bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the value of arterial spin labeling and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging on diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma in T1 stage
Authors: Li Yujie , Li Xiaolu , Yu Xiaoduo , Lin Meng , Ouyang Han , Xie Lizhi , Shang Yuqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate the diagnostic value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in distinguishing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in T1 stage from healthy controls (HC).

Methods
Forty-five newly diagnosed NPC patients in the T1 stage and thirty-one healthy volunteers who underwent MR examinations for both 3D pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) and IVIM were enrolled in this study. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the mean values of blood flow (BF) derived from pCASL and IVIM derived parameters, including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure molecular diffusion (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f) between NPC tumor and benign nasopharyngeal mucosa of HC. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was performed to determine diagnostic cutoff and efficiency. The correlation coefficients among parameters were investigated using Spearman’s test.

Results
The NPC in the T1 stage showed higher mean BF, lower ADC, D, and f compared to benign nasopharyngeal mucosa (P < 0.001) with the area under curve of ROC of 0.742–0.996 (highest by BF). BF cutoff was set at > 36 mL/100 g/min; the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in differentiating NPC stage T1 from benign nasopharyngeal mucosa were 95.56% (43/45), 100% (31/31) and 97.37% (74/76), respectively. BF demonstrated moderate negative correlation with D* on HC (ρ [Spearman correlation coefficients] = − 0.426, P = 0.017).

Conclusions
ASL and IVIM could reflect the difference in perfusion and diffusion between tumor and benign nasopharyngeal mucosa, indicating a potential for accessing early diagnosis of NPC. Notably, BF, with a specificity of 100%, demonstrated better performance compared to IVIM in distinguishing malignant lesions from healthy tissue.
Effectiveness of iron supplementation in the perioperative management of total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Seung Hoon , Kim Joong Il , Choi Wonchul , Kim Tae Woo , Lee Yong Seuk 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction/purpose
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of iron supplementation during total knee arthroplasty (TKA): (1) Is the iron supplementation necessary during TKA? (2) When is the optimal timing of iron supplementation? (3) Which is better, between orally and intravenously administered iron supplementation? And (4) What is the optimal dose of iron supplementation?

Materials and methods
A rigorous and systematic approach was used and each of the selected studies was evaluated for methodological quality. Data about study design, total number of cases enrolled, iron administration method, timing, and dose were extracted. Change in hemoglobin and transfusion rates were extracted to evaluate the effectiveness of iron supplementation.

Results
Eleven studies were included in the final analysis. Most of studies reported that hemoglobin change between iron and control group did not show any difference. Only one study reported that iron supplementation could reduce the decrease in hemoglobin. However, transfusion rate showed a decrease in the iron supplementation group compared with the control group. There was no clear consensus on the optimum timing and dose of iron supplementation and intravenously administered iron was more effective than orally administered iron, especially in anemic patients.

Conclusion
Iron supplementation is not clear as a way to raise hemoglobin levels after TKA, but an effective treatment for lowering transfusion rate, especially in patients with anemia. We could not determine the optimal timing and dose of the iron. Intravenously administered iron was similar to, or better than, orally administered iron for improving hemoglobin levels and transfusion rate.
A retrospective study of intramuscular clozapine prescription for treatment initiation and maintenance in treatment-resistant psychosis
Authors: Casetta Cecilia , Oloyede Ebenezer , Whiskey Eromona , Taylor David Michael , Gaughran Fiona , Shergill Sukhi S. , Onwumere Juliana , Segev Aviv , Dzahini Olubanke , Legge Sophie E. , MacCabe James Hunter 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundClozapine is uniquely effective in treatment-resistant psychosis but remains underutilised, partly owing to psychotic symptoms leading to non-adherence to oral medication. An intramuscular formulation is available in the UK but outcomes remain unexplored.AimsThis was a retrospective clinical effectiveness study of intramuscular clozapine prescription for treatment initiation and maintenance in treatment-resistant psychosis over a 3-year period.MethodSuccessful initiation of oral clozapine after intramuscular prescription was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included all-cause clozapine discontinuation 2 years following initiation, and 1 year after discharge. Discontinuation rates were compared with a cohort prescribed only oral clozapine. Propensity scores were used to address confounding by indication.ResultsAmong 39 patients prescribed intramuscular clozapine, 19 received at least one injection, whereas 20 accepted oral clozapine when given an enforced choice between the two. Thirty-six (92%) patients successfully initiated oral clozapine after intramuscular prescription; three never transitioned to oral. Eight discontinued oral clozapine during the 2-year follow-up, compared with 83 out of 162 in the comparator group (discontinuation rates of 24% and 50%, respectively). Discontinuation rates at 1-year post-discharge were 21%, compared with 44% in the comparison group. Intramuscular clozapine prescription was associated with a non-significantly lower hazard of discontinuation 2 years after initiation (hazard ratio 0.39, 95% CI 0.14–1.06) and 1 year after discharge (hazard ratio 0.37, 95% CI 0.11–1.24). The only reported adverse event specific to the intramuscular formulation was injection site pain and swelling.ConclusionsIntramuscular clozapine prescription allowed transition to oral maintenance in an initially non-adherent cohort. Discontinuation rates were similar to patients only prescribed oral clozapine and comparable to existing literature.
Acertando problemas complexos: o “praticalismo” e os “processos estruturais”
Authors: Osna Gustavo 
Published: August 2020

Solving complex problems: ‘practicalism’ and ‘structural litigation’ RESUMOO tema dos “processos estruturais” tem recebido atenção crescente da doutrina brasileira ao longo dos últimos anos, repercutindo também em seus Tribunais. Nesse sentido, formam-se diferentes propostas e estudos acadêmicos, oferecendo conteúdos díspares a ideias como “decisões estruturais”. O presente ensaio procura enfrentar essa matéria, mas de uma perspectiva diversa. Defende-se que os principais provimentos usualmente vistos como “estruturais”, na realidade, representaram uma alternativa “praticalista” do Poder Judiciário para lidar mais adequadamente com problemas complexos. Dessa forma, é necessário evitar que o conceitualismo limite a criatividade jurisdicional e estabeleça requisitos que restrinjam essa atividade. ABSTRACTOver the last years, the idea of ‘structural litigation’ is being increasingly studied by Brazilian doctrine and by Brazilian Courts. In this sense, one can find several academic proposals that do not attribute the same content to notions as ‘structural injunction’. The present essay faces this subject, but do it from a different perspective. I argue that the main decisions usually seen as “structural” have represented a ‘practicalist’ path adopted by the Judiciary to handle complex problems more properly. Thus, I defend that conceptualism must not limit such judicial creativity.
Risky sexual behaviours among young adults attending Higher Learning Institutions in Mbeya, Tanzania: implications for STIs and HIV preventive programs
Authors: Mcharo Ruby Doryn , Olomi Willyhelmina , Mayaud Philippe , Msuya Sia E. 
Published: August 2020

Background: High-risk sexual behaviours (HRSBs) among young adults are a key risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), HIV and unplanned pregnancies. The World Health Organization has identified the 15-24 year age-group as high-risk for STIs. Students at Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) may be at higher risk because they are free of immediate parental supervision, a transient migratory population, and probably at peak years of sexual activity. Here, we describe risky sexual behaviours and preventive practices among young adults attending HLIs in Mbeya, Tanzania. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to January 2020 among students aged 18-24 years enrolled in HLIs within Mbeya. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on sexual health education, activity, behaviour and STI knowledge. Results: 504 students were enrolled; mean age of 21.5 (SD 1.74) years. 377 (74.8%) students were sexually active. Mean age of first sexual encounter was 18.4 years and 11.6% reported their sexual debut was <15 years. A higher proportion of male students (59.7%) reported their sexual debut with non-steady partners compared with female students (40.9%). Lack of condom use at sexual debut was reported by 43.3% of sexually active students. Consistent condom use during the past 4-weeks was reported at 23.3% and 16.9% among men and women, respectively. Almost 1 in 10 students reported being forced into having sex by someone they were dating. Sex under the influence of alcohol was reported by 25.5% of the students. Nearly 7 in 10 (77%) students had heard of STIs, but only 15% were aware STIs could be asymptomatic. Conclusion: STI prevention programs need to recognize young adults in HLIs as an at-risk population. HLIs must advocate targeted messages to minimize risks to acquiring STIs, offer counselling and support for those experiencing sexual violence, and promote condom use and safer-sex negotiation skills.
The use of essential oils as a growth promoter for small ruminants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Andri Faizal , Huda Asri Nurul , Marjuki Marjuki 
Published: August 2020

