bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation of GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 in a human cementoblast cell line induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kobayashi F. , Uehara O. , Ito C. , Furusawa M. , Abiko Y. , Muramatsu T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo examine DNA methylation of GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 in human cementoblasts (HCEM) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).MethodologyHCEM were cultured in osteoinduction medium. After 24 h, Escherichia coli LPS (1 μg/mL) was added to the medium, which was changed every 2–3 days. Untreated samples were used as controls. Messenger RNA was extracted after 4 weeks, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) for GJA1, BMP2, BMP4 and DNMT1 was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted after 4 weeks, and quantitative methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out for GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4. To detect mineralization, alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining were performed. The cells were also treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐Aza‐2'‐deoxycytidine (5Aza) and examined. The significance of differences amongst groups was assessed using a two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test with P < 0.05 being significant.ResultsDecreased expression of mRNA was seen in GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 after 4 weeks (P < 0.05). DNA hypermethylation was detected in GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase staining revealed decreased mineralization levels in HCEM stimulated with LPS. 5Aza abolished the effects of DNA methylation in HCEM stimulated with LPS.ConclusionsThese results suggest that long‐term LPS stimulation induces DNA methylation of GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 in HCEM.
Liquid‐liquid phase transitions in glass‐forming systems and their implications for memory technology
Authors: Lucas Pierre , Wei Shuai , Angell C. Austen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile it is broadly known that solid compounds may exist in distinct crystalline arrangements (polymorphs), the notion that some liquids may also adopt distinct phases with dissimilar structures and densities is much less widespread. One of the reasons is that these liquid‐liquid (L‐L) transitions often occur in the supercooled equilibrium regime below the melting line and can be challenging to observe experimentally. Glass‐forming liquids that supercool over significant temperature ranges can therefore constitute useful systems for investigating these transitions. In this paper we review experimental evidence for L‐L transitions in chalcogenide systems. In that respect, L‐L transitions are found to be associated with transitions from fragile to strong viscous behavior in these glass‐forming liquids. Moreover, they are signaled by extrema in multiple thermodynamic functions and sharp change in physical properties such as electrical conductivity. Finally, while the physical principles underlying these transitions are still unclear, they have been shown to play a critical role in the function of PCMs that are poised to transform fast computing technologies.
Moderating effects of consumer empowerment on the relationship between involvement in eco‐friendly food and eco‐friendly food behaviour
Authors: Nam Su‐Jung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the moderating effect of consumer empowerment on the relationship between involvement in and purchase behaviour towards eco‐friendly food. It uses the generalized linear model, with data from the 2017 Research on Food Consumption. The results showed that gender is related only to involvement in eco‐friendly food and this involvement is higher for women than for men. Moreover, involvement in eco‐friendly food, purchase empowerment, engagement empowerment and frequency of buying eco‐friendly food increase as age increases, with the highest increases observed at ages 40–49 and 50–59; the score for those older than these age groups was much lower, resembling an inverted U shape. Groups with high education and income levels presented high scores for involvement in eco‐friendly food, purchase empowerment, engagement empowerment and frequency of buying eco‐friendly food. Regarding the effects of involvement in eco‐friendly food, purchase empowerment and engagement empowerment on the frequency of buying eco‐friendly food, the main effects of involvement in eco‐friendly food and purchase empowerment as well as the interactive effects between involvement in eco‐friendly food and engagement empowerment were statistically significant.
Current therapies for actinic keratosis
Authors: Dianzani Caterina , Conforti Claudio , Giuffrida Roberta , Corneli Paola , di Meo Nicola , Farinazzo Eleonora , Moret Anna , Magaton Rizzi Giovanni , Zalaudek Iris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractActinic keratosis (AK) is a very common skin disease caused by chronic sun damage, which in 75% of cases arises on chronically sun‐exposed areas, such as face, scalp, neck, hands, and forearms. AKs must be considered an early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for their probable progression into invasive SCC. For this reason, all AK should be treated, and clinical follow‐up is recommended. The aims of treatment are: (i) to clinically eradicate evident and subclinical lesions, (ii) to prevent their evolution into SCC, and (iii) to reduce the number of relapses. Among available treatments, it is possible to distinguish lesion‐directed therapies and field‐directed therapies. Lesion‐directed treatments include: (i) cryotherapy; (ii) laser therapy; (iii) surgery; and (iv) curettage. Whereas, field‐directed treatments are: (i) 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU); (ii) diclofenac 3% gel; (iii) chemical peeling; (iv) imiquimod; and (v) photodynamic therapy (PDT). Prevention plays an important role in the treatment of AKs, and it is based on the continuous use of sunscreen and protective clothing. This review shows different types of available treatments and describes the characteristics and benefits of each medication, underlining the best choice.
