bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional (3+1)-dim Jimbo Miwa system: invariance properties, exact solutions, solitary pattern solutions and conservation laws
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Kour Baljinder 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present article is devoted to scouting invariant analysis and some kind of approximate and explicit solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo Miwa system of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (NLFPDEs). Feasible vector field of the system is obtained by employing the invariance attribute of one-parameter Lie group of transformation. The reduction of the number of independent variables by this method gives the reduction of Jimbo Miwa system of NLFPDES into a system of nonlinear fractional ordinary differential equations (NLFODEs). Explicit solutions in form of power series are scrutinized by using power series method (PSM). In addition, convergence is also examined. The residual power series method (RPSM) is employed for disquisition of solitary pattern (SP) solutions in form of approximate series. A comparative analysis of the obtained results of the considered problem is provided. The conserved vectors are scrutinized in the form of fractional Noether’s operator. Numerical solutions are represented graphically.
Das Informationsverhalten von jugendlichen Asylbewerbern in Deutschland
Authors: Haji Rasia , Scheibe Katrin , Zimmer Franziska 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht das Informations- und Kommunikationsverhalten von zwanzig jugendlichen Asylbewerbern, die aus dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten nach Deutschland geflüchtet sind. Hierbei wird das Informationsverhalten in Bezug auf Social Media, andere Online-Dienste und Offline-Medien erforscht. Unter Verwendung der Uses-and-Gratification-Theorie wird herausgearbeitet, welche Dienste die Kinder und Jugendlichen nutzen, um ihre Informationsbedürfnisse nach Wissen, Selbstdarstellung, sozialer Interaktion und Unterhaltung zu befriedigen. Die zwanzig Personen im Alter zwischen acht und 18 Jahren wurden mithilfe eines Fragebogens und eines halbstrukturierten Interviewleitfadens befragt. Am meisten werden Social Media Dienste, insbesondere WhatsApp, YouTube, aber auch Instagram und TikTok genutzt sowie – allerdings nur bei der Suche nach Informationen – Google.
TOPORAZ
Authors: Razum Matthias , Göller Sandra , Sack Harald , Tietz Tabea , Vsesviatska Oleksandra , Weilandt Gerhard , Grellert Marc , Scharm Torben 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
TOPORAZ ist eine virtuelle Forschungsumgebung, die ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes 3D-Modell des Hauptmarktes der Stadt Nürnberg in vier Zeitstufen mit einer Datenbank verknüpft. Diese Plattform für die objekt- und raumbezogene geisteswissenschaftliche Forschung verbindet vielfältige Quellen und Literatur mit den Gebäuden des 3D-Modells über Verknüpfungspunkte (Hotspots). TOPORAZ unterstützt übergreifende Forschungsansätze und vernetztes, transdisziplinäres Arbeiten.
DIY Science: A Cure for Cancer of the Next Plague
Authors: Vaughn Ashley 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A twenty-something college student with an interest in science sits in his garage. He is tinkering with genetic materials and gene editing. He has ordered materials over the internet, has all the items he could want, and even has his own test subject—himself. He could inject himself with whatever products his experimentation manufactures. Our hypothetical college student has all the materials in his hands to make the next greatest discovery in the fight against cancer, or to create—intentionally or by accident—a genetically modified disease that could be incredibly lethal to the entire globe. This twenty-something college student is one of many emerging do-it-yourself scientists (“DIYers”). The reality of do-it-yourself (“DIY”) science is here, and it might be severely under regulated. This type of research could pose significant risks to all of humanity if an appropriate regulatory scheme is not developed. Conversely, too much regulation could prevent innovation.
The Food Safety Fence: Gaps and Consequences
Authors: Rippy Patrick 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this world, there are many potential hazards that could lead to a nationwide biosecurity threat. On the one hand, there are the unintended perils that result from natural outbreaks, such as with domestic food contamination. On the other hand, there are the intentional actions that lead to incidents of agroterrorism, which can reap significant economic loss, widespread destruction of crops and livestock, as well as increased human illness and death. For these reasons, the United States government has implemented various mechanisms over time in order to combat the food-borne threats imposed by both intentional and unintentional biosecurity hazards. For the purpose of this paper, these mechanisms will be referred to as the “food safety fence.”
Cost Recovery of Preventive and Remedial Measures against Environmental Damage from the Polluter through Tort Law: European Spill Over, Troubled National Waters?
Authors: Borucki Christopher 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
When it comes to environmental damage, a basic tenet is that the polluter should pay. Nonetheless, public authorities regularly incur clean-up costs. Environmental damage often transcends the individual polluter, affecting a plurality of personal and/or public goods. Its diffuse extent and complex nature make environmental protection a collective interest. Thus, it comes as no surprise that public authorities can be legally obliged to take preventive and remedial measures against environmental damage. However, when public authorities act on such a legal obligation, the question arises: whose burden are the costs of the measures taken? The emergence of the polluter pays principle indicates a preference to allocate the costs to those who elicit the legal obligation.
What role has tort law to play in this regard? Even though it is certain that public authorities are not exempt from tortious liability themselves, doubts exist whether they can claim in tort as wronged parties. Public authorities represent society and embody the public interest. Tort law, however, seems to mainly focus on private interests. Nevertheless, the Belgian transposition of the European Environmental Liability Directive, which obliges the polluter to pay for the prevention and remedial measures, allows for a claim in tort. This contribution inquires whether such a claim allows for the recovery of all costs mentioned in the directive, even general expenses. From a comparative law perspective it examines how the polluter pays principle, advocated for on the international legal scene, is to be imbedded in national tort law. In particular, it examines whether national tort law acts as a straitjacket for the principle, or whether the principle might, conversely, serve as a crowbar to break open this field of law to allow compensation for harms that traditionally would not be eligible for damages. It finds the principle has a harmonising influence but is not absolute.
