bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NudCL2 regulates cell migration by stabilizing both myosin-9 and LIS1 with Hsp90
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Wang Wei , Sun Xiaoxia , Xie Shanshan , Xu Xiaoyang , Liu Min , Yang Chunxia , Li Min , Zhang Wen , Liu Wei , Wang Liangjing , Zhou Tianhua , Yang Yuehong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCell migration plays pivotal roles in many biological processes; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we find that NudC-like protein 2 (NudCL2), a cochaperone of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), modulates cell migration by stabilizing both myosin-9 and lissencephaly protein 1 (LIS1). Either knockdown or knockout of NudCL2 significantly increases single-cell migration, but has no significant effect on collective cell migration. Immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry and western blotting analyses reveal that NudCL2 binds to myosin-9 in mammalian cells. Depletion of NudCL2 not only decreases myosin-9 protein levels, but also results in actin disorganization. Ectopic expression of myosin-9 efficiently reverses defects in actin disorganization and single-cell migration in cells depleted of NudCL2. Interestingly, knockdown of myosin-9 increases both single and collective cell migration. Depletion of LIS1, a NudCL2 client protein, suppresses both single and collective cell migration, which exhibits the opposite effect compared with myosin-9 depletion. Co-depletion of myosin-9 and LIS1 promotes single-cell migration, resembling the phenotype caused by NudCL2 depletion. Furthermore, inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity also reduces the Hsp90-interacting protein myosin-9 stability and increases single-cell migration. Forced expression of Hsp90 efficiently reverses myosin-9 protein instability and the defects induced by NudCL2 depletion, but not vice versa. Taken together, these data suggest that NudCL2 plays an important role in the precise regulation of cell migration by stabilizing both myosin-9 and LIS1 via Hsp90 pathway.
“Gene accordions” cause genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in clonal populations of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Belikova Darya , Jochim Angelika , Power Jeffrey , Holden Matthew T. G. , Heilbronner Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGene tandem amplifications are thought to drive bacterial evolution, but they are transient in the absence of selection, making their investigation challenging. Here, we analyze genomic sequences of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 isolates from the same geographical area to identify variations in gene copy number, which we confirm by long-read sequencing. We find several hotspots of variation, including the csa1 cluster encoding lipoproteins known to be immunogenic. We also show that the csa1 locus expands and contracts during bacterial growth in vitro and during systemic infection of mice, and recombination creates rapid heterogeneity in initially clonal cultures. Furthermore, csa1 copy number variants differ in their immunostimulatory capacity, revealing a mechanism by which gene copy number variation can modulate the host immune response.
Understanding the genetic determinants of the brain with MOSTest
Authors: van der Meer Dennis , Frei Oleksandr , Kaufmann Tobias , Shadrin Alexey A. , Devor Anna , Smeland Olav B. , Thompson Wesley K. , Fan Chun Chieh , Holland Dominic , Westlye Lars T. , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRegional brain morphology has a complex genetic architecture, consisting of many common polymorphisms with small individual effects. This has proven challenging for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Due to the distributed nature of genetic signal across brain regions, multivariate analysis of regional measures may enhance discovery of genetic variants. Current multivariate approaches to GWAS are ill-suited for complex, large-scale data of this kind. Here, we introduce the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest), with an efficient computational design enabling rapid and reliable inference, and apply it to 171 regional brain morphology measures from 26,502 UK Biobank participants. At the conventional genome-wide significance threshold of α = 5 × 10−8, MOSTest identifies 347 genomic loci associated with regional brain morphology, more than any previous study, improving upon the discovery of established GWAS approaches more than threefold. Our findings implicate more than 5% of all protein-coding genes and provide evidence for gene sets involved in neuron development and differentiation.
