bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C074: Areca (betel) nut chewing and metabolic conditions
Authors: Paulino Yvette C. , Yamanaka Alisha N. , Sotto Patrick F.P. , Badowski Grazyna , Wilkens Lynne R. , Hernandez Brenda Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Oral cancer is the most widely studied health outcome linked to areca (betel) nut chewing, or mastication of the Areca catechu fruit or seed often combined with slaked lime, tobacco, and the Piper betle (leaf). A growing area of research is the influence of betel nut chewing on metabolic conditions. To investigate betel nut chewing and metabolic conditions, including obesity and related health characteristics, a cross-sectional study of 122 adults was conducted in Guam between July 2013 and October 2014. Information on demographics, medical history, dietary intake and betel nut use was collected. Height and weight measurements were collected to calculate body mass index or BMI (weight in kg/height in m2) as an indicator of weight status. Waist was also measured to calculate waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of health risk status. Health characteristics were compared across the three chewing groups: 64 current betel nut chewers, 37 former betel nut chewers, and 21 non-betel nut chewers. Strong evidence of differences by betel nut exposure were seen by ethnicity (predominantly Chamorros across all chewing groups), BMI (predominantly obese among former betel nut chewers), waist-to-height ratio (predominantly high risk among current and former betel nut chewers), history of self-reported stroke (predominant among former betel nut chewers), and alcohol consumption (highest number of drinks among current betel nut chewers). The evidence of poor metabolic conditions seen among current betel nut chewers supports the need for a comprehensive approach to betel nut prevention strategies, to include the prevention of oral cancer and metabolic conditions. The evidence of poor metabolic conditions seen among former betel nut chewers warrants additional advanced study designs to rule out temporal ambiguity, and to further investigate any health implications of betel nut cessation.
Citation Format: Yvette C. Paulino, Alisha N. Yamanaka, Patrick F.P. Sotto, Grazyna Badowski, Lynne R. Wilkens, Brenda Y. Hernandez. Areca (betel) nut chewing and metabolic conditions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C074.
Abstract C100: Identification and functional characterization of a novel GLI1 splice variant in breast cancer
Authors: Dixon Maria S. , Chdid Lhoucine , Lamson David R. , Tarpley Michael T. , Oladapo Helen O. , Fleming Jodie M. , Freedman Jennifer A. , Devi Gayathri R. , Williams Kevin P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the biologic significance of novel GLI1 splice variants in breast cancer. African American (AA) women suffer a disproportionately high burden of basal-like breast cancer, an aggressive subtype that has no targeted therapy (1). About 15-20% of breast cancers are triple-negative/basal-like, are associated with poor clinical outcomes and show disproportionately higher prevalence in younger women of African descent (2-4). The Hedgehog (Hh)/GLI1 developmental pathway has emerged as a therapeutic target in many cancers, including breast cancer studies from our lab (5, 6). Overexpression of the main Hh transcriptional mediator GLI1, correlates with poor patient prognosis and relapse. The human GLI1 transcript undergoes alternative splicing producing two shorter isoforms, an N-terminal deletion variant (GLI1ΔN) (7) and a truncated GLI1 (tGLI1) (8), which have been reported to have different patterns of tissue expression and function. tGLI1 has been identified as being highly expressed in several cancers, including in breast cancer (9). We performed in silico analysis of the NCBI database for evidence of additional human GLI1 transcripts and identified a novel GLI1 splice variant, GLI1-X2, that has an in-frame deletion of the entire exon 10-zinc finger 5 domain of the GLI1 gene. Our preliminary data show that GLI1-X2 is expressed in basal-like breast cancers at substantially higher levels than GLI1, tGLI1, or GLI1ΔN. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate expression of GLI1-X2 in any model and our findings expand the GLI1 family of zinc finger transcription factors. Our objectives are to examine the expression differences of the GLI1 splice variants in basal-like and luminal breast cancer cell models, AA and White patient samples and to investigate the biologic function of GLI1-X2 in breast cancer. Previous studies report that GLI1ΔN and tGLI1 proteins retain intact functional zinc finger domains. Thus, we hypothesize that the loss of zinc-finger 5 is critical for GLI1-X2's functional role and regulation of downstream target genes in breast cancer. As the biologic significance of GLI1-X2 in normal and cancer biology is unknown, this proposed work is the first to characterize its function and potential role in cancer.
