bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forbidden codon combinations in error-detecting circular codes
Authors: Fimmel Elena , Saleh Hadi , Strüngmann Lutz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Circular codes, which are considered as putative remnants of primaeval comma-free codes, have recently become a focal point of research. These codes constitute a secondary type of genetic code, primarily tasked with detecting and preserving the normal reading frame within protein-coding sequences. The identification of a universal code present across various species has sparked numerous theoretical and experimental inquiries. Among these, the exploration of the class of 216 self-complementary

$$C^3$$

C
3

-codes of maximum size 20 has garnered significant attention. However, the origin of the number 216 lacks a satisfactory explanation, and the mathematical construction of these codes remains elusive. This paper introduces a new software designed to facilitate the construction of self-complementary

$$C^3$$

C
3

-codes (of maximum size). The approach involves a systematic exclusion of codons, guided by two fundamental mathematical theorems. These theorems demonstrate how codons can be automatically excluded from consideration when imposing requirements such as self-complementarity, circularity or maximality. By leveraging these theorems, our software provides a novel and efficient means to construct these intriguing circular codes, shedding light on their mathematical foundations and contributing to a deeper understanding of their biological significance.
Knowledge gaps in legume diversity and distribution and prospects for future research
Authors: Fernandes Moabe Ferreira , Lewis Gwilym P. , Vatanparast Mohammad , Pezzini Flávia Fonseca , Brown Matilda J. M. , de Queiroz Luciano P. , Cardoso Domingos , Pennington R. Toby 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite significant advancements in legume (Leguminosae or Fabaceae) taxonomy, biogeography and phylogenetics, substantial knowledge gaps persist, limiting our ability to understand their diversity, evolutionary history and conservation needs. In this study we used a robust taxonomic backbone and information housed in publicly available biodiversity repositories to quantify global knowledge gaps within the legume family, focusing on the completeness of species inventory (Linnean shortfall), geographic coverage (Wallacean shortfall), and evolutionary representation (Darwinian shortfall). Our findings underscore that approximately 11% of legume species are yet to be described, with high concentrations in regions such as Iran, Northwestern China, Western Australia, Cape Provinces, and Northeast Brazil. The assessment of gaps in geographic coverage revealed that around 19.8% of legume species lack any occurrence record in public databases. Additionally, nearly 50% of species had fewer than ten occurrence records, and another 50% had incomplete geographic coverage relative to their known distributions. Significant geographic gaps were identified in Temperate Asia, particularly Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey. Furthermore, the limited availability of comprehensive DNA sequence data for key markers (ITS, matK, psbA, rbcL, trnL), with 52.5% of species lacking sequences for these markers, poses challenges for accurate phylogenetic inference, especially for clades from poorly sampled regions like South America and Temperate Asia. Addressing these gaps requires integrative approaches that combine herbarium collection assessments, targeted fieldwork, enhanced data integration across repositories, and advanced phylogenetic techniques. By prioritising these strategies, we can accelerate the pace of species discovery and refine biogeographical and phylogenetic understanding for this ecologically and economically important group of plants.
Towards the estimation of wall shear stress in smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Laha Sumanta , Fourtakas Georgios , Das Prasanta Kumar , Keshmiri Amir 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver the past few decades, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has emerged as an alternative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, yet the estimation of wall shear stress lacks adequate standardisation. Wall shear stress is a critical metric in numerous applications, and hence, this is the focus of this paper. The present study proposes a novel SPH-based method for estimating wall shear stress using velocity data from the fluid particles adjacent to the wall. Wall shear stress is then calculated at the wall based on the wall shear stress data of the neighbouring fluid particles. For laminar flow, wall shear stress is estimated directly from velocity gradients, while for turbulent flow, the Smagorinsky large eddy simulation (LES) model with eddy viscosity is used. The results obtained from the model are rigorously validated against experimental, simulation and analytical data, confirming its effectiveness across different flow conditions. This validation highlights the reliability of the proposed model for fluid dynamics and bio-fluid mechanics research.
Mapping sustainable development goals to citizen science projects–a comparative evaluation of automatic classifiers
Authors: Santos Patricia , Amarashinghe Ishari , Calvera-Isabal Miriam , Schulten Cleo , Ulrich Hoppe H. , Roldán-Álvarez David , Martínez-Martínez Fernando 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraditional data sources provide insufficient knowledge for measuring the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Data related to SDGs are sourced primarily from global databases maintained by international organizations, national statistical offices and other government agencies. Recent studies show the value of using data from Citizen Science (CS) for assessing the SDGs. There is an important online presence of CS programs, professional networks for CS and online communities of citizen scientists, leading to the generation of several CS platforms. In this context, the role of computational data science is key. This paper explores and exemplifies opportunities for combining web-data mining techniques and automatic classifiers to enhance the understanding of the inter-relation between CS and the SDGs. An analysis of different automatic classifiers is presented by comparing the results obtained from their application in a sample of 208 CS project descriptions. The results of this study indicate the benefits and limitations of these techniques (nCoder, ESA, OSDG and BERT), but also provides a discussion of the potential benefits of using data from CS projects to map the 17 SDGs.
The global security initiative and China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation
Authors: Song Qingrun , Wang Bin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Global Security Initiative (GSI) has provided significant thought inspiration and guidance for both traditional and non-traditional security governance in today’s world, and China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation has provided a representative example of how the GSI can be practiced and implemented. China and Thailand have friendly relations, share similar security cooperation concepts, and have many common interests in terms of non-traditional security challenges. Subsequently, the two countries have carried out extensive bilateral and multilateral cooperation in areas such as maintaining financial security, combating transnational crime, resolving public health problems, and responding to climate change and natural disasters. The China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation has yielded fruitful results. In addition to these dynamics, bilateral non-traditional security cooperation also has shortcomings and challenges, including irregular cycles in some areas of collaboration, a low degree of mechanization in certain collaboration, inadequate intellectual support, and the complexity of great power competition which causes some impact for China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation. China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation has enhanced the security and mutual trust between the countries, boosted bilateral cooperation and development, provided an example for non-traditional security cooperation between China and other countries, and promoted regional and global security and development.
LIV selection in ‘tweener’ patients treated with magnetically controlled growing rods vs. posterior spinal fusion
Authors: Yoshida Brandon , Leonardi Claudia , Valenzuela-Moss Jacquelyn , Andras Lindsay M. , Tetreault Tyler A. , Emans John B. , Smith John T. , Pahys Joshua M. , Li G. Ying ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group, Heffernan Michael J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the LIV selection in ‘tweener’ patients treated with MCGR or PSF.

