bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycetoma caused by Microsporum canis in a patient with renal transplant: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Teo Teddy S. P. , Crawford Lucy C. , Pilch Wiktor T. , Carney Bernard , Solanki Nicholas , Kidd Sarah E. , Warner Morgyn S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrosporum canis is a dermatophyte known to cause superficial skin infections. In immunocompromised patients, it can lead to invasive dermatophytosis. We present a case of biopsy‐proven left knee mycetoma caused by M canis in a renal transplant patient. Identification of M canis was achieved via sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer regions. Treatment involved surgical debridement, oral posaconazole, and reduction in immunosuppression. In addition, we provide a review of current literature on invasive M canis infections.
Epidemiology and risk factors for varicella zoster virus reactivation in heart transplant recipients
Authors: La Hoz Ricardo M. , Wallace Ashley , Barros Nicolas , Xie Donglu , Hynan Linda S. , Liu Terrence , Yek Christina , Schexnayder Scott , Grodin Justin L. , Garg Sonia , Drazner Mark H. , Peltz Matthias , Haley Robert W. , Greenberg David E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeart transplant (HT) recipients are at higher risk of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. Risk factors for VZV reactivation are currently not well defined, impeding the ability to design and implement strategies to minimize the burden of this illness in this population. Automated data extraction tools were used to retrieve data from the electronic health record (EHR) of all adult HT recipients at our center between 2010 and 2016. Information from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Standard Analysis and Research Files was merged with the extracted data. Potential cases were manually reviewed and adjudicated using consensus definitions. Cumulative incidence and risk factors for VZV reactivation in HT recipients were assessed by the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox modeling, respectively. In 203 HT recipients, the cumulative incidence of VZV reactivation at 8‐years post‐transplantation was 26.4% (95% CI: 17.8‐38.0). The median time to VZV reactivation was 2.1 years (IQR, 1.5‐4.1). Half (14/28) of the cases experienced post‐herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Post‐transplant CMV infection (HR 9.05 [95% CI: 3.76‐21.77) and post‐transplant pulse‐dose steroids (HR 3.19 [95% CI: 1.05‐9.68]) were independently associated with a higher risk of VZV reactivation in multivariable modeling. Identification of risk factors will aid in the development of targeted preventive strategies.
Coronavirus disease‐19 deaths among children and adolescents in an area of Northeast, Brazil: why so many?
Authors: de Siqueira Alves Lopes Aline , Fontes Vieira Sarah Cristina , Lima Santos Porto Roseane , Santana Santos Victor , Fontes Leite Debora Cristina , Eduardo Cuevas Luis , Queiroz Gurgel Ricardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe COVID‐19 deaths among children and adolescents in Sergipe, Brazil.MethodsEcological study of all COVID‐19 reported cases and deaths occurring in children and adolescents < 19 years of age in Sergipe reported by the health surveillance and mortality information systems of Sergipe’s Health Secretary and hospital records.ResultsOf 37 deaths of children < 19 years old were reported up to 30 September 2020, corresponding to 4.87 deaths for 100 000 population < 19 years old. Most deaths occurred among infants (44.1/100 000), and this age group had the highest case fatality rate (15.3 %). Most children had comorbidities such as chronic neurological diseases (n = 7; 19%) and prematurity (n = 4; 11%). Most children who died (n = 18; 49%) were not admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).ConclusionCOVID‐19 mortality in children and adolescents in Sergipe was higher than in other Brazilian states and in high‐income countries. A large proportion of the deaths occurred among children with comorbidities and a minority of children were admitted to ICU, reflecting the limited provision of such beds in the State. Newborns and infants are a high‐risk group that must have priority in health public policy.
