bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Model of Human Leukemic Meningitis in the Nude Rat
Authors: Barone Tara A. , Plunkett Robert J. , Hohmann Philip , Lis Agnieszka , Glenister Norman , Barcos Maurice , Ostrow Peter T. , Spence Phyllis M. , Greenberg Steven J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An experimental animal model of meningeal leukemia was developed in the nude rat, rnu/rnu, using the human-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line HPB-ALL. Anesthetized rats were placed in a modified stereotaxic frame and then injected intrathecally, at the level of the cisterna magna, with human leukemic cells. Cerebrospinal fluid and tissue samples from brain, spinal cord, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, bone marrow, and cervical lymph nodes were subjected to histopathologic examination and molecular genetic screening by clonotype primer-directed polymerase chain reaction (CPD-PCR). Ninety-three percent of animals (n = 14) developed signs of meningeal irritation leading to death 30 to 63 days postinjection (median, 36.0 days, mean, 38.7); death occurred between 30 and 39 days in 77% of all animals. Leukemic cells progressively infiltrated the pericerebellar and pericerebral subarachnoid space and infiltrated the Virchow-Robin (perivascular) space. The infiltrating meningeal leukemia closely resembled the pathologic presentation in the human condition. By CPD-PCR, leukemic cells were first detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF ) on day 4 postinjection, were variably present over the ensuing 17 days, and were consistently detected after day 21. At terminal stages, CPD-PCR tissue surveys showed leukemic DNA in all brains and spinal cords and rarely in cervical lymph nodes, but leukemic DNA was not detected in any other tissue screened. Leukemic meningitis was reliably produced with a predictable survival time. Intrathecal administration of leukemic cells was an efficient means of transmitting leukemic meningitis and it compartmentalized the disease to the central nervous system (CNS), eliminating potential complications of systemic illness. The use of human-derived cell lines may render this model more relevant to the development of future therapeutic strategies to treat leukemia and lymphoma that invade the CNS.
Multiple Inhibitory Cytokines Induce Deregulated Progenitor Growth and Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Cells From Fac−/− Mice
Authors: Haneline Laura S. , Broxmeyer Hal E. , Cooper Scott , Hangoc Giao , Carreau Madeleine , Buchwald Manuel , Clapp D. Wade 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe used a murine model containing a disruption of the murine homologue (Fac) of Fanconi Anemia group C (FAC) to evaluate the role of Fac in the pathogenesis of bone marrow (BM) failure. Methylcellulose cultures of BM cells fromFac−/− and Fac+/+ mice were established to examine the growth of multipotent and lineage-restricted progenitors containing inhibitory cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α). Clonogenic growth of Fac−/− progenitors was reduced by 50% at 50- to 100-fold lower concentrations of all inhibitory cytokines evaluated. We hypothesized that the aberrant responsiveness to inhibitory cytokines in clonogenic cells may be a result of deregulated apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, we performed the TUNEL assay on purified populations of primary BM cells enriched for hematopoietic progenitors or differentiated myeloid cells. After stimulation with TNF-α, accentuated apoptosis was observed in both populations of Fac−/− cells. In addition, deregulated apoptosis was also noted in the most immature phenotypic population of hematopoietic cells after stimulation with MIP-1α.Together these data suggest a role of Fac in affecting the signaling of multiple cytokine pathways and support cytokine-mediated apoptosis as a major mechanism responsible for BM failure observed in FA patients.
Infection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Increases Expression of Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor in T Cells: Implications for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Vasculopathy
