bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of vibration‐based electromagnetic–piezoelectric hybrid energy harvesters
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Masood , Khan Farid Ullah 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThese days the health monitoring of machines and structures is performed using wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). The disadvantage of short life span of batteries in WSN is overcome by using energy harvesting techniques and the required power is extracted from the environment for operating WSNs. The energy available in environment is in the form of thermal, solar, wind, vibration, RF and acoustic energy. The Piezoelectric (PE), electromagnetic (EM), electrostatic and triboelectric transduction may be utilized to harvest power from vibration energy available on structure which otherwise may be going waste. Moreover, for enhancing power generation hybrid vibration energy harvesters are developed by combining two of such transduction mechanisms. The piezoelectric and electromagnetic based hybrid harvesters are discussed in this work for vibration energy harvesting. The hybrid vibration energy harvesters are classified here as resonant, frequency tuned, nonlinear, non‐resonant, multi‐mode and frequency up conversion harvesters. The architecture, input excitation levels and performance of the reported hybrid harvesters is discussed and compared to know the advantage of harvester's configuration. Moreover, all the reported harvesters are compared on the basis of input vibration to which these harvesters are subjected, their resonant frequencies, size, output voltage, power levels and power density. Most of the developed hybrid energy harvesters are resonant harvesters. The multi‐mode hybrid energy harvesters are generating comparatively higher power levels of up to 250.25 mW and power density 2669.3 µW/cm3 in the reported literature. The overall voltage and power generation range of the hybrid harvesters is from 0.131 mV to 26 V and 0.637 µW to 250.25 mW. Moreover, the power density for the reported energy harvesters is in the range from 1.96 µW/cm3 to 2669 µW/cm3.
Building stock energy modeling: Feasibility study on selection of important input parameters using stepwise regression
Authors: Arababadi Reza , Naganathan Hariharan , Saffari Pour Mohsen , Dadvar Atefeh , Parrish Kristen , Chong Oswald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBuilding energy assessment is essential to accomplish the sustainable energy targets of new and present buildings. Retrofitting of the existing buildings by assessing them through energy models is the most prominent method. Studies revealed that there is still blank information about the building stocks, and these affect the valuation of building energy efficiency policies. Literature also recommends that the existing energy models are too complex and unreliable to predict the energy use. Reliability of such energy models would improve through a better alignment of the input parameters and the model assumptions. The authors hypothesized that the reliability of models would be improved through identification of the most relevant energy use parameters for the building stocks in different regions and models. One of the most commonly accepted methods for detecting the most dominant input parameters is sensitivity analysis, though its shortcomings include the need for a large number of data samples and long computing time. In this research, the Energy, Carbon, and Cost Assessment for Buildings Stocks (ECCABS) model is adopted to identify the most important parameters of the presented model. The research team uses the model that has been validated by studies conducted for the UK building stock. Moreover, by assessing the feasibility study with the stepwise regression to identify the significant input parameters have been discussed. Results show that stepwise regression method could produce the same results compared to sensitivity analysis. This paper also indicates that stepwise regression is considerably faster and less computationally intensive compared to common sensitivity analysis methods.
Qualitative and Quantitative Fisher Perceptions to Complement Natural Science Data for Managing Fisheries
Authors: Murphy Robert , Cunningham Curry , Harris Bradley P , Brown Caroline 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sustainably managing fisheries for ecological and social objectives in the current era of rapid environmental change requires that managers, scientists, and fishery stakeholders work together to find solutions to complex problems. Recognizing that multiple forms of knowledge generation exist and focusing on the strengths of different ways-of-knowing can facilitate a more holistic understanding of these problems. Here, we illustrate the value in both natural and social science-generated information for informing our understanding of a rapidly changing social–ecological system. Using data collected through an in-person and online survey, we show that methods for quantifying user perceptions can facilitate the integration of social data with traditional scientific data collection efforts. Specifically, the synthesis of a Bayesian lifecycle model (Cunningham et al. 2018) for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and quantified fisher perceptions suggests that natural science efforts and resource users largely agree on many of the factors that may be contributing to the observed declines in abundance of Chinook Salmon in Alaska. A qualitative assessment of the perceptions of resource users revealed benefits to incorporating stakeholders in science and management, including the ability to identify regional issues or trends potentially unrealized by natural science approaches. Our study highlights the synergistic value of multiple sources of ecological information for sustainably managing fishery systems.
