bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dualities and envelopes of one‐parameter families of frontals in hyperbolic and de Sitter 2‐spaces
Authors: Chen L. , Pei D. H. , Takahashi M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider envelopes of one‐parameter families of frontals in hyperbolic and de Sitter 2‐space from the viewpoint of duality, respectively. Since the classical notions of envelopes for singular curves do not work, we have to find a new method to define the envelope for singular curves in hyperbolic space or de Sitter space. To do that, we first introduce notions of one‐parameter families of Legendrian curves by using the Legendrian dualities. Afterwards, we give definitions of envelopes for the one‐parameter families of frontals in hyperbolic and de Sitter 2‐space, respectively. We investigate properties of the envelopes. At last, we give relationships among those envelopes.
Long noncoding RNA RP11‐626G11.3 promotes the progression of glioma through miR‐375‐SP1 axis
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Mou Chengzhi , Shang Miaomiao , Jiang Meng , Xu Chunyang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGliomas are the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system and are also one of the leading causes of death in cancer patients. Recently, mounting evidence suggested that both long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs play important roles in the proliferation and invasion of cancers, including gliomas. However, the role of lncRNA RP11‐626G11.3 in glioma‐genesis is still uncovered. Results indicated that lncRNA RP11‐626G11.3 was up‐regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines, moreover, its overexpression positively correlated with the poor prognosis and advanced pathological stages. Gain and loss of functional experiments demonstrated that lncRNA RP11‐626G11.3 promoted the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells in vitro. The knockdown of lncRNA RP11‐626G11.3 repressed the tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, lncRNA RP11‐626G11.3 positively regulated the SP1 expression via competitively sponging with miR‐375. Overall, our study shows that lncRNA RP11‐626G11.3 promotes glioma progression by sponging miR‐375 to regulate SP1 expression, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for glioma.
Altered Cerebello‐Motor Network in Familial Cortical Myoclonic Tremor With Epilepsy Type 1
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Jue , Cen Zhidong , Wei Wei , Xie Fei , Chen You , Sun Haiyang , Hu Yunsong , Yang Dehao , Lou Yuting , Chen Xinhui , Ouyang Zhiyuan , Chen Si , Wang Haotian , Wang Lebo , Wang Shuang , Qiu Xia , Ding Yao , Yin Houmin , Wu Sheng , Zhang Baorong , Zang Yu‐Feng , Luo Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntronic pentanucleotide insertion in the sterile alpha motif domain‐containing 12 gene was recently identified as the genetic cause of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1.ObjectivesWe thereafter conducted a multimodal MRI research to further understand familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1.MethodsWe enrolled 31 patients carrying heterozygous pathogenic intronic pentanucleotide insertion in the sterile alpha motif domain‐containing 12 gene and 31 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. We compared multimodal MRI metrics, including voxel‐based morphometry, fractional anisotropy of diffuse tensor imaging, frequency‐dependent percent amplitude fluctuation, and seed‐based functional connectivity of resting‐state functional MRI.ResultsSignificant decreased gray matter volume was found in the cerebellum. Percent amplitude fluctuation analysis showed significant interaction effect of “Frequency by Group” in three regions, including the vermis VIII, left cerebellar lobule VIII, and left precentral gyrus. Specifically, the lowest‐frequency band exhibited significant increased percent amplitude fluctuation in patients in the two cerebellar subregions, whereas the highest‐frequency band exhibited decreased percent amplitude fluctuation in the precentral gyrus in patients. Discriminative analysis by support vector machine showed a mean accuracy of 82% (P = 1.0–5). An increased functional connectivity between vermis VIII and the left precentral gyrus was found in patients with familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1. A positive correlation between the percent amplitude fluctuation in the left cerebellar lobule VIII and duration of cortical tremor was also found.ConclusionThe cerebellum showed both structural and functional damages. The distinct change of spontaneous brain activity, that is, increased ultra‐low‐frequency amplitude in the cerebellum and the decreased higher‐frequency amplitude in the motor cortex, might be a pathophysiological feature of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Delineation of musculocontractural Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome caused by dermatan sulfate epimerase deficiency
Authors: Lautrup Charlotte K. , Teik Keng W. , Unzaki Ai , Mizumoto Shuji , Syx Delfien , Sin Heng H. , Nielsen Irene K. , Markholt Sara , Yamada Shuhei , Malfait Fransiska , Matsumoto Naomichi , Miyake Noriko , Kosho Tomoki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMusculocontractural Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (mcEDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder caused by biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in CHST14 (mcEDS‐CHST14) or DSE (mcEDS‐DSE), both of which result in defective dermatan sulfate biosynthesis. Forty‐one patients with mcEDS‐CHST14 and three patients with mcEDS‐DSE have been described in the literature.MethodsClinical, molecular, and glycobiological findings in three additional patients with mcEDS‐DSE were investigated.ResultsThree patients from two families shared craniofacial characteristics (hypertelorism, blue sclera, midfacial hypoplasia), skeletal features (pectus and spinal deformities, characteristic finger shapes, progressive talipes deformities), skin features (fine or acrogeria‐like palmar creases), and ocular refractive errors. Homozygous pathogenic variants in DSE were found: c.960T>A/p.Tyr320* in patient 1 and c.996dupT/p.Val333Cysfs*4 in patients 2 and 3. No dermatan sulfate was detected in the urine sample from patient 1, suggesting a complete depletion of DS.ConclusionMcEDS‐DSE is a congenital multisystem disorder with progressive symptoms involving craniofacial, skeletal, cutaneous, and cardiovascular systems, similar to the symptoms of mcEDS‐CHST14. However, the burden of symptoms seems lower in patients with mcEDS‐DSE.
Systematic feasibility analysis of performing elastography using reduced dose CT lung image pairs
Authors: Hasse Katelyn , Hsieh Scott S. , O'Connell Dylan , Stiehl Bradley , Min Yugang , Neylon John , Low Daniel A. , Santhanam Anand P. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeElastography using computer tomography (CT) is a promising methodology that can provide patient‐specific regional distributions of lung biomechanical properties. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of performing elastography using simulated lower dose CT scans.MethodsA cohort of eight patient CT image pairs were acquired with a tube current–time product of 40 mAs for estimating baseline lung elastography results. Synthetic low mAs CT scans were generated from the baseline scans to simulate the additional noise that would be present in acquisitions at 30, 25, and 20 mAs, respectively. For the simulated low mAs scans, exhalation and inhalation datasets were registered using an in‐house optical flow deformable image registration algorithm. The registered deformation vector fields (DVFs) were taken to be ground truth for the elastography process. A model‐based elasticity estimation was performed for each of the reduced mAs datasets, in which the goal was to optimize the elasticity distribution that best represented their respective DVFs. The estimated elasticity and the DVF distributions of the reduced mAs scans were then compared with the baseline elasticity results for quantitative accuracy purposes.ResultsThe DVFs for the low mAs and baseline scans differed from each other by an average of 1.41 mm, which can be attributed to the noise added by the simulated reduction in mAs. However, the elastography results using the DVFs from the reduced mAs scans were similar from the baseline results, with an average elasticity difference of 0.65, 0.71, and 0.76 kPa, respectively. This illustrates that elastography can provide equivalent results using low‐dose CT scans.ConclusionsElastography can be performed equivalently using CT image pairs acquired with as low as 20 mAs. This expands the potential applications of CT‐based elastography.
Joint multi‐contrast variational network reconstruction (jVN) with application to rapid 2D and 3D imaging
Authors: Polak Daniel , Cauley Stephen , Bilgic Berkin , Gong Enhao , Bachert Peter , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo improve the image quality of highly accelerated multi‐channel MRI data by learning a joint variational network that reconstructs multiple clinical contrasts jointly.MethodsData from our multi‐contrast acquisition were embedded into the variational network architecture where shared anatomical information is exchanged by mixing the input contrasts. Complementary k‐space sampling across imaging contrasts and Bunch‐Phase/Wave‐Encoding were used for data acquisition to improve the reconstruction at high accelerations. At 3T, our joint variational network approach across T1w, T2w and T2‐FLAIR‐weighted brain scans was tested for retrospective under‐sampling at R = 6 (2D) and R = 4 × 4 (3D) acceleration. Prospective acceleration was also performed for 3D data where the combined acquisition time for whole brain coverage at 1 mm isotropic resolution across three contrasts was less than 3 min.ResultsAcross all test datasets, our joint multi‐contrast network better preserved fine anatomical details with reduced image‐blurring when compared to the corresponding single‐contrast reconstructions. Improvement in image quality was also obtained through complementary k‐space sampling and Bunch‐Phase/Wave‐Encoding where the synergistic combination yielded the overall best performance as evidenced by exemplary slices and quantitative error metrics.ConclusionBy leveraging shared anatomical structures across the jointly reconstructed scans, our joint multi‐contrast approach learnt more efficient regularizers, which helped to retain natural image appearance and avoid over‐smoothing. When synergistically combined with advanced encoding techniques, the performance was further improved, enabling up to R = 16‐fold acceleration with good image quality. This should help pave the way to very rapid high‐resolution brain exams.
An AI‐based model for describing cyclic characteristics of granular materials
Authors: Zhang Pin , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Jin Yin‐Fu , Ye Guan‐Lin 
Published: March 2020

SummaryModelling cyclic behaviour of granular soils under both drained and undrained conditions with a good performance is still a challenge. This study presents a new way of modelling the cyclic behaviour of granular materials using deep learning. To capture the continuous cyclic behaviour in time dimension, the long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network is adopted, which is characterised by the prediction of sequential data, meaning that it provides a novel means of predicting the continuous behaviour of soils under various loading paths. Synthetic datasets of cyclic loading under drained and undrained conditions generated by an advanced soil constitutive model are first employed to explore an appropriate framework for the LSTM‐based model. Then the LSTM‐based model is used to estimate the cyclic behaviour of real sands, ie, the Toyoura sand under the undrained condition and the Fontainebleau sand under both undrained and drained conditions. The estimates are compared with actual experimental results, which indicates that the LSTM‐based model can simultaneously simulate the cyclic behaviour of sand under both drained and undrained conditions, ie, (a) the cyclic mobility mechanism, the degradation of effective stress and large deformation under the undrained condition, and (b) shear strain accumulation and densification under the drained condition.
Robust network function virtualization
Authors: Lin Tachun , Zhou Zhili 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNetwork function virtualization (NFV) enables on‐demand network function (NF) deployment providing agile and dynamic network services. Through an evaluation metric that quantifies the minimal reliability among all NFs for all demands, service providers and operators may better facilitate flexible NF service recovery and migration, thus offering higher service reliability. In this paper, we present evaluation metrics on NFV reliability and solution approaches to solve robust NFV under random NF‐enabled node failure(s). We demonstrate how to construct an auxiliary NF‐enabled network and its mapping onto the physical substrate network. With the constructed NF‐enabled network, we develop pseudo‐polynomial algorithms to solve the robust NF and SFC s − t path problems: subproblems of robust NFV. We also present approximation algorithms for robust NFV with the SFC‐Fork as the NF forwarding graph. Furthermore, we propose exact solution approaches via mixed‐integer linear programming under the general setting. Computational results show that our proposed solution approaches are capable of managing robust NFV in a large‐size network.
Vertebral haemangioma in a Roman period skeleton from the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Molto Joseph E. , Chhem Rethy , Maxwell Jay , Teeter Mathew A. , Sanchez Jose , Holdsworth Dave 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 50‐ to 65‐year‐old female, from the Roman period Kellis 2 (K2) cemetery in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, shows macroscopic and imaging evidence of a vertebral haemangioma (VH). The centrum of the 12th thoracic vertebrae has an expanded and lysed cortex and thickened vertical trabeculae—producing the pathognomonic “corduroy” radiological sign. Additionally, the first lumbar vertebrae shows early changes of haemangioma that are not obvious macroscopically but clear on the X‐ray and the microcomputed tomography (μCT) imaging. VHs are relatively common (>10%) benign vascular tumours in extant adult populations. Its rarity in antiquity can be explained by the fact that in most archaeological samples, haemangiomas would not be macroscopically visible because the destruction and expansion of the cortex only occurs in advanced cases (usually in older individuals). In archaeological populations, older individuals (60+), though present, are much less common, and hence, the prevalence of VHs would be much lower than that reported in modern clinical samples. We posit that in order to determine the approximate prevalence of VHs in antiquity, a systematic radiographic study of an entire adult archaeological population sample is required. A caveat to this problem is that radiological diagnosis is difficult unless at least one third of the centrum is involved, and the classic radiological signs are manifested. A review of case studies suggest that X‐rays from T4 to L4 would include ~95% of the potential cases of VHs, and if a portable μCT unit can be developed, the natural history of VHs will be better established.
The CD151‐midkine pathway regulates the immune microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Hayward Steven , Gachehiladze Mariam , Badr Nahla , Andrijes Regina , Molostvov Guerman , Paniushkina Liliia , Sopikova Barbora , Slobodová Zuzana , Mgebrishvili Giorgi , Sharma Nisha , Horimoto Yoshiya , Burg Dominic , Robertson Graham , Hanby Andrew , Hoar Fiona , Rea Daniel , Eckhardt Bedrich L , Ueno Naoto T , Nazarenko Irina , Long Heather M , van Laere Steven , Shaaban Abeer M , Berditchevski Fedor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe immune microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is poorly characterised, and molecular and cellular pathways that control accumulation of various immune cells in IBC tissues remain largely unknown. Here, we discovered a novel pathway linking the expression of the tetraspanin protein CD151 in tumour cells with increased accumulation of macrophages in cancerous tissues. It is notable that elevated expression of CD151 and a higher number of tumour‐infiltrating macrophages correlated with better patient responses to chemotherapy. Accordingly, CD151‐expressing IBC xenografts were characterised by the increased infiltration of macrophages. In vitro migration experiments demonstrated that CD151 stimulates the chemoattractive potential of IBC cells for monocytes via mechanisms involving midkine (a heparin‐binding growth factor), integrin α6β1, and production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Profiling of chemokines secreted by IBC cells demonstrated that CD151 increases production of midkine. Purified midkine specifically stimulated migration of monocytes, but not other immune cells. Further experiments demonstrated that the chemoattractive potential of IBC‐derived EVs is blocked by anti‐midkine antibodies. These results demonstrate for the first time that changes in the expression of a tetraspanin protein by tumour cells can affect the formation of the immune microenvironment by modulating recruitment of effector cells to cancerous tissues. Therefore, a CD151‐midkine pathway can be considered as a novel target for controlled changes of the immune landscape in IBC. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Illness uncertainty, coping, and quality of life among patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Guan Ting , Santacroce Sheila Judge , Chen Ding‐Geng , Song Lixin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveIllness uncertainty is a significant source of psychological distress that affects cancer patients' quality of life (QOL). Mishel's uncertainty in illness theory (UIT) proposes that illness uncertainty influences an individual's use of coping strategies, and directly and indirectly influences their QOL. This study tested the relationships depicted in the adapted UIT in cancer patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study is a secondary analysis of the baseline data from a randomized clinical trial (N = 263 prostate cancer patients). Patients were diagnosed with localized (64.6%), biochemical recurrent (12.6%), or advanced (22.8%) prostate cancer. Uncertainty, coping (avoidant and active coping strategies), and QOL (physical and mental well‐being) were measured using the Mishel's uncertainty of illness scale, Brief COPE, and the Medical Outcomes Study 12‐item short form (SF‐12), respectively. We used path analysis to achieve the research aim.ResultsPatients' illness uncertainty directly, negatively influenced their physical well‐being (P < .001) and mental well‐being (P < .05). Patients' illness uncertainty was positively related to their avoidant coping strategies (P < .001). Patients' active and avoidant coping strategies influenced their mental well‐being (P < .001). Uncertainty also negatively influenced mental well‐being through avoidant coping strategies. The model had excellent fit to the data.ConclusionsOur findings have indicated the potential of improving QOL by decreasing illness uncertainty and reducing avoidant coping strategies. Future research is needed to better understand the complex relationships between illness uncertainty, coping strategies, and domains of QOL among patients with different types of cancer using longitudinal research.
