bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatic Growth of Enteral-Only Fed Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants in a Resource-Restricted Setting
Authors: Kombo Lena , Smith Johan , Van Wyk Lizelle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aim
To determine the growth and prevalence of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants receiving enteral-only nutrition in a resource-restricted (RR) environment.

Methods
Information on nutritional intake, provided largely from fortified breastmilk, was collected retrospectively for 72 ELBW (&lt;1000 g) infants admitted to Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa over a 1 year period. Anthropometric data for the first 49 postnatal days were compared to gender-specific INTERGROWTH-21st standards.

Results
Full enteral feeds (150 ml/kg) were reached by Day 10–14 with energy &gt;100 Kcal/kg/day from Day 10, and protein &gt;3.5 mg/kg/day from Day 14, onwards. Growth velocity remained below 15 g/kg/day at Day 49. INTERGROWTH-21st Z-scores decreased from −0.8 ± 1.1 at birth to −2.4 ± 1.5 at Day 49. Adequate weight growth velocity (≥15 g/kg/day) was associated with maternal hypertension, completed antenatal steroids, caesarean section delivery and small for gestational age status.

Conclusion
This is the first study to evaluate growth of ELBW infants in a RR setting where enteral-only nutrition, principally from fortified breastmilk, was the primary feeding option. The incidence of EUGR, although high, was similar to the incidence in well-resourced settings, where total parenteral nutrition is routinely provided.
Lay summary
Extra-uterine growth restriction (EUGR) is high in extremely low birth weight infants receiving enteral-only nutrition. However, EUGR rates are similar to infants receiving parenteral nutrition. Despite developmental immaturity, it is possible for these infants to achieve fetal growth rates. More aggressive feeding and fortification strategies may be necessary and will need to be balanced against the risk and fear of necrotizing enterocolitis. Enteral-only feeding regimens, especially in resource-restricted environments, should be audited regularly to ensure provision of feeds with the most optimal protein, and protein to energy ratios possible.
Possible host-adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 due to improved ACE2 receptor binding in mink
Authors: Welkers Matthijs R A , Han Alvin X , Reusken Chantal B E M , Eggink Dirk 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on mink farms are increasingly observed in several countries, leading to the massive culling of animals on affected farms. Recent studies showed multiple (anthropo)zoonotic transmission events between humans and mink on these farms. Mink-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequences from The Netherlands and Denmark contain multiple substitutions in the S protein receptor binding domain (RBD). Molecular modeling showed that these substitutions increase the mean binding energy, suggestive of potential adaptation of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein to the mink angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. These substitutions could possibly also impact human ACE2 binding affinity as well as humoral immune responses directed to the RBD region of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in humans. We wish to highlight these observations to raise awareness and urge for the continued surveillance of mink (and other animal)-related infections.
Prognostic impact of short-term ambulatory blood pressure variability for microvascular and macrovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study
Authors: Cardoso Claudia R.L. , Salles Guilherme C. , Leite Nathalie C. , Salles Gil F. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the prognostic importance of short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) for the occurrence of macrovascular and microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
Six hundred and forty patients had 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring performed at baseline and were followed-up over a median of 11.2 years. Daytime, night-time and 24-h SBP and DBPV parameters (standard deviations and variation coefficients) were calculated. Multivariate Cox analysis, adjusted for risk factors and mean BPs, examined the associations between BPV and the occurrence of microvascular (retinopathy, microalbuminuria, renal function deterioration, peripheral neuropathy) and macrovascular complications [total cardiovascular events (CVEs), major adverse CVEs [MACEs]), and cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities. Improvements in risk discrimination were assessed by the C-statistic and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) index.

