bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced thermal and cycling reliabilities in (K,Na)(Nb,Sb)O3-CaZrO3-(Bi,Na)HfO3 ceramics
Authors: Fan Yi , Wang Zhenxing , Huan Yu , Wei Tao , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe thermal stability and fatigue resistance of piezoelectric ceramics are of great importance for industrialized application. In this study, the electrical properties of (0.99-x)(K0.48Na0.52)(Nb0.975Sb0.025)O3-0.01CaZrO3-x(Bi0.5Na0.5)HfO3 ceramics are investigated. When x = 0.03, the ceramics exhibit the optimal electrical properties at room temperature and high Curie temperature (TC = 253 °C). In addition, the ceramic has outstanding thermal stability ($$d_{33}^*$$

d

33

*

≈ 301 pm/V at 160 °C) and fatigue resistance (variation of Pr and $$d_{33}^*$$

d

33

*

~10% after 104 electrical cycles). Subsequently, the defect configuration and crystal structure of the ceramics are studied by X-ray diffraction, temperature-dielectric property curves and impedance analysis. On one hand, the doping (Bi0.5Na0.5)HfO3 makes the dielectric constant peaks flatten. On the other hand, the defect concentration and migration are obviously depressed in the doped ceramics. Both of them can enhance the piezoelectrical properties and improve the temperature and cycling reliabilities. The present study reveals that the good piezoelectric properties can be obtained in 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)(Nb0.975Sb0.025)O3-0.01CaZrO3-0.03(Bi0.5Na0.5) HfO3 ceramics.
Controllable fabrication and multifunctional applications of graphene/ceramic composites
Authors: Huang Yujia , Wan Chunlei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphene with excellent comprehensive properties has been considered as a promising filler to reinforce ceramics. While numerous studies have been devoted to the improvement of mechanical and electrical properties, incorporating graphene to ceramics also offers new opportunities for endowing ceramics with versatility. In this review, the recent development of graphene/ceramic bulk composites is summarized with the focus on the construction of well-designed architecture and the realization of multifunctional applications. The processing technologies of the composites are systematically summarized towards homogeneous dispersion and even ordered orientation of graphene sheets in the ceramic matrix. The improvement of composites in mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic, and thermal performances is discussed. The novel multifunctional applications brought by smart integration of graphene in ceramics are also addressed, including microwave absorption, electromagnetic interference shielding, ballistic armors, self-monitor damage sensors, and energy storage and conversion.
Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus: An Emerging Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu JiPing , Xiao GuangShun , Zuo XiuXiu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP), an emerging material, has aroused tremendous interest once discovered. This is due to the fact that it integrates unprecedented properties of other 2D materials, such as tunable bandgap structures, outstanding electrochemical properties, anisotropic mechanical, thermodynamic, and photoelectric properties, making it of great research value in many fields. The emergence of 2D BP has greatly promoted the development of electrochemical energy storage devices, especially lithium-ion batteries. However, in the application of 2D BP, there are still some problems to be solved urgently, such as the difficulty in the synthesis of large-scale high-quality phosphorene, poor environmental stability, and the volume expansion as electrode materials. Herein, according to the latest research progress of 2D BP in the field of energy storage, we systematically summarize and compare the preparation methods of phosphorene and discuss the basic structure and properties of BP, especially the environmental instability and passivation techniques. In particular, the practical application and challenges of 2D BP as anode material for lithium-ion batteries are analyzed in detail. Finally, some personal perspectives on the future development and challenges of BP are presented.
Airway management of angioedema patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chao Tiffany N. , Atkins Joshua H. , Qasim Zaffer , Kearney James J. , Mirza Natasha , Rassekh Christopher H. 
Published: June 2020

