bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing Experience for Undergraduate Nursing Students to Care for Older Adults: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pariseault Christine , Whitehouse Christina , O’Connor Melissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Care of the older adult can be complex and frequently influenced by ageism. Nursing students do not have the frequent opportunity to provide care for older adults. The purpose of this pilot study was to expose sophomore nursing students to older adults earlier and more often in the undergraduate curriculum by providing a unique clinical experience at St. Thomas of Villanova Monastery, a residential facility for retired Augustinian priests. This study examines the experience of students’ participation in this clinical experience. Qualitative content analysis of 12 student logs was conducted. Themes that emerged included: age-related changes, environmental considerations, psychosocial needs and changes, and consideration of gerontology as a career choice and existing bias. Students gained a valuable understanding of the unique age-related changes that older adults are experiencing. Early experiences are vital in the curriculum and provide enhanced engagement in gerontology.
Adapting Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health for Dementia-Capable Services
Authors: Spencer Mindi , Miller Maggi , Jahries Diana , Davis James , Spencer S Melinda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The overall goal of the PRISMA Health - REACH (PH-REACH) project was to reduce caregiver burden and improve caregiving skills among caregivers of community-living Alzheimer's disease and related dementia patients and, as a result, improve care and quality of life for both the patients and their caregivers. This evidence-based, person-centered program emphasizes positive aspects of caregiving and provides tools to improve stress management, caregiver self-care, and coping skills for managing problem behaviors. PH-REACH provided in-home caregiver training, support, and service referral to 126 caregivers in the Greenville area. Trained coaches delivered the program to caregivers of persons with moderate to severe dementia in its original format but later adapted it to better fit the caregivers’ needs. Analysis of pre- and post-test data showed that both the standard and adapted interventions provided benefits across multiple caregiver outcomes, including reduced caregiver burden, ability to manage disruptive behaviors of the care recipient, increased caregiver self-efficacy, reduced depression, and a slight improvement in the number of chronic health conditions. This supports and expands on previous research that has demonstrated the ability of this program to translate across different community-based and clinical settings. The tailored version of PH-REACH succeeded in assisting these caregivers, meeting them where they were in their caregiving journey, and provided measurable benefits to both their mental and physical health. Overall, this project provided evidence of the utility of the PH-REACH intervention and laid the groundwork to extend caregiver training and support to other institutions, both inside and outside the health system.
Are Quality-of-Life Scores Stable and Sensitive Over Time for Nursing Home Residents With and Without Dementia?
Authors: Shippee Tetyana , Qin Xuanzi , Baker Zachary , Jarosek Stephanie , Woodhouse Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The proportion of older adults with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) in nursing homes (NHs) has been increasing over time and creates a mandate to meaningfully examine their care. There is also a growing recognition that person-centered measures are important for dementia care, and consensus about the need to maximize residents’ quality of life (QoL). Yet, because QoL is fundamentally subjective, and residents with ADRD experience declines in cognitive function, their ability to make complex judgements about QoL has been questioned. This presentation will longitudinally assess whether QoL scores for residents with ADRD are stable and sensitive over time compared to those without ADRD. We use 2012-2015 Minnesota Resident Quality of Life and Satisfaction with Care Survey data, which contain in-person resident responses from a random sample of residents of all Medicare/Medicaid certified NHs in the state, about 40% of whom have AD/ADRD. These data were linked to the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0. and facility characteristics data. The final sample contained 12,949 cohort-resident pairs, 8,803 unique residents, and 3,120 residents participated in more than two surveys. QoL scores of residents with and without ADRD were similarly stable over time and sensitive to health status change. We also found that stability of QoL scores may be driven by cognitive impairment as opposed to ADRD diagnoses. Thus, self-report QoL scores can also represent the QoL status for nursing home residents with ADRD diagnoses, and residents with ADRD diagnoses shouldn’t be excluded from quality of life surveys based on ADRD diagnoses.
