bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis-associated HLH in a patient with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis
Authors: Shoureshi Pouria , Ruiz Johanna , Abdulzahir Ahmad , Bisch Alexander L , Naddaf Naja , Gisel Justin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare immunological disorder that is accompanied by a high mortality rate when the underlying aetiology is miliary tuberculosis. We report a case of tuberculosis (TB)-associated HLH in a haemodialysis patient, from a TB-endemic region, who missed two sessions of dialysis before developing the primary symptoms of HLH. The patient presented with non-specific findings including pancytopenia, coagulopathy and transaminitis. Computer-tomography imaging and microbiology from bronchoalveolar lavage evidenced miliary tuberculosis. Further testing revealed the TB-associated-HLH characteristic pattern of thrombocytosis, leukopenia, transaminitis, hyperferritinemia and elevated fibrinogen. The patient initially demonstrated improvement after initiation of anti-TB therapy. However, soon thereafter began to paradoxically deteriorate and then expire from apparent tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, and consequently of the utility of diagnostic systems such as the HScore in cases of high clinical suspicion.
Recurrent giant phyllodes tumour in a 17-year-old female: a rare case report
Authors: Yahaya James J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Phyllodes tumours (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial tumours of the breast with incidence accounting for &lt;1% in the general population. Availability of reports on PTs with size of 31 cm or more in diameter in the literature are extremely rare. Herein, the case of a 17-year-old female patient with a giant recurrent right breast PT is reported. Histologically, the tumour showed proliferation of stromal tumour cells consisting of spindle cells with uniform nuclear chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and proliferation labelling index for Ki67 of &lt;10%. PTs require meticulous surgical excision due to the fact that they have a high rate of recurrence and status of surgical margins must be included in the pathology report. This is because recurrent cases of PTs tend to grow faster than the primary ones with a high chance of transforming to malignancy.
Additive manufacturing of polymer-based structures by extrusion technologies
Authors: Maguire Alianna , Pottackal Neethu , Saadi M A S R , Rahman Muhammad M , Ajayan Pulickel M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of three-dimensional structures with intricate cellular architectures where the material is selectively dispensed through a nozzle or orifice in a layer-by-layer fashion at the macro-, meso-, and micro-scale. Polymers and their composites are one of the most widely used materials and are of great interest in the field of AM due to their vast potential for various applications, especially for the medical, military, aerospace, and automotive industries. Because architected polymer-based structures impart remarkably improved material properties such as low density and high mechanical performance compared to their bulk counterparts, this review focuses particularly on the development of such objects by extrusion-based AM intended for structural applications. This review introduces the extrusion-based AM techniques followed by a discussion on the wide variety of materials used for extrusion printing, various architected structures, and their mechanical properties. Notable advances in newly developed polymer and composite materials and their potential applications are summarized. Finally, perspectives and insights into future research of extrusion-based AM on developing high-performance ultra-light materials using polymers and their composite materials are discussed.
Vegetarian diets, circulating miRNA expression and healthspan in subjects living in the Blue Zone
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Gatto Nicole M , Chen Zhong , Qiu Hongyu , Lee Grace , Duerksen-Hughes Penelope , Fraser Gary , Wang Charles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA long-term vegetarian diet plays a role in the longevity and maintenance of the healthspan, but the underlying mechanisms for these observations are largely unknown. Particularly, it is not known whether a long-term vegetarian dietary pattern may affect the circulating miRNA expression in such a way as to modulate the healthspan. The Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort includes a large number of older adults who primarily follow vegetarian dietary patterns and reside in Loma Linda, California, one of five “Blue Zones” in the world in which a higher proportion of the population enjoys a longer than average lifespan. We performed miRNA-seq in 96 subjects selected from the AHS-2 cohort with different dietary patterns. We identified several differentially expressed miRNAs between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, which are involved in immune response and cytokine signaling, cell growth and proliferation as well as age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, our study showed that a vegetarian diet modulates aging-associated circulating miRNAs in a sex-dependent manner of differential expression for certain miRNAs, which may be related in a beneficial manner to the healthspan. Further investigation is needed to validate these miRNAs as potential biomarkers for diet-modulated longevity in humans.
