bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference intervals of acute phase proteins in healthy Andalusian donkeys and response to experimentally induced endotoxemia
Authors: Perez‐Ecija Alejandro , Buzon‐Cuevas Antonio , Aguilera‐Aguilera Raul , Gonzalez‐De Cara Carlos , Mendoza Garcia Franciso J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of acute phase proteins (APPs) may allow prompt detection of diseases in donkeys, that otherwise may be missed because of the stoic behavior of donkeys. Reference intervals (RIs) of APPs measured using immunoassays and a comparison of the response of these biomarkers to a controlled inflammatory insult are lacking in donkeys.Objectives(a) To describe the RIs for APPs in healthy Andalusian donkeys, (b) to study the effects of sex and age on APPs, and (c) to assess the early response of APPs to experimentally induced endotoxemia.AnimalsSeventy‐three healthy Andalusian donkeys (67 for RIs and 6 for endotoxemia).MethodsSerum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), C‐reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (Cp), α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), procalcitonin (PCT), ferritin (Ft), and fibrinogen (Fb) RIs were determined. Endotoxemia was induced and samples for APP determination were obtained at regular intervals for 4 hours.ResultsThe RIs in Andalusian donkeys were: SAA (0.1‐0.6 mg/L), Hp (75‐2261 mg/L), CRP (1.3‐7.0 mg/L), Cp (0‐745 mg/L), AGP (0‐884 mg/L), PCT (0‐504 pg/mL), Ft (26.9‐31.8 μg/L), and Fb (115‐466 mg/dL). Concentrations of SAA were higher (P < .05) in jacks. Donkeys <5 years old had higher Cp, AGP, and PCT compared to older donkeys. Concentrations of SAA and Hp were significantly increased in endotoxemic donkeys from 2 hours postinduction.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe illustrated the importance of using species‐specific RIs for APPs in donkeys and the effect of age and sex on APP concentrations. Concentrations of SAA and Hp appear to be the most useful biomarkers in donkeys in the early stages of endotoxemia.
Sensitization to A fumigatus in subjects with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Dhooria Sahajal , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Muthu Valliappan , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Rawat Amit , Pal Arnab , Bal Amanjit , Garg Mandeep , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF), are frequently sensitized to Aspergillus fumigatus. Whether patients with non‐CF bronchiectasis develop sensitization to A fumigatus remains unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of sensitization and chronic infection with A fumigatus in subjects with bronchiectasis. We also performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors predicting sensitization and chronic A fumigatus infection.MethodsSubjects with bronchiectasis were investigated with serum A fumigatus‐specific IgE and IgG, and sputum cultures for bacteria, fungus and mycobacteria. We defined A fumigatus sensitization and chronic A fumigatus infection as serum A fumigatus‐specific IgE and IgG > 0.35 kUA/L and >27 mgA/L, respectively. We excluded subjects with bronchiectasis secondary to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.ResultsWe included 258 subjects (TB [n = 155], idiopathic [n = 66] and other causes [n = 37]) with bronchiectasis. The prevalence of Aspergillus sensitization, chronic Aspergillus infection, and both sensitization and chronic infection was 29.5% (76/258), 76% (196/258) and 26% (68/258), respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, TB‐related bronchiectasis was an independent risk factor for Aspergillus sensitization. Chronic Aspergillus infection was predicted by the duration of symptoms and specific aetiologies (tuberculosis and idiopathic) of bronchiectasis. The growth of Aspergillus species was also frequent in the TB group compared with other causes (32% vs 2%; P < .001).ConclusionsWe found a significant occurrence of Aspergillus sensitization and chronic infection in non‐CF bronchiectasis, especially in TB bronchiectasis. In addition to Aspergillus sensitization, investigations for chronic Aspergillus infection should be routinely performed in non‐CF bronchiectasis, both at diagnosis and during follow‐up.
Understanding children and young people's experiences pursuing weight loss maintenance using the Socio‐ecological Model: A qualitative systematic literature review
Authors: Lang Sarah , Gibson Simone , Ng Ker Wei , Truby Helen 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDeveloping a broader understanding of children and young people's experiences of long‐term attempts of weight management may provide insight into both enablers and barriers to successful weight loss maintenance. This review aims to explore children and young people's perceptions of long‐term attempts of weight management. Six databases were searched for qualitative studies describing young participants (<25 years, previously or currently above a healthy weight) experiences of weight management for >6 months following intentional weight loss. A thematic synthesis was undertaken. Themes were interpreted using the Socio‐ecological Model. Factors supporting attempts to maintain weight loss included having clear motivation for change; developing personal skills to manage the challenges of change; family support/dynamics that encourage healthy lifestyles; and health‐promoting cultures in schools/workplaces, communities, and the broader living environment. Conversely, ambivalence, difficulty coping with changes, peer pressure, challenging family dynamics, limited professional support, and unhealthy living environments were barriers to maintaining behavior change. These facilitators and barriers at each level of the Socio‐ecological Model informed a model of weight loss maintenance for children and young people. Supporting children, young people, and families to develop the skills to manage the individual, social, and environmental challenges that shape attempts of long‐term weight management will help to support their ability to manage their weight long term.
