bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preeclamsia: prevalencia y factores asociados en gestantes de una institución de salud de Boyacá en el periodo 2015 a 2017
Authors: Salamanca-Sánchez Andrea Liseth , Nieves-Díaz Laura Alejandra , Arenas-Cárdenas Yury Marcela 
Published: July 2020

La Preeclampsia es un trastorno hipertensivo en gestantes tratado como una patología multisistémica que genera cambios vasculares y hemodinámicos. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a Preeclampsia en gestantes en una Institución de Salud en los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo analítico de corte transversal en gestantes de una Institución de Salud en los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Se obtuvieron 2531 gestantes de la base de datos y se realizó un análisis de diferencias de medias por ANOVA y un análisis multivariado con regresión logística para calcular el OR con un IC al 95 % y un P <0,05. En este estudio no se publica información que pueda vincular a las pacientes. Resultados: La prevalencia de Preeclampsia fue de 3,5 % y factores de riesgo asociados como la edad de 35 años o más, que tuvieron 5,2 veces más probabilidad de tener Preeclampsia en comparación con las menores de 35 años (OR: 5,2; IC 95 %: 3,258-8,335). Las gestantes que tienen riesgo psicosocial alto tuvieron 2,1 veces más probabilidad de presentar Preeclampsia en comparación con las que tienen un riesgo psicosocial bajo (OR: 2,134; IC 95 %: 1,380-3,300). Conclusión: Se encontró prevalencia de Preeclampsia del 3,5 % y se determinó que la edad es un factor de riesgo para sufrir Preeclampsia, en especial mayores de 35 años
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH ADJUVANTS ON DIRECT REGENERATION OF MOHAMMADI FLOWER (Rosa damascena Mill.) USING THIN CELL LAYERING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Mirshahi Homa , Mahdinezhad Nafiseh , Soloki Mahmoud , Samiei Leili 
Published: July 2020

Regeneration is one of the most important methods in the massive proliferation of ornamental plants through micropropagation and genetic modification. Thin cell layering (TCL) technique, is a new introduction of micropropagation efficiency in producing optimized mass scale of crops. The horizontally placed TCL explants (tTCLs) was examined in Van der Salm (VS) basal medium in combination with different plant adjuvants (proline, glutamic acid, casein hydrolysate) to investigate their effect on callus induction and shoot regeneration of the explants. In order to produce healthy propagules of Rosa damascena Mill. on a large scale, a new cost-effective method of tissue culture has been established. The results indicated the positive effect of proline (0.5 gr/l) and glutamic acid (300 mg/l) in both callus induction and regeneration stage. Also, in rooting phase, different concentrations of IBA and NAA (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 mg/l) in basal ½ Van der Salm (VS) medium were tested. It was observed that the best results were related to 0.3 mg/l IBA + 0.3 mg/l NAA in ½ Van der Salm (VS) medium.
Using Municipal Tourism Assets for Leveraging Local Economic Development in South Africa
Authors: Rogerson Christian M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tourism development can be a vital component of place-based development initiatives in the global South. The nexus of tourism and place-based development thinking in the global South and of the role of local governments is only beginning to be investigated by tourism scholars. This article explores the record of using tourism assets in one South African local municipality for leveraging local economic development. Evidence is drawn from the experience of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality in South Africa's Eastern Cape province. The research results point to an unimpressive record on the part of local government in directing the use of local assets for assisting tourism development. Several challenges are revealed to explain the underperformance of potentially valuable local assets in this municipality. Institutional and governance shortcomings, including widespread corruption, underpin the observed weaknesses both in the everyday workings of local government in relation to service delivery and infrastructure support as well as its inability to implement plans for local economic development. Well-meaning policies proposed for tourism development are not implemented variously for reasons of funding, lack of local support, lack of entrepreneurialism by the municipality and lack of ability to implement because of capacity issues. Potential state assets which could bolster tourism and local development outcomes are not being realized and in many cases the assets themselves are in a state of deterioration because of neglect.
