bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin intervention against ovarian toxicity during chemotherapy for early breast cancer: study protocol for a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jinjin , Ma Xiangyi , Li Ya , Liu Ronghua , Li Yan , Zhang Panshi , Ren Wu , Cui Pengfei , Wang Bo , Zhang Minli , Jin Yan , Li Xingrui , Wang Shixuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background With the significant improvement of the cure rate and survival rate of cancer patients, the survivors need to face quality of life problems, such as significant decline in reproductive system development, ovarian reserves and function, and even fertility loss and early menopause. These problems are often highly associated with chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage in the course of cancer treatment. However, there are no ideal treatment strategies at present. In our attempt to develop reagents and approaches for delaying ovarian aging and protecting chemotherapy-induced ovarian injury, we recently found that metformin may be the most potential drug to protect female malignant tumor patients from chemotherapy-induced ovarian injury. The optional trial is aimed to test whether administration of metformin during chemotherapy could protect normal ovarian function of early breast cancer patients. Methods This study is prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. Female early breast cancer patients (N=314), were randomly assigned to two groups (placebo, metformin 2000 mg). Metformin was administered during and after chemotherapy for patients with stage I-IIIa breast cancer. The primary outcome was the menstruation recovery rate 12 months after chemotherapy, defined as recovery of menstruation twice in a row within 1 year. Patients were followed up for 5 years to observe long-term ovarian function and prognosis of tumor, such as overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease-free survival (DFS). Quality of life and safety will also be assessed. Discussion Our research will provide new treatment strategy of fertility protection, and clinical treatment guidance for cancer patients.
Clinical validation of full genotyping CLART® HPV4S assay on SurePath and ThinPrep collected screening samples according to the International Guidelines for Human Papillomavirus Test Requirements for Cervical Screening
Authors: Ejegod Ditte Møller , Lagheden Camilla , Bhatia Ramya , Pedersen Helle , Boada Elia Alcañiz , Sundström Karin , Cortés Javier , Josë F. Xavier Bosch , Cuschieri Kate , Dillner Joakim , Bonde Jesper 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo ensure the highest quality of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in primary cervical cancer screening, novel HPV assays must be evaluated in accordance with the international guidelines. Furthermore, HPV assay with genotyping capabilities are becoming increasingly important in triage of HPV positive women in primary HPV screening. Here we evaluate a full genotyping HPV assay intended for primary screening.MethodsThe CLART® HPV4S (CLART4S) assay is a newly developed full-genotyping assay detecting 14 oncogenic (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68) and two non-oncogenic HPV genotypes (6, 11). It was evaluated using SurePath and ThinPrep screening samples collected from the Danish and Swedish cervical cancer screening programs, respectively. For calculation of sensitivity, 81 SurePath and 80 ThinPrep samples with confirmed ≥CIN2 were assessed. For clinical specificity analysis, 1,184 SurePath and 1,169 ThinPrep samples from women with <CIN2 histology were assessed. Sensitivity and specificity of the CLART4S assay was compared to an established reference test; the MGP-PCR (Modified General Primers GP5+/6+ with genotyping using Luminex). Inter and intra laboratory reproducibility of the assay was assessed using 540 SurePath and 520 ThinPrep samples, respectively. The genotype concordance between CLART4S and MGP-PCR was also assessed.ResultsIn SurePath samples, the sensitivity of CLART4S was 0.90 (MGP-PCR =0.93) and the specificity was 0.91 (MGP-PCR=0.91); In ThinPrep samples the sensitivity of CLART4S was 0.98 (MGP-PCR=1.00) and specificity was 0.94 (MGP-PCR =0.87). The CLART4S was shown to be non-inferior to that of MGP-PCR for both sensitivity (p=0.002; p=0.01) and specificity (p=0.01; p=0.00) in SurePath and ThinPrep samples, respectively. Intra-laboratory reproducibility and inter-laboratory agreement was met for both media types. The individual genotype concordance between CLART4S and MGP-PCR was good agreement for almost all 14 HPV genotypes in both media types.ConclusionsThe CLART4S assay was proved non-inferior to the comparator assay MGP-PCR for both sensitivity and specificity using SurePath and ThinPrep cervical cancer screening samples from the Danish and Swedish screening programs, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate clinical validation of a full-genotyping HPV assay conducted in parallel on both SurePath and ThinPrep collected samples.
Occurrence and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus&nbsp;spp.&nbsp;of maternal breast milk&nbsp;in the Uyghur,&nbsp;Xinjiang China, at&nbsp;different lactation stages
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Li Xu , Zhang Yan , Tian Fengwei , Ni Yongqing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAs a secure vehicle of probiotics, breast milk can provide babies with the Lactobacillus which can not only colonize and inhibit the pathogenic bacterial infection in infant's intestines. The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus spp. of maternal breast milk in the Uyghur population, Xinjiang China, by using culture method. Results Based on repetitive genomic fingerprinting PCR (rep-PCR), a total of 198 isolates of L actobacill us from 31 different lactation of breast milk samples of Uighur in kashi region of Xinjiang were classified into 11 genotypes, which were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum (82 isolates, prevalence: 61.3%, mean relative abundance: 45.4%, genotype: 3), Lactobacillus brevis (75, 41.9%, 38.1%, 4), Lactobacillus oris (37, 32.3%, 15.1%, 3) and rare Lactobacillus vaginalis (4, 9.7%, 1.4%, 1). From colostrum to mature milk, the number and species of Lactobacillus showed an uptrend, from mature milk to late milk, a downside was found in Lactobacillus. The relative abundance of L. fermentum decreased throughout lactation, while L . brevis showed an opposite trend. Three isolates were randomly selected for each genotype to estimate antimicrobial activity (33 isolates in total). Among the isolates, 20 isolates exhibited broad antibacterial spectrum with inhibition halos >10 mm against most indicator pathogens, which were selected for assessing probiotic properties. Nineteen isolates showed the resistance to vancomycin and co-trimoxazole, and KM66 ( L . brevis ) was resistant up to 5/8 antibiotics. KM147 ( L. brevis ) and Y3 ( L. fermentum ) strains were selected as potential probiotics by combining lysozyme, acid and bile salt tolerance. Conclusion Species composition and prevalence of Lactobacillus varied with the study subjects throughout lactation phase. The deliberately selected Lactobacillus strains from breast milk may have a great potential as probiotics to inhibit pathogen infection in infants.
Rank $Q$ E-string on a torus with flux
Authors: Pasquetti Sara , Razamat Shlomo , Sacchi Matteo , Zafrir Gabi 
Published: January 2020

