bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Activity and Lunar Precessions Influence Extreme Sea‐Level Variability in the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Coasts
Authors: Valle‐Levinson Arnoldo , Martin Jonathan B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlong the Atlantic coast of the United States, interannual sea‐level variations of up to 20 mm are superimposed regionally upon the global average sea‐level rise (~3 mm/year) from human‐caused global warming. These variations affect the degree of coastal flooding and related damage during the highest annual tides. Interannual sea‐level variations have been attributed to several atmospheric and oceanographic processes. In the present analysis, detrended tide gauge data isolate >5‐year interannual variations. These variations can be reliably reconstructed (>77% of the variance explained) with Fourier coefficients that have frequencies related to lunar orbit (nodal and apsidal precessions) combined with solar activity. Although a causal relationship between astronomical forcing and extreme sea levels remains elusive, the reconstructions may provide an effective method for projections of extreme sea levels. Two reconstructions project that anomalously high sea levels may occur in the late 2020s, mid‐2050s, early 2060s, early 2070s, and late 2090s.
InSAR Reveals Complex Surface Deformation Patterns Over an 80,000 km2Oil‐Producing Region in the Permian Basin
Authors: Staniewicz Scott , Chen Jingyi , Lee Hunjoo , Olson Jon , Savvaidis Alexandros , Reedy Robert , Breton Caroline , Rathje Ellen , Hennings Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere we used Sentinel‐1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data acquired between November 2014 to January 2019 to map how the basin's surface has deformed in response to fluid injection and extraction. While our stacking approach has low complexity, its accuracy increases with the Sentinel‐1 data volume. With an automated outlier removal algorithm, we achieved ∼2 mm/year accuracy across the basin in the presence of up to ±15 cm tropospheric noise. We observed numerous subsidence and uplift features near active production and disposal wells, with the maximum deformation rate occurring in 2018 when production peaked. The most important deformation signatures are linear patterns that extend tens of kilometers near Pecos, TX, where a cluster of increased seismic events was cataloged by the Texas Seismological Network (TexNet). Our elastic modeling results demonstrate that fluid extraction and dip slip along normal faults are potential causes for the observed seismicity and deformation patterns.
First Simultaneous Lidar Observations of Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Fe and Na (TIFe and TINa) Layers at McMurdo (77.84°S, 166.67°E), Antarctica With Concurrent Measurements of Aurora Activity, Enhanced Ionization Layers, and Converging Electric Field
Authors: Chu Xinzhao , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Xu Zhonghua , Yu Zhibin , Plane John M. C. , Gardner Chester S. , Ogawa Yasunobu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report the first simultaneous, common‐volume lidar observations of thermosphere‐ionosphere Fe (TIFe) and Na (TINa) layers in Antarctica. We also report the observational discovery of nearly one‐to‐one correspondence between TIFe and aurora activity, enhanced ionization layers, and converging electric fields. Distinctive TIFe layers have a peak density of ~384 cm−3 and the TIFe mixing ratio peaks around 123 km, ~5 times the mesospheric layer maximum. All evidence shows that Fe+ ion‐neutralization is the major formation mechanism of TIFe layers. The TINa mixing ratio often exhibits a broad peak at TIFe altitudes, providing evidence for in situ production via Na+ neutralization. However, the tenuous TINa layers persist long beyond TIFe disappearance and reveal gravity wave perturbations, suggesting a dynamic background of neutral Na, but not Fe, above 110 km. The striking differences between distinct TIFe and diffuse TINa suggest differential transport between Fe and Na, possibly due to mass separation.
Contrasting Phase Changes of Precipitation Annual Cycle Between Land and Ocean Under Global Warming
Authors: Song Fengfei , Lu Jian , Leung L. Ruby , Liu Fukai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a land‐ocean contrast in the phase change of precipitation annual cycle in multimodel ensemble simulations as climate warms, with a robust delay over land (0–40°N/S) versus an advance (0–40°N/S) or no clear (0–25°N/S) phase changes over ocean. The robust delay over land is caused by the increased effective atmospheric heat capacity CA. Over ocean, the increased CA favors a phase delay, while the land‐ocean precipitation contrast during the peak rainy season favors a phase advance. The latter overwhelms the former and causes a seasonal advance over 0–40°N/S, while the two factors cancel out and result in no phase changes over 0–25°N/S. Under the atmospheric energetic constraint, the land‐ocean precipitation contrast in the peak rainy season is related to their opposite amplitude changes of surface temperature annual cycle: Seasonally different wind changes enhance the amplitude over ocean, while increased CA and surface cooling feedback reduce the amplitude over land.
