bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of regional diagnostic reference levels for digital mammography in Western Province of Sri Lanka
Authors: Niroshani H S , Jeyasugiththan Jeyasingam , Senanayake G , Negishi Toru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The radiation dose to the breasts should be kept to a minimum as breast tissues are highly sensitive to radiation. In mammography, the mean glandular dose (MGD) is used to specify the patient dose. In this study, data on the MGD during diagnostic mammographic examinations was collected using the database from six digital mammography facilities available in the Western Province in Sri Lanka. Examinations involving breast pathology, breast implants, or compressed breast thicknesses (CBT) outside the range of 20–110 mm were excluded in this study. The mean MGD per breast was 3.50 mGy, with a mean CBT of 57 mm. The mean MGD per facility varies from 1.58 to 2.27 mGy, with overall 75th and 95th percentiles of 2.15 and 2.82 mGy, respectively. The 75th and 95th percentile MGD per image, for the average CBT of 57 ± 12 mm, were 2.00 and 2.65 mGy respectively. The 75th percentile value of the MGD is suggested for the Western Province and it depends on the specific CBT.
Energy storage performance of 2D MoS2and carbon nanotube heterojunctions in symmetric and asymmetric configuration
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sithara , K A Sree Raj , Kumar Susendaran Ravi , Johari Priya , Rout Chandra Sekhar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExcellent cyclic stability and fast charge/discharge capacity demonstrated by supercapacitors foster research interest into new electrode materials with 100% cycle life and high specific capacitance. We report an improvement in the electrochemical performance of MoS2/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanohybrid and intensively explored its performance in symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembly. The symmetric assembly of MoS2/MWCNT exhibits capacitance of around 274.63 F g−1at 2 A g−1with higher specific energy/power outputs (20.70 Wh kg−1/1.49 kW kg−1) as compared to the supercapacitor based on pristine MoS2(5.82 Wh kg−1/1.07 kW kg−1). On the other hand, a unique all-carbon-based ASC assembled with MoS2/MWCNT and VSe2/MWCNT composite with K2SO4as electrolyte delivers the highest energy density of 32.18 Wh kg−1at a power density of 1.121 kW kg−1with exceptional cycling stability and excellent retention of about 98.43% even after 5000 cycles. These outstanding results demonstrate the excellent electrochemical properties of both symmetric and asymmetric systems with high energy density and performance, which further enable them to be a potential candidate for supercapacitor applications.
Development of a collective scattering system and its application to the measurement of multiscale fluctuations in KSTAR plasmas
Authors: Lee W , Lee D J , Park H K , Nam Y U , Lee T-G , Choi M J , Ahn H-J , Park H-K , Na Y-S , Park M S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A four-channel collective scattering system (CSS) has been developed to extend the current turbulence measurement capability (poloidal wavenumber

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3 cm−1) beyond the ion gyroscale in the KSTAR tokamak. By utilizing a 300 GHz probe beam and four-channel detector array, the CSS can measure electron density fluctuations of four distinct poloidal wavenumbers from 14 to 26 cm−1 at a high sampling rate (typically 10 MS s−1). In between discharges the radial measurement location can be varied from the plasma center to the outer edge with the remote control of the optical system. In this paper, the details of the major components and laboratory evaluation of the optical system are described. Several initial measurements such as (1) the broadband turbulence reduction during L–H transition, (2) the broadband turbulence increase in H-mode when the amplitude of edge-localized mode crashes is reduced by increased density, (3) the amplification of a quasi-coherent mode by additional heating in high-performance H-mode, and (4) the appearance of high-frequency magnetohydro-dynamical modes during slow L–H transition, are briefly presented. The possibility of the CSS as a hybrid system (of a scattering system and fluctuation interferometer), which complicates the interpretation of the CSS data, is also discussed.
