bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐dose empagliflozin as adjunct‐to‐insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes: A valid modelling and simulation analysis to confirm efficacy
Authors: Perkins Bruce A. , Soleymanlou Nima , Rosenstock Julio , Skyler Jay S. , Laffel Lori M. , Liesenfeld Karl‐Heinz , Neubacher Dietmar , Riggs Matthew M. , Johnston Curtis K. , Eudy‐Byrne Rena J. , Elmokadem Ahmed , George Jyothis T. , Marquard Jan , Nock Valerie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo confirm the observed reduction in HbA1c for the 2.5 mg dose in EASE‐3 by modelling and simulation analyses.Materials and methodsIndependent of data from EASE‐3 that tested 2.5 mg, we simulated the effect of a 2.5 mg dose through patient‐level, exposure‐response modelling in the EASE‐2 clinical study. A primary semi‐mechanistic model evaluated efficacy considering clinical insulin dose adjustments made after treatment initiation that potentially limited HbA1c reductions. The model was informed by pharmacokinetic, insulin dose, mean daily glucose and HbA1c data, and was verified by comparing the simulations with the observed HbA1c change in EASE‐3. One of two empagliflozin phase 3 trials in type 1 diabetes (EASE‐3 but not EASE‐2) included a lower 2.5 mg dose. A placebo‐corrected HbA1c reduction of 0.28% was demonstrated without the increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis observed at higher doses (10 mg and 25 mg). Since only one trial included the lower dose, we aimed to confirm the observed reduction in HbA1c for the 2.5 mg dose by modelling and simulation analyses.ResultsThe simulated 26‐week mean HbA1c change was −0.41% without insulin dose adjustment and −0.29% at 26 weeks with insulin dose adjustment. A simplified (descriptive) model excluding insulin dose and mean daily glucose confirmed the –0.29% HbA1c change that would have been observed had the EASE‐2 population received a 2.5 mg dose for 26/52 weeks.ConclusionsThe HbA1c benefit of low‐dose empagliflozin directly observed in the EASE‐3 trial was confirmed by two modelling and simulation approaches.
Comparative study of Pickering emulsions stabilised by starch particles from different botanical origins
Authors: Song Xiaoyan , Ma Fenglian , Zheng Fen , Ren Hongtao , Gong Hui 
Published: December 2019

SummaryStarch botanical origin is a key factor for the characteristics of Pickering emulsion. Starches with different sizes from rice (2.9–7.6 µm), waxy corn (9.3–25.0 µm), wheat (11.4–33.7 µm) and potato (24.4–54.1 µm) were esterified by octenyl succinic anhydride. The modified starch particles were used as stabilisers to produce oil‐in‐water Pickering emulsions. The physical stability, microstructures and rheological properties of different emulsions were compared. Results indicated that the emulsion stabilised with rice starch particles had the minimum droplet size of 83.6 µm and best physical stability during 30 days of storage. Moreover, starch particle size was negatively correlated with emulsion stability (P < 0.05). The particles (3.85% of the emulsion, w/w) built up wall‐like structures around oil droplets, which prevented them from freely moving. All emulsions showed pseudoplastic fluid behaviours and presented gel properties, but elastic modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) were mainly affected by starch botanical origins.
