bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salinity tolerance during early development of threatened Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis) to guide environmental watering
Authors: Stoessel Daniel J. , Fairbrother Peter S. , Fanson Ben G. , Raymond Scott M.C. , Raadik Tarmo A. , Nicol Michael D. , Johnson Lauren A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The worldwide reduction in wetlands has led to the large‐scale decline of wetland‐dependent species. In Australia, to redress some of the decline, partial restoration of the hydrology of a small number of wetlands has been attempted using allocations of environmental water.
A common goal of the watering is the maintenance and enhancement of native fish communities, which historically have included populations of the salt tolerant Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis), a small, short‐lived fish, endemic to the lower Murray–Darling Basin.
Despite the addition of environmental water to several sites at which the species is known to persist, populations continue to decline. This decline is, at least in part, suspected to be a consequence of salinities that conflict with the breeding ecology and survival of early life stages.
Here the effect of salinity on egg hatch rate and the upper salinity tolerance of larval and juvenile Murray hardyhead was determined under laboratory conditions. It was found that eggs were vulnerable to elevated salinities, whereas juveniles were capable of tolerating salinities up to 105 ppt.
Based on the results of the experiment, brackish wetlands managed for Murray hardyhead should be maintained, where possible, between 12 and 45 ppt. Such a salinity regime will necessitate less intensive management of salinity, and a reduced volume of environmental water, providing both environmental and fiscal benefits. The research highlights the benefits of investment in targeted research.
Differential expression of transcripts with potential relevance to chlorantraniliprole response in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Dumas Pascal , Sambou Mariama , Gaudet Josée D. , Morin Mathieu D. , Moffat Chandra E. , Boquel Sébastien , Jr Morin Pier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]) is an insect pest that can significantly harm potato plants worldwide. Control of this insect relies heavily on chemical insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole. Nevertheless, the complete molecular signature associated with response to this compound is lacking in L. decemlineata. In this study, amplification and quantification by qRT‐PCR (quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction) of targets relevant to chlorantraniliprole were undertaken in insects exposed to this chemical. This approach showed modulation of numerous cytochrome P450s, such as CYP350D1 and CYP4Q3, as well as upregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR‐1‐3p and miR‐305‐5p, in chlorantraniliprole‐exposed insects. Functional assessment of transcript targets predicted to be regulated by these miRNAs was performed and revealed their likely impact on transcriptional regulation. RNAi‐based targeting of CYP350D1 notably provided preliminary evidence of its underlying implication for chlorantraniliprole response in L. decemlineata. Overall, this study strengthens the current knowledge of the molecular changes linked to chlorantraniliprole response in L. decemlineata and provides novel targets with potential relevance to chlorantraniliprole susceptibility in this insect pest of global relevance.
Diarylprolinol‐Mediated Asymmetric Direct Cross‐Aldol Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehyde as an Electrophilic Aldehyde
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Nagai Kaito , Umemiya Shigenobu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe diarylprolinol‐mediated asymmetric direct cross‐aldol reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde as an electrophilic aldehyde was developed. The reaction becomes accelerated by an acid when a carbonyl group is introduced at the γ‐position of the α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde. Synthetically useful γ,δ‐unsaturated β‐hydroxy aldehydes were obtained with high anti‐selectivity and excellent enantioselectivity.
Evaluation of scientific complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor sensors for sky survey applications
Authors: Karpov Sergey , Bajat Armelle , Christov Asen , Prouza Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractScientific complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors are a modern alternative for typical charge‐coupled device detectors, as they offer low read‐out noise, large sensitive area, and high frame rates. All these make them promising devices for a modern wide‐field sky surveys. However, the peculiarities of CMOS technology have to be properly taken into account when analyzing the data. In order to characterize these, we performed extensive laboratory testing of Andor Marana scientific CMOS (sCMOS) camera. Here, we report its results, especially on the temporal stability and linearity, and compare it with the previous versions of Andor sCMOS cameras. We also present the results of an on‐sky testing of this sensor connected to a wide‐field lens and discuss its applications for astronomical sky surveys.
