bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of embedded and patterned dichroic surfaces with reflective optical power to enable multiple optical paths in a micro-objective
Authors: Vega David , Sawyer Travis W. , Pham Nancy Y. , Barton Jennifer K. 
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate the use of patterned dichroic surfaces with reflective optical power to create multiple optical paths in a single lens system. The application of these surfaces enables a micro-endoscope to accommodate multiple imaging technologies with only one optical system, making the packaging more compact and reliable. The optical paths are spectrally separated using different wavelengths for each path. The dichroic surfaces are designed such that the visible wavelengths transmit through the surfaces optically unaffected, but the near-infrared wavelengths are reflected in a telescope-like configuration with the curved dichroic surfaces providing reflective optical power. We demonstrate wide-field visible monochromatic imaging and microscopic near-infrared imaging using the same set of lenses. The on-axis measured resolution of the wide-field imaging configuration is approximately 14 µm, and the measured resolution of the microscopic imaging configuration is approximately 2 µm. Wide-field white-light imaging of an object is also demonstrated for a qualitative perspective on the imaging capabilities. Other configurations and applications in fields such as optical metrology are discussed to expand on the versatility of the demonstrated optical system.
ERON: an energy-efficient and elastic RF-optical architecture for mmWave 5G radio access networks
Authors: Lu Hongbo , Proietti Roberto , Liu Gengchen , Chen Xiaoliang , Yoo S. J. Ben 
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes an elastic RF-optical networking (ERON) architecture solution for millimeter wave (mmWave) 5G radio access networks. The ERON architecture achieves energy efficiency and throughput elasticity using photonic-enhanced multibeam mmWave spatial multiplexing capability at the radio units. The centralization of the hardware resources and the converged management of the RF and optical resources in the data units offer high resource pooling gain. A numerical study on the energy efficiency of ERON’s photonic-enabled mmWave 5G system reveals that ERON is 5× more energy efficient than both conventional digital and hybrid RF beam-forming implementations. We also conducted a user mobility-aware network resources study, and the results show a 10 dB network resource pooling gain when compared to classic radio access network implementations.
ErAs:In(Al)GaAs photoconductor-based time domain system with 4.5  THz single shot bandwidth and emitted terahertz power of 164  µW
Authors: Nandi Uttam , Dutzi Katja , Deninger Anselm , Lu Hong , Norman Justin , Gossard Arthur C. , Vieweg Nico , Preu Sascha 
Published: April 2020

Superlattice structures of In(Al)GaAs with localized ErAs trap centers feature excellent material properties for terahertz (THz) generation and detection. The carrier lifetime of these materials as emitter and receiver has been measured as 1.76 ps and 0.39 ps, respectively. Packaged photoconductors driven by a 1550 nm, 90 fs commercial Toptica “TeraFlash pro” system feature a 4.5 THz single shot bandwidth with more than 60 dB dynamic range. The emitted THz power of the ErAs:In(Al)GaAs emitter versus laser power has been recorded with a pyroelectric detector calibrated by the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The maximum power was 164 µW at a laser power of 42 mW and a bias of 200 V.
High-speed 1D Raman analyzer for temperature and major species measurements in a combustion environment
Authors: Yang Chaobo , Tang Hao , Magnotti Gaetano 
Published: April 2020

In this Letter, we demonstrate a 5 kHz 1D Raman instrument for temporally and spatially resolved quantitative measurements of temperature and all the major species (

N

2

,

O

2

,

H

2

, and

H

2

O

) concentration in

H

2

-air flames. The major constituents of the system are a pulse-burst laser operated at 5 kHz and four back-illuminated CCD cameras operated in subframe burst-gating mode. The use of CCD cameras allows achieving a high sampling rate with no compromise on instrument precision, but it requires one camera for each species of interest. A cascade of dichroic mirrors and bandpass filters spectrally separates the Raman signal associated with each of the four species and directs it to a separate camera. Measurements in a well-characterized

H

2

-air premixed flat flame show that the system has precision comparable with the low-speed Raman system. The measuring uncertainty of the species mole fraction ranges between 1% (

N

2

) and

3

∼

4
%

(

O

2

in lean flames). Measurements in laminar and turbulent

H

2

/

N

2

jet flames show good agreement with the theoretical prediction. By measuring all species simultaneously, important combustion quantities such as the mixture fraction are also derived.
Filmowe wcielenia Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego
Authors: Szpulak Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

