bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La «crise» sans fin de la modernité: naissance et avatars d’un thème chez Reinhart Koselleck
Authors: Escudier Alexandre 
Published: December 2020

La question de la «crise» a occupé Reinhart Koselleck sa vie durant. A partir de sa thèse de doctorat, Kritik und Krise (1954), elle a très tôt déterminé sa perception du monde moderne – des guerres civiles confessionnelles du XVIe siècle jusqu’au long cycle révolutionnaire de la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Dans sa première partie, l’article propose une analyse critique de Kritik und Krise. Sa conclusion intermédiaire est double. D’une part, il montre l’existence d’une triple surcharge philosophique de la démonstration koselleckienne (surchage schmittienne, cochinienne et löwithienne). D’autre part, il relève les principaux forçages interprétatifs et empiriques sur lesquels repose la thèse générale du livre. Dans sa seconde partie, l’article examine la manière dont cette première analyse de la «crise» par Koselleck évolue par la suite dans son œuvre à travers les thématiques de la «Sattelzeit», de la «temporalisation» (Verzeitlichung) et de l’«accélération» (Beschleunigung). L’article défend au final une double thèse : d’une part, l’idée que le premier Koselleck de Kritik und Krise fait moins œuvre d’historien que de critique généalogique de la modernité totalitaire ; d’autre part, l’idée que la sur-accentuation ultérieure de “l’«accélération» (en lieu et place de la «critique» crisogène moderne) a permis à Koselleck d’anticiper certains questionnements de l’anthropocène alors même que ses interrogations initiales relevaient d’une ontologie politique néo-hobbésienne peu à même de penser le tournant démocratique moderne.
Dopoguerra. Gli italiani fra speranze e disillusioni (1945-1947)
Authors: Gabrielli Patrizia 
Published: December 2020

Mario Avagliano, Marco Palmieri, Dopoguerra. Gli italiani fra speranze e disillusioni (1945-1947), Bologna, il Mulino, 2019, 496 págs., ISBN 8815283714 [Reseña]
III. Ahmed Devrinde Osmanlı Kur’an Kıraatı Geleneğine Bir Hicaz Pratiğini Dahil Etme Teşebbüsü: “Harf-i Dâd” Yahut “Velâ’d-Dâllîn” Tartışması
Authors: GEL Mehmet 
Published: December 2020

Bu makalede Ayasofya Camii vaizi Süleyman Efendi’nin
(ö. 1722) 1718 yılında İstanbul’da dâd ( ) harfinin telaffuz
ediliş şeklinin doğru olmadığı ve tashih edilmesi gerektiği
iddiasıyla başlattığı “harf-i dâd tartışması” incelenmektedir.
İlmî, fikrî, dinî ve içtimai birçok boyutu olan bu tartışma,
İstanbul’da ciddi bir sosyal kargaşa meydana getirmiş
ve nihayet Osmanlı merkezî iktidarının müdahalesiyle
noktalanmıştır. Söz konusu boyutların her biri açısından
ilgi çekici olan bu tartışma, özellikle Haremeyn ve Kahire
ilim çevrelerinin Osmanlı ilim geleneği ve dinî hayatı üzerindeki
etkisine ışık tutması bakımından önem arz etmektedir.
Bu sebeple, makalede öncelikle tartışmaya yol açan faktörler ve öne çıkan aktörlerinin ilişki ağlarına odaklanılmaktadır.
Sonrasında ise, Târîh-i Râşid, Vekâyiü’l-fudalâ,
Sadreddinzade’nin Ceride’si gibi birincil tarih ve biyografi
kaynaklarına ve meseleyle bağlantılı olarak yazılmış dâd
harfi konulu birçok risaleye dayalı olarak tartışma tasvir ve
tahlil edilmektedir. Makalede tartışma bir sosyal tarih meselesi
olarak ele alındığı için, kıraat ilmini ilgilendiren boyut
bu tasvir ve tahlillerin dışında kalmaktadır. Makalede bu
tasvir ve tahliller çerçevesinde tartışmanın sebebi, aktörleri,
ilmî-fikrî, dinî, içtimai, siyasi dinamikleri ve Osmanlı ilim
çevrelerindeki yansımaları hakkında birçok tespit, açıklama
ve yorum dile getirilmektedir.
