bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Expert Opinion: A Comparison of Antibiotic Regimens for Infectious Urinary Tract Pathology in Pregnancy
Authors: Krischak Madison K. , Rosett Heather A. , Sachdeva Sarika , Weaver Kristin E. , Heine Robert Phillips , Denoble Anna E. , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective Outside pregnancy, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) are first-line therapy (FLT) for lower urinary tract infections (LUTIs). Optimal antibiotics for LUTI have been extrapolated based on expert opinion. Progression to pyelonephritis and adverse obstetric outcomes were compared between women who received FLT and those given alternative antibiotics.
Methods This study includes a retrospective cohort of women with LUTI, including asymptomatic bacteriuria and acute cystitis at single health care system from July 2013 to May 2019. Women receiving FLT, defined as nitrofurantoin or SMZ-TMP, were compared with those receiving nonfirst-line therapy (nFLT). Primary outcome was progression to pyelonephritis. Secondary outcomes included pyelonephritis-related anemia, sepsis, length of stay, preterm birth (PTB), and low birth weight (LBW). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds of outcomes.
Results Of 476 women, 336 (70.6%) received FLT and 140 (29.4%) received nFLT. Women receiving FLT were more likely having BMI ≥ 40 (p = 0.04). Progression to pyelonephritis did not differ (5.8 vs. 8.2%; p = 0.44), nor did other pyelonephritis-related outcomes. After controlling for confounders, no difference in odds of progression to pyelonephritis was seen (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42, 2.49). FLT was not associated with PTB or LBW (aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.29, 1.26) after controlling for confounders.
Conclusion Receipt of antibiotics other than nitrofurantoin or SMZ-TMP for LUTI in pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of progression to pyelonephritis, PTB, or LBW.
Modern portfolio theory with sharia: a comparative analysis
Authors: Sandwick John A. , Collazzo Pablo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite Muslims comprising a quarter of the world’s population, almost none of the $100 trillion in professionally managed global assets are sharia compliant. Constraints such as ESG and SRI are common among pension funds, endowments and sovereign wealth funds. Typical constraints include alcohol, tobacco, weapons and environmentally damaging activities. Such securities are excluded from morally constrained portfolios. Sharia applies the same, but adds one more key constraint: securities with debt-related features. Otherwise, sharia is identical to most ethical constraints. This study shows the results of constructing optimized, multi-asset, globally allocated portfolios while respecting sharia. The construction of these portfolios follows contemporary regulatory standards and professional best practices that evolved from investment theory. Results indicate multi-asset sharia portfolios have at least equal return and risk characteristics to conventional peers, or are perhaps in some ways superior. Many Muslims profess to care about sharia, including with their savings. This study provides insight for professional asset managers in applying sharia with modern portfolio theory, which could substantially enhance wealth and asset managers seeking business in this sector.
VanPatten (1990)’s long and winding story and the nature of replication studies
Authors: Sanz Cristina , McCormick Timothy J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

VanPatten’s (1990) investigation of attention to form and meaning during input processing remains among the most cited and replicated studies in second language research. Early replications (Barcroft, 2001; Greenslade, Bouden, & Sanz, 1999; Wong, 2001) kept materials intact, changing modality or language, yielding comparable results. Later replications operationalized comprehension differently, changing text and assessment, and concluded even low proficiency learners can consciously process form, regardless of salience or meaning, without detriment to comprehension (Leow, Hsieh, & Moreno, 2008; Morgan-Short, Heil, Botero-Moriarty, & Ebert, 2012; Morgan-Short et al., 2018). This chapter compares these texts and assessments. Results suggest the new assessment obscures differences between proficiencies and modalities, and the new, more complex text hides task effects identified in the original strand.
Why does processing instruction work?
Authors: Leeser Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Research on processing instruction (PI) has shown that PI is an effective instructional intervention for learners of various languages and contexts. This chapter addresses a basic question: Why does PI work? In the first section, I provide an overview of the language faculty and discuss how PI differs from other research in terms of the nature of language. The second section explores how VanPatten’s model of input processing (VanPatten, 1996, 2004, 2020) can be understood within larger frameworks that integrate language processing and acquisition. The third section discusses the characteristics of PI and the findings of PI research within the wider context of growth within the language faculty. Finally, I conclude with thoughts on future directions of PI research.
Translation and the narratives of legitimacy
Authors: Al-Sharafi Abdul Gabbar , Al-Shehari Khaled 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow legitimacy narratives in conflict zones are constructed and mediated through translation remains largely under-researched. This article investigates the strategies that the United Nations Special Envoy for Yemen, Martin Griffiths, uses to construct narratives of legitimacy for the Houthi movement in his Security Council briefings on the conflict in Yemen and their Arabic translations. Using a combination of a narrative framework, which highlights the notion of agency, and a semiotic model of triadic signification, which highlights motivatedness in signification, this article identifies metonymization as a strategy in constructing such narratives of legitimacy, with three additional sub-strategies of labeling, naming, and selective appropriation. While the Arabic translations are generally faithful to their originals in terms of the strategies used, some demonstrate a remarkable departure from United Nations translation norms. These findings shed light on theoretical issues of translator agency under such norms, and the pedagogical implications of such agency are addressed.
Self-Isolation: A Significant Contributor to Cannabis use during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bartel S. J. , Sherry S. B. , Stewart S. H. 
Published: October 2020

Background Emerging research suggests the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in self-reported isolation and loneliness in a large proportion of the population. This is particularly concerning given that isolation and loneliness are associated with increased cannabis use, as well as using cannabis to cope with negative affect. Objective: We investigated whether self-isolation due to COVID-19 and using cannabis to cope with depression were unique and/or interactive predictors of cannabis use during the pandemic, after controlling for pre-pandemic levels of cannabis use. Method A sample of 70 emerging adults (mean age = 23.03; 34.3% male) who used both alcohol and cannabis pre-pandemic completed measures of cannabis use (i.e., quantity x frequency) and a novel COVID-19 questionnaire between March 23 and June 15, 2020. Pre-pandemic cannabis use levels had been collected four months earlier. Results Linear regressions indicated self-isolation and coping with depression motives for cannabis use during the pandemic were significant predictors of pandemic cannabis use levels after accounting for pre-pandemic use levels. There was no interaction between coping with depression motives and self-isolation on cannabis use during the pandemic. Conclusions Those who engaged in self-isolation were found to use 20% more cannabis during the pandemic than those who did not. Our results suggest that self-isolation is a unique risk factor for escalating cannabis use levels during the pandemic. Thus, self-isolation may inadvertently lead to adverse public health consequences in the form of increased cannabis use.
Successful Treatment of Severe, Treatment Resistant GHB Withdrawal through Thiopental-Coma
Authors: Vos Cornelis F. , Pop-Purceleanu Monica , van den Berg Maarten J. W. , Schellekens Arnt F. A. 
Published: October 2020

Background In patients with gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use disorder (GUD), withdrawal can have a fulminant course with rapid progression of severe, potentially life-threatening complications. Case We present a 45-year old man with severe GHB withdrawal, resistant to conventional treatment with pharmaceutical GHB, high doses of benzodiazepines and baclofen. GHB withdrawal finally responded to thiopental-induced coma therapy, with burst suppression pattern on electroencephalography (EEG). The patient fully recovered, without withdrawal or residual neuropsychiatric symptoms. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first case report in which barbiturates were used to induce a coma to treat severe, treatment resistant GHB withdrawal. This case suggests barbiturate coma therapy might be considered in severe GHB withdrawal which does not respond to conventional treatment.
Market-based instruments for ecosystem services: framework and case study in Lishui City, China
Authors: Gao Xiaolong , Xu Weihua , Hou Ying , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Effective provision of ecosystem services (ES) and improvements in well-being of residents can be realized through policy interventions of stakeholder behavior. Of the several policies, market-based instruments (MBIs) have become the focus of global attention.

Outcomes/others:
To couple the theory with practice and solve the key problem of unclear definition of property rights, the framework of MBIs is designed. First, property rights of market creation must be clearly defined, verifiable, transferable, enforceable, and have policy continuity. Then, four key characteristics of MBIs need to be considered in the case design, namely those involving ES, stakeholders, trading mechanisms, and guarantee mechanisms. The Pledge Financing of the Right of the Ecological Public Welfare Forest (PFREPWF) in Lishui City is a typical case of China’s current marketization, which is a supplement and improvement to the ecological compensation policy. Based on clearly defined contract rights, Lishui City has realized the integration of ecological compensation and credit creation.

