bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Profitability: A Study of Bank, Finance and Insurance Companies in Sri Lanka
Authors: Muraleetharan Piriya , Velnamby T. , Nimalathasan B. 
Published: December 2020

The corporate social responsibility is essential depute in all organization. So all organizations think about how to achieved that their organization goals in this way one of the aspects as CSR. In this studies the effect of CSR on Profitability. This study tested by relation and impact supported on correlation and regression analysis. The data used were draw from 20 Bank finance and insurance companies in Sri Lanka. Panel data analysed by Bank finance and insurance companies CSR reports were analysed for the period of 2012 - 2016. The effect show that Corporate social responsibility reporting of the bank finance and insurance companies accrued during that time period. The results of the study also explained that there is a significant impact on profitability of the companies. This study was conducted in a underdeveloped country with various environment, economic and social aspects as compared to developed countries.
The suitability of scanning electron microscopy in the evaluation of bone structure surfaces and selection of alloplastic materials for facial skeletal reconstruction
Authors: Job Katarzyna , Składzień Jacek 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Functional and aesthetic problems can arise even from small losses created in the facial skeleton. Injuries and oncological surgeries are the most frequent causes of these losses within the facial skeleton. Advances in surgical interventions have allowed for ever-increasing degrees of resections, increasing oncological radicality as well as treatment effectiveness, providing the patient with the chance for a longer life. However, this subsequently requires the use of even more advanced reconstruction techniques in order to restore quality of life and comfort to the patient, as well as enable their return to professional and social activities. The necessity of reconstructive surgery applies not only to patients with cancer, but also to patients with impaired or failing sensory and organ function as a result of inflammatory conditions, injuries, or non-oncological surgeries.
There are many available reconstruction procedures, which depend on the location of the loss, the type of tissue lost, the degree of loss and patient-dependent factors. Materials used in reconstruction surgeries may include the patients’ tissues when available, and artificial reconstruction materials otherwise.
Material and methods:
The analysis involved fragments of bone tissue removed during surgery. Due to the nature of the medical procedure and the inability to replant the tissue, it was regarded as medical waste. The preparations used were observed under an optical microscope and an electron scanning microscope, and a chemical analysis was performed. The chemical composition of samples was analysed using a low vacuum detector (LVD) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and 10 kV and at a spot size of 4 and 3.5. The observations were performed in a secondary electron (SE) detection system.
Results:
Observation of parameters under an optical microscope and of images obtained using an electron scanning microscope showed the presence of typical, compact bone tissue with varied surface shapes in each case (various degrees of unevenness and porosity). Chemical composition analysis confirmed the presence of compounds from the CaO-P2O5-H20 system. The Ca/P (calcium/phosphorus) ratio obtained from the chemical analysis varied from 1.33 to 2.1, and indicated a varied morphology of calcium phosphates forming the bone structures of the facial skeleton.
Conclusions:
1.	Calcium phosphates are characterised by excellent biocompatibility because of their chemical affinity to bone, and are ideal for the reconstruction of bone losses within the facial skeleton.
2. Biodegradable polymers have the highest functional potential among several groups of biomaterials used in tissue engineering because of their ability to be tailored individually, in addition to their high biocompatibility.
The relationship between hemogram parameters with clinical progress in COVID-19 patients
Authors: ERDOGMUŞ KUCUKCAN Nagehan , KUCUKCAN Akif 
Published: December 2020

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to show the relationship between the clinical characteristics age, gender, hospitalization time values and hemogram parameters of COVID-19 patients.
Methods: Total 70 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between April 2020 and June 2020 in a secondary hospital and discharged with healing were retrospectively examined in terms of demographic data, epidemiological properties and hemogram parameters.
Results: The mean age of 70 patients included in the study is 43.8± 17.2 (range, 17 to 87) years; 28 (40%) were female and 42 (60%) were male. The mean hospitalization time of the patients was 6.33 ± 3.05 (range, 1 to 15) days. We observed a significant difference between eosinophil count (p = 0.05) and platelet distribution width (PDW) values (p = 0.032) according to the duration of hospitalization. There was no significant difference between the clinical progress and blood values in general. However, when patients with and without fever were compared, a significant difference was found for mean platelet volume (MPV) (p=0.035) values. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was found between hemoglobin (p = 0.046) and eosinophil number (p = 0.010) when male and female patients were compared.
