bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plaque disclosing agent as a guide for professional biofilm removal: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mensi Magda , Scotti Eleonora , Sordillo Annamaria , Agosti Raffaele , Calza Stefano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate through computer software analysis, the efficacy of the use of a plaque disclosing agent as a visual guide for biofilm removal during professional mechanical plaque removal in terms of post‐treatment residual plaque area (RPA).MethodsThirty‐two healthy patients were selected and randomized in two groups to receive a session of professional mechanical plaque removal with air‐polishing followed by ultrasonic instrumentation with (Guided Biofilm therapy—GBT) or without (Control) the preliminary application of a plaque disclosing agent as visual guide. The residual plaque area (RPA) was evaluated through re‐application of the disclosing agent and computer software analysis, considering the overall tooth surface and the gingival and coronal portions separately.ResultsA statistically and clinically significant difference between treatments is observed, with GBT achieving an RPA of 6.1% (4.1‐9.1) vs 12.0% (8.2‐17.3) of the Control on the Gingival surface and of 3.5% (2.3‐5.2) vs 9.0% (6‐13.1) on the Coronal, with a proportional reduction going from 49.2% (P‐value = .018) on the former surface to more than 60% (P‐value = .002) on the latter.ConclusionThe application of a plaque disclosing agent to guide plaque removal seems to lead to better biofilm removal.
Rescaling the Sanctuary City: Police and Non‐Status Migrants in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hershkowitz Mia , Hudson Graham , Bauder Harald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCanadian cities pledge to provide access to municipal services to non‐status migrants and withhold information identifying non‐status migrants from federal immigration authorities. Despite these promises, local police continue to cooperate with the Canada Border Services Agency, which raises questions about the capacity of cities to honour their promises. An empirical study involved interviews with high‐ranking police officers in eight local jurisdictions in Ontario about police perceptions regarding their role in the enforcement of federal immigration law and their obligations to honour sanctuary‐city policies. The results show that many police officers believe they possess legal authority to report non‐status migrants to federal authorities. We suggest that this belief rests on misconceptions about the relationship between criminal law and immigration law, claims of jurisdictional immunity from municipal government, and distortions of the principles of policing in Canada. Rescaling of sanctuary policies to the provincial level may offer solutions.
Outcomes of incisional negative pressure wound therapy following brachiobasilic transposition arteriovenous fistula creation: A 1:2 propensity score matched study
Authors: Chan Kai Siang , Arunaachalam Muthaiah , Hong Qiantai , Yong En Ming , Lingam Pravin , Zhang Li , Chandrasekar Sadhana , Tan Glenn Wei Leong , Lo Zhiwen Joseph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncisional negative wound pressure therapy (iNPWT) use on closed incisions has been shown to improve wound outcomes, but no studies have evaluated the use of iNPWT following brachiobasilic transposition arteriovenous fistula (BBT‐AVF). We aim to investigate the efficacy of iNPWT vs conventional wound therapy in reducing surgical site infections (SSIs) for BBT‐AVF incisions. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent BBT‐AVF creation between January 2010 and December 2017. A 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias and address for confounding factors. Study outcomes included SSI and haematoma incidence, 30‐day readmission, and 30‐day mortality. A total of 154 patients were reviewed in this study: 47 (30.5%) had iNPWT and 107 (69.5%) had conventional wound therapy. The overall median age was 60.5 (interquartile range 54–69). PSM with a 1:2 ratio resulted in a total of 117 patients (39 iNPWT and 78 conventional wound therapy). In the unmatched cohort, SSI incidence was lower in the iNPWT group (n = 1/47 [2.1%] vs n = 14/107 [13.1%], P = .035). However, incidence of SSI was comparable between iNPWT and conventional wound therapy after matching (n = 1/39 [2.6%] vs n = 9/78 [11.5%], P = .102). There was no significant difference in 30‐day readmission and 30‐day mortality. Within our study population of patients with BBT‐AVF incisions, there is a non‐statistically significant reduction in SSI incidence for patients who received iNPWT as compared with conventional wound therapy. Further prospective randomised controlled studies should be conducted to validate these findings.
