bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Blockade Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial of Clinical Assessment Alone or With Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Rezaiguia-Delclaux Saïda , Laverdure Florent , Genty Thibaut , Imbert Audrey , Pilorge Catherine , Amaru Priscilla , Sarfati Céline , Stéphan François 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
Whether train-of-four (TOF) monitoring is more effective than clinical monitoring to guide neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unclear. We compared clinical monitoring alone or with TOF monitoring to guide atracurium dosage adjustment with respect to drug dose and respiratory parameters.

METHODS:
From 2015 to 2016, we conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing clinical assessments every 2 hours with or without corrugator supercilii TOF monitoring every 4 hours in patients who developed ARDS (Pao
2/Fio
2 <150 mm Hg) in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit. The primary outcome was the cumulative atracurium dose (mg/kg/h). Secondary outcomes included respiratory parameters during the neuromuscular blockade.

RESULTS:
A total of 38 patients in the clinical + TOF (C + TOF) group and 39 patients in the clinical (C) group were included in an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The cumulative atracurium dose was higher in the C + TOF group (1.06 [0.75–1.30] vs 0.65 [0.60–0.89] mg/kg/h in the C group; P < .001) compared to C group, as well as the atracurium daily dose (C + TOF − C group mean difference = 0.256 mg/kg/h [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.099–0.416], P = .026). Driving pressures during neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) administration did not differ between groups (P = .653). Intensive care unit (ICU) mortality was 22% in the C group and 27% in the C + TOF group (P = .786). Days on ventilation were 17 (8–26) in the C group and 16 (10–35) in the C + TOF group.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with ARDS, adding TOF to clinical monitoring of neuromuscular blockade did not change ICU mortality or days on mechanical ventilation (MV) but did increase atracurium consumption when compared to clinical assessment alone. TOF monitoring may not be needed in all patients who receive neuromuscular blockade for ARDS.
Breathing New Life into Nonalternant Hydrocarbon Chemistry: Syntheses and Properties of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Containing Azulene, Pentalene, and Heptalene Frameworks
Authors: Konishi Akihito , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Azulene 1, pentalene 2, and heptalene 3 are classical nonalternant hydrocarbons. Their fascinating π-frameworks, consecutive arrangements of odd-membered carbocycles, have engaged chemists’ attention for some time. In this review, we describe the salient revivals of these nonalternant hydrocarbons that are incorporated into polycyclic π-systems. Historical landmarks, recent studies, and fundamental properties, as well as potential applications to functional organic materials, are documented.
Curative effect of Omeprazole under different treatment courses in treatment of children with PU and HP infection and its influence on inflammatory factors
Authors: Zhang Shaohui , Zhang Yuan-da , Dong Qing-wei , Gu Fang 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To compare curative effect and safety of omeprazole under different treatment courses in treatment of children with peptic ulcer (PU, diameter ≤1.0cm) and helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and its influence on inflammatory cytokines.
Methods: The study was a randomized controlled study and conducted at Baoding children’s hospital from June 2015 to June 2018. In this study 100 PU children with positive HP were chosen and classified into two groups at random. The 58 cases in the observation group were given omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin, and the antibiotics were not used two weeks later. Then, omeprazole was used to treat for two weeks. 42 cases in the control group were given omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin for two weeks. Curative effect, HP eradication rate, clinical symptoms, incidence of adverse reactions, level of serum inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and level of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in two groups were compared.
Results: Total effective rate, HP eradication rate and clinical symptom relief of observation group were better than those of control group, and the differences showed statistical significance (P<0.05). The differences of two groups in the incidence of adverse reactions had no statistical significance (P<0.05). Serum IL-6 level and TNF-a level of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group and before the treatment, and the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The application of omeprazole in treatment of PU patients with positive HP for four weeks can significantly improve PU cure rate and HP eradication rate, relieve clinical symptoms and reduce inflammatory response, so it deserves to be promoted clinically.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3048
How to cite this:Zhang S, Zhang Y, Dong Q, Gu F. Curative effect of Omeprazole under different treatment courses in treatment of children with PU and HP infection and its influence on inflammatory factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1623-1627. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3048
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
After the pandemic
Authors: Dean E 
Published: September 2020

Surgeons across England are facing huge backlogs of elective surgery due to shutdowns and changes in services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges that need to be overcome to resume surgery safely and tackle long waiting lists, including developing surgical pathways that are clear of COVID, more time needed to allow for personal protective equipment and extra cleaning of facilities and the disruption to surgical training, are discussed. But opportunities and innovations made possible by the extreme circumstances may help solve some of these problems. While COVID-19 has highlighted shortcomings of the healthcare system, Erin Dean investigates the plans for resumption of elective services.
COVID-19: You can teach young dogs new tricks!
Authors: Eley C , Powell-Chandler A , James OP , Kokelaar R , Baumer T 
Published: September 2020

With Newport establishing itself as the early 'hotspot' of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales, rapid expansion of critical care capacity into alternative ward areas was essential. This huge surge in demand saw an urgent need for additional support and with that, four Royal Gwent Hospital higher surgical trainees offered their help amongst other healthcare professionals: gaining some additional critical care experience in return. This (hopefully) unique experience was undoubtedly challenging but made achievable in the team-working environment, crucially caring for patients and each other. Four higher surgical trainees describe their unexpected change of role and sudden immersion into the realm of critical care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Designing and Implementing Sustainability: An Integrative Framework for Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Beyne Jan 
Published: September 2020

Covering various sustainable development challenges, such as education, health, climate change and inequality, the Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs can help to strengthen current business sustainability strategies with global aspirations. A review of sustainability literature and existing SDG frameworks provides the background to develop an integrative framework of SDG implementation in business strategies and operations as a pathway for sustainable transformation. This article offers a preliminary review of the efforts being made by businesses to address the SDGs. The resulting integrative framework highlights four SDG orientation levels that span seven steps of the SDG integration process, leading to sustainable transformation. Keywords: SDGs; sustainable transformation; business strategy; implementation
Cities for People: The Dependency & Impact of Automobile in the Life of City Dwellers
Authors: Okeke Francis O. , Okosun Andy E. , Udeh Clifford A. , Okekeogbu Chukwumezie J. 
Published: September 2020

Just like the plough breaking the grounds, many Nigerian cities have been transformed by the use of automobile. Cars have reshaped public realms and remodelled the nation’s landscape, creating a bizarre unpaved erstwhile versions of centuries ago. The rising dominance of automobile is well revealed by their imprints on the urban land use patterns. However, the invention of the mass-produced automobile was a breakthrough in mobility and comfort; the modern consequences of its heavy use has led to a dramatic increase in accident death rates, the use of fossil fuels, social isolation, community disconnection, obesity, environmental pollution, urban sprawl and urban decay. This research, therefore provides an insight into some of the causes of over-dependence on automobile and its impact on the lives of city dwellers using Achara Layout in Enugu as a case study. The target goal is to proffer solution to remedy this obvious lack of foresight on urban transportation system. Using a descriptive research method that utilizes both primary and secondary data, the study through surveys, x-rayed why the increase in automobile dependence. Furthermore, it reveals that although the use of automobile is advantageous, the consequence of over dependency is far more overwhelming. The research results note that four fundamental policies will address successfully and specifically automobile dependency imposed by local conditions. It concludes that the gross accommodation of urban land to automobile be redressed and the expensive sterility of excessive motorized traffic be eliminated and advocates for an eco-friendly alternative means of city transportation. Keywords: Urban, Automobile Dependency, Planning, City Dwellers, Transportation
Features of Sanitary Legislation in Ukraine in the Mid-20th Century: Historical Overview
Authors: Kazak Rinata , Hotsuliak Svitlana 
Published: September 2020

The paper deals with the determination of main features of sanitary legislation in Ukraine. The designated chronology of research is the latter half of the 20th century as an era of changes in this legal sphere as an answer to the technical and social changes of that time. There were outlined such features as: dynamic, interdisciplinary and preventive character of sanitary legislation with elements of international awareness. It was outlined the extended usage of statistic data and periodicals as specific sources of this sphere. The impact of scientific progress in 60-70th was indicated as one of the affecting features of that time changes in sanitary legislation. It was carried out an extensive analysis of the legislation of Ukraine of the abovementioned period.
Keywords: Sanitary law, legal history, legislation, Ukraine
A Study on Flexible Cluster Units for Refugees Camps
Authors: Ammoun Maamoun , Uzunoğlu Kozan 
Published: September 2020

