bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tongue Entrapment in a Plastic Bottleneck
Authors: Singh Ram Rajmani , Gosrani Nikesh Meghji , Patel Tejal , Shah Khitij Dhaval 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Oral foreign bodies and perioral injuries are common occurrence among paediatric population. These may range from benign occurrences to those that may threaten the airway. One such injury is tongue entrapment into objects like plastic bottle neck. Tongue entrapment in bottle neck is rare with very few cases reported in literature.
Case Report
A case of a 9-year old mentally retarded male child with tongue haemangioma who got his tongue tightly entrapped inside a plastic bottle neck is presented. Since such cases are very rare, treatment often requires creative and novel approach to ensure safe removal of constricting object without causing any injury to surrounding structures. When conventional methods using Mayo’s scissors failed to cut open the bottle neck, we used Gigli saw wire in a safe manner to cut it open. It took a few minutes to relieve the entrapment of tongue without traumatising the surrounding structure.
Discussion
This case highlights the result of careless and often dangerous play and misadventures of children and the challenge of management. It calls for vigilance and close supervision of children by caregivers at home and at school. Early presentation, immediate intervention and treatment can prevent grave consequences.
Mucormycosis: Effect of Comorbidities and Repeated Debridement on the Outcome
Authors: Reddy Harshavardhan N , Patil Sanjay B , Channegowda Chandrakiran , Muralidharan Aiswarya 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Mucormycosis is an aggressive, invasive infection caused by ubiquitous filamentous fungibelonging to the subphylum Mucormycotina, order Mucorales. Mucormycosis most commonly affects immunocompromised hosts, but are rarely reported in immunocompetent hosts as well. The most common reported sites of invasive mucormycosis have been the sinuses (39%), lungs (24%), and skin (19%). The hallmark of mucormycosis is angioinvasion resulting in vessel thrombosis and hence, tissue necrosis.

Materials and Methods: Ambispective study of 20 cases with mucormycosis seen and treated in our hospital between 2009 and 2015 and followed up to 2017 to compare the prognosis of the cases of repeated debridement with that of single debridement and effect of comorbidities in the outcome of patients mortality .

Results: Out of 20 patients 19 (95%) received Liposomal Amphotericin B. 11 (55%) were male and 9 (45%) were female. All the 7 (35%) who underwent repeated debridement survived. Out of 13 (65%) patients who underwent single debridement, 5 (25%) did not survive. 2 (10%) patients were lost for follow up. The survival amongst the patients undergoing multiple debridement and single debridement was statistically significant (p=0.042)
Conclusion: The chances of survival are better in cases with better controlled comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus. Repeated debridement with Liposomal Amphotericin B is the most effective mode of management.
A Comparative Study of Outcomes of Type I Tympanoplasty with or without Fibrin Glue
Authors: Lakshmanan Somu , Umamaheswaran Preethi 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Various materials have been used in tympanoplasty to ensure the adherence of the graft with the remnant tympanic membrane. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of type I tympanoplasty done with and without fibrin glue.
Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective comparative study conducted in a tertiary care centre between August 2014 and July 2016. A sample size of 70 patients was used. The patients were randomly divided into two groups – Group A and Group B. Patients in group A underwent tympanoplasty with fibrin glue and patients in group B underwent tympanoplasty without fibrin glue. The patients were followed up for 6 months and the postoperative hearing improvement and graft uptake rates were compared.
Results:
The pre-operative mean pure tone average for group A was 34.33±7.3dB; it improved to 22.14±6.5 at the end of 6 months. In group B, it improved from 34.25±8dB to 22.64±7.4dB at the end of 6 months. There was no statistical significance in hearing improvement between both the groups. Though there was no statistically significant difference in the graft uptake rates between group A (94.3%) and group B (91.4%), fibrin glue had better outcomes with larger perforations.
Conclusion:
The use of fibrin glue in tympanoplasty is safe and it has a particular advantage in the graft uptake in subtotal perforations.
Medial versus Medio-lateral Tympanoplasty in Large Central and Subtotal Perforation – A Prospective Study
Authors: Khaowas Ajoy , Das Chiranjib 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Large central and subtotal tympanic membrane (TM) perforations are difficult to repair because of less vascularity of anterior TM than posterior TM and the anterior bony overhang that blocks visualization. Some studies reported very encouraging results with the medio-lateral tympanoplasty in such cases. We have undertaken this study to find out efficacy of this technique in large central and subtotal perforations and to compare the results of medio-lateral with medial tympanoplasty.
Materials and Methods:
The present prospective study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of a medical college and hospital, West Bengal from January 2013 to December 2014. Patients were alternatively divided into two groups. Medial technique was used in Group I and medio-lateral technique was used in Group II.
Results:
Each group comprised of 40 patients each. Maximum number of patients in each group was in the age group of 15-25 years. The overall graft uptake rate in this study was 95% in medio-lateral technique compared to 80% of underlay technique.
Conclusion:
The medio-lateral tympanoplasty is suitable for reconstruction of large central or subtotal TM perforation. It takes advantage of both medial and lateral grafting methods while avoiding their pitfalls.
An Open-Label Observational Trial to Evaluate the Possible Effects of Individualized Homoeopathic Medicines in Symptomatic Nasal Polyp
Authors: Banerjee Aniruddha , Srivastava Birendra Prasad , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Nasal polyps presenting with chronic rhino-sinusitis (CRS) is a commonly encountered condition characterized by nasal obstruction, loss of sense of smell (anosmia), postnasal drip, headache, and sleep disorders. Possibly 60-65% of the populations suffering from CRS has predisposition to nasal polyps. Homoeopathic literature claims to offer successful treatment of nasal polyps; but scarcely subjected to systematic research.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, open, non-randomized, single arm, observational trial of pre-post comparison design was conducted on 44 patients suffering from symptomatic nasal polyps. Sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-20) and European Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaires were taken as the primary and secondary outcome measures respectively; assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Individualized homoeopathic medicines were prescribed on ‘totality of symptoms’. Intention to treat sample was subjected to statistical analysis. Data distribution was examined. Non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test and post hoc parametric paired t test were used accordingly. P values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: Forty four patients were enrolled; 4 dropped out. Skiagrams revealed complete regressions of polyps in 23 (58%) cases. Statistically significant improvements were observed in both the subjective patient-rated outcomes – mean reduction of SNOT-20 scores by 19.9 [sd 15.5; 95% CI 15.5 to 24.2; P < 0.001], EQ-5D-5L questionnaire score by 0.9 [sd 2.6; 95% CI 0.1 to 1.7; P = 0.029]; and EQ-5D-5L VAS by 14.4 [sd 4.7; 95% CI 12.9 to 15.9; P < 0.001].
Conclusion: Homoeopathic medicines showed promising treatment effect in symptomatic nasal polyps. Randomized trials are warranted.
A Correlative Study between Chronic Tonsillitis and Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Pandurangarao Santosh Uttarkar , Ramchandra Aravind Darga , Janarthanan Sridurga 
Published: August 2020

Introduction :
Chronic tonsillitis is characterized by persistent inflammation of the palatine tonsils and seen commonly in patients attending ENT OPD. Bacterial infection is usually the cause but anaerobes and viruses may also be implicated. The possibility that tonsillar tissue possesses Helicobacter pylori or that H. pylori can colonize the palatine tonsils is explored.
Materials and Methods :
Hundred patients aged between 5-50 years of either sex diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis undergoing elective tonsillectomy and willing to participate in the study were selected. Informed and written consent was taken from all the patients (in case of minor patients, consent was taken from parents). Specimen (tonsillar tissue) was harvested from the surgically removed tonsils and put through Rapid urease test. The results were analysed statistically using Chi square test and Unpaired t test and inference was drawn.
Results :
Amongst 100 patients, 61 (61%) patients were females and 39 (39%) patients were males. Helicobacter pylori could be detected in Chronic Tonsillitis in 64 (64%) patients.
Conclusion :
According to our study, Helicobacter pylori was found to be a common finding in cases of chronic tonsillitis. Even after regular treatment with antibiotics, the chances of getting acute infection in chronic tonsillitis still persist. We can try treatment for H. pylori and look for changes in recurrence of tonsillitis and also it can be tried in patients who are not willing/fit to undergo tonsillectomy.
Benefit of Tympanoplasty with or without Cortical Mastoidectomy in Active Mucosal Otitis Media – A Comparative Study
Authors: Bajaj Anushree Raviprakash , Sheikh Shahnaz , Joshi Samir , Paike Bhalchandra 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Chronic otitis media (COM) is amongst the most common diseases treated by ENT surgeons in India. It has been advocated in lot of research articles that there is no significant difference in tympanoplasty done in active and inactive COM. The objective was to see if cortical mastoidectomy in cases of active mucosal COM, improves the success rate of tympanoplasty measured as per the following parameters: improvement in the hearing threshold by 15 dB, increased graft uptake and reduction in retraction of tympanic membrane in post operative period.
Materials and Methods:
This study comprises of 120 patients coming to the ENT OPD from October 2016 to October 2017 with active mucosal COM with central perforation requiring tympanoplasty. These patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 of 60 subjects in which tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy was done, Group 2 of 60 subjects in which tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy was done. Patients were evaluated after a post operative period of 3 months.
Results:
The Results were the hearing improvement was 73.33% in group 1 while 83.33% in group 2, graft uptake was 63.33% in group 1 and 80% in group 2, graft retraction was 33.33% and 23.33% in group 1 and group 2 respectively.
Conclusion:
There was statistically significant difference in results in group with and without mastoidectomy in active mucosal chronic otitis media with respect to graft uptake and improved hearing.
Relationship between the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and the Inferior Thyroid Artery in the Togolese Subject: Surgical Anatomy Study from 227 Thyroidectomies
Authors: Amana Bathokedeou , Foma Winga , Pegbessou Essobozou , Darré Tchin , Boko Essohanam , Kpemissi Eyawèlohn 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgeries is recommended to preserve its functionl integrity. This study aims to determine the relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerves and the inferior thyroid arteries during thyroidectomies, as well as any particularities and intraoperative complications.
Materials and Methods
Observational cross-sectional study of all culturally Togolese patients who underwent thyroidectomy with nerve dissection in the ENT department of Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital from 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2017, i.e. a period of 4 years 6 months.
Results
The sex ratio was 0.14 i.e., 7 women for 1 man and the average age of 41.82 years. Tissue nodules and multinodular goiters were the most operated lesions in 40.97% and 33.04%, respectively, with a plunging character in 17 cases. We had 306 cases of nerve dissection but the recurrent laryngeal nerve could not be found in 1 case on the right. It was globally retro-arterial (under the trunk and under the branches of the inferior thyroid artery) in 75.08% of cases with prevalence of the truncal, pre arterial situation in 16.07% and inter-arterial in 3.28% cases. The nerve was non-recurrent (type II pathway) in 1 case on the right. There was no recurrence injury. Parathyroid devascularization (5 cases) was autotransplanted. The surgeon's experience did not have a significant impact on the occurrence of intraoperative complications (p = 0.24).
Conclusion
This observational cross-sectional anatomical-surgical study supports the existing data on the relationships between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery by confirming their variability. Nevertheless, it was marked by the predominance of the retro arterial truncal situation of the nerve unlike the literature that most often reports a situation of the nerve under the arterial branches.
Otosclerosis Revisited
Authors: Srinivas C V 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Otosclerosis usually manifests as a progressive conductive or mixed hearing loss occurring clinically to varying degrees in 0.5% - 1% of the general population. Stapedectomy /stapedotomy is the current treatment of choice for conductive component of Otosclerosis.
Materials and Methods: Sixty patients attending the department of ENT of a Medical College Hospital in Bangalore between October 2012 and October 2017 were included in the study.
Results: The incidence of otosclerosis is highest in the 3rd and 4th decade. Bilateral symptoms were present in 25% and 75% had unilateral symptoms, right side being more common in our study. Tinnitus and vertigo with deafness are seen in 60% and 25 % of the patients respectively.
Ninety percent of the patients presented with moderate to moderately severe hearing loss. Twenty four (40%) out of 60 audiograms studied showed Carhart's notch. Postoperativeclosure of a-b gap to within 10dB could be achieved in 65% cases. The p value calculated comparing pre and post op results is <0.0001 and significant.
Vertigo was found to be most common post-operative complication (35%) followed by sensorineural hearing loss (6.6%). Other complications observed during the study include - tympanic membrane tears, foot plate extrusion, lax long process of incus, perilymph leak.
Conclusion: From the assessment of the postoperative hearing gain and postoperative complications, it can be concluded that small fenestra stapedotomy gives satisfactory post-operative outcome and may be appropriatein the Indian scenario.
Intramuscular Sinusoidal Hemangioma with Masson’s Lesion, Masquerading as Parotid Tumor
Authors: Deb Tanmoy 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Sinusoidal hemangioma is a rare variant of cavernous hemangioma, described first by Calonje and Fletcher, more frequently subcutaneous and commonly found on the extremities. Fine needle aspiration cytology report was indeterminate. In such cases preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Slowly growing mass is the usual presenting complaint.
Case Report
A rare case of intramuscular sinusoidal hemangioma, with typical Masson’s lesion masquerading as a parotid tumor, in middle aged woman.
Discussion
Hemangiomas comprise 7% of all benign tumors and they are benign proliferative vascular tumors characterized by increased endothelial cell turn over. They are usually superficial and easy to diagnose whereas intramuscular hemangiomas (IMH) are uncommon and deep seated and difficult to diagnose. Fifteen percent of the IMHs are found in the head and neck area and the most common muscle affected is the masseter.
Vitamin D: A Silent Cofactor for Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Hembrom Rabi , Patra Somnath , Sinha Rupam , Sen Indranil , Mandal Satadal , Chakrabarti Amit 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Allergic rhinitis affects around 50% of atopies in India. Vitamin D is related to both humoral and cell mediated immunity and its receptors are found in inflammatory mediators. This study was conducted to assess any possible association between Allergic rhinitis and serum Vitamin D.
Materials and Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted amongst 41patients with Allergic rhinitis as per ARIA guidelines attending the Otolaryngology outpatient Department of a peripheral tertiary care hospital. Vitamin D levels were assessed in patients with allergic rhinitis in terms of serum Ig-E level and absolute blood eosinophil count (ABEC).
Results
Among 41 patients, 31 patients (75.6%) had deficiency of vitamin D with mean Vitamin D level of 14.87±1.56ng/ml (normal vitamin D level-30-100ng/ml and low <20ng/ml), mean serum Ig-E level was 1040±303.83Iu/ml (normal-1.90-170 IU/ml by CLIA method) and mean ABEC 1226.77±397.89 (normal-30-350/ml).
Conclusion
Low serum Vitamin D is common in Allergic rhinitis patients. Low serum Vitamin D seems to be a significant cofactor in aetiopathogenesis of Allergic rhinitis in most of the cases.
Epidemiological Profile of the Head- Neck Pathologies in a Peripheral Referral Institute
Authors: Ghosh Sabyasachi , Saha Tarak Nath , Sen Indranil 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Head and neck lesions encompass a multitude of disorders which can be broadly classified into two groups: Benign and Malignant. Overall 57.5% of global head and neck cancers comes from Asia itself and India alone constitutes 30% of it. Therefore, it is of prime essence that need based and coordinated research for understanding the threats to the nation from chronic diseases such as head and neck cancers and ways to defy such threats should gain the utmost importance. The present study attempts to present the epidemiological profile of the patients attending a peripheral referral institute of this state with head-neck pathologies and has undergone a histopathological examination of their lesions within a period of three years period (2016-18) based on the histopathological evidences.
Materials and Methods
The accumulated data regarding the aforesaid patients as per records of the histopathological reports available in the Department of Pathology was used as the primary material and the interrelation of different epidemiological parameters were studied using the statistical methods
Results
Six hundred and eighty seven cases from the head and neck region were analysed during this three-year period. Age range was from 3 years to 96 years with maximum cases in the age group of 20-29 years (16.1%). The Male: Female ratio in our study was 1.34:1 (Males 394, Females 293). In this study, 38.8% benign, 32.46% malignant, 25.32% inflammatory and 3.3% congenital cases were recorded. Maximum number of benign lesions was in the age group of 10-39 years. Malignancies were noted to be higher in ages 40 years and above. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy observed.
Conclusion
Specific data obtained like this from histopathological records is helpful in evaluating patterns of head and neck lesions and augment the base line data of institute and the region.
Ossiculoplasty using Autologous Reshaped Incus and Teflon PORP: A Comparative Study
Authors: Choudhary Ankit , Hazra Sayan , Das Arindam , Dubey Aryabrata , Janweja Mridul , Sengupta Arunabha 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Autologous reshaped Incus and Teflon partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) are commonly used for ossicular chain reconstruction. The present study attempts to assess the post-operative outcome with these two prostheses.
Materials and Methods
A Randomized prospective study was conducted in Tertiary referral care hospital to determine which material, among autologous reshaped Incus and Teflon partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) gives better postoperative hearing result in Ossiculoplasty.
Patients presenting at outpatients’ department with the clinical diagnosis of chronic otitis media with perforation or retraction. The study population consisted of a total of 50 patients. Ossiculoplasty with reshaped Incus or PORP was performed after Canal Wall Up mastoidectomy. Hearing results were measured by Air-Bone gap in PTA after 6 months of surgery.
Results
Selecting the criteria <20 dB ABG as success when Stapes superstructure is present, Incus has 64.29% success rate, whereas PORP has 31.81% success. Extrusion rate of different prosthesis shows PORP has 18.18% extrusion whereas autologous Incus has lower (7.14%) extrusion rate.
Conclusion
Among these two ossiculoplasty materials, autologous Incus gives better postoperative hearing gain and lower extrusion rate.
Mastoid Osteoma
Authors: Hembrom Rabi , Sinha Rupam , Chakrabarti Amit , Sen Indranil 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Osteoma of the mastoid region is an uncommon benign tumor of bone. Osteomas may occur in the external auditory canals but are reported to be very rare in the mastoid region, with about 150 cases reported in literature.
Case Report
A 20-year-old man presented with painless lump behind the right ear since last 2 years. On examination a 3x3 cm tumour was present in the right post-auricular region. HRCT scan showing hyper-attenuating area close to the right mastoid cortex, measuring approximately 3x3cm, spherical, with cleavage areas between the tumour and the mastoid external cortex. Surgical excision was performed on cosmetic grounds. Postoperative period was uneventful.
Discussion
Osteoma over the mastoid region is rare and mainly asymptomatic with excellent prognosis after complete removal of the lesion.
Non-malignant Oral Ulcer: A Diagnostic Challenge to Otorhinolaryngologists
Authors: Aggarwal Neeraj , Dutta Sirshak , Choudhury Avijit , Dutta Mainak , Das Saumik , Sinha Ramanuj 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Apart from the malignant ulcers a wide variety of dermatological and other systemic conditions can affect oral cavity and often be a diagnostic challenge due to their similar presenting features and appearance. Despite being benign, some of them may be fatal if not diagnosed and treated timely. This study aims to assess the incidence of different non malignant ulcers in oral cavity and to estimate the need for histopathological examination for confirmation of the condition for proper management.
Materials and Methods
An institution based observational study was conducted over a time period of 16 months at a tertiary care institute. Total 172 cases were included in the present study irrespective of age, sex and duration. Malignant lesions were excluded from the study.
Results
The present study shows a slight male preponderance (M:F = 1.48:1) with majority of cases were in age group 20-40 years of age (43.02%). Most commonly encountered were recurrent aphthous stomatitis (27.9%) followed by erosive lichen planus (16.28%), oral candidiasis, angular stomatitis, traumatic ulcers and others. 78.5% were treated successfully on the basis of clinical diagnosis while 21.5% cases needed further histopathological or other investigation for confirmation of diagnosis.
Conclusion
Though the otolaryngologists are more concerned about malignant ulcer, there are many non malignant ulcers which can cause significant morbidity and can even be fatal and should be given similar importance like malignant lesions. Majority of them can be treated successfully on the basis of clinical diagnosis but histopathological examination may be required in some cases for proper diagnosis and appropriate management.