bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Early Stage Disease Progression and Anticoagulants: Investigation Rationale, Challenges and Difficulties
Authors: Mendoza Erika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has changed the world and will keep us breathless for some time, still. Soon after the start of the disease in Wuhan and later in Italy and Spain, it became clear, that thromboses of arteries and veins played an important role in the severe cases.The present article parts from the hypothesis, that patients suffering from COVID-19 could benefit from low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in prophylactic dose or aspirin, if applied in early stages of the disease. LMWH prevent venous and ASS arterial thromboses. Different study approaches are proposed in the article. The difficulties to run a study like this, applying anti aggregation or anticoagulation to patients in early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed, especially considering, that the medicaments are cheap and no industry will have any interest in sponsoring.Most of the studies in corona disease are run in hospitals, where everybody fights to save critically ill patients. Very little investigation was done until now in pre-clinic patients. Mostly, because in lot of countries the testing was performed when admitted to hospital. Perhaps – even without a study – the evidence of thrombosis in the disease progression should lead to a D-Dimer testing after infection. The German Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH) has recommended to consider administering heparin generously in COVID-19 ambulatory patients already in April 2020. Thus, in patients with little symptoms it would be possible to start early with LMWH in prophylactic dose in case of increased D-Dimer.
Diterpenoids from Leaves of Cultivated Plectranthus ornatus
Authors: Mesquita Lidivânia Silva Freitas , Matos Taynara Simão , Ávila Fábio do Nascimento , Batista Alison da Silva , Moura Andréa Felinto , de Moraes Manoel Odorico , da Silva Matheus Carlos Matos , Ferreira Talles Luann Abrantes , Nascimento Nilberto Robson Falcão , Monteiro Norberto Kássio Vieira , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia Loiola 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo new diterpenoid derivatives 7α,12β,17-triacetoxy-6β,19-dihydroxy-13β,16-spirocicloabiet-8-ene-11,14-dione (1) and 6β-acetoxy-3β,7α,12α-trihydroxy-13β,16-spirocicloabiet-8-ene-11,14-dione (2) along with 11 (3–13) miscellaneous compounds were isolated from the leaves of Plectranthus ornatus Codd. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and gauge independent atomic orbitals 13C NMR calculations. The isolated compounds were screened for their effects on intestinal motility using guinea-pig ileum and duodenum and by their cytotoxicity against 4 human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, SF-295, PC-3, and HL-60). Compounds 6 and 9 were moderately cytotoxic against HL-60, whereas 6 and 13 were more active on SF-295 and HCT-116.
Recent Applications of Continuous Flow in Homogeneous Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Koóš Peter , Markovič Martin , Lopatka Pavol , Gracza Tibor 
Published: August 2020

Considerable advances have been made using continuous flow chemistry as an enabling tool in organic synthesis. Consequently, the number of articles reporting continuous flow methods has increased significantly in recent years. This review covers the progress achieved in homogeneous palladium catalysis using continuous flow conditions over the last five years, including C–C/C–N cross-coupling reactions, carbonylations and reductive/oxidative transformations.1	Introduction2	C–C Cross-Coupling Reactions3	C–N Coupling Reactions4	Carbonylation Reactions5	Miscellaneous Reactions6	Key to Schematic Symbols7	Conclusion
Tumoral Calcinosis: Case Report and Review
Authors: Vaghasiya Piyush , Shetty Lathika , Shetty Molahalli Shantharam , Kumar Muthur Ajith 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTumoral calcinosis (TC) is an uncommon disorder characterized by the deposition of calcium phosphate in periarticular tissues. TC has been a controversial clinico-pathological entity first described in 1943. The calcium deposits are usually present in the large joints such as the hips and shoulders. Patients often present with localized swelling and reduced mobility around the involved joints which interfere with activities of daily living. A 12-year-old boy presented at our clinic with a painful swelling around his left elbow joint with 6-month duration over which the swellings progressively increased. Radiological imaging identified a soft tissue calcified mass present around both elbow joints. Excision and biopsy of the left elbow demonstrated a tumor consisting of myxoid material with multiple areas of calcification with a well-defined capsule. Microscopy confirmed typical features of TC. We present our case report due to unusual clinical presentation noted in this case.
