bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel relativistic mean field Lagrangian guided by pseudo-spin symmetry restoration *
Authors: Wei Bin , Zhao Qiang , Wang Zhi-Heng , Geng Jing , Sun Bao-Yuan , Niu Yi-Fei , Long Wen-Hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The relativistic mean field (RMF) model has achieved great success in describing various nuclear phenomena. However, several serious defects are common. For instance, the pseudo-spin symmetry of high-l orbits is distinctly violated in general, leading to spurious shell closures

and

. This leads to problems in describing structure properties, including shell structures, nuclear masses, etc. Guided by the pseudo-spin symmetry restoration [Geng et al., Phys. Rev. C, 100: 051301 (2019)], a new RMF Lagrangian DD-LZ1 is developed by considering the density-dependent meson-nucleon coupling strengths. With the newly obtained RMF Lagrangian DD-LZ1, satisfactory descriptions can be obtained for the bulk properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei. In particular, significant improvements on describing the single-particle spectra are achieved by DD-LZ1. In particular, the spurious shell closures

and

, commonly found in previous RMF calculations, are eliminated by the new effective interaction DD-LZ1, and consistently the pseudo-spin symmetry (PSS) around the Fermi levels is reasonably restored for both low-l and high-l orbits. Moreover, the description of nuclear masses is also notably improved by DD-LZ1, as compared to the other RMF Lagrangians.
Quantum bit threads of MERA tensor network in large c limit *
Authors: Chen Chong-Bin , Shu Fu-Wen , Wu Meng-He 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) formula plays a large role in the current theory of gauge-gravity duality and emergent geometry phenomena. The recent reinterpretation of this formula in terms of a set of “bit threads” is an interesting effort in understanding holography. In this study, we investigate a quantum generalization of the “bit threads” based on a tensor network, with particular focus on the multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA). We demonstrate that, in the large c limit, isometries of the MERA can be regarded as “sources” (or “sinks”) of the information flow, which extensively modifies the original picture of bit threads by introducing a new variable ρ: density of the isometries. In this modified picture of information flow, the isometries can be viewed as generators of the flow. The strong subadditivity and related properties of the entanglement entropy are also obtained in this new picture. The large c limit implies that classical gravity can emerge from the information flow.
Highly porous tungsten for plasma-facing applications in nuclear fusion power plants: a computational analysis of hollow nanoparticles
Authors: Díaz-Rodríguez Pablo , Munoz Francisco , Rogan José , Martín-Bragado Ignacio , Perlado J.M. , Peña-Rodríguez Ovidio , Rivera Antonio , Valencia Felipe J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Plasma-facing materials (PFMs) for nuclear fusion, either in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) or in magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) approaches, must withstand extremely hostile irradiation conditions. Mitigation strategies are plausible in some cases, but usually the best, or even the only, solution for feasible plant designs is to rely on PFMs able to tolerate these irradiation conditions. Unfortunately, many studies report a lack of appropriate materials that have a good thermomechanical response and are not prone to deterioration by means of irradiation damage. The most deleterious effects are vacancy clustering and the retention of light species, as is the case for tungsten. In an attempt to find new radiation-resistant materials, we studied tungsten hollow nanoparticles under different irradiation scenarios that mimic ICF and MCF conditions. By means of classical molecular dynamics, we determined that these particles can resist astonishingly high temperatures (up to ∼3000 K) and huge internal pressures (>5 GPa at 3000 K) before rupture. In addition, in the case of gentle pressure increase (ICF scenarios), a self-healing mechanism leads to the formation of an opening through which gas atoms are able to escape. The opening disappears as the pressure drops, restoring the original particle. Regarding radiation damage, object kinetic Monte Carlo simulations show an additional self-healing mechanism. At the temperatures of interest, defects (including clusters) easily reach the nanoparticle surface and disappear, which makes the hollow nanoparticles promising for ICF designs. The situation is less promising for MCF because the huge ion densities expected at the surface of PFMs lead to inevitable particle rupture.
Uncatalysed Polycondensation of Lactic Acid to Polylactic Acid Under Microwave Irradiation: Effect of Microwave Power
Authors: Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari S. M. , Mansor Muhammad Humaidi , Azman Hazeeq Hazwan , Rosli Dzulfadli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, polycondensation of 88wt% lactic acid (LA) was performed by irradiating LA with microwave at different powers (P=250, 440, 715 and 900W) for 5 min, in the absence of a catalyst. The recovered products were analysed by attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that raising microwave power resulted in a significant increase in mass loss, even much higher than the water content of the fresh LA (12wt%). Such an observation was likely to be caused by two occurrences. The first is associated with the evaporation of 12wt% of water molecules in the fresh LA that escalated upon increasing microwave power. This is supported by ATR-IR analysis illustrating a decreasing trend in the intensity of O-H stretching band. The second is linked to the intensified polycondensation of LA to polylactic acid (PLA) when elevating microwave power, forming more ester bonds and consequently eliminating more water molecules. The increased formation ester bonds was evidenced by the shift in Tonset values towards higher temperatures, as exhibited by TGA profiles. As overall, the outcomes of this study could lead to a cost effective and energy saving production of biodegradable plastics, substituting the time-consuming conventional heating.
Analytical Solution of Homogeneous One-Dimensional Heat Equation with Neumann Boundary Conditions
Authors: Subani Norazlina , Jamaluddin Faizzuddin , Mohamed Muhammad Arif Hannan , Badrolhisam Ahmad Danial Hidayatullah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A partial differential equation is an equation which includes derivatives of an unknown function with respect to two or more independent variables. The analytical solution is needed to obtain the exact solution of partial differential equation. To solve these partial differential equations, the appropriate boundary and initial conditions are needed. The general solution is dependent not only on the equation, but also on the boundary conditions. In other words, these partial differential equations will have different general solution when paired with different sets of boundary conditions. In the present study, the homogeneous one-dimensional heat equation will be solved analytically by using separation of variables method. Our main objective is to determine the general and specific solution of heat equation based on analytical solution. To verify our objective, the heat equation will be solved based on the different functions of initial conditions on Neumann boundary conditions. The results have been compared with different values of initial conditions but the boundary condition remain the same. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that increase the number of n will reduce the heat temperature and the time taken. For short length of the rod, the heat temperature quickly converges to zero and take less time to release or reduced the heat temperature when compared to the long length of the rod.
