bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19
Authors: Hendren Nicholas S. , de Lemos James A. , Ayers Colby , Das Sandeep R. , Rao Anjali , Carter Spencer , Rosenblatt Anna , Walchok Jason , Omar Wally , Khera Rohan , Hegde Anita A. , Drazner Mark H. , Neeland Ian J. , Grodin Justin L. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Obesity may contribute to adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, studies of large, broadly generalizable patient populations are lacking, and the effect of body mass index (BMI) on COVID-19 outcomes— particularly in younger adults—remains uncertain.

Methods:
We analyzed data from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at 88 US hospitals enrolled in the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry with data collection through July 22, 2020. BMI was stratified by World Health Organization obesity class, with normal weight prespecified as the reference group.

Results:

Obesity, and, in particular, class III obesity, was overrepresented in the registry in comparison with the US population, with the largest differences among adults ≤50 years. Among 7606 patients, in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation occurred in 2109 (27.7%), in-hospital death in 1302 (17.1%), and mechanical ventilation in 1602 (21.1%). After multivariable adjustment, classes I to III obesity were associated with higher risks of in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.09–1.51], 1.57 [1.29–1.91], 1.80 [1.47–2.20], respectively), and class III obesity was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death (hazard ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.00–1.58]). Overweight and class I to III obese individuals were at higher risk for mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.09–1.51], 1.54 [1.29–1.84], 1.88 [1.52–2.32], and 2.08 [1.68–2.58], respectively). Significant BMI by age interactions were seen for all primary end points (
P
-interaction<0.05 for each), such that the association of BMI with death or mechanical ventilation was strongest in adults ≤50 years, intermediate in adults 51 to 70 years, and weakest in adults >70 years. Severe obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m
2
) was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death only in those ≤50 years (hazard ratio, 1.36 [1.01–1.84]). In adjusted analyses, higher BMI was associated with dialysis initiation and with venous thromboembolism but not with major adverse cardiac events.

Conclusions:
Obese patients are more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19, and are at higher risk of in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation, in particular, if young (age ≤50 years). Obese patients are also at higher risk for venous thromboembolism and dialysis. These observations support clear public health messaging and rigorous adherence to COVID-19 prevention strategies in all obese individuals regardless of age.
A Possible Lost Classic: The *She ming, or *Command to She
Authors: Shaughnessy Edward L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Volume 8 of Qinghua daxue cang Zhanguo zhujian 清華大學藏戰國竹簡 con­tains a manuscript entitled by the editors *She ming 攝命 (*Command to She), which they argue is the original version of the ancient-script “Jiong ming” 囧命 (“Command to Jiong”) chapter of the Shangshu 尚書. I review the evidence for this and further provide a full translation of the text. I also consider possible implications of the *She ming for Western Zhou history, and how the text may have been transmitted from the time of its original composition, perhaps in the ninth century BCE, to the time that the Tsinghua manuscript was copied, probably in the fourth century BCE.
The Binding of Jephthah
Authors: Cole Casey S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article continues the author’s journey of forming an ‘orthopathic hermeneutic’ with special attention to Pentecostalism and the ‘Texts of Terror’. It examines the narrative of Jephthah, his daughter, and her sacrifice as found in Judges 11. Texts of Terror like Jephthah’s daughter’s story have been long neglected, rejected, or protected by ministers and theologians alike. With the work of Pentecostal scholars such as R. Moore, C. Johns, and C. Green in mind, Cole identifies that Judges 11 and similarly terrifying texts can be used today to make meaning in the Church. By examining our own desires for and in light of the text, the Spirit can make meaning for one’s own life by revealing the heart of the reader. In such, the orthopathic reader is called to conformity with the compassion of Christ.
Glory beyond the Camp
Authors: Redick Kip 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article is a phenomenological exploration of the grounds for pilgrimage as it is prophetically performed by both Moses and Jesus. Looking closely at Moses’ encounter with God’s manifestation, as well as Jesus’ ascending of a mountain after being offered a crown by the crowds, the article explores the contrast of two kinds of power, one associated with the camp and one beyond the camp. The exploration continues into the outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon Christ’s followers in Jerusalem. These prophetic performances and events beyond the camp show pilgrimage to involve waiting, being measured, and both giving and receiving hospitality.
Calling But Not Foreclosing: reworking Our Approach to Faith Formation
Authors: Clements Chris D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As churches continue to feel anxious about losing their young people, the impulse to find means to secure young people’s faith identities can arise. Such approaches, though well-intended, can inadvertently become exercises in identity foreclosure. Foreclosure subverts young people’s selfhood and can lead to faith and identity commitments that lack resilience. Using Søren Kierkegaard’s writings and the biblical book of Jonah, an approach to faith formation will be articulated that focuses on hearing God’s call. This approach avoids identity-foreclosing impulses by elevating the place of God’s calling in faith formation.
A Shallow-Water Model for Convective Self-Aggregation
Authors: Yang Da 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRandomly distributed convective storms can self-aggregate in the absence of large-scale forcings. Here we present a 1D shallow-water model to study the convective self-aggregation. This model simulates the dynamics of the planetary boundary layer and represents convection as a triggered process. Once triggered, convection lasts for finite time and occupies finite length. We show that the model can successfully simulate self-aggregation, and that the results are robust to a wide range of parameter values. In the simulations, convection excites gravity waves. The gravity waves then form a standing wave pattern, separating the domain into convectively active and inactive regions. We analyze the available potential energy (APE) budget and show that convection generates APE, providing energy for self-aggregation. By performing dimensional analysis, we develop a scaling theory for the size of convective aggregation, which is set by the gravity wave speed, damping time scale, and number density of convective storms. This paper provides a simple modeling framework to further study convective self-aggregation.
Chronic subsyndromal depression and risk of dementia in older adults
Authors: Oh Dae Jong , Han Ji Won , Bae Jong Bin , Kim Tae Hui , Kwak Kyung Phil , Kim Bong Jo , Kim Shin Gyeom , Kim Jeong Lan , Moon Seok Woo , Park Joon Hyuk , Ryu Seung-Ho , Youn Jong Chul , Lee Dong Young , Lee Dong Woo , Lee Seok Bum , Lee Jung Jae , Jhoo Jin Hyeong , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: Subsyndromal depression is prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in late life, but its effect on the risk of dementia has barely been investigated. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of subsyndromal depression on dementia risk in cognitively normal older adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Data were collected from a nationwide, population-based, prospective cohort study on a randomly sampled Korean elderly population aged 60 years or older, which has been followed every 2 years. Using 6-year follow-up data of 4456 non-demented elderly, the authors examined the risk of dementia associated with late-onset subsyndromal depression using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. After standardized diagnostic interviews, subsyndromal depression and dementia were diagnosed by the operational diagnostic criteria and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria, respectively. Results: Subsyndromal depression tripled the risk of dementia in non-demented elderly individuals (hazard ratio = 3.02, 95% confidence interval = [1.56, 5.85], p < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, subsyndromal depression was associated with the risk of dementia in cognitively normal participants only (hazard ratio = 4.59, 95% confidence interval = [1.20, 17.54], p = 0.026); chronic/recurrent subsyndromal depression with increasing severity during the follow-up period was associated with the risk of dementia (hazard ratio = 15.34, 95% confidence interval = [4.19, 56.18], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Late-onset subsyndromal depression is a potential predictor of incident dementia when it is chronic or recurrent with increasing severity in cognitively normal older adults.
One-year outcomes of radiofrequency ablation of incompetent perforator veins using the radiofrequency stylet device: Cohort study from East Asia
Authors: Wang Chang-Ming , Zhao Shi-Lu , Feng Qi-Chen , Gai Shuo , Li Xuan 
Published: November 2020

Objectives The present study was designed to assess outcomes of patients undergone radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for their incompetent perforator veins (IPVs) with ClosureFast stylets. Methods Data of 165 IPVs in 138 limbs of 117 consecutive patients between July 2017 to Nov. 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Primary endpoints (technical success rate, complications) and secondary endpoints (VCSS) were analyzed. Results The immediate technical success rate was 100%. There were no major complications. The rate of ecchymosis and induration was 5.8%. 129/165 IPVs in 79.5% (93/117) patients had achieved sonographic evaluation at 1 year followed-up, in which 3 perforators were recanalized. VCSS scores at pre-operation and 1-year follow-up were 5.77 ± 1.88 and 2.70 ± 1.39, respectively ( t= 29.644, P= .000). Conclusions In conclusion, RFA is safe and effective for the treatment of IPVs. At the 1-year follow-up, the RFA of IPVs showed a low recanalization rate and had a satisfactory improvement on VCSS.
Factors Associated With Condom Use Among High School Students of Natitingou Agricultural Technical School, Benin, in 2017
Authors: Houéto David S. , N’Koué N’Da Eloi B. , Sambiéni Emmanuel N. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction HIV/AIDS is one of the most dreaded diseases of this century. Condom use is probably the most effective way to combat the disease. Objective: To study the factors associated with condom use among high school students in Natitingou in 2017. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional analytical study involving 202 individuals, based on non-random sampling technique with exhaustive choice. Collected data were processed and analyzed with Epi-Data 3.1 and Epi-Info 7. Results 128 male and 74 female students were included in the study. Mean age was 19.51 years. Prevalence of condom use was 40.63%. Factors associated with condom use were: level of education, injecting drug use, knowing one’s HIV status, ease access to condom, friends' point of view on voluntary testing. Conclusions There is still room for improving the prevalence of condom use among high school students, and this suggests the social gradient perspective that other more in-depth studies will be able to specify.
Importance of Space-Occupying Anatomical Variations in Peroneal Tendoscopy
Authors: Bojanić Ivan , Knežević Igor , Dimnjaković Damjan 
Published: November 2020

Background: We hypothesized that peroneal tendons disorders are more commonly associated with anatomical variations, which could overcrowd the retrofibular groove. Methods: This single-center retrospective case study covered 84 consecutive cases that had undergone peroneal tendoscopy. Peroneal tendoscopy was performed on 82 patients, predominantly female (3:1) with a median age of 46 years. The preoperative evaluation and all the procedures were performed by a single surgeon using a standardized technique. Results: Two patients required revision surgery 8 and 52 months after the index procedure due to persistent posterolateral ankle pain. Peroneal tendoscopy was performed as a solitary procedure in 45.1% (37/82) of cases, while the remaining cases involved peroneal tendoscopy as a supplementary procedure. Low-lying peroneus brevis muscle belly (LLMB) was the most common finding in this series in 53.7% (44/82) of cases. In 41.5% (34/82) of cases, longitudinal tears of the peroneus brevis tendon were noted. Some patients presented with more than 1 concomitant peroneal tendon pathology. The LLMB was observed in 23.5% (8/34) of cases with a longitudinal tear of the peroneus brevis tendon. Conclusion: Peroneal tendon anatomical variations, especially LLMB, were associated with the presence of peroneus brevis tendon ruptures and intrasheath peroneal tendon subluxations as well as posttraumatic posterolateral ankle pain. Due to high rates of undiagnosed and misdiagnosed cases of LLMB preoperatively, we believe special care should be taken to recognize it during tendoscopy. Peroneal tendoscopy is a high-efficiency, low-complication method to treat some peroneal tendon conditions. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Effects of scanning parameters reduction in dental radiographs on image quality and diagnostic performance: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ghazali Liyana , Mohd Yusof Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera , Norman Noraina Hafizan 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: To investigate the effect of reducing scanning parameters of digital dental panoramic tomogram (DPT) and lateral cephalometric (LC) radiographs on quality and diagnostic performance of the images. Design: Single-centre prospective two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. Setting: Orthodontic Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia. Participants: Adult orthodontic patients aged 18–35 years, indicated for DPT and LC, who were fit and healthy with a body mass index of 18.5–25.0, not contraindicated to radiographic examination, not pregnant, and did not have a history of facial or skeletal abnormalities or bone diseases were included. Methods: Thirty-eight adult orthodontic patients were randomised into control and intervention groups. DPT and LC radiographs in the control group were obtained using standard scanning parameters as prescribed by the manufacturer using Orthopantomograph® OP300 by Instrumentarium. Scanning parameters in the intervention group were reduced by 60% for DPT (60 kV, 3.2 mA) and 30% for LC (85 kV, 8 mA). A five-point rating scale was used for the assessment of image quality. Images were evaluated for diagnostic performance by detection of anatomical landmarks. Mann–Whitney test was performed to compare the quality and diagnostic performance of the images and the observer agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: For image quality, the control group produced slightly lower median scores (DPT 2.0, LC 2.0) compared to the intervention group (DPT 2.0, LC 3.0). For diagnostic performance, both groups showed similar median scores (DPT 21.0, LC 32.0). The differences between control and intervention groups for both modalities were not statistically significant. The average scores for intra-observer agreement were excellent (ICC 0.917) and inter-observer agreement was good (ICC 0.822). Conclusion: Minimising radiation exposure by reducing scanning parameters on digital DPT by 60% and LC by 30% on Intsrumentarium 300 OP did not affect the quality and diagnostic performance of the images. Thus, scanning parameters on digital DPT and LC should be reduced when taking radiographs.
Implications of SARS-CoV-2-Associated Myocarditis in the Medical Evaluation of Athletes
Authors: Raukar Neha P. , Cooper Leslie T. 
Published: November 2020

