bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über die Produktion durchdringender Schauer in verschiedenen Höhenlagen und Materialien, insbesondere in Wasserstoff
Authors: Schultz H. 
Published: September 2020

Zur Entscheidung zwischen den beiden derzeitigen Theorien über die Erzeugung von π-Mesonenschauern beim Zusammenstoß eines schnellen Nukleons mit einem Atomkern, nämlich der multiplen und der pluralen π-Mesonenerzeugung, wurde die Materialabhängigkeit der Produktion harter Schauer mit mindestens 3 geladenen Teilchen untersucht.
Die Apparatur zur Messung der Schauerintensität bestand aus einer Anordnung von Bleischichten und Zählrohren, zwischen denen mindestens 8-fach-Koinzidenzen verlangt wurden. Von außen einfallende Schauer konnten durch über der Erzeugersubstanz befindliche Antikoinzidenz-Zählrohre ausgeschaltet werden.
Messungen in verschiedener Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel ergaben einen exponentiellen Intensitätsanstieg mit einer Absorptionslänge (125 ± 5 g/cm2), die mit der für die Erzeugung von π-Mesonenschauern in Photoplatten gefundenen übereinstimmt und die Auslösung der gemessenen Ereignisse durch schnelle Nukleonen beweist. Zur selben Schlußfolgerung führen Absorptionsmessungen mit Bleischichten oberhalb der Antikoinzidenz-Zählrohre, die als Absorptionslänge die geometrische Kernstoßlänge (160 g/cm2) ergaben.
An Hand der Ergebnisse von Photoplattenuntersuchungen ließ sich zeigen, daß die mittlere Multiplizität der registrierten Schauer 5—7 betrug, was einer Schauerenergie von 6—12 GeV entsprechen dürfte.
Vergleichsmessungen zwischen Paraffin und Graphit ergaben bei Schichtdicken von 60 g/cm2 mit einem mittleren Fehler ± 2 % dieselbe Koinzidenzzahl pro Minute für beide Substanzen, während beim Ausfall des 15-proz. Wasserstoffanteils im Paraffin ein Unterschied von mindestens 10% zu erwarten wäre. Da sich zeigen ließ, daß andere Effekte als eine entsprechende Schauerproduktion zur Erklärung des offensichtlich vorhandenen Wasserstoffanteils kaum ausreichen und nach der Theorie der Einzelerzeugung von π-Me-sonen in Wasserstoff Schauer mit mehr als 3 Teilchen nicht auftreten können, wurde darin ein Beweis für die multiple π-Mesonenerzeugung erblickt.
Zur selben Folgerung führt die Übereinstimmung der Schauererzeugung in Graphit, Aluminium und Eisen, aus der auf einen Erzeugungsquerschnitt je Nukleon geschlossen wurde, der kleiner als der geometrische Stoßquerschnitt ist.
Ein Wasserstoffisotopieeffekt im CuSO4 * 5H2O
Authors: Heinzinger Karl 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There are two kinds of water in CuSO4·5H2O differing by their binding in the crystal. The oxygen of four water molecules is bonded to the copper ion, that of the fifth molecule is hydrogen bonded. It is shown that the D/H ratios of these two kinds of water differ by 5.7%, the light isotope being enriched in the water molecules coordinated with the copper ion. The results show that there is no exchange of the hydrogen isotopes during the time needed for dehydration at room temperature which takes several days. The assumption has been confirmed that the water coordinated with the copper ion leaves the crystal first on dehydration at temperatures below 50 °C. Additional measurements of the separation factor for the hydrogen isotopes between water vapor and copper sulfate solutions allow conclusions on the fractionation of the hydrogen isotopes between bulk water and hydration water in aqueous solutions.
Berechnung der Neutronenemission eines mit einer Hohlpinchentladung erzeugten D-T-Plasmas
Authors: Frank R. G. A. , Klingelhöfer R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The number of neutrons per discharge which are emitted during the collapse of a hollow D-T-z-pinch is calculated. In the system of differential equations describing the radial acceleration of the cylinder by Lorentz-forces the internal pressure of the sheath is incorporated. Due to the pressure-term it is possible to calculate the time dependance of density, temperature and reactionrate within the sheath. Using a capacitor bank of 200 kJoule at 100 kV and a hollow cylinder of 30 cm initial radius and 10 cm height the emission of 3·1013 neutrons is expected during the implosion phase, lasting a few nsec. The optimization of the experimental parameters for maximum neutron emission is given.
