bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Dynamics of Neural Tumor Cells by Templated Liquid Crystalline Polymer Networks
Authors: Jiang Jinghua , Dhakal Netra Prasad , Guo Yubing , Andre Christian , Thompson Lauren , Skalli Omar , Peng Chenhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability to control the alignment and organization of cell populations has great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A variety of approaches such as nano/microtopographical patterning, mechanical loading, and nanocomposite synthesis have been developed to engineer scaffolds able to control cellular properties and behaviors. In this work, a patterned liquid crystal polymer network (LCN) film is synthesized by using a nematic liquid crystal template in which the molecular orientations are predesigned by photopatterning technique. Various configurations of polymer networks such as linear and circular patterns are created. When neural tumor cells are plated onto the templated LCN films, the cell alignment, migration, and proliferation are directed in both linear and curvilinear fashions following the pattern of the aligned polymer chains. A complex LCN pattern with zigzag geometry is also fabricated and found to be capable of controlling cell alignment and collective cellular organization. The demonstrated control of cell dynamics and organization by LCN films with various molecular alignments opens new opportunities to design scaffolds to control cultured cell organization in a manner resembling that found in tissues and to develop novel advanced materials for nerve repair, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine applications.
Solution‐Processable Transparent Organic Molecular Nanoadhesives for Exceptionally Durable Nanowire Electrodes
Authors: Bok Shingyu , Ahn Kwangguk , Oh Hwisu , Kwon Nayoung , Lee Jung Heon , Nam Jaewook , Lim Byungkwon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSilver (Ag) nanowires (NWs) are promising building blocks for fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes, but their poor adhesion to polymeric substrates causes delamination of NWs from a substrate during repeated deformation, which leads to degradation in electrical performance. A new and simple approach is developed to dramatically improve mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability of a Ag NW electrode by hybridizing a NW network film with an organic molecular nanoadhesive layer without sacrificing its inherent excellent optoelectrical properties. It is discovered that some of pyridine derivatives such as 4‐dimethylaminopyridine can be solution‐processed and annealed to form a transparent layer with high adhesion to polymeric substrates such as poly(ethylene terephthalate). In addition to high optical transparency and electrical conductivity, the NW‐nanoadhesive hybrid film exhibits low surface roughness, reduced optical haze, and excellent adhesion to the substrate without delamination against 100 cycles of tape detachment and 10 000 cycles of bending tests at 1 mm of bending radius. Furthermore, the hybrid film exhibits good air‐oxidation and thermal stability over 24 h at 100 °C. The hybrid electrodes show good performance in applications for flexible touch panel and thin film heater.
Improving soil properties and grains yield of winter wheat and summer corn under residue management strategies
Authors: Gao Fei , Hu Juan , Ren Baizhao , Liu Peng , Zhao Bin , Zhang Jiwang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a 6‐year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different amounts of corn stover returned to the field on soil properties and grain yield of double‐cropped of winter wheat and summer maize. A randomized block design with three replications was employed including three treatments: based on all stalks of winter wheat returned to the field, (1) all summer maize stalks were mechanically pulverized and returned to the field (SR); (2) a half of summer maize stalks were mechanically pulverized and returned to the field (1/2 SR); and (3) all summer maize stalks were fully removed (control; CK). Compared with CK, the yield of summer maize and winter wheat were increased in both SR and 1/2SR. The total soil porosity, water‐stable aggregate content, and organic matter content were significantly higher in both SR and 1/2SR treatments than those in CK. The total P and available K were increased in both SR and 1/2SR, compared with those in CK. However, differences in soil properties and grain yield were not significant between SR and 1/2SR. These results indicated that corn stover returned to the field could significantly improve soil properties and yield. It can maintain soil sustainability and provide a high‐quality soil environment through treatment of 1/2SR, and the efficient use of straw can be achieved by using the remaining half of the straw for biomass energy. Overall, our data provided a basis for the use of stover resources to keep a sustainable soil production capacity.
Functional Covalent Triazine Frameworks‐Based Quasi‐Solid‐State Electrolyte Used to Enhance Lithium Metal Battery Safety
Authors: Shi Qing Xuan , Guan Xin , Pei Hui Jie , Chang Chen , Qu Hao , Xie Xiao Lin , Ye Yun Sheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development and use of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) has been hampered by uneven Li deposition and dendrite formation during repeated cycling. Here, a new class of quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes (QSSE) consisting of ionic liquid functional covalent triazine‐based frameworks (IL‐fCTF) and a Li salt‐ionic liquid (LIL), formed by simple mechanical mixing, is shown to overcome these problems. The IL‐fCTF based QSSE exhibits high strength stability, due to its robust CTF skeleton that suppresses unwanted Li dendrite formation. Moreover, LIL absorbed in the ordered porous structures of the CTF skeleton forms three‐dimensional (3D) continues ion transport channels, beneficial for Li‐ion conduction and ensuring even Li deposition. The QSSE used in LMBs shows a high room‐temperature ionic conductivity (1.33 mS cm−1 at 30 °C), due to its excellent electrolyte uptake, ultra‐high Li‐ion transfer number (0.648), improved electrochemical/cycling stability and good rate capacity. The easily fabricated QSSE‐based battery's excellent performance makes it a promising candidate for practical application in LMBs.
