bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait Kinematics of Patients with Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries of Ankle
Authors: Zheng Bin , Liu Xin , Zhang Dezheng , Guo Qinwei , Zhang Zhongshi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries of ankle are a common problem in sports medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the walking kinematics in patients with LCL injuries of ankle for examining how ankle ligament injuries affect foot and ankle motion. The results will serve in precision assessment and computer-aided diagnosis. Methods Kinematics of walking were assessed by the Heidelberg Foot Measurement Model (HFMM) in 6 adults (3 patients, 3 control subjects). We hypothesized that patients with ligament injury will: present a shorter stance phase, but longer swing phase; be observed with an increasing number of shank and foot adjustments during the stance phase; reduce velocity of foot during the early swing phase with an increasing variation. Velocity profiles and micro-adjustment of knee, ankle, and foot were calculated during different gait phases and compared between two different subject groups by independent-sample t-test with 95% confidence intervals and standard error of measurements. Results In the gait cycle, 1 st rocker phase was 2.09% shorter (p < 0.001) and 2 nd rocker phase was 1.54% longer (p = 0.009) in patients than in controls. Compared to control subjects, the patients showed 89.1 mm shorter stride length (p<0.001), 0.10s slower stride (p<0.001) and 1.57 more complex micro-adjustments in 2 nd rocker phase than in other rocker/swing phases during natural walking (p=0.017). The mean velocity of knee (6.05 mm/10 -2 s vs. 4.74 mm/10 -2 s), ankle (0.85 mm/10 -2 s vs. 0.52 mm/10 -2 s), midfoot (0.79 mm/10 -2 s vs. 0.48 mm/10 -2 s) and forefoot (1.72 mm/10 -2 s vs. 0.97 mm/10 -2 s) in 2 nd rocker was significantly higher in patients (p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings revealed the human motion compensatory mechanism. Patients with ligament injuries need more musculoskeletal adjustments to keeping body balance than control subjects. Precise descriptions of the kinematics are crucial for clinical assessment before and after surgical management. These results will also provide a foundation for computer-aided diagnosis in the future. Key Terms ankle ligaments, gait analysis, Heidelberg Foot Measurement Model, foot and ankle kinematics, phase/rocker, physical therapy/rehabilitation.
Predicting Gleason score upgrade from biopsy pathology to radical prostatectomy specimens: a new nomogram and internal validation
Authors: Tian Ye , Wang Xiaochuan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Fengbo , Ji Zhengguo , Yang Peiqian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate the discrepancy of Gleason score (GS) between biopsy pathology and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens and to determine the predictors followed by constructing a nomogram for Gleason sum upgrade (GSU). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively maintained prostate cancer (PCa) database. 166 patients who underwent RP following biopsy from October 2012 to September 2019 were enrolled after selection. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were sequentially performed to determine the independent predictors. Nomogram was constructed based on independent predictors and receiver operating curve was undertaken to estimate the discrimination. Calibration curve was carried out to assess the concordance between predictive probabilities and true risks. Results: GS concordance rate was 40.4%, whilst GSU was 43.4%. There exists no statistical significance in distribution between global GS and highest GS. The independent predictors are PSA (prostate specific antigen), GPC (greatest percentage of cancer), clinical T-stage and PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System) score in the multivariate model. Our model showed good discrimination performance (area under the curve, 0.714). Our developed nomogram was validated internally with good calibration. The model underestimated the risk at the probability range 52-68% and below 28%. The overestimate risk was at the range 29-51% and above 69%. Conclusions: Utilization of basic clinical variables (PSA and T-stage) combined with imaging variable (PI-RADS score) and pathological variable (GPC) increases the predictive accuracy of GSU nomogram improves performance in predicting actual probabilities. From a clinical standpoint, our new nomogram may provide urologists a tool for assessing the risk and making treatment decision for PCa patients.
