bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating mentor commitment in youth mentoring relationships: The role of perceived program practices
Authors: Drew Alison L. , Keller Thomas E. , Spencer Renée , Herrera Carla 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHighly committed mentors may be less likely to end their mentoring relationships with their mentees. Theory suggests commitment is predicted by relationship satisfaction, investment, and perceptions of available alternatives. Mentoring program practices may influence commitment, but little research has investigated potential mechanisms. Using data from 537 mentors representing 55 mentoring programs, this study examined a theoretical path model in which mentor perceptions of program practices, specifically setting expectations, prematch mentor training, and matching based on mentor preferences, predict mentor satisfaction, investment, perceptions of available alternatives, and ultimately, relationship commitment. As expected, commitment was associated positively with satisfaction and investment and negatively with available alternatives. Perceptions of the program setting clear expectations, the amount of prematch training, and matching by preferences predicted mentor commitment. These associations were mediated by relationship satisfaction, investment, and available alternatives, respectively. These findings identify program practices that can support mentor commitment.
A Phase 2, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial to Investigate Potential Drug‐Drug Interactions Between Cannabidiol and Clobazam
Authors: VanLandingham Kevan E. , Crockett Julie , Taylor Lesley , Morrison Gilmour 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigated the effects of cannabidiol (CBD; 21‐day maintenance dose) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of clobazam (CLB) and monitored the safety of CBD (or placebo) plus CLB in 20 patients with uncontrolled epilepsy on stable doses of CLB. Blood samples collected until 24 hours postdose were evaluated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. PK parameters of CLB and major metabolite N‐desmethylclobazam (N‐CLB), valproic acid, stiripentol, levetiracetam, topiramate, plant‐derived highly purified CBD (Epidiolex in the United States; 100 mg/mL oral solution) and its major metabolites were derived using noncompartmental analysis. There was no evidence of a drug‐drug interaction (DDI) between CBD and CLB: geometric mean ratio (GMR) of day 33:day 1 CLB was 1.0 (90%CI, 0.8‐1.2) for Cmax and 1.1 (90%CI, 0.9‐1.2) for AUCtau. There was a significant DDI between CBD and N‐CLB: the GMR of day 33:day 1 N‐CLB was 2.2 (90%CI, 1.4‐3.5) for Cmax and 2.6 (90%CI, 2.0‐3.6) for AUCtau. Placebo had no effect on CLB or N‐CLB; CBD had no effect on levetiracetam. Data were insufficient regarding DDIs with other antiepileptic drugs. The safety profile of CBD (20 mg/kg/day) with CLB was acceptable; all but 1 adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate. One serious AE (seizure cluster) led to CBD discontinuation. One patient withdrew after intolerable AEs. Although there was no evidence of a CBD and CLB DDI, there was a significant DDI between CBD and N‐CLB. The safety profile of GW Pharmaceuticals’ CBD formulation with CLB was consistent with other GW‐sponsored trials.
How engineering students use domain knowledge when problem‐solving using different visual representations
Authors: Johnson‐Glauch Nicole , Choi Dong San , Herman Geoffrey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEngineering students commonly learn domain knowledge by engaging with visual representations of it. However, at times they have trouble accessing information from these representations due to the way information is encoded in features of the representation.PurposeTo describe how students engage with representation features, we explored two research questions: (a) what is the interplay between how concepts are encoded within representations, students' use of those concepts, and how students translate between representations during their problem‐solving and (b) how is the interplay described in Research Question 1 similar and different across students in statics versus those in digital logic?Design/MethodWe synthesized findings from two of our prior research studies using the constant comparative method. We described the effect of representations on students' ability to access and use domain knowledge during problem‐solving within and across engineering disciplines.ResultsWe identified three themes that describe how visual representations affect students’ reasoning. First, students conflated concepts that were represented using similar features. Second, students consistently failed to use concepts that were not represented with visually salient features. Third, statics students coordinated multiple representations when translating between representations during problem‐solving more often than the digital logic students.ConclusionsThese themes provide possible domain‐general pathways for redesigning the notation and representations that we use to teach engineering concepts and suggest future avenues of research to further explore the generality of these findings.
