bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Risk Factors: Structural Drivers of Violence Affecting Children
Authors: Maternowska M. Catherine , Fry Deborah , Potts Alina , Casey Tabitha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs global data on violence affecting children (VAC) has emerged, the scope of violence has become increasingly clear as well as alarming: over 1 billion children between the ages of 2 and 17 experience violence every year (Hillis et al., Pediatrics 137(3), e20154079, 2016). Although the numbers may be clear, understanding why and how this violence manifests in children’s lives is a critical and still developing field of practice. TheMulti-Country Study on the Drivers of Violence Affecting Childrenin Italy, Peru, Viet Nam and Zimbabwe set out in 2014 to understand what drives violence and what can be done to prevent it (Maternowska et al., Vulnerable Child Youth Stud 13(Supp 1), 2018; Maternowska et al. The multi-country study on the drivers of violence affecting children. A cross-country snapshot of findings. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti. Retrieved fromwww.unicef-irc.org/publications/8, 2016). Through a systematic literature review, secondary analysis and an intervention mapping, national teams analysed individual, family and community-level risk and protective factors as well as the macro forces or “drivers” of violence—the often invisible forms of harm that create the structural and institutional context in which violence affecting children occurs. Our approach, working in close collaboration with national teams, demonstrates how violence manifests in children’s lives. The study considers a nation’s geohistoric place as essential to understanding how structure-based inequalities work in potent combination with the risk and protective factors to determine a child’s safety. We present a model, called the child-centred integrated framework, for placing our understanding of VAC squarely within the child’s social ecology. In this chapter we use examples of two drivers of violence common across all study countries—poverty and migration—to illustrate the power of structural factors on children’s everyday lives, with a focus on our findings from Peru. Our interpretations of violence are useful in that they lend practitioners of peace psychology a kindred view of the world but focusing on violence affecting children and their families from a population-based perspective, while also proposing ways to build more effective violence prevention policy and programmes.
How many fluxes fit in an EFT?
Authors: Lanza Stefano , Marchesano Fernando , Martucci Luca , Sorokin Dmitri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe extend the recent construction of 4d$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1three-form Lagrangians by including the most general three-form multiplets necessary to reproduce any F-term potential in string flux compactifications. In this context we find an obstruction to dualize all fluxes to three-forms in the effective field theory. This implies that, generically, a single EFT cannot capture all the membrane-mediated flux transitions expected from a string theory construction, but only a sublattice of them. The obstruction can be detected from the maximal number of three-forms per scalar in any supermultiplet, and from the gaugings involving three-forms that appear in the EFT. Some gaugings are related to the appearance of fluxes in the tadpole conditions, and give a general obstruction. Others are related to the anomalous axionic strings present in a specific compactification regime. We illustrate the structure of the three-form Lagrangian in type II and F/M-theory setups, where we argue that the above obstructions correlate with the different 4d membrane tensions with respect to the EFT energy scales.
Holographic entropy relations repackaged
Authors: He Temple , Headrick Matthew , Hubeny Veronika E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We explore the structure of holographic entropy relations (associated with ‘information quantities’ given by a linear combination of entanglement entropies of spatial sub-partitions of a CFT state with geometric bulk dual). Such entropy relations can be recast in multiple ways, some of which have significant advantages. Motivated by the already-noted simplification of entropy relations when recast in terms of multipartite information, we explore additional simplifications when recast in a new basis, which we dub the K-basis, constructed from perfect tensor structures. For the fundamental information quantities such a recasting is surprisingly compact, in part due to the interesting fact that entropy vectors associated to perfect tensors are in fact extreme rays in the holographic entropy cone (as well as the full quantum entropy cone). More importantly, we prove that all holographic entropy inequalities have positive coefficients when expressed in the K-basis, underlying the key advantage over the entropy basis or the multipartite information basis.
The Yagita Invariant of Symplectic Groups of Large Rank
Authors: Busch Cornelia M. , Leary Ian J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fix a prime p, and let $${\mathcal {O}}$$O denote a subring of $${\mathbb {C}}$$C that is either integrally closed or contains a primitive pth root of 1. We determine the Yagita invariant at the prime p for the symplectic group $${\mathrm{Sp}}(2n,{\mathcal {O}})$$Sp(2n,O) for all $$n\ge p-1$$n≥p-1.
