bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking During Pregnancy Among Immigrant Women With Same-Origin and Swedish-Born Partners
Authors: Urquia Marcelo L , Juarez Sol , Wall-Wieler Elizabeth , Hjern Anders 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Although ethnically mixed couples are on the rise in industrialized countries, their health behaviors are poorly understood. We examined the associations between partner’s birthplace, age at immigration, and smoking during pregnancy among foreign-born women.

Methods
Population-based register study including all pregnancies resulting in a livebirth or stillbirth in Sweden (1991–2012) with complete information on smoking and parental country of birth. We compared the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy between women in dual same-origin foreign-born unions (n = 213 111) and in mixed couples (immigrant women with a Swedish-born partner) (n = 111 866) using logistic regression. Swedish-born couples were used as a benchmark.

Results
The crude smoking rate among Swedish women whose partners were Swedish was 11%. Smoking rates of women in dual same-origin foreign-born unions varied substantially by birthplace, from 1.3% among women from Asian countries to 23.2% among those from other Nordic countries. Among immigrant groups with prevalences of pregnancy smoking higher than that of women in dual Swedish-born unions, having a Swedish-born partner was associated with lower odds of smoking (adjusted odds ratios: 0.72–0.87) but with higher odds among immigrant groups with lower prevalence (adjusted odds ratios: 1.17–5.88). These associations were stronger among women immigrating in adulthood, whose smoking rates were the lowest.

Conclusions
Swedish-born partners “pull” smoking rates of immigrant women toward the level of smoking of Swedish-born women, particularly among women arrived during adulthood. Consideration of a woman’s and her partner’s ethnic background and life stage at migration may help understand smoking patterns of immigrant women.

Implications
We found that having a Swedish-born partner is associated with higher rates of smoking during pregnancy among immigrants from regions where women smoke less than Swedish women, but with lower smoking rates among immigrants from regions where women smoke more. This implies that prevention efforts should concentrate on newly arrived single women from low prevalence regions, such as Africa and Asia, whereas cessation efforts may target women from high prevalence regions, such as other European countries. These findings suggest that pregnancy smoking prevention or cessation interventions may benefit from including partners and approaches culturally tailored to mixed unions.
Philoponus
Authors: Tuominen Miira 
Published: August 2020

