bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited effect of duration of CMV infection on adaptive immunity and frailty: insights from a 27‐year‐long longitudinal study
Authors: Samson Leonard Daniël , van den Berg Sara PH , Engelfriet Peter , Boots Annemieke MH , Hendriks Marion , de Rond Lia GH , de Zeeuw‐Brouwer Mary‐lène , Verschuren WM Monique , Borghans José AM , Buisman Anne‐Marie , van Baarle Debbie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesCytomegalovirus infection is thought to affect the immune system and to impact general health during ageing. Higher CMV‐specific antibody levels in the elderly are generally assumed to reflect experienced viral reactivation during life. Furthermore, high levels of terminally differentiated and CMV‐specific T cells are hallmarks of CMV infection, which are thought to expand over time, a process also referred to as memory inflation.MethodsWe studied CMV‐specific antibody levels over ~ 27 years in 268 individuals (aged 60–89 years at study endpoint), and to link duration of CMV infection to T‐cell numbers, CMV‐specific T‐cell functions, frailty and cardiovascular disease at study endpoint.ResultsIn our study, 136/268 individuals were long‐term CMV seropositive and 19 seroconverted during follow‐up (seroconversion rate: 0.56%/year). CMV‐specific antibody levels increased slightly over time. However, we did not find an association between duration of CMV infection and CMV‐specific antibody levels at study endpoint. No clear association between duration of CMV infection and the size and function of the memory T‐cell pool was observed. Elevated CMV‐specific antibody levels were associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease but not with frailty. Age at CMV seroconversion was positively associated with CMV‐specific antibody levels, memory CD4+T‐cell numbers and frailty.ConclusionCytomegalovirus‐specific memory T cells develop shortly after CMV seroconversion but do not seem to further increase over time. Age‐related effects other than duration of CMV infection seem to contribute to CMV‐induced changes in the immune system. Although CMV‐specific immunity is not evidently linked to frailty, it tends to associate with higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease.
The effects of functional response and host abundance fluctuations on genetic rescue in parasitoids with single‐locus sex determination
Authors: Nonaka Etsuko , Kaitala Veijo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany parasitoids have single‐locus complementary sex determination (sl‐CSD), which produces sterile or inviable males when homozygous at the sex determining locus. A previous study theoretically showed that small populations have elevated risks of extinction due to the positive feedback between inbreeding and small population size, referred to as the diploid male vortex. A few modeling studies have suggested that the diploid male vortex may not be as common because balancing selection at sex determining loci tends to maintain high allelic diversity in spatially structured populations. However, the generality of the conclusion is yet uncertain, as they were drawn either from models developed for particular systems or from a general‐purpose competition model. To attest the conclusion, we study several well‐studied host–parasitoid models that incorporate functional response specifying the number of attacked hosts given a host density and derive the conditions for a diploid male vortex in a single population. Then, we develop spatially structured individual‐based versions of the models to include female behavior, diploid male fertility, and temporal fluctuations. The results show that producing a handful of successful offspring per female parasitoid could enable parasitoid persistence when a typical number of CSD alleles are present. The effect of functional response depends on the levels of fluctuations in host abundance, and inviable or partially fertile diploid males and a small increase in dispersal can alleviate the risk of a diploid male vortex. Our work supports the generality of effective genetic rescue in spatially connected parasitoid populations with sl‐CSD. However, under more variable climate, the efficacy of the CSD mechanism may substantially decline.
Population differentiation from environmental DNA: Investigating the potential of haplotype presence/absence‐based analysis of molecular variance
Authors: Azarian Clara , Foster Scott , Devloo‐Delva Floriaan , Feutry Pierre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is recognized as a promising sampling tool for biodiversity monitoring. It has also been proposed as a tool for performing population genetic analyses on target species, but early applications make questionable assumptions, such as assuming that the amount of DNA in the sample is directly related to the number of individuals in the environment. In this work, the power of a new analytical framework for detecting genetic differences among populations, which does not make this assumption, is investigated. This is done by using an AMOVA test on only the presence/absence of haplotypes. A sampling strategy with the potential to increase power, including replicate samples and relying on mild assumptions, is also evaluated. A simulation experiment was used to evaluate the ability to detect differences between three populations. The simulation generated mitochondrial haplotypes from three populations with varying diversity and levels of differentiation, and different sampling schemes and AMOVA tests were used. The information of presence/absence of haplotypes, not their relative frequencies, proved useful to perform an AMOVA and the use of replicate samples ensured a better chance of finding statistically significant population differentiation when it existed. The risk of type I errors was also assessed by performing a simulation experiment with no genetic differentiation and that risk was found to depend on the independence between replicates. These results will lay a path for the development of eDNA as a tool for population genetics, as well as serving as a guideline to design sampling plans for future studies and the interpretation of their results.
