bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic injunctions against Internet intermediaries: An overview of emerging trends in India and Singapore
Authors: Dixit Pratik P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe courts generally resort to website blocking injunctions to protect the rights of the content creators from digital piracy. However, merely disabling access to infringing websites does not necessarily ensure protection of copyright as there are dynamic ways of accessing an online location. The courts, therefore, have sought to develop new mechanisms to counter the menace of digital piracy. Recently, the Delhi High Court granted India's first dynamic injunction against Internet intermediaries to combat digital piracy in cinematographic works. A dynamic injunction would allow a plaintiff to extend the main injunction order against mirror websites providing access to the flagrantly infringing online locations that were the subject of the main injunction. This note primarily aims to analyse the concept of dynamic injunctions. The author examines and compares the Indian position to that in Singapore to highlight the different trends that have emerged with respect to dynamic injunction. The principal conclusion is that, despite the near similarities of the dynamic injunctions issued by the courts in the two countries, the dynamic injunction issued by the Indian court seeks to effectively protect the rights of the website operators as it affords constant judicial supervision.
Bicameralism and Minority‐Party Influence on Legislative Development: Evidence from House Standing Committee Votes
Authors: Ryan Josh M. 
Published: December 2019

The ability of the minority party to influence legislation in Congress is debated. Most bills are passed with large bipartisan majorities, yet the House, where most legislation is developed, is seen as a majority‐party‐dominated institution. I develop a theory of House minority‐party influence at the committee markup stage as a result of the Senate’s institutional rules. An original data set of congressional committee votes shows that minority‐party support in House committees predicts House and Senate passage. During unified party control of the chambers, an increase in Senate majority‐party seats results in lower minority‐party support for the legislation in the House committee, while during divided party control of Congress, the House majority passes more extreme bills as the chambers polarize. Even in the majority‐party‐dominated House, the minority’s preferences are incorporated into legislation, and the Senate’s institutional rules moderate bills to a significant degree.
Epidemiology and healthcare utilization of inpatient admissions in children with pediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction
Authors: Batra Suruchi , Rahman Sheikh , Rana Md Sohel , Matta Sravan , Darbari Anil 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction is a rare disorder affecting gastrointestinal motility leading to chronic symptoms and hospitalizations. There is limited understanding of the epidemiology and healthcare burden.MethodsWe analyzed data from Kids' Inpatient Database from 2016, which includes inpatient discharge records from US hospitals. ICD‐10 codes were used to identify patients 0‐18 years with pediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction and comorbid conditions. Multivariable logistic regression and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test were used.ResultsIn 2016, there were 1671 inpatient discharges from US hospitals for patients 0‐18 years of age with this diagnosis. The incidence of inpatient admission was 29/100 000 patients. After controlling for age, race, income status, and insurance, males vs females (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.94‐1.28; P = .241) and caucasians vs other races (aOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.27‐1.88; P < .001) were more likely to be admitted. Inpatient admissions incurred significant healthcare burden; median (inter quartile range IQR) cost of hospitalization of US$ 52 079 (US$ 23 530‐120 961) and a median (IQR) length of stay of 6 days (3‐14 days). Gastrostomy (32%) and ileostomy (12.6%) status appeared to incur lower healthcare burden. Parenteral nutrition, malnutrition, and central line/bloodstream infections resulted in higher healthcare burden.ConclusionsPediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction is a rare diagnosis with a high incidence of inpatient admissions and healthcare burden. An aggressive multidisciplinary management is crucial in reducing inpatient admissions in this cohort.