Citation Format: Maria S. Dixon, Lhoucine Chdid, David R. Lamson, Michael T. Tarpley, Helen O. Oladapo, Jodie M. Fleming, Jennifer A. Freedman, Gayathri R. Devi, Kevin P. Williams. Identification and functional characterization of a novel GLI1 splice variant in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C100.
Abstract C109: Modulation of HDAC activity in subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer: Effects of vorinostat on HDAC 7 expression and cancer stem cells progression
Authors: Emamzadeh Fatemeh Nouri , Hawkins Anfernee , Miranda-Carboni Gustavo , Moore Rhonda , Word Beverly , Lyn-Cook Beverly 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), are continuing to emerge as promising therapies for various cancers. These drugs, including FDA-approved vorinostat, are capable of multiple actions and considered to be multifunctional. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are chromatin-modifying enzymes that are involved in various cellular events, such as tissue differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, migration, mitosis and angiogenesis. High levels of HDACs have been detected in several cancers. Early studies in our laboratory showed different effects by vorinostat on global HDAC activity in several triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. This study focused on HDAC 7, which has been associated with increases in cancer stem cells and poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells play an important role in cancer resistance to therapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are emerging as therapy for triple-negative breast cancer, which is currently an unmet need in women's health due to the lack of targeted therapies. This study investigated the effects of vorinostat on apoptosis and the modulation of HDAC 7 expression in two subtypes of triple-negative breast cancers, MB231(MSL) and HCC70 (BL-2). Using caspase 3/7 assays vorinostat induced apoptosis. Additionally, flow cytometry and immunostaining were conducted to determine vorinostat's effects on expression of two cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, CD44 and CD24. Western blot and real-time PCR showed a significant decrease (10-fold) in the expression of HDAC 7 by vorinostat in HCC70 cells. A modest decrease (3-fold) was also observed in MB231 cells. CD44 expression was deceased by vorinostat in MB231 cells. This study demonstrated that vorinostat exerts its anticancer effects through several mechanisms, such as inducing apoptosis, downregulating HDAC 7 and decreasing cancer stem cells. This therapy could be beneficial for subtypes of TNBC, such as HCC70, an aggressive basal-like 2 cell line from an African American.
Citation Format: Fatemeh Nouri Emamzadeh, Anfernee Hawkins, Gustavo Miranda-Carboni, Rhonda Moore, Beverly Word, Beverly Lyn-Cook. Modulation of HDAC activity in subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer: Effects of vorinostat on HDAC 7 expression and cancer stem cells progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C109.
Abstract C112: [Advocate Abstract] Male breast cancer education program
Authors: Dornan Wayne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The results of a breast cancer education program directed towards men will be presented. The result indicate that men before the education program were unaware than breast cancer can be diagnosed in men. Furthermore, before the education program, men who were surveyed were unlikely to seek medical attention if they found a lump in the breast. The post-education survey results will be presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Wayne Dornan. [Advocate Abstract] Male breast cancer education program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C112.
Abstract C114: Lymph circulating tumor cells are phenotypically different from tumor cells circulating in the blood
Authors: Torres-Luquis Odalys J. , Mohammed Sulma I. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. However, metastasis is the leading cause of death. When the tumor cell migrates from the primary tumor, it can disseminate into the blood circulation or lymphatic system. It has been proven that 80% of malignant carcinoma choose the lymphatic system over the vascular system. Despite the importance of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis as a staging marker, lymphatically disseminated tumor cells (LCTCs) in transit from the primary tumor to the SLN have never been captured, characterized and compared to blood-borne tumor cells (BCTCs) in the same host. Here we use a microsurgical technique to collect draining lymph in situ from a growing tumor prior to its entry in SLN in syngeneic animals and patients with breast cancer. Unlike BCTC, LCTCs are found in clusters that exhibit a hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype, display a cancer stem cell CD44hi, CD24hi, ALDHA1hi signature, grow as mammospheres and are highly tumorigenic. We also showed that the lymph is enriched in tumor-derived exosome proteins and EGF growth factor. Characterization of LCTCs vs. BCTCs and the compilation of tumor-derived factors en route to the SLN can provide insights into the metastatic process and has relevance to cancer immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Odalys J. Torres-Luquis, Sulma I. Mohammed. Lymph circulating tumor cells are phenotypically different from tumor cells circulating in the blood [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C114.
