bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DAKTILITAS KURVATUR PENAMPANG KOLOM BETON BERTULANG TERKEKANG CINCIN BAJA
Authors: Safitri Endah 
Published: December 2019

<p>Struktur perlu didesain mempunyai daktilitas yang tinggi agar mendapatkan struktur yang relatif kuat menahan beban gempa (<em>earthquake resistant building</em>). Pada elemen beton bertulang, pengekangan efektif pada elemen struktur yang menerima gaya aksial tekan dominan yaitu kolom. Kekangan yang umum dipakai selama ini pada kolom adalah <em>internal confinement. </em>Paper ini membahas tentang <em>external confinement </em>sebagai alternatif lain dari pengekangan kolom. Sebagai <em>external confinement </em>dipakai tabung silinder baja yang dipotong dengan lebar tertentu sehingga mirip cincin baja. Efek kekangan yang berbeda pada beton didapat dari variasi nilai rasio volumetrik cincin baja. Daktilitas kurvatur meningkat seiring dengan semakin besarnya rasio volumetrik cincin baja. Hal ini dikarenakan semakin besar rasio volumetrik cincin baja, maka daerah kekangan semakin luas sehingga beton mampu berdeformasi lebih besar. Meningkatnya kemampuan beton dalam berdeformasi ini akan meningkatkan daktilitas beton. Kenaikan optimum daktilitas kurvatur penampang kolom beton bertulang terkekang cincin baja tercapai pada rasio volumetrik 1,85%.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: daktilitas kurvatur, kekangan, kolom beton bertulang</p>
Hydrology objects monitoring system
Authors: Kuzmich A. I. , Baranovski O. V. , Valvachev A. N. 
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the results of the development of monitoring system of potentially dangerous hydro-objects. The formal statement of the problem, models of the monitoring scene and its participants are presented. The scene is initially focused on the gradual replacement of participants-people on systems with artificial intelligence. The models are unified and can be refined to the level of program code. On the basis of models the proactive algorithm of monitoring providing fixing of dangerous situations at an initial stage of their emergence and operational synthesis of the corresponding managing decisions is constructed. The algorithm uses a knowledge base containing formalized expert knowledge about the features of the observed objects and resources of the regional administration to combat catastrophic phenomena.To automate the solution, a hardware and software system using domestic intelligent sensors has been developed. Programs are written in the console version, require a minimum of computing resources. The peculiarity of the system is to minimize the time of decision-making and reducing their subjectivity by reducing the role of the human factor.The complex is intended for use in areas where possible floods of water bodies with disastrous consequences.
Gender Differences in Treatments and Interventions Received for Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Josenby Annika Lundkvist , Czuba Tomasz , Schmidt Ann I Alriksson 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: In the Swedish population-based follow-up program and national quality registry for individuals with cerebral palsy (CPUP), physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) treatments are regularly recorded along with functional status. By Swedish law, all citizens irrespective of personal characteristics or socioeconomic status have the right to receive healthcare and medical treatments as applicable. Previous research has shown gender differences in treatments and interventions received by children with cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to examine differences in treatments and interventions by gender and place of birth in children and adolescents participating in CPUP. Methods: This was a cross-sectional registry study. Data from the latest PT (n = 2635) and OT assessment forms (n = 3480) in CPUP were extracted for individuals aged 0-17 years. Logistic regressions were used to assess the relationships between the outcome variables and gender and place of birth (including an interaction term gender X place of birth), adjusted for age, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and spasticity scores for PT interventions and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for OT interventions. Results: Results are presented as odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] and p-values. Girls were significantly more likely to have spinal braces than boys; 1.54 [1.07, 2.22] p<0.05, a significant interaction with place of birth indicated fewer spinal braces prescribed to children born outside of the Nordic countries; 0.20 [0.079, 0.53] p<0.001. Girls were less likely to have undergone selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR); 0.49 [0.25, 0.94] p<0.05. Individuals born outside of the Nordic countries, were significantly less likely to have received intrathecal baclofen (ITB) 0.27 [0.074, 0.98] p<0.05. Conclusions Of the treatments prescribed, gender differences were observed for spinal braces and having undergone SDR. A statistically significant difference based on place of birth was noted for spinal bracing and having received ITB treatment. Other PT and OT treatments were associated with age, levels of spasticity, and functional severity as classified with the GMFCS and the MACS. Increased awareness of differences based on gender, and where a child is born, could be obtained by inter- and intraprofessional discussions.
