bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sponging up diversity: Evaluating metabarcoding performance for a taxonomically challenging phylum within a complex cryptobenthic community
Authors: Timmers Molly A. , Vicente Jan , Webb Maryann , Jury Christopher P. , Toonen Robert J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite their ecological importance, sponges are often avoided in biodiversity studies and monitoring programs because they are notoriously difficult to identify using morphological or molecular methods. Here, we investigate the metabarcoding performance of universal degenerate cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) primers in detecting species from this challenging phylum in a cryptobenthic community. Twenty‐two modified Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) were deployed for 2 years in mesocosms receiving unfiltered seawater from an adjacent reef slope. Upon recovery, each unit was inspected by a marine sponge taxonomist who used a combination of taxonomy, imagery, and DNA barcoding (28S rRNA and COI) to identify sponges and generate a validated taxonomic richness value for each ARMS unit. A total of 69 unique sponge barcoded morphologies (BMs) were identified from the classes Calcarea, Demospongiae, and Homoscleromorpha. Metabarcoding identified 41 unique sponge molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) from Demospongiae and Homoscleromorpha but the primers failed to amplify any species from the class Calcarea which comprised 22% of the BMs. Sponge richness did not differ between BMs and MOTUs assigned to the classes Demospongiae and Homoscleromorpha. However, assignments at the order and family level in Demospongiae underscore known limitations in sponge taxonomic resolution using the COI gene. The prevalence of false positives within the order Suberitida and the pervasiveness of false negatives within the order Haplosclerida highlighted both technical and biological constraints in the metabarcoding method. Overall, these results confirm the need for discretion in sponge MOTU assignments using universal degenerate barcoding primers that target a short fragment of the COI gene. However, they also demonstrate that COI metabarcoding is capable of capturing sponge richness from a complex natural community.
Pseudo‐dynamic and quasi‐static testing of hinged truss with all‐steel buckling‐restrained braces at base
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Wu Jing , Pang Xixi , Alam M. Shahria , Zhang Jinyang , Zhang Meng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHinged truss with buckling‐restrained braces at base (HTBB) is composed of a rocking steel braced frame system and two replaceable all‐steel buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) installed symmetrically on both sides at the bottom of the rocking steel braced frame. BRBs are used as hysteretic energy‐dissipating devices and damage is concentrated in BRBs. The rocking steel braced frame remains in an elastic state to control the deformation mode of the structure. Pseudodynamic testing and quasi‐static testing were conducted on a 1/3‐scale HTBB test specimen to investigate its seismic performance. The test program also includes the retrofitting process and replacement process. Pseudodynamic testing revealed that the HTBB effectively controlled the deformation pattern. The quasi‐static cyclic testing demonstrated that the system behaved in a ductile and stable manner with no strength degradation, even up to 2.5% roof drift. The damage was concentrated in the BRBs, and no damage to the hinged truss was observed throughout the testing. The failure was governed by the fracture of the BRBs. The effectiveness of the displacement‐controlled retrofitting solutions was verified and the function of the test specimen can be restored by replacing the damaged BRBs, which indicated that HTBB belongs to a resilient structural system. Finally, a finite‐element model was developed to simulate the seismic response of the test specimen. Comparisons showed good agreement between the numerical results and the pseudodynamic test results.
Screening of dominant strains in red sour soup from Miao nationality and the optimization of inoculating fermentation conditions
Authors: Xiong Kexin , Han Fei , Wang Zehan , Du Ming , Chen Yan , Tang Yang , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRed sour soup is a traditional fermented product in southwest China. Currently, the existing production process mainly adopts the method of natural fermentation, with long fermentation cycles and poor stability between batches. Rapid establishment of dominant strains can accelerate the formation of lactic acid, which can inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. It is also helpful for the inhibition of nitrite accumulation, shortening of fermentation. In this study, the dominant strain H9, with lactic acid‐producing ability, was isolated from the natural fermented red sour soup, and was identified as Lactobacillus buchneri, based on the 16s rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification. Then, the optimization of fermentation conditions was performed using L. buchneri H9 strain as external bacteria. The optimized fermentation conditions were temperature of 22°C, starch dosage of 11.24 g/L, and initial inoculation of 3.5 × 108 cfu/L. The concentration of lactic acid reached 8.029 g/L after 8 days of inoculating fermentation, which exceeded 6.221 g/L for 20 days of natural fermentation. Compared with natural fermentation, the peak of nitrite during inoculating fermentation appeared earlier and the peak height was lower. While the nitrite content in inoculating fermentation decreased to safety threshold more quickly. The volatile flavor compounds analysis showed that 41 types of volatile compounds were detected in the inoculating fermentation product, while 45 in the natural fermentation product. Over 88% compounds were overlapped, which means similar flavor between two fermentation products. These results provide a sufficient scientific basis for the industrialized production of inoculating fermentation of red sour soup.