Graph Analysis Study of a City Bus Transit Network
Authors: Rahman Atiqur S.M. , Magalingam Pritheega , Kamaruddin Norshaliza Binti , Samy Ganthan Narayana , Maarop Nurazean , Perumal Sundaresan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Graph analysis approach was used to analyze a city bus network. The bus trip data were segregated into 4 smaller bus datasets (weekday-peak-hour, weekday-off-peak-hour, weekend-peak-hour, and weekend-off-peak-hour) with the main goal of studying and identifying the differences between peak hours and off-peak hours, as well as between weekdays and weekends. These differences are identified in terms of global characteristics and network evolution distinctions. Based on the analysis of the simplified network, we identified the relative shape of the networks and the centrality attributes. A comparative analysis is performed between the networks at different times to understand the impact of peak against off-peak and weekday against weekends. Significant differences are found in the analysis. In addition to the above, highly important routes and stops were also identified, where optimization initiative is planned for a more efficient bus transport network. The findings can serve as a starting point for future route optimization of the similar network.
Systematic Literature Review of Information Security Compliance Behaviour Theories
Authors: Kuppusamy Puspadevi , Samy Ganthan Narayana , Maarop Nurazean , Magalingam Pritheega , Kamaruddin Norshaliza , Shanmugam Bharanidharan , Perumal Sundresan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper aims to identify behavioural theories that influence information security policies compliance behaviour. A systematic review of empirical studies from eleven online databases (ACM digital library, Emerald Insight, IEEE Xplore digital library, Springer link, Science direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Oxford academic journals, SAGE journals, Taylor & Francis and Wiley online library) are conducted. This review identified 29 studies met its criterion for inclusion. The investigated theories were extracted and analysed. Total of 19 theories have been identified and studied concerning to security policy compliance behaviour. The result indicated that the most established theories in information security compliance behaviour studies are the Theory of Planned Behavior and Protection Motivation theory. Meanwhile, General Deterrence Theory, Neutralization theory, Social Bond Theory / Social Control Theory are used moderately in this research area. Less explored theories are namely Self Determination Theory, Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Involvement Theory, Health belief model, Theory of Interpersonal Behavior, Extended Parallel Processing Model, Organisational Control Theory, Psychological Reactance Theory, Norm Activation Theory, Organizational Behaviour Theory, Cognitive Evaluation Theory and Extended Job Demands-Resources. The results from this review may guide the development and evaluation of theories promoting information security compliance behaviours. This will further contribute in the development of an integrated theory of information security compliance behaviour.
Comparative Study of Icon Design for Mobile Application
Authors: Kamarulzaman Nor Azura , Fabil Norasikin , Zaki Zulkifly Mohd , Ismail Roesnita 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIcons are widely used in mobile applications as visual displays that can assist the acquisition and understanding of information. An icon creates better visual perception with the ability to communicate meaning. Icon design is an approach of designing a graphic icon that can express a specific meaning. Icon design principles and elements are considered as major factors for mobile user interface that would lead to higher icon usability and acceptance of mobile applications. The study is undertaken to conduct a systematic review of published scientific literature on icon design elements for mobile applications. The chosen articles were published between 2014 and 2019, with full text provided and written in the English language. The electronic databases used were Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest, and Research Gate. Other sources include secondary data through books and web pages. The search terms used were “mobile icon design”, “mobile icon design principle”, “mobile icon design element” and “apps icon design”. The outcomes of this paper are a comparative study and proposed elements for icon design that will contribute to the field of icon design for mobile application. The proposed elements for icon design consist of recognizable, colour, simple, semantics, familiarity, shape, aesthetic, consistency, uniqueness and concreteness. These proposed elements for icon design can assist designers and researchers in designing icons for mobile application that would improve user experience by enhancing the meaning of icons to users.
An Early Warning System for Reservoir Water Release Operation Using Agent-Based Negative Selection Model
Authors: Doi Siti Mazura Che , Norwawi Norita Md , Ismail Roesnita 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An early warning system is one of the best solutions for flood management. It enhances the reservoir floodgate operation, flood proofing, flood insurance, and flood plain zoning processes. The timeline and accuracy of the decision to open the reservoir gate are critical. Any delay might damage the dam caused by the excess water, leading to flash flood to the surrounding areas. Consequently, huge losses could be incurred, such as the loss of lives, properties, and financial ruins. At this point, the reservoir floodgate operator would sometimes be hesitant to make an early decision due to inconsistency in getting heavy rainfall data readings, which are under manual control. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of an autonomous agent-based system based on the Artificial Immune Systems (AIS). This system would immediately send readings to the reservoir operator so that gradual release of water from the reservoir can be done to prevent it from bursting. This task requires a certain level of experience and expertise in decision making to ensure no water shortage due to the volume of water to be released. This proposed early warning system is based on the immune negative selection and intelligent agent to monitor the changes in the reservoir water level. This autonomous early detection mechanism can support the domain expert’s job to recognise the threats early on, which is required to improve the monitoring procedure.
