bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A debt repaid? A case of an unusual foreign body found in the nasal cavity
Authors: Gamieldien M.Y. , Musson C.G. , Uys A. , Buchanan G.D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe appearance of nasal foreign bodies is well reported in children but hardly ever seen in adults. These objects are often easily identified and removed. This report documents an unusual case of a bank note lodged in the nasal cavity of an adult male. The foreign body in question presented a significant diagnostic challenge both from a clinical and radiological perspective. Careful review of the case history, as well as clinical and radiographic features, led to appropriate management and avoidance of unnecessary interventions. Clinicians involved in head and neck surgery and radiology should suspect, and be aware of the radiographic appearance, of a wide variety of foreign bodies.
Sinonasal papilloma: diagnosis following dental pain
Authors: Gallacher N. , Gormley M. , Pring M. , Revington P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSinonasal papillomas (SPs) are benign neoplasms that arise within the nasal cavity. Diagnosis may be challenging, given the often non‐specific symptoms including nasal obstruction, headaches and rhinorrhoea. SPs can be locally destructive, have a high tendency to reoccur and may be associated with transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. Management, therefore often, involves surgical excision and careful follow‐up.
Post‐Dural Puncture Headache Evolving to a Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report
Authors: Dehaene Seppe , Biesemans Jeroen , Van Boxem Koen , Vidts Wesley , Sterken Joeri , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionCervical epidural corticosteroid injections are frequently used for the treatment of subacute cervicobrachial pain. This therapy is considered safe, with the vast majority of the complications being minor and transient.Case ReportWe present a case of a woman in her fifties who suffered from cervicobrachialgia and received 2 cervical epidural corticosteroid infiltrations. On day 3 after the second infiltration, a new headache appeared and on day 16 a bilateral subdural hematoma was visualized on CT scan. Complete resorption of the hematoma was seen on day 25 without surgical intervention.DiscussionUp until now, only 1 case report of an intracranial subdural hematoma after a cervical epidural steroid injection has been published. But several cases of an intracranial subdural hematoma after spinal, epidural, or combined spinal and epidural anesthesia have been reported. Physicians should be aware of this potentially dramatic complication since post‐dural puncture headache after any type of procedure can evolve into a subdural hematoma. Clinical differentiation between the two can be difficult; post‐dural puncture headache is characterized by relief of symptoms in the supine position and photophobia/phonophobia. A subdural hematoma should be considered if the headache changes in character, does not respond to treatment, or there are neurological signs such as nausea/vomiting and blurred vision. Immediate medical imaging should then be performed.
Current account and international networks
Authors: Grechyna Daryna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of international trade and financial networks on the current account balances. The network centrality measures are computed based on the structure and volume of trade and financial flows among the countries. A more central position in the international trade network improves the current account balance in developed countries but has no impact on the current account in developing countries. A more central position in the international financial network improves the current account balance in developed and developing countries. Besides, the impact of the international financial network on the current account has become stronger over time.
What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?
Authors: Troye‐Blomberg Marita , Arama Charles , Quin Jaclyn , Bujila Ioana , Östlund Farrants Ann‐Kristin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub‐Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide‐treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.
Effects of crop residue mulch and seedbed preparation methods on soil properties and rainfed groundnut production in Alfisols of semi‐arid India
Authors: Pandian Kannan , Subramaniayan Ponmani , Gnasekaran Prabukumar , Chitraputhirapillai Swaminathan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDecreased frequency but greater intensity of rainfall in semi‐arid India severely affects growth and the yield of rainfed annual food crops, where there is no other source of water, leading to moisture stress during protracted dry spells. As Indian farmers growing rainfed crops are small landholders, their better option is in situ rainwater harvesting. This ensures moisture storage and increases soil moisture available to rainfed crops with less‐costly investment. Accordingly, a field investigation was established over 2011, 2012 and 2013 at the Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Chettinad, India. We studied the effects of seedbed preparation method (SBPM) and mulching with crop residues (CRM) on soil physicochemical properties, growth, yield and yield attributes of groundnut. Greater soil moisture content was measured under compartmental bunding (CB) and raised bed (RB) with CRM than under flatbed (FB). Soil bulk density was considerably smaller under CB and RB with CRM (1.36 and 1.37 Mg m−3) compared with FB (1.39 Mg m−3). Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) was larger under CB and RB with CRM (563 and 542 mg kg−1soil, respectively) than FB with and without CRM. RB with CRM application contained more soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (3.1 Mg ha−1) than FB. CB with CRM resulted in larger groundnut yield (1,604 kg ha−1) and rainwater use efficiency (5.8 kg ha−1 mm−1) than the FB with and without CRM; RB and RF with CRM were intermediate. The ideal seedbed preparation for groundnut crop in Alfisol under semi‐arid conditions was compartmental bunding (CB) and raised bed (RB) along with CRM.