Resource‐use dynamics of co‐occurring chondrichthyans from the First Coast, North Florida, USA
Authors: Morgan Clark , Shipley Oliver N. , Gelsleichter James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent studies on shark assemblages on the northeast Florida and southeast Georgia coast (hereafter referred to collectively as the “First Coast”) have demonstrated differences in species and age‐class composition of catch from previously characterized estuaries and newly surveyed area beaches, demonstrating that these regions may provide a critical habitat to different segments (i.e., life stages) of local shark populations. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) from muscle tissue and blood plasma were used to examine trophic dynamics (and temporal variability thereof) of the three dominant co‐occurring species found along First Coast beaches (the Atlantic Sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, Blacknose shark Carcharhinus acronotus and Blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus) to determine if they exhibit overlap in resource use along with spatial and temporal habitat use. Although considered spatially segregated from the beach species, a dominant, age‐class species found in First Coast estuaries (juvenile Sandbar sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus) was also included in this analysis for comparison. Temporal variability of resource‐use characteristics was detected at the species level. Resource‐use overlap among species varied by tissue type and was generally higher for blood plasma, suggesting greater resource sharing over more recent time periods. Over longer time periods Atlantic Sharpnose and Blacktip sharks exhibited resource‐use expansion, whereas Blacknose sharks exhibited a narrowing in resource use, suggesting a more specialized foraging strategy compared to the other species. The resource‐use breadth of Sandbar sharks also expanded between blood plasma and muscle tissue. Significant size relationships were detected in Blacktip and Sandbar sharks, indicating ontogenetic resource shifts for both species. A diversity of highly productive resource pools likely support shark populations along the First Coast such that resource‐use differentiation is not required to facilitate species co‐occurrence. This work may shed light on understanding patterns of species co‐occurrence as well as aid in future conservation efforts.
Revisiting the Educational Gradient in Marriage in Japan
Authors: Fukuda Setsuya , Raymo James M. , Yoda Shohei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis article documents trends in the educational gradient in marriage in Japan and evaluates the mechanisms underlying those trends by drawing on two broad theoretical frameworks emphasizing gender revolution and labor market bifurcation.BackgroundEfforts to explain reversal of the negative educational gradient in women's marriage have been limited in both theoretical scope and geographical focus. Distinctive features of the Japanese context allow us to shed new light on multiple sources of change in marriage behavior.MethodThe authors apply the harmonic‐mean two‐sex marriage model to person‐period data for men and women to investigate the changes in marriage rates by educational attainment and by specific educational pairings during the period 1988 to 2015. Our focus on changes in patterns of educational pairing facilitates the evaluation of predictions from the two broad theoretical frameworks.ResultsThe analyses showed that the negative educational gradient in women's first marriage disappeared by 2005 and that a positive gradient emerged after 2009. This change was brought about by a combination of decline in the marriage rates of less‐educated women and an increase in the marriage rates of highly educated women. The former was the result of declining educational homogamy, whereas the latter was due to a rise in female educational hypogamy. In contrast, the educational gradient for men remained positive throughout the time period examined.ConclusionOur study provides the first evidence of a positive educational gradient in women's marriage in Japan and provides empirical evidence consistent with expectations derived from two different, but interrelated and potentially reinforcing, theoretical frameworks.
Bullying Environment Moderates the Relationship Between Exercise and Mental Health in Bullied US Children
Authors: Sibold Jeremy , Edwards Erika M. , O'Neil Linnae , Murray‐Close Dianna , Hudziak James J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDExercise reduces the odds of sadness and suicidality in bullied students, but the role of the bullying environment on this relationship remains unknown.METHODSUsing combined data from the 2013 and 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 29,207), adjusted logistic regression models estimated odds ratios between exercise, sadness, and suicidal ideation and attempt, stratified by bullying exposure (electronically/at school).RESULTSOverall, 40.2% of students bullied at school and 48.3% of students bullied electronically reported feeling sad, compared to 22.6% of those not bullied. Bullied students were 2–3 times more likely to report suicidal ideation, and 3–4 times more likely to report suicidal attempt, regardless of bullying context. Students who were bullied at school and exercised 4–7 days per week had lower odds of sadness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.81), suicidal ideation (AOR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.53–82), and suicidal attempt (AOR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.48–0.98) compared to those who exercised 0–3 days. There were no protective effects of exercise for students bullied electronically.CONCLUSIONSExercise reduced sadness and suicidality in adolescents bullied at school but not for students who were cyberbullied. Bullying environment should be a primary consideration in school mental health treatment and maintenance paradigms.
