bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service encounter microblog word of mouth and its impact on firm reputation
Authors: Barhorst Jennifer Brannon , Wilson Alan , McLean Graeme James , Brooks Joshua 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
It has now become a normal part of the consumption journey for consumers to share their positive and negative service encounters with firms on microblogs such as Twitter. There is, however, a limited amount of research on service encounter microblog word of mouth (SEMWOM) and its impact on firm reputation from a receiver’s perspective. This study aims to understand the comparative effects of positive and negative valence SEMWOM on receivers’ perceptions of firms’ reputations and the factors that are particularly salient to receivers’ perceptions of firm reputation upon exposure to SEMWOM.

Design/methodology/approach
An experiment exposed 372 Twitter users to positive and negative valence SEMWOM. To determine whether changes in perception of firm reputation occurred on exposure to both positive and negative valence SEMWOM, participants’ perceptions of a range of US airlines were measured before and after exposure to the SEMWOM. To confirm the factors that influence the perception of reputation on such exposure, six structural equation models were created to determine the comparative effects of positive and negative valence SEMWOM among three electronic WOM media as follows: video, photo and text.

Findings
Both positive and negative valence SEMWOM affect receivers’ perceptions of airlines’ reputations on exposure. Furthermore, the factors that influence perceptions of reputation on exposure to SEMWOM vary depending on valence and type of media contained in a tweet.

Originality/value
Although consumers now routinely share their positive and negative service encounters with brands on microblogs, scant research has examined receivers of positive and negative valence SEMWOM, important actors in the microblog domain. This study addresses this research gap by empirically investigating the impact of both positive and negative valence SEMWOM on receivers’ perceptions of firm reputation upon exposure to it.
Cláusulas abusivas en contratos de transporte aéreo de personas: doctrina jurisprudencial sobre el cargo por remisión de tarjeta de embarque
Authors: Cano Ortega Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar uno de los casos más importantes en los últimos años en los que se han declarado nulas ciertas cláusulas abusivas incluidas por las aerolíneas en los contratos de transporte aéreo con los consumidores, en concreto, se trata de la Sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Madrid, sección 28, de 26 de julio de 2017 y, especialmente, se estudiará la cláusula de cargo por remisión de la tarjeta de embarque.

Design/methodology/approach
A través del estudio de la mencionada sentencia, este trabajo mostrará cómo el contrato de transporte aéreo de personas siendo uno de los contratos más importantes actualmente, presenta una situación de especial desequilibrio y desprotección de los consumidores frente a las aerolíneas.

Findings
La falta de poder de negociación de los consumidores, las escasas alternativas que tienen en muchos casos y los precios generalmente altos de este contrato de transporte, hacen imprescindibles dispensar una protección adecuada a los consumidores en este contexto. Esto se puede lograr a través de leyes tuitivas que protejan sus intereses económicos y, especialmente como se analiza en el artículo, mediante la prohibición de cláusulas abusivas en los contratos de transporte aéreo.

Originality/value
El artículo hace un recorrido por algunas de las cláusulas abusivas incluidas en los contratos de transporte aéreo de pasajeros en los últimos años y muestra cómo debe evitarse que las aerolíneas impongan estas cláusulas que perjudican a la parte más débil del contrato y advierte que estamos aún lejos de conseguir una efectiva protección del consumidor en este ámbito como se explica con algún ejemplo final.
Bioactive compounds, associated health benefits and safety considerations of Moringa oleifera L.: an updated review
Authors: Chhikara Navnidhi , Kaur Amolakdeep , Mann Sandeep , Garg M.K. , Sofi Sajad Ahmad , Panghal Anil 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the nutritional and phytochemical value of Moringa oleifera L., along with health benefits. Moringa oleifera, a highly valued plant grown throughout the world and all parts of tree used in different food formulations, possess industrial and therapeutic uses. This plant is gaining popularity because of its nutrient-rich root, leaves, flowers and fruits, having immense traditional medicinal uses and proved pharmacological properties.

Design/methodology/approach
Major well-known bibliometric information sources such as Web of Science, Scopus, Mendeley and Google Scholar were searched with keywords such as nutrition value of Moringa oleifera, bioactive compounds, health benefits, processing and safety were chosen to obtain a database of 1,386 papers. A final database of 70 scientific sources was made after sorting and classifying them according to different criteria based on topic relevance, country of origin and year of publication.

Findings
The literature reflects that Moringa contains all necessary macro, micro-nutrients and bioactive compounds (terpenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, glucosinolates, alkaloids, glycosides and carotenoids). Scientific studies illustrate that M. oleifera and its bioactive constituents could play a vital role in the prevention of several chronic and degenerative diseases associated with oxidation stress. The recent upsurge in consumer interest for health foods has opened up new vistas for plant products containing bioactive compounds in different food formulations.

Originality/value
This paper highlights phytochemicals, pharmacological properties, bio-accessibility, food and industrial applications of Moringa. Moringa pods are traditionally preferred for enlarged liver and spleen, intestinal worms, weakness, neurological disorders and skin disease. A seed is natural and an inexpensive coagulant used to remove organic particles from water.
The association of food insecurity with sociodemographic factors and depression in the elderly population of Qarchak city – Iran
Authors: Rafat Rana , Rezazadeh Arezoo , Arzhang Pishva , Alipourr Abbas 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Elderly people are at higher risk of food insecurity because of limited or uncertain inaccessibility to adequate food supply. This is not only as a result of economic limitation but also as the outcome of the inability to intake food because of cognitive or functional impairment and health problems. Because of the lack of data about food insecurity and depression among the elderly population in Iran, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and depression with food insecurity among the elderly population.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study was performed in 2016 on 720 elderly people of Qarchak city that were selected by the proportional stratified sampling method. Food insecurity was evaluated using the FaCPS-FSSM food security questionnaire; Geriatric Depression Scale questionnaire to measure the score of depression and the socioeconomic questionnaire filled out during interviews. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 22 software.

Findings
Food insecurity was found in 396 (56.1%) of the elderly population. Food insecure elderly population had lower education (P < 0.001). While the percentage of educated individuals who were in food security was 53.2%, the percentage for not educated participants was 28.7%. Household economic status (P < 0.001). Data showed 64.6% of individuals with the normal economic condition were in food security, and the percent for the poor economic condition was 37.2%. Food insecurity was highly associated with depression in the elderly population (odds ratio: 4.76, 8.92 and 3.32 for mild, moderate and severe hunger, respectively, P < 0.001).

Originality/value
Food insecurity is related to low economic status and education. The results of this study indicated that food help from governmental organizations, charities and having health insurance may be associated with reduced risk of food insecurity in the elderly population and consequently lower depression prevalence among them.
The role of sustainability reporting in shareholder perception of tax avoidance
Authors: Rudyanto Astrid , Pirzada Kashan 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of sustainability reporting on the relationship between tax avoidance and firm value. This study also examines the moderating effect of sustainability reporting in both environmentally sensitive firms and non-environmentally sensitive firms.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses moderated panel regression with 596 observations and 734 observations for cash effective tax rate (ETR) and generally accepted accounting principles effective tax rate (GAAP ETR) of firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2014 and 2016. Tax avoidance is measured by both cash ETR and GAAP ETR.

Findings
This paper shows that sustainability reporting moderates the relationship between tax avoidance (GAAP ETR) and firm value. The results show that GAAP ETR has a negative association with firm value in non-environmentally sensitive firms and a positive association with firm value in environmentally sensitive firms. Consequently, the sustainability report alters only the effect of GAAP ETR on firm value in non-environmentally sensitive firms. The results imply that, unlike environmentally sensitive firms, non-environmentally sensitive firms need sustainability reporting to reduce the reputational costs of tax avoidance.

Originality/value
How shareholders view tax avoidance remains unclear; research on this topic often fails to produce a uniform result. The present research fills this gap by using the existence of sustainability reporting as proof of companies’ ethical motivations to moderate the association of tax avoidance and firm value, which has not been discussed in previous research.
nosoi: A stochastic agent‐based transmission chain simulation framework in r
Authors: Lequime Sebastian , Bastide Paul , Dellicour Simon , Lemey Philippe , Baele Guy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The transmission process of an infectious agent creates a connected chain of hosts linked by transmission events, known as a transmission chain. Reconstructing transmission chains remains a challenging endeavour, except in rare cases characterized by intense surveillance and epidemiological inquiry. Inference frameworks attempt to estimate or approximate these transmission chains but the accuracy and validity of such methods generally lack formal assessment on datasets for which the actual transmission chain was observed.

We here introduce nosoi, an open‐source r package that offers a complete, tunable and expandable agent‐based framework to simulate transmission chains under a wide range of epidemiological scenarios for single‐host and dual‐host epidemics. nosoi is accessible through GitHub and CRAN, and is accompanied by extensive documentation, providing help and practical examples to assist users in setting up their own simulations.

Once infected, each host or agent can undergo a series of events during each time step, such as moving (between locations) or transmitting the infection, all of these being driven by user‐specified rules or data, such as travel patterns between locations.

nosoi is able to generate a multitude of epidemic scenarios, that can—for example—be used to validate a wide range of reconstruction methods, including epidemic modelling and phylodynamic analyses. nosoi also offers a comprehensive framework to leverage empirically acquired data, allowing the user to explore how variations in parameters can affect epidemic potential. Aside from research questions, nosoi can provide lecturers with a complete teaching tool to offer students a hands‐on exploration of the dynamics of epidemiological processes and the factors that impact it. Because the package does not rely on mathematical formalism but uses a more intuitive algorithmic approach, even extensive changes of the entire model can be easily and quickly implemented.
Onset time and duration of action of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg in patients above 80 years of age: A comparison with young adults
Authors: Bjerring Cecilie , Vested Matias , Arleth Tobias , Eriksen Kirsten , Albrechtsen Charlotte , Rasmussen Lars S. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe number of elderly is increasing, and a large proportion of these people will require surgery and anaesthesia. However, little data exist regarding rocuronium in patients above 80 years of age. The aim of this study was to determine the onset time and duration of action for rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg in patients above 80 years compared with young adults.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 16 young (18‐40 years) and 16 elderly (>80 years) patients scheduled for total intravenous anaesthesia. Neuromuscular block following rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was monitored with acceleromyography using train‐of‐four (TOF) stimulation. The primary outcome was onset time (from administration of rocuronium until TOF count = 0). Secondary outcomes were duration of action (from administration to TOF ratio >0.9) and intubating conditions according to Intubation Difficulty Score.ResultsElderly patients, median age of 84 years, had significantly prolonged onset time compared to younger patients; median 135 seconds (135‐158) vs 90 seconds (90‐105), respectively, a mean difference of 82 seconds (40‐124) and Wilcoxon Mann‐Whitney odds (WMW) of 19.48 (7.48‐X). Duration of action in elderly patients was significantly longer, with a median time of 81 minute (71‐97) vs 53 minute (42‐73), respectively, a mean difference of 31 minute (14‐48), and WMW odds of 6.35 (2.59‐X). There was no significant difference in intubating conditions.ConclusionsPatients above 80 years had significantly prolonged onset time and duration of action after rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg compared with patients aged 18‐40 years.
Zonisamide as an Adjunctive Treatment to Cognitive Processing Therapy for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Petrakis Ismene , Ralevski Elizabeth , Arias Albert J. , DeNegre Diana , Newcomb Jenelle , Gianoli Mayumi , McCarthy Elissa , Meshberg‐Cohen Sarah , Yoon Gihyun 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesThere are high rates of comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD) among those who have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Ideally, treatment for comorbidity should address both disorders simultaneously. Zonisamide, an anticonvulsant, may be effective in decreasing alcohol use and may attenuate symptoms of PTSD. Treatment strategies can include medication in combination with a proven evidence‐based psychotherapy designed to treat PTSD, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT).MethodsThis 12‐week pilot study was designed to test feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of zonisamide (400 mg) as an adjunct to CPT for veterans with PTSD and comorbid AUD. Veterans (n = 24) with PTSD and current alcohol dependence were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive zonisamide or placebo in a double‐blind fashion. All subjects received CPT enhanced to include sessions addressing drinking behavior.ResultsSubjects overall reported a significant decrease in drinking outcomes, craving, and symptoms of PTSD. Zonisamide was well‐tolerated and easily administered with CPT, which was also well‐tolerated. Exploratory analysis of comparison of groups suggests there was no advantage of zonisamide vs placebo in drinking or PTSD outcomes. There was a numeric but nonsignificant higher rate of abstinence with zonisamide (50%) vs placebo (33%).Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceThe interpretation of the results is limited by the pilot nature of this study. The combination of psychosocial treatment with medication management mimics real‐world treatment. In order to isolate the individual contributions of medication vs psychotherapy a much larger study would need to be conducted. (Am J Addict 2020;29:515–524)
Pleasing the Principal: U.S. Influence in World Bank Policymaking
Authors: Clark Richard , Dolan Lindsay R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHow do policies in international organizations reflect the preferences of powerful institutional stakeholders? Using an underutilized data set on the conditions associated with World Bank loans, we find that borrower countries that vote with the United States at the United Nations are required to enact fewer domestic policy reforms, and on fewer and softer issue areas. Though U.S. preferences permeate World Bank decision making, we do not find evidence that borrower countries trade favors in exchange for active U.S. intervention on their behalf. Instead, we propose that U.S. influence operates indirectly when World Bank staff—consciously or unconsciously—design programs that are compatible with U.S. preferences. Our study provides novel evidence of World Bank conditionality and shows that politicized policies can result even from autonomous bureaucracies.
