bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selectively Etching Vanadium Oxide to Modulate Surface Vacancies of Unary Metal–Based Electrocatalysts for High‐Performance Water Oxidation
Authors: Fan Ke , Zou Haiyuan , Duan Lele , Sun Licheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of water oxidation, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are urgently required. Numerous bi‐ and multimetal‐based, low‐cost, high‐performance OER electrocatalysts have been developed. However, unary metal–based high‐performance electrocatalysts are seldom reported. In the present study, Co2(OH)3Cl/vanadium oxide (VOy) composites are synthesized, from which VOy is completely etched out by a simple cyclic voltammetry treatment, which simultaneously transforms Co2(OH)3Cl in situ to ultrafine CoOOH. The selective removal of VOy modulates the nature of the surface in the obtained CoOOH by creating surface oxygen vacancies (Vo), along with disordered grain boundaries. The best‐performing CoOOH with optimum Vo is found to be associated with a low overpotential of 282 mV at 10 mA cm−2 catalytic current density on a simple glassy carbon electrode for OER. This facile protocol of selectively etching VOy to modulate the nature of the surface is successfully applied to synthesize another Fe‐based electrocatalyst with high OER performance, thus establishing its utility for unary metal–based electrocatalyst synthesis.
Increased overall and cause‐specific mortality associated with disability among workers’ compensation claimants with low back injuries
Authors: Martin Christopher J. , Jin ChuanFang , Bertke Stephen J. , Yiin James H. , Pinkerton Lynne E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMortality tends to be higher among people who do not work than among workers, but the impact of work‐related disability on mortality has not been well studied.MethodsThe vital status through 2015 was ascertained for 14 219 workers with an accepted workers’ compensation claim in West Virginia for a low back injury in 1998 or 1999. Mortality among the cohort compared with the West Virginia general population was assessed using standard life table techniques. Associations of mortality and disability‐related factors within the cohort were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsCompared to the general population, mortality from accidental poisoning was significantly elevated among the overall cohort and lost‐time claimants. Most deaths from accidental poisoning in the cohort were due to drug overdoses involving opioids. Mortality from intentional self‐harm was also significantly elevated among lost‐time claimants. In internal analyses, overall mortality and mortality from cancer, heart disease, intentional self‐harm, and drug overdoses involving opioids was significantly associated with lost time. Overall mortality and mortality from drug overdoses involving opioids were also significantly associated with amount of lost time, permanent partial disability, and percent permanent disability. Heart disease mortality was also significantly associated with the amount of lost time.ConclusionsThe results suggest that disability itself may impact mortality risks. If confirmed, these results reinforce the importance of return to work and other efforts to reduce disability.
The genetic workup for structural congenital heart disease
Authors: Jerves Teodoro , Beaton Andrea , Kruszka Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent birth defect and is the result of multiple etiologies including genetic and environmental causes. This article reviews the genetic workup for structural CHD in the clinical setting, beginning with CHD epidemiology and etiology and then moving to genetic testing, clinical evaluation, and genetic counseling. An algorithm is presented as a guide to genetic test selection, and available tests are explained with their respective advantages and limitations. Finally, future advances are discussed. As this review focuses on structural heart disease, isolated cardiomyopathies, inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes and aortopathies are not discussed.
Congenital heart defects in CHARGE: The molecular role of CHD7 and effects on cardiac phenotype and clinical outcomes
Authors: Meisner Joshua K. , Martin Donna M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCHARGE syndrome is characterized by a pattern of congenital anomalies (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth, Genital abnormalities, and Ear abnormalities). De novo mutations of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) are the primary cause of CHARGE syndrome. The clinical phenotype is highly variable including a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects. Here, we review the range of congenital heart defects and the molecular effects of CHD7 on cardiovascular development that lead to an over‐representation of atrioventricular septal, conotruncal, and aortic arch defects in CHARGE syndrome. Further, we review the overlap of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities present in CHARGE and their impact on the peri‐operative morbidity and mortality in individuals with CHARGE syndrome.
Endoscopic prelacrimal approach to lateral recess of sphenoid sinus: feasibility study
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundVarious pathologies, including cerebrospinal fluid leaks and meningoencephaloceles, may arise in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus (LRSS), which may be accessed via an endonasal transpterygoid approach. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of accessing the LRSS via an endoscopic prelacrimal approach. Furthermore, we hypothesized that this approach may protect the pterygopalatine ganglion and vidian nerve.MethodsFive cadaveric heads (9 sides) with a well‐pneumatized LRSS were identified and an endonasal prelacrimal approach was performed. The infraorbital nerve, at the orbital floor, served as a critical landmark. After identification of the foramen rotundum at the pterygoid base, the vascular compartment of the pterygopalatine fossa and the pterygopalatine ganglion were displaced inferomedially and superomedially, respectively. Drilling of the bone inferomedial to the foramen rotundum allowed entry into the LRSS.ResultsThe average distances from the prelacrimal window to the pterygoid base and the posterior wall of the LRSS were 6.22 ± 0.39 cm and 7.16 ± 0.50 cm, respectively. The average areas of the bony prelacrimal window and pterygoid base window were 4.33 ± 0.32 cm2and 0.73 ± 0.10 cm2, respectively. The LRSS could be accessed using a 0‐degree endoscope, and pterygopalatine neurovascular structures, including the pterygopalatine ganglion and vidian nerve, could be preserved on all 9 sides.ConclusionOur findings suggest that an endonasal prelacrimal approach provides a reasonable alternative to access the LRSS while preserving the vidian nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion.
Highly Efficient and Reversible Covalent Patterning of Graphene: 2D‐Management of Chemical Information
Authors: Wei Tao , Kohring Malte , Chen Muqing , Yang Shangfeng , Weber Heiko B. , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPatterned graphene‐functionalization with a tunable degree of functionalization can tailor the properties of graphene. Here, we present a new reductive functionalization approach combined with lithography rendering patterned graphene‐functionalization easily accessible. Two types of covalent patterning of graphene were prepared and their structures were unambiguously characterized by statistical Raman spectroscopy together with scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS). The reversible defunctionalization processes, as revealed by temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy, enable the possibility to accurately modulate the degree of functionalization by annealing. This allows for the management of chemical information through complete write/store/erase cycles. Based on our strategy, controllable and efficient patterning graphene‐functionalization is no longer a challenge and facilitates the development of graphene‐based devices.
An Enzymatic N‐Acylation Step Enables the Biocatalytic Synthesis of Unnatural Sialosides
Authors: Laborda Pedro , Lyu Yong‐Mei , Parmeggiani Fabio , Lu Ai‐Min , Wang Wen‐Jiao , Huang Ying‐Ying , Huang Kun , Guo Juan , Liu Li , Flitsch Sabine L. , Voglmeir Josef 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChitin is one of the most abundant and cheaply available biopolymers in Nature. Chitin has become a valuable starting material for many biotechnological products through manipulation of its N‐acetyl functionality, which can be cleaved under mild conditions using the enzyme family of de‐N‐acetylases. However, the chemoselective enzymatic re‐acylation of glucosamine derivatives, which can introduce new stable functionalities into chitin derivatives, is much less explored. Herein we describe an acylase (CmCDA from Cyclobacterium marinum) that catalyzes the N‐acylation of glycosamine with a range of carboxylic acids under physiological reaction conditions. This biocatalyst closes an important gap in allowing the conversion of chitin into complex glycosides, such as C5‐modified sialosides, through the use of highly selective enzyme cascades.