The Headless Fourth Branch: Rethinking the Assumptions of Administrative Jurisprudence
Authors: Selin Jennifer L 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA mismatch exists between the fundamental principles underlying modern administrative jurisprudence and the practical realities of administrative governance as illuminated by social science. This mismatch is most evident in the judicial conceptions of congressional intent, delegation, administrative procedures, and political accountability. As a result, federal agencies have the opportunity to shape the parameters under which courts analyze administrative authority and to capitalize on overlapping delegations of power. Agencies respond by shifting resources toward unorthodox policymaking and legalized personnel, raising questions about what it means legally for federal agencies to be accountable to the judicial and political branches of government. In sum, the mismatch between doctrine and practice presents many avenues for future research and has important consequences for the operation of our separation of powers system.
Property Rights, Land Misallocation, and Agricultural Efficiency in China
Authors: Chari Amalavoyal , Liu Elaine M , Wang Shing-Yi , Wang Yongxiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines the impact of a property rights reform in rural China that allowed farmers to lease out their land. We find the reform led to increases in land rental activity in rural households. Our results indicate that the formalization of leasing rights resulted in a redistribution of land toward more-productive farmers. Consequently, output and aggregate productivity increased by 8$\%$ and 10$\%$, respectively. We also find that the reform increased the responsiveness of land allocation across crops to changes in crop prices.
OCCUPATIONAL EYE LENS DOSE OVER SIX YEARS IN THE STAFF OF A US HIGH-VOLUME CANCER CENTER
Authors: Bellamy M B , Miodownik D , Quinn B , Dauer L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper summarizes the dose to the eye lens of workers of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, a high-volume US oncologic and associated diseases facility. The doses presented in this report were collected from personal dosemeter readings using optically stimulated luminescence badges to estimate Hp(3). Doses were collected for 5950 clinical and research workers between January 2012 and December 2017. The median eye lens dose for all monitored workers was 0.23 mSv y−1. Workers performing, or supporting, fluoroscopy procedures received the highest unprotected eye lens dose of all workers with a median eye dose of 10 mSv. The use of leaded glasses by this group reduced the actual doses to the lens. Nurses and technicians involved in positron emission tomography injections received median eye lens dose of 1.2 mSv.
Expecting social punishment facilitates control over a decision under uncertainty by recruiting medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Kim Jaejoong , Jeong Bumseok 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn many decision-making situations, sub-optimal choices are increased by uncertainty. However, when wrong choices could lead to social punishment, such as blame, people might try to improve their performance by minimizing sub-optimal choices, which could be achieved by increasing the subjective cost of errors, thereby globally reducing decision noise or reducing an uncertainty-induced component of decision noise. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 46 participants performed a choice task in which the probability of a correct choice with a given cue and the conditional probability of blame feedback (by making an incorrect choice) changed continuously. By comparing computational models of behaviour, we found that participants optimized their performance by preferentially reducing a component of decision noise associated with uncertainty. Simultaneously, expecting blame significantly deteriorated participants’ mood. Model-based fMRI analyses and dynamic causal modelling indicate that the optimization mechanism based on the expectation of being blamed would be controlled by a neural circuit centred on the right medial prefrontal cortex. These results show novel behavioural and neural mechanisms regarding how humans optimize uncertain decisions under the expectation of being blamed.
Patients with anxiety disorders rely on bilateral dlPFC activation during verbal working memory
Authors: Balderston Nicholas L , Flook Elizabeth , Hsiung Abigail , Liu Jeffrey , Thongarong Amanda , Stahl Sara , Makhoul Walid , Sheline Yvette , Ernst Monique , Grillon Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the hallmarks of anxiety disorders is impaired cognitive control, affecting working memory (WM). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is critical for WM; however, it is still unclear how dlPFC activity relates to WM impairments in patients. Forty-one healthy volunteers and 32 anxiety (general and/or social anxiety disorder) patients completed the Sternberg WM paradigm during safety and unpredictable shock threat. On each trial, a series of letters was presented, followed by brief retention and response intervals. On low- and high-load trials, subjects retained the series (five and eight letters, respectively) in the original order, while on sort trials, subjects rearranged the series (five letters) in alphabetical order. We sampled the blood oxygenation level–dependent activity during retention using a bilateral anatomical dlPFC mask. Compared to controls, patients showed increased reaction time during high-load trials, greater right dlPFC activity and reduced dlPFC activity during threat. These results suggest that WM performance for patients and controls may rely on distinct patterns of dlPFC activity with patients requiring bilateral dlPFC activity. These results are consistent with reduced efficiency of WM in anxiety patients. This reduced efficiency may be due to an inefficient allocation of dlPFC resources across hemispheres or a decreased overall dlPFC capacity.
