bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating Behavior to Reduce Sedentary Behavior After Stroke: A Nonrandomized Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Kringle Emily A. , Terhorst Lauren , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Campbell Grace , McCue Michael , Skidmore Elizabeth R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Importance: Reducing poststroke sedentary behavior is important for reducing recurrent stroke risk, yet interventions to achieve this are scant.
Objective: To assess the feasibility of, and estimate change in sedentary behavior over time associated with, a behavioral intervention.
Design: Single-arm delayed baseline with postintervention and 8-wk follow-up assessment.
Setting: Community based.
Participants: Ambulatory, community-dwelling people with chronic stroke and reported ≥6 hr daily sitting time (N = 21).
Intervention: Activating Behavior for Lasting Engagement (ABLE) was delivered by an occupational therapist 3×/wk for 4 wk. ABLE involves activity monitoring, activity scheduling, self-assessment, and collaborative problem solving.
Outcomes and Measures: Feasibility (participant safety, adherence, satisfaction, and reliable intervention delivery) was assessed against preestablished benchmarks. Changes over time in sedentary behavior (assessed with an ActivPAL micro3 device) and participation (Stroke Impact Scale–Participation subscale) were described.
Results: ABLE was safe (0 serious adverse events), adhered to (11.95 sessions/participant), and reliably delivered (90.00%–97.50% adherence). Participant satisfaction was unmet (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire–8, M = 28.75, SD = 3.84). ABLE was associated with a mean group reduction in prolonged sitting of 54.95 min (SD = 81.10) at postintervention and 14.08 (SD = 58.95) at follow-up. ABLE was associated with a negligible mean group increase over time in participation at postintervention (M = 1.48%, SD = 8.52) and follow-up (M = 1.33%, SD = 15.38).
Conclusions and Relevance: The ABLE intervention is feasible and may be associated with within-group reduction in sedentary behavior over time. Further refinement is indicated.
What This Article Adds: The ABLE intervention uses engagement in meaningful daily activities to reduce sedentary behavior after stroke. These findings suggest that ABLE can be delivered safely and consistently. Further research is required to enhance participant satisfaction and determine the effects of ABLE on stroke survivors’ sedentary behavior.
Information Rights
Authors: Coppel Philip 
Published: October 2020

Retaining the position it has held since first publication, the fifth edition of this leading practitioner text on information law has been thoroughly re-worked to provide comprehensive coverage of the Data Protection Act 2018 and the GDPR.
Information Rights has been cited by the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal and others, and is used by practitioners, judges and all those who practise in the field. The new edition maintains its style of succinct statements of principle, supported by case law, legislative provisions and statutory guidance.
Reflecting its enlarged scope and to maintain easy referencing, the work has been arranged into two volumes.
The first volume is a 1,250-page commentary, divided into six parts. The first part is an overview and introduction to overarching principles. The second part provides an authoritative treatment of the data protection regime. This covers all four forms of processing (general, applied, law enforcement and security services) under the GDPR and DPA 2018. Each obligation and each right is comprehensively treated, with reference to all known case-law, both domestic and EU, including those dealing with analogous provisions in the previous data protection regime. The third part provides a detailed treatment of the environmental information regime. This recognises the treaty provenance of the regime and its distinct requirements. The fourth part continues to provide the most thorough analysis available of the Freedom of Information Act and its Scottish counterpart. As with earlier editions, every tribunal and court decision has been reviewed and, where required, referenced. The fifth part considers other sources of information rights, including common law rights, local government rights and subject-specific statutory information access regimes (eg health records, court records, audit information etc). The final part deals with practice and procedure, examining appeal and regulatory processes, criminal sanctions and so forth.
The second volume comprises extensive annotated statutory material, including the DPA 2018, the GDPR, FOIA, subordinate legislation, international conventions and statutory guidance.
The law is stated as at 1st February 2020.
Application of the shipborne remote sensing supersite OCEANET for profiling of Arctic aerosols and clouds during Polarstern cruise PS106
Authors: Griesche Hannes J. , Seifert Patric , Ansmann Albert , Baars Holger , Barrientos Velasco Carola , Bühl Johannes , Engelmann Ronny , Radenz Martin , Zhenping Yin , Macke Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. From 25 May to 21 July 2017, the research vessel Polarstern performed the cruise PS106 to the high Arctic in the region north and northeast of Svalbard. The mobile remote-sensing platform OCEANET was deployed aboard Polarstern. Within a single container, OCEANET houses state-of-the-art remote-sensing equipment, including a multiwavelength Raman polarization lidar PollyXT and a 14-channel microwave radiometer HATPRO (Humidity And Temperature PROfiler). For the cruise PS106, the measurements were supplemented by a motion-stabilized 35 GHz cloud radar Mira-35. This paper describes the treatment of technical challenges which were immanent during the deployment of OCEANET in the high Arctic. This includes the description of the motion stabilization of the cloud radar Mira-35 to ensure vertical-pointing observations aboard the moving Polarstern as well as the applied correction of the vessels heave rate to provide valid Doppler velocities. The correction ensured a leveling accuracy of ±0.5∘ during transits through the ice and an ice floe camp. The applied heave correction reduced the signal induced by the vertical movement of the cloud radar in the PSD of the Doppler velocity by a factor of 15. Low-level clouds, in addition, frequently prevented a continuous analysis of cloud conditions from synergies of lidar and radar within Cloudnet, because the technically determined lowest detection height of Mira-35 was 165 m above sea level. To overcome this obstacle, an approach for identification of the cloud presence solely based on data from the near-field receiver of PollyXT at heights from 50 m and 165 m above sea level is presented. We found low-level stratus clouds, which were below the lowest detection range of most automatic ground-based remote-sensing instruments during 25 % of the observation time. We present case studies of aerosol and cloud studies to introduce the capabilities of the data set. In addition, new approaches for ice crystal effective radius and eddy dissipation rates from cloud radar measurements and the retrieval of aerosol optical and microphysical properties from the observations of PollyXT are introduced.
Ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) O3 retrievals from the 3040 cm−1 spectral range at Xianghe, China
Authors: Zhou Minqiang , Wang Pucai , Langerock Bavo , Vigouroux Corinne , Hermans Christian , Kumps Nicolas , Wang Ting , Yang Yang , Ji Denghui , Ran Liang , Zhang Jinqiang , Xuan Yuejian , Chen Hongbin , Posny Françoise , Duflot Valentin , Metzger Jean-Marc , De Mazière Martine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In this study, we present O3 retrievals from ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption measurements between June 2018 and December 2019 at Xianghe, China (39.75∘ N, 116.96∘ E). The FTIR spectrometer at Xianghe is operated with indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) and indium antimonide (InSb) detectors, recording the spectra between 1800 and 11 000 cm−1. As the harmonized FTIR O3 retrieval strategy (Vigouroux et al., 2015) within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) uses the 1000 cm−1 spectral range, we apply the O3 retrieval in the 3040 cm−1 spectral range at Xianghe. The retrieved O3 profile is mainly sensitive to the vertical range between 10 and 40 km, and the degrees of freedom for signal is 2.4±0.3 (1σ), indicating that there are two individual pieces of information in partial columns between the surface and 20 km and between 20 and 40 km. According to the optimal estimation method, the systematic and random uncertainties of the FTIR O3 total columns are about 13.6 % and 1.4 %, respectively. The random uncertainty is consistent with the observed daily standard deviation of the FTIR retrievals. To validate the FTIR O3 total and partial columns, we apply the same O3 retrieval strategy at Maïdo, Réunion (a.k.a. Reunion Island; 21.08∘ N, 55.38∘ E). The FTIR O3 (3040 cm−1) measurements at Xianghe and Maïdo are then compared with the nearby ozonesondes at Beijing (39.81∘ N, 116.47∘ E) and at Gillot (20.89∘ S, 55.53∘ E), respectively, as well as with co-located TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite measurements at both sites. In addition at Maïdo, we compare the FTIR O3 (3040 cm−1) retrievals with the standard NDACC FTIR O3 measurements using the 1000 cm−1 spectral range. It was found that the total columns retrieved from the FTIR O3 3040 cm−1 measurements are underestimated by 5.5 %–9.0 %, which is mainly due to the systematic uncertainty in the partial column between 20 and 40 km (about −10.4 %). The systematic uncertainty in the partial column between surface and 20 km is relatively small (within 2.4 %). By comparison with other measurements, it was found that the FTIR O3 (3040 cm−1) retrievals capture the seasonal and synoptic variations of the O3 total and two partial columns very well. Therefore, the ongoing FTIR measurements at Xianghe can provide useful information on the O3 variations and (in the future) long-term trends.
Risk of crop failure due to compound dry and hot extremes estimated with nested copulas
Authors: Ribeiro Andreia Filipa Silva , Russo Ana , Gouveia Célia Marina , Páscoa Patrícia , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The interaction between co-occurring drought and hot conditions is often particularly damaging to crop's health and may cause crop failure. Climate change exacerbates such risks due to an increase in the intensity and frequency of dry and hot events in many land regions. Hence, here we model the trivariate dependence between spring maximum temperature and spring precipitation and wheat and barley yields over two province regions in Spain with nested copulas. Based on the full trivariate joint distribution, we (i) estimate the impact of compound hot and dry conditions on wheat and barley loss and (ii) estimate the additional impact due to
compound hazards compared to individual hazards. We find that crop loss increases when drought or
heat stress is aggravated to form compound dry and hot conditions and that an increase in the severity of
compound conditions leads to larger damage. For instance, compared to moderate drought only,
moderate compound dry and hot conditions increase the likelihood of crop loss by 8 % to
11 %, while when starting with moderate heat, the increase is between 19 % to 29 %
(depending on the cereal and region). These findings suggest that the likelihood of crop loss is
driven primarily by drought stress rather than by heat stress, suggesting that drought plays the dominant
role in the compound event; that is, drought stress is not required to be as extreme as heat
stress to cause similar damage. Furthermore, when compound dry and hot conditions aggravate stress from
moderate to severe or extreme levels, crop loss probabilities increase 5 % to 6 % and
6 % to 8 %, respectively (depending on the cereal and region). Our results highlight the
additional value of a trivariate approach for estimating the compounding effects of dry and
hot extremes on crop failure risk. Therefore, this approach can effectively contribute to design
management options and guide the decision-making process in agricultural practices.
Quantifying CanESM5 and EAMv1 sensitivities to Mt. Pinatubo volcanic forcing for the CMIP6 historical experiment
Authors: Rieger Landon A. , Cole Jason N. S. , Fyfe John C. , Po-Chedley Stephen , Cameron-Smith Philip J. , Durack Paul J. , Gillett Nathan P. , Tang Qi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Large volcanic eruptions reaching the stratosphere have caused marked perturbations to the global climate including cooling at the Earth's surface, changes in large-scale circulation and precipitation patterns and marked temporary reductions in global ocean heat content.
Many studies have investigated these effects using climate models; however, uncertainties remain in the modelled response to these eruptions.
This is due in part to the diversity of forcing datasets that are used to prescribe the distribution of stratospheric aerosols resulting from these volcanic eruptions, as well as uncertainties in optical property derivations from these datasets.
To improve this situation for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), a two-step process was undertaken.
First, a combined stratospheric aerosol dataset, the Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (GloSSAC; 1979–2016), was constructed.
Next, GloSSAC, along with information from ice cores and Sun photometers, was used to generate aerosol distributions, characteristics and optical properties to construct a more consistent stratospheric aerosol forcing dataset for models participating in CMIP6.
This “version 3” of the stratospheric aerosol forcing has been endorsed for use in all contributing CMIP6 simulations.
