bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma parameters in positive voltage pulses of bipolar HiPIMS discharge determined by Langmuir probe with a sub-microsecond time resolution
Authors: Pajdarová Andrea Dagmar , Kozák Tomáš , Hubička Zdeněk , Čada Martin , Mareš Pavel , Čapek Jiří 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We have determined the local plasma parameters using the Langmuir probe measurements with a sub-microsecond time resolution during positive voltage pulses of a bipolar high-power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge using an unbalanced magnetron with a titanium target. The effects of the positive voltage pulse amplitude and the delay between the negative voltage pulse end and the positive voltage pulse initiation are investigated as well as the spatial dependence of the plasma parameters at three distances from the target. From the results, the values of the average energy flux of ions during the positive voltage pulse to the substrate are estimated. We have found that the time evolution of the plasma parameters has similar developments which are independent of the positive voltage pulse parameters and the distance from the target, although the values of the plasma parameters are different. During the initial part of the positive voltage pulse, a large difference (up to 200 V) between the plasma and the floating potential accompanied by a high electron temperature (up to 150 eV) and a significant decrease of electron density (up to one order of magnitude) is registered. After this part, the difference of the potentials and the electron temperature are low (<2 V and ≲1 eV, respectively). The short delays between the negative voltage pulse end and the positive voltage pulse initiation as well as the higher positive voltage amplitudes have a beneficial effect on the average energy flux of ions during the positive voltage pulse to the grounded and insulated substrates.
Unbalanced radial current flow simulation of no-insulation REBCO pancake coils during normal state transition
Authors: Kurauchi Thomas , Noguchi So 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The no-insulation (NI) winding technique greatly enhances the thermal stability of REBCO (REBa2Cu3O
x
, RE = Rare Earth) pancake coils by avoiding burn-out and thermal runaway. The complicated electrical behaviors in NI REBCO pancake coils produce convoluted mechanical behaviors, so that some journal papers reported that high-field NI REBCO pancake coils were mechanically damaged during quench. To apply NI REBCO magnets for practical commercial use, it is important to understand the electromagnetic and mechanical behaviors of NI REBCO pancake coils in detail with both experiments and simulations. To clarify the electrical behaviors, a few simulation methods for NI REBCO pancake coils have been proposed; such as a simple RL parallel equivalent circuit. In these previous models, the radial current paths along the top and bottom of the pancake coils are represented as one current circuit path. However, since the radial current path of the bottom of one pancake coil is actually very close to that of the top of the next lowest coil, inductive behavior between these two paths appears. The simulation results show a probability that different amounts of radial current on the top and bottom of one pancake coil are carried during quench.
Monte-Carlo wavefunction approach for the spin dynamics of recombining radicals
Authors: Keens Robert H , Kattnig Daniel R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We adapt the Monte-Carlo wavefunction (MCWF) approach to treat the open-system spin dynamics of radical pairs subject to spin-selective recombination reactions. For these systems, non-Lindbladian master equations are widely employed, which account for recombination via the non trace-preserving Haberkorn superoperator in combination with reaction-dependent exchange and singlet–triplet dephasing terms. We show that this type of master equation can be accommodated in the MCWF approach, by introducing a second type of quantum jump that accounts for the reaction simply by suitably terminating the propagation. In this way, we are able to evaluate approximate solutions to the time-dependent radical pair survival probability for systems that have been considered untreatable with the master equation approach until now. We explicate the suggested approach with calculations for radical pair reactions that have been suggested to be relevant for the quantum compass of birds and related phenomena.
Topological superconductivity facilitated by exchange interaction on the surface of FeTe0.5Se0.5
Authors: Yang Chih-Kai , Lee Chi-Hsuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
FeTe1−x
Se
x
is a family of iron-based superconductors with a well-known critical temperature (T
c) of 14.5 K for x = 0.45. Also well-established is the presence of topological surface states of FeTe0.55Se0.45 in which topological superconductivity sets in. By using density functional calculations and the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory for traditional superconductors we calculated the T
c of the surface layers of FeTe0.5Se0.5 with the exchange interaction as the source of attractive force to form the Cooper pairs. The estimated T
c is in reasonable agreement with the experimental value and suggests that the exchange interaction is behind the topological superconductivity on the surface of FeTe0.55Se0.45.
Possibility of observation of hidden-bottom pentaquark resonances in bottomonium photoproduction on protons and nuclei near threshold
Authors: Paryev E. Ya. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the

meson photoproduction on protons and nuclei at near-threshold center-of-mass energies below 11.4 GeV (or at the corresponding photon laboratory energies

below 68.8 GeV). We calculate the absolute excitation functions for the nonresonant and resonant photoproduction of

mesons off protons at incident photon laboratory energies of 63-68 GeV by considering direct (

