bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding heteronormativity in ELT textbooks: a practical taxonomy
Authors: Moore Ashley R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Heteronormativity is a form of oppressive ideology in which heterosexuality is assumed to be the normal, and often only, pattern of human romantic relationships. In the ELT classroom it can be damaging to students who fall outside of heterosexuality’s narrow confines and impoverishes learning for all students. In this article, I argue that heteronormativity’s persistence in ELT textbooks is a product of its various forms, some more insidious than others, and companies pandering to conservative markets in an increasingly homogeneous, globalized publishing economy. Worse, attempts to counter heteronormativity using essentialized representations of non-heterosexual groups may ultimately perpetuate it. Building on the work of others who have examined its manifestation in ELT textbooks, I present a taxonomy of five different forms of representational heteronormativity. I argue that this taxonomy can be used by materials writers, curriculum planners, and classroom teachers to guide their practice away from heteronormativity, towards more critically inclusive materials.
Forecasting the 2014 West African Ebola Outbreak
Authors: Carias Cristina , O’Hagan Justin J , Gambhir Manoj , Kahn Emily B , Swerdlow David L , Meltzer Martin I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 2014–2015, a large Ebola outbreak afflicted Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. We performed a systematic review of 26 manuscripts, published between 2014 and April 2015, that forecasted the West African Ebola outbreak while it was occurring, and we derived implications for how results could be interpreted by policymakers. Forecasted case counts varied widely. An important determinant of forecast accuracy for case counts was how far into the future predictions were made. Generally, forecasts for less than 2 months into the future tended to be more accurate than those made for more than 10 weeks into the future. The exceptions were parsimonious statistical models in which the decay of the rate of spread of the pathogen among susceptible individuals was dealt with explicitly. The most important lessons for policymakers regarding future outbreaks, when using similar modeling results, are: 1) uncertainty of forecasts will be greater in the beginning of the outbreak; 2) when data are limited, forecasts produced by models designed to inform specific decisions should be used complementarily for robust decision-making (e.g., 2 statistical models produced the most reliable case-counts forecasts for the studied Ebola outbreak but did not enable understanding of interventions’ impact, whereas several compartmental models could estimate interventions’ impact but required unavailable data); and 3) timely collection of essential data is necessary for optimal model use.
Quorum sensing and the anaerobic regulator (ANR) control polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production inPseudomonas chlororaphisPA23
Authors: Mohanan Nisha , Gislason April , Sharma Parveen K , Ghergab Akrm , Plouffe Jocelyn , Levin David B , de Kievit Teresa 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPseudomonas chlororaphis PA23 is a biocontrol agent that, in addition to producing antifungal compounds, synthesizes polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers as a carbon and energy sink. Quorum sensing (QS) and the anaerobic regulator (ANR) are required for PA23-mediated fungal suppression; however, the role of these regulators in PHA production is unknown. Strains lacking either QS or ANR accumulated less PHA polymers when propagated on Ramsay's minimal medium (RMM) with glucose or octanoate as the carbon source. In the acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-deficient background, all six of the genes in the pha locus (phaC1, phaC2, phaZ, phaD, phaF, phaI) showed reduced expression in RMM glucose, and all except phaC2 were repressed in RMM octanoate. Although changes in gene activity were observed in the anr mutant, they were less pronounced. Analysis of the promoter regions for QS- and ANR-binding consensus sequences revealed putative phzboxes upstream of phaZ and phaI, but no anr boxes were identified. Our findings indicate that altered pha gene expression likely contributes to the lower PHA accumulation in the QS- and ANR-deficient strains, which may be in part indirectly mediated. This study is the first to show that mcl-PHA production is under QS and ANR control.
Exploring the hydrolytic potential of cultured halophilic bacteria isolated from the Atacama Desert
Authors: Ruginescu Robert , Purcărea Cristina , Dorador Cristina , Lavin Paris , Cojoc Roxana , Neagu Simona , Lucaci Ioana , Enache Mădălin 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Considering that most industrial processes are carried out under harsh physicochemical conditions, which would inactivate enzymes from commonly isolated mesophilic organisms, current studies are geared toward the identification of extremophilic microorganisms producing enzymes resistant to extreme salt concentrations, temperature and pH. Among the extremophiles, halophilic microorganisms are an important source of salt-tolerant enzymes that can be used in varying biotechnological applications. In this context, the aim of the present work was to isolate and identify halophiles producing hydrolases from the Atacama Desert, one of the harshest environments on Earth. Isolates were recovered from halite samples and screened for the presence of seven different hydrolase activities (amylase, caseinase, gelatinase, lipase, pectinase, cellulase and inulinase) using agar plate-based assays. From a total of 23 halophilic bacterial isolates, most showed lipolytic (19 strains) and pectinolytic (11 strains) activities. The molecular identification of eight selected isolates showed a strong similarity to members of the Halomonas and Idiomarina genera. Therefore, the present study represents a preliminary, but essential, step to identify novel biological sources of extremozymes in an environment once thought to be devoid of life.
Potential use of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts and its formulation for control of three major stored product beetles
Authors: Adesina Jacobs Mobolade , Raghavendra Anjanappa , Rajashekar Yallappa , Ofuya Thomas Inomisan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Insecticidal activity of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts against the stored product insect pest, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were investigated.

