bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEMBACA HAMBATAN IMPLEMENTASI PARIWISATA HALAL BANGKALAN
Authors: Nasik Khoirun 
Published: February 2020

Kemajuan zaman dan meningkatnya kesejahteraan masyarakat di era modern akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bisnis. Diantara bisnis tersebut adalah sektor pariwisata syari’ah sebagai jawaban atas kebutuhan batiniyah.Data kementerian pariwisata menunjukkan bahwa bisnis syari’ah termasuk sektor pariwisata di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan pengunjung cukup signifikan. Kabupaten Bangkalan bagian dari pulau Madura yang terkenal dengan budaya religius dan sekaligus memiliki potensi destinasi yang sangat indah, menarik, unik dan luar biasa. Destinasi tersebut dapat dikelompokkan: wisata alam seperti bukit Jaddih, kapur Arosbaya, pantai rongkang, Sembilangan. wisata kuliner terdiri dari bebek sinjay, matus, nasi serpang, wisata religi antara lain makam syaikhona Muhammad Kholil, Sultan abdul Kadirun, Ratu Ibu. wisata sejarah, sentra batik, wisata budaya dan wisata bahari.Namun penerapan dan pengelolaan pariwisata syari’ah belum nampak. Hal ini tentu ada faktor yang menjadi penyebab. Penelitian ini mencoba mengungkap dan mengalisis apa saja yang menjadi faktor penghambat sekaligus mencoba menawarkan formula solusi yang efektif.Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor faktor penghambat implementasi pariwisata syari’ah di Bangkalan sekaligus berupaya menemukan solusi praktis menyelesaikannya mengingat Madura memiliki potensi yang cukup besar.Hasil penelitian menunjukanbeberapa hal yang menjadi hambatana antara lain : kurangnya kerjasama antara pihak, pergantian jabatan, minimnya anggaran, belum ada destinasi andalan, objek wisata milik perorangan, belum ada regulasi detil dari kementerian pariwisata
Production of Petroleum Products From a Gilsonite Mine
Authors: Nelson R.E. 
Published: February 2020

AIME Annual Meeting, 16–20 February, New York

Abstract
The first commercial and privately-financed plant to make gasoline and other petroleum products from a source other than crude oil was placed into successful operation during 1957. The techniques of mining the Gilsonite raw material, moving it to a suitable refinery location, and converting it to useful products were an engineering challenge that can now be discussed in the light of eight months' commercial operation.

Introduction
The first Gilsonite solids were transported 72 miles in a pipeline over the Book Cliffs Mountains in western Colorado and arrived at the American Gilsonite Co.'s new refinery located near Grand Junction on April 15, 1957. This accomplishment was the turning of an economic key that will unlock and make into useful products, such as gasoline, metallurgical grade coke and chemicals, the equivalent of 100 million barrels of a unique hydrocarbon properly known as Uintaite and commonly known as Gilsonite (Reg. Trade-mark).
For over one-half century previous to this time, Gilsonite reached the world markets in comparative trickle proportions of 25 to 75 thousand tons per year. It has been restricted principally because its source is located in the remote Uintah Basin of eastern Utah and western Colorado, the closest road-rail connection to this area being 120 miles away.

Description of Gilsonite
Gilsonite is a brittle, high-purity, solid hydrocarbon found in vertical fissures or veins varying in width from a few inches to 22 ft. The veins range in depth from a few feet to over 2,000 ft. They occur principally in the middle and lower Uintah sandstone formations of the Tertiary period and generally bottom in the Green River shales. The latter formations are probably the prime source of the Gilsonite.
The Oil Industry of Venezuela - Its Strategic and Economic Significance
Authors: de la Cova Carlos 
Published: February 2020

AIME Annual Meeting, 16–20 February, New York

Abstract
The Republic of Venezuela occupies a strategic position in the Western Hemisphere, in so far as the security and defense of the free world is concerned. I will endeavor to review briefly in this paper the basic points of the development of Venezuela's oil industry, emphasizing in a very general way its strategic and economic significance. In this connection it is worth remembering that continuity and consistency have characterized Venezuela'spolicy with respect to the availability of oil supplies to the U.S. and to the free world.

Introduction
Venezuela is the second largest oil producing country in the world and the largest exporter. It accounts for roughly 14 per cent of world production, and 6 per cent of world oil reserves.
Owing to world demand, production of crude has continued to rise sharply. Only a small percentage of production is consumed domestically while the rest is exported.
Venezuela's production has been increasing steadily for the last 57 years, with brief interruptions. In 1920, the daily average production was about 1,235B/D. A production rate of 1,000,000 bbl daily was reached in 1946, and this had grown to 2,000,000 bbl daily by 1955. Thus it took 52 years to arrive at the first million barrels daily and 10 years to reach the two million bbl daily mark, and it seems likely that the three million bbl daily will be reached by1959.
It may be noted that two important factors influence the rate of production. One is as mentioned above, world demand for Venezuelan crudes and products, and the other is, a strict application of the conservation laws.
There have been several post-war interruptions in the rate of growth of production. Temporary setbacks in 1949 and 1955 were the result of fluctuations in the US economy and temporary "Oversupply" of world markets. The drop in Venezuelan production which first became evident in July of last year is the result of several factors among them a cessation of emergency demand, a slowing of industrial activity and of course the limit set on imports into the U.S. Within Venezuela, the most prolific fields are to be found in the Lake Maracaibo basin.
Development of the Paradox Reservoir in the Four Corners Area
Authors: Young W.T. 
Published: February 2020

Joint Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Petroleum Sections of AIME, 3–4 March, Denver

Abstract
The Paradox Basin is a sedimentational basin lying in southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado. The earliest major exploration occurred on the northside of the San Juan River in Township 40S - Range 24E, during 1956 and 1957.Extensive development also followed on the south side of the river in Township 41S in the latter part of 1957. These activities have continued on both sides of the river to the present. Development within the basin has become identified with field names approved by the Utah Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. The major fields on the north of the river are Aneth, Cahone Mesa, Ismay Bluff, McElmo Creek, and on the south, White Mesa, Ratherford and Desert Creek.

History
Commercial production in the Basin was first obtained by Shell Oil Co. on the south side of the river at their Desert Creek No.2, on Nov. 5, 1954. Shortly after, the Texas Co. brought in their Navajo C No.1 on the north side of the river for 1704 bbl of 430 gravity oil. This well indicated the extensive activity with which the Four Corners Area has since been identified.
To date the majority of drilling and development has been on Navajo Indian lands. These lands are characterized by poor surface coverage and, therefore, very little economic development. Telephone lines, power lines, and habitable communities were non-existent at the time major drilling programs were started in the Four Corners Area. Roads consisted of Indian Service trails and were unsuited for either the volume of traffic or the truck loads suddenly imposed upon them. Improvement and extension of the trails was greatly handicapped by the extensive areas of unconsolidated sands and the distances to accessible rock suitable as aggregates for road construction. Since there were no small communities on the reservation around which either trailer or housing developments could be initiated, personnel and supplies had to be based at the nearest town or towns.
Spotlight on R&D - JPT Article Series
Authors: _ _ 
Published: February 2020

Compilation of a series of articles published in the Journal of Petroleum Technology between January 2004 and May 2005.

Summary
In 2002, SPE highlighted the importance of creating technology for oil and gas extraction through the formation of the R&D Advisory Committee. The committee's aim is to foster the continuing development of petroleum engineering technology through collaborations of academia, industry, and government groups worldwide. Included was the introduction of "performance metrics" for this effort and the desire to ensure that the value—financial and otherwise—of R&D to the oil and gas industry receives much greater attention.
A major impetus for the committee's activities has been the decline in research activity among major operating companies and the perception that this decline has not only decreased the direct research efforts of these companies but also reduced their participation in collaborative research activities with academia, government laboratories, and private research companies.
The need for continued collaborative research efforts is clear, at least from the academic side. For example, in the 2002-03 academic year, industry provided about 42% of the total external funding at the U. of Texas Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Dept. At the U. of Tulsa, industry funding during the same period accounted for 54% of external research funding. The continuing health of petroleum engineering departments and other research providers throughout the world depends on such support from industry collaborators.
The R&D Advisory Committee chose to adddress the current state of industry R&D through a series of articles in JPT that highlight currentR&D activities under way in academia, in government laboratories, and in industry. The articles also attempt to identify the areas of most pressingneed for future research.
These JPT articles, published between January 2004 and May 2005, focus on the SPE technical disciplines of Drilling and Completions; Facilities and Construction; Health, Safety, and Environment; Management and Information;Production and Operations; and Reservoir Description and Dynamics, with each article written by recognized research leaders in these fields. The authors were asked to present some recent success stories that show the value of newtechnology development and to predict the R&D needs of the future in their areas.

