bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of asynchronous online discussions in a graduate course: an exploratory study
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Yu Yawen 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the following questions: What are the types of discussion prompts in a fully online graduate course? What are the key characteristics of students’ discussion initial posts and replies in a fully online graduate course? In what ways, if any, do discussion prompts influence the types of initial posts and replies in discussion threads?Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a qualitative approach to explore the dynamics of students’ knowledge construction through using asynchronous discussion boards. A total of 20 discussion prompts and 115 discussion threads from nine archival discussion boards in a fully online library science course were collected and analyzed.FindingsThe findings identified open-ended, explanatory and reflective prompts in discussion boards. Students engaged in simply stating, paraphrasing, elaborating, extending, reflecting, socializing and sharing emotions in discussion posts. These findings highlighted the interconnectedness of reflection and socio-emotional interactions in a community of inquiry and pointed out their important roles to support richer and deeper online discussions. The study further observed linkages between the types of discussion prompts and the types of discussion posts.Originality/valueThis study addressed an urgent need to understand the use of online discussion boards in an emergency remote teaching condition in a pandemic. The findings of this study offered educators insights into evidence-based design recommendations for prompts to support students’ knowledge construction and deep learning through using discussion boards.
Correlation analysis between expectancy-value and achievement goals in MOOCs on energy sustainability: profiles with higher engagement
Authors: Romero-Rodríguez Luis M. , Ramírez-Montoya María Soledad , Valenzuela González Jaime Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the interrelationship that exists between expectancy-value and achievement goals as factors that are decisive for participants’ higher engagement in 12 massive open online courses (MOOCs) on energy sustainability and to determine the profile of participants achieving higher success rates.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative–quantitative study of correlational and descriptive scope is carried out on two instruments based on pre- and post-tests of 6,029 participants, which is followed by a qualitative data analysis distributed by code families to identify participants’ main motivations to take MOOCs.FindingsThe results showed a positive moderate-high correlation between expectancy-value and achievement goals, which means in a practical sense that the participants’ subjective estimates of the possibility of reaching their goals prior to the beginning of the course were fulfilled, as the intentionality of the subjects-participants was positive with respect to the contents imparted.Practical implicationsThe profiles of participants with a higher tendency to successfully finish the course and with high rates of engagement share the following characteristics: having previously and successfully finished more than one MOOC; taking the MOOC for work purposes (promotion, seeking better job opportunities, etc.); and having intrinsic motivation, that is, not depending on external factors such as obligations and certifications.Originality/valueThis research suggests that there are pre-educational factors that define the trend of successful completion of MOOCs, based on expectancy-value (e.g. previous experiences with other MOOCs) and achievement goals (e.g. job improvement), with external motivational issues such as completion certificates being less prevalent in the learning intention.
Energy consumption analysis of glass house using electrochromic window in the subtropical region
Authors: Wang Yang , Lin Misheng , Xu Ke , Zhang Shuyang , Ma Hongwei 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Electrochromic window (ECW) has been gradually applied to building engineering in recent years. However, empirical study of this technology used in green building design is still lacking. This study aims to verify the lighting and energy-saving performance of ECW under a specific geographical environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The meditation pavilion of Jinwan new materials research institute in Zhuhai is taken for research object. Three kinds of sun-shading techniques, namely, ECW, Low-E window and ordinary glass window, with same specifications are selected as the building facade structure for simulation. Day lighting analysis, sun-shading performance and annual energy consumption are separately simulated in the same environment by the Autodesk Ecotect Analysis software. The energy-saving performance of ECW is obtained by comparisons.

Findings
Result shows that the shading performance of ECW is much better than ordinary window and Low-E window. When ECW is used in the east, west or top lighting interfaces of a building, about 40% of the total solar radiation can be reduced during daytime in summer. Taking the ordinary glass window as a basic reference, ECW can save about 90% of the annual energy consumption of the glass house. ECW can effectively reduce the annual refrigeration energy consumption of buildings in the subtropical region.

Practical implications
Reasonable use of ECW in the subtropical region can effectively reduce the annual energy consumption of buildings.

Originality/value
It is a precedent study to analyze the lighting performance and energy consumption of a glass house with ECW. The energy-saving characteristics and beautiful appearance of ECW shall make it a future green building technology.
The use of photovoice in evaluating a community-based rehabilitation (CBR) program: experiences from CBR volunteers in Namibia
Authors: Shumba Tonderai Washington , Haufiku Desderius , Amukugo Hans 
Published: July 2020

PurposeQualitative participatory methods are needed to measure the effectiveness of the community-based rehabilitation (CBR) program in Namibia. The study explored the experiences of CBR volunteers in evaluating CBR program in Namibia through the use of photovoice. Further the study assessed the strengths and limitations of utilizing photovoice method as an assessment tool for CBR evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design. Data was collected through the photovoice method. Two CBR sites and 16 participants who were CBR volunteers were purposively selected. Data was collected and analysis was conducted simultaneously utilizing the photovoice method and themes were determined using WHO CBR matrix.FindingsVarious experiences were elicited regarding participants' experiences in line with the five components of the CBR matrix. Most experiences were reported regarding the health component, and the education component had the least experiences reported. Methodological strength and weaknesses as well as implications for practice are revealed. Further research can explore the benefits of combining photovoice with other data collection methods.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of purposive sampling in selecting both CBR sites and participants limited wider representation of CBR program sites and persons with all disabilities in Namibia, respectively.Originality/valueSustainability of CBR programs depends on community ownership, empowerment and government funding. Photovoice is participatory and hence gives community ownership and empowerment. Evidence from photovoice can enable persons with disabilities to formulate action plans that can advocate their concerns with policymakers and justify more funding for CBR programs.
Deteriorated aesthetics of external wall paint; the impact on rent and take-up of accommodation in a high-end housing estate
Authors: Akinbogun Solomon Pelumi , Aigbbavboa Clinton , Gumbo Trynos 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe factors affecting housing rent and take-up had been largely examined in a cluster. This leaves a dearth of knowledge on the influences of other disparate factors, such as the aesthetics of the building facade. This paper examines the effects of a deteriorated external wall paint on the tenants, rent and take-up of housing located in a high-end housing estate in Akure, Nigeria. The logic is to examine the place of aesthetics among the general factors affecting take-up and rental prices.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through census from 133 respondents residing in houses with deteriorated external wall paint. It applied both descriptive and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) to analyse the data.FindingsFindings reveal that close to 60% of the respondents were psychologically affected by the visible deterioration of external wall paint. This translated to a significance reduction in rent compared with the rental prices of similar houses the appearance of which was not deteriorated. Generally, this study found that aesthetics paled into insignificance in the analysis of the general factors affecting housing take-up and rent. However, it ranked first when these were analysed on the structural characteristics of the house only. This is consistent with findings from the MLR parameter estimate, which shows that those who were psychologically affected are more likely to pay a 15% increase in their current rent to take up a similar house without paint deterioration.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have implications on practice and theory. First, while the location mantra is a key determinant of rental prices in theory, in practice, rent on comparable houses could differ if the aesthetics of the external wall paint is compromised. This implies an avoidable loss of rent to the owner of a property who compromises the aesthetic quality of the external wall paint in a high-end location where affordability is arguably high. The implication on public authority is that a lower rent may have a negative implication on government revenue and specifically property tax which is normally based on market rent of a property.Originality/valueA novel quality of the study is that it separates the structural characteristics of a house from the general factors in order to examine the specific effect of deteriorated aesthetics of external wall paint on take-up and rent.
Synthesis of diepoxycyclohexylethyl tetramethyldisiloxane and its application to stereolithography 3D printing
Authors: Huang Biwu , Han Linlin , Wu Baolin , Zhou Wenbin , Lu Zhenting 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to synthesize a new kind of a cationic-type UV-curing prepolymer diepoxycyclohexylethyl tetramethyldisiloxane, which is used to replace the current prepolymers’ common cycloaliphatic epoxy resins to prepare a novel 3D printing stereolithography material.

Design/methodology/approach
Diepoxycyclohexylethyl tetramethyldisiloxane was characterized and analyzed by FT-IR and 1HMR. Diepoxycyclohexylethyl tetramethyldisiloxane was compounded with a polycaprolactone polyol, some acrylates and photoinitiators to prepare a novel 3D printing stereolithography resin (3DPSLR11). Optical properties of 3DPSLR11 were investigated by HRPL-150A stereolithography apparatus and INITELLI-RAY400 UV-curing system. Tensile mechanical properties of printed 3DPSLR11 specimens were tested by WDW-50-type universal testing machine, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined by DMA. Rectangle plates and double-cantilever parts were fabricated by using the stereolithography apparatus with 3DPSLR11 as the printing material, and the dimension shrinkage factors and the curl factors of the parts were investigated.

Findings
The experimental results showed that the critical exposure (Ec) of the 3D printing 3DPSLR11 was 11.6 mJ/cm2, its penetration depth (Dp) was 0.18 mm, the tensile strength of the cured 3DPSLR11 was 40.1 MPa, the tensile modulus was 1,741.4 MPa, the elongation at break was 15.3%, Tg was 113°C, the dimension shrinkage factor was less than 0.85% and the curl factor was less than 8.00%.

Originality/value
In this work, a novel 3D printing 3DPSLR11 was prepared with diepoxycyclohexylethyl tetramethyldisiloxane as a main prepolymer. The novel 3DPSLR11 possessed excellent photosensitivity, and its cured products had good mechanical and thermal properties. The accuracy and resolution of the fabricated parts were high with 3DPSLR11 for stereolithography in 3D printing, which showed that 3DPSLR11 has potential application value as 3D printing material.
The language of leadership in a deadly pandemic
Authors: Craig Russell , Amernic Joel 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper explores the rhetorical and strategic nature of the language political and business leaders used during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic – or what we refer to as their pandemic-speak.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws opportunistically on examples of communications that have appeared variously in letters to shareholders, tweets, and public comments of CEOs of major companies, and in press briefings of several political leaders.

Findings
Good and bad examples of the exercise of leadership through pandemic-speak are presented. Some of the examples discussed are characterised variously by confected positivity, hubris, hyperbole, misinformation, recklessness, appeal to patriotic values, and abuse of the adjectives “unprecedented” and “extraordinary.” The term “COVID-19” is used as an ideographic “whipping post” to deflect attention from the implication of leaders in the inadequate level of preparedness for the pandemic.

Originality/value
This paper reinforces the point that the language of leaders is usually not innocent, but must be monitored closely to enhance meaning, transparency and accountability. CEOs should be less self-serving and instinctive in their crisis communications. Their language should reflect a caring attitude and encourage followers to have trust and confidence in them. Leaders should place greater stead in the wisdom offered in many studies of how to exercise strategic communication choices in a crisis.
Macroscopic non‐Biot's material properties of sandstone with pore‐coupled wave‐induced fluid flows
Authors: Chen Shuna , Wen Xiaotao , Morozov Igor B. , Deng Wubing , Liu Zhege 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWave‐induced pore‐fluid flows are recognized as an important cause of seismic‐wave attenuation at frequencies below 1 kHz within heterogeneous rocks. By using Lagrangian continuum mechanics, wave‐induced pore‐fluid flow mechanisms can be classified strictly on the basis of macroscopic non‐Biot's material properties. In this classification, type I and II wave‐induced pore‐fluid flows are identified by local internal deformations being elastically coupled with either the whole Biot's rock or only with its pore fluid, respectively. Type III wave‐induced pore‐fluid flow is defined as a mixture of types I and II. For all types of wave‐induced pore‐fluid flows, the model predicts all rock properties observed in rock‐deformation experiments, such as the frequency‐dependent poroelastic moduli. The observed attenuation peaks and effective moduli can be used to invert for new, non‐Biot's material properties of porous rock. In data examples, we focus on the pore‐fluid coupled (type II) wave‐induced pore‐fluid flow mechanism and compare it to a previous analysis of type I. Non‐Biot's elastic and viscous rock properties are inverted for by fitting the effective drained bulk moduli measured in two previously published experiments: (1) with real sandstone including two saturating fluids and multiple confining pressures, and (2) a numerical experiment with heterogeneous sandstone containing mesoscopic‐ and microscopic‐scale wave‐induced pore‐fluid flows. Compared with a previous study of type I wave‐induced pore‐fluid flow, the data‐fitting method is improved by focusing on attenuation peaks and additional points in the observed spectra. For both of these experiments, both type I and II interpretations yield accurate fitting of the observed attenuation and dispersion spectra. Combinations of type I and II models (type III) yield a broad variety of acceptable mechanical models. This ambiguity of inversion shows that the different types of wave‐induced pore‐fluid flows cannot be differentiated in conventional attenuation/dispersion experiments. However, these WIFF types are physically meaningful and lead to rigorous equations of rock deformation that can be used in many applications.
Long‐distance natal dispersal is relatively frequent and correlated with environmental factors in a widespread raptor
Authors: McCaslin Hanna M. , Caughlin T. Trevor , Heath Julie A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Dispersal is a critical process influencing population dynamics and responses to global change. Long‐distance dispersal (LDD) can be especially important for gene flow and adaptability, although little is known about the factors influencing LDD because studying large‐scale movements is challenging and LDD tends to be observed less frequently than shorter‐distance dispersal (SDD).

We sought to understand patterns of natal dispersal at a large scale, specifically aiming to understand the relative frequency of LDD compared to SDD and correlates of dispersal distances.

We used bird banding and encounter data for American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to investigate the effects of sex, migration strategy, population density, weather, year and agricultural land cover on LDD frequency, LDD distance and SDD distance in North America from 1961 to 2015.

Nearly half of all natal dispersal (48.9%) was LDD (classified as >30 km), and the likelihood of LDD was positively associated with the proportion of agricultural land cover around natal sites. Correlates of distance differed between LDD and SDD movements. LDD distance was positively correlated with latitude, a proxy for migration strategy, suggesting that migratory individuals disperse farther than residents. Distance of LDD in males was positively associated with maximum summer temperature. We did not find sex‐bias or an effect of population density in LDD distance or frequency. Within SDD, females tended to disperse farther than males, and distance was positively correlated with density. Sampling affected all responses, likely because local studies more frequently capture SDD within study areas.

Our findings that LDD occurs at a relatively high frequency and is related to different proximate factors from SDD, including a lack of sex‐bias in LDD, suggest that LDD may be more common than previously reported, and LDD and SDD may be distinct processes rather than two outcomes originating from a single dispersal distribution. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that LDD and SDD may be separate processes in an avian species, and suggests that environmental change may have different outcomes on the two processes.
Contracting and Farmers’ Perception of Unfair Trading Practices in the EU Dairy Sector
Authors: Di Marcantonio Federica , Ciaian Pavel , Fałkowski Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is commonly asserted that unfair trading practices (UTPs) emerge largely as a result of contract incompleteness. In line with this view it is claimed that making contracts more complete will represent an antidote to UTPs. In this paper we argue that this does not need to be the case. This is because contracts, except for their potential to increase the surplus generated in the transaction, determine how this surplus will be divided. This, in turn, makes it possible for both trading partners to use contractual terms to turn the distributional conflict to their advantage. In the presence of unequal distribution of bargaining power this may lead to a situation in which the stronger party may succeed in tilting the contract in its favour by including UTPs in the contract content. Drawing insights from data collected in 2017 through a field survey among dairy farmers in France, Germany, Poland and Spain, we find support for this argument. Our estimation results show that contract completeness increases the likelihood of farmers reporting that their contracts with processors include the practices that may be considered as UTPs. Further, and also in line with this argument, contract completeness does not seem to affect UTPs during the contract execution or its termination.
Understanding Filipino Rice Farmer Preference Heterogeneity for Varietal Trait Improvements: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Maligalig Rio , Demont Matty , Umberger Wendy J. , Peralta Alexandra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing an experimental methodology based on investment games, we examine whether smallholder rice farmers from Nueva Ecija, Philippines have heterogeneous preferences for improvements in 10 rice varietal traits. We use a latent class cluster approach to identify different segments of rice producing households and their distinct preferences for trait improvements. These clusters were characterised post hoc using household, farm, and marketing characteristics. On average, farmers invested the most in rice varietal trait improvements that offered opportunities to reduce losses caused by lodging, insects and diseases. We found four classes of farmers with distinct preferences for improvements in variety traits. The clusters were significantly different in terms of household and farm characteristics. These findings can guide breeding research in the development of varieties that have the traits farmers identified for improvement, and that will address the unique needs of distinct farmer segments.
Potentials of rice as a suitable alternative for the production of ogi (a cereal‐based starchy fermented gruel)
Authors: Akintayo Olaide Akinwunmi , Hashim Yunus Olayemi , Adereti Adesewa Grace , Balogun Mutiat Adebanke , Bolarinwa Islamiyat Folashade , Abiodun Olufunmilola Adunni , Dauda Adegbola Oladele , Solaja Anuoluwapo Abayomi , Alabi Oluwatoyin Fatai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the physicochemical and sensory properties of ogi (a cereal‐based starchy fermented gruel) produced from two local rice varieties, Abakaliki and Tapa, were determined. Ogi from white maize served as the control. There was a gradual increase in temperature from approximately 28 to 30 °C during fermentation. White maize exhibited the highest acidity level throughout the fermentation period. Tapa and Abakaliki rice ogi samples (i.e., TRO and ARO, respectively) were higher in yields and amylose contents than white maize ogi (WMO). WMO had significantly (P < 0.05) lower moisture content (54.14%) than ARO (62.18%) and TRO (68.02%). The highest and lowest sedimentation rates recorded for WMO and TRO, respectively, were attributed to difference in moisture contents and granule bulk densities. WMO showed higher solubility indices (3.54 to 4.66%) at all the temperatures (60 to 100 °C) tested. TRO and ARO had higher final and setback viscosities, as well as pasting temperatures than WMO, but were lower in breakdown viscosity. Ogi samples from rice recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher L* values and distinct color characteristics with reference to a sample from maize, and this was suspected to have partially influenced their higher preference by the panelists during sensory evaluation. Rice is not just suitable for ogi production but looks promising to enjoy even more consumer acceptability than maize in this respect. However, there are notable peculiarities, such as major roles attributable to amylose contents.Practical ApplicationsThe study confirms the potential of rice as a promising alternative to white maize in the production of ogi while comparing the quality attributes of products from the two cereal types. Results from the study represent useful scientific insights into the distinct variations in some properties of rice and maize during fermentation. Production of ogi from rice, such as Abakaliki and Tapa varieties, may present an effective strategy to support government's political will aimed at promoting local rice in Nigeria and in Africa at large.