bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometric and Liquid Chromatographic Identification of 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine and Its N-Methyl and N-Ethyl Homologs
Authors: Noggle F Taylor , DeRuiter Jack , Long Melinda J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine (MDA) is an hallucinogenic drug that somewhat resembles lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in its effects. Recently, widespread abuse of the N-methyl homolog (MDMA) of MDA has led to federal control. This article reports on the synthesis of the N-ethyl homolog (MDEA) of MDA as well as spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods for identification of the 3 homologs.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ergot Alkaloids in Wheat
Authors: Ware George M , Carman Allen S , Francis Octave J , Kuan Shia S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the determination of individual ergot alkaloids in wheat. The sample is extracted with ethyl acetate-4% ammonium hydroxide (100 + 10), and the extract is cleaned up by liquidliquid partition. The ergot alkaloids are resolved by liquid chromatography (LC), using a porous cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin column and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.05M dibasic ammonium phosphate (55 + 45) buffered at pH 10.0. The ergot alkaloids ergonovine, ergonovinine, ergotamine, ergotaminine, α-ergocryptine, α-ergocryptinine, ergocristine, and ergocristinine are separated by LC and detected with a fluorescence detector. Recovery of ergot alkaloids added to wheat at levels of 16-760 ng/g averaged 85.6% with a coefficient of variation of 11.1%.
Improved Method for Extraction of Filth from Cheese
Authors: Gardiner Mary-Ann , Peace Diane McClymont 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An official AOAC method for detection of total filth in hard and soft cheese was modified to (a) achieve digestion of cheese at lower cost, (b) improve filtration rates, and (c) facilitate microscopic examination of the filth collected. The modifications involve a wet-sieving step, a reduction in the amounts of liquid filtered and pancreatin used, a detergent defatting step, and an acid boil step, if required. Average recoveries ranged from 85 to 100%. The method modifications should be collaboratively studied so changes in the official method can be recommended
Introduction to Microcomputers
Authors: Wagstaff D Jesse 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Use of microcomputers in integrating different types of scientific information is a natural extension in the development of means to store and communicate observations and ideas. These means include human language, writing, printing, and now electronic storage and communications. Those who are faced with decisions about buying and using microcomputers'and their programs should base their decisions on a clear picture of what observations and ideas are to be stored and what objectives are to be met in communication. General functions and principles of information storage and communication should be considered more than the details of particular models of computer equipment.
The Personal Computer as an Analytical Workstation: Integrating Standard Software Products
Authors: Cawley Jeffery L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The personal computer is a powerful scientific and administrative analytical tool. Commercial computer programs can be effectively combined to meet most data-handling and report-writing needs. The selection of specific computer equipment (hardware) and computer programs (software) should be based on a careful assessment of the flow of work in the data-handling, statistical analysis, and reportwriting phases of analytical projects and on an assessment of the time and training required of the users of the computer system. In most projects, data must be transferred between different hardware and software. The use of standard ASCII text files is recommended for data transfer.
Use of Computer-Aided Design in the Preparation of Technical Manuscripts
Authors: Roach John A G , Roach Nancy M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Decreased computing costs and constantly improving capability are transforming microcomputers into general rather than specialized productivity tools. This has made it possible to increase personal productivity in ways that were not previously cost-effective. We are using computer-aided design (CAD) to prepare technical illustrations for chemical and geochemical manuscripts. CAD offers several advantages over hand-drawn illustrations. Chemical structures are stored in a library of shapes and may be combined or modified to form other structures in subsequent drawings. An original drawing only has to be drawn once with a computer. The drawing may then be scaled to any size and placed in a draft of a manuscript. Revisions require a fraction of the time needed to revise a drawing by hand. All or part of the drawing may be plotted to provide a sequence of drawings without changing the original drawing.
Computer Assistance in Food Analysis
Authors: Dusold Laurence R , Roach John A G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Laboratory computer links are a key part of acquisition, movement, and interpretation of certain types of data. Remote information retrieval from databases such as the Chemical Information System provides the analyst with structural and toxicologicai information via a laboratory terminal. Remote processing of laboratory data by large computers permits the application of pattern recognition techniques to the solution of complex multivariate problems such as the detection of food adulteration.
