bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing neutrino quantum decoherence at reactor experiments
Authors: de Gouvêa André , De Romeri Valentina , Ternes Christoph A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We explore how well reactor antineutrino experiments can constrain or measure the loss of quantum coherence in neutrino oscillations. We assume that decoherence effects are encoded in the size of the neutrino wave-packet, σ. We find that the current experiments Daya Bay and the Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) already constrain σ > 1.0×10−4 nm and estimate that future data from the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) would be sensitive to σ < 2.1 × 10−3 nm. If the effects of loss of coherence are within the sensitivity of JUNO, we expect σ to be measured with good precision. The discovery of nontrivial decoherence effects in JUNO would indicate that our understanding of the coherence of neutrino sources is, at least, incomplete.
Anomalies of (0,4) SCFTs from F-theory
Authors: Couzens Christopher , het Lam Huibert , Mayer Kilian , Vandoren Stefan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study the macroscopics of 2d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 4) SCFTs arising from F-theory constructions. The class of 2d SCFTs we consider live on black strings which are obtained by wrapping D3-branes on a curve in the base of a possibly singular elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefold. In addition, we allow the D3-branes to probe ALE or ALF spaces transversely. We compute anomaly coefficients of these SCFTs by determining Chern- Simons terms in the 3d action resulting from the reduction of 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) supergravity on the compact space surrounding the black string. Essential contributions to these coefficients are from one-loop induced Chern-Simons terms arising from integrating out massive Kaluza-Klein modes.
A new test of multivariate normality by a double estimation in a characterizing PDE
Authors: Dörr Philip , Ebner Bruno , Henze Norbert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with testing for nondegenerate normality of a d-variate random vector X based on a random sample $$X_1,\ldots ,X_n$$

X
1

,
…
,

X
n

of X. The rationale of the test is that the characteristic function $$\psi (t) = \exp (-\Vert t\Vert ^2/2)$$

ψ

(
t
)

=
exp
(
-
‖
t

‖
2

/
2
)

of the standard normal distribution in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

is the only solution of the partial differential equation $$\varDelta f(t) = (\Vert t\Vert ^2-d)f(t)$$

Δ
f

(
t
)

=
(
‖
t

‖
2

-
d
)
f

(
t
)

, $$t \in {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

t
∈

R

d

, subject to the condition $$f(0) = 1$$

f
(
0
)
=
1

, where $$\varDelta $$
Δ
denotes the Laplace operator. In contrast to a recent approach that bases a test for multivariate normality on the difference $$\varDelta \psi _n(t)-(\Vert t\Vert ^2-d)\psi (t)$$

Δ

ψ
n

(
t
)

-

(
‖
t
‖

2

-
d
)
ψ

(
t
)

, where $$\psi _n(t)$$

ψ
n

(
t
)

is the empirical characteristic function of suitably scaled residuals of $$X_1,\ldots ,X_n$$

X
1

,
…
,

X
n

, we consider a weighted $$L^2$$

L
2

-statistic that employs $$\varDelta \psi _n(t) -(\Vert t\Vert ^2-d)\psi _n(t)$$

Δ

ψ
n

(
t
)

-

(
‖
t
‖

2

-
d
)

ψ
n

(
t
)

