bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining key design elements of registry-based randomised controlled trials: a scoping review
Authors: Karanatsios Bill , Prang Khic-Houy , Verbunt Ebony , Yeung Justin M. , Kelaher Margaret , Gibbs Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Traditional randomised controlled trials remain the gold standard for improving clinical care but they do have their limitations, including their associated high costs, high failure rate and limited external validity. An alternative methodology is the newly defined, prospective, registry-based randomised controlled trial (RRCT), where treatment and outcome data is collected in an existing registry. This scoping review explores the current literature regarding RRCTs to help identify the key design elements of RRCTs and the characteristics of clinical registries on which they are reliant on.

Methods
A scoping review methodology conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines was performed. Four databases were searched for articles published from inception to June 2018: Medline; Embase; the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and; Scopus. The search strategy included MeSH and text words related to RRCT.

Results
We identified 2369 articles of which 75 were selected for full-text screening. Of these, only 17 articles satisfied our inclusion criteria. All studies were published between 1996 and 2017 and all were investigator-initiated. Study designs were mainly multi-site comparative/effectiveness studies incorporating the use of disease registries (n = 8), procedure registries (n = 8) and a health services registry (n = 1). The low cost, reduced administrative burden and enhanced external validity of RRCTs make them an attractive research methodology which can be used to address questions of public health importance. We identified that that there are variable definitions of what constituted a RRCT and that issues related to ethical conduct and data integrity, completeness, timeliness, validation and endpoint adjudication need to be carefully addressed.

Conclusion
RRCTs potentially have an important role to play in informing best clinical practice and health policy. There are a number of issues that need to be addressed to optimise the utility of this approach, including establishing universally accepted criteria for the definition of a RRCT.
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of home- and gym-based resistance exercise training on glycaemic control, body composition and muscle strength
Authors: Al Ozairi Ebaa , Alsaeed Dalal , Taliping Dennis , Jalali Mohamad , El Samad Abeer , Mashankar Anant , Taghadom Etab , Guess Nicola , Gill Jason M. R. , Sattar Naveed , Gray Cindy , Welsh Paul , Gray Stuart R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundResistance exercise is known to be effective in reducing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with type 2 diabetes. However, studies, so far, have employed supervised resistance exercise in a laboratory or gym facility which limits the future translation of such exercise in to clinical practice and recommendations. Our primary aim, therefore, is to test the hypothesis, in a randomized controlled trial, that home-based resistance exercise training and gym-based resistance exercise training both reduce HbA1c levels in people with type 2 diabetes compared to control. We will also investigate the effects of home- and gym-based resistance exercise training on muscle strength and body composition.MethodsThe current study is a three-arm randomised controlled trial which will be conducted with 150 eligible people with type 2 diabetes to compare home-and gym-based resistance exercise training with usual care in Kuwait. The interventions will be delivered by exercise specialists and last for 32 weeks. The primary outcomes are HbA1c with secondary outcomes measuring muscle function, body composition, physical activity and quality of life.DiscussionEthical approval has been granted by the Dasman Diabetes Institute ethical review committee (RA/197/2019). Study findings will be disseminated through presentation at scientific conferences and in scientific journals.Trial registrationNCT04136730: Retrospectively registered on 21 October 2019
Clinical efficacy evaluation of a traditional Miao technique of crossbow needle therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a multi-center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fu Jing , Shang Hong-Cai , Wang Li-Ying , Zhao Chen , Yang Xiao-Fang , Guo Wei-Wei , Lu Chun-Xia , Cui Jin , Wang Yan-Ping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) seriously reduces quality of life and is a major threat to the health of the middle-aged and elderly. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Miao crossbow needle therapy vs. acupuncture for KOA therapy.

Methods
This multicenter, randomized controlled trial was performed at three hospitals between April 2016 and December 2016. The patients were randomized to receive crossbow needle (CN) or acupuncture (AT). All treatments were completed within 46 days. Evaluation of treatment was conducted on the 46th, 62nd, and 77th days. The primary endpoint was change of Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score on the 46th day. The secondary endpoints included WOMAC score, the Lysholm knee score, the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) knee score, visual analog scale (VAS), and the MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), on the 46th, 62nd, and 77th day.

Results
Finally, data of 301 participants were analyzed for the efficacy of treatment. Compared with AT, there was a larger change of WOMAC score in the CN group after treatment [− 25.0 (95% CI − 27.0, − 23.0) vs. − 18.8 (95% CI − 20.8, − 16.9), P < 0.001]. In the CN group, the WOMAC score was lower at all three time points (P = 0.008, P = 0.003, P < 0.001 respectively), while the Lysholm knee score (P = 0.03) and JOA score (P = 0.013) were higher and the VAS score (P = 0.011) was lower on the 77th day.

