bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Directional Light Extraction from Patterned Rare‐Earth Phosphor Films
Authors: Cabello‐Olmo Elena , Molet Pau , Mihi Agustín , Lozano Gabriel , Míguez Hernán 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe combination of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and rare earth (RE) phosphors as color‐converting layers comprises the basis of solid‐state lighting. Indeed, most LED lamps include a photoluminescent coating made of phosphor material, i.e., crystalline matrix suitably doped with RE elements, to produce white light from a blue or ultraviolet LED chip. Transparent phosphor‐based films constitute starting materials for new refined emitters that allow different photonic designs to be implemented. Among the different photonic strategies typically employed to tune or enhance emission, surface texturing has proved its versatility and feasibility in a wide range of materials and devices. However, most of the nanofabrication techniques cannot be applied to RE phosphors directly because of their chemical stability or because of their cost. The first monolithic patterned structure of down‐shifting nanophosphors with square arrays of nanoholes with different lattice parameters is reported in this study. It is shown that a low‐cost soft‐nanolithography procedure can be applied to red‐emitting nanophosphors (GdVO4:Eu3+ nanocrystals) to tune their emission properties, attaining a twofold directional enhancement of the emitted light at predesigned emission wavelengths in specific directions.
Microstructural Engineering of Cathode Materials for Advanced Zinc‐Ion Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Pam Mei Er , Yan Dong , Yu Juezhi , Fang Daliang , Guo Lu , Li Xue Liang , Li Tian Chen , Lu Xunyu , Ang Lay Kee , Amal Rose , Han Zhaojun , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted intensive attention due to the low cost, high safety, and abundant resources. However, up to date, challenges still exist in searching for cathode materials with high working potential, excellent electrochemical activity, and good structural stability. To address these challenges, microstructure engineering has been widely investigated to modulate the physical properties of cathode materials, and thus boosts the electrochemical performances of ZIBs. Here, the recent research efforts on the microstructural engineering of various ZIB cathode materials are mainly focused upon, including composition and crystal structure selection, crystal defect engineering, interlayer engineering, and morphology design. The dependency of cathode performance on aqueous electrolyte for ZIB is further discussed. Finally, future perspectives and challenges on microstructure engineering of cathode materials for ZIBs are provided. It is aimed to provide a deep understanding of the microstructure engineering effect on Zn2+ storage performance.
Brain functional network integrity sustains cognitive function despite atrophy in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Tsvetanov Kamen A. , Gazzina Stefano , Jones P. Simon , van Swieten John , Borroni Barbara , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Moreno Fermin , Laforce Robert , Graff Caroline , Synofzik Matthis , Galimberti Daniela , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Finger Elizabeth , Vandenberghe Rik , de Mendonça Alexandre , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Santana Isabel , Ducharme Simon , Butler Chris , Gerhard Alexander , Danek Adrian , Levin Johannes , Otto Markus , Frisoni Giovanni , Ghidoni Roberta , Sorbi Sandro , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Rowe James B. ,   the Genetic FTD Initiative, GENFI
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe presymptomatic phase of neurodegenerative disease can last many years, with sustained cognitive function despite progressive atrophy. We investigate this phenomenon in familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD).MethodsWe studied 121 presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers and 134 family members without mutations, using multivariate data‐driven approach to link cognitive performance with both structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Atrophy and brain network connectivity were compared between groups, in relation to the time from expected symptom onset.ResultsThere were group differences in brain structure and function, in the absence of differences in cognitive performance. Specifically, we identified behaviorally relevant structural and functional network differences. Structure‐function relationships were similar in both groups, but coupling between functional connectivity and cognition was stronger for carriers than for non‐carriers, and increased with proximity to the expected onset of disease.DiscussionOur findings suggest that the maintenance of functional network connectivity enables carriers to maintain cognitive performance.
The APOE gene cluster responds to air pollution factors in mice with coordinated expression of genes that differs by age in humans
Authors: Haghani Amin , Thorwald Max , Morgan Todd E. , Finch Caleb E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLittle is known of gene–environment interactions for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and neighbors on chromosome 19q13.3 have variants associated with risks of AD, but with unknown mechanism. This study describes novel links among the APOE network, air pollution, and age‐related diseases. Mice exposed to air pollution nano‐sized particulate matter (nPM) had coordinate responses of Apoe‐Apoc1‐Tomm40 in the cerebral cortex. In humans, the AD vulnerable hippocampus and amygdala had stronger age decline in APOE cluster expression than the AD‐resistant cerebellum and hypothalamus. Using consensus weighted gene co‐expression network, we showed that APOE has a conserved co‐expressed network in rodent and primate brains. SOX1, which has AD‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, was among the co‐expressed genes in the human hippocampus. Humans and mice shared 87% of potential binding sites for transcription factors in APOE cluster promoter, suggesting similar inducibility and a novel link among environment, APOE cluster, and risk of AD.