Discussion:
The case design still has the problems of lack of quantification and lack of correlations with ES.

Conclusion:
The theoretical and practical analysis around the market mechanism has reference value for solving market failures and providing environmental services.
Decoding of voluntary and involuntary upper-limb motor imagery based on graph fourier transform and cross-frequency coupling coefficients
Authors: Feng Naishi , Hu Fo , Wang Hong , Gouda Mohamed Amin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective.
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology based on motor imagery (MI) control has become a research hotspot but continues to encounter numerous challenges. BCI can assist in the recovery of stroke patients and serve as a key technology in robot control. Current research on MI almost exclusively focuses on the hands, feet, and tongue. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to establish a four-class MI BCI system, in which the four types are the four articulations within the right upper limbs, involving the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand. Approach.
Ten subjects were chosen to perform nine upper-limb analytic movements, after which the differences were compared in P300, movement-related potentials(MRPS), and event-related desynchronization/event-related synchronization under voluntary MI (V-MI) and involuntary MI (INV-MI). Next, the cross-frequency coupling (CFC) coefficient based on mutual information was extracted from the electrodes and frequency bands with interest. Combined with the image Fourier transform and twin bounded support vector machine classifier, four kinds of electroencephalography data were classified, and the classifier’s parameters were optimized using a genetic algorithm. Main results.
The results were shown to be encouraging, with an average accuracy of 93.2% and 92.2% for V-MI and INV-MI, respectively, and over 95% for any three classes and any two classes. In most cases, the accuracy of feature extraction using the proximal articulations as the basis was found to be relatively high and had better performance. Significance.
This paper discussed four types of MI according to three aspects under two modes and classed them by combining graph Fourier transform and CFC. Accordingly, the theoretical discussion and classification methods may provide a fundamental theoretical basis for BCI interface applications.
High voltage testing of functional dielectric coatings with thickness from 25 μm and more
Authors: Syasko V A , Musikhin A S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The high-voltage spark testing method for protective dielectric coatings is applied in almost all manufacturing areas and is governed by ISO, ASTM etc. However, they do not take into account high voltage generation (DC or AC) and its polarity, the impact of the environment and electric field inhomogeneity. A detailed analysis and modeling of the sparking process was carried out given the polarity of the applied control voltage and the design principles of creating a strongly inhomogeneous electric field in the interelectrode gap. The possibility of monitoring dielectric coatings with a thickness of 25 μm or more while reducing the control voltage without reducing the reliability of the results is shown, which is especially important when testing the continuity of paint coatings of large area objects.
The amplitude-sensitive eddy current method for investigation of the plastically deformed metal zone beneath the indent obtained by ball indentation
Authors: Zhgut D A , Khvostov A A , Chernova E A , Chernov D V , Marchenkov A Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of the results of plastic deformation zones obtained by the ball indentation into the surface of a non-magnetic metal plate using the amplitude-sensitive eddy current method. Calculation and experimental methods were used in the research. A two-dimensional finite-element model of an eddy current probe installed above a local plastically deformed zone on the metal plate surface was developed. The finite-element modelling of the electromagnetic field of eddy currents induced in the aluminium plate during multi-frequency excitation was made. It is found that the amplitude-sensitive eddy current method is appropriate not only to estimate the plastic deformation zone propagation depth, but also to detect a zone with the maximum stress values beneath the indent (hydrostatic core zone). An experimental verification of the proposed model was done. The specific zones in the deformed metal beneath the indent were detected by the eddy current method and the hydrostatic core size was evaluated.
Results of the application of the contact potential difference method to monitor NPP process equipment
Authors: Surin V I , Alwaheba A I , Beketov V G , Abu Gazal A A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of nondestructive testing of process equipment of nuclear power plants a welding unit for the collector of steam generators PGV 1000M, the hull penetration and surfacing of the process pipe performed in the factory. The purpose of the study was to justify the possible use of contact potential difference at the stage of technological assembly and control of welded joints of steam generators in the factory, as well as to determine the prospects for using this method in operating conditions of process equipment.
Integrated thermal flaw detection technology of complex spatial composite structures in operation
Authors: Kozelskaya S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a complex technology of thermal flaw detection of small-size discontinuity type defects of composite structures. The integrated flaw detection technology is based on the identification of internal defects as sources of heat caused by the use of additional sources of stimulation. The use of complex technology makes it possible to identify types of defects that cannot be detected by the existing methods, for example, defects of small sizes, closed cracks, microcracks, etc. and determine their location in the material. It is shown that the error in determining the depth of defects in the material when using the proposed integrated technology does not exceed 10-15%, which is quite acceptable for practical use.
Modeling the beam profile of an infrared laser to create optical tweezers in high pressure cells
Authors: Bulatov K M , Khramov N A , Vinogradov M A , Nosov P A , Zinin P V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a modeling of a laser optical system for heating samples in a high-pressure cell was performed, in which the laser heating system and the optical system for measuring the temperature distribution are separated. It is shown that a setup with separate heating and temperature measurement systems allows one to: (i) adjust the optical temperature measurement system regardless of the alignment of the IR laser; (ii) obtain the optimal spot of the IR laser beam and control the beam in the future using a movable lens and an acousto-optical deflector.
Control of the conducting surface by terahertz surface electromagnetic waves
Authors: Nikitin A K , Gerasimov V V , Knyazev B A , Lien N T H , Trang T T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the possibilities of quality control of the conductive surface and detection of objects on it beyond the horizon, as well as microscopy of flat faces of semiconductor products using surface electromagnetic waves (SEWs) of the terahertz (THz) range. The conditions under which such methods of control can be implemented are determined; schemes of devices that implement such measurements are elaborated; estimates of the possibilities of the developed methods for monitoring metal and semiconductor products probed by monochromatic THz radiation in the form of SEWs are given.
Quality control of solid surfaces by the method of surface plasmon interferometry in the terahertz range
Authors: Nikitin A K , Khitrov O V , Gerasimov V V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article considers the possibility of controlling the quality of a conducting surface using a Michelson interferometer, in which the information carrier is surface plasmon-polaritons (a type of surface electromagnetic waves) of the terahertz range. It is shown that using such an interferometer, it is possible both to control the uniformity of the dielectric coating on the surface of a metal product, and to detect inhomogeneities on the controlled surface, as well as to evaluate their geometric and optical characteristics.
When adaptation increases energy demand: A systematic map of the literature
Authors: Viguié V , Juhel S , Ben-Ari T , Colombert M , Ford J D , Giraudet L G , Reckien D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Adaptation is a central component of climate policy, helping manage and reduce risks. Sometimes, however, adaptation to climate change may consume energy, threatening efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Examples are numerous, and include the use of air conditioning or water desalination. Nevertheless, no clear view exists on how energy demand globally can be impacted by climate change. In this paper we systematically map existing evidence on how and to what extent adaptation responses to climate change may impact energy demand. The literature is large, fast-growing and spans several disciplines, but we identify several research gaps. First, the literature focuses almost exclusively on heating and cooling demand, while overlooking other potential sectors. It also focuses heavily on a few world regions, while local specific climate and socio-economic conditions may highly influence the impacts, and focuses largely on average demand, while often disregarding peak energy demand. Finally, and most importantly, only a handful of papers—most of them with a specific geographical scope—consider that different adaptation possibilities may lead to different impacts on energy demand, which is an important prerequisite if the impact of adaptation on energy demand is to be lowered and maladaptation to be avoided. The reviewed papers study for the most part similar options, and most adaptation possibilities are conversely studied by just one or two papers.
Why has no new record-minimum Arctic sea-ice extent occurred since September 2012?
Authors: Francis Jennifer A , Wu Bingyi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the clearest indicators of human-caused climate change is the rapid decline in Arctic sea ice. The summer minimum coverage is now approximately half of its extent only 40 yr ago. Four records in the minimum extent were broken since 2000, the most recent occurring in September 2012. No new records have been set since then, however, owing to an abrupt atmospheric shift during each August/early-September that brought low sea-level pressure, cloudiness, and unfavorable wind conditions for ice reduction. While random variability could be the cause, we identify a recently increased prevalence of a characteristic large-scale atmospheric pattern over the northern hemisphere. This pattern is associated not only with anomalously low pressure over the Arctic during summer, but also with frequent heatwaves over East Asia, Scandinavia, and northern North America, as well as the tendency for a split jet stream over the continents. This jet-stream configuration has been identified as favoring extreme summer weather events in northern mid-latitudes. We propose a mechanism linking these features with diminishing spring snow cover on northern-hemisphere continents that acts as a negative feedback on the loss of Arctic sea ice during summer.