bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in brown adipose tissue-related brain functional networks: an 18F-FDG-PET study
Authors: Shao Xiaoliang , Chen Yuqi , Shao Xiaonan , Wang Suhong , Wang Suwen , Wang Yuetao 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is controlled by central modulating mechanisms, although changes in brain metabolism of BAT-positive subjects with different genders are still unclear. We hypothesized that changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolic activity were associated with BAT activities, and this association differed in different genders.

Methods
Brain glucose metabolism of 26 BAT-positive and 26 BAT-negative healthy subjects was compared using a brain fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scan, and gender differences in BAT-related brain functional networks and effect of sex hormones were assessed by comparing the brain PET images of BAT-positive and BAT-negative subjects of different genders and postmenopausal female subjects.

Results
Compared with controls, BAT-positive male subjects had a significant hypermetabolic area in the right extranuclear and significant hypometabolic areas in the right inferior parietal lobule and right inferior frontal gyrus; while at the same threshold, BAT-positive female subjects had richer hypermetabolic regions, including bilateral limbic lobes, bilateral frontal lobes, right cerebellum, left sublobar, and right parietal lobe. However, BAT-positive postmenopause female subjects only showed significant hypometabolic regions in left lingual gyrus.

Conclusions
BAT-related brain functional networks are different between male and female subjects. Female networks are more significant and more concentrated while male networks are smaller and more dispersed, and these gender differences may be related to sex hormones.
Diagnostic performances of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for detection of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Dae-Hwan , Kim Seong-Jang 
Published: April 2020

Objective
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detection of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
The PubMed and EMBASE database, from the earliest available date of indexing through 30 November 2019, were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for the diagnosis of PTLD.

Results
Across seven results of five studies (1276 patients), the pooled sensitivity for F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT was 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–0.93] without heterogeneity (I2 = 23.3, 95% CI 0.0–85.7, P = 0.25) and a pooled specificity of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86–0.93) without heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0, 95% CI 0.0–100.0, P = 0.82). Likelihood ratio (LR) syntheses gave an overall positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 9.4 (95% CI 6.5–13.7) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) of 0.11 (95% CI 0.08–0.17). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 83 (95% CI 46–149). The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic shows the areas under the curve was 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.97).

Conclusion
The current meta-analysis showed the high sensitivity and specificity of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for the detection of PTLD. At present, the literature regarding the use of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for the detection of PTLD remains limited; thus, further large multicenter studies would be necessary to substantiate the diagnostic accuracy of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for the diagnosis of PTLD.
Optimizing Analgesic Use During Infant Lumbar Puncture in the Emergency Department
Authors: Balay Erin E. , Hendrickson Marissa A. , Harvey Brian , Dewald Jennifer , Johnson Brittany , Louie Jeffrey 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Lumbar puncture (LP) for the collection of cerebrospinal fluid is an important diagnostic tool for the evaluation of febrile or ill-appearing infants. This invasive procedure is painful for patients; inadequate analgesia may have lasting effects. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends analgesia during all LP procedures, and oral sucrose alone does not offer sufficient analgesia. Our objective was to identify analgesic use trends during infant LP in our emergency department and create a system of analgesic administration. We aimed for complete compliance with one method of analgesia and an increase in our use of 2 or more methods to 85% over 12 months.

Methods:
We utilized Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle methodology and retrospective chart review. Five interventions focused on staff communication, collaboration, and education. Inclusion criteria: infants <60 days who underwent LP procedure due to fever >38°C, hypothermia <36.5°C of unknown origin, or ill-appearance.

Results:
One hundred infant LPs analyzed: 52 preintervention and 48 intervention. The use of one analgesic increased from 98% preintervention to 100%. The use of 2 or more analgesics increased from 58% preintervention to 87%. Topical lidocaine use increased from 56% preintervention to 73%. LP success rates were high in both groups, with no statistically significant change in the success rate.

Conclusion:
We created a streamlined process to ensure all infants undergoing lumbar puncture received at least 1 analgesic and increased the proportion of infants treated with 2 or more analgesics. This work could be expanded to improve analgesia during other invasive procedures in the emergency department.
Applied Online Crowdsourcing in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Suchyta Marissa , Azad Amee , Patel Ashraf A. , Khosla Rohit K. , Lorenz H. Peter , Nazerali Rahim S. 
Published: April 2020

Background
Aesthetic outcomes of unilateral cleft lip repairs have important psychosocial implications for patients who are heavily influenced by social perceptions. Online crowdsourcing offers the unique potential to efficiently recruit large numbers of laypeople to assess public perception. The aim of this study was to use the online crowdsourcing platform Mechanical Turk to compare the postoperative outcomes of Fisher, Millard, and Mohler cleft lip repair techniques.

Methods
Two hundred fifty-four participants were recruited through Mechanical Turk to evaluate 29 cropped and deidentified photographs of children, 8 photographs were controls without cleft lips and 21 were children with unilateral cleft lips who had undergone Fisher, Millard, or Mohler repairs (7 in each group). Respondents were asked whether a scar was present, whether they would be personally satisfied with the surgical result and used a Likert scale from 1 to 5 to rate overall appearance, scar severity, and nasal symmetry.

Results
Fewer respondents reported that a scar was present when assessing postoperative photographs of Fisher repairs (70.3 ± 8.6%) compared with Millard (92.0 ± 1.5%) or Mohler (88.8 ± 3.1%) repairs. Average rating of scar severity was also lower for Fisher (1.9) compared with Millard (2.6) or Mohler (2.6) repairs. Average ratings of nose symmetry, general appearance, and satisfaction with operative result were not statistically significantly different between the repair groups.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the potential of online crowdsourcing to assess public perception of plastic surgery outcomes. The Mechanical Turk platform offers a reduction in selection bias, ease of study design, and enhanced efficiency of large-scale participant recruitment. Results indicate that the Fisher repair led to the most favored aesthetic outcomes compared with the Millard and Mohler techniques, particularly with regard to scar severity. Crowdsourcing is a powerful tool to assess layperson perception of plastic surgery outcomes and can be used to better guide surgical decision-making.
Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Chinese Women: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Xie Xiaoqian , Chen Yaxiao , Khan Aisha , Long Tengfei , Li Siying , Xie Meiqing 
Published: April 2020

Objective
Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent among women, with a substantial effect on health-related quality of life. This article aimed to investigate the independent factors for urinary incontinence (UI) and the relative importance of each factor.

Methods
This study was a cross-sectional survey of Chinese women in Guangzhou. Female 20 years and older were invited to participate. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form was used to determine whether respondents are experiencing UI. Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the significant risk factors associated with UI.

Results
A total of 2626 women were invited to participate in the survey. The response rate was 80.5% (2114/2626). The prevalence of UI among the study population was 31.2%. Old age, increased body mass index, childbirth, family history of any female pelvic floor disorders, symptoms of chronic cough or rhinitis, wearing a corset, and often drinking were independent risk factors for UI.

Conclusions
Urinary incontinence is common among Chinese women in Guangzhou. Among the factors that we are concerned with, old age and vaginal delivery are the two with greatest impact. Moreover, wearing a corset and drinking are the 2 lifestyle factors associated with UI.
Predictors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Recurrence After Sacrocolpopexy: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Chang Olivia H. , Davidson Emily R.W. , Thomas Tonya N. , Paraiso Marie Fidela R. , Ferrando Cecile A. 
Published: April 2020

Objective
This study aimed to identify risk factors for prolapse recurrence after sacrocolpopexy.

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review with cross-sectional follow-up survey of 709 patients who underwent sacrocolpopexy of any modality from 2004 to 2014. Cases were defined as those with a composite failure, defined as having subjective bulge symptoms, retreatment, or anatomic prolapse (≥stage 2 prolapse on the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system). Controls were patients without composite failure. The cases and controls were matched by surgeon and by date of surgery in a 1:4 ratio.

Results
We identified 153 cases and matched them to 487 controls. The overall incidence of prolapse recurrence was 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.2%–24.1%). Of the recurrence cases, 34 (22.2%) underwent surgical retreatment; the most common surgical retreatment was a posterior colporrhaphy (n = 16 [47.1%]). On multivariable logistic regression, a preoperative genital hiatus size ≥4 cm (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR], 1.95; 95% CI, 1.18–3.25) and concurrent anterior colporrhaphy (adjOR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.06–4.18) were associated with increased odds of having a composite failure. Patients who had a concurrent posterior colporrhaphy had lower odds of experiencing a failure (adjOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42–0.94).

Conclusions
In this large retrospective chart review of women who underwent sacrocolpopexy with a cross-sectional survey follow-up time frame of nearly 7 years, patients with a preoperative genital hiatus of 4 cm or greater and need for concurrent anterior colporrhaphy at the time of their index surgery had higher odds of prolapse recurrence. Conversely, women who underwent a concurrent posterior colporrhaphy had lower odds of a recurrence.
Epigenetic transgenerational effects on RNAi in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Qüan’an , Ailhas Jérôme , Blevins Todd , Klahre Ulrich , Vazquez Franck , Mette Michael Florian , Meins Frederick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpigenetic states and even certain environmental responses in nematodes, mammals and seed plants can be inherited over successive generations. RNAi in plants is an epigenetic form of RNA degradation that is normally reset early in development. In contrast, competence, i.e., the susceptibility of a transgene for RNAi, is believed to be genetically determined and faithfully transmitted over many generations. Unexpectedly, we found that the same yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) transgene in a monogenic, homozygous line ofArabidopsisexhibited two epigenetic states of RNAi: type I, which is initiated in rosette leaves and is stable in later developmental stages, and, type II, which is initiated after floral induction and is unstable. The incidence of type I plants descended from type I parents decreased over three successive generations of self-fertilized plants. By the third generation, a substantial fraction of plants from type I parents exhibited either the type II phenotype or remained high-YFP expressing throughout sporophytic development, indicating that silencing had been completely lost. Similarly, plants descended from type II parents showed a progressive shift from the type II phenotype and a complete loss of silencing. These results show that the silencing types (or states) of parental plants have significant influence on both silencing determination and silencing types (or states) of their offspring, however, this influence fades through several generations of self; as regardless of the types of the parental lines, competence for RNA silencing tends to loss after generations. Thus, we propose that RNA silencing in plants can be the target of transgenerational effects.While the underlying mechanisms are still unknown, our findings in theArabidopsisRNA silencing system complement the current understanding of heritable RNAi inC. elegans,that this phenomenon is likely a common mechanism in Eukaryote systems.
Investigation on the requirements for YbbN/CnoX displaying thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase and chaperone activities
Authors: de Abreu Meireles Diogo , Yokomizo César Henrique , Netto Luís Eduardo Soares 
Published: April 2020

AbstractYbbN/CnoX are proteins that display a Trx domain linked to a tetratricopeptide (TPR) domain, which are involved in protein-protein interactions and protein folding processes. YbbN fromEscherichia coli(EcYbbN) displays a co-chaperone (holdase) activity that is induced by HOCl (bleach).EcYbbN contains a SQHC motif within the Trx domain and displays no thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity.EcYbbN also presents a second Cys residue at Trx domain (Cys63) 24 residues away from SQHF motif that can form mixed disulfides with substrates. Here, we comparedEcYbbN with two other YbbN proteins: fromXylella fastidiosa(XfYbbN) and fromPseudomonas aeruginosa(PaYbbN). WhileEcYbbN displays two Cys residues along a SQHC[N24]C motif;XfYbbN andPaYbbN present two and three Cys residues in the CAPC[N24]V and CAPC[N24]C motifs, respectively. These three proteins are representatives of evolutionary conserved YbbN subfamilies. In contrast toEcYbbN, bothXfYbbN andPaYbbN: (1) reduced an artificial disulfide (5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) = DTNB); and (2) supported the peroxidase activity of Peroxiredoxin Q fromX. fastidiosa, suggesting thatin vivothese proteins might function similarly to the canonical Trx enzymes. Indeed,XfYbbN was reduced byXfTrx reductase with a high catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km=1.27 × 107M−1.s−1), like the canonicalXfTrx (XfTsnC). Furthermore,EcYbbN (as described before) andXfYbbN, but notPaYbbN displayed HOCl-induced holdase activity. Remarkably,EcYbbN gained disulfide reductase activity while lost the HOCl-activated chaperone function when the SQHC was replaced by CQHC. In contrast, theXfYbbN C40A mutant lost the disulfide reductase activity, while kept its HOCl-induced chaperone function. Finally, we generated aP. aeruginosastrain with theybbNgene deleted, which did not present increased sensitivity to heat shock or to oxidants or to reductants. Altogether, our results suggest that different YbbN/CnoX proteins display distinct properties and activities, depending on the presence of the three conserved Cys residues.Graphical AbstractHighlights- CXXC motif is required for the thiol-disulfide reductase activity of YbbN proteins.-XfYbbN andPaYbbN display thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity- The affinities ofXfTrxR forXfYbbN andXfTsnC (canonical Trx) are comparable-XfYbbN andEcYbbN, but notPaYbbN, display holdase activity induced by hypochlorous acid- EngineeringEcYbbN/CnoX by inserting a Cys residue in the SQHC motif resulted in a gain of function (thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity) and abolished the HOCl-induced holdase activity.
Cardiomyocyte Contractile Impairment in Heart Failure Results from Reduced BAG3-mediated Sarcomeric Protein Turnover
Authors: Martin Thomas G. , Myers Valerie D. , Dubey Praveen , Dubey Shubham , Perez Edith , Moravec Christine S. , Willis Monte S. , Feldman Arthur M. , Kirk Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe association between reduced myofilament force-generating capacity (Fmax) and heart failure (HF) is clear, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show the Fmaxdecrease arises from impaired BAG3-mediated sarcomere turnover. Myofilament BAG3 decreased in human HF and predicted the extent of Fmaxdecrease. This relationship was confirmed using BAG3+/-mice, which had reduced Fmaxand increased myofilament ubiquitination, suggesting impaired protein turnover. We show cardiac BAG3 operates via the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy complex (CASA), conserved from skeletal muscle, and confirm sarcomeric CASA localization is BAG3/proteotoxic stress-dependent. To determine if increasing BAG3 expression in HF would restore sarcomere proteostasis/Fmax, HF mice were treated with AAV9/BAG3. Gene therapy fully restored Fmaxafter four weeks and decreased ubiquitination. Using mass spectrometry, we identified several sarcomere proteins with increased ubiquitination in HF and four that decreased with AAV9/BAG3. Our findings indicate BAG3-mediated sarcomere turnover is required for myofilament functional maintenance.
Isoform-specific regulation of HCN4 channels by a family of endoplasmic reticulum proteins
Authors: Peters Colin H. , Myers Mallory E. , Juchno Julie , Haimbaugh Charlie , Bichraoui Hicham , Du Yanmei , Bankston John R. , Walker Lori A , Proenza Catherine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIon channels in excitable cells function in macromolecular complexes in which auxiliary proteins modulate the biophysical properties of the pore-forming subunits. Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-sensitive HCN4 channels are critical determinants of membrane excitability in cells throughout the body, including thalamocortical neurons and cardiac pacemaker cells. We previously showed that the properties of HCN4 channels differ dramatically in different cell types, possibly due to the endogenous expression of auxiliary proteins. Here, we report the discovery of a family of endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane proteins that interact with and modulate HCN4. Lymphoid-restricted membrane protein (LRMP, Jaw1) and inositol trisphosphate receptor-associated guanylate kinase substrate (IRAG, Mrvi1, Jaw1L) are homologous proteins with small ER luminal domains and large cytoplasmic domains. Despite their homology, LRMP and IRAG have distinct effects on HCN4. LRMP is a loss-of-function modulator that inhibits the canonical depolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of HCN4 activation in response to binding of cAMP. In contrast, IRAG causes a gain of HCN4 function by depolarizing the basal voltage-dependence of activation in the absence of cAMP. The mechanisms of action of LRMP and IRAG are novel; they are independent of trafficking and cAMP binding, and they are specific to the HCN4 isoform. We also found that IRAG is highly expressed in the mouse sinoatrial node where computer modeling predicts that its presence increases HCN4 availability. Our results suggest important roles for LRMP and IRAG in regulation of cellular excitability and as tools for advancing mechanistic understanding of HCN4 channel function.Significance statementThe pore-forming subunits of ion channels are regulated by auxiliary interacting proteins. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-sensitive isoform 4 (HCN4) channels are critical determinants of electrical excitability in many types of cells including neurons and cardiac pacemaker cells. Here we report the discovery of two novel HCN4 regulatory proteins. Despite their homology, the two proteins — lymphoid-restricted membrane protein (LRMP) and inositol trisphosphate receptor-associated guanylate kinase substrate (IRAG) — have opposing effects on HCN4, causing loss- and gain-of-function, respectively. LRMP and IRAG are expected to play critical roles in regulation of physiological processes ranging from wakefulness to heart rate through their modulation of HCN4 channel function.
Fluctuation relations and fitness landscapes of growing cell populations
Authors: Genthon Arthur , Lacoste David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe construct a pathwise formulation of a growing population of cells, based on two different samplings of lineages within the population, namely the forward and backward samplings. We show that a general symmetry relation, called fluctuation relation relates these two samplings, independently of the model used to generate divisions and growth in the cell population. Known models of cell size control are studied with a formalism based on path integrals or on operators. We investigate some consequences of this fluctuation relation, which constrains the distributions of the number of cell divisions and leads to inequalities between the mean number of divisions and the doubling time of the population. We finally study the concept of fitness landscape, which quantifies the correlations between a phenotypic trait of interest and the number of divisions. We obtain explicit results when the trait is the age or the size, for age and size-controlled models.
Integrating XMALab and DeepLabCut for high-throughput XROMM
Authors: Laurence-Chasen JD , Manafzadeh AR , Hatsopoulos NG , Ross CF , Arce-McShane FI 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTMarker tracking is a major bottleneck in studies involving X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM). Here, we tested whether DeepLabCut, a new deep learning package built for markerless tracking, could be applied to videoradiographic data to improve data processing throughput. Our novel workflow integrates XMALab, the existing XROMM marker tracking software, and DeepLabCut while retaining each program’s utility. XMALab is used for generating training datasets, error correction, and 3D reconstruction, whereas the majority of marker tracking is transferred to DeepLabCut for automatic batch processing. In the two case studies that involved anin vivobehavior, our workflow achieved a 6 to 13-fold increase in data throughput. In the third case study, which involved an acyclic,post mortemmanipulation, DeepLabCut struggled to generalize to the range of novel poses and did not surpass the throughput of XMALab alone. Deployed in the proper context, this new workflow facilitates large scale XROMM studies that were previously precluded by software constraints.