bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐dimensional sparse recovery using modified generalised SL0 and its application in 3D ISAR imaging
Authors: Nazari Milad , Mehrpooya Ali , Bastani Muhammad Hassan , Nayebi Mehdi , Abbasi Zahra 
Published: May 2020

Sparse representation can be extended to high dimensions and can be used in many applications, including three‐dimensional (3D) Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. In this study, the high‐dimensional sparse representation problem and a recovery method called high‐dimensional smoothed least zero‐norm (HDSL0) are formulated. In this method, the theory and computation of tensors and approximating L0 norm using Gaussian functions are used for sparse recovery of high‐dimensional data. To enhance the performance of HDSL0, modified regularised high‐dimensional SL0 (MRe‐HDSL0) algorithm, which benefits from the regularised form of SL0 and an additional hard thresholding step, is proposed. According to the numerical simulations, the recovery signal to noise ratio for MRe‐HDSL0 compared to HDSL0, under the same experimental conditions, is 10, 9, and 8 dB higher in 1D, 2D, and 3D cases, respectively. The proposed algorithm also maintains the benefits of high speed and low computational cost of SL0. Besides, the formulation of compressed sensing‐based 3D ISAR imaging is expressed. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to reconstruct 3D ISAR images of two synthetic targets, which are created based on the scattering point model. Based on the achieved results, the quality of reconstructed images using MRe‐HDSL0 is better than other simulated methods.
A Lyαnebula atz ∼ 3.3
Authors: Hibon P. , Tang F. , Thomas R. 
Published: May 2020

Context.Searching for high-redshift galaxies is a field of intense activity in modern observational cosmology that will continue to grow with future ground-based and sky observatories. Over the last few years, a lot has been learned about the high-zUniverse.Aims.Despite extensive Lyαblobs (LAB) surveys from low to high redshifts, giant LABs over 100 kpc have been found mostly atz ∼ 2–4. This redshift range is coincident with the transition epoch of galactic gas-circulation processes from inflows to outflows atz ∼ 2.5–3. This suggests that the formation of giant LABs may be related to a combination of gas inflows and outflows. Their extreme youth makes them interesting objects in the study of galaxy formation as they provide insight into some of the youngest known highly star forming galaxies, with only modest time investments using ground-based telescopes.Methods.Systematic narrow-band Lyαnebula surveys are ongoing, but they are limited in their covered redshift range and their comoving volume. This poses a significant problem when searching for such rare sources. To address this problem, we developed a systematic searching tool, ATACAMA (A Tool for seArChing for lArge LyMan Alpha nebulae) designed to find large Lyαnebulae at any redshift within deep multi-wavelength broad-band imaging.Results.We identified a Lyαnebula candidate atzphot ∼ 3.3 covering an isophotal area of 29.4arcsec2. Its morphology shows a bright core and a faint core which coincides with the morphology of previously known Lyαblobs. A first estimation of the Lyαequivalent width and line flux agree with the values from the study led by several groups.
The nature of the companion in the Wolf-Rayet system EZ Canis Majoris
Authors: Koenigsberger G. , Schmutz W. 
Published: May 2020