Determination of Ampicillin in Serum by Using Simple Ultrafiltration Technique and Liquid Chromatographic Analysis
Authors: Hutchins James E , Tyczkowska Krystyna , Aronson Arthur L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new liquid chromatographic method for determination of ampicillin in canine and equine serum has been developed. The serum sample (500 μL) is vortex-mixed with 20% ethanol (500 μL) and filtered using a 30 000 molecular weight cutoff microseparation tube to separate high molecular weight solutes following low-speed centrifugation. Ampicillin is then separated from other serum components by reverse phase ion-pair liquid chromatography (LC). The ultraviolet (UV) absorbance of the column effluent is monitored at 230 nm. Recoveries of ampicillin from canine serum spiked at concentrations of 10, 40, and 60 μg/mL were 93.1,100.9, and 87.8%, respectively, with coefficients of variation (CVs) of 2.91, 3.08, and 4.08%, respectively. Recoveries of ampicillin from equine serum spiked at the same concentrations were 91.6, 90.1, and 88.7%, respectively, with CVs of 3.03, 2.61, and 3.35%, respectively. The limit of detection for ampicillin by this method is less than 0.5 μg/mL serum.
Computerized Semiautomated Microbiological Assay of Folacin
Authors: Keagy Pamela M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A semiautomated microbiological folacin assay system is described. microcomputer A controls sample dilutions, medium addition, turbidity determination, and data acquisition. Assay capacity is 600 tubes per day, approximately twice that of comparable manual assays. Using the automated equipment, more samples can be compared within one assay, eliminating many sources of between-assay variation in large studies. Additional advantages of this sytem are reduced human errors, flexibility of assay design, and multifunctional component equipment. Folacin results from chicken liver, spinach, and breakfast cereal samples show equivalent precision for manual and automated assays.
Methods of Analysis for Infant Formula: Food and Drug Administration and Infant Formula Council Collaborative Study, Phase III
Authors: Tanner James T , Barnett Stephen A ,   Collaborators:, Barnett S A , Beare-Rogers J L , Bueno M P , Chaudhari R , Eisenhardt W , Ellefson W , Ponto K , Reynolds S , Richards P , Soliman A G , Tanner J T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Phase III of the collaborative study of methods of assay for nutrients in infant formulas was conducted. The study included assay of chloride, phosphorus, proxiraates (ash, fat, protein, total solids, and carbohydrates), thiamine, total pantothenates, and vitamins A, Bu, and E. Most of the methods were those in Official Methods of Analysis, 13th edition, with slight modifications, or methods of the Infant Formula Council. On the basis of the results obtained by the collaborators, the methods for chloride, phosphorus, proximates, thiamine, and vitamin Bu have been adopted official first action. Methods for total pantothenates, vitamin A, and vitamin E were not recommended for adoption at this time because of anticipated improvements in methodology in the foreseeable future.
Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Salmonella in Foods: Collaborative Study
Authors: Flowers Russell S , Eckner Karl , Gabis Damien A , Robison Barbara J , Mattingly Jerome A , Silliker John H ,   Collaborators:, Bailey J , Bednar A , Chen K , Cirigliano M , Coschigano M , Deibel K , DonLevy T , Eckner K , Elliott P , Erickson J , Feldsworth M , Fenlon M , Finn S , Fischer G , Gaugert A , Givich K , Graham C , Guarino P , Hall P , Humber J , Jogan M , Jones W , Jost K , Koenig E , Lenovich L , Loudermilk L , Lynn T , Magno E , Miklovic G , Nemeth B , Nolan D , Posey D , Rasilewicz C , Risty N , Roberts B , Rogers J , Romick T , Clair V St , Sakai H , Schwenger K , Smittle D , Smoeger D , Sparks D , Sveum W , Tong M , Tremont D , Trailer J , Arman T Van , Way J Van , Wagner C , Wagner D , Walsh K , Worley N , Zari C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was performed in 25 laboratories to validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure utilizing 2 specific monoclonal antibodies for rapid detection of Salmonella in foods. The EIA was compared with the standard culture procedure for detection of Salmonella in 6 food types: ground black pepper, soy isolate, dried whole eggs, milk chocolate, nonfat dry milk, and raw deboned turkey, Uninoculated and inoculated samples were included in each food group analyzed, with the exception of poultry which was naturally contaminated. There was no significant difference in the productivity of the EIA and culture procedures at the 5% level for any of the 6 foods. The enzyme immunoassay screening method has been adopted official first action.
