bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Failed external Dacryocystorhinostomy Using endoscopic technique
Authors: Yu Bo , Tu Yunhai , Ji Yuanfei , Xia Yu , Wu Wencan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Backgrounds: The aim of this work is to demonstrate the outcomes of En-DCR which was performed in patients with recurrent epiphora after failed Ex-DCR and analyze the causes of failed Ex-DCR.Methods: From September 2015 and December 2017, 29 cases suffered from recurrent epiphora after failed Ex-DCR were reviewed. Outcome of revisional surgery were evaluated. The causes of failed Ex-DCR were analyzed as well.Results: The rate of success after revisional surgery was 82.76%. The major causes of failure of the external approach were synechiae formation in the nasal ostium(29/29), followed by inadequate removal of the bony wall(21/29), nasal synechiae formation between lateral wall of nose and middle turbinate(14/29), and mistaken in the localization of the lacrimal sac(7/29).Conclusion: Endoscopic approach is a good choice for patients with recurrent epiphoria after previous failed Ex-DCR surgery.
Circulating tumor cells enumerated by a centrifugal microfluidic device as a predictive marker for treatment monitoring of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: kim hyera , Lim Minji , Kim Jin Young , Shin So-Jin , Cho Yoon-Kyoung , Cho Chi Heum 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: We investigated the size-based isolation and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a centrifugal microfluidic device equipped with fluid-assisted separation technology (FAST disc) and demonstrated the correlation among CTC count, CA125, and the clinical course. Methods: We prospectively recruited 13 women with ovarian cancer between December 2016 and August 2018 at Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital. We collected 49 serial blood samples at multiple time-points. CTCs were isolated from whole blood using the FAST disc and were defined as EpCAM+, cytokeratin+, CD45−, and DAPI+. Results: We successfully achieved the high-throughput, efficient, and label-free isolation of CTCs from the blood of ovarian cancer patients using FAST discs. The mean and median CTC count were 20.2 and 6.0, respectively, and 84.62% patients (11/13) had more than 1 CTC at baseline and a decreased CTC count after surgery and chemotherapy, except for 2 patients who had no CTCs at baseline. The median follow-up duration was 22.7 months. At the time of complete response, CTC count in 8 patients was <3. CTC count was correlated with CA125 in 3 patients with no recurrence but elevated in 3 patients with recurrence and normal range of CA125. CTC count and CA125 had high concordance with directional change (increasing 71.4% and decreasing 75.0%). CTC count showed higher association with the clinical status and higher sensitivity (100.0% vs. 60.0%), positive predictive value (55.6% vs. 42.9%), and negative predictive value (100.0% vs. 87.5%) than CA125.Conclusions: CTC count was better associated with treatment response and recurrence than CA125.
Spatial patterns and associated factors’ of Early Marriage among Reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a Secondary Analysis of EDHS 2016
Authors: Tadesse Zemenu Tessema 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Besides, the presence of national law, the country has to set up its own mid-term and long term goals to bring about a significant reduction in child marriages in Ethiopia. To achieve this, determining the spatial pattern of early marriage and factors associated is important for government, other concerned bodies, program implementers and policy developers to end up early childhood marriage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the spatial patterns and associated factors of Early marriage among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods: This study analyzed retrospectively a cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 11,646 women aged 15-49 years after requesting from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 via the link www.measuredhs.com. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distribution for Early marriage. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for Early marriage in Ethiopia multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with early marriage. Finally, variables with a p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: In this analysis, about 62.8% (95%CI: 61.9, 63.74%) of the study participants were married before they reached 18 years. The overall median age at first marriage was 17.1 with IQR 5 years. The high clustering of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella Regions. In spatial Scan statistics 87 clusters (RR = 1.28, P-value < 0.001) significant primary clusters were identified. The associated factors of early marriage were lesser among women’s attending primary (AOR=0.60; 95%CI: 0.51, 0.71), secondary (AOR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.26) and tertiary education (AOR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.07, 0.18). Similarly, women found in Addis Ababa were at a lesser risk of early marriage compared to other regions of the country. Conclusion: Marriage below age 18 was high in Ethiopia. High-risk area of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella and special attention should be given for identified risk areas. Therefore, providing educational opportunities to young girls was important in addition to inhibiting the marriage of girls under 18 years.
Pattern and determinants of antibiotic mal-prescribing among family physicians in the primary health care facilities in Iran
Authors: Karimi Gholamali , Azizi Hosein , Kabir Kourosh , Farrokhi Babak , Delpisheh Ali , Abbaszadeh Effat , Esmaeili Elham Davtalab 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Mal-prescribing of antibiotics is a major and ongoing global public health problem both in developing and developed countries. Family physicians are the most important and dominant health services providers in Iran that pattern describing by them poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the pattern and factors affecting antibiotic prescribing by family physicians in primary health care (PHC).Methods In this descriptive-analytical study, 1068 prescriptions of family physicians in PHC were assessed among Alborz province health facilities. Prescriptions were selected by random sampling. The mal-prescribing was assessed based on 4 criteria including dose per consumption, dose per day, correct duration of therapy and possible interaction with other antibiotics. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the association between antibiotic prescribing and affecting factors.Results The average number of antibiotics was reported 1.27 per prescription and almost 56.8% of them had at least an antibiotic. There was a statistically significant relationship between age, gender, type of insurance booklet, work experience of physicians, seasons of the year and receiving antibiotics (P<0.05). In 59.31% of antibiotic prescriptions at least one of the scientific criteria was not satisfied.Conclusion The number of prescribed antibiotics and the mal-prescribing percentage were high among family physicians. Strong political commitment and altering physicians' training curricula especially promoting a preventive approach and developing a registration system for identifying adverse drug reactions, antibiotic use patterns and mal-prescribing are imperative at the grass-root level.
Challenges to early detection of cervical cancer at primary healthcare level in Resource limited settings; a descriptive study.
Authors: Nkurunziza Charles , Ntasumbumuyange Diomede , Bazzett-Matabele Lisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives To assess the healthcare system related factors that cause delayed cervical cancer diagnosis at the primary healthcare level. Methods This was a descriptive study of healthcare providers in outpatient clinics at 10 health centers in Kigali city and the Eastern province of Rwanda. Care providers completed a survey questionnaire. Results Eighty-seven (87) health care providers participated. Of respondents, 85 (97.7%) were nurses and midwives, 81.6% being nurses. Only 15 (17.2%) reported to have received training on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) cervical cancer screening; and were distributed in 6/10 of the health centers surveyed. However, 75.9% of respondents reported that there was at least one person trained in VIA at their health center. Necessary basic equipment for cervical cancer evaluation was reported to be generally available. Overall, 49 (56.3%) participants were found to have adequate basic knowledge on cervical cancer symptoms and appropriate next step in the case of symptoms. We found no association between respondents’ knowledge of cervical cancer screening and profession or education level, work experience or reported prior training on VIA (p= 0.592, 0.384, 0.174 and 0.404, respectively). Conclusion There is a large gap in number of care providers with enough skills to perform cervical cancer VIA screening at health centers in Rwanda. As health centers are patients’ first point of contact with the healthcare system, there is a need to empower them in human resources and infrastructure if effective cervical cancer screening and prevention program is to be established.