A major facilitator superfamily domain 8 frameshift variant in a cat with suspected neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Authors: Guevar Julien , Hug Petra , Giebels Felix , Durand Alexane , Jagannathan Vidhya , Leeb Tosso 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA 2‐year‐old male domestic shorthair cat was presented for a progressive history of abnormal posture, behavior, and mentation. Menace response was absent bilaterally, and generalized tremors were identified on neurological examination. A neuroanatomical diagnosis of diffuse brain dysfunction was made. A neurodegenerative disorder was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging findings further supported the clinical suspicion. Whole‐genome sequencing of the affected cat with filtering of variants against a database of unaffected cats was performed. Candidate variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing followed by genotyping of a control population. Two homozygous private (unique to individual or families and therefore absent from the breed‐matched controlled population) protein‐changing variants in the major facilitator superfamily domain 8 (MFSD8) gene, a known candidate gene for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 7 (CLN7), were identified. The affected cat was homozygous for the alternative allele at both variants. This is the first report of a pathogenic alteration of the MFSD8 gene in a cat strongly suspected to have CLN7.
Nurse home visitation with vulnerable families in rural areas: A qualitative case file review
Authors: Wideman Ellie S. , Dunnigan Allison , Jonson‐Reid Melissa , Kohl Patricia , Constantino John , Tandon Mini , Recktenwald Angela , Tompkins Ron 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveNurse home visiting may address challenges and resource disparities that threaten maternal and infant well‐being in rural areas, but little is known about United States' program implementation. This qualitative study explored how family and community characteristics affected rural nurse home visiting.SampleThe sample for content analysis included families beginning services in 2010–2011 living in the rural counties with the highest caseloads (433 families).DesignElectronic nurse home visiting case files from three rural counties were analyzed using a content analysis approach. The partner agency provided input on key constructs of interest but independent coding was also done to capture additional themes. Quantitative county level data and comments from member checking informed interpretation. Member checking included individual nurses serving the selected counties (n = 3) and input from an agency level supervisory meeting for validation.ResultsConcerns of families served (e.g., mental health) may not be unique to rural areas, but challenges to accessing resources and constellation of needs were. Nurses adapted engagement and service strategies to meet these needs.ConclusionAgencies serving rural areas should allocate resources and adapt training to support nurses based on unique community profiles. More research on rural nurse home visiting practice and outcomes is needed.
Persistent Risk‐Related Worry as a Function of Recalled Exposure to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Prior Trauma
Authors: Parker Andrew M , Finucane Melissa L. , Ayer Lynsay , Ramchand Rajeev , Parks Vanessa , Clancy Noreen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLarge oil spills are disasters associated with psychological effects for exposed communities. The amount of worry that individuals experience after a disaster may be influenced by many factors, such as the type and extent of exposure to disaster impacts, prior trauma, and sociodemographic characteristics. This study examined the nature and predictors of worry about ongoing impacts of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DH) oil spill reported by Gulf of Mexico coastal residents. A random sample of 2,520 adult residents of Gulf of Mexico coastal counties were administered a telephone survey in 2016, including items about persistent worry and exposure to DH impacts, prior trauma, residence at the time of the spill, and sociodemographic characteristics. Respondents varied in the amount of worry they reported about ongoing health, social, and economic impacts. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, higher exposure to the DH oil spill was related to higher levels of worry about ongoing impacts, with past traumatic events related specifically to worry about health impacts. Unexpectedly, those who moved into the region after the spill showed similar levels of worry to residents exposed to the spill, and higher levels than residents who did not recall being exposed to the DH oil spill. This study highlights the impact of the DH oil spill on coastal residents many years after the DH disaster. The findings underscore the need to examine multiple pathways by which individuals experience disasters and for risk researchers to close knowledge gaps about long‐term impacts of oil spills within a multi‐dimensional framework.
