bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise lysosome pH indicator based on self-decomposable nanoparticles
Authors: Pang Cui , Song Chaojun , Li Yize , Wang Qiaofeng , Zhu Xiaosheng , Wu Jianwei , Tian Yi , Fan Hao , Hu Jinwei , Li Chen , Wang Baolong , Liu Wenchao , Fan Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Acidic pH of lysosomes are closely related to the autophagy, thus well known of the precise lysosomes pH changes will give more information on the autophagy process and status. So far, however, only pH changes in a relative broad range could be indicated, the exactly lysosomes pH detection has never arrived. In our study, we established an endo/lysosome pH indicator based on self-decomposable SiO2 nanoparticle system with specific synthesis parameters. The central concentrated MB in the central-hollow structural nanoparticles presented sensitive release as a function of pH values from pH 4.0-4.8, which is the exactly the pH range of lysosomes. The linear correlation of the OD values and the pH values has been built up, which has been used for detection of lysosomes pH in 6 different cell lines. Moreover, by this system, we succeeded in precise detecting the pH average changes of lysosomes before and after BPSi NPs endocytosis, clarifying the mechanism of the autophagy termination after BPSi endocytosis. So, the self-decomposable nanoparticles based luminal pH indicator may provide a new methodology and strategy to know better of the lysosome pH, then indicate more details on autophagy process or other important signaling about metabolism.
Casein phosphopeptide acts synergistically with fluoride to inhibit initial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disc
Authors: Wang Xiaodie , Liu Limin , Zhou Xiaoyan , Huo Yongbiao , Gao Jinlong , Gu Haijing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Recent preventive strategies for dental caries focus on targeting the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation, including inhibiting bacterial adhesion. A promising approach to prevent bacterial adhesion is to modify the composition of acquired salivary pellicle. This in vitro study investigated the effect and possible underlying mechanism of pellicle modification by casein phosphopeptide (CPP) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) initial adhesion, and the impact of fluoride on the efficacy of CPP.Methods The salivary pellicle-coated hydroxyapatite (s-HA) disc was modified by 2.5% CPP or 2.5% CPP supplemented with 900 ppm fluoride solutions. After cultivation of S. mutans, the adherent bacteria were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitatively evaluated using the plate count method. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to evaluate the proportions of total and dead S. mutans. The concentrations of total, free, and bound calcium and fluoride in CPP and fluoride-doped CPP solutions were determined. The water contact angle and zeta potential of s-HA with and without modification were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Turkey post hoc multiple comparison test.Results Initial adhesion of S. mutans to s-HA was inhibited in response to pellicle modification by CPP and fluoride-doped CPP, and the latter was more efficient. CLSM analysis showed that the proportion of dead S. mutans did not differ between the groups. Water contact angle and zeta potential decreased after pellicle modification, and both were lowest in the fluoride-doped CPP group.Conclusions Pellicle modification by CPP inhibited S. mutans initial adhesion to s-HA, possibly by reducing hydrophobicity and negative charge on the s-HA surface, and incorporating fluoride into CPP enhanced its anti-adhesion effect.
Adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with MTA-Angelus and Biodentine as a furcation perforation repair material
Authors: Alazrag M. A. , Abu-Seida Ashraf M. , El-Batouty K M. , Ashry S. H. El 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background This study evaluated the adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA-Angelus) and Biodentine when used as a furcation perforation repair material.Methods The adaptability was assessed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and presence of any gap between the dentin surface and filing material in each quadrant of the sample was analyzed at 1000 X magnification. The solubility was measured after one week by the ISO standard method. Biocompatibility was assessed by the inflammatory response and radiography after one and three months of repair of experimental furcation perforations in dog's teeth.Results There were significant differences in the adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of the tested materials (P <0.05). TheraCal LC showed the highest frequency distribution of gap presence that was followed by MTA-Angelus then Biodentine. The least soluble material after one week was TheraCal LC that was followed by MTA-Angelus and Biodentine. After one and three months, TheraCal LC showed the highest inflammatory response and highest frequency distribution of radiolucency that was followed by Biodentine then MTA-Angelus.Conclusion Unlike Biodentine, the TheraCal LC is incapable of alternating MTA in the furcation perforation repair due to its poor biocompatibility and poor marginal adaptation.
Very Short Answer Questions: A Viable Alternative to Multiple Choice Questions
Authors: PUTHIAPARAMPIL THOMAS , Rahman Md Mizanur 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Multiple choice questions, used in medical school assessments for decades, have many drawbacks, such as: hard to construct, allow guessing, encourage test-wiseness, promote rote learning, provide no opportunity for examinees to express ideas, and do not provide information about strengths and weakness of candidates. Directly asked and answered questions like Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQ) is considered a better alternative with several advantages. Objectives This study aims to substantiate the superiority of VSAQ by actual tests and obtaining feedback from the stakeholders. Methods Conduct multiple true-false, one best answer and VSAQ tests in two batches of medical students, compare their scores and psychometric indexes of the tests and seek opinions from students and academics regarding these assessment methods. Results Multiple true-false and best answer test scores showed skewed results and low psychometric performance compared to better psychometrics and more balanced student performance in VSAQ tests. The stakeholders’ opinions were significantly in favour of VSAQ. Conclusion and recommendation This study concludes that VSAQ is a viable alternative to multiple choice question tests, and it is widely accepted by medical students and academics in the medical faculty.
Which is better for mothers and babies, fresh or frozen thawed blastocyst transfer?
Authors: Yang Meiling , Lin li , Sha Chunli , Li Taoqiong , Gao Wujiang , Chen Lu , Wu Ying , Ma Yanping , Zhu Xiaolan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, there have been emerging many reports on the pregnancy outcomes of fresh blastocyst transfer (BT) and freeze-thaw BT, but these couclusions are controversial and incomplete. To compare the pregnancy outcomes, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of fresh and frozen-thawed BT in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles, we conducted a meta-analysis. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library until January 2020. Data were extracted independently by two authors. Results: 42 studies, including 12 randomized controlled trials (RCT) met the inclusion criteria. Fresh BT showed lower implantation rate (IR), pregnancy rate (PR), ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) and higher eptopic pregnancy rate (EPR) compared with frozen-thawed BT consistent with the results of RCT. The risks of moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), placental abruption (PA) and preterm were higher in fresh BT than in the frozen-thawed BT. The risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and pre-eclampsia was decreased in fresh BT , however, no significant differences of risks for PIH, pre-eclampsia, OHSS, and preterm was found between the two group in the 2 RCT included. Compared with frozen-thawed BT, fresh BT appears to be associated with small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW). No differences in the incidences of neonatal mortality and neonatal malformations were observed between fresh and frozen-thawed BT. Conclusions: In summary, Considering the higher IR, PR, OPR, lower EPR, and the decreased risks of OHSS, PA and preterm, as well as the incidences of SGA and LBW in frozen-thawed BT, this meta-analysis indicates that frozen-thawed BT may be a better choice for mothers and babies compared with fresh BT. Key words: Fresh blastocyst transfer, frozen thawed blastocyst transfer, pregnancy outcome, maternal complications, neonatal outcomes
Intralesional curettage versus Prosthetic replacement,which approach is suitable for bone tumors ?------ A finite element analysis of limb salvage simulation in biomechanics
Authors: PENG Matthew Jian-Qiao , SHEN ChuLong , CHEN Hai-Yan , HU Yong , HE Er-Xing , LAU YongQiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The authors have removed this preprint from Research Square.
The use of chondroitin sulfate (Mucosat) for the treatment of chronic back pain and osteoarthritis
Authors: Shavlovskaya O. A. , Romanov I. D. 
Published: March 2020

The representation of pain syndromes of various localization is very extensive: in the knee and hip joints, this figure reaches 57,8% of the general population, in the shoulder joint 48–84%, and pain in the lower back is experienced by up to 85%. The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) increases with age. OA occupies a leading position among all rheumatological diseases, accounting for more than 60–70 % of their total number, and is the leading cause of chronic pain syndrome in the older age group. Clinical symptoms of OA are observed in 30–50% of the population in people over 65 years. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of pain syndromes. NSAIDs are characterized by a good analgesic effect, but are often the cause of the development of adverse events (NSAIDS). Alternative for the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the joints is chondroprotectors (CP). CPS belong to the group of drugs of delayed action of symptomatic therapy (SYSADOA). Among CP, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is considered to be the most acceptable means that can affect metabolic processes in cartilage, synovial and bone tissue, suppressing the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators. The main effects that CS has on the joint in OA are: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and protective. CS improves the phosphorus-calcium metabolism in cartilage, inhibits enzymes that violate the structure and function of articular cartilage, inhibits the degeneration of cartilage; stimulates the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), normalizes the metabolism of hyaline tissue, promotes the regeneration of cartilage surfaces and the articular bag. The main effects that show CS on the joint in OA: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, protective. Slowing bone resorption, reduces the loss of Ca2+ and accelerates the processes of bone repair, inhibits the progression of OA. It has analgesic effect, reduces joint pain, pain at rest and when walking, the severity of inflammation, reduces the need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). One of the representatives of medicinal products based on CS is Mucosate (ampoules 1 and 2 ml) containing 100mg of CS in 1ml. A number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of therapy with Mucosat in the treatment of patients with low back pain (LBP) using the 2 ml intramuscularly every other day, a course of 25 injections, as well as in the treatment of OA using the 1 ml intramuscularly every other day, starting with the 4th injection – 2 ml every other day, also a course of 25 injections. Recent developments – a new oral form of Mucosate (capsule) containing harpagophytum and the NEM® complex can serve as a supplement to the injectable course of therapy.
Cerebral small vessel disease’s impact on the development of chronic cerebral ischemia: paradigms of treatment
Authors: Soloveva E. Yu. , Amelina I. P. 
Published: March 2020

