bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complex response of free and bound amino acids to water stress during the seed setting stage in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yobi Abou , Bagaza Clement , Batushansky Albert , Shrestha Vivek , Emery Marianne L. , Holden Samuel , Turner‐Hissong Sarah , Miller Nathan D. , Mawhinney Thomas P. , Angelovici Ruthie 
Published: January 2020

SummaryFree amino acids (FAAs) and protein‐bound amino acids (PBAAs) in seeds play an important role in seed desiccation, longevity, and germination. However, the effect that water stress has on these two functional pools, especially when imposed during the crucial seed setting stage is unclear. To better understand these effects, we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage to a range of water limitation and water deprivation conditions and then evaluated physiological, metabolic, and proteomic parameters, with special focus on FAAs and PBAAs. We found that in response to severe water limitation, seed yield decreased, while seed weight, FAA, and PBAA content per seed increased. Nevertheless, the composition of FAAs and PBAAs remained unaltered. In response to severe water deprivation, however, both seed yield and weight were reduced. In addition, major alterations were observed in both FAA and proteome compositions, which indicated that both osmotic adjustment and proteomic reprogramming occurred in these naturally desiccation‐tolerant organs. However, despite the major proteomic alteration, the PBAA composition did not change, suggesting that the proteomic reprogramming was followed by a proteomic rebalancing. Proteomic rebalancing has not been observed previously in response to stress, but its occurrence under stress strongly suggests its natural function. Together, our data show that the dry seed PBAA composition plays a key role in seed fitness and therefore is rigorously maintained even under severe water stress, while the FAA composition is more plastic and adaptable to changing environments, and that both functional pools are distinctly regulated.
Multigene phylogeny reveals convergent evolution in small interstitial catfishes from the Amazon and Atlantic forests (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)
Authors: Costa Wilson J. E. M. , Henschel Elisabeth , Katz Axel M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInterstitial trichomycterid catfishes of the Glanapteryginae and Sarcoglanidinae with uncommon morphology have been known for long time from taxa endemic to the Amazon. In most recent decades, two genera, Listrura and Microcambeva, respectively, placed in Glanapteryginae and Sarcoglanidinae on the basis of morphological characters, have been described from the Atlantic Forest of eastern South America, about 1,500 km from the area inhabited by those Amazon taxa. Herein, we first test the phylogenetic positioning of Listrura and Microcambeva using a multigene data set, including two nuclear and three mitochondrial genes for nine species of Listrura and Microcambeva and 11 species representing all closely related subfamilies (TSVSG‐clade), as well as five used as outgroups. The phylogenetic analyses generated a robust tree with high support values in all nodes, where monophyly of Glanapteryginae and Sarcoglanidinae is refuted. In contrast, Listrura and Microcambeva form a highly supported clade, herein formally described as a new subfamily, sister to a clade containing taxa representing the Glanapteryginae, Sarcoglanidinae, Stegophilinae, Tridentinae and Vandelliinae. This study also indicates that Microcambeva and Listrura exhibit divergent evolutionary trends in ecological and morphological attributes. Species of Microcambeva inhabit patches of loose sand and possess morphological traits that were convergently acquired by Amazon sand‐dwelling sarcoglanidines, including loss of body pigmentation and long maxilla. Species of Listrura live burrowed inside small stretches of dense leaf litter and have morphological traits that were convergently acquired by Amazon glanapterygines inhabiting leaf litter bottom rivers, including elongate body, with numerous vertebrae and loss or reduction of all fins.
Cerebral metabolism, oxidation and inflammation in severe passive hyperthermia with and without respiratory alkalosis
Authors: Bain Anthony R. , Hoiland Ryan L. , Donnelly Joseph , Nowak‐Flück Daniela , Sekhon Mypinder , Tymko Michael M. , Greiner Jared J. , DeSouza Christopher A. , Ainslie Philip N. 
Published: January 2020

Key points
It was unknown whether respiratory alkalosis impacts the global cerebral metabolic response as well as the cerebral pro‐oxidation and inflammatory response in passive hyperthermia.
This study demonstrated that the cerebral metabolic rate was increased by ∼20% with passive hyperthermia of up to +2°C oesophageal temperature, and this response was unaffected by respiratory alkalosis.
Additionally, the increase in cerebral metabolism did not significantly impact the net cerebral release of oxidative and inflammatory markers.
These data indicate that passive heating of up to +2°C core temperature in healthy young men is not enough to confer a major oxidative and inflammatory burden on the brain, but it does markedly increase the cerebral metabolic rate, independently of .
AbstractThere is limited information concerning the impact of arterial /pH on heat‐induced alteration in cerebral metabolism, as well as on the cerebral oxidative/inflammatory burden of hyperthermia. Accordingly, we sought to address two hypotheses: (1) passive hyperthermia will increase the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) consistent with a combined influence of Q10 and respiratory alkalosis; and (2) the net cerebral release of pro‐oxidative and pro‐inflammatory markers will be elevated in hyperthermia, particularly in poikilocapnic hyperthermia. Healthy young men (n = 6) underwent passive heating until an oesophageal temperature of 2°C above resting was reached. At 0.5°C increments in core temperature, CMRO2 was calculated from the product of cerebral blood flow (ultrasound) and the radial artery–jugular venous oxygen content difference (cannulation). Net cerebral glucose/lactate exchange, and biomarkers of oxidative and inflammatory stress were also measured. At +2.0°C oesophageal temperature, arterial was restored to normothermic values using end‐tidal forcing. The primary findings were: (1) while CMRO2 was increased (P < 0.05) by ∼20% with hyperthermia of +1.5–2.0°C, this was not influenced by respiratory alkalosis, and (2) although biomarkers of pro‐oxidation and pro‐inflammation were systemically elevated in hyperthermia (P < 0.05), there were no differences in the trans‐cerebral exchange kinetics. These novel data indicate that passive heating of up to +2°C core temperature in healthy young men is not enough to confer a major oxidative and inflammatory burden on the brain, despite it markedly increasing CMRO2, irrespective of arterial pH.
Translation of Cryobiological Techniques to Socially Economically Deprived Populations—Part 1: Cryogenic Preservation Strategies
Authors: Buriak Iryna , Fleck Roland A. , Goltsev Anatoliy , Shevchenko Nadiya , Petrushko Maryna , Yurchuk Taisiia , Puhovkin Anton , Rozanova Svitlana , Guibert Edgardo Elvio , Robert Maria Celeste , de Paz Leonardo Juan , Powell-Palm Matthew J. , Fuller Barry 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUse of cold for preservation of biological materials, avoidance of food spoilage and to manage a variety of medical conditions has been known for centuries. The cryobiological science justified these applications in the 1960s increasing their use in expanding global activities. However, the engineering and technological aspects associated with cryobiology can be expensive and this raises questions about the abilities of resource-restricted low and middle income countries (LMICs) to benefit from the advances. This review was undertaken to understand where or how access to cryobiological advances currently exist and the constraints on their usage. The subject areas investigated were based on themes which commonly appear in the journal Cryobiology. This led in the final analysis for separating the review into two parts, with the first part dealing with cold applied for biopreservation of living cells and tissues in science, health care and agriculture, and the second part dealing with cold destruction of tissues in medicine. The limitations of the approaches used are recognized, but as a first attempt to address these topics surrounding access to cryobiology in LMICs, the review should pave the way for future more subject-specific assessments of the true global uptake of the benefits of cryobiology.
Design and Development of a Quasi-Passive Transtibial Biarticular Prosthesis to Replicate Gastrocnemius Function in Walking
Authors: Willson Andrea M. , Richburg Chris A. , Czerniecki Joseph , Steele Katherine M. , Aubin Patrick M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Lower-limb amputees experience many gait impairments and limitations. Some of these impairments can be attributed to the lack of a functioning biarticular gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle. We propose a transtibial prosthesis that implements a quasi-passive spring mechanism to replicate GAS function. A prototype biarticular prosthesis (BP) was designed, built, and tested on one subject with a transtibial amputation. They walked on an instrumented treadmill with motion capture under three different biarticular spring stiffness conditions. A custom-developed OpenSim musculoskeletal model, which included the BP, was used to calculate the work performed and torque applied by the BP spring on the knee and ankle joints. The BP functioned as expected, generating forces with similar timing to GAS. Work transfer occurred from the ankle to the knee, with stiffer springs transferring more energy. Driven mostly by kinematics, the quasi-passive design of the BP consumed very low power (5.15 W average) and could lend itself well to future lightweight, low-power designs.
