bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Compliance Checks and Underage Alcohol‐Involved Crashes: Evaluation of a Statewide Enforcement Program in South Carolina from 2006 to 2016
Authors: George Michael D. , Holder Rachel , Shamblen Steve , Nienhius Michelle M. , Holder Harold D. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis research evaluated the South Carolina Alcohol Enforcement Team impact for reducing retail alcohol access to underage persons to decrease drinking and driving crashes among that population.MethodsThe natural research experiment used interrupted time‐series (ITS) analyses of drinking and driving crashes involving under 21‐year‐old drivers from July 2006 through December 2016 (126‐month period = 4,782 Driving Under Influence [DUI] crashes for under 21‐year‐old drivers, µ = 38 crashes per month). Additional data analyzed included the monthly total number of retail compliance checks (total during 126‐month period = 64,954 compliance checks completed, µ = 515.5 checks per month), the average percentage of underage alcohol purchases (total completed during 126‐month period = 8,814 purchases, µ = 70 purchases per month), and a calculated measure of the percent of the population under 21 years old exposed to compliance checks each month. We used drinking and driving crashes for 21‐year‐old and over drivers as a control time series (total number over a 126‐month period = 52,180 DUI crashes for 21 and older drivers, µ = 414.1 crashes per month).ResultsThe results show a decline in drinking and driving crashes for drivers under 21 when compliance checks increase, and when compliance checks decline, traffic crashes increase. Stable Alcohol Enforcement Team implementation over 78 months produced an overall 18 to 29% decline in such crashes. A visual examination of the crash time series demonstrated that under‐21‐age‐driver crashes declined during the first wave of implementation and increased following a lag when enforcement declined, which provided additional empirical support for a South Carolina Alcohol Enforcement Team impact on retail alcohol availability. An ITS analysis of the prestable period compared to the stable period was statistically significant (T = −3.78, p < 0.001). A cross‐check of these results using single‐vehicle nighttime crashes using identical Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models was also statistically significant (T = −8.18, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis longitudinal study provides strong evidence of sustained reductions in alcohol availability to underage youth can subsequently reduce alcohol‐related traffic crashes. Reductions found in this study continued over several years, considerably longer than any previous equivalent research has shown.
10Be surface exposure dating of the deglaciation of northernmost Norway and Finland
Authors: Anjar Johanna , Akçar Naki , Lakeman Thomas , Larsen Eiliv A. , Seiler Martin 
Published: December 2020

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the coast of Finnmark county, northern Norway, was covered by the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS), which coalesced with the Barents Sea Ice Sheet (BSIS) off the coast. The region is thus important for our understanding of the dynamic interactions between the BSIS and the SIS, yet it remains one of the least dated regions covered by the SIS. To improve the chronological constraints, we present 23 new 10Be ages from eight localities in northernmost Norway and Finland, and discuss implications for the pattern and timing of ice‐sheet retreat in the region. The samples were collected along a 240‐km‐long north–south transect ranging from the outer coast of Nordkinn peninsula (Norway) to Lake Inarijärvi (Finland). The new exposure ages indicate deglaciation of the outer coast at ~14.5 ka. From there, the ice retreated southward until it reached the Main substage moraine complex just north of the Norwegian‐Finnish border during the Younger Dryas. South of the Main substage moraines the deglaciation appears to have become more rapid, eventually reaching Inari, at the southern end of our transect, around 10.4±1.4 ka.
High‐content screening identifies inhibitors of oxidative stress‐induced parthanatos: cytoprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects of ciclopirox
Authors: Regdon Zsolt , Demény Máté A. , Kovács Katalin , Hajnády Zoltán , Nagy‐Pénzes Máté , Bakondi Edina , Kiss Alexandra , Hegedűs Csaba , Virág László 
Published: December 2020

Background and PurposeExcessive oxidative stress can induce PARP1‐mediated programmed necrotic cell death, termed parthanatos. Inhibition of parthanatos may be therapeutically beneficial in a wide array of diseases associated with tissue injury and inflammation. Our goal was to identify novel molecules inhibiting parthanatos.Experimental ApproachA small library of 774 pharmacologically active compounds was screened in a Sytox Green uptake assay, which identified 20 hits that reduced hydrogen‐peroxide‐induced parthanatos with an efficiency comparable to the benchmark PARP inhibitor, PJ34.Key ResultsOf these hits, two compounds, antifungal ciclopirox and dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine, inhibited PAR polymer synthesis. These two compounds prevented the binding of PARP1 to oxidatively damaged DNA but did not directly interfere with the interaction between DNA and PARP1. Both compounds inhibited mitochondrial superoxide and H2O2 production and suppressed DNA breakage. Since H2O2‐induced damage is dependent on Fe2+‐catalysed hydroxyl radical production (Fenton chemistry), we determined the iron chelation activity of the two test compounds and found that ciclopirox and, to a lesser extent, apomorphine act as iron chelators. We also show that the Fe2+ chelation and indirect PARP inhibitory effects of ciclopirox translate to anti‐inflammatory actions as demonstrated in a mouse dermatitis model, where ciclopirox reduced ear swelling, inflammatory cell recruitment and poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings indicate that the antimycotic drug, ciclopirox, acts as an iron chelator and thus targets an early event in hydrogen‐peroxide‐induced parthanatos. Ciclopirox has the potential to be repurposed as a cytoprotective and anti‐inflammatory agent.
Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination for infants born preterm: predicting outcomes other than cerebral palsy
Authors: Romeo Domenico M , Cowan Frances M , Haataja Leena , Ricci Daniela , Pede Elisa , Gallini Francesca , Cota Francesco , Brogna Claudia , Vento Giovanni , Romeo Mario G , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: December 2020

AimWe explored the ability of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) to identify typical and delayed cognitive performance in a large population of infants born preterm, both with and without cerebral palsy (CP).MethodWe conducted a retrospective study of infants born preterm who had repeated HINEs between 3 and 12 months corrected age. At 2 years, cognition was assessed using the Mental Development Index (MDI; from the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition) and the presence and severity of CP was determined. All children were classified as cognitively typical/mildly delayed or significantly delayed (MDI <70) and CP. The predictive validity of HINE scores for significantly delayed cognitive performance, in children with and without CP, was calculated using specific cut‐off scores according to age at assessment.ResultsOf 1229 eligible infants (gestational age 25–36wks, mean [SD] 34.9 [2.3]; 646 males, 583 females), 1108 did not develop CP, 891 had an MDI that was typical/mildly delayed, and 217 had an MDI less than 70. Of the 121 infants who developed CP, the MDI was typical in 28, mildly delayed in 27, and less than 70 in 66. HINE scores showed a good sensitivity and specificity, especially after 3 months, for detecting significantly delayed cognitive performance in infants without CP. In those who developed CP, the score was associated with their cognitive level.InterpretationThe HINE provides information about the risk of delayed cognitive performance in infants born preterm with and without CP.
What this paper adds

The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) can be used in the first year to identify infants born preterm at risk for delayed cognitive performance.

Age‐dependent HINE cut‐off scores are proposed for detecting increased risk of delayed cognitive performance.
Dung beetle trophic ecology: are we misunderstanding resources attraction?
Authors: Giménez Gómez Victoria C. , Verdú José R. , Velazco Santiago J.E. , Zurita Gustavo A. 
Published: December 2020

Trophic ecology of dung beetles has been widely studied because of the important ecological role of these taxa. However, previous studies have focused on a limited number of potential food items (mainly vertebrate dung and carrion) and have used only one approach (either field or laboratory). Moreover, recent studies showed high abundance of dung beetles in defaunated areas with a low abundance of these resources.In this study, we combined a field and laboratory approach to explore dung beetle trophic attraction to different potential native resources in the Atlantic forest; and we evaluated whether results can explain the high abundance of dung beetles in defaunated areas. Through laboratory olfactometry experiments, we first exposed individuals to vertebrate carrion, omnivorous dung, and decomposing fungi. Then, we exposed species that exhibited a preference for dung to monkey, tapir, and feline dung; and those that preferred carrion and decomposing fungi to chicken, cow meat, and arthropod carcasses. We compared trophic attractions in the field and laboratory conditions with generalised additive models.We found that coprophagous species preferred monkey dung, and all necrophagous and sapro‐necrophagous species preferred arthropod carcasses. These results suggest that the importance of arthropods carcasses as an important resource for dung beetles has been largely underestimated.The results of this study might provide an explanation for the high abundance of necrophagous and sapro‐necrophagous dung beetles in defaunated areas. In addition, the use of omnivorous dung and arthropod carcasses could be an effective sampling method for dung beetle assemblages.
Behavioural response ofBrachionus calyciflorusto the predatorAsplanchna sieboldii
Authors: Zhang Huan , He Yuhan , He Liang , Yao Hui , Xu Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo deal with predation threats, many prey organisms have evolved anti‐predator defences in both morphology and behaviour. Aquatic rotifers were among the first model organisms for studying inducible defences and studies mainly focused on predator‐induced morphological defences. Despite this, we still lack a good understanding of predator‐induced behavioural defences in rotifers.In this study, we conducted three laboratory induction experiments to investigatefloatingbehavioural responses of the prey rotiferBrachionus calyciflorusto the presence of the predatorAsplanchna sieboldiiand its chemical cues. Two experiments used liveA. sieboldiiand one usedA. sieboldii‐conditioned medium. Subsequently, we examined the protective effects of floating behaviour against predation byAsplanchnaby performing predation experiment.We show thatB. calyciflorushas a pronounced behavioural response toA. sieboldiiand that this response can be induced by both exposure to liveA. sieboldiiand toAsplanchna‐conditioned medium. We also found that.B. calycifloruscan respond with floating behaviour immediately within 10 min when exposed toAsplanchna‐conditioned medium.We also provide the first experimental evidence that the floating behaviour ofB. calyciflorusreduces the predation rate fromA. sieboldiiby about 50%, and effectively protects them from consumption by this predator. Thus, we concluded thatB. calycifloruscan sense chemical cues released during predation byA. sieboldiiand use behaviour as a defence, escaping to the water surface as a refuge, thereby reducing predation risk.Our results represent a novel addition to our fundamental knowledge on how prey may not be passive victims, but rather actively use inducible behavioural defences to counteract their vulnerability to predators.
