bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology and Clinical Impact of Interictal Periodic Discharges on the Routine Outpatient Scalp EEG
Authors: Carneiro Fábio , Bentes Carla , Peralta Ana Rita 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
Periodic discharges (PDs) are common in acute structural or metabolic brain lesions, but their occurrence during follow-up of epileptic patients in an outpatient setting is rare. Aim of this article was to study whether PDs on the routine outpatient scalp EEG of patients with epilepsy, as compared with nonperiodic epileptiform discharges, are associated with drug refractoriness and the decompensation of epilepsy and particular etiologies.

Methods:
A retrospective case–control study. EEG reports were screened for PDs and their variants. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a diagnosis of epilepsy, epileptogenic lesion on imaging, or a normal 3-T MRI. Inpatient EEGs or EEGs performed in patients with acute cerebral lesions were excluded. Age- and sex-matched controls presenting with other epileptiform EEG abnormalities were selected, and similar selection criteria were applied.

Results:
Forty-one patients with PDs and 82 controls were selected. There were no significant differences between the cases and controls in the rates of epilepsy decompensation at the time of EEG collection or drug refractoriness. Stroke, hippocampal sclerosis, and malformations of cortical development were the most frequent etiologies, without significant differences between the groups.

Conclusions:
By performing a case–control study, the authors have shown that PDs are not a marker of epilepsy decompensation and drug refractoriness and that the finding of PDs is not suggestive of particular epilepsy etiologies, when compared with other epileptiform abnormalities.
The magnetorotational instability prefers three dimensions
Authors: Oishi Jeffrey S. , Vasil Geoffrey M. , Baxter Morgan , Swan Andrew , Burns Keaton J. , Lecoanet Daniel , Brown Benjamin P. 
Published: January 2020

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) occurs when a weak magnetic field destabilizes a rotating, electrically conducting fluid with inwardly increasing angular velocity. The MRI is essential to astrophysical disc theory where the shear is typically Keplerian. Internal shear layers in stars may also be MRI-unstable, and they take a wide range of profiles, including near-critical. We show that the fastest growing modes of an ideal magnetofluid are three-dimensional provided the shear rate,
S
, is near the two-dimensional onset value,
S

c

. For a Keplerian shear, three-dimensional modes are unstable above
S
≈ 0.10
S

c

, and dominate the two-dimensional modes until
S
≈ 2.05
S

c

. These three-dimensional modes dominate for shear profiles relevant to stars and at magnetic Prandtl numbers relevant to liquid-metal laboratory experiments. Significant numbers of rapidly growing three-dimensional modes remainy well past 2.05
S