Optimal insertion depth of subclavian vein catheterization via the right supraclavicular approach in children
Authors: Ye Ping , Tan Yanzhe , Shi Shujun , Liu Lifei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMethods to determine the optimal insertion depth of ultrasound‐guided supraclavicular approach to the subclavian vein (SCV) catheterization, alternatively used for central venous access, are debatable in children.AimWe investigated the applicability and reliability of the modified formula for determining the depth of SCV catheterization using an ultrasound‐guided supraclavicular approach in children.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 36 children (age <6 years; weight ≥5 kg) scheduled to undergo congenital heart disease surgery. After intubation, ultrasound‐guided supraclavicular approach to the SCV catheterization was performed. Actual insertion depth was determined by real‐time transesophageal echocardiography. Insertion depth was calculated by subtracting 1 cm from the sum of the distance from the insertion point to the sternal head of the right clavicle and that from the latter point to the midpoint of a perpendicular line drawn from the sternal head of the right clavicle to the line connecting the nipples.ResultsInsertion depth calculated with the modified formula and actual insertion depth of the SCV catheter correlated strongly (r = .806, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.658‒0.908; p < .001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean bias and precision of 0.36 and 0.65 cm, respectively (95% CI: 0.14‒0.58, 95% limits of agreement: −0.92, 1.64). All plots were above the −1.0 line, indicating no catheter tip insertion into the right atrium.ConclusionsOptimal insertion depth for an ultrasound‐guided supraclavicular approach to the SCV catheterization can be calculated using modification of a surface landmark formula in children younger than 6 years and weight heavier than 5 kg.
Parents’ experiences of family health conversations after having a child in need of neonatal intensive care
Authors: Åberg Petersson Marie , Persson Carina , Massoudi Pamela , Benzein Eva , Wåhlin Ingrid 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWhen a newborn child requires neonatal intensive care, it is often the beginning of a journey of stress and worry for the parents. Such situations could cause difficulties in problem‐solving and communication within the family and result in decreased family functioning. Studies have shown that nurse‐led interventions in the form of Family Health Conversations promote family’s well‐being and functioning and strengthen their relationships. However, this model has not previous been used and evaluated with families who have a child in need of neonatal intensive care.AimTo describe parents’ experiences of participating in Family Health Conversations after having a child in need of neonatal intensive care.MethodFamily interviews were conducted with 12 families from three neonatal intensive care units in southern Sweden, six months after a Family Health Conversations intervention. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe parents experienced the Family Health Conversations as an opportunity to co‐create a comprehensive picture of what had happened after their child was born. Parents shared their experiences of the Family Health Conversations in terms of feeling validated and strengthened as individuals, as a couple, and as a family. They found the conversations to be supportive to their well‐being and to processing experiences and becoming equipped for the future. The parents reported that it was valuable to talk with conversational leaders who had knowledge in neonatal care and who thereby understood what the parents were talking about. This provided a different type of support compared with other conversational contacts.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of having an early onset of family conversations in order to help the parents to cope with their challenges and improve their well‐being.
Morphodynamics of supercritical flow in a linked river and delta system, Daihai Lake, Northern China
Authors: Tan Chengpeng , Plink‐BjÖrklund Piret 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHistorically, the occurrence of Froude supercritical flow and preservation of its deposits was considered rare in natural systems. Over recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates that Froude supercritical flow is a significant formative flow across the terrestrial and marine landscapes, and responsible for much of the sedimentary record from rivers to deepwater systems. This riverbank, trench, ground penetrating radar and modern riverbed dataset from the Bantanzi stream in the Daihai Lake basin, northern China, documents a linked river and delta succession dominated by sedimentary structures formed by supercritical flow. This study links the sedimentary structures in river deposits to modern bedforms in the dry riverbed, and discusses how the sedimentary structures and the supercritical flow morphodynamics change from the river to the delta front. In addition to well‐known decimetre to metre‐scale sedimentary structures produced by supercritical flow in the river deposits, centimetre‐scale sedimentary structures were found on the delta front that were quantitatively linked to deposition from cyclic step migration, utilizing a theoretical framework. This work further documents two types of clinoform geometries in delta foresets. One of these clinoform geometries is consistent with deltaic processes controlled by hydraulic jumps at the river mouth, and the other with hydraulic jumps at the base of delta foresets. Comparison with flume experiments and quantitative assessment show that ephemeral rivers, like the Bantanzi stream, are likely to produce supercritical flow also on their delta fronts, and link the supercritical flow occurrences to the highly seasonal and intense monsoon precipitation in this semi‐arid region. This work sheds light on current fundamental understanding of sediment transport and deposition processes from river to delta and highlights the effect of cyclic steps in these processes.