Conclusion
Both Miao crossbow needle therapy and acupuncture reduced the WOMAC score. Miao crossbow needle therapy can be an alternative method for treating patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Trial registration
ChiCTR, ChiCTR-INR-16008032. Registered on 12 March 2016.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Columbia lance nematode, Hoplolaimus columbus, a major agricultural pathogen in North America
Authors: Ma Xinyuan , Agudelo Paula , Richards Vincent P. , Baeza J. Antonio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The plant-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus columbus is a pathogen that uses a wide range of hosts and causes substantial yield loss in agricultural fields in North America. This study describes, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. columbus from South Carolina, USA.

Methods
The mitogenome of H. columbus was assembled from Illumina 300 bp pair-end reads. It was annotated and compared to other published mitogenomes of plant-parasitic nematodes in the superfamily Tylenchoidea. The phylogenetic relationships between H. columbus and other 6 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were examined using protein-coding genes (PCGs).

Results
The mitogenome of H. columbus is a circular AT-rich DNA molecule 25,228 bp in length. The annotation result comprises 12 PCGs, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 19 transfer RNA genes. No atp8 gene was found in the mitogenome of H. columbus but long non-coding regions were observed in agreement to that reported for other plant-parasitic nematodes. The mitogenomic phylogeny of plant-parasitic nematodes in the superfamily Tylenchoidea agreed with previous molecular phylogenies. Mitochondrial gene synteny in H. columbus was unique but similar to that reported for other closely related species.

Conclusions
The mitogenome of H. columbus is unique within the superfamily Tylenchoidea but exhibits similarities in both gene content and synteny to other closely related nematodes. Among others, this new resource will facilitate population genomic studies in lance nematodes from North America and beyond.
Electro-oculography in bilateral optic neuropathy
Authors: Dahanayake Padmini , Dassanayake Tharaka L. , Pathirage Manoji , Senanayake Saman , Sedgwick Mike , Weerasinghe Vajira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective
Effect of bilateral, optic neuropathy on the function of retinal pigment epithelium has not been investigated extensively to date. This study aimed to determine the effect of bilateral, optic neuropathy on light peak:dark trough ratio, light peak and dark trough values of electro-oculography. Thirty-seven patients with a clinical diagnosis of bilateral optic neuropathy and 40 control subjects were recruited in this observational, cross-sectional study, carried out at the Neurophysiology unit, Teaching Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials, pattern electroretinography and electro-oculography were recorded in all of them.

Results
Twenty-four patients (64.9%) had reduced light peak:dark trough ratio values. The median light peak:dark trough ratio ± inter quartile range of the patient group (1.50 ± 0.4) was significantly lower than that of the controls (1.80 ± 0.2), (p < 0.001). Median dark trough value was significantly higher in patients compared to the control value. These changes may be due to higher conductance of ion channels in the retinal pigment epithelium, sub retinal space creation, changes in choroidal circulation or secondary to photoreceptor abnormalities in the macular region. These results indicate that retinal pigment epithelium might be affected in bilateral optic neuropathy.
Plant and mouse EB1 proteins have opposite intrinsic properties on the dynamic instability of microtubules
Authors: Molines Arthur T. , Stoppin-Mellet Virginie , Arnal Isabelle , Coquelle Frédéric M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective
Most eukaryotic cells contain microtubule filaments, which play central roles in intra-cellular organization. However, microtubule networks have a wide variety of architectures from one cell type and organism to another. Nonetheless, the sequences of tubulins, of Microtubule Associated proteins (MAPs) and the structure of microtubules are usually well conserved throughout the evolution. MAPs being known to be responsible for regulating microtubule organization and dynamics, this raises the question of the conservation of their intrinsic properties. Indeed, knowing how the intrinsic properties of individual MAPs differ between organisms might enlighten our understanding of how distinct microtubule networks are built. End-Binding protein 1 (EB1), first described as a MAP in yeast, is conserved in plants and mammals. The intrinsic properties of the mammalian and the yeast EB1 proteins have been well described in the literature but, to our knowledge, the intrinsic properties of EB1 from plant and mammals have not been compared thus far.

