bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of Ti substrate with pH‐responsive naringin‐ZnO nanoparticles for the reconstruction of large bony after osteosarcoma resection
Authors: Yang Yulu , Tao Bailong , Gong Yi , Chen Rui , Yang Weihu , Lin Chuanchuan , Chen Maowen , Qin Lu , Jia Yile , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAfter bone tumor resection, the large bony deficits are commonly reconstructed with Ti‐based metallic endoprosthesis, which provide immediate stable fixation and allow early ambulation and weight bearing. However, when used in osteosarcoma resection, Ti implant‐relative infection and tumor recurrence were recognized as the two critical factors for implantation failure. Hence, in this work, a novel zinc oxide nanoparticle decorating with naringin was prepared and immobilized onto Ti substrate. The drugs delivery profiles proved that in the bacterial infection and Warburg effect of osteosarcoma‐induced acidic condition, naringin and Zn2+ can be released easily from the functional Ti substrate. The anti‐osteosarcoma and antibacterial assay showed the delivered naringin and Zn2+ can induce a remarkable increase of oxidative stress in bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and osteosarcoma (Saos‐2 cells) by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS results in damage of bacterial biofilm and bacterial membrane, leading to the leakage of bacterial RNA and DNA. Meanwhile, the increase of ROS induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by activating ROS/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vitro cellular experiments, including cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, extracellular matrix mineralization level, indicated that the functional Ti substrate exhibited great potential for osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Hence, this study provides a simple and promising strategy of developing multifunctional Ti‐based implants for the reconstruction of large bony after osteosarcoma resection.
The role of macrophages in osseointegration of dental implants: An experimental study in vivo
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Yu , Feng Yuan , Cheng Haode , Li Dehua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo investigate the role of macrophages in the osseointegration of dental implants through induced macrophage reduction in a murine model. Fifty‐four Sprague–Dawley rats with bilateral maxillary first molars replaced by titanium implants were randomly assigned into three groups. For the test group, macrophages were depleted by tail‐vein injection of clodronate liposome (20 mg/kg) 3 days before implantation and reinjection every 3 days until the sacrifice of the rats (10 mg/kg). Animals treated with Phosphate Buffer saline (PBS) alone or empty liposome were included as controls. Samples contained implants were retrieved after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days, and the alterations of macrophages (CD68) and osteoblasts (Osterix) were evaluated using histology and immunohistochemistry technique. Histological analysis showed that new bone gradually formed within the lateral chamber regions in both the Control group and the Lip group, whereas bone healing was delayed at the first 2‐weeks despite of pronounced newly formed peri‐implant bone at 4 weeks in the Lipclod group. The bone‐to‐implant contact was significantly higher in the Lip and Control group than in the Lipclod group after 2 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CD68+ cells were present both in the central region and in direct contact with implant surface throughout the healing period. Macrophages depletion reduced osteoblast amounts and new bone formation around implants in the first 2 weeks, and have no adverse impacts on the final formation of osseointegration. Macrophages play a dual role in both regulating the bone healing process and immune response to implant installation during the early stages.
Anidulafungin liposome nanoparticles exhibit antifungal activity against planktonic and biofilm Candida albicans
Authors: Vera‐González Noel , Bailey‐Hytholt Christina M. , Langlois Luc , de Camargo Ribeiro Felipe , de Souza Santos Evelyn Luzia , Junqueira Juliana Campos , Shukla Anita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFungal infections can cause significant patient morbidity and mortality. Nanoparticle therapeutics have the potential to improve treatment of these infections. Here we report the development of liposomal nanoparticles incorporating anidulafungin, a potent antifungal, with the goal of increasing its solubility and aiding in localization to fungi. Liposomes were fabricated with three concentrations of anidulafungin yielding monodisperse ~100 nm unilamellar vesicles. All three formulations inhibited planktonic Candida albicans growth at a minimum inhibitory concentration equivalent to free drug. All three formulations also disrupted preformed C. albicans biofilms, reducing fungal burden by as much as 99%, exhibiting superior biofilm disruption compared with free drug. Liposome formulations tested in vivo in C. albicans infected Galleria mellonella wax moth larvae demonstrated increased survival compared to free drug equivalents, leading to a survival of 33 to 67% of larvae over 7 days depending on the liposome utilized compared with only 25% survival of larvae administered free drug. Liposomal formulations along with free anidulafungin did not cause red blood cell lysis. Ultimately, the liposome formulations reported here increased anidulafungin solubility, displayed promising efficacy against planktonic and biofilm C. albicans, and improved the survival of C. albicans–infected G. mellonella compared to free anidulafungin.
Effect of elastin‐like polypeptide incorporation on the adhesion maturation of mineral trioxide aggregates
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jung , Lee Wang Sik , Jeong Jinyoung , Kim Duck Su , Lee Seung‐Wuk , Kim Sun‐Young 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the incorporation of elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) on the adhesion maturation of mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA). Two types of ELPs (V125 and V125E8) were genetically synthesized. V125 consisted of 125 repeating pentapeptides (Val‐Pro‐Gly‐Xaa‐Gly) and V125E8 was functionalized with octaglutamic acid in the C‐terminus of V125; both were diluted to 10 wt% in solution. Three 1.5 mm diameter holes in dentin discs were filled with MTA mixed with either a solution of ELP or deionized water. Push‐out bond strength tests were performed following storage in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks (n = 12). The interface between dentin and MTA was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The maturation of MTA was evaluated with a stereoscopic microscope and SEM. The incorporation of a specific ELP (V125E8) significantly increased the bond strength of MTA to dentin with regard to every maturation period (p < 0.05). The bond strength of MTA also significantly increased with a longer maturation time irrespective of ELP incorporation (p < 0.05). V125E8‐incorporated MTA exhibited a more intimate interface with dentin compared to the other groups. More spindle‐shaped crystal structures and thicker crystals were observed in all MTA mixtures as the storage duration increased even though V125E8 exhibited fewer crystal structures on the surface. Within the limitations of this study, the incorporation of V125E8 increased the adhesive properties of MTA and the maturation of MTA occurred regardless of ELP incorporation.
Impact of different conditions of breath‐holding on the results of renal artery Doppler sonography: A pilot study
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Ge Zhitong , Wang Yahong , Xu Zhonghui , Li Jianchu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of different breath‐holding conditions on the results of renal artery Doppler ultrasonography (RADS).MethodsIn 45 healthy volunteers, we performed RADS examination during breath‐holding while breathing naturally and after a deep inspiration. We measured and compared peak systolic flow velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI) of the right (RRA) and left (LRA) renal artery, and PSV, EDV, RI, acceleration time and acceleration index (AI) of the right and left interlobar arteries.ResultsThe RRA and LRA PSV were, respectively, 76 ± 13 cm/s and 77 ± 15 cm/s under natural breathing and 93 ± 18 cm/s and 89 ± 24 cm/s after deep inspiration (P ≤ .001). The RRA and LRA EDV were also greater at deep inspiration (P < .001 and P = .019, respectively). There was no significant difference in RRA or LRA RI. The PSV, RI, and AI of the right and left interlobar arteries were greater after deep inspiration (P ≤ .001), without difference in AI.ConclusionBreath‐holding conditions may influence Doppler measurements of renal artery flow velocity and should be reported and taken into account.