Enhanced PRL-1 expression in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerates hepatic function via mitochondrial dynamics in a cirrhotic rat model
Authors: Kim Jae Yeon , Choi Jong Ho , Jun Ji Hye , Park Sohae , Jung Jieun , Bae Si Hyun , Kim Gi Jin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) have been highlighted as an alternative cell therapy agent that becomes a next-generation stem cell treatment because of several advantages, including therapeutic effects in regenerative medicine and potential as vehicles for targeted gene delivery systems. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1), an immediate early gene, plays a critical role during liver regeneration. However, whether enhanced PRL-1 expression in cirrhotic liver accelerates the mitochondrial metabolic state for hepatic regeneration remains unknown. Here, we generated enhanced PRL-1 in PD-MSCs (PD-MSCsPRL-1, PRL-1+) using lentiviral and nonviral gene delivery systems and investigated mitochondrial functions by PD-MSCPRL-1 transplantation for hepatic functions in a rat model with bile duct ligation (BDL). Methods: PD-MSCsPRL-1 were generated by lentiviral and non-viral AMAXA gene delivery systems and analyzed for their characteristics and mitochondrial metabolic functions. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats induced liver cirrhosis using common BDL for 10 days. PKH67+ naïve and PD-MSCsPRL-1 using a non-viral system (2x106 cells/animal) were intravenously administered into cirrhotic rats. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks after transplantation and engraftment of stem cells, and histopathological analysis and hepatic mitochondrial functions were performed. Results: PD-MSCsPRL-1 using lentiviral and non-viral AMAXA systems were successfully generated, and they maintained characteristics similar to those of naïve cells. PD-MSCsPRL-1 improved respirational metabolic states in mitochondria compared with naïve cells. In particular, compared with mitochondria in PD-MSCsPRL-1 generated by the nonviral AMAXA system, mitochondria in PD-MSCsPRL-1 generated by the lentiviral system showed a significant increase in the respirational metabolic state, including ATP production and mitochondrial biogenesis (*p<0.05). Furthermore, transplantation of PD-MSCsPRL-1 using a nonviral AMAXA system promoted engraftment into injured target liver tissues of a rat cirrhotic model with BDL and enhanced the metabolism of mitochondria via increased mtDNA and ATP production, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: Our findings will further our understanding of the therapeutic mechanism of enhanced MSCs and provide useful data for the development of next-generation MSC-based cell therapy and therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine in liver disease.
The role of surgery following concurrent chemoradiotherapy in cervical adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Ke , Ma Jiabin , Wang Weiping , Zhang Fuquan , Hou Xiaorong , Lian Xin , Yan Junfang , Sun Shuai , Liu Zhikai , Miao Zheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical significance of adjuvant hysterectomy in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) primarily treated by definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of cervical AC patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB-IIIB in our hospital between Jan 2005 and Feb 2016. All patients were treated with external radiation(45-50.4Gy in 25 to 28 fractions) and brachytherapy (27-36Gy in 4 to 7 fractions), combined with concurrent chemotherapy including weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m 2 ) or weekly paclitaxel (75 mg/m 2 ). After CCRT, some patients received chemotherapy or hysterectomy, whereas the rest were followed up for observation. Survival outcomes were compared between patients who underwent hysterectomy after radiotherapy with those who did not. Results: A total of 109 cervical AC patients were enrolled. After a median follow-up duration of 48 months(range, 4-135 months), the 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 82.3% and 57.8%, respectively. Fifty-two patients underwent hysterectomy after CCRT. The 3-year OS of surgery group was significantly higher than non-surgery group (68.6% vs. 52.8%, p =0.044). 3-year PFS, local progression-free survival (LPFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in surgery and non-surgery group were 59.1% vs. 44.7% ( p = 0.087), 87.6% vs. 66.3% ( p = 0.064) and 71.6% vs. 57.0% ( p =0.24), respectively. In subgroup analysis, hysterectomy significantly improved the 3-year PFS (54.1% vs. 18.8%, p =0.039) and 3-year DMFS (64.2% vs. 20.8%, p =0.030) in patients with residual tumor after CCRT, and had a trend in improving 3-year OS (62.8% vs. 37.5%, p =0.062) and 3-year LPFS (82.8% vs. 49.2%, p =0.082). Grade 3 or more late toxicities of urinary and gastro-intestinal systems in surgery and non-surgery groups were observed in 3.8% vs. 3.5%, and 1.9% vs.3.6% cases, respectively. Conclusion: Hysterectomy improved clinical outcomes of cervical AC patients with residual disease after CCRT. For patients with clinical complete response after CCRT, hysterectomy did not bring further survival benefit. The long-term toxicities of post-radiation surgery was tolerable.
Anti-biofilm activity of antimicrobial hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions compared to common wound antiseptics and bacterial resilience in an innovative in-vitro human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM)
Authors: Rembe Julian-Dario , Huelsboemer Lioba Franziska , Besser Manuela , Stuermer Ewa K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background Biofilms pose a relevant factor for wound healing impairment in chronic wounds. With 78% of all chronic wounds being affected by biofilms, research in this area is of high priority, especially since data for evidence-based selection of appropriate antimicrobials and antiseptics is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm efficacy of commercially available hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions compared to established antiseptics. Methods Using an innovative complex in-vitro human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM), quantitative reduction of P. aeruginosa , S. aureus and MRSA biofilms by three hypochlorous irrigation solutions (two <0.08% and one 0.2% NaClO) were compared to 0.1% octenidine-dihydrochloride/phenoxyethanol (OCT/PE) and 0.04% polyhexanide (PHMB). Efficacy was compared to a non-challenged planktonic approach as well as with increased substance volume over the prolonged treatment course (up to 72h). Qualitative visualisation of biofilms was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Both tested antiseptics (OCT/PE and PHMB) induced significant biofilm reductions within 72h, whereby OCT/PE in an increased volume even managed complete eradication of P. aeruginosa and MRSA biofilms after 72h. The tested hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions however achieved no relevant penetration and eradication of biofilms, despite increased volume and exposure. Only 0.2% NaClO managed a low reduction over prolonged treatment time. Conclusion The results in the here used complex human plasma biofilm model closely mimic the clinical situation of a high challenging environment for antimicrobials to perform in. Under these conditions, the low-dosed hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions are significantly less effective than antiseptics and thus unsuitable for biofilm eradication.
Trends in Kaposi sarcoma prevalence at HIV care initiation in adults at a large HIV treatment program in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Akanbi Maxwell O , Bilaver Lucy. A. , Achenbach Chad , Hirschhorn Lisa. R. , Silas Olugbenga A , Agaba Patricia. A. , Agbaji Oche , Shehu Nathan Y. , Gomerep Simji. S. , Sagay Solomon A. , Hou Lifang , Murphy Robert. L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly reduced the prevalence of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) among patients initiating care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care in western nations. A similar pattern has not been universally documented across sub-Saharan Africa where the majority of people with HIV reside. This study examined trends in KS prevalence among adults initiating HIV care in Nigeria from 2006 to 2017.Methods: Data of patients 18 years or older, who initiated HIV care at the Jos University Teaching Hospital HIV clinic Jos, Nigeria from 2006 and 2017, were analyzed. Prevalence of KS over three consecutive four-year periods of increased ART coverage: 2006-2009, 2010-2013 and 2014-2017 were estimated. Logistic regression models were used to compare age- and sex-adjusted trends in KS prevalence rates at HIV care initiation over the three-time periods, and determine independent predictor of KS.Results: Among 16,431 adults who initiated HIV care from January 2006 to Decemeber 2017, mean age 35.1 (9.5) years, 65.7% female, and 51.1% with CD4 T-cell count < 200 cells/mm3; the overall prevalence of KS was 0.59 % (95% CI 0.48-0.72). KS prevalence was lowest at the time of HIV care initiation from 2006-2009 (0.39%; 95% CI 0.29-0.53), peaked at 1.12% (95% CI 0.82-1.52) from 2010-2013 and declined to 0.72% (95% CI 0.42-1.20) from 2014-2017. Compared to 2006-2009, age- and sex-adjusted odds for KS were 2.81 (95% CI 1.83-4.34, p<0.01) for 2010-2013 and 1.74 (95% CI 0.95-3.30, p=0.07) for 2014-2017. Independent predictors of KS were period of enrollment, male sex and low CD4 T-cell count. Conclusion: Expansion of ART access was not associated with a decline in KS prevalence among adults initiating ART in Nigeria.
Organ at risks sparing with simultaneous integrated boost volumetric modulated arc therapy for locally advanced non-small lung cancer: an automated treatment planning study
Authors: Wang Daquan , Chen Jiayun , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Tao , Wang Luhua , Feng Qinfu , Zhou Zongmei , Dai Jianrong , Bi Nan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : The technique of simultaneous integrated boost volumetric modulated arc therapy (SIB-VMAT) have been widely used in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, however, its dosimetric advantages are seldom reported. This study aimed to investigate the dosimetric benefit of SIB-VMAT compared to conventional VMAT plans (C-VMAT). Methods : Forty patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer in our hospital were randomly selected for the two type prescriptions. SIB-VMAT and C-VMAT plans were generated for each patient with the same optimization parameter by the automatic treatment planning system (TPS). The prescribed dose was 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions to PTV and 59.92 Gy in 28 fractions to PGTV in SIB-VMAT plans, with 60 Gy in 30 fractions to PTV in C-VMAT plans. Dose-volume metrics for the planning target volume, lung, heart, esophagus and spinal cord were recorded. The quality score (S D ) was used to evaluate organ at risks (OARs) protection for two type prescription plans. Results : Conformal coverage of the PGTV/PTV by the 95% of the prescription dose was well achieved in automated plans. SIB-VMAT plans achieved significantly lower S D values than C-VMAT plans (Mean: 0.064±0.106 vs. 0.145±0.181, P=0.001). Obvious reductions in mean dose, V 30 , V 40 and V 50 of total lung were observed in SIB-VMAT plans compared to C-VMAT plans, with median decreased proportions of 6.5%、8.7%、19.6% and 32.1%. Statistically significant decrease in heart V 30 and V 40 were also achieved in SIB-VMAT plans, with median decreased proportions of 26.1% and 38.8%. SIB-VMAT plans achieved significant reductions in the maximum doses to both esophagus and spinal cord. Conclusions : SIB-VMAT technique could lead to a substantial sparing of normal organs, including lung, heart, esophagus and cord, mainly through reducing high and inter-median dose exposure.
The role of GLUT-1 in upregulation of PD-L1 expression after radiotherapy and PD-L1 is associated with a favourable overall survival in hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Shen Li-Fang , Zhou Shui-Hong , Guo Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Although the alteration of tumor immunity after radiotherapy (RT) has been studied widely in recent years, how radiotherapy mediates tumor immunity and whether glycolysis is involved in the mediation in hypopharyngeal cancer are still unclear. This study aimes to determine whether radiotherapy regulates programmed cell death ligand 1( PD-L1) partly via glucose transporter 1(GLUT-1) expression and whether PD-L1 expression predicts overall survival (OS) in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. Methods: PD-L1, Glut-1 expression and C D4+, CD8+ T cell were detected by immunohistochemistry analysis on 47 pre-RT and 25 post-RT specimens of hypopharyngeal cancer. The changes of these indicators before and after radiotherapy were compared, and their association with overall survival of patients were analyzed. Moreover, we used siRNA-GLUT-1 to inhibit GLUT-1 expression and determined whether GLUT-1 was a key factor involved in mediation of PD-L1 expression by RT in vitro. Results: In multivariate analysis, patients with higher PD-L1 expression (P=0.037), higher CD4+ T cell infiltration (P=0.016) and earlier clinical stage (P=0.019) had favourable OS. The PD-L1 expression and CD4+, CD8+ T cell increased significantly after RT. PD-L1 expression was correlated with Glut-1 in pre-RT (P=0.002), but not after-RT(P=0.051). The PD-L1 expression of FaDu cells was upregulated after RT, especially at 96h after RT in vitro. However, the PD-L1 expression of siRNA-GLUT-1 FaDu cells was significantly decreased at 96h after RT when compared with FaDu cells. Conclusion: The patients with high PD‑L1 expression and CD4+ T cell infiltration might have favourable OS in hypopharyngeal cancer. RT could increase PD-L1 expression and alter tumor immunity, the expression of PD-L1 was correlated with Glut-1, and inhibiting GLUT-1 expression might decrease the expression of PD-L1. GLUT-1 might participate in the alteration of tumor immunity after RT.
Submicroscopic malaria infection is not associated with fever in cross-sectional studies in Malawi
Authors: Vareta Jimmy , Buchwald Andrea G , Barrall Angelica , Cohee Lauren M. , Walldorf Jenny A , Coalson Jenna E , Seydel Karl , Sixpence Alick , Mathanga Don P , Taylor Terrie E , Laufer Miriam K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections are widespread in many areas. However, the contribution of these infections to symptomatic malaria is not well understood. In this study we evaluated whether participants with submicroscopic P. falciparum infections have higher prevalence of fever than uninfected participants in southern Malawi.Methods: We enrolled a total of 16,650 children and adults in the course of six cross-sectional surveys during the dry season (October - November) and after the rainy season (April - May) between 2012 - 2014 in three districts in southern Malawi. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected in conjunction with data on clinical histories, use of malaria preventive measures, and antimalarial medication taken within two weeks of the survey. Axillary temperatures were measured, and blood samples were collected for P. falciparum detection by microscopy and PCR. Participants without malaria parasites detected on microscopy but with a positive PCR for P. falciparum were defined as having submicroscopic infection. Fever was defined as having any one of: reported fever in the past two weeks, reported fever in the past 48 hours, or a temperature of ≥37.5 °C measured at the time of interview.Results: Submicroscopic P. falciparum infections and fever were both detected in 9% of the study population. In the final analysis adjusted for clustering within household and enumeration area, having submicroscopic P. falciparum infection was associated with reduced odds of fever in the dry season (odds ratio = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33 – 0.82); the association in the rainy season did not achieve statistical significance (odds ratio = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.91 – 1.59). The association between submicroscopic infection and fever was consistent across all age groups. When we limited the definition of fever to temperature of ≥37.5 °C measured at the time of interview, the association was not statistically significant in either the rainy or dry season.Conclusions: In this series of cross-sectional studies in southern Malawi, submicroscopic P. falciparum infection was not associated with increased risk of fever. Submicroscopic detection of the malaria parasite is important in efforts to decrease transmission but is not essential for the clinical recognition of malaria disease.
Modelling based in the stochastic dynamics for the time evolution of the COVID-19
Authors: Lima Leonardo dos Santos 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The stochastic differential equation (SDE) corresponding to nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation where the nonlinearity appearing in this evolution equation can be interpreted as providing an effective description of a system of particles interacting is obtained. Additionally, we propose a stochastic model for time dynamics of the COVID-19 based in the set of data supported by the Brazilian health agencies.
Effects of vegetation lodging on overland runoff flow regime and resistance
Authors: Zhang Jingzhou , Zhang Shengtang , Li Guibao , Liu Ming , Chen Si 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVegetation is a vital part of the natural environment. Variations in vegetation morphology produce changes in the mechanical and fluid characteristics of overland flow. Determining the effects of vegetation lodging on the overland runoff flow regime and resistance is a prerequisite for accurately simulating overland runoff and convergence, revealing the mechanism of overland flow propagation, and the design and management of vegetation protection, soil consolidation, and ecological slope engineering. To systematically study the effects of vegetation lodging on overland runoff, four planting vegetation lodging angles (α) and 10 test water depths were used to simulate experimental research with a 1.0% slope ratio. Experimental results show that the depth and state of vegetation inundation and the degree of lodging significantly influence the flow regime and resistance. Under the same water depth, higher values of α are associated with higher values of the flow velocity, Reynolds number, Froude number, and Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient (f), and lower values of the drag coefficient (CD). The overall result is enhanced turbulence in the flow field and weaker flow resistance. Numerical statistics and difference analysis indicate that, when the vegetation is non-submerged, a 10° increase in α produces a 9.30% decrease in f. In the submerged state, a 10° increase in α causes a 26.70% decrease in f. CD is greatly affected by the boundary water depth. Below some critical water depths, an increase of 10° in α reduces CD by 8.48%. Above the critical depth, a 10° increase in α decreases CD by 41.10%.