bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well perioperative glycemic control improves outcomes in neonates with surgical necrotizing enterocolitis in a tertiary referral center: a retrospective study
Authors: Guo Nan , Ji Haiyin , Tong Dongyi , Yao Jiaxin , Zhao Ping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and devastating diseases that occurs in neonates, and often requires surgical intervention. Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia can easily occur in newborns, due to their metabolic immaturity. It remains unknown how factors associated with anesthesia especially perioperative glucose level affect the surgical outcomes of neonates with NEC. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the risk factors associated with prolonged hospitalization among neonates who received surgical treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis.Methods: From January 2016 to October 2019, a total of 204 infants with a gestational age of 28 weeks to 40 weeks underwent open surgery for NEC at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Among those infants, 111 patients were assigned to the well glycemic control group and 93 patients were assigned to the poor glycemic control group. The primary study outcome was the length of postoperative hospital stay. Risk factors that may affect surgical outcomes were collected and analyzed via multivariate logistic regression to determine their association with postoperative hospital stay.Results: A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high preoperative weight (OR=0.995, 95%CI=0.992-0.997, p<0.001) and well glycemic control (OR=0.129, 95%CI=0.031-0.535, p=0.005) were independent protective factors for prolonged hospital stay, whereas long duration of endotracheal intubation in NICU(OR=1.239, 95%CI=1.016-1.512, p=0.035) and long days of antibiotics use (OR=1.421, 95%CI=1.233-1.637, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for prolonged hospital stay. Patients with perioperative blood glucose control within the prespecified range(47-150mg/dL) had shorter postoperative hospital stays than those with perioperative blood glucose measurements outside those limits (22 [18,26] vs 29 [24.5,36.5] days, p <0.001).Conclusions: Perioperative glucose levels outside a pre-specified range were an independent risk factor for a prolonged hospital stay in a population of neonates who underwent surgical repair for NEC.
Factors associated with awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among 3,579 hypertensive adults in China: data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Wei junxiang , Mi Yang , Li Yan , Xin Bo , Wang Youfa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of hypertension is high and rising in China, but most people with hypertension do not have their blood pressure under control. This study investigated hypertension awareness, treatment, and control and their associated factors among Chinese adults. Methods: Data collected from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 12,991 Chinese adults were used. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, self-reported prior diagnosed hypertension, or taking antihypertensive medications. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were defined as a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension, current use of antihypertensive medication, and blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control. Results: Overall, 3,579 (27.6%) of the CHNS adult participants had hypertension, of whom 55.7% were aware of their diagnosis, 46.5% were treated with antihypertensive medications, but only 20.3% had their blood pressure under control. Higher hypertension treatment was associated with older age (OR=2.57; 95%CI, 1.65-4.02), urban residency (1.50; 1.14-1.97), living in the Eastern region (1.52; 1.14-2.01), and being overweight/obese (1.99; 1.39-2.84). Hypertension awareness was associated with similar factors as hypertension treatment but was also associated with being female (1.37, 1.12-1.66). Poor hypertension control was associated with being overweight/obese (0.56; 0.42-0.76) and minority ethnicity (0.52; 0.31-0.86). Conclusion: Hypertension is a major public health challenge in China. The prevalence of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control are still low despite existing public health policies and programs to reduce the burden of hypertension. More intensive hypertension screening and treatment programs are warranted in China.
Analysis of risk factors of severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yin Qin , Fu Zhen , Xie Jiao , Yang Jie , Li Fengqin , Zhu Wangcai , Yu Yihan , Zhang Jixian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore relevant risk factors for severity of patients diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Methods: The clinical data of 292 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine from January 1, 2020 to February 29, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into mild or severe group according to the Guidance for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (7th version) released by the Chinese National Health Committee. The clinical data were collected at the time of admission, including demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, imaging characteristics and outcomes of treatments. We applied univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with severity of the disease.Results: The median age of patients in the severe group ((68.19±12.51) years) was significantly older than mild group ((54.14 ± 13.62) years). The male sex was more predominant in severe group (63.45%) than that of mild group (38.1%). There were more smokers (8.97% vs 1.36%) and drinkers (4.14% vs 0%) in severe group than that of mild group. Patients in the severe group had more underlying diseases. Hypertension（48.97% vs 23.81%），coronary heart disease (22.07% vs 1.36%, P<0.0001) , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6.21% vs 1.36%), malignant tumor (7.59% vs 2.04%) and chronic kidney disease (3.45% vs 0%) were more frequent in severe group than in mild group. The dyspnea, chest tightness and dry cough were more common in severe group (43.45%, 66.9% and 66.21%) than in mild group (23.13%, 44.22% and 53.74%). Abnormality of chest radiography were more frequent in the severe group, there were more ground glass opacities, consolidation of lung and white lung in the severe cases (88.97%, 44.07% and 46.21%) than in mild cases (78.91%, 19.05% and 2.04%). Patients in the severe group were more likely to receive methylprednisolone, oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. Lasso algorithm showed that age, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK) and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDB) were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19, but the count of CD4+T lymphocyte was the protective factor. Conclusion: This retrospective study of 292 COVID-19 patients revealed that age, CRP, CK, α-HBDB and the count of CD4+T lymphocyte were independent risk factors for severity of COVID-19. Identifying patients with risk factors at an early stage of the disease are helpful for outcome prediction and clinical management.