John of Alexandria or John the Grammarian, known as John Philoponus (c. 490s–570s), was a philosopher and theologian in 6th-century Alexandria. He first wrote on language, for example on words the meaning of which changes by accent alone, and studied philosophy with Ammonius, son of Hermias and a student of Proclus (411–485). The nickname “lover of toil” might refer to Philoponus’ industriousness, but the epithet was also used of the members of a Christian guild or brotherhood. While Philoponus’ early studies on language are considered as philosophically unimportant, his commentaries and critical treatises show independence and critical acumen, and some of his central contributions have even been taken to anticipate Galileo’s and Descartes’s views. Philoponus started his philosophical career as a commentator on Aristotle, often writing on the basis of the lectures of his teacher Ammonius. However, he grew increasingly independent and took distance from Aristotle and from the Neoplatonism of Ammonius and Proclus. Philoponus’ most famous innovations in philosophy include the arguments for the creation of the universe ex nihilo, the new analysis of prime matter as three-dimensional extension, the explanation of projectile motion by impressed force (later to be called impetus), and the rejection of the fifth element as the matter of celestial bodies that allowed him to use a unified model for explaining both celestial and sublunary motion. As a Christian theologian, Philoponus understood the central notions of the Trinitarian controversy in agreement with the philosophical tradition. He combined this analysis with what has been called his “particularist ontology” according to which universal natures are abstractions and exist only in thought and the Monophysite interpretation of Christ having one nature that is a composite of humanity and divinity. Although Philoponus managed to produce a consistent solution to the problem of the Trinity, his view was interpreted as tritheistic, i.e., as introducing three Godheads to the Trinity, and condemned as heretic in Constantinople (680–681). While the anathema probably decreased Philoponus’ impact in the Christian West in the centuries after his death, his arguments about creation and eternity were influential in the Islamic world, and many Renaissance thinkers recognized his effect on them. In general, it is perhaps somewhat ironic that Philoponus is celebrated as a forerunner of modern natural science while his central innovations are in agreement with Christian doctrine.
Differentiating between Inherited and Autocrystic Zircon in Granitoids
Authors: Olierook Hugo K H , Kirkland Christopher L , Szilas Kristoffer , Hollis Julie A , Gardiner Nicholas J , Steenfelt Agnete , Jiang Qiang , Yakymchuk Chris , Evans Noreen J , McDonald Bradley J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInherited zircon, crystals that did not form in situ from their host magma but were incorporated from either the source region or assimilated from the wall-rock, is common but can be difficult to identify. Age, chemical and/or textural dissimilarity to the youngest zircon fraction are the primary mechanisms of distinguishing such grains. However, in Zr-undersaturated magmas, the entire zircon population may be inherited and, if not identifiable via textural constraints, can lead to erroneous interpretation of magmatic crystallization age and magma source. Here, we present detailed field mapping of cross-cutting relationships, whole-rock geochemistry and zircon textural, U–Pb and trace element data for trondhjemite, granodiorite and granite from two localities in a complex Archean gneiss terrane in SW Greenland, which reveal cryptic zircon inheritance. Zircon textural, U–Pb and trace element data demonstrate that, in both localities, trondhjemite is the oldest rock (3011 ± 5 Ma, 2σ), which is intruded by granodiorite (2978 ± 4 Ma, 2σ). However, granite intrusions, constrained by cross-cutting relationships as the youngest component, contain only inherited zircon derived from trondhjemite and granodiorite based on ages and trace element concentrations. Without age constraints on the older two lithologies, it would be tempting to consider the youngest zircon fraction as recording crystallization of the granite but this would be erroneous. Furthermore, whole-rock geochemistry indicates that the granite contains only 6 µg g–1 Zr, extremely low for a granitoid with ∼77 wt% SiO2. Such low Zr concentration explains the lack of autocrystic zircon in the granite. We expand on a differentiation tool that uses Th/U ratios in zircon versus that in the whole-rock to aid in the identification of inherited zircon. This work emphasizes the need for field observations, geochemistry, grain characterization, and precise geochronology to accurately determine igneous crystallization ages and differentiate between inherited and autocrystic zircon.
Labor Analgesia in a Patient with Severe Dystrophic Calcinosis Cutis
Authors: Wong Ashley V , Abcejo Arnoley S , Dahl Ashley R D , Sharpe Emily E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Calcinosis cutis is a condition characterized by pathologic calcium deposition into superficial dermal skin layers. It is often associated with an autoimmune disease. However, it may also occur after minor localized trauma and infection.

Description of Problem
We report a case of lumbar epidural placement of labor analgesia in a parturient with severe dystrophic calcinosis cutis without apparent complications.

Clinical Solution
We recommend fastidious optimization of epidural placement conditions for all patients who may be at high risk for neuraxial anesthesia, including consideration of ultrasound use, use of an experienced anesthesia provider for neuraxial placement, and placement in early labor. Additionally, judicious discussion of risks, benefits, and alternatives when obtaining informed consent is critical, ideally with the patient identified for a comprehensive visit in a preoperative obstetric anesthesia clinic before delivery.
Changes in Interventional Pain Physician Decision-Making, Practice Patterns, and Mental Health During the Early Phase of the SARS-CoV-2 Global Pandemic
Authors: Joyce Andrew A , Conger Aaron , McCormick Zachary L , Kendall Richard W , Wagner Graham , Teramoto Masaru , Cushman Daniel M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The novel coronavirus outbreak (SARS-CoV-2) began in late 2019 and dramatically impacted health care systems. This study aimed to describe the impact of the early phase of the pandemic on physician decision-making, practice patterns, and mental health.