) and two-step (

,

,

)

production channels within different scenarios for the nonresonant total cross section of the elementary reaction

and for branching ratios of the decays

,

, and

. We also calculate an analogous function for the photoproduction of

mesons on the 12C and 208Pb target nuclei in the near-threshold center-of-mass beam energy region of 9.0-11.4 GeV by considering the respective incoherent direct (

) and two-step (

,

,

and

,

,

)

) production processes using a nuclear spectral function approach. We demonstrate that a detailed scan of the

total photoproduction cross section on proton and nuclear targets in the near-threshold energy region in future high-precision experiments at the proposed high-luminosity electron-ion colliders EIC and EicC in the US and China should provide a definite result for or against the existence of the nonstrange hidden-bottom pentaquark states

and

(

=1, 2, 3) as well as clarify their decay rates.
Glial cell responses on tetrapod-shaped graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide 3D scaffolds in brain in vitro and ex vivo models of indirect contact
Authors: Schmitt Christina , Rasch Florian , Cossais François , Held-Feindt Janka , Lucius Ralph , Vázquez Adrian Romani , Nia Ali Shaygan , Lohe Martin R , Feng Xinliang , Mishra Yogendra K , Adelung Rainer , Schütt Fabian , Hattermann Kirsten 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Brain implants are promising instruments for a broad variety of nervous tissue diseases with a wide range of applications, e.g. for stimulation, signal recording or local drug delivery. Recently, graphene-based scaffold materials have emerged as attractive candidates as neural interfaces, 3D scaffolds, or drug delivery systems due to their excellent properties like flexibility, high surface area, conductivity, and lightweight. To date, however, there is a lack of appropriate studies of the foreign body response, especially by glial cells, towards graphene-based materials. In this work, we investigated the effects of macroscopic, highly porous (>99.9%) graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (conductivity ∼1 S m−1) scaffolds with tailorable macro- and microstructure on human astrocyte and microglial cell viability and proliferation as well as expression of neuroinflammation and astrogliosis associated genes in an indirect contact approach. In this in vitro model, as well as ex vivo in organotypic murine brain slices, we could demonstrate that both GO and rGO based 3D scaffolds exert slight effects on the glial cell populations which are the key players of glial scar formation. These effects were in most cases completely abolished by curcumin, a known anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drug that could in perspective be applied to brain implants as a protectant.
Power supply efficiency in dual magnetron large area sputter coatings
Authors: Heintze Moritz , Swiatnicki Jakub 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In large area sputter coating of glass, the consumption of electric power is one of the major cost drivers. This applies especially to dielectric transparent coatings which are relatively thick and for which sputter yields and rates can be rather low. These materials are usually sputtered from dual magnetrons using medium frequency (sine wave) or bipolar (square wave) power supplies at frequencies up to 100 kHz. Frequencies at 50 kHz or higher are beneficial for suppressing arcing on the target surface, and the power required to achieve viable sputter rates is often high, making the power consumption a significant cost contribution. In this study we look at the effect of the power supply technology and frequency on the sputter rate and the sputtered layer thickness per electrical energy input. The tests were carried out with aluminum dual planar targets and with TiOx dual rotary targets. At low frequencies around 20 kHz, the bipolar generator can yield about 10% higher sputtering rates at the same input power. At about 40 kHz, which is often chosen to minimize arcing, the rates from the two power supplies are about equal.
What Makes Opportunistic GP Interventions Effective? An Analysis of Behavior Change Techniques Used in 237 GP-Delivered Brief Interventions for Weight Loss
Authors: Bourhill Jana , Lee Joseph J , Frie Kerstin , Aveyard Paul , Albury Charlotte 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Evidence shows that clinician-delivered brief opportunistic interventions are effective in obesity, and guidelines promote their use. However, there is no evidence on how clinicians should do this, and guidelines are not based on clinical evidence.

Purpose
A trial (Brief Interventions for Weight Loss [BWeL]) showed that brief opportunistic interventions on obesity that endorsed, offered, and facilitated referral to community weight management service (CWMS) led to 77% agreeing to attend, and 40% attending CWMS, as well as significantly greater weight loss than control at 12 months. We assessed which behavior change techniques (BCTs) doctors used that were associated with CWMS attendance.

