bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of inclusion criteria on the functional properties reported in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Mesa Natalia , Waters Jack , de Vries Saskia E. J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTNeurophysiology studies require the use of inclusion criteria to identify neurons responsive to the experimental stimuli. Five recent studies used calcium imaging to measure the preferred tuning properties of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse visual areas. These five studies employed different inclusion criteria and report different, sometimes conflicting results. Here, we examine how different inclusion criteria can impact reported tuning properties, modifying inclusion criteria to select different sub-populations from the same dataset of almost 10,000 layer 2/3 neurons from the Allen Brain Observatory. The choice of inclusion criteria greatly affected the mean tuning properties of the resulting sub-populations; indeed, the differences in mean tuning due to inclusion criteria were often of comparable magnitude to the differences between studies. In particular, the mean preferred temporal frequencies of visual areas changed markedly with inclusion criteria, such that the rank ordering of visual areas based on their temporal frequency preferences changed with the percentage of neurons included. It has been suggested that differences in temporal frequency tuning support a hierarchy of mouse visual areas. These results demonstrate that our understanding of the functional organization of the mouse visual cortex obtained from previous experiments critically depends on the inclusion criteria used.
Super Resolution Microscopy and Deep Learning Identify Zika Virus Reorganization of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Long Rory K. M. , Moriarty Kathleen P. , Cardoen Ben , Gao Guang , Vogl A. Wayne , Jean François , Hamarneh Ghassan , Nabi Ivan R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex subcellular organelle composed of diverse structures such as tubules, sheets and tubular matrices. Flaviviruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV) induce reorganization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes to facilitate viral replication. Here, using 3D super resolution microscopy, ZIKV infection is shown to induce the formation of dense tubular matrices associated with viral replication in the central ER. Viral non-structural proteins NS4B and NS2B associate with replication complexes within the ZIKV-induced tubular matrix and exhibit distinct ER distributions outside this central ER region. Deep neural networks trained to identify ZIKV-infected versus mock-infected cells successfully identified ZIKV-induced central ER tubular matrices as a determinant of viral infection. Super resolution microscopy and deep learning are therefore able to identify and localize morphological features of the ER and may be of use to screen for inhibitors of infection by ER-reorganizing viruses.
Feasibility study for the analysis of coconut water using fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with PARAFAC and SVM methods
Authors: Gu Haiyang , Liu Kaiqi , Huang Xingyi , Chen Quansheng , Sun Yanhui , Tan Chin Ping 
Published: May 2020

PurposeParallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) coupled with support-vector machine (SVM) was carried out to identify and discriminate between the fluorescence spectroscopies of coconut water brands.Design/methodology/approachPARAFAC was applied to reduce three-dimensional data of excitation emission matrix (EEM) to two-dimensional data. SVM was applied to discriminate between six commercial coconut water brands in this study. The three largest variation data from fluorescence spectroscopy were extracted using the PARAFAC method as the input data of SVM classifiers.FindingsThe discrimination results of the six commercial coconut water brands were achieved by three SVM methods (Ga-SVM, PSO-SVM and Grid-SVM). The best classification accuracies were 100.00%, 96.43% and 94.64% for the training set, test set and CV accuracy.Originality/valueThe above results indicate that fluorescence spectroscopy combined with PARAFAC and SVM methods proved to be a simple and rapid detection method for coconut water and perhaps other beverages.
A comment on the multifaceted relationship between multinational enterprises and within-country inequality
Authors: Narula Rajneesh , van der Straaten Khadija 
Published: May 2020

PurposeWhether by direct or indirect action (or by inaction), multinational enterprises (MNEs) can have both a positive and a negative effect on within-country social and economic inequality. This paper aims to comment on this multifaceted relationship between MNEs and within-country inequality.Design/methodology/approachGiven the absence of either robust theory or evidence in the neglected realm of MNEs and within-countries inequalities, this paper offers some general observations, highlights some of the key issues and illustrates possible avenues for future research studies.FindingsThe capacity of MNEs to upgrade economic activity in the host country is a key policy objective. MNEs have arguably contributed to reducing income inequalities between countries. However, the limited evidence available suggests that the gains of FDI are rarely evenly distributed within recipient countries, and many of the underlying dynamics need further investigation.Social implicationsThe authors broaden the engagement with inequality beyond income levels, as this is just one aspect of inequality that shapes or impedes human development. They believe it is necessary – for both MNEs and policymakers – to have a more nuanced understanding of how, and under what circumstances, the presence of MNEs affects inequality in host economies.Originality/valueThis paper relates the large literature on inequality (going beyond the mainstream focus on income inequality) to the mainstream understanding of MNE-assisted development.
Top-down reconstruction and the failure to “build back better” resilient communities after disaster: lessons from the 2009 L'Aquila Italy earthquake
Authors: Imperiale Angelo Jonas , Vanclay Frank 
Published: May 2020

PurposeWe consider what happened in the initial reconstruction interventions following the 6 April 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila (Italy). Using the disaster risk reduction and resilience paradigm, we discuss the cognitive and interactional failures of top-down approaches, and we analyse the main constraints to enacting inclusive social learning and socially-sustainable transformation and building back better more resilient communities in post-disaster reconstruction.Design/methodology/approachOur evidence comes from participant observation, action anthropology and analytic auto-ethnography conducted during the reconstruction phase following the L'Aquila earthquake. Findings were triangulated with document analysis, media analysis and retrospective interviewing conducted in 2013 and 2017.FindingsThe shift from civil defence to civil protection did not bring any advance in disaster management and development practice in terms of DRR and resilience. The militaristic command-and-control approach, which is still in vogue among civil protection systems, means that local political leaders become the civil protection authorities in a disaster area. As in the L'Aquila case, this exacerbates local social and environmental risks and impacts, inhibits local communities from learning and restricts them from participating in post-disaster interventions.Originality/valueMost previous commentary on disaster recovery and reconstruction following the L'Aquila earthquake has focussed on the top-down approach carried out by the national government and the Italian Department of Civil Protection (DCP). This paper is unique in that it sheds light on how the command-and-control approach was also implemented by local authority figures and on how this undermined building back better more resilient communities.
CNN-based minor fabric defects detection
Authors: Wen Zhijie , Zhao Qikun , Tong Lining 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a novel method for minor fabric defects detection.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a PETM-CNN algorithm. PETM-CNN is designed based on self-similar estimation algorithm and Convolutional Neural Network. The PE (Patches Extractor) algorithm extracts patches that are possible to be defective patches to preprocess the fabric image. Then a TM-CNN (Triplet Metric CNN) method is designed to predict labels of the patches and the final label of the image. The TM-CNN can perform better than normal CNN.FindingsThis algorithm is superior to other algorithms on the data set of fabric images with minor defects. The proposed method achieves accurate classification of fabric images whether it has minor defects or not. The experimental results show that the approach is effective.Originality/valueTraditional fabric defects detection is not effective as minor defects detection, so this paper develops a method of minor fabric images classification based on self-similar estimation and CNN. This paper offers the first investigation of minor fabric defects.
Conventional futures: derivatives in Islamic law of contract
Authors: Uddin Md Akther , Ahmad Abu Umar Faruq 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to compare and contrast the concept of conventional futures contract from the Islamic law of contract perspectives. The underlying theory and practice of Islamic finance is based on the principles of Islamic law of contract. Although the necessity of derivative instruments such as the case with futures contract is essential for developments in Islamic finance, the permissibility of using these instruments still remains a debatable issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses arguments for and against using derivative instruments as in futures, for example, in light with the Qur’an and Sunnah (the Prophet’s traditions), as well as the views of classical scholars, jurists and contemporary researchers. Arguments for and against are analysed systematically to derive a logical conclusion.FindingsThe study finds that majority scholars consider futures contracts as non-compliant with the Islamic law due to the fact that selling something that does not exist, deferment in the both counter values, gharar or ambiguity and excessive risk taking, pure speculation and sale of one debt for another.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses narrowly on conventional futures contract. Analysing other financial derivative contracts could be a future research endeavour.Practical implicationsThe study has so far found the verdict of impermissibility of conventional futures contract in its current form as has been argued by majority scholars in the premise that they do not comply with the Islamic law. Policymakers and industry practitioners need to take this opinion of majority scholars while developing new Islamic financial derivatives.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, the present research is the first attempt so far that explained the validity of conventional futures by analysing arguments of classical and contemporary jurists, scholars and researchers.
A critical analysis of organizational transformation – PSR
Authors: Naslund Dag , Wlliamson Steven 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Hunter Harrison, CEO of the railroad company CSX, died on December 16, 2017. Harrison, known as the railroad transformation guru, was a controversial person. While his transformations were applauded by investors, they were also subject to significant criticism. The author changes triggered service disruptions, customer complaints and federal scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the transformation at CSX and to develop a framework for the analysis of organizational transformation projects.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors critically analyze the transformation at CSX – known as precision scheduled railroading (PSR). The authors base the initial analysis on the Lean approach to organizational change the authors compare and contrast the two approaches and the authors highlight both positive and negative aspects. The empirical data was collected via two rounds of interviews with employees at CSX – the first informal, the second structured. The lack of academic articles dealing with PSR, the authors focused on the review on trade and newspaper articles.