Orofacial manifestations and dental management of systemic lupus erythematosus: A review
Authors: Benli Merve , Batool Fareeha , Stutz Céline , Petit Catherine , Jung Sophie , Huck Olivier 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune multisystem disease with numerous clinical manifestations. There is no consensus about the ideal oral management for this group of patients to date. This review aimed to describe the broad spectrum of orofacial and clinical manifestations and their therapeutic approaches. Studies concerning orofacial manifestations of SLE and dental treatment modalities were selected by a literature search (1978–2019) using Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE electronic databases. The initial search strategy provided a total of 129 articles, and of these, 30 were included for qualitative synthesis. The reviewed studies revealed that SLE patients are more at risk of compromised oral and dental health exhibiting increased risk of periodontal diseases and temporomandibular joint disorders. The use of systemic drugs especially immunosuppressive and anticoagulants in SLE patients may also influence their oral management. Results emphasize the need to carry out, at an early stage of the disease, an appropriate oral management of these patients to improve oral health‐related quality of life and to prevent the need of more invasive therapeutics. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for dental and medical management of such patients.
Laryngeal reflex responses in pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Erb Thomas O. , Trachsel Daniel , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLaryngeal and respiratory reflexes are vitally important defense mechanisms against foreign body aspiration, safeguarding airway patency, and ventilation. These highly preserved automatisms easily overrule external influences like willpower or (anesthetic) medication. Prevention and anticipation are, therefore, the essential strategies to avoid adverse events and damage, and treatment is most effective in the early stage of the reflex response. The physiology and pathophysiology of the various defensive reflexes as well as a comprehensive anesthetic approach to prevention and treatment are outlined in this review.
Differentiation of simple renal parenchymal cyst and calyceal diverticulum
Authors: Sahin Hilal , Sarioglu Fatma Ceren , Alaygut Demet , Akdogan Asli Irmak , Pekcevik Yeliz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCalyceal diverticulum is the cystic eventration of the upper urinary tract within the renal parenchyma, which gives the first impression of a simple renal cyst and therefore can easily be misdiagnosed. We conducted a study to assess the role of static‐fluid magnetic resonance (MR) urography in the differentiation of renal parenchymal cysts and calyceal diverticulum in comparison with focused renal ultrasonography (US).MethodsFocused renal US, static‐fluid, and excretory MR urography studies of 45 children who were admitted to our pediatric nephrology department with a diagnosis of renal cyst were reviewed retrospectively. Excretory MR urography was accepted as gold standard for the diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum. Sensitivity and specificity of focused renal US and static fluid MR urography in the diagnosis of renal calyceal diverticulum were assessed. Interobserver agreement between three radiologists in the diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum on MRI was also evaluated.ResultsThe study included 29 patients (13 boys and 16 girls) aged between 6–18 years (mean 11.5 ± 4.1). Five calyceal diverticula and 24 solitary renal parenchymal cysts were diagnosed. The sensitivity and the specificity of focused renal US were 40% and 100% in the diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum. The sensitivity and the specificity of static‐fluid MR urography were 100% and 91.6%, respectively. The degree of interobserver agreement was excellent for the diagnosis of diverticulum for static‐fluid MR urography (κ = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.71–1.00).ConclusionsStatic‐fluid MR urography can be successfully used in children for the differentiation of renal parenchymal cyst and calyceal diverticulum due to its high sensitivity and specificity, without exposing children to ionizing radiation or intravenous contrast agents.
Respiratory illness and acute flaccid myelitis in the Tokai district in 2018
Authors: Okumura Akihisa , Numoto Shingo , Iwayama Hideyuki , Kurahashi Hirokazu , Natsume Jun , Saitoh Shinji , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Fukao Toshiyuki , Hirayama Masahiro , Takahashi Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn outbreak of acute flaccid myelitis was chronologically correlated with an outbreak of severe respiratory illness in Japan in 2015. We hypothesized that increases in children hospitalized with severe respiratory illnesses might also be associated with increase in acute flaccid myelitis in autumn 2018.MethodsWe explored the temporal correlations between respiratory illness outbreaks and acute flaccid myelitis during autumn season between 2016 and 2018 using questionnaire surveys. One questionnaire explored the monthly numbers of children with acute flaccid myelitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and other acute flaccid paralyses. The other questionnaire explored the monthly numbers of children hospitalized with respiratory illnesses associated with wheezing. A correlation between the monthly numbers of children with acute flaccid myelitis and those with respiratory illness was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test.ResultsAlthough the number of patients hospitalized with respiratory illness did not correlate with the number of those admitted with myelitis, increases in children aged 7–12 and 13–19 years requiring intensive care unit admission correlated temporally with an outbreak of acute flaccid myelitis.ConclusionsAn increase in intensive care unit admissions to treat respiratory disease occurred in association with a cluster of acute flaccid myelitis. An increase in the number of intensive care unit admissions due to respiratory illness may be a clue to expect the occurrence of acute flaccid myelitis.
Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii infection in children in adult versus pediatric intensive care units
Authors: Kim Beomjoon , Kim Kyunghoon , Yoon Jong‐seo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that children treated in adult intensive care units (ICUs) might be at increased risk of hospital‐acquired infection. We therefore compared the incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in children treated in pediatric ICUs (PICUs) and in those treated in adult ICUs.MethodsPatients aged <18 years admitted to PICUs or adult ICUs between March 2009 and June 2017 were enrolled. We retrospectively investigated A. baumannii isolates and calculated the A. baumannii incidence during ICU admission. Cox regression was used to identify possible risk factors for A. baumannii infection.ResultsEight hundred and thirty ICU cases were included; 508 were treated in PICUs (“PICU group”) and 322 in adult ICUs (“adult‐ICU group”). Acinetobacter baumannii was isolated 19 (3.7%) and 23 (7.1%) times in the PICU and adult‐ICU groups, respectively. Incidence densities for A. baumannii acquisition in PICU and adult‐ICU groups were 1.63 and 5.62 per 1,000 ICU days, respectively. In the Cox regression model, the hazard ratio for A. baumannii acquisition associated with treatment in PICUs was 0.33 (95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.61; P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis after adjusting for age and sex, treatment in PICU remained significantly associated with a reduced risk of A. baumannii infection (hazard ratio: 0.40; 95%; confidence interval: 0.20–0.76).ConclusionsPediatric patients treated in a PICU had a lower rate and incidence density of A. baumannii nosocomial infection than those treated in adult ICUs, suggesting that PICUs provide better infection control for children than adult ICUs.
Nationwide epidemiological survey of holoprosencephaly in Japan
Authors: Abe Yuichi , Araki Ryuichiro , Sobajima Hisanori , Tamura Masanori , Kunikata Tetsuya , Ohtake Akira , Yamanouchi Hideo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHoloprosencephaly (HPE) is a congenital malformation with an estimated prevalence of 0.10–6.06 per 10 000 births but with no nationwide data specific to Japan.MethodsThis nationwide retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted from 2011 to 2013. All 467 training hospitals for perinatal and neonatal care certified by the Japan Society of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine were contacted. The birth prevalence rate (BPR) was assessed from the primary survey and clinical characteristics from the secondary survey.ResultsWe received valid responses from 253 hospitals in the primary survey (54.6%). Of 390 342 live births, 60 were diagnosed with HPE (23 males and 37 females), resulting in an actual BPR of 1.54 per 10 000 live births. The point estimate for HPE cases was 100 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.7–120), and the estimated BPR of HPE was calculated to be 0.32 per 10 000 live births (95% CI: 0.26–0.38) based on 3 117 853 live births according to Japanese national statistics during the study period. In the secondary survey, we obtained data for 49 cases (19 males and 30 females). Of these, 20 were alobar (40.8%), 20 were semilobar (40.8%), five were lobar (10.4%), and four were of unknown type. Genetic examination was performed in 37 of the 49 HPE patients and revealed that chromosomes 13, 18, and 7 were affected in eight, six, and four patients, respectively.ConclusionsThis is the most extensive survey on holoprosencephaly to date in Japan. The estimated BPR was consistent with that reported in previous research.
Preparing for the 2019‐2020 influenza season
Authors: de St. Maurice Annabelle , Halasa Natasha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough the 2017‐2018 influenza season had very high rates of influenza‐associated illness, the 2018‐2019 influenza season was comparable to previous seasons. Influenza A was the most commonly identified type worldwide, although variations in influenza A subtype prevalence existed. Influenza vaccination remains the single most effective way to prevent influenza‐associated illness. A novel influenza antiviral, baloxavir, has demonstrated promising results; however, concerns about development of resistance exist.
