bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular methods for tracking residual P. falciparum transmission in a close-to-elimination setting in Zanzibar
Authors: Grossenbacher Benjamin , Holzschuh Aurel , Hofmann Natalie , Omar Kali Abdullah , Stuck Logan , Fakih Bakar Shariff , Ali Abdullah S. , Yukich Joshua , Hetzel Manuel W , Felger Ingrid 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Molecular detection of low-density Plasmodium falciparum infections is essential for surveillance studies conducted to inform malaria control strategies in close-to-elimination settings. Molecular monitoring of residual malaria infections usually requires a large study size, therefore sampling and diagnostic processes need to be economical and optimized for high-throughput. In a method comparison, we aimed at identifying the most efficient diagnostic procedure for processing large collections of community samples with optimal test sensitivity, simplicity, and minimal costs.Methods In a reactive case detection study conducted on Zanzibar, parasitemia of 4590 individuals of all ages was investigated by a highly sensitive quantitative (q) PCR that targets multiple var gene copies per parasite genome. To reduce cost, a first round of positivity screening was performed on pools of dried blood spots from five individuals. Ten cycles of a pre-PCR were performed directly on the filter paper punches, followed by qPCR. In a second round, samples of positive pools were individually analyzed by pre-PCR and qPCR.Results Prevalence in household members and neighbors of index cases was 1.7% (78/4590) with a geometric mean parasite density of 58 parasites/µl blood. Using qPCR as gold standard, diagnostic sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) was 37% (29/78). Infections positive by qPCR but negative by RDT had mean densities of 15 parasites/µl blood. Conclusion The approach of pre-screening reactive case detection samples in pools of five was ideal for a low prevalence setting such as in Zanzibar. Performing direct PCR on filter paper punches saves substantial time and justifies the higher cost for a polymerase suitable for amplifying DNA directly from whole blood. Molecular monitoring in community samples provided a more accurate picture of infection prevalence compared to RDT results alone, by identifying a reservoir of infection which is largely missed by RDT. qPCR as a research and surveillance tool can great benefits the evaluation of strategies or programs to eliminate malaria.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the cotton defense mechanism in response to Verticillium dahliae in the presence of the biocontrol fungus Chaetomium globosum CEF-082
Authors: Zhang Yun , Yang Na , Zhao Lihong , Zhu Heqin , Tang Canming 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Verticillium wilt of cotton is a serious soil-borne disease that causes a substantial reduction in cotton yields. A previous study showed that the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum CEF-082 could control Verticillium wilt of cotton, and induce a defense response in cotton plants. However, the comprehensive molecular mechanism governing this response is not clear. Results: To study the signalling mechanism induced by CEF-082, the transcriptome of cotton seedlings pretreated with CEF-082 was sequenced. The results revealed 5638 DEGs at 24 h post inoculation with CEF-082, and 2921 and 2153 DEGs at 12 and 48 h post inoculation with Verticillium dahliae, respectively. At 24 h post inoculation with CEF-082, KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched mainly in the plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signalling pathway-plant, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. There were 1209 DEGs specifically induced only in cotton plants inoculated with V. dahliae in the presence of the biocontrol fungus CEF-082, and not when cotton plants were only inoculated with V. dahliae. GO enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were enriched mainly in the following terms: ROS metabolic process, H2O2 metabolic process, defense response, superoxide dismutase activity, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, many genes, such as ERF, CNGC, FLS2, MYB, GST and CML genes, were identified that regulate crucial points in defence-related pathways and that may contribute to V. dahliae resistance in cotton. These results provide a basis for the understanding of the molecular mechanism by which biocontrol fungus CEF-082 increased the resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that CEF-082 could regulate multiple metabolic pathways in cotton. After treatment with V. dahliae, the defense response of cotton plants preinoculated with CEF-082 was strengthened.
