bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Irish Citizens Abroad
Authors: Hickman Mary J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter will show that Irish policies for citizens abroad are characterized by an intention to maximise the usefulness of the diaspora for Irish national interests and by a commitment to address the welfare, cultural and other needs of the Irish abroad and strengthen links between Ireland and its diaspora. The chapter addresses the main demographic characteristics of the Irish diaspora, the chief structures and policies of the Irish Government’s engagement with its diaspora and examines the social protection policies that include the Irish abroad, indicating the main principles that underpin this aspect of engagement with the diaspora. Finally, some of the ways in which Irish diaspora policies are changing are noted.
Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Maltese Citizens Abroad
Authors: Briffa Hillary , Baldacchino Alessandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter assesses the social protection policies enacted by the Maltese government to support Maltese citizens living abroad. First, the current status of the Maltese diaspora and their engagement with the homeland is contextualized, and key infrastructure and policies outlined. In the Maltese legal system, there is no domestic law granting the right to consular or diplomatic protection, however this is offered as a matter of practice based on respect for the fundamental rights of the individual. The strength of historic ties with the destination countries of Maltese emigrants is mainly reflected in the number of Reciprocal Agreements signed between Malta and partner countries. An overview of these formal treaties and their assured benefits is provided. Thereafter, five areas of concern for the social security needs of Maltese diaspora are addressed: unemployment, healthcare, pensions, family-related benefits, and economic hardship. The chapter concludes by acknowledging the communication initiatives between the Maltese government and its citizens abroad; however, it recognises that there is still a long way to go in terms of ensuring democratic participation of citizens in elections. Throughout, the evidence has been compiled primarily as a result of consultation with primary source material, as well as interviews with a range of experts within relevant Maltese governmental bodies.
Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Slovak Citizens Abroad
Authors: Vašečka Michal , Žúborová Viera 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of Slovak diaspora policies with a focus on social protection. It shows that the country’s diaspora policies have focused on educational and cultural engagement of ethnically defined Slovak nationals residing abroad, with a goal of improving knowledge of the national culture and language of citizens abroad.
Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Cypriot Citizens Abroad
Authors: Konstantinidou Angeliki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe diaspora policies that Cyprus has implemented have been largely overlooked in the literature and in empirical studies. While several pieces of work have explored Cypriots abroad, there are no systematic studies that delve into the diaspora policies that the Cypriot government has put forward for non-resident nationals. Hence, this chapter aims to discuss the diaspora engagement policies that Cyprus implements at the economic, political, and socio-cultural levels, as well as to explain the Cypriot diaspora engagement based on the particular historical and political context of the country and the characteristics of its diaspora. In addition, the chapter sheds light on the niche area of social protection policies towards the Cypriot diaspora, with a particular focus on the policy areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family-related benefits, and economic hardship.
Shackles and Chains: Some Concluding Thoughts
Authors: Hilton Claire 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany of the themes running through this book have parallels today, associated with stigma, austerity, deaths from preventable causes, and under-provision of services from which mentally unwell people could benefit. Metaphorical shackles and chains link then and now. At the beginning of the war, speculation and hope that victory would be within easy reach informed asylum planning. Decisions justifiable on that basis, but without compensatory adjustments later in the war, created harsher asylum regimes. Public support and special provision for mentally disturbed soldiers was heartening, but it highlighted the undignified standards of care provided for mentally disturbed civilians. Despite the problems in the asylums, there were also many dedicated and kind staff. Kindness was assumed so it was not noteworthy: it usually only came to light incidental to some other matter.
Modeling Cardiac Mechanics on a Sub-Cellular Scale
Authors: Telle Åshild , Wall Samuel T. , Sundnes Joakim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe aim to extend existing models of single-cell mechanics to theEMIframework, to define spatially resolved mechanical models of cardiac myocytes embedded in a passive extracellular space. The models introduced here will be pure mechanics models employing fairly simple constitutive laws for active and passive mechanics. Future extensions of the models may include a coupling to the electrophysiology and electro-diffusion models described in the other chapters, to study the impact of spatially heterogeneous ion concentrations on the cell and tissue mechanics.
Renormalization of Galilean electrodynamics
Authors: Chapman Shira , Di Pietro Lorenzo , Grosvenor Kevin T. , Yan Ziqi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the quantum properties of a Galilean-invariant abelian gauge theory coupled to a Schrödinger scalar in 2+1 dimensions. At the classical level, the theory with minimal coupling is obtained from a null-reduction of relativistic Maxwell theory coupled to a complex scalar field in 3+1 dimensions and is closely related to the Galilean electromagnetism of Le-Bellac and Lévy-Leblond. Due to the presence of a dimensionless, gauge-invariant scalar field in the Galilean multiplet of the gauge-field, we find that at the quantum level an infinite number of couplings is generated. We explain how to handle the quantum corrections systematically using the background field method. Due to a non-renormalization theorem, the beta function of the gauge coupling is found to vanish to all orders in perturbation theory, leading to a continuous family of fixed points where the non-relativistic conformal symmetry is preserved.
