bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of whole egg v. egg white ingestion during 12 weeks of resistance training on skeletal muscle regulatory markers in resistance-trained men
Authors: Bagheri Reza , Hooshmand Moghadam Babak , Jo Edward , Tinsley Grant M. , Stratton Matthew T. , Ashtary-Larky Damoon , Eskandari Mozhgan , Wong Alexei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEggs are considered a high-quality protein source for their complete amino acid profile and digestibility. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of whole egg (WE) v. egg white (EW) ingestion during 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on the skeletal muscle regulatory markers and body composition in resistance-trained men. Thirty resistance-trained men (mean age 24·6 (sd 2·7) years) were randomly assigned into the WE + RT (WER, n 15) or EW + RT (EWR, n 15) group. The WER group ingested three WE, while the EWR group ingested an isonitrogenous quantity of six EW per d immediately after the RT session. Serum concentrations of regulatory markers and body composition were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Significant main effects of time were observed for body weight (WER 1·7, EWR 1·8 kg), skeletal muscle mass (WER 2·9, EWR 2·7 kg), fibroblast growth factor-2 (WER 116·1, EWR 83·2 pg/ml) and follistatin (WER 0·05, EWR 0·04 ng/ml), which significantly increased (P < 0·05), and for fat mass (WER –1·9, EWR –1·1 kg), transforming growth factor-β1 (WER –0·5, EWR −0·1 ng/ml), activin A (WER –6·2, EWR –4·5 pg/ml) and myostatin (WER –0·1, EWR –0·06 ng/ml), which significantly decreased (P < 0·05) in both WER and EWR groups. The consumption of eggs absent of yolk during chronic RT resulted in similar body composition and functional outcomes as WE of equal protein value. EW or WE may be used interchangeably for the dietary support of RT-induced muscular hypertrophy when protein intake is maintained.
‘Asram is really killing us here’: attribution for pregnancy losses and newborn mortality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Bakari Ashura , Bell April J. , Oppong Samuel , Woodford Jessica , Kaselitz Elizabeth , Moyer Cheryl A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile overall neonatal mortality rates are improving in Ghana, the Ashanti Region has the highest mortality rate in the country. The clinical causes of newborn deaths are well known, yet local beliefs about illness aetiology, cause of death and care-seeking are less well understood. This exploratory qualitative study sought to understand how community members perceive and respond to neonatal illness. Researchers worked with public health nurses, community health nurses and opinion leaders in the Ashanti Region of Ghana to identify women who had lost a baby, either during pregnancy or after delivery. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted about knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding neonatal mortality. The transcripts were coded and analysed using NVivo 10.0. A total of 100 participants were interviewed: 24% reported a previous stillbirth; 37% reported a previous miscarriage; and 45% reported losing a baby who was born alive. Nine per cent experienced more than one type of loss. The local illness of asram – an illness with supernatural causes – was cited as a leading cause of death of newborns. Every participant reported hearing of, knowing someone, or having a child who had become ill with asram. While women gave varying information on symptoms, method of contraction and treatment, all participants agreed that asram was common and often fatal. Four overarching themes emerged: 1) asram is not a hospital sickness; 2) there is both a fear of traditional healers as a source of asram, as well as a reliance upon them to cure asram; 3) there are rural/urban differences in perceptions of asram; and 4) asram may serve as a mechanism of social control for pregnant women and new mothers. Local beliefs and practices must be better understood and incorporated into health education campaigns if neonatal mortality is to be reduced in Ghana.
Emerging trends of the illegal wildlife trade in Mesoamerica
Authors: Gluszek Sarah , Ariano-Sánchez Daniel , Cremona Patricia , Goyenechea Alejandra , Luque Vergara Darío Antonio , Mcloughlin Lee , Morales Alejandro , Reuter Cortes Adrian , Rodríguez Fonseca Javier , Radachowsky Jeremy , Knight Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMesoamerica is the world's third largest biodiversity hotspot and has c. 4,000 wildlife species protected under CITES. Despite the high biodiversity in the region, there is limited global attention, data and funding for conservation. The continued exploitation of wildlife species for the trade requires a more proactive approach to address emerging trends, and low-cost and effective solutions to prevent species decline. Over a 5-month period in 2017, we used expert-driven horizon scanning, facilitated online, to identify emerging trends of the illegal wildlife trade in Mesoamerica. We found that the main emerging trends included digital and technological advancements, greater regional access to the global community, developments in trafficking techniques and growing demand for certain species. Our findings demonstrate that horizon scanning can be used as a tool for identifying emerging trends of illegal wildlife trade in data-poor contexts. We recommend that horizon scanning is used regularly for systematic monitoring of trends and to prioritize resources for immediate and emerging trends in illegal wildlife trade.
Resuscitating Patient Rights during the Pandemic: COVID-19 and the Risk of Resurgent Paternalism
Authors: FINS JOSEPH J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 Pandemic a stress test for clinical medicine and medical ethics, with a confluence over questions of the proportionality of resuscitation. Drawing upon his experience as a clinical ethicist during the surge in New York City during the Spring of 2020, the author considers how attitudes regarding resuscitation have evolved since the inception of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders decades ago. Sharing a personal narrative about a DNR quandry he encountered as a medical intern, the author considers the balance of patient rights versus clinical discretion, warning about the risk of resurgent physician paternalism dressed up in the guise of a public health crisis.
Preparing a young palliative care unit for the COVID-19 pandemic in a teaching hospital in Ghana
Authors: Ofosu-Poku Rasheed , Anyane Gladys , Agbeko Anita Eseenam , Dzaka Alberta Delali , Owusu-Ansah Michael , Appiah Mary Owusu , Spangenberg Kathryn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated an interim restructuring of the healthcare system in accordance with public health preventive measures to mitigate spread of the virus while providing essential healthcare services to the public. This article discusses how the Palliative Care Team of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana has modified its services in accordance with public health guidelines. It also suggests a strategy to deal with palliative care needs of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and their families.
Curly Questions
Authors: Medland Sarah E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis letter reflects on my collaborations with Nick Martin over the past 18 years. Working together we have applied twin-family and statistical genetics methods to examine the genetic architecture and identify genetic variants influencing a range of physical, psychological and social traits. The common thread across much of this work has been the empirical questions: Why are we the way we are and how can this knowledge help us when things go wrong?
Behavior of Greigite‐Bearing Marine Sediments During AF and Thermal Demagnetization and Its Significance
Authors: Duan Zongqi , Liu Qingsong , Qin Huafeng , Zhao Xixi , Gao Xing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGyro‐remanent magnetization (GRM) is a frequently occurring yet unwanted remanence contamination for certain samples during alternating field (AF) demagnetization of the natural remanent magnetization. The origin and detailed properties of GRM have not yet been fully understood. In this study, systematic rock magnetic analyses were conducted on marine greigite‐bearing samples of Hole U1433A drilled by the IODP Expedition 349 from the South China Sea. Results show that GRM is mostly acquired above ~55 mT AF demagnetization and can be effectively removed by heating to ~400°C during thermal demagnetization but a secondary tail could remain until ~585°C. In addition, no apparent GRM was observed during the AF demagnetization for the 400°C thermally treated samples. These results strongly suggest that GRM is dominantly carried by single domain (SD) greigite but with minor contributions from SD magnetite. Thus, thermal treatment alone or the hybrid demagnetization (i.e., thermal demagnetization at ~400°C first then systematical AF demagnetization) can efficiently avoid the GRM acquisition and be beneficial for relative paleointensity estimation for greigite‐bearing samples. Besides, GRM carried by greigite has a low thermal stability. Our results also show AF demagnetization spectra of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) could be strongly distorted by GRM effects due to both have a preference of SD particles. Thus, the median destructive field of ARM is improper to be used as a coercivity proxy for greigite‐bearing samples. Instead, the biplot analysis of AF demagnetization of natural remanent magnetization and ARM can be used to evaluate the relative content of greigite.
Moment‐Duration Scaling of Low‐Frequency Earthquakes in Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Farge Gaspard , Shapiro Nikolaï M. , Frank William B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLow‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are detected within tremor, as small, repetitive, impulsive low‐frequency (1–8 Hz) signals. While the mechanism causing this depletion of the high‐frequency content of their signal is still debated, this feature may indicate that the source processes at the origin of LFEs are different from those for regular earthquakes. Key constraints on the LFE‐generating physical mechanisms can be obtained by establishing scaling laws between their seismic moment and source durations. Here we apply a simple spectral analysis method to the S waveforms of LFEs from Guerrero, Mexico, to measure their seismic moments and corner frequencies, a proxy to source duration. We find characteristic values of M0∼3×1012 N.m (Mw∼2.3) and fc∼3.0 Hz with the corner frequency very weakly dependent on the seismic moment. This moment‐duration scaling observed for Mexican LFEs is similar to one previously reported in Cascadia and is very different from the established one for regular earthquakes. This suggests that they could be generated by sources of nearly constant size with strongly varying intensities. LFEs do not exhibit the self‐similarity characteristic of regular earthquakes, suggesting that the physical mechanisms at their origin could be intrinsically different.
Rheological Transitions Facilitate Fault‐Spanning Ruptures on Seismically Active and Creeping Faults
Authors: van den Ende M. P. A. , Chen J. , Niemeijer A. R. , Ampuero J.‐P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhysical constraints on the seismogenic potential of major fault zones may aid in improving seismic hazard assessments, but the mechanics of earthquake nucleation and rupture are obscured by the complexity that faults display. In this work, we investigate the mechanisms behind giant earthquakes by employing a microphysically based seismic cycle simulator. This microphysical approach is directly based on the mechanics of friction as inferred from laboratory tests and can explain a broad spectrum of fault slip behavior. We show that regular earthquakes are controlled by the size and distribution of (nominally) frictionally unstable asperities, whereas fault‐spanning earthquakes are governed by a rheological transition occurring in creeping fault segments. Moreover, this facilitates the nucleation of giant earthquakes on faults that are weakly seismically coupled (i.e., creeping). This microphysically based approach offers opportunities for investigating long‐term seismic cycle behavior of natural faults.
Improved Constraints on Northern Extratropical CO2 Fluxes Obtained by Combining Surface‐Based and Space‐Based Atmospheric CO2 Measurements
Authors: Byrne B. , Liu J. , Lee M. , Baker I. , Bowman K. W. , Deutscher N. M. , Feist D. G. , Griffith D. W. T. , Iraci L. T. , Kiel M. , Kimball J. S. , Miller C. E. , Morino I. , Parazoo N. C. , Petri C. , Roehl C. M. , Sha M. K. , Strong K. , Velazco V. A. , Wennberg P. O. , Wunch D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTop‐down estimates of CO2 fluxes are typically constrained by either surface‐based or space‐based CO2 observations. Both of these measurement types have spatial and temporal gaps in observational coverage that can lead to differences in inferred fluxes. Assimilating both surface‐based and space‐based measurements concurrently in a flux inversion framework improves observational coverage and reduces sampling related artifacts. This study examines the consistency of flux constraints provided by these different observations and the potential to combine them by performing a series of 6‐year (2010–2015) CO2 flux inversions. Flux inversions are performed assimilating surface‐based measurements from the in situ and flask network, measurements from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), and space‐based measurements from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), or all three data sets combined. Combining the data sets results in more precise flux estimates for subcontinental regions relative to any of the data sets alone. Combining the data sets also improves the accuracy of the posterior fluxes, based on reduced root‐mean‐square differences between posterior flux‐simulated CO2 and aircraft‐based CO2 over midlatitude regions (0.33–0.56 ppm) in comparison to GOSAT (0.37–0.61 ppm), TCCON (0.50–0.68 ppm), or in situ and flask measurements (0.46–0.56 ppm) alone. These results suggest that surface‐based and GOSAT measurements give complementary constraints on CO2 fluxes in the northern extratropics and can be combined in flux inversions to improve constraints on regional fluxes. This stands in contrast with many earlier attempts to combine these data sets and suggests that improvements in the NASA Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) retrieval algorithm have significantly improved the consistency of space‐based and surface‐based flux constraints.
A Quantitative Tomotectonic Plate Reconstruction of Western North America and the Eastern Pacific Basin
Authors: Clennett Edward J. , Sigloch Karin , Mihalynuk Mitchell G. , Seton Maria , Henderson Martha A. , Hosseini Kasra , Mohammadzaheri Afsaneh , Johnston Stephen T. , Müller R. Dietmar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlate reconstructions since the breakup of Pangaea are mostly based on the preserved spreading history of ocean basins, within absolute reference frames that are constrained by a combination of age‐progressive hotspot tracks and paleomagnetic data. The evolution of destructive plate margins is difficult to constrain from surface observations as much of the evidence has been subducted. Seismic tomography can directly constrain paleotrench locations by imaging subducted lithosphere in the mantle. This new evidence, combined with the geological surface record of subduction, suggests that several intraoceanic arcs existed between the Farallon Ocean and North America during late Mesozoic times—in contrast to existing quantitative models that typically show long‐lived subduction of the Farallon plate beneath the continental margin. We present a continuously closing plate model for the eastern Pacific basin from 170 Ma to present, constrained using “tomotectonic analysis”—the integration of surface and subsurface data. During the Middle to Late Jurassic, we show simultaneous eastward and westward subduction of oceanic plates under an archipelago composed of Cordilleran arc terranes. As North America drifts westward, it diachronously overrides the archipelago and its arcs, beginning in the latest Jurassic. During and post‐accretion, Cordilleran terranes are translated thousands of kilometers along the continental margin, as constrained by paleomagnetic evidence. Final accretions to North America occur during the Eocene, ending ~100 Myr of archipelago override. This model provides a detailed, quantitative tectonic history for the eastern Pacific domain, paving the way for tomotectonic analysis to be used in other paleo‐oceanic regions.
Detecting Offshore Seismicity: Combining Backprojection Imaging and Matched‐Filter Detection
Authors: Feng Tian , Meng Lingsen , Huang Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn important manifestation of the background or coseismic deformation surrounding megathrust earthquakes is the offshore microseismicity, which are difficult to be directly detected by land‐based seismic instruments. Here, we improve the capability of detecting offshore events by combining two popular techniques: backprojection (BP) imaging and matched‐filter (MF) detection. The BP method is effective in retrieving offshore seismicity (Mw > 4.5) buried in the coda wave of large earthquakes. The capability of the MF method depends on the availability of the template pool; therefore, the BP‐inferred events can be used as additional templates to expand the MF detections (BP‐MF). We performed the BP‐MF approach in the period within 600 days after the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake. We find overall 44.2% more offshore events than those listed in the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog. In the near‐trench area, we detect 213% more events. Among the newly detected Mw > 4 events, the BP template contributions are twice more than those matched by the JMA templates. Based on the spatial consistency between aftershock‐depleted zones and large coseismic slip, we identify a possible large coseismic slip zone in the near‐trench region offshore Fukushima. Large b values (≥1.2) are found close to large aftershocks, possibly indicating localized pockets of small differential stresses. At several locations close to the trench, p values (0.93–1.11) are higher than those in the inland area (0.64–0.85). This may be due to the larger coseismic slip and hence larger stress drop of the outer‐rise normal‐faulting events compared to the deeper thrust‐faulting events.
