bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efek Tegangan Listrik dan Waktu Proses Elektroplating Krom Keras terhadap Tebal Lapisan
Authors: Suarsana Ketut , Astika I M. , Negara D.N.K  Putra 
Published: December 2019

Proses pelapisan krom keras merupakan proses akhir atau tahap penyelesaian pada kebanyakan pembuatan komponen agar tidak cepat aus, seperti pada poros, pasak, ring piston, silinder, bearing dan crank shaf. Dalam bidang industri sifat mekanik yang banyak diperlukan pada logam yang dipergunakan adalah kemampuannya untuk tahan aus dan tahan korosi yang mana kita ketahui logam mempunyai reaksi yang sangat aktif terhadap perubahaan temperatur dan cuaca, maka perlu dilakukan pelapisan sehingga kemungkinan suatu bahan logam terkena korosi bisa dihambat. Bahan spesimen yang di gunakan adalah Baja St 60 (C 0.40%; Mn 7%; Si 0.28%; P+S 0.09%; Fe 98,53%) dengan variasi tegangan listrik: 4, 6, dan 8 volt, untuk variasi waktu elektroplating krom keras 30, 45, dan 60 menit. Pengujian yang dilakukan dengan pengukuran ketebalan lapisan menggunakan skala foto mikro dan menghitung ketebalan lapisan permukaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tegangan listrik yang digunakan dan semakin lama waktu proses pelapisan krom keras maka meningkat ketebalan lapisannya. Ketebalan lapisan permukaan yang paling tebal didapatkan pada tegangan 8 volt dengan waktu pelapisan 60 menit dengan ketebalan lapisannya sebesar 89,37 ?m, sedangkan ketebalan lapisan permukaan tipis didapat pada tegangan 4 volt dengan waktu pelapisan 30 menit ketebalan lapisannya sebesar 20,18 ?m. Jadi tegangan listrik dan waktu electroplating dapat mempengaruhi dan memberikan efek terhadap ketebalan lapisan yang terjadi pada Baja St.60.
The hard chrome coating process is the final process or completion stage in most parts making so as not to wear out quickly, such as on the shaft, pegs, piston rings, cylinders, bearings and crank shafts. In the industrial field of mechanical properties that are much needed in the metal used is its ability to withstand wear and corrosion resistance which we know metals have a very active reaction to changes in temperature and weather, coating is necessary so that the possibility of a metal being corroded can be inhibited. The specimens used were Baja St 60 (C 0.40%; Mn 7%; Si 0.28%; P + S 0.09%; Fe 98.53%) with variations in electrical voltage: 4, 6 and 8 volts, for time variations hard chrome electroplating 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Tests carried out by measuring the thickness of the layer use a micro photo scale and calculate the thickness of the surface layer. The results showed that the higher the voltage used and the longer the coating process was hard chrome, the thickness of the layer increased. The thickest surface layer thickness was obtained at 8 volts with a coating time of 60 minutes with a layer thickness of 89.37 ?m, while the thickness of the thin surface layer was obtained at a voltage of 4 volts with a coating time of 30 minutes layer thickness of 20.18 ?m. So the electrical voltage and time of electroplating can affect and give effect to the thickness of the coating that occurs in Steel St.60
Pengaruh Parameter Pemotongan Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Blok Head Pada Proses Frais
Authors: Dwijana I Gusti Komang 
Published: December 2019