The acute effects of resistance training on fatigue in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Grongstad Anita , Vøllestad Nina Køpke , Oldervoll Line Merethe , Spruit Martijn A , Edvardsen Anne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Sarcoidosis-related fatigue and skeletal muscle dysfunction are frequent symptoms in patients with sarcoidosis. Despite lacking knowledge whether high-intensity resistance training (RT) will worsen fatigue, low to moderate intensity is commonly recommended. This study aimed to investigate whether a single session of high-intensity RT will induce a larger acute increase in fatigue than a single RT session of moderate-intensity. Methods: In this crossover study, 41 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (age: 53 ± 11 yr) were recruited. They randomly performed one session of high-intensity, 4 sets x 5 repetitions maximum (5RM), and one session of moderate-intensity, 2 sets x 25 RM. Fatigue was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale (0-100 mm) before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 24 hours after (T2) each exercise session. Results: Fatigue development from T0 to T1 was significantly lower after 5RM (– 3 ± 18 mm) than after 25RM (5 ± 15 mm), p = 0.004. No difference was seen from T0 to T2 between 5RM (0 ± 17 mm) and 25RM (6 ± 18 mm), p = 0.147. Conclusion: Since the 5RM session did not induce a larger increase in fatigue than the 25RM session, a single session of RT thus appears feasible and safe in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis irrespective of the RT intensity. The long-term effects of high-intensity RT on fatigue should be explored in a RT program of longer duration.
The implications of platelet count changes during hospitalization in the disease management of pediatric patients with bronchiolitis
Authors: Sun Huiming , Xu Hua , Wang Ting , Yan Yongdong , Ji Wei , Zhu Canhong , Wang Yuqing , Hao Chuangli , Chen Zhengrong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The clinical implications of platelet count changes in patients with bronchiolitis throughout hospitalization have not been extensively investigated. We aimed to investigate the significance of platelet count on admission and platelet count changes during hospitalization in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis. Methods: Clinical data from 559 consecutive patients hospitalized for bronchiolitis were collected and compared after grouping according to the platelet count on admission and the delta platelet count during hospitalization (the platelet count on discharge minus the platelet count on admission; Group A, delta platelet count ≤ -50 × 109/L; Group B, -50 × 109/L < delta platelet count ≤ 50 × 109/L; Group C, delta platelet count > 50 × 109/L). Results: Thrombocytosis was found in 122 (21.8%) patients, while 437 (78.2%) patients had a normal platelet count on admission. There was no difference in disease severity between these two groups. Groups A, B, and C comprised 79 (14.1%), 179 (32.0%), and 301 (53.9%) patients, respectively. The patients from Group A had a higher platelet count on admission, a lower platelet count on discharge, and a longer hospitalization duration. These patients had a lower concentration of C-reactive protein, longer periods of oxygen therapy and stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and a greater frequency of mechanical ventilation than the patients from Group B or Group C. Notably, among all the patients, the delta platelet count [63 (-3–142) × 109/L] negatively correlated with the numbers of days of oxygen therapy [4.0 (3.0–6.0), day] (r = -0.186, P = 0.027) and stay in the PICU [5.0 (3.0–6.0), day] (r = -0.391, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Repeated assessment of platelet count during hospitalization in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis may provide useful information for disease management.
Plasma concentrations of NOX4 are predictive of successful liberation from mechanical ventilation and 28-day mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Hong Yoonki , Park So Yeong , Woo Seong Ji , Kim Youngmi , Lee Jae Jun , Hong Ji Young 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) enzymes play important roles in generating reactive oxygen species; in particular, NOX4 plays a distinct role in regulating lung inflammation and apoptosis. Methods: We determined whether plasma NOX4 level can be used as a prognostic biomarker to guide weaning from mechanical ventilation. Plasma levels of NOX4 were measured at days 1 (NOX4d1) and 7(NOX4d7) after initiation of mechanical ventilation in 184 patients. Results: Median NOX4d7 levels in patients with extubation failure were significantly higher than those in patients with extubation success (24.2 ng/mL vs.15.2 ng/mL, P<0.001). On multivariate logistic regression, SOFA≥8 (odds ratio[OR]:2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–5.59), mechanical ventilation time>11 days (OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.62–6.99), APACHE score >21 (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.03–4.52) and NOX4d7>18.2 ng/mL (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.49–6.57) were associated with extubation failure.NOX4d7 level >18.2 ng/mL (hazard ratio[HR], 2.17; 95% CI, 1.19–3.97), coexisting cancer (HR: 2.22; 95% CI, 1.12–4.38), SOFA≥8 (HR: 2.06; 95% CI, 1.12–3.81) and APACHE>21 (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.05–3.18) were independently associated with 28-day mortality. Conclusions: Plasma NOX4 levels may help predict successful liberation from mechanical ventilation and 28-day mortality.
