bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus mutans TAHUN 2020
Authors: Fahdi Firdaus , Sari Herviani 
Published: November 2020

The Gnetum gnemon can be used as a medicine that has the function of anti-bacterial. The chemical content inside which is anti-bacterial is flavonoids and tannins. This study aims to find out the antibacterial from the ethanol extract of melinjo leaves can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans with a concentration of 300 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml, and 500 mg/ml. The test of anti-bacterial activity for the growth Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans is done by using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that melinjo leaf contains an alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, steroid and saponin compounds. The results of the simplicia powder characteristics obtained a total ash content of 7.495%, ash content insoluble in acid 0.785%, ethanol-soluble extract 4.324%, water-soluble extract 17.690%. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the ethanol extract of melinjo leaves obtained can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans namely at a concentration of 300 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml, and 500 mg/ml into the medium inhibition zone category. Ethanol extract of melinjo leaves has antibacterial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans with an average diameter of inhibition zone of 9.7 mm (medium category) against Staphylococcus aureus and 6.7 mm (medium category) against bacteria Streptococcus mutans.
FORMULASI OBAT KUMUR GAMBIR DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Harnis Zola Efa 
Published: November 2020

Oral hygiene and dental health are very important, there are various kinds of patogen bacteria in the oral cavity, including the bacteria that cause thrush, Staphylococcus aureus. Gambir is the result of extraction containing polyphenol compounds. The main components contained in gambir consist of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The use of gambir as a mouthwash preparation is an alternative to replace mouthwash preparations which generally contain an antiseptic in the form of alcohol which can trigger oral cancer. This research is to formulate gambir as a mouthwash and determine the differences in the effectiveness of antibacterial on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with variations in the concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%. Antibacterial activity test using NA media with agar diffusion method. Physical requirements tests include organoleptic tests, pH tests and viscosity testsshowed that the preparation of 5%, 10% and 15% gambir mouthwash had a pH outside the optimum bacterial growth range of 5. Viscosity of mouthwash preparations of 1.30-5.10 Cp. The antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus in F1 did not produce inhibitory zones, F2 was 5.46 mm, F3 was 9.60 mm and F4 was 10.76 mm while in f5 the positive control was 12.10 mm. Conclusio of this study is gambier mouthwash concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% can inhibit the growth of staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
PENGUJIAN EFEKTIVITAS DIURETIK KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN AFRIKA (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum Del.) DAN DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PADA TIKUS JANTAN
Authors: Simorangkir Delisma 
Published: November 2020

African Leaf and palm leaf crops have a secondary metabolite content such as alkaloids and flavonoids that are efficacious as diuretics. The purpose of this study is to know the effectiveness of diuretics from the combination African leaf ethanol extract and palm leaf ethanol extract. Methods used Eksperiemental. The test of diuretic activity is conducted divided into 6 treatment groups. Each group consists of 3 tails of white rats. Group 1 (positive control) administered Furosemide 3.6 mg/kgBB, Group 2 (negative control) was given suspension Na-CMC 0.5%, group 3 without treatment as well as groups of 4.5, and 6 in a row administered a combination of African leaf extract doses and extracts Oil palm leaf ethanol in a row of "50 mg/kgBB + 67, 5mg/kgBB"; "100mg/kgBB + 135 mg/kgBB"; and "200 mg/kgBB + 270 mg/kgBB". Each mouse is then given a 20ml NaCl/kgBB as an oral loading dose. Measured urine volume is recorded every hour for 6 hours after it continues to measure urine volume. The results showed that the combination of African leaf ethanol extract dosage and palm leaf ethanol extract had a diuretic effect if it was compared with negative control. The conclusion of the study was the results of the study showed that the combination of African leaf extract dosage and palm leaf extract is the most effective dose of Group 6 (African leaf extract 200 mg/kgBB + palm leaves 270 mg/kgBB ). Because it produces the highest urine volume of 23.01 ml.
POTENTIAL OF USING MACHINOEKI AS PUSH FACTOR TO ENCOURAGE COMMUNITY WALKING IN TOWN
Authors: Shamsul Harumain Yong Adilah , Nordin Nikmatul Adha , Azmi Nur Farhana , Teppei Osada , Morimoto Akinori , Zaini SF 
Published: November 2020

