bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial analyst coverage for U.S. firms facing foreign competition: Evidence from trade liberalization
Authors: Lee Dongyoung , Wen He 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examines financial analyst coverage for U.S. firms following an increase in foreign product market competition. To capture exogenous shocks to domestic firms' competitive environments, we exploit a quasi‐natural experiment from large import tariff reductions over the 1984 to 2005 period in the manufacturing sector. Using data for the years before and after large tariff reductions, our difference‐in‐differences analysis shows evidence of a significant decrease in analyst coverage for incumbent U.S. firms when they face greater entry threat from foreign competitors. We also find that analysts with less firm‐specific experience and less accurate prior‐period forecasts are more likely to stop following the domestic firm when foreign competition intensifies. Overall, the findings suggest that foreign product market competition from global trade liberalization is an important determinant of financial analysts' coverage decisions.
A health‐related quality of life model for patients undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: Jung Hye Min , Kim Hye Young 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to construct and verify a model that explains and predicts the health‐related quality of life in patients undergoing haemodialysis.BackgroundIndividual and disease‐related characteristics, social support, physical and emotional symptoms, patient role adherence and perceived health status may be interrelated and might affect the health‐related quality of life of patients undergoing haemodialysis directly or indirectly.DesignA correlational, cross‐sectional research design was used.MethodsParticipants were 202 patients undergoing haemodialysis at one of the seven nephrology clinics specified in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from September–November 2017. The collected data were analysed using spss version 25.0® and amos 23.0. This study adhered to the STROBE guideline.ResultsThe hypothetical model with 13 of the 15 analysed paths showed a good fit to the empirical data: χ2 = 85.67 (p < .001), normed χ2 = 2.14, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.97, NFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.08, and RMSR = 0.04. Symptoms (fatigue, quality of sleep, and depression), environmental (social support) and individual (age) characteristics and general health perception had a direct effect on health‐related quality of life. Additionally, individual and environment characteristics affected health‐related quality of life through biological functions, symptoms, functional status and general health perception. These variables explained 78.6% of the variation in health‐related quality of life.ConclusionsTo improve health‐related quality of life in patients undergoing haemodialysis, systematic and integrated intervention programmes need to be developed and applied considering a variety of factors related to health‐related quality of life.Relevance to clinical practiceIndividual and environment characteristics, biological functions, symptoms, functional status and general health perception should be systematically monitored to improve the health‐related quality of life of patients on haemodialysis. It is also necessary to develop detailed interventions that consider all these factors.
Perspectives of residents and staff regarding food choice in residential aged care: A qualitative study
Authors: Wang Donna , Everett Bronwyn , Brunero Scott , Northall Tiffany , Villarosa Amy R. , Salamonson Yenna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of food choice and meal service in residential aged care facilities and its impact on autonomy, self‐determination and quality of life from the perspectives of both residents and staff.BackgroundGlobally, residential aged care is a principal provider of care for older people who can no longer live independently at home. Within this setting, lack of food choice has been identified as a significant factor impacting on residents' self‐determination, sense of autonomy and quality of life.DesignThis study used an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach guided by self‐determination theory.MethodA total of 14 participants (seven residents and seven staff members) from two Australian residential aged care facilities were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling with assistance from one independent contact nurse at each facility. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted, digitally recorded and transcribed. The COREQ checklist was used in this qualitative study.ResultsThree main themes were identified from the interview data provided by residents and staff, which were as follows: (a) catering for the masses; (b) organisational barriers to providing choice; and (c) food impacts well‐being.ConclusionsThis study explored the experiences of food choice and service in residential aged care facilities, from the perspectives of both residents and staff. Results of interviews highlighted the importance of providing adequate food choice which has become an enduring issue that requires more attention and commitment to make a positive change for residents living in residential aged care facilities.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses and other staff working in residential aged care facilities need to be aware of the importance of providing adequate food choice, including for residents who require modified diets. As advocates for residents, nursing staff must address the persistent lack of food choice. However, this will require a radical change in organisational culture and strong leadership.
