bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insufficient Tuberculosis Treatment Leads to Earlier and Higher Mortality in Individuals Who Co-Infected with HIV in Southern China: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zheng Zhigang , Nehl Eric J. , Zhou Chongxing , Li Jianjun , Xie Zhouhua , Zhou Zijun , Liang Hao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are the leading causes of death globally. However, little is known about the long-term mortality risk and timeline of death in those co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This study sought to understand the long-term mortality risk, factors, timeline of death in those with HIV-mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) coinfection, particularly in those TB treatment are insufficient. Methods: TB-cause specific deaths, classified using a modified ‘Coding of Cause of Death in HIV’ protocol. A longitudinal cross-registration-system checking approach was used to confirm HIV/MTB co-infection between two observational cohorts. The changes of mortality from the end of TB treatment (6 months) to post-treatment year (PTY) 5 (60 months) was investigated by different TB treatment outcomes. General linear model was used to estimate the mean mortality at each time-point and change between time-points. Cox’s proportional hazard regression measured the mortality hazard risk (HR) at each time-point. The Mantel-Haenszel stratification was used to identify mortality risk factors. Mortality density was calculated by person year of followed-up. Results: At the end point, mortality among HIV/MTB coinfection was 34.7%. From the end of TB treatment to PTY5, mortality of percentage and of person year in individuals with TBFMA were significant higher than those with TBC and TBCR. Compared to individuals with TBC and with TBCR, individuals with TBFMA were tend to die earlier, mortality was significantly higher (HR TBFMA-TBC = 3.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.5-3.6, HR TBFMA-TBCR = 2.9, 95% CI: 2.5-3.4, P < 0.0001). Those who were naïve to antiretroviral therapy, were farmers, had lower CD4 counts (≤200 cells/μL ) and were ≥50 years of age were at the highest risk of mortality. Mortality risk for participants with TBFMA was significant higher across all stratifications except those with a CD4 count of ≤200 cells/μL. Conclusions: Earlier and long-term mortality of HIV/MTB co-infection is a significant problem when TB treatment fails or is inadequate.
Betalain exerts protective effect against glaucoma is majorly through the association of inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Wang Jiadi , Zhang Dandan , Cao Conghong , Yao Jing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present research aimed at evaluating the protective role of betalain on the in vitro glaucoma model using PC12 neuronal cells. The cultured neuronal cells in a customized pressurized chamber were analyzed for the onset of glutathione, myeloperoxidase (MPO), cathepsin, expression of inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase (COX-1), lipooxygenase (5- LOX), sPLA2 caveolin-1, glaucoma markers and other inflammatory cytokines in the presence and absence of betalain. The results shown that a significant increase in the expression of oxidative stress with increased activity of cathepsin B and D. On the other hand, the activity of inflammatory enzymes such as COX-1, 5- LOX, sPLA2 were significantly increased in pressure exposed cells. In addition, glaucoma simulated cells demonstrated cells displayed a significant increase in the VEGF, TGF-β, BDGF and neuroserpin compared to control. Moreover, cells predisposed to hydrostatic pressure demonstrated an increase in (p<0.01) inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, CXCR4, IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. However, cells pre-treated with betalain improved the glutathione levels with attenuated MPO activity. Simultaneously, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and other glaucoma marker genes were found to restore in drug pre-treated cells. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that the use of betalain on ocular cells can prevent the progression of the disease that can be a suggestive therapeutic for controlling glaucoma like conditions.
Moving the Goal Posts in movement pattern modification using a robotic force field
Authors: Xu Yangmengfei , Crocher Vincent , Fong Justin , Tan Ying , Oetomo Denny 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Moving the Goal Posts (MGP) typically refers to a progressive change of goal or objective - a classic mechanism to promote motor function improvement in neuro-rehabilitative therapy. However, this MGP idea is still missing in the literature of robotic-assisted strategies to improve quality of movement, which is of high-importance in motor neuro-rehabilitation. This study aims to investigate if an MGP approach in a robotic-assisted upper limb movement pattern modification leads to a larger swivel angle change on healthy subjects during a reaching task training. Methodology Randomised control single blind study. Healthy naive subjects were allocated into two groups: Control (N=10) and MGP (N=10) and performed the same reaching tasks under different interventions provided by a manipulandum robotic device. During the intervention, the robotic device applied an Indirect Shaping Control (ISC): a resistive viscous force applied at the subject's hand as a function of the subject's swivel angle to encourage a modification of the later towards a 10° increase. In the MGP group, the goal was altered progressively towards the overall 10° increase in swivel angle, while in the Control group, the goal was set constant to the 10° from the beginning. Results A significant increase of the swivel angle, of 4.0° and 6.2° respectively, was observed in both groups (p<0.05). A significantly larger change was observed in the MGP group (p<0.001). All but one subject adapted into a new movement pattern, but no significant retention was observed in any of the two groups after intervention. Conclusion The superior effect of the intervention with the MGP approach compared to the constant goal demonstrates that the progressivity of learning plays an important role in this context and can ultimately lead to larger changes. Nevertheless, in both cases the effect of the intervention was small and longer interventions and/or steeper progressivity should be investigated to obtain larger changes. Retention was not observed in any group, but this may be different in a motor neuro-rehabilitation context where the newly taught movement pattern may result in additional movement capabilities or other benefits for neurologically impaired individuals.
COVID-19 Pandemic Prediction for Hungary; a Hybrid Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Pinter Gergo , Felde Imre , Mosavi Amir , Ghamisi Pedram , Gloaguen Richard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Several epidemiological models are being used around the world to project the number of infected individuals and the mortality rates of the COVID-19 outbreak. Advancing accurate prediction models is of utmost importance to take proper actions. Due to a high level of uncertainty or even lack of essential data, the standard epidemiological models have been challenged regarding the delivery of higher accuracy for long-term prediction. As an alternative to the susceptible-infected-resistant (SIR)-based models, this study proposes a hybrid machine learning approach to predict the COVID-19 and we exemplify its potential using data from Hungary. The hybrid machine learning methods of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multi-layered perceptron-imperialist competitive algorithm (MLP-ICA) are used to predict time series of infected individuals and mortality rate. The models predict that by late May, the outbreak and the total morality will drop substantially. The validation is performed for nine days with promising results, which confirms the model accuracy. It is expected that the model maintains its accuracy as long as no significant interruption occurs. Based on the results reported here, and due to the complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and variation in its behavior from nation-to-nation, this study suggests machine learning as an effective tool to model the outbreak. This paper provides an initial benchmarking to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for future research.
Phytomolecules having flavone and napthofuran nucleus exhibited better binding G-score against protease and SPIKE protein of novel corona virus COVID-19
Authors: A Karthik Aravinda Rajan , VS Muthusamy , M Ramanathan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present study aims to screen the different phytoconstituents and drugs for potential treatment of the corona virus COVID-19 and for specificity through virtual screening. The plant molecules selected were based upon traditional knowledge and are prescribed in the Indian system of medicine for infectious/ respiratory conditions. The three target proteins selected for the study are 3CLpro, PLpro, and SPIKE. These proteins have defined pathological roles in disease transmission. The virtual screening was carried out in these proteins using the GLIDE Schrödinger Maestro software version 11.9.011. The efficacy was assessed by the calculated G-score of the ligand interaction with the amino acid side chains of the ligand binding domain. Molecules such as saponarin, mangiferin, and hesperidin exhibited better G-score with 3CLpro and PLpro. Similarly, diphyllin and tuberculatin exhibited better G-score for SPIKE protein. The reference anti malarial drug hydroxychloroquine showed better interactions with 3CLpro and PLpro. Similarly, protease inhibitors and antiviral drugs have shown interaction with 3CLpro specific protease protein. Interestingly, SPIKE protein ligands, diphyllin and tuberculatin from Justicia adhatoda (vasaka), were found to be unique and did not show affinity to protease inhibitor. It can be concluded, that the molecules having flavone scaffolds show better binding affinity with protease proteins 3CLpro and PLpro. SPIKE protein scaffold is different and showed better binding affinity with molecules having naptho-furan ring. The traditionally used plant phytoconstituents did not exhibit good binding affinity; however, we believe that a combination of these herbs might induce human immune system against microbial infection.
Quantitative microscale Fe redox imaging by multiple energy X-ray fluorescence mapping at the FeKpre-edge peak
Authors: Ellison Eric T. , Mayhew Lisa E. , Miller Hannah M. , Templeton Alexis S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFe oxidation/reduction reactions play a fundamental role in a wide variety of geological processes. In natural materials, Fe redox state commonly varies across small spatial scales at reaction interfaces, yet the approaches available for quantitatively mapping the Fe redox state at the microscale are limited. We have designed an optimized synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopic approach that allows microscale quantitative mapping of Fe valence state by extending the Fe XANES pre-edge technique. An area of interest is mapped at nine energies between 7109–7118 eV and at 7200 eV, allowing reconstruction, baseline subtraction, and integration of the pre-edge feature to determine Fe(III)/ΣFe with 2 μm spatial resolution. By combining the Fe redox mapping approach with hyperspectral Raman mineralogy mapping, the Fe oxidation state distributions of the major mineral phases are revealed. In this work, the method is applied to a partially serpentinized peridotite with various Fe-bearing secondary mineral phases to trace the Fe transformations and redox changes that occurred during its alteration. Analysis with the Fe redox mapping technique revealed that the peridotite contained relict olivine with abundant Fe(II), while serpentine, pyroaurite, and another hydroxide phase are secondary mineral reservoirs of Fe(III). Although serpentine is not Fe-rich, it contained approximately 74% ± 14% Fe(III)/ΣFe. These analytical results are integral to interpreting the sequence of alteration reactions; serpentinization of primary olivine formed Fe(II)-rich brucite and oxidized serpentine, which could have contributed to H2 production during serpentinization. Subsequent weathering by oxidizing, CO2-bearing fluids led to the partial carbonation and oxidation of brucite, forming pyroaurite and a hydroxide phase containing dominantly Fe(III). This Fe redox imaging approach is applicable to standard petrographic thin sections or grain mounts and can be applied to various geologic and biogeochemical systems.
Development a Generic Transaction Processing System Based on Business Process Metadata
Authors: Bertaqwa Addin Gama , Saptawati G.A. Putri , Widagdo Tricya E. 
Published: May 2020

