bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of newborn resuscitative interventions at birth and short-term outcomes: a regional population-based study
Authors: Bjorland Peder Aleksander , Øymar Knut , Ersdal Hege Langli , Rettedal Siren Irene 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the incidence and characteristics of resuscitative interventions at different gestational ages and short-term outcomes after resuscitation.Design, setting and patientsA prospective observational study in an unselected population at Stavanger University Hospital, Norway, from October 2016 until September 2017.InterventionsUsing a data collection form and video recordings, we registered and analysed resuscitative interventions.Main outcome measuresIncidence of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), positive pressure ventilation (PPV), intubation, chest compressions and intravenous fluid or epinephrine boluses. Short-term outcomes of resuscitated newborns.ResultsAll 4693 newborns in the study period were included in the study. Two hundred and ninety-one (6.2%) newborns received interventions in the first minutes of life beyond drying and stimulation. PPV was provided in 170 (3.6%) while CPAP (without PPV) was provided in 121 (2.6%) newborns. Duration of PPV was median (IQR) 106 s (54–221). Intubations were performed in 19 (0.4%) newborns, with a mean (SD) intubation time of 47 (21) s. Ten (0.2%) newborns received chest compressions and epinephrine was administrated in three (0.1%) newborns. Sixty-three per cent of the treated newborns from 34 weeks’ gestational age were returned to parental care without further follow-up.ConclusionsThe need for resuscitative interventions after birth was frequent in this unselected population in a high-resource setting, but full cardiopulmonary resuscitation was rare. Short-term outcomes were good, suggesting that most newborns treated with resuscitative interventions were not severely affected.
Utility of conventional aortic root shot angiography for SAPIEN 3 prosthesis sizing in TAVI: feasibility and inter-reader variability
Authors: Gansera Laura , Ulm Bernhard , Bramlage Peter , Krapf Stephan , Oertel Frank , Mueller-Honold Tobias , von Scheidt Wolfgang , Thilo Christian 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe gold-standard approach to prosthesis sizing before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is multislice computed tomography (MSCT). We aimed to investigate whether conventional aortic root angiography (CA) alone can reliably facilitate valve selection and to describe its inter-reader variability.MethodsFive TAVI specialists (3 interventional cardiologists and 2 cardiac surgeons) independently reviewed preprocedural CAs for 50 patients implanted with the Edwards SAPIEN 3 valve.ResultsThe prosthesis size selected based on visual CA appraisal matched that based on MSCT in 60% of cases (range: 50%–68%), with undersizing in 11% (4%–33%) and oversizing in 29% (10%–46%; p=0.187 for equality of the proportions test). Agreement between CA-based and MSCT-based valve selection was moderate (K=0.41; Kw=0.61). Reassessment of choice following awareness of the annulus long-axis diameter did not significantly improve this agreement (0.40 and 0.63, respectively), though more undersizing (14%) and less oversizing (25%) occurred. Correct valve selection was more common in interventional cardiologists than cardiac surgeons (66% vs 53%; p=0.0391), who made more oversizing errors.ConclusionsThere is a modest agreement between CA-based and MSCT-based SAPIEN 3 selection. Although the former should not be performed routinely, it may be informative in settings where MSCT and transoesophageal echocardiography are unavailable.
Dense quark–gluon plasma in strong magnetic fields
Authors: Abramchuk R. A. , Andreichikov M. A. , Khaidukov Z. V. , Simonov Yu. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA non-perturbative (np) method of Field correlators (FCM) was applied to study QCD at temperatures above the deconfinement transition ($$1<T/T_c<3,~T_c\sim 0.16~\mathrm{GeV}$$1<T/Tc<3,Tc∼0.16GeV) and nonzero baryon densities (baryon chemical potential $$\mu _B<0.5~\mathrm{GeV}$$μB<0.5GeV) in an external uniform magnetic field ($$eB<0.5~\mathrm{GeV}^2$$eB<0.5GeV2). Within FCM, the np high-temperature dynamics is embodied in the Polyakov loop and in the Debye mass due to the Color-Magnetic confinement. Analytic expressions for quark pressure and magnetic susceptibility were obtained. The expressions were represented as series and in integral form. Magnetic susceptibility was found to increase rapidly with temperature and slowly with density. The results at the zero density limit are in agreement with lattice data.
On the importance of NNLO QCD and isospin-breaking corrections in $$\varepsilon '/\varepsilon $$
Authors: Aebischer Jason , Bobeth Christoph , Buras Andrzej J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFollowing the 1999 analysis of Gambino, Haisch and one of us, we stress that all the recent NLO analyses of $$\varepsilon '/\varepsilon $$ε′/ε in the Standard Model (SM) suffer from the renormalization scheme dependence present in the electroweak penguin contributions as well as from scale uncertainties in them related to the matching scale $$\mu _W$$μW and in particular to $$\mu _t$$μt in $$m_t(\mu _t)$$mt(μt). We also reemphasize the important role of isospin-breaking and QED effects in the evaluation of $$\varepsilon '/\varepsilon $$ε′/ε. Omitting all these effects, as done in the 2015 analysis by RBC-UKQCD collaboration, and choosing as an example the QCD penguin ($$Q_6$$Q6) and electroweak penguin ($$Q_8$$Q8) parameters $$B_6^{(1/2)}$$B6(1/2) and $$B_8^{(3/2)}$$B8(3/2) to be $$B_6^{(1/2)}= 0.80 \pm 0.08$$B6(1/2)=0.80±0.08 and $$B_8^{(3/2)}= 0.76 \pm 0.04$$B8(3/2)=0.76±0.04 at $$\mu = m_c=1.3\,\, \text {GeV}$$μ=mc=1.3GeV, we find $$(\varepsilon '/\varepsilon )_\mathrm{SM} = (9.4 \pm 3.5) \times 10^{-4}$$(ε′/ε)SM=(9.4±3.5)×10-4, whereas including them results in $$(\varepsilon '/\varepsilon )_\mathrm{SM} = (5.6\pm 2.4)\times 10^{-4}$$(ε′/ε)SM=(5.6±2.4)×10-4. This is an example of an anomaly at the $$3.3\,\sigma $$3.3σ level, which would be missed without these corrections. NNLO QCD contributions to QCD penguins are expected to further enhance this anomaly. We provide a table for $$\varepsilon '/\varepsilon $$ε′/ε for different values of $$B_6^{(1/2)}$$B6(1/2) and the isospin-breaking parameter $${\widehat{\Omega }}_\text {eff}$$Ω^eff, that should facilitate monitoring the values of $$\varepsilon '/\varepsilon $$ε′/ε in the SM when the RBC-UKQCD calculations of hadronic matrix elements including isospin-breaking corrections and QED effects will improve with time.
Open-boundary conditions in the deconfined phase
Authors: Florio Adrien , Kaczmarek Olaf , Mazur Lukas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, we consider open-boundary conditions at high temperatures, as they can potentially be of help to measure the topological susceptibility. In particular, we measure the extent of the boundary effects at $$T=1.5T_c$$T=1.5Tc and $$T=2.7T_c$$T=2.7Tc. In the first case, it is larger than at $$T=0$$T=0 while we find it to be smaller in the second case. The length of this “boundary zone” is controlled by the screening masses. We use this fact to measure the scalar and pseudo-scalar screening masses at these two temperatures. We observe a mass gap at $$T=1.5T_c$$T=1.5Tc but not at $$T=2.7T_c$$T=2.7Tc. Finally, we use our pseudo-scalar channel analysis to estimate the topological susceptibility. The results at $$T=1.5T_c$$T=1.5Tc are in good agreement with the literature. At $$T=2.7T_c$$T=2.7Tc, they appear to suffer from topological freezing, which prevents us from providing a precise determination of the topological susceptibility.
Single Image Super-Resolution Algorithm Possessing Edge and Contrast Preservation
Authors: Suryanarayana Gunnam , Dhuli Ravindra , Yang Jie 
Published: December 2019

