bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The real world and thinking of thyroid cancer in China
Authors: Han Lin , Wu Zhen , Li Wenlei , Li Yingxue , Ma Jinglin , Wu Xinxin , Wen Wenjuan , Li Rui , Yao Yumin , Wang Yongkun 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased year by year, which has a major impact on the physical and mental health of patients. At the same time, it has a heavy psychological and economic burden on society and individuals. Based on the actual data of the thyroid cancer in Liaocheng People’ Hospital in 2017, combine with the national and regional characteristics of China, this paper analyzes and discusses the controversy of initial thyroid operation modus.

Materials and methods:
The clinical and pathologic data of 552 patients of thyroid cancer were collected from the department of thyroid surgery, who were initially discovered and treated surgically. 40 patients underwent endoscopic surgery, the range of resection was lobectomy+central lymph node dissection of the affected lobe. There were 512 cases underwent open operation with total thyroidectomy+central lymph node dissection, 239 of which were treated with neck lateral lymph node dissection at the same time.

Results:
The overall metastasis rate of all patients was 59.42%. Even the lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma was as high as 46.92%. When the mass rose above 2 cm, the proportion of metastasis increased to 77.53%. When the tumor was complicated with bilateral and multiple high risk factor etc the proportion of metastasis were 63.54% and 71.19%, respectively. Meanwhile, the incidence of contralateral accidental malignancy was 7.25% after postoperative paraffin pathology.

Conclusion:
The malignant degree of thyroid cancer depends on the evolution of the tumor genome and there is a high rate of neck lymph node metastasis, especially when associated with high risk factors. It is recommended that at least total thyroidectomy+central lymph node dissection should be performed in initial treatment in China to avoid the risk of secondary operation and the burden of body and mind.
Reflections on the Performance of Emotion, Masculinity, and Position Within a Prison Ethnography
Authors: Stewart Warren 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
In this article, a selection of emotionally charged situations encountered while conducting an ethnographic research project in a prison in the United Kingdom are outlined and analyzed. With reference to three impressionistic field notes, the researcher's responses to interpersonal challenges, and subsequent attempts at impression management, particularly in relation to maintaining a broadly “neutral” and “credible” status are described. The challenges were experienced in the context of the researcher's position within the hierarchical and gendered nature of prison culture; it is argued that the subsequent subjective feelings of ambivalence are characteristic of the relational uncertainties found within prison settings. Reflecting on the impact of emotionally loaded interpersonal encounters helps to support and enrich the quality of the analysis and research. Furthermore, the learning from this process may help researchers undertaking fieldwork in other closed institutions with similar features and with other vulnerable populations.
The Endoscopic Relationship of the Stapedius Muscle to the Facial Nerve: Implications for Retrotympanic Surgery
Authors: Rubini Alessia , Jufas Nicholas , Marchioni Daniele , Saxby Alexander J. , Kong Jonathan H. K. , Patel Nirmal P. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
The stapedius muscle, tendon, and pyramidal eminence are structures within the retrotympanum. In cholesteatoma surgery, the retrotympanum is a common site of residual disease. The removal of the pyramidal eminence during surgery is sometimes necessary to obtain better visualization of the superior retrotympanum during surgery. Understanding the relational anatomy of structures in the region to the facial nerve allows the surgeon to safely access regional disease. This study aims to better understand the anatomical relationship between the mastoid portion of the facial nerve, the pyramidal eminence, and the stapedius muscle. A secondary aim is to demonstrate that removal of the stapedius muscle in the cadaver model, can increase exposure to the retrotympanic space.

Study Design:
Anatomical cadaveric observation study.

Methods:
Endoscopic dissection of cadaveric heads was undertaken. Classification of the superior and inferior retrotympanic area was performed. The anatomy of the stapedius muscle was described including relationships, depth, course, and angle with respect to the facial nerve. The pyramidal eminence and stapedius muscle were removed in all specimens and the exposure of the retrotympanum re-evaluated to determine if exposure of the region was increased.

