bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing the social value and return on investment of public health services and interventions
Authors: Ashton K , Stielke A , Dyakova M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The need for investment in health and well-being to achieve sustainable development and inclusive economic growth is stronger than ever in the face of multiple adversities. Making the case for investing in public health is essential. The social, economic and environmental value of public health programmes has to be embedded in every organisational balance sheet in order to progress national and international commitments; and to enable sustainable policy and action for the benefit of people, communities and societies.
The WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being at Public Health Wales has developed a programme of work to assess the (social)return on investment of services and interventions. This involves looking at specific health and well-being outcomes, and estimating the wider social, economic and environmental value of the organisation and its various health protection and health improvement programmes. Specific health economics methods used will be Social/Return on Investment and Social/Cost-Benefit Analysis.
The programme will generate an ’extended balance sheet’, including estimates of health and well-being outcomes and monetarising the social and environmental value. This will result in establishing the holistic economic value of Public Health Wales. Specific outputs are: a comprehensive costing model to capture input; outcome and impact maps; capturing the value of public health programmes in terms of health and well-being, as well as social, economic and environmental outcomes. Finally, a generalised framework for other similar organisations will be developed.
This innovative programme aims to measure the social, economic and environmental value of Public Health Wales as a national public health institute. The developed framework can be used by other organisations across Europe to inform and guide their efforts to capture the wider social value, involve key stakeholders from the outset and achieve sustainable financing in the long run.

Key messages
Making the case for investing in public health by illustrating its social, economic and environmental value is vital. Social Return on Investment is an innovative and useful method to estimate the wider value of public health interventions.
Economic burden of main Noncommunicable diseases in the Russian Federation in 2016
Authors: Kontsevaya A , Balanova Y , Khudyakov M , Myrzamatova A , Mukaneeva D , Sapunova I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
To estimate the economic burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2016, including the direct costs and the economic losses caused by reduced productivity.
Material and

Methods
We included 4 diseases: cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, cancer and chronic pulmonary disease (COPD). We used the official statistics data collected by Ministry of health on the number of patients, health care resources utilization (hospitalizations, emergency visits, outpatients’ visits). The costs of health care were obtained from health insurance fund. Directs nonmedical costs included disabilitypayments, calculated based on the number of disabled persons from each group and by the amount of the disability allowance. Indirect costs (economic losses) included decreased productivity due to premature mortality and disability. The potential years of life lost (PYLL) were calculated using the number of life years lost due todeath and disability due to NCDs before 70 years. Human capital approach was used, and calculation were based on the GDP per person.

Results
Number of PYLL due to premature death from NCDs was estimated to be 8,0 million years. Economic burden because of NCDs in 2016 in the RF reached 3,3 trillion (45.9 billion €), which is equivalent of 3.9% of GDP for this year. Direct costs were responsible only for 13% of losses, indirect costs for 87% of the total burden. CVD were responsible for 81,4% of burden, cancer – for 7,1%, diabetes - 6,5% and COPD for 5,0%.

Conclusions
The economic burden because of NCDs in the RF in 2016 was 3.3 trillion (3.9% of GDP). Such the significant economic burden and absence of positive dynamics is a strong argument for increasing investments in the prevention and treatment of NCDs.

Key messages
Number of PYLL due to premature death from NCDs was estimated to be 8,0 million years. Economic burden because of NCDs in 2016 in the RF reached 3,3 trillion (45.9 billion €), which is equivalent of 3.9% of GDP for this year.
Public expenditure on health promotion and prevention interventions in Austria in 2016
Authors: Antony K , Fröschl B , Ivansits S , Gaiswinkler S , Laschkolnig A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue/problem
Government and social insurance-funded health promotion and prevention interventions in Austria are surveyed on an irregular basis. Comprehensive data on government expenditures, categorized according to financial providers and/or intervention types had not been published since 2012.

Description of the problem
In accordance with Austrias current federal target contract, the survey is intended to support the targeted use of funds in the fields of health promotion and prevention by providing timely and detailed information on public spending in these areas.

Results
In 2016, the public sector spent 2,441.3 million euros on health promotion and prevention, which corresponds to 280.6 euros per capita (of the Austrian population). Additionally, administrative bodies reported staff-related costs, which could not be monetarily assessed for all administrative levels.
70 per cent of the expenditure on health promotion and prevention incurred by public institutions in Austria went towards tertiary prevention. The shares for primary and secondary prevention are 13.5 and 13.2 per cent respectively, the remaining funds were spent on health promotion and capacity building (3.4 per cent).

Lessons
The collection and coordination effort is considerable for data reporters and study authors, still more frequent collection facilitates data reporting and quality.
An overview of the data is still not available at the administrative level of the countries (Länder), this could contribute to informed decisions.

Key messages
Expenditures on health promotion and primary prevention show high growth rates for the period 2012-2016 (+21.3%) reflecting the continuing social importance that this topic has gained in recent years. An allocation of funds to the areas prioritized in the Austrian health promotion strategy 2013-2016 is evident for at least three topic areas.
From pillars of postgraduate education towards motivated and competent public health workforce
Authors: Chikhladze N , Pitskhelauri N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Motivation and effective supervision are key factors in postgraduate Public Health Education. On the one hand motivation represents a power that derives and then steers students’ activities in order to achieve their objectives; on the other hand, supervision practices can significantly influence the behavior of students, from encouraging students to endeavor future goals to letting them lose the motivation to continue the study. The aim of this research is to study motivation of PhD students and to explore the supervision practices at the Department of Public Health.

Methods
A Special questionnaire has been developed and quantitative method has been used for this study. The questionnaires were distributed to all PhD students at TSU Faculty of Medicine.

Results
A total of 79 completed questionnaires have been used for analyses (response rate 52,6%). The study found that around 90% of the PhD students are generally satisfied with existing supervisory experiences. 87% of respondents mentioned that they have regular meetings with their supervisors and the importance of these meetings are evaluated as important or very important. The study also found that PhD students are more influenced by intrinsic motives and students place priority emphasis on the interest in scientific research and continuing learning experience. At the same time the greatest incentive for deciding to become a PhD student is the possibility of acquiring experience within international partnerships, among them short- or long-term mobility in the Framework of DIKU funded project ,,Georgian-Norwegian Collaborative in Public Health’’ and NIH funded project, ICREATE - Increasing Capacity in Research in Eastern Europe’’.

Conclusions
The study has provided the insights into supervision practices and PhD students’ motivation. Survey has raised some emerging issues, which are inclined to be improved in order to strengthen the postgraduate Public Health Education.

Key messages
The research emphasizes the importance of evaluating the motivation and supervision practices in postgraduate public health education for strengthen the public health graduates and workforce. The research highlights the impacts of international collaborative partnerships in transitional countries.
Implementation and development of guidelines in the emergency services in Kosovo – PARIHS framework
Authors: Hodza-Beganovic R , Carlsson H , Lidberg H , Blaku V , Berggren P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this project is to create understanding on the determinant factors enhancing adherence to treatment guidelines for the emergency medical services in Kosovo (EMSK). Focus is on barriers, and enablers while introducing the guidelines. It is aiming to create clearance and understanding of how and why the implementation outcomes are achieved. The factors influencing implementation will be mapped in three main domains. The domains are part of the determinant framework Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS). Each of the domains is further divided into sub-constructs.

Methods
The process of implementing treatment guidelines into the emergency medical services in Kosovo was observed and documented by 4 researchers, using a participatory research design. The PARIHS framework that consists of three core components: evidence, context, and facilitation was applied to make clarity on what works better and why, in order to achieve the outcomes of the implemented guidelines.

Results
The preliminary results have shown that the three constructs have an important role in the process of implementation. The domain evidence determined the way the evidence based practice is conceived in this particular setting. The domain context concerns the organization and teamwork shaped challenges and possibilities for adherence to the guidelines. The role of an external facilitator was of specific importance.

Conclusions
The PARIHS framework serves in both practical and theoretical planning of an intervention. In the present project it provides clarity on planning of the process, while also offer understanding of the elements that contribute to the sustainability of the intervention. Finally the lessons from the approach can be replicated in similar context.

Key messages
Implementation projects can be more successful suing a framework to direct the effort. Such interventions should be premised with clarity on the evidence, the local context, and facilitation factors.
Preferences and expectations of graduates in nursing towards lifelong learning (Bulgaria, 2016-2019)
Authors: Grancharova G , Djulgerova S , Aleksandrova-Yankulovska S , Dimitrova E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Nurses have a vital role to play in provision of high quality and safety health care in a global perspective. This is extremely valid for Bulgaria with the lowest nurses to doctors’ ratio 1.1. The future nursing generations should be motivated for lifelong learning (LLL), irrespectively of scarce human and financial resources in health care. The aim of the study was to explore preferences, expectations and motivation of graduates in nursing towards LLL.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 174 bachelors in nursing (152 women and 22 men) before their graduation in 2016-2019 at the Faculty of Health Care in MU-Pleven. Anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information about graduates’ work preferences, expectations and motivation for LLL (response rate 95%). Data processing was performed by SPSS v.24 using descriptive statistics and correlations. The accepted level of significance was p &lt; 0.05.

