bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Hebrides Trench, Lines 1 and 12
Authors: Fisher Michael A. , Greene H. Gary 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The New Hebrides island arc strikes northward through the southwestern Pacific Ocean and parallels the trench where the Australia-India plate on the west is subducted beneath the North Fiji basin on the east. Convergence between the oceanic plate and the arc occurs in an easterly direction (N75−E) as determined from earthquake focal mechanisms (Pascal et al., 1978; Isacks et al., 1981). However, the rate of convergence is poorly constrained because of plate motion beneath the North Fiji basin. Chase (1971) estimates an 8 cm/yr convergence rate at the New Hebrides trench, whereas Taylor et al. (1985) propose a convergence rate between 11 and 20 cm/yr.
The d'Entrecasteaux Zone (DEZ) is a large submarine mountain system that extends north and east from New Caledonia to where it collides with the New Hebrides arc. Near the arc the DEZ consists of two subparallel ridges that trend east-west and show considerable topographic relief. Collision of the DEZ with the arc has apparently caused abrupt transitions from a single axial line of volcanic islands south and north of the intersection to triple chains of islands at the intersection. The Aoba basin formed within the arc's summit and lies beneath 2000 to 3000 m of water. Although summit basins are present outside of the collision zone, the Aoba basin has greater bathymetric expressions than any other summit basin. The main objective of this discussion is to describe two seismic lines—-one obtained within and one obtained outside of this collision zone—-to illustrate the contrast in structure
Family and Practitioner Perspectives on Prenatal Early Intervention
Authors: Keilty Bonnie , Smith JaneDiane 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Increasingly, families know prenatally of certain diagnoses with a high probability of developmental delays. These diagnoses could result in eligibility for Part C early intervention (EI) postnatally. Although prenatal developmental interventions (e.g., Early Head Start, Nurse Family Partnership) are common for families with environmental risks, no research has explored the potential of prenatal EI for those families with EI eligible diagnoses. This online survey research explored family and practitioner perspectives of potential prenatal EI and project-identified prenatal outcomes (i.e., health and well-being, parent-child interactions, parenting to family culture, and navigating systems and supports). Overall, both samples reported the prenatal outcomes were clear and important prenatally. Families preferred EI practitioners help with all outcomes. Practitioners preferred to take the lead on some outcomes (e.g., knowledge of and comfort with EI services, intention of EI), whereas the medical community took the lead on others. Findings support the need for further research on the potential of prenatal EI and resulted in implications for current postnatal EI.
Designing an ultracompact all-optical 4-to-2 encoder and investigating its optical power consumption
Authors: Mohebzadeh-Bahabady Ahmad , Olyaee Saeed 
Published: February 2020

In this paper, an ultracompact all-optical encoder based on a photonic crystal nanoresonator was designed. The proposed structure consists of several waveguides and two nanoresonators. The nanoresonators were designed by reducing the radius of the dielectric rods. To analyze the all-optical encoder, plane-wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain methods were, respectively, applied to calculate the bandgap diagram and to obtain the transmission and propagation of optical field. The contrast ratio, delay time, data transfer speed, and total footprint of the logic gate equaled 9.51 dB, 0.24 ps, 4.16 Tb/s, and

148

µ

m

2

, respectively. In addition to these parameters, two new parameters were investigated: the range of optical power required, and the frequency range for better logic gate efficiency. Due to the ultracompacted size, low power consumption, low delay time, and simplicity of structure, this all-optical encoder is suitable for use in low-power optical integrated circuits.
Light field reconstruction from scattered light using plenoptic data
Authors: Sasaki Takahiro , Leger James R. 
Published: February 2020

