bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐trimester absent nasal bone: is it a predictive factor for pathogenic CNVs in the low‐risk population?
Authors: Fantasia Ilaria , Stampalija Tamara , Sirchia Fabio , Della Pietà Irene , Ottaviani Giammarco Chiara , Guidolin Francesca , Quadrifoglio Mariachiara , Barresi Valentina , Travan Laura , Faletra Flavio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of first‐trimester absent nasal bone (NB) and genetic abnormalities at G‐banding karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) according to the nuchal translucency (NT) thickness.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of fetuses that underwent the first‐trimester scan for the combined test at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks' gestation. Invasive test with G‐banding karyotype and/or CMA was performed based on the result of the combined test or if fetal defects were detected or for patient's choice, after genetic counseling. All cases with absent NB in the first and second trimester underwent a detailed anomaly scan with echocardiography in the second trimester, had a longitudinal ultrasound, and postnatal follow‐up up to at least 1 year.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2018, 7228 women underwent the first‐trimester scan at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks. Overall prevalence of absent NB was 1.3% (96/7228). Of those, in 86 pregnancies (1.2%), the absence of NB was confirmed also in the second trimester: 0.58% (40/6909) in the group with NT <95th centile; 6%(14/233) in the group with NT between 95 and 99th centile; and 37.2% (32/86) in the group with NT >99th centile, respectively. CMA pathogenic variants were found only in the group with NT >99th centile with a diagnostic yield of 9.4%. Fetuses with absent NB and NT between 95 and 99th centile had in 57% (8/14) a major chromosomal anomaly, while in the NT <95 centile group, there were 5% (2/40) of chromosomal abnormalities (one inherited from the father).ConclusionIn the first trimester, the risk for genetic syndromes detectable by CMA is related mainly to the NT thickness rather than to the absence of NB per se. In fetuses with absent NB and NT >99th centile, CMA should be performed after karyotype analysis, while for NT between 95 and 99th centile, a karyotype should be proposed as first‐line procedure. Data provided by our study may be helpful in counseling women/couples when an absent NB is identified in the first trimester.
The association between flow and oxygenation and cortical development in fetuses with congenital heart defects using a brain‐age prediction algorithm
Authors: Everwijn Sheila M. P. , Namburete Ana I. L. , van Geloven Nan , Jansen Fenna A. R. , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Teunissen Aalbertine K. , Rozendaal Lieke , Blom Nico , van Lith Jan M. , Haak Monique C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesPresumably, changes in fetal circulation contribute to the delay in maturation of the cortex in fetuses with congenital heart defect (CHD). The aim of the current study is to analyze fetal brain development based on hemodynamic differences, using novel brain‐age prediction software.MethodsWe have performed detailed neurosonography, including acquiring 3D volumes, prospectively in cases with isolated CHD from 20 weeks onwards. An algorithm that assesses the degree of fetal brain‐age automatically was used to compare CHD cases to controls. We stratified CHD cases according to flow and oxygenation profiles by lesion physiology and performed subgroup analyses.ResultsA total of 616 ultrasound volumes of 162 CHD cases and 75 controls were analyzed. Significant differences in maturation of the cortex were observed in cases with normal blood flow toward the brain (−3.8 days, 95%CI [−5.5; −2.0], P = <.001) and low (−4.0 days, 95% CI [−6.7; −1.2] P = <.05; hypoplastic left heart syndrome[HLHS]) and mixed (−4.4 days, 95%CI [−6.4; −2.5] p = <.001) oxygen saturation in the ascending aorta (TGA) and in cardiac mixing (eg, Fallot) cases.ConclusionThe current study shows significant delay in brain‐age in TGA and Fallot cases as compared to control cases. However, the small differences found in this study questions the clinical relevance.