Methods
A multicenter pediatric spine database was queried for ambulatory patients ages 8–11 years treated by MCGR or PSF with at least 2-year follow-up. The relationship between the LIV and preoperative spinal height, curve magnitude, and implant type were assessed. The relationship between the touched vertebrae (TV), the last substantially touched vertebrae (LSTV), the stable vertebrae (SV), and the LIV were evaluated.

Results
One hundred and fifty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Preoperative curve magnitude was similar between groups (MCGR 68 ± 19.0° vs. PSF 66 ± 17.2°, p = 0.6). Preoperative curve magnitude was associated with LIV, as larger curves were associated with a more caudal LIV (p = 0.0004). Distribution of the LIV was more varied in PSF compared to MCGR. L3 was the LIV in 43% of MCGR patients compared to 27% of PSF patients. A thoracic LIV was more common in the PSF group (PSF 13% vs. MCGR 1.2%, p = 0.0038). The LIV was cephalad to the SV in 68% of PSF compared to 48% of MCGR patients (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
The majority of LIV selection in ‘tweener’ patients was at L3 or below regardless of surgical strategy, likely driven by curve magnitude. However, ‘tweener’ patients treated with PSF had more cephalad LIV selections compared to patients treated with MCGR. Potential LIV differences should be considered when selecting MCGR vs. PSF in ‘tweener’ patients.

Level of evidence
III.
Addition of SHR-1701 to first-line capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) plus bevacizumab for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Qiu Miao-Zhen , Bai Yuxian , Wang Jufeng , Gu Kangsheng , Yang Mudan , He Yifu , Yi Cheng , Jin Yongdong , Liu Bo , Wang Feng , Chen Yu-kun , Dai Wei , Jiang Yingyi , Huang Chuanpei , Xu Rui-Hua , Luo Hui-Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis phase 2/3 trial (NCT04856787) assessed the efficacy and safety of SHR-1701, a bifunctional protein targeting PD-L1 and TGF-β, in combination with BP102 (a bevacizumab biosimilar) and XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) as a first-line treatment for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In this phase 2 study, a total of 62 patients with untreated, histologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma and no prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease were enrolled. Patients received SHR-1701 (30 mg/kg), bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg), and oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) intravenously on day 1, along with oral capecitabine (1 g/m2 twice daily) on days 1–14 of 21-day cycles. Up to eight induction cycles were administered, followed by maintenance therapy for responders or those with stable disease. The primary endpoints were safety and objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1. The combination achieved an ORR of 59.7% and a disease control rate (DCR) of 83.9%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.3 months (95% CI: 8.3–13.7), with 6- and 12-month PFS rates of 77.2% and 41.3%, respectively. The estimated 12-month overall survival (OS) rate was 67.7%. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 59.7% of patients, with anemia and neutropenia (8.1% each) being the most common. Retrospective DNA sequencing revealed that high tumor mutational burden, neo-antigens, and SBS15 enrichment correlated with better responses. Elevated baseline lactate dehydrogenase was linked to shorter PFS. SHR-1701 combined with XELOX and bevacizumab demonstrated a manageable safety profile and potent antitumor activity in unresectable mCRC.
Metric‐guided class‐level alignment for domain adaptation
Authors: Wang Xiaoshun , Li Yunhan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe utilisation of domain adaptation methods facilitates the resolution of classification challenges in an unlabelled target domain by capitalising on the labelled information from source domains. Unfortunately, previous domain adaptation methods have focused mostly on global domain adaptation and have not taken into account class‐specific data, which leads to poor knowledge transfer performance. The study of class‐level domain adaptation, which aims to precisely match the distributions of different domains, has garnered attention in recent times. However, existing investigations into class‐level alignment frequently align domain features either directly on or in close proximity to classification boundaries, resulting in the creation of uncertain samples that could potentially impair classification accuracy. To address the aforementioned problem, we propose a new approach called metric‐guided class‐level alignment (MCA) as a solution to this problem. Specifically, we employ different metrics to enable the network to acquire supplementary information, thereby enhancing class‐level alignment. Moreover, MCA can be effectively combined with existing domain‐level alignment methods to successfully mitigate the challenges posed by domain shift. Extensive testing on commonly‐used public datasets shows that our method outperforms many other cutting‐edge domain adaptation methods, showing significant gains over baseline performance.
A Gaussian Unscented Kalman Filter algorithm for indoor positioning system using Ultra Wide Band measurement
Authors: Sun DaLong , Wei Mingsheng , Lyu Yiyang , Wang Di , Li Shidang , Li Wenshuai , He Lei , Zhu Shihu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn order to further improve the accuracy of the non‐linear positioning model in the research of ultra wide band (UWB) indoor positioning, a Gaussian unscented Kalman filter (GUKF) algorithm is proposed in this paper. This localisation algorithm first uses a Gaussian function to design a Gaussian smoothing filter template to process the smoothing of experimental data in the GUKF algorithm, and then the filtering algorithm is used to obtain higher positioning accuracy. This paper utilises simulations and actual experiments to verify and analyse the GUKF algorithm, and the actual experiment environment was divided into line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) experimental environments. The measured experimental results indicate that in the static test of location tags in LOS and NLOS experimental environments, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the GUKF algorithm is reduced by 15.88% and 14.10%, respectively; in the dynamic test, the RMSE of the GUKF algorithm is reduced by 16.67% and 17.89%, respectively, compared with the unscented Kalman filter algorithm. In addition, the positioning performance evaluation method of the mean error and cumulative distribution function curve also verifies that the GUKF algorithm has a higher positioning accuracy than the UKF, Least Squares, and Time of Arrival algorithms.
A cyber–physical system prospect theoretic game through a VANET lens
Authors: Alabdel Abass Ahmed A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of attack mitigation in an intelligent transportation network or vehicular network is considered as a game. The player’s perception of uncertainty and decision making is studied under a subjective prospect theoretic (PT) model and an objective expected utility theory (EUT) model. A game where each player chooses one of two strategies with certain probabilities is analysed. The case where subjective players bias their choices of the probabilities using the Prelec weighting function is considered and compared with the EUT based decisions and the effect of the framing effect function and . The corresponding Nash equilibria (NE) are derived and found through the replicator dynamic equation. Under the Prelec function, the results agree with the previously published results that the defender is biased more into defending the more important road side units. However, under both the function and the framing effect, the players' behaviour does not depend on the loss penalty parameter, and the Prelec function dominates the framing effect. For small values, the players make conservative decisions compared to higher values regardless of the effect of the framing function. For high values the players are more certain in their decisions than the EUT players.
Scandium(III)-Catalyzed N-Alkylation of Carbazoles with Alcohols
Authors: Niu Yu-Dan , Lv Pei , Chen Peng , Jiang Yi-Jun , Hu Hao-Lan , Shi Jianghuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA general and efficient protocol has been developed for the N-alkylation of carbazoles with benzylic alcohols via scandium-catalyzed reaction. This transformation proceeds smoothly under an air atmosphere and features simple reaction conditions and wide substrate scope, which deliver a variety of N-alkylated carbazoles with up to 99% yields and broad functional group compatibilities.
Optic neuritis in demyelinating diseases: study of 38 cases
Authors: Ferreira João Marcos Campos , Fontes Cristiane Rebello Gomes de Souza , Ramos Carolina do Val Ferreira , Nascimento Osvaldo J. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve caused by genetic factors, external influences, and the activation of cross-reactive immune responses to infections.
Objective To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients presenting optic neuritis as the initial symptom of some demyelinating diseases, divided among multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG)-associated disorders (MOGADs).
Methods Thirty-eight patients who had optic neuritis as their first symptom and later developed MS, NMOSD, or MOGADs were analyzed.
Results There were thirty-four female patients (90%) and 4 male patients (10%); 23 (60%) were white and 15 (40%) were black. The most frequent definitive diagnosis was MS, with 24 (63%) cases, followed by NMOSD with 12 (32%) cases, and MOGADs with 2 (5%) cases. Regarding age, 9 (24%) were under 20 years old, 19 (50%) were between 20 and 30 years old, 6 (21%) were between 31 and 40 years old, and 2 (5%) were over 41 years old. As for the time to diagnosis, MS required 54 months in the public sector and 12 months in the private sector. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder took 108 months in the private sector and 14.5 months in the public sector, while MOGADs averaged 2 months in the private sector.
Conclusion Patients with optic neuritis as the initial symptom were predominantly female, aged between 21 and 40 years, and of predominantly white ethnicity, with a higher prevalence of MS. Additionally, a direct relationship between the healthcare sector and the time to diagnosis became evident.
Association of interleukin 4 and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy in young diabetics
Authors: Silva Raquel Garcia Rocco da , Lima Marcelo A. Costa , Moura Claudia de Melo , Luescher Jorge Luiz , Campos Ludmila Nascimento Rodrigues , Silva Daniel de Souza e , Ribeiro Márcia Gonçalves 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background It is believed that genetic factors play a role in the development and severity of neural injury among people with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSP), because some genes are involved in specific biological pathways, acting in different ways in the pathogenic process.
Objective To identify potential associations involving the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) and interleukin 4 (IL-4 intron 3 variable number of tandem repeats [I3VNTR]) gene polymorphisms and DSP in the studied sample.
Methods In total, 70 children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes underwent a nerve conduction studie (NCS) of the sural nerve. Saliva samples were collected for DNA extraction and genotyping of the MTHFR C677T and IL-4 I3VNTR polymorphisms.
Results The prevalence of DSP was 15.71%. The participants with DSP presented higher mean levels of glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p > 0.05). The NCS amplitudes were lower in individuals with DSP (p = 0.00). The mean conduction velocity was lower in people with the A1A1 genotype (p = 0.02). Maternal and paternal history of diabetes in great-grandparents were associated with DSP (p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Glycated hemoglobin and impaired Achilles reflex were associated with the MTHFR
CC genotype (p = 0.04 and 0.05 respectively) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was associated with the MTHFR
CT genotype (p = 0.05). We found no association between the polymorphisms investigated and DSP.
Conclusion In the present study, we found no association involving the MTHFR C677T and IL-4 I3VNTR polymorphisms and DSP. However, the study provides other associations and suggests possible implications for these findings.
Simulation, imagination and justification
Authors: Werner Christiana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
According to an epistemically optimistic view of empathy – understood as the simulation of another person’s state – agents learn (1) in which state the target is and (2) what it is like for her to be in this state. Assuming the necessity of justification for knowledge, this view faces the challenge of how imagination can justify beliefs. Constraining simulation to match the target’s state seems to be a solution. Because of the abundance of plausible psychological reactions towards a specific situation, however, we need to know how the target reacts in order to simulate the correct mental state. According to narrativists, we gain this knowledge by means of testimony, which makes simulation superfluous. For those who accept that (2) has epistemic value, the paper presents a solution to the problem of justification that assigns a central role to both testimony and imagination.
A novel scaffold for biofilm formation by soil microbes using iron-cross-linked alginate gels
Authors: Machida-Sano Ikuko , Koizumi Hiroshi , Yoshitake Shinpei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of alginate gels, specifically ferric-ion-cross-linked alginate (Fe-alginate) and calcium-ion-cross-linked alginate (Ca-alginate), as scaffolds for soil microbial attachment and biofilm formation in soil. Staining with crystal violet and observations with scanning electron microscopy showed that microorganisms formed biofilms on Fe-alginate surfaces in the soil. When the soil was incubated with Fe-alginate, microbial biomass, estimated by adenosine triphosphate content, increased not only in the Fe-alginate but also in the surrounding soil. The weight of Ca-alginate in the soil decreased with time owing to chemical dissolution. However, the weight of Fe-alginate in the soil did not decrease, likely because it was protected by the microbial biofilm that formed on its surface. These results demonstrate that the use of Fe-alginate, in contrast to Ca-alginate, as a scaffold may allow for more efficient use of soil microbial functions in agriculture and bioremediation.