Relational ethics as a cultural constraint on fathers' parental leave in a Confucian welfare state, South Korea
Authors: Kim Yeon‐Jin , Kim Suyoung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPromoting fathers' parental leave has recently become of major policy interest in many welfare states. The Korean Government also introduced paid parental leave for working fathers in 2001 and has increasingly strengthened such incentive schemes. However, despite its rapid advancement, fathers' utilisation of parental leave is increasing slowly and most fathers still opt out of their responsibilities for childcare. As sociocultural norms are a primary cause of this low take‐up behaviour pattern, this study focuses on the Confucian relational ethics deeply embedded in Korean society. Through in‐depth interviews with 15 Korean working couples, this article demonstrates how Confucian relational ethics constrain fathers from enjoying their individual right to parental leave by designating them as last‐resort caregivers within families and as forefront workers in the workplace. This study shows the importance of the sociocultural grounding of a society to ordinary citizens when they utilise a social policy in their daily lives.
Corticospinal responses during passive shortening and lengthening of tibialis anterior and soleus in older compared to younger adults
Authors: Škarabot Jakob , Ansdell Paul , Howatson Glyn , Goodall Stuart , Durbaba Rade 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Are there age‐related differences in corticospinal responses whilst passively changing muscle length?
What is the main finding and its importance?
In contrast to young, older adults exhibited no modulation of corticospinal excitability in tibialis anterior during passive ankle movement. These data show impaired sensorimotor response in older adults during length changes of tibialis anterior, thus contributing to our understanding of age‐related changes in sensorimotor control.
AbstractCorticospinal responses have been shown to increase and decrease with passive muscle shortening and lengthening, respectively, as a result of changes in muscle spindle afferent feedback. The ageing sensory system is accompanied by a number of alterations that might influence the processing and integration of sensory information. Consequently, corticospinal excitability might be modulated differently whilst changing muscle length. In 10 older adults (66 ± 4 years), corticospinal responses (MEP/Mmax) were evoked in a static position, and during passive shortening and lengthening of soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA), and these data were compared to the re‐analysed data pool of 18 younger adults (25 ± 4 years) published previously. Resting motor threshold was greater in SOL compared to TA (P < 0.001), but did not differ between young and older (P = 0.405). No differences were observed in MEP/Mmax between the static position, passive shortening or lengthening in SOL (young: all 0.02 ± 0.01; older: 0.05 ± 0.04, 0.03 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.01, respectively; P = 0.298), and responses were not dependent on age (P = 0.090). Conversely, corticospinal responses in TA were modulated differently between the age groups (P = 0.002), with greater MEP/Mmax during passive shortening (0.22 ± 0.12) compared to passive lengthening (0.13 ± 0.10) and static position (0.10 ± 0.05) in young (P < 0.001), but unchanged in older adults (0.19 ± 0.11, 0.22 ± 0.11 and 0.18 ± 0.07, respectively; P ≥ 0.867). The present experiment shows that length‐dependent changes in corticospinal excitability in TA of the young are not evident in older adults. This suggests impaired sensorimotor response during muscle length changes in older age that might only be present in ankle flexors, but not extensors.
Transmission Loss and Dynamic Response of Hierarchical Membrane-Type Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Edwards William T. , Chang Chia-Ming , McKnight Geoffrey , Sorensen Adam , Nutt Steven R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A deployment-scale array of locally resonant membrane-type acoustic metamaterials (MAMs) is fabricated. The acoustic performance of the array is measured in a transmission loss chamber, and a complex interaction between the individual cell and the array length scales is shown to exist. Transmission behavior of both the membrane and the array are independently studied using analytical models, and a method for estimating transmission loss through the structure that combines vibroacoustic predictions from both length scales is presented and shown to agree with measurements. Degradation of transmission loss performance often associated with scaling individual MAM cells into arrays is explained using analytical tools and verified using laser vibrometry. A novel design for hierarchical locally resonant acoustic metamaterials is introduced, and experimental and analytical data confirm this approach offers an effective strategy for minimizing or eliminating the efficiency losses associated with scaling MAM structures.