Genome-wide comparative analysis of the BAHD superfamily in seven Rosaceae species and expression analysis in pear (Pyrus☓ bretschneideri)
Authors: Liu Chunxin , Qiao Xin , Li Qionghou , Zeng Weiwei , Wei Shuwei , Wang Xin , Chen Yangyang , Wu Xiao , Wu Jun , Yin Hao , Zhang Shaoling 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The BAHD acyltransferase superfamily exhibits various biological roles in plants, including regulating fruit quality, catalytic synthesizing of terpene, phenolics and esters, and improving stress resistance. However, the copy numbers, expression characteristics and associations with fruit aroma formation of the BAHD genes remain unclear. Results: In total, 717 BAHD genes were obtained from the genomes of seven Rosaceae , ( Pyrus bretschneideri , Malus domestica , Prunus avium , Prunus persica , Fragaria vesca , Pyrus communis and Rubus occidentalis ). Based on the detailed phylogenetic analysis and classifications in model plants, we divided the BAHD family genes into seven groups, I-a, I-b, II-a, II-b, III-a, IV and V. An inter-species synteny analysis revealed the ancient origin of BAHD superfamily with 78 syntenic gene pairs were detected among the seven Rosaceae species. Different types of gene duplication events jointly drive the expansion of BAHD superfamily, and purifying selection dominates the evolution of BAHD genes supported by the small Ka/Ks ratios . Based on the correlation analysis between the ester content and expression levels of BAHD genes at different developmental stages, four candidate genes were selected for verification as assessed by qRT-PCR. The result implied that Pbr020016.1 , Pbr019034.1 , Pbr014028.1 and Pbr029551.1 are important candidate genes involved in aroma formation during pear fruit development. Conclusion: We have thoroughly identified the BAHD superfamily genes and performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of their phylogenetic relationships, expansion patterns, and expression characteristics in seven Rosaceae species, and we also obtained four candidate genes involved in aroma synthesis in pear fruit . These results provide a theoretical basis for future studies of the specific biological functions of BAHD superfamily members and the improvement of pear fruit quality. Keywords : BAHD, pear, evolution, Rosaceae, transcriptome, volatile esters
Extensive antimicrobial resistance and plasmid-carrying resistance genes mcr-1-positive E. coli sampled in swine, in Guangxi, South China
Authors: Yuan Jingzhi , Wang Xiaoye , Shi Dali , Ge Qiang , Song Xingxing , Hu Wen , Wei Deyuan , Ge Chenling , Li Xun , Hu Chuanhuo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The discovery of the superbug mcr-1 -positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC) has attracted worldwide attention. Swine-origin multi-drug resistant MCRPEC is a potential threat to public health and safety. To date, few detailed studies have been reported on swine MCRPEC in Guangxi, South China. Results: In this study, thirty-three MCRPEC strains were identified from 142 E. coli strains isolated from swine in Guangxi in 2018. All MCRPEC isolates were classified into eight unique STs and a total of six incompatibility plasmid groups (IncFI, IncHI1, IncY, IncN, IncI1 and IncX1) were found. Then, susceptibility of MCRPEC isolates to 27 antimicrobial agents belonging to 17 antimicrobial categories was tested. There were nineteen 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins resistant E. coli and twelve carbapenem resistant E. coli among the 33 MCRPEC strains. Importantly, the MCRPEC were highly resistant to two carbapenem antibiotics, imipenem and meropenem, which were not permitted for use in livestock production. Three MCRPEC strains were further identified to be extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and the other isolates were recognized as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). Moreover, in order to detect whether the acquired antimicrobial resistance genes coexisted with the mcr-1 gene of the MCRPEC isolates, 22 acquired antimicrobial resistance genes were tested in total plasmid genes of MCRPEC isolates . At last, β-lactamase antimicrobial resistance genes such as ESBL genes ( bla CTX-M14 , bla CTX-M24 , bla CTX-M123 , bla OXA-1 ), plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) gene ( bla CMY-2 ), and the carbapenem gene bla NDM-5 were detected. In addition, non-β-lactamase antimicrobial resistance genes such as qnrA , qnrB , qnrS , aac(6’)-Ib-cr , tetA , tetB , sul1 , sul2 , floR , aadA were also detected. Conclusion: Thirty-three mcr-1 -positive E. coli isolates in Guangxi had a wide range of antimicrobial resistance. Plasmids carrying resistance genes might be the main cause of MCRPEC multidrug resistance. This study highlights the necessity for long-term surveillance of mcr-1 -positive E. coli in pigs.