ImportanceThe COVID‐19 pandemic is characterized by high transmissibility from patients with prolonged minimally‐ or asymptomatic periods, with a particularly increased risk of spread during aerosol‐generating procedures, including endotracheal intubation.ObservationsAll patients presenting with upper airway obstruction due to angioedema during this time should be carefully managed in a way that is safest for both patient and provider.ConclusionsFor patients requiring emergent airway management during the COVID‐19 pandemic, minimization of aerosols while taking the necessary precautions to protect healthcare workers should are critical principles for their management.
The Mental Health Consequences of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Dentistry
Authors: Vergara-Buenaventura Andrea , Chavez-Tuñon Mariella , Castro-Ruiz Carmen 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWith the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), strict isolation strategies to limit virus transmission have been applied worldwide. The lockdown has affected and challenged different medical areas. Doctors, nurses, dentists, and other health care workers are concerned about contagion, not only for themselves, but also for their families and colleagues. Furthermore, the oral mucosa has been accepted as a high-risk route of transmission for COVID-19. In many countries, dentists have been forced to stop working during quarantine until further notification. Isolation and its financial impact have produced physical and psychological pressure, depression, social anxiety, and other mental health concerns. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the consequences of past epidemics on mental health and to assess possible aspects that might be associated with mental implications in dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, some concrete actions to avoid subsequent potential consequences are recommended.
A retrospective review and multi-specialty, evidence-based guideline for the management of necrotising otitis externa
Authors: Hopkins M E , Bennett A , Henderson N , MacSween K F , Baring D , Sutherland R 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNecrotising otitis externa is a progressive infection of the external auditory canal which extends to affect the temporal bone and adjacent structures. Progression of the disease process can result in serious sequelae, including cranial nerve palsies and death. There is currently no formal published treatment guideline.ObjectiveThis study aimed to integrate current evidence and data from our own retrospective case series in order to develop a guideline to optimise necrotising otitis externa patient management.MethodsA retrospective review of necrotising otitis externa cases within NHS Lothian, Scotland, between 2013 and 2018, was performed, along with a PubMed review.ResultsPrevalent presenting signs, symptoms and patient demographic data were established. Furthermore, features of cases associated with adverse outcomes were defined. A key feature of the guideline is defining at-risk patients with initial intensive treatment. Investigations and outcomes are assessed and treatment adjusted appropriately.ConclusionThis multi-departmental approach has facilitated the development of a succinct, systematic guideline for the management of necrotising otitis externa. Initial patient outcomes appear promising.
Interactions with ectoparasitic mites induce host metabolic and immune responses in flies at the expense of reproduction-associated factors
Authors: Benoit Joshua B. , Bose Joy , Bailey Samuel T. , Polak Michal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParasites cause harm to their hosts and represent pervasive causal agents of natural selection. Understanding host proximate responses during interactions with parasites can help predict which genes and molecular pathways are targets of this selection. In the current study, we examined transcriptional changes arising from interactions betweenDrosophila melanogasterand their naturally occurring ectoparasitic mite,Gamasodes queenslandicus. Shifts in host transcript levels associated with behavioural avoidance revealed the involvement of genes underlying nutrient metabolism. These genetic responses were reflected in altered body lipid and glycogen levels in the flies. Mite infestation triggered a striking immune response, while male accessory gland protein transcript levels were simultaneously reduced, suggesting a trade-off between host immune responses to parasite challenge and reproduction. Comparison of transcriptional analyses during mite infestation to those during nematode and parasitoid attack identified host genes similarly expressed in flies during these interactions. Validation of the involvement of specific genes with RNA interference lines revealed candidates that may directly mediate fly–ectoparasite interactions. Our physiological and molecular characterization of theDrosophila–Gamasodesinterface reveals new proximate mechanisms underlying host–parasite interactions, specifically host transcriptional shifts associated with behavioural avoidance and infestation. The results identify potential general mechanisms underlying host resistance and evolutionarily relevant trade-offs.
Effects of antidepressant medicines on preventing relapse of unipolar depression: a pooled analysis of parametric survival curves
Authors: Zhou Dongdong , Lv Zhen , Shi Lei , Zhou Xiaoxin , Lin Qingxia , Chen Xiaorong , Wan Liyang , Li Yao , Ran Liuyi , Huang Yan , Wang Gaomao , Li Daqi , Wang Wo , Liu Chuan , Kuang Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder is characterized by a high risk of relapse. We aimed to compare the prophylactic effects of different antidepressant medicines (ADMs).MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and the Web of Science were searched on 4 July 2019. A pooled analysis of parametric survival curves was performed using a Bayesian framework. The main outcomes were hazard ratios (HRs), relapse-free survival and mean relapse-free months.ResultsForty randomized controlled trials were included. The 1-year relapse-free survival for ADM (76%) was significantly better than that for placebo (56%). Most of the relapse difference (86.5%) occurred in the first 6 months. Most HRs were not constant over time. Proof of benefit after 6 months of follow-up was not established partially because of small differences between the drug and placebo after 6 months. Almost all studies used an ‘enriched’ randomized discontinuation design, which may explain the high relapse rates in the first 6 months after randomization.ConclusionsThe superiority of ADM v. placebo was mainly attributed to the difference in relapse rates that occurred in the first 6 months. Our analysis provided evidence that the prophylactic efficacy was not constant over time. A beneficial effect was observed, but the prevention of new episodes after 6 months was questionable. These findings may have implications for clinical practice.
Treatment of COPD and COPD–heart failure comorbidity in primary care in different stages of the disease
Authors: Pirina Pietro , Zinellu Elisabetta , Martinetti Marco , Spada Claudia , Piras Barbara , Collu Claudia , Fois Alessandro Giuseppe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that may have a negative impact on both patients’ quality of life and survival. Patients with COPD frequently suffer from heart failure (HF), likely owing to several shared risk factors.