Abstract IA03: The All of Us Research Program and precision engagement
Authors: Richardson-Heron Dara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Precision medicine is a revolutionary approach to disease prevention and treatment that takes into account individual differences in lifestyle, environment, and biology. Precision medicine will give clinicians tools to better understand the complex mechanisms underlying a person's health, disease, or condition, and to better predict which treatments and prevention strategies will be most effective. Spearheaded by the National Institutes of Health, the All of Us Research Program seeks to engage one million or more volunteers living in the U.S. to contribute their health data over many years to improve health outcomes, fuel the development of new treatments for disease, and catalyze a new era of evidence-based and more precise preventive care and medical treatment. By taking part, participants will contribute to an effort to advance the health of generations to come. As promising as the concept of precision medicine truly is if we are to truly change the treatment paradigm and ensure that the medicines and prevention strategies people are using actually work for them, those who have traditionally been under-represented in research need to participate. These conversations are not easy and will take purposeful time and effort to build trust toward action—we need precision engagement. This talk will provide an overview of the All of Us Research Program and its goals; outline the All of Us transformational approach to diversity, participation, and data access; and describe the program's approach to precision engagement to address value and build trust.
Citation Format: Dara Richardson-Heron. The All of Us Research Program and precision engagement [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.
Abstract IA28: Advocate Perspective: Diversity in research: A missing link to eliminate health disparities
Authors: Segarra-Vazquez Barbara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The literature shows that whites, mostly males, make up the majority (more than 80%) of the participants in cancer treatment and prevention studies. This is of great concern as the finding of these studies are generalized among different population groups. The federal government began taking action to address diversity in research since 1993 with the National Institute of Health Revitalization Act directed to increase participation of women and minorities in clinical research. Other government initiatives and programs have followed, such as the Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act, National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities, and Excellence Center to Eliminate Ethnic and Racial Disparities, among others. Despite the government's efforts to increase diversity in research for more than 25 years, women and racial/ethnic minorities continue to be under-represented. Furthermore, as we keep moving into the era of precision medicine, fast-accumulating evidence suggests that the gap will grow even bigger. Understanding molecular biology in health disparities of cancer across populations and studying the interaction of biologic factors and other factors that contribute to the differences in cancer burden should become even more a research priority. To increase the participation of women and minorities in research, strategies such as having recruitment as a separate criterion in research proposal evaluations could result in a more thorough approach. This could lead to the consideration of cultural as well as other important aspects of the population group of interest. Also, specific strategies to overcome patients' barriers to enrollment in research should be implemented. In order to address under-representation in research, one has to consider tackling diversity from many angles. Diversity goes beyond recruiting diverse populations. Attention should also be given to diversity in researchers, research teams, study sections, research staff, physicians recruiting for clinical trials, and patient advocates. Moreover, journals and their editors play a key role in reducing the gap.
Citation Format: Barbara Segarra-Vazquez. Advocate Perspective: Diversity in research: A missing link to eliminate health disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA28.
Abstract IA32: Liver cancer screening—How much progress have we really made?