Species specificity preliminary evaluation of an IL‐4‐based test for the differential diagnosis of human echinococcosis
Authors: Petrone Linda , Albrich Werner C. , Tamarozzi Francesca , Frischknecht Manuel , Gomez‐Morales Maria Angeles , Teggi Antonella , Hoffmann Matthias , Goletti Delia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is based on imaging, while serology is a complementary test of particular use when imaging is inconclusive. Serology has several limitations. Among them, false‐positive results are often obtained in subjects with alveolar echinococcosis (AE), rendering difficult the differential diagnosis. We set up an immune assay based on IL‐4‐specific production after stimulating whole blood with an antigen B (AgB)‐enriched fraction from E granulosus that associates with CE and CE cysts in active stage. We aimed to evaluate potential cross‐reactivity of this test using samples from patients with AE. Twelve patients with AE were recruited; IL‐4 levels ranged from 0 to 0.07 pg/mL. Based on the previously identified cut‐off of 0.39 pg/mL using samples from patients with CE, none of samples from AE patients scored positive. In contrast, almost 80% of samples from AE patients scored positive in serology tests based on different E granulosus‐derived antigenic preparations. Our preliminary data show that this experimental whole‐blood assay has no cross‐reactivity in our cohort of patients with AE, in turn indicating a high specificity of the assay for CE diagnosis. This result supports further work towards the development of improved diagnostic tests for CE.
Bidirectional colonization and biofilm formation by Erwinia psidii in eucalypt plants
Authors: Caires N. P. , Guimarães L. M. S. , Hermenegildo P. S. , Rodrigues F. A. , Badel J. L. , Alfenas A. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDieback and wilt caused by Erwinia psidii is an emerging disease that has been causing considerable damage in eucalypt plantations. Because it is a recently emerged disease, several aspects of the bacterial interaction with its host still remain to be elucidated. In this work, we studied the E. psidii colonization and biofilm formation in eucalypt tissues by specific detection using PCR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the bacterium is able to translocate in stem tissue mainly acropetally, although movement in the basipetal direction was also observed to a lesser extent, always through the xylem. No colonization of phloem tissues was observed. In addition to colonizing the xylem, E. psidii colonized the parenchymatous tissue. The bacterium formed cell aggregates enveloped by fibrillar material that evolved into complex, well‐structured biofilms in stem and leaf tissues. In contrast, no biofilm formation was observed on abiotic surfaces. These observations suggest that biofilm formation plays an important role in the elicitation of dieback and wilt symptoms caused by E. psidii on eucalypt plants. This study not only shows ultrastructural aspects of the E. psidii communities but also tissue damage in eucalypt plants that was associated with the presence of bacterial aggregates and formation of tyloses.
Reducing caesarean delivery: An economic evaluation of routine induction of labour at 39 weeks in low‐risk nulliparous women
Authors: Callander Emily J. , Creedy Debra K. , Gamble Jenny , Fox Haylee , Toohill Jocelyn , Sneddon Anne , Ellwood David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical interventions known to reduce the risk of caesarean delivery include routine induction of labour at 39 weeks, caseload midwifery and chart audit, but they have not been compared for cost‐effectiveness.ObjectiveTo assesses the cost‐effectiveness of three different interventions known to reduce caesarean delivery rates compared to standard care; and conduct a budget impact analysis.MethodsA Markov microsimulation model was constructed to compare the costs and outcomes produced by the different interventions. Costs included all costs to the health system, and outcomes were quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) gained. A budget impact analysis was undertaken using this model to quantify the costs (in Australian dollars) over three years for government health system funders.ResultsAll interventions, plus standard care, produced similar health outcomes (mean of 1.84 QALYs gained over 105 weeks). Caseload midwifery was the lowest cost option at $15 587 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15 269, 15 905), followed by routine induction of labour ($16 257, 95% CI 15 989, 16 536), and chart audit ($16 325, 95% CI 15 979, 16 671). All produced lower costs on average than standard care ($16 905, 95% CI 16 551, 17 259). Caseload midwifery would produce the greatest savings of $172.6 million over three years if implemented for all low‐risk nulliparous women in Australia.ConclusionsCaseload midwifery presents the best value for reducing caesarean delivery rates of the options considered. Routine induction of labour at 39 weeks and chart audit would also reduce costs compared to standard care.
Rhodesian Ridgebacks have an increased risk to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Werhahn Beining Franziska , Urhausen Carola , Wolf Karola , Schmicke Marion , Rohn Karl , Schuler Gerhard , Günzel‐Apel Anne‐Rose 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age‐dependent primarily non‐inflammatory enlargement of the accessory gland in the intact dog. The aim of the present study was to control a previously raised suspicion of a breed‐related higher incidence of BPH in dogs of the Rhodesian Ridgeback breed. For this, 18 Labrador Retrievers/LR and 20 Rhodesian Ridgebacks/RR were assigned to the age groups 18–24 months (n = 12), 25–48 months (n = 13) and 49–72 months (n = 13). Prostate gland status was determined by rectal palpation, B‐mode ultrasound, calculation of the prostate gland volume and semen analysis regarding haemospermia and was classified according to blood plasma concentrations of canine prostate‐specific arginine esterase (CPSE) (normal ≤ 60 ng/ml, increased ≥ 61 ng/ml; Pinheiro et al., 2017). Concentrations of testosterone, 5α‐dihydrotestosterone and estradiol were analysed in peripheral blood serum or plasma for detecting breed‐specific conditions regarding the endocrine metabolism. Prostatic volume was significantly larger in RR irrespective of the CPSE status. In RR, BPH occurred more frequently and started at an earlier age compared with the LR. Breed‐related specificities in steroid metabolism in the RR were indicated by correlations of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone and estradiol with age and of testosterone with prostate gland volume. Although the incidence of sonographic signs of BPH and haemospermia did not fit with normal and increased CPSE concentrations, a breed‐specific higher incidence of BPH in the RR breed could be clearly verified.
The scarring effects of youth joblessness in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kuchibhotla Murali , Orazem Peter F. , Ravi Sanjana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRetrospective data on labor market spells for successive cohorts of youth in the school‐to‐work transition in Sri Lanka are used to examine whether early spells of joblessness lead to subsequent difficulty in finding or keeping a job. A balancing score approach is used to generate pairs of youth in the school‐to‐work transition who have similar expected levels of joblessness but who differ in realized levels of joblessness. Assuming that youth are not able to perfectly control whether they are employed or not employed, we argue that marginal differences in joblessness among otherwise observationally equivalent youth can be viewed similarly to a regression discontinuity in experienced joblessness. We find evidence of scarring in that spending the first year after leaving school without a job or training increases subsequent share of time spent jobless by 23–31 percentage points and lowers subsequent wages by 5.5%–7.5%.
Development and analysis of a malaria transmission mathematical model with seasonal mosquito life‐history traits
Authors: Djidjou‐Demasse Ramsés , Abiodun Gbenga J. , Adeola Abiodun M. , Botai Joel O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we develop and analyze a malaria model with seasonality of mosquito life‐history traits: periodic‐mosquitoes per capita birth rate, ‐mosquitoes death rate, ‐probability of mosquito to human disease transmission, ‐probability of human to mosquito disease transmission, and ‐mosquitoes biting rate. All these parameters are assumed to be time dependent leading to a nonautonomous differential equation system. We provide a global analysis of the model depending on two threshold parameters and (with ). When , then the disease‐free stationary state is locally asymptotically stable. In the presence of the human disease‐induced mortality, the global stability of the disease‐free stationary state is guarantied when . On the contrary, if , the disease persists in the host population in the long term and the model admits at least one positive periodic solution. Moreover, by a numerical simulation, we show that a sub‐critical (backward) bifurcation is possible at . Finally, the simulation results are in accordance with the seasonal variation of the reported cases of a malaria‐epidemic region in Mpumalanga province in South Africa.