bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are trust and satisfaction similar in dental care settings?
Authors: Song YoungHa , Luzzi Liana , Chrisopoulos Sergio , Brennan David S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTrust and satisfaction in dental care settings are salient constructs to operationalize the concept of dentist‐patient relationships (DPR). This study aimed to compare the similarity of both constructs with regard to factor structure and revise the scales for better psychometric properties.MethodsData analysed in the study were collected in self‐complete questionnaires from a random sample of 4011 adults living in South Australia. Trust and satisfaction were assessed using the Dentist Trust Scale and the Dental Care Satisfaction scale. Items in the scales were initially examined with a split‐half sample in exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis. Factor structures of different model designs were tested on the other half sample in confirmatory factor analysis. The final model was cross‐validated on the first half sample for structural invariance.ResultsExploratory factor analysis revealed a three‐factor structure consisting of ‘trust’, ‘satisfaction’ and ‘distrust/dissatisfaction’ (60.2% of the variance explained; Cronbach's α = 0.94, 0.81, 0.73, respectively). Cluster analysis supported the factor solution with the same three major clusters except for a single‐item independent branch of the ‘cost’ domain from the satisfaction scale. The final model was designed with two correlated but distinct factors, ‘trust’ and ‘satisfaction’, with the modification of one inter‐item covariance and deleting the least associated item (GFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.06). The stability of the final model was achieved through cross‐validation (P = .143, ∆CFI < 0.001).ConclusionsTrust and satisfaction in dental care settings are unidimensionally different yet highly correlated factors concurrently. Demonstrating the discriminant and complementary functions of both constructs can justify the rationale to apply them together in further studies for DPR.
Occupational airborne contact urticaria, anaphylaxis and asthma in farmers and agronomists due to Bruchus pisorum
Authors: Armentia Alicia , Alvarez Rafael , Moreno‐González Víctor , Martín Blanca , Fernández Sara , Martín Sara , Moro Angela , Vega Jose M , Barrios Abel , Castillo Miriam , Pineda Fernando 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOccupational contact urticaria due to inhalation of legume pest allergens has rarely been described.ObjectiveTo determine the cause of an outbreak of airborne contact urticaria, asthma, and anaphylaxis in farmers and agronomists studying the disinsectization of dried peas. Peas were treated with aluminum phosphide (EPA).MethodsExtracts prepared from Bruchus lentis and Bruchus pisorum bodies and from healthy legumes, EPA‐treated legumes, and infested legumes, were used for in vivo tests (skin prick testing, oral, and specific bronchial challenge for the diagnosis of asthma and anaphylaxis) in affected patients and in five control patients with severe legume hypersensitivity. Open application, patch testing with the most common legume insecticides, molecular analysis, and IgE immunoblotting were undertaken.ResultsWe found positive responses (prick, provocation, immune detection) to parasitic pea extracts and B. pisorum. A 25 kDa band was detected in the western blot of all patients who worked with infested EPA‐treated peas. Bands from B. pisorum extract were detected in all patients. No responses to pea allergens were found in any patient, unlike in legume allergy controls. Oral provocation tests were negative.ConclusionB. pisorum is a cause of contact urticaria and may cause occupational hives, anaphylaxis, and asthma. The allergen may enter by inhalation or puncture of setae released by B. pisorum.
Incentivizing co‐management for impact: mechanisms driving the successful national expansion of Tonga's Special Management Area program
Authors: Smallhorn‐West Patrick F. , Sheehan Jason , Malimali Siola'a , Halafihi Tuikolongahau , Bridge Tom C. L. , Pressey Robert L. , Jones Geoffrey P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe expansion of coastal marine protected areas can suffer from two key drawbacks: (a) the difficulty of incentivizing local communities to manage areas for conservation when their livelihoods also depend on resource use; and (b) that many protected areas get situated residually, or in locations with limited value for either biodiversity conservation or livelihoods. Here, we discuss and analyze key characteristics of Tonga's Special Management Area (SMA) program, including both the mechanisms that have motivated its successful national expansion and its ability to configure no‐take reserves in areas that are considered to have high value to resource users. Granting communities exclusive access zones in exchange for implementing no‐take reserves has encouraged conservation actions while fostering long‐term relationships with resources. Ensuring no‐take reserves occurred within the boundaries of exclusive access zones enabled communities to protect areas of greater extractive values than they would have otherwise. We conclude that the success of this program offers a way forward for achieving targets in the global expansion marine protected areas.