. We derive asymptotic properties of the test under the null hypothesis and alternatives. The test is affine invariant and consistent against general alternatives, and it exhibits high power when compared with prominent competitors. The main difference between the procedures are theoretically driven by different covariance kernels of the Gaussian limiting processes, which has considerable effect on robustness with respect to the choice of the tuning parameter in the weight function.
Benefits of non-tidal loading applied at distinct levels in VLBI analysis
Authors: Glomsda Matthias , Bloßfeld Mathis , Seitz Manuela , Seitz Florian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the analysis of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations, many geophysical models are used for correcting the theoretical signal delay. In addition to the conventional models described by Petit and Luzum (eds) (IERS Conventions, 2010), we are applying different parts of non-tidal site loading, namely the atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrological ones. To investigate their individual contributions, these parts are considered both separately and combined to a total loading. The application of the corresponding site displacements is performed at two distinct levels of the geodetic parameter estimation process (observation and normal equation level), which turn out to give very similar results in many cases. To validate our findings internally, the site displacements are provided by two different data centres: the Earth-System-Modelling group at the Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum in Potsdam (ESMGFZ, see Dill and Dobslaw, J Geophys Res Solid Earth, 2013. 10.1002/jgrb.50353)] and the International Mass Loading Service [IMLS, see Petrov (The international mass loading service, 2015)]. We show that considering non-tidal loading is actually useful for mitigating systematic effects in the VLBI results, like annual signals in the station height time series. If the sum of all non-tidal loading parts is considered, the WRMS of the station heights and baseline lengths is reduced in 80–90% of all cases, and the relative improvement is about $$-\,3.5$$

-

3.5

% on average. The main differences between our chosen providers originate from hydrological loading.
Comparison of phytochemical composition of Ginkgo biloba extracts using a combination of non-targeted and targeted analytical approaches
Authors: Collins Bradley J. , Kerns Season P. , Aillon Kristin , Mueller Geoffrey , Rider Cynthia V. , DeRose Eugene F. , London Robert E. , Harnly James M. , Waidyanatha Suramya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGinkgo biloba extract (GbE) is a dietary supplement derived from an ethanolic extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. Unfinished bulk GbE is used to make finished products that are sold as dietary supplements. The variable, complex composition of GbE makes it difficult to obtain consistent toxicological assessments of potential risk. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) observed hepatotoxicity in its rodent studies of a commercially available, unfinished GbE product, but the application of these results to the broader GbE supplement market is unclear. Here, we use a combination of non-targeted and targeted chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods to obtain profiles of 24 commercially available finished GbE products and unfinished standardized and unstandardized extracts with and without hydrolysis, then used principal component analysis to group unfinished products according to their similarity to each other and to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference materials (SRM), and the finished products. Unfinished products were grouped into those that were characteristic and uncharacteristic of standardized GbE. Our work demonstrates that different analytical approaches produced similar classifications of characteristic and uncharacteristic products in unhydrolyzed samples, but the distinctions largely disappeared once the samples were hydrolyzed. Using our approach, the NTP GbE was most similar to two unfinished GbE products classified as characteristic, finished products, and the NIST GbE SRM. We propose that a simple analysis for the presence, absence, or amounts of compounds unique to GbE in unhydrolyzed samples could be sufficient to determine a sample’s authenticity.Graphical abstract
Effects of modular ion-funnel technology onto analysis of breath VOCs by means of real-time mass spectrometry
Authors: Pugliese Giovanni , Piel Felix , Trefz Phillip , Sulzer Philipp , Schubert Jochen K. , Miekisch Wolfram 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) is a powerful tool for real-time monitoring of trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The sensitivity of PTR-ToF-MS also depends on the ability to effectively focus and transmit ions from the relatively high-pressure drift tube (DT) to the low-pressure mass analyzer. In the present study, a modular ion-funnel (IF) is placed adjacent to the DT of a PTR-ToF-MS instrument to improve the ion-focusing. IF consists of a series of electrodes with gradually decreasing orifice diameters. Radio frequency (RF) voltage and direct current (DC) electric field are then applied to the electrodes to get the ions focused. We investigated the effect of the RF voltage and DC field on the sensitivity of a pattern of VOCs including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and aromatic compounds. In a proof-of-concept study, the instrument operating both as normal DT (DC-mode) and at optimal IF conditions (RF-mode) was applied for the breath analysis of 21 healthy human subjects. For the range of investigated VOCs, an improvement of one order of magnitude in sensitivity was observed in RF-mode compared with DC-mode. Limits of detection could be improved by a factor of 2–4 in RF-mode compared with DC-mode. Operating the instrument in RF-mode allowed the detection of more compounds in the exhaled air compared with DC-mode. Incorporation of the IF considerably improved the performance of PTR-ToF-MS allowing the real-time monitoring of a larger number of potential breath biomarkers.
Molecular approach for insect detection in feed and food: the case of Gryllodes sigillatus
Authors: Daniso Enrico , Tulli Francesca , Cardinaletti Gloriana , Cerri Roberto , Tibaldi Emilio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe production of insects on an industrial scale has attracted the attention of the research and agricultural industry as novel protein sources. To detect the presence of Gryllodes sigillatus (GS) in feed and food, a real-time PCR method based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYB) gene is proposed by this study. Forty DNA samples of animal and plant origin were used to confirm the specificity of the qPCR system. The detection method’s performance was evaluated on different processed GS matrices including native GS (UnGS) and different commercial products: crunchy roasted samples (RoGS), insect meal mixtures (ACGS) and energetic snacks containing GS (GSS). Data on sequencing were aligned with the reference gene to confirm the PCR products. The regression curve (y = −3.394 x + 42.521; R2 = 0.994, d.f. 14) between Ct values and Log DNA concentrations of Gryllodes sigillatus resulted in an efficiency of 96.4%. The severity of the technological processing treatments and the matrix structure affected the intensity of the PCR signal with the same amount of insect DNA as observed by different y-intercepts of the three-regression lines for RoGS, ACGS, and GSS. The real-time PCR method resulted in robust and sensitive outcomes able to detect low amounts of GS DNA (5 g/100 g) in a complex matrix, making it suitable for detecting the presence or absence of labeled Gryllodes sigillatus material both in feed and food.
$$\lambda $$-Semidirect products of inverse monoids are weakly Schreier extensions
Authors: Faul Peter F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA split extension of monoids with kernel $$k :N \rightarrow G$$

k
:
N
→
G

, cokernel $$e :G \rightarrow H$$

e
:
G
→
H

and splitting $$s :H \rightarrow G$$

s
:
H
→
G

is weakly Schreier if each element $$g \in G$$

g
∈
G

can be written $$g = k(n)se(g)$$

g
=
k
(
n
)
s
e
(
g
)

for some $$n \in N$$

n
∈
N

. The characterization of weakly Schreier extensions allows them to be viewed as something akin to a weak semidirect product. The motivating examples of such extensions are the Artin glueings of topological spaces and, of course, the Schreier extensions of monoids which they generalise. In this paper we show that the $$\lambda $$
λ
-semidirect products of inverse monoids are also examples of weakly Schreier extensions. The characterization of weakly Schreier extensions sheds some light on the structure of $$\lambda $$
λ
-semidirect products. The set of weakly Schreier extensions between two monoids comes equipped with a natural poset structure, which induces an order on the set of $$\lambda $$
λ
-semidirect products between two inverse monoids. We show that Artin glueings are in fact $$\lambda $$
λ
-semidirect products and inspired by this identify a class of Artin-like $$\lambda $$
λ
-semidirect products. We show that joins exist for this special class of $$\lambda $$
λ
-semidirect product in the aforementioned order.
Automatic identification of atypical clinical fMRI results
Authors: Jansma J. Martijn , Rutten Geert-Jan , Ramsey Lenny E. , Snijders T. J. , Bizzi Alberto , Rosengarth Katharina , Dodoo-Schittko Frank , Hattingen Elke , de la Peña Mar Jiménez , von Campe Gord , Jehna Margit , Ramsey Nick F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Functional MRI is not routinely used for neurosurgical planning despite potential important advantages, due to difficulty of determining quality. We introduce a novel method for objective evaluation of fMRI scan quality, based on activation maps. A template matching analysis (TMA) is presented and tested on data from two clinical fMRI protocols, performed by healthy controls in seven clinical centers. Preliminary clinical utility is tested with data from low-grade glioma patients.

Methods
Data were collected from 42 healthy subjects from seven centers, with standardized finger tapping (FT) and verb generation (VG) tasks. Copies of these “typical” data were deliberately analyzed incorrectly to assess feasibility of identifying them as “atypical.” Analyses of the VG task administered to 32 tumor patients assessed sensitivity of the TMA method to anatomical abnormalities.

Results
TMA identified all atypical activity maps for both tasks, at the cost of incorrectly classifying 3.6 (VG)–6.5% (FT) of typical maps as atypical. For patients, the average TMA was significantly higher than atypical healthy scans, despite localized anatomical abnormalities caused by a tumor.

Conclusion
This study supports feasibility of TMA for objective identification of atypical activation patterns for motor and verb generation fMRI protocols. TMA can facilitate the use and evaluation of clinical fMRI in hospital settings that have limited access to fMRI experts. In a clinical setting, this method could be applied to automatically flag fMRI scans showing atypical activation patterns for further investigation to determine whether atypicality is caused by poor scan data quality or abnormal functional topography.
Optimization of nitric oxide donors for investigating biofilm dispersal response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates
Authors: Cai Yu-ming , Webb Jeremy S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms contribute heavily to chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients, leading to morbidity and mortality. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to disperse P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro, ex vivo and in clinical trials as a promising anti-biofilm agent. Traditional NO donors such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) have been extensively employed in different studies. However, the dosage of SNP in different studies was not consistent, ranging from 500 nM to 500 μM. SNP is light sensitive and produces cyanide, which may lead to data misinterpretation and inaccurate predictions of dispersal responses in clinical settings. New NO donors and NO delivery methods have therefore been explored. Here we assessed 7 NO donors using P. aeruginosa PAO1 and determined that SNP and Spermine NONOate (S150) successfully reduced > 60% biomass within 24 and 2 h, respectively. While neither dosage posed toxicity towards bacterial cells, chemiluminescence assays showed that SNP only released NO upon light exposure in M9 media and S150 delivered much higher performance spontaneously. S150 was then tested on 13 different cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa (CF-PA) isolates; most CF-PA biofilms were significantly dispersed by 250 μM S150. Our work therefore discovered a commercially available NO donor S150, which disperses CF-PA biofilms efficiently within a short period of time and without releasing cyanide, as an alternative of SNP in clinical trials in the future.

Key points
• S150 performs the best in dispersing P. aeruginosa biofilms among 7 NO donors.
• SNP only releases NO in the presence of light, while S150 releases NO spontaneously.
• S150 successfully disperses biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa cystic fibrosis clinical isolates.
Cooperating, congenital neutropenia–associated Csf3r and Runx1 mutations activate pro-inflammatory signaling and inhibit myeloid differentiation of mouse HSPCs
Authors: Ritter Malte , Klimiankou Maksim , Klimenkova Olga , Schambach Axel , Hoffmann Dirk , Schmidt Amy , Kanz Lothar , Link Daniel C. , Welte Karl , Skokowa Julia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatients with the pre-leukemia bone marrow failure syndrome called severe congenital neutropenia (CN) have an approximately 15% risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML; called here CN/AML). Most CN/AML patients co-acquireCSF3RandRUNX1mutations, which play cooperative roles in the development of AML. To establish an in vitro model of leukemogenesis, we utilized bone marrow lin−cells from transgenic C57BL/6-d715Csf3rmice expressing a CN patient–mimicking truncatedCSF3Rmutation. We transduced these cells with vectors encodingRUNX1wild type (WT) orRUNX1mutant proteins carrying the R139G or R174L mutations. Cells transduced with theseRUNX1mutants showed diminished in vitro myeloid differentiation and elevated replating capacity, compared with those expressing WTRUNX1. mRNA expression analysis showed that cells transduced with theRUNX1mutants exhibited hyperactivation of inflammatory signaling and innate immunity pathways, including IL-6, TLR, NF-kappaB, IFN, and TREM1 signaling. These data suggest that the expression of mutatedRUNX1in aCSF3R-mutated background may activate the pro-inflammatory cell state and inhibit myeloid differentiation.
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA): effect of bolus-tracking ROI positioning on image quality
Authors: Nebelung Heiner , Brauer Thomas , Seppelt Danilo , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Platzek Ivan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of bolus-tracking ROI positioning on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) image quality.