The article is dedicated to the issues of treatment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), one of the most common pathological processes that is a leading cause of different types of cerebrovascular disorders and cognitive impairment. It also discusses the reasons for the development of small vessel pathology, which is usually referred to as the “chronic cerebral ischemia” in the Russian neurology. Emphasis is made on the etiopathogenetic factors affecting small calibre vessels, in which the metabolic-angiogenic mechanisms, in particular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, are dominant.Difficulties in studying CSVD are explained by the disease course features and the insufficient introduction of unified approaches to the terminology and diagnosis. The article presents new data on the pathogenesis of small vessel disease based on the clinical and pathological findings and achievements of neuroimaging. A modern classification is provided, the clinical manifestations of vascular cognitive disorders associated with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency are described in detail.The authors consider the issue of choosing and using drugs for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases through the lens of understanding their own clinical experience and scientific research findings. They provide data of their own research on the antioxidant status and changes in the phospholipid composition of blood plasma in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia during separate and combined administration of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate (Neurox) and citicoline (Neupilept), which are natural metabolites and are involved in biochemical processes throughout the body. Based on the literature review and their own data, the authors conclude that complex pharmacological therapy can be effectively used in patients with CSVD, which is due to various points of “application” of pharmacological activity in the pathogenetic processes chain.
Comparison between Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin on Secondary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Rate and the Risk Factors in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Jiaqi , Yu Han , Wang Guanghua , Zhang Junfang , Zhu Rui , Liu Xuebo , Li Jue 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Statins are effective for patients with decreased low-density lipoprotein therapy.

Objective:
The aim is to compare atorvastatin versus rosuvastatin on secondary percutaneous coronary intervention
(PCI) rate and explore risk factors in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.

Methods:
A cohort study with 283 CHD subjects was launched from 2011 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression
model, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and nomogram were used to compare the effect of atorvastatin
and rosuvastatin on secondary PCI rate and disease risk factors. Even why the two statins had different effects based
on gene expression profile analysis has been explored.

Results:
Gene FFA (Freely fatty acid), AST (Aspartate Transaminase) and ALT (Alanine transaminase) showed the
statistical difference between the four statin groups (P<0.05). In the AA group (Continuous Atorvastatin usage),
albumin was a risk factor (Hazard Ratio (HR):1.076, 95%CI (1.001, 1.162), p<0.05). In the AR group (Start with
Atorvastatin usage, then change to Rosuvastatin usage), ApoA was a protective factor (HR:0.004, 95%CI (0.001,
0.665), p<0.05). GLB (Galactosidase Beta) was a risk factor (HR:1.262, 95%CI (1.010, 1.576), p<0.05). In RR group
(Continuous Rosuvastatin usage), ApoE was a protective factor (HR:0.943, 95%CI (0.890, 1.000), p<0.05). ALT was
a risk factor (HR:1.030, 95%CI (1.000, 1.060), p<0.05).

Conclusion:
: Patients in the RA group had the lowest secondary PCI rate. ALT was a risk factor in the RR group.
Gene Gpt (Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) encoded for one subtype of ALT had a significantly different expression
in different statin groups.
The In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Potential Mechanism of Action of 1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]Ciprofloxacin-(4-methyl/phenyl/benzyl-3- aryl)-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione Hybrids
Authors: Zhang Ya-Zhou , Liu Hai-Lin , He Qian-Song , Xu Zhi 
Published: March 2020

Aims:
Development of 1-[(1R, 2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]ciprofloxacin-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-
thione hybrids as potential dual-acting mechanism anticancer agent to overcome the drug resistance.
Background: Chemotherapy is an essential tool for the treatment of lung and female breast cancers, and
numerous anticancer agents have been launched for this purpose. However, the clinical outcomes of
chemotherapy are usually far from satisfactory due to the side effects and resistance to chemotherapeutic
drugs. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel anti-lung and anti-breast cancer agents.

Background:
Chemotherapy is an essential tool for the treatment of lung and female breast cancers, and
numerous anticancer agents have been launched for this purpose. However, the clinical outcomes of
chemotherapy are usually far from satisfactory due to the side effects and resistance to chemotherapeutic
drugs. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel anti-lung and anti-breast cancer agents.

Objective:
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of bis-isatin scaffolds with
alkyl/ether linkers between the two isatin moieties against different human breast cancer cell lines including
A549, MCF-7 and their drug-resistant counterparts A549/CDDP, MCF-7/ADM cells.

Methods:
The 1-[(1R, 2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]ciprofloxacin-(4-methyl/phenyl/benzyl-3-aryl)-1,2,4-
triazole-5(4H)-thione hybrids were screened for their in vitro activity against drug-sensitive lung
(A549), breast (MCF-7) and their drug-resistant counterparts A549/CDDP (cisplatin-resistant), MCF-
7/ADM (doxorubicin-resistant) cancer cell lines by MTT assay. The inhibitory activity of these hybrids
against topoisomerase II and EGFR was also evaluated to investigate the potential mechanism of action
of these hybrids.

Result:
The most prominent hybrid 7k (IC50: 37.28-49.05 µM) was comparable to Vorinostat against
A549 and A549/CDDP lung cancer cells, and was 2.79-2.94 times more active than Vorinostat against
MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADM breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, hybrid 7k (IC50: 8.6 and 16.4 µM) also
demonstrated dual inhibition against topoisomerase II and EGFR.

Conclusion:
The 1-[(1R, 2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]ciprofloxacin-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione hybrids
possess equally activity against both drug-sensitive cancer cells and their drug-resistant counterparts,
and the majority of them were no inferior to the reference Vorinostat. The mechanistic study revealed
that these hybrids could inhibit both topoisomerase II and EGFR, so these hybrids can be developed as
dual-acting mechanism anticancer agents.
Enhanced Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymer Blended with Nanographene
Authors: Hussein Seenaa , Abd-Elnaiem Alaa , Ali Nadia , Mebed Abdelazim 
Published: March 2020

Background:The addition of nanofillers to polymers for enhanced performance is delivering more interesting applications for aerospace, aeronautic industries, and other numerous nanotechnical applications.Objective:The aim was, therefore, to examine the role of graphene nanopowder on the thermal stability and conductivity of the poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVA/PVP) polymer nanocomposites.Methods:In this work, graphene nanofillers were incorporated into the PVA/PVP polymer blended by solution mixing for the preparation of nanocomposite films.Results:Results showed that increasing graphene ratio improved thermal conductivity up to 330%, moreover enhancing hardness shore A up to 16.3% compared to pure PVA/PVP blend polymer. TGA analysis confirmed that the PVA/PVP and graphene network showed good thermal stability.Conclusion:From the present findings, it is proved that PVA/PVP blends have profound effects on thermal stability that cannot be attained by using individual counterparts. The property of the nanocomposite depends on the host blend, morphology, and interfacial characteristics.
Outpatient Treatment of Hemorrhoidal Disease: The Alternative Way to Treat Hemorrhoidal Disease in a Simple, Safe and Effective Manner
Authors: Tutino Roberta , Salamone Giuseppe , De Marco Paolino , Cocorullo Gianfranco , Gulotta Gaspare 
Published: March 2020

Background::
Hemorrhoidal disease is a widespread problem in healthy working patients.
The traditional surgical approaches cause a loss of several working days related to the post--
operative course that is often painful. To avoid these problems while offering a symptoms resolution
in patients with low degrees hemorrhoids, the non-surgical treatments are nowadays largely
proposed in proctological clinics.

Methods:
We resume the recent literature on the issue to offer a practical and easy to use guide for
clinicians.

Results:
Rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy and infrared coagulation are cost effective,
safe and effective treatments for patients with II- and III-degree hemorrhoids. Relapses are commons
even if the procedures can be repeated until symptoms resolution. IV-degree hemorrhoids are
not suitable of these treatments.

Conclusion:
The proctological clinics must evaluate the quality of life offered to patients and discuss
with them the appropriate treatment in order to select the most appropriate one for symptoms
resolution and disease cure. Less is not always the best but can be an alternative to be offered.
Selective Inhibition of Esophageal Cancer Stem-like Cells with Salinomycin
Authors: Zarei Mahdi , Jazi Marie S. , Tajaldini Mahboubeh , Khosravi Ayyoob , Asadi Jahanbakhsh 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Targeting Cancer Stem-Like Cells (CSLCs) can provide promising new therapeutic
strategies to inhibit cancer progression, metastasis and recurrence. Salinomycin (Sal), an antibacterial ionophore,
has been shown to inhibit CSCs specifically. Recently, it has been reported that Sal can destabilize TAZ, the
hypo pathway transducer in CSLCs.

Objective:
Here, in the current study, we aimed to assess the differential toxicity of Sal in esophageal CSLCs
and its relation to TAZ gene expression.

Methods:
The esophageal cancer cell line, KYSE-30, was used for the enrichment of CSLCs. The expression of
TAZ was knocked down using specific siRNA transfection and then the cytotoxicity of Sal was measured using
XTT assay. The qRT-PCR method was used for gene expression assessment and the sphere formation ability
was monitored using light microscopy.

Result:
Our findings showed that esophageal CSLCs over-express stemness-associated genes, including SOX2,
OCT4 as well as TAZ (~14 fold, P value=0.02) transcription coactivator. We found Sal can selectively inhibit
KYSE-30 CSLCs viability and sphere formation ability; however, TAZ knockdown does not change its differential
toxicity.

Conclusion:
Overall, our results indicated that Sal can selectively decrease the viability of esophageal CSLCs in
a TAZ-independent manner.