bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonography for diagnosis of peri-implant diseases and conditions: a detailed scanning protocol and case demonstration
Authors: Chan Hsun-Liang , Kripfgans Oliver D. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Ultrasonography has shown its promising diagnostic value in dental implant imaging research in the three treatment phases, namely, planning, intraoperative, and postoperative phase. With increasing awareness of peri-implant diseases and a lack of an efficient diagnostic method, the aim is to propose ultrasound imaging as a potential solution by providing a detailed scanning protocol and case demonstration. Methods: Ultrasound device specification and the setup for optimizing peri-implant tissue imaging was described. Two useful imaging modes, viz. B-mode and color flow, were introduced. Important anatomical structures for accurate diagnosis of peri-implant diseases were illustrated. Finally, a detailed scanning sequence was proposed. Results: Ultrasound images were acquired on live humans to exemplify the four peri-implant diseases and conditions, endorsed by the 2017 World Workshop organized by the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology. Ultrasound can provide not only cross-sectional anatomical images but also functional images (color flow images) that may be useful for evaluating the degree of peri-implant tissue inflammation. Conclusions: High-frequency ultrasonography could be another cross-sectional imaging modality in adjunct to radiographs for diagnosing imminent peri-implant diseases and conditions that negatively influence quality of life of millions of patients with implants. This case study provides a framework for future related research work and clinical scanning guidelines.
Zero-degree Auger Projectile Electron Spectroscopy of Li-like Ions obtained in Collisions of 1s2s 3S He-like Ions with Gaseous Targets
Authors: Madesis I. , Laoutaris A. , Benis E. P. , Lagoyannis A. , Axiotis M. , Zouros T. J. M. 
Published: February 2020

An experimental station has recently been completed with a beam line dedicated to atomic collision physics at the 5.5 MV TANDEM accelerator laboratory of the Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP) at the National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos” in Athens. A Zero-degree Auger Projectile Spectroscopy (ZAPS) apparatus composed of a single-stage Hemispherical Deflector Analyser (HDA) and a 2-dimensional Position Sensitive Detector (PSD), combined with a doubly differentially pumped gas target has been set up for high resolution studies of electrons emitted from projectile ions at θ = 0◦ with respect to the beam direction in collisions with dilute gas targets. A terminal gas stripper, as well as both a foil and a gas post-stripper, have also been newly installed, enhancing the capabilities of the TANDEM by allowing for the production of more intense, highly charged ion beams, thus complementing and expanding the range of the available energies and charge states of the TANDEM. Using this setup, a systematic isoelectronic investigation of high resolution K-Auger electron spectra emitted from pre-excited ions in collisions with gas targets has been commenced within the APAPES initiative. Here, we present some highlights of this program together with recent results. This investigation is expected to lead to a better understanding of electron capture to excited states of the ion beam and in particular the overlooked role of cascade feeding of metastable states contributing to the capture cross sections, recently a field of contested interpretations awaiting further resolution.
Surgical treatment of tarsal coalitions in children and adolescents
Authors: Kothari Alpesh , Masquijo Javier 
Published: February 2020

A tarsal coalition is an abnormal connection between two or more tarsal bones caused by failure of mesenchymal segmentation. The two most common tarsal coalitions are calcaneonavicular coalition (CNC) and talocalcaneal coalition (TCC). Both CNC and TCC can be associated with significant foot and ankle pain and impaired quality of life; there may also be concomitant foot and ankle deformity. Initial, non-operative management for symptomatic tarsal coalition commonly fails, leaving surgical intervention as the only recourse. The focus of this article is to critically describe the variety of methods used to surgically manage CNC and TCC. In review of the pertinent literature we highlight the ongoing treatment controversies in this field and discuss new innovations. The evidence-based algorithmic approach used by the authors in the management of tarsal coalitions is illustrated alongside some clinical pearls that should help surgeons treating this common, and at times complex, condition.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:80-89. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.180106
Fixation of AO-OTA 31-A1 and A2 trochanteric femur fractures using a sliding hip screw system: can we trust a two-hole side plate construct? A review of the literature
Authors: Vallon Faustine , Gamulin Axel 
Published: February 2020

Trochanteric femur fractures are frequently fixed with a four-hole side plate sliding hip screw device, but in recent decades two-hole side plates have been used in an attempt to minimize operative time, surgical dissection, blood loss and post-operative pain. The aim of this review was to determine whether two-hole sliding hip screw constructs are an acceptable option for fixation of AO-OTA 31-A1 and A2 trochanteric femur fractures. An electronic MEDLINE® database search was performed using PubMed®, and articles were included in this review if they were reporting historical, biomechanical, clinical or outcome data on trochanteric fracture fixation using a two-hole sliding hip screw device. A two-hole dynamic hip screw with a minimally invasive muscle-splitting approach is recommended for fixation of AO-OTA 31-A1 simple trochanteric fractures; this implant is biomechanically safe, and allows the use of a minimally invasive muscle-splitting approach which potentially provides better clinical outcome, such as decreased surgical trauma, shorter operative time, less blood loss, decreased analgesics use, and shorter incision length. As the majority of reviewed publications relate to the dynamic hip screw, it is not clear whether the above recommendations can be extended to any other sliding hip screw device. An intramedullary device is recommended for all other extra-capsular proximal femoral fractures.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:118-125. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190020
Cultural Identity in the Case-Law of the Human Rights Committee
Authors: Stryjkowska Sylwia 
Published: February 2020

The aim of the article is to present the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee on Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights concerning the rights of persons belonging to ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities. Therefore, the study examines the underprivileged position of minorities within States and focuses on their will to survive as a distinct culture. Examination of the aforementioned caselaw provides an insight into the Committee’s understanding of the concept of cultural identity.
The Development of the Russian Legal System after the “Accession” of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation
Authors: Cwicinskaja Natalia 
Published: February 2020

On March 18 2014, the Republic of Crimea became a federal subject of the Russian Federation and the Ukrainian legal system was changed to the Russian system. The transition period was set to end on January 1 2015. This transition period was characterized by the fact that the law was created on a day-to-day basis, and as the residents of Crimea were unfamiliar with Russian law they found themselves in a legal vacuum. Laws were adopted in an urgent manner to ensure that the unification was as smooth as possible. In practice it became apparent that the allocated time was not sufficient, and the transition period was extended in some areas. The Article presents a review of the accession procedure and the legal regulations established in the Republic of Crimea during the transition period, and identifies some issues which have arisen.
Corporate Consistency and the Regulations of the Corporate Governance System
Authors: Kamiński Ryszard , Flieger Michał 
Published: February 2020

Corporate governance involves not only working out the relationship between a company and its shareholders, but also a search for consistency on a daily basis. When consistency is achieved, the shareholders’ satisfaction is higher and relations improve. Consistency is a prerequisite for a company’s effectiveness and efficiency, and it is the board’s task to make a corporation consistent. The first part of the paper introduces M. Flieger’s concept of corporate consistency, where platforms of consistency are introduced and the consistency model is proposed. This is the first time that such an introduction has been made, and this may lead to further discussion and research. The author points out that managers are rarely aware of the consistency problem, and there are no tools which enable a consistent system to be worked out. This makes the concept of corporate consistency worth investigating. In the second part of the paper, R. Kaminski focuses on the development of the European Union and Polish regulations, which were introduced as a consequence of the changing conditions in company activity. This section determines the content and sequence of the main issues discussed in the article. These include: the characteristics of the concept of a corporate governance system, the presentation of changes in regulations regarding a corporate governance system in the EU and the presentation of Polish regulations on corporate governance. The primary sources used in the work were literature and the rules and standards (mandatory and optional) on corporate governance. Both authors used descriptive analysis and the comparative method.
Enhanced Cooperation and Free Movement. Territorial Aspects of ‘Harmonisation’
Authors: Malaga Miłosz , Wilińska-Zelek Anna 
Published: February 2020

In this article we examine the notion of ‘harmonisation’ in its interplay with the application of provisions on the free movement of goods. Due to the introduction of the European unitary patent protection system, we are witnessing the first cases of adopting enhanced cooperation in the internal market. This fact raises new, systemic questions concerning the concept of ‘harmonisation’ in European Union law. Are only legal, substantive aspects covered by its definition or should the territorial range of a legal act be taken into account? If yes – to what extent? Since the adoption of enhanced cooperation covers the field of intellectual property rights, the above questions concern the relationship between exercising those rights on the one hand and the principle of free movement on the other. A closer look at this matter leads to the conclusion that the unitary patent might not provide the solution to one of the problems that created for. More generally, in this article we conclude that when defining the concept of ‘harmonisation’, one should take its territorial scope into account narrowly, so as not to infringe the principles of EU law.
The Dominant Position of Regional Facilities for the Processing of Municipal Waste
Authors: Bujny Jędrzej , Mądry Tymoteusz 
Published: February 2020

