bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Thin Film Optically Graded Flexible Absorber
Authors: Ghai V , Baranwal A , Singh H , Agnihotri P K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Flexible near perfect optical absorbers have many applications in the field of photovoltaic, energy harvesting and defence technologies. Even though flexible absorber coatings can be easily applied on the curved surfaces with complex geometry, the experimental realization of such absorbers having high absorption capacity in the broadband range is a challenging task. Here, we report the design and fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based optically graded thin (total thickness - 750 μm) assembly which shows near perfect absorption (95%) in the wavelength range of 300 to 2000 nm. The observed high absorbing capacity may be attributed to the presence of multiscale feature size in optically graded assembly which leads to efficient light trapping and multiple scattering of incident beam. The multilayer assembly comprises layers of PDMS reinforced with iron, zinc oxide (ZnO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In addition to this, detailed fracture mechanism of fabricated absorber is studied. Moreover, contact angle study of fabricated thin film structure reveals that it is not only a near perfect absorber but also hydrophobic in nature. The ease of fabrication process combined with the excellent properties shown by the multilayer flexible assembly makes it an attractive option for industrial applications.
Design of a quasioptical scanning system for a fast mobile FMCW terahertz imaging system
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Shiva , Friederich Fabian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Radar systems based on frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) technique are used in 3D terahertz imaging setups to construct volumetric images of dielectric samples in order to reveal internal structures and defects. In some applications, a mobile imaging system is preferred, to carry to the sample under test (SUT). We have integrated a single FMCW transceiver unit with opto-mechanical components to obtain 3D information faster, compared to single-point measurements with raster scan. A scanning module with aspherical telecentric f-9 lens as an optical objective system and a galvanometer scanner mirror are designed.
Addendum: Observation-based solar and wind power capacity factors and power densities (2018 Environ. Res. Lett. 13 104008)
Authors: Miller Lee M , Keith David W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
‘Observation-based solar and wind power capacity factors and power densities’ (Miller and Keith 2018 Environ. Res. Lett.
13 104008) contained a methodological error in how we estimated wind plant area, leading to an underestimate of wind power densities. The method and revised results were published as a Corrigendum (Miller and Keith 2019 Environ. Res. Lett.
14 079501). Given the importance of these estimates to energy policy, here in this Addendum, we expand on these corrected results, while also describing the public release of data to allow verification by third-parties. Specifically, here we: (1) illustrate our method by showing in greater detail how it works for the 2 wind power plants from figure 1 of the original study, (2) identify potential selection biases in the sampling of wind power plants used in our study, (3) provide a comparative overview of the various prior published estimates in graphical form, and, (4) conclude with a description of the data we are releasing publicly.
Soil physico-chemical properties are critical for predicting carbon storage and nutrient availability across Australia
Authors: Li Jinquan , Nie Ming , Powell Jeff R , Bissett Andrew , Pendall Elise 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Soil carbon and nutrient availability play crucial roles in ecosystem sustainability, and they are controlled by the interaction of climatic, biotic, and soil physico-chemical variables. Although soil physico-chemical properties have been recognized as vital variables for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrients, their relative influence across broad geographical scales has yet to be evaluated when simultaneously considering many other drivers. Using boosted regression tree and structural equation modelling analyses of observations from topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (20–30 cm) at 628 sites across Australia, we investigated the effects and relative influence of climate (mean annual temperature and aridity index), plant productivity, soil biodiversity (bacterial and fungal richness), and soil physical (clay and silt) and chemical (pH and iron) properties on SOC content and nutrient availability (i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Among these variables, we found that soil physico-chemical properties primarily predicted the continent-scale SOC storage and nutrient availability. In contrast, climate, plant productivity, and soil biodiversity played relatively small roles. The importance of physico-chemical properties was evident across soil depths and ecosystem types (i.e. tropical, temperate, arid, and cropland). Our findings point to the need to better understand the role of soil physico-chemical properties in soil carbon and nutrient cycling and including these variables in predictions of SOC and nutrient dynamics at the ecosystem to continental scale.
The addition of tobacco stem powder in the cassava peels biodegradable plastic
Authors: Muhaimin M , Lindriati T , Rusdianto A S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Plastic waste has become an environmental problem for all countries. People dispose goods made of plastic causing a build-up of waste because it is difficult to degrade. For this reason, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly plastics known as biodegradable plastics. This study used starch extracted from cassava peel as base material and tobacco stem powder as a natural reinforcement. Beside the cassava peel starch and tobacco stem powder, glycerol is needed as plasticizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tobacco stem powder and glycerol addition variations on the mechanical properties. This study is designed using a completely randomized design with two factors and three replication. The parameters observed were mechanical properties (thickness, tensile strength, elongation, modulus young) and the morphology of thickness. The results show that the addition of tobacco stem powder and glycerol had a significant effect on mechanical properties. The addition of tobacco stem powder and glycerol could increase the thickness value of biodegradable plastic between 0.173-0.283 mm. The elongation value obtained were inverse with the tensile strength value. The modulus young value was between 0.08-0.81 MPa.