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL.) range contraction and expansion in Europe under changing climate
Authors: Puchałka Radosław , Dyderski Marcin K. , Vítková Michaela , Sádlo Jiří , Klisz Marcin , Netsvetov Maksym , Prokopuk Yulia , Matisons Roberts , Mionskowski Marcin , Wojda Tomasz , Koprowski Marcin , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRobinia pseudoacaciais one of the most frequent non‐native species in Europe. It is a fast‐growing tree of high economic and cultural importance. On the other hand, it is an invasive species, causing changes in soil chemistry and light regime, and consequently altering the plant communities. Previously published models developed for the potential distribution ofR. pseudoacaciaconcerned 2070, and were based mainly on data from Western and Central Europe; here we extended these findings and included additional data from Eastern Europe. To fill the gap in current knowledge ofR. pseudoacaciadistribution and improve the reliability of forecasts, we aimed to (i) determine the extent to which the outcome of range modeling will be affected by complementingR. pseudoacaciaoccurrence data with sites from Central, Southeastern, and Eastern Europe, (ii) identify and quantify the changes in the availability of climate niches for 2050 and 2070, and discuss their impacts on forest management and nature conservation. We showed that the majority of the range changes expected in 2070 will occur as early as 2050. In comparison to previous studies, we demonstrated a greater eastward shift of potential niches of this species and a greater decline of potential niches in Southern Europe. Consequently, future climatic conditions will likely favor the occurrence ofR. pseudoacaciain Central and Northeastern Europe where this species is still absent or relatively rare. There, controlling the spread ofR. pseudoacaciawill require monitoring sources of invasion in the landscape and reducing the occurrence of this species. The expected effects of climate change will likely be observed 20 years earlier than previously forecasted. Hence we highlighted the urgent need for acceleration of policies aimed at climate change mitigation in Europe. Also, our results showed the need for using more complete distribution data to analyze potential niche models.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) research priorities: Opinions from United States hemp stakeholders
Authors: Ellison Shelby 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfter over a half century hiatus from hemp production research, the crop is once again legal to grow in the United States. A nationwide survey of hemp stakeholders was conducted to determine priority areas for research. Respondents were asked to rate and rank areas of research relating to agronomics, economics, and genetics. Additional information was collected in education and outreach needs, regulatory concerns, and stakeholder demographics. Stakeholders suggested that hemp markets and economics, regulatory compliance, human nutritional quality and health properties, flower quality, and seed characteristics and considerations were the top priorities. Additional areas of research were considered extremely important by the majority of stakeholders: postharvest considerations, disease management, and plant breeding. Survey responses suggest the strong need for investment in this crop to make it economically viable for stakeholders. The information gained from the survey results will aid hemp researchers in defining their research priorities. Furthermore, survey findings can be used by funding entities to develop targeted grant programs to help support this reemerging crop.
Circular RNA ITCH mediates H2O2‐induced myocardial cell apoptosis by targeting miR‐17‐5p via wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Nengfeng , Wang Xu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease is a severe threat health worldwide, and circRNAs have been shown to be correlated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Expression of circ‐ITCH and miR‐17a‐5p was evaluated by RT‐qPCR. Cell viability was measured using CCK‐8. Flow cytometry was applied to measure apoptosis rate. Binding between miR‐17‐5p and circ‐ITCH was detected via luciferase reporter assays. Levels of ATP in cells were examined with ATP testing. Western blot was used to evaluate apoptosis‐related proteins and proteins in Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. H2O2 induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells and lowered cell viability as well as ATP levels and circ‐ITCH expression. After overexpression, circ‐ITCH enhanced cell viability and ATP concentration. Meanwhile, apoptosis was inhibited. MiR‐17‐5p was the target of circ‐ITCH as evidenced by luciferase report assays, with higher expression in H2O2‐induced H9c2 cells. Knockdown of miR‐17‐5p could promote cell viability and level of ATP and curb apoptosis and p53 and PARP expression. Moreover, overexpressed miR‐17‐5p could reverse the function of upregulated circ‐ITCH. Wnt3a, Wnt5a and β‐catenin in Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway were increased after H2O2 induction. Suppression of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway could initiate the process of injury in H9c2 cells. Circ‐ITCH could protect myocardial cells from injuries caused by H2O2 by suppressing apoptosis while miR‐17‐5p played a reverse role, which could upregulate apoptosis and inhibit cell viability via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway.
