bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐World Analysis: Long‐Term Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation With Different Waveforms for Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
Authors: Do Thoai T. , Smet Iris , Jerjir Ali , Vandamme Katrien , Devos Marieke , Van Buyten Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is effective for patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). SCS improves their pain, as well as their functionality and health‐related quality of life. Different waveforms for SCS have emerged that show improvement in small prospective studies. Analysis of real‐world data shows the clinical implementation and the effect of different waveforms in SCS.MethodsA real‐world analysis was performed of 208 patients with FBSS who were treated over 3 years. Stimulators with tonic, burst, high‐density, and 10‐kHz high‐frequency (HF10) waveforms were implanted in patients with FBSS who had predominant pain in the back, legs, or both back and legs. Pain as measured by the VAS, functional disability as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and health‐related quality of life as measured by the 3‐level EuroQol 5‐Dimension (EQ5D‐3L) questionnaire were determined at baseline and for outcome assessment.ResultsSCS is effective for patients with FBSS. This analysis showed a change in baseline VAS score from 8.0 to 4.7 (P < 0.0001) at 24 months. The EQ5D‐3L score improved from 0.29 to 0.49 (P < 0.0001) at 24 months. The ODI score improved from 54% to 42% (P < 0.0001) at 24 months. The unanticipated explantation rate was only 1.6%.ConclusionThis study of SCS showed significant long‐term improvement in pain, disability, and quality of life in a large dataset of patients with FBSS. Strict selection procedures and a strong opioid policy contributed to the high success rate and low unanticipated explantation rate. There was no difference in pain reduction between tonic and HF10 stimulation. Further investigation is necessary to detect any difference between other waveforms of SCS.
Mechanical stimulation is a risk factor for phlebitis associated with peripherally inserted central venous catheter in neonates
Authors: Igarashi Aiko , Okuno Takashi , Shimizu Tatsuto , Ohta Genrei , Ohshima Yusei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) management plan for neonates previously included routine inspection for swelling and induration of the insertion site of a PICC using palpation. However, we discontinued routine palpation from July 13, 2018, owing to a peculiarly high incidence of PICC‐related phlebitis. The aim of this study was to prove that routine palpation was the cause of PICC‐related phlebitis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and underwent PICC placement from January 2018 to January 2019. The infants were classified into palpating (before July 13, 2018) and non‐palpating (after or on July 13, 2018) groups. We analyzed and compared the incidence of PICC‐related phlebitis in the two groups.ResultsPhlebitis related to PICC was more frequently observed in the palpating group (10/29 infants, 34.5%) than in the non‐palpating group (1/31, 3.2%) (P = 0.002). After discontinuation of routine palpating in PICC management, the frequency of non‐scheduled removal of the PICC due to phlebitis decreased. The indwelling period was significantly longer in the non‐palpating group than in the palpating group.ConclusionsOur results suggest that mechanical stimulation using palpation of the insertion site was the cause of PICC‐related phlebitis, resulting in early non‐scheduled removal.
Management and prevention of varicella and measles infections in pediatric solid organ transplant candidates and recipients: An IPTA survey of current practice
Authors: Pittet Laure F. , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Allen Upton D. , Ardura Monica I. , Chaudhuri Abanti , Goddard Elizabeth , Höcker Britta , Michaels Marian G. , Van der Linden Dimitri , Green Michael , Posfay‐Barbe Klara M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundVaricella and measles infections can be life‐threatening after solid organ transplantation (SOT) but may be preventable with live‐attenuated vaccines (LAV).MethodsThis survey conducted in January 2019 among subscribers of the International Pediatric Transplantation Association listserv aimed to explore the current strategies to prevent and manage both infections in the pediatric SOT population, including recommending LAV after SOT.ResultsThe answers given by 95 pediatric SOT healthcare workers show that these strategies are not yet optimal and call for further education. In particular, 59% of respondents are unnecessarily waiting for a SOT candidate to be >1 year of age to start administrating LAV before SOT. Interestingly, most respondents are willing to administer LAV after SOT (57%), and a fifth (21%) are already doing so, off‐label. The survey queried the precautions taken to improve safety evaluations after LAV, and identified knowledge gaps and practitioners’ concerns.ConclusionThe results of this survey could be used as a starting point for education and promotion of the safe administration of LAV in carefully selected SOT recipients; in turn, this would increase available data that would contribute to the development of evidence‐based guidelines by the transplant societies and ultimately prevent these infections after SOT.
A retrospective, descriptive study of patients with Mycosis fungoides treated by phototherapy (oral PUVA, NB‐UVB) with a twice‐weekly regimen at the Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand, with an experiential timeline of 13 years
Authors: Pattamadilok Bensachee , Poomputsar Thanida 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhototherapy has been a first‐line treatment for early‐stage mycosis fungoides (MF) since 1976. Oral 8‐methoxypsoralen plus ultraviolet A (oral PUVA) and narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) are favorable modalities owing to their availability. In previous studies, phototherapy was conducted thrice per week initially, which is not feasible for many patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate the initial clinical responses and time to relapse in patients with early‐stage MF treated with oral PUVA and NB‐UVB at a twice‐weekly regimen.MethodsWe reviewed the records of patients with biopsy‐proven MF who received oral PUVA or NB‐UVB in 2002‐2014. Demographic data, staging, response to initial course of phototherapy, and initial relapse‐free interval were collected.ResultsAmong 70 patients, 14 (20%) and 56 (80%) were treated with oral PUVA and NB‐UVB, respectively. The majority had early‐stage MF (IA, 22.9%, IB, 57.1%, and IIA, 4.3%). Oral PUVA led to a complete response (CR) in 2 (14.3%) patients and partial response (PR) in 7 (50%) patients; 17 (30.4%) and 25 (44.6%) patients, respectively, achieved CR and PR with NB‐UVB. The number of treatments was similar in both groups. The cumulative dose was 520.7 J/cm2 for PUVA and 41.6 J/cm2 for NB‐UVB. There was no initial relapse in the 2 (100%) patients and in 10 (58.8%) patients treated with oral PUVA and NB‐UVB at 18 months and 9.14 months of follow‐up, respectively.ConclusionPatients with early‐stage MF can achieve clinical response with oral PUVA and NB‐UVB, with a twice per week regimen. The initial relapse‐free interval was longer than 1 year.
Practical knowledge and error in action
Authors: Kietzmann Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractG.E.M. Anscombe’s account of practical knowledge raises a puzzle for cases of practical error, i.e. cases where, due to a mistake of mine, I am not in fact doing what I mean to be doing. It can seem that in such cases, we must both affirm and deny the presence of practical knowledge. It must be present, because practical error presupposes that there is an intentional action in which the mistake occurs, which in turn presupposes practical knowledge as a formal‐causal condition. At the same time, practical knowledge can’t be present, because I am not doing what I think I am doing, and therefore can’t have knowledge of what I am doing. I discuss and reject various attempts to deal with the problem. The solution I propose and defend against objections relies on applying the Aristotelian‐Thomistic conceptual framework of form and matter to intentional action.
Saved through technology: Exploring the soteriology and eschatology of transhumanism
Authors: Leidenhag Mikael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccording to the intellectual and cultural movement of transhumanism, human beings are in the early stages of development, and it encourages the use of modern science to radically enhance physical, intellectual, psychological and moral capacities. This article offers an overview of transhumanism by outlining its historical roots and some current debates within this movement. This article will further describe several theological responses to transhumanist ambitions and predictions about the future. As will be seen in this article, how one understands ‘salvation’ affects whether the relationship between Christianity and transhumanism can be framed in terms of a conflict or cautious friendship. The article will end by showing the ways in which transhumanism itself gives rise to both soteriological and eschatological beliefs about human nature and the wider cosmos.
Soil fertility and bacterial community composition in a semiarid Mediterranean agricultural soil under long‐term tillage management
Authors: Yaghoubi Khanghahi Mohammad , Cucci Giovanna , Lacolla Giovanni , Lanzellotti Loredana , Crecchio Carmine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research attempted to investigate a part of the United Nations sustainable development goal 15, dealing with preventing land degradation and halting the loss of microorganisms’ diversity. Since soil deterioration and biodiversity loss in the Mediterranean area are occurring because of intensive management, we evaluated some biochemical and microbiological parameters and bacterial biodiversity under long‐term conventional tillage (CT) and no‐tillage (NT) practices, in Basilicata, a typical Region of Southern Italy, characterized by a semiarid ecosystem. The highest biological fertility index (BFI) (composed of soil organic matter, microbial biomass C, cumulative microbial respiration during 25 days of incubation, basal respiration, metabolic quotient and mineralization quotient) was determined for the 0–20 cm of NT soil (class V, high biological fertility level). The analysis of the taxonomic composition at the phylum level revealed the higher relative abundance of copiotrophic bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the NT soil samples as compared to the CT soil. These copiotrophic phyla, more important decomposers of soil organic matter (SOM) than oligotrophic phyla, are responsible of a higher microbial C use efficiency (CUE) in tilled soil, being microbial community composition, C substrates content and CUE closely linked. The higher Chao1 and Shannon indices, under the NT management, also supported the hypothesis that the bacterial diversity and richness increased in the no‐till soils. In conclusion, we can assume that the long‐term no‐tillage can preserve an agricultural soil in a semiarid ecosystem, enhancing soil biological fertility level and bacterial diversity.
The perils of ‘yo‐yo’ thinking: Positioning culture in Pentecostal healing
Authors: Eves Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLike other Pentecostals, the Lelet of central New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, are urged to reject significant aspects of their cultural tradition in order to become born‐again Christians. Most Lelet Pentecostals say that all use of magic must be abandoned. I use the example of healing to show how commitments to break with the past are influenced by life’s exigencies, such as illness. Pragmatic responses to illness may see people move between forms of therapy that are considered mutually exclusive – that is, between Christian healing and magic. Some judge this wavering derisively as “yo‐yo” thinking. I suggest that a more subtle and open‐minded appreciation of the Pentecostal stress on breaking with the past is to see this as situational – that is, as necessarily influenced by contingencies. Despite the rhetoric of absolute rupture being widely proclaimed, putting this into practice while negotiating the exigencies of life is a decidedly more complex and fluid matter. Lelet pragmatism sometimes stands in the way of the radical idealism of Pentecostalism.
Punctate fluorescein staining scores in dogs with or without aqueous tear deficiency
Authors: Saito Akihiko , Iwashita Hiroko , Kitamura Yasunari , Miwa Yukihiro , Arita Reiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the superficial punctate fluorescein staining in dogs with and without aqueous tear deficiency.ProceduresAn eye from each client‐owned dogs presented to Triangle Animal Eye Clinic between January and December 2018 underwent tear and ocular surface tests, which included the Schirmer tear test (STT), phenol red thread test (PRT), and strip meniscometry tube tear test (SMT). Punctate fluorescein staining of the cornea (PFS‐C) and the upper palpebral conjunctiva (PFS‐UPC) were also performed. Fifty‐seven dogs with STT results of <15 mm/min had aqueous tear deficiency (AD); 31 dogs had <10 mm/min and 26 dogs had ≥10 mm/min. The 162 dogs with STT results of ≥15 mm/min did not have AD. The test results of the groups were compared using Kruskal‐Wallis and Steel‐Dwass multiple comparison tests.ResultsTwo hundred and nineteen eyes from 219 dogs were enrolled in this study. The PRT and SMT results, presented as mean ± SD, were significantly lower in the AD group than in the non‐AD group (PRT: 29.5 ± 8.1 vs 36.9 ± 5.6 mm/15 s; SMT: 6.2 ± 3.8 vs 10.8 ± 2.8 mm/5 s). The PFS scores were significantly higher in the AD group than in the non‐AD group (PFS‐C: 4.4 ± 0.7 and 3.7 ± 0.8; PFS‐UPC: 2.3 ± 0.5 and 1.7 ± 0.5).ConclusionsThese results suggest that aqueous tear deficiency is not only reflected by PRT and SMT but also PFS‐C and PFS‐UPC.
Whole blood haemostatic function throughout a 28‐day cold storage period: an in vitro study
Authors: McRae Hannah L. , Kara Ferhat , Milito Chelsea , Cahill Christine , Blumberg Neil , Refaai Majed A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundIn recent years, there has been renewed interest in whole blood (WB) transfusion, particularly in damage control resuscitation, in part due to the ability to provide the adequate ratio of blood components in a single transfusion. However, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that WB units maintain their haemostatic function during storage, which could compromise their quality and efficacy if transfused. Here, we evaluate the in vitro haemostatic function of stored WB units over a 28‐day refrigeration period.MethodsStandard WB units were collected from healthy volunteers and stored at 4°C for 28 days. Samples were collected from each unit on several days throughout the storage period and tested for complete blood count (CBC), WB aggregation, clot kinetics as measured by thromboelastography (TEG), closure time and plasma‐free haemoglobin.ResultsThroughout the storage period, there were gradual, significant decreases in platelet count and function, including WB aggregation in response to collagen (P < 0·05) and closure time with epinephrine (P < 0·0005). Plasma‐free haemoglobin increased substantially (by 163%) throughout the storage period. However, TEG results remained relatively stable for 3 weeks, indicating possible preservation of haemostatic function during that time.ConclusionThis study shows that clot kinetics (as measured by TEG) in WB units stored at 4°C are preserved for up to 21 days. However, high levels of free haemoglobin raise concern for the potential risks of transfusing stored WB. Clinical studies are required to evaluate optimal storage times and outcomes of patients resuscitated with WB as compared to blood components.
Angiogenic potential is reduced in skeletal muscle of aged women
Authors: Olsen L. N. , Hoier B. , Hansen C. V. , Leinum M. , Carter H. H. , Jorgensen T. S. , Bangsbo J. , Hellsten Y. 
Published: September 2020

Key points
The risk of cardiovascular disease and associated skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction is enhanced in women after menopause, yet knowledge about the angiogenic potential in ageing women is generally sparse.
Aged healthy and sedentary women were found to present a markedly impaired capacity for proliferation of skeletal muscle derived microvascular endothelial cells compared to young women.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in skeletal muscle myocytes and release of VEGF from myocytes tended to be lower in aged compared to young women.
The aged women did not show a detectable increase in skeletal muscle capillarization with 8 weeks of intense aerobic cycle training.
Combined, the findings indicate that aged women have a reduced potential for capillary growth in skeletal muscle which, with ageing, may lead to age‐induced microvascular rarefaction.
AbstractSkeletal muscle angiogenic potential was examined in cell cultures derived from aged and young women, and the effect of 8 weeks of intense cycle training on muscle capillary growth was determined in the group of aged women. Basal muscle samples were obtained from healthy sedentary aged (n = 12; 64 ± 4.2 years) and young women (n = 5; 24 ± 3.2 years) for endothelial cell and skeletal muscle myocyte isolation and experiments. In addition, the aged women completed an 8‐week training intervention. Peak oxygen uptake and muscle samples for histology and protein determination were obtained before and after the training period. Before training, muscle microdialysate was collected from the aged women at rest and during exercise. In Part 1 of the experiments, growth‐supplement stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells was ∼75% lower in cells from aged compared to young women (P < 0.001). There was a tendency for a lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in muscle conditioned media (P = 0.0696) and for a lower VEGF content in the myocytes (P = 0.0705) from aged compared to young women. Endothelial proliferation was found to be highly dependent on mitochondrial function. Acute exercise resulted in a modest (1.3‐fold; P = 0.0073) increase in muscle interstitial VEGF protein in the aged women. In Part 2, 8 weeks of intense training did not change muscle capillarization (P ≥ 0.1502) in the aged women, but led to an increased amount of muscle VEGF (P = 0.0339). In conclusion, aged women have impaired angiogenic potential, which is associated with a compromised response both at the skeletal muscle myocyte and microvascular endothelial cell level.
Rapamycin and mTORC2 inhibition synergistically reduce contraction‐stimulated muscle protein synthesis
Authors: Ogasawara Riki , Knudsen Jonas R. , Li Jingwen , Ato Satoru , Jensen Thomas E. 
Published: September 2020

Key points
Muscle contractions increase protein synthesis in a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐dependent manner, yet it is unclear which/how mTOR complexes regulate muscle protein synthesis.
We investigated the requirement of mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2) in contraction‐stimulated muscle protein synthesis.
mTORC2 inhibition by muscle‐specific Rictor knockout (Rictor mKO) did not prevent contraction‐induced muscle protein synthesis.
Rapamycin prevented contraction‐induced muscle protein synthesis in Rictor mKO but not wild‐type mice.
AbstractProtein synthesis increases following muscle contractions. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) suppresses the early but not late muscle protein synthesis response, while inhibition of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 abolishes the two effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that mTORC2 regulates muscle protein synthesis following muscle contractions. To test this, we investigated the effect of mTORC2 inhibition by mouse muscle‐specific Rictor knockout (Rictor mKO) on muscle protein synthesis 3 h after contraction. The right gastrocnemius muscles of Rictor mKO and wild‐type (WT) mice were isometrically contracted using percutaneous electrical stimulation, while the left gastrocnemius muscles served as controls. Vehicle or the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin (1.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before contraction. Treatment of WT mice with rapamycin and Rictor mKO lowered protein synthesis in general, but the response to contractions was intact 3 h after contractions in both conditions. Rapamycin treatment in Rictor mKO mice prevented contraction‐stimulated muscle protein synthesis. Notably, signalling traditionally associated with mTORC1 was increased by muscle contractions despite rapamycin treatment. In rapamycin‐treated Rictor mKO mice, the same mTORC1 signalling was blocked following contractions. Our results indicate that although neither rapamycin‐sensitive mTOR/mTORC1 nor mTORC2 is necessary for contraction‐induced muscle protein synthesis, combined inhibition of rapamycin‐sensitive mTOR/mTORC1 and mTORC2 synergistically inhibits contraction‐induced muscle protein synthesis.
Temperature Gradients at the Solidification Front of Deep Hybrid Laser Welds
Authors: Farrokhi Farhang , Endelt Benny , Andersen Rasmus S. , Kristiansen Morten 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Grain refinement and the avoidance of columnar solidification is a great challenge in the deep penetration laser welds of thick-section steels. Further knowledge about the heat distribution and the temperature gradients in laser welds is vital for future attempts on the grain refinement of such welds. In this study, a comparative investigation was carried out for full and partial penetration hybrid laser welding of structural steel. The transient temperature distribution and temperature gradients were calculated for the experiments using a simplified three-dimensional finite element analysis. A comparative analysis was presented to investigate the influence of penetration mode on the temperature gradient in the liquid at different weld depths. The results of the numerical analysis suggested that, for given welding process parameters, full penetration welds have lower temperature gradients at the solidification front, meaning that they potentially have a higher chance of grain refinement, compared with partial penetration welds.