Pressure-induced topological superconductivity in the spin–orbit Mott insulator GaTa4Se8
Authors: Park Moon Jip , Sim GiBaik , Jeong Min Yong , Mishra Archana , Han Myung Joon , Lee SungBin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLacunar spinel GaTa4Se8 is a unique example of spin–orbit coupled Mott insulator described by molecular jeff = 3/2 states. It becomes superconducting at Tc = 5.8 K under pressure without doping. In this work, we show, this pressure-induced superconductivity is a realization of a new type topological phase characterized by spin-2 Cooper pairs. Starting from first-principles density functional calculations and random phase approximation, we construct the microscopic model and perform the detailed analysis. Applying pressure is found to trigger the virtual interband tunneling processes assisted by strong Hund coupling, thereby stabilizing a particular d-wave quintet channel. Furthermore, we show that its Bogoliubov quasiparticles and their surface states exhibit novel topological nature. To verify our theory, we propose unique experimental signatures that can be measured by Josephson junction transport and scanning tunneling microscope. Our findings open up new directions searching for exotic superconductivity in spin–orbit coupled materials.
Spatiotemporal force and motion in collective cell migration
Authors: Saraswathibhatla Aashrith , Galles Emmett E. , Notbohm Jacob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCells move in collective groups in biological processes such as wound healing, morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. How active cell forces produce the motion in collective cell migration is still unclear. Many theoretical models have been introduced to elucidate the relationship between the cell’s active forces and different observations about the collective motion such as collective swirls, oscillations, and rearrangements. Though many models share the common feature of balancing forces in the cell layer, the specific relationships between force and motion vary among the different models, which can lead to different conclusions. Simultaneous experimental measurements of force and motion can aid in testing assumptions and predictions of the theoretical models. Here, we provide time-lapse images of cells in 1 mm circular islands, which are used to compute cell velocities, cell-substrate tractions, and monolayer stresses. Additional data are included from experiments that perturbed cell number density and actomyosin contractility. We expect this data set to be useful to researchers interested in force and motion in collective cell migration.
A longitudinal serum NMR-based metabolomics dataset of ischemia-reperfusion injury in adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Maltesen Raluca Georgiana , Wimmer Reinhard , Rasmussen Bodil Steen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and cardiac surgery is a key treatment. This study explores metabolite changes as a consequence of ischemia-reperfusion due to cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To describe the ischemia-reperfusion injury, metabolite changes were monitored in fifty patients before and after CPB at multiple time points. We describe a longitudinal metabolite dataset containing nearly 600 serum nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra obtained from samples collected simultaneously from the pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood) and left atrium (oxygenated blood) before ischemia (pre-CPB), immediately after reperfusion (end-CPB), and the following 2, 4, 8, and 20 hours postoperatively. In addition, a longitudinal dataset including 57 quantified metabolites is also provided. These datasets will help researchers studying ischemia-reperfusion injury, as well as the time-dependent alterations related to the surgical trauma and the subsequent processes required in regaining metabolite balance. The datasets could also be used for the development of processing algorithms for NMR-based metabolomics studies and methods for the analysis of longitudinal multivariate data.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Factors in Bangladesh: Application of Two-level Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Talukder Ashis , Hossain Md. Zobayer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study intends to explore the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated factors in Bangladesh. The necessary information was extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2011. In bivariate analysis, Chi-square test was performed to assess the association between selected covariates and diabetes status. A two-level logistic regression model with a random intercept at each of the individual and regional level was considered to identify the risk factors of DM. A total of 7,535 individuals were included in this study. From the univariate analysis, the prevalence of DM was found to be 33.3% in 50–54 age group for instance. In bivariate setup, all the selected covariates except sex of the participants were found significant for DM (p < 0.05). According to the two-level logistic regression model, the chance of occurring DM increases as age of the participants’ increases. It was observed that female participants were more likely to have DM. The occurrence of DM was 62% higher for higher educated participants, 42% higher for the individuals who came from rich family and 63% higher for the individuals having hypertension. The chance of developing diabetes among overweighed people was almost double. However, the individuals engaged in physical work had less chance to have DM. This study calls for greater attention of government and other concerned entities to come up with appropriate policy interventions to lower the risk of DM.