bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateralized memory circuit dropout in Alzheimer’s disease patients
Authors: Tyrer Ashley , Gilbert Jessica R , Adams Sarah , Stiles Alexandra B , Bankole Azziza O , Gilchrist Iain D , Moran Rosalyn J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Altered connectivity within neuronal networks is often observed in Alzheimer’s disease. However, delineating pro-cognitive compensatory changes from pathological network decline relies on characterizing network and task effects together. In this study, we interrogated the dynamics of occipito-temporo-frontal brain networks responsible for implicit and explicit memory processes using high-density EEG and dynamic causal modelling. We examined source-localized network activity from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 21), while they performed both visual recognition (explicit memory) and implicit priming tasks. Parametric empirical Bayes analyses identified significant reductions in temporo-frontal connectivity and in subcortical visual input in patients, specifically in the left hemisphere during the recognition task. There was also slowing in frontal left hemisphere signal transmission during the implicit priming task, with significantly more distinct dropout in connectivity during the recognition task, suggesting that these network drop-out effects are affected by task difficulty. Furthermore, during the implicit memory task, increased right frontal activity was correlated with improved task performance in patients only, suggesting that right-hemisphere compensatory mechanisms may be employed to mitigate left-lateralized network dropout in Alzheimer’s disease. Taken together, these findings suggest that Alzheimer’s disease is associated with lateralized memory circuit dropout and potential compensation from the right hemisphere, at least for simpler memory tasks.
Event-related potential and EEG oscillatory predictors of verbal memory in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Xia Jiangyi , Mazaheri Ali , Segaert Katrien , Salmon David P , Harvey Danielle , Shapiro Kim , Kutas Marta , Olichney John M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reliable biomarkers of memory decline are critical for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease. Previous work has found three EEG measures, namely the event-related brain potential P600, suppression of oscillatory activity in the alpha frequency range (∼10 Hz) and cross-frequency coupling between low theta/high delta and alpha/beta activity, each of which correlates strongly with verbal learning and memory abilities in healthy elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment or prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, we address the question of whether event-related or oscillatory measures, or a combination thereof, best predict the decline of verbal memory in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Single-trial correlation analyses show that despite a similarity in their time courses and sensitivities to word repetition, the P600 and the alpha suppression components are minimally correlated with each other on a trial-by-trial basis (generally |rs| &lt; 0.10). This suggests that they are unlikely to stem from the same neural mechanism. Furthermore, event-related brain potentials constructed from bandpass filtered (delta, theta, alpha, beta or gamma bands) single-trial data indicate that only delta band activity (1–4 Hz) is strongly correlated (r = 0.94, P &lt; 0.001) with the canonical P600 repetition effect; event-related potentials in higher frequency bands are not. Importantly, stepwise multiple regression analyses reveal that the three event-related brain potential/oscillatory measures are complementary in predicting California Verbal Learning Test scores (overall R2’s in 0.45–0.63 range). The present study highlights the importance of combining EEG event-related potential and oscillatory measures to better characterize the multiple mechanisms of memory failure in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or prodromal Alzheimer’s disease.
Perfusion strategy using axillary or femoral cannulation for minimally invasive cardiac surgery: experience in 270 patients with computed tomography-based criteria
Authors: Nakamura Yoshitsugu , Nishijima Shuhei , Kuroda Miho , Nakayama Taisuke , Tsuruta Ryo , Yoshiyama Daiki , Yasumoto Yuto , Ito Yujiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In patients with atherosclerotic disease, minimally invasive cardiac surgery using retrograde perfusion for cardiopulmonary bypass via femoral cannulation (FC) carries a higher risk of brain embolization compared with antegrade perfusion. However, guidelines for selecting antegrade versus retrograde perfusion do not exist. We developed a computed tomography (CT)-based perfusion strategy and assessed outcomes.