Cornering (quasi) degenerate neutrinos with cosmology
Authors: Lattanzi Massimiliano , Gerbino Martina , Freese Katherine , Kane Gordon , Valle José W. F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In light of the improved sensitivities of cosmological observations, we examine the status of quasi-degenerate neutrino mass scenarios. Within the simplest extension of the standard cosmological model with massive neutrinos, we find that quasi-degenerate neutrinos are severely constrained by present cosmological data and neutrino oscillation experiments. We find that Planck 2018 observations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies disfavour quasi-degenerate neutrino masses at 2.4 Gaussian σ’s, while adding baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data brings the rejection to 5.9σ’s. The highest statistical significance with which one would be able to rule out quasi-degeneracy would arise if the sum of neutrino masses is ∑mv = 60 meV (the minimum allowed by neutrino oscillation experiments); indeed a sensitivity of 15 meV, as expected from a combination of future cosmological probes, would further improve the rejection level up to 17σ. We discuss the robustness of these projections with respect to assumptions on the underlying cosmological model, and also compare them with bounds from β decay endpoint and neutrinoless double beta decay studies.
On the Jensen convex and Jensen concave envelopes of means
Authors: Páles Zsolt , Pasteczka Paweł 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent papers, the convexity of quasiarithmetic means was characterized under twice differentiability assumptions. One of the main goals of this paper is to show that the convexity or concavity of a quasiarithmetic mean implies the twice continuous differentiability of its generator. As a consequence of this result, we can characterize those quasiarithmetic means which admit a lower convex and upper concave quasiarithmetic envelope.
Krankenhausmedizinische Interventionen in der neurologischen Anschlussrehabilitation
Authors: Knecht Stefan , Jalali Venus Koushk , Schmidt-Wilcke Tobias , Studer Bettina 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungBehandlungen in einem Krankenhaus unterscheiden sich von Behandlungen in einer Rehabilitationsklinik rechtlich dadurch, dass den Patienten im Krankenhaus jederzeitige Hilfe durch Ärzte und anderes qualifiziertes Personal zur Verfügung stehen muss – in der Rehabilitationsklinik hingegen nicht. Seit der Abfassung der zugehörigen Sozialgesetze vor über 30 Jahren werden mehr akutmedizinische Interventionen durchgeführt und die Zahl der Älteren in der Bevölkerung hat zugenommen. Infolgedessen sind Patienten heute älter und multimorbider und dadurch komplikationsgefährdeter. Dies gilt insbesondere für die postakute neurologische Versorgung. Deswegen sind die ursprünglichen Rahmenkonzepte für neurologische Rehabilitationsbehandlung fragwürdig geworden. Wir untersuchten daher prospektiv, wie häufig Patienten in der neurologischen Anschlussrehabilitation akute Komplikationen entwickelten und sofortiger Hilfe durch qualifiziertes Personal bedurften. Wir fanden unter 759 innerhalb einer sechsmonatigen Beobachtungsperiode behandelten Patienten 602 krankenhausmedizinische Komplikationen (Stürze, akute Harnwegsinfekte, Fieber anderer Art, Clostridium-difficile-Diarrhöen, Pneumonien, respiratorische Insuffizienz, Septitiden, epileptische Anfälle und Herzrhythmusstörungen). Insgesamt musste so in der untersuchten Einrichtung im Mittel mehr als dreimal pro Tag akutmedizinisch interveniert werden. Wir schlussfolgern, dass neurologische Anschlussrehabilitation dem bisherigen sozialgesetzlichen Rahmen entwachsen ist und Krankenhausbehandlung umfasst.
The transformation to a circular economy: framing an evolutionary view
Authors: Chizaryfard Armaghan , Trucco Paolo , Nuur Cali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe notion of the circular economy (CE) has recently been put forth as a strategy to mitigate climate change. It has gained attention in policy circles and in the engineering and natural science literature. In contrast to the linear model of production, use and disposal, the point of departure for the CE is the creation and sustention of a regenerative system with the goal of minimising resource inputs and emissions. However, although the emerging literature has discussed the ongoing transition process towards the CE, mainly from an ecological perspective, the underlying mechanisms of industrial change including structural tensions have not been discussed. Responding to this gap in the literature, the aim of this paper is to discuss CE as an evolutionary process and to propose a conceptual framework that builds on a development block approach.
