bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autocalibrated cardiac tissue phase mapping with multiband imaging and k‐t acceleration
Authors: Ferrazzi Giulio , Bassenge Jean Pierre , Mayer Johannes , Ruh Alexander , Roujol Sébastien , Ittermann Bernd , Schaeffter Tobias , Cordero‐Grande Lucilio , Schmitter Sebastian 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo develop an autocalibrated multiband (MB) CAIPIRINHA acquisition scheme with in‐plane k‐t acceleration enabling multislice three‐directional tissue phase mapping in one breath‐hold.MethodsA k‐t undersampling scheme was integrated into a time‐resolved electrocardiographic‐triggered autocalibrated MB gradient‐echo sequence. The sequence was used to acquire data on 4 healthy volunteers with MB factors of two (MB2) and three (MB3), which were reconstructed using a joint reconstruction algorithm that tackles both k‐t and MB acceleration. Forward simulations of the imaging process were used to tune the reconstruction model hyperparameters. Direct comparisons between MB and single‐band tissue phase‐mapping measurements were performed.ResultsSimulations showed that the velocities could be accurately reproduced with MB2 k‐t (average ± twice the SD of the RMS error of 0.08 ± 0.22 cm/s and velocity peak reduction of 1.03% ± 6.47% compared with fully sampled velocities), whereas acceptable results were obtained with MB3 k‐t (RMS error of 0.13 ± 0.58 cm/s and peak reduction of 2.21% ± 13.45%). When applied to tissue phase‐mapping data, the proposed technique allowed three‐directional velocity encoding to be simultaneously acquired at two/three slices in a single breath‐hold of 18 heartbeats. No statistically significant differences were detected between MB2/MB3 k‐t and single‐band k‐t motion traces averaged over the myocardium. Regional differences were found, however, when using the American Heart Association model for segmentation.ConclusionAn autocalibrated MB k‐t acquisition/reconstruction framework is presented that allows three‐directional velocity encoding of the myocardial velocities at multiple slices in one breath‐hold.
T2 relaxation‐time mapping in healthy and diseased skeletal muscle using extended phase graph algorithms
Authors: Keene Kevin R. , Beenakker Jan‐Willem M. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Naarding Karin J. , Niks Erik H. , Otto Louise A. M. , van der Pol W. Ludo , Tannemaat Martijn R. , Kan Hermien E. , Froeling Martijn 
Published: April 2020

PurposeMulti‐echo spin‐echo (MSE) transverse relaxometry mapping using multi‐component models is used to study disease activity in neuromuscular disease by assessing the T2 of the myocytic component (T2water). Current extended phase graph algorithms are not optimized for fat fractions above 50% and the effects of inaccuracies in the T2fat calibration remain unexplored. Hence, we aimed to improve the performance of extended phase graph fitting methods over a large range of fat fractions, by including the slice‐selection flip angle profile, a through‐plane chemical‐shift displacement correction, and optimized calibration of T2fat.MethodsSimulation experiments were used to study the influence of the slice flip‐angle profile with chemical‐shift and T2fat estimations. Next, in vivo data from four neuromuscular disease cohorts were studied for different T2fat calibration methods and T2water estimations.ResultsExcluding slice flip‐angle profiles or chemical‐shift displacement resulted in a bias in T2water up to 10 ms. Furthermore, a wrongly calibrated T2fat caused a bias of up to 4 ms in T2water. For the in vivo data, one‐component calibration led to a lower T2fat compared with a two‐component method, and T2water decreased with increasing fat fractions.ConclusionIn vivo data showed a decline in T2water for increasing fat fractions, which has important implications for clinical studies, especially in multicenter settings. We recommend using an extended phase graph–based model for fitting T2water from MSE sequences with two‐component T2fat calibration. Moreover, we recommend including the slice flip‐angle profile in the model with correction for through‐plane chemical‐shift displacements.
Label‐free histomorphometry of peripheral nerve by stimulated Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Coto Hernández Iván , Yang Wenlong , Mohan Suresh , Jowett Nate 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundConventional processing of nerve for histomorphometry is resource‐intensive, precluding use in intraoperative assessment of nerve quality during nerve transfer procedures. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a label‐free technique that enables rapid and high‐resolution histology.MethodsSegments of healthy murine sciatic nerve, healthy human obturator nerve, and human cross‐facial nerve autografts were imaged on a custom SRS microscope. Myelinated axon quantification was performed through segmentation using a random forest machine learning algorithm in commercial software.ResultsHigh contrast, high‐resolution imaging of nerve morphology was obtained with SRS imaging. Automated myelinated axon quantification from cross‐sections of healthy human nerve imaged using SRS was achieved.ConclusionsHerein, we demonstrate the use of a label‐free technique for rapid imaging of murine and human peripheral nerve cryosections. We illustrate the potential of this technique to inform intraoperative decision‐making through rapid automated quantification of myelinated axons using a machine learning algorithm.
Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Insurance Coverage Rates Among Adult Populations with Low Income and by Obesity Status
Authors: Rajbhandari‐Thapa Janani , Zhang Donglan , MacLeod Kara E. , Thapa Kiran 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThis study examines insurance coverage rates among working‐age adults with low income and with or without obesity before and after Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act.MethodsIndividual‐level data on noninstitutionalized and nonpregnant adult participants aged 18 to 64 years with household income below $15,000 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2006‐2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used. A difference‐in‐differences design with logistic regression was used to examine the likelihood of insurance coverage before and after Medicaid expansion.ResultsWorking‐age adults (analytic sample N = 316,151) who were white, female, less educated, unemployed, and living in a Medicaid‐expansion state were more likely to have insurance coverage. The insurance coverage rate in Medicaid‐expanded states in years after expansion increased for both subgroups with and without obesity. However, the increase was slightly lower for the subpopulation with obesity (5.59%, 95% CI: 2.35%‐8.83%) compared with the subpopulation without obesity (7.35%, 95% CI: 5.35%‐9.34%).ConclusionsIncreased attention should be paid to reduce insurance coverage barriers for working‐age adults with low income and obesity to address potential health disparities caused by lack of access to care. This is important, as access to care provides opportunities to increase prevention and treatment‐oriented services to address obesity and associated health care costs.
FDXR regulates TP73 tumor suppressor via IRP2 to modulate aging and tumor suppression
Authors: Zhang Jin , Kong Xiangmudong , Zhang Yanhong , Sun Wenqiang , Wang Jian , Chen Mingyi , Chen Xinbin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFerredoxin reductase (FDXR) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein that initiates electron transport from NADPH to several cytochromes P450 via two electron carriers, ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) and FDX2. FDXR is the sole ferredoxin reductase in humans and plays a critical role in steroidogenesis and biosynthesis of heme and iron–sulfur clusters. However, much less is known about the role of FDXR in cancer. Here, we show that FDXR plays a role in tumorigenesis by modulating expression of the tumor suppressor p73. By using genetically modified mouse models, we recently showed that mice deficient in either Fdxr or Trp73 had a shorter lifespan and were prone to spontaneous tumors as compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. Interestingly, compound Trp73
+/−;Fdxr
+/− mice lived longer and developed fewer tumors when compared with Fdxr
+/− or Trp73
+/− mice. Moreover, we found that cellular senescence was increased in Trp73
+/− and Fdxr
+/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which was further increased in Trp73
+/−;Fdxr
+/− MEFs, as compared with that in WT MEFs. As FDXR is regulated by p73, we examined whether there was a feedback regulation between p73 and FDXR. Indeed, we found that Trp73 expression was decreased by loss of Fdxr in MEFs and that FDXR is required for p73 expression in multiple human cancer cell lines independent of p53. Mechanistically, we found that loss of FDXR, via FDX2, increased expression of iron‐binding protein 2 (IRP2), which subsequently repressed TP73 mRNA stability. We also showed that TP73 transcript contained an iron response element in its 3′UTR, which was required for IRP2 to destabilize TP73 mRNA. Together, these data reveal a novel regulation of p73 by FDXR via IRP2 and that the FDXR–p73 axis plays a critical role in aging and tumor suppression. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes specialist nurse point‐of‐care review service: improving clinical outcomes for people with diabetes on emergency wards
