bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Body Armor in Protection against Blast Injuries using a Swine Model in a Confined Space with a Blast Tube
Authors: Sekine Yasumasa , Saitoh Daizoh , Yoshimura Yuya , Fujita Masanori , Araki Yoshiyuki , Kobayashi Yasushi , Kusumi Hitomi , Yamagishi Satomi , Suto Yuki , Tamaki Hiroshi , Ono Yosuke , Mizukaki Toshiharu , Nemoto Manabu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Regarding blast injuries, fatal damage leading to immediate death is considered due to shock-lung, respiratory arrest, or circulatory failure induced by a neurological reflex, such as the severe vagal nerve reflex. It has not yet been determined whether a bulletproof vest protects against or aggravates shock-lung or the neurological reflexes considered to be fatal in the super-acute phase after an explosion.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to clarify whether a bulletproof vest would protect the body in a pig blast model using a blast tube built at National Defense Medical College, which is the first such blast tube in Japan.
Methods
Seventeen pigs were divided into two groups: the body armor group (n = 6) and the non-body armor group (n = 11). Pigs underwent tracheal intubation with IV and A lines were secured to measure vital signs were checked and collect blood samples. Then, under intravenous anesthesia, the pigs were tightly fixed in the left lateral position on a table and exposed from the back neck to the upper lumbar back to the blast wave and wind with or without body armor, with the driving pressure of the blast tube set to 3.0 MPa. We checked the vital signs, collected blood samples, and observed the pigs for 3 hours after injury.
Results
When the surviving and dead pigs were compared, blood gas analyses revealed significant differences in PaO2, PaCO2, and pH in the super-early phase. In addition, all pigs injured by the blast wave and wind had lung hemorrhage, and 14 of 17 pigs had intra-abdominal hemorrhage with splenic injury. All 6 animals in the body armor group and 6 of the 11 animals in the control group survived for 3 hours after injury. Respiratory arrest immediately after exposure to the blast wave and wind was considered to influence the outcome in our pig model.
Conclusions
Respiratory arrest within several minutes after injury influenced the mortality of pigs. Body armor may have the beneficial effect in protecting against respiratory arrest immediately after an explosion.
Assessing the Digital Economy: Aims, Frameworks, Pilots, Results and Lessons
Authors: Hanna Nagy K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the motivations for a holistic assessment of the digital economy. It outlines the pilot assessment program initiated by the World Bank Group and describes the assessment frameworks, tools and processes deployed in selected pilot countries. It identifies the common challenges faced and lessons learned from applying these assessments in different contexts. These challenges include: prioritizing digital diagnosis objectives, addressing inequality and poverty issues, securing participation and partnership of stakeholders, addressing implementation challenges, and integrating digital transformation strategy into country development strategy. Other challenges include: harnessing digital innovation and entrepreneurship, mobilizing local demand for the new technologies, engaging business in digital diagnosis, and adopting multi-disciplinary and whole-of-society approaches. The article addresses the implications of these challenges and draws broad lessons and practical recommendations for developing countries and aid agencies.
Specific microbiome profile in Takayasu Arteritis (TAK) and Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA).
Authors: DESBOIS Anne-Claire , Ciocan Dragos , David Saadoun , Perlemuter Gabriel , Cacoub Patrice 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives: There is increasing evidence of a close link between microbiota and inflammatory diseases. Microbiota has never been studied in large vessel vasculitis (LVV). We aimed to analyse the blood microbiome profile of patients with LVV [Takayasu arteritis (TAK) or giant cell arteritis (GCA)] and healthy donors (HD). Methods : We studied blood samples of 13 patients with TAK (20 samples), 9 (11 samples) with GCA and 15 HD. The blood microbiome profile was assessed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA blood bacterial DNA. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size measurement (LEfSe) was used to analyse the differences in the blood microbiome profile between the groups. Results: Samples of TAK patients showed an increase in the levels of Clostridia, Cytophagia and Deltaproteobacteria and a decrease in Bacilli at the class level as compared to HD (LDA>2, p<0.05). Active compared to inactive TAK patients had significantly lower levels of Staphylococcus. Samples of GCA patients showed an increased abundance of Rhodococcus and an unidentified member of the Cytophagaceae family. Microbiota of TAK compared to GCA patients showed higher levels of Candidatus Aquiluna and Cloacibacterium (LDA>2; p<0.05). Differences in blood microbiome were also associated with a shift of bacterial predicted metabolic functions in TAK compared to HD. Similar results were also found in active compared to inactive TAK patients. In conclusion , TAK patients showed a specific blood microbiome profile as compared to healthy controls and GCA patients. Among TAK patients, significant changes of blood microbiome profile were associated with specific metabolic functions.