We discuss compactifications of rank QQ
E-string theory on a torus with fluxes for abelian subgroups of the
E_8E8
global symmetry of the 6d6d
SCFT. We argue that the theories corresponding to such tori are built
from a simple model we denote as E[USp(2Q)]E[USp(2Q)].
This model has a variety of non trivial properties. In particular the
global symmetry is USp(2Q)\times USp(2Q)\times U(1)^2USp(2Q)×USp(2Q)×U(1)2
with one of the two USp(2Q)USp(2Q)
symmetries emerging in the IR as an enhancement of an
SU(2)^QSU(2)Q
symmetry of the UV Lagrangian. The E[USp(2Q)]E[USp(2Q)]
model after dimensional reduction to 3d3d
and a subsequent Coulomb branch flow is closely related to the familiar
3d3dT[SU(Q)]T[SU(Q)]
theory, the model residing on an S-duality domain wall of
4d4d\mathcal{N}=4𝒩=4SU(Q)SU(Q)
SYM. Gluing the E[USp(2Q)]E[USp(2Q)]
models by gauging the USp(2Q)USp(2Q)
symmetries with proper admixtures of chiral superfields gives rise to
systematic constructions of many examples of
4d4d
theories with emergent IR symmetries. We support our claims by various
checks involving computations of anomalies and supersymmetric partition
functions. Many of the needed identities satisfied by the supersymmetric
indices follow directly from recent mathematical results obtained by
E. Rains.
CFD-DEM modelling of sediment transport in sewer systems under steady and unsteady flow conditions
Authors: Alihosseini Maryam , Sægrov Sveinung , Thamsen Paul Uwe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNumerical and experimental investigations were undertaken to study sediment transport under steady flow conditions and under flush waves in sewer pipes. Experiments were carried out with sand and gravel of different size distributions under smooth and rough bed conditions. Moreover, different hydraulic boundary conditions were investigated for flush waves. The numerical part of this study was carried out in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent, which is two-way coupled to the Discrete Element Method (DEM) software EDEM. The main focus of this study is to determine if the CFD-DEM coupled method could reasonably predict the behaviour of sediments in sewers and thus be used for studying various features of sediment transport that are not easy to determine in laboratory experiments or in-situ measurements. Furthermore, it is important to replace the traditional empirical approaches developed for fluvial conditions with new methodologies, which are able to consider the high number of variables involved in sediment transport in sewers. The numerical model was validated with laboratory experiments and used to study details of sediment transport processes in sewers.
Predicting impacts of water conservation with a stochastic sewer model
Authors: Bailey O. , Arnot T. C. , Blokker E. J. M. , Kapelan Z. , Hofman J. A. M. H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Population growth and climate change put a strain on water resources; hence, there are growing initiatives to reduce water use. Reducing household water use will likely reduce sewer input. This work demonstrates the use of a stochastic sewer model to quantify the effect water conservation has on sewer hydraulics and wastewater concentration. Probabilistic discharge patterns have been developed using SIMDEUM WW® and fed into hydraulic modelling software InfoWorks ICM® to produce likely flow and quality profiles for five future water use scenarios. The scenarios tested were developed to outline how commercial and political factors may change water use in future. Scenario testing revealed that 15–60% water reduction reflected a 1–48% drop in the morning peak flow. The water use reduction was predicted to increase wastewater concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TPH) by 55–180%, 19–116% and 30–206% respectively. The sewer flow model was developed, calibrated and validated using a case study in the Wessex Water region of the UK and all future scenarios were compared to the validated baseline case. This wastewater flow and quality model allows scenario testing, which could help redesign future sewer networks to better prepare for water conservation strategies.