Szpulak Andrzej, Filmowe wcielenia Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego [Film Incarnations of Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 32. Poznań 2019, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, pp. 301–322. ISSN 1644-6763. DOI 10.14746/pt.2019.32.16.
The text concerns two film biographies of Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, an outstanding and legendary poet of the Second World War killed in 1944 during the Warsaw Uprising. The films Fourth Day by Ludmiła Niedbalska (1984) and Baczyński by Konrad Piwowarski (2013) were subject to a comparative analysis. It covered genaelogical issues, the poet’s biography and a presentation of his work. The analysis shows the extreme difference in creative concepts, and thus the various possibilities that the biographical film faces.
Dissociation of Unit Activity and Gamma Oscillations during Vocalization in Primate Auditory Cortex
Authors: Tsunada Joji , Eliades Steven J. 
Published: April 2020

Vocal production is a sensory-motor process in which auditory self-monitoring is used to ensure accurate communication. During vocal production, the auditory cortex of both humans and animals is suppressed, a phenomenon that plays an important role in self-monitoring and vocal motor control. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this vocalization-induced suppression are unknown. γ-band oscillations (>25 Hz) have been implicated a variety of cortical functions and are thought to arise from activity of local inhibitory interneurons, but have not been studied during vocal production. We therefore examined γ-band activity in the auditory cortex of vocalizing marmoset monkeys, of either sex, and found that γ responses increased during vocal production. This increase in γ contrasts with simultaneously recorded suppression of single-unit and multiunit responses. Recorded vocal γ oscillations exhibited two separable components: a vocalization-specific nonsynchronized (“induced”) response correlating with vocal suppression, and a synchronized (“evoked”) response that was also present during passive sound playback. These results provide evidence for the role of cortical γ oscillations during inhibitory processing. Furthermore, the two distinct components of the γ response suggest possible mechanisms for vocalization-induced suppression, and may correspond to the sensory-motor integration of top-down and bottom-up inputs to the auditory cortex during vocal production.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVocal communication is important to both humans and animals. In order to ensure accurate information transmission, we must monitor our own vocal output. Surprisingly, spiking activity in the auditory cortex is suppressed during vocal production yet maintains sensitivity to the sound of our own voice (“feedback”). The mechanisms of this vocalization-induced suppression are unknown. Here we show that auditory cortical γ oscillations, which reflect interneuron activity, are actually increased during vocal production, the opposite response of that seen in spiking units. We discuss these results with proposed functions of γ activity during inhibitory sensory processing and coordination of different brain regions, suggesting a role in sensory-motor integration.
Comparison of Short and Mid-Term Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis (Intermediate/High Risk) Who Underwent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Yesiltas Mehmet Ali , Haberal İsmail , Kuserli Yusuf , Yildiz Ahmet , Koyuncu Ahmet Ozan , Özsoy Sadiye Deniz 
Published: April 2020

Treatment protocols for severe aortic valve stenosis include surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), balloon valvuloplasty, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and medical treatment. Because the success rates are getting higher with both SAVR and TAVR, making the right treatment decision is important.
This study retrospectively shows the short- (1 month) and mid-term (6 months) mortality and morbidity rate differences between 2 groups of patients, who arrived to our hospital from January 2014 through October 2018. The first group consists of 54 patients who underwent mid-high risk SAVR operations at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery. The second group consists of 57 patients who underwent TAVR at the Cardiology Department.
Preoperative evaluation showed that the mean age of the SAVR group (71.5 years) was higher than the TAVR group (80 years). Also, the history of previous cardiac valve replacement surgery significantly was higher in the SAVR group than the TAVR group (P = .028). There were no significant differences between the remaining preoperative tests and diagnostic procedures.
Of the patients who underwent SAVR, 3.7% experienced postoperative cardiac arrhythmias, while the 17.5% of patients from the TAVR group experienced cardiac arrhythmias after the procedure. This difference between the groups were statistically significant. Mortality rate was 9.3% in the SAVR group and 5.3% in the TAVR group. The mortality rate was not statistically different between the groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the means of neurological incidents. The TAVR group had more vascular complications (17.9% to none) and pacemaker implantations (21.4% to 1.9%).
Minor or major bleeding was the most common reason for admission to the hospital after SAVR. Seven out of 10 patients experienced bleeding. Aortic regurgitation was more common in the TAVR group at the first and sixth month following the procedure. Ratios between the gradient values were higher in the SAVR group (P < .001). Peak gradient values at the sixth month following the procedure were lower than the values of the first month (P < .040).
Aortic regurgitation symptoms increased with patients at the mid-term follow-up appointment. To prevent the vascular complications in the TAVR group, preoperative peripheral vascular examination thoroughly should be performed. Considering that bleeding disorders are the main reason the SAVR group arrived to the hospital, INR values should closely be monitored. There seems to be no mortality difference between the groups at the six-month follow up, but studies should continue with more patients and long-term results.
An NCBP3-Domain Protein Mediates Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA
Authors: Boone Erin C , Xiao Hua , Vierling Michael M , Decker Logan M , Sy Victor T , Kennedy Rana F , Bonham Marilyn A , Schmitz Shannon F , John Annie M , Hammond Thomas M , Shiu Patrick K T 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, genes unpaired during meiosis are silenced by a process known as meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD). MSUD utilizes common RNA interference (RNAi) proteins, such as Dicer and Argonaute, to target homologous mRNAs for silencing. Previously, we demonstrated that nuclear cap-binding proteins NCBP1 and NCBP2 are involved in MSUD. We report here that SAD-8, a protein similar to human NCBP3, also mediates silencing. Although SAD-8 is not essential for either vegetative or sexual development, it is required for MSUD. SAD-8 localizes predominantly in the nucleus and interacts with both NCBP1 and NCBP2. Similar to NCBP1 and NCBP2, SAD-8 interacts with a component (Argonaute) of the perinuclear meiotic silencing complex (MSC), further implicating the involvement of cap-binding proteins in silencing.
On Negative Heritability and Negative Estimates of Heritability
Authors: Steinsaltz David , Dahl Andy , Wachter Kenneth W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We consider the problem of interpreting negative maximum likelihood estimates of heritability that sometimes arise from popular statistical models of additive genetic variation. These may result from random noise acting on estimates of genuinely positive heritability, but we argue that they may also arise from misspecification of the standard additive mechanism that is supposed to justify the statistical procedure. Researchers should be open to the possibility that negative heritability estimates could reflect a real physical feature of the biological process from which the data were sampled.
ACA Medicaid Expansion and Insurance Coverage Among New Mothers Living in Poverty
Authors: Johnston Emily M. , McMorrow Stacey , Thomas Tyler W. , Kenney Genevieve M. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:
Medicaid plays a critical role during the perinatal period, but pregnancy-related Medicaid eligibility only extends for 60 days post partum. In 2014, the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) Medicaid expansions increased adult Medicaid eligibility to 138% of the federal poverty level in participating states, allowing eligible new mothers to remain covered after pregnancy-related coverage expires. We investigate the impact of ACA Medicaid expansions on insurance coverage among new mothers living in poverty.

METHODS:
We define new mothers living in poverty as women ages 19 to 44 with incomes below the federal poverty level who report giving birth in the past 12 months. We use 2010–2017 American Community Survey data and a difference-in-differences approach using parental Medicaid-eligibility thresholds to estimate the effect of ACA Medicaid expansions on insurance coverage among poor new mothers.

RESULTS:
A 100-percentage-point increase in parental Medicaid-eligibility is associated with an 8.8-percentage-point decrease (P &lt; .001) in uninsurance, a 13.2-percentage-point increase (P &lt; .001) in Medicaid coverage, and a 4.4-percentage-point decrease in private or other coverage (P = .001) among poor new mothers. The average increase in Medicaid eligibility is associated with a 28% decrease in uninsurance, a 13% increase in Medicaid coverage, and an 18% decline in private or other insurance among poor new mothers in expansion states. However, in 2017, there were ∼142 000 remaining uninsured, poor new mothers.

CONCLUSIONS:
ACA Medicaid expansions are associated with increased Medicaid coverage and reduced uninsurance among poor new mothers. Opportunities remain for expansion and nonexpansion states to increase insurance coverage among new mothers living in poverty.
Peran Masjid Lautze 2 Bandung dalam Dakwah dan Budaya
Authors: Mardotillah Mila , Hendro Amin , Soemarwoto Rini , Raksanagara Ardini 
Published: April 2020