Teknologi Mesin Frais sudah dikenal dan biasa digunakan dunia industri besar maupun industri kecil, mesin ini biasaya digunakan untuk meratakan permukaan benda atau melubangi benda, dengan penyayatan mengunakan pisau frais atau mata bor. Blok head sepeda motor biasanya jika digunakan bertahun lamanya akan mengalami deformasi atau pembengkokan pada permukaan, sehingga kompresi pada sepeda motor akan menjadi bocor. Untuk memperbaikinya salah satu mesin yang dapat digunakan adalah mesin frais, diratakan kembali permukaan blok head yang bengkok. Untuk proses pengefraisan disini variasi yang digunakan adalah putaran spindle 300 rpm, dengan gerak makan 10 mm/menit, 15 mm/menit, 20 mm/menit dan kedalaman potong 0,1 mm, 0,2 mm, 0,3 mm. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukan bahwa tingkat kekasaran hasil pengfraisan yang paling kecil ada pada gerak makan 10 mm/menit dan kedalam potong 0,1 mm hasil yang di dapat 1.098 ?m.
Milling Machine Technology is well known and commonly used in the world of large and small industries, this machine is usually used to flatten the surface of objects or pierce objects, by cutting using a milling knife or drill bit. Motorcycle head block usually if used for many years will experience deformation or bending on the surface, so that the compression on the motorcycle will leak. To fix it, one of the machines that can be used is a milling machine, flattened back the curved head block surface. For the process of refining here variation used is 300 rpm spindle rotation, with feeding motion of 10 mm / min, 15 mm / min, 20 mm / min and a cut depth of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0,3 mm. The results of the test showed that the smallest level of roughness of the results of refining was at a feed motion of 10 mm / min and into a 0.1 mm cut the results were 1.098 ?m.
Adaptation and validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Córdoba Leonor , Tamayo Julián Andrés , González Mónica Alexandra , Martínez María Isabel , Rosales Alejandra , Barbato Sofia Helena 
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of the «Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey» (MBI-HSS). Methods: The work was conducted by a process of translation and back-translation of the original instrument, instrument adaptation, translation and adaptation of the application manual, pilot study, and implementation of the adapted version of the instrument with 314 health professionals in Cali, according to the guidelines of the International Test Commission (ITC). Results: The results showed that the scale has good internal consistency (a=0.767); however, the dimension of «depersonalization» has the lowest internal consistency (a=0.518). Regarding validity, in comparing between the factor structure of the modified scale with the original version, we identified that the size of the validated version largely coincides with that of the original version; in the dimension of emotional fatigue, item 6 is excluded because it will be part of the depersonalization scale, items 15 and 21 were also excluded given their poor discriminatory ability. Conclusion: It is necessary to overcome the stability problems of the MBI-HSS depersonalization subscale in health professionals and reformulate the response options to make them more understandable for professionals within the Colombian context.
Dear Editor
Authors: Calderón Juan C. 
Published: December 2019

During my years of scientific work in Colombia, I have faced administrative difficulties which deserve comments to help improve these situations. Although the whole procedure of doing science in our country is a greater challenge than in the developed world, I would like to highlight some specific points where I feel we can take some measures to help our work.i)	The very slow editorial processes of the journals. This is actually a problem shared by other countries in the region; however, our journals call my attention given the very slow and cumbersome process of revising and publishing a manuscript. This is, I feel, a problem for the whole scientific community in the country, which involves a journal editor and goes through the referees and the authors of the manuscripts. Table 1 illustrates how serious the problem is; it shows the mean number of days for accepting and publishing original papers and reviews papers that appeared in three biomedical journals category A (according to Publindex, by Colciencias www.colciencias.gov.co) in Colombia during the past two years, compared to the time taken for the same procedures in three international biomedical journals, matched by topic with the Colombian ones and also ranked A according to the homologation issued by Colcien­cias. Our journals published 214 papers during the last two years, with a mean of 214 days for a paper to be accepted and 334 days for it to be published. These numbers are far above those found for international journals in which a manuscript takes only 137 days to be accepted and 229 days to be published (n=205). Moreover, the international journals published online versions of the accepted papers up to 6 months in advance of the printed publication. Our delays affect the visibility and impact of our research, and because the speed of publication is an important issue for authors when choosing a journal to submit manuscripts, our numbers deter potential inter­national authors. I would like to suggest some measures that can be taken to improve our numbers: to include as a criteria for the classification of the journals an index of the speed of manuscript publication; to improve process management with the help of specialized softwares; to publish the times taken by the referees to evaluate the works, for instance in the section devoted to listing their names as used by some journals; to conduct pedagogy on the importance of timely revision of a manuscript for a colleague; to create precise short forms to be filled out by the referees; to unify the instructions to authors for all the journals in a given field; to increase the database of reviewers for the journals with national and international scientists; to pay for the evaluation depending on the time taken by the reviewer; to include a strict deadline for the authors to send back a corrected version of a revised manuscript; to move from printed, more expensive journals, to online, cheaper journals, as a means of increasing the number of pages per issue.
Characteristics of newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis in a third-level university hospital in Colombia
Authors: Torres Javier , Espinosa Laura Lorena , García Ángela Marcela , Mideros Alejandra María , Usubillaga Enrique 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is, over all newborn surgical afflictions, the most deathly, representing the main GI problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and a medical/surgical emergency in which early diagnosis and opportune treatment may diminish surgical needs and mortality. Objective: To describe the features of patients with NEC attended at a third-level hospital NICU in the city of Cali in 2006.Method and materials: We conducted a pilot descriptive retrospective study that included 32 clinical records of newborns in the NICU (named CIRENA) from the Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV) with NEC diagnosis. Finally, we made a descriptive analysis of the data by using the Epi-Info statistics program. Results: In 2006, 1555 newborns were admitted to HUV-CIRENA and 32 (2%) of them were diagnosed with NEC, a percentage that is similar to that of other countries; half of which weighed less than 1500 grams and only three pregnant women had adequate prenatal care, 17(53.1%) of these newborns were female and 15(46.9%) were male. Conclusions: Although the majority of NEC cases occurs in premature and/or very low weight children, it is outstanding the number of full-term newborns, either on gestational age and weight, that developed early NEC. There is a visible relationship among low birth weight, prematurity, and the development of NEC, especially in the higher degrees of the disease, where the tendency is the presentation of late NEC.
Flawed and Fine? The Statue of Hel in the Museo Egizio, Turin (Cat. 7352)
Authors: Poole Federico 
Published: December 2019

