bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes With Drug‐Coated Balloons for De Novo Coronary Lesions: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Elgendy Islam Y. , Gad Mohamed M. , Elgendy Akram Y. , Mahmoud Ahmad , Mahmoud Ahmed N. , Cuesta Javier , Rivero Fernando , Alfonso Fernando 
Published: May 2020

Background
The role of drug‐coated balloons (DCBs) in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions is not well established.

Methods and Results

Electronic databases and major conference proceedings were searched for randomized controlled trials that compared DCBs with stents or angioplasty for de novo coronary lesions. The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization. Summary estimates were conducted using random‐effects analysis complemented by several subgroup and sensitivity analyses. A total of 14 randomized controlled trials with 2483 patients were included. At a mean follow up of 12 months, DCBs were associated with no difference in the incidence of target lesion revascularization as compared with alternative strategies (risk ratio [RR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.35–1.76). There was no difference in treatment effect based on the indication (ie, small‐vessel disease, myocardial infarction, bifurcation, or high bleeding risk) (
P
interaction
=0.22). DCBs were associated with lower target lesion revascularization compared with bare metal stents and similar target lesion revascularization compared with drug‐eluting stents (
P
interaction
=0.03). There was no difference between DCBs and control in terms of major adverse cardiac events, vessel thrombosis, or cardiovascular mortality. However, DCBs were associated with a lower incidence of myocardial infarction (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25–0.90) and all‐cause mortality (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22–0.94).