Moslem is a human obedience in submission to Allah SWT. The surrender to Allah SWT consists of spiritual and civic practices based on the Quran and Sahih Hadits. In community practices are influenced by how culture forms in society. Identity is part of the culture and social environment that can be shifted according to the dynamics of society life. Identity revolves around the space and time of every generation in the world of everyday life that comes from human thoughts and actions and evolves into real practice including Chinese culture which became a variety of Nusantara ethnic groups summarized in the activities of the Lautze 2 Mosque. The aim of this article is to examine how a Chinese Muslim as an Indonesian Nation by maintaining Chinese cultural identity without conflicting with religious rules by making the mosque utilizes. The method used is descriptive qualitative method to analyze how the Lautze 2 Mosque in Bandung has an active role in community activities and da’wah. The result show that the Chinese Muslim community has an active role in the utilize of the Lautze 2 Mosque as a means of religious da'wah, has an active role in helping people regardless of ethnicity and customs but still maintaining their identity as Chinese Muslims.
Las invisibles: una lectura desde la salud pública sobre la violencia sexual contra niñas y mujeres Colombianas en la actualidad*
Authors: Urrego-Mendoza Zulma 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: este artículo pretende exponer la situación actual de la violencia sexual en Colombia, desde la perspectiva de una salud pública con enfoque de género.Metodología: identificación, recopilación y análisis documental de un conjunto de estudios y otras fuentes sobre violencia sexual y salud pública en Colombia correspondientes al período 1993 -2006, seleccionadas mediante revisión de bases de datos electrónicas y catálogos de bibliotecas.Resultados: se presentan algunos conceptos sobre la violencia sexual y los derechos humanos de las mujeres; se caracteriza la magnitud del problema entre las niñas y mujeres de nuestro país; se discuten algunas políticas públicas desplegadas en Colombia ante el tema; y se señalan áreas críticas para la acción futura.Conclusiones: lo encontrado conduce a considerar que es necesario estimular la reflexión, la investigación, el análisis y las acciones interdisciplinarias efectivas y sensibles a los asuntos de género en torno a este tema, que no obstante su importancia ha permanecido relegado en medio del complejo panorama de la salud pública nacional.
Maternal effects shape the alternative splicing of parental alleles in reciprocal cross hybrids of Megalobrama amblycephala x Culter alburnus
Authors: Ren Li , Yan Xiaojing , Gao Xin , Cui Jialin , Yan Pengcheng , Wu Chang , Li Wuhui , Liu Shaojun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Maternal effects contribute to adaptive significance for shaping various phenotypes of many traits. Potential implications of maternal effects are the cause of expression diversity, but these effects on mRNA expression and alternative splicing (AS) have not been fully elucidated in hybrid animals. Results Two reciprocal cross hybrids following hybridization of Megalobrama amblycephala (blunt snout bream, BSB) and Culter alburnus (topmouth culter, TC) were used as a model to investigate maternal effects. In a comparison of BSB- and TC- homoeolog expression from the two reciprocal cross hybrids, we identified 49–348 differentially expressed BSB-homoeologous genes and 54–354 differentially expressed TC-homoeologous genes. 2402, 2959, and 3418 AS events between the two reciprocal cross hybrids were detected in Illumina data of muscle, liver, and gonads, respectively. Moreover, 21,577 (TC-homoeologs) and 30,007 (BSB-homoeologs) AS events were found in the 20,131 homoeologous gene pairs of TBF 3 based on PacBio data, while 30,561 (TC-homoeologs) and 30,305 (BSB-homoeologs) AS events were found in BTF 3 . These results further improve AS prediction at the homoeolog level. The various AS patterns in bmpr2a belonged to the bone morphogenetic protein family were selected as an AS model to investigate expression diversity and their potential effects to body shape traits. Conclusions The distribution of differentially expressed genes and AS in BSB- and TC-subgenomes exhibited various changes between the two reciprocal cross hybrids, suggesting that maternal effects were the cause of expression diversity. These findings provide a novel insight into mRNA expression changes and AS under maternal effects in lower vertebrates.
Women’s empowerment is associated with maternal nutrition and low birth weight: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Kabir Alamgir , Rashid Md Mahbubur , Hossain Kamal , Khan Md Arifuzzaman , Sikder Shegufta Shefa , Gidding Heather F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : The burden of maternal undernutrition and low birth weight (LBW) incurs enormous economic costs due to their adverse consequences. Women’s empowerment is believed to be one of the key factors for attaining maternal and child health and nutritional goals. Our objective was to investigate the association of women’s empowerment with maternal undernutrition and LBW. Methods : We used nationally representative data from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey for 2011 and 2014. We analysed 27,357 women and 9,234 mother-child pairs. A women’s empowerment index (WEI) was constructed using principal component analysis with five groups of indicators: a) education, b) access to socio-familial decision making, c) economic contribution and access to economic decision making, d) attitudes towards domestic violence and e) mobility. We estimated odds ratios as the measure of association between the WEI and the outcome measures using generalized estimating equations to account for the cluster level correlation. Results: The overall prevalence of maternal undernutrition was 20% and LBW was 18%. The WEI was significantly associated with both maternal undernutrition and LBW with a dose-response relationship. The adjusted odds of having a LBW baby was 32% [AOR (95% CI):0.68 (0.57, 0.82)] lower in the highest quartile of the WEI relative to the lowest quartile. Household wealth significantly modified the effect of the WEI on maternal nutrition.; in the highest wealth quintile, the odds of maternal undernutrition was 54% [AOR (95% CI): 0.46 (0.33, 0.64)] lower while in the lowest wealth quintile the odds of undernutrition was only 18% [AOR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.67, 1.00)] lower comparing the highest WEI quartile with the lowest WEI quartile. However, the absolute differences in prevalence of undernutrition between the highest and lowest WEI quartiles were similar across wealth quintiles (6-8%). Conclusions: This study used a comprehensive measure of women’s empowerment and provides strong evidence that low levels of women’s empowerment is associated with maternal undernutrition as well as with delivering LBW babies in Bangladesh. Therefore, policies to increase empowerment of women would contribute to improved public health.