A Liquid Anode of Lithium Biphenyl for Highly Safe Lithium‐Air Battery with Hybrid Electrolyte
Authors: Bao Jiejun , Li Chao , Zhang Fan , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Xueping , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA hybrid electrolyte, by uniting aqueous and organic electrolyte with a water‐stable lithium super ionic conductor ceramic (LISICON) plate, was proposed to circumvent the drawbacks of nonaqueous Li‐air batteries, such as corrosion of metallic Li from humidity, decomposition of organic solvents and insoluble discharge products clogging air electrode. However, safety issues deteriorate when the brittle ceramic plate fails to separate organic and aqueous solutions. This study aimed to improve the safety of the hybrid electrolyte based Li‐air battery, by designing a liquid anode of lithium biphenyl (LiBP) replacing the lithium metal as the mild reaction between LiBP and aqueous electrolyte without combustion. Moreover, sputtering Ti layer onto the anodic side of the ceramic plate can improve chemical stability of interface between the liquid anode and solid electrolyte. In this system, the cell exhibited a relatively high discharge voltage of 2.81 V at the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2, as well as a specific power of 1638 W kg−1 at the current density of 6 mA cm−2 by using this liquid anode. The cycling life exceeded over 120 cycles at the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. The ex situ Raman spectrometry and in situ GC‐MS analyses reveal that the redox reaction of BP−/BP and OH−/O2 in anolyte and catholyte respectively can deliver large capacity during cycling.
Customer green orientation and process innovation alignment: A configuration approach in the global manufacturing industry
Authors: Nguyen Hung M. , Onofrei George , Truong Dothang , Lockrey Simon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch suggests that manufacturers increasingly innovate processes to meet customer's green requirements; however, little is known about the impact on performance and the contextual conditions, under which they are effective. Grounded on configuration approach, this study develops taxonomies of manufacturing firms based on the degree of customer's green orientation and process innovation. This study argues that performance differences between these clusters, highlight managerial implications for sustainable development. The empirical data used in this study were drawn from Global Manufacturing Research Group (GMRG) survey project (with data collected from 629 manufacturing firms from nine countries). Our results show that customer green innovation taxonomies influence differently on environmental measures, costs, and financial performance. The study proposes three clusters: Process active, Green minimalist, and Green proactive. The main differences between manufacturers are based on the level of investments in joint green improvement initiatives and customer direct investments in green activities. Firms that belong to the Process active cluster, who are first within the industry to deploy new processes and update the latest process development, gained significant improvement in financial measures such as market share and profits. Whereas Green minimalist cluster lagged behind, Green proactive manufacturers aligned in both capabilities to experience higher payoffs in sustainable performance measures and efficiency. The findings provide a step‐by‐step decision‐making process and offer guidance for supply chain managers who have to stretch their needs to align the innovation processes to enhance their sustainable performance.
Density peaks clustering‐based steady/transition mode identification and monitoring of multimode processes
Authors: Zheng Ying , Wang Yang , Yan Haolan , Wang Yan , Yang Weidong , Tao Bo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultimode is the characteristic of industrial manufacturing processes due to different production strategies and environments. For multimode process monitoring, it is a challenge to identify different steady modes and transition modes. In this paper, a k nearest neighbours (KNN)‐based density peaks clustering (DPC) method is applied to identify different modes. First, the local density of each sample, which is obtained with a KNN constraint and its minimum distance to the higher local density points are calculated as two indicators of the DPC algorithm to find the cluster centres of the training data. Then, the transition modes are identified by combining the moving window strategy and the DPC algorithm, where an index called the local density‐distance ratio (LDDR) is employed. Finally, the monitoring algorithm is used to detect the faults for each operation mode. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are illustrated by a numerical example and a Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process.
