bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative synthesis of the perceived factors that affect participation in physical activity among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Dash K. , Goyder E. C. , Quirk H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the qualitative literature on the perceived factors, positive and negative, affecting participation by children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in physical activity, from the perspective of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, their family members, teachers or sports coaches, and healthcare professionals.MethodsMEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus were systematically searched in July 2019. Eligible studies included any that reported qualitative findings on the perceived factors that affect participation in physical activity from either the perspective of children or adolescents with type 1 diabetes, their family members, teachers or coaches, and healthcare professionals.ResultsThe literature search yielded a total of 7859 studies, of which 14 (13 qualitative studies and one mixed‐methods study) met the review inclusion criteria. In total there were 12 unique populations containing 270 individuals, 105 children or adolescents with type 1 diabetes,108 family members, 37 teachers and 20 healthcare professionals. The main factors thought to influence physical activity for this population were the individual characteristics of children and adolescents, the requirement for self‐blood glucose regulation, support systems including friends, family, teachers and professionals, education and knowledge, and communication.ConclusionsThis review synthesizes views on the perceived factors from several different perspectives. The findings suggest that it is important to consider the needs of the wider support network, as well as the child's or adolescent’s concerns and preferences, when developing new or existing strategies and programmes to promote physical activity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
‘Trophy Architects’ and Design as Rent‐seeking: Quantifying Deadweight Losses in a Tightly Regulated Office Market
Authors: Cheshire Paul C. , Dericks Gerard H. 
Published: March 2020

Britain tightly restricts the supply of office space, creating substantial economic rents, but its development restrictions are politically administered and therefore gameable, inducing rent‐seeking activity. We find that ‘trophy architects’ (TAs)—prior winners of a lifetime achievement award—obtain more space on a given site apparently by signalling architectural merit. Analysis of 2039 office buildings shows that TAs build 14 stories taller, thereby increasing a representative site value by 152% and capturing potential economic rents of £148m. However, we argue that this apparent premium is merely compensation for the extra costs, risks and delays of using a TA to game the planning system; it is therefore an indirect measure of the deadweight costs of this form of rent‐seeking.
International student mobility in a German and Portuguese university: Which factors in the host institution matter?
Authors: Haase Heiko , Franco Mario , Pedro Eugénia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn a globalising world, international mobility in higher education is an important phenomenon for students and higher education institutions. It is therefore essential to understand the factors that determine international students' satisfaction with higher education institutions that serve as hosts. Through research of an exploratory, quantitative nature, this study presents results from a survey among 289 incoming international students in two universities in Germany and Portugal. Our findings show that the factor we define as educational experience was an important determinant of student satisfaction. Furthermore, the appraisal of academic reputation is dependent on the university. We conclude that satisfaction with academic factors is more important for international students than satisfaction with non‐academic aspects.
PMEPA1/TMEPAI isoforms function via its PY and Smad‐interaction motifs for tumorigenic activities of breast cancer cells
Authors: Puteri Meidi U. , Watanabe Yukihide , Wardhani Bantari W. K. , Amalia Riezki , Abdelaziz Mohammed , Kato Mitsuyasu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPMEPA1 (prostate transmembrane protein, androgen‐induced 1)/TMEPAI (transmembrane prostate androgen‐induced protein) is highly expressed in diverse cancers, including breast, lung and prostate cancers. It consists of four isoforms with distinct extracellular regions (isoforms a‐d). The expression and function of these isoforms are still poorly understood. Hence, we aimed to identify the preferentially expressed isoforms in breast cancer cells and analyze possible differences in tumorigenic functions. In this study, we used 5′ Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and Western blot analyses to identify the mRNA variants and protein isoforms of TMEPAI and found that TMEPAI isoform d as the major isoform expressed by TGF‐β stimulation in breast cancer cells. We then generated CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated TMEPAI knockout (KO) breast cancer cell lines and used a lentiviral expression system to complement each isoform individually. Although there were no clear functional differences between isoforms, double PPxY (PY) motifs and a Smad‐interaction motif (SIM) of TMEPAI were both essential for colony and sphere formation. Collectively, our results provide a novel insight into TMEPAI isoforms in breast cancer cells and showed that coordination between double PY motifs and a SIM of TMEPAI are essential for colony and sphere formation but not for monolayer cell proliferation.