Effect of zeolite concentration and preheating temperature on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] juice clarification as liquid sugar manufacturing raw material
Authors: Ali D Y , Yuwono S S , Istianah N , Rahman M H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sorghum juice can be used as raw material for producing liquid sugar. Impurity matters are one of the problems in producing liquid sugar that can affect the final product. The goal of clarification is to remove suspended and turbid particles and to allow subsequent concentration in a viable liquid sugar product using standard commercial evaporation technologies. This research aims to determine the optimum concentration of zeolite and the preheating temperature for removing impurities matters in the clarifying process. This study used a Randomized Block Design method with two factors, namely zeolite concentration factor with three levels (1.5%, 3%, 4.5%) and preheating temperature with three levels (60°C, 75°C, 90°C). The results show that the purification process with these two factors manages to clarify sorghum juice well. The best results of the purification process are obtained at 4.5% zeolite concentration and 90°C preheating temperature, with the results of remaining starch content of 0.754 ± 0.041%, protein content of 0.13 ± 0.007%, ash content of 1.198 ± 0.0028%, pH value 5 ± 0.1, turbidity of 9.14 ± 0.21 NTU, total dissolved solids 21.20 ± 0.4 Brix, density of 1.0708 ± 0.0026 gr / ml, brightness (L*) of 46.239 ± 1.16, redness (a*) of -0.694 ± 0.22, and yellowness (b*) of 25.91 ± 0.48.
Fatliquoring process on tuna fish skin tanning for the shoe upper leather
Authors: Suparno O , Saputra A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fatliquoring is a part of tanning process, which is penetrating the fatliquoring agent into leather’s empty cells. The process changes the physical characteristics of leather, which make it softer, more elastic, flexible, and give smooth grain surface. This study is conducted to investigate the effects of type and dosage of fatliquors on the physical properties of tuna skin leather for the shoe upper. The types of fatliquors used are natural and synthetic, and the dosages are 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. Thickness increase, tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and organoleptic properties of the leather are investigated. Based on this study, the types of fatliquor significantly affect the tear strength and elongation at break. The dosages of fatliquor which are nested in the type of fatliquor significantly affect tear strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The best treatment in this study is synthetic fatliquor with dosage of 3%. The treatment produced leather with thickness increase of 32.4%, tear strength of 95.3 N/mm, tensile strength of 27.9 N/mm2, elongation at break of 45.3%, dark brown colour, smooth feel or handle, and good flexibility.
Theoretical calculation and experimental validation of ammonium molybdate concentration for fruit ripeness indicator label
Authors: Warsiki E , Iskandar A , Ghiyas H M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is indicated from the previous research that indicator label of fruits ripeness made from ammonium molybdate does not change color according to fruit maturity. The color change in the ripeness indicator label is due to the reaction between ethylene gas (C2H4) emitted from fruits and ammonium molybdate [(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O] added into the label. The reaction produces molybdenum blue that turns the color of ammonium molybdate from yellow to blue. This research is approached based on the theoretical calculation of the requirement of ammonium molybdate as a change color in the label and then it is validated in the laboratory. Theoretical calculations of ammonium molybdate reaction with ethylene gas are based on stoichiometry. The result shows that 1 gram of ammonium molybdate reacts with 0.136 gram ethylene gas. The oxidation number of Mo decreased from Mo(VI) in the form of [Mo8O26]4- to Mo(V) in the form of [Mo8O22(H2O)2]4-. The experimental validation in this study is carried out by exposing the label containing ammonium molybdate with ethylene gas into tightly closed jar. At the beginning of the storage, the label was yellow but at the end of the storage, the label color changed to reddish brown either for the sample exposed with ethylene or without ethylene. This research is continued by increasing the RH of the jar to 85% and the result shows that the label turned green at the end of storage. The performance of the label as ripeness indicator is also tested by sticking label in the jar where 1 kg of banana had been previously stored. The label indicates change in color from yellow to dark blue thus it is concluded that the label resulted from this research is potential to be used as ripeness indicator for fruits.