A comparative study of mothers of infants hospitalized in an open ward neonatal intensive care unit and a combined pod and single-family room design
Authors: Feeley Nancy , Robins Stephanie , Genest Christine , Stremler Robyn , Zelkowitz Phyllis , Charbonneau Lyne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The well-being of mothers of infants requiring Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalization may be affected by the architectural design of the unit. A few recent studies suggest there may be some drawbacks of single-family rooms (SFRs) for infants and their mothers, such as isolation of mothers and reduced exposure to auditory stimulation for infants. Purpose: To compare NICU-stress, symptoms of depression, perceptions of nurse-parent support and family-centered care, sleep disturbances, breastfeeding self-efficacy and readiness for discharge in mothers of infants cared for in an open ward (OW) to those cared for in a unit that includes both pods and SFRs. Methods: A pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted in a Canadian level 3 unit before and after transitioning to a new unit of 6-bed pods and SFRs. OW data were collected in 2014 and pod/SFR data one year after the transition in 2017 to 2018. Mothers of infants hospitalized for at least 2 weeks completed questionnaires about stress, depressive symptoms, support, family-centered care, and sleep disturbances. In the week prior to discharge, they responded to breastfeeding self-efficacy and readiness for discharge questionnaires. They described their presence in the NICU at enrollment and again prior to discharge. Results: Pod/SFR mothers reported significantly less NICU-stress compared to OW mothers. OW mothers had greater sights and sounds stress and felt more restricted in their parental role. Pod/SFR mothers reported greater respect from staff. Controlling for maternal education, pod/SFR mothers perceived their infant’s readiness for discharge to be greater than OW mothers. There were no significant differences between groups in depressive symptoms, nurse-parent support, sleep disturbances, and breastfeeding self-efficacy. At enrollment and again in the weeks preceding discharge, pod/SFR mothers were present significantly more hours per week than OW mothers, controlling for maternal education. Conclusions: Further study of small pods is indicated as these units may be less stressful for parents, and enhance family-centered care, as well as maternal presence, compared to OWs.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of stem nodes in cadmium transport to rice grain
Authors: Liu Ailing , Zhou Zhibo , Yi Yake , Chen Guanghui 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Node is the central organ of transferring nutrients and ions in plants. Cadmium (Cd) induced crop pollution threatens the food safety. Breeding of low Cd accumulation cultivar is a chance to resolve this universal problem. This study was performed to identify tissue specific genes involved in Cd accumulation in different rice stem nodes. Panicle node and the first node under panicle (node I) were sampled in two rice cultivars: Xiangwanxian No. 12 (low Cd accumulation cultivar) and Yuzhenxiang (high Cd accumulation cultivar). RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs. Results: Xiangwanxian No. 12 had lower Cd concentration in panicle node, node I and grain compared with Yuzhenxiang , and node Ⅰ had the highest Cd concentration in the two cultivars. RNA seq analysis identified 4,535 DEGs and 70 miRNAs between the two cultivars. Most genes related to the “transporter activity”, such as OsIRT1 , OsNramp5, OsVIT2 , OsNRT1.5A, and OsABCC1 , play roles in blocking the upward transport of Cd. Among the genes related to “response to stimulus”, we identified OsHSP70 and OsHSFA2d/B2c in Xiangwanxian No. 12 , but not in Yuzhenxiang , were all down-regulated by Cd stimulus. The up-regulation of miRNAs ( osa-miR528 and osa-miR408 ) in Xiangwanxian No. 12 played a potent role in lowering Cd accumulation via down regulating the expression of candidate genes, such as bZIP , ERF , MYB , SnRK1 and HSPs . Conclusions: Both panicle node and node I of Xiangwanxian No. 12 played a key role in blocking the upward transportation of Cd, while node I played a critical role in Yuzhenxiang . Distinct expression patterns of various transporter genes such as OsNRT1.5A, OsNramp5, OsIRT1, OsVIT2 and OsABCC1 resulted in differential Cd accumulation in different nodes. Likewise, distinct expression patterns of these transporter genes are likely responsible for the low Cd accumulation in Xiangwanxian No. 12 cultivar . MiRNAs drove multiple transcription factors, such as OsbZIPs, OsERFs, OsMYBs , to play a role in Cd stress response.
Health Service Utilization and Out-Of-Pocket Health Expenditure Among Insured and Uninsured: A Comparative Study in Baglung District, Nepal
Authors: Bhatt Laxman Datt , Dhami Shankar Singh , Yadav Dipendra Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Nepal's Interim Constitution of 2007 addresses health as a fundamental right, stating that every citizen has the right to basic health services free of cost. Government of Nepal formed a Social Health Security Development Committee as a legal framework to start implementing a social health security scheme after the National Health Insurance Policy came out in 2013. The program has aimed to increase the access of health services to the poor and the marginalized, and people in hard to reach areas of the country, though challenges remain with financing. Several aspects should be considered in design, learning from earlier community-based health insurance schemes that suffered from low enrollment and retention of members as well as from a pro-rich bias.Method A community based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Baglung district of Nepal to find out and compare the health service utilization and direct out-of-pocket health care expenditure among the 225 insured and 225 uninsured households under the national health insurance program of Nepal. Insured households were randomly chosen from study area and uninsured households were selected by using neighborhood method.Result The study focused that insurance status was strongly associated with heath service utilization with odds ratio 1.774 (95% CI = 1.127-2.791, P = 0.013). The study also depicts that insurance status was major determinants of out of pocket health expenditure. The median out-of-pocket health expenditure among insured households Nepalese Rupees 200 while among uninsured was 1225, which was statistically significant (p = <0.001 MW-U test). Among uninsured group, non-dalit were 2.846 times more likely to utilize health services compared to the dalit (p = 0.003) but it was not significant (p = 0.47) among insured group.Conclusion Nepal’s Health Insurance Board is responsible for purchasing the quality health care service and make available at possible nearest point of its member. Our study reveals that Occupation, perceived health status, wealth status played significant role with health service utilization among uninsured group while it was not significant among insured group. Among both insured and uninsured group none of the study variables were found significant with out-of-pocket health expenditure.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers on Prevention and Control of Intestinal Parasitic Infestations in Sekota Town, Waghimra Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Abate Biruk Beletew , Zemariam Alemu Birara , Kassie Ayelign Mengesha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasites are a major public health problem in several developing countries. It accounts for 1.5 billion infections with one or more intestinal parasitic agents. The prevalence of helminthiases in Ethiopia was 29.8%. Specially, young children have a high infestation rate and suffer from a substantial burden of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Schistosomes.Therefore, this study was intended to assess mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infestations among their pre-school children in Sekota town, Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was designed to be conducted on 384 mothers using simple random sampling method. But the data were collected from 378 mother-child pairs which gave a response rate of 98.4% using an interview-based questionnaire in the urban villages, Sekota town. The findings were presented in percentage, frequency and tables. In order to assure the quality of data, in all of the data collection, data analysis, and write up, a standard operational procedure was followed. Results: The overall level of good maternal knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice in preventing and controlling intestinal parasitic infection with a considering of their pre-school children was 45.2%, 55.3%, and 51.1% respectively. Seventy-seven (20.4%) respondents reported that they knew Ascaris lumbricoides, 62 (16.4%) participants wash vegetables as a means of intestinal prevention, and 252 (66.7%) of participants stated that their children had at least one history of stool examination.Conclusions: The overall level of optimum knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers on prevention and control of intestinal parasites is low. In particular, the level of optimal knowledge is significantly low. Therefore, community awareness about intestinal parasitic infestations prevention and control should be created through campaign or well-designed training and health education.Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Parasites, Infestation, Mothers, Children, Sekota, Ethiopia
