bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The applicability of non-invasive methods for assessing liver fibrosis in hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Lee Jia-Jung , Wei Yu-Ju , Lin Ming-Yen , Niu Sheng-Wen , Hsu Po-Yao , Huang Jiun-Chi , Jang Tyng-Yuan , Yeh Ming-Lun , Huang Ching-I , Liang Po-Cheng , Lin Yi-Hung , Hsieh Ming-Yen , Hsieh Meng-Hsuan , Chen Szu-Chia , Dai Chia-Yen , Lin Zu-Yau , Chen Shinn-Cherng , Huang Jee-Fu , Chang Jer-Ming , Hwang Shang-Jyh , Huang Chung-Feng , Chiu Yi-Wen , Chuang Wan-Long , Yu Ming-Lung 
Published: November 2020

Background
The accurate assessment of liver fibrosis among hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is important for both treatment and for follow up strategies. Applying the non-invasive methods in general population with viral hepatitis have been successful but the applicability of the aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI) or the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) in hemodialysis patients need further evaluation.

Materials and methods
We conducted a prospective, multi-center, uremic cohort to verify the applicability of APRI and FIB-4 in identifying liver fibrosis by reference with the standard transient elastography (TE) measures.

Results
There were 116 CHC cases with valid TE were enrolled in our analysis. 46 cases (39.6%) were classified as F1, 35 cases (30.2%) as F2, 11 cases (9.5%) as F3, and 24 cases (20.7%) as F4, respectively. The traditional APRI and FIB-4 criteria did not correctly identify liver fibrosis. The optimal cut-off value of APRI was 0.28 and of FIB-4 was 1.91 to best excluding liver cirrhosis with AUC of 76% and 77%, respectively. The subgroup analysis showed that female CHC hemodialysis patients had better diagnostic accuracy with 74.1% by APRI. And CHC hemodialysis patients without hypertension had better diagnostic accuracy with 78.6% by FIB-4.

Conclusions
This study confirmed the traditional category level of APRI and FIB-4 were unable to identify liver fibrosis of CHC hemodialysis patients. With the adjusted cut-off value, APRI and FIB-4 still showed suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. Our results suggest the necessary of TE measures for liver fibrosis in the CHC uremic population.
Maternal perception of masking in children as a preventive strategy for COVID-19 in Nigeria: A multicentre study
Authors: Aronu Ann E. , Chinawa Josephat M. , Nduagubam Obinna C. , Ossai Edmund N. , Chinawa Awoere T. , Igwe Wilson C. 
Published: November 2020

Background
The use of face masks by children for the prevention of COVID 19 is still controversial, especially with regards to who should wear the face mask and at what age.

Objectives
The study aimed to ascertain the perception of mothers on masking in children as a preventive strategy for COVID-19.

Methodology
This was a cross-sectional study carried out in two health institutions among 387 mothers who presented with their children for the first time in the hospital during the COVID 19 pandemic. A pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire which was designed by the researchers was used for data collection.

Results
Minority (44.7%) of the mothers perceived masking in children as an appropriate measure for the prevention of COVID-19. The frequent reasons given by majority (55.3%) of the mothers for the inappropriateness of face mask in children included perceived difficulty in breathing (38.5%) and the child’s readiness to pull it off (29.3%). A significantly higher proportion of the children whose mothers were 35 years and above, 64.2% would wear face masks when compared with 31.7% of those whose mothers were < 30 years of age (χ2 = 28.632, p<0.001). Similarly, a significantly higher proportion (51.0%) of the children who were more than one year of age would wear a face mask when compared with 20.5% of those aged eight days to one year (χ2 = 19.441, p<0.001). The children whose mothers were <30 years were about four times less likely to wear a face mask when compared with those whose mothers were aged 35 years and above. (AOR = 0.273; 95%CI: 0.155–0.478). The children whose fathers have attained tertiary education were about twice less likely to wear face masks when compared with those whose fathers have attained secondary education and less. (AOR = 0.554; 95%CI: 0.334–0.919). Mothers’ perception of COVID-19 had no significant influence on children’s use of face mask (χ2 = 2.337, p = 0.127)

Conclusion
Maternal perception of masking in children as an appropriate strategy for preventing COVID-19 is adjudged low in this study. Right perception is significantly enhanced by maternal educational status, employment and marital status.
Contribuições de Jean-François Sirinelli à história dos intelectuais da educação
Authors: Alves Claudia 
Published: November 2020

