bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legitimizing a practice across fields: microprocesses of theorization of Design Thinking
Authors: Jha Harsh Kumar , Jacob Dimitry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLegitimizing a practice is a challenging task because it has to be constantly made understandable and meaningful to prospective users. Garnering such legitimacy is critical for successful practice diffusion and potential institutionalization. The process of theorization—rendering of ideas into understandable and compelling formats—is considered central to legitimacy construction. However, we still have a limited understanding of the specific mechanisms through which theorization happens. In this article, we address this issue by examining the microprocesses through which the practice of Design Thinking (DT) was theorized by its proponents in the field of business management. We undertook qualitative analysis, using grounded theory, of archival data. Our analysis revealed three key microprocesses: appropriation (presenting DT as a solution to abstract field-level problems), assimilation (integrating DT with current vocabularies and legacy practices within user organizations), and adaptation (redefining DT in order to resolve contradictions with legacy practices within organizations). This study makes two contributions. First, to the literature on theorization by explicating key microprocesses underlying theorization and providing a nuanced understanding of how legitimacy and theorization may be linked. Second, to the literature on management knowledge production, by showing how management practices and concepts may be contextualized and interlinked.
“A Very Bad Presidente in the House”: Workhouse Masters, Care, and Discipline in the Eighteenth-Century Workhouse
Authors: Ottaway Susannah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Although they linger in historical memory as “Pauper Bastilles,” in the long eighteenth century, English workhouses functioned in many ways as institutions of care, as well as places of discipline. This article uses an unusual set of source materials—including a Master’s Query Book—to examine the nature of workhouse discipline in the Leeds township workhouse in the mid-eighteenth century. A close analysis of this remarkable source allows us a clear view of both the structures of authority and the agency of poor inmates in this institution. Poor Law officials monitored material conditions in the workhouse—the provision of food, clothing, and medical care—with great attentiveness, ensuring inmates were kept in good health, while leaving records that reveal intensive surveillance of the material objects inside the house. The workhouse committee also, however, kept an eagle eye on the workhouse master, allowing inmates a direct line of complaint. Workhouse inmates responded to these conditions by vigorously resisting rules that restricted their freedom of movement inside and outside the institution. Masters in such institutions were intermediaries between parish governors and the poor, rather than “technicians of discipline.” At the same time, workhouse records show that children were far more vulnerable, subjected to discipline at the discretion of master and mistress; we must disaggregate their experiences from the general population of inmates. These findings conform well to a widening strand in the historiography that reveals Old Poor Law workhouses as complex, hybrid institutions.
Anterior Sensorimotor Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Is Associated With Improved Voice Function
Authors: Jorge Ahmed , Dastolfo-Hromack Christina , Lipski Witold J , Kratter Ian H , Smith Libby J , Gartner-Schmidt Jackie L , Richardson R Mark 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite the impact of Parkinson disease (PD) on speech communication, there is no consensus regarding the effect of lead location on voice-related outcomes in subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Objective
To determine the relationship of stimulation location to changes in cepstral analyses of voice following STN DBS.

Methods
Speech pathology evaluations were obtained from 14 PD subjects, before and after STN DBS, including audio-perceptual voice ratings (overall severity, loudness, hoarseness changes), measured indices of dysphonia (cepstral peak prominence and cepstral spectral index of dysphonia), and phonatory aerodynamics. The contact locations used for active stimulation at the time of postoperative voice evaluations were determined and assessed in relation to voice outcomes.

Results
Voice outcomes remained relatively unchanged on average. Stimulation locations in the anterior portion of the sensorimotor region of the left STN, however, were associated with improvements in voice severity scores, cepstral spectral index of dysphonia, shortness of breath, and phonatory airflow during connected speech. Posterior locations were associated with worsening of these outcomes. Variation in the medial-lateral or dorsal-ventral position on the left, and in any direction on the right, did not correlate with any voice outcome.

