bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and validation of a scoring system for rapid identification of severe acute pancreatitis in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Shaohong , Zhang Jingguo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Early identification of SAP and take necessary treatment can reduce the mortality rate of patients with AP. This study aimed to design a scoring system for rapid identification of SAP (RISAP) and evaluate its performance in predicting SAP in patients with AP. Methods: In the first phase, 1024 patients with AP who were admitted to the people's hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture ,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University,the First People's Hospital of Kaili from January 2015 to June 2017 were included. Easily obtained indicators including patients’ gender, age, previous history of pancreatitis, acute diffuse peritonitis (ADP), pleural effusion (PE), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured under adequate analgesia, quietness conditions at admission were selected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for SAP. After determination of the cutoff values of the identified risk factors using ROC curve analysis, RISAP scoring system was designed. In the second phase, a total of 740 patients with AP who were admitted to our hospital from July 2017 to October 2019 were included and divided into SAP and non-SAP groups. RISAP, RANSON and BISAP scores were measured and compared between groups. The ROC curve was draw to analyze the ability of RISAP score in predicting SAP. Results: The number of patients who had history of pancreatitis,ADP, PE, HR, BR were significantly higher in the SAP group than in the non-SAP group (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that PE, HR, and RR were independent risk factors for SAP. Then RISAP score was designed based on the cutoff values of the three risk factors (0.5, 95.5, 22.5, respectively). The RISA, RANSON, and BISAP scores were significantly higher in the SAP group than that in the non-SAP group (U = -9.501,-3.701, -8.520 P <0.05). Compared with the RANSON, and BISAP scores, RISAP had the highest AUC values, sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: The designed RISAP score is simple, convenient, economical, non-invasive, and highly repeatable, which is superior in rapid identification of SAP in patients with AP.
Fine-mapping the recently discovered QTL qMrdd2 that confers resistance to maize rough dwarf disease
Authors: Xu Zhennan , Wang Feifei , Zhou Zhiqiang , Meng Qingchang , Chen Yanping , Han Xiaohua , Tie Shuanggui , Liu Changlin , Hao Zhuanfang , Li Mingshun , Zhang Degui , Han Jienan , Li Xinhai , Wang Zhenhua , Weng Jianfeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) is a disease caused by a virus that seriously affects maize yield and quality worldwide. Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in the Fijivirus genus in the Reoviridae family causes MRDD in maize. Typical MRDD symptoms of include severe dwarfing of plants, shortening of internodes. MRDD resistance is a complex trait that is quantitatively inherited and is controlled by several quantitative trait loci (QTL). MRDD is most efficiently controlled by the cultivation of disease-resistant corn hybrids.
Results: Disease resistance in the MRDD-resistant Qi319 and -susceptible Ye478 parental inbred lines and the 314 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that were derived from a cross between them was evaluated across three environments. A stable resistance QTL, qMrdd2 , which explained 8.64 to 11.02% of the total phenotypic variance in MRDD resistance, was identified repeatedly and was mapped using BLUP values to a 0.55-Mb region between the markers MK807 and MK811 on chromosome 2. We validated the effect of qMrdd2 using a chromosome segment substitution line population that were derived from a cross between maize inbred Qi319 as the resistance donor and Ye478 as the recipient. The disease-severity index (DSI) of CSSL haplotype II harboring qMrdd2 was significantly lower than the DSI of susceptible parent Ye478 ( P < 0.05). Mapping results using CSSLs were consistent with localization interval determined using RILs. The qMrdd2 locus acted with an additive effect but no significant dominant gene action in conferring MRDD resistance. We fine-mapped qMrdd2 locus into a 315-kb region flanked by the markers RD81 and RD87 by testing recombinant-derived progeny using selfed backcrossed families.
Conclusions: qMrdd2 is a recently discovered QTL from Qi319 for resistance to MRDD with an additive effect but no significant dominant gene action for MRDD resistance. qMrdd2 was fine-mapped to a 315-kb interval on maize chromosome 2. Introgression of the MRDD resistance allele at the qMrdd2 locus of CSSL haplotype 2 using linked markers umc1824 and bnlg125 will be useful for maize breeding to reduce yield losses caused by MRDD.
Keywords: Maize, Maize rough dwarf disease, QTL, Fine-mapping, RIL；CSSL.
Overexpression of the ThTPS gene enhanced T. hispida salt and drought stress tolerance
Authors: Wang PeiLong , Lei XiaoJin , Lv JiaXin , gao caiqiu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abiotic stresses. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling. Results: A full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida. The phylogenetic tree among ThTPS and 11 AtTPS in Arabidopsis indicates that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7. However, the function of AtTPS7 has not been determined. To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS, the expression patterns of ThTPS were monitored under salt and drought stress and JA, ABA and GA3 hormone stimulation in T. hispida by qRT-PCR. The results showed that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by these 5 kinds of treatments at at least one studied point. Particularly under salt stress, ThTPS was highly induced in the roots of T. hispda. Furthermore, the ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T. hispida. The results of physiological indexes and staining showed that overexpression of the ThTPS gene increased T. hispida salt and drought stress tolerance. Conclusion: The ThTPS gene can respond to abiotic stress such as salt and drought, and overexpression of ThTPS gene can significantly improve salt and drought tolerance. These findings establish a foundation to better understand the response of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants.
The silence of the archive: creation of «Soviet penicillin»
Authors: Sherstneva E. V. 
Published: January 2020