The effect of transfusion of blood products on ventricular assist device support outcomes
Authors: Shore Supriya , Hanff Thomas C. , Mazurek Jeremy A. , Seigerman Matthew , Zhang Robert , Grandin Edward W. , Vorovich Esther , Mather Paul , Olt Caroline , Howard Jessica , Wald Joyce , Acker Michael A. , Goldberg Lee R. , Atluri Pavan , Margulies Kenneth B. , Rame J. Eduardo , Birati Edo Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsPerioperative blood transfusions are common among patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The association between blood product transfusion at the time of LVAD implantation and mortality has not been described.Methods and resultsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent continuous flow LVAD implantation at a single, large, tertiary care, academic centre, from 2008 to 2014. We assessed used of packed red blood cells (pRBCs), platelets, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Outcomes of interest included all‐cause mortality and acute right ventricular (RV) failure. Standard regression techniques were used to examine the association between blood product exposure and outcomes of interest. A total of 170 patients were included in this study (mean age: 56.5 ± 15.5 years, 79.4% men). Over a median follow‐up period of 11.2 months, for every unit of pRBC transfused, the hazard for mortality increased by 4% [hazard ratio (HR) 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.07] and odds for acute RV failure increased by 10% (odds ratio 1.10; 95% CI 1.05–1.16). This association persisted for other blood products including platelets (HR for mortality per unit 1.20; 95% CI 1.08–1.32) and FFP (HR for mortality per unit 1.08; 95% CI 1.04–1.12). The most significant predictor of perioperative blood product exposure was a lower pre‐implant haemoglobin.ConclusionsPerioperative blood transfusions among patients undergoing LVAD implantation were associated with a higher risk for all‐cause mortality and acute RV failure. Of all blood products, FFP use was associated with worst outcomes. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether pre‐implant interventions, such as intravenous iron supplementation, will improve the outcomes of LVAD candidates by decreasing need for transfusions.
A Review on Electrochemical Degradation and Biopolymer Adsorption Treatments for Toxic Compounds in Pharmaceutical Effluents
Authors: Mramba Anita S. , Ndibewu Peter P. , Sibali Linda L. , Makgopa Katlego 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPharmaceutical industries generate very large quantities of toxic organic compounds which include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and/or organic volatile impurities (OVIs). These toxic compounds, amongst which are emerging residual solvents, largely come from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and are being continuously dumped into the environment at an alarming rate. Efficient treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters (effluents) is currently a major challenge because of not only the enormous quantity to be disposed of but also its complexity, as well as its hazardous nature. Dumping these kinds of polluted wastes into the environment at uncontrolled rates are putting increasing pressure on freshwater ecosystems. This review paper focuses on combined electrochemical degradation and biopolymer adsorption treatment processes and techniques for toxic compounds in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. These emerging processes such as the combination of electrochemical techniques as a primary treatment method, followed by an adsorption process, is now a topic of intense research as it is proving to very feasible, eco‐friendly, and cost‐effective in the complete recovery of toxic residual solvents from binary aquatic systems. This paper presents major toxic pollutants in pharmaceutical wastewaters and their fate in the aquatic environment, their sources, and origin in pharmaceutical industries. The evaluation of the traditional methods used for the removal of these emerging organic pollutants from aquatic matrices and pharmaceutical effluents is accomplished. New developments in electrochemical treatments for the remediation of toxic compounds in pharmaceutical wastewaters are also discussed.
Environmental and economic sustainability of PVT drying system: A heat transfer approach
Authors: Tiwari Sumit , Sahdev Ravinder Kumar , Kumar Mahesh , Chhabra Deepak , Tiwari Prabhakar , Tiwari G.N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPresent communication is an attempt to explore the best PV technology suitable for PVT solar drying system through environmental and economic feasibility. Experimental setup for one of the PV technology (c‐Si) has been taken for experimental validation with theoretical model. Further, the environmental feasibility and environ economic evaluation for drying system having roof with various PV namely, c‐Si, p‐Si or m‐Si, a‐Si, CdTe, and CIGS have been evaluated through energy matrices (EPBT, EPF, and LCCE), CO2 emission, net CO2 mitigation and carbon credit earned which is based on energy and exergy output of the system on yearly basis. The economic analysis has been carried out with experimental data taken on c‐Si PVT drying system by considering grapes as a crop. Cogeneration efficiency has been calculated for different PV technologies and found to be highest for c‐Si PV technology that is, 61.71%, 77.98%, and 12.25% based on energy (electrical and thermal) gain, equivalent (overall) energy gain, and exergy gain, respectively. LCCE on energy basis reveals that for the five‐year system life, c‐Si and CIGS have equal efficiency but after five years, c‐Si is best. Cogeneration efficiency of system on the basis of energy (electrical + thermal) gain, equivalent (overall) energy gain and overall exergy gain found to be maximum with c‐Si PV technology that is, 61.71%, 77.98%, and 12.25%, respectively.
Copper and lanthanum mixed oxides as catalysts for ethanol Guerbet coupling: The role of La3+ on the production of long‐chain alcohols
Authors: Perrone Olavo Micali , Siqueira Marcos Rechi , Metzker Gustavo , de Oliveira Lisboa Daniela Correa , Boscolo Mauricio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMixed oxides derived from the calcination of modified hydrotalcites precursors with copper and lanthanum were synthetized by the co‐precipitation method and characterized and applied as catalysts for ethanol Guerbet coupling reactions. The oxides obtained were used to convert ethanol into 1‐butanol and long‐chain alcohols, mostly 1‐hexanol. The selectivity for 1‐butanol and 1‐hexanol reached 62% and 10% for Cu‐MgAl(O) at 280°C. The addition of 1 mol% of La3+ (CuLa‐MgAl(O)) increased the number of basic sites comparing to Cu‐MgAl(O) changing the selectivity for 1‐butanol and 1‐hexanol reaching 16.70 and 41.7% at 280°C. The addition of lanthanum and consequently the increase on the catalyst basicity was related to the obtainment of long‐chain alcohols due to the enolate formation during the aldol condensation of Guerbet coupling.
Hybridization utility and size optimization of a stand‐alone renewable energy micro‐grid
Authors: Fezai Safa , Cherif Habib , Belhadj Jamel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptimization of the stand‐alone micro‐grid is needed to minimize energy generation cost and environmental impacts. Protect the environment and saving cost can be obtained by choosing renewable energy sources as the power generation, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine. In this paper, authors investigate the hybridization utility and size optimization of a stand‐alone micro‐grid using the genetic algorithm. The considered micro‐grid consists on PV generator, wind turbines and storage batteries. This study is based on a bi‐objective optimization process. The life cycle cost (LCC) and the loss of power supply probability are respectively the economic criterion and the system reliability criterion under constraints. The energy modeling of the system's components enables energy flows simulation and further objective functions evaluation. The meteorological data of the location situated in Tunisia are considered. In order to study the resources randomness impact on systems optimal design, the data relating to December and August are used as references respectively to winter and summer. According to hybridization study, the hybrid PV/wind/battery system is the most appropriate system configuration for the studied location for both seasons compared to PV/battery or wind/battery. Results showed the significant influence of the battery bank design on the systems reliability and LCC.
Preliminary geochemical investigation of a possible CO2 injection in the Ungaran geothermal field, Indonesia: equilibrium and kinetic modeling
Authors: Utomo Gagas Pambudi , Güleç Nilgün 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered to be an effective method to mitigate anthropogenic carbon emissions that have been the major cause of global warming. One of the possible sites to store CO2 is in geothermal reservoirs. In this study, an attempt to simulate CO2–brine reservoir rock interaction inside a geothermal reservoir is carried out using the PHREEQC program. The study utilizes published rock mineralogy of the assumed reservoir lithology and chemistry of the hot water in the Ungaran geothermal field, Java, Indonesia. The simulation is based on equilibrium and kinetic modeling and assumes a single stage CO2 injection kept at a constant temperature and pressure. The amount of injected CO2 is determined by solubility modeling of CO2 in hot water under estimated reservoir conditions. The modeling predicted (i) the effect of solubility trapping at early stages of CO2–brine rock interaction, (ii) dissolution of Ca‐bearing silicates (plagioclases) coupled with calcite precipitation as a potential chemical processes relevant to a possible CO2 mineralization, (iii) progressive transition from solubility to mineral trapping becoming significant after 30 days following injection, (iv) minor porosity increase (∼0.5%), and (v) achievement of equilibrium between CO2–brine‐rock in 10 years after injection. Sensitivity analysis associated with the uncertainties for altering mineral proportion and rock porosity reveal no significant change in the ability of the modeled reservoir to trap injected CO2 into mineral phases. Concerning the CCS studies so far carried out in geothermal fields in volcanic reservoirs, this modeling comprises one of the first performed for fields with intermediate volcanics. The result from this study can be utilized as foreknowledge for possible future CCS operations in Indonesian geothermal fields. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sovereign bond yield spreads spillovers in the Economic and Monetary Union
Authors: Afonso António , Kazemi Mina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the sovereign bond market co‐movements and spillovers within 10 EMU countries, the so‐called “periphery” and “core” countries, during the period 1999:01 to 2016:07. Implementing Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) within a panel setting and bivariate VAR analysis, we find that an increase in the lagged spreads of Italian and Austrian bonds negatively affect the spreads of the whole sample while the increase in the Irish, Portuguese, Belgian and French lagged yields increased the overall spreads. In the VAR analysis we find that spillover effects within the sample are mostly positive.
Matched trade at the firm level and the micro origins of international business‐cycle comovement
Authors: Friberg Richard , Sanctuary Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article uses firm × national market export and import data for all Swedish private sector firms for 1997–2014 to examine the firm‐level contribution of trade and foreign ownership to the correlation between Swedish value added growth and partner country gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Export and import links increase the firm‐level correlation but net out for firms that both export to and import from the same market, evidence that this type of ‘natural hedging’ can help reduce a firm's exposure to foreign economic shocks. We proceed to aggregate the firm‐level results to the whole economy and find that severing firm‐level ties with a foreign market is predicted to lower the correlation between Swedish value added growth and foreign GDP growth from 0.72 to 0.64 on average. Gabaix's ‘granularity’ of trade is central to this result: if all firms are given equal weight overall correlations are essentially unaffected by severing firm level ties. Natural hedging is quantitatively important at the firm level and also plays a role in limiting overall comovements.
Unauthorized migrants in Israel: The contribution of threat variables and personal and community resources to the perception of social distance toward migrants from Africa
Authors: Kalnisky Mor , Levy Drorit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo examine the contribution of background variables, threat variables, and personal and community resources to participants' perceived social distance toward unauthorized migrants. Study participants were 168 Israeli citizens/longtime residents of three disadvantaged neighborhoods in Israel, who filled out self‐report questionnaires. We applied a hierarchical regression model and also examined the direct and indirect contribution of the abovementioned variables to the social distance of these longtime residents toward unauthorized migrants in Israel. All participants reported high levels of social distance, irrespective of their physical proximity to the migrants. Cultural disparity was perceived as a major threat. Residents who lived in close proximity to migrants particularly expressed concern about harm to their economic well‐being. Although political preference had no statistically significant direct effect on social distance, the mediation analysis revealed a complete indirect mechanism of the effect of political preference on social distance through threat perceptions. The research broadened our understanding of longtime neighborhood residents' perceived social distance toward migrants.It migrants. It also contributes to the development of knowledge, which will form the basis for intervention programs in the community
Pyranine Based Ion‐Paired Complex as a Mechanophore in Polyurethanes
Authors: Aerts Annelore , Lugger Sean J. D. , Heuts Johan P. A. , Sijbesma Rint P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new mechanophore for polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers based on ion‐paired complexes is developed. 8‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)pyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonate (HEPTS) is incorporated into polyurethanes as an end‐capper and aggregates in apolar media. Aggregation of the ionic HEPTS end groups in solution depends on concentration solvent polarity. The addition of dimethylformamide to a tetrahydrofuran solution of the polymer results in the dissociation of the aggregates and a significant shift in fluorescence emission from yellow to blue. The same shift in fluorescence emission is induced by stretching the solid polymer at strains larger than 1 and stresses above 7.5 MPa, with a clear increase above 12.5 MPa. Strain induced dissociation of HEPTS aggregates not attached to the polymer chain leads to fluorescence changes that are much less reproducible.
Conversations With Dr. Oleh Hornykiewicz, Founding Father of the Dopamine Era in Parkinson's: How Do You Wish to Be Remembered?
Authors: Schlossmacher Michael G. , Graybiel Ann M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTOn May 26, 2020, Dr. Oleh Hornykiewicz died at the age of 93 years. His twin discoveries in the early 1960s of dopamine deficiency in the brains of subjects with Parkinson's disease and the amelioration of patients' symptoms by levodopa therapy represent milestone events in the history of medicine. These breakthroughs enabled much‐needed relief for millions of patients suffering from neurological disorders every year and have given rise to the field of dopamine signaling in the regulation of complex behaviors in primates. What did Dr. Hornykiewicz, who was actively engaged in research until shortly before his 91st birthday, wish to pass on to younger scientists? What were his thoughts regarding the elusive cause of Parkinson's disease? How did he wish to be remembered? Here, the authors, one a former student and the other an admired colleague, recall messages conveyed by Dr. Hornykiewicz in public lectures; they also share the content of conversations and letters exchanged with him since 2004, as he began to reflect on his legacy. Through Dr. Hornykiewicz's own words and writings, the picture emerges of an extraordinarily committed scientist, who was exemplary in his professional integrity, who knew how to deploy a gallous sense of humor, who displayed little patience for physicians offering advice, and who kept any sense of pride over his monumental contributions private. When asked at the age of 91 years about the secrets of his long and fulfilled career in neuroscience, he identified himself as “a mad scientist.…I am someone who continuously fantasizes. I am someone who chases fantastical ideas and who keeps on dreaming…”, and as a man who was supported by the loving companionship of his wife, Christine. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.