bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergrowth of niobium tungsten oxides of the tetragonal tungsten bronze type
Authors: Krumeich Frank 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since the 1970s, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is well established as the most appropriate method to explore the structural complexity of niobium tungsten oxides. Today, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) represents an important alternative for performing the structural characterization of such oxides. STEM images recorded with a high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector provide not only information about the cation positions but also about the distribution of niobium and tungsten as the intensity is directly correlated to the local scattering potential. The applicability of this method is demonstrated here for the characterization of the real structure of Nb7W10O47.5. This sample contains well-ordered domains of Nb8W9O47 and Nb4W7O31 besides little ordered areas according to HRTEM results. Structural models for Nb4W7O31 and twinning occurring in this phase have been derived from the interpretation of HAADF-STEM images. A remarkable grain boundary between well-ordered domains of Nb4W7O31 and Nb8W9O47 has been found that contains one-dimensionally periodic features. Furthermore, short-range order observed in less ordered areas could be attributed to an intimate intergrowth of small sections of different tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) based structures.
FeBiS2Cl – A new iron-containing member of the MPnQ

2

X family
Authors: Remy-Speckmann Ina , Bredow Thomas , Lerch Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The new sulfochloride FeBiS2Cl is obtained as a black powder following a mechanochemical synthesis procedure. The product crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm (no. 63) with lattice parameters a = 3.82142(7), b = 12.2850(2) and c = 9.2911(2) Å. While the iron atom has an octahedral coordination environment, the bismuth atom is coordinated in the form of a bicapped trigonal prism. Both cation polyhedra form alternating layers, for iron built up of corner sharing octahedra along the c axis and edge sharing ones along the a axis. The bismuth polyhedra are connected through shared faces along the c axis and common edges along the a axis. Because of the distribution of sulfur and chlorine on a mixed anion site, the bismuth atoms occupy split positions. Experimental observations are supported by theoretical calculations.
A practical guideline for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram in adults: the British Society of Echocardiography minimum dataset
Authors: Robinson Shaun , Rana Bushra , Oxborough David , Steeds Rick , Monaghan Mark , Stout Martin , Pearce Keith , Harkness Allan , Ring Liam , Paton Maria , Akhtar Waheed , Bedair Radwa , Bhattacharyya Sanjeev , Collins Katherine , Oxley Cheryl , Sandoval Julie , Schofield MBChB Rebecca , Siva Anjana , Parker Karen , Willis James , Daniel X Augustine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since cardiac ultrasound was introduced into medical practice around the middle twentieth century, transthoracic echocardiography has developed to become a highly sophisticated and widely performed cardiac imaging modality in the diagnosis of heart disease. This evolution from an emerging technique with limited application, into a complex modality capable of detailed cardiac assessment has been driven by technological innovations that have both refined ‘standard’ 2D and Doppler imaging and led to the development of new diagnostic techniques. Accordingly, the adult transthoracic echocardiogram has evolved to become a comprehensive assessment of complex cardiac anatomy, function and haemodynamics. This guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography aims to outline the minimum dataset required to confirm normal cardiac structure and function when performing a comprehensive standard adult echocardiogram and is structured according to the recommended sequence of acquisition. It is recommended that this structured approach to image acquisition and measurement protocol forms the basis of every standard adult transthoracic echocardiogram. However, when pathology is detected and further analysis becomes necessary, views and measurements in addition to the minimum dataset are required and should be taken with reference to the appropriate British Society of Echocardiography imaging protocol. It is anticipated that the recommendations made within this guideline will help standardise the local, regional and national practice of echocardiography, in addition to minimising the inter and intra-observer variation associated with echocardiographic measurement and interpretation.
A Poem as a Communiqué: the Communicativeness of Poetry of Onė Baliukonė
Authors: Barkutė Skaistė 
Published: October 2020

This article presents the creation of art – a poesy – in the context of the theory of communication. Multimeaning of the concept of communication supposes plenty of attitudes and considerations and complexity of definition. There exist two different schools of communication studies, one being the process school and the other being the semiotic school. The process school is cantered on the transmission of messages and understanding the effects of it. The semiotic school focuses on communication being a production and exchanging of meanings. It researches how messages and texts interact with people. Since the creation of art is considered as communiqué, so its conveying content relates with, a spiritual link a creator and a perceiver. The article discusses a poem as a communiqué, its place in the structure of the process and semiotic communication models. The article also discusses poesy as a message and its communicativeness, informativeness, and importance. O. Baliukonė’s poetry was taken to implement this aim. The fulfilled research demonstrated that O. Baliukonė actively communicates with a reader through her poems. Decoding is the same creative process as encoding; thus, in this article, attention is paid to the poet’s and also to a reader’s creation of the meaning of a message.
“The Bravo Boys” Band versus Mozart: the Issue of Cultural Message in Contemporary German Language Textbooks
Authors: Głowińska Beata 
Published: October 2020

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had to give way to The Bravo Boys music band. This is what the authors of the textbook entitled Ping Pong 1 and Ping Pong neu 2 have decided to do in the current edition of their book. So, they decided to replace its contents concerning the Composer himself and other representatives of classical music with the report from the concert of the BB. The article attempts to determine who, what characters from the real world populate in contemporary German textbooks, what cultural content it has and whether or not it conforms with the core curriculum standards of the Polish education system. To this end, selected German language textbooks have been analyzed along with the practice material offered by them. The authors of examined textbooks have almost completely abandoned depicting representatives of high culture, of German culture. They have been replaced with representatives of mass culture: mainly models, actors, athletes as well as politicians. Their common feature is the fact that they are universally known: the majority are celebrities while some of them are scandalists. The fact that these persons can be easily recognized seems to increase the students’ learning involvement, but it cannot constitute the only criterion of such selection. The article stresses the responsibility of textbook authors for the quality of cultural message addressed to children and teenagers.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN MODEL INQUIRY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SLB 4 JAKARTA
Authors: Pratama Yoga , Dwirahayu Gelar , Satriawati Gusni 
Published: October 2020

The Extraordinary School (SLB) 4 Jakarta is a school special for deafness students. The deafness students has a difference with a normal students, so there are special treatment for them especially in mathematics teaching. When we observe to school, we get some information about they services to students, one of the information was that the mathematics teacher taught students using inquiry model. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the application of mathematics learning models in SLBN 4 Jakarta for class XI students with hearing impairment in terms of planning and implementing learning, student responses and test results during the learning process, as well as the learning tools or media used. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with research subjects namely one mathematics class teacher and five students of SLBN 4 Jakarta class XI in the 2018/2019 school year. The collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that (1) The preparation of mathematics learning planning in SLBN 4 Jakarta curriculum used was the 2013 curriculum (2) The implementation of mathematics learning in SLBN 4 Jakarta used the expository method and MMR (Reflective Maternal Method) (3) There were 2 results of learning activities, namely student responses and test results (4) mathematics learning tools or media used by teachers are still conventional.
IX convention of Ukrainian Society of soil scientists and agricultural chemists
Authors: Baliuk S. A. , Miroshnychenko M. M. , Momot G. F. 
Published: October 2020

At the beginning of July 2014 on the base of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University the IХ convention of Ukrainian society of soil scientists and agricultural chemists took place. In-process convention 213 delegates and participants from 21 separations of Ukrainian society of soil scientists and agricultural chemists took part. The program of the convention included the plenary meeting and the meetings of sections "Genesis and geography of soils", "Evolution of soil properties, monitoring of the state, technologies of land-use management", "Reclamation of soils", "Protection of soils from erosion, recultivation and land-use management, ecological state of soils and their protection against contamination", "Agrochemical providing of modern agriculture", "Biology of soils", delegate meetings and scientific field excursion. Practically in all sections the problem of soil and soil cover conservation from degradation as a consequence of anthropogenic influence came into question. The Congress passed a resolution, where the work of Society was positively marked, the priority directions of the scientific and research and practice activities were defined, an Appeal to the President of Ukraine, Supreme Council of Ukraine, Prime Minister of Ukraine was accepted.
Physico-chemical determinant parameters in the color of vertisolization and tirsification processes
Authors: Recio Espejo J. M. , Borja Barrera C. , Díaz del Olmo F. , Borja Barrera F. 
Published: October 2020

A statistical analysis is carried out on the influence that certain physico-chemical parameters exert on tirsification and vertisolization pedological processes that occur under certain geomorphological conditions in Andalusia region (Spain). Both processes occur on a parent material with high contents in smectitic clays, massive and uniform and contrasting climatic conditions where periods of humidity and those of drought alternate. Chromic Vertisol (tirsificated) versus Calcium Vertisol (vertisolizated) (FAO, 2015) shows a greater interrelation between parameters given its greater weathering. Organic carbon controls a large part of its physical-chemical processes where the lateral washing of salts and carbonates together with manganese, always in a lower concentration than iron, play a definitive role in the blackening of its horizons. The chemical fertility is always low and the geomorphological conditions seems to account for its agricultural capacity.
Technique for preparation thin sections of structural soil aggregates of certain size fractions
Authors: Yakovenko V. M. 
Published: October 2020

Morphological properties of poil aggregate aer developed in the process of pedogenesis and reflect the complex of structure formation processes. The peds' size, shape, and internal structure are peculiar to each corresponding soil type and genetic horizon. The technique proposed allows preparing thin sections on every sizes of structural units and, in contrast to known methods, it provides not only a ped immobilization in the mass of fixing material, but also pore space saturation with natural resin. It is also possible to prepare the sections with marking of large aggregates orientation in space; it requires application of gypsum marks on the aggregate surface in the process of their sampling from the soil profile. The technique modified consists of following stages: selection of aggregates with required fractions; preparation of sections with separate aggregates larger than 5 mm; preparation of sections with aggregations smaller than 5 mm. In preparation of aggregates larger than 5 mm, a technique similar to that of preparing large soil block samples is used because it makes possible to process each soil aggregate separately. Another approach is required for processing of structural units up to 5 mm in size because it is impossible to prepare a section of individual issue with this size. The problem is solved when the units are saturated and processed not separately, but as a whole block sample which include a mass with peds of separate fraction. For this purpose, it is required to prepare cups comprised of walls from thick paper and a gypsum bottom. For preparation the caps use a gypsum in the form of fine white powder rapidly solidified in addition of water in a certain proportion and forms a firm bottom of the paper сup. Cut out a square of 4×4 cm in size and a strip from thick paper and glue them together to gain a tube of 5 cm in height and 1.5–2 cm in diameter (i.e. 10×5 cm). Apply on the paper squares a prepared gypsum mass sufficient to retention of the paper tube until gypsum hardening. Fill a fraction of aggregates into the prepared cup in one-third of its height and cover it with prepared fixing substance with solvent. Saturation is carried out in accordance with the standard technique of section preparing using natural resins (Gagarina, 2004). After complete saturation, paper cups with a mass of aggregates in them turn into monoliths that should be processed in the same way as large soil samples. As a result of all operations, significant number of structural soil aggregates with same sizes may be found within the section plane.
Dental LASER : A Boon in Dentistry & its significance in Covid-19
Authors: Kaur Dr. Manpreet , Thakur Dr. Vishal , Bhalla Dr. Manisha 
Published: October 2020