Results:
In all cases (11 ears), the stapedius muscle was located medial and anterior to the mastoid portion of the facial nerve, with the second genu superior. The mean antero-posterior distance from the apex of the pyramidal eminence, which the stapedius tendon enters, to the stapes itself was 4.10 mm (range, 2.92–5.73 mm; standard deviation [SD] 0.90 mm). In all cases, irrespective of sinus tympani conformation, removal of the pyramidal eminence and stapedial bony crest in proximity to the facial nerve allowed exposure of the whole retrotympanic region, using a 0-degree endoscope.

Conclusions:
The pyramidal eminence and stapedius muscle have a relatively constant relationship to the facial nerve. Removal of the stapedius muscle in the human cadaver model increases the exposure of the sinus tympani and subpyramidal space. Increased visualization in this region, may reduce risk of residual cholesteatoma in patients.
Systematic analysis of therapeutic patterns and healthcare use during 12 months before inflammatory bowel disease-related hospitalization in Switzerland
Authors: Schoepfer Alain , Vavricka Stephan R. , Brüngger Beat , Blozik Eva , Bähler Caroline 
Published: December 2019

Background and aims
Given the lack of data, we aimed to systematically analyze therapeutic patterns and health resource utilization in the year before inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related hospitalization.

Methods
Based on claims data of the Helsana health insurance group, therapy patterns and health resource utilization were assessed, and costs reimbursed by mandatory basic health insurance were calculated during a one-year period before an index hospitalization between 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015.

Results
We analyzed 344 IBD patients (140 ulcerative colitis [40.7%], 204 Crohn’s disease [59.3%]). Drug regimens applied in the year before index hospitalization were as follows: no IBD drugs (43.6% ulcerative colitis, 43.1% Crohn’s disease); 5-ASA (45.7% ulcerative colitis, 19.1% Crohn’s disease); local steroids (17.9% ulcerative colitis, 17.6% Crohn’s disease); systemic steroids (38.6% ulcerative colitis, 29.4% Crohn’s disease); immunomodulators (10.7% ulcerative colitis, 18.1% Crohn’s disease); biologics (10% ulcerative colitis, 24% Crohn’s disease); and calcineurin inhibitors (2.1% ulcerative colitis, 1.5% Crohn’s disease). Forty-five percent of ulcerative colitis patients and 31.4% of Crohn’s disease patients had no diagnostic procedures [computed tomography (CT), MRI, radiograph, sonography, colonoscopy, and calprotectin] in the year before hospitalization. Total annual health care costs before index hospitalization was EUR 4060 (interquartile range (IQR) 2360–7390) for ulcerative colitis and EUR 4900 (IQR 1520–14 880) for Crohn’s disease patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Over 40% of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease patients did not receive any treatment in the year before index hospitalization. Efforts should be launched to timely diagnose and adequately treat IBD outpatients.
Clinical efficacy and safety of anticoagulation therapy for Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome: a retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Peng Chunyan , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Feng , Liu Longgen , Shao Youlin , Xiang Xiaoxing , Zhang Wei , Xiao Jiangqiang , Wang Yi , Zhang Bin , Yin Qin , Song Yuhu , Mo Zhe , Zou Xiaoping , Zhang Ming , Zhuge Yuzheng 
Published: December 2019

Aim
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(PA-HSOS) has been reported to have high mortality. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation therapy for the patients with PA-HSOS.

Methods
We collected clinical data on 249 PA-HSOS patients from January 2012 to December 2017 at four tertiary care hospitals. Among them, 151 patients received anticoagulation therapy, and 98 patients received supportive treatment. The outcomes were analyzed using the Fine and Gray competing risk analysis method and Cox regression model.

Results
The cumulative complete response rate was higher in the anticoagulation group than in the supportive group (60.9 vs 36.7%; P < 0.0001). The cumulative mortality was 12.6% in the anticoagulation group compared with 43.9% in the supportive group (P < 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, for mild, moderate, severe, and very severe groups, the adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] for complete response rates were 7.05 (3.00–16.59), 5.26 (2.31–12.42), 2.59 (0.85–7.87), and 2.05 (0.61–6.92), respectively; and the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for mortalities were 0.02 (0.01–0.09), 0.04 (0.01–0.14), 0.19 (0.01–3.98), and 0.07 (0.02–1.27), respectively (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between both groups in the incidence of bleeding events (P = 0.674).