Prior studies have identified that enhancing a city’s walkability could be helpful in revitalizing an old, decayed or blighted downtown. While the benefits of walking are obvious and have been widely explored especially in terms of health and environment, this paper explores the potential of Machinoeki as a push factor in changing the mindset of a community about walking. A pilot survey was conducted to understand the interests of people in selecting their mode of transport and to communicate with the willingness of respondents to change their attitude by introducing facilities that can promote walking needs. To gather a collection of respondents and further to illustrate the role of Machinoeki, a simple random sampling method was used. The paper concludes that while Machinoeki has the right facilities to encourage walking, more research is needed to demonstrate the link between facilities with the community's preference for walking in town. In this analysis, however, we found that the Machinoeki components have the potential to be a push factor with respect to the positive responses of 72 percent of respondents to Machinoeki's ability to encourage walking.
Keywords: Walkability, Machinoeki, Public Transportation, Taiping
INDIVIDUAL, ORGANIZATION AND OPPORTUNITY FACTOR IN THE RELATION TO EMPLOYEE MISCONDUCT IN WORKPLACE: A REVIEW
Authors: Kunapalan Hemamalani d/o Kunapalan , Visvanathan Vijaya Baskaran 
Published: November 2020

There are several significant variables that leading to employee misconduct in workplace: individual factor,organization factor and opportunity factor. This paper will examine those significant factors, followed by a brief introduction of these sets of factors. A case will be presented to illustrate and demonstrate the model in evaluating ethical misconduct in workplace. The main causes of misconduct of employees will be evaluated and overcoming the obstacle will be exposed. Employee misconduct might be common in public and private sector; however, an appropriate action should be imposed to determine the minimal consequences towards employee performance and organizational development.
Keyword: Individual, organization, opportunity, employee, misconduct
GAJAH (யானை) DALAM PERIBAHASA TAMIL: ANALISIS SEMANTIK INKUISITIF
Authors: Murthy Tangaprabu , Subet Mary Fatimah 
Published: November 2020

The culture and the intellect of the community can be seen through figurative language, especially proverbs. However, society is less aware of the culture elements that are hidden behind each proverbs. Therefore, This study was conducted to identify the implicit meaning of the Tamil proverbs with the image of an elephant (yanai) and to look at the cultural influence and intellect of the community analyzed using the inquisitive semantic approach introduced by Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014). Fifteen informants were seleted and interviewed via NORF sampling leading to Non-Mobile, Older, female and NORM which is Non-Mobile, Older, Male. The results show that each proverb is used based on several factors such as history, religion, culture and so on. In fact, the results also indicate that there is a high degree of intellect in the creation of this elephant-inspired proverbs.
Keywords: Tamil proverbs; inquisitive semantics; Indian community; animal; elephant (yanai)

Abstrak: Budaya dan akal budi sesebuah masyarakat dapat dilihat melalui bahasa kiasan contohnya peribahasa. Walau bagaimanpun, masyarakat kurang mengetahui unsur budaya yang tersembunyi di sebalik setiap penciptaan sesebuah peribahasa. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengenal pasti makna implisit di sebalik peribahasa Tamil yang mempunyai imej gajah (yanai) dan melihat pengaruh budaya serta akal budi masyarakat India. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan semantik inkuisitif yang diperkenalkan oleh Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014) bagi menganalisis datanya. Lima belas orang informan yang dipilih dan ditemu bual secata mendalam melalui persampelan bertujuan. Pemilihan informan adalah secara NORF iaitu merujuk kepada Non Mobile, Old, Remote dan Female dan NORM merujuk kepada Non-mobile (tinggal tetap), Older (tua), Rural (luar bandar), Male (lelaki). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa setiap peribahasa digunakan berdasarkan beberapa sebab seperti sejarah, agama, budaya dan sebagainya. Malah, hasil turut menunjukkan bahawa terdapat unsur akal budi yang tinggi dalam penciptaan peribahasa yang berunsur gajah ini.
Kata kunci: Peribahasa Tamil; semantik inkuisitif; masyarakat India; haiwan; gajah (yanai)
PERISTIWA ANEH DALAM CERITA RAKYAT “HIKAYAT NAKHODA MUDA”: ANALISIS SEMANTIK INKUISITIF
Authors: Hedel Nur Ezatull Fadtehah , Subet Mary Fatimah 
Published: November 2020