Materials and Methods
Hundred grams of C. capitatum powder was sequentially extracted with a series of solvents of increasing polarity in a Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were concentrated on rotary evaporator to make it solvent free and the residue dissolved in a known volume of methanol and the solution was assayed for insecticidal activity by the fumigant toxicity. Hexane extract which showed maximum activity was selected for the preparation of herbal formulation and for its insecticidal properties and phytotoxicity. The herbal formulation obtained from leaves of C. capitatum was investigated by GCMS and GC/FID.

Results
Clerodendrum capitatum ethyl extract had a very strong repellent activity to adults of all three major stored grain insects and was significantly repellent at a 1.58 mg/cm2. The hexane extract (oil) had high fumigant activity with LC50 values in the range between 25 and 32 µg/L. A total of 14 components representing 97.8% of the formulation were identified and the main compounds in the formulation were found to be 2-Heptanone, 3-methyl (33.9 %) and Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (25.3%) followed by 3-Dodecen-1-al (10.2%) and 8-Methyl-1-undecene (4.9%). Further, herbal formulation was found to be highly toxic to mixed age cultures of all three major stored grain insect pests which recorded 80%–90% mortality at dose of 200 µg/L in 24 h exposure, where as 100% mortality achieved at dose of 200 µg/L in 72 h exposure, respectively.

Conclusion
The results indicate that extracts and formulation of C. capitatum has the potential to be developed in to a natural insecticide or repellent for controlling of stored product beetles.
Ten-Year Trajectories of Alcohol Consumption in Older Adult New Zealanders
Authors: Szabó Ágnes , Towers Andy , Sheridan Janie , Newcombe David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Older adults are often treated as a homogeneous drinking group, but research suggests that they engage with alcohol in various ways, ranging from abstention to heavy drinking. The study aimed to (i) identify subgroups of older adults based on changes in frequency and quantity of alcohol use over 10 years and (ii) examine co-occurring changes in mental and physical health.

Method
Data were collected biennially between 2006 and 2016 from 2,632 New Zealanders (55–70 years old at baseline). Latent class growth analysis was performed to identify trajectories of alcohol use. Co-occurring changes in physical and mental health were examined using latent growth curve analysis.

Results
Five drinking profiles emerged: (i) infrequent, low-quantity consumers; (ii) highly frequent, low-quantity consumers; (iii) moderately frequent, high-quantity consumers; (iv) moderately frequent, low-quantity consumers; and (v) highly frequent, high-quantity consumers. Drinking trajectories demonstrated no change or slight declines in frequency and quantity over time. Frequent and moderately frequent, high-quantity drinking was more prevalent among men, younger participants, and active smokers. Moderately frequent, heavy drinkers were in very poor health. Frequent and moderately frequent, low-quantity drinking was associated with better health and economic well-being. Infrequent, low-quantity consumers were more likely to be women and in poor health.

