bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenic Medaka Identify Embryonic Periods Sensitive to Disruption of Sex Determination
Authors: Spirhanzlova Petra , Trébulle Pauline , Lallement Justine , Sébillot Anthony , Kanamori Akira , Lemkine Gregory F. , Tindall Andrew J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Gonadal development in medaka (Oryzias latipes) is dependent on the synergy between estrogens and androgens. Disruption of steroid hormone levels can lead to ovo-testis. To determine the sensitive windows for hormonally induced sex reversal in medaka, we developed a novel 42sp50-GFP_ChgH-GFP transgenic medaka line, allowing the identification of female gonadal tissue by fluorescence present in developing oocytes. Germinal transgenesis resulted in a stable line exhibiting a strong green fluorescent protein signal constitutively in the ovaries and in the liver in response to estrogens. The sensitivity of this line to disruption of sex determination following 16-d chronic exposures was in the nanograms per liter range. To identify the developmental period sensitive to exogenous agents, fry were exposed to 24-h pulses of high concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at various time points between days postfertilization (dpf) 0 and 12. Evaluation of phenotype followed by genotyping at 16 dpf revealed sensitivity to E2 between 1 and 8 dpf as well as 2 periods of susceptibility to DHT between 0 and 1 dpf and 4 and 8 dpf. No phenotypic sex reversal was detected after exposure to DHT or E2 on 11 or 12 dpf. The observed effects persisted to at least 24 dpf. The identified sensitive embryonic time periods for disruption of sex determination will aid future research on sex determination and the development of screening assays using early embryonic life stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:842–851. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
A novel 42sp50-GFP_ChgH-GFP transgenic medaka line was developed allowing the identification of female gonadal tissue by fluorescence present in developing oocytes. Fry were exposed to 24-h pulses of high concentrations of estradiol or dihydrotestosterone at various time points between 0 and 12 day postfertilization to identify developmental time points sensitive to disruption of sex steroid signaling. DHT = dihydrotestosterone; DPF = day postfertilization; E2 = estradiol.
Galectin‐3 mediates pulmonary vascular endothelial cell dynamics via TRPC1/4 under acute hypoxia
Authors: Li Yumei , Chen Xinghe , Zeng Xixi , Chen Shaokun , Yang Xi , Zhang Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGalectin‐3 (Gal‐3) has been implicated in various biological functions, yet little is known about its role in regulating the dynamics of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Gal‐3 was shown to be increased in hypoxic model rats by sequencing analysis. We exposed pulmonary vessel endothelial cells (PVECs) to hypoxia or Gal‐3 stimulation, following which cell apoptosis and autophagy were measured with the relevant methods. The results demonstrated that hypoxia elevated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity and Gal‐3 expression. Gla‐3 decreased the expression of Bcl‐2, Alix, Beclin‐1, Atg5, and LC3A/B. The messenger RNA and protein levels of transient receptor potential channel 1/4 (TRPC1/4) and calpain were reduced after Gal‐3 treatment. Gal‐3 also activated protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase‐3 β/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways in PVECs. These results suggest that a hypoxia‐mediated increase in Gal‐3 promotes apoptosis and inhibits autophagy by inhibiting the TRPC1/4 pathway and activating the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase‐3 β/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in PVECs. Furthermore, these results may provide us with a new direction to explore the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension.
Profiles of immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma and their clinical significant: A gene‐expression–based retrospective study
Authors: Chen Genwen , Dong Zhongyi , Wu Dehua , Chen Yuhan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLung cancer is one of the fatal tumors. The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in regulating tumor progression. To figure out the role of tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), ESTIMATE algorithm was used to evaluate the immune scores in LUAD. Patients with low immune scores had a worse overall survival (OS) compared with high immune scores. Using RNA‐Seq data of 489 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between high‐ and low‐immune score groups. Based on the DEGs, nine‐gene signature was constructed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model in TCGA set. The signature demonstrated significant prognostic value in both TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus database. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that nine‐genes signature was an independent prognostic factor. Subgroup analysis also revealed a robust prognostic ability of nine‐gene signature. A nomogram with a C‐index of 0.722 had a favorable power for predicting 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival for clinical use by integrating nine‐gene signature and other clinical features. Co‐expression and functional enrichment analysis showed that nine‐gene signature was significantly associated with immune response and provided potential profound molecules for revealing the mechanism of tumor initiation and progression. In conclusion, we revealed the significance of immune infiltration and built a novel nine‐gene signature as a reliable prognostic factor for patients with LUAD.
YY1‐PVT1 affects trophoblast invasion and adhesion by regulating mTOR pathway‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Yang Dongyong , Ding Jinli , Wang Yanqing , Yuan Mengqin , Xian Shu , Zhang Li , Liu Shiyi , Dai Fangfang , Wang Feiyan , Zheng Yajing , Zhao Xin , Liao Shujie , Cheng Yanxiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInsufficient trophoblast invasion is the key factor for the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). Our previous studies identified Yin Yang 1 (YY1) as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of trophoblast invasiveness at the maternal–fetal interface. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate gene expression and autophagy in many ways. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between YY1 and lncRNAs and the mechanism by which lncRNAs affect the biological behavior of trophoblasts. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that YY1 had three binding sites in the plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and electrophoretic mobility shift assays verified that YY1 can directly bind to the PVT1 promoter. Compared with its expression levels in human placental villi tissue samples from the normal pregnancy group, the PVT1 expression levels were significantly lower in tissues from the RSA group. PVT1 knockdown significantly reduced adhesion, invasion, autophagy, and mTOR expression in HTR‐8/SVneo cells and greatly increased apoptosis in vitro. This study revealed a novel regulatory pathway in which YY1 can act directly on PVT1 promoter to regulate its transcription, which further affects trophoblast invasion and adhesion by regulating autophagy via the mTOR pathway, and these effects might be involved in RSA pathogenesis.
microRNA‐802 accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma growth by targeting RUNX3
Authors: Ni Min , Zhao Yi , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Jiang Yu‐Jie , Fu Hui , Huang Fang , Li Dong‐Jie , Shen Fu‐Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Prognosis is often unfavorable. In this study, the effects of microRNA‐802 (miR‐802) on HCC progression were assessed in vivo and in vitro. miR‐802 was found to be significantly upregulated in HCC tumor tissue compared to paired adjacent nontumor tissue. In vitro, transfection with a miR‐802 mimic accelerated SMMC‐7721 cellular proliferation, increased accumulation of the cell‐cycle S‐phase cell populations, as well as cell migration. In vivo injection of a miR‐802 agomir promoted HCC proliferation in nude mice. Targets of miR‐802 were predicted by miRWalk, miRanda, RNA22, and Targetscan. By luciferase reporter assay RUNX3 was identified as a direct target of miR‐802. As judged by western blot analysis, RUNX3 was upregulated when miR‐802 was inhibited. These data demonstrate increased miR‐802 expression in patients with HCC and that miR‐802 overexpression promotes tumor cell growth, in a RUNX3‐dependent manner.
