bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numeralität als soziale Praxis – forschungstheoretische Einordnung und empirische Zugänge
Authors: Pabst Antje , Curdt Wiebke , Benz-Gydat Melanie , Schreiber-Barsch Silke , Zeuner Christine 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungNumeralität als Teil von Grundbildung wurde im deutschen Sprachraum bisher sowohl in der Wissenschafts- als auch in der Praxisdiskussion der Erwachsenenbildung nur peripher berücksichtigt. Ausgehend von diesem Befund, führt der Beitrag die einzelnen forschungstheoretischen und konzeptionellen Linien des Diskursraumes in einer Systematik zusammen. Zudem argumentiert der Beitrag für eine Erweiterung des Diskurses um den Ansatz einer subjektorientierten Grundbildung, der auf dem Konzept von Numeralität als soziale Praxis aufbaut. Erste Befunde aus zwei Forschungsprojekten zur Verschränkung von Numeralität mit Alter bzw. Behinderung können subjektive Begründungs- und Bedeutungszusammenhänge sowie die soziale Einbettung von Numeralität aufdecken.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Ambroxol Hard-Boiled Lozenges in Patients with Acute Pharyngitis
Authors: Sousa Rita , Lakha Deepak R. , Brette Sandrine , Hitier Simon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new hard-boiled lozenge formulation containing ambroxol 20 mg versus placebo for the relief of sore throat in patients with acute pharyngitis.

Methods
This was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group multicenter trial conducted between June and September 2018 in South Africa. Patients with a diagnosis of acute pharyngitis, onset ≤ 72 h, and sore throat pain of at least moderate intensity were randomized to receive either ambroxol 20 mg or placebo hard-boiled lozenges. The primary efficacy endpoint was the normalized time-weighted sum of pain intensity differences (SPID) from baseline over 3 h following administration of the first lozenge (SPIDnorm,0–3h). Secondary efficacy endpoints included SPID 24 h after the first lozenge intake (SPIDnorm,0–24h) and patient assessment of efficacy at 3 and 24 h after the first lozenge.

Results
Of 422 patients from 11 centers, 390 were randomized to one of the two treatment groups (n = 196, ambroxol; n = 194, placebo) and 388 were analyzed (modified intention-to-treat). The mean ± standard deviation SPIDnorm,0–3h values were −0.386 (0.259) and −0.366 (0.243) in the ambroxol and placebo groups, respectively, and the adjusted mean ± standard error SPIDnorm0–3h difference between ambroxol and placebo was −0.020 (0.025) (p = 0.443). Comparable results between treatment groups were also found for SPIDnorm,0–24h and patient assessment of efficacy at 3 and 24 h after the first lozenge. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar between treatment groups (11.7% for ambroxol versus 9.3% for placebo).

Conclusion
Although marked pain relief was observed over the first 3 h of treatment, superiority of ambroxol 20 mg hard-boiled lozenges versus placebo was not demonstrated in this study.

Trial Registration
NCT03583658.

Funding
Sanofi-Aventis Group.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 7 inhibitor THZ1 in cancer therapy
Authors: Li Bin‐Bin , Wang Bo , Zhu Cheng‐Ming , Tang Di , Pang Jun , Zhao Jing , Sun Chun‐Hui , Qiu Miao‐Juan , Qian Zhi‐Rong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurrent cancer therapies have encountered adverse response due to poor therapeutic efficiency, severe side effects and acquired resistance to multiple drugs. Thus, there are urgent needs for finding new cancer‐targeted pharmacological strategies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding with THZ1, a covalent inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), which demonstrated promising anti‐tumor activity against different cancer types. By introducing the anti‐tumor behaviors and the potential targets for different cancers, this review aims to provide more effective approaches to CDK7 inhibitor‐based therapeutic agents and deeper insight into the diverse tumor proliferation mechanisms.
Multiple importations and transmission of colistin-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaein a hospital in northern India
Authors: Mathur Purva , Khurana Surbhi , de Man Tom J.B. , Rastogi Neha , Katoch Omika , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Neeravi Ayyan Raj , Venkatesan Manigandan , Kumar Subodh , Sagar Sushma , Gupta Amit , Aggarwal Richa , Soni Kapil Dev , Malhotra Rajesh , Velayudhan Anoop , Siromany Valan , Malpiedi Paul , Lutgring Joseph , Laserson Kayla , Gupta Neil , Srikantiah Padmini , Sharma Aditya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:Resistance to colistin, a last resort antibiotic, has emerged in India. We investigated colistin-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(ColR-KP) in a hospital in India to describe infections, characterize resistance of isolates, compare concordance of detection methods, and identify transmission events.Design:Retrospective observational study.Methods:Case-patients were defined as individuals from whom ColR-KP was isolated from a clinical specimen between January 2016 and October 2017. Isolates resistant to colistin by Vitek 2 were confirmed by broth microdilution (BMD). Isolates underwent colistin susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and whole-genome sequencing. Medical records were reviewed.Results:Of 846K. pneumoniaeisolates, 34 (4%) were colistin resistant. In total, 22 case-patients were identified. Most (90%) were male; their median age was 33 years. Half were transferred from another hospital; 45% died. Case-patients were admitted for a median of 14 days before detection of ColR-KP. Also, 7 case-patients (32%) received colistin before detection of ColR-KP. All isolates were resistant to carbapenems and susceptible to tigecycline. Isolates resistant to colistin by Vitek 2 were also resistant by BMD; 2 ColR-KP isolates were resistant by disk diffusion. Moreover, 8 multilocus sequence types were identified. Isolates were negative for mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. Based on sequencing analysis, in-hospital transmission may have occurred with 8 case-patients (38%).Conclusions:Multiple infections caused by highly resistant,mcr-negative ColR-KP with substantial mortality were identified. Disk diffusion correlated poorly with Vitek 2 and BMD for detection of ColR-KP. Sequencing indicated multiple importation and in-hospital transmission events. Enhanced detection for ColR-KP may be warranted in India.
Drag forces on sparsely packed cube arrays
Authors: Yang X. I. A. , Xu H. H. A. , Huang X. L. D. , Ge M.-W. 
Published: October 2019

Flow over aligned and staggered cube arrays is a classic model problem for rough-wall turbulent boundary layers. Earlier studies of this model problem mainly looked at rough surfaces with a moderate coverage density, i.e. $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}>O(3\,\%)$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}$ is the surface coverage density and is defined to be the ratio between the area occupied by the roughness and the total ground area. At lower surface coverage densities, i.e. $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}<O(3\,\%)$, it is conventionally thought that cubical roughness acts like isolated roughness elements; and that the single-cube drag coefficient, i.e. $C_{d}\equiv f/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}U_{h}^{2}h^{2})$, equals $C_{R}$. Here, $f$ is the drag force on one cubical roughness element, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}=\text{const.}$ is the fluid density, $h$ is the height of the cube, $U_{h}$ is the spatially and temporally averaged wind speed at the cube height, and $C_{R}$ is the drag coefficient of an isolated cube. In this work, we conduct large-eddy simulations and direct numerical simulations of flow over wall-mounted cubes with very low surface coverage densities, i.e. $0.08\,\%<\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}<4.4\,\%$. The large-eddy simulations are at nominally infinite Reynolds numbers. The results challenge the conventional thinking, and we show that, at very low surface coverage densities, the single-cube drag coefficient may increase as a function of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}$. Our analysis suggests that this behaviour may be attributed to secondary turbulent flows. Secondary turbulent flows are often found above spanwise-heterogeneous roughness. Although the roughness considered in this work is nominally homogeneous, the secondary flows in our simulations are very similar to those observed above spanwise-heterogeneous surface roughness. These secondary vortices redistribute the fluid momentum in the outer layer, leading to high-momentum pathways above the wall-mounted cubes and low-momentum pathways at the two sides of the wall-mounted cubes. As a result, the spatially and temporally averaged wind speed at the cube height, i.e. $U_{h}$, is an underestimate of the incoming flow to the cubes, which in turn leads to a large drag coefficient $C_{d}$.
Attitudes toward disabilities among students in college settings: A multidimensional scaling analysis with biplot
Authors: Tu Wei-Mo , Yan Min-Chi , Li Qiwei , Watts Justin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigated attitudes toward 10 specific groups of individuals with disabilities among students in college settings. These groups comprised major depression, substance use disorder (SUD), anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, learning disability, visual impairment, spinal cord injury, and cancer survivor. The multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis revealed a two-dimension space representing participants’ attitudes toward those disabilities. The MDS biplot further indicated higher levels of perceived dangerousness from the groups with SUD, major depression, anxiety disorder, and ASD. The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that cluster A (SUD and major depression) was rated as having the highest level of social distance (i.e., negative attitudes). The implications for research and practice in rehabilitation counseling were discussed.
Color sound symbolism in natural languages
Authors: JOHANSSON NIKLAS , ANIKIN ANDREY , ASEYEV NIKOLAY 
Published: October 2019

abstractThis paper investigates the underlying cognitive processes of sound–color associations by connecting perceptual evidence from research on cross-modal correspondences to sound symbolic patterns in the words for colors in natural languages. Building upon earlier perceptual experiments, we hypothesized that sonorous and bright phonemes would be over-represented in the words for bright and saturated colors. This hypothesis was tested on eleven color words and related concepts (red–green, yellow–blue, black–white, gray, night–day, dark–light) from 245 language families. Textual data was transcribed into the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), and each phoneme was described acoustically using high-quality IPA recordings. These acoustic measurements were then correlated with the luminance and saturation of each color obtained from cross-linguistic color-naming data in the World Color Survey. As expected, vowels with high brightness and sonority ratings were over-represented in the words for colors with high luminance, while sonorous consonants were more common in the words for saturated colors. We discuss these results in relation to lexicalization patterns and the links between iconicity and perceptual cross-modal associations.
On spectral embedding performance and elucidating network structure in stochastic blockmodel graphs
Authors: Cape Joshua , Tang Minh , Priebe Carey E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStatistical inference on graphs often proceeds via spectral methods involving low-dimensional embeddings of matrix-valued graph representations such as the graph Laplacian or adjacency matrix. In this paper, we analyze the asymptotic information-theoretic relative performance of Laplacian spectral embedding and adjacency spectral embedding for block assignment recovery in stochastic blockmodel graphs by way of Chernoff information. We investigate the relationship between spectral embedding performance and underlying network structure (e.g., homogeneity, affinity, core-periphery, and (un)balancedness) via a comprehensive treatment of the two-block stochastic blockmodel and the class ofK-blockmodels exhibiting homogeneous balanced affinity structure. Our findings support the claim that, for a particular notion of sparsity, loosely speaking, “Laplacian spectral embedding favors relatively sparse graphs, whereas adjacency spectral embedding favors not-too-sparse graphs.” We also provide evidence in support of the claim that “adjacency spectral embedding favors core-periphery network structure.”
An investigation of the relationship between psychopathy and greater gray matter density in lateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Lasko Emily N. , Chester David S. , Martelli Alexandra M. , West Samuel J. , DeWall C. Nathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPsychopathic traits predispose individuals toward antisocial behavior. Such antagonistic acts often result in “unsuccessful” outcomes such as incarceration. What mechanisms allow some people with relatively high levels of psychopathic traits to live “successful”, unincarcerated lives, in spite of their antisocial tendencies? Using neuroimaging, we investigated the possibility that “successful” psychopathic individuals exhibited greater development of neural structures that promote “successful” self-regulation, focusing on the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Across two structural magnetic resonance imaging studies of “successful” participants (Study 1:N= 80 individuals in long-term romantic relationships; Study 2:N= 64 undergraduates), we observed that gray matter density in the left and right VLPFC was positively associated with psychopathic traits. These preliminary results support a compensatory model of psychopathy, in which “successful” psychopathic individuals develop inhibitory mechanisms to compensate for their antisocial tendencies. Traditional models of psychopathy that emphasize deficits may be aided by such compensatory models that identify surfeits in neural and psychological processes.
(Sub)lexical changes in iconic signs to realign with community sensibilities and experiences
Authors: Mirus Gene , Fisher Jami , Napoli Donna Jo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSign language lexicons include iconic items, where phonological form is somewhat representative of sense. As experiences of individuals change, the mapping from form to meaning may become inappropriate (as when technological or environmental changes occur) or may be considered incongruous with perceptions of reality (as when culture shifts). Many misalignments of form and sense are tolerated, with the result that a sign's original iconicity is lost. Other misalignments are obliterated; signers make sublexical changes or entire lexical substitutions. We call these (sub)lexical changes ‘corrections’. We argue that misalignments that are regrettable are more likely to be corrected, where regrettable misalignments are those that are not true to realities/experiences of profound importance to deaf individuals.While the focus here is on American Sign Language, corrections should be apparent in any sign language and might occur in those spoken languages with a high frequency of nonarbitrary relationships between form and sense. (Sign language, variation, taboo terms, euphemism, iconicity, identity)*
IT WAS PERSONAL: POLITICS AND MILITARY PROMOTIONS IN THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC (1931–1936)
Authors: La Parra-Pérez Álvaro 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTOne key step in the process of development is the transition from the personalistic rules and privileges that characterise developing societies to open access orders and rational–legal bureaucracies sustaining impersonal rules. This article uses a micro-data set of Spanish officers to study the politicisation of the army during the Second Republic (1931–1939) taking Franco's Africanist faction as the case study. The military reforms during 1931–1933 increased the impersonality of rules determining the promotion of officers, but executive discretionary powers persisted. The results suggest that changes in the government affected the dynamics of the army. Under conservative governments (1934–1935), Africanists were promoted more rapidly. Centre-left governments during the period of 1931–1933 did not systematically promote Africanists differently, but the revision of promotions in 1933 slowed their careers. The politicisation of the army was one of the factors contributing to the military coup that started the Spanish Civil War.
Ensemble of surrogates and cross-validation for rapid and accurate predictions using small data sets
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Jia Liangyue , Nellippallil Anand Balu , Wang Guoxin , Hao Jia , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn engineering design, surrogate models are often used instead of costly computer simulations. Typically, a single surrogate model is selected based on the previous experience. We observe, based on an analysis of the published literature, that fitting an ensemble of surrogates (EoS) based on cross-validation errors is more accurate but requires more computational time. In this paper, we propose a method to build an EoS that is both accurate and less computationally expensive. In the proposed method, the EoS is a weighted average surrogate of response surface models, kriging, and radial basis functions based on overall cross-validation error. We demonstrate that created EoS is accurate than individual surrogates even when fewer data points are used, so computationally efficient with relatively insensitive predictions. We demonstrate the use of an EoS using hot rod rolling as an example. Finally, we include a rule-based template which can be used for other problems with similar requirements, for example, the computational time, required accuracy, and the size of the data.
Satisficing Consequentialism Still Doesn't Satisfy
Authors: Slater Joe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSatisficing consequentialism is an unpopular theory. Because it permits gratuitous sub-optimal behaviour, it strikes many as wildly implausible. It has been widely rejected as a tenable moral theory for more than twenty years. In this article, I rehearse the arguments behind this unpopularity, before examining an attempt to redeem satisficing. Richard Yetter Chappell has recently defended a form of ‘effort satisficing consequentialism’. By incorporating an ‘effort ceiling’ – a limit on the amount of willpower a situation requires – and requiring that agents produce at least as much good as they could given how much effort they are exerting, Chappell avoids the obvious objections. However, I demonstrate that the revised theory is susceptible to a different objection, and that the resulting view requires that any supererogatory behaviour must be efficient, which fails to match typical moral verdicts.
FKN theorem for the multislice, with applications
Authors: Filmus Yuval 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Friedgut–Kalai–Naor (FKN) theorem states that if ƒ is a Boolean function on the Boolean cube which is close to degree one, then ƒ is close to a dictator, a function depending on a single coordinate. The author has extended the theorem to the slice, the subset of the Boolean cube consisting of all vectors with fixed Hamming weight. We extend the theorem further, to the multislice, a multicoloured version of the slice.As an application, we prove a stability version of the edge-isoperimetric inequality for settings of parameters in which the optimal set is a dictator.
Prognostic power of anaerobic threshold parameters in patients with transposition of the great arteries and systemic right ventricle
Authors: Gonçalves António V. , Mano Tânia , Agapito Ana , Rosa Sílvia A. , de Sousa Lídia , Rio Pedro , Alberto José , Monteiro André , da Silva Tiago P. , Moreira Rita I. , Soares Rui , Pinto Fátima , Ferreira Rui C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Both transposition of the great arteries (TGA) previously submitted to a Senning/Mustard procedure and congenitally corrected TGA (cc-TGA) have the systemic circulation supported by the morphological right ventricle, thereby rendering these patients to heart failure events risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters for stratifying the risk of heart failure events in TGA patients.Methods:Retrospective evaluation of adult TGA patients with systemic circulation supported by the morphological right ventricle submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise test in a tertiary centre. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year for the primary endpoint of cardiac death or heart failure hospitalisation. Several cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters were analysed as potential predictors of the combined endpoint and their predictive power were compared (area under the curve).Results:Cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed in 44 TGA patients (8 cc-TGA), with a mean age of 35.1 ± 8.4 years. The primary endpoint was reached by 10 (22.7%) patients, with a mean follow-up of 36.7 ± 26.8 months. Heart rate at anaerobic threshold had the highest area under the curve value (0.864), followed by peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) (0.838). Heart rate at anaerobic threshold ≤95 bpm and pVO2 ≤20 ml/kg/min had a sensitivity of 87.5 and 80.0% and a specificity of 82.4 and 76.5%, respectively, for the primary outcome.Conclusion:Heart rate at anaerobic threshold ≤95 bpm had the highest predictive power of all cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters analysed for heart failure events in TGA patients with systemic circulation supported by the morphological right ventricle.
The cost of presidential impeachment to politically connected firms
Authors: Lee Ha Na , Song B. K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study examines the ways political events can affect the stock prices of politically connected firms by studying one of the biggest corruption scandals in modern South Korean history, which led to the first-ever impeachment of a sitting president. We analyzed the stock returns of firms that donated money to foundations allegedly controlled by the president's confidante. We found that the abnormal stock returns of politically connected firms decreased when the president was removed from office. Using tick-by-tick stock price data, we were able to pinpoint the exact moments when the stock prices of firms that donated money fluctuated, as the president's fate was determined by the justices of the Constitutional Court.
Does Visual Aesthetics of the Workplace Matter? Analyzing the Assessment of Visual Aesthetics as Antecedent of Affective Commitment and Job Crafting
Authors: González-Suhr Carolina , Salgado Sergio , Elgueta Herman , Alcover Carlos-María 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, two objectives were addressed. First, the visual aesthetics assessment of the workplace was explored for the first time as a potential antecedent of the proactive behaviors of job crafting. Second, the potential mediating role of the affective organizational commitment in this relationship was analyzed. To address these purposes, a field study was conducted with a sample of 428 workers. Following a set of hypotheses, the results of the measurement model, χ2(df) = 494.288 (215);CFI= .920;TLI= .906;RMSEA= .066, showed that the visual aesthetics assessment of the workplace was significantly correlated with three of the four dimensions of job crafting (r= .19 with ISO-JR,r= .15 with IC-JD and;r= .17 with IST-JR;p< .001) and with affective organizational commitment (r= .27,p< .001). In addition, through a structural equation model, χ2(df) = 494.895 (219);CFI= .921;TLI= .909;RMSEA= .065, positive and significant indirect effects were found from the visual aesthetic assessment of the workplace to the same three dimensions of job crafting, all through the affective organizational commitment: .17 with ISO-JR, .25 with IC-JD and, .23 with IST-JR; 95%CI[.097, .276], [.161, .361] and [.161, .361], respectively. The results obtained provide useful evidence for researchers and managers about the value of providing an aesthetically satisfactory workplace, which would enhance the affective commitment of employees and, consequently, positively affect the proactive behaviors of job crafting.