bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiles of sleep changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Demographic, behavioural and psychological factors
Authors: Robillard Rebecca , Dion Karianne , Pennestri Marie‐Helene , Solomonova Elizaveta , Lee Elliott , Saad Mysa , Murkar Anthony , Godbout Roger , Edwards Jodi D. , Quilty Lena , Daros Alexander R. , Bhatla Raj , Kendzerska Tetyana 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate changes in sleep during the COVID‐19 outbreak, and used data‐driven approaches to identify distinct profiles of changes in sleep‐related behaviours. Demographic, behavioural and psychological factors associated with sleep changes were also investigated. An online population survey assessing sleep and mental health was distributed between 3 April and 24 June 2020. Retrospective questions were used to estimate temporal changes from before to during the outbreak. In 5,525 Canadian respondents (67.1% females, 16–95 years old: Mean ± SD = 55.6 ± 16.3 years), wake‐up times were significantly delayed relative to pre‐outbreak estimates (p < .001, = 0.04). Occurrences of clinically meaningful sleep difficulties significantly increased from 36.0% before the outbreak to 50.5% during the outbreak (all p < .001, g ≥ 0.27). Three subgroups with distinct profiles of changes in sleep behaviours were identified: “Reduced Time in Bed”, “Delayed Sleep” and “Extended Time in Bed”. The “Reduced Time in Bed” and “Delayed Sleep” subgroups had more adverse sleep outcomes and psychological changes during the outbreak. The emergence of new sleep difficulties was independently associated with female sex, chronic illnesses, being employed, family responsibilities, earlier wake‐up times, higher stress levels, as well as heavier alcohol use and television exposure. The heterogeneity of sleep changes in response to the pandemic highlights the need for tailored interventions to address sleep problems.
Identification of the sleep–wake states in rats using the high‐frequency activity of the electroencephalogram
Authors: Silva‐Pérez Manuel , Sánchez‐López Alvaro , Pompa‐del‐Toro Natalia , Escudero Miguel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe electroencephalographic signal constitutes the main sign classically used for the identification of states of alertness. However, activities in the high frequency (>100 Hz) range have not been properly studied despite their high potential for sleep scoring in rodents. In the present study, we designed a method for the identification of the sleep–wake states in rats by exclusively using high‐frequency activities of the electroencephalogram. By calculating the ratio between the amplitude of the electroencephalographic signal from 110 to 200 Hz and from 110 to 300 Hz, we obtained an index that had values that were low during wakefulness, intermediate during non‐REM sleep and high during REM sleep. This high‐frequency index (HiFI) allowed the identification of each state without the need to study other signs such as muscle activity or eye movements. To evaluate the performance of the index, we compared it with the conventional scoring of the sleep–wake cycle based upon the study of the electromyogram and delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (6–9 Hz) and sigma (10–14 Hz) bands of the electroencephalogram. The index had an accuracy of 90.43 ± 1.91% (Cohen's kappa value of 0.82), confirming that the study of the high‐frequency activities of the electroencephalogram was sufficient to reliably identify alertness states in the rat. Compared to other sleep‐scoring methods, the HiFI has several advantages. It only requires one electroencephalography electrode, thus reducing the severity of the surgical preparation of the experimental animal, and its calculation is very simple, so it can be easily implemented online to classify sleep–wake states in real time.
