bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose regulates hypoxia‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages
Authors: Watanabe Sachiko , Usui‐Kawanishi Fumitake , Karasawa Tadayoshi , Kimura Hiroaki , Kamata Ryo , Komada Takanori , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Mise Nathan , Kasahara Tadashi , Takahashi Masafumi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough the intimate linkage between hypoxia and inflammation is well known, the mechanism underlying this linkage has not been fully understood. Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex that regulates interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) secretion and pyroptosis, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of sterile inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to hypoxia in macrophages. Severe hypoxia (0.1% O2) induced the processing of pro‐IL‐1β, pro‐caspase‐1, and gasdermin D, as well as the release of IL‐1β and lactate dehydrogenase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐primed murine macrophages, indicating that hypoxia induces NLRP3 inflammasome‐driven inflammation and pyroptosis. NLRP3 deficiency and a specific caspase‐1 blockade inhibited hypoxia‐induced IL‐1β release. Hypoxia‐induced IL‐1β release and cell death were augmented under glucose deprivation, and an addition of glucose in the media negatively regulated hypoxia‐induced IL‐1β release. Under hypoxia and glucose deprivation, hypoxia‐induced glycolysis was not driven and subsequently, the intracellular adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) were depleted. Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis showed a reduction of intracellular K+ concentrations, indicating the K+ efflux occurring under hypoxia and glucose deprivation. Furthermore, hypoxia and glucose deprivation‐induced IL‐1β release was significantly prevented by inhibition of K+ efflux and KATP channel blockers. In vivo experiments further revealed that IL‐1β production was increased in LPS‐primed mice exposed to hypoxia (9.5% O2), which was prevented by a deficiency of NLRP3, an apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and caspase‐1. Our results demonstrate that NLRP3 inflammasome can sense intracellular energy crisis as a danger signal induced by hypoxia and glucose deprivation, and provide new insights into the mechanism underlying hypoxia‐induced inflammation.
Benefits of hypothermia in neonatal arterial ischemic strokes: A preclinical study
Authors: Chevin Mathilde , Chabrier Stéphane , Dinomais Mickaël , Bedell Barry J. , Sébire Guillaume 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently no targeted treatment available for neonatal arterial ischemic strokes (NAIS). Epidemiological studies demonstrated that perinatal infection/inflammation, peripartum hypoxia, and occlusion of the internal carotid tree are the main determinants of NAIS. The well‐established benefit of therapeutic hypothermia (HT) in neonatal encephalopathy due to diffuse hypoxia‐ischemia provides a rationale for the potential use of HT as a neuroprotective strategy in NAIS.MethodsWe used a rat model to reproduce the most prevalent human physiopathological scenario of NAIS. The neuroprotective effect of HT was measured by morphometric magnetic resonance imaging, [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) metabolic activity by positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and behavioral tests.ResultsHT (a) prevented the occurrence of 44% of NAIS, (b) reduced the volume of strokes by 37%, (c) enhanced [18F] FDG metabolic activity within the territory of the occluded carotid artery, and (d) improved motor behavior. Both morphometric and metabolic techniques showed consistently that HT provided a neuroprotective effect located in the motor cortex, hippocampus, and caudate‐putamen.ConclusionThrough combining anatomical, metabolic imaging, and behavioral studies, our study provides evidence of neuroprotective effects of HT in NAIS. These results are potentially translational to human NAIS.
