bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastome phylogenomics, biogeography, and clade diversification of Paris (Melanthiaceae)
Authors: Ji Yunheng , Yang Lifang , Chase Mark W. , Liu Changkun , Yang Zhenyan , Yang Jin , Yang Jun-Bo , Yi Ting-Shuang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Paris (Melanthiaceae) is an economically important but taxonomically difficult genus, which is unique in angiosperms because some species have extremely large nuclear genomes. Phylogenetic relationships within Paris have long been controversial. Based on complete plastomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences, this study aims to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic tree and explore historical biogeography and clade diversification in the genus.
Results: All 29 species currently recognized in Paris were sampled. Whole plastomes and nrDNA sequences were generated by the genome skimming approach. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Based on the phylogenetic framework and molecular dating, biogeographic scenarios and historical diversification of Paris were explored. Significant conflicts between plastid and nuclear datasets were identified, and the plastome tree is highly congruent with past interpretations of the morphology. Ancestral area reconstruction indicated that Paris may have originated in northeastern Asia and northern China, and has experienced multiple dispersal and vicariance events during its diversification. The rate of clade diversification has sharply accelerated since the Miocene/Pliocene boundary.
Conclusions: Our results provide important insights for clarifying some of the long-standing taxonomic debates in Paris . Cytonuclear discordance may have been caused by ancient and recent hybridizations in the genus. The climatic and geological changes since the late Miocene, such as the intensification of Asian monsoon and the rapid uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as well as the climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene, played essential roles in driving range expansion and radiative diversification in Paris . Our findings challenge the theoretical prediction that large genome sizes may limit speciation.
Disease characteristics and treatment patterns of Chinese patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective study using medical records from China
Authors: Xu Ruihua , Wang Wei , Zhu Bo , Lin Xiaoyan , Ma Dong , Zhu Lingjun , Zhao Qingchuan , Nie Yongzhan , Cai Xiaohong , Li Qi , Fang Weijia , Li Hongyan , Wang Ning , Chen Yun , Peng Cike , Fang Honghao , Shen Lin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in China but few large-scale studies were conducted to understand CRC patients. The current study is aimed to gain a real-world perspectives of CRC patients in China. Methods: Using electronic medical records of sampled patients between 2011 and 2016 from 12 hospitals in China, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to describe demographics and disease prognosis of CRC patients, and examine treatment sequences among metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients. Descriptive, comparative and survival analyses were conducted. Results: Among mCRC patients (3,878/8,136, 48%), the fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and other oxaliplatin-based regimens were the most widely-used first-line treatment (42%). Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan (FOLFIRI) and other irinotecan-based regimens dominated the second-line (40%). There was no a dominated regimen for the third-line. The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy with targeted biologics increased from less than 20% for the first- and second- lines to 34% for the third-line (p<0.001). The most common sequence from first- to second-line was from FOLFOX and other oxaliplatin-based regimens to FOLFIRI and other irinotecan-based regimens (286/1,200, 24%). Conclusions: Our findings reflected a lack of consensus on the choice of third-line therapy and limited available options in China. It is evident o continue promoting early CRC diagnosis and to increase the accessibility of treatment options for mCRC patients. As the only nationwide large-scale study among CRC and mCRC patients before more biologics became available in China, our results can also be used as the baseline to assess treatment pattern changes before and after more third-line treatment were approved and covered into the National Health Insurance Plan in China between 2017 - 2018.
Immunosenescence profile and expression of the aging biomarker (p16INK4a) in testicular cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy.
Authors: Bourlon Maria Teresa , Velazquez Hugo E , Hinojosa Juan , Orozco Luis , Rios-Corzo Ricardo , Lima Guadalupe , Llorente Luis , Hernandez-Ramirez Diego F , Valentin-Cortez Francisco J , Medina-Rangel Irene , Atisha-Fregoso Yemil 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Cytotoxic chemotherapy can cure advanced germ cell tumors. Nevertheless, cancer treatment may induce cellular senescence and accelerate molecular aging. The aging process implies an increase of cells expressing p16 INK4a and changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. Our aim was to study the potential induction of premature immunosenescence in testicular cancer survivors (TCS) exposed to chemotherapy. Patients and methods Case-control study of TCS treated with chemotherapy (≥3 BEP cycles, disease-free ≥3 months) compared with healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. p16 INK4a expression in T cells was measured using qPCR. Percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations associated with immunosenescence and p16 INK4a expression in TCS compared to controls using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results We included 16 cases and 16 controls. The median of age was 27 years (24-54) and median time on surveillance was 26.5 months (3-192). TCS had a lower percentage of total T cells and CD4+ T cells in total lymphocytes. Among the CD4+ T lymphocytes, TCS had a lower naïve CD4+ and an increased memory CD4+ cells. Within the CD8+ T lymphocytes, TCS exhibited a decrease in the percentage of naïve cells and an increase in CD8+CD45RA+CD57+ cells. TCS also exhibited a decreased memory CD19+ B cells compared to the controls. The relative expression of p16 INK4a in T cells was higher in TCS compared to the controls [1.33 (IQR 0.93-2.23): p=0.048). Conclusion TCS showed an increase in the expression of the aging biomarker p16 INK4a and a lymphocyte phenotype associated with immunosenescence; characterized by a decrease in naïve cells, and concomitant increment of memory cells. This phenomenon might contribute to the development of an immune risk profile, which is associated with an increased rate of infections and a diminished effect of vaccination in the elderly population. Further studies are warranted to define the clinical implications of this alteration in TCS.
Preoperative Risk Stratification for Early Recurrence of HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation:A Five-Eight Model Development and Validation
Authors: Al-Ameri Abdulahad Abdulrab Mohammed , Wei Xuyong , Lin Lidan , Shao Zhou , Guo Haijun , Xie Haiyang , Zhou Lin , Zheng Shusen , Xu Xiao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with poor surgical outcomes. This study aims to construct a preoperative model to predict individual risk of post-LT HCC recurrence.
Methods: Data of 748 adult patients who underwent deceased donor LT for HCC between January 2015, and February 2019 were collected retrospectively from the China Liver Transplant Registry database and randomly divided into training (n=486) and validation(n=262) cohorts. A multivariate analysis was performed and the five-eight model was developed.
Results: A total of 748 patients were included in the study; of them, 96% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 84 % had cirrhosis. Pre-LT serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), tumor number and largest tumor diameter were incorporated to construct the 5-8 model which can stratify patients accurately according to their risk of recurrence into three prognostic subgroups; low-(0-5 points), medium-(6–8 points) and high-risk (>8 points) with 2-year post-LT recurrence rate of (5%,20% and 51%,p<0.001) respectively.The 5-8 model was better than Milan, Hangzhou, and AFP-model for prediction of HCC early recurrence. These findings were confirmed by the results of the validation cohort.
Conclusions: The 5-8 model is a simple validated and accurate tool for preoperative stratification of early recurrence of HCC after LT.
The trend of full vaccination coverage in infants and inequalities by wealth quintile and maternal education: Analysis from four recent Demographic and Health Surveys in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Kiran , Paudel Yuba Raj , Dharel Dinesh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background