Opportunities and challenges in the management of celiac disease in Asia
Authors: Agarwal Ashish , Chauhan Ashish , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough once considered uncommon, there is increasing recognition of celiac disease (CeD) in Asia. It is now clear that CeD is a disorder as frequent in certain Asian countries as that in western countries, although it often remains undiagnosed. With increasing awareness and diagnosis, the absolute numbers of celiac patients are expected to increase markedly in Asia. Asia, with 60% of the population of the world, is probably the major “reservoir” of undiagnosed CeD in the world. As Asia has a huge landscape along with highly heterogenous genetic, social, cultural, and nutritional practices, similar heterogeneity is seen in the epidemiology, diagnostic, and therapeutic facilities for CeD in Asia. In this article, we have reviewed the changes in the epidemiology, diagnostics, and management of CeD in Asia and summarized the challenges and opportunities for its emergence in Asia.
Does adjuvant treatment improve prognosis after curative resection of ampulla of Vater carcinoma? A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kim Hyung Sun , Jang Jin‐Young , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Park Sang‐Jae , Kwon Wooil , Kim Sun‐Whe , Han Ho Seong , Han Sung‐Sik , Park Joon Seong , Yoon Dong Sup 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeAmpulla of Vater (AoV) carcinoma is a rare tumor that accounts for approximately 0.2% of gastrointestinal malignancies. There are no clinical guidelines concerning the treatment of AoV carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of adjuvant treatment in AoV carcinoma following curative resection and define the “high‐risk” group.MethodsClinical data of patients who underwent curative resection for AoV carcinoma in four hospitals, namely Yonsei Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, and National Cancer Center (n = 651; 2002–2015), were reviewed. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were compared using Kaplan–Meier estimates.ResultsData of 651 patients who had undergone curative resection were retrospectively reviewed. Age, T stage, N stage, and differentiation type remained strong and independent risk factors for RFS and OS. In early‐stage AoV carcinoma (T1N0, T2N0), the non‐adjuvant group had better prognosis based on the RFS and OS than the adjuvant group (P < .001, P = .007). In advanced T stage (T3N0, T4N0), the adjuvant group had better prognosis than the non‐adjuvant group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). In node‐positive patients (any T, N1/2), adjuvant treatment did not affect RFS and OS (P > .05).ConclusionsAdjuvant treatment after curative resection of AoV carcinoma is not associated with improved survival. The high‐risk group (node‐positive or advanced T stage (T3, T4)) treated with adjuvant treatment was not statistically associated with improved survival; however, our study showed that the adjuvant treatment for the high‐risk group might help achieve better patient outcome.
Structural elucidation of V‐type nerve agents by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Shamai Yamin Tamar , Prihed Hagit , Madmon Moran , Blanca Merav , Weissberg Avi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractV‐nerve agents present information‐poor spectra, both in GC‐EI‐MS and LC‐ESI‐MS/MS, with dominant fragments/product ions corresponding to the amine‐containing residue. Hence, derivatives/isomers with the same amine residue exhibit similar mass spectral patterns, leading to ambiguity in the phosphonate structure. We present a simple approach for their structural elucidation based on two complementary experiments: ESI‐MS/MS of the original compound, which provides information about the amine moiety, and ESI‐MS/MS of the phosphonic acid hydrolysis products generated by N‐iodosuccinimide, which provides ions' characteristic of the phosphonate structure. This approach enables the structural elucidation of the original V‐agents with a higher degree of certainty.