Cultural Identity Formation: A Personal Narrative
Authors: Carbajal Jose 
Published: December 2020

This paper provides personal experiences and perceptions of being a minoritized individual. This is the story of a professional social worker learning to adapt to social norms and expectations of self. He discusses the struggles he experienced as an adolescent and as a young adult attending college. Through this narrative, the role of faith and social work intersect, especially as a professional social worker. It is at this intersection that this social worker learns to live a holistic life without feeling discriminated against or ashamed of his identity. He begins to actualize a reality with imperfect beings who also struggle to maintain their identity as well. Thus, in this paper, the author provides a snapshot of his development as a minority in the United States.
Persona and Rebellion in Trickster Narratives. Case Study: Fleabag (BBC 2016-2019)
Authors: Bassil-Morozow Helena 
Published: December 2020

This paper brings together the concept of persona and the figure of the trickster to examine the dynamic between social norms and creative noncompliance, between the social mask and human authenticity, in moving image narratives. In particular, it looks at the female trickster challenging the female persona in recent television shows, primarily BBC’s Fleabag (2016-2019), using the previously outlined framework of trickster attributes (Bassil-Morozow 2012; Bassil-Morozow 2015).
The concept of persona is examined using a combination of Erving Goffman’s presentation of self theory and Jung’s persona concept. It is argued that the female persona – the artificial vision of socially acceptable femininity – is a particularly rigid psycho-social structure, comprising repressive and unrealistic expectations for women’s looks, bodies, and conduct in public situations. Using the nameless protagonist of Fleabag as a case study, the paper shows how the female trickster can challenge these prescribed attributes and expectations while defying the individual-controlling techniques: shame, social embarrassment, social rejection and ostracism.
“…we were like tourists in the theatre, the interns assisted almost all procedures…” Challenges facing the Assistant Medical Officers training for the performance of Caesarean section delivery in Tanzania
Authors: Sirili Nathanael , Anaeli Amani , Mselle Lilian , Nyongole Obadia Venance , Massawe Siriel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Training of mid-level providers is a task-sharing strategy that has gained popularity in the recent past for addressing the critical shortage of the health workforce. In Tanzania, training of mid-level providers has existed for over five decades, however, concerns are upon the quality of the mid-level cadres amidst the growing number of medical universities. This study sought to explore the challenges facing the Assistant Medical Officers training for the performance of Caesarean section delivery in Tanzania Methods: An exploratory qualitative case study was carried out in four regions to include one rural district in each of the selected regions and two AMOs Training Colleges in Tanzania. A semi-structured interview guide was used to interview 29 Key informants from the district hospitals, district management, regional management, AMOs training college, and one retired AMO. Also, four focus group discussions were conducted with 35 AMO trainees.Results: Training of AMOs in Tanzania faces many challenges. The challenges include; use of outdated and static curriculum, inadequate tutors (lack of teaching skills and experience of teaching adults), Inadequate teaching infrastructure in the existence of many other trainees to include interns, and limited or lack of scholarships and sponsorship for the AMO trainees. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore that the challenges facing AMO training for the performance of Caesarean section delivery have the potentials to negatively impact the quality of Caesarean section performed by this cadre. A holistic approach is needed in addressing these challenges. The solutions should focus on reviewing the curriculum, deploy qualified tutors, and improving the competencies of the available tutors through continuing medical education programmes. Furthermore, the government in collaboration with other stakeholders should work together to address the challenges on teaching infrastructure and financial support to this cadre that has continued to be the backbone of the primary health care in Tanzania. Long term solution should consider to deploy the medical officers at the primary facilities and phase out the performance of Caesarean section by the AMOs.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Real-Time PCR under challenging pre-analytical conditions reveals independence of swab media and cooling chain
Authors: Summer Sabrina , Schmidt Ralf , Herdina Anna Nele , Krickl Isabella , Madner Julia , Greiner Georg , Mayer Florian , Perkmann-Nagele Nicole , Strassl Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With global demand for SARS-CoV-2 testing ever rising, shortages in commercially available viral transport media pose a serious problem for laboratories and health care providers. For reliable diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, executed by Real-time PCR, the quality of respiratory specimens, predominantly determined by transport and storage conditions, is crucial. Therefore, our aim was to explore the reliability of minimal transport media, comprising saline and the CDC recommended Viral Transport Media (HBSS VTM), for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses (influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus and human metapneumovirus) compared to commercial products, such as the Universal Transport Media (UTM). We question the assumptions, that the choice of medium and temperature for storage and transport affect the accuracy of viral detection by RT-PCR. Both alternatives to the commercial transport medium (UTM), namely the CDC viral transport media (HBSS VTM) and saline, allow adequate detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, regardless of the storage temperature and time. Our study revealed the high resilience of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, enabling proper detection in clinical specimens even after long-time storage at high temperatures, independent of the transport medium’s composition.
A Bayesian Semi-Parametric Model for Thermal Proteome Profiling
Authors: Fang Siqi , Kirk Paul , Bantscheff Marcus , Lilley Kathryn , Crook Oliver 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The thermal stability of proteins can be altered when they interact with small molecules. Thus monitoring the thermal stability of proteins under various cellular perturbations can provide insights into protein function, as well as potentially determine drug targets and off-targets. Thermal proteome profiling is a multiplexed mass-spectrommetry method for monitoring the melting behaviour of thousands of proteins in a single experiment. In essence, thermal proteome profiling assumes that proteins denature upon heating and hence become insoluble. Thus, by tracking the relative solubility of proteins at sequentially increasing temperatures, one can report on protein thermal stability. Standard thermodynamics predicts a sigmoidal relationship between temperature and relative solubility and this is the basis of current statistical procedures. However, current methods do not model deviations from this behaviour and they do not quantify uncertainty in the melting profiles. To overcome these challenges, we propose Bayesian functional data analysis tools which allow complex temperature-solubility behaviours. Our methods have improved sensitivity over the state-of-the art, identify new drug-protein associations and have less restrictive assumptions than current approaches. Our methods allows for comprehensive analysis of proteins that deviate from the predicted sigmoid behaviour and we uncover potentially biphasic phenomena with a series of published datasets.
Posterior superior alveolar nerves contribute to sensation in the anterior teeth
Authors: Makishi Sanako , Tanaka Mikako , Kobayashi Taichi , Tanaka Ray , Hayashi Takafumi , Ohshima Hayato 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is no available data on the occurrence rate of a converged alveolar canal, the detailed three-dimensional (3D) courses of alveolar canals/grooves (ACGs), or the contribution of each superior alveolar nerve to each area in the maxilla. This study aimed to clarify the 3D courses of ACGs, the relationship between ACGs and superior alveolar nerves, and the contribution of posterior superior alveolar nerves (PSANs) using computed tomography (CT) with histological analysis. During the gross anatomy course at Niigata University, we investigated nine human cadavers. All anterior and posterior ACGs converged into the common alveolar canal, which contained blood vessels and several nerve bundles surrounded by perineurium, located at the nasal floor near the pyriform aperture. Histometrical analysis clarified that 16.3% of the nerve bundles in this canal were derived from PSANs, and 67% of the bundles were dispersed while they coursed down to the nasal floor. There seems to be no relationship between the density of nerve bundles in the canal and the number of remaining anterior teeth. Data obtained from observing the detailed 3D courses of anterior and posterior ACGs, and their relationship with superior alveolar nerves, suggests that PSANs partially contribute to the nociception of the anterior teeth.
Initiation of Hepatitis C treatment in two rural Rwandan districts: A mobile clinic approach
Authors: Kamali Innocent , Barnhart Dale , Nyirahabihirwe Francoise , Gakuru Jean de la Paix , Uwase Mariam , Nizeyumuremyi Esdras , Walker Stephen , Mazimpaka Christian , Gatete Jean de Dieu , Makuza Jean Damascene , Serumondo Janvier , Kateera Frederick , Ndahimana Jean d’Amour 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To eliminate hepatitis C, Rwanda is conducting national mass screenings and providing hepatitis C patients with free access to Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs). Until 2020, all prescribers trained and authorized to initiate DAA treatment were based at District Hospitals, and access to DAAs remains expensive and geographically difficult for rural patients. We designed and implemented a mobile hepatitis clinic to provide DAA treatment initiation at primary-level health facilities among hepatitis C patients identified through mass screening campaigns in rural Kirehe and Kayonza districts. Methods: The mobile clinic team was composed of one clinician trained and authorized to manage hepatitis, one lab technician, and one driver. Eligible patients received same-day clinical consultations, counselling, laboratory tests and DAA initiation. Using clinical databases, registers, and program records, we compared the number of patients who initiated DAA treatment before and during the mobile clinic campaign. We assessed linkage to care during the mobile clinical campaign and assessed predictors of linkage to care. We also estimated the cost per patient of providing mobile services and the reduction in out-of-pocket costs associated with accessing DAA treatment through the mobile clinic rather than the standard of care.Results: Prior to the mobile clinic, only 408 patients in Kirehe and Kayonza had been initiated on DAAs over a 25-month period. Between November 2019 and January 2020, out of 661 eligible patients with chronic hepatitis C, 429 (64.9%) were linked to care through the mobile clinic. Having a telephone number and complete address recorded at screening were strongly associated with linkage to care. The cost per patient of the mobile clinic program was 29.36 USD, excluding government-provided DAAs. Providing patients with same-day laboratory tests and clinical consultation at primary-level health facilities reduced out-of-pocket expenses by 9.88 USD. Conclusion: The mobile clinic model was a feasible strategy for providing rapid treatment initiation among hepatitis C patients identified through a mass screening campaign. Compared to the standard of care, mobile clinics reached more patients in a much shorter time. This low-cost strategy also reduced out-of-pocket expenditures among patients. However, long-term, sustainable care would require decentralization to the primary health-center level.
Age and Multimorbidities as Poor Prognostic Factors for COVID-19 in Hemodialysis: a Lebanese National Study
Authors: Aoun Mabel , Khalil Rabab , Mahfoud Walid , Fatfat Haytham , Khalil Line Bou , Alameddine Rashad , Afiouni Nabil , Ibrahim Issam , Hassan Mohamad , Zarzour Haytham , Jebai Ali , Khalil Nina Mourad , Tawil Luay , Mechref Zeina , Imad Zuhair El , Chamma Fadia , Khalil Ayman , Zeidan Sandy , Ghoul Balsam El , Dahdah Georges , Mouawad Sarah , Azar Hiba , Chahine Kamal Abou , Kallab Siba , Moawad Bashir , Fawaz Ahmad , Homsi Joseph , Tabaja Carmen , Delbany Maya , Kallab Rami , Hoballah Hassan , Haykal Wahib , Fares Najat , Rahal Walid , Mroueh Wael , Youssef Mohamad , Rizkallah Jamale , Sebaaly Ziad , Dfouni Antoine , Ghosn Norma , Nawfal Nagi , Jaoude Walid Abou , Bassil Nadine , Maroun Therese , Bassil Nabil , Beaini Chadia , Haddad Boutros , Moubarak Elie , Rabah Houssam , Attieh Amer , Finianos Serge , Chelala Dania 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHemodialysis patients with COVID-19 have been reported to be at higher risk for death than the general population. Several prognostic factors have been identified in the studies from Asian, European or American countries. This is the first national Lebanese study assessing the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 mortality in hemodialysis patients.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that included all chronic hemodialysis patients in Lebanon who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from 31st March to 1st November 2020. Data on demographics, comorbidities, admission to hospital and outcome were collected retrospectively from the patients' medical records. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess risk factors for mortality.ResultsA total of 231 patients were included. Mean age was 61.46 ± 13.99 years with a sex ratio of 128 males to 103 females. Around half of the patients were diabetics, 79.2% presented with fever. A total of 115 patients were admitted to the hospital, 59% of them within the first day of diagnosis. Hypoxia was the major reason for hospitalization. Death rate was 23.8% after a median duration of 6 (IQR, 2 to 10) days. Adjusted regression analysis showed a higher risk for death among older patients (odds ratio=1.038; 95% confidence interval: 1.013, 1.065), patients with heart failure (odds ratio=4.42; 95% confidence interval: 2.06, 9.49), coronary artery disease (odds ratio=3.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.69, 6.30), multimorbidities (odds ratio=1.593; 95% confidence interval: 1.247, 2.036), fever (odds ratio=6.66; 95% confidence interval: 1.94, 27.81), CRP above 100 mg/L (odds ratio=4.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.48, 15.30), and pneumonia (odds ratio=19.18; 95% confidence interval: 6.47, 56.83).ConclusionsThis national study identified older age, coronary artery disease, heart failure, multimorbidities, fever and pneumonia as risk factors for death in patients with COVID-19 on chronic hemodialysis. The death rate was comparable to other countries and estimated at 23.8%.
Micro size exclusion chromatography combined with a multiplex protein profiling method for extracellular vesicle protein detection from small sample volumes
Authors: Sun Li , Meckes David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small nanometer-sized membrane sacs secreted into biological fluids by all cells. EVs encapsulate proteins, RNAs and metabolites from its origin cell and play important roles in intercellular communication events. Over the past decade, EVs have become a new emerging source for cancer diagnostics. One of the challenges in the study of EVs and there utility as diagnostic biomarkers is the amount of EVs needed for traditional protein analysis methods. Here, we present a new immuno-PCR method that takes advantage of commercially available TotalSeq™ antibodies containing DNA conjugated oligos to identify immobilized protein analysts using real-time qPCR. Using this method, we demonstrate that multiple EV surface proteins can be profiled simultaneously with high sensitivity and specificity. This approach was also successfully applied to similar protocol using live cell and serum samples. We further described the development of a micro-size exclusion chromatography method, where we were able to detect EV surface proteins with as little as 10 μL of human serum when combined with immuno-PCR. Overall, these results show that the immuno-PCR method results in rapid detection of multiple EV markers from small sample volumes in a single tube.
Standardization of Three-Dimensional Pose of Cylindrical Implants From Intraoral Radiographs
Authors: Cosola Saverio , Toti Paolo , Peñarrocha-Diago Miguel , Covani Ugo , Brevi Bruno Carlo , Peñarrocha-Oltra David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo introduce a theoretical solution to a posteriori describe the pose of a cylindrical dental fixture as appearing on radiographs; to experimentally validate the method described.MethodsThe pose of a conventional dental implant was described by a triplet of angles (phi-pitch, theta-roll, and psi-yaw) which was calculated throughout vector analysis. Radiographic- and simulated-image obtained with an algorithm were compared to test effectiveness, reproducibility, and accuracy of the method. The length of the dental implant as appearing on the simulated image was calculated by the trigonometric function and then compared with real length as it appeared on a two-dimensional radiograph. ResultsTwenty radiographs were analyzed for the present in silico and retrospective study. Among 40 fittings, 37 resulted as resolved with residuals ≤1mm. Similar results were obtained for radiographic and simulated implants with absolute errors of -1.1±3.9° for phi; -0.9±4.1° for theta; 0±1.1° for psi. The real and simulated length of the implants appeared to be heavily correlated. Linear dependence was verified by the results of the robust linear regression: 0.9757 (slope), +0.1344mm (intercept), and an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.9054.ConclusionsThe method allowed clinicians to calculate, a posteriori, a single real triplet of angles (phi,theta,psi) by analyzing a two-dimensional radiograph and to identify cases where standardization of repeated intraoral radiographies was not achieved. The a posteriori standardization of two-dimensional radiographs could allowed the clinicians to minimize the patient's exposure to ionizing radiations for the measurement of marginal bone levels around dental implants.Trial registrationThe Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of University of Pisa approved present retrospective data analysis (Ethical Approval Form 2626/2008 Protocol Number 58183)