bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoration of riparian forest corridors: eight years monitoring the diversity of soil ants in an Andean rural landscape
Authors: Jiménez‐Carmona Elisabeth , Herrera‐Rangel Janine , Renjifo Luis Miguel , Armbrecht Inge 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ecological restoration of riparian forest corridors at the landscape scale can facilitate recruitment of certain flora and fauna, thus possibly helping to maintain viable wildlife populations.
We evaluated ecological restoration of three corridors between two protected Andean forests. Soil ants and eight environmental variables focused on edaphic conditions were monitored for 8 years following restoration activity. Soil ants were collected in pitfall traps and by leaf litter extraction on 21 plots classified into five types of habitat: large forest patches, riparian forests, two types of restoration corridors on former timber and pasture land (R‐Forestry and R‐Pasture, respectively), and Pasture.
A total of 132 ant species belonging to 40 genera were found. Among these, 112 species were found in Forests, 105 in Riparian, 80 in R‐Forestry, 79 in R‐Pasture and 63 in Pasture. Composition analyses (canonical correspondence analysis and NMDS) showed that the ant community in restoration corridors and pastures is far from resembling that of the forests. Yet, there is biological progress with respect to the Pasture.

Gnamptogenys bisulca and Pheidole pygmaea were indicator species for advanced restoration progress because of their close association to forests, while Linepithema piliferum indicated a reversal of restoration progress due to its preference for open habitats.
Since both ant richness and composition in restored areas do not yet resemble the reference forest ecosystem, we suggest that other interventions such as restoring wider corridors and changing to wild‐friendly agriculture around the reserves might improve restoration efforts in Andean landscapes.
The density of infiltrating T cells and macrophages in the parental tumour correlates with growth rate of tumoroids established from colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mousavi Nabi , Jespersen Anna Josefine Bang , Jorgensen Lars Nannestad , Timmermans Vera , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the density of infiltrating T cells and macrophages in the parental colorectal cancer (CRC) and the growth rate of tumoroids (i.e. a patient‐derived in vitro 3D model). Tumoroids were established from fresh specimens of primary and metastatic CRC from 29 patients. The in vitro growth rate of tumoroids was monitored by automated imaging. The density of infiltrating T cells and macrophages was determined in the centre of the tumour (CT) and at the invasive margin (IM) of the parental tumours. This was performed by digital image analysis on the whole‐slide scanned images using Visiopharm® software. Tumoroids with higher density of infiltrating CD3+ lymphocytes in the IM of their parental tumour showed a higher growth rate (P < .0005). The average relative growth rate (log10) during the period from day 1 to day 11 was 0.364 ± 0.006 (mean ± SD) for the CD3+ (IM)‐high group and 0.273 ± 0.008 (mean ± SD) for the CD3+ (IM)‐low group. In contrast, the density of CD68+ infiltrating macrophages in the parental tumours showed significant inverse effect on the growth rate of the tumoroids (P < .0005). The present study showed that the density of immune cells in the parental CRC correlates with the growth rate of the tumoroids. The future perspective for such a 3D model could be in vitro investigations of the tumour‐associated inflammatory microenvironment as well as personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Progress in modeling of glass properties using topological constraint theory
Authors: Zheng Qiuju , Zeng Huidan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrediction of glass properties as a function of composition has been a long‐standing problem. Topological constraint theory has built the quantitative relationships between composition and macroscopic properties, which can be used to predict compositional dependence of glass properties. In this review, we will summarize the recent important progress for the development of the theory. The topological model for glass transition temperature has been proposed from temperature‐dependent constraint theory. We will also discuss the effect of water on topological constraint, how to account for mixed alkali effect and mixed alkaline earth effect, and the application of the model to new glass family besides inorganic glasses. Topological models for hardness and thermal expansion have also been developed. Topological models for predicting elasticity have been recently proposed. We also show some example on the application of the theory in designing new glasses and we suggest some future directions of the theory.