Strange events always absorbed in the creation of folk stories. This happens as strange events are able to trigger emotions such as excitement, curiosity and peculiarity among readers and listeners. However, the strange event cannot be translated literally due to the presence of the implicit meaning in the text. Therefore, to explore the implicit meanings that occur in the text, the researcher applied the Inquisitive Semantics (IS) by Jalaluddin (2014) and Bridging Cross Reference (BCR) approach by Kempson (1986). This is a fully qualitative study as it involves text analysis from a documented book. The source of the data was obtained from a book entitled “Antologi Enam Hikayat” by Nor (2016). The limitation of this study, the researcher only analyze folklore entitle “Hikayat Nakhoda Muda”. Based on the findings of the study, this folklore have 10 strange event. Therefore, by using IS and BCR, the researcher can answer why strange events occur in this folklore based on data, cognitive, theory and philosophy in order to explore the wisdom of the people in the past that are high in intellect.
Keywords: folklore; Hikayat Nakhoda Muda; strange event; inquisitive semantics; intelligence

Abstrak: Peristiwa aneh sering diserapkan dalam penciptaan cerita rakyat. Perkara ini berlaku supaya dapat menimbulkan perasaan teruja, tanda tanya mahupun kepelikan dalam kalangan pembaca dan pendengar. Namun begitu, peristiwa aneh ini tidak dapat diterjemahkan secara harfiah sahaja kerana kejadian tersebut bersifat tersirat. Oleh itu, bagi merungkai sebab kejadian aneh dalam cerita rakyat ini, pengkaji mengaplikasikan pendekatan Semantik Inkuisitif (SI) oleh Jalaluddin (2014) serta dibantu pendekatan Rangka Rujuk Silang (RRS) oleh Kempson (1986). Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif sepenuhnya dengan mengaplikasikan analisis dokumen yang telah dibukukan. Sumber data diperoleh daripada buku hikayat yang berjudul “Antologi Enam Hikayat” terbitan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka hasil usaha Nor (2016). Namun begitu, sebagai batasan kajian pengkaji akan menganalisis cerita rakyat “Hikayat Nakhoda Muda”. Berdasarkan dapatan kajian, cerita rakyat “Hikayat Nakhoda Muda” mempunyai 10 peristiwa aneh. Oleh itu, berpandukan pendekatan SI dan RRS ini pengkaji dapat menjawab sebab terjadinya kejadian aneh dalam cerita rakyat tersebut berpandukan data, teori kognitif dan falsafah demi mencungkil akal budi penututnya.
Kata kunci: Cerita rakyat; Hikayat Nakhoda Muda; peristiwa aneh; Semantik Inkuisitif; akal budi
MALAYSIAN TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION AND CHALLENGES TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FLIPPED LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Hashim Nurul Ainna , Shaari Nurliana Dalila 
Published: November 2020

Flipping the classroom has given a lot of attention by many studies nowadays. Driven in by the technology widespread and its fast development, the flipped classroom is one of the recent trending in teaching practices. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate teachers’ perceptions and challenges towards the implementation of flipped learning approach. Several research studies showed that using flipped learning approach increases students’ understanding and confidence in learning. Flipped classroom allows students to have their own time of video-based (Vodcast) lecture session following with in-class exercises and practices. This paper briefly discusses on the history of flipped classroom, teachers’ perception and challenges issues of flipped learning approach to ESL/EFL teachers. A structured questionnaire was carried out to find out teachers’ perception and challenges in flipped learning approach to ESL/EFL teachers. The sample in this study consists of 50 respondents which are 9 males and 41 females. The results show that most teachers agreed that they find teaching through online is useful. It can be said that the biggest teachers’ challenge in implementing flipped learning approach as they feel teachers’ feedback is very important in the flipped learning classroom. Meanwhile, there is no significant relationship between teachers’ perception and teachers’ challenges.
Keywords: ESL setting, Flipped Classroom, ICT in education, Teachers’ perception, Vodcast
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE SOCIAL DISCLOSURES AND BOARD CHARACTERISTICS: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Authors: Idris Adamu Adamu , Abdulrasheed Nafisat Muritala , Ekundayo Oyindamola 
Published: November 2020

The concept of disclosure in the financial statements of an organization is pivotal to the existence of the firm. This study investigates the effect of board characteristics on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of listed consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, using a sample of ten (10) consumer goods firms. The study covers 10 years (2009-2018) and employed ex post facto research design. OLS regression analysis was adopted. The study found a positive significant relationship between two board characteristics (female directors on board and outside directors) and CSR disclosure of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Therefore, with board characteristics explaining 33.7% of the variation in the CSR disclosure of these firms, we recommend that firms should be encouraged to continue to hire female directors and more of outside directors on their boards. These will improve CSR disclosure and in return benefit the firm legitimately.
Keywords: Board characteristics, Corporate social responsibility disclosure, Legitimacy theory, Nigeria
[Comparison of The Procedure of Lineage Determination and Its Implemention in Maghribi and Indonesia: A Literature Review on Islamic Views and Form of Implementation}]
Authors: Hazni Nurul Hasna , Dahaman @ Dahlan Mohd Akram 
Published: November 2020