Radikalische Funktionalisierung von α‐C(sp3)‐H‐Bindungen in Amiden durch Translokations‐induzierende arylierende Gruppen
Authors: Radhoff Niklas , Studer Armido 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie radikalische α‐C‐H‐Arylierung in N‐Alkylamiden durch Translokations‐induzierende arylierende (RTA) Gruppen auf Basis von 2‐Iodarylsulfonylchloriden wird beschrieben. Die Methode ermöglicht den Aufbau α‐quartärer Kohlenstoffzentren in Amiden. Verschiedene mono‐ und disubstituierte RTA‐Gruppen finden Anwendung in der Arylierung von primären, sekundären und tertiären α‐C(sp3)‐H‐Bindungen. Diese Radikalkaskaden verlaufen mit guten bis exzellenten Ausbeuten über einen 1,6‐Wasserstoffatomtransfer‐Prozess, gefolgt von einer 1,4‐Arylmigration mit anschließender SO2‐Fragmentierung.
Paleoneurology of Baurusuchus (Crocodyliformes: Baurusuchidae), ontogenetic variation, brain size, and sensorial implications
Authors: Dumont Jr Marcos V. , Santucci Rodrigo M. , de Andrade Marco Brandalise , de Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Maia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKnowledge on crocodyliform paleoneurology has significantly improved with development of computed tomography. However, studies so far have been able to reconstruct brain endocasts based only on single specimens for each taxon. Here for the first time, we reconstructed brain endocasts for multiple fossil specimens of the same crocodyliform taxon (Baurusuchus), consisting of complete skulls of two medium sized specimens, one large adult, and a late juvenile. In addition, we were able to reconstruct the inner ear anatomy of a fragmentary skull using microtomography. We present estimates of brain size using simple models, based on modern Crocodylia, able to adapt brain to endocranial cavity ratios to expected ontogenetic variation instead of using fixed ratios. We also analyzed relative brain sizes, olfactory ratios, facial sensation, alert head posture, best hearing frequencies, and hearing range. The calculated endocranial volumes showed that they can be greatly altered by taphonomic processes, altering both total and partial endocranial volumes. Reconstructed endocasts are compatible with different degrees of occupation along the endocranial cavity and some of their characteristics might be useful as phylogenetic characters. The relative brain size of Baurusuchus seems to be small in comparison to modern crocodilians. Sensorial abilities were somewhat similar to modern crocodilians and hearing ranges and best mean frequencies remarkably similar to modern taxa, whereas olfactory ratio values are a little higher. Differing from its modern relatives, Baurusuchus hypothesized alert head posture is compatible with a terrestrial habit.
Enhancing keyphrase extraction from microblogs using human reading time
Authors: Zhang Yingyi , Zhang Chengzhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe premise of manual keyphrase annotation is to read the corresponding content of an annotated object. Intuitively, when we read, more important words will occupy a longer reading time. Hence, by leveraging human reading time, we can find the salient words in the corresponding content. However, previous studies on keyphrase extraction ignore human reading features. In this article, we aim to leverage human reading time to extract keyphrases from microblog posts. There are two main tasks in this study. One is to determine how to measure the time spent by a human on reading a word. We use eye fixation durations (FDs) extracted from an open source eye‐tracking corpus. Moreover, we propose strategies to make eye FD more effective on keyphrase extraction. The other task is to determine how to integrate human reading time into keyphrase extraction models. We propose two novel neural network models. The first is a model in which the human reading time is used as the ground truth of the attention mechanism. In the second model, we use human reading time as the external feature. Quantitative and qualitative experiments show that our proposed models yield better performance than the baseline models on two microblog datasets.
Optimal decision‐theoretic sampling plan for two exponential distributions under joint censoring scheme
Authors: Prajapati Deepak , Mondal Shuvashree , Kundu Debasis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn statistical quality control, decision‐theoretic approach draws a significant amount of attention due to its economic considerations. In reliability life testing, decision‐theoretic approach has been used quite extensively under different censoring schemes. All these implementations are based on single sample of products coming from a particular source. In this work we study decision‐theoretic approach on two sample of products coming from two different sources under a joint censoring scheme when the life times are exponentially distributed. The major advantage of such implementation is to take decision on the acceptance or rejection of one or both the batches in a single life testing experiment. Decision making is performed based on minimizing the Bayes risk with respect to a given loss function. It is observed that under certain set‐ups, the joint censoring scheme is preferable over the two separate single sample censoring schemes in decision making.
Strangers look sicker (with implications in times of COVID‐19)
Authors: Bressan Paola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe animals have evolved a variety of mechanisms to avoid conspecifics who might be infected. It is currently unclear whether and why this “behavioral immune system” targets unfamiliar individuals more than familiar ones. Here I answer this question in humans, using publicly available data of a recent study on 1969 participants from India and 1615 from the USA. The apparent health of a male stranger, as estimated from his face, and the comfort with contact with him were a direct function of his similarity to the men in the local community. This held true regardless of whether the face carried overt signs of infection. I conclude that our behavioral immune system is finely tuned to degrees of outgroupness — and that cues of outgroupness are partly processed as cues of infectiousness. These findings, which were consistent across the two cultures, support the notion that the pathogens of strangers are perceived as more dangerous.
Engineered Microbes for Producing Anticholinergics
Authors: Courdavault Vincent , Cassereau Julien , Papon Nicolas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe tropane alkaloids (TAs) hyoscyamine and scopolamine function as acetylcholine receptor antagonists and are used clinically as parasympatholytics to treat neuromuscular disorders in humans. While TAs are synthesized in a small subset of plant families, these specialized metabolites are only accumulated in limited quantities in plant organs. The complex chemical structures of these compounds make their industrial production by chemical synthesis very challenging, Therefore, the supply of these TAs still relies on intensive farming of Duboisia shrubs in tropical countries. Many adverse factors such as climate fluctuations and pandemics can thus influence annual world production. Based on the landmark microbial production of the antimalarial semi‐synthetic artemisinin, the Smolke group recently developed a yeast cell factory capable of de novo synthesizing hyoscyamine and scopolamine, thus paving the way for an alternative production of these compounds.
Neutral Chiral Tetrakis‐Iodo‐Triazole Halogen‐Bond Donor for Chiral Recognition and Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Ostler Florian , Piekarski Dariusz G. , Danelzik Tobias , Taylor Mark S. , García Mancheño Olga 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHalogen bonding represents a powerful tool in the field of noncovalent interactions. However, applications in enantioselective recognition and catalysis remain almost nonexistent, due in part to the distinct features of halogen bonds, including long covalent and noncovalent bond distances and high directionality. Herein, this work presents a novel chiral tetrakis‐iodo‐triazole structure as a neutral halogen bond donor for both chiral anion‐recognition and enantioinduction in ion‐pair organocatalysis. NMR‐titration studies revealed significant differences in anion affinity between the halogen bonding receptor and its hydrogen bonding parent. Selective recognition of chiral dicarboxylates and asymmetric induction in a benchmark organocatalytic reaction were demonstrated using the halogen bond donor. Inversions in the absolute sense of chiral recognition, enantioselectivity, and chiroptical properties relative to the related hydrogen donor were observed. Computational modeling suggested that these effects were the result of distinct anion‐binding modes for the halogen‐ versus hydrogen‐bond donors.
Fine needle aspiration of salivary gland carcinomas with high‐grade transformation: A multi‐institutional study of 22 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Nakaguro Masato , Faquin William C. , Baloch Zubair W. , Cantley Richard L. , Compton Margaret L. , Ely Kim A. , Holmes Brittany J. , Hu Rong , Kerr Darcy A. , Montone Kathleen T. , Nishino Michiya , Pantanowitz Liron , Rossi Esther Diana , Sadow Peter M. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHigh‐grade transformation (HGT) is a rare process whereby conventional low‐ to intermediate‐grade salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) transform into high‐grade, poorly or undifferentiated malignancies with focal or complete loss of their conventional histomorphologic features. Because tumors with HGT are associated with a worse prognosis than their conventional counterparts, preoperative recognition of HGT may be of benefit for optimal patient management. Using a multi‐institutional approach, we describe the largest fine needle aspiration (FNA) cohort of salivary gland carcinomas with HGT.MethodsThe archives of 9 large academic medical centers were searched, and 22 cases of SGC with HGT were identified by surgical excision accompanied by preoperative FNA. Clinical and cytomorphologic features were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe male‐to‐female ratio was 14:8, and the mean patient age was 60.2 years. The average tumor size was 3.6 cm, and 19 cases were from the parotid gland. Acinic cell carcinoma with HGT was the most common tumor subtype, comprising 12 cases with HGT, followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, and other subtypes. Eighteen cases were classified as malignant; however, a specific diagnosis of HGT was not made. Sixteen cases contained a high‐grade cytologic component, and 7 cases had a mixture of both conventional and high‐grade components retrospectively.ConclusionsSGC with HGT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a salivary gland aspirate exhibiting high‐grade cytomorphologic features. The presence of distinct tumor populations, conventional and high‐grade, should prompt consideration of HGT, especially when the conventional component is acinic cell carcinoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Kinetic Analysis of the Hydrolysis of Pentose‐1‐phosphates through Apparent Nucleoside Phosphorolysis Equilibrium Shifts**
Authors: Kaspar Felix , Neubauer Peter , Kurreck Anke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, we report an addition to the toolbox for the monitoring and quantification of the hydrolytic decay of pentose‐1‐phosphates, which are known to be elusive and difficult to quantify. This communication describes how apparent equilibrium shifts of a nucleoside phosphorolysis reaction can be employed to calculate hydrolytic loss of pentose‐1‐phosphates based on the measurement of post‐hydrolysis equilibrium concentrations of a nucleoside and a nucleobase. To demonstrate this approach, we assessed the stability of the relatively stable ribose‐1‐phosphate at 98 °C and found half‐lives of 1.8–11.7 h depending on the medium pH. This approach can be extended to other sugar phosphates and related reaction systems to quantify the stability of UV‐inactive and hard‐to‐detect reaction products and intermediates.
Charge‐Tagged N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs): Revealing the Hidden Side of NHC‐Catalysed Reactions through Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Salvitti Chiara , Chiarotto Isabella , Pepi Federico , Troiani Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are key intermediates in a variety of chemical reactions. Owing to their transient nature, the interception and characterization of these reactive species have always been challenging. Similarly, the study of reaction mechanisms in which carbenes act as catalysts is still an active research field. This Minireview describes the contribution of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) to the detection of charge‐tagged NHCs resulting from the insertion of an ionic group into the molecular scaffold. The use of different mass spectrometric techniques, combined with the charge‐tagging strategy, allowed clarification of the involvement of NHCs in archetypal reactions and the study of their intrinsic chemistry.
A micromorphological/microbiological pilot study assessing three methods for the maintenance of the implant patient
Authors: Polizzi Elisabetta , D'orto Bianca , Tomasi Simone , Tetè Giulia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the ultrasonic piezoelectric inserts of EMS Steel Tip A, EMS Peek, and IS‐TiP‐STS‐3E© in reducing peri‐implant bacterial load without compromising the surface of implants during professional oral hygiene in the follow‐up.Materials and methodsThirteen implants were examined (Winsix, Biosafin, Ancona, Italy). The implants were divided into five groups and analyzed with a SEM microscope and microbiological analysis to evaluate the possible modification of structure and the bacterial load reduction.ResultsThe control and A, B, and C test groups were initially contaminated in vitro with Streptococcus mutans. Subsequently, the A, B, and C test groups were treated by an only expert operator in standard conditions. Test groups A, B, and C were inoculated for 3 hr and, furthermore, microbiologically analyzed.ConclusionThe gold standard of an implant maintenance is a significant reduction of the bacterial load without becoming aggressive. According to our results, despite the limitations of the study, the authors recommend the least aggressive IS‐TiP‐STS‐3E©, but combined with an antimicrobial agent to reduce the bacterial load, because the IS‐TiP‐STS‐3E© did not show appreciable results versus the EMS Peek in reducing the bacterial load.
The impact of diabetology consultations on length of stay in hospitalized patients with diabetes
Authors: Sheahan Kelsey H. , Atherly Adam , Dayman Caitlyn , Schnure Joel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionBoth hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia in hospitalized patients have been shown to be associated with a longer length of stay, higher readmission rates, and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. With 25%‐30% of all hospitalized patients carrying a diagnosis of diabetes, it is important to optimize glycaemic control. Current guidelines for care of inpatients with diabetes now suggest consulting a specialized diabetes team for all patients when possible.AimThis study was a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of an inpatient diabetology consult within 48 hours of admission on patients’ length of stay.MethodsAll patients admitted to the general medicine service between 2013 and 2018 with a diagnosis of diabetes in their medical record were included, which consisted of 11 477 inpatient stays. We looked at the effect of an inpatient diabetology consultation within the first 48 hours on length of stay, complications and 30‐day readmission rates.ResultsWe found that patients whose care included a diabetology consult within 48 hours of admission had a statistically significant shorter length of stay by 1.56 days compared to the remainder of the group. There was no difference in complications or 30‐day readmission rates between the groups.ConclusionAmong general medicine patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, timely diabetology consultations reduced patients’ length of stay and have the potential to improve their care and lessen the economic impact.