bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attributional style and delusions: an investigation based on delusional content
Authors: Sharp HM , Fear CF , Healy D 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIndividuals with persecutory delusions have been reported to make external and stable attributions for negative events and to have a tendency towards internal attributions for positive events. It remains unclear whether this abnormality is present in individuals with non-persecutory delusions. Using the Attributional Style Questionnaire, we assessed the attributional style of 19 individuals with persecutory or grandiose delusions (PG), 12 individuals whose delusional beliefs were non-persecutory and non-grandiose (NPG) and 24 controls. The PG group displayed externality in their causal attributions for bad events but those in the NPG group did not differ from controls. Both deluded groups were significantly more stable in their attributions for bad events in comparison to controls. Such findings argue against a primary role for attributional biases in the genesis of delusions, although a role in shaping delusional content and maintaining the disorder and a role for external attributions in defending against reductions in self-esteem cannot be excluded.
USING IMAGERY FOR ROLE TRANSITION OF MIDWIFERY STUDENTS
Authors: Hunter Lauren P. , Kvale Janice Keller , Romick Patricia 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe University of Texas Collaborative Nurse‐Midwifery Education Program uses various strategies to facilitate transition from competent nurse to graduate student and then to beginning midwife practitioner. Guided imagery is the mainstay of the strategies used throughout the five semesters of the program. Proactive intervention facilitated by a nurse‐counselor takes place in a group, supported as needed by individual counseling. The principles of psychosynthesis and role theory are the theoretic foundations for the intervention. Evaluation of the intervention indicated that it was received enthusiastically by most students.
SELF‐REPORTED UTERINE PROLAPSE IN A RESETTLEMENT COLONY OF NORTH INDIA
Authors: Kumari Santosh , Walia Indarjit , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of self‐reported uterine prolapse and to determine the treatment‐seeking behavior of the respondents. Participants of this study are married women of Dadu Majra colony, Chandigarh, India, January–February, 1996. A house‐to‐house screening of the women was done by a nursing student utilizing a checklist of indicator symptoms of uterine prolapse. All women reporting such symptoms were interviewed further. Among the 2,990 women surveyed, 227 (7.6%) reported symptoms of uterine prolapse. Of the 227 women with self‐reported uterine prolapse, 128 (57%) had not taken any treatment, 28 went to a traditional birth attendant (TBA), and 47 (21%) consulted a doctor. Thirty‐eight women were advised to have an operation, but only eight complied. Other treatments used by small numbers of women included the use of a ring pessary or alcohol‐soaked swab and heel pressure technique. Reasons for non‐consultation included shyness (80; 63%), lack of cooperation by the husband, lack of time (80; 63%) and lack of money (74; 58%). The prevalence of prolapse was significantly higher in women with higher parity. More than 7% of the women reported symptoms of uterine prolapse.
Initial testing of pegfilgrastim (Neulasta Onpro) on‐body injector in multiple radiological imaging environments
Authors: Long Zaiyang , Kurup Anil Nicholas , Jensen Nicole M. , Hangiandreou Nicholas J. , Schueler Beth A. , Yu Lifeng , Leng Shuai , Wood Christopher P. , Felmlee Joel P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeAn increasing number of implantable or external devices can impact whether patients can receive radiological imaging examinations. This study examines and tests the Neulasta (pegfilgrastim) Onpro on‐body injector in multiple imaging environments.MethodsThe injector was analyzed for four imaging modalities with testing protocols and strategies developed for each modality. In x‐ray and computed tomography (CT), scans with much higher exposure than clinical protocols were performed with the device attached to an anthropomorphic phantom. The device was monitored until the completion of drug delivery. For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the device was assessed using a hand‐held magnet and underwent the magnetically induced displacement testing in a 1.5T clinical MRI scanner room. For ultrasound, magnetic field changes were measured around an ultrasound scanner system with three transducers.ResultsFor x‐ray and CT no sign of device error was identified during or after the high radiation exposure scans. Drug delivery was completed at expected timing with expected volume. For MRI the device showed significant attractive force towards the hand‐held magnet and a 50‐degree deflection angle at 50 cm from the opening of the scanner bore. No further assessment from the gradient or radiofrequency field was deemed necessary. For ultrasound the maximum magnetic field change from baseline was measured to be +11.7 μT in comparison to +74.2 μT at 4 inches from a working microwave.ConclusionsNo device performance issue was identified under the extreme test conditions in x‐ray or CT. The device was found to be MR Unsafe. Magnetic field changes around an ultrasound system met the limitation set by manufacture. Patient ultrasound scanning is considered safe as long as the transducers do not inadvertently loosen the device.