Authors: Ascherl G. , Hohenadl C. , Schatz O. , Shumay E. , Bogner J. , Eckhart L. , Tschachler E. , Monini P. , Ensoli B. , Stürzl M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlterations in the vascular system and the onset of angioproliferative lesions such as Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) are common traits of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)–infected patients. To investigate possible factors involved in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated vasculopathy and vascular malfunction, expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor-A (VEGF-A) was analyzed in HUT 78 T lymphocytes upon infection with HIV-1. VEGF-A was found to be increased in supernatants from infected cells as compared with uninfected cells. In addition, VEGF-A mRNA expression and protein secretion were significantly increased in HUT 78 cells incubated with conditioned medium (CM) derived from HIV-1 chronically infected HUT 78 cells (HIV-TCM) as compared with CM from uninfected cells (TCM). Increase of VEGF-A production in T cells was promoted by inflammatory cytokines (IC) present in HIV-TCM, including tumor necrosis factor  (TNF), interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. These IC that have been shown to be increased in sera of HIV-1–infected patients and to be increased by HIV-1 infection or cell activation in these individuals as well as HIV-TCM also increased VEGF-A expression in primary T lymphocytes. Consistent with this, VEGF-A concentrations were found to be higher in sera of HIV-1–infected patients with (mean, 357.1 ± 197.9 pg/mL) and without KS (mean, 256.7 ± 137.5 pg/mL) as compared with uninfected individuals (mean, 188.6 ± 91.7 pg/mL). These data suggest that increased secretion of VEGF-A by T lymphocytes of HIV-1–infected individuals may induce vascular leakage and stimulate proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, which are hallmarks of AIDS-associated vasculopathy and especially of KS development.
TRK-Fused Gene (TFG) Is a New Partner of ALK in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Producing Two Structurally DifferentTFG-ALK Translocations
Authors: Hernández Luis , Pinyol Magda , Hernández Silvia , Beà Silvia , Pulford Karen , Rosenwald Andreas , Lamant Laurence , Falini Brunangelo , Ott German , Mason David Y. , Delsol Georges , Campo Elias 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is associated with the t(2;5)(p23;q35), which generates the NPM-ALK fusion gene encoding an 80-kD protein. Several studies have suggested that genes other than NPM may be fused to theALK gene. Here we have identified TRK-fused gene (TFG) as a new ALK partner in 2 ALCL, 1 of which exhibited a t(2;3)(p23;q21). In these cases, TFG was involved in 2 different fusion genes, TFG-ALKS andTFG-ALKL, coding respectively 85-kD and 97-kD chimeric proteins. The ALK breakpoint in these translocations was the same as in the classic t(2;5) translocation. These 2 proteins were both active in an in vitro tyrosine kinase assay showing that the new cloned cDNA sequences are translated into chimeric proteins with functional activity. These findings indicate thatTFG can provide an alternative to NPM as a fusion partner responsible for activation of the ALK and the pathogenesis of ALCL.
Molecular cloning of a novel type 1 cytokine receptor similar to the common gamma chain
Authors: Fujio Keishi , Nosaka Tetsuya , Kojima Tetsuo , Kawashima Toshiyuki , Yahata Takashi , Copeland Neal G. , Gilbert Debra J. , Jenkins Nancy A. , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Nishimura Takashi , Kitamura Toshio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn a complementary DNA (cDNA) screening of murine Th2-skewed lymphocytes with our recently developed signal sequence trap method termed SST-REX, a novel type 1 cytokine receptor, Delta1 (δ1), was identified. Although δ1 is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues, the expression level is higher in Th2-skewed lymphocytes than in Th1-skewed ones. The δ1 cDNA encodes a 359–amino acid type 1 membrane protein. The extracellular domain of 206 amino acids showed 24% identity with the murine common γ receptor that is shared among the receptors for interleukin(IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. The membrane-proximal region of δ1 includes a box1 motif, which is important for association with Janus kinases (JAKs), and showed a significant homology with that of the mouse erythropoietin receptor (EPOR). A box2 motif was also found in close proximity to the box1 region. Dimerization of the cytoplasmic region of δ1 alone did not transduce proliferative signals in IL-3–dependent cell lines. However, the membrane-proximal region of δ1 could substitute for that of human EPOR in transmitting proliferative signals and activating JAK2. These results suggest that δ1 is a subunit of cytokine receptor that may be involved in multiple receptor systems and play a regulatory role in the immune system and hematopoiesis.
