bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blockade of astrocytic activation delays the occurrence of severe hypoxia‐induced seizure and respiratory arrest in mice
Authors: Fukushi Isato , Takeda Kotaro , Uchiyama Makoto , Kurita Yuki , Pokorski Mieczyslaw , Yokota Shigefumi , Okazaki Shuntaro , Horiuchi Jouji , Mori Yasuo , Okada Yasumasa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeizures are induced when subjects are exposed to severe hypoxia. It is followed by ventilatory fall‐off and eventual respiratory arrest, which may underlie the pathophysiology of death in patients with epilepsy and severe respiratory disorders. However, the mechanisms of hypoxia‐induced seizures have not been fully understood. Because astrocytes are involved in various neurological disorders, we aimed to investigate whether astrocytes are operational in seizure generation and respiratory arrest in a severe hypoxic condition. We examined the effects of astrocytic activation blockade on responses of EEG and ventilation to severe hypoxia. Adult mice were divided into two groups; in one group (n = 24) only vehicle was injected, and in the other group (n = 24) arundic acid, an inhibitory modulator of astrocytic activation, was administered before initiation of recording. After recording EEG and ventilation by whole body plethysmography in room air, the gas in the recording chamber was switched to 5% oxygen (nitrogen balanced) until a seizure and ventilatory depression occurred, followed by prompt switch back to room air. Severe hypoxia initially increased ventilation, followed by a seizure and ventilatory suppression in all mice examined. Fourteen mice without arundic acid showed respiratory arrest during loading of hypoxia. However, 22 mice pretreated with arundic acid did not suffer from respiratory arrest. Time from the onset of hypoxia to the occurrence of seizures was significantly longer in the group with arundic acid than that in the group without arundic acid. We suggest that blockade of astrocytic activation delays the occurrence of seizures and prevents respiratory arrest.
Meaning in life moderates hopelessness, suicide ideation, and borderline psychopathology in participants with eating disorders: A longitudinal study
Authors: Marco José H. , Cañabate Montserrat , Llorca Ginés , Pérez Sandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParticipants with eating disorders (EDs) experience identity problems, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Research has confirmed the link between the experience of low meaning in life (MIL) and psychopathology. However, there is a lack of research focusing on MIL in ED.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are as follows: (a) to analyze whether MIL at baseline moderates the association between ED psychopathology at baseline and borderline symptoms, hopelessness, and suicide ideation at follow‐up and (b) to analyze whether MIL moderates the association between suicide ideation, hopelessness, and borderline symptoms at baseline and at the 7‐month follow‐up.MethodThe sample was composed of 300 participants with ED at baseline and 122 at the 7‐month follow‐up. The participants filled out the Purpose in Life, Eating Attitude Test, Borderline Symptoms List, Hopelessness Scale, and Suicide Ideation Scale.Results(a) MIL at baseline moderated the association between ED psychopathology at baseline and borderline symptoms, hopelessness, and suicide ideation at the follow‐up; (b) MIL moderated the association between suicide ideation, hopelessness, and borderline symptoms at baseline and at the 7‐month follow‐up.ConclusionMIL could be a relevant variable in the ED psychopathology.
External corporate social responsibility and labor productivity: A S‐curve relationship and the moderating role of internal CSR and government subsidy
Authors: Deng Xinming , Long Xianyi , Schuler Douglas A. , Luo Huan , Zhao Xiaofei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrior studies suggest that external corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices could lead to positive responses from employees, but little attention has been paid to its potential negative impacts on employees' responses. To have a comprehensive understanding of the relationship in question, we propose that there is a S‐curve relationship between external CSR and labor productivity. Found on samples of Chinese listed firms during the period from 2011 to 2017, we have drawn some conclusions as follows. First, there is a S‐curve relationship between external CSR practices and labor productivity, with labor productivity declining at low and high levels of external CSR but increasing at moderate level of external CSR. Second, internal CSR will moderate the relationship between external CSR and labor productivity that firms affiliated with high internal CSR are more likely to perform better in terms of labor productivity than firms with low internal CSR. However, the proposed negative moderating role of government subsidy on the relationship in question is not supported. It is the match between government subsidy and external CSR that may predict labor productivity.