Bubble dynamics and mass transfer characteristics from an immersed orifice plate
Authors: Shi Haojie , Jiang Hong , Liu Yefei , Chen Rizhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBubble dynamics plays an important role in performance enhancement of multiphase reactor. The formation of the bubbles at the orifice is critical for the dynamics of bubbles and the mass transfer process during the rising stage. However, few studies have focused on the detailed changing characteristic of bubble formation and its relationship with mass transfer.RESULTSThe evolution of the bubble dynamics from millimeter to micrometer‐sized immersed orifice plates is in situ visualized. Bubble inrush is observed from the orifices with diameters below 421 μm, resulting in significant fluctuation on the gas–liquid interface. The base of the leading bubble varies with the orifice diameter. Smaller orifice is preferred to produce more trailing bubbles with smaller size. The inrush time of the trailing bubble is prolonged with decreasing orifice diameter and increasing gas velocity. The inrush time and diameter of the latter trailing bubble are higher than the former at a certain gas velocity. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) is obtained by measuring the bubble volume during the rising process using chemical absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Increasing gas velocity, decreasing orifice diameter and bubble inrush make an apparent positive impact on the KLa.CONCLUSIONSThe bubble inrush happens at micrometer orifice. Decreasing orifice diameter and increasing gas velocity are important to intensify oscillation of the leading bubble and increase the frequency of bubbles with high specific interfacial area, which are conducive to the enhancement of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Bounds on the localization number
Authors: Bonato Anthony , Kinnersley William B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe consider the localization game played on graphs, wherein a set of cops attempt to determine the exact location of an invisible robber by exploiting distance probes. The corresponding optimization parameter for a graph G is called the localization number and is written as ζ(G). We settle a conjecture of Bosek et al by providing an upper bound on the chromatic number as a function of the localization number. In particular, we show that every graph with ζ(G) ≤ k has degeneracy less than 3k and, consequently, satisfies χ(G) ≤ 3ζ(G). We show further that this degeneracy bound is tight. We also prove that the localization number is at most 2 in outerplanar graphs, and we determine, up to an additive constant, the localization number of hypercubes.
How Livelihood Assets Contribute to Sustainable Development of Smallholder Farmers
Authors: Li Wenjing , Shuai Chuanmin , Shuai Yu , Cheng Xin , Liu Yue , Huang Fubin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is a knowledge gap and practical demand to understand the relationship between capitals for developing sustainable livelihoods to realize poverty reduction and sustainable development, in particular for the smallholder farmers. This paper intends to make sights into an important livelihood challenge faced by smallholder farmers, which also aims to find out strategy (ies) in accelerating smallholder farmers' poverty reduction and achieving sustainable development. More specifically, we used a hybrid approach by adopting both qualitative and quantitative methods along with the concept of sustainable livelihood approach to reveal six capitals of farmers' household capacity and their potential relationships. Based on an analysis of Grounded Theory for smallholder farmers, we proposed a newly built framework for smallholder farmers' sustainable livelihoods by taking the Psychological capital (Psycap) into the sustainable livelihoods' assets. With a total sample of 796 households representing 26 counties in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) in China, we adopted the Structural Equation Modelling using partial least squares (PLS‐SEM) to explore the key factors and key paths affecting smallholder farmers' sustainable livelihoods. Results indicate that Psycap can effectively promote the performance of Human capital (Humcap) and Physical capital (Phycap), with both significant direct and significant indirect effects on sustainable livelihoods; Phycap and Humcap have significant impacts on the new sustainable livelihood index. Finally, this paper proposed corresponding policy recommendations for poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods of smallholder farmers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increase in phenolic compounds of Coriandrum sativum L. after the application of a Bacillus halotolerans biofertilizer
Authors: Jiménez‐Gómez Alejandro , García‐Estévez Ignacio , García‐Fraile Paula , Escribano‐Bailón M Teresa , Rivas Raúl 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is an urgent need for a new sustainable way of satisfying the increasing demand for food worldwide. One of the main challenges is replacing chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers, which include plant root‐associated beneficial microorganisms. The present study reports, for the first time, the effects of SCCPVE07 bacterial strain with respect to improving not only plant development, but also the nutritional content and bioactive compounds content of Coriandrum sativum L., one of the most economically important crops, even for plant growth under salinity stress.RESULTSInnoculated coriander plants (C. sativum L.) showed an increase in potassium, carbon, calcium and iron content. A significant improvement in phenolic compounds contents was also observed. The contents of 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, cinnamic acid, 4‐methoxy‐cinnamic acid hexoside, K‐3‐O rutinoside, Q‐3‐O‐rutinoside, Q‐3‐O‐glucoside and Q‐3‐O‐glucuronide were significantly enhanced. Moreover, an efficient bacterial root colonization and a noted growth promotion were demonstrated. Bacterial genome was sequenced and analysed. Gene coding related to Plant growth promotion (PGP) mechanisms and proteins involved in plant defence from salinity or in the metabolism of phenolic compounds, such as quercetin 2,3‐dioxygenase and phenolic acid decarboxylase, were identified.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in the present study show, for the first time, the beneficial effects of the inoculation of a bacterial Bacillus halotolerans biofertilizer on coriander crops with respect to increasing the content in bioactive compounds and plant development. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Online high‐pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography × low‐pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with pulse elution gradient in the first dimension for the analysis of alkaloids in Macleaya cordata (willd.) R. Br
Authors: Hu Deping , Li Yuandong , Zhao Hui , Zhao Yang , Huang Si , Li Juan , Li Zhenjie , Duan Yuanxing , Chen Yingzhuang , Xia Jianjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn online high‐pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography× low‐pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with pulse elution gradient in the first dimension was constructed to separate and identify alkaloids from Macleaya cordata (willd.) R. Br. The modulation was performed by using a dual second dimensional columns interface combined with a make‐up dilution pump, which is responsible for dilution and neutralization of the first dimensional effluent, and the dual second dimensional columns integrated the trapping and the separation function to reduce the second dimension system dead volume. Taking advantage of the dissociable characteristics of alkaloids, mobile phases with different pH values were applied in the first dimension (pH 9.0) and the second dimension (pH 2.6) to improve the orthogonality of two‐dimension separation. Besides, the pulse elution gradient in first dimension and second dimensional gradient were carefully optimized and much better separation was achieved compared to the separation with the traditional two‐dimensional liquid chromatography approach. Finally, mass measurement was performed for alkaloids in M. cordata (willd.) R. Br. by coupling proposed two‐dimensional liquid chromatography system with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and 39 alkaloids were successfully identified by comparing the obtained result with the former reported results.
Ghrelin promotes neural differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell via AKT/mTOR and β‐catenin signaling pathways
Authors: Liu Gui‐Bo , Pan Yan‐Ming , Liu Yun‐Shuang , Hu Jia‐Hang , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Da‐Wei , Wang Ying , Feng Yu‐Kuan , Yu Jian‐Bo , Cheng Yong‐Xia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into various cell types. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ghrelin on the neural differentiation of rat ADSCs and underlying molecular mechanisms. Rat ADSCs were isolated and third‐passage ADSCs were used in this study. The isolated ADSCs were characterized by flow cytometry analysis for MSCs' surface expression markers as evidenced by positive for CD90, CD44, and CD29 and negative for CD34, CD45, and CD11b/2f/c. The multilineage differentiation of ADSCs was confirmed by adipogenic, osteogenic, and neural differentiation. After induction of neurogenesis, the differentiated cells were identified by development of neuron‐like morphology and expression of neural markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein, Nestin, MAP2, and β‐Tubulin III using immunofluorescence and western blot. Ghrelin concentration dependently elevated the proportion of neural‐like cells and branching dendrites, as well as upregulated the expression of neural markers. Further, the expression of nuclear β‐catenin, p‐GSK‐3β, p‐AKT, and p‐mTOR was increased by ghrelin, indicating an activation of β‐catenin and AKT/mTOR signaling after the ghrelin treatment. Importantly, inhibition of β‐catenin or AKT/mTOR signaling suppressed ghrelin‐induced neurogenesis. Therefore, we demonstrate that ghrelin promotes neural differentiation of ADSCs through the activation of β‐catenin and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.
Investigations on the oxygen corrosion behaviors of P110 steel in a dynamic experiment simulating nitrogen injection
Authors: Yu Zhiming , Zeng Dezhi , Lin Yuanhua , Zeng Guangwen , Feng Yibo , Ding Baodong , Li Haixia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNitrogen injection is widely applied to enhance oil recovery, but the corrosion failure risk of tubing and casing is increased by residual oxygen in nitrogen. In this study, the corrosion behaviors of P110 steel under dynamic conditions with different oxygen partial pressures (2.5–0.003 MPa) simulating high‐pressure (30 MPa) nitrogen injection were studied. The morphology and composition of corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis methods; furthermore, the localized corrosion rate and three‐dimensional surface morphologies were analyzed. The results show that the general corrosion rate decreased significantly with decreasing O2 partial pressure, especially when O2 partial pressure was below 0.5 MPa, and there is a corrosion morphology change from general corrosion to localized corrosion (pitting). Besides, the localized corrosion rates are about 20 times the general corrosion rates. The corrosion products are mainly FeOOH and Fe3O4. In addition, the scales in the intact area are relatively flat and dense, whereas the damaged scales are porous and brittle. Fluid flows not only changed the morphologies and microstructures, resulting in a more protective product layer but also promoted the transfer of the corrosive mediators and affected the development of localized corrosion.
Synthesis of ABC Miktoarm Star Copolymers via Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization
Authors: Ge Yicen , Chen Chen , Sim Xuan Ming , Zheng Jie , Goto Atsushi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractABC‐type miktoarm star copolymers are synthesized using a single living radical polymerization (organocatalyzed living radical polymerization) via a “combinatorial” approach. The arm A is poly(butyl acrylate), the arm B is poly(methyl methacrylate), and the arm C encompasses hydrophobic and hydrophilic polyacrylates. A poly(butyl acrylate) with a vinyl chain end (macromonomer) is synthesized. A poly(methyl methacrylate) is subsequently connected to the reactive vinyl group to generate diblock copolymer. From the junction of the diblock copolymer, polymer C grew to yield star copolymers. An amphiphilic star copolymer is also synthesized, and its self‐assembly structure is studied in an aqueous solution.
T2 relaxation times of macromolecules and metabolites in the human brain at 9.4 T
Authors: Murali‐Manohar Saipavitra , Borbath Tamas , Wright Andrew Martin , Soher Brian , Mekle Ralf , Henning Anke 
Published: January 2020

PurposeRelaxation times can contribute to spectral assignment. In this study, effective T2 relaxation times () of macromolecules are reported for gray and white matter–rich voxels in the human brain at 9.4 T. The of macromolecules are helpful to understand their behavior and the effect they have on metabolite quantification. Additionally, for absolute quantification of metabolites with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, appropriate T2 values of metabolites must be considered. The T2 relaxation times of metabolites are calculated after accounting for TE/sequence‐specific macromolecular baselines.MethodsMacromolecular and metabolite spectra for a series of TEs were acquired at 9.4 T using double inversion–recovery metabolite‐cycled semi‐LASER and metabolite‐cycled semi‐LASER, respectively. The T2 relaxation times were calculated by fitting the LCModel relative amplitudes of macromolecular peaks and metabolites to a mono‐exponential decay across the TE series. Furthermore, absolute concentrations of metabolites were calculated using the estimated relaxation times and internal water as reference.ResultsThe of macromolecules are reported, which range from 13 ms to 40 ms, whereas, for metabolites, they range from 40 ms to 110 ms. Both macromolecular and metabolite T2 relaxation times are observed to follow the decreasing trend, with increasing B0. The linewidths of metabolite singlets can be fully attributed to T2 and B0 components. However, in addition to these components, macromolecule linewidths have contributions from J‐coupling and overlapping resonances.ConclusionThe T2 relaxation times of all macromolecular and metabolite peaks at 9.4 T in vivo are reported for the first time. Metabolite relaxation times were used to calculate the absolute metabolite concentrations.