bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enterovirus infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2015–2018
Authors: Rojjanadumrongkul Kitsakorn , Kumthip Kattareeya , Khamrin Pattara , Ukarapol Nuthapong , Ushijima Hiroshi , Maneekarn Niwat 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundInfection with viruses especially rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus has been known to be a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age globally, particularly in developing countries. Also, some genotypes of enteroviruses (EVs) have been reported to be associated with gastroenteritis. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype diversity of EV in children admitted to hospitals with acute gastroenteritis.MethodsA total of 1,736 fecal specimens were collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2015 to 2018. All specimens were tested for the presence of EV by RT-PCR of the 5′ untranslated region. The genotypes of EV were further identified by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene.ResultsEV was detected in 154 out of 1,736 specimens (8.9%) throughout the study period. The prevalence of EV detected in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 was 7.2%, 9.0%, 11.2%, and 8.6%, respectively. EV was detected all year round with a high prevalence during rainy season in Thailand. Overall, 37 genotypes of EV were identified in this study. Among these, coxsackievirus (CV)-A24 and CV-B5 (7.5% each), and EV-C96 (6.8%) were the common genotypes detected.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the prevalence, seasonal distribution, and genotype diversity of EV circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the period 2015 to 2018.
Grit and chiropractic students' academic performance: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pulkkinen Elina A. , de la Ossa Pablo Perez 
Published: August 2020

Objective
Previous investigations have studied the relationship between grit and academic performance, and it has been reported that grittier students perform better academically. The objectives of this study are to measure chiropractic students' grittiness and to explore the correlation between grit and academic performance.

Methods
We distributed the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) questionnaire to chiropractic students in electronic form. We included questions about their previous grade point average and the number of times they had retaken examinations. We scored the overall Grit-S scale and the Consistency of Interest and Perseverance of Effort subscales. A 2-tailed t test and 1-way analysis of variance were used to determine differences between groups.

Results
The response rate was 87% (n = 110). The mean grit score (3.44 ± 0.60) was similar to the general population and slightly lower than other healthcare professionals. The students who had a grade point average between &lt;80% but less than 90% obtained significantly higher grit scores compared to those who had a grade point average &lt;60% but less than 70%. Similarly, students who had no examination retakes had higher grit scores compared to those who took 4 or more exam retakes. We observed these differences in the overall and subscales scores. No other group showed any difference.

Conclusion
The results of this research showed that the grittier students performed better academically than the less gritty students. Grit scores can potentially be used to identify the students at risk of failing or dropping out. The role and potential application of grit in chiropractic education, student support, and admission procedures should be further evaluated.
Host Preference, Mode of Damage and Succession of Major Insect Pests of Brinjal
Authors: Nasif Saifullah Omar , Siddiquee Shafiquzzaman 
Published: August 2020

Brinjal is one of the most popular solanaceous vegetables worldwide because of its nutritive and nutraceutical values. In recent decades, brinjal cultivation has been experiencing increased biotic and abiotic stresses due to the climate changes, which had affected the cultivation practices, growers’ profit and consumers’ choice to a larger extent. Amongst different insect pests, brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) is the major one causing significant reduction in economic yield followed by epilachna beetle, aphid, jassid and whitefly. On the other hand, proper knowledge on nature of damage, host preference, and seasonal abundance of insect pests is a pre-requisite for development and deployment of an appropriate, effective and timely management strategy against the pests. A pool of literatures on host preferences, damage pattern and succession of major insect pests of brinjal has been reviewed and presented in this paper.
Livelihood Security Determinants of the Organic Farm Household in Sikkim, India: Ordered Logistic Regression Approach
Authors: Chiphang Singyala , Singh Ram 
Published: August 2020

Aims: The study employed ordered logistic regression to assess the determinants of livelihood security of the organic farm households in Sikkim (India).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in three blocks of East Sikkim district (viz. Martam, Nangdok and Ranka) between January and December 2019.
Methodology: Multistage sampling technique was adopted for the study. Three blocks were selected and from each block 2 villages were selected at random. At the last stage 150 respondents were selected from 6 villages using random proportional sampling. Ordered logistic regression was applied to assess the determinants of the livelihood security.
Results: Landholding, distance to market and possession of livestock were the significant determinants of livelihood security for the organic farm households in Sikkim.
Conclusion: Livelihood security of the organic farm households in Sikkim was influenced significantly by the determinants like landholding, access to market and possession of livestock. Therefore, livestock rearing practices should be encouraged among the farmers and up to some extent livestock incentives must be given to the farmers of the region. Besides markets for organic products should be encouraged at block level respectively by the central or the state government so that farmer can access to their input and output easily.
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Detection of Extended Spectrum and Amp C β-Lactamase Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrheic Children in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Zakou A. , Nkene I. H. , Abimiku R. H. , Yahaya I. , Bassey B. E. , Ngwai Y. B. 
Published: August 2020