Methods
An anonymous survey was distributed to physician members of the Spine Intervention Society (SIS) on March 24 and April 7, 2020. Respondents provided information regarding changes in clinical volume, treatment, and mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-4]) before April 10, 2020.

Results
Of the 1,430 individuals who opened the survey, 260 completed it (18.2%). Overall clinical and procedural volume decreased to 69.6% and 13.0% of prepandemic volume, respectively. Mean in-person clinic visits were reduced to 17.7% of total prepandemic clinic volume. Ongoing clinical visits were predominantly completed via telemedicine (video) or telephone (74.5%), rather than in-person (25.5%). Telemedicine and telephone visits represented 24.6% and 27.3% of prepandemic clinical volume, respectively. Respondents decreased in-person visits of select groups of high-risk patients by 85.8–94.6%. Significantly more providers reported increasing rather than decreasing prescriptions of the following medications: opioids (28.8% vs 6.2% of providers, P &lt; 0.001), muscle relaxants (22.3% vs 5.4%, P &lt; 0.001), neuropathic pain medications (29.6% vs 3.8%, P &lt; 0.001), and acetaminophen (26.2% vs 4.2%, P &lt; 0.001). Respondents’ mean PHQ-4 score was 3.1, with 19% reporting moderate or severe psychological distress. Several demographic factors were significantly associated with practice changes.

Conclusions
The novel coronavirus pandemic dramatically altered the practice and prescribing patterns of interventional pain physicians.
Validity and Reliability of the Computer-Administered Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring (ROOM) Tool
Authors: Picco Louisa , Middleton Melissa , Bruno Raimondo , Kowalski Michala , Nielsen Suzanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring (ROOM) tool measures outcomes with opioids using an established framework which includes domains such as pain, mood, opioid use disorder, alcohol use, and constipation. This study aims to validate and establish the test-retest reliability of the computer-administered ROOM tool.Design and SettingCross-sectional analysis of an online sample.SubjectsParticipants comprised those with chronic noncancer pain who regularly used prescription opioids.MethodsParticipants self-completed the online ROOM tool along with other validated measures (validation questionnaire), and those who were agreeable also completed the online test-retest questionnaire approximately two weeks later. Subcomponents of the ROOM tool (i.e., pain, mood, alcohol use, opioid use disorder, and constipation) were validated against longer measures of the same construct using Pearson correlation coefficients. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the stability of the ROOM tool over time.ResultsA total of 324 participants completed the validation questionnaire, of whom 260 also completed the test-retest questionnaire. The opioid use disorder domain showed good sensitivity (73.6) and specificity (75.8) against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, any opioid use disorder. All ROOM components showed moderate correlation (r = 0.55–0.73) with their longer counterparts. Test-retest reliability was fair (0.58–0.75), indicating that responses were relatively stable over time. Reliability did vary, however, based on the components being measured and how certain tools were scored.ConclusionThe computer-administered ROOM tool is a valid approach for brief monitoring of outcomes with prescribed opioids in primary care settings and appears to be acceptable to people who are using prescribed opioids for chronic pain.
Developing a cell-bound detection system for the screening of oxidase activity using the fluorescent peroxide sensor roGFP2-Orp1
Authors: Herzog P L , Borghi E , Traxlmayr M W , Obinger C , Sikes H D , Peterbauer C K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Accurate yet efficient high-throughput screenings have emerged as essential technology for enzyme engineering via directed evolution. Modern high-throughput screening platforms for oxidoreductases are commonly assisted by technologies such as surface display and rely on emulsification techniques to facilitate single-cell analysis via fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Empowered by the dramatically increased throughput, the screening of significantly larger sequence spaces in acceptable time frames is achieved but usually comes at the cost of restricted applicability. In this work, we tackle this problem by utilizing roGFP2-Orp1 as a fluorescent one-component detection system for enzymatic H2O2 formation. We determined the kinetic parameters of the roGFP2-Orp1 reaction with H2O2 and established an efficient immobilization technique for the sensor on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells employing the lectin Concanavalin A. This allowed to realize a peroxide-sensing shell on enzyme-displaying cells, a system that was successfully employed to screen for H2O2 formation of enzyme variants in a whole-cell setting.
The Association of Diabetes With Knee Pain Locations, Pain While Walking, and Walking Speed: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Alenazi Aqeel M , Alshehri Mohammed M , Alothman Shaima , Alqahtani Bader A , Rucker Jason , Sharma Neena K , Bindawas Saad M , Kluding Patricia M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Osteoarthritis (OA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) often coexist and can result in negative outcomes. DM can affect pain and walking speed in people with knee OA; however, the impact of DM on OA is understudied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diabetes and knee pain locations, pain severity while walking, and walking speed in people with knee OA.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was used. Data from 1790 individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (mean [SD] age = 69 [8.7] years) with knee pain were included and grouped into knee OA and diabetes (n = 236) or knee OA only (n = 1554). Knee pain locations were categorized as no pain, localized pain, regional pain, or diffuse pain. Knee pain during a 20-m walk test was categorized as no pain, mild, moderate, or severe knee pain. Walking speed was measured using the 20-m walk test. Multinomial and linear regression analyses were performed.

Results
Diabetes was associated with regional knee pain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.01–3.11). Diabetes was associated only with moderate (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.02–3.10) or severe (OR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.01–6.28) pain while walking. Diabetes was associated with decreased walking speed (B = −0.064; 95% CI = −0.09 to −0.03).

Conclusions
Diabetes was associated with regional knee pain but not with localized or diffuse knee pain and was associated with moderate to severe knee pain while walking and slower walking speed in people with knee OA.

Impact
Clinicians can use a knee pain map for examining knee pain locations for people with diabetes and knee OA. Knee pain during walking and walking speed should be screened for people with knee OA and diabetes because of the influence of diabetes on these parameters in this population.

Lay Summary
Diabetes might be associated with specific knee pain locations, pain during activities such as walking, and reduced walking speed in people with knee OA.
Characteristics of Professional Physical Therapist Faculty and Doctor of Physical Therapy Programs, 2008-2017: Influences on Graduation Rates and First-Time National Physical Therapy Examination Pass Rates
Authors: Dickson Tara , Taylor Barrett , Zafereo Jason 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Graduation rates and first-time National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) pass rates among Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs have ranged from 30% to 100% and 0% to 100% between 2008 and 2017, respectively. Prior studies on predictors of graduation rates and NPTE pass rates from DPT programs have used cross-sectional data and have not studied faculty data. This study sought to understand how trends in DPT faculty and program characteristics correlated with graduation rates and first-time NPTE pass rates.

Methods
This study was a retrospective panel analysis of yearly data from 231 programs between 2008 and 2017. Random effects models estimated the correlations between faculty and program characteristics regarding graduation rates and first-time NPTE pass rates.

Results
Graduation rates peaked when programs devoted 25% of faculty time, on average, to scholarship. The number of peer-reviewed publications was positively correlated with graduation rates; however, the trend was logarithmic, indicating a diminishing rise in graduation rates as the number of publications exceeded 1 per faculty full-time equivalent. Tenure-track status, faculty of color, and part-time faculty were all negatively correlated with first-time NPTE pass rates. However, these 3 trends are likely not meaningful, because the predicted rates of decline in pass rates were minimal.

Conclusions
Faculty engagement in scholarly activities can positively influence graduation rates, but only up to a certain level of faculty time devoted to scholarship.

Impact
This is the first study to provide data on the influence of faculty on DPT student outcomes and will help education programs develop strategies to improve those outcomes.
A first insight about spatial dimension of COVID-19: analysis at municipality level
Authors: Arauzo-Carod Josep-Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
This paper is about spatial patterns of by corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
Using data for the first 21 weeks from municipalities in Catalonia, we analyse whether reported positive cases appear randomly or following some kind of spatial dependence. Global and local measures of spatial autocorrelation are used.

Results
There are some clusters alongside Catalan municipalities that change over time.

Conclusions
Use of spatial analysis techniques is suggested to identify spatial disease patterns and to provide spatially disaggregated public health policy recommendations.
Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke in patients with renal dysfunction
Authors: Wang I-K , Yen T -H , Chen C -H , Hsu S -P , Sun Y , Lien L -M , Chang W -L , Lai T -C , Chen P -L , Chen C -C , Huang P -H , Lin C -H , Su Y -C , Lin M -C , Li C -Y , Sung F -C , Hsu C Y ,   Taiwan Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: August 2020

Summary

Objective
This study used the Taiwan Stroke Registry data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in treating acute ischemic stroke in patients with renal dysfunction.

Design
We identified 3525 ischemic stroke patients and classified them into two groups according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the emergency department: ≥60, and &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or on dialysis and by the propensity score from August 2006 to May 2015. The odds ratio of poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≥2) was calculated for patients with tPA treatment (N = 705), compared to those without tPA treatment (N = 2820), by eGFR levels, at 1, 3 and 6 months after ischemic stroke. We also evaluated the risks of intracerebral hemorrhage, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, mortality, between the two groups by eGFR levels.

Results
Among patients with eGFR levels of &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2, tPA therapy reduced the odds ratio of poor functional outcome to 0.60 (95% confidence interval = 0.42–0.87) at 6 months after ischemic stroke. The tPA therapy was not associated with increased overall risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. The low eGFR was not a significant risk factor of intracerebral hemorrhage among ischemic stroke patients receiving tPA treatment.

Conclusions
tPA for acute ischemic stroke could improve functional outcomes without increasing the risks of upper gastrointestinal bleeding for patients with or without renal dysfunction. The low eGFR was not a significant risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage among patients receiving tPA treatment.
Search for asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers during the pandemic: a Spanish experience
Authors: Olalla J , Correa A M , Martín-Escalante , M D , Hortas M L , Martín-Sendarrubias M J , Fuentes V , Sena , G , García-Alegría J ,   the ROBLE Group, Aguilera Alicia Jon , Al-Torgoman Alfonso , del Arco Ana M , Álvarez José A , Bernal Adolfo , Galán Julia M , Guzmán Inmaculada , López-Rodríguez Jairo , Luque Elena Martín , Bautista Milagros , Navarro María Ángeles , Onieva M , Ángeles Pérez-Aisa Christian , del Rio Francisco , Rivas Lucía , Robles Silvia , Soler Nicolás , Jiménez-García David , Sánchez-Megolla Ana I , Vallecillo  
Published: August 2020

Summary

Background
Asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 can be a vehicle for transmission of the infection. This fact is of particular importance in the case of healthcare workers (HCWs).

Design
Cross-sectional study in HCWs in a medium size hospital in the South of Spain.

Methods
Between 15 and 25 April 2020, naso- and oropharyngeal PCR determination was performed together with IgG and IgM antibody determination by immunochromatography to the HCWs of the Costa del Sol Hospital in Marbella of the units involved in patient care with COVID-19: Emergencies, Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Internal Medicine and Pneumology. Other units not directly involved in the care of these patients were offered to participate. On the day of sampling, a health questionnaire was answered, reporting symptoms on the same day and in the previous 14 days.

Results
Four hundred and ninety-eight HCWs were studied. Two individuals were detected with PCR for SARS-CoV2 positive. Both were asymptomatic on the day of sampling, but one of them had had a COVID-19 compatible picture in the previous two weeks and had positive IgG and IgM; therefore, only one subject was truly asymptomatic carrier (0.2%). Nine workers with positive IgG (1.8%) were detected.

Conclusions
The prevalence of asymptomatic carriers among health workers of the services directly involved in the care of patients with COVID-19 was very low in our center. This type of strategy can be one more tool in controlling the pandemic.