Methods
In this retrospective monocentric study, all patients had undergone CCTA by step-and-shoot mode to rule out coronary artery disease within a cohort at intermediate risk. Two groups were formed, depending on ROI positioning (left atrium (LA) or ascending aorta (AA)). Each group contained 96 patients. To select pairs of patients, propensity score matching was used. Image quality with regard to coronary arteries as well as pulmonary arteries was evaluated using quantitative and qualitative scores.

Results
In terms of the coronary arteries, there was no significant difference between both groups using quantitative (SNR AA 14.92 vs. 15.46; p = 0.619 | SNR LM 19.80 vs. 20.30; p = 0.661 | SNR RCA 24.34 vs. 24.30; p = 0.767) or qualitative scores (4.25 vs. 4.29; p = 0.672), respectively. With regard to pulmonary arteries, we found significantly higher quantitative (SNR RPA 8.70 vs. 5.89; p < 0.001 | SNR LPA 9.06 vs. 6.25; p < 0.001) and qualitative scores (3.97 vs. 2.24; p < 0.001) for ROI positioning in the LA than for ROI positioning in the AA.

Conclusions
ROI positioning in the LA or the AA results in comparable image quality of CT coronary arteriography, while positioning in the LA leads to significantly higher image quality of the pulmonary arteries. These results support ROI positioning in the LA, which also facilitates triple-rule-out CT scanning.

Key Points
• ROI positioning in the left atrium or the ascending aorta leads to comparable image quality of the coronary arteries.
• ROI positioning in the left atrium results in significantly higher image quality of the pulmonary arteries.
• ROI positioning in the left atrium is feasible to perform triple-rule-out CTA.
Egg consumption and cardiovascular risk: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Godos Justyna , Micek Agnieszka , Brzostek Tomasz , Toledo Estefania , Iacoviello Licia , Astrup Arne , Franco Oscar H. , Galvano Fabio , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A. , Grosso Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality globally and is strongly influenced by dietary risk factors. The aim was to assess the association between egg consumption and risk of CVD risk/mortality, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and heart failure.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched through April 2020 for prospective studies. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted the data through standardized methods. Size effects were calculated as summary relative risks (SRRs) in a dose–response fashion through random-effects meta-analyses.

Results
Thirty-nine studies including nearly 2 million individuals and 85,053 CHD, 25,103 stroke, 7536 heart failure, and 147,124 CVD cases were included. The summary analysis including 17 datasets from 14 studies conducted on CVD (incidence and/or mortality) showed that intake of up to six eggs per week is inversely associated with CVD events, when compared to no consumption [for four eggs per week, SRR = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90; 1.00)]; a decreased risk of CVD incidence was observed for consumption of up to one egg per day [SRR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89; 0.99)]. The summary analysis for CHD incidence/mortality including 24 datasets from 16 studies showed a decreased risk up to two eggs per week [(SRR = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.91; 1.00)]. No associations were retrieved with risk of stroke. The summary analysis for heart failure risk including six datasets from four studies showed that intake of one egg per day was associated with increased risk raising for higher intakes compared to no consumption [for 1 egg per day, SRR = 1.15 (95% CI:1.02; 1.30)]. After considering GRADE criteria for strength of the evidence, it was rated low for all outcomes but stroke, for which it was moderate (yet referring to no risk).

Conclusion
There is no conclusive evidence on the role of egg in CVD risk, despite the fact that higher quality studies are warranted to obtain stronger evidence for a possible protection of CVD associated with moderate weekly egg consumption compared to no intake; equally, future studies may strengthen the evidence for increased heart failure risk associated with high regular egg consumption.