Building Community Space for Supporting Residents Living With Dementia in a Housing Complex District in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Sugiyama Mika , Okamura Tsuyoshi , Miyamae Fumiko , Edahiro Ayako , Ogawa Madoka , Inagaki Hiroki , Ura Chiaki , Awata Shuichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is estimated that by 2025 the number of people with dementia will reach around 600 thousand, approximately one out of five in the older population in Tokyo, Japan. At the same time, the number of older people living in a single, couple household is expected to increase. We built a community space for older people in the largest housing complex district in Tokyo, and with the goal of creating a dementia friendly community (DFCs). In this study, we used the community-based participatory research approach to create a model of an inclusive community space with a human-rights-based approach, which is embodied in the PANEL framework by the Alzheimer Scotland organization. The community space where everyone, regardless of with or without dementia, can freely spend their time, and seek consultation on healthcare and older care. It also serves as a Dementia Café, where people with dementia can get together and chat. Places open 3 days a week. Those users can casually seek consultation by physicians, health nurses and psychologists. From April 1, 2017 to March 30, 2018, the average number of visitors was 11.6. Number of consultation was 182 times (female 81.3%, 80s’ =31.3%; 70s’ =23.1%). Historically, service delivery for the people with dementia was hospital-based in japan, but our community space established a new method to provide consultation to people with dementia, from a professional perspective, and to cooperate with appropriate social resources and related organizations as needed.
The Influence of Verbatim Versus Gist Formatting on Younger and Older Adults’ Information Acquisition
Authors: Nolte Julia , Loeckenhoff Corinna , Reyna Valerie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is well-established that pre-decisional information seeking decreases with age (Mata & Nunes, 2010). However, it is still unknown whether age differences in information acquisition are influenced by the type of information provided. Fuzzy-trace theory suggests that decision makers prefer gist-based over verbatim-based processing, and that this preference increases across the lifespan. Therefore, we hypothesized that age differences arise when presenting participants with verbatim details (such as exact numbers) but not gist information (such as ”extremely poor” or “good”). In a lab-based experiment, 68 younger adults and 66 older adults completed a gist-based and a verbatim-based search task before making health insurance choices. Younger and older adults reviewed similar amounts of information in either condition. In line with Fuzzy-trace theory, however, older adults sought more information when presented with gist rather than verbatim information. The role of age-associated covariates and implications for decision-making will be discussed.
Evolution of Public Knowledge About Dementia Causes and Symptoms: A Gender Perspective
Authors: Santos Pedro , Paul Constanca , Silva Cláudia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The research objective is to monitor the evolution of public knowledge about dementia causes and symptoms, over a three-year period and by gender. The survey was made available at the Directorate-General of Health website and disseminated by email to relevant health and social stakeholders and through social networks, in 2015 and 2018. Respondents (n=1478 and 1716, respectively), included mostly women (79.4% and 83.3%). In both years, respondents showed a higher knowledge on symptoms than on causes. Total knowledge about symptoms and combined knowledge scores were higher in 2018 compared to 2015 (p=.012 and p=.0.2), respectively). “Neurological brain changes" were considered the main causes of dementia, by both genders in 2015 and in 2018 (&gt;80% of respondents), with an increase in relative frequency being observed only for women (p=.039). “Psychiatric disease” and "drug consumption" are now less regarded as causes of dementia by both genders, with significant change over time also among women (p=.006 p=.001). On the contrary, in the last survey more women (+3.7%; p=.049) and men (+9.3%; p=.022) considered “stress” as main cause of dementia. “Confusion and disorientation”, “wandering and getting lost”, “difficulty managing and paying bills”, ”difficulty remembering things from the day before”, and “difficulty managing daily tasks”, were considered the most common symptoms, but only the last two significantly increased in 2018 (p=.018 and p=.000). Women knowledge increased regarding more causes and more symptoms compared to men. These findings will help to inform public debate and decision-making on gender-based policies to address awareness and stigma about dementia.
Decade Review of Social Support in Family Gerontology: Methods, Theories, and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Seidel Amber , Yorgason Jeremy , Humble Áine , Humphris Roxanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social support has a rich foundation in family gerontology benefiting older adults, such as bolstering mental health, decreasing social isolation, and connecting them in families and communities. This study draws from a decade review of 995 empirical articles focusing on family gerontology from 13 of the top journals in gerontology, family, and relationships. Of the 995 articles, 86 were coded as social support or social network. Of these 86 articles, less than 3% included dyadic analyses, 95% were quantitative with just over 30% longitudinal. Over 30 different theories were identified with many building their work off multiple theories. Two key theories appear in over 30% of the articles, social support and socioemotional selectivity. Only 4% did not cite any theoretical framework. Overall, this presentation will review the methods, theories, and key findings of the social network/social support subtheme of a decade review of family gerontology and identify related gaps.