The role of high-risk HPV genotyping in the detection of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer in women with negative cytology but positivity for HPV: A hospital-based investigation in northeastern China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Deyu , Yang Zhuo , Wang Xiaobin , Wang Danbo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test has a higher sensitivity for the detection of cervical precancerous lesions than cytology can provide. The present study aimed to analyze the prevalence of hrHPV genotypes and evaluate the role of HPV genotyping triage in the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, adenocarcinoma in situ and cervical cancer (HSIL+) in women with negative cytology but hrHPV positivity.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed in women who underwent co-screening at the China Medical University-affiliated Shengjing Hospital between 2012 and 2014.

Results: Of the 34,587 women, 2,665 women were eligible for analysis with negative cytology and hrHPV positivity. In HSIL+ groups of 204 women, the common genotypes were HPV16, HPV52, HPV58, HPV33, HPV31 and HPV18. The detection rate of histological HSIL+ in women with HPV16 or HPV33 was significantly higher than that in patients with other hrHPV genotypes (P = 0.00, P = 0.03, respectively). The detection rates of histological HSIL+ in women infected with HPV33 or HPV31 had no significantly difference compared to women infected with HPV16 (P = 0.29, P = 0.19, respectively).The odds ratio (OR) for histological HSIL+ in women with HPV16/18/31/33 was higher than that in women with HPV16/18 (4.21 vs. 3.26). The OR for histological HSIL+ was 5.73 in women with HPV16/18/31/33/52/58. The addition of HPV31/33 genotyping to that of HPV16/18 increased the rate of HSIL+ detection from 63.2% to 77.5% (P = 0.002). Moreover, the colposcopy per HSIL+ detection ratio only increased slightly from 7.7 to 8.1.

Conclusion: HPV genotyping played an important role in managing women with negative cytology but hrHPV positivity. In northeastern China, the addition of HPV31/33 genotyping to that of HPV16/18 is deemed necessary in triaging women with a positive HPV test.
Effects of Low Versus Standard Pressure Pneumoperitoneum on Renal Syndecan-1 Shedding and VEGF Receptor-2 Expression in Living-donor Nephrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Mochtar Chaidir Arif , Lydia Aida , Siregar Nuryati Chairani , Margyaningsih Nur Ita , Madjid Amir Sjarifuddin , Suwarto Suhendro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a preferred technique for living kidney donation. However, positive-pressure pneumoperitoneum may have an unfavorable effect on the remaining kidney and other distant organs due to inflamed vascular endothelium and renal tubular cell injury in response to increased systemic inflammation. Early detection of vascular endothelial and renal tubular response is needed to prevent further kidney injury due to increased intraabdominal pressure induced by pneumoperitoneum. Transperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy represented a human model of mild increasing intraabdominal pressure. This study aimed to assess the effect of increased intraabdominal pressure on vascular endothelium and renal tubular cells by comparing the effects of low and standard pressure pneumoperitoneum on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) expression and the shedding of syndecan-1 as the early markers to a systemic inflammation.
Methods
We conducted a prospective randomized study on 44 patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Subjects were assigned to standard (12 mmHg) or low pressure (8 mmHg) groups. Baseline, intraoperative, and postoperative plasma interleukin-6, syndecan-1, and sVEGFR-2 were quantified by ELISA. Syndecan-1 and VEGFR-2 expression were assessed immunohistochemically in renal cortex tissue. Renal tubule and peritubular capillary ultrastructures were examined using electron microscopy. Perioperative hemodynamic changes, end-tidal CO2, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary KIM-1 were recorded.