Results
Here, using an in vitro assay, we discovered that plant and mammalian EB1 purified proteins have different intrinsic properties on microtubule dynamics. Indeed, the mammalian EB1 protein increases microtubules dynamic while the plant EB1 protein stabilizes them.
A pilot study on a potential relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?
Authors: Tomita Daichi , Suga Tadashi , Terada Masafumi , Tanaka Takahiro , Miyake Yuto , Ueno Hiromasa , Otsuka Mitsuo , Nagano Akinori , Isaka Tadao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance.

Results
There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters (r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.
Effects of continuous cropping of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) on its endophytic and soil bacterial community by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Li Miao , Yang Fuzhen , Wu Xianyu , Yan Hai , Liu Yang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
As a major sugar crop, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plays an important role in both sugar industry and feed products. Soil, acts as the substrate for plant growth, provides not only nutrients to plants but also a habitat for soil microorganisms. High soil fertility and good micro-ecological environment are basic requirements for obtaining high-yield and high-sugar sugar beets. This study aimed at exploring the effects of continuous cropping of sugar beet on its endophytic, soil bacterial community structures, and diversity.

Methods
Using high-throughput sequencing technology which is based on Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform, the seeds of sugar beet (sample S), non-continuous cropping sugar beet (sample Bn) with its rhizosphere soil (sample Sr), and planting soil (sample Sn), continuous cropping sugar beet (sample Bc) with its planting soil (sample Sc), were collected as research materials.

Result
The results showed that the bacterial communities and diversity in each sample exhibited different OTU richness; 67.9% and 63.8% of total endophytic OTUs from samples Bc and Bn shared with their planting soil samples Sc and Sn, while sharing 36.4% and 31.8% of total OTUs with their seed sample S. Pseudarthrobacter and Bacillus as the two major groups coexisted among all samples, and other shared groups belonged to Achromobacter, Sphingomonas, Novosphingobium, Terribacillus, Planococcus, Paracoccus, Nesterenkonia, Halomonas, and Nocardioides. Genera, including Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Weissella, Leuconostoc, and Acinetobacter, were detected in each sugar beet sample but not in their corresponding soil sample. In this study, the bacterial community structures and soil compositions have significantly changed before and after continuous cropping; however, the effects of continuous cropping on endophytic bacteria of sugar beet were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
This study would provide a scientific basis and reference information for in-depth research on correlations between continuous cropping and micro-ecological environment of sugar beet plant.
The initial-boundary value problem for a class of third order pseudoparabolic equations
Authors: Feng Yanqing , Guo Limin , Wang Zhongying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a priori estimate for a linear third pseudoparabolic operator with bound is established, and applying the above result, the existence and uniqueness theorem of solutions for a class of nonlinear pseudoparabolic equations is obtained with the help of the homeomorphism method and the initial value method. Furthermore, an existence and uniqueness theorem of the semilinear equation is obtained as a corollary.
Very high baseline HIV viremia impairs efficacy of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART: a long-term observation in treatment-naïve patients
Authors: Chen Shuai , Han Yang , Song Xiao-Jing , Li Yan-ling , Zhu Ting , Lu Hong-Zhou , Tang Xiao-Ping , Zhang Tong , Zhao Min , He Yun , He Sheng-Hua , Wang Min , Li Yong-Zhen , Huang Shao-Biao , Li Yong , Liu Jing , Cao Wei , Li Tai-Sheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is not completely clear whether a very high pre-therapy viral load (≥ 500 000 copies/ml) can impair the virological response. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of very high baseline HIV-RNA levels on long-term virological responses under one type of regimen.MethodsA retrospective study was performed based on data from two multicenter cohorts in China from January to November 2009, and from May 2013 to December 2015. Untreated HIV infected adults between 18 and 65 years old were recruited before receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen. All patients had baseline HIV-RNA levels over 500 copies/ml, good adherence, and were followed for at least 24 weeks. Virological suppression was defined as the first HIV-RNA < 50 copies/ml. Virological failure was defined as any of incomplete viral suppression (HIV-RNA ≥ 200 copies/ml without virological suppression within 24 weeks of treatment) and viral rebound (confirmed HIV-RNA level ≥ 50 copies/ml after virological suppression). Chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards model and Logistic regression were used to compare virological response between each pretreated viral load stratum.ResultsA total of 758 treatment-naïve HIV patients in China were enlisted. Median follow-up time (IQR) was 144 (108–276) weeks. By week 48, rates of virological suppression in three groups (< 100 000, 100 000–500 000 and ≥ 500 000 copies/ml) were 94.1, 85.0, and 63.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Very high baseline HIV viremia over 500 000 copies/ml were found to be associated with delayed virological suppression (≥ 500 000 vs <  100 000, adjusted relative hazard = 0.455, 95%CI: 0.32–0.65;P < 0.001) as well as incomplete viral suppression (≥ 500 000 vs < 100 000, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.084, 95%CI: 2.761–13.407;P < 0.001) and viral rebound (≥ 50 000 vs < 100 000, aOR = 3.671, 95%CI: 1.009–13.355,P = 0.048).ConclusionsVery high levels of pre-treatment HIV-RNA were related with delayed efficacy of NNRTI-based ART and increased risk of treatment failure. More potent initial regimens should be considered for those with this clinical character.
Endoscopic myringoplasty: Comparison of double layer cartilage-perichondrium graft and single fascia grafting
Authors: Lou Zheng cai 
Published: June 2020