Assessing the level of greening in a major city: subjective and objective evaluation on the example of the city of Kyiv
Authors: Pleshkanovska Alla Mikhailivna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One of the ways to ensure the sustainable development of settlements is to improve comfort of living in urban areas. The formation of a developed landscaping system is one of the priorities of modern city development and provides an opportunity to realise the main functions of green areas of public use – ecological, historical, cultural, urban and social. Sufficiency or insufficiency of green areas is determined by indicators both objective (the level or area of landscaping per person), and subjective (the feeling of green space and comfort of urban areas). This study addresses both of these aspects. Significant differences in the findings of sociological surveys conducted earlier were also analysed. Residents of the city of Kyiv completed a questionnaire, which evaluated not only the existing greening system of the city, but also the perceived priority directions for its improvement. Four main criteria for assessing the quality of landscaping elements are proposed – environmental friendliness, contact, accessibility and attractiveness.
Adaptation of TIMES Model Structure to Industrial, Commercial and Residential Sectors
Authors: Jaunzems Dzintars , Pakere Ieva , Allena-Ozoliņa Signe , Freimanis Ritvars , Blumberga Andra , Bažbauers Gatis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
National energy sector management differs from country to country. Therefore, it is important to develop country-specific energy models to analyse the energy demand, structure and potential policy instruments. The paper presents a pathway for adaption and improvement of the standard TIMES model structure to the specific country requirements. The analysis is based on a three-sector (industrial, commercial and residential) case study of Latvia. Literature review presents experience of other research when developing different energy models as well as adapting the TIMES model structure. The main results show a distribution of the final energy consumption and the validation of the obtained results of the sectors studied. Method and intermediate results presented in the paper are part of an ongoing modelling process of Latvia’s energy sector.
GHG Performance Evaluation in Green Deal Context
Authors: Zlaugotne Beate , Ievina Linda , Azis Reinis , Baranenko Denis , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recently introduced European Green Deal has set a target for Europe to become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. This ambitious commitment will bring a serious challenge for the EU. However, the degree of this challenge will not be the same to all EU member states. In this paper, the multi-criteria decision analysis is applied to rank eight selected EU countries (Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Finland and Sweden) regarding GHG performance, and thus illustrate different starting points of the transition to carbon-neutrality. In parallel to the widely used indicator of GHG emissions per capita, evaluation incorporates various other criteria covering energy consumption, population size, and the use of renewable energy and fossil fuel, as well as investment and tax rates. TOPSIS analysis shows that the best GHG performance is achieved by Sweden, while Latvia ranks the lowest. The presented evaluation method could be a useful tool in planning implementation of policies to reach Green Deal settings on European, as well as on a national level.
Solar Facade Module for Nearly Zero Energy Building. Extended Test Period
Authors: Mols Toms , Vanaga Ruta , Blumberga Andra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study presented in this paper is a continued research of preceding tests of small-scale passive solar wall module to explore 1) the behaviour of solar wall module in various setups for an extended 48-hour period of time, and 2) the performance of solar module with and without fine metal wires as heat exchange enhancers. Eight different solar wall module setups were assembled and tested in a precisely controlled environment. The study reassures observations and conclusions made in previous research and provides new conclusions. Modules that can harvest more solar radiation in the charging phase are exposed to higher heat losses at the discharge phase to the external environment. Module setups that reach stable heat flow fast and respectively melt PCM volume effectively, create a problem of not managing to harvest more of the available solar radiation.
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Methods Comparison
Authors: Zlaugotne Beate , Zihare Lauma , Balode Lauma , Kalnbalkite Antra , Khabdullin Aset , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is widely used to solve various decision problems through alternative evaluation. MCDA methods can be used in every field that can define a problem, alternatives and criteria. However, finding the appropriate method can influence the results, in this research five MCDA methods have been tested on the renewable energy sector in Latvia to find the best alternative. The main results showed that TOPSIS, VIKOR and PROMETHEE-GAIA have similar priority selection and the highest ranking was selected for hydropower plant, but MULTIMOORA and COPRAS results were beneficial to Solar PV.
