bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gibt es einen negativen Nacht- oder Wochenendeffekt auf den
kindlichen postnatalen Zustand bei Frauen mit
Migrationshintergrund?
Authors: David Matthias , Henrich Wolfgang , Schlembach Dietmar , Lanowska Malgorzata , Razum Oliver , Breckenkamp Jürgen 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Ist bei Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund (MH)
(=Proxy-Variable für erhöhtes Risiko
kultureller/sprachlicher Kommunikationsprobleme) die neonatale
Morbidität außerhalb der Regelarbeitszeit
erhöht?
Methoden Datenerhebung an 3 Berliner Geburtskliniken mit
Fragebogenset (soziodemografische, Versorgungsaspekten, Migration);
Ergänzung durch Mutterpassangaben und Klinik-Perinataldaten.
Surrogatmarker für kindliche Morbidität: Apgar-,
Nabelschnur-pH-Wert, Verlegung in eine Kinderklinik. Deskriptive und
logistische Regressions-Analysen wurden durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Datensätze von 2014 Migrantinnen der 1., 771
Frauen der 2. Generation, 2564 Frauen ohne MH wurden einbezogen, darunter
39,7% sog. Tagesgeburten (Montag – Freitag, jeweils
7:00–18:00 Uhr). In 2 Modellen wurde für die beiden
Proxy-Parameter der kindlichen Morbidität der Einfluss der
Geburtszeit und verschiedener anderer Parameter überprüft.
Die Chancen für ungünstige Apgar- oder Nabelschnur-pH-Werte
waren z. B. bei einer Geburt in den Abend- und Nachtstunden, am
Wochenende und an Feiertagen (OR 1,84; 95% CI 1,23–2,76;
p=0,003), bei vaginal-operativen Geburten (OR 3,36; 95% CI
2,07–5,46, p<0,001) oder einer sekundären Sectio (OR
1,94; 95 CI 1,28–2,96, p=0,002) erhöht, nicht aber
bei einem MH der Gebärenden.
Zusammenfassung Gebärende mit MH werden trotz
möglicher interkultureller und sprachlicher Kommunikationsprobleme
unabhängig von Tageszeit und Wochentag ebenso gut versorgt wie
Schwangere ohne MH.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Zakin Elina , Abrams Rory , Simpson David M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is becoming increasingly common worldwide. As this occurs, there will be an increase in the prevalence of known comorbidities from this disorder of glucose metabolism. One of the most disabling adverse comorbidities is diabetic neuropathy. The most common neuropathic manifestation is distal symmetric polyneuropathy, which can lead to sensory disturbances, including diminished protective sense, making patients prone to foot injuries. However, focal, multifocal, and autonomic neuropathies are also common. Diabetic nerve pain and Charcot osteoarthropathy are advanced neuropathic conditions that portend a severe deterioration in quality of life. To combat these symptoms, along with glycemic control and establishment of health care systems to educate and support patients with the complexities of diabetes, there are pharmacologic remedies to ameliorate the neurologic symptoms. Several guidelines and review boards generally recommend the use of tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin/norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors, α-2-delta ligands, and anticonvulsants as medications to improve painful diabetic neuropathy and quality of life.
Neuropathy of Connective Tissue Diseases and Other Systemic Diseases
Authors: Jin Peter H. , Shin Susan C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy is associated with numerous systemic diseases. It is often the heralding finding, which can lead to earlier diagnoses and better outcomes. An understanding of the epidemiology and clinical features of these diseases is paramount to their diagnosis and management. This article will focus on neuropathy associated with connective tissue diseases, monoclonal gammopathies, paraneoplastic disorders, medications including chemotherapeutic agents, nutritional deficiencies, alcohol, and toxins.
