bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of 4-Stroke S.I. Engine to a Compressed Air Engine for a Light Utility Vehicle
Authors: Yadav Vishal , Pujari Prashant Chandra , Kumar Naveen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper presents experimental investigation of a 100-cc four-stroke air-cooled SI engine modified to be driven by compressed air. The engine was modified from a conventional four-stroke to a two-stroke engine by designing a new cam system driven by the crankshaft. Variations in pressure were noted and the engine was tested at different engine speeds and inlet pressure for analyzing several performance parameters such as torque, efficiency and power output. This technology has a long way to go, but for light utility vehicles it can be the game changer. It can trim down our current demand for fossil fuels to some extent and alleviate the problem of global fuel crisis. The major intent of this study is to explore the compressed air engine technology and its viability as a transportation option by enhancing various performance parameters.
Thermal Cracking of Karanja de-oiled seed cake on Pyrolysis Reactor for producing Bio-oil with focus on its application in diesel Engine
Authors: Singh Chandra Shekhar , Kumar Naveen , Gautam Raghvendra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A thermal cracking experiment was conducted on Karanja seed (de-oiled) cake at to determine its potential to be an automotive fuel. Experiment was conducted on a fluidised bed type Pyrolysis reactor. The production parameter such as particle size of de-oiled seed and temperature on the oil yield were studied. Fluidization was achieved with the help of Nitrogen gas that is why Nitrogen gas flow rate was also considered as production parameter. For the study purpose a particular particle size range were used. Similarly the Temperature and Flow rate of Nitrogen range were selected from the initial run data of experiment. After investigating the test data the optimized parameter were found for 65.56 wt % of bio oil. The temperature was 500°C and the particle size was in the range of 0.50-0.99 mm at sweep gas flow rate about 8 LPM for the optimized condition. The pyrolysis oil obtained after condensation can be used as fuel. And by some up-gradation technique like trans-esterification process, bio oil can be made suitable for the today’s engine technology. Non condensable gases were consisting of Hydrogen, Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen and Nitrogen as major fractions.
Effect of Process Parameters on Hardness of AA-6063 In-Situ Microwave Casting by Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Gangwar Vaibhav , Kumar Sudhir , Singh Vikram , Singh Hari 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In-situ microwave casting is one of the recently developed advanced metal casting techniques in which the bulk metal and mould assembly are exposed to microwave radiations at 2.45 GHz. In in-situ microwave casting, the exposure and self-pouring is done inside the microwave. The cast quality that has been casted through the microwave casting process is directly dependent on the process parameters that are selected during the process. This paper explores the effect of process parameters on hardness of AA-6063 by using microwave hybrid heating technique. Apply Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to conduct the experimentations. Here consider three process parameters: solidification environment, susceptor material and microwave power.
A review on cold flow properties of biodiesel and their improvement
Authors: Yadav Khushbu , Kumar Naveen , Chaudhary Rajiv 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The depletion of petroleum derivatives and expanded contamination caused by the consuming of fossil fuel is a driving component to consider the renewable source. Biodiesel is considered as most promising fuel to use in diesel engines. Biodiesel obtains from animal fats, Straight vegetable oils and waste by transesterification and esterification process. The properties of biodiesel oil meet the requirement of fuels and it can build a huge positive impact on pollution and make the fuel eco-friendly. Biodiesel with its points of interest undergoes a notable downside in the low-temperature properties. Due to inferior low-temperature properties of biodiesel, fuel crystallization and gum formation occur at low-temperature which leads to stopping of channels and tubes. It indicated higher pour point and cloud point, higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) which cuts down engine speed and power, injector coking. The present study review is done on low-temperature properties and Impact of different actions taken to improve these properties.
A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/biodiesel/alcohols and their blends
Authors: Mishra Dushyant , Kumar Naveen , Chaudhary Rajiv 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the current scenario as governments are facing the issue of environmental depletion. The main cause of this depletion is emission by the transport sector. The heavy-duty vehicles mainly depend on diesel (a hydrocarbon fuel). This review paper shares information regarding the alternative sources of diesel for a compression ignition engine. For reduction in emission content researchers made great efforts but proportionally the number of vehicles continuously increases. In this field the binary and ternary fuel are gratefully used in such engine. The alcohols family help to make such blends where considerably results being achieved. The binary fuels have its own impacts on environment during the combustion inside the engine. It found that the less number of works done in field of quaternary blends. Some special features being required to accept such blends. These factors include viscosity, lubricity, and stability and material compatibility. Further work is required in acceptable blended fuel characteristics to ensure the long term effects on engine workability.
A Review on the selection of the variant Water in Concreting
Authors: Gupta Nakul , Shukla Ashish , Gupta Ankur , Goel Rajesh , Singh Vikram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccording to the global agencies of world health organization, world metrological organization and UNICEF, the utilization of fresh water goes on enlarging from twenty century due to overpopulation and frequent implementation of safe accessible water in relative fields, diminishing the quantity and quality available which ultimately causes gap between ecology and environment for livable water. In our construction industry, this safe water can be saved to a large extent by just interchanging this water by various water available viz. seawater, waste water, sewage water and waste wash water based on literature data and studies which show normal and insignificant changes in the strength of cement hardened concrete. This literature based study will provide the base for adoption of waste water a as source in the construction field for preparing the formwork and a small donation towards national water saving programs launched by government of India.