The article is a study of a seated female statue held in the Museo Egizio in Turin (Cat. 7352), so far mentioned in scholarly literature only in passing. It depicts a woman named Hel, whose involvement in cult activity is emphasized by the menat collar she holds and by references to music-making in one of the two texts inscribed on the pedestal. The sculpture, acquired by the museum in 1824 with the Drovetti collection, dates from the Nineteenth Dynasty and originates in all likelihood from Saqqara. While it belongs squarely within a well-defined tradition of New Kingdom elite sculpture, it displays some apparently unique peculiarities, which raise some questions of interpretation.
ملخص البحث
تضم المقالة دراسة حول تمثال أنثى جالسة و محفوظ في المتحف المصري في تورينو (Cat. 7352) ، لم يرد ذكره حتى الآن في الدراسات العلمية إلا بشكل عابر. يُصوِّر امرأة تُدعى "هيل"، نعلم أنها كانت تشارك في نشاطات دينية و ذلك من خلال طوق الـ"مينات" الذي تضعه وأيضاً من خلال أحد النصوص المنقوشة على قاعدة التمثال والذي يشير إلى الموسيقى. حصل المتحف على التمثال في عام 1824 مع مجموعة دروفيتي، يعود تاريخه إلى الأسرة التاسعة عشرة ويرجع أصله غالباً إلى سقارة. أغلب الظن أنه ينتمي إلى تقليد محددة في نحت الشخصيات المرموقة لدى عصر الدولة الحديثة، غير أنه يعرض بعض الخصائص الفريدة والتي تثير بعض الأسئلة حول تفسيرها.
La estrategia DOTS, en búsqueda de la cura para la tuberculosis
Authors: Cardona Vélez Jonathan , Jiménez Cotes Evert Armando , Mejía Cardona Laura 
Published: December 2019

Introducción: en la actualidad, la tuberculosis es considerada un problema mundial de salud pública de grave magnitud que requiere atención urgente y causa considerables costos directos e indirectos a los individuos y la sociedad. Directly Observed Therapy-Short Course (DOTS) es una estrategia acortada supervisada para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, cuyo fin es asegurar la curación de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar los conceptos y elementos claves que integran la estrategia DOTS en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis. Metodología: se hizo una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed y Lilacs, empleando los términos: DOTS y tuberculosis. Se incluyeron todos los artículos de revisión en inglés y español con acceso gratuito que incluyeran un abordaje integral a dicha estrategia. Resultados: para el año 2000, 148 países habían adoptado la estrategia DOTS de la OMS para el control de la TB y un 27% de los casos mundiales de TB fueron tratados bajo esta. Aunque apreciable, este progreso no ha sido suficiente. Debido a problemas con los recursos humanos, recortes financieros, infraestructura inadecuada para la atención en salud y falta de abastecimiento seguro de fármacos antituberculosos de buena calidad, la estrategia DOTS no ha logrado un rápido crecimiento. Conclusiones: DOTS es una estrategia adecuada para asegurar la curación de la tuberculosis; sin embargo, son necesarias mayores inversiones económicas que busquen la prevención y adecuado control de esta enfermedad. [Cardona J, Jiménez E, Mejía L. La estrategia Directly Observe Therapy ShortCourse (DOTS), en búsqueda de la cura para la tuberculosis. MedUNAB 2014;16(3):143-148]
Uso de condón en la primera relación sexual en estudiantes entre 18 y 26 años de una universidad pública
Authors: Martínez Torres Javier , Parada Capacho Lince , Duarte Klarenna 
Published: December 2019

El conocimiento de las prácticas sexuales en los adultos jóvenes es necesario para ejecutar acciones preventivas enfocadas a la disminución de infecciones de transmisión sexual y embarazos no deseados. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de uso de condón en la primera relación sexual en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo trasversal con análisis de casos y controles, en estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 26 años de edad, el tamaño de la muestra fue de 580 participantes. Resultados: Aproximadamente la mitad de los estudiados refirieron haber usado el condón, durante la primera relación sexual; no se encontró asociación entre el género masculino y el uso del preservativo en la primera relación sexual, similar tendencia se encontró con el estrato y la religión. Al realizar el análisis en la tendencia sexual se encontró que pertenecer al grupo heterosexual está asociado, la cual se mantiene al realizar el ajuste. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de personas que usaron preservativo en su primera relación es bajo, ya que los resultados indican que aproximadamente una de cada dos personas se exponen a infecciones de trasmisión sexual y desarrollo de embarazos no deseados, desde el momento en que se inician en la vida sexual activa. [Martínez J, Parada L, Duarte Kl. Uso de condón en la primera relación sexual en estudiantes entre 18 y 26 años de una Universidad Pública. MedUNAB 2014; 16(3):112-117]
La educación superior y la investigación. Una mirada desde Brasil
Authors: Osorio Sierra Rosa Adela 
Published: December 2019

Con el deseo de crecer y compartir el espacio y divulgación, la revista MedUNAB invita a la comunida cientifíca en ciencias de la salud del Brasil para que publiquen sus artículos científicos o el resultado de sus investigaciones en nuestra revista. Brasil como "pais del futuro" ha vivido notables transformaciones y ha alcanzado grandes conquistas. La educación y la Salud se consideran un derecho de toda la población y un deber del Estado, así lo afirman la Constitución.
Kveenien omakielisen lukemisen traditio ja sen merkitys kielen säilymiselle
Authors: Niiranen Leena 
Published: December 2019

This article examines the reading habits of the Kven minority in Norway. Historical sources note that Kvens were able to read in Finnish already in the 18th century. Up to the middle of the 19th century, most books printed in Finnish were religious texts written in Old Literary Finnish. During the Early Modern Finnish period (1820–1870), more secular literature appeared.
Although the Kvens mostly read religious texts, they also read some secular literature. Kvens would gather to read religious books written in Old Literary Finnish in homes following a religious tradition of repetitive reading. It is quite probable that this reading practice had an impact on Kven language maintenance. Extensive reading refers to the reading of many different types of texts. In Finland, extensive reading expanded among common people during the Early Modern Finnish period. By contrast, extensive reading among Kvens was most often conducted in Norwegian.
The two Norwegian official written standards, bokmål and nynorsk. Linguistic and ideological implications of national bilingualism and biliteracy.
Authors: Bull Tove 
Published: December 2019