Paleofire, Vegetation, and Climate Reconstructions of the Middle to Late Holocene From Lacustrine Sediments of the Toushe Basin, Taiwan
Authors: Huang Zhenhui , Ma Chunmei , Chyi Shyh‐Jeng , Tang Lingyu , Zhao Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe identified four climatic stages between 6.2 and 1.3 cal kyr before present (BP) based on pollen and charcoal concentrations by high‐resolution Accelerated mass spectrometer (AMS) 14C‐dated sediment profile from Taiwan's Toushe Basin. From 6.2 to 4.6 cal kyr BP, the region was warm‐wet with infrequent wildfires and dominant subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests. The climate was cooler‐drier from 4.6 to 3.0 cal kyr BP, with a decline in forest and increased fire frequency. From 3.0 to 2.1 cal kyr BP, climate further cooled and dried, with the development of alpine meadows and higher fire frequency. The region became warmer and wetter from 2.1 to 1.3 cal kyr BP, accompanied by forest recovery. Climatic changes were linked to changes in East Asia Summer Monsoon intensity, which is mainly controlled by solar radiation. Wildfires were likely controlled by precipitation variability that is influenced by East Asia Summer Monsoon and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Toushe Basin experienced drought conditions and frequent wildfires during the El Niño years.
Analytical Fast Magnetosonic Wave Model Based on Observations of Van Allen Probe
Authors: Yao Fei , Yuan Zhigang , Yu Xiongdong , Wang Dedong , Ouyang Zhihai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBased on observations of Van Allen Probe‐A during the period from 19 September 2012 to 28 February 2016, the relations of the fast magnetosonic (MS) wave amplitude Bw with kp index, the wave normal angle (WNA), and the wave normalized frequency (norF) are presented. Then, we establish an analytical regression model for MS wave amplitude as a function of geomagnetic storm activity (presented by kp index), L‐shell (L), magnetic local time (MLT), magnetic latitude (λ), and the characteristics of MS wave, that is, wave norF and WNA. From the analytical Bw models, we found MS wave amplitude Bw has a positive relation with the intensity of geomagnetic activities both inside and outside the plasmapause, while the Bw can reach higher values inside the plasmapause than it does outside the plasmapause as the kp index increases. The Bw distribution on the norF demonstrates that most of the wave energies are concentrated on the lower harmonics part, which results from the excitation mechanism of MS waves. In addition, the Bw distribution on the WNA shows that the waves with larger normal angles have higher values of wave amplitude. Our analytic MS wave model agrees with the observed distribution in 3‐D space of L, MLT, and λ well with high value of determine coefficient R2. The extended λ dimension will help us to calculate the more accurate bounced averaged diffusion coefficients during particles transit time.
CO2 Increase Experiments Using the CESM: Relationship to Climate Sensitivity and Comparison of CESM1 to CESM2
Authors: Bacmeister J. T. , Hannay C. , Medeiros B. , Gettelman A. , Neale R. , Fredriksen H. B. , Lipscomb W. H. , Simpson I. , Bailey D. A. , Holland M. , Lindsay K. , Otto‐Bliesner B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe examine the response of the Community Earth System Model Versions 1 and 2 (CESM1 and CESM2) to abrupt quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations (4xCO2) and to 1% annually increasing CO2 concentrations (1%CO2). Different estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) for CESM1 and CESM2 are presented. All estimates show that the sensitivity of CESM2 has increased by 1.5 K or more over that of CESM1. At the same time the transient climate response (TCR) of CESM1 and CESM2 derived from 1%CO2 experiments has not changed significantly—2.1 K in CESM1 and 2.0 K in CESM2. Increased initial forcing as well as stronger shortwave radiation feedbacks are responsible for the increase in ECS seen in CESM2. A decomposition of regional radiation feedbacks and their contribution to global feedbacks shows that the Southern Ocean plays a key role in the overall behavior of 4xCO2 experiments, accounting for about 50% of the total shortwave feedback in both CESM1 and CESM2. The Southern Ocean is also responsible for around half of the increase in shortwave feedback between CESM1 and CESM2, with a comparable contribution arising over tropical ocean. Experiments using a thermodynamic slab‐ocean model (SOM) yield estimates of ECS that are in remarkable agreement with those from fully coupled Earth system model (ESM) experiments for the same level of CO2 increase. Finally, we show that the similarity of TCR in CESM1 and CESM2 masks significant regional differences in warming that occur in the 1%CO2 experiments for each model.
A Generalized Mixing Length Closure for Eddy‐Diffusivity Mass‐Flux Schemes of Turbulence and Convection
Authors: Lopez‐Gomez Ignacio , Cohen Yair , He Jia , Jaruga Anna , Schneider Tapio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBecause of their limited spatial resolution, numerical weather prediction and climate models have to rely on parameterizations to represent atmospheric turbulence and convection. Historically, largely independent approaches have been used to represent boundary layer turbulence and convection, neglecting important interactions at the subgrid scale. Here we build on an eddy‐diffusivity mass‐flux (EDMF) scheme that represents all subgrid‐scale mixing in a unified manner, partitioning subgrid‐scale fluctuations into contributions from local diffusive mixing and coherent advective structures and allowing them to interact within a single framework. The EDMF scheme requires closures for the interaction between the turbulent environment and the plumes and for local mixing. A second‐order equation for turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) provides one ingredient for the diffusive local mixing closure, leaving a mixing length to be parameterized. Here, we propose a new mixing length formulation, based on constraints derived from the TKE balance. It expresses local mixing in terms of the same physical processes in all regimes of boundary layer flow. The formulation is tested at a range of resolutions and across a wide range of boundary layer regimes, including a stably stratified boundary layer, a stratocumulus‐topped marine boundary layer, and dry convection. Comparison with large eddy simulations (LES) shows that the EDMF scheme with this diffusive mixing parameterization accurately captures the structure of the boundary layer and clouds in all cases considered.
The Chimei Submarine Canyon and Fan: A Record of Taiwan Arc‐Continent Collision on the Rapidly Deforming Overriding Plate
Authors: Hsieh Yu‐Huan , Liu Char‐Shine , Suppe John , Byrne Timothy B. , Lallemand Serge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Chimei Canyon is a large, uplifting wedge‐top submarine canyon offshore eastern Taiwan that has delivered sediment since ~1–2 Ma from the rapidly eroding Taiwan orogen to the Chimei Fan in the Huatung Basin, east of the colliding Luzon Arc. In this study, we document the depositional record of the Taiwan arc‐continent collision on the adjacent oceanic Philippine Sea Plate using multichannel seismic reflection data together with high‐resolution bathymetry data to study the morphology, seismic sequences, and structures of the Chimei Canyon‐Fan system. The sedimentary strata are separated into three seismic sequences. The lowest sequence overlies oceanic crust, showing Cenozoic‐Cretaceous pelagic seismic facies that we interpret as pre‐collisional, whereas the middle and upper sequences are syn‐collisional. We propose a model for the development of the Chimei Canyon‐Fan in which the middle sequence first developed ~1–2 Ma, while the main depocenter was to the west in the forearc basin, west of the Luzon Arc. The upper sequence records a shift of depocenter after ~1 Ma from the forearc basin to the Chimei Fan east of the Luzon Arc. At the same time, this antecedent paleochannel‐fan system was deformed rapidly (~60 mm/yr; 62 km minimum shortening) by a complex imbricate thrust belt with the emergence of the arc and forearc basin as the west‐vergent Coastal Range thrust belt and the Chimei Canyon incising the active east‐vergent Offshore East Taiwan thrust belt. The thrust belt underlying the wedge‐top Chimei Canyon‐Fan has undergone >19‐km shortening and ~2.6‐km structure uplift.