Extracontractual Liability Law as a Policy Instrument: Public Law in Disguise or in Chains?
Authors: Gillaerts Pieter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Extracontractual liability law is no exception to the general trend of instrumentalisation of private law. It is increasingly being used to pursue goals other than its primary aim of compensation. This instrumentalisation is a dual phenomenon that has developed both out of top-down and bottom-up impulses. Although specific questions may arise for each of these two movements, they encounter a common limit. On a fundamental level, the instrumentalisation is restricted by extracontractual liability law’s primary compensatory function. Other functions, such as enforcement (of rights) or prevention, are grafted onto this primary function and can only be pursued to the extent that they are compatible with it. It relates to the tension created by pursuing public goals through extracontractual liability law as an essentially private law instrument. Attention is needed not to overstretch extracontractual liability law’s prerequisites, which are coherent with its private law embedding. It would turn extracontractual liability law into a dangerous passe-partout. Besides stretching the existing prerequisites, one may also consider alternative instruments for pursuing non-compensatory goals, such as preventive actions. Given the ubiquitous occurrence of the phenomenon, the present contribution will start from Belgian and Dutch law, although the conclusions may reach beyond these legal systems.
Expectations, Coordination Failures and Macro Crises
Authors: Heymann Daniel , Brichetti Juan Pablo , Juarros Pedro , Montero Gustavo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeep recessions and disruptions in credit markets have caused social concern and motivated research for a long time. They still challenge macroeconomic analysis. We map some observable features of a set of such episodes, trying to find common elements of the whole family of events. The different macroeconomic experiences show a high degree of heterogeneity. Given that, what emerges as a central element of crises is their character as a life-changing episode for the people concerned, which remains in their memory and triggers a search for lessons, as they frustrate past expectations and force widespread reevaluations of wealth and income prospects. Critical periods involve dynamics at different time scales, as economic changes with lasting implications take place in an environment of dramatic day-to-day variability. Crises tend to be associated with breaks in the growth trends of the economies in question, in a way that may surprise not only agents inclined to eccentric behavior, but also those who held beliefs based on prevalent economic analysis. Macroeconomic disturbances of this sort raise strong questions about the pertinence, and the logic, of usual rational expectations assumptions and modeling practices. These issues are briefly discussed in an opening section.
Diagnosis of diabetes in pregnant woman using a Chaotic-Jaya hybridized extreme learning machine model
Authors: Debata Prajna Paramita , Mohapatra Puspanjali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs stated by World Health Organization (WHO) report, 246 million individuals have suffered with diabetes disease over worldwide and it is anticipated that by 2025 this estimation can cross 380 million. So, the proper and quick diagnosis of this disease is turned into a significant challenge for the machine learning researchers. This paper aims to design a robust model for diagnosis of diabetes using a hybrid approach of Chaotic-Jaya (CJaya) algorithm with Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), which is named as CJaya-ELM. In this paper, Jaya algorithm with Chaotic learning approach is used to optimize the random parameters of ELM classifier. Here, to assess the efficacy of the designed model, Pima Indian diabetes dataset is considered. Here, the designed model CJaya-ELM, has been compared with basic ELM, Teaching Learning Based Optimization algorithm (TLBO) optimized ELM (TLBO-ELM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Jaya algorithm optimized MLP (Jaya-MLP), TLBO algorithm optimized MLP (TLBO-MLP) and CJaya algorithm optimized MLP models. CJaya-ELM model resulted in the highest testing accuracy of 0.9687, sensitivity of 1, specificity of 0.9688 with 0.9782 area under curve (AUC) value. Results reveal that CJaya-ELM model effectively classifies both the positive and negative samples of Pima and outperforms the competitors.
Physical layer impairment-aware ant colony optimization approach in WDM network
Authors: Kumar Vikram , Das Santos Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Physical layer impairments (PLIs) is a matter of great concern in optical networks to achieve the optimum performance. In order to mitigate the PLI, a better routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) technique is required in optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. In this paper, a dynamic ant colony routing algorithm with the consideration of various PLIs has been presented. This work also presents a Q-factor estimation model that includes impairments such as amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, four-wave mixing (FWM), and cross phase modulation (XPM). The simulation results also prove that the proposed ant colony optimization (ACO) based algorithm significantly reduces the blocking probability as compared to dynamic load based shortest path algorithm (LB-SPA).
Optical wireless systems with ASK & PSK using coupler-based delay line filter
Authors: Prasad Bibhu , Mallick Bandana , Patra Krishna Chandra , Barpanda Nalini Kanta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In free space optics (FSO) optics, the tweaked optical sign is transmitted at different climate conditions like day off, Mist, and Haze, which is a new paragon to the field of optical communication. Further to realize the same, the present research analyzes the framework performance by executing two adjustment strategies amplitude shift keying (ASK) and Phase shift keying (PSK). Moreover, article investigates the performance of applied modulation-based free space optic system using a coupler-based delay line filter. Aside this, the recreation results are examined and natter about the dependent of quality factor, bit error rate (BER), and eye outline of various FSO parameters pertaining to the same. The outcomes of the research bestow on the recreation results acquired for quality factor and BER against various conditions with respect to the both adjustment techniques and PSK offers better execution.
Clinical analysis of the preoperative condition and operative prognosis of post-cesarean section scar diverticulum: a case series
Authors: Zou Ziang , Xiao Songshu , Xue Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Post-cesarean section scar diverticulum (PCSD) is a long-term sequela of cesarean section (CS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of PCSD scoring criteria, and also retrospectively investigate the efficacy and fertility of two different surgical methods in 304 patients with PCSD.

