bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Guard Against Fixation? Demonstrating Individual Vulnerability is More Effective Than Warning of General Risk
Authors: Neroni Maria Adriana , Crilly Nathan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCreative behavior can be inhibited by fixation and so reducing fixation is a focus of much creativity research. One of the most common methods of tackling fixation is to warn people of fixation risks and instruct them to avoid constrained problem framing and solution search. However, such treatments are often ineffective. One possible explanation for this is that people typically believe that they (as individuals) are less vulnerable to a specified risk than other people are (in general). If we really want to motivate people to guard against a risk, we need to demonstrate that they, as individuals, are vulnerable to those risks. To study the effect of demonstrating individual vulnerability to fixation, we conducted an online experimental study using number and word tasks that both included a fixation "trap." The first task was used to provide a "demonstrated vulnerability" treatment (revealing participants' own fixated behavior) to the experimental group. This group outperformed those who received a comparable "asserted vulnerability" treatment (a warning about general fixation effects) and also those in a control group. Researchers and practitioners developing creativity training and tools aimed at reducing fixation effects should consider the benefits of demonstrating individual vulnerability to fixation rather than, or in combination with, issuing warnings that people in general are vulnerable to fixation.
Effects of Sexual Function, Social Media Use, and Self‐Efficacy on Quality of Life Among Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients
Authors: Kot Dominika , Ławiński Michał , Słodkowski Maciej , Kagan Ilya , Hellerman Moran , Theilla Miriam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuality of life (QOL) of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients is a critical issue for functioning and survival. This study evaluates the roles of sexual function (SF), self‐efficacy (SE), and the use of social media (USM) in the QOL of HPN patients.Materials and methodsThe study model investigates the independent variables USM and SF and the dependent variable QOL, and SE is a mediator variable between SF and USM.ResultsWe included 203 participants with HPN who completed self‐administered, validated questionnaires for QOL, SF, SE, and USM. Statistical analysis included a t‐test, Sobel test, bootstrapping method, and Pearson correlations between variances. The mean HPN duration was 10.5 ± 8 years. Results show a significant correlation between QOL scores and SF (P = .001). USM was positively correlated with SE (P = .001). SE as a mediator between USM and SF was supported by significant results in the Sobel test. Patients with a stoma were significantly less sexually active and had lower SE ratings than those without a stoma.ConclusionPhysical changes that affect SE and boost social relationships by allowing emotional support through social networks are important factors for QOL improvement. These findings may guide health professionals in the management of HPN patients.
Submental flap: Game changer in oral cancer reconstruction—A study of 1169 cases
Authors: Pradhan Sultan A. , Kannan Rajan , Tiwari Neelesh , Jain Saurabh , Khan Sana , Rodrigues Dale , Doctor Azmat , Jatale Raj G. , Agrawal Kushal , Shaikh Mohsin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFree‐flap reconstructions (FFRs) are the standard‐of‐care following resections for oral cancer. This study assessed an alternative, the pedicled submental flap (SF) for its versatility, oncological outcomes, and comparative operative time and cost.MethodsThis was a longitudinal prospective study of 1169 patients of oral cancer reconstructed with the SF. Oncological outcomes in terms of recurrence rate and disease‐free survival (DFS), were analyzed in 730 cases with a minimum of 18 months follow‐up. Surgical time and cost were compared between 20 SFs and 14 FFRs performed consecutively.ResultsSF was used to reconstruct defects in the cheek (29.2%), mandible (41.6%), tongue (26.3%) and palate (2.7%) with a 94% flap survival. N+ at level 1 did not adversely affect the recurrence rate as compared with N+ at levels other than level 1 (27.52% vs 29.81%). SFs took a shorter time (186 minutes vs 474 minutes) and cost significantly less than FFRs (P < .0001).ConclusionsSF can reconstruct various oral defects, is sturdy, and esthetically and functionally satisfactory. The procedure time is much shorter than for FFR and costs considerably less. With careful case selection and meticulous clearance, SF reconstruction is oncologically safe even in N+ neck.
A proposal to regulate the peer‐to‐peer market for tourist accommodation
Authors: Benítez‐Aurioles Beatriz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the peer‐to‐peer market for tourist accommodation, the demand is oriented to the center of the cities, generating impacts in different areas, which has opened a social and political debate on their regulation. The regulatory response from public administrations has often been to limit the supply of existing accommodation. However, as proven by the case of Barcelona, this does not guarantee the decrease of demand, and instead, results in more intensive use of the available accommodation. Thus, this article presents an alternative proposal on the basis of a model on the concept of both contamination and public resources externalities.
Value of Renal Vascular Doppler Sonography in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1
Authors: Çakal Beytullah , Özcan Özgür Ulaş , Omaygenç Mehmet Onur , Karaca İbrahim Oğuz , Kızılırmak Filiz , Gunes Haci Murat , Boztosun Bilal 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesWorsening of renal function in a patient with acute decompensated heart failure is called cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 1. Recent studies have shown an association of persistent systemic venous congestion with renal dysfunction. This trial was set up to investigate the changes of renal Doppler parameters with diuretic therapy in patients with CRS type 1.MethodsCases of CRS type 1 were identified among patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure. Serial measurements of the renal venous impedance index (VII) and arterial resistive index (ARI) were calculated by pulsed wave Doppler sonography.ResultsA total of 30 patients who had creatinine improvement with diuresis (group 1) and 34 patients without any improvement (group 2) were analyzed. Patients in group 1 had higher median VII and ARI (VII, 0.86 versus 0.66; P < .001; ARI, 0.78 versus 0.65; P < .001) on admission. A high ARI on admission (odds ratio, 6.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.84–14.3; P = .003) predicted the improvement of serum creatinine levels with diuretic therapy independent of confounding factors in patients with CRS type 1.ConclusionsRenal vascular Doppler parameters might offer guidance on the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in prescribing decongestive therapy for decompensated heart failure.
Working with Randy: The Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Story
Authors: Harwood John L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVegetable oils are one of the main agricultural commodities. Demand has been increasing steadily over the last five decades and, with finite land available, it is vital that we increase productivity. My laboratory has focused on the regulation of plant lipid metabolism and, as part of this work, we identified diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) as important at regulating carbon flux during oil accumulation. This led to collaborations with Randy Weselake's research group when we quantified the importance of DGAT in oilseed rape by using flux control analysis. Later, with David Taylor, we showed that over‐expression of DGAT boosted oil accumulation in field‐grown crops by around 8%. These studies led to a multitude of experiments with different oil crops, such as oil palm and soybean, as well as many rewarding collaborations with Randy.
Monitoring the impacts of weather radar data quality control for quantitative application at the continental scale
Authors: Michelson Daniel , Hansen Bjarne , Jacques Dominik , Lemay François , Rodriguez Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs part of a suite of quality control methods applied to Canadian and American weather radar data before their assimilation into a numerical weather prediction model, the combination of thresholded depolarization ratio and a speckle filter was applied to American data with the purpose of identifying and removing non‐precipitation echoes. This polarimetric quality control replaces a set of image‐analysis‐based methods used in a previous study and based on reflectivity information only. The old and new quality‐controlled results were objectively assessed using meteorological aerodrome report (METAR)‐based precipitation occurrence observations and a set of five common contingency table skill scores with all available Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Level II data from the contiguous United States for August 2016. The new quality control yields consistently improved skill scores, indicating higher quality radar data for downstream application. The process whereby the radar data are quality controlled and assessed comprises a framework with the ability to monitor the impacts of quality control to radar data quality over time. In turn, this allows for the introduction of changes to data acquisition and processing with the ability to monitor the impacts on data quality: a scientific evidence‐based quality assurance process as part of change management.
