bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material hardship, prefrontal cortex–amygdala structure, and internalizing symptoms in children
Authors: Lichtin Rebecca D. , Merz Emily C. , He Xiaofu , Desai Pooja M. , Simon Katrina R. , Melvin Samantha A. , Maskus Elaine A. , Noble Kimberly G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMaterial hardship, or difficulty affording basic resources such as food, housing, utilities, and health care, increases children's risk for internalizing problems. The uncinate fasciculus (UNC) and two of the gray matter regions it connects—the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala—may play important roles in the neural mechanisms underlying these associations. We investigated associations among material hardship, UNC microstructure, OFC and amygdala structure, and internalizing symptoms in children. Participants were 5–9‐year‐old children (N = 94, 61% female) from socioeconomically diverse families. Parents completed questionnaires assessing material hardship and children's internalizing symptoms. High‐resolution, T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (n = 51), and diffusion tensor imaging (n = 58) data were acquired. UNC fractional anisotropy (FA), medial OFC surface area, and amygdala gray matter volume were extracted. Greater material hardship was significantly associated with lower UNC FA, smaller amygdala volume, and higher internalizing symptoms in children, after controlling for age, sex, and family income‐to‐needs ratio. Lower UNC FA significantly mediated the association between material hardship and internalizing symptoms in girls but not boys. These findings are consistent with the notion that material hardship may lead to altered white matter microstructure and gray matter structure in neural networks critical to emotion processing and regulation.
Fine sediment and flow velocity impact bacterial community and functional profile more than nutrient enrichment
Authors: Juvigny‐Khenafou Noël P. D. , Piggott Jeremy J. , Atkinson David , Zhang Yixin , Wu Naicheng , Matthaei Christoph D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems face many simultaneous pressures due to human activities. Consequently, there has been a rapid loss of freshwater biodiversity and an increase in biomonitoring programs. Our study assessed the potential of benthic stream bacterial communities as indicators of multiple‐stressor impacts associated with urbanization and agricultural intensification. We conducted a fully crossed four‐factor experiment in 64 flow‐through mesocosms fed by a pristine montane stream (21 d of colonization, 21 d of manipulations) and investigated the effects of nutrient enrichment, flow‐velocity reduction and added fine sediment after 2 and 3 weeks of stressor exposure. We used high‐throughput sequencing and metabarcoding techniques (16S rRNA genes), as well as curated biological databases (METAGENassit, MetaCyc), to identify changes in bacterial relative abundances and predicted metabolic functional profile. Sediment addition and flow‐velocity reduction were the most pervasive stressors. They both increased α‐diversity and had strong taxon‐specific effects on community composition and predicted functions. Sediment and flow velocity also interacted frequently, with 88% of all bacterial response variables showing two‐way interactions and 33% showing three‐way interactions including nutrient enrichment. Changes in relative abundances of common taxa were associated with shifts in dominant predicted functions, which can be extrapolated to underlaying stream‐wide mechanisms such as carbon use and bacterial energy production pathways. Observed changes were largely stable over time and occurred after just 2 weeks of exposure, demonstrating that bacterial communities can be well‐suited for early detection of multiple stressors. Overall, added sediment and reduced flow velocity impacted both bacterial community structure and predicted function more than nutrient enrichment. In future research and stream management, a holistic approach to studying multiple‐stressor impacts should include multiple trophic levels with their functional responses, to enhance our mechanistic understanding of complex stressor effects and promote establishment of more efficient biomonitoring programs.
Applications of deep convolutional neural networks to predict length, circumference, and weight from mostly dewatered images of fish
Authors: Bravata Nicholas , Kelly Dylan , Eickholt Jesse , Bryan Janine , Miehls Scott , Zielinski Dan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSimple biometric data of fish aid fishery management tasks such as monitoring the structure of fish populations and regulating recreational harvest. While these data are foundational to fishery research and management, the collection of length and weight data through physical handling of the fish is challenging as it is time consuming for personnel and can be stressful for the fish. Recent advances in imaging technology and machine learning now offer alternatives for capturing biometric data. To investigate the potential of deep convolutional neural networks to predict biometric data, several regressors were trained and evaluated on data stemming from the FishL™ Recognition System and manual measurements of length, girth, and weight. The dataset consisted of 694 fish from 22 different species common to Laurentian Great Lakes. Even with such a diverse dataset and variety of presentations by the fish, the regressors proved to be robust and achieved competitive mean percent errors in the range of 5.5 to 7.6% for length and girth on an evaluation dataset. Potential applications of this work could increase the efficiency and accuracy of routine survey work by fishery professionals and provide a means for longer‐term automated collection of fish biometric data.
Visual trajectory pattern as prognostic factors for neck pain
Authors: Myhrvold Birgitte Lawaetz , Irgens Pernille , Robinson Hilde Stendal , Engebretsen Kaia , Natvig Bård , Kongsted Alice , Køpke Vøllestad Nina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA novel approach capturing both temporal variation and pain intensity of neck pain is by visual trajectory patterns. Recently, both previous and expected visual trajectory patterns were identified as stronger predictors of outcome than traditional measures of pain history and psychological distress. Our aim was to examine patient characteristics within the various previous and expected patterns, relationship between the two patterns and predictive value of a variable combining the previous and expected patterns.MethodsPatients with neck pain (n = 932) consulting chiropractors were included. Baseline measures included pain intensity, disability, psychological variables and symptom history and expectations. Participants reported global perceived effect after 12 weeks. Analyses included descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsPain intensity, disability, psychological and worse outcome expectations increased from a single pain episode to severe ongoing pain of previous and expected patterns. Having a severe pain history was associated with poor prognosis, particularly if combined with negative expectations. The variable combining previous and expected patterns had a discriminative ability similar to that of other predictors AUC = 0.64 (95% CI = 0.60–0–67) versus AUC = 0.66 (95% CI = 0.62–0.70). The model with highest discriminative ability was achieved when adding the combined patterns to other predictors AUC = 0.70 (95% CI = 0.66–0.73).ConclusionThe study indicates that pain expectations are formed by pain history. The patients’ expectations were similar to or more optimistic compared with their pain history. The prognostic ability of the model including a simplified combination of previous and expected patterns, together with a few other predictors, suggests that the trajectory patterns might have potential for clinical use.SignificanceThe dynamic nature of neck pain can be captured by visual illustrations of trajectory patterns. We report, that trajectory patterns of pain history and future expectations to some extent are related. The patterns also reflect a difference in severity assessed by higher degree of symptoms and distress. Moreover, the visual trajectory patterns predict outcome at 12‐weeks. Since the patterns are easily applicable, they might have potential as a clinical tool.
What is knowledge in Industry 4.0?
Authors: Ullah AMM Sharif 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndustry 4.0 relevant systems (eg, cyber‐physical systems, digital twins, and alike) need digitized knowledge to function. Before digitizing knowledge, a fundamental question arises: What is knowledge? In order to answer this question, this study first reviews the definitions of knowledge found in the extant literature of epistemology, engineering design, manufacturing, organization science, information science, and education science. Since the definitions reported so far are not succinct and suffer circularity, this study overcomes this by introducing a three‐element‐based definition of knowledge—a piece knowledge consists of three elements defined as claim, provenance, and inference. This results in four types of knowledge defined as definitional, deductive, inductive, and creative knowledge, and each type of knowledge is again divided into some categories. Some real‐life scenarios relevant to engineering design and manufacturing are used to clarify the proposed knowledge types/categories; the relevant pieces of knowledge are represented by knowledge graphs (concept maps) for the sake of digitization. The myriad proximal and distal relationships between knowledge and other relevant entities (human/machine learning, logical inferences, experimental data, analytical results, creative thinking, and cognitive reflections) become succinct and transparent due to the proposed definition of knowledge. Consequently, this study establishes the fundamentals of developing sophisticated methods and tools for the advancement of Industry 4.0.
Multi‐degree‐of‐freedom force‐displacement mixed control strategy for structural testing
Authors: Zhou Huimeng , Wang Tao , Du Chunbo , Chen Cheng 
Published: August 2020

SummaryStructural members carry spatial loads owing to, for example, gravity, winds, and earthquakes. Loads along multiple degrees of freedoms (DOF) should be synchronously imposed on the loading point for accurately reproducing structural responses under spatial loading. Strong coupling may exist among the multiple DOFs owing to specimen rigidity, posing significant challenges for actuator control. Two major problems should be solved to address this challenge. The first is the nonlinear coordinate transformation from the local actuator space (LAS) to the global Cartesian coordinate (GCC) system, depending on the current GCC position of the loading point. The second is the mixed control scheme for engineering specimens, that is, force control in rigid directions and simultaneous displacement control in soft directions, which depends greatly on the nonlinearities developed in specimens. To overcome these difficulties, a modified Newton‐Raphson (NR) iteration integrated with a PI control (MNR‐PI) is developed to handle material nonlinearity, and the incremental kinematic transformation method integrated with PI control (IKT‐PI) is proposed to solve the nonlinear coordinate transformation problem. The theoretical background of the MNR‐PI, which can be synchronously incorporated with the control process of the loading system to solve nonlinear problems, is first provided. The control gains are then designed by discrete control theory, and a new MDOF force‐displacement mixed control method is accordingly formulated and numerically simulated. Finally, three‐DOF cyclic tests on a steel column are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method.
Facile and low‐cost production of Lantana camara stalk‐derived porous carbon nanostructures with excellent supercapacitance and adsorption performance
Authors: Ganesan Sivarasan , Eswaran Muthusankar , Chokkiah Bavatharani , Dhanusuraman Ragupathy , Lingassamy Arul Pragasan , Ponnusamy Vinoth Kumar , Kumar Gopalakrishnan , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this study, we report a novel biomass‐derived porous carbon nanostructures (BD‐PCNSs) obtained from Lantana camara stem (LAC) using a simple and low‐cost preparation method. LAC biomass was processed with a temperature‐controlled hydrothermal precarbonization cum pyrolysis technique and followed by alkaline surface activation to achieve BD‐PCNSs. The physicochemical properties for the obtained BD‐PCNSs material were confirmed using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption isotherms, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As‐prepared BD‐PCNSs exhibited excellent performances toward supercapacitance and wastewater treatment. BD‐PCNSs showed high‐specific capacitance ~146 Fg−1 in the aqueous electrolyte with excellent coulombic efficiency, and cyclic retention affirms its green energy storage device fabrication. Also, maximum adsorption capacity (106.4 mg g−1) was achieved for the efficient removal of ibuprofen from wastewater and proven as a promising eco‐friendly, and low‐cost absorbent material claim its practical applications.
Practical long‐term storage of strawberries in refrigerated containers at ice temperature
Authors: Ikegaya Atsushi , Ohba Seiji , Nakajima Teruko , Toyoizumi Tomoyasu , Ito Seiko , Arai Eiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of storage temperature in the presence or absence of film packaging on the Benihoppe and Kirapika varieties of Japanese strawberries stored for 28 days at 0°C and 3°C. The study was conducted in a 20‐foot reefer container for practicality. Storage at 0°C suppressed decay and reduction in sugars and organic acids more efficiently than that at 3°C. Softening of fruit hardness was also suppressed depending on the variety. The reduction in sugars and organic acids did not affect strawberry palatability. Along with low temperature, long‐term storage of strawberries also requires the use of film packaging, which prevents drying. Without film packaging, storage at both 0°C and 3°C decreased fresh weight significantly, resulting in loss of commercial value. In contrast, storage in film packaging decreased weight reduction to <5%, even after 28 days cold storage.
Developing principles of social change as a result of a Pasifika Youth Empowerment Program: A qualitative study
Authors: Firestone Ridvan , Matheson Anna , Firestone Justice , Schleser Max , Yee Emily , Tuisano Hana , Kaholokula Keawe‘aimoku , Ellison‐Loschmann Lis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssueEmpowerment is a concept over‐used in health promotion, yet it is an important process that can used in developing the capacity and capability of young people for creating social change to improve healthier lives.MethodsThe Youth Empowerment Program (YEP), a pilot study aimed at empowering 15 youth (18‐24 years) to lead healthier lives. We present secondary outcomes of the original YEP study, using focus groups and mobile‐mentary approaches to capture the impact of the YEP through the youths’ understanding of the program. Thematic analyses to examine the pragmatic usefulness of the empowerment program.ResultsWe identified three major themes: (aa) Knowledge: education and awareness of healthy living and understanding of the wider social health issues, compound the health complexities of obesity; (b) Youth as catalysts for change: the youth viewed themselves as agents of social change; and (c) Transformation: the youth recognised themselves as catalysts for change that can positively transform communities into action.ConclusionThis study contributes new insights and depth of understanding about how the empowerment program can strengthen the process of individual capacity in an effort to mobilise social change for the betterment of the whole community, particularly among indigenous Pasifika population groups.So what?Developing empowerment principles will enable others to consider “how apply” empowerment more practically when working with young people and not use it flippantly with no real action‐oriented outcome.
Forecasting stock returns using first half an hour order imbalance
Authors: Chu Xiaojun , Qiu Jianying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe explore the predictive power of the first half‐hour order imbalance (FOIB) to stock returns in Chinese stock market. Our results show that FOIB predicts returns better than daily order imbalance both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. The predictive power of FOIB is both statistically and economically significant. Moreover, we provide evidence that the predictive power of FOIB appears stemming from large trade size.
Connectedness of Asia Pacific forex markets: China's growing influence
Authors: Chow Hwee K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the degree of connectedness of Asia Pacific forex markets post‐global financial crisis and relates it to developments in the renminbi markets. The connectedness measure developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2014) (Journal of Econometrics, 182, 119–134) reveal the strength of linkages across the U.S. dollar currency pairs of 12 currencies, namely offshore renminbi, onshore renminbi, euro, yen, Australian dollar, Indian rupee, Korean won, Malaysian ringgit, New Zealand dollar, Singapore dollar, Thai baht and Taiwan dollar. With the gradual liberalization of China's exchange rate system, shocks from the renminbi markets contribute more to fluctuations in almost all individual Asia Pacific currency markets vis‐à‐vis the yen. Rolling regressions show a number of Asia Pacific currencies exhibit tighter association with the renminbi when the latter underwent exchange rate regime reform. Finally, results from a two‐step analysis involving a panel regression provide evidence that time‐varying sensitivities of Asia Pacific currencies to the renminbi are directly related to the countries' trade and financial links with China.
Long‐run relationship between R&D investment and environmental sustainability: Evidence from the European Union member countries
Authors: Paramati Sudharshan Reddy , Alam Md Samsul , Hammoudeh Shawkat , Hafeez Khalid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe researchers, environmental scientists and policymakers around the world are exerting substantial efforts to mitigate the growth of CO2 emissions to save the planet. A number of measures and initiatives, such as, energy efficiency, renewable energy technologies and emission‐control are proposed in order to reduce CO2 emissions. This study examines the long‐run relationship between R&D investment and environmental sustainability in a panel of 25 European Union (EU) member countries over a period of 17 years (1998–2014). We use robust and reliable econometric methods to capture the interactions between R&D investment on renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The findings confirm that the growth of R&D expenditures promotes renewable energy consumption and plays a significant role in reducing CO2 emissions in the sample countries. Furthermore, the findings suggest that increasing the share of renewable energy consumption in the total energy mix also reduces CO2 emissions. Given these results, we suggest that the EU policymakers provide more financial and regulatory assistance to the R&D activities, specifically in the energy sector, to ensure promoting low carbon economies in this region.