Background: Due to their antimicrobial properties and safety, essential oils are currently proposed as a sustainable option for antibiotic alternatives in the livestock sector. This current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of dietary essential oil supplements on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of small ruminants. Methods: A total of 12 studies (338 small ruminants) were included in this meta-analysis. The overall effect size was quantified using Hedges’ g with 95% confidence interval (CI) using a fixed-effect model. Publication bias was inspected using Begg’s and Egger’s tests, followed by trim and fill method to detect the number of potential missing studies. Results: Insignificant heterogeneity among studies was detected both on DMI (P of Q = 0.810; I-square = 0.00%), ADG (P of Q = 0.286; I-square = 17.61%), and FCR (P of Q = 0.650; I-square = 0.00%). The overall effect size showed that essential oils supplementation had no significant impact on DMI (Hedges’ g = -0.12; 95% CI = -0.50 to 0.26; P = 0.429) and FCR (Hedges’ g = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.55 to 0.22; P = 0.284), but had a significant positive impact on ADG (Hedges’ g = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.76; P = 0.002). The result of publication bias analysis showed that DMI, ADG, and FCR did not present any significant biases ( P > 0.10), and no potential missing studies detected. Conclusions: Dietary essential oil could improve ADG of small ruminants, without any alteration on DMI and FCR. Further research in this topic is still required to provide stronger evidence of the potency of essential oil as a growth promoter for small ruminants.
Field Experiment on the Profit Implications of Merchants’ Discretionary Power to Override Data-Driven Decision-Making Tools
Authors: Kesavan Saravanan , Kushwaha Tarun 
Published: August 2020

Data-driven decision-making (DDD) is rapidly transforming modern operations. The availability of big data, advances in data analytics tools, and rapid gains in processing power enable firms to make decisions based on data rather than intuition. Yet, most firms still allow managers to override decisions from DDD tools, as managers might possess private information not present in the DDD tool. We report on a field-experiment conducted by an automobile replacement parts retailer that examines the profit implications of providing discretionary power to merchants. We find that merchants’ overrides of the DDD tool reduce profitability by 5.77%. However, our analysis over product life cycle (PLC) reveals that merchants increase (decrease) profitability for growth- (mature- & decline-) stage products. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Is acetabular dysplasia and pelvic deformity properly interpreted in patients with congenital femoral deficiency? A 3D analysis of pelvic computed tomography
Authors: Musielak Bartosz Jan , Shadi Milud , Kubicka Anna Maria , Koczewski Paweł , Rychlik Michał , Premakumaran Pirunthi , Jóźwiak Marek 
Published: August 2020