Aberrant DNA methylation of PTPRG as one possible mechanism of its under‐expression in CML patients in the State of Qatar
Authors: Ismail Mohamed A. , Samara Muthanna , Al Sayab Ali , Alsharshani Mohamed , Yassin Mohamed A. , Varadharaj Govindarajulu , Vezzalini Marzia , Tomasello Luisa , Monne Maria , Morsi Hisham , Qoronfleh M. Walid , Zayed Hatem , Cook Richard , Sorio Claudio , Modjtahedi Helmout , Al‐Dewik Nader I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies showed that aberrant DNA methylation is involved in leukemia and cancer pathogenesis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor gamma (PTPRG) expression is a natural inhibitory mechanism that is downregulated in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) disease. The mechanism behind its downregulation has not been fully elucidated yet.AimThis study aimed to investigate the CpG methylation status at the PTPRG locus in CML patients.MethodsPeripheral blood samples from CML patients at time of diagnosis [no tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)] (n = 13), failure to (TKIs) treatment (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 6) were collected. DNA was extracted and treated with bisulfite treatment, followed by PCR, sequencing of 25 CpG sites in the promoter region and 26 CpG sites in intron‐1 region of PTPRG. The bisulfite sequencing technique was employed as a high‐resolution method.ResultsCML groups (new diagnosed and failed treatment) showed significantly higher methylation levels in the promoter and intron‐1 regions of PTPRG compared to the healthy group. There were also significant differences in methylation levels of CpG sites in the promoter and intron‐1 regions amongst the groups.ConclusionAberrant methylation of PTPRG is potentially one of the possible mechanisms of PTPRG downregulation detected in CML.
Strong and narrowband terahertz radiation from GaAs based pHEMT and terahertz imaging
Authors: Kim Se‐Mi , Hong Sung‐Min , Jang Jae‐Hyung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStrong and narrowband terahertz (THz) radiation is obtained from a GaAs‐based pseudomorphic high‐electron‐mobility transistor (pHEMT). The radiation properties with respect to the bias conditions and operating temperature are extensively characterized. The maximum emission power is measured to be 63 and 278 μW at room temperature and 77 K, respectively. By using the THz radiation from the pHEMT, a metal object hidden in cloth was successfully imaged.
Modified phenolic resin with aluminium and rectorite: Structure, characterization, and performance
Authors: Wang Keyi , Gu Huazhi , Huang Ao , Ke Changmei , Zhang Meijie , Luo Zhian , Fu Lvping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhenolic resin is an important binder for refractory ceramics. Herein, aluminum and organic rectorite were employed to improve the antioxidant activity of phenolic resin. X‐ray diffraction revealed that the silicate layers of phenolic resin exfoliated rectorite were uniformly dispersed in the modified phenolic resin (MPF) matrix. Moreover, TEM revealed that the peeled silicate nanoparticles from rectorite were well distributed without clustering. The structure of the MPF resin was also analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that the strength of the ether bridge of MPF resin with aluminum and rectorite considerably decreased than that of pure phenolic resin. The MPF resin was anhydrous and had AlO bonds to link the benzene rings. Pyrolytic carbon experiments revealed that the decomposition temperature of the MPF resin was 759.2°C, which indicated that it had a better oxidation resistance and bonding strength than those of pure phenolic resin. The incorporation of aluminum and rectorite improved thermal performance of the phenolic resin, and enhanced mechanical performance of the MgOC refractory.
