bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B002: Restoring Balance, a physical activity intervention for Native cancer survivors, preliminary analysis (NNR.14.192)
Authors: Bea Jennifer W , de Heer Hendrik , Lane Taylor , Charley Brenda , Yazzie Etta , Hudson Jennifer , Mitchell Mishayla , Wertheim Betsy , Schwartz Anna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Physical activity has been shown to improve quality of life, body composition, metabolic and physical function, and survival among cancer survivors. However, no studies have focused on Native American cancer survivors. Methods: Native cancer survivors and family members were enrolled in a 12-week multi-site, randomized supervised and home-based physical activity intervention (n = 63). The intervention includes 1d/wk supervised resistance, aerobic, flexibility, and balance and 2-3 days/wk of home-based exercise. National guidelines for survivorship exercise training were culturally tailored based focus groups and interviews, as well as cultural expert program review by representatives from 10 tribes. Preliminary descriptive statistics (mean, SD) and six and twelve week changes in weight (kg), fat mass (%), HbA1c (%), fitness by 6min walk test (meters), and quality of life by PROMIS10 questionnaire score have been assessed by paired t-test for survivors only (n = 30). Though currently under powered, data collection is ongoing and will be updated as participants complete the 12-week intervention. Results: Participants were 58.4 ± 12.2 years of age. Tumor types were breast (n = 7), colorectal (n = 7), stomach (n = 2), lung (n = 2), and other varied cancers. Reasons for loss to follow-up were: repeat surgeries or change in clinical care plan (n=3), loss of family members (n=1), and loss of contact (n=3). Comorbidities for cancer survivors included: diabetes (n=7), cardiovascular disease (N=13). Twenty-two Native cancer survivors have completed six weeks of intervention and 14 Native cancer survivors have completed twelve weeks of intervention thus far. Weight loss was significant at six weeks (-1.0 ± 2.2kg; p=0.04), but not twelve weeks. Fitness and quality of life were improved by twelve weeks, 31.9 ± 132m and 1.6±0.4, respectively, though not significant. Conclusions: Tailored exercise programs present opportunities to restore health and balance among Native cancer survivors. This ongoing trial will provide important information on the effects of physical activity in Native cancer survivorship, unaddressed to date.
Citation Format: Jennifer W Bea, Hendrik de Heer, Taylor Lane, Brenda Charley, Etta Yazzie, Jennifer Hudson, Mishayla Mitchell, Betsy Wertheim, Anna Schwartz. Restoring Balance, a physical activity intervention for Native cancer survivors, preliminary analysis (NNR.14.192) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B002.
Abstract C027: A survey of NCI’s extramural microbiome and cancer grant portfolio: Assessing methodologic differences
Authors: Bhattacharjee Prema , Lai Gabriel , Divi Rao , Mahabir Somdat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background. Over the last decade, studies have reported that changes in composition of microbiome may be associated with certain disease states in humans, raising the possibility that managing microbial communities may become important in disease prevention and control. Human microbiome refers to all microorganisms on or in the human body, their genes, and surrounding environmental conditions. Studies on the microbiome suggest that errors at each step in the microbiome analysis pipeline, such as sample collection, transport, storage, DNA extraction/sequencing, bioinformatics, statistical methods, and covariates can contribute to variation in microbiome results. Use of different methods and tools may also impede comparison of microbiome results across studies. It is imperative that we capture microbiome information with high accuracy so that we can understand the microbiome’s role in cancer. The National Cancer Institute has funded several studies focused on the human microbiome and cancer. The purpose of our study was to present our assessment of consistency of the methods and technologies used by the cancer epidemiology studies for capturing the microbiome. Methods. We reviewed studies funded between 2013-2018 and extracted information on basic covariates such as demographics and diet; type of biospecimens collected; and the methods used for biospecimen collection, storage, shipping, DNA extraction and sequencing, and bioinformatic tools used for microbiome analysis. We identified 46 relevant funded studies and our assessment found widespread differences in methodologies and technologies used, and in important covariate information collected. Results. For the differences in methodologies and technologies, the results suggest that there is a need for standardization and harmonization of microbiome protocols to minimize variation in results for improving rigor and reproducibility of the findings. In addition, majority of the studies included predominantly non-Hispanic white participants. There is a need to include diverse groups of participants as it is probable that the microbial composition could vary within other racial/ethnic groups due to differing exposures. Conclusion. Given the link between microbiome and cancer, our findings emphasize the need for improving rigor and reproducibility of microbiome analyses by using standardized methods and racially diverse samples in future research studies.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Prema Bhattacharjee, Gabriel Lai, Rao Divi, Somdat Mahabir. A survey of NCI’s extramural microbiome and cancer grant portfolio: Assessing methodologic differences [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C027.