We investigate the utility of plenoptic data for extracting information
from a scene where the light from objects in the scene is viewable
only after scattering from a surface such as a wall. We derive the
rigorous relationship between the object and the scattered light,
which is cast in terms of a system of Fredholm integral equations of
the first kind with the bidirectional reflectance distribution
function (BRDF) of the scattering surface; further, the object
information is reconstructed by solving the equations. Based on the
Fourier transformation, we propose a simple BRDF model and analyze the
reconstruction errors by introducing newly defined parameters
reflecting the BRDF’s characteristics, i.e., the degree of specularity
and the effective SNR, and obtain optimal regularized solutions under
a variety of surface BRDFs. Moreover, we provide a fundamental limit
of retrievable information content from the scattered light. A
comparison with experimental results is reported.
Algorithms and Rhetorical Inquiry: The Case of the 2008 Financial Collapse
Authors: Reyes G. Mitchell 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Algorithms have never been more influential, yet our collective understanding of how they transform massive networks of cultural power has not kept pace. This is especially true when it comes to economic algorithms, which operate as black boxes largely inaccessible to the majority of citizens whose worlds they continuously reshape. This essay offers a rhetorical approach to reading algorithms—not only to challenge the positivism and mathematical realism that naïvely apotheosizes algorithms and algorithmic culture but more importantly to become critical informants, scholars who can open up these black boxes for fellow citizens, examine the hidden assumptions therein, and study how they actively transform our social-material worlds. The essay’s exemplar is the 2008 financial crisis and a little-known algorithm called the Li Guassian copula, which played a major role in the spread of subprime mortgages. I argue that this copula puts on spectacular display the power of algorithms as principles of composition—actants that materially expand our social collectives even as they marginalize human agency and practical judgment with forms of technological rationality that, in the case of the Li copula, concentrated the networks of structured finance around a single decision apparatus, rendering those networks both larger and, contra conventional wisdom, more fragile.
The Transposition of International Criminal Law Concepts Into National Jurisdictions: The Case of Genocide
Authors: Girard Marie-Hélène 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article discusses preliminary findings of a study on the transposition of the legal concept of genocide into 131 national jurisdictions. The specificities of this transposition into national criminal systems, as well as those related to the international legal definition of genocide, are described in the first part. The communicative situations in which the concept of genocide has been transposed are then examined in order to show their scope and breadth, and to which extent they contribute to the transformation of the concept of genocide. Trends related to the object of transformation in the definition and their effect on meaning are subsequently outlined. The findings point to a situation where, despite having been the object of multiple consensus at the international level, the concept of genocide has been transformed by the vast array of domestic legal languages and legal systems into which it has been transposed and thereby reinforce the relation between the configuration of the language and law, and the difficulty of translation.
Facing Translation Errors at International Organizations: What Corrigenda Reveal About Correction Processes and their Implications for Translation Quality
Authors: Ramos Fernando Prieto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCorrigenda issued by international organizations provide a most relevant source for the analysis of translation errors and what they reveal about institutional translation quality control and correction processes. This study examines corrigenda published in three settings (the European Union institutions involved in law-making, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization) in three years over a decade: 2005, 2010 and 2015. It reviews the procedures used to introduce translation corrections in these institutions before presenting the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of translation-triggered corrigenda in two target languages, French and Spanish, per setting, year, genre, error type and severity. A distinction is made between content reformulation corrections and minor formal corrections for the comparison of diachronic changes and semantic impact levels of corrected errors between the institutions considered. The findings confirm that minor formal errors may have meaning-distorting effects that are as serious as content reformulation errors; when this is not the case, they rarely trigger single-correction corrigenda. The UN recourse to “reissues for technical reasons” for translation corrections and the growing number of corrigenda to EU legal acts and their implications for translation quality assurance and legal certainty are further contextualized and discussed drawing on both corpus analysis and consultations with institutional informants.
Nabożeństwo majowe jako przejaw duchowości maryjnej w nauczaniu św. Zygmunta Szczęsnego Felińskiego
Authors: Samsel Adam 
Published: February 2020

Święty Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński, arcybiskup warszawski w latach 1862-1863, wpisuje się w szereg niezliczonej rzeszy Polaków, należących do grona wielkich czcicieli Najświętszej Maryi Panny. Doceniał on znaczenie kultu maryjnego dla religijnego i moralnego odrodzenia każdego człowieka oraz całego polskiego narodu, dlatego propagował i upowszechnił nabożeństwo majowe. Od jego czasów datuje się piękny zwyczaj śpiewania litanii loretańskiej w domach rodzinnych, przy polnych kapliczkach i przydrożnych krzyżach.W początkowym etapie wprowadzania nabożeństwa majowego ważną jego częścią było głoszone przez kapłana słowo Boże. Łaski przepowiadania z mocą udziela Pan tym wszystkim, którzy ściśle się z Nim zjednoczyli i żyją życiem Chrystusowym. Feliński często powoływał się na przykład Maryi, nadając jej różne imiona. To nieustanne wychwalanie Maryi, życie z imieniem Maryi na ustach, miało zaprowadzić wiernych na wyżyny świętości. Nabożeństwo ma się odbywać z wystawieniem Najświętszego Sakramentu. Trwanie przed Najświętszym Sakramentem pozwala przylgnąć do Chrystusa oraz rozwinąć w duszy ludzkiej życie nadprzyrodzone.
Intrinsic Excitability Increase in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells after Delay Eye-Blink Conditioning in Mice
Authors: Titley Heather K. , Watkins Gabrielle V. , Lin Carmen , Weiss Craig , McCarthy Michael , Disterhoft John F. , Hansel Christian 
Published: February 2020

