bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Velocity Impact Testing for Evaluation of Intermetallic Projectiles
Authors: Cagle Colton B. , Hill Kevin J. , Woodruff Connor , Pantoya Michelle L. , Abraham Joseph , Meakin Casey 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Experiments were performed to study penetration through multiple aluminum plates followed by impact into an inert steel anvil using a High-velocity Impact-ignition Testing System (HITS). The projectiles are intermetallic pellets launched from a propellant driven gun into a catch chamber equipped with view ports and imaging diagnostics. Penetration, impact and reaction are monitored using high-speed cameras that provide local and macroscopic perspectives of projectile and target interaction as well as overall reactivity. Results demonstrate the range of visual data that can be captured by a non-gas generating intermetallic projectile that fragments and reacts upon penetration and impact. Results show that higher velocity projectiles (~ 1300 and 800 m/s) produce smaller fragments upon target penetration that result in flame spreading through the chamber upon impact while lower velocity projectiles (~ 500 m/s) negligibly fragment upon target penetration and produce no flames even upon anvil impact.
Optimized Impact Mitigation Barriers for Insensitive Munitions Compliance of a 120mm Warhead
Authors: Miers Kevin T. , Prillaman Daniel L. , Al-Shehab Nausheen M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Armaments Center at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ is working to develop technologies to mitigate the violent reaction of a 120 mm warhead, loaded with an aluminized HMX-based enhanced blast explosive, when subjected to the NATO Insensitive Munitions (IM) Fragment Impact (FI) test. As per NATO STANAG 4496, FI testing is conducted at 8300±300 ft/s with a 0.563” diameter, L/D~1, 160˚ conical nosed mild steel fragment. Reaction violence resulting from FI can be mitigated by the use of liners or barriers applied to the munition itself or its packaging, commonly referred to as a Particle Impact Mitigation Sleeves (PIMS). Previous development efforts for this item focused on a lightweight plastic warhead support which was able to reduce the severity of the input shock sufficiently to prevent high order detonation. However, violent sub-detonative responses were still observed which occurred over several hundred microseconds, consumed part of the explosive charge, and ejected hazardous debris over large distances. These responses are driven by rapid combustion coupled with damage to the explosive as well as mechanical confinement. Quantitative modeling of these scenarios is a challenging active research area. Prior experimental results and modeling guidance have shown that mitigation of these reactions requires a more substantial reduction in the overall mechanical insult to the explosive. In particular, steel and aluminum PIMS have been able to efficiently provide the necessary fragment velocity reduction, breakup and dispersion in typical packaging applications. Packaged warheads were tested at the GD-OTS Rock Hill facility with several PIMS designs incorporated into the ammunition containers. Several designs were demonstrated to provide benign reactions with minimal added weight. Future iterations will attempt to further improve the design using advanced lightweight barrier materials.
Laser-Driven High-Velocity Microparticle Launcher In Atmosphere And Under Vacuum
Authors: Veysset David , Sun Yuchen , Kooi Steven E. , Nelson Keith A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study of high-velocity microparticles is important to a wide range of both space and terrestrial applications. In space, high- and hyper-velocity micro-debris and micrometeorites, while also a subject of study, pose a threat to equipment and personnel integrity [1–4]. On earth, high-velocity microparticle impact can be, for instance, utilized for therapeutic purposes in the field of biolistics [5] or to build metallic coatings via the cold spray method [6]. While macroscale projectile impacts have been studied using well established experimental tools, such as light-gas guns, optical methods are gaining interest in the field of micro-particle impacts.
Reducing Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity With High-Intensity Interval Training in Adults With Asthma
Authors: O’Neill Carley , Dogra Shilpa 
Published: July 2020

