bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Functional Outcomes in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Low Back Pain
Authors: Ring Joshua , Peskoe Sarah , Zhao Congwen , Friedman Benjamin W. , George Steven Z. , Eucker Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesLow back pain (LBP) is a common reason for patients to present to emergency departments (EDs). Our objective was to describe the associations between depressive symptoms, pain severity, and functional impairment up to 3 months after initial ED presentation for LBP.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis on an observational cohort of adult patients from a high‐volume, urban ED. Initial depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9) and disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) were collected in person at the time of initial ED visit and by telephone at 1‐week and 3‐month follow‐ups. Pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale) was collected at 1‐week and 3‐month follow‐ups. Our primary goal was to determine the associations between initial depressive symptoms and pain intensity and disability scores at 3 months. We also investigated the associations of initial and 3‐month change in depressive symptoms with change in disability score from initial presentation to 3 months and change in pain score from 1 week to 3 months.ResultsOf the 674 patients initially enrolled, 362 patients had complete depressive symptom, pain, and disability data and were included in the final analysis. Those with higher levels of intake depressive symptoms had worse pain intensity (B = 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08 to 0.21) and disability (0.46, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.62) severity at 3 months, with less improvement in disability over the 3 months (B = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.40). Furthermore, those with worsening depressive symptoms over the 3‐month study period experienced less improvement in pain intensity (B = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.17) and disability (B = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.66 to 1.02) over the same time frame. Except for a slight strengthening of the association between initial depressive symptom severity and 3‐month pain score among patients with no prior LBP episodes, history of prior LBP episodes did not moderate these relationships.ConclusionsSignificant positive temporal associations exist between initial severity and 3‐month progression of depressive symptoms and 3‐month pain intensity and disability outcomes for ED patients with LBP. Future work is needed to investigate whether behavioral interventions initiated from the ED may mitigate the incidence and severity of LBP‐related chronic pain and functional impairments.
Relations Between Acute Effects of Alcohol on Response Inhibition, Impaired Control over Alcohol Use, and Alcohol‐Related Problems
Authors: Corbin William R. , Berey Benjamin L. , Waddell Jack T. , Leeman Robert F. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAlcohol consistently impairs response inhibition in the laboratory, and alcohol impairment of response inhibition may lead to excess consumption or increases in intoxicated risk behavior, both of which contribute to risk for alcohol‐related problems. To our knowledge, no prior studies have examined relations between alcohol impairment of response inhibition and either impaired control over alcohol (i.e., inability to adhere to predetermined drinking limits) or real‐world alcohol‐related problems. The current study addressed this gap in the literature.MethodsYoung adult social drinkers (N = 215, 76% male) participated in a between‐subjects, placebo‐controlled alcohol challenge study and completed self‐reports approximately 2 weeks later. Multilevel models were used to examine the hypothesis that alcohol impairment of response inhibition would indirectly lead to alcohol‐related problems through impaired control over alcohol use.ResultsGreater alcohol‐induced impairment of response inhibition and impaired control over alcohol use were both significant predictors of alcohol‐related problems. However, greater alcohol‐induced response inhibition was not a significant predictor of impaired control over alcohol use.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating relationships between alcohol impairment of response inhibition and real‐world alcohol‐related problems and the first to address relationships between alcohol impairment of response inhibition and impaired control over alcohol use. These results suggest that impaired control over alcohol use may result from deficits in the trait ability to control behavior rather than deficits in alcohol‐induced response inhibition. Regardless, results suggest that alcohol impairment of response inhibition and impaired control over alcohol are both worthwhile intervention targets.
Outcome of endodontic treatment with chlorhexidine gluconate as main irrigant: A case series
Authors: Salas Hair , Vieira Gaya C.S. , Palomino Ivo , Valero Javier , Pacheco‐Yanes Juan , Campello Andrea F. , Pérez Alejandro R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the overall endodontic therapy success using 0.12% or 2% chlorhexidine gluconate as main irrigant. Seventy‐two teeth diagnosed as vital, necrotic or previously treated teeth with apical periodontitis that were consecutively treated by orthograde therapy. All cases were followed clinically and radiographically for at least 1‐year period. Success was established in teeth without signs or adverse clinical symptoms and complete or incomplete radiographic healing. Failure was determined in teeth with any sign or adverse clinical symptoms and a new, unchanged or enlarged radiographic periapical lesion. The data were analysed using chi‐square and Fischer's exact tests. The overall success rate for teeth undergoing vital pulp was 84.6%, 76.2% as for the necrotic teeth and 84% for the retreatment cases. No significant differences were observed between groups (P > 0.05). Cases treated with CHX as main irrigant showed a high overall endodontic therapy success rate.
Understanding high rates of stillbirth and neonatal death in a disadvantaged, high‐migrant district in France: A perinatal audit
Authors: Sauvegrain Priscille , Carayol Marion , Piedvache Aurélie , Guéry Esther , Bréart Gérard , Bucourt Martine , Zeitlin Jennifer ,   the REMIP Investigator Team
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study is to investigate factors associated with risks of perinatal death in a disadvantaged, high‐migrant French district with mortality rates above the national average.Material and methodsThe study design is a perinatal audit in 2014 in all 11 maternity units in the Seine‐Saint‐Denis district (25 037 births). The data come from medical chart abstraction, maternal interviews and peer assessor confidential review of deaths. A representative sample of live births in the same district, from the 2010 French Perinatal Survey, was used for comparisons (n = 429). The main outcome measures were stillbirth and neonatal death (0‐27 days) at ≥22 weeks of gestation.ResultsThe audit included 218 women and 227 deaths (156 stillbirths, 71 neonatal deaths); 75 women were interviewed. In addition to primiparity and multiple pregnancy, overweight and obesity increased mortality risks (50% of cases, adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1‐2.8, and aOR 1.9 [95% CI 1.1‐3.2], respectively) as did the presence of preexisting medical/obstetric conditions (28.6% of cases, aOR 3.2, 95% CI 2.0‐5.3). Problems accessing or complying with care were noted in 25% of medical records and recounted in 50% of interviews. Assessors identified suboptimal factors in 73.2% of deaths and judged 33.9% to be possibly or probably preventable. Care not adapted to risk factors and poor healthcare coordination were frequent suboptimal factors. Possibly preventable deaths were higher (P < .05) for women with gestational diabetes or hypertension (44.6%) than women without (29.0%).ConclusionsPreventive actions to improve healthcare referral and coordination, especially for overweight and obese women and women with medical and obstetrical risk factors, could reduce perinatal mortality in disadvantaged areas.
A systematic review of economic evaluations of advanced therapy medicinal products
Authors: Lloyd‐Williams Huw , Hughes Dyfrig A. 
Published: March 2020

AimsAdvanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) represent a new category of medicinal products with a potential for transformative improvements in health outcomes but at exceptionally high prices. Routine adoption of ATMPs requires robust evidence of their cost‐effectiveness.MethodsA systematic literature review of economic evaluations of ATMPs, including gene therapies, somatic cell therapies and tissue‐engineered products, was conducted. Literature was searched using MedLine, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Register, the NHS Economic Evaluation Database and the grey literature of health technology assessment organisations with search terms relating to ATMPs and economic evaluations. Titles were screened independently by 2 reviewers. Articles deemed to meet the inclusion criteria were screened independently on abstract, and full texts reviewed. Study findings were appraised critically.Results4514 articles were identified, of which 23 met the inclusion criteria. There was some evidence supporting the cost‐effectiveness of: chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy axicabtagene–ciloleucel (Yescarta), embryonic neural stem cells, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, in vitro expanded myoblast, autologous chondrocyte implantation, ex vivo gene therapy (Strimvelis) and voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna). However, estimates of cost‐effectiveness were associated with significant uncertainty and high likelihood of bias, resulting from largely unknown long‐term outcomes, a paucity of evidence on health state utilities and extensive modelling assumptions.ConclusionThere are critical limitations to the economic evidence for ATMPs, most notably in relation to evidence on the durability of treatment effect, and the reliability of opinion‐based assumptions necessary when evidence is absent.