This paper addresses the issue of the functioning of regional facilities for the processing of municipal waste in the light of the provisions of the Competition and Consumer Protection Act of 16 February 2007. The authors seek answers to the question of whether in certain specific situations it is possible to conclude that a given facility holds a dominant position on the market in which it operates. Two situations will be subjected to close analysis, namely those in which only one or two facilities with RMWPF status operate in a given region of municipal waste management.
IGF-1 via PI3K/Akt/S6K signaling pathway protects DRG neurons with high glucose-induced toxicity
Authors: Liu Chunhong , Liu Siyan , Wang Sheng , Sun Yi , Lu Xin , Li Hao , Li Guibao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHyperglycemia-induced toxicity of neurons contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic neuropathy (DNP). High concentration glucose triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and induced cell apoptosis of neurons from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in vitro. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic method to retard this devastating complication or neurotoxicity induced by high glucose. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has multi-neurotrophic actions which need to be explored regarding its actions and mechanisms on relieving high glucose induced neurotoxicity. Herein, high concentration glucose was exposed to the DRG neurons in vitro. The effects of IGF-1 on relieving high glucose-induced neurotoxicity were evaluated. We illustrated that IGF-1 enhanced regeneration of neurites sent from DRG neuronal cell bodies and increased neuronal viability which inhibited by high glucose challenge. IGF-1 alleviated neuronal apoptosis caused by high glucose exposure. IGF-1 also suppressed the intracellular ROS overproduction and ATF3 expression upregulation which was induced by high glucose insult. The anti-neurotoxic effects of IGF-1 might be through restoration of prosurvival PI3K/Akt/S6K signaling. These data shed some light on the treatment of intractable DNP and suggested that IGF-1 might be a potential effective agent on relieving high glucose induced neurotoxicity.
Bioinformatic analysis reveals GSG2 as a potential target for breast cancer therapy
Authors: Ye Zheng , Zhang Zhaoyu , Fang Lijiao , Tian Daiquan , Liu Xin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the potential role of GSG2 in breast cancer progression.MethodsThe mRNA expression, DNA copy number and clinical data used in this study were obtained from the TCGA data portal. The copy number variations (CNVs) thresholds were determined according to the set of discrete copy number calls provided by Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC).ResultsThe mRNA expression level of GSG2 in 112 breast cancer tissues was much higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. GSG2 was significantly upregulated in stage II compared with stage I, and there was no differential expression of GSG2 between tumors with or without metastasis. Heterozygous deletion occupied 57.1% of CNVs for GSG2 gene in breast cancer samples. Patients with higher GSG2 expression tended to suffer from poorer prognosis.ConclusionOur profiling analysis indicated the overexpression of GSG2 might play an important role in breast cancer development, suggesting that GSG2 could be a new target for breast cancer treatment, making GSG2 inhibitors becoming potential drugs for breast cancer therapy.
Dynamic parallel-to-grain compressive properties of three softwoods under seismic strain rates: tests and constitutive modeling
Authors: Xie Qifang , Zhang Lipeng , Zhang Baozhuang , Yang Gaojie , Yao Jitao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Softwood is commonly used in timber structures, whose dynamic compressive properties along the grain direction under seismic rate actions are of major concern. In the present study, 108 samples were examined from three species of softwoods (spruce, Dahurian larch and pine) and subjected to four levels of strain rates (10−4 s−1, 10−3 s−1, 10−2 s−1 and 0.1 s−1) under parallel-to-grain monotonic and repeated compression. The seismic strain rate effects on softwood were investigated by observing the failure mechanisms, engineering stress-strain curves, initial crushing strength, elastic modulus and peak strain. Results demonstrated the high sensitivity of softwood to seismic strain rates. Finally, a rate-dependent constitutive model was developed to predict the stress-strain relationship (both monotonic and repeated loading cases) of softwood under different seismic strain rates.
Effect of an Educational Intervention Delivered to Senior Nursing Students to Strengthen Spiritual Care for People with Chronic Illness
Authors: Vargas-Escobar Lina María , Guarnizo-Tole Mildred 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This is an experimental, quantitative, parallel design study (control and experimental groups) with pre- and post-intervention assessment without blinding, which aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention delivered to ninety Colombian senior nursing students to strengthen perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care for people with chronic illness. The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) was used as the instrument of measurement. The Wilcoxon test was used for comparisons between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for the comparison of global scale scores between the intervention group and the control group. To determine the effect of the intervention, Cohen’s d statistic was used. The intervention modified the perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care in the experimental group (median = 80.2, SD = 10.2) compared with their initial perceptions (median = 70, SD = 11.2), p ≤ 0.001. The effect size (ES) of the intervention was 0.63, with a power of 0.80, indicating a moderate and acceptable effect size.
