bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny of Punctaria mageshimensis reveals evidence for its transfer to Spatoglossum as S. mageshimense (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi , Terada Ryuta , Hanyuda Takeaki 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYTaxonomy of the little‐studied brown algal species Punctaria mageshimensis (Ectocarpales s.l.) was reexamined by molecular phylogeny and morphology. In the genetic analyses of newly collected specimens using plastid rbcL and psaA gene sequences, the specimens morphologically referable to P. mageshimensis were phylogenetically distant from Ectocarpales s.l. and were included in the clade of Spatoglossum (Dictyotales). Morphological reexamination of the type specimen and newly collected specimens confirmed its systematic position in Dictyotales: Branched thallus; cushion‐shaped rhizoidal holdfast occasionally forming secondary holdfast at the bottom of the thallus; many discoidal plastids without pyrenoid per cell; tetrasporangium‐like reproductive structures with dark, homogeneous cell content; occurrence of hair tufts. Genetically P. mageshimensis was most related to a reported sequence of Spatoglossum asperum, but P. mageshimensis was considerably different from S. asperum as well as other known Spatoglossum species in the deep habitat and in having scarcely‐branched lanceolate and considerably thickened thallus. In conclusion, we propose the transfer of P. mageshimensis to Spatoglossum as S. mageshimense comb. nov.
Carbohydrate utilisation by tilapia: a meta‐analytical approach
Authors: Maas Roel M. , Verdegem Marc C.J. , Wiegertjes Geert F. , Schrama Johan W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCurrently, studies reporting the digestibility of carbohydrates, starch and especially non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) in fish are scarce. Carbohydrate digestibility in the diet is largely dependent upon carbohydrate composition (starch vs. NSP). NSP are often considered to be indigestible and thus of no nutritional value. The present study reviews carbohydrates in fish feed, distinguishing between total carbohydrate, starch and NSP. Besides a qualitative approach, a meta‐analysis was performed, compiling available data from digestibility studies on tilapia. Our meta‐analysis confirms the negative effect of NSP on performance (FCR) and nutrient digestibility (crude protein, fat and energy). However, an average NSP digestibility of 24.3% was calculated in 95 cases. Out of these 95 cases, 88% of them showed a positive NSP digestibility. NSP digestibility was shown to contribute to energy digestibility. The digestion of NSP in fish is associated with fermentation in the gut, producing beneficial volatile fatty acids that are rapidly absorbed by the colonic lumen. Therefore, in diet formulation, digestibility and thus energy originating from NSP should be taken into consideration because NSP contribute to the energy needs of fish, here tilapia. Besides being an energy source, specific types of NSP may have immune‐modulating and prebiotic effects and may be increasingly added to fish feed as modulators of fish health. We suggest that NSP is potentially (partly) digested by a wide range of fish species, especially by warm‐water species with a long gut adapted to feeding on plant matter, as these factors favour gut fermentation.
Is ‘City Branding’ Worth Re‐Visiting?
Authors: Kavaratzis Mihalis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis commentary attempts to briefly but critically discuss some of the potential factors that have made the 2005 article 'City Branding: An effective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick?' a well‐known and extensively cited article in the field of place branding. It includes an account of the major sources of inspiration and the main intentions of the article, as well as a necessarily personal reflection on its shortcomings.
Cartographic reconstruction of building footprints from historical maps: A study on the Swiss Siegfried map
Authors: Heitzler Magnus , Hurni Lorenz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtracting features from printed maps has been a challenge for decades; historical maps pose an even larger problem due to manual, inconsistent drawing or scribing, low printing quality, and geometrical distortions. In this article, a new workflow is introduced, consisting of a segmentation step and a vectorization step to acquire high‐quality polygon representations of building footprints from the Siegfried map series. For segmentation, an ensemble of U‐Nets is trained, yielding pixel‐based predictions with an average intersection over union of 88.2% and an average precision of 98.55%. For vectorization, methods based on contour tracing and orientation‐based clustering are proposed to approximate idealized polygonal representations. The workflow has been tested on 10 randomly selected map sheets from the Siegfried map, showing that the time required to manually correct these polygons drops to about 45 min per map sheet. Of this sample, approximately 10% of buildings required manual corrections. This workflow can serve as a blueprint for similar vectorization efforts.
