bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of access cavity design on gaps and void formation in resin composite restorations following root canal treatment on extracted teeth
Authors: Silva E. J. N. L. , Oliveira V. B. , Silva A. A. , Belladonna F. G. , Prado M. , Antunes H. S. , De‐Deus G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of ultraconservative endodontic access cavities (UEC) on gaps and void formation in resin composite restorations in extracted two‐rooted maxillary premolars after root canal treatment. Traditional endodontic access cavities (TEC) were used as a reference for comparison.MethodologyTwo‐rooted maxillary premolars were scanned in a micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) device, matched based on similar anatomical features and allocated into two groups (n = 10) according to the design of the access cavity: TEC or UEC. Teeth were mounted on a mannequin head and a single operator performed the treatment, including endodontic access cavity preparation, root canal detection, preparation, filling and restoration procedures, under magnification. For restorative procedure, a bulk fill flowable layer was applied initially followed by an overlaying of regular composite. After restoration procedures, a new micro‐CT scan was performed to check the quality of the coronal restoration by analysing the percentage volume of empty spaces present in the tooth‐restoration interface (gaps) and inside the restoration (voids). Data were analysed statistically using Shapiro–Wilk and Student’s t tests with a significance level of 5%.ResultsAll specimens had gaps and voids. There were significant differences between the access cavity designs regarding the formation of voids with significantly more voids associated with the UEC (P < 0.05). Gap formation did not differ between groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe access cavity design used during root canal treatment interfered with the adaptation of the restorative material. The minimally invasive access cavity design was associated with a significantly greater number of voids within restorations.
Virtual reality: an effective tool for teaching root canal anatomy to undergraduate dental students – a preliminary study
Authors: Reymus M. , Liebermann A. , Diegritz C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo introduce virtual reality (VR) into the endodontic curriculum for teaching root canal anatomy and to evaluate the effectiveness of this new method on third‐year undergraduate students.MethodologyExtracted human teeth were digitized using a CBCT scan and converted into STL files. The corresponding files were either 3D printed or imported into a VR software program. Subsequently, forty‐two third‐year undergraduate dental students in preclinical training were asked to respond to a questionnaire analysing their ability to detect all the anatomic features of the replica teeth and their comprehension of the underlying root canal anatomy. The investigation was based on three different methods: two‐dimensional radiography, CBCT scanning and VR simulation. Data were analysed using McNemar’s and binomial test, and the level of significance was set to 0.05 (P = 0.05).ResultsStudents reported that CBCT and VR allowed them to detect all anatomic features more than radiography (P < 0.001 – P = 0.049). Because it allowed improved comprehension of root canal anatomy, the VR simulation was considered better than CBCT scanning and radiography. Most of the students adapted well to the VR simulation.ConclusionsDental students greatly appreciated the integration of VR simulation into the endodontic curriculum. From a didactic point of view, VR has considerable advantages over three‐dimensional reconstructions and two‐dimensional radiographs when teaching root canal anatomy.
Trends in treatment outcomes of hydrocele in Japanese children: A single‐institute experience
Authors: Hori Shunta , Aoki Katsuya , Ichikawa Kazuki , Morizawa Yosuke , Gotoh Daisuke , Fukui Shinji , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Anai Satoshi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumichi , Yoneda Tatsuo , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate trends in treatment outcomes of surgical intervention versus observation for pediatric hydrocele.MethodsThis retrospective study included 175 patients diagnosed with hydrocele at our institution. Hydrocele was diagnosed based on medical history, physical examination and ultrasonography findings. The treatment for these patients was divided into two options: surgical intervention or careful follow up; the outcomes were investigated.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 3 months, and a total of 11 patients (6%) were premature at birth. Hydrocele was diagnosed on the right side, the left side and bilaterally in 106 (61%), 46 (26%) and 23 (13%) patients, respectively. A total of 136 patients showed spontaneous improvement at the median 7 months after diagnosis, and 54 patients underwent surgical intervention. The rate of spontaneous resolution deceased with age, but spontaneous resolution was observed in patients aged >2 years.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that spontaneous resolution can be observed in patients aged >2 years, and surgical intervention can be carried out effectively and safely. Infant hydrocele should be followed up carefully for at least 1 year without surgical intervention since diagnosis. Investigation of the optimal timing of and appropriate reason for surgical intervention can lead to better management and outcomes in patients with hydrocele. Further research is warranted to support the current clinical practice.