Epidemiology analysis of the incidence of severe maternal outcomes between level 2 and 3 hospitals in China’s Hunan province from 2012 to 2018
Authors: zhiyu Liu , Lili Xiong , Aihua Wang , Mengjun Zeng , Yinglan Wu , Donghua Xie , Fanjuan Kong , Hua Wang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: This facility-based study analyzed the epidemiology and incidence of maternal near-miss (MNM) and mortality by hospital level as part of Hunan province’s efforts to raise the quality of hospital care for women. Methods: We used data for MNM and mortality cases for 2012–2018 from 17 hospitals (12 level 2 facilities, five level 3 facilities) that receive referrals for obstetric complications in Hunan province. Data were drawn from China’s National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System, and collected using the World Health Organization near-miss tool. We calculated the ratio of severe maternal outcomes (SMO) (i.e., MNM and maternal death [MD] cases), mortality index (MI), and MNM to mortality ratio (MNM:MD), and epidemiological factors, organ dysfunction, and maternal complications stratified by hospital level. Chi-square tests to examine differences between groups and total ratios and 95% CI were calculated. Results: There were 518 SMO cases (489 MNM and 29 MD) among 279407 live births (LBs) and 1299 SMO cases(1262 MNM and 37 MD) among 232386 LBs in level 2 and 3 facilities. The total MNM ratio in level 2 and 3 hospitals was 1.75 (95%CI: 1.60–1.91) and 5.43 (95%CI: 5.14–5.74) per 1000 LBs, respectively. There were differences in SMO cases between level 2 and 3 hospitals in maternal age, education, parity, antenatal visits, and history of cesarean sections. In MNM cases, coagulation dysfunction was the main organ dysfunction (level 2 hospitals: 59.10%; level 3 hospitals: 79.32%), and the main maternal complications were obstetric hemorrhage (level 2 hospitals: 71.98%) and hepatopathy (level 3 hospitals: 69.49%). For MD cases, the main maternal complications were neurologic dysfunction (level 2 hospitals: 41.38%) and coagulation dysfunction (level 3 hospitals: 42.55%). Anemia was the main maternal complication for SMO cases in both level 2 (69.69%) and 3 (68.59%) hospitals. Conclusions: MNM and MD is higher in level 3 hospitals compared with level 2 hospitals. The obstetric emergency capacity of level 3 hospitals is higher than that of level 2 hospitals. Future government policies should consider upgrading the obstetric emergency treatment capacity in level 2 hospitals or to re-distinguish the social functions of different medical institutions.
The value of atherogenic index of plasma in non-obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a secondary analysis based on a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Dong Buyuan , Mao Yuqing , Li Zhengyang , Yu Fujun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is elevated in fatty liver, but its value in non-obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear.
Methods
The present study involved non-obese Chinese and Japanese participants. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression model to determine risk factors. The performances of risk factors were compared by calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results
In the unadjusted model, we observed that odds ratio (OR) for every one standard deviation (SD) increase in AIP was 52.30. In the adjusted model I and model II, the OR for every one SD increase in AIP was 36.57 and 50.84, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AIP was 0.803 and 0.802 in the development group and in the validation group, respectively. The best cut-off value of AIP in the discrimination between NAFLD and non-NAFLD was 0.005 in the Chinese group and was − 0.220 in the Japanese group, respectively.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that AIP and NAFLD have a positive correlation in Chinese and Japanese populations. AIP is an independent correlative factor of non-obese patients with NAFLD, which can be used as a new indicator of health examination.
The Use of Mobile Phones for the Prevention and Control of Arboviral Diseases: A Scoping Review
Authors: Carrillo Maria Angelica , Kroeger Axel , Sanchez Rocio Cardenas , Monsalve Sonia Diaz , Ranzinger Silvia Runge 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The rapid expansion of dengue, Zika and chikungunya with large scale outbreaks are an increasing public health concern in many countries. Additionally, the recent coronavirus pandemic urged the need to get connected for fast information transfer and exchange. As response, health programmes have -among other interventions- incorporated digital tools such as mobile phones for supporting the control and prevention of infectious diseases. However, little is known about the benefits of mobile phone technology in terms of input, process and outcome dimensions. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyse the evidence of the use of mobile phones as an intervention tool regarding the performance, acceptance, usability, feasibility, cost and effectiveness in dengue, Zika and chikungunya control programmes. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of studies and reports by systematically searching: i) electronic databases (PubMed, PLOS ONE, PLOS Neglected Tropical Disease, LILACS, WHOLIS, ScienceDirect and Google scholar), ii) grey literature, using Google web and iii) documents in the list of references of the selected papers. Selected studies were categorized using a pre-determined data extraction form. Finally, a narrative summary of the evidence related to general characteristics of available mobile health tools and outcomes was produced. Results: The systematic literature search identified 1289 records, 32 of which met the inclusion criteria. From the reference lists of included articles 4 records were identified coming to a total of 36 studies. The content analysis identified five mobile phone categories: mobile applications (n = 18), short message services (n=7), camera phone (n = 6), mobile phone tracking data (n = 4), and simple mobile communication (n = 1). These devices were used for surveillance, prevention and management. In general, mobile phone-based studies reported good performance, acceptance by users, usability in downloads as well as feasibility of mobile phone under real life conditions and effectiveness in terms of contributing to a reduction of vectors and disease. It can be concluded that there are great opportunities for using mobile phones in the fight against arboviral diseases as well as other epidemic diseases . Further studies particularly on acceptance, cost and effectiveness at scale are recommended.
