bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoassembly of Oligopeptides and DNA Mimics the Sequential Disassembly of a Spherical Virus
Authors: Ni Rong , Chau Ying 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProtein subunits of a low aspect ratio (width over length) with stimuli‐responsiveness are hallmark building blocks of spherical viruses. The interaction of these repeating subunits enables hierarchical assembly for genome packaging and sequential disassembly for optimal genome release. Here, we mimicked these features and constructed a functional spherical artificial virus. The rationally designed 22‐amino acid peptide containing pH‐sensitive histidines and aromatic residues self‐assembled into homogenous nanodiscs of a low aspect ratio (≈7×7×4 nm). In the presence of DNA, the inter‐nanodisc interactions drove the formation of a viral capsid‐like structure enclosing DNA in the interior. This artificial virus roughly 50 nm in diameter underwent partial disassembly in response to acidic pH. The resulting intermediate with lowered DNA‐binding affinity continued to protect DNA from nuclease digestion. Such nanostructures, which mimic the intricate morphology and the intracellular transformation of spherical viruses, can be useful for constructing synthetic gene delivery vehicles, as evidenced by their efficient transgene expression.
It's in the Fine Print: Erasable Three‐Dimensional Laser‐Printed Micro‐ and Nanostructures
Authors: Gräfe David , Walden Sarah L. , Blinco James , Wegener Martin , Blasco Eva , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract3D printing, on all scales, is currently a vibrant topic in scientific and industrial research as it has enormous potential to radically change manufacturing. Owing to the inherent nature of the manufacturing process, 3D printed structures may require additional material to structurally support complex features. Such support material must be removed after printing—sometimes termed subtractive manufacturing—without adversely affecting the remaining structure. An elegant solution is the use of photoresists containing labile bonds that allow for controlled cleavage with specific triggers. Herein, we explore state‐of‐the‐art cleavable photoresists for 3D direct laser writing, as well as their potential to combine additive and subtractive manufacturing in a hybrid technology. We discuss photoresist design, feature resolution, cleavage properties, and current limitations of selected examples. Furthermore, we share our perspective on possible labile bonds, and their corresponding cleavage trigger, which we believe will have a critical impact on future applications and expand the toolbox of available cleavable photoresists.
Adaptive predictive path following control based on least squares support vector machines for underactuated autonomous vessels
Authors: Liu Chenguang , Zheng Huarong , Negenborn Rudy , Chu Xiumin , Xie Shuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince vessel dynamics could vary during maneuvering because of load changes, speed changing, environmental disturbances, aging of mechanism, etc., the performance of model‐based path following control may be degraded if the controller uses the same motion model all the time. This article proposes an adaptive path following control method based on least squares support vector machines (LS‐SVM) to deal with parameter changes of the motion model. The path following controller consists of two components: the online identification of varying parameters and model predictive control (MPC) using the adaptively identified models. For the online parameter identification, an improved online LS‐SVM identification method is proposed based on weighted LS‐SVM. Specifically, the objective function of LS‐SVM is modified to decrease the errors of parameter estimation, an index is proposed to detect the possible model changes, which speeds up the rate of parameter convergence, and the sliding data window strategy is used to realize the online identification. MPC is combined with the line‐of‐sight guidance to track straight line reference paths. Finally, case studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed path following adaptive controller. Typical parameter varying scenarios, such as rudder aging, current variations and changes of the maneuverability are considered. Simulation results show that the proposed method can handle the above situations effectively.