Abstract C056: Application of precision public health approaches to maximize limited resources for community-based liver cancer prevention educational sessions
Authors: Gonzalez Evelyn T , Nguyen Min , Lynch Shannon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To address the growing liver cancer burden in the city of Philadelphia and support precision public health, we utilized existing data resources from our community health partners and the PA Department of Public Health to conduct a geospatial analysis that identified communities at the census tract level with both a higher than expected rate of liver cancer and a strong community partner presence to target for liver cancer prevention education. Methods: Pennsylvania(PA) Liver Cancer Registry data from 2007-2014 were linked to the address location of community partners associated with the Fox Chase Cancer Center at the census tract (CT) level using ArcGIS software. Space-time scan statistics (SatScan software) identified CTs with significantly elevated rates of incident liver cancer (p-value&lt;0.05), adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, diagnosis year. Point locations of community partners were plotted against liver cancer cluster maps to identify existing community partners in those areas where liver cancer rates were higher than expected in Philadelphia. The Office of Community Outreach (OCO) worked with community partners in high risk areas to deliver bilingual (English-Spanish) liver cancer education sessions. Plain language materials were then developed by the OCO to support the program. Pre-post tests were administered utilizing automatic response system to assess the impact and utility of the educational sessions and the likelihood to change behavior. Results: Of the 386 census tracts in Philadelphia, 153 were found to have higher than expected rates of liver cancer. 15 of 65 existing community partners were located in a high risk census tract. OCO staff have embarked on an educational outreach initiative, working with the identified community partners, offering bilingual education. Preliminary results from pre-post surveys will be analyzed and presented. Conclusions: Coupling disease cluster and community partner data improves the identification of areas with a liver cancer burden and reduces intervention targets. These methods could be utilized in other cancer control settings to maximize limited resources and prioritize cancer prevention efforts.
Citation Format: Evelyn T Gonzalez, Min Nguyen, Shannon Lynch. Application of precision public health approaches to maximize limited resources for community-based liver cancer prevention educational sessions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C056.
Abstract C061: Neighborhood racial context and race- and subtype-specific breast cancer incidence among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White women in California, 2006-2015
Authors: Michaels Eli K. , Beyer Kirsten M.M. , Zhou Yuhong , Canchola Alison J. , Shariff-Marco Salma , Gomez Scarlett L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Determinants of racial inequities in risk of subtype-specific breast cancers are poorly understood. Features of the neighborhood context may contribute to racial inequities along the breast cancer continuum, however few have examined subtype-specific incidence. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the association between the neighborhood racial context (housing discrimination and racial composition) and race- and subtype-specific breast cancer incidence among NH Black and NH White women in California. METHODS: We merged data from the California Cancer Registry on women aged 20+ diagnosed with primary breast cancer between 2006-2015 with neighborhood racial context at time of diagnosis: census tract % NH Black and a new racial bias index derived using 2007-2013 data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. We used Poisson regression to estimate associations between neighborhood racial context and race- and Luminal A and TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer)-specific incidence rates, adjusting for neighborhood confounders. RESULTS: We identified n=104,716 cases of Luminal A and n=15,739 cases of TNBC over the study period. Among Black women, living in a high % Black census tract was associated with higher incidence of Luminal A (IRRadj=1.16 (1.08, 1.24)) and TNBC (IRRadj=1.17 (1.04, 1.32)) subtypes, relative to residence in low % Black tracts. No statistically significant association between neighborhood racial composition and either subtype was observed among NH Whites, nor between racial bias in mortgage lending and breast cancer among either racial group. CONCLUSION: Neighborhood racial composition may proxy cross-cutting social and environmental risk factors for breast cancer, regardless of subtype. These exposures may disproportionately burden Black versus White women with respect to breast cancer risk.