Serum level of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is a strong and independent predictor of survival in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Sidenius Nicolai , Sier Cornelis F. M. , Ullum Henrik , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Lepri Alessandro Cozzi , Blasi Francesco , Eugen-Olsen Jesper 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection has been shown to result in up-regulation of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR/CD87) on leukocytes in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate whether this up-regulation is paralleled by higher serum levels of soluble uPAR (suPAR) in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease and whether the serum level of suPAR is predictive of clinical outcome. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the level of suPAR was measured retrospectively in serum samples from 314 patients with HIV-1 infection. By Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, the serum suPAR levels were correlated to survival with AIDS-related death as the end point. High levels of serum suPAR (greater than median) were associated with poor overall survival, and Kaplan-Meier analysis on patients stratified by suPAR level demonstrated a continuous increase in mortality rates with higher suPAR levels. After adjustment for accepted prognostic markers—including Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–defined clinical stages, CD4 counts, viral load, β2-microglobulin, and age—the prognostic strength of suPAR remained highly significant, indicating that the serum suPAR level is a novel, strong, and independent predictor of survival in HIV-1 infection. This report is the first to demonstrate an important association between the plasminogen activator system and disease progression in HIV-1 infection.
Management of acute COPD exacerbations in Australia: do we follow the guidelines?
Authors: Cousins Joyce L. , Wood-Baker Richard , Wark Peter A.B. , Yang Ian A. , Gibson Peter G. , Hutchinson Anastasia , Sajkov Dimitar , Hiles Sarah A. , Samuel Sameh , McDonald Vanessa M. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess adherence to the Australian national guideline (COPD-X) against audited practice, and to document the outcomes of patients hospitalised with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at discharge and 28 days after.MethodsA prospective clinical audit of COPD hospital admission from five tertiary care hospitals in five states of Australia was conducted. Post-discharge follow-up was conducted via telephone to assess for readmission and health status.ResultsThere were 207 admissions for acute exacerbation (171 patients; mean 70.2 years old; 50.3% males). Readmission rates at 28 days were 25.4%, with one (0.6%) death during admission and eight (6.1%) post-discharge within 28 days. Concordance to the COPD-X guidance was variable; 22.7% performed spirometry, 81.1% had blood gases collected when forced expiratory volume in 1 s was <1 L, 99.5% had chest radiography performed, 95.1% were prescribed systemic corticosteroids and 95% were prescribed antibiotic therapy. There were 89.1% given oxygen therapy and 92.6% when arterial oxygen tension was <80 mmHg; 65.6% were given ventilatory assistance when pH was <7.35. Only 32.4% were referred to pulmonary rehabilitation but 76.8% had general practitioner follow-up arranged.ConclusionWhen compared against clinical practice guidelines, we found important gaps in management of patients admitted with COPD throughout tertiary care centres in Australia. Strategies to improve guideline uptake are needed to optimise care.
Highly Selective Detection of Metronidazole by Self-Assembly via 0D/2D N–C QDs/g-C3N4 Nanocomposites Through FRET Mechanism
Authors: Wang Shan , Fu Jing , Zhang Fang , Huan Ruirui , Liu Ting , Zeng Xingguo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A 0D/2D (0-dimensional/2-dimensional) nanostructure was designed by self-assembly of N–C QDs and carboxylated g-C3N4 nanosheets and used as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) fluorescent sensor. The N–C QDs/g-C3N4 nanosheets were synthesized via the amino group on the N–C QD surface and the –COOH of the carboxylated g-C3N4 nanosheets. The mechanism of detection of metronidazole (MNZ) by N–C QDs/g-C3N4 nanocomposites is based on FRET between negatively charged N–QDs and positively charged carboxylated g-C3N4 nanoparticles. N–C QDs/g-C3N4 nanostructures displayed good responses for the detection of MNZ at normal temperature and pressure. The decrease in the fluorescence intensity showed a good linear relationship to MNZ concentration within 0–2.6 × 10−5 mol/L, and the detection limit was 0.66 μM. The novel FRET sensor will have a great potential in clinical analysis and biological studies.