Comment on: “Effect of particle size on the optical properties of lead zirconate titanate nanopowders” [J. Am. Cream. Soc. 2018;101:5335–5345]
Authors: Sahebi Ramezan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn a recent paper [J Am Ceram Soc. 2018;101:5335‐5345], Pakizeh and Moradi studied the structural, morphological, and optical properties of lead zirconate titanate nanopowders. The refractive index and extinction coefficient of samples were calculated based on reflectance and phase angle between the incident and reflected signals for a particular wavenumber. The authors used the Beer‐Lamber equation to calculate the reflectance spectra. It is shown in this comment that they have used a wrong relation to calculate the reflectance, and consequently, calculated results based on the reflectance, such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant, LO and TO phonon modes are incorrect.
Processing and electromechanical properties of high‐coercive field ZnO‐doped PIN‐PZN‐PT ceramics
Authors: Brova Michael J. , Watson Beecher H. , Walton Rebecca L. , Kupp Elizabeth R. , Fanton Mark A. , Meyer Richard J. , Messing Gary L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study explores sintering and piezoelectricity of ZnO‐doped perovskite Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PIN‐PZN‐PT) ceramics. The enhanced densification of ZnO‐doped PIN‐PZN‐PT is attributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies by the incorporation of Zn2+ into the perovskite B‐site and increased rate of bulk diffusion relative to undoped PIN‐PZN‐PT. Incorporation of Zn2+ into the perovskite lattice increased the tetragonal character of PIN‐PZN‐PT as demonstrated by tetragonal peak splitting and increased Curie temperature. Sintering in flowing oxygen reduced the solubility of Zn2+ in the perovskite lattice and resulted in rhombohedral PIN‐PZN‐PT. Sintering in oxygen prevented secondary phase formation which resulted in a high‐piezoelectric coefficient (d33 – 550 pC/N), high‐coercive field (Ec – 13 kV/cm), and high‐rhombohedral to tetragonal phase transition temperature (Tr‐t – 165°C). We conclude that ZnO‐doped PIN‐PZN‐PT ceramics are excellent candidates for high‐power transducer applications.
Effect of workplace ostracism on emotional exhaustion and unethical behaviour among Chinese nurses: A time‐lagged three‐wave survey
Authors: Qi Lei , Cai Di , Liu Bing , Feng Taiwen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThis study examined the following: (a) the impact of nurses' workplace ostracism on unethical behaviour; (b) mediating role of emotional exhaustion between nurses' workplace ostracism and unethical behaviour; and (c) moderating effect of hostile attribution bias.BackgroundWhile unethical behaviour is a workplace phenomenon that can negatively influence the sustainable development of settings, few nurse studies have explored it. This study identified an interpersonal antecedent of unethical behaviour: workplace ostracism.DesignA time‐lagged three‐wave survey was conducted over 3 months (November 2016–January 2017) to collect data.MethodsNurses (N = 530) from three hospitals in China completed three anonymous self‐reported questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and moderated mediation tests were performed, and data analysed using SPSS 23.0 and Mplus7.4.ResultsWorkplace ostracism positively influenced nurses' unethical behaviour and emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between workplace ostracism and unethical behaviour. Nurses' hostile attribution bias moderated the effect of workplace ostracism on emotional exhaustion and unethical behaviour.ConclusionWorkplace ostracism was an important interpersonal factor predicting unethical behaviour. Nurse supervisors should establish a harmonious interpersonal environment and be aware of hostile attribution bias to prevent nurses' unethical behaviour.ImpactWorkplace ostracism is a pervasive phenomenon in the nursing workplace that contributes to unethical behaviour. Nurse supervisors and staff should together establish harmonious working environments without workplace ostracism. Nurse supervisors should pay attention to nurses' emotions and conduct psychological counselling to minimize the negative effects of workplace ostracism. This study contributed to understanding how and why nurses engaged in unethical behaviour.
