bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response ofAsplenium nidusto Drought Stress and Identification of Drought Tolerance Genes
Authors: Liang Jingwen , Yu Wengang , Wang Peng , Yu Xudong , Cai Zeping , Xu Shitao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo explore howAsplenium nidusresponds to drought stress, and to mine drought-responsive genes forAsplenium nidus, we conducted a pot experiment in the IOT smart greenhouse. We measured a series of physiological and biochemical indexes for drought-treated plants, and analyzed the expression of drought-responsive genes inAsplenium nidusby RT-qPCR. The results show that theAsplenium nidusis a species with drought tolerance.Asplenium nidusinhibits plant photosynthesis and reduces life activities by limiting stomatal opening to adapt to drought. To resist drought stress, theAsplenium niduschanges the osmotic potential by increasing the proline content to maintain normal metabolic activities and prevents the damage of active oxygen by increasing the enzyme activities of SOD and POD. Based on the analysis of the relative expression levels of genes,AVP1-2andAVP1-4may be drought-resistant genes inAsplenium nidus. This study lays the foundation for in-depth research on drought tolerance mechanisms and drought-resistant gene mining ofAsplenium nidus.
Structure-function analysis of the maize bulliform cell cuticle and its role in dehydration and leaf rolling
Authors: Matschi Susanne , Vasquez Miguel F. , Bourgault Richard , Steinbach Paul , Chamness James , Kaczmar Nicholas , Gore Michael A. , Molina Isabel , Smith Laurie G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cuticle is a hydrophobic layer on the outer surface plant shoots, which serves as an important interaction interface with the environment. It consists of the lipid polymer cutin, embedded with and covered by waxes, and provides protection against stresses including desiccation, UV radiation, and pathogen attack. Bulliform cells form in longitudinal strips on the adaxial leaf surface, and have been implicated in the leaf rolling response observed in drought stressed grass leaves. In this study, we show that bulliform cells of the adult maize leaf epidermis have a specialized cuticle, and we investigate its function along with that of bulliform cells themselves. Analysis of natural variation was used to relate bulliform strip pattering to leaf rolling rate, providing evidence of a role for bulliform cells in leaf rolling. Bulliform cells displayed increased shrinkage compared to other epidermal cell types during dehydration of the leaf, providing a potential mechanism to facilitate leaf rolling. Comparisons of cuticular conductance between adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, and between bulliform-enriched mutants vs. wild type siblings, provided evidence that bulliform cells lose water across the cuticle more rapidly than other epidermal cell types. Bulliform cell cuticles have a distinct ultrastructure, and differences in cutin monomer content and composition, compared to other leaf epidermal cells. We hypothesize that this cell type-specific cuticle is more water permeable than the epidermal pavement cell cuticle, facilitating the function of bulliform cells in stress-induced leaf rolling observed in grasses.One sentence summaryBulliform cells in maize have a specialized cuticle, lose more water than other epidermal cell types as the leaf dehydrates, and facilitate leaf rolling upon dehydration.
Determinants for forming a supramolecular myelin-like proteolipid lattice
Authors: Ruskamo Salla , Krokengen Oda C. , Kowal Julia , Nieminen Tuomo , Lehtimäki Mari , Raasakka Arne , Dandey Venkata P. , Vattulainen Ilpo , Stahlberg Henning , Kursula Petri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMyelin protein P2 is a peripheral membrane protein of the fatty acid binding protein family. It functions in the formation and maintenance of the peripheral nerve myelin sheath, and several P2 mutations causing human Charot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy have been reported. Here, electron cryomicroscopy of myelin-like proteolipid multilayers revealed a three-dimensionally ordered lattice of P2 molecules between stacked lipid bilayers, visualizing its possible assembly at the myelin major dense line. A single layer of P2 is inserted between two bilayers in a tight intermembrane space of ∼3 nm, implying direct interactions between P2 and two membrane surfaces. Further details on lateral protein organization were revealed through X-ray diffraction from bicelles stacked by P2. Surface mutagenesis of P2 coupled to structural and functional experiments revealed a role for both the portal region and the opposite face of P2 in membrane interactions. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of P2 on myelin-like and model membrane surfaces suggested that Arg88 is an important residue for P2-membrane interactions, in addition to the helical lid domain on the opposite face of the molecule. Negatively charged myelin lipid headgroups anchor P2 stably on the bilayer surface. Membrane binding may be accompanied by opening of the P2 β barrel structure and ligand exchange with the apposing lipid bilayer. Our results provide an unprecedented view into an ordered, multilayered biomolecular membrane system induced by the presence of a peripheral membrane protein from human myelin. This is an important step towards deciphering the 3-dimensional assembly of a mature myelin sheath at the molecular level.
Build me up to break me down: Frothed spawn in the sandpaper frog,Lechriodus fletcheri, is formed by female parents and later broken down by their offspring
Authors: Gould John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral genera of anuran amphibians deposit their eggs within mucous secretions that have been aerated by the parents to produce a foam or bubble spawn body. This is a dynamic medium for embryo development given that is gradually breaks down over time, and one that has been hypothesised to serve a variety of purposes including protecting embryos from external stresses. In this study, I provide additional details of bubble spawn production in the sandpaper frog,Lechriodus fletcheri. Field and laboratory observations showed that females aerate spawn while in inguinal amplexus, using flanged fingers to transport air bubbles into the mucous. While the frothed spawn is initially resistant to breakup, it gradually loses bubbles and flattens out into a film. This temporal shift in structure is likely to be adaptive, as the resultant increase in surface area allows embryos to come in direct contact with the open water, which may accommodate their increased oxygen demands or facilitate hatching. I provide evidence that this process is controlled by the residing embryos, given that spawn in their absence does not breakdown, highlighting the ability of offspring to modify their immediate environment even before hatching to ensure conditions remain suitable for their changing needs.
PGC1/PPAR Drive Cardiomyocyte Maturation through Regulation of Yap1 and SF3B2
Authors: Murphy Sean , Miyamoto Matthew , Kervadec Anais , Kannan Suraj , Tampakakis Emmanouil , Kambhampati Sandeep , Lin Brian Leei , Paek Sam , Andersen Peter , Lee Dong-Ik , Zhu Renjun , An Steven S. , Kass David A. , Uosaki Hideki , Colas Alexandre R. , Kwon Chulan 
Published: February 2020