Conclusions
In patients with de novo coronary lesions, use of DCBs was associated with comparable clinical outcomes irrespective of the indication or comparator device. DCBs had a similar rate of target lesion revascularization compared with drug‐eluting stents. A randomized trial powered for clinical outcomes and evaluating the role of DCBs for all‐comers is warranted.
How to Chase a Monkey: Reforming the Oiharai Response to Crop-Feeding Macaques in Japan
Authors: Knight John 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research is about the reform of the farmer’s chase response to crop-damaging monkeys in Japan. It focuses on a campaign to transform this chase response, known as oiharai, from a simple field-side act of expulsion into a collective, extended, and high-threat (but non-lethal) pursuit aimed at deterring future monkey visits. A number of problems with the reform are identified, including, most fundamentally, a shortage of residents in today’s depopulated, ageing villages able to do the chasing. In order to overcome this obstacle, attempts are made to boost this depleted chase capacity using (human and nonhuman) surrogate chasers.
Do Social Constraints Inhibit Analytical Atheism? Cognitive Style and Religiosity in Turkey
Authors: Caldwell-Harris Catherine L. , Hocaoğlu Sevil , Morgan Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Recent studies claim that having an analytical cognitive style is correlated with reduced religiosity in western populations. However, in cultural contexts where social norms constrain behavior, such cognitive characteristics may have reduced influence on behaviors and beliefs. We labeled this the ‘constraining environments hypothesis.’ In a sample of 246 Muslims in Turkey, the hypothesis was supported for gender. Females face social pressure to be religious. Unlike their male counterparts, they were more religious, less analytical, and their analytical scores were uncorrelated with religiosity. We had predicted an analogous effect for the comparison between monolingual and bilingual students, since English-proficient students are exposed to a wider social environment. The bilingual students were less religious than the monolingual students, yet they were also less analytical. Thus, being analytical was not the path to lower religiosity for the bilingual students. Cognitive styles need to be studied along with social norms in a variety of cultures, to understand religion-cognition relationships.
Early Interculturation, Late Interculturation – Does It Make a Difference in Our Memories?
Authors: Oulahal Rachid , Denoux Patrick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Our research is in the perspective of intercultural psychology and addresses the question of memories an intercultural situation leaves for individuals who experience it during their life. More precisely, it is through the autobiographical memory that our research analyzes the articulation between identity and memory processes in relation to a life experience in an intercultural situation, whether it is a life in a multicultural environment, a migration towards a new cultural environment, a plurality of cultural affiliations or many other configurations that the present world is filled with and for which the cultures contact is put in the foreground.
The autobiographical memory retains representations of our past and plays a fundamental role in building a sense of identity and continuity of existence. Our article presents results from an analysis based on the life stories of 5 elderly subjects who had intercultural experiences. It would seem that early intercultural experience directs life discourse towards a principle of coherence in autobiographical memory, emphasizing what the participant was rather than what he achieved. On the other hand, Late intercultural experience orients it to a correspondence principle in autobiographical memory, attaching to actions and temporality of life experience and highlighting achievements rather than individuals self perception.
The enigmatic Amazonian genus Eutrachelophis: morphological evidence and description of new taxa (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontini)
Authors: Zaher Hussam , Prudente Ana L.C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Eutrachelophis contains two species – Eu. bassleri and Eu. steinbachi – that are known from the lowland rainforests of western Amazonia (Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia). Due to their unusual hemipenial morphology, they have been considered to belong to a separate tribe – Eutrachelophiini – of dipsadids. Here, we describe a new species of Eutrachelophis that fills an important morphological gap in the hemipenial pattern known for this genus. Although highly modified, apical disks are recognizable in the hemipenes of both species, supporting their inclusion in the tribe Xenodontini. We further allocate Eu. steinbachi in a new genus, due to the contrasting morphological disparities and lack of uniquely derived features shared with the remaining species of Eutrachelophis. The new genus can be distinguished from all other genera of Dipsadidae by the presence of deeply divided lobes with lobular projections that expand beyond the tip of the sulci, the latter ending on the middle surface of the lobes where it opens at the base of a small nude area considered to be the remnant of the Xenodontini apical disks. The two remaining species of Eutrachelophis retain well-developed Xenodontini apical disks that are expanded throughout the lobular region reaching each other’s edges at midline due to the fusion of both lobes in one unique structure. The condition observed in the genus Lygophis is morphologically intermediate between the highly specialized condition present in Eutrachelophis and the one known to characterize other Xenodontini, supporting the allocation of this genus in the tribe. (Zoobank: www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:96725BD0-D9E6-4A85-A4BD-D6BF988CFC5E)
Interpreting Silence?
Authors: Scott Charles E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The guiding question in this essay is, how might we speak of silence—interpret silence—without objectifying it and losing a sense of it in the way we speak of it. That means that prioritizing the value of direct linguistic language, comprehension (i.e. constructing a conceptual grasp), interpreting what other hermeneuts say about silence, or attempting to make it visible is not a viable option. The myths of Hermes and Metis, however, might be integral to the lineages of speaking and knowing that are more suited to speaking of silence than the lineages that arise out of biblical exegesis and modern/contemporary philosophy and theology. In the process of shifting to the value of those myths, the bonding of truth and goodness with stability and moral decency is displaced by the value of uncertainty and indirection. Throughout, the essay accepts the distinction between silences and silence and prioritizes awareness of silence in the silence accompanying awareness.
“I Want to be a Leader, But Men Are Better Than Women in Leadership Positions”
Authors: al-Mutawa Rana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research paper investigates female perceptions of female leadership in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where, particularly recently, state feminism has supported women’s occupation of leadership positions. It thus explores how state feminism’s portrayal of the ideal woman in leadership has impacted Emirati women’s perceptions of female leaders. A survey comprising 350 female Emirati students was undertaken, and results were supported by interviews. Findings suggest that although 93 percent of respondents “wanted to” or “probably wanted to” be leaders, they nevertheless endorsed “sexist” stereotypes and legitimizing myths. These contradictions are due, most likely, to ambivalent messages disseminated by the state and by society at large about female leaders. This research postulates that, while women have gained more agency in the public sphere through occupying leadership positions, their own perceptions and portrayals of acceptable gender roles are complex and ambivalent.
Saudi Women as Decision Makers: Analyzing the Media Portrayal of Female Political Participation in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Karolak Magdalena , Guta Hala 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes the contrasting media portrayals of female political participation in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Through a thorough discourse analysis of Saudi, British, and American newspaper articles surrounding the 2015 municipal elections, we scrutinize how the portrayal of women as a subject group has shifted from one that requires the constant approval of guardians in the public sphere to one that makes its own decisions and actively participates in politics. We analyze what types of discourses and frames have supported this drastic shift in official Saudi media discourses. We then contrast these findings with the portrayal of Saudi female political participation in Western countries that claim to uphold human rights and gender equality, in contrast to Saudi Arabia. Finally, we contrast our findings with the perceptions of 50 female Saudis regarding female agency and political participation in Saudi Arabia.
From Long-term Contract to Market: An RBC Perspective on International Negotiations of Iron Ore Prices in the Asia-Pacific Region, 2009–2010
Authors: Wang Yue , Tanaka Akira , Huang Xiaochun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The collapse of a long-term contract-based (LTC) benchmark system and the rise of a market-based index system in international negotiations of iron ore prices in the Asia-Pacific region has attracted much media attention. However, a systematic analysis of why and how such a change occurred from a negotiation point of view is absent. Drawing upon a relationship-behavior-conditions (RBC) perspective from the international business (IB) negotiation literature, this article investigates how negotiations between parties unfolded during the 2009–2010 period. Specifically, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the subject by evaluating the relationships between various negotiating parties, investigating some intriguing behaviors by negotiating parties, and identifying important conditions surrounding the negotiation process. The case of iron ore price negotiation also offers a vehicle to advance the RBC perspective in untangling complex IB negotiation problems and generate some broad implications for IB negotiation research and practices.
Research on the Beginnings of Cambodian Sinophone Literature
Authors: Lim Pierre-Mong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Based on research done in the National Archives of Cambodia on the Sino-Cambodian newspaper Mekong Yat Pao and its literary supplements, this report has two main objectives: firstly, since the field of Sinophone literature in the Cambodian Kingdom has seldom been researched, to write a general introduction to the history of the newspaper and its historical context; and then to describe in detail the contents of the literary supplements, trying to understand their development according to a periodization through which one can follow the evolution of the dominant literary genres and the parallel political events of the 1950–60s in Cambodia and mainland China.
Patient Data-Sharing for AI: Ethical Challenges, Catholic Solutions
Authors: Baric-Parker Jean , Anderson Emily E. 
Published: May 2020

Recent news of Catholic and secular healthcare systems sharing electronic health record (EHR) data with technology companies for the purposes of developing artificial intelligence (AI) applications has drawn attention to the ethical and social challenges of such collaborations, including threats to patient privacy and confidentiality, undermining of patient consent, and lack of corporate transparency. Although the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops’ Ethical and Religious Directives for Health Care Services ( ERDs) address collaborations between US Catholic healthcare providers and other entities, the ERDs do not adequately address the novel concerns seen in EHR data-sharing for AI development. Neither does the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rule. This article describes ethical and social problems observed in recent patient data-sharing collaborations with AI companies and analyzes them in light of the guiding principles of the ERDs as well as the 2020 Rome Call to AI Ethics ( RCAIE) document recently released by the Vatican. While both the ERDs and RCAIE guiding principles can inform future collaborations, we suggest that the next revision of the ERDs should consider addressing data-sharing and AI more directly. Summary: Electronic health record data-sharing with artificial intelligence developers presents unique ethical and social challenges that can be addressed with updated United States Catholic Conference of Bishops’ Ethical and Religious Directives and guidance from the Vatican’s 2020 Rome Call to AI Ethics.
Can financial rewards complement altruism to raise deceased organ donation rates?
Authors: Rasiah Rajah , Naghavi Navaz , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Nia Hamid Sharif 
Published: May 2020

Background: Organ supply–demand in developing countries worldwide has continued to widen. Hence, using a large survey (n ¼ 10,412), this study seeks to investigate whether human psychology could be used to inculcate philanthropy to raise deceased organ donation rates. Methods: Three models were constructed to examine multidimensional relationships among the variables. Structural equation modeling was applied to estimate the direct and indirect influence of altruism, financial incentives, donation perception, and socioeconomic status simultaneously on willingness to donate deceased organs. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the University of Malaya ethics committee. Results: The results show that altruism amplifies the impact of socioeconomic status and donation perception on willingness to donate. Also, the results show that financial incentives cannot complement altruism to raise organ donation rates. Hence, investing in education and public awareness enhances altruism in people, which then increases the propensity to donate. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that governments should allocate resources to increase public awareness about organ donation. Awareness programs about the importance of philanthropic donations and the participation of medical consultants at hospitals in the processes form the foundation of such a presumptive approach.
Marked Elevation in Serum Procalcitonin Levels Do Not Correlate With Severity of Disease or Mortality in Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Durrance Richard J , Ullah Tofura , Patel Harsh , Martinez Grace , Cervellione Kelly , Zafonte Veronica B , Gafoor Khalid , Bagheri Farshad 
Published: May 2020

Background: Bacteremia and sepsis are significant contributors to the morbidity, mortality, and economic burden of health care systems worldwide. Procalcitonin has been identified as a potentially useful marker of disease and severity in sepsis. However, the assumption that greater procalcitonin levels correlate with greater burden of disease has not been adequately studied. Methods: A retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to an urban teaching hospital with suspected sepsis was undertaken to test the association of elevated procalcitonin (>30 ng/mL) with other markers of sepsis (lactic acid, white blood cell count, percent bands), severity of disease (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation–II [APACHE II] scores), and mortality. Results: In total, 168 patients were identified over 18 months (42% ward, 11% Stepdown, 44% medical intensive care unit [MICU], 2% surgical intensive care unit (STICU), 1% gynecology [GYN]). The Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum procalcitonin level did not correlate with SOFA ( P = .238) or APACHE II ( P = .918) scores on admission, and did not correlate with survival (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = .937). However, higher serum procalcitonin levels were associated with patients who had positive blood cultures (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = .0016 for Gram-positive and P = .0007 for Gram-negative bacteria). Lactic acid levels on admission strongly correlated with SOFA APACHE II (the Spearman correlation, P < .0001 for both) and mortality ( P = .0001 for both). Conclusions: Higher serum procalcitonin levels above 30 ng/mL failed to correlate with indicators of sepsis, severity of disease (SOFA and APACHE II scores), and mortality but were associated with positive blood cultures. Lactic acid levels did show correlation to both severity of disease and mortality. Serum procalcitonin levels >30 ng/mL do not appear to correlate with the severity of disease in a sample of patients with markedly elevated initial procalcitonin levels.
Pattern of injuries and management of adolescent trauma in a combined adult and paediatric major trauma centre in United Kingdom
Authors: Anwar Fahim , Mee Harry , Allanson Judith , Mendis Elly , Hamilton Colin 
Published: May 2020

Background Major trauma is a leading cause of death and disability in 16–18-year olds in the UK. Since the launch of major trauma centres (MTCs) in 2012 in UK, survival rates have improved on the whole. The aim of this study was to look at the pathways of 16–18-year olds through one MTC and patterns of rehabilitation provision. Material and methods A retrospective case notes review of all trauma patients aged between 16 and 18 years admitted to one MTC between October 2012 and May 2018. Results One hundred forty-seven young people were identified. 67.3% were male with a mean age of 17.1 years. Motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause of injury (59.2%). Thirty-nine percent had a Glasgow Coma Scale at scene >13. Sixty-three percent were admitted to an adult intensive care unit (ICU), 5.4% to paediatric ICU and 31.3% directly to a ward. Admissions to rehabilitation ward came through adult services with no commissioned equivalent in those admitted to paediatrics. Mean length of stay was 18.1 days. 75.5% of patients were discharged home from the MTC. Discussion The majority of young people were admitted on to adult wards and were able to access commissioned services. However, such services do not provide for the specialist needs of young people, with no access to schooling or parent’s accommodation. Those who were admitted to children’s services missed out on commissioned rehabilitation pathways. Conclusion Young people of transition age often fall between services. For the first time, we illustrate injury patterns and the fragmented services seen in this vulnerable patient group.
The study of transcarotid artery revascularization under local versus general anesthesia with results from the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative
Authors: Mukherjee Dipankar , Collins Devon T , Liu Chang , Ha Neul , Jim Jeffrey 
Published: May 2020

Objective The primary purpose of this study was to examine any potential difference in clinical outcomes between transcarotid artery revascularization performed under local anesthesia compared with general anesthesia by utilizing a large national database. Methods The primary outcome of the study was a composite endpoint of postoperative in-hospital stroke, myocardial infarction and mortality following transcarotid artery revascularization for the index procedure. Secondary outcomes included a composite outcome of postoperative in-hospital stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction and mortality along with several subsets of its components and each individual component, flow reversal time (min), radiation dose (GY/cm2), contrast volume utilized (mL), total procedure time (min), extended total length of stay (>1 day) and extended postoperative length of stay (>1 day). Statistical analyses employed both descriptive measures to characterize the study population and analytic measures such as multivariable mixed-effect linear and logistic regressions using both unmatched and propensity-score matched cohorts. Results A total of 2609 patients undergoing transcarotid artery revascularization between the years 2016 and 2018 in the US were identified, with 82.3% performed under general anesthesia and 17.7% under local anesthesia. The primary composite outcome was observed in 2.3% of general anesthesia patients versus 2.6% of local anesthesia patients ( p = 0.808). The rate of postoperative transient ischemic attack and/or myocardial infarction was 1.6% with general anesthesia versus 1.1% with local anesthesia ( p = 0.511). For adjusted regression analysis, general anesthesia and local anesthesia were comparable in terms of primary outcome (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.27–1.93, p = 0.515). As for the secondary outcomes, no significant differences were found except for contrast, where the results demonstrated significantly less need for contrast with procedures performed under general anesthesia (coefficient: 4.94; 95% CI: 1.34–8.54, p = 0.007). A trend towards significance was observed for lower rate of postoperative transient ischemic attack and/or myocardial infarction (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.09–1.18, p = 0.088) and lower flow reversal time under local anesthesia (coefficient: –0.94: 95% CI: –2.1–0.22, p = 0.111). Conclusions Excellent outcomes from transcarotid artery revascularization for carotid stenosis were observed in the VQI database between the years 2016 and 2018, under both local anesthesia and general anesthesia. The data demonstrate the choice of anesthesia for transcarotid artery revascularization does not appear to have any effect on clinical outcomes. Surgical teams should perform transcarotid artery revascularization under the anesthesia type they are most comfortable with.