No presente artigo, buscamos aprofundar a compreensão a respeito das categorias de análise propostas pela vertente da história dos intelectuais, a partir das proposições do historiador Jean-François Sirinelli, com vistas a discutir sua apropriação nas pesquisas empreendidas em História da Educação no Brasil. Na primeira parte, são apresentadas as categorias de itinerário intelectual, rede de sociabilidade e geração intelectual, na sua relação com o conceito de cultura política. Na segunda parte, é construída uma reflexão sobre as especificidades do processo histórico brasileiro que exigem atenção para que se proceda a uma utilização apropriada do arsenal metodológico na pesquisa histórica em educação realizada no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: História dos intelectuais. Jean-François Sirinelli. História da Educação.
Usos da prosopografia para a história dos intelectuais da educação
Authors: Júnior Bruno Bontempi 
Published: November 2020

O artigo discute a potencialidade e os modos de uso da prosopografia em pesquisas sobre intelectuais na história da educação. Apresenta, em percurso bibliográfico, as principais definições, conceitos, operações metodológicas e fontes que a constituem. Sustenta que, no campo da história da educação, a metodologia prosopográfica oferece contribuições para o estudo dos intelectuais, sobretudo em investigações sobre os manifestos e seus signatários, cujos liames societários podem reafirmar ou subverter a lógica das posições individuais; os coletivos docentes, suas trajetórias de formação e movimentação institucional e regional; as histórias institucionais, notadamente quanto à destinação social e política de egressos e à circulação de quadros técnicos e acadêmicos; as associações da sociedade civil, tais como sindicatos e entidades categoriais, cujos quadros atuaram na esfera educacional. Conclui-se que a utilização da prosopografia permite ao historiador extrapolar a usual abordagem individual de autores e ideias em educação, a fim de integrar os intelectuais em coletivos, tais como grupos profissionais, redes de sociabilidade e comunidades disciplinares, nos quais as propriedades relacionais e os jogos de interesse podem revelar tantos significados quanto os discursos, material da maioria das pesquisas em torno do tema.
Palavras-chave: Prosopografia. Intelectuais. Pesquisa histórica.
Os Escolares e a instituição educativa: cânone e cultura escolar
Authors: Magalhães Justino Pereira de 
Published: November 2020

A representação da educação envolve uma noção sistémica e os intelectuais podem funcionar como sistema. Eles configuram e demarcam o campo educacional. O intelectual constitui um conceito que pode ser trabalhado enquanto categoria epistémica com educabilidade e historicidade. Os Intelectuais cedo percepcionam o que está ‘de novo’ em crise e o que deverá permanecer. Entre estes emergem os Escolares; combinando as dimensões de intelectualidade e educabilidade, são intelectuais envolvidos institucionalmente e que estabelecem o cruzamento entre educação e sociedade, são instituintes. Reconhecidos como mestres, são, em regra, autores de textos doutrinários e livros escolares; têm especial relevância na constituição do cânone escolar, literário, científico, artístico. Nada do que é humano lhes é indiferente; sabem fazer uso do poder simbólico e material que o institucional e o normativo lhes conferem.
Será sobre os Escolares que procurarei desenvolver o meu texto. Tomarei como referência fundamental os intelectuais portugueses e a história da educação em Portugal.
Palavras-chave: História da educação. Cânone. Intelectuais. Educabilidade. Escolares.
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Humans Induces Pupil Dilation and Attenuates Alpha Oscillations
Authors: Sharon Omer , Fahoum Firas , Nir Yuval 
Published: November 2020