METHODS
We studied 270 minimally invasive cardiac surgery patients, aged 68 ± 13, 124 female, body surface area 1.6 ± 0.2 m2. Antegrade perfusion using axillary cannulation (AC) was selected if any of the following preoperative enhanced CT scan criteria were satisfied anywhere in the aorta or iliac arteries: thrombosis thickness &gt;3 mm, thrombosis &gt;one-third of the total circumference and calcification present in the total circumference. FC was selected otherwise. Asymptomatic brain injury was assessed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

RESULTS
AC and FC were selected in 95 (35%) and 175 patients, respectively. AC patients were 10 years older (P &lt; 0.001) and had higher EuroSCORE II (2.7 ± 3.4 vs 1.7 ± 1.9, P = 0.002). The median cardiopulmonary time and cross-clamp times were not significantly different. No patients died in hospital. There was no immediate stroke in either group during 48 h after surgery. Asymptomatic brain injury was detected in 25 (26%) and 27 (15%) AC and FC patients, respectively, P = 0.03.

CONCLUSIONS
We believe our CT-based perfusion strategy using AC or FC minimized brain embolic rates. AC can be a good alternative to prevent brain embolization for minimally invasive cardiac surgery patients with advanced atherosclerotic disease.
High-resolution source imaging based on time-reversal wave propagation simulations using assimilated dense seismic records
Authors: Furumura Takashi , Maeda Takuto 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
This paper describes an efficient approach to high-resolution time-reversal source imaging simulation. Dense seismograph network records are backpropagated from stations to the hypocentre through a 3-D subsurface structure model to estimate the initial source wavefield at the earthquake initiation time. By assimilating high-density observational data into the time-reversal wave propagation, a clearer source image can be determined, even for deep and distant earthquakes, than is achievable with conventional source imaging. The effectiveness of data-assimilation-based source imaging by a time-reversal wave propagation simulation with a 3-D heterogeneous structural model was demonstrated using recordings from a nationwide strong-motion seismograph network during the 2007 Off Niigata, Japan, Mw 6.6 earthquake, and the 2007 Off Ibaraki, Japan,Mw 6.8 earthquake. Such data-assimilated-based simulations are also effective for early forecasting of strong ground motions caused by large earthquakes through fast time-advancing simulations based on the current assimilated wavefield. We will discuss the feasibility of a disaster prevention system for the early forecasting of strong motion disasters due to large earthquakes, based on repeatedly estimating source parameters and forecasting strong motions in future time based on the current assimilated wavefields.
Paternal body mass index and offspring DNA methylation: findings from the PACE consortium
Authors: Sharp Gemma C , Alfano Rossella , Ghantous Akram , Urquiza Jose , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L , Page Christian M , Jin Jianping , Fernández-Barrés Silvia , Santorelli Gillian , Tindula Gwen ,   and 36 other members of the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) consortium
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Accumulating evidence links paternal adiposity in the periconceptional period to offspring health outcomes. DNA methylation has been proposed as a mediating mechanism, but very few studies have explored this possibility in humans.

Methods
In the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) consortium, we conducted a meta-analysis of coordinated epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of paternal prenatal body mass index (BMI) (with and without adjustment for maternal BMI) in relation to DNA methylation in offspring blood at birth (13 data sets; total n = 4894) and in childhood (6 data sets; total n = 1982).

Results
We found little evidence of an association at either time point: at all CpGs, the false-discovery-rate-adjusted P-values were &gt;0.05. In secondary sex-stratified analyses, we found just four CpGs for which there was robust evidence of an association in female offspring. To compare our findings to those of other studies, we conducted a systematic review, which identified seven studies, including five candidate gene studies showing associations between paternal BMI/obesity and offspring or sperm DNA methylation at imprinted regions. However, in our own study, we found very little evidence of enrichment for imprinted genes.