Up‐conversion phosphor plate for white lighting device using NIR excitation source
Authors: In Jun H. , Jang Ho S. , Kim Ha J. , Chung Woon J. , Im Won B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUpconversion phosphors have numerous advantages compared to down conversion phosphor materials, such as a weak background interface, low excitation energy, sharp emission lines, and long lifetimes. Conventionally, blue laser diodes are used to obtain strong white light by combining green‐ and red‐emitting phosphors. The blue‐excited white‐light‐emitting devices can be harmful when the blue light penetrates directly into the human body. However, lower energy excited lighting devices does not harm the human body because of their low‐energy photons are compatible with the biologically safe window. Hence, we present a prototype device that converts invisible near‐infrared light into visible white light. For this, we synthesized orange‐emitting Y2O3:Er3+, Yb3+ and blue‐emitting Y2O3:Tm3+, Yb3+ upconversion phosphors using a solid‐state reaction. Using these, phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) samples with sintered glass frit were prepared to investigate their optical behavior under low‐excitation energy. The emission color from the stacked PiGs depends on the color balance between the activator ions of Er3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+, and their balance is optimized to obtain a white light. The results might pave the way for designing safe white‐light‐emitting devices using a low‐energy excitation source.
An examination of the nature and characteristics of patients readmitted to acute care from inpatient brain injury rehabilitation
Authors: McKechnie Duncan , Fisher Murray J. , Pryor Julie , Mckechnie Rochelle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the nature of readmission to acute care and identify patient characteristics associated with avoidable readmission to acute care from inpatient brain injury rehabilitation.DesignA retrospective cohort design.MethodsData prospectively documented between 1 January 2012 ‐31 December 2018 in local clinical and administrative database were used. Patient medical records were accessed when missing data were identified. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the nature of readmission episodes and univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify patient characteristics associated with readmission to acute care.ResultsOf the 383 patients admitted for rehabilitation, 83 (22%) experienced readmission to acute care for a total of 171 episodes. Thirty‐seven percent of readmission episodes were due to hospital acquired complications and therefore potentially avoidable. Infection accounted for 63% of hospital acquired complications. Patients with an avoidable readmission episode (N = 38) were more likely to have a significantly lower Functional Independence Measure score, be incontinent, have a tracheostomy, require a mobility aid, and be prescribed a dysphagia diet on rehabilitation admission. Patients with a tracheostomy on rehabilitation admission had a 56% probability for an avoidable readmission to acute care.ConclusionBrain injury rehabilitation patients with an avoidable readmission to acute care were more likely to have a higher burden of care on rehabilitation admission and infection was the leading cause of avoidable readmission episodes.ImpactResearch into readmission to acute care in the mixed brain injury inpatient rehabilitation population is limited. In this patient population, readmission to acute care is a contemporary issue that can occur at any time during a patient’s rehabilitation admission. This study provides valuable information informing practice change for preventing avoidable readmission episodes. Locally developed policy aimed at preventing readmission episodes should include proactive prevention, early recognition of complications and discrete escalation care pathways.
Outcome after tailored catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia using ultra‐high‐density mapping
Authors: Jungen Christiane , Akbulak Ruken , Kahle Ann‐Kathrin , Eickholt Christian , Schaeffer Benjamin , Scherschel Katharina , Dinshaw Leon , Muenkler Paula , Schleberger Ruben , Nies Moritz , Gunawardene Melanie A. , Klatt Niklas , Hartmann Jens , Merbold Lydia , Jularic Mario , Willems Stephan , Meyer Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionTailored catheter ablation of atrial tachycardias (ATs) is increasingly recommended as a potentially easy treatment strategy in the era of high‐density mapping (HDM). As follow‐up data are sparse, we here report outcomes after HDM‐guided ablation of ATs in patients with prior catheter ablation or cardiac surgery.Methods and ResultsIn 250 consecutive patients (age 66.5 ± 0.7 years, 58% male) with ATs (98% prior catheter ablation, 13% prior cardiac surgery) an HDM‐guided catheter ablation was performed with the support of a 64‐electrode mini‐basket catheter. A total of 354 ATs (1.4 ± 0.1 ATs per patient; mean cycle length 304 ± 4.3 ms; 64% macroreentry, 27% localized reentry, and 9% focal) with acute termination of 95% were targeted in the index procedure. A similar AT as in the index procedure recurred in five patients (2%) after a median follow‐up time of 535 days (interquartile range (IQR) 25th–75th percentile: 217–841). Tailored ablation of reentry ATs with freedom from any arrhythmia was obtained in 53% after a single procedure and in 73% after 1.4 ± 0.4 ablation procedures (range: 1–4). A total of 228 patients (91%) were free from any arrhythmia recurrence after 210 days (IQR: 152–494) when including optimal usual care.ConclusionsTailored catheter ablation of ATs guided by HDM has a high acute success rate. The recurrence rate of the index AT is low. In patients with extensive atrial scaring further ablation procedures need to be considered to achieve freedom from any arrhythmia.
Identification of hypertension in hospitalized children prescribed as‐needed antihypertensive medication
Authors: Kocher Kathryn R. , Tumin Dmitry , Lehmann Amber G. , Gomez Mendez Lilliana Michelle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImperfect measurement conditions, transient blood pressure (BP) elevation due to pain or anxiety, and heavy clinical demands complicate hypertension (HTN) diagnosis in hospitalized children, and may prevent recognition of hypertensive episodes for children prescribed as‐needed (PRN) antihypertensive medication. The authors sought to describe the incidence and predictors of missed BP elevation among hospitalized children prescribed PRN antihypertensive medication at our hospital. BP data were retrospectively audited for children age 2‐18 admitted in 2018 to the general ward, and prescribed PRN oral nifedipine, intravenous [IV] or oral hydralazine, or IV labetalol. Appropriate recognition of BP elevation (exceeding the parameters in the medication order) was defined as administering medication within the ordered dosing interval, administering the medication earlier than planned, or physician documentation of why HTN treatment was withheld. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with recognition of BP elevation. Fifty‐six hospitalizations including 616 BP measurements were analyzed. BP elevation was appropriately recognized in 230 (37%) instances, in most of which (n = 190) the antihypertensive medication was given after excessive BP was noted. On multivariable analysis, higher systolic BP and BP elevation occurring at night were associated with increased likelihood of appropriate recognition. BP elevations are frequently missed in hospitalized children prescribed PRN antihypertensive medication. Particularly, there was low recognition of diastolic BP elevation and of systolic BP elevation close to but still exceeding the ordered threshold. Further staff education may be needed to raise awareness of lower BP thresholds for HTN in younger and smaller children.