Conclusion
Active contact placement within the anterior sensorimotor STN was associated with improved perceptual and acoustic-aerodynamic voice-related outcomes. These findings suggest an STN topography for improving airflow for speech, in turn improving how PD patients’ voices sound.
CasRx-mediated RNA targeting prevents choroidal neovascularization in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Zhou Changyang , Hu Xinde , Tang Cheng , Liu Wenjia , Wang Shaoran , Zhou Yingsi , Zhao Qimeng , Bo Qiyu , Shi Linyu , Sun Xiaodong , Zhou Haibo , Yang Hui 
Published: March 2020

Summary
RNA-targeting CRISPR system Cas13 offers an efficient approach for manipulating RNA transcripts in vitro. In this perspective, we provide a proof-of-concept demonstration that Cas13-mediated Vegfa knockdown in vivo could prevent the development of laser-induced CNV in mouse model of Age-related macular degeneration.
TESS photometry of the eclipsing δ Scuti star AI Hydrae
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Hong Kyeongsoo , Kristiansen Martti H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
AI Hya has been known as an eclipsing binary with a monoperiodic $\delta$ Sct pulsator. We present the results from its TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) photometry observed during Sector 7. Including our five minimum epochs, the eclipse timing diagram displays the apsidal motion with a rate of $\dot{\omega } = 0.075 \pm 0.031\:$deg$\:$yr$^{-1}$, which corresponds to an apsidal period of $U = 4800\pm 2000\:$yr. The binary star model represents that the smaller, less massive primary component is $427\:$K hotter than the pulsating secondary, and our distance of $612\pm 36\:$pc is in good agreement with the Gaia distance of $644\pm 26\:$pc. We subtracted the binary effects from the observed TESS data and applied a multifrequency analysis to these residuals. The result reveals that AI Hya is multiperiodic in its pulsation. Of 14 signals detected, four ($f_1$, $f_2$, $f_3$, $f_6$) may be considered independent pulsation frequencies. The period ratios of $P_{\rm pul}/P_{\rm orb} = 0.012$–0.021 and the pulsation constants of $Q = 0.30$–0.52 d correspond to $\delta$ Sct pulsations in binaries. We found that the secondary component of AI Hya pulsates in both radial fundamental $F$ modes ($f_2$ and $f_3$) and non-radial $g_1$ modes with a low degree of $\ell = 2$ ($f_1$ and $f_6$).
A quantum hydrodynamical model of skyrmions with electrical dipole moments and novel magneto-electric skyrmion Hall effect
Authors: Trukhanova Mariya Iv. , Andreev Pavel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To introduce novel ways of manipulating the skyrmion dynamics we need to develop new fundamental models. Many-particle quantum hydrodynamics allows us to study inter-skyrmion interactions in the approximation of point-particle skyrmions, which were discovered in multiferroic insulators, where the spiral magnetic structure is accompanied by a finite electric dipole moment. We propose a new model of many-particle quantum hydrodynamics for dipolar skyrmions with dipole–dipole interaction, in the presence of electric and magnetic field gradients. Based on the developed model we find a new way to control the positions of skyrmions, using the crossed gradients of magnetic and electric fields or a novel magneto-electric Hall effect. We have shown that the influence of non-uniform magnetic field provides circular motion of the dipolar skyrmion in the plane with the frequency determined by the derivative of the external magnetic field and the amplitude of the dipole moment. We study the wave processes in the system of skyrmions. We investigate hydrodynamic waves in a skyrmion gas in crossed non-uniform electric and magnetic fields, and predict the generation of a new type of hydrodynamic waves and instabilities. Also, we predict a new type of polarization waves in a rigid skyrmion gas with the dipole–dipole interaction.
Possible existence of a third fundamental long-range force
Authors: Nakanishi Noboru , Yoshida Ritsu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is inferred that, in addition to the Coulomb and Newtonian forces, there should exist a third fundamental long-range force, which acts between intrinsic angular momenta. This inference is based on the quantum Einstein gravity, that is, the manifestly-covariant, BRS-invariant, canonically quantized theory of general relativity. The form of the potential of the third fundamental long-range force is determined by calculating the non-relativistic limit of the Bethe–Salpeter kernel in the lowest-order perturbation theory. The observability of this force is also discussed.
Interactional synchrony: signals, mechanisms and benefits
Authors: Hoehl Stefanie , Fairhurst Merle , Schirmer Annett 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany group-living animals, humans included, occasionally synchronize their behavior with that of conspecifics. Social psychology and neuroscience have attempted to explain this phenomenon. Here we sought to integrate results around three themes: the stimuli, the mechanisms and the benefits of interactional synchrony. As regards stimuli, we asked what characteristics, apart from temporal regularity, prompt synchronization and found that stimulus modality and complexity are important. The high temporal resolution of the auditory system and the relevance of socio-emotional information endow auditory, multimodal, emotional and somewhat variable and adaptive sequences with particular synchronizing power. Looking at the mechanisms revealed that traditional perspectives emphasizing beat-based representations of others’ signals conflict with more recent work investigating the perception of temporal regularity. Timing processes supported by striato-cortical loops represent any kind of repetitive interval sequence fairly automatically. Additionally, socio-emotional processes supported by posterior superior temporal cortex help endow such sequences with value motivating the extent of synchronizing. Synchronizing benefits arise from an increased predictability of incoming signals and include many positive outcomes ranging from basic information processing at the individual level to the bonding of dyads and larger groups.
A Systematic Review of the Potential Use of Neurofeedback in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Gandara Veronica , Pineda Jaime A , Shu I-Wei , Singh Fiza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), negative symptoms (anhedonia, social withdrawal) and marked cognitive deficits (memory, executive function, and attention). Current mainstays of treatment, including medications and psychotherapy, do not adequately address cognitive symptoms, which are essential for everyday functioning. However, recent advances in computational neurobiology have rekindled interest in neurofeedback (NF), a form of self-regulation or neuromodulation, in potentially alleviating cognitive symptoms in patients with SCZ. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the literature for NF studies in SCZ to identify lessons learned and to identify steps to move the field forward. Our findings reveal that NF studies to date consist mostly of case studies and small sample, single-group studies. Despite few randomized clinical trials, the results suggest that NF is feasible and that it leads to measurable changes in brain function. These findings indicate early proof-of-concept data that needs to be followed up by larger, randomized clinical trials, testing the efficacy of NF compared to well thought out placebos. We hope that such an undertaking by the field will lead to innovative solutions that address refractory symptoms and improve everyday functioning in patients with SCZ.
A Comparison of 3 Fixation Strategies in the Treatment of Neer Type IIB Distal Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Garlich John , Little Milton T. M. , Nelson Trevor J. , Eberlein Sam A. , Monfiston Carl-Henri , Kremen Thomas , Metzger Melodie F. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
To compare the stability of NT2B clavicle fractures fixed with either a hook plating (HP), Superior Plating with Suture Augmentation (SPSA), or dual orthogonal plating (DP) with the hypothesis that DP would provide increased multiplanar stability across NT2B fractures.