Hydrogenated Graphene Improves Neuronal Network Maturation and Excitatory Transmission
Authors: Moschetta Matteo , Lee Jong‐Young , Rodrigues João , Podestà Alice , Varvicchio Omar , Son Jangyup , Lee Yangjin , Kim Kwanpyo , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung , Benfenati Fabio , Bramini Mattia , Capasso Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGraphene is regarded as a viable bio‐interface for neuroscience due to its biocompatibility and electrical conductivity, which would contribute to efficient neuronal network signaling. Here, monolayer graphene grown via chemical vapor deposition is treated with remote hydrogen plasma to demonstrate that hydrogenated graphene (HGr) fosters improved cell‐to‐cell communication with respect to pristine graphene in primary cortical neurons. When transferred to polyethylene terephthalate, HGr exhibits higher wettability than graphene (water contact angle of 83.7° vs 40.7°), while preserving electrical conductivity (≈3 kΩ □‐1). A rich and mature network is observed to develop onto HGr. The intrinsic excitability and firing properties of neurons plated onto HGr appears unaltered, while the basic passive and active membrane properties are fully preserved. The formation of excitatory synaptic connections increases in HGr with respect to pristine graphene, leading to a doubled miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency. This study supports the use of hydrogenation for tailoring graphene into an improved neuronal interface, indicating that wettability, more than electrical conductivity, is the key parameter to be controlled. The use of HGr can bring about a deeper understanding of neuronal behavior on artificial bio‐interfaces and provide new insight for graphene‐based biomedical applications.
Synthesis Strategies, Catalytic Applications, and Performance Regulation of Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Xi Jiangbo , Jung Hyun Seung , Xu Yun , Xiao Fei , Bae Jong Wook , Wang Shuai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe recent dramatic increase in research on isolated metal atoms has received extensive scientific interest in the new frontier of single‐atom catalysis. As newly advanced materials in catalysis, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have received enormous interest from the perspectives of both scientific research and industrial applications due to their remarkable activity. In addition, other catalytic properties of single metal atoms, including stability and selectivity, can be further improved by tuning their electronic/geometric structures and modulating the metal–support interactions. SACs usually consist of dispersed atoms and appropriate support materials, which are employed to anchor, confine, and/or coordinate with isolated metal atoms. Therefore, the nature of single metal sites allows acquiring a maximum atom utilization approaching 100%, which is of significance, particularly for the development of noble‐metal‐based catalysts. In order to systematically understand the structure–property relationships and the underlying catalytic mechanisms relationship of SACs, the representative scientific research efforts in their synthesis strategies, catalytic applications, and performance regulation are discussed here. Typical single‐atom catalysis processes and the corresponding mechanisms in electrochemistry, photochemistry, organic synthesis, and biomedicine are also summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the development of single‐atom catalysis and SACs are highlighted.
Nanocatalytic Theranostics with Glutathione Depletion and Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation for Efficient Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fu Lian‐Hua , Wan Yilin , Qi Chao , He Jin , Li Chunying , Yang Chen , Xu Han , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging therapy method that kills cancer cells by converting intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH). To overcome the current limitations of the insufficient endogenous H2O2 and the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, an intelligent nanocatalytic theranostics (denoted as PGC‐DOX) that possesses both H2O2 self‐supply and GSH‐elimination properties for efficient cancer therapy is presented. This nanoplatform is constructed by a facile one‐step biomineralization method using poly(ethylene glycol)‐modified glucose oxidase (GOx) as a template to form biodegradable copper‐doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles, followed by the loading of doxorubicin (DOX). As an enzyme catalyst, GOx can effectively catalyze intracellular glucose to generate H2O2, which not only starves the tumor cells, but also supplies H2O2 for subsequent Fenton‐like reaction. Meanwhile, the redox reaction between the released Cu2+ ions and intracellular GSH will induce GSH depletion and reduce Cu2+ to Fenton agent Cu+ ions, and then trigger the H2O2 to generate •OH by a Cu+‐mediated Fenton‐like reaction, resulting in enhanced CDT efficacy. The integration of GOx‐mediated starvation therapy, H2O2 self‐supply and GSH‐elimination enhanced CDT, and DOX‐induced chemotherapy, endow the PGC‐DOX with effective tumor growth inhibition with minimal side effects in vivo.
Organic Electronics Picks Up the Pace: Mask‐Less, Solution Processed Organic Transistors Operating at 160 MHz
Authors: Perinot Andrea , Giorgio Michele , Mattoli Virgilio , Natali Dario , Caironi Mario 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic printed electronics has proven its potential as an essential enabler for applications related to healthcare, entertainment, energy, and distributed intelligent objects. The possibility of exploiting solution‐based and direct‐writing production schemes further boosts the benefits offered by such technology, facilitating the implementation of cheap, conformable, bio‐compatible electronic applications. The result shown in this work challenges the widespread assumption that such class of electronic devices is relegated to low‐frequency operation, owing to the limited charge mobility of the materials and to the low spatial resolution achievable with conventional printing techniques. Here, it is shown that solution‐processed and direct‐written organic field‐effect transistors can be carefully designed and fabricated so to achieve a maximum transition frequency of 160 MHz, unlocking an operational range that was not available before for organics. Such range was believed to be only accessible with more performing classes of semiconductor materials and/or more expensive fabrication schemes. The present achievement opens a route for cost‐ and energy‐efficient manufacturability of flexible and conformable electronics with wireless‐communication capabilities.
In Situ Oriented Mn Deficient ZnMn2O4@C Nanoarchitecture for Durable Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Islam Saiful , Alfaruqi Muhammad Hilmy , Putro Dimas Yunianto , Park Sohyun , Kim Seokhun , Lee Seulgi , Ahmed Mohammad Shamsuddin , Mathew Vinod , Sun Yang‐Kook , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Kim Jaekook 
Published: January 2021

AbstractManganese (Mn)‐based cathode materials have garnered huge research interest for rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) due to the abundance and low cost of manganese and the plentiful advantages of manganese oxides including their different structures, wide range of phases, and various stoichiometries. A novel in situ generated Mn‐deficient ZnMn2O4@C (Mn‐d‐ZMO@C) nanoarchitecture cathode material from self‐assembly of ZnO‐MnO@C for rechargeable AZIBs is reported. Analytical techniques confirm the porous and crystalline structure of ZnO‐MnO@C and the in situ growth of Mn deficient ZnMn2O4@C. The Zn/Mn‐d‐ZMO@C cell displays a promising capacity of 194 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 with 84% of capacity retained after 2000 cycles (at 3000 mA g−1 rate). The improved performance of this cathode originates from in situ orientation, porosity, and carbon coating. Additionally, first‐principles calculations confirm the high electronic conductivity of Mn‐d‐ZMO@C cathode. Importantly, a good capacity retention (86%) is obtained with a year‐old cell (after 150 cycles) at 100 mA g−1 current density. This study, therefore, indicates that the in situ grown Mn‐d‐ZMO@C nanoarchitecture cathode is a promising material to prepare a durable AZIB.
Regulating Glucose Metabolism with Prodrug Nanoparticles for Promoting Photoimmunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sun Fang , Zhu Qiurong , Li Tianliang , Saeed Madiha , Xu Zhiai , Zhong Feisheng , Song Rundi , Huai Manxiu , Zheng Mingyue , Xie Cen , Xu Leiming , Yu Haijun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe low immunogenicity, insufficient infiltration of T lymphocytes, and dismal response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy pose major difficulties in immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Photoimmunotherapy by photodynamic therapy (PDT) can induce an antitumor immune response by triggering immunogenic cell death in the tumor cells. Notwithstanding, PDT‐driven oxygen consumption and microvascular damage can further aggravate hypoxia to exaggerates glycolysis, leading to lactate accumulation and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, a supramolecular prodrug nanoplatform codelivering a photosensitizer and a prodrug of bromodomain‐containing protein 4 inhibitor (BRD4i) JQ1 for combinatory photoimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer are demonstrated. The nanoparticles are fabricated by host–guest complexation between cyclodextrin‐grafted hyaluronic acid (HA‐CD) and adamantine‐conjugated heterodimers of pyropheophorbide a (PPa) and JQ1, respectively. HA can achieve active tumor targeting by recognizing highly expressed CD44 on the surface of pancreatic tumors. PPa‐mediated PDT can enhance the immunogenicity of the tumor cells and promote intratumoral infiltration of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Meanwhile, JQ1 combats PDT‐mediated immune evasion through inhibiting expression of c‐Myc and PD‐L1, which are key regulators of tumor glycolysis and immune evasion. Collectively, this study presents a novel strategy to enhance photoimmunotherapy of the pancreatic cancer by provoking T cells activation and overcoming adaptive immune resistance.
Lead‐Free Halide Perovskites for Light Emission: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Li Xin , Gao Xupeng , Zhang Xiangtong , Shen Xinyu , Lu Min , Wu Jinlei , Shi Zhifeng , Colvin Vicki L. , Hu Junhua , Bai Xue , Yu William W. , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLead‐based halide perovskites have received great attention in light‐emitting applications due to their excellent properties, including high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), tunable emission wavelength, and facile solution preparation. In spite of excellent characteristics, the presence of toxic element lead directly obstructs their further commercial development. Hence, exploiting lead‐free halide perovskite materials with superior properties is urgent and necessary. In this review, the deep‐seated reasons that benefit light emission for halide perovskites, which help to develop lead‐free halide perovskites with excellent performance, are first emphasized. Recent advances in lead‐free halide perovskite materials (single crystals, thin films, and nanocrystals with different dimensionalities) from synthesis, crystal structures, optical and optoelectronic properties to applications are then systematically summarized. In particular, phosphor‐converted LEDs and electroluminescent LEDs using lead‐free halide perovskites are fully examined. Ultimately, based on current development of lead‐free halide perovskites, the future directions of lead‐free halide perovskites in terms of materials and light‐emitting devices are discussed.
Computational Study of Dipole Radiation in Re‐Absorbing Perovskite Semiconductors for Optoelectronics
Authors: Cho Changsoon , Greenham Neil C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompared to organic emitters, perovskite materials generally have a small Stokes shift and correspondingly large re‐absorption of dipole emission. Classical optical modelling methods ignoring re‐absorption do not provide an adequate description of the observed light emission properties. Here, optical modelling methods and design rules for perovskite light‐emitting diodes are presented. The transfer‐matrix formalism is used to quantify the Poynting vectors generated by a dipole radiating inside a perovskite optoelectronic device. A strategy is presented to deal with non‐radiative coupling to nearby emissive material that can otherwise lead to non‐physical divergence in the calculation. Stability issues are also investigated regarding coherence of the light propagating in the substrate and the absence of a light absorber in the system. The benefit of the photon recycling effect is taken into account by recursive calculation of the dipole generation profile. The simulation results predict that a high external quantum efficiency of ≈40% is achievable in formamidinium lead triiodide‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes, by optimization of microcavity, dipole orientation, and photon recycling effects. Contrary to conventional device structures currently reported, this work highlights the benefits of thick charge transport layers and thick perovskite with small Stokes shift.
Association of occupational sun safety policy and actions in state transportation sector in the United States
Authors: Buller David B. , Walkosz Barbara J. , Olivas Savanna , Eye Rachel , Liu Xia , Kinsey Alishia , Buller Mary Klein , Grayson Andrew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundOccupational sun protection is recommended by government health authorities. Sun safety policies and predictors of managers’ reports of sun safety actions were assessed.MethodsWritten policies from 21 state departments of transportation (DOTs) enrolled in a randomized trial to test methods for scaling‐up an occupational sun safety intervention were coded for sun safety content at baseline. Managers (n = 1113) supervising outdoor workers reported on sun safety actions in a baseline survey.ResultsTwenty state DOTs (95.2%) have a policy with at least one sun protection component. Sun safety training was increased at workplaces with a written sun safety policy (p < 0.001) and unwritten standard procedures on sun protection (p < 0.001). Reported sun safety actions were highest where there was a written sun safety policy (p < 0.001) and unwritten standard procedures on sun protection (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPolicies are essential for the implementation of employee sun safety. There is room for improvement in existing policies of state DOTs.
Insufficient development of vessels and alveoli in lungs of infants with trisomy 18—Features of pulmonary histopathological findings from lung biopsy
Authors: Tahara Masahiro , Sanada Kazuya , Morita Risa , Hawaka Hideyuki , Urayama Kotarou , Sugino Mitsunobu , Masaki Naoki , Yamaki Shigeo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the features of pulmonary histopathological changes in cases of trisomy 18 complicated with congenital heart disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Twenty‐eight patients with trisomy 18 underwent open lung biopsy at the time of primary operation in our hospital between 2008 and 2019. We compared these histopathological findings with those from previously described groups without trisomy 18. Mean age at primary cardiac surgery was 37 days (range, 9–69 days). According to the Heath‐Edwards (HE) classification, 1, 8, 12, and 5 patients were graded as 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, whereas 2 patients were not classifiable due to medial defects in the small pulmonary arteries (MD). Four (14.3%) and 13 (46.4%) patients presented with MD and hypoplasia of the small pulmonary arteries (HS). Fifteen (53.6%) and 21 (75.0%) patients presented with alveolar hypoplasia (AH) and alveolar wall thickening (AT). MD, HS, and AH in trisomy 18 were present frequently, differing significantly from previous reports. These findings might be associated with congenital inadequate development of vessels and alveoli in the lung, contributing to a high risk of PAH in trisomy 18.
Five‐fold‐symmetric Pentabromo‐ and Pentaiodo‐corannulenes: Useful Precursors of Heteroatom‐substituted Corannulenes
Authors: Kise Koki , Ooi Shota , Osuka Atsuhiro , Tanaka Takayuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFive‐fold‐symmetric pentabromo‐ and pentaiodo‐corannulenes were synthesized in sub‐gram scale in high yields under aerial conditions and were purified without any chromatographic separations. The obtained pentahalocorannulenes were fully characterized by NMR, MS, and X‐ray crystallography. The pentahalocorannulenes are useful precursors of five‐fold symmetric heteroatom‐substituted corannulenes that are difficult‐to‐address from known corannulene derivatives. As a representative example, pentaphosphinylated corannulene was prepared for the first time and was comprehensively characterized.
Observation of Carbonic Acid Formation from Interaction between Carbon Dioxide and Ice by Using In Situ Modulation Excitation IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Bürgi Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbonic acid, H2CO3, is of fundamental importance in nature both in living and non‐living systems. Providing direct spectroscopic evidence for carbonic acid formation is however a challenge. Here we provide clear evidence by in situ attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy combined with modulation excitation spectroscopy and phase‐sensitive detection that CO2 adsorption on ice surfaces is accompanied by carbonic acid formation. We demonstrate that carbonic acid can be formed from CO2 on ice in the absence of high‐energy irradiation and without protonation by strong acids. The formation of carbonic acid is favored at low temperature, whereas at high temperature it rapidly dissociates to form bicarbonate (HCO3−) and carbonate (CO32−). The direct formation of carbonic acid from adsorption of CO2 on ice could play a role in the upper troposphere in cirrus clouds, where all the necessary ingredients to form carbonic acid, that is, low temperature, CO2 gas, and ice, are present.