Effect of pretreatments and retort process on characteristics and sensory quality of edible bird’s nest beverage
Authors: Chantakun Kasidate , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: February 2020

SummaryEdible bird’s nest (EBN) flakes were pretreated using sodium alginate (AG) in the presence of different divalent cross‐linking agents before retorting at different temperatures (118 and 121 °C). Protein was the dominant component (58.61 g 100 g−1, wet weight basis), followed by carbohydrate (24.38 g 100 g−1, wet weight basis). Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) showed the interaction between 1.0 g 100 mL−1 AG with protein as induced by cross‐linking agents including 0.5 g 100 mL−1 calcium chloride, 1.0 g 100 mL−1 calcium lactate or 1.0 g 100 mL−1 magnesium chloride. Those alginate gels formed in beverage (EBNB) could withstand retorting at both temperatures. All pretreated EBN yielded EBNB with higher hedonic liking scores than control and non‐retort process. Pretreatment of ENB using 1.0 g 100 mL−1 AG and 1.0 g 100 mL−1 calcium lactate before retorting at 121 °C rendered safe ready‐to‐drink EBNB with high hedonic liking score of all attributes.
Parental perspectives on early childhood caries: A qualitative study
Authors: Lotto Matheus , Strieder Anna Paola , Ayala Aguirre Patricia Estefania , Andrade Moreira Machado Maria Aparecida , Rios Daniela , Cruvinel Agnes , Cruvinel Thiago 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) affects about 621 million children worldwide, causing chronic pain, infections, sleeping disorders, and tooth extraction.AimTo determine perspectives of parents and caregivers of preschoolers regarding ECC.DesignThree focus groups were conducted with attendees of the Clinics of Paediatric Dentistry from the Bauru School of Dentistry. The meetings were video‐ and audio‐recorded, and the contents were transcribed verbatim. Then, textual passages were examined and coded using the software NVivo 12 Plus.ResultsThe participants associated the presence of dental caries lesions with negative consequences for children, such as problems for permanent dentition, discrimination, and psychological damages. Although regular oral hygiene and healthy diet were recognized as important factors for the prevention of ECC, specific doubts about feeding, toothpaste usage, oral hygiene, and dental eruption were detected among parents. Additionally, they declared that their children brush teeth alone, intake fermentable carbohydrates frequently, and sleep during breastfeeding without dental plaque removal, because uncooperativeness, permissiveness, and convenience.ConclusionsBased on these results, parents and caregivers understand the unfavourable effects of ECC on children's quality of life; however, their attitudes against the disease seemed to be inaccurate, influenced by their daily routines, doubts, and beliefs.
Parental acceptance of silver diammine fluoride in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hu Shijia , Meyer Beau , Lai Bien Wen Pui , Chay Pui Ling , Tong Huei Jinn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have concerns with fluoride/silver content in silver diammine fluoride (SDF).AimTo compare parental acceptance of SDF and dental fear between children with and without ASD.DesignThree hundred parents were enrolled. Demographics, dental history, and dental fear were recorded. Subjects viewed an educational video and completed survey about SDF acceptance including the following: (a) overall acceptance, (b) aesthetic concerns by tooth location, (c) fluoride/silver concerns, and (d) its use as a general anaesthesia (GA) alternative. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were used.ResultsSignificantly, more children with ASD had dental fear (ASD: 56% vs neurotypical: 26%). No differences in acceptance existed between the two groups overall or with respect to aesthetics, fluoride/silver content, or as an alternative to GA. Overall acceptance is >60%. Regardless of group, parents of older children were less likely to accept SDF as an alternative to GA (OR = 0.67 [95% CI: 0.50‐0.90]).ConclusionParents of children with ASD had similar acceptance of SDF use compared to parents of neurotypical children. Children with ASD had higher levels of dental fear. Parents of younger children are more likely to accept SDF as an alternative to GA in both groups.