Conclusion: The relationship between clinical progress and hemogram parameters in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 may be significant for the evaluation of prognosis.
The benefit of surgery on survival for patients with stage 1 and 2 malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: OCAK Birol , ŞAHİN Ahmet Bilgehan 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer. We aim to report our experience of stage 1 and 2 malign pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and investigate the prognostic factors.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 37 patients with clinical stage 1 and 2 MPM in our center and examined radiological findings, demographic characteristics, treatment modalities, survival, and recurrence.
Results: Eighteen of the 37 patients were male, and the mean age of the patients was 59.0 ± 11.2 years. Thirty patients had stage 1 MPM, and 7 patients had stage 2. Seven patients underwent surgery, and 30 patients received induction chemotherapy. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.4-15.1), and the median overall survival (OS) was 24.3 months (95% CI, 15.8-32.8). In multivariate analysis, while gender and surgery had a statistically significant effect on PFS (p=0.01, p=0.01, respectively), both gender and surgery did not significantly affect OS (p=0.15, p=0.08, respectively). Local recurrence occurred in 28 patients, and 7 patients were presented with local recurrence and distant metastasis.
Conclusion: In our study, where the majority of patients were stage 1 and 2, the effect of the surgery was significant.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in children; 10 years of experience in a single center
Authors: YILMAZ Kamil 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Shunt infections are a serious health problem seen in children. Our aim in this study is to investigate the clinical features, bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial treatments of pediatric patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection.
Methods: This retrospective study included 108 pediatric patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection who were followed up in the Pediatric Infection Clinic of Dicle University Medical Faculty between January 2019 and December 2019.
Results: The cases were 48.1% male and 51.9% female. Ventriculoperitoneal were placed in 70.4% of the cases when they were 0-1 months old, and in 15.7% of the cases when they were 2-3 months old. The most common cause of ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation was congenital hydrocephalus (90.7%), followed by central nervous system tumors (5.6%) and central nervous system infections (2.8%). The most common clinical signs and symptoms were fever (91.7%), vomiting (87%), convulsion (49.1%), change of consciousness (50.9%), meninx irritation finding (37.0%), anterior fontanelle cuff (65.7%), shunt leak (57.4%) and abdominal symptoms (62%). The most frequently isolated pathogens from cerebrospinal fluid cultures were Coagulase negative staphylococcus (36.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.5%), Acinetobacter baumannii (16%,) and Escherichia coli (11.1%). The most commonly used antibiotics in treatments were vancomycin (68.5%), meropenem (67.5%), ceftriaxone (45.3%), colimycin (26.8%), amikacin (25%), linezolid (21.2%) and cephotaxime (9.2%). The mortality rate of the patients was 20.4%.
Conclusions: Knowing the risk factors and taking early precautions in ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections can significantly reduce shunt infections, and better results can be obtained by determining the possible pathogens and starting empirical treatment accordingly.
The Monocyte To High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Predicts The Mortality in Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure
Authors: DERELİ Seçkin 
Published: December 2020

Objective: We purposed to evaluate the association between Monocyte To High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (MHR) and mortality during a year follow-up in patients with reduced efection fraction heart failure (HFrEF).
Method: We included total of 552 patients with HFrEF into the study. The main outcome was mortality at 1-year follow-up. Sociodemographic characteristics, hemogram and biochemical parameters, ejection fractions of patients were recorded. MHR was was computed by splitting monocyte into high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).
Results: The HFrEF population were seperated into different groups as non-survivors (n=45) and survivors (n=507). When the groups are compared the non-survivors group was older (p=0.04) and chronic renal failure incidence was higher in non-survivors (p=0.001). The MHR was notably higher in the non-survivors group (p=0.000). We have shown that MHR had a positive correlation with mortality (r=0.146 p=0.001). Also higher MHR was found as a strong paramer to predict of mortality (Odds ratio: 2.471, 95% confidence interval: 1.729–4.092, P=0.005). The cut-off values of 6,39 might be applied for predicting the mortality with 88% sensitivity and 97% specificity [Area under curve:0.831 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.799-0.869) p=0.001].
Conclusion: MHR can be used as an easy and usefull tool to predict mortality in HFrEF patients.
Kurkuminin Kök Hücre Koruyucu ve Farklılaştırıcı Etkisinde Hipoksi ile İndüklenen Faktör-1 Alfa’nın Rolü
Authors: İLHAN Süleyman 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, zerdeçal bitkisinden elde edilen kurkuminin kök hücre farklılaştırıcı ve hücre koruyucu etkisinin araştırılmasının yanında, hipoksi ile indüklenen faktör-1 alfa (HIF1-α)’nın bu etkideki rolü araştırılmıştır.
Yöntemler: Kurkuminin koruyucu etkisini araştırmak üzere, fare kemik iliği mezenkimal kök hücreleri (KİMKH) kurkuminin artan konsantrasyonları ile (0.5-20 μM) 1 saat ön muamele edildikten sonra hücrelere 24 saat boyunca 400 μM hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) stresi uygulandı. 24 saat sonunda MTT testi ile hücre canlılığı ölçüldü. Oluşan reaktif oksijen türevlerinin (ROT) miktarı ise H2DCFDA boyaması ile belirlendi. Kurkuminin hücre farklılaşması üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek üzere Alizarin kırmızısı boyası kullanıldı. HIF1-α gen ekspresyon seviyeleri gerçek zamanlı kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu kullanılarak belirlendi.
Bulgular: Kurkuminin artan konsantrasyonlarının hücre canlılığı üzerinde etkisinin olmadığı (p>0.05), 0.5 μM kurkuminle 1 saat ön muamele edilen KİMKH’lerin hücre canlılığının ise 400 μM H2O2 uygulanan hücrelere oranla arttığı belirlendi (p
Erkeklerde Meme Kanseri ve Klinik Özellikleri: Tek Merkez Deneyimi
Authors: ORUC Zeynep 
Published: December 2020

Giriş: Erkek meme kanseri, kadın meme kanserinden farklı kliniko-patolojik ve immunohistokimyasal özellikler gösteren ve kadın meme kanserine oranla nadir görülen bir hastalıktır.
Yöntemler: 2007-2019 tarihleri arasında Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Onkoloji bölümünde takip ve tedavi edilen erkek meme kanserli hastaların kliniko-patolojik özellikleri, aldıkları tedaviler ve tedavi sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: İnvaziv meme karsinomu tanılı 50 erkek hasta analiz edildi. Ortalama yaş 63,7 yıl (34-88) idi. Kırk dört (%88) hasta lokal ileri ve metastatik hastalığa sahipti. Hastaların 38’ine (%76) mastektomi uygulanmıştı. En sık görülen histolojik tip %90 oran ile invaziv duktal karsinom idi. Hastaların 40’ında (%80) östrojen reseptör, 41’inde (%82) progesteron reseptör pozitifliği mevcuttu. HER2 overekspresyonu 11(%22) hastada izlenmişti. Küratif cerrahi sonrası hastaların 30’u (%60) adjuvan kemoterapi, 34’ü (%68) adjuvan endokrin tedavi almıştı. Medyan takip süresi 54,5 aydı ( 1-299 ay). Evre I-III olan 39 hastanın 15’inde (%38) remisyonda izlemde iken nüks gelişmişti. Evre I ve II meme kanserli hastalarda medyan sağkalım süresine ulaşılmamışken, evre III ve IV hastalarda medyan sağkalım süresi sırası ile 84 ve 36 aydı. Tek değişkenli ve çok değişkenli analizde sadece aksiller lenf nodu tutulumu, tümör boyutu ve hastalığın evresi sağkalım ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi.
Sonuç: Çalışmamız erkek meme kanserli hastalarda aksiller lenf nodu metastazının, tümör boyutunun ve hastalık evresinin sağkalımı predikte eden önemli prognostik faktörler olduğunu göstermiştir.
Improving “Fast” Indicators of TB Infection Control through Targeted Health Workers Training; Findings from Facility Based Studies in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Iwuoha Ejiroghene C. , Onwasigwe Chika N. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of health workers training and implementation of the FAST strategy on the “FAST” indicators at Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH); a tertiary referral facility. ”FAST” strategy; a focused approach to stopping TB spread in congregate settings developed by TB Care1 stands for Finding TB cases Actively, Separating safely, and Treating effectively.
Study Design: This was a facility based interventional study using control group design methods with ABSUTH as the intervention facility while Federal Medical Centre Umuahia (FMCU) was the control.
Methodology: Health workers (74 across cadres; doctors, nurses, laboratory scientist and medical record staff) selected through stratified random sampling were trained to ensure daily cough surveillance and screening for TB among patients at the General outpatient, medical wards and HIV clinic of ABSUTH under supervision of a “FAST” focal person.Baseline “Fast Indicators” in the facility TB records of newly diagnosed TB patients 3 months before and 3 months after the training intervention were obtained.
Results: At baseline the “FAST” strategy indicators recorded in the study facility include time to diagnosis > 1 week, time to treatment 3.5 days, presumptive TB cases 92, number of cases commenced on treatment were 22 while presumptive DRTB cases was 0.33. This study observed a significant positive difference in all the “FAST” indicators following the intervention. Time to diagnosis decreased by 52%, time to treatment decreased by 17% while the number of presumptive TB cases increased by over 100%. Number of TB cases diagnosed also increased by 100% as well as the cases commenced on treatment by 91%, while number of diagnosed DRTB cases increased by over 100%.These were all statistically significant ( P=.013,.03, .032, and .049 except time to treatment P= 0.053).
Conclusion: The training intervention on ‘FAST” strategy of TB infection Control significantly improved FAST Indicators in the intervention facility with attendant reduction in diagnostic delays and increased case notification.
Overview of HIV Risk Reduction Interventions among Adolescents - A Call to Evaluate the HIV Education Curriculum in Nigeria
Authors: Chizoba A. F. , Chineke H. N. , Adogu P. O. U. , Nwafia A. E. , Chizoba C. J. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Adolescence is typically a period of experimentation, new experiences, and vulnerability which influences their HIV risk behaviours. Some may out-grow many risk behaviors, yet prevention efforts are needed to reduce the risk of HIV infection during this period. Knowledge about risk is not sufficient for the prevention of HIV risk behavior. This review examines the existing types of education targeted at reducing HIV risk and their application to adolescents for optimal outcome.
Methodology: Keywords from objectives of review were used to search for related literatures through online libraries of national and international journals. Out of 60 related studies initially generated, 38 literatures were selected for review.
Results: School-based health services should ideally be complementary rather than replacement option for the provision of health care services for adolescents. Interventions to improve HIV knowledge and reduce risky sexual behaviour may need to specifically target adolescents. The types of HIV risk reduction education intervention among adolescents is classified into peer-based and health provider-based education. Given the complexity of factors that contribute to risk behavior, prevention efforts that focus exclusively on knowledge are unlikely to be successful. Effective school-based (youth-targeted) HIV prevention programs, which typically rely on principles of social cognitive (Learning) theory could be employed to bridge the gap.
Conclusion and Recommendations: With this in mind, a comprehensive review of the Family life and HIV education (FLHE) programme in Nigerian secondary schools is long overdue.
Vasorelaxant Effect Induced by the Essential Oil of Ocotea duckei Vattimo Leaves and Its Main Constituent, Trans-caryophyllene, in Rat Mesenteric Artery
Authors: Gonçalves Tays Amanda Felisberto , Cunha Renildo Moura da , Meneguetti Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira , Santos Marcio Roberto Viana , Filho José Maria Barbosa- , Ribeiro Êurica Adélia Nogueira , Egito Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa do , Medeiros Isac Almeida de , Rodriguez Anselmo Fortunato Ruiz 
Published: December 2020

Aims: To evaluate the vasorelaxant effect induced by the essential oil of the leaves of O. duckei Vattimo (ODEO) and its main constituent, trans-caryophyllene, in rat superior mesenteric arteries.
Methodology: Isolated rat superior mesenteric rings were suspended by cotton threads for isometric tension recordings in Tyrode’s solution at 37ºC, gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 and different ODEO concentrations (0.1-300 μg/mL) or trans-caryophyllene (1-1000 μg/mL) were added cumulatively to the organ baths.
Results: Vasorelaxant effect induced by the essential oil of Ocotea duckei leaves (ODEO) and its main constituent, trans-caryophyllene (60.54 %), was evaluated in this work. In intact isolated rat superior mesenteric rings ODEO (0.1-300 μg/mL, n=6) induced concentration-dependent relaxation of tonus induced by phenylephrine (10 µM) or K+-depolarizing solution (KCl 80 mM) (IC50=31±5, 5±0.4 µg/mL, respectively, n=6). The relaxations of phenylephrine-induced contractions were not significantly attenuated after removal of the vascular endothelium (IC50=25±5 µg/mL). ODEO antagonized the concentration-response curves to CaCl2 (10-6-3x10-2 M) and Bay K 8644 (10-10-3x10-6 M). Furthermore, in nominally without calcium solution, ODEO significantly inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, transient contractions induced by 10 µM phenylephrine or 20 µM caffeine. Trans-caryophyllene induced vasorelaxations, however, this effect was 18.6 times less potent when compared to ODEO-induced vasorelaxations.
Conclusion: The relaxant effect induced by ODEO in rat superior mesenteric artery rings is endothelium-independent and seems to be related to both, inhibition of Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels sensitive to dihydropyridines and inhibition of the calcium release from intracellular IP3-and caffeine-sensitive stores.
Effect of Pullulanase Debranching and Retrogradation on Resistant Starch Yield and Glycemic Index of Garri
Authors: Ogbo F. C. , Nwozor N. C. 
Published: December 2020

Aims: This research is aimed at developing a method of processing to increase the quantity of resistant starch in garri and reduce its glycemic index using pullulanase-producing Bacillus subtilis organism.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of applied microbiology and brewing, Nnnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka between January, 2018 and February, 2019.
Methodology: The organism was isolated from different cassava processing sites in Anambra metropolis, Nigeria. It was then identified based on phenotypic, biochemical and molecular characteristics After which the pullulanase assay, the fermentation studies, resistant starch analysis and glycemic index was analysed.
Results: Pullulanase assay result showed Bacillus subtilis as a very good pullulanase producing organism with a pullulanase quantity of. The resistant starch content was found to be higher for the samples fermented with the choice organism and retrograded at 10oC at 14.29%, than the control garri sample fermented without any organism and not retrograded at 4.73%. The glycemic index was relatively high in all the garri samples, however, the lowest glycemic index, 62% was observed in the garri sample produced with the choice organism.
Conclusion: This research has been able to show that pullulanase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis is a very useful industrial raw material in production of functional foods with low glycemic index.
Validated High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Quantification of Pamidronate in Bulk and Dosage Form
Authors: Gawad Sherif A. Abdel- , Suwailem Aymen Khalid Al , AlShowiman Sami Salem 
Published: December 2020

Aims: The studied drug is lacking the presence of chromophore so a reaction with NBD-Cl is optimized to facilitate its chromatographic detection, so the main aim of the work is to quantify pamidronate in a sensitive and accurate way either in bulk or dosage forms.
Methodology: The quantification of this group of drugs is a challenging task as they lack the presence of chromophore groups in their structure. The proposed method depends on the chromatographic quantification of the studied drug after its derivatization via its reaction with 4-Chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxazole and the product is separated on ODS C18 column (5 µm, 15 cm x 5 mm, i.d.) as a stationary phase and methanol : water (8:2, v/v) as a mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 ml/min.
Results: The studied drug can be determined in the range of 900 - 3000 ng/mL after optimizing the assay conditions to get optimum stationary – mobile phases match. Method validation is performed according to USP-guidelines and different validation parameters like, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness are calculated and found to be excellent.
Conclusion: The proposed method is accurate, sensitive and can be applied for the routine analysis of pamidronate in quality control laboratories.