Evidence for dynamic in vivo interconversion of the conformational states of IscU during iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis
Authors: Sato Sakiko , Matsushima Yumeka , Kanazawa Miaki , Tanaka Naoyuki , Fujishiro Takashi , Kunichika Kouhei , Nakamura Ryosuke , Tomioka Hiroaki , Wada Kei , Takahashi Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIscU is a central component of the ISC machinery and serves as a scaffold for de novo assembly of Fe–S clusters. The dedicated chaperone system composed of the Hsp70‐chaperone HscA and the J‐protein cochaperone HscB synergistically interacts with IscU and facilitates cluster transfer from IscU to recipient apo‐proteins. Here, we report that the otherwise essential roles of HscA and HscB can be bypassed in vivo by a number of single amino acid substitutions in IscU. CD spectroscopic studies of the variant IscU proteins capable of this bypass activity revealed dynamic interconversion between two conformations: the denatured (D) and the structured (S) state in the absence and presence of Zn2+, respectively, which was far more prominent than interconversion observed in wild‐type IscU. Furthermore, we found that neither the S‐shifted (more structured) variants of IscU nor the perpetually denatured variants could perform their in vivo role regardless of whether the chaperone system was present or not. The present study thus provides for the first time evidence that an in vivo D‐state of IscU exists and implies that conformational interconversion between the S‐ and D‐states of the scaffolding protein is a fundamental requirement for the assembly and transfer of the Fe–S cluster.
Predictors of successful weight loss outcomes amongst individuals with obesity undergoing lifestyle interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Chopra Sakshi , Malhotra Anita , Ranjan Piyush , Vikram Naval K. , Sarkar Siddharth , Siddhu Anupa , Kumari Archana , Kaloiya Gauri Shankar , Kumar Amit 
Published: November 2020

SummaryUnderstanding the predictors of weight loss with lifestyle interventions can help to ascertain the probable outcomes of individuals with obesity who undergo such interventions. This systematic review assessed the evidence of predictors of successful weight loss among individuals who are overweight or with obesity undergoing lifestyle interventions. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, PsychInfo and Wiley) were searched to find relevant literature published in the past 20 years. A total of 1351 titles were identified in the initial search, of which 23 studies were finally included. Predictors were synthesized in the domains of socio‐demographic factors, anthropometric parameters, psychological and behavioural factors and intervention‐based factors. The overall quality of evidence on predictors was then appraised using an adapted GRADE approach. Patient‐specific factors such as being male, older in age, having existing cardiometabolic comorbidities and limited fat intake were significantly associated with weight loss success. Amongst intervention specific predictors, greater initial weight loss and higher adherence to lifestyle advice were associated with greater weight loss success. In this review, initial weight loss came out to be as the most important predictor of successful weight loss outcome.
Immune response to cytosolic DNA via intercellular receptor modulation in oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts
Authors: Naruse Takako , Ohta Kouji , Kato Hiroki , Ishida Yoko , Shigeishi Hideo , Sakuma Miyuki , Fukui Akiko , Nakagawa Takayuki , Tobiume Kei , Nishi Hiromi , Takechi Masaaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveDouble‐strand (ds) DNA‐enveloped viruses can cause oral infection. Our aim is to investigate whether oral mucosal cells participate in immune response against cytosolic dsDNA invasion.MethodsWe examined the response to transfected herpes simplex virus (HSV) dsDNA via intracellular receptors in oral keratinocytes (RT7) and fibroblasts (GT1), and the effect of TNF‐α on those responses.ResultsTransfected dsDNA increased CXCL10 expression via NF‐κB activation in both cell types, while those responses were inhibited by knockdown of RIG‐I, an RNA sensor. Although IFI16, a DNA sensor, was expressed in the nuclei of both types, its knockdown decreased transfected dsDNA‐induced CXCL10 expression in GT1 but not RT7 cells. IFI16 in GT1 cells was translocated into cytoplasm from nuclei, which was attributed to immune response to cytosolic dsDNA. TNF‐α enhanced transfected dsDNA‐induced CXCL10, and knockdown of IFI16 decreased TNF‐α and dsDNA‐driven CXCL10 expression in both RT7 and GT1 cells. Finally, the combination of TNF‐α and transfected dsDNA resulted in translocation of IFI16 from nuclei to cytoplasm in RT7 cells.ConclusionRIG‐I and IFI16 in oral mucosal cells may play important roles in host immune response against DNA viral infection, while TNF‐α contributes to development of an antiviral system via those intracellular receptors.