Integrating drone-borne thermal imaging with artificial intelligence to locate bird nests on agricultural land
Authors: Santangeli Andrea , Chen Yuxuan , Kluen Edward , Chirumamilla Raviteja , Tiainen Juha , Loehr John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn conservation, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) carrying various sensors and the use of deep learning are increasing, but they are typically used independently of each other. Untapping their large potential requires integrating these tools. We combine drone-borne thermal imaging with artificial intelligence to locate ground-nests of birds on agricultural land. We show, for the first time, that this semi-automated system can identify nests with a high performance. However, local weather, type of arable field and height of the drone can affect performance. The results’ implications are particularly relevant to conservation practitioners working across sectors, such as biodiversity conservation and food production in farmland. Under a rapidly changing world, studies like this can help uncover the potential of technology for conservation and embrace cross-sectoral transformations from the onset; for example, by integrating nest detection within the precision agriculture system that heavily relies on drone-borne sensors.
A nomogram model for screening the risk of diabetes in a large-scale Chinese population: an observational study from 345,718 participants
Authors: Xue Mingyue , Su Yinxia , Feng Zhiwei , Wang Shuxia , Zhang Mingchen , Wang Kai , Yao Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur study is major to establish and validate a simple type||diabetes mellitus (T2DM) screening model for identifying high-risk individuals among Chinese adults. A total of 643,439 subjects who participated in the national health examination had been enrolled in this cross-sectional study. After excluding subjects with missing data or previous medical history, 345,718 adults was included in the final analysis. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator models to optimize feature selection, and used multivariable logistic regression analysis to build a predicting model. The results showed that the major risk factors of T2DM were age, gender, no drinking or drinking/time > 25 g, no exercise, smoking, waist-to-height ratio, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, fatty liver and gallbladder disease. The area under ROC was 0.811 for development group and 0.814 for validation group, and the p values of the two calibration curves were 0.053 and 0.438, the improvement of net reclassification and integrated discrimination are significant in our model. Our results give a clue that the screening models we conducted may be useful for identifying Chinses adults at high risk for diabetes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the utility and feasibility of this model in various settings.
A mitochondria-targeted coenzyme Q peptoid induces superoxide dismutase and alleviates salinity stress in plant cells
Authors: Asfaw Kinfemichael Geressu , Liu Qiong , Xu Xiaolu , Manz Christina , Purper Sabine , Eghbalian Rose , Münch Stephan W. , Wehl Ilona , Bräse Stefan , Eiche Elisabeth , Hause Bettina , Bogeski Ivan , Schepers Ute , Riemann Michael , Nick Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSalinity is a serious challenge to global agriculture and threatens human food security. Plant cells can respond to salt stress either by activation of adaptive responses, or by programmed cell death. The mechanisms deciding the respective response are far from understood, but seem to depend on the degree, to which mitochondria can maintain oxidative homeostasis. Using plant PeptoQ, a Trojan Peptoid, as vehicle, it is possible to transport a coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) derivative into plant mitochondria. We show that salinity stress in tobacco BY-2 cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow-2) can be mitigated by pretreatment with plant PeptoQ with respect to numerous aspects including proliferation, expansion, redox homeostasis, and programmed cell death. We tested the salinity response for transcripts from nine salt-stress related-genes representing different adaptive responses. While most did not show any significant response, the salt response of the transcription factor NtNAC, probably involved in mitochondrial retrograde signaling, was significantly modulated by the plant PeptoQ. Most strikingly, transcripts for the mitochondrial, Mn-dependent Superoxide Dismutase were rapidly and drastically upregulated in presence of the peptoid, and this response was disappearing in presence of salt. The same pattern, albeit at lower amplitude, was seen for the sodium exporter SOS1. The findings are discussed by a model, where plant PeptoQ modulates retrograde signalling to the nucleus leading to a strong expression of mitochondrial SOD, what renders mitochondria more resilient to perturbations of oxidative balance, such that cells escape salt induced cell death and remain viable.
Association of pro-inflammatory soluble cytokine receptors early during hepatocellular carcinoma stereotactic radiotherapy with liver toxicity
Authors: Ng Sylvia S. W. , Zhang Hong , Wang Lisa , Citrin Deborah , Dawson Laura A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlasma levels of soluble factors early during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) were evaluated in relation to radiation liver injury, tumor response, and risk of early death. No significant differences were found in baseline plasma levels of AFP, CXCL1, and HGF amongst HCC patients with different Child Pugh scores. Higher levels of sTNFRII (P < 0.001), and lower levels of sCD40L (P < 0.001) and CXCL1 (P = 0.01) following one to two fractions of SBRT were noted in patients who developed liver toxicity vs. those who did not. High circulating levels of AFP (HR 2.16, P = 0.04), sTNFRII (HR 2.27, P = 0.01), and sIL-6R (HR 1.99, P = 0.03) early during SBRT were associated with increased risk of death 3 months post treatment. Plasma levels of the studied factors early during SBRT were not associated with tumor response. A pro-inflammatory systemic environment is associated with development of liver toxicity and increased risk of early death following SBRT.
Bioinformatics analysis of key genes and pathways in Hashimoto thyroiditis tissues
Authors: Zheng Long , Dou Xiaojie , Song Huijia , Wang Pengwei , Qu Wei , Zheng Xianghong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, and the incidence of HT continues to increase. Long-term, uncontrollable HT results in thyroid dysfunction and even increases carcinogenesis risks. Since the origin and development of HT involve many complex immune processes, there is no effective therapy for HT on a pathogenesis level. Although bioinformatics analysis has been utilized to seek key genes and pathways of thyroid cancer, only a few bioinformatics studies that focus on HT pathogenesis and mechanisms have been reported. In the present study, the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (GSE29315) containing 6 HT and 8 thyroid physiological hyperplasia samples was downloaded, and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. In total, 85 DEGs, containing 76 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated DEGS, were identified. The DEGs were mainly enriched in immune and inflammatory response, and the signaling pathways were involved in cytokine interaction and cytotoxicity. Moreover, ten hub genes were identified, and IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL6/JAK/STAT3, and inflammatory pathways may promote the origin and progression of HT. The present study indicated that exploring DEGs and pathways by bioinformatics analysis has important significance in understanding the molecular mechanisms of HT and providing potential targets for the prevention and treatment of HT.
Complete distal deltoid muscle detachment: a case report
Authors: Madi Naji S. , Issa Rayane , Koaik Youssef , Al-Taki Muhyeddine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The deltoid is a large triangular muscle at the shoulder. It attaches proximally to the clavicle, acromion and scapula, while distally it attaches to the lateral deltoid tuberosity. Ruptures are rare, and the literature only reports cases of proximal detachment. In this article, we report the first case of distal traumatic deltoid muscle detachment and its successful management.
Case A young female sustained a traumatic injury following a Jet Ski accident with loss of consciousness. A complete distal rupture of the deltoid muscle was diagnosed after the basic functions were regained and a thorough musculoskeletal examination could be conducted. A conservative approach helped her to regain an acceptable shoulder function, but there was persistent pain upon activity and cosmetic scarring. The patient underwent surgical reconstruction. Postoperatively, she recovered satisfactorily.
Discussion Distal detachment of the deltoid muscle is rare. The choice for surgical treatment may be undertaken based on several factors including functional status and patient-based assessment.
Pain Perception in Taekwondo: Relationship to Injury, Experience, and
Time Loss
Authors: Zhao Renee T. , Kandil Abdullah , Nguyen Danh V. , Campos Luis , Amin Nirav H. , Chang Eric Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile the majority of sports medicine literature discusses the incidence and
rehabilitation of sports injuries, there is a paucity regarding an
athlete’s perception of pain during these injuries. This study
describes the relationship between the perception of pain from injuries in a
Taekwondo collegiate conference and injury characteristics such as injury
type, location, mechanism, time loss, and the athlete’s competitive
experience. In our study, we obtained reports from 62 Taekwondo athletes who
were injured during the 2008–2009 Pacific West Taekwondo Conference
collegiate season. Pain was recorded using the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain
during athletes’ acute injury and at two weeks, six weeks, and
subsequent monthly follow-ups. Pain scores were highest for
sprain/strains (mean 5.4, standard error 0.47) and injuries to the
lower body (mean 5.6, standard error 0.36). By mechanism, falls (mean 5.8,
standard error 0.67) reported the highest levels of pain. There was a
significant positive association between pain and time loss, where an
increase in pain score of 1 point was associated with about 0.85 days
(standard error 0.37) of time lost from training (p=0.0284).
Notably, head injuries, although potentially more devastating and attracting
widespread concern, were considered less painful.
Thermal varicose treatment under hypnosis
Authors: Josnin Matthieu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHypnosis has undergone great developments throughout the history of mankind. Medical hypnosis is a much more recent medical discipline that has been slow to be recognized as such. Today it has a well-defined place and there is no longer any doubt as to its effectiveness, as evidenced by its establishment in our services and the number of publications about it. The management of varicose veins of the lower limbs by thermal ablation is a very good indication for hypnosis, then called hypnoanalgesia. Practitioners who are well trained and experienced in hypnosis can use it during these procedures and bring undeniable comfort to their patients. A protocol is presented here adapted to the practice of this ablation procedure while meticulously following the principles of Ericksonian hypnosis.
Atemänderungen durch kurze chemosensorische Reize lassen sich nicht absichtlich unterdrücken
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Diemer Ulrike , Lehnich Holger , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Bitter Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Atemänderungen auf wiederholte kurze olfaktorische Reize werden als objektiver Indikator für die Intaktheit des Riechsystems eingesetzt. Bislang war nicht untersucht, ob sich olfaktorisch-induzierte Änderungen inspiratorischer und exspiratorischer Zeitparameter willentlich unterdrücken lassen. Das Gleiche gilt auch für Atemänderungen infolge schwacher CO2-Reize.
Methodik 34 gesunde erwachsene Normosmiker wurden während entspannter regelmäßiger Nasenatmung über ein Fluss-Olfaktometer mit 9 unterschiedlich konzentrierten H2S und 3 schwachen CO2-Reizimpulsen inspirationssynchron stimuliert. Sie wurden instruiert, ihre regelmäßige Nasenatmung während der Reizung willentlich beizubehalten. Eine deutliche Atemänderung lag vor, wenn sich die Dauer der Inspiration (DIN) oder der Exspiration (DEX) des ersten Reizatemzugs außerhalb der doppelten Standardabweichung des Mittelwertes von 5 prästimulatorischen regelmäßigen Atemzügen befand. Dabei konnte es sich um Verkürzungen oder Verlängerungen von DIN oder DEX handeln.
Resultate Trotz hoher Motivation ließen sich die induzierten Atemänderungen nicht absichtlich unterdrücken. Die Ruheatmung reagierte auf beide Stimulanzien sowohl mit Änderungen der inspiratorischen als auch der exspiratorischen Zeitparameter. Es überwogen jedoch die exspiratorischen Reaktionen. CO2 evozierte mehr Atemänderungen als H2S. Die Reaktionshäufigkeit war bei H2S-Reizen nicht konzentrationsabhängig. Starke H2S-Reize induzierten häufiger Verkürzungen als Verlängerungen von DEX.
Schlussfolgerungen Chemosensorisch ausgelöste Atemänderungen lassen sich nicht absichtlich unterdrücken. Sie bieten daher ein zusätzliches Werkzeug, um die Funktionstüchtigkeit der nasalen chemosensorischen Afferenzen zu überprüfen.
Management of Patients with Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension Requiring Surgery
Authors: Carpenter Dustin , Liou Peter , Mathur Abhishek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCirrhosis significantly increases surgical morbidity and mortality as it causes derangement of multiple organ systems and physiological processes. As such, chronic liver disease and the resultant portal hypertension present distinct perioperative challenges. The risk conveyed by liver disease is dependent on its etiology, the severity of liver dysfunction, the degree to which other organ systems are affected, and the type and timing of surgery to be performed. Careful preoperative planning as well as informed intra- and postoperative decision-making strategies are key factors in ensuring acceptable outcomes in the surgical management of cirrhotic patients. This review will discuss the challenges that cirrhosis with portal hypertension presents to the surgeon, intensivist, and anesthesiologist alike, and identifies key perioperative strategies to mitigate these risks.
Classification, Categorization, and Algorithms for Articular Cartilage Defects
Authors: Leary Emily , Stoker Aaron M. , Cook James L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a critical unmet need in the clinical implementation of valid preventative and therapeutic strategies for patients with articular cartilage pathology based on the significant gap in understanding of the relationships between diagnostic data, disease progression, patient-related variables, and symptoms. In this article, the current state of classification and categorization for articular cartilage pathology is discussed with particular focus on machine learning methods and the authors propose a bedside–bench–bedside approach with highly quantitative techniques as a solution to these hurdles. Leveraging computational learning with available data toward articular cartilage pathology patient phenotyping holds promise for clinical research and will likely be an important tool to identify translational solutions into evidence-based clinical applications to benefit patients. Recommendations for successful implementation of these approaches include using standardized definitions of articular cartilage, to include characterization of depth, size, location, and number; using measurements that minimize subjectivity or validated patient-reported outcome measures; considering not just the articular cartilage pathology but the whole joint, and the patient perception and perspective. Application of this approach through a multistep process by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and scientists holds promise for validating disease mechanism-based phenotypes toward clinically relevant understanding of articular cartilage pathology for evidence-based application to orthopaedic practice.
Erythrocyte-driven immunization via biomimicry of their natural antigen-presenting function
Authors: Ukidve Anvay , Zhao Zongmin , Fehnel Alexandra , Krishnan Vinu , Pan Daniel C. , Gao Yongsheng , Mandal Abhirup , Muzykantov Vladimir , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceRed blood cells perform the unique function of capturing certain pathogens in blood and presenting them to the immune cells in the spleen. We developed a strategy based on this innate immune function of red blood cells to deliver vaccine nanoparticles to the spleen. This biomimetic strategy induced a strong vaccination response without the need for foreign adjuvants.
Earwig fan designing: Biomimetic and evolutionary biology applications
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Pérez-de la Fuente Ricardo , Arimoto Kôichi , Seong Young ah , Aonuma Hitoshi , Niiyama Ryuma , You Zhong 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceWe report a geometrical drawing method enabling to reproduce the complex wing-folding pattern of earwigs. Although the earwig wing has unique properties with an outstanding potential for engineering, such as an extreme compactness when fully creased or self-folding behavior, its design process had not been resolved, which limited practical applications. We provide the means of reconfiguring the modeled earwig wing to satisfy flexible designing needs, including a dedicated software. The new method can also reconstruct the wing folding of Paleozoic earwig relatives, which provides the rare chance to infer evolutionary patterns based on spatial (morphofunctional) constraints. This research represents a step toward using the earwig wing as a model for artificial deployable structures of various sizes and materials.
A 1.4-million-year-old bone handaxe from Konso, Ethiopia, shows advanced tool technology in the early Acheulean
Authors: Sano Katsuhiro , Beyene Yonas , Katoh Shigehiro , Koyabu Daisuke , Endo Hideki , Sasaki Tomohiko , Asfaw Berhane , Suwa Gen 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceWe report a rare example of a 1.4-million-y-old large bone fragment shaped into handaxe-like form. This bone tool derives from the Konso Formation in southern Ethiopia, where abundant early Acheulean stone artifacts show considerable technological progression between ∼1.75 and <1.0 Mya. Technological analysis of the bone tool indicates intensive anthropogenic shaping. Edge damage, polish, and striae patterns are consistent with use in longitudinal motions, such as in butchering. The discovery of this bone handaxe shows that advanced flaking technology, practiced at Konso on a variety of lithic materials, was also applied to bone, thus expanding the known technological repertoire of African Early PleistoceneHomo.