bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Incinerated and Non-Incinerated waste paper on Properties of Cement Mortar
Authors: Kubba Huda Zuhair , Nasr Mohammed Salah , Al-Abdaly Nadia Moneem , Dhahir Mohammed Kareem , Najim Wissam Nadir 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The cement industry is one of the most polluting industries globally, due to the high amount of CO2 emissions generated during production. Improving the sustainability of cement production is thus vital. Waste paper is also a big problem for many societies, especially in developed countries, where the use of board and paper increases almost every day. This work examines the possibility of using incinerated waste paper ash (IWPA) and non-incinerated waste paper (NIWP) as a partial replacement for cement (by weight) in mortar mixtures. For non-incinerated waste paper, the tested replacement levels were 1%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5%, while for incinerated waste paper, the replacement levels were 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. An additional mix without any replacement was also cast for comparison purposes. The fresh and hardened properties of mortar were assessed using flow rate, compressive strength, direct tensile strength, water absorption, and dry density tests, and two test ages (7 and 28 days) were considered for the compressive and tensile strength tests, though water absorption and density tests were undertaken at 28 days only. The results showed that the presence of waste paper (incinerated or non-incinerated) reduced the flow rate of fresh mortar as compared with the reference mix. It was also found that, for the NIWP mixtures, 1% replacement of cement was the most efficient percentage; this increased the compressive strength by 16% and the direct tensile strength by 19% at 28 days of age. For the IWPA mixes, the results showed that the best replacement ratio was 5%, where the compressive strength and direct tensile strength were improved by 10% and 11% at 28 days, respectively. These 1% NIWP and 5% IWPA mixtures gave similar water absorption of 7% to the reference mix.
Shrinkage and impact strength of fibre-reinforced artificial lightweight aggregate concrete
Authors: Hussein Z M , Khalil W I , Ahmed H K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A sustainable High-Performance Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (HPLWAC) that uses artificial aggregate as part of its coarse ingredients (LWA) as well as being reinforced with single, double, and triple hybrid fibres in many forms, and aspect ratios (l/d) was developed. HPLWAC with a compressive strength of 47MPa and an oven-dry density equal to 1828 kg/m3 at 28 days, was made using various fibres: steel fibres with hooked ends (S1), plastic fibre (P), micro steel fibre (S), and polypropylene fibre (PP). In addition, four mixes of each type of HPLWAC were considered: reference concrete mix, single-fibre reinforced concrete mix, double-hybrid concrete mix, and triple-hybrid concrete mix. Concrete specimens reinforced with the triple hybrid fibre (MAH5) withstood the maximum number of the blows to ultimate failure and first crack. The increments of rate of increase in impact resistance to ultimate failure were 1275, 977, 950, and 862 % at 7, 28, 60, and 90 days compared with the reference concrete. The drying shrinkage related to the concrete sample reinforced with single plastic fibres was reduced in comparison to the reference concrete. The percentage reductions in drying shrinkage of the single fibre (MAP) concrete specimen were 30.54 %, 20.23%, 16.12%, 14.38 %, 14.26 %, and 12.14% at 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, and 180 days respectively. The hybrid fibre-reinforced samples (MAH4 and MAH5) indicated a reduction in drying shrinkage in comparison to the samples reinforced with single plastic fibre (MAP). The percentage decreases in the drying shrinkage for (MAH5) were 58.3%, 40.6 %, 32.7% 26.4%, 252%, and 19.5% at 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, and 180 days, respectively in comparison with the reduced e reference specimen (MAR). SEM indicated that all the specimens of HPLWAC had thick and dense cement pastes with elevated C-S-H content and reduced porosity indicating that high-strength was obtained for such specimens.
Stakeholders’ perceptions of social and economic challenges in adopting sustainable urban development in post-war countries