Germline whole exome sequencing of a family with appendiceal mucinous tumours presenting with pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Lung Mei Sim , Mitchell Catherine A. , Doyle Maria A. , Lynch Andrew C. , Gorringe Kylie L. , Bowtell David D.L. , Campbell Ian G. , Trainer Alison H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Familial cases of appendiceal mucinous tumours (AMTs) are extremely rare and the underlying genetic aetiology uncertain. We identified potential predisposing germline genetic variants in a father and daughter with AMTs presenting with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) and correlated these with regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the tumours. Methods Through germline whole exome sequencing, we identified novel heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) (i.e. nonsense, frameshift and essential splice site mutations) and missense variants shared between father and daughter, and validated all LoF variants, and missense variants with a Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) scaled score of ≥10. Genome-wide copy number analysis was performed on tumour tissue from both individuals to identify regions of LOH. Results Fifteen novel variants in 15 genes were shared by the father and daughter, including a nonsense mutation in REEP5. None of these germline variants were located in tumour regions of LOH shared by the father and daughter. Four genes ( EXOG , RANBP2, RANBP6 and TNFRSF1B ) harboured missense variants that fell in a region of LOH in the tumour from the father only, but none showed somatic loss of the wild type allele in the tumour. The REEP5 gene was sequenced in 23 individuals with presumed sporadic AMTs or PMP; no LoF or rare missense germline variants were identified. Conclusion Germline exome sequencing of a father and daughter with AMTs identified novel candidate predisposing genes. Further studies are required to clarify the role of these genes in familial AMTs.
Cytological evidence of BSD2 functioning in both chloroplast division and dimorphic chloroplast formation in maize leaves
Authors: Li Heying , Bai Mei , Jiang Xingshan , Shen Rongxin , Wang Huina , Wang Haiyang , Wu Hong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Maize bsd2 ( bundle sheath defective2 ) is a classical C 4 mutant with defective C 4 photosynthesis, accompanied with reduced accumulation of Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) and aberrant mature chloroplast morphology in the bundle sheath (BS) cells. However, as a hypothetical chloroplast chaperone, the effects of BSD2 on C 4 chloroplast development have not been fully examined yet, which precludes a full appreciation of BSD2 function in C 4 photosynthesis. The aims of our study are to find out the role of BSD2 in regulating chloroplasts development in maize leaves, and to add new insights into our understanding of C 4 biology.
Results: We found that at the chloroplast maturation stage, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in the BS and mesophyll (M) cellsbecame significantly looser, and the granaof chloroplasts in the M cells became thinner stacking in the bsd2 mutant when compared with the wildtype plant. Moreover, at the early chloroplast development stage, the number of dividing chloroplasts and the chloroplast division rate are both reduced in the bsd2 mutant, compared with wild type. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of both thylakoid formation-related genesand chloroplast division-related genes is significantly reduced in the bsd2 mutants. Further, we showed that BSD2 interacts physically with the large submit of Rubisco (LS) in Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation assay.

Conclusions: Our combined results suggest that BSD2 plays an essential role in regulating the division and differentiation of the dimorphic BS and M chloroplasts, and that it acts at a post-transcriptional level to regulate LS stability or assembly of Rubisco.