bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Normativity of Nietzsche's Will to Power
Authors: Dunkle Ian D. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
A prominent tradition in Nietzsche scholarship reads his views about will to power as a psychological thesis and his claims about the value of power as an attempt to derive normativity from psychological necessity. This article shows that these interpretations have failed to articulate a cogent reading faithful to Nietzsche's texts, and so casts doubt on such an approach. My argument bears not only on how we read Nietzsche, but also on the viability of one recent constitutivist theory. After presenting these critical arguments, I consider an original interpretation of will to power in terms of the motivation to grow. This revised interpretation, however, still fails to support the derivation of normativity. Thus, I conclude we should look elsewhere for Nietzsche's normative argument.
A Nietzsche for Our Times? Andrew Huddleston on Nietzsche on the Decadence and Flourishing of Culture
Authors: Gjesdal Kristin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This article, a version of which was presented in January 2020 to the North American Nietzsche Society at the American Philosophical Association Eastern Division Meeting, is a commentary on Andrew Huddleston's 2019 monograph, Nietzsche on the Decadence and Flourishing of Culture. While praising Huddleston's balancing of systematic and critical scholarship, the article also takes up the wider framework in which Nietzsche's contribution should be understood and the possible limitations to his philosophical contribution.
Nietzsche on the Decadence and Flourishing of Culture: Reply to Critics
Authors: Huddleston Andrew 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This article was presented in January 2020 to the North American Nietzsche Society at the American Philosophical Association Eastern Division Meeting as part of a book symposium on Andrew Huddleston's Nietzsche on the Decadence and Flourishing of Culture (2019). Here the author replies to critical commentaries by Kristin Gjesdal and Jacqueline Scott.
The Occurrence and Origin of Pentlandite-Chalcopyrite-Pyrrhotite Loop Textures in Magmatic Ni-Cu Sulfide Ores
Authors: Barnes Stephen J. , Taranovic Valentina , Schoneveld Louise E. , Mansur Eduardo T. , Le Vaillant Margaux , Dare Sarah , Staude Sebastian , Evans Noreen J. , Blanks Daryl 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pentlandite is the dominant Ni-hosting ore mineral in most magmatic sulfide deposits and has conventionally been interpreted as being entirely generated by solid-state exsolution from the high-temperature monosulfide solid solution (MSS) (Fe,Ni)1–xS. This process gives rise to the development of loops of pentlandite surrounding pyrrhotite grains. Recently it has been recognized that not all pentlandite forms by exsolution. Some may form as the result of peritectic reaction between early formed MSS and residual Ni-Cu–rich sulfide liquid during differentiation of the sulfide melt, such that at least some loop textures may be genuinely magmatic in origin. Testing this hypothesis involved microbeam X-ray fluorescence mapping to image pentlandite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite intergrowths from a range of different deposits. These deposits exemplify slowly cooled magmatic environments (Nova, Western Australia; Sudbury, Canada), globular ores from shallow-level intrusions (Norilsk, Siberia), extrusive komatiite-hosted ores from low and high metamorphic-grade terranes, and a number of other deposits. Our approach was complemented by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of palladium in varying textural types of pentlandite within these deposits. Pentlandite forming coarse granular aggregates, together with loop-textured pentlandite where chalcopyrite also forms part of the loop framework, consistently has the highest Pd content compared with pentlandite clearly exsolved as lamellae from MSS or pyrrhotite. This is consistent with much of granular and loop pentlandite being formed by peritectic reaction between Pd-rich residual sulfide liquid and early crystallized MSS, rather than forming entirely by subsolidus grain boundary exsolution from MSS, as has hitherto been assumed. The wide range of Pd contents in pentlandite in individual samples reflects a continuum of processes between peritectic reaction and grain boundary exsolution. Textures in metamorphically recrystallized ores are distinctly different from loop-textured ores, implying that loop textures cannot be regenerated (except in special circumstances) by metamorphic recrystallization of original magmatic-textured ores. The presence of loop textures can therefore be taken as evidence of a lack of penetrative deformation and remobilization at submagmatic temperatures, a conclusion of particular significance to the interpretation of the Nova deposit as having formed synchronously with the peak of regional deformation at temperatures within the sulfide melting range.