Objective and subjective reduction of cellulite volume using a localized vibrational massage device in a 24‐week randomized intra‐individual single‐blind regression study
Authors: Sadowski T. , Bielfeldt S. , Wilhelm K.‐P. , Sukopp S. , Gordon C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCellulite occurs in females and is a common condition of altered connective tissue matrix and increased adipogenicity with visible dimples and orange‐peel appearance on the skins surface. Whilst advancements in methods continue to help our understanding, attempts to correct the appearance of cellulite topically have yielded limited success. Various kinds of non‐invasive body contouring methods such as whole body vibration have been reported with demonstrable visible improvements in the cellulite condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate volume reduction and improvement of the visible appearance of cellulite as judged both objectively (AEVA‐HE phase‐shift 3‐D fringe projection, macrophotography image grading) and subjectively (questionnaires) after application of a hand‐held localized vibrational device over 24‐weeks. The study was conducted on 40 healthy female volunteers who were instructed how to use the device on defined areas of cellulite of the outside and rear of the thighs (iliotibial band, and over biceps femoris region respectively). The initial 12 weeks of continuous massage application of the study were followed by a 12 week phase in which volunteers were split into 2 subgroups – one for assessment of regression effects and one for continuous application effects. AEVA (skin surface volume) measurements of cellulite‐related dimples correlated with questionnaires and visual image evaluation scoring, in that in the iliotibial region cellulite was significantly reduced at 12 weeks. In the regression subgroup cellulite returned to initial values soon after cessation of treatment, whereas in the continuous application subgroup, cellulite remained diminished. The effect of this device to reduce cellulite as observed in this study proves that continuous use of vibrational massage is beneficial to mitigate visible signs of cellulite.
Validity and reliability of theTurkishversion ofGeriatric Health Promotionscale
Authors: Kartal Asiye , Korkmaz Aslan Gülbahar , Koştu Nazan , Tümer Adile 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARY STATEMENTWhat is already known about this topic?The population is ageing rapidly and consistently worldwide.Health‐promoting behaviours are crucial in enabling older adults to function independently and to ensure a better quality of life.The instruments commonly used to measure health‐promoting behaviours are not tailored to the specific needs of the older people.What this paper adds?The Turkish version of the GHP scale is usable for evaluating health‐promoting behaviours in older adults.The Turkish version of the GHP scale for older people showed statistically acceptable levels of reliability and validity for use in the Turkish population.The presence of distinct subscales within this scale serves to identify the areas where the older adults require additional support.The implications of this paper:The Turkish version of the GHP scale could be an appropriate instrument for nurses to measure the health‐promoting behaviours of older people.This scale can be used to establish health promotion programmes that encourage the adoption of healthy lifestyle practices that are specifically tailored to the needs of older people.This scale can be used in future studies that are planned for health promotion among the older individuals.
A single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the human ENTPD1 gene encoding CD39 is associated with worsened graft‐versus‐host disease in a humanized mouse model
Authors: Adhikary Sam R , Cuthbertson Peter , Turner Ross J , Sluyter Ronald , Watson Debbie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) protect against graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), a life‐threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The ectoenzyme CD39 is important for increasing the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. The rs10748643 (A → G) single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 1 of the human ENTPD1 gene is associated with increased proportions of CD39+ Tregs. This study aimed to determine whether the rs10748643 SNP corresponded to increased proportions of CD39+ Tregs in an Australian donor population, and whether this SNP influences clinical GVHD in a humanized mouse model. Donors were genotyped for the rs10748643 SNP by Sanger sequencing, and the proportion of CD39+ T cells in donor peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry. Donors encoding the G allele (donorsAG/GG) demonstrated higher proportions of CD39+CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127lo Tregs, but not CD39+CD3+CD8+ T cells or CD39+CD3+CD4+ conventional T cells, compared with donors homozygous for the A allele (donorsAA). NOD‐SCID‐IL2Rγnull mice were injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from either donorsAA (hCD39AA mice) or donorsAG/GG (hCD39AG/GG mice). hCD39AG/GG mice demonstrated significantly greater weight loss and GVHD clinical scores, and significantly reduced survival, compared with hCD39AA mice. hCD39AG/GG mice showed significantly higher hCD4+:hCD8+ T‐cell ratios than hCD39AA mice, but displayed similar proportions of CD3+hCD4+hCD25+hCD127lo Tregs and hCD39+ Tregs. However, the proportion of human Tregs corresponded to survival in hCD39AA mice, but not in hCD39AG/GG mice. This study demonstrates that donors encoding the G allele show higher percentages of CD39+ Tregs, but cause worsened GVHD in humanized mice compared with donors homozygous for the A allele.