Health‐Related Incidents among Intercollegiate Wheelchair Basketball Players
Authors: Kasitinon Donald , Royston Alexa , Wernet Lauren , Garner Doug , Richard Joshua , Argo Lindsay Ramey 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundStudies have revealed a higher incidence of injury and illness among elite adaptive athletes when compared to non‐disabled athletes in the Paralympics and Olympics. However, sport‐specific health care incidence rates and patterns outside of the Paralympics have been poorly described. To date, there are no prospective studies focused on injury or illness rates among intercollegiate wheelchair basketball players.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of sports‐related injuries and illnesses among men's and women's intercollegiate wheelchair basketball teams throughout a season. We hypothesized that injury rates among the intercollegiate wheelchair basketball players would be similar to or greater than those of previously published National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) nondisabled basketball players and that injuries would most commonly affect the upper extremities.DesignProspective surveillance study.SettingMen's and women's intercollegiate wheelchair basketball teams in Arlington, Texas.ParticipantsTwenty‐eight (14 male, 14 female) of the 29 (15 male, 14 female) eligible adult athletes playing on an intercollegiate men's or women's wheelchair basketball team during the 2018‐2019 season.InterventionsCompletion of a repeatable, electronic, web‐app injury and illness survey during the season, as well as separate pre‐ and post‐season injury and illness surveys.Main Outcome MeasuresInjury rates throughout the season based on athlete‐exposures and relative risk (RR) of injury of intercollegiate wheelchair basketball players compared to NCAA nondisabled basketball players. Description of onset, location, diagnosis, medical evaluation, and missed time from sport related to injuries and illnesses.ResultsSixty‐two health‐related incidents, including 48 injuries and 14 illnesses, were prospectively reported during the season. Overall injury incidence rates were 12.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.4 to 17.4) and 13.1 (95% CI 7.8 to 18.4) injuries per 1000 athlete‐exposures among male and female athletes, respectively. These equated to RRs of 1.53 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.27) (male) and 2.01 (95% CI 1.34 to 3.02) (female) when compared to the rates published previously on NCAA nondisabled basketball players, indicating a statistically significant increase in injury risk. Injuries most commonly involved the upper extremities (56.3%). Illnesses commonly involved the gastrointestinal (35.7%) or respiratory (21.4%) systems.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective study to report incidence of sports‐related injuries and illnesses throughout an intercollegiate wheelchair basketball season. Overall injury rates reported were higher than prior NCAA nondisabled intercollegiate basketball reports. This reinforces the need to establish an accessible network of health care support and injury prevention strategies for these athletes.
Endobronchial metastases from a primary embryonal carcinoma
Authors: Teng Chi‐Kang , Cheng Wen‐Chien , Chen Chieh‐Lung , Chen Ting‐Han , Lin Yun‐Shan , Tu Chih‐Yen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 24‐year‐old man who presented with chief complaints of shortness of breath and haemoptysis; chest radiography revealed complete collapse of the left lung. Bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial tumour with complete obstruction of the left main bronchus. Cryosurgical excision was performed; tissue pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic embryonal carcinoma. The patient underwent a right orchiectomy followed by a bleomycin + etoposide + cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy regimen.
Experimental validation of the modeling and control of a multibody underwater vehicle manipulator system for sea mining exploration
Authors: Di Vito Daniele , De Palma Daniela , Simetti Enrico , Indiveri Giovanni , Antonelli Gianluca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the modeling approach and the control framework developed for the ROBUST EU Horizon 2020 project. The goal of this project is to showcase technologies and methodologies for future autonomous mineral exploration missions in deep‐sea sites with an Underwater Vehicle‐Manipulator System. Within the aim to make the system reliable in performing autonomously the entire mission, specific modeling, navigation, and control solutions are proposed. In particular, the multihull vehicle hydrodynamic model is derived and experimentally validated, and then used in the implementation of the navigation filter which provides the necessary feedback for the control framework. The latter computes, using a task priority approach, the reference system velocity and control forces for enabling the system desired behaviors. The overall navigation‐control architecture has been validated through several sea trials, leading to the final experimental campaign held in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, in October 2019, where the overall ROBUST mission was demonstrated. The obtained results are reported to show the effectiveness of the developed framework.
