bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transoral Versus Endoscopic Examination in Predicting Outcomes of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Lee Clara H. , Mulholland Graeme B. , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine the correlation between transoral and awake endoscopic examination and investigate their respective ability to predict outcomes of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study at a US medical center.MethodsSubjects were adults with apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) >15 events/hr who underwent HGNS according to standard indications. Eligible subjects had diagnostic preoperative sleep studies, full‐night efficacy postoperative studies, as well as postoperative video recordings of transoral examination and awake endoscopy. Recordings were independently scored by two blinded reviewers. Cohen's κ coefficient, Student t test, and χ2 analyses were performed.ResultsFifty‐seven patients met all inclusion criteria. On average, patients were Caucasian, middle aged, and overweight. The mean preoperative AHI was 36.7 events/hr, which improved significantly to 18.3 events/hr following HGNS (P < .01). Overall, the response rate (defined as AHI reduction >50% and AHI < 20 events/hr) was 49%. There was slight correlation between transoral tongue protrusion and endoscopic tongue base movement (κ = 0.10). On transoral examination, patients with minimal/moderate tongue motion achieved a greater mean AHI reduction than patients with full motion (26.0 ± 18.0 vs. 12.8 ± 24.1, P = .02). In contrast, on awake endoscopy, patients with minimal/moderate tongue motion achieved a lesser mean AHI reduction than patients with full motion (8.7 ± 19.9 vs. 22.1 ± 22.7, P = .04).ConclusionsTransoral tongue protrusion bears an inverse relationship to HGNS success and correlates poorly with endoscopic tongue base movement. Endoscopic tongue base motion appears reflective of response to HGNS, with greater motion corresponding to greater AHI reduction.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:675–679, 2021
Recommendations for surgical management of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chow Velda Ling Yu , Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Wong Stanley Thian Sze , Wei William Ignace 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma is endemic in southern parts of China including Hong Kong. Primary treatment entails radiotherapy ± chemotherapy depending on disease stage at presentation. Surgery is offered as a means of salvage for persistent and recurrent disease. Comprehensive preoperative work‐up, careful patient selection, attention to details perioperation and multidisciplinary approach is essential in ensuring optimal outcomes after salvage surgery for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Since the COVID‐19 outbreak, we are faced with unprecedented challenges with priorities of care and resources being shifted to combat the virus. These include patient selection and timing of treatment, while preventing disease transmission to heath care providers. Practices and recommendations made in this document are intended to support safe clinical practice and efficient use of resources during this challenging time.
Deep zooplankton rely on small particles when particle fluxes are low
Authors: Romero‐Romero Sonia , Ka'apu‐Lyons Cassie A. , Umhau Blaire P. , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia R. , Hannides Cecelia C. S. , Close Hilary G. , Drazen Jeffrey C. , Popp Brian N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fate of organic matter (OM) in the deep ocean remains enigmatic, with little understood regarding the flux and its utilization by deep food webs. We used compound‐specific nitrogen stable isotope ratios of source amino acids measured in particle size classes and deep zooplankton (700–1500 m) to determine the contribution of small (0.7–53 μm) vs. large particles (> 53 μm) to their diet at four sites in the North Pacific. Our results show that small particles constitute between 9% and 98% of zooplankton diets, being the contribution higher at sites with lower flux regimes. The contribution of small particles to the diet of deep zooplankton was also higher when biomass of vertical migrators, and therefore actively transported OM, was lower. Climate‐driven changes in primary production and export are expected to shift particle fluxes to smaller size classes, and thus their importance in midwater food webs may become more widespread.
Rapid translation of clinical guidelines into executable knowledge: A case study of COVID‐19 and online demonstration
Authors: Fox John , Khan Omar , Curtis Hywel , Wright Andrew , Pal Carla , Cockburn Neil , Cooper Jennifer , Chandan Joht S. , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe report a pathfinder study of AI/knowledge engineering methods to rapidly formalise COVID‐19 guidelines into an executable model of decision making and care pathways. The knowledge source for the study was material published by BMJ Best Practice in March 2020.MethodsThe PROforma guideline modelling language and OpenClinical.net authoring and publishing platform were used to create a data model for care of COVID‐19 patients together with executable models of rules, decisions and plans that interpret patient data and give personalised care advice.ResultsPROforma and OpenClinical.net proved to be an effective combination for rapidly creating the COVID‐19 model; the Pathfinder 1 demonstrator is available for assessment at https://www.openclinical.net/index.php?id=746.ConclusionsThis is believed to be the first use of AI/knowledge engineering methods for disseminating best‐practice in COVID‐19 care. It demonstrates a novel and promising approach to the rapid translation of clinical guidelines into point of care services, and a foundation for rapid learning systems in many areas of healthcare.