Objective To compare surgical results of endoscopic myringoplasty using double layer cartilage-perichondrium grafts versus single fascia grafts. Study design Prospective, randomized, controlled. Setting University-affiliated teaching hospital. Subjects and methods In total,134 patients who underwent endoscopic myringoplasty were included in this study. Patients in group A received a double layer tragal cartilage-perichondrium graft and those in group B received a temporal muscle fascia graft. The groups were compared with respect to the pre- and postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) and the graft success rate. Results The graft success rate was 98.5% (66/67) in the Group A and 94.0% (63/67) in the Group B at 6 months, the difference wasn't statistically significant ( p = 0.362). However, the graft success rate was 97.0% (65/67) in the Group A and 85.1% (57/67) in the Group B at 12 months, the difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.034). In addition, only one patient (1.49%) had small keratin pearls in the Group A, no patients developed cholesteatoma of middle ear in either group. Conclusions The endoscopic double layer perichondrium-cartilage graft technique is feasible for repairing medium or larger perforations, it has a better long-term graft success rate and less operative time compared with the single layer fascia graft technique. However, long-term hearing outcomes were the same for the single and double layer closure techniques.
Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation of the appendix with an abdominal abscess due to diverticulum perforation: a case report
Authors: Tanaka Tetsuya , Ueda Takeshi , Yokoyama Takashi , Harada Suzuka , Hatakeyama Kinta , Yoshimura Atsushi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation is a rare proliferative lesion of the submucosal stroma characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration, and is mainly reported in the urinary system.

Case presentation
We report a 65-year-old male who was referred to our emergency room with right-side iliac fossa pain. The pain gradually worsened for approximately 2 months, and rebound tenderness was positive. Blood examination showed severe inflammatory findings, and enhanced computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous contrast-enhancing mass lesion measured to be 55 × 50 mm in size at the lower right abdomen. Based on these results, the patient was diagnosed with appendicitis with an abdominal abscess. As the inflammation was severe, we drained the abscess before performing surgery. Approximately 1 month after the abscess diminished, interval appendectomy was performed. Macroscopic findings of the resected specimen showed a perforated diverticulum of the appendix and a small adjacent nodule measured to be 14 mm in size. Histopathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the nodule consisted of fibroblast proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination showed positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin and negative for S-100, c-kit, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Based on these histopathological results, we diagnosed the nodule as an unusual case of a pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation associated with perforation of the diverticulum of the appendix.

Conclusion
Herein, we report a rare case of a pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation that occurred in the appendix with diverticulitis.
Response of a rice insect pest, Scirpophaga incertulas (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in warmer world
Authors: Ali M. P. , Bari M. N. , Haque S. S. , Kabir M. M. M. , Nowrin F. , Choudhury T. R. , Mankin R. W. , Ahmed N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Increases in global mean temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, and extreme climatic events are expected results of climate change. The individual effects of elevated temperature and precipitation on insect pests due to the impact of climate change have been widely modeled individually but their combined effects are poorly understood.

Results
Ten years of monthly abundance of an important economic rice insect pest, the rice yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was modeled in relation to temperature and rainfall using cross-correlation functions, general linear models, ARIMA models and simple linear regressions. The results suggested that increasing temperature and rainfall separately had a positive effect on growth rate of YSB. However, the combined effect of high temperature and rainfall was negative Temperature affected abundance of YSB negatively at high rainfall, but positively at intermediate to low rainfall level. The growth rate of YSB was found to be high at relatively low temperature and abundant rainfall.

Conclusion
The combined effects of temperature and rainfall showed a quadratic response of YSB abundance, which indicated that outbreak risk of YSB may be reduced if climate change results in increasing temperature and rainfall. It should be noted that we could address only a few of the important factors which could influence our model prediction.