Spatiotemporal distribution and socioeconomic disparities of dengue, chikungunya and Zika in two Latin American cities from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Carabali Mabel , Harper Sam , Lima Neto Antonio S. , dos Santos de Sousa Geziel , Caprara Andrea , Restrepo Berta Nelly , Kaufman Jay S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the presence, pattern and magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities on dengue, chikungunya and Zika in Latin America, accounting for their spatiotemporal distribution.MethodsUsing longitudinal surveillance data (reported arboviruses) from Fortaleza, Brazil and Medellin, Colombia (2007–2017), we fit Bayesian hierarchical models with structured random effects to estimate: (i) spatiotemporally adjusted incidence rates; (ii) Relative Concentration Index and Absolute Concentration Index of inequality; (iii) temporal trends in RCIs; and (iv) socioeconomic‐specific estimates of disease distribution. The spatial analysis was conducted at the neighbourhood level (urban settings). The socioeconomic measures were the median monthly household income (MMHI) for Brazil and the Socio‐Economic Strata index (SES) in Colombia.ResultsThere were 281 426 notified arboviral cases in Fortaleza and 40 887 in Medellin. We observed greater concentration of dengue among residents of low socioeconomic neighbourhoods in both cities: Relative Concentration Index = −0.12 (95% CI = −0.13, −0.10) in Fortaleza and Relative Concentration Index = −0.04 (95% CI = −0.05, −0.03) in Medellin. The magnitude of inequalities varied over time across sites and was larger during outbreaks. We identified a non‐monotonic association between disease rates and socioeconomic measures, especially for chikungunya, that changed over time. The Relative Concentration Index and Absolute Concentration Index showed few if any inequalities for Zika. The socioeconomic‐specific model showed increased disease rates at MMHI below US$400 in Brazil and at SES‐index below level four, in Colombia.ConclusionsWe provide robust quantitative estimates of socioeconomic inequalities in arboviruses for two Latin American cities. Our findings could inform policymaking by identifying spatial hotspots for arboviruses and targeting strategies to decrease disparities at the local level.
Foliar water and solute absorption: an update
Authors: Fernández Victoria , Gil‐Pelegrín Eustaquio , Eichert Thomas 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYThe absorption of water and solutes by plant leaves has been recognised since more than two centuries. Given the polar nature of water and solutes, the mechanisms of foliar uptake have been proposed to be similar for water and electrolytes, including nutrient solutions. Research efforts since the 19th century focussed on characterising the properties of cuticles and applying foliar sprays to crop plants as a tool for improving crop nutrition. This was accompanied by the development of hundreds of studies aimed at characterising the chemical and structural nature of plant cuticles from different species and the mechanisms of cuticular and, to a lower extent, stomatal penetration of water and solutes. The processes involved are complex and will be affected by multiple environmental, physico‐chemical and physiological factors which are only partially clear to date. During the last decades, the body of evidence that water transport across leaf surfaces of native species may contribute to water balances (absorption and loss) at an ecosystem level has grown. Given the potential importance of foliar water absorption for many plant species and ecosystems as shown in recent studies, the aim of this review is to first integrate current knowledge on plant surface composition, structure, wettability and physico‐chemical interactions with surface‐deposited matter. The different mechanisms of foliar absorption of water and electrolytes and experimental procedures for tracing the uptake process are discussed before posing several outstanding questions which should be tackled in future studies.
Visualizing vinca alkaloids in the petal of Catharanthus roseus using functionalized titanium oxide nanowire substrate for surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Dutkiewicz Ewelina P. , Su Chun‐Han , Lee Han‐Jung , Hsu Cheng‐Chih , Yang Yu‐Liang 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYImaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful technique that enables analysis of various molecular species at a high spatial resolution with low detection limits. In contrast to the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) approach, surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) can be more effective in the detection of small molecules due to the absence of interfering background signals in low m/z ranges. We developed a functionalized TiO2 nanowire as a solid substrate for IMS of low‐molecular‐weight species in plant tissues. We prepared TiO2 nanowires using an inexpensive modified hydrothermal process and subsequently functionalized them chemically with various silane analogs to overcome the problem of superhydrophilicity of the substrate. Chemical modification changed the selectivity of imprinting of samples deposited on the substrate surface and thus improved the detection limits. The substrate was applied to image distribution of the metabolites in very fragile specimens such as the petal of Catharanthus roseus. We observed that the metabolites are distributed heterogeneously in the petal, which is consistent with previous results reported for the C. roseus plant leaf and stem. The intermediates corresponding to the biosynthesis pathway of some vinca alkaloids were clearly shown in the petal. We also performed profiling of petals from five different cultivars of C. roseus plant. We verified the semi‐quantitative capabilities of the imprinting/imaging approach by comparing results using the LC‐MS analysis of the plant extracts. This suggested that the functionalized TiO2 nanowire substrate‐based SALDI is a powerful technique complementary to MALDI‐MS.
Evaluation of A plasma for incompatible patients
Authors: Olsen Gregory , Passwater Michael , Huggins Monique , Mukhtar Faisal , Pelletier Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlasma transfusion is a critical treatment in managing bleeding patients. In an effort to make plasma immediately available in spite of the limited amount of AB plasma, providers have begun using A plasma in life‐threatening emergencies. As this practice becomes widely adopted it is important to evaluate safety. Hemolytic transfusions reactions are underreported, and hemolysis may be subclinical.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective study was performed at the University of Florida/Shands Hospital of B and AB patients who received 1 unit or more of A plasma. Patient charts were reviewed and data collected included age; sex; mortality; intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay; and laboratory tests used in identifying hemolysis including direct antiglobulin test, lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, indirect bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, urinalysis, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. The primary end points of the study were immune mediated hemolysis, mortality, and length of ICU stay.ResultsNinety‐three patients were identified as eligible for the study. One patient suffered a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction determined to be due to an anti‐Jka. No evidence of hemolysis due to ABO‐incompatible plasma transfusion was identified. The volume of A plasma transfused was found to be weakly related to mortality and ICU stay.ConclusionNo evidence of ABO immune‐mediated hemolysis was observed in the patient population. The results of the study support the safety of A plasma transfusion in B and AB patients. We hypothesize the relationship observed between A plasma volume and mortality/ICU stay may be from collinearity with disease severity.