Hypolipidemic properties of Chlorella pyrenoidosa organic acids via AMPK/HMGCR/SREBP‐1c pathway in vivo
Authors: Chen Jie , Gong Shiyu , Wan Xuzhi , Gao Xiaoxiang , Wang Change , Zeng Feng , Zhao Chao , Liu Bin , Huang Ying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of 95% ethanol extract of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CPE95) on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats. For the sake of chemical composition analysis of CPE95, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) was used for determination. After treatment with CPE95, serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol content of the hyperlipidemic rats was increased, while the contents of cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased strikingly. Moreover, the result of histopathology analysis showed that the accumulation and fatty deformation of the livers were relieved. Real‐time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of lipid metabolism‐related genes. The gene expression level of adenosine 5’‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase was descended, and expressions of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase were all downregulated in the CPE95‐treated rats. It suggested that CPE95 may effectively improve the hyperlipidemia in rats and would be potential for functional food component to reduce blood lipid.
DNA methylation markers as triage test for the early identification of cervical lesions in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Na , Hu Yuanjing , Zhang Xinying , Liu Yixin , He Ya , van der Zee Ate G. J. , Schuuring Ed , Wisman G. Bea A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective strategies are required in cervical cancer screening. We have identified several DNA methylation markers with high sensitivity and specificity to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse (CIN2+) in Dutch women. Our study aims to analyze the diagnostic characteristics of these markers in a Chinese cohort. A total of 246 liquid‐based cytology samples were included, of which 205 women underwent colposcopy due to an abnormal cytology result (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] or worse), while 227 were tested high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) positive. All six individual markers (ANKRD18CP, C13ORF18, EPB41L3, JAM3, SOX1 and ZSCAN1) showed enhanced methylation levels and frequency with increasing severity of the underlying lesion (P ≤ .001). In cytological abnormal women, sensitivity to detect CIN2+ was 79%, 76% and 72% for the three panels (C13ORF18/EBP41L3/JAM3, C13ORF18/ANKRD18CP/JAM3 and ZSCAN1/SOX1, respectively), with a specificity of 57%, 65% and 68%. For the first two panels, these diagnostic characteristics were similar to the Dutch cohort, while for ZSCAN1/SOX1 the sensitivity was higher in the Chinese cohort, but with a lower specificity (both P < .05). In hrHPV‐positive samples, similar sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CIN2+ were found as for the abnormal cytology cohort, which were now all similar between both cohorts and non‐inferior to HPV16/18 genotyping. Our analysis reveals that the diagnostic performances are highly comparable for C13ORF18/EBP41L3/JAM3 and C13ORF18/ANKRD18CP/JAM3 methylation marker panels in both Chinese and Dutch cohorts. In conclusion, methylation panels identified in a Dutch population are also applicable for triage testing in cervical cancer screening in China.
Supervised learning methods for the recognition of melanoma cell lines through the analysis of their Raman spectra
Authors: Baria Enrico , Cicchi Riccardo , Malentacchi Francesca , Mancini Irene , Pinzani Pamela , Pazzagli Marco , Pavone Francesco S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalignant melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, which develops from the genetic mutations of melanocytes – the most frequent involving BRAF and NRAS genes. The choice and the effectiveness of the therapeutic approach depend on tumour mutation; therefore, its assessment is of paramount importance. Current methods for mutation analysis are destructive and take a long time; instead, Raman spectroscopy could provide a fast, label‐free and non‐destructive alternative. In this study, confocal Raman microscopy has been used for examining three in vitro melanoma cell lines, harbouring different molecular profiles and, in particular, specific BRAF and NRAS driver mutations. The molecular information obtained from Raman spectra has served for developing two alternative classification algorithms based on linear discriminant analysis and artificial neural network. Both methods provide high accuracy (≥90%) in discriminating all cell types, suggesting that Raman spectroscopy may be an effective tool for detecting molecular differences between melanoma mutations.
Accelerating atomistic simulations of proteins using multiscale enhanced sampling with independent tempering
Authors: Liu Xiaorong , Gong Xiping , Chen Jianhan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEfficient sampling of the conformational space is essential for quantitative simulations of proteins. The multiscale enhanced sampling (MSES) method accelerates atomistic sampling by coupling it to a coarse‐grained (CG) simulation. Bias from coupling to the CG model is removed using Hamiltonian replica exchange, such that one could benefit simultaneously from the high accuracy of atomistic models and fast dynamics of CG ones. Here, we extend MSES to allow independent control of the effective temperatures of atomistic and CG simulations, by directly scaling the atomistic and CG Hamiltonians. The new algorithm, named MSES with independent tempering (MSES‐IT), supports more sophisticated Hamiltonian and temperature replica exchange protocols to further improve the sampling efficiency. Using a small but nontrivial β‐hairpin, we show that setting the effective temperature of CG model in all conditions to its melting temperature maximizes structural transition rates at the CG level and promotes more efficient replica exchange and diffusion in the condition space. As the result, MSES‐IT drive faster reversible transitions at the atomic level and leads to significant improvement in generating converged conformational ensembles compared to the original MSES scheme.