Conclusions
Anticoagulation therapy improves clinical remission and the survival in selected patients with mild or moderate PA-HSOS. Anticoagulation therapy has a similar safety profile to supportive therapy.
Expanding Application of the Long-Term Quality of Life Instrument to the Population of Women Undergoing Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Kamp Kendra , Flanigan Megan , Thana Kanjana , Terpstra Jodi , Wyatt Gwen , Sikorskii Alla 
Published: December 2019

Background
The Long-Term Quality of Life (LTQL) instrument was designed for female cancer survivors who have completed treatment and includes an existential spirituality subscale that is omitted in many other quality of life scales. Women with advanced breast cancer are now living longer, while also expressing greater spiritual concerns.

Objective
The objective of this analysis was to test the psychometric properties of the LTQL among women undergoing treatment of advanced breast cancer.

Methods
This secondary analysis was based on a sample of 385 women. Validity was evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis and associations with Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α for each subscale of the LTQL.

Results
The mean age was 56 years, 84% of participants were white, and 69% had metastasis. Model fit indices for the confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable, with the root mean square error of approximation of 0.076 (90% confidence interval, 0.071–0.081) and a comparative fit index of 0.91. The LTQL subscale scores were significantly correlated with the subscales of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer of similar conceptual content. Internal consistency reliability for the subscales ranged from 0.80 to 0.86.

Conclusions
The factor structure of the LTQL was consistent with previous findings in long-term female cancer survivors. The instrument has adequate psychometric properties for use among women with advanced breast cancer.

Implications for Practice
The LTQL can be used to assess the physical, psychosocial, and existential spiritual domains of quality of life among women with advanced breast cancer as well as in long-term female cancer survivors.
Central Drive to the Paretic Ankle Plantarflexors Affects the Relationship Between Propulsion and Walking Speed After Stroke
Authors: Awad Louis N. , Hsiao HaoYuan , Binder-Macleod Stuart A. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose:
The ankle plantarflexor muscles are the primary generators of propulsion during walking. Impaired paretic plantarflexion is a key contributor to interlimb propulsion asymmetry after stroke. Poststroke muscle weakness may be the result of a reduced force-generating capacity, reduced central drive, or a combination of these impairments. This study sought to elucidate the relationship between the neuromuscular function of the paretic plantarflexor muscles and propulsion deficits across individuals with different walking speeds.

Methods:
For 40 individuals poststroke, we used instrumented gait analysis and dynamometry coupled with supramaximal electrostimulation to study the interplay between limb kinematics, the neuromuscular function of the paretic plantarflexors (ie, strength capacity and central drive), propulsion, and walking speed.

Results:
The strength capacity of the paretic plantarflexors was not independently related to paretic propulsion. Reduced central drive to the paretic plantarflexors independently contributed to paretic propulsion deficits. An interaction between walking speed and plantarflexor central drive was observed. Individuals with slower speeds and lower paretic plantarflexor central drive presented with the largest propulsion impairments. Some study participants with low paretic plantarflexor central drive presented with similarly fast speeds as those with near-normal central drive by leveraging a compensatory reliance on nonparetic propulsion. The final model accounted for 86% of the variance in paretic propulsion (R
2 = 0.86, F = 33.10, P < 0.001).

