bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing of metal-bonded grinding tools
Authors: Denkena Berend , Krödel Alexander , Harmes Jan , Kempf Fabian , Griemsmann Tjorben , Hoff Christian , Hermsdorf Jörg , Kaierle Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGrinding tools with superabrasive grains can be manufactured from different bond materials. In several industrial applications, metallic bond systems are used. In general, these show good grain retention and offer a high thermal conductivity, when compared to the other widely used bond types such as vitrified and resin bonds. One drawback of the metallic bond is the lack of pores in the grinding layer. This is caused by the manufacturing processes that are typically used, like brazing or hot pressing. These generally produce very dense layers. The high density and low porosity lead to comparatively little space for the transport of lubricant, coolant, and chips. One approach to eliminate this disadvantage is to introduce cavities into the grinding layer, using the laser powder bed fusion technique (LPBF). In order to evaluate the general suitability of LPBF in combination with the bond material and diamond grains, grinding layer samples with a nickel-titanium bond were produced. The abrasive behavior of these samples was tested in scratch tests on cemented carbide to verify the applicability as grinding tools. While the diamond grains in the powder mixture are not part of the fusion process, they also did not interfere with the manufacturing process, and the scratch tests showed promising abrasive capabilities. The grinding layer itself withstood the process forces, and no grain breakout could be observed. This indicates that the grain retention forces are high enough for the grinding process and that NiTi has a high potential as a bonding material for the manufacturing of grinding tools via LPBF.
Tri-partitions and Bases of an Ordered Complex
Authors: Edelsbrunner Herbert , Ölsböck Katharina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGeneralizing the decomposition of a connected planar graph into a tree and a dual tree, we prove a combinatorial analog of the classic Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition of a smooth vector field. Specifically, we show that for every polyhedral complex, K, and every dimension, p, there is a partition of the set of p-cells into a maximal p-tree, a maximal p-cotree, and a collection of p-cells whose cardinality is the p-th reduced Betti number of K. Given an ordering of the p-cells, this tri-partition is unique, and it can be computed by a matrix reduction algorithm that also constructs canonical bases of cycle and boundary groups.
Total factor productivity, its components and drivers
Authors: Haider Franz , Kunst Robert , Wirl Franz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider how the growth of total factor productivity (TFP) was affected by R&D, trade, information and communication technology, and catching-up for the period from 1990 to 2006. Our contributions are: Firstly, to decompose TFP growth into two distinct measures for catching-up and for innovation using the Malmquist index; secondly, to update related investigations. Summarizing our findings, catching-up effects are statistically important, whereas frontier shifts tend to be smaller with increasing distance to the frontier, and large differences exist and persist between sectors and countries.
The composition induced crossover in nonlinear dielectric response in (1 − x) Pb(Zr0.70Ti0.30)O3–x BiMn2O5 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.055, 0.11, 0.15, 0.22, and 1) ceramics
Authors: Miga S. , Molak A. , Balin K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCeramics based on lead zirconate-titanate Pb(Zr0.70Ti0.30)O3 (PZT), bismuth manganite (BM) and the composite (1 − x) PZT–x BM were obtained. A systematic study of linear and nonlinear dielectric susceptibilities temperature and frequency dependences was conducted. A composition-induced crossover in nonlinear dielectric susceptibility was detected. The so-called scaled nonlinear susceptibility, a3, was obtained from experimental values of the real part of the linear and third-order nonlinear dielectric susceptibilities. The value for a3 was negative for low BM content in the whole temperature range specific to discontinuous ferroelectric phase transitions and relaxor behavior. In contradiction, a3 was positive for BM and for the composite with sufficiently high BM content. The positive a3 was attributed to a subsystem of dipoles created by trapped charges. Hopping charge transfer, which is a dominant mechanism for conduction in manganites, is responsible for the positive a3 and for the colossal magnitude of the imaginary part of the linear dielectric susceptibility. The concentration of the ions was determined using scanning electron microscopy. The chemical disorder and the precipitation of ions determined using time of flight–secondary ion mass spectrometry correspond to a crossover in the electrical features.
Experimental Investigation of Phase Relations in the ZrO2-La2O3-Yb2O3 System
Authors: Ilatovskaia M. , Sun S. , Saenko I. , Savinykh G. , Fabrichnaya O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe phase equilibria in the La2O3-Yb2O3 system were investigated using differential thermal analysis, and the phase transformations temperatures were verified. Microstructure investigation using scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of eutectoid reactions in the system. The heat capacity of LaYbO3 with a perovskite structure was measured in the temperature range from 250 to 1250 K using differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results of the present work as well as reliable literature data were used to derive a thermodynamic description of the La2O3-Yb2O3 system. Isothermal sections of the ZrO2-La2O3-Yb2O3 system were constructed based on x-ray and microstructural investigations. The tie-lines change from Pyrochlore + $${\text{Yb}}_{2} {\text{O}}_{3} \_{\text{C}}$$