Context. EZ Canis Majoris is a classical Wolf-Rayet star whose binary nature has been debated for decades. It was recently modeled as an eccentric binary with a periodic brightening at periastron of the emission originating in a shock heated zone near the companion.
Aims. The focus of this paper is to further test the binary model and to constrain the nature of the unseen close companion by searching for emission arising in the shock-heated region.
Methods. We analyze over 400 high resolution International Ultraviolet Explorer spectra obtained between 1983 and 1995 and XMM-Newton observations obtained in 2010. The light curve and radial velocity (RV) variations were fit with the eccentric binary model and the orbital elements were constrained.
Results. We find RV variations in the primary emission lines with a semi-amplitude K1 ∼ 30 km s−1 in 1992 and 1995, and a second set of emissions with an anti-phase RV curve with K2 ∼ 150 km s−1. The simultaneous model fit to the RVs and the light curve yields the orbital elements for each epoch. Adopting a Wolf-Rayet mass M1 ∼ 20 M⊙ leads to M2 ∼ 3−5 M⊙, which implies that the companion could be a late B-type star. The eccentric (e = 0.1) binary model also explains the hard X-ray light curve obtained by XMM-Newton and the fit to these data indicates that the duration of maximum is shorter than the typical exposure times.
Conclusions: The anti-phase RV variations of two emission components and the simultaneous fit to the RVs and the light curve are concrete evidence in favor of the binary nature of EZ Canis Majoris. The assumption that the emission from the shock-heated region closely traces the orbit of the companion is less certain, although it is feasible because the companion is significantly heated by the WR radiation field and impacted by the WR wind.
Emicizumab Improves Ex Vivo Clotting Function in Patients with Mild/Moderate Hemophilia A
Authors: Nakajima Yuto , Nogami Keiji , Yada Koji , Furukawa Shoko , Noguchi-Sasaki Mariko , Hirata Michinori , Shima Midori 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Emicizumab prophylaxis is a promising treatment that reduces bleeding events in severely affected patients with hemophilia A (PwHA). It is anticipated that emicizumab could be similarly effective in mild/moderate PwHA (PwMHA) although this effect has not been investigated.
Aim We evaluated ex vivo coagulant effects of emicizumabin PwMHA.
Methods Clot waveform analysis (CWA) triggered by prothrombin time/activated partial prothrombin time-mixed reagents was utilized to examine coagulant effects of emicizumabin factor (F)VIII-deficient plasma mixed with recombinant (r)FVIIIand in native plasmas from 16 PwMHA. The CWA parameter, adjusted-|min1| (Ad|min1|), was used. Increases in Ad|min1| (ΔAd|min1|) mediated by emicizumab were calculated from the slopes of regression lines in the presence of rFVIII.
Results Ad|min1| in FVIII-deficient plasma with various concentrations of rFVIII negatively correlated with ΔAd|min1|by adding emicizumab, and these data were defined as standard reference values. Ad|min1| (4.57 ± 0.50) in 16 PwMHA increased to 5.05 ± 0.54 and 5.37 ± 0.60 by adding emicizumab at 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively, but remained lower than the normal range (7.22 ± 0.21). ΔAd|min1| levels were 1.5 to 2-fold higher in five cases and 0.4 to 0.6-fold lower in four cases, compared with reference values determined by rFVIII. In some cases, genetic analyses suggested that specific point mutations could have contributed to these findings. Further studies using rFVIII mutants indicated, however, that the differences in ΔAd|min1| were not related to individual FVIII gene defects.
Conclusion Emicizumab enhances coagulation potential in PwMHA. Assessment of ex vivo coagulant activity of emicizumab could be helpful for predicting coagulant potentials prior to treatment in these patients.
The Dilemma of Hemispherectomy for Rasmussen's Encephalitis in a Neurologically Intact Child
Authors: Borlot Felippe , Yau Ivanna , Olivieri Heather , Ibrahim George M. , Snead III O. Carter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRasmussen's encephalitis is a rare drug-resistant focal epilepsy characterized by progressive hemiparesis, hemianopia, and cognitive decline. Hemispherectomy is currently the only known treatment that can be curative, though expected to cause postoperative motor and visual deficits in children and adolescents. To date, medical treatment with antiseizure medications and immunosuppressive agents can only offer partial, delayed, or temporary alleviation of symptoms. Hence, patients and families are often faced with the difficult decision to consider the possibility of seizure freedom at the cost of incurring permanent deficits. Here, we discussed the unique ethical issues when faced with a cure that can cause harm, and also discussed a shared decision-making approach guided by informed consent, principles of autonomy, and patient-centered values.
Genetic Basis of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Kalra O.P. 
Published: May 2020

