bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadets in portuguese military academies: a sociological portrait
Authors: Carreiras Helena , Bessa Fernando , Ávila Patrícia , Malheiro Luís 
Published: August 2020

The aim of this article is to revisit the question of the social origins of the armed forces officer corps, using data drawn from a survey to all cadets following military training at the three Portuguese service academies in 2016. It puts forward the question of whether the sociological characteristics of the future military elite reveal a pattern of convergence with society or depart from it, in terms of geographical origins, gender and social origins. The article offers a sociological portrait of the cadets and compares it with previous studies, identifying trends of change and continuity. The results show that there is a diversified and convergent recruitment pattern: cadets are coming from a greater variety of regions in the country than in the past; there is a still an asymmetric but improving gender balance; self-recruitment patterns are rather stable, and there is a segmented social origin pointing to the dominance of the more qualified and affluent social classes. In the conclusion questions are raised regarding future civil-military convergence patterns as well as possible growing differences between ranks.
Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Sleep Quality in Student Athletes After Concussion: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mazzeo Samantha , Silverberg Craig , Oommen Tiffany , Moya Diane , Angelo Nicole , Zwibel Hallie , Mancini Jayme , Leder Adena , Yao Sheldon C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Impaired sleep quality is among many symptoms observed in patients with a concussion and may predispose a patient to a prolonged recovery course and a later return to their daily activities. Studies have suggested that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may play a role in improving sleep quality.

Objective
To investigate how OMT may play a role in the management and overall healing process in patients with a concussion by improving sleep quality.

Methods
Data were collected from a randomized, controlled study on OMT and concussion (of which this study represents 1 arm) to investigate the effects of OMT vs concussion education counseling on sleep quality in student athletes with a concussion. Student athletes with no medical history of neurodegenerative disease who presented to the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Academic Healthcare Center with a concussion following a sport-related injury were enrolled in the study. Participants received OMT intervention or standard counseling on how to care for a concussion during their first and second visits. Participants rated their symptoms, including sleep quality, on the validated scale Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition at 3 consecutive visits during 1 week. The mean sleep quality score within and between the OMT and education groups before each of 2 interventions and at the third visit were compared and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
Thirty participants were enrolled in the study. Total symptom data showed a stronger, significant correlation with sleep scores than with other symptoms. Participants receiving OMT (n=16) reported overall 80% and 76% improvement in sleep quality from pre-OMT values to their second and third visits, respectively. Participants who had an educational intervention (n=14) reported a 36% and 46% improvement from pre-OMT values to their second and third visits, respectively.

Conclusion
The beneficial relationship trend between OMT and sleep quality in patients with a concussion was not statistically significant. Owing to the limitations of this study, further research with a larger population and sham control participants is warranted. (Clinicaltrials.gov No. NCT02750566)
Whole-genome characterisation of multidrug resistant monophasic variants ofSalmonellaTyphimurium from pig production in Thailand
Authors: Patchanee Prapas , Tanamai Prawitchaya , Tadee Phacharaporn , Hitchings Matthew D. , Calland Jessica K. , Sheppard Samuel K. , Meunsene Dethaloun , Pascoe Ben , Tadee Pakpoom 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundMonophasicSalmonellaTyphimurium orS. enterica1,4,[5],12:i:- is among the top five serotypes reported in Thailand. In this study, nineteen monophasicS. Typhimurium from the pig production chain in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces during 2011–2014 were sequenced and compared to a globally disseminated clone. Isolates were probed in silico for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes andSalmonellavirulence factors, including Pathogenicity Islands.ResultsAll isolates were from sequence type 34 (ST-34) and clustered similarly in core and pangenome genealogies. The two closest related isolates showed differences in only eighteen loci from whole-genome multilocus sequence typing analysis. All 19 isolates carried aminoglycoside and beta-lactam class resistance genes and genes for five or more different antibiotic classes. Seven out of 14 known SPIs were detected, including SPI-5, SPI-13 and SPI-14, which were detected in all isolates.ConclusionsThe multi-drug resistant clone, ST-34 was sampled at all stages of pork production. This clone has infiltrated global agricultural processes and poses a significant public health risk. Differences in the core and accessory genomes of the isolates we collected suggest that strains persist though the pork production process, with evidence of mutation within the core-genome and horizontal acquisition of genes, potentially via sharing of pathogenicity islands and plasmids. This highlights the importance of surveillance and targeted intervention measures to successfully controlSalmonellacontamination.
Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Potassium Dichromate-induced Haematoxicity and Oxidative Stress in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Azeez O. I. , Braimah S. F. 
Published: August 2020

Effect of potassium dichromate was studied experimentally in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with and without vitamin E in induced haematoxicity and oxidative stress. Blood samples were collected for haematology and plasma biochemical parameters while gills, liver and kidney samples were collected for evaluation of markers of oxidative stress. Exposure to potassium dichromate led to a significant decrease in PCV, RBC, haemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH and total WBC when compared with the unexposed control and those fed with vitamin E-supplemented feed. Nephrotoxicity was also observed as evidenced by increases in plasma creatinine levels. Exposure to potassium dichromate also led to increased oxidative stress as the concentrations of antioxidant endogenous enzymes - GPx, GST and GSH were depleted while potentiating lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical generation. The changes in the haematological, biochemical and antioxidant parameters were restored in the fish fed with vitamin E-supplemented feed. The study showed exposure to potassium dichromate to be toxic to African catfish, causing anaemia and kidney damage with free radical generation and depletion of GSH and other antioxidant defence system but the toxic effect can be minimised along with weight gain in fish supplemented by vitamin – E in aquaculture.
Effect of Residue Management and Cropping System on Direct Deeded Rice and System Productivity
Authors: Kumari Alisha , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Rajan , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: August 2020

A field experiment was conducted during three seasons of 2018-19 at RPCAU, Pusa to evaluate the Effect of Residue Management and Cropping Systems on direct seeded rice and System productivity. Treatments comprised cropping systems in main plots: C1 - Rice - Wheat - Fallow, C2 - Rice - Wheat - Green Gram, C3 - Rice - Maize - Dhaincha, C4 - Rice - Maize + Potato - Dhaincha, C5 - Rice - Maize + Green Pea - Dhaincha and moisture regimes in sub plots with 3 days disappearance of ponded water in kharif season, three levels of IW/CPE ratio in rabi season I1 - IW/CPE = 0.6, I2 - IW/CPE = 0.8, I3 - IW/CPE = 1.0. Maximum number of tillers (273.55/m2), dry matter production (1464.91g/m2), number of panicles/m2 (267.80 m2), grain yield (52.21q/ha) of rice was observed in C5 cropping system and panicle length (23.99 cm cm), number of grains /panicle (160.05), straw yield (69.58 q/ha) in C4 which was significantly superior than C1 cropping system. Plant height and 1000 grain weight, harvest index and Land Use Efficiency (LUE) were non significantly affected by different cropping systems. Maximum Rice Economic Yield (REY) of 24.26 t/ha and Production efficiency (PE) 73.97 kg/ha/day was observed in C4 which was significantly superior to rest of treatments. In sub plot maximum REY (15.905 t/ha) and PE (49.81 kg/ha/day) were observed in IW/CPE ratio 1 which was significantly superior to IW/CPE ratio 0.6 and 0.8.
Economic Supply and Demand with Data Analytics Functionalities
Authors: Gambo Richard C. 
Published: August 2020

The primary goal of this article is to start a discussion about the possibility to connect supply and demand with data analytics functionalities in the frame of a dynamic system environment. So, a number of classical supply and demand topics, concepts, and definitions, as well as state-of-the-art data analytics concepts are reviewed firstly. Then, the critical modeling problem of both concepts “supply” and “demand” using system dynamics is introduced, analyzed, and examined. Finally, supply, demand, big data and data analytics are considered in a system dynamics modeling environment.
Actually, the proposed paper provides an initial approach (introduction) to the main (basic) procedures, analytical approaches and methods of data and big data analysis. In particular, a framework to help program staff in their job and approaches on supply and demand issues using big data procedures and methods is presented. Accordingly, this article aims to support the work of data analytics and statistics staff across various content areas with big data functionalities.
This article was created because the state-of-the-art concept “using data and information in meaningful and smart ways” includes many opportunities and possibilities and obviously a great deal of information is involved. Doubtless, some of this information has a great complexity and it is highly dependent upon specialized data, information and knowledge like the “data analytics” concept. However, there are many ways of “using data in smart ways” that are more primitive and that involve relatively simple enough procedures.
Hence, the purpose of the current paper is to provide data analytics functionalities in supply and demand applications with a contemporary framework for thinking about, working with, and benefiting from an increased ability to use big data smartly and efficiently.
Finally, the current paper should be characterized as a knowledge generation opinion article which recommends the inclusion of data analytics and distributed technology in supply and demand industry in order to enhance functionalities and compatibility to state-of-the-art ICT.
A dimensão regional na formação da vida cultural no Meio Norte
Authors: Dantas Filho Alberto Pedrosa 
Published: August 2020

<p>Pesquisa sobre as bases econômicas, sociais e culturais comuns entre os atuais estados do Maranhão e do Piauí e as demandas infraestruturais envolvidas na formação de vida citadina. É feita segmentação historiográfica em dois períodos respeitantes à fase luso-americana e à anexação do território piauiense ao Maranhão. Propõe-se como base epistemológica a segmentação histórica e qualitativa em quatro períodos. Estabelecimento de componentes históricas relativas à anexação do território do Piauí ao Maranhão, formação da economia agroexportadora do gado, processo de migração, formação das cidades ribeiras e o papel exercido pelos rios da sub-região Meio Norte na dinâmica de circularidades entre os municípios com reflexos na formação da vida musical. Conclui-se que o processo histórico do Meio Norte repercute na atualidade musical dos dois estados. </p>
Improving the quality of obstetric care at the teaching hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Ifenne D , Essien E , Golji N , Sabitu K , Alti‐Mu'azu M , Musa A , Adidu V , Mukaddas M 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPreliminary studies: Research at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Nigeria, showed delay in treating women with obstetric complications and highlighted multiple contributing factors. Interventions: In response, a surgical theater was restored to working order, the maternity ward renovated, resident physicians trained in obstetrics and an emergency drug pack system instituted. A system of blood donation from families of women attending antenatal clinics was introduced. Later, community interventions focused on improving access and reducing delay in seeking care. Results: Mean admission‐to‐treatment interval was reduced by 57%, from 3.7 h in 1990 to 1.6 h in 1995. The proportion of women treated in less than 30 min increased from 39% in mid‐1993 to 87% in late 1995. Case fatality rate (CFR) among women with major obstetric complications fell from 14% in 1990 to 11% in 1995. The annual number of women with complications seen, however, declined from 326 in 1990 to 65 in 1995. Costs: Cost of material improvements was approximately US $135 000, of which 65% was provided by government. An additional $8000 per year in new staff salaries was paid by the government. Conclusions: Hospital obstetric services can be improved and government can be mobilized to contribute. Treatment delay and obstetric CFR can be reduced. Deteriorating economic conditions, however, may diminish utilization of services despite improvements. © 1997 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Health care costs of heart failure: results from a randomised study of patient education
Authors: Linné A. Björck , Liedholm H. , Jendteg S. , Israelsson B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Heart failure is a serious syndrome with a bad prognosis. Hospitalisation is common and readmittance rate is high; factors which influence the cost of care and treatment. Only scarce data on detailed patient materials regarding health care costs are known.Aims:To describe in detail the health care costs for heart failure patients.Methods:Costs for patients (n = 108) who completed a randomised education trial were studied for 6 months after hospital discharge. Costs for hospital stay, out‐patient visits, diagnostic tests and procedures, laboratory analyses and drug treatment were calculated. Official unit prices list used to reimburse providers of cross‐boundary health services and prices for drugs in the Swedish Drug Compendium were employed.ResultsThe total cost for a heart failure patient was approximately 20000 SEK (2564 US$, 7.80 SEK = 1 US$) for 6 months. There was a 27‐fold variation between patients. There was no relation between age or sex and cost. In decreasing order cost for hospitalisation was followed by costs for out‐patient visits, diagnostic tests and procedures, laboratory analyses and drugs.Conclusion:Hospitalisation was the largest part of the total cost and there was a large inter‐individual variation. Efforts to reduce the economic burden should be focused on hospitalisation. Due to skewed distribution, individual data must be considered in the analysis of the efforts.
