bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Current State of Combined Pediatric Anesthesiology–Critical Care Practice: A Survey of Dual-Trained Practitioners in the United States
Authors: Welch Timothy P. , Kilbaugh Todd J. , McCloskey John J. , Juriga Lindsay L. , Abdallah Arbi Ben , Fehr James J. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Combined practice in pediatric anesthesiology (PA) and pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) was historically common but has declined markedly with time. The reasons for this temporal shift are unclear, but existing evidence suggests that length of training is a barrier to contemporary trainees. Among current practitioners, restriction in dual-specialty practice also occurs, for reasons that are unknown at present. We sought to describe the demographics of this population, investigate their perceptions about the field, and consider factors that lead to attrition.

METHODS:
We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study of physicians in the United States with a combined practice in PA and PCCM. The survey was distributed electronically and anonymously to the distribution list of the Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council (PALC) of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia (SPA), directing the recipients to forward the link to their faculty meeting our inclusion criteria. Attending-level respondents (n = 62) completed an anonymous, 40-question multidomain survey.

RESULTS:
Forty-seven men and 15 women, with a median age of 51, completed the survey. Major leadership positions are held by 44%, and 55% are externally funded investigators. A minority (26%) have given up one or both specialties, citing time constraints and politics as the dominant reasons. Duration of training was cited as the major barrier to entry by 77%. Increasing age and faculty rank and lack of a comparably trained institutional colleague were associated with attrition from dual-specialty practice. The majority (88%) reported that they would do it all again.

CONCLUSIONS:
The current cohort of pediatric anesthesiologist–intensivists in the United States is a small but accomplished group of physicians. Efforts to train, recruit, and retain such providers must address systematic barriers to completion of the requisite training and continued practice.
Lgl cortical dynamics are independent of binding to the Scrib-Dlg complex but require Dlg-dependent restriction of aPKC
Authors: Ventura Guilherme , Moreira Sofia , Barros-Carvalho André , Osswald Mariana , Morais-de-Sá Eurico 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Apical-basal polarity underpins the formation of epithelial barriers that are crucial for metazoan physiology. Although apical-basal polarity is long known to require the basolateral determinants Lethal Giant Larvae (Lgl), Discs Large (Dlg) and Scribble (Scrib), mechanistic understanding of their function is limited. Lgl plays a role as an aPKC inhibitor, but it remains unclear whether Lgl also forms complexes with Dlg or Scrib. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we show that Lgl does not form immobile complexes at the lateral domain of Drosophila follicle cells. Optogenetic depletion of plasma membrane PIP2 or dlg mutants accelerate Lgl cortical dynamics. However, Dlg and Scrib are required only for Lgl localization and dynamic behavior in the presence of aPKC function. Furthermore, light-induced oligomerization of basolateral proteins indicates that Lgl is not part of the Scrib-Dlg complex in the follicular epithelium. Thus, Scrib and Dlg are necessary to repress aPKC activity in the lateral domain but do not provide cortical binding sites for Lgl. Our work therefore highlights that Lgl does not act in a complex but in parallel with Scrib-Dlg to antagonize apical determinants.
Interplay between actomyosin and E-cadherin dynamics regulates cell shape in the Drosophila embryonic epidermis
Authors: Greig Joshua , Bulgakova Natalia A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Precise regulation of cell shape is vital for building functional tissues. Here, we study the mechanisms that lead to the formation of highly elongated anisotropic epithelial cells in the Drosophila epidermis. We demonstrate that this cell shape is the result of two counteracting mechanisms at the cell surface that regulate the degree of elongation: actomyosin, which inhibits cell elongation downstream of RhoA (Rho1 in Drosophila) and intercellular adhesion, modulated via clathrin-mediated endocytosis of E-cadherin (encoded by shotgun in flies), which promotes cell elongation downstream of the GTPase Arf1 (Arf79F in Drosophila). We show that these two mechanisms do not act independently but are interconnected, with RhoA signalling reducing Arf1 recruitment to the plasma membrane. Additionally, cell adhesion itself regulates both mechanisms – p120-catenin, a regulator of intercellular adhesion, promotes the activity of both Arf1 and RhoA. Altogether, we uncover a complex network of interactions between cell–cell adhesion, the endocytic machinery and the actomyosin cortex, and demonstrate how this network regulates cell shape in an epithelial tissue in vivo.
The Journey to In Vivo Synthetic Chemistry: From Azaelectrocyclization to Artificial Metalloenzymes
Authors: Tanaka Katsunori , Vong Kenward 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The goal of this account is to detail the steps taken by our group for the development of glycosylated artificial metalloenzymes (GArMs), which we have used in our endeavors to develop examples of in vivo synthetic chemistry. To accomplish this, we have had to combine technologies developed over the course of a decade that range from protein ligation methodologies, identification of glycan-dependent targeting modules, and the development of functional biocatalysts. As an end result, we have begun to show the early framework for GArM complexes and their potential towards creating novel biotechnological tools and therapeutic applications.
Case Report: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a patient with COVID-19
Authors: Aly Ragia , Gupta Sachin , Gupta Sorab , Singh Balraj , Goyal Abhinav , Kalathil Sheila 
Published: July 2020

With the spread of the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide and associated high incidence of thromboembolic complications, the use of heparin is on the rise. It therefore is crucial to identify patients with contraindications for heparin. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life-threatening complication of exposure to heparin. We report a 66-year-old woman, who was admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 infection. Her course was complicated by pulmonary embolism and dialysis catheter thrombosis. Our patient had a known history of HIT. Treatment of this patient with heparin would have been catastrophic. The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed healthcare systems and is causing a global health crisis. Nevertheless, this case serves as a reminder of the importance of making every effort to obtain thorough history and review of records of every patient.
The Effectiveness of New Inquiry-Based Learning (NIBL) for Improving Multiple Higher-Order Thinking Skills (M-HOTS) of Prospective Chemistry Teachers
Authors: Mitarlis Mitarlis , Ibnu Suhadi , Rahayu Sri , Sutrisno Sutrisno 
Published: July 2020

<p style="text-align:justify">New Inquiry-Based Learning (NIBL) was developed to improve students’ multiple higher-order thinking skills (MHOTS), such as thinking critically, analytically, creatively, and practically (CACP). This study aimed to examine the increase of students’ MHOTS ability, their perceptions of the NIBL model, and the contribution of the NIBL model to the learning outcomes. A quasi-experiment of the nonequivalent control group design was implemented in this study. Research subjects were university students majoring in chemistry education and enrolling in the Organic Chemistry course. The experiment and the control groups consisted of 34 and 32 students, respectively. The collected data were analyzed by using t-test and ANCOVA procedures. N-Gain scores were calculated to measure the differences in the increase in learning outcomes. Eta square values measured the contribution of NIBL. The results of this study revealed that there were differences in the learning outcomes of the experiment and control group. The CACP thinking skills and the mastery of organic chemistry concepts of the experiment group increased significantly. The N-Gain scores of practical thinking skills aspect were on medium category, and for critical, analytical, and creative thinking, as well as for mastery of organic chemistry concepts were on high categories. For the control group, the N-Gain scores of all categories were on low or medium categories. The NIBL model effectively improved the prospective chemistry teachers’ M-HOTS in terms of CACP thinking skills and contributed significantly to the increase in the students’ mastery of organic chemistry concepts.</p>
Broadband dual-mode 2  ×  2 3  dB multimode interference couplers with a shallowly etched multimode section
Authors: Ye Chaochao , Zhang Ming , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin 
Published: July 2020

A broadband dual-mode

2

×

2

3

d
B

power splitter on silicon is proposed by utilizing multimode interference (MMI) couplers with a shallowly etched multimode region. The present MMI coupler is designed optimally to be with reduced phase errors for all the excited higher-order modes in the MMI region by engineering the refractive-index profile with the assistance of a shallowly etched multimode region. Simulation results show the device works well for the

T
E

0

and

T
E

1

input modes over the C-band. For the

T
E

0

input mode, the excess losses (ELs) and the imbalances (IBs) are, respectively, less than 0.4 and 0.12 dB in the wavelength range of 1.5–1.6 µm, while the ELs and the IBs for the

T
E

1

input mode are, respectively, less than 0.5 and 0.2 dB in the wavelength range of 1.53–1.58 µm. Besides, the intermode cross-talk is less than

−
22

d
B

for

T
E

0

and

T
E

1

modes in the wavelength range of 1.5–1.6 µm. The proposed dual-mode MMI coupler can be extended for more than two input modes.
Design of all-optical D flip-flop using photonic crystal waveguides for optical computing and networking
Authors: Rao Dalai Gowri Sankar , Palacharla Venkatrao , Swarnakar Sandip , Kumar Santosh 
Published: July 2020

The performance of an ultra-compact all-optical D flip-flop using photonic crystal waveguides is numerically analyzed and examined by optimized parameters such as refractive index and silicon rod radius. In the field of optical networking and computing, flip-flops are used to reduce the complexity of digital circuits. The phenomenon of optical interference effect is used to implement a D flip-flop at a wavelength of 1550 nm. This structure is designed using T-shaped waveguides without using non-linear material. The proposed design is small, has low insertion losses of 0.087 dB when operated at low power level, and provides high contrast ratio of 25 dB and transmission ratio of more than 96%.
Small footprint symmetrical graphene hybrid plasmonic waveguides for high-speed broadband optical modulation
Authors: Hasan K. B. M. Rakib , Islam Md. Asiful , Alam M. Shah 
Published: July 2020

In this work, nanowire-based symmetrical graphene hybrid plasmonic waveguides for possible broadband optical modulation have been proposed. The full-vectorial finite element method has been employed to analyze the modal properties and modulation characteristics of the proposed structures. The fundamental supermode supported by these geometries is evolved from a near-field coupling between metallic and dielectric nanowires. Here, the strong optical capacitance effect in the low-index dielectric gap region has been exploited to enhance light–graphene interaction in the subwavelength device size. Thus, the optical absorption of graphene significantly increases. Therefore, the structures even with their small footprints offer a very high extinction ratio and small energy consumption per bit (as low as 0.9 fJ/bit), simultaneously with appreciably high modulation bandwidth at the telecommunication wavelength. A substantially small variation of modulation performance for a broad range of operation wavelength and gap widths suggest their broadband operability. Furthermore, the modulation performance has been studied incorporating the optical anisotropy of graphene. Thus, the proposed waveguides show a good promise in high-speed broadband optical modulation.
Mode selection and high-quality upconversion lasing from perovskite CsPb2Br5 microplates
Authors: Liu Zhengzheng , Wang Chunwei , Hu Zhiping , Du Juan , Yang Jie , Zhang Zeyu , Shi Tongchao , Liu Weimin , Tang Xiaosheng , Leng Yuxin 
Published: July 2020

In recent years, halide perovskite nanostructures have had great advances and have opened up a bright future for micro/nanolasers. However, upconversion lasing by two-photon excitation with mode selection and high quality factor in one device is still rarely reported. Herein, two lasing modes are demonstrated in the all-inorganic perovskite

CsPb
2

Br
5

microplates with subwavelength thickness and uniform square shape. The net optical gain is quickly established in less than 1 ps and persists more than 30 ps, revealed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission confirms the net gain for stimulated emission with a high characteristic temperature of 403 K, far surpassing the all-inorganic

CsPbBr
3

semiconductor gain media. Remarkably, upconversion lasing based on two kinds of microcavity effects, Fabry–Pérot and whispering-gallery modes, from the microplates at room temperature is successfully achieved with a low threshold operating in multi- or single-mode, respectively. Surprisingly, the quality factor (

∼
3551

) is among the best values obtained from perovskite micro/nanoplate upconversion lasers without an external cavity. Moreover, the highly stable chromaticity with color drift only less than 0.1 nm also outbalances the all-inorganic

CsPbBr
3

ones. These superior performances of

CsPb
2

Br
5

microplate lasing with a facile solution synthesis procedure will offer a feasible structure to fabricate specific functionalities for high-performance frequency upconversion micro/nanoscale photonic integrated devices.
Chauffeuring parenthood: The everyday travel times of families
Authors: Schouten Maria Johanna , Heras Soledad Las 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The time parents dedicate to the routine transport of their children has increased significantly since the second half of the twentieth century. This change was triggered by various developments, including new forms of parenthood, the central place the car has come to occupy in society and the tendency to urban dispersion. The article addresses the coordination efforts made by families to provide transport for their children to and from schools, nurseries or extracurricular activities. It focuses on the meaning parents attribute to the time spent on this transport, and on gender differences in this type of time allocation. To illustrate this point, analyses have been made of qualitative and quantitative data obtained in the context of a research on the use of time and technology in families, in the Portuguese districts of Castelo Branco and Braga, during the period 2010–12. The principal revelations of this research are the diversities but also general trends in representations and practices regarding temporalities and transport shown in interviews and focus group discussions. It was found that parents interviewed considered time devoted to routine transport of their children a care task; and, linked to this, mothers bore the brunt of this fragmented and time-consuming activity.
Social work, human rights and conceptions of human dignity: The case of social workers in Lisbon
Authors: Bittencourt Moema Bragança , Amaro Maria Inês 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article seeks to explore the conception of human dignity prevailing among social workers in Lisbon through a qualitative-type study. This departs from analysis of the concepts of humanity and the rule of law as guarantees for exercising social work in order to locate the concept of human dignity as a historical, social and cultural construct. The qualitative analysis of the data collected by interviews demonstrates that social workers, while not having a deep-reaching conceptual understanding of this theme, prioritize a Kantian conception of human dignity, perceiving this as an absolute value.
The correlations of the particle size, calorific value, moisture- and ash content of waste derived fuel, and examination of its heavy metal content
Authors: Leitol Csaba , Győrfi Alexandra , Kiss Tibor 
Published: July 2020

Significant development has taken place in the field of waste management recently in the preparation of the energetic exploitation of recyclable, non-hazardous municipal solid waste. With mechanical-biological waste treatment, 35-40% of the weight of this waste can be made appropriate for energetic exploitation, mainly for co-incineration in cement factories and power plants.
The recoverability of waste derived fuel produced in mechanical-biological waste treatment plants highly depends on the burning and combustion technological properties of the mixture, and on its compounds influencing burning and different emissions. Waste recovery facilities do not take over fuel below a specific calorific value and over a given heavy metal, halogen and pollutant content.
In our research we were looking for correlations in the particle size, calorific value, moisture-, ash- and heavy metal content of waste derived fuel. On the basis of the measurement results, the connection between the particle size fractions and the fuel properties can clearly be stated. The fractions of smaller particle size have higher moisture-, ash- and heavy metal content, while the fractions of bigger particle size have higher calorific value.
Human chondrocyte-conditioned medium promotes chondrogenesis of bone marrow stem cells
Authors: Razali Rabiatul Adawiyah , Lokanathan Yogeswaran , Chowdhury Shiplu Roy , Yahaya Nor Hamdan Mohamad , Saim Aminuddin Bin , Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Cell-based therapy for osteoarthritis requires culturing of good quality cells, especially with a chondrogenic lineage, for implantation.

Objective
To investigate the ability of chondrocyte-conditioned medium (CCM) to induced chondrogenesis.

Methods
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were subjected to chondrogenic induction using CCM and chondrocyte induction medium (CIM). The optimal condition for the collection of CCM was evaluated by quantifying the concentration of secreted proteins. The chondrogenic efficiency of BMSCs induced by CCM (iCCM) was evaluated using immunocytochemical analysis, Safranin-O staining, and gene expression.

Results
Protein quantification revealed that CCM obtained from cells at passage 3 at the 72 h collection point had the greatest amount of protein. Supplementation of CCM results in the aggregation of BMSCs; however, no clumping was visible as in iCIM. The expression of collagen type 2 was detected as early as day 7 for all groups except for non-induced BMSCs; however, the level of expression decreased with culture time. Similarly, all tested groups showed positive staining for Safranin-O as early as day 7. The induction of BMSCs by CCM caused the down-regulation of collagen type 1, along with the up-regulation of the collagen type 2, ACP and SOX9 genes.

Conclusion
The optimum CCM to induce BMSC into chondrocytes was collected at passage 3 after 72 h and was used in a 50:50 ratio of CCM to fresh medium.
Digital image processing technique to measure the range of motion of the elbow
Authors: Charoenlap Chris , Piromsopa Krerk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost photography-based arc of motion measurements require human assessment and their accuracy depends on the observer.ObjectivesTo develop a digital image processing technique (DIPT) for measuring elbow range of motion (ROM), and to assess its validity and reliability compared with standard methods.MethodsPhysiotherapists performed digital goniometer and inclinometer ROM measurements bilaterally on healthy volunteer elbows. A photographer took digital images of elbows fully extended and fully flexed 3 times using an 8-megapixel smartphone camera. Extension and flexion angles were calculated using the DIPT. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of all methods was assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A paired Student'sttest and Wilcoxon-signed rank test were used to assess systematic bias. A Bland–Altman plot was used to show possible range of difference between the methods.ResultsWe measured 56 elbows from 28 participants. Intra- and inter-rater ICCs of goniometer and inclinometer showed moderate-to-excellent agreement. Mean extension and flexion angles for the DIPT were greater than those for the goniometer and inclinometer measurements (P< 0.05), but the total ROMs were not significantly different (vs goniometerP= 0.32, vs inclinometerP= 0.53). Limits of agreement were 9.93°–10.05° for extension angle, 9.81°–11.7° for flexion angle, and 13.84°–15.99° for total ROMs.ConclusionsElbow ROM measurement using the current DIPT produces results comparable with goniometer and inclinometer measurements, but the difference from the standard methods was up to 15.99° for total ROM.
Buyer Inspired Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Debnath Sanjoy , Arif Wasim , Baishya Srimanta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNature inspired swarm based meta-heuristic optimization technique is getting considerable attention and established to be very competitive with evolution based and physical based algorithms. This paper proposes a novel Buyer Inspired Meta-heuristic optimization Algorithm (BIMA) inspired form the social behaviour of human being in searching and bargaining for products. In BIMA, exploration and exploitation are achieved through shop to shop hoping and bargaining for products to be purchased based on cost, quality of the product, choice and distance to the shop. Comprehensive simulations are performed on 23 standard mathematical and CEC2017 benchmark functions and 3 engineering problems. An exhaustive comparative analysis with other algorithms is done by performing 30 independent runs and comparing the mean, standard deviation as well as by performing statistical test. The results showed significant improvement in terms of optimum value, convergence speed, and is also statistically more significant in comparison to most of the reported popular algorithms.
Integrodifference master equation describing actively growing blood vessels in angiogenesis
Authors: Bonilla Luis L. , Carretero Manuel , Terragni Filippo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study a system of particles in a two-dimensional geometry that move according to a reinforced random walk with transition probabilities dependent on the solutions of reaction-diffusion equations (RDEs) for the underlying fields. A birth process and a history-dependent killing process are also considered. This system models tumor-induced angiogenesis, the process of formation of blood vessels induced by a growth factor (GF) released by a tumor. Particles represent vessel tip cells, whose trajectories constitute the growing vessel network. New vessels appear and may fuse with existing ones during their evolution. Thus, the system is described by tracking the density of active tips, calculated as an ensemble average over many realizations of the stochastic process. Such density satisfies a novel discrete master equation with source and sink terms. The sink term is proportional to a space-dependent and suitably fitted killing coefficient. Results are illustrated studying two influential angiogenesis models.