Graphical Abstract
Genome of extreme halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora
Authors: Guo Rui , Zhao Long , Zhang Kaijian , Gao Dan , Yang Chunwu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPuccinellia tenuiflora, a forage grass, is considered a model halophyte given its strong tolerance for multiple stress conditions and its close genetic relationship with cereals. This halophyte has enormous values for improving our understanding of salinity tolerance mechanisms. The genetic information ofP. tenuifloraalso is a potential resource that can be used for improving the salinity tolerance of cereals.ResultsHere, we sequenced and assembled theP. tenuifloragenome (2n = 14) through the combined strategy of Illumina, PacBio, and 10× genomic technique. We generated 43.2× PacBio long reads, 123.87× 10× genomic reads, and 312.6× Illumina reads. Finally, we assembled 2638 scaffolds with a total size of 1.107 Gb, contig N50 of 117 kb, and scaffold N50 of 950 kb. We predicted 39,725 protein-coding genes, and identified 692 tRNAs, 68 rRNAs, 702 snRNAs, 1376 microRNAs, and 691 Mb transposable elements.ConclusionsWe deposited the genome sequence in NCBI and the Genome Warehouse in National Genomics Data Center. Our work may improve current understanding of plant salinity tolerance, and provides extensive genetic resources necessary for improving the salinity and drought tolerance of cereals.
A regulatory role for CD72 expression on B cells and increased soluble CD72 in primary Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Shen Yuqi , Ma Yuhua , Xie Jingyuan , Lin Li , Shi Yifan , Li Xiao , Shen Pingyan , Pan Xiaoxia , Ren Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCD72, a co-receptor of B cell receptor (BCR), has been reported to have both positive and negative effects on B cell functions in several immunological diseases. The B cell plays an important role in the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS). However, whether CD72 is involved in the process remains unknown. This study aimed to observe the possible role of CD72 in the pathogenesis of pSS.ResultsA total of 60 cases who fulfilled the American-European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria for the diagnosis of pSS and 61 gender and age-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. The percentage of CD72+ B cells was 85.31 ± 8.37% in pSS patients and 76.91 ± 8.50% in healthy controls(p < 0.001). The percentage of CD72+ B cells was correlated to serum IgG levels in patients [β = 0.018(0.001–0.036),p = 0.034]. The level of serum soluble CD72 was significantly higher in pSS patients than the one in healthy controls (0.41 (0.29) vs 0.07 (0.08) ng/mL,p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe percentage of CD72+ B cells was upregulated in pSS patients and was correlated to the serum IgG level, which revealed the hyperactivity of B cells in this disease. The serum soluble CD72 level was also increased in pSS patients. These results indicated a potential role of CD72 in the pathogenesis of pSS.
Low dose combined oral contraceptives induced thrombotic anterior wall myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Rahhal Alaa , Khir Fadi , Adam Mohammad , Aljundi Amer , Mohsen Mohammed Khalil , Al-Suwaidi Jassim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Combined oral contraceptive pills are associated with an established risk for venous thrombosis; however, their risk for arterial thrombosis remains uncertain, especially with the development of low dose new generations of combined oral contraceptive. Arterial thrombosis is less likely to occur with the use of oral contraceptive pills in the absence of cardiovascular risk factors.