A practical guideline how to tackle interdisciplinarity—A synthesis from a post-graduate group project
Authors: Kluger Max Oke , Bartzke Gerhard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe comprehensive understanding of increasingly complex global challenges, such as climate change induced sea level rise demands for interdisciplinary research groups. As a result, there is an increasing interest of funding bodies to support interdisciplinary research initiatives. Attempts for interdisciplinary research in such programs often end in research between closely linked disciplines. This is often due to a lack of understanding about how to work interdisciplinarily as a group. Useful practical guidelines have been provided to overcome existing barriers during interdisciplinary integration. Working as an interdisciplinary research group becomes particularly challenging at the doctoral student level. This study reports findings of an interdisciplinary group project in which a group of doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers from various disciplines faced the challenges of reconciling natural, social, and legal aspects of a fictional coastal environmental problem. The research group went through three phases of interdisciplinary integration: (1) comparing disciplines, (2) understanding disciplines, and (3) thinking between disciplines. These phases finally resulted in the development of a practical guideline, including five concepts of interactive integration. A reflective analysis with observations made in existing literature about interdisciplinary integration further supported the feasibility of the practical guideline. It is intended that this practical guideline may help others to leave out pitfalls and to gain a more successful application of interdisciplinarity in their training.
Fiber optic Fabry–Perot interferometer constructed by quartz capillary and titanium wire for temperature measurement
Authors: Liao Jie , Feng Wenlin , Yang Xiaozhan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A novel fiber temperature sensing head based on the Fabry–Perot interference principle is proposed and fabricated. Its temperature sensing is performed by using the thermal expansion of titanium wire fixed in a quartz capillary. The rationality of ignoring high-order reflected light was verified by the experiment. The spectra of heating and cooling processes were measured for three times in the temperature range of 1 ∼ 50 °C, showing the high consistency and stability. This sensor requires only 25 nm scanning width of the optical spectrum analyzer. Its sensitivity of the Fabry–Perot cavity optical length changing with temperature is approximately −66.7 nm °C−1, and the accuracy can reach 0.1 °C by utilizing the binomial empirical formula instead of the linear one.
Initial evaluation and analysis of NRTK positioning performance with new BDS-3 signals
Authors: Liu Jinhai , Tu Rui , Han Junqiang , Zhang Rui , Fan Lihong , Zhang Pengfei , Hong Ju , Lu Xiaochun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In 2018, China established the primary constellation of the BeiDou-3 global navigation satellite system (BDS-3), and the construction of this satellite system is due to be completed in 2020. The signal emitted by BDS-3 will provide global positioning, navigation and timing services. This study assessed the performance of network real-time kinematic (NRTK) in reference to the new BDS-3 signals. The ambiguity resolution, retrieval, and interpolation of the double-differenced (DD) observation corrections and positioning precision are assessed based on datasets collected using four SR480 receivers that track the open signals of BDS-3. Subsequently, the NRTK, using the combined BDS-2 and BDS-3 measurements, is compared with the NRTK using only BDS-2 measurements. In addition, the positioning results of NRTK are compared with those of RTK. The results show that the DD atmospheric delay corrections with centimeter-level accuracy can be derived from the network of regional reference stations, and the positioning accuracy of NRTK is improved by incorporating the BDS-3 measurements.
Developing printable thermoelectric materials based on graphene nanoplatelet/ethyl cellulose nanocomposites
Authors: Mardi Saeed , Risi Ambrogioni Marco , Reale Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials have drawn a lot of attention as a promising technology to harvest waste heat and convert it into electrical energy. However, the toxicity and expense of inorganic TE materials along with high-temperature fabrication processes have limited their application. Additionally, the reduction of raw material resources, such as metals and petroleum is another limiting factor. Hence, developing low-cost, stable, and easily-created TE materials from renewable resources is attracting more and more interest for a wide range of applications including the internet of things and self-powered sensors. Herein, an efficacious processing strategy to fabricate printable TE materials has been developed with Ethyl cellulose (EC), a non-conducting polymer, as the polymer matrix and with Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as fillers. EC, one of the cellulose’s derivatives, has been widely used as a binder in the printing pastes. The conductive pastes with different filler contents have been fabricated. The weight ratio of GNPs and EC were ranged from 0.2 to 0.7. These conductive pastes have been deposited by blade coating on glass substrates. The electrical conductivity of the composites has increased polynomially as the filler content increased, whereas the Seebeck coefficient did not change significantly with the increased electrical conductivity. The highest electrical conductivity at room temperature (355.4 S m−1) was obtained for the ratio of 0.7. This ratio also had the maximum power factor value. Moreover, a 3D structure form (cylindrical pellet) from the highest conductive paste was also fabricated. The proposed technique demonstrates an industrially feasible approach to fabricate different geometries and structures for organic TE modules. So, this approach could provide a good reference for the production of high efficiency, low-temperature, lightweight, low-cost, TE materials.
Clinical Validation and Performance Evaluation of the Automated Vitros Total Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Assay for Screening of Serostatus in COVID-19
Authors: Garnett Emily , Jung Joanna , Tam Estella , Rajapakshe Deepthi , Cheney Stephen , Brown Cameron , Cao Jing , Muldrew Kenneth , Singh Ila , Versalovic James , Devaraj Sridevi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Evaluation of serostatus against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as an important tool in identification of exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report on the validation of the Vitros Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Total (CoV2T) assay for qualitative serologic testing of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Methods
We performed validation studies according to Commission of Office Laboratories Accreditation guidelines, using samples previously tested for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We evaluated precision, analytical interferences, and cross-reactivity with other viral infections; evaluated concordance with molecular and other serologic testing; and evaluated seroconversion.

Results
The Vitros CoV2T assay exhibited acceptable precision and did not exhibit cross-reactivity with other acute respiratory virus infections. The CoV2T assay exhibited 100% negative predictive agreement (56/56) and 71% positive predictive agreement (56/79) with RT-PCR across all patient samples and was concordant with other serologic assays. Concordance with RT-PCR was 97% more than 7 days after symptom onset. The CoV2T assay was robust to icterus and lipemia but had interference from significant hemolysis.

Conclusions
The Vitros CoV2T assay was successfully validated in our laboratory. We anticipate it will be a useful tool in screening for exposure to SARS-CoV-2; however, the use of the CoV2T and other serologic assays in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 is unknown and must be evaluated in future studies.
A semi-supervised learning framework for quantitative structure–activity regression modelling
Authors: Watson Oliver , Cortes-Ciriano Isidro , Watson James A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods are increasingly used in assisting the process of preclinical, small molecule drug discovery. Regression models are trained on data consisting of a finite-dimensional representation of molecular structures and their corresponding target-specific activities. These supervised learning models can then be used to predict the activity of previously unmeasured novel compounds.

Results
This work provides methods that solve three problems in QSAR modelling: (i) a method for comparing the information content between finite-dimensional representations of molecular structures (fingerprints) with respect to the target of interest, (ii) a method that quantifies how the accuracy of the model prediction degrades as a function of the distance between the testing and training data and (iii) a method to adjust for screening dependent selection bias inherent in many training datasets. For example, in the most extreme cases, only compounds which pass an activity-dependent screening threshold are reported. A semi-supervised learning framework combines (ii) and (iii) and can make predictions, which take into account the similarity of the testing compounds to those in the training data and adjust for the reporting selection bias. We illustrate the three methods using publicly available structure–activity data for a large set of compounds reported by GlaxoSmithKline (the Tres Cantos AntiMalarial Set, TCAMS) to inhibit asexual in vitro Plasmodium falciparum growth.

Availabilityand implementation
https://github.com/owatson/PenalizedPrediction.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Severe fires alter the outcome of the mutualism between ants and a Neotropical savanna tree
Authors: Vasconcelos Heraldo L , Koch Elmo B A , Camarota Flávio , Tito Richard , Zuanon Lino A , Maravalhas Jonas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhysical disturbances, such as fire, may affect the relationship between ants and plants. We evaluated the extent to which severe fires alter the protective effect of ants against the herbivores of an extrafloral-nectary bearing tree. We performed an ant removal experiment and sampled the ant fauna from the same trees over 4 years: the pre-fire year, the fire-year, and again 1 and 2 years later. Ants reduced insect herbivory in the pre-fire year and in the fire-year but failed to provide any plant protection in the two years after fire. The magnitude of the ant effect on herbivory did not differ between the pre-fire year and the fire-year. Fire reduced the abundance of ants with strictly arboreal-nesting habits. However, in the fire year (but not in the subsequent ones), this decline was compensated by an increase in the abundance of arboreal generalists and ground-nesting ants foraging in trees. Our results indicate that severe fires can affect the strength and direction of the ant effects on herbivory by altering the structure of the arboreal ant community and the abundance of insect herbivores. Fire disturbance is thus an important factor of conditionality of ant-plant mutualisms in fire-prone habitats, like the Cerrado savannas.
Carryover effects and the evolution of polyphenism
Authors: de la Serna Buzon Sofia M , Martin Ryan A , Pfennig David W 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn individual’s early-life environment and phenotype often influence its traits and performance as an adult. We investigated whether such ‘carryover effects’ are associated with alternative, environmentally-induced phenotypes (‘polyphenism’), and, if so, whether they influence the evolution of polyphenism. To do so, we studied Mexican spadefoot toads, Spea multiplicata, which have evolved a polyphenism consisting of two, dramatically different forms: a carnivore morph and an omnivore morph. We sampled both morphs from a fast-drying and a slow-drying pond and reared them to sexual maturity. Larval environment (pond) strongly influenced survival as well as age and size at metamorphosis and sexual maturity; i.e. environment-dependent carryover effects were present. By contrast, larval phenotype (morph) did not affect life-history traits at sexual maturity; i.e. phenotype-dependent carryover effects were absent. These results are consistent with theory, which suggests that by amplifying selective trade-offs in heterogenous environments, environment-dependent carryover effects might foster the evolution of polyphenism. At the same time, by freeing selection to refine a novel phenotype without altering the existing form, the absence of phenotype-dependent carryover effects might enable polyphenism to evolve in the first place. Generally, carryover effects might play an underappreciated role in the evolution of polyphenism.
Comparative leaf micromorphology ofDrypetesandPutranjiva(Putranjivaceae) and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Kadiri Akeem B , Muellner-Riehl Alexandra N 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPutranjivaceae are a pantropically distributed but poorly known glucosinulate-producing family of three genera (Drypetes, Putranjiva and Sibangea), previously included in Euphorbiaceae subfamily Phyllanthoideae. Characters of the leaf epidermis were previously suggested as being of infrafamilial taxonomic relevance, but epidermal features of the three genera have not so far been compared in the light of the phylogenetic relationships recovered by molecular data. Therefore, we compared the leaf micromorphology of 44 (out of c. 200) Drypetes spp. and two (out of three) Putranjiva spp. using light microscopy. Our findings revealed that there are more stomata types than previously reported in both genera. We also present a new record of stomatal complexes and epidermal cell characteristics. The cell wall ornamentation character on both surfaces of the epidermis is useful for distinguishing D. aframensis subsp. aframensis. Based on a combination of the studied characters, doubtful species of Drypetes and Putranjiva are recognizable as belonging to the two genera, and this will require taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments. Other taxonomically useful characters are trichome distribution and types and leaf areole shape and tertiary veins branching patterns that appear to be relatively constant across the two genera. Oil droplets located within the cell lumen in Putranjiva differentiates it from Drypetes, where they inwardly streak the epidermal walls among other features. Thus, our study provides evidence that the investigated leaf micromorphological characters are useful for distinguishing the species of the two genera, and they corroborate the existing infrageneric classification of Drypetes that was based on exomorphology.