Purpose The aim of this study is to assess the pelvis's morphology and spatial orientation of the acetabulum, and their relation to the severity of Congenital Femoral Deficiency (CFD) using 3D imaging. Defining these pathologies is crucial for adequate surgical correction. Methods The shape and structure of the acetabulum and pelvis were evaluated in 14 children with unilateral CFD via 3D computed tomography (CT) scans, and then analysed with geometric morphometrics (Procrustes ANOVA). The association between pelvic directional asymmetry and CFD classifications (Aitken, Paley) was assessed. The affected acetabulum's orientation was compared to the non-affected side, and the variability of orientation in different CFD types was evaluated (bivariate correlation). Results The hemipelvis with CFD is characterized by a smaller acetabulum, a laterally curved ischium and a less upright ilium (p < 0.001). Multivariate regressions revealed a greater level of pelvis asymmetry in more severe types of CFD (p < 0.001). The acetabulum orientation assessment showed a significant decrease in mean anteversion (1.3°) and inclination (9.6°) angle, when compared to the non-affected side (26°and 17.1° respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions The affected side of the pelvis is considerably smaller and more deformed, and this should be considered during limb lengthening. The acetabulum presents with significant dysplasia due to its severe retroversion and steepness (superoposterior distortion). This should not be interpreted as a simple wall deficit, but as a complete acetabular misalignment (often misinterpreted in 2D imagery). Using transiliac osteotomies (e.g. Dega, Salter) is debatable due to abnormal acetabular orientation (superoposterior malalignment). Therefore, alternative options, e.g. San Diego or triple pelvic osteotomy, should be considered.
Poor delineation of labrum and acetabular surface on arthrogram is a predictor of early failure of closed reduction in children aged six to 24 months with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Yuan Zhe , Li Yiqiang , Hong Kai , Wu Jianping , Canavese Federico , Xu Hongwen 
Published: August 2020

Purpose The objective of this study was to explore the predictors for failed reduction in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) managed by arthrogram, closed reduction (CR) and spica cast immobilization. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients with DDH treated by CR and cast immobilization (2015-2020), including age, sex, affected side, presence/absence of an ossific nucleus, International Hip Dysplasia Institute classification, the delineation of labrum and acetabular surface on arthrogram, inverted labrum, acetabular index (AI), hip abduction angle and medial dye pool (MDP) distance. Predictors that potentially predicted failure of CR were evaluated by logistic regression analysis, simple t-test, Fisher's Exact Test and chi-square test. Results In total, 16 out of 187 hips failed to achieve initial CR (8.6%). Gender, age, preoperative AI and poor delineation of arthrogram were candidate predictors for failed CR in children aged six to 24 months with DDH; on the other hand, logistic regression analysis confirmed age and poor delineation of arthrogram significantly predicted failure of CR. Receive operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed MDP less than 6 mm and age higher than 14.5 months significantly increased the failure rate of CR in children aged six to 24 months with DDH. Conclusion Age and poor delineation of labrum and acetabular surface during arthrogram predicted failure of CR in children with DDH. In particular, age > 14.5 months and MDP distance ≥ 6 mm significantly increased the risk of CR failure. Level of evidence III
Resonant bending of silicon nanowires by incident light
Authors: Bulgakov Evgeny N. , Sadreev Almas F. 
Published: August 2020

Coupling of two dielectric wires with a rectangular cross section gives rise to bonding and anti-bonding resonances. The latter is featured by extremal narrowing of the resonant width for variation of the aspect ratio of the cross section and distance between wires. A plane wave resonant to this anti-bonding resonance gives rise to unprecedent enhancement of the optical forces up to several nano Newtons per micrometer length of the wires. The forces oscillate with the angle of incidence of the plane wave but always try to repel the wires. If the wires are fixed at the ends, the light power

1.5

m
W

/

µ

m

2

bends wires with length 50 µm by order 100 nm.
Universal frequency engineering tool for microcavity nonlinear optics: multiple selective mode splitting of whispering-gallery resonances
Authors: Lu Xiyuan , Rao Ashutosh , Moille Gregory , Westly Daron A. , Srinivasan Kartik 
Published: August 2020

Whispering-gallery microcavities have been used to realize a variety of efficient parametric nonlinear optical processes through the enhanced light–matter interaction brought about by supporting multiple high quality factor and small modal volume resonances. Critical to such studies is the ability to control the relative frequencies of the cavity modes, so that frequency matching is achieved to satisfy energy conservation. Typically this is done by tailoring the resonator cross section. Doing so modifies the frequencies of all of the cavity modes, that is, the global dispersion profile, which may be undesired, for example, in introducing competing nonlinear processes. Here, we demonstrate a frequency engineering tool, termed multiple selective mode splitting (MSMS), that is independent of the global dispersion and instead allows targeted and independent control of the frequencies of multiple cavity modes. In particular, we show controllable frequency shifts up to 0.8 nm, independent control of the splitting of up to five cavity modes with optical quality factors