Case presentation
We report a 35-year old female with no cardiovascular risk factors who presented with thrombotic anterior wall myocardial infarction 6 months after using a third generation low dose combined oral contraceptive pills (Marvelon; ethinylestradiol 30 mcg and desogestrel 150 mcg).

Conclusion
Third generation low dose combined oral contraceptives may lead to myocardial infarction in young women, even in the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors.
Prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite versus fecal immunochemical occult blood test as a biomarker for patient with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ishida Natsuki , Miyazu Takahiro , Takano Ryosuke , Tamura Satoshi , Tani Shinya , Kagami Takuma , Yamade Mihoko , Hamaya Yasushi , Iwaizumi Moriya , Osawa Satoshi , Furuta Takahisa , Miyajima Hiroaki , Sugimoto Ken 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite (PGE-MUM) may be a novel biomarker for evaluating disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC). We compared its usefulness to that of the fecal immunochemical occult blood test (FIT).

Methods
PGE-MUM and FIT measurements were performed of 92 urinary and fecal samples obtained from 60 patients with UC. Endoscopic activity was determined by Mayo endoscopic subscore (eMayo) and Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) score.

Results
PGE-MUM levels and FIT results showed a significant correlation with respect to eMayo (P <  0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and there was a significant difference in PGE-MUM values between the groups below eMayo1 and above eMayo2 (P = 0.012). Both biomarkers were significantly correlated with the UCEIS score (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and the PGE-MUM values were significantly different between groups below UCEIS1 and above UCEIS2 (P = 0.012). PGE-MUM and FIT were significantly correlated with eMayo in the group with a disease duration < 5 years (P = 0.041 and P < 0.001, respectively). Although PGE-MUM and eMayo differed significantly between groups over 5 years (P = 0.012), FIT was not correlated with eMayo (P = 0.101).

Conclusions
PGE-MUM is useful as a biomarker as FIT for evaluating the endoscopic activity, particularly in long-term affected patients with UC.
Initially elevated arterial lactate as an independent predictor of poor outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Shu Wenqing , Wan Jianhua , Chen Jie , He Wenhua , Zhu Yong , Zeng Hao , Liu Pi , Zhu Yin , Xia Liang , Lu Nonghua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between arterial lactate levels and outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis.

Methods
The study retrospectively analyzed the medical data of 329 patients with severe acute pancreatitis from January 2014 to February 2019. We compared baseline characteristics, laboratory data, severity scores, types of persistent organ failure, and primary and secondary outcomes of patients with and without elevated arterial lactate levels at admission. A multivariate logistic regression analysis model and receiver operating characteristic curve were adopted to evaluate the value of arterial lactate ≥4 mmol/L for identifying high-risk patients. Trends in arterial lactate levels were compared between patients in the survivor and nonsurvivor groups over a period of 7 days.

Results
Compared to normal arterial lactate levels, patients with elevated arterial lactate levels show significantly higher incidences of multiple persistent organ failure (3% vs 30%, P < 0.01), death (2% vs 11%, P < 0.01), septic shock (4% vs 24%, P < 0.01), pancreatic infection (12% vs 37%, P < 0.01), abdominal compartment syndrome (3% vs 20%, P < 0.01), pancreatic necrosis (41% vs 63%, P < 0.01), and a need for ventilator support (26% vs 54%, P < 0.01). For predicting mortality, arterial lactate levels ≥4 mmol/L had a high hazard ratio (10, 95% CI; 3.7–27; P < 0.01) and the highest area under the curve (0.78).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that initially elevated arterial lactate is independently associated with poor outcomes and death in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and may serve as an early high-risk stratification indicator.
Stenting as a bridge to surgery for extra-colonic malignancy induced colorectal obstruction: preliminary experience
Authors: Kim Eui Joo , Han Sang Hoon , Kim Kyoung Oh , Chung Jun-Won , Park Dong Kyun , Kwon Kwang An , Kim Jung Ho 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The majority of colonic obstructions result from colorectal cancer. However, malignancies of extra-colonic origin can also disrupt colorectal patency, and the efficacy of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) insertion as a bridge to surgery in these patients are still in debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic stenting as a bridge to surgery (BTS) for extra-colonic malignancy (ECM)-induced colonic obstruction.

Methods
Thirty-three patients with colonic obstruction due to ECM who received self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) insertion at a single academic tertiary medical center between 2004 and 2015 were included. The purpose of SEMS insertion was determined based on whether the patient’s medical records indicated any surgical plans before SEMS insertion. Technical success was defined as a patent SEMS covering the entire length of the obstruction. Bridging success was defined as elective surgical procedures after the first SEMS insertion.

Results
Among the 33 patients who underwent SEMS insertion for colorectal obstruction due to ECM, nine underwent SEMS as a BTS. Technical success was achieved in 100% (9/9). Seven patients underwent elective surgery after successful decompression with the first SEMS, and the bridging success rate was 77.8% (7/9). Two patients needed secondary stent insertion before elective surgery. However, none of them required emergent surgery. No major complications occurred, including death related to colorectal endoscopic procedures, perforation, or bleeding.

Conclusion
SEMS insertion as a BTS is a good treatment option to avoid emergent surgery in patients with colonic obstruction caused by extra-colonic malignancy.