bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Awareness and Task Relevance on Early and Late ERPs in a No-Report Visual Oddball Paradigm
Authors: Schlossmacher Insa , Dellert Torge , Pitts Michael , Bruchmann Maximilian , Straube Thomas 
Published: March 2020

To date it is poorly understood how and when deviance processing interacts with awareness and task relevance. Furthermore, an important issue in the study of consciousness is the prevalent confound of conscious perception with the requirement of reporting it. This study addresses these topics using a no-report inattentional blindness paradigm with a visual oddball sequence of geometrical shapes presented to male and female human participants. Electrophysiological responses were obtained in three physically identical Phases A–C that differed only with respect to the instructions: (A) participants were uninformed about the shapes and attended an unrelated foreground task (inattentional blind), (B) were informed about the shapes but still attended the foreground task, and (C) attended the shapes. Conscious processing of shapes was indexed by the visual awareness negativity but not a P3. Deviance processing was associated with the visual mismatch negativity independently of consciousness and task relevance. The oddball P3, however, only emerged when the stimuli were task relevant, and was absent for consciously perceived but task irrelevant stimuli. The P3 thus does not represent a reliable marker of stimulus awareness. This result pattern supports the view of hierarchical predictive processing, where lower levels display automatic deviance processing, whereas higher levels require attention and task relevance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo react to potentially important changes in our environment it is fundamental to detect deviations from regularities of sensory input. It has yet to be understood how awareness and task relevance of this input interact with deviance processing. We investigated the role of awareness in deviance detection while at the same time circumventing the confound of awareness and report by means of a no-report paradigm. Our results suggest that early processes are elicited automatically, whereas, contrary to prominent theories, late processes do not depend on awareness but on task-based attention.
Activity Dependent and Independent Determinants of Synaptic Size Diversity
Authors: Hazan Liran , Ziv Noam E. 
Published: March 2020

The extraordinary diversity of excitatory synapse sizes is commonly attributed to activity-dependent processes that drive synaptic growth and diminution. Recent studies also point to activity-independent size fluctuations, possibly driven by innate synaptic molecule dynamics, as important generators of size diversity. To examine the contributions of activity-dependent and independent processes to excitatory synapse size diversity, we studied glutamatergic synapse size dynamics and diversification in cultured rat cortical neurons (both sexes), silenced from plating. We found that in networks with no history of activity whatsoever, synaptic size diversity was no less extensive than that observed in spontaneously active networks. Synapses in silenced networks were larger, size distributions were broader, yet these were rightward-skewed and similar in shape when scaled by mean synaptic size. Silencing reduced the magnitude of size fluctuations and weakened constraints on size distributions, yet these were sufficient to explain synaptic size diversity in silenced networks. Model-based exploration followed by experimental testing indicated that silencing-associated changes in innate molecular dynamics and fluctuation characteristics might negatively impact synaptic persistence, resulting in reduced synaptic numbers. This, in turn, would increase synaptic molecule availability, promote synaptic enlargement, and ultimately alter fluctuation characteristics. These findings suggest that activity-independent size fluctuations are sufficient to fully diversify glutamatergic synaptic sizes, with activity-dependent processes primarily setting the scale rather than the shape of size distributions. Moreover, they point to reciprocal relationships between synaptic size fluctuations, size distributions, and synaptic numbers mediated by the innate dynamics of synaptic molecules as they move in, out, and between synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSizes of glutamatergic synapses vary tremendously, even when formed on the same neuron. This diversity is commonly thought to reflect the outcome of activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, yet activity-independent processes might also play some part. Here we show that in neurons with no history of activity whatsoever, synaptic sizes are no less diverse. We show that this diversity is the product of activity-independent size fluctuations, which are sufficient to generate a full repertoire of synaptic sizes at correct proportions. By combining modeling and experimentation we expose reciprocal relationships between size fluctuations, synaptic sizes and synaptic counts, and show how these phenomena might be connected through the dynamics of synaptic molecules as they move in, out, and between synapses.
The Potential Sources of Transmission and Distribution of Lymphatic Filariasis in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nurjazuli Nurjazuli , Santjaka Aris 
Published: March 2020

Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease caused by filarial worms. Semarang City has an increasing number of LF. The aim of this study was to investigate potential sources of transmission and distribution of LF. It was descriptive research using cross-sectional design. The sample were 28 LF cases. The variables studied were level of knowledge, physical and biological environmental factors, and provision of health service. Data were collected with interview and observation. Data were analysed descriptively and spatially. The results showed that LF cases were distributed in centre of Semarang City, especially in the coastal area. Poor drainage and stagnant water around the houses were potential breeding places for mosquitos, which are suspected as a vector of LF transmission. Physical and biological environmental factors around the houses of LF patient may possibly be sources of distribution and transmission of LF. It was indicated with the existence of mosquito larvae in any habitats.
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN USING COLOR GRAB APPLICATION TO DETERMINE THE MASS OF COLORED SOLUTION
Authors: Irwansyah Ferli Septi , Farida Ida , Fitriyati Ihda , Susilawati Ila 
Published: March 2020

PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS MAHASISWA PADA PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI COLOR GRAB DALAM PENENTUAN MASSA ZAT LARUTAN BERWARNAAbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the development of students science process skills on the determination mass of colored solution using color grab application. The method used in this research was classroom research with subjects of 33 students taking chemical separation course. The instrument used was student activity observation sheet, practicum worksheet, and checklist of student performance. The results showed the use of smartphones in the practice of determination mass of colored solution can develop students science process skills . The overall student science process skill is interpreted very well with an average score of 81, with acquisition of experimental plan value with value of 82, observed 92, interpreting data 84, concludes 66, and communicating 79. Student activity on experiments using smartphones as a whole is excellent with percentage of 96%.AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengembangan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa pada penentuan massa zat larutan berwarna menggunakan aplikasi color grab. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah adalah penelitian kelas pada mahasiswa mata kuliah kimia pemisahan sebanyak 33 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi aktivitas mahasiswa, lembar kerja praktikum, dan daftar ceklis kinerja mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan smartphone dalam praktikum penentuan massa zat larutan berwarna dapat mengembangkan KPS mahasiswa. Keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa secara keseluruhan diinterpretasikan sangat baik dengan nilai rata-rata 81, dengan perolehan nilai pada indikator merencanakan percobaan 82, mengamati 92, menafsirkan data 84, menyimpulkan 66, dan mengomunikasikan 79. Aktivitas mahasiswa pada percobaan menggunakan smartphone secara keseluruhan sangat baik dengan persentase 96%.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ WORKSHEET BASED ON GUIDED INQUIRY IN CORROSION MATTER
Authors: Nazar Muhammad , Rahmayani Ratu Fazlia Inda , Yulia Zulfa 
Published: March 2020

PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA MAHASISWA (LKM) BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING PADA MATERI KOROSI AbstractThis research aims to develop student worksheet of Basic Chemistry Practicum II on the topic at corrosion based on guided inquiry and investigate the feasibility of it’s implementation in the real classroom practice. This is a Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model where 12 active students of chemistry department involved at the implementation stage. Data was collected through interview, questionnaire of need analysis and questionnaires to seek the opinion from students, laboratory assistant and lecturer. It was revealed that the student worksheet was valid with score of validity of 97,8%, thus, applicable for investigation. Response of students, laboratory assistants and lecturers to the implementation of practicum using student worksheet which has been developed as a whole is very good. 47,92% student were strongly agreed about practicum relevancy to daily life, 50% agreed that inquiry questions are useful. 75% of assistants strongly agreed that worksheet can help students to design their own experiments and 25% agreed about demanded the ability of class management. 71,43% lecturers strongly agreed that worksheet can motivate students to be more active and 28,57% agreed that worksheet is effective to achieve the practicum objectives. Thus, the student worksheet is applicable to be utilized as one of the teaching materials.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan LKM Praktikum Kimia Dasar II berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi korosi dan menguji kelayakannya pada pelaksanaan praktikum. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian tahap implementasi adalah mahasiswa aktif pendidikan kimia berjumlah 12 orang. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari wawancara, angket analisis kebutuhan serta angket respon dari praktikan, asisten laboratorium dan dosen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persentase rata-rata kelayakan LKM yang divalidasi tim ahli oleh dosen dan penilaian oleh asisten laboratorium adalah 97,8%, dan dapat dikategorikan sangat valid dan layak digunakan tanpa revisi. Respon praktikan, asisten laboratorium dan dosen terhadap pelaksanaan praktikum menggunakan LKM yang dikembangkan secara keseluruhan sangat baik. 47,92% responden menyatakan bahwa praktikum sangat relevan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, 50% setuju bahwa pertanyaan penyelidikan bermanfaat. 75% asisten laboratorium sangat setuju bahwa LKM mampu melatih praktikan merancang percobaan sendiri dan 25% asisten setuju bahwa pelaksanaan praktikum berbasis inkuiri menuntut kemampuan dalam mengelola kelas. Persentase rata-rata respon dosen adalah 71,43% sangat setuju bahwa LKM mampu memotivasi praktikan lebih aktif dan 28,57% setuju bahwa LKM efektif dalam mencapai tujuan praktikum. Dengan demikian, LKM yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan ajar.
EFFORTS TO IMPROVE SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE AND PRESERVATION OF LOCAL CULTURE THROUGH ETHNOBIOLOGY-BASED BIOLOGICAL PRACTICUM
Authors: Sunariyati Siti - , Suatma Suatma , Miranda Yula 
Published: March 2020

UPAYA PENINGKATAN SIKAP ILMIAH DAN PELESTARIAN BUDAYA LOKAL MELALUI PRAKTIKUM BIOLOGI BERBASIS ETNOBIOLOGI AbstrakPotensi lokal yang ada di sekitar sekolah pada umumnya belum banyak dimanfaatkan secara maksimal sebagai sumber belajar biologi, oleh sebab itu perlu dikembangkan praktikum biologi berbasis etnobiologi sebagai upaya pelestarian budaya lokal.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) mengkaji pengetahuan Etnobiologi dan meningkatkan sikap ilmiah peserta didik SMA melalui praktikum biologi. 2) mengintegrasikan budaya lokal masyarakat suku Dayak Ngaju di wilayah Kabupaten Gunung Mas pada materi pelajaran biologi. Tahap pertama merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, pada tahap ini dilakukan pengkajian potensi lokal berbasis etnobiologi meliputi sumber daya alam hewan, tumbuhan dan potensi lokal lainnya, yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat.Tahap kedua dilaksanakan praktikum biologi berbasis etnobiologi pada peserta didik kelas X di tiga SMA wilayah Kabupaten Gunung Mas dengan menggunakan angket respons peserta didik terhadap pelaksanaan praktikum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan sikap ilmiah setelah mendapatkan pembelajaran biologi berbasis etnobiologi dibanding kelompok kontrol dengan rata-rata skor sebesar 0,47 (kriteria sedang).Budaya lokal perlu didokumentasikan dan diajarkan kepada generasi berikutnya untuk menghindari kehilangan budaya lokal di wilayah setempat.AbstractLocal potentials that exist around the school, in general, have not been maximally utilized as a source of biology learning. Therefore, it needs to be developed learning biology-based on ethnobiology efforts of preservation of local culture. The purpose of this research is 1) to study the knowledge of ethnobiology and to improve the scientific attitude of the learner of high school students through biology practicum. 2) integrate the local culture of the Dayak Ngaju tribe community in the Gunung Mas District area in biology subject matter. The first stage is qualitative descriptive research. At this stage conducted an assessment of local potency based on ethnobiology covering natural animal resources, plants, and other local potencies, which is utilized by society. The second stage is practicum based on ethnobiology biology of class X students in three high schools in Gunung Mas District by using the questionnaire of students' responses to the practicum implementation. The results showed that there was an increase in scientific attitude after obtaining biology learning based on ethnobiology- compared to the control group with an average score of 0.47 (medium criterion). Local culture needs to be documented and taught to the next generation to avoid losing local culture in the local area.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA (LKS) BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA KONSEP SISTEM GERAK MANUSIA
Authors: Suryani Irma , Mardiati Yuke , Herlanti Yanti 
Published: March 2020

Abstract This research aimed to know the influence of using contextual based student worksheet towards student learning outcomes on human movement system concept. This research was conducted at SMAN 10 Kota Tangerang Selatan. The research method used quasi experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The sampling method was simple random sampling. The research sample were 37 students for experiment class by using contextual based student worksheet and 35 students for control class by using non contextual student worksheet. The instrument of this research consist of 20 multiple choice test and non test as activity observation sheet of teacher, student responses, attitude and performance assessment. The data analysis used t-test, obtained tarithmetic 2,17 and using ttable on a significant level α = 0,05 amounted 1,99, then tarithmetic > ttable. There was influence of using contextual based student worksheet towards student learning outcomes on human movement system concept. Contextual based student worksheet to facilitate the students to constructed knowledge and have the retention on human movement system concept. Keywords: student worksheet; contextual; learning outcomes Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penggunaan lembar kerja siswa (LKS) berbasis kontekstual terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada konsep sistem gerak manusia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 10 Kota Tangerang Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pretest posttest control group design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling. Sampel penelitian untuk kelas eksperimen berjumlah 37 orang dengan menggunakan LKS berbasis kontekstual dan kelas kontrol berjumlah 35 orang dengan menggunakan LKS non kontekstual. Instrumen penilaian yang digunakan yaitu tes dan non tes. Tes yang diberikan berupa tes pilihan ganda sebanyak 20 butir soal dan instrumen non tes berupa lembar observasi aktivitas guru, respon siswa, penilaian sikap dan kinerja. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji-t, diperoleh hasil thitung 2,17 dan ttabel pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 sebesar 1,99, maka thitung > ttabel. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh LKS berbasis kontekstual terhadap hasil belajar pada konsep sistem gerak manusia. LKS berbasis kontekstual dapat mempermudah siswa dalam mengkonstruksi pengetahuan dan memiliki retensi terhadap konsep sistem gerak. Kata Kunci: lembar kerja siswa; kontekstual; hasil belajar Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.1823
Improving Science Process Skill though Guided Inquiry and Performance Assesment
Authors: Mangurai Siti Mayang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract This research aims to understand the increase in skill the process of science students with a guided inquiry model and performance assessment and the implementation of guided inquiry model and performance assessment to students of class XI IPA Christian High School 1 Salatiga . Skills of the research process are studied consisting of observing, hypothesizing, questioning, applying concepts, communicating, and practicing with minimum criteria for psychomotor criteria for 73. The type of research used is classroom action research with data triangulation research technique, in the form of questionnaire instrument, interview sheet, observation sheet, student performance assessment result, and supporting data in the form of documentation. The results showed that the results of the students' science process skills experienced an increase in each cycle. Guided inquiry models also familiarize students to play an active role in all learning activities and practicum conducted by students, so that students not only understand the material but also skillfully using laboratory tools. Keywords: guided inquiry; KPS; performance assessment; student. Abstrak Peneliitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan proses sains siswa dengan model inkuiri terbimbing dan performance assessment serta penerapan model inkuiri terbimbing dan performance assessment pada siswa kelas XI IPA I SMA Kristen 1 Salatiga. Keterampilan proses sains yang diteliti terdiri dari keterampilan mengamati, berhipotesis, menanya, menerapkan konsep, berkomunikasi, dan melakukan praktikum dengan kriteria ketuntasan minimal untuk psikomotorik sebesar 73. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas dengan teknik penelitian triangulasi data, berupa instrumen angket, lembar wawancara, lembar observasi, hasil performance assessment siswa, dan data pendukung berupa dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil keterampilan proses sains siswa mengalami peningkatan pada setiap siklus. Model inkuiri terbimbing juga membiasakan siswa untuk berperan aktif dalam seluruh kegiatan pembelajaran dan praktikum yang dilakukan siswa, sehingga siswa tidak hanya memahami materi tetapi juga cakap menggunakan alat-alat laboratorium. Kata kunci: inkuiri terbimbing; KPS; performance assessment; siswa. Permalink/DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v9i2.7209
Health Care Reform, Length of Stay, and Readmissions for Child Mental Health Hospitalizations
Authors: Connell Sarah K. , Rutman Lori E. , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Haviland Miriam J. , Simmons Shannon , Schloredt Kelly , Ramos Jessica , Brewer Kathy , Augustine Marie , Lion K. Casey 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:
Health care reform may impact inpatient mental health services by increasing access and changing insurer incentives. We examined whether implementation of the 2014 Affordable Care Act (ACA) was associated with changes in psychiatric length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmissions for pediatric patients.