Empirical Study on the Influence of Security Control Management and Social Factors in Deterring Information Security Misbehaviour
Authors: Hamid Hanifah Abdul , Dali Nuradli Ridzwan Shah Mohd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Complying with the security rules and standard is important to safeguard valuable information in the organisation. Failure to prevent security breaches costs the organisation huge losses and bad reputation. Technical solutions are abundant but nonetheless still unsuccessful to deter information security incidents. The root cause of incompliance is humans as they are the weakest link of security chain. This paper examines the information security control management particularly on information security awareness, training and education, risk analysis and management, information security policies and procedures as well as physical security monitoring, and cognitive factors which give impact towards the employees’ information security compliant behaviour in the organization. Based on convenient sampling, a survey was conducted to employees of public and private sectors in Malaysia who are the Software as a Service (SaaS) cloud users. Data was collected online and was analysed using PLS-SEM. Result shows that information security control management and cognitive factors have high significant impact in deterring information security misbehaviour in the context of cloud users.
The Attendance Marking System based on Eigenface Recognition using OpenCV and Python
Authors: Puthea Khem , Hartanto Rudy , Hidayat Risanuri 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Attendance of students in a large classroom is hard to be handled by the traditional system, as it is time-consuming and has a high probability of error during the process of inputting data into the computer. This paper proposed automated attendance marking system using face recognition technique. The system deployed Haar cascade to find the positive and negative of the face and eigenface algorithm for face recognition by using python programming and OpenCV library. The proposed method using PCA to resolved the problems such as lightning of the images, noise from the camera, and the direction of the student faces. The attendance of the student was updated to the Excel sheet after student’s face has been recognized.
Study on the Sensitivity of Bare Fiber Bragg Grating for Ultrasonic Frequencies Response Under Various Temperature
Authors: Mukhtar Wan Maisarah , Zailani Nurul Syazwani Mohd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work presents a study on the sensitivity of bare fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to detect ultrasonic frequencies under various temperature. Two infrared (IR) laser with excitation wavelength, λ=1310nm and λ=1550nm were employed. Various types of FBG with operating wavelength of 1546nm, 1550nm and 1554nm were used to identify the optimum design of sensor in detecting range of ultrasonic frequencies between 5kHz until 30kHz under various surrounding temperature from 20°C until 30°C. The principle of FBG vibration detection lies in the fact that spectral shift would occur due to the acoustic-induced variations in the medium. In this study, the ultrasonic signal had been investigated by monitoring the amplitude of optical output power. At 30°C, the bare FBG with operating wavelength of 1554nm using 1310nm light source exhibits the optimum performance in detecting ultrasonic vibration frequency, in which its sensitivity was obtained as ∆P=0.10dBm. We believe that the sensitivity of the proposed sensor can be enhanced by introduce nanomaterials onto the FBG or by altering the physical structure of FBG.
A Preliminary Study of Catalytic Hydrothermal Conversion of Cellulose to Lactic Acid: Effects of Reaction Temperature and Metal Ion Catalyst
Authors: Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari S. M. , Zulastry Nurfaheera Aiza , Azman Hazeeq Hazwan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cellulose biopolymer was converted to lactic acid by catalytic hydrothermal method. The conversion was studied under various temperatures (120 to 190 °C) and types of metal ion catalyst (Pb2+ and Al3+), while the reaction period remained fixed at 3 h. Following the reaction, the recovery of untreated cellulose and the mass loss were determined by gravimetric means. Meanwhile, the resultant liquid products were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detecting the targeted products: lactic acid, glucose, and fructose. The study reveals useful insights; elevating the reaction temperature was found to increase the mass loss, so did the yield of the targeted products. On the other hand, using a metal ion catalyst, possessing stronger Lewis acidity character, further enhanced lactic acid production.
First-principles calculation of hot carriers in black phosphorus
Authors: Villegas Cesar E. P. , Rocha Alexandre R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Black Phosphorus (BP), a layered semiconductor, has atracted enormous attention due to its singular anisotropic electronic, optical and thickness-dependent direct bandgap properties. As a consequence, BP has been envisioned as a promising material for several technological applications including photonics electronics and optolectronics. Nonetheless, most of the materials that integrate these devices undergo scattering and decay processes that are governed by quantum mechanical effects. From this point of view, the correct understanding and prediction of hot carriers dynamics in prospective materials as BP is crucial for its succesfull integration in future technology. In this work, based on ab initio calculations, we study the carrier relaxation rates in BP. Thus, the electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering contributions are investigated. Our results suggest that for the near-infrared and visible light spectrum [1.5 to 3.5 eV], the carriers in BP follow an ultrafast dynamics with relaxation times of the order of few to tens of femtoseconds while for the far-infrared range the relaxation times is of the order of hundreds of femtoseconds. Our reults are consistent with previous studies of pump-probe measurements on carrier dynamics.
Radial pulsation of a compact object in d dimensions
Authors: Arbañil José D. V. , Malheiro Manuel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The influence of the extra dimensions on the equilibrium and radial pulsation of a compact object is investigated. For such purpose, we solve the stellar structure equations and radial pulsation equations, both modified from their original version to include the extra dimensions (d ≥ 4) taking into account that spacetime outside the object is depicted by a Schwarzschild-Tangherlini metric. In addition, we consider that the pressure and the energy density are connected by a linear relation. Some properties of compact objects are analyzed, such as mass and period of the fundamental mode and their dependencies with the spacetime dimensions. We found that the maximum mass marks the begining of the instability, indicating that in a sequence of equilibrium configurations, the regions constitute by stable and unstable compact objects are distinguished by the relations

d
M

/

d

ρ

c
d

>
0

and

d
M

/

d

ρ

c
d

<
0

, respectively.
The projection effect on the measurement of the angular BAO scale
Authors: de Carvalho Edilson , Bernui Armando , Carvalho Joel C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) imprinted a geometric spherical pattern in the distribution of cosmic structures, like quasars or galaxies. Such pattern can be detected by analyzing the 2-point correlation function of a large sample of cosmic objects, where it appears as a small excess of probability to find pairs of objects separated by a comoving distance: the radius of the sphere rs
. This signature appears in a 3-dimensional (3D) scrutiny, but also in the 2-dimensional (2D) study, with the data located in a thin redshift bin. Differently from the 3D case, in 2D analysis, the angular BAO scale is not directly obtained from the 2-point angular correlation function due to the projection effect, which arises because the size of the redshift bin is not null, and therefore a small shift-correction is needed. Here we estimate the magnitude of such shift-correction for several redshift epochs of the Universe, in the linear and nonlinear approaches.
Closed Strings in the Skyrme Gauge Model
Authors: Rybakov Y. P. , Benavente Ramirez E. , Grandez Lopez José 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the framework of the skyrme gauge SU(2) model, closed chiral strings (vortices) are considered, whose closure radius a is considered large in comparison with the characteristic size of the vortex determined by the parameters of the model. In this approximation, it is possible to find the chiral and gauge fields inside the vortex, estimate its radius and energy as functions of the topological charge Q.