bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winning the Peace: The Role of Agonistic and Adaptive Peacebuilding in Sustaining Social Cohesion in Ukraine
Authors: Lehti Marko , Brylov Denys , de Coning Cedric , Kalenychenko Tetiana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the role that Ukrainian peacebuilders play in contributing to strengthening social cohesion in war-time Ukraine. It studies an initiative to facilitate dialogue between two jurisdictions of the Orthodox church to develop new insights into the role that dialogue facilitation and peace mediation can play as a form of internal peacebuilding. We analyze and assess these dialogue practices in Ukraine from the perspective of two theoretical approaches, namely agonistic peace and adaptive peacebuilding. The efforts of Ukrainian dialogue facilitators and peacebuilders have received little international attention and support, despite the fact that ambitious plans are underway to help rebuild Ukraine, and significant amounts of money are being mobilized for this effort. Our hope is that these efforts will involve the Ukrainian peacebuilding community in their work in order to ensure that their reconstruction efforts are conflict sensitive and peace positive.
Assessing the Water Budget of the Arabian Peninsula and Its Internal Recycling Potential
Authors: Dufour Ambroise , Lopez Valencia Oliver M. , Mostamandi Suleiman , Beck Hylke E. , Johansen Kasper , Stenchikov Georgiy L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Arabian Peninsula, a predominantly hyperarid region, is facing increasing demands for freshwater driven by its growing population. The pressure on the resource would be reduced if local evaporation led to more rainfall within the domain. This study assesses moisture recycling in the region by evaluating moisture transport, precipitation, and evaporation in four state-of-the-art reanalyses against in situ and remote sensing data. The reanalyses reliably capture the main spatial and temporal features of the transport, in particular its two-layered structure. The upper layer, above 900 hPa, is marked by an anticyclonic circulation which has moisture enter in the northwest and exit in the southwest with little net effect. The lower layer is shaped by an influx of moisture from sea breezes during the day and an outflux during the night. However, the reanalyses underestimate daytime sea-breeze imports compared to radiosonde data, leading to a net average outward flow of moisture from the domain. This diurnal imbalance is likely not due to desert agriculture because the reanalyses do not explicitly consider irrigated cropland. Certain reanalyses also report nonphysical residual evaporation across the region, contradicting remote sensing data. Agreement between reanalyses and observations is better regarding precipitation because it is controlled in part through synoptic conditions. Despite the uncertainties, the magnitude of incoming transport relative to evaporation suggests that internal moisture recycling is negligible. As a consequence, increased evaporation due to incremental land-use changes and irrigation is unlikely to enhance regional rainfall.

Significance Statement
The societal demand for water is high in the Arabian Peninsula, but rainfall is scant. The locally sourced precipitation, originating from past rains or human usage rather than transport from remote regions, is expected to increase in response to additional irrigation. The regional hydrological budget in four reanalyses was established and tested against observations. The main features were consistent, including a recycling ratio in the mere single-digit percentages. Thus, irrigation losses are unlikely to be recouped as extra rainfall.
A Numerical Study on Hurricane Patricia (2015). Part I: Control Simulation and the Roles of Surface and Boundary Layer Processes
Authors: Zhu Yiting , Wang Yuqing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hurricane Patricia (2015) formed over the eastern North Pacific and is the most intense tropical cyclone (TC) on record with a maximum sustained wind speed of 95 m s−1, which presented a great forecasting challenge due to its unprecedented rapid intensification, record-breaking lifetime maximum intensity, and subsequent rapid weakening. The intensity and structure changes in Patricia were successfully simulated in a control experiment using a two-way interactive, quadruply nested version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with both initial and lateral boundary conditions from the Global Forecast System Final Analysis data. The successful simulation resulted from the inclusion of dissipative heating, realistic horizontal mixing length, and sea-spray-mediated heat flux. The relative contributions of these processes were assessed based on a series of ensemble-based sensitivity experiments and energetic diagnostics. Results show that dissipative heating and reduced horizontal mixing length had the most significant impacts on the intensification rate of Patricia after it reached an intensity of category 3, contributing 25.8% and 28.9% to the intensification rate and 11.7% and 14.1% to the lifetime maximum intensity, respectively. The contribution by spray-mediated heat flux increased significantly with wind speed, contributing up to 20.1% to the intensification rate and 20% to the surface energy flux under the eyewall at the wind speed of 90 m s−1. An alternative surface drag coefficient scheme and a constant surface roughness for moisture and heat were also tested and discussed via sensitivity experiments. The study provides insights into the physical processes key to successful simulations and forecasts of extremely strong TCs.
Beyond water: 3D laser scanning offers a cutting-edge alternative for upper limb volume assessment
Authors: Marsocci Antonio , Santandrea Sheila , Lanfranchi Elena , Donati Danilo , Tedeschi Roberto 
Published: December 2024

Objectives The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and efficiency of a 3D laser scanner as a tool for volumetric measurement of the upper limbs, comparing it with the gold standard method of non-reflux water displacement. The study sought to determine whether the 3D scanner could serve as a reliable and time-efficient alternative in clinical settings, particularly for managing conditions like lymphedema. Methods A total of 30 healthy participants (18 women, 12 men) were recruited, and volumetric measurements were taken using both the 3D scanner and water displacement methods. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were calculated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and agreement between the methods was assessed using a Bland-Altman plot. The time required for each measurement and data processing were recorded and compared between the two methods. Results The 3D scanner demonstrated excellent inter-rater (ICC = 0.995) and intra-rater (ICC = 0.991) reliability, surpassing the water displacement method (ICC = 0.973 and 0.968, respectively). The Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between the two methods, with only two measurements outside the 95% confidence limits. However, the 3D scanner required significantly more time for both measurement and data processing (28.55 seconds and 120 seconds, respectively) compared to water displacement (9.64 seconds). Conclusions The 3D scanner offers high reliability and precision for upper limb volumetric measurements, potentially improving clinical management of conditions such as lymphedema. Despite longer acquisition times, its accuracy and versatility make it a promising tool for future clinical use, especially in scenarios where precise monitoring is crucial.
Reliability and Optimal Cut-Off Points of the Test for Upper Limb Apraxia (TULIA) for Spanish-Speaking Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: Sánchez-Bermejo Laura , Milla-Ortega Pedro Jesús , Pérez-Mármol José Manuel 
Published: December 2024

Objective To evaluate the reliability, identify the optimal cut-off points, and determine the diagnostic accuracy of the TULIA Apraxia test in a sample of Spanish-speaking post-stroke patients. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Public primary care. Participants 201 post-stroke patients. Main Measures Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Cut-off points were identified for each TULIA Apraxia sub-test and stratified for age (≤65 years, > 65 years) using ROC curve analysis, area under the curve, and Youden index. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Results Cronbach's alpha of the sub-tests varied from 0.716 (95% CI 0.653–0.772) for pantomime intransitive to 0.824 (95% CI 0.784–0.858) for imitation non-symbolic. Cut-off points ranged from ≤25 to ≤35 points. For individuals aged ≤65 years, the cut-offs that best balanced sensitivity and specificity were ≤25 points for detecting alterations in imitation transitive and ≤33 points for pantomime non-symbolic. For individuals over 65 years, the imitation transitive cut-off (≤26 points) presented the most adjusted balance. The minimum positive predictive value was 0.667 (95% CI 0.542–0.777), indicating that the TULIA Apraxia tests correctly classified more than 67% of patients with apraxia. The minimum negative predictive value was 0.763 (95% CI 0.644–0.859), showing that the test accurately identified more than 76% of patients without apraxia. Conclusions The TULIA Apraxia test is reliable in Spanish-speaking post-stroke patients. Optimal cut-off points, along with their respective sensitivity and specificity values, exhibit adequate test accuracy. Predictive values indicate that the test correctly identifies individuals with and without apraxia.
Modeling of a horizontal axis wind turbine with the QBlade simulator and NACA airfoils
Authors: Salas Gonzales José Luis , Mamani Hilasaca Kent Rodrigo , Hilario Huaccha Alembert Delfin , Kana Hancco Walid Andy , Apaza Gutiérrez Jorge Luis , Butron Fernandez Fredy Alberto , Lopez Tejada Willy Roberto 
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes the modeling of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), with the QBlade simulator, using the NACA airfoils, for this purpose we use the QBlade simulator, and the NACA airfoils, scaling the geometry, in order to use the wind tunnel of the school of mines of the UNSA, with a diameter of 0.45 m, once designed with these tools, we proceed to the 3D printing of the blades in the school of Architecture of the UNSA, and the model is built, to submit it to the input variables: wind speed, air density, wind angle of attack, and as output variables angular velocity, and torque on the shaft; with these data, the information is analyzed, in order to establish the conclusions, and recommendations: The modeling with the QBlade simulator and the NACA airfoils was satisfactory, so it is recommended to use it in the design of the (HAWT).
Biomarkers of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sahai Anjali , Saxena Khyati 
Published: December 2024

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative brain disease characterised by motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor disabilities, including dystonia and dyskinesia, cause speech and movement difficulties and limit many aspects of life. Factors affecting PD refer to the various internal and external conditions that contribute to the onset, severity and progression of the disease. These factors can be broadly categorised into genetic, environmental and lifestyle-related factors. Summary The primary objective of this prospective cohort study is to investigate the association between environmental exposures and genetic predisposition and the risk of developing PD. Secondary objectives include examining the relationships between these factors and clinical outcomes in PD, such as disease severity and progression. We have utilised the data from other research studies, which primarily involve recruiting a cohort of individuals at high risk for PD based on their family history and/or environmental exposure history. These research studies also include participants who will undergo clinical evaluations, including neurological examinations and cognitive assessments, and provide biospecimens for genetic analysis. Environmental exposure histories will be obtained through questionnaires and medical records fetched by the authors of these research studies. In all these studies, participants were followed up regularly over several years to monitor the development of PD and to assess disease progression. Key message This study provided valuable insights into the role of environmental exposures and genetic predisposition in the development and progression of PD. The results of this study may inform strategies for preventing or delaying the onset of PD in high-risk individuals, as well as guide the development of targeted interventions for those already diagnosed with the disease.
Factors That Influence MSW Students’ Referral Decisions for Depression: A Factorial Survey
Authors: Murphy Melissa G. , Lacasse Jeffrey R. , Schelbe Lisa 
Published: December 2024

Purpose Depression is one of the most commonly treated conditions in mental health practice. However, outcomes have been poor and social workers face a host of treatment-related dilemmas. Method This study used factorial survey methodology to disentangle the effects of client, practice, and respondent characteristics on master's in social work (MSW) students’ antidepressant referral decisions. A total of 426 ( n = 426) MSW students each judged three unique vignette scenarios yielding 1,266 ( n = 1,266) judgments analyzed using multilevel model analyses. Results Findings suggest that the decision to refer was most influenced by previous response to antidepressant treatment, symptom profiles with suicidal ideations and anxiety, and recurrent episodes of depression. To a lesser degree, respondents’ personal use of psychotropic medications and beliefs about physician prescribing patterns also influenced antidepressant referral decisions. Discussion This study illuminates the complex effects of clinical and non-clinical factors on MSW students’ antidepressant referral decisions.
Modeling impacts of traffic, air pollution, and weather conditions on cardiopulmonary disease mortality
Authors: Cao Cong , Dyrstad Jan Morten , Green Colin P. 
Published: December 2024

Aims: Cardiopulmonary disease (CPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Increasing evidence shows that air pollution and exposure to weather conditions have important contributory roles. Understanding the interaction of these factors is difficult due to the complexity of the relationship between CPD, air pollution, and environmental factors. Methods: This paper uses regression models and machine learning approaches to explore these relationships, and investigate whether meteorological factors and air pollution have a synergistic effect on CPD. We use daily data from 2009–2018 from four cities representing the heterogenous climate conditions in Norway: the far north, the west coast, mid-Norway, and the south-east. Results: We demonstrate the importance of the interaction between weather and air pollution associated with higher CPD mortality, as is exposure to air pollution in the form of [Formula: see text]particulate matter. This impact is seasonal. Traffic is also positively related to CPD mortality, which may be caused indirectly through increased pollution. We demonstrate that machine learning outperforms regression models in terms of the accuracy of predicting CPD mortality. Conclusions: The inclusion of rich lagged structures and interactions between environmental factors are both important but can lead to overfitting of traditional models; since these cities are not large cities by international standards, it is surprising that environmental factors have such obvious impacts on CPD mortality. CPD mortality shows a clear negative trend, implying an improvement in the public health situation.
Effect of Statins on the Prognosis After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Patients With Acute Type B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Cheng Jiaxin , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wang Yasong , He Houlin , Zhao Tinghao , Wang Xiaozeng 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of long-term statin therapy following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 645 patients treated between January 2005 and June 2022, dividing them into Statin Group (n=330) and Non-statin Group (n=315) based on whether they received long-term postoperative statin therapy. Patients were further categorized based on median admission low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels into High and Low LDL-C Groups to assess the effect of statins on the prognosis of ATBAD patients after TEVAR. Results: The cohort had an average age of 53.44±11.42 years old, and 81.71% were male. Statin therapy significantly reduced occurrences of all-cause death (3.03% vs 8.57%, p=0.002) and aorta-related death (0.91% vs 3.81%, p=0.015), particularly in patients with high admission LDL-C levels. In addition, patients with statin therapy had a lower incidence of aorta-related adverse events (ARAE) (4.24% vs 11.11%, p=0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated statins reduced 5-year cumulative incidence rates of all-cause death and ARAE (all Log-rank p<0.05). These trends were sustained after adjustment. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed that statin therapy was associated with reduced risks of all-cause and aorta-related deaths, as well as ARAE. Conclusion: Long-term statin therapy appears to decrease the risk of all-cause and aorta-related death in ATBAD patients after TEVAR, particularly patients with high admission LDL-C levels. Patients with lower LDL-C levels at admission have a reduction of aorta-related death in the follow-up period. Statin therapy also was associated with a lower incidence of ARAE in follow-up. These findings suggest that statins might be crucial in improving long-term outcomes in this patient population. Clinical Impact Long-term statin therapy administered to patients with acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD) following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) demonstrates a substantial reduction in both all-cause and aorta-related mortality. Notably, this therapeutic benefit is most evident in patients presenting with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels at admission. Furthermore, statin therapy is associated with a decreased incidence of aorta-related adverse events during follow-up. These findings underscore the pivotal role of statin therapy in enhancing long-term clinical outcomes for ATBAD patients undergoing TEVAR, thereby contributing to improved patient care and prognosis.
Immediate Postintervention Outcomes from a Randomized Trial that Sought to Enhance Access to Live Donor Kidney Transplant for Black and African Americans
Authors: Arriola Kimberly Jacob , Barrett D’Jata , Pastan Stephen , Perryman Jennie , DuBay Derek , Tresslar Courtney , De Abreu Sara Useche , Di Mengyu , Teunis Larissa , Montoya Miranda , Mangurenje Tatenda , Patzer Rachel E 
Published: December 2024

Introduction Eliminating racial inequities in access to kidney transplantation requires multilevel interventions that target both patients and health systems. Research Question The aim of this study was to determine whether adding culturally sensitive, web-based patient education to a transplant center-level intervention was associated with increased knowledge, motivation to pursue living donor kidney transplant, and confidence in the behavioral skills to discuss living donation among Black/African American patients with end-stage kidney disease. Design A total of 411 transplant candidates were randomized to intervention (N = 222) or control groups (N = 189) and completed measures at baseline and immediate follow-up during the transplant evaluation visit. Results Results indicated no significant change in knowledge across time or study condition. At immediate follow-up, participants of both study conditions exhibited a significantly higher motivation to pursue living donation (t = 3.066, P < .01) versus at baseline. Both study conditions demonstrated increased confidence in the behavioral skills to discuss living donation over time (t = 3.580, P < .001). Process evaluation findings demonstrated limited engagement with the online video content across both conditions. Conclusion Results suggest that the intervention did not perform better than control but raised important considerations for the delivery of transplant education targeting Black/African American patients in a busy clinical setting.
Effect of Anatomic Variations in the Anterior Tibial Artery on Risk of Injury During Orthopaedic Knee Surgeries
Authors: Frey Christopher , Bugarinovic George , Zhou Joanne , Sherman Seth , Abrams Geoffrey , Segovia Nicole , Cheah Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Injury to the posterior vasculature is a potential complication in orthopaedic knee surgery that may be associated with variations in its anatomy, such as the type II-A2 variant, which places the anterior tibial artery (ATA) in closer proximity to the tibia. However, how close surgical instrumentation comes to injuring the ATA is not well described. Purpose: To determine how the type II-A2 variant of the popliteal vasculature affects proximity of the ATA to instrumentation for orthopaedic knee procedures. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 222 knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from a single academic tertiary referral center were evaluated, and ATA branching patterns were characterized. The distances from the ATA to simulated instrumentation of high tibial osteotomy (HTO), posterolateral corner anatomic reconstruction, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, lateral meniscus posterior horn repair, and lateral meniscus posterior root repair on axial plane MRI scans were measured by 2 authors independently using imaging software. Intrarater and interrater reliability of the measurements was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: ATAs with the type II-A2 pattern passed anterior to the popliteus on 3.15% (n = 7) of the 222 MRI scans. The distance between the ATA and the simulated instrumentation was significantly closer in type II-A2 compared with normal (type I) knees for the lateral meniscus posterior root repair tunnel (11.1 vs 15.7 mm; P = .014), HTO cuts (0.6 vs 8.2 mm; P < .001), and PCL reconstruction tunnel (4.1 vs 11.7 mm; P < .001). Interrater reliability was good to excellent for all measurements, and intrarater reliability ranged from moderate to excellent. Conclusion: HTO cut, PCL reconstruction tunnel, and lateral meniscus posterior root tunnel instrumentation were significantly closer to the ATA in knees with type II-A2 anatomy compared with normal (type I) anatomy. Careful analysis of vasculature using MRI may be of utility for select surgery about the knee to guide surgical technique.
Are Community-College Students Increasingly Choosing High-Paying Fields of Study? Evidence from Massachusetts
Authors: Murnane Richard J. , Willett John B. , McDonough Aubrey , Papay John P. , Mantil Ann 
Published: December 2024

The labor-market payoff to workers with associate degrees in healthcare and STEM occupations is very high in Massachusetts. We examine whether this induced a growing proportion of students in MA community colleges (MACCs) to earn an associate degree (AD) in one of these fields. We do this by using multinomial logit analysis to compare trends across 12 cohorts of MACC entrants in the proportion of students who earned an AD in a healthcare or STEM program within six years of entry. We find a substantial increase across cohorts in the proportion of students who earned an AD in a STEM program, but not in the proportion who earned an AD in a healthcare program. We found differences in degree attainment by student gender, race/ethnicity, family income, and 10th-Grade mathematics score. Interviews with MACC program leaders revealed that supply constraints hinder expansion of many healthcare AD programs, but not STEM programs.