What works in community health education for adults with learning disabilities: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Owens Rebecca , Earle Sarah , McNulty Cliodna , Tilley Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests there is insufficient good quality information regarding the effectiveness of health education aimed at adults with intellectual disabilities. By analysing the literature, this review aimed to identify what constituted effectiveness in this context.MethodRelevant evaluations were extracted from bibliographic databases according to pre‐specified criteria. Papers were analysed using QSR NVivo 11 by developing a narrative synthesis and analytic framework that identified and explored text addressing the research question.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were included. The review identified two broad components of effective health education: mechanisms and context. Mechanisms included embedded programme flexibility, appropriate and accessible resources, and motivational delivery. An effective context included an accessible and supportive environment and longer term opportunities for reinforcement of learning.ConclusionsImportant gaps in the literature highlighted a need for further research addressing community learning experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities as well as the effectiveness of infection prevention programmes.
Hypomethylation of PRDM1 is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Du Guizhen , Yu Mingming , Xu Qiaoqiao , Huang Zhenyao , Huang Xiaomin , Han Li , Fan Yun , Zhang Yan , Wang Ruohan , Xu Shuyu , Han Xiumei , Fu Guangbo , Lv Shuyan , Qin Yufeng , Wang Xinru , Lu Chuncheng , Xia Yankai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) rates have continued to rise during the last few decades, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. An emerging area of interest is the mediation of gene expression by DNA methylation during early pregnancy. Here, genome‐wide DNA methylation from placental villi was profiled in both RPL patients and controls. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes were analysed for changes in gene expression. Many significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified near genes dysregulated in RPL including PRDM1. Differentially expressed genes were enriched in immune response pathways indicating that abnormal immune regulation contributes to RPL. Integrated analysis of DNA methylome and transcriptome demonstrated that the expression level of PRDM1 is fine‐tuned by DNA methylation. Specifically, hypomethylation near the transcription start site of PRDM1 can recruit other transcription factors, like FOXA1 and GATA2, leading to up‐regulation of gene expression and resulting in changes to trophoblast cell apoptosis and migration. These phenotypic differences may be involved in RPL. Overall, our study provides new insights into PRDM1‐dependent regulatory effects during RPL and suggests both a mechanistic link between changes in PRDM1 expression, as well as a role for PRDM1 methylation as a potential biomarker for RPL diagnosis.
In “The Pit”: Architecture and the Power of the Tellurian in Lima
Authors: Gandolfo Daniella 
Published: April 2020

ResumenEn el centro de Lima, dos estructuras están en proximidad íntima y en mundos aparte. Una es la torre modernista de la Corte Superior de Lima, erigida en 1954, la otra, el campo ferial de “El Hueco,” a la sombra de la torre. Los dos sitios fueron concebidos conjuntamente como parte de un proyecto de modernización del gobierno que nunca se completó. El Hueco se encuentra dentro de un pozo de construcción inacabado, donde, bajo los auspicios de su santo patrón, el Señor de los Milagros, también conocido como el Señor de los Temblores, los comerciantes venden ropa y electrodomésticos junto a productos pirata y falsificados. Desde su ubicación en el Centro Histórico a su omisión de leyes comerciales y el código de construcción, El Hueco es un lugar que desafía el legado patrimonial de Lima y la grandeza de la torre al otro lado de la avenida. En su existencia contra todo pronóstico, ¿qué explica su poder de permanencia? La investigación archivística y etnográfica nos dirige a las fuerzas telúricas encarnadas en el santo patrón de los comerciantes y en su potencial influencia contra la planificación urbana impulsada por el Estado como medio de control social.
