bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the mechanical and physical properties of bio-composite material based on wheat starch and wheat straw fibers
Authors: Abbass O A , Salih A I , Al Hurmuzy O M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Natural fiber reinforced bio-composites are taking a big role in various sections around the world such as industry, construction, and health section. In this study, a bio-composite material based on wheat starch matrix and natural wheat fibers is prepared. Five different specimens with following fiber contents 50,54.5,58.3,61.5, and 64.2% by weight are added to wheat starch matrix. Mechanical and physical tests are performed for different fiber weight contents. Charpy impact test results showed that impact energy is decreasing with increase in fiber content. Three-point deflection test data show that as higher fiber content as higher flexural stress is obtained. Shore D hardness test results show that the hardness values increase as fiber content increase. Water uptake test results showed that water absorption also decreases by increasing fiber content. An optical investigation is performed to calculate the average length and width of chopped fibers used as reinforcement. The average length and width of fibers were found to be 5.73mm and the average width is 0.38mm.
Analysing the efficient use of solar energy in an automatic vertical rotary car parking system
Authors: Khudhur Dhamyaa Saad , Sa’ad-Aldeen Afreen E. , MatterNasser Layla 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The objectives of the experimental investigation, to survey existing parking system and select suitable lift mechanism when design components of lift. In the present research, the main concern is to study the efficient use of solar energy in vertical rotary car parking system and choose the optimal car parking with minimal available area. Present design depends on chain and sprocket mechanism for leading the parking prototype and motor for powering the system working with solar photovoltaic (PV). In this work, the prototype is tested and done analysing to promote the parking land at tricky places and convoluted trade places. The possibility of implementing the project inside Iraq is possible, relying on young Iraqi cadres. The model was programmed on a miniature rotary vertical position. The cost of implementing this project in Iraq is the most appropriate cost compared to neighbouring countries. This is in order to ensure the success of the project as a modern style of new technology to serve the citizens and add a civilized touch to the cities.
Prediction of outlet water temperature from cooling towers
Authors: Mashaf Adel K , Alaskraree Ekram H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a very accurate method for water temperature prediction of outlet water from counter flow of cooling tower. This method was derived from the method of [hc A/Cpm] which is called NTU (Number of Transfer Units). The effect of the water and air mass flow rate, wet bulb temperature of the inlet air, outlet water temperature, tower range, and temperature approach have been studied. The results of comparison between the presented and the NTU methods show a very good match when the outlet water temperature is between 29 and 45°C and a difference reaches to 7.23% between 26 and 28°C. Another very good match has been noticed when the air mass flow rate is between 15.6 and 16.5 kg/s with difference reaches to 2.5 % when the air mass flow rate is between 10 and 15 kg/s. The last very good match has been noticed when the water mass flow rate is between 17.5 and 19 kg/s with the difference reaches to 1.2% when the water mass flow rate is (10 - 17 kg/s).
Thermal Modelling of Hydraulic System using an Expert Program
Authors: Ghadhban Safaa A. , Maid Isbeyeh W. , Atiyah Intesar k. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this work to estimate oil temperature of hydraulic circuit that leads to affect the efficiency of the system. An expert system is built depending on the available knowledge. This model is generated in a computer program named “Thermal Analysis of Hydraulic System (TAHS)”. The program is used to calculate partial power losses at different components of hydraulic system (pump, motor, valves, cylinder, pipe and fittings). The expert system is capable to estimate oil temperature and power loss with different types of (pumps, oils, circuits and actuator dimension). The chosen experimental conditions are oil flow rate, setting pressure, ambient temperature and duty time. The model is validated experimentally and with other works. The results show an acceptable agreement with average deviation about 2.6% & 6.4% respectively.
Welding of ferritic stainless steel plate using austenitic stainless steel electrode
Authors: Hussein Adhraa , Al-Joubori Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, microstructure and phase transformation of ferritic stainless steel plate 405 using austenitic stainless steel 309-16L electrode was explained. Shielded Metal Arc Welding SMAW was used. Optical microscopy OM and scanning electron microscopy SEM were conducted to evaluate the morphology and structure of weld metal and heat-affected zone. X-ray diffraction also used to determine the crystal structure that developed during welding of bcc crystal structure and fcc crystal structure. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS was used to evaluate the chemistry of the element. Microhardness was conducted in this research to determine the effect of alloying element on the mechanical properties of the joint.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Low-Power Transfer for Medical Implant Devices
Authors: Hussain Mustafa Adil , Gharghan Sadik Kamel , Hamood Haider Qasim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) in medical implanted devices (MIDs) has received significant interest from both academic and the medical industry. These systems have suffered from battery-life that must be charged or replaced. Also, some implant devices are large, leading them to be uncomfortable. In addition, the device may interact with internal tissues, which may lead to reactions that affect the patient. This paper aims to produce a small MID operated by WPT to transmit vital signs (i.e., temperature) to an external station to ensure that the device does not affect the patient’s body. The proposed system used a flat spiral coil as a transmitter and a multi-layer copper wire coil as the receiver coil. The transmitter circuit was implanted inside a rabbit’s body. The temperature of the rabbit was sent using the nRF24L01 transceiver to the external monitoring station. The system reached an efficiency and power of 23.37% and 1.98 W respectively on 50 Ω load resistors. The proposed system was acceptable due to the small size of the coil, which provides a sufficient reception at a distance of 3 cm, exceeding the required power to operate the MID (i.e., 73 mW) and send data correctly.
Implementation of wireless sensor network for medical applications
Authors: Hassaballah Hayder J , Fayadh Rashid A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There is an important requirement for additional cost-effective solutions for the supervision/monitoring of a patient’s tests during and after surgery or old patient as whenever the patient is at home or in the hospital. Advanced sensors combined with wireless communication can provide reduced expenses, improved observance, and higher life quality for the patient. In this paper, the Prototype will be developed for initial control of the basic vital functions of the patient’s body, whether patients of old age or even patients who are in hospital. This prototype is designed in a way to be effective and suitable for mobility because it is lightweight and can be carried by humans’ arm. Wireless communication using technology for 433 MHz through the product of HC-12 has many advantages including the distance up to 1000 meters as a wireless transmission range and several channels of 433.4 - 473 MHz, up to 100 communication channels. This prototype is developed, designed and tested with the primary version of a biomedical detector network for the long run wireless hospital and home care. The sensor network comprised of four completely different sensors and was tested in exceedingly hospital surroundings.
Auto Analysis of Defibrillation Process Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Emad Mayss , Ajel Ahmed R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest is a situation in which the heart stop pumping the blood. Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are the major causes that lead to cardiac arrest. To treat sudden cardiac, a defibrillator device is used to return the heart to its normal sinus rhythm. There are several types of defibrillator, such as the manual type, which has many disadvantages since it requires the physician‘s instruction to determine the patient state and the amount of joule required; therefore, it is preferable to use auto defibrillator. In this paper propose to design a flyback converter which is the basic part of the defibrillator with a controller in feedback which can make a comparison between normal and abnormal ECG signals and give appropriate decision to defibrillator, simultaneously, the source of ECG signals will be taken from Physio bank database, then processed in Matlab for removing different types of noise and get a peak of signal, heart rate, in order to determine the patient state and required level of the shock. This design has accuracy 95 % with an error detection rate 5%.
Design and Implementation of Smart E-Health System Based on Cloud Computing to Monitor the Vital Signs in Real-Time and Measurements Validation
Authors: Ali Abbas Abd , Hussein Ali Adnan , Al-Askery Ali J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Wearable devices used to monitor patients are classified as part of mobile health, one of the branches of e-health. They are widely used to monitor the vital signs of patients outside of the health institutions environment. The aim of this paper is to design a device that can be worn at low cost and of small size to provide comfort to the patient. The accuracy of this device should be high compared to the benchmark. Also, this study takes into account real-time remote monitoring based on the wireless sensor network and cloud computing where cloud computing is integrated with the Internet of Things to solve the problem of the flow of the huge amount of data. The Wearable Remote Vital Signs Monitoring System (WRVSMS) was manufactured by a printed circuit board, where the ESP01, MAX30100, NTC, OLED, and Li-ion battery were used. The WRVSMS was connected to the cloud server via the HTTP protocol where the data was stored and analysed. The WRVSMS works on basis the combining data of vital signs through which the stakeholders to whom the alert is sent will be assigned based on the patient‘s case where the alert will be sent, which is short message to the stakeholders that are important in rescuing the patient when the patient‘s vital signs are outside threshold. The results showed that the device is 99.37% accurate and statistical analysis was performed to test the error.
Optimal Fuzzy Logic Control for Temperature Control Based on Social Spider Optimization
Authors: Ghanim Tahani , Ajel Ahmed R. , Humaidi Amjad j. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is useful for many applications like industrial, home, military and medical applications, so one of main application is temperature control of A proposed controller combines the advantages of controller structure and fuzzy inference for air heater temperature control applications. The input variables of the PDFLC-SSO are error and change of error, while its output is the control signal. PDFLC-SSO has seven membership functions. These functions are triangular shaped. Centroid method (CM) is selected for the defuzzification process. The universe of discourse range is used from (-1 to 1) for each input and output. Temperature heater model was utilized to test the controller; the gain factors was tuned using trial and error method and SSO algorithm to reach the optimum response with minimum settling time, minimum peak overshoot and minimum Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE). Carried out simulations showed an average improvement in measurements using ITAE. ITAE is 7.46% for a constant set-value using PDFLC-SSO, while it is 9.55 for a constant set-value using PDFLC.