Effect of Porous Carbon Morphologies and Composite Manufacturing Processes on Long-Cycling Performance in High Sulfur Loading Li–S Batteries
Authors: Song Haneul , Shin Kyung-Hee , Jin Chang-Soo , Jang Sang-Soon , Park Se-Kook , Yeon Sun-Hwa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Long-cycling performance of Li–S batteries was studied with the high-sulfur loading composites composed of 86% sulfur and 14% carbon. The composites are made by the physical mixing and S-liquefied pore-filling processes with nano sulfur powder and two kinds of porous carbons. The initial discharge capacities of the composite prepared by the physical mixing and liquefied pore-filling with 1-μm-sized carbon were 1060 mAh/g and 1121 mAh/g, respectively. On the other hand, the capacities of the composite using 5-μm-sized carbon were 705 mAh/g in physical mixing and 845 mAh/g in the liquefied pore-filling process. The composite with the 1-μm carbon showed approximately ∼1.4 times higher than that of 5 μm. The reason for this difference is that the surface area of the sulfur wrapping the small particle carbon surface is larger than that of the composite wrapping the large particle carbon surface. Importantly, after 500 cycles, the cycle stability in the physical mixing process is 15∼30% higher than that in the S-liquefied pore-filling process in both carbons, due to the decrease of electrolyte resistance by capturing polysulfide into the pores which are not filled by the sulfur during the process. In the case of high-sulfur loading composites, the manufacturing process as well as the size and morphologies of the carbon are crucial factors that affect the capacity and cycle stability of the Li–S battery.
Vibrations Analysis of Cable-Harnessed Plates: Continuum Modeling and Experimental Validation
Authors: Agrawal Pranav , Salehian Armaghan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dynamic modeling of spacecraft structures is imperative to their successful design for flight missions. A large number of these structures’ dry mass consists of signal and power cables, dynamics of which is not well-predicted using ad hoc cable lumped mass models. Hence, accurate modeling techniques are required to understand these cable dynamics effects. In the past, efforts toward developing analytical models for cable-harnessed structures have been primarily focused on beam-like host structures. The presented paper is aimed to fill this gap by obtaining analytical solutions through an energy-equivalent homogenization approach for cable-harnessed plate-like structures and to ultimately help with understanding the dynamic effects of signal and power cables on two-dimensional plate-like structures. As a first step, systems of periodic geometries with parallel cable configurations are considered. The strain and kinetic energy expressions for the fundamental repeated elements are found using linear displacement fields and Green–Lagrange strain tensors. The governing partial differential equation (PDE) for the out-of-plane motion of the cable-harnessed system is then found using Hamilton’s principle. Experimental modal testing is performed for the purpose of validations of the frequency response functions (FRFs) obtained from the model for the cable-harnessed plates under clamped-free-free-free boundary conditions. The results clearly show the dynamic effects of the (CFFF) cables which are also well-predicted by the model. Finally, modal assurance criterion (MAC) analysis has been used for further validations of the mode shapes obtained from the model.
Dynamic Stress Analysis of Exposed Pipes Subjected to a Moving In-Line Inspection Tool
Authors: Mostaghimi Hamid , Hassani Mohsen , Yu Deli , Hugo Ron , Park Simon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn-line inspection (ILI) is a non-destructive assessment method commonly used for defect assessment and for pipeline monitoring. Passing an ILI tool through an excavated or exposed section of a pipe during an integrity assessment can excite vibrations. The ILI tool’s weight and speed can exert substantial forces, stresses, and deflections on the pipe section. When the excitation frequency from the ILI tool’s movement is close to the pipe’s natural frequency, the dynamic stress generated within the pipe can become great enough that it creates integrity concerns on the pipeline. This research aims to study the effects of an ILI tool’s passage through exposed and partially supported pipes under a variety of boundary and loading conditions. A finite element model of an exposed pipe section is developed based on the Timoshenko beam theory to predict the pipe’s displacement, strain, stress, and frequency responses under a wide range of excitation frequencies. The model is further validated using a lab-scale experimental setup with a mass that moves at different speeds. A comparison between the simulation and the experimental results shows that the proposed model can effectively predict the pipe’s dynamics.