Background: Low- and moderate-intensity exercise training has been shown to be effective for reducing general anxiety and anxiety sensitivity among adults with asthma. Exercise frequency and intensity have been shown to play an integral role in reducing anxiety sensitivity; however, less is known about the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anxiety in adults with asthma. Methods: A 6-week HIIT intervention was conducted with adults with asthma. Participants completed HIIT (10% peak power output for 1 min, 90% peak power output for 1 min, repeated 10 times) 3 times per week on a cycle ergometer. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 and the Body Sensations Questionnaire. Results: Total Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (PRE: 17.9 [11.8]; POST 12.4 [13], P = .002, Cohen d = 0.4, n = 20) and Body Sensations Questionnaire (PRE: 2.4 [1.0]; POST: 2.0 [0.8], P = .007, Cohen d = 0.3) improved from preintervention to postintervention. Conclusion: A 6-week HIIT intervention leads to improved anxiety among adults with asthma. Future research should determine the impact of HIIT among adults with asthma with clinical anxiety.
Association of Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children 3–12 Years
Authors: Vanderloo Leigh M. , Maguire Jonathan L. , Dai David W. H. , Parkin Patricia C. , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Tremblay Mark S. , Anderson Laura N. , Birken Catherine S. , _ _ 
Published: July 2020

Background: This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and a total cardio metabolic risk (CMR) score in children aged 3–12 years. Secondary objectives were to examine the association between PA and individual CMR factors.Methods: A longitudinal study with repeated measures was conducted with participants from a large primary care practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. Mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between parent-reported physical activity and outcome variables (total CMR score, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, weight-to-height ratio, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol).Results: Data from 1885 children (6.06 y, 54.4% male) with multiple visits (n = 2670) were included in the analyses. For every unit increase of 60 minutes of PA, there was no evidence of an association with total CMR score (adjusted: −0.02 [−0.014 to 0.004],P = .11]. For the individual CMR components, there was evidence of a weak association between PA and systolic blood pressure (−0.01 [−0.03 to −0.01],P < .001) and waist-to-height ratio (−0.81 [−1.62 to −0.003],P < .001).Conclusion: Parent-reported PA among children aged 3–12 years was not statistically associated with total CMR, but was weakly associated with systolic blood pressure and waist-to-height ratio.
The Chief Joseph dike swarm of the Columbia River flood basalts, and the legacy data set of William H. Taubeneck
Authors: Morriss Matthew C. , Karlstrom Leif , Nasholds Morgan W.M. , Wolff John A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is the youngest and best studied continental flood basalt province on Earth. The 210,000 km3 of basaltic lava flows in this province were fed by a series of dike swarms, the largest of which is the Chief Joseph dike swarm (CJDS) exposed in northeastern Oregon and southwestern Washington. We present and augment an extensive data set of field observations, collected by Dr. William H. Taubeneck (1923–2016; Oregon State University, 1955–1983); this data set elucidates the structure of the CJDS in new detail.The large-scale structure of the CJDS, represented by 4279 mapped segments mostly cropping out over an area of 100 × 350 km2, is defined by regions of high dike density, up to ∼5 segments/km−2 with an average width of 8 m and lengths of ∼100–1000 m. The dikes in the CJDS are exposed across a range of paleodepths, from visibly feeding surface flows to ∼2 km in depth at the time of intrusion. Based on extrapolation of outcrops, we estimate the volume of the CJDS dikes to be 2.5 × 102–6 × 104 km3, or between 0.1% and 34% of the known volume of the magma represented by the surface flows fed by these dikes. A dominant NNW dike segment orientation characterizes the swarm. However, prominent sub-trends often crosscut NNW-oriented dikes, suggesting a change in dike orientations that may correspond to magmatically driven stress changes over the duration of swarm emplacement. Near-surface crustal dilation across the swarm is ∼0.5–2.7 km to the E-W and ∼0.2–1.3 km to the N-S across the 100 × 350 km region, resulting in strain across this region of 0.4%–13.0% E-W and 0.04%–0.3% N-S. Host-rock partial melt is rare in the CJDS, suggesting that only a small fraction of dikes were long-lived.
ACE2andTMPRSS2expression by clinical, HLA, immune, and microbial correlates across 34 human cancers and matched normal tissues: implications for SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19
Authors: Bao Riyue , Hernandez Kyle , Huang Lei , Luke Jason John 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPandemic COVID-19 by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is facilitated by the ACE2 receptor and protease TMPRSS2. Modestly sized case series have described clinical factors associated with COVID-19, whileACE2andTMPRSS2expression analyses have been described in some cell types. Patients with cancer may have worse outcomes to COVID-19.MethodsWe performed an integrated study ofACE2andTMPRSS2gene expression across and within organ systems, by normal versus tumor, across several existing databases (The Cancer Genome Atlas, Census of Immune Single Cell Expression Atlas, The Human Cell Landscape, and more). We correlated gene expression with clinical factors (including but not limited to age, gender, race, body mass index, and smoking history), HLA genotype, immune gene expression patterns, cell subsets, and single-cell sequencing as well as commensal microbiome.ResultsMatched normal tissues generally display higherACE2andTMPRSS2expression compared with cancer, with normal and tumor from digestive organs expressing the highest levels. No clinical factors were consistently identified to be significantly associated with gene expression levels though outlier organ systems were observed for some factors. Similarly, no HLA genotypes were consistently associated with gene expression levels. Strong correlations were observed betweenACE2expression levels and multiple immune gene signatures including interferon-stimulated genes and the T cell-inflamed phenotype as well as inverse associations with angiogenesis and transforming growth factor-β signatures.ACE2positively correlated with macrophage subsets across tumor types.TMPRSS2was less associated with immune gene expression but was strongly associated with epithelial cell abundance. Single-cell sequencing analysis across nine independent studies demonstrated little to noACE2orTMPRSS2expression in lymphocytes or macrophages.ACE2andTMPRSS2gene expression associated with commensal microbiota in matched normal tissues particularly from colorectal cancers, with distinct bacterial populations showing strong associations.ConclusionsWe performed a large-scale integration ofACE2andTMPRSS2gene expression across clinical, genetic, and microbiome domains. We identify novel associations with the microbiota and confirm host immunity associations with gene expression. We suggest caution in interpretation regarding genetic associations withACE2expression suggested from smaller case series.
Safety of diagnostic spinal angiography in children
Authors: Gautam Ayushi , Motaghi Mina , Gailloud Philippe 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundSpinal angiography (SA) is associated with low complications in adults but its safety in children has not been properly analyzed. The goal of our study is to assess the safety of pediatric SA.MethodsThis study is the retrospective analysis of a series of 36 consecutive SA procedures performed in 27 children over a 5-year period. Parameters including neurological complications, non-neurological complications requiring additional management, contrast volume, and radiation exposure were analyzed via univariate and bivariate methods.ResultsOur cohort included 24 diagnostic and 12 combined therapeutic cases in children with an average age of 11.1 years. No neurological or non-neurological complication requiring additional management was recorded. The average volume of contrast administered was 1.6 mL/kg in the diagnostic group and 0.9 mL/kg in the combined group. The average air kerma was 186.9mGy for an average of 36.8 exposures in the diagnostic group, and 264.5mGy for an average of 21 exposures in the combined group. Patients in the combined group had lower contrast load (45% lower on average) and higher air kerma (1.6 times higher on average). The difference in air kerma was due to a higher live fluoroscopy-related exposure.ConclusionsThis study reports the largest pediatric SA cohort analyzed to date and the only one including radiation dose and contrast load. It confirms that pediatric SA is a safe imaging modality with low risk of complications, and demonstrates that SA can be performed in children with low radiation exposure and contrast load.
Capitated pricing model for stroke thrombectomies: a single center experience across three companies
Authors: Shah Kavit , Brown Merritt , Desai Shashvat M , Jovin Tudor G , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Gross Bradley A , Jankowitz Brian Thomas 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWith a continued rise in healthcare expenditures, there is a demonstrable focus on curbing expenses. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of treatment for large vessel occlusions (LVOs); however, considerable costs are associated with devices utilized in each procedure. We report our institution’s experience with capitation pricing models negotiated with three different companies.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a prospectively maintained database from February 2018 to August 2019 identifying cases performed under capitation models. We calculated the cost of equipment for each thrombectomy using the cost for individual devices utilized (virtual) and compared this sum to the total derived from cost-negotiated bundled equipment packages. This was compared with real-world cases that did not meet capitation criteria during this study period.Results107 cases met the criteria for capitation; 39 cases used company A’s models (28 with stentrievers), 44 cases used company B’s models (3 with stentrievers), and 24 cases used company C’s models (14 with stentrievers). Overall, there was a net savings of $202 370.50 utilizing the capitated model ($689 435 vs $891 805.50), amounting to $1891.31 savings per case. Mean capitation was lower ($6972±2774) compared with virtual ($8794±4614) and real-world non-capitation costs ($7176±3672).ConclusionThe negotiated capitated pricing model yielded total cost savings associated with equipment from each company. Overall mean capitation costs were lower than virtual and real-world cases. This may serve as a model for other centers in controlling costs for patients undergoing MT for LVO.
Model-independent test of the parity symmetry of gravity with gravitational waves
Authors: Zhao Wen , Liu Tan , Wen Linqing , Zhu Tao , Wang Anzhong , Hu Qian , Zhou Cong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGravitational wave (GW) data can be used to test the parity symmetry of gravity by investigating the difference between left-hand and right-hand circular polarization modes. In this article, we develop a method to decompose the circular polarizations of GWs produced during the inspiralling stage of compact binaries, with the help of stationary phase approximation. The foremost advantage is that this method is simple, clean, independent of GW waveform, and is applicable to the existing detector network. Applying it to the mock data, we test the parity symmetry of gravity by constraining the velocity birefringence of GWs. If a nearly edge-on binary neutron-stars with observed electromagnetic counterparts at 40 Mpc is detected by the second-generation detector network, one could derive the model-independent test on the parity symmetry in gravity: the lower limit of the energy scale of parity violation can be constrained within$$\mathcal {O}(10^4\mathrm{eV})$$O(104eV).
Age‐Specific Associations Between Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease: A 10‐Year Diabetes Mellitus Cohort Study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Chin Weng Yee , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Chen Shiqi , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: July 2020