A 10‐year prospective study on single immediate implants
Authors: Seyssens Lorenz , Eghbali Aryan , Cosyn Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical, aesthetic and radiographical outcome of single immediate implant placement (IIP) after 10 years (a) and to identify putative risk factors for advanced mid‐facial recession (b).Material and MethodsPeriodontally healthy patients with a thick gingival biotype and intact buccal bone wall were consecutively treated with a single immediate implant and crown in the aesthetic zone (15–25). Flapless surgery and socket grafting with deproteinized bovine bone mineral were performed. Seven patients received a connective tissue graft (CTG) at 3 months due to obvious alveolar process deficiency (n = 5) or advanced mid‐facial recession (n = 2). Clinical, aesthetic and radiographical outcomes at 10 years were compared to those at 5 years and CBCTs were taken at 10 years.ResultsTwenty‐two patients (10 women; mean age 50) were consecutively treated and 18 could be re‐examined. Two implants failed and two patients died. None of the parameters differed between the 5‐ and 10‐year re‐assessment (marginal bone loss: 0.31 mm; plaque score: 15%; probing depth: 3.4 mm; bleeding on probing: 32%; pink aesthetic score: 10.61; mesial papillary recession: −0.03 mm; distal papillary recession: 0.22 mm; mid‐facial recession: 0.58 mm). Six implants (33%) demonstrated ≥1 mm mid‐facial recession. Putative risk factors were merely based on descriptive statistics and included buccal shoulder position, no CTG, convex emergence profile and central incisor position. Three implants (17%) had no visible buccal bone on CBCT. One of these was too buccally positioned, another yielded peri‐implant mucositis and another demonstrated peri‐implantitis.ConclusionsAdvanced mid‐facial recession is common in the long term following IIP. Therefore, caution is required for IIP in the aesthetic zone.
Ontogeny in the European earwig (Forficula auricularia) and grain crops interact to exacerbate feeding damage risk
Authors: Kirkland Lisa S. , Maino James , Stuart Oliver , Umina Paul A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe preference of herbivores for different host plants can be modulated by plant ontogeny. In agricultural pest management, this has implications for sowing dates and pest monitoring. In the last 20 years, the European earwig (Forficula auricularia), a cosmopolitan pest, has been increasingly implicated in damage to grain crops in Australia. Among these, rapeseed, Brassica napus, appears especially at risk, but little information on F. auricularia as a grain pest is available. We tested the susceptibility of seven grain crops commonly grown in Australia to infestation by F. auricularia using closed microcosm experiments, exposing plant seedlings at two early growth stages to four different life stages of F. auricularia. Lucerne and rapeseed were shown to be the most vulnerable crops, and younger seedlings experienced significantly more damage than older seedlings across all crop types. Fourth instar F. auricularia were found to cause greater feeding damage than younger or older earwigs, while adults collected in winter generally caused more damage than those collected in summer. Surprisingly, even second instar F. auricularia caused greater damage than summer adults. This variation could reflect the ontogenetically dynamic nutritional needs of earwigs. Recent studies of F. auricularia's life cycle in southern Australia indicate that these damaging life stages have some overlap with sowing dates of the crops tested here, exposing their vulnerable seedling stage to infestation. The phenology of F. auricularia in southern Australia therefore partly drives its ability to act as a pest. Future monitoring will likely need to track the distribution of F. auricularia life stages in order to effectively mitigate risks to vulnerable crops.
Antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde, chitosan and high pressure processing against Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula
Authors: Cetin‐Karaca Hayriye , Morgan Melissa C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of trans‐cinnamaldehyde (TC) and chitosan (CH) along with high pressure processing (HPP) against Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula. HPP, with or without TC, and CH, was applied to reconstituted powdered infant formula with C. sakazakii. Microbiological and sensory analyses, pH, protein oxidation, and emulsion stability of each sample were determined. C. sakazakii was totally inactivated by HPP (600 MPa for 5 min), TC (0.05%) and CH (1%) combination after 4, 6, and 2 weeks of storage at 7, 23, and 45°C, respectively. All HPP treatments exhibited a minimum of 5.5 log CFU/ml reduction while the highest reductions with non‐HPP treatments were 2.1, 1.1, and 3.7 log CFU/ml at 7, 23, and 45°C storage, respectively. Although TC exhibited a cinnamon‐like taste, overall sensory attributes were not significantly different from the control samples. Remarkable deformation and damage in C. sakazakii cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy after the application of HPP and bioactive compounds.
Beyond Cognitive Screening: Establishing an Interprofessional Perioperative Brain Health Initiative
Authors: Decker Justyne , Kaloostian Carolyn L. , Gurvich Tatyana , Nguyen Phuong , Widjaja William , Cardona Hugo , Pagan Veronica , Motamed Arash , Peden Carol J. 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVEPerioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is now recognized as the most common postoperative complication in older surgical patients. Current multidisciplinary guidelines recommend simple cognitive screening of older adults before surgery. Patients identified at risk should have input from an interprofessional team with expertise caring for older surgical patients. Data suggest these recommendations are infrequently met. We set out to test feasibility of routine cognitive screening in a busy preoperative assessment clinic and establish a perioperative pathway with multidisciplinary support for patients identified at risk.METHODSWe undertook a prospective quality improvement study. A cohort of 1,803 older surgical patients scheduled for preoperative evaluation was screened with the Mini‐Cog© test. As the project developed, we began confirmatory neurocognitive testing by occupational therapists for those patients flagged at risk. Patients confirmed at risk were referred for further evaluation by a geriatrician and geriatric pharmacist. Alerts were developed to flag patients at risk through their in‐patient journey, and a multidisciplinary team developed a comprehensive care pathway.RESULTSWe demonstrated that implementing routine cognitive screening can be done in a busy clinic, regardless of prior experience. The prevalence of preoperative cognitive impairment was 21% in our older patients undergoing inpatient surgery, rising to 36% in those older than 85 years. When the Mini‐Cog results were not known to providers, they were unable to identify cognitive impairment in half of the patients, supporting the use of a validated screening test. We established an interprofessional team and pooled relevant recommendations into an age‐friendly perioperative care pathway for patients at increased cognitive risk.CONCLUSIONCognitive screening must be done to reliably identify older surgical patients at risk of PND. Demonstrating the prevalence of cognitive impairment in older surgical patients can provide impetus to develop a multidisciplinary team and care pathway with the aim of reducing the incidence of PNDs. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2359–2364, 2020.
Early Carboniferous HP metamorphism in the Hida Gaien Belt, Japan: Implications for the Palaeozoic tectonic history of proto‐Japan
Authors: Yoshida Takumi , Taguchi Tomoki , Ueda Hayato , Horie Kenji , Satish‐Kumar M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report two new eclogite localities (at Kanayamadani and Shinadani) in the high‐P(HP) metamorphic rocks of the Omi area in the western most region of Niigata Prefecture, Japan, which form part of the Hida Gaien Belt, and determine metamorphic conditions and pressure–temperature (P–T) paths. The metamorphic evolution of the eclogites is characterized by a tight hairpin‐shapedP–Tpath from prograde epidote–blueschist facies to peak eclogite facies and then retrograde blueschist facies. The prograde metamorphic stage is characterized by various amphibole (winchite, barroisite, glaucophane) inclusions in garnet, whereas the peak eclogite facies assemblage is characterized by omphacite, garnet, phengite and rutile. PeakP–Tconditions of the eclogites were estimated to be ~600°C and up to 2.0 GPa by conventional cation‐exchange thermobarometry, Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry and quartz inclusion Raman barometry respectively. However, the Raman spectra of carbonaceous material thermometry of metapelites associated with the eclogites gave lower peak temperatures, possibly due to metamorphism at different conditions before being brought together during exhumation. The blueschist facies overprint following the peak of metamorphism is recognized by the abundance of glaucophane in the matrix. Zircon grains in blueschist facies metasedimentary samples from two localities adjacent to the eclogites have distinct oscillatory‐zoned cores and overgrowth rims. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb ages of the detrital cores yield a wide range between 3,200 and 400 Ma, with a peak at 600–400 Ma. In the early Palaeozoic, proto‐Japan was located along the continental margin of the South China craton, providing the source of the older population of detrital zircon grains (3,200–600 Ma) deposited in the trench‐fill sediments. In addition, subduction‐related magmatismc. 500–400 Ma is recorded in the crust below proto‐Japan, which might have been the source for the younger detrital zircon grains. The peak metamorphic age was constrained by SHRIMP dating of the overgrowth rims, yielding Tournaisian ages of 347 ± 4 Ma, suggesting subduction in the early Carboniferous. Our results provide clear constraints on the initiation of subduction, accretion and the development of an arc‐trench system along the active continental margin of the South China craton and help to unravel the Palaeozoic tectonic history of proto‐Japan.