Mapping Evidence Of Patient-centered Care For Persons Living With Hiv: A Protocol For A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Mulqueeny Delarise , Pokiya Manduleli Herald , Naidoo Praba 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global, chronic health challenge that warrants a multidimensional approach to treatment and care. Notwithstanding the strides made in suppressing the virus, evidence illustrates challenges in persons living with HIV (PLHIV) experiences of treatment and care. Such experiences threaten HIV patients’ retention, adherence, mortality, comorbidities and the global community’s efforts to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. A patient-centred approach (PCC) to HIV care and treatment could improve patients’ health care experiences, wellbeing, retention and adherence and strengthen patient-provider relationships, Hence, the aim of this scoping review is to comprehensively map existing evidence of PCC in HIV treatment and care. Additionally, the review will identify and describe gaps that could inform future research and interventional programmes or the need for systematic reviews. Methods and analysis: As HIV PCC is a broad topic, a systematic scoping review, that includes peer-reviewed journal articles and grey literature will be conducted. Online databases: (Google scholar, Scopus, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO via ProQuest, PsycARTICLES via ProQuest, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) via ProQuest, UNAIDS databases will be accessed. Humanitarian databases such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) will also be accessed to identify literature on PCC for PLHIV. Such literature will be published between 2009 and 2019. Two reviewers will independently extract data from relevant search engines, utilising specific inclusion and exclusion standards. Thereafter thematic content analysis will be performed, and a narrative account of the findings will be presented. Discussion: As this is a scoping review, no ethical approval is required. Once the review is completed all summarized data will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, at national and international conferences, clinical settings and to policy makers. This is aimed at improving PLHIV’s experiences in clinical settings, practice and care. Keywords: HIV, patient-centred care, patient experiences, ART programme; ARVS; patients
Integrated analysis of four new sequenced fern Chloroplast Genomes: Genome structure and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Fan Ruifeng , Ma Wei , Liu Shilei , Huang Qingyang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Dryopteris goeringiana (Kunze) Koidz, Arthyrium brevifrons Nakai ex Kitagawa, Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, and Polystichum tripteron (Kunze) Presl are fern species with their chloroplast genomes uncovered, except D. crassirhizoma . In this study, high throughput sequences were performed to get better understand of their chloroplast genomes and comparison analysis with other fern species.Methods: Fresh fern leaves were used for sequencing. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) analysis, high-variety regions comparison, IR border comparison, nucleotide diversity, RNA editing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed.Results: They have different genome structure characteristics in terms of genome and its area size, gene types and location. The quantity and type of SSRs in D. crassirhizoma is very similar to D. goeringiana , with (ATAA)2, (ATCT)1 and (TTTA)1 only present in D. crassirhizoma . SSRs contain more AT bases than GC. There were divergent genes existed in fern species. Ten genes have a Pi value >0.20. C-to-U RNA editing was most common. Phylogenetic analyses showed that species in the same genus clustered together.Conclusion: The genomic structure and genetic resources of D. goeringiana , A. brevifrons , D. crassirhizoma , and P. tripteron contribute to further studies on phylogenetics, population genetics, and conservation biology of ferns.
Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance instrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)
Authors: Cockerton Helen Maria , Li Bo , Stavridou Eleftheria , Johnson Abigail , Karlström Amanda , Armitage Andrew Douglas , Martinez-Crucis Ana , Arjona Lorena Galiano , Harrison Richard Jonathan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundPhosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits.ResultsA “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 45 QTL were associated with plant traits, eight of which were associated with root depth that explained 68 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions.ConclusionsUnderstanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.
Hydraulic investigation of the impact of retrofitting floating treatment wetlands in retention ponds
Authors: Khan Sher , Shoaib Muhammad , Khan Mudasser Muneer , Melville Bruce W. , Shamseldin Asaad Y. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the laboratory experimental investigations undertaken to analyse the influence of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) on the hydraulic performance of a stormwater retention pond. Two experimental series were conducted, each focussed on investigating the influence of placing an FTW in a pond with firstly the inflow entering the retention pond from an inlet positioned 0.25 m offset from the longitudinal axis of the pond, and secondly the inlet positioned at the longitudinal axis of the pond. For both series of experiments, tests were undertaken at 1 l/s and 1.5 l/s, and with and without an artificial FTW installed. This study is the first to investigate the hydraulic impact of FTWs and their root systems on the performance of stormwater retention ponds. The results presented in this study suggest that FTWs are a viable method to minimise hydraulic inefficiencies, thereby increasing retention time and optimising hydraulic performance of stormwater retention ponds. The results highlight the importance of plant root characteristics. The optimal arrangement of root length is LR/DP = 0.5, where LR = root length and DP = pond depth. The results also indicate that the spatial variability of vegetation has a significant impact on the hydraulic performance of the pond.