Effect of different treatments and SiO2/PVDF coatings on morphology and wettability of electrospun polyamide 6 membranes
Authors: Feng Yan , Sun Runjun , Liu Chengkun , Chen Meiyu , Wang Qiushi 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe electrospun polyamide 6 (PA6) membranes are treated with different methods. The rough surfaces with different protuberances size and the fiber diameter are prepared by wet, dry heat, wet heat, and ethanol treatments under relaxation, and the formation mechanisms are analyzed. A relative stable structure of PA6 membrane is also prepared by ethanol treatment under tension, and its structure is as same as the untreated membrane. The dynamic water contact angles (WCAs) of the treated membranes are measured. The starting WCA of the membrane with wet heat treatment under relaxation is 90.95°, which is larger than those of wet, dry heat, and ethanol treatments under relaxation. The effects of surface morphologies with different treatments on wettability are analyzed. For obtaining hydrophobicity, the membrane with wet heat treatment under relaxation was coated by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The WCA of the membrane increases to 127.1° after coating. From another point of view, the WCA of the PVDF/treated PA6 membrane is much larger than that of the pure casting PVDF membrane, which means the rough surface of the treated PA6 membrane can improve the hydrophobicity of the PVDF membrane. Furthermore, the membrane is endowed with superhydrophobicity (WCA of 153.5°) after being coated by SiO2/PVDF due to the multilevel structured surface roughness. It is a relative low cost and convenient operation method to prepare the superhydrophobic material. The results provide a novel preparation method of the superhydrophobic material and a treatment method of the electrospun PA6 membrane to obtain a stable structure. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48804.
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Nuclear Perturbation in Human Glioma U87 Cells treated with Temozolomide
Authors: Guo Jinglin , Yi Guo‐zhong , Liu Zhifeng , Sun Xuegang , Yang Runwei , Guo Manlan , Li Yaomin , Li Ke , Li Kaishu , Wang Xiran , Song Haimin , Qi Songtao , Huang Guanglong , Liu Yawei 
Published: December 2019

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive glioma, which has a very poor prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is still a first‐line treatment, but resistance is inevitable even in MGMT‐deficient glioblastoma cells. The aims of this study were to comprehend the effect of TMZ on nucleus and the underlying mechanism of acquired TMZ resistance in MGMT‐deficient GBM. We show the changes of nuclear proteome in the MGMT‐deficient GBM U87 cells treated with TMZ for 1 week. Label‐free–based quantitative proteomics were used to investigate nuclear protein abundance change. Subsequently, gene ontology function annotation, KEGG pathway analysis, protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network construction analysis of DAPs, and immunofluorescence were applied to validate the quality of proteomics. In total, 457 (455 gene products) significant DAPs were identified, of which 327 were up‐regulated and 128 were down‐regulated. Bioinformatics analysis uncovered RAD50, MRE11, UBR5, MSH2, MSH6, DDB1, DDB2, RPA1, RBX1, CUL4A, and CUL4B mainly enriched in DNA damage repair related pathway and constituted a protein‐protein interaction network. Ribosomal proteins were down‐regulated. Cells were in a stress‐responsive state, while the entire metabolic level was lowered.Significance of the studyIn U87 cell treated with TMZ for 1 week, which resulted in DNA damage, we found various proteins dysregulated in the nucleus. Some proteins related to the DNA damage repair pathway were up‐regulated, and there was a strong interaction. We believe this is the potential clues of chemotherapy resistance in tumour cells. These proteins can be used as indicators of tumour resistance screening in the future.
The role of microRNAs in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: From biology to applications
Authors: Tapeh Behnam Emamgolizadeh Gurt , Alivand Mohammad Reza , Solali Saeed 
Published: December 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that are characterized by small, noncoding RNA have an essential role in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, miRNAs, as a new paradigm of epigenetic regulators, play an important role in normal development and cellular function. This literature review summarizes the recurrent mechanism of gene regulation through miRNAs and, consequently, the impact of regulated genes on different cellular processes, including proliferation, metastasis, prognosis, and apoptosis. Additionally, what is important to note is that the expression of miRNAs in various cancer cells is different, and miRNAs have various target genes in various cancers. Accordingly, a proper understanding of gene regulation by miRNAs contributes to new perspectives in miRNA‐based therapeutic strategies.Significance of the studyMiRNAs are considered as a crucial regulator of gene expression. The genes also play an important role in the expression of miRNAs; as a result, there is a relationship between them. In recent years, targeted therapy with miRNAs has been a significant challenge. Studying the mechanisms through which miRNAs regulate various cancer cell processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, and metastasis, is very critical in the treatment of cancer through miRNAs. Definitely, a proper understanding of the impacts of aberrant expression of miRNAs on cancer cell processes leads to new therapeutic strategies in the targeted therapy with miRNAs.