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is widely used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and depression. While the precise mechanisms mediating its long-term therapeutic effects are not fully resolved, they likely involve locus coeruleus (LC) stimulation via the nucleus of the solitary tract, which receives afferent vagal inputs. In rats, VNS elevates LC firing and forebrain noradrenaline levels, whereas LC lesions suppress VNS therapeutic efficacy. Noninvasive transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) uses electrical stimulation that targets the auricular branch of the vagus nerve at the cymba conchae of the ear. However, the extent to which tVNS mimics VNS remains unclear. Here, we investigated the short-term effects of tVNS in healthy human male volunteers (n= 24), using high-density EEG and pupillometry during visual fixation at rest. We compared short (3.4 s) trials of tVNS to sham electrical stimulation at the earlobe (far from the vagus nerve branch) to control for somatosensory stimulation. Although tVNS and sham stimulation did not differ in subjective intensity ratings, tVNS led to robust pupil dilation (peaking 4–5 s after trial onset) that was significantly higher than following sham stimulation. We further quantified, using parallel factor analysis, how tVNS modulates idle occipital alpha (8–13Hz) activity identified in each participant. We found greater attenuation of alpha oscillations by tVNS than by sham stimulation. This demonstrates that tVNS reliably induces pupillary and EEG markers of arousal beyond the effects of somatosensory stimulation, thus supporting the hypothesis that tVNS elevates noradrenaline and other arousal-promoting neuromodulatory signaling, and mimics invasive VNS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCurrent noninvasive brain stimulation techniques are mostly confined to modulating cortical activity, as is typical with transcranial magnetic or transcranial direct/alternating current electrical stimulation. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has been proposed to stimulate subcortical arousal-promoting nuclei, though previous studies yielded inconsistent results. Here we show that short (3.4 s) tVNS pulses in naive healthy male volunteers induced transient pupil dilation and attenuation of occipital alpha oscillations. These markers of brain arousal are in line with the established effects of invasive VNS on locus coeruleus–noradrenaline signaling, and support that tVNS mimics VNS. Therefore, tVNS can be used as a tool for studying how endogenous subcortical neuromodulatory signaling affects human cognition, including perception, attention, memory, and decision-making; and also for developing novel clinical applications.
Implementasi Green Constitution Demi Mewujudkan Kehidupan Sehat dan Sejahtera
Authors: Nasution Latipah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract:The obligation of every human being is to keep the environment green. Healthy humans are people who value their environment. The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has stipulated in Article 28h paragraph (1) that "Every person has the right to live in an inner and outer prosperity, to live and get a good and healthy environment and the right to receive health services."This means that there is a legal guarantee for everyone who lives in the territory of Indonesia to get a healthy and green environment. Therefore this paper analyzes the extent of the role and contribution of various groups in the creation of the green environment.Keywords: Green Environment, Green Constitution, Healthy Environment Abstrak:Menjaga lingkungan hidup tetap hijau merupakan kewajiban dari setiap manusia. Manusia yang sehat adalah manusia yang menghargai lingkungannya. Konstitusi Republik Indonesia telah mengatur dalam pasal 28h ayat (1) bahwa “Setiap orang berhak hidup sejahtera lahir batin, bertempat tinggal dan mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan.” Artinya ada jaminan hukum bagi setiap orang yang hidup di wilayah Indonesia untuk mendapatkan lingkungan yang sehat dan hijau. Oleh karenanya tulisan ini mengalisis sejauh mana peran dan kontribusi berbagai kalangan dalam penciptaan lingkungan hijau tersebut.Kata Kunci: Lingkungan Hijau, Green Konstitusi, Lingkungan Sehat
Bersekongkol Membubarkan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi
Authors: Putri Cicik Nawang , Alwi Helmi , Suharto Budi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract:The purpose of this study is to determine the legal implications of the loss of the authority to investigate and prosecute and the responsibility of the leadership of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). In this study using empirical research methods. This researcher offers something new, namely the weakening of the KPK institutions which has an impact on the less than optimal performance of corruption eradication and even results in the cessation of efforts to investigate, investigate and prosecute various corruption cases, which could have implications for the dissolution of the KPK institutions. The results of this study stated that the loss of the authority to investigate and prosecute and the responsibilities of the KPK leadership resulted in a decline in KPK performance, because it could not work optimally.Keywords: Fundamental, Legal Implications, Authority, Investigation, Prosecution Abstrak:Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implikasi hukum dari hilangnya kewenangan menyidik dan menuntut serta tanggung jawab dari pimpinan KPK. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian empi ris. Peneliti ini menawarkan suatu hal yang baru, yaitu dilemahkannya lembaga KPK yang berimbas pada kurang optimalnya kinerja pemberantasan korupsi dan bahkan mengakibatkan terhentinya upaya penyelidikan, penyidikan dan penuntutan berbagai kasus korupsi, yang dapat berimplikasi pada dibubarkannya lembaga KPK. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa dengan hilangnya kewenangan menyidik dan menuntut serta tanggung jawab pimpinan KPK mengakibatkan menurunnya kinerja KPK, karena tidak dapat bekerja dengan optimal.Kata Kunci: Fundamental, Implikasi Hukum, Kewenangan, Penyidikan, Penuntutan
Comparación de los resultados de la artroplastia total de tobillo en pacientes ≤55 y >55 años
Authors: Villena Daniel Sebastián , Sotelano Pablo , Conti Leonardo , Parise Ana Cecilia , Santini Araujo Gala , Carlucci Sofía , Dozo Carlos , Carrasco Marina 
Published: November 2020

