bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Study on the Evaluation of eHealth Interventions in Uganda: Practices, Challenges and Insights
Authors: Nabukenya Josephine , Ashaba Justus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The application of information and communication technology is becoming more popular in healthcare management evidencing improvement of effectiveness, access, quality, and efficiency of the healthcare systems. With increased investment and implementation of eHealth across the world, there is a need to evidence its value. That is, its evaluation is required in order to get the most benefits out of them. To this end, this research study investigates the practices, challenges, and insights regarding the evaluation of eHealth implementations in Uganda.
Methods: A qualitative approach was employed to conduct the study investigation with key eHealth implementers in Uganda considered as respondents to establish an understanding of their perspectives with respect to ehealth evaluation practices and challenges faced, as well as to derive insights from these perspectives in relation to the World Health Organization (WHO) understanding of digital health evaluation.
Results: Results show that Uganda has implemented various eHealth initiatives; however less to none evaluation is undertaken, as it is not a key activity with most of the eHealth implementers. The focus is put on monitoring the ehealth initiatives’ functionality and adoption rather than their outcome and impact.
Conclusion: Accordingly, the study recommends the need for an evaluation framework following the WHO global digital health evaluation framework guidelines to elucidate the notion of evaluation, its characteristics, and measurement indicators regards the outcome and impact of ehealth implementations in healthcare and service delivery for Uganda’s health system.
Effectiveness of the Healthy Start-Départ Santé approach on physical activity, healthy eating and fundamental movement skills of preschoolers attending childcare centres: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leis Anne , Ward Stéphanie , Vatanparast Hassan , Humbert Louise , Chow Amanda Froehlich , Muhajarine Nazeem , Engler-Stringer Rachel , Bélanger Mathieu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Since young children spend approximately 30 hours per week in early childcare centres (ECC), this setting is ideal to foster healthy behaviors. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Healthy Start-Départ Santé (HSDS) randomized controlled trial in increasing physical activity (PA) levels and improving healthy eating and fundamental movement skills in preschoolers attending ECC. Methods: Sixty-one ECC were randomly selected and allocated to either the usual practice (n=30; n=433 children) or intervention group (n=31; n=464 children). The HSDS intervention group was provided a 3-hour on-site training for childcare educators which aimed to increase their knowledge and self-efficacy in promoting healthy eating, PA and development of fundamental movement skills in preschoolers. PA was measured during childcare hours for five consecutive days using the Actical accelerometer. Preschoolers’ fundamental movement skills were assessed using the standard TGMD-II protocol and POMP scores. Food intake was evaluated using digital photography-assisted weighted plate waste at lunch, over two consecutive days. All data were collected prior to the HSDS intervention and again 9 months later. Mixed-effect models were used to analyse the effectiveness of the HSDS intervention on all outcome measures. Results: Total number of children who provided valid data at baseline and endpoint for PA, food intake and fundamental movement skills were 259, 670 and 492, respectively. Children in the HSDS intervention group had, on average, a 3.33 greater point increase in their locomotor motor skills scores than children in the control group (β=3.33, p=0.009). No significant differences in effects were observed for object control, PA and food intake. However, results demonstrated a marginal increase in portions of fruits and vegetables served in the intervention group compared to control group (β=0.06, p=0.05).Conclusion: Of the 12 outcome variables investigated in this study, 10 were not different between the study groups and two of them (locomotor skills and vegetables and fruits servings) showed a significant improvement. This suggests that HSDS is an effective intervention for the promotion of some healthy behaviours among preschoolers attending ECC.