Investigations on electrical parameters degradation and recovery of E-mode GaN high-electron mobility transistors under repetitive unclamped inductive switching stresses based on low-frequency noise
Authors: Xu X B , Li B , Chen Y Q , Wu Z H , He Z Y , En Y F , Huang Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
During no or minimal avalanche capability, the surge ruggedness of the E-mode AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with p-GaN gate has not been fully understood. This work unveils the comprehensive results from repetitive unclamped inductive switching (UIS) measurements on commercial p-gate GaN HEMTs. The Electrical parameters degradation and recovery characteristics have been investigated. Firstly, a careful study has been made about the degradation of output, transfer, gate leakage, and gate capacitance parameters of GaN HEMT devices before and after repetitive UIS pulses, which acting on the device channel. With the help of the low-frequency noises (LFNs), the test results show that the device characteristics have gradual degradation with an increase in UIS pules, including increased threshold voltage (V
th), and decreased gate leakage current (I
gss). Subsequently, the LFN testing is carried out with the increase of UIS pulses. Finally, the recovery characteristics of the devices are studied and the physics associated are discussed after putting the device at room temperature in the air for 1–15 d, which includes DC characteristics and trap density. These results physically confirm that the mechanism of the degradation and recovery of device characteristics, that is the charge trapping effects of electrons. After repetitive UIS stresses, the electrons are trapping and de-trapping on interfaces and in the bulk layer of devices, which can change electric field distribution below the grids. These have a strong impact on the electrical performance of devices.
Decay heating power of various types of plutonium
Authors: Gao Zhengming , Zhao Juan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Analysis of the influence of the decay heating power of plutonium is one of the important tasks of the process in design of nuclear reactors, nuclear waste disposal or mechanical analysis of nuclear explosive devices. The paper simulated the decay heating power of some isotopes by means of cascade decay dynamics, then numerical regression was done and some formulae were obtained describing the heating power of the isotopes respectively. Furthermore, the paper reached to a common formula describing the heating power of all kinds of plutonium, and the heating powers of various types of plutonium used in fields of nuclear energy, nuclear waste disposal or military were obtained. Comparing with other calculation methods, calculating the heating power of various types of plutonium using this common formula raised in the paper could result in higher precision and more efficient, and because of the time-dependence, the common formula could also be used in thermal-related analysis of plutonium considering the storage time.
Prediction of multi-parameters in the inverse heat conduction problems
Authors: Abdelhamid Talaat , Chen Rongliang , Alam Mahbub 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the prediction of the spatial-dependent-heat transfer coefficient γ(x) and- heat flux q(x), using the modified conjugate gradient method (MCGM). The mathematical formulation of the problem well defined and the existence of the minimizer is investigated. We establish the sensitivity and adjoint equations for computing the gradient with respect to γ(x) and q(x). The proposed algorithm 4.1 is derived for reconstructing γ(x) and q(x) using the MCGM. The numerical experiments are examined to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Finally, some conclusions and remarks are given.
Simulation and analysis of inclined flow channel of hydraulic slide valve
Authors: Chen Chen , Song Yilong , Xie Yudong , Han Jiazhen , Liu Yanjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The inclined flow channel, that is, the flow channel axis is not parallel to the slide valve axis, is used in this paper. This flow channel is more conducive to the flow of fluid, thus reducing the kinetic energy loss when the fluid passes through the slide valve. FLUENT simulation software is used to simulate and analyze the two-dimensional flow field of slide valve flow channel at different angles between flow channel axis and spool axis, and the flow field nephogram at different inclination angles are obtained. The result of simulation is analyzed and the optimal angle is 45 degrees. It also analyzes the influence of different inlet flow velocities on the flow field. The results show that the higher the velocity, the easier the formation of vortices and the greater influence on the pressure difference between inlet and outlet.