Patient safety before and after implementing person‐centred inpatient care — A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Jakobsson Sofie , Ringström Gisela , Andersson Eva , Eliasson Björn , Johannsson Gudmundur , Simrén Magnus , Jakobsson Ung Eva 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate aspects of patient safety before and after a person‐centred (PC) inpatient care intervention.BackgroundTransitioning from disease‐centred to person‐centred care requires great effort but can improve patient safety.DesignA quasi‐experimental study with data collection preceding and 12 months after a PC inpatient care intervention.MethodsThe study consecutively recruited adult patients (2014, n = 263; 2015/2016, n = 221) admitted to an inpatient care unit. The patients reported experiences of care at discharge and their perceived pain at admission and discharge. Medical records were reviewed to gather data on medications, planned care and clinical observations. The study is reported according to TREND guidelines.ResultsAt discharge, patients receiving PC inpatient care reported competent medical‐technical care. Patients receiving PC inpatient care reported more effective pain relief. Updated prescribed medications at the ward were maintained, and patients were made aware of planned medical care to higher extent during PC inpatient care. The assessment of pulse and body temperature was maintained, but fewer elective care patients had their blood pressure taken during PC inpatient care. Weight assessment was not prioritised during usual or PC inpatient care.ConclusionsPatients receiving PC inpatient care reported that they were given the best possible care and had less pain at discharge. The PC inpatient care included improved documentation and communication of planned medical care to the patients. Vital signs were more frequently recorded for patients admitted for acute care than patients admitted for elective care. PC inpatient care had no effect on frequency of weight measurements.Relevance to clinical practicePC inpatient care seems beneficial for the patients. Aspects of patient safety such as prescribed medications were maintained, and PC inpatient care seems to enhance the continuity of care. Inpatient clinical observations need further evaluation as healthcare transitions from disease‐centred to person‐centred care.
Securitization, Ratings, and Credit Supply
Authors: DALEY BRENDAN , GREEN BRETT , VANASCO VICTORIA 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWe develop a framework to explore the effect of credit ratings on loan origination. We show that ratings endogenously shift the economy from asignalingequilibrium, in which banks inefficiently retain loans to signal quality, toward anoriginate‐to‐distributeequilibrium with zero retention and inefficiently low lending standards. Ratings increase overall efficiency, provided that the reduction in costly retention more than compensates for the origination of some negative net present value loans. We study how banks' ability to screen loans affects these predictions and use the model to analyze commonly proposed policies such as mandatory “skin in the game.”
Depressive Symptoms and Academic Achievement: The Role of Adolescents’ Perceptions of Teachers’ and Peers’ Behaviors
Authors: Diaconu‐Gherasim Loredana R. , Măirean Cornelia 
Published: November 2019

This present study, using a longitudinal design, investigated how depressive symptoms are related to academic achievement and whether the perceptions of teachers’ and peers’ behaviors moderated this relation. A sample of 302 adolescents (60.10% girls, Mage = 17.35) completed scales measuring the depressive symptoms and perception of their teachers’ support/equity and peers’ cooperation/cohesiveness behaviors at Time 1. The adolescents’ average grades were also collected. The adolescents’ depressive symptoms and average grades were measured again at Time 2. The results showed that depressive symptoms measured at Time 1 were negatively associated with academic achievement measured at Time 2. The adolescents’ perception of their peers’ cooperation/cohesiveness moderated the relation between depressive symptoms and academic achievement. The results’ implications for educational practice are discussed.
Graded balloon atrial septostomy for palliation of congenital pulmonary hypertension in a dog: A case report
Authors: Allen Justin , Peterson Nathan , Barrett Kirstie , Llamas Anthony 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCase DescriptionA 6‐month‐old intact female Maltese dog was presented for acute onset of syncope.Clinical FindingsThe dog was presented for collapse upon excitement and exercise. It collapsed at discharge and suffered cardiopulmonary arrest. Echocardiography after resuscitation indicated severe pulmonary hypertension without evidence of intracardiac or extracardiac shunting. A presumptive diagnosis of congenital pulmonary hypertension was made.Treatment and OutcomeInitial treatment with sildenafil was effective at relieving syncope, but the extent of pulmonary hypertension as determined by serial echocardiography was unchanged. Graded balloon atrial septostomy was performed as a palliative procedure. Follow‐up echocardiography identified a patent interatrial communication with bidirectional shunting. The dog remained asymptomatic 18 months after treatment.Clinical RelevanceTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report in the veterinary literature of graded balloon atrial septostomy performed for therapeutic purposes. Further studies are required to determine if this palliative procedure is a beneficial treatment option for dogs with congenital or severe refractory pulmonary hypertension.
The frictional and adhesive properties of the shells of terrestrial hairy snails
Authors: Shvydka Z. , Kovalev A. , Gorb S.N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHair‐like structures of the shell in some terrestrial snails have been suggested to represent an adaptive advantage. One of the recently proposed explanations was the hypothesis that the possession of hairs facilitates the snails' adherence to the leaves of the plants during foraging, when humidity levels are high. In order to obtain some reliable data to test this contact mechanics hypothesis, the present paper deals with the frictional and adhesive properties of the smooth and hairy shells of two species of terrestrial mollusks, Trochulus hispidus and T. villosulus. Additionally, actively generated traction force of the snails was measured on different substrates. The conducted experiments revealed that in wet conditions the hairiness indeed increases friction and that adhesion through the water film is high enough to retain the weight of the snail. However, possession of long hairs decreases the adhesion, in comparison with the animals with short hairs. Our data suggest that hair‐like structures require more energy expenditure during locomotion and only provide the advantage of higher adhesion on wet substrates. Obtained maximal traction forces were about 30 times higher than friction forces of the shell surface dragged over the substrate. Neither wetting condition of the substrate nor surface roughness had considerable effect on the traction forces of snails. Therefore, the function of the hair‐like structures seems not to be related with snail locomotion and adhesion.
High‐throughput transposon sequencing highlights the cell wall as an important barrier for osmotic stress in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and underlines a tailored response to different osmotic stressors
Authors: Schuster Christopher F. , Wiedemann David M. , Kirsebom Freja C. M. , Santiago Marina , Walker Suzanne , Gründling Angelika 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause soft tissue infections but is also a frequent cause of foodborne illnesses. One contributing factor for this food association is its high salt tolerance allowing this organism to survive commonly used food preservation methods. How this resistance is mediated is poorly understood, particularly during long‐term exposure. In this study, we used transposon sequencing (TN‐seq) to understand how the responses to osmotic stressors differ. Our results revealed distinctly different long‐term responses to NaCl, KCl and sucrose stresses. In addition, we identified the DUF2538 domain containing gene SAUSA300_0957 (gene 957) as essential under salt stress. Interestingly, a 957 mutant was less susceptible to oxacillin and showed increased peptidoglycan crosslinking. The salt sensitivity phenotype could be suppressed by amino acid substitutions in the transglycosylase domain of the penicillin‐binding protein Pbp2, and these changes restored the peptidoglycan crosslinking to WT levels. These results indicate that increased crosslinking of the peptidoglycan polymer can be detrimental and highlight a critical role of the bacterial cell wall for osmotic stress resistance. This study will serve as a starting point for future research on osmotic stress response and help develop better strategies to tackle foodborne staphylococcal infections.
Self‐care ability and sense of security among older persons when using an app as a tool for support
Authors: Göransson Carina , Wengström Yvonne , Ziegert Kristina , Langius‐Eklöf Ann , Blomberg Karin 
Published: November 2019

The study’s rationaleThe need for home care among older persons is increasing, and mHealth is evolving to help meet the challenge. When developing an app to help maintain their health, it is essential to incorporate older persons’ preferences.Aims and objectivesTo describe and evaluate the experiences of self‐care support and sense of security among older persons using an interactive app to report health concerns.Methodological design and justificationThe study had a descriptive and evaluative design. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to achieve a broader understanding.Ethical issues and approvalEthical approval was obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board. The older persons received verbal and oral information about the study and gave written informed consent.Research methodsQuestionnaires (n = 17 older persons) answered at baseline, end of the intervention and at a 6‐month follow‐up were analysed with statistical analysis. Interviews (n = 17 older persons) conducted at the end of the intervention were analysed using a qualitative directed approach.Measurements and interventionThe questionnaire included the Appraisal of Self‐care Agency Scale and a question concerning sense of security. For 3 months, the older persons used an app for regular reporting of health concerns. The app included self‐care advice, graphs and a risk assessment model that generated alerts directly to the nurses.ResultsThe older persons described how self‐care and sense of security increased at the end of intervention, but statistically, it was shown to decrease afterwards.Study limitationsThe small sample size for statistical analysis.ConclusionsThis study shows that an app can be a complementary tool to conventional home care that can increase older persons’ sense of security and self‐care ability. The results mirror the older persons’ awareness that the support they received with the app was only temporary. Larger studies are needed for generalisation.