The coadministration of trehalose dibehenate and monosodium urate crystals promotes an antitumor phenotype in human‐derived myeloid cells
Authors: Kodar Kristel , McConnell Melanie J , Harper Jacquie L , Timmer Mattie SM , Stocker Bridget L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTrehalose dibehenate (TDB), a ligand for the macrophage‐inducible C‐type lectin, has shown promise as an adjuvant for preventative vaccines and also as an anticancer agent in murine assays. The potential for TDB to affect the antitumor immune response of human myeloid cells, however, has not been studied. We investigated the effect of the adjuvants TDB and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals on the protumor or antitumor immune phenotype of human monocytes, macrophages and monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (Mo‐DCs). TDB treatment alone led to an inflammatory response in all three cell types, which was most pronounced when using human monocytes, with MSU augmenting this response. TDB also decreased cell surface markers associated with a protumorigenic phenotype, with MSU showing some ability to augment this response. Notably, a significant reduction in CD115 was observed for all antigen‐presenting cells upon TDB or MSU + TDB treatment. The potential to increase the antigen‐presenting capabilities of the myeloid cells was also observed upon treatment with TDB and MSU + TDB, as indicated by the upregulation of cell surface markers such as CD86 for all three cell types and a favorable ratio of interleukin (IL)‐12p40 to IL‐10 for monocytes stimulated with MSU + TDB. There was no significant production of IL‐12p40 by Mo‐DC; however, in a mixed lymphocyte assay, MSU + TDB costimulation of Mo‐DC led to a significant increase in CD4+ T‐cell numbers and in the IL‐12p40‐to‐IL‐10 ratio. Taken together, these findings show for the first time the potential of MSU + TDB costimulation to favor a tumor‐suppressive phenotype in human‐derived myeloid cells.
Ageing dangerously; homing of senescent CD8 T cells in cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Milling Simon 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBoth CD8+ T cells and NK cells contribute to the immune response against the protozoan Leishmania parasite. Both are able to generate IFN‐γ and both display cytotoxic features. These features may enable them to not only contribute to parasite clearance but also to cause immune‐mediated pathology. This pathology is evident, for example, in the Leismania‐induced skin lesions found in patients with cutaneous leismaniasis (CL). Here we highlight new data demonstrating that CD8+ T cells and NK cells in CL display a highly cytotoxic senescent phenotype, and that the senescent T cells play a major role in mediating skin pathology. This is the first demonstration that senescent CD8 T cells contribute to immunopathology in vivo.
Incidence of severe hypoglycemia and its association with serum adiponectin in Japanese patients with type 1 and insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry
Authors: Iwase Masanori , Komorita Yuji , Fujii Hiroki , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Ide Hitoshi , Yoshinari Masahito , Oku Yutaro , Higashi Taiki , Nakamura Udai , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe incidence of severe hypoglycemia and its risk factors including an insulin‐sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin, were prospectively investigated in Japanese patients with type 1 or insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 207 participants with type 1 diabetes (mean age 55 years) and 1,396 with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 years) from the local diabetes registry were followed for 5 years (follow‐up rate 99%). Severe hypoglycemia was defined as events requiring the assistance of others for recovery from hypoglycemia.ResultsThe incidence of severe hypoglycemia was 9.2 per 100 person‐years in those with type 1 diabetes, and 2.3 per 100 person‐years in those with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes, respectively. For type 1 diabetes, the risk was significant in those with a history of severe hypoglycemia within the previous year, slow eating and higher serum adiponectin (the highest vs the lowest in quartile hazard ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.22–4.69). For insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes, the risk included age ≥65 years, history of severe hypoglycemia within the previous year, alcohol consumption ≥60 g/day, larger insulin dose and higher serum adiponectin (the highest vs the lowest in quartile, hazard ratio 2.95, 95% confidence interval 1.22–4.69). For all participants, the incidence of severe hypoglycemia increased along with serum adiponectin (age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio 1.65 per 1 standard deviation increase of log serum adiponectin, 95% confidence interval 1.45–1.87).ConclusionsThe incidence of severe hypoglycemia was prospectively determined, and the association between severe hypoglycemia and higher serum adiponectin was observed in Japanese patients with type 1 and insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of tenofovir versus entecavir on reducing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gu Lihu , Yao Qigu , Shen Zefeng , He Ying , Ng Derry Minyao , Yang Tong , Chen Bangsheng , Chen Ping , Mao Feiyan , Yu Qili 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimStudies had shown that tenofovir (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) are widely used as the first‐line therapy to inhibit hepatitis B virus replication, which can reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, but it was unclear which nucleos(t)ide analogue was most effective. Therefore, we performed a meta‐analysis and a systematic review to compare the incidence of HCC in CHB patients who are either on TDF or ETV.MethodsFor this study, the following databases were searched for clinical trials published from its inception until November 2019: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library.ResultsA total of 11 eligible studies were selected, including 70 864 patients. The meta‐analysis showed that TDF was superior to ETV with regard to the incidence of HCC, the incidence of death or transplantation, and virologic response. There were no significant differences in terms of biochemical response and loss of seroconversion response among the entire cohort.ConclusionsThe conclusion was that CHB patients treated with TDF had a reduced incidence of HCC compared with patients treated with ETV.
