bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Form and meaning in the development of verbal polysemy
Authors: Melis Chantal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The question of how form and meaning interact in
processes of change is of particular significance to historical linguists.
Most commonly, innovations in meaning are assumed to lead the way, with
changes at the formal level following as a consequence. By contrast, the
possibility of a formal change being responsible for the emergence of a new
meaning is seldom envisaged. The present paper explores these issues in
relation to the polysemous Spanish motion verb alcanzar ‘to
reach’, which in the course of time developed the new senses ‘to understand’
and ‘to be sufficient’. The diachronic analysis of the two developments
brings into view a meaning-to-form change in the first case but suggests a
form-to-meaning path in the second case.
In substance, they came from above
Authors: Pons Rodríguez Lola 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a study on discourse particles in
the history of the Spanish language. The research focuses on explaining the
socio-cultural context which led to the appearance of some particles by
means other than those contemplated in the theory of grammaticalization. By
monitoring the history of the discourse particle en
sustancia we explain how many of the changes undergone in the
Spanish language in the plane of textual construction came from above, were
taken directly from the medieval Latin of books and inserted into
communicative distance texts, subsequently spreading to become standard.
Grammaticalization of en vías de
Authors: Provencio Garrigós Herminia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim sought with this research is to show the process of
grammaticalization experienced by the prepositional locution en vías
de, originated in the prepositional phrase en vía
de. The study was carried out through work with diachronic and
synchronic corpora which provides evidence that the history of the
linguistic change occurred in en vías de has a
multidimensional nature, since semantic-pragmatic, morphological, syntactic
and textual factors linked by the concepts of ‘process,’ ‘progression,’ and
‘development’ interact in it. The analysis shows that four aspects impact
directly on the linguistic innovation of en vías de:
semantic change, which revolves around the prototypical and marginal
meanings of the Latin noun vĭa; the diachronic diffusion of
the prepositional locution and the contexts that it selects between the 14th
and 21st centuries, which favor the routinization of prototypical
collocational structures; the degree of morphological, syntactic and
lexical-diatopical fixation; and finally, the texts where the prepositional
locution originated and became widespread and the topics they deal with.
Coupling between phase transitions and glassy magnetic behaviour in Heusler alloy Ni50Mn34In8Ga8
Authors: Zhang Le , Lou Xiaojie , Zhou Chao , Yang Sen , Ren Xiaobing , Wang Danyang , Carpenter Michael A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The transition sequence in the Heusler alloy Ni50Mn34In8Ga8 has been determined from measurements of elasticity, heat flow and magnetism to be paramagnetic austenite → paramagnetic martensite → ferromagnetic martensite at ∼335 and ∼260 K, respectively, during cooling. The overall pattern of elastic stiffening/softening and acoustic loss is typical of a system with bilinear coupling between symmetry breaking strain and the driving structural/electronic order parameter, and a temperature interval below the transition point in which ferroelastic twin walls remain mobile under the influence of external stress. Divergence between zero-field-cooling and field-cooling determinations of DC magnetisation below ∼220 K indicates that a frustrated magnetic glass develops in the ferromagnetic martensite. An AC magnetic anomaly which shows Vogel–Fulcher dynamics in the vicinity of ∼160 K is evidence of a further glassy freezing process. This coincides with an acoustic loss peak and slight elastic stiffening that is typical of the outcome of freezing of ferroelastic twin walls. The results suggest that local strain variations associated with the ferroelastic twin walls couple with local moments to induce glassy magnetic behaviour.
Facile fabrication and electrochemical oxidation of activated carbon microtube bundles for advanced all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Bao Jinpeng , Lu Haiyan , Pei Dongyu , Liang Chen , Chen Yang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The energy density of carbon microtube bundles (CMTBs) is usually low and the preparation process is complex. After carbonization, washing and activation, the prepared metaplexis shell-based carbon microtube bundles (MS-CMTBs) not only have an open structure, but also a rich porous structure on the tube wall. The pulsed electrooxidation technology can promote the formation of functional groups on the tube wall and further enhance the energy density of the material. After assembling the electrooxidized material into an all-solid-state supercapacitor, the capacitor has a capacity of 15.1 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 95.9% after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1, indicating that these functional groups are relatively stable. The result shows that the MS-CMTBs before pulsed electrooxidation are more suitable as positive electrode materials, while the electrooxidized material can be either a positive or negative electrode material. This work provides an idea for the design and development of electrode materials in high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitors.
Electromechanically active polymer actuators based on biofriendly choline ionic liquids
Authors: Elhi Fred , Priks Hans , Rinne Pille , Kaldalu Niilo , Žusinaite Eva , Johanson Urmas , Aabloo Alvo , Tamm Tarmo , Põhako-Esko Kaija 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Smart and soft electroactive polymer actuators have many beneficial properties, making them attractive for biomimetic and biomedical applications. However, the selection of components to fabricate biofriendly composites has been limited. Although biofriendly options for electrodes and membranes are available, the conventional ionic liquids (ILs) often used as the electrolytes in the actuators have been considered toxic in varying degrees. Here we present a smart electroactive composite with carefully designed and selected components that have shown low toxicity and a biofriendly nature. In the present study, polypyrrole-PVdF trilayer actuators using six different choline ILs were prepared and characterized. Choline ILs have shown promise in applications where low environmental and biological impact is critical. Despite this, the anions in ILs have a strong impact on toxicity. To evaluate how the anions effect the bioactivity of the ILs used to prepare the actuators, the ILs were tested on different microbial cultures (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1) and HeLa cells. All of the selected choline ILs showed minimal toxic effects even at high concentrations. Electro-chemo-mechanical characterization of the actuators indicated that polypyrrole-PVdF actuators with choline ILs are viable candidates for soft robotic applications. From the tested ILs, choline acetate showed the highest strain difference and outperformed the reference system containing an imidazolium-based IL.
A facile approach to fabricate two-way shape memory polyurethane with large reversible strain and high shape stability
Authors: Wang Tianjiao , Liu Yayun , Zhao Jun , Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Because of their unique properties, shape memory polymers (SMPs) have the potential to be used in various fields and are becoming one of the most desired shape memory materials. At present, it is generally complicated to prepare the two-way shape memory polymers (2W-SMPs) with both large reversible strain and high shape stability, which has hindered the real applications. By elaborately selecting poly(ε-caprolactone) diols (PCL-2OH) and poly(ε-caprolactone) triols (PCL-3OH) as prepolymers, a facile one-step method is employed to prepare two-way shape memory polyurethane (2W-SMPU). For this kind of SMPU, the reversible strain is found to be closely related to both the mass ratio of PCL-2OH to PCL-3OH and the initial applied stress. In this work, the smart devices of temperature-controlled lamp and gripper based on 2W-SMPU are designed and fabricated to show its two-way shape memory effect (2W-SME). The results show that its largest reversible strain can be as high as 21.3%. Moreover, it can lift up 150 times of its own weight and keep an almost constant reversible strain under a temperature-induced actuation within 50 consecutive cycles. Such 2W-SMPU materials could have lots of real applications.
Squeezing-enhanced quantum key distribution over atmospheric channels
Authors: Derkach Ivan , Usenko Vladyslav C , Filip Radim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We propose the Gaussian continuous-variable quantum key distribution using squeezed states in the composite channels including atmospheric propagation with transmittance fluctuations. We show that adjustments of signal modulation and use of optimal feasible squeezing can be sufficient to significantly overcome the coherent-state protocol and drastically improve the performance of quantum key distribution in atmospheric channels, also in the presence of additional attenuating and noisy channels. Furthermore, we consider examples of atmospheric links of different lengths, and show that optimization of both squeezing and modulation is crucial for reduction of protocol downtime and increase of secure atmospheric channel distance. Our results demonstrate unexpected advantage of fragile squeezed states of light in the free-space quantum key distribution applicable in daylight and stable against atmospheric turbulence.
Capillary assembly of colloidal particles on patterned surfaces
Authors: Zhou Mo , Liu Yanan , Zhang Peixin , Miao Yuting , Luo Hao , Jing Guangyin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Capillary attraction at the meniscus between tiny objects plays a crucial role in self-assembly processes. The shape of the meniscus governed by the Laplace equation devotes to a long-range attraction distinct to the DLVO defined forces. Rather than considering trapped particles on ideal smooth surfaces, we use patterned substrates with ordered nano-arrays for theoretical modeling toward the capillary assembly. The vertical elevation of particles is found to change the shape of the meniscus between particles, therefore the interaction energy and capillary force. A minimal model is developed to determine the capillary force between particles and thus the motility of particles, therefore the criterion of the crystallization of colloidal particles. It turns out that the formation of a colloidal crystal or amorphous medium depends on the optimization between the scaled particle separation by its size and the geometrical design of the supporting nano-arrays. Finally, we experimentally confirmed the capillary assembly from colloidal suspensions, by playing the control parameters defined in our theoretical model, with a nice agreement. This model system can mimic the practical applications of nano-structure fabrication on versatile real surfaces for functionality purposes.
Links between green space and public health: a bibliometric review of global research trends and future prospects from 1901 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Jinguang , Yu Zhaowu , Zhao Bing , Sun Ranhao , Vejre Henrik 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Considerable specific cross-sectional and review studies have linked exposure to green spaces to improving public health, but there is no bibliometric review attempting to systemically and retrospectively analyze these existing articles. Here we aim to uncover global research status, trends, and future prospects in green spaces and health (G-H) research then propose a framework for the underlying mechanisms and pathways that link green space to public health. We obtained 18 961 G-H research publications from the core Web of Science collection from 1901 to 2019, analyzing the characteristics of publication outputs, key scientific disciplines, and differences in performance between countries and institutions. Besides, content analysis was conducted to analyze the keywords, including keyword co-occurrence analysis and keyword clustering analysis. We found: (1) a steady quantitative increase in publications, active journals, and involved countries and institutions since the 1990s; (2) a signiﬁcant increase and changes in G-H related interdisciplinary categories, with environment-related disciplines becoming the mainstream; (3) research focus and trends that were identified based on the analysis of high-frequency co-occurring keywords; (4) three main knowledge domains, namely, green spaces and physical health, mental health, and ecosystem health, that were identified and visualized based on keyword clustering analysis; (5) a framework of underlying mechanisms and pathways linking green space to public health that is proposed based on visualization of the three main knowledge domains. We suggest that the main challenge of G-H research is to further clarify in-depth the underlying mechanisms and pathways from multiple perspectives, including multiple nations, disciplines, and study designs. The lack of co-occurring keywords and clustering information related to social well-being suggests that research related to ‘social health’ is lacking. Based on a clear understanding of the quantity, quality, and characteristics of green space for public health, a health-based environmental plan should be proposed in the future.
Effects of hydrostatic pressure on an L1 and L3 cavity of a photonic slab
Authors: Segovia-Chaves Francis , Vinck-Posada Herbert 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this work, we used the guided-mode expansion method to calculate the photonic band dispersion in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs. The photonic lattice is hexagonal, composed of air holes with a circular cross-section. The slab is made of a semiconductor material (GaAs) with a dielectric function dependent on pressure and temperature. By maintaining the constant temperature, we found a shift in the photonic band dispersion towards regions of larger frequencies when the hydrostatic pressure increased. Moreover, we consider the effects of pressure on defective modes in cavities L1 and L3. The results reveal that by increasing the pressure, the position of the defective modes manages to tune for the photonic gap. Additionally, we found a decrease in the Q-factor for the L1 cavity when the pressure increases. However, for the L3 cavity, the Q-factor exhibits a non-monotonous behavior by increasing the pressure.
Dynamic statistical model for predicting the risk of death among older Chinese people, using longitudinal repeated measures of the frailty index: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Qi , Tang Bihan , Zhai Yinghong , Chen Yuqi , Jin Zhichao , Han Hedong , Gao Yongqing , Wu Cheng , Chen Tao , He Jia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Frailty is a common characteristic of older people with the ageing process. We aimed to develop and validate a dynamic statistical prediction model to calculate the risk of death in people aged ≥65 years, using a longitudinal frailty index (FI).

Methods
One training dataset and three validation datasets from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were used in our study. The training dataset and validation datasets 1 to 3 included data from 9,748, 7,459, 9,093 and 6,368 individuals, respectively. We used 35 health deficits to construct the FI and a longitudinal FI based on repeated measurement of FI at every wave of the CLHLS. A joint model was used to build a dynamic prediction model considering both baseline covariates and the longitudinal FI. Areas under time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and calibration curves were employed to assess the predictive performance of the model.

Results
A linear mixed-effects model used time, sex, residence (city, town, or rural), living alone, smoking and alcohol consumption to calculate a subject-specific longitudinal FI. The dynamic prediction model was built using the longitudinal FI, age, residence, sex and an FI–age interaction term. The AUCs ranged from 0.64 to 0.84, and both the AUCs and the calibration curves showed good predictive ability.

Conclusions
We developed a dynamic prediction model that was able to update predictions of the risk of death as updated measurements of FI became available. This model could be used to estimate the risk of death in individuals aged &gt;65 years.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment in the emergency department
Authors: Harding Siobhan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCompleting comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGA) for frail patients admitted to acute hospitals has well-established benefits and is advocated by national guidelines. There is high-quality evidence demonstrating an association between inpatient CGAs and the patient being alive and community-dwelling at 12-month follow-up. However, less well-known is the effectiveness of CGAs conducted within the emergency department (ED), with the primary purpose of facilitating admission avoidance, on reducing 30-day reattendance or readmission. This commentary provides an overview of five studies that measure the impact of conducting an ED-CGA on subsequent secondary care attendance. Two randomised-controlled trials, one case-matched cohort study and two quasi-experimental pre- and post-intervention studies were reviewed.The studies reported variable success in preventing subsequent secondary care use. No studies meeting the criteria had been conducted within the UK, affecting generalisability of the findings.There is no clear evidence that conducting a CGA within ED reduced reattendances or admissions 30 days post-discharge. The existing evidence base is methodologically and clinically heterogeneous and is vulnerable to multiple sources of bias. Further research is needed to understand whether screening to identify target populations or whether increased intensity of interventions delivered improves outcomes. ED-CGA may not have a beneficial effect on cost improvement or service delivery metrics, but it may have positive outcomes that are of high importance to the patients. This warrants further study.
Is the Brain an Early or Late Component of Essential Hypertension?
Authors: Jennings John Richard , Muldoon Matthew F , Sved Alan F 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe brain’s relationship to essential hypertension is primarily understood to be that of an end-organ, damaged late in life by stroke or dementia. Emerging evidence, however, shows that heightened blood pressure (BP) early in life and prior to traditionally defined hypertension, relates to altered brain structure, cerebrovascular function, and cognitive processing. Deficits in cognitive function, cerebral blood flow responsivity, volumes of brain areas, and white matter integrity all relate to increased but prehypertensive levels of BP. Such relationships may be observed as early as childhood. In this review, we consider the basis of these relationships by examining the emergence of putative causative factors for hypertension that would impact or involve brain function/structure, e.g., sympathetic nervous system activation and related endocrine and inflammatory activation. Currently, however, available evidence is not sufficient to fully explain the specific pattern of brain deficits related to heightened BP. Despite this uncertainty, the evidence reviewed suggests the value that early intervention may have, not only for reducing BP, but also for maintaining brain function.
Blood Pressure and Renal Progression in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yun Donghwan , Choi Yunhee , Lee Seung-Pyo , Park Kyung Woo , Koo Bon-Kwon , Kim Hyo-Soo , Kim Dong Ki , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Han Seung Seok 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh blood pressure (BP) may impair renal function following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the predictability of renal progression based on admission and discharge BP and BP threshold values remains unclear.METHODSA total of 8,176 adult patients who underwent PCI at Seoul National University Hospital from 2006 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Renal progression was defined as a doubling of serum creatinine levels, ≥50% decrease of the estimated glomerular filtration rate, or development of end-stage renal disease. The risk of renal progression according to admission BP (any time) and discharge BP (8:00–10:00 am) was evaluated by multivariable Cox and additive generalized models with penalized splines.RESULTSDuring a median follow-up of 7 years (maximum: 13 years), 9.3% of patients (n = 758) reached renal progression. BP between admission and discharge showed a low correlation, and all BP parameters showed a nonlinear relationship with renal progression. Systolic BP at discharge (SBPd) was selected as the best predictor of renal progression because the delta for the Akaike information criterion from the baseline model to the model with BP parameters was the lowest. The risk of renal progression started to increase at SBPd ≥ 125 mm Hg. This increasing risk of renal progression with SBPd ≥ 125 mm Hg remained significant, despite adjusting for the competing risk of all-cause death.CONCLUSIONSHigh SBPd is associated with renal progression following PCI, particularly when it is ≥125 mm Hg. This can be used as a risk classification and potential target of renoprotective therapies.
Estimating diversity in networked ecological communities
Authors: Willis Amy D , Martin Bryan D 
Published: March 2020

SummaryComparing ecological communities across environmental gradients can be challenging, especially when the number of different taxonomic groups in the communities is large. In this setting, community-level summaries called diversity indices are widely used to detect changes in the community ecology. However, estimation of diversity indices has received relatively little attention from the statistical community. The most common estimates of diversity are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of a multinomial model, even though the multinomial model implies strict assumptions about the sampling mechanism. In particular, the multinomial model prohibits ecological networks, where taxa positively and negatively co-occur. In this article, we leverage models from the compositional data literature that explicitly account for co-occurrence networks and use them to estimate diversity. Instead of proposing new diversity indices, we estimate popular diversity indices under these models. While the methodology is general, we illustrate the approach for the estimation of the Shannon, Simpson, Bray–Curtis, and Euclidean diversity indices. We contrast our method to multinomial, low-rank, and nonparametric methods for estimating diversity indices. Under simulation, we find that the greatest gains of the method are in strongly networked communities with many taxa. Therefore, to illustrate the method, we analyze the microbiome of seafloor basalts based on a 16S amplicon sequencing dataset with 1425 taxa and 12 communities.