bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound improves behavioral functions and alleviates neuroinflammation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yang Feng-Yi , Sung Chen-Yu , Chiang Pai-Kai , Tsai Che-Wen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a reduction of dopamine level in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum of the brain. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been demonstrated recently as a non-invasive neuromodulation tool in a number of fields. LIPUS has also been reported to improve behavioral functions in PD animal models; however, the effect of LIPUS stimulation on the neurotrophic factors and neuroinflammation has not yet been addressed.MethodsPD rat model was built by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in two sites in the right striatum. The levels of neurotrophic factors and lipocalin-2 (LCN2)-induced neuroinflammation were quantified using a western blot. Rotational test and cylinder test were conducted biweekly for eight weeks. The safety of LIPUS was assessed using Hematoxylin and Esosin (H&E) staining and Nissl staining.ResultsWhen the 6-OHDA+LIPUS and 6-OHDA groups were compared, the locomotor function of the 6-OHDA+LIPUS rats was significantly improved. After LIPUS stimulation, the number of neurons was remarkably increased in the striatum and SNpc of lesioned rats. Unilateral LIPUS stimulation did not increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the striatum and SNpc of lesioned rats. In contrast, unilateral LIPUS stimulation increased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein 1.98-fold unilaterally in the SNpc. Additionally, LCN2-induced neuroinflammation can be attenuated following LIPUS stimulation.ConclusionsOur data indicated that LIPUS stimulation increased GDNF and dopaminergic (DA) neuron density in the 6-OHDA-induced rat model of PD. Moreover, this technology attenuated proinflammatory mediators and reversed behavioral indicators of PD-associated motor dysfunction with no evidence of brain tissue injury. These results show that LIPUS stimulation may be a potential therapeutic tool against PD via enhancement of GDNF level and inhibition of inflammatory responses in the SNpc of the brain.
Sarcocystis Cristata sp. nov. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in The Imported Great Blue Turaco Corythaeola Cristata (Aves, Musophagidae) from Czech Republic
Authors: Máca Ondřej , González David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Species of Sarcocystis are parasitic protozoan in poikilothermic and homeothermic animals. Out of the 25 valid avian species, none has been reported in birds of the order Musophagiformes, as the great blue turaco Corythaeola cristata (Vieillot, 1816), which is an endemic bird inhabiting Central and Western Africa. The examination of great blue turacos imported from the Central Africa Republic to Czech Republic allowed the morphological and molecular characterization of a new species of Sarcocystis.Methods: Four turacos imported from the Central Africa Republic to private breeder (Czech Republic) were parasitologically examined through wet mounts of breast, heart and legs muscles for the presence of sarcocysts. Found parasites were molecular and histologically studied by 4 loci (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1 and cox1) and haematoxylin and eosin stain, respectively. Results: Three out of 4 examined birds (prevalence: 75%) harboured numerous sarcocysts in breast and leg muscles. No macroscopic lesions where observed. Sarcocysts were microscopic, elongate and ribbon-shaped with a wall characterised by the presence of finger-shaped villar protrusions. The new species is molecularly similar to S. albifronsi, S. anasi, S. atraii, S. chloropusae, S. lari and S. rileyi) in the four loci. Conclusions: This is the first species of Sarcocystis in a musophagiform bird around the world. Genetically, S. cristata sp. nov. represents a distinct species. Phylogenetic analyses are useful for predicting potential definitive hosts of the new Sarcocystis species.
Thermal Limits for Flight Activity of Field-collected Culicoides in the United Kingdom Defined Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Tugwell Laura A , England Marion E. , Gubbins Simon , Sanders Christopher J. , Stokes Jessica E. , Stoner Joanne , Graham Simon P. , Blackwell Alison , Darpel Karin E. , Carpenter Simon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCulicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are biological vectors of internationally important arboviruses and inflict biting nuisance on humans, companion animals and livestock. In temperate regions, transmission of arboviruses is limited by temperature thresholds, both in replication and dissemination of arboviruses within the vector and in the flight activity of adult Culicoides. This study aims to determine the cold-temperature thresholds for flight activity of Culicoides from the United Kingdom under laboratory conditions.MethodsOver 18,000 Culicoides adults were collected from the field using 4W down-draught miniature ultraviolet Centers for Disease Control traps. Populations of Culicoides were sampled at three different geographical locations within the United Kingdom during the summer months, and again in the autumn at one geographical location. Activity at constant temperatures was assessed using a bioassay that detected movement of adult Culicoides towards an ultraviolet light source over a 24-hour period.ResultsThe proportion of active adult Culicoides increased with temperature but cold temperature thresholds for activity varied significantly according to collection season and location. Populations dominated by the subgenus Avaritia collected in South East England had a lower activity threshold temperature in the autumn (4°C), when compared with populations collected in the summer (10°C). Within the subgenus Avaritia, Culicoides scoticus was significantly more active across all temperatures tested than Culicoides obsoletus within the experimental setup Populations of Culicoides impunctatus collected in the North East of England, were only active once temperatures reached 14°C. Preliminary data suggested flight activity of the subgenus Avaritia does not differ between populations in South East England and those in the Scottish Borders.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate seasonal changes in temperature thresholds for flight and across different populations of Culicoides. This data, alongside that defining thresholds for virus replication within Culicoides, provides a primary tool for risk assessment of arbovirus transmission in temperate regions. In addition, the study also provides a comparison with thermal limits derived directly from light-suction trapping data, which is currently used as the main method to define adult Culicoides activity during surveillance.