Resumen
Objetivo: Comparar los resultados posoperatorios clínicos y radiográficos en dos grupos de pacientes: >55 años y ≤55 años, sometidos a una artroplastia total de tobillo de tercera generación. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó, en forma retrospectiva, a dos grupos de pacientes: ≤55 años (n = 13) y >55 años (n = 18), que fueron sometidos a una artroplastia total de tobillo de tercera generación. La edad promedio del grupo ≤55 años era 42.8 (DE 6.4) y la del grupo >55 años, 65.7 (DE 8.8). Resultados: El seguimiento promedio fue de 36 meses (RIC 25-60). La etiología era principalmente postraumática en ambos grupos. El puntaje promedio de la escala AOFAS al año de la cirugía fue 76,69 (RIC 58-89) en el grupo ≤55 años y 85,22 (RIC 67-100) en el grupo >55 años. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos en los ángulos α, β y γ medidos en las radiografías con apoyo a los 2 meses y a los 2 años de la cirugía. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio demostró que los resultados clínicos y radiográficos en pacientes más jóvenes serían comparables con los de pacientes más grandes en el seguimiento temprano. Se necesita un seguimiento a más largo plazo para determinar si el riesgo de revisión es más alto en los pacientes jóvenes, debido a la falla relacionada con el desgaste de la prótesis.
Palabras clave: Tobillo; artroplastia; edad; artrosis de tobillo.
Nivel de Evidencia: III
Quality Improvement for Rapid Development and Scale-Up of COVID-19–Related Screening Processes
Authors: Shears Emily A. , Henkel Paul G. , Mayhaus David , Bedinghaus Cindi , Hawkins DeAnna , Aull Angela , Sparks Kathleen M. , Britto Maria T. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
In March 2020, Ohio strongly recommended temperature and health screening for coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms in all businesses to reduce the spread of infection.

METHODS:
We used multiple plan-do-study-act cycles and workplace efficiency techniques iteratively to develop 12 intervention components required to effectively screen employees and visitors across all locations. We used run and control charts to summarize our performance over time.

RESULTS:
Over the course of 20 days of rapid testing, we increased from 0% to 100% of locations successfully screening. The volume of people undergoing screening peaked during employee shift change. Employee positive screen results decreased by &gt;50% after the first 7 days of screening, whereas family positive screen results remained stable throughout the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:
An empowered, multidepartmental steering team, disciplined use of rapid cycle quality improvement processes, and explicit, standardized training processes enabled rapid successful scale-up of standard screening and masking process for employees and patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This approach can assist hospitals in adapting screening processes to evolving evidence.
A Barlám-Regény Kódexképei És Címsorai (Cod. Athon. Iviron 463)
Authors: Egedi-Kovács Emese 
Published: November 2020

A tanulmány az Athós-hegyi Iviron 463-as jelzetű kétnyelvű (ógörög-ófrancia) bizánci kézirat különféle rétegeinek (ógörög főszöveg, miniatúrák, lapszélen szereplő ófrancia fordítás, ófrancia címsorok) összefüggéseit vizsgálja újabb megközelítésből, korábban nem vizsgált szempontok bevonásával: a miniatúrák és az ófrancia szövegben szereplő piros tintával kiemelt címsorok közötti kapcsolat feltárásával. A tanulmány a Barlám-regény görög változatait megőrző kódexek – ivironi kézirat szempontjából fontos – magyarázó címeit is áttekinti, a kéziratok közötti közös elemeket vizsgálja. Az elemzés az ivironi kódex készítésének körülményeivel kapcsolatban újabb fontos összefüggésekre világít rá.The study examines the relations between diﬀerent aspects (Ancient Greek main text, miniatures, Old French translation on the margins, Old French headlines) of the manuscript Iviron № 463, which is a bilingual (Ancient Greek-Old French) Byzantine manuscript kept on Mount Athos, from a new perspective by including formerly not investigated viewpoints: by exploring the relationship between the miniatures and the headlines that are highlighted by red ink in the Old French text. The study also mentions the explanatory inscriptions in codices that preserved the Greek versions of the Barlaam-romance and are relevant in connection with the Iviron manuscript, furthermore, it investigates the common features of the manuscripts. The analysis reveals new important relations regarding the circumstances of the creation of codex Iviron.
The role of the thickness on the tribological properties of FeAlCr intermetallic alloy thin films deposited on austenitic steel
Authors: Gonçalves Rodolfo L.P. , Cardoso Katia R. , Miyakawa Walter , Almeida Gisele F.C. , da Silva Sobrinho Argemiro S. , Massi Marcos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Propuesta de cambios curriculares: eje transversal interacción con el sector productivo
Authors: Sarralde Pereira Mónica Isabel 
Published: November 2020