Genetic variants in IL4RA, IL6, and IL12B genes and susceptibility to hepatitis B and C virus infections among Iraqi patients
Authors: Al‐Saffar Osama B. , Ad'hiah Ali H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are common causative pathogens of viral hepatitis. Progression of both infections is determined by virus‐ and host‐related factors. Cytokines are important host genetic factors that may have a predisposing role in HBV and HCV infections. This case‐control study evaluated the genetic association of IL4RA+1902 (rs1801275), IL6−174 (rs1800795), IL6−597 (rs1800797), and IL12B−1188 (rs3212227) variants with chronic HBV and HCV infections among Iraqi patients. A total of 220 viral hepatitis patients were enrolled in the study (113 HBV and 107 HCV), together with 141 healthy subjects. Sequence‐specific primer polymerase chain reaction assay was the genotyping method. Results revealed that under a dominant genetic model, IL6−174 variant was significantly associated with HBV infection, whereas no association with the HCV risk was reported. However, the risk for both infections was markedly associated with IL6−597 variant under recessive, dominant, and codominant genetic models. Estimation of IL6−174‐IL6−597 haplotypes depicted that G‐A haplotype was significantly associated with an increased risk to develop HBV infection, whereas a significantly decreased risk was associated with G‐G and C‐G haplotypes. For HCV, G‐G and C‐A haplotypes were significantly associated with risk of HCV infection. IL4RA+1902 and IL12B−1188 variants showed no association with HBV or HCV risk. Analysis of variance revealed no significant association between genotypes of the four determined single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and HBV or HCV viral load. In conclusion, the study supports the concept that IL6−597 variant is associated with susceptibility to HBV and HCV infections among Iraqis. The risk of HBV infection is further associated with IL6−174 variant.
Prognostic impact of tumor location in resected gallbladder cancer: A national cohort analysis
Authors: Lafaro Kelly , Blakely Andrew M. , Melstrom Laleh G. , Warner Susanne G. , Lee Byrne , Singh Gagandeep , Fong Yuman , Raoof Mustafa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTumor location (peritoneal vs hepatic) has been incorporated in the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging system for gallbladder cancer. However, larger studies are needed to confirm the prognostic impact of tumor location.MethodsPatients with pathologically‐confirmed gallbladder cancer with information on primary tumor location were included from the National Cancer Database (2009‐2012). We compared patients with hepatic‐side tumors to those on the peritoneal side. Survival data were plotted using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Prognostic factors were modeled with a multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards Model. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 1251 patients were included. In comparison to patients with peritoneal‐sided tumors, patients with hepatic‐sided tumors were more likely to: be of higher pT stage (pT3: 49% vs 24%; P < .001); node positive (31% vs 24%; P = .016); undergo liver resection (53% vs 25%; P < .001); or have positive margins (29% vs 16%; P < .001). However, on multivariate analysis, there was no difference in OS between the groups (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.79‐1.18; P = .753). Liver resection was associated with improved survival regardless of tumor location in pT2 tumors (peritoneal: HR, 0.57; P = .034; hepatic: HR, 0.67; P < .001).ConclusionsThis study failed to demonstrate the independent prognostic value of primary tumor location in patients with gallbladder cancer.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Outcomes in Tracheostomy Placement Among Preterm Infants
Authors: Wood William , Wang Cynthia S. , Mitchell Ron B. , Shah Gopi B. , Johnson Romaine F. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo study a case series of preterm and extremely preterm infants, comparing their decannulation and survival rates after tracheostomy.MethodsWe performed a single‐institution longitudinal study of preterm infants with a tracheostomy. Infants were categorized as premature (born > 28 weeks and < 37 weeks) and extremely premature (born ≤ 28 weeks). Decannulation and survival rates were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. Neurocognitive quality of life (QOL) was reported as normal, mild/moderately, and severely impaired. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.ResultsThis study included 240 patients. Of those, 111 were premature and 129 were extremely preterm. The median age (interquartile range) at tracheostomy was 4.8 months (0.4). Premature infants were more likely than extremely preterm to have airway obstruction (54% vs. 32%, P < .001); whereas extremely preterm infants were more likely to have bronchopulmonary dysplasia (68% vs. 15%, P < .001) and to be ventilation‐dependent (68% vs. 54%, P < .001). The 5‐year decannulation rate for premature infants was 46% and for extremely preterm was 64%. The 5‐year survival rate post‐tracheostomy for preterm was 79% and for extremely preterm was 73%. The log‐rank test of equality showed that decannulation and survival were similar (P > .05) for both groups, even after controlling for potentially confounding factors like race, age, gender, birth weight, and age at tracheostomy. For neurocognitive QOL, 47% of patients survived with severely impaired QOL after tracheostomy. Preterm had 56% with severely impaired QOL and extremely preterm had 40% with severely impaired QOL (P = .03).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the time to decannulation and the likelihood of survival did not vary among premature and extremely premature infants even when controlling for other confounding variables.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 131:417–422, 2021
Antibiotic eluting sinus stents
Authors: Thompson Harrison M. , Lim Dong‐Jin , Banks Catherine , Grayson Jessica W. , Ayinala Samrath , Cho Do‐Yeon , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial disease affecting up to 16% of the United States population and disproportionately affecting the cystic fibrosis (CF) patient population. Despite treating the underlying infection, the use of systemic antibiotics has shown little efficacy in alleviation of symptom burden. This review seeks to discuss recent research on novel antibiotic eluting stent therapy in vitro and within animal models as well as the factors that contribute to its efficacy.Data SourcesPubMed literature review.Review MethodsA review of all published literature related to antibiotic eluting sinus stents was conducted to integrate and summarize this innovative approach to chronic sinus infections.ResultsPlacement of the ciprofloxacin sinus stent (CSS) and ciprofloxacin‐ivacaftor sinus stent (CISS) exhibited improvement in endoscopic and radiographic findings in rabbit CRS models. While the CSS showed an overall trend toward improvement in microscopic findings and a reduction in biofilm mass, there remained a significant quantity of planktonic bacteria due to antibiotic depletion from an initial burst release in the first 48 hours of stent placement. The CISS and ciprofloxacin‐azithromycin sinus stents (CASSs) exhibited controlled antibiotic release over the study period leading to greatly reduced planktonic bacterial load and biofilm mass. In vitro studies indicate that CASS may be just as efficacious at reducing biofilm mass.ConclusionAntibiotic eluting sinus stents show significant promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for CRS. The CISS may have particular promise for the CF patient population by addressing both the infectious and genetic components of disease. Animal studies demonstrate significant promise for translation into human studies. Human clinical trials are warranted to determine the efficacy of antibiotic sinus stents in human patients.Level of EvidenceNA
Introducing the Self‐Cleaning FiLtrAtion for Water quaLity SenSors (SC‐FLAWLeSS) system
Authors: Khandelwal Aashish , González‐Pinzón Ricardo , Regier Peter , Nichols Justin , Van Horn David J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSensor‐based, semicontinuous observations of water quality parameters have become critical to understanding how changes in land use, management, and rainfall‐runoff processes impact water quality at diurnal to multidecadal scales. While some commercially available water quality sensors function adequately under a range of turbidity conditions, other instruments, including those used to measure nutrient concentrations, cease to function in high turbidity waters (> 100 nephelometric turbidity units [NTU]) commonly found in large rivers, arid‐land rivers, and coastal areas. This is particularly true during storm events, when increases in turbidity are often concurrent with increases in nutrient transport. Here, we present the development and validation of a system that can affordably provide Self‐Cleaning FiLtrAtion for Water quaLity SenSors (SC‐FLAWLeSS), and enables long‐term, semicontinuous data collection in highly turbid waters. The SC‐FLAWLeSS system features a three‐step filtration process where: (1) a coarse screen at the inlet removes particles with diameter > 397 μm, (2) a settling tank precipitates and then removes particles with diameters between 10 and 397 μm, and (3) a self‐cleaning, low‐cost, hollow fiber membrane technology removes particles ≥ 0.2 μm. We tested the SC‐FLAWLeSS system by measuring nitrate sensor data loss during controlled, serial sediment additions in the laboratory and validated it by monitoring soluble phosphate concentrations in the arid Rio Grande river (New Mexico, U.S.A.), at hourly sampling resolution. Our data demonstrate that the system can resolve turbidity‐related interference issues faced by in situ optical and wet chemistry sensors, even at turbidity levels > 10,000 NTU.