Bounds for monetary-unit sampling in auditing: an adjusted empirical likelihood approach
Authors: Berger Yves G. , Chiodini Paola M. , Zenga Mariangela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is common practice for auditors to verify only a sample of recorded values to estimate the total error amount. Monetary-unit sampling is often used to over-sample large valued items which may be overstated. The aim is to compute an upper confidence bound for the total errors amount. Naïve bounds based on the central limit theorem are not suitable, because the distribution of errors are often very skewed. Auditors frequently use the Stringer bound which known to be too conservative. We propose to use weighted empirical likelihood bounds for Monetary-unit sampling. The approach proposed is different from mainstream empirical likelihood. A Monte–Carlo simulation study highlights the advantage of the proposed approach over the Stringer bound.
Profile of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Heinz Franz X. , Stiasny Karin 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe recent emergence of a new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‑2, SARS-CoV-2) that is transmitted efficiently among humans and can result in serious disease and/or death has become a global threat to public health and economy. In this article, we describe some of the most important characteristics of this new virus (including gaps in our understanding) and provide a perspective of ongoing activities for developing virus-specific countermeasures, such as vaccines and antiviral drugs.
Deep brain stimulation electrodes may rotate after implantation—an animal study
Authors: Rau Alexander , Urbach H. , Coenen V. A. , Egger K. , Reinacher P. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDirectional deep brain stimulation (dDBS) electrodes allow to steer the electrical field in a specific direction. When implanted with torque, they may rotate for a certain time after implantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether and to which degree leads rotate in the first 24 h after implantation using a sheep brain model. dDBS electrodes were implanted in 14 sheep heads and 3D rotational fluoroscopy (3D-RF) scans were acquired to visualize the orientation of the electrode leads. Electrode leads were clockwise rotated just above the burr holes (180° n = 6, 360° n = 6, 2 controls) and 3D-RF scans were again acquired after 3, 6, 13, 17, and 24 h, respectively. One hundred eighty degree rotated electrodes showed an initial rotation of 83.5° (range: 35.4°–128.3°) and a rotation of 114.0° (range: 57°–162°) after 24 h. With 360° torsion, mean initial rotation was 201° (range: 3.3°–321.4°) and mean rotation after 24 h 215.7° (range 31.9°–334.7°), respectively. Direct postoperative imaging may not be accurate for determining the rotation of dDBS electrodes if torque is present.
Can supplementary pollen feeding reduce varroa mite and virus levels and improve honey bee colony survival?
Authors: DeGrandi-Hoffman Gloria , Corby-Harris Vanessa , Chen Yanping , Graham Henry , Chambers Mona , Watkins deJong Emily , Ziolkowski Nicholas , Kang Yun , Gage Stephanie , Deeter Megan , Simone-Finstrom Michael , de Guzman Lilia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVarroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite of immature and adult honey bees that can transmit several single-stranded RNA viruses to its host. Varroa reproduce in brood cells, and mite populations increase as colonies produce brood in spring and summer. Mite numbers also can sharply rise, particularly in the fall, by the migration of varroa into hives on foragers. Colonies with high levels of varroa and viruses often die over the winter. Feeding colonies pollen might keep virus levels low and improve survival because of the positive effects of pollen on immunity and colony growth. We compared varroa and virus levels and overwinter survival in colonies with (fed) and without (unfed) supplemental pollen. We also measured the frequency of capturing foragers with mites (FWM) at colony entrances to determine its relationship to varroa and virus levels. Colonies fed supplemental pollen were larger than unfed colonies and survived longer. Varroa populations and levels of Deformed wing virus (DWV) rose throughout the season, and were similar between fed and unfed colonies. The growth of varroa populations was correlated with FWM in fed and unfed colonies, and significantly affected DWV levels. Increasing frequencies of FWM and the effects on varroa populations might reduce the positive influence of supplemental pollen on immune function. However, pollen feeding can stimulate colony growth and this can improve colony survival.
The Manifold Of Variations: hazard assessment of short-term impactors
Authors: Del Vigna Alessio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhen an asteroid has a few observations over a short time span the information contained in the observational arc could be so little that a full orbit determination may be not possible. One of the methods developed in recent years to overcome this problem is based on the systematic ranging and combined with the Admissible Region theory to constrain the poorly-determined topocentric range and range-rate. The result is a set of orbits compatible with the observations, the Manifold Of Variations, a two-dimensional compact manifold parametrised over the Admissible Region. Such a set of orbits represents the asteroid confidence region and is used for short-term hazard predictions. In this paper we present the Manifold Of Variations method and make a detailed analysis of the related probabilistic formalism.