Discussion
The five drinking profiles indicate that older adults engage with alcohol in diverse ways. Two of these patterns indicated potentially hazardous use, which highlights the need for screening and intervention in this age group.
Magmatic differentiation and convective stirring of the mantle in early planets 2: Effects of the properties of mantle materials
Authors: Ogawa Masaki 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Magmatism and mantle convection closely couple with each other, when the mantle is hot and magmatism is extensive. Here, I explore dynamics of the coupled system for a planet of the Earth's size based on a two-dimensional numerical model. Magmatism occurs as a permeable flow of basaltic magma generated by decompression melting through matrix, while mantle convection is driven by thermal, compositional, and melt-buoyancy as well as the volume change of matrix caused by magma-migration. The viscosity of matrix strongly depends on temperature. Basaltic solid materials are denser than the average mantle materials except at the top of the lower mantle and in the crust. A positive feedback between magmatism and mantle convection caused by melt-buoyancy (the MMUb feedback) dominates mantle dynamics, when the Rayleigh number Ra is higher than a threshold RMMUb, around 107: buoyancy of magma generated by mantle upwelling flow drives the upwelling flow itself. The feedback reinforces convective stirring of the mantle and also allows the buoyancy of basaltic materials at the top of the lower mantle to strongly impede mass exchange between the upper and lower mantles. As a consequence, an extensive magmatism can only moderately differentiate the mantle at Ra > RMMUb. At Ra < RMMUb, another type of positive feedback is important (the MMUc feedback): volume change of matrix caused by magma-migration drives the mantle upwelling flow that generates the magma. This feedback does not noticeably enhance convective stirring and hence enhances differentiation of the mantle by magmatism. I also calculated several cases where melt is denser than matrix at the base of the upper mantle and found that a compositional discontinuity develops along the top of the lower mantle to make the mantle layered, when Ra < RMMUb. In the early Earth where magmatism was probably extensive, the MMUb feedback is most likely to have operated to keep the mantle rather homogeneous despite differentiation by the magmatism.
Aortic dissection reconsidered: type, entry site, malperfusion classification adding clarity and enabling outcome prediction
Authors: Sievers Hans-Hinrich , Rylski Bartosz , Czerny Martin , Baier Anna L M , Kreibich Maximilian , Siepe Matthias , Beyersdorf Friedhelm 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESAortic dissection is complex. Imaging and treatment modalities are evolving, demanding a more differentiated but pragmatic dissection classification. Our goal was to provide a new practical classification system including Type of dissection, location of the tear of the primary Entry and Malperfusion (TEM).METHODSWe extended the Stanford dissection classification (A and B) by adding non-A non-B aortic dissection, the location of the primary entry tear (E) and malperfusion (M). A 0 was added if the primary entry tear was not visible; 1, if it was in the ascending aorta; 2, if it was in the arch; and 3, if it was in the descending aorta (E0, E1, E2, E3). We added 0 if malperfusion was absent; 1, if coronary arteries; 2, if supra-aortic vessels; and 3, if visceral/renal and/or a lower extremity was affected (M0, M1, M2, M3). Plus (+) was added if malperfusion was clinically present and minus (−) if it was a radiological finding.RESULTSThe new classification system was analysed in 357 patients retrospectively; distribution was 59%, 31% and 10% for A, B and non-A non-B dissections. The in-hospital mortality rate was 16%, 5% and 8% (P = 0.01). Postoperative stroke occurred in 14%, 1% and 3% (P &lt; 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate was 22%, 14%, 40% and 0% in A E0, E1, E2 and E3 (P = 0.023), respectively. Two years after the onset of dissection, the lowest survival rate was observed in A, followed by non-A non-B and B (83 ± 3% vs 88 ± 6% vs 93 ± 3%; P = 0.019).CONCLUSIONSThe new practical TEM aortic dissection classification system adds clarity regarding the extent of the disease process, enhances awareness of the disease mechanism, aids in decision-making regarding the extent of repair and helps in anticipating outcome.
Electroconvulsive seizures induce autophagy by activating the AMPK signaling pathway in the rat frontal cortex
Authors: Kim Se Hyun , Yu Hyun Sook , Park Soyoung , Park Hong Geun , Ahn Yong Min , Kang Ung Gu , Kim Yong Sik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
It is uncertain how electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-induced generalized seizures exert their potent therapeutic effects on various neuropsychiatric disorders. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a major role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, and activates autophagic processes via unc-51-like kinase (ULK1). Evidence supports the involvement of autophagy system in the action mechanisms of antidepressants and antipsychotics. The effect of ECT on autophagy-related signaling requires further clarification.