Despite policy intention to reach disadvantaged populations, inequalities in child health care use and health outcomes persist in Nepal. The current study aimed to investigate the trend of full vaccination coverage among infants and its equity gaps between Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) 2001 and 2016.Methods

Using data from NDHS conducted in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016, we investigated the trend of coverage of six antigens:Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus (DPT), Polio, and Measles during their infancy among children aged 12-23 months. We presented trends and correlates of vaccination coverage by different socio-demographic factors. We measured inequalities in full vaccination coverage by wealth quintile and maternal education using absolute measure (slope index of inequality) and relative measures (Relative index of inequality, concentration index) of inequalities.Results

Full immunization coverage among infants steadily increased from 65.6% in 2001 to 87.0% in 2011; however, it decreased to 77.8% in 2016. Province 2 had a significantly lower full vaccination coverage compared to Province1.Although decreasing over time, there were significant inequalities by household wealth quintiles and maternal educational status. The slope index of inequality (SII) for wealth quintiles decreased from -32.3 [-45.5,-19.1] in 2001 to an SII of-8.4 [-18.6,-1.7] in 2016. Similarly, the SII for education decreased from -61.8 [-73.5,-50.1] in 2001 to an SII of -30.5 [-40.7,-20.2] in 2016. Similarly, the relative index of inequality (RII) also showed an improvement over time, indicating the narrowing equity gap. Additionally, concentration index on full immunization coverage by wealth quintiles dropped from 0.21 (0.12-0.28) in 2001 to 0.054 (-0.01-0.12) in 2016. Absolute and relative inequalities were persistently larger by maternal educational status compared to household wealth quintiles throughout the study period.Conclusion