Results
The low pressure group showed lower intra- and postoperative heart rate, intraoperative plasma IL-6, sVEGFR-2 levels and plasma syndecan-1 than standard pressure group. Proximal tubule syndecan-1 expression was higher in the low pressure group. Proximal-distal tubules and peritubular capillary endothelium VEGFR-2 expression were lower in low pressure group. The low pressure group showed renal tubule and peritubular capillary ultrastructure with intact cell membranes, clear cell boundaries, and intact brush borders, while standard pressure group showed swollen nuclei, tenuous cell membrane, distant boundaries, vacuolizations, and detached brush borders.
Conclusion
The low pressure pneumoperitoneum attenuated the inflammatory response and resulted in reduction of syndecan-1 shedding and VEGFR-2 expression as the renal tubular and vascular endothelial proinflammatory markers to injury due to a systemic inflammation in laparoscopic nephrectomy.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov NCT:03219398, July 17th 2017.
Keywords: pneumoperitoneum, renal resistive index, interleukin-6, syndecan-1, sVEGFR-2, laparoscopic nephrectomy
Epidemiology of acute rubella infection in Zambia during the pre-vaccination period (2005 – 2016) as a baseline for monitoring rubella epidemiology in the post-rubella vaccine introduction era
Authors: Mazaba Mazyanga Lucy , Siziya Seter , Monze Mwaka , Cohen Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Rubella is highly under reported in Zambia as in most sub-Saharan countries despite being a disease of major public health concern especially among women of childbearing age. In September 2016, Zambia introduced a combined measles-rubella vaccine in children 0-14 years. In this study, we estimated the proportion positive for acute rubella among suspected but negative measles cases between 2005 and 2016 and determined its correlates for monitoring rubella epidemiology post-rubella vaccine introduction.
Methods: In a retrospective study, 4497 measles IgM negative serum samples from 5686 clinically suspected measles cases were examined for rubella IgM antibodies using the Siemens, Enzygnost® ELISA kit at the national measles laboratory. Data on demographics, year and month of onset were extracted from the surveillance data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using backward variable selection was conducted to determine independent predictors for acute rubella. The magnitude of association was estimated using adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.
Results: Overall, a proportion of 29.2% (1313/4497) affecting mostly those between 5 and 24 years was determined. Only age, province, month and year were independently associated with acute rubella. The regional proportions varied from 21.8 – 37.3% peaking in the month of October. Persons in the age group 10-14 years (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=2.43; 95% CI [2.01 - 2.95]) were more likely while those aged <1 year less likely (AOR=0.31; 95% CI [021 - 0.48]) to have acute rubella compared to those aged 25 years or older. Persons in 2010 were less likely (AOR=0.12; CI [0.05, 0.28]) to have acute rubella compared to those in 2016. While acute rubella was more likely to occur between July and November compared to December, it was less likely to occur between February and May.
Conclusions: Rubella virus was circulating in Zambia between 2005 and 2016 affecting mostly persons in the age group 5-24 years peaking in the hot dry season month of October. Although vaccination against rubella has been launched, these baseline data are important to provide a reference point when determining the impact of the vaccination program implemented.