Aim:
To evaluate the differences in treatment of COPD with and without HF comorbidity according to COPD severity in the general practitioner setting.

Methods:
We conducted an observational, retrospective study using data obtained from the Italian Health Search Database, which collects information generated by the routine activity of general practitioners. The study sample included 225 patients with COPD, alone or combined with HF.

Findings:
It has been found that the prevalence of some comorbidities such as diabetes and HF significantly increases with the severity of COPD. Regarding pharmacological treatment, a reduction in the prescription of individually administered long-acting β 2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting anticholinergics (LAMAs) has been observed with increasing severity of the disease. Moreover, an increase in the prescription of both the combination of the two bronchodilators (LABA + LAMA) and their association with inhaled corticosteroids has been observed with increasing severity of COPD. The prescription of β-blockers in patients with COPD suffering from HF comorbidity decreases from 100% in stage I to less than 50% in the other stages of COPD. This study shows that general practitioners do not follow the guidelines recommendations for the management of patients with COPD in the different stages of the disease, with and without HF comorbidity, as well as in the management of HF. Further efforts must be made to ensure adequate treatment for these patients.
Should The Episcopal Church Create a Missionary Diocese in Europe?
Authors: Whalon Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere are four Anglican jurisdictions in continental Europe. Two are national churches, Spain and Portugal; two are non-geographical jurisdictions serving persons not geographical regions. These four have overlaps among themselves; they also overlap with full-communion partners. The Episcopal Church’s Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe is not officially a diocese, though it acts like one. Like the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe, its mission is not limited geographically. The competition unwittingly engendered creates conflict that detracts from the part of God’s mission accorded to each Church. This essay argues that creating an official Episcopal diocese in Europe is not the way forward, if common care for that mission is and should be the primary concern of all.
Periconception maternal low-protein diet adversely affects male mouse fetal bone growth and mineral density quality in late gestation
Authors: Lanham Stuart A. , Smith Stephanie J. , Watkins Adam J. , Lucas Emma S. , MacCaoilte Niamh , Oreffo Richard O.C. , Fleming Tom P. , Eckert Judith J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdverse programming of adult non-communicable disease can be induced by poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the periconception period has been identified as a vulnerable period. In the current study, we used a mouse maternal low-protein diet fed either for the duration of pregnancy (LPD) or exclusively during the preimplantation period (Emb-LPD) with control nutrition provided thereafter and postnatally to investigate effects on fetal bone development and quality. This model has been shown previously to induce cardiometabolic and neurological disease phenotypes in offspring. Micro 3D computed tomography examination at fetal stages Embryonic day E14.5 and E17.4, reflecting early and late stages of bone formation, demonstrated LPD treatment caused increased bone formation of relative high mineral density quality in males, but not females, at E14.5, disproportionate to fetal growth, with bone quality maintained at E17.5. In contrast, Emb-LPD caused a late increase in male fetal bone growth, proportionate to fetal growth, at E17.5, affecting central and peripheral skeleton and of reduced mineral density quality relative to controls. These altered dynamics in bone growth coincide with increased placental efficiency indicating compensatory responses to dietary treatments. Overall, our data show fetal bone formation and mineral quality is dependent upon maternal nutritional protein content and is sex-specific. In particular, we find the duration and timing of poor maternal diet to be critical in the outcomes with periconceptional protein restriction leading to male offspring with increased bone growth but of poor mineral density, thereby susceptible to later disease risk.
Neonatal zingerone protects against the development of high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in adult Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Muhammad N. , Lembede B. W. , Erlwanger K. H 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring the early postnatal period, dietary manipulations can alter the developmental trajectory of the growing offspring, causing beneficial or adverse health outcomes later in adult life. We investigated the potential preventive effects of neonatal zingerone intake on the development of fructose-induced metabolic derangements in rats.Four-day old male and female Sprague-Dawley rat pups (n = 79) were randomly grouped and administered: 10 ml/kg body weight (bwt) of distilled water (W), 10 ml/kg bwt 20% fructose solution (FS), 10 ml/kg bwt fructose solution + 40 mg/kg bwt of zingerone in distilled water (ZF) or 40 mg/kg bwt of zingerone in distilled water (ZW) pre-weaning. After weaning, W and ZW continued on unlimited tap water, while FS and ZF continued on unlimited fructose solution for 10 weeks. Body mass and food and fluid intake were evaluated, plasma was collected for metabolic assays and visceral fat was quantified.Food intake was