bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Horizontal Oscillating Heat Pipes With Micro-/Nanostructured Surface
Authors: Hao Tingting , Yu Huiwen , Ma Xuehu , Lan Zhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
For oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) with low turn number (&lt;9) positioned in the horizontal direction, the working fluid could not easily flow back to the evaporator due to the absence of gravity. Based on this, copper OHP with superhydrophilic micro-/nanostructured surface was investigated to enhance the heat transfer performance by introducing additional capillary force. OHPs with six turns were fabricated with bare copper and micro-/nanostructured inner surfaces for comparison. Pure water was used as the working fluid. Contact angles of water on the copper and superhydrophilic surfaces were 36.7 and 0 deg, respectively. The filling ratios of water were 50%, 65%, and 80%, respectively. Thermal resistance and liquid slug oscillations of OHPs were investigated at the heat input ranging from 100 to 380 W. Experimental results showed that OHPs with the superhydrophilic micro-/nanostructured surface showed an enhanced heat transfer performance due to the micro-/nanostructure-induced capillary flow in the horizontal direction. The optimum filling ratio was 65% in this work. The superhydrophilic micro-/nanostructured surface could significantly facilitate the backflow of the working fluid to the evaporator section and accelerate oscillating motions of liquid slugs. With the increasing of 0–70% in slug oscillating amplitude and 0–100% in slug oscillating velocity, micro-/nanostructured OHPs improved the heat transfer performance by up to 10% compared with the copper OHPs due to the wicking effect.
Erosion Wear on Runner of Francis Turbine in Jhimruk Hydroelectric Center
Authors: Qian Zhongdong , Zhao Zilong , Guo Zhiwei , Thapa Biraj Singh , Thapa Bhola 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Erosion wear is a major problem for hydraulic turbines operating on rivers from the Himalaya Mountains. The runner is the most important energy conversion component but it suffers heavy damage due to direct contact with the sediment-laden water. In this research, the runner's physical erosion wear mechanism is revealed using numerical simulations and the results are compared with damaged runners from Francis turbines in the Jhimruk Hydroelectric Center (JHC). Simulations show that high erosive wear occurs near the blade outlet on the suction side, which is consistent with site observations. Because of the high relative velocity at the runner outlet, the high accretion rate appears to be directly responsible for the heavy erosion rate. The adjustment of the guide vanes is the main action available in real situation to change the operation condition of turbine and flow separation can easily occur under off-design conditions, causing interblade vortex production. The vortex guides particles to one location where they gather, producing high accretion rates and aggravating erosion wear. This implies that the interblade vortex is the main factor that induces severe erosive wear at the blade outlet. When the angle of the guide vanes is adjusted to provide the highest efficiency, the erosion rate can be greatly reduced.
Clustering of Domain-Specific Sedentary Behaviors and Their Association With Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Mitsutake Seigo , Shibata Ai , Ishii Kaori , Amagasa Shiho , Kikuchi Hiroyuki , Fukushima Noritoshi , Inoue Shigeru , Oka Koichiro 
Published: May 2020

Background: The present study examined the cluster of domain-specific sedentary behaviors (SBs) and their associations with physical function among community-dwelling older adults to identify the target groups that require intervention for SBs. Methods: A total of 314 older adults who participated in a population-based cross-sectional survey and an on-site functional assessment in Matsudo City in Chiba participated in this study. Participants were asked to report the daily average of 6 domain-specific SBs. To identify the cluster of domain-specific SBs, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Ward method. Analysis of covariance adjusted for sociodemographic factors, exercise habit, chronic disease, and total SB time was performed to examine the associations between each cluster and physical functional status. Results: The average age of the participants was 74.5 (5.2) years. The 4 clusters identified were leisure cluster, low cluster, work and personal computer use cluster, and television viewing cluster. The analysis of covariance adjusted for covariates showed that grip strength (P = .01), maximum walking speed (P = .03), and 1-leg standing time (P = .03) were significantly poorer in the television viewing cluster than other clusters. Conclusions: It has been concluded that the television viewing group identified as a high-risk group of physical functional decline; therefore, interventions targeting this group are needed to prevent physical functional decline.