Genetic, cellular, and connectomic characterization of the brain regions commonly plagued by glioma
Authors: Mandal Ayan S , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Hart Michael G , Suckling John 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
For decades, it has been known that gliomas follow a non-random spatial distribution, appearing more often in some brain regions (e.g. the insula) compared to others (e.g. the occipital lobe). A better understanding of the localization patterns of gliomas could provide clues to the origins of these types of tumours, and consequently inform treatment targets. Following hypotheses derived from prior research into neuropsychiatric disease and cancer, gliomas may be expected to localize to brain regions characterized by functional hubness, stem-like cells, and transcription of genetic drivers of gliomagenesis. We combined neuroimaging data from 335 adult patients with high- and low-grade glioma to form a replicable tumour frequency map. Using this map, we demonstrated that glioma frequency is elevated in association cortex and correlated with multiple graph-theoretical metrics of high functional connectedness. Brain regions populated with putative cells of origin for glioma, neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, exhibited a high glioma frequency. Leveraging a human brain atlas of post-mortem gene expression, we found that gliomas were localized to brain regions enriched with expression of genes associated with chromatin organization and synaptic signalling. A set of glioma proto-oncogenes was enriched among the transcriptomic correlates of glioma distribution. Finally, a regression model incorporating connectomic, cellular, and genetic factors explained 58% of the variance in glioma frequency. These results add to previous literature reporting the vulnerability of hub regions to neurological disease, as well as provide support for cancer stem cell theories of glioma. Our findings illustrate how factors of diverse scale, from genetic to connectomic, can independently influence the anatomic localization of brain dysfunction.
Microbial Inoculants Differentially Influence Plant Growth and Biomass Allocation in Wheat Attacked by Gall-Inducing Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Prischmann-Voldseth Deirdre A , Özsisli Tülin , Aldrich-Wolfe Laura , Anderson Kirk , Harris Marion O 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBeneficial root microbes may mitigate negative effects of crop pests by enhancing plant tolerance or resistance. We used a greenhouse experiment to investigate impacts of commercially available microbial root inoculants on growth and biomass allocation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. [Cyperales: Poaceae]) and on survival and growth of the gall-inducing wheat pest Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). A factorial design was used, with two near-isogenic wheat lines (one susceptible to Hessian fly, the other resistant), two levels of insect infestation (present, absent), and four inoculants containing: 1) Azospirillum brasilense  Tarrand et al. (Rhodospirillales: Azospirillaceae), a plant growth-promoting bacterium, 2) Rhizophagus intraradices (N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) (Glomerales: Glomeraceae), an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, 3) A. brasilense + R. intraradices, and 4) control, no inoculant. Larval feeding stunted susceptible wheat shoots and roots. Plants had heavier roots and allocated a greater proportion of biomass to roots when plants received the inoculant with R. intraradices, regardless of wheat genotype or insect infestation. Plants receiving the inoculant containing A. brasilense (alone or with R. intraradices) had comparable numbers of tillers between infested and noninsect-infested plants and, if plants were susceptible, a greater proportion of aboveground biomass was allocated to tillers. However, inoculants did not impact density or performance of Hessian fly immatures or metrics associated with adult fitness. Larvae survived and grew normally on susceptible plants and mortality was 100% on resistant plants irrespective of inoculants. This initial study suggests that by influencing plant biomass allocation, microbial inoculants may offset negative impacts of Hessian flies, with inoculant identity impacting whether tolerance is related to root or tiller growth.