bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High γ Amino Butyric Acid and Low Citrinin Produced by Monascus purpureus Serasi Strain
Authors: Suharna N , Yulinery T , Wulandari N F , Triana E , Nurhidayat N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The analysis bioactive production by Monascus purpureus SERASI strain was carried to know its potency for industrial application as herbal medicine. Previously, the fungus was cultured on malt extract agar for 12 days and harvested for inoculum purpose. For Monascus fermented rice (MFR) production, previously sterilized rice strain 24R after soaking treatment of plain water for a night was inoculated by the inoculum. Afterwards, the rice was incubated at 30°C for 6, 8, 10, and 12 days of incubation time period. The MFR was analysed for its GABA, lovastatin and citrinin content by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The result showed that the highest amino butyric acid (GABA) content of MFR was at 452 µg/g after 10 days of incubation time period. But it was decreased to 129 µg/g and 316 µg/g after 12 days and 14 days, respectively. While, lovastatin produce was at 315 µg/g after 10 days but decrease dramatically to 16 µg/g and 26 µg/g after 12 days and 14 days. In regard to citrinin, the acceptable content was reached at 0.12 µg/g after 12 days. At day 10 or 14 days, the citrinin content was higher at 13.39 µg/g and 14.18 respectively. Based on high GABA and low citrinin produces, this result showed that M. purpureus Serasi strain might be more potency for industrial purpose as an herbal medicine for anti hypertensive agent. Therefore, further study is needed to confirm MFR with high content of GABA as anti hypertensive agent.
Purification of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor from Pichia pastoris using two ninta chromatography methods
Authors: Yuliawati  , Aminah  , Fuad A M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) is a glycoprotein that stimulates the production of mature neutrophil and enhances its survival, proliferation, differentiation, and neutrofil precursor function. This study was carried out to determine the purity of recombinant protein employing two purification methods using NiNTA with imidazole and with pH gradient (without imidazole). The synthetic gene (gcsf-cmyc) was cloned into secretive expression vector pPICZαA and methanol utilizing alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoters before being expressed in Pichia pastoris SMD1168H strain. The recombinant protein was purified using NiNTA chromatography with imidazole and pH gradient. All samples were analyzed using SDS PAGE, followed with detection using coomasie blue. The molecular mass of recombinant hG-CSF expressed in P. pastoris was ∼23kD. The efficiency of hG-CSF purification using NiNTA with imidazole was ∼63%, while with pH gradient was ∼89%. Purification techniques use pH gradients gradients can be applied to avoid used of imidazole, so that it does not contaminate protein samples.
Growth evaluation of taro cv. Bentul (Colocasia esculenta L.) diploid and tetraploid in the greenhouse in response to different soil water content for selection of drought tolerant plants
Authors: Sari L , Susetio M , Efendi D , Wulansari A , Ermayanti T M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) is useful as an alternative food. This plant species is popular in Indonesia, especially at Bogor, West Jawa due to many typical foods are made from taro flour having a good market in that area. Taro cv. Bentul is one of the best cultivars having high productivity. Induction of tetraploid plants is aimed to obtain genotypes to have better characteristics in growth, productivity as well as to increase its genetic diversity. Selection of drought tolerant can also be conducted comparing diploid with tetraploid plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of taro diploid and tetraploid plants in the greenhouse after treatment with different soil water content. Diploid and tetraploids plants were produced after in vitro micropropagation. Plantlets were acclimatized in a greenhouse then they were subjected for different soil water content treatment in order to select plants tolerant to drought stress. The experiment used factorial randomized complete design. The first factor was Bentul taro genotype which were tetraploid 3.3.6 and diploid clones as control treatment. The second factor was different soil water content which were at 100% of field capacity, 50% of field capacity, and 25% of field capacity. Growth was observed every week by recording length of the petiole, number of leaves, lamina length, and lamina width. Fresh and dry weight, proline content, chlorophyll concentration, roots and stomata morphology were also recorded at 12 weeks after planting. The results showed that taro tetraploid 3.3.6 had higher growth significantly difference compared to diploid (control) plant. Diploid taro has greater number of stomata densities than that of tetraploid 3.3.6 at 100% of the field capacity. Taro tetraploid 3.3.6 grown with 50% of the field capacity had higher biomass production compared to diploid taro. Therefore, tetraploid clone 3.3.6 plant could be assumed to be a drought tolerant plant.
