bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability science in education: analysis of master’s programmes’ curricula
Authors: Salovaara Janne J. , Soini Katriina , Pietikäinen Janna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSustainability science is an emerging, free-standing scientific discipline. It has introduced a new approach to both sustainability research and educational programmes, while evoking novel perspectives to stronger societal contextualization. Among several other areas of sustainability research, competencies for sustainability have become a focal topic of sustainability education research. This research explores the educational programmes and the representation of the theory-based key competencies for sustainability. Through a qualitative content study of 45 master programmes associated with sustainability science, we aim to understand what kind of sustainability competencies can be found in sustainability science master’s programmes and how they reflect the current discussions of the discipline of sustainability science and possibly drive the future education in the field. The study reveals that commonly suggested competencies including systems thinking, anticipatory, strategic, interpersonal, and normative competencies were frequently mentioned as content and learning outcomes in the curricula and are firmly present and widely employed in sustainability education. Additionally, this study identified three other clusters of competencies: diverse modes of thinking, methodological plurality, and competencies for autonomy. In addition to the contribution to education in the field by suggesting three emerged competencies for sustainability science specifically, we aim to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the discipline by suggesting a process-oriented framing of sustainability science.
Managing autonomy in university–industry research: a case of collaborative Ph.D. projects in the Netherlands
Authors: Zalewska-Kurek Kasia , Harms Rainer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research partnerships between university researchers and industry partners are becoming increasingly prevalent. For university researchers, maintaining autonomy is crucial. We explore how researchers strategically manage autonomy in collaborative research partnerships, using a framework to distinguish strategically planned and opportunity-driven behaviour in the process of selecting partners and executing research in partnerships. We then focus on the management of autonomy in setting research directions and managing the research process. We draw on insights from 14 management scholars engaged in collaborative Ph.D. research projects. Based on our analysis, we show that researcher autonomy has two facets: operational and scientific. Researchers are willing to compromise their operational autonomy as a price for industry collaboration. They have a strong need for scientific autonomy when deciding on research direction and research execution. Although they need funding, entering a specific relationship with industry and accepting restrictions on their operational autonomy is a choice. We conclude that researchers’ orientations towards practice and theory affects their choices in partnerships as well as modes of governance.
Multiple-party funding: tensions and related consequences for academic research in Europe
Authors: Link Karin , Müller Barbara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEuropean universities are experiencing increasing financial pressures. Given that governmental budgets are cut, they have to additionally rely on further sources of funding. Multi-party funding, however, is not easily managed and poses serious challenges on academic research. This study explores the question “What tensions result from multiple-party funding, what are possible consequences of the different funding strategies and—transferring the findings to the university context—how can universities establish and manage multiple-party funded research?” We conducted a qualitative single case study in a non-university research center (NRC). NRC has gone through the process of increasing financial pressure and now relies on multiple sources of financing that have to be managed concurrently. Our results discuss opportunities and threats and reveal core tensions related to multiple-party funding activities. Adopting a paradox lens allows us to transfer the insights from this case to the university context. We systematically discuss consequences for universities and academic research and suggest approaches of actively managing tensions via strategies of accepting, differentiating and integrating. We thereby contribute to the discussion how to establish and manage third-party funded research for European universities.
Families of Exposing Maps in Strictly Pseudoconvex Domains
Authors: Lewandowski Arkadiusz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe prove that given a family $$(G_t)$$

(

G
t

)

of strictly pseudoconvex domains varying in $$\mathcal {C}^2$$

C

2

topology on domains, there exists a continuously varying family of exposing maps $$h_{t,\zeta }$$

h

t
,
ζ

for all $$G_t$$

G
t

at every $$\zeta \in \partial G_t$$

ζ
∈
∂

G
t

.
Feasibility of the Bag-Mediated Filtration System for Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Kenya
Authors: Zhou Nicolette A. , Fagnant-Sperati Christine S. , Komen Evans , Mwangi Benlick , Mukubi Johnstone , Nyangao James , Hassan Joanne , Chepkurui Agnes , Maina Caroline , van Zyl Walda B. , Matsapola Peter N. , Wolfaardt Marianne , Ngwana Fhatuwani B. , Jeffries-Miles Stacey , Coulliette-Salmond Angela , Peñaranda Silvia , Shirai Jeffry H. , Kossik Alexandra L. , Beck Nicola K. , Wilmouth Robyn , Boyle David S. , Burns Cara C. , Taylor Maureen B. , Borus Peter , Meschke John Scott 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) was developed to facilitate poliovirus (PV) environmental surveillance, a supplement to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in PV eradication efforts. From April to September 2015, environmental samples were collected from four sites in Nairobi, Kenya, and processed using two collection/concentration methodologies: BMFS (> 3 L filtered) and grab sample (1 L collected; 0.5 L concentrated) with two-phase separation. BMFS and two-phase samples were analyzed for PV by the standard World Health Organization poliovirus isolation algorithm followed by intratypic differentiation. BMFS samples were also analyzed by a cell culture independent real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and an alternative cell culture method (integrated cell culture-rRT-PCR with PLC/PRF/5, L20B, and BGM cell lines). Sabin polioviruses were detected in a majority of samples using BMFS (37/42) and two-phase separation (32/42). There was statistically more frequent detection of Sabin-like PV type 3 in samples concentrated with BMFS (22/42) than by two-phase separation (14/42,p = 0.035), possibly due to greater effective volume assayed (870 mL vs. 150 mL). Despite this effective volume assayed, there was no statistical difference in Sabin-like PV type 1 and Sabin-like PV type 2 detection between these methods (9/42 vs. 8/42,p = 0.80 and 27/42 vs. 32/42,p = 0.18, respectively). This study demonstrated that BMFS can be used for PV environmental surveillance and established a feasible study design for future research.
Compost and soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi-arid soils
Authors: Brempong Mavis Badu , Norton Urszula , Norton Jay B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeAn 8-week incubation study was conducted to monitor soil inorganic nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), greenhouse gases (GHG) [CO2, N2O and CH4] and cumulative global warming potential (GWP) in dryland soil.MethodsSoil was amended with variable rates of compost (zero, 15, 30 and 45 dry Mg ha−1) and soil moistures [5% (dry), 7% (normal) and 14% (wet) water filled pore space (WFPS)] and experienced biweekly temperature transitions from 5 °C (late winter) to 10 °C (early spring) to 15 °C (late spring) to 25 °C (early summer).ResultsThe addition of 30 and 45 Mg ha−1compost enhanced N mineralization with 13% more soil inorganic N (7.49 and 7.72 µg Ng−1 day−1, respectively) during early summer compared with lower compost rates. Normal and wet soils had 35% more DOC in the late spring (an average of 34 µg g−1 day−1) compared to the dry WFPS, but transitioning from late spring to early summer, DOC at all soil WFPS levels increased. Highest rates of compost were not significant sources of GHG with normal soil WFPS, compared with lower compost rates. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 59 and 15%, respectively, as soil WFPS increased from dry to normal and normal to wet. Soils with normal WFPS were the most effective CH4sink.ConclusionOne-time application of high compost rates to dryland soils leads to enhanced N and C mineralization under normal soil moisture and warmer temperature of the summer but will not pose significant global warming dangers to the environment through GHG emissions since soils are rarely wet.
Determination of Fetal Transcerebellar Diameter Nomogram in the Second Trimester
Authors: Desdicioglu Raziye , Ipek Ali , Desdicioglu Kadir , Gumus Mehmet , Yavuz Ayse Filiz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was obtain nomogram of fetal transcerebellar diameter at 18–24 weeks of gestation with known prognosis of normal pregnancies. The study included 1236 healthy fetuses in the 18th–24th gestational week of women aged from 18 to 40 years (mean: 28.70 ± 5.26). The transcerebellar diameter, bi-parietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference of the fetuses were measured. Additionally, groups were divided according to maternal age and according to body mass index. The transcerebellar diameter of fetuses from 18 to 24 weeks gestation varied from 18.13 ± 2.16 to 26.42 ± 1.91 mm (mean: 22.12 ± 2.57 mm). Additionally, the mean and standard deviation of transcerebellar diameter and fetal parameters were determined according to gestational week, maternal age and maternal body mass index. Later, the correlations between transcerebellar diameter with pregnancy week, maternal age, maternal body mass index and fetal parameters were examined. Transcerebellar diameter was correlated with pregnancy week and fetal parameters (p < 0.01) but was not correlated with maternal age (p > 0.01). Additionally, transcerebellar diameter and fetal parameters were determined to show negative correlation with maternal body mass index (p < 0.01). Comparison of transcerebellar diameter with pregnancy week determined differences between weeks (p < 0.05), but no differences for age groups and body mass index groups (p > 0.05). Maternal age and maternal body mass index are significant factors affecting fetal development. We believe our data related to the transcerebellar diameter obtained at the end of the study will be beneficial for assessment of fetal development and identification of fetal anomalies.
Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis may represent a reproducible and practical tool to assess skeletal muscle mass in euvolemic acutely ill hospitalized geriatric patients
Authors: Sipers Walther M. W. H. , Dorge Jesper , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Verdijk Lex B. , van Loon Luc J. C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Geriatric patients with low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and strength have a poor clinical outcome following acute illness. Consequently, it is recommended to assess SMM and strength in patients admitted to the acute care geriatric ward. Bio-impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical tool to assess SMM in hospitalized patients. However, the reproducibility of this assessment may be compromised due to changing clinical conditions. The objective was to study the reproducibility of SMM assessment using multifrequency BIA (mf-BIA) in acutely ill geriatric patients.

Methods
A total of 47 geriatric patients (age: 83 ± 7 years; n = 31 female) admitted to the acute geriatric ward participated in this pilot study. SMM was assessed on three occasions within the first week of hospital admission using the Maltron Bioscan-920-II.

Results
Total skeletal SMM averaged 21.4 ± 5.7, 20.7 ± 5.4, and 20.8 ± 5.1 kg assessed at 2 ± 1, 3 ± 1 and 5 ± 2 days after hospital admission, respectively. Coefficient of variation (COV) of the three SMM measurements was 4.9 ± 4.5% with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.976 (CI 95%: 0.961–0.986; P < 0.001). Hydration status affected the reproducibility of the measurement, with non-euvolemic patients (n = 16) showing a significantly higher COV (7.6 ± 5.9% vs 3.5 ± 2.9%; P < 0.01) and a lower ICC (0.983 vs 0.913; P < 0.001) when compared to the euvolemic patients (n = 31).

Conclusion
Mf-BIA seems a highly reproducible and reliable method to assess SMM throughout the first week of hospitalization in geriatric patients. However, since abnormal hydration status may compromise reliability of the measurement, assessment of SMM using mf-BIA may better be performed when euvolemic status has been established.
Analysis of Influence of a Crane Flexible Supports, Link Flexibility, and Joint Friction on Vibration Associated with Programmed Motion Execution
Authors: Jarzębowska Elżbieta , Urbaś Andrzej , Augustynek Krzysztof 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The paper presents vibration analysis of dynamic models of systems with flexible mechanical components, friction modeled and subjected to position and kinematic programmed constraints, which can be imposed as control goals, work or service task demands.

Methods
The constrained dynamics is derived using an automated computational procedure dedicated to constrained systems. The procedure was successfully implemented to rigid system models. A class of systems composed of flexible parts and subjected to programmed motions is considered in the paper. Their motion analysis has to be accompanied by vibration inspection. The novelty of the presented approach is in the possibility of analyzing system motions and vibrations that can be induced by the presence of programmed constraints.

Conclusions
The constrained motion is examined by the example of a crane model equipped with a flexible link, e.g. a jib, friction modeled in its joints and subjected to programmed constraints. The example delivers a realistic work situation, in which the crane carries loads and moves according to the programmed constraint put on motion.
Magnetic Reconnection of Solar Flux Tubes and Coronal Reconnection Signatures in the Solar Wind at 1 AU
Authors: Burkholder B. L. , Otto A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe origin of interplanetary magnetic field that is frozen‐in to the solar wind plasma flow is clearly magnetic flux from the Sun's corona. However, the filamented structure of magnetic fields observed in the solar wind cannot be accounted for quite so simply. Given the 2 days or more for solar wind to travel from the Sun to 1 AU, some argue that many current sheets are present due to turbulence and other in‐transit effects in the dynamic plasma outflow. Alternatively, it is postulated that a “flux tube texture” of the solar wind exists as fossil structure of the corona. In this paper we examine the possible influence of magnetic reconnection occurring close to the Sun or in the solar wind on the character of current sheets observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale at 1 AU. Photospheric convection is used to perturb a magnetic carpet‐like configuration, which has well‐segmented open flux tubes defined by topological elements of the magnetic field. Flux tube boundaries in the model are defined by magnetic sepratrix surfaces which are a preferential location for strong currents and magnetic reconnection. Reconnection is associated with signatures in the magnetic field and plasma that may advect with the solar wind all the way to 1 AU. Aided by three‐dimensional coronal modeling and two‐dimensional simulation examples of reconnection layers, we examine properties of current sheets observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale and how these solar wind boundaries may relate to reconnection operating earlier in the solar wind or corona.
Lagrangian Evolution of Two Madagascar Cyclonic Eddies: Geometric Properties, Vertical Structure, and Fluxes
Authors: Morris T. , Aguiar‐González B. , Ansorge I. , Hermes J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigate the 3‐D Lagrangian evolution of two Madagascar cyclonic eddies based on ad hoc Argo experiments undertaken in April and July 2013. Eight Argo floats were configured to measure temperature and salinity at high temporal resolutions (daily and five‐daily experiments) and varying park depths (300, 500, 650, and 1,000 m) to test their performance with regard to retention within the eddies described. Near‐surface eddy properties are derived from an eddy detection and tracking algorithm applied to satellite altimetry data and a quasi eddy‐resolving (1/4°) ocean general circulation model (GLORYS2v4). Both eddies propagated southwestward from southwest Madagascar (26°S, 40°E), where the South East Madagascar Current separates from the continental shelf. During a travel of about 130 days at an average speed of 11 km day−1, the eddies experienced well‐defined growth, mature, and decay phases, interacting with the Agulhas Current at the KwaZulu‐Natal Bight (28°S, 34°E). Model‐based estimates indicate the April (July) eddy showed mean trapping water depths of 595 ± 294 m (914 m ± 107 m), volume transport about 13.4 ± 5.2 Sv (21.2 ± 9.1 Sv), heat flux of −0.07 ± 0.06 PW (‐0.2 ± 0.09 PW), and freshwater flux of 0.04 ± 0.04 Sv (0.09 ± 0.05 Sv). Peak estimates were found for both eddies during the mature eddy phase. These results highlight the role of Madagascar cyclonic eddies as transporters of cooled and freshened source waters into the Agulhas Current and illustrate the benefits of ad hoc Argo configurations for the study of 3‐D Lagrangian eddy dynamics in combination with a “state‐of‐the‐art” ocean model and remotely sensed data.
Microphysics of Snowfall Over Coastal East Antarctica Simulated by Polar WRF and Observed by Radar
Authors: Vignon É. , Besic N. , Jullien N. , Gehring J. , Berne A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe current assessment of the Antarctic surface mass balance mostly relies on reanalysis products or climate model simulations. However, little is known about the ability of models to reliably represent the microphysical processes governing the precipitation. This study makes use of recent ground‐based precipitation measurements at Dumont d'Urville station in Adélie Land to evaluate the representation of the precipitation microphysics in the Polar version of the Weather Research Forecast (Polar WRF) atmospheric model. During two summertime snowfall events, high‐resolution simulations are compared to measurements from an X‐band polarimetric radar and from a Multi‐Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC). A radar simulator and a “MASC” simulator in Polar WRF make it possible to compare similar observed and simulated variables. Radiosoundings and surface‐meteorological observations were used to assess the representation of the regional dynamics in the model. Five different microphysical parameterizations are tested. The simulated temperature, wind, and humidity fields are in good agreement with the observations. However, the amount of simulated surface precipitation shows large discrepancies with respect to observations, and it strongly differs between the simulations themselves, evidencing the critical role of the microphysics. The inspection of vertical profiles of reflectivity and mixing ratios revealed that the representation of the sublimation process by the low‐level dry katabatic winds strongly influences the actual amount of precipitation at the ground surface. By comparing the simulated radar signal as well as MASC and model particle size distributions, it is also possible to identify the microphysical processes involved and to pinpoint shortcomings within the tested parameterizations.
The Possible Responses of Polar Ozone to Solar Proton Events in March 2012 by FengYun‐3 Satellite Observations
Authors: Huang Cong , Huang Fu‐Xiang , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Lv Jing‐Tian , Cao Dong‐Jie , Liu Dan‐Dan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, we use observations by the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder and Space Environment Monitor on FengYun‐3 to analyze the polar ozone depletion during the solar proton events (SPEs), which occurred in early March 2012. The ozone distributions changed evidently with the increasing energetic proton flux (the particle energy is over 100 MeV) at the approximate altitude of 30 km. From the ozone profile relative changes, the short‐term impacts of SPEs can be distinguished from the long‐term effects of ozone season variations after the SPEs take place and cause about 4–17% of the short‐term polar ozone decreases at the different levels in the upper stratosphere of both hemispheres. In the upper stratosphere, the SPE‐related polar ozone depletion is more significant and continuous in the Northern Hemisphere but shows the short‐term effects in the Southern Hemisphere during the March SPEs. The ozone depletion responses to the first SPE on 7 March are more pronounced in this altitude region than the second one on 13 March in both hemispheres due to the “harder” particle energy spectrum.
Probabilistic Forecast of Single‐Phase Flow in Porous Media With Uncertain Properties
Authors: Jun Yang Hyung , Boso Francesca , Tchelepi Hamdi A. , Tartakovsky Daniel M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUncertainty about geologic makeup and properties of the subsurface renders inadequate a unique quantitative prediction of flow and transport. Instead, multiple alternative scenarios have to be explored within the probabilistic framework, typically by means of Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). These can be computationally expensive, and often prohibitively so, especially when the goal is to compute the tails of a distribution, that is, probabilities of rare events, which are necessary for risk assessment and decision making under uncertainty. We deploy the method of distributions to derive a deterministic equation for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of hydraulic head in an aquifer with uncertain (random) hydraulic conductivity. The CDF equation relies on a self‐consistent closure approximation, which ensures that the resulting CDF of hydraulic head has the same mean and variance as those computed with statistical moment equations. We conduct a series of numerical experiments dealing with steady‐state two‐dimensional flow driven by either a natural hydraulic head gradient or a pumping well. These experiments reveal that the CDF method remains accurate and robust for highly heterogeneous formations with the variance of log conductivity as large as five. For the same accuracy, it is also up to four orders of magnitude faster than MCS in computing hydraulic head with a required degree of confidence (probability).
MiR-210-3p attenuates lipid accumulation and inflammation in atherosclerosis by repressing IGF2
Authors: Qiao Xiang-Rui , Wang Liang , Liu Mengping , Tian Yuling , Chen Tao 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Previous studies have shown that miR-210-3p is involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, but its specific mechanisms are still unclear. This study aims to reveal the mechanism of miR-210-3p and its target genes in macrophage lipid deposition and inflammatory response, and provide new ideas for the treatment of atherosclerosis. We found miR-210-3p increased sharply in the first 12 h induced by higher doses of ox-LDL in THP-1 macrophages and then gradually decreased. MiR-210-3p mimic transfection inhibited lipid uptake and inflammatory cytokine production in ox-LDL-induced macrophages. By inhibiting IGF2/IGF2R, miR-210-3p suppressed the expression of fatty acid transcriptase CD36 and transcription factor NF-κB in ox-LDL-induced macrophages. In conclusion, miR-210-3p inhibits the expression of CD36 and NF-κB by inhibiting IGF2 / IGF2R, thereby reducing lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in ox-LDL-induced macrophages. Enhancing miR-210-3p expression may be a new strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.