Factors Associated with Duration of Breastfeeding in Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Ayesha Ummay , Mamun ASMA , Sayem Md. Abu , Hossain Golam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding for optimum duration is one of the most effective ways to reduce infant morbidity and mortality and confirm expected growth and development of children. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of socio-demo­graphic and anthropometric determinants on duration of breast­feeding among Bangladeshi mothers.Methods: The data was extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS)-2014. A total of 3541 married non–pregnant Bangladeshi mothers in reproductive age who had at least one child aged 6-36 months were included in this study. Independent sample t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to find the significance difference in duration of breastfeeding between two and more than two groups respectively. Multiple linear regression model was utilized to determine the effect of some quantitative variables on duration of breastfeeding. Results: This study raveled that the mean and median duration of breastfeeding among Bangladeshi mothers was 18.91 (95% CI: 18.65-19.17) and 19.00 months respectively. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA showed that duration of breastfeeding among Bangladeshi mothers was significantly influenced by (i) ANC service, (ii) religion, (iii) mode of delivery, (iv) parents’ education, (v) geographical location and (vi) household wealth quintile. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that mothers’ age, mothers’ body mass index, total number of children and mothers’ age at first birth were important predictors of duration of breastfeeding.Conclusions: Healthcare providers and decision makers can consider these findings to make plan for counseling of mothers and family members to promote optimum duration of breastfeeding practice in first two years of baby’s life.
Immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal diversity and community composition
Authors: Xu Zhenfeng , Zhang Li , Ren Yuzhi , Yang Kaijun , Li Zhijie , Tan Bo , Liu Yang , Li Han , You Chengming , Liu Sining , Wang Lixia , Yin Rui , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Soil fungi play crucial roles in ecosystem functions. However, how snow cover change associated with winter warming affects soil fungal communities remains unclear in the Tibetan forest.Methods: We conducted a snow manipulation experiment to explore immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal community diversity and composition in a spruce forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Soil fungal communities were performed by the high throughput sequencing of gene-fragments.Results: Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two dominant fungal phyla and Archaeorhizomyces, Aspergillus and Amanita were the three most common genera across seasons and snow manipulations. Snow exclusion did not affect the diversity and structure of soil fungal community in both snow-covered and snow-free seasons. However, the relative abundance of some fungal communities was different among seasons. Soil fungal groups were correlated with environmental factors (i.e., temperature and moisture) and soil biochemical variables (i.e., ammonium and enzyme).Conclusions: These results suggest that the season-driven variations had stronger impacts on soil fungal community than short-term snow cover change. Such findings may have important implications for soil microbial processes in Tibetan forests experiencing significant decreases in snowfall.
Fast Inverse Design of Microstructures via Generative Invariance Networks
Authors: Lee Xian Yeow , Waite Joshua , Yang Chih-Hsuan , Pokuri Balaji , Joshi Ameya , Balu Aditya , Hegde Chinmay , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Sarkar Soumik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The problem of efficient design of material microstructures exhibiting desired properties spans a variety of engineering and science applications. An ability to rapidly generate microstructures that exhibit user-specified property distributions transforms the iterative process of traditional microstructure-sensitive design. We reformulate the microstructure design process as a constrained Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). This approach explicitly encodes invariance constraints within a GAN to generate two-phase morphologies for photovoltaic applications obeying design specifications: specifically, various short circuit current density and fill-factor combinations. Such invariance constraints can be represented by deep learning-based surrogates of full physics models mapping microstructure to photovoltaic properties. To circumvent data generation bottlenecks, we utilize a multi-fidelity surrogate that reduces the requirements of expensive labels by 5X. Our approach enables fast generation of microstructures (in~190ms) with user-defined properties. Such physics-aware data-driven methods for inverse design problems are expected to democratize and accelerate the field of microstructure-sensitive design.