A Survey on Detection and Prediction Methods for Sleep Apnea
Authors: Chyad Mustafa Habeeb , Gharghan Sadik Kamel , Hamood Haider Qasim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sleep disorders are common health issues that can affect the multiple aspects of life. Sleep apnea (SA) is the most common sleep disorder, and it is described as a reduction or cessation of airflow to the lungs during sleep. This disorder is usually diagnosed and tested using polysomnography (PSG) in a special laboratory. However, this method is costly, inconvenient, time consuming, often causes anxiety for the patient, and the equipment cannot be moved from the lab. There are several methods suggested to address these shortcomings, including testing and analysis at the patient‘s home and the sleep laboratory, by using sensors to detect physiological signals that can be automatically analysed based on specific algorithms. The purpose of this study was to explore the previous works related to SA in such a way that highlights the methods of detection or diagnoses that use different sensors. The researcher aimed to adopt algorithms and make a comparison between those works to explain the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of SA detection and prediction. This review was conducted to provide information for those researchers who want to implement algorithms for detection and predication of sleep apnea event (SAE). Limitations and challenges are also discussed.
Study of the Random Growth Areas of Some Residential Areas in Kut City Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Abrahim Baydaa Ismail , Suliman Salih , Kareem Jebur Kshash Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
With the advent of the housing problem in Kut city, many residents have resorted to set up informal housing scheme to achieve the need for housing. This has a significant urban, environmental and social impact on those residents. This research focuses on the impact of unplanned growth of urban areas on the environmental behavior. The phenomenon of random or informal housing is one of the most negative urban phenomena facing larger cities because of the burden on the processes of economic and social development. In Kut city, there are a lot of scattered areas such as Al-Hakim1, Al-Hakim2, Al-Jawadeen neighborhood, etc. Most of these areas were agricultural, areas for military use and vacant lands then they were encroached upon by the indiscriminate residential encroachment which has a negative impact on them. GIS is used to study the temporal and spatial changes of this phenomenon from 2005 to 2017 and to estimate the percentage of change of each period and the disparity in the areas of random overtaking between other areas.
Evaluate Resistance of Warm Asphalt Mixtures to Rutting
Authors: Asmael Noor M , Fattah Mohammed Y. , Kadhim Abdalmhiman J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
WMA is a new technology, which is based on reduced temperature for mixing, and compaction of asphalt mixture, like any pavement material, testing the compatibility of this technology with domestically obtainable material is essential. The objective of the current research is to assist Iraqi establishments in addressing the issues related to resistance to rutting when adopting this technology. An intensive study on the performance of WMA mixtures with local materials was carried out. Job mix formulas with 12.5 mm and 25 mm aggregate size were chosen for HMA and WMA. One WMA technology was used which is an organic additive; two additives were used Asphaltan A® and Asphaltan B®. All the mixture types are testes and compared with each other. The rutting sensitivity of the mixtures is evaluated using Wheel Track test. From the results, for surface mixtures, rut depth is directly proportional to WMA additive content. For base mixtures, more Asphaltan A® leads to more rut depth, but more Asphaltan B® leads to less rut depth. Permanent deformation results of all mixtures, WMA and HMA mixtures are within the acceptable criteria.
The effect of high commercial buildings on microclimate for hot climate cities
Authors: Hyader Safa Sadeq , Hassan Susan Abed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Last decades cities were rapidly growing and continuously changes, the growth of population was increased and life conditions changes. Urban formation for cities changes accordingly, which includes land uses, the geometry of buildings, the heights and density for the built area changes. There is a research gap in studying the effect of high commercial buildings on microclimate for hot climate cities, which represented the research problem. To solve this problem research studied the effect of high commercial buildings on microclimate for Baghdad city, as an example for hot climate city comparing to original residential buildings land use, by using ENVIMET 4.4.2 software and analyze results. The result showed that high commercial buildings contributed in rising average air temperature as compared to residential buildings especially at night time. Also it decreased relative humidity during the day and night periods. While the wind speed increased its rates and the average mean radiant temperatures at night decreased.