Patterns of emergency shelters in coastal plains a case study after the great east Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in Higashi‐Matsushima City
Authors: Araki Yuko , Tsuboi Sotaro , Hokugo Akihiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt has been pointed out that during large‐scale disasters, some evacuees cannot receive necessary support since they evacuate to places other than the shelters pre‐designated by the government. This is due to the fact that prior evacuation plans do not match the actual evacuation situation, and that the information collection and support system are not examined thoroughly beforehand. This research aims to contribute to the provision of measures on how to prepare for the occurrence of non‐designated shelters and evacuees and provide immediate support activities for evacuees after a disaster. From a case study of events in Higashi‐Matsushima during the Great East Japan Earthquake, we examined the occurrence and causes of evacuation within the coastal plains and showed that non‐designated shelters were also found in flooded areas of coastal plains.
Augmentation in restless legs syndrome: an eye tracking study on emotion processing
Authors: Ellmerer Philipp , Heim Beatrice , Stefani Ambra , Peball Marina , Werkmann Mario , Holzknecht Evi , Bergmann Melanie , Brandauer Elisabeth , Sojer Martin , Zamarian Laura , Delazer Margarete , Seppi Klaus , Högl Birgit , Poewe Werner , Djamshidian Atbin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess emotional processing and alexithymia in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) with augmentation versus those who never had augmentation.MethodsWe recruited 26 patients who had a history of augmentation (AUG), either current or past, 27 RLS patients treated with dopamine agonists who never had augmentation (RLS controls), and 21 healthy controls (HC). All participants were screened for impulse control disorders (ICDs). Alexithymia was assessed by means of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale – 20 (TAS‐20). Facial emotion recognition was tested through an eye‐tracking task. Furthermore, all participants performed neuropsychological tests assessing global cognitive status, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression.ResultsICD symptoms occurred more frequently in AUG patients than in RLS controls (P = 0.047). Patients with AUG scored higher on the TAS‐20 (P = 0.007) and the attentional subdomain of an impulsivity scale (BIS‐11; P = 0.015) compared to HC. Patients with AUG also performed worse on the facial emotion recognition task relative to RLS controls (P = 0.009) and HC (P = 0.003). We found a group difference for the time to first fixation and the fixation count in the mouth region (P = 0.019 and P = 0.021, respectively). There were no other differences in the eye tracking examination.InterpretationThis study showed evidence of poorer emotional processing in patients who had augmentation compared to RLS patients without augmentation and healthy controls. The altered exploration pattern of faces and the higher alexithymia scores suggest abnormalities in emotion processing in patients with augmentation.
Helical Networks of π‐Conjugated Rods – A Robust Design Concept for Bicontinuous Cubic Liquid Crystalline Phases with Achiral Ia3¯d and Chiral I23 Lattice
Authors: Dressel Christian , Reppe Tino , Poppe Silvio , Prehm Marko , Lu Huanjun , Zeng Xiangbing , Ungar Goran , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phases of π‐conjugated molecules, representing self‐assembled 3D‐ordered interpenetrating networks with cubic symmetry, are receiving increasing attention due to their capacity for charge transport in all three dimensions and their inherent spontaneous helicity. Herein, a robust general design concept for creating bicontinuous cubic phases is reported. It is based on a nonsymmetric‐substituted π‐conjugated 5,5′‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene platform with one end containing three out‐fanning flexible chains and with a range of substituents at the other end (the apex). The cubic phases are stable over broad temperature ranges, often down to ambient temperature, and tolerate a wide range of apex substitution patterns, allowing structural diversity and tailoring of the cubic phase type and application‐relevant properties. With an increasing number and size of apex substituents, a sequence of three different modes of cubic self‐assembly is observed, following an increasing helical twist. Thus, two ranges of the achiral double network Iad phase range can be distinguished, a long pitch and a short pitch, with the chiral triple network I23 cubic phase in the intermediate pitch range. The findings provide a new prospect for the directed design of cubic phase‐forming functional materials based on spontaneously formed helical network liquid crystals with tunable application specific properties.
Planar Organic‐Si Hybrid Solar Cell with MoOx Mixed PEDOT:PSS as Hole Injection Layer Profits from Mo5+ and Mo6+ Synergistic Effects
Authors: Fang Wenzhong , Wang Pan , Ni Zitao , Sun Tao , Xiang Chaoyu , Yue Kun , Wang Rongfei , Yang Jie , Zhou Yao , Wang Chong , Yang Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole injection layer plays an important role in planar Si/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction solar cells (HSCs). Herein, a MoOx mixed aqueous PEDOT:PSS cosolvent is developed and is applied into a Si/PEDOT:PSS solar cell preparation via a time‐saving one‐step spin‐coating method. With an optimal concentration of MoOx dopants, the power conversion efficiency of the device exhibits from 10.26% up to 13.82% with all inherent photovoltaic parameters enhanced. The detailed characterization and analytical results indicate that an advanced electronic property is produced by MoOx dopants and interface optimization caused by synergistic effects from Mo5+ and Mo6+ species with PEDOT:PSS, which enhances its interface work function and promotes hole transportation capacity. The result paves a path for exploring efficient Si/PEDOT:PSS HSCs with suitable functional material and a simple solution‐processable method.
Development and Evaluation of 3D‐Printed Dry Microneedle Electrodes for Surface Electromyography
Authors: Krieger Kevin J. , Liegey Jérémy , Cahill Ellen M. , Bertollo Nicky , Lowery Madeleine M. , O'Cearbhaill Eoin D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurface electromyography (sEMG) allows for direct measurement of electrical muscle activity with use in fundamental research and many applications in health and sport. However, conventional surface electrode technology can suffer from poor signal quality, requires careful skin preparation, and is commonly not suited for long‐term recording. These drawbacks have challenged translation of sEMG to clinical applications. In this paper, dry 3D‐printed microneedle electrodes (MNEs) are proposed to overcome some of the limitations of conventional electrodes. Employing a direct‐metal‐laser‐sintering (DMLS) 3D printing process, a two‐step fabrication method is developed to produce sharp medical‐grade stainless steel MNEs. The developed MNEs are compared to needle‐free versions and to standard wet Ag/AgCl electrodes. Functional testing is conducted to analyze the electrode–skin impedance in healthy human volunteers and sEMG data are recorded from the biceps brachii muscle. Results show that microneedle electrodes display a greatly reduced (≈63%) electrode–skin contact impedance with respect to needle‐free electrodes and record sEMG at a signal‐to‐noise ratio comparable to clinical‐grade wet Ag/AgCl electrodes over a period of up to 6 h. Overall, a fabrication method and electrode type are presented which yield high‐quality sEMG signals when evaluated in humans, highlighting the potential of MNEs as a platform for biosignal recording.