Keywords: Rubella, Acute, Proportion, Correlates, Zambia, Pre vaccination era, Immunisation
Evaluación de las competencias investigativas en los estudiantes de maestría de la Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira mediante el uso de modelos de regresión multinivel
Authors: Moros Briceño José Alexy 
Published: November 2019

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo aplicar el análisis multinivel para el ajuste de un modelo multinivel dirigido a la evaluación de las competencias de los estudiantes de maestría de la Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, Venezuela. Teóricamente el modelo analiza la variabilidad entre los estudiantes dentro de cada maestría (nivel 1) y entre las maestrías (nivel 2), cuya hipótesis inicial establece que los estudiantes de una misma maestría poseen similares competencias investigativas respecto a quienes pertenecen a otras maestrías. Se apoyó en un estudio explicativo, correlacional y cuasi experimental. La muestra fue de 225 estudiantes, aplicándoles un instrumento estructurado en dos partes: una de 12 ítems en escala nominal para medir variables personales y académicas, y otra en escala Likert de 40 ítems para evaluar las competencias investigativas. Se obtuvo que existen diferencias significativas entre las maestrías respecto a las competencias investigativas, porque el coeficiente de correlación intraclase ( ρ=0,142) del modelo nulo impide el cumplimiento de la hipótesis de independencia: Los estudiantes de una misma maestría poseen similares competencias investigativas en comparación a quienes son de otra maestría, es apropiado el análisis multinivel. Luego, se incorporaron variables predictoras de los niveles: maestrías, estudiantes y ambos niveles, obteniéndose el siguiente modelo multinivel: COINij=1,3376*CMLc+2,5882*CML1,0031*ST1*CMLc+uoj+eij.
Implementasi Fungsi Planning di Sekolah dalam Kerangka Manajemen Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Ridwan Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

Fungsi planning dalam manajemen pendidikan Islam merupakan sebuah strategi yang dapat diwujudkan dalam sebuah keputusan dan tindakan yang dilakukan selama waktu tertentu sesuai dengan jangka waktu perencanaan agar penyelenggaraan sistem pendidikan menjadi lebih efektif dan efesien serta menghasilkan lulusan lembaga pendidikan yang bermutu dan relevan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat. Sebagai upaya peningkatkan efektifitas dan efeisensi kerja suatu organisasi pendidikan perhitungan-perhitungan secara teliti sudah harus dilakukan pada fase perencanaan pendidikan dan memfungsikannya secara optimal. Untuk itu dalam proses merencanakan perencanaan pendidikan prinsip-prinsip perencanaan harus mencerminkan nilai-nilai kebaikan dan rasa tanggung jawab bagin setiap individu dalam lembaga pendidikan. Sangat diperlukannya upaya penyadaran, serta pembinaan oleh kepala sekolah akan pentingnya implementasi sistem planning dalam manajemen sekolah dengan melibatkan guru dan sumber daya sekolah yang ada secara langsung terutama dalam proses kegiatan perencanaan sekolah.
Determinant Factors of Depression in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Nur'aeni Aan , Mirwanti Ristina , Anna Anastasia , Nurhidayah Ikeu 
Published: November 2019

Depression has been related to poor quality of life and recurrence in CHD patients. It is important to explore factors associated with the depression to prevent problems and to assist with appropriate intervention. Furthermore, the determinants of depression in CHD patients in Indonesia are still unknown. This study aimed to identify the determinants of depression in CHD patients in Indonesia. This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were recruited from outpatient care in a referral hospital in Bandung using a consecutive sampling technique for a-2 month period (n=101). Data were collected using a questionnaire package consisting of a demographic questionnaire, Beck Depression Index [BDI] (II), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Seattle Angina Questionnaire, and Spirituality Index of Well-Being. Data were analyzed using mean, frequency distribution, chi-square and logistic regression analysis. In terms of its association with depression in CHD patients, low spiritual well-being had the highest odds ratio [OR] (OR = 9.3, 95% CI = 2.968 - 29.451, p <0.01); non-anxious state and medication history had low ORs (sequentially OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.067 - 0.644, p < 0.01; OR=0.2 95% CI = 0.062 - 0.772, p < 0.01); PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) with medication had the lowest OR value (OR = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.002 - 0.278, p <0.01). On the other hand, unmarried status and male gender were identified as confounding variables. Low spiritual well-being was a major predictor of depression in CHD patients, whereas no anxiety, and history of medication, consist of CHD medication and reperfusion therapy contributed to a lower risk of depression. It is recommended to include strategies in improving spiritual well being and managing anxiety to reduce the risk of depression among CHD patients.