In real time surveillance video applications, it is often required to identify a region of interest in a degraded low resolution (LR) image. State-of-the-art super-resolution (SR) techniques produce images with poor illumination and degraded high frequency details. In this paper, we present a different approach for SISR by correcting the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) subbands using the multi-stage cascaded joint bilateral filter (MSCJBF) and singular value decomposition (SVD). The proposed method exploits geometric regularity for implementing the covariance-based interpolation in the spatial domain. We decompose the interpolated LR image into different image and wavelet coefficients by employing DT-CWT. To preserve edges, we alter the wavelet sub-bands with the high frequency details obtained from the MSCJBF. Simultaneously, we retain uniform illumination by improving the image coefficients using SVD. In addition, the wavelet sub-bands undergo lanczos interpolation prior to the subband refinement. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Experiências estético-dialógicas em arte-ativismo
Authors: Machado Irene De Araujo 
Published: December 2019

Embora frequentemente se entenda arte-ativismo como performances artísticas feitas por coletivos, experiências estéticas individuais, solitárias e silenciosas podem representar gestos de força criativa e contestatória. Ao tomar a arte-ativismo como objeto de estudo, o ensaio discute a potência dialógica de obras que, ocupando o espaço público, alteram as relações do entorno. Explora-se, assim, a dinâmica interativa por meio dos próprios objetos e eventos estéticos que, a partir de seus procedimentos, mostram-se capazes de iconizar tanto o gesto criador do artista quanto seu discurso e ideais mais amplos. Com isso, cria-se uma relação entre arte e política que estimula a exploração plástica do sensório, como se procurou examinar no ensaio.
Variation in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Delivery and Subsequent Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Based on Neighborhood-Level Ethnic Characteristics
Authors: Blewer Audrey L. , Schmicker Robert H. , Morrison Laurie J. , Aufderheide Tom P. , Daya Mohamud , Starks Monique A. , May Susanne , Idris Ahamed H. , Callaway Clifton W. , Kudenchuk Peter J. , Vilke Gary M. , Abella Benjamin S. ,   Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators
Published: December 2019

Background:
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (B-CPR) delivery and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest vary at the neighborhood level, with lower survival seen in predominantly black neighborhoods. Although the Hispanic population is the fastest-growing minority population in the United States, few studies have assessed whether the proportion of Hispanic residents in a neighborhood is associated with B-CPR delivery and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We assessed whether B-CPR rates and survival vary by neighborhood-level ethnicity. We hypothesized that neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Hispanic residents have lower B-CPR rates and lower survival.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry at US sites. Neighborhoods were classified by census tract based on percentage of Hispanic residents: <25%, 25% to 50%, 51% to 75%, or >75%. We independently modeled the likelihood of receipt of B-CPR and survival by neighborhood-level ethnicity controlling for site and patient-level confounding characteristics.

Results:

From 2011 to 2015, the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium collected 27 481 US arrest events; after excluding pediatric arrests, emergency medical services–witnessed arrests, or arrests occurring in a healthcare or institutional facility, 18 927 were included. B-CPR was administered in 37% of events. In neighborhoods with <25% Hispanic residents, B-CPR was administered in 39% of events, whereas it was administered in 27% of events in neighborhoods with >75% Hispanic residents. Compared with <25% Hispanic neighborhoods in a multivariable analysis, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in predominantly Hispanic neighborhoods had lower B-CPR rates (51% to 75% Hispanic: odds ratio, 0.79 [CI, 0.65–0.95],
P
=0.014; >75% Hispanic: odds ratio, 0.72 [CI, 0.55–0.96],
P
=0.025) and lower survival rates (global
P
value 0.029; >75% Hispanic: odds ratio, 0.56 [CI, 0.34–0.93],
P
=0.023).

Conclusions:
Individuals with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in predominantly Hispanic neighborhoods were less likely to receive B-CPR and had lower likelihood of survival. These findings suggest a need to understand the underlying disparities in cardiopulmonary resuscitationdelivery and an unmet cardiopulmonary resuscitationtraining need in Hispanic communities.
Deep Learning Detection of Penumbral Tissue on Arterial Spin Labeling in Stroke
Authors: Wang Kai , Shou Qinyang , Ma Samantha J. , Liebeskind David , Qiao Xin J. , Saver Jeffrey , Salamon Noriko , Kim Hosung , Yu Yannan , Xie Yuan , Zaharchuk Greg , Scalzo Fabien , Wang Danny J.J. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—
Selection of patients with acute ischemic stroke for endovascular treatment generally relies on dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography perfusion. Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging requires injection of contrast, whereas computed tomography perfusion requires high doses of ionizing radiation. The purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL)–based algorithm for assisting the selection of suitable patients with acute ischemic stroke for endovascular treatment based on 3-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL).