Sorption enhanced steam methane reforming by Ni/CaO/mayenite combined systems: Overview of experimental results from European research project ASCENT
Authors: Di Giuliano Andrea , Gallucci Katia , Di Carlo Andrea , Stendardo Stefano , Courson Claire , Foscolo Pier Ugo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWork Package 4 (WP4) of the European research project ASCENT developed combined sorbent‐catalyst materials (CSCM) for sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SESMR), based on nickel (Ni) and calcium oxide (CaO). This work summarizes the whole experimental study carried out in ASCENT WP4 on Ni/CaO/mayenite systems obtained from wet mixing and wet impregnation synthesis methods. Effects from Ni precursor (Ni (CH3COO)2 · 4H2O or Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O), Ni load (from 3 wt%‐10 wt%), and free CaO load (from 0 wt%‐54 wt%) were investigated for 26 materials by means of characterizations and reforming reactivity tests in a packed‐bed microreactor (650°C, 1 atm). Thanks to comparative analyses of the results, evidence emerged about the detrimental influence of low Ni/CaO ratio on the reforming catalytic activity of solid inventories, made of CSCM or even of the raw mixing of CaO‐mayenite and Ni‐mayenite particles. Catalytic materials were active towards reforming only when derived from Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O. Based on this, the best CSCM (with the lowest free CaO content and the highest Ni load from nickel nitrate) was chosen to further study its industrial applicability by multicycle SESMR/sorbent‐regeneration tests in a bench‐scale packed‐bed rig and attrition tests according to ASTM D5757‐11. The CSCM was stable and active for 200 cycles with regenerations in N2 at 850°C, while a progressive loss of its activity occurred with regenerations in CO2 at 925°C as the cycle number increased due to Ni sintering. Its performance in the attrition tests was comparable to that of calcined dolomite.
Synthesis, Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of Buprenorphine‐Derived Phenylazocarboxamides as Novel μ‐Opioid Receptor Ligands
Authors: Krüll Jasmin , Fehler Stefanie K. , Hofmann Laura , Nebel Natascha , Maschauer Simone , Prante Olaf , Gmeiner Peter , Lanig Harald , Hübner Harald , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTargeted structural modifications have led to a novel type of buprenorphine‐derived opioid receptor ligand displaying an improved selectivity profile for the μ‐OR subtype. On this basis, it is shown that phenylazocarboxamides may serve as useful bioisosteric replacements for the widely occurring cinnamide units, without loss of OR binding affinity or subtype selectivity. This study further includes functional experiments pointing to weak partial agonist properties of the novel μ‐OR ligands, as well as docking and metabolism experiments. Finally, the unique bifunctional character of phenylazocarboxylates, herein serving as precursors for the azocarboxamide subunit, was exploited to demonstrate the accessibility of an 18F‐fluorinated analogue.
Human Papillomavirus Quasivirus Production and Infection of Primary Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Porter Samuel S. , McBride Alison A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis protocol describes the production of human papillomavirus (HPV)–derived quasiviruses. Quasiviruses are infectious particles that are produced in 293TT packaging cells and contain a complete viral genome. We describe methods for infection of primary human keratinocytes with HPV quasiviruses, as well as assays to measure early viral DNA replication and transcription. Published 2020. U.S. Government.Basic Protocol 1: Transfection, harvest, and isolation of HPV quasivirusesAlternate Protocol 1: Packaging HPV DNA replicated in 293TT cellsAlternate Protocol 2: Production of higher‐purity quasivirus using the “Ripcord” methodSupport Protocol 1: Production of HPV minicirclesSupport Protocol 2: Production of recircularized HPV genomesSupport Protocol 3: Screening of fractions for viral proteinsSupport Protocol 4: Screening of fractions for viral DNASupport Protocol 5: Measuring viral titerSupport Protocol 6: Quantitation of quasivirionsBasic Protocol 2: Infection of primary human foreskin keratinocytes with quasivirusBasic Protocol 3: HPV quasivirus transcription assayBasic Protocol 4: HPV quasivirus replication assay
The Approved Dose of Ivermectin Alone is not the Ideal Dose for the Treatment of COVID‐19
Authors: Schmith Virginia D. , Zhou Jie (Jessie) , Lohmer Lauren R.L. 
Published: May 2020

Caly et al.1 reported that ivermectin inhibited severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in vitro for up to 48 hours using ivermectin at 5 μM. The concentration resulting in 50% inhibition (IC50; 2 µM) was > 35× higher than the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) after oral administration of the approved dose of ivermectin when given fasted. Simulations were conducted using an available population pharmacokinetic model to predict total (bound and unbound) and unbound plasma concentration‐time profiles after a single and repeat fasted administration of the approved dose of ivermectin (200 μg/kg), 60 mg, and 120 mg. Plasma total Cmax was determined and then multiplied by the lung:plasma ratio reported in cattle to predict the lung Cmax after administration of each single dose. Plasma ivermectin concentrations of total (bound and unbound) and unbound concentrations do not reach the IC50, even for a dose level 10× higher than the approved dose. Even with the high lung:plasma ratio, ivermectin is unlikely to reach the IC50 in the lungs after single oral administration of the approved dose (predicted lung: 0.0873 µM) or at doses 10× higher that the approved dose administered orally (predicted lung: 0.820 µM). In summary, the likelihood of a successful clinical trial using the approved dose of ivermectin is low. Combination therapy should be evaluated in vitro. Repurposing drugs for use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) treatment is an ideal strategy but is only feasible when product safety has been established and experiments of repurposed drugs are conducted at clinically relevant concentrations.
Modeling the Physicochemical Properties of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Kovács Attila , Neyts Erik C. , Cornet Iris , Wijnants Marc , Billen Pieter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNatural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are mixtures of naturally derived compounds with a significantly decreased melting point owing to specific interactions among the constituents. NADES have benign properties (low volatility, flammability, toxicity, cost) and tailorable physicochemical properties (by altering the type and molar ratio of constituents); hence, they are often considered to be a green alternative to common organic solvents. Modeling the relation between their composition and properties is crucial though, both for understanding and predicting their behavior. Several efforts have been made to this end. This Review aims at structuring the present knowledge as an outline for future research. First, the key properties of NADES are reviewed and related to their structure on the basis of the available experimental data. Second, available modeling methods applicable to NADES are reviewed. At the molecular level, DFT and molecular dynamics allow density differences and vibrational spectra to be interpreted, and interaction energies to be computed. Additionally, properties at the level of the bulk medium can be explained and predicted by semi‐empirical methods based on ab initio methods (COSMO‐RS) and equation of state models (PC‐SAFT). Finally, methods based on large datasets are discussed: models based on group‐contribution methods and machine learning. A combination of bulk‐medium and dataset modeling allows qualitative prediction and interpretation of phase equilibria properties on the one hand, and quantitative prediction of melting point, density, viscosity, surface tension, and refractive index on the other. Multiscale modeling, combining molecular and macroscale methods, is expected to strongly enhance the predictability of NADES properties and their interaction with solutes, and thus yield truly tailorable solvents to accommodate (bio)chemical reactions.
A deep learning approach with Bayesian optimization and ensemble classifiers for detecting denial of service attacks
Authors: Gormez Yasin , Aydin Zafer , Karademir Ramazan , Gungor Vehbi C. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryDetecting malicious behavior is important for preventing security threats in a computer network. Denial of Service (DoS) is among the popular cyber attacks targeted at web sites of high‐profile organizations and can potentially have high economic and time costs. In this paper, several machine learning methods including ensemble models and autoencoder‐based deep learning classifiers are compared and tuned using Bayesian optimization. The autoencoder framework enables to extract new features by mapping the original input to a new space. The methods are trained and tested both for binary and multi‐class classification on Digiturk and Labris datasets, which were introduced recently for detecting various types of DDoS attacks. The best performing methods are found to be ensembles though deep learning classifiers achieved comparable level of accuracy.
Future IoT‐enabled threats and vulnerabilities: State of the art, challenges, and future prospects
Authors: Srivastava Astha , Gupta Shashank , Quamara Megha , Chaudhary Pooja , Aski Vidyadhar Jinnappa 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn the recent era, the security issues affecting the future Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) standards has fascinated noteworthy consideration from numerous research communities. In this view, numerous assessments in the form of surveys were proposed highlighting several future IoT‐centric subjects together with threat modeling, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and various emergent technologies. In contrast, in this article, we have focused exclusively on the emerging IoT‐related vulnerabilities. This article is a multi‐fold survey that emphasizes on understanding the crucial causes of novel vulnerabilities in IoT paradigms and issues in existing research. Initially, we have emphasized on different layers of IoT architecture and highlight various emerging security challenges associated with each layer along with the key issues of different IoT systems. Secondly, we discuss the exploitation, detection, and defense methodologies of IoT malware‐enabled distributed denial of service (DDoS), Sybil, and collusion attack capabilities. We have also discussed numerous state‐of‐the‐art strategies for intrusion detection and methods for IDS setup in future IoT systems. Third, we have presented a brief classification of existing IoT authentication protocols and a comparative analysis of such protocols based on different IoT‐enabled cyber attacks. For conducting a real‐time future IoT research, we have presented some emerging blockchain solutions. We have also discussed a comparative examination of some of the recently developed simulation tools and IoT test beds that are characterized based on different layers of IoT infrastructure. We have also outlined some of the open issues and future research directions and also facilitate the readers with broad classification of existing surveys in this domain that addresses several scopes related to the IoT paradigm. This survey article focuses in enabling IoT‐related research activities by comparing and merging scattered surveys in this domain.