There are several methods in determining lineage (al-Nasab) in Islam such as al-firasy, iqrar, bayyinah, qiyafah and qur'ah. Islamic countries like Maghribi and Indonesia has been one step forward in strengthening the country’s Judicial Institution by implementing other option besides al-firasy for the matter of lineage determination especially for the offspring who does not have right in lineage through only al-firasy or in other word, a child that born out of wedlock. Therefore, observations are done to see Islamic views that are used by judicial system in Maghribi and Indonesia in drafting the law and deciding the implementations of methods for cases involving lineage determination. This observation also includes the comparisons on how the law is implemented legislatively on the Islamic society in Maghribi and Indonesia. Literature review method is used and the analysis details is via content analysis method. This is an initiative to assist further discussion on the issue of lineage determination in Malaysia.
Terdapat beberapa kaedah penetapan nasab dalam Islam seperti al-firasy, iqrar, bayyinah, qiyafah dan qur’ah. Negara-negara Islam seperti Maghribi dan Indonesia telah terkehadapan dalam memperkukuhkan institusi kehakiman dengan mengambil kaedah lain selain al-firasy untuk urusan penasaban anak, terutama bagi anak yang tidak mempunyai hak penasaban melalui al-firasy semata-mata atau lebih tepat, anak tidak sah taraf. Justeru, penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat hujah syarak yang diguna pakai oleh kehakiman Maghribi dan Indonesia dalam menggubal undang-undang dan memutuskan penggunaan sesuatu kaedah dalam kes pensabitan nasab. Penelitian ini juga merangkumi perbandingan bentuk perlaksanaan di sudut perundangan berkaitan penasaban dalam masyarakat Islam di Maghribi dan di Indonesia. Metode kajian literatur digunakan dan perincian analisa data melalui kaedah analisis kandungan. Usaha ini adalah untuk membantu ke arah perbincangan lanjut mengenai isu penasaban di Malaysia.
[The Factors of Attendance to “Gempur Subuh Programme” An-Nur Mosque among The Navy People Rmn Lumut Base] Faktor Kehadiran Program Gempur Subuh Masjid An-Nur dalam Kalangan The Navy People Pangkalan Tldm Lumut
Authors: Khalid Nurul Khairiah , Yaacob Mazlah , Ali Hassan Ahmad Rozaini , Nadzif Wan Kamal 
Published: November 2020

Gempur Subuh Program (PGS) is one of the religious programs run by an-Nur Mosque, RMN Lumut Base. The program aims to increase the spirit of worship and spiritual awareness among the Navy people. The objective of this study is to obtain feedback on the attendance of the Navy people for PGS, whether they are willingly present, forced or present due to other reasons. The design of this study is quantitative using descriptive approach. A total of 1087 respondents were selected to answer questionnaires which were distributed online. The data obtained were analyzed using percentage, mean and standard deviation. The findings show that the implementation of PGS has received a good response, with “self-awareness” marks the highest factor for the attendance. Continuous improvements need to be made to further enhance its management and programming.
Wanita dan aspek keilmuan ibarat ikatan yang saling berpadu dalam memastikan keharmonian tamadun Islam. Namun, cabaran seperti masalah kesihatan jasmani dan rohani boleh mengganggu proses pembentukan tamadun Islam itu. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana pendekatan terapi psikospiritual Islam di Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Pahang Kampus Jengka yang dilakukan khusus bagi pelajar wanita yang mengalami masalah kerohanian. Kajian ini juga memaparkan proses rawatan kesihatan pelajar secara umum di kampus sebelum dirawat dengan kaedah terapi psikospiritual Islam. Kajian mendapati UiTM Pahang Kampus Jengka telah mengambil inisiatif yang tepat dalam usaha menjaga kemaslahatan pelajar di kampus. Seterusnya membawa suatu perubahan yang lebih positif dalam kehidupan pelajar secara holist Program Gempur Subuh (PGS) adalah salah satu program kerohanian bagi aktiviti pengimarahan Masjid an-Nur, Pangkalan TLDM Lumut. Program ini bermatlamat untuk meningkatkan penghayatan ibadah dan keagamaan kepada para anggota. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan maklum balas berkaitan kehadiran anggota ke PGS, sama ada mereka hadir dengan rela hati, terpaksa ataupun hadir atas faktor-faktor lain. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Seramai 1087 responden telah dipilih untuk menjawab soal selidik yang diedar secara atas talian. Data-data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan peratus, min dan sisihan piawai. Dapatan kajian mendapati pelaksanaan PGS telah mendapat respon yang baik. Faktor kesedaran kendiri anggota adalah paling tinggi dalam mendorong kehadiran ke PGS. Penambahbaikan secara berterusan perlu dilakukan bagi memantapkan lagi pengurusan dan pengisian program.
[‘Urf in The Interaction of The Indigenuos People Tradition in Malaysia] Pertimbangan Uruf dalam Interaksi Tradisi Masyrakat Orang Asli di Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Paiz , Ramli Mohd Anuar 
Published: November 2020