Background

The relationship between systolic blood pressure (
SBP
) and cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) among patients with diabetes mellitus remains unclear. The study aimed to explore age‐specific associations between
SBP
and
CVD
.

Methods and Results

A population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted on 180 492 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2008–2010, with follow‐up to 2017. Age‐specific associations (<50, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years) between the average
SBP
in the previous 2 years and
CVD
risk were assessed by adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression with age‐specific regression dilution ratios and patient characteristics stratified by subgroups. During a median follow‐up of 9.3 years (1.5 million person‐years), 32 545 patients developed a
CVD
, with an incidence rate of 23.4 per 1000 person‐years. A positive and log‐linear association between
SBP
and
CVD
risk was observed among the 4 age groups without evidence of a threshold down to 120 mm Hg, but the magnitude of
SBP
effect on
CVD
attenuated with increased age. The
CVD
risk in the age group <50 years was ≈22% higher than the age group 70 to 79 years (hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.33 [95%
CI
, 1.26–1.41] versus
HR
, 1.09 [95%
CI
, 1.07–1.11]). Each 10‐mm Hg higher
SBP
was associated with 12% (
HR
, 1.12 [95%
CI
, 1.10–1.13]), 11% (
HR
, 1.11 [95%
CI
, 1.10–1.13]), and 20% (
HR
, 1.20 [95%
CI
, 1.17–1.22]) higher risk of all composite
CVD
events, individual
CVD
, and
CVD
mortality, respectively.

Conclusions

There is a significant log‐linear relationship between baseline
SBP
and the risk of
CVD
among patients with diabetes mellitus in China. The risk increases from an
SBP
of 120 mm Hg onward. Age influences this relationship significantly, with younger patients (<50 years) having a greater risk of
CVD
for a similar rise in
SBP
as compared with those who are older. These findings suggest that differential target blood pressures stratified by age maybe useful.
Using Propensity Score Analysis of Survey Data to Estimate Population Average Treatment Effects: A Case Study Comparing Different Methods
Authors: Dong Nianbo , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Lenis David , Quynh Nguyen Trang 
Published: July 2020

Background: Many studies in psychological and educational research aim to estimate population average treatment effects (PATE) using data from large complex survey samples, and many of these studies use propensity score methods. Recent advances have investigated how to incorporate survey weights with propensity score methods. However, to this point, that work had not been well summarized, and it was not clear how much difference the different PATE estimation methods would make empirically. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to systematically summarize the appropriate use of survey weights in propensity score analysis of complex survey data and use a case study to empirically compare the PATE estimates using multiple analysis methods that include ordinary least squares regression, weighted least squares regression, and various propensity score applications. Methods: We first summarize various propensity score methods that handle survey weights. We then demonstrate the performance of various analysis methods using a nationally representative data set, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten to estimate the effects of preschool on children’s academic achievement. The correspondence of the results was evaluated using multiple criteria. Results and Conclusions: It is important for researchers to think carefully about their estimand of interest and use methods appropriate for that estimand. If interest is in drawing inferences to the survey target population, it is important to take the survey weights into account, particularly in the outcome analysis stage for estimating the PATE. The case study shows, however, not much difference among various analysis methods in one applied example.
The Impact of Financial Incentives on Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luong My-Linh Nguyen , Hall Michelle , Bennell Kim L. , Kasza Jessica , Harris Anthony , Hinman Rana S. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effects of financial incentives on physical activity (PA). Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, 7 other databases, and 2 trial registries until July 17, 2019. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Randomized controlled trials with adults aged ≥18 years assessing the effect of financial incentives on PA. Any comparator was eligible provided the only difference between groups was the incentive strategy. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality. Of 5765 records identified, 57 records (51 unique trials; n = 17 773 participants) were included. Data Synthesis: Random-effects models pooling data for each of the 5 PA domains. Results: Financial incentives increase leisure time PA (gym or class attendance; standardized mean difference [95% CI], 0.46 [0.28-0.63], n = 5057) and walking behavior (steps walked; 0.25 [0.13-0.36], n = 3254). No change in total minutes of PA (0.52 [−0.09 to 1.12], n = 968), kilocalories expended (0.19 [−0.06 to 0.44], n = 247), or the proportion of participants meeting PA guidelines (risk ratio [95% CI] 1.53 [0.53-4.44], n = 650) postintervention was observed. After intervention has ceased, incentives sustain a slight increase in leisure time PA (0.10 [0.02-0.18], n = 2678) and walking behavior (0.11 [0.00-0.22], n = 2425). Conclusions: Incentives probably improve leisure time PA and walking at intervention end, and small improvements may be sustained over time once incentives have ceased. They lead to little or no difference in kilocalories expended or minutes of PA. It is uncertain whether incentives change the likelihood of meeting PA guidelines because the certainty of the evidence is low.
The men and women, guys and girls of the ‘manosphere’: A corpus-assisted discourse approach
Authors: Krendel Alexandra 
Published: July 2020

This study investigates how the lemmas woman, girl, man and guy are used to discursively represent and construct gender identities in an anti-feminist forum on the discussion website Reddit. The lemmas were analysed using corpus-assisted social actor analysis and appraisal theory. Similarities and differences within three sub-communities of the TRP subreddit were considered: Men’s Rights (activists who believe that men are systemically disadvantaged in society), Men Going Their Own Way (who abstain from relationships with women), and Red Pill Theory (primarily pick-up artists). The corpus was characterised by bare assertions about gendered behaviour, although the masculine gender role was less well-defined than the feminine one. Women and girls were dehumanised and sexually objectified, negatively judged for morality and veracity, and constructed as desiring hostile behaviour from male social actors. Conversely, men were constructed as victims of female social actors and external institutions and, as a result, as unhappy and insecure.