Fear or Loathing in the United States? Public Opinion and the Rise of Racial Disparity in Mass Incarceration, 1978–2015
Authors: Duxbury Scott W 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdefining characteristic of mass incarceration is the overwhelming racial disparity in US prison populations. Yet, little research has examined the role of public attitudes in the growth of racial disparity in incarceration rates during the prison boom. This article considers the influence of explicit and modern forms of prejudice and traces a portion of the rise in racial disparity in incarceration rates to historically high levels of fear of crime. It analyzes roughly forty years of annual data on incarceration at the state level, leveraging recent methodological developments for polling data to construct longitudinal measures of state public opinion from 386,751 individual survey responses to a pooled sample of 102 national surveys. Results from panel models show that public fear of crime played a larger role in explaining rising racial disparity in incarceration rates than explicit prejudice or laissez-faire racial attitudes. Further analyses demonstrate that fear of crime mediates a sizable portion of the effect of race-specific offending. These findings reveal that it is fear of crime and its radicalized overtones, rather than explicit or laissez-faire racial attitudes, that contributes to much of the observed racial inequality in the criminal justice system.
Age of Speech Onset in Autism Relates to Structural Connectivity in the Language Network
Authors: Barbeau Elise B , Klein Denise , Soulières Isabelle , Petrides Michael , Bernhardt Boris , Mottron Laurent 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Speech onset delays (SOD) and language atypicalities are central aspects of the autism spectrum (AS), despite not being included in the categorical diagnosis of AS. Previous studies separating participants according to speech onset history have shown distinct patterns of brain organization and activation in perceptual tasks. One major white matter tract, the arcuate fasciculus (AF), connects the posterior temporal and left frontal language regions. Here, we used anatomical brain imaging to investigate the properties of the AF in adolescent and adult autistic individuals with typical levels of intelligence who differed by age of speech onset. The left AF of the AS group showed a significantly smaller volume than that of the nonautistic group. Such a reduction in volume was only present in the younger group. This result was driven by the autistic group without SOD (SOD−), despite their typical age of speech onset. The autistic group with SOD (SOD+) showed a more typical AF as adults relative to matched controls. This suggests that, along with multiple studies in AS-SOD+ individuals, atypical brain reorganization is observable in the 2 major AS subgroups and that such reorganization applies mostly to the language regions in SOD− and perceptual regions in SOD+ individuals.
Lessons from the Field: Integrated survey methodologies for neglected tropical diseases
Authors: Harding-Esch Emma M , Brady Molly A , Angeles Cristiam A Carey , Fleming Fiona M , Martin Diana L , McPherson Scott , Hurtado Hollman Miller , Nesemann John M , Nwobi Benjamin C , Scholte Ronaldo G C , Taleo Fasihah , Talero Sandra Liliana , Solomon Anthony W , Saboyá-Díaz Martha Idalí 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The 2021–2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases road map calls for intensified cross-cutting approaches. By moving away from vertical programming, the integration of platforms and intervention delivery aims to improve efficiency, cost-effectiveness and programme coverage. Drawing on the direct experiences of the authors, this article outlines key elements for successful integrated surveys, the challenges encountered, as well as future opportunities and threats to such surveys. There are multiple advantages. Careful planning should ensure that integration does not result in a process that is less efficient, more expensive or that generates data driving less reliable decisions than conducting multiple disease-specific surveys.
The Incidence of Posterior and Combined AP Shoulder Instability Treatment with Surgical Stabilization Is Higher in an Active Military Population than in the General Population: Findings from the US Naval Academy
Authors: Yow Bobby G. , Wade Sean M. , Bedrin Michael D. , Rue John-Paul H. , LeClere Lance E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Anterior instability has consistently been shown to be the most common type of glenohumeral instability. Recent studies have demonstrated a higher percentage of posterior and combined (anterior and posterior) instability than had previously been reported; however, this work has not been replicated recently in a particularly young military population, which may be representative of an especially athletic or high-demand group.

Question/purpose
What proportion of arthroscopic shoulder stabilization procedures are performed to address isolated anterior instability, isolated posterior instability, and combined instability in a young, military population?

Methods
Between August 2009 and January 2020, two sports medicine fellowship–trained surgeons performed arthroscopic shoulder surgery on 543 patients at a single institution. During that time, the indication to be treated with arthroscopic stabilization surgery was symptomatic glenohumeral instability, as diagnosed by the operative surgeon, that restricted patients from carrying out their military duties. Of those, 82% (443 of 543) could be evaluated in this retrospective study, while 18% (100 of 543) were excluded due to either incomplete data or because the procedure performed was not to address instability. No patient underwent an open stabilization procedure during this period. Of the 443 patients investigated, the mean age was 22 ± 4 years, and 88% (392 of 443 patients) were men. Instability type was characterized as isolated anterior, isolated posterior, or combined (anterior and posterior) according to the physician’s diagnosis as listed in the patient’s clinical records and operative reports after the particular capsulolabral pathology was identified and addressed.

Results
Isolated anterior instability occurred in 47% of patients (210 of 443). Isolated posterior instability happened in 18% of patients (80 of 443), while combined anteroposterior instability occurred in 35% of patients (153 of 443).

Conclusion
Shoulder instability is common in the military population. Although anterior instability occurred most frequently, these findings demonstrate higher proportions of posterior and combined instability than have been previously reported. Surgeons should have a heightened suspicion for posterior and combined anteroposterior labral pathology when performing arthroscopic stabilization procedures to ensure that these instability patterns are recognized and treated appropriately. The current investigation examines a unique cohort of young and active individuals who are at particularly high risk for instability and whose findings may represent a good surrogate for other active populations that a surgeon may encounter.

Level of Evidence Level III; therapeutic study.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ satisfaction with pharmacy services in Wollega University Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Fekadu Ginenus , Dereje Saktu , Dugassa Dinka , Bekele Firomsa , Simegnew Dawit , Turi Ebisa , Tolossa Tadesse , Fetensa Getahun , Alemu Tamirat , Gamachu Busha 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical services in hospitals is an integral aspect of providing quality of health care. In this regard, it has long been proven that the adoption of the concept of pharmaceutical care is essential to improve the quality of pharmaceutical services. Hence, this study aimed to assess type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ satisfaction with pharmacy services in Wollega University Referral Hospital, West Ethiopia.

Methods:
Descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed from May to June 2019. Data were collected using both close and open-ended questionnaires from the sample of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 and Descriptive data were explained by frequency and percentage.

Results:
From a total of 195 study participants, 124 (64%) were satisfied with pharmacy service. Patients who were satisfied with pharmacy services reported possible reasons like availability of the prescribed drugs, affordability, and notice of information on the drug package that is not taken with foods. However, patients were dissatisfied with other pharmacy related factors like the reflection of negative attitude from the pharmacists and withholding information on what to do during the occurrences of adverse effects. About two thirds (67.8%) patients agreed with the availability of prescribed medicines. None of the patients had negative attitude toward the pharmacists. About 43.1% of the patients strongly disagreed with unclear instruction of taking medicines.

Conclusion:
The patients’ satisfaction level with pharmacy service was affected by different pharmacy service-related factors. The management of Wollega University Referral Hospital has to establish and activate information centers to sufficiently provide drug information for the patients and motivate pharmacists morally and financially.
Association of occupational noise exposure, bilateral hearing loss with hypertension among Chinese workers
Authors: Li Wenzhen , Yi Guilin , Chen Zhenlong , Wu Jie , Lu Zuxun , Liang Jiaojun , Mao Geshi , Yao Yong , Wang Dongming 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship of occupational noise, bilateral hearing loss with blood pressure and hypertension among a Chinese population.

Methods:
We included 15 422 individuals from a cross-sectional survey of the key occupational diseases in 2017 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Occupational noise exposure was evaluated through workplace noise level and/or the job titles. Hearing loss was defined as a pure-tone average of 25 dB or higher at speech frequency (0.5, 1, 2 kHz) or high frequency (3, 4, 6 kHz) in both ears. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure at least 140/90 mmHg or self-reported current use of antihypertensive medication.

Results:
Compared with participants without occupational noise exposure, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher for noise exposure duration of 5 to less than 10 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.27] and at least 10 years (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.09–1.30). In the sex-specific analysis, the association was significantly pronounced in male (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.06–1.32 for duration of 5 to <10 years; OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12–1.38 for duration ≥10 years), but not in female (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.80–1.11 for duration of 5 to <10 years; OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.90–1.20 for duration ≥10 years). In the subsample analyses, bilateral hearing loss was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension, no matter for speech frequency hearing loss (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02–1.30 for mild; OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.20–1.50 for severe) or for high-frequency hearing loss (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.03–1.50 for mild; OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.80–3.17 for severe). The sex-subgroup analysis of hearing loss with hypertension was similar as occupational noise and hypertension.

Conclusion:
Our study has suggested occupational noise exposure is a potential risk factor for hypertension.