Conclusion
Our findings do not support the hypothesis that paternal BMI around the time of pregnancy is associated with offspring-blood DNA methylation, even at imprinted regions.
Error bounds for overdetermined and underdetermined generalized centred simplex gradients
Authors: Hare Warren , Jarry–Bolduc Gabriel , Planiden Chayne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse this work generalizes the gradient approximation technique called the centred simplex gradient to allow sample sets containing any number of points. This approximation technique is called the generalized centred simplex gradient. We develop error bounds and, under a full-rank condition, show that the error bounds have ${\mathcal O}(\varDelta ^2)$, where $\varDelta $ is the radius of the sample set of points used. We establish calculus rules for generalized centred simplex gradients, introduce a calculus-based generalized centred simplex gradient and confirm that error bounds for this new approach are also ${\mathcal O}(\varDelta ^2)$. We provide several examples to illustrate the results and some benefits of these new methods.
On Boundary Correlations in Planar Ashkin–Teller Models
Authors: Lis Marcin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We generalize the switching lemma of Griffiths, Hurst, and Sherman to the random current representation of the Ashkin–Teller model. We then use it together with properties of two-dimensional topology to derive linear relations for multipoint boundary spin correlations and bulk order–disorder correlations in planar models. We also show that the same linear relations are satisfied by products of Pfaffians. As a result, a clear picture arises in the noninteracting case of two independent Ising models where multipoint correlation functions are given by Pfaffians and determinants of their respective two-point functions. This gives a unified treatment of both the classical Pfaffian identities and recent total positivity inequalities for boundary spin correlations in the planar Ising model. We also derive the Simon and Gaussian inequalities for general Ashkin–Teller models with negative four-body coupling constants.
Resistance to tetracyclines among clinical isolates ofMycoplasma hominisandUreaplasmaspecies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad H 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundResistance to tetracyclines, the first-line treatment for urogenital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species, is increasing worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the global status of resistance to this class of antibiotics.MethodsElectronic databases were searched using keywords including ‘Mycoplasma’, ‘Mycoplasma hominis’, ‘M. hominis’, ‘Ureaplasma’, ‘Ureaplasma urealyticum’, ‘Ureaplasma parvum’, ‘U. urealyticum’, ‘U. parvum’, ‘Ureaplasma species’, ‘resistance’, ‘antibiotic resistance’, ‘antibiotic susceptibility’, ‘antimicrobial resistance’, ‘antimicrobial susceptibility’, ‘tetracycline’, ‘doxycycline’ and ‘minocycline’. Finally, after some exclusions, 37 studies from different countries were included in the study and meta-analysis was performed on the data collected.ResultsThe midrange resistance rates for M. hominis and U. urealyticum/parvum to tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline were 50.0%, 9.0% and 16.7% and 43.3%, 28.6% and 9.0%, respectively. A high level of heterogeneity was observed in all studies (I2 &gt; 50%, P value &lt; 0.05), except those representing doxycycline resistance in M. hominis isolates (I2 = 39.1%, P  = 0.02). No evidence of publication bias was observed in the studies and neither Egger’s test nor Begg’s test showed significant publication bias.ConclusionsThe results of the present study show that the overall resistance to tetracyclines is relatively high and prevalent among M. hominis and Ureaplasma species throughout the world. This highlights the importance of and necessity for regional and local antibiotic susceptibility testing before treatment choice as well as development of newer generations of tetracyclines to prevent antibiotic misuse, emergence and spread of resistant strains and, finally, the failure of treatment.
Simultaneous Analytical Efficiency Evaluation Using an HPTLC Method for the Analysis of Syringic Acid and Vanillic Acid and Their Anti-Oxidant Capacity from Methanol Extract of Ricinus communis L. and Euphorbia hirta L
Authors: Singh Pradeep , Arif Muhammad , Qadir Abdul , Kannojia Pushpendra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The well-known medicinal plants Ricinus communis L. and Euphorbia hirta L. have been traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments in the India and other countries.

Objective
In the present research, a simple, rapid, reliable, and accessible HPTLC technique has been established for concurrent quantification of phenolic compounds (syringic acid and vanillic acid) and evaluation of their anti-oxidant capacity.

