bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Malnutrition and Functional Disability in Selected Community-Dwelling Geriatric Population in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Mohammad Rahanur , Hossain Md. Shahadat , Chowdhury Akibul Islam , Akhter Marufa , Mamun Abdullah Al , Reza Sompa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe average life expectancy of the Bangladeshi population has been rising over the last decade due to the economic growth along with improved medicare. Although the increased number of geriatric people and their health is a matter of great concern, this issue remains unnoticed here.ObjectivesTo assess the nutritional status of the functionality and to analyze the association between nutritional status and functional ability of the selected Bangladeshi geriatric population.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 participants, covering Chittagong, Noakhali, Comilla, and Jessore district of Bangladesh from December 2019 to February 2020. A standard and pretested questionnaire containing Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), Activities of daily living scale (ADL), Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), was used.ResultsAccording to our study, The prevalence of malnutrition and people at risk of malnutrition have been 25.4% and 58.8%, respectively. In the case of functionality, 63.3% of subjects have high falling risk, and 61.8% of subjects can independently do their daily activities while 38.3% are dependent. Furthermore, almost 80% of people are dependent in terms of doing living skills. High risk of falling (OR=10.823; 95% CI: 5.846-20.37; p<0.001), poor skill in doing ADL (OR=6.206; 95% CI: 4.021-9.581; p<0.001), along with dependency in performing IADL (OR=4.477; 95% CI: 2.833-7.075; p<0.001) are significantly associated with malnutrition.ConclusionsGeriatric malnutrition can accelerate disability conditions, which can lead to early functional aging and subsequent loss in the quality of life.
Technological Properties Of Milk For Cheese Making With The Use Of Antioxidants In Diets For Cows With Subtoxic Dose Of Nitrates
Authors: Kokaeva Marina G. , Temiraev Rustem B. , Chabaev Magomed G. , Nekrasov Roman V. , Tsis E.Yu. , Kairov Valery R. , Nikkolova Bella S. , Edigova Saida N. , Konokova Bela A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe most effective means for denitrifying products and fat oxidation processes is to prevent contamination of grain at all stages of cultivation, processing and storage. If it was not possible to prevent these processes, it is necessary to use preparations that reduce the harmful effects of nitrates, mycotoxins and peroxides. These include antioxidants, adsorbents. The aim of the research was to study the efficiency of use in diets containing a subtoxic dose of nitrates, adsorbent preparations ofSantochinum and Mold-Zap to increase the productivity, physicochemical and technological characteristics of milk of lactating cows. To achieve this goal, scientific and economic experiment was conducted on cows of the Swiss breed.Of the 40 cows, according to the method of analoguepairs, 4 groups of 10 animals each were formed. The combined use of preparations of Santochinum at a dose of 0.5 kg/t and Mold-Zap at a dose of 1.5 kg/t of compound feed contributed to an increase in the milk of cows of the 3rdexperimental group, as compared to the control analogues, of the fat content by 0.21%, protein - by 0.17%, density - by 0.61°A, dry matter by 0.48%, vitamin C by 48.2%, vitamin A by 51.9% with a simultaneous decrease in the nitrate content by 45.1% and nitrite - by 55, 3%. Regarding the control, the milk of the cows of the 3rdexperimental group had more fat globules by 11.9%, but with a smaller diameter - by 17.4%.The addition of these preparations to the diets of cows of the 3rdexperimental grou, contributed to an increase in protein milk by 0.21%, the proportion of casein - by 0.31%, and α-casein - by 4.56%.Inthe sample of cheese from milk of cows of the 3rdexperimental group, there was an increase in the concentration of dry matter by 1.68%, protein in the dry matter - by 1.31%. After homogenization, in the milk of cows of the 3rdexperimental group, the nitrate reductase activity of xanthine oxidase exceeded 2.36 times the sample of production of cows in the control group. This technological technique contributed to the stabilization of pH=5.17 in milk, which activates the process of reducing nitrates and nitrites to ammonia. The lowest concentration of nitrates and nitrites was in the sample of cheese from the milk of animals of the 3rdexperimental group, exceeding in these parameters the control sample by 68.5 and 70.0%.
The Effects Of Heavy Metals On The Morphological And Biochemical Composition Of The Blood Of Young Cattle Taking Into Account Of Breed Features
Authors: Temiraev Rustem B. , Yuldashbaev Yusup A. , Cherchesova Susanna K. , Lamarton Sofia F. , Gappoeva Valentina S. , Kairov Valery R. , Doeva Alja N. , Kalabekov Arthur L. , Kornoukhova Inna I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeavy metals can selectively accumulate in certain organs and remain in them for a long time. As a result, the accumulation of metal in one or another organ may cause strongest intoxication of the animal. The purpose of the research is to study the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of young cattle of different breeds of the dairy and dairy-and-beef direction of productivity fed in the technogenic zone in the RNO-Alania diets with a high content of heavy metals. According to the principle of analogues, taking into account the breed, origin, age, sex and body weight, 4 groups of 10 animals each of different breed were formed: Group I - black and white, Group II - Danish Red, Group III - Swiss, and Group IV - Simmental. The experimental material was statistically processed using the Microsoft Excel software for mathematical analysis. With a tendency of unreliable differences in morphological indices of blood, in diminishing numbers of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, the test breeds should be arranged in the following order: Simmental → Swiss → Red Danish → Black and White. At the same time, as compared to the animals of the black-and-white breed, the young cattle of the Simmental breed showed the best level of intermediate metabolism, which resulted in an increase in total protein and sugar in the blood, which indicates an improvement in their protein and energy metabolism; an increase in the content of albumin in the liquid internal medium and γ-globulins;an increase inconcentration oftotal lipids in serum, respectively, while reducing the level of cholesterol, which indicates an improvement fat metabolism in animals; a significant (P <0.05) decrease in blood saturation with cadmium, lead and zinc, respectively, by 26.8, 48.8 and 30.6%. The highest content of these elements was noted in the wool, then in decreasing order: in bone tissue → liver → muscle tissue → lungs → kidneys. Moreover, between the level of heavy metals in muscles, liver and lungs, on the one hand, and in the wool, bone tissue and kidneys, on the other hand, there was an inversely proportional relationship.
Nanopore direct RNA sequencing detects differential expression between human cell populations
Authors: Gleeson Josie , Lane Tracy A. , Harrison Paul J , Haerty Wilfried , Clark Michael B 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccurately quantifying gene and isoform expression changes is essential to understanding cell functions, differentiation and disease. Therefore, a crucial requirement of RNA sequencing is identifying differential expression. The recent development of long-read direct RNA (dRNA) sequencing has the potential to overcome many limitations of short and long-read sequencing methods that require RNA fragmentation, cDNA synthesis or PCR. dRNA sequences native RNA and can encompass an entire RNA in a single read. However, its ability to identify differential gene and isoform expression in complex organisms is poorly characterised. Using a mixture of synthetic controls and human SH-SY5Y cell differentiation into neuron-like cells, we show that dRNA sequencing accurately quantifies RNA expression and identifies differential expression of genes and isoforms. We generated ∼4 million dRNA reads with a median length of 991 nt. On average, reads covered 74% of SH-SY5Y transcripts and 29% were full-length. Measurement of expression and fold changes between synthetic control RNAs confirmed accurate quantification of genes and isoforms. Differential expression of 231 genes, 291 isoforms, plus 27 isoform switches were detected between undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and samples clustered by differentiation state at the gene and isoform level. Genes upregulated in neuron-like cells were associated with neurogenesis. We further identified >30,000 expressed transcripts including thousands of novel splice isoforms and transcriptional units. Our results establish the ability of dRNA sequencing to identify biologically relevant differences in gene and isoform expression and perform the key capabilities of expression profiling methodologies.
Molecular Determinants of Prognosis and Evolution in Diffuse-Lower Grade Astrocytomas
Authors: Kumar Mehul , Cairncross J Gregory , Blough Michael D , Bose Pinaki 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTLow grade astrocytomas (LGAs) are classified based on the mutational status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene. While IDH wild-type (WT) LGAs evolve rapidly to glioblastoma, mutant tumors generally have a more indolent course. To identify potential drivers of the differential progression of LGAs, we analyzed transcriptomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Compared to mutant LGAs, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling is enriched in WT cases, andPDGFAis the top overexpressed gene in the pathway. Putative mechanisms for differentialPDGFAexpression included copy number gains of chromosome 7 in WT cases and methylation of thePDGFApromoter in mutant LGAs. Additionally, we found that highPDGFAexpression is associated with aneuploidy, immunosuppressive features, and worse prognosis, and that WT LGAs use multiple means to inactivate the p53 pathway to progress to GBM. Our work highlights the contribution of PDGF gene family towards the unique behaviour of LGAs.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEThis study of gene expression in LGAs suggests that differential regulation of the PDGF pathway may underlie the different natural histories ofIDHWT andIDHmutant LGAs including divergent evolutionary trajectories to GBM. This insight may inspire new therapeutic strategies to suppress the transformation of LGAs to higher-grade cancers.
Brain Anatomical Covariation Patterns Linked to Binge Drinking and Age at First Full Drink Prior to 21 Years
Authors: Zhao Yihong , Constable R. Todd , Hien Denise , Chung Tammy , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBinge drinking and age at first full drink of alcohol prior to 21 years (AFD<21) have been linked to neuroanatomical differences in cortical and subcortical grey matter (GM) volume, cortical thickness, and surface area. Despite the potential to reveal novel network-level relationships, structural covariation patterns among these morphological measures have yet to be examined relative to binge drinking and AFD<21. Here, we used the Joint and Individual Variance Explained (JIVE) method to characterize structural covariation patterns common across and specific to morphological measures in 293 participants (149 individuals with binge drinking and 144 healthy controls) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). An independent dataset (Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample; NKI-RS) was used to examine reproducibility/ generalizability. We identified a highly reproducible joint component dominated by structural covariation between GM volume in the brainstem and thalamus proper, and GM volume and surface area in prefrontal cortical regions. Using linear mixed regression models, we found that this joint component was related to AFD<21 in both the HCP and NKI-RS datasets, whereas the individual thickness component associated with binge drinking and AFD<21 in the HCP dataset was not statistically significant in the NKI-RS sample. Taken together, our results show that a highly reproducible structural pattern involving covariation in brain regions relevant to thalamic-PFC-brainstem neural circuitry is linked to age at first full drink.
Exosome-mediated hematopoietic rejuvenation in a humanized mouse model indicate potential for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Greco Steven J. , Ayer Seda , Guiro Khadidiatou , Sinha Garima , Donnelly Robert J. , El-Far Markos , Pamarthi Sri Harika , Sandiford Oleta A. , Gergues Marina , Sherman Lauren S. , Schonning Michael J. , Etchegaray Jean-Pierre , Ponzio Nicholas M. , Ramaswamy Narayanan , Rameshwar Pranela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAging is associated with increased morbidity and high economic costs due to a burdened healthcare system and decreased workforce. Parabiotic animal models indicated that secretome from young cells can restore aged tissue functions. We used a heterochronic co-culture system with young and aged mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) or umbilical cord blood (UCB) and showed hematopoietic restoration, independent of allogeneic difference. Bidirectional communication between the aged and young cells influenced the miRNA cargo of exosomes, resulting in partial reprograming of the aged cells. The restored cells enhanced hematopoiesis (e.g., increased lymphoid:myeloid ratio) in immunodeficient mice bearing autologous aged hematopoietic system. Four exosomal miRNAs targeting PAX and PPMIF were partly responsible for the hematopoietic rejuvenation. Notably, increased natural killer (NK) cells within the restored cells eliminated dormant breast cancer cellsin vivo. The findings could be developed as preventive measure and treatment for sustained immune/hematopoietic competence with potential for immunotherapy.
Real time monitoring of peptidoglycan synthesis by membrane-reconstituted penicillin binding proteins
Authors: Hernández-Rocamora Víctor M. , Baranova Natalia , Peters Katharina , Breukink Eefjan , Loose Martin , Vollmer Waldemar 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTPeptidoglycan is an essential component of the bacterial cell envelope that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane to protect the cell from osmotic lysis. Important antibiotics such as β-lactams and glycopeptides target peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Class A penicillin binding proteins are bifunctional membrane-bound peptidoglycan synthases that polymerize glycan chains and connect adjacent stem peptides by transpeptidation. How these enzymes work in their physiological membrane environment is poorly understood. Here we developed a novel FRET-based assay to follow in real time both reactions of class A PBPs reconstituted in liposomes or supported lipid bilayers and we demonstrate this assay with PBP1B homologues fromEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosaandAcinetobacter baumanniiin the presence or absence of their cognate lipoprotein activator. Our assay allows unravelling the mechanisms of peptidoglycan synthesis in a lipid-bilayer environment and can be further developed to be used for high throughput screening for new antimicrobials.
Evaluation Of Biochemical, Hematological And Antioxidant Properties In Mice Exposed To A Triherbal (Nigella sativa, Carica papaya and Boswellia sacra) Formular
Authors: Kehinde S. , Adebayo S. M. , Adesiyan A. L. , Kade E. A. , Gurpreet K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNigella sativa, Carica papaya and Boswellia sacraare medicinal plants in the commonly used in folkloric medicine due to the presence of its immense therapeutic properties. Fifty (50) female albino mice weighing between 15-22g were divided into five groups of 10 mice each. Animal in group 1 served as control group and were administered distilled water while animal in group 2 were given 2ml of cisplatin (orally). Animal in group 3-5 were given orally; 100 mg/kg (low dose), 200 mg/kg (medium dose) and 400 mg/kg (high dose) of triherbal preparation. The feeding regimens lasted for 28 days. After 28 days, mammary gland and blood samples were collected for haematological and antioxidant analysis. The triherbal formula decreased the GSH and MDA levels of mice treated with 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses compare to control. The measurement of total protein content, SOD and CAT increased in treated animals compared to control. However, RBC (Red Blood Cell) counts significantly decreased in the low, medium and high dose groups (0.95±0.08, 6.57±0.08 and 3.55±0.55 x 106cells/mm3respectively) compared to control (7.34±0.40) at P<0.05. Also, significant decreases (P<0.05) in the level of the total WBC (White Blood Cell) count, platelet count, PCV (Packed Cell Volume) and Hb (haemoglobin) concentration were observed. The decreases were dose dependent. The MCH (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin) and MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration) except MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) significantly decreased in treated group only. The triherbal formulation exhibited significant antioxidant activities showing increased levels of SOD, CAT and Protein content due to activation of the enzyme involve in detoxification of free radicals and decreased in the level of GSH and MDA due to accumulation of peroxides and H2O2. Also, decreased in haematological parameters due to the presence of phytochemicals such as phenol, resins, saponins, sterols, tannis and terpenes in the triherbal formula. Therefore, it has potential to induce haematotoxicity hence consumption of high concentrations should be discouraged.