Increasing interest of students from under‐represented groups in medicine—A systematised review
Authors: Reeves Nicole S. , Cheek Colleen , Hays Richard , Sargent Aryelle , McComiskie Alice , Santini Carlos , Nguyen Jamie , Chalwe Khezia , Mubarak Adil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveCommunity engagement activities are the entry point to a “pipeline” of activity aimed at supporting under‐represented students and nurturing their interest in medical careers following graduation. This review aimed to describe the range of activities medical schools undertake to encourage and support rural students or other targeted under‐represented populations to apply to medical school, and the reported outcomes. The overarching aim was to identify which programs prior to application into medicine are most effective.DesignA systematised review.SettingMedical Education articles published January 2000 to May 2018.ParticipantsPopulation groups under‐represented in medicine, including rural students.InterventionsPrograms delivered to participants prior to application to medical school.Main outcome measuresReach, format and duration of programs, number of participants applying and completing medical school.ResultsA search of several databases identified 2688 articles. After filtering for relevance, 1271 articles were considered for the final review. Of the 155 full‐text articles assessed, 133 were excluded as they did not meet the eligibility criteria. A further three articles were added on review of references. Nine reviewers conducted data abstraction from 25 articles.ConclusionThere is a need for improved evidence to define the best ways to support under‐represented groups in medicine. Important features appear to be targeting interested students and supporting their attainment of entry requirements. Successful programs might be those which enhance a student intake representative of the population.
Impact of smoking on gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring birthweight in primiparous women
Authors: Masalin Senja , Kautiainen Hannu , Gissler Mika , Pennanen Pirjo , Eriksson Johan G. , Laine Merja K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionSmoking has been shown to affect glucose homeostasis and increase the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and smoking are known to influence offspring birthweight. The effect of smoking on glucose homeostasis in pregnancy is less studied and the findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on risk for GDM and to evaluate the impact of smoking and GDM on offspring birthweight.Material and methodsThis is an observational cohort study encompassing 4111 Finnish primiparous women from the city of Vantaa, Finland, who delivered a singleton child between 2009 and 2015. Data were obtained from Finnish national registers. Study participants had complete oral glucose tolerance test results and were divided into three groups according to smoking status: non‐smokers (I), smokers who quit during first trimester (II), and smokers who continued after first trimester (III).ResultsPrevalence of GDM was 19.8%, 24.3%, and 26.6% in non‐smokers, those who quit, and those who continued after the first trimester, respectively (P = .004 for differences between groups). The odds ratio for GDM in smokers who continued after the first trimester compared with non‐smokers was 1.65 (95% CI 1.09‐2.57) after adjustments for age, prepregnancy body mass index, education, and cohabitation. In women without GDM, offspring birthweight was lowest in those who continued smoking after the first trimester (P = .010 for differences between groups). In women with GDM, smoking status did not influence offspring birthweight.ConclusionsSmoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for GDM. Offspring birthweight is lowest in women who continue smoking after the first trimester. If pregnancy is complicated by GDM, offspring birthweight is not influenced by smoking.
Animal models of mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 pathology
Authors: Cleary Simon J. , Pitchford Simon C. , Amison Richard T. , Carrington Robert , Robaina Cabrera C. Lorena , Magnen Mélia , Looney Mark R. , Gray Elaine , Page Clive P. 
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infections has led to a substantial unmet need for treatments, many of which will require testing in appropriate animal models of this disease. Vaccine trials are already underway, but there remains an urgent need to find other therapeutic approaches to either target SARS‐CoV‐2 or the complications arising from viral infection, particularly the dysregulated immune response and systemic complications which have been associated with progression to severe COVID‐19. At the time of writing, in vivo studies of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have been described using macaques, cats, ferrets, hamsters, and transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These infection models have already been useful for studies of transmission and immunity, but to date only partly model the mechanisms involved in human severe COVID‐19. There is therefore an urgent need for development of animal models for improved evaluation of efficacy of drugs identified as having potential in the treatment of severe COVID‐19. These models need to reproduce the key mechanisms of COVID‐19 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and the immunopathology and systemic sequelae associated with this disease. Here, we review the current models of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19‐related disease mechanisms and suggest ways in which animal models can be adapted to increase their usefulness in research into COVID‐19 pathogenesis and for assessing potential treatments.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc