bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Line Contact of a Functionally Graded Material Coated Half-Plane
Authors: Su Jie , Ke Liao-Liang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The elastohydrodynamic lubrication line contact problem between a functionally graded material (FGM) coated half-plane and a rigid cylindrical punch is investigated. The inhomogeneous elastic properties of the FGM coating are expressed by the exponential model. The lubricant between two solids is supposed to be the Newtonian fluid. The fluid viscosity and density are considered to be dependent on the fluid pressure. To determine the unknown film thickness and fluid pressure at the lubricant contact region, a numerical iterative method is employed to simultaneously solve the flow rheology equation, Reynolds equation, load balance equation, and film thickness equation. Influences of the stiffness ratio of the FGM coating, the resultant normal load, the punch radius, and the entraining velocity on the lubricant film thickness and fluid pressure are analyzed.
Boundary Encryption-Based Monte Carlo Learning Method for Workspace Modeling
Authors: He Bin , Zhu Xuanren , Zhang Dong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As an important branch of machine learning, Monte Carlo learning has been successfully applied to engineering design optimization and product predictive analysis, such as design optimization of heavy machinery. However, the accuracy of the classical Monte Carlo algorithm is not high enough, and the existing improved Monte Carlo algorithm has a complex calculation process and difficult parameter control. In this paper, the Monte Carlo method based on boundary point densification is proposed to calculate workspace. This paper takes the calculation of 2000T offshore crane workspace as an example to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm. The D-H method is used to establish the workspace model of the offshore crane. The calculation method of crane workspace based on the Monte Carlo learning method with increased boundary point density is discussed in detail, and the correctness of crane workspace is verified. The steps of the algorithm include generate the basic space, extract and draw the boundary, increase the density of boundary points, and cyclic. The rationality of the method is proved by comparing the simulation results with the design experience and calculated values.
Unintentional injuries in Mexico, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Híjar Martha , Pérez-Núñez Ricardo , Hidalgo-Solórzano Elisa , Hernández Prado Bernardo , Valdez-Santiago Rosario , Hamilton Erin B , James Spencer L , Bertolacci Gregory J , Cunningham Matthew , Dingels Zachary V , Fox Jack T , Liu Zichen , Roberts Nicholas L S , Sylte Dillon O , Agudelo-Botero Marcela , Borges Guilherme , Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero , Campos-Nonato Ismael R , Cárdenas Rosario , Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto , Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar , Diaz Daniel , Lansingh Van C , Martinez Gabriel , Montero-Zamora Pablo A , Serván-Mori Edson , Lozano Rafael 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundTo date, the burden of injury in Mexico has not been comprehensively assessed using recent advances in population health research, including those in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017).MethodsWe used GBD 2017 for burden of unintentional injury estimates, including transport injuries, for Mexico and each state in Mexico from 1990 to 2017. We examined subnational variation, age patterns, sex differences and time trends for all injury burden metrics.ResultsUnintentional injury deaths in Mexico decreased from 45 363 deaths (44 662 to 46 038) in 1990 to 42 702 (41 439 to 43 745) in 2017, while age-standardised mortality rates decreased from 65.2 (64.4 to 66.1) in 1990 to 35.1 (34.1 to 36.0) per 100 000 in 2017. In terms of non-fatal outcomes, there were 3 120 211 (2 879 993 to 3 377 945) new injury cases in 1990, which increased to 5 234 214 (4 812 615 to 5 701 669) new cases of injury in 2017. We estimated 2 761 957 (2 676 267 to 2 859 777) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to injuries in Mexico in 1990 compared with 2 376 952 (2 224 588 to 2 551 004) DALYs in 2017. We found subnational variation in health loss across Mexico’s states, including concentrated burden in Tabasco, Chihuahua and Zacatecas.ConclusionsIn Mexico, from 1990 to 2017, mortality due to unintentional injuries has decreased, while non-fatal incident cases have increased. However, unintentional injuries continue to cause considerable mortality and morbidity, with patterns that vary by state, age, sex and year. Future research should focus on targeted interventions to decrease injury burden in high-risk populations.
