bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma: Wann konservativ, wann operativ therapieren?
Authors: Rohde Veit , Mielke Dorothee 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDas korrekte Management eines Schädel-Hirn-Traumas (SHT) am Unfallort und im Krankenhaus ist eng verknüpft mit einer besseren Prognose. Von großer Bedeutung für die Einschätzung der Schwere des SHT und die sich daraus ableitenden diagnostischen und therapeutischen Maßnahmen ist die Glasgow-Coma-Skala (GCS). Bei einem Skalenwert von 3 bis 8 wird von einem schweren SHT gesprochen; diese Patienten sind komatös. Bei einem Skalenwert von 9 bis 12 liegt ein moderates und bei einem Skalenwert von 13 bis 15 ein leichtes SHT vor. Eine kranielle Computertomografie (CT) muss stets bei einem moderaten bis schweren SHT durchgeführt werden, um über eine initial operative oder konservative Therapie zu entscheiden. Klare, sofortige Operationsindikationen sind das raumfordernde Epiduralhämatom, das akute Subduralhämatom sowie die Impressionsfraktur über Kalottenbreite. Bei schwerem SHT ohne Nachweis einer operationsbedürftigen Blutung liegt meist ein Hirnödem vor. Eine intrakranielle Hirndruckmessung ist in diesen Fällen notwendig, um die Hirndrucktherapie zu steuern. Kann der erhöhte Hirndruck nicht ausreichend kontrolliert werden, ist eine dekompressive Hemikraniektomie indiziert.
Magnesium – essenzieller Mineralstoff für Therapie und Prävention
Authors: Vormann Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

SummaryDer Mineralstoff Magnesium übernimmt eine Vielzahl wichtiger Funktionen im Körper. Eine gute Versorgung mit Magnesium ist wichtig, um einer Reihe von Krankheiten vorzubeugen. Gleichzeitig können verschiedene Erkrankungen durch einen Magnesiummangel mit verursacht werden. Der Magnesiumbedarf ist bei bestimmten Vorerkrankungen sowie zum Beispiel auch durch die Einnahme einiger Arzneimittel erhöht. Durch orale Magnesiumpräparate lässt sich ein Defizit jedoch gut ausgleichen
Memorandum Register für die Versorgungsforschung: Update
2019
Authors: Stausberg Jürgen , Maier Birga , Bestehorn Kurt , Gothe Holger , Groene Oliver , Jacke Christian , Jänicke Martina , Kostuj Tanja , Mathes Tim , Niemeyer Anna , Olbrich Kerstin , Schmitt Jochen , Neugebauer Edmund 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungÜber Register können Fragestellungen zur Gesundheitsversorgung im
Alltag untersucht werden. Sie sind daher eine wesentliche Methode der
Versorgungsforschung. Das Deutsche Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung (DNVF)
fördert die Qualität von Registern durch einen
wissenschaftlichen Austausch, durch Fortbildungsangebote sowie durch
Empfehlungen in Form eines Memorandums „Register für die
Versorgungsforschung“. Die vorliegenden Empfehlungen stellen ein Update
zur ersten Fassung des Memorandums von 2010 dar. Das Update beschreibt die
Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Zielsetzungen von Registern in der
Versorgungsforschung und stellt den aktuellen Stand zu allen Aspekten eines
guten Designs und eines sachgerechten Betriebs von Registern dar. Das Memorandum
kann Verantwortlichen für die Entwicklung eines Registers als Leitfaden
zur Erreichung einer hohen Qualität dienen; potentiellen Nutzern von
Daten und Ergebnissen aus Registern ermöglicht es, die Qualität
eines Registers zu bewerten. Projektförderer und Gesundheitspolitik
können sich bei der Rahmensetzung für Finanzierung und
gesetzliche Anforderungen an den Qualitätskriterien orientieren. Neben
einer Definition werden im Memorandum verschiedene für die Konzeption
eines Registers relevante Bereiche vorgestellt. Dies umfasst die Phasen der
Entwicklung eines Registers von der Planung über den Entwurf bis zur
Umsetzung, die technische Organisation und den Betrieb eines Registers, die
Auswertung von Registerdaten, die Berichterstattung über die Ergebnisse
sowie den Datenschutz. Aus diesen Bereichen abgeleitete Kriterien zur
Beurteilung der Qualität eines Registers werden beschrieben.
Hierfür wird abschließend eine Checkliste
präsentiert.
Sport und Leistung: Gibt es eine Sportsucht?
Authors: Colledge Flora 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBisher wird die Sportsucht nicht als eigenständigesKrankheitsbild bzw. psychische Störung kategorisiert.Sie kann zu denVerhaltenssüchten gezählt werden. Diebisherige Studienlage ist problematisch, es finden sichwenige Studien, die das Thema Sportsucht vertiefteruntersuchen und Einblicke in die Symptomatologie erlauben.
Role of Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced, Fungating, and Inoperable Breast Cancer
Authors: Singh Pramod Kumar , Verma Jitendra Kumar , Raza Waseem , Verma Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Nitin 
Published: February 2020

Introduction In India, majority of patients are diagnosed with breast cancer in locally advanced stage. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT) are the mainstay of treatment for many patients who are not fit for surgery and need local RT.
Materials and Methods This was a single-center, nonstratified, single-blind, nonplacebo-controlled parallel group intervention study with imbalanced randomization done at our institute. Adult patients of 30 to 65 years of age with histologically proven carcinoma of breast with biopsy were registered and assessed.
Results In total, 30 patients were included in the study and the mean age was 50 years. All the patients received 30 Gy/10 fractions in 2 weeks and the response was assessed after 4 weeks of completion of RT. Twelve patients observed more than 70% reduction in tumor size and good subjective relief, nine patients observed 40% reduction in tumor size, and six patients observed 30% reduction in tumor size. Two patients did not show any response to RT, while one patient did show progress. All patients received chemotherapy before RT and 28 patients received chemotherapy after RT.
Conclusion Thus, whether it is 20 Gy in 5 fractions or 30 Gy in 10 fractions is debatable and needs further study of larger group to establish their benefit on each other. However, 30 Gy in 10 fractions gives good subjective response to patients and improves the quality of life.
Diagnóstico da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal na Criança e Adolescente
Authors: Rodrigues Maraci 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOO critério de Porto1 esta alinhado com a apresentação do ESPGHAN, pois ambas as fontes chamam a atenção sobre o cuidado que se deve ter ao fazer diagnóstico da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII) em crianças e adolescentes, mas principalmente em menores de 6 anos, no sentido de se afastar a possibilidade de imunodeficiências primárias e de doenças monogenéticas.A apresentação do ESPGHAN reforça que é muito importante a forma de comunicação do diagnóstico para familiares e pacientes com DII pediátrica. O profissional deve, se possível, ter um time especializado em DII pediátrica, com pediatra, gastropediatra, enfermeira, nutricionista, psicóloga,etc.A DII tem se tornado um diagnóstico crescente em crianças de todas as idades. Esta condição tem quadro clínico particular na infância, comparado com os adultos. Realizar o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para se evitar um impacto adicional sobre o estado nutricional, desenvolvimento pondoestatural e pubertário.Também requer atenção as consequências da DII sobre o aspecto psicossocial da criança e do adolescente, pois é comum a ruptura escolar e atividades sociais, especialmente naqueles pacientes com a doença instável ou grave, sendo necessário a intervenção psicológica.
Manejo da obesidade infanto-juvenil
Authors: de Mello Elza Daniel , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOO assunto aqui abordado foi apresentado no Simpósio Paralelo: Manejo clínico da obesidade e da doença hepática não gordurosa do fígado na criança“, coordenado por: Anil Dhawan (UK) e Mary Fewtrell (UK). Estão sendo apresentados alguns aspectos salientados na apresentação de Cristina Campoy (Granada, Espanha), com o título “Manejo não cirúrgico da obesidade infantil“.