Enhanced removal of NO3-N from water using Fe-Al modified biochar: behavior and mechanism
Authors: You Hanyang , Li Wenying , Zhang Yi , Meng Zilin , Shang Zhenxiao , Feng Xuedong , Ma Yanfei , Lu Jie , Li Menghong , Niu Xiaoyin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To remove NO3-N from water, coconut shell biochar (CSB) was modified by a solution of FeCl3, a solution of AlCl3 and a mixture solution of FeCl3 and AlCl3 respectively. The obtained modified biochar with the best effect of NO3-N adsorption was screened out to explore the adsorption behavior and mechanism of NO3-N removal by batch experiments and kinetics and thermodynamics and correlated characterization. The results indicated that the mixture solution of FeCl3- and AlCl3- modified CSB (Fe-Al/CSB) showed the best adsorption performance for NO3-N removal. Iron and aluminum elements existed on the surface of Fe-Al/CSB in the form of FeOOH, Fe2O3, Fe2+, and Al2O3 respectively. The adsorption process could reach equilibrium in 20 min. An acidic condition was favorable for NO3-N adsorption. The presence of coexisting anions was not conducive for NO3-N adsorption. The quasi-second-order model and Freundlich model could be well fitted in the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe-Al/CSB fitted by the Langmuir model could reach 34.20 mg/g. The adsorption of NO3-N by Fe-Al/CSB was an endothermic and spontaneous process. Ligand exchange and chemical redox reaction were the NO3-N adsorption mechanisms which led to NO3-N adsorption by Fe-Al/CSB.
Short-term effect of shock ammonium nitrogen load on activated sludge properties
Authors: Golovko Ksenija , Tihomirova Kristina , Neilands Romans , Resetilovs Jurijs , Mezule Linda , Juhna Talis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The activated sludge process suffers from rapid load changes of ammonium (NH4), which may result in process failure during wastewater treatment. In this study, the response of activated sludge properties in terms of microfauna composition and sludge volume index (SVI5 and SVI30) on short-term increase of NH4 concentration (from 55 mg/l to 105 mg/l) was evaluated in batch scale reactors over 72 h. The results show that the first-step nitrification (NH4 transformation to nitrite (NO2)) was inhibited after 24 h, whereas the second-step nitrification (NO2 transformation to nitrate (NO3)) was not significantly affected. Sludge volume indices (sedimentation ability characteristics) SVI5 and SVI30 in the reactor with NH4–N shock concentration increased, whereas microfauna diversity decreased (Shannon-Weaver index decreased from 2.12 at 48 h to 1.23 at 72 h) leading to dominance of stalked ciliate Epistylis sp. Notable changes in inorganic carbon concentration (IC) were observed, indicating that rapid decrease of IC concentration leads to nitrification inhibition and challenges the overall process recovery. To conclude, short-term exposure of about two times higher concentration of NH4 caused significant changes in activated sludge properties by inhibiting NH4-oxidizing bacteria, reducing sludge microfauna diversity and deteriorating sludge sedimentation ability.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Rhamnose/Fucose-Specific Lectin from the Hemolymph of Oak Tasar (Antheraea proylei J.) Silkworm
Authors: Devi Hijam Kiranbala , Devi Sanjenbam Kunjeshwori , Rully Huidrom , Singh Sorokhaibam Jibankumar , Singh Wayenbam Sobhachandra , Thongam Helena , Singh Laishram Rupachandra 
Published: January 2020