Functional diversification of three delta‐class glutathione S‐transferases involved in development and detoxification inTribolium castaneum
Authors: Song X. , Pei L. , Zhang Y. , Chen X. , Zhong Q. , Ji Y. , Tang J. , Feng F. , Li B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) are members of a multifunctional enzyme superfamily. Forty‐one GSTs have been identified inTribolium castaneum; however, none of the 41 GSTs has been functionally characterized. Here, three delta‐class GSTs,TcGSTd1,TcGSTd2andTcGSTd3, ofT. castaneumwere successfully cloned and expressed inEscherichia coli. All of the studied GSTs catalysed the conjugation of reduced glutathione with 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene. Insecticide treatment showed that the expression levels ofTcGSTd3andTcGSTd2were significantly increased after exposure to phoxim and lambda‐cyhalothrin, whereasTcGSTd1was slightly upregulated only in response to phoxim. A disc diffusion assay showed that overexpression of TcGSTD3, but not TcGSTD1 or TcGSTD2, inE. coliincreased resistance to paraquat‐induced oxidative stress. RNA interference knockdown ofTcGSTd1caused metamorphosis deficiencies and reduced fecundity by regulating insulin/target‐of‐rapamycin signalling pathway‐mediated ecdysteroid biosynthesis, and knockdown ofTcGSTd3led to reduced fertility and a decreased hatch rate of the offspring, probably caused by the reduced antioxidative activity in the reproductive organs. These results indicate thatTcGSTd3andTcGSTd2may play vital roles in cellular detoxification, whereasTcGSTd1may play essential roles in normal development ofT. castaneum. These delta‐class GSTs inT. castaneumhave obtained different functions during the evolution.
Membrane association of a model CD4+ T‐cell vaccine antigen confers enhanced yet incomplete protection against murid herpesvirus‐4 infection
Authors: Yunis Joseph , Redwood Alec J , Belz Gabrielle T , Stevenson Philip G 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVaccination against γ‐herpesviruses has proved difficult. CD4+ T cells are essential to contain infection, but how best to prime them and whether this can reduce viral loads remain unclear. To address these questions, we used ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, delivering it with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) to protect mice against OVA‐expressing murine herpesvirus‐4 (MuHV‐4). Membrane‐associated OVA (mOVA) was more effective than soluble OVA, both to prime CD4+ T cells and as an effector target. It was also a better target than an OVA epitope limited to infected cells, suggesting that protective CD4+ T cells recognize infected cell debris rather than infected cells themselves. While MCMV‐mOVA protected acutely against MuHV‐4‐mOVA, long‐term protection was incomplete, even when OVA‐specific CD8+ T cells and B cells were also primed. Thus, even optimized single‐target vaccines may poorly reduce long‐term γ‐herpesvirus infections.
How to choose online sales formats for competitive e‐tailers
Authors: Wei Jie , Lu Jinghui , Wang Yue 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCurrently, many e‐tailers can sell manufacturers' products on their online platforms through reselling or agency selling formats. However, how to choose the optimal online sales formats has puzzled competitive e‐tailers with different channel roles. This paper uses stylized theoretical models to study this problem by considering the combined effects of e‐tailers' channel roles, each e‐tailer's referral fees, and the difference in e‐tailers' market shares. Our results show that if two e‐tailers sell the common manufacturer's products on their online platforms, no matter what sales format one e‐tailer adopts, the other e‐tailer's best choice depends on the two e‐tailers' referral fees and the difference in the two e‐tailers' market shares, whereas the manufacturer's best action is always to let the other e‐tailer adopt agency selling format regardless of the two e‐tailers' referral fees and channel roles and the difference in the two e‐tailers' market shares. Moreover, if two e‐tailers sell the common manufacturer's products on their online platforms, it is most profitable for the manufacturer when both e‐tailers adopt agency selling format and charge equal referral fees to the manufacturer, and the same is true for the whole supply chain, which is independent of the two e‐tailers' channel roles and the difference in the two e‐tailers' market shares.