Shear resistance of hybrid steel and basalt fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Pal Shilpa , Singh Kartik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study aimed at investigating the mechanical properties and shear resistance of hybrid steel and basalt fiber reinforced M-25 grade of concrete. Crimped steel fibers with chopped basalt fiber have been used with varying (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) percentage volumetric ratio of concrete. The results indicated that crimped steel fiber performs better under compressive loading and chopped basalt fiber performs better under tensile loading. The beams are observed to fail in shear with majority of cracks developed near the support and some cracks were developed in middle third portion of beam with varying fiber dosage. Beam with 0.75S0.25B hybrid fiber performs and found 29% cheaper than the conventional beam with stirrups.
TVCCCS: Television Viewer’s Channel Cost Calculation System On Per Second Usage
Authors: Dixit Ashutosh , Garg Puneet , Sethi Preeti , Singh Yashpal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This invention is very useful the our country as well as society ‘Television viewers channel cost calculation system (TVCCCS)’ monitors users channel watching time in seconds and charged according to channel usage. TVCCCS is specifically defined to give benefit of various broadcasting channels. User will be charged as per their usage on viewing every channel every day per second basis. This has been done with the help of a programming card mounted inside the set top box of the viewers. Which calculates amount of time in seconds of every channel which user views every day and converted to the total amount at last of the month or a day timer is fixed to count amount of time in seconds. This amount is deducted from the main balance which is initial recharge of the user. This will continue till end of main balance. Also this calculated amount will be sent to the Channel Transmission Company and end user through internet or IOT kit or mobile chip placed inside the set top box. Because of which two way communications has been done. Also this whole remaining amount or charged amount summary displayed on the television screen to view in the message folder. So that user will come to know when to recharge for next time. Proposed technology provides one more facility which defines; user can be able to select channels as per user demand or use rather than company channel packages. User can select the channel through their registration id and will be informed to the Channel broadcasting Company, this user data stored in the company’s database. This information next forwarded to broadcasting satellite which will broadcast only selected channels. Proposed system also focuses on activation and de-activation of selected channel. When User views any channel that time that channel will be activated and other channels are de-activated. This is also done with the help of broadcasting Channel Company and satellite. Satellite will broadcast only selected channel at that time to that particular user according to transmission company guide. TVCCCS will be used for the common people to get rid of from unnecessary and extra amount of charges from various channel broadcasting companies.
Production Process Smoothening and Elimination of Bottleneck
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Pooja  , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Efficiency of production line plays an important role in growth of manufacturing industry. We have to utilize our available resources. Manpower utilization and machine efficiency are the main contributing factor in line efficiency. Manpower utilization and machine efficacy measurement method should be accurate. There should be transparency with the higher management for looking for the production data so that they can easily find out fault and take immediate action on that fault for improvement of efficiency. A feedback method also used for checking the accurate solution implementation and ensuring that problem resolved.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrophilic Mixed Matrix Polymeric Membrane
Authors: Dey Subhadeepa , Adhikary Utpal , Mandal Tamal , Halder Gopinath , Sikder Jaya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was modified by functionalized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) andpolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for synthesizing a tailor-made hydrophilic and antifouling membrane via phase inversion technique. The polymer blends were made by doping different compositions of PVDF and PVA in an organic solvent, NMP. The functionalization of PMMA by Hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) was characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Porosity and water content test validated the increase in wettability of the mixed matrix membrane. Further study is being done to analyze morphological characteristics of the membrane.
Study of the Attenuation Force Generated by a Magnetorheological Fluid in Industrial Robot Grippers Shock Absorbers
Authors: Carlos Valencia Salinas Juan , Alejandro Jumbo Auquilla Diego , Singana Marco , Donoso Caterine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe attenuation force generated by the use of magnetorheological fluid (FMR) during the expansion and compression of the shock absorber in robot grippers has been studied. The shock absorber has a stroke of 25 mm and a volume of 4 071.50 mm3in which the FMR made up of ferric micro-particles and nanoparticles is housed; this fluid modifies its rheological properties when exposed to a magnetic field of variable intensity generated by an electromagnet. The intensity of the magnetic field is gradually varied in order to obtain an attenuated and controlled dynamic force in the dissipation of energy. The research includes an analysis of magnetic field generation with the purpose that the particles of the fluid are aligned according to the polarity of the flow lines, thus forming a fibrillary structure chained in a few milliseconds. This magnetic field modifies the viscosity of the fluid, taking it from a low viscosity to a higher density state without altering its chemical composition and shape. The results are reflected in the direct correlation and in the obtaining of data where the saturation of the fluid is given to a maximum intensity of magnetic flux (B) of 0.01 Tesla; and a damping force of 6, 12 Newtons. This concludes that the theoretical and experimental analysis of attenuation in FMR based buffers serve to mitigate impact excitations, in order to provide a buffered velocity of motion.
Identification of Unbalance in Rotating Machinery Using Vibration Analyse Solution
Authors: Vinh Dang Phuoc , Toan Do Le Hung , Thanh Vo Nhu , Nghi Ngo Thanh , Nam Le Hoai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Vibrations in rotating machinery are normally the consequence of mechanical faults such as mass unbalance, manufacturing, mechanical looseness, assembly, installed machines, coupling misalignment, and many other causes. However, unbalance is the most popular reason of machine vibration. An unbalanced rotor always causes more vibration and generates excessive force in the bearing area and reduces the life of the machine. In this paper, experimental studies were performed on a rotor with two mounted disks to identify the unbalance in rotor using order tracking technique based on one key phasor. After calculation of the coefficients of influence α of each experimental test, the matrix of influence coefficient [C] and the global matrix of coefficients [H] can be obtained. Finally, the two suitable masses are identified in order to reduce the unbalance of the rotor systems.
Neuropsychological Test Performance Among Native and Non-Native Swedes: Second Language Effects
Authors: Stålhammar Jacob , Hellström Per , Eckerström Carl , Wallin Anders 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to study second language effects on neuropsychological (NP) test performance.

