bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass yields, cytogenetics, fertility, and compositional analyses of novel bioenergy grass hybrids (Tripidium spp.)
Authors: Maren Nathan A. , Touchell Darren H. , Ranney Thomas G. , Ashrafi Hamid , Whitfield Matthew B. , Chinn Mari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh biomass yields have been documented for Tripidium spp. (Erianthus spp., Saccharum spp.), but targeted breeding for bioenergy applications has been limited. Advanced, interspecific hybrids between Tripidium ravennae and T. arundinaceum were planted in replicated field plots in 2016. Comparative feedstock evaluations examined biomass yields, cytogenetics, plant fertility, and compositional analyses relative to Miscanthus × giganteus. Dry biomass yields varied as a function of year and accession and increased each year ranging from 3.4 to 10.6, 8.6 to 37.3, and 23.7 to 60.6 Mg/ha for Tripidium hybrids compared to 2.3, 16.2 and 27.9 Mg/ha for M. × giganteus in 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. Cytology and cytometry confirmed that Tripidium hybrids were tetraploid with 2n = 4x = 40 (2C genome size = 5.06 pg) and intermediate between T. ravennae with 2n = 2x = 20 (2C genome size = 2.55 pg) and T. arundinaceum with 2n = 6x = 60 (2C genome size = 7.61 pg). Plant fertility characteristics varied considerably with some accessions producing no viable seeds or fewer than that observed for M. × giganteus. Accessions varied significantly for flowering culm number and height and dates of peak anthesis ranging from 14 September to 2 October. Variations in yield and compositional analyses contributed to variations in theoretical ethanol yields ranging from 10,181 to 27,546 L/ha for Tripidium accessions compared to 13,095 L/ha for M. × giganteus. Relative feed value (RFV) indices for winter‐harvested Tripidium accessions varied from 52.8 to 60.0 compared to M. × giganteus with 45.4. RFV for summer‐harvested Tripidium accessions varied from 71.6 to 80.5 compared to M. × giganteus with 61.0. These initial findings for Tripidium hybrids, including high biomass yields, cold hardiness, and desirable traits for multiple markets (e.g., forage, bioenergy, bioproducts), are promising and warrant further development of Tripidium as a temperate bioenergy feedstock.
Evidence of Spatio‐Temporal Variations in Contaminants Discharging to a Peri‐Urban Stream
Authors: Lemaire Gregory G. , McKnight Ursula S. , Schulz Hanna , Roost Sandra , Bjerg Poul L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractXenobiotic organic compounds can be discharged from contaminated groundwater inflow and may seep into streams from multiple pathways with very different dynamics, some not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the spatio‐temporal variation of chlorinated ethenes discharging from a former industrial site (with two main contaminant sources, A and B) into a stream system in a heterogeneous clay till setting in eastern Denmark. The investigated reach and near‐stream surroundings are representative of peri‐urban settings, with a mix of high channel alteration and more natural stream environment. We therefore propose an approach for risk assessing impacts arising from such complex contamination patterns, accounting for potential spatio‐temporal fluctuations and presence of multiple pathways. Our study revealed substantial variations in pathway contributions and overall contaminant mass discharge to the stream. Variable contaminant contributions arising from both groundwater seepage and urban drains were identified in the channelized part of the north stream, primarily from source A. Furthermore, variations in the hyporheic and shallow groundwater flows were found to enhance contaminant transport from source B. These processes result in an increase of the overall mass of contaminant discharged, correlating with the channels' flow. Thus, an in‐stream control plane approach was found to be an effective method for integrating multiple and variable discharge contributions quantitatively, although information on specific contaminant sources is lost. This study highlights the complexity and variability of contaminant fluxes occurring at the interface between groundwater and peri‐urban streams, and calls for the consideration of these variations when designing monitoring programs and remedial actions for contaminated sites with the potential to impact streams.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: tumour regression grading following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX and radiation
Authors: Neyaz Azfar , Tabb Elisabeth S , Shih Angela , Zhao Qing , Shroff Stuti , Taylor Martin S , Rickelt Steffen , Wo Jennifer Y , Fernandez-del Castillo Carlos , Qadan Motaz , Hong Theodore S , Lillemoe Keith D , Ting David T , Ferrone Cristina R , Deshpande Vikram 
Published: February 2020

AimsIn the adjuvant setting, when compared to gemcitabine, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with FOLFIRINOX (Folinic Acid, Fluorouracil, Irinotecan, and Oxaliplatin) show superior survival. In this study, we quantitatively assess the pathological tumour response to chemoradiation in pancreatectomy specimens and reassess guidelines for tumour regression grading.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 92 patients with borderline resectable/locally advanced PDAC following pancreatectomy and neoadjuvant treatment with FOLFIRINOX and radiation. Demographic data, CAP tumour regression grade (TRG) and overall survival (OS) were recorded. A quantitative analysis of residual tumour was performed on the slide with the highest tumour burden to derive a tumour‐to‐tumour bed ratio. On univariate analysis, only lymph node status (P = 0.043) and CAP TRG (P = 0.038) correlated with OS. Sixteen per cent of patients showed a complete pathological response. The optimal tumour‐to‐tumour bed ratio cut‐point was 11.6%, and on a multivariate model was the only pathological parameter that correlated with OS (P = 0.016) (hazard ratio = 2.27).ConclusionsThe high proportion of patients with PDAC showing complete and near‐complete pathological responses supports the use of FOLFIRINOX and radiation in the neoadjuvant setting. Several traditional pathology parameters fail to predict OS in patients treated with chemoradiation, while a quantitative tumour‐to‐tumour bed ratio is a powerful predictor of OS. The data support a two‐tiered approach to TRG based on tumour‐to‐tumour bed ratio, and quantitative analysis merits further consideration.
Seismic subsidence near the source region of the 1662 Kanbun Hyuganada Sea earthquake: Geochemical, stratigraphical, chronological, and paleontological evidences in Miyazaki Plain, southwest Japan
Authors: Niwa Masakazu , Kamataki Takanobu , Kurosawa Hideki , Saito‐Kokubu Yoko , Ikuta Masafumi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo identify the subsidence induced by an offshore earthquake, chemical compositions, fossil assemblages, and radiocarbon ages of organic materials were analyzed for Holocene sediments in the Miyazaki Plain, southwest Japan. The lower sedimentary facies (SF1) composed of sand‐ and pumice‐rich sediments and the upper sedimentary facies (SF2) composed of silt‐rich sediments were identified by stratigraphical description. Sharp facies changes and sediment disturbances are observed in the boundary between SF1 and SF2. Diatoms of brackish and marine water origins, foraminifers, ostracods, and mollusks are common in SF2, while fossils are rare, and most of them are diatoms of freshwater origins in SF1. The stratigraphical and paleontological evidences suggest an environmental change from the lower terrestrial to the upper shallow marine. The change is laterally continuous and seems to be inconsistent with Holocene uplift trends in the Miyazaki Plain. Radiocarbon ages of organic matters and the occurrence of the Sakurajima–Bunmei tephra (1471–1476 ad) show that the environmental change could be attributed to local subsidence due to the 1662 Kanbun Hyuganada Sea earthquake shown in historical records. The chemical analysis shows clear contrast between SF1 and SF2 in terms of concentrations of cations and anions commonly rich in seawater (i.e. Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, and SO42−) in adsorbed water extracted from the sediments, and total S concentrations in bulk sediments, supporting the environmental change from terrestrial to shallow marine. However, the bulk chemical composition, except total sulfur, remains rather unclear for use as marine‐derived chemical markers compared to the adsorbed water, because it is more affected by the composition of the source sediments.
Simultaneous accommodation of Dy3+ at the lattice site of β‐Ca3(PO4)2 and t‐ZrO2 mixtures: Structural stability, mechanical, optical, and magnetic features
Authors: Nandha Kumar Ponnusamy , Subramanian Shangavi , Vijayalakshmi Uthirapathy , Kannan Sanjeevi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStructurally stable β‐Ca3(PO4)2/t‐ZrO2 composite mixtures with the aid of Dy3+ stabilizer were accomplished at 1500°C. The precursors comprising Ca2+, P5+, Zr4+, and Dy3+ have been varied to obtain five different combinations. The results revealed the fact that complete phase transformation of calcium‐deficient apatite to β‐Ca3(PO4)2 occurred only at 1300°C, whereas the evidence of t‐ZrO2 crystallization is obvious at 900°C. The dual occupancy of Dy3+ at β‐Ca3(PO4)2 and t‐ZrO2 structures was evident; however, Dy3+ initially prefers to occupy β‐Ca3(PO4)2 lattice until its saturation limit and thereafter accommodates at the lattice site of ZrO2. The typical absorption and emission behavior of Dy3+ were noticed in all the systems and, moreover, the surrounding symmetry of Dy3+ domains has been determined from the luminescence study. All the systems ensured paramagnetic response that is generally contributed by the presence of Dy3+. A gradual increment in the phase content of t‐ZrO2 in the composite mixtures ensured a significant improvement in the hardness and Young's modulus of the investigated compositions.
Association of glucose tolerance status with pancreatic β‐ and α‐cell mass in community‐based autopsy samples of Japanese individuals: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Inaishi Jun , Saisho Yoshifumi , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Yoshida Daigo , Hata Jun , Mukai Naoko , Watanabe Yuusuke , Oda Yoshinao , Itoh Hiroshi , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionChanges in histologically quantified β‐ and α‐cell mass during the development of glucose intolerance have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore differences in β‐ and α‐cell mass according to the glucose tolerance status.Materials and MethodsAutopsy samples from a total of 103 individuals (40 with normal glucose tolerance, 31 with prediabetes and 32 with type 2 diabetes mellitus) who underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test within 5 years before death were selected from 643 community‐based autopsy samples collected from 2002 to 2016. Fractional β‐cell area (BCA) and α‐cell area were quantified with Image Pro Plus software. Associations of BCA and α‐cell area with glucose tolerance status were assessed using a linear regression analysis, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients between glycemic markers and β‐cell function were estimated.ResultsThe mean values of BCA decreased significantly with worsening glucose tolerance status (mean ± standard error 1.85 ± 0.10% in normal glucose tolerance, 1.59 ± 0.11% in prediabetes and 1.17 ± 0.11% in type 2 diabetes mellitus, P for trend < 0.001), whereas there was no significant association between α‐cell area and glucose tolerance status. BCA was inversely correlated with fasting and 2‐h plasma glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test and glycated hemoglobin measurement, and positively correlated with disposition index (all P < 0.01).Conclusionsβ‐Cell mass decreased significantly with worsening glucose tolerance, from the stage of prediabetes, in the Japanese population. Prevention of declining β‐cell mass before the onset of glucose intolerance is important to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Apocrine glands are bystanders in hidradenitis suppurativa and their involvement is gender specific
Authors: Zouboulis C.C. , Nogueira da Costa A. , Fimmel S. , Zouboulis K.C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundApocrine glands have been long considered as the initial targeted skin compartment in hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS).ObjectiveDetection of apocrine gland involvement in HS.MethodsApocrine glands were isolated from skin biopsies of involved and uninvolved skin of HS patients (n = 16, females : males 1 : 1) by laser capture microscopy and studied by whole transcriptome profiling. Dysregulated genes were detected by comparing lesional and non‐lesional skin obtained from female and male HS patients using the Agilent array platform.ResultsSULF1 was the only gene, whose expression levels were found upregulated in apocrine glands of HS lesions of the entire group. Further dysregulated genes associated with vascular functions (FGF1, IL17D and S100A9) were detected. Genes, which are characteristic for glandular epithelia, confirmed the glandular origin of the studied tissue. The gene upregulation profile of female apocrine glands included several genes (MRO, DYRK3, SDK2, GLB1L, CATSPERB and PRPS2), which are specifically transcribed during testis differentiation and/or regulated by androgens. Genes related to lipid metabolism (AGPAT3, GAL, ELOVL3, THRSP, DGAT2L3, OLAH, THRSP, FADS1, NR2F2, FADS2, PTGDS and HAO2) were mostly downregulated in the apocrine glands of male patients. The levels of RECK and PCSK5, which are upstream genes of metalloproteinase‐9 and ‐1, and of S100A9, which encodes calgranulin B, were commonly increased in the apocrine glands of female and male patients, respectively, and in our previous whole skin study.ConclusionOur findings indicate that apocrine glands are bystanders in HS. Inflammatory signalling is not prominent but a gender‐specific response was detected, which is mostly associated with androgen‐responsive genes in females and alterations of lipid metabolism in males.
Laminate veneers: Preplanning and treatment using digital guided tooth preparation
Authors: Silva Bruno Pereira da , Stanley Kyle , Gardee Jameel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe ability to control the reduction of tooth structure in a precise and measurable way during the preparation of ceramic veneers is a clinical challenge. The objective of this article is to introduce a new digital technology that can be used to address this challenge showing its advantages and limitations. First Fit is a digitally guided tooth preparation system that can be used to control the accurate and efficient preparation of teeth. In some cases, the system can be used to prepare the teeth for previously made restorations based on planned digital reduction.Clinical considerationsThe First Fit system uses 3D‐printed guides and a specially designed handpiece for guided veneer preparation using either a one‐step or a two‐step approach. In the one‐step approach, final restorations are produced prior to preparation of the teeth using reduction guides, and veneers are cemented on the same day as preparation. The two‐step approach includes a preparation phase during which the teeth are prepared using a combination of the reduction guides and free hand techniques. Cementation is then completed at a second appointment.ConclusionThe First Fit system controls and guides veneer preparation with a minimally invasive approach. In some cases, it enables the production of veneers before tooth preparation, alleviating the need for provisional restorations.Clinical significanceThe guided restorative dentistry technique described here utilizes digital CAD‐CAM technology to achieve predictable and accurate results in a minimally invasive and efficient manner.
