bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical issue mapping of Indonesian natural rubber industry based on innovation system perspectives
Authors: Kurnia D , Marimin  , Haris U , Sudradjat  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The added value of Indonesian natural rubber industry is the lowest among other main natural producing countries, Malaysia and Thailand. It is necessary to overcome this problem especially based on innovation system perspectives. The objectives of this study are to map the problems of the natural rubber industry and developing alternative solutions to these problems. This study use systems approach, namely Soft System Methodology (SSM) and Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST), which aim is to get a complete picture (rich picture) of the problems in Indonesian rubber industry and to identify the strategic issues that become the industry priorities through sectoral innovation system approach. Based on the mapping of strategic issues, it shows that almost all indicators were in a certain planning region. Such as policy issues (general/parent policies, financing policies, price policies, tax policies for R&D and Innovation, education and training policies), Institutional Issues (formation of financial institutions and institutional arrangements), Human Resources, Industrial issues (Development of downstream industries), technology (technology development as needed), as well as financial and market problems. This implied that there were many strategic and urgent problems that must be addressed in the development of the downstream industry and the innovation system of Indonesia’s natural rubber industry. It is important to highlight the interaction between innovators, intermediaries and innovation users. In addition to the interaction within the system, interactions outside the systems are also needed, such as foreign research institutions, etc. Government and financial institution support, strengthening the innovation institution and the existence of a legal direction and protection (such as the system innovation law/act) are the key factors in enhancing the innovation-based industry and increasing the industry competitiveness.
Standard level determination of pungency in Sambal Terasi (case of study: Warung Makan Betawi micro small medium enterprises)
Authors: Ahmad A , Kastaman R , Mardawati E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sambal Terasi is a hot sauce that uses good chili as main ingredients and added terasi (fermented shrimp or fish) as an additional spice. The primary taste of Sambal Terasi is spicy. It occurs because of capsaicin contained in chili. Today, the problem of many Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in Indonesia is they have not quantified the standard level of pungency in Sambal Terasi based on the scientific method, but it relied on human subjectivity. This research aims to quantify the Scoville Scale of the pungency of Sambal Terasi at various levels in Warung Makan Betawi MSME. The research methods were descriptive research method on the composition of Sambal Terasi and quantitation of capsaicin concentration (g/g) using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, then converted into Scoville Heat Units (SHU). The results have shown that standardized composition, ingredients and procedures are important to equalize the pungency of each production of Sambal Terasi. Scoville Scale and classifications for each level of Sambal Terasi were as follows: level 1 has 1065 SHU as non-pungent; level 2 has 2262 SHU as mildly pungent; level 3 has 3619 SHU as moderately pungent; level 4 has 3957 SHU as pungent; level 5 has 5215 SHU as highly pungent.
Innovative social business model development for organic rice commodity entrepreneur using business model canvas (BMC) (Case study: Gapoktan Simpatik, local farmers group entrepreneur in Cisayong, Tasikmalaya)
Authors: Purnomo D , Bunyamin A , Ihsani F , Nawawi M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The demand for organic rice products tends to increase 20 percent annually. This has become a very promising market opportunity for business actors or farmer groups. One of the farmer groups in Tasikmalaya District that produces organic rice is Gapoktan Simpatik. The market of Gapoktan Simpatik product includes local and international markets, but the demand quantity of local market is lower than the international market. Breakthrough efforts to increase local market demand need to be done by increasing the number of sales, expanding markets, maintaining business sustainability and providing social impact to the wider community. The development of organic rice products is carried out using the Design Thinking approach which is followed by a validation process, repeated evaluations and modifications for each development. Business model design research using seven stages: 1) Planning Stage, 2) Vision Design, 3) Profound Understanding, 4) Idea, 5) Prototype, 6) Validation and 7) Scale Up. The final business model was then developed into a Social Business Model. To ensure the process is successful, the evaluation is done twice so that a social business model that has been improved appears. The results of this research show that the design carried out with the stages of Design Thinking shows that the business being run is getting better. This is indicated by the criteria for increasing sales of organic rice products, the ability of innovation in derivative products produced, and increasing the capacity of the community in terms of both economic and intellectual aspects.