Information needs and oral epithelial dysplasia: Development and psychometric evaluation of a novel instrument
Authors: Alsoghier Abdullah , Riordain Richeal Ni , Fedele Stefano , Liew Colin , Porter Stephen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesOral epithelial dysplasia (OED) can lead to significant information needs (IN) related to the risk of cancer development, the need for long‐term monitoring and potential intervention. The present study aimed to develop and perform preliminary psychometric testing for a novel IN instrument specific to OED.Subjects and methodsPatients diagnosed with OED were invited to complete the Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Informational Needs Questionnaire (ODIN‐Q), which was developed based on a known theoretical framework and with items generated via expert input and the literature. Face validity and content validity were initially assessed prior to finalisation of the tool. ODIN‐Q was tested for internal consistency and test–retest reliability along with construct validity.ResultsODIN‐Q consists of 35 items, categorised under six domains, and rated by dual 4‐point Likert scales (amount of information received and degree of importance). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was rated “excellent” for the scale (0.93) and both subscales (0.92/0.94). For test–retest reliability, moderate agreement was found (κ = 0.49–0.53). Regarding construct validity, a significant but limited relationship was found between ODIN‐Q and the Krantz Health Opinion Survey.ConclusionODIN‐Q showed adequate psychometric properties of reliability and validity. Further validation is, however, needed to assess its structural validity and responsiveness.
How and when are learning‐adaptable newcomers innovative? Examining mechanisms and constraints
Authors: Boulamatsi Artemis , Liu Songqi , Lambert Lisa Schurer , Yao Xiang , Guo Rui , Yin Jingfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigher levels of learning adaptability at work are expected to help performance when individuals encounter an unfamiliar environment, such as during organizational entry. However, little is known about how and when newcomer learning adaptability drives innovative behaviors. Drawing on and extending individual adaptability theory, we propose that two mediating mechanisms, positive framing and task mastery, may transmit the effect of learning adaptability on innovative behavior, with supervisor's tendency to avoid uncertain situations posited as a boundary condition. The proposed hypotheses were tested using multi‐source, multi‐wave data from three companies. We found that learning adaptability indirectly impacts innovative behavior via positive framing but not via task mastery. In addition, supervisor uncertainty avoidance moderated the relationship between learning adaptability and positive framing, and task mastery moderated the relationship between positive framing and innovative behavior, supporting a pattern of moderated mediation, such that the indirect relationship between learning adaptability and innovative behavior via positive framing was more positive when both moderators were low. The research findings are discussed in terms of implications for socialization research and practice.
Degrees of Assertability
Authors: Carter Sam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn considering what we ought to say, we can evaluate a proposition both forwhetherit is assertable and forhowassertable it is. The latter notion, that ofcomparative assertability, has an important role to play, both in our epistemic evaluations of speech and in our pragmatic reasoning. Yet, despite this, it has received little prior discussion.This paper takes up the investigation of comparative assertability. §§1–2 provide a preliminary, informal overview of the topic and an operationalization of the target notion. §3 introduces Probabilism, the thesis that a proposition's degree of assertability is determined by its probability. Probabilismhas been assumed in much of what prior discussion on comparative assertability there is. In §4 I present two kinds of problem for Probabilism—problems which, I suggest, when taken in combination, should lead us to look for alternatives. In §5, I formulate and defend one such alternative. Under this proposal, comparative assertability is a matter, not of comparativeprobability, but of comparativenormality. I conclude by demonstrating how adopting this approach allows us to avoid both kinds of problem which beset Probabilism.
Is replacing sedentary time with bouts of physical activity associated with inflammatory biomarkers in children?
Authors: Verswijveren Simone J. J. M. , Salmon Jo , Daly Robin M. , Della Gatta Paul A. , Arundell Lauren , Dunstan David W. , Hesketh Kylie D. , Cerin Ester , Ridgers Nicola D. 