LASER stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Einstein was the ist to give the foundation for laser , however the first to give laser term was Gordon Gould. Invention of LASER has brought about a major revolution in the ways of life of people. The increasing use of laser in medicine has only been possible due to a better understanding of the interaction between laser light and living tissue. Reliably laser removes the needle, drill, and pain from the dental procedures & also reduces risk of contamination with respect to drills. Laser significantly reduces aerosols and Does not produce scratch material , thus causing less spread of debris outside the oral cavity. Blood free procedures for better recovery . Laser dentistry can be a precise and effective way to perform many dental procedures. Dental laser can be used to generate both hard and soft tissue laser energy, depending upon the patient’s needs.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SEVERITY OF FATIGUE AND SLEEP QUALITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN: A SNAPSHOT FROM NORTHWEST TURKEY
Authors: AYNACI Gülden 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Fatigue during pregnancy and the postnatal period affects the quality of life of women. One of the factors that affect fatigue during pregnancy is the impairment of sleep quality. We aimed to increase the awareness on this topic to diminish the negative effect of pregnancy on sleep quality and to evaluate the parameters that affected the level of fatigue and sleep quality. We evaluated the roles of protective and risk factors during pregnancy.
Material and Methods
Our study involved 232 pregnant who were attending to the Perinatology of Trakya University between March- November 2019. The participants filled Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and The Fatigue Severity Scale.
Results
Data we obtained from our study allowed us to review parameters that affect perinatal fatigue. Many pregnant experience fatigue. Support to increase the life standard of mothers will have a role to improve the healths of the mother and the baby. The increased sleep quality in pregnant women with increasing income status. A higher education level in women will provide a unique opportunity to prevent pregnant health. We found a lower level of fatigue in pregnant women with regular dietary habits. Those who attended at least once to pregnancy training had lower fatigue scores. The patients who were happy with their pregnancies felt lower fatigue.
Conclusions
The sociocultural features of pregnant women and their interpretations of fatigue should be carefully evaluated while providing healthcare services. Fatigue levels of pregnant women presenting to a clinic for routine pregnancy controls should be objectively evaluated
Multiple Holocene Earthquakes on the Gales Creek Fault, Northwest Oregon Fore-Arc
Authors: Horst Alison E. , Streig Ashley R. , Wells Ray E. , Bershaw John 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTSeveral potentially hazardous northwest-striking faults in and around the Portland basin, within the fore-arc of Cascadia, are classified as Quaternary active by the U.S. Geological Survey, but little is known about their Holocene activity. We present new earthquake-timing constraints on the Gales Creek fault (GCF), a 73 km long, northwest-trending fault with youthful geomorphic expression located about 35 km west of Portland. We excavated a paleoseismic trench across the GCF in the populated northern Willamette Valley and document three surface-rupturing earthquakes from stratigraphic and structural relationships. Radiocarbon samples from offset stratigraphy constrain these earthquakes to have occurred ∼1000, ∼4200, and ∼8800 calibrated years before the present. The penultimate earthquake back-tilted a buried soil into the hillslope creating accommodation space that was infilled by a colluvial deposit. The most recent earthquake faulted and formed a fissure within the penultimate colluvial deposit. Our results suggest that the GCF has a recurrence interval of ∼4000 yr, and if the full 73 km length were to rupture, it would result in an Mw 7.1–7.4 earthquake, providing a significant seismic hazard for the greater Portland metropolitan area.
Ranking of Ground-Motion Models (GMMs) for Use in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Iran Based on an Independent Data Set
Authors: Farajpour Zoya , Kowsari Milad , Pezeshk Shahram , Halldorsson Benedikt 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We apply three data-driven selection methods, log-likelihood (LLH), Euclidean distance-based ranking (EDR), and deviance information criterion (DIC), to objectively evaluate the predictive capability of 10 ground-motion models (GMMs) developed from Iranian and worldwide data sets against a new and independent Iranian strong-motion data set. The data set includes, for example, the 12 November 2017 Mw 7.3 Ezgaleh earthquake and the 25 November 2018 Mw 6.3 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake and includes a total of 201 records from 29 recent events with moment magnitudes 4.5≤Mw≤7.3 with distances up to 275 km. The results of this study show that the prior sigma of the GMMs acts as the key measure used by the LLH and EDR methods in the ranking against the data set. In some cases, this leads to the resulting model bias being ignored. In contrast, the DIC method is free from such ambiguity as it uses the posterior sigma as the basis for the ranking. Thus, the DIC method offers a clear advantage of partially removing the ergodic assumption from the GMM selection process and allows a more objective representation of the expected ground motion at a specific site when the ground-motion recordings are homogeneously distributed in terms of magnitudes and distances. The ranking results thus show that the local models that were exclusively developed from Iranian strong motions perform better than GMMs from other regions for use in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in Iran. Among the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 models, the GMMs by Boore et al. (2014) and Abrahamson et al. (2014) perform better. The GMMs proposed by Darzi et al. (2019) and Farajpour et al. (2019) fit the recorded data well at short periods (peak ground acceleration and pseudoacceleration spectra at T=0.2  s). However, at long periods, the models developed by Zafarani et al. (2018), Sedaghati and Pezeshk (2017), and Kale et al. (2015) are preferable.
What Governs the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aftershocks in Mining-Induced Seismicity: Insight into the Influence of Coseismic Static Stress Changes on Seismicity in Kiruna Mine, Sweden
Authors: Kozłowska Maria , Orlecka-Sikora Beata , Dineva Savka , Rudziński Łukasz , Boskovic Mirjana 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTStrong mining-induced earthquakes are often followed by aftershocks, similar to natural earthquakes. Although the magnitudes of such in-mine aftershocks are not high, they may pose a threat to mining infrastructure, production, and primarily, people working underground. The existing post-earthquake mining procedures usually do not consider any aspects of the physics of the mainshock. This work aims to estimate the rate and distribution of aftershocks following mining-induced seismic events by applying the rate-and-state model of fault friction, which is commonly used in natural earthquake studies. It was found that both the pre-mainshock level of seismicity and the coseismic stress change following the mainshock rupture have strong effects on the aftershock sequence. For mining-induced seismicity, however, we need to additionally account for the constantly changing stress state caused by the ongoing exploitation. Here, we attempt to model the aftershock sequence, its rate, and distribution of two M≈2 events in iron ore Kiruna mine, Sweden. We could appropriately estimate the aftershock sequence for one of the events because both the modeled rate and distribution of aftershocks matched the observed activity; however, the model underestimated the rate of aftershocks for the other event. The results of modeling showed that aftershocks following mining events occur in the areas of pre-mainshock activity influenced by the positive coulomb stress changes, according to the model’s assumptions. However, we also noted that some additional process not incorporated in the rate-and-state model may influence the aftershock sequence. Nevertheless, this type of modeling is a good tool for evaluating the risk areas in mines following a strong seismic event.