Distinctions between experiences of anger and sadness in children's and adolescents' narrative accounts of peer injury
Authors: Recchia Holly Elizabeth , Wainryb Cecilia , Dirks Melanie , Riedel Monique , Bodington Malene 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChildren's varied emotions following peer injury may reflect distinct ways of understanding and coping with such events. This study examined how children's references to anger and sadness in their accounts of peer injury were differentially related to narrative descriptions of their motivations, interpretations, evaluations, and behavioral responses, as well as the relationships in which harm occurred. We also explored how these associations between emotions and other narrative elements varied with age. The study was based on a corpus of 275 transcripts of oral narratives recounted by equal numbers of boys and girls across three age groups: 7, 11, and 16 years. In line with functionalist theories, anger was uniquely linked to maximizing attributions, indignation, and aggression, after accounting for age and gender. Sadness was related to harm in close relationships and relational goals, underlining the value placed on relationships with the offender, as well as a sense of powerlessness and confusion. Some associations between emotions and other narrative elements varied with age, suggesting that children's experiences of anger and sadness became increasingly agentic and relationally oriented. Findings suggest how narrative constructions of meaning about peer injury may serve as contexts for reflecting on how anger and sadness emerge from and are resolved through interpersonal relationships.
Three types of mathematical representational translations: Comparing empirical and theoretical results
Authors: Adu‐Gyamfi Kwaku , Bossé Michael J. , Lynch‐Davis Kathleen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious research has investigated the representational translation practices of high school students, high school teachers, and college preservice teachers in various mathematical contexts including linear functions. Findings from qualitative research has frequently led to new notions about participant work and understanding. Many quantitative research has investigated the degree to which some in these populations correctly perform these translations. However, it seems that only infrequently have empirical research investigated findings from qualitative studies and vice versa, and findings regarding one population are rarely compared with findings of another population. This study (a) empirically explores the frequency of success of preservice teachers (N = 80) regarding representational translations in the context of linear functions, (b) quantifies results from previous qualitative, literature‐based research regarding high school students and teachers, and (c) quantitatively compares the results. This study demonstrates that some mathematical representational translations are more difficult than others.
Students' gendered perceptions of mathematics in middle grades single‐sex and coeducational classrooms
Authors: Kombe Dennis , Che S. Megan , Bridges William 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the introduction of single‐sex classroom settings in coeducational public schools, there is an ongoing debate as to whether single‐sex education may reduce or reinforce traditional stereotypes and gender roles. In this article we present findings from a study that investigated the extent to which mathematics is perceived as a gendered domain among adolescent students enrolled in single‐sex classes and coeducational classes. Further we analyzed the relationships between student characteristics, class‐type, and teacher variables on students' perceptions of gender in mathematics. Findings from this study challenge the traditional view of mathematics as a male domain. Female participants more frequently considered mathematics to be a female domain than the male participants. Male participants, on the other hand, typically did not stereotype the mathematics as a gendered domain. Results from this study do not indicate, for girls at least, that participation in single‐sex classes results in a greater propensity to stereotype mathematics as a gendered domain than would be the case in coeducational classes. This study contributes to the evolving discourse and understanding of adolescents' gendered attitudes and beliefs towards mathematics—especially in light of stereotyped assertions that have a bearing on efforts to promote the learning of mathematics and science.
The role of processing trade in exporters' responses to exchange rate: Evidence from China
Authors: Xie Yiqing , Song Chao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProcessing trade is an important exporting mode for many countries developed by the export‐oriented industrialisation such as 1960s Japan, 1990s Korea and 2000s China. Exporters who rely on processing trade for foreign profits do not enjoy much market power, and hence care more about exchange rate changes. We develop a model to illustrate how processing trade affects exporters' responses to exchange rate fluctuations. The model suggests that the elasticity of export price with respect to exchange rate for processing‐trade exporters is greater than that of the ordinary‐trade exporters, while the elasticity of export quantity of processing‐trade exporters is smaller compared to their ordinary‐trade counterparts. Most developing countries' governments offer processing‐trade exporters better tax/tariff reduction policy to encourage exporting, which grants processing‐trade exporters additional advantage to adjust more on export price and less on quantity when facing changes in exchange rate and therefore causes their different responses to exchange rate fluctuations. We find strong empirical supports by studying the data from China, which is the largest developing country and biggest processing‐trade exporter.