P2Y6 receptor inhibition aggravates ischemic brain injury by reducing microglial phagocytosis
Authors: Wen Ruo‐Xue , Shen Hui , Huang Shu‐Xian , Wang Li‐Ping , Li Zong‐Wei , Peng Peng , Mamtilahun Muyassar , Tang Yao‐Hui , Shen Fan‐Xia , Tian Heng‐Li , Yang Guo‐Yuan , Zhang Zhi‐Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionClearance of damaged cells and debris is beneficial for the functional recovery after ischemic brain injury. However, the specific phagocytic receptor that mediates microglial phagocytosis after ischemic stroke is unknown.AimTo investigate whether P2Y6 receptor‐mediated microglial phagocytosis is beneficial for the debris clearance and functional recovery after ischemic stroke.ResultsThe expression of the P2Y6 receptor in microglia increased within 3 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Inhibition of microglial phagocytosis by the selective inhibitor MRS2578 enlarged the brain atrophy and edema volume after ischemic stroke, subsequently aggravated neurological function as measured by modified neurological severity scores and Grid walking test. MRS2578 treatment had no effect on the expression of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, and MPO after ischemic stroke. Finally, we found that the expression of myosin light chain kinase decreased after microglial phagocytosis inhibition in the ischemic mouse brain, which suggested that myosin light chain kinase was involved in P2Y6 receptor‐mediated phagocytosis.ConclusionOur results indicate that P2Y6 receptor‐mediated microglial phagocytosis plays a beneficial role during the acute stage of ischemic stroke, which can be a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Validation of the Finnish severe respiratory insufficiency questionnaire
Authors: Kotanen Petra , Kainu Annette , Brander Pirkko , Bergman Paula , Lehtomäki Anu , Kreivi Hanna‐Riikka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionChronic respiratory insufficiency impacts patients' lives and reduces quality of life. The Severe Respiratory Insufficiency (SRI) questionnaire examines health‐related quality of life and is designed specifically for patients receiving home mechanical ventilation (HMV) for chronic respiratory failure (CRF).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to validate the Finnish version of the SRI and study its reproducibility in patients with CRF.MethodsOur 74 patients receiving HMV or long‐term oxygen treatment for CRF or both completed the SRI and St George's Respiratory questionnaires (SGRQ) three times (at baseline, and then one week and one month later). Reliability and validity of the questionnaires was analysed with Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient. Patients were prospectively followed up for 5 years, with data collected on their use of hospital services and mortality.ResultsCronbach's alpha in the SRI ranged from 0.67 to 0.88 and was >0.7 on all subscales except the “attendant symptoms and sleep”. On four subscales, Cronbach’s alpha was >0.8, and on the summary scale, 0.95. The SRI showed high correlation with SGRQ. Both tests showed good reproducibility. During the 5‐year follow‐up, 27 (36%) patients died.ConclusionsThe Finnish SRI proved valid, reliable and reproducible. Its psychometric properties were good and similar to those of the original questionnaire and of other validation studies.
Contrasting latitudinal clines of nematode diversity in Spartina alterniflora salt marshes between native and introduced ranges
Authors: Zhang Youzheng , Li Bo , Wu Jihua , Pennings Steven C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimIntroduced species may display or foster novel latitudinal clines because they are not well adapted to their new habitats. We tested the hypothesis that the latitudinal cline in nematode diversity in salt marshes would differ between the native (United States) and introduced (China) ranges of Spartina alterniflora.LocationEast Coasts of the United States (30.32–43.33°N) and China (30.36–39.14°N).MethodsWe extracted nematodes from soil samples collected at 32 sites along the United States East Coast and 41 sites along the Chinese coast. We compared latitudinal patterns in nematode diversity and composition between the native and introduced ranges.ResultsIn the native range of S. alterniflora, nematode richness at lower latitudes was almost twice as high as that at higher latitudes. In contrast, we found no latitudinal pattern in nematode richness or diversity in the introduced range of S. alterniflora. Nematode genus richness at all sites in China was about half that at lower latitudes in the United States. Beta diversity of nematodes increased with geographic distance in the United States, but not China.Main conclusionsNematode diversity did not show latitudinal clines in salt marshes dominated by introduced S. alterniflora in China. A likely explanation is that the recently introduced populations are still relatively genetically homogenous, whereas in the native range, genetic variation in plant populations across latitude drives different nematode communities. We suggest that future studies of introduced species will gain additional insights by taking an explicitly geographic perspective.
Attentional abilities constrain language development: A cross‐syndrome infant/toddler study
Authors: D'Souza Dean , D'Souza Hana , Jones Emily J. H. , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTypically developing (TD) infants adapt to the social world in part by shifting the focus of their processing resources to the relevant aspects of a visual scene. Any impairment in visual orienting may therefore constrain learning and development in domains such as language. However, although something is known about visual orienting in infants at risk of autism, very little is known about it in infants/toddlers with other neurodevelopmental disorders. This is partly because previous studies focused on older children and rarely compared the children tobothchronological age (CA)‐ and mental age (MA)‐matched TD controls. Yet, if visual orienting is important for learning and development, then it is imperative to investigate itearly in developmentand ascertain whether it relates to higher level cognitive functions such as language. We used eye‐tracking technology to directly compare visual orienting in infants/toddlers with one of three neurodevelopmental disorders—Down syndrome (DS), fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Williams syndrome (WS)—matched on CA or MA to TD controls (~15 months). We also measured language ability using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). We found that the ability todisengageattention from a visual stimulus in order to shift it to another visual stimulus is related to language ability in infants/toddlers irrespective of group affiliation. We also found that, contrary to the literature, infants and toddlers with DS (but not WS) are slow at disengaging attention. Our data suggest that orienting attention constrains language development and is impaired in DS.
Participated without consent: Mandatory authorization of government database for secondary use
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Jui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCompared with data that is initially collected for research purposes, the mandatory authorization of a government database for secondary use deserves greater scrutiny because it consists of information that is collected initially for administrative purposes. Using the case of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) Database as an example, this paper analyzes the ethical issues that emerge when the research participants are “participated” in studies without their consent, according to the current policy. The proponents of secondary use for research purposes maintain that the authorized use of the NHI Database is necessary for public interests, while the opponents argue that the potential lack of democratic accountability and the infringement on people’s rights to privacy and information autonomy is unwarranted. Drawing on the solidarity‐based approach, this paper proposes a temporal solution as a possible reform direction for better ethical justification of the secondary use of the NHI Database.
A new approach to the continuous monitoring of transvenous lead extraction using transesophageal echocardiography—Analysis of 936 procedures
Authors: Nowosielecka Dorota , Polewczyk Anna , Jacheć Wojciech , Tułecki Łukasz , Tomków Konrad , Stefańczyk Paweł , Kleinrok Andrzej , Kutarski Andrzej 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThe usefulness of transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) monitoring for transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedures is still controversial. The purpose of the current study was to present new TEE values in detecting invisible events in fluoroscopy and preventing the development of dangerous complications.MethodsFrom 2015 to 2019, a total of 1026 procedures were performed in single TLE center. In total, 1108 leads had been extracted with a mean lead dwell time of 115.8 ± 77.6 months. Continuous TEE was used in 936 patients with a mean age of 67.1 ± 14.4 years.ResultsPreprocedure examination revealed looped leads in 181 (19.3%) patients, dry cardiac perforation in 151 (16.1%), lead‐to‐lead adhesion in 172 (18.4%), lead adhesion to the myocardium in 317 (33.9%), and vegetations in 119 (12.7%) patients. Intra‐procedural TEE demonstrated pulling on the atrial wall, ventricular wall, or tricuspid valve in 380 (40.5%), 235 (25.1%), and 78 (8.3%) patients, respectively. Acute tamponade requiring sternotomy occurred in 11 (1.1%) patients. Migration of vegetation or connective tissue fragments were seen in 69 (7.3%) and 111 (11.8%) patients, respectively. After procedure, TEE was helpful in navigating an implantation, a new lead in 97 (10.3%) patients, and removing the remnants of lead/silicone insulation in 50 (5.3%) patients.ConclusionReal time transesophageal echocardiography for the guidance of transvenous lead extraction informs the operator about the danger of manipulations close to delicate cardiac structures and whether immediate modification to the plan of lead removal is necessary in order to prevent the occurrence of unwanted events.