Changes in Phase Behavior from the Substitution of Ethylene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide in the Head Group of Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Spiering Vivian J. , Ciapetti Aurora , Lima Michelle Tupinamba , Hayward Dominic W. , Noirez Laurence , Appavou Marie‐Sousai , Schomäcker Reinhard , Gradzielski Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNonionic ethylene oxide (EO)‐based surfactants are widely employed in commercial applications and normally form gel‐like liquid crystalline phases at higher concentrations, rendering their handling under such conditions difficult. By incorporating CO2 units in their hydrophilic head groups, the consumption of the petrochemical EO was reduced, and the tendency to form liquid crystals was suppressed completely. This surprising behavior was characterized by rheology and studied with respect to its structural origin by means of small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). These experiments showed a strongly reduced repulsive interaction between the micellar aggregates, attributed to a reduced hydration and enhanced interpenetration of the head groups owing to the presence of the CO2 units. In addition, with increasing CO2 content the surfactants became more efficient and effective with respect to their surface activity. These findings are important because the renewable resource CO2 is used, and the CO2‐containing surfactants allow handling at very high concentrations, an aspect of enormous practical importance.
Si@SnS2–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Anodes for High‐Capacity Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dai Jinyan , Liao Jiang , He Minyi , Yang Mengmeng , Wu Kaipeng , Yao Weitang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Weitang Yao at the Southwest University of Science and Technology. The image shows that developing low‐cost and high‐energy‐density batteries is important for powering our city. The Si@SnS2‐rGO composites are good electrode materials for Li‐ion batteries. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201902839.
MiSet RFC Standards: Defining a Universal Minimum Set of Standards Required for Reproducibility and Rigor in Research Flow Cytometry Experiments
Authors: Lucas Fabienne , Gil‐Pulido Jesus , LaMacchia John , Preffer Fred , Wallace Paul K. , Lopez Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPoor adherence to best practices, insufficient training, and pressure to produce data quickly may lead to publications of suboptimal biomedical research flow cytometry data, which contributes to the body of irreproducible research findings. In addition, documentation of compliance with best flow cytometry practices for submission, visualization, and publication of flow cytometry data is currently endorsed by very few scientific journals, which is particularly concerning as numerous peer‐reviewed flow cytometry publications emphasize instrumentation, experimental design, and data analysis as important sources of variability. Guidelines and resources for adequate reporting, annotation and deposition of flow cytometry experiments are provided by MIFlowCyt and the FlowRepository database, and comprehensive expert recommendations covering principles and techniques of field‐specific flow cytometry applications have been published. To facilitate the integration of quality‐defining parameters into manuscript and grant submission and publication requirements across biomedical fields that rely on the use of flow‐cytometry‐based techniques, a single comprehensive yet easily and universally applicable document is needed. To produce such a list of gold‐standard parameters that assess whether a research flow cytometry experiment has been planned, conducted, interpreted, and reported at the highest standard, a new initiative defining the minimum set of standards a robust and rigorous research flow experiment must fulfill (MiSet RFC Standards) was proposed at CYTO 2019. MiSet RFC Standards will integrate and simplify existing resources to provide a universal benchmark a flow cytometry experiment can easily be measured against. The goal of MiSET RFC Standards is its integration into peer‐review and publication procedures through partnership with stakeholders, journals and publishers in biomedical and translational research. This article introduces the aims and anticipated timeline and discusses strategies for interdisciplinary consensus and implementation. A single‐resource broadly applicable guideline will harmonize standards across different fields of biomedical research and lead to publication of more robust research findings. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Physical activity levels and correlates in nationally representative sample of U.S. adults with healthy weight, obesity, and binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Udo Tomoko , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study compared the patterns of moderate and vigorous physical activity (PA) and health conditions in a nationally representative sample of adults categorized with healthy weight (HW) without eating disorder history, obesity without eating disorder history (OB), or current binge‐eating disorder (BED) with obesity (BED+OB).MethodWe used the third National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions to compare PA intensity, duration, and their relationships with health indicators in the three groups: HW (n = 11,635), OB (n = 11,056), and BED+OB (n = 110).ResultsPrevalence of physical inactivity was significantly greater in OB (38.1%) and BED (51.4%) than HW (30.3%). Prevalence of vigorous PA was significantly lower in OB (45.5%) and BED (31.7%) than HW (54.0%). Duration of moderate and vigorous activity per week was significantly shorter in BED+OB than HW and duration of vigorous activity was shorter in OB than HW. Regardless of PA intensity, BED+OB reported poorer physical and mental health than OB and HW. Greater PA intensity and duration were associated with better physical health, particularly in OB.DiscussionIn this nationally representative study of U.S. adults, obesity was associated with physical inactivity. Comorbid obesity and BED was associated with lower PA levels and poorer health. Particularly among adults with obesity, greater PA intensity was associated with better physical health, and greater duration of PA was associated with better physical and mental health. The findings highlight the importance of screening for BED in addition to obesity status and for promoting PA to improve health in U.S. adults.
Ecotypes or phenotypic plasticity—The aquatic and terrestrial forms of Helosciadium repens (Apiaceae)
Authors: Herden Tobias , Friesen Nikolai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Morphological and ecological differences of two forms of Helosciadium repens are known and described in the literature: aquatic and terrestrial. However, their taxonomic status is currently unknown. The question whether they are genotypically adapted to specific environmental conditions or are those differences a result of phenotypic plasticity is addressed in this study.
SSR and ISSR data were used to uncover genotypic differences. Data from drought stress experiments (system water content and relative water content of leaves) were used to evaluate the response to water as an environmental factor. The stomatal index of both forms grown under different water treatments was analyzed.
The principal component analysis of the ISSR data revealed no clustering that would correspond with ecotypes. The diversity parameters of the SSR data showed no significant differences. The aquatic populations showed a tendency toward heterozygosity, while the terrestrial ones showed a bias toward homozygosity. Both forms responded similarly to the changes in water availability, with newly produced leaves after drought stress that were better adapted to repeated drought stress. Stomatal indices were higher in plants from aquatic habitats, but these differences disappeared when the plants were grown in soil.
The observed responses indicate that the differences between forms are due to phenotypic plasticity.
The role of intraspecific trait variability and soil properties in community assembly during forest secondary succession
Authors: Chai Yongfu , Dang Han , Yue Ming , Xu Jinshi , Zhang Lixia , Quan Jiaxin , Guo Yaoxin , Li Ting , Wang Lei , Wang Mao , Liu Xiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTrait‐based approaches applied to community assembly have led to a considerable advance in understanding the drivers that underlie community dynamics. However, species respond to environmental conditions based on traits, and the role of intraspecific trait variability (ITV) in community assembly during succession has not been studied in detail. Here, we explored the effects of environmental conditions on plant trait composition and tested the role of ITV on understanding the assembly processes throughout a long‐term forest succession on the Loess Plateau of China. Thirty plots were established across six successional stages, and 15 functional traits of 210 species were measured. Rao's quadratic entropy of each community with and without accounting for ITV was calculated and then compared with random expectation to evaluate the community functional structure. A structural equation model was used to determine the effects of soil abiotic factors on community functional structure. Community functional structure based on multiple traits transitioned from a stochastic pattern in the early community to a significantly overdispersed pattern in the latest climax community, mainly driven by the increasing niche differentiation of plant height and seed mass. In contrast, community functional structure for most chemical and structure traits showed a neutral but increasing clustering pattern throughout succession. We found that consideration of intraspecific variability did not result in the misreading of the assembly process along a successional gradient; consideration of intraspecific variability only increased the divergence of traits for the latest climax community. Soil NH4‐N was an especially important factor that influenced community functional structure and ITV during succession. Our results suggest a change in the dominant assembly mechanism from stochastic to deterministic processes and a strong environmental modification that drives community assembly during a long‐term forest succession. Ignoring ITV (except for plant height) may be acceptable in understanding community assembly along a local secondary forest succession in a semiarid ecosystem, such as the Loess Plateau.
Assessing and explaining policy coherence: A comparative study of water governance and large carnivore governance in Sweden
Authors: Sandström Annica , Söderberg Charlotta , Lundmark Carina , Nilsson Jens , Fjellborg Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between different types of multilevel governance systems and policy coherence (i.e., uniformity of goals and rules) through a study of the governance systems for water and large carnivores in Sweden. The study objects represent multilevel governance systems for contested natural resources in the same national context, although in different policy areas and with substantial differences in institutional arrangements. We define the characteristics of each governance system through an institutional analysis of official records and compare their perceived ability to promote coherence through a statistical analysis of survey data. Our empirical results both support and problematize common ideas about how different institutional features relate to policy coherence in multilevel governance. The results clearly indicate that multilevel governance systems are challenged by conflicting goals and rules, both within and across governance systems, and that the capacity to address these difficulties is generally perceived as wanting in both types of systems. The results tentatively suggest that clashes with other governance systems are more prominent in polycentric and ecologically based systems, whereas internal goal and rule conflicts are more prevalent in centralized and more traditionally organized systems. The findings contribute to our understanding of the quandaries associated with the design of new governance systems. The study also contributes important insights into what features to focus on in attempts to mitigate the downsides of different institutional arrangements in multilevel governance systems.