Screening and activity of yeast-associated with cocoa-bean fermentation against phytopathogenic yeast and fungi
Authors: Putri R E , Lisdiyanti P , Fahrurrozi  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cocoa-bean fermentation has been associated with the involvement of diverse microbial assemblages which consist of a wide array of bacteria and yeast. We attempted to screen and to identify the potential antifungal yeast from this assemblage against phytopathogenic fungi. We employed in-vitro antagonism assay using agar plug methods to performpreliminary screening from 35 yeast isolates followed by total protein production and measurement with Bradford methods. We found three yeast strains that were effective against Trichoderma sp. T009, and two moulds associated with cocoa (Penicilliumsp. Cocoa2 and Fusariumsp.Cocoa 1). The three bioactive yeast strains were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae IDI-002, Hanseniasporauvarum IDE-056 and Hanseniasporauvarum IDE-271 based on molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis. The production of antifungal protein from pure cultures on YEPG media resulted intotal protein concentration between 6.20 - 8.17 mg/L. Cell suspension showed higherinhibitory activity compared to thecell-free supernatant gave indication that antifungal proteins in the bulk fermentation was below the minimal inhibitory concentration to cause the inhibitory effect. Further characterization, purification, and optimization are still needed before the up-scale production of antifungal metabolites and its biological control application.
Characterization of α-Amylase and Protease from Indigenous Lactobacillus fermentum EN17-2 and Its Use in Tuber Paste Flour
Authors: Khusniati Tatik , Gresi Hatmaya Priskila , Amir Mellova , Rachmach Junia , Safriana Vilya , Sulistiani  
Published: February 2020

Abstractα-Amylase and protease are biocatalyst which can be used in paste flour to produce natural sweet paste flour. Production of these enzyme in Indonesia are limited, so, to increase those enzyme production, α-amylase and protease from indigenous bacteria are needed. This research focused in characterization of α-amylase and protease from indigenousLactobacillus fermentumEN17-2 and its use in tuber paste flour. Crude enzymes of α-amylase and protease were characterized. Tuber sources were cassava (Manihot esculenta) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) with wheat (Triticum) as comparison. α-Amylase activity and reduction sugar were detected by DNS methods, while protease was detected by tyrosin method and protein degradation was detected by titration. The results show that optimum activity of αamylase fromL. fermentumEN17-2 was reached at pH 5.5, 45°C, while that optimum activity of protease was at pH 6.5, 35°C. Stability of α-amylase fromL.fermentumEN17-2 was at pH 5.0-6.5, 30-60°C; while that protease was at pH 4.5-8.0, 20-50°C. The reduction sugar content of cassava and sweet potato paste flour were 13.50% and 23.70%, respectively, while that the reduction sugar content of those flour added α-amylase fromL. fermentumEN17-2 were 32.54% and 24.30%. The protein degradation of those paste flour were 0.49% and 1.17%, respectively, while that the protein degradation of those flour added protease were 1.90 % and 1.68%. The increase of reduction sugar in those paste flour were 58.51% and 2.47%, while that protein degradation were 1.40% and 0.50%, respectively. Based on the increase of reduction sugar and protein degradation in those treated paste flour, it concluded that the characterized α-amylase and protease fromL. fermentumEN17-2 was better to be used as biocatalyst in cassava pasta flour to produce natural sweet paste flour than that sweet potato.