A simple method for implementing Monte Carlo tests
Authors: Ding Dong , Gandy Axel , Hahn Georg 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe consider a statistical test whosepvalue can only be approximated using Monte Carlo simulations. We are interested in deciding whether thepvalue for an observed data set lies above or below a given threshold such as 5%. We want to ensure that the resampling risk, the probability of the (Monte Carlo) decision being different from the true decision, is uniformly bounded. This article introduces a simple open-ended method with this property, the confidence sequence method (CSM). We compare our approach to another algorithm, SIMCTEST, which also guarantees an (asymptotic) uniform bound on the resampling risk, as well as to other Monte Carlo procedures without a uniform bound. CSM is free of tuning parameters and conservative. It has the same theoretical guarantee as SIMCTEST and, in many settings, similar stopping boundaries. As it is much simpler than other methods, CSM is a useful method for practical applications.
Quantifying Restoration Offsets at a Nuclear Power Plant in Canada
Authors: Barnthouse Lawrence W. , Fietsch Cherie-Lee , Snider David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Canada, the Fisheries Act requires all water takers to avoid, mitigate and offset fish losses. To satisfy the act’s requirements, operators of power plants are required to undertake habitat restoration projects to compensate for fish impinged and entrained at cooling water intake structures. Scaling the quantity of restoration needed, and measuring whether adequate compensation has been achieved, requires a metric that expresses the losses and gains in comparable units. Development of such a metric is especially difficult in the case of power plants, because the losses often consist of a mix of species and life stages that are very different from those produced by technically feasible restoration projects. This paper documents the method that has been developed for quantifying offsets for impingement and entrainment at the Bruce Generating Stations on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, and demonstrates how the method is being used to estimate the offset to be provided by removal of a dam on the nearby Saugeen River.
Prediction of aspiration in dysphagia using logistic regression: oral intake and self-evaluation
Authors: Heijnen Bas J. , Böhringer Stefan , Speyer Renée 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesOropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) has a major influence on health in general and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in particular. The gold standard assessments for OD, especially for aspiration in OD, are fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and videofluoroscopy (VFSS), but not all patients have access to such procedures. Therefore, the current study built a prediction model to forecast aspiration in patients with OD on the basis of common self-evaluation questionnaires and oral intake status.MethodsA consecutive series of 111 patients with confirmed diagnosis of OD was measured according to a standardised protocol using the following tools: the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL), the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI), two self-report visual analogue scales which measure the Severity and the Impairment of the swallowing problem on everyday social life as experienced by the patient, the Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT-10), the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and subsequently FEES (the gold standard). Penalised logistic regression was carried out to predict aspiration. The performance of the resulting models was evaluated by constructing receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and computing areas under the curve (AUC).ResultsThe final model showed an AUC of 0.92, indicating excellent performance.ConclusionThis study shows that it may be possible to accurately predict aspiration in oropharyngeal dysphagia by a non-invasive and non-instrumental assessment protocol including oral intake status and self-report questionnaires on functional health status and HR-QoL.
Connected sets of positive solutions of elliptic systems in exterior domains
Authors: Orpel Aleksandra 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The existence of infinitely many connected sets of positive solutions for a certain elliptic system is investigated in this paper. We consider semilinear equations with perturbed Laplace operators described in an exterior domain. We show that each of these solutions $$\mathbf {u}=( u_{1},u_{2})$$u=(u1,u2) has the minimal asymptotic decay, namely $$ u_{i}(x)=O(||x||^{2-n})$$ui(x)=O(||x||2-n) as $$||x||\rightarrow \infty ,$$||x||→∞,$$i=1,2,$$i=1,2, and finite energy in a neighborhood of infinity. Our main tool is the sub and super-solutions theorem which is based on the Sattinger’s iteration procedure. We do not need any growth assumptions concerning nonlinearities.
The Chinese deliveryman problem
Authors: van Ee Martijn , Sitters René 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe introduce the Chinese deliveryman problem where the goal of the deliveryman is to visit every house in his neighborhood such that the average time of arrival is minimized. We show that, in contrast to the well-known Chinese postman problem, the Chinese deliveryman problem is APX-hard in general and NP-hard for planar graphs. We give a simple$$\sqrt{2}$$2-approximation for undirected graphs and a 4 / 3-approximation for 2-edge connected graphs. We observe that there is a PTAS for planar graphs and that depth first search is optimal for trees.
Nitrogen source-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives
Authors: Linder Tomas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of nitrogen source on the inhibitory properties of glycine and its N-methylated derivatives N-methylglycine (sarcosine), N,N-dimethylglycine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine (glycine betaine) on yeast growth was investigated. On solid minimal medium, all four glycine species completely or partially inhibited growth of Kluyveromyces lactis, Komagataella pastoris, Ogataea arabinofermentans, Spathaspora passalidarum and Yamadazyma tenuis at concentrations 5–10 mM when 10 mM NH4Cl was the sole source of nitrogen. If NH4Cl was substituted by sodium L-glutamate as the sole source of nitrogen, obvious growth inhibition by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives was generally not observed in any of these species. No obvious growth inhibition by any of the glycine species at a concentration of 10 mM was observed in Cyberlindnera jadinii, Lipomyces starkeyi, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Scheffersomyces stipitis or Yarrowia lipolytica on solid minimal medium irrespective of whether the nitrogen source was NH4Cl or sodium L-glutamate. Growth inhibition assays of K. pastoris in liquid minimal medium supplemented with increasing concentrations of N,N-dimethylglycine demonstrated inhibitory effects for nine tested nitrogen sources. In most cases, N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation caused a decrease in growth efficiency that appeared to be proportional to the concentration of N,N-dimethylglycine. The biological relevance of these results is discussed.
Data-driven missing data imputation in cluster monitoring system based on deep neural network
Authors: Lin Jie , Li NianHua , Alam Md Ashraful , Ma Yuqing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDue to cluster instability, not in the cluster monitoring system. This paper focuses on the missing data imputation processing for the cluster monitoring application and proposes a new hybrid multiple imputation framework. This new imputation approach is different from the conventional multiple imputation technologies in the fact that it attempts to impute the missing data for an arbitrary missing pattern with a model-based and data-driven combination architecture. Essentially, the deep neural network, as the data model, extracts deep features from the data and deep features are further calculated then by a regression or data-driven strategies and used to create the estimation of missing data with the arbitrary missing pattern. This paper gives evidence that if we can train a deep neural network to construct the deep features of the data, imputation based on deep features is better than that directly on the original data. In the experiments, we compare the proposed method with other conventional multiple imputation approaches for varying missing data patterns, missing ratios, and different datasets including real cluster data. The result illustrates that when data encounters larger missing ratio and various missing patterns, the proposed algorithm has the ability to achieve more accurate and stable imputation performance.
Pipe rheology of microfibrillated cellulose suspensions
Authors: Turpeinen Tuomas , Jäsberg Ari , Haavisto Sanna , Liukkonen Johanna , Salmela Juha , Koponen Antti I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe shear rheology of two mechanically manufactured microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) suspensions was studied in a consistency range of 0.2–2.0% with a pipe rheometer combined with ultrasound velocity profiling. The MFC suspensions behaved at all consistencies as shear thinning power law fluids. Despite their significantly different particle size, the viscous behavior of the suspensions was quantitatively similar. For both suspensions, the dependence of yield stress and the consistency index on consistency was a power law with an exponent of 2.4, similar to some pulp suspensions. The dependence of flow index on consistency was also a power law, with an exponent of − 0.36. The slip flow was very strong for both MFCs and contributed up to 95% to the flow rate. When wall shear stress exceeded two times the yield stress, slip flow caused drag reduction with consistencies higher than 0.8%. When inspecting the slip velocities of both suspensions as a function of wall shear stress scaled with the yield stress, a good data collapse was obtained. The observed similarities in the shear rheology of both the MFC suspensions and the similar behavior of some pulp fiber suspensions suggests that the shear rheology of MFC suspensions might be more universal than has previously been realized.
Identification of novel sources of genetic variation for the improvement of cold germination ability in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Shim Junghyun , Gannaban Ritchel B. , de los Reyes Benildo G. , Angeles-Shim Rosalyn B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUpland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is inherently susceptible to low temperature stress especially during the early seedling growth and boll maturation stages. The goal of the study is to identify novel sources of genetic variation that can be used to improve cold tolerance of cotton during seed germination. Genetic diversity analysis of thirty accessions from the coreGossypiumDiversity Reference Set (GDRS) and twenty recombinant inbred lines derived from intercrossing cotton mutants with altered fatty acid content profiles established genetic variation in the test germplasm based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping. The mutants clustered in a single clade, whereas the GDRS accessions were separated into four different clades. Screening for germination ability at 12 °C and 15 °C showed that the fatty acid mutants had a significantly better overall germination compared to the GDRS accessions. Hydropriming improved the germination rate and uniformity of the GDRS accessions at 12 °C and 15 °C but not those of the fatty acid mutants, which recorded a better overall germination at 15 °C even without hydropriming. The tolerance of the FA mutants to cold stress during germination is proposed to be conferred by the higher proportion of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the mutants compared to the GDRS accessions. Principal component analysis established phenotypic patterns of variation that is consistent with the observed genotypic variation in the test germplasm. Results of the study indicate the potential of the mutants and select GDRS accessions as donors in breeding for cold germination ability.
Local Scale Displacement Fields in Grains–Structure Interactions Under Cyclic Loading: Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Antony S. J. , Jahanger Zuhair Kadhim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSoils encounter cyclic loading conditions in situ, for example during the earthquakes and in the construction sequences of pavements. Investigations on the local scale displacements of the soil grain and their failure patterns under the cyclic loading conditions are relatively scarce in the literature. In this study, the local displacement fields of a dense sand layer interacting with a rigid footing under the plane-strain condition are examined using both experiments and simulations. Three commonly used types of cyclic loading conditions were applied on the footing. Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) is used to measure the local scale displacement fields in the soil, and to understand the evolution of the failure envelopes in the sand media under the cyclic loading conditions. The experimental results are compared with corresponding finite element analysis (FEA), in which experimentally-characterised constitutive relations are fed as an input into the FEM simulations. For comparison purposes, the case of footing subjected to the quasi-static loading condition was also studied. In general, the results show a good level of agreement between the results of the experiments and simulations conducted here. Overall, relatively shallower but wider displacement fields are observed under the cyclic loading, when compared with that of the quasi-static load test. The vorticity regions are highly localized at the shear bands in the sand media under the ultimate load. The research contributes to new understanding on the local scale displacement fields and their link to the bearing capacity of the footing under the cyclic loading environments.
Intermediate filaments in the medial rectus muscles in patients with concomitant exotropia
Authors: Shen Tao , Lin Jing , Li Xiuling , Deng Daming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeDistribution of intermediate filament (IF) proteins in normal extraocular muscles (EOMs) showed that the EOMs differ significantly from the other muscles in the body with respect to their IFs composition, including desmin and nestin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathological changes in the medial rectus (MR) in patients with concomitant exotropia (XT).MethodsForty-six MR muscle samples from 46 patients with XT were analyzed pathologically and processed for immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies against desmin and nestin.ResultsAlthough most of MR muscles remained normal structures relatively, they presented high expression of desmin, and in contrast, nestin was absent in a large proportion of the MR muscles.ConclusionDesmin, which is downregulated in normal EOMs, had high expression in MR muscles of patients with XT. Nestin, which is present in a high proportion of normal EOMs, was downregulated in MR muscles of patients with XT.
Thermal oxidation of sputtered nickel nano-film as hole transport layer for high performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Aboulsaad Mustafa , El Tahan Ayman , Soliman Moataz , El-Sheikh Said , Ebrahim Shaker 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effect of rapid oxidation temperature on the sputtered nickel (Ni) films to act as a hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cell (PSCs) was investigated. A nano-sputtered Ni film with a thickness about 100 nm was oxidized at a range of different oxidation temperatures between 350 and 650 °C to work as HTL in an inverted p–i–n configuration. DC Hall measurement in van der Pauw configuration and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to measure the charge’s mobility and extraction of nickel oxide (NiO) films. The behaviour of the carrier concentration measurements of NiO layers at different oxidation temperatures showed that the Ni layer oxidized at 450 °C had the highest carrier concentration among the other samples. The performance measurements of the fabricated PSCs showed that the nickel oxide hole-transporting layer which has been oxidized at the optimum oxidation temperature of 450 °C has the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.05%. Moreover, the characteristic parameters of the optimum cell such as the open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) were 0.92 V, 19.80 mA/cm2and 0.331, respectively.
Determination of 210Po in air filters from metallurgic industry
Authors: Szaciłowski Grzegorz , Ośko Jakub , Pliszczyński Tomasz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The elevated concentration of 210Po attached to aerosol particles inside a non-ferrous metal refinery was studied. The aerosols were collected on Petrianov or glass-fiber filters and subsequently subjected to radiochemical procedure consisting of acid leaching and concentration by micro co-precipitation with manganese oxide. For the activity determination alpha spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting (LSC) were applied. The obtained results showed that usually observed polonium concentration inside the plant was lower than 78 mBq m−3, however short spikes up to 7430 ± 710 mBq m−3 (related to the specific thermal process) were also observed.
An optimisation tool for robust community detection algorithms using content and topology information
Authors: Bhih Amhmed , Johnson Princy , Randles Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With the recent prevalence of information networks, the topic of community detection has gained much interest among researchers. In real-world networks, node attribute (content information) is also available in addition to topology information. However, the collected topology information for networks is usually noisy when there are missing edges. Furthermore, the existing community detection methods generally focus on topology information and largely ignore the content information. This makes the task of community detection for incomplete networks very challenging. A new method is proposed that seeks to address this issue and help improve the performance of the existing community detection algorithms by considering both sources of information, i.e. topology and content. Empirical results demonstrate that our proposed method is robust and can detect more meaningful community structures within networks having incomplete information, than the conventional methods that consider only topology information.