Predictors of family focused practice among health visitors: A mixed methods study
Authors: Leonard Rachel , Linden Mark , Grant Anne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine what predicts health visitors’ family‐focused practice with mothers who have mental illness. To explore health visitors’ experiences of family‐focused practice and what factors, if any, enable and/or hinder it.DesignA sequential mixed‐methods design was employed.MethodsIn Phase 1, a total of 230 health visitors, in five Health and Social Care Trusts in the UK were recruited using convenience sampling and completed the Family Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire. Three multiple regression models were developed to test whether workload (Model I), professional knowledge (Model II) and health visitors’ professional and personal experience (Model III) predicted their family‐focused practice. In Phase 2, 10 health visitors, who completed the questionnaire, participated in semi‐structured interviews to describe their experiences of family‐focused practice. The data collection of the two phases was conducted from September 2017 ‐ September 2018.ResultsModel III was significant. While personal experience of parenting was positively associated with family‐focused practice, length registered as a health visitor and personal experience of mental illness was negatively associated. Qualitative findings suggested that increasing years of professional experience and personal experience of mental illness enabled health visitors to support mothers and their children, but not other adult family members, including partners. Limited skills and knowledge to support mothers with severe mental illness (i.e. schizophrenia) hindered family‐focused practice.ConclusionThis study advances understanding of how health visitors’ professional and personal experiences can influence their family‐focused practice and highlights the importance of organizations promoting their capacity to support mothers with severe mental illness and to include mothers’ partners.ImpactA clear understanding of factors affecting health visitors’ capacity to engage in family‐focused practice will help to inform policy, education and practice in health visiting; with potential to improve outcomes for the whole family.
How important is it to consider lineage diversification heterogeneity in macroevolutionary studies? Lessons from the lizard family Liolaemidae
Authors: Olave Melisa , Avila Luciano J. , Sites Jack W. , Morando Mariana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMacroevolutionary and biogeographical studies commonly apply multiple models to test state‐dependent diversification. These models track the association between states of interest along a phylogeny, although many of them do not consider whether different clades might be evolving under different evolutionary drivers. Yet, they are still commonly applied to empirical studies without careful consideration of possible lineage diversification heterogeneity along the phylogenetic tree. A recent biogeographic study has suggested that orogenic uplift of the southern Andes has acted as a species pump, driving diversification of the lizard family Liolaemidae (307 described species), native to temperate southern South America. Here, we argue against the Andean uplift as main driver of evolution in this group. We show that there is a clear pattern of heterogeneous diversification in the Liolaemidae, which biases state‐ and environment‐dependent analyses in, respectively, the GeoSSE and RPANDA programs. We show here that there are two shifts to accelerated speciation rates involving two clades that have both been classified as having “Andean” distributions. We incorporated the Geographic Hidden‐State Speciation and Extinction model (GeoHiSSE) to accommodate unrelated diversification shifts, and also re‐analyzed the data in RPANDA program after splitting biologically distinct clades for separate analyses, as well as including a more appropriate set of models. We demonstrate that the “Andean uplift” hypothesis is not supported when the heterogeneous diversification histories among these lizards is considered. We use the Liolaemidae as an ideal system to demonstrate potential risks of ignoring clade‐specific differences in diversification patterns in macroevolutionary studies. We also implemented simulations to show that, in agreement with previous findings, the HiSSE approach can effectively and substantially reduce the level of distribution‐dependent models receiving the highest AIC weights in such scenarios. However, we still find a relatively high rate (15%) of distribution‐dependent models receiving the highest AIC weights, and provide recommendations related to the set of models included in the analyses that reduce these rates by half. Finally, we demonstrate that trees including clades following different dependent‐drivers affect RPANDA analyses by producing different outcomes, ranging from partially correct models to completely misleading results. We provide recommendations for the implementation of both programs.
Pollen colour morphs take different paths to fitness
Authors: Koski Matthew H. , Berardi Andrea E. , Galloway Laura F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractColour phenotypes are often involved in communication and are thus under selection by species interactions. However, selection may also act on colour through correlated traits or alternative functions of biochemical pigments. Such forms of selection are instrumental in maintaining petal colour diversity in plants. Pollen colour also varies markedly, but the maintenance of this variation is little understood. InCampanula americana, pollen ranges from white to dark purple, with darker morphs garnering more pollinator visits and exhibiting elevated pollen performance under heat stress. Here, we generate an F2 population segregating for pollen colour and measure correlations with floral traits, pollen attributes and plant‐level traits related to fitness. We determine the pigment biochemistry of colour variants and evaluate maternal and paternal fitness of light and dark morphs by crossing within and between morphs. Pollen colour was largely uncorrelated with floral traits (petal colour, size, nectar traits) suggesting it can evolve independently. Darker pollen grains were larger and had higher anthocyanin content (cyanidin and peonidin) which may explain why they outperform light pollen under heat stress. Overall, pollen‐related fitness metrics were greater for dark pollen, and dark pollen sires generated seeds with higher germination potential. Conversely, light pollen plants produce 61% more flowers than dark, and 18% more seeds per fruit, suggesting a seed production advantage. Results indicate that light and dark morphs may achieve fitness through different means—dark morphs appear to have a pollen advantage whereas light morphs have an ovule advantage—helping to explain the maintenance of pollen colour variation.
Effect of genetic line, protein source, and protein level on growth, survival, and immune‐related gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Rodriguez‐Anaya Libia Z. , Casillas‐Hernández Ramón , Flores‐Pérez María B. , Lares‐Villa Fernando , Lares‐Jiménez Luis F. , Luna‐Nevarez Pablo , Gonzalez‐Galaviz Jose R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo shrimp genetic lines (LGR: faster growth and LWR: higher white spot syndrome virus resistance) were evaluated with six dietary treatments containing different sources (animal and plant), and three protein levels (low, medium and high). A five‐week bioassay was conducted using Litopenaeus vannamei with an average initial weight of 2.08 ± 0.06 g to determine the influence of the genetic line, protein source, and protein level on the weight gained per week, survival, and expression of immune‐related genes. The overall mean of weight gain was 1.02 g/week for LGR and 0.71 g/week for LWR. Survival was 71.7% for LGR and 78.9% for LWR. The genetic line influenced weekly weight gain and survival while a significant interaction between genetic line, protein source, and protein level, influenced the expression of immune‐related genes of shrimp. The data suggested that a diet containing plant‐based protein (30–35%) at medium level was sufficient to obtain adequate values of weekly weight gain and survival without affecting the immune response. However, LGR showed higher weight gain, and LWR increased survival and gene expression levels related to the immune response. These results could be of interest on feed formulation for aquatic organisms and feeding strategies of farmed shrimp.
Eyewitness metamemory predicts identification performance in biased and unbiased line‐ups
Authors: Saraiva Renan Benigno , van Boeijen Inger , Hope Lorraine , Horselenberg Robert , Sauerland Melanie , van Koppen Peter J. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeDistinguishing accurate from inaccurate identifications is a challenging issue in the criminal justice system, especially for biased police line‐ups. That is because biased line‐ups undermine the diagnostic value of accuracy post‐dictors such as confidence and decision time. Here, we aimed to test general and eyewitness‐specific self‐ratings of memory capacity as potential estimators of identification performance that are unaffected by line‐up bias.MethodsParticipants (N = 744) completed a metamemory assessment consisting of the Multifactorial Metamemory Questionnaire and the Eyewitness Metamemory Scale and took part in a standard eyewitness paradigm. Following the presentation of a mock‐crime video, they viewed either biased or unbiased line‐ups.ResultsSelf‐ratings of discontentment with eyewitness memory ability were indicative of identification accuracy for both biased and unbiased line‐ups. Participants who scored low on eyewitness metamemory factors also displayed a stronger confidence–accuracy calibration than those who scored high.ConclusionsThese results suggest a promising role for self‐ratings of memory capacity in the evaluation of eyewitness identifications, while also advancing theory on self‐assessments for different memory systems.
The paradox of the Hauraki Gulf snapper population: Testing the nursery habitat concept
Authors: Parsons Darren M. , Buckthought Dane , Edhouse Scott , Lohrer Andrew Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJuvenile nursery habitats are a critical requirement for the maintenance of some fish populations. Snapper in northern New Zealand is hypothesised to fit this nursery habitat model; however, nursery habitat association and dependency are poorly understood for New Zealand's largest snapper population in the Hauraki Gulf. To better understand habitat usage by post‐settlement snapper and identify potential nursery habitats, we surveyed fish communities across a range of structured benthic habitats using fixed‐position seabed cameras in Kawau Bay, in the northwestern Hauraki Gulf. Results indicated a low overall abundance of post‐settlement snapper, relative to previous surveys at a nearby harbour outside of the Hauraki Gulf. There were also amongst‐habitat differences in Kawau Bay, with post‐settlement snapper and fish diversity higher in association with horse mussels relative to bare sediment. We anticipated high abundance of post‐settlement snapper at restored green‐lipped mussel bed sites, but abundance was again low relative to previous surveys outside of the Gulf. While Hauraki Gulf locations other than Kawau Bay may serve as nursery habitats with abundant populations of post‐settlement snapper, another possibility is that post‐settlement snapper habitat may not be as limiting within the expansive semi‐sheltered Hauraki Gulf (potentially following an Effective Juvenile Habitat model). This hypothesis requires further investigation, as the answer could alter the emphasis of habitat conservation and restoration efforts in the area.