High‐resolution gridded climate data for Europe based on bias‐corrected EURO‐CORDEX: The ECLIPS dataset
Authors: Chakraborty Debojyoti , Dobor Laura , Zolles Anita , Hlásny Tomáš , Schueler Silvio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate is an important driver of many ecological and social processes; the availability of high‐resolution climate data is thus one of the key presumptions for knowledge‐based decisions. We created a new climate dataset for Europe referred to as ECLIPS (European CLimate Index ProjectionS), which contains gridded data for 80 annual, seasonal and monthly climate variables for two past (1961–1990 and 1991–2010) and five future (2011–2020, 2021–2140, 2041–2060, 2061–2080 and 2081–2100) periods. The future data are based on five regional climate models (RCMs) driven by two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Two ECLIPS versions were developed: ECLIPS 1.1 with a spatial resolution of 0.11° × 0.11°, which is the resolution of the underlying RCMs, and ECLIPS 2.0 downscaled to the resolution of 30 arcsec employing the delta approach. Both ECLIPS versions were tested against independent station data from the European Climate Assessment (ECA) dataset. Correlations of the ECA and ECLIPS 1.1 data ranged from 0.63 to 0.78, depending on the tested variable. The correlations increased to 0.78–0.93 for ECLIPS 2.0, suggesting substantial improvement of the match with station data due to the downscaling. A large number of climate projections, periods and indices as well as the availability of these data at two different spatial resolutions can support diverse studies across a range of disciplines and thus extend our understanding of climate‐sensitive dynamics of many social and ecological systems.
Conflict of interest in regulatory investigations on medical professionals
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayan , Kark QC Tom 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMedical professionals’ practices may be investigated by their employers. Biased and flawed investigations impact badly on clinicians’ lives and careers but also reduce the quality of patient care provided, which in turn result in serious financial costs for the National Health Service. This article considers the importance of excluding conflict of interest while organising regulatory investigations. It explores the harmful effects that a biased and badly conducted investigation may have on staff and the possible ways of ensuring that investigations are fair and unbiased, with reference to Fit and Proper Persons Test and overarching responsibility of the Trust Board of Directors.
Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis‐associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Xiong Li , Xiong Liang , Ye Hong , Ma Wan‐Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis‐associated interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD) is an irreversible pathologic condition of unknown cause, commonly involving the joint and the lung with variable amounts of fibrotic change. In contrast to rheumatoid arthritis or other chronic interstitial lung diseases such as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, there is so far no extensively accepted or implemented animal model for this disease.AimsTo provide guidance for those who are investigating the pathogenesis of RA‐ILD with animal models.Materials and MethodsAn analysis of papers from PubMed during 1978‐2020.ResultsWe outline the present status quo for animal models of RA‐ILD about their modeling methods and pathogenesis, compare their pros and cons with respect to their ability to mimic the clinical and histological features of human disease and discuss their applicability for future research.DiscussionThere is no doubt that these animal models do provide valuable information relating to the pathogenesis of RA‐ILD and the development of effective therapeutic drugs. Nevertheless, these animal models can not entirely recapitulate clinical pathology and have some limitations in experimental research application. Therefore, it should be emphasized that we should improve and explore animal models in more accordance with the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of human RA‐ILD.ConclusionThese established animal models of the disease can significantly progress our understanding of the etiology of RA‐ILD, the fundamental mechanisms of its pathogenesis and the identification of new bio‐markers, and can contribute to the development and implementation of novel treatment strategies.
A new alkanol from the endolichenic fungus Daldinia childiae
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Yang Cailing , Meng Qingfeng , Liu Le , Fu Shaobin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne new alkanol, 2,4,5‐heptanetriol(1), together with four compounds, 6‐heptene‐2,4,5‐triol (2), rel‐(1S, 4S, 5R, 7R, 10R)‐10‐desmethyl‐1‐methyl‐11‐eudesmene (3), 2,3‐dihydro‐5‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one (4), (−)‐regiolone (5) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of rice solid‐substrate cultures of endolichenic fungus Daldinia childiae for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 were separated firstly from the genus Daldinia. Their structures were elucidated by spectral data and compound 3 exhibited α‐amylase inhibitory activity.