Discussion and Conclusions:
Individuals poststroke have latent paretic plantarflexion strength that they are not able to voluntarily access. The magnitude of central drive deficit is a strong indicator of propulsion impairment in both slow and fast walkers.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A298).
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Metastatic Pilomatrix Carcinoma
Authors: Sengoz Tarik , Avci Nilufer 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We describe a rare case of metastatic pilomatrix carcinoma with distant metastases 10 months after diagnosis. A 37-year-old woman was diagnosed with pilomatrix carcinoma by excisional biopsy from the occipital region and referred to us for 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations at the time of diagnosis and 10 months after diagnosis. The first PET/CT did not show any pathological activity, whereas the second PET/CT showed multiple intensive 18F-FDG uptakes in the right lung parenchyma, right hemithorax pleura, liver, and bones.
68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT Findings in Extra-axial Metastasis From Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: Kulkarni Mukta , Vare Ajay , Shetkar Shubhangi , Surkar Prashant , Joshi Prathamesh , Kumar Kritik 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A 67-year-old man with no previous history of malignancy presented with trigeminal neuralgia. MRI of the brain revealed extra-axial lesion along right trigeminal nerve suggestive of neuroma. On histopathology, the lesion was found to be metastasis from adenocarcinoma prostate. Patient underwent 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT for assessing the whole-body status of the disease, which revealed primary prostate lesion, metastatic bone lesions, and extra-axial lesion along the right trigeminal nerve. Extra-axial, intracranial metastasis from prostate carcinoma is an uncommon phenomenon. We describe 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT findings in an exceedingly rare case of extra-axial metastatic lesion from prostate carcinoma.
Prognostic Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Clinical Node-Negative Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Patients
Authors: Chen Yi-Fan , Ma Hsu , Perng Cherng-Kang , Feng Chin-Jung 
Published: December 2019

Introduction
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is notorious for its aggressive behavior and relatively poor outcome compared with other common skin malignancies. Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) accounts for at least 50% of melanoma in the Asian population and has a significantly lower survival rate. However, previous studies of the prognostic factors of melanoma-specific survival were all conducted from Western institutions. Here, we performed a retrospective analysis to investigate this issue.

Methods
Fifty patients diagnosed as having clinical node-negative cutaneous malignant melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy at Taipei Veterans General Hospital between January 2007 and December 2018 were enrolled. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and lymph node characteristics were evaluated by chart review.

Results
Eighty-two percent of the melanoma in the sample population was ALM. Twelve patients (24.0%) presented at least 1 metastatic sentinel node, and the average number of retrieved SLNs was 3. Of the patients with positive SLNs who proceeded to completion lymph node dissection, only 2 (16.7%) had metastatic nonsentinel nodes (NSNs). The average follow-up time for all patients was 45 months. Recurrence and melanoma-specific death occurred in 21 patients (42.0%) and 15 patients (30.0%), respectively. Melanoma-specific survival was significantly lower in patients with ulcerative lesions (P = 0.005) and more metastatic SLNs (P = 0.036). The overall morbidity rate of completion lymph node dissection was 66.7%.

Conclusions
The presence of ulcerations and number of metastatic SLNs were the most important prognostic factors in this ALM-dominant Asian cohort. Among patients with clinically negative nodes but positive SLNs, less than one-fourth of patients harbored metastatic NSNs. Completion lymph node dissection carries a relatively high risk of morbidity; therefore, further research regarding predictors of positive NSNs in the Asian population is necessary.
Evaluation of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Chitosan Electrospun Membrane for Peritoneal Adhesion Reduction
Authors: Huang Nan-Chieh , Teng Kai-Wen , Huang Nien-Chi , Kang Lan-Ya , Fu Keng-Yen , Hsieh Pai-Shan , Dai Lien-Guo , Dai Niann-Tzyy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, a novel antiadhesion membrane made of polycaprolactone, gelatin, and chitosan was fabricated using the electrospinning technique. A series of polycaprolactone/gelatin/chitosan (PGC) electrospun membranes with different amounts of chitosan (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% in weight percentage) was synthesized. The physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the fabricated membranes were examined and compared with the aim to select an effective antiadhesion membrane. Scanning electron microscopy showed that these 4 electrospun membranes had similar fiber diameter and pore area, with no statistical differences between them. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased with increased chitosan content, indicating that chitosan may contribute to increased hydrophilic properties. The in vitro degradation test revealed that the higher chitosan content corresponded to a lower degradation rate in PGC membranes within 7 days. All PGC membranes exhibited similar cell proliferation; however, cell proliferation was lower than tissue culture polystyrene (P< 0.05). To compare antiadhesion ability, the adhesion between the cecum and abdominal wall was created in a rat model. Assessment after implantation of electrospun membranes revealed that PGCs with higher chitosan content (PGC2) had better antiadhesion effects, as evaluated by an adhesion score at day 14 postsurgery. Thus, PGC2 was effective in reducing the formation of tissue adhesion. Therefore, PGC electrospun membrane may provide a potential peritoneal antiadhesion barrier for clinical use.
Investigation of skin microbiota reveals Mycobacterium ulcerans-Aspergillus sp. trans-kingdom communication
Authors: Hammoudi N. , Cassagne C , Million M. , Ranque S , Kabore O. , Drancourt M. , Zingue D. , Bouam A. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundMycobacterium ulcerans secrete a series of non-ribosomal-encoded toxins known as mycolactones that are responsible for causing a disabling ulceration of the skin and subcutaneous tissues named Buruli ulcer. The disease is the sole non-contagion among the three most common mycobacterial diseases in humans. Direct contact with contaminated wetlands is a risk factor for Buruli ulcer, responsible for M. ulcerans skin carriage before transcutaneous inoculation with this opportunistic pathogen.Methodology and principal findingsIn this study, we analysed the bacterial and fungal skin microbiota in individuals exposed to M. ulcerans in Burkina Faso. We showed that M. ulcerans-specific DNA sequences were detected on the unbreached skin of 6/52 (11.5%) asymptomatic farmers living in Sindou versus 0/52 (0%) of those living in the non-endemic region of Tenkodogo. Then, we cultured the skin microbiota of asymptomatic M. ulcerans carriers and negative control individuals, all living in the region of Sindou. A total of 84 different bacterial and fungal species were isolated, 21 from M. ulcerans-negative skin samples, 31 from M. ulcerans-positive samples and 32 from both. More specifically, Actinobacteria, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus were significantly associated with M. ulcerans skin carriage. We further observed that in vitro, mycolactones induced spore germination of A. flavus, attracting the fungal network.ConclusionThese unprecedented observations suggest that interactions with fungi may modulate the outcome of M. ulcerans skin carriage, opening new venues to the understanding of Buruli ulcer pathology, prophylaxis and treatment of this still neglected tropical infection.Author summaryBuruli ulcer is a chronic infectious disease caused by the environmental opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans which secretes an exotoxin responsible for its pathogenicity. The reservoir and sources of M. ulcerans in the environment remain elusive and its mode of transmission is unclear. To acquire M. ulcerans infection, at least two conditions must be met, viable bacteria and a skin lesion as demonstrated by experimental animal models. In this study, we showed that M. ulcerans specific DNA sequences could be detected on the healthy skin of asymptomatic farmers living in one region of Burkina Faso where Buruli ulcer cases had already been reported, but not in Buruli ulcer-free regions, suggesting skin carriage after contacts with environmental sources. We also investigated the skin microbiota of M. ulcerans carriers and found significant associations of some bacteria and fungi with skin carriage of M. ulcerans. These associations may due to the effect of mycolactones on some fungi species. As we showed previously with Mucor circinelloides and here with Aspergillus flavus.
Graph Embedding Method Based Genetical Trajectory Reveals Migration History Among East Asians
Authors: Wei Zhuang , Chang Ching-Wen , Luo Van , Bian Beilei , Ding Xuewei 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAn important issue in human population genetics is the ancestry. By extracting the ancestral information retained in the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of genomic DNA, the history of migration and reproduction of the population can be reconstructed. Since the SNP data of population are multidimensional, their dimensionality reduction can demonstrate their potential internal connections. In this study, the graph and structure learning based Graph Embedding method commonly used in single cell mRNA sequencing was applied to human population genetics research to decrease the data dimension. As a result, the human population trajectory of East Asia based on 1000 Genomes Project was reconstructed to discover the inseparable relationship between the Chinese population and other East Asian populations. These results are visualized from various ancestry calculators such as E11 and K12B. Finally, the unique SNPs along the psudotime of trajectory were found by differential analysis. Bioprocess enrichment analysis was also used to reveal that the genes of these SNPs may be related to neurological diseases. These results will lay the data foundation for precision medicine.