decreased, fructose and overall caloric intake were increased due to fructose feeding in both sexes (P < 0.05). When compared with the controls, the high-fructose diet significantly raised the terminal body masses of females (P < 0.0001), concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, TG:HDL-c ratio and visceral fat mass relative to bwt in both sexes (P < 0.05). Zingerone prevented (P < 0.05) the fructose-induced increase in body mass (females) and hypercholesterolemia (both sexes). Levels of HDL-c, glycaemic parameters and adiponectin were not affected by the interventions (P > 0.05). Sex-related differences were observed in food, fluid and caloric intake, terminal mass, cholesterol subtypes and visceral fat percentage (P < 0.05).Zingerone could be used strategically in the neonatal phase as a prophylatic management of high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
Establishing the Ramgarh Training Center: The Burma Campaign, the Colonial Internment Camp, and the Wartime Sino-British Relations
Authors: Cao Yin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article investigates how the Chinese Expeditionary Force joined the Burma Campaign and retreated to India in 1942, and how the Chinese, American, and British authorities negotiated to determine the destiny of Chinese forces in India. This article argues that the choice of Ramgarh, a small town in northeast India, as the site of a training centre for the Chinese Expeditionary Force sheds light on a decades-long programme of colonial internment-camp building in British India, and illuminates the difficult relationship between Chinese and British authorities during World War II. In doing so, it also argues that the historiography of China's War of Resistance requires Southeast and South Asian perspectives.
Using Satellites to Track Indicators of Global Air Pollution and Climate Change Impacts: Lessons Learned From a NASA‐Supported Science‐Stakeholder Collaborative
Authors: Anenberg Susan C. , Bindl Matilyn , Brauer Michael , Castillo Juan J. , Cavalieri Sandra , Duncan Bryan N. , Fiore Arlene M. , Fuller Richard , Goldberg Daniel L. , Henze Daven K. , Hess Jeremy , Holloway Tracey , James Peter , Jin Xiaomeng , Kheirbek Iyad , Kinney Patrick L. , Liu Yang , Mohegh Arash , Patz Jonathan , Jimenez Marcia P. , Roy Ananya , Tong Daniel , Walker Katy , Watts Nick , West J. Jason 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe 2018 NASA Health and Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST) “Indicators” Tiger Team collaboration between NASA‐supported scientists and civil society stakeholders aimed to develop satellite‐derived global air pollution and climate indicators. This Commentary shares our experience and lessons learned. Together, the team developed methods to track wildfires, dust storms, pollen counts, urban green space, nitrogen dioxide concentrations and asthma burdens, tropospheric ozone concentrations, and urban particulate matter mortality. Participatory knowledge production can lead to more actionable information but requires time, flexibility, and continuous engagement. Ground measurements are still needed for ground truthing, and sustained collaboration over time remains a challenge.
FOXF2 acts as a crucial molecule in tumours and embryonic development
Authors: He Weihan , Kang Yuanbo , Zhu Wei , Zhou Bolun , Jiang Xingjun , Ren Caiping , Guo Weihua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a key member of the forkhead box transcription factors, forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) serves as a transcriptional regulator and regulates downstream gene expression in embryonic development, metabolism and in some common diseases, such as stroke and gastroparesis. Recent studies have shown that aberrant expression of FOXF2 is associated with a variety of tumorigenic processes, such as proliferation, invasion and metastasis. The role of FOXF2 in the development of many different organs has been confirmed by studies and has been speculated about in case reports. We focus on the mechanisms and signal pathways of tumour development initiated by aberrant expression of FOXF2, and we summarize the diseases and signal pathways caused by aberrant expression of FOXF2 in embryogenesis. This article highlights the differences in the role of FOXF2 in different tumours and demonstrates that multiple factors can regulate FOXF2 levels. In addition, FOXF2 is considered a biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of various tumours. Therefore, regulating the level of FOXF2 is an ideal treatment for tumours. FOXF2 could also affect the expression of some organ-specific genes to modulate organogenesis and could serve as a biomarker for specific differentiated cells. Finally, we present prospects for the continued research focus of FOXF2.
Pre-clinical modeling of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Rebecca Vito W. , Somasundaram Rajasekharan , Herlyn Meenhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetastatic melanoma is challenging to manage. Although targeted- and immune therapies have extended survival, most patients experience therapy resistance. The adaptability of melanoma cells in nutrient- and therapeutically-challenged environments distinguishes melanoma as an ideal model for investigating therapy resistance. In this review, we discuss the current available repertoire of melanoma models including two- and three-dimensional tissue cultures, organoids, genetically engineered mice and patient-derived xenograft. In particular, we highlight how each system recapitulates different features of melanoma adaptability and can be used to better understand melanoma development, progression and therapy resistance.