c

. These finding are significant in three ways. First, weakly nonlinear theory suggests that the MRI saturates by pushing the shear rate to its critical value. This can happen for systems, such as stars and laboratory experiments, that can rearrange their angular velocity profiles. Second, the non-normal character and large transient growth of MRI modes should be important whenever three-dimensionality exists. Finally, three-dimensional growth suggests direct dynamo action driven from the linear instability.
TCF-1 regulates the stem-like memory potential of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in elite controllers
Authors: Rutishauser Rachel L. , Deguit Christian Deo T. , Hiatt Joseph , Blaeschke Franziska , Roth Theodore L. , Wang Lynn , Raymond Kyle , Starke Carly E. , Mudd Joseph C. , Chen Wenxuan , Smullin Carolyn , Matus-Nicodemos Rodrigo , Hoh Rebecca , Krone Melissa , Hecht Frederick M. , Pilcher Christopher D. , Martin Jeffrey N. , Koup Richard A. , Douek Daniel C. , Brenchley Jason M. , Sékaly Rafick-Pierre , Pillai Satish K. , Marson Alexander , Deeks Steven G. , McCune Joseph M. , Hunt Peter W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough many HIV cure strategies seek to expand HIV-specific CD8+ T cells to control the virus, all are likely to fail if cellular exhaustion is not prevented. A loss in stem-like memory properties (i.e., the ability to proliferate and generate secondary effector cells) is a key feature of exhaustion; little is known, however, about how these properties are regulated in human virus-specific CD8+ T cells. We found that virus-specific CD8+ T cells from humans and non-human primates naturally controlling HIV/SIV infection express more of the transcription factor, TCF-1, than non-controllers. HIV-specific CD8+ T cell TCF-1 expression correlated with memory marker expression and proliferative capacity and declined with antigenic stimulation. CRISPR-Cas9 editing of TCF-1 in human primary T cells demonstrated a direct role in regulating expansion capacity. Collectively, these data suggest that TCF-1 controls the stem-like memory properties of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and provides a rationale for enhancing this pathway in T cell-based therapeutic strategies for HIV.One Sentence SummaryTCF-1 is highly expressed in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from elite controllers and directly regulates human CD8+ T cell expansion capacity in response to T cell receptor stimulation.
Undergraduate accounting students’ perception of a course in accounting research and theory
Authors: Baker Ron , Wick Sara 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to measure the response of undergraduate accounting students to a stand-alone course in accounting theory and research. The aim of the study was to gauge students’ perceptions of the usefulness of this course and to determine if exposure to this material would increase student interest in accounting research and in pursuing a career in academia.Design/methodology/approachThree cohorts of students enrolled in the course completed an in-class survey. The study was conducted from 2015 to 2017.FindingsThe results of the survey show that student interest in accounting research and theory increased substantially as a result of the course. Students felt that learning about accounting research and the theories used in accounting research enhanced their overall understanding of accounting and would be useful to them as accounting practitioners. This study also reports that students interested in pursuing a PhD and/or an academic career also increased.Research limitations/implicationsData were only collected at a single university and represent student perceptions only.Practical implicationsThe results of this study and the description of the course design will inform academics seeking to answer the American Accounting Association Pathways Commission’s call to integrate accounting research and education. This study also suggests a pathway towards addressing the chronic academic accounting faculty shortage. Finally, the results will be of interest to those designing undergraduate accounting curriculum.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on the “teaching-research nexus” in accounting by providing evidence, from the perspective of undergraduate accounting students, of the usefulness of integrating research into undergraduate accounting education. While many accounting researchers view accounting research and teaching accounting as separate activities, the response from students suggests that there is value in fostering a more complementary relationship between these two activities.
Weave coding into K-5 curricula as new literacies
Authors: Jin Yi , Zha Shenghua 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to posit that coding should be considered as a critical part of new literacies. Teacher educators should first adopt the new literacies perspective, and then prepare pre-service teachers to teach both traditional literacy and new literacies skills, especially preparing them how to weave coding into K-5 literacy curricula to cultivate younger learners’ new ways of expressions and computational thinking skills. To facilitate this educational transformation, low-cost Web 2.0 tools and apps were introduced as one practical approach, along with some literacy lesson ideas to help teacher educators and pre-service teachers begin to integrate coding into the K-5 literacy curricula.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a viewpoint paper.FindingsA table of low-cost Web 2.0 tools was presented with sample lesson ideas.Originality/valueMore than ever, coding breaks the traditional definition of literacy as paper-based reading and writing. It empowers students to read, write and create with multimodality on multiple platforms. Weaving coding into the literacy curricula offers the window to promote both computational thinking and new literacies skills. Teacher educators, among all other stakeholders, should begin the efforts to prepare pre-service teachers to weave coding into the literacy curricula and other content areas in the teacher educations programs now.
Lean Startup, Agile Methodologies and Customer Development for business model innovation
Authors: Silva Diego Souza , Ghezzi Antonio , Aguiar Rafael Barbosa de , Cortimiglia Marcelo Nogueira , ten Caten Carla Schwengber 
Published: January 2020

PurposeStartups have attracted increased attention over the past years. While entrepreneurs develop startups to capture new business opportunities, also large companies are turning to these fast-growing organizations in efforts to become more agile. However, managing business model innovation and validation is challenging. A number of methodologies, like the Lean Startup (LS), emerged to reduce uncertainties concerning innovation-based projects, and to contribute to business model validation. Despite its popularity, the literature on the LS and its key underpinnings (Agile Methodologies and Customer Development) is sparse, lacking an integrated and structured analysis of their impacts and potentialities. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review on the topic fully analyzing a final set of 71 papers.FindingsThere is a turning point in the research stream’s maturity with publications in conferences and major journals, with the predominance of empirical investigations in the European region. Articles on the topic are on the rise in several technology fields. However, the literature on the subject falls short on providing guidance to assist practitioners and scholars on the adoption and investigation of these methodologies.Practical implicationsThe paper provides guidance for practice by presenting a staircase roadmap for the LS implementation drawing from the final set of papers reviewed.Originality/valueThe study categorizes the current literature through a concept map, and offers a structured research agenda beyond the categories from the thematic analysis.
The effects of accounting conservatism on executive compensation
Authors: Li Hui , Henry Darren , Wu Xiaohui 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify means of better associating executive remuneration with managerial decision making and firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors evaluate the influence of conditional accounting conservatism on CEO compensation. The authors focus particularly on theex antepay-for-performance sensitivity (PPS) of CEO stock option grants. The empirical method used is panel data regression.FindingsThe authors find that accounting conservatism is positively related to the PPS of CEO option-based compensation. The effects of accounting conservatism on the PPS of options are more significant for firms with relatively weaker corporate governance and for the period before the introduction of FAS 123R. The findings suggest that directors reward CEOs for adopting accounting conservatism, both in general terms and incrementally, and that rewards are channelled through incentive-linked compensation. The results are also consistent with the view that accounting conservatism compliments other mechanisms, such as corporate governance, in reducing information asymmetry and agency problems between managers and shareholders and other stakeholders.Originality/valueThis paper provides a number of important contributions to the literature. It is the first to identify a relationship between accounting conservatism and option-based CEO compensation, which has important potential contracting and enforcement implications due to the incomplete nature of option contracts and the reward and risk attributes of CEOs. This paper is also the first to analyse the association between conditional accounting conservatism and CEO compensation at the firm–year level, by employing the firm–year conservatism score approach proposed by Khan and Watts (2009). This provides for greater insight regarding the interaction between accounting conservatism and other firm-specific elements than is otherwise obtainable from an overall firm or year interpretations derived from the traditional Basu (1997) asymmetric timeliness model approach. Furthermore, this paper also provides a comparison of the relative association of accounting conservatism on both explicit and implicit forms of CEO compensation for the same firm sample. This allows for the assessment of whether accounting conservatism relates differently to incentive-based CEO remuneration relative toex postCEO compensation outcomes.
Performance potential of gas foil journal bearings enhanced with micro taper-grooves on top foil
Authors: Feng Ming , Hu Hongyang , Ren Tianming 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
To improve the load capacity and stability of gas foil journal bearings (GFJB), this paper aims to propose a novel GFJB with taper-grooved top foil.

Design/methodology/approach
A modified bump stiffness model is established considering rounding and friction. By considering the variation of clearance in the circumferential and axial direction, the static and dynamic characteristics of the novel bearing are calculated using the finite difference method, and perturbation method, respectively. The bearing performance under different groove parameters is studied and compared to the traditional bearings.

Findings
The results show that this novel GFJB can bring multi-extra local dynamic pressure and decrease the gas end leakage, which improves the static and dynamic properties. Moreover, as the increment of groove depth, the load capacity and direct stiffness are reinforced. There is an optimal groove width to maximize the load capacity, and the taper-groove is more beneficial to the improvement of bearing performance than other groove shapes. For the novel GFJB (Ng = 6, Hg = 10µm), the load capacity and direct stiffness increase by about 6.67 and 13.5 per cent, respectively. The stability threshold speed (STS) of a rotor supported by the novel bearings is also increased.

Originality/value
The performance of the presented novel GFJB is enhanced immensely compared to the traditional bearings, and the results are expected to be helpful to bearing designers, researchers and academicians concerned.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2019-0307.
Algorithm applied: attracting MSEs to business associations
Authors: Moraes Jaqueline de , Schaefer Jones Luís , Schreiber Jacques Nelson Corleta , Thomas Johanna Dreher , Nara Elpidio Oscar Benitez 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a structured model based on a data mining algorithm that can calculate, based on business association (BA) attributes, the probability of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) becoming a new member of a BA. Another goal is the probability of a BA attracting new members.

Design/methodology/approach
As a methodological procedure, the authors used the Naive Bayes data mining algorithm. The collected data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively and then used to define the model, which was tested randomly, while allowing for the possibility of future validation.

Findings
The findings suggest a structured model based on a data mining algorithm. The model can certainly be used as a management tool for BAs concentrating their efforts on those businesses that are certainly potential new recruits. Further, for an MSE, it serves as a means of evaluating a BA, indicating the possible advantages in becoming a member of a particular association.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is not intended to be generalized, considering that it only analyzes the BAs of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In this way, when applying this model to other situations, the attributes listed here can be revised and even modified to adapt to the situation in focus.

Practical implications
The use of the proposed model will make it possible to optimize the time of BA managers. It also gives MSE greater reliability in choosing BA.