Method
We administered an NP test battery in Swedish to 322 healthy community dwelling participants, recruited through the Gothenburg Pilot phase of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS Pilot). All participants were conversationally fluent Swedish speakers (237 native, 85 non-native, mean age 61.1 years). We compared the NP scores of native and non-native participants. We also investigated the influence of (a) age of arrival to Sweden, (b) majority language family of the birth country, and (c) proficiency in Swedish as assessed with a 30 item Boston naming test (BNT).

Results
Native speakers obtained better results on all NP tasks with a verbal component, whereas no significant differences were seen on completely nonverbal tasks (Rey complex figure). For non-native speakers, lower age at arrival to Sweden, arrival from a country where Swedish was also spoken, or arrival from a country with a majority language closer to Swedish, were all linked to better NP scores. Dichotomizing by BNT showed that normally-to-highly proficient non-native speakers obtained better scores.

Conclusions
Second language effects may contribute to misclassification of non-native speakers. Assumptions of fluency based on short conversations may be misleading. A proficiency assessment with BNT may improve NP score interpretation among non-native speakers.
Tranexamic Acid in Aesthetic Facial Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Evidence, Applications, and Outcomes
Authors: Locketz Garrett D , Lozada Kirkland N , Bloom Jason D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic that has become widely used in aesthetic facial plastic surgery, although its efficacy has not been well investigated.

Objectives
To evaluate the existing evidence for use of TXA in aesthetic facial plastic surgery, highlighting routes of administration, dosing, surgical applications, and clinical outcomes.

Methods
Systematic review of primary literature evaluating TXA in aesthetic facial plastic surgery.

Results
Eleven studies met inclusion criteria: 8 prospective randomized controlled trials, 2 retrospective case series/cohort studies, and 1 clinical opinion. Six studies evaluated TXA in rhinoplasty, 4 in rhytidectomy, and 1 in blepharoplasty. Significant reductions in intraoperative blood loss were found in 5 rhinoplasty studies. Three rhinoplasty and 2 rhytidectomy studies found significantly reduced postoperative edema and ecchymosis. One rhinoplasty and 1 rhytidectomy study reported reduced operative time and time to achieve hemostasis. One rhytidectomy study reported reduced postoperative drain output and faster time to drain removal. No studies reported an adverse outcome directly related to TXA.