Aims: This study evaluated the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase resistance genes in E. coli from stool of diarrheic children in some hospitals in Lafia metropolis, Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of 70 stool samples of children were obtained from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, M & D Hospital, Olivet Medical Centre and Sandaji Medical Centre, Lafia. Escherichia coli were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. The phenotypic detection of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase production in some antibiotic resistant isolates were carried out using disc method. The molecular detections of ESBL and AmpC resistance genes were carried out using Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) method.
Results: Of the 70 samples, the occurrence of E. coli was 100%. The isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (97.14%), ciprofloxacin (90.00%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (84.29%), streptomycin (78.57%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.00%); moderate to gentamicin (38.57%), ceftazidime (37.14%) and cefotaxime (30.00%); and less resistant to cefoxitin (15.71%) and imipenem (8.57%). Twenty-one (30.00%) isolates were jointly resistant to both cefotaxime and ceftazidine. Of this number, 66.67% (14/21) were phenotypically confirmed ESBL producers; and the occurrences of ESBL resistance genes were: 7.14% (SHV), 42.86% (CTX-M) and 50.00% (TEM). Out of 11isolates resistant to cefoxitin, 4(36.36%) were phenotypically confirmed as AmpC β-lactamase producers; and the occurrence of AmpC genes were: 50.00% (CIT), 25.00% (FOX) and 25.00% (MOX).
Conclusion: The isolates were least resistant to imipenem and cefoxitin and highly resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. TEM and CTX-M ESBL genes were more frequent than SHV. CIT AmpC gene was more frequent than FOX and MOX.
Bacteriological Analysis of Top Soil from an Electronic Waste Dumpsite in Port Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Williams Janet Olufunmilayo , Ugboma C. J. , Ibiene Faith 
Published: August 2020

Aim: To determine the bacterial and physicochemical analysis of topsoil from an electronic waste (e-waste) dumpsite within Port Harcourt metropolis using standard procedures.
Place and Duration of Study: The study area was Kaduna street, beside Fruit and Vegetable Garden Market, Mile l which is located in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The coordinates are 4o47’57.5” N 7o00’02.7” E. The duration of study was between March and September, 2019.
Methodology: The waste disposed were mainly television sets, computer monitors, radio sets, stoves, laptops and central processing units. Soil samples were cleared off top debris, collected within 5cm of the top soil from four (4) different points of the dumpsite and a control was collected from area devoid of waste disposal, 20m away from the dumpsite. The five samples were kept in clean sterile polythene bags. Contamination observed from soil samples was attributed to the waste disposal. The total heterotrophic bacterial count was performed using l gram of soil from e-waste dumpsite in a 9-fold serial dilution using a spread plate method, in duplicates on dried nutrient agar plates and incubated at 30°C for 24hours. Centrimide agar plates were used to obtain Pseudomonas isolates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours while MacConkey agar plates were used to isolate coliform bacteria, incubated at 0c for 48 hours. The physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods.
Results: Seven (7) bacterial genera were isolated from the topsoil of the e-waste dumpsite and they were Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Kluyvera, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Chromobacterium and Pectobacteria species. Staphylococcus spp. had the highest percentage composition of 42.3% and Kluyvera spp, the lowest percentage composition of l.9% of bacterial isolates found in the topsoil of the electronic waste dumpsite. The total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from l.30 x l06 to l.97 x l06 cfu/g, total coliform count was 3.05 x l03 to 7.98 x l03 cfu/g and total Pseudomonas count ranged from l.00 x l02 to 2.88 x l03 cfu/g with a significant difference at .05 probability level to the control samples. The temperature ranged from 27.67±0.580C to 28.00±l.000C with a control of 29.00±l.000C, pH value ranged from 6.33±0.58 with a control of 7.00±0.00. The pH values were lower than the control indicating that the soil was slightly acidic to neutral. Moisture content had 4% with a control of 2.7%, an organic matter of l7.33±0.58 with a control of 4.47±0.58.
Conclusion: The presence of the isolated organisms could cause public health risk or environmental hazard. Proper education and legislations on handling of e-waste in the society should be intensified to forestall waste related problems along the food chain.
Diálogos com a História da Educação Profissional no Brasil: permanências e contradições
Authors: Castro Mad Ana Desirée Ribeiro , Costa Claudia Borges Costa , Barbosa Sebastião Cláudio Barbosa 
Published: August 2020