Histology-Independent Signature Distinguishes Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease/Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Associated Lymphadenitis From Benign and Malignant Lymphadenopathies
Authors: Scott Gregory D , Kumar Jyoti , Oak Jean S , Boyd Scott D , Raess Philipp W , Gratzinger Dita A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesKikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are benign entities with histologic features that raise concern about malignancy and infection. We searched for a histology-independent KFD/SLE signature relying on only immunophenotype and basic clinical characteristics.MethodsA histology-independent KFD/SLE signature was generated using 975 excised lymph nodes with flow immunophenotyping, including 16 cases of KFD/SLE. This signature was then evaluated in 1,198 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens.ResultsThe top flow cytometry discriminant for KFD/SLE was uniform CD38+ expression on CD19+ events. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated nodules of IgD+, IgM− B cells surrounding necrotizing and activated T-cell areas. A signature combining 6 flow cytometry criteria with age and sample site had a positive predictive value of 88% for KFD/SLE, which had a prevalence of 1.6%. All 4 signature-positive FNA cases with follow-up excision were KFD/SLE. At a second institution, 4 of 5 KFD/SLE cases passed the top discriminant.ConclusionsA flow cytometry signature combined with age and biopsy site identifies KFD/SLE independent of histology, suggesting a shared immune composition and independently confirming that KFD/SLE represents a distinct entity. Unexpectedly, an IgD+CD38+ small B-cell population is a distinctive feature of KFD/SLE, suggesting a possible pathologic role for anergic/autoreactive B cells.
Evaluation of telepharmacy and the use of a gravimetric technology–assisted workflow system for remote sterile product pharmacist checks
Authors: Jean Stephanie J , Francart Suzanne J , Eckel Stephen F , Schenkat Daniel , Eberwein Samuel , Lamm Matthew , Barnes Nathan , Valgus John M , Amerine Lindsey B 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of remote sterile product pharmacist checks when used with a gravimetric-based technology-assisted workflow (TAWF) system on product checking accuracy, pharmacist review time, workload sharing, cost savings, and staff perceptions.MethodsA double-arm, prospective study was conducted at 4 pharmacy locations for a 90-day period. Each compounded sterile product (CSP) checked by a remote pharmacist was also checked by a local pharmacist at the site of CSP preparation. An anonymous, online survey was emailed to staff before and after implementation to evaluate perceptions of the accuracy, timeliness, safety, potential impact, and value of the remote process.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the numbers of errors detected through the remote process and through the current, nonremote process (P = 0.177). The median pharmacist review time in the local process was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001). Remote pharmacists in the study workflow verified 30.4% of the total number of CSPs verified in the 90-day period. Annualized cost savings were calculated to be $23,770.08. Percent agreement increased from the preimplementation to the postimplementation period for survey questions about the safety of the remote process, opportunity for workload sharing, and optimization of current workflow. Percent agreement decreased for questions about the accuracy, timeliness, and value of the remote process and its impact on job security.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that with use of a gravimetric-based TAWF system, there was no difference in the accuracy and safety of sterile product pharmacist checks performed remotely and those performed at the product preparation site. In addition, the remote process allows for opportunities for workload sharing and cost savings.
Utility cascades
Authors: Hayward Max Khan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Utility cascades occur when a utilitarian’s reduction of support for an intervention reduces the effectiveness of that intervention, leading the utilitarian to further reduce support, thereby further undermining effectiveness, and so on, in a negative spiral. This paper illustrates the mechanisms by which utility cascades occur, and then draws out the theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, utility cascades provide an argument that the utilitarian agent should sometimes either ignore evidence about effectiveness or fail to apportion support to effectiveness. Practically, utility cascades call upon utilitarians to rethink their relationship with the social movement known as Effective Altruism, which insists on the importance of seeking and being guided by evidence concerning effectiveness. This has particular implications for the ‘Institutional Critique’ of Effective Altruism, which holds that Effective Altruists undervalue political and systemic reforms. The problem of utility cascades undermines the Effective Altruist response to the Institutional Critique.
Phasic left atrial strain analysis to discriminate cardiac amyloidosis in patients with unclear thick heart pathology
Authors: Brand Anna , Frumkin David , Hübscher Anne , Dreger Henryk , Stangl Karl , Baldenhofer Gerd , Knebel Fabian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
Traditional echocardiographic parameters for the assessment of suspected cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are of limited diagnostic accuracy. We sought to explore differences and the discriminative value of phasic left atrial strain (LAS) reductions and of regional longitudinal left ventricular (LV) strain alterations (relative apical sparing; RELAPS) in CA and other causes of LV wall thickening (LVH).