Systematic characterization of morphotectonic variability along the Cascadia convergent margin: Implications for shallow megathrust behavior and tsunami hazards
Authors: Watt Janet T. , Brothers Daniel S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies of recent destructive megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis along subduction margins in Japan, Sumatra, and Chile have linked forearc morphology and structure to megathrust behavior. This connection is based on the idea that spatial variations in the frictional behavior of the megathrust influence the tectono-morphological evolution of the upper plate. Here we present a comprehensive examination of the tectonic geomorphology, outer wedge taper, and structural vergence along the marine forearc of the Cascadia subduction zone (offshore northwestern North America). The goal is to better understand geologic controls on outer wedge strength and segmentation at spatial scales equivalent to rupture lengths of large earthquakes (≥M 6.7), and to examine potential linkages with shallow megathrust behavior.We use cross-margin profiles, spaced 25 km apart, to characterize along-strike variation in outer wedge width, steepness, and structural vergence (measured between the toe and the outer arc high). The width of the outer wedge varies between 17 and 93 km, and the steepness ranges from 0.9° to 6.5°. Hierarchical cluster analysis of outer wedge width and steepness reveals four distinct regions that also display unique patterns of structural vergence and shape of the wedge: Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada (average width, linear wedge, seaward and mixed vergence); Washington, USA (higher width, concave wedge, landward and mixed vergence); northern and central Oregon, USA (average width, linear and convex wedge, mixed and seaward vergence); and southern Oregon and northern California, USA (lower width, convex wedge, seaward and mixed vergence). Variability in outer wedge morphology and structure is broadly associated with along-strike megathrust segmentation inferred from differences in oceanic asthenospheric velocities, patterns of episodic tremor and slow slip, GPS models of plate locking, and the distribution of seismicity near the plate interface. In more detail, our results appear to delineate the extent, geometry, and lithology of dynamic and static backstops along the margin. Varying backstop configurations along the Cascadia margin are interpreted to represent material-strength contrasts within the wedge that appear to regulate the along- and across-strike taper and structural vergence in the outer wedge. We argue that the morphotectonic variability in the outer wedge may reflect spatial variations in shallow megathrust behavior occurring over roughly the last few million years. Comparing outer wedge taper along the Cascadia margin to a global compilation suggests that observations in the global catalog are not accurately representing the range of heterogeneity within individual margins and highlights the need for detailed margin-wide morphotectonic analyses of subduction zones worldwide.
Concentric and eccentric isokinetic hamstring injury risk among 582 professional elite soccer players: a 10-years retrospective cohort study
Authors: Burigo Ricardo Lima , Scoz Robson Dias , Alves Bruno Mazziotti de Oliveira , da Silva Rubens Alexandre , Melo-Silva Cesar Augusto , Vieira Edgar Ramos , Hirata Rogerio Pessoto , Amorim Cesar Ferreira 
Published: November 2020

Background/AimDifferent authors have tried to correlate the peak isokinetic torque values with the incidence of soccer match injuries. However, due to the wide variety of assessment testing protocols, such an inference becomes difficult. This study aimed to verify the capacity of an isokinetic test to establish injury risk reference values for hamstring strain injuries.MethodsA retrospective cohort study based on isokinetic data and clinical records from the last 10 years was conducted in 582 Brazilian elite-professional soccer players, who were subjected to the same isokinetic test protocol, machine, and tester. A Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis for Complex Data Sampling was used to generate injury risk statistical indexes.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis of both legs provided important data to identify the cut-off values of Concentric Peak Torque (181.82 Newton/*metres), Concentric Work (236.23 watts) and Concentric Power (130.11 joules).ConclusionsThe injury risk indexes indicate that an increase of just one Newton unit in CPT (Concentric Peak Torque) and CJ (Concentric Power) above those cut-off values, can reduce the risk of future injuries by 2% and 2.7%, respectively.
An answer to a conjecture on the sum of element orders
Authors: Baniasad Azad Morteza , Khosravi Behrooz , Jafarpour Morteza 
Published: November 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the order of [Formula: see text]. The function [Formula: see text] was introduced by Tărnăuceanu. In [M. Tărnăuceanu, Detecting structural properties of finite groups by the sum of element orders, Israel J. Math. (2020), doi:10.1007/s11856-020-2033-9], some lower bounds for [Formula: see text] are determined such that if [Formula: see text] is greater than each of them, then [Formula: see text] is cyclic, abelian, nilpotent, supersolvable and solvable. Also, an open problem aroused about finite groups [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is equal to the amount of each lower bound. In this paper, we give an answer to the equality condition which is a partial answer to the open problem posed by Tărnăuceanu. Also, in [M. Baniasad Azad and B. Khosravi, A criterion for p-nilpotency and p-closedness by the sum of element orders, Commun. Algebra (2020), doi:10.1080/00927872.2020.1788571], it is shown that: If [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a prime number, then [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is cyclic. As the next result, we show that if [Formula: see text] is not a [Formula: see text]-nilpotent group and [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text].
Detainee Operations in Ukraine
Authors: Teleki Cristina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Detention operations have been a salient feature of the military conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Often referred to as exchanges or swaps of detainees, the operations leading to the simultaneous release and transfer of detainees (srtd) offer fertile terrain for inquiring about the applicability of international humanitarian law (ihl) and international human rights law (ihrl). This article attempts to fill a gap in the literature on detention operations outside the war on terror framework. It offers a chronological review of the detention operations that have taken place in Ukraine since the beginning of the military conflict. This paper then follows a classical two-step analysis first of ihl, ihrl and domestic law provisions applicable to srtds and, second, of the impact of these provisions on the human rights protection of the persons involved. The preliminary conclusions of this analysis indicate that, despite the praise of the international community for the srtds in Ukraine, human rights violations have resulted from srtds. More specifically, the legal framework under which srtds take place appears to be a ‘cocktail’ of ihl and ihrl provisions. Certainly, srtds have attracted international media coverage and support for Ukraine. At the same time, however, the ‘hidden cost’ of these operations begins to be understood as well because the legal status of many participants in the srtds appears to worsen, access to justice appears to be hampered and the independence of justice appears to be threatened as a result of these operations.
Unanticipated Movements: Examining the Role of ICT in Leadership and Decision Making during the Shahbag Protests in Bangladesh
Authors: Sharma Shudipta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in leadership and decision making in social movements. To do so, this study examines the 2013 Shahbag protests in Bangladesh through the lens of new social movement theories. The study employs a multi-level and multi-method approach in analyzing the protests. It finds that, along with traditional communication tools, ICT played an important role in the leadership and decision-making process in the first three days of the protests that made it an example of new social movement. However, when the political party members captured the protests, it became a hybrid. I argue that the new network society formed by using ICT changes the communication pattern among activists, the nature of leadership, and the process of decision making of a movement and that this differentiates it from other conventional social movements.
Injection Laryngoplasty for the Treatment of Type 1 Laryngeal Clefts: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Al-Alawneh Mohammad , Caballero Ladd , DeBroux Elijah , Herr Michael J. , Petro Amy Claire , Thompson Jerome , McLevy Jennifer , Wood Joshua , Mamidala Madhu , Sheyn Anthony 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Standards for treatment of laryngeal clefts remain poorly defined. There are no large case series that report the efficacy of injection laryngoplasty (IL) in the treatment of pediatric Type 1 laryngeal clefts (LC-1). The objective of this study is to measure the effect of IL in young children with LC-1. Methods: A retrospective case series of 130 patients was completed over 3 years at a at a single institution included patients aged 1 month to 8 years, diagnosed with aspiration and penetration issues during swallowing based on a Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS). Patients underwent surgical evaluation and intervention using carboxymethylcellulose gel injection. Collected data points included age in months at time of first injection, gender, race, pre- and post-operation VFSS scores, number of injections, co-morbidities and post-operative complications. VFSS scores were evaluated pre- and post-operatively to assess efficacy of intervention. A secondary outcome was efficacy in patients with aspiration compared to those with penetration alone. Results: This study included 77 male and 53 female patients. Sixty-two patients (48%) demonstrated a significant post-operative improvement in their swallowing function ( P < .05). There were no statistical differences in age, number of injections, or the volume of the first injection. Patients that showed a post-operative improvement in swallowing function were on average 5 months older and had more severe aspiration and penetration compared to those who did not demonstrate a post-operative benefit and underwent less injections. The volume of injection did not appear to play a role in the success rate. Conclusion: Injecting the inter-arytenoid area in patients with LC-1 appears to confer some benefit to close to half of our patient population. Successful procedures seemed to occur in patients with more severe aspiration and penetration and older age.