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to investigate the theoretical impact of reallocating a specific amount of sedentary time with an equal amount of (a) total and (b) ≥1‐minute bout‐accumulated time spent in different activity intensities, on inflammatory biomarkers in 8‐ to 9‐year‐old children. Accelerometry and inflammatory biomarker baseline data from the Transform‐Us! Study (complete cases n = 149) were utilized. Isotemporal linear models with the Gaussian distribution and identity link functions were used to assess associations between the activity replacements and seven individual inflammatory biomarkers, including C‐reactive protein (CRP), and Interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐10, as well as combined inflammatory and pro‐inflammatory composite scores. Eighty‐five percent of children met physical activity recommendations. Replacing 10 minutes of sedentary time per day with VPA, regardless of how this was accumulated, was beneficially associated with CRP and both combined composite scores. In contrast, replacing 10 min/day of sedentary time with ≥ 1‐minute MPA bouts was detrimentally associated with CRP and the inflammatory composite score. Substitutions with other activity intensities were not significantly associated with any individual inflammatory biomarkers, or combined inflammatory and pro‐inflammatory composite scores. In healthy and active school‐aged children, evidence of the theoretical impact of replacing sedentary time with physical activity, regardless of intensity or accumulation, on markers of systemic inflammation was limited. Longitudinal research is needed to investigate the long‐term impacts of reallocating sedentary time with physical activity, and particularly VPA, for inflammatory biomarkers in children, including those with increased risk of inflammation.
Adolescent perceptions of inductive discipline as a response to peer aggression: Variation by socialization agent and individual characteristics
Authors: M. Rote Wendy , Corona Alexandria , L. Moore LaSonya , B. Patrick Renee , R. Flak Savannah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInductive discipline can reduce problem behavior and promote moral internalization in children, but its role in reducing peer aggression in adolescence is less well‐understood, especially across diverse socialization agents. Using hypothetical vignettes, this study examined adolescents’ evaluations of and expected emotional reactions to parents’, teachers’, and friends’ inductive responses to peer aggression. Participants were 209 middle school (Mage = 12.29 years) and 266 high school (Mage = 15.86 years) students (68% female, 39.4% White, and 37.7% Black). Adolescents approved of induction and expected it to be somewhat effective at preventing peer aggression and inducing guilt and empathy. When compared with power assertion, adolescents typically viewed induction as the fairer but less effective strategy. Evaluations varied by socialization agent, aggression status, and demographics. Inductions by parents were rated consistently as most impactful and youth who were younger, female, and less aggressive appeared more responsive to such discipline. Results highlight the importance of incorporating parents into peer aggression interventions, combining confrontive and inductive responses, and providing aggressive youth with additional skills to help them better internalize the inductive messages.
Categorical oppression: Performance of identity in South India
Authors: Raj Jayaseelan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhat does ‘identity’ really mean for the migrant workforce beyond its function in production relations? How are forms of identity evoked within broader social relations in a migrant context? This article explores these questions by looking at how the Tamil Dalit tea workers in the South Indian state of Kerala experience the stigmatisation of their identity categories in the context of two significant events that occurred in the tea belt—an economic crisis and a conflict between two states over managing a dam. The way ‘migrant’ workers are categorised in their ‘host’ society is discussed here as fundamental to how they experience life both in and out of their workplaces. Extending Philippe Bourgois's notion of conjugated oppression, I argue that when dominant groups stigmatise, evoke and employ certain aspects of the workers' identities to their disadvantage, they are engaging in a phenomenon that I call ‘categorical oppression’.
Mechanical ventilation restores blood gas homeostasis and diaphragm muscle strength in ketamine/medetomidine‐anaesthetized rats
Authors: Wenzel Christin , Schmidt Johannes , Urban Gerald , Schumann Stefan , Spassov Sashko Georgiev 
Published: November 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Does respiratory support ensure blood gas homeostasis and the relevance of experimental outcomes?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Spontaneous breathing during surgical intervention under anaesthesia results in impaired gas exchange and loss of diaphragm muscle strength in rats. Subsequent short‐term mechanical ventilation restored blood gas homeostasis and diaphragm muscle strength.