Method
The chromatographic separation was conceded on pre-coated silica gel plates 60 F254 as the stationary phase. The appropriate mobile phase combination of toluene–ethyl acetate–formic acid (7:2.5:0.5, v/v/v) were developed to expand the plates which separated components according to the marker compounds. Further, the anti-oxidant potential of methanol extract of R. communis (MERC) and E. hirta (MERH) were also assessed with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by using UV spectrophotometry.

Results
Densitometric scanning was performed with a Camag V scanner and measured at two different wave lengths, 272 and 318 nm. The marker compounds were practically resolved with RF 0.5 ± 0.04 for syringic acid and 0.6 ± 0.06 for vanillic acid. The results obtained in the study of anti-oxidant activity of MERC and MERH showed significant free radical scavenging capacity against DPPH-generated free radicals.

Conclusions
The developed HPTLC method was validated for accuracy, linearity, precision, and specificity. Both the extracts revealed considerable antioxidant activity. The reported existing phenolic and flavonoids compounds are responsible for antioxidant activity of plant extracts.
Mastitis and More: A Pictorial Review of the Red, Swollen, and Painful Breast
Authors: Woodard Genevieve A , Bhatt Asha A , Knavel Erica M , Hunt Katie N 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClinically, acute mastitis presents as a red, swollen, and painful breast. Targeted ultrasound can be performed to evaluate the extent of infection and for an underlying abscess. Noncomplicated mastitis or a small fluid collection may respond to oral antibiotics without further intervention, but a larger or more complex abscess may require single or serial percutaneous aspiration. Breast infections, particularly those complicated by an abscess, can have a prolonged clinical course, and close follow-up is required. Since the clinical presentation and imaging features of acute infectious mastitis can overlap with other etiologies, such as inflammatory breast cancer and idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, a percutaneous biopsy may be indicated to accurately diagnose patients.
Procreative rights denied? Access to assisted reproduction technologies by single women in China
Authors: Zhu Lei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Chinese regulatory framework on access to assisted reproduction technologies (hereafter ART) is relatively restrictive, limiting ART exclusively to heterosexual married couples as a medical treatment for infertility. ART clinics across China are prohibited from providing ART services for single women. This creates significant regulatory barrier for single women to exercise their procreative rights. The restriction finds its root in the population and family planning law under which reproduction is tied to marriage and childbirth outside marriage are deemed as illegitimate with punishing consequences. It essentially denies the procreative rights of single women which are recognized by Chinese law. A welcoming development is that in seven out of 10 cases the court is willing to grant exceptions by allowing posthumous implantation procedure for widowed women after the sudden and unexpected death of the husband.
Type A aortic dissection after ‘zone 0’ thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type 1 hybrid aortic arch replacement of arch aneurysm
Authors: Han Sung Joon , Shim Man-Shik , Han Woo Sik , Cho Hyun Jin , Kang Min-Woong , Kang Shin Kwang , Yu Jae Hyeon , Na Myung Hoon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The recent rise in minimally invasive cardiovascular procedures is being accompanied by an increase in related complications. We report on an acute type A aortic dissection performed in an 82-year-old man 1 week after staged ‘zone 0’ hybrid thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Previously, the patient had undergone type I hybrid arch debranching and staged ‘zone 0’ TEVAR for an aortic arch aneurysm. ‘Zone 0’ TEVAR after type I hybrid debranching might increase the risk for aortic injury on the residual native aorta and should, therefore, be closely followed up to enable the early diagnosis of complications.
Surgical management of ovarian carcinosarcoma with inferior vena cava extension into the right atrium
Authors: Merchant Akeel M , Friedland Mark D , Behrens Marcus A , Williams Adam R , Berchuck Andrew , Guinn Nicole R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gynecological carcinosarcomas are aggressive tumors with rare occurrence and high rates of metastases. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman with vaginal bleeding and abdominal distension who was found to have a large ovarian carcinosarcoma invading the gonadal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) and extending into right atrium (RA). She underwent gynecologic tumor resection, IVC cavotomy and en bloc resection of tumor/thrombus through the RA. Use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography helped assess extent and mobility of mass in the RA to guide surgical approach. This case posed unique challenges with regard to management of induction, hemodynamics and coagulopathy.
