bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The heel amelanotic melanoma, a rare subtype of skin cancer misdiagnosed as foot ulcer: A case report
Authors: Hakamifard Atousa , Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Shabib Somayeh , Larki‐Harchegani Amir , Eshraghi Samani Reza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmelanotic melanoma (AM) of the heel is a very rare subtype of malignant melanoma in which the tumour cells, unlike other types of melanoma, are characterised by little or no melanin pigmentation. AM resembles many benign dermatological complications that often lead to late diagnosis of lesions, poor prognosis, and occasionally misdiagnosis at an early stage of the disease. We report a case of a 73‐year‐old man with a heel ulcer who was admitted to Al‐Zahra Hospital (Isfahan, Iran). Chronic osteomyelitis was considered the primary diagnosis, and several courses of antibiotics were prescribed for the patient. The ulcer failed to improve after 9 months' of therapy, and because of an increase in the size of the ulcer and the growth of two tumours in the right heel, a biopsy of the lesion was conducted. The pathology report confirmed invasive AM. The present report emphasises the necessity to biopsy all skin lesions, even with low clinical significance, to avoid wrong subsequent treatments, prevent a delay in diagnosis, reduce misdiagnosis, and improve the survival rate of patients.
Local structure investigations of accumulated damage in irradiated MgAl2O4
Authors: Yoshioka Satoru , Tsuruta Konosuke , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Yasuda Kazuhiro , Matsumura Syo , Sugiyama Takeharau , Oba Yojiro , Ishikawa Norito , Kobayashi Eiichi , Okudaira Koji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDamaged structures in the MgAl2O4 spinel induced by swift heavy ions were investigated using the X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Increasing the fluence of 100 MeV Xe ions leads to increased SAXS intensity and XANES spectral changes on both Mg and Al K‐edges. The damaged regions of ion tracks were observed by SAXS to be cylindrical in shape with a diameter of 5 nm. The theoretical XANES spectra indicated that the changes in the experimental spectra were due to the cationic disordering between tetrahedral and octahedral sites. This disordering caused an increase in the inversion degree of the cations. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of the XANES spectra revealed the preferential occupation of cations at the octahedral sites at high fluence.
Impact of sleep restriction on affective functioning in adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Becker Stephen P. , Tamm Leanne , Epstein Jeffery N. , Beebe Dean W. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundShortened sleep and affective disturbances are both prevalent in adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet the causal link between these domains has not been examined. This study investigated whether shortened sleep duration is causally linked to affective functioning in adolescents with ADHD.MethodsParticipants were 48 adolescents (75% male) aged 14–17 years with ADHD who successfully completed a three‐week sleep protocol using an experimental crossover design. The protocol included a phase stabilization week, followed, in randomized counterbalanced order, by one week of sleep restriction (6.5 hr in bed) and one week of sleep extension (9.5 hr in bed). Sleep was monitored with objective actigraphy, and all participants included in this study obtained ≥1 hr actigraphy‐measured sleep duration during extension compared to restriction. Parents and adolescents provided daily ratings of positive and negative affect during the extension and restriction conditions. Ratings of affect, internalizing symptoms, and emotion regulation were collected at laboratory visits conducted at the end of each week.ResultsBoth parents and adolescents reported greater depressive symptoms and lower positive affect during restriction compared to extension. Parents also reported greater negative affect and emotion dysregulation among adolescents during sleep restriction than extension. No effects were found for parent‐ or adolescent‐reported anxiety symptoms or for adolescent‐reported emotion regulation or negative affect.ConclusionsFindings from this study provide the first evidence that shortened sleep duration is a causal contributor to the affect and mood disturbances frequently experienced by adolescents with ADHD, particularly as observed by parents. Targeting sleep may be important to reduce affective disturbances in adolescents with ADHD.