Predictions on the water content in natural gas and water distribution in the China-Russia eastern gas pipeline
Authors: Zhang Kejia , Li Changjun , Wang Yubin , Ouyang Xin , Jia Wenlong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the process of natural gas transportation, the existence of free water is a disturbing problem. This paper studies the calculation model of the natural gas water content of the China-Russia eastern gas pipeline and the amount and distribution of fluid accumulation in the China-Russia eastern gas pipeline commissioning stage. By comparing the calculation, Li correlation with the Keenan-Keyes model is a suitable model for calculating the natural gas water content of the China-Russia eastern gas pipeline. According to the model and software calculation, under the winter conditions in the first year of production of the China-Russia eastern gas pipeline, the total water accumulation in the pipeline increases with the increase of water content. The water produced in the pipeline can reach 255 × 103 m3 in the case of saturated water content in the first year of production. The water accumulation in the pipeline is mainly distributed in the ascending part of the low-lying pipe section. Where the height difference of the pipeline is greater, the water accumulation is more serious. In the pipeline section with a mileage of 53km - 134km, the water accumulation was the most serious, and the liquid holdup was as high as 0.66.
The overlap phases of SIC-POVMs
Authors: Lü Xin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A symmetric informationally complete positive-operator-valued measure (SIC-POVM) is a special type of generalized quantum measurements that possesses a high degree of symmetry. It plays an important role in quantum tomography, quantum cryptography and foundations of quantum mechanics. The most important and difficult problem about SIC-POVM is to show its existence in every dimension n, which is suggested by many numerical evidences. In this paper, this existence problem of SIC-POVMs is investigated by considering their overlap phases. Specifically, the symmetric requirements of SIC-POVMs are encoded into the overlap phases between the fiducial project and the n
2 displacement operators. In this way, an equivalent condition of the existence of Weyl-Heisenberg group covariant SIC-POVMs is obtained in terms of these phases, so that a set of complex equations is established, which enables one to study the existence problem in a more explicit and direct fashion. In particular, we show that all the numbers appearing in the overlap phases have to be algebraic numbers. The significance of Zauner’s conjecture in our equivalent condition is also discussed, and therefore the SIC-POVMs in dimension four is constructed explicitly. Actually, our system of equations always admits a solution, the real difficulty lies in how to ensure these complex number solutions are of norm one, and therefore indeed phases. Our result shows that constructing SIC-POVMs from the overlap phases is possible, and symmetries can be applied directly to reduce the number of equations, so that it provide new insights into the difficult problem of SIC-POVMs, especially about the algebraic properties of these overlap phases.
Turing pattern of a reaction-diffusion predator-prey model with weak Allee effect and delay
Authors: Li Yexuan , Liu Hua , Wei Yumei , Ma Ming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate a reaction-diffusion model with gestation delay and weak Allee effect. The conditions of delay-induced instability are obtained after stability analysis. By using numerical simulation, we discuss the effects of gestation delay and weak Allee effect on the Turing pattern. The results show that weak Allee effect and gestation delay can change the pattern formations. This means Allee effect and delay play significant roles in spatial invasion of populations.
Shapable bulk agarose–gelatine–hydroxyapatite–minocycline nanocomposite fabricated using a mineralizing system aided with electrophoresis for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhang Heng , He Xiaoxue , Zhang Ya , Li Quanli , Liu Yueming , Zhang Yiwen , Wang Zonghua , Zhu Qinghai , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To develop a shapable bulk antibacterial nanocomposite biomaterial for bone regeneration. A bulk agarose–gelatine hydrogel was mineralized using a hydrogel mineralizing system aided with electrophoresis, and the mineralized hydrogel was loaded with minocycline to obtain the agarose–gelatine–hydroxyapatite–minocycline nanocomposite. The nanocomposite had a large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 44.4518 m2 g−1 and a high porosity of 76.9%. Hydroxyapatite crystals were well developed in the hydrogel matrix and exhibited a hybrid structure of microscale and nanoscale motifs. The addition of minocycline resulted in a continuous antibiotic release, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus over 2 weeks in vitro. Exposed to rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the nanocomposite revealed good cytocompatibility in vitro. Furthermore, the biomaterial could effectively enhance the bone regeneration in a critical-size rabbit cranial defect model in vivo. These findings depicted that the nanocomposite, with good biocompatibility and good antibacterial property, is a promising candidate for future clinical application in bone tissue engineering or as a prospective bone replacement biomaterial.
Long-term atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition in West African savanna over 16 year period (Lamto, Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Ossohou Money , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Yoboué Véronique , Adon Marcellin , Delon Claire , Gardrat Eric , Konaté Ismaël , Ki Adja , Zouzou Raphaël 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a long term assessment trend of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition in Sub Saharan Africa (2000–2015) using observational and model data. This work proposes a compilation of International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in Africa wet and dry nitrogen deposition fluxes collected at the wet savanna site of Lamto (Côte d’Ivoire). Total deposition calculation takes in account: (a) gaseous (NO2, NH3, HNO3) dry deposition fluxes estimated by considering nitrogen compound concentrations at the monthly scale and modeling average monthly dry deposition velocities, (b) particulate PM10 (pNO3
−, pNH4
+) dry deposition fluxes calculated using the same inferential method and (c) wet deposition (WD) fluxes including ions concentration measurements (NO3
−, NH4
+) in rainwater combined with rainfall amount. We demonstrate for the first time the monthly and annual decreasing trends for dry nitrogen deposition of N-NO2 (−2.33% month−1 and −2.54% yr−1) and N-NH3 (−2.55% month−1 and −2.89% yr−1), but increasing trends for dry deposition of N-HNO3 (+1.00% month−1) and WD of N-NO3
− (+1.67% month−1 and +2.13% yr−1) and N-NH4
+ (+2.33% month−1 and +3.36% yr−1). Dry season N-NO2 deposition flux decline shows agreement with long term trend in NOx emissions by biomass burning. Increasing trends for wet N deposition signals a gradual increase of nitrogen fertilizers use in agricultural practices in the Lamto area. Results also show no significant trend in total N deposition over the 16 year study period explained by the compensation of decreasing and increasing trends for dry and wet N deposition, respectively. However, at the annual scale, the mean total N deposition flux is estimated to 10.3 ± 1.2 kgN ha−1 yr−1 over the 16 year period, indicating an increase of 8% compared to the period 2000–2007.
Detecting multiple sclerosis via breath analysis using an eNose, a pilot study
Authors: Ettema A R , Lenders M W P M , Vliegen J , Slettenaar A , Tjepkema-Cloostermans M C , de Vos C C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present study we investigated whether multiple sclerosis (MS) can be detected via exhaled breath analysis using an electronic nose (eNose). The AeonoseTM (an eNose, The eNose Company, Zutphen, the Netherlands) is a diagnostic test device to detect patterns of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. We evaluated whether the AeonoseTM can make a distinction between the breath patterns of patients with MS and healthy control subjects. In this mono-center, prospective, non-invasive study, 124 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of MS and 129 control subjects each breathed into the AeonoseTM for 5 min. Exhaled breath data was used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) predictive model. To investigate the influence of medication intake we created a second predictive model with a subgroup of MS patients without medication prescribed for MS. The ANN model based on the entire dataset was able to distinguish MS patients from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66–0.82) and specificity of 0.60 (0.51–0.69). The model created with the subgroup of MS patients not using medication and the healthy control subjects had a sensitivity of 0.93 (0.82–0.98) and a specificity of 0.74 (0.65–0.81). The study showed that the AeonoseTM is able to make a distinction between MS patients and healthy control subjects, and could potentially provide a quick screening test to assist in diagnosing MS. Further research is needed to determine whether the AeonoseTM is able to differentiate new MS patients from subjects who will not get the diagnosis.
Experimental investigation of damage formation and material removal in ultrasonic assisted grinding of RBSiC
Authors: Liu Jinting , Kang Renke , Dong Zhigang , Zheng Feifei , Zeng Yanfen , Bao Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic assisted grinding (UAG) has been considered as a prominent processing method of the reaction bonded silicon carbide (RBSiC). To improve the knowledge of UAG process, both conventional grinding (CG) and UAG were used to process the RBSiC for in-depth investigation. Grinding forces, surface topographies, and subsurface damages during CG and UAG were compared. Furtherly, the ground surface was analyzed on aspects of both topographical characteristics and material removal mechanism. The results indicated that the removal of material is mainly achieved by the intersections of cracks initiated from both big SiC particles and mixture area of silicon matrix and small SiC grains. The crack propagation during UAG was more intensified due to the ultrasonic impact, which results in higher efficiency of machining RBSiC.
Hospital-Based Donor Recruitment and Predonation Serologic Testing for COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma
Authors: Balcerek Joanna , Trejo Evelin , Levine Kendall , Couey Paul , Kornberg Zoe V , Rogine Camille , Young Charlotte , Li P Jonathan , Shy Brian R , Taylor Jordan E , Bakhtary Sara , Friedlander Terence , Lynch Kara L , Bern Caryn , Esensten Jonathan H 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesSerologic testing for antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in potential donors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) may not be performed until after blood donation. A hospital-based recruitment program for CCP may be an efficient way to identify potential donors prospectivelyMethodsPatients who recovered from known or suspected COVID-19 were identified and recruited through medical record searches and public appeals in March and April 2020. Participants were screened with a modified donor history questionnaire and, if eligible, were asked for consent and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and IgM). Participants positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG were referred for CCP collection.ResultsOf 179 patients screened, 128 completed serologic testing and 89 were referred for CCP donation. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 23 of 51 participants with suspected COVID-19 and 66 of 77 participants with self-reported COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG level met the US Food and Drug Administration criteria for “high-titer” CCP in 39% of participants confirmed by PCR, as measured by the Ortho VITROS IgG assay. A wide range of SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were observed.ConclusionsA hospital-based CCP donor recruitment program can prospectively identify potential CCP donors. Variability in SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels has implications for the selection of CCP units for transfusion.
Robots as intelligent assistants to face COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Seidita Valeria , Lanza Francesco , Pipitone Arianna , Chella Antonio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotivationThe epidemic at the beginning of this year, due to a new virus in the coronavirus family, is causing many deaths and is bringing the world economy to its knees. Moreover, situations of this kind are historically cyclical. The symptoms and treatment of infected patients are, for better or worse even for new viruses, always the same: more or less severe flu symptoms, isolation and full hygiene. By now man has learned how to manage epidemic situations, but deaths and negative effects continue to occur. What about technology? What effect has the actual technological progress we have achieved? In this review, we wonder about the role of robotics in the fight against COVID. It presents the analysis of scientific articles, industrial initiatives and project calls for applications from March to now highlighting how much robotics was ready to face this situation, what is expected from robots and what remains to do.ResultsThe analysis was made by focusing on what research groups offer as a means of support for therapies and prevention actions. We then reported some remarks on what we think is the state of maturity of robotics in dealing with situations like COVID-19.
A Negotiative Theory of Journalistic Roles
Authors: Raemy Patric , Vos Tim P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In probing how journalists negotiate the perceived discrepancy between their social role orientation and role performance, we arrive at a negotiative theory of roles. The theory is based on an inductive study where we combine classic theoretical frameworks of role theory with conceptual approaches of discursive institutionalism and Hochschilds’ theory of feeling rules. We examined journalists’ narratives from qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 Swiss newspaper journalists, who were asked to interpret the perceived gap—found in previous studies—between journalism ideals and journalism practice. The results compelled us to revisit role theories and to consider a number of overlooked or under-utilized analytic features of social roles to propose refinements to the concepts of journalistic roles and role performance. This resulted in a negotiative theory of roles that focuses attention on intra- and interpersonal discourse as well as what we call “role work.”