Stepwise school opening online and off-line and an impact on the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the pediatric population
Authors: Yoon Yoonsun , Kim Kyung-Ran , Park Hwanhee , Kim So young , Kim Yae-Jean 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundData on SARS-CoV-2 transmission from a pediatric index patient to others at the school setting are limited. Epidemiologic data on pediatric COVID-19 cases after school opening is warranted.MethodsWe analyzed data of the pediatric patients with COVID-19 collected from the press release of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Information on the school opening delay and re-opening policies were achieved from the press release from Korean Ministry of Education.FindingsThe school openings were delayed three times in March 2020. Online classes started from April 9, and off-line classes started from May 20 to June 8 at four steps in different grades of students. There was no sudden increase in pediatric cases after the school opening, and the proportion of pediatric cases remained around 7.0% to 7.1%. As of July 11, 45 children from 40 schools and kindergartens were diagnosed with COVID-19 after off-line classes started. More than 11,000 students and staff were tested; only one additional student was found to be infected in the same classroom. Among those 45, 32 (71.1%) patients had available information for the source of infection. Twenty-five (25/45, 55.6%) were infected by the family members. The proportions of pediatric patients without information on infection sources were higher in older age group (middle and high school students) than in younger age group (kindergarten and elementary school students) (47.6%vs12.5%,p=0.010). In the younger age group, 79.1% of children were infected by family members, while only 28.6% of adolescents in the older age group were infected by family members (p<0.001).InterpretationKorea had a successful transition from school closure to re-opening with online and off-line classes. Although partial, off-line school opening did not cause significant school-related outbreak among pediatric population although young children and adolescents may have different epidemiologic features.FundingNone.
Utilisation of Remote Capillary Blood Testing in an Outpatient Clinic Setting to improve shared decision making and patient and clinician experience: a validation and pilot study
Authors: Nwankwo Lisa , McLaren Kate , Donovan Jackie , Ni Melody Zhifang , Vidal-Diaz Alberto , Loebinger Michael , Shah Anand 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn a tertiary respiratory centre, large cohorts of patients are managed in an outpatient setting and require blood tests to monitor disease activity and organ toxicity. This requires either visits to tertiary centres for phlebotomy and physician review or utilisation of primary care services.ObjectivesThis study aims to validate remote capillary blood testing in an outpatient setting and analyse impact on clinical pathways.MethodsA single-centre prospective cross-sectional validation and parallel observational study was performed. Remote finger prick capillary blood testing was validated compared to local standard venesection using comparative statistical analysis: paired t-test, correlation and Bland-Altman. Capillary was considered interchangeable with venous samples if all 3 criteria were met: non-significant paired t-test (i.e. p>0.05), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) >0.8 and 95% of tests within 10% difference through Bland-Altman (Limits of agreement). In parallel, current clinical pathways including phlebotomy practice was analysed over 4 weeks to review test predictability. A subsequent pilot cohort study analysed potential impact of remote capillary blood sampling on shared decision making and outpatient clinical pathways.Results117 paired capillary and venous blood samples were prospectively analysed. Interchangeability with venous blood was seen with HbA1c (%), total protein and CRP. Further tests, although not interchangeable, are likely useful to enable longitudinal remote monitoring (e.g. liver function, total IgE, and vitamin D). 65% of outpatient clinic blood tests were predictable with 16% of patients requiring further contact due to actions required. Pilot implementation of remote capillary sampling showed patient and clinician-reported improvement in shared decision-making given contemporaneous blood test results.ConclusionsRemote capillary blood sampling can be used accurately for specific tests to monitor chronic disease, and when incorporated into an outpatient clinical pathway can improve shared decision making and patient experience. Further research is required to determine health-economic impact and applicability within telemedicine-based outpatient care.