METHODS:
We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis to evaluate LOS and 30-day readmissions during the 30 months before and 24 months after ACA implementation, with a 6-month wash-out period, on patients aged 4 to 17 years who were discharged from the psychiatry unit of a children’s hospital. Differences by payer (Medicaid versus non-Medicaid) were examined in moderated interrupted time series. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between psychiatric LOS and 30-day readmissions.

RESULTS:
There were 1874 encounters in the pre-ACA period and 2186 encounters in the post-ACA period. Compared with pre-ACA implementation, post-ACA implementation was associated with LOS that was significantly decreasing over time (pre-ACA versus post-ACA slope difference: −0.10 days per encounter per month [95% confidence interval −0.17 to −0.02]; P = .01), especially for Medicaid-insured patients (pre-ACA versus post-ACA slope difference: −0.14 days per encounter per month [95% confidence interval −0.26 to −0.01]; P = .03). The overall proportion of 30-day readmissions increased significantly (pre-ACA 6%, post-ACA 10%; P &lt; .05 for the difference). We found no association between LOS and 30-day readmissions.

CONCLUSIONS:
ACA implementation was associated with a decline in psychiatric inpatient LOS over time, especially for those on Medicaid, and an increase in 30-day readmissions. LOS was not associated with 30-day inpatient readmissions. Further investigation to understand the drivers of these patterns is warranted.
Pediatric Massive and Submassive Pulmonary Embolism: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Ross Catherine E. , Shih Jenny A. , Kleinman Monica E. , Donnino Michael W. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To describe and compare patient and event characteristics and outcomes in pediatric massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) and submassive pulmonary embolism (SMPE).

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study at a quaternary-care pediatric hospital was conducted. Patients age &lt;19 years with MPE (acute pulmonary embolism [PE] with cardiac arrest, hypotension, or compensated shock due to PE) or SMPE (right ventricular strain due to acute PE) between January 1997 and June 2019 were included.

RESULTS:
Thirty-three patients were identified, including 9 (27%) patients with MPE and 24 (73%) patients with SMPE. The most commonly identified risk factor was use of oral contraceptive pills in 16 (49%) patients. Six (18%) patients died, 3 (9%) of which were PE-related deaths. Before PE, patients with MPE were more likely to be hospitalized (89% vs 13%, P &lt; .001), have major comorbidities (89% vs 25%, P = .002), central venous catheters (67% vs 17%, P = .01), critical illness (56% vs 8%, P = .009), immobility (67% vs 13%, P = .005), and be postoperative (44% vs 4%, P = .01). MPE patients were also more likely to die before discharge (56% vs 4%, P = .003). Both groups were equally likely to have primary reperfusion attempts (78% of MPE versus 67% of SMPE, P = .69).

CONCLUSIONS:
Pediatric MPE and SMPE differed in presentation, comorbidities, and risk factors, many of which were associated with hospitalization status. Pediatric-specific studies are warranted to determine risk assessment and management strategies, which may differ from adult guidelines.