<p>O presente trabalho versa sobre a História da Educação Profissional no Brasil e propõe desvelar as permanências e as contradições constituídas ao longo desse percurso histórico. Por um lado, a análise das permanências educativas traduz as construções e os desdobramentos que impediram e impedem a constituição da educação sob o ponto de vista emancipatório. Por outro, propõe a reflexão sobre as contradições que apontam para a possibilidade de uma formação que possui como marca a indissociabilidade entre teoria e prática, por meio da formação integrada.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras Chaves</strong>: Educação Profissional; Permanência; Contradição.</p>
A secundarização da Educação Física na reforma do ensino médio
Authors: Gomes Gabriel Vielmo , Souza Maristela Da Silva 
Published: August 2020

<p>O presente estudo objetiva analisar os impactos da Lei 13.415 e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular para o ensino público da Cultura Corporal. Sob a luz do Materialismo Histórico Dialético, realizamos o diálogo entre a conjuntura política e educacional e a Educação Física, relacionando-as com a organização/reorganização do capital. Constatamos que as reformas educacionais direcionam novamente a escola para atender as demandas do mercado produtivo, e coloca a Educação Física na área das Linguagens, que resulta na perda de sua verdadeira identidade e de seu verdadeiro objeto de estudo, a Cultura Corporal, alterando assim, seu papel pedagógico no ambiente escolar. </p>
Correlation of clinical outcome, radiobiological modeling of tumor control, normal tissue complication probability in lung cancer patients treated with SBRT using Monte Carlo calculation algorithm
Authors: Sood Sumit S. , Pokhrel Damodar , Badkul Rajeev , TenNapel Mindi , McClinton Christopher , Kimler Bruce , Wang Fen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurpose/BackgroundWe analyzed the predictive value of non‐x‐ray voxel Monte Carlo (XVMC)‐based modeling of tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using the XVMC dose calculation algorithm.Materials/MethodsWe conducted an IRB‐approved retrospective analysis in patients with lung tumors treated with XVMC‐based lung SBRT. For TCP, we utilized tumor size‐adjusted biological effective dose (s‐BED) TCP modeling validated in non‐MC dose calculated SBRT to: (1) verify modeling as a function of s‐BED in patients treated with XVMC‐based SBRT; and (2) evaluate the predictive potential of different PTV dosimetric parameters (mean dose, minimum dose, max dose, prescription dose, D95, D98, and D99) for incorporation into the TCP model. Correlation between observed local control and TCPs was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. For NTCP, Lyman NTCP Model was utilized to predict grade 2 pneumonitis and rib fracture.ResultsEighty‐four patients with 109 lung tumors were treated with XVMC‐based SBRT to total doses of 40 to 60 Gy in 3 to 5 fractions. Median follow‐up was 17 months. The 2‐year local and local‐regional control rates were 91% and and 78%, respectievly. All estimated TCPs correlated significantly with 2‐year actuarial local control rates (P < 0.05). Significant corelations between TCPs and tumor control rate according to PTV dosimetric parameters were observed. D99 parameterization demonstrated the most robust correlation between observed and predicted tumor control. The incidences of grade 2 pneumonitis and rib fracture vs. predicted were 1% vs. 3% and 10% vs. 13%, respectively.ConclusionOur TCP results using a XVMC‐based dose calculation algorithm are encouraging and yield validation to previously described TCP models using non‐XVMC dose methods. Furthermore, D99 as potential predictive parameter in the TCP model demonstrated better correlation with clinical outcome.
Mechanics Design in Cellulose‐Enabled High‐Performance Functional Materials
Authors: Ray Upamanyu , Zhu Shuze , Pang Zhenqian , Li Teng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe abundance of cellulose found in natural resources such as wood, and the wide spectrum of structural diversity of cellulose nanomaterials in the form of micro‐nano‐sized particles and fibers, have sparked a tremendous interest to utilize cellulose's intriguing mechanical properties in designing high‐performance functional materials, where cellulose's structure–mechanics relationships are pivotal. In this progress report, multiscale mechanics understanding of cellulose, including the key role of hydrogen bonding, the dependence of structural interfaces on the spatial hydrogen bond density, the effect of nanofiber size and orientation on the fracture toughness, are discussed along with recent development on enabling experimental design techniques such as structural alteration, manipulation of anisotropy, interface and topology engineering. Progress in these fronts renders cellulose a prospect of being effectuated in an array of emerging sustainable applications and being fabricated into high‐performance structural materials that are both strong and tough.
Imidazolium‐Functionalized Diacetylene Amphiphiles: Strike a Lighter and Wear Polaroid Glasses to Decipher the Secret Code