Transient detection capabilities of small satellite gamma‐ray detectors
Authors: Bagoly Zsolt , Balázs Lajos G. , Galgóczi Gábor , Ohno Masanori , Pál András , Řípa Jakub , Tóth L. Viktor , Werner Norbert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe new, small satellite‐based gamma‐ray detectors, like Cubesats Applied for MEasuring and Localizing Transients, will provide a new way to detect gamma transients in the multimessenger era. The efficiency and the detection capabilities of such a system will be compared with current missions, for example, Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (GBM). We used the Fermi GBM's observed short gamma‐ray burst light curves aggregated from observed discrete detector event for the simulation input. The corresponding direction‐dependent detector response matrices were used to generate photon counts and light curves around a simulated event, enabling to determine the statistics. This method can be used in the future for trigger algorithm and detector system development, and also to estimate the efficiency of the data analysis pipeline regarding the observable gamma‐ray bursts' parameters as well as other electromagnetic transients.
Konzeptionierung und Errichtung eines originalmaßstäblichen Parabolrinnenkollektors aus Hochleistungsbeton
Authors: Penkert Sebastian , Forman Patrick , Mark Peter , Schnell Jürgen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParabolrinnen sind die etablierteste Technologie konzentrierender solarthermischer Kraftwerke, welche die direkte solare Strahlung linienartig zur nachträglichen Stromerzeugung mittels Kraftwerksblock bündeln (Concentrated Solar Power). Bisherige Kollektoren bestehen überwiegend aus Stahlfachwerken, die parabolisch gekrümmte Spiegel punktartig stützen. Dabei entsteht eine Trennung von Trag‐ und Reflektorstruktur. Diese Separation wurde durch eine Betonschale mit einem kleinformatigen Demonstrator aus Hochleistungsbeton mit neuartiger Abrolllagerung aufgehoben [3]. Im Projekt ConSol („Concrete Solar Collector“) wurde von einem Konsortium unter Führung des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR) dieses konzeptionelle Design aufgegriffen und auf originalmaßstäbliche Parabolrinnen mit einer Aperturweite von 5,77 m und einer Gesamtlänge von 24 m weiterentwickelt. Dazu wurde eine verformungsoptimierte, filigrane Betonschale von nur i. M. 4,5 cm Dicke entwickelt, welche auf einer sichelförmigen Abrolllagerung der Sonne nachgeführt wird. Ein Kippen bzw. Abrutschen wird durch Betonverzahnungen verhindert. Die Nachführung gelingt über ein eigens entwickeltes Antriebssystem mit Kettenverbindungen und einer Leistung von nur 180 W. Eine Qualifizierung der optischen Wirksamkeit erfolgte mithilfe digitaler Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie.
Querkrafttragfähigkeit carbonbewehrter Betonbauteile ohne Querkraftbewehrung
Authors: Ghadioui Redouan El , Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFaserverstärkte Kunststoffe bzw. Faserverbundkunststoffe (FVK) als Bewehrung für Betonbauteile im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau gewinnen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Sie unterscheiden sich im Vergleich zu konventioneller Betonstahlbewehrung hinsichtlich des Elastizitätsmoduls, der hohen möglichen Zugfestigkeiten sowie des Verbundverhaltens. Wenn Betondruckversagen ausgeschlossen wird, verringert sich bei gleichem mechanischem Längsbewehrungsgrad und damit einhergehend gleicher Biegetragfähigkeit durch die hohe Zugfestigkeit der erforderliche Bewehrungsquerschnitt und damit auch der geometrische Längsbewehrungsgrad. Dieser Effekt führt zu einer verringerten Querkrafttragfähigkeit und vergrößerten Rissbreiten und ‐abständen.Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Betonbauteilen ohne Querkraftbewehrung vorgestellt und ausgewertet. Bei den Bauteilen handelt es sich zum einen um Bauteile mit plattenförmigem Querschnitt und textiler Carbonbewehrung und zum anderen um Balken mit Carbonstäben. Für einen direkten Vergleich zu konventionell bewehrten Bauteilen wurden Referenzversuche mit Betonstahl und vergleichbarem mechanischem Bewehrungsgrad durchgeführt. Neben einer detaillierten Beschreibung der Kennwerte der verwendeten Materialien sowie einem direkten Vergleich des Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens der Bauteile erfolgt eine Auswertung des Rissverhaltens. Abschließend wird der Einfluss des Bewehrungsgrads auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit dargestellt und die daraus resultierenden Schlussfolgerungen zusammengefasst.