Esofagite eosinofílica na infância
Authors: Duarte Marco Antônio 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOA Esofagite eosinofílica (EEo) é doença imunológica caracterizada por 15 ou mais eosinófilos à biópsia microscópica da mucosa esofágica em campo de maior aumento. Acomete principalmente adultos (20% em crianças). As manifestações clínicas são vômitos, regurgitação, dificuldade para alimentar, dor abdominal e/ou retroesternal, disfagia ou impactação alimentar. Variam com a idade. Os primeiros são mais frequentes em crianças menores. O diagnóstico só deve ser considerado após exclusão de doença péptica com Inibidores de Bomba de Prótons (IBP). Há duas opções para o tratamento: Uso de corticoide tópico na mucosa esofágica dissolvido em solução viscosa durante pelo menos 8 semanas; exclusão de possíveis antígenos - leite de vaca, ovo, amendoim, soja, amidos, frutos do mar, castanha e/ou carnes. Os pacientes podem evoluir para a cura ou apresentar recidivas frequentes. Muitas pesquisas ainda são necessárias para melhor compreensão desta doença.
Impactos da microbiota intestinal na saúde do lactente e da criança em curto e longo prazo
Authors: Fernandes Tadeu Fernando 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Base teórica: Há evidências suficientes que sustentam a importância da programação metabólica no período perinatal e nos primeiros anos de vida na prevenção ou desenvolvimento de doenças ao longo da vida.
Metodologia: Utilizando como referências principais as palestras proferidas no ESPGHAN 2016, fizemos uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar, tendo como objetivo principal mostrar a importância dos impactos da microbiota intestinal na saúde do lactente e da criança em curto e longo prazo.
Achados: Documentou-se a existência de um imprinting epigenético fetal através da translocação bacteriana durante a gravidez, que fornece à prole um microbioma pioneiro intra-útero. A presença de componentes da microbiota materna no feto intra-útero é uma importante fonte de maturação do sistema imune fetal levando à indução de tolerância à alérgenos orais e respiratórios, mas pode também resultar em um desfavorável fator epigenético nos casos de obesidade materna.
Conclusão: Está clara e evidente a importância do pediatra no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento da microbiota intestinal da criança desde a vida intrauterina.Existem várias janelas de oportunidade para intervenção na programação metabólica da criança visando minimizar as repercussões na saúde em curto e longo prazo.
Simple closed geodesics on regular tetrahedra in Lobachevsky space
Authors: Borisenko A. A. , Sukhorebska D. D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
All simple closed geodesics on regular tetrahedra in Lobachevsky space are described. The asymptotic behaviour is found for the number of simple closed geodesics of length

, as

tends to infinity.
Bibliography: 22 titles.
Waring’s problem in natural numbers of special form
Authors: Eminyan K. M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Let

be the set of positive integers whose binary decompositions contain an even number of ones. We give a bound for the trigonometric sum of special form over numbers in

; using this bound, we derive an asymptotic formula for the number of solutions to Waring’s equation in positive integers in

, and also a bound for the number of terms in the last equation, which is sufficient for the equation to be solvable in integers in

.
Bibliography: 9 titles.
The role of critical micellization concentration in efficacy and toxicity of supramolecular polymers
Authors: Su Hao , Wang Feihu , Ran Wei , Zhang Weijie , Dai Wenbing , Wang Han , Anderson Caleb F. , Wang Zongyuan , Zheng Chao , Zhang Pengcheng , Li Yaping , Cui Honggang 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Critical micellization concentration (CMC) is an important design consideration for developing all supramolecular biomaterials, and in particular for drug delivery systems. Once placed in an in vivo setting, supramolecular materials will start to dissociate into monomeric units, providing a means for therapeutic release and an essential pathway for clearance. This beneficial phenomenon could also lead to premature drug release and degradation. Through the design of a series of self-assembling prodrugs (SAPDs) of various CMCs, we developed a fundamental understanding of the role of CMC in therapeutic efficacy of supramolecular polymers. We found that the two important parameters of assessing a drug potential (efficacy and toxicity) can be correlated to the SAPD’s supramolecular form and monomeric form, respectively.
Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines
Authors: Huang Junming , Gates Alexander J. , Sinatra Roberta , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Empirical evidence suggests significant gender differences in the total productivity and impact of academic careers across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Paradoxically, the increase in the number of women academics over the past 60 years has increased these gender differences. Yet, we find that men and women publish a comparable number of papers per year and have equivalent career-wise impact for the same total number of publications. This suggests the productivity and impact of gender differences are explained by different publishing career lengths and dropout rates. This comprehensive picture of gender inequality in academic publishing can help rephrase the conversation around the sustainability of women’s careers in academia, with important consequences for institutions and policy makers.