The first reported case of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease from Nepal
Authors: Kharel Himal , Adhikari Pabitra , Pokhrel Nishan B. , Kharel Zeni , Nepal Gaurav 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCreutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) can also be diagnosed in a resource‐limited setting through good clinical analysis. The diagnosis of CJD should be considered in patients with rapidly evolving neurological signs associated with cognitive disturbances even in countries with limited available sophisticated tools and where CJD was never reported before.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural over Co3O4−Al2O3 Hydrotalcite‐derived Catalyst
Authors: Ramos Ruben , Peixoto Andreia F. , Arias‐Serrano Blanca I. , Soares O. Salomé G. P. , Pereira Manuel F. R. , Kubička David , Freire Cristina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hydrogenation of furfural by catalytic hydrogen transfer to produce furfuryl alcohol has been investigated over a series of mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcite catalysts. Three different catalysts containing Ni, Co and Zn phases on an Al‐rich amorphous support were synthesized and characterised. The catalytic performances were evaluated in a batch stirred reactor using 2‐propanol as a solvent and hydrogen donor, with Co3O4−Al2O3 showing the highest activity and selectivity to FA (74 % yield; 97 % selectivity). The effects of temperature (T=120–180 °C) and reaction time (t=30 min–24 h) were also studied, reaching a FA maximum yield of 92 % at 150 °C after 24 h. The Co3O4−Al2O3 catalyst showed a loss of activity after the first run, which can be easily restored by a simple calcination treatment. The results establish a catalytic route to produce valuable furfuryl alcohol over 3d‐transition metal‐based catalysts without any external hydrogen supply.
Changes in fluoride removal ability of chicken bone char with changes in calcination time
Authors: Kikuchi Masanori , Arioka Yuki , Tafu Masamoto , Irie Mitsuteru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChanges in fluoride removal ability of chicken bone char (CBC) were investigated by both remained amounts of carbon including organic substances and crystallite size of hydroxyapatite in the CBC. Carbon contents in CBC were controlled by heating time at 600°C. Although temperature for crystal‐grain growth for HAp, 650°C, was higher than 600°C, crystallite size of HAp in CBC increased with heating time. Fluoride ion removal ability positively related to the amount of remaining carbon and negatively related to the square of crystallite size, as an index of surface area, of HAp. These results suggested that fluoride ion removal from water by CBC is not only by ion exchange and/or dissolution‐precipitation process, but also by adsorption by carbon and/or temporal capture of fluoride ion by microstructure of carbonate in CBC before immobilize it in apatite structure.
Supramolecular Metallacycles and Their Binding of Fullerenes
Authors: Göb Christian R. , Ehnbom Andreas , Sturm Lisa , Tobe Yoshito , Oppel Iris M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of a new triaminoguanidinium‐based ligand with three tris‐chelating [NNO]‐binding pockets and C3 symmetry is described. The reaction of tris‐(2‐pyridinylene‐N‐oxide)triaminoguanidinium salts with zinc(II) formate leads to the formation of cyclic supramolecular coordination compounds which in solution bind fullerenes in their spherical cavities. The rapid encapsulation of C60 can be observed by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and is verified using computation.
Insectivorous bats selectively source moths and eat mostly pest insects on dryland and irrigated cotton farms
Authors: Kolkert Heidi , Andrew Rose , Smith Rhiannon , Rader Romina , Reid Nick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInsectivorous bats are efficient predators of pest arthropods in agroecosystems. This pest control service has been estimated to be worth billions of dollars to agriculture globally. However, few studies have explicitly investigated the composition and abundance of dietary prey items consumed or assessed the ratio of pest and beneficial arthropods, making it difficult to evaluate the quality of the pest control service provided. In this study, we used metabarcoding to identify the prey items eaten by insectivorous bats over the cotton‐growing season in an intensive cropping region in northern New South Wales, Australia. We found that seven species of insectivorous bat (n = 58) consumed 728 prey species, 13 of which represented around 50% of total prey abundance consumed. Importantly, the identified prey items included major arthropod pests, comprising 65% of prey relative abundance and 13% of prey species recorded. Significant cotton pests such as Helicoverpa punctigera (Australian bollworm) and Achyra affinitalis (cotton webspinner) were detected in at least 76% of bat fecal samples, with Teleogryllus oceanicus (field crickets), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), and Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm) detected in 55% of bat fecal samples. Our results indicate that insectivorous bats are selective predators that exploit a narrow selection of preferred pest taxa and potentially play an important role in controlling lepidopteran pests on cotton farms. Our study provides crucial information for farmers to determine the service or disservice provided by insectivorous bats in relation to crops, for on‐farm decision making.
Improve Management of acute heart failure with ProcAlCiTonin in EUrope: results of the randomized clinical trial IMPACT EU Biomarkers in Cardiology (BIC) 18
Authors: Möckel Martin , de Boer Rudolf A. , Slagman Anna Christine , von Haehling Stephan , Schou Morten , Vollert Jörn Ole , Wiemer Jan C. , Ebmeyer Stefan , Martín‐Sánchez F. Javier , Maisel Alan S. , Giannitsis Evangelos 
Published: December 2019

AimTo determine whether initiation of antibiotic therapy (ABX) by procalcitonin (PCT) within 8 h of admission in patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms and signs of acute heart failure (AHF) and elevated natriuretic peptides would improve clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsThe study was a randomized multicentre clinical trial conducted at 16 sites in Europe. Patients were randomized to either a PCT‐guided strategy or standard care. Patients with PCT‐guided strategy (n = 370) had ABX initiated if PCT was > 0.2 μg/L. Patients with standard care (n = 372) had AHF care in accordance with published guidelines without PCT. The primary endpoint was 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Pre‐specified secondary endpoints included 30‐day all‐cause mortality and readmission and rate of pneumonia. The Data Safety and Review Committee recommended stopping the study for futility when 762 of the planned 792 patients had been enrolled. A total of 742 patients could be analysed. Patients were elderly (median age: 77 years), 38% were women, and had typical signs and symptoms of AHF. All‐cause mortality at 90 days was 10.3% in the PCT‐guided group vs. 8.2% in standard care (P = 0.316). Thirty‐day readmission was significantly higher in the PCT‐guided group vs. standard care but the difference vanished until day 90. The rate of pneumonia was overall low (7.5%) and not different between groups.ConclusionsIn patients with AHF, a strategy of PCT‐guided initiation of ABX was not more effective than a standard care strategy in improving clinical outcomes.
Development and application of transient gas‐liquid two‐phase flow model considering sudden density change
Authors: Wang Jiangshuai , Li Jun , Liu Gonghui , Li Mengbo , Luo Kuidong , Zhang Geng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn deepwater drilling, accurate prediction of wellbore gas‐liquid two‐phase flow behavior is significant for gas kick detection and well‐control treatment. In this study, a new transient gas‐liquid two‐phase flow model was developed to simulate the wellbore gas‐liquid two‐phase flow during gas kick in deepwater dual‐gradient drilling based on downhole separation. This model accounts for the impact of a sudden change in density on gas‐liquid flow behavior. The transient model was solved using the finite‐difference method. The accuracy and stability of the model were verified using data measured from a full‐scale experimental well. Using this model, the differences in the apparent liquid velocity and the flow rate at the annular outlet during gas kick were compared between deepwater dual‐gradient drilling and conventional single‐gradient drilling. Additionally, the influences of numerous factors on variations in flow rate at the annular outlet were also studied. A new method of early gas kick detection was proposed for deepwater dual‐gradient drilling based on downhole separation.