design or improvement of lightweight structures with superior mechanical properties.
Self‐Assembled Dipeptide Aerogels with Tunable Wettability
Authors: Li Xianbao , Li Qi , Fei Jinbo , Jia Yi , Xue Huimin , Zhao Jie , Li Junbai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConstructing supramolecular materials with tunable properties and functions is a great challenge due to the complex competition between multiple assembly pathways. Herein, we report that dipeptides can self‐assemble into aerogels with entirely different surface wettability through precisely controlling the assembly pathways. Charged groups or aromatic residues are selectively exposed on the surface of their nanoscale building blocks which results either in a superhydrophilic or highly hydrophobic surface. With this special property, single component dipeptide aerogels can play diverse roles in medical care applications. This study suggests great promise in the synthesis of supramolecular materials with different targeted functions from the same molecular unit.
Numerical simulation of bubble formation behavior in oxygen coal combustion melting and separating furnace
Authors: Kong Zheng , Zhao Kai , Zhang Qiao‐rong , Shi Yan , Zhen Chang‐liang , Shi Xue‐feng , Zhang Xiao‐hua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the mass transfer efficiency of the high‐temperature molten pool area in the oxygen coal combustion melting and separating furnace, water model experiment and VOF model were used to study the mechanism of bubble formation in the area, investigate the changing rules of oxygen lance parameters on the shape and frequency of bubbles. The results show that the basic law of bubble generation is the transition from lateral injection to longitudinal growth, and the bubble generation frequency is 7.5 Hz under standard conditions. Increasing the oxygen lance mass flow will reduce the generation frequency, but the local bubble distribution is more compact. Increasing the oxygen lance inclination angle increase the generation frequency, but it will cause local gas phase accumulation, if too close to the bottom of the furnace. Small oxygen lances diameter is beneficial to increase the generation frequency and enhance mass transfer efficiency. Increasing the oxygen lance immersion depth is conducive to increasing the generation frequency, the gas‐liquid interface and improving molten and separation efficiency. On the other hand, it will weaken the effect of “adherence to the wall” and reduce the erosion of furnace lining by inhibiting the flow of bubbles and slag.
Risk of intracranial bleeding in patients with primary brain cancer receiving therapeutic anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Porfidia Angelo , Giordano Marzia , Sturiale Carmelo L. , D’Arrigo Sonia , Donadini Marco P. , Olivi Alessandro , Ageno Walter , Pola Roberto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in glioma patients. Also, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is frequently observed in subjects with primary brain tumors. Thus, the management of anticoagulant therapy for VTE is challenging and controversial in these patients. We performed a meta‐analysis to clarify the risk of ICH in glioma patients treated with anticoagulant therapy for VTE compared to glioma patients without VTE.Materials and MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases between January 1980 and January 2019 without language restrictions. Summary statistics for ICH were obtained by calculating the odds ratio (OR) using a random effects model, and heterogeneity across studies was estimated by the I2 statistic. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies.ResultsA total of 368 studies were initially identified. Of these, 346 were excluded after title review. The remaining 22 studies were reviewed in detail. According to the PICO criteria, 15 studies were excluded. Finally, 7 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The OR for ICH in glioma patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation for VTE versus those who did not receive anticoagulation was 3.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84–7.29; I2 = 31%).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis demonstrates that anticoagulation for VTE increases the risk of ICH in subjects with malignant brain tumors. Future studies are warranted to fully understand the best medical treatment of VTE in glioma patients.
Investigation of a three‐dimensional printed dynamic cervical spine model for anatomy and physiology education
Authors: Clifton William , Damon Aaron , Soares Christy , Nottmeier Eric , Pichelmann Mark 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThree‐dimensional (3D) printing of anatomical structures is a growing method of education for students and medical trainees. These models are generally produced as static representations of gross surface anatomy. In order to create a model that provides educators with a tool for demonstration of kinematic and physiologic concepts in addition to surface anatomy, a high‐resolution segmentation and 3D‐printingtechnique was investigated for the creation of a dynamic educational model.MethodsAn anonymized computed tomography scan of the cervical spine with a diagnosis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament was acquired. Using a high‐resolution thresholding technique, the individual facet and intervertebral spaces were separated, and models of the C3–7 vertebrae were 3D‐printed. The models were placed on a myelography simulator and subjected to flexion and extension under fluoroscopy, and measurements of the spinal canal diameter were recorded and compared to in‐vivo measurements. The flexible 3D‐printed model was then compared to a static 3D‐printed model to determine the educational benefit of demonstrating physiologic concepts.ResultsThe canal diameter changes on the flexible 3D‐printed model accurately reflected in‐vivo measurements during dynamic positioning. The flexible model also was also more successful in teaching the physiologic concepts of spinal canal changes during flexion and extension than the static 3D‐printed model to a cohort of learners.ConclusionsDynamic 3D‐printed models can provide educators with a cost‐effective and novel educational tool for not just instruction of surface anatomy, but also physiologic concepts through 3D ex‐vivo modeling of case‐specific physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Intravascular treatment for ruptured facial artery aneurysm via percutaneous cardiopulmonary support device: A case report
Authors: Oi Marina , Maruhashi Takaaki , Yamamoto Daisuke , Kurihara Yutaro , Koizumi Hiroyuki , Asari Yasushi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEven in cases of cardiac arrest caused by hemorrhagic shock, when reliable control of the bleeding source is possible, ECPR may be an effective treatment option if anticoagulant therapy is well‐managed and is withdrawn early.
Extrameningeal solitary fibrous tumors—surgery alone or surgery plus perioperative radiotherapy: A retrospective study from the global solitary fibrous tumor initiative in collaboration with the Sarcoma Patients EuroNet
Authors: Haas Rick L. , Walraven Iris , Lecointe‐Artzner Estelle , van Houdt Winan J. , Strauss Dirk , Schrage Yvonne , Hayes Andrew J. , Raut Chandrajit P. , Fairweather Mark , Baldini Elizabeth H. , Gronchi Alessandro , De Rosa Laura , Griffin Anthony M. , Ferguson Peter C. , Wunder Jay , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Krol Augustinus D. G. , Skoczylas Jacus , Sangalli Claudia , Stacchiotti Silvia 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSolitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal malignancy. Although surgery is potentially curative, the local relapse risk is high after marginal resections. Given the lack of prospective clinical trial data, the objective of the current study was to better define the role of perioperative radiotherapy (RT) in various SFT presentations by location.MethodsThis was retrospective study performed across 7 sarcoma centers. Clinical information was retrieved from all adult patients with extrameningeal, primary, localized SFT who were treated between 1990 and 2018 with surgery alone (S) compared with those who also received perioperative RT (S+RT). Differences in treatment characteristics between subgroups were tested using analysis of variance statistics and propensity score matching. Local control and overall survival rates were calculated from the start of treatment until progression or death from any cause.ResultsOf all 549 patients, 428 (78%) underwent S, and 121 (22%) underwent S+RT. The median follow‐up was 52 months. After correction for mitotic count and surgical margins, S+RT was significantly associated with a lower risk of local progression (hazard ratio, 0.19: P = .029), an observation further confirmed by propensity score matching (P = .012); however, this association did not translate into an overall survival benefit.ConclusionsThe results from this retrospective study investigating perioperative RT in patients with primary extrameningeal SFT suggest that combining RT with surgery in the management of this patient population is significantly associated with a reduced risk of local failures, especially in patients who have less favorable resection margins and in those who have tumors with a high mitotic count.
Systematic review of techniques to monitor remission of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy in people with diabetes
Authors: Gooday Catherine , Gray Katie , Game Frances , Woodburn Jim , Poland Fiona , Hardeman Wendy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe management of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy relies on off‐loading which is costly and time‐consuming. Published studies have used monitoring techniques with unknown diagnostic precision to detect remission. We performed a systematic review of techniques for monitoring response to offloading in acute Charcot neuroarthropathy.Materials and MethodsWe included studies of off‐loading which evaluated or described monitoring techniques in acute Charcot neuroarthropathy. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases were searched (January1993‐July 2018). We extracted data from papers including study design, setting, population, monitoring techniques and treatment outcomes. We also extracted information on the cost, clinical applicability, sensitivity and specificity, safety and participant acceptability of the monitoring techniques.ResultsWe screened 1205 titles, 140 abstracts and 45 full‐texts, and included 29 studies. All studies were of low quality and at high risk of bias. In seven studies, the primary aim was to evaluate monitoring techniques: three evaluated magnetic resonance imaging, two thermography monitoring, one three‐phase bone scanning and one Doppler spectrum analysis. The remaining 22 observational studies reported treatment outcomes and described the monitoring techniques used to assess the Charcot neuroarthropathy. Heterogeneity prevented the pooling of data. Very few studies included data on cost, clinical applicability, sensitivity and specificity, safety and patient acceptability of the monitoring techniques used.ConclusionMultiple techniques have been used to evaluate remission in acute Charcot neuroathropathy but uncertainty remains about their effectiveness. We recommend further research into the influences of different monitoring techniques on treatment outcomes.