Peripheral Neuropathies in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Anand Pria , Kharal G. Abbas , Reda Haatem , Venna Nagagopal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeripheral nerve disorders may be the presenting manifestation of a systemic infection, and early recognition of these syndromes is essential for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Mechanisms associated with infectious disorders of the peripheral nerve are often complex and multiple, with secondary inflammation, direct infectious invasion of nerves, and toxicities of antimicrobial medications playing a role. Here, we provide a complete review of the most common infectious pathogens that can affect the peripheral nerves.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched Tetra-ortho-3,3′-substituted Biaryls by Small-Molecule-Catalyzed Noncanonical Polyketide Cyclizations
Authors: Witzig Reto M. , Sparr Christof 
Published: October 2019

The arene-forming aldol condensation is a fundamental reaction in the biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides. Precisely controlled by the polyketide synthases, the highly reactive poly-β-carbonyl substrates are diverged into numerous aromatic natural products by selective cyclization reactions; a fascinating biosynthetic strategy that sparked our interest to investigate atroposelective aldol condensations. In this Account, we contextualize and highlight the ability of small-molecule catalysts to selectively convert noncanonical hexacarbonyl substrates in a double arene-forming aldol condensation resulting in the atroposelective synthesis of tetra-ortho-3,3′-substituted biaryls. The hexacarbonyl substrates were obtained by a fourfold ozonolysis enabling a late-stage introduction of all carbonyl functions in one step. Secondary amine catalysts capable of forming an extended hydrogen-bonding network triggered the noncanonical polyketide cyclization in order to form valuable biaryls in high yields and with stereocontrol of up to 98:2 er.1	Biosynthesis of Aromatic Polyketides2	Rotationally Restricted Aromatic Polyketides3	3,3′-Substituted Binaphthalenes in Catalysis4	Stereoselective Synthesis of Atropisomers5	Synthesis of Enantioenriched Tetra-ortho-3,3′-Substituted Biaryls by the Atroposelective Arene-Forming Aldol Condensation6	Conclusion
Laboratory Evaluation of Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Lau K.H. Vincent 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy is a common neurological disorder, with high prevalence especially in the aged population. The general evaluative approach is to first identify the type of peripheral neuropathy prior to investigating for a possible underlying etiology, which is an increasingly important endeavor, as many causes of peripheral neuropathy are now recognized as treatable. To this end, laboratory testing plays an important adjunctive role to a detailed history and examination. This review will discuss possible diagnostic laboratory testing pathways for different types of peripheral neuropathy, with the goal of minimizing costs and false-positive results while maximizing the likelihood of identifying a potentially reversible etiology.
Common Entrapment Neuropathies
Authors: Malek Elia , Salameh Johnny S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEntrapment neuropathies are defined as compression of peripheral nerves due to known or unknown causes. The high incidence and variety of presentations require a comprehensive knowledge of these conditions, especially in neurology and orthopedic surgery clinical practices. Detailed knowledge of topographic anatomy, clinical manifestations, and appropriate use of electrophysiological studies with selective addition of neuromuscular ultrasonography are needed to establish an early and accurate diagnosis to advice patients and provide them with a comprehensive treatment plan. In this article, we discuss the most common forms of entrapment neuropathies in the upper and lower extremities.
Guillain–Barre Syndrome
Authors: Malek Elia , Salameh Johnny 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGuillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of acute paralysis that can potentially affect all of the human population. GBS is believed to be an immune-mediated disease, possibly triggered by a recent infection, and driven by an immune attack targeting the peripheral nervous system. GBS can be divided into several subtypes depending on the phenotype, pathophysiology, and neurophysiological features. Unfortunately, morbidity and mortality rates are still high despite the current understanding of the pathophysiology and available treatment options. Additional research is still needed to shed more light into the pathogenesis for a better understanding and treatment of this condition.