Comparison of Curcuma domestica and Curcuma xanthorrhiza oleoresins extracted using maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)
Authors: Nurhadi B , Saputra R A , Setiawati T A , Husein S N , Faressi F R , Utari C D , Sukri N , Kayaputri I L , Setiasih I S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research aimed to use conventional and modern extraction methods for extraction of C. domestica and C. xanthorrhiza oleoresins. For this purpose, maceration, Soxhlet, and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) were implemented to extract oleoresins. All the extraction method used acetone as a solvent with the ratio of ground spices to solvent was 1:5 (w/w). The results showed that the Soxhlet extraction method gave the highest oleoresin yield of C. domestica (18.89 ± 0.68%) and C. xanthorrhiza (14.70 ± 0.62%). Maceration method gave the highest curcumin yield of 49.52 ± 0.63% and 15.82 ± 0.27% for C. domestica and C. xanthorrhiza oleoresins, respectively. Meanwhile, the oleoresin obtained from the UAE method gave the lowest residual solvent on both C. domestica (16.00 ± 4.67%) and C. xanthorrhiza (15.66 ± 3.33%) oleoresins. C. xanthorrhiza oleoresin obtained from maceration tends to show the best colour, while the best colour of C. domestica oleoresin obtained from UAE. Propylene glycol had the best solubility for C. domestica oleoresin, while C. xanthorrhiza oleoresin was soluble in all solvents.
Effect of heating temperature and time on the formation of 11S globulin nanofibril from Bogor nut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc.) for food ingredients
Authors: Sarastani D , Fardiaz D , Suhartono M T , Lioe H N , Purwanti N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bogor beans (Bambara groundnuts) are thought to originate from Bambara, Timbuktu, Mali, West Africa. Introduced to Indonesia in the 20th century, and the name of the Bogor nut was given because it was widely sold in the city of Bogor. This research aims to study the formation of nanofibrils from 11S globulins to increase the benefits of Bogor nut as a food ingredient. Temperature treatment (65, 75, 85 °C) and heating time (6.12, 18, 24, 30 hours) at a concentration of 1% (w/w) protein solution, at pH 2, was applied to observe nanofibril formation. The formation of nanofibril was observed by measuring the viscosity of protein solutions before and after heating with a rheometer. A transmission electron microscope observed the morphology of nanofibrils formed at various heating times. The results showed that 11S globulin nanofibril formation was achieved at 85 °C heating temperatures. The morphology of 11S globulin nanofibrils from a 1% protein solution (w/w) with a heating temperature of 85 °C, is visible and significant in number after 24 hours of heating. The increase in the viscosity of the nanofibril solution from the protein solution indicates that the nanofibril from Bogor nut 11S globulin has potential as a food thickener.
SpiceUp-Geodata for sustainable pepper farming: case pepper field at Bangka Belitung, Lampung, West Kalimantan, and East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Nanda M Z , Syarifudin A , Handayani I , Vionita Y , Nugraha H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the potential agricultural commodities in Indonesia. In the past, Indonesia was the leading producer and exporter of black and white pepper in the world. However, in recent years, Indonesia has lost its leading position to Vietnam due to instability of price, climate change and pepper farmer’s lack of knowledge on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), resulting in low productivity, plant diseases, and difficulties with water supply. In order to tackle those problems, eight public and private organizations (Verstegen, ICCO, N&S, AKVO, VanderSat, IPB, Balittro and PT. CAN) formed a multinational partnership project named SpiceUp funded by NSO. SpiceUp aims to implement a financially sustainable information service based on geodata and precision agriculture that supports 100, 000 Indonesia pepper farmers to increase their production, income, food security and reduce the inputs of water, fertilizer, and pesticides. As an initial phase, baseline surveys were conducted in four targeted areas to collect data about household characteristics, inputs and income of farmers and better understand farming practices. The baseline findings show that there is an urgent need for farmers to get access to: 1. Fertilizer advice; 2. Pest and disease advice; 3. Good Agricultural Practice; 4. Water management advice; 5. Sustainability tracing system. In conclusion, increasing farmers’ knowledge of pepper culture that corresponds with GAP and inviting farmers to be able to start using information technology and satellite data in their cultivation systems will be solutions in facing current challenges because the services offered depend on the real problems.
Functional food in Indonesia: An analysis of legal and institutional framework
Authors: Gustina A , Putera P B , Kusuma P T W W , Hastanto W Y , Kurniawati W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Indonesia has functional food regulation in 2005 through the Regulation of the Head of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Number HK 00.05.52.0685 concerning Provisions on Basic Functional Food Control. However, there is a shift in the term to “Claims on Processed Food Labels” or later known as “Claimed Foods” in accordance with the Regulation of the Head of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Number 13 of 2016. The dynamics of policy changes are reviewed through qualitative methods with a content analysis approach. The results of the study indicate that the development of science and technology, as well as international consensus through the annual session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission has an effect on regulation in Indonesia, and has been adjusted to Nutrition and Health Claims (CAC/GL 23–1997), Guidelines for Use of Nutrition and Health Claims, Adopted in 1997. Revised in 2004. Amended in 2001, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. Annex adopted 2009. In addition, it also required 1) Guidelines for the Development of Functional Food and its claims directed at nutritional functions, improving function or decrease in disease risk in the framework of promotive and preventive efforts after the fulfillment of balanced nutrition, and 2) regulations related to functional food, especially the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). It would be more beneficial if SNI for functional food was arranged in general, not for each product or for every benefit. SNI that can be compiled are SNI terms and definitions (term and definition), SNI for functional food guidelines and SNI code of practice for functional food claims.
The role of pulsed electric field (PEF) with thermocontrol modification as an elicitor to increase bioactive compound in local soybean
Authors: Maligan J M , Fitria M W , Putri W D R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Soybean is an agricultural commodity, being third in harvest amount after paddy and corn. The processing of soybean using heat causes the bioactive compounds to decrease. There is another way to increase the bioactive compounds in soybeans. Elicitation is a method that functions to increase biosynthesis of secondary metabolite formation in plants by using elicitor. This research used Factorial Randomized Block Design method with 2 factors which were temperature (25 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C) and pulsed field (3 kV, 5 kV and 7 kV). Electrical voltage test result from device obtained input voltage 0.76 V resulted 3 kV, 1.04 V resulted 5 kV, 1.4 V resulted 7 kV. Research results on soybean extract obtained total phenol as much as 2.76 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid 0.31 mg QE/g, tannin content 0.18 mg/g, IC50 as much as 626.95 ppm. Whereas for the results of extraction of soybeans in the best treatment was obtained at the pulsed field of 3 kV and temperature of 25 °C. Total phenol result was 2.92 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid 0.37 mg QE/g, tannin content 0.19 mg/g, antioxidant activitiy IC50 128.84 mg/L. The voltage and temperature treatment is given gave a significant difference in effect (p < 0.05) and interaction on all parameters. The best treatment in this study was obtained at a value of 3 kV and a temperature of 25 ºC with characteristics of total phenol of 2.92 mg GAE/g, flavonoids of 0.37 mg QE/g, tannin of 0.19 mg TAE/g and antioxidant activity IC50 of 128.84 ppm. In the results of this study, there was no elicitation process because there were no research steps that showed that the elicitation process could occur.
Effect of particle size on sensory attributes of sapodilla tea (Manilkara zapota) using E-tongue
Authors: Rahimah S , Arbaia R , Andoyo R , Lembong E , Setiawati T A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tea is the second most consumed beverage after water, due to its distinctive aroma and the benefit as an antioxidant. This study aims to determine the sensory attributes of sapodilla tea using e-tongue. The method was an experimental descriptive by using three variations of slicing size and drying temperature of 70°C in a food dehydrator for 21 hours. The results showed that the sourness, bitterness, astringent, umami, and after-taste of sapodilla tea gave the value of 0.04 to 0.63 mmol. The moisture content of the drying results with three slicing size variations (3 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm) were 3.63%, 4.47%, and 6.36%. Powder yield of brown tea powder with three slicing size variation (3 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm) was 20.35%, 21.79%, and 22.4%.
Social capital in encouraging the food security enhancement for fishermen families
Authors: Febrianti T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
One of the indicators in society poverty assessment is the realization of the families’ food security which consists of (1) the food availability for families, (2) food accessibility for families, and (3) food consumption for families. The high dependence of fishermen on the marine resources leads to income vulnerability. In such condition, social capital is often considered as a lifeline in providing food for the fishermen, both in quantity and quality. This study, which was conducted in Cipatujah and Cikalong Sub-district, Tasikmalaya, West Java Province, involved 50 samples of fishermen from each of those sub-districts. The study aims at examining the differences of the social capital as well as testing the effect of the social capital in the two sub-districts on the food security of fishermen families. To test whether there is a difference between the social capital of the fishermen in Cipatujah and Cikalong, the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test is used for cases of large samples (n_1, n_1≥10), while simple regression is employed to identify the effect of social capital. The result of the study shows that there are differences in the social capital in each sub-district and there is an effect of the social capital on family food security in both Cipatujah and Cikalong Sub-districts.
Is there one intelligence or many?
Authors: Deary Ian J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
‘Is there one intelligence or many?’ considers what is measured in intelligence tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, and asks whether these different skills are related to each other, or whether they are distinct. Mental abilities, as measured in mental tests, tend to collect together in pools with common associations. So can we talk about a general intelligence? From the various datasets available, we can say with confidence that some people are generally cleverer than others, and also that there is more to human mental ability than just being generally clever. In the 1990s, American psychologist John Carroll produced a three-stratum model of mental abilities to describe a hierarchy of intelligence differences.