Export diversification, margins and economic growth at industrial level: Evidence from Thailand
Authors: Jongwanich Juthathip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between export diversification, export margins and economic growth at the industry level using Thailand as a case study during 2002–16. Our results show that the effects of export diversification and margins on economic growth vary across industries. Export diversification helps boost growth only in some sectors, including electronics, automotive and chemicals, plastic and rubber, while in the processed food, and textiles and apparel industries, specialisation matters more in promoting growth. In almost all industries, a non‐linear relationship between diversification and economic growth is not revealed, except in textiles and apparel. The diversification is crucial in enhancing the impact of exports on growth only in the processed food and textiles and apparel industries. Expansion of intensive margins plays an important role in boosting growth in key industries within Thailand. The role of extensive margins, both in terms of new products and new market destinations, in promoting economic growth is limited. For extensive margins (new products), it is found to be significant in boosting economic growth only in processed food and textiles and apparel, while in the case of extensive margins (new market destinations), its significance in boosting growth is revealed only in the electronics sector.
Modeling and Analysis of a Planar Soft Panel Continuum Mechanism
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Xi Fengfeng , Tian Yingzhong , Zhao Yinjun , Li Yuwen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Continuum mechanisms have drawn wide attention to scholars due to their salient advantages including compliance and dexterity. In this paper, a planar continuum mechanism made of soft panels is proposed. This mechanism has a reduced degree-of-freedom (DOF) compared with some existing continuum mechanisms capable of 3D motion. However, it can meet some application requirements in the field of robot and aerospace due to its characteristics of small stiffness in the motion plane and large stiffness perpendicular to the motion plane. Besides, a combined kinematics and statics modeling approach is presented for this mechanism by using the classical beam theory and a constrained optimization method. In order to ensure the model accuracy, a hybrid approach is proposed to consider gravity depending on the deformation under study. By comparing our results with those from the commonly used constant-curvature method, it is shown that our model is more accurate in predicting the deformation shapes.
Workspace Analysis and Optimal Design of a Translational Cable-Driven Parallel Robot With Passive Springs
Authors: Zhang Zhaokun , Shao Zhufeng , Peng Fazhong , Li Haisheng , Wang Liping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) have great prospects for high-speed applications because of their nature of low inertia and good dynamics. Existing high-speed CDPRs mainly adopt redundant cables to keep positive cable tensions. Redundant cables lead to complex and costly structure, and are likely to cause interference. In this study, a non-redundant CDPR for high-speed translational motions is designed with passive springs and parallel cables. First, the configuration of the CDPR is illustrated, and its kinematics and dynamics are studied. Then, the workspace of the CDPR is discussed in detail. The condition of positive cable tensions is proved. The influence of the springs’ layout on the workspace is analyzed. A method for determining the regular cylindrical operation workspace is proposed. Furthermore, the optimal design method for high-speed CDPRs with passive springs is developed. Performance indices for evaluating the force transmission are defined based on the matrix orthogonal degree. The geometric parameters are optimized based on the workspace and force transmission indices. The stiffness coefficient of the spring is determined based on the acceleration and cable tension requirements. Finally, the proposed CDPR and the traditional CDPR with redundant cables are compared through simulation. The results show that the designed CDPR possesses advantages in energy consumption and simple structure compared to CDPR with redundant cables.
Screw Theory-Based Motion/Force Transmissibility Analysis of High-Speed Parallel Robots With Articulated Platforms
Authors: Meng Qizhi , Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun , Takeda Yukio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Motion/force transmissibility is an essential property reflecting the kinematic performance of parallel robots. Research on this performance of the single-platform parallel robots (SPPRs) has long been concerned and studied. In contrast, although many innovations and applications of the high-speed articulated-platform parallel robots (APPRs) have been presented, few studies on their motion/force transmissibility have been reported. This paper deals with the motion/force transmissibility analysis of high-speed parallel robots with articulated platforms. A modified output transmission index (MOTI) for the high-speed parallel robots with articulated platforms is proposed based on a newly defined concept of equivalent transmission wrench screw. Furthermore, by having an insight into the instantaneous relative motion inside the mobile platform, a medial transmission index (MTI) is proposed to evaluate its internal motion/force transmissibility. Based on these foundations, the local transmission index (LTI) is redefined as the minimum value of the input, modified output, and medial transmission indices. Under the framework of the above performance indices, motion/force transmissibility analysis of two typical high-speed articulated-platform parallel robots, i.e., Heli4 and Par4, are presented. The proposed indices are excepted to be applied to the optimal design of high-speed parallel robots with articulated platforms.
Optimization of Slots-Groove Coupled Casing Treatment for an Axial Transonic Compressor
Authors: Zhu Guoming , Yang Bo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A multi-objective optimization of a coupled casing treatment (CCT) for an axial transonic compressor is performed in this study. The coupled casing treatment is the basis axial slots with a circumferential groove located at various positions along the slots. During the optimization stage, five important parameters to control the geometry are used as the optimal variables. The stall margin and the peak efficiency are selected as the optimal objectives. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II coupled with radial basis function (RBF) approximation is used to search for Pareto-optimal solutions. Then, four optimal configurations are selected from Pareto-front for further analysis. As shown in the simulation results with and without the coupled casing treatments, the leakage flow is reenergized and the blocking region near the blade leading edge at rotor tip is decreased by the use of these structures under the low flowrate condition, which is the main reason for stability enhancement. Besides, a coupled casing treatment with the groove settled near the end of the basis slots have the potential to generate more injection flow and extend the operating range of compressor further.
Microbial life in the nascent Chicxulub crater
Authors: Schaefer Bettina , Grice Kliti , Coolen Marco J.L. , Summons Roger E. , Cui Xingqian , Bauersachs Thorsten , Schwark Lorenz , Böttcher Michael E. , Bralower Timothy J. , Lyons Shelby L. , Freeman Katherine H. , Cockell Charles S. , Gulick Sean P.S. , Morgan Joanna V. , Whalen Michael T. , Lowery Christopher M. , Vajda Vivi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Chicxulub crater was formed by an asteroid impact at ca. 66 Ma. The impact is considered to have contributed to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction and reduced productivity in the world’s oceans due to a transient cessation of photosynthesis. Here, biomarker profiles extracted from crater core material reveal exceptional insights into the post-impact upheaval and rapid recovery of microbial life. In the immediate hours to days after the impact, ocean resurge flooded the crater and a subsequent tsunami delivered debris from the surrounding carbonate ramp. Deposited material, including biomarkers diagnostic for land plants, cyanobacteria, and photosynthetic sulfur bacteria, appears to have been mobilized by wave energy from coastal microbial mats. As that energy subsided, days to months later, blooms of unicellular cyanobacteria were fueled by terrigenous nutrients. Approximately 200 k.y. later, the nutrient supply waned and the basin returned to oligotrophic conditions, as evident from N2-fixing cyanobacteria biomarkers. At 1 m.y. after impact, the abundance of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria supported the development of water-column photic zone euxinia within the crater.
Fading magnetic anomalies, thermal structure and earthquakes in the Japan Trench
Authors: Choe Hanjin , Dyment Jerome 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Early magnetic studies of the Japan Trench showed that seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies progressively fade away and disappear during subduction, reflecting the increasing distance to magnetized sources and the removal of their remanent magnetization with alteration and increasing temperature. An improved magnetic anomaly map derived from both scalar and vector magnetic anomaly data, coupled with a better knowledge of the slab geometry in one hand, of the magnetic structure of the oceanic crust on the other hand, allow us to constrain the thermal structure of the subducting slab. We, for the first time, identify two steps in the anomaly disappearance: first the magnetization of extrusive basalt is rapidly erased between 9 and 12 km, where titanomagnetite reaches its blocking temperature between 150 °C and 350 °C, then the magnetization of deeper crustal layers slowly decreases down to ∼20 km, reflecting the progressive slab heating toward the Curie temperature of magnetite, 580 °C. The resulting slab temperatures are higher than predicted by most thermal models. Recent observations and models suggest rejuvenated hydrothermal activity triggered by lithospheric flexure before subduction that may significantly heat up the subducting oceanic crust through thermal blanketing and possibly serpentinization, with consequences on the depth of the seismogenic zone.
Influence of gastrectomy for gastric cancer treatment on faecal microbiome and metabolome profiles
Authors: Erawijantari Pande Putu , Mizutani Sayaka , Shiroma Hirotsugu , Shiba Satoshi , Nakajima Takeshi , Sakamoto Taku , Saito Yutaka , Fukuda Shinji , Yachida Shinichi , Yamada Takuji 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveRecent evidence points to the gut microbiome’s involvement in postoperative outcomes, including after gastrectomy. Here, we investigated the influence of gastrectomy for gastric cancer on the gut microbiome and metabolome, and how it related to postgastrectomy conditions.DesignWe performed shotgun metagenomics sequencing and capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analyses on faecal samples collected from participants with a history of gastrectomy for gastric cancer (n=50) and compared them with control participants (n=56).ResultsThe gut microbiota in the gastrectomy group showed higher species diversity and richness (p<0.05), together with greater abundance of aerobes, facultative anaerobes and oral microbes. Moreover, bile acids such as genotoxic deoxycholic acid and branched-chain amino acids were differentially abundant between the two groups (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe): p<0.05, q<0.1, LDA>2.0), as were also Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes modules involved in nutrient transport and organic compounds biosynthesis (LEfSe: p<0.05, q<0.1, LDA>2.0).ConclusionOur results reveal alterations of gut microbiota after gastrectomy, suggesting its association with postoperative comorbidities. The multi-omic approach applied in this study could complement the follow-up of patients after gastrectomy.
Non-axisymmetric elastohydrodynamic solid-liquid-solid dewetting: Experiments and numerical modelling
Authors: Chudak Maciej , Kwaks Jesse S. , Snoeijer Jacco H. , Darhuber Anton A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract.
We have studied the dewetting dynamics of partially wetting liquid films confined between a soft elastic hemisphere and an elastomer layer by means of systematic experiments. We focused on the experimentally most relevant case of non-axisymmetric dewetting, which initiated at the locations of minimum film thickness near the perimeter of the contact area. We found the contact line speed to be highly anisotropic in this case. It is significantly faster in the azimuthal direction along the perimeter of the contact spot than in the radially inwards direction. We developed a three-dimensional, fully coupled numerical model that reproduces many features observed in the experiments.

Graphical abstract
A compartmentalized mathematical model of mouse atrial myocytes
Authors: Asfaw Tesfaye Negash , Tyan Leonid , Glukhov Alexey V. , Bondarenko Vladimir E. 
Published: January 2020

Various experimental mouse models are extensively used to research human diseases, including atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac rhythm disorder. Despite this, there are no comprehensive mathematical models that describe the complex behavior of the action potential and [Ca2+]i transients in mouse atrial myocytes. Here, we develop a novel compartmentalized mathematical model of mouse atrial myocytes that combines the action potential, [Ca2+]i dynamics, and β-adrenergic signaling cascade for a subpopulation of right atrial myocytes with developed transverse-axial tubule system. The model consists of three compartments related to β-adrenergic signaling (caveolae, extracaveolae, and cytosol) and employs local control of Ca2+ release. It also simulates ionic mechanisms of action potential generation and describes atrial-specific Ca2+ handling as well as frequency dependences of the action potential and [Ca2+]i transients. The model showed that the T-type Ca2+ current significantly affects the later stage of the action potential, with little effect on [Ca2+]i transients. The block of the small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current leads to a prolongation of the action potential at high intracellular Ca2+. Simulation results obtained from the atrial model cells were compared with those from ventricular myocytes. The developed model represents a useful tool to study complex electrical properties in the mouse atria and could be applied to enhance the understanding of atrial physiology and arrhythmogenesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A new compartmentalized mathematical model of mouse right atrial myocytes was developed. The model simulated action potential and Ca2+ dynamics at baseline and after stimulation of the β-adrenergic signaling system. Simulations showed that the T-type Ca2+ current markedly prolonged the later stage of atrial action potential repolarization, with a minor effect on [Ca2+]i transients. The small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current block resulted in prolongation of the action potential only at the relatively high intracellular Ca2+.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and the Risk of First Stroke in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Liu Lishun , Liu Chengzhang , Zhang Yan , Yang Ying , Qin Xianhui , Li Jianping , Cao Jingjing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhou Ziyi , Xu Xiping , Huo Yong 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
This study aimed to investigate the association between mean carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the risk of first stroke and examine any possible effect modifiers in patients with hypertension.

Methods—
A total of 11 547 hypertensive participants without history of stroke from the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial) were included in this analysis. The primary outcome was first stroke.

Results—

Over a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 726 first strokes were identified, of which 631 were ischemic, and 90 were hemorrhagic. A per SD increase in mean cIMT was positively associated with the risk of first stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.03–1.20]), and first ischemic stroke (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.01–1.20]). Moreover, when cIMT was categorized in quartiles, the higher risks of first stroke (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.06–1.61]) and first hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.11–4.58]) were found in participants in quartile 2 to 4 (≥0.66 mm), compared with those in quartile 1 (<0.66 mm). More importantly, the cIMT-first stroke association was significantly stronger in participants with higher mean arterial pressure (≥109.3 [quintile 5] versus <109.3 mm Hg,
P
-interaction=0.024) or diastolic blood pressure levels (≥90.7 [quintile 5] versus <90.7 mm Hg,
P
-interaction=0.009).

Conclusions—
There was a significant positive association between baseline cIMT and the risk of first stroke in patients with hypertension. This association was even stronger among those with higher mean arterial pressure or diastolic blood pressure levels.