Association between plasma irisin and glucose metabolism in pregnant women is modified by dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake
Authors: Cai Li , Wu Weijia , Lin Lizi , Chen Yajun , Gao Rui , Shi Bijun , Ma Bingjie , Chen Yuming , Jing Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe role of irisin in maternal glucose metabolism and how it would respond to dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 PUFA) intake remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether maternal plasma irisin is associated with glucose metabolism and whether this association is modified by dietary n‐3 PUFA.Materials and MethodsA total of 932 pregnant women (20–28 weeks’ gestation) aged 20–45 years were recruited. Dietary n‐3 PUFA was estimated using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Plasma irisin and insulin were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed with a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test. Adjusted multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were carried out to examine the associations between plasma irisin and glucose metabolism. The moderating effect of dietary n‐3 PUFA intake was determined by fully multiplicative models by including the interaction term.ResultsMaternal plasma irisin was negatively associated with HOMA‐IR and oral glucose tolerance test 0 h glucose level (β −0.250, −0.067; correctedP‐value for false discovery rate = 0.012, 0.018, respectively), positively associated with HOMA of insulin sensitivity (β 0.028; correctedP‐value for false discovery rate = 0.012), but not associated with postprandial glucose or the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we found a moderating effect of dietary n‐3 PUFA on the relationships of plasma irisin with HOMA‐IR and HOMA of insulin sensitivity; these associations were strengthened with increased n‐3 PUFA intake (β −0.037, 0.004;P = 0.014, 0.041, respectively).ConclusionsPlasma irisin was negatively associated with HOMA‐IR and fasting glucose, whereas it was positively associated with HOMA of insulin sensitivity in pregnant women. We first showed that these associations were modified by dietary n‐3 PUFA intake.
Designing health care: A community health science solution for reducing health disparities by integrating social determinants and the effects of place
Authors: DeHaven Mark J. , Gimpel Nora A. , Gutierrez Daniel , Kitzman‐Carmichael Heather , Revens Keri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States chronic illnesses have become a way of life for multiple generations – they are the number one cause of death and disability (accounting for more than 70% of deaths), 60% of American adults have at least one chronic disease, and 40% have multiple chronic conditions. Although multiple factors contribute to the growth in chronic disease prevalence, a major factor has been overreliance on health care systems for promoting health and preventing disease. Large health care systems are ill equipped for this role since they are designed to detect, treat, and manage disease, not to promote health or address the underlying causes of disease.MethodsImproving health outcomes in the U.S. will require implementing broad‐based prevention strategies combining biological, behavioral, and societal variables that move beyond clinical care. According to community medicine, clinical care alone cannot create, support, or maintain health. Rather, health can only ensue from combining clinical care with epidemiology and community organization, because health is a social outcome resulting from a combination of clinical science, collective responsibility, and informed social action.ResultsDuring the past 20 years, our team has developed an operational community medicine approach known as community health science. Our model provides a simple framework for integrating clinical care, population health, and community organization, using community‐based participatory research (CBPR) practices for developing place‐based initiatives. In the present paper, we present a brief overview of the model and describe its evolution, applications, and outcomes in two major urban environments.ConclusionThe paper demonstrates means for integrating the social determinants of health into collaborative place‐based approaches, for aligning community assets and reducing health disparities. It concludes by discussing how asset‐based community development can promote social connectivity and improve health, and how our approach reflects the emerging national consensus on the importance of place‐based population system change.
Navigating “Breakup Remorse”: Implications for Disrupting the On‐Again/Off‐Again Cycles in Young Adult Dating Relationships
Authors: Washburn‐Busk Michelle , Vennum Amber , McAllister Paige , Busk Paul 
Published: March 2020

While the research is clear on the risks for distress associated with on‐again, off‐again romantic relationships (i.e., cyclical relationships), little is known about the change mechanisms experienced by partners in cyclical relationships or how helping professionals can assist young adults stably continue or end these relationships. Young adults (N = 21) in different stages of cyclical relationships (renewed, ended, or contemplating renewal) attended focus groups and articulated specific mechanisms that influenced their ability to make distress‐reducing decisions. Main themes for professionals working with partners in cyclical relationships centered on promoting “decision‐making resilience,” which included addressing issues around identity development, communication, power/control dynamics, and intentionality. These results inform assessments and interventions to bolster resilience and reduce distress for cyclical couples.