El artículo aborda como tema, la interacción con el sector productivo, concebida desde las expectativas de empresarios docentes y estudiantes del Programa de pregrado de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad de Nariño, al tomar como referencia la concepción de algunos autores y las experiencias de universidades nacionales y extranjeras. Se trabajó a partir del paradigma cualitativo y orientado por el enfoque hermenéutico, se agregó la muestra estudiantes y empresarios. Se realizó un análisis de la situación actual de dicho Programa, indagando las necesidades de los participantes en cuanto a su relación con el sector productivo. En los resultados, los sujetos de investigación evidenciaron que es importante fortalecer las relaciones del Programa con el sector productivo, al manifestar interés en que la práctica sea formalizada con las obligaciones de ley, se tenga en cuenta otras alternativas de interacción con el sector mencionado, con la pretensión de que éstas se inicien desde los primeros semestres, a partir de las asignaturas prácticas del Plan de estudios. Se obtuvo como resultados, que al momento de la realización de la práctica en algunos países, está estipulado que sea en los primeros semestres, cuando el estudiante selecciona la asignatura práctica según su dominio, constituyéndose en el objetivo del currículo práctico. Así, se elaboró un micro-currículo para la malla, que posibilite a los estudiantes su interacción con el sector productivo desde los primeros semestres; esta medida lograría un aporte social, al generar una formación ejecutiva, como también el desarrollo de unas competencias empresariales teoría-técnica.
Transportation Environments of Fresh Produce
Authors: Peleg Kalman , Hinga Shalom 
Published: November 2020

A produce distribution survey was conducted to develop a calculated risk approach to packaging systems design. A database for simulating shock and vibration inputs was derived from two instrumented surveys of typical transport routes of apples and citrus fruit. These comprised spectral envelopes encompassing different truck types and road conditions, and a ship voyage from Haifa port in Israel to Marseille, France.
Intermittent transient accelerations were segregated from continuous steady-state vibration records and presented separately as Fourier spectrum envelopes. Handling shocks sustained by pallet loads during forklift loading and unloading are also reported.
Experience, Problems, and Subtleties of Electrostatic Discharge at JPL
Authors: Woods William 
Published: November 2020

As electronics hardware grows more prevalent and sophisticated, it becomes more susceptible to problems such as electrostatic discharge (ESD). At the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), control of ESD is extremely important because of the high costs of spacecraft for planetary exploration, the increasing lengths of planetary missions, the vulnerability of electronic components, budgetary constraints, and the overall complexity of various components in the spacecraft.
Three approaches are used at JPL to control ESD. A six-member ESD committee, a series of seven documents, and knowledge based on experience are combined to deal with ESD problems.
Observations show that most damage from ESD occurs for one of two reasons: either one or more persons have failed to comply with clearly listed or defined requirements or certain subtleties are not readily or initially apparent.
Specific experience with ESD problems is discussed.
VLSI Testing And Screening
Authors: Birolini A. 
Published: November 2020

Testing is necessary to verify that very large scale integration ICs (VLSI-ICs) conform to their specifications. This can grow from a more or less reduced incoming inspection test to a full qualification test consisting of a characterization, environmental tests, reliability tests, and failure analysis. The aim of a screening is to eliminate weak ICs that would cause early failures.
This article presents the possibilities and limits of testing and screening very large scale integration ICs (VLSI-ICs). Practical results are given, and the procedures for the qualification of these ICs are discussed. The concept of test strategy is introduced, and the question of the choice between 100 percent and sampling inspection test is answered.