bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mechanics of Creep, Slow Slip Events, and Earthquakes in Mixed Brittle‐Ductile Fault Zones
Authors: Lavier Luc L. , Tong Xinyue , Biemiller James 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGeological observations show that fault zone composition varies and often accommodates a mixture of brittle and ductile deformation. There is growing evidence that the nature of this mixture may play an important role in determining whether the fault creeps steadily or slides in slow slip events (SSEs) and/or fast earthquakes. Using numerical experiments of slip events in a fault zone of finite thickness, we explore how the ratio of brittle to ductile material and the absolute friction change resulting from a variation in slip velocity, affect energy partitioning and slip behavior in brittle‐ductile mixtures. We treat brittle material as Mohr‐Coulomb elastoplastic and ductile material as Maxwell viscoelastic. We simulate velocity‐weakening () behavior in the brittle part of the mixture and velocity‐strengthening () behavior in the ductile part using a rate‐and‐state formulation dependent on plastic strain accumulation. We show that: (1) mixtures can exhibit multiple slip behaviors including earthquakes and slow slip, (2) highly brittle mixtures do not tend to generate SSEs while weakly brittle mixtures can generate slow slip over a wider range of compositions, (3) structural features formed during simulated creep, SSEs, and earthquakes share notable similarities with structures observed in natural fault zones. We find that slip‐synchronous strengthening in the ductile portion of the mixture controls whether a rupture propagates as SSEs of yearlong durations. Shorter duration SSEs occur when the length of the plastic shear segments formed during slip is similar to the characteristic weakening distance for an earthquake.
Removing Pb2+ with a pectin-rich fiber from sisal waste
Authors: Zhu Wei , Yang Jian , Hu Die , Wang Zhaomei 
Published: January 2021

A pectin-rich dietary fiber from sisal waste produced by a sequential enzymatic-ultrasonic process, was not only efficient in adsorbing Pb2+ from solution but also very useful in promoting Pb2+ excretion from the tissues of Pb2+-loading mice.
Recent Progress in the Gold-Catalyzed Annulations of Ynamides with Isoxazole Derivatives via α-Imino Gold Carbenes
Authors: Li Long , Ye Long-Wu , Luo Wen-Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring the past two decades, gold-catalyzed nitrene-transfer reactions via α-imino gold carbenes have received extensive attention, as this strategy provides rapid access to nitrogen-containing molecules with high efficiency. In this review, we focus on recent progress in gold-catalyzed formal annulations of ynamides with isoxazole derivatives as nitrene-transfer reagents via α-imino gold carbenes in atom-economic and rapid construction of N-heterocycles.
Ni(COD)(DMFU): A Heteroleptic 16-Electron Precatalyst for 1,2-Diarylation of Alkenes
Authors: Engle Keary M. , Kim Nana , Tran Van T. , Apolinar Omar , Wisniewski Steven R. , Eastgate Martin D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectron-deficient olefin (EDO) ligands are known to promote a variety of nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, presumably by accelerating the reductive elimination step and preventing undesired β-hydride elimination. While there is a growing body of experimental and computational evidence elucidating the beneficial effects of EDO ligands, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying coordination chemistry of the Ni–EDO species involved. In particular, most procedures rely on in situ assembly of the active catalyst, and there is a paucity of preligated Ni–EDO precatalysts. Herein, we investigate the 16-electron, heteroleptic nickel complex, Ni(COD)(DMFU), and examine the performance of this complex as a precatalyst in 1,2-diarylation of alkenes.
Synthesis of Amidine Derivatives by Intermolecular Radical ­Addition to Nitrile Groups of AIBN Derivatives
Authors: Bao Hongli , Su Min , Zhu Nengbo , Chiou Mong-Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA synthesis of amidine derivatives through intermolecular addition of nitrogen-centered radicals to nitriles is reported. Experimental studies and density functional theory calculations were conducted to probe the mechanism of this reaction. The results suggest that the alkyl nitriles are activated by attracting chlorine atoms and are subsequently attacked by nitrogen-centered radicals, resulting in the intermolecular radical addition of nitriles to amidines.
Brief intervention medication therapy management: Establishment of an opioid misuse intervention model delivered in a community pharmacy
Authors: Kenney Amy , Cox Nicholas , Bryan M Aryana , Cochran Gerald 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Medication expertise and close patient contact position community pharmacists to make significant contributions to combatting the opioid epidemic. This position facilitated the development and initial implementation of the Brief Intervention Medication Therapy Management (BIMTM) model to detect and address patient opioid misuse. BIMTM is an intervention consisting of 9 sessions. One medication management session is delivered by a pharmacist in a community pharmacy setting, and the remaining sessions are delivered telephonically by a patient navigator to follow up with goals established with the pharmacist and address concomitant health concerns that increase risk for misuse.

Methods
We employed the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to summarize and present key findings from 4 distinct studies. CFIR domains addressed were (1) intervention characteristics, (2) outer setting, (3) inner setting, (4) process, and (5) characteristics of individuals. The study results show sequential development of evidence for BIMTM.

Results
A multistate cross-sectional pharmacist survey (n = 739) demonstrated limited pharmacist training and/or resources to address misuse, suggesting the need for external intervention development. Our multistakeholder intervention planning project showed limitations of current evidence-based models of care and of intervention implementation, which resulted in construction of the BIMTM. A multisite cross-sectional screening survey of patients (n = 333) established an electronic misuse screening protocol within 4 community pharmacies and identified opioid misuse in 15% of screened patients; among those patients, 98% had concomitant health conditions that contribute to the risk of opioid misuse. Presentation of study results to pharmacy leaders produced commitment for intervention implementation and a partnership to develop a grant proposal supporting this action. Our small-scale randomized trial evinced success in recruitment and retention and BIMTM patient benefit. The small-scale randomized trial likewise showed high levels of satisfaction with BIMTM.

Conclusion
The establishment of BIMTM supports community pharmacist identification and intervention with patients engaged in misuse. Continued use of this research-based strategy may further empower pharmacists to address the opioid epidemic.
The substance use intervention team: A hospital-based intervention and outpatient clinic to improve care for patients with substance use disorders
Authors: Tran Tran H , Swoboda Henry , Perticone Katy , Ramsey Elisabeth , Thompson Hale , Hill Kristin , Karnik Niranjan S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
In response to the opioid crisis, public health advocates urge hospitals to perform substance use disorder (SUD) screening, brief intervention, discharge planning with referral to treatment, and naloxone education. Universal screening makes specialized treatment available to all patients and decreases stigma around SUDs, allowing patients and providers to address SUDs during their hospitalization. Additionally, hospital and emergency department–initiated medications to treat SUD improve patient engagement with treatment and decrease opioid use, and use of medications for opioid use disorder after nonfatal overdoses decreases mortality.

Summary
A substance use intervention team (SUIT) service was established to offer universal screening and consultation by an interdisciplinary team at our urban academic medical center. The SUIT program provides inpatient consultation services as well as medical and behavioral clinic visits to transition patients to long-term treatment and is comprised of physicians, nurse practitioners, a clinical pharmacist, social workers, and a nurse. Successes attributed to enhanced medication use as a function of having a designated pharmacist as an integral member of the team are highlighted. Our medical center initiated screening efforts in tandem with its interdisciplinary team and clinic. The team attempts to start appropriately selected patients with SUD on medications for SUD while hospitalized. From January through December 2018, 87.2% of patients admitted to the hospital received initial SUD screening. Of the patients who screened positive, 1,400 received a brief intervention by a unit social worker; the SUIT service was consulted on 880 patients, and multiple medications for SUD were started during inpatient care.