Social implications
Using this model will provide better decision-making and better targeting, thus benefiting both the BAs and the MSEs, which can improve their management and keep jobs.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature because it is the first to connect BAs, MSEs and Naive Bayes. Also, this study helps in better management for BA managers in their daily activities and provides a better choice of BA for MSE managers. Also, this study contextualizes BAs, MSEs and data mining in an objective way.
Mathematical modelling of a shariah-compliant capital asset pricing model
Authors: Hazny Mohamad Hafiz , Mohamad Hasim Haslifah , Yusof Aida Yuzy 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is the most widely used asset pricing model that measures risk–return relationship. The CAPM is based on Markowitz’s mean variance analysis. The advancement of Islamic finance leads to the question whether or not the practice of modern investment theories and analyses such as the Markowitz’s mean variance analysis and CAPM are in accordance to shariah and could be used in pricing Islamic financial assets. Therefore, this paper aims to present a review of the CAPM and to discourse the set of assumptions underlying the model in terms of shariah compliance.

Design/methodology/approach
Although most of the assumptions are not contradictory to shariah principles, there are Islamic variables such as prohibition of short selling, purification and zakat that should be taken into consideration when pricing Islamic financial assets. We then develop a mathematical model which is a modification of the traditional CAPM that incorporates principles of Islamic finance and integrating zakat, purification of return and exclusion of short sales.

Findings
As a proof-of-concept, this paper presents the results of an empirical study on the proposed shariah-compliant CAPM in comparison to the traditional CAPM. The results show that the proposed Islamic CAPM is appropriate and applicable in examining the relationship between risk and return in the Islamic stock market.

Originality/value
This study contributes to existing body of knowledge by presenting an algorithm and mathematical derivation of the shariah-compliant CAPM which has been lacking in the literature of Islamic finance. The paper offers a novel approach in pricing Islamic financial assets in accordance to shariah, advocated by modern investment theories of Markowitz’s mean variance analysis and CAPM.
MurabahaandMusharakah Moutanaquissahpricing: an interest-free approach
Authors: Ahroum Rida , Touri Othmane , Achchab Boujemâa 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to provide an interest-free valuation methodology forMurabahaandMusharakah Moutanaquissahcontracts. Indeed, In Islamic finance, Murabaha contracts are widely negotiated. Their yield depends mainly on the contracted profit margin. In the current practices, this latter is based on a reference interest rate, which is highly criticized in Islamic literature, just likeMusharakah Moutanaquissahcontracts. In this perspective, authors suggest a new valuation methodology with parameters related to the real economy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply an indirect method to determine a lower bound of the profit margin of aMurabahacontract. ConsideringMusharakah Moutanaquissahas an equivalent contract, the new valuation methodology is based on participation and focuses on parameters from the real economy: the market rent and the rate of return used for an equivalent project.FindingsThe results show that the pricing ofMusharakah Moutanaquissahcontracts could be based on several parameters linked to the real economy. Consequently, an implied value of the profit margin could be computed. Also, the interest rate is no longer implicated in the pricing of neitherMurabahanorMusharakah Moutanaquissahcontracts.Research limitations/implicationsThe valuation methodology is applicable only if the underlying asset’s financing can be made withMurabahaandMusharakah Moutanaquissahcontracts.Practical implicationsThis work will restore the link between Islamic contracts and the real economy. For Islamic banks in particular, the suggested model would reduce the exposure to reputational risk and enhance the compliance to theSharia(Islamic Law).Originality/valueSeveral studies have analyzed the dependence between Islamic contracts and interest rates. In general, these studies confirm this dependence and few of them have suggested alternatives. Thus, the authors contribute to the literature by providing a practical and applicable model to detach the valuation ofMurabahaandMusharakah Moutanaquissahfrom the interest rate.
International capital movement towards the Spanish real estate sector
Authors: Zhenyu Su , Taltavull Paloma 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants that affect international capital flows (ICF) toward the Spanish real estate market over the period 1995 first quarter to 2017 fourth quarter.Design/methodology/approachVECM methodology is used to analyze time series and panel methods using pooled EGLS regression.FindingsVECM parameter results for construction and real estate activities sectors, quickly suggesting a stable performance of capital flows toward Spanish real estate sector that the short-term fluctuation of foreign investment results contributes to the long-term equilibrium relatively soon. By applying the Monetary theory of Johnson, the model identifies a relevant role of M3 explaining capital flows to real estate, together with the lagged variables of construction and real estate activities capital flows, Spanish real interest rate and Spain’s economic growth rate; they are the significant determinants on capital movement to Spanish real estate sector. Interestingly, Spanish housing prices as an exogenous variable, directly, significantly and negatively affect real estate capital flows in all cases as a way to capture the assets price bubble.Practical implicationsFindings highlight reasons affecting capital flows to real estate and construction activities to Spanish sectors which allow capital Funds to take into account those drivers in their investment decisions.Originality/valueThis paper is the first attempt to analyze the determinants of ICF to Spanish real estate market; it has a significant meaning for both Spanish economy and international investors.