Selection of Remote Phosphor Led Packages for Improving Luminous Flux
Authors: Chen Ming Jui , Lee Hsiao-Yi , Quoc Anh Nguyen Doan , Nguyen Thi Phuong Loan , Le Van Tho 
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the first issue presented and analyzed by several experiments is the influence of the distance between phosphor layers in the dual-layer and triple-layer remote package on luminous flux and color rendering property. During the simulation, it was realized that it was possible to create a suitable distance to create higher quality white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) by adjusting the distance between the phosphor layers. According to the study results, 0.1 mm is the most reasonable distance between two phosphor layers so that the performance of the multi-chip white light LED (MCW LED) can get the best optimal effect. Through a series of experiments, it has been proved that the efficiency of the two-layer structure gives optical properties higher than the three-layer structure related to distance. The highest achievable lumen output is 0.6 mm for the triple-layer structure and 0.1 mm for dual-layer structure. Meanwhile, the color rendering index changes insignificantly when the distance increases. The triple-layer package is not practical for high-power white LEDs due to the high cost and low conversion efficiency. The dual-layer remote phosphor package with a 0.1 mm phosphorus gap is the optimal structure of WLED in improving luminous efficiency and color rendering index. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Statics Analysis and Optimization Design for a Fixed-Guided Beam Flexure
Authors: Tran Ngoc Thoai , Dao Thanh-Phong 
Published: July 2020

The ratchet mechanism has been used to ensure moving in one direction of rotation, i.e. either clockwise or counterclockwise. This mechanism is designed based on fixed-guided beam flexures to reduce friction and improves accuracy compared to the traditional mechanism. This paper presents a static analysis and parameter optimization for the fixed-guided beam flexures via using the pseudo-rigid-body model and a fmincon algorithm. The Finite Element Method (FEM) of the fixed-guided beam also has been used to verify the maximum stress and the x-direction displacement. Modified pseudorigid-body model (M-PRBM) is also applied to significantly enhance the accuracy of the maximum stress value. The results show that the averaged errors of maximum stress between MPRBM and FEM are 3.48% for aluminum, and less than 10.9% for titanium, carbon steel, and alloy steel. From the obtained results, the MPRBM is good for prototype design and fabrication of the ratchet mechanism in the future. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Towards Ultracold Organic Chemistry: Prospects of Laser Cooling Large Organic Molecules
Authors: Ivanov Maxim , Bangerter Felix , Wójcik Paweł , Krylov Anna I. 
Published: July 2020

Ultracold organic chemistry enables studies of reaction dynamics and mechanisms in quantum regime. Access to ultracold molecules hinges on the ability to efficiently scattermultiple photons via quasi-closed cycling transitions and, in practice, is complicated by the complex electronic structure of polyatomic molecules. Using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) calculations, we demonstrate that an alkaline earth metal attached to various aromatic ligands (such as benzene, phenol, cyclopentadienyl and pyrrolide) feature nearly-closed cycling transitions with only a few additional repump lasers. We also show that aromatic ligands such as benzene can accommodate multiple cycling centers in various geometrical configurations and may open new avenues in quantum information science, precision measurements, and ultracold chemistry.
Placental thickness in third trimester and its correlation to gestational age and fetal weight in primigravida
Authors: Badu Muna , Singh Rajbhandari Shankar Bahadur , Regmi Pashupati 
Published: July 2020

Background: Gestational age and fetal weight estimation by ultrasound is the most effective and accurate method to date pregnancy. Ultrasound has been used to characterize placental position and morphologic changes. Placental thickness could be one additional parameter to assess gestational age and fetal weight.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between placental thickness with gestational age and fetal weight in third trimester of pregnancy in primigravida.
Methodology: Prospective hospital based cross sectional study was conducted including 111 primigravida in third trimester with normal singleton pregnancies in Department of Radiology of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from November 2018 to February 2019. Patients with known medical and obstetrical complications were excluded from the study. Placental thickness in millimeters was measured at the level of insertion of the umbilical cord. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used for analyzing variables and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean age of participants was 28.3 ± 4.79 years. Posterior location of the placenta was most common (35%). Placental thickness correlated well with the gestational age and fetal weight. Pearson correlation coefficient was found to be 0.645 for placental thickness with gestational age and 0.598 for placental thickness with fetal weight. P-value was <0.001 in both, showing positive correlation of mentioned variables with placental thickness.
Conclusion: Placental thickness can be a new and reliable parameter for estimation of gestational age and fetal weight. It can be routinely used during antenatal checkup.
Role and Adverse Effects of Premedication for Reducing Pain and Discomfort during Fiberoptic Nasal Pharyngoscopy and Laryngoscopy
Authors: Acharya Anup , Singh Madan Mohan , Pandey Bhuwan Raj , Pandit Shiv Bhushan , Bartaula Suman 
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Fiberoptic nasal endoscopy is a common procedure. Pretreatment with many drugs has been tried to decrease discomfort and pain related to the procedure. It was our effort to study whether they are effective in reducing pain and discomfort of the procedure.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a four-armed triple blind randomized controlled trial. Block randomization was done. Four arms were pretreated with placebo, decongestant spray, local anesthetic spray, and combination of decongestant and local anesthetic spray. Discomfort of pretreatment, discomfort of the procedure, pain due to procedure, ease of procedure and adverse effects were recorded by visual analogue score and analyzed by non-parametric tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: There were 40 participants in each wing making a total of 160. There were 79 males and 89 females. Discomfort of pretreatment was significantly higher is groups treated with lidocaine spray alone or in combination (p<0.001). Discomfort due to procedure was lowest in group pretreated with placebo (p=0.009) and pain was comparable throughout the groups (0.15).The procedure of nasal endoscopy was easiest in group pretreated with decongestant spray (p=0.02). Adverse effect was highest in form of burning sensation and pain in groups treated with lidocaine (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Lidocaine spray caused a lot of discomfort in form of pain and burning sensation and was not able to decrease pain or discomfort, alone or in combination with decongestant, related to fiberoptic nasal endoscopy. Decongestant, however, made the procedure easier.
Product of Serum Calcium and Phosphorus (Ca x Pi) as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bakhunchhen Rojina , Dubey Raju Kumar , Jayan Archana , Shah Santosh Kumar , Khatri Prabin 
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Most of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) in their later stages. Various traditional CVD risk factors are highly prevalent in CKD but mortality of these patients cannot be fully justified by these CVD markers. So this study was designed to determine serum calcium and phosphorus product (Ca×Pi) to predict CVD risk in CKD patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS We followed the guidelines of NKF-KDOQI for CKD diagnosis and staging. Further the patients were classified into 3 different groups based on Ca×Pi product; <40 mg2/dl2 (group 1), 40-55 mg2/dl2 (group 2) and >55 mg2/dl2 (group 3). We then evaluated CVD risk by various traditional risk factors like age, BMI, BP, smoking history, dyslipidemia, previous history of CVD, LVH, arrhythmia, VHD, cardiomyopathy, and IHD.
RESULTS: Higher level of Ca×Pi was associated with presence of LVH (32.30% in group 1, 31.42% in group 2 and 46.66% in group 3), Arrythemia (13.84% in group 1, 28.57% in group 2 and 46.67% in group 3), VHD (5.71% in group 2 and 10.00% in group 3), Cardiomyopathy (1.53% in group 1, 8.57% I group 2 and 6.66% in group 3), IHD (6.15% in group1, 11.42% in group 2 and 13.33% in group 3) and hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and increased LDLc.
CONCLUSION: This study found that higher Ca×Pi increases with decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and associated with CVD risks and CVD. So, this study raise a potential need to evaluate the level of calcium and phosphorus in all CKD patients and the level should be monitored more thoroughly to prevent CVD.
Distribution of Blood Groups in Medical Students: A Comparative Study
Authors: Joshi Bishal , Kar Sanjit Kumar , Yadav Shankar , Yadav Prem Kumar , Mahotra Narayan Bahadur , Shrestha Laxmi , Shrivastava Amit Kumar 
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Blood groups depend on antigens present on the surface of red blood cells. Scientists have discovered at least 30 common antigens and hundreds of rare antigens causing antigen-antibody reaction in human red blood cells. These antigens are genetically determined and are developed in fetal life and remain unchanged till death. Many blood group systems are identified but ABO and Rh blood groups are more antigenic.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present study, we observed ABO and Rh blood groups of 3057 students who studied in Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal from 1998 AD to 2019 AD, using open slide test method. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.
RESULTS: Results of the present study indicated that the most common blood group was O (36.8%) followed by blood group B (31.1%) and blood group A (24.9%) and least common blood group was AB (7.2%) i.e. O>B>A>AB. The same sequence of ABO blood grouping was seen in both male and female. Rh positive blood group was found in 95.4% and Rh negative blood group was found in 4.6% of population.
CONCLUSION: Knowledge of distribution of blood group is very important for medical students as they can serve as immediate blood donor in emergency conditions. This study can provide insight to advanced studies in future which can relate blood groups with medical conditions.