Blood gas homeostasis interferes substantially with experimental conditions and may alter study results. Monitoring and maintenance of blood gas balance is required to ensure quality and relevance of physiological animal experiments.

AbstractIn pre‐clinical small animal studies with surgical interventions under general anaesthesia, animals are often left to breathe spontaneously. However, anaesthesia may impair respiratory functions and result in disturbed blood gas homeostasis. In turn, the disturbed blood gas homeostasis can affect physiological functions and thus unintentionally impact the experimental results. We hypothesized that short‐term mechanical ventilation restores blood gas balance and physiological functions despite anaesthesia and surgical interventions. Therefore, we investigated variables of blood gas analyses and diaphragm muscle strength in rats anaesthetized with ketamine/medetomidine after tracheotomy and catheterization of the carotid artery under spontaneous breathing and after 20 min of mechanical ventilation following the same surgical intervention. Spontaneous breathing during general anaesthesia and surgical intervention resulted in unphysiological blood oxygen partial pressure (<65 mmHg) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (>55 mmHg). After subsequent short‐term mechanical ventilation, blood gas partial pressures were restored to their physiological ranges. Additionally, diaphragm muscle strength of animals breathing spontaneously was lower compared to animals that received subsequent mechanical ventilation (P = 0.0063). We conclude that spontaneous breathing of rats under ketamine/medetomidine anaesthesia is not sufficient to maintain a physiological blood gas balance. Disturbed blood gas balance is related to reduced diaphragm muscle strength. Mechanical ventilation for only 20 min restores blood gas homeostasis and muscle strength. Therefore, monitoring and maintenance of blood gas balance should be conducted to ensure quality and relevance of small animal experiments.
Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings: study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia
Authors: Lee Gwenyth O , Schillinger Robert , Shivakumar Nirupama , Whyte Sherine , Huq Sayeeda , Ochieng Konyole Silvenus , Chileshe Justin , Paredes-Olortegui Maribel , Owino Victor , Yazbeck Roger , Kosek Margaret N , Kelly Paul , Morrison Douglas 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionEnvironmental enteropathy (EE) is suspected to be a cause of growth faltering in children with sustained exposure to enteric pathogens, typically in resource-limited settings. A major hindrance to EE research is the lack of sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers. Current biomarkers measure intestinal permeability and inflammation, but not the functional capacity of the gut. Australian researchers have demonstrated proof of concept for an EE breath test based on using naturally 13C-enriched sucrose, derived from maize, to assay intestinal sucrase activity, a digestive enzyme that is impaired in villus blunting. Here, we describe a coordinated research project to optimise, validate and evaluate the usability of a breath test protocol based on highly enriched 13C-sucrose to quantify physiological dysfunction in EE in relevant target populations.Methods and analysisWe use the 13C-sucrose breath test (13C-SBT) to evaluate intestinal sucrase activity in two phases. First, an optimisation and validation phase will (1) confirm that a 13C-SBT using highly enriched sucrose tracers reports similar information to the naturally enriched 13C-SBT; (2) examine the dose–response relationship of the test to an intestinal sucrase inhibitor; (3) validate the 13C-SBT in paediatric coeliac disease (4) validate the highly enriched 13C-SBT against EE defined by biopsy in adults and (5) validate the 13C-SBT against EE defined by the urinary lactulose:rhamnose ratio (LR) among children in Peru. Second, a cross-sectional study will be conducted in six resource-limited countries (Bangladesh, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Peru and Zambia) to test the usability of the optimised 13C-SBT to assess EE among 600 children aged 12–15 months old.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will be obtained from each participating study site. By working as a consortium, the test, if shown to be informative of EE, will demonstrate strong evidence for utility across diverse, low-income and middle-income country paediatric populations.Trial registration numberNCT04109352; Pre-results.