Background:Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin which bind specifically but reversibly to carbohydrates or glycoconjugates. They play a crucial role in various biological processes including host defense mechanism, inflammation and metastasis. Therefore, there is an expanding scientific emphasis on purification and characterization of novel lectins possessing different useful biological properties.Objective:The present investigation is concerned with purification and characterization of a novel lectin from the hemolymph of oak tasar (Antheraea proylei J.) silkworm.Methods:The lectin was purified from the hemolymph by a procedure involving successive steps of hemocyte-free hemolymph preparation, ammonium sulfate (0-40%) fractionation and affinity chromatography on a column of Sephadex G-50 covalently coupled with L-rhamnose. It was then characterized by various physico-chemical methods including SDS-PAGE, gel filtration, hemagglutination assay, hemagglutination inhibition assay and tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/ MS) coupled with Mascot sequence matching software (Matrix Science).Results:The lectin was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the silkworm hemolymph and was found to be a monomeric protein with a native molecular weight of 39.5 kDa. It was specifically inhibited by L-rhamnose and D-fucose, the former being sixteen times more inhibitory than the latter. The hemagglutinating activity was further characterized by independency of metal ion, optimum at pH 7-7.5 and thermal stability with t1/2 of 60°C. Analysis with tandem mass spectrometry coupled with Mascot sequence matching software confirmed the purified lectin to be a protein not purified and characterized earlier.Conclusion:A novel rhamnose/fucose-specific lectin was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the hemolymph of oak tasar (Antheraea proylei J.) silkworm. The lectin was found to be a monomeric protein with a native molecular weight of 39.5 kDa. Its activity was found to be independent of metal ion, optimum at pH 7-7.5 and characterized by thermal stability with t1/2 of 60°C. Analysis with tandem mass spectrometry coupled with Mascot sequence matching software confirmed the purified lectin to be a protein not characterized earlier.
Binding Insight of Anti-HIV Phytocompounds with Prime Targets of HIV: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Analysis
Authors: Vora Jaykant , Athar Mohd , Sinha Sonam , Jha Prakash C. , Shrivastava Neeta 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Despite intense efforts, AIDS is difficult to tackle by current anti-retroviral
therapy (ART) due to its side effects; therefore, there is an urgent need to discover potential, multitarget
and low-cost anti-HIV compounds.

Objective:
We have shown that few phytocompounds can potentially inhibit the prime targets of
HIV namely GP120 envelope protein, reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase and ribonulcease. In
this study, top ranked prioritized compounds were subjected to Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation
in order to study the conformational dynamics and integrity of crucial interaction in the receptor
sites.

Method:
The system was built for selected protein-ligand complex using TIP3P water model and
OPLS_2005 force field. Trajectories were recorded up to 20 ns simulation time in Desmond module
of Schrödinger software.

Conclusion:
These findings can aid in the designing of the structural properties for more effective
anti-HIV compounds against the given targets.
In vitro and In silico Analysis of the Anti-diabetic and Anti-microbial Activity of Cichorium intybus Leaf extracts
Authors: Ramakrishnamurthy Suganya , Singaravelu Ganesan , Devadasan Velmurugan , Prakasarao Aruna 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To screen the selected phytochemicals against diabetes by docking studies in comparison with experimental analysis.

Methods:
Ethanol crude extract was obtained from the leaves of C.intybus and its chemical compounds
were identified using GC- MS. Docking studies were carried out for selected phytochemicals
to find the binding affinity and H-bond interaction using Schrodinger suite. Dynamic simulations
were carried out for protein-ligand complex up to 50ns using desmond OPLS AA forcefield
and α- Amylase and α- Glucosidase assay were carried for the ethanolic extract to infer its inhibition.

Results:
Four compounds were chosen for induced fit docking based on the docking score and glide
energy obtained from GLIDE-XP docking. The compounds were docked with the protein target
human aldose reductase (PDB ID: 2FZD) for checking the anti-diabetic nature. The molecular dynamics
simulations were carried out for the most favorable compounds and stability was checked
during the simulations. The ethanol extract exhibits significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory
activities with an IC50 value of 38μg and 88μg dry extract, respectively, and well compared
with standard acarbose drug. The antimicrobial activity was also carried out for various extracts
(Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, and Ethanol) of the same (C. intybus) screened against four selected
human pathogens. Compared to other solvent extracts, ethanol and chloroform extracts show better
inhibition and their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value has been calculated.

Conclusion:
In-silico studies and in-vitro studies reveals that C.intybus plant compounds have more potent for treating diabetes
Bioinformatics Analysis of The Rhizosphere Microbiota of Dangshan Su Pear in Different Soil Types
Authors: Ma Xiaojing , Thakar Sambhaji Balaso , Zhang Huimin , Yu Zequan , Meng Li , Yue Junyang 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The rhizosphere microbiota are of vital importance for plant growth and
health in terrestrial ecosystems. There have been extensive studies aiming to identify the microbial
communities as well as their relationship with host plants in different soil types.

Objective:
In the present study, we have employed the high-throughput sequencing technology to
investigate the composition and structure of rhizosphere microbiota prosperous at the root of
Dangshan Su pear growing in sandy soil and clay soil.

Methods:
A high-throughput amplicon sequencing survey of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes and
fungal ITS regions from rhizosphere microbiota was firstly performed. Subsequently, several
common bacterial and fungal communities were found to be essential to Dangshan Su pear by using
a series of bioinformatics and statistics tools. Finally, the soil-preferred microbiota were identified
through variance analysis and further characterized in the genus level.

Result:
Dangshan Su pears host rich and diverse microbial communities in thin layer of soil
adhering to their roots. The composition of dominant microbial phyla is similar across different soil
types, but the quantity of each microbial community varies significantly. Specially, the relative
abundance of Firmicutes increases from 9.69% to 61.66% as the soil ecosystem changes from clay
to sandy, which can be not only conducive to the degradation of complex plant materials, but also
responsible for the disinfestation of pathogens.

Conclusion:
Our results have a symbolic significance for the potential efforts of rhizosphere
microbiota on the soil bioavailability and plant health. Through selecting soil types and altering
microbial structures, the improvement of fruit quality of Dangshan Su pear is expected to be
achieved.
On the Formulation and Functioning of a Micro Haptics Actuator Based Unit Braille Display Cell
Authors: Ghosh Moumita , Ghosh Subham , Mukhopadhyay Manish , Neogi Biswarup 
Published: January 2020

Aims:
The article focusses on the working principle of devising a display board and introduction to a
working model of a single unit of a novel prototype of a computer display board for blind people.

Objective:
The developed prototype is aimed at converting a conventional computer screen to a
braille screen based tactile display board. The arrangement will enable the blind people to accesses
soft data as a converted braille language text. In addition, the position of the write-up will also be recognizable
by the blind.

Methods:
The system employs six number of micro linear actuators providing haptics feedback.

Results:
The ABCD display unit was tested with the blind and was found to be received well by the
community. According to the survey, this raised dot mechanism is very effective for blind communication.