A Clinician's Approach to Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Siao Peter , Kaku Michelle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeripheral neuropathies are a group of disorders that affect the peripheral nervous system, for which hundreds of etiologies have been identified. This article presents a stepwise approach to the evaluation and workup of peripheral neuropathy, which starts with a detailed history of symptoms, family and occupational history, and a neurological as well as general physical exam. Pattern recognition of various neuropathies can help to build a differential diagnosis based on the presentation. Such patterns include acute versus chronic, primary demyelinating versus axonal, hereditary versus acquired, asymmetric versus symmetric, presence of facial palsies, sensory or motor predominant, and presence of prominent autonomic symptoms. Early categorization of the type of neuropathy can help focus the workup for peripheral neuropathy. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography (NCS/EMG) is the primary diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with large-fiber polyneuropathy. One of the most important roles of NCS/EMG is to help categorize polyneuropathy as primary axonal versus primary demyelinating. The finding of a primary demyelinating polyneuropathy narrows the differential diagnosis of polyneuropathy dramatically and increases the chances of finding a treatable etiology. Laboratory workup includes serum studies and potentially cerebrospinal fluid, genetic studies, immunological markers, and fat pad biopsy for select patients. Skin biopsy may be used to assess intraepidermal nerve fiber density if small-fiber neuropathy is suspected, and nerve biopsy may be useful in select cases. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging and neuromuscular ultrasound have also shown promise in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. Identification of the etiology of neuropathy is crucial and often time-sensitive, as an increasing number of causes are now reversible or treatable.
Chin Reshaping in Profileplasty: Augmentative and Reductive Strategies
Authors: Eppley Barry L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAfter studying this article, the reader should be able to understand how various implants, osteotomies, and reductive tissue techniques affect the aesthetic outcomes of chin reshaping surgery. The roles of standard versus custom chin implants, the operative steps and indications for a bony genioplasty and the techniques for chin reduction are described with emphasis on proper patient selection and avoiding their common complications.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Response to Supplementation as “Stoss Therapy” in Children with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Sahu Manoj Kumar , Bipin Chalattil , Niraghatam Harsha Vardhan , Karanjkar Ameya , Singh Sarvesh Pal , Rajashekar Palleti , Ramakrishnan Lakshmy , Devagourou V. , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Choudhary Shiv Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Data from many studies suggest that patients with congenital heart disease are vitamin D (vitD) deficient. Following cardiac surgery as a result of intraoperative institution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), serum vitD levels become even low. This may affect postoperative convalescence in terms of mechanical ventilation, inotropic support, infection, and so forth.
Objective We intended to study the prevalence of vitD deficiency pre and post cardiac surgery and the effect of vitD supplementation (stoss therapy) on postoperative convalescence of the children with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) undergoing intracardiac repair (ICR).
Methodology In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), 60 children younger than 18 years with TOF and serum vitD levels < 20ng/dL were randomized into two groups. The study group received vitD supplementation as “stoss therapy” at 10,000 units/kg body weight. All these children underwent ICR with CPB. Demographic data, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were compared between the study and the control groups.
Results Prevalence of severe vitD deficiency was 93.1%. When compared with the control group, study group showed higher serum vitD levels in the immediate preoperative period (p = 0.001), postoperative period following CPB (p = 0.012), and on the first postoperative day (p = 0.003). No statistically significant difference was observed in postoperative mechanical ventilation (p = 0.35), intensive care unit (ICU) stay (p = 0.15), and inotropic duration (p = 0.19).
Conclusion Children with TOF are highly deficient of vitD, its level falls further after CPB, and supplementing vitD preoperatively does not influence postoperative recovery pattern. Supplementation of vitD as “stoss therapy” was useful in raising the serum levels before and after cardiac surgery.
A Thrombin-Activatable Factor X Variant Corrects Hemostasis in a Mouse Model for Hemophilia A
Authors: Muczynski Vincent , Verhenne Sebastien , Casari Caterina , Chérel Ghislaine , Panicot-Dubois Laurence , Gueguen Paul , Trossaert Marc , Dubois Christophe , Lenting Peter J. , Denis Cécile V. , Christophe Olivier D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEngineered recombinant factor X (FX) variants represent a promising strategy to bypass the tenase complex and restore hemostasis in hemophilia patients. Previously, a thrombin-activatable FX variant with fibrinopeptide-A replacing the activation peptide (FX-delAP/FpA) has been described in this regard. Here we show that FX-delAP/FpA is characterized by a sixfold shorter circulatory half-life compared with wild-type FX, limiting its therapeutical applicability. We therefore designed a variant in which the FpA sequence is inserted C-terminal to the FX activation peptide (FX/FpA). FX/FpA displayed a similar survival to wt-FX in clearance experiments and could be converted into FX by thrombin and other activating agents. In in vitro assays, FX/FpA efficiently restored thrombin generation in hemophilia A and hemophilia B plasmas, even in the presence of inhibitory antibodies. Expression following hydrodynamic gene transfer of FX/FpA restored thrombus formation in FVIII-deficient mice in a laser-induced injury model as well as hemostasis in a tail-clip bleeding model. Hemostasis after tail transection in FVIII-deficient mice was also corrected at 5 and 90 minutes after injection of purified FX/FpA. Our data indicate that FX/FpA represents a potential tenase-bypassing agent for the treatment of hemophilia patients with or without inhibitors.
Extra-axial Cerebellopontine Angle Adult Medulloblastoma: An Unusual Presentation at an Unusual Site
Authors: Ratha Vishwaraj , Karmarkar Vikram S. , Deopujari Chandrashekhar E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMedulloblastoma is a rare adult primary brain tumor and its presence in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) constitutes an even rarer site for origin. There are only 40 reported cases of CPA medulloblastoma in the literature, with most being intra-axial and occurring in the pediatric population. Extra-axial CPA medulloblastoma in adults are extremely rare and only 10 adult cases have been reported in world literature.We report a rare case of primary extra-axial CPA medulloblastoma occurring in an adult. We review the literature for such an unusual presentation of medulloblastoma in adults and discuss its appropriate clinico-radiological features along with its possible pathogenesis and surgical management.With increasing reporting of such tumors, CPA region, medulloblastoma should be considered a differential diagnosis of intra-axial or extra-axial CPA tumor, as their further management and prognosis differ significantly. Adjuvant radiotherapy and combined chemotherapy regimen should be added to the postoperative management.
Foramen Magnum Meningioma: Microsurgical Endoscopic-Controlled Resection via a Lateral Suboccipital Retrocondylar Approach with Preservation of Posterior Arch of Atlas Integrity
Authors: Bassiouni Hischam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective Surgical treatment of foramen magnum (FM) meningiomas is challenging due to proximity of the tumor to critical neurovascular structures, namely, the lower brainstem/upper cervical cord, vertebral artery, PICA, and lower cranial nerves. Controversies in microsurgical resection of meningiomas in this location include the necessity for condyle drilling and the need for vertebral artery mobilization. However, a laminectomy or hemilaminectomy of the C1 posterior arch is usually routinely performed. We herein present microsurgical, endoscopic-controlled resection of a FM meningioma via a posterolateral retrocondylar suboccipital craniotomy with preservation of the integrity of the posterior arch of the atlas.
Setting Our patient, a 57-year-old patient, suffered from right-sided hemiparesis due to a right-sided ventrolateral FM meningioma compromising the medulla oblongata and upper cervical cord. The tumor at the craniocervical junction was resected through a posterolateral suboccipital retrocondylar craniotomy.
Results Radical resection of the FM meningioma was accomplished via a lateral suboccipital retrocondylar craniotomy with preservation of posterior arch of atlas integrity. The postoperative course was uneventful with full preservation of neurological function. Preoperative hemiparesis subsided completely after surgery.
Conclusion Anterior-laterally located FM meningiomas can be safely and completely resected via a suboccipital retrocondylar craniotomy. A laminectomy or hemilaminectomy of the posterior arch of C1 is not routinely required for complete and safe resection of these tumors at the craniocervical junction. Neuroendoscopy is beneficial for control of complete tumor resection.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/DBk6qoJ6OzQ.
Factors Complicating Discharge to Home following Total Knee Arthroplasty—A Single Institution Initiative
Authors: Issa Kimona , Kurowicki Jennifer , Novack Thomas A. , Pierce Todd P. , Festa Anthony , Scillia Anthony J. , McInerney Vincent K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently, with the Medicare bundled payments initiative for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there has been a move by many institutions to further streamline costs associated with the entire operative and perioperative process. One of these cost-saving strategies has been to favor discharging patients to home with outpatient services as opposed to discharging to the relatively more expensive rehabilitation facilities. Our aim was to determine the success of a teaching institute's initiative in discharging patients to home instead of a rehabilitation facility. Specifically, we evaluated if there were differences in discharge disposition based off of (1) surgeon/patient preference, (2) length of stay, (3) demographics, and (4) postoperative complications. A retrospective review of all patients who had a TKA from 2015 to 2017 at a single teaching institution was performed and assessed discharge to home or to a rehabilitation facility. If they were not discharged to home, we evaluated why that did not happen, stratified the reason they were discharged to a rehabilitation facility into four groups based on (1) physician and occupational health team assessment, (2) patient preference, (3) physician preference, and (4) family or caretaker preference. A total of 229 patients were enrolled in this initiative, with 107 patients (47%) discharged to home with outpatient physical therapy services and 122 (53%) discharged to a rehabilitation facility. Of these, 35 patients (29%) went to these facilities because of physician and occupational health team assessment. However, 31 (25%) patients were due to patient preference, 32 (26%) were because of surgeon's preference, and 24 (20%) were not discharged to home because of family or caretaker preference. There were no differences in length of stay, gender, or complication rates between cohorts. Many patients can be safely discharged to home following TKA at a community teaching institution; however, there continues to be a strong prejudice by patients, physicians, and caretakers to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility despite the home discharge initiative.
Expert-level detection of acute intracranial hemorrhage on head computed tomography using deep learning
Authors: Kuo Weicheng , Hӓne Christian , Mukherjee Pratik , Malik Jitendra , Yuh Esther L. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Computed tomography (CT) of the head is the workhorse medical imaging modality used worldwide to diagnose neurologic emergencies. However, these gray scale images are limited by low signal-to-noise, poor contrast, and a high incidence of image artifacts. A unique challenge is to identify tiny subtle abnormalities in a large 3D volume with near-perfect sensitivity. We used a single-stage, end-to-end, fully convolutional neural network to achieve accuracy levels comparable to that of highly trained radiologists, including both identification and localization of abnormalities that are missed by radiologists.
Metallic iron limits silicate hydration in Earth’s transition zone
Authors: Zhu Feng , Li Jie , Liu Jiachao , Dong Junjie , Liu Zhenxian 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Some studies suggested that the Earth’s mantle transition zone (MTZ) consists of hydrous silicates while others proposed that it contains iron metal. Here we show that the metallic iron dehydrates hydrous silicates at MTZ conditions, implying that global hydration of silicates and metal saturation are incompatible. Comparing iron production in and water injection to the MTZ, we found that the hydration of MTZ silicates is likely limited to <0.1 wt %, while large amount of the hydrogen can be stored as iron hydride and hydrogen fluid instead. Water-rich domains may still exist near the modern active subducted slabs. Our finding connects the water content to the oxidation state of the MTZ, thus providing a different perspective on volatile cycles in the mantle.
Nanomechanical properties of steric zipper globular structures
Authors: Lester-Zer Neta , Ghrayeb Mnar , Chai Liraz 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceThe increase in life expectancy has nowadays positioned neurodegenerative diseases as a leading cause of death. Neurodegeneration is related to early amyloid protein aggregation; however, in the lack of an aggregation mechanism, neurodegenerative diseases still remain neither cured nor prevented. In a fundamental study of amyloid early aggregation, we have characterized the nanomechanical properties of steric zippers, the shortest amyloid sequences that yet bear high propensity to form fibers. We have found that steric zippers form unprecedented globular structures on route to fiber formation that exhibit a characteristic nanomechanical fingerprint. Approaching amyloid fiber formation from a basic physical perspective, this study sheds light on the internal structure of amyloid precursor chains, providing insight into the design of antiamyloid drugs.
Modulation of the pupillary response by the content of visual working memory
Authors: Zokaei Nahid , Board Alexander G. , Manohar Sanjay G. , Nobre Anna C. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
We report, across 3 complementary studies, that attention in visual working memory leads to top-down modulations of the pupillary response, in the absence of any visual input or anticipation of any change in brightness. These findings strengthen the view of the sensory recruitment, all the way down to the earliest synapses in the visual system. The thought-provoking corollary to our findings is that the pupils provide a reliable measure of what is in the focus of the mind.