Burst Pressure Prediction of Pipes With Internal Corrosion Defects
Authors: Fahed M. , Barsoum I. , Alfantazi A. , Islam M. D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Corrosion in pipeline walls can lead to severe loss of material to a point which will cause complete loss of pipeline integrity. The contemporary approach of corrosion prevention is to use internal lining system to isolate the corrosive medium from the inner surface of the host pipe. The objective of this study is to assess the burst pressure of pipelines with internal corrosion defects. The mechanical response of carbon steel API X42, X52, and X70 pipe grades are empirically estimated and implemented in a finite element model. The geometry of an internal corrosion defect is defined through its depth, width, and length, and a parametric study is undertaken to investigate the influence of the corrosion defect parameters to the overall burst pressure of the pipe. Based on the results from the parametric study, the Buckingham π-theorem is used to derive an analytical closed-form expression to predict the burst pressure of internally corroded pipes, which is found to agree markedly well with the experimental results.
Effect of Radiation on Hydromagnetic Mixed Convective Flow in a Vertical Channel Filled With Porous Media: A Thermal Nonequilibrium Approach
Authors: Renu K. M. , Kumar Ashok 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work addresses the magnetic and radiation effects on the fully developed mixed convective flow in a vertical channel occupied by a porous medium with the thermal nonequilibrium state. The assumption that the fluid is electrically conducted is taken into account and permitted by a uniform transversal magnetic field while the temperature of the wall is changing linearly with the direction of the fluid flow. The spectral collocation technique is used for the numerical solution, whereas the analytical solution is governed for the special case when the drag force F* and the ratio of porosity-scaled thermal conductivity γ are zero. It is observed that, in the buoyancy assisted case, the fluid flow for Ra&lt;102, (Nuf) increased near the wall with increasing the Hartmann number (M). Beyond this when Ra≥102, (Nuf) is decreased with increasing M. It is also perceived that there exists an interval [0,H0] in which (Nuf) increases with increasing M as well as increasing radiation parameter Rd, furthermore beyond the value of H0, Nuf decreasing asymptotically. While for the buoyancy opposed case, the flow separation and inflection point appear in the velocity profile for different values of M, further both the flow separation and inflection point are dying out as M increases. Overall, for the both cases, the magnetic and radiation parameters are stabilizing the flow in the system.
The Rigid-Flexible-Thermal Coupled Analysis for Spacecraft Carrying Large-Aperture Paraboloid Antenna
Authors: Cui Yaqi , Lan Peng , Zhou Haitao , Yu Zuqing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Since the thermal load would adversely introduce degradation to the normal operation of spacecraft, resulting in unpredictable thermal-dynamic behavior, thermomechanical coupling problems are important and have been investigated extensively. Based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), a thermal integrated ANCF thin plate element based on the unified description is constructed, which could depict the displacement and the temperature field integratedly. By means of the proposed element, the heat transfer and continuum mechanics are integrated in the unified finite element method (FEM) mesh of revolving paraboloid antenna. Additionally, the ANCF reference node is introduced for describing the rigid central hub where the antenna is mounted on to make the rigid-flexible-thermal coupled response being captured in a unified analysis procedure. The solar radiation input and the surface emitting radiation are included in the heat transfer equations. Furthermore, the influence of the rigid body motion and the deformation on the radiant absorption are also considered with the self-shadowing. The established rigid-flexible-thermal coupled simulation is performed on a modified generalized-α integrator which solves the set of multidisciplinary governing equations synchronously. For revealing the nonlinear behavior of the rigid-flexible-thermal coupled system, the observed thermally induced vibration and perturbation on the pointing accuracy of the spacecraft are given in the results, and the feasibility of the presented method is proved.
Momentum Least Mean Square Paradigm for the Measurement of Nonlinear CARAR System Parameters
