bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of enamel matrix derivative on alveolar ridge preservation in the posterior maxilla: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hong , Jeong Seong‐Nyum 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEMD has been considered to exert positive effects on wound healing, postoperative discomfort, and bone regeneration.PurposeThe aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to investigate and compare (a) horizontal and vertical bone dimensional changes, (b) early postoperative discomfort and soft tissue wound healing outcomes, and (c) treatment modalities for implant placement, following posterior maxillary alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) with and without adjunctive use of EMD.MethodsTwenty‐eight participants were randomly assigned to three groups: extraction sockets filled with bovine bone mineral and membrane with EMD (test group 1, n = 10) and without EMD (test group 2, n = 10) and spontaneous healing (control group, n = 8). Alveolar bone dimensional changes were measured using cone‐beam computed tomography 5 months after ARP, and postoperative pain and wound healing outcomes were also evaluated.ResultsThere were no significant differences in horizontal or vertical bone dimensional changes between test groups 1 (horizontal width changes at 1 mm apically below the alveolar ridge crest [HW]: −1.44 ± 0.54 mm) and 2 (HW: −1.42 ± 0.26 mm), but the changes at HW (−2.36 ± 1.03 mm) in the control group were significantly greater than those in test groups 1 and 2 (P < .05). Early postoperative discomfort and soft tissue wound healing outcomes were not significantly different between the two test groups. Furthermore, unlike the control group, both the test groups 1 and 2 were implanted without sinus floor elevation using the lateral approach.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, EMD failed to provide additional benefits in ARP in the posterior maxilla.
The effects of adolescent laparoscopic adjustable gastric band and sleeve gastrectomy on markers of bone health and bone turnover
Authors: Weiner Alyson , Cowell Amanda , McMahon Donald J. , Tao Rachel , Zitsman Jeffrey , Oberfield Sharon E. , Fennoy Ilene 
Published: September 2020

Summary25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25 OHD) deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism have been seen after metabolic and bariatric surgery, but data are lacking on the bone health outcomes of adolescent sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The purpose of this study was to examine bone‐related nutrition after SG, compared to laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB), and trend bone turnover markers following SG. This is an observational study of 197 adolescents who underwent LAGB (n = 98) or SG (n = 99). Bone health labs were collected at baseline and 6 and/or 12 months after LAGB or SG, with additional analysis of bone turnover markers in the SG group. Calcium and 25 OHD levels increased at 6 and 12 months after LAGB and SG, with no difference between the surgeries. Parathyroid hormone levels decreased only in the SG group. SG patients had increased osteocalcin and carboxy‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) at 6 and 12 months post‐SG, although CTX decreased between 6 and 12 months. Excess weight loss at 6 months predicted the rise in CTX, but the changes in osteocalcin and CTX could not be attributed to 25 OHD deficiency, hypocalcemia or hyperparathyroidism. Patients had improved 25 OHD levels post‐surgery, which may be secondary to stringent vitamin supplementation guidelines. However, there were marked increases in bone turnover markers following SG. More studies are needed to evaluate the effects of SG on adolescent bone health and to correlate the early changes in bone turnover with bone mineral density and fracture risk.
Continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnoea patients with erectile dysfunction—A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Du Guodong , Ma Lei , Lv Yunhui , Zhao Yang , Yau Tung On 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a relatively common issue for men. A number of clinical studies have demonstrated that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may effectively alleviate ED symptoms from patients with OSA.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were utilised and searched for the relevant studies up to September 2, 2019. The International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF‐5) scoring system from the patients before and after receiving their CPAP therapy were collected according to the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. REVMEN 5.3 software was applied for the meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of seven publications consisted of 206 ED patients with OSA were included in the study. ED patients with OSA received CPAP treatment were significantly improved based on the IIEF‐5 scores [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89‐1.38, z = 9.09, p < 0.0001].Our research found that the high heterogeneity is mainly due to Zhang’s data, with a higher apnoea‐hypopnea index (AHI) compared to the other included studies. A moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 54%, P = 0.05) was found after removal of Zhang's data.ConclusionThe results suggest that continuous positive airway pressure therapy relive erectile dysfunction symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. However, further evidence is needed due to the insufficient number of included patients and high heterogeneity.
Myoepithelial sialadenitis with metachromatic matrix: A diagnostic pitfall. A case of salivary gland swelling in a paediatric patient evaluated by fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Ronchi Andrea , Montella Marco , Marra Paola Martina , Colella Giuseppe , Franco Renato , Cozzolino Immacolata 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is generally characterized by a high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating non‐neoplastic/inflammatory lesions from neoplastic lesions of the salivary glands. Lymphoepithelial sialadenitis/myoepithelial sialadenitis is exceedingly rare in paediatric patients and is characterized by a diffuse, often bilateral, salivary gland enlargement and the differential diagnosis may sometimes be difficult. We report the case of a 10‐year‐old boy who presented with a swelling of the left parotid gland investigated by ultrasound salivary gland FNAC.
Why Don't You Join In? A Typology of Information System Certification Adopters
Authors: Lins Sebastian , Kromat Theresa , Löbbers Julian , Benlian Alexander , Sunyaev Ali 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWhile the importance of information system (IS) certifications to demonstrate compliance with security and personal data protection requirements is constantly increasing, competing (theoretical) viewpoints exist that outline the rationales for organizations to adopt certifications. The results of these competing perspectives are inconclusive research findings in the certification adoption literature. While organizations may use certifications to signal quality to consumers, others mainly adopt certifications to improve internal processes or create institutional legitimacy. To enhance our understanding of the motivation for online vendors to adopt IS certifications, we conduct a literature review and a ranking‐type Delphi study with two unique panels comprising certified online vendors (N = 15) and certification authorities (N = 24). As a result, we provide a rank‐order list of 24 motivators and 17 demotivators impacting online vendors’ intentions to adopt IS certifications. We reveal that certain motives are context‐independent, whereas other motives are specific for electronic markets (e.g., “signal data protection”). We also provide rich descriptions of potential demotivators, thereby increasing our understanding of the boundary conditions for IS certification adoption. Comparing our findings to three competing theoretical perspectives enabled us to derive a typology of distinctive certification adopters: functionalists, institutionalists, and signalers. In developing this typology, our findings constitute a first step toward alleviating the inconclusive findings in the academic literature as well as highlighting differences in motivating and inhibiting factors that impact vendors’ adoption intentions.
The neurodevelopmental spectrum of congenital Zika infection: a scoping review
Authors: Carvalho Alessandra , Sales Henrique F , Ventura Paloma , Gnoatto‐Medeiros Marina , Brites Carlos , Lucena Rita 
Published: September 2020