Co‐occurrence of neurofibromatosis type 1 and optic nerve gliomas with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 2
Authors: Peces Ramón , Mena Rocío , Martín Yolanda , Hernández Concepción , Peces Carlos , Tellería Dolores , Cuesta Emilio , Selgas Rafael , Lapunzina Pablo , Nevado Julián 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are both autosomal dominant disorders with a high rate of novel mutations. However, the two disorders have distinct and well‐delineated genetic, biochemical, and clinical findings. Only a few cases of coexistence of ADPKD and NF1 in a single individual have been reported, but the possible implications of this association are unknown.MethodsWe report an ADPKD male belonging to a family of several affected members in three generations associated with NF1 and optic pathway gliomas. The clinical diagnosis of ADPKD and NF1 was performed by several image techniques.ResultsLinkage analysis of ADPKD family was consistent to the PKD2 locus by a nonsense mutation, yielding a truncated polycystin‐2 by means of next‐generation sequencing. The diagnosis of NF1 was confirmed by mutational analysis of this gene showing a 4‐bp deletion, resulting in a truncated neurofibromin, as well. The impact of this association was investigated by analyzing putative genetic interactions and by comparing the evolution of renal size and function in the proband with his older brother with ADPKD without NF1 and with ADPKD cohorts.ConclusionDespite the presence of both conditions there was not additive effect of NF1 and PKD2 in terms of the severity of tumor development and/or ADPKD progression.
Wood composites modified with waterborne hyperbranched polyacrylate dispersed organo‐montmorillonite emulsion and the permeability investigations by surface characterizations
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Xu Jianfeng , Long Ling , Liu Ru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel waterborne hyperbranched polyacrylate (HBPA) dispersed organo‐montmorillonite (OMMT) emulsion was synthesized in laboratory. The sapwood of Cathay poplar (Populus cathayana Rehd.) was modified with the emulsion via vacuum treatment for polymer impregnated wood composite with cross section sealing off. Some surface characterization was carried out to analyze the impregnation depth. The results showed that OMMT and HBPA successfully penetrated into the wood cell wall with completely exfoliated OMMT and formed a hydrophobic film covering on the inner surface of cell wall lumen, which improved the surface hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of wood cell wall. With increasing impregnation depth, the improvements decreased, which was associated with the limited impregnation ability of the modifiers only with the pathway of radial and tangential sections. Thus, for better modification, the cross section of the wood must be unobstructed.
Outcomes of prenatally diagnosed spontaneous chorioamniotic membrane separation in singleton pregnancies: A systematic review of case series and case reports
Authors: Zhu Katherine H. , Young Brett C. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Espinoza Jimmy , Sanz‐Cortes Magdalena , Donepudi Roopali , Modest Anna M. , Gerson Kristin D. , Belfort Michael A. , Nassr Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo provide an overview of perinatal outcomes in prenatally diagnosed spontaneous chorioamniotic separation (sCAS).MethodsA systematic search of the literature was performed from inception to July 2019, including PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Ovid EMBASE. All studies reporting prenatally diagnosed sCAS after 16 weeks' gestation in singleton pregnancies were eligible. Two independent reviewers used standardized forms for data abstraction.ResultsOf 408 screened abstracts, 17 studies reporting 118 cases of sCAS were included. Among 113 cases with delivery outcomes, preterm birth (PTB) occurred in 60 (53.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 43.9–62.3%). Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) occurred in seven (6.2%, 95% CI 1.8–10.6%) cases, with four due to cord strangulation. Spontaneous abortion occurred in one (0.88%, 95% CI –0.84–2.6%) case. Among 104 cases with postnatal follow‐up, there were six (5.8%, 95% CI 1.3–10.3%) neonatal deaths and one (0.96%, 95% CI –0.91–2.8%) infant death. Perinatal mortality (IUFD and neonatal deaths) was 11.0% (95% CI 5.4–16.7%).ConclusionssCAS may be associated with increased risk of PTB, however, the available data are largely case reports and series. Antepartum surveillance after viability can be considered due to risk of cord accidents. Prospective study is necessary to understand the clinical implications of sCAS.