Conclusion
A screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment service was successfully implemented in our hospital, with the SUIT program in place to provide interdisciplinary addiction care and initiate medications for SUD in appropriate patients.
Investigation on the Influencing Factors of Mental Health of Healthcare Workers for Aid in Hubei during the Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Zhou Peng , Du Na , Diao Dongmei , OuYang Yingjie , Kankanam Pathiranage Heshan Sameera 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to determine the factors that were related to the psychological health status of healthcare workers aid for Hubei after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods
A total of 1260 participants completed the Self-Rating Scale of Sleep (SRSS), the Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), and the 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) via the online questionnaires, and their related experiences with COVID-19 were collected.

Results
The average SRSS score of all participants (25.13 ± 6.41) indicated a mild sleep problem, and the factors that influenced their sleep were the respondent’s gender, whether they had patients who died under their care, their history of psychosis and whether their family members were infected with COVID-19. The average GAD-7 score of all participants (12.37 ± 4.89) indicated a moderate anxiety level. The main factors that influenced anxiety were the respondent’s gender, years of work, history of psychosis, self-perceived health status, and whether their family members were infected with COVID-19. The average PHQ-9 score of all participants (8.90 ± 5.42) indicated a mild depression level. The primary factors that influenced depression were whether the respondent had nursed/treated severely ill patients in Hubei and whether they had a history of psychosis.

Conclusions
During the outbreak of COVID-19, the symptoms of anxiety were prominent among healthcare workers in Hubei. Moreover, male workers, those whose patients died during treatment, those with a history of anxiety disorders and those whose family members were infected with COVID-19 reported more serious problems. Therefore, this particular group of healthcare workers needs to be monitored and provided with tailored psychological support.
Prospective Longitudinal Serosurvey of Healthcare Workers in the First Wave of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic in a Quaternary Care Hospital in Munich, Germany
Authors: Weinberger Tobias , Steffen Julius , Osterman Andreas , Mueller Tonina T , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Wratil Paul R , Graf Alexander , Krebs Stefan , Quartucci Caroline , Spaeth Patricia M , Grabein Beatrice , Adorjan Kristina , Blum Helmut , Keppler Oliver T , Klein Matthias 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
High infection rates among healthcare personnel in an uncontained pandemic can paralyze health systems due to staff shortages. Risk constellations and rates of seroconversion for healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first wave of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are still largely unclear.

Methods
Healthcare personnel (n = 300) on different organizational units in the LMU Munich University Hospital were included and followed in this prospective longitudinal study from 24 March until 7 July 2020. Participants were monitored in intervals of 2 to 6 weeks using different antibody assays for serological testing and questionnaires to evaluate risk contacts. In a subgroup of infected participants, we obtained nasopharyngeal swabs to perform whole-genome sequencing for outbreak characterization.

Results
HCWs involved in patient care on dedicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wards or on regular non–COVID-19 wards showed a higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion than staff in the emergency department and non-frontline personnel. The landscape of risk contacts in these units was dynamic, with a decrease in unprotected risk contacts in the emergency department and an increase on non–COVID-19 wards. Both intensity and number of risk contacts were associated with higher rates of seroconversion. On regular wards, staff infections tended to occur in clusters, while infections on COVID-19 wards were less frequent and apparently independent of each other.

Conclusions
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection for frontline HCWs was increased during the first pandemic wave in southern Germany. Stringent measures for infection control are essential to protect all patient-facing staff during the ongoing pandemic.
Nutritional consequences of breeding away from riparian habitats in Bank Swallows: new evidence from multiple endogenous markers
Authors: Génier Corrine S V , Guglielmo Christopher G , Mitchell Greg W , Falconer Myles , Hobson Keith A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia), a threatened species in Canada, breeds primarily in banks at lakeshores and rivers and in artificial (typically inland) aggregate mining pits. Inland pits may be ecological traps for this species, but relative dietary trade-offs between these two nesting habitats have not been investigated. The availability of aquatic emergent insects at lakeshores may have associated nutritional benefits for growing nestlings due to increased omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) in prey. We compared the diets of juvenile swallows from lakeshore and inland pit sites using assays of stable isotope values (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H) of feathers, faecal DNA metabarcoding and blood plasma FAs. Colony proximity to Lake Erie influenced the use of aquatic versus terrestrial insects by Bank Swallow adults and juveniles. Feather δ2H was particularly useful as a tracer of aquatic emergent versus terrestrial prey, and inland juveniles had feathers enriched in 2H, reflective of diets composed of fewer aquatic emergent insects. DNA metabarcoding of juvenile and adult faecal material indicated that lakeshore birds consumed more aquatic-emergent chironomids than inland birds. Lakeshore juveniles had elevated plasma omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid levels compared with inland pit-breeding birds. We discuss the need to consider ‘nutritional landscapes’ and the importance of this concept in conservation of declining species and populations.
Self-Conscious Emotions and Esteem Support: The Effectiveness of Esteem Support in Alleviating State Shame and Guilt
Authors: Holmstrom Amanda J , Shebib Samantha J , Mazur Allison P , Mason Adam J , Zhang Lu , Allard Amanda , Boumis Josephine K 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis experiment examines state shame and guilt responses to esteem support messages, testing predictions derived from the cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages (CETESM). Participants (N = 852) chose one of eight hypothetical scenarios designed to induce shame and/or guilt. Next, participants were directed to a randomization of emotion-focused (EF) and problem-focused (PF) esteem support messages and were asked to rate how the message would affect their feelings of state shame and state guilt. EF messages were expected to alleviate feelings of shame more so than guilt, but results indicated that they did not consistently do so. However, as expected, PF messages were rated as more likely to alleviate feelings of guilt (in five of eight scenarios) than shame. When comparing the messages to each other, EF messages were rated as better at alleviating both shame and guilt compared to PF messages. Theoretical and pragmatic implications are discussed.
Approximation of singular solutions and singular data for Maxwell’s equations by Lagrange elements
Authors: Duan Huoyuan , Cao Jiwei , Lin Ping , Tan Roger C E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A Lagrange finite element method is proposed for Maxwell’s equations in Lipschitz domains. The method is suitable for the approximation of singular solutions lying outside $(H^1(\varOmega ))^3$, with nonhomogeneous singular boundary data in the tangential trace space of $H({\mathbf{curl}}; \varOmega )$ and a singular right-hand-side source term in $(H_0({\mathbf{curl}}; \varOmega ))^{\prime}$ (the dual space of $H_0({\mathbf{curl}}; \varOmega ))$. Numerical results are presented to illustrate performance and the theoretical results.
Risk of Sexually Transmitted Zika Virus in a Cohort of Economically Disadvantaged Urban Residents
Authors: Aguilar Ticona Juan P , Baig Huma , Nery Nivison , Doss-Gollin Simon , Sacramento Gielson A , Adhikarla Haritha , Muenker M Catherine , Wunder Elsio A , Nascimento Eduardo J M , Marques Ernesto T A , Reis Mitermayer G , Ko Albert I , Costa Federico 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To understand the disease burden of sexually transmitted Zika virus (ZIKV), we prospectively followed a cohort of 359 adult and adolescent residents of an urban community in Salvador, Brazil, through the 2015 ZIKV epidemic. Later, in 2017, we used a retrospective survey to associate sexual behavior during the epidemic with ZIKV infection as defined by immunoglobulin G3 NS1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that males who engaged in casual sexual encounters during the epidemic were more likely (adjusted odds ratio, 6.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.2–64.1]) to be ZIKV positive, suggesting that specific groups may be at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections.
Factors Affecting Numbers of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Captured by Ultraviolet Light Traps in a Large Retail Supermarket
Authors: Hogsette Jerome A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica L., is an international nuisance and vector of numerous pathogens that cause disease syndromes in humans and animals. In urban areas, fly exclusion is a major part of the pest management program at many commercial establishments. If flies elude the exclusion techniques, a system for fly management inside the building is the next line of defense. Permission was given to evaluate the fly management system consisting of 12 GT-180 and 6 MX-360 ultraviolet (UV) light traps inside of a large supermarket for 8 wk. GT-180 traps mounted 2 m high on walls captured significantly fewer flies than MX-360s, larger portable traps placed on the floor. Both glue boards in GT-180 traps captured similar fly numbers. In the MX-360 traps, mean fly numbers captured by the two vertically mounted glue boards combined were not significantly different from those captured by the single lower horizontal glue board. Changing from white to black glue boards significantly reduced fly numbers captured by both traps. Three of the six traps capturing the largest mean fly numbers were in the Bakery, followed by the Deli. A total of 3,626 house flies (453/week) was captured during the study. Changes in weekly fly populations inside the store were visibly obvious because fly numbers were so high. Difference in flies trapped because of trap location and height, and glue board color are further discussed.
Commentary: “How’s It Going?” Training Experiences of Pediatric Postdoctoral Fellows During COVID-19
Authors: Ghosh Shweta , David Jennie G , Amaro Christina M , Gaultney Wendy M , Schmidt Alexandra M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives and workplaces of individuals across the world substantially, in ways that are yet largely unknown. This commentary aims to provide an early snapshot of the experiences of pediatric postdoctoral fellows in academic medical settings; specifically, we will explore the impact of the pandemic on developing mastery within several competencies (e.g., research, professional development, clinical, interdisciplinary). These competencies are critical elements to fellowship to prepare for independent practice. Several models of training competencies for professional psychology and pediatric psychology exist, which focus on trainee skill development. Measures taken to minimize the spread of COVID-19 have directly impacted hospital systems and training, requiring programs to adapt competencies in various domains, such as increased familiarity with telehealth and virtual supervision. Additionally, fellows experienced an impact of the pandemic on securing employment following fellowship, conducting research and program development activities, and on cognitive flexibility and self-care. Governing bodies, such as the APA and Council of Chairs of Training Councils, have released statements and guidelines on addressing training of postdoctoral fellows including increasing flexibility of training methods, limiting in-person contact, and adjusting educational and licensing requirements. This paper offers informed commentary and diverse perspectives from current postdoctoral fellows engaged in a variety of clinical and research responsibilities regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their training. We hope this paper will provide important insight into the unique experiences of postdoctoral fellows during the capstone year(s) of training prior to independent work and inform recommendations for postdoctoral training programs.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Superhero Media on Young Children’s Risk-Taking Behaviors
Authors: Morgan Casie H , Morrongiello Barbara A , Schwebel David C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for American children, are caused by a range of psychosocial factors, including risk behavior. One factor that may impact child risk-taking is modeling of superhuman risk-taking from superhero media, both immediately following superhero exposure and based on lifetime exposure and engagement.

Methods
Fifty-nine 5-year-olds were randomly assigned to view either a 13-min age-appropriate superhero television show or a comparable nonsuperhero show. After the viewing, children engaged in three risk-taking measures: (a) activity room, unsupervised play for 5 min with assortment of apparently dangerous items that might encourage child risk-taking; (b) picture sort, 10 illustrations of children in risk situations, with participant response concerning intended risk-taking in that situation; and (c) vignettes, 10 stories presenting situations with varying degrees of risk, with participant response on intended choice. Parents completed questionnaires concerning children’s long-term superhero media exposure and individual superhero engagement (e.g., if child’s most recent Halloween costume was of a superhero). Correlations and regressions evaluated effects of immediate superhero exposure, lifetime superhero exposure, and lifetime superhero engagement on children’s risk-taking.

Results
Mixed results emerged. Lifetime superhero exposure was significantly related to children’s risk-taking outcomes in two bivariate (vignettes and picture sort) and one multivariate (picture sort) model. Neither immediate superhero exposure nor lifetime superhero engagement was strongly related to risk-taking.

Conclusions
Children’s lifetime superhero exposure may influence children’s risk-taking. Given American children’s substantial media exposure, research should continue to unpack the role of superhero media on children’s unintentional injury and other health risk behaviors.