Methods and results
We included 54 patients with unclear LVH (mean septal diastolic wall thickness 17.8 ± 3.5 mm); CA was bioptically confirmed in 35 patients (8 mATTR, 6 wtATTR, 20 AL, and 1 AA amyloidosis) and LVH in 19 subjects. We analysed RELAPS as well as LA reservoir (LASr), conduit (LAScd), and contraction strain (LASct) using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (EchoPAC software, GE). RELAPS was higher (1.37 ± 0.94 vs. 0.86 ± 0.29, P &lt; 0.007), whereas atrial mechanics were significantly reduced in CA (LASr, LAScd, and LASct: 9.7 ± 5.2%, −6.5 ± 3.5%, and −5.0 ± 4.1% in CA; and 22.7 ± 7.8%, −13.9 ± 5.2%, and −13.0 ± 5.5% in LVH, respectively; P &lt; 0.001 each). With an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.99], LASr showed a higher diagnostic accuracy in discriminating CA than RELAPS (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.88). LASr and LAScd remained significantly associated with CA in a multivariate regression model.

Conclusion
Phasic LAS was significantly reduced in patients with CA and showed a higher diagnostic accuracy in discriminating CA than RELAPS. The additional assessment of phasic LAS may be useful to rule in the possible diagnosis of CA in patients with unclear LVH.
Potent lipoprotein(a) lowering following apolipoprotein(a) antisense treatment reduces the pro-inflammatory activation of circulating monocytes in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Stiekema Lotte C A , Prange Koen H M , Hoogeveen Renate M , Verweij Simone L , Kroon Jeffrey , Schnitzler Johan G , Dzobo Kim E , Cupido Arjen J , Tsimikas Sotirios , Stroes Erik S G , de Winther Menno P J , Bahjat Mahnoush 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is strongly associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We previously reported that pro-inflammatory activation of circulating monocytes is a potential mechanism by which Lp(a) mediates CVD. Since potent Lp(a)-lowering therapies are emerging, it is of interest whether patients with elevated Lp(a) experience beneficial anti-inflammatory effects following large reductions in Lp(a).

Methods and results
Using transcriptome analysis, we show that circulating monocytes of healthy individuals with elevated Lp(a), as well as CVD patients with increased Lp(a) levels, both have a pro-inflammatory gene expression profile. The effect of Lp(a)-lowering on gene expression and function of monocytes was addressed in two local sub-studies, including 14 CVD patients with elevated Lp(a) who received apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] antisense (AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx) (NCT03070782), as well as 18 patients with elevated Lp(a) who received proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibody (PCSK9ab) treatment (NCT02729025). AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx lowered Lp(a) by 47% and reduced the pro-inflammatory gene expression in monocytes of CVD patients with elevated Lp(a), which coincided with a functional reduction in transendothelial migration capacity of monocytes ex vivo (−17%, P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, PCSK9ab treatment lowered Lp(a) by 16% and did not alter transcriptome nor functional properties of monocytes, despite an additional reduction of 65% in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).

Conclusion
Potent Lp(a)-lowering following AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx, but not modest Lp(a)-lowering combined with LDL-C reduction following PCSK9ab treatment, reduced the pro-inflammatory state of circulating monocytes in patients with elevated Lp(a). These ex vivo data support a beneficial effect of large Lp(a) reductions in patients with elevated Lp(a).
Separation and Identification of Chlorinated Organic Pesticides
by Paper Chromatography. XII. The Two Herbicides, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
Authors: Mitchell Lloyd C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Previous work, This Journal, 41, 781 (1958), lists the RP values for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)1 and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)2 as 0.85- 0.92 and 0.86-0.89 for the aqueous solvent system3 and as 0.00 for both herbicides for the nonaqueous system4, respectively. This paper describes a procedure which separates these two compounds.