Characterization of bacterial communities associated with the pinewood nematode insect vector Monochamus alternatus Hope and the host tree Pinus massoniana
Authors: Guo Yajie , Lin Qiannan , Chen lvyi , Rebeca Carballar-Lejarazú , Zhang Aishan , Shao Ensi , Liang Guanghong , Hu Xia , Wang Rong , Xu Lei , Zhang Feiping , Wu Songqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:Monochamus alternatusHope is one of the insect vectors of pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), which causes the destructive pine wilt disease. The microorganisms within the ecosystem, comprising plants, their environment, and insect vectors, form complex networks. This study presents a systematic analysis of the bacterial microbiota in theM. alternatusmidgut and its habitat niche.Methods:Total DNA was extracted from 20 types of samples (with three replicates each) fromM. alternatusand various tissues of healthy and infectedP. massoniana(pines). 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the bacterial microbiota in each sample. Moreover, the relative abundances of bacteria in the midgut ofM. alternatuslarvae were verified by counting the colony-forming units.Results:Pinewood nematode infection increased the microbial diversity in pines.Bradyrhizobium,Burkholderia,Dyella,Mycobacterium, andMucilaginibacterwere the dominant bacterial genera in the soil and infected pines. These results indicate that the bacterial community in infected pines may be associated with the soil microbiota. Interestingly, the abundance of the genusGryllotalpicolawas highest in the bark of infected pines. The genusCellulomonaswas not found in the midgut ofM. alternatus, but it peaked in the phloem of infected pines, followed by the phloem of heathy pines. Moreover, the genusSerratiawas not only present in the habitat niche, but it was also enriched in theM. alternatusmidgut. The colony-forming unit assays showed that the relative abundance ofSerratiasp. peaked in the midgut of instar II larvae (81%).Conclusions:Overall, the results indicate that the bacterial microbiota in the soil and in infected pines are correlated. TheGryllotalpicolasp. andCellulomonassp. are potential microbial markers of pine wilt disease. Additionally,Serratiasp. could be an ideal agent for expressing insecticidal protein in the insect midgut by genetic engineering, which represents a new use of microbes to controlM. alternatus.
Antiseptics as Adjuncts to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ramanauskaite Egle , Machiulskiene Vita 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Periodontitis is microbially-associated, host-mediated inflammatory condition that results in loss of periodontal attachment. The goals of periodontal therapy include arresting the disease progression, establishing healthy, stable, maintainable periodontal conditions. A fundamental strategy of treating periodontitis is scaling and root planning (SRP), however its efficacy may be restricted in areas inaccessible for mechanical instrumentation. As periodontitis is infectious in nature, it might be helpful to use additional antimicrobial adjuncts, in order to eliminate or inactivate pathogenic microflora. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current evidence regarding the potential clinical benefits of using additional antiseptics for SRP in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (Ovid) and Cohrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases for articles published between January 1, 2000 and September 22, 2019. Randomized controlled clinical trials in English that compare the effectiveness of one or more antiseptic agents as adjuncts to SRP with a follow-up of ≥ 6 months were included. A meta-analysis using the random-effects model was performed on the selected qualifying articles. Results: The search resulted in 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Based on the vehicle employed to deliver the antiseptic agent, studies were divided into adjunctive sustained-release antiseptics (gels, chips and varnish) and adjunctive irrigation with antiseptics. The meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements in probing depth (PD) reduction (p = 0.001), clinical attachment level (CAL) gain (p = 0.001), and bleeding on probing (BOP) values (p = 0.001) following the adjunctive subgingival application of sustained-release antiseptics. Additional subgingival irrigation with antiseptics failed to show significant improvements in PD (p = 0.321), CAL (p = 0.7568), or BOP values (p = 0.3549) over SRP alone. Conclusions: Adjunctive subgingivally delivered antiseptics with a sustained-release delivery have significant clinical benefits compared to SRP alone.
Prognostic and diagnostic value of circRNA expression in colorectal carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Jinpeng , Guo Dongming , Li Xinxin , Chen Juntian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are new stars in the network of noncoding RNAs and are regarded as key control factors in numerous tumours. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical, prognostic and diagnostic role of circRNAs in colorectal cancer. The quality of all the articles were assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Methods: An online search in electronic databases, including the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science online databases, was conducted to identify as many relevant papers as possible. Nineteen relevant studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, with seven on diagnosis, eight on prognosis and 11 on clinicopathological features. Results: For the diagnostic value of circRNAs, the pooled results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.82 for identifying patients with colorectal cancer, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 72%. In terms of prognosis, carcinogenic circRNAs have a negative effect on overall survival (OS: HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.50-3.52), and increases in tumour suppressor circRNA expression are associated with longer survival (OS: HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22-0.64). And the elevated expression of oncogenic circRNAs is associated with poor clinical features while tumor suppressor circRNAs are the complete opposite. Conclusions: These results suggest that circRNAs may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
Clinical value of histologic dating of the endometrium for personalized frozen-thawed embryo transfer (pFET) in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) in natural cycles
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Xiaofeng , liao Jingnan , Fan Xiangxiu , Hu Yongbin , Gan Runxin , Lu Guangxiu , Lin Ge , Gong Fei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Displacement of the window of implantation (WOI) has been proposed as an important factor contributing to RIF. However, histologic dating of the endometrium as a diagnostic tool of endometrial receptivity has been questioned. Methods: This is a prospective intervention trial that entailed 205 infertile patients from July 2017 to December 2017. Endometrial biopsies from 50 good-prognosis patients were conducted on day 3 (n=6), 5 (n=6), 7 (n=26), 9 (n=6) or 11 (n=6) post-ovulation (PO+3/5/7/9/11) of the previous natural cycle before their conventional frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle. We conducted endometrial biopsies of 155 RIF patients on day PO +7. Results: The verification of the Noyes criteria for endometrial dating was conducted at different times (PO +3/+5/+7/+9/+11) on 41 good-prognosis patients who achieved an ongoing pregnancy in their first conventional FET cycle after endometrial biopsy. The agreement between two pathologists for endometrial biopsy dating in infertile patients was determined to be acceptable (weighted kappa = 0.672, P < 0.001). The rate of out-of-phase dating on day PO+7 was significantly higher in RIF patients than good- prognosis patients (31.6% vs . 3.8%, P=0.003). pFET was performed in 47 RIF patients diagnosed to be out of phase, and the cumulative live-birth rate was 61.7%. Conclusions: Histologic endometrial dating of RIF patients in natural cycles may be a biomarker for a receptive endometrium in diagnosing the displacement of WOI.
Interference of functional dual-tasks on gait in untrained people with Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls: cross-sectional study
Authors: Valenzuela Constanza San Martín , Dueñas-Moscardó Lirios , López-Pascual Juan , Serra-Añó Pilar , Miguel José Manuel Tomás 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In Parkinson’s disease (PD) population, performing secondary tasks while walking further deteriorates gait and restrict mobility in functional contexts of daily life. This study (1) analyzed the interference of functional cognitive and motor secondary task on untrained people with PD and (2) compared their walking with healthy subjects.
Methods : Forty people with PD (aged 66.72 [7.5] years, Hoehn and Yahr stage I-II-III on-medication) composed the PD group (PDG) and 43 participants (aged 66.60 [8.75] years) formed the group of healthy counterparts (HG). Gait was evaluated through spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic outcomes in five conditions: single task (ST) and visual, verbal, auditory and motor dual-task (DT).
Results : The velocity, stride length, and braking force of both groups were statistically higher in the ST than in all DT conditions, and significantly lower in double support time and midstance force.. The same pattern was observed between ST and visual condition on stride length, double support time and braking force for all participants. In addition, the PDG exhibited a shorter double support time and midstance force, and showed a higher braking force in the visual than in the verbal DT, as well as a wider stride in the visual than in the motor condition. PDG participants had a significantly lower performance than the HG in all the variables analyzed except for the maximum hip extension in the stance phase.
Conclusions : In untrained participants with PD, verbal and motor secondary tasks affect gait significantly, while auditory and visual tasks interfere to a lesser extent. Untrained people with PD have a poorer gait performance than their healthy counterparts, but in different grades according to the analyzed variables.