Growth factors-based beneficial effects of platelet lysate on umbilical cord-derived stem cells and their synergistic use in osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Yan Li , Zhou Li , Yan Bo , Zhang Lei , Du Wenxi , Liu Fucun , Yuan Qiang , Tong Peijian , Shan Letian , Efferth Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPoor viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the transplanted site often hinders the efficacy of MSCs-based therapy. Platelet lysate (PL) contains rich amounts of growth factors, which benefits cell growth. This study aimed to explore how human PL benefits umbilical cord-derived MSCs (huc-MSCs), and whether they have synergistic potential in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. As quality control, flow cytometry and specific staining were performed to identify huc-MSCs, and ELISA was used to quantify growth factors in PL. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the effects of PL on the cell viability and cell cycle progression of huc-MSCs. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to assess the migration of huc-MSCs. RNA sequencing, real time PCR, and Western blot assays were conducted to explore the growth factors-based mechanism of PL. The in vitro results showed that PL significantly promoted the proliferation, cell cycle, and migration of huc-MSCs by upregulating relevant genes/proteins and activating beclin1-dependent autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. The main growth factors (PDGF-AA, IGF-1, TGF-β, EGF, and FGF) contributed to the effects of PL in varying degrees. The in vivo data showed that combined PL and huc-MSCs exerted significant synergistic effect against OA. The overall study determined the beneficial effects and mechanism of PL on huc-MSCs and indicated PL as an adjuvant for huc-MSCs in treating OA. This is the first report on the growth factors-based mechanism of PL on huc-MSCs and their synergistic application. It provides novel knowledge of PLʹs roles and offers a promising strategy for stem cell-based OA therapy by combining PL and huc-MSCs.
RASSF1A inhibits PDGFB-driven malignant phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in a YAP1-dependent manner
Authors: Liang Ying-Ying , Deng Xu-Bin , Lin Xian-Tao , Jiang Li-Li , Huang Xiao-Ting , Mo Zhi-Wen , Yuan Ya-Wei , Teh Muy-Teck 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly aggressive tumor characterized by distant metastasis. Deletion or down-regulation of the tumor suppressor protein ras-association domain family protein1 isoform A (RASSF1A) has been confirmed to be a key event in NPC progression; however, little is known about the effects or underlying mechanism of RASSF1A on the malignant phenotype. In the present study, we observed that RASSF1A expression inhibited the malignant phenotypes of NPC cells. Stable silencing of RASSF1A in NPC cell lines induced self-renewal properties and tumorigenicity in vivo/in vitro and the acquisition of an invasive phenotype in vitro. Mechanistically, RASSF1A inactivated Yes-associated Protein 1 (YAP1), a transcriptional coactivator, through actin remodeling, which further contributed to Platelet Derived Growth Factor Subunit B (PDGFB) transcription inhibition. Treatment with ectopic PDGFB partially increased the malignancy of NPC cells with transient knockdown of YAP1. Collectively, these findings suggest that RASSF1A inhibits malignant phenotypes by repressing PDGFB expression in a YAP1-dependent manner. PDGFB may serve as a potential interest of therapeutic regulators in patients with metastatic NPC.
ERO1L promotes IL6/sIL6R signaling and regulates MUC16 expression to promote CA125 secretion and the metastasis of lung cancer cells
Authors: lei Yuanyuan , Zang Ruochuan , Lu Zhiliang , Zhang Guochao , Huang Jianbing , Liu Chengming , Wang Zhanyu , Mao Shuangshuang , Che Yun , Wang Xinfeng , Zheng Sufei , Fang Lingling , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe abnormal secretion of CA125, a classic tumor marker, is usually related to a poor prognosis in various tumors. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms that promote CA125 secretion in lung cancer. By querying the database, the gene endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1L (ERO1L) was identified and chosen as the research subject. The antibody chips were used to screen the lung cancer cell supernatant and found that the most obvious secreted protein was CA125. ERO1L was found to promote the secretion of IL6R by affecting the formation of disulfide bonds. IL6R bound to IL6 and triggered the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Then, NF-κB bound to the promoter of MUC16, resulting in overexpression of MUC16. The extracellular segment of MUC16 was cleaved to form CA125, while the C terminus of MUC16 promoted the EMT phenotype and the release of IL6, forming a positive feedback pathway. In conclusion, ERO1L might affect the secretion of CA125 through the IL6 signaling pathway and form a positive feedback loop to further promote the development of lung cancer. This might expand the application scope of CA125 in lung cancer.
The Janus-like role of proline metabolism in cancer
Authors: Burke Lynsey , Guterman Inna , Palacios Gallego Raquel , Britton Robert G. , Burschowsky Daniel , Tufarelli Cristina , Rufini Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe metabolism of the non-essential amino acid L-proline is emerging as a key pathway in the metabolic rewiring that sustains cancer cells proliferation, survival and metastatic spread. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) enzymes, which catalyze the last step in proline biosynthesis and the first step of its catabolism, respectively, have been extensively associated with the progression of several malignancies, and have been exposed as potential targets for anticancer drug development. As investigations into the links between proline metabolism and cancer accumulate, the complexity, and sometimes contradictory nature of this interaction emerge. It is clear that the role of proline metabolism enzymes in cancer depends on tumor type, with different cancers and cancer-related phenotypes displaying different dependencies on these enzymes. Unexpectedly, the outcome of rewiring proline metabolism also differs between conditions of nutrient and oxygen limitation. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of proline metabolism in cancer; we collate the experimental evidence that links proline metabolism with the different aspects of cancer progression and critically discuss the potential mechanisms involved.
Interferon-γ signaling synergizes with LRRK2 in neurons and microglia derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Panagiotakopoulou Vasiliki , Ivanyuk Dina , De Cicco Silvia , Haq Wadood , Arsić Aleksandra , Yu Cong , Messelodi Daria , Oldrati Marvin , Schöndorf David C. , Perez Maria-Jose , Cassatella Ruggiero Pio , Jakobi Meike , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Gasser Thomas , Nikić-Spiegel Ivana , Deleidi Michela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease-associated kinase LRRK2 has been linked to IFN type II (IFN-γ) response in infections and to dopaminergic neuronal loss. However, whether and how LRRK2 synergizes with IFN-γ remains unclear. In this study, we employed dopaminergic neurons and microglia differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells carrying LRRK2 G2019S, the most common Parkinson’s disease-associated mutation. We show that IFN-γ enhances the LRRK2 G2019S-dependent negative regulation of AKT phosphorylation and NFAT activation, thereby increasing neuronal vulnerability to immune challenge. Mechanistically, LRRK2 G2019S suppresses NFAT translocation via calcium signaling and possibly through microtubule reorganization. In microglia, LRRK2 modulates cytokine production and the glycolytic switch in response to IFN-γ in an NFAT-independent manner. Activated LRRK2 G2019S microglia cause neurite shortening, indicating that LRRK2-driven immunological changes can be neurotoxic. We propose that synergistic LRRK2/IFN-γ activation serves as a potential link between inflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease.
Light-steered locomotion of muscle-like hydrogel by self-coordinated shape change and friction modulation
Authors: Zhu Qing Li , Du Cong , Dai Yahao , Daab Matthias , Matejdes Marian , Breu Josef , Hong Wei , Zheng Qiang , Wu Zi Liang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany creatures have the ability to traverse challenging environments by using their active muscles with anisotropic structures as the motors in a highly coordinated fashion. However, most artificial robots require multiple independently activated actuators to achieve similar purposes. Here we report a hydrogel-based, biomimetic soft robot capable of multimodal locomotion fueled and steered by light irradiation. A muscle-like poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanocomposite hydrogel is prepared by electrical orientation of nanosheets and subsequent gelation. Patterned anisotropic hydrogels are fabricated by multi-step electrical orientation and photolithographic polymerization, affording programmed deformations. Under light irradiation, the gold-nanoparticle-incorporated hydrogels undergo concurrent fast isochoric deformation and rapid increase in friction against a hydrophobic substrate. Versatile motion gaits including crawling, walking, and turning with controllable directions are realized in the soft robots by dynamic synergy of localized shape-changing and friction manipulation under spatiotemporal light stimuli. The principle and strategy should merit designing of continuum soft robots with biomimetic mechanisms.