Authors: Mohammed Ameen Raed Fawzi , Alyasari Haider I , Altaweel Maryam D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Due to rapid urbanization, developing countries have faced significant urban socio-economic challenges. The destruction and lack of planning are acute in countries, such as Iraq, that have suffered for several decades from wars and international sanctions, resulting in severe damage to the ecology sector, social utilities and the disruption of the economic sector. Many urban development projects are currently underway in Iraq, and labelled as a means to reform. However, most lack public participation. Hence, there is an urgent need to understand the public’s perception, especially of in urban areas with socio-economic challenges, and this represents a crucial concern for many planners, designers, and policy-makers seeking to develop effective policies. This study aims to investigate stakeholder perceptions of the urban challenges and their priorities in Iraqi cities. A nationwide survey was conducted (N = 643), using a 19-item structured questionnaire. PCA and statistical tests were applied to the collected responses, to investigate the relationships around such challenges. A high value of internal consistency and reliability was achieved (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.867) and five components were identified. The item ‘safety of public places’ was ranked as the most important. Results illustrate a link between deficiencies in the social and economic infrastructures.
Improving the Electrical Efficiency of a Photovoltaic/Thermal Panel by Using SiC/Water Nanofluid as Coolant
Authors: Abbood Mohammed Hasan , Shahad Haroun , Kadhum Ali Ali Abdul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For photovoltaic panels, high temperature has a major effect, reducing electrical efficiency and decreasing the panel’s life span. In this work, an aluminum pocket collector was manufactured and fixed to the rear side of a photovoltaic panel to form a photovoltaic/thermal system (PV/T). A SiC/water nanofluid was used as coolant fluid with two volumetric concentrations (0.1 and 0.5%). The experiments were conducted outdoors at Babylon University (32.46 °N,44.42°E) in March. Different flow rates of SiC/Water nanofluid were tested (0.5,1,1.5 & 2 LPM). A comparison was made with another, identical, PV panel under the same conditions. SiC/water nanofluid had a noticeable effect on output power and results showed that the maximum enhancement in electrical efficiency was 33.27% with 0.5 % SiC/Water nanofluid and flow rate of 2 LPM,. and the maximum overall efficiency was 92.43 %.
Numerical Investigation of Drag Reduction Techniques in a Car Model
Authors: Saleh Z M , Ali A H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reducing the drag force has become one of the most important concerns in the automotive industry. This study concentrated on reducing drag through use of some external modifications of passive flow control, such as vortex generators, rear under body diffuser slices and a rear wing spoiler. The study was performed at inlet velocity (V=10,20,30,40 m/s) which correspond to an incompressible car model length Reynolds numbers (Re=2.62×105, 5.23×105, 7.85×105 and 10.46×105), respectively and we studied their effect on the drag force. We also present a theoretical study finite volume method (FVM) of solving Reynolds-averaged Navier-tokes equations (RANS) using a realizable k–epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model, conducted on a car, model KIA Pride, which is popular in Iraq and Iran. All computational analysis and modifications were carried out using the ANSYS Fluent 19 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and SOLIDWORKS 2018 modeller. The drag coefficient of the analysed car was found to be 0.34 and the results show that the drag can be reduced up to1.73% using vortex generators, up to 3.05% using a rear wing spoiler and up to 2.47% using rear under-body diffuser slices modifications, whereas it may be reduced up to 3.8% using all previous modifications together.
Characteristic Analysis of Adjustable Speed Equilibrium Loop of an Electric Proportional Three-way Valve
Authors: Luo Yanlei , Chen Wang , Chi Baokun , Shi Liming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Based on the research of the existing balance valve and valve control balance loop at home and abroad, this paper constructs a quantitative pump adjustable speed balance loop based on proportional three-way valve, on the basis of analyzing the working principle of the circuit. The speed regulation of load motion in the loop is carried out by using the quantitative pump, and the working principle of the circuit is briefly analyzed. Through the analysis of theory and principle, the simulation analysis model of the equilibrium loop and important components is constructed by using AMESim software. Combined with theoretical analysis, the velocity influencing factors of the circuit are put forward, and then the velocity and pressure curves of the model loop under various parameters are obtained by adjusting some parameters which affect the characteristics of the system, which provides some guiding significance for the study of the balance loop of the single-acting cylinder and the optimization design of the next step.
Compatibility of Agents for Polymer-bearing Produced Water from Oilfield
Authors: Sun Limei , Xu Jiajun , Xie Wenxian , Yao Ting , Zhou Haigang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The compatibility of polymer-bearing produced water and corrosion inhibitor, bactericide has been explored from the angle of suspended solids content (ssc) of produced water from water treatment process of a station in Shengli Oilfield. The results show that cationic corrosion inhibitor and bactericide can interact with negatively charged suspended solids and polymers in produced water, resulting in the increase of ssc of produced water. Therefore, the use of cationic agents should be avoided for polymer-bearing produced water, therefore non-ionic and zwitterionic agents should be alternatives. Experiments show that the zwitterionic bactericide not only effectively controls SRB, but also hardly effect on the ssc of produced water.
Study on Preparation and Properties of Modified Functional Mortar Mixed with Reduced Iron Powder
Authors: Lu Yingjian , Huang Jing , Gao Yi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of reduced iron powder on the performance of functional mortar was studied. Aimed at the construction performance, the experiments of consistency and water retention were carried out. Aimed at the mechanical properties, tensile bond strength, compressive strength and flexural strength experiment were carried out. The results show that the content of powder has little effect on mortar consistency. It can improve water retention. The 14d tensile bond strength is 36.2% higher than the reference mortar, which can meet the requirements of plaster-mortar. The compressive strength of 7d mortar was 24.2% higher than that of reference mortar. Compared with the reference mortar, the 28d compressive strength increased 13.6%, the 7d flexural strength increased 36.6%, and the 28d increased 25.8%.
Microstructures, Optical Properties and Degradation Efficiency of Nitrogen-doped Titanium Dioxide to Automobile Exhaust
Authors: Hu Zhihui , Liu Wei , Xu Tao , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To understand the influence of nitrogen (N) dopant on phase structure, morphology, optical property, photocatalytic degradation of TiO2 to automobile exhaust (AE) under visible light irradiation, the N-doped TiO2 was first prepared, and then X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible light diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) and photocatalytic degradation tests were conducted. Results indicated that only anatase phase was found in both pure TiO2 and N-doped TiO2, and the N doping improved the dispersity of TiO2. Also, the N doping increased the absorbance of TiO2 under UV and visible light, respectively. An obvious red shift was observed on UV-Vis DRS of pure and N-doped TiO2 samples, indicating that the spectral response range of TiO2 was expanded to visible light region, and the utilization efficiency of solar irradiance was increased. The prepared N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with an N dopant content of 3.0% showed better optical properties. Finally, the N doping improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 to AE in the visible light region. Furthermore, the N-doped TiO2 presented lower degradation efficiency to CO than that to CO2 under visible light radiation. Thus, it is found that the degradation efficiency of TiO2 to AE can be increased by the N doping under visible light radiation.
Design and Experiment of Dynamic Measurement Method for Bulk Material of Large Volume Belt Conveyor Based on Laser Triangulation Method
Authors: Min Fusong , Lou Andong , Wei Qun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency of bulk material transported by large-capacity belt conveyor, an online dynamic non-contact metering system based on laser triangulation is designed on the belt conveyor platform. The system includes: laser Scanners, industrial camera, signal processing software, mechanical assemblies. High-precision basic measurement data is an important guarantee for the accuracy of bulk flow measurement. The laser scanner is used as a line source, and the scanning frequency is set to 300HZ, which is installed on the belt conveyor. Industrial camera accepts images produced by a line source projected onto the bulk surface. The signal processing software system analyzes the images, and uses the triangulation method directly calculate the three-dimensional contour information and volume flow of the bulk material. The flow filtering algorithm filters the instantaneous flow, smoothing the fluctuation of the flow data to reflect the real changes of the dry and wet degree of the bulk material on the belt, the degrees of surface cracking and shapes. Establish a mathematical model based on neural network and apply the belt shaking elimination algorithm to correct the previously calculated flow data to reduce the measurement error. In order to restore the actual belt conveyor bulk transportation conditions, a test belt with length 20m and speed 2m/s was produced according to the actual size. The physical simulation test of bulk material for potassium salt was carried out, the results show that the on-line measurement method based on laser triangular method has high efficiency and stable operation, and eliminates the influence of bulk density. The measurement error is ≤3.
Experimental Study on Basic Mechanical Properties of Calcium Sulfate Whisker-Reinforced Cement
Authors: Li Xin , Li Liang , Zhang Chi , Zheng Yanyan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to study the effect of calcium sulfate whisker on the mechanical characteristics of Portland cement, the fluidity, initial setting time, final setting time, flexural strength and compressive strength of calcium sulfate whisker-reinforced cement with 0∼1.0% (mass fraction) were studied using experimental method. The results show that calcium sulfate whisker has little effect on the fluidity, initial setting time and final setting time. For the 28-day flexural strength and compressive strength of calcium sulfate whisker-reinforced cement, the optimum whisker content is 0.4% and 1.0% and the corresponding strength is increased by 19.54% and 35.84%, respectively. Compared with calcium carbonate whisker, the reinforcement effect of calcium sulfate whisker on the strength of Portland cement is better.
Simulation Study of the Effect of Projectile Length-Diameter Ratio on Anti-Penetration Performance of Composite Armor
Authors: Zhang Yuanhao , Cheng Zhongqing , Li Yanru , Han Ruijie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We studied the failure modes of 55 g cylindrical projectile penetrating ceramic/titanium alloy/gap/polyethylene/gap/921A steel composite armor structure by numerical simulation, obtained the influence of projectile length-diameter ratio on the anti-penetration performance of structure by analysis. The results showed that, ceramic breaks in-plane and forms ceramic cone, titanium alloy target shows shear failure and bending deformation, 921A steel target shows adiabatic shear failure mode when it is penetrated, bulging when it is not penetrated, the front polyethylene target shows compressive shear deformation, the rear polyethylene target shows bending deformation, and fiber tensile failure is the main failure mode, the impact fiber layer has obvious delamination and degumming phenomenon. Under the same mass condition, the larger the length-diameter ratio of the projectile, the smaller the size of the breach and the greater the penetration depth. With the further increase of the length-diameter ratio, the impact of the projectile on the penetration effect is weakened.
Effects of Cu2+ Doping on Structure, Morphology and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Performance of Porous CdIn2S4 Microsphere
Authors: Bai Xuefeng , Wu Wei , Lv Hongfei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Cu2+doped porous CdIn2S4 microspheres (Cu@CdIn2S4) with better photocatalytic performance were prepared by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-assisted hydrothermal technology. The Cu@CdIn2S4 were characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD and DRS. The effects of Cu2+ doping amount on the morphology, structure and photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of CdIn2S4 were studied. The porous Cu@CdIn2S4 microspheres were flower shape of a average diameter of 3-5 μm and their maximum absorption edge was up to 700 nm. The Cu2+ doping was good for the improvement of photocatalytic performance. Cu@CdIn2S4 with 0.3wt% Cu2+doping amount possessed the highest hydrogen production rate of 1248.1 μmol/(h·g), much more than that of pure CdIn2S4.
Dynamic Impact Load Effect on Suspension Crossing Frame at Transmission Tower
Authors: Jia Ning , Xia Yongjun , Ma Yong , Zhang Rongwang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With the increasing number of UHV transmission lines crossing projects, suspension type spans are widely used in cross-construction. Among them, under the condition of construction accidents, the dynamic impact of the bearing cables and towers on the wires has received extensive attention. Based on this problem, this paper studies the impact of dynamic impact loads on transmission towers under construction accident conditions, and proposes reinforcement measures for transmission towers.
Experimental Study on the Damping Effects of Various Vibration Reduction Measures
Authors: Liu Tanghui , Rao Rui , Liu Jianwu , Ye Mao , Huang Yue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Field measurements are the most effective and direct way to evaluate the effects of vibration reduction measures. Through field measurements, this study examined the actual damping effects and vibration transfer characteristics of five vibration reduction measures for subway systems, namely, steel spring floating slabs, resilient short crossties, double-layer nonlinear damping fasteners, Vanguard fasteners and rubber floating slabs. The vibration level and 1/3 octave frequency division vibration level was used as vibration evaluation indices for analysis. This study aimed to provide a reference for the actual damping effects of vibration reduction measures. The results show the following: steel spring floating slabs outperformed resilient short crossties by 23.2 dB. Double-layer nonlinear damping fasteners outperformed Vanguard fasteners and rubber floating slabs by 1.6 and 2 dB, respectively. Resilient short crossties, Vanguard fasteners and double-layer nonlinear damping fasteners were effective in reducing vibration from steel rails to track beds (floating slabs). Steel spring floating slabs and rubber floating slabs were effective in reducing vibration from track beds (floating slabs) to tunnel walls.
Abandonment Research and Environmental Impact Analysis for Retired Dong-Huang Pipelines
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Yu Rangang , Chen Jinping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, China is not experienced in the research and practice of the abandonment approaches to oil and gas pipelines retirement. Using the experience of the North America for reference in abandonment of onshore pipelines, including retired pipeline safety environmental disposal scheme choice, waste disposal technology and retired environmental impact assessment of the key problems were discussed. The comparatively complete construction technology was put forward to dismantle pipelines. Besides, the construction technology of filling the controlled low strength material to the decommissioning oil pipelines was put up. Based on the case of Dong-Huang pipeline abandonment, the selection disposal scheme was optimized, key construction practices such as the cleaning of pipeline residues and low strength controlled material filling pipeline were expounded, potential environmental influence of different disposal scheme was analyzed, besides, some measures were represented to prevent and relieve the pollution corresponding to the construction technology. Research results have guiding significance for perfecting safe abandonment research of domestic retired oil and gas pipelines.
Preparation of NaOH Modified Spent Grain Adsorbent and Adsorptive Properties for Dyes
Authors: Wang Yawei , Lv Yaxin , Shen Haiqi , Xu Shenyang , Guo Yu , Bao Zhijie , Feng Yan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The spent grain which is the by-product of beer production contains cellulose, lignin and other substances. It can be used as an adsorbent material not only for waste utilization, but also to reduce environmental contamination. The structure and morphology of spent grain (SG) were discussed. The NaOH modified spent grain (ASG (alkaline spent grain)) was prepared. And the effects of the parameters such as NaOH concentration, temperature and time on the absorption performance of Methylene blue wastewater were analyzed. The results showed that, when the modifier concentration reached 5 g/L, the temperature and time was 60°C and 120 min respectively, the maximum decolorization could reach 95.87%. The decolorization rate of 55.82% of the original grain increased significantly. The adsorption process of themodified materials was chemical adsorption, and the adsorption behavior could be described by Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetics equation.
Abrupt phase change in graphene-gold spr-based biosensor
Authors: Bouzari Nasrin , Amjad Jafar Mostafavi , Mohammadkhani Ramin , Jahanshahi Peyman 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The performance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors can be different depending on which characteristic of the SPR sensor the amplitude or the phase is monitored. The phase sensitivity strongly depends on the geometry and the optical properties of the system. The existence of sharp changes in the phase spectrum variations is found as the thickness of SPR-supporting gold (d

g
) varies around a critical thickness (d

c
). In addition, the simulation results indicate that the phase sensitivity is divided into two regions so that phase sensitivity S

φ
for region

d

g

≤

d

c

is greater than region d

g
> d

c
. It is demonstrated in condition of

d

g

≤

d

c

the phase sensitivity has a strong jump when the sensing medium refractive index lies within a certain interval, while the amplitude sensitivity has a monotonic shape. The phase analysis from another aspect exhibits that the phase maximum difference Δφ

max
towards the blank sample is sensitive to refractive index in a continuous interval. As a result, the phase detection interval is tunable by varying the gold thickness, which potentially is important for medical, biology and chemistry applications.