It is well known that all patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) do not develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several metabolic, hemodynamic and intracellular mechanisms have been proposed to play role in the pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). Clustering of patients with DN in certain ethnic groups and families suggests the role of genetic factors. We have studied various facets about genetic determinants which may influence the development of kidney disease in patients with T2DM.
We have found that Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) DD genotype conferred the maximum risk, whereas ACE II genotype seemed to confer protective role against development of diabetic and nondiabetic CKD. Further, we found that oxidative stress (OS) plays a significant role in the development of DN and that Glutathione S-transferase theta-1and/or Glutathione S-transferase Mu-1 null genotypes are associated with higher OS in patients with DN. In addition, we also found that increased levels of inflammatory mediators, i.e. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (uMCP-1) play a significant role in contributing to OS. We have shown that genetic polymorphism of NF-kB gene and TNF-α gene plays a role in determining serum level of various inflammatory markers and oxidant stress parameters. We found significant association of -429T/C and Gly82Ser Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) polymorphisms with the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications, respectively in T2DM subjects. Further, we have observed that AGE-mediated exacerbation of RAGE expression may play a role in pathogenesis of various vascular complications in T2DM.
To conclude, polymorphisms of various genes involved in renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), inflammatory, oxidant stress, cytoprotective and nitrous oxide pathways and enhanced RAGE mRNA expression may adversely influence final common pathway through oxidant stress mechanisms, and influence the levels of various cytokines and intracellular signaling mechanisms, thereby influencing the susceptibility of patients with diabetes mellitus for development of kidney disease and vascular complications.
Essential Skills in Postgraduate Medical Curriculum of Community Medicine
Authors: Kishore Jugal , Anand Tanu , Kumari Sneha 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Community-based education has been considered a suitable approach for health promotion and for requisite skill development regarding primary health care. In the current perspective, public health training and research, being two important aspects require immediate attention.

Objective:
To assess the skills of Postgraduate Students in the Department of Community Medicine in four Medical Colleges of Delhi.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 70 Postgraduate Medical Students of 4 Medical Colleges in Delhi. The data were collected through a self administered, pretested questionnaire containing items assessing socio-demographic profile and skills essential for Postgraduate Students of Community Medicine.

Results:
There were 58.6% male and 29% female students. A large proportion of participants were having age range between 25-29 years. Ability 'to resolve conflict among the nurse at Primary Health Centre (PHC)', 'generate community participation', 'making thick and thin smear in case of fever', 'making a chart showing month-wise distribution of CuT', and 'calculating Chi-square of data', were found to significantly higher in 2nd and 3rd year PG students than first year PG students (p<0.01). Only 27.1% of students felt that they could test water sample for microbiological aspects while only 47.1% said that they could examine an industrial worker for pre-placement examination.

Conclusions:
PG students assessed themselves to possess necessary skills on communication, counselling and health education. However, many students lacked skills pertaining to occupational health and epidemiology.
Epidemiological Correlates and Treatment Outcomes among Patients with MDR Tuberculosis in Northern India
Authors: Singh Anjana , Prakash Ved , Ravi Kant 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Multi drug resistant-TB (MDR-TB) threatens global TB control and is a major public health concern in several countries. The present study was undertaken to detect the epidemiological correlates and treatment outcomes among patients with MDR-TB previously or currently admitted in Department of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, KGMU, Lucknow.

Material & Methods:
This retrospective study included 2370 TB patients admitted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, KGMU, Lucknow between years 2012 to 2015. Treatment outcomes were observed. SPSS software was used for data analysis.

Results:
The total number of MDR-TB cases enrolled were 2370. There were 772 (32.6%) males (95% CI: 30.7 % -34.5%) and 1598 (67.4%) females (95% CI: 65.5% -69.3%) registered for MDR-TB treatment. The treatment outcomes were as follows: majority (77.1%) were under treatment, 279 (11.8%) patients were declared cured, 10 (0.4%) were failure cases, while 64 (2.7%) were defaulters, 149 (6.3%) had died and 41(1.7%) were transferred out.