Influence of water activity on hydration of tricalcium aluminate‐calcium sulfate systems
Authors: Lapeyre Jonathan , Ma Hongyan , Okoronkwo Monday , Sant Gaurav , Kumar Aditya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe hydration of tricalcium silicate (C3S)—the major phase in cement—is effectively arrested when the activity of water (aH) decreases below the critical value of 0.70. While it is implicitly understood that the reduction in aH suppresses the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A: the most reactive phase in cement), the dependence of kinetics of C3A hydration on aH and the critical aH at which hydration of C3A is arrested are not known. This study employs isothermal microcalorimetry and complementary material characterization techniques to elucidate the influence of aH on the hydration of C3A in [C3A + calcium sulfate (C$) + water] pastes. Reductions in water activity are achieved by partially replacing the water in the pastes with isopropanol. The results show that with decreasing aH, the kinetics of all reactions associated with C3A (eg, with C$, resulting in ettringite formation; and with ettringite, resulting in monosulfoaluminate formation) are proportionately suppressed. When aH ≤0.45, the hydration of C3A and the precipitation of all resultant hydrates are arrested; even in liquid saturated systems. In addition to—and separate from—the experiments, a thermodynamic analysis also indicates that the hydration of C3A does not commence or advance when aH ≤0.45. On the basis of this critical aH, the solubility product of C3A (KC3A) was estimated as 10−20.65. The outcomes of this work articulate the dependency of C3A hydration and its kinetics on water activity, and establish—for the first time—significant thermodynamic parameters (ie, critical aH and KC3A) that are prerequisites for numerical modeling of C3A hydration.
A survey of telephone nurses’ experiences in their encounters with frequent callers
Authors: Skogevall Sofia , Holmström Inger K. , Kaminsky Elenor , Håkansson Eklund Jakob 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe telephone nurses’ experiences of their encounters with frequent callers to Swedish Healthcare Direct.DesignA descriptive inductive design with qualitative approach.MethodsData collection was performed during the period of September 2017 – June 2018. A total of 199 telephone nurses working at 10 Swedish Healthcare Direct sites with different geographical locations in Sweden answered a survey containing seven open‐ended questions. Data analysis was performed during the period of September 2018 – June 2019. The answers were analysed using content analysis.ResultsThe telephone nurses perceived that the encounters with frequent callers were sometimes frustrating as they felt unable to help. According to the telephone nurses, the frequent callers called about the same issues several times and the calls were often about loneliness and psychiatric problems. The telephone nurses were worried about missing something urgent; one of the aspects leading to this was the perception of knowing the caller. They expressed a wish to know more about frequent callers and strategies for helping them. A common care plan for frequent callers’ calls was suggested.ConclusionTelephone nurses often found it difficult to handle calls from frequent callers. However, they had a will to care for frequent callers and to learn more about them. Therefore, a common strategy, education and training for telephone nurses in answering calls from frequent callers could be beneficial for both callers and telephone nurses.Impact statementThis study offers insights to researchers, telephone nurses and managers of telephone nursing, regarding telephone nurses’ experiences in handling frequent caller calls. These findings can offer direction for the content of a possible intervention.
Phylogenetic diversity and environment form assembly rules for Arctic diatom genera—A study on recent and ancient sedimentary DNA
Authors: Stoof‐Leichsenring Kathleen R. , Pestryakova Luidmila A. , Epp Laura S. , Herzschuh Ulrike 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis study investigates taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in diatom genera to evaluate assembly rules for eukaryotic microbes across the Siberian tree line. We first analysed how phylogenetic distance relates to taxonomic richness and turnover. Second, we used relatedness indices to evaluate if environmental filtering or competition influences the assemblies in space and through time. Third, we used distance‐based ordination to test which environmental variables shape diatom turnover.LocationYakutia and Taymyria, Russia: we sampled 78 surface sediments and a sediment core, extending to 7,000 years before present, to capture the forest–tundra transition in space and time respectively.TaxonArctic freshwater diatoms.MethodsWe applied metabarcoding to retrieve diatom diversity from surface and core sedimentary DNA. The taxonomic assignment binned sequence types (lineages) into genera and created taxonomic (abundance of lineages within different genera) and phylogenetic datasets (phylogenetic distances of lineages within different genera).ResultsContrary to our expectations, we find a unimodal relationship between phylogenetic distance and richness in diatom genera. We discern a positive relationship between phylogenetic distance and taxonomic turnover in spatially and temporally distributed diatom genera. Furthermore, we reveal positive relatedness indices in diatom genera across the spatial environmental gradient and predominantly in time slices at a single location, with very few exceptions assuming effects of competition. Distance‐based ordination of taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover indicates that lake environment variables, like HCO3− and water depth, largely explain diatom turnover.Main conclusionPhylogenetic and abiotic assembly rules are important in understanding the regional assembly of diatom genera across lakes in the Siberian tree line ecotone. Using a space—time approach we are able to exclude the influence of geography and elucidate that lake environmental variables primarily shape the assemblies. We conclude that some diatom genera have greater capabilities to adapt to environmental changes, whereas others will be putatively replaced or lost due to the displacement of the Arctic tundra biome under recent global warming.
Programmed ventricular stimulation in patients with active vs previous arrhythmic myocarditis
Authors: Peretto Giovanni , Sala Simone , Basso Cristina , Della Bella Paolo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionNo studies so far addressed the role of invasive programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) in myocarditis patient's arrhythmic risk stratification.Methods and ResultsWe present a single‐center prospective study on 96 consecutive adult patients (44 ± 13 years, 70.1% males) with myocarditis and ventricular arrhythmias (VA) at index hospitalization. Depending on baseline endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and cardiac magnetic resonance, patients were divided into two groups: active (A) vs nonactive (NA) myocarditis. All of the patients underwent PVS at index hospitalization. Medical treatment and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation were clinically‐driven. Malignant VA episodes (MVA = ventricular tachycardias [VT], ventricular fibrillation [VF], appropriate ICD therapy) were evaluated at 54 ± 18 months follow‐up (FU). Patients who underwent VT ablation or with myocarditis recurrence (n = 9) were excluded. Of 87 patients, 41 (47.2%) were in group A. PVS was positive in 32 cases (36.8%), 16 A vs 16 NA (P = NS), with no associations with VA type at presentation. Before discharge, 55 patients (63.2%) underwent ICD implant. In FU, MVA occurred in 27 patients (31.0%), 13 A vs 14 NA (P = NS), 18 PVS+ vs 9 PVS‐ (P < .001). The association between PVS result and FU MVA was maximal in group NA (high rule‐out performance with negative predictive value = 90.0%, P < .001) and minimal in group A (low rule‐in performance with PPV = 43.8%, P = .302). In the whole population, three independent factors for major VA were identified: major arrhythmic onset by sustained VT or VF (HR 2.8, 95% CI, 1.0‐7.4, P = .042), presence of fibrosis at EMB (HR 5.8, 95% CI, 1.1‐30.0, P = .038), and PVS positivity (HR 4.2, 95% CI, 1.7‐10.7, P = .003).ConclusionIn myocarditis patients presenting with VA, PVS is associated with FU MVA in NA patients, but not in A ones. Overall, risk stratification of arrhythmic myocardits is still complex and multifactorial.
Reflectance confocal microscopy diagnostic accuracy for malignant melanoma in different clinical settings: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pezzini C. , Kaleci S. , Chester J. , Farnetani F. , Longo C. , Pellacani G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnostic accuracy of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) seems promising. However, clinical scenarios in which RCM is most useful are still to be established.ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of RCM for MM diagnosis according to study design, lesion type and diagnostic modality. Secondary outcomes include a comparison with dermoscopy.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Public Library Databases for English articles published prior to January 2019. Statistical analyses were conducted with Meta‐Disc v. 1.4, STATA 14.0 software and the QUADAS‐2 tool.ResultsA total of 32 studies (7352 lesions) were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity resulted 92% (95% CI: 0.91–0.93) and 70% (95% CI: 0.69–0.71), respectively. According to study design, diagnostic sensitivity was high for all study types, confirming a lower specificity for prospective interventional studies. Diagnostic accuracy remained high for all lesion types, with the highest specificity obtained for consecutive lesions of 77% (95% CI: 0.75–0.78) vs. 65% (95% CI: 0.63–0.66) for lesions highly suspicious for MM. RCM diagnostic accuracy was superior to dermoscopy, most notably in terms of specificity of 56% (95% CI: 0.52–0.60) vs. 38% (95% CI: 0.34–0.42), respectively. Studies were generally assessed across all domains as low or unclear risk of bias with a mainly low concern regarding applicability of evidence. Publication bias was asymmetrical (11.2 ± 4.0; 95% CI 2.97–19.43; P < 0.01).ConclusionsIndependent of study design, RCM has a high diagnostic power for MM detection, and unnecessary excisions are reduced compared to dermoscopy. This reduction is most evident in non‐decisional RCM scenarios and for lesions analysed at RCM consecutively compared to those selected highly suspicious for MM. However, the scarcity, heterogeneity and bias associated with the data in literature should be considered when interpreting present conclusions.
Sebocyte differentiation as a new target for acne therapy: an in vivo experience
Authors: Ottaviani M. , Flori E. , Mastrofrancesco A. , Briganti S. , Lora V. , Capitanio B. , Zouboulis C.C. , Picardo M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcne, a disease of the sebaceous gland with multifactorial pathogenesis, affects more than 85% of adolescents. A better deepening of the mechanisms underlying the disease is needed to define effective and mechanism‐targeted treatments.ObjectiveTo understand whether the sebocyte differentiation process could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.MethodsProtein expressions were evaluated by Western blot analysis and ELISA; mRNA levels by real‐time RT‐PCR, lipid analysis and lipid peroxidation were performed by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and spectrophotometric assay.ResultsIn vitro, low differentiated SZ95 sebocyte expressed an up‐modulation of genes involved in sebogenesis and a higher level of insulin receptor respect to differentiated cells, resulting in an increased response to insulin and in the production of acne‐like sebum. The induction of SZ95 sebocyte differentiation by the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulator NAC‐GED0507 reduced the response to insulin normalizing the sebum production and decreasing the release of proinflammatory mediators. In vivo treatment of acne patients with NAC‐GED0507 1% gel ameliorated clinical manifestations and induced in sebum the expression of PPARγ, associated with the decrease in mammalian target of rapamycin activation and levels of inflammatory molecules, confirming the results obtained in vitro.ConclusionsThe study provides relevant insight into acne pathogenesis, identifying an alteration of sebocyte differentiation as pathogenetic basis of the disease and the induction of the differentiation process as a therapeutic target in acne therapy interfering with all pathogenic mechanisms.
Three‐year clinical performance of monolithic and partially veneered zirconia ceramic fixed partial dentures
Authors: Habibi Yasamin , Dawid Marie‐Theres , Waldecker Moritz , Rammelsberg Peter , Bömicke Wolfgang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the 3‐year survival and success rates of monolithic (M) and partially veneered (PV) zirconia‐fixed partial dentures (FPDs).Materials and MethodsSixty‐seven FPDs (n = 33 M‐FPDs; n = 34 PV‐FPDs) were placed in 51 patients (n = 23 males; mean age 61.5 years) and clinically followed up 1 week, 6 months, and then yearly after placement. One hundred per cent (100%) of M‐FPDs and 70% of PV‐FPDs were located in the posterior region. Ninety‐two per cent (92%) of M‐FPDs had three units, whereas 50% of PV‐FPDs had more than three units. A facial veneer was present in 73% of the PV‐FPDs units. Survival and success were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test (α = .05).ResultsThe mean observation period was 3.5 years for M‐FPDs and 3.1 years for PV‐FPDs. Most complications associated with FPDs were biological in nature. Ceramic defects occurred exclusively among PV‐FPDs. Three‐year survival was 96.7% for M‐FPDs and 93.8% for PV‐FPDs (P = .064). Three‐year success was 93.8% for M‐FPDs and 81.7% for PV‐FPDs (P = .039).ConclusionsThe use of both M‐FPDs and PV‐FPDs yielded clinically successful results over a mean period of 3 years.Clinical SignificanceBy using monolithic or facially veneered zirconia, ceramic FPDs could be fabricated which showed only a minimum of technical complications over the period of investigation without sacrificing adequate esthetics.