Child maltreatment surveillance following the ICD-10-CM transition, 2016-2018
Authors: Hunter Amy A , Livingston Nina , DiVietro Susan , Schwab Reese Laura , Bentivegna Kathryn , Bernstein Bruce 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundChild maltreatment is poorly documented in clinical data. The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) represents the first time that confirmed and suspected child maltreatment can be distinguished in medical coding. The utility of this distinction in practice remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the application of these codes by patient demographic characteristics and injury type.MethodsWe conducted secondary data analysis of emergency department (ED) discharge records of children under 18 years with an ICD-10-CM code for confirmed (T74) or suspected (T76) child maltreatment. Child age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status and co-occurring injuries (S00-T88) were compared by maltreatment type (confirmed or suspected).ResultsFrom 2016 to 2018, child maltreatment was documented in 1650 unique ED visits, or 21.7 per 10 000 child ED visits. Suspected maltreatment was documented most frequently (58%). Half of all maltreatment-related visits involved sexual abuse, most often in females and individuals of non-Hispanic white race. Physical abuse was coded in 36% of visits; injuries to the head were predominant. Non-Hispanic black children were more frequently documented with confirmed physical abuse than suspected (38.7% vs 23.7%, p<0.01). The rate of co-occurring injuries documented with confirmed and suspected maltreatment differed by 30% (9.2 vs 12.5 per 10 000 ED visits, respectively).ConclusionsThe ability to discriminate confirmed and suspected maltreatment may help mitigate clinical barriers to maltreatment surveillance associated with delayed diagnosis and subsequent intervention. Racial disparities in suspected and confirmed cases were identified which may indicate biased diagnostic behaviours in the ED.
Mesenchymal folliculin is required for alveolar development: implications for cystic lung disease in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
Authors: Chu Ling , Luo Yongfeng , Chen Hui , Miao Qing , Wang Larry , Moats Rex , Wang Tiansheng , Kennedy John C , Henske Elizabeth P , Shi Wei 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPulmonary cysts and spontaneous pneumothorax are presented in most patients with Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, which is caused by loss of function mutations in thefolliculin(FLCN) gene. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the cystic lung disease in BHD are poorly understood.MethodsMesenchymalFlcnwas specifically deleted in mice or in cultured lung mesenchymal progenitor cells using a Cre/loxP approach. Dynamic changes in lung structure, cellular and molecular phenotypes and signalling were measured by histology, immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting.ResultsDeletion ofFlcnin mesoderm-derived mesenchymal cells results in significant reduction of postnatal alveolar growth and subsequent alveolar destruction, leading to cystic lesions. Cell proliferation and alveolar myofibroblast differentiation are inhibited in theFlcnknockout lungs, and expression of the extracellular matrix proteins Col3a1 and elastin are downregulated. Signalling pathways including mTORC1, AMP-activated protein kinase, ERK1/2 and Wnt-β-catenin are differentially affected at different developmental stages. All the above changes have statistical significance (p<0.05).ConclusionsMesenchymal Flcn is an essential regulator during alveolar development and maintenance, through multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. The mesenchymalFlcnknockout mouse model provides the first in vivo disease model that may recapitulate the stages of cyst development in human BHD. These findings elucidate the developmental origins and mechanisms of lung disease in BHD.
Prediagnostic 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Relation to Tumor Molecular Alterations and Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Peng Cheng , Heng Yujing J. , Lu Donghao , DuPre Natalie C. , Kensler Kevin H. , Glass Kimberly , Zeleznik Oana A. , Kraft Peter , Feldman David , Hankinson Susan E. , Rexrode Kathryn , Eliassen A. Heather , Tamimi Rulla M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Although vitamin D inhibits breast tumor growth in experimental settings, the findings from population-based studies remain inconclusive. Our goals were to investigate the association between prediagnostic plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and breast cancer recurrence in prospective epidemiologic studies and to explore the molecular underpinnings linking 25(OH)D to slower progression of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS, N = 659).Methods:Plasma 25(OH)D was measured with a high-affinity protein-binding assay and a radioimmunoassay. We profiled transcriptome-wide gene expression in breast tumors using microarrays. Hazard ratios (HR) of breast cancer recurrence were estimated from covariate-adjusted Cox regressions. We examined differential gene expression in association with 25(OH)D and employed pathway analysis. We derived a gene expression score for 25(OH)D, and assessed associations between the score and cancer recurrence.Results:Although 25(OH)D was not associated with breast cancer recurrence overall [HR = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88–1.08], the association varied by estrogen-receptor (ER) status (Pinteraction = 0.005). Importantly, among ER-positive stage I to III cancers, every 5 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a 13% lower risk of recurrence (HR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76–0.99). A null association was observed for ER-negative cancers (HR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.91–1.27). Pathway analysis identified multiple gene sets that were significantly (FDR &lt; 5%) downregulated in ER-positive tumors of women with high 25(OH)D (≥30 ng/mL), compared with those with low levels (&lt;30 ng/mL). These gene sets are primarily involved in tumor proliferation, migration, and inflammation. 25(OH)D score derived from these gene sets was marginally associated with reduced risk of recurrence in ER-positive diseases (HR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59–1.01) in the NHS studies; however no association was noted in METABRIC, suggesting that further refinement is need to improve the generalizability of the score.Conclusions:Our findings support an intriguing line of research for studies to better understand the mechanisms underlying the role of vitamin D in breast tumor progression, particularly for the ER-positive subtype.Impact:Vitamin D may present a personal-level secondary-prevention strategy for ER-positive breast cancer.