Authors: Knee Madeleine , Hussain Zeeshan , Alkharaiji Mohammed , Sugunendran Suma , Idris Iskandar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is well established that inpatients with diabetes are associated with poorer clinical outcomes. We therefore investigated the effects of introducing a point‐of‐care (POC) ward‐based glucose and ketones assessment to trigger a diabetes inpatient specialist nurse (DISN) proactive review to the ward, on the length of stay (LOS), 30‐day readmission rate and 30‐day mortality rate.Data were extracted for patients admitted to The Royal Derby Hospital during two six‐month periods in 2017 (pre‐intervention) and 2018 (post‐intervention). Data from four acute wards were used in the analysis, including two high dependency units (HDUs), an intensive care unit (ICU) and a medical admissions unit. The following clinical outcome measures were compared between the two groups: average LOS, 30‐day readmission rate and 30‐day mortality rate. Subgroup analysis was also performed to investigate the clinical outcomes for insulin‐treated patients.In total, 979 patient admissions were included in the study (n=443 in the 2017 pre‐intervention; n=536 in the 2018 post‐intervention). Thirty‐day readmission rates decreased significantly after the introduction of the POC‐DISN proactive review (29.3% to 20.1%, p=0.001). However, 30‐day mortality rates and the average LOS did not significantly decrease. Subgroup analysis showed that 30‐day readmission rates among the three wards (ICU and two HDUs) reduced further for patients using insulin (26.8% to 16.4%, p<0.05) compared to those not using insulin (26.6% to 22.2%, p<0.05).In conclusion, POC‐DISN intervention was effective in reducing 30‐day readmission rates for inpatients with diabetes. There was no significant impact on the 30‐day mortality rate or average LOS. Patients using insulin as part of their diabetes management were more likely to benefit from this intervention. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons.
Using survival modelling as a composite measure of outcome to demonstrate insulin pump therapy effectiveness in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Yamanouchi Liana , Leong Wen Bun , Lloyd Joanne , Smith Angela , Davies Peter , Basu Ansu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is a time‐series measure subject to variability; quantifying the difference between the first and last readings over a defined period may have little value in measuring success in service evaluation models. Identifying a composite measure for outcome would be an invaluable tool for service providers. We demonstrate the efficacy of survival modelling as a composite measure of outcome.This was a retrospective observational cohort analysis of patients with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy. From these data, a service evaluation project was undertaken. Survival (time‐to‐event) analysis was undertaken for two HbA1c values – 58 and 64mmol/mol (7.5% and 8.0%); analyses were based on time taken to reach the index HbA1c value (58 or 64mmol/mol) for the first time from start of pump therapy.A total of 113 patients were treated with the insulin pump. The median time to reach an HbA1c of 58 and 64mmol/mol was 25 and 13.9 months, respectively. Cox regression using gender, HbA1c, weight and age prior to pump therapy as factor variables identified HbA1c as the only predictor that significantly influenced the time‐to‐event (HR 0.94, p=0.001 for HbA1c 58mmol/mol, and HR 0.97, p=0.008 for HbA1c 64mmol/mol).Survival modelling appears to be a robust statistical tool to evaluate performance. Furthermore, adjusting for covariates identifies factors that may influence outcome. Pump therapy is considered a high cost area by commissioners, therefore having auditable outcome measures would be useful to inform authorities on the effectiveness of the service. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons.
Non‐invasive ventilation and airway exchange catheter using a novel adapter in a difficult airway patient with post‐extubation respiratory failure
Authors: Quintero Osorio Oscar Ivan , Arenas Janer V. , Cuervo Juan A. , Ospina Tascón Gustavo A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPost‐extubation respiratory failure in patients with difficult airway is considered a challenge for the health team. Some intratracheal devices such as airway exchange catheters (AECs) could be used during scheduled tube removing to ensure a rapid access to airway in the case of requiring emergent reintubation. Nevertheless, using such devices could impede adequate non‐invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) support because of the air leaks generated by interfering with mask interfaces. We describe the case of a woman with a very difficult airway in whom an AEC was placed before scheduled extubation and then developed post‐extubation respiratory failure. Mask interface was adequately sealed by using a novel tube adapter for NIMV and successful non‐invasive ventilation was provided while maintaining the AEC placed in the trachea until the emergency reintubation risk was overcome.