Aging in Rural Communities: Advocacy Does Matter
Authors: Wiese Lisa , Holley Lyn , Guest M Aaron 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Disparities in health care information and access often experienced by rural residents exacerbate health risks of older adults. The purpose of this symposium is to highlight efforts in varied rural settings to develop new information that contributes to identifying, assessing, and addressing the causes of these disparities, thus informing and strengthening advocacy and intervention. Mi and Ma address an unmet need for the description of challenges related to the extensive migration of Chinese rural workers and their families (46 million increase since 2011) that has exacerbated disparity of Social Security access. They describe barriers to establishing eligibility of these newly urban families for social services as they change from rural farmers to urban householders. Asman and Sisofo discuss barriers to working successfully with an alliance of diverse city, county, and state organizations to meet perceived needs of three categories of rural older adults: 1)active but denies aging, 2)adapting to aging and achieving satisfaction; and 3)dependent aging. Using a novel measure to determine true needs of their rural older communities resulted in benchmarks, which the alliance used in creating their strategic plan. Ford and colleagues tested a church-based program in a rural African American setting to facilitate chronic disease management. They tested the efficacy of utilizing online resources in underserved settings. Wiese and Williams investigated stakeholder perceptions/knowledge regarding dementia at six diverse rural sites. Although 71% of participants believed heart disease and poor diet increased dementia risk and were willing to be screened, only 15% had been tested for memory loss.
Social Security Access Challenges for Chinese Farmers Migrating to Urban Settings
Authors: Mi Hong , Ma Qiyini 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In 2018, China had 564 million rural people, accounting for 40% of the total population. However in 2018, the total number of rural workers immigrating to urban areas related to economic need reached 288 million. This represents an increase of 46 million since 2011. The Chinese government piloted a new rural insurance as an answer to pushing urbanization forward to support rural immigrants. Consequently since 2009, the number of urban and rural residents participating in the basic old-age insurance has been kept above 500 million, making it the largest basic old-age insurance system, covering the largest number of persons in the world. Due to this insurance, an estimated 515 million people were lifted out of poverty, of which 27.41 million were older adults. Challenges for the Chinese government include transforming the Chinese situation of absolute poverty to relative poverty, and improving the living standard of older adults.
Openness and Transparency Promotion With Existing Longitudinal Data: A Worked Example of a Coordinated Analysis
Authors: Mroczek Daniel , Graham Eileen , Willroth Emily 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The application of openness and transparency principles is challenging when using existing or ongoing long-term longitudinal data. One technique that promotes replicability and also is consistent with openness and transparency principles is coordinated analysis. Such analyses, especially when done with a large number of extant longitudinal datasets, tend to draw upon values of data sharing, revelation of code and scripts, and pre-registration. Thus coordinated analyses often provide good examples of how multiple transparency and openness values can come together. We will demonstrate this by presenting two recent large-scale coordinated analyses. One was a 15-study investigation of personality and mortality risk (Graham et al., 2017). The second is a new 16-study investigation of personality trajectories (Graham et al., under revision). We show how multi-study designs are congruent with open science and transparency ideas in the context of longitudinal and other secondary data.
Benevolent Ageism: Exploring Its Boundary Conditions, Generalizability, and Correlates
Authors: Bisconti Toni , Sublett Jennifer , Chasteen Alison 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ageism is one of the few prejudices that is still socially condoned (Nelson, 2016). Given the aging population and the impact of internalizing ageist thoughts, this construct needs to be at the forefront for scientific examination. The long-term effects of ageism, particularly negative self-perceptions, lead to negative health and cognitive outcomes (Chasteen et al., 2015; Levy et al., 2002). One of the intricate components of ageism, however, is that it is often “benevolent”. Cuddy and colleagues developed the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) to describe how individuals are categorized based on varying degrees of warmth and competence. Unlike many devalued members of society who are viewed as low on both, older adults are viewed as having high warmth and low competence, leading to more overaccommodative treatment. The goal of the present symposium is to overview the ways in which researchers have dissected this more nuanced type of ageism. Specifically, two of the presenters will cover some of the boundary conditions of understanding age-based stereotypes and their malleability, examining them across ages and across genders. Additionally, one of our presenters will overview the validation of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale on a Chinese sample, lending support to its generalizability. Finally, our last presenter will overview the relationship between benevolent ageism and self-compassion to predict metamemory, given the pervasive stereotype that older adults suffer from severe cognitive decline. Themes and implications of these presentations will be discussed.