Safety of percutaneous ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of adrenal lesions in dogs: Perception of the procedure by radiologists and presentation of 50 cases
Authors: Pey Pascaline , Diana Alessia , Rossi Federica , Mortier Jeremy , Kafka Ulrike , Veraa Stefanie , Groth Anna , MacLellan Megan , Marin Chiara , Fracassi Federico 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous ultrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of adrenal gland lesions is controversial in veterinary medicine.ObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency and radiologists' perception of the risk of the procedure as well as determining the incidence of complications.MethodsRetrospective study. A first survey was submitted by e‐mail to all board‐certified radiologists of the American College of Veterinary Radiology (ACVR) and European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (ECVDI). A second survey was sent to radiologists who declared having performed the procedure at least once in their career (observational cross‐sectional case study).ResultsThe first survey was sent to 977 diplomates and answered by 138. Of 138 diplomates, 40 currently performed the procedure and 98 did not; 44 of the 98 gave the hypertensive crisis risk in pheochromocytoma as a reason. To the second survey, 12 of 65 responded positively; 50 dogs with 58 lesions were recruited, including 23 pheochromocytomas. Complications were reported in 4 of 50 dogs; 3 hemorrhages (1 mild and 1 moderate) and 1 death from acute respiratory distress syndrome (possibly related to laryngeal paralysis). No hypertensive crisis was reported. There was no relationship between the method of FNA/type of needle used and occurrence of complications. Based on the recollection of these 65 radiologists, who performed approximately 200 FNA of adrenal lesions, a death rate of approximately 1% was estimated.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePercutaneous US‐guided FNA of adrenal lesions can be considered a minimally risky procedure, despite the negative perception by radiologists.
Infant formula and toddler milk marketing and caregiver's provision to young children
Authors: Romo‐Palafox Maria J. , Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Harris Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes prohibits claims and other marketing that may confuse caregivers about benefits of formula and other milk‐based drinks for infants and toddlers, but such marketing is common in the United States. This study assessed caregivers' provision of milk‐based products to their infants and toddlers and potential confusion about product benefits and appropriate use. Online survey of 1,645 U.S. caregivers of infants (6–11 months) and toddlers (12–36 months). Respondents identified infant formula and toddler milk products they served their child (ren) and provided relative agreement with common marketing claims. Logistic regression assessed relationships between agreement and serving these products, controlling for individual characteristics. Over one‐half of caregivers of infants (52%) agreed that infant formula can be better for babies' digestion and brain development than breastmilk, and 62% agreed it can provide nutrition not present in breastmilk. Most caregivers of toddlers (60%) agreed that toddler milks provide nutrition toddlers do not get from other foods. Some caregivers of infants (11%) reported serving toddler milk to their child most often. Agreement with marketing claims increased the odds of serving infant formula and/or toddler milks. For caregivers of toddlers, odds were higher for college‐educated and lower for non‐Hispanic White caregivers. Common marketing messages promoting infant formula and toddler milks may mislead caregivers about benefits and appropriateness of serving to young children. These findings support calls for public health policies and increased regulation of infant formula and toddler milks.
DNA methylation in plants: mechanisms and tools for targeted manipulation
Authors: Gallego‐Bartolomé Javier 
Published: March 2020

SummaryDNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that regulates multiple processes, such as gene expression and genome stability. Mutants and pharmacological treatments have been instrumental in the study of this mark in plants, although their genome‐wide effect complicates the direct association between changes in methylation and a particular phenotype. A variety of tools that allow locus‐specific manipulation of DNA methylation can be used to assess its direct role in specific processes, as well as to create novel epialleles. Recently, new tools that recruit the methylation machinery directly to target loci through programmable DNA‐binding proteins have expanded the tool kit available to researchers. This review provides an overview of DNA methylation in plants and discusses the tools that have recently been developed for its manipulation.