The history of the creation of penicillin in the USSR has not yet been studied. During the Soviet era, this theme became a source of literary activity, it served the purpose of propagating the advantages of socialist science, and therefore was significantly distorted. Granting access to the previously classified documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (ST RF) to the researchers made it possible to revise the version of history proposed by the Soviet historiography.
Contract manufacturing and R&D: emerging trends for the global pharmaceutical market
Authors: Prozherina Yu. 
Published: January 2020

In recent years, health expenditures have been gradually increasing. The expenditures under this article in 60 countries are expected to grow at an average of 5.4 percent during the period from 2018 to 2024 [1]. The key trends include the focus on R&D development with a reasonable realignment of budget and the increasing contract manufacturing practice.
Advertising of prescription drugs: when you can’t have everything and even more
Authors: Borzova M. 
Published: January 2020

Advertising of prescription drugs is regulated by general and special provisions of the Federal Law No. 38-FZ “On Advertising” dated March 13, 2006. However, the procedure for application of the relevant rules is disclosed in law enforcement practice: decisions of the antimonopoly authority and courts.Law enforcement practices for advertising of prescription drugs contain a separate layer of regulatory interpretations and require special analysis and evaluation when strategically planning and strategizing to promote such drugs.In practice, one can find answers to a number of complex and ambiguous questions. These questions include the formation of fair marketing policies of pharmacies in relation to the circulation of prescription drugs; limitations that may be applicable to scientific and practical articles reporting information about diseases and existing drug options; creation and content of websites that may contain information related to the description of prescription drug properties; procedure for comparing prescription drugs with each other according to the mechanism of action and other criteria; use of certain words and expressions in advertising materials that are distributed at professional medical events and published in specialized printed publications. In addition, the analysis of solutions from law enforcement practice reveals approaches to assessing the reliability of information contained in advertisements, as well as methods to identify relevant violations of the law and the procedure for assessing evidence by the enforcer.All these issues are covered in detail in this article based on an analysis of case proceedings regarding the unfair advertising of prescription drugs. The article provides the most complete set of solutions that are important from the point of view of practitioners.
Geometric Isomerism and DFT Theoretical Explanation of the Unexpected Formation of N, N-disubstituted Formamidines from 2-amino-3-cyano-4.6- diarylpyridines
Authors: Abdelrehim El-sayed M. , El-Sayed Doaa S. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:Unexpected series of N,N-disubstituted formamidines were obtained upon the reaction of 2-amino-3-cyano-4.6-diarylpyridines with triflouroroacetic anhydride (TFAA) in dimethyl formamide (DMF).Methods:The syn/anti ratio of N,N-disubstituted formamidines was calculated by applying the 1H-NMR additivy increment rule. The mechanism of formamidine formation is suggested using the experimental results, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and successfully computed with DFT calculations using the B3LYP functional and 6-311G (p,d) basis set.Results:The reaction mechanism classified as unexpected nucleophilic attack reaction of the solvent (DMF) on the carbonyl group leaving a positively charged intermediate which was attacked with nitrogen atom of the amine form N,N-disubstituted formamidines. Bond lengths and Mulliken atomic charges were calculated to support the reliability of the predicted reaction mechanism. The activation energy of each species appears in the reaction pathway was calculated.Conclusion:HOMO-LUMO analysis showed that the reaction pathway is preferred to proceed through the suggested mechanism. It is clear that DMF is not the appropriate solvent in the case of preparation of triflouroacetamide.
Model latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service atlet voli pantai
Authors: Irmansyah Johan , Lubis Muhammad Ridwan , Permadi Andi Gilang , Sakti Nune Wire Panji 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan sebuah model latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service pada atlet voli pantai NTB, dan (2) mengetahui keefektifan model latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service atlet voli pantai NTB. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau yang sering disebut research and development yang mana digunakan untuk menghasilkan sebuah produk yang diinginkan. Hasil penelitian ini, yaitu studi pendahuluan, uji skala kecil dan skala besar yang telah dilakukan dengan percobaaan floating service dan instrument yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, dinyatakan bahwa penilaian para ahli terhadap model latihan imagery untuk meningkatkan ketepatan floating service dikatakan ‘layak’ untuk diterapkan di lapangan. Untuk uji efektifitas produk akhir, dari hasil analisis uji t menggunakan Paired Sample Test, menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pretest – posttest ketepatan floating service dengan nilai t sebesar 8.104 dan signifikansi 0.000 < 0.05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan floating service sebelum dan sesudah diberikan latihan imagery mendapatkan peningkatan yang signifikan atau ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service. Exercise model imagery to improve the accuracy of floating service in beach volleyball athlete AbstractThis study aims to: (1) produce an exercise model of imagery to improve the accuracy of floating service in NTB beach volleyball athletes, and (2) determine the effectiveness an exercise model of imagery to improve the accuracy of floating service in NTB beach volleyball athletes. This research uses research and development methods or often called research and development which is used to produce the desired product. The results of this study, namely a preliminary study, small scale and large scale tests that have been carried out with a trial of floating services and instruments that have been tested for validity and reliability, stated that experts' assessment of imagery training models to improve the accuracy of floating services is said to be 'feasible' in the field. To test the effectiveness of the final product, the results of the t-test analysis using Paired Sample Test, showed that the increase in pretest-posttest floating service accuracy with a t value of 8,104 and significance of 0,000 <0.05, it can be concluded that the increase in floating service before and after imagery training was given get a significant increase or there is a significant effect of imagery training on improving the accuracy of floating services.
Effect of imagery on freethrow shooting in basketball extraculicular
Authors: Novriansyah Novriansyah , Irianto Djoko Pekik , Rahmat Yurieke Nadiya , Nanda Fitri Agung 
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out differences in influence between internal imagery training and external training imagery on the results of free-throw shooting in extracurricular bola basketball, It used an experimental method. The sample was selected by random sampling technique which comprised three schools, SMPN 1 Bantul, SMPN 3 Bantul, SMPN 3 Jetis with a total of 42 bola basketball extracurricular students. An instrument measured the shooting free throw test to measure the free throw from Arianto B. The data were then analyzed using a two-track analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significant level of α = 0.05. The results show that there is a significant difference between internal and external imagery training on the results of free-throw extracurricular bola basketball, which is evident from the value sig = 0.010 <0.05. External exercises imagery provides a better influence on the results of free shooting extracurricular bola basketball
El fortalecimiento del Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones como señal del nuevo equilibrio del poder en el Estado Mexicano
Authors: Zeind Chávez Marco Antonio 
Published: January 2020

Dentro de la nueva conformación del Derecho en el siglo XXI, las modificaciones constitucionales en áreas específicas (tales como lo son las telecomunicaciones) son relevantes en la nueva forma de comprender y desarrollar los mecanismos de control democrático que existe entre las instituciones que los regulan.
La sentencia que resuelve el amparo 1100/2015, es de vital importancia en el desarrollo de la investigación y consolidación de los Organismos Constitucionales Autónomos (OCAs).
Han sido estos entes públicos los que han dado el giro de tuerca en la forma de abordar la división de poderes y las facultades de los Poderes Ejecutivo y Legislativo, los cuales se ven confrontados por la capacidad técnica y especializada de algunos OCAs. De ahí surgió la necesidad e inquietud de analizar una sentencia que marca un punto de quiebre no sólo para los mismos OCAs; sino en asuntos tan específicos como son las tarifas de interconexión.
Fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos de tratamento informacional de documentos de análises físico-químicas aplicadas a objetos do patrimônio cultural.
Authors: Oliveira Laís de , Kobashi Nair Yumiko 
Published: January 2020

Estudo dos fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos de tratamento informacional da documentação produzida por análises físico-químicas aplicadas a objetos do patrimônio cultural. Essas técnicas geram imagens e gráficos decorrentes da interação de radiação eletromagnética com a matéria dos objetos e permitem identificar materiais, técnicas, processos, origem, intervenções realizadas, autenticidade das obras, etc. Procurou-se destacar as características e atributos para descrever a documentação estudada, relacioná-la aos objetos analisados, organizar, representar e armazená-los em um sistema de informação. Foi inicialmente realizada uma revisão bibliográfica para: (a) compreender e definir o gênero documental e o tipo de documentação produzido pelas técnicas arqueométricas; (b) estudar um sistema de recuperação de informação, cujos aspectos centrais são a estrutura de metadados e a terminologia a ser empregada; (c) conhecer métodos para gerir, manter, preservar e recuperar dados de pesquisas de aplicação de métodos físico-químicos. Espera-se, ao final da pesquisa, sistematizar os parâmetros de construção de repositórios digitais para armazenar, organizar e disponibilizar esta documentação, contribuir para aumentar a visibilidade dos acervos dos museus da USP e promover melhor acesso às pesquisas sobre o patrimônio cultural.
EFFECTIVE WAYS OF TEACHING PRAGMATICS: HUMOR IN THE CLASSROOM
Authors: De Oliveira Ulisses Tadeu Vaz , Ikeda Sumiko Nishitani , Saparas Marcelo 
Published: January 2020

Pragmatics takes into account the relations between signs and their users, the speakers. When somebody says “Thanks, I’m not hungry” in response to the statement “You left the door open”, your are making a pragmatic mistake, because in such context “thanks I’m not hungry” is an inappropriate reply for the statement “You left the door open”. So, pragmatics is the dimension of the study of languages that deals with the relation between signs and their users in their concrete contexts of use, in other words, it is the study of the use of language in communication, particularly the relationships between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used. Pragmatics includes the study of: (a) how the interpretation and use of utterances depend on knowledge of the real world; (b) how speakers use and understand speech acts; and (c) how the structure of sentences is influenced by the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. Furthermore, within a Systemic-Functional perspective, language is functional (people use language with a purpose), semantic (the purpose is to make meaning and socially interact with other people), semiotic (meaning making by choice) and contextual (pragmatic) as social interaction influences and is influenced by the context in which it is inserted. In this line of reasoning, the objective of this paper is the consideration that in teaching L2 pragmatics the socio-culturally and contextually appropriate (or inappropriate) communication will depend on the teaching of L2 pragmatics in the classroom in certain instances, as there can be many pragmatically appropriate ways to ask for information, to schedule an appointment, etc. With this in mind, our corpus is based on utterances and situations found in teaching English as L2 environment. Our particular the context is one of a regular English class in a private English school in the state of São Paulo, Brazil in which the L2 teacher used the excerpt of the movie Philomena and comic cartoons to teach English. Some results showed that the great majority of students investigated could not make out the humorous scenes of the video scenes and cartoons before their L2 teacher explained the scenes/cartoons to them mainly due to pragmatic issues.
Participação Social e planos de cultura: três experiências e seus desafios
Authors: Barros José Márcio 
Published: January 2020

Este texto é fruto de uma pesquisa financiada pelo Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas – CNPQ com o objetivo de analisar a participação social na construção de políticas públicas de cultura, mais especificamente o processo de consulta virtual para a revisão das Metas do Plano Nacional de Cultura, o processo de construção do Plano Estadual de Cultura de Minas Gerais e do Plano Municipal de Cultura de Belo Horizonte. Por meio de análise de dados extraídos de plataformas de participação, relatórios institucionais e entrevistas, a pesquisa constatou a importância dos mecanismos de participação social originados na Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988, bem como as necessidades de seu aprimoramento no campo das políticas culturais no Brasil.
Sistema Estadual de Cultura do RJ: desafios da institucionalização de políticas públicas participativas no campo cultural fluminense (2009-2019)
Authors: Amorim Simone Rodrigues 
Published: January 2020

O trabalho analisa o processo de criação do Sistema Estadual de Cultura do Rio de Janeiro (2009-2015), destacando as contradições na implantação de políticas públicas participativas, diante dos limites de compromisso entre o poder público e a sociedade civil. Com o intuito de entender e dimensionar as dificuldades e os avanços obtidos, o artigo propõe uma análise empírica do caso fluminense fundamentado sobre o aporte teórico neoinstitucionalista. O artigo pretende contribuir para que administradores públicos possam observar erros e acertos dessa experiência em processos de gestão que envolvam a participação social eapresenta uma atualização do quadro geral das políticas de cultura no Rio de Janeiro, profundamente deterioradas pela crise institucional que afeta o estado desde 2016.