Targeting NAD+ Biosynthesis Overcomes Panobinostat and Bortezomib-Induced Malignant Glioma Resistance
Authors: Jane Esther P. , Premkumar Daniel R. , Thambireddy Swetha , Golbourn Brian , Agnihotri Sameer , Bertrand Kelsey C. , Mack Stephen C. , Myers Max I. , Chattopadhyay Ansuman , Taylor D. Lansing , Schurdak Mark E. , Stern Andrew M. , Pollack Ian F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

To improve therapeutic responses in patients with glioma, new combination therapies that exploit a mechanistic understanding of the inevitable emergence of drug resistance are needed. Intratumoral heterogeneity enables a low barrier to resistance in individual patients with glioma. We reasoned that targeting two or more fundamental processes that gliomas are particularly dependent upon could result in pleiotropic effects that would reduce the diversity of resistant subpopulations allowing convergence to a more robust therapeutic strategy. In contrast to the cytostatic responses observed with each drug alone, the combination of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib synergistically induced apoptosis of adult and pediatric glioma cell lines at clinically achievable doses. Resistance that developed was examined using RNA-sequencing and pharmacologic screening of resistant versus drug-naïve cells. Quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT), the rate-determining enzyme for de novo synthesis of NAD+ from tryptophan, exhibited particularly high differential gene expression in resistant U87 cells and protein expression in all resistant lines tested. Reducing QPRT expression reversed resistance, suggesting that QPRT is a selective and targetable dependency for the panobinostat–bortezomib resistance phenotype. Pharmacologic inhibition of either NAD+ biosynthesis or processes such as DNA repair that consume NAD+ or their simultaneous inhibition with drug combinations, specifically enhanced apoptosis in treatment-resistant cells. Concomitantly, de novo vulnerabilities to known drugs were observed.

Implications:
These data provide new insights into mechanisms of treatment resistance in gliomas, hold promise for targeting recurrent disease, and provide a potential strategy for further exploration of next-generation inhibitors.
Deconstructing Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma by Targeting the Conductor, MYC
Authors: English Isabel A. , Sears Rosalie C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Sodir and colleagues employ a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mouse model with mutant KRAS and inducible MYC to demonstrate that MYC acts as a reversible driver of malignant tumor progression. Abrogation of MYC triggers rapid regression and disassembly of the ensemble tumor through both cancer cell–intrinsic and cancer cell–extrinsic mechanisms, providing a compelling rationale for therapeutic targeting of MYC.
See related article by Sodir et al., p. 588.
Building a Democratic Developmental State in Post-Colonial Africa: South Africa at the Glance
Authors: Mamogale Majuta Judas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Failures of neo-liberalism in Africa through Structural Adjustment Program in the 1980s and 1990s compelled many post-colonial African states to seek alternative growth models to transform and grow their economies. Inspired by the economic success of Asian region, South Africa seeks to replicate the Asian developmental model to transform and industrialise its economy. Reviewing only the literature, the paper found that despite displaying so many similarities with East and South Asian developmental states, the rhetoric for the replication of the Asian developmental state model in South Africa works like a pendulum thus adopting a topsy-turvy approach. The notion of a developmental state is elevated through policy pronouncement and government commitments through the medium term and long-term strategic frameworks for the country. Despite displaying so many similarities with Asian developmental states, affixing the label of a developmental state onto the country by South Africans themselves is not going to make it one.
Radio Communication for Forest Conservation in Tanzania: a SWOC Analysis
Authors: Zacharia Malima , Andindilile Michael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges (SWOC) associated with the power of radio in communicating forests information to enhance community responsiveness to forest conservation in Tanzania. Data collection entailed the analysis of the content of a series of Urithi Wetu (Our Heritage) programme produced and aired by the Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation (TBC) radio, conducting interviews with key informants, administering questionnaires with citizens living adjacent to forests, and holding focus group discussions (FGDs) with the villagers in the study area. The study established that, to some extent, radio presents some opportunities for easy communication of forest conservation information in a bid to influence communities to take the intended conservation action. On the other hand, the study found that factors such as poor packaging of forest information, lack of participation of the rural-based citizens in the programmes, and poverty among community members limited the power of the radio to influence effectively citizens to conserve forests.
The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health
Authors: Torales Julio , O’Higgins Marcelo , Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio , Ventriglio Antonio 
Published: April 2020

Background: The current outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus infection among humans in Wuhan (China) and its spreading around the globe is heavily impacting on the global health and mental health. Despite all resources employed to counteract the spreading of the virus, additional global strategies are needed to handle the related mental health issues. Methods: Published articles concerning mental health related to the COVID-19 outbreak and other previous global infections have been considered and reviewed. Comments: This outbreak is leading to additional health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, anger and fear globally. Collective concerns influence daily behaviors, economy, prevention strategies and decision-making from policy makers, health organizations and medical centers, which can weaken strategies of COVID-19 control and lead to more morbidity and mental health needs at global level.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus across age groups
Authors: Massias J S , Smith E M D , Al-Abadi E , Armon K , Bailey K , Ciurtin C , Davidson J , Gardner-Medwin J , Haslam K , Hawley D P , Leahy A , Leone V , McErlane F , Mewar D , Modgil G , Moots R , Pilkington C , Ramanan A V , Rangaraj S , Riley P , Sridhar A , Wilkinson N , Beresford M W , Hedrich C M 
Published: April 2020

Background Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune/inflammatory condition. Approximately 15–20% of patients develop symptoms before their 18th birthday and are diagnosed with juvenile-onset SLE (JSLE). Gender distribution, clinical presentation, disease courses and outcomes vary significantly between JSLE patients and individuals with adult-onset SLE. This study aimed to identify age-specific clinical and/or serological patterns in JSLE patients enrolled to the UK JSLE Cohort Study. Methods Patient records were accessed and grouped based on age at disease-onset: pre-pubertal (≤7 years), peri-pubertal (8–13 years) and adolescent (14–18 years). The presence of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria, laboratory results, disease activity [British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2 K) scores] and damage [Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) damage index] were evaluated at diagnosis and last follow up. Results A total of 418 JSLE patients were included in this study: 43 (10.3%) with pre-pubertal disease onset; 240 (57.4%) with peri-pubertal onset and 135 (32.3%) were diagnosed during adolescence. At diagnosis, adolescent JSLE patients presented with a higher number of ACR criteria when compared with pre-pubertal and peri-pubertal patients [pBILAG2004 scores: 9(4–20] vs. 7(3–13] vs. 7(3–14], respectively, p = 0.015] with increased activity in the following BILAG domains: mucocutaneous ( p = 0.025), musculoskeletal ( p = 0.029), renal ( p = 0.027) and cardiorespiratory ( p = 0.001). Furthermore, adolescent JSLE patients were more frequently ANA-positive ( p = 0.034) and exhibited higher anti-dsDNA titres ( p = 0.001). Pre-pubertal individuals less frequently presented with leukopenia ( p = 0.002), thrombocytopenia ( p = 0.004) or low complement ( p = 0.002) when compared with other age groups. No differences were identified in disease activity (pBILAG2004 score), damage (SLICC damage index) and the number of ACR criteria fulfilled at last follow up. Conclusions Disease presentations and laboratory findings vary significantly between age groups within a national cohort of JSLE patients. Patients diagnosed during adolescence exhibit greater disease activity and “classic” autoantibody, immune cell and complement patterns when compared with younger patients. This supports the hypothesis that pathomechanisms may vary between patient age groups.
CT perfusion core and ASPECT score prediction of outcomes in DEFUSE 3
Authors: Kim-Tenser May , Mlynash Michael , Lansberg Maarten G , Tenser Matthew , Bulic Sebina , Jagadeesan Bharathi , Christensen Soren , Simpkins Alexis , Albers Gregory W , Marks Michael P , Heit Jeremy J 
Published: April 2020

Background The role of Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) for thrombectomy patient selection and prognostication in late time windows is unknown. Aims We compared baseline ASPECTS and core infarction determined by CT perfusion (CTP) as predictors of clinical outcome in the Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke 3 (DEFUSE) 3 trial. Methods We included all DEFUSE 3 patients with baseline non-contrast CT and CTP imaging. ASPECTS and core infarction were determined by the DEFUSE 3 core laboratory. Primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2). Secondary outcomes included ordinal mRS shift at 90 days and final core infarction volume. Results Of the 142 patients, 85 patients (60%) had ASPECTS 8–10 and 57 (40%) had ASPECTS 5–7. Thirty-one patients (36%) with ASPECTS 8–10 and 11 patients (19%) with ASPECTS 5–7 were functionally independent at 90 days ( p = 0.03). In the primary and secondary logistic regression analysis, there was no difference in ordinal mRS shift ( p = 0.98) or functional independence (mRS ≤ 2; p = 0.36) at 90 days between ASPECTS 8–10 and ASPECTS 5–7 patients. Similarly, primary and secondary logistic regression analyses found no difference in ordinal mRS shift ( p = 1.0) or functional independence (mRS ≤ 2; p = 0.87) at 90 days between patients with baseline small core ( < 50 ml) versus medium core (50–70 ml). Conclusions Higher ASPECTS (8–10) correlated with functional independence at 90 days in the DEFUSE trial. ASPECTS and core infarction volume did not modify the thrombectomy treatment effect, which indicates that patients with a target mismatch profile on perfusion imaging should undergo thrombectomy regardless of ASPECTS or core infarction volume in late time windows.