Application of polymeric ferric sulfate combined with cross-frequency magnetic field in the printing and dyeing wastewater treatment
Authors: Gu Shiguo , Lian Fei , Yan Kejun , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS) was pretreated with a self-made alternating frequency magnetic field for coagulation printing and dyeing (PD) wastewater treatment. The effects of PFS dosage, magnetization intensity, frequency, and time on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity of PD wastewater were investigated. The results indicated that the magnetized PFS significantly improved the removal efficiency in wastewater treatment. When the initial COD, color and turbidity of printing and dyeing wastewater was 464 mg/L, 180 degrees, and 54.8 NTU respectively, the maximum removal rate of COD, color and turbidity was 87.9%, 80.1%, and 95.2% respectively, under the condition of cross frequency magnetic field magnetization PFS. Moreover, the PFS treatment combined with cross-frequency magnetic field could greatly reduce the pollution of iron ions released from iron-based coagulant during wastewater treatment. Characterization of magnetized PFS flocculant by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy suggested that magnetic crystal with larger size can be formed on the surface of PFS particles.
An Insight into the Discovery of Potent Antifilarial Leads Against Lymphatic Filariasis
Authors: Boniface Pone Kamdem , Elizabeth Ferreira Igne 
Published: December 2019

Background and Objectives:
Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by
infection with filarial worms that are transmitted through mosquito bites. Globally, 120 million people
are infected, with nearly 40 million people disfigured and disabled by complications such as severe
swelling of the legs (elephantiasis) or scrotum (hydrocele). Current treatments (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine)
have limited effects on adult parasites and produce side effects; therefore, there is an urgent
to search for new antifilarial agents. Numerous studies on the antifilarial activity of pure molecules
have been reported accross the recent literature. The present study describes the current standings of
potent antifilarial compounds against lymphatic filariasis.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted for naturally occurring and synthetic antifilarial compounds
by referencing textbooks and scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley,
ACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Springer, among others) from their inception until September
2019.

Results:
Numerous compounds have been reported to exhibit antifilarial acitivity in adult and microfilariae
forms of the parasites responsible for lymphatic filariasis. In silico studies of active antifilarial
compounds (ligands) showed molecular interactions over the protein targets (trehalose-6-phosphate
phosphatase, thymidylate synthase, among others) of lymphatic filariasis, and supported the in vitro
results.

Conclusion:
With reference to in vitro antifilarial studies, there is evidence that natural and synthetic
products can serve as basic scaffolds for the development of antifilarial agents. The optimization of
the most potent antifilarial compounds can be further performed, followed by their in vivo studies.
Synthesis and Evaluation of α-Asaronol Esters with LDH and GABAA Receptor Modulation as Anticonvulsant Agents
Authors: Bai Yajun , Li Bin , Xie Jing , Chen Xufei , Cheng Shu , Bai Yujun , Sun Ying , Qin Fanggang , Liang Jing , Ding Yanrui , Zheng Xiaohui 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Our previous studies showed that α-asaronol was a potential antiepileptic
candidate. Here, twelve O-terminus modified ester derivatives of α-asaronol were designed, synthesized
and evaluated their anticonvulsant activity.

Methods:
All synthetic compounds were subjected to three animal models of seizure (MES, scPTZ
and sc3-MP models) combined with neurotoxicity test, as well as the LDH inhibitory test. Furthermore,
GABAA Receptor modulation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of compound 4k were also
performed.

Results:
Five compounds (4a, 4b, 4d, 4e and 4k) showed significant anticonvulsant properties at the
dose of 30-300 mg/kg in MES and scPTZ test, but weak activity in sc3-MP model. Meanwhile, 4a,
4b, 4d and 4k showed good LDH inhibitory activity in vitro. Specifically, 4k was the best compound
in above evaluation, and better than that of α-asaronol and reference compound (stiripentol).
In addition, 4k could increase chloride ion influx by modulating GABAA receptor α1β2γ2 subtype
with EC50 of 48.65 ± 10.31 μM and showed good PK profiles in rats with moderate oral bioavailability
(51.5%).

Conclusion:
These results suggested 4k possesses potential effectiveness in treatment of therapyresistant
seizures and is expected to be developed as a novel molecule for safer and efficient anticonvulsants
having neuroprotective effects as well as low toxicity.