Authors: Singal Amit G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Given an aging population of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and a growing population of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the incidence of HCC is anticipated to continue rising over the next 20 years. HCC disproportionally affects racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States, with higher age-specific rates among non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic white, and Asian persons compared to non-Hispanic whites. Studies have also suggested racial and ethnic disparities in HCC early detection, treatment receipt, and prognosis, with Black and Hispanic patients with HCC having worse overall survival than White and Asian patients. One of the strongest determinants of HCC-related prognosis is tumor burden at the time of diagnosis, with curative options only available for patients diagnosed at an early stage. Patients detected at an early stage can be treated with curative therapies such as liver transplantation or surgical resection, achieving 5-year survival rates exceeding 60%, whereas those detected at more advanced stages are only amenable to palliative therapies, with a median survival of 1-2 years. Therefore, several professional societies recommend HCC screening in at-risk patients (most notably patients with chronic hepatitis B infection or those with cirrhosis from any etiology) with an abdominal ultrasound and a blood test, alpha fetoprotein, every 6 months. HCC screening has been associated with improved early detection, increased curative treatment, and improved survival in several cohort studies. However, HCC screening is underused in clinical practice, with fewer than 20% of at-risk patients receiving consistent semiannual HCC screening. Studies suggest lower HCC screening receipt in racial/ethnic minorities and persons of low socioeconomic status, although no studies have been sufficiently large to evaluate intersectionality of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Survey studies suggest several provider-level and patient-level barriers to HCC screening that likely must be addressed to increase HCC screening, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged patients and those being followed outside of tertiary care referral centers. Although few studies have evaluated interventions to increase HCC screening, some have yielded early promising results.
Citation Format: Amit G. Singal. Liver cancer screening—How much progress have we really made? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA32.
Abstract IA39: A family-focused lay health worker approach to promote smoking cessation, healthy eating, and physical activity among Asian Americans
Authors: Tsoh Janice Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cigarette use, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity are the leading modifiable risk factors for cancer. These preventable risk factors remain prevalent among some Asian American groups. For example, smoking prevalence remains disproportionately high among Chinese, Korean, or Vietnamese immigrant men with limited English proficiency. More than half of Asian American adults do not meet physical activity recommendations (at least 150 minutes of moderate or vigorous exercise weekly) or have a body-mass index (BMI) above the WHO recommended cut-off point for Asian populations (at BMI &gt;23). The Healthy Family Project, a community-based research program to promote healthy living among Asian Americans, was started in 2012 with research support from the California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The program developed a family-focused lay health worker intervention to promote smoking cessation by engaging both current smokers and their families together with their peers. Since 2012, the Healthy Family Project has expanded to address multiple risks factors beyond cigarette smoking to include reduction of secondhand smoke exposure and promotion of healthy eating and physical activity among at-risk Asian Americans. The intervention curriculum is available in Chinese, English, Korean, and Vietnamese languages. A new program targeting Korean Americans is being launched in the San Francisco Bay Area of California in the fall of 2018. Since 2012, the Healthy Family Project has delivered the intervention to more than 520 smoker-family dyads (or &gt;1,000 individuals). The program has been able to successfully engage participants who are not ready to quit smoking and have little knowledge of the recommended nutrition or physical activity levels. The program completion rates across different trials have been consistently above 95%, and follow-up rates at 3 to 12 months are above 90%. The presentation will highlight the health risk behavior profile of 680 Asian Americans enrolled in one of the ongoing trials, present the Healthy Family Project intervention model, and discuss current health behavior outcomes and implications. A family-focused lay health worker approach is a promising intervention platform to promote health behavior change and facilitate cancer prevention education in Asian American communities.
Citation Format: Janice Y. Tsoh. A family-focused lay health worker approach to promote smoking cessation, healthy eating, and physical activity among Asian Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA39.
Abstract IA46: Medical financial hardship in the United States
Authors: Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of cancer survivorship is increasing in the United States, reflecting an aging and growing population as well as earlier detection of cancer and improved treatments, resulting in longer survival following diagnosis. The costs associated with cancer survivorship are also expected to increase, based only on these population changes. Recent trends towards increasing costs of cancer treatment are further straining budgets for health care payers, and corresponding trends towards greater patient cost-sharing, with higher deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance rates, are straining budgets for cancer patients and their families. As a result, concerns about the costs of cancer care and medical financial hardship, including problems paying medical bills, financial distress, and delaying or forgoing medical care due to costs, are increasingly common. This presentation will discuss risk factors for medical financial hardship in cancer survivors, including patient sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., poverty, minority race/ethnicity, rural residence), lack of health insurance coverage, and aspects of health insurance benefit design among the insured. It will also identify research gaps at the patient and family, provider and care team, health care system, employer, and state and national policy levels.
Citation Format: K. Robin Yabroff. Medical financial hardship in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA46.