Methods
We coded 237 recorded BWeL interventions using the behavioral change techniques version one taxonomy. We also coded the BWeL training video to examine delivery of recommended BCTs. Mixed effects logistic regression assessed the association between each BCT, the total number of BCTs, and delivery of recommended BCTs, with patient’s agreement to attend and actual CWMS attendance.

Results
Of 237 patients, 133 (56%) agreed to attend and 109 (46%) attended. Thirteen BCTs were used more than eight times but none of the 13 were associated with increased attendance. One, “practical social support,” was significantly associated with increased patient agreement (odds ratio [OR] = 4.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15, 20.13). Delivery of recommended BCTs and the total number of BCTs used were both associated with increased agreement (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.23 and OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.75, respectively), but not attendance at CWMS (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.98–1.47 and OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.94–1.24, respectively).

Conclusions
There is no evidence that particular BCT can increase the effectiveness of brief opportunistic interventions for obesity in adults. However, using more BCTs and delivery of recommended BCTs may increase agreement to attend community weight management services.
“This place means freedom to me”: needs-based engagement with marginalized migrant Muslim women in London
Authors: Thompson Naomi , Nasimi Rabia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper draws on a case study of a community-based organization working with marginalized Muslim women in London from refugee and migrant backgrounds. The organization delivers a model of practice that involves English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) classes, practical/informative workshops, and social integration in a women-only community space rather than these elements being accessed separately in often formal spaces. The article draws on data collected as part of the first year of an evaluation of a three-year funded project to engage the women. The data include registration information about the participant group, a bespoke workshop evaluation form completed by the women each month, and interviews with beneficiaries, volunteers, and staff. Our research finds that an integrated, bottom-up approach is successful in engaging isolated women and impacts on their lives through increased well-being, knowledge and skills, empowerment, and freedom. Whilst asset-focused interventions have become dominant in community development, there is a danger that a deliberate focus away from the needs of vulnerable groups may cement rather than tackle inequalities, and collude with a political and neoliberal agenda that promotes individualism and austerity. We argue it is necessary to develop interventions that respond to the needs of marginalized groups before building on people’s strengths to address them. Our case study offers evidence for this.
Potential Influence of Menstrual Status and Sex Hormones on Female Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Multicenter Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Ding Ting , Zhang Jinjin , Wang Tian , Cui Pengfei , Chen Zhe , Jiang Jingjing , Zhou Su , Dai Jun , Wang Bo , Yuan Suzhen , Ma Wenqing , Ma Lingwei , Rong Yueguang , Chang Jiang , Miao Xiaoping , Ma Xiangyi , Wang Shixuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have indicated that females with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a lower morbidity, severe case rate, and mortality and better outcome than those of male individuals. However, the reasons remained to be addressed.

Methods
To find the factors that potentially protect females from COVID-19, we recruited all confirmed patients hospitalized at 3 branches of Tongji Hospital (N = 1902), and analyzed the correlation between menstrual status (n = 509, including 68 from Mobile Cabin Hospital), female hormones (n = 78), and cytokines related to immunity and inflammation (n = 263), and the severity/clinical outcomes in female patients &lt;60 years of age.

Results
Nonmenopausal female patients had milder severity and better outcome compared with age-matched men (P &lt; .01 for both). Menopausal patients had longer hospitalization times than nonmenopausal patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.06–3.46]; P = .033). Both anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2) showed a negative correlation with severity of infection (adjusted HR, 0.146 [95% CI, .026–.824], P = .029 and 0.304 [95% CI, .092–1.001], P = .05, respectively). E2 levels were negatively correlated with interleukin (IL) 2R, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the luteal phase (P = .033, P = .048, P = .054, and P = .023) and C3 in the follicular phase (P = .030).

Conclusions
Menopause is an independent risk factor for female COVID-19 patients. AMH and E2 are potential protective factors, negatively correlated with COVID-19 severity, among which E2 is attributed to its regulation of cytokines related to immunity and inflammation.
The Meaning of Freedom: Slave Self-Purchase and the Making of Free Labour in Martinique
Authors: Heath Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article examines the introduction of legalized slave savings and compulsory slave self-purchase—the pécule légal and rachat forcé—by the Mackau Laws in the French colony of Martinique in the last years of the July Monarchy. Drawing on official correspondence, political debates, published pamphlets and individual cases of slave self-purchase, it examines official efforts to replace a system of bondage rooted in direct, personal domination and explicit violence with a system of colonial labour based on free labour and impersonal social controls. Their efforts were profoundly shaped by two sets of actors: members of the pro-slavery lobby and the enslaved. Together these two groups defined a minimal standard of free labour that would have far-reaching impact on colonial labour policy in the post-emancipation period.
Bone density, microarchitecture and tissue quality after 1 year of treatment with dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine
Authors: Soldado-Folgado Jade , Lerma-Chippirraz Elisabeth , Arrieta-Aldea Itziar , Bujosa Daniel , García-Giralt Natalia , Pineda-Moncusi Marta , Trenchs-Rodríguez Marta , Villar-García Judit , González-Mena Alicia , Díez-Pérez Adolfo , Brown Todd T , Knobel Hernando , Güerri-Fernández Robert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Bone mineral density (BMD) decreases with ART initiation with a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing regimen, although bone tissue quality increases. The impact of dolutegravir (DTG)/abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC)-based ART initiation on bone health parameters is not clear.