Authors: Choi Yu‐Jin , Park Seohee , Yoon Won‐Jin , Lim Seok‐In , Koo Jahyeon , Kang Dong‐Gue , Park Sungjune , Kim Namil , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of smart inks that change color and transparency in response to external stimuli is very important for various fields, from modern art to safety and anticounterfeiting technology. A uniaxially oriented diacetylene thin film on a macroscopic area is obtained by coating, self‐assembling and topochemical photopolymerizing of imidazolium‐functionalized diacetylenes (M‐DA and T‐DA) and 4,6‐decadiyne ink (70 wt%:20 wt%:10 wt%) exhibiting a lyotropic smectic A liquid‐crystalline phase at room temperature. The color and transparency of letters and symbols written with the DA‐based secret inks change reversibly from blue to red as well as from colorless transparent to black opaque depending on the temperature and polarization axis. A secret code written with thermoresponsive and polarization‐dependent secret inks consisting of imidazolium‐functionalized diacetylenes is successfully deciphered by wearing polaroid glasses and holding a burning torch.
In Situ Electrospinning Synthesis of N‐Doped C Nanofibers with Uniform Embedding of Mn Doped MFe1−xMnxPO4 (M = Li, Na) as a High Performance Cathode for Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Wenyan , Xu Donghui , Chen Yuancheng , Tang Tang , Kuang Shaojie , Fu Haikuo , Zhou Wuyi , Yu Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing polyvinyl alcohol and N‐rich polyacrylonitrile as carbon sources, uniform MFe1–xMnxPO4 (M = Li, Na)/N‐doped C nanofibers are synthesized by sol–gel pretreatment and an electrospinning method followed by calcination. The as‐prepared nanofibers exhibit a 3D homogenous network with uniform distribution of MFe1−xMnxPO4 nanoparticles. The lattice distorts after Mn‐doping without altering the original crystalline structure, increasing conductivity and enhancing the efficiency of Li+/Na+ diffusion. When applied for lithium ion batteries, the optimized LiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C nanofibers deliver a considerable initial capacity of 169.9 mAh g−1 with coulombic efficiency of 92.4%. It also displays the excellent cycling stability with reversible capacity of 160 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 C and high rate performances with the specific capacity of 93 mAh g−1 at 5 C. Furthermore, NaFexMn1−xPO4/N‐doped C nanofibers are also synthesized by the same method for sodium‐ion batteries, which exhibit an initial capacity of 134 mAh g−1 and specific capacity of 106 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 90 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 200 cycles. Owing to the facile fabrication process, these nanofibers are promising cathodes for lithium/sodium ion batteries with excellent electrochemical performances.
Field Emission Characteristics of InSb Patterned Nanowires
Authors: Giubileo Filippo , Passacantando Maurizio , Urban Francesca , Grillo Alessandro , Iemmo Laura , Pelella Aniello , Goosney Curtis , LaPierre Ray , Di Bartolomeo Antonio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInSb nanowire arrays with different geometrical parameters, diameter and pitch, are fabricated by a top‐down etching process on Si(100) substrates. Field emission properties of InSb nanowires are investigated by using a nano‐manipulated tip anode inside of a scanning electron microscope. Stable field emission current is reported, with a maximum intensity extracted from a single nanowire of 1 µA, corresponding to a current density as high as 104 A cm−2. Stability and robustness of the nanowire is probed by monitoring field emission current for about 3 h. By tuning the cathode‐anode distance in the range 500–1300 nm, the field enhancement factor and the turn‐on field exhibit non‐monotonic dependence, with maximum enhancement β ≈ 78 and minimum turn‐on field EON ≈ 0.033 V nm−1 for a separation d = 900 nm. The reduction of pitch between nanowires and the increase of diameter cause the reduction of the field emission performance, with reduced field enhancement (β < 60) and increased turn‐on field (EON ≈ 0.050 V nm−1). Finally, finite element simulation of the electric field distribution in the system demonstrates that emission is limited to an effective area near the border of the nanowire top surface, with annular shape and maximum width of 10 nm.
A Stable Nitrogen‐centered Bis(imino)perylene Dimer‐based Diradicaloid
Authors: Xiao Zhanhui , Zeng Jian , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Ding Jun , Zeng Wangdong , Wu Jishan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbon‐centered radicals are usually reactive and there are only few stable heteroatom‐centered organic radicals. Herein, we report a nitrogen‐centered bis(imino)perylene dimer based diradicaloid 2Per‐2 N, which has a large diradical character (y0=72%) but still shows reasonable stability due to kinetic blocking of the aminyl radical sites by the bulky and electron‐deficient 2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl groups and effective spin delocalization. It displays thermally populated paramagnetic activity with a moderate singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔES–T=−3.55 kcal/mol). Compared with a fully fused bis(imino)quaterrylene analogue (QR‐2 N) which is a typical closed‐shell compound, 2Per‐2 N possesses a much larger diradical character mainly due to the steric repulsion between the neighboring perylene units in the rigid quinoidal form. 2Per‐2 N exhibits a much smaller energy gap and longer absorption wavelength compared with QR‐2 N. 2Per‐2 N represents a rare example of stable nitrogen‐centered diradicaloid with a large diradical character.