Modifying the tumour microenvironment and reverting tumour cells: New strategies for treating malignant tumours
Authors: Cheng Ya Qi , Wang Shou Bi , Liu Jia Hui , Jin Lin , Liu Ying , Li Chao Yang , Su Ya Ru , Liu Yu Run , Sang Xuan , Wan Qi , Liu Chang , Yang Liu , Wang Zhi Chong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in tumour fate determination. The TME acts together with the genetic material of tumour cells to determine their initiation, metastasis and drug resistance. Stromal cells in the TME promote the growth and metastasis of tumour cells by secreting soluble molecules or exosomes. The abnormal microenvironment reduces immune surveillance and tumour killing. The TME causes low anti‐tumour drug penetration and reactivity and high drug resistance. Tumour angiogenesis and microenvironmental hypoxia limit the drug concentration within the TME and enhance the stemness of tumour cells. Therefore, modifying the TME to effectively attack tumour cells could represent a comprehensive and effective anti‐tumour strategy. Normal cells, such as stem cells and immune cells, can penetrate and disrupt the abnormal TME. Reconstruction of the TME with healthy cells is an exciting new direction for tumour treatment. We will elaborate on the mechanism of the TME to support tumours and the current cell therapies for targeting tumours and the TME—such as immune cell therapies, haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation therapies, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfer and embryonic stem cell‐based microenvironment therapies—to provide novel ideas for producing breakthroughs in tumour therapy strategies.
A cross‐sectional analysis of electronic cigarette use in US adults by asthma status
Authors: Tran Lam , Tran Phoebe , Tran Liem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveElectronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use has been shown to worsen the asthma symptoms, but there is little information on current e‐cigarette use patterns in the general US adult asthma population. We examined the unadjusted and adjusted estimates of current e‐cigarette use in a nationally representative sample of US adults by asthma status and what factors influence this use.MethodsWe determined the prevalence of current e‐cigarette use in adults with and without asthma using the 2016‐2018 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System datasets. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to obtain adjusted estimates of e‐cigarette use by asthma status while also identifying which sociodemographic and clinical factors are associated with e‐cigarette use in adults with asthma.ResultsOf the 23,071 adults with asthma in the study, 22.5% were currently using e‐cigarettes. After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with asthma and current e‐cigarette use, adults with asthma had similar odds of every day e‐cigarette use (odds ratio (OR): 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93‐1.15) but higher odds of e‐cigarette use on some days (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.27) compared to adults without asthma. Younger age, male sex and former or current traditional cigarette use were significantly associated with both e‐cigarette use on some days and every day in adults with asthma.ConclusionCurrent e‐cigarette use estimates among US adults with asthma indicate a need for further e‐cigarette education and cessation interventions that are specifically tailored to sociodemographic and clinical groups who are especially prone to e‐cigarette use within this population.
Attenuated early inflammatory response in solid organ recipients with COVID‐19
Authors: Bösch Florian , Börner Nikolaus , Kemmner Stephan , Lampert Christopher , Jacob Sven , Koliogiannis Dionysios , Stangl Manfred , Michel Sebastian , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Schneider Christian , Fischereder Michael , Irlbeck Michael , Denk Gerald , Werner Jens , Angele Martin K. , Guba Markus O. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImmunosuppression leaves transplanted patients at particular risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. The specific features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in immunosuppressed patients are largely unknown and therapeutic experience is lacking. Seven transplanted patients (two liver, three kidneys, one double lung, one heart) admitted to the Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich because of COVID‐19 and tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 were included. The clinical course and the clinical findings were extracted from the medical record. The two liver transplant patients and the heart transplant patient had an uncomplicated course and were discharged after 14, 18, and 12 days, respectively. Two kidney transplant recipients were intubated within 48 hours. One kidney and the lung transplant recipients were required to intubate after 10 and 15 days, respectively. Immunosuppression was adapted in five patients, but continued in all patients. Compared to non‐transplanted patients at the ICU (n = 19) the inflammatory response was attenuated in transplanted patients, which was proven by decreased IL‐6 blood values. This analysis might provide evidence that continuous immunosuppression is safe and probably beneficial since there was no hyperinflammation evident. Although transplanted patients might be more susceptible to an infection with SARS‐CoV‐2, their clinical course seems to be similar to immunocompetent patients.