Simultaneously enhanced impact strength and dielectric properties of an epoxy resin modified with EHTPB liquid rubber
Authors: Zhou Wenying , Li Xu , Cao Dan , Li Ying , Zhang Caihua , Li Zhen , Chen Fuxin , Li Ting , Cai Huiwu , Dang Zhi‐Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo simultaneously improve the impact strength and dielectric properties of cured epoxy (EP), herein we explore liquid rubber toughened EP based on a nonpolar epoxidized hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (EHTPB), where the rubber is covalently bonded to the EP. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance proved the chemical reaction between EHTPB and EP, which makes the immiscible EHTPB‐EP blend change to compatible one. The results indicate that both the impact strength and dielectric properties can be visibly enhanced with the addition of EHTPB and the maximum values are obtained at 10 phr of EHTPB loading. The improved mechanical toughness can be ascribed to the extensive shear yielding induced by the uniformly dispersed EHTPB domains and the enhanced interfacial compatibility between the two components. Moreover, the enhanced electrical resistivity and dielectric breakdown strength as well as the reduced dielectric constant and loss for the EHTPB‐EP can be attributed to the combination of the excellent insulating properties of HTPB and dielectrically favorable interfaces. Therefore, the EHTPB‐EP with a concurrent improvement in impact strength and dielectric properties can be used as promising insulating materials for high‐frequency microelectronics and high‐voltage electrical equipment.
Natural graphite reinforced fluoroelastomer composites: Morphological, mechanical, thermal, dielectric, and solvent transport studies
Authors: Moni Grace , Mayeen Anshida , George Soney C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluoroelastomer (FKM) composite embedded with natural graphite (NG) was prepared and its thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and solvent transport properties were explored as a function of NG loading. The morphology of the composites was done by AFM, SEM, and TEM analysis, and XRD provides the structural analysis. The composite with 20 phr of NG content showed the highest tensile properties and thermal stability and was supported by fracture surface SEM analysis. Enhancement in polymer‐filler interaction in the composite was further confirmed by the increase in Tg value obtained from DSC analysis. The dielectric permittivity value showed tremendous increment by 30 phr of NG addition with decreased dielectric loss. The resistance to solvent uptake with increase in NG loading by the formation of tortuous pathway is also a clear evidence for the exfoliation of the graphite flakes in the FKM matrix. Better inclusion of NG in FKM matrix efficiently enhanced the thermal, mechanical, dielectric and the transport properties of the composites.
Combination of Vancomycin or Daptomycin and Beta‐lactam Antibiotics: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kale‐Pradhan Pramodini B. , Giuliano Christopher , Jongekrijg Annelise , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction
Observational and randomized controlled trials of the combination of vancomycin or daptomycin with a beta‐lactam (BL) in patients with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia have shown conflicting results on patient outcomes.
Objectives
The primary purpose of this meta‐analysis was to compare clinical failure with the combination of vancomycin or daptomycin with a BL versus vancomycin or daptomycin monotherapy in MRSA bacteremia or endocarditis.
Methods
A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and meeting proceedings was conducted from inception through February 11, 2020, to identify relevant studies. The primary outcome was clinical failure and secondary outcomes were mortality, nephrotoxicity, and bacteremia. The meta‐analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta Analysis (version 3.0) with a random effects model. Outcomes were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
Nine studies of 1636 patients receiving vancomycin or daptomycin monotherapy versus the combination of vancomycin or daptomycin plus BL for MRSA bacteremia were included. Results showed combination therapy was associated with significantly lower clinical failure rates (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.39–0.79, I2 = 26.22%, p=0.001). Improvement in clinical failure was driven by lower rates of bacteremia relapse and persistence. However, no difference was seen with mortality.
Conclusions
Combination therapy with vancomycin or daptomycin plus BL for MRSA bacteremia showed lower clinical failure rates, however, no significant difference was seen in mortality.
Registration of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) sources of resistance to Hessian fly
Authors: Daba Sintayehu D. , Nemacheck Jill A. , Ohm Herbert W. , Bockelman Harold E. , Williams Christie E. , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHessian fly is among the major pests of wheat (Triticum spp.) around the world. We evaluated 18 tetraploid (4X) or durum accessions [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren], which were sourced from the USDA‐ARS National Small Grains Collection. Two of the most virulent strains of Hessian fly, vH9 and Biotype L, were used to assess the reaction of germplasm to larval attack. A susceptible hexaploid wheat accession (CItr 17790, also known as ‘Len’) and a resistant tetraploid wheat accession (PI 134942, which is a donor of resistance gene H33), were included as controls during the test. We confirmed previously reported resistant germplasm and identified two novel germplasm accessions that exhibited a clear resistance against vH9 and Biotype L infestation. The data showed that Trigo 87 (Reg. no. GP‐1046, PI 519832, a durum accession from Lebanon) and Iumillo (Reg. no. GP‐1047, PI 519716, a durum accession from India) are both resistant to vH9 infestation. In addition, Trigo 87 is also resistant to Biotype L infestation, while the resistance of Iumillo to Biotype L was inconclusive. These wheat lines can be used directly in durum breeding programs. Moreover, the resistance genes can be transferred to hexaploid wheat backgrounds for use especially in the eastern and southeastern United States, where few options for resistance are available.