Disseminated cryptococcosis with cutaneous manifestation
Authors: Johnson Matthew M. , Gajurel Kiran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCutaneous cryptococcosis is uncommon. It is usually a result of disseminated infection and can present with a wide variety of skin lesions. We report a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a kidney transplant recipient who presented with nodular lesions in the forehead following a bout of acute cellular rejection.
Bugs, breathing and blood pressure: microbiota–gut–brain axis signalling in cardiorespiratory control in health and disease
Authors: O'Connor Karen M. , Lucking Eric F. , Cryan John F. , O'Halloran Ken D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is clear evidence of physiological effects of the gut microbiota on whole‐body function in health and disease. Microbiota–gut–brain axis signalling is recognised as a key player in behavioural disorders such as depression and anxiety. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota affects neurocontrol networks responsible for homeostatic functions that are essential for life. We consider the evidence suggesting the potential for the gut microbiota to shape cardiorespiratory homeostasis. In various animal models of disease, there is an association between cardiorespiratory morbidity and perturbed gut microbiota, with strong evidence in support of a role of the gut microbiota in the control of blood pressure. Interventions that target the gut microbiota or manipulate the gut–brain axis, such as short‐chain fatty acid supplementation, prevent hypertension in models of obstructive sleep apnoea. Emerging evidence points to a role for the microbiota–gut–brain axis in the control of breathing and ventilatory responsiveness, relevant to cardiorespiratory disease. There is also evidence for an association between the gut microbiota and disease severity in people with asthma and cystic fibrosis. There are many gaps in the knowledge base and an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms by which gut health and dysbiosis contribute to cardiorespiratory control. Nevertheless, there is a growing consensus that manipulation of the gut microbiota could prove an efficacious adjunctive strategy in the treatment of common cardiorespiratory diseases, which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.
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Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Polarization and Impedance Variation With Thin Porous Samarium-Doped Ceria and Gadolinium-Doped Ceria Buffer Layer Thickness
Authors: Milcarek Ryan J. , Ahn Jeongmin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Porous buffer layers for anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been investigated for many years with different thicknesses of the buffer layer in each study. In this work, micro-tubular SOFCs having samarium-doped ceria (SDC) and gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) buffer layers are compared using the current–voltage technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The thickness of the porous SDC and GDC buffer layer is investigated systematically with the thickness varying between 0.3 and 2.0 μm. The power density varies between 212 and 1004 mW/cm2 for samples having different SDC buffer layer thickness. Comparable changes occur for the SOFCs with a GDC buffer layer, but less variation in polarization losses resulted. Variation in electrochemical performance varies due to changes in ohmic resistance, cathode activation polarization, and interfacial reactions between the cathode and electrolyte materials.
Integrated Prediction of Mechanical Behavior for the Non-Aligned Fiber Composites With Experimental Validation
Authors: Jiang Bingyun , Tian Chen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to present an integrated multi-scale method for predicting the anisotropic and nonlinear elasto-plastic behavior of short glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials typically produced by injection molding. The proposed method combines injection molding and microstructure together, with considering the nonaligned fibers and their corresponding anisotropy, to semi-analytically estimate the local effective mechanical properties at every point of GFRP. Micro-computed tomography measurement and injection molding simulation are used to obtain the fiber orientation tensor. The two-step mean-field homogenization method is applied to calculate the mechanical behaviors of the PA66GF30 GFRP with distributed-orientation fibers based on the fiber orientation tensor. Reverse engineering is used to obtain the optimized parameters of J2-plasticity and Tsai-Hill three-dimensional transversely isotropic stain-based failure criterion. Moreover, the integral mapping method can complete the transformation of the fiber orientation tensor from injection simulation to structure simulation model. The proposed integrated approach with the optimized parameters is verified by predicting the ring samples’ behavior from injection plates. The results from this investigation are expected to provide some design guidelines for GFRP composites.
Dynamic Crack Propagation and Its Interaction With Micro-Cracks in an Impact Problem
Authors: Candaş Adem , Oterkus Erkan , İmrak Cevat Erdem 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe dynamic fracture behavior of brittle materials that contain micro-level cracks should be examined when material subjected to impact loading. We investigated the effect of micro-cracks on the propagation of macro-cracks that initiate from notch tips in the Kalthoff–Winkler experiment, a classical impact problem. To define predefined micro-cracks in three-dimensional space, we proposed a two-dimensional micro-crack plane definition in the bond-based peridynamics (PD) that is a non-local form of classical continuum theory. Randomly distributed micro-cracks with different number densities in a constant area and number in expending area models were examined to monitor the toughening of the material. The velocities of macro-crack propagation and the time required for completing fractures were considered in several predefined micro-cracks cases. It has been observed that toughening mechanism is only initiated by exceeding a certain number of micro-cracks; therefore, there is a positive correlation between the density of predefined micro-cracks and macro-crack propagation rate and, also, toughening mechanism.
Fracture Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium Under Tension at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Sajadifar S. V. , Maier H. J. , Niendorf T. , Yapici G. G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This investigation focused on the deformation response and microstructural changes of severely deformed titanium during post-severe plastic deformation tension, at temperatures of 300–600 °C and at strain rates of 0.001–0.1 s−1. The obtained results suggest that SPD enhances the strength of grade 4 titanium up to 500 °C. At above 600 °C, the severely deformed microstructure showed comprehensive recovery. Severely deformed titanium was seen to be highly sensitive to the deformation rate, where strain rate sensitivity increased with the increase of test temperature. Analysis of fracture surfaces reveals that at elevated temperatures, growth of dimples and void coalescence occurs due to the enhanced diffusion rate and occurrence of recrystallized grains.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Based Mixing Prediction for Tilt Pad Journal Bearing TEHD Modeling—Part I: TEHD-CFD Model Validation and Improvements
Authors: Yang Jongin , Palazzolo Alan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe core contributions of Part I (1) present a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based approach for tilting pad journal bearing (TPJB) modeling including thermo-elasto hydrodynamic (TEHD) effects with multi-mode pad flexibility, (2) validate the model by comparison with experimental work, and (3) investigate the limitations of the conventional approach by contrasting it with the new approach. The modeling technique is advanced from the author’s previous work by including pad flexibility. The results demonstrate that the conventional approach of disregarding the three-dimensional flow physics between pads (BP) can generate significantly different pressure, temperature, heat flux, dynamic viscosity, and film thickness distributions, relative to the high-fidelity CFD model. The uncertainty of the assumed mixing coefficient (MC) may be a serious weakness when using a conventional, TPJB Reynolds model, leading to prediction errors in static and dynamic performance. The advanced mixing prediction method for “BP” thermal flow developed in Part I will be implemented with machine learning techniques in Part II to provide a means to enhance the accuracy of conventional Reynolds based TPJB models.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Based Mixing Prediction for Tilt Pad Journal Bearing TEHD Modeling—Part II: Implementation With Machine Learning
Authors: Yang Jongin , Palazzolo Alan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Reynolds based thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic (TEHD) simulations of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) generally provide accurate results; however, the uncertainty of the pad’s leading edge thermal boundary conditions causes uncertainty of the results. The highly complex thermal-flow mixing action between pads (BPs) results from the oil supply nozzle jets and geometric features. The conventional Reynolds approach employs mixing coefficients (MCs), estimated from experience, to approximate a uniform inlet temperature for each pad. Part I utilized complex computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow modeling to illustrate that temperature distributions at the pad inlets may deviate strongly from being uniform. The present work retains the uniform MC model but obtains the MC from detailed three-dimensional CFD modeling and machine learning, which could be extended to the radially and axially varying MC case. The steps for implementing an artificial neural network (ANN) approach for MC regression are provided as follows: (1) utilize a design of experiment step for obtaining an adaptable training set, (2) conduct CFD simulations on the BP to obtain the outputs of the training set, (3) apply an ANN learning process by Levenverg–Mardquart backpropagation with the Bayesian regularization, and (4) couple the ANN MC results with conventional TEHD Reynolds models. An approximate log fitting method provides a simplified approach for MC regression. The effectiveness of the Reynolds TEHD TPJB model with ANN regression-based MC distributions is confirmed by comparison with CFD based TEHD TPJB model results. The method obtains an accuracy nearly the same as the complete CFD model, but with the computational economy of a Reynolds approach.