Cerebellar-based learning is thought to rely on synaptic plasticity, particularly at synaptic inputs to Purkinje cells. Recently, however, other complementary mechanisms have been identified. Intrinsic plasticity is one such mechanism, and depends in part on the downregulation of calcium-dependent SK-type K+channels, which contribute to a medium-slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) after spike bursts, regulating membrane excitability. In the hippocampus, intrinsic plasticity plays a role in trace eye-blink conditioning; however, corresponding excitability changes in the cerebellum in associative learning, such as in trace or delay eye-blink conditioning, are less well studied. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices prepared from male mice ∼48 h after they learned a delay eye-blink conditioning task. Over a period of repeated training sessions, mice received either paired trials of a tone coterminating with a periorbital shock (conditioning) or trials in which these stimuli were randomly presented in an unpaired manner (pseudoconditioning). Purkinje cells from conditioned mice show a significantly reduced AHP after trains of parallel fiber stimuli and after climbing fiber evoked complex spikes. The number of spikelets in the complex spike waveform is increased after conditioning. Moreover, we find that SK-dependent intrinsic plasticity is occluded in conditioned, but not pseudoconditioned mice. These findings show that excitability is enhanced in Purkinje cells after delay eye-blink conditioning, and point toward a downregulation of SK channels as a potential underlying mechanism. The observation that this learning effect lasts at least up to 2 d after training shows that intrinsic plasticity regulates excitability in the long term.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPlasticity of membrane excitability (“intrinsic plasticity”) has been observed in invertebrate and vertebrate neurons, coinduced with synaptic plasticity or in isolation. Although the cellular phenomenon per se is well established, it remains unclear what role intrinsic plasticity plays in learning and if it even persists long enough to serve functions in engram physiology beyond aiding synaptic plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that cerebellar Purkinje cells upregulate excitability in delay eye-blink conditioning, a form of motor learning. This plasticity is observed 48 h after training and alters synaptically evoked spike firing and integrative properties of these neurons. These findings show that intrinsic plasticity enhances the spike firing output of Purkinje cells and persists over the course of days.
Beyond the Moral Domain: The Normative Sense Among the Chinese
Authors: Berniūnas Renatas , Silius Vytis , Dranseika Vilius 
Published: February 2020

In this paper we report a study on how different types of normatively relevant transgressions are evaluated by Chinese participants. We hypothesized that, given the continuing influences of Confucian worldview on contemporary Chinese societies, the Chinese will not make a distinction between moral (daode) and conventional norms of cultured behavior (wenming). Our results indicate that Chinese participants expressed a strong normative conviction not only towards harmful and unfair actions, usually subsumed under the moral domain in Western literature, but also towards violations of what would be widely accepted as conventional (or cultural) norms. Similarly, Chinese participants expressed a strong normative conviction towards violations of the traditional Chinese value of family reverence (xiao), thus further supporting our general thesis. Moreover, results indicate that, overall, explicit consi­derations of wenming (unculturedness) emerged as the best predictor of a normative conviction response among the Chinese. Though considerations of harm and fairness also emerged as significant predictors of normative conviction response. The results are discussed in the light of recent debates about the moral/conventional distinction and the scope of morality.
Trends in Smoking Behaviors Among US Adolescent Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Azagba Sunday , Manzione Lauren , Shan Lingpeng , King Jessica 
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Identifying trends in smoking behaviors among youth cigarette smokers could inform youth policy and interventions.

METHODS:
Using 2011–2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey data, logistic/linear regressions were used to analyze trends in smoking frequency, intensity, age of first cigarette use, and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use frequency among current smokers. Stratified analyses were conducted among male, female, middle school, and high school students and race and ethnicity subgroups separately.

RESULTS:
From 2011 to 2018, there was a decrease in smoking ≥10 days (50.0% to 38.3%), ≥20 days (37.2% to 26.3%), and 30 days (26.6% to 18.2%) among current smokers. Smoking prevalence decreased among male, female, high school, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic other students. Overall, light smoking (≤5 cigarettes per day [CPDs]) increased (76.6% to 82.7%), and moderate smoking (6–10 CPDs) decreased (10.7% to 8.3%). Trends in light, moderate, and heavy smoking varied by demographic groups. Age at first cigarette use increased among female (12.28 to 13.29), high school (12.91 to 13.18), and non-Hispanic other students (11.64 to 12.83) and decreased among male students (12.90 to 12.57). From 2014 to 2018, there was an increase in e-cigarette use frequency for ≥10 days (20.8% to 40.9%), ≥20 days (13.5% to 31.7%), and all 30 days (9.3% to 22%).