Agricultural sustainability assessment framework integrating sustainable development goals and interlinked priorities of environmental, climate and agriculture policies
Authors: Streimikis Justas , Baležentis Tomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe agricultural sustainability issues are widely addressed in scientific literature and various reports by international organizations. However, there is lack of harmonized approach in addressing agricultural sustainability issues as different policies are targeting different sustainability issues in agriculture. This article analyses sustainable agriculture development and agriculture sustainability concepts and sustainability assessment approaches and tools developed for agriculture sector. Based on systematic critical literature review, this article develops the new indicators framework for sustainability assessment in agriculture which allows us to achieve harmonization of sustainable development, climate and agricultural policies in European Union (EU). The proposed indicators framework allows us to address the main sustainability issues of agriculture by linking them with sustainable development goals, environmental, climate and rural development policy priorities in EU. The main contribution of this article is linking rural policy goals with sustainable development, climate change mitigation and environmental policy goals by providing agricultural sustainability assessment framework allowing us to track these linkages through indicators system.
Die Gestaltung Forschenden Lernens mit digitalen Medien
Authors: Schirmer Carola , Marín Victoria 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Mit diesem Beitrag möchten wir zur Nutzung digitaler Medien in Prozessen des Forschenden Lernens anregen, indem wir Beispiele und Kriterien für den Einsatz digitaler Medien aufzeigen. Wie in anderen Anwendungsbereichen orientiert dieser sich auch beim Forschen und Lernen an den Aktivitäten, die zur Erreichung bestimmter Ziele stattfinden. Es stellt sich daher nicht die Frage, ob die Nutzung digitaler Technologien im Forschenden Lernen an sich sinnvoll ist, sondern welche Aktivitäten im Forschenden Lernen stattfinden und wie diese jeweils mit digitalen Anwendungen unterstützt werden können.
Tackling Inequalities!
Authors: Satilmis Ayla 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland ist die Zahl der Studierenden binnen kurzer Zeit erheblich gestiegen: Gegenwärtig studieren fast drei Millionen Menschen – knapp eine Million mehr als noch vor einem Jahrzehnt. Die Hochschulen stehen vor der Frage, wie sie den aktuellen Herausforderungen im Lehralltag begegnen können. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet, inwiefern Forschendes Lernen als ungleichheitssensibles Lehr-Lern-Konzept relevant ist und soziale Teilhabechancen im Wissenschaftsbetrieb erweitern kann.
Medial Open Wedge High tibial Osteotomy (MOWHTO) does not relevantly alter patellar kinematics: a cadaveric study
Authors: Greimel Felix , Maderbacher Guenther , Baier Clemens , Krieg Bernd , Zeman Florian , Grifka Joachim , Keshmiri Armin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to quantify the influence of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy on patellar kinematics using optical computer navigation, as anterior knee pain infrequently occurs postoperatively and the reason is still being unknown.

Methods
Ten medial open wedge high tibial osteotomies at supratuberosity level in 5 full body specimens were performed. The effect of the surgical procedure on patellar kinematics, measured at 5 and 10 degrees of leg alignment correction angle, was analyzed and compared to native patellar kinematics during passive motion—regarding patella shift, tilt, epicondylar distance and rotation. Linear mixed models were used for statistical analysis, a two‐sided p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Tilt behavior, medial shift and epicondylar distance did not show a significant difference regarding natural patellar kinematics at both osteotomy levels. Both osteotomy correction angles showed a significant less external rotation of the patella (p < 0.001, respectively) compared to natural kinematics.

Conclusions
Except less external rotation of the patella, medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy does not seem to relevantly alter patellar alignment during passive motion. Future clinical studies have to prove the effect of MOWHTO on patellar kinematics measured in this experimental setup, especially regarding its influence on anterior knee pain.
Predisposing and triggering factors of large-scale landslides in Debre Sina area, central Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Mebrahtu Tesfay Kiros , Hussien Bedru , Banning Andre , Wohnlich Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA large number of landslide events have repeatedly struck the border zone of the northwestern plateaus of Ethiopia. Debre Sina area is one of the most tectonically active areas located along the western margin of the Afar depression, which is frequently affected by landslides. Despite that, urban and rural development is currently active in almost the entire area. It is crucial, therefore, to understand the main causes and failure mechanisms of landslides in the Debre Sina area and its surroundings. The present study investigated landslides using field mapping of geological and geomorphological features, remote sensing, geo-morphometric analysis, structural analysis, rainfall data, landslide inventory, and earthquake data. The results of the study indicate that large-scale and deep-seated landslide problems appear to be caused by complex geological settings and rugged topography. In particular, the location and morphology of the Yizaba Wein and Shotel Amba landslides are strongly controlled by geological structures. Their flanks are bounded by high angle faults, and their main basal failure surfaces have developed within a W–E striking eastward-dipping normal fault zone. The complex litho-structural and morphologic settings play a vital role in controlling the geometry of the slip surfaces and the stability of the landslides.