According to the UNHCR reports in 2017, 65.3 million people are forced to migrate away from their homes. The other dramatic identification is that 22.5 million refugees had to survive in other countries in refugee camps. The shelters that are used in these camps are most of the time temporary shelters which are used during natural disasters (earthquakes, fire, floods, etc.). However, it has been proved that refugees spend minimum 5 years in these camps. Some records mention that 2 generations may spend their lives in these inhumane conditions of camps. All these problems force the review the organization of refugee camps deeply from the architectural point of view. Conceptually, flexibility in architecture basically aims to satisfy physical and psycho-social needs of users. In this study, the design principles of sustainable refugee camps were discussed and flexible design of shelters and clusters considering different family sizes and family needs were developed.
Keywords: Refugee camps; refugees’ needs; modular shelters; flexibility in architecture; refugee shelter clusters
Sustainable Development of Society in the Context of the Transformation of the Legal Framework
Authors: Vilks Andrejs , Kipāne Aldona 
Published: September 2020

The socio-economic processes in the world and in Europe are highly dynamic and are aimed at a sustainable development of society. The sustainable and balanced development of society determines the need for the development of coherent and objectively justified elements of the legal system, including the creation of a new legal framework, the permanent reform of law enforcement authorities, and the use of national and international legal practices in socio-economic activities. At present the sustainable development of society is affected by a new socially unfavourable phenomenon COVID-19 that has a global impact on all regions of the world and almost all spheres of life. International organizations and national institutions must be responsible, courageous and determined in tackling the challenges of the crisis and in building a new generation. The global crisis can be a unique opportunity not only to successfully overcome its consequences, but also to ensure a transition to a fair, climate-neutral and digital sustainable Europe. In this context innovative thinking, successful use of modern technologies, transition to new models of social, economic, political and legal governance are needed. In general, this will contribute to the development of the sustainable society based on a full legal framework. Research aim: to identify the current state of the sustainable development of society, including the impact of COVID-19, by modelling the potential development of it, in accordance with the perspective of transnational socio-economic development. Research methods: study of legal literature and literary sources, the Internet resources, method of modelling, as well as descriptive and analytical methods.
Keywords: COVID-19, sustainable development, crisis, society, the legal framework
Traces of Social Sustainability in Garden Cities- Karlsruhe as a Case Study
Authors: Bagheri Mahsa 
Published: September 2020

Discussions about sustainable communities as a significant measure in social sustainability began in the 2000s. Sustainable communities are defined as places in which existing and future generations would like to work and live. They contribute to the well-being and quality of life and offer equal opportunities to their residents. The definitions are similar to the objectives of one of the most influential movements in the history of urban planning: the Garden City. The principles of the Garden City are applicable to new and existing towns and its concept has been adopted in different contexts until today. Therefore, many lessons can be learnt regarding sustainable urbanism by studying social sustainability in this type of urban settlement. As a first step towards this aim, this paper studies the experience of living in the Garden City of Karlsruhe today. A survey was conducted among the current inhabitants. The study shows a high level of satisfaction and the tendency for a long residency in the Garden City because of the reasons like ample greenery, central location, and quietness of the settlement. The results will be used as the first dataset for developing a framework for urban social sustainability in the Garden Cities.
Keywords: sustainable urbanism, social sustainability, sustainable communities, user satisfaction, Garden Cities
Influencers - Contemporary Authorities of the Young Generation?
Authors: Garwol Katarzyna 
Published: September 2020

Over the past decade computers and smartphones connected to the internet have become widespread, that is why they are now an inseparable element of all ages people's life, especially young people who do not remember the times when such devices were not used. It is commonly used saying that present-day youth "were born with a smartphone in their hands." In the Network young people lead their social life, search for information on various topics and also watch social networking sites, where so-called influencers i.e. network celebrities run their thematic profiles. Content posted by influencers is not always valuable and it happens that they cross the law line and push the boundaries of good taste. An example can be currently popular “patostreams” i.e. live broadcasts, during which behaviors considered as social deviations are presented such as domestic violence, alcohol libations or vulgar discussions. The goal of influencers is to arouse interest in their profile in social media which translates into the number of followers and in turn is supposed to contribute followers’ decisions (e.g. shopping) and opinions on the topics presented. Young people, who have no experience and critical overview and their maturity is just developing, often spend many hours a week in the virtual space watching influencer messages. The article will attempt to answer the questions on how young people approach the content presented by influencers, whether influencers shape followers opinions and decisions in various aspects of life and whether they are authorities to be imitated and trusted.
Keywords: influencer, celebrity, influence, internet, youth
Water Resources Management in Vulnerable Ecosystems: Quiroz River Basin, Piura
Authors: Tostes Marta , Espejo Mirian , Macedo Enrique , Torres Fidel 
Published: September 2020

According to the IPCC (2014), access to water resources is increasingly limited due to the effects of climate change; in consequence, vulnerability of ecosystems and their inhabitants increases. Thus, it is necessary to develop socio-organizational capacities to mitigate and adapt to this scenario, where retribution mechanisms for ecosystem services (MRSE for its Spanish acronym) become more relevant. The research attempts to analyze the coordination among agents involved in sustainable water resources management, to face climate change vulnerability in high biodiversity areas. For this purpose, the implementation of the Quiroz-Chira water fund will be studied as a case that generates institutionalism for sustainability of this mechanism and that represents an important social innovation that can be replicated. The methodology has a descriptive scope and applies qualitative techniques that complement secondary sources systematized with WebQDA software. Results indicate high vulnerability of the analyzed basin districts and a correct governance in this innovation, both with a sustainable development approach oriented to conservation of water potential. This implies good articulation for implementation of the MRSE and promotion of interests’ unification between contributors and water resources retributive entities.
Keywords: Climate change, Sustainable development, Watershed, Governance, Ecosystem services
Impactos ambientais da produção agrícola do tabaco orgânico e convencional no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Priscila , Zappe Ana Letícia , Boethcher Ricardo , Rodriguez Lopez Diosnel Antonio 
Published: September 2020

Foi realizado uma Análise de Ciclo de Vida da produção de tabaco orgânico e convencional no sul do Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar os impactos ambientais associados às etapas de produção de mudas, lavoura, cura e transporte. Os dados utilizados para a caracterização foram obtidos através da aplicação de questionários aos produtores e transportadores e também empregados dados de produção de 12 mil produtores de tabaco, disponibilizados por uma empresa beneficiadora da região. A avaliação dos impactos foi realizada por meio da Análise de Ciclo de Vida. A unidade de referência foi a produção de uma tonelada de tabaco seco. Foram analisadas seis categorias de impacto, sendo Potencial de Aquecimento Global, Acidificação Terrestre, Ecotoxicidade Terrestre Eutrofização da água doce, Uso da terra e Escassez de recursos fósseis. Os resultados conseguiram transparecer as etapas de maior impacto nas duas formas de produção. Na comparação de resultados entre os sistemas de plantio em cada categoria de impacto foi possível verificar que o plantio orgânico apresenta impactos maiores para as categorias de acidificação terrestre, potencial de aquecimento global e uso da terra. Por sua vez, o plantio convencional teve maiores valores totais de impactos para as categorias de potencial de eutrofização da água doce e escassez de recursos fósseis.
Surgical Endoepicardial Linear Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia With Postinfarction Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Authors: Liu Changcheng , Su Zhaoping , Wang Liangshan , Li Bo , Wang Jin , Yu Yang , Gu Chengxiong 
Published: September 2020

This retrospective study evaluated the feasibility of surgical endoepicardial linear ablation for ventricular tachycardia in patients with postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm.
Sixty-four patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and left ventricular aneurysm but no mural thrombosis of the aneurysm or valve disease were treated at our institution from March 2012 through July 2015. All underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and left ventricular aneurysm repair by linear plication. Twenty-three patients (35.9%) had ventricular tachycardia and underwent surgical endoepicardial linear ablation on the beating heart guided by epicardial substrate mapping with the Carto 3 system. The remaining 41 patients (64.1%) composed the no-ablation group. The effectiveness of surgical linear ablation in the ablation group was evaluated. Safety and clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared between the groups.
The ventricular tachycardia recurrence rate in the ablation group was 17.4% in the immediate postoperative period and 23.8% at last follow-up (39 ± 21 mo). Early (<30-d) mortality rates were 8.7% in the ablation group and 4.9% in the no-ablation group (P=0.41); the respective late mortality rates were 19.1% and 18% (P=0.70). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that preoperatively poor left ventricular function was an independent risk factor for early and late death in both groups. The groups were similar in terms of the need for postoperative mechanical circulatory support, intensive care unit stay, and cumulative survival rate.
We conclude that, for carefully selected candidates, surgical endoepicardial linear ablation combined with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and left ventricular aneurysm linear plication is a feasible treatment for ventricular tachycardia with postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm.