bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic and High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Systemic Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Kersten Brigit E. , Daoudi Khalid , Ende Cornelia H van den , Hoogen Frank H van den , de Korte Chris L. , Vonk Madelon Clementina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis starts with an early phase characterized by Raynauds phenomenon, puffy fingers/hands, autoantibodies and a scleroderma nailfold­microscopic pattern. Alterations in the nailfoldmicroscopic pattern are not evident in all early SSc patients. Photoacoustics(PA) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) could fulfill this need. The former can measure oxygen saturation while the latter can measure skin thickening. We hypothesize that photoacoustics and high-frequency ultrasound can distinguish (early) SSc patients from individuals with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) by measuring oxygenation of the fingertip and skin thickening.Methods: We compared measurements of the third finger in (early)SSc patients to healthy and PRP individuals. The level of oxygenation and skin thickness were compared between groups. Nailfoldcapillaroscopy was performed on all subjects.Results: Thirty-one adult subjects participated in this study: twelve patients with SSc, 5 patients with early SSc, 5 volunteers with PR and 9 healthy controls. We found a significant difference in oxygen saturation between (early) SSc patients (80.8% ± 8.1 and 77,9% ± 10.5 ) and individuals with PRP (93.9% ± 1.1). Measurements of skin thickening showed a significant difference in (early) SSc patients compared to individuals with PRP (0.48 ± 0.06 mm and 0.51 ±0.16 mm vs. 0.27 ± 0.01 mm). There was no significant difference between healthy and PRP individuals in oxygenation or skin thickening.Conclusion: Photoacoustic and high-frequency ultrasound can distinguish between (early)SSc, PRP and healthy individuals in both oxygenation and skin thickening.
Healing the Next Generation: An Adaptive Agent Model for the Effects of Parental Narcissism
Authors: Jabeen Fakhra , Gerritsen Charlotte , Treur Jan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Parents play an important role in the mental development of a child. In our previous work, we addressed how a narcissistic parent influences a child (online/offline) when (s)he is happy and admires the child. Now, we address the influence of a parent who is not so much pleased and, may curse the child for being the reason for his or her unhappiness. An abusive relationship with a parent can also cause trauma and poor mental health of the child. We also address how certain coping behaviors can help the child cope with such a situation. Therefore, the aim of the study is three folds. We present an adaptive agent model of a child, while incorporating the concept of mirroring through social contagion, the avoidance behaviors from a child, and the effects of regulation strategies to cope with stressful situations.
The implementation of remote consulting in UK primary care following the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods longitudinal study
Authors: Murphy Mairead , Scott Lauren , Salisbury Chris , Turner Andrew , Scott Anne , Denholm Rachel , Lewis Rhys , Iyer Geeta , Macleod John , Horwood Jeremy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To reduce contagion of COVID-19, in March 2020 UK general practices implemented predominantly remote consulting via telephone, video or online consultation platforms.Aim: To investigate the rapid implementation of remote consulting and explore impact over the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design and Setting: Mixed-methods study in 21 general practices in Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire.Methods: Quantitative: Longitudinal observational analysis comparing volume and type of consultations in April-July 2020 with April-July 2019. Negative binomial models were used to identify if changes differed amongst different groups of patients. Qualitative: 87 practice staff longitudinal interviews in four rounds investigated practices experience of the move to remote consulting, challenges faced and solutions. A thematic analysis utilised Normalisation Process Theory.Results: There was universal consensus that remote consulting was necessary. This drove a rapid change to 90% remote GP consulting (46% for nurses) by April 2020. Consultation rates reduced in April-July 2020 compared to 2019; GPs/nurses maintained a focus on older patients, shielding patients and patients with poor mental health. Telephone consulting was sufficient for many patient problems, video consulting was used more rarely, and was less essential as lockdown eased. SMS-messaging increased more than three-fold. GPs were concerned about increased clinical risk and some had difficulties setting thresholds for seeing patients face-to-face as lockdown eased.Conclusions: The shift to remote consulting was successful and a focus maintained on vulnerable patients. It was driven by the imperative to reduce contagion and may have risks; post-pandemic, the model may need adjustment.
Overview of Lithium´s Use: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: de Mendiola Xabier Pérez , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Vieta Eduard , González-Pinto Ana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Lithium is considered the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). Its use as a first-line treatment in BD is supported by current clinical guidelines and scientific evidence. However, over the last two decades it has been observed a downward tendency in lithium´s use in several developed countries. Based on a nationwide survey, the objective of this study is to analyze in a large sample of psychiatrists relevant issues of the use of lithium salts in BD.Methods: Data were collected through an anonymous survey sent by email among 500 psychiatrists who belong to a National Society of Psychiatry (Spanish Society of Biological Psychiatry). The survey is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 21 items on the most key aspects of the use of lithium (indication, dosage, monitoring and information for patients).Results: 212 psychiatrists completed the survey. 70% of psychiatrists prescribe lithium to more than 50% of patients diagnosed with BD. Adverse effects are the main reason not to use lithium salts. Over 75% of the participants consider lithium salts the treatment of choice for the maintenance phase of BD, both in women and men. Most of the participants (> 50%) start lithium after the first affective episode, use conservative plasma concentrations (0.6-0.8 mmol/L) and generally prescribe it twice a day. 57% of psychiatrists who treat patients under 18 do not use lithium in this population. About 70% of the survey respondents use official protocols to inform and monitor patients who are on lithium treatment.Conclusions: From the results of the present study it can be concluded that the use of lithium in Spain is in line with the recommendations of the main international clinical guidelines and current scientific literature. The first reason not to prescribe lithium in our country is the perception of its adverse effects and not the aspects related to its practical use or its effectiveness. Considering that BD is a chronic disease that has a typical onset in adolescence, the reasons for the low rate of prescription of lithium salts in patients under 18 must be thoroughly studied.
Elevated Procalcitonin and Depression As Risk Factors For Postoperative Delirium In The Elderly After Cardiac Surgery – A Prospective Observational Study.
Authors: Kupiec Anna , Adamik Barbara , Kozera Natalia , Gozdzik Waldemar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background One of the most common complications after cardiac surgery is delirium. Determining the origin of this complication from possible pathomechanisms is difficult. The activation of an inflammatory response during surgery has been suggested as one possible mechanism of delirium. The usefulness of the inflammatory marker procalcitonin (PCT) as a predictor of delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) has not yet been investigated. Methods The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the risk of developing postoperative delirium in a group of elderly patients using a multivariate assessment of preoperative (PCT, comorbidities, functional decline, depression) and intraoperative risk factors. 149 elderly patients were included. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Results Thirty patients (20%) developed post-operative delirium: hypoactive in 50%, hyperactive in 33%, mixed in 17%. Preoperative PCT above the reference range (> 0.05 ng/mL) was recorded more often in patients who postoperatively developed delirium than in the non-delirium group (50% vs. 27%, p=0.019). After surgery, PCT was significantly higher in the delirium than the non-delirium group: ICU admission after surgery: 0.08 ng/mL, IQR 0.03-0.15 vs. 0.05 ng/mL, IQR 0.02-0.09, p=0.011), and for consecutive days (day 1: 0.59 ng/mL, IQR 0.25-1.55 vs. 0.25 ng/mL, IQR 0.14-0.54, p=0.003; day 2: 1.21 ng/mL, IQR 0.24-3.29 vs. 0.36 ng/mL, IQR 0.16-0.76, p=0.006; day 3: 0.76 ng/mL, IQR 0.48-2.34 vs. 0.34 ng/mL, IQR 0.14-0.66, p=0.001). Patients with delirium were older (74 years, IQR 70 – 76 vs. 69 years, IQR 67 – 74; p=0.038) and more often had functional decline (47% vs. 28%, p=0.041). There was no difference in comorbidities with the exception of anaemia (43% vs. 19%, p=0.006). Depression was detected in 40% of patients with delirium and in 17% without delirium (p=0.005). In a multivariable logistic regression model of preoperative procalcitonin (OR= 3.05; IQR 1.02-9.19), depression (OR=5.02, IQR 1.67-15.10), age (OR=1.14; IQR 1.02-1.26), functional decline (OR=0.76; IQR 0.63-0.91) along with CPB time (OR=1.04; IQR 1.02-1.06) were significant predictors of postoperative delirium. Conclusion A preoperative PCT test and assessment of functional decline and depression may help identify patients at risk for developing delirium after cardiac surgery.
Mice Carrying a Schizophrenia-associated Mutation of the Arhgap10 Gene Are Vulnerable to the Effects of Methamphetamine Treatment on Cognitive Function: Association With Morphological Abnormalities in Striatal Neurons&nbsp;
Authors: Hada Kazuhiro , Wulaer Bolati , Nagai Taku , Itoh Norimichi , Sawahata Masahito , Sobue Akira , Mizoguchi Hiroyuki , Mori Daisuke , Kushima Itaru , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Ozaki Norio , Yamada Kiyofumi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We recently found a significant association between exonic copy-number variations in the Rho GTPase activating protein 10 (Arhgap10) gene and schizophrenia in Japanese patients. Special attention was paid to one patient carrying a missense variant (p.S490P) in exon 17, which overlapped with an exonic deletion in the other allele, because two mutations in the same gene are considered a typical genetic model of severe schizophrenia. Accordingly, we generated a mouse model (ARHGAP10NHEJ/S490P mice) carrying a missense variant and a coexisting frameshift mutation (NHEJ). We examined the spatiotemporal expression of Arhgap10 mRNA in the brain and found the highest expression levels in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc), followed by the frontal cortex in adolescent mice. The expression levels of phosphorylated myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 and phosphorylated p21-activated kinases in the striatum and NAc were significantly increased in ARHGAP10NHEJ/S490P mice compared with WT littermates. ARHGAP10NHEJ/S490P mice exhibited a significant increase in neuronal complexity and spine density in the striatum and NAc. There was no difference in touchscreen-based visual discrimination (VD) learning between ARHGAP10NHEJ/S490P and WT mice, but a significant impairment of VD was evident in ARHGAP10NHEJ/S490P mice but not WT mice when they were treated with methamphetamine. The number of c-Fos-positive cells was significantly increased after methamphetamine treatment in the dorsomedial striatum and NAc core of ARHGAP10NHEJ/S490P mice. Taken together, these results suggested that schizophrenia-associated Arhgap10 gene mutations result in morphological abnormality in the striatum and NAc neurons, which may be associated with vulnerability of cognition to methamphetamine treatment.
Pain Assessment and Management in Care Homes: Understanding the Internal and External Context Through a Scoping Review
Authors: Pringle Jan , Hockley Jo , Alvarado Sofia , Haraldsdottir Erna , Kelly Fiona 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Internationally, 2-5% of people live in residential or nursing homes, many with multi-morbidities, including severe cognitive impairment. Pain is frequently considered an expected part of old age and morbidity, and may often be either under-reported by care home residents, or go unrecognized by care staff. We conducted a systematic scoping review to explore the complexity of pain recognition, assessment and treatment for residents living in care homes, and to understand the internal and external contexts that might influence its management.Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the methodological framework of Levac and colleagues. Articles were included if they examined pain assessment or management for care or nursing home residents. We searched Medline, CINAHL, ASSIA, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar; reference lists were screened, and website searches carried out of key organisations, to ensure relevant evidence was retrieved, including grey literature. As per the methodolocal framework, stakeholder evidence from 16 local care home managers was also accessed, to undertand their current perspectives.Results: Inclusion criteria were met by 109 studies. Three overarching themes were identified: staff variables and beliefs, pain assessment, and interventions. Evidence from the review indicated a lack of training and staff confidence in relation to pain assessment and management in care homes. This was particularly the case for residents with dementia, who cannot always verbalize their pain, and may resort to behavioral manifestations to try and communicate their distress.Conclusions: This review has highlighted that training and detailed guidelines for the appropriate assessment and treatment of pain are required by care home staff. Professionals external to the care home environment need to be aware of the issues facing care homes staff and residents in order to target their input in the most appropriate way. Internal and external contexts need further examination in order to integrate recognition and assessment of pain, and its management, to the benefit of residents.
Ethnobotanical Biocultural Diversity by Rural Communities in the Cuatrocienegas Valley, Coahuila; Mexico
Authors: Estrada-Castillón Eduardo , Villarreal-Quintanilla José Ángel , Encina-Domínguez Juan Antonio , Jurado-Ybarra Enrique , Cuéllar-Rodríguez Luis Gerardo , Garza-Zambrano Patricio , Arévalo-Sierra José Ramón , Cantú-Ayala Cesar Martín , Himmelsbach Wibke , Salinas-Rodríguez María Magdalena , Gutiérrez-Santillán Tania Vianney 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCuatrociénegas is a region of unique biological, geological, geographical and evolutionary importance. It is part of the Chihuahua Desert, its current population is mestizo; however, it protects a high historical, cultural and tourist relevance. It has been listed as Area of Protection of Flora and Fauna by Mexican law, as well as a site of High Protection by the World Wildlife Fund and UNESCO. Because of its complex biological and sociocultural characteristics, we consider it important to find out, determine, identify and analyze the traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and practices in this region.MethodsBetween 2016 and 2019, seven field trips were carried out to document and photograph the knowledge and use of the flora by local people. Cuatrociénegas is a protected area, collecting botanical material is regulated, so specimens were collected in communities surrounding the city, and also in public and private gardens; later permission was obtained to complete the collection of specimens (2019-2020). The plants were identified and entered into the flora database of the state of Coahuila, as well as deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Forest Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico. One hundred and ten local residents (50 men and 60 women) between the ages of 27 and 91 were interviewed (semi-structured interviews). the cultural importance of ethnobotanical resources (cultural significance index) and its contribution regarding ethnobotany wealth in other Biosphere Reserves (Mann-Whitney test) was evaluated.Results The ethnobotanical information collected from Cuatrociénegas records 158 species and 132 genera in 57 vascular and non-vascular families, registering greater knowledge and use of cultivated species (84) with respect to wild species (74). The diversity of plants reported, compared to other ethnobotanical studies conducted in Biosphere Reserves in Mexico, is notable; the residents pay more attention to medicinal and ornamental plants. The species that presented the highest use values are Larrea tridentata, Jatropha dioica and Machaeranthera pinnatifida, three characteristic species of the desert region.ConclusionsThe particular diversity of wild flora in Cuatrociénegas and its surroundings, combined with the varied flora introduced, is an important natural resource with multiple ethnobotanical applications. The broad knowledge and use of ethnobotany are an example, that biocultural diversity (at the conceptual level) is strongly associated with mestizo groups and semi-urban rural landscapes, ceasing to be exclusive to indigenous regions.
An Analysis of Differential Privacy Research in Location and Trajectory Data
Authors: Errounda Fatima Zahra , Liu Yan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Location and trajectory data are routinely collected to generate valuable knowledge about users' pattern behavior. However, releasing location data may jeopardize the privacy of the involved individuals. Differential privacy is a powerful technique that prevents an adversary from inferring the presence or absence of an individual in the original data solely based on the observed data. The first challenge in applying differential privacy in location is that a it usually involves a single user. This shifts the adversary's target to the user's locations instead of presence or absence in the original data. The second challenge is that the inherent correlation between location data, due to people's movement regularity and predictability, gives the adversary an advantage in inferring information about individuals. In this paper, we review the differentially private approaches to tackle these challenges. Our goal is to help newcomers to the field to better understand the state-of-the art by providing a research map that highlights the different challenges in designing differentially private frameworks that tackle the characteristics of location data. We find that in protecting an individual's location privacy, the attention of differential privacy mechanisms shifts to preventing the adversary from inferring the original location based on the observed one. Moreover, we find that the privacy-preserving mechanisms make use of the predictability and regularity of users' movements to design and protect the users' privacy in trajectory data. Finally, we explore how well the presented frameworks succeed in protecting users' locations and trajectories against well-known privacy attacks.
Proliferation Ability of Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage
Authors: Zhang Changgui , Zhao Xingyu , Ao Yunong , Cao Jin , Yang Liu , Duan Xiaojun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (PJAC) has a good short-term clinical efficacy in repairing articular cartilage defects, but the proliferation ability of PJAC and the biological characteristics of transplanted cells after transplantation are still unclear.Purpose: To study the cartilage proliferation ability of PJAC in repairing full-thickness cartilage defects and the reasons for proliferation to provide experimental evidence for its clinical application.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: Twenty Guizhou minipigs were randomly divided into the Autologous cartilage chip transplantation (PJAC) group and Autologous cartilage chip transplantation (ACC) group. In all minipigs, an 8 mm cylindrical full-thickness cartilage defect was created in the femoral trochlea of one knee. The experimental group received PJAC transplantation from five juvenile donor of Guizhou minipigs (PJAC group; n = 10) and the control group received transplantation of autologous cartilage chips (ACC group; n = 10). Both groups were followed at 1, 3 months after surgery; immunohistochemical evaluation of the tissue sections Ki-67, Lin28 was conducted, the positive rate was calculated according to the staining, and the proliferation ability of PJAC was analyzed. Results: All 20 Guizhou minipigs were followed, and there was no infection or incision healing disorder after surgery. By Ki-67 and Lin28 immunohistochemistry, the positive rates of Ki-67 were (88.9±0.2)% in the PJAC group and (28.3±3.6)% in the ACC group at 1 month, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the positive rates of Lin28 were (34.6±3.3)% in the PJAC group and (7.6±1.4)% in the ACC group at 1 month, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At 3 months, the positive rates of Ki-67 in PJAC group and ACC group were (53.6±6.9）% and (1.97±0.3%), respectively (P<0.05 ) and the positive rates of Lin28 were (86.6±3.3%) and (1.4±0.3%) , respectively (P<0.01 ).Conclusion: A large animal model was established with Guizhou minipigs and the expression of Ki-67 protein and Lin28 protein in the repaired transplanted tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry was stronger than that of adult cartilage. The proliferation of PJAC within 3 months after 3 months of transplantation was stronger than adult cartilage. The enhanced expression of Lin28 may be one of the mechanisms by which PJAC achieved stronger proliferation ability than adult cartilage.PJAC technology has shown good application prospects for repairing cartilage defects.
Probing 3-d Electrical Conductivity of the Mantle Using 6 Years of Swarm, Cryosat-2 and Observatory Magnetic Data and Exploiting Matrix Q-responses Approach
Authors: Kuvshinov Alexey , Grayver Alexander , Toffner-Clausen Lars , Olsen Nils 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study presents results of mapping three-dimensional (3-D) variations of the electrical conductivity in a depths range from 400 to 1200 km using six years of magnetic data from the Swarm and CryoSat-2 satellites as well as from ground observatories. The approach involves the 3-D inversion of matrix Q-responses (transfer functions) that relate spherical harmonic coefficients of external (inducing) and internal (induced) origin of the magnetic potential. Transfer functions were estimated from geomagnetic field variations at periods ranging from 2 to 40 days. We study the effect of different combinations of input data sets on the transfer functions. We also present a new global 1-D conductivity prole based on a joint analysis of satellite tidal signals and global magnetospheric Q-responses.