Preparedness, administrative challenges for establishing obstetric services, and experience of delivering over 400 women at a tertiary care COVID‐19 hospital in India
Authors: Mahajan Niraj N. , Pednekar Rahi , Patil Sarika R. , Subramanyam Alka A. , Rathi Surbhi , Malik Sushma , Mohite Shailesh C. , Shinde Ganesh , Joshi Mohan , Kumbhar Padmaja , Tilve Arundhati , Lokhande Pradip D. , Srivastava Shayla A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a descriptive account of the challenges and administrative preparedness for establishing and sustaining safe obstetric services during the COVID‐19 pandemic at Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital (NH), Mumbai, India.MethodsThe management of pregnant women with COVID‐19 was implemented as per international (WHO, RCOG, ACOG) and national (Indian Council of Medical Research) recommendations and guidelines at an academic, tertiary care, COVID‐19 hospital in India.ResultsUsing a multidisciplinary approach and active engagement of a multispecialty team, obstetric services were provided to over 400 women with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19. A sustainable model is established for providing services to pregnant women with COVID‐19 in Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India.ConclusionWith limited resources, it is possible to set up dedicated maternity services, aligned to international guidelines, for safe pregnancy outcomes in COVID‐19 settings. This COVID‐19 hospital addressed the challenges and implemented several known and novel methods to establish and sustain obstetric services for women with COVID‐19. The model established in the present study can be replicated in other low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Evaluation of various denture cleansers on color stability and surface topography of polyetherketoneketone, polyamide, and polymethylmethacrylate
Authors: Ozyilmaz Ozgun Yusuf , Kara Ozlem , Akin Ceyda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium perborate effervescent tablets and citric acid solution on the color stability and surface topography of a new generation of high‐performance polymer polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), thermoinjection‐molded polyamide, and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Fifty disc‐shaped specimens were fabricated (10 mm × 2 mm) from PEKK (P group), polyamide (D group), and PMMA (M group). These groups were divided into five subgroups (n = 10) according to the storage media. The test groups were immersed in the following solutions: distilled water (Control), Corega, Protefix, Perlodent, and Curaprox. The color stability values (ΔE) were measured using a spectrophotometer before and after immersion in distilled water and four different denture cleansers for 8 hr/day for 140 days. Topography alterations after treatments were assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test. The p < .05 was considered significant. All denture cleansers increased the ΔE values relative to the baseline values in the M, D, and P groups (p < .05). The Perlodent denture cleanser demonstrated the highest ΔE value in all groups, which was unacceptable. Curaprox denture cleanser showed the lowest ΔE value in the M and D groups (p < .05). Curaprox in all groups showed a ∆E value less than 3.7. For patients who have PEKK‐ and polyamide‐based prosthesis, the use of citric acid‐based cleansers may be more recommended than sodium perborate‐containing cleansers because of its clinically acceptable color changes on polymers in terms of color stability.
Synthesis and antimicrobial agents of thiazolidinone derivatives from benzocyclohepetenone
Authors: Jilla Lavanya , Kolluri Prashanth Kumar , Bujji Sushmitha , J. P. Naikal Subhashini 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA series of benzosuberone coupled piperazin‐1‐yl thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives 6a‐j were synthesized from 3‐(2‐[9‐chloro‐2,3‐dimethyl‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[7]annulen‐8‐yl]‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)propanoic acid (4) and substituted piperazines/secondary amines 5a‐j using 1‐hydroxy benzotriazole, 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride and triethyl amine in good yields and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and Mass spectra. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains and a fungal strain. Compounds 6f and 6g were indicated promising and broad spectrum antibacterial activity.