On the Axiomatisability of the Dual of Compact Ordered Spaces
Authors: Abbadini Marco , Reggio Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe provide a direct and elementary proof of the fact that the category of Nachbin’s compact ordered spaces is dually equivalent to an $$\aleph _1$$

ℵ
1

-ary variety of algebras. Further, we show that $$\aleph _1$$

ℵ
1

is a sharp bound: compact ordered spaces are not dually equivalent to any $$\mathrm{SP}$$
SP
-class of finitary algebras.
Neuroprotective effect of 3,3’-Diindolylmethane against perinatal asphyxia involves inhibition of the AhR and NMDA signaling and hypermethylation of specific genes
Authors: Rzemieniec J , Bratek E , Wnuk A , Przepiórska K , Salińska E , Kajta M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEach year, 1 million children die due to perinatal asphyxia; however, there are no effective drugs to protect the neonatal brain against hypoxic/ischemic damage. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the neuroprotective capacity of 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) in an in vivo model of rat perinatal asphyxia, which has translational value and corresponds to hypoxic/ischemic episodes in human newborns. Posttreatment with DIM restored the weight of the ipsilateral hemisphere and normalized cell number in the brain structures of rats exposed to perinatal asphyxia. DIM also downregulated the mRNA expression of HIF1A-regulated Bnip3 and Hif1a which is a hypoxic marker, and the expression of miR-181b which is an indicator of perinatal asphyxia. In addition, DIM inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress accompanying perinatal asphyxia through: downregulation of FAS, CASP-3, CAPN1, GPx3 and SOD-1, attenuation of caspase-9 activity, and upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 mRNA. The protective effects of DIM were accompanied by the inhibition of the AhR and NMDA signaling pathways, as indicated by the reduced expression levels of AhR, ARNT, CYP1A1, GluN1 and GluN2B, which was correlated with enhanced global DNA methylation and the methylation of the Ahr and Grin2b genes. Because our study provided evidence that in rat brain undergoing perinatal asphyxia, DIM predominantly targets AhR and NMDA, we postulate that compounds that possess the ability to inhibit their signaling are promising therapeutic tools to prevent stroke.
Influence of green tea consumption on endoxifen steady-state concentration in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen
Authors: Braal C. Louwrens , Hussaarts Koen G. A. M. , Seuren Lieke , Oomen-de Hoop Esther , de Bruijn Peter , Buck Stefan A. J. , Bos Monique E. M. M. , Thijs-Visser Martine F. , Zuetenhorst Hanneke J. M. , Mathijssen-van Stein Daniëlle , Vastbinder Mijntje B. , van Leeuwen Roelof W. F. , van Gelder Teun , Koolen Stijn L. W. , Jager Agnes , Mathijssen Ron H. J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Many cancer patients use additional herbs or supplements in combination with their anti-cancer therapy. Green tea—active ingredient epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)—is one of the most commonly used dietary supplements among breast cancer patients. EGCG may alter the metabolism of tamoxifen. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of green tea supplements on the pharmacokinetics of endoxifen; the most relevant active metabolite of tamoxifen.

Methods
In this single-center, randomized cross-over trial, effects of green tea capsules on endoxifen levels were evaluated. Patients treated with tamoxifen for at least 3 months were eligible for this study. After inclusion, patients were consecutively treated with tamoxifen monotherapy for 28 days and in combination with green tea supplements (1 g twice daily; containing 300 mg EGCG) for 14 days (or vice versa). Blood samples were collected on the last day of monotherapy or combination therapy. Area under the curve (AUC0–24h), maximum concentration (Cmax) and minimum concentration (Ctrough) were obtained from individual plasma concentration–time curves.