Potentiality of ethanol curcumin extract as biosensor for detection of sodium tetraborate
Authors: Wulandari A , Sunarti T C , Fahma F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sodium tetraborate in foods is very dangerous and fatal if consumed continuously even if only in small quantities. Because the dangers of sodium tetraborate in food products for health, it is necessary to detect this chemical. Bioactives from local resource such as curcumin are natural ingredients that produce color with certain specificity. Curcumin is extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in ethanol crude extract. The change color of curcumin against certain chemical that contain boron make this bioactive potential to be developed as biosensor to detect sodium tetraborate. The result showed that the curcumin had visual LOD of 50 ppm in the range 50-500 ppm of sodium tetraborate. The curcumin detection time for sodium tetraborate was 1-2 minutes. Curcumin has good selectivity against sodium tetraborate, its performance was not interfered with the presence of other chemicals (sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, formalin, and sodium cyclamate). The selectivity and sensitivity of curcumin to sodium tetraborate are the basic information in the development of biosensor. Therefore, curcumin is highly potential to be developed as a biosensor to detect sodium tetraborate in food products.
The improvement on physical and mechanical properties of particle board from jatropha press cake
Authors: Yani M , Fahmi F , Fahma F , Kartika I A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Jatropha press cake (Jatropha curcas L) has high crude fiber which is potential to be utilized as raw material for particle board production. The objective of this study is to assess the physical and mechanical properties of Jatropha press cake particle board and effect of addition of paraffin and sago starch to improve the quality of particle board. The paraffin was added at 0, 1, and 3%, and the sago starch was added at 6, 8, and 10%. The physical and mechanical properties of particle board product were evaluated. The density of particle board ranged at 0.84-0.95 g/cm3, moisture content 4.56-6.19%, the thickness-swelling for 2h and 24h by soaking in water were 11.67-20.12% and 16.22-25.70%, respectively. The water absorption of particle board for 2h and 24h by soaking in water were 48.74-62.20% and 63.10-72.75%. The Modulus of Rupture (MoR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) of particleboard were 19.70-97.44 kgf/cm2 and 1552-7235 kgf/cm2, respectively. The addition of paraffin and sago starch can improve the physical and mechanical properties of particle board. The particle board with paraffin addition of 3% and sago starch of 10% passes the MoR in accordance with Japan Industrial Standard (JIS) of A 5908:2003.
Production and characterization of synbiotic kefir cow milk with addition of Dioscorea esculenta puree
Authors: Kartika  , Rahayuningsih M , Setyaningsih D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Kefir is an acidic, alcoholic, and carbonate-flavored milk product, wich is widely consumed in the Caucasian region. Kefir is produced through natural fermentation of milk from cows, goats, or sheep with a combination of lactic organisms and yeast on kefir seeds or kefir grains. The type of bacteria and yeast used in the manufacture of kefir is Lactobacillus sp. and Saccharomyces. Kefir is a natural probiotic and is classified as a functional food. In addition, a well-known functional food is synbiotic, which is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. One agricultural commodity that contains prebiotics is Dioscorea esculenta. In this research, synbiotic cow milk kefir was made by adding Dioscorea esculenta puree which aims to get a superior kefir product by adding Dioscorea esculenta puree to kefir, with the parameters of titrated acid total, pH value, viscosity, and growth of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The results showed that the selected synbiotic kefir formulation was kefir with the addition of 8% Dioscorea esculenta puree with a fermentation time of 28 hours and had the following characteristics: titrated acid total 1.07%, pH value 3.87, viscosity 1231.37cp, lactic acid bacteria total 10.13 log CFU / ml and yeast total 9.08 log CFU / ml. The results of this analysis had fulfilled the CODEX standard No.243 of 2003.
Acetylated sago starch-based antimicrobial edible film
Authors: Rusmawati D A , Yuliasih I , Sunarti T C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSago starch has potential to be used as the material of edible film packaging. However, the use of native starch has a limitation due to the hydrophilic character. Modified sago starch with acetylation can improve the characteristics of native starch. Most of the food contamination can be found in the surface area of the product. Antimicrobial compounds such as chitosan or garlic extract can be added to the edible film so it can protect the product from contamination. The experiments investigated the effect of acetate sago starch (3, 4, 5%) on the physical and mechanical properties of edible film. From the best formulation of edible film-making, the antimicrobial compounds were added. There were two antimicrobial compounds, garlic extract and chitosan; and three levels of chitosan concentration (0; 15; and 30%) and garlic extract (0; 0.2; and 0.4%). Each antimicrobial activity was carried out by in vitro assay using the disk diffusion method (diameter 5 mm). The best edible film resulted from 4% starch acetate with high tensile strength (1.635 MPa) and elongation (49.101%) values. The edible film with the addition of 0.4% garlic extract has the highest inhibitory activity againstEscherichia coli(21.40 mm) and againstSalmonella typhi(28.20 mm).