The long-lasting Norwegian history of official biliteracy with two equal written standards has attracted the interest of many scholars, both nationally and internationally. The present paper gives an overview of the historical development more or less similar to what is found in most Norwegian language histories, though with a different perspective. The paper discusses and seeks to answer the following questions: What was the ultimate aim of the language planners in the new independent nation state of Norway after 1814? Did they reach this aim? If not, what was achieved instead?
The historical development of bokmål and nynorsk is explained as well as the present- day linguistic situation in Norway. Practical samples of both language forms are given, and language reforms, which have been important to both written standards, are discussed in chronological order.
Sentiment Analysis Using Random Forest Algorithm-Online Social Media Based
Authors: Bahrawi Nfn 
Published: December 2019

Every day billions of data in the form of text flood the internet be it sourced from forums, blogs, social media, or review sites. With the help of sentiment analysis, previously unstructured data can be transformed into more structured data and make this data important information. The data can describe opinions / sentiments from the public, about products, brands, community services, services, politics, or other topics. Sentiment analysis is one of the fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that builds systems for recognizing and extracting opinions in text form. At the most basic level, the goal is to get emotions or 'feelings' from a collection of texts or sentences. The field of sentiment analysis, or also called 'opinion mining', always involves some form of data mining process to get the text that will later be carried out the learning process in the mechine learning that will be built. this study conducts a sentimental analysis with data sources from Twitter using the Random Forest algorithm approach, we will measure the evaluation results of the algorithm we use in this study. The accuracy of measurements in this study, around 75%. the model is good enough. but we suggest trying other algorithms in further research. Keywords: sentiment analysis; random forest algorithm; clasification; machine learnings.
Международная конференция «Лишайники: от молекул до экосистем»
Authors: Дёгтева С. В. , Головко Т. К. , Пыстина Т. Н. 
Published: December 2019

С 9 по 12 сентября 2019 г. в г. Сыктывкаре (Республика Коми) проходила Международная конференция «Лишайники: от молекул до экосистем (Lichens: from molecules to ecosystems)». Инициатором ее проведения являлся Институт биологии Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Соучредителями выступили Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН, Коми отделение Русского ботанического общества, Коми отделение Общества физиологов растений России. Партнеры конференции – Печоро-Илычский государственный природный биосферный заповедник, национальный парк «Югыд ва» и Финно-угорский этнокультурный парк. На конференции были рассмотрены фундаментальные направления современной лихенологии. В ее работе приняли участие представители восьми стран (Россия, Республика Беларусь, Эстония, Польша, Швеция, Индия, ЮАР, Чили), заслушано и обсуждено 48 докладов. Программа конференции включала следующие направления: биологическое разнообразие и распространениелишайников; роль лишайников в растительных сообществах и экосистемах; экспериментальная биология и экология лишайников; современные методы исследования лишайников; лихенология и образование. После конференции были организованы научные полевые экскурсии в национальный парк «Югыд ва», Печоро-Илычский заповедник, ботанический заказник «Сыктывкарский».
RANCANG BANGUN DAN PERFORMA GENERATOR DC LOW HEAD PICOHYDRO DI DAERAH CIPANAS-BOGOR
Authors: Soehada Ahmad Maulana 
Published: December 2019

Salah satu solusinya untuk menghasilkan listrik adalah dengan memanfaatkan sumber energi baru dan terbarukan yang berasal dari air yaitu pembangkit listrik tenaga air. Low head picohydro merupakan pembangkit listrik sekala kecil dengan ketinggian permukaan air (head) 3 m dengan kemampuan menghasilkan listrik kurang dari 100 - 5000 W. Rancang bangun low head picohydro dikonstruksi di Cipanas-Bogor dengan debit air maksimal 13 l/s. Low head picohydro menggunakan modifikasi turbin kaplan sebagai penggerak generator DC. Hasil rancang bangun sistem pembangkit low head picohydro dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk skala yang lebih besar. Performa dari low head picohydro yang telah dibuat mampu menghasilkan output tegangan 72 volt (tanpa beban) dan 40 volt DC (dengan beban). Generator DC low head picohydro menghasilkan arus listrik maksimum 3,6 amper, daya keluran 144 watt dan efisiensi 69%.