The business processes has a major role in the activities of an organization. Organizations have various types of information systems that support the business processes. One of the systems that support the operations of an organization’s business processes is a transaction processing system that serves to record the daily routine transactions necessary in running a business. In the implementation of business process on information systems, often occur repetitive coding activities for additions or changes to business processes.
In general, business process consist of a set of activities and relate to each other between one activity to another. To overcome the problem of repetitive coding implementation, relations between activities must be modelled. In this thesis, business process mapping to data level using metadata approach is proposed as a solution to manage any execution services build on information systems, so that developers can focus to the business process flows. The constructed data model divide building blocks of business process into three type such as event, task and gateway. The data model that has been found capable of storing business process as well as the execution flow of the business process into database.
The transaction processing system has been built based on the data model of the process that has been found. Executor of business process has been developed based on metadata that has been designed. From the test results concluded that metadata is able to define business process, and the executor can control the flow of executions of business process correctly. Control of the execution flow of the business process can be done manually by the user or automatically by the executor based on the defined rules in metadata.
Immunological Function of the Antibacterial Peptide Attacin-Like in the Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi
Authors: Li Qingqing , Zhang Jiawei , Sun Yu , Wang Lei , Qian Cen , Wei Guoqing , Zhu Baojian , Liu Chaoliang 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Antibacterial peptides play important roles in the innate immune system
of insects and are divided into four categories according to their structures. Although many antibacterial
peptides have been reported in lepidopteran insects, the roles of an attacin-like gene in immune
response of Antheraea pernyi remain unclear.

Objective:
In this study, the cloning and immunological functions of an attacin-like gene from Antheraea
pernyi were investigated.

Methods:
The open reading frame of Ap-attacin-like gene was cloned by PCR using the specific
primers and then was ligated to the pET-32a vector to construct the recombinant plasmids Ap-attacin-
like-pET-32a. The recombinant Ap-attacin-like protein was expressed in E. coli (BL21 DE3)
cells and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The expression patterns of Ap-attacin-like
in different tissues or under microorganism challenges were investigated by real-time PCR and
western blotting. Finally, agar well diffusion assay was performed to determine the antimicrobial
activity of the recombinant Ap-attacin-like proteins based on the inhibition rate.

Results:
The expression level of Ap-attacin-like was highest in the fat body compared with the
other examined tissues. The expression of Ap-attacin-like in the fat body was significantly elevated
after E. coli, Beauveria bassiana, Micrococcus luteus or Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus challenges. In
addition, the recombinant Ap-attacin-like proteins had obvious antibacterial activity against E. coli.

Conclusion:
Ap-attacin-like was highly expressed in immune-related tissues and its expression level
was significantly induced by different microorganism challenges, suggesting that Ap-attacin-like
participated in the innate immunity of A. pernyi.
Bio-Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Phosphate Nanoparticles Using Enterobacter aerogenes Cells for Antibacterial and Anticorrosion Applications
Authors: Sadeghi-Aghbash Mona , Rahimnejad Mostafa , Pourali S. Masoomeh 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The promising properties of Zinc Phosphate (ZnP) Nanoparticles (NPs) have
made them come into prominence as one of the most favorable catalysts in various industries with ever-
increasing applications. Among several proposed synthetic methods, biological methods have mostly
been desired for their sheer person-environment compatibility in comparison with those of chemical
and physical ones.

Objective:
Therefore, the synthesis of ZnP NPs via biological route was developed in this study.

Method:
Herein proposed a facile, applicable procedure for ZnP NPs via biosynthesis route, which included
precipitation of Zinc Nitrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate
((NH4)2HPO4) in the presence of Enterobacter aerogenes as the synthetic intermediate. Investigation
of the anti-corrosion behavior of the synthesized NPs was explored on carbon steel in the hydrochloric
acid corrosive environment to provide deeper insight into their unique anti-corrosion properties. Additionally,
their antibacterial activities were also examined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
and Streptococcus mutans.

Results:
The results of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
(EDS) analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnP NPs. Moreover, the examinations of
both anti-corrosion and antibacterial properties, revealed that the synthesized NPs could be a promising
anti-corrosion/antibacterial agent.

Conclusion:
ZnP NPs with an average size of 30-35 nm were successfully synthesized via the simple,
suitable biological method. Results implied that these particles could be used as a non-toxic, environmentally
friendly, corrosion-resistant and antibacterial agent instead of toxic and uneco-friendly ones.
MicroR-26b Targets High Mobility Group, AT-hook 2 to Ameliorate Myocardial Infarction-induced Fibrosis by Suppression of Cardiac Fibroblasts Activation
Authors: Chen Xiao , Ding Zhaosheng , Li Tong , Jiang Wei , Zhang Jiawei , Deng Xuejun 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Myocardial Fibrosis (MF) is an important physiological change after
myocardial infarction (MI). MicroRNA-26b (MiR-26b) has a certain inhibitory effect on pulmonary
fibrosis. However, the role of miR-26b in MI-induced MF rats and underlying molecular
mechanisms remain unknown.

Methods:
Forty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into four groups
(n=10): Sham group, MF group, MF + negative control (NC) agomir group and MF + miR-26b
agomir group. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from cardiac tissue. Fibrosis levels were detected
by MASSON staining, while the expression of related genes was detected by RT-qPCR, Western
blotting and Immunohistochemistry, respectively. TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter assay
were utilized to predict the relationship between miR-26b and high mobility group, AT-hook 2
(HMGA2).

Results:
The study found the expression of miR-26b to be down-regulated in the myocardium of
MF rats (P<0.01). miR-26b overexpression in vitro significantly reduced the survival rate of cardiac
fibroblasts and inhibited the expression of the fibrillar-associated protein (α-SMA alphasmooth
muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I) (P<0.01). TargetScan indicated that HMGA2 was
one of the target genes of miR-26b; dual-luciferase reporter assay further confirmed the targeted
regulatory relationship (P<0.01). Moreover, miR-26b overexpression significantly reduced the expression
of HMGA2 (P<0.01). Notably, HMGA2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of
miR-26b overexpression on cardiac fibroblast viability and the expression of α-SMA and collagen
I (P<0.01). Animal experiments further indicated that miR-26b overexpression inhibited MIinduced
rat MF by inhibiting the expression of HMGA2 (P<0.05, P<0.01).

Conclusion:
In short, these findings indicate that miR-26b targets HMGA2 to ameliorate
MI-induced fibrosis by suppression of cardiac fibroblasts activation.
Upregulation of miR-496 Rescues Propofol-induced Neurotoxicity by Targeting Rho Associated Coiled-coil Containing Protein Kinase 2 (ROCK2) in Prefrontal Cortical Neurons
Authors: Mao Zemei , Wang Wanju , Gong Haixia , Wu Yinghui , Zhang Yang , Wang Xinlei 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
Early exposure to general anesthesia in children might be a potentially highrisk
factor for learning and behavioral disorders. The mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by general
anesthesia was not defined. miR-496 could regulate cerebral injury, while the roles of miR-
496 in neurotoxicity were not elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of miR-
496 in neurotoxicity induced by propofol.

Methods:
Primary Prefrontal Cortical (PFC) neurons were isolated from neonatal rats and treated
with propofol to induce neurotoxicity. Cell viability was detected by (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-
2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell apoptosis was assessed by terminal
deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The target relationship of
miR-496 and Rho Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase 2 (ROCK2) was explored
using luciferase assays.

Results:
Propofol decreased cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis, and decreased the expression
of miR-496 in PFC neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of miR-496 attenuated
neurotoxicity induced by propofol in PFC neurons. ROCK2 was a target of miR-496, and miR-496
oppositely modulated the expression of ROCK2. Besides, propofol increased the expression of
ROCK2 through inhibiting miR-496 in PFC neurons. Overexpression of miR-496 attenuated propofol-
induced neurotoxicity by targeting ROCK2 in PFC neurons.

Conclusion:
miR-496 was decreased in PFC neurons treated with propofol, and overexpression of
miR-496 attenuated propofol-induced neurotoxicity by targeting ROCK2. miR-496 and ROCK2
may be promising targets for protecting propofol-induced neurotoxicity.