The effect of sprinkler irrigation system on shallot growth and yields in dry land of Sigi district
Authors: Muchtar  , Padang IS , Syafruddin  , Saidah  , Rahardjo YP 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) cultivation is conducted on dry land and requires irrigation. A pressurized irrigation system which is highly water efficiency was suitable in on dry land. The study purpose is to determined irrigation system effect on the growth and yield of shallot. The research location was Kotarindau Village, Dolo subdistrict, Sigi in April-June 2019. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in 3 (three) treatment of irrigation systems (I1 = permanent sprinkler irrigation, I2 = portable sprinkler irrigation and I3 = conventional irrigation) in 5 (five) repetitions. The shallot variety is Tajuk. Observations were plant height, tillers, plants and tubers in fresh weight, plants and tubers in dry weight, and yields. Data were analyzed using variance at 5% and DMRT test. The results showed that the application of permanent sprinkler irrigation systems (except plant height and number of tillers) gave the best results when compared to portable sprinkler watering systems and conventional irrigation.
Growth and yields performance of true shallot seed (TSS) in dry land of Sigi district
Authors: Saidah  , Muchtar  , Wahyuni A N , Padang I S , Rahardjo Y P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The alternative solution to the lack of availability of shallot tuber as planting material is TSS (True Seed of Shallot) technology. The purpose of the study is to determine the growth and yield of several seed shallots (TSS) varieties grown on dry land in Sigi, Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted on farmers’ land in Kotarindau Village, Dolo subdistrict, Sigi from June to October 2018. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in 4 (four) varieties of Bima, Trisula, Lokananta and Sanren in 5 (five) replications. Observations included plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump, tuber weight per clump, and productivity (t/ha). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5%. The results show that the Lokananta variety provide the best growth and yield on all parameters observed (plant height = 36.22 cm, number of leaves = 12.56, number of tubers per clump = 2.44 tubers, tuber weight per clump = 40.43 g and productivity 21.84 t/ha) compared to three other varieties.
Analysis of water and electricity consumption of urea fertilizer industry: case study PT. X
Authors: Fiamelda L , Suprihatin  , Purwoko  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Urea fertilizer industry is one of the many industry sectors that require water and electrical energy. The use of water in the fertilizer industry increases with the increasing demand for fertilizers. Therefore, to meet the needs of water and electricity, fertilizer industry builds river water treatment plants into clean water by using coagulation, flocculation and filtration. Unit power plant using gas turbines with natural gas fuel with a total design capacity of 67 MW. The purpose of this study was to estimate the consumption of water and electricity in urea fertilizer industry. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. This study showed total urea production in 2018 amounted to 2,170,100 tons with total water consumption by 27,742,225.4 m3 (equivalent 12.8 m3/ton of urea) and electricity consumption amounted to 376,979,956 kWh (equivalent to 173 kWh/ton urea). The result of highest percentage of water allocation is 45% for the process unit and electricity allocation is 36% for the utility unit.
Analysis and design of crowdfunding investment system as financing alternative for patchouli production in Aceh
Authors: Qalby N , Rusli M S , Anggraeni E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aceh patchouli is the best patchouli which contains patchouli alcohol above 30%. The demand for Aceh patchouli is quite high and it has been exported to many countries such as United States, India, Singapore, France, and Spain. However, despite its high demand, the high capital required to cultivate the patchouli causes the farmers to have less enthusiasm about cultivating the patchouli. Recently, there is an alternative way to get the fund more efficiently compared to traditional funds like banking loans, called crowdfunding. This article aims to uncover the potential of crowdfunding as an alternative to financing patchouli production in Aceh and to describe the business process model of the crowdfunding investment system. A literature study shows that crowdfunding can be used as an alternative financing patchouli production in Aceh. System analysis using BPMN is able to illustrate the business process in a crowdfunding investment system for patchouli products. The interaction between stakeholders involved is briefly described in BPMN.
A causal loop analysis for sustainable supply of apple juice product
Authors: Rayesa N F , Retnoningsih D , Aprilia A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContinuity of apple juice supply in Kota Batu in the future is not easy to predict. This research develops a conceptual framework of dynamic system as a strategic tool to ensure sustainability of apple juice supply. It comprises of two steps. First, related triggers are identified. This generates apple juice supply chain into three subsystems, there are supply, demand, and production sub-systems. Second, identifying the interactions between variables of integrated system and eventually supplying feedback. Data and information were collected by interview to related stakeholders. System was designed by conceptualization using cause and effect diagrams (CLD) based on apple juice supply chain configurations that have been obtained. CLD was used to for transformation of obtained interview results. Result shown supply chain of apple juice in Kota Batu consist of 4 tiers. The relationship of feedback between variables then divided into 3 sub-systems. The proposed framework could be used to model the operation of the supply chain network under study and obtain a true reflection of its behaviour in future research.