Cardiomyocytes undergo significant levels of structural and functional changes after birth—fundamental processes essential for the heart to produce the volume and contractility to pump blood to the growing body. However, due to the challenges in isolating single postnatal/adult myocytes, how individual newborn cardiomyocytes acquire multiple aspects of mature phenotypes remains poorly understood. Here we implemented large-particle sorting and analyzed single myocytes from neonatal to adult hearts. Early myocytes exhibited a wide-ranging transcriptomic and size heterogeneity, maintained until adulthood with a continuous transcriptomic shift. Gene regulatory network analysis followed by mosaic gene deletion revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 signaling—activated in vivo but inactive in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes—mediates the shift. The signaling regulated key aspects of cardiomyocyte maturation simultaneously through previously unrecognized regulators, including Yap1 and SF3B2. Our study provides a single-cell roadmap of heterogeneous transitions coupled to cellular features and unveils a multifaceted regulator controlling cardiomyocyte maturation.Significance StatementHow the individual single myocytes achieve full maturity remains a ‘black box’, largely due to the challenges with the isolation of single mature myocytes. Understanding this process is particularly important as the immaturity and early developmental arrest of pluripotent stem cell-derived myocytes has emerged a major concern in the field. Here we present the first study of high-quality single-cell transcriptomic analysis of cardiac muscle cells from neonatal to adult hearts. We identify a central transcription factor and its novel targets that control key aspects of myocyte maturation, including cellular hypertrophy, contractility, and mitochondrial activity.
Identifying Informative Gene Modules Across Modalities of Single Cell Genomics
Authors: DeTomaso David , Yosef Nir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo fundamental aims that emerge when analyzing single-cell RNA-seq data are that of identifying which genes vary in an informative manner and determining how these genes organize into modules. Here we propose a general approach to these problems that operates directly on a given metric of cell-cell similarity, allowing for its integration with any method (linear or non linear) for identifying the primary axes of transcriptional variation between cells. Additionally, we show that when using multimodal data, our procedure can be used to identify genes whose expression reflects alternative notions of similarity between cells, such as physical proximity in a tissue or clonal relatedness in a cell lineage tree. In this manner, we demonstrate that while our method, calledHotspot, is capable of identifying genes that reflect nuanced transcriptional variability between T helper cells, it can also identify spatially-dependent patterns of gene expression in the cerebellum as well as developmentally-heritable expression signatures during embryogenesis.
Spectral finite element method for wave propagation analysis in smart composite beams containing delamination
Authors: Nanda Namita 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to present a frequency domain spectral finite element model (SFEM) based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) for wave propagation analysis of smart laminated composite beams with embedded delamination. For generating and sensing high-frequency elastic waves in composite beams, piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are used because they can act as both actuators and sensors. The present model is used to investigate the effects of parametric variation of delamination configuration on the propagation of fundamental anti-symmetric wave mode in piezoelectric composite beams.Design/methodology/approachThe spectral element is derived from the exact solution of the governing equation of motion in frequency domain, obtained through fast Fourier transformation of the time domain equation. The beam is divided into two sublaminates (delamination region) and two base laminates (integral regions). The delamination region is modeled by assuming constant and continuous cross-sectional rotation at the interfaces between the base laminate and sublaminates. The governing differential equation of motion for delaminated composite beam with piezoelectric lamina is obtained using Hamilton’s principle by introducing an electrical potential function.FindingsA detailed study of the wave response at the sensor shows that the A0 mode can be used for delamination detection in a wide region and is more suitable for detecting small delamination. It is observed that the amplitude and time of arrival of the reflected A0 wave from a delamination are strongly dependent on the size, position of the delamination and the stacking sequence. The degraded material properties because of the loss of stiffness and density in damaged area differently alter the S0 and A0 wave response and the group speed. The present method provides a potential technique for researchers to accurately model delaminations in piezoelectric composite beam structures. The delamination position can be identified if the time of flight of a reflected wave from delamination and the wave propagation speed of A0 (or S0) mode is known.Originality/valueSpectral finite element modeling of delaminated composite beams with piezoelectric layers has not been reported in the literature yet. The spectral element developed is validated by comparing the present results with those available in the literature. The spectral element developed is then used to investigate the wave propagation characteristics and interaction with delamination in the piezoelectric composite beam.
Assessing social media accessibility: the case of the Rock in Rio Lisboa music festival
Authors: Dinis Maria Gorete , Eusébio Celeste , Breda Zélia 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to present a framework to analyse whether information published on social media is accessible for people with disabilities (PwD), namely, visual and hearing disabilities, with an application to a music festival.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used in this exploratory study consists of establishing a recommended framework to assess social media accessibility for PwD, especially for people with visual and hearing disabilities (PwVHD), and analyse, through an observation grid, if the information published on the official pages of the “Rock in Rio Lisboa” music festival on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube is accessible for this target audience.FindingsThe results indicate that, although the Rock in Rio Lisboa music festival is promoted as a festival for all, posts on social media are not accessible for people with visual and/or hearing disabilities and do not meet most of the defined parameters established in the proposed assessment framework.Originality/valueSocial media accessibility has not been analysed in previous research in the tourism context. This paper aims to fill in the void by establishing criteria and parameters that can serve as a basis for a framework for accessibility assessment in social media for PwVHD.
Understanding the paradigm shift in maritime education
Authors: Simmons Erica , McLean Grace 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes that will impact learners and learning in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and provide recommendations for transforming education to meet the needs of the maritime industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews the definition of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the changes that have occurred in industry as a result. It looks at key Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies and its impacts on the maritime industry. It then presents some strategies for how the maritime education sector can begin to address the paradigm shifts that will be needed to transform education so as to focus on the advantages that can be derived from the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Findings
Rapid technological advances are transforming the process of education around the world and will continue to disrupt not only the education sector but entire industries – education being only one of them. The maritime sector has some specific technologies that will drive digital transformation of business models. Maritime educational institutions around the world will need to be prepared to respond rapidly to this paradigm change and provide the skilled labour the industry will require to remain competitive.