Results:
During follow-up, 186 patients had a CVE (150 MACEs), and 237 patients died (107 from cardiovascular diseases); 155 newly developed or worsened diabetic retinopathy, 200 achieved the renal composite outcome (124 newly developed microalbuminuria and 102 deteriorated renal function), and 170 newly developed or worsened peripheral neuropathy. Daytime DBPV was the best predictor for all cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, with hazard ratios (for increments of 1SD) ranging from 1.27 (95% CI 1.09–1.48) for all-cause mortality to 1.55 (1.29–1.85) for MACEs, and it improved cardiovascular risk discrimination (with increases in C-statistic of up to 0.026, and IDIs of up to 22.8%). No BPV parameter predicted any microvascular outcome.

Conclusion:
Short-term BPV, particularly daytime DBPV, predicts future development of macrovascular complications and mortality and improves cardiovascular risk discrimination in patients with diabetes.
Feasibility of Predicting In-Season Mental Health Problems in College Student-Athletes From Pre-season Assessment
Authors: Leonelli Brooke R. , Kuhn Tyler , Sanborn Victoria , Gunstad John 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To examine whether pre-season assessment using a validated assessment tool, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), could predict college student-athletes identified as experiencing in-season mental health (MH) problems.

Design:
A prospective study of athletes who completed a pre-season evaluation in August 2018.

Setting and Participants:
A total of 195 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1 student-athletes from a large midwestern university in northeast Ohio.

Independent Variable:
The MMPI-2-RF, a 338-item self-report measure of constructs relevant to the assessment of psychopathology and personality.

Main Outcome Measure:
Mental health problems of student-athletes tracked throughout the competitive season (August 2018-May 2019) by a team of athletic department personnel who met weekly with a licensed clinical psychologist.

Results:
In pre-season assessment, 71.8% of athletes clinically elevated at least one MMPI-2-RF scale and underreporting was higher in student-athletes than normative controls. Pre-season levels of internalizing psychopathology, diffuse physical symptoms, and unusual thoughts predicted increased likelihood of experiencing MH problems during the competitive season.

Conclusions:
The current findings suggest that the MMPI-2-RF may be a promising tool for identifying student-athletes at risk for MH concerns.
Sleep is required for odor exposure to consolidate memory and remodel olfactory synapses
Authors: Chandra Rashmi , Farah Fatima , Muñoz-Lobato Fernando , Bokka Anirudh , Benedetti Kelli L. , Brueggemann Chantal , Saifuddin Fatema , Miller Julia M. , Li Joy , Chang Eric , Varshney Aruna , Jimenez Vanessa , Baradwaj Anjana , Nassif Cibelle , Alladin Sara , Andersen Kristine , Garcia Angel J. , Bi Veronica , Nordquist Sarah K. , Dunn Raymond L. , Tokalenko Kateryna , Soohoo Emily , Garcia Vanessa , Kaur Sukhdeep , Harris Malcolm , Briseno Fabiola , Fung Brandon , Bykov Andrew , Guillen Hazel , Byrd Decklin , Odisho Emma , Tsujimoto Bryan , Tran Alan , Duong Alex , Daigle Kevin C. , Paisner Rebekka , Zuazo Carlos E. , Churgin Matthew A. , Fang-Yen Christopher , Bremer Martina , Kato Saul , L’Étoile Noëlle D. , VanHoven Miri K. 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYAnimals with complex nervous systems demand sleep for memory consolidation and synaptic remodeling. Here we show that though theCaenorhabditis elegansnervous system has a limited number of neurons, sleep is necessary for both processes. In addition, it is unclear in any system if sleep collaborates with experience to alter synapses between specific neurons and whether this ultimately affects behavior.C. elegansneurons have defined connections and well-described contributions to behavior. We show that spaced odor-training and post-training sleep induce long-term memory. Memory consolidation, but not acquisition, requires a pair of interneurons, the AIYs, which play a role in odor-seeking behavior. In worms that consolidate memory, both sleep and odor conditioning are required to diminish inhibitory synaptic connections between the AWC chemosensory neurons and the AIYs. Thus, we demonstrate in a living organism that sleep is required for events immediately after training that drive memory consolidation and alter synaptic structures.
Neuroskeletal effects of chronic bioelectric nerve stimulation in health and diabetes
Authors: Beeve Alec T , Shen Ivana , Zhang Xiao , Magee Kristann , Yan Ying , MacEwan Matthew , Scheller Erica L 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsBioelectric nerve stimulation (eStim) is a novel clinical paradigm that can promote nerve regeneration after trauma, including within the context of diabetes. However, its ability to prevent the onset of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has not yet been evaluated. Beyond the nerve itself, DPN has emerged as a potential contributor to sarcopenia and bone disease; thus, we hypothesized that eStim could serve as a strategy to simultaneously promote neural and musculoskeletal health in diabetes.MethodsTo address this question, an eStim paradigm pre-optimized to promote nerve regeneration was applied to the sciatic nerve, which directly innervates the tibia and lower limb, for 8-weeks in control and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats. Metabolic, gait, nerve and bone assessments were used to evaluate the progression of diabetes and the effect of sciatic nerve eStim on neuropathy and musculoskeletal disease, while also considering the effects of cuff placement and chronic eStim in otherwise healthy animals.ResultsRats with T1D exhibited increased mechanical allodynia in the hindpaw, reduced muscle mass, decreased cortical and cancellous bone volume fraction (BVF), reduced cortical bone tissue mineral density (TMD), and decreased bone marrow adiposity. T1D also had an independent effect on gait. Placement of the cuff electrode alone was sufficient to alter gait patterns and to promote unilateral reductions in tibia length, cortical BVF, and bone marrow adiposity. Alterations in gait patterns and left-right balance to tibia length were restored with eStim, but it did not prevent T1D-induced changes in muscle, bone, marrow adiposity or mechanical sensitivity. Beyond this, chronic eStim resulted in an independent, bilateral reduction in cortical TMD.ConclusionOverall, these results provide new insight into the pathogenesis of diabetic neuroskeletal disease and its regulation by eStim. Though eStim did not prevent neural or musculoskeletal complications in T1D, our results demonstrate that clinical applications of peripheral neuromodulation ought to consider the impact of device placement and eStim on long-term skeletal health in both healthy individuals and those with metabolic disease. This includes monitoring for compounded bone loss to prevent unintended consequences including decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk.
A method to quantify autonomic nervous system function in healthy, able-bodied individuals
Authors: Debnath Shubham , Levy Todd J. , Bellehsen Mayer , Schwartz Rebecca M. , Barnaby Douglas P. , Zanos Stavros , Volpe Bruce T. , Zanos Theodoros P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system (ANS), which maintains physiological homeostasis in various organ systems via parasympathetic and sympathetic branches, is altered in common diffuse and focal conditions. Sensitive, quantitative biomarkers could detect changes in ANS function, first here in healthy participants and eventually in patients displaying dysautonomia. This framework combines controlled autonomic testing with feature extraction from physiological responses. Twenty-one individuals were assessed in two morning and two afternoon sessions over two weeks. Each session included five standard clinical tests probing autonomic function: squat test, cold pressor test, diving reflex test, deep breathing, and Valsalva maneuver. Noninvasive sensors captured continuous electrocardiography, blood pressure, breathing, electrodermal activity, and pupil diameter. Heart rate, heart rate variability, mean arterial pressure, electrodermal activity, and pupil diameter responses to the perturbations were extracted, and averages across participants were computed. A template matching algorithm calculated scaling and stretching features that optimally fit the average to an individual response. These features were grouped based on test and modality to derive sympathetic and parasympathetic indices for this healthy population. A significant positive correlation (p= 0.000377) was found between sympathetic amplitude response and body mass index. Additionally, longer duration and larger amplitude sympathetic and longer duration parasympathetic responses occurred in afternoon testing sessions; larger amplitude parasympathetic responses occurred in morning sessions. These results demonstrate the robustness and sensitivity of an algorithmic approach to extract multimodal responses from standard tests. This novel method of quantifying ANS function can be used for early diagnosis, measurement of disease progression, or treatment evaluation.
What are the demographic consequences of a seed bank stage for columnar cacti?
Authors: Arroyo-Cosultchi Gabriel , Mandujano María C. , Salguero-Gómez Roberto , Martínez Armando J. , Golubov Jordan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of plants populations are often limited by the early stages in their life cycles. The question if the columnar cacti have or not a seed bank in predictable environments. Yet, information regarding seed bank dynamics and how these may influence the full life cycle of plant species is remarkably scarce or ignore. This lack of knowledge is mostly due to the challenges in quantifying seed vital rates. Studies of arid land plant species have historically been focused on the drivers of sporadic recruitment. However, little attention has been given to the demographic consequences of early developmental stages, including seed banks. Here, we evaluate the effects of seed bank survival and seedling recruitment vital rates on the population dynamics and viability of 12 columnar cacti species, recent evidence suggests that cacti seeds may remain viable for the short-term. We assess how changes in the vital rates of these processes, and the inclusion of a seed bank affect population growth rate (λ). We found that a seed bank in the examined matrix population models significantly increasedλas well as the vital rate elasticities ofλto growth and fecundity, whereas that of overall survival decreased. Our numerical simulations showed that seed survival had a larger effect onλthan seedling recruitment and establishment. We suggest that seed bank may explain the structure and population dynamics. Thus, we argue reconsider that this early stage in demographic models will generate more informed decisions on the conservation and management of columnar cacti.
Identifiability of speciation times under the multispecies coalescent
Authors: Kubatko Laura , Leonard Alexander , Chifman Julia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe advent of rapid and inexpensive sequencing technologies has necessitated the development of computationally efficient methods for analyzing sequence data for many genes simultaneously in a phylogenetic framework. The coalescent process is the most commonly used model for linking the underlying genealogies of individual genes with the global species-level phylogeny, but inference under the coalescent model is computationally daunting in the typical inference frameworks (e.g., the likelihood and Bayesian frameworks) due to the dimensionality of the space of both gene trees and species trees. Here we consider estimation of the branch lengths in fixed species trees with three or four taxa, and show that these branch lengths are identifiable. We also show that for three and four taxa simple estimators for the branch lengths can be derived based on observed site pattern frequencies. Properties of these estimators, such as their asymptotic variances and large-sample distributions, are examined, and performance of the estimators is assessed using simulation. Finally, we use these estimators to develop a hypothesis test that can be used to delimit species under the coalescent model for three or four putative taxa.
Cyto-nuclear linkage disequilibrium resulting from admixture
Authors: Fields Peter D. , McCauley David E. , Taylor Douglas R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPrevious studies of North American populations of the invasive plantSilene latifoliashowed significant cyto-nuclear linkage disequilibrium (CNLD) between SNP variants of a mitochondrial gene (atp1) and the most common allele at nuclear microsatellite loci. Fieldset al. (2014) hypothesized that this CNLD arose partially as a consequence of admixture that occurred during the colonization of North American (NA) populations ofS latifoliavia seed dispersal from genetically differentiated European populations that represent a portion of the native range of this species. In order to evaluate the plausibility of the admixture hypothesis, as opposed to metapopulation processes alone, we estimated CNLD for these same loci using data collected from eastern (EEU) and western (WEU) European populations ofS. latifoliaknown to be genetically differentiated and likely sources of the spread of the study species to North America. We show that the CNLD found previously in NA populations ofS. latifoliacan be attributed to admixture of the previously isolated European demes coupled with decay since that time. Our applied framework allows the separation of the forces generating and dissolving statistical associations between alleles in cytoplasmic organelles and the nuclear genome and may thus be of utility in the study of plant or animal microbiomes.
Cilia-independent requirements for Ccdc103 promoting proliferation and migration of myeloid cells
Authors: Falkenberg Lauren G. , Beckman Sarah A. , Ravisankar Padmapriyadarshini , Dohn Tracy E. , Waxman Joshua S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pathology of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is predominantly attributed to impairment of motile cilia. However, PCD patients also have perplexing functional defects in myeloid cells, which lack motile cilia. Here, we show Coiled-coiled domain containing protein 103 (CCDC103), mutations in which underlie PCD, is required for the proliferation and directed migration of myeloid cells. CCDC103 co-localizes with cytoplasmic microtubules in human myeloid cells. Zebrafishccdc103/schmalhans(smh) mutants have reduced macrophage and neutrophil proliferation, rounded cell morphology, and an inability to migrate efficiently to the site of sterile wounds. Furthermore, we demonstrate that direct interactions between CCDC103 and Sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6), which also promotes microtubule stability, are abrogated by CCDC103 mutations from PCD patients, and thatspag6zebrafish mutants recapitulate the myeloid defects ofsmhmutants. In summary, we have illuminated a mechanism, independent of motile cilia, to explain functional defects in myeloid cells from PCD patients.Summary StatementWe show Ccdc103 regulates myeloid migration and proliferation independent of cilia in zebrafish and that mutations in CCDC103 that cause primary ciliary dyskinesia abrogate interactions with the microtubule-stabilizing protein SPAG6.
MIPMLP – Microbiome Preprocessing Machine Learning Pipeline
Authors: Jasner Yoel Y , Belogolovski Anna , Ben-Itzhak Meirav , Koren Omry , Louzoun Yoram 
Published: November 2020

Abstract16S sequencing results are often used for Machine Learning (ML) tasks. 16S gene sequences are represented as feature counts, which are associated with taxonomic representation. Raw feature counts may not be the optimal representation for ML. We checked multiple preprocessing steps and tested the optimal combination for 16S sequencing-based classification tasks. We computed the contribution of each step to the accuracy as measured by the Area Under Curve (AUC) of the classification. We show that the log of the feature counts is much more informative than the relative counts. We further show that merging features associated with the same taxonomy at a given level, through a dimension reduction step for each group of bacteria improves the AUC. Finally, we show that z-scoring has a very limited effect on the results. These preprocessing steps are integrated into the MIPMLP - Microbiome Preprocessing Machine Learning Pipeline, which is available as a stand alone version athttps://github.com/louzounlab/microbiome/tree/master/Preprocessor as a service athttp://mip-mlp.math.biu.ac.il/HomeImportanceMicrobiome composition has been proposed as a biomarker (mic-marker) for multiple diseases. However, a clear analysis of the optimal way to represent the gene sequence counts is still lacking.We propose a simple and straight forward method that significantly improves the accuracy of mic-marker studies.This method can be of use to merge two of the most important advances in biology in the last decade: Microbiome analysis, and the introduction of machine learning methods to biological studies.
Genetic links in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), clonal hematopoiesis and concomitant hematologic malignancies provide insights into the cell of origin, etiology and biomarker discovery for AITL
Authors: Cheng Shuhua , Zhang Wei , Inghirami Giorgio , Tam Wayne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe generated and compared the mutation profiles through targeted sequencing of the primary tumors and matched bone marrow/peripheral blood samples in 25 patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and 2 with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Our results provided strong evidence that AITL/PTCL-NOS, clonal hematopoiesis (CH) as well as other concomitant myeloid and even B-cell hematologic neoplasms (CHN), frequently arose from common mutated hematopoietic stem cell clones. Aberrant AID/APOBEC activity-associated substitutions and tobacco smoking-associated substitutions were enriched in the early CH-associated mutations and late non-CH associated mutations during AITL/PTCL-NOS development, respectively. Moreover, survival analysis showed that the presence of CH harboring ≥ 2 pathogenic TET2 variants with ≥ 15% of allele burden conferred higher risk for CHN (P = 0.0034, hazard ratio = 10.81). These findings provide insights into the cell origin and etiology of AITL, and provide a novel stratification biomarker for CHN risk in AITL/PTCL-NOS patients.