Thin Layer Chromatographic Detection and Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A in Beverages and Foods Following Reverse Phase Column Chromatography
Authors: Fujinuma Kenji , Saito Kazuo , Nakazato Mitsuo , Kikuchi Yoko , Ibe Akihiro , Nishima Taichiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for the detection and determination of stevioside and rebaudioside A in beverages and foods by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography (LC) is presented. Stevioside and rebaudioside A are extracted with water from a sample and purified by a reverse phase column chromatographic procedure using a silica gel 60 silanized column. The eluate from the column is concentrated to dryness, and the resulting residue is dissolved in 80% ethanol. For the detection, TLC is used, and spots of stevioside and rebaudioside A are visualized with anisaldehyde sulfuric acid reagent. Stevioside and rebaudioside A detected in samples are determined by LC with a Finepak SIL NH2 column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (200 + 45) containing tetrabutylammonium phosphate, which is added to achieve the separation from some interfering compounds. Recoveries from samples spiked at 10 and 100 ppm ranged from 97.8 to 100.3% (stevioside) and 96.3 to 99.7% (rebaudioside A).
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Carbofuran in Technical and Formulated Products: Collaborative Study
Authors: Kikta Edward J ,   Collaborators:, Bane E , Burns A , Christensen A , Cohen C J , Forrette J E , Glinski R , Hageman L R , Hitas P , Lonn P , McDevitt J B , Meinen V J , Moya H , Owen M E , Pavel K , Polli R , Roth M K , Schreiber M L , Skelly N E , Vaysse M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the analysis of technical and formulated carbofuran samples was evaluated in a collaborative study. Carbofuran is determined by reverse phase LC, using a water-methanol mobile phase and acetophenone as internal standard, and detected at 280 nm. Twelve samples, 5 formulations and technical matched pairs, were analyzed by 17 collaborating laboratories. Accuracy and variability of results are typical of large LC data sets. The method has been adopted official first action.
Quantitative Aqueous Ammonium Ion Analysis by Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Voort Frederick R Van De , Mills Bernice L , Paquette Guy A , Grunfeld Eva 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An investigation was undertaken to determine whether ammonium ion could be quantitated in aqueous solution by using commercially available infrared filter instruments such as the Multispec M1 analyzer. Ammonium salt solutions were scanned using an infrared spectrophotometer modified specifically to facilitate the study of aqueous systems and were shown to have 2 main absorption bands at 3.49 μm (2865 cm-1) and 6.89 μm (1451 cm-1). The 3.49 μm band did not correspond to any individual band noted in the literature and was concluded to be a composite of fundamental bands and Fermi resonances due to hydrogen bonding affecting the ion in solution. The response of the 6.89 μm band to NH4+ concentration was approximately twice that of the 3.49 μm band, and quantitation of the ammonium ion was assessed by the dual wavelength method as employed in filter-based commercial infrared analyzers. Good quantitation was obtained using 5.56 μm as a reference wavelength, and the slope of the standard curve of ammonium sulfate was not significantly affected by pH in the pH 3-8 region. A 6.86 μm sample filter and a 5.56 μm reference filter were installed in a Multispec M1 analyzer and a linear response was obtained for concentrations of up to 0.6% ammonium sulfate. Accurately weighed samples of ammonium sulfate were converted to ammonia by using the micro-Kjeldahl procedure and then distilled into standard acid, diluted to volume, and assessed by titration and transmission infrared analysis. The infrared method was more accurate than the titration method in replicating the initial weights. The measurement of ammonium ion in Kjeldahl distillates may be feasible as a method of protein determination if an inexpensive, simple, and dedicated instrument designed for this purpose were available.
Radioimmunoassay of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat and Corn
Authors: Xu Yi-Chun , Zhang Guang-Shi , Chu Fun Sun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
With the availability of antibody against deoxynivalenol triacetate (DONtriacetate), a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for DON in wheat was developed. DON is extracted from the sample with acetonitrile-water (84 + 16), defatted with hexane, and then reacted with acetic anhydride to form DON-triacetate. The reaction mixture is loaded onto a C-18 cartridge to remove excess reagents and impurities. Acetylated DON is eluted from the cartridge with 50% methanol in water, and then analyzed by radioimmunoassay utilizing antiserum against DON-triacetate and tritiated DON-triacetate. Overall recovery for DON added to wheat between 50 and 5000 ppb was 86% with a standard deviation of 7% and coefficient of variation of 8%. The limit of detection for DON was about 20 ppb. Analysis of 12 naturally contaminated wheat, corn, and mixed feed samples for DON revealed that RIA results agreed well with thin layer chromatographic analyses performed by other laboratories.
Acid Hydrolysis of Proteins for Chromatographic Analysis of Amino Acids
Authors: Zumwalt Robert W , Absheer Joseph S , Kaiser Floyd E , Gehrke Charles W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The conditions used to hydrolyze proteins are vital in determining amino acid compositions because they necessarily represent a compromise aimed at yielding the best estimate of amino acid composition. Variations in ease of peptide bond cleavage, differences in amino acid stabilities, and matrix effects from nonproteinaceous components all militate against a single set of hydrolysis conditions that quantitatively hydrolyze every peptide bond and concurrently cause no destruction of any amino acid. This presentation summarizes and reviews an extensive study which evaluated a number of variations in the techniques and procedures of the classical 6N HC1, 110°C, 24 h hydrolysis of protein. The objectives of the recent investigation were: (/) to compare hydrolysis at 145°C, 4 h with 110°C, 24 h for proteins in a wide range of different sample matrixes; (2) to compare protein hydrolysis at 110°C, 24 h conducted in sealed glass ampoules after vacuum removal of air with hydrolysis in glass tubes with Teflon-lined screw caps after removal of air by vacuum, nitrogen purge, and sonication; (3) to evaluate a performic acid oxidation procedure before hydrolysis for the analysis of cystine and methionine in the different sample matrixes; (4) to evaluate multiple hydrolysis times at 145°C; (5) to evaluate the variation of interlaboratory hydrolysates prepared at 145°C, 4 h in 2 different laboratories on the amino acid analysis of an array of protein-containing matrixes. The major sources of inaccuracy and lack of precision arising from the application of ion-exchange or gas chromatography, both of which provide excellent accuracy and precision, are prechromatographic sample handling and the method used for hydrolysis of the protein sample itself. Hydrolysate preparation is the area that requires the most attention to solve problems of variability of amino acid analyses.
Determination of Sodium Dioctylsulfosuccinate in Dry Beverage Bases by Liquid Chromatography with Post-Column Ion-Pair Extraction and Absorbance Detection
Authors: Lawrence James F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (DSS) is extracted as an ion pair with methylene blue from finished drinks prepared from dry beverage bases. The complex is quantitatively determined colorimetrically in chloroform-acetone solution by a standard procedure. DSS is specifically identified by analyzing an aliquot of the extract by reverse phase liquid chromatography (LC). The compound is detected by using a simple post-column dynamic extraction system in which DSS is extracted from the aqueous mobile phase into chloroform as a methylene blue ion pair. The chloroform phase passes through the absorbance detector for measurement at 546 nm (filter detector). The absolute detection limit was 5-10 ng DSS, while in beverage bases as low as 0.1 μg/g was detected. Extraction of the beverage bases with mobile phase followed by filtration and direct LC analysis with the described system was also successful, although not evaluated on a routine basis.