Methods—
A total of 167 image sets of 3-dimensional pCASL data from 137 patients with acute ischemic stroke scanned on 1.5T and 3.0T Siemens MR systems were included for neural network training. The concurrently acquired dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging was used to produce labels of hypoperfused brain regions, analyzed using commercial software. The DL and 6 machine learning (ML) algorithms were trained with 10-fold cross-validation. The eligibility for endovascular treatment was determined retrospectively based on the criteria of perfusion/diffusion mismatch in the DEFUSE 3 trial (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke). The trained DL algorithm was further applied on twelve 3-dimensional pCASL data sets acquired on 1.5T and 3T General Electric MR systems, without fine-tuning of parameters.

Results—
The DL algorithm can predict the dynamic susceptibility contrast–defined hypoperfusion region in pCASL with a voxel-wise area under the curve of 0.958, while the 6 ML algorithms ranged from 0.897 to 0.933. For retrospective determination for subject-level endovascular treatment eligibility, the DL algorithm achieved an accuracy of 92%, with a sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.95. When applied to the GE pCASL data, the DL algorithm achieved a voxel-wise area under the curve of 0.94 and a subject-level accuracy of 92% for endovascular treatment eligibility.

Conclusions—
pCASL perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with the DL algorithm provides a promising approach for assisting decision-making for endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Effect of Unilateral Cordotomy on Perception of Dysphagia
Authors: Conklin Melissa , Clary Matthew S. , Cuadrado Elizabeth M. , Jetté Marie E. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: CO2 laser medial transverse cordotomy is a permanent static procedure performed to achieve adequate functional airway in cases of posterior glottic stenosis and bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Although it is the preferred method to manage long-term bilateral vocal fold immobility, it is widely believed that cordotomy has the potential to cause aspiration. The minimal existing data on the effect surgical enlargement of the glottic airway on swallowing function is heterogeneous. Through investigation of dysphagia after cordotomy, we hope to better understand the influence of glottic function and its role in dysphagia. The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), is a validated dysphagia symptom-specific outcome measure. We hypothesized that EAT-10 scores would not change after CO2 laser cordotomy despite causing glottic insufficiency. Methods: Retrospective review was performed on sequential patients having undergone unilateral CO2 laser cordotomy with complete pre- and postoperative EAT-10 questionnaire data available for evaluation. Results: Fifteen patients were available for analysis; 10 patients underwent primary unilateral medial transverse cordotomy, 5 patients underwent revision cordotomy, and 20 unique procedures were included in the dataset. The median EAT-10 score during the visit prior to surgery was 3.5, whereas the post-surgery median score was 2. Furthermore, the median difference of 0 was statistically non-significant ( P = .91). Conclusion: CO2 laser cordotomy does not contribute to patient-reported dysphagia despite creating glottic incompetence. This suggests vocal fold apposition may play a less significant role in normal swallowing function than widely believed.
Fructo-oligosaccharides lower serum lipid levels and suppress high-fat/high-sugar diet-induced inflammation by elevating serum and gut levels of short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Yu Renqiang , Yin Yongxiang , Cao Minkai , Ye Danni , Zhang Yinghui , Zhou Qin , Mei Yingzi 
Published: December 2019

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on serum lipid levels and to determine the mechanisms underlying these effects and the potential role of inflammation. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice received a normal diet, a high-fat/high-sugar (HFS) diet, or an HFS diet supplemented with 10% FOS for 10 weeks. In vivo intestinal and serum short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were measured by gas chromatography. In vivo serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were also measured. Lipid accumulation was visualized. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was evaluated and apoptosis was quantified. Results FOS reversed in vivo HFS-induced lipid accumulation in the liver. An HFS diet increased ALT, AST, TC, TG, and LDL serum levels, decreased HDL serum levels, and increased IL-6, TNF-α, 8-OHdG, and MDA levels. These changes were reduced by FOS. FOS also increased intestinal and serum levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In vitro, SCFAs ameliorated palmitic acid-induced ROS production and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Conclusion FOS supplementation lowers serum lipid levels and ameliorates HFS-induced inflammation by upregulating SCFAs.
The boomerang effect of brand personality congruency in a product-harm crisis
Authors: Kim Tom Joonhwan , Yi Youjae , Choi Jongan 
Published: December 2019