Methods:
NT2B distal clavicle fractures were created in cadaveric specimens and fixed using (1) HP, (2) SPSA, or (3) DP. Specimens were cyclically loaded in 3 different planes of motion: (1) anteroposterior (AP), (2) superior–inferior, and (3) axial rotation while displacement was continually recorded. Afterward, a superiorly directed load was applied to the clavicle. Load to failure, stiffness, and mode of failure were recorded.

Results:
During AP loading, clavicles fixed with a DP had significantly lower mean posterior displacement compared to those fixed with SPSA at every 100-cycle interval of testing, P < 0.01. During inferior–superior loading, specimens fixed with a DP had less superior displacement than specimens fixed with an HP and SPSA, reaching significance at the 500–700 cycles of testing. There was no significant difference in axial rotation stability or load to failure between the 3 fixation techniques.

Conclusions:
Orthogonally placed minifragment plates provide improved stability against anterior displacement with no significant difference in superior stability, axial rotational stability, stiffness, or load to failure. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the long-term stability of dual plating and determine the risks and benefits of this novel method of distal clavicle fixation.
Handgrip Strength as a Predictor of Exercise Capacity in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Kim Woohyeun , Park Se-Hyun , Kim Woo-Sub , Jang Won Young , Park Eun Jin , Kang Dong Oh , Park Yoonjee , Na Jin Oh , Kim Jin Won , Kim Eung Ju , Rha Seung-Woon , Park Chang Gyu , Seo Hong Seog , Choi Cheol Ung 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
A recent study has shown that quadriceps strength can be used to predict the level of exercise capacity in patients with coronary heart disease. We investigated whether the relationship between muscular strength and exercise capacity is also observed with handgrip strength (HGS).

Methods:
We studied 443 participants (61.8 ± 11.2 yr; 78% male) who underwent coronary intervention and participated in cardiac rehabilitation between 2015 and 2018. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between various clinical measures (HGS, age, sex, etc) with the distance walked on a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and maximal oxygen uptake (

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2max).

Results:
Handgrip strength was related to distance walked on the 6MWT (r = 0.435, P < .001). It was the only predictor of all exercise capacity categories, and one of the strongest predictors of each exercise capacity category. An HGS of 26% of body weight predicted an achievement of a 200-m walk on the 6MWT (positive predictive value = 0.95). However, HGS <36% of body weight predicted that 500 m could not be done in 6 min (negative predictive value = 0.97). This trend was also observed in the subgroups in which

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2max was measured.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that HGS is associated with exercise capacity in coronary heart disease and can be used to predict the level of exercise capacity. These findings may contribute to setting the recommended level of daily activity as well as the level of cardiac rehabilitation in coronary heart disease.
Ventilatory and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Responses Similarly Determine Anaerobic Threshold in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Reis Michel Silva , Nasser Igor , Barroco Adriano , Berton Danilo Cortozi , Neder José Alberto , Arena Ross , Borghi-Silva Audrey 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
The present study compared the level of agreement of anaerobic threshold (AT) between ventilatory and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and healthy subjects.

Methods:
Patients with CHF (n = 9) and a control group (CG; n = 14) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergometer until physical exhaustion. Determination of AT was performed visually by (1) ventilatory-expired gas analysis curves and (2) oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) curves assessed by NIRS.

Results:
The CHF group presented significantly lower oxygen consumption (O2), heart rate, and workload at AT when compared with the CG measured by NIRS (P < .05). However, the effect size, measured by the Cohen d, revealed large magnitude (>0.80) in both techniques when compared between CHF patients and the CG. In addition, ventilatory and NIRS techniques demonstrated significant and very strong/strong correlations for relative O2 (r = 0.91) and heart rate (r = 0.85) in the detection of AT in the CHF group.

Conclusion:
Both ventilatory and NIRS assessments are correlated and there are no differences in the responses between CHF patients and healthy subjects in the determination of AT. These findings indicate both approaches may have utility in the assessment of submaximal exercise performance in patients with CHF.
Survey of Exercise Prescription in US Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs
Authors: Garvey Chris , Casaburi Richard , Spruit Martijn A. , De Brandt Jana 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is the standard of care for chronic, symptomatic lung disease. Current scientific and clinical guidelines recommend PR to improve dyspnea, functional capacity, and quality of life. Several PR guidelines provide recommendations about the mode, intensity, duration, frequency, and progression of exercise-based interventions. There are variations in the components of PR exercise prescription that may influence the response to PR, as well as variations in how the exercise prescription and its components are determined and monitored. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to identify current PR exercise prescription practices via survey sent to 1758 PR programs in the United States.

Methods:
The American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation administered surveys in 2013 and 2016 to US-based PR providers.

Results:
Responses were returned from 371 PR providers (vs 380 in 2013). There was an increase in responses for all options describing exercise prescription methodology in the 2016 survey, with each element (frequency, intensity, time [duration], and type [mode]; FITT) demonstrating significant increase in use. There was a significant increase in 3 methods of determining exercise goals in 2016 versus 2013: duration (P = .017), distance (P = .010), and metabolic equivalents of task (P ≤ .001).

Conclusions:
The 2016 survey responses show a greater use of guideline-based exercise prescription methodology, with an increase in use of FITT methodology for exercise prescription.
Stromal Keratitis After Varicella in Children
Authors: Denier Margot , Gabison Eric , Sahyoun Marwan , Labetoulle Marc , Dureau Pascal , Cochereau Isabelle , Doan Serge 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
We describe here a case series of patients with stromal keratitis of chronic course, a potential manifestation after chickenpox in children.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of 8 eyes (7 children) with stromal keratitis after varicella seen in our referral cornea center. All patients received a systemic antiviral treatment with oral acyclovir and topical steroid eye drops. Topical cyclosporine eye drops were associated with steroids in case of steroid dependence or steroid-related side effects. Both antiinflammatory treatments were slowly tapered over time.

Results:
Median age at diagnosis was 3 years and 4 months. Stromal keratitis was unilateral in 6 children (85.7%) and consisted of superficial nummular keratitis in 4 cases and deep stromal diffuse keratitis in 3 cases. During the median follow-up of 31 months (range, 13–59 months), 6 children had 1 to 6 episodes of relapse. The median duration of topical steroid eye drop was 26 months (range, 2–59 months). Topical cyclosporine eye drops were used with steroids in 3 patients (42.9%). Three patients stopped topical steroids after 2, 5, and 8 months, without recurrence. Four patients were still undergoing treatment after a median of 43 months (range, 26–59 months). All patients regained a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 at the end of the follow-up.

Conclusions:
Stromal keratitis after varicella is an entity with a potential chronic course lasting 3 months or more. Steroid dependence and relapses during tapering are 2 major challenges for the management.
Novel Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Rapid Detection of Pythium insidiosum Directly From Corneal Specimens of Patients With Ocular Pythiosis
Authors: Kulandai Lily Therese , Lakshmipathy Dhanurekha , Sargunam Janaki 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To standardize a novel duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region for the identification of Pythium insidiosum isolates and also to detect P. insidiosum genome directly from corneal specimens of patients with suspected ocular pythiosis.

Methods:
A total of 42 nonsporulating molds culturally and morphologically resembling suspected unidentified fungal isolates (corneal buttons 33 and corneal scrapings 9) and 14 clinical specimens (corneal buttons 7 and corneal scrapings 7) clinically suspected to be ocular pythiosis were included in the present study. Standardization of uniplex PCRs and duplex PCRs targeting 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region and further application of the standardized PCRs on both clinical isolates and clinical specimens suspected to have fungal keratitis. The sensitivity and specificity of the standardized duplex PCR were calculated using Medcal.net software.

Results:
The standardized uniplex and duplex PCRs were found specific for the detection of only P. insidiosum DNA, and the analytical sensitivities of the primers were 1.36 Zg. Of the 14 clinical specimens analyzed, 13 were positive in both corneal specimens and their respective P. insidiosum isolates. The specificity of the novel duplex PCR was 100% when applied on corneal specimens and clinical isolates, but the sensitivity was 92.8% (13/14) and 100% (42/42), respectively, for the clinical specimens and fungal isolates from suspected ocular pythiosis patients included in the study.

Conclusions:
The novel duplex PCR developed in this study will aid in rapid identification of P. insidiosum clinical isolates and clinical specimens from suspected ocular pythiosis specimens, which in turn will help the ophthalmologists to initiate appropriate treatment.