A novel SEA‐based haptic force feedback master hand controller for robotic endovascular intervention system
Authors: Wang Kundong , Mai Ximing , Xu Haijin , Lu Qingsheng , Yan Weiwu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRobotic Endovascular Intervention System (REIS) has been a focused and interesting area in robot‐assisted telesurgery. While, haptic feedback is the latest advancing study in interventional robots. Few systems with haptic feedback are commercialized due to accuracy, instantaneity, and the lack of surgeon previous experience on interventional surgery. In this article, a novel haptic force feedback master hand controller system is proposed to solve the problems. A SEA (Series Elastic Actuators)‐based mechanism is designed to provide feedback force with high force/torque fidelity, low impedance, and inertia. Also, the handle of the mechanism is similar to the catheter, making the surgeon operate the telesurgery with his experience. The control model of the system is built, and PID algorithms are explored to realize the motion control. PID parameters are optimized for fast response time and stability. The experiments and results demonstrate that the master hand controller system has maximum feedback force relative error of 3%, instantaneity of 0.89 second and tracking performance of 9 Hz frequency 3 dB bandwidth.
One-loop divergences in 7D Einstein and 6D conformal gravities
Authors: Aros R. , Bugini F. , Diaz D.E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The aim of this note is to unveil a striking equivalence between the one-loop divergences in 7D Einstein and 6D Conformal Gravities.
The particular combination of 6D pointwise Weyl invariants of the 6D Conformal Gravity corresponds to that of Branson’s Q-curvature and can be written solely in terms of the Ricci tensor and its covariant derivatives. The quadratic metric fluctuations of this action, 6D Weyl graviton, are endowed with a sixth-order kinetic operator that happens to factorize on a 6D Einstein background into product of three shifted Lichnerowicz Laplacians. We exploit this feature to use standard heat kernel techniques and work out in one go the UV logarithmic divergences of the theory that contains in this case the four Weyl anomaly coefficients.
In a seemingly unrelated computation, we determine the one-loop IR logarithmic divergences of 7D Einstein Gravity in a particular 7D Poincaré-Einstein background that is asymptotically hyperbolic and has the above 6D Einstein manifold at its conformal infinity or boundary.
We show the full equivalence of both computations, as an outgrowth of the IR/UV connection in AdS/CFT correspondence, and in this way the time-honoured one-loop calculations in Einstein and higher-derivative gravities take an interesting new turn.
On matching confidence intervals and tests for some discrete distributions: methodological and computational aspects
Authors: Klaschka Jan , Reiczigel Jenő 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExact two-tailed tests and two-sided confidence intervals (CIs) for a binomial proportion or Poisson parameter by Sterne (Biometrika 41:117–129, 1954) or Blaker (Can J Stat 28(4):783–798, 2000) are successful in reducing conservatism of the Clopper–Pearson method. However, the methods suffer from an inconsistency between the tests and the corresponding CIs: In some cases, a parameter value is rejected by the test, though it lies in the CI. The problem results from non-unimodality of the test p value functions. We propose a slight modification of the tests that avoids the inconsistency, while preserving nestedness and exactness. Fast and accurate algorithms for both the test modification and calculation of confidence bounds are presented together with their theoretical background.
Preoperative Exercise Habits are Associated with Post‐gastrectomy Complications
Authors: Toriumi Tetsuro , Yamashita Hiroharu , Kawasaki Koichiro , Okumura Yasuhiro , Wakamatsu Kotaro , Yagi Koichi , Aikou Susumu , Nomura Sachiyo , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is reportedly associated with postoperative complications of gastrectomy, which would presumably be affected by exercise habits aimed at maintaining muscle quantity and quality. However, the potential benefits of exercise habits have yet to be clarified.MethodsWe included 178 patients undergoing gastrectomy in this study. Postoperative complications above grade 2 according to the Clavien–Dindo classification were regarded as clinically significant. Patients were classified according to exercise quantity employing the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and relationships between exercise habits and complications were investigated.ResultsOn univariate analysis, low exercise habits (p = 0.008) and total gastrectomy (p = 0.004) were significantly associated with morbidity after gastrectomy. Although severe comorbidity (p = 0.095) and combined resection (p = 0.064) tended to be associated with complications, multivariate analysis demonstrated only low levels of exercise (Odds ratio = 2.42, p = 0.014) and total gastrectomy (Odds ratio = 3.67, p = 0.028) to be independently associated with postoperative complications. Anastomotic leakage (p = 0.028) and systemic complications (p = 0.006), especially pneumonia, were significantly more frequent in the low exercise group.ConclusionsPreoperative exercise habits independently affected short‐term postoperative outcomes. Our results raise the possibility that exercise intervention would reduce the morbidity experienced by gastrectomy patients.