Parameters Affecting Screw Pile Capacity Embedded in Soft Clay Overlaying Dense Sandy Soil
Authors: Abbas Hassan O. , Ali Omar K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The screw piles application is constantly increasing due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. Screw piles are supplying stability against compression, overturning moment, uplift tension, and horizontal loads. This investigation presents a set of model experiments performed on single screw pile embedded in soft clay soil over laying a sandy soil loaded in compression, at a constant strain rate. The sandy layer 20 cm thick was compacted in a test container of 30 cm diameter into four sublayers to attain a relative density of 70%. The 30 cm thick soft clay layer with Cu (undrained shear strength) 30 kPa was compacted in six sublayers on the sandy bottom layer. Three different pile length (30, 35 and 40 cm), single and double helix and pile without helix, (3D and 4D) helix diameter, (3 and 5) cm spacing between helix plate are used in this study. The experiment results showed that, the screw piles settlement for piles embedded in soft clay soil overlaying a sandy soil layer decreases (59-182)% with increasing depth of embedment in the sandy layer L/D from 35 to 40, number and diameter of helix those provide anchorage against settlement. The deeper screw piles with higher L/D ratios showed compressive capacity (24-55) times greater than the shallower piles (screw pile embedded in soft clay). In addition, screw piles demonstrated resistance to the applied compressive forces (9-16) times more than ordinary piles. The compressive force increases with rising number and diameters of helix plates.
Constructive truth and creativity in contemporary Iraqi architecture
Authors: Al-tameemi Osamah Abdulmunem , Abdul-Qader Shaymaa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Truth and purity are an important concept in modern architectural design, as it is considered one of the significant concepts in architectural discourse. In many literatures, the significance of creative meanings can be added by the structure to the general formation through honesty and truth that resulted from the use of construction in an expressive way to achieve visual tracking of the correct paths of force transmission in the components of the construction formation, and deepen the aesthetic meanings that can be added by the construction. Thus, linking the character of creative construction truth to the constructive integrity The research problem lies in the lack of knowledge in studying the aspects of constructive truth and its range of effect on the architectural creativity sides in general and for the local architecture in particular, therefore, the research aims at clarifying the relationship between the concept of structural truth in all its intellectual and formal dimensions which affect the achieving of the construction creativity and thus the creativity of the apparent architectural production. It also discusses the creativity in architectural productions through studying the creativity sides that can be reached through the constructive truth vocabulary and items in the contemporary Iraqi architecture applications. Also and identifying the possibilities of interdependence between structural truth and structural creativity. The other aim is to analyse constructional applications that integrated with the design of the building in order to establish the fundamentals of creative architectural decision-making. In its methodology, the research methodology depends on comparison analysis style through the creating of a theoretical framework that starts from the mentioned above knowledge rule and applying it to a group of local examples to get some indicators that explain the role of structural honesty in the local architectural results.
Measurements of the natural radioactivity from Baghdad city soils using NaI (TI)detector
Authors: Rasheed Essam , Maula Baydaa Hussain 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the present investigation, twenty examples of soils were taken from numerous locales from Baghdad governorate. These samples were gathered from numerous spots. These examples were put away for one month under ordinary research center conditions. This time is important to get a radiological equilibrating to the examples, before tallying the movement of normal radioactive material for the examples. There are six radionuclides were showed up in soils tests: (Bi-214, Ra-226, TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212, K-40), these radionuclides included; two radionuclides (Bi-214, Ra-226) have a place with the U-238 arrangement, three radionuclides (TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212) have a place with Th-232 series and one is the common radionuclide K-40, the most minimal normal explicit exercises of the radionuclides in all examples utilizing NaI(Tl) finder was Tl-208 and equivalent to (0.735Bq/kg) however the most astounding explicit exercises of the radionuclides in all examples was K-40 and equivalent to (21.276 Bq/kg). The outside portion of the nature radioactivity for all Baghdad soils was 0.325 mSv.y-1 is very low contrasted and as far as possible1 mSv.y-1 UNSCEAR.
Assessment of Atmospheric Correction Methods for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Merzah Zainab Fakhri , Jaber Hussein Sabah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Atmospheric correction is a main problem in visible or near-infrared remote sensing images since the existence of the atmosphere continuously influences the radiation from the ground to the sensor. Hence, atmospheric correction is necessary. Remotely sensed imagery has noise affected by atmospheric particles that can unclear the image and make quantitative analysis unreliable. The aim of this research is to evaluate atmospheric correction methods for remotely sensed imagery using ENVI software to get accurate results. In this research, three methods of atmospheric correction have been selected depend on the essential parameters whether from the image or field for hyperspectral imagery by using ENVI software. These methods include: IAR Reflectance, Flat field correction, and Empirical Line Correction. The results showed the corrected images from three methods give better interpretation of Z-profile than original image which helps to determine the absorption feature and increase the possibility to get a good result after processing. IAR Reflectance method gives easier spectral curve to be interpreted when comparison between radiance spectrum and reflectance spectra than other correction methods.