The emergence and resilience of self-organized governance in coupled infrastructure systems
Authors: Muneepeerakul Rachata , Anderies John M. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Many small-scale, self-organized systems have persisted for hundreds of years and been the subject of studies seeking to understand effective governance. The lack of formal analytically tractable models of such coupled infrastructure systems hinders linking knowledge gained from those studies to such concepts as resilience and robustness. Here, we develop a stylized, generic model of these systems. The analysis clarifies complex interactions and feedbacks that yield different system outcomes. The boundaries between these outcomes are expressed in clear functions of biophysical and socioeconomic factors and can potentially be used to develop resilience metrics. Such regime boundaries clarify how changes in biophysical and socioeconomic drivers affect the system outcome and what changes in governance may be required to maintain its sustainability.
The vortex gas scaling regime of baroclinic turbulence
Authors: Gallet Basile , Ferrari Raffaele 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Developing a theory of climate requires an accurate parameterization of the transport induced by turbulent eddies. A major source of turbulence in the midlatitude planetary atmospheres and oceans is the baroclinic instability of the large-scale flows. We present a scaling theory that quantitatively predicts the local heat flux, eddy kinetic energy, and mixing length of baroclinic turbulence as a function of the large-scale flow characteristics and bottom friction. The theory is then used as a quantitative parameterization in the case of meridionally dependent forcing in the fully turbulent regime. Beyond its relevance for climate theories, our work is an intriguing example of a successful closure for a fully turbulent flow.
Essential requirement for nicastrin in marginal zone and B-1 B cell development
Authors: Choi Jin Huk , Han Jonghee , Theodoropoulos Panayotis C. , Zhong Xue , Wang Jianhui , Medler Dawson , Ludwig Sara , Zhan Xiaoming , Li Xiaohong , Tang Miao , Gallagher Thomas , Yu Gang , Beutler Bruce 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Follicular B cells generally require T cell help to contribute to adaptive immunity, producing several isotypes of immunoglobulins that carry out distinct effector functions. Two specialized B cell subsets, marginal zone (MZ) and B-1 B cells, arise from different developmental steps and have different functions. They become activated to produce antibodies without T cell help and are the major sources of plasma IgM. We identified a viable missense allele of Ncstn in a forward genetic screen. We discovered that the development of MZ and B-1 B cells, TI antibody response, fur pigmentation, and intestinal homeostasis critically depend on the glycosylation status of NCSTN and the catalytic activity of γ-secretase toward its substrate Notch, a critical receptor in numerous developmental decisions.
Latinxs’ bilingualism at work in the US
Authors: Alonso Lara , Villa Laura 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the current context of a globalized economy, bilingualism is
increasingly portrayed as a resource for corporations and for workers competing
for jobs in today’s slim market. In this paper we analyze the economic value of
languages other than English in the US, Spanish in particular. Working from a
political economy perspective and drawing from current theoretical approaches to
language and labor under neoliberalism, we examine the reproduction of the
discursive trope of language profit in the corporate world and educational
spaces, and then analyze the narratives and trajectories of young Latinx workers
in New York. The marginalized position of Latinxs in the social structure and
the racialization of their linguistic practices result in a linguistic
exploitation that remains unchallenged in the US. We conclude that today’s
celebrations of bilingualism, which follow a capitalist logic, perpetuate a
hierarchy of languages and speakers that is detrimental to racialized
minorities.