Recent updates to the underlying GloSSAC from version 1 to version 1.1 affected the 1991–1994 period and necessitated an update to the stratospheric aerosol forcing from version 3 to version 4.
As version 3 remains the official CMIP6 input, quantification of the impact on radiative forcing and climate is both relevant and timely for interpreting results from experiments such as the CMIP6 historical simulations.
This study uses two models, the Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) and the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1), to estimate
the difference in instantaneous radiative forcing in simulated post-Pinatubo climate response when using version 4 instead of version 3.
Differences in temperature, precipitation and radiative forcings are generally found to be small compared to internal variability.
An exception to this is differences in monthly temperature anomalies near 24 km altitude in the tropics, which can be as large as 3 ∘C following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
A statistical analysis of rogue waves in the southern North Sea
Authors: Teutsch Ina , Weisse Ralf , Moeller Jens , Krueger Oliver 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A new wave data set from the southern North Sea covering the period 2011–2016 and composed of wave buoy and radar measurements sampling the sea surface height at frequencies between 1.28 and 4 Hz was quality controlled and scanned for the presence of rogue waves. Here, rogue waves refer to waves whose height exceeds twice the significant wave height. Rogue wave frequencies were analyzed and compared to Rayleigh and Forristall distributions, and spatial, seasonal, and long-term variability was assessed. Rogue wave frequency appeared to be relatively constant over the course of the year and uncorrelated among the different measurement sites. While data from buoys basically correspond with expectations from the Forristall distribution, radar measurement showed some deviations in the upper tail pointing towards higher rogue wave frequencies. The amount of data available in the upper tail is, however, still too limited to allow a robust assessment. Some indications were found that the distribution of waves in samples with and without rogue waves was different in a statistical sense. However, differences were small and deemed not to be relevant as attempts to use them as a criterion for rogue wave detection were not successful in Monte Carlo experiments based on the available data.
Development of a soil biological quality index for soils of semi-arid tropics
Authors: Aravindh Selvaraj , Chinnadurai Chinnappan , Balachandar Dananjeyan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Agricultural intensification, an inevitable process to feed the ever-increasing population, affects soil quality due to management-induced
changes. To measure the soil quality in terms of soil functioning, several attempts were made to develop a soil quality index (SQI) based on a set
of soil attributes. However, there is no universal consensus protocol available for SQI, and the role of soil biological indicators in SQI is meagre. Therefore, the present work aims to develop a unitless soil biological quality index (SBQI) scaled between 0 and 10, which would be a major
component of SQI in the future. The long-term organic manure amended (OM), integrated nutrient management enforced (INM), synthetic fertilizer
applied (IC), and unfertilized control (control) soils from three different predominant soil types of the location (Tamil Nadu state, India) were chosen for this. The soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, labile carbon, protein index, dehydrogenase activity, and substrate-induced
respiration were used to estimate the SBQI. Five different SBQI methods, viz. simple additive (SBQI1 and SBQI2), scoring function (SBQI3), principal component analysis-based statistical modelling (SBQI4), and quadrant-plot-based method (SBQI5), were developed to estimate the biological quality as a unitless scale. All five methods have the same resolution to discriminate the soils and INM ≈ OM > IC > control is the relative
trend being followed in all the soil types based on the SBQIs. All five methods were further validated for their efficiency in 25 farmers' soils of the location and proved that these methods can scale the biological health of the soil. Among the five SBQIs, we recommend SBQI5, which relates
the variables to each other to scale the biological health of the soil.
The Human Experience of Seafaring in Prehistoric Times
Authors: Krieger Anja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe majority of current research dealing with the maritime world is centered on abstract notions such as trade, networks, connectivity, or the movement of objects. Yet, while these abstractions are useful and necessary, they often tend to neglect the people involved in seafaring activities and their experiences, contributing to the still dominant perception of the open sea as an empty space. This article seeks to address the human maritime experience as an intrinsic part of a seascape by tracing the specific experiences a sailor would have made out at sea. Based on an analysis of archaeological material derived from Late Bronze Age and Archaic shipwrecks from the eastern Mediterranean and incorporating comparative textual sources and iconography the article will attempt to shed light on particular aspects of maritime culture in prehistoric societies that are hard to grasp.
Highland Fortress Complexes and Riverine Borders in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Southwest Georgia
Authors: Robinson Abby , Khaburzania Giorgi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring extensive field surveys by the authors in southwest Georgia, more than 30 megalithic fortress complexes were recorded. A subset is situated at intervals along the ridges of the study region's two major rivers, the Kura and the Paravani; significantly, each complex in this group overlooks a confluence between one of these rivers and a tributary. For anyone entering into the gorges along those tributaries, the fortresses across the rivers—with their walls of massive stones and near-unreachable settings—must have made an impressive sight. In combinations that also included fortresses in the mountains, they appear to have formed borders around arable plateaus. Those borders were reinforced by the wide and fast-flowing Kura and Paravani themselves, representing physical and, arguably, symbolic barriers to crossing up to the highlands. Architecture, the local knowledge of the builders, terrain, and human imagination all combined to form strong borders in this historically much-contested place.
L’évolution récente du concept d’indépendance judiciaire et les menaces internes à la détermination de la peine juste
Authors: Garcia Margarida , Dubé Richard 
Published: October 2020

Comment mesurer l’impact que peuvent avoir sur la détermination de la peine des critères décisionnels formels, proprement juridiques, mais qui s’écartent néanmoins des considérations spécifiquement instituées pour encadrer le choix d’une peine juste et adéquate? Cet article tente de répondre à cette question en problématisant ce que nous avons qualifié de « menaces internes » à l’indépendance judiciaire. Suivant une évolution sémantique récente, le concept d’indépendance judiciaire nous permet ici de considérer non seulement tout ce qui peut menacer, de l’extérieur, l’intégrité des décisions judiciaires, mais aussi tout ce qui peut perturber cette même intégrité institutionnelle de l’intérieur, sous forme de menaces internes. Le texte passe en revue l’évolution du concept dans la jurisprudence canadienne et explore les différentes formes de menaces internes à partir d’entretiens réalisés auprès d’acteurs judiciaires.
Validity of an inertial system for measuring velocity, force, and power during hamstring exercises performed on a flywheel resistance training device
Authors: Martín-San Agustín Rodrigo , Sánchez-Barbadora Mariana , García-Vidal José A. 
Published: October 2020

Background
Inertial hamstring exercises promote functional changes leading to lower rates of hamstring injuries. However, variable training measurement systems have not been specifically validated for hamstring exercises. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the validity of the Inertial Measurement System (IMS) to measure the velocity, force, and power during the performance of different hamstring exercises on a flywheel resistance training device.

Methods
Fifteen males (average age: 22.4 ± 2.5 years; body mass: 77.3 ± 9.8 kg; height: 179.5 ± 7.4 cm; weekly physical activity: 434.0 ± 169.2 min; years of strength training: 4.3 ± 2.2 years) performed the bilateral stiff-leg deadlift (SDL), 45° hip extension (HE), and unilateral straight knee bridge (SKB) in two sessions (familiarization and evaluation) with a 1-week interval between them. The velocity, force, and power (average and peak values) in the concentric and eccentric phases for each of the exercises were recorded simultaneously with IMS and MuscleLab.

Results
Consistency between IMS and MuscleLab was good to excellent for all variables, with r ranges from 0.824 to 0.966 in SDL, from 0.822 to 0.971 in HE, and from 0.806 to 0.969 in SKB. Acceptable levels of agreement between devices were observed in general for all exercises, the “bias” ranging from 1.1% to 13.2%. Although MuscleLab showed higher values than IMS for peak velocity, force and power values, the effect size was only relevant for 5 of the 36 parameters. IMS is a new and valid system to monitor inertial hamstring exercises on a new flywheel device. In this way, IMS could have potential practical applications for any professional or athlete who wants to monitor inertial hamstring exercises.