Common Themes
A theme common to R&D endeavors in the six disciplines is an emphasis on economic benefit. Many of the successful R&D projects reviewed were relatively short-term, with clearly identifiable economic returns resulting. The longer-term efforts described have less clear definition and higher risk, but with potential economic returns that are substantial enough to be attractive, even in light of the risks. R&D is an astute investment.
Calculation of Rate and Ultimate Recovery From Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Brinkley T.W. 
Published: February 2020

Petroleum Conference on Production and Reservoir Engineering, 20–21 March, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Abstract
Non-associated condensate-bearing gases in constant volume reservoirs are discussed. The discussion is predominantly directed to evaluation methods, sampling, determination of products originally in place, natural depletion performance, pressure maintenance, producing rate, and similar information basic to condensate reservoir evaluation.
Empirical correlations are presented on natural depletion recovery as well as benefits in pressure maintenance, and cover the range of gas-liquid ratios up to 50,000 cu ft/bbl. Displacement efficiencies observed in pressure maintenance operations in condensate reservoirs are useful in other miscible-phase displacement systems.

Introduction
Condensate-bearing gas reservoirs are unique because the surface produced stock tank condensate was contained in the reservoir in a gaseous phase. Also, condensate differs from oils in that the stock-tank gravity is high, usually50°API or higher and generally is light in color. More important, however, to achieve a barrel of stock-tank condensate requires a greater reservoir voidage than a barrel of stock-tank oil will require from a liquid oil phase reservoir. In addition, a condensate-bearing gas will contain its maximum condensate content at the original [usually dew-point] pressure. Finally, the condensate content of a reservoir gas will consistently decline with pressure decline and will reach a minimum content at reservoir pressures approximating 1000–2000 psia; this content vs pressure is referred to as retrograde condensation range. Continued reduction in pressure, below the retrograde condensation range, will result in a continued enrichment of the gas due to vaporization of the previously accumulated retrograde liquid. It is the retrograde phenomenon that is the crux of the condensate problem and distinguishes it from oil and dry gas reservoirs.
It is the improved recovery methods, i.e., surface installations to remove more effectively liquifiable hydrocarbons or the pressure maintenance methods within the reservoir which prevent retrograde condensation, that provide the economic challenge in operating condensate reservoirs. Many variations or combinations in improvements have been incorporated in the past to achieve greatest economic recovery.
Fundamentally, the basic principles of condensate-bearing gases have been understood for many years and recent writings have permitted refinements in analytical methods and operating techniques. Condensate reservoirs have been recognized since the early 1930's; they may or may not be associated with down structure reservoir oil. Condensate-bearing gas may also be identified as released solution gas associated with high-volatile reservoir oils. When condensate-bearing gas is associated with a reservoir oil, the gas is accepted as saturated; however, when non-associated it could be undersaturated at the discovery reservoir pressure.
Increased Secondary Recovery by Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Paul J.R. , Taylor Lloyd C. 
Published: February 2020

Petroleum Conference on Production and Reservoir Engineering, 20–21 March, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Introduction
Fracturing has become an important stimulation method both for production and injection wells in secondary recovery operations. The increased percentage of oil produced by secondary recovery makes studies of the effect of fracturing increasingly important.

Reasons for Fracturing
There are several reasons why secondary recovery wells should be fractured. Fracturing often makes possible recovering more oil from the reservoir than could otherwise be produced. A reservoir's permeability is so greatly increased that a faster flow of fluid through the reservoir can be obtained under given differential pressures. This condition extends the reservoir's productive life.
In some cases fracturing reduced injection well operating pressures, perhaps eliminating the need for high pressure injection equipment. Fracturing often makes profitable oil recovery possible in a reservoir which otherwise could not be considered commercial. Such a situation may occur after prolonged waterflooding or early in the life of a water flood project.