Suction-Controlled Detachment of Mushroom-Shaped Adhesive Structures
Authors: Areyano Marcela , Booth Jamie A. , Brouwer Dane , Gockowski Luke F. , Valentine Megan T. , McMeeking Robert M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that suction may play a role in the attachment strength of mushroom-tipped adhesive structures, but the system parameters which control this effect are not well established. A fracture mechanics-based model is introduced to determine the critical stress for defect propagation at the interface in the presence of trapped air. These results are compared with an experimental investigation of millimeter-scale elastomeric structures. These structures are found to exhibit a greater increase in strength due to suction than is typical in the literature, as they have a large tip diameter relative to the stalk. The model additionally provides insight into differences in expected behavior across the design space of mushroom-shaped structures. For example, the model reveals that the suction contribution is length-scale dependent. It is enhanced for larger structures due to increased volume change, and thus the attainment of lower pressures, inside of the defect. This scaling effect is shown to be less pronounced if the tip is made wider relative to the stalk. An asymptotic result is also provided in the limit that the defect is far outside of the stalk, showing that the critical stress is lower by a factor of 1/2 than the result often used in the literature to estimate the effect of suction. This discrepancy arises as the latter considers only the balance of remote stress and pressure inside the defect and neglects the influence of compressive tractions outside of the defect.
Mechanistic insights from emergent landslides in physical experiments
Authors: Beaulieu Olivia P. , Witte Libby D. , Wickert Andrew D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLandslides pose a major natural hazard, and heterogeneous conditions and limited data availability in the field make it difficult to connect mapped landslide inventories to the underlying mass-failure mechanics. To test and build predictive links between landslide observations and mechanics, we monitored 67.89 h of physical experiments in which an incising and laterally migrating river generated landslides by undercutting banks of moist sand. Using overhead photos (every 20 s) and 1-mm-resolution laser topographic scans (every 15–30 min), we quantified the area, width, length, depth, volume, and time of every visible landslide, as well as the scarp angles for those within 3 min prior to a topographic scan. Both the landslide area–frequency distribution and area–volume relationship are consistent with those from field data. Cohesive strength controlled the peak in landslide area–frequency distribution. These results provide experimental support for inverting landslide inventories to recover the mechanical properties of hillslopes, which can then be used to improve hazard predictions.
Production of light nuclei at colliders – coalescence vs. thermal model
Authors: Mrówczyński Stanisław 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe production of light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is well described by both the thermal model, where light nuclei are in equilibrium with hadrons of all species present in a fireball, and by the coalescence model, where light nuclei are formed due to final-state interactions after the fireball decays. We present and critically discuss the two models and further on we consider two proposals to falsify one of the models. The first proposal is to measure a yield of exotic nuclide 4Li and compare it to that of 4He. The ratio of yields of the nuclides is quite different in the thermal and coalescence models. The second proposal is to measure a hadron-deuteron correlation function which carries information whether a deuteron is emitted from a fireball together with all other hadrons, as assumed in the thermal model, or a deuteron is formed only after nucleons are emitted, as in the coalescence model. The p − 3He correlation function is of interest in context of both proposals: it is needed to obtain the yield of 4Li which decays into p and 3He, but the correlation function can also tell us about an origin of 3He.
Phase diagram of strongly interacting matter: the last 20 years at the CERN SPS
Authors: Gazdzicki Marek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwenty years ago, on February 10, 2000, the CERN Director General Luciano Maiani announced: The combined data coming from the seven experiments on CERN’s Heavy Ion programme have given a clear picture of a new state of matter. This result verifies an important prediction of the present theory of fundamental forces between quarks. This report briefly reviews studies of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter with relativistic nuclear collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron which followed the CERN’s press release on the quark-gluon plasma discovery. An attempt to formulate priorities for future measurements at the CERN SPS closes the paper. The report is dedicated to David Blaschke who celebrated his 60th birthday in 2019. David’s contribution to the studies presented here was very significant.
Effects of the QCD phase transition on hadronic observables in relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion reactions in the FAIR/NICA energy regime
Authors: Spieles Christian , Bleicher Marcus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigate hadronic particle spectra and flow characteristics of heavy-ion reactions in the FAIR/NICA energy range of 1 AGeV ≤Elab≤ 10 AGeV within a relativistic ideal hydrodynamic one-fluid approach. The particlization is realized by sampling the Cooper-Frye distribution for a grand canonical hadron gas on a hypersurface of constant energy density. Results of the hydrodynamic calculations for different underlying equations of state are presented and compared with experimental data and microscopic transport simulations. The sensitivity of the approach to physical model inputs concerning the initial state and the particlization is studied.
An overview of techniques applied to the extraction of non-pollen palynomorphs, their known taphonomic issues and recommendations to maximize recovery
Authors: Pound Matthew J. , O'Keefe Jennifer M. K. , Marret Fabienne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter synthesizes the most common processing techniques applied to palynomorphs and their known issues. We primarily focus on non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), but include studies on pollen grains where the information might be relevant. An overview of recent (2017–19) NPP publications is used to connect the most common techniques to known taphonomic issues. Finally, general recommendations are made to minimize processing bias and maximize NPP recovery.