Methods
A total of 304 PCSD patients who underwent hysteroscopy or combined hysteroscopy and laparoscopy (referred to as laparoscopy) in our hospital from 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative condition was analyzed by the PCSD scoring criteria and its influencing factors were explored. The efficacy, its influencing factors and pregnancy success rate of the two different surgical methods on PCSD was also analyzed after 6- and 12-months follow-up.

Results
PCSD was more severe (high score) in patients who experienced caesarean section with one of the following conditions: age >30 years old, without medical indications or retroflexed uterus. The postoperative efficacy of patients subjected to hysteroscopy or laparoscopy was 81.25 and 89.47% (after 6 months), and 79.53 and 87.50% (after 12 months), respectively. Hysteroscopic surgery was better for PCSD patients who had fewer CS and thicker residual muscle layer and worse for PCSD patients with a longer distance of incision defect to the end of the cervix. Postoperative fertilization showed that pregnancy success rate of patients subjected to hysteroscopy or laparoscopy was 56.2 and 50%, respectively.

Conclusions
The PCSD scoring is an effective method for assessing the severity of PCSD, and hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are effective modalities for PCSD. Hysteroscopy is also an option for patients with fertility needs.
Impact of an on-site perinatal mood disorders clinic in the diagnosis and management of perinatal mood disorders
Authors: Roberson Dana N. , Roussos-Ross Dikea , Goodin Amie J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To assess change in Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores in women treated at the Perinatal Mood Disorders Clinic (PMDC) as a measure of improvement in perinatal mood disorders (primary outcome), and treatment disposition at final visit.

Methods
Chart review was performed for all PMDC patients between March 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018 (n=120), as a self-controlled case series design. Two-tailed t-tests compared initial and final EPDS scores for all patients with >1 visit (n=64), where EPDS score of ≥13 indicated a positive screen for depression. A multivariable linear regression model with robust standard errors estimated the relationship between patient characteristics and final EPDS scores.

Results
Of 120 patients, n=56 had one visit and n=64 had >1 visit. Of these 64, mean final score (11.04) was lower than mean initial score (16.54; p<0.001). Additionally, certain patient characteristics were associated with higher final EPDS score, including history of mood disorder and treatment with both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.

Conclusions
Women treated at the PMDC showed improved EPDS scores when receiving at least two separate care visits. Therefore, the clinic may be filling a gap in access to timely care for women with perinatal mood disorders.
Restoring the real world records in Men’s swimming without high-tech swimsuits
Authors: Gao Zhenyu , Li Yixing , Wang Zhengxin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The recently concluded 2019 World Swimming Championships was another major swimming competition that witnessed some great progresses achieved by human athletes in many events. However, some world records created 10 years ago back in the era of high-tech swimsuits remained untouched. With the advancements in technical skills and training methods in the past decade, the inability to break those world records is a strong indication that records with the swimsuit bonus cannot reflect the real progressions achieved by human athletes in history. Many swimming professionals and enthusiasts are eager to know a measure of the real world records had the high-tech swimsuits never been allowed. This paper attempts to restore the real world records in Men’s swimming without high-tech swimsuits by integrating various advanced methods in probabilistic modeling and optimization. Through the modeling and separation of swimsuit bias, natural improvement, and athletes’ intrinsic performance, the result of this paper provides the optimal estimates and the 95% confidence intervals for the real world records. The proposed methodology can also be applied to a variety of similar studies with multi-factor considerations.
The Normative/Agentive Correspondence
Authors: Simonelli Ryan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In recent work, Robert Brandom (2008. Between Saying and Doing. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019. A Spirit of Trust. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) has articulated important connections between the deontic normative statuses of entitlement and commitment and the alethic modal statuses of possibility and necessity. In this paper, I articulate an until now unexplored connection between Brandom’s core normative statuses of entitlement and commitment and the agentive modal statuses of ability and compulsion. These modals have application not only in action, but also in perception and inference, and, in both of these cases, there is a direct mapping between the normative statuses that one bears towards various claims, articulated from the perspective of the attributor of commitments and entitlements, and the agentive modal statuses that one bears towards various judgments, articulated from the perspective of the undertaker of commitments. I will highlight this correspondence, focusing on the case of perception, and show how it sheds light on the account of mindedness that emerges from Brandom’s theory of discursive practice.
Information Encountering at the Opera: What Donizetti and Romani’s Opera BuffaL’elisir d’amoreCan Teach Us About Pseudo-Serendipity in Human Information Behaviour
Authors: Solomon Yosef 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study connects two purportedly unrelated disciplines: information studies and opera, by examining what can be learned about information encountering, and in particular on pseudo-serendipity in human information behaviour, through analysing selected scenes of the nineteenth century opera buffaL’elisir d’amore(“Elixir of love”). As part of the emergent “information studies in the arts” framework, the study uses a hermeneutic interpretation of the libretto through informational perspective and analysis of the musical treatment of the text. All choices and sense-making are subjective. Analysis ofL’elisir d’amore’s first six scenes uncovers valuable descriptions and insights regarding information encountering within a nineteenth century south-west Europe temporal culture. Findings augment the current knowledge on pseudo-serendipity in human information behaviour, and provide a more profound understanding of this nonlinear information behaviour. Operatic works have not yet served the development of information studies. This study establishes that opera can be a meaningful scholastic source for developing information research and discourse. It provides both valuable insight, from an operatic angle, into information encountering in the context of a bygone era, and an original information-behavioural layer of analysis to the Italian operaL’elisir d’amore.
Examining sharp restart in a Monte Carlo method for the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann equation
Authors: Thrasher W. John , Mascagni Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It has been shown that when using a Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate the electrostatic free energy of a biomolecule in a solution, individual random walks can become entrapped in the geometry. We examine a proposed solution, using a sharp restart during the Walk-on-Subdomains step, in more detail. We show that the point at which this solution introduces significant bias is related to properties intrinsic to the molecule being examined. We also examine two potential methods of generating a sharp restart point and show that they both cause no significant bias in the examined molecules and increase the stability of the run times of the individual walks.
Circulating irisin is linked to bone mineral density in geriatric Chinese men
Authors: Zhang Jianmei , Huang Xiaocheng , Yu Rongbo , Wang Yan , Gao Congcong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
While there is evidence of a link between irisin and bone metabolism, prior clinical evaluations have been limited to women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The primary goal of this evaluation is to examine the relationship between irisin and bone mineral density (BMD) in geriatric Chinese men experiencing osteoporosis or osteopenia.

Methods
In this case–control study, 43 geriatric Chinese men were verified as having osteoporosis or osteopenia via dual-energy X-ray light absorption spectrophotometry, and 24 subjects were accepted as the controls. Serum irisin levels were detected by a commercial ELISA kit.

Results
Serum irisin levels were lowered in geriatric Chinese men with osteopenia and osteoporosis, and multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the serum irisin level is an independent factor impacting BMD.

Conclusions and discussion
Our data confirm a positive correlation between irisin levels and BMD in geriatric Chinese men. Irisin has a protective effect on bone health dependent on BMD, but large clinical trials are still required to verify the irisin and BMD relationship.
Bossy matrons and forced marriages: Talmudic confrontationalism and its philosophical significance
Authors: Fisch Menachem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article introduces the confrontational theology of the rabbinic literature of late antiquity by means of a well-known, yet ill-understood legend. It goes on to argue that Talmudic confrontationalism comes coupled with an insistent dialogism that, unlike any other major human undertaking, displays a profound awareness of the indispensable role of external normative critique in the process of changing one’s mind.