Theoretical basis and clinical practice for FUE megasession hair transplantation in the treatment of large area androgenic alopecia
Authors: Gan Yu‐Yang , Du Li‐Juan , Hong Wei‐Jin , Hu Zhi‐Qi , Miao Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLarge area androgenic alopecia patients seeking hair transplantation treatment has become common. FUE Megasession has become a choice for more and more people. Long‐term in vitro preservation of hair follicles during FUE Megasession has become a new challenge.ObjectiveTo explore optimal in vitro preservation condition according to FUE Megasession long‐period surgery time and to perform clinical practice to confirm the feasibility.MethodsHuman follicles were obtained from informed patients by FUE Megasession and preserved under different conditions. Live and dead staining with DAPI was used to assess the survival rate of cells. Hair follicles were preserved in vitro for 7 days under different conditions, and the extension of the hair shaft was observed. We also performed some clinical procedures to illustrate the effectiveness of these methods.ResultsUnder the condition of 4℃ Ringer's solution, the death rate of hair follicle cells was lower than that of the rest. 4℃ Ringer's solution supported superior growth of the hair follicle unit according to organ culture. 8‐h preservation in 4℃ Ringer's solution was kept as high survival rate as the traditional hair transplantation surgery（P > .05）. Clinical procedures confirmed the feasibility of FUE Megasession hair transplantation surgery.Conclusion4℃ Ringer's solution in vitro preservation is optimal for clinical FUE Megasession surgery which ensures the hair follicle survival rate and postoperative results.
Culturalized Religion: A Synthetic Review and Agenda for Research
Authors: Astor Avi , Mayrl Damon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScholars have taken a growing interest in what we call “culturalized religion”—that is, forms of religious identification, discourse, and expression that are primarily cultural in character, insofar as they are divorced from belief in religious dogma or participation in religious ritual. This article aims to clarify our current thinking about these phenomena so as to facilitate future theoretical and empirical work. Drawing on recent work in the sociology of culture, we distinguish between culturalized religion as a form of constituted culture, a form of pragmatic culture, and a form of identity; and theorize three principal types of relations connecting each of these modalities: reinforcing relationships, resource relationships, and destabilizing relationships. In so doing, we develop an inclusive and dynamic approach to studying culturalized religion that clears the ground for further research into its diverse modalities and manifestations, as well as their points of intersection and interaction.
Response to direct‐acting antivirals for hepatitis C treatment in vertically HIV/HCV co‐infected patients
Authors: Carrasco Itzíar , Sainz Talía , Frick Marie Antoinette , Jiménez de Ory Santiago , Fortuny Claudia , Burgos Joaquin , Montero Marta , Gavilán César , Falcón María Dolores , Couceiro José Antonio , Bernardino José Ignacio , Bisbal Otilia , Guerrero Carmelo , Aldámiz‐Echevarría María Teresa , Berenguer Juan , Navarro María Luisa ,   the Pediatric National AIDS Research Network of Spain (CoRISpe) integrated in the Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
Published: April 2020

AbstractDirect‐acting antivirals (DAAs) for HCV treatment have improved tolerance and efficacy among adults, but experience in vertical transmission is scarce. In our vertically HIV/HCV co‐infected youth cohort of 58 patients, DAA achieved excellent rates of cure among naïve and pretreated individuals. Treating vertically infected seems important as 29.6% displayed advanced fibrosis at treatment initiation.
On the timing and coordination of articulatory movements: Historical perspectives and current theoretical challenges
Authors: Krause Peter A. , Kawamoto Alan H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe timing and coordination of articulatory movements is essential to producing speech. A considerable body of literature explores the cognitive and motor control mechanisms involved. This review provides an accessible introduction to that literature, while highlighting articulatory phenomena that challenge prevailing views. We begin with the concept of dynamic articulatory gestures, and their role in the coproduction account of coarticulation. We then outline prominent accounts of gestural coordination. These accounts generally assume that speech planning involves the selection of coarsely grained units, which then unfold involuntarily. Later we consider evidence that speakers rapidly adapt to surprising acoustic feedback, that they plan around the expected timing of upcoming acoustic consequences, and that they reshape the articulatory time course on the fly. These findings suggest that movements can be flexibly modified, and that execution can considerably overlap planning. We advocate for speech models that permit speakers fine‐grained control over unfolding articulation.
Diachronic change and synchronic variation in the Korean stop laryngeal contrast
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Holliday Jeffrey J. , Kong Eun Jong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this review, we survey the acoustic and perceptual properties of the three‐way laryngeal contrast among voiceless stops in Korean. Paying special attention to variation across dialects and generations, we show how the phonetic properties of the stops have changed over the past 60 years and how different phonological features across regional dialects have interacted with the phonetic cues of the stop contrast. Presenting both acoustic and perceptual evidence, we argue that the Seoul Korean stop system is a good example of phonetic reorganization of distinctive phonological categories in that the importance of the consonantal cue (VOT) has decreased over time as that of the vocalic cue (F0) has increased. The innovative phonetic pattern is also observed in children's speech, indicating that children also need to acquire F0 as well as VOT to differentiate the stop contrast. This sound change seems to have spread widely to other regional and diaspora varieties of Korean as well. For tonal varieties such as Kyungsang and Yanbian Korean, the role of the innovative cue, F0, is less reliable than it is for non‐tonal varieties of Korean, though recent studies have revealed that even in these varieties the importance of F0 to the laryngeal contrast is increasingly becoming similar to Seoul Korean. Finally, non‐tonal varieties, such as Jeju, Shenyang Korean, and North American heritage Korean, have displayed Seoul‐like changes, suggesting that although these varieties of Korean are in a different stage of the change, they share the same direction.
The chemosensory systems of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Ortega Davi R. , Kjær Andreas , Briegel Ariane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the acute diarrheal disease cholera, is able to thrive in diverse habitats such as natural water bodies and inside human hosts. To ensure their survival, these bacteria rely on chemosensory pathways to sense and respond to changing environmental conditions. These pathways constitute a highly sophisticated cellular control system in Bacteria and Archaea. Reflecting the complex life cycle of V. cholerae, this organism has three different chemosensory pathways that together contain over 50 proteins expressed under different environmental conditions. Only one of them is known to control motility, while the function of the other two remains to be discovered. Here, we provide an overview of the chemosensory systems in V. cholerae and the advances toward understanding their structure and function.
Mating patterns of dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) explored using an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Orbach Dara N. , Eaton Jordan , Fiori Lorenzo , Piwetz Sarah , Weir Jody S. , Würsig Melany , Würsig Bernd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFew studies have explored the mating patterns of free‐ranging cetaceans, largely because of logistical challenges. We used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to follow and video‐record 25 groups of mating dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) near the surface of the water and examine how behavior patterns varied with mating group type. We collected aerial footage of dolphins mating in traditional Isolated Pods and within Integrated Pods and compared differences in the number of mating animals, swimming speed, bearing change, percent time at the surface of the water, female respiration rate, copulatory position rate, and sex‐specific mating behaviors. Only the mean number of mating animals and some sex‐specific mating behaviors varied significantly between the two mating group types. More dolphins were engaged in mating behaviors in Isolated Pods than Integrated Pods. Males engaged in more interference behaviors in Isolated Pods compared to Integrated Pods. Females performed fewer speed bursts but more rolls on their backs in Integrated Pods compared to Isolated Pods. Several similarities and differences were found in comparison to boat‐based research of the same population of dolphins. We highlight the value of UAVs for noninvasive and accurate collection of cetacean behavioral data.
The spatial–numerical association of response codes effect and math skills: why related?
Authors: Cipora Krzysztof , He Yunfeng , Nuerk Hans‐Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEvidence from multiple studies conducted in the past few decades converges on the conclusion that numerical properties can be associated with specific directions in space. Such spatial–numerical associations (SNAs), as a signature of elementary number processing, seem to be a likely correlate of math skills. Nevertheless, almost three decades of research on the spatial–numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect, the hallmark of SNAs, has not provided conclusive results on whether there is a relation with math skills. Here, going beyond reviewing the existing literature on the topic, we try to answer a more fundamental question about why the SNARC effect should (and should not) be related to math skills. We propose a multiroute model framework for a SNARC–math skills relationship. We conclude that the relationship is not straightforward and that several other factors should be considered, which under certain circumstances or in certain groups can cause effects of opposite directions. The model can account for conflicting results, and thus may be helpful for deriving predictions in future studies.