The K-conversion Coefficient of the Retarded 482 keV Transition in 181Ta
Authors: El-Nesr M. S. , Bashandy E. 
Published: September 2020

The K-conversion coefficient of the 482 keV transition in 181Ta has been measured by means of an electron-electron coincidence method. The result obtained is αK = 0.0240 ± 0.0012. It is noticed that the Ml conversion process of the 482 keV transition is strongly affected by the penetration terms. The Ml conversion coefficient is about 10 times larger than the normal finite size corrected value.
The internal conversion penetration parameter λ, is found to be: λ = 175 ± 8 in accordance with what is expected on theoretical grounds.
Relaxation von Europiumatomen mit Spin-polarisierter 4f-schale in Edelgasen / Relaxation of Europium Atoms with Spin Polarized 4f-shell in Rare Gas Atmospheres
Authors: Tilgner R. , Fricke J. , Haas J. , Lüscher E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The 4f-shell of Europium was polarized in different rare gas atmospheres by spin exchange with optically pumped Cesium. The estimated cross sections for Europium-rare-gas relaxation turned out to be significantly larger than corresponding Cesium values.
Elastic Constants of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Gruler Hans 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper the splay k11 and bend k33 elastic constants for the homologous series 4,4′-di (n-alkoxy)azoxybenzene (from methyloxy to hexyloxy) were measured as a function of temperature by studying the deformation of the liquid crystal in a magnetic field. The values of these elastic constants (10-6 to 10-5 dyne) all decrease with increasing temperature. The reduced elastic con­stants C11 and C33 which were derived by Saupe and which take into consideration the effect of temperature on the order parameter and on the mole volume should be independent of temperature if there are no changes in short range order.
In the region of the isotropic transition temperature the reduced elastic constants of the homo­logous series show a general increase with increasing alkoxy chain length. This trend can be ex­plained by the increasing molecular length. There is still a strong alternation superimposed upon this trend, however, which can not be due to the alternation of the anisotropic polarizabilities.
To first approximation, the elastic constant ratios for the homologous series can be summarized on a single universal curve. The temperature behavior of the elastic constants can be divided into four groups, each having its own characteristic short range order structure.
Region IV, which is near the smectic phase transition, is characterized by cybotactic groups which exist in the nematic phase and which have a smectic like structure. C33 as well as C11 show a very strong increase in this region as the smectic C phase is approached. This abnormal temperature behavior can be explained as a pretransitional effect because in the smectic C phase C33 and C11 must be quite large because of the planar structure where the molecules are tilted with respect to the plane. In a smectic A phase where the molecules are perpendicular to the plane a pretransitional effect occurs only in C33 as Cheung and Meyer have shown.
In region III C33/C11 ~ 1 and this ratio is temperature independent. This behavior is in agree­ment with our model calculation if the steric units contain only a few' molecules and are approximately spherical and are arranged to form a planar structure.
In region II C33/C11 ~ 2 and C11 and C33 are both independent of temperature. The assumptions made for region III are also valid here except that the steric groups in region II are not arranged in a planar configuration. This assumption is in agreement with the model calculation and has been verified through x-ray experiments.
In region I, which borders upon the isotropic phase, C11 is nearly independent of temperature whereas C33 becomes smaller with inceasing temperature. The model calculation show's that C33 is more sensitive to structural changes than C11. The abnormal temperature behavior of the mole volume in this region is an indication that changes in the short range order structure are occurring.
Numerical Solution of the Spinor-Spinor Bethe-Salpeter Equation in Functional Nonlinear Spinor Theory
Authors: Bauhoff W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The mass eigenvalue equation for mesons in nonlinear spinor theory is derived by functional methods. In second order it leads to a spinorial Bethe-Salpeter equation. This is solved by a variational method with high precision for arbitrary angular momentum. The results for scalar mesons show a shift of the first order results, obtained earlier. The agreement with experiment is improved thereby. An excited state corresponding to the η' is found. A calculation of a Regge trajectory is included,too.