Results
Most of the graduates prefer high-technology clinics with only 13.2% for outpatient care and community centres; 50% plan to get higher educational degree; 81.5% will need a clinical mentor to start practicing. LLL is appraised by 82% as ultimate for nursing. It should be directed to developing skills and knowledge for effective team work (29.9%), capacity for self-directed practice and adaption to innovations (24.1%), skills to cope with critical situations (14.1%). The first motivating factors for LLL are professional development (44.3%) and better payment (37.4%). The most common demotivating factors: financial reasons (37.9), health problems (21.3), absence from home (13.8%), employer permission (13.8%). All the results have p=.000 for one sample x2 test.

Conclusions
The graduates understand the crucial role and have realistic expectations of LLL for their professional development. Prevailing motives and demotivating factors correlate to the whole Bulgarian health system problems.

Key messages
The graduates in nursing at the Faculty of Health care in Pleven Medical University highly appreciate the role of LLL for their professional development and prestige. The schools in nursing should continue working to further motivation for LLL as indispensable requirements for contemporary effective and efficient nursing care delivery.
What do health workers think about a population exposed to health inequalities? The Bastogi case
Authors: Salvatori L M , Tofani M , Angelozzi A , Caminada S , Paglione L , Iorio S , Ricotta G , Brandimarte A M , Biliotti D , Marceca M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Previous qualitative researches highlighted that people living in Bastogi - a peripheric area of Rome marked by social deprivation - have difficulties in accessing and relating health services. We explored the healthcare workers’ perception of the relationship with such population.

Methods
A 42 items questionnaire was addressed to the reference Local Health Unit employees, evaluating: context knowledge; perception of the relationship between users and health services and between users and operators; training needs. The association between answers and social characteristics of the respondents has been evaluated through Chi Square Test for categorical variables and T Student Test for continuous variables.

Results
Questionnaire respondents were 73 (50% of the total employees). 77% reported knowing Bastogi. Adverse social determinants mostly identified (&gt;65%) were economic problems, housing conditions and unemployment, while less people pointed out the poor social support network (38%).
50% assumed that Bastogi inhabitants face health inequalities. 26% claimed to have difficulties in the
relationship with users; 81% considered useful a training activity about the relationship with socioeconomic deprived users. 25% believed the responsibility for the main social problems in Bastogi lies in the inhabitants themselves. Such answer was statistically more frequent among: administrative professionals, professionals with longer length of service, those who deny the existence of health inequalities and those who don’t feel the need of training. Further results will be presented during the congress.

Conclusions
Preliminary results of the survey confirm that the relationship between users from a socially deprived area and the competent services is problematic, and underline the need for training of healthcare professionals on the subject. This need is also perceived by the majority of the respondent personnel.

Key messages
We explored the healthcare workers’ perception of the relationship they have with a population exposed to health inequalities. Interventions and trainings will be implemented to contain this problem.
User typology for workplace health offers
Authors: Noehammer E , Stummer H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Workplace Health Promotion/Management (WHP/M) is not mandatory in Europe. However, it is often considered to be a standard for attractive workplaces, but this does not necessarily result in high use. This opens the question if WHP/M is perceived only as quality criterion, or if the offer per se needs to be adapted. In this study, we therefore analyze the user typology for the WHP/M offers in four organizations

Methods
A self-administered quantitative Likert-scaled questionnaire was filled in by the employees (N = 237) regarding use of offers, determinants of use, perceived attendance barriers and effects, interests, and demographic questions. We determined user profiles using cluster analysis and here focus on perceived barriers of use, reporting first results.

Results
We found three clusters that mainly differ regarding intensity and type of perceived barriers. Cluster 1 experiences barriers to be very high, Cluster 2 reports very low barriers, Cluster 3 feels almost no information related, but intensive offer related barriers. Regarding demographics, there are more men in Cluster 2, women perceived barriers more intensively. Employees belonging to Cluster 1 are younger than those in Cluster 2; Cluster 3 is close to Cluster 1 regarding age. Additionally, Cluster 1 is made up of employees who are better educated, have joined the current employer more recently, have a better position and work less hours than those in the other clusters.

Conclusions
Employees visibly diverge regarding perceived attendance barriers. Current WHP/M offers seem to be better adapted to those with lower position, longer working hours and more experience with the employer - or the employer with them. The potentials of WHP for integrating all employees have not yet been realized. This is critical should the possibility to us WHP/M offers i.e. play a role for newly hired part-timers or high potentials.

Key messages
Companies offering WHP/M need to prioritize reducing offer related barriers and respond to divergent user profiles. Workplace health programs do not yet reach their potentials due to attendance barriers.
Nurses’ experiences with the Implementation of a Manchester Triage System in an Emergency Department
Authors: Raich M , Lorenzoni N , Angerer S , Nöhammer E , Stummer H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Emergency Departments (ED) are very often confronted with a high number of non-acute patients. This circumstance has negative effects on the quality of care because of limited human resources and infrastructure in dealing with overcrowding. In Spring 2017 an Austrian hospital has implemented the Manchester Triage System to improve the management of patient flows. From the date of implementation the nurses were responsible for the preliminary assessment of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the nurses’ experiences and attitudes concerning the implemented Manchester Triage System as well as its impact on their work and quality of patient care.

Methods
A qualitative approach was chosen. In order to get a deep insight interviews with ten nurses were conducted by using an interview guide with open questions. The answers of the interviewed people were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by the qualitative method GABEK (GAnzheitliche BEwältigung von Komplexität).

Results
The triage process has changed the working hours, processes, collaboration, task responsibilities and stress levels. The triage process itself is defined by the nurses as diversified activity with a high degree of responsibility. Experienced, well-trained nurses guarantee an appropriate preliminary assessment of the patient. Teamwork and backing by nurses and physicians are of importance in the case of unclear patient assessments. Finally, more time is available for acute patients in order to provide them an appropriate care.

Conclusions
The Manchester Triage System has changed the nurses’ working conditions and influences positively the management of patient flow and quality of care.

Key messages
The activities of the nurses have changed into diversified tasks with a high degree of responsibility. The implementation of the Manchester Triage System has a positive impact on the patient flow and quality of care.
ASPHER V4 Working Group supports the road map for professionalising the public health workforce
Authors: Petrakova A , Otok R , Prikazsky V , Dlouhy M , Prazanova Z , Stepanek L , Ghazal Asswad A , Fundano N , Khan H , Holm S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The ASPHER V4 Working Group (WG) was established in 2016 and officially launched during the 9th European Public Health Conference in Vienna. One of the key objectives of the WG is to strengthen public health capacity development in V4 countries. The WG supports the implementation of the recently reviewed European Action Plan for Strengthening Public Health Capacities (EAP). The EAP’s review highlighted the need to focus further action on four enabling Essential Public Health Functions (EPHOs) including human resources for public health. This is why the WG is heavily involved in the recent development of a new Road map for professionalising the public health workforce, one of the products of the recently established Coalition of Partners (CoP) that was convened by the WHO Regional Office for Europe in close cooperation with ASPHER and Maastricht University.

Objectives
Supporting the WHO CoP with a focus on development and further implementation of a new Road map for professionalising public health workforce in V4 countries. Using a new rapid assessment tool to evaluate the state of the public health profession in the Czech Republic. Sharing the report on the current state of public health professions in the Czech Republic with the WG and using it as a comparison of the current state in all V4 countries.

Results
Key strengths and weaknesses of the first rapid assessment of the current state of the public health profession in the Czech Republic are presented. Key actions are proposed for the WG: a) Preparation of a grant proposal to the International V4 Fund and b) Continuing active involvement in CoP activities.

Conclusions
The rapid assessment tool for evaluating the state of the public health profession was successfully implemented in the Czech Republic with the close cooperation of academia, researchers, policy makers and practitioners. The summary confirms that further work on the professionalization of the public health workforce is needed.

Key messages
ASPHER V4 WG is strongly involved in the development of a new road map for professionalising the public health workforce, coordinated by the WHO CoP, ASPHER and Maastricht University. Summary of the first rapid assessment of the current state of the public health profession in the Czech Republic confirms the importance of further action in this area of work.