Rapid cooling of the Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa): Insights from biotite 40Ar/39Ar geochronology
Authors: Setera Jacob B. , VanTongeren Jill A. , Turrin Brent D. , Swisher Carl C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Despite their importance to understanding magma chamber processes and the formation of economically viable precious metal deposits, the cooling histories of layered mafic intrusions remain enigmatic due to limited geochronologic constraints. We provide a comprehensive 40Ar/39Ar study of biotite throughout the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Analyses of individual biotite grains from 10 samples, encompassing ∼5.5 km of RLS stratigraphy, yielded weighted mean plateau ages that all overlap at 2σ (α-95% confidence level) and range from 2056.3 ± 3.2 Ma to 2052.0 ± 7.6 Ma (2σ). A weighted mean of all biotite plateau ages yielded an age of 2054.47 ± 0.84 Ma (2σ, n = 30, mean square of weighted deviates = 0.23, P = 1.00; ±21 Ma fully propagated). The overlap between our 40Ar/39Ar biotite and published U-Pb zircon ages suggests that the RLS cooled rapidly to the closure temperature of biotite, with cooling rates on the order of 1000 °C m.y.–1 throughout the stratigraphy. Thermal modeling requires enhanced heat loss, due to the hydrothermal system associated with the emplacement of the RLS, to produce the inferred rapid cooling rates. Previously reported young 40Ar/39Ar biotite ages from the UG-2 and MG-1 chromitite seams and the Merensky Reef are likely a product of localized late-stage circulation of hydrothermal fluids. The lack of similarly young 40Ar/39Ar biotite ages from the remainder of the stratigraphy suggests that late-stage hydrothermal events were potentially localized to chromitites and the Merensky Reef.
Uplift and exhumation in Haida Gwaii driven by terrane translation and transpression along the southern Queen Charlotte fault, Canada
Authors: Schoettle-Greene Philip , Duvall Alison R. , Blythe Ann , Morley Eric , Matthews William , LaHusen Sean R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mountainous archipelago of Haida Gwaii abuts the transpressive Pacific–North American plate margin north of the Cascadia subduction zone (northwestern North America). Topography on Haida Gwaii has been attributed to either dynamic uplift supported by subduction initiation or crustal shortening driven by shear adjacent the plate-bounding Queen Charlotte fault. In order to resolve how intraplate strain is accommodated, we obtained thermochronometry data from 20 bedrock samples on Haida Gwaii, including zircon (U-Th)/He, apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He, and apatite fission-track dates. With dates ranging from 5 to 60 Ma, we interpret exhumation rates increasing in proximity to the Queen Charlotte fault and leading to a maximum of 6 km of exhumation since 20 Ma. The onset of exhumation significantly predates the purported initiation of subduction, precluding a direct relationship between subduction initiation and the development of topography in the archipelago. Instead, exhumation onset correlates with passage of the Yakutat terrane, suggesting that North America was deformed and Haida Gwaii uplifted during terrane translation. Steady or slightly decreasing exhumation rate since the Miocene is at odds with estimated increases to intraplate convergence over this time, ruling out crustal shortening in Haida Gwaii as the only response to transpression between North America and the Pacific. From this, we conclude that plate convergence is accommodated through basin inversion and internal shortening in the North American and Pacific plates as well as potential underthrusting of the Pacific plate beneath North America.
Effects of yoga on depressive symptoms in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brinsley Jacinta , Schuch Felipe , Lederman Oscar , Girard Danielle , Smout Matthew , Immink Maarten A , Stubbs Brendon , Firth Joseph , Davison Kade , Rosenbaum Simon 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo assess whether physically active yoga is superior to waitlist control, treatment as usual and attention control in alleviating depressive symptoms in people with a diagnosed mental disorder recognised by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Data sourcesData were obtained from online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, EMCARE, PEDro). The search and collection of eligible studies was conducted up to 14 May 2019 (PROSPERO registration No CRD42018090441).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included randomised controlled trials with a yoga intervention comprising ≥50% physical activity in adults with a recognised diagnosed mental disorder according to DSM-3, 4 or 5.Results19 studies were included in the review (1080 participants) and 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis (632 participants). Disorders of depression, post-traumatic stress, schizophrenia, anxiety, alcohol dependence and bipolar were included. Yoga showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms than waitlist, treatment as usual and attention control (standardised mean difference=0.41; 95% CI −0.65 to −0.17; p<0.001). Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with higher frequency of yoga sessions per week (β=−0.44, p<0.01).