Evaluation of Tribological Performance of Jatropha Oil Modified With Molybdenum Disulphide Micro-Particles for Steel–Steel Contacts
Authors: Mushtaq Zahid , Hanief M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Crude oil reserves are sapping with time, therefore researchers have considerably shifted their focus to bio-lubricants which can be surrogated for petroleum-based lubricants. The objective of the present research is to cater an idea to the researchers about the lubricating potentials of Jatropha oil (JO). The study was performed using reciprocating friction monitor (RFM) machine having ball-on-flat arrangement with 52100 chromium steel ball and EN-31 steel as a tribo-pair. The experiments were conducted at three different loads at a temperature of 40 °C. JO was mixed with glycerol (G) and different percentages of molybdenum disulphide (0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) micro-particles to prepare a lubricant. The friction and wear of the tribo-pair was assessed in the presence of these mixtures. The results revealed that MoS2 micro-particles were effective in reducing both friction and wear, with minimum friction recorded at 2% MoS2 concentration. The coefficient of friction (COF) was reduced by 18–52% with the addition of MoS2 as compared to the base JO. The results showed that JO has better lubrication ability as compared to the commercial lubricant SAE 10W/30. The experimental results were substantiated by examinations of tribo-pairs on scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, and optical three-dimensional profilometer. The results were found to be in close agreement with each other. It was concluded that the blend (80% JO + 20% G + 2% MoS2) is a strong candidate that can be used in the place of mineral oils as a lubricant.
Advanced Exergy, Exergoeconomic, Exergoenvironmental Evaluation of a Solar Hybrid Trigeneration System Based on Solar Gas Turbine for an Office Building
Authors: Miar Naeimi Masoud , Eftekhari Yazdi Mohammad , Salehi Gholam Reza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this article, optimal design and advanced exergetic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses of a trigeneration system for an office building based on integration flat plate solar collector and gas turbine have been performed. The proposed system includes a heat recovery steam generator, a steam turbine, a solar plate collector, and an absorption chiller. The transient simulation for solar calculation has been done using transys software. In addition, a computer code was built to compute conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental evaluation dynamically. Furthermore, multiobjective optimization by NSGA-II and cuckoo Search algorithm with maximum exergetic efficiency, minimum total exergetic cost, and minimum exergetic environmental impacts has been carried out simultaneously. The results demonstrate that the three objective parameters have been enhanced. Also, the endogenous, exogenous, available, and unavailable parts of exergy destruction have been determined.
Transient Thermodynamic Modeling of Air Cooler in Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle for Solar Molten Salt Application
Authors: Deshmukh Ankur , Kapat Jayanta , Khadse Akshay 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle is getting commercially attractive for power generation due to numerous advantages like zero water usage, compactness, low environmental emission, and potential to reach high thermal efficiency at lower costs. A typical recuperated closed cycle consists of three heat exchangers (main heat exchanger, cooler, and recuperator) and two turbomachinery (turbine and compressor). Rapid changes in ambient temperature, operating loads, start-ups, and shutdowns affect the performance and operation of the turbomachinery and heat exchangers. The purpose of this research article is to study the thermodynamic parameters of the air cooler during transient operations by running dynamic simulations. Magnitude of change in carbon dioxide temperature due to change in air temperature is calculated. The simulation is a setup by having a steady-state design of 100 MWe cycle with operating temperature of 700 °C and pressure of 250 bar. Dynamic simulations are done using lms amesim. Transients studied in this article include: (i) step variation, (ii) standard variation, and (iii) linear variation of air temperature. This study thus serves as a framework to develop a design and control basis governed by transient scenarios.
Fuel-Adaptability Analysis of Intermediate-Temperature-SOFC/Gas Turbine Hybrid System With Biomass Gas
Authors: Ding Xiaoyi , Lv Xiaojing , Weng Yiwu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The tolerance and adaptability to various kinds of fuels make intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) and gas turbine (GT) hybrid system one of the most attractive technologies in the future energy market. In this paper, based on a detailed model established on matlab/simulink, a thermodynamic analysis of IT-SOFC/GT hybrid system fueled with different types of biomass gases is presented. During the process of this research, the composition fluctuations of CH4, H2, CO, CO2, N2, and H2O are considered to simulate the practical situation. Operating states of IT-SOFC/GT hybrid system fueled with wood chip gasified gas and farm biogas are compared under the same power scale of 180 kW. Performance and safety evaluations of hybrid system in response to composition fluctuations of wood chip gas and farm biogas are carried out. Results show that the hybrid system can reach an efficiency of 60.78% with wood chip gas and 59.09% with farm biogas. Meanwhile, with each composition of wood chip gas varying from 80% to 120%, the IT-SOFC/GT hybrid system could maintain the electrical efficiency higher than 59%. However, in the case of farm biogas, the efficiency of system drops to as low as 55%. It is also found that composition fluctuations of H2 in wood chip gas and CH4 in farm biogas leave the most significant effects on system performance. For safety consideration, fluctuation range of CH4 in farm biogas should be controlled between 86% and 116%; otherwise, failure of gas turbine would occur due to unsafe operating temperatures. Compared with wood chip gas, operation of IT-SOFC/GT hybrid system with farm biogas requires more water vapor available to prevent failure of the reformer due to carbon deposition.