Synthesis and characterization of luminescent SiO2@Eu(phen–Si) core–shell nanospheres
Authors: Li Wen‐Xian , Zheng Yu‐Shan , Zhang Hong‐Bo , Bao Jin‐Rong , Li Yi‐Lian , Ma Yang‐Yang , Feng Li‐Na , Feng Shu‐Yan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFour core–shell structured nanometre luminescent composites with different kernel sizes and different shell layer thicknesses (SiO2(500)@Eu (phen–Si)(50), SiO2(500)@Eu (phen–Si)(15), SiO2(250)@Eu (phen–Si)(5) and SiO2(250)@Eu (phen–Si)(10)) were made by changing synthesis conditions. Here, initial subscript numbers in parentheses refer to the particle size of the SiO2 core, whereas the final subscript numbers in parentheses refer to shell layer thickness. In these composites, silica spheres of 500 nm or 250 nm were identified as the core. The shell layer was composited of silicon, 1,10‐phenanthroline and europium perchlorate, abbreviated as Eu(phen–Si); the chemical formula of phen–Si was phen‐N‐(CONH (CH2)Si(OCH2CH3)3)2. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and infrared spectroscopy. The monodispersed spherical SiO2 showed characteristics of a regular microstructure and a smooth surface, as well as the advantage of dispersity, shown by SEM. The Eu(phen–Si) complex was able to self‐assemble into monodispersed SiO2 spheres, as seen using TEM.Fluorescence spectra indicated that the four composites had excellent luminescence properties. Furthermore, composites composed of a SiO2 core and a 250 nm kernel size exhibited stronger fluorescence than 500 nm kernel‐sized composites. Fluorescence properties were affected by shell thickness: the thicker the shell, the greater the fluorescence intensity. For the four composites, quantum yield values and fluorescence lifetime corresponded to fluorescence emission intensity data as quantum yield values and fluorescence lifetime were higher, and luminescence properties increased.
A review of bioanalytical methods for chronic lymphocytic leukemia drugs and metabolites in biological matrices
Authors: P S Suresh , Trivedi Ravi Kumar , Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuantitation of drugs used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in various biological matrices during both pre‐clinical and clinical developments is very important, often in routine therapeutic drug monitoring. The first developed methods for quantitation were traditionally done on LC in combination with either UV or fluorescence detection. However, the emergence of LC with mass spectrometry in tandem in early 1990s has revolutionized the quantitation as it has provided better sensitivity and selectivity within a shorter run time; therefore it has become the choice of method for the analysis of various drugs. In this article, an overview of various bioanalytical methods (HPLC or LC–MS/MS) for the quantification of drugs for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, along with applicability of these methods, is given.
Adult‐onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease presenting with typical MRI changes
Authors: Han Xinsheng , Han Miao , Liu Ning , Xu Jianke , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yun , Hong Daojun , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to analyze the clinical, imaging, electrophysiological, and dermatopathological features of a patient with adult‐onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) and to explore the diagnostic methods of adult‐onset NIID.Case presentationWe here report a 63‐year‐old male with recurrent acute encephalopathy syndrome and autonomic nervous system damage syndrome characterized by sexual dysfunction and urinary and fecal dysfunction. Cranial diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) demonstrated symmetrically distributed strip‐shaped high‐intensity signal in bilateral fronto‐occipital‐parietal cortical‐medullary junction. Electrophysiological test revealed that the main site of injury was myelin sheath in both motor and sensory nerves. Skin biopsy revealed eosinophilic spherical inclusion bodies in the nucleus of sweat gland epithelial cells.ConclusionThis case suggests that adult NIID is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with high clinical heterogeneity. Subcortical strip‐shaped high‐intensity signal on DWI has high diagnostic significance. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies detected by skin biopsy contribute to diagnosis.
Selective microstructural integrity impairments of the anterior corpus callosum are associated with cognitive deficits in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Zhang Biao , Zhu Dao‐min , Zhao Wenming , Zhang Yu , Yang Ying , Zhang Cun , Zhu Jiajia , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is some evidence that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients have white matter integrity abnormality in the corpus callosum (CC). However, whether the CC subregions are differentially affected in OSA is largely unknown.MethodsTwenty patients with OSA and 24 well‐matched healthy controls were enrolled and underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and clinical and cognitive assessments. DTI tractography was used to reconstruct the CC which was divided into five subregions. Intergroup differences in multiple diffusion metrics of each CC subregion and their correlations with clinical and cognitive parameters were tested.ResultsIn comparison with healthy controls, OSA patients exhibited white matter integrity alterations in the anterior CC, characterized by increased radial diffusivity (RD) in the subregion 1 and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) along with increased mean diffusivity (MD) and RD in the subregion 2. Moreover, we found that the lower microstructural integrity in the anterior CC was correlated with worse prospective memory and sustained attention in OSA patients.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the selective impairments of the anterior CC may help clarify the neural correlates of cognitive impairments in OSA.
Whole‐brain radiotherapy plus sequential or simultaneous integrated boost for the treatment of a limited number of brain metastases in non‐small cell lung cancer: A single‐institution study
Authors: Qing Dong , Zhao Bin , Zhou Yi‐Chen , Zhu Hong‐Lei , Ma Dai‐Yuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the survival outcomes and neurocognitive dysfunction in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BM ≤10) treated by whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with sequential integrated boost (SEB) or simultaneous integrated boost (SIB).MaterialsFifty‐two NSCLC patients with a limited number of BMs were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty cases received WBRT+SEB (WBRT: 3 Gy*10 fractions and BMs: 4 Gy*3 fractions; SEB group), and 32 cases received WBRT+SIB (WBRT: 3 Gy*10 fractions and BMs: 4 Gy*10 fractions; SIB group). The survival and mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) scores were compared between the groups.ResultsThe cumulative 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival rates in the SEB vs SIB groups were 60.0% vs 47.8%, 41.1% vs 19.1%, and 27.4% vs 0%, respectively. The median survival times in the SEB and SIB groups were 15 and 10 months, respectively. The difference in survival rate was significant (P = .046). Subgroup analysis revealed that 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival rates and median survival time in the SEB group were significantly superior to those of the SIB group, especially for male patients (age <60 years) with 1‐2 BMs (P < .05). The MMSE score of the SEB group at 3 months after radiation was higher than that of the SIB group (P < .05). Nevertheless, WBRT+SEB required a longer treatment time and greater cost (P < .005).ConclusionsWBRT + SEB results in better survival outcomes than WBRT+SIB, especially for male patients (age <60 years) with 1‐2 BMs. WBRT+SEB also appeared to induce less neurocognitive impairment than WBRT+SIB.
In Yarrowia lipolytica erythritol catabolism ends with erythrose phosphate
Authors: Niang Papa Makhona , Arguelles‐Arias Anthony , Steels Sebastien , Denies Olivia , Nicaud Jean‐Marc , Fickers Patrick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn response to osmotic stress, the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica produces erythritol, a four‐carbon sugar alcohol, from erythrose‐P, an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. Under non‐stressing conditions (isotonic environment), the produced erythritol is subsequently recycled into erythrose‐P that can feed the pentose phosphate pathway. Herein, gene YALI0F01584g was characterized as involved in the erythritol catabolic pathway. Several experimental evidences suggested that it encodes an erythrulose‐1P isomerase that converts erythrulose‐1P into erythrulose‐4P. On the basis of our previous reports and results gathered in this study with genetically modified strains, including ΔYALI0F01584g and ΔYALI0F01628g disrupted mutants, the entire erythritol catabolic pathway has been characterized.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and the Catalytic Properties of Their Carbon Materials
Authors: Xiao Yuchen , Hong Anh N. , Hu Dandan , Wang Yanxiang , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractZeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are traditionally synthesized solvothermally by using cost‐ and waste‐incurring organic solvents. Here, a direct synthesis method is reported for ZIF‐8, ZIF‐67, and their heterometallic versions from solid precursors only. This solvent‐free crystallization method not only completely avoids organic solvents, but also provides an effective path for the synthesis of homogeneous mixed‐metal ZIFs. Furthermore, under templating by NaCl/ZnCl2 eutectic salt, carbonization of the ZIF materials gives rise to a series of N‐containing high‐surface‐area carbon materials with impressive catalytic properties for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Synthesis of Highly Fluorinated Arene Complexes of [Rh(Chelating Phosphine)]+ Cations, and their use in Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: McKay Alasdair I. , Barwick‐Silk James , Savage Max , Willis Michael C. , Weller Andrew S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of rhodium complexes with weakly binding highly fluorinated benzene ligands is described: 1,2,3‐F3C6H3, 1,2,3,4‐F4C6H2 and 1,2,3,4,5‐F5C6H are shown to bind with cationic [Rh(Cy2P(CH2)xPCy2)]+ fragments (x=1, 2). Their structures and reactivity with alkenes, and use in catalysis for promoting the Tishchenko reaction of a simple aldehyde, are demonstrated. Key to the synthesis of these complexes is the highly concentrated reaction conditions and use of the [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]− anion.
3D Carbon Foam Supported Edge‐Rich N‐Doped MoS2 Nanoflakes for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jia Xueying , Ren Hongyuan , Hu Hanbin , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most promising alternatives to the Pt‐based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, its performance is currently limited by insufficient active edge sites and poor electron transport. Hence, enormous efforts have been devoted to constructing more active edge sites and improving conductivity to obtain enhanced electrocatalytic performance. Herein, the 3D carbon foam (denoted as CF) supported edge‐rich N‐doped MoS2 nanoflakes were successfully fabricated by using the commercially available polyurethane foam (PU) as the 3D substrate and PMo12O403− clusters (denoted as PMo12) as the Mo source through redox polymerization, followed by sulfurization. Owing to the uniform distribution of nanoscale Mo sources and 3D carbon foam substrate, the as‐prepared MoS2‐CF composite possessed well‐exposed active edge sites and enhanced electrical conductivity. Systematic investigation demonstrated that the MoS2‐CF composite showed high HER performance with a low overpotential of 92 mV in 1.0 m KOH and 155 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. This work offers a new pathway for the rational design of MoS2‐based HER electrocatalysts.
Chemical Reactions of Cationic Metallofullerenes: An Alternative Route for Exohedral Functionalization
Authors: Hu Yajing , Solé‐Daura Albert , Yao Yang‐Rong , Liu Xuechen , Liu Sijie , Yu Ao , Peng Ping , Poblet Josep M. , Rodríguez‐Fortea Antonio , Echegoyen Luis , Li Fang‐Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe chemistry of cationic forms of clusterfullerenes remain less explored than that of the corresponding neutral or anionic species. In the present work, M3N@Ih‐C80(M=Sc or Lu) cations were generated by both electrochemical and chemical oxidation methods. The as‐obtained cations successfully underwent the typical Bingel–Hirsch reaction that fails with neutral Sc3N@Ih‐C80. Two isomeric Sc3N@Ih‐C80cation derivatives, [5,6]‐open and [6,6]‐open adducts, were synthesized, and the former has never been prepared by means of a Bingel–Hirsch reaction with neutral clusterfullerenes. In the case of the Lu3N@Ih‐C80cation, however, only a [6,6]‐open adduct was obtained. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the oxidized M3N@Ih‐C80was much more reactive than the neutral compound upon addition of the diethyl bromomalonate anion. The Bingel–Hirsch reaction of M3N@Ih‐C80cations occurred by means of an unusual outer‐sphere single‐electron transfer (SET) process from the diethyl bromomalonate anion to the stable intermediate [M3N@C80(C2H5COO)2CBr].. Remarkably, the diethyl bromomalonate anion was found to act as both a nucleophile and an electron donor.
Intercalation of a Heterocyclic Ligand between Quartets in a G‐Rich Tetrahelical Structure
Authors: Kotar Anita , Kocman Vojč , Plavec Janez 
Published: November 2019

AbstractYES G‐rich oligonucleotide VK2 folds into an AGCGA‐quadruplex tetrahelical structure distinct and significantly different from G‐quadruplexes, even though it contains four G3tracts. Herein, a bis‐quinolinium ligand 360A with high affinity for G‐quadruplex structures and selective telomerase inhibition is shown to strongly bind to VK2. Upon binding, 360A does not induce a conformational switch from VK2 to an expected G‐quadruplex. In contrast, NMR structural study revealed formation of a well‐defined VK2–360A complex with a 1:1 binding stoichiometry, in which 360A intercalates between GAGA‐ and GCGC‐quartets in the central cavity of VK2. This is the first high‐resolution structure of a G‐quadruplex ligand intercalating into a G‐rich tetrahelical fold. This unique mode of ligand binding into tetrahelical DNA architecture offers insights into the stabilization of an AGCGA‐quadruplex by a heterocyclic ligand and provides guidelines for rational design of novel VK2 binding molecules with selectivity for different DNA secondary structures.
Galactose‐Grafted 2D Nanosheets from the Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers for the Capture and Agglutination of Escherichia coli
Authors: Krishnan Nithiyanandan , Perumal Devanathan , Atchimnaidu Siriki , Harikrishnan Kaloor S. , Golla Murali , Kumar Nilima Manoj , Kalathil Jemshiya , Krishna Jithu , Vijayan Dileep K. , Varghese Reji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh aspect ratio, sugar‐decorated 2D nanosheets are ideal candidates for the capture and agglutination of bacteria. Herein, the design and synthesis of two carbohydrate‐based Janus amphiphiles that spontaneously self‐assemble into high aspect ratio 2D sheets are reported. The unique structural features of the sheets include the extremely high aspect ratio and dense display of galactose on the surface. These structural characteristics allow the sheet to act as a supramolecular 2D platform for the capture and agglutination of E. coli through specific multivalent noncovalent interactions, which significantly reduces the mobility of the bacteria and leads to the inhibition of their proliferation. Our results suggest that the design strategy demonstrated here can be applied as a general approach for the crafting of biomolecule‐decorated 2D nanosheets, which can perform as 2D platforms for their interaction with specific targets.
Economic complexity, product space network and Quebec's global competitiveness
Authors: Wang Yihan , Turkina Ekaterina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis exploratory study uncovers how the economic complexity of local production and global connectivity contribute to a subnational region's competitiveness and sustainable development. Addressing the knowledge generation and exchange processes orchestrated by global value chains, we demonstrate that the composition of a subnational region's product space network does not necessarily replicate the same configuration of the country‐level network. By applying social network analysis (SNA) techniques, we analyze the structural features of Quebec's product space network and compare the complexity indices of the province's advantageous sectors with those of Canada. Finally, we conclude with policy insights for sustainable development and suggest future research directions.
Proteomic Detection and Validation of Translated Small Open Reading Frames
Authors: Khitun Alexandra , Slavoff Sarah A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSmall open reading frames (smORFs) encode previously unannotated polypeptides or short proteins that regulate translation in cis (eukaryotes) and/or are independently functional (prokaryotes and eukaryotes). Ongoing efforts for complete annotation and functional characterization of smORF‐encoded proteins have yielded novel regulators and therapeutic targets. However, because they are excluded from protein databases, initiate at non‐AUG start codons, and produce few unique tryptic peptides, unannotated small proteins cannot be detected with standard proteomic methods. Here,, we outline a procedure for mass spectrometry‐based detection of translated smORFs in cultured human cells from protein extraction, digestion, and LC‐MS/MS, to database preparation and data analysis. Following proteomic detection, translation from a unique smORF may be validated via siRNA‐based silencing or overexpression and epitope tagging. This is necessary to unambiguously assign a peptide to a smORF within a specific transcript isoform or genomic locus. Provided that sufficient starting material is available, this workflow can be applied to any cell type/organism and adjusted to study specific (patho)physiological contexts including, but not limited to, development, stress, and disease. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Protein extraction, size selection, and trypsin digestionAlternate Protocol 1: In‐solution C8 column size selectionSupport Protocol 1: Chloroform/methanol precipitationSupport Protocol 2: Reduction, alkylation, and in‐solution protease digestionSupport Protocol 3: Peptide de‐saltingBasic Protocol 2: Two‐dimensional LC‐MS/MS with ERLIC fractionationBasic Protocol 3: Transcriptomic database constructionAlternate Protocol 2: Transcriptomics database generation with gffreadBasic Protocol 4: Non‐annotated peptide identification from LC‐MS/MS dataBasic Protocol 5: Validation using isotopically labeled synthetic peptide standards and siRNABasic Protocol 6: Transcript validation using transient overexpression