Use and validation of a survey tool to measure the perceived effectiveness of insulin prescribing safety interventions in UK hospitals
Authors: Bain A. , Hasan S. S. , Kavanagh S. , Babar Z.‐U.‐D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe the use and validation of a survey tool to elicit the opinion of hospital pharmacists and medicines safety officers in the UK regarding the perceived effectiveness of strategies to improve insulin prescribing safety in hospitals.MethodsOne respondent from each participating organization completed the survey on behalf of the main acute hospital in their trust (n = 92). A five‐point Likert scale was used to determine opinion on how effective 22 different interventions were at promoting insulin safety at the respondent’s trust. The tool, the Perception of Effectiveness of Prescribing Safety Interventions for Insulin (PEPSII) questionnaire, underwent content validity testing. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha (α).ResultsThe PEPSII questionnaire demonstrated good reliability (α = 0.867). Outreach team review and mandatory insulin education were the highest‐scoring interventions; the insulin passport was amongst the lowest scoring interventions. Most interventions were considered more effective by trusts using them compared to those who didn't, except for self‐administration policies, electronic prescribing and the insulin passport.ConclusionsThe perceived effectiveness of a variety of insulin prescribing safety strategies in UK hospitals was described by leveraging a purposely developed survey tool. The results describe current levels of support for recommended interventions, and may facilitate the direction of both local and national insulin prescribing safety improvement efforts.
Bleeding risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome in a Turkish population: Results from the Turkish Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry (TACSER) study
Authors: Avci Eyüp , Kiriş Tuncay , Akgün Didar Elif , Celik Aykan , Akçay Filiz Akyildiz , Acar Burak , Kurmuş Özge , Altındag Rojuva , Safak Özgen , Demirtas Abdullah Orhan , Güzel Tuncay , Öztürk Önder , Yildirim Tarik , Yüksek Umit , Ergene Asim Oktay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveBleeding is one of the most important causes of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study therefore aimed to investigate bleeding risk in patients with ACS who were scheduled to receive dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in Turkey.MethodsThis was a multicentre, observational, cross‐sectional cohort study. The study population included 963 patients with ACS from 12 centres in Turkey. We used the Predicting Bleeding Complication in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (PRECISE‐DAPT) score to predict the bleeding risk for all the patients. The patients were divided into high (≥25) or low (˂25) bleeding risk groups based on their PRECISE‐DAPT scores.ResultsThe mean PRECISE‐DAPT score was 21.9. Overall, 32.2% of the patients had high PRECISE‐DAPT scores (≥25). Compared with the male patients, the female patients had higher PRECISE‐DAPT scores (28.2 ± 15.7 vs 18.4 ± 13.6, P ˂ .001). Among the females, the rate of patients with a PRECISE‐DAPT score ≥25 was 53%, while among the male patients, the score occurred at a rate of 22%. The female patients had lower haemoglobin (Hb) levels than the male patients (12.1 ± 1.7 vs 13.8 ± 1.9, P ˂ .001) and lower creatinine clearance (70.7 ± 27.5 vs 88.7 ± 26.3, P ˂ .001). The in‐hospital bleeding rates were higher among the patients with high PRECISE‐DAPT scores than among those who did not have high scores. Furthermore, the patients with high PRECISE‐DAPT scores had a higher in‐hospital mortality rate compared with those with low PRECISE‐DAPT scores (1% vs 0%, P = .11).ConclusionsThe mean PRECISE‐DAPT score was high among the patients with ACS in this study, indicating that the bleeding tendency was high. This study showed that the PRECISE‐DAPT score may help physicians determine the type and duration of DAPT, especially in patients with ACS in Turkey.
