bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of posterior percutaneous full-endoscopic cervical foraminotomy for cervical osseous foraminal stenosis
Authors: Zhang Zihan , Du Qian , Ao Jun , Qin Jianpu , Liao WenBo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background To evaluate the efficacy of posterior percutaneous full-endoscopic cervical foraminotomy for cervical osseous foraminal stenosis. Methods During October 2015 to October 2018, 30 patients with skeletal cervical canal stenosis who met the selection criteria were included in the study. All patients underwent percutaneous posterior full-endoscopic nerve root canal decompression. Pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and cervical dysfunction index (NDI) were used to assess the degree of pain relief. Results All patients were followed up for 2 days to 12 months, and the final follow-up was also significantly improved after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). At the last follow-up, the clinical efficacy was evaluated using the modified Macnab criteria. Conclusion Percutaneous posterior total endoscopic nerve canal incision can successfully complete the decompression of osseous neck canal stenosis. It can be used as a treatment option for patients with bony stenosis.
Ameliorative Effects of Lesinurad (Zurampic) on Experimental Hyperuricemia, Biochemical, Molecular and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Alghamdi Youseef , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Nasan Mohamed 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The current study evaluates the potential ameliorative impact of Lesinurad (i.e. Zurampic (ZUR)) and Allopurinol (ALP) on the kidneys of hyperuricemic mice at the biochemical, molecular and cellular levels. Methods: ALP and ZUR in combination were orally administered to both hyperuricemic and control mice for seven consecutive days. Levels of uric acid and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), along with antioxidants and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-a) were measured in serum. The mRNA expression of mouse urate anion transporter-1 (mURAT1), glucose transporter 9 (mGLUT9), organic anion transporters (mOAT1 and mOAT3), in renal tissues were examined using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Simultaneously, the immunoreactivity of transforming growth factor-1 beta (TGF-β1) was examined immunohistochemically. Results: ALP and ZUR administration resulted in significantly reduced serum urate levels and decreased serum levels of uric acid, BUN, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-a) in hyperuricemic mice. Both partially reversed oxonate-induced alterations in renal mURAT-1, mGLUT-9, mOAT-1 and mOAT-3 expressions, as well as leading to changes in the immunoreactivity of TGF- β1, resulting in the increase of renal uric acid secretion and excretion. The combined administration of ALP and ZUR restored all altered measurements in a synergistic manner, improving renal dysfunction in the hyperuricemic mouse model employed. Conclusion: This study therefore provides evidence for the synergistic hypouricemic impact of both ALP and ZUR in the treatment of HU in mice at the biochemical, molecular and cellular levels.
Major amputations in type 2 diabetes between 2001 and 2015 in Spain: regional differences.
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez María Cristo , Chines Chiara , García Arturo J Pedrero , Sousa Djeniffer , Fernández Francisco J Cuevas , Marcelino-Rodríguez Itahisa , Coello Santiago Domínguez , de León Antonio Cabrera 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aims To analyze the evolution of type 2 diabetes major amputations (MA) in the Regions of Spain from 2001 to 2015.Methods Descriptive study of 40,392 MA from the national hospital discharge database in patients with type 2 diabetes. The incidence rate was calculated in each region, in addition to the incidence ratios (IR) between annual incidence and 2001 incidence. The length of hospital stays and mortality risks were analyzed adjusting regression models for sex, age and smoking.Results The MA incidence rate per 100,000 persons-year was 0.48 in Spain; Canary Islands showed the highest incidence (0.81). The trend was a slight decrease or stability of the incidence in all regions except in the Canary Islands (IR 2015 = 2.0 [CI95%=1.5, 2.6]) and in Madrid (IR 2015 = 0.1 [CI95%=0.1, 0.2]). Mortality after MA was 10% in Spain; Cantabria suffered the highest risk of death [1.7 (CI95%=1.4; 2.1), p<0.001] and La Rioja the lowest risk (0.5 [CI95%=0.2; 0.9]; p = 0.026). The longest hospital stay was registered in the Canary Islands [(CI95%=11.4;13.3],p<0.001)], and the shortest in the Valencian Community [(CI95%= -7.3; -5.8),p<0.001)].Conclusion MA in the Canary Islands followed a growing trend that diverged from the downward trend in the whole country. Regional mortality and hospital stay variability advise to review the clinical management, while sudden incidence decrease in Madrid suggests to check the record procedures of hospital discharges.
State of pedestrian road safety in Uganda: are interventions failing or absent?