The indigenous people are rich with unique customs and culture that have been passed down through ages. These people are deeply influenced by the beliefs of animism and nature. They uphold the custom practised in all aspects of life. The presence of Islam at the centre of their lives brought significant changes in the framework of religious life to the belief in the Oneness of God and at the same time clashes occurred with local custom. To oppose the tradition means to create disagreement with the locals and erode their identity which will lead to conflict if it is not managed in harmony. Nevertheless, Islam is a universal religion which is able to play a role in interacting with local customs through various instruments, including the `urf. In this regard, this study aims to discuss the role of `urf in managing the culture of the indigenous people. To achieve the objective, the researchers have utilized the library research by referring to the literatures related to the discussion of Islamic scholars in various disciplines of fiqh and usūl al-fiqh. The research found that the tradition of the indigenous people can be maintained, either to be fully accepted when it is not contradicted to the Islamic law, or to be modified so it will be parallel with the standard of the `urf. Whereas, tradition which violates the law especially the practice of animism is intransigently rejected.
Masyarakat orang asli kaya dengan pelbagai adat resam dan budaya unik yang diwarisi sejak turun temurun. Tradisi mereka banyak dipengaruhi oleh kepercayaan animisme dan alam semula jadi. Mereka menjunjung tinggi adat yang diamalkan dalam segenap aspek kehidupan. Kehadiran Islam di tengah kehidupan mereka membawa perubahan yang signifikan dalam kerangka kehidupan beragama kepada kepercayaan Tuhan yang Esa dan pada masa yang sama berlaku pertembungan dengan adat masyarakat setempat. Menentang tradisi bererti membawa kepada permusuhan dengan warga setempat dan menghilangkan identiti mereka sehingga jika tidak dilestarikan secara harmoni akan menimbulkan konflik. Namun begitu, Islam sebagai agama yang universal mampu berperanan dalam interaksi dengan adat setempat melalui pelbagai instrumen antaranya adalah uruf. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini akan membincangkan peranan uruf dalam menangani budaya masyarakat orang asli. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji menggunakan kajian kepustakaan sepenuhnya dengan menelusuri literatur berkaitan dengan perbincangan sarjana Islam dalam pelbagai disiplin ilmu fiqh dan usul fiqh. Hasil kajian mendapati tradisi masyarakat orang asli boleh dikekalkan sama ada diterima sepenuhnya sekiranya tidak bertentangan dengan hukum syarak atau dilakukan modifikasi supaya selari dengan piawaian uruf. Manakala adat yang menyalahi terutamanya fahaman animisme ditolak sepenuhnya tanpa kompromi.
Parametric Study on Volume Fraction of Representative Volume Element (RVE) CFRP and GFRP Towards Tensile Properties
Authors: Ab Ghani Ahmad Fuad 
Published: November 2020

The properties such as fibre content, orientation, dimension of constituent fibres (diameter), level of intermixing of fibres, interface bonding between fibre and matrix, and arrangement of fibres between different types of fibres, influences the mechanical properties of hybrid composite.Representative Volume Element (RVE) for each constituent CFRP and GFRP assumed isotropic behavior for carbon fibre, glass fibre and epoxy resin matrix and assumed to be perfectly bonded interface between fibre and matrix region i.e. strain compatibility at the interface. The scope of study on the micro mechanical modelling via representative volume element (RVE) is limited only to unidirectional composites.