Characterizing Mist Distribution in Through-Tool Minimum Quantity Lubrication Drills
Authors: Raval Jay K. , Kao Yi-Tang , Tai Bruce L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The mist distribution is a critical factor in through-tool minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) drilling since a small amount of lubricant is used. However, it has rarely been discussed because of the difficulty in measuring the mist flow experimentally. In this paper, an optical approach is developed to approximate the mist distribution by using high-speed images from multiple angles. Drill bits with two through-tool channel shapes (circle and triangle) and three helix angles (0 deg, 30 deg, and 45 deg) are 3D printed for mist distribution analysis. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is conducted to investigate the underlying physics behind mist flow variations. The results show that, in the circular channel, the mist is concentrated near the periphery; the low concentration region shifts away from the chisel point as the helix angle increases. For the triangular channel, the mist is concentrated near three vertices but is less affected by the helix angle. Furthermore, based on the CFD solution, high mist concentration tends to be in low-velocity regions and vice versa. This study confirms a noticeable difference of mist flow distribution in different through-tool channel designs.
Environmental Features Associated With Older Adults’ Physical Activity in Different Types of Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Keskinen Kirsi E. , Rantakokko Merja , Suomi Kimmo , Rantanen Taina , Portegijs Erja 
Published: December 2019

The authors studied associations of nature- and infrastructure-based features with physical activity (PA) in different urban neighborhood types; 848 community-dwelling people aged 75–90 years reported PA and three perceived nature-based destinations and seven infrastructure-based features as outdoor mobility facilitators. Neighborhood type was defined using a geographic information system based on proximity to central service areas and residential density (city center, subcenter, and dense and dispersed areas outside centers). PA was higher in dense areas and the city center. Binary logistic regression showed that perceiving nature-based destinations increased the odds for higher PA in the city center and areas outside centers. In dispersed areas, perceived infrastructure-based facilitators were especially associated with higher PA. Environmental features were not associated with PA in subcenters. Higher residential density, as a proxy for a higher amount of infrastructure, rather than center proximity, may underlie older adults’ PA. The spatial context should be acknowledged in studies on environment–PA associations.
Growth of triangle zone fold-thrusts within the NW Borneo deep-water fold belt, offshore Sabah, southern South China Sea
Authors: Wu Jonny , McClay Ken , de Vera Jose 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe NW Borneo deep-water fold-and-thrust belt, offshore Sabah, southern South China Sea, contains a structurally complex region of three to four seafloor ridges outboard of the shelf-slope break. Previous studies have suggested the seafloor ridges formed either above shale diapirs produced by mass movement of overpressured shales (i.e., mobile shale) or above an imbricate fold-and-thrust array. Here, we performed tectonostratigraphic analyses on a petroleum industry three-dimensional (3-D) seismic volume that imaged the full growth stratal record. We show fold growth history, deformation styles, along-strike structural variabilities, and synkinematic sedimentation during triangle zone–style fold growth. Nine seismic horizons within growth strata were mapped and correlated to petroleum industry seismostratigraphy. Synkinematic sedimentation interactions with growing folds and near-surface strains were analyzed from seismic attribute maps. We interpret that the seafloor structures were formed by imbricate thrusts above multiple detachments. We estimate ∼8 km minimum shortening since the late Miocene ca. 10 Ma. The folds show oversteepened fold forelimbs, back-rotated backlimbs, and forward-vergent (NW to NNW) “blind” thrust ramps that terminate within the growth strata. Fold cores show evidence of internal shear. Immature folds show detachment fold geometries, whereas mature folds show forelimb break thrusts, type I triangle zones, and rotated forward-vergent roof thrusts. Thrust linkages spaced ∼10 km apart were exploited as thrust top synkinematic sedimentation pathways; the linkages also partition near-surface strains. Our comprehensive, three-dimensional documentation of triangle zone fold growth and sedimentation in a deep-water fold belt highlights internal shear, multiple detachments, and opposite thrust vergence; mobile shales are not required to explain the deformation.