COVID‐19 and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Two intersecting pandemics
Authors: Portincasa Piero , Krawczyk Marcin , Smyk Wiktor , Lammert Frank , Di Ciaula Agostino 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInitial evidence from China suggests that most vulnerable subjects to COVID‐19 infection suffer from pre‐existing illness, including metabolic abnormalities. The pandemic characteristics and high‐lethality rate of COVID‐19 infection have raised concerns about interactions between virus pathobiology and components of the metabolic syndrome.MethodsWe harmonized the information from the recent existing literature on COVID‐19 acute pandemic and mechanisms of damage in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as an example of chronic (non‐communicable) metabolic pandemic.ResultsCOVID‐19‐infected patients are more fragile with underlying metabolic illness, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, chronic lung diseases (e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema) and metabolic syndrome. During metabolic abnormalities, expansion of metabolically active fat ('overfat condition') parallels chronic inflammatory changes, development of insulin resistance and accumulation of fat in configuring NAFLD. The deleterious interplay of inflammatory pathways chronically active in NAFLD and acutely in COVID‐19‐infected patients, can explain liver damage in a subgroup of patients and might condition a worse outcome in metabolically compromised NAFLD patients. In a subgroup of patients with NAFLD, the underlying liver fibrosis might represent an additional and independent risk factor for severe COVID‐19 illness, irrespective of metabolic comorbidities.ConclusionsNAFLD can play a role in the outcome of COVID‐19 illness due to frequent association with comorbidities. Initial evidences suggest that increased liver fibrosis in NAFLD might affect COVID‐19 outcome. In addition, long‐term monitoring of post‐COVID‐19 NAFLD patients is advisable, to document further deterioration of liver damage. Further studies are required in this field.
Effect of thickness and occlusal accommodation on the degree of satisfaction with mouthguard use among water polo players: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Flores‐Figueiras Carla , Zamora‐Olave Carla , Willaert Eva , Martinez‐Gomis Jordi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground/AimThe optimal mouthguard type and design for each player and sport are currently unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of using a thicker custom‐made mouthguard with occlusal accommodation on the degree of satisfaction among water polo players.Material and MethodsTwenty‐five elite water polo players participated in this randomized four‐period crossover trial conducted from February to May 2019. For each participant, two customized mouthguards were fabricated using 4‐mm ethyl vinyl acetate foil: Type A included no occlusal accommodation, and Type B included a 2‐mm occlusal accommodation. Players wore each mouthguard during training sessions and competitions for 2 weeks in one of two randomized sequences. After each match or training session, players were asked to evaluate the mouthguards on 10‐point scales across three domains: discomfort or interference with function, protection, and general satisfaction. Mouthguard preference was also recorded.ResultsThe mouthguard with occlusal accommodation was reported to interfere more with speech and swallowing (P < .001) and with esthetics, breathing, and athletic performance (P < .05) compared with the conventional mouthguard. Although occlusal accommodation was associated with a higher perceived degree of protection (mean difference 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2‐0.8), players were still more satisfied with the conventional mouthguard (mean difference 1.5; 95% CI: 0.8‐2.3). Two players preferred the occlusal mouthguard, whereas 22 preferred the conventional mouthguard (P = .007).ConclusionsAmong water polo players, occlusal accommodation increasing the thickness of the custom‐made mouthguards may offer a greater perceived sense of protection, but this comes at the cost of greater discomfort and reduced overall satisfaction. Dentists can recommend conventional mouthguards for most water polo players.