This research examines how personality congruency between brands and consumers affect consumers’ attribution and brand evaluation in a product-harm crisis. Results show that the negative influence of a product-harm crisis on brand evaluation is stronger for consumers with high personality congruency than for consumers with low personality congruency. Consumers with high personality congruency feel more disappointment, which leads to attribution toward internal factors of the company, blame toward the brand, and consequently lower purchase intentions. This research suggests that brand personality congruency, although generally assumed to have positive effects on brand evaluation, can have negative effects in a product-harm crisis. JEL Classification: M31
Pathoanatomy of the Jones Fracture in Male University Soccer Players
Authors: Fujitaka Kohei , Tanaka Yasuhito , Taniguchi Akira , Ogawa Munehiro , Isomoto Shinji , Otuki Shingo , Okubo Mamoru 
Published: December 2019

Background: Jones fractures are relatively common in soccer players and require an extended recovery period because this type of fracture has a high incidence of delayed union, nonunion, and refracture. There has been some previous research on risk factors for Jones fracture, but no study has yet investigated the effect of the length of the fifth metatarsal bone and the positional relationship of the articular surface of the fifth metatarsal bones and the tarsal bones. Clarification of the characteristics of the foot structure that predispose soccer players to Jones fracture may aid in the prevention of this injury. Purpose: To investigate the association between Jones fracture and foot structure as assessed with a mapping system on weightbearing dorsoplantar and lateral foot radiographs. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We used a mapping system to evaluate the radiographs of 60 feet from 30 university soccer players with Jones fractures and a control group of 60 feet from 60 male university soccer players without Jones fracture. The groups were compared regarding the length of the fifth metatarsal and the positions of the metatarsal and tarsal bones. Results: Analysis of weightbearing dorsoplantar foot radiographs showed that the fifth metatarsal was significantly longer and that its proximal tip was positioned more proximally in the Jones fracture group as compared with the control group. Analysis of weightbearing lateral foot radiographs showed that the reference points for the medial arch were significantly higher in the Jones fracture group than in the control group. Conclusion: This study indicated that the proximally longer fifth metatarsal may cause greater stress at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone because the lever arm becomes long. In addition, high medial longitudinal arch may contribute to increased load on the lateral side of the foot. Thus, these anatomic features may be useful to identify soccer players at high risk of Jones fracture at medical checkup.
Safety and Efficacy of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Fovel Lindsey M. , Seabury Robert W. , Miller Christopher D. , Darko William , Probst Luke A. , Horvath Lara 
Published: December 2019

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the second leading cause of death in patients with malignancy. The currently available guidelines have shown greater support for utilization of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) over direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in cancer-associated VTE. Current data on the safety and efficacy of DOAC therapy in patients with cancer are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the use of DOACs compared to LMWH in patients with cancer. Methods: A retrospective review of outpatient records was completed to identify patients with documented cancer diagnosis and either a DOAC or LMWH as a listed medication. Patients were excluded if they had atrial fibrillation, valvular disease, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, current pregnancy, body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2 or weight >120 kg, severe renal or hepatic impairment, or were on concomitant therapy with a significant interacting medication. The primary outcome was frequency of VTE recurrence, and secondary outcomes included the frequency of major and minor bleeding and other thrombotic events. Results: One hundred fifty-six patients were included in the study population, 78 in both the DOAC and LMWH groups. Venous thromboembolism recurrence occurred in 5 (6.4%) patients in the DOAC group and 8 (10.3%) patients in the LMWH group ( P = .39). There was no significant difference in major or minor bleeding or other thrombotic events between the 2 groups. Conclusion: The frequency of VTE recurrence was similar between DOACs and LMWH in patients with cancer. DOACs may be an alternative agent to LMWH for the prevention of recurrent VTE in patients with cancer.