Citation Format: Eli K. Michaels, Kirsten M.M. Beyer, Yuhong Zhou, Alison J. Canchola, Salma Shariff-Marco, Scarlett L. Gomez. Neighborhood racial context and race- and subtype-specific breast cancer incidence among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White women in California, 2006-2015 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C061.
Abstract C073: The association between 27-hydroxycholesterol metabolizing enzymes, CYP27A1 and CYP7B1, expression and mortality in a multiethnic U.S. population of breast cancer patients
Authors: Loo Lenora WM , Shvetsov Yurii B , Cheng Iona , Hernandez Brenda Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the U.S. Obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for breast cancer in postmenopausal women and is a key predictor for poor prognosis. Postulated mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and post-menopausal breast cancer include higher levels of estradiol, hypercholesterolemia, and inflammation. 27-hydroxychlolesterol (27HC) is produced when cholesterol is metabolized by the enzyme, sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1), a conversion that is reversed by the catabolizing enzyme, oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1). Laboratory studies established that 27HC is an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) capable of promoting breast cancer growth by binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) and by increasing the metastatic potential of breast tumors through the activation of the liver X receptor (LXR). However, there are significant gaps in the understanding of 27HC’s complex role in breast cancer pathobiology and breast cancer survival, particularly in multiethnic populations. We examined the association between protein expression profiles for CYP27A1 and CYP7B1 with breast cancer-specific and overall mortality in a multiethnic U.S. population by conducting immunohistochemical analyses, utilizing commercially available antibodies to CYP27A1 and CYP7B1, on a total of 787 invasive breast tumors included in a population-based tissue microarray. Based on Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with adjustment for age, stage, ER and progesterone receptor (PR) status, and first course treatment, we did not observe significant associations between expression of CYP27A1 or CYP7B1 and mortality across all cases. However, in subgroup analyses within major racial/ethnic groups (Caucasian, Japanese, and Native Hawaiian) we observed a significant negative association for CYP7B1 expression for both breast cancer-specific (HR=0.057, 95% CI: 0.012-0.264) and overall mortality (HR=0.119, 95% CI: 0.028-0.509) among Native Hawaiian women, but not among Caucasian or Japanese women. This is the first report to demonstrate racial/ethnic differences in the association between the levels of these cholesterol regulating enzymes in breast tumors and survival in a multiethnic population of breast cancer patients.
Citation Format: Lenora WM Loo, Yurii B Shvetsov, Iona Cheng, Brenda Y Hernandez. The association between 27-hydroxycholesterol metabolizing enzymes, CYP27A1 and CYP7B1, expression and mortality in a multiethnic U.S. population of breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C073.
Abstract C098: Correlates of cervical cancer screening among Pacific Islander women on Guam and Hawaii
Authors: Badowski Grazyna , Dulana Louis , Somera Lilnabeth P , Cassel Kevin , Lee Hye-ryeon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background There are significant disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates among Pacific Islander women. Native Hawaiian females have the highest incidence rates for cervical cancer in HI, and Chamorro and Micronesian have the highest incidence rates on Guam. The objective of this study was to examine the rates and the correlates of Pap smear test among Pacific Islander women. Methods This study conducted a cross-sectional survey using respondent driven sampling (RDS) of 802 women aged 21-65, including 235 Native Hawaiians, 190 Chuukese, 119 Marshallese, 157 Chamorro and 62 Filipino from Guam and Hawaii. Self-reported screening rates were compared across ethnic groups and migrant status using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Binary logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of cervical cancer screening. Results Only 64% of our sample had received a screening for cervical cancer within the past 3 years. Filipino women had the highest screening rates (71%) followed by Chamorro (69%), Marshallese (68%), Native Hawaiian (64%) and Chuukese (58%). There was no significant difference in screening rates between women aged 21-39 and 40-65. Recent migrants were less likely to have been screen within the past 3 years when compared to US born respondents (OR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.84) even after adjusting for education and having health care. Those women agreeing with the statement that health systems treat people unfairly based on their ethnic background were less likely to be screen (OR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.81) when compared with those who did not agree. Conclusion The rates for cervical cancer screening tests for Pacific Island women remain far below the goals set forth in Healthy People 2010. Culturally competent, community-based care for women is needed to increase Pap smear screening among minority groups
Citation Format: Grazyna Badowski, Louis Dulana, Lilnabeth P Somera, Kevin Cassel, Hye-ryeon Lee. Correlates of cervical cancer screening among Pacific Islander women on Guam and Hawaii [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C098.
Abstract C119: Cancer screening disparities among rural sexual minority individuals: Implication for prevention and policy
Authors: Lee Min Jee , Jenkins Wiley , Boakye Eric Adjei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Although a few studies have examined screening uptake among sexual minority, almost none have examined it in the specific context of rural populations. Therefore, the objective was to assess how cancer screening utilization might vary by residence (rural versus urban) and sexual orientation. Methods: Publicly available population-level data from the 2014 and 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were utilized. Study outcomes included recommended recent breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening receipt. Independent variables of interest were residence (rural/urban) and sexual orientation (heterosexual/gay/bisexual). Weighted proportions and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess the association between the independent variables and the outcomes. Analyses were conducted in 2018. Results: Rates for all three screenings were lowest in rural areas and among sexual minority populations (cervical cancer among lesbians, rural at 64.8%; breast cancer among lesbians, rural at 66.8%; and CRC among bisexual, rural men at 52.4%). For CRC screening, both rural gay and heterosexual rural males were less likely to receive screening (aOR=0.45; 95%=0.24-0.73 and aOR=0.79; 95%=0.72-0.87, respectively) while only rural heterosexual females were less likely (aOR=0.87; 95%=0.80-0.94). For cervical cancer screening, heterosexuals were less likely to be screened (aOR=0.83; 95%=0.72-0.94), and there were no differences for breast cancer. Conclusions: We found that rural sexual minorities may experience disparities in cancer screening utilization associated with the compounding barriers of rural residence and sexual orientation. Further work is needed to identify factors influencing these disparities and how they might be addressed.
Citation Format: Min Jee Lee, Wiley Jenkins, Eric Adjei Boakye. Cancer screening disparities among rural sexual minority individuals: Implication for prevention and policy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C119.
Abstract D055: Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced toxicity to acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Tchounwou Paul , Kumar Sanjay , Brown Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), is a blood cancer that accounts for about 10% of all acute myloid leukemia cases. Each year in the United States, APL affects about 1,500 patients of all age groups and causes approximately 1.2% of cancer deaths. Research has also pointed out the Hispanic populations have a higher incidence of APL compared to other racial groups. Cisplatin) is a widely used anti-tumor drug for the treatment of a broad range of human malignancies with successful therapeutic outcomes for head and neck, ovarian, and testicular cancers. It has been found to inhibit cell cycle progression and to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in APL cells. However, its molecular mechanisms of cytotoxic action are poorly understood. We hypothesized that cisplatin induces cytotoxicity through DNA adduct formation, oxidative stress, transcriptional factors (p53 and AP-1), cell cycle regulation, stress signaling and apoptosis in APL cells. Methods: We used the APL cell line as a model, and applied a variety of molecular tools (cytotoxicity and oxidative stress assays, western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy) to elucidate cytototoxic mode of action of cisplatin. Results: We found that cisplatin inhibited cell proliferation by a cytotoxicity characterized by DNA-adduct formation, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, stress signaling and apoptosis in APL cells. Cisplatin also activated p53 and phosphorylated activator protein (AP-1) component, c-Jun at serine (63, 73) residue simultaneously leading to cell cycle arrest through stimulation of p21 and down regulation of cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases (cdks) in APL cell lines. It strongly activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis through alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, and up-regulation of caspase 3 activity by modulating p38MAPK pathway in APL cells. Conclusion: Overall the findings from this study provide novel targets of cisplatin mode of action that may be very useful in designing of new APL drugs.
Citation Format: Paul Tchounwou, Sanjay Kumar, Andrea Brown. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced toxicity to acute promyelocytic leukemia cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D055.