Full vaccination coverage in Nepal increased from 2001 until 2011 but saw a significant decrement away from the national target after 2011. However, the equity gap by household wealth quintile and maternal education status has narrowed over time. National Immunization programs need to give higher emphasis to infants born to mothers with less education, those born in the poorer wealth quintile households, and those living in Province 2.
Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival benefit in stage III colon cancer patients stratified by age: a Japanese real-world cohort study
Authors: Kawamura Hidetaka , Morishima Toshitaka , Sato Akira , Honda Michitaka , Miyashiro Isao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is relatively underused in older patients with colon cancer in Japan, and its age-specific effects on clinical outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival benefit in stage III colon cancer patients stratified by age in a Japanese real-world setting. Methods: In this multi-center retrospective cohort study, we analyzed patient-level information through a record linkage of population-based cancer registry data and administrative claims data. The study population comprised patients aged ≥18 years who received a pathological diagnosis of stage III colon cancer and underwent curative resection between 2010 and 2014 at 36 cancer care hospitals in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Patients were divided into two groups based on age at diagnosis (<75 and ≥75 years). The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models for all-cause mortality with inverse probability weighting of propensity scores. Adjusted hazard ratios were estimated for both age groups. Results: A total of 783 patients were analyzed; 476 (60.8%) were aged <75 years and 307 (39.2%) were aged ≥75 years. The proportion of older patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (36.8%) was substantially lower than that of younger patients (73.3%). In addition, the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was different between the age groups: the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.33-0.94, P=0.027) in younger patients and 1.07 (0.66-1.74, P=0.78) in older patients. Conclusions: The clinical effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients with stage III colon cancer appears limited under current utilization practices.
Safety and use of pulmonary function tests: a retrospective study from a single center over seven years’ clinical practice
Authors: Li Fei , Huang Zhi-wen , Wang Xiao-fei , Xu Huiwen , Yu Hua , Chen Yan-bin , Huang Jian-an , Wang Jia-jia , Lei Wei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background To promote the utilization of pulmonary function tests (PFT) through analyzing the data of PFT during the past seven years in one large teaching hospital in China.Methods Through a retrospective analysis, the allocation of full-time staff in PFT room, the demographic characteristics of patients, cost-effectiveness of PFT, positive rate and failure rate of PFT, adverse events were analyzed.Results 1) From 2012 to 2018, the numbers of PFT showed the trend of escalation year by year. The proportion of patients receiving PFT rose from 29.0/10000 in 2012 to 34.7/10000 in 2018. The best allocation of PFT room was 20-25/ person / day. 2) The number of PFT provided by Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) accounted for 97.2%, 97.1%, 97.3%, 97.8%, 97.8%, 98.0%, and 98.2% of the total cases of outpatient PFT in the same year. The top three departments in the inpatient department were Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, and Department of Urinary Surgery, the total cases of PFT in these three departments accounted for 65.1%, 64.4%, 62.1%, 63.5%, 62.4%, 65.3% and 69.1% of the total cases of inpatient PFT in the same year. 3) Data from 2018 showed that the revenue from PFT was about 3.7 million Chinese Yuan, and that the salary of personnel and expenditure on machine maintenance and wear were about 800,000 Chinese Yuan. 4) 58.2% of the patients who had undergone PFT had ventilatory dysfunction. 5) The average failure rate of PFT in the past seven years was 1.91%. 6) The main adverse events of PFT examination were dizziness, amaurosis, limb numbness, lip numbness and falls. The incidence rates were 0.49%, 0.42%, 0.41%, 0.39%, 0.44%, 0.48%, and 0.45% respectively, with an average of 0.44%.Conclusions The number of PFT showed an upward trend in the past seven years, and the optimal staffing of PFT room was 20-25 cases per person per day. The positive rate of pulmonary dysfunction was 58.2%. The failure rate of PFT and the incidence of adverse events were very low, suggesting it is a simple and safe clinical examination. It's worthy of further popularization and promotion.
Regulatory T cells participate in the recovery of ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Santamaría-Cadavid María , Rodríguez-Castro Emilio , Rodríguez-Yáñez Manuel , Arias-Rivas Susana , López-Dequidt Iria , Pérez-Mato María , Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel , López-Loureiro Ignacio , Hervella Pablo , Campos Francisco , Castillo José , Iglesias-Rey Ramón , Sobrino Tomás 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Recent preclinical studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) play a key role in the immune response after ischemic stroke (IS). However, the role of Treg in human acute IS has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to study the relationship between circulating Treg and outcome in human IS patients.
Methods: A total of 204 IS patients and 22 control subjects were recruited. The main study variable was good functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin scale ≤2) considering infarct volume, Early Neurological Deterioration (END) and risk of infections as secondary variables. The percentage of circulating Treg was measured at admission, 48, 72h and at day 7 after stroke onset.
Results: Circulating Treg levels were higher in IS patients compared to control subjects. Treg at 48h were independently associated with good functional outcome (OR, 3.5; CI: 1.9-7.8) after adjusting by confounding factors. Patients with lower Treg at 48h showed higher frequency of END and risk of infections. In addition, a negative correlation was found between circulating Treg at 48h (r=-0.414) and 72h (r=-0.418) and infarct volume.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that Treg may participate in the recovery of IS patients. Therefore, Treg may be considered a potential therapeutic target in acute ischemic stroke.
Crosslinked hyaluronic acid with liposomes and crocin for management symptoms of dry eye disease caused by moderate meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Sánchez-González José-María , De-Hita-Cantalejo Concepción , Sánchez-González María Carmen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: To study the effect of uncrosslinked and crosslinked hyaluronic acid combined with other artificial tear components in patients with dry eye caused by moderate meibomian gland dysfunction.Method: Prospective, single-blind, contralateral eye study. Fifty eyes were analyzed (25 patients). Eye selection for each tear type was random, and the eye drop formulations Aquoral Forte® (artificial tear A) and Aquoral Lipo® (artificial tear B) were used. The determined dosing schedule was three times a day for six weeks, and the study participants underwent a clinical examination before and 45 days after lubricant treatment. The Schirmer test, tear breakup time (TBUT) test, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were applied before and after instillation period with both types of artificial tears. Results: On the Schirmer test, a significant improvement was obtained with both tear A (p < 0.01) and tear B (p < 0.01). On the TBUT test, a significant improvement was obtained with tear A (p < 0.01) and tear B (p < 0.01). The OSDI score significantly decreased after instillation period with both artificial tear types (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Uncrosslinked hyaluronic acid combined with other components, such as tamarind seed polysaccharide, and crosslinked hyaluronic acid combined with liposomes and crocin are effective for management symptoms of dry eye disease.
Evaluation of choroidal thickness, macular thickness, and aqueous flare after cataract surgery in patients with and without diabetes: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Ikegami Yasuko , Takahashi Miyuki , Amino Kana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background In diabetic eyes, various choroidal abnormalities are noted in addition to changes in the retinal circulation, and the risk of increased aqueous flare and retinal thickening after cataract surgery is higher in diabetic eyes. Inflammation caused by surgery induces breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and affects the retina, although the influence on the choroid is unknown. Several researchers have evaluated the choroidal thickness (CT) after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes; however, the results are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of uneventful small-incision phacoemulsification cataract surgery on the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), the central macular thickness (CMT), and aqueous flare in patients with diabetes.Methods This study included 59 randomly selected eyes (33 eyes of patients with diabetes and 26 eyes of control patients without diabetes) undergoing small-incision cataract surgery. Among the diabetic eyes, 26 were without diabetic retinopathy, and the remaining eyes had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Aqueous flare, CMT, and SCT measurements were performed before and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery.Results The postoperative CMT continued to increase significantly until 3 months in both groups. Although the CMT was more in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes during the follow-up period, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The aqueous flare value increased until 3 months after surgery in both groups. Although the increase was significant at 3 months after surgery in patients with diabetes, the increase in controls was not significant. The aqueous flare values differed significantly between the two groups before and at 3 months after surgery. There was no significant within-group or between-group difference in pre- and postoperative SCT values.Conclusion In diabetic eyes with early stage of retinopathy, even small-incision cataract surgery can induce increased aqueous flare and macular thickening until 3 months, although there is no significant change in the choroidal thickness. Further studies are essential to evaluate choroidal changes after the cataract surgery in diabetic eyes.
Changes in body composition with a hypocaloric diet combined with sedentary, moderate and high-intense physical activity: a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Hernández-Reyes Alberto , Cámara-Martos F. , Molina-Luque R. , Romero-Saldaña M. , Molina-Recio G. , Moreno-Rojas R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background