Findings
First, while many transformations are conducted under the assumption that they will improve both effectiveness and efficiency, they are in reality often mainly efficiency improvement programs that can, in fact, hurt both effectiveness and employee morale. Second, the paper presents a framework for the analysis of transformation projects.

Research limitations/implications
The authors identify factors for analysis of transformation programs and the authors develop a framework, which structures significant change aspects into three categories, namely, purpose, process and people.

Practical implications
Organizations can use the framework to understand the requirements for successful transformation, to analyze if the chosen method matches the organizational strategy and to facilitate successful implementation in the companies.

Originality/value
This is the first research paper on PSR and the first paper contrasting PSR with other transformation methods.
Impact of process parameters of resistance spot welding on mechanical properties and micro hardness of stainless steel 304 weldments
Authors: Kumar Raman , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Goyal Rohit , Chauhan Piyush 
Published: May 2020

PurposeResistance spot welding (RSW) is an essential process in the automobile sector to join the components. The steel is the principal material utilized in car generation because of its high obstruction against erosion, toughness, ease of support and its recuperation potential. Due to this, it was planned to study the mechanical properties, hardness and microstructure characteristics of RSW of Stainless steel 304.Design/methodology/approachIn the present research, RSW of 304 stainless steel plates with 1 mm thickness and effect of current intensity, welding time, electrode pressure and holding time on nugget diameter, tensile strength microhardness and microstructure of the joints was investigated. The specimens were prepared according to the dimensions of 30 × 100 mm with 30 mm overlaps joint through the RSW machine. The tensile test of the specimen was carried out on a universal testing machine and microhardness of specimens measured using Vickers’s hardness tester. Taguchi L16 orthogonal array was used to scrutinize the significant parameters for each output.FindingsIt has been observed that the tensile strength of the specimen is affected by the current intensity and nugget diameter, and the weld time has a significant effect on the tensile strength. Microhardness is highly influenced by electrode pressure and holding time, as the increase in both these parameters resulted in the increase of microhardness. This is due to rapid cooling, which is done by the cooling water flowing through the copper electrodes.Originality/valueThis study was carried out using a copper electrode with a flat face with selected parameters and response factors. The study can be useful for researchers working on optimization of welding parameters on stainless steel.
Integration of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and IOTs in academia: a state-of-the-art review on the concept of Education 4.0 in Pakistan
Authors: Butt Rameen , Siddiqui Hammad , Soomro Raheel Ahmed , Asad Muhammad Mujtaba 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This era is the time for upskilling and producing workforce that is capable of effectively dealing with the day-by-day increasing demand of the industry. As the world is changing, its needs are changing in the same way and at the same speed. The world has become more digitized now. Moreover, we have a dramatic shift from Education 1.0 to Education 4.0 these days. The world now is practicing the internet of things, cloud storage, cyber-physical system and artificial intelligence. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that affect the level of motivation toward the integration and implication of Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 in the education system of Pakistan by considering the Government policies.

Design/methodology/approach
For analyzing these factors, 150 research articles were sought out, out of which 84 were chosen for reviewing purpose based on the authentication of and relevance to this study by considering the Pakistani context. All the research articles have been selected from reputed indexed journals from databases (Scopus and Web of Science).

Findings
The findings of this review suggest that many factors affect the motivation toward integration and implementation of IR 4.0. These factors mainly include human factors, intrinsic values and influencing factors. Moreover, there is no such framework that provides the base to Education 4.0 in Pakistan because the things exist but are not systematic. Educators are motivated, but there are no resources; policies are there, but there is no practice or implementation. Pakistan is lacking in the latest trends related to Education 4.0 and even has no experience because people are used to doing things manually, but technology is the need of this era. Furthermore, the findings of this study will be useful for developing a systematic plan or a framework of the integration and implication of IR 4.0 that ultimately gives rise to Education 4.0 in the education system of Pakistan.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, no other study has been conducted on this topic in Pakistan. Also, there is a very little work done on this topic anywhere else in the world. The world is still exploring the IR 4.0, and our topic is solemnly related to these resolutions. Thus, there is a very little amount of literature related to this study.
Ethical decision-making among professional accountants in Nigeria: the influence of ethical ideology, work sector, and types of professional membership
Authors: Oboh Collins Sankay , Ajibolade Solabomi Omobola , Otusanya Olatunde Julius 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of ethical ideological orientation (moral idealism and moral relativism), work sector and types of professional membership on the ethical decision-making (EDM) process of professional accountants in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The study obtained primary data from 329 professional accountants with the aid of a structured questionnaire containing four scenarios of ethical dilemmas. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression techniques.

Findings
The results revealed both idealistic and relativistic moral orientation among the accountants surveyed with a higher mean score (>4.0) recorded for moral idealism. Moral idealism was found to have a positive influence, while moral relativism a negative influence on the three stages (ethical recognition, ethical judgement and ethical intention) of EDM examined. Professional accountants with idealistic orientation showed a higher disposition towards making ethical decisions in situations involving ethical dilemmas than those tending towards relativistic orientation. The results also revealed that work sector (private or public) and types of professional membership play significant roles in predicting the EDM process of professional accountants in Nigeria.

Practical implications
The study provides empirical evidence that could be used to support educational and legislative efforts in enhancing the moral ideological orientation of professional accountants, which will, in turn, enhance their EDM processes. The findings could be used to enhance ethics instructions and training of current and prospective professional accountants in educational settings, especially in countries such as Nigeria where there is yet to be a discrete ethics course in the curriculum for accounting undergraduate degree programmes. Professional accounting bodies in Nigeria and other developing countries could use the evidence in this study to strengthen the ethics code for professional accountants.

Originality/value
The study is unique in focussing on professional accountants in developing countries using Nigeria to represent developing countries with high corruption profile and weak institutions and governments and, as such, it contributes to the scarce research output on accounting ethics in developing countries.
Ecotourism development challenges and opportunities in Wondo Genet and its environs, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wondirad Amare 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to systematically identify and examine the challenges and opportunities of ecotourism development in Wondo Genet and its vicinity, southern Ethiopia and thereby forward suggestions to pertinent ecotourism stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a mixed-method research approach and collects primary data from 412 research participants (400 survey respondents and 12 interviewees). Descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis are used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.

Findings
The research findings unfold several constraints that deter successful ecotourism development along with opportunities that can be used in future development. Ecotourism is suggested as a complementary form of tourism development in Wondo Genet and its vicinity, as the area is known for its natural and cultural resources.

Research limitations/implications
The findings offer substantive insights to policymakers, private investors and local communities about the existing challenges and opportunities of ecotourism development in the context of emerging destinations. Given time, budget and human resource are acute restraints in developing countries; the current study is relevant in terms of highlighting the most pressing challenges that demand urgent action to unleash the development of a sustainable tourist destination.

Practical implications
The findings of this study also provide crucial practical implications to various stakeholders about the complementary nature of ecotourism and sustainable placemaking to conserve destinations’ environmental resources while improving socioeconomic conditions.

Originality/value
Despite Wondo Genet's immense ecotourism resource potential as one of the prime destinations both in the country and in the region, a huge gap exists in the current literature, where the current study intends to bridge in a comprehensive manner.