Conclusion:
Emergence of MDR-TB has the potential to be a serious public health problem in Northern India and this necessitates strengthening of TB control and improved continuous monitoring of therapy.
Trans-nasal Trans-sphenoidal Endoscopic Hypophysectomy
Authors: Varshney Saurabh 
Published: May 2020

Advances in optics, miniaturization, and endoscopic instrumentation have revolutionized surgery in the past decades. Current progress in the field of endoscopy promises to further this evolution: endoscopic telescopes and instruments have improved upon the optical and technical limitations of the microscope, and require an even less invasive approach to the sella. The minimally invasive endoscopic pituitary surgery is performed through the natural nasal pathway without any incisions and is performed via Trans-nasal Trans-sphenoidal approach. Pituitary surgery is traditionally within the realm of the neurosurgeon. However, since the introduction of the endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach to the sella turcica for resection of pituitary adenoma, otolaryngologists have been active partners in the surgical management of these patients. Otolaryngologists have lent their expertise in nasal and sinus surgery, assisting the neurosurgeon with the operation. The otolaryngologist has the advantage of familiarity with the techniques and instruments used to gain exposure of the sella turcica by transnasal approach. Hence, the otolaryngologist provides the exposure, and the neurosurgeon resects the tumour. Such collaboration has resulted in decreased rates of complication and morbidity.
We hereby discuss our experience of treating 72 cases of pituitary tumour by endoscopic trans-nasal trans-sphenoidal approach. In our study, conducted from 2005 to 2016, the mean age of patients was 32.5 years (18-56 years), Male and female ratio was 1.3:1.0, MRI was done in all the cases, CT scan was done in 94.44 % cases, 9.72% cases had Intra op./ Post op. complications which were managed successfully. Subtotal resection could be done in 6.94% cases, recurrence was seen in 7.46% cases and lumbar drain was required in 4.17 % cases. Average hospital stay was 4.4 days and average surgery time was 120 minutes. Close follow-up was maintained for an average period of 09 months. In our experience of 10 years, adopting the endoscope heightens the surgeons' visualization of pituitary tumors, thus no external incision, no nasal packing and minimal stay with minimal complications. Endoscopic transsphenoidal approach is the less traumatic route to the sella turcica, avoiding brain retraction, and also permitting good visualization, with lower rates of morbidity and mortality.
Category extension as a variety of loose use
Authors: Wałaszewska Ewa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The chapter focuses on category extension, typically illustrated by the use of salient brand names such as
Hoover for any vacuum cleaner, and seeks to provide a comprehensive discussion of this
relevance-theoretic notion. Category extension is regarded as part of the continuum of loose uses, along with
approximation, hyperbole and metaphor, but, compared with the other varieties, it has not been given due attention.
The chapter seeks to clarify the theoretical status of category extension, by discussing its relation to the other
varieties of loose use and by analysing different cases of the phenomenon falling into two groups: limited and
creative category extensions. The chapter also shows how concepts such as lexical warfare, paragons, snowclones,
schemata and pragmatic routines may improve the understanding of category extension.
Evidential participles and epistemic vigilance
Authors: Padilla Cruz Manuel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
For communicated contents to be accepted by the audience, they have to pass the filters of epistemic
vigilance mechanisms, which check the credibility and reliability of communicators and the information provided.
Communicators may lack adequate evidence about the information they dispense. One of the ways to indicate to the
audience that they are uncertain about some information (rather than to put their reputation as reliable speakers at
risk) is to use participial adjectives, such as alleged or suspected. The chapter discusses the features of such
adjectives and argues that they specialise for marking the speaker’s epistemic stance towards the information
communicated – a function they share with other evidentials. Unlike many other expressions denoting epistemic stance,
however, they appear to be confined in their scope to the noun phrase in which they occur.
Tropes of ill repute
Authors: Solska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Puns, a form of figurative language exploiting ambiguity in its many guises, tend to be regarded as
a trope of lesser value. The present article explores this tainted reputation of puns in the light of the
relevance-theoretic model of utterance interpretation and attributes it to the fact that like no other figure
of speech they often thwart our expectations of relevance. Moreover, many of them do so boldly, conspicuously,
thus making us particularly likely to take note of the emotional reactions we experience and to articulate
them. The article identifies six ways in which puns may go against our expectations about verbal inputs and
attempts to specify the possible negative consequences this may have for our perception of puns.
Word order variation in heritage languages
Authors: Anderssen Merete , Westergaard Marit 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study investigates two word order phenomena in Norwegian heritage language spoken in the US, subject shift (SS) and object shift (OS). SS and OS occur in syntactic environments where (pronominal) subjects and objects may either precede or follow negation. This paper explores to what extent these two phenomena in Heritage Norwegian are affected by the factors frequency and structural similarity/difference. As subjects are frequently shifted, while objects are not, SS is expected to be robust and OS vulnerable. There is generally no structural overlap between English and Norwegian in these cases; thus, cross-linguistic similarity or difference should not play a role, except in one context: questions with auxiliaries or be, in which the two languages allow both orders (is he not/isn’t he
), but have opposite preferences. The results show that OS is somewhat vulnerable, but SS is also affected, in that both proficient and less proficient speakers seem to overuse the word order preferred in English. We thus speculate that all heritage speakers may be affected by cross-linguistic influence in situations with complete structural overlap.
High sensitivity to conceptual cues in Turkish heritage speakers with dominant German L2
Authors: Krause Elif 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study investigates semantics-morphosyntax and pragmatics-morphosyntax interfaces in separate experiments, yet examining the same structure, namely the optional verb number marking in Turkish. We tested a group of bilingual heritage speakers of Turkish, whose dominant language is German. Optional use of the overt verb number marking in Turkish interacts with semantic and pragmatic properties of the plural subject of the sentence. The interaction of optional verb number marking with these properties is tested separately in two different experiments, using the Magnitude Estimation technique. The results showed that the bilingual speakers treat both interface types differently from the monolingual speakers. More precisely, the bilingual speakers make finer distinctions regarding the semantic and pragmatic notions that were put into test. This sensitivity results in a semantically and pragmatically constrained pattern, which is in line with both language-specific descriptions and cross-linguistic tendencies. This outcome is taken to suggest that the nonconvergence in the bilingual data stems from a high sensitivity to the semantic and pragmatic properties that constrain the use of the morphosyntactic structure under investigation. The research results are further evaluated from a processing based linguistic framework, namely Modular Online Growth and Use of Language (MOGUL).
Monitoring of rivaroxaban levels in patients with class III obesity
Authors: Pahlmeyer Laura , Huang James 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
There is little evidence to guide the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with class III obesity. Clinicians face the dilemma that using DOACs in patients with class III obesity may not provide adequate anticoagulation, while avoiding DOACs may deprive them of a useful therapeutic option. We present 2 cases describing our experience navigating rivaroxaban use in patients with class III obesity and review available case reports of measurement of rivaroxaban levels using a calibrated anti–factor Xa assay.

Summary
In patient case 1, the rivaroxaban trough level was within the reference range, and therapy was continued. In patient case 2, the rivaroxaban trough level was below the reference range, and the patient’s anticoagulation therapy was switched to warfarin. No thromboembolic events were noted in the 2 patients more than 1 year (15 and 22 months, respectively) after initiation of anticoagulation therapy. Because of the many advantages associated with use of DOACs instead of vitamin K antagonists, further research is critical to enabling clinicians to use DOACs more confidently in a broader population.

Conclusion
When monitoring rivaroxaban therapy in patients with class III obesity, there is uncertainty regarding clinical interpretation of drug levels that fall outside of established reference ranges, and monitoring is not standardized or widely available. In addition to case reports found in the literature, the presented cases highlight these challenges and differing clinical decisions made when evaluating rivaroxaban levels in patients with class III obesity.