Methods
The effect of electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) on autophagy, and its association with the AMPK signaling pathway, were investigated in the rat frontal cortex. ECS was provided once per day for 10 days (E10X), and compound C or 3-methyadenine was administered through an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula. Molecular changes were analyzed with immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses.

Results
E10X increased p-Thr172-AMPKα immunoreactivity in rat frontal cortex neurons. E10X increased phosphorylation of upstream effectors of AMPK, such as LKB1, CaMKK, and TAK1, and of its substrates, ACC, HMGR, and GABABR2. E10X also increased p-Ser317-ULK1 immunoreactivity. At the same time, LC3-II and ATG5–ATG12 conjugate immunoreactivity increased, indicating activation of autophagy. An i.c.v injection of the AMPK inhibitor compound C attenuated the ECS-induced increase in ULK1 phosphorylation, as well as the protein levels of LC3-II and Atg5–Atg12 conjugate. TEM clearly showed an increased number of autophagosomes in the rat frontal cortex after E10X, which was reduced by i.c.v treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyadenine and compound C.

Conclusions
Repeated ECS treatments activated in vivo autophagy in the rat frontal cortex through the AMPK signaling pathway.
A Novel Field-Deployable Method for Sequencing and Analyses of Henipavirus Genomes From Complex Samples on the MinION Platform
Authors: Yinda Claude Kwe , Seifert Stephanie N , Macmenamin Philip , van Doremalen Neeltje , Kim Lewis , Bushmaker Trenton , de Wit Emmie , Quinones Mariam , Munster Vincent J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Viruses in the genus Henipavirus encompass 2 highly pathogenic emerging zoonotic pathogens, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV). Despite the impact on human health, there is currently limited full-genome sequence information available for henipaviruses. This lack of full-length genomes hampers our ability to understand the molecular drivers of henipavirus emergence. Furthermore, rapidly deployable viral genome sequencing can be an integral part of outbreak response and epidemiological investigations to study transmission chains. In this study, we describe the development of a reverse-transcription, long-range polymerase chain reaction (LRPCR) assay for efficient genome amplification of NiV, HeV, and a related non-pathogenic henipavirus, Cedar virus (CedPV). We then demonstrated the utility of our method by amplifying partial viral genomes from 6 HeV-infected tissue samples from Syrian hamsters and 4 tissue samples from a NiV-infected African green monkey with viral loads as low as 52 genome copies/mg. We subsequently sequenced the amplified genomes on the portable Oxford Nanopore MinION platform and analyzed the data using a newly developed field-deployable bioinformatic pipeline. Our LRPCR assay allows amplification and sequencing of 2 or 4 amplicons in semi-nested reactions. Coupled with an easy-to-use bioinformatics pipeline, this method is particularly useful in the field during outbreaks in resource-poor environments.
Revision of the New World Scentless Plant Bug Genus Niesthrea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhopalidae), with Descriptions of Six New Species and a Key to the Species
Authors: Melo María Cecilia , Henry Thomas J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe scentless plant bug genus Niesthrea Spinola, 1837 (Rhopalinae, Niesthreini) is revised. Fourteen previously described species are diagnosed; Niesthrea ashlocki Froeschner, 1989 and Niesthrea remediana Grillo and Alayo, 1978 (revised synonymy) are synonymized under Niesthrea flava Grillo and Alayo, 1978; Niesthrea parasidae Grillo and Alayo, 1978 is synonymized under Niesthrea sidae (Fabricius, 1794); Niesthrea pictipes casinii Göllner-Scheiding, 1984 is elevated to species status; a neotype is designated for Corizus campoi Porter; and the six new species Niesthrea choprai sp. nov. from Argentina and Peru, Niesthrea conicoloba sp. nov. from Argentina, Niesthrea lateroloba sp. nov. from Peru, Niesthrea parvaloba sp. nov. from Bolivia, Niesthrea rostrata sp. nov. from Colombia and Ecuador, and Niesthrea truncata sp. nov. from Brazil and Colombia are described. A color habitus illustration of N. flava, color digital images of all adults and male genitalia, and an identification key to the 20 currently known species, based primarily on male genitalia, are provided to help distinguish species. Host plants and biogeography are documented.
Integrating primary and secondary care to optimize hepatitis C treatment: development and evaluation of a multidisciplinary educational Masterclass series
Authors: McCombe Geoff , Almaazmi Bashayer , Cullen Walter , Lambert John S , Avramovic Gordana , Murphy Carol , O’Connor Mairead , Perry Nicola , Ianache Irina , Lazar Stefan , McHugh Tina , Surey Julian , Macías Juan , Vickerman Peter , Oprea Cristiana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
It is increasingly being recognized that the elimination of HCV requires a multidisciplinary approach and effective cooperation between primary and secondary care.