Results
No difference was found in geometric mean endoxifen AUC0–24h in the period with green tea versus tamoxifen monotherapy (− 0.4%; 95% CI − 8.6 to 8.5%; p = 0.92). Furthermore, no differences in Cmax (− 2.8%; − 10.6 to 5.6%; p = 0.47) nor Ctrough (1.2%; − 7.3 to 10.5%; p = 0.77) were found. Moreover, no severe toxicity was reported during the whole study period.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the absence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between green tea supplements and tamoxifen. Therefore, the use of green tea by patients with tamoxifen does not have to be discouraged.
Dynamically encoded reactivity of Ras enzymes: opening new frontiers for drug discovery
Authors: Pálfy Gyula , Menyhárd Dóra K. , Perczel András 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDecoding molecular flexibility in order to understand and predict biological processes—applying the principles of dynamic-structure-activity relationships (DSAR)—becomes a necessity when attempting to design selective and specific inhibitors of a protein that has overlapping interaction surfaces with its upstream and downstream partners along its signaling cascade. Ras proteins are molecular switches that meet this definition perfectly. The close-lying P-loop and the highly flexible switch I and switch II regions are the site of nucleotide-, assisting-, and effector-protein binding. Oncogenic mutations that also appear in this region do not cause easily characterized overall structural changes, due partly to the inherent conformational heterogeneity and pliability of these segments. In this review, we present an overview of the results obtained using approaches targeting Ras dynamics, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements and experiment-based modeling calculations (mostly molecular dynamics (MD) simulations). These methodologies were successfully used to decipher the mutant- and isoform-specific nature of certain transient states, far-lying allosteric sites, and the internal interaction networks, as well as the interconnectivity of the catalytic and membrane-binding regions. This opens new therapeutic potential: the discovered interaction hotspots present hitherto not targeted, selective sites for drug design efforts in diverse locations of the protein matrix.
Suspiciously Convenient Belief
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMoral judgments entail or consist in claims that certain ways of behaving are called for. These actions have expectable consequences. I will argue that these consequences are suspiciously benign: on controversial issues, each side assesses these consequences, measured in dispute-independent goods, as significantly better than the consequences of behaving in the ways their opponents recommend. This remains the case even when we have not formed our moral judgment by assessing consequences. I will suggest that the evidence indicates that our perception of the consequences of acting as recommended by our moral judgments is motivated, such that the warrant of such assessments is lower than we might have thought. The suspicion correlation between our moral judgments and our assessments of the implicated facts provides higher-order evidence that should lead us to reduce our confidence in these assessments.
Triploid forage grass hybrids Festuca apennina × F. pratensis display extraordinary heterosis for yield characteristics
Authors: Boller Beat , Kopecký David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHybrid vigor (or heterosis) is the over-performance of a hybrid over its parents in a specific trait or a set of traits. As such, hybrid breeding serves as a tool to efficiently trigger gains in breeding programs. Moreover, hybrids of genetically distant landraces, varieties or even species may become evolutionary successful. In Swiss alpine swards, we observed frequent prevalence of triploid hybrids of Festuca pratensis × F. apennina with outstanding competitiveness relative to their parental species in the sites of sympatric occurrence. Observations of these highly vigorous hybrids prompted the study on their heterosis across various environmental conditions. Phenotypic observations during 3 years at four locations at different altitudes (from 200 to 1850 m a.s.l.) have shown significant heterosis for dry biomass production at all sites during the first and second year, and at the mid- and high altitude sites also in the third year. At mid-altitude (1000 m a.s.l.), heterosis increased steadily and reached a maximum of + 508% for annual yield (+ 626% for a single cut) in the third year. This is by far the highest value of heterosis ever reported for annual dry matter yield of a forage grass. Further utilization of triploid hybrids in forage grass breeding is hampered by their sterility. Hence there is a need for vegetative propagation. However, artificial chromosome doubling of triploids to create fertile hexaploids, or seeking ways to propagate them vegetatively at an industrial scale might overcome this limitation.