Screening Testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 upon Admission to Rehabilitation Hospitals in a High COVID‐19 Prevalence Community
Authors: Kirshblum Steven C. , DeLauter Gabrielle , Lopreiato Maeve C. , Pomeranz Bruce , Dawson Amanda , Hammerman Samuel , Gans Bruce M. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWhile planning for the care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients during the pandemic crisis has dominated the focus of leaders of inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), patients with injuries/illnesses unrelated to COVID‐19 continue to need inpatient rehabilitation admission. To maintain a safe environment for all patients and staff, we established an admission screening plan of testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) to determine the presence of asymptomatic patients who were infected with the virus upon admission.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of patients who test positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 but were presumed to be COVID‐19 negative at the time of admission to IRF in New Jersey.DesignRetrospective analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 testing results.SettingFour freestanding IRFs in New Jersey operated as one system.PatientsAll (N = 103) patients sequentially admitted from 4 to 27 April 2020 with no symptoms or evidence of COVID‐19 disease at the time of transfer from the acute hospital.InterventionsSpecimens were collected for SARS‐CoV‐2 analysis at the time of admission to the IRF and patients were monitored for subsequent symptom development over the next 14 days.Main Outcome MeasuresResults of SARS‐CoV‐2 testing upon admission and evidence of development of clinical signs or symptoms of COVID‐19.ResultsSeven asymptomatic persons (6.8% of admissions) without clinical signs/symptoms of COVID‐19 tested positive on admission. Of these, five developed symptoms of COVID‐19, with a mean onset of 3.2 (range of 2‐5) days. Five additional patients became symptomatic and tested positive within the next 3 to 10 days (mean of 5.2 days). Overall, 11.6% of admissions (12/103) had a positive test within 14 days of admission.ConclusionsAdmission testing to postacute centers for SARS‐CoV‐2 can help identify presymptomatic or asymptomatic individuals, especially in areas where COVID‐19 is prevalent. Negative results, however, do not preclude COVID‐19 and should not be used as the sole basis for patient management decisions.
Carbon Encapsulation of High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles with Extraordinary Coercivity and Saturation at Room Temperature
Authors: Tseng Chao‐Chi , Chi Chong‐Chi , Tsai Hsin‐Jung , Yeh Jien‐Wei , Ouyang Hao , Hsu Wen‐Kuang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOwing to their unique properties and technological potential, high entropy alloys (HEAs) have become the subject of great interest in the materials science community. HEAs consist of more than four principle elements in equimolar ratio so their configurational entropy is intrinsically greater than one‐principle element based. The increasing surface energy and chemical tendency toward clustering of like atoms at low dimension, however, make production of HEA‐nanoparticles (HEA‐NPs) extremely difficult. A facile production of HEA‐NPs inside carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles is demonstrated in this work. Electron microscopic and elemental analyses confirm encapsulated to be solution phase; some embrace carbides and form multidomains with chemical composition ranging from quaternary to quinary phase. Multidomains and nonmagnetic centers create hardening thus promoting coercivity significantly at room temperature. Alloying induces electron redistribution into high spin states, accounting for observed high saturation. Configurational entropy of encapsulated HEA‐NPs lies on a range comparable with bulk.
In vitro and in vivo human metabolism and pharmacokinetics of S‐ and R‐praziquantel
Authors: Kapungu Nyasha Nicole , Li Xueqing , Nhachi Charles , Masimirembwa Collen , Thelingwani Roslyn Stella 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRacemic praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis. R‐Praziquantel (R‐PZQ) has been shown as the therapeutic form, whereas S‐PZQ is less efficacious and responsible for the bitter taste of the tablet. This study aimed at investigating the metabolism of R‐ and S‐PZQ as this could have implications on efficacy and safety of racemate and R‐PZQ specific formulations under development. In vitro CYP reaction phenotyping assay using 10 recombinant CYP (rCYP) isoenzymes showed hepatic CYP1A2, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, and 3A5 were the major enzymes involved in metabolism of PZQ. Enzyme kinetic studies were performed by substrate depletion and metabolite formation methods, by incubating PZQ and its R‐ or S‐enantiomers in human liver microsomes (HLM) and the rCYP enzymes. The effect of selective CYP inhibitors on PZQ metabolism was assessed in HLM. CYP1A2, 2C19, and 3A4 exhibited different catalytic activity toward PZQ, R‐ and S‐enantiomers. Metabolism of R‐PZQ was mainly catalyzed by CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, whereas metabolism of S‐PZQ was mainly by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Based on metabolic CLint obtained through formation of hydroxylated metabolites, CYP3A4 was estimated to contribute 89.88% to metabolism of S‐PZQ using SIMCYP® IVIVE prediction. Reanalysis of samples from a human PZQ‐ketoconazole (KTZ) drug‐drug interaction pharmacokinetic study confirmed these findings in that KTZ, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A, selectively increased area under the curve of S‐PZQ by 68% and that of R‐PZQ by just 9%. Knowledge of enantioselective metabolism will enable better understanding of variable efficacy of PZQ in patients and the R‐PZQ formulation under development.
Rapid glycosyl‐inositol‐phospho‐ceramide fingerprint from filamentous fungal pathogens using the MALDI Biotyper Sirius system
Authors: Saromi Kofo , England Philippa , Tang Wenhao , Kostrzewa Markus , Corran Andy , Woscholski Rudiger , Larrouy‐Maumus Gerald 
Published: July 2020

RationaleGlycosyl‐inositol‐phospho‐ceramides (GIPCs) or glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored fungal polysaccharides are known to be major lipids in plant and fungal plasma membranes and to play an important role in stress adaption. However, their analysis remains challenging due to the several steps involved for their extractions and purifications prior to mass spectrometric analysis. To address this challenge, we developed a rapid and sensitive method to identify GIPCs from the four common fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearium, Neurospora crassa and Ustilago maydis.MethodsFungal plant pathogens were cultured, harvested, heat‐inactivated and washed three times with double‐distilled water. Intact fungi were deposited on a matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) target plate, mixed with the matrix consisting of a 9:1 mixture of 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzoic acid solubilized at 10 mg/mL in chloroform–methanol (9:1 v/v) and analyzed using a Bruker MALDI Biotyper Sirius system in the linear negative ion mode. Mass spectra were acquired from m/z 700 to 2000.ResultsMALDI time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometric analysis of cultured fungi showed clear signature of GIPCs in B. cinerea, F. graminearium, N. crassa and U. maydis.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that routine MALDI‐TOF in the linear negative ion mode combined with an apolar solvent system to solubilize the matrix is applicable to the detection of filamentous fungal GIPCs.
A national‐scale study of spatial variability in the relationship between turbidity and suspended sediment concentration and sediment properties
Authors: Bright Christina E. , Mager Sarah M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTurbidity, an index of light side‐scattering, depends on the mass concentration of suspended sediment (SS) within water. Turbidity of river water is regulated by the presence of suspended particulate matter and is used to identify visual changes in response to SS. We used data from the New Zealand National River Water Quality Network, to calculate “specific turbidity” (K; turbidity normalised to mass concentration of suspended particulates). Specific turbidity is shown here to be an effective metric to assess the effect of suspended material composition and particle size distribution of suspended particulate matter over different landscape characteristics, and the effect on SS‐turbidity relationships. Of the catchment characteristics considered in our study, specific turbidity was most responsive to lithological factors, and relatively insensitive to land use and soil parameters. Decreasing particle size has a positive linear response to K, attributed to the higher proportion of ultra‐fine particulate material that is generated by certain lithologies, underscoring the lithological influence on K. SS‐turbidity relationships, therefore, vary spatially across New Zealand's national record of water clarity, and K is considered a useful index for inter‐catchment comparison of SS than turbidity alone.
Nanomedicine in lung cancer: Current states of overcoming drug resistance and improving cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Wei , Hao Yuhao , Liu Yusheng , Li Rui , Huang Da‐Bing , Pan Yue‐Yin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLung cancer is considered to cause the most cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Due to the deficiency in early‐stage diagnostics and local invasion or distant metastasis, the first line of treatment for most patients unsuitable for surgery is chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Nanocarriers with the function of improving drug solubility, in vivo stability, drug distribution in the body, and sustained and targeted delivery, can effectively improve the effect of drug treatment and reduce toxic and side effects, and have been used in clinical treatment for lung cancer and many types of cancers. Here, we review nanoparticle (NP) formulation for lung cancer treatment including liposomes, polymers, and inorganic NPs via systemic and inhaled administration, and highlight the works of overcoming drug resistance and improving cancer immunotherapy.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease