bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of Pelvic Mass Lesions in Females with Histopathological Correlation: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used in the detection and staging of large pelvic masses. Many large masses in the female pelvis arise from the reproductive organs. These pelvic masses most commonly arise from the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
Objective This study was aimed to assess the role of MRI in female pelvic mass lesions. Also, it presents a pictorial review of MRI images of such pelvic masses.
Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 50 female patients with clinically suspected pelvic masses at physical examination and referred for MRI at a tertiary care hospital over a 2-year period between July 2017 and June 2019.
Results Most common lesions evaluated on imaging were benign uterine lesions (15 cases, 34.09%), benign adnexal lesions (13 cases, 29.54%), malignant adnexal (10 cases, 22.73%), malignant uterine cervical lesions (6 cases, 13.64%); two cases had indeterminate type lesions, two lesions proved to be normal bowel loops on MRI, and in two cases MRI could not be performed. Cystic lesions were commonly seen in adnexa (15 out 21) while solid lesions were common in uterine cervical region (18 out 23). Out of these, 14 were complex cystic adnexal masses and 10 were malignant. Uterine cervical lesions were carcinoma cervix. Better assessment with improved imaging capability was possible on MRI for invasion of surrounding structures in 10 cases, lymphadenopathy in 3 cases, ascites in 13 cases, peritoneal implant in 6 cases, encasement in 1 case, and distant metastases in 1 case.
Conclusion In conclusion, pelvic mass lesions in females are more common above the age of 45 years. Adnexal masses are usually cystic, while the uterine masses are solid in texture. As the complexity and size of the cystic adnexal masses increases, there are increased chances of malignancy. Pretreatment staging and assessment of malignancy, invasion of surrounding structures, encasement, invasion of vessels or assessment of lymphadenopathy, peritoneal implant, ascites, and distant metastases are better appreciated by MRI.
The Olerud Extensile Anterior Approach for Complex Distal Femoral Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khlopas Anton , Samuel Linsen T. , Sultan Assem A. , Yao Benjamin , Billow Damien G. , Kamath Atul F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe management of AO/OTA (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association) 33-C3 complex distal femoral fractures presents challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. The extensile anterior approach may be an appropriate alternative treatment technique. The purpose of this systematic review is to (1) evaluate the Olerud approach (extensile anterior approach) for the treatment of 33-C3 complex distal femoral fractures and (2) evaluate postoperative patient outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed to retrieve studies that evaluated the treatment of 33-C3 complex distal femoral fractures. The PubMed database query resulted in 429 studies. Two reviewers independently reviewed the studies, of which six were identified. Patient demographics, AO/OTA fracture, surgical intervention, follow-up duration, clinical outcomes, and postoperative complications were collected and analyzed. The systematic review included six studies reporting on 85 patients (43 males and 42 females); the mean patient age was 45 years (range: 16–101 years). The most common cause of injury was road/traffic accident (51 patients). The mean follow-up time was 26 months (range: 3–72 months). In five studies, the mean time for union was 5.8 months (range: 2–9 months). The three most commonly reported complications were infection (seven [8.2%] patients), failure/malunion (three [3.5%] patients), and delayed tibial tuberosity osteotomy healing (three [3.5%] patients). Seventy (82.4%) patients did not suffer any postoperative complications. Out of 72 patients, 7 (9.7%) had resultant varus/valgus deformity. Overall, 57.1% had excellent/good functional outcomes. Based on the systematic literature review, the extensile anterior approach may be a viable alternative surgical option for 33-C3 complex distal femoral fractures. Given the current literature, more comprehensive and extensive studies need to be performed to ensure the best possible outcome.
Bi-chromatic adiabatic shells for atom interferometry
Authors: Mas Hector , Pandey Saurabh , Vasilakis Georgios , von Klitzing Wolf 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Free space atom-interferometry traditionally suffers from the large distances that atoms have to fall in order to achieve long interaction times. Trapped atom interferometry is emerging as a powerful way of achieving long interaction times in a reduced experimental volume. Here, we demonstrate bi-chromatic adiabatic magnetic shell traps as a novel tool for matterwave interferometry. We dress the magnetic hyperfine states of the F = 1 and F = 2 Rubidium 87 Bose–Einstein Condensates thus creating two independently controllable shell traps of which we use the

∣
F
=
1
,

m

¯

F

=
−
1
〉

and

∣
F
=
2
,

m

¯

F

=
1
〉

adiabatic states. Using microwave pulses, we put atoms originally loaded into one of the two shell-traps into a superposition between the two shell traps. Since the two traps can be manipulated independently, their position and vertical curvature can be matched, thus creating a good starting point for an atom interferometer. This interferometer can be sensitive to spatially varying electric or magnetic fields, which could be DC or RF magnetic fields or microwaves. We demonstrate that the trap-matching afforded by the independent control of the shell traps allows for a tenfold increase in coherence times when compared to adiabatic potentials created by a single RF-frequency. For large-radius shells the atoms are confined to a 2D surface enabling highly sensitive imaging matterwave interferometers.
Finding spin glass ground states using quantum walks
Authors: Callison Adam , Chancellor Nicholas , Mintert Florian , Kendon Viv 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Quantum computation using continuous-time evolution under a natural hardware Hamiltonian is a promising near- and mid-term direction toward powerful quantum computing hardware. We investigate the performance of continuous-time quantum walks as a tool for finding spin glass ground states, a problem that serves as a useful model for realistic optimization problems. By performing detailed numerics, we uncover significant ways in which solving spin glass problems differs from applying quantum walks to the search problem. Importantly, unlike for the search problem, parameters such as the hopping rate of the quantum walk do not need to be set precisely for the spin glass ground state problem. Heuristic values of the hopping rate determined from the energy scales in the problem Hamiltonian are sufficient for obtaining a better quantum advantage than for search. We uncover two general mechanisms that provide the quantum advantage: matching the driver Hamiltonian to the encoding in the problem Hamiltonian, and an energy redistribution principle that ensures a quantum walk will find a lower energy state in a short timescale. This makes it practical to use quantum walks for solving hard problems, and opens the door for a range of applications on suitable quantum hardware.
General nature of the step-induced frustration at ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interfaces: topological origin and quantitative understanding
Authors: Chen X , Ji T Z , Sun L , Miao B F , Millev Y T , Ding H F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present a study of the magnetic configuration due to step-induced magnetic frustration at ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) interfaces. At a substrate monatomic step edge, a 180° domain wall emerges. A physically appealing form for the thickness dependence of the domain wall width is obtained. It follows a universal behaviour in the whole thickness range, from ultrathin film to bulk and in both cases of an AFM domain wall on top of the FM layer and a FM domain wall on top of an AFM substrate. In the ultrathin limit of the capping layer, the domain wall grows linearly with the slope depending only on the ratio of the inter-layer and intra-layer Heisenberg exchange constants, regardless of the presence of magneto-crystalline anisotropy. These findings are in good agreement with previous experimental observations. As the thickness grows beyond the ultrathin regime, the corresponding thickness dependence departs from linearity and tends to its bulk value. The analytical insights are supported by conclusive numerical simulations of two independent varieties, namely, the Monte Carlo method which also includes the growth kinetics and the object oriented micromagnetic framework based micromagnetic simulations. While the quantitative details of the study are naturally dependent on the specific material parameters of the complex magnetic system, the global features of the spin texture in the capping layer are dictated by the topological step-edge defect. The latter in itself is quantifiable by a winding number of

±

1
2

.
Secondary carbonates in edaphic components of ecosystems
Authors: Kharitonova G V , Shein E V , Krutikova V O , Ostrouhov A V , Kharitonov E V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper considers some examples of secondary carbonates in edaphic ecosystem components (soils, river and lake bottom sediments, suspensions). In addition to calcite, more soluble and less stable polymorphic modifications of calcite vaterite and aragonite, which are important precursors of carbonate-forming systems, are diagnosed. Microforms of vaterite are formed in presence of low molecular weight amino acids. In turn, microforms of aragonite are associated with extremely high salinity of water. According to the nonclassical mesocrystal concept, stability of vaterite and aragonite in situ is explained by the formation of mesocrystals – hierarchically organized superstructures from nanocrystals. The mesocrystal concept may be an important key to understanding the micro-and macroaggregates in soils.
Shrinkage curves of monoliths from genetic horizons of Vertic Solonetz
Authors: Khitrov N B , Rogovneva L V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Statistical cumulative distributions of indices for shrinkage curve of 324 monoliths from Vertisols and Vertic Solonetzes are created. Natric and vertic horizons have similar range of shrinkage indices, with that natric ones have higher values of pore volume weakly changed during water evaporation and lower bulk density at shrinkage limit.
Evaluation of the effect of modern drainage technologies on the physical properties and productivity of mineral hydromorphic soils
Authors: Kovalev I V , Kovaleva N O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Main features of water regime of Umbric Albeluvisols Abruptic and Gleyic Albeluvisols Abruptic were studied. Two layers of surface water appear in soils in spring and fall, hence, the yields are decreased or crops die. Drainage is shown to eliminate surface water. Plastic drainage causes more intensive drainage effect than ceramic trench drainage in wet years. Regardless of the type of drainage, it is always an additional reason for the deep desiccation of surface soil horizons during the summer drought. Drainage leads to an increase in specific surface area of soils, total soil porosity, number of water stable aggregates, including those in the lower horizons. Favorable conditions for the cultivation of crops, especially for grain crops, are formed on drained soils of the Nonchernozem region.
The influence of recreation on changes in the vital conditions of soil invertebrates
Authors: Kuznetsov V A , Ryzhova I M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An assessment of the state of soil invertebrate complex, litter horizons, and soddy-podzolic soils (Albic Retisols) in Moscow forest parks (“Bitsevskii Forest” and “Losinyi Ostrov”) as a function of the level of recreational loads is presented. A clear pattern has been established for the deterioration of the soil invertebrates as the recreational load increases. This occurs as a result of changes in their habitat conditions, largely due to changes in the soil water regime and soil invertebrate feeding conditions. The abundance, biomass and diversity of soil invertebrates decrease by a factor of 2–2.5 under the influence of the recreational load. The condition of soil invertebrates is a sensitive indicator, which depends on the conditions of their habitat and is mainly determined by changes in the characteristics of the litter and soil properties.
A new approach to determining fractal dimension of soil pore space from experimental data on moisture filtration
Authors: Moiseev K G , Terleev V V , Nikonorov A O , Ginevsky R S , Lazarev V A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The value of the fractal dimension of the soil structure is usually calculated by the geometric method based on particle size distributions. There is a hope to express soil-hydrophysical functions through the fractal dimension of the soil pore space found in some more direct, simple and physically independent way.
Soil temperature response to modern climate change at four sites of different latitude in the European part of Russia
Authors: Reshotkin O V , Khudyakov O I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Soil temperature is a sensitive climate indicator. In this paper, we used data from weather stations located in various natural zones of the European part of Russia to demonstrate how the soil temperature responded to modern climate change. The most intensive warming is observed at the beginning of the 21st century. The average annual air temperature for the period 2001–2015 increased compared to the period 1961–1990 by 1.2–1.4°C. The average annual soil temperature has increased in all studied soils and at all depths by 0.5–1.0°C. Soil warming is observed in both warm and cold periods of the year. However, soil temperatures have changed differently in different seasons of the year. The increase in air and soil temperature leads to a shift of the soil-climatic zones to the north.
Form and orientation of soil pores as indicators of a structural soil organization
Authors: Romanenko K A , Skvortsova E B , Rozhkov V A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work is based on the idea that the shape and orientation of soil pores are among the direct indicators of the structural state of the soil. The specific features of the quantitative assessment of the shape of pores in two-dimensional sections by the degree of its difference from the circle are considered. To improve the quality of the evaluation of the pore shape, it was proposed to use a generalized index of the pore shape F, which reflects both roundness and pore isometry. Using the form factor F, the structure of thin macropores was studied in vertical sections from the genetic horizons of the zonal loamy soils of the European territory of Russia. With the help of cluster analysis in the studied soils, 8 types of pore space specific for the main aggregative soil structures were identified. The selected types differ in shape, orientation and size of thin macropores in micromorphological sections. By means of discriminant analysis, a system of automated morphometric diagnostics of the aggregate soil structure based on the structure of the pore space of the soil has been developed. The natural genetic divergence of the aggregate structure in virgin soils and the agrogenic convergence of the structure in the arable horizons of agrosoils are shown. Morphometric criteria for diagnosing the four main stages of the degradation of the physical structure of the soil according to the shape and orientation of the soil pores are proposed.
Water retention in different types of protective gel compositions for plant rhizosphere
Authors: Smagin A V , Budnikov V I , Sadovnikova N B , Smagina M V , Sidorova M A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The research investigates thermodynamic characteristics of water-retention capacity in different types of high swelling polymer hydrogels mixed with mineral soil substrates. The use of a combination of methods of equilibrium centrifugation and thermodesorption of soil moisture allowed for the first time to estimate the water-retaining curves and dispersion of gel compositions in the range of absolute values of thermodynamic potentials from 0 to 1 million J/kg. The introduction of hydrogels in concentrations of 0.1-0.3% total weight of the enclosing mineral material leads to a 5-15 fold increase in the total energy of water retention, 3-8 fold increase in water capacity and available moisture range, bringing investigated hydrophysical characteristics of the original sandy substrate at the level of the fertile loamy soils. The new types of acrylic hydrogels with amphiphilic fillers obtained by the author’s technology had a greater water-holding capacity and a better structuring effect in comparison with the “Aquasorb” European trade mark. The incorporation of the electrolyte additives in the form of trace elements and ionic silver into the polymer matrix practically does not change the swelling capacity, allowing adding elicitor and antimicrobial properties to these compositions without compromising the effect of water retention.
Thermal diffusivity of artificial soils at the Moscow State University Soil Station
Authors: Telyatnikova E V , Arkhangelskaya T A , Umarova A B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study presents the thermal diffusivity vs. water content curves for topsoil, peat, sand and their mixture used to construct the artificial layered soils at the Moscow State University Soil Station. The thermal diffusivity of studied samples varied in a wide range between 9.2×10−8 m2 s−1 for air-dry peat and 9.6×10−7 m2 s−1 for wet sand. The smallest values of thermal diffusivity were obtained for peat, the greatest ones – for sand, and the topsoil demonstrated medium values of thermal diffusivity.
Remediation of degraded soils: effect of organic additives on soil properties and heavy metals’ bioavailability
Authors: Tregubova P , Koptsik G , Stepanov A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In a three-month experiment influence of different organic amendments (coal humate, peat-gel, biochar) in comparison with mineral ameliorants (NPK and CaCO3) on chemical and physical properties of soils at different stages of degradation has been shown. Objects of the research were abrazem and podzol soils of technogenic barrens near Monchegorsk city, Murmansk region (Russia). Festuca rubra was used as a test-culture. According to the obtained data, we can conclude that organic applicants may be suitable for remediation of soils, contaminated by heavy metals. Applicants, selected for the experiment, unequally affected the soil properties and the test-culture growth. For the most disturbed and contaminated soils – abrazems –we suggest coal humate and calcium carbonate as the most promising additives for both toxicants’ immobilization and preventing bioaccumulation. Biochar and peat-gel in the tested concentration showed a more expressed positive effect on podzol soils with a lower level of contamination. In both soils, abrazem and podzol, biochar favors to the test-culture growth more, than other amendments. The potential advantage of used organic amendments, coal humate and biochar, in contrast to ameliorants is their ability to improve the physical soil properties.
Study on The Effect of ‘Ash Core’ on the Performance of Catalysts in the Preparation of SCR Honeycomb Denitration Catalyst
Authors: Lu Chao , Zhu Yue , Tang Guoan , Zhu Wentao , Yao Jie , Ma Yanbin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The SCR honeycomb denitration catalyst will have a “grey core” during the preparation process. In this paper, the same batch of fresh catalyst is used to prepare the “grey core” and the normal “yellow core” catalysts for comparison. Through the catalyst denitration performance evaluation test, when the denitration efficiency is 88.3%, the calculated activities of the two catalysts of “yellow core” and “grey core” are 24.9Nm/h and 25.3Nm/h, respectively; when the denitration efficiency is 85.5%, the calculated activity of the catalysts are both 24.5Nm/h. Through analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst, it is found that the alkali metal content and the alkaline earth metal content of the two catalysts are basically the same. The specific surface areas of the “yellow core” and “grey core” catalysts are 58.65m2/g and 58.24m2/g, respectively. By infrared spectroscopy, the “grey core” catalyst was produced due to the deposition of carbon, and then through the wear performance test, it is found that the “grey core” catalyst has better wear performance, but the “grey core” catalyst is more brittle, when there is external force. At the time, cracks are easily generated in both the axial direction and the radial direction, which is detrimental to the integrity of the catalyst, and also poses a safety hazard to the use of the regenerated catalyst.
Coal Chemical Wastewater Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation Pretreatment Pilot Scale Test
Authors: Lei Jie , Zhou Zhenglin , Zhang Xiaodong , Zheng Rong , Li Jianhua , Bao Yuantong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A chemical enterprise in northwest China mainly produces 1, 4-butanediol, PTMEG and other chemical raw materials, with high concentration of waste water pollutants, low biochemical properties, strong biological toxicity and difficult to biodegrade. The pilot system constructed a chemical flocculation precipitation - heterogeneous catalytic oxidation-UASB-multistage aerobic-MBR system for treating BDO and PTMEG wastewater. The pilot system operates stably and efficiently, and the effluent meets the national sewage comprehensive discharge standard (GB8978-2002) grade A standard.
Environmental Impact of Mixing Biofuel with Gasoline in Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Jassim Esam I , Sphicas Panos , Jasem Bashar I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Biomass materials—such as crop and forest residues, dedicated energy crops, and plant oils— are recently receiving much attention due to their carbon-neutral emission. The process of transesterification is used for the conversion of triglycerides (the main component of vegetable oils and animal fats) to engines fuel. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has emerged as an efficient design tool to analyze engine reacting flow processes and develop next generation engines. The aim of this paper is to investigate the emissions of spark ignition engines running on a spectrum of blends of biofuels. CFD analysis of the combustion of gasoline-biofuel mixtures is implemented using ANSYS 18.2. The effect of blending different types and ratios of biofuels on the combustion characteristics in Spark ignition (SI) engine is investigated. The fuel considered for the study is pure gasoline mixed with 5%, 10%, 15% and 25% by volume with ethanol, methanol and propanol. The experimental and simulated outcome of performance of spark ignition engine is presented using different blends and percentage of biomass fuels with conventional engine fuel. Results of the study shows that adding additives to the conventional gasoline would augment the reaction rate of the gasoline, reduce the undesired greenhouse gas emission, and improve the temperature distribution in the combustion zone. The analysis also concludes that increasing the volume fraction of the biofuel results in alleviating in the COx and NOx constituents disposing with the exhaust gases.