Yb
2

O
3

_
C

to $${\text{LaYbO}}_{3} \_{\text{Perovskite}}$$

LaYbO
3

_
Perovskite

+ Fluorite was explained by a solid-state reaction occurring in the range between 1673 and 1873 K. The heat effect observed at 1858 K using DTA confirms the phase transformation, and its temperature was established more precisely at 1808 ± 15 K using stepwise heat treatment.
Improvement of Cardiac Function After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Morbidly Obese Patients Without Cardiac History Measured by Cardiac MRI
Authors: de Witte Dennis , Wijngaarden Leontine H. , van Houten Vera A. A. , van den Dorpel Marinus A. , Bruning Tobias A. , van der Harst Erwin , Klaassen René A. , Niezen Roelf A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Metabolic syndrome in patients with morbid obesity causes a higher cardiovascular morbidity, eventually leading to left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard modality for treatment of morbid obesity and might even lead to improved cardiac function. Our objective is to investigate whether cardiac function in patients with morbid obesity improves after RYGB.

Materials and Methods
In this single center pilot study, 15 patients with an uneventful cardiac history who underwent RYGB were included from May 2015 to March 2016. Cardiac function was measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), performed preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperative. LVEF and myocardial mass and cardiac output were measured.

Results
A total of 13 patients without decreased LVEF preoperative completed follow-up (mean age 37, 48.0 ± 8.8). There was a significant decrease of cardiac output 12 months postoperative (8.3 ± 1.8 preoperative vs. 6.8 ± 1.8 after 12 months, P = 0.001). Average myocardial mass declined by 15.2% (P < 0.001). After correction for body surface area (BSA), this appeared to be non-significant (P = 0.36). There was a significant improvement of LVEF/BSA at 6 and 12 months postoperative (26.2 ± 4.1 preoperative vs. 28.4 ± 3.4 and 29.2 ± 3.6 respectively, both P = 0.002). Additionally, there was a significant improvement of stroke volume/BSA 12 months after surgery (45.8 ± 8.0 vs. 51.9 ± 10.7, P = 0.033).

Conclusion
RYGB in patients with morbid obesity with uneventful history of cardiac disease leads to improvement of cardiac function.
Autoimmunity in Acute Myocarditis: How Immunopathogenesis Steers New Directions for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Bruestle Karina , Hackner Klaus , Kreye Gudrun , Heidecker Bettina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Over the last decade, myocarditis has been increasingly recognized as common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults and heart failure overall. The purpose of this review is to discuss hypothesis of development of non-infectious myocarditis, to provide a description of the immunopathogenesis and the most common mechanisms of autoimmunity in myocarditis, and to provide an update on therapeutic options.

Recent Findings
A new entity of myocarditis is immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) induced myocarditis. ICIs are used in advanced cancer to “disinhibit” the immune system and make it more aggressive in fighting cancer. This novel drug class has doubled life expectancy in metastatic melanoma and significantly increased progression free survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, but comes with a risk of autoimmune diseases such as myocarditis resulting from an overly aggressive immune system.

Summary
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart with major public health impact. Thorough understanding of its immunopathogenesis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
ESMO 2019—personal non-small lung cancer highlights
Authors: Horvath Lena , Pircher Andreas 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis article intends to summarize personal non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) highlights of the ESMO 2019 meeting. Again, immunotherapy in the first-line setting of wildtype NSCLC was a major aspect and the search of the optimal biomarker for therapy stratification continues. Moreover, important data on the use of osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor in the first-line setting of EGFR-mutated NSCLC were presented, emerging as the preferred therapeutic strategy in these patients. The ideal treatment sequence, however, remains discussed controversially. The treatment of rare genetic alterations was another important topic, covering updated data on effective NTRK and ROS1 inhibition. In conclusion, ESMO 2019 fueled the lung cancer community with inspiring new data, contributing to a more individualized, hopefully improved lung cancer treatment and continuing to decrease lung cancer mortality.
Overexpression of Purinergic P2X4 Receptors in Hippocampus Rescues Memory Impairment in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Ping-An , Sun Qian , Li Yong-Chang , Weng Rui-Xia , Wu Rui , Zhang Hong-Hong , Xu Guang-Yin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurinergic receptors have been reported to be involved in brain disorders. In this study, we explored their roles and mechanisms underlying the memory impairment in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM rats exhibited a worse performance in the T-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) than controls. Microglia positive for P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2X4R) in the hippocampus were reduced and activated microglia were increased in T2DM rats. Long Amplicon PCR (LA-PCR) showed that DNA amplification of the p2x4r gene in the hippocampus was lower in T2DM rats. Minocycline significantly reduced the number of activated microglia and the mean distance traveled by T2DM rats in the MWM. Most importantly, P2X4R overexpression suppressed the activated microglia and rescued the memory impairment of T2DM rats. Overall, T2DM led to excessive activation of microglia in the hippocampus, partly through the DNA damage-mediated downregulation of P2X4Rs, thus contributing to memory impairment.
Nanomechanical characterization and modeling of anodized porous aluminum oxide thin films with photografted anti-biofouling polymer brushes on their pore walls
Authors: Bakhti Hamzah , Laghrissi Ayoub , Roth Artjom , Azrar Lahcen , Es-Souni Mohammed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanocomposites are known for their unique properties with many potential applications. In the present work, porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) thin films were processed on glass substrates and subsequently photo-grafted with a zwitterionic anti-biofouling polymer. This allows to fabricate scratch-resistant, transparent anti-biofouling films. The microstructure and how it is affected by nanomechanical testing are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It is shown that the polymer forms a thin layer on the pore walls and in deionized water, the pore diameter changes due to swelling of the polymer. The nanomechanical and scratch resistance properties are studied using a nanoindenter testing system. The experimental results are validated via numerical calculations. The values of the elastic modulus and hardness are shown to be in good agreement with the numerical ones, and under dry conditions, higher values were obtained in comparison to wet films. There is also a large agreement between modeling and microscopic deformation behavior of the films. Finally, the critical loads in dry and wet conditions for the non-coated AAO samples are approximately the same, while for the coated samples, the critical load is reached rapidly in wet condition in comparison to the dry one.
Estimation and forecasting of PM10 air pollution in Ankara via time series and harmonic regressions
Authors: Akdi Y. , Okkaoğlu Y. , Gölveren E. , Yücel M. E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, monthly particulate matter (PM10) values in Ankara (39.9334° N, 32.8597° E) from January 1993 to December 2017 are examined. The PM10 are those thoracic particles whose aerodynamic diameter is less than 10 μm (micrometers), and it is of critical health importance due to the penetrability to the lower airways. As an alternative to classical unit root tests, a unit root test primarily based on periodograms is introduced owing to its advantages over alternatives. After examining the stationarity of the series through periodogram-based test as well as its standard rivals, periodic components in the series are examined and it is observed that the series has both periodic and seasonal components. These components are modeled, using the inherent dynamics of a time series alone, within a trigonometric harmonic regression setup, eventually yielding the forecast values for 2018 that turns out to be superior to those obtained by means of ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average). This is a striking result since the modeling framework requires no assumptions, no parameter estimations except for the variance of the white noise series, no simulations of the power of tests, no adjustments of test statistics with respect to sample size and no preliminary work as to independent variable which is simply time, i.e., the period of forecast.
ROS-Responsive Berberine Polymeric Micelles Effectively Suppressed the Inflammation of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Targeting Mitochondria
Authors: Fan Xing-xing , Xu Meng-ze , Leung Elaine Lai-Han , Jun Cai , Yuan Zhen , Liu Liang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, which attacks human joint system and causes lifelong inflammatory condition. To date, no cure is available for RA and even the ratio of achieving remission is very low. Hence, to enhance the efficacy of RA treatment, it is essential to develop novel approaches specifically targeting pathological tissues. In this study, we discovered that RA synovial fibroblasts exhibited higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide level, which were adopted to develop ROS-responsive nano-medicines in inflammatory microenvironment for enhanced RA treatment. A selenocystamine-based polymer was synthesized as a ROS-responsive carrier nanoplatform, and berberine serves as a tool drug. By assembling, ROS-responsive berberine polymeric micelles were fabricated, which remarkably increased the uptake of berberine in RA fibroblast and improved in vitro and in vivo efficacy ten times higher. Mechanistically, the anti-RA effect of micelles was blocked by the co-treatment of AMPK inhibitor or palmitic acid, indicating that the mechanism of micelles was carried out through targeting mitochondrial, suppressing lipogenesis and finally inhibiting cellular proliferation. Taken together, our ROS-responsive nano-medicines represent an effective way of preferentially releasing prodrug at the inflammatory microenvironment and improving RA therapeutic efficacy.
Exploring relationships between health professionals through the implementation of a reablement program for people with dementia: A mixed methods study
Authors: Culph Jennifer , Clemson Lindy , Scanlan Justin , Craven Luke , Jeon Yun-Hee , Laver Kate 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims:Implementation of novel interventions occurs within broad organisational contexts, which contain many relationships and moving parts. Efforts need to be made to understand these relationships as they are an important predictor of successful implementation. This study examines the relationships between health professionals involved in the implementation of an evidence-based community program for people with dementia and their carers in Australia, The Care of People with dementia in their Environments program.Methods:This study utilised mixed methods including in-depth interviews and organisational diagrams. Qualitative data from 28 interviews were collected from occupational therapists, nurses and their managers. Recruitment ensured a variety of different organisational contexts were represented. Thematic analysis was used to capture key emergent themes.Findings:The strongest relationships were usually between the occupational therapist and their manager. Strong trusting relationships with managers were instrumental in advocating for the need for reablement programs and the occupational therapy professional role in dementia care. Large teams of occupational therapists were seen to be beneficial in supporting each other in case complexities. Relationships between occupational therapists and nurses were often missing or perceived as weak relationships. A conducive physical environment contributed to stronger more collaborative relationships, where individuals were visible and therefore felt to be more approachable.Conclusion:Our study highlights the additional preparation work that is required of organisations to consider relationships in their strategies for implementation.
Contextual review: the instinctive impulse and unstructured normativism in judicial review
Authors: Knight Dean R 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContextual review is a judicial method that rejects doctrinal or categorical methods to guide judicial supervision of administrative action. Judges are invited to assess the circumstances of a claim in the round without any doctrinal scaffolding to control the depth of scrutiny; in other words, intervention turns on an instinctive judicial impulse or overall evaluative judgement. This paper identifies and explains the various instances where this method is deployed in judicial review in Anglo-Commonwealth administrative law. The efficacy of this style of review is also evaluated, using rule of law standards to frame the analysis. Its increasing popularity is a worrying turn, in part because its reliance on unstructured normativism undermines the rule of law.
BERNSTEIN–SATO ROOTS FOR MONOMIAL IDEALS IN POSITIVE CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: QUINLAN-GALLEGO EAMON 
Published: March 2020