Selecting Wells to be Fractured
Several factors should be considered in selecting wells to be fractured. After water injection is started, several months may elapse before the formation's void spaces are filled. Many operators use as a rule-of-thumb that a product ion well should be fractured if it has not responded satisfactorily after one and a half times the calculated fill-up volume has been injected into off-set wells. This rule-of-thumb has been used frequently, and, in most cases, the fractured wells have responded immediately.
If an individual production well has begun to produce large amounts of water it should not be fractured. A fracturing treatment would probably increase water production, rather than oil production. However, a repair job [for example using latex-cement or plastic] may successfully shut off the water and make a fracturing treatment feasible.
In case of injection wells, fracturing treatments are often performed simply because the well does not accept water properly. This situation may occur when production wells are converted to injection wells or when new injection wells are drilled.
Vaccination Coverage with the Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccine Among Persons with Chronic Diseases in Shanghai, China, 2017
Authors: Wang Yuheng , Cheng Minna , Wang Siyuan , Wu Fei , Yan Qinghua , Yang Qinping , Li Yanyun , Guo Xiang , Fu Chen , Shi Yan , Wagner Abram L. , Boulton Matthew L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Adults with chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or lung disease are more likely to develop complications from a number of vaccine-preventable diseases, including influenza and pneumonia. In this study, we use the data from a chronic disease management information system in Shanghai to estimate vaccination coverage and characterize predictors of seasonal influenza and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) vaccination among people with chronic disease in Shanghai.
Methods: The Shanghai Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have information systems related to chronic disease management, hospital records, and immunizations. Data from individuals with hypertension, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were abstracted during July 2017. The main outcome was coverage of pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. Vaccination coverage was calculated across demographic groups. Significance in bivariate associations was assessed through Pearson’s chi-square tests, and in multivariable models through logistic regression models with a forward stepwise method to select variables.
Results: In the sample of 2,531,227 individuals ≥15 years, 22.8% were vaccinated for pneumonia from January 2013 to July 2017, and the vaccination coverage of influenza in the 2016/17 influenza season was 0.4%. Vaccination coverage was highest in those 70-79 and lowest in those younger than 60. Compared to urban areas, uptake in rural areas was higher for pneumonia vaccination (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 2.41, 2.45), but lower for influenza vaccination (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.59). Having a greater number of chronic diseases was associated with higher likelihood of pneumonia vaccination (3 vs 1: OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.64, 1.71), but this relationship was not statistically significant for influenza vaccination.
Conclusions: We found low levels with of pneumococcal vaccination, and extremely low uptake of influenza vaccination among individuals with high risk conditions in Shanghai who should be priority groups targeted for vaccination. Interventions could be designed to target groups with low uptake – like younger adults, and individuals who have not yet retired.
No association between the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the dopamine receptor D3 gene and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of family-based association studies
Authors: Li Xiao-na , Zheng Ji-long , Wei Xiao-han , Wang Bao-jie , Yao Jun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Ser9Gly (rs6280) is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human dopamine receptor D3 gene ( DRD 3 ). It is still controversial whether Ser9Gly is involved in the occurrence of schizophrenia. While there has been meta-analysis performed previously, that work did not include the family-based studies, which accounted for stratification bias. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of family-based studies to explore the role of Ser9Gly in the etiology of schizophrenia. Methods : The published family-based association studies were retrieved from the relevant literature databases according to the established inclusion criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the strength of the relationship between Ser9Gly SNP and the occurrence of schizophrenia. Moreover, subgroup analysis was carried out by ethnicity (i.e., East Asian, Caucasian, and other populations). Results : We finally pooled up 13 family-based association studies between Ser9Gly SNP and schizophrenia. It contained 11 transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) studies with 1219 informative meiosis and 5 haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HRR) studies. There was no statistical significance for the heterogeneity in TDT and HRR studies. Therefore, the fixed effect model was used to measure the pooled effect size. The results showed that neither of the associations between Ser9Gly and the risk of schizophrenia were observed in TDT (1219 informative meiosis, OR=1.005, 95% CI = 0.898-1.125, Z-value = 0.086, p = 0.932) and HRR studies (1704 samples, OR=0.869, 95% CI = 0.713-1.059, Z-value = -1.395, p = 0.163), except for the significantly preferential transmission of DRD3 Ser9 allele in East Asian in TDT studies (204 informative meiosis, OR=0.744, 95% CI = 0.564-0.980, Z-value = -2.104, p = 0.035). Conclusions : Our meta-analysis found no association between DRD3 gene Ser9Gly polymorphism and the risk of schizophrenia. These data provide possible avenues for future family-based studies related to schizophrenia.
Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study
Authors: Shine Sisay , Muhamud Sindew , Adnew Solomon , Demelash Alebachew , Abate Makda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 children under-five deaths and 1.7 billion cases globally and is the second leading cause of death among children under-five every year. It is a major public health problem in low income countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 parent or caretaker/children pairs in Debre Berhan town between 13–18 April 2018. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-info computer software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Window Version-16 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the level of significance.
Results: The two week prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five was 16.4% (69/351). Children aged 7-11 months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 - 15.3), being the second-born child (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 - 8.5), not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 - 91.3) and feeding children by hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of diarrhea.
Conclusions: This study revealed that the two weeks period prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five years was 16.4%. Education programs on the importance of vaccination against rotavirus, increasing breast feeding frequency with complementary food after six months and the critical points of hand washing are recommended.