bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Posture on Free Calcium and Related Variables
Authors: Renoe Brian W , McDonald Jay M , Ladenson Jack H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Vol. 25
p 1766: Second paragraph, line four, the reference numbers cited should be (5-11); numbers of all subsequent citations above 10 in text should be increased by one, to correspond with the list of references.
p 1828: In Figure 2, the label on the ordinate is not clear. It reads “counts/10 s × 10−3.”
p 1930: Under “Determination of Concentrations in Human Plasma,” the injection of dihydroergotamine should be 0.5 mL of a 1 g/L solution.
p 1931: Nine to 12 determinations of binding in the absence of nonradioactive standard were also used to construct the standard curves.
p 1932: In the paragraph preceding Results and in the caption to Figure 3, the amount of compound 2 is 0.5 mg, not 1 mg.
p 2020: In the preparation of phosphate buffer, the second sentence should read: “Dissolve 2.84 g of sodium diphosphate in 100 mL of de-ionized water (solution 2).”
p 2021: In the section on extraction of serum under Procedures, the 10 µL of internal standard and 200 µL of sample should be added to 200 µL of phosphate buffer.
Vol. 26
p99: In the caption for Figure 3A, read “r = 0.99,” not “r = 0.09.”
p. 176: The sample volume referred to in the fourth paragraph of column three should be 0.15 µL, not “150 mL.”
p 193: Add to reference list:
8. Goutte-Coussieu, C., Habrioux, G., Eichenberger, D., and Jayle, M. F., Rapid fluorometry of estrogens in nonpregnancy urine, with use of chloroform extraction and purification by anion-exchange chromatography. Clin. Chem. 25, 230 (1979).
9. Jarrige, P., Purification et propriétés des sulfatases du suc d’Helix pomatia. Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol. (Paris) 7-8,761 (1963).
10. Ittrich, G., Untersuchungen über Extraktion des roten Kober-Farbstoffs durch organische Lösungsmittel zur Ostrogenbestimmung im Harn. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenhagen) 35, 34 (1960).
11. Adessi, G., Lallier, J. C., Goutte-Coussieu, C., and Jayle, M. F., Méthode de dosage automatique par spectrofluorimétrie des estrogénes urinaires au cours et en dehors de la grossesse. Ann. Biol. Clin. 37, 89 (1979).
12. Schöller, R., Contrôle de Qualité en Hormonologie. I.-Stéroides Urinaires. Editions Sepe, Paris-Fresnes, 1976, p 51.
p. 354: In Table 1, last line, columns 2 and 4, substitute “0.12” for “0.16.”
Spectrophotometric determination of urinary oxalate with oxalate oxidase prepared from moss.
Authors: Laker M F , Hofmann A F , Meeuse B J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A novel spectrophotometric enzymic procedure for estimating oxalic acid in urine is described. Oxalate oxidase, prepared from moss species, converts oxalic acid to hydrogen peroxide and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen peroxide is determined enzymatically with horseradish peroxidase, by oxidative coupling of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone with N,N-dimethylaniline; the resulting indamine due is determined spectrophotometrically at 595 nm. Interfering substances are removed by adsorption to ion-exchange resins and oxidation with charcoal, thus avoiding oxalate recovery problems accompanying oxalate isolation. The procedure is rapid, sensitive, linear, and precise. Results agreed well with those obtained with a widely used chemical technique.
Predicting recurrent atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation: a systematic review of prognostic models
Authors: Dretzke Janine , Chuchu Naomi , Agarwal Ridhi , Herd Clare , Chua Winnie , Fabritz Larissa , Bayliss Susan , Kotecha Dipak , Deeks Jonathan J , Kirchhof Paulus , Takwoingi Yemisi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
We assessed the performance of modelsf (risk scores) for predicting recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients who have undergone catheter ablation.

Methods and results
Systematic searches of bibliographic databases were conducted (November 2018). Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported the development, validation, or impact assessment of a model for predicting AF recurrence after ablation. Model performance (discrimination and calibration) measures were extracted. The Prediction Study Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess risk of bias. Meta-analysis was not feasible due to clinical and methodological differences between studies, but c-statistics were presented in forest plots. Thirty-three studies developing or validating 13 models were included; eight studies compared two or more models. Common model variables were left atrial parameters, type of AF, and age. Model discriminatory ability was highly variable and no model had consistently poor or good performance. Most studies did not assess model calibration. The main risk of bias concern was the lack of internal validation which may have resulted in overly optimistic and/or biased model performance estimates. No model impact studies were identified.

Conclusion
Our systematic review suggests that clinical risk prediction of AF after ablation has potential, but there remains a need for robust evaluation of risk factors and development of risk scores.
Authorship and citation gender trends in immunology and microbiology
Authors: Thelwall Mike A 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Immunology and microbiology research are essential for human and animal health. Unlike many other health fields, they do not usually centre around the curing or helping individual patients but focus on the microscopic scale instead. These fields are interesting from a gender perspective because two theories seeking to explain gender differences in career choices in the USA (people/things and communal/agentic goals) might produce conflicting expectations about their gender balances. This article assesses the gender shares of journal articles and gendered citation rates of five subfields of the Scopus Immunology and Microbiology broad category 1996–2014/18, for research with solely US author affiliations. Only Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (38% female) had not reached gender parity in publishing by 2018. There was a female first author citation advantage in Parasitology but a disadvantage in Immunology. Immunology, Parasitology and Virology, had female last author citation disadvantages, but all gender effects were much smaller (&lt;5%) than that of an extra author (10%-56%). Citation differences cannot therefore account for the current underrepresentation of women in senior roles.
Zombie Catholicism Meets Zombie Islam: Reading Michel Houellebecq's Soumission with Emmanuel Todd
Authors: McQueen Fraser 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Following the publication of Michel Houellebecq’s novel Soumission (2015), which depicts the French public electing an Islamist government in 2022, some critics accused Houellebecq of Islamophobia; others defended his novel as primarily an attack on the French intellectual class rather than Islam or Muslims. Reading Houellebecq’s novel alongside the work of French historian and anthropologist Emmanuel Todd, this article suggests that Soumission attacks all three. Furthermore, Houellebecq’s depiction of France being ‘Islamized’ does not represent a break from his earlier insistence that religion is becoming obsolete; the Islam of Soumission is devoid of the positive values that Houellebecq associates with religion elsewhere. In the novel, religion has died, as Houllebecq previously claimed it would, with Islam portrayed as a political system compatible with contemporary materialism. The apparent nostalgia for Catholicism in Soumission and elsewhere in Houellebecq’s oeuvre does not express Houellebecq’s desire to convert to Catholicism but his wish for a strong Catholic church to provide an opponent for French anti-clericalism; he portrays Islam as an unsatisfactory alternative.
The N-glycans of Chlorella sorokiniana and a related strain contain arabinose but have strikingly different structures
Authors: Mócsai Réka , Blaukopf Markus , Svehla Elisabeth , Kosma Paul , Altmann Friedrich 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The many emerging applications of microalgae such as Chlorella also instigate interest in their ability to conduct protein modifications such as N-glycosylation. Chlorella vulgaris has recently been shown to equip its proteins with highly O-methylated oligomannosidic N-glycans. Two other frequently occurring species names are Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella pyrenoidosa—even though the latter is taxonomically ill defined. We analyzed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy the N-glycans of type culture collection strains of C. sorokiniana and of a commercial product labeled C. pyrenoidosa. Both samples contained arabinose, which has hitherto not been found in N-glycans. Apart from this only commonality, the structures differed fundamentally from each other and from that of N-glycans of land plants. Despite these differences, the two algae lines exhibited considerable homology in their ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences. These drastic differences of N-glycan structures between species belonging to the very same genus provoke questions as to the biological function on a unicellular organism.
Impact of a Plan of Care Protocol on Patient Outcomes in People Who Inject Drugs With Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Cooksey Grace E , Epps Jerry L , Moye Robert A , Patel Nimish , Shorman Mahmoud A , Veve Michael P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk of deleterious sequelae due to infective endocarditis (IE). A standardized, hospital-wide drug use–associated infection protocol targeting medication safety, pain management, and limiting external risk factors was implemented at an academic medical center to improve outcomes in PWID with IE.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study included patients with active injection drug use and definite IE from January 2013 to July 2017 (preintervention group) and from September 2017 to January 2019 (intervention group). The primary outcome of interest was the 90-day all-cause readmission rate. Secondary outcomes included infection-related readmission rates, in-hospital and all-cause mortality rates, and the frequency of patients leaving against medical advice.

Results
A total of 168 patients were included, in the 100 preintervention and 68 in the intervention group. Patients in the intervention group had reduced odds of 90-day all-cause readmission (adjusted odds ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.08–0.6) after adjustment for confounding variables. The 12-month all-cause mortality rate was also significantly reduced in the intervention group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, .07–.89). The intervention group had a higher proportion of patients leaving against medical advice (6% for the preintervention group vs 35% for the intervention group, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
A drug use–associated infection protocol demonstrated reduced 90-day all-cause readmission and 12-month all-cause mortality rates in PWID with IE. This study highlights the importance of standardized care processes for improving care in this specialized patient population.
Using Safety-II and resilient healthcare principles to learn from Never Events
Authors: Anderson Janet E , Watt Alison J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesConduct a secondary analysis of root cause analysis (RCA) reports of Never Events to determine whether and how Safety-II/resilient healthcare principles could contribute to improving the quality of investigation reports and therefore preventing future Never Events.DesignQualitative and quantitative retrospective analysis of RCA reports.SettingA large acute healthcare Trust in London.ParticipantsNone.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measureQuality of RCA reports, robustness of actions proposed.ResultsRCA reports had low-to-moderate effectiveness ratings and low resilience ratings. Reports identified many system vulnerabilities that were not addressed in the actions proposed. Using a Safety-II/resilient healthcare lens to examine work-as-done and misalignments between demand and capacity would strengthen analysis of Never Events.ConclusionSafety-II/Resilient Healthcare concepts can increase the quality of RCA reports and focus attention on prospectively strengthening systems. Recommendations for incorporating Safety-II concepts into RCA processes are provided.
Repeat Molecular Testing for Respiratory Pathogens: Diagnostic Gain or Diminishing Returns?
Authors: Qavi Abraham J , McMullen Allison , Burnham Carey-Ann D , Anderson Neil W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Upper respiratory tract infections are common, and the ability to accurately and rapidly diagnose the causative pathogen has important implications for patient management.

Methods
We evaluated the test-ordering practices for 2 commonly utilized nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for the detection of respiratory pathogens: the Xpert Flu Assay for influenza A/B (Flu assay) and the Biofire FilmArray respiratory panel assay (RP assay), which detects 20 different targets. Our study examined repeat testing; that is, testing within 7 days from an initial test.

Results
Our study found that repeat testing is common for each of the individual assays: 3.0% of all Flu assays and 10.0% of all RP assays were repeat testing. Of repeat testing, 8/293 (2.7%) of repeat Flu assays and 75/1257 (6.0%) of RP assays resulted diagnostic gains, i.e., new detections. However, for the RP assay, these new detections were not always clinically actionable. The most frequently discrepant organisms were rhinovirus/enterovirus (28/102, 27.5%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (12/102, 11.8%) and coronavirus OC43 (11/102, 10.8%). Furthermore, there were 3,336 instances in which a patient was tested using both a Flu assay and RP assay, of which only 44 (1.3%) had discrepant influenza results.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest opportunities exist to better guide ordering practices for respiratory pathogen testing, including limiting repeat testing, with the goal of optimization of clinical yield, and diagnostic stewardship.
Relative Tolerance of Three Morphotypes of the Anastrepha fraterculus Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Cold Phytosanitary Treatment
Authors: Dias Vanessa S , Hallman Guy J , Cardoso Amanda A S , Hurtado Nick V , Rivera Camilo , Maxwell Florence , Cáceres-Barrios Carlos E , Vreysen Marc J B , Myers Scott W 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) complex is currently comprised of at least eight morphotypes, including several that are likely to be described as new species. It is critical to evaluate whether the morphotypes differ in tolerance to phytosanitary treatments. Temperatures from 0 to 3°C are used as a phytosanitary treatment for some commodities exported from the region and at risk of infestation by the A. fraterculus complex. Description of A. fraterculus morphotypes as new species could result in the annulation of phytosanitary treatment schedules for the new species. This study compared the relative cold tolerance of five populations from three morphotypes of the A. fraterculus complex: Andean, Peruvian, and Brazilian-1. Both a laboratory and wild strain of the Brazilian-1 morphotype were studied. Differences in mortality of third instars of the five A. fraterculus populations reared on nectarines were observed only with short treatment durations at temperatures ranging from 1.38 ± 0.04°C to 1.51 ± 0.08°C (mean ± SEM). Estimated times to achieve the LT99.99682 (probit 9) showed that Brazilian-1 wild, Brazilian-1 laboratory, and Cusco population were the most cold tolerant, followed by Andean and Peruvian, the least cold tolerant morphotype (i.e., Brazilian-1 wild = Brazilian-1 laboratory = Cusco population &gt; Andean &gt; Peruvian). These findings suggest that the current cold treatment schedules of 15 d at ≤ 1.11°C and 17 d at ≤ 1.67°C can be applied as cold treatments to any potential new species that may arise from the A. fraterculus complex.
Genomic Footprints of Recovery in the European Bison
Authors: Druet Tom , Oleński Kamil , Flori Laurence , Bertrand Amandine R , Olech Wanda , Tokarska Malgorzata , Kaminski Stanislaw , Gautier Mathieu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
After extinction in the wild in the beginning of the 20th century, the European bison has been successfully recovered in 2 distinct genetic lines from only 12 and 7 captive founders. We here aimed at characterizing the levels of realized inbreeding in these 2 restored lines to provide empirical insights into the genomic footprints left by population recovery from a small number of founders. To that end, we genotyped 183 European bison born over the last 40 years with the Illumina BovineHD beadchip that contained 22 602 informative autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms after data filtering. We then identified homozygous-by-descent (HBD) segments and classified them into different age-related classes relying on a model-based approach. As expected, we observed that the strong and recent founder effect experienced by the 2 lines resulted in very high levels of recent inbreeding and in the presence of long HBD tracks (up to 120 Mb). These long HBD tracks were associated with ancestors living approximately from 4 to 32 generations in the past, suggesting that inbreeding accumulated over multiple generations after the bottleneck. The contribution to inbreeding of the most recent groups of ancestors was however found to be decreasing in both lines. In addition, comparison of Lowland individuals born at different time periods showed that the levels of inbreeding tended to stabilize, HBD segments being shorter in animals born more recently which indicates efficient control of inbreeding. Monitoring HBD segment lengths over generations may thus be viewed as a valuable genomic diagnostic tool for populations in conservation or recovery programs.
Positivity and Negativity Dominance in Citizen Assessments of Intergovernmental Sustainability Performance
Authors: Deslatte Aaron 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how the public assesses the performance of complex, intergovernmental efforts such as sustainability is critical for understanding both managerial decision-making and institutional design. Drawing from the performance and federalism literature, this study investigates the role that distinctive elements of negativity bias play in citizen assessments of intergovernmental performance. In three survey experiments, this study exploits a well-known intergovernmental initiative to explore the effects of episodic performance information on citizen support for varying sustainability-related activities. Two inter-related research questions are addressed. First, does the positive or negative valence of citizen performance assessments vary with the type and scope of activity? Second, does positive or negative performance information tend to dominate in more realistic scenarios in which both types of stimuli interact? The results advance theoretical understanding of public performance with evidence that the type of activity can influence citizen assessments both positively and negatively. Additionally, partisan cues can overwhelm otherwise positive views of performance in some contexts, a concept described in the psychology literature as negativity dominance. The findings add important insights by showing that biased reasoning of citizens is not just a blanket affective association with constant treatment effects across any type of governmental effort, but is contingent on both the activity and political context.
The ‘refugee crisis’ in Europe: Shortening Distances, Containment and Asymmetry of Rights—a Tentative Interpretation of the 2015–16 Events
Authors: Piguet Etienne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the recent growth in asylum applications both in and at the borders of Europe. It enriches the scholarship on the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ with an emphasis on structural transformations and geographical processes. While an increase in regional violence near Europe in 2015 played a key role in triggering displacements, we suggest three longer-term factors that may have facilitated access to European borders but led to urgent and often dangerous migratory situations for asylum seekers: the ‘shortening’ of distances, the crisis of containment policies and the geographic asymmetry of rights. On this basis, we interpret the EU policy of closing borders as an attempt to (re)create a geographic buffer separating refugees from their destinations in the context of the globalization of asylum-related issues.
The Etymology of Lwāt: A Tale of Two Prepositions
Authors: Pat-El Na'ama 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Aramaic preposition lwāt has two distinct meanings: kinetic (‘towards’) and stative (‘with’). In this paper, I discuss the origin and etymology of this preposition, previous attempts to account for its form and other examples of similar polysemy in Semitic. I suggest that it is a derivation from two separate roots that have fallen together in Northwest Semitic: √lwy1 ‘to be with, accompany’ and √lwy2 ‘to encircle’.
The intersection of nitrogen nutrition and water use in plants: new paths toward improved crop productivity
Authors: Plett Darren C , Ranathunge Kosala , Melino Vanessa J , Kuya Noriyuki , Uga Yusaku , Kronzucker Herbert J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Water and nitrogen availability limit crop productivity globally more than most other environmental factors. Plant availability of macronutrients such as nitrate is, to a large extent, regulated by the amount of water available in the soil, and, during drought episodes, crops can become simultaneously water and nitrogen limited. In this review, we explore the intricate relationship between water and nitrogen transport in plants, from transpiration-driven mass flow in the soil to uptake by roots via membrane transporters and channels and transport to aerial organs. We discuss the roles of root architecture and of suberized hydrophobic root barriers governing apoplastic water and nitrogen movement into the vascular system. We also highlight the need to identify the signalling cascades regulating water and nitrogen transport, as well as the need for targeted physiological analyses of plant traits influencing water and nitrogen uptake. We further advocate for incorporation of new phenotyping technologies, breeding strategies, and agronomic practices to improve crop yield in water- and nitrogen-limited production systems.
Machine learning for determining accurate outcomes in criminal trials
Authors: Mitchell Jane , Mitchell Simon , Mitchell Cliff 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Advances in mathematical and computational technologies have brought unique and ground-breaking benefits to diverse fields throughout society (engineering, medicine, economics, etc.). Within legal systems, however, the potential applications of data science and innovative mathematical tools have yet to be embraced with the same ambition. The complex decision-making that is needed for reaching just verdicts is often seen as out of reach for such approaches and, in the case of criminal trials, this inhibits exploration into whether machine learning could have a positive impact. Here, through assigning numerical scores to prosecution and defence evidence, and employing an approach based on dimensionality reduction, we showed that evidence strands presented at historical murder trials could be used to train effective machine-learning algorithms (or models). We tested the evidence quantification approach with the trained model and showed that, through machine learning, criminal cases could be clearly classified (probability &gt;99.9%) as belonging to either a guilty or a not-guilty category. The classification was found to be as expected for all test cases. All guilty test cases that were not wrongful convictions were correctly assigned to the guilty category by our model and, crucially, test cases that were wrongful convictions were correctly assigned to the not-guilty category. This work demonstrated the potential for machine learning to benefit criminal trial decision-making, and should motivate further testing and development of the model and datasets for assisting the judicial process.