Healthcare Access and Adverse Family Impact among U.S. Children ages 0-5 years by Prematurity Status
Authors: Lindly Olivia J. , Crossman Morgan K. , Shui Amy M. , Kuo Dennis Z. , Earl Kristen M. , Kleven Amber R. , Perrin James M. , Kuhlthau Karen A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Many children and their families are affected by premature birth. Yet, little is known about their healthcare access and adverse family impact during early childhood. This study aimed to (1) examine differences in healthcare access and adverse family impact among young children by prematurity status and (2) determine associations of healthcare access with adverse family impact among young children born prematurely.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children’s Health data. The sample included 19,482 U.S. children ages 0-5 years including 242 very low birthweight (VLBW) and 2,205 low birthweight and/or preterm (LBW/PTB) children. Prematurity status was defined by VLBW (i.e., <1,500 grams at birth) and LBW/PTB (i.e., 1,500-2,499 grams at birth and/or born at <37 weeks with or without LBW). Healthcare access measures were adequate health insurance, access to medical home, and developmental screening receipt. Adverse family impact measures were ≥$1,000 in annual out-of-pocket medical costs, having a parent cut-back or stop work, parental aggravation, maternal health not excellent, and paternal health not excellent. The relative risk of each healthcare access and adverse family impact measure was computed by prematurity status. Propensity weighted models were fit to estimate the average treatment effect of each healthcare access measure on each adverse family impact measure among children born prematurely (i.e., VLBW or LBW/PTB).Results: Bivariate analysis results showed that VLBW and/or LBW/PTB children generally fared worse than other children in terms of medical home, having a parent cut-back or stop working, parental aggravation, and paternal health. Multivariable analysis results only showed, however, that VLBW children had a significantly higher risk than other children of having a parent cut-back or stop work. Adequate health insurance and medical home were each associated with reduced adjusted relative risk of ≥$1,000 in annual out-of-pocket costs, having a parent cut-back or stop work, and parental aggravation among children born prematurely.Conclusions: This study’s findings demonstrate better healthcare access is associated with reduced adverse family impact among U.S. children ages 0-5 years born prematurely. Population health initiatives should target children born prematurely and their families.
Genomic and transcriptomic survey of an endophytic fungus Calcarisporium arbuscula NRRL 3705 and potential overview of its secondary metabolites
Authors: Cheng Jintao , Cao Fei , Chen Xinai , Li Yongquan , Mao Xuming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Secondary metabolites as natural products from endophytic fungi are important sources of pharmaceuticals. However, there is currently little understanding of endophytic fungi at the omics levels about their potential in secondary metabolites. Calcarisporium arbuscula , an endophytic fungus from the fruit bodies of Russulaceae, produces a variety of secondary metabolites with anti-cancer, anti-nematode and antibiotic activities. A comprehensive survey of the genome and transcriptome of this endophytic fungus will help to understand its capacity to biosynthesize secondary metabolites and will lay the foundation for the development of this precious resource.
Results: In this study, we reported the high-quality genome sequence of C. arbuscula NRRL 3705 based on Single Molecule Real-Time sequencing technology. The genome of this fungus is over 45 Mb in size, larger than other typical filamentous fungi, and comprises 10,001 predicted genes, encoding at least 762 secretory-proteins, 386 carbohydrate-active enzymes and 177 P450 enzymes. 398 virulence factors and 228 genes related to pathogen-host interactions were also predicted in this fungus. Moreover , 65 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were revealed, including the gene cluster for the mycotoxin aurovertins. In addition, several gene clusters were predicted to produce mycotoxins, including aflatoxin, alternariol, destruxin, citrinin and isoflavipucine. Notably, two independent gene clusters were shown that are potentially involved in thebiosynthesis of alternariol. Furthermore, RNA-Seq assays showed that only expression of the aurovertin gene cluster is much stronger than expression of the housekeeping genes under laboratory conditions, consistent with the observation that aurovertins are the predominant metabolites. Gene expression of the remaining 64 gene clusters for compound backbone biosynthesis was all lower than expression of the housekeeping genes, which partially explained poor production of other secondary metabolites in this fungus.