≳

10

5

, and strongly suppressed frequency shifts for untargeted modes. The MSMS technique can be broadly applied to a wide variety of nonlinear optical processes across different material platforms and can be used to both selectively enhance processes of interest and suppress competing unwanted processes.
Efficacy of high-dose methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Trisnia Putu Ayunda , KUmara Wati Ketut Dewi , Witarini Komang Ayu , Sutawan Ida Bagus Ramajaya , Santoso Hendra 
Published: August 2020

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune disease. Untreated SLE often become progressive and lead to increased risk of mortality. Corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide remain the treatment of choice for severe SLE. Disease activity assessed with SLE Daily Activity Index (SLEDAI).
Objective To compare the disease activity of childhood-onset severe SLE at the time of diagnosis, after completion of high dose methylprednisolone, and after three month of cyclophosphamide by using SLEDAI.
Methods This study was conducted in the Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Child Health, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. Subjects were SLE patient aged 0-18 years who had severe clinical manifestations. Subject received therapy combination of high dose methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide every 2 weeks for six doses. SLEDAI score was assessed at the time of diagnosis, after completion of high dose methylprednisolone, and after three month of cyclophosphamide.
Results During the study period, 51 children were diagnosed as SLE. Twenty-one subjects were included for analysis. Median SLEDAI score at the time of diagnosis was 23 (range 13-39). SLEDAI score after three months of cyclophosphamide was decreased to 2 (range 0-14). Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed the improvement of SLEDAI score at the time of diagnosis and after three months of cyclophosphamide was statistically significant (Z=-4.016, P<0.0001).
Conclusion SLEDAI score reduced after completion of high-dose methylprednisolone and three month of cyclophosphamide therapy.
KONFLIK PERAN GANDA WANITA BEKERJA DI LUAR RUMAH TERHADAP KETAHANAN EKONOMI KELUARGA PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Holijah Holijah 
Published: August 2020

Contemporary social development has been marked by the phenomenon of the emergence of professional women who work in public space. Although they have to work in public sphere, they have to responsible for domestic affairs. This article aims to elaborate the double burdens of these women from the perspective of Islamic law. This article argued that it is possible for women to have jobs in public sphere as far as they can guarantee that they can fulfill some conditions such as permission from their husbands, avoiding seclusion (khalwat), chosing jobs which is in line with women nature. Saat ini telah terjadi pergeseran nilai yang merubah pola hidup para wanita yang dulu hanya mengurusi pekerjaan domestik. Sekarang para wanita sudah banyak yang berkarir dan bekerja. Dengan demikian, wanita yang bekerja memiliki beban yang lebih berat, di satu sisi ia harus bertanggung jawab atas urusan-urusan rumah tangga, di sisi lain ia juga harus bertanggung jawab atas pekerjaan di luar rumah. Tulisan ini mengkaji peran ganda wanita yang bekerja di luar runah dari perspektif hukum Islam. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpukan bahwa Wanita diperbolehkan untuk bekerja di luar rumah selama dapat menjaga dan menjamin bahwa pekerjaannya tidak bertentangan dengan syariah. Dalam konteks ini izin dari suami, adanya keseimbangan antara peran domestik dan publik, tidak menimbulkan khalwat dengan lawan jenis, dan sebaiknya menjauhi pekerjaan yang tidak sesuai dengan fitrahnya atau karakter kewanitaannya.
Critical Concave Convex Ambrosetti–Prodi Type Problems for Fractional 𝑝-Laplacian
Authors: Bueno H. P. , Huerto Caqui E. , Miyagaki O. H. , Pereira F. R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a class of critical concave convex Ambrosetti–Prodi type problems involving the fractional p-Laplacian operator. By applying the linking theorem and the mountain pass theorem as well, the interaction of the nonlinearities with the first eigenvalue of the fractional p-Laplacian will be used to prove existence of multiple solutions.