Predation avoidance and foraging efficiency contribute to mixed‐species shoaling by tropical and temperate fishes
Authors: Paijmans Kai C. , Booth David J. , Wong Marian Y. L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe formation of mixed‐species social groups, whereby heterospecifics form and maintain either transient or stable groups with each other, can confer substantial fitness benefits to individuals. Such benefits may arise via multiple mechanisms associated with both predation avoidance and foraging efficiency. In fishes, mixed‐species shoaling reportedly occurs where displaced tropical species (known as “vagrants”) interact with resident temperate species, although little is known about the nature and frequency of such interactions. To investigate this phenomenon, we used displaced tropical Indo‐pacific Sergeant Abudefduf vaigiensis settling in temperate south‐eastern Australia as a model system. Underwater visual surveys revealed shoal composition and size differed significantly between open‐water and reef habitats, with shoals in open habitats being larger and more speciose. Shoals containing A. vaigiensis were mainly mixed‐species, and larger and more speciose in open habitats than nearer to reef. Since both foraging efficiency (via access to plankton) and predation threat likely increase with increasing distance from reef habitat, we suggest that mixed‐species shoaling mitigates predation risk whilst allowing increased foraging opportunities for A. vaigiensis in open areas. These findings provide support for the importance of mixed‐species shoaling to the persistence of tropical reef fishes in temperate regions.
Establishing bacterial infectivity models in striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Edwardsiella ictaluri
Authors: Ngoc Phuoc Nguyen , Richards Randolph , Crumlish Margaret 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA bacterial infectivity challenge model of Edwardsiella ictaluri in striped catfish was developed. All experiments were conducted using a bacterial isolate of E. ictaluri that had been recovered during a natural outbreak of bacillary necrosis of Pangasianodon (BNP) in farmed striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in Vietnam. Time of immersion in 107 CFU.ml−1 had a significant effect on mortality. The immersion bacterial dose of 107 CFU/ml for 30 s resulted in a cumulative percentage mortality of 63%. Three to four days post‐bacterial challenge, fish showed gross clinical signs of natural BNP and E. ictaluri was recovered and identified from these fish. Moreover, a cohabitation challenge was evaluated as an alternative challenge method, although the mortalities among the infected fish were lower at around 15%–40%. This study confirmed the horizontal transmission of E. ictaluri in striped catfish and elucidated that cohabitation challenge could be used in reproducing the disease under controlled conditions.
Diet quality and dental caries in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Sanders Anne , Cardel Michelle , Laniado Nadia , Kaste Linda , Finlayson Tracy , Perreira Krista , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesFermentable carbohydrate is universally recognized as the major dietary risk factor for dental caries. We assessed the broader relationship between diet quality and dental caries in a diverse Latinx adult population.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional probability sample, 14,517 dentate men and women in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) received a dental examination and completed two 24‐hours dietary recalls and a food propensity questionnaire. The 2010 Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) assessed diet quality and the National Cancer Institute method predicted usual intake of the 11 dietary components that comprise the AHEI. Dental caries experience was quantified using the decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) index. Covariates included sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics. Survey multivariable‐adjusted linear regression models quantified the relationship of 2010 AHEI score, and its 11 components, with DMFS.ResultsIn multivariable‐adjusted models, each 10‐unit increase in diet quality score was associated with 2.5 fewer (95% confidence interval: −3.4, −1.6) DMFS. The relationship was pronounced among foreign‐born individuals, who comprised three‐quarters of the sample, irrespective of their length of US residence, but was not apparent among U.S.‐born individuals. Greater intake of sugar‐sweetened beverage and fruit juice was positively associated with dental caries, whereas vegetables (excluding potatoes); whole grains; and omega‐3 fats were inversely associated with dental caries, independent of covariates and the other dietary components (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsAn association between diet quality and dental caries was restricted to foreign‐born Latinix and was not limited to the adverse impact of sugar‐sweetened drinks.
Development of LactaPedia: A lactation glossary for science and medicine
Authors: Boss Melinda , Hartmann Peter , Turner Jennifer , Pritchard Douglas , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Clifford Rhonda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring the last decade, there have been several publications highlighting the need for consistent terminology in breastfeeding research. Standard terms and definitions are essential for the comparison and interpretation of scientific studies that, in turn, support evidence‐based education, consistency of health care, and breastfeeding policy. Inconsistent advice is commonly reported by mothers to contribute to early weaning. A standard language is the fundamental starting point required for the provision of consistent advice. LactaPedia (www.lactapedia.com) is a comprehensive lactation glossary of over 500 terms and definitions created during the development of LactaMap (www.lactamap.com), an online lactation care support system. This paper describes the development of LactaPedia, a website that is accessible free of charge to anyone with access to the Internet. Multiple methodological frameworks were incorporated in LactaPedia's development in order to meet the needs of a glossary to support both consistent health care and scientific research. The resulting LactaPedia methodology is a six‐stage process that was developed inductively and includes framework to guide vetting and extension of its content using public feedback via discussion forums. The discussion forums support ongoing usability and refinement of the glossary. The development of LactaPedia provides a fundamental first step towards improving breastfeeding outcomes that are currently well below World Health Organisation recommendations globally.