Ancestral Eukaryotes Reproduced Asexually, Facilitated by Polyploidy: A Hypothesis
Authors: Maciver Sutherland K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe notion that eukaryotes are ancestrally sexual has been gaining attention. This idea comes in part from the discovery of sets of “meiosis‐specific genes” in the genomes of protists. The existence of these genes has persuaded many that these organisms may be engaging in sex, even though this has gone undetected. The involvement of sex in protists is supported by the view that asexual reproduction results in the accumulation of mutations that would inevitably result in the decline and extinction of such lineages. It is argued that this phenomenon can be obviated by polyploidy and that the “meiosis‐specific genes” are used in other processes, including polyploidy control and homologous recombination, independent of meiosis. These phenomena account for the finding that these genes are expressed in cultures devoid of apparent cell fusion events. Hence, it is also proposed that asexual, and not sexual, reproduction is the ancestral condition.
50 bp deletion in promoter superoxide dismutase 1 gene and increasing risk of cardiovascular disease in Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder cohort study
Authors: Darroudi Susan , Tajbakhsh Amir , Esmaily Habibollah , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Zamani Parvin , Sadabadi Fatemeh , Tayefi Maryam , Tayefi Batool , Fereydouni Narges , Mouhebati Mohsen , Akbari Sark Noushin , Avan Amir , Ferns Gordon A. , Mohammadpour Amir H. , Asadi Zahra , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the main mortality causes worldwide is considered to be affected by general oxidative stress and inadequacy antioxidant system. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a cytosolic antioxidant enzyme has a key role in neutralizing the excessive prooxidant by scavenging the super oxide anions. SOD1 polymorphic variants exhibit the altered activity properties. In the current study, we are aimed to investigate the association between the SOD1 polymorphism and CVD prevalence. A 6‐years case control follow up study was designed to genotype the 526 participants (311 controls and 215 cases) for studying the 50 bp INS/DEL polymorphism at SOD1 promoter gene and analyze their blood lipid profile and anthropometric characteristics. Among the two possible alleles of the SOD1 gene (Wild [W] and Mutant [M]) the meaningful association was detected between the Mutants’ frequency and the prevalence of CVD patients (p‐value <.001). The W and M allele refer to inserted and deleted 50 bp in the polymorphic site of the SOD1 promoter, respectively. The WM and MM genotypes' frequency which indicate the wild heterozygotes and Mutant homozygotes, respectively, were significantly correlated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (p‐value <.001). The present study has the potential to introduce the 50 bp INS/DEL polymorphism of SOD1 genotyping as a novel unique diagnostic approach for screening the high risk CVD.
Chemotherapy treatments, costs of care, and survival for patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer: A SEER‐Medicare study
Authors: Shao Changxia , He Jinghua , Kachroo Sumesh , Jin Fan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe effectiveness and costs of new treatments should be assessed in relation to existing practice. We describe treatments, survival and costs for advanced or metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients receiving systemic therapy in the period preceding the introduction of immunotherapies.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years, identified using linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare databases. Individuals with a new primary diagnosis of SCLC between January 2007 and December 2013 were followed until December 2014. Chemotherapy treatments, health care visits and costs (in 2016 USD), and survival were determined by line of therapy.ResultsA total of 11 812 patients were identified with SCLC. First‐line (1L) chemotherapy was received by 6509 (55.1%) patients, most (93.2%) with carboplatin‐ (71.0%) or cisplatin‐ (22.2%) based therapies, typically combined with etoposide (79.2%). Second‐ (2L) and third‐ (3L) line chemotherapies were received by 2238 (18.9%) and 679 (5.7%) patients, of which 48.4% and 30.9%, respectively, were platinum‐based. The median durations of 1L, 2L, and 3L carboplatin‐based therapies were 5.9, 4.8, and 5.4 months, respectively, and the corresponding durations of cisplatin‐based therapies were 5.3, 4.2, and 5.3 months. During 1L, 2L, and 3L chemotherapies, patients averaged 8.2, 7.4, and 7.3 health care visits per month, respectively, and incurred total mean health care costs of $60 223, $42 636, and $35 903 per patient, respectively. Median survival from the start of 1L, 2L, and 3L chemotherapy was 9.2, 6.0, and 5.7 months, respectively.ConclusionFirst‐line chemotherapy was primarily platinum‐based, and a plethora of different regimens was used for 2L and 3L chemotherapies. Median survival from the start of 1L chemotherapy was 9 months, with an associated health care cost of $60 000. These data highlight an unmet medical need among SCLC patients receiving systemic therapy.
Incidence rates of cardiovascular outcomes in a community‐based population of cancer patients
Authors: Masson Rajeev , Titievsky Lina , Corley Douglas A. , Zhao Wei , Lopez Alfredo R. , Schneider Jennifer , Zaroff Jonathan G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on the incidence of cardiovascular disease among cancer patients in the pre‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. Such data are important in order to contextualize the incidence of various cardiovascular outcomes among cancer patients enrolled in clinical trials of new agents and for postmarketing surveillance.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) population of cancer patients. The inclusion criterion was a KPNC Cancer Registry diagnosis of any of several selected solid and hematologic tumors between 1997 and 2009 not treated with a TKI. Endpoints were identified using ICD‐9 codes and included acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, stroke, cardiac arrest, hypertension, venous thromboembolism, all‐cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Event rates were calculated according to type of cancer and number of cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsThe study included almost 165 000 individuals with a broad variety of tumor types. The parent cohort was 54% female and 35% were ≥70 years old. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (14% of patients with solid tumors, 15% of patients with liquid tumors), dyslipidemia (33%, 31%), hypertension (50%, 49%), and smoking (35%, 32%) were common. The most frequent adverse outcomes were incident hypertension (26.8‐61.0 cases per 1000 person‐years, depending on the type of cancer), heart failure (9.4‐78.7), and acute coronary syndrome (2.6‐48.1). These event rates are high compared to what has been reported in prior KPNC cohort studies of patients without cancer. The rates of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and ischemic stroke increased with increasing numbers of cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionsIn a population of patients with cancer not exposed to TKIs, cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes are very common, regardless of cancer type. These data can inform the evaluation of potential excess cardiovascular risks from new interventions.
Antioxidant, Anti‐inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols Extracted from Chroogomphus rutilus
Authors: Zhang Ye , Lan Meng , Lü Jin‐Peng , Li Jing‐Feng , Zhang Kai‐Yue , Zhi Hui , Zhang Hui , Sun Jia‐Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChroogomphus rutilus is a rare fungal species that grows under pine trees and is now widely used as a functional food and pharmaceutical product. However, the chemical constituents and biological activities of Chroogomphus rutilus have been relatively limited. The present study aimed at determining the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents, biological activities and main phenolic compounds of Chroogomphus rutilus from different geographical origins at the stipe and pileus. The results suggested that Chroogomphus rutilus polyphenol extracts revealed a higher antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, and there were significant differences between samples from different locations and regions. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were significantly correlated with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, only the content of total flavonoids was significantly correlated with cytotoxicity, which means that the cytotoxicity of Chroogomphus rutilus polyphenol extracts may be regulated by flavonoids or other compounds. HPLC‐DAD analysis revealed that the main phenolic compound was protocatechuic acid, followed by baicalin, p‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, but comparing with the pileus extracts, the stipe extracts can be considered as a higher concentration of phenolic compounds. Therefore, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Chroogomphus rutilus polyphenol extracts could be due to the identified compounds. This study investigated a deep knowledge about the constituents and activities of Chroogomphus rutilus and provided the reference for its application in food and pharmaceutical.
Tandem Condensation‐Hydrogenation to Produce Alkylated Nitriles Using Bifunctional Catalysts: Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on MOF‐Derived Carbon
Authors: Huang Ao , Nie Renfeng , Zhang Biying , Pei Yuchen , Chen Minda , Behera Ranjan , Yu Jiaqi , Luan Xuechen , Hunter Nicholas T. , Ke Ming , Huang Wenyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTandem catalysis, which allows multiple steps of a reaction to take place without the need for separation and purification, is highly desired for the design of efficient and environmentally‐friendly chemical processes. Herein, the pyrolysis of UiO‐66‐NH2, an amino‐functionalized metal‐organic framework, produces nitrogen‐rich carbon‐ZrO2 composite (CN‐ZrO2). This composite is rich in basic sites and effectively catalyzes the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. After loading Pt nanoparticles onto this composite support, a tandem catalyst (Pt/CN‐ZrO2) is produced to be capable of the one‐step Knoevenagel condensation‐hydrogenation reaction to produce an alpha‐alkylated nitrile. The tandem catalyst exhibits >99 % aldehyde conversion and >99 % selectivity toward alpha‐alkylated nitrile under 1 MPa H2 at 80 °C. This catalyst could be reused for five times in the presence of malononitrile without significant deactivation and is versatile for one‐step condensation‐hydrogenation of various aldehydes. The good performance of Pt/CN‐ZrO2 could be ascribed to the synergistic interaction between Pt and CN‐ZrO2 composite supports that lead to the appropriate hydrogenation activity of supported Pt nanoparticles.
A Novel High‐Pressure Tin Oxynitride Sn2N2O
Authors: Bhat Shrikant , Wiehl Leonore , Haseen Shariq , Kroll Peter , Glazyrin Konstantin , Gollé‐Leidreiter Philipp , Kolb Ute , Farla Robert , Tseng Jo‐Chi , Ionescu Emanuel , Katsura Tomoo , Riedel Ralf 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report the first oxynitride of tin, Sn2N2O (SNO), exhibiting a Rh2S3‐type crystal structure with space group Pbcn. All Sn atoms are in six‐fold coordination, in contrast to Si in silicon oxynitride (Si2N2O) and Ge in the isostructural germanium oxynitride (Ge2N2O), which appear in four‐fold coordination. SNO was synthesized at 20 GPa and 1200–1500 °C in a large volume press. The recovered samples were characterized by synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction and single‐crystal electron diffraction in the TEM using the automated diffraction tomography (ADT) technique. The isothermal bulk modulus was determined as Bo=193(5) GPa by using in‐situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell. The structure model is supported by DFT calculations. The enthalpy of formation, the bulk modulus, and the band structure have been calculated.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Anionic Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Lithium Sulfonimidoyl Alkylidene Carbenoids With Organolithiums
Authors: Erdelmeier Irene , Won Joonghee , Park Steve , Decker Jürgen , Bülow Gerd , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Gais Hans‐Joachim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mechanistic platform for a novel nickel0‐catalyzed anionic cross‐coupling reaction (ACCR) of lithium sulfonimidoyl alkylidene carbenoids (metalloalkenyl sulfoximines) with organometallic reagents is reported herein, affording substituted alkenylmetals and lithium sulfinamides. The Ni0‐catalyzed ACCR of three different types of metalloalkenyl sulfoximines, including acyclic, axially chiral and exocyclic derivatives, with sp2 organolithiums and sp2 and sp3 Grignard reagents has been studied. The ACCR of metalloalkenyl sulfoximines with PhLi in the presence of the Ni0‐catalyst and precatalyst Ni(PPh3)2Cl2 afforded alkenyllithiums, under inversion of configuration at the C atom and complete retention at the S atom. In a combination of experimental and DFT studies, we propose a catalytic cycle of the Ni0‐catalyzed ACCR of lithioalkenyl sulfoximines. Computational studies reveal two distinctive pathways of the ACCR, depending on whether a phosphine or 1,5‐cyclooctadiene (COD) is the ligand of the Ni atom. They rectify the underlying importance of forming the key Ni0‐vinylidene intermediate through an indispensable electron‐rich Ni0‐center coordinated by phosphine ligands. Fundamentally, we present a mechanistic study in controlling the diastereoselectivity of the alkenyllithium formation via the key lithium sulfinamide coordinated Ni0‐vinylidene complex, which consequently avoids an unselective formation of an alkylidene carbene Ni‐complex and ultimately racemic alkenyllithium.