Authors: Chaudhary Naveed Ishtiaq , Ahmed Mateen , Dedovic Nebojsa , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study presents a variant of least mean square (LMS) algorithm, i.e., momentum LMS (M-LMS), with faster convergence speed for measuring the system parameter of linear as well as nonlinear control autoregressive autoregressive (CARAR) models. The M-LMS effectively exploits the input/output data by utilizing the previous gradients information in update rule to avoid trapping in local minimum (MNM) and yields better convergence behavior than conventional LMS approach. The speedy convergence of M-LMS is achieved by increasing the proportion of previous gradients but at the cost of little compromise in final steady-state behavior. The correctness of the M-LMS is established by effective optimization of the linear as well as nonlinear CARAR model identification. The robustness of the scheme is verified through accurate measurement of CARAR systems parameters for various noise levels. The statistical analyses based on multiple independent trials through proximity measures in terms of fitness, mean squared error, and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency further validated the superior performance of M-LMS for identification of CARAR models.
Impact of Size and Shape of Equine Femoral Subchondral Bone Cysts With a Transcondylar Screw on Predicted Bone Formation Area in a Finite Element Model
Authors: Frazer Lance L. , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Ring Scott J. , Hewitt Ross E. , Fischer Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEquine subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) develop most often in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) of yearlings intended for performance. SBCs often cause lameness and can cause secondary injuries to the meniscus and tibial cartilage. A novel surgical technique using a transcondylar lag screw (TLS) across an MFC SBC has shown success in lameness resolution and radiographic healing of MFC SBC. In a previous study using finite element analysis, our lab showed that a TLS stimulated bone formation on the inner surface of the SBC and altered third principal stress vectors to change the direction of surface compression to align with the screw axis. This work extended the previous study, which was limited by the use of only one idealized SBC. Our objective was to test SBCs of several sizes and shapes in a newly developed equine stifle FEM with a TLS to determine how cyst size affects bone formation stimulation. This study found that a transcondylar screw is most effective in stimulating bone formation in cysts of greater height (proximal-distal). The TLS increases stress stimulus in the bone around the cyst to promote bone apposition and directs compression across the cyst. If full penetration of the screw through the cyst is possible, it is recommended that the transcondylar screw be used to treat subchondral bone cysts. For the treatment of smaller cysts that are not accessible by the current screw surgical approach, future work could study the efficacy of a dual-pitch headless screw that may reach smaller cysts.
Nonanatomic Placement of Posteromedial Meniscal Root Repairs: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Steineman Brett D. , LaPrade Robert F. , Haut Donahue Tammy L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nonanatomic placement of posteromedial meniscal root repairs alters knee mechanics; however, little is known about how the position and magnitude of misplacement affect knee mechanics. Finite element knee models were developed to assess changes in cartilage and meniscus mechanics for anatomic and various nonanatomic repairs with respect to intact. In total, 25 different repair locations were assessed at loads of 500 N and 1000 N. The two-simple-suture method was represented within the models to simulate posteromedial meniscal root repairs. Anatomic repairs nearly restored total contact area; however, meniscal hoop stress decreased, meniscal extrusion increased, and cartilage–cartilage contact area increased. Repairs positioned further posterior altered knee mechanics the most and repairs positioned further anterior restored knee mechanics for posteromedial root repairs. Despite this, repair tension increased with further anterior placement. Anterior placement of repairs results in more restorative contact mechanics than posterior placement; however, anterior placement also increased the risk of suture cut-out or failure following repairs. Anatomic placement of repairs remains the best option because of the risks involved with anterior placement; however, suture methods need to be improved to better restore the strength of repairs to that of the native insertion. Proper placement of repairs is important to consider with meniscal root repairs because misplacement may negatively affect cartilage and meniscus mechanics in patients.
Fontan‐Associated Liver Disease: Spectrum of Disease in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Rathgeber Steven L. , Guttman Orlee R. , Lee Anna F. , Voss Christine , Hemphill Nicole M. , Schreiber Richard A. , Harris Kevin C. 
Published: January 2020