AimTo describe the standardized neurodevelopmental outcomes after the first year of life in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and those exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) during fetal life, but without microcephaly at birth.MethodThis scoping review included observational studies about the standardized neurodevelopmental outcome in children with CZS or exposed to ZIKV, but without microcephaly, assessed after 12 months of age. The databases searched were MEDLINE/Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase. Risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists.ResultsSeventeen papers were included: 12 focused on children with CZS, four on children born without microcephaly, and one described both. Only one of the studies about CZS reported a child with microcephaly and typical development; the remainder described a severe pattern of global developmental delay and cerebral palsy. The prevalence of epilepsy was 74.6%. In the reports about children born without microcephaly, 6.9% to 8.7% had some domain with a score below −2 SD, and three children developed autism spectrum disorder.InterpretationCZS is associated with severe global developmental delay and cerebral palsy after 1 year of age. In children born without microcephaly, although most have typical development, some may be at risk for impairments.What this paper adds

Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is mostly associated with severe global developmental delay and cerebral palsy.

Epilepsy in CZS is present in more than two‐thirds of cases.

Most children without microcephaly at birth develop typically, but some may be at risk for language impairment.
Chemical convergence between a guild of facultative myrmecophilous caterpillars and host plants
Authors: Lima Luan Dias , Trigo José Roberto , Kaminski Lucas Augusto 
Published: September 2020

Ants exert strong selective pressure on herbivorous insects, although some caterpillars can live in symbiosis with them using chemical defensive strategies.
We investigated the adaptive resemblance of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in multitrophic systems involving a guild of facultative myrmecophilous caterpillar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), tending ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and host plants from three families. We hypothesised that the CHCs of the caterpillars would resemble those of their host plants (chemical camouflage).
We analysed CHCs using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Morisita's similarity index (SI) was used to compare CHC profiles of caterpillar species with different types of ant associations (commensal or mutualistic), ants, and host plants.
We found strong convergence between caterpillars' CHCs and plants, especially for commensal species that do not provide secretion rewards for ants. Moreover, we found unexpected chemical convergence among mutualistic (trophobiotic) caterpillar species that offer caloric reward secretions to ants.
These results show that the studied caterpillars acquire CHCs through their diet and that they vary according to host plant species and type of ant association (commensalism or mutualism). This ‘chemical camouflage’ of myrmecophilous caterpillars may have arisen as a defensive strategy allowing coexistence with ants on plants, whereas ‘chemical conspicuousness’ may have evolved in the context of honest signalling between mutualistic partners.
We suggest the existence of chemical mimicry among myrmecophilous species, especially between mutualistic caterpillars. Cuticular chemical mixtures can play a key adaptive role in decreasing ant attacks and increasing caterpillar survival in multimodal sensory systems.
Using trapped drones to assess the density of honey bee colonies: a simulation and empirical study to evaluate the accuracy of the method
Authors: Utaipanon Patsavee , Schaerf Timothy M. , Chapman Nadine C. , Holmes Michael J. , Oldroyd Benjamin P. 
Published: September 2020