Foliar micromorphology and its role in identification of the Apocynaceae taxa
Authors: Bashir Kalsoom , Sohail Aamir , Ali Usman , Ullah Asad , Ul Haq Zahoor , Gul Brekhna , Ullah Inam , Sunera  , Asghar Mehrina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we evaluate the importance of foliar epidermal micromorphological characteristics of Apocyanaceae for accurate identification and classification. The species were collected from the University of Peshawar's main campus in the spring season to observe its qualitative and quantitative features. The length and width of guard cells, stomatal pore and subsidiary cells, trichomes, and crypts on both sides of the leaf were examined. Many species were observed to be hypostomatic. Plumeria rubra, Raulfia serpentine, Thevetia peruviana, Trachelospermum lucidum, Alstonia scholaris, and Catharanthus roseus demonstrated hypostomatic leaves. Nearly all the investigated species had anisocytic type of stomata only or in combination with other types of stomata on the upper and lower epidermis. Carissa carandas had anomocytic, anisocytic, and cyclocytic type of stomata on the upper epidermis, and the lower epidermis showed variations in stomatal type, such as anomocytic, stephanocytic, brachyparacytic, and hemiparacytic. Nerium oleander had no specific shape of stomata but showed stomatal crypts in which the stomata were enclosed inside many trichomes. The taxonomic key based on stomatal types, epidermal cells, stomatal index value, and statistical analysis, along with the variations in the epidermal cells, shows the link between the selected plants species, which will provide a baseline for future anatomical studies. This study highlights many undocumented micromorphological characteristics. The anatomical characteristics observed in this study will be helpful for taxonomic identification and species delimitation of the family Apocynaceae.
No association between binge eating disorder and severity of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese patients
Authors: Canivet Clémence M , Perney Pascal , Cherick Faredj , Orlowski Magalie , Patouraux Stéphanie , Bailly‐Maitre Béatrice , Tran Albert , Iannelli Antonio , Gual Philippe , Anty Rodolphe 
Published: March 2020

Background and AimThe main aim of this study was to evaluate if the binge eating disorders (BEDs) related to obesity were associated with the severity of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsSeverely obese patients who had been referred for bariatric surgery were included in this study at the Nice University Hospital. All patients underwent a liver biopsy at the time of surgery. Between 2008 and 2015, 388 patients had an assessable Bulimia Test (BULIT) self‐questionnaire at the time of surgery. A subgroup (n = 183), between 2011 and 2015, also responded to a Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a Fatigue Impact Scale autoquestionnaire. A control group of 29 healthy people matched by age and gender was included.ResultsAmong the 388 obese patients (median age 40 years, body mass index 41.7 kg/m2, 81% women), 14 patients had a “probable diagnosis” of BED, and 47 patients had a “high risk” of developing a BED according to the BULIT. Obese patients had significantly more severe BED, depression, anxiety, and fatigue compared to controls. Steatosis, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, or fibrosis was not associated with BED. Similarly, the severity of NAFLD was not associated with depression, anxiety, or fatigue.ConclusionsSeverely obese patients had more severe BED, depression, anxiety, and fatigue than lean subjects independent of the severity of NAFLD.
Short photoperiod restores ventral subicular lesion‐induced deficits in affective and socio‐cognitive behavior in male Wistar rats
Authors: Subhadeep Duttagupta , Srikumar Bettadapura N. , Shankaranarayana Rao Byrathnahalli S. , Kutty Bindu M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotoperiod (day‐length) has enduring effects on an organism's physiological functions like metabolism and behavioral phenotypes including cognition and affect. Circadian rhythm manipulations are potentially effective non‐pharmacological strategies in the management of central nervous system insults. In our previous study, we demonstrated the efficacy of short photoperiod regime (SPR; 06/18 hr light‐dark cycle) in establishing functional recovery in ventral subicular lesion (VSL) rats. The present study further demonstrates the efficacy of SPR in mitigating anxiety and depression as well as facilitating socio‐cognitive behavior in VSL rats. VSL elevated the basal plasma corticosterone levels, increased anxiety, anhedonia, and behavioral despair with decreased self‐care. The VSL rats also exhibited a considerable degree of impaired social cognition, in terms of altered social preference and social novelty. Exposure to SPR for 21 days mitigated the anxiety‐ and depressive‐like phenotypes as well as improved social cognition significantly. Thus, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of SPR strategy in reversing most of the behavioral deficits caused by VSL. SPR, perhaps, would have regulated the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis responsiveness as we observed a decrease in plasma corticosterone levels following SPR in VSL rats. The study implies the need for developing a task‐dependent SPR strategy to achieve complete behavioral recovery as the functional demands of each behavior is distinct. In summary, the study highlights the efficacy of photoperiod manipulation as a novel, non‐pharmacological approach in mitigating the affective and cognitive deficits associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease wherein circadian rhythm alterations are implicated.
An amalgam of pathogenic and beneficial endophytic fungi colonizing fourDendrobiumspecies from Meghalaya, India
Authors: Hajong Subarna , Kapoor Rupam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEndophytic fungi are known to play an important role in driving the evolution of plants by conferring adaptational advantages to their host through the production of secondary metabolites and phytohormones. In this study, we evaluated the diversity and phylogenetic relationship of endophytic fungal communities from fourDendrobiumspecies viz.,Dendrobium chrysanthum, Dendrobium heterocarpum, Dendrobium hookerianum, andDendrobium longicornuof Meghalaya, India. A total of 51 culturable endophytic fungi were isolated from the four selected orchid species. The isolates were identified based on nuclear large subunit sequences into 33 species. Approximately 91% of the isolates showed affinity to Ascomycetes, while 9% of the isolates showed BLAST search similarity to Basidiomycetes. The most common genera wereTrichodermaandXylaria. The most prevalent genera wereFusarium, which was detected in all the fourDendrobiumspecies followed byDiaporthe, which was present in threeDendrobiumspecies viz.,D. chrysanthum, D. hookerianum, andD. heterocarpum. The Shannon index value of endophytic fungal communities was the highest inD. chrysanthum(2.66), whileD. longicornu(1) had the highest Evenness index. The present study revealed that endophytic fungi in these orchids are an amalgam of pathogenic and beneficial fungi, which have, at the least, switched their lifestyle to asymptomatic endophyte in their host. To our knowledge, this is the first such report on the diversity of endophytic fungi in the four selectedDendrobiumspecies from Meghalaya, India.
Differentiated thyroid cancer and Hashimoto thyroiditis: Utility of the Afirma gene expression classifier
Authors: Papoian Vardan , Rosen Jennifer E. , Lee Wen , Wartofsky Leonard , Felger Erin A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe Afirma gene expression classifier (AGEC) has not been tested or validated in a high‐risk group, such as patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). We hypothesized that AGEC would perform worse in patients with HT.MethodsA retrospective review of patient charts in a single academic institution who underwent thyroidectomy between 2012 and 2017 was conducted. Patients with HT who underwent AGEC were identified to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).ResultsWe identified 69 patients with HT and atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) on cytology who underwent AGEC analysis. The mean age of AGEC cohort was 50 years (range, 26‐77 years) with 90% female. The median nodule size was 1.9 cm (interquartile range [IQR], 1.2‐2.7 cm). Of the 69 patients, 62 showed suspicious AGEC of which 26 showed TC on surgical pathology. Of the seven benign AGEC, two showed TC on surgical pathology. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 93%, 12%, 42%, and 71%, respectively. Of the entire AGEC cohort, 17 (43%) showed multicentric disease.ConclusionsWe observed a lower NPV for AGEC to rule out thyroid cancer in patients with HT, which reduces the utility of the test for this population.
TNFSF14, a novel target of miR‐326, facilitates airway remodeling in airway smooth muscle cells via inducing extracellular matrix protein deposition and proliferation
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yan Huan‐Li , Li Xiang‐Yu , Guo Yi‐Nan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs a common chronic respiratory disease, the incidence of asthma is increasing in recent years worldwide. Airway remodeling is the primary pathological basis of refractory asthma, but the studies about the underlying mechanism of airway remodeling was a lack. In the study, we aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of miR‐326 on airway remodeling in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). The results showed that transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) accelerated matrix protein deposition by increasing the expression levels of collagen I and fibronectin, and promoted proliferative ability of ASMCs. However, miR‐326 was significantly downregulated in TGF‐β1‐treated ASMCs. MiR‐326 mimics robustly decreased the collagen I and fibronectin levels and inhibited cell proliferation of TGF‐β1‐treated ASMCs. Luciferase assay investigated that tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14) was a direct target of miR‐326. The expression of TNFSF14 was negatively regulated by miR‐326. Moreover, exogenous TNFSF14 effectively reversed the inhibitory effects of miR‐326 overexpression on the expression levels of collagen I and fibronectin, and promoted cell proliferation of TGF‐β1‐treated ASMCs. In conclusion, miR‐326 suppressed matrix protein deposition and cell proliferation of TGF‐β1‐treated ASMCs via inhibiting TNFSF14. MiR‐326 might be a promising novel therapeutic target for asthma.
Predicting Obstructive Sleep Apnea Status With the Reflux Symptom Index in a Sleep Study Population
Authors: Teklu Meron , Gouveia Christopher J. , Yalamanchili Amulya , Ghadersohi Saied , Price Caroline P. E. , Bove Michiel , Attarian Hrayr P , Tan Bruce K. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives/HypothesisOtolaryngologic symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and their diagnostic utility are not well studied. We aimed to elucidate the prevalence of otolaryngologic symptoms among patients being evaluated for OSA. Given findings that the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) was strongly associated with OSA status, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of the RSI for predicting OSA status.Study DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsWe recruited 101 adults presenting for ambulatory polysomnograms to the Northwestern Sleep Disorders Center from July 2017 to July 2018. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), RSI, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire, Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation, Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire 7, and Headache Impact Test were administered. Polysomnogram results were subsequently obtained. Patients with OSA (apnea‐hypopnea index ≥ 5) and without OSA were compared.ResultsOf the 101 participants, 98 had valid sleep study results. Of those, 72 were diagnosed with OSA and 26 were not. The two groups differed significantly in age and body mass index (BMI). Of the questionnaires, only the RSI and LCQ means differed significantly, with worse symptoms in the OSA group (P = .003 and .014, respectively). Upon univariate regression, age, BMI, and RSI were associated with OSA status. Using regression coefficients, a clinical score of 2 (RSI) + 1.5 (BMI) + age yielded a diagnostic model (C‐statistic = 0.807, P < .001). A threshold score of 104.21 was 76.4% sensitive and 73.1% specific.ConclusionsPatients with OSA have worse symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux as measured by the RSI. The addition of the RSI to the recognized factors of age and BMI improves diagnostic utility for OSA.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 2020
Effect of engineered nanoparticles on soil biota: Do they improve the soil quality and crop production or jeopardize them?
Authors: Pérez‐Hernández Hermes , Fernández‐Luqueño Fabián , Huerta‐Lwanga Esperanza , Mendoza‐Vega Jorge , Álvarez‐Solís José David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanoscience and nanotechnology have been shown to have the capacity to help study, manipulation,design, and synthesis of new nano‐sized materials to manufacture new products with desirable features never seen before. The unique properties of materials at nanoscale opens an excellent possibility for nanotechnology to be used in soil environmental remediation, and water, and air decontamination. In crop management, nanomaterials are used to regulate the controlled release of nutrients, fertilizers, and pesticides. However, it is not only necessary to expose the positive effects by the application of the nanomaterials but also to demonstrate the impacts on soil and nontarget organisms (plants, mesofauna, macrofauna, and soil microbiota). In this context, pieces of evidence on the adverse effects of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) on the physicochemical and biological properties of soils are discussed in this paper. We have found a diversity of contradictory results. The summaries, findings, and conclusions of most of the investigations support the need to understand the biological or physicochemical transformation and transport of ENP in soil, and in the plant‐organism relationship. Better understanding regarding the soil biota coupled with the ecological ENP behavior could ensure the safe use of ENP. Nanomaterials can change the physicochemical and biological properties of the soils; consequently, long‐term in situ field trials are required, and meanwhile, land‐application of nanomaterials should be limited to scientific experiments to fill knowledge gaps to not jeopardize the global food production or the environment and worldwide human health.
Intelligent 4D CT sequence scanning (i4DCT): First scanner prototype implementation and phantom measurements of automated breathing signal‐guided 4D CT
Authors: Werner René , Sentker Thilo , Madesta Frederic , Schwarz Annette , Vornehm Marc , Gauer Tobias , Hofmann Christian 
Published: March 2020

PurposeFour‐dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) imaging is an essential part of current 4D radiotherapy treatment planning workflows, but clinical 4D CT images are often affected by artifacts. The artifacts are mainly caused by breathing irregularity during data acquisition, which leads to projection data coverage issues for currently available commercial 4D CT protocols. It was proposed to improve projection data coverage by online respiratory signal analysis and signal‐guided CT tube control, but related work was always theoretical and presented as pure in silico studies. The present work demonstrates a first CT prototype implementation along with respective phantom measurements for the recently introduced intelligent 4D CT (i4DCT) sequence scanning concept (https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13632).MethodsIntelligent 4D CT was implemented on the Siemens SOMATOM go platform. Four‐dimensional CT measurements were performed using the CIRS motion phantom. Motion curves were programmed to systematically vary from regular to very irregular, covering typical irregular patterns that are known to result in image artifacts using standard 4D CT imaging protocols. Corresponding measurements were performed using i4DCT and routine spiral 4D CT with similar imaging parameters (e.g., mAs setting and gantry rotation time, retrospective ten‐phase reconstruction) to allow for a direct comparison of the image data.ResultsFollowing technological implementation of i4DCT on the clinical CT scanner platform, 4D CT motion artifacts were significantly reduced for all investigated levels of breathing irregularity when compared to routine spiral 4D CT scanning.ConclusionsThe present study confirms feasibility of fully automated respiratory signal‐guided 4D CT scanning by means of a first implementation of i4DCT on a CT scanner. The measurements thereby support the conclusions of respective in silico studies and demonstrate that respiratory signal‐guided 4D CT (here: i4DCT) is ready for integration into clinical CT scanners.
Franklins gläserne Engelszungen
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungGläser zum Singen zu bringen ist ein beliebter Kneipensport. Das physikalische Prinzip nutzen die Glasharfe und die von Benjamin Franklin erfundene Glasharmonika, die im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert populär waren. Der über den Rand streichende Finger versetzt das Glas über den Haftgleiteffekt in ein glockenähnliches Schwingen. Das Klangspektrum entspricht fast einer harmonischen Schwingung.
Finite‐time optimal control for interconnected nonlinear systems
Authors: Li Yongming , Yang Tingting , Liu Lu , Feng Gang , Tong Shaocheng 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis work addresses the finite‐time optimal control problem for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems with powers of positive odd rational numbers. A series of homogeneous controllers, which are capable of guaranteeing the local finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop systems, are first developed using the adding one power integrator method and backstepping technique. Then, the nested saturation controllers are further proposed to achieve global finite‐time stability. Furthermore, the corresponding design parameters are optimized, and thus, an optimal controller is obtained. A numerical simulation example is finally given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Pth moment regional stability/stabilization and generalized pole assignment of linear stochastic systems: Based on the generalized ‐representation method
Authors: Zhang Huasheng , Xia Jianwei , Shen Hao , Zhang Baoyong , Wang Zhen 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates pth moment regional stability, stabilization, and generalized pole assignment of stochastic systems, which are most useful in many specific systems and applications. With the help of the generalized ‐representation method, the necessary and sufficient conditions of pth moment regional stability and stabilization of stochastic systems are addressed. Meanwhile, the generalized pole assignment of stochastic systems is also considered. Finally, two examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.