The roles of liver X receptor α in inflammation and inflammation‐associated diseases
Authors: Zhao Lin , Lei Wangrui , Deng Chao , Wu Zhen , Sun Meng , Jin Zhenxiao , Song Yanbin , Yang Zhi , Jiang Shuai , Shen Mingzhi , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLiver X receptor α (LXRα; also known as NR1H3), an isoform of LXRs, is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors and plays essential roles in the transcriptional control of cholesterol homeostasis. Previous in‐depth phenotypic analyses of mouse models with deficient LXRα have also demonstrated various physiological functions of this receptor within inflammatory responses. LXRα activation exerts a combination of metabolic and anti‐inflammatory actions resulting in the modulation and the amelioration of inflammatory disorders. The tight “repercussions” between LXRα and inflammation, as well as cholesterol homeostasis, have suggested that LXRα could be pharmacologically targeted in pathologies such as atherosclerosis, acute lung injury, and Alzheimer's disease. This review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the roles of LXRα in inflammation and inflammation‐associated diseases, which will help in the design of future experimental researches on the potential of LXRα and advance the investigation of LXRα as pharmacological inflammatory targets.
Hypoxic naked mole–rat brains use microRNA to coordinate hypometabolic fuels and neuroprotective defenses
Authors: Hadj‐Moussa Hanane , Pamenter Matthew E. , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNaked mole–rats are among the mammalian champions of hypoxia tolerance. They evolved adaptations centered around reducing metabolic rate to overcome the challenges experienced in their underground burrows. In this study, we used next‐generation sequencing to investigate one of the factors likely supporting hypoxia tolerance in naked mole–rat brains, posttranscriptional microRNAs (miRNAs). Of the 212 conserved miRNAs identified using small RNA sequencing, 18 displayed significant differential expression during hypoxia. Bioinformatic enrichment revealed that hypoxia‐mediated miRNAs were suppressing energy expensive processes including de novo protein translation and cellular proliferation. This suppression occurred alongside the activation of neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory pathways, and the induction of central signal transduction pathways including HIF‐1α and NFκB via miR‐335, miR‐101, and miR‐155. MiRNAs also coordinated anaerobic glycolytic fuel sources, where hypoxia‐upregulated miR‐365 likely suppressed protein levels of ketohexokinase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the first committed step of fructose catabolism. This was further supported by a hypoxia‐mediated reduction in glucose transporter 5 proteins that import fructose into the cell. Yet, messenger RNA and protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate to lactate in the absence of oxygen, were elevated during hypoxia. Together, this demonstrated the induction of anaerobic glycolysis despite a lack of reliance on fructose as the primary fuel source, suggesting that hypoxic brains are metabolically different than anoxic naked mole–rat brains that were previously found to shift to fructose‐based glycolysis. Our findings contribute to the growing body of oxygen‐responsive miRNAs “OxymiRs“ that facilitate natural miRNA‐mediated mechanisms for successful hypoxic exposures.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital double orifice mitral valve malformation: A case report
Authors: Li Hongzhong , Wang Hui , Zhang Wenhua , Cheng Lijuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDouble orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is a rare congenital valve malformation. Due to the insufficient understanding and awareness of its echocardiographic characteristics, there is a risk of misdiagnosis. Here, we report a case of echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital DOMV malformation in a 56‐year‐old male patient who visited our hospital for systematic physical examination, during which DOMV was not diagnosed. The following year, the patient visited our hospital again, and echocardiography showed two approximately circular orifices on the short axis view of the mitral valve. During diastole, two red Doppler blood flow signals were observed entering the left ventricle simultaneously. A small amount of blue Doppler signal revealed reflux into the left atrium during systole, leading to the diagnose of congenital heart disease with DOMV malformation, without other cardiac structural abnormality. Because the patient did not have obvious discomfort, he did not receive any special treatment and is regularly followed‐up.
Characterization of the alimentary canal and Malpighian tubules of Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Anatomical and histological approaches
Authors: Özyurt Koçakoğlu Nurcan , Candan Selami 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe mint beetle or green mint beetle, Chrysolina herbacea, is one of the most important insect pests of mint herb. These insects are associated with plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, in particular the Mentha genus. They cause serious damages to plants by consuming their leaves. For this reason, it is an important agricultural pest, and the structure of the digestive system must be known well to combat these insects. The alimentary canal of adult C. herbacea divided into three main regions: foregut, midgut and hindgut. The foregut is characterized by the following parts; pharynx, esophagus, crop, and proventriculus. The proximal part of Malpighian tubules joins with the pyloric valve. Their distal parts are located in the hemocoel and have a wavy appearance and a flat surface. Malpighian tubules are surrounded by a single layer of cubic epithelium which is with brush border, and sheath. The hindgut is formed the following regions; pyloric valve, ileum, colon and rectum. In foregut and hindgut, the layers represented from within out are: intima, epithelium, muscle layer. In the midgut, the layers from within out are: peritrophic membrane, epithelium, muscle layer. The foregut has a monolayer cubic epithelium with oval nuclei. In the midgut, the epithelium is simple columnar while in the hindgut, the epithelium is simple cuboidal. This is the first report on alimentary canal and Malpighian tubules histo‐anatomy in C. herbacea. The results will help guide the development of new strategies for managing this pest.
Potential use of Impatiens balsamina L. for bioremediation of lead and polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soils
Authors: Liu Weitao , Wu Jiani , Lian Jiapan , Zhang Xue , Zeb Aurang , Zhou Qixing , Sun Yuebing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, due to the improper dismantling of electronic waste (e‐waste) in China, high levels of lead (Pb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been released into the environment, which posed potential health risks to residents, especially to children. A pot‐culture experiment was carried out to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of PCBs and Pb co‐contaminated soil by the use of Impatiens balsamina L. The results indicated that PCBs and Pb had negative effect on plant growth, while the presence of PCBs partially alleviated Pb toxicity to I. balsamina. The existence of PCBs showed nonsignificant effects on Pb uptake by I. balsamina. However, the presence of PCBs influenced the distribution of Pb among plant tissues. The order of Pb accumulation in tissues was roots > stems > leaves, indicating the plant may be suitable for the phytostabilization of Pb in soil. The degradation rates of PCB 18 (25–68%) and PCB 28 (14–61%) in the planted soil was significantly higher than that in the unplanted soil, which confirmed the vegetation is beneficial for the biodegradation of PCBs in soils. Plant–microbial consortia in the rhizosphere make a predominant contribution to PCBs dissipation in the co‐contaminated soil. Significant differences in microbial taxonomic composition between the contaminated soils and a blank control were observed. I. balsamina could have the potential for remediating PCBs and lead co‐contaminated soils, even though further field studies are still required.
Dance and Parkinson's: Biological perspective and rationale
Authors: McMahon Jessica , Chazot Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. However, there is no known drug that can influence the underlying aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease and, as such, current treatments are limited to provision of symptom alleviation. Exercise, including dance, has been shown to positively influence general health and both motor and non‐motor symptoms of PD. This review explores how exercise and dance could be beneficial to people with PD and considers the potential underlying biological mechanisms. Such insights have the potential to identify novel therapeutic treatments that can help manage Parkinsonism and improve quality of life and slow the progression of the disease for patients.
Simple Hierarchical Interface Design Strategy for Accelerating Solar Evaporation
Authors: Li Shuai , He Yingying , Wang Yanan , Liao Daogui , Liu Hongxia , Zhou Li , Wei Chun , Yu Chuanbai , Chen Yunhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInterface design is an efficient way to improve the steam generation performance of solar evaporators. Accompanied with the formation of cellulose nanofiber/polylactic acid/polyaniline (PANI) hybrid aerogel (HA) by Pickering emulsion and in situ polymerization, this paper proposes a new perspective of hierarchical interface design strategy to accelerate the water evaporation driven by solar energy. By changing the concentration and type of doped acid, the distribution gap of different PANI forms in HA can be microscopically designed. PANI nanoclusters with smaller gaps facilitate HA to achieve an improved light absorption, photothermal conversion capability and steam generation rate. Moreover, macro interface design introduces hemispherical depression structures to the HA surface through a simple mold. These recessed surfaces not only increase the light absorption by increasing the multiple reflections and refractions of light on the recesses, but also recover part of the heat radiation loss to the environment. A higher evaporation rate of 1.65 kg m−2 h−1 with a steam generation efficiency of 94.6% is achieved under the irradiation of 1 Sun (100 mw cm−2). Finally, HAs have strong purification ability for various raw water, and are promising in terms of their application potential in the field of energy conversion.
Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity
Authors: Alexyuk Madina , Bogoyavlenskiy Andrey , Alexyuk Pavel , Moldakhanov Yergali , Berezin Vladimir , Digel Ilya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicrobial diversity studies regarding the aquatic communities that experienced or are experiencing environmental problems are essential for the comprehension of the remediation dynamics. In this pilot study, we present data on the phylogenetic and ecological structure of microorganisms from epipelagic water samples collected in the Small Aral Sea (SAS). The raw data were generated by massive parallel sequencing using the shotgun approach. As expected, most of the identified DNA sequences belonged to Terrabacteria and Actinobacteria (40% and 37% of the total reads, respectively). The occurrence of Deinococcus‐Thermus, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi in the epipelagic SAS waters was less anticipated. Surprising was also the detection of sequences, which are characteristic for strict anaerobes—Ignavibacteria, hydrogen‐oxidizing bacteria, and archaeal methanogenic species. We suppose that the observed very broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the SAS reads demonstrates a more intensive mixing of water masses originating from diverse ecological niches of the Aral‐Syr Darya River basin than presumed before.