Background

Information is evolving on liver disease in pediatric patients with Fontan physiology. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the spectrum of liver disease in a pediatric population of patients with Fontan physiology and evaluate transient elastography (
TE
) as a noninvasive marker of liver disease.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled all children with Fontan physiology. All patients underwent comprehensive liver evaluation including liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase), aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index, albumin, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, complete blood cell count, abdominal ultrasound, and
TE
. Transjugular liver biopsies and hemodynamic measurements were performed in a subset of patients. A total of 76 children (median, 11.7; interquartile range, 8.4–14.8 [56% male]) were evaluated, with 17 having a transjugular liver biopsy (median 14.8 years; interquartile range, 14.3–17.4). All biopsies showed pathological changes. The severity of liver pathology did not correlate with
TE
. There was a positive correlation between
TE
and time since Fontan (
R
=0.42,
P
<0.01), aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (
R
=0.29,
P
=0.02), aspartate transaminase (
R
=−0.42,
P
<0.01), and platelets (
R
=−0.42,
P
<0.01). Splenomegaly on abdominal ultrasound was correlated with
TE
(
z
=−2.2,
P
=0.03), low platelet count (
z
=1.9,
P
=0.05), low aspartate transaminase (
z
=1.9,
P
=0.02), and low alkaline phosphatase (
z
=2.4,
P
=0.02).

Conclusions

Liver disease was ubiquitous in our cohort of pediatric patients with Fontan Physiology. Given the correlation between
TE
and time from Fontan,
TE
shows potential as a prospective marker of liver pathology. However, individual measurements with
TE
do not correlate with the severity of pathology. Given the prevalence of liver disease in this population, protective measures of liver health as well as routine liver health surveillance should be implemented with consideration for hepatology consultation and biopsy in the event of abnormal liver biochemical markers or imaging.
Dissociation of Cerebral Blood Flow and Femoral Artery Blood Pressure Pulsatility After Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation in a Rodent Model: Implications for Neurological Recovery
Authors: Crouzet Christian , Wilson Robert H. , Lee Donald , Bazrafkan Afsheen , Tromberg Bruce J. , Akbari Yama , Choi Bernard 
Published: January 2020

Background

Impaired neurological function affects 85% to 90% of cardiac arrest (
CA
) survivors. Pulsatile blood flow may play an important role in neurological recovery after
CA
. Cerebral blood flow (
CBF
) pulsatility immediately, during, and after
CA
and resuscitation has not been investigated. We characterized the effects of asphyxial
CA
on short‐term (<2 hours after
CA
)
CBF
and femoral arterial blood pressure (
ABP
) pulsatility and studied their relationship to cerebrovascular resistance (
CVR
) and short‐term neuroelectrical recovery.

Methods and Results

Male rats underwent asphyxial
CA
followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A multimodal platform combining laser speckle imaging,
ABP
, and electroencephalography to monitor
CBF
, peripheral blood pressure, and brain electrophysiology, respectively, was used.
CBF
and
ABP
pulsatility and
CVR
were assessed during baseline,
CA
, and multiple time points after resuscitation. Neuroelectrical recovery, a surrogate for neurological outcome, was assessed using quantitative electroencephalography 90 minutes after resuscitation. We found that
CBF
pulsatility differs significantly from baseline at all experimental time points with sustained deficits during the 2 hours of postresuscitation monitoring, whereas
ABP
pulsatility was relatively unaffected. Alterations in
CBF
pulsatility were inversely correlated with changes in
CVR
, but
ABP
pulsatility had no association to
CVR
. Interestingly, despite small changes in
ABP
pulsatility, higher
ABP
pulsatility was associated with worse neuroelectrical recovery, whereas
CBF
pulsatility had no association.

Conclusions

Our results reveal, for the first time, that
CBF
pulsatility and
CVR
are significantly altered in the short‐term postresuscitation period after
CA
. Nevertheless, higher
ABP
pulsatility appears to be inversely associated with neuroelectrical recovery, possibly caused by impaired cerebral autoregulation and/or more severe global cerebral ischemia.