Objectives
To study the impact of DTG/ABC/3TC-based therapy on bone health parameters in ART-naive individuals with HIV after 48 weeks of treatment.

Methods
An observational, prospective and analytical study of treatment-naive patients with HIV undergoing a DTG/ABC/3TC-based regimen at 48 week follow-up. Changes in bone strength parameters (BMD, bone microarchitecture and bone tissue quality) were assessed with non-parametric methods.

Results
Sixteen HIV-infected ART-naive patients starting DTG/ABC/3TC were included. BMD in the lumbar spine showed a significant decrease of −2.25% (P = 0.007) and −4.1% in the femoral neck (P = 0.007). Bone microarchitecture, as measured by trabecular bone score, also decreased significantly by −2.5% (P = 0.03). In contrast, bone quality [bone material strength index (BMi)], as measured by microindentation, significantly increased with respect to baseline after 48 weeks of treatment, showing better bone properties of +6.53% (P &lt; 0.001). No significant changes were found in bone turnover markers. In addition, a positive significant correlation between the CD4/CD8 cell count ratio at baseline and changes in BMSi after 48 weeks of treatment was observed (Spearman’s rho = 0.4974; P = 0.04).

Conclusions
After a 48 week treatment with DTG/ABC/3TC-based ART, BMD and trabecular bone score decreased while bone tissue quality, as measured by microindentation, improved significantly. The state of the immune system at ART initiation is related to bone quality recovery. An overarching approach to assess bone toxicity in ART-treated patients is needed.
Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria abundance leads to the variation in fatty acids in the rumen digesta and meat of fattening lambs
Authors: Zhang Zhian , Niu Xiaolin , Li Fei , Li Fadi , Guo Long 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria could be a diagnostic tool for determining the subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) risk in individual ruminants; however, a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of the abundance of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the rumen digesta and the muscle of sheep. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the variation of rumen cellulolytic bacteria on the rumen fermentation, rumen digesta, and muscle FA composition of fattening lambs fed an identical diet. Forty-eight lambs were reared in individual units and fed a high-concentrate diet consisting of 20% forage and 80% concentrate. All lambs were adapted to diets and facilities for 14 d, and sampling was for 63 d. At the end of the experiment, the rumen fluid, rumen digesta, and longissimus dorsi were collected after slaughter for the measurement of volatile fatty acids, ruminal bacterial DNA, rumen digesta, and muscle FAs. The lambs were classified into the lower cellulolytic bacteria (LCB, n = 10) group and the higher cellulolytic bacteria (HCB, n = 10) group according to the abundance of pH-sensitive cellulolytic bacteria (Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) in the rumen. Ruminal acetate concentration was positively correlated with the number of R. flavefaciens, F. Succinogenes, and B. fibrisolvens (P &lt; 0.05, r &gt; 0.296), whereas propionate and valerate concentrations were negatively correlated with the amount of F. succinogenes and B. fibrisolvens (P &lt; 0.05, r &gt; 0.348). Compared with the LCB group, the acetate (P = 0.018) as well as acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.012) in the HCB group was higher, but the valerate ratio was lower (P = 0.002). The proportions of even-chain FAs and odd- and branched-chain fatty acid in the rumen digesta of lambs with the HCB were higher (P &lt; 0.05), while the polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased than those in the LCB lambs (P &lt; 0.05), but those FA proportions in the meat were similar between the two groups. The proportion of C17:0 in the meat of lambs in the HCB group was lower than that of lambs in the LCB group (P = 0.033). The proportions of conjugated linoleic acid in rumen digesta and meat were both higher in the HCB group than that in the LCB group (P = 0.046). These results indicated that the ruminal cellulolytic bacteria can alter the FA compositions in rumen digesta and further influenced the FA compositions in the meat of sheep.