Association of dairy consumption with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes in 147 812 individuals from 21 countries
Authors: Bhavadharini Balaji , Dehghan Mahshid , Mente Andrew , Rangarajan Sumathy , Sheridan Patrick , Mohan Viswanathan , Iqbal Romaina , Gupta Rajeev , Lear Scott , Wentzel-Viljoen Edelweiss , Avezum Alvaro , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Mony Prem , Varma Ravi Prasad , Kumar Rajesh , Chifamba Jephat , Alhabib Khalid F , Mohammadifard Noushin , Oguz Aytekin , Lanas Fernando , Rozanska Dorota , Bengtsson Bostrom Kristina , Yusoff Khalid , Tsolkile Lungiswa P , Dans Antonio , Yusufali Afzalhussein , Orlandini Andres , Poirier Paul , Khatib Rasha , Hu Bo , Wei Li , Yin Lu , Deeraili Ai , Yeates Karen , Yusuf Rita , Ismail Noorhassim , Mozaffarian Dariush , Teo Koon , Anand Sonia S , Yusuf Salim 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveOur aims were to assess the association of dairy intake with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (cross-sectionally) and with incident hypertension and incident diabetes (prospectively) in a large multinational cohort study.MethodsThe Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a prospective epidemiological study of individuals aged 35 and 70 years from 21 countries on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. In thecross-sectional analyses, we assessed the association of dairy intake with prevalent MetS and its components among individuals with information on the five MetS components (n=112 922). Forthe prospective analyses, we examined the association of dairy with incident hypertension (in 57 547 individuals free of hypertension) and diabetes (in 131 481 individuals free of diabetes).ResultsIn cross-sectional analysis, higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day compared with zero intake; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.80, p-trend<0.0001) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS after multivariable adjustment. Higher intakes of whole fat dairy consumed alone (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.78, p-trend<0.0001), or consumed jointly with low fat dairy (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.98, p-trend=0.0005), were associated with a lower MetS prevalence. Low fat dairy consumed alone was not associated with MetS (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.38, p-trend=0.13). In prospective analysis, 13 640 people with incident hypertension and 5351 people with incident diabetes were recorded. Higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day vs zero serving/day) was associated with a lower incidence of hypertension (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97, p-trend=0.02) and diabetes (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.02, p-trend=0.01). Directionally similar associations were found for whole fat dairy versus each outcome.ConclusionsHigher intake of whole fat (but not low fat) dairy was associated with alower prevalenceof MetS and most of its component factors, and with alower incidenceof hypertension and diabetes. Our findings should be evaluated in large randomized trials of the effects of whole fat dairy on the risks of MetS, hypertension, and diabetes.
Developing a typology of the roles public contributors undertake to establish legitimacy: a longitudinal case study of patient and public involvement in a health network
Authors: Barker Jacqueline , Moule Pam , Evans David , Phillips Wendy , Leggett Nick 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo identify how public contributors established their legitimacy in the functioning of a patient and public involvement programme at a health network.DesignA longitudinal case study with three embedded units (projects) involving public contributors. Interviews (n=24), observations (n=27) and documentary data collection occurred over 16 months.SettingThe West of England Academic Health Science Network (WEAHSN), 1 of 15 regional AHSNs in England.ParticipantsInterviews were conducted with public contributors (n=5) and professionals (n=19) who were staff from the WEAHSN, its member organisations and its partners.ResultsPublic contributors established their legitimacy by using nine distinct roles: (1) lived experience, as a patient or carer; (2) occupational knowledge, offering job-related expertise; (3) occupational skills, offering aptitude developed through employment; (4) patient advocate, promoting the interests of patients; (5) keeper of the public purse, encouraging wise spending; (6) intuitive public, piloting materials suitable for the general public; (7) fresh-eyed reviewer, critiquing materials; (8) critical friend, critiquing progress and proposing new initiatives and (9) boundary spanner, urging professionals to work across organisations. Individual public contributors occupied many, but not all, of the roles.ConclusionsLived experience is only one of nine distinct public contributor roles. The WEAHSN provided a benign context for the study because in a health network public contributors are one of many parties seeking to establish legitimacy through finding valuable roles. The nine roles can be organised into a typology according to whether the basis for legitimacy lies in: the public contributor’s knowledge, skills and experience; citizenship through the aspiration to achieve a broad public good; or being an outsider. The typology shows how public contributors can be involved in work where lived experience appears to lack relevance: strategic decision making; research unconnected to particular conditions; or acute service delivery.
Changes in performance during repeated in-situ simulations with different
cases
Authors: Berg Helen , Båtnes Ronald , Steinsbekk Aslak 
Published: May 2020

Introduction
The aim was to describe changes in the performance of clinical actions,
during repeated in-situ simulations with different cases, by teams of
healthcare professionals with different experiences of the systematic clinical
observation of deteriorating patients, after an introduction to the Airways,
Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Environment/Exposure (ABCDE)
approach.

Methods
A descriptive observational study was conducted of repeated in-situ
simulations using a patient simulator (SimMan 3G), carried out by teams in a
public nursing home (NH, least experienced), an out-of-hours general practice
(OOH-GP) service and a hospital emergency department (ED, most experienced).
The cases had similar clinical presentations but different underlying diagnoses
unknown to the teams. Four blinded clinical experts independently assessed the
simulations on the basis of transcripts, providing comments, an overall score
and scores for the clinical actions.

Results
The assessors commented on the overall lack of a systematic ABCDE approach
in the NH and OOH-GP in all simulations, while the comments for the ED
concerned the choice of treatment. Across the teams, the overall score was
highest in the first simulation and second highest in the third simulation. The
team in the NH received low overall scores for all simulations, but the last
simulation received markedly better scores on the clinical actions. The teams
in the OOH-GP and ED had no such clear pattern in the scores for clinical
actions and thus no indications of improvement with repeated
simulations.

Conclusion
The observation in this study was that the overall assessment by the
blinded assessors showed no consistent improvement in clinical actions from
repeated in-situ simulations, and the teams did not seem to adhere to the ABCDE
approach throughout the simulations. This indicates that the teams were not
able to apply their newly acquired experiences of using the ABCDE approach from
one case to another, different case.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorders are associated with HLA subtypes in a Chinese paediatric-onset cohort
Authors: Sun Xiaobo , Qiu Wei , Wang Jingqi , Wang Shisi , Wang Yuge , Zhong Xiaonan , Liu Chunxin , Cui Chunping , Hong Hai , Yang Hui , Li Xiao-Jing , Lu Zhengqi , Hu Xueqiang , Kermode Allan G , Peng Lisheng 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorders (MOGADs) are a rare new neurological autoimmune disease with unclear pathogenesis. Since a linkage of the disease to the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) has not been shown, we here investigated whether MOGAD is associated with the HLA locus.MethodsHLA genotypes of 95 patients with MOGADs, assessed between 2016 and 2018 from three academic centres, were compared with 481 healthy Chinese Han individuals. Patients with MOGADs included 51 paediatric-onset and 44 adult-onset cases. All patients were seropositive for IgG targeting the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG).ResultsPaediatric-onset MOGAD was associated with theDQB1*05:02–DRB1*16:02alleles (OR=2.43; OR=3.28) or haplotype (OR=2.84) ofHLAclass II genes. The prevalence of these genotypes in patients with paediatric-onset MOGAD was significantly higher than healthy controls (padj=0.0154; padj=0.0221; padj=0.0331). By contrast, adult-onset MOGAD was not associated with any HLA genotype. Clinically, patients with theDQB1*05:02–DRB1*16:02haplotype exhibited significantly higher expanded disability status scale scores at onset (p=0.004) and were more likely to undergo a disease relapse (p=0.030). HLA–peptide binding prediction algorithms and computational docking analysis provided supporting evidence for the close relationship between the MOG peptide subunit andDQB1*05:02allele. In vitro results indicated that site-specific mutations of the predicted target sequence reduced the antigen–antibody binding, especially in the paediatric-onset group withDQB1*05:02allele.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a possible association between specificHLAclass II alleles and paediatric-onset MOGAD, providing evidence for the conjecture that different aetiology and pathogenesis likely underlie paediatric-onset and adult-onset cases of MOGAD.
Incidental COVID-19 related lung apical findings on stroke CTA during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kihira Shingo , Schefflein Javin , Chung Michael , Mahmoudi Keon , Rigney Brian , Delman Bradley N , Mocco J , Doshi Amish , Belani Puneet 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAuthors have noticed an increase in lung apex abnormalities on CT angiography (CTA) of the head and neck performed for stroke workup during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of these CTA findings and their relation to COVID-19 infection.MethodsIn this retrospective multicenter institutional review board-approved study, assessment was made of CTA findings of code patients who had a stroke between March 16 and April 5, 2020 at six hospitals across New York City. Demographic data, comorbidities, COVID-19 status, and neurological findings were collected. Assessment of COVID-19 related lung findings on CTA was made blinded to COVID-19 status. Incidence rates of COVID-19 related apical findings were assessed in all code patients who had a stroke and in patients with a stroke confirmed by imaging.ResultsThe cohort consisted of a total of 118 patients with mean±SD age of 64.9±15.7 years and 57.6% (68/118) were male. Among all code patients who had a stroke, 28% (33/118) had COVID-19 related lung findings. RT-PCR was positive for COVID-19 in 93.9% (31/33) of these patients with apical CTA findings.Among patients who had a stroke confirmed by imaging, 37.5% (18/48) had COVID-19 related apical findings. RT-PCR was positive for COVID-19 in all (18/18) of these patients with apical findings.ConclusionThe incidence of COVID-19 related lung findings in stroke CTA scans was 28% in all code patients who had a stroke and 37.5% in patients with a stroke confirmed by imaging. Stroke teams should closely assess the lung apices during this COVID-19 pandemic as CTA findings may be the first indicator of COVID-19 infection.
Conformal and kinetic couplings as two Jordan frames of the same theory
Authors: Gal’tsov D. V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCertain scalar-tensor (ST) theories with non-minimal coupling of the scalar field to curvature may admit an Einstein frame representation, where gravity is described by the Einstein–Hilbert action plus the scalar sector. Between them, some theories exactly coincide in their respective Einstein frames. If transformations between Jordan and Einstein frames are invertible, these theories can be associated with two Jordan frames of the unique theory. Such successive dualities can connect theories with non-derivative coupling, like $$R\phi ^2$$Rϕ2, with derivatively coupled theories, like Horndeski and DHOST. In absence of matter, these are equivalent, though looking very different. We show the existence of a successive duality between the $$R\phi ^2$$Rϕ2 theory and a recently found Palatini kinetically coupled theory, which both look in their Einstein frames as Einstein theory minimally coupled to scalar. Transforming singular exact solutions of the latter to Jordan frames, we compare desingularization properties of the above two theories which both violate the null energy condition. It is found that kinetically coupled theory has stronger desingularization features, exhibiting possibility of Genesis-type behavior of the homogeneous and isotropic cosmological solutions.
Lagrangian formulation of Omori’s law and analogy with the cosmic Big Rip
Authors: Faraoni Valerio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA recent model predicting Omori’s law giving the number of aftershocks per unit time following an earthquake involves a differential equation analogous to the Friedmann equation of cosmology. The beforeshock phase is analogous to an accelerating universe approaching a Big Rip, the main shock to the Big Rip singularity, and the aftershock to a contracting universe. The analogy provides some physical intuition and Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations for Omori’s law and its generalizations.