The Nature and Composition of the J-M Reef, Stillwater Complex, Montana, USA
Authors: Christopher Jenkins M. , Mungall James E. , Zientek Michael L. , Holick Paul , Butak Kevin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this contribution, we analyze 30 years of mine development data and quantitatively identify the processes that control the grade and tenor of the mineralized rock. An assay database of more than 60,000 samples was used to examine variations in ore grade and tenor of the sulfide mineralization in the J-M reef horizon of the Stillwater Complex along the strike and down the dip of the deposit in the area of the Stillwater mine. We compare these results with data from the East Boulder mine and whole-rock lithogeochemistry of samples collected along the entire strike length of the complex. We find significant variation in the composition of the reef sulfides in different spatial domains of the Stillwater mine area and between the Stillwater and East Boulder mines. Most of the variation in the grade and tenor can be explained by a variation in the mass of silicate magma with which the sulfide liquid equilibrated (i.e., R factor); however, geochemical and textural evidence suggests that parts of the reef may have experienced significant S loss following initial sulfide melt segregation. Some variability in the reef tenor and grade can be attributed to variable amounts of sulfur loss due to low-temperature hydrothermal fluids and the overestimation or underestimation of metal concentrations in reef assays due to the nugget effect. Furthermore, we address the Pd/Pt ratio of the reef samples and suggest that the lower solubility of Pt in the parental silicate melt may have caused the crystallization and removal of Pt alloys at some point before the melt reached sulfide saturation and Pt could partition into the sulfide liquid. This disparity between the prior evolution of Pt and Pd in the silicate melt resulted in the observed Pd/Pt ratio of ~3.65 across all areas of the reef—a value significantly larger than anticipated for primitive mantle-derived magmas.
Advancements in Optical Data Transmission and Security Systems
Authors: Domb Menachem 
Published: November 2020

Optical Communication (OC) for data transmission was introduced more than 30 years ago. It employs two main technologies, fiber optics using a physical wire and Free Space Optical (FSO) wireless transmission. Fiber optics has been well developed over the years in terms of distance, bandwidth, speed, reliability, and other enhancements that contribute to its use. Recent developments in FSO transmission has made it the mainstream and a better alternative compared to RF wireless transmission, concerning all parameters. In this chapter, we focus on advancements in OC that represent innovative ideas of how to enable new methods of secured optical data transmission in different ways and not simply as an extension to current methods and technologies.
Deux conditions et deux mécanismes pédagogiques favorables à la réflexion conduisant à des mobilisations et changements : étude du cas d’un cours universitaire en éducation relative à l’environnement
Authors: Boelen Virginie , Chaubet Philippe 
Published: November 2020

Dans un monde en crise environnementale, quelles conditions et quels mécanismes mis en place dans un cours universitaire permettent de stimuler la réflexion chez l’étudiant de façon à modifier sa manière de voir le monde et d’engager son pouvoir d’action? Quand l’avenir de l’espèce humaine et de son écosystème est en jeu, comment favoriser l’engagement écocitoyen? Ces questions sont considérées dans un cours universitaire d’éducation relative à l’environnement (ERE) destiné à éveiller les consciences et à susciter l’action réfléchie. Nous analysons un cas : les effets d’un cours spécifique d’une université du Québec. La méthode utilisée pour répondre au questionnement est l’ingénierie inverse appliquée à la réflexion. Elle reconstruit à rebours les conditions qui ont su stimuler la réflexion sur la pratique chez l’étudiant, conditions qui semblent avoir joué un rôle clé dans de nouvelles façons d’appréhender l’ERE et de vouloir y agir. Une comparaison des résultats de cette étude avec ceux obtenus dans le cadre d’autres formations universitaires, puis avec la littérature spécialisée dans le domaine des pratiques réflexives permet d’en valider la pertinence ainsi que celle de l’approche méthodologique innovante de l’ingénierie inverse de cours universitaires. L’article, enfin, rend compte de pédagogies universitaires favorables à la réflexion en tant que source de mobilisation et d’engagement, et contributrices au développement de compétences dans l’enseignement supérieur.
Interruptions versus breaks: The role of cue utilisation in a simulated process control task
Authors: Falkland Emma C. , Wiggins Mark W. , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough interruptions and breaks are similar insofar as they both offer a momentary recess from the primary task, the premise for the activity in which the operator engages differs. Interruptions impose the requirement to direct resources to complete a task, while breaks offer the opportunity for suspended goal rehearsal. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in resumption lags following “interruptions” and “breaks,” and whether cue utilisation moderates this relationship. Seventy‐nine university students completed an assessment of cue utilisation and managed scheduled and unscheduled interruptions and breaks during a 35‐min rail control simulation. The analyses revealed that participants who recorded higher cue utilisation recorded shorter resumption lags following scheduled, rather than unscheduled interruptions. Participants who recorded lower cue utilisation recorded shorter resumption lags following breaks compared to interruptions, irrespective of the administration. The results suggest that scheduled interruptions and breaks offer the opportunity for suspended goal rehearsal.
From Thermal Energy to Kinetic Energy: Droplet Motion Triggered by the Leidenfrost Effect
Authors: Wang Guanqi , McDonough Jonathan R. , Zivkovic Vladimir , Long Teng , Wang Steven 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen a liquid is dropped on a surface significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point, a vapor film forms beneath the droplet creating an insulation layer sufficient enough to prevent the droplet from rapidly boiling. This phenomenon is known as the Leidenfrost effect, and enables droplets to survive for up to several minutes before fully evaporating. Solids are similarly able to levitate due to sublimation. Furthermore, a liquid droplet placed on a heated flat surface moves randomly, but on a ratcheted substrate, will self‐propel and move unidirectionally along the ratchets. Such a system with no other external energy fields applied is designated a Leidenfrost self‐propulsion device, first introduced by Linke et al. Given the ability of such an arrangement to effectively convert thermal energy into kinetic energy, numerous studies have subsequently attempted to understand and refine the control of motion of the levitated droplets/solids. This review addresses the fundamental understanding of this “heat‐to‐motion” mechanism, where the main focus is conversion of thermal energy into kinetic energy through the unique Leidenfrost self‐propulsion mechanism. Potential applications of Leidenfrost self‐propulsion devices are also discussed, including a brief outlook for the future of this research field.
Bispecific Antibody Inhalation Therapy for Redirecting Stem Cells from the Lungs to Repair Heart Injury
Authors: Liu Mengrui , Lutz Halle , Zhu Dashuai , Huang Ke , Li Zhenhua , Dinh Phuong‐Uyen C. , Gao Junqing , Zhang Yi , Cheng Ke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStem cell therapy is a promising strategy for cardiac repair. However, clinical efficacy is hampered by poor cell engraftment and the elusive repair mechanisms of the transplanted stem cells. The lung is a reservoir of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and a major biogenesis site for platelets. A strategy is sought to redirect lung resident stem cells to the injured heart for therapeutic repair after myocardial infarction (MI). To achieve this goal, CD34‐CD42b platelet‐targeting bispecific antibodies (PT‐BsAbs) are designed to simultaneously recognize HSCs (via CD34) and platelets (via CD42b). After inhalation delivery, PT‐BsAbs reach the lungs and conjoined HSCs and platelets. Due to the innate injury‐finding ability of platelets, PT‐BsAbs guide lung HSCs to the injured heart after MI. The redirected HSCs promote endogenous repair, leading to increased cardiac function. The repair mechanism involves angiomyogenesis and inflammation modulation. In addition, the inhalation route is superior to the intravenous route to deliver PT‐BsAbs in terms of the HSCs’ homing ability and therapeutic benefits. This work demonstrates that this novel inhalable antibody therapy, which harnesses platelets derived from the lungs, contributes to potent stem cell redirection and heart repair. This strategy is safe and effective in a mouse model of MI.
Efficient Lithium Growth Control from Ordered Nitrogen‐Chelated Lithium‐Ion for High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Sim Woo Hyeong , Jeong Hyung Mo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal has attracted significant attention as next‐generation anode material owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential. For enabling the practical application of Li‐metal as an anode according to energy demands, suppressing dendrite growth by controlling the Li‐ion (Li+) is crucial. In this study, metal–organic frameworks comprising bipyridinic nitrogen linker (M‐bpyN) are proposed as 3‐dimensional (3D) Li guiding matrix. The proposed approach creates ordered electronegative functional sites that enable the preoccupied Li+ in the ordered bipyridine sites to produce isotropic Li growth. The Li guiding matrix containing 3D ordered bipyridinic N sites introduces preoccupied Li+ sites that attract the Li growth direction, thereby suppressing the dendrite growth during the electrodeposition of Li. After applying the M‐bpyN layers, stable lifespan of up to 900 cycles in the Li|M‐bpyN|Cu cell and over 1500 h of operation in the Li|M‐bpyN|Li symmetric cell is achieved. Moreover, the Li|M‐bpyN|LiFePO4 configuration shows a long cycle retention of 350 cycles at 0.5 C. These results indicate that an M‐bpyN Li guiding matrix, which enables a uniform Li+ flux by 3D ordered Li+‐chelating sites, serve as a suitable host for Li+ and enhance the performance of Li‐metal electrodes.
Highly Active Cooperative Lewis Acid—Ammonium Salt Catalyst for the Enantioselective Hydroboration of Ketones
Authors: Titze Marvin , Heitkämper Juliane , Junge Thorsten , Kästner Johannes , Peters René 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnantiopure secondary alcohols are fundamental high‐value synthetic building blocks. One of the most attractive ways to get access to this compound class is the catalytic hydroboration. We describe a new concept for this reaction type that allowed for exceptional catalytic turnover numbers (up to 15 400), which were increased by around 1.5–3 orders of magnitude compared to the most active catalysts previously reported. In our concept an aprotic ammonium halide moiety cooperates with an oxophilic Lewis acid within the same catalyst molecule. Control experiments reveal that both catalytic centers are essential for the observed activity. Kinetic, spectroscopic and computational studies show that the hydride transfer is rate limiting and proceeds via a concerted mechanism, in which hydride at Boron is continuously displaced by iodide, reminiscent to an SN2 reaction. The catalyst, which is accessible in high yields in few steps, was found to be stable during catalysis, readily recyclable and could be reused 10 times still efficiently working.
Photoacoustic Cavitation‐Ignited Reactive Oxygen Species to Amplify Peroxynitrite Burst by Photosensitization‐Free Polymeric Nanocapsules
Authors: Wang Zhixiong , Zhan Meixiao , Li Weijie , Chu Chengyan , Xing Da , Lu Siyu , Hu Xianglong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) technology can transform light energy into acoustic wave, which can be used for either imaging or therapy that depends on the power density of pulsed laser. Here, we report photosensitizer‐free polymeric nanocapsules loaded with nitric oxide (NO) donors, namely NO‐NCPs, formulated from NIR light‐absorbable amphiphilic polymers and a NO‐releasing donor, DETA NONOate. Controlled NO release and nanocapsule dissociation are achieved in acidic lysosomes of cancer cells. More importantly, upon pulsed laser irradiation, the PA cavitation can excite water to generate significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical (O2.−), which further spontaneously reacts with the in situ released NO to burst highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in cancer cells. The resultant ONOO− generation greatly promotes mitochondrial damage and DNA fragmentation to initiate programmed cancer cell death. Apart from PA imaging, PA cavitation can intrinsically amplify reactive species via photosensitization‐free materials for promising disease theranostics.
Unexpected Elasticity in Assemblies of Glassy Supra‐Nanoparticle Clusters
Authors: Yin Jia‐Fu , Zheng Zhao , Yang Junsheng , Liu Yuchu , Cai Linkun , Guo Qing‐Yun , Li Mu , Li Xinpei , Sun Tao Lin , Liu Geng Xin , Huang Caili , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Russell Thomas P. , Yin Panchao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGranular materials, composed of densely packed particles, are known to possess unique mechanical properties that are highly dependent on the surface structure of the particles. A microscopic understanding of the structure‐property relationship in these systems remains unclear. Here, supra‐nanoparticle clusters (SNPCs) with precise structures are developed as model systems to elucidate the unexpected elastic behaviors. SNPCs are prepared by coordination‐driven assembly of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with metal‐organic polyhedron (MOP). Due to the disparity in sizes, the POSS‐MOP assemblies, like their classic nanoparticles counterparts, ordering is suppressed, and the POSS‐MOP mixtures will vitrify or jam as a function of decreasing temperature. An unexpected elasticity is observed for the SNPC assemblies with a high modulus that is maintained at temperatures far beyond the glass transition temperature. From studies on the dynamics of the hierarchical structures of SNPCs and molecular dynamic simulation, the elasticity has its origins in the interpenetration of POSS‐ended arms. The physical molecular interpenetration and inter‐locking phenomenon favors the convenient solution or pressing processing of the novel cluster‐based elastomers.
Comparison of Oil Soluble Green Tea Extract with Common Antioxidantive Ingredients in Bulk Oil under Different Storage Conditions
Authors: Shen Chia‐Yu , Ankolekar Chandra , Ban Lan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe antioxidant capability of oil‐soluble green tea extract (OSGT) in canola oil was compared to common synthetic and plant‐derived ingredients with antioxidant function. Three storage conditions were included—22–25 °C ambient, 60 °C heated and air‐purging at 22–25 °C. The oxidation process was monitored by electron spin resonance spectroscopy for free radicals, peroxide value for primary oxidative byproducts, proton nuclear magnetic resonance for the loss of oxidatively labile protons, aldehydes as secondary oxidative byproducts and antioxidants residues. Except for tocopherols, the use of antioxidant ingredients improved the stability of the oils under all conditions. However, the extent of improvement differed under different storages for the same ingredients. Evaluating antioxidant ingredients and interpretation of data when using accelerated conditions need caution. Antioxidant level change under different storage conditions provide new insights on the mechanism working of antioxidants in bulk oil. OSGT has comparable performance to TBHQ under ambient temperature conditions. In conclusion, evaluating antioxidant ingredients under accelerated conditions needs caution. Oil‐soluble green tea extract has comparable antioxidative performance to TBHQ in bulk vegetable oil systems without affecting organoleptic properties of the oils under ambient temperature regardless of temperature or oxygen levels.
Mechanical behavior and molecular orientation of polycarbonate plates prepared by press‐induced deformation
Authors: Wang Bolun , Wang Tao , Ge Yong , Lang Jianlin , Sun Qiwei , Chen Yuhong , Yan Yue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThrough a uniaxial hot compression method, polycarbonate (PC) plates were self‐reinforced effectively by press‐induced deformation. Relationships between macroscopic mechanical properties including tensile, impact as well as viscoelastic properties, and microscopic status such as morphologies and orientation were obtained in deformed PC plates. Results showed that PC plates which were compressed at appropriate temperatures (20°C–120 °C) obtained simultaneous enhancements in tensile strength (28%), elastic modulus (38%) and impact strength (700%), compared with the original plate. The impact fracture morphologies of deformed PC plates revealed evident ductile breakage. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction investigations were conducted to attribute mechanical behavior to molecular segment orientation, which was more sensitive to temperature. Self‐reinforced mechanism was proposed to analyze the high correlation between various orientations of molecular segments and corresponding mechanical performance, explained by storage and loss moduli in dynamic mechanical analysis as supplemental verification. Press‐induced deformation was proved to be a potentially effective method for the self‐reinforcement treatment for PC transparent products.
Stability analysis in terms of two measures for impulsive switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Wang Zhichuang , Feng Weizhen , Ba Hezhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of stability in terms of two measures for impulsive switched nonlinear systems. By using multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs), we establish some sufficient conditions of all kinds of stability in terms of two measures for impulsive switched nonlinear systems. Moreover, the derivatives of MLF in our results only satisfy the corresponding conditions in a circular region. Meanwhile, the proposed results also improve the related existing results on the same topic by removing some restrictive conditions. Finally, some illustrative examples are presented to verify the validity of our proposed methods.