Eclectic mimēsis in Imperial Greek oratory: Topological metrics for syntactical quantification using wavelets
Authors: Bozia Eleni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents a novel method to determine particular syntactical attributes of Ancient Greek oratory to quantitatively compare the orators of the Classical to those of the Imperial era based on their style of writing. The study first provides a philological overview of Classical Atticism and its Imperial counterpart and argues that the latter is the product of creative mimēsis and not a mere reproduction of archetypes. Then the article briefly explains a node-based metric method that was developed to quantify the morphology of a syntactically annotated Treebank that led to a more thorough weighting scheme using Haar Wavelets. Wavelets were then used to capture both the linear topology of a sentence and the tree network topology of the corresponding syntactical tree. The results were subsequently processed using principal component analysis to analyze and visualize the data. The method is demonstrated using a database of syntactically annotated sentences from six Attic orators.
Dynamics of tidal disruption events: statistical properties
Authors: Weissbein Amir , Sari Re’em 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the correlations between the dynamical history of a star that eventually experiences a tidal disruption event (TDE) and the properties of the TDE itself. As expected, we find that (i) in empty loss cone at the radius of influence, most TDEs are non-violent TDEs; i.e. the star’s periastron is only a bit smaller than the tidal radius. These stars had experienced strong tidal interactions with the supermassive black hole (SMBH), just slightly outside the tidal radius. (ii) In full loss cone at the radius of influence, most TDEs are violent; i.e. the star’s periastron is significantly smaller than the tidal radius. These stars did not previously encounter strong tidal effects. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that even in extremely empty or extremely full loss cone a finite fraction of order ${\sim} 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the events are non-typical. This is due to two surprising effects: (i) In an empty loss cone, a logarithmic fraction of the events are associated with stars that entered the loss cone via strong scatterings. Those events are usually violent penetrating deep into the loss cone. (ii) In full loss cone, orbits with semimajor axis smaller than the radius of influence, where the loss cone is marginally empty, dominate the TDE rate. As a result, a constant fraction of TDEs involve stars in empty loss cone orbits, which have typically experienced strong interactions with the SMBH in previous orbits.
MiR-CLIP reveals iso-miR selective regulation in the miR-124 targetome
Authors: Wang Yuluan , Soneson Charlotte , Malinowska Anna L , Laski Artur , Ghosh Souvik , Kanitz Alexander , Gebert Luca F R , Robinson Mark D , Hall Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many microRNAs regulate gene expression via atypical mechanisms, which are difficult to discern using native cross-linking methods. To ascertain the scope of non-canonical miRNA targeting, methods are needed that identify all targets of a given miRNA. We designed a new class of miR-CLIP probe, whereby psoralen is conjugated to the 3p arm of a pre-microRNA to capture targetomes of miR-124 and miR-132 in HEK293T cells. Processing of pre-miR-124 yields miR-124 and a 5′-extended isoform, iso-miR-124. Using miR-CLIP, we identified overlapping targetomes from both isoforms. From a set of 16 targets, 13 were differently inhibited at mRNA/protein levels by the isoforms. Moreover, delivery of pre-miR-124 into cells repressed these targets more strongly than individual treatments with miR-124 and iso-miR-124, suggesting that isomirs from one pre-miRNA may function synergistically. By mining the miR-CLIP targetome, we identified nine G-bulged target-sites that are regulated at the protein level by miR-124 but not isomiR-124. Using structural data, we propose a model involving AGO2 helix-7 that suggests why only miR-124 can engage these sites. In summary, access to the miR-124 targetome via miR-CLIP revealed for the first time how heterogeneous processing of miRNAs combined with non-canonical targeting mechanisms expand the regulatory range of a miRNA.