Research limitations/implications
While the technologies that are impacting the Fourth Industrial Revolution have clearly been identified, the education sector still needs practical applications and integration into curriculum and learning to truly embrace the opportunities for the development of workforce competencies in this new age.

Practical implications
The maritime education sector must now start implementing strategies to expose students to new Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, blockchain and automation technology and how they are changing the future of work. A new shift in the conscious application of these game-changing technologies will be required, and examples of integration are discussed as a starting point for building a long-term plan.

Social implications
The development of the human capital needed in the Fourth Industrial Revolution must begin now, and it presents challenges to those in the maritime education sector. It, therefore, requires that a digital transformation strategy is in place to deliver the specialized skills and new knowledge workers will need in the future.

Originality/value
This paper discusses the disruption that the Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies will bring to maritime education. One of the findings demonstrates that it clear that it is no longer competitive to ignore the disruption that is happening, and action is needed now.
The integration of automation and artificial intelligence into the logistics sector
Authors: Foster Marshalee N. , Rhoden Stephen L.N.H. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation are technologies that make a global impact by optimizing manual and time-intensive processes using data analytics and robotics, thus making the task more efficient, effective and less time-consuming. This is represented in the cyber-physical context, in which humans and technologies are allowed to coexist and learn from each other.

Design/methodology/approach
The logistics and supply chain sector consists of numerous partners and stakeholders, and despite the limited inclusion of automation and AI within the sector, there are still many manual and repetitive tasks.

Findings
Stakeholders in the logistics and supply chain sector are creating awareness and slowly implementing AI and automation within their operations. The majority of shipping and logistics is done through the maritime sector, and this is expected to increase in line with the world’s population.

Research limitations/implications
Research was limited to Jamaica and a few other countries in the Caribbean. Broadening the scope to include other regional shipping and logistics industry stakeholders would be helpful.

Practical implications
The removal of sometimes mundane and even more complex manual processes in the logistics supply chain will give rise to more efficiencies and possibly increased revenue.

Social implications
Creating awareness in the Caribbean of international trends is a challenge. Empowering people to use automation and AI for the mitigation and adaptation of climate change and other disasters is yet to be fully realized. However, those who took part in the study did show a significant inclination toward the use of automation and AI in their every-day lives.

Originality/value
The purpose of this paper is to examine statistical data on the understanding of automation and AI within education, the port authority and major operators in the shipping and logistics sector throughout the Caribbean.
Prospective trial for the clinical efficacy of anogenital skin care with miconazole nitrate‐containing soap for diaper candidiasis
Authors: Takahashi Hidenori , Oyama Noritaka , Amamoto Masaya , Torii Tomoko , Matsuo Tomoko , Hasegawa Minoru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnogenital skin care for the elderly remains an umbrella term concerning protective and non‐interventional regimens, particularly for ordinary diaper users. Our recent investigation has demonstrated the preventive effect of daily anogenital washing with miconazole nitrate‐containing soap to the development of diaper candidiasis. We extended this work to cover our hypothesis as to whether the miconazole soap has a therapeutic benefit in genital candidiasis. The study outline includes: (i) the enrollment of 21 bedridden inpatients (84 ± 9 years; eight men and 13 women) who were diagnosed clinically and mycologically with genital candidiasis, and who had never received topical and/or systemic antifungal agents; (ii) administration of anogenital washing with 0.75% miconazole‐containing soap once daily for 4 weeks; and (iii) assessment of clinical symptoms and detection of Candida materials by culture and microscopic examination. As assessed by clinical symptom scoring for incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD), the ratio of patients with severe to moderate symptoms dramatically decreased by 2 weeks and 10 of 21 patients became symptom‐free at 4 weeks. The IAD clinical severity score was significantly decreased at 4 weeks. Compared with the baseline positivity, both microscopic and cultured Candida‐positive rates were significantly decreased at 4 weeks after washing. All culture‐detected fungi were Candida albicans. Severe adverse events did not occur in all participants. Individual medical and risk factors had no significant correlation with clinical severity and duration of candidiasis on variance analysis. In conclusion, topical washing with miconazole soap is a safe and reliable non‐medical approach for soothing diaper‐associated genital candidiasis in bedridden inpatients in whom it is difficult to perform prompt medical examination.
Tumor volume and sphericity as predictors of local control after stereotactic radiosurgery for limited number (1‐4) brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Ko Peter Hansoo , Kim Hun Jung , Lee Jeong Shim , Kim Woo Chul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThis study aims to evaluate the usage of brain metastases (BM) tumor volume and sphericity as prognostic factors in local control (LC) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for limited number (1‐4) BM from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 80 patients, with 141 BM, who were treated with SRS from 2012 to 2017. Local failure was defined as an increase in lesion size after SRS. LC and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe median clinical and radiographic follow‐up was 11.2 and 9.0 months, respectively. The median BM tumor volume was 0.31 cm3 (0.01‐21.64 cm3) and the median tumor sphericity was 0.76 (0.39‐0.95). The median LC of the entire cohort was 28.8 months. LC rate at last follow‐up was achieved in 84.4% of patients (35.5% CR, 35.5% PR, and 13.5% SD). LC was 83.8% at 1 year and 56.3% at 2 years. On multivariate analysis, only sphericity (P < .001) and volume (P = .004) were found to be a strong predictor for LC. The median OS of the entire cohort was 24.1 months. On multivariate analysis, only GPA score was found to be a predictor for OS.ConclusionBM tumor sphericity and volume were found to be strong predictors for LC. Tumor sphericity and volume should be taken into consideration when treating patients with BM and when designing future prospective studies and developing prognostic indices.