Authors: Osuret Jimmy , Namatovu Stellah , Biribawa Claire , Balugaba Bonny E , Zziwa Esther Bayiga , Muni Kennedy , Ningwa Albert , Oporia Frederick , Mutto Milton , Kyamanywa Patrick , Guwatudde David , Kobusingye Olive 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background In Uganda, pedestrians are the most frequently injured category of road users, accounting for 40% of road traffic fatalities and 25% of serious injuries every year. There is paucity of information on existing pedestrian interventions and challenges that affect their implementation in Uganda. In this paper, we ascertain the state of pedestrian road safety interventions in Uganda and explore the challenges in the process of design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of existing interventions.Methods We conducted a qualitative study that started with a desk review of existing policy documents, police statistics, media reports, non-governmental organization reports, and published research. We supplemented the review with 14 key informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions. Participants were drawn from various agencies and stakeholders responsible for road safety. In total, we collected and synthesized data on the design, implementation, and evaluation of pedestrian safety interventions from 25 documents. Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic content analysis.Results The National Road Safety Council within the Ministry of Works and Transport is the lead agency tasked with coordinating all road safety efforts, while the Uganda Police is largely engaged in enforcing pedestrian safety. We identified several existing policies and regulations for pedestrian safety like the Non-Motorized Transport policy whose implementation has been inadequate. Implementation is constrained by weak institutional capacity and limited resources. Moreover, road safety stakeholders operated in silos and this hindered efforts to coordinate pedestrian safety activities. Interventions like road designs were implemented with limited reference to any supporting data and therefore did not cater for pedestrian needs.Conclusion There are interventions targeting pedestrian safety in Uganda, but effective implementation is lacking or failing due to constraints related to weak institutional capacity. This necessitates strategies to mobilize resources to strengthen the capacity of the lead agency to effectively coordinate road safety interventions.
Community health workers’ involvement in mother-child care during the postpartum period in the Missed Opportunities in Mother and Infant Health (MOMI) project in the Kaya health district: a contribution analysis
Authors: TOUGRI Halima , Compaoré Rachidatou , Ouédraogo Adja Mariam , Blandine Bila , Temmerman Marleen , Kouanda Seni 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Maternal and infant morbidity and mortality remain high in the world and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, actions to strengthen postpartum care remain weak and are mainly limited to health facilities (HFs). The MOMI project implemented in the Kaya health district included community-based health workers (CHWs) in the care of women and children during the first postpartum year through home visits, accompanying mothers to HFs and outreach sessions. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of CHWs to postpartum women’s HF attendance.Methods We conducted an effect assessment using Mayne and Lemire's contribution analysis framework. This was a mixed-case study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through project document review and interviews.Results Out of 6633 women, 3768 (56.8%) were visited by CHWs before the 10th day following childbirth, 34.3% between the sixth and eighth week and 9% between the ninth and twelfth months; during the same home visit periods, the CHWs accompanied 57.3%, 51.4% and 32.5% of women, respectively, to HFs for postpartum consultations. Postpartum consultation rates within the first week postpartum increased from 29% in 2011 to 80% in 2015 and from 19% to 50% within 6 weeks.Conclusions Community-based health workers involvement in the care of women improved their adherence to postpartum consultations.
Food insecurity and food assistance resource use by sexual minority women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2014
Authors: Patterson Joanne G , Russomanno Jennifer , Tree Jennifer M Jabson 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nearly 40 million American adults report past year food insecurity. This is concerning, as food insecurity is associated with chronic disease morbidity and premature mortality. Women disproportionately experience food insecurity, and sexual minority women (i.e., lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women reporting same-sex behavior) may be at greater risk for experiencing food insecurity disparities. The purpose of this study was to investigate patterns and prevalence of food insecurity and food assistance resource use in sexual minority and exclusively heterosexual women using population-level health surveillance data. Methods. We pooled 2004-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Women were classified by sexual identity and lifetime same-sex behavior to create subgroups of lesbian, bisexual, heterosexual women reporting same-sex behavior (heterosexual WSW), and exclusively heterosexual women. We compared groups on past 12-month food insecurity, severe food insecurity, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and emergency food assistance resource use using multivariable Poisson regression models to estimate weighted prevalence ratios. Results. Lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual WSW were more likely to report past 12-month food insecurity and severe food insecurity than exclusively heterosexual women: prevalence ratios (PR) ranged from 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07,1.75) to 1.77 (95% CI = 1.08-2.91). No differences were found in SNAP participation by sexual orientation, but more lesbians and heterosexual WSW reported using emergency food assistance in the past 12-months (PR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.34, 2.88 and PR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.05, 2.06 respectively). Conclusions. Food insecurity—including disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake—is overrepresented in sexual minority women. Lesbians and heterosexual WSW are also more likely to rely on emergency food assistance. This is problematic as SNAP use may reduce food insecurity over time, but emergency food resources (e.g., food pantries) do not. More evidence is needed to understand the multilevel factors driving food insecurity in this population, with to develop policy and community-based efforts to increase SNAP participation and decrease food insecurity.
The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor in the Acrochordon Etiopathology
Authors: Köseoğlu Hanife Gündoğdu , Bozca Burçin Cansu , Bassorgun Cumhur Ibrahım , Sarı Ramazan , Akbas Sadıka Halide , karakaş Ayşe Akman 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background There are reports that acrochordons (skin tag), the most common fibroepithelial tumor of the skin, may be associated with metabolic syndrome components, particularly insulin metabolism disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study examining its association with the insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R) levels at tissue level yetMethods Thirty patients with at least 1 acrochordon in their body who had no known history of diabetes mellitus and the control group comprised 30 individuals who had no acrochordon or no known history of diabetes mellitus were included. IGF-1R and IGF-2R expression was investigated using immunohistochemical assessment administered to the tissue samples from the study and control groups.Results In the group with acrochordon, IGF-1R and IGF-2R expression was found to be significantly higher compared to the control group (p<0,01). IGF-1R expression was found to correlate with serum IGF-1 and BMI (p=0,03 r=0,028 and p=0,048 r=0,257 respectively). IGF-2R expression was found to correlate with BMI and HOMA-IR (p=0,03 r=0,357 and p=0,046 r=0,256 respectively). Using logistic regression analysis, an increase in serum insulin, serum IGF-1 and HOMA-IR levels was shown to increase IGF-1R and IGF-2R expression rates.Conclusion These findings support the view that insulin metabolism disorders in patients with acrochordon should be evaluated. Our study indicates that insulin like growth factor receptors may have an effect on the acrochordon pathogenesis and that acrochordon etiology and related conditions can be clarified by detection of parameters that influence the receptor levels.
Emerging coexistence of three PMQR genes on a multiple resistance plasmid with a new surrounding genetic structure of qnrS2 in E. coli in China
Authors: tao ying , zhou kaixin , xie lianyan , xu yanping , han lizhong , ni yuxing , qu jieming , sun jingyong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Quinolones are commonly used for treatment of infections by bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. However, the rising resistance to quinolones worldwide poses a major clinical and public health risk. This study aimed to characterise a novel multiple resistance plasmid carrying three plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Escherichia coli clinical stain RJ749. Methods: MICs of ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin for RJ749 and transconjugant c749 were determined by the Etest method. Conjugation was performed using sodium azide-resistant E. coli J53 strain as a recipient. The quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE were PCR-amplified. Results: RJ749 was highly resistant to quinolones, while c749 showed low-level resistance. S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that RJ749 and c749 both harboured a plasmid. PCR presented chromosomal mutation sites of the quinolone resistance-determining region, which mediated quinolone resistance. The c749 genome comprised a single plasmid, pRJ749, with a multiple resistance region, including three plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS2, and oqxAB) and ten acquired resistance genes. One of the genes, qnrS2, was shown for the first time to be flanked by two IS26s. Three IS26-mediated circular molecules carrying the PMQR genes were detected. Conclusions: We revealed the coexistence of three PMQR genes on a multiple resistance plasmid and a new surrounding genetic structure of qnrS2 flanked by IS26 elements. IS26 plays an important role in horizontal spread of quinolone resistance.
Problematic Internet Use in Children and Adolescents: Associations with psychiatric disorders and impairment
Authors: Restrepo Anita , Scheininger Tohar , Clucas Jon , Alexander Lindsay , Salum Giovanni , Georgiades Kathy , Paksarian Diana , Merikangas Kathleen , Milham Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Problematic internet use (PIU) is an increasingly worrisome issue, as youth population studies are establishing links with internalizing and externalizing problems. There is a need for a better understanding of psychiatric diagnostic profiles associated with this issue, as well as its unique contributions to impairment. Here, we leveraged the ongoing, large-scale Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network, a transdiagnostic self-referred, community sample of children and adolescents (ages 5-21), to examine the associations between PIU and psychopathology, general impairment, physical health and sleep disturbances.Methods A total sample of 564 (190 female) participants between the ages of 7-15 (mean = 10.80, SD = 2.16), along with their parents/guardians, completed diagnostic interviews with clinicians, answered a myriad of self-report questionnaires, and underwent physical testing as part of the Healthy Brain Network protocol.Results PIU was positively associated with depressive disorders (aOR = 2.34; CI: 1.18-4.56; p = .01), the combined subtype of ADHD (aOR = 1.79; CI: 1.08-2.98; p = .02), greater levels of impairment (Standardized Beta = 4.79; CI: 3.21-6.37; p < .01) and increased sleep disturbances (Standardized Beta = 3.01; CI: 0.58-5.45; p = .02), even when accounting for demographic covariates and psychiatric comorbidity.Conclusions The association between PIU and psychopathology, as well as its impact on impairment and sleep disturbances, highlight the urgent need to gain an understanding of mechanisms in order to inform public health recommendations on internet use in U.S. youth.