It is often necessary to assess the density of honey bee colonies in an environment. In theory, a random sample of males obtained at a mating lek (Drone Congregation Area) can be used to infer the number of queens that contributed sons to the sample, and thereby estimate colony density based on the area from which drones are drawn to a DCA. Because of its utility and efficiency, the technique is being increasingly used. However, the accuracy of the method has never been evaluated, and there are no recommendations for sample size.
Here, we infer the genotypes of 322 mother queens from the genotypes of 2329 drones caught at a single DCA using the program COLONY. We then use this realistic pool of queen genotypes to generate multiple simulated data sets of drone genotypes, varying the number of queens and sons that each queen contributed to the sample.
We find that the technique provides an accurate estimate (<10% error) of the total number of families present in a drone sample, provided that queens contribute at least six drones to the sample on average. This threshold can be reduced when colony density is low. Non‐sampling error only becomes significant when queens contribute fewer than three sons on average across simulated samples.
We conclude that the technique is robust and can be used with confidence provided that the sample size is adequate.
Phenological asynchrony: a ticking time‐bomb for seemingly stable populations?
Authors: Simmonds Emily G. , Cole Ella F. , Sheldon Ben C. , Coulson Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change has been shown to induce shifts in the timing of life‐history events. As a result, interactions between species can become disrupted, with potentially detrimental effects. Predicting these consequences has proven challenging. We apply structured population models to a well‐characterised great tit‐caterpillar model system and identify thresholds of temporal asynchrony, beyond which the predator population will rapidly go extinct. Our model suggests that phenotypic plasticity in predator breeding timing initially maintains temporal synchrony in the face of environmental change. However, under projections of climate change, predator plasticity was insufficient to keep pace with prey phenology. Directional evolution then accelerated, but could not prevent mismatch. Once predator phenology lagged behind prey by more than 24 days, rapid extinction was inevitable, despite previously stable population dynamics. Our projections suggest that current population stability could be masking a route to population collapse, if high greenhouse gas emissions continue.
Prior residence effect determines success of male–male territorial competition in a color polymorphic poison frog
Authors: Yang Yusan , Prémel Vincent , Richards‐Zawacki Corinne L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMale–male competition shapes resource distributions and reproductive success among individuals, and can drive trait evolution when phenotypes differ in competitive abilities and/or strategies. Divergence of populations, regardless of the cause, is often accompanied by divergence in male competitive ability, and such asymmetries can play an important role in mediating the interactions and evolutionary trajectory of the nascent lineages. Here, we designed a field experiment to examine the importance of color, a divergent trait, in determining territorial contest outcomes in the poison frog Oophaga pumilio. Males of different O. pumilio color morphs differ in aggression level, suggesting a potential dominance hierarchy between these divergent phenotypes. In a contact zone between red and blue‐color morphs, we first removed territorial males from their calling sites, and examined whether certain color morph(s) were better at establishing in these now‐vacant territories. We then staged a territorial contest by simultaneously releasing the original and the new occupant to their point of capture. Surprisingly, we found no significant effect of color on acquiring territories or winning staged contests. However, the original occupants won against the new occupant in 84% of the staged contests, revealing a strong prior residence effect. This suggests that asymmetries that stem from prior residency override coloration in predicting contest outcomes of male–male territorial contests in wild O. pumilio. Thus, contradicting our hypothesis, male–male territorial competition alone seems unlikely to exert selection on coloration in this contact zone.
Stocks and losses of soil organic carbon from Chinese vegetated coastal habitats
Authors: Fu Chuancheng , Li Yuan , Zeng Lin , Zhang Haibo , Tu Chen , Zhou Qian , Xiong Kuanxu , Wu Jiaping , Duarte Carlos M. , Christie Peter , Luo Yongming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlobal vegetated coastal habitats (VCHs) represent a large sink for organic carbon (OC) stored within their soils. The regional patterns and causes of spatial variation, however, remain uncertain. The sparsity and regional bias of studies on soil OC stocks from Chinese VCHs have limited the reliable estimation of their capacity as regional and global OC sinks. Here, we use field and published data from 262 sampled soil cores and 181 surface soils to report estimates of soil OC stocks, burial rates and losses of VCHs in China. We find that Chinese mangrove, salt marsh and seagrass habitats have relatively low OC stocks, storing 6.3 ± 0.6, 7.5 ± 0.6, and 1.6 ± 0.6 Tg C (±95% confidence interval) in the top meter of the soil profile with burial rates of 44 ± 17, 159 ± 57, and 6 ± 45 Gg C/year, respectively. The variability in the soil OC stocks is linked to biogeographic factors but is mostly impacted by sedimentary processes and anthropic activities. All habitats have experienced significant losses, resulting in estimated emissions of 94.2–395.4 Tg CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) over the past 70 years. Reversing this trend through conservation and restoration measures has, therefore, great potential in contributing to the mitigation of climate change while providing additional benefits. This assessment, on a national scale from highly sedimentary environments under intensive anthropogenic pressures, provides important insights into blue carbon sink mechanism and sequestration capacities, thus contributing to the synchronous progression of global blue carbon management.
Functional and phylogenetic diversity promote litter decomposition across terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Xiao Wenya , Chen Chen , Chen Xinli , Huang Zhiqun , Chen Han Y. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimLitter decomposition is a vital process of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite rapid declines in plant diversity worldwide, the effects of plant diversity on litter decomposition, along with the factors driving their directions and magnitudes, remain uncertain.LocationGlobal.Time period1985–2018.Major taxa studiedPlants.MethodsBy synthesizing 492 paired observations of leaf litter mixtures and monocultures from 110 studies, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of the effects of litter mixtures on litter decomposition rates, which were calculated askcoefficients frommt/m0 = e−kt, wheremtwas the remaining mass of leaf litter at yeartandm0was the initial litter mass at the beginning of experiments.ResultsLitter mixtures on average increased litter decomposition rates by 5.6% (95% confidence intervals, 3.0–8.1%), and the effects of litter mixtures increased with litter species richness, the functional diversity of chemical traits (leaf C, N, P contents and C : N ratio) and phylogenetic diversity consistently across terrestrial ecosystems. The decomposer abundance and function, including soil fauna abundance, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities, were positively associated with litter mixture effects on decomposition rates. The structural equation models accounted for 48.6% of the global variation in litter decomposition rates and revealed that the positive effects of litter functional diversity on decomposer abundance and function led to increased litter decomposition rates, while litter phylogenetic diversity had a positive direct effect on litter decomposition rates.Main conclusionsAs indicators for complementarity effects, functional diversity of the chemical traits and phylogenetic diversity lead to more positive litter mixture effects on decomposition. The positive litter diversity effects on decomposition rates are mechanistically linked with soil fauna abundance, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities. Our results suggest that plant diversity, especially functional and phylogenetic diversity, increases decomposer abundance and function, and thus plays a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling across terrestrial ecosystems.
Bricks in the wall: A review of the issues that affect children of in‐country seasonal migrant workers in the brick kilns of Nepal
Authors: Daly Angela , Hillis Alice , Shrestha Shubhendra Man , Shrestha Babu Kaji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper explores experiences of Nepalese children of seasonal migrant workers in brick kilns and the particular vulnerabilities they face, as child labourers, as unpaid workers engaging informally in brick production or household work to the support family economy, or as children left behind in poor communities with varying support. The review provides a thematic analysis from child labour and migration literature from Nepal and South Asia from 2010–2020 to explore issues that affect children of families who internally migrate within Nepal to work in brick kilns. Two key themes and eight subthemes consistently emerged across the papers: Seasonal in‐country migration to brick kilns and impacts on children (reasons for children to enter into migrant work; left‐behind children; remittances; the role of gender on work and education) and the situation of children working in Nepalese brick kilns (living conditions; working conditions and occupational ill‐health; psychosocial distress; child protection). The review found that literature on Nepalese children from brick kiln working families is subsumed into wider studies on migration with impacts on children's lives often reported as outcomes of findings rather than a main focus of studies. Furthermore, there is minimal recent empirical research with such families and children. This may be due to ethical dilemmas of doing research with children and difficulties in maintaining contact with families that move frequently.