Cultivable microbiota associated with Aurelia aurita and Mnemiopsis leidyi
Authors: Weiland‐Bräuer Nancy , Prasse Daniela , Brauer Annika , Jaspers Cornelia , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Schmitz Ruth A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe associated microbiota of marine invertebrates plays an important role to the host in relation to fitness, health, and homeostasis. Cooperative and competitive interactions between bacteria, due to release of, for example, antibacterial substances and quorum sensing (QS)/quorum quenching (QQ) molecules, ultimately affect the establishment and dynamics of the associated microbial community. Aiming to address interspecies competition of cultivable microbes associated with emerging model species of the basal animal phyla Cnidaria (Aurelia aurita) and Ctenophora (Mnemiopsis leidyi), we performed a classical isolation approach. Overall, 84 bacteria were isolated from A. aurita medusae and polyps, 64 bacteria from M. leidyi, and 83 bacteria from ambient seawater, followed by taxonomically classification by 16S rRNA gene analysis. The results show that A. aurita and M. leidyi harbor a cultivable core microbiome consisting of typical marine ubiquitous bacteria also found in the ambient seawater. However, several bacteria were restricted to one host suggesting host‐specific microbial community patterns. Interbacterial interactions were assessed by (a) a growth inhibition assay and (b) QS interference screening assay. Out of 231 isolates, 4 bacterial isolates inhibited growth of 17 isolates on agar plates. Moreover, 121 of the 231 isolates showed QS‐interfering activities. They interfered with the acyl‐homoserine lactone (AHL)‐based communication, of which 21 showed simultaneous interference with autoinducer 2. Overall, this study provides insights into the cultivable part of the microbiota associated with two environmentally important marine non‐model organisms and into interbacterial interactions, which are most likely considerably involved in shaping a healthy and resilient microbiota.
High Glucosylceramides and Low Anandamide Contribute to Sensory Loss and Pain in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Klatt‐Schreiner Katharina , Valek Lucie , Kang Jun‐Suk , Khlebtovsky Alexander , Trautmann Sandra , Hahnefeld Lisa , Schreiber Yannick , Gurke Robert , Thomas Dominique , Wilken‐Schmitz Annett , Wicker Sabine , Auburger Georg , Geisslinger Gerd , Lötsch Jörn , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Djaldetti Ruth , Tegeder Irmgard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) causes chronic pain in two‐thirds of patients, in part originating from sensory neuropathies. The aim of the present study was to describe the phenotype of PD‐associated sensory neuropathy and to evaluate its associations with lipid allostasis, the latter motivated by recent genetic studies associating mutations of glucocerebrosidase with PD onset and severity. Glucocerebrosidase catalyzes the metabolism of glucosylceramides.MethodsWe used quantitative sensory tests, pain ratings, and questionnaires and analyzed plasma levels of multiple bioactive lipid species using targeted lipidomic analyses. The study comprised 2 sets of patients and healthy controls: the first 128 Israeli PD patients and 224 young German healthy controls for exploration, the second 50/50 German PD patients and matched healthy controls for deeper analyses.ResultsThe data showed a 70% prevalence of PD pain and sensory neuropathies with a predominant phenotype of thermal sensory loss plus mechanical hypersensitivity. Multivariate analyses of lipids revealed major differences between PD patients and healthy controls, mainly originating from glucosylceramides and endocannabinoids. Glucosylceramides were increased, whereas anandamide and lysophosphatidic acid 20:4 were reduced, stronger in patients with ongoing pain and with a linear relationship with pain intensity and sensory losses, particularly for glucosylceramide 18:1 and glucosylceramide 24:1.ConclusionsOur data suggest that PD‐associated sensory neuropathies and PD pain are in part caused by accumulations of glucosylceramides, raising the intriguing possibility of reducing PD pain and sensory loss by glucocerebrosidase substituting or refolding approaches. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.