Ground State Centrifugal Distortion Constants of Vinyl Isocyanide, CH2-CH-NC, from the Microwave and Millimeter Wave Rotational Spectra
Authors: Yamada Koichi , Winnewisser Manfred 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The pure rotational spectrum of vinyl isocyanide in the ground vibrational state has been as-signed in the frequency region from 8 GHz to 180 GHz. The measured absorption lines encompass 157 a-type transitions from the qRK , qQ1, qQ2,
qQ3, qQ4 and qQ5 branches and 48 b-type transitions from the rP0 , rP1, rP2, rP3 , rP4 , rP5, rQ0 , and rQ1 branches for values of J up to 54. The rotational constants have been refined and all quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants have been determined using Watson's reduced Hamiltonian. No quadrupole hyperfine splitting was observed.
The Microwave Spectrum of 3,4-Dihydro-1,2-Pyran
Authors: López Juan Carlos , Alonso José L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The rotational transitions of 3,4-dihydro-1,2-pyran in the ground state and six vibrationally excited states have been assigned. The rotational constants for the ground state (A = 5198.1847(24), B = 4747.8716(24) and C = 2710.9161(24) have been derived by fitting μa, μb and μc-type transitions. The dipole moment was determined from Stark displacement measurements to be 1.400(8) D with its principal axis components |μa| =1.240(2), |μb| = 0.588(10) and |μc| = 0.278(8) D. A model calculation to reproduce the ground state rotational constants indicates that the data are consistent with a twisted ring conformation. The average intensity ratio gives vibrational separations between the ground and excited states of the ring-bending and ring-twisting modes of ~ 178 and ~ 277 cm-1 respectively.
Boron Hyperfine Structure in Trifluorophosphine-Borane
Authors: Kasten W. , Dreizler H. , Kuczkowski R. L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We reinvestigated the microwave spectrum of trifluorophosphine-borane by microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy and determined the quadrupole coupling and centrifugal distortion constants for both isotopes 10B and 11B. The B-P bond order is discussed.
Molecular ɡ-values, Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropics, Molecular Electric Quadrupole Moments, improved Molecular Electric Dipole Moments and 14N-Quadrupole Coupling Constants of Acrylonitrile, H2C = CH—CN, and the Magnetic Susceptibility Tensor of the Nitrile Group
Authors: Stolze M. , Sutter D. H. 
Published: September 2020

The highfield, linear and quadratic Zeeman effect has been observed in Acrylonitrile (Vinyl Cyanide). The Zeeman multiplets are complicated by the presence of the 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling, however the 14N nuclear Zeeman effect effectively uncouples 14N spin from the rotational angular momentum. This uncoupling was used to derive improved molecular electric dipole moments from the Stark-shifts in the 211 ← 202 and 312 ← 303 rotational transitions observed under ΔMj=0 selection rule in the presence of a high magnetic field. They are |μa| = 3.815(12)D and |μb| = 0.894(68)D, respectively. From the zero field hfs multiplets, observed under high resolution conditions, improved 14N quadrupole coupling constants were obtained: χaa
N = - 3.7800(21) MHZ, χbb
N - χcc
N = - 0.4200(89) MHz. They are discussed with reference to the structure of the Nitrile group. From the Zeeman splittings of the 101 ← 000, 110 ← 101, 211 ← 202 and 312 ← 303 rotational transitions observed under ΔMj = 0 and ΔMj = ± 1 selection rule, the diagonal elements of the molecular g-tensor and the anisotropics in the diagonal elements of the molecular magnetic susceptibility tensor were obtained as gaa = -0.17901(33), gbb, = - 0.04585(17), gcc = -0.01820(16) and 2 χaa - χbb - χcc = - 7.22(25) 10-6 erg G-2 mole-1 and 2χbb - χcc - χaa = + 15.90(31) 10-6 erg G-2 mole-1.
They are discussed with reference to the molecular electric quadrupole moment, the paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions to the molecular susceptibilities, and the second moments of the electronic charge distribution. The susceptibility data are also used to derive the magnetic susceptibility tensor contribution of the Nitrile group.
Peculiarities of the Ionic Dynamics of Molten Nitrites
Authors: Kirillov S. A. , Tunega D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Polarization measurements in the Raman spectra of molten sodium nitrite have shown that the reorientational line widths of the v1 and v2 bands (both of the A1 symmetry type) of NO2̄ are different. Possible reasons are discussed. Also, the line widths of NO2̄ for various molten nitrites are found to depend on R-4 , the cloasest approach distance in the melt, and on Z, the cation charge number. This dependence agrees with theoretical predictions for the coupling of vibrational and reorientational dephasing caused by ion-dipole interactions.
Universality of NMR Results in LISICON Systems and Other Solid Lithium Conductors
Authors: Bertermann R. , Müller-Warmuth W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The temperature evolution of the 7Li NMR spectra and relaxation rates in many investigated solid lithium conductors shows more or less the same behavior. These compounds are characterized by a disordered lithium sublattice with a surplus of cation sites in cavities and channels of the anionic network. At low temperature, the spectra consist of a central line and a distributed satellite base structure. Upon increasing temperature, both components narrow until a reduced constant width with a well resolved quadrupole structure is reached. The mean nuclear quadrupole coupling parameters reduce by either about 5 or by a factor of 15 in all the compounds. The spin-lattice relaxation rates 1/T1 are asymmetric as a function of reciprocal temperature and of quadrupolar origin. The activation energy of the main process of ionic motion may best be obtained from the temperature dependence of the dipolar spin-spin-relaxation rate 1/T2 . The spectral densities of the relaxation dependences correspond to those for inhomogeneous motions; they may be described by modification of the BPP equation, a Cole-Davidson distribution or a Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function. Within this study three LISICON systems, Li4-3x Gax GeO4 , and two phosphates Li3M2 (PO4)3 (M = Sc, In) were investigated or re-investigated which fit well into this scheme. Activation energies of 39-43 kJ/mol (Li4-3x Gax GeO4 with x = 0.06,0.14, 0.24), 53 kJ/mol (Li 3 Sc 2 (PO4)3) and 75 kJ/mol (Li3 In2 (PO4)3) were obtained.
Studies of Structure and Phase Transition in [C(NH2)3]HgBr3 and [C(NH2)3]HgI3 by Means of Halogen NQR, 1H NMR, and Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Terao Hiromitsu , Hashimoto Masao , Hashimoto Shinichi , Furukawa Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2020

(T
The crystal structure of [C(NH2)3]HgBr3 was determined at room temperature: monoclinic, space group C2/c, Z = 4, a = 775.0(2), b = 1564.6(2), c = 772.7(2) pm, β = 109.12(2)°. In the crystal, almost planar HgBr3- ions are connected via Hg ··· Br bonds, resulting in single chains of trigonal bipyramidal HgBr5 units which run along the c direction. [C(NH2)3]HgI3 was found to be isomorphous with the bromide at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the halogen NQR frequencies (77 < 77K < ca. 380) and the DTA measurements evidenced no phase transition for the bromide, but a second-order phase transition at (251 ± 1) K (Tc1) and a first-order one at (210 ± 1) K for the iodide. The transitions at Tc2
are accompanied with strong supercooling and significant superheating. The room temperature phase (RTP) and the intermediate temperature phase (ITP) of the iodide are characterized by two 127I(m=1/2↔3/2) NQR lines which are assigned to the terminal and the bridging I atoms, respectively. There exist three lines in the lowest temperature phase (LTP), indicating that the resonance line of the bridging atom splits into two. The signal intensities of the 127I(m =1/2↔3/2) NQR lines in the LTP decrease with decreasing temperature resulting in no detection below ca. 100 K. The 127I(m=1/2↔3/2) NQR frequency vs. temperature curves are continuous at Tcl, but they are unusual in the LTP. The T1
vs. Tcurves of 1H NMR for the bromide and iodide are explainable by the reorientational motions of the cations about their pseudo three-fold axes. The estimated activation energies of the motions are 35.0 kJ/mol for the bromide, and 24.1, 30.1, and 23.0 kJ/mol for the RTP, FTP, and LTP of the iodide, respectively
Analysis of self-care videos on YouTube about exchange of intestinal ostomy bags
Authors: Silva Breno Wagner Araújo Cosme da , O Lorena Brito do , Araújo Alana Karoline Dantas , Medeiros Mayra Beatriz Costa , Melo Vivianne Lima de , Sena Julliana Fernandes de , Costa Isabelle Katherinne Fernandes 
Published: September 2020

Objective: to analyze YouTube videos about self-care during the exchange of ostomy bags. Methods: quantitative, descriptive research, carried out on Google. Descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used. Results: of the 32 videos analyzed, 15 addressed the exchange of the one-piece bag and 20, the exchange of two, of these, three presented both bags. The items less performed when exchanging bags for one (73.0%) and two (95.0%) were related for proper collection from the collector. As for the association between who conducted the videos of one and two pieces and the number of hits and errors, there weren´t significant differences (p=0.896; p=0.953). Conclusion: the videos didn´t include all the elements about self-care during the exchange of ostomy bags, especially with regard to the adequate removal of the collector; however, they provided general information about the exchange of the bag and which can assist in the self-care of this people.
Primary School Teacher’s Professional Learning: Exploring Different Meanings of the Equals Signal
Authors: Barboza Lilian Cristina de Souza , Ribeiro Alessandro Jacques , Pazuch Vinícius 
Published: September 2020

Context: The use of professional learning tasks in practicing teacher education programmer has become a useful way to mobilize and construct knowledge to teach mathematics. Objective: The paper has the aim to identify as professional learning tasks based on classroom practice contribute to the mobilization and expansion of the algebraic thinking of primary school teachers, regarding to the different meanings of the equal sign. Design: This research is part of a qualitative methodology and a theoretical interpretive perspective. Settings and Participants: The research had been realized in a formative process composed of 14 meetings held in a municipal public school in São Paulo, with the participation of 6 teachers from the early years. Data collection and Analysis: Data were collected by documents and observation with video and audio recording, and analyses were done under a deductive approach. Results: Reflections and discussions that occurred during the meetings allowed us to identify traces of signification and construction of the teachers’ algebraic thinking. Conclusion: The study made it possible to identify resignification by the teachers of the sign of equality, going from operational to equivalence and relational.
Redução de Danos na realidade do CAPS-ad de Quixadá (CE)
Authors: Sobral de Lima Leandro , Pinheiro Montenegro Francisco Valberdan 
Published: September 2020

Esse texto apresenta uma síntese da pesquisa de Trabalho de Conclusão da Residência Integrada em Saúde (TCR), na ênfase de saúde mental, e teve como objetivo principal analisar a compreensão da equipe multiprofissional do CAPS-AD de Quixadá/CE sobre a política de redução de danos e sua relação com a prática profissional. A pesquisa realizada foi qualitativa e os instrumentos utilizados, na coleta e análise dos dados, foram: observação participante com registro em diário de campo; entrevista semiestruturada; pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de conteúdo. Como resultados principais, identificamos a existência de uma compreensão crítica, por parte dos interlocutores, sobre a política de drogas no Brasil; um conhecimento genérico acerca da estratégia de redução de danos; e desafios cotidianos para “colocar em prática” formas de cuidado consonantes com a estratégia de redução de danos, para além da socialização de informações.
The Role of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Cognitive Bias, and Resilience in Predicting Depression in Infertile People
Authors: Mohammadpanah Ardakan Azra , Shams Sahar 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal-structural relationship of cognitive bias and resiliency with depression in infertile people considering the mediating role of general anxiety.
Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted based on the application of findings. In order to conduct research among all infertile women who referred to infertility clinics in Yazd, 200 individuals were selected through a convenient sampling method. To collect data, focused cognitive bias questionnaires, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (Short Form), and Spitzer et al. Inclusive Scale Anxiety Scale were used. Structural Equation Modeling method was also applied to analyze the data.
Results: The findings showed that high cognitive bias and low resilience were effective in incidence of depression and anxiety among infertile people. In other words, higher cognitive bias and lower resilience increased depression and general anxiety in infertile people. Moreover, the conceptual model designed in the research was fitted using structural equation method.
Conclusion: Findings showed that cognitive bias in infertile people predicts resilience, which is an effective factor in changing the rate of general anxiety and depression. In addition, general anxiety plays an important role in predicting depression.