Examining the impact of cancer on survivors' religious faith: A report from the American Cancer Society study of cancer survivors‐I
Authors: Canada Andrea L. , Murphy Patricia E. , Stein Kevin , Alcaraz Kassandra I. , Leach Corinne R. , Fitchett George 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe impact of religion/spirituality (R/S) on cancer outcomes, including health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), has been the topic of much investigation. Reports of the opposite, that is, the impact of cancer on R/S and associations with HRQoL, are few. The current study sought to explore the positive and negative impacts of cancer on the religious faith of survivors as well as the associations of such impacts with HRQoL.MethodsParticipants included 2309 9‐year survivors of cancer from the American Cancer Society's Studies of Cancer Survivors‐I. The impact of cancer on R/S was measured using items from the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) psychosocial impact of illness‐faith, and HRQoL was measured with the 12‐item short form (SF‐12). Hierarchical regressions were used to examine the impact of cancer on R/S controlling for medical and demographic covariates.ResultsConsistent with hypotheses, the majority of survivors (70%) reported that cancer had a positive impact on religious faith, while the negative impact of cancer on religious faith was relatively rare (17%). In multivariable models, the negative impact of cancer on faith was associated with poorer HRQoL, both mental and physical, while the positive impact of cancer on faith was associated with greater mental well‐being.ConclusionsCancer has a negative impact on religious faith for a minority of survivors. However, when it is reported, such negative impact is indicative of poorer mental and physical well‐being. As such, it is important to identify those survivors at risk early in survivorship and provide support and intervention as needed.
Improved oxygen systems at hospitals in three Nigerian states: An implementation research study
Authors: Fashanu Chizoba , Mekonnen Tinsae , Amedu Joseph , Onwundiwe Ngozi , Adebiyi Adebimpe , Omokere Oluseyi , Olaleye Tayo , Gartley Martha , Gansallo Seyi , Lewu Funsho , Okita Abraham , Musa Mahmud , Abubakar Ashiru , Ojo Tolulope , Ja'afar Amina , Ekundayo Adebayo Abdulateef , Abubakar Mohammed Lawal , Schroder Kate , Battu Audrey , Wiwa Owens , Houdek Jason , Lam Felix 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionHypoxemia is a life‐threatening condition and is commonly seen in children with severe pneumonia. A government‐led, NGO‐supported, multifaceted oxygen improvement program was implemented to increase access to oxygen therapy in 29 hospitals in Kaduna, Kano, and Niger states. The program installed pulse oximeters and oxygen concentrators, trained health care workers, and biomedical engineers (BMEs), and provided regular feedback to health care staff through quality improvement teams.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate whether the program increased screening for hypoxemia with pulse oximetry and prescription of oxygen for patients with hypoxemia.MethodologyThe study is an uncontrolled before‐after interventional study implemented at the hospital level. Medical charts of patients under 5 admitted for pneumonia between January 2017 and August 2018 were reviewed and information on patient care was extracted using a standardized form. The preintervention period of this study was defined as 1 January to 31 October 2017 and the postintervention period as 1 February to 31 August 2018. The primary outcomes of the study were whether blood‐oxygen saturation measurements (SpO2) were documented and whether children with hypoxemia were prescribed oxygen.ResultsA total of 3418 patient charts were reviewed (1601 during the preintervention period and 1817 during the postintervention period). There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with SpO2 measurements after the interventions were conducted (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.0; 4.3‐5.7, P < .001). Before the interventions, only 13.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.2‐15.3) of patients had SpO2 measurements and after the interventions, 82.4% (95% CI: 80.7‐84.1) had SpO2 measurements. Oxygen administration for patients with clinical signs of hypoxemia also increased significantly (aOR 5.0; 4.2‐5.9, P < .001)—from 22.8% (95% CI: 18.8‐27.2) to 77.9% (95% CI: 73.9‐81.5).ConclusionIncreasing pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy access and utilization in a low‐resourced environment is achievable through a multifaceted program focused on strengthening government‐owned systems.