Modified conservative management of mandibular ameloblastoma: a 13‐year experience in a Malaysian tertiary care centre
Authors: Yew C. C. , Ismail R. B. , Md Zin M. N. B. , Yap H. F. , Chan H. K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeAlthough surgical resection is routinely used to treat mandibular ameloblastoma, it associates with aesthetic and functional complications, hence a modified conservative management (MCM) comprising surgical enucleation, peripheral ostectomy and chemical cauterisation was practiced in a tertiary care centre in northern Malaysia. This study aims to access the treatment outcome and potential use of MCM.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study assessed the demographic and clinical profiles of mandibular ameloblastomas managed with MCM and their outcomes from year 2006 to 2019.ResultsA total of 13 cases of mandibular ameloblastoma were identified between 2006 and 2019 with MCM, which consisted of nine cases of solid/ multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA) (84.6%), and two cases of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA). Over mean review duration of 57 month, three recurrences (23.2%) were reported for SMA group and no recurrence was found for UA cases.ConclusionsThe relatively low recurrence rates suggest that MCM has potential to be used as an alternative treatment for mandibular ameloblastoma. Further well‐designed prospective study is recommended to understand the effectiveness of MCM, which hopefully can evolve towards a minimally invasive surgical approach in treating mandibular ameloblastoma.
Possible association of sialolithiasis with HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy: A case report
Authors: Brooks John K. , Jones Joyce L. , Price Jeffery B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough there appears to be an overall trend of diminishing oral manifestations of HIV infection, evidence is emerging on the increased incidence of concomitant parotid gland enlargement and xerostomia. Furthermore, several case narrations and a limited series have suggested a possible association of sialolithiasis with highly active antiretroviral therapy, mostly involving the parotid gland. The aim of this report is to present a patient with a giant sialolith of the submandibular gland following a 27‐year intake of various antiretrovirals for HIV infection and review the relevant literature.
Evaluating new fault‐controlled hydrothermal dolomitization models: Insights from the Cambrian Dolomite, Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Koeshidayatullah Ardiansyah , Corlett Hilary , Stacey Jack , Swart Peter K. , Boyce Adrian , Robertson Hamish , Whitaker Fiona , Hollis Cathy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFault‐controlled hydrothermal dolomitization in tectonically complex basins can occur at any depth and from different fluid compositions, including ‘deep‐seated’, ‘crustal’ or ‘basinal’ brines. Nevertheless, many studies have failed to identify the actual source of these fluids, resulting in a gap in our knowledge on the likely source of magnesium of hydrothermal dolomitization. With development of new concepts in hydrothermal dolomitization, the study aims in particular to test the hypothesis that dolomitizing fluids were sourced from either seawater, ultramafic carbonation or a mixture between the two by utilizing the Cambrian Mount Whyte Formation as an example. Here, the large‐scale dolostone bodies are fabric‐destructive with a range of crystal fabrics, including euhedral replacement (RD1) and anhedral replacement (RD2). Since dolomite is cross‐cut by low amplitude stylolites, dolomitization is interpreted to have occurred shortly after deposition, at a very shallow depth (<1 km). At this time, there would have been sufficient porosity in the mudstones for extensive dolomitization to occur, and the necessary high heat flows and faulting associated with Cambrian rifting to transfer hot brines into the near surface. While the δ18Owater and 87Sr/86Sr ratios values of RD1 are comparable with Cambrian seawater, RD2 shows higher values in both parameters. Therefore, although aspects of the fluid geochemistry are consistent with dolomitization from seawater, very high fluid temperature and salinity could be suggestive of mixing with another, hydrothermal fluid. The very hot temperature, positive Eu anomaly, enriched metal concentrations, and cogenetic relation with quartz could indicate that hot brines were at least partially sourced from ultramafic rocks, potentially as a result of interaction between the underlying Proterozoic serpentinites and CO2‐rich fluids. This study highlights that large‐scale hydrothermal dolostone bodies can form at shallow burial depths via mixing during fluid pulses, providing a potential explanation for the mass balance problem often associated with their genesis.
A First-Principles Study of MBene as Anode Material for Mg-Ion Battery
Authors: Li Runqing , Liu Yufei , Deng Huiqiu , Yu Chuying , Liu Zhixiao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Developing novel nanostructured anode materials for Mg storage plays an important role in improving the performance of magnesium-ion (Mg-ion) batteries. Two-dimensional (2D) metal borides (MBenes) are evaluated as potential anode materials in the present study. Simulation results demonstrate that Cr2B2 is a competitive anode material, which can deliver a maximum theoretical capacity of 853.4 mAh/g with an average open-circuit potential of 0.53 eV versus Mg2+/Mg. In addition, Cr2B2 as anode also can exhibit superior diffusion kinetics due to a low energy barrier of 0.38 eV. Comparing with Cr2B2, Mo2B2 exhibits less but still high Mg storage capacity, with a maximum capacity of 502.1 mAh/g. In addition, Mg diffusion barrier on Mo2B2 is 0.84 eV and the average open-circuit potential is 0.67 V versus Mg2+/Mg, both of which are still comparable to the reported anode materials for Mg-ion batteries.
Investigation of Liquid Breakup Process Solid Rocket Motor Part B: Vertical C-D Nozzle
Authors: Chen Wei-Lin , Abbas Ahmad I. , Ott Ryan N. , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aluminized propellants are frequently used in solid rocket motors (SRMs) to increase specific impulse. However, as the propellant combusts, the aluminum is oxidized into aluminum oxide (Al2O3), it agglomerates into molten droplets that attach to the outside wall of the rocket nozzle. This phenomenon negatively impacts ballistics performance because the droplets remain attached to the inner wall of propulsion chambers. This buildup of particles tends to erode the wall, decreasing the performance and sustainability of the rocket. This study presents both experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the relationship between gas velocity and molten particle size for the vertically arrayed combustion chamber. Also, the Weber number and the Froude number are monitored to explain the breakup phenomenon and the condition of alumina flow in the whole testing channel. This study focused mainly on the vertical arrangement of the propulsion chamber with the cold experimental and simulation investigating the role of the liquid water in addition to a comparison with the horizontal chamber case. Unlike the horizontal setup, a greater number of droplets with smaller average droplet diameter present in the vertical setup; however, Froude number follows the same trend as for the horizontal C-D nozzle setup.
Large-Deformation Analysis of Elastomeric Structures by Carrera Unified Formulation
Authors: Carrera E. , Pagani A. , Wu B. , Filippi M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Based on the well-known nonlinear hyperelasticity theory and by using the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) as well as a total Lagrangian approach, the unified theory of slightly compressible elastomeric structures including geometrical and physical nonlinearities is developed in this work. By exploiting CUF, the principle of virtual work and a finite element approximation, nonlinear governing equations corresponding to the slightly compressible elastomeric structures are straightforwardly formulated in terms of the fundamental nuclei, which are independent of the theory approximation order. Accordingly, the explicit forms of the secant and tangent stiffness matrices of the unified 1D beam and 2D plate elements are derived by using the three-dimensional Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and the nonlinear constitutive equation for slightly incompressible hyperelastic materials. Several numerical assessments are conducted, including uniaxial tension nonlinear response of rectangular elastomeric beams. Our numerical findings demonstrate the capabilities of the CUF model to calculate the large-deformation equilibrium curves as well as the stress distributions with high accuracy.