The role of leptin mediating the relationship between ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms and major depressive disorder
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhu Yue , Wei Yange , Duan Jia , Zhang Ran , Sun Jiaze , Wang Pengshuo , Lv Jing , Wei Shinan , Jiang Xiaowei , Tang Yanqing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background：Leptin is a multifunctional hormone with influences on neural circuitry in emotional processing, and it may play a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether leptin levels were differentiated in patients with MDD and those at genetic high risk of MDD (GHR-MDD) and the relationship between leptin and clinical symptoms. Methods: Participants (18 drug-naïve MDD, 15 GHR-MDD and 40 healthy controls) completed clinical assessments and provided blood samples for measurement of leptin levels. Leptin levels were compared across all groups and associations between leptin and clinical symptoms were explored and mediation models tested. Results: We found that leptin was increased in MDD. We also found a correlation between leptin and ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms in MDD and that leptin was a significant and independent mediator of clinical state and ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms. Conclusions: MDD patients occured with dysregulation of leptin. Additionally, there was a correlation between leptin and ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms in MDD. The finding of leptin as a significant and independent mediator of clinical state and ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms suggested leptin plays an indirect effect in somatic depressive symptoms in MDD.
Burden of cervical lesion in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Semachew Ayele , Dagget Tadesse , Beyene Yeshiwork , Dessie Getnet , Endalamaw Aklilu , Workineh Yinager , Ayalew Emiru , Zeleke Balew , Animaw Worku 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Though cervical cancer is largely preventable, it is still the second most common female cancer globally and the leading cause of cancer deaths among females in African. Though many efforts has been done to study the burden of the disease in Ethiopia, there are still fragmented primary studies reported cervical lesion. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed in estimating the pooled prevalence of cervical cancer and its trend in Ethiopia. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using available data. PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus (AIM), African Journals Online databases and Ethiopian University research repositories were searched following the Preferred Items for Systematic review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. STATA 15 statistical software was used to analyse the data. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistics based on the random effects model. A random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of cervical lesion in Ethiopia. In addition, the trend of cervical lesion in the country was depicted. Result: Fifteen studies with a total of 25,348 participants were included in the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of cervical lesion was 16.36 (95 CI: 10.97-21.75). The subgroup analysis by region showed the highest prevalence of cervical lesion at the Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region (19.65%; 95% CI: 15.51 – 23.80). The trend of cervical lesion showed an increased pattern overtime from 1992 to 2018 in the meta-regression analysis. Conclusion: One among six of the study participants had cervical lesion. The trend also showed that there is still an increased cervical lesion in the country. Best practices in achieving high vaccination coverage shall be adapted from other successful countries. Key words: Cervical cancer, cervical lesion, systematic review, Ethiopia
Twenty-Four Hour Urine Testing and Prescriptions for Urinary Stone Disease–Related Medications in Veterans
Authors: Song Shen , Thomas I-Chun , Ganesan Calyani , Sohlberg Ericka M. , Chertow Glenn M. , Liao Joseph C. , Conti Simon , Elliott Christopher S. , Pao Alan C. , Leppert John T. 
Published: November 2019

Background and objectives
Current guidelines recommend 24-hour urine testing in the evaluation and treatment of persons with high-risk urinary stone disease. However, how much clinicians use information from 24-hour urine testing to guide secondary prevention strategies is unknown. We sought to determine the degree to which clinicians initiate or continue stone disease–related medications in response to 24-hour urine testing.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We examined a national cohort of 130,489 patients with incident urinary stone disease in the Veterans Health Administration between 2007 and 2013 to determine whether prescription patterns for thiazide diuretics, alkali therapy, and allopurinol changed in response to 24-hour urine testing.

Results
Stone formers who completed 24-hour urine testing (n=17,303; 13%) were significantly more likely to be prescribed thiazide diuretics, alkali therapy, and allopurinol compared with those who did not complete a 24-hour urine test (n=113,186; 87%). Prescription of thiazide diuretics increased in patients with hypercalciuria (9% absolute increase if urine calcium 201–400 mg/d; 21% absolute increase if urine calcium >400 mg/d, P<0.001). Prescription of alkali therapy increased in patients with hypocitraturia (24% absolute increase if urine citrate 201–400 mg/d; 34% absolute increase if urine citrate ≤200 mg/d, P<0.001). Prescription of allopurinol increased in patients with hyperuricosuria (18% absolute increase if urine uric acid >800 mg/d, P<0.001). Patients who had visited both a urologist and a nephrologist within 6 months of 24-hour urine testing were more likely to have been prescribed stone-related medications than patients who visited one, the other, or neither.

Conclusions
Clinicians adjust their treatment regimens in response to 24-hour urine testing by increasing the prescription of medications thought to reduce risk for urinary stone disease. Most patients who might benefit from targeted medications remain untreated.