Peri‐ictal responsiveness to the social environment is greater in psychogenic nonepileptic than epileptic seizures
Authors: Wardrope Alistair , Wong Siew , McLaughlan Jonathan , Wolfe Maytal , Oto Maria , Reuber Markus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo look for evidence of peri‐ictal social interaction in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and epileptic seizures exploring the notion of PNES as a form of nonverbal communication.MethodsVideo recordings of typical seizures experienced by patients with epilepsy and PNES were obtained in a naturalistic social setting (residential epilepsy monitoring unit). Video analysis by three nonexpert clinicians identified 18 predefined semiological and interactional features indicative of apparent impairment of consciousness or of peri‐ictal responsiveness to the social environment with assessment of interrater reliability using Fleiss κ. Features were compared between epileptic seizures and PNES.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐nine seizures from 50 participants (24 epilepsy, 18 PNES, eight combined) were analyzed. At least fair (κ > 0.20) interrater agreement was achieved for 14 features. The PNES and epileptic seizures compared were of similar severity in terms of ictal impairment of consciousness (κ = 0.34, odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62‐1.96) and responsiveness (κ = 0.52, OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.55‐1.86). PNES were more likely to be preceded by attempts to alert others (κ = 0.52, OR = 12.4, 95% CI = 3.2‐47.7,P < .001), to show intensity affected by the presence of others (κ = 0.44, OR = 199.4, 95% CI = 12.0‐3309.9,P < .001), and to display postictal behavior affected by the presence of others (κ = 0.35, OR = 91.1, 95% CI = 17.2‐482.1,P < .001).SignificanceNonexpert raters can, with fair to moderate reliability, rate features characterizing ictal impairment of consciousness and responsivity in video recordings of seizures. PNES are associated with greater peri‐ictal responsiveness to the social environment than epileptic seizures. These findings are consistent with a potential communicative function of PNES and could be of differential diagnostic significance.
Testing adaptive significance of host manipulation with a parasitoid wasp
Authors: Pecina Peter , Vidlička Ľubomír , Prokop Pavol 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccording to the extended phenotype hypothesis, certain parasites manipulate the host's behaviour which ultimately enhances the transmission of parasite genes into the next generation. The parasitoid waspAmpulex compressaattacks and stings its cockroachPeriplaneta americanahost and lays an egg on the cockroach's leg. Before the wasp's oviposition, the stung cockroach engages in excessive self‐grooming for about 30 min. The prey location hypothesis posits that self‐grooming may allow the wasp to easily locate its host before transporting it to the nest. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated the mobility of the stung cockroach under different spatial constraints. Latencies to locate stung cockroaches with unlimited movement were similar than latencies to locate stung, but motionless cockroaches irrespectively of spatial constraints. Wasps were less willing to lay eggs and seal an entrance to the burrow in treatments with motionless cockroaches which suggests that if the expected reproductive success is low, then parental investment decreases. Our results provide no support for the location hypothesis and call for further experimental investigation of the extended phenotype hypothesis in parasite–host interactions.