In-situ TEM annealing of amorphous Fe-24at.%W coatings and the effect of crystallization on hardness
Authors: Mulone Antonio , Ennen Inga , Hütten Andreas , Klement Uta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the crystallization which occurs upon annealing of an amorphous Fe-24at.%W coatings, electrodeposited from a glycolate-citrate plating bath. A combination of Differential Scanning Calorimetry and in-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy annealing is used to study the onset of crystallization of the amorphous coating. The in-situ TEM analyses reveal the formation of first crystallites after annealing at 400 °C for 30 min. Upon a temperature increase to 500–600 °C, the crystallites develop into Fe-rich nanocrystals with ~ 40 nm grain size. The nanocrystals are dispersed in the remaining amorphous Fe-W matrix, which results in the formation of a mixed nanocrystalline-amorphous structure. The observed crystallization can be held responsible for the increase in the hardness obtained upon annealing of Fe-24at.%W coatings. In fact, the hardness of the as-deposited material increases from 11 to 13 GPa after annealing at 400 °C, and it reaches the maximum value of 16.5 GPa after annealing at 600 °C.
Alpha protons as NMR probes in deuterated proteins
Authors: Movellan Kumar Tekwani , Najbauer Eszter E. , Pratihar Supriya , Salvi Michele , Giller Karin , Becker Stefan , Andreas Loren B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe a new labeling method that allows for full protonation at the backbone Hα position, maintaining protein side chains with a high level of deuteration. We refer to the method as alpha proton exchange by transamination (α-PET) since it relies on transaminase activity demonstrated here usingEscherichia coliexpression. We show that α-PET labeling is particularly useful in improving structural characterization of solid proteins by introduction of an additional proton reporter, while eliminating many strong dipolar couplings. The approach benefits from the high sensitivity associated with 1.3 mm samples, more abundant information including Hα resonances, and the narrow proton linewidths encountered for highly deuterated proteins. The labeling strategy solves amide proton exchange problems commonly encountered for membrane proteins when using perdeuteration and backexchange protocols, allowing access to alpha and all amide protons including those in exchange-protected regions. The incorporation of Hα protons provides new insights, as the close Hα–Hα and Hα–HNcontacts present in β-sheets become accessible, improving the chance to determine the protein structure as compared with HN–HNcontacts alone. Protonation of the Hα position higher than 90% is achieved for Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, Met, Val, Ala, Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, Glu, Asp even though LAAO is only active at this degree for Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Met. Additionally, the glycine methylene carbon is labeled preferentially with a single deuteron, allowing stereospecific assignment of glycine alpha protons. In solution, we show that the high deuteration level dramatically reduces R2relaxation rates, which is beneficial for the study of large proteins and protein dynamics. We demonstrate the method using two model systems, as well as a 32 kDa membrane protein, hVDAC1, showing the applicability of the method to study membrane proteins.
Generalized absolute values, ideals and homomorphisms in mixed lattice groups
Authors: Eriksson Sirkka-Liisa , Jokela Jani , Paunonen Lassi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA mixed lattice group is a generalization of a lattice ordered group. The theory of mixed lattice semigroups dates back to the 1970s, but the corresponding theory for groups and vector spaces has been relatively unexplored. In this paper we investigate the basic structure of mixed lattice groups, and study how some of the fundamental concepts in Riesz spaces and lattice ordered groups, such as the absolute value and other related ideas, can be extended to mixed lattice groups and mixed lattice vector spaces. We also investigate ideals and study the properties of mixed lattice group homomorphisms and quotient groups. Most of the results in this paper have their analogues in the theory of Riesz spaces.
The essential indexical research program
Authors: Morgan Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ways of thinking of things associated with a few indexical expressions—e.g. ‘I’, ‘now’, ‘that’—have a special role in the causation of action. They have a role not had by, for example, the guise associated with the ‘Superman’, or the guise associated with any other proper name. So, at least, an orthodox view about action—often associated with the phrase ‘essential indexical’—has it. Recently, this view has come under scrutiny. An increasing number of philosophers think it is a myth. In this paper, I do two things. First, I argue that the orthodox view really is an insight, not a myth. Second, I offer an explanation of why it is that the insight holds.
Borrowing matter and pattern in morphology. An overview
Authors: Gardani Francesco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMorphological inventories and structures of languages in contact can converge by means of either increasing formal similarity (MAT borrowing), or structural congruence (PAT borrowing), or a combination of both (MAT&PAT borrowing). In order to understand whether and how these borrowing types covary with specific grammatical features and modules of grammar, I propose a typology of MAT and PAT borrowing that distinguishes between functional and realization levels and covers all areas of grammar that can be affected by borrowing. I exemplify selected subtypes of borrowing with a number of crosslinguistic cases focusing on morphology and morphosyntax.