There is evidence showing the effectiveness of a hypocaloric diet and the increase in physical activity on weight loss. However, the combined role of these factors, not only on weight loss but also body composition, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a hypocaloric diet on the body composition of obese adult women throughout different degrees of physical activity during a weight loss program.

Methods

One hundred and seventeen healthy female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups: a control group with a low-level prescription of physical activity (1-4 METs), moderate physical activity group that performed 10.000 steps walking (5-8 METs) and intense physical activity group that trained exercises by at least 70% of VO2max three times a week (>8 METs). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet designed with a reduction of 500 kcal/day. Nutritional counseling was provided throughout the study period to help ensure dietary adherence.

Results

We found no differences in body weight compared to moderate and intense physical activity (ßstand. = -0.138 vs. ßstand. = -0.139). Body fat was lower in women following an intense activity (ßstand. = -0.436) than those with moderate exercise (ßstand. = -0.231). The high-intense activity also increased muscle mass at the end of the intervention, standing out above the moderate activity (ßstand. = 0.182 vs. ßstand. = 0.008).

Conclusions

These findings indicate that a hypocaloric diet, without prescription of physical activity, is adequate to lose weight in the short term (12 weeks), but physical activity is vital to modify the body composition in women with obesity. Body fat was lower when women practiced a moderate exercise compared to hypocaloric diet only, but an intense physical activity was the most effective protocol to obtain a reduction of body fat and maintain muscle mass.

Trial registration
The study protocol complied with the Declaration of Helsinki for medical studies, it was approved by the bioethical committee of Córdoba University, in the Department of Health at the Regional Government of Andalusia (Act nº284, ref.4156) and retrospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03833791). Registered 2 January 2019