Lactobacillus Gasseri LGZ 1029 in yogurt: rheological behaviour and volatile compound composition
Authors: Zhou Qin‐yu , Zhao Shan , Huang Yan‐yan , Hu Jin‐shuang , Kuang Jia‐hua , Liu Dong‐mei , Brennan Charles S. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryYogurt preserves and enhances nutritional value of milk. In this study, we have compared several strains to determine the physicochemical, sensory, rheological and aroma characteristics of different yogurts. We used Lactobacillus gasseri LGZ 1029 (LG), commercial probiotic L. rhamnosus (LGG) and traditional fermentation strains Streptococcus thermophilus and L. bulgaricus (SL). Results showed that the flavour and texture characteristics of mixed‐strain yogurts were obviously better than in single‐strain yogurts. Addition of LG increased pseudoplastic behaviour, as shown by Herschel–Bulkley model analysis of rheological behaviour. The LG + SL group also had both the highest viscosity consistency index and thickening ability. In addition, a total of 57 volatile compounds were detected in yogurts and the fermentation with the addition of LG was mainly affected by ketones. Our study suggested that a yogurt with new attributes can be produced by using LGZ 1029.
The effect of parental participation in the care of hospitalized children on parent satisfaction and parent and child anxiety: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Çamur Zühal , Sarıkaya Karabudak Seher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChild hospitalization is a stressful experience for both children and their parents. Parents should establish effective communication with healthcare professionals to be able to participate in the care of their children in the hospital environment.Aims and ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to determine the effect of parental participation in the care of hospitalized children on parent satisfaction and parent and child anxiety.DesignThe design used for this study was randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe study data were collected between 1 February and 31 May 2016. Frequency, percentage, paired t test, Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe study compared the parents' pretest and posttest scores on the anxiety and found that there was a statistically significant difference between the posttest scores of intervention and control groups. There was also a statistically significant difference parental participation and overall satisfaction subscales of the parent satisfaction as well as their total scores and mean scores. Comparison of the children's posttest scores on the anxiety inventory also found a statistically significant difference.ConclusionThe study concluded that parental participation in the care of hospitalized children increases parent satisfaction with healthcare, and reduces anxiety of both parents and children.
The role of temperature and oxygen availability on the distribution ofCorbicula largillierti
Authors: Rodriguez Florencia A. , Reyna Paola B. , Maggioni Tamara , Giménez Diego R. , Torre Luciana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe invasiveness ofCorbicula largilliertihas been underestimated, but this bivalve is currently receiving more attention. The first study of the distribution of this species along one of the major basins of central Argentina showed that it was completely absent in the major central reservoir, but was present along its tributary and effluent rivers. Ten years later, this discontinuous distribution has not changed, despite the bivalve's high dispersion capacity. The main environmental differences between the reservoir and the rivers are that the former has finer sediment grain size, higher temperatures, and lower oxygen concentration during summer months. This study aimed to evaluate whether one of these factors could be limiting the distribution ofC. largillierti. We assessed the metabolic response and burial behavior (under different grain sizes) ofC. largilliertiover 8 weeks at 30°C against a control condition at 20°C. We also analyzed the oxygen consumption (vO2) as a function of environmental oxygen concentration (pO2) at 25°C, estimating its metabolic regulation capacity (R). This showed the existence of an environmental oxygen concentration threshold (Pt) that could be an indicative of physiological limiting concentrations that compromise species survival and settlement. After 8 weeks at 30°C, the metabolic rate of individuals ofC. largilliertiincreased and their burial behavior was slightly compromised but mostly for coarser sediments. Concerning environmental oxygen availability,C. largilliertiis an oxyconformer with a lowR(39.9%), a clear pattern of negative regulation, and a lowPt(48.4% air saturation). The lack of any regulation capacity ofC. largilliertiunder environmental oxygen limitations and the extremely lowpO2at the bottom of the reservoir during summer months may explain its failure to colonize and survive there.
Journal of pineal research guideline for authors: Defining and characterizing melatonin targets
Authors: Cecon Erika , Legros Céline , Boutin Jean A. , Jockers Ralf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA multitude of effects has been attributed to melatonin at pmol/L to mmol/L concentrations. More than fifteen targets have been proposed for melatonin but only few of them are well characterized. The current guidelines intend to provide a framework to improve and rationalize the characterization of melatonin targets and effects. They should be considered as mandatory guidelines and minimum requirements for manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Pineal Research.