Microswimmers in an axisymmetric vortex flow
Authors: Arguedas-Leiva José-Agustín , Wilczek Michael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Microswimmers are encountered in a wide variety of biophysical settings. When interacting with flow fields, they show interesting dynamical features such as hydrodynamic trapping, clustering, and preferential orientation. One important step towards the understanding of such features is to clarify the interplay of hydrodynamic flows with microswimmer motility and shape. Here, we study the dynamics of ellipsoidal microswimmers in a two-dimensional axisymmetric vortex flow. Despite this simple setting, we find surprisingly rich dynamics, which can be comprehensively characterized in the framework of dynamical systems theory. By classifying the fixed-point structure of the underlying phase space as a function of motility and microswimmer shape, we uncover the topology of the phase space and determine the conditions under which microswimmers are trapped in the vortex. For spherical microswimmers, we identify Hamiltonian dynamics, which are broken for microswimmers of a different shape. We find that prolate ellipsoidal microswimmers tend to align parallel to the velocity field, while oblate microswimmers tend to remain perpendicular to it. Additionally, we find that rotational noise allows microswimmers to escape the vortex with an enhanced escape rate close to the system’s saddle point. Our results clarify the role of shape and motility on the occurrence of preferential concentration and clustering and provide a starting point to understand the dynamics in more complex flows.
Nonlocal solitons supported by non-parity-time-symmetric complex potentials
Authors: Zhu Xing , Peng Xi , Qiu Yunli , Wang Hongcheng , He Yingji 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report on the existence and stability of fundamental and out-of-phase dipole solitons in nonlocal focusing Kerr media supported by one-dimensional non-parity-time (PT)-symmetric complex potentials. These fundamental and dipole solitons bifurcate from different discrete eigenvalues in the linear spectra. Below the phase transition of the non-PT-symmetric complex potentials, these solitons are stable in the low power region. While above the phase transition, they are stable in the moderate power region. The eigenvalues in linear-stability spectra of solitons appear as conjugation pairs (δ, δ
*). The transverse power flow and the nonlinear contribution to refractive index are asymmetric functions. Moreover, the degree of nonlocality can also influence the stability of these solitons.
Major factors of global and regional monsoon rainfall changes: natural versus anthropogenic forcing
Authors: Ha Kyung-Ja , Kim Byeong-Hee , Chung Eui-Seok , Chan Johnny C L , Chang Chih-Pei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A number of studies have investigated the mechanisms that determine changes in precipitation, including how a wet region gets wetter. However, not all monsoon areas get wetter—there is a need to understand the major factors behind changes in regional monsoon precipitation, in terms of external forcing and internal variabilities in the last six decades by a combination of different observed datasets and model runs. We have found that time of emergence of anthropogenic signals is robustly detected in the northern African monsoon before the 1990s with the use of the CESM Large Ensemble Project. From CMIP5 model runs and three reanalysis datasets, the results found are that the change in rainfall over African monsoon (AFM) is mainly due to anthropogenic forcing and that over Asian-Australian monsoon (AAM) is affected by internal variability. Moreover, the cause of American monsoon (AMM) rainfall change cannot be known due to a discrepancy among observed datasets. Here we show that the asymmetry between Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) parts by green-house gas (GHG) is detected over the AFM and AAM regions. However, the land monsoon rainfall in the northern AMM is decreased by a combination of GHG and aerosol forcing. In general, the aerosol forcing causes a decreasing rainfall over the monsoon regions. In future projection, the land rainfall over the AAM and AMM are expected to increase and decrease in the future from most models’ results. The asymmetry between an increase in NH and a decrease in SH is dominant in the future from most models’ future simulation results, which is well shown over the AFM and AAM. This study suggests that the physical process of GHG and aerosol effects in rainfall should be explored in the context of regional aspects.
‘Mbare Musika is ours’: An analysis of a fresh produce market in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chikulo Shiela , Hebinck Paul , Kinsey Bill 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The functioning of markets is premised on the creation of collaborative relationships and networks. Food markets in Zimbabwe are evolving in response to state interventions that aim to restructure the marketplace and the flow of produce. This article explores Mbare Musika, the oldest and largest marketplace in Harare supplying the city with fresh fruit and vegetables. We analyse Mbare Musika from the perspective of the interactions among farmers and retailers, vendors, transporters, intermediaries, officials, and customers, in creating and sustaining a specific enduring market. We use actor narratives to understand the ordering and (re)ordering of people and produce in the context of informalization, shifting polycentric relationships, and market infrastructure to sustain livelihoods anchored on the circulation of large volumes of diverse fresh produce. The market is overtly economic in outlook but, intrinsically, it is a social arena where discourses are continuously reconstructed, reproduced, and expressed through daily interactions. We situate Mbare Musika in past and present sociopolitical processes of transformation in Zimbabwe.