Determination of Micro Quantities of Some Chlorinated Organic Pesticide Residues in Edible Fats and Oils
Authors: Eidelman Martin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The dimethyl sulfoxide procedure was extended to eleven edible oils and fish oils. After cleanup, the detection system of choice may be used. If extracts of samples larger than 20 g are injected into the microcoulometric detection system, halogenated background material will make evaluation difficult. In fish oils, when paper chromatography is used for evaluation, an Rf indicating aldrin must be further investigated, since it is possible that a spot at this Rf might be background material.
Rapid Colorimetric Determination of DDT in Milk and Butter
Authors: Blinn Roger C , Gunther Francis A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two versions of a colorimetric procedure for DDT in milk and butter were compared to determine which was the more reliable. Thirteen collaborators favored the version incorporating an oxidative cleanup step with average findings of 0.89 ± 0.19 and 0.18 ± 0.05 ppm for milk fortified at levels of 0.95 and 0.18 ppm, respectively; corresponding assays by the other procedure were 0.80 ± 0.27 and 0.18 ± 0.07 ppm. Analysis time varied from 2.5 to 11 hours per lot of three unknown samples plus two control samples.
Determination of Guthion® Residues on Fruits
Authors: Cox William S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The 1962 collaborative study consisted of the colorimetric determination of Guthion residues on locally purchased apples and grapes. Each fruit was “spiked” at levels of 1 and 3 ppm. Six of eight collaborators obtained recoveries of 80—106% at the lower level, and 95-111% at the upper level. Blanks were consistently low, and duplicate results were in close agreement. The method, adopted in 1960 for coletype crops, is being recommended for adoption for non-citrus fruits. Several changes in wording are recommended to clarify and shorten the method. A rapid method, based on benzene stripping of fresh fruits and vegetables, followed by cleanup with acetonitrile-n-hexane partitioning, is recommended for collaborative study next year.
Determination of Sevin Insecticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Johnson D P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Collaborative study was made of a method for Sevin, with apples and lettuce as test crops. The method is based on alkaline hydrolysis of Sevin and colorimetric determination of 1-naphthol, the hydrolysis product, with p-ni-trobenzenediazonium fluoborate as chromogenic coupling agent. Recoveries varied significantly among laboratories, types of crops, and level of insecticide. The method will be modified according to the collaborators’ suggestions, and the collaborative study will be repeated.
Determination of Piperonyl Butoxide
Authors: Munday William H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Determination of piperonyl butoxide has been extended to other grains and crops, viz., pinto beans, alaska peas, hulled rice, oats, barley, processed rice, rolled oats, and rolled barley. Recoveries from intact grains were good. However, processed grains, processed rice, and rolled oats and barley gave erratic results, apparently due to extracted plant material. A limited study of cleanup procedures indicated that plant extractives can be satisfactorily removed.
Arsenic in Foods: Collaborative Comparison of the Arsine-Molybdenum Blue and the Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate Methods
Authors: Hoffman I , Gordon A D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted on two arsenic methods: arsine-molybdenum blue procedure, and silver diethyldithiocarbamate procedure. Fourteen collaborators received six complete sets of the arsenic apparatus (including generator bottles, sulfide absorption tubes, special traps, and an aspirator assembly), two solutions of apple digests, one blank solution, recrystallized silver diethyldithiocarbamate, and directions for the procedure. A minimum of three runs for each procedure was requested; results were reported as ppm As2O3 present in the solution. The results warrant recommendation of both methods as official, first action and as alternative procedures for the determination of arsenic in foods.
Thin-Layer Chromatography for Insecticide Analysis
Authors: Walker Kenneth C , Beroza Morton 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A single, simple procedure has been worked out for the analysis of 62 pesticides by thin-layer chromatography. Rf values in 19 different solvent systems and chromogenic reagents for making the pesticides visible are presented, together with Rf values of dyes that may be used as standards.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Dalapon® Residues
Authors: Getzendaner M E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Experiments were performed to develop a method for the determination of Dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) by gas chromatography. A technique was devised whereby residues as low as 0.1 ppm can be determined by injection of a solution equivalent to 1 mg of sample with a minimum amount of cleanup; detection is by a conventional ionization detector operated at low voltage. This procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of residues of Dalapon in cranberries and bananas.