Following the work of Mustaţă and Bitoun, we recently developed a notion of Bernstein–Sato roots for arbitrary ideals, which is a prime characteristic analogue for the roots of the Bernstein–Sato polynomial. Here, we prove that for monomial ideals the roots of the Bernstein–Sato polynomial (over $\mathbb{C}$) agree with the Bernstein–Sato roots of the mod $p$ reductions of the ideal for $p$ large enough. We regard this as evidence that the characteristic-$p$ notion of Bernstein–Sato root is reasonable.
A taxonomic and taphonomic study of Pleistocene fossil deposits from the western Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Stewart Mathew , Louys Julien , Breeze Paul S. , Clark-Wilson Richard , Drake Nick A. , Scerri Eleanor M.L. , Zalmout Iyad S. , Al-Mufarreh Yahya S. A. , Soubhi Saleh A. , Haptari Mohammad A. , Alsharekh Abdullah M. , Groucutt Huw S. , Petraglia Michael D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, a growing interest has developed on the archaeology, palaeontology, and palaeoenvironments of the Arabian Peninsula. It is now clear that hominins repeatedly dispersed into Arabia, notably during pluvial interglacial periods when much of the peninsula was characterised by a semiarid grassland environment. During the intervening glacial phases, however, grasslands were replaced with arid and hyperarid deserts. These millennial-scale climatic fluctuations have subjected bones and fossils to a dramatic suite of environmental conditions, affecting their fossilisation and preservation. Yet, as relatively few palaeontological assemblages have been reported from the Pleistocene of Arabia, our understanding of the preservational pathways that skeletal elements can take in these types of environments is lacking. Here, we report the first widespread taxonomic and taphonomic assessment of Arabian fossil deposits. Novel fossil fauna are described and overall the fauna are consistent with a well-watered semiarid grassland environment. Likewise, the taphonomic results suggest that bones were deposited under more humid conditions than present in the region today. However, fossils often exhibit significant attrition, obscuring and fragmenting most finds. These are likely tied to wind abrasion, insolation, and salt weathering following fossilisation and exhumation, processes particularly prevalent in desert environments.
Radiocarbon Dating of the Neolithic Settlement at Makriyalos, Pieria, North Greece
Authors: Maniatis Yannis , Pappa Maria 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) dating was performed on samples from the prehistoric settlement at Makriyalos, northern Greece, a “flat extended” (rather than tell) site. Two separate occupation phases, Makriyalos I and II, were clearly distinguished on different sides of a low hill and belonged to the Late Neolithic I and II periods, respectively. Individual phases related to the use of circuit ditches and borrow pits were also recognized and dated. Phase modeling was applied in order to establish the sequence and duration of use of different features. The earliest activity seems to be around 5450 BC, among the earliest dates in northern Greece for the beginning of the LN and perhaps reflecting some earlier activity. The transition from LNI to LNII occurred at around 4950 BC without discontinuity earlier than other sites in Macedonia but perhaps same time as Thessaly. Intermediate ditch cutting phases occurred at 5300 and 5050 BC. A cemetery in the area of the settlement, initially thought to relate to the LNII phase of the settlement, was shown to date in the EBA period (beginning of 3rd millennium BC).