Sickle cell trait and the potential risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019—A mini‐review
Authors: Kehinde Tawakalitu Abosede , Osundiji Mayowa Azeez 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a rapidly evolving public health problem. The severity of COVID‐19 cases reported hitherto has varied greatly from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and thromboembolism with subsequent mortality. An improved understanding of risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes may shed some light on novel personalized approaches to optimize clinical care in vulnerable populations. Emerging trends in the United States suggest possibly higher mortality rates of COVID‐19 among African Americans, although detailed epidemiological study data is pending. Sickle cell disease (SCD) disproportionately affects Black/African Americans in the United States as well as forebearers from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Western Hemisphere (South America, the Caribbean, and Central America), and some Mediterranean countries. The carrier frequency for SCD is high among African Americans. This article underscores the putative risks that may be associated with COVID‐19 pneumonia in sickle cell trait as well as potential opportunities for individualized medical care in the burgeoning era of personalized medicine.
Time trends and patient selection in the use of continuous electrocardiography for detecting atrial fibrillation after stroke: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lyckhage L. F. , Hansen M. L. , Butt J. H. , Hilmar Gislason G. , Gundlund A. , Wienecke T. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeClinical use of continuous electrocardiography (cECG) for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF) after stroke is unclear. In a Danish nationwide cohort, we described post‐stroke time trends in outpatient cECG usage and AF incidence and characterized factors associated with cECG use.MethodsPatients without AF discharged after their first ischaemic stroke between 2010 and 2016 were identified from Danish nationwide registries. cECG included Holter or event recording within 120 days from discharge. Cumulative incidence analysis and multivariable adjusted logistic regression were used to assess time trends and factors associated with cECG usage and AF.ResultsThe study population comprised 39 641 patients. Cumulative use of cECG increased threefold from 3.3% [95% confidence intervals (CI), 2.8–3.8] in 2010 to 10.5% (95% CI, 9.7–11.3) in 2016. Correspondingly, cumulative incidence of post‐stroke AF increased from 1.9% (95% CI, 1.5–2.3) to 2.8% (95% CI, 2.4–3.2). Of all cECG‐evaluated patients, 6.3% received an AF diagnosis versus 2.2% of the unevaluated. Receiving cECG was associated with increased odds of AF (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.8–4.0). Lower age, milder strokes and less comorbidity were associated with increased odds of receiving cECG. In contrast, risk factors for AF were increasing age and more comorbidity.ConclusionsPost‐stroke outpatient cECG use and AF incidence have increased over time, but screening rates were low. cECG use was associated with tripled odds of detecting AF. There was a disparity between factors associated with cECG use and risk factors of AF. This raise questions as to the appropriateness of the current clinical approach to post‐stoke AF detection.
Light‐microscopic examinations of sperm in several lineages of Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): Implications for the evolution of sperm conjugation
Authors: Sasakawa Kôji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSperm show marked morphological diversity, but the processes and mechanisms driving this diversity have not been fully elucidated. The beetle family Carabidae represents a potential model system for studying sperm trait evolution. In this study, sperm traits (mainly conjugation and sperm conjugate gross morphology) of 42 species from nine subfamilies of Carabidae were examined using light microscopy. Except in Harpalinae, the type of conjugation was shared by all members of a particular subfamily: in Carabinae, Elaphrinae, Patrobinae and Brachinae, sperm conjugates were observed in which variable numbers of sperm clumped together; in Nebriinae, Cicindelinae and Trechinae, sperm were not organized as conjugates but were present individually; and in Broscinae, both individual sperm and sperm conjugates were observed. In the remaining subfamily, Harpalinae, sperm conjugates were formed in most species, but a loss of conjugation was observed in some species. Mapping the observed sperm traits onto within‐family molecular phylogenetic trees suggested that sperm conjugation was ancestral, with loss of conjugation evolving in several lineages. In sperm conjugates, a short spermatostyle (the axis of sperm conjugates) was the ancestral state, while a long spermatostyle evolved in subsequent lineages. In the long spermatostyle trait, the flexible type without a conspicuous 3D structure was ancestral, while the type with a conspicuous 3D structure, such as the spiral structure, evolved in derived lineages.