Local impacts of federal forest policy changes on Canadian model forests: An institutional capacity perspective
Authors: Bullock Ryan , Reed Maureen G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough research in multiparty environmental governance has examined how local actors work together, few have focused how changes in higher order government policy directives affect the capacity of local organizations to implement associated management activities over time. We examine changes in three Canadian Model Forests as federal policy objectives shifted from “sustainable forest management” to “sustaining communities.” Specially, we adopt the concept of institutional capacity from planning theory to assess changes in knowledge resources, relational resources, and mobilization potential of Model Forest sites during the shift from the Model Forest Programme to the Forest Communities Programme. Analysis of key documents shows that despite being developed as a top‐down programme, individual sites exhibited an array of responses by drawing on local actors with new skills, political acumen, and relational resources to generate local opportunities. Although overall federal support decreased, Model Forest sites fostered collaborations with new sectors, enabling them to link ideas, resources, and influence in new ways and respond to changes they observed in the local context. Local networks created under a federal programme were able to move forward, shift their organizational identity, change visions, and initiate alternative projects after the programme stopped.
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α/glial fibrillary acidic protein expressing peritumoral astrocytes associate with shorter median overall survival in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Leiss Lina , Mega Alessandro , Olsson Bontell Thomas , Nistér Monica , Smits Anja , Corvigno Sara , Rahman Mohummad Aminur , Enger Per Øyvind , Miletic Hrvoje , Östman Arne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe microenvironment and architecture of peritumoral tissue have been suggested to affect permissiveness for infiltration of malignant cells. Astrocytes constitute a heterogeneous population of cells and have been linked to proliferation, migration, and drug sensitivity of glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Through double‐immunohistochemical staining for platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), this study explored the intercase variability among 45 human GBM samples regarding density of GFAP+ peritumoral astrocytes and a subset of GFAP+ peritumoral astrocyte‐like cells also expressing PDGFRα. Large intercase variability regarding the total peritumoral astrocyte density and the density of PDGFRα+/GFAP+ peritumoral astrocyte‐like cells was detected. DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses for commonly altered genetic tumor markers supported the interpretation that these cells represented a genetically unaffected host cell subset referred to as PDGFRα+/GFAP+ peritumoral astrocytes. The presence of PDGFRα+/GFAP+ peritumoral astrocytes was significantly positively correlated to older patient age and peritumoral astrocyte density, but not to other established prognostic factors. Notably, presence of PDGFRα+/GFAP+ peritumoral astrocytes, but not peritumoral astrocyte density, was associated with significantly shorter patient overall survival. The prognostic association of PDGFRα+/GFAP+ peritumoral astrocytes was confirmed in multivariable analyses. This exploratory study thus demonstrates previously unrecognized intercase variability and prognostic significance of peritumoral abundance of a novel PDGFRα+ subset of GFAP+ astrocytes. Findings suggest clinically relevant roles of the microenvironment of peritumoral GBM tissue and encourage further characterization of the novel astrocyte subset with regard to origin, function, and potential as biomarker and drug target.
A compact inorganic layer for robust anode protection in lithium‐sulfur batteries
Authors: Yao Yu‐Xing , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Yan Chong , Chen Peng‐Yu , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are one of the most promising candidates for high energy density rechargeable batteries beyond current Li‐ion batteries. However, severe corrosion of Li metal anode and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) induced by the unremitting shuttle of Li polysulfides immensely hinder the practical applications of Li‐S batteries. Herein, a compact inorganic layer (CIL) formed by ex situ reactions between Li anode and ionic liquid emerged as an effective strategy to block Li polysulfides and suppress shuttle effect. A CE of 96.7% was achieved in Li‐S batteries with CIL protected Li anode in contrast to 82.4% for bare Li anode while no lithium nitrate was employed. Furthermore, the corrosion of Li during cycling was effectively inhibited. While applied to working batteries, 80.6% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles was retained in Li‐S batteries with CIL‐protected ultrathin (33 μm) Li anode compared with 58.5% for bare Li anode, further demonstrating the potential of this strategy for practical applications. This study presents a feasible interfacial regulation strategy to protect Li anode with the presence of Li polysulfides and opens avenues for Li anode protection in Li‐S batteries under practical conditions.image
The History and Evolution of IPEDS
Authors: Miller Elise S. , Shedd Jessica M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe federal government has collected data from colleges and universities for more than a century. However, how and what data are collected has evolved over time, as has the purposes for collecting those data. The most systematic collection of data happens through the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), which is required to be reported by any institution that awards federal student aid. While initially collected to describe the state of postsecondary education in the United States to policymakers, a shift in recent decades has focused on making data available to students and parents to compare institutions. Now, the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965 is overdue and one proposed change—moving from an institution‐level to a student‐level data collection—would transform IPEDS. We trace the beginnings of federal data collection from institutions to its current state and discuss how the data collection has evolved over time.