Acute hypertrophic but not maximal strength loading transiently enhances the kynurenine pathway towards kynurenic acid
Authors: Joisten Niklas , Schumann Moritz , Schenk Alexander , Walzik David , Freitag Nils , Knoop Andre , Thevis Mario , Bloch Wilhelm , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Due to distinct immuno- and neuro-modulatory properties, growing research interest focuses on exercise-induced alterations of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway in healthy and clinical populations. To date, knowledge about the impact of different acute strength exercise modalities on the KYN pathway is scarce. Therefore, we investigated the acute effects of hypertrophic (HYP) compared to maximal (MAX) strength loadings on the KYN pathway regulation.

Methods
Blood samples of twelve healthy males (mean age and weight: 23.5 ± 3.2 years; 77.5 ± 7.5 kg) were collected before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 1 h after completion (T2) of HYP (5 sets with 10 repetitions at 80% of 1RM) and MAX (15 sets with 1RM) loadings performed in a randomized cross-over design. Serum concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), KYN, kynurenic acid (KA), and quinolinic acid (QA) were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results
The KA/KYN ratio increased from T0 to T1 (p = 0.01) and decreased from T1 to T2 (p = 0.011) in HYP, while it was maintained within MAX. Compared to MAX, serum concentrations of KA were greater in HYP at T1 (p = 0.014). Moreover, the QA/KA ratio was significantly lower in HYP than in MAX at T1 (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
Acute HYP loading led to increases in the metabolic flux yielding KA, thereby possibly promoting immunosuppression and neuroprotection. Our findings emphasize the potential of acute HYP exercise as short-term modulator of KYN pathway downstream to KA in healthy males and need to be proven in other samples.
Preventing, identifying, and managing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a practical guide for nurses and other allied healthcare professionals
Authors: Drudge-Coates Lawrence , Van den Wyngaert Tim , Schiødt Morten , van Muilekom H. A. M. , Demonty Gaston , Otto Sven 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an infrequent, but potentially serious, adverse event that can occur after exposure to bone-modifying agents (BMAs; e.g., bisphosphonates, denosumab, and antiangiogenic therapies). BMAs are typically used at higher doses to prevent skeletal-related events in cancer patients and at lower doses for osteoporosis/bone loss. MRONJ can cause significant pain, reduce quality of life, and can be difficult to treat, requiring a multiprofessional approach to care.

Methods
We reviewed the literature and guidelines to summarize a practical guide on MRONJ for nurses and other allied healthcare professionals.

Results
While there is a risk of MRONJ with BMAs, this should be considered in relation to the benefits of treatment. Nurses and other allied healthcare professionals can play a key role alongside physicians and dentists in assessing MRONJ risk, identifying MRONJ, counseling the patient on the benefit–risk of BMA treatment, preventing MRONJ, and managing the care pathway of these patients. Assessing patients for MRONJ risk factors before starting BMA treatment can guide preventative measures to reduce the risk of MRONJ. Nurses can play a pivotal role in facilitating multiprofessional management of MRONJ by communicating with patients to ensure compliance with preventative measures, and with patients’ physicians and dentists to ensure early detection and referral for prompt treatment of MRONJ.

Conclusions
This review summarizes current evidence on MRONJ and provides practical guidance for nurses, from before BMA treatment is started through to approaches that can be taken to prevent and manage MRONJ in patients receiving BMAs.