Does intelligence matter in the school and the workplace?
Authors: Deary Ian J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Do intelligence test scores have some predictive power? Can they predict who will do well in achieving more and better educational qualifications, and after school, can they predict who will perform well in the workplace? ‘Does intelligence matter in the school and the workplace?’ looks at the use of the Cognitive Abilities Test in United Kingdom schools and its correlation with GCSE results five years later. The correlation is high: people’s intelligence differences at age 11 are a powerful predictor of their differences in educational outcomes at age 16. In the workplace, the use of general intelligence/psychometric testing in selecting people for work is worthwhile. Intelligence predicts occupational and educational successes.
Solar photovoltaics
Authors: Jelley Nick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
‘Solar photovoltaics’ considers developments in solar technology and their potential contribution to global energy generation. Since the invention of silicon solar cells, it has taken some sixty years for their efficiency to increase to over 20 per cent, and for their cost to fall by several hundred times, to the point where the electricity generated by silicon photovoltaic cells can now be cost competitive with that generated by fossil fuels. It has required considerable development and mass production to achieve this, as the processing of silicon to form a solar cell is complex. Silicon cells now account for about 95 per cent of all solar cells; under development are higher efficiency silicon-perovskite tandem cells. In operation, solar photovoltaic power produces no pollutants, no greenhouse gases, and is a safe way of generating electricity. There are no moving parts, which reduces maintenance, and in Europe, it takes only between one and two and a half years, dependent on location, to generate the same amount of energy as was used in making the solar panels. New generators are increasingly photovoltaic, and distributed generation in residential systems is improving access to electricity across the globe. With massive investment, solar photovoltaics could provide about 40 per cent of the world’s energy demand by 2050.
The transition to renewables
Authors: Jelley Nick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
‘The transition to renewables’ discusses the need for a large-scale transition to renewable energy. This transition is now urgent. We need to respond to the recent International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report on the impacts of 1.5 oC of global warming. This rise in temperature must be the limit to significantly reduce the dangers from extreme weather events and the probability of irreversible damage occurring. For this to be met, emissions must be net-zero by 2050. The transition to predominantly renewable electricity generation, aided by ever improving costs and the increasing role of digital technology, is happening, but not quickly enough. Reducing the consumption and demand for energy are now vitally important, as they will result in a decrease of the rate required for decarbonizing the power supply. Above all, we need to stop burning fossil fuels as quickly as possible, and we need a carbon price. But our reliance on fossil fuels will make the transition to renewables a huge task that governments, states, cities, and individuals must all take on with urgency.
The Art of Tattoos
Authors: Sizer Laura 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper I make the case that at least some tattoos are artworks. I go on to propose a definition of tattoo art that distinguishes it from other uses of tattooing, and from other forms of visual art. I argue that tattoo art is an art form that creates artworks in living skin, and that the living body is an essential component of and contributor to the artwork. This gives rise to several other distinctive features of tattoo art, in particular that it reconfigures in interesting ways the relationships between artist, artworks, and viewers. Like street art, tattoo art by its nature resists inclusion in and valuation through art institutions such as galleries and museums.
The Uterine Plexiform Lesions Revisited
Authors: Karpathiou Georgia , Papoudou-Bai Alexandra , Clemenson Alix , Chauleur Celine , Peoc’h Michel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Uterine lesions with plexiform morphology are uncommon lesions with debated histogenesis. Despite being an incidental and usually benign finding (plexiform tumorlet), some cases can pose diagnostic problems. Their paucity in the recent literature adds to these difficulties and often causes ambiguities. The objective of this study is to systematically review published cases to highlight the historical aspects of their recognition, reappraising their morphology, histogenesis, and differential diagnosis.

Methods
English literature is reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and 32 reports are analyzed.

Results
Most cases are reported in the fourth to sixth decades. In most cases (66.7%), plexiform lesions are incidental findings while 33.3% of cases have been the chief pathology. Size varies from 0.5 to 195 mm. Plexiform foci were solitary in 78.2% cases and multiple in 21.8%. In 67.8% of cases, the lesions are reported as myometrial, while 32.2% are arising from endometrial stroma. Immunohistochemistry shows smooth muscle and no sex cord marker expression. They are usually benign lesions, but worrisome features include plexiform morphology in disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, intravenous leiomyomatosis, and diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis.

Conclusions
Plexiform lesions represent a diverse pathology varying from epithelioid leiomyomas to epithelioid smooth muscle metaplasia of endometrial type of stroma.