Childhood rare lung disease in the 21st century: “‐omics” technology advances accelerating discovery
Authors: Vece Timothy J. , Wambach Jennifer A. , Hagood James S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChildhood rare lung diseases comprise a large number of heterogeneous respiratory disorders that are individually rare but are collectively associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource utilization. Although the genetic mechanisms for several of these disorders have been elucidated, the pathogenesis mechanisms for others remain poorly understood and treatment options remain limited. Childhood rare lung diseases are enriched for genetic etiologies; identification of the disease mechanisms underlying these rare disorders can inform the biology of normal human lung development and has implications for the treatment of more common respiratory diseases in children and adults. Advances in “‐omics” technology, such as genomic sequencing, clinical phenotyping, biomarker discovery, genome editing, in vitro and model organism disease modeling, single‐cell analyses, cellular imaging, and high‐throughput drug screening have enabled significant progress for diagnosis and treatment of rare childhood lung diseases. The most striking example of this progress has been realized for patients with cystic fibrosis for whom effective, personalized therapies based on CFTR genotype are now available. In this chapter, we focus on recent technology advances in childhood rare lung diseases, acknowledge persistent challenges, and identify promising new technologies that will impact not only biological discovery, but also improve diagnosis, therapies, and survival for children with these rare disorders.
Visuomotor reaction time and dynamic balance in children with cystic fibrosis and non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: A case‐control study
Authors: Dik Jan , Saglam Melda , Tekerlek Haluk , Vardar‐Yagli Naciye , Calik‐Kutukcu Ebru , Inal‐Ince Deniz , Arikan Hulya , Eryilmaz‐Polat Sanem , Dogru Deniz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveExtrapulmonary involvement such as balance and reaction time is unclear in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) and dynamic balance in children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis compared to healthy children.Design/MethodsDemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. All children were evaluated with pulmonary function test (PFT) using a spirometer, incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) for exercise capacity, Fitlight Trainer for VMRT, and functional reach test (FRT) for dynamic balance.ResultsFourteen children with CF (10.71 ± 2.94 years, 7 females), 17 children with non‐CF bronchiectasis (12.75 ± 2.81 years, 8 females), and 21 healthy children (11.36 ± 3.28 years, 11 females) were included. Children with CF had longer total VMRT (P = .027), poorer FRT performance (P = .001), and shorter ISWT distances (P = .03) compared to the children with non‐CF bronchiectasis and controls. Although total VMRT was longest in the CF group, there was no significant difference in mean VMRT among the CF, non‐CF bronchiectasis, and control groups (P > .05).ConclusionDynamic balance and VMRT show greater impairment in children with CF than in children with non‐CF bronchiectasis compared to healthy controls. Our findings suggest that VMRT and dynamic balance should be taken into consideration for assessments and exercise programs in pulmonary rehabilitation.
Assessment of selected larvicides for the control of Culex pipiens biotype pipiens and Culex pipiens biotype molestus under laboratory and semi‐field conditions
Authors: Rumbos Christos I , Athanassiou Christos G 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe insecticidal efficacy of selected mosquito larvicides [teflubenzuron, S‐methoprene, diflubenzuron, temephos, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)], applied alone or in combination, against two Culex pipiens biotypes, Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus, was compared under laboratory and semi‐field conditions. Registered larvicides were evaluated at the label dose, whereas those not registered for mosquito control were tested at the label dose per area, i.e. as plant protection products. Teflubenzuron and temephos were also evaluated at half the label dose, alone or in combination with a non‐ionic surfactant. Larval mortality and adult emergence were assessed after 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 16 and 20 days of exposure.RESULTSIn all cases, PDMS showed complete (100%) larval control after 3 days of exposure against both biotypes. With temephos, all larvae were dead after 1 day of exposure, even at half the label dose. For teflubenzuron, mortality reached 100% at the end of the bioassays and adult emergence was avoided completely, whereas for diflubenzuron, mortality was close to 100% at the end of the trials. By contrast, in S‐methoprene‐treated water, control was below the 90% mortality threshold for both biotypes. In semi‐field trails, in all treatments with Bti, all larvae of both biotypes were dead after 1 day of exposure.CONCLUSIONSBased on our data, and with the exception of S‐methoprene, the larvicides tested remained below the threshold for effective treatment against larvae of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus for the entire duration of the study. Most of the larvicides tested showed high levels of efficacy against Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus larvae in laboratory and semi‐field bioassays. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry