bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Following Mixed Tree Nut Biscuit Challenge, Are the Nuts Still Included in the Diet?
Authors: Itotoh Benedicta , Roche Ingrid , Power Catherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe studied the introduction rate after a negative challenge to mixed tree nut biscuit. This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent and passed mixed tree nut biscuit challenges performed at Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) between 2016 and 2018. Follow-up phone calls were made to families to ascertain if the tree nuts included in the tree nut biscuit were still included in the child’s diet 1 to 3 years following negative oral food challenge (OFC). A total of 162 children underwent mixed tree nut biscuit challenge between 2016 and 2018 at Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Western Australia. A total of 141 (87%) passed mixed tree nut biscuit challenge. Of the 133 children that were contacted (8 children could not be contacted), 104 children still included some or all of the challenge nuts in the child’s diet; with 24 children completely eliminating the challenge nuts (18%), 5 children eliminated some of the challenge nuts (3.5%). We found a high introduction rate (82%); however, some families may require more support to maintain the tree nuts in the child’s diet following a negative OFC.
H2O Sense: a WSN-based monitoring system for fish tanks
Authors: Qayyum Khushboo , Zaman Idrees , Förster Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn oceans, fish usually live in an environment that is best suited for their growth. When these fish are introduced into man-made environment, e.g. in mariculture and aquaculture set-ups, the physical parameters might stray from their ideal values, resulting in improper growth and undesired outcomes. Hence, to prevent these undesirable outcomes, continuous monitoring of the physical parameters of the water such as pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen is required. In this work, we present a system called H2O sense, which continuously monitors the physical parameters of the water in tanks and alerts the user in case the values deviate from ideal. We use only low-power, low-cost hardware and open-source development tools, which makes the system easily applicable to various settings. The deployment of our system in the Maritime Laboratory of the University of Namibia shows its efficacy. Furthermore, we evaluate in detail the performance of our system and discuss its applicability in similar challenged environments.
Current management of fistulizing perianal Crohn’s disease based on serum anti-tumor necrosis factor levels and magnetic resonance imaging monitoring
Authors: Wolker Felipe Bernardi , Marchiori Julia Gabriela Oliveira , Miranda Eron Fabio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease (PFCD) is one of the most complex challenges in the colorectal surgery nowadays, because, even with combined clinical and surgical treatment, the rate of healing of the fistulas is approximately 50%. In this context, the monitoring of serum levels of anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (anti-TNF) drugs appears as a crucial tool for the optimization of treatment, since there is a probable correlation between higher serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab with better outcomes of the disease, higher healing rates and lower recurrence rates. This review describes evidence on the use of serum anti-TNF levels and their relationship to clinical and radiological efficacy.
Challenges in Pandemic Disaster Preparedness: Experience of a Saudi Academic Medical Center
Authors: AlAssaf Wajdan 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIn December 2019, a pneumonia of unknown etiology was detected in Wuhan, China. This outbreak was then declared an international public emergency in January 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the announcement activated disaster management plans worldwide. This global crisis created several challenges for the health-care sector. This study reviews the challenges faced by a middle-sized urban academic hospital that are likely present to some extent in all health-care sectors, regardless of their existing disaster plans and policies. While preparing this Saudi academic hospital with a capacity of 192 beds for the emerging pandemic, obstacles arose despite its extensive prior disaster planning and training. Specifically, these challenges were related to health-care workers, supplies, and patient care. We review the actions taken to overcome and resolve these difficulties and provide future planning suggestions for each area to potentially assist other hospitals in their disaster planning and preparedness.
Changes in prevalence of mental disorders among internally displaced persons in central Sudan: a 1-year follow-up study
Authors: Sanhori Zienat , Hauff Edvard , Eide Arne H. , Mdala Ibrahimu , Abdelrahman Abdullah , Brunborg Cathrine , Lien Lars 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Sudan has one of the largest numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the world, estimated at five million. The main cause of displacement was the civil war. Attention to the health and in particular the mental health of IDPs has been lacking. That includes limited population longitudinal data describing the “natural” fluctuations of mental morbidity among these groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the level and stability of mental disorders among IDPs over a 1-year period.

Method
In this 1-year follow-up of IDPs in two settlement areas in central Sudan, 1549 persons 18 years or older were interviewed twice using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Trained psychologists collected the data in a random household survey in the selected IDP areas.

Results
We found overall high stability among those having and those free of mental disorders in this 1-year follow-up study. There were, however, discernible and statistically significant increases in overall new cases of mental disorders from T1 to T2 as major depression increased by 1.4%, generalized anxiety by 2.8% and social phobia by 1.4%.

Conclusion
The study revealed continued high levels and increases of mental disorders over time, although with a pattern of substantial persistence among those initially ill and limited recovery. This might be due to a complex set of factors such as unavailability of mental health services, poverty, low educational level and social exclusion.
The Past, Present, and Future of Behavioral IR
Authors: Davis James W. , McDermott Rose 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOriginally developed by applying models from cognitive psychology to the study of foreign policy decision making, the field of behavioral IR is undergoing important transformations. Building on a broader range of models, methods, and data from the fields of neuroscience, biology, and genetics, behavioral IR has moved beyond the staid debate between rational choice and psychology and instead investigates the plethora of mechanisms selected by evolution for solving adaptive problems. This opens new opportunities for collaboration between scholars informed by rational choice and behavioral insights. Examining the interactions between the individual's genetic inheritance, social environment, and downstream behavior of individuals and groups, the emerging field of behavioral epigenetics offers novel insights into the methodological problem of aggregation that has confounded efforts to apply behavioral findings to IR. In the first instance empirical, behavioral IR raises numerous normative and philosophical questions best answered in dialogue with political and legal theorists.
Survival and predictors of deaths of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 from a retrospective and multicentre cohort study in Brazil
Authors: Santos M. M. , Lucena E. E. S. , Lima K. C. , Brito A. A. C. , Bay M. B. , Bonfada D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the survival of patients admitted to Brazilian hospitals due to the COVID-19 and estimate prognostic factors. This is a retrospective, multicentre cohort study, based on data from 46 285 hospitalisations for COVID-19 in Brazil. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier's method. The log-rank test compared the survival functions for each variable and from that, hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated, and the proportional hazard model was used in Cox multiple regression. The smallest survival curves were the ones for patients at the age of 68 years or more, black/mixed race, illiterate, living in the countryside, dyspnoea, respiratory distress, influenza-like outbreak, O2 saturation <95%, X-ray change, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), invasive ventilatory support, previous heart disease, pneumopathy, diabetes, Down's syndrome, neurological disease and kidney disease. Better survival was observed in the influenza-like outbreak and in an asthmatic patient. The multiple model for increased risk of death when they were admitted to the ICU HR 1.28, diabetes HR 1.17, neurological disease HR 1.34, kidney disease HR 1.11, heart disease HR 1.14, black or mixed race of HR 1.50, asthma HR 0.71 and pneumopathy HR 1.12. This reinforces the importance of socio-demographic and clinical factors as a prognosis for death.
“Who Will I Be?”: Relational Identity, Living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Future-Oriented Decisionmaking
Authors: VERSALOVIC ERIKA , KLEIN ERAN 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPatients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) face many difficult, timing-sensitive decisions over the course of their illness, weighing present versus future harms and benefits. Supplemented by interviews with people with ALS, we argue for a relational approach to understanding these decisions and their effects on identity. We highlight two critical aspects of the patient–caregiver relationship: (1) the extent to which each may rely on the other leaves their wellbeing intimately intertwined and (2) patients often require others to help with the imaginative task of considering possible futures for each therapeutic option. We show why family involvement in decisionmaking practices can be so critical, and shed light on the ways intimate others help preserve and protect people’s identities amidst the destabilizing uncertainty illness and treatment can bring.
The successful impact of adapting CBT in IAPT for people with complex long-term physical health conditions
Authors: Panchal Rupal , Rich Brian , Rowland Carly , Ryan Tessa , Watts Sarah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is widely recognised that a diagnosis of a long-term physical health condition (LTC) is likely to have a significant impact on a person’s mental health. This is highlighted in the Five Year Forward View for Mental Health (NHS England, 2016) where significant numbers of patients projected to be seen through the expansion of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services are to come from within the LTC community. IAPT services offer evidence-based therapeutic interventions for common mental health issues – anxiety disorders and depression. The South East Staffordshire IAPT services have developed an integrated pathway as a Wave 2 site for the delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) adaptations for LTC. The main themes outlined in this paper focus on the innovations and service developments of IAPT-LTC including: the importance of engagement between mental health and medical healthcare professionals, identifying the key professionals in medical healthcare to enhance engagement, extended training for clinicians with in-house continued professional development, as an extension to the National IAPT-approved top-up training for LTC, and developments in clinical supervision structures and practice, along with future developments in the field of IAPT-LTC. These themes have direct relevance to CBT practitioners working within the LTC community in IAPT services. The four contrasting case studies demonstrate how the application of CBT can successfully be adapted to condition related beliefs and behaviours, despite the complexity of the medical condition. Findings show how integrated services and engaging with medical healthcare professionals had profound benefits for the patients, IAPT therapists and medical healthcare professionals.

Key learning aims

(1)
The good practice points in the development of the IAPT-LTC pathway within South East Staffordshire IAPT services.

(2)
The successful design and implementation of the IAPT-LTC pathway within South East Staffordshire IAPT services.

(3)
The key considerations of the interaction for patients between their physical and mental health symptoms.

(4)
The application of CBT adaptations for people with complex LTCs can be effective in improving psychological wellbeing and physical condition management.
Proxy evidence for state-dependence of climate sensitivity in the Eocene greenhouse
Authors: Anagnostou E. , John E. H. , Babila T. L. , Sexton P. F. , Ridgwell A. , Lunt D. J. , Pearson P. N. , Chalk T. B. , Pancost R. D. , Foster G. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite recent advances, the link between the evolution of atmospheric CO2 and climate during the Eocene greenhouse remains uncertain. In particular, modelling studies suggest that in order to achieve the global warmth that characterised the early Eocene, warmer climates must be more sensitive to CO2 forcing than colder climates. Here, we test this assertion in the geological record by combining a new high-resolution boron isotope-based CO2 record with novel estimates of Global Mean Temperature. We find that Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) was indeed higher during the warmest intervals of the Eocene, agreeing well with recent model simulations, and declined through the Eocene as global climate cooled. These observations indicate that the canonical IPCC range of ECS (1.5 to 4.5 °C per doubling) is unlikely to be appropriate for high-CO2 warm climates of the past, and the state dependency of ECS may play an increasingly important role in determining the state of future climate as the Earth continues to warm.
Regioselective functionalization of aryl azoles as powerful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant targets
Authors: Lutter Ferdinand H. , Grokenberger Lucie , Perego Luca Alessandro , Broggini Diego , Lemaire Sébastien , Wagschal Simon , Knochel Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAryl azole scaffolds are present in a wide range of pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Their ortho-selective metalation at the aryl ring is challenging, due to the competitive metalation of the more acidic heterocycle. Seeking a practical access to a key Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) intermediate currently in development, we investigated the metalation of 1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles and other related heterocycles with sterically hindered metal-amide bases. We report here a room temperature and highly regioselective ortho-magnesiation of several aryl azoles using a tailored magnesium amide, TMPMgBu (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) in hydrocarbon solvents followed by an efficient Pd-catalyzed arylation. This scalable and selective reaction allows variation of the initial substitution pattern of the aryl ring, the nature of the azole moiety, as well as the nature of the electrophile. This versatile method can be applied to the synthesis of bioactive azole derivatives and complements existing metal-mediated ortho-functionalizations.
Cerebrovascular risk factors impact frontoparietal network integrity and executive function in healthy ageing
Authors: Veldsman Michele , Tai Xin-You , Nichols Thomas , Smith Steve , Peixoto João , Manohar Sanjay , Husain Masud 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHealthy cognitive ageing is a societal and public health priority. Cerebrovascular risk factors increase the likelihood of dementia in older people but their impact on cognitive ageing in younger, healthy brains is less clear. The UK Biobank provides cognition and brain imaging measures in the largest population cohort studied to date. Here we show that cognitive abilities of healthy individuals (N = 22,059) in this sample are detrimentally affected by cerebrovascular risk factors. Structural equation modelling revealed that cerebrovascular risk is associated with reduced cerebral grey matter and white matter integrity within a fronto-parietal brain network underlying executive function. Notably, higher systolic blood pressure was associated with worse executive cognitive function in mid-life (44–69 years), but not in late-life (>70 years). During mid-life this association did not occur in the systolic range of 110–140 mmHg. These findings suggest cerebrovascular risk factors impact on brain structure and cognitive function in healthy people.
Population sequencing enhances understanding of tea plant evolution
Authors: Wang Xinchao , Feng Hu , Chang Yuxiao , Ma Chunlei , Wang Liyuan , Hao Xinyuan , Li A’lun , Cheng Hao , Wang Lu , Cui Peng , Jin Jiqiang , Wang Xiaobo , Wei Kang , Ai Cheng , Zhao Sheng , Wu Zhichao , Li Youyong , Liu Benying , Wang Guo-Dong , Chen Liang , Ruan Jue , Yang Yajun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTea is an economically important plant characterized by a large genome, high heterozygosity, and high species diversity. In this study, we assemble a 3.26-Gb high-quality chromosome-scale genome for the ‘Longjing 43’ cultivar of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Genomic resequencing of 139 tea accessions from around the world is used to investigate the evolution and phylogenetic relationships of tea accessions. We find that hybridization has increased the heterozygosity and wide-ranging gene flow among tea populations with the spread of tea cultivation. Population genetic and transcriptomic analyses reveal that during domestication, selection for disease resistance and flavor in C. sinensis var. sinensis populations has been stronger than that in C. sinensis var. assamica populations. This study provides resources for marker-assisted breeding of tea and sets the foundation for further research on tea genetics and evolution.
Treatment of MRSA-infected osteomyelitis using bacterial capturing, magnetically targeted composites with microwave-assisted bacterial killing
Authors: Qiao Yuqian , Liu Xiangmei , Li Bo , Han Yong , Zheng Yufeng , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Li Changyi , Cui Zhenduo , Liang Yanqin , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Wang Xianbao , Wu Shuilin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOwing to the poor penetration depth of light, phototherapy, including photothermal and photodynamic therapies, remains severely ineffective in treating deep tissue infections such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected osteomyelitis. Here, we report a microwave-excited antibacterial nanocapturer system for treating deep tissue infections that consists of microwave-responsive Fe3O4/CNT and the chemotherapy agent gentamicin (Gent). This system, Fe3O4/CNT/Gent, is proven to efficiently target and eradicate MRSA-infected rabbit tibia osteomyelitis. Its robust antibacterial effectiveness is attributed to the precise bacteria-capturing ability and magnetic targeting of the nanocapturer, as well as the subsequent synergistic effects of precise microwaveocaloric therapy from Fe3O4/CNT and chemotherapy from the effective release of antibiotics in infection sites. The advanced target-nanocapturer of microwave-excited microwaveocaloric-chemotherapy with effective targeting developed in this study makes a major step forward in microwave therapy for deep tissue infections.
The trajectory of intrahelical lesion recognition and extrusion by the human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase
Authors: Shigdel Uddhav K. , Ovchinnikov Victor , Lee Seung-Joo , Shih Jenny A. , Karplus Martin , Nam Kwangho , Verdine Gregory L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEfficient search for DNA damage embedded in vast expanses of the DNA genome presents one of the greatest challenges to DNA repair enzymes. We report here crystal structures of human 8-oxoguanine (oxoG) DNA glycosylase, hOGG1, that interact with the DNA containing the damaged base oxoG and the normal base G while they are nested in the DNA helical stack. The structures reveal that hOGG1 engages the DNA using different protein-DNA contacts from those observed in the previously determined lesion recognition complex and other hOGG1-DNA complexes. By applying molecular dynamics simulations, we have determined the pathways taken by the lesion and normal bases when extruded from the DNA helix and their associated free energy profiles. These results reveal how the human oxoG DNA glycosylase hOGG1 locates the lesions inside the DNA helix and facilitates their extrusion for repair.
Global correlates of terrestrial and marine coverage by protected areas on islands
Authors: Mouillot David , Velez Laure , Maire Eva , Masson Alizée , Hicks Christina C. , Moloney James , Troussellier Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany islands are biodiversity hotspots but also extinction epicenters. In addition to strong cultural connections to nature, islanders derive a significant part of their economy and broader wellbeing from this biodiversity. Islands are thus considered as the socio-ecosystems most vulnerable to species and habitat loss. Yet, the extent and key correlates of protected area coverage on islands is still unknown. Here we assess the relative influence of climate, geography, habitat diversity, culture, resource capacity, and human footprint on terrestrial and marine protected area coverage across 2323 inhabited islands globally. We show that, on average, 22% of terrestrial and 13% of marine island areas are under protection status, but that half of all islands have no protected areas. Climate, diversity of languages, human population density and development are strongly associated with differences observed in protected area coverage among islands. Our study suggests that economic development and population growth may critically limit the amount of protection on islands.
Room temperature near unity spin polarization in 2D Van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Danliang , Liu Ying , He Mai , Zhang Ao , Chen Shula , Tong Qingjun , Huang Lanyu , Zhou Zhiyuan , Zheng Weihao , Chen Mingxing , Braun Kai , Meixner Alfred J. , Wang Xiao , Pan Anlian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe generation and manipulation of spin polarization at room temperature are essential for 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials-based spin-photonic and spintronic applications. However, most of the high degree polarization is achieved at cryogenic temperatures, where the spin-valley polarization lifetime is increased. Here, we report on room temperature high-spin polarization in 2D layers by reducing its carrier lifetime via the construction of vdW heterostructures. A near unity degree of polarization is observed in PbI2 layers with the formation of type-I and type-II band aligned vdW heterostructures with monolayer WS2 and WSe2. We demonstrate that the spin polarization is related to the carrier lifetime and can be manipulated by the layer thickness, temperature, and excitation wavelength. We further elucidate the carrier dynamics and measure the polarization lifetime in these heterostructures. Our work provides a promising approach to achieve room temperature high-spin polarizations, which contribute to spin-photonics applications.