Changes in Social Networks as a Response to Loneliness Among Older Adults
Authors: Visaria Abhijit , Sung Pildoo , Chan Angelique W M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The expression of loneliness suggests perceived social isolation and the lack of meaningful, rewarding and desired social connections. In this paper we seek to estimate whether loneliness among older adults is related to subsequent changes in two attributes of their social networks, i.e. the size and frequency of contact with network members. We use the Panel on Health and Ageing of Singaporean Elderly, a nationally representative study of older adults aged 60 years and older, conducted in 2009 (N=4990) with two follow-up waves in 2011 and 2015, and measure loneliness in terms of relational connectedness, i.e. feeling a lack of companionship, and social connectedness, i.e. feeling left out. Our preliminary analysis shows that loneliness is associated with a subsequent reduction in the size but not strength of social networks. We further propose to assess the causal relationship using cross-lagged panel analysis, thereby accounting for the possibility of a reciprocal relationship.
Economic and Social Influences on Later-Life Well-Being: New Evidence From the NLSY79
Authors: Carr Deborah , Burge Stephanie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) provides unprecedented opportunities for understanding how work, family, and socioeconomic characteristics over a 40-year period shape the well-being of older adults. The large sample enables explorations of race, gender, and socioeconomic differences in these processes. The five papers in this symposium exploit the rich life course data of NLSY79 to understand two key outcomes: health, and work/economic arrangements as adults approach their retirement years. Harrati and Heburn document the impacts of unemployment trajectories on physical and mental health, highlighting gender differences in these processes. Wolfe investigates the long-term health consequences of significant economic setbacks over the life course (shocks), taking into account those risk factors (selection) that render one vulnerable to such shocks. Jang and Tang document the negative impacts of informal caregiving on later-life physical health, yet their subgroup analyses detect positive impacts for African-Americans. Aughinbaugh delineates women’s time spent in caregiving over the life course, and discusses the implications for later-life economic well-being of both early life childcare and later-life coresidential caregiving. Walsemann, Fisk and Ailshire examine the role that parents and grandparents play in paying for their offspring’s college education, with careful attention to gender and socioeconomic differences in these patterns. Taken together, these papers underscore the importance of adopting an intersectional approach to understanding later-life well-being, and reveal the complex ways that paid work, unpaid work (caregiving), and inter-transfers (via tuition payment) bear on the health and financial stability of adults transitioning into their retirement years.
Who’s Hurt Most by Economic Shock? Exploring Heterogeneity in the Health-Related Effects of Wealth Loss
Authors: Wolfe Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prior research finds evidence of an effect of negative economic shocks on health, but this growing area has not fully investigated variation in this effect. A large number of people from diverse backgrounds experience a substantial financial setback of some type, and differences related to one’s gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) may influence the consequences of economic shocks on one’s life such that the health-related effects of shocks vary systematically in the U.S. population. Thus, this study aims to identify the effects of multiple economic shocks on health in middle adulthood, and whether the effects of shocks on health vary by one’s underlying propensity to experience the shock. The analysis uses newly developed statistical techniques from causal inference literature and over twenty-five years of biographical information from the NLSY-79. Results from the analysis help shed light on important variation in the association between negative economic shocks and health.
Parent and Child Factors That Predict Who Helps Young Adult Children Pay for College
Authors: Walsemann Katrina , Fisk Calley , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, the cost of higher education has exceeded the pace of inflation while wages have stagnated or declined. As such, young adult children may increasingly look to their parents and other family members, including grandparents, to help them pay for college. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to determine who financially contributes to a young adult child’s college education, restricting our sample to mid-life parents with at least one biological child who attended a 2-year or 4-year college and completed the college expenditures module in 2014 (n=3,525). For each college-going child, parents reported who paid for the student’s tuition – student, parents, grandparents, other family members, or a combination of these. Using multinomial logistic regression, we will estimate who paid for college as a function of parents’ social and economic characteristics when the child was 16 and the child’s gender and birth order.
Economic Inequality Over the Life Course: Causes and Effects of Cumulative Dis/Advantage Processes
Authors: Kelley Jessica , Crystal Stephen , Kelley Jessica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Economic inequality has grown rapidly in all age groups in the past several decades. In each successive cohort, the wealth gap grows for young people and seems to accelerate faster over the life course. While rising inequality has taken its toll on Baby Boomers, we have become acutely aware of the increasing economic pressures across the entire life course (work precarity; student loans) that will manifest in the greatest degree of inequality in older adulthood seen to date. This session explores the forces that have shaped the degree of inequality among current older adults and are setting the stage for future cohorts of older adults. Presenters will explore several aspects of this issue: the growing state of the “risk retirement,” the impact of income inequality on later-life wealth and health, the structural racism written into economic policies intended to help Americans accumulate wealth and maintain health, and the market disadvantage for GED recipients compared to high school diploma recipients.