Effects of Freezing on Nitrite Stability in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Muneta Paul , Jasman Richard , Reid Luanne M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The effects of freezing on nitrite stability in microbial cultures and in other liquid media were examined. Nitrite (12-13 mg (NO2)N/ 100 mL, pH 5.7) in culture and aqueous media was very unstable during frozen storage. Freezing resulted in the degradation of nitrite to other products including nitrate. Losses of 38-57% of the nitrite occurred after 15 days of frozen storage. Neither addition of chloroform nor a 5 min boiling treatment before freezing prevented nitrite destruction. However, nitrite concentration in the unfrozen portion of aqueous media increased during the freezing process. Nitrite can be stabilized during frozen storage by increasing the pH to near 11.0. For aqueous solutions, nitrite can be preserved by the use of chloroform or by increasing the pH to 11.0 and storing at 5°C.
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydralazine Hydrochloride in Tablets Following Derivatization with Nitrite
Authors: Mopper Barry 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Routine use of the USP XXI spectrophotometric method for the content uniformity determination of hydralazine hydrochloride tablets has shown that tablet excipients can significantly alter the spectral characteristics of the drug and thus cause inaccurate assay values to be obtained. Because of this problem, a simple and reliable alternative spectrophotometric assay method, based on the conversion of hydralazine to tetrazolo [5,l-α]phthalazine with nitrite ions under acidic conditions, was developed. The derivative showed an absorption maximum at about 274 nm and obeyed Beer's law over the concentration range 4-40 μg/mL. Mean recoveries of hydralazine hydrochloride added to commercial coated and uncoated tablets were 101.0% (n = 10) and 100.8% (n = 8), respectively. The proposed method was found suitable for the assay not only of individual tablets but also of tablet composites
Phosphorus in Wine: Comparison of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Methods
Authors: Chow Helen , Gump Barry H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Phosphorus in wine may be determined directly or indirectly by atomic absorption spectrometry. The direct method uses the carbon rod atomizer as the excitation source and a phosphorus hollow cathode lamp. In the indirect determination, one measures the amount of molybdenum that will complex with phosphorus in the wine. Both nitrous oxide-acetylene and air-acetylene flames are suitable as atomization sources in this indirect method. The resultant data have been compared with those from the AOAC colorimetric method (11.032-11.034). A 2-sample comparison test showed the results to be insignificantly different at the 95% confidence limits.
Determination of Soy in Meat
Authors: Berkowitz David B , Webert Donald W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A number of methods may be used for determining soy flour in meat products. Highly purified soy products are more difficult to determine because the nonprotein components used to quantify the flour are reduced. Immunoassays have been used to directly measure protein content of soy products. Immunological methods for determination of soy proteins in meat are complicated by changes in the structure of the soy proteins during processing. These changes alter the available epitopes, changing the immunoreactivity of soy proteins. The epitopes available are dictated by the details of the processing. Other workers circumvented this problem by denaturing the soy protein with urea and mercaptoethanol, and then removing these agents by dialysis; whatever the initial protein conformation, all soy samples came to the same final conformation after the denaturing agents were removed. The assay used antibody made against the "renatured protein." These steps made the assay long and laborious. Attempts to develop a rapid assay were complicated by the same protein denaturation problems. Sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis coupled with immunoblotting may be the best quantitative approach.
Marine Fish as Source of Protein Supplement in Meat
Authors: Rasekh Jamshyd G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For the past 2 decades, a great deal of research has been done in fish technology, particularly in the area of mechanically deboned minced fish. Minced fish is the edible muscle flesh of fish that has been mechanically separated from the bones and skin. Ideally, the product is prepared from a high quality fish and resembles hamburger meat. In its final form, minced fish is used either as an ingredient or as an extender in seafood or in food products that require further processing. On the basis of technological advancements, the National Marine Fisheries Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce and the National Fisheries Institute jointly petitioned the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1980 to add minced fish at a level of 15% in the meat formulation of frankfurters. This paper explores certain aspects of processing, production, acceptance, and hazard assessment of minced fish ingredients as possible protein supplements in meat and poultry food products relative to this request