Performance of a membrane bioreactor and a moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor treating table olive processing wastewater: a comparative study
Authors: Patsios Sotiris I , Kontogiannopoulos Konstantinos N , Pouliou Niki , Karabelas Anastasios J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwo laboratory‐scale experimental systems – a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor (MBBR‐MBR), both treating real high‐strength, saline wastewater from a table olive processing plant – were operated under identical conditions to comparatively evaluate their performance for three different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 88, 96 and 104 h.RESULTSThe biological process of both systems, after appropriate biomass acclimatization, was stable and the removal efficiencies were rather high; i.e., regarding total organic carbon (TOC) ≥86.4% and ≥85.6% for the MBR and MBBR‐MBR, respectively, and ≥89.1% regarding total polyphenols (TPh) for both systems. Concerning TOC and TPh removal, no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the two systems. Reduction of HRT resulted in a slight decrease in mean TOC removal efficiency, but the mean TPh removal was practically unchanged. No membrane chemical cleaning was applied to either system during the 85‐day long continuous operation.CONCLUSIONThe comparative assessment showed that both systems (i.e., MBR and MBBR‐MBR) are effective for the advanced biological treatment of table olive processing wastewater and can achieve quite high removal efficiencies of organic matter and TPh. However, direct effluent reuse for irrigation purposes seems to be hindered by its high salinity. No significant differences were observed in the performance of these systems, apart from the increased aeration (and related energy costs), which is necessary to keep the biofilm carriers floating in the case of the MBBR‐MBR. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Proton Resonance Frequency Shift Thermometry: A Review of Modern Clinical Practices
Authors: Blackwell James , Kraśny Marcin J. , O'Brien Aoife , Ashkan Keyoumars , Galligan Josette , Destrade Michel , Colgan Niall 
Published: November 2020

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a popular modality in guiding minimally invasive thermal therapies, due to its advanced, nonionizing, imaging capabilities and its ability to record changes in temperature. A variety of MR thermometry techniques have been developed over the years, and proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift thermometry is the current clinical gold standard to treat a variety of cancers. It is used extensively to guide hyperthermic thermal ablation techniques such as high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and laser‐induced thermal therapy (LITT). Essential attributes of PRF shift thermometry include excellent linearity with temperature, good sensitivity, and independence from tissue type. This noninvasive temperature mapping method gives accurate quantitative measures of the temperature evolution inside biological tissues. In this review, the current status and new developments in the fields of MR‐guided HIFU and LITT are presented with an emphasis on breast, prostate, bone, uterine, and brain treatments.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage3
Optimum Olsen Phosphorus/ZincDTPA ratio for the initial growth of maize in agricultural soils of the Mediterranean region
Authors: Sacristán Daniel , González‐Guzmán Adrián , Torrent José , del Campillo María Carmen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDZinc (Zn) deficiency in crops is commonly aggravated by high levels of phosphorus (P) in soil. In this work, the initial performance of pot‐growing maize in response to the available P and Zn in soils with low available Zn and to the application of P and Zn fertilizers was investigated.RESULTSThe soils (six non‐calcareous and 14 calcareous) ranged widely in available P (Olsen P: 5.5–37.9 mg kg−1), were poor in available Zn [diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid‐extractable Zn (ZnDTPA): 0.20–0.84 mg kg−1] and had an Olsen P/ZnDTPA ratio of 13 to 111 mg mg−1. Soil P application generally increased aerial dry matter (ADM) yield; Zn increased ADM yield mostly when applied in combination with P; and the sole application of Zn increased yield only in a soil with a high (28 mg kg−1) Olsen P and a low (0.36 mg kg−1) ZnDTPA. The increase in ADM yield resulting from optimal application of P and/or Zn to the soil was modest in soils where the Olsen P/ZnDTPA ratio was 30–60 and Olsen P was >14 mg kg−1. Zinc uptake by the control plants was correlated with the ZnDTPA of the soil. For a certain ZnDTPA value, the level of plant available Zn was higher in non‐calcareous than in calcareous soils.CONCLUSIONSoil application of fertilizer P and Zn, in soils with low levels of available Zn, should not only aim at increasing the available P and Zn levels but also balancing them at the appropriate Olsen P/ZnDTPA ratio, which was found to lie in the 30–60 range in the present study. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Establishment of a cultivation method for leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) and komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) with high zinc content for patients with zinc deficiency and evaluation of its effectiveness
Authors: Atsushi Ogawa , Ikumi Kudo , Kyoko Toyofuku 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsufficient intake of zinc is associated with various diseases worldwide. To overcome this problem, we aimed to establish a method for cultivating leafy vegetables with high zinc content in hydroponics without inhibiting their growth. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of the cultivated leafy vegetables with high zinc content in zinc‐deficient mice.RESULTSBy adjusting the zinc concentration in the hydroponic solution to 5 mg L−1 starting from 7 days before harvesting, the zinc content in leaf lettuce increased eight times of that in the control, without any inhibition of the growth. Furthermore, when oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was added simultaneously with zinc to the hydroponic solution, the zinc content further doubled (16 times of that in the control). Similar results were obtained with komatsuna and red leaf lettuce, although there was a difference in the effect of GSSG treatment. The effectiveness of leafy vegetables with high zinc content in ameliorating zinc deficiency was evaluated by feeding lettuce with high zinc content to zinc‐deficient mice. High zinc content lettuce significantly increased the zinc content in the liver, kidneys, gastrocnemius, and tibia of these mice.CONCLUSIONWe established a cultivation method for lettuce and komatsuna with high zinc content without inhibiting growth by adjusting the zinc concentration in the hydroponic solution at an appropriate concentration for an appropriate period. The result of feeding test indicates that the intake of leafy vegetables with high zinc content can ameliorate zinc deficiency and might be useful in protection from several diseases associated with this deficiency. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in Muscle Mass in Patients With Renal Transplants Based on Ultrasound
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Bo , Xiao Lian , Li Yongjie , Luo Yan 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThis original research aimed to investigate the value of ultrasound (US), including grayscale US and shear wave elastography (SWE), in quantitatively evaluating muscle mass after kidney transplantation.MethodsA total of 52 patients and 54 healthy control participants were recruited. High‐frequency US was used to evaluate the echo intensity and muscle morphologic features. Muscle stiffness in the rectus femoris was assessed with SWE. Interclass and intraclass correlation coefficients were used for evaluating measurement reliability. The diagnostic performance of SWE was determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe intraobserver and interobserver repeatability was excellent (all correlation coefficients >0.940; P < .05). The best evaluation point after right iliac fossa transplantation was at the lower third of the right leg. In patients, the skin (0.154 versus 0.192 cm) and rectus femoris (0.700 versus 0.905 cm) were thinner, and the pinnate angle (6.500° versus 8.000°) and area (0.965 versus 1.270 cm2) were smaller (all P < .05). The US results showed that, compared with the controls, all patients' rectus femoris echo intensity (P < .001 in the transverse section) and elastic modulus (P < .001 in the Young modulus and shear wave speed) increased significantly. The cutoff values were 10.05 and 10.37, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.843 and 0.845 for predicting kidney transplant and sarcopenia, respectively.ConclusionsThis noninvasive and convenient technique might be effective for objectively evaluating the muscle mass of patients after kidney transplantation.
Exploring combustion chemistry of 1‐pentene: Flow reactor pyrolysis at various pressures and development of a detailed combustion model
Authors: Cao Chuangchuang , Li Wei , Chen Weiye , Ahmad Hafiz , Yang Jiuzhong , Li Yuyang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pyrolysis of 1‐pentene was investigated in a flow reactor over temperatures of 900–1300 K and pressures of 0.04 and 1 atm using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV‐PIMS). Pyrolysis products, especially radicals and cyclic compounds, were identified, and their mole fraction profiles were quantified. A detailed kinetic model of 1‐pentene combustion was developed and validated against the new data in this work. Modeling analysis including rate of production analysis and sensitivity analysis was performed to reveal the key pathways in the decomposition of 1‐pentene and the formation of pyrolysis products. Due to the presence of CC double bond in 1‐pentene molecule, the allylic CC bond dissociation reaction and the retro‐ene reaction play important roles in the formation of dominant pyrolysis products such as small alkenes. Besides, the formation of cyclic products including 1,3‐cyclopentadiene, fulvene, benzene, and toluene is dominated by the reactions of C3 intermediates with C2–C4 intermediates. The model was further validated against the previous data of 1‐pentene combustion, including the ignition delay times and laminar burning velocities over a wide range of pressures, temperatures, and equivalence ratios. Modeling analysis shows that C0–C3 reactions and fuel‐specific reactions are important for the ignition process of 1‐pentene, while C0–C2 reactions play significant roles in the laminar flame propagation of 1‐pentene.