Conclusions : Our omics data, along with bioinformatics analysis, indicated that C. arbuscula NRRL 3705 contains a large number of biosynthetic gene clusters and has a huge potential to produce a profound number of secondary metabolites. This work also provides the basis for development of endophytic fungi as a new resource of natural products with promising biological activities.
Keywords: Endophytic Fungus, Calcarisporium arbuscula , Genome, Transcriptome, Secondary Metabolite
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) used in childhood caries management has potent antifungal activity against oral Candida species
Authors: Fakhruddin Kausar Sadia , Egusa Hiroshi , Ngo Hien Chi , Panduwawala Chamila , Pesee Siripen , Thenmozhi Venkatachalam , Samaranayake Lakshman 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The microbiome of Severe-Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC), is characterized by an ecosystem comprising bacterial and fungal species, with a predominance of Candida species. Hence, an anti-cariogen effective against both bacteria and fungi would be valuable in the management of S-ECC.
Here we evaluate the antifungal effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) against 35-clinical yeast isolates (Ten-each of C. albicans , C. krusei, C. tropicalis and five C. glabrata strains) from dentinal caries-lesions from S-ECC.
Results: Disc-diffusion and time-kill assays as well as MIC 50 and MIC 90 evaluations against therapeutic concentrations confirmed the broad-spectrum anti-candidal potency of SDF. Ultrastructural images revealed morphologic aberrations of yeast-cell walls on exposure to SDF. All C. krusei and C. glabrata isolates were significantly more sensitive to SDF, relative to the standard antifungal fluconazole. Further, SDF appears to effectively abrogate filamentation of C. albicans even at very low concentrations.
Conclusions: Our data, for the first time, elucidate the anti-candidal potency of SDF, in addition to its known antibacterial activity, in the management of S-ECC.
Profiling of Koumiss Microbiota and Organic Acids and their Effects on Koumiss Taste
Authors: Tang Hai , Ma Huimin , Hou Qiangchuan , Li Weicheng , Xu Haiyan , Liu Wenjun , Sun Zhihong , Haobisi Halatu , Menghe Bilige 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Koumiss is a naturally fermented mare’s milk. Over recent decades, numerous studies have revealed the diversity of lactic acid bacteria in koumiss. However, there is limited information available regarding its secondary major component yeast profile.

Results

A total of 119 bacterial and 36 yeast species were identified among the 14 koumiss samples. The dominant bacterial species in koumiss were Lactobacillus helveticus , Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens , Lactococcus lactis , Lactococcus raffinolactis , and Citrobacter freundii. The main yeast species were Dekkera anomala , Kazachstania unispora , Meyerozyma caribbica , Pichia sp.BZ159 , Kluyveromyces marxianus , and uncultured Guehomyces . The bacterial and yeast Shannon diversity of the Xilinhaote-urban group were higher than those of the Xilingol-rural group. The most dominant organic acids were lactic, acetic, tartaric, and malic acids. Lactic acid bacteria species were mostly responsible for the accumulation of those organic acids, although Kazachstania unispora , Dekkera anomala , and Meyerozyma caribbica may also have contributed. Redundancy analysis suggested that both bacteria and yeast respond to koumiss flavor, such as Lactobacillus helveticus and Dekkera anomala are associated with sourness, astringency, bitterness, and aftertaste, whereas Lactococcus lactis and Kazachstania unispora are associated with umami.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that differences were observed in koumiss microbiota of Xilinhaote-urban and Xilingol-rural samples. The biodiversity of the former was higher than the latter group. Positive or negative correlations between bacteria and yeast microbiota and taste also were found.