Context: Myocarditis is a known cause of death in athletes. As we consider clearance of athletes to participate in sports during the COVID-19 pandemic, we offer a brief review of the myocardial effects of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) through the lens of what is known about myocarditis and exercise. All athletes should be queried about any recent illness suspicious for COVID-19 prior to sports participation. Evidence Acquisition: The PubMed database was evaluated through 2020, with the following keywords: myocarditis, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, cardiac, and athletes. Selected articles identified through the primary search, along with position statements from around the world, and the relevant references from those articles, were reviewed for pertinent clinical information regarding the identification, evaluation, risk stratification, and management of myocarditis in patients, including athletes, with and without SARS-CoV-2. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Results: Since myocarditis can present with a variety of symptoms, and can be asymptomatic, the sports medicine physician needs to have a heightened awareness of athletes who may have had COVID-19 and be at risk for myocarditis and should have a low threshold to obtain further cardiovascular testing. Symptomatic athletes with SARS-CoV-2 may require cardiac evaluation including an electrocardiogram and possibly an echocardiogram. Athletes with cardiomyopathy may benefit from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the recovery phase and, rarely, endocardial biopsy. Conclusion: Myocarditis is a known cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes. The currently reported rates of cardiac involvement of COVID-19 makes myocarditis a risk, and physicians who clear athletes for participation in sport as well as sideline personnel should be versed with the diagnosis, management, and clearance of athletes with suspected myocarditis. Given the potentially increased risk of arrhythmias, sideline personnel should practice their emergency action plans and be comfortable using an automated external defibrillator.
COVID-19: What should health professionals know? Assessment of Knowledge, attitude, and practice of community pharmacists in a developing country
Authors: Yimenu Dawit Kumilachew , Demeke Chilot Abiyu , Kasahun Asmamaw Emagn , Asrade Seyfe , Mekuria Abebe Basazn 
Published: November 2020

Background: Healthcare professionals are the primary frontiers of the fight against every public health threat. These had made them vulnerable to various infectious agents, with many reports of morbidity and mortality also being evident. Objectives: The current study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 among community pharmacists in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, and the collected data were coded, validated, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Quantitative data were summarized using means and standard deviations, while frequencies and proportions were used to summarize categorical data. A chi-square test was used to assess an association between the different variables, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance at a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 46 community pharmacy professionals had participated in the study. The main sources of information about COVID-19 were news media 29 (63%), followed by social media 24 (52.2%). The mean knowledge score was 8.15 (standard deviation: 1.86), and among the total study participants, 29 (63%) were found to have good knowledge about COVID-19. The mean attitude score was 31.52 (standard deviation: 4.288). Only 30.4% of the study participants were found to have a good practice toward the prevention of COVID-19. Chi-square results showed that having a good knowledge of COVID-19 was significantly associated with practice (P = 0.035). Conclusion: Significant gaps were identified concerning community pharmacy professional’s knowledge of COVID-19 and their practice toward prevention of the disease. Strategies should be implemented to equip community pharmacy professionals with all necessary information about COVID-19 through continuous training programs and other virtual platforms.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes After Fixation of Chondral Fragments of the Knee in 6 Adolescents Using Autologous Bone Pegs
Authors: Ogura Takahiro , Sakai Hiroki , Asai Shigehiro , Fukuda Hideaki , Takahashi Tatsuya , Kanisawa Izumi , Yamaura Ichiro , Tsuchiya Akihiro , Forney Michael , Winalski Carl S. , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: November 2020

Background: Little is known regarding the optimal treatment for displaced, purely chondral fragments in the knee. Purpose: To report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of chondral fragment fixation in adolescents through use of autologous bone pegs. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study evaluated 6 patients (mean age, 12.9 years) who underwent fixation of chondral fragments (no visualized bone attached) using autologous bone pegs (mean postoperative follow-up, 5.2 years; range, 1.4-10.9 years). The causes were trauma (n = 5) and osteochondritis dissecans (n = 1). Lesions were located in the trochlear groove (lateral, n = 3; medial, n = 2) or posterior part of the lateral femoral condyle (n = 1). The mean lesion size was 3.8 cm2 (range, 0.8-9.0 cm2). Patients were evaluated via physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue scores. Results: In total, 5 patients successfully returned to sports without restrictions at a mean of 7 months (range, 6-8 months) postoperatively. At the latest follow-up, these 5 patients had full range of motion and no joint effusion. The mean magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score was 85 (range, 70-95) at a mean duration of 3 years (range, 1-5 years). One patient experienced failure at 1.3 years postoperatively after a traumatic injury and subsequently underwent removal of the fixed fragment and a drilling procedure. Conclusion: In most adolescents, fixation of chondral fragments with no visualized bony portion using autologous bone pegs provided a satisfactory success rate and good healing of cartilage tissue confirmed on MRI scans.