An Online Survey to Assess Parents’ Preferences for Learning About Child Health Research&nbsp;
Authors: Knisley Lisa , Le Anne , Scott Shannon D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Child health research is crucial to finding safe and effective treatments for children. However, child health research can be challenging in that it can require significant resources. Additionally, parents may need to make the decision to participate in a study during a stressful situation, such as an emergency department visit. Although innovative study design and methodology are being used to try and address these challenges, a key component of conducting more efficient, relevant and successful child health research is finding better ways to engage and involve parents in the research process from study conception to dissemination of results. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional, survey design to seek feedback from parents on 1) how they would like to learn about potential child health research studies that their child could participate in; 2) whether they would like to learn more about the research studies they are participating in; and 3) how they would like to receive information about studies they are participating in. Results: The survey findings demonstrate that parents are interested in hearing about opportunities to participate in child health research, particularly during visits to their general practitioner/pediatrician or walk-in clinics. Most parents would like to receive updates on the progress, results, and researchers involved in studies their child has participated in. Parents would also like to be provided with support to participate in research studies (i.e., travel or child care). Conclusion: This study is part of a larger initiative that is re-examining recruitment and retention methods to inform research teams in planning child health studies. In order to involve a wider range of parents and children in current and future studies, there must be strong engagement strategies in place, developed with parents, to effectively and respectively share research opportunities, progress and results, and demonstrate that their participation matters.
A Methodological Investigation of Healthy Tissue, Hepatocellular Carcinoma and other Lesions with Dynamic 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Geist Barbara Katharina , Xing Haiqun , Wang Jingnan , Shi Ximin , Zhao Haitao , Hacker Marcus , Sang Xinting , Huo Li , Li Xiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to establish a 68Ga-FAPI-04 kinetic model in hepatic lesions, to determine the potential role of kinetic parameters in the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-HCC lesions.Material and Methods: Time activity curves (TACs) were extracted from seven HCC lesions and five non-HCC lesions obtained from 68Ga-FAPI-04 dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scans of eight patients. Three kinetic models were applied to the TACs, using image derived hepatic artery and/or portal vein as input functions. For input functions and the lesions, the according voxel with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was taken, for the healthy tissue mean SUV values. The optimum model was chosen after applying the Schwartz information criteria to the TACs, differences in model parameters between HCC, non-HCC lesions, and healthy tissue were evaluated with the ANOVA test. Results: A reversible two-tissue compartment model using both the arterial as well as venous input function was most preferred and showed significant differences in the kinetic parameters VND, VT and BPND between HCC, non-HCC lesions and healthy regions (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Several Model parameters derived from a two-tissue compartment kinetic model with two image-derived input function from vein and aorta and using SUVmax allow a differentiation between HCC and non-HCC lesions, obtained from dynamically performed PET scans using FAPI.
Prognostic Significance of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Premenopausal, Luminal Breast Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Abubakar Mustapha , Yuan pei , Koka Hela , Guo Lei , Li Xin , Yang Xiaohong R. , Ying Jianming , Lyu Ning 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have strong prognostic values in triple-negative and HER2-enriched breast cancer, but their prognostic roles in luminal breast cancer (LBC) are less clear. Here, we assessed the overall TILs levels and CD8+ T-cells in relation to the prognosis of LBC patients from China.Methods A total of 596 patients with LBC who were premenopausal and treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy were included. Among them, 160 cases were evaluated for CD8 by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Whole-section hematoxilyn and eosin and IHC staining were visually assessed for stromal TILs (sTILs), stromal CD8+ T-cells (sCD8) and intratumoral CD8+ T-cells (iCD8). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model were used to test the associations between TILs and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) with the adjustment of clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment. ResultsHigh sTILs (≥10%) were associated with high histologic grade (p<0.001), luminal B/HER2- (p<0.001), luminal B/HER2+ subtype (p=0.002), and high Ki67 expression (≥25%; p=0.014). Similar associations were observed for sCD8 but not for iCD8. While sTILs and sCD8 were not associated with either DFS or OS, the presence of iCD8 (≥1%) was associated with better DFS in both univariate (HR=0.51, 95%CI 0.26-0.96, p=0.042) and multivariate (HR=0.48, 95%CI 0.25-0.92, p=0.027) analyses. Similar but less significant associations were found for iCD8 and OS (adjusted HR=0.35, 95%CI 0.11-1.10, p=0.073).Conclusions Among Chinese premenopausal patients with LBC, iCD8 demonstrated suggestive associations with favorable outcomes. In contrast, although sTILs and sCD8 were associated with more aggressive tumor features, they did not appear to be associated with clinical outcomes.
Identification of Candidate Biomarkers Related to Diagnosis and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer via Transcriptomic Profile Analysis
Authors: Li Qiang , Jiang Sheng , Feng Tienan , Zhu Tengteng , Qian Biyun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe detection rate of thyroid cancer (TC) has been continuously improved due to the development of detection technology. Compared with other cancers, the gene profile plays a more prominent role in the diagnosis and treatment of TC. MethodsFour datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to perform transcriptomic profile analysis. The overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by R package “limma” and “RobustRankAggreg”. Then the hub genes, which had a higher degree, were identified by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Gene expression analysis between the TC and normal data, the disease-free survival (DFS) analysis of TC patients from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, function analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to verify the importance of the hub genes.ResultsA total of 80 DEGs (34 upregulated and 46 downregulated) were identified. Then FN1, TIMP1, ITGA2, and KIT were considered hub genes, which had a high degree of connectivity in the PPI network. GEPIA identified that FN1, TIMP1, and ITGA2 were upregulated, and KIT was downregulated. Upregulations of FN1 expression (P=0.024) and ITGA2 expression (P=0.029) and downregulation of KIT expression (P=0.012) increased risks of decreased DFS for patients. IHC showed that the expression of FN1, TIMP1, and ITGA2 protein were upregulated, while the expression of KIT protein was downregulated in the TC clinical specimens. Besides, five hub genes were enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction.ConclusionsIn summary, these hub genes were potential biomarkers of diagnosis and prognosis of TC.
A New Rapid Diagnostic System with Ambient Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Kiritani Sho , Yoshimura Kentaro , Arita Junichi , Kokudo Takashi , Hakoda Hiroyuki , Tanimoto Meguri , Ishizawa Takeaki , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Takeda Sen , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Probe electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PESI-MS) can rapidly visualize mass spectra of small, surgically obtained tissue samples, and is a promising novel diagnostic tool when combined with machine learning which discriminates malignant spectrum patterns from others. The present study was performed to evaluate the utility of this device for rapid diagnosis of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).Methods: A prospectively planned study using retrospectively obtained tissues was performed. In total, 103 CRLM samples and 80 non-cancer liver tissues cut from surgically extracted specimens were analyzed using PESI-MS. Mass spectra obtained by PESI-MS were classified into cancer or non-cancer groups by using logistic regression, a kind of machine learning. Next, to identify the exact molecules responsible for the difference between CRLM and non-cancerous tissues, we performed liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS (LC-ESI-MS), which visualizes sample molecular composition in more detail.Results: This diagnostic system distinguished CRLM from non-cancer liver parenchyma with an accuracy rate of 99.5%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve reached 0.9999. LC-ESI-MS analysis showed higher ion intensities of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in CRLM than in non-cancer liver parenchyma (P<0.01, respectively). The proportion of phospholipids categorized as monounsaturated fatty acids was higher in CRLM (37.2%) than in non-cancer liver parenchyma (10.7%; P<0.01).Conclusion: The combination of PESI-MS and machine learning distinguished CRLM from non-cancer tissue with high accuracy. Phospholipids categorized as monounsaturated fatty acids contributed to the difference between CRLM and normal parenchyma and might also be a useful diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRLM.
Application of 3D Modeling and Fusion Technology of Medical Image Data in Image Teaching
Authors: Yuan Quan , Chen Xiaomei , Zhai Jian , Chen Yadi , Liu Qingxiang , Tan Zhongxiao , Chen Gao , Zhuang Kangle , xu xi , qiang di , shao xuefei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Backgroundwe combined anatomy with imaging, transformed the 2D information of various imaging techniques into 3D information, and form the assessment system of real medical imaging cases in order to make up for the deficiencies in the current teaching of the medical imaging technology students. MethodsA total of 460 medical imaging students were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The research group received the teaching of the fusion of the original CT and MR data 3D model and the original image combined with 3D anatomical image. Statistical analysis Academic self-efficacy scale and Self-directed learning ability scale was adopted by self-directed learning evaluation scale between two groups.ResultsCompare the theoretical scores and case analysis scores of the two groups. The scores of the study and control groups were significantly higher than those of the control group.Before the experiment, no significant difference was detected in the self-efficacy of learning ability and learning behavior between the two groups , while after the experiment, these differences between the two groups were statistically significan. Moreover, the learning ability self-efficacy and learning behavior of the two groups of students after the experiment was significantly higher than that before the experiment. The self-efficacy of the learning behavior of the control group was higher after the experiment than that before the experiment, albeit the difference was not statistically significant . ConclusionsThe modern, information-based and humanized experimental teaching mode will be constantly improved under the support of PACS system in order to optimize the medical imaging teaching activities for the development of modern medical education.
An Experimental Intraradicular Biofilm Model in the Pig for Evaluating Irrigation Techniques.
Authors: Tanaka Toshinori , Yahata Yoshio , Handa Keisuke , Venkataiah Suresh V. , Njuguna Mary M. , Kahehira Masafumi , Hasegawa Tatsuya , Noiri Yuichiro , Saito Masahiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: We established an in vivo intraradicular biofilm model of apical periodontitis in pigs in which we compared the efficacy of different irrigant activation techniques for biofilm removal.Methods: Twenty roots from the deciduous mandibular second premolar of 5 male pigs were used. After pulpectomy, canals were left open for 2 weeks and then sealed for 4 weeks to enable the development of an intracanal biofilm. The intraradicular biofilms was evaluated using SEM and bacterial 16S rRNA gene-sequencing. To investigate the efficacy of biofilm removal, root canal irrigations were performed using conventional needle, passive ultrasonic, subsonic, or laser-activated irrigation. Real-time PCR was conducted to quantitate the remaining biofilm components. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by a Tukey kramer post-hoc test with α=0.05.Results: The pulp exposure model was effective in inducing apical periodontitis and SEM analysis revealed a multi-layer biofilm formation inside the root canal. 16S rRNA sequence analysis identified Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria as the predominant bacterial phyla components, which is similar to the microbiome profile seen in humans. None of the tested irrigation techniques completely eradicated the biofilm components from the root canal, but the subsonic and laser-activated irrigation methods produced the lowest bacterial counts (p<0.05).Conclusions: An experimental intraradicular biofilm model has been successfully established in pigs. Within the limitations of the study, subsonic or laser-activated irrigation demonstrated the best biofilm removal results in the pig system.
Exosomes Derived From Heat Stroke Cases Carry miRNAs&nbsp;Associated With Inflammation and Coagulation Cascade
Authors: Li Yue , Wen Qiang , Chen Huaisheng , Wu Xinhui , Liu Bin , Li Hui , Su Lei , Tong Huasheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The pathological mechanism of HS is associated with the dysbalanced inflammation and coagulation cascade. The cells-derived circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a novel pathway mediating intercellular communication were evidenced to be associated with immune response and inflammation in critical inflammatory syndromes such as sepsis. Despite previous studies demonstrating that these vesicles contain genetic material related to their biological function, their molecular cargo during heat stroke is relatively unknown. In this study, we evaluated the presence of microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) related to inflammatory response and coagulation cascade in exosomes of patients with heat stroke. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 3 patients with heat stroke at ICU admission. Three healthy volunteers were used as control subjects. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation, their miRNA content was profiled by next generation sequencing and mRNA content was evaluated by qRT-PCR array. Results: As compared with healthy volunteers, exosomes from patients with heat stroke had significant changes in 202 exosomal miRNAs (154 miRNAs upregulated and 48 downregulated). The most upregulated miRNAs included miR-511-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-155-3p, miR-1290 and let7-5p whileas the most downregulated ones included miR-150-3p, 146a-5p and 151a-3p. The GO enrichment by the miRNAs of patients with heat stroke compared with control subjects were related mostly to inflammatory response including T cell activation, B cell receptor signaling, DC chemotaxis and leukocyte migration, and platelet activation and blood coagulation. KEGG pathway analysis determined those identified miRNAs were mainly enriched to the signal transduction pathways namely, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway, Platelet activation, and Leukocyte transendothelial migration. These pathways were mainly related to inflammation and hemostasis. Multiple targeted mRNAs associated with the inflammatory response, blood coagulation and platelet activation were further verified in serum exosomes.Conclusions: Exosomes from patients with heat stroke convey miRNAs and mRNAs related to pathogenic pathways, including inflammatory response and coagulation cascade. Exosomes may represent a novel mechanism for intercellular communication during heat stroke.