Psychometric properties of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance and Sleep‐Related Impairment item banks in adolescents
Authors: van Kooten Jojanneke A. M. C. , Terwee Caroline B. , Luijten Michiel A. J. , Steur Lindsay M. H. , Pillen Sigrid , Wolters Nicole G. J. , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , van Litsenburg Raphaële R. L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSleep problems have a high prevalence and negative daytime consequences in adolescents. Current sleep measures for this age group have limitations. The Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) developed sleep item banks for adults. In a previous validation study, these item banks were adapted to a shortened version for adolescents. The current study aimed to further explore the psychometric properties of the 11‐item Sleep‐Related Impairment and 23‐item Sleep Disturbance item banks in Dutch adolescents. We investigated structural validity by testing item response theory assumptions and model fit; measurement invariance by performing differential item functioning analyses; performance as a computerized adaptive test; reliability by marginal reliability estimates and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients and limits of agreement); and construct validity by hypothesis testing. Additionally, we provide mean values for the item banks. The study sample consisted of 1,046 adolescents (mean age 14.3 ± 1.6), including 1,013 high‐school students and 33 sleep‐clinic patients. The Sleep Disturbance‐23 showed lack of unidimensionality, but had sufficient test–retest reliability, and could distinguish between adolescents with and without sleep or health issues. The Sleep‐Related Impairment‐11 showed sufficient unidimensionality and model fit and was thus tested as a computerized adaptive test, demonstrating an equal amount of reliable measures to the full item bank. Furthermore, the Sleep‐Related Impairment‐11 could distinguish between adolescents with and without sleep or health issues and test–retest reliability was moderate. The use of both item banks in the full form and the use of the Sleep‐related Impairment‐11 as a computer adaptive test is recommended.
Shedding light on the role of photoperiod, rainfall and ambient temperature on the breeding physiology of male Lesser Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus jaculus) from central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hart D. W. , Alharbi Y. S. , Bennett N. C. , Schoeman K. S. , Amor N. M. , Mohammed O. B , Alagaili A. N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the seasonal reproductive strategy occurring in the male Lesser Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus jaculus) and determine which environmental cues are responsible for initiating reproductive recrudescence. Body mass, morphometry of the reproductive tract, the histology of the testes and the circulating testosterone concentrations in wild male J. jaculus, from central Saudi Arabia, were studied over 12 consecutive months. Furthermore, sixteen additional males were collected and subsequently placed on either a short‐day (SD) or a long‐day (LD) light schedule under controlled laboratory conditions. Using these male reproductive parameters, we investigated the potential proximate environmental cues that may trigger the onset of reproduction. Unexpectedly, males were reproductively active during three out of the four seasons, namely autumn, winter and spring possibly due to the rainfall that fell at an unprecedented frequency and quantity during this time. However, we revealed the importance of other environmental triggers, namely photoperiod and ambient temperature, on the control of male reproduction in J. jaculus. Decreasing photoperiod (SD) and ambient temperature were observed to activate the reproductive system by increasing plasma testosterone concentration. The male Lesser Egyptian jerboa was found to exhibit a marked seasonal reproduction controlled by the environmental cues of ambient temperature and photoperiod.
Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence and perspectives
Authors: Salomone Federico , Sharaiha Reem Z. , Boškoski Ivo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in industrialized countries because of the worldwide epidemic of obesity. Beyond metabolic complications, a subset of patients with NAFLD develop non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis, which is emerging as a leading cause of liver transplantation due to progression to cirrhosis and cancer. For these reasons, NAFLD is considered a public health burden. In recent years endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMT) have emerged as safe and effective for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. EBMT include gastric and duodenal devices and techniques such as intragastric balloons, endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty, endoscopic small bowel by‐pass and duodenal mucosal resurfacing. Observational studies and pilot trials have revealed beneficial effects of EBMT on NAFLD as assessed by non‐invasive parameters or histology. In this review we summarise current evidence for the efficacy and safety of EBMT in obese patients with NAFLD and examine future clinical applications.