Strong cliques in vertex‐transitive graphs
Authors: Hujdurović Ademir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA clique (resp, independent set) in a graph is strong if it intersects every maximal independent set (resp, every maximal clique). A graph is clique intersect stable set (CIS) if all of its maximal cliques are strong and localizable if it admits a partition of its vertex set into strong cliques. In this paper we prove that a clique in a vertex‐transitive graph is strong if and only if for every maximal independent set of . On the basis of this result we prove that a vertex‐transitive graph is CIS if and only if it admits a strong clique and a strong independent set. We classify all vertex‐transitive graphs of valency at most 4 admitting a strong clique, and give a partial characterization of 5‐valent vertex‐transitive graphs admitting a strong clique. Our results imply that every vertex‐transitive graph of valency at most 5 that admits a strong clique is localizable. We answer an open question by providing an example of a vertex‐transitive CIS graph which is not localizable.
Lines in bipartite graphs and in 2‐metric spaces
Authors: Matamala Martín , Zamora José 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe line generated by two distinct points, and , in a finite metric space , is the set of points given by
It is denoted by . A 2‐set such that is called a universal pair and its generated line a universal line. Chen and Chvátal conjectured that in any finite metric space either there is a universal line, or there are at least |V| different (nonuniversal) lines. Chvátal proved that this is indeed the case when the metric space has distances in the set . Aboulker et al proposed the following strengthenings for Chen and Chvátal conjecture in the context of metric spaces induced by finite graphs: First, the number of lines plus the number of bridges of the graph is at least the number of points. Second, the number of lines plus the number of universal pairs is at least the number of points of the space. In this study, we prove that the first conjecture is true for bipartite graphs different from or , and that the second conjecture is true for metric spaces with distances in the set .
A hybrid RBFNN–BBMO methodology for robust energy management in grid‐Connected microgrid
Authors: Kumari Naresh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis dissertation shows energy scheduling in grid‐connected micro grid (MG) using an amazing hybrid method for optimal energy management. The hybrid method is the mixture of Radial Basis Neural Function Network (RBFNN) and Bumble Bees Mating Optimization (BBMO) and is therefore referred to as RBFNN–BBMO technique. The MG system consists of photovoltaic, wind turbine, battery storage and micro turbine systems. Here, batteries are used to maintain a constant and stable output power. The necessary load demand of the grid‐connected MG scheme is continually monitored using the RBFNN method. BBMO optimizes the perfect combination of MG taking into account the expected load demand. In addition to decrease the impact of renewable energy prediction mistakes, a two strategy for MG energy management is adopted. The first approach is to program various renewable energy sources (RESs) during the operation of MG in order to minimize the electricity costs. The second approach is power flow balancing and forecasting errors, decreasing from the scheduled energy reference based on the summarized rule. Access of RESs, power supply and charging modules are the constraints. Two existing methods such as the Genetic Algorithm and the Cuttlefish Algorithm compare the supremacy of the proposed method.
Can microsavings work without microcredit? A case study of India Post Payments Bank
Authors: Ashta Arvind , Pillarisetti Satish 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicrosavings institutions that cannot provide microcredit are unlikely to be self‐sustaining. Payments banks are Indian microfinance institutions that can collect microsavings, but cannot give microcredit. They have been mainly unsuccessful owing to low spreads between interest given to savers and interest received from the reserve bank or commercial banks on interbank deposits. The commission income from transfer payments is too low to pay the high overheads of rural outreach. Payments banks would like to transform themselves into small savings banks that can provide microcredit.
A reconstructive algorithm of oncologic defects of the upper trunk and shoulder girdle: Factors predicting complexity and outcomes
Authors: Nemir Stephanie , Mericli Alexander F. , Adelman David M. , Liu Jun , Feig Barry W. , Lin Patrick P. , Roubaud Margaret S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLocally advanced malignancies of the upper torso and shoulder girdle (UT‐SG) necessitate extensive resection and complex reconstruction. Due to the infrequent nature of these operations, a global reconstructive algorithm has not been defined.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients who received reconstructive surgery following malignant tumor extirpation in the UT‐SG from 2008 to 2018 at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Factors predicting the need for flap reconstruction and risk for postoperative complications were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 252 procedures met inclusion criteria. The most common pathology was sarcoma (76%) and 52% were primary tumors. The median defect area was 112 cm2 (range 4‐1350 cm2). Reconstructive techniques included pedicled flaps (46%), local tissue rearrangement (38%), and free flaps (16%). On univariate analysis, the probability of needing a free flap increased 39% when the defect size increased by 100 cm2.The strongest independent predictors of requiring a free flap were major vessel exposure (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.92, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36‐17.84, P = .015) and major peripheral nerve exposure (adjusted OR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.1‐9.2, P = .031).ConclusionDespite the aggressive nature of their malignancies, patients requiring an UT‐SG resection demonstrate high survival rates and therefore demand a durable reconstruction. Exposed critical structures and defect size were predictive of free tissue transfer.
Giant Biodegradable Poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Polymersomes by Electroformation
Authors: Kunzler Cleiton , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Roesener Manuel , Schönherr Holger 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHere, the formation of giant enzyme‐degradable polymersomes using the electroformation method is reported. Poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) polymersomes have been shown previously to be attractive candidates for the detection of bacterial proteases and protease mediated release of encapsulated reporter dyes and antimicrobials. To maximize the efficiency, the maximization of block copolymer (BCP) vesicle size without compromising their properties is of prime importance. Thus, the physical‐chemical properties of the BCP necessary to self‐assemble into polymeric vesicles by electroformation are first identified. Subsequently, the morphology of the self‐assembled structures is extensively characterized by different microscopy techniques. The vesicular structures are visualized for giant polymersomes by confocal laser scanning microscopy upon incorporation of reporter dyes during the self‐assembly process. Using time correlated single photon counting and by analyzing the fluorescence decay curves, the nanoenvironment of the encapsulated fluorophores is unveiled. Using this approach, the hollow core structure of the polymersomes is confirmed. Finally, the encapsulation of different dyes added during the electroformation process is studied. The results underline the potential of this approach for obtaining microcapsules for subsequent triggered release of signaling fluorophores or antimicrobially active cargo molecules that can be used for bacterial infection diagnostics and/or treatment.
A perspective on sepsis pathogenesis, biomarkers and diagnosis: A concise survey
Authors: Kundu Souvik , Tabassum Shawana , Kumar Ratnesh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSepsis is a potentially fatal physiological state caused by an imbalance in the body's immune response to an infection and is one of the most common causes for deaths in the non‐coronary intensive care unit worldwide. In this article, the state of art on sepsis is presented in a manner that facilitates easy comprehension also for the non‐medical researchers by introducing sepsis, its causes, extent and comparison of diagnostic techniques (conventional labeled as well as label‐free detection). The article also provides a comprehensive discussion on sepsis biomarkers, to help researchers from multi‐disciplinary domain in developing devices and ideas to complement the existing sepsis diagnosis systems for quick and premature detection of the physiological condition and reduce mortality by means of early treatments.
Geschüttelt, nicht gerührt – Kugelmühle statt Kolben
Authors: Lange Markus , Vilotijevic Ivan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMörser und Pistill dienen im Labor hauptsächlich dazu, Proben zu zerkleinern und zu homogenisieren. Aber dieses Werkzeug lässt sich auch als Reaktionsgefäß nutzen. Die Mechanochemie ermöglicht Produkte, die über Chemie in Lösung nicht zugänglich sind.
Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie: Chemie auf der Attosekunden‐Zeitskala
Authors: Gräfe Stefanie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMit Attosekundenpulsen im UV lässt sich die Elektronendynamik in Molekülen beobachten. Sie lässt Rückschlüsse darauf zu, wie Bindungen brechen und entstehen. Ein aktuelles Beispiel liefert die Aminosäure Phenylalanin. Mit Molekularstrahlexperimenten lassen sich einige der grundlegendsten Fragen der Chemie beantworten, nämlich ob und wie sich die exakte Konformation eines reaktiven Molekülpaars auf den Ausgang der Reaktion auswirkt.
Die GDCh trotzt der Krise
Authors: Schreiner Peter R. , Koch Wolfram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDie Covid‐19‐Pandemie trifft auch die GDCh hart. Der Vorstand brachte bereits einschneidende Maßnahmen auf den Weg. Doch trotz der ernsten Situation: Es gibt auch Entwicklungen, die Mut machen.
Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Natural Ascorbic Acid Analogues and Choline Chloride
Authors: Maneffa Andrew J. , Harrison Adrian B. , Radford Stewart J. , Whitehouse A. Steve , Clark James H. , Matharu Avtar S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DES) are one of the most promising green technologies to emerge in recent years given their combination of environmentally friendly credentials and useful functionalities. Considering the continued search for new DES – especially those that exemplify the aforementioned characteristics, we report the preparation of DES based on natural analogues of l‐ascorbic acid for the first time. The onset of eutectic melting occurred at temperatures far below the melting point of the individual components and resulted in the generation of glass forming fluids with glass transition temperatures, viscosities and flow behavior that are comparable to similar systems. This work expands the current array of DES that can be produced using naturally occurring components, which given their potential to be bio‐derived, interesting physicochemical properties (e. g. propensity to supercool and vitrify) and apparent antibacterial nature, may provide utility within a range of applications.
Configurational Selection in Azobenzene‐Based Supramolecular Systems Through Dual‐Stimuli Processes
Authors: Tecilla Paolo , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAzobenzene is one of the most studied light‐controlled molecular switches and it has been incorporated in a large variety of supramolecular systems to control their structural and functional properties. Given the peculiar isomeric distribution at the photoexcited state (PSS), azobenzene derivatives have been used as photoactive framework to build metastable supramolecular systems that are out of the thermodynamic equilibrium. This could be achieved exploiting the peculiar E/Z photoisomerization process that can lead to isomeric ratios that are unreachable in thermal equilibrium conditions. The challenge in the field is to find molecular architectures that, under given external circumstances, lead to a given isomeric ratio in a reversible and predictable manner, ensuring an ultimate control of the configurational distribution and system composition. By reviewing early and recent works in the field, this review aims at describing photoswitchable systems that, containing an azobenzene dye, display a controlled configurational equilibrium by means of a molecular recognition event. Specifically, examples include programmed photoactive molecular architectures binding cations, anions and H‐bonded neutral guests. In these systems the non‐covalent molecular recognition adds onto the thermal and light stimuli, equipping the supramolecular architecture with an additional external trigger to select the desired configuration composition.
Relationship between cognitive functioning, mood, and other patient factors on quality of life in metastatic brain cancer
Authors: Marotta Dario , Tucker Zachary , Hayward Emily N. , Gerstenecker Adam , Gammon Meredith , Mason Matthew , Willhelm Gabrielle , Bae Helen , Triebel Kristen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveNeurocognitive functioning (NCF), mood disturbances, physical functioning, and social support all share a relationship with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). However, investigations into these relationships have not been conducted in persons with brain metastases (BM).Patients and methodsNinety‐three newly diagnosed persons with BM were administered various cognitive batteries. Data were collected across a wide range of categories (ie, cognitive, demographic, disease/treatment, mood, social support, physical functioning). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment (FACT) scale was used to measure HRQOL.ResultsMood and physical function correlated with lower HRQOL in every measured domain. Verbal learning and memory correlated with every FACT subscale except emotional quality of life. Social support also correlated with several HRQOL domains. Stepwise linear regression revealed that mood predicted general well‐being and several FACT subscales, including physical, emotional and cognitive well‐being. Social support and physical health were predictive of general well‐being. Verbal learning and memory predicted cognitive well‐being.ConclusionHRQOL is a complex construct affected by numerous variables. In particular, mood, physical functioning, and learning and memory were important predictors of HRQOL, and clinicians are encouraged to obtain information in these areas during baseline assessments in persons with BM.