Thyroid function and thyroglobulin level in iodine deficient children of eastern Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Saroj , Khatiwada Saroj , Gelal Basanta , Thapa Saroj , Shah Gaurishankar , Baral Nirmal , Lamsal Madhab 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: Both iodine deficiency and excess can negatively impact thyroid function. The present study was conducted to assess iodine nutrition among children and thyroid function in iodine deficient children. Results: A total of 1012 school aged children (6-14 years) from several schools of Udayapur district were enrolled initially for the assessment of urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Blood samples (n=83) were collected from a subgroup of children who had UIC<100 µg/L to measure serum thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4). Serum UIC was measured by ammonium persulfate digestion method and Tg, TSH, fT4 and fT3 were measured by ELISA kits from Diametra Company. The prevalence of insufficient UIC (UIC<100 µg/L) was 11.1% in school children’s of Udayapur district. The median UIC was 236 µg/L. The mean fT3, fT4 and TSH among children with insufficient UIC were 2.55±0.43 pg/mL, 0.96±0.28 ng/dL and 3.60±1.44 mIU/L respectively. The Median Tg was 17.5 ng/mL. Overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was seen in 6% and 3.6% cases with UIC<100 µg/L respectively.
Cell-free DNA screening for sex chromosomal aneuploidies in 9985 pregnancies: Italian single experience.
Authors: Margiotti Katia , Cesta Anthony , Russo Claudio Dello , Cima Antonella , Barone Maria Antonietta Barone , Viola Antonella , Sparacino Davide , Mesoraca Alvaro , Giorlandino Caludio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective : Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) has been widely accepted in recent years to detect common fetal autosomal chromosome aneuploidies and sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). In this study, the clinical performance of our fetal DNA testing was investigated by analyzing the sex chromosome aneuploidy aberrations among 9985 pregnancies. The study was a retrospective analysis of collected NIPT data from the Ion S5 Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform obtained from Altamedica Medical Centre of Rome. Results : NIPT analysis of 9985 pregnancies revealed 31 cases with abnormal SCA results (0.31%). Among the 31 positive NIPT cases, 22 women agreed to undergo fetal karyotyping, whereas 9 refused further analyses. Of the 22 women verified by karyotyping analysis, 77.3% (17/22) were confirmed to be true positive SCAs, whereas 22.7% (5/22) were false positive. Among the true positive cases, 53.0% (9/17) were positive for monosomy X, 17.6% (3/17) were positive for 47,XXX aneuploidy, 23.5% (4/17) were positive for 47,XXY aneuploidy, and 5.9% (1/17) were positive for 47,XYY aneuploidy. In conclusion, the present results confirm that NIPT is a potential method for SCA screening, although this technology needs to be further investigated to improve the test performance.
Effects of Endometriosis on Sleep Quality of Women: Does Life Style Factor Make a Difference?
Authors: Youseflu Samaneh , Sadatmahalleh Shahideh Jahanian , Roshanzadeh Ghazall , Mottaghi Azadeh , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Moini Ashraf 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of lifestyle factors, and sleep quality on endometriosis risk.

Methods

Of the 156 infertile women approached for the study, 78 women had endometriosis and 78 were included in the control group. At first, each participant completed a checklist including questions about demographics, physical activity, reproductive and menstrual status. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dietary data were collected using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative FFQ.

Results

Irregular menstrual status, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, history of abortion, family history of endometriosis were associated with endometriosis risk (P <0.05). In women with physical activity more than 3 hours per week, high consumption of the dairy product, and fruit endometriosis is less common (P <0.05). The total PSQI score, and the scores for subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbance domains were significantly different between the two groups (P <0.05). In women with endometriosis, poor sleep quality was associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, dyspareunia, physical activity, and consumption of the dairy product, fruit, and nut (p<0.05).

Conclusion

In endometriosis women, sleep quality was lower than healthy individuals. Lifestyle factors can effect on sleep quality of these patients.
Temporal changes in psychobehavioural responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
Authors: Wong Li Ping , Alias Haridah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Monitoring public psychological and behavioural responses during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is important for the management of infection prevention and control. This study aims to investigate the temporal trend in preventive measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, fear, socio-economic impact, perception of susceptibility/severity and anxiety levels during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Between 25 January and 3 April 2020 a total of 962 survey responses were received. The majority of respondents had good levels of avoidance and protective behaviour. A high perception of severity (76.5%; 95%CI = 73.7–79.2) of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported but perception of susceptibility was relatively low (30.6%; 95%CI = 27.7–33.6). A sizeable proportion of study participants were greatly impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak, with a total impact score of 9.1 (standard deviation 4.7) from a possible total score of 15, and 72.1% (95%CI = 69.2–75.0) reported moderate to severe anxiety as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Overall, the psychological and behavioural responses were found to increase with progression of the outbreak, however a slightly higher increase was observed for the socio-economic impact. These temporal trends during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic provide valuable insights for mitigation strategies to contain the current rapidly escalating outbreak.
Chloroquine, arbidol (umifenovir) or lopinavir/ritonavir as the antiviral monotherapy for COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Hui , Guan Lili , Yang Yuqiong , Grange Jehane Michael Le , Tang Guoyan , Xu Yifan , Yuan Jingjing , Lin Changqing , Xue Mingshan , Zhang Xinlu , Chen Rongchang , Zhou Luqian , Huang Wenjie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 outbreak was identified in China in December 2019 and spread worldwide, reaching the pandemic levels. However, a specific, effective and proven therapy for the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains elusive. We aim to compare the efficacy and the safety of three antiviral monotherapies (chloroquine phosphate, arbidol (Umifenovir) or lopinavir/ritonavir) in non-severe, hospitalised COVID-19 patients.Methods: We retrospectively analysed the hospitalised, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, treated with antiviral monotherapies at Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital between Jan 19 and Mar 16, 2020. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. The primary outcome of the study was the viral shedding interval.Results: Twenty-seven patients with COVID-19 were included in the study with 10 receiving chloroquine phosphate, 11 receiving arbidol and 6 receiving lopinavir/ritonavir. Baseline demographics and clinical data were similar between groups. The median viral shedding interval in the lopinavir/ritonavir group was 13.0 days (95% CI: 12.2-23.8), while significantly shorter in the chloroquine group at 5.0 days (95% CI: 0.4-9.6) (p=0.003). A reduced median interval was also observed in the arbidol group, with 8.0 days (95%CI: 4.9-11.1) (p=0.008). Moreover, the hospitalisation duration was shorter in the chloroquine (9.3 ± 1.8 days, p<0.001) and arbidol groups (11.7 ± 3.7 days, p<0.001), and the hospitalisation costs were significantly reduced in the chloroquine (USD 1327 ± 566, p=0.001) and arbidol groups (USD 1167 ± 434, p<0.001), when compared with the lopinavir/ritonavir group (hospitalisation length and costs: 19.7 ± 4.4 days and USD 3806 ± 2262, respectively). Conclusions: Chloroquine and arbidol could not only shorten the viral shedding interval but also decreased the hospitalisation duration and hospitalisation expenses.Trial registration: The ethics committee of the Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital approved this study, and the trial was registered with www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000030931).
The method of parameter reassessment for prediction of NCP(2019-nCoV) spread
Authors: Guo Jin-Li , Fu Ya-Zhi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a conversion rate prediction method and a parameter reevaluation method based on Logistic curve (S-curve) to predict the spread of NCP (the Novel coronavirus pneumonia). According to the statistical data, we use the conversion rate prediction method to predict the spread of NCP. The prediction accuracy is quite high. By fitting the cumulative number of NCP sufferers with the logistic curve, the average estimation method of the limit number is proposed to predict the spread of NCP and the limit number of sufferers. This paper also assessing the effectiveness of prevention and control measures with the dynamic estimation of the infection probability of NCP. Based on the Markov property, the parameter reevaluation method proposed in this paper avoids over-fitting the theoretical curve and improves the accuracy of prediction. This research idea is not only suitable for Logistic curve regression, but also for other regression prediction problems.
Report of an Iranian COVID-19 Case in a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patient: Case Report and Insights
Authors: vakili sina , Akbari Hamed , Ghahramani Leila , jamalnia sheida 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The latest outbreak of coronavirus (2019-nCoV), emerging in Wuhan, China, has spread exponentially in 2019.Case presentation: In the present study, we documented a case of COVID-19 in an Iranian patient for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and established the diagnosis, symptoms, and treatments of the case in order to provide non-emergent surgical procedure triage guidelines. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of good collaboration between doctors and the authorities of public health in Iran, plus the demand for urgent exchange of clinical experience and knowledge with regard to the treatment of this infectious disease.