Objectives
As part of a project (HepCare Europe) to integrate primary and secondary care for patients at risk of or infected with HCV, we developed a multidisciplinary educational Masterclass series for healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in primary care in Dublin and Bucharest. This article aims to describe and evaluate the series and examine how this model might be implemented into practice.

Methods
GPs and other HCPs working in primary care, addiction treatment services and NGOs were invited to eight 1 day symposia (HCV Masterclass series), examining the burden and management of HCV in key populations. Peer-support sessions were also conducted, to give people affected by HCV and community-based organizations working with those directly affected, an update on the latest developments in HCV treatment.

Results
One hundred percent of participants ‘strongly agreed’ or ‘agreed’ that the Masterclass helped them to appreciate the role of integrated services in ‘the management of patients with HCV’. One hundred percent of participants indicated the importance of a ‘designated nurse to liaise with hospital services’. An improvement of knowledge regarding HCV management of patients with high-risk behaviour was registered at the end of the course.

Conclusions
Integrated approaches to healthcare and improving the knowledge of HCPs and patients of the latest developments in HCV treatment are very important strategies that can enhance the HCV care pathway and treatment outcomes.
For Whom the Gamer Trolls: A Study of Trolling Interactions in the Online Gaming Context
Authors: Cook Christine , Conijn Rianne , Schaafsma Juliette , Antheunis Marjolijn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present study aimed to expand our understanding of trolling interactions by examining 10,025 community-reported trolling incidents in the online game League of Legends to determine what characterizes messages sent by trolls, their teammates, and their opponents. To do this, we used a novel method blending content analysis and topic modelling. Contrary to extant literature, our study of complete trolling interactions found striking similarities between teammates’ and trolls’ chats, with both displaying the negative traits (e.g., exclusionary language) typically attributed to trolls. Findings also suggest that the transition from victim to perpetrator can occur extremely rapidly. This has important implications for the labelling of actors in trolling interactions, for future studies into the trolling cycle, and for theories of computer-mediated communication.
CHINESE PUZZLE: ANATOMY OF THE (INVISIBLE) BELT AND ROAD INVESTMENT TREATY1
Authors: Chaisse Julien , Kirkwood Jamieson 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article makes a major contribution to the emerging Belt and Road Initiative scholarship (and international economic law) by highlighting that (i) China’s existing investment treaty network along the Belt and Road is dated, (ii) many or most of those treaties include Most Favored Nation provisions, (iii) these treaties have hitherto been subject to a static three generations analysis which does not reflect the reality, and (iv) there is significant authority supporting the use of the Most Favoured Nation provisions by Chinese investors to upgrade the Belt and Road Initiative investment treaty network. This article demonstrates that an investment treaty for the Belt and Road Initiative already exists via the Most Favored Nation clause present in China’s bilateral investment treaties. Moreover, the article further identifies that China’s treaty network is unique (by being so extensive) and assesses the potential for investment claims in light of Belt and Road Initiative jurisdictions past involvements in Investor–State Dispute Settlement, and by doing so, the article sheds a new light on the predicted increased use of such procedure by Chinese investors.