Conclusions
Existing literature investigating TXA in aesthetic facial plastic surgery is sparse with varying levels of evidence and heterogeneous data. Literature suggests systemic TXA reduces intraoperative blood loss during rhinoplasty, although the clinical significance of this blood loss reduction is unclear. TXA may also reduce postoperative edema and/or ecchymosis in rhytidectomy and rhinoplasty, although the lack of validated grading scales yields insufficient evidence to support this claim. Topical and subcutaneously injected TXA are emerging administration routes in rhytidectomy, with evidence suggesting TXA mixed with tumescent may reduce postoperative drain output, thereby expediting drain removal.

Level of Evidence: 2
How Well Does TSTin3D Predict Risk of Active Tuberculosis in the Canadian Immigrant Population? An External Validation Study
Authors: Puyat Joseph H , Shulha Hennady P , Balshaw Robert , Campbell Jonathon R , Law Stephanie , Menzies Richard , Johnston James C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The online Tuberculin Skin Test/Interferon Gamma Release Assay (TST/IGRA) Interpreter V3.0 (TSTin3D), a tool for estimating the risk of active tuberculosis (TB) in individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI), has been in use for more than a decade, but its predictive performance has never been evaluated.

Methods
People with a positive TST or IGRA result from 1985 to 2015 were identified using a health data linkage that involved migrants to British Columbia, Canada. Comorbid conditions at the time of LTBI testing were identified from physician claims, hospitalizations, vital statistics, outpatient prescriptions, and kidney and HIV databases. The risk of developing active TB within 2 and 5 years was estimated using TSTin3D. The discrimination and calibration of these estimates were evaluated.

Results
A total of 37 163 individuals met study inclusion criteria; 10.4% were tested by IGRA. Generally, the TSTin3D algorithm assigned higher risks to demographic and clinical groups known to have higher active TB risks. Concordance estimates ranged from 0.66 to 0.68 in 2- and 5-year time frames. Comparing predicted to observed counts suggests that TSTin3D overestimates active TB risks and that overestimation increases over time (with relative bias of 3% and 12% in 2- and 5-year periods, respectively). Calibration plots also suggest that overestimation increases toward the upper end of the risk spectrum.

Conclusions
TSTin3D can discriminate adequately between people who developed and did not develop active TB in this linked database of migrants with predominately positive skin tests. Further work is needed to improve TSTin3D’s calibration.
Tony Lawson and the history of economic thought
Authors: Lourenço Diogo , Graça Moura Mário 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTony Lawson’s writings, including those in the history of economics, have an ontological orientation. Several scholars influenced by him likewise practice an ontologically oriented history of economic thought. However, the programme for this sort of history has not been explicitly articulated. In the present paper, we argue that Lawson’s The nature of heterodox economics contains implicitly an ontologically oriented programme in the history of economic thought. We also illustrate the achievements of this programme by reviewing the writings on the later Austrians by Lawson and his associates. Finally, we assess the programme and its achievements in the light of Lawson’s comments on the importance of doing social-scientific ontology and doing history of economic thought.
Epigenetic biomarkers and preterm birth
Authors: Park Bongsoo , Khanam Rasheda , Vinayachandran Vinesh , Baqui Abdullah H , London Stephanie J , Biswal Shyam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreterm birth (PTB) is a major public health challenge, and novel, sensitive approaches to predict PTB are still evolving. Epigenomic markers are being explored as biomarkers of PTB because of their molecular stability compared to gene expression. This approach is also relatively new compared to gene-based diagnostics, which relies on mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms. The fundamental principle of epigenome diagnostics is that epigenetic reprogramming in the target tissue (e.g. placental tissue) might be captured by more accessible surrogate tissue (e.g. blood) using biochemical epigenome assays on circulating DNA that incorporate methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and/or chromatin accessibility. Epigenomic-based biomarkers may hold great potential for early identification of the majority of PTBs that are not associated with genetic variants or mutations. In this review, we discuss recent advances made in the development of epigenome assays focusing on its potential exploration for association and prediction of PTB. We also summarize population-level cohort studies conducted in the USA and globally that provide opportunities for genetic and epigenetic marker development for PTB. In addition, we summarize publicly available epigenome resources and published PTB studies. We particularly focus on ongoing genome-wide DNA methylation and epigenome-wide association studies. Finally, we review the limitations of current research, the importance of establishing a comprehensive biobank, and possible directions for future studies in identifying effective epigenome biomarkers to enhance health outcomes for pregnant women at risk of PTB and their infants.