Manipulating topological valley modes in plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Proctor Matthew , Huidobro Paloma A. , Maier Stefan A. , Craster Richard V. , Makwana Mehul P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Coupled light-matter modes supported by plasmonic metasurfaces can be combined with topological principles to yield subwavelength topological valley states of light. This study gives a systematic presentation of the topological valley states available for lattices of metallic nanoparticles (NPs): all possible lattices with hexagonal symmetry are considered as well as valley states emerging on a square lattice. Several unique effects that have yet to be explored in plasmonics are identified, such as robust guiding, filtering, and splitting of modes, as well as dual-band effects. These are demonstrated by means of scattering computations based on the coupled dipole method that encompass full electromagnetic interactions between NPs.
3D and 4D printing for optics and metaphotonics
Authors: Jeong Hoon Yeub , Lee Eunsongyi , An Soo-Chan , Lim Yeonsoo , Jun Young Chul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a new paradigm in customized manufacturing and allows the fabrication of complex optical components and metaphotonic structures that are difficult to realize via traditional methods. Conventional lithography techniques are usually limited to planar patterning, but 3D printing can allow the fabrication and integration of complex shapes or multiple parts along the out-of-plane direction. Additionally, 3D printing can allow printing on curved surfaces. Four-dimensional (4D) printing adds active, responsive functions to 3D-printed structures and provides new avenues for active, reconfigurable optical and microwave structures. This review introduces recent developments in 3D and 4D printing, with emphasis on topics that are interesting for the nanophotonics and metaphotonics communities. In this article, we have first discussed functional materials for 3D and 4D printing. Then, we have presented the various designs and applications of 3D and 4D printing in the optical, terahertz, and microwave domains. 3D printing can be ideal for customized, nonconventional optical components and complex metaphotonic structures. Furthermore, with various printable smart materials, 4D printing might provide a unique platform for active and reconfigurable structures. Therefore, 3D and 4D printing can introduce unprecedented opportunities in optics and metaphotonics and may have applications in freeform optics, integrated optical and optoelectronic devices, displays, optical sensors, antennas, active and tunable photonic devices, and biomedicine. Abundant new opportunities exist for exploration.
PEGylated-folic acid–modified black phosphorus quantum dots as near-infrared agents for dual-modality imaging-guided selective cancer cell destruction
Authors: Wang Jing , Liang Dong , Qu Zehua , Kislyakov Ivan M. , Kiselev Valery M. , Liu Jun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Biological systems have high transparence to 700–1100-nm near-infrared (NIR) light. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have high optical absorbance in this spectrum. This optical property of BPQDs integrates both diagnostic and therapeutic functions together in an all-in-one processing system in cancer theranostic approaches. In the present study, BPQDs were synthesized and functionalized by targeting moieties (PEG-NH2-FA) and were further loaded with anticancer drugs (doxorubicin) for photodynamic–photothermal–chemotherapy. The precise killing of cancer cells was achieved by linking BPQDs with folate moiety (folic acid), internalizing BPQDs inside cancer cells with folate receptors and NIR triggering, without affecting the receptor-free cells. These in vitro experiments confirm that the agent exhibited an efficient photokilling effect and a light-triggered and heat-induced drug delivery at the precise tumor sites. Furthermore, the nanoplatform has good biocompatibility and effectively obliterates tumors in nude mice, showing no noticeable damages to noncancer tissues. Importantly, this nanoplatform can inhibit tumor growth through visualized synergistic treatment and photoacoustic and photothermal imaging. The present design of versatile nanoplatforms can allow for the adjustment of nanoplatforms for good treatment efficacy and multiplexed imaging, providing an innovation for targeted tumor treatment.
Amyloid-β, tau, and the cholinergic system in Alzheimer’s disease: seeking direction in a tangle of clues
Authors: Majdi Alireza , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed , Rahigh Aghsan Sepideh , Farajdokht Fereshteh , Vatandoust Seyed Mehdi , Namvaran Ali , Mahmoudi Javad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The link between histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), i.e. amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, and AD-associated cognitive impairment, has long been established. However, the introduction of interactions between amyloid-beta (Aβ) as well as hyperphosphorylated tau, and the cholinergic system to the territory of descriptive neuropathology has drastically changed this field by adding the theory of synaptic neurotransmission to the toxic pas de deux in AD. Accumulating data show that a multitarget approach involving all amyloid, tau, and cholinergic hypotheses could better explain the evolution of events happening in AD. Various species of both Aβ and tau could be traced in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain system early in the course of the disease. These molecules induce degeneration in the neurons of this system. Reciprocally, aberrant cholinergic system modulation promotes changes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and tau phosphorylation, resulting in neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. Altogether, these changes may better correlate with the clinical findings and cognitive impairment detected in AD patients. Failure of several of Aβ- and tau-related therapies further highlights the need for special attention to molecules that target all of these mentioned pathologic changes. Another noteworthy fact here is that none of the popular hypotheses of AD such as amyloidopathy or tauopathy seem to be responsible for the changes observed in AD alone. Thus, the main culprit should be sought higher in the stream somewhere in APP metabolism or Wnt signaling in the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain. Future studies should target these pathological events.