Integrated Approach to Climate Adaptation and Mitigation: Processed Potato and Tomato
Authors: Gustafson David , Asseng Senthold , Kruse John , Thoma Greg , Guan Kaiyu , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Matlock Marty , Mclean Morven , Parajuli Ranjan , Rajagopalan Kirti , Stöckle Claudio , Sulser Timothy , Tarar Layla , Wiebe Keith , Fraisse Clyde , Gimenez Carmen , Intarapapong Walaiporn , Karimi Tina , Kruger Chad , Li Yan , Marshall Elizabeth , Nelson Roger , Pronk Annette , Raymundo Rubi , Riddle Anne , Rosenbohm Marc , Sonke Daniel , Evert Frits van , Wu Genghong , Xiao Liujuin , Zhao Chuang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Food systems are increasingly challenged to meet growing demand for specialty crops due to the effects of climate change and increased competition for resources. We apply a novel integrated methodology that includes climate, crop, economic, and life cycle assessment (LCA) models to US potato and tomato supply chains. We assess the effectiveness of changing management strategies to address climate change and the opportunity to relocate away from regions with increased water scarcity. We find that supply chains for two popular processed products in the United States, French fries and pasta sauce, will be remarkably resilient, through planting adaptation strategies that avoid higher temperatures. Land and water footprints will decline over time due to higher yields, and GHG emissions can be mitigated by waste reduction and process modification. Our integrated methodology can be applied to other crops and geographies, and the results could inform decision-making at multiple steps along supply chains.
Genome-wide analysis of ATP-binding cassette transporters sheds light on the genes related to bioactive metabolite transportation in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Yan Li , Zhang Jianhong , Chen Hongyu , Hongmei Luo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been found in plants and play important roles in metabolic transport in cells, which affect the subcellular compartmentalisation and tissue distribution of these compounds in particular. The dry roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a widely used medicinal plant, known as Danshen in traditional Chinese medicine, contain biologically active secondary metabolites of tanshinone and salvianolic acid. Given an assembled and annotated genome and a set of transcriptome data of S. miltiorrhiza, we analysed and identified the candidate genes that likely involved in the bioactive metabolite transportation of this medicinal plant, starting with the members of the ABC transporter family.Results: A total of 114 genes encoding ABC transporters were identified in the genome of S. miltiorrhiza. All the ABC genes were divided into eight subfamilies, including 3ABCA, 31ABCB, 14ABCC, 2ABCD, 1ABCE, 7ABCF, 46ABCG and 10 ABCI. Gene expressional profiling analysis revealed the tissue-specific expression profiles of these ABC transporters, particularly the highly expressed transporters in the roots of S. miltiorrhiza, which might be involved in transporting bioactive compounds of this medicinal plant. Notably, 18 genes that were highly expressed in the roots of S. miltiorrhiza were selected and verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to determine the co-expression profiling of these candidate genes with the key enzyme genes involved in the tanshinone and salvianolic acid biosynthetic pathways. Finally, three ABC genes (SMil_00020022, SMil_00010949, SMil_00027268) and one gene (SMil_00016361) might be involved in tanshinone and salvianolic acid transport in cells, respectively. In addition, the biological functions of S. miltiorrhiza ABC transporters were predicted on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and expressional profile exploration, including the transportation of lipids, hormones, ions and primary metabolites.Conclusions: Our systematic analyses on the ABC transporters in S. miltiorrhiza provided information on ABC proteins for the first time and revealed the candidate transporters involved in the bioactive compound transportation of this medicinal plant. The genome-wide identification, transcriptome profile analysis and their phylogenetic relationships would provide a new perspective on the function of ABC transporters in S. miltiorrhiza.
STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONALITY OF A NOVEL SOLUTION BINDER OBTAINED FROM OCIMUM BASILICUM SEEDS: A MECHANISTIC APPROACH
Authors: HARDIKAR SHARWAREE R. , JAMDADE NILESH S. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the functionality of the hydrogel isolated from the seeds of Ocimum basilicum (Gel) as a novel solution binder.
Methods: Paracetamol is known to possess poor manufacturability. Therefore it was selected as a model drug to study the efficiency of Gel as a solution binder. Paracetamol tablets were prepared at gradually increasing compression pressure from the granules prepared by using Gel of various viscosities as a solution binder. Compactibility parameter was calculated to assess the utility of Gel as a novel tablet binder. Optimization of the formulation was done by adopting factorial design as an appropriate DOE. Tablets of factorial batches were evaluated for disintegration time and crushing strength. The effect of viscosity of binder solution used to prepare granulation and compression pressure applied on granulation on the performance of the tablets was confirmed by analyzing the data using ANOVA.
Results: The addition of binder solution to prepare granulation with the viscosity ≥ 19.33 centipoises was found to be suitable to attain desired degree of agglomeration. The crushing strength of the tablets was found to be increased with an increase in compression pressure and an increase in viscosity of binder solution.
Conclusion: The compatibility parameter was observed to be increased as the viscosity of the binder solution added in the formulation was gradually increased. The Gel as a binder material was found to deform plastically at compression pressures 34.48 to 75.85 MPa. This confirmed its functionality as a solution binder in Paracetamol tablet preparation.
APPLICATION OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FOR ENDPOINT DETERMINATION OF BLENDING AND INFLUENCE OF LOADING ORDER
Authors: SODATA PATTEERA , PEERAPATTANA JOMJAI 
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study aimed to apply near-infrared spectroscopy along with a thief as a tool to determine the endpoint of the blending process.
Methods: The calibration model was constructed by partial least square regression. The best model was applied to determine the endpoint of the blending process, also the effect of loading order on the endpoint for the blending of the formulation containing a low concentration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Results: The best partial least square regression model yielded the lowest root mean square error of calibration of 1.4004, the lowest root mean square error of prediction of 1.4108 and the highest correlation coefficient of 0.9921. Validation study revealed the reference values were not statistically different from those of the predicted values. The model could predict the endpoint of the blending process with acceptable precision and accuracy. Standard deviation of the content of active pharmaceutical ingredients was ≤ 3% of the target after eighteen minutes of the blending process, which indicated the uniformity of powder blends. Additionally, the model revealed the order of powder loading slightly affected the blending time. The protocol that loaded the active pharmaceutical ingredient first or last needed a longer time to achieve the uniformity of blend.
Conclusion: NIR spectroscopy is the rapid and effective tools that could be applied to study the blending process in the pharmaceutical manufacturing.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF LECTINIZED CISPLATIN BEARING LIPOSOMES SYSTEM
Authors: TIWARI RAHUL , VISWANATHAN KALIYAPERUMAL , VYAS SURESH PRASAD , SONI VANDANA 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent and mechanism anti-cancer drug-loaded liposomes using wheat germ agglutinin as a guiding molecule.
Methods: For the drug-loaded liposome synthesis, the thin film hydration method was used and the drug cisplatin was loaded during the synthesis and followed by the surface modification using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin. The developed system was confirmed based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size (PS) analyzer, polydispersity index and Zeta Potential analyzer.
Results: The results showed the surface modified by liposomes had the particle size 200±5 nm. The wheat germ agglutinin coated on the surface to liposome led to a reduction in zeta potential and drug entrapment efficiency while particle size increased. Plain liposomes containing cisplatin had less effect than WGA modified liposome on MCF-7 cell lines.
Conclusion: The MTT studies indicated that the drug molecules were initially get delivered to the inside the cell. This formulation offered new simple approach and effectively kill the cells via targeting the nucleus.
LORNOXICAM-LOADED NANOSPONGES FOR CONTROLLED ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT: IN VITRO/IN VIVO ASSESSMENT
Authors: SHAWKY SEHAM M. , KHALIFA MAHA K. A. , EASSA HEBA A. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To design a controlled topical delivery system of lornoxicam (LX) in order to enhance skin permeation and treatment efficacy. Nanosponges were selected as a novel carrier for this purpose.
Methods: Nanosponges were formulated via the emulsion solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose (polymer) and polyvinyl alcohol (surfactant). Nanosponge dispersions were characterized for colloidal properties, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release study. The nanosponge formulation (LS1) was then incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose sodium hydrogels and evaluated for pH, viscosity and in vitro drug release. Skin irritation was evaluated, and anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via rat hind paw edema method.
Results: Nanosponges were in the nano-sized range and attained a uniform round shape with a spongy structure. LS1exhibited the highest LX release after 6 h, so it was incorporated as hydrogel. Formulated hydrogels showed acceptable physicochemical parameters (pH, drug content and rheological properties). Skin irritation testing proved LX-loaded nanosponge hydrogel formulation (G1) to be non-irritant. In vivo study revealed an enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of G1 for 6 h (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The developed nanosponge hydrogel is an efficient nanocarrier for improved and controlled topical delivery of LX.