CONCLUSIONS:
From 2011 to 2018, current youth cigarette smokers smoked fewer days and fewer CPDs, and age of first cigarette use increased. However, over time, male youth smoked more heavily and started smoking earlier. E-cigarette use increased from 2014 to 2018. Differences by demographic characteristics can inform future research and interventions.
Continuality and dyscretivity of soils for fields: applied consequences for agriculture
Authors: Medvedev V. V. 
Published: February 2020

The continuality is considered as the fundamental feature of a soil cover consisting gradual change of its properties in space, synchronized with changes of soil factors formation, and dyscretivity is mainly artificial the introduced category caused by classification appreciably various genetic and agritechnologic divisions. The soil cover is studied basically as continual and is very weak as a discrete body, especially if it to consider at an original average hierarchical level (mean spatial heterogeneity of many soil properties within the limits of polypedon, or, in a context of present article, – fields of a crop rotation). Certainly, it brakes successful development of representations about a soil horizontal structure and, as consequence, practical appendices of heterogeneity to precise agriculture. Zonal systems of agriculture are based on an environment of a zone and in essence reflect average continual features of a soil cover. Precise systems are under construction on the basis of dyscretivity of a soil cover – new soil borders which are used for allocation of soil contours within the limits of a field for differentiation of ways and intensity of tillage, dozes of fertilizers application and chemical ameliorants. In article attempt to use the established representations about spatial features of soil properties for improvement of modern practice of agriculture, especially precise agriculture, including ways of a finding of the area of contours of a field with different parameters of fertility are made. As objects 6 fields are used, three from which are located to Polesye, two – in Forest-Steppe and one – in Steppe. Use of principles of precise agriculture and inspection of display soil properties of fields on a regular grid has allowed to divide fields into contours with three levels of fertility, one of which is characterized by properties optimum or close to them, that allows to refuse (or it is essential to reduce) from application of tillage, fertilizer or chemical ameliorants. Precise agriculture – perspective soil – and energy saving the system reflecting heterogeneity of a field of a crop rotation, should replace traditional zonal systems of agriculture. Thus, on the basis of research of various displays of heterogeneity - continual when properties of soil in space change gradually, synchronously to factors of soil formation, and discrete when properties of soil change in the limits of small areas necessity of introduction of new borders for the soil cover, based on horizontal studying of soil properties, – morphological, physical, physic-mechanical and others is proposed. By means of borders the configuration of industrial working sites for the differentiated application of agritechnological operations is proved.
Macro- and micro-morphological differentiation of humus-accumulative horizon of forest soils
Authors: Yakovenko V. M. 
Published: February 2020

The paper presents the results of studies of macro- and micromorphological differentiation of the surface humus-accumulative horizon (A) of forest soils of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The study groups included typical soil profiles of natural ravine, wall (slope of the river bank) and floodplain forests, and chernozem under grassy and artificial tree vegetation within Prisamarya Dniprovsky (Novomoskovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk region). In the macromorphological study, the method of field description of soils recommended by FAO (2012) was used, the characteristics of microstructural soil organization were described in G. Stoops (2003). The differentiation of the surface humus-accumulation horizon (A) of the investigated soils is diagnosed after changes in a number of macro- and micromorphological characteristics of the structural state-morphology and aggregate size, total porosity, void morphology, and addition density. The analysis of morphological characteristics reveals both communities the features of differentiation of the humus-accumulative horizon, and certain differences between the soils of natural forests and Calcic Chernozem. The surface humus-accumulative horizon of Calcic Chernozem, both under grassy and under artificial tree vegetation, is differentiated into two sub-horizons A1 and A2. In the Voronic Luvic Chernozem of natural ravine, Luvic Phaeozem of the pristine (slope of the river bank) forests and Mollic Fluvisol of floodplain forests, the surface horizon is differentiated into three sub-horizons – A1, A2, A3. At the macromorphological level, of the surface humus-accumulative horizon there are synchronous changes in the main characteristics of the structural state - the set and the dominant types of structure, the prevailing dimensions of aggregates within the framework of one type of structure, the total porosity, the diversity of the morphology of the voids, the relative participation of individual types of voids in the formation of pore space, density shape. At the micromorphological level, differentiation is diagnosed on the basis of changes: a set and the relative ratio of different types of microstructure; the ratio of the dominant types of voids and the total area of apparent porosity; morphology of aggregates (shape, size, degree of accomodation of surfaces, intra-aggregate porosity) within a single type of microstructure. The more complex differentiation of the surface humus-accumulative horizon of forest soils in comparison with Calcic Chernozem is due to the greater thickness of the horizon, which causes a significant compaction in the lower direction within the surface horizon and more intensive biological activity (especially soil meso- and microfauna).
Novel Tm3+/Yb3+–co-doped Bi2MoO6: Synthesis, characterization, and enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Zhang Zuowei , Hao Hongshun , Jin Shanshan , Hou Yunxia , Hou Hongman , Zhang Gongliang , Bi Jingran , Yan Shuang , Liu Guishan , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract