bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic frequency‐domain model for the emission of PWM‐based power converters in the frequency range from 2 to 150 kHz
Authors: Klatt Matthias , Stiegler Robert , Meyer Jan , Schegner Peter 
Published: October 2019

With an increasing number of power converters using fast switching technologies, more cases of interference between devices in the frequency range from 2 to 150 kHz occur. The most widely used technique in such devices is pulse‐width modulation (PWM) [e.g. in photovoltaic inverters (PVIs), active harmonic filters, battery storage systems and some types of electric vehicle chargers]. Only little is known about the behaviour of those sources, the factors influencing their emission and the interaction with other devices and the propagation in the network. To extend such knowledge, reliable and accurate models are required. In this study, a quantitative model for the prediction of voltages and currents in this frequency range is developed and verified. Since in most cases no information about internal circuits and controls of the devices is available, a measurement‐based black‐box approach is used. The emission around the switching frequency of single‐phase voltage‐source power converters is combined into a single emission source represented by a Thévenin equivalent. The general method to parameterise the model is presented and exemplarily applied for two PVIs and one battery‐electric vehicle charger. Moreover, the interaction of two devices at a joint point of connection is simulated and compared with real measurements.
Super‐resolution mapping of hyperspectral satellite images using hybrid genetic algorithm
Authors: Cyril Amala Dhason Heltin Genitha , Muthaia Indhumathi , Sakthivel Shanmuga Priyaa , Shanmugam Sanjeevi 
Published: October 2019

To assess the rate of sedimentation and the consequent reduction in the storage capacity, periodical capacity surveys of multi‐purpose reservoirs is essential. Hydrographic surveys and acoustic surveys are time‐consuming and expensive. The limited availability and high cost of the high‐resolution images require a different methodology to accurately estimate the water‐spread area of the reservoir. In this study, 30 m resolution hyperspectral image (hyperion) and multi‐spectral image (The Earth Observing One (EO‐1) advanced land imager) are used to estimate the water‐spread area of the Peechi Reservoir, South India. A hybrid genetic algorithm (GA)‐based super‐resolution mapping approach is developed and demonstrated, which incorporates the multi‐objective GA and Hopfield neural network (HNN). The hybrid GA‐based super‐resolution mapping approach gives a global optimum solution in half of the original computation time. Furthermore, mapping approach gives an error of 6.38% for the multi‐spectral image and a lesser error of 3.86% for the hyperspectral image, while the HNN‐based super‐resolution mapping approach gives an error of 8.23% for the multi‐spectral image and 5.71% for the hyperspectral image. Thus, in this work, an efficient technique based on hybrid GA is presented, which is a useful tool for accurate mapping of water bodies at the sub‐pixel scale using hyperspectral imagery.
Integrating Taylor–Krill herd‐based SVM to fuzzy‐based adaptive filter for medical image denoising
Authors: Narasimha C. , Rao A. Nagaraja 
Published: October 2019

Medical imaging systems contribute much towards effective decision‐making by the physicians, which is highly essential in the day‐to‐day life of humans. In this study, Taylor–Krill herd (KH)‐based support vector machine (SVM) is proposed for medical image denoising. The Taylor–KH‐based SVM is the integration of Taylor series in KH optimisation algorithm, which is used for tuning the optimal weights of the SVM classifier. The efficiency of KH is due to two global and two local optimisers, and the adaptive operators ensure the adaptive nature of KH. Above all, KH never uses the derivative information as it employs the stochastic search and thereby, reduces the complexity of the algorithm. The proposed method tunes the hyperplane parameters of SVM optimally so that the optimal identification of the noisy pixels in the image is ensured and replaced with adaptive weights. The proposed method is analysed based on the metrics, such as peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM) and the comparative analysis is done with existing methods for showing the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation result shows that the proposed method acquired a PSNR of 30.36 dB and SSIM of 0.89, respectively.
Development of hybrid artificial intelligence based automatic sleep/awake detection
Authors: Bozkurt Mehmet Recep , Uçar Muhammed Kürşad , Bozkurt Ferda , Bilgin Cahit 
Published: October 2019

Background and Objective: Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a disease that causes respiratory arrest in sleep and reduces sleep quality. The diagnosis of the disease is made by the physician in two stages by examining the patient records taken with the polysomnography device. Because of the negative aspects of this process, new diagnostic processes and devices are needed. In this article, a new approach to sleep staging, which is one of the diagnostic steps of the disease, was proposed. An artificial intelligence‐based sleep/awake system detection was developed for sleep staging processing. Photoplethysmography (PPG) signal and heart rate variable (HRV) were used in the study. PPG records taken from patient and control groups were cleaned by the digital filter. The HRV parameter was then derived from the PPG signal. Then, 40 features from HRV signal and 46 features from PPG signal were extracted. The extracted features were classified by reduced machine learning techniques with F‐score feature selection method. In order to evaluate the performances of the classifiers, the sensitivity and specificity values, the accuracy rates for each class were computed in the test set and receiver operating characteristic curve prepared. In addition, area under the curve (AUC), Kappa coefficient and F‐score were calculated. According to the results obtained, the system can be realised with 91.09% accuracy rate using 11 PPG and HRV and with 90.01% accuracy rate using 14 HRV features. These success rates are quite enough for the system to work. When all these values are taken into consideration, it is possible to realise a practical sleep/awake detection system. This article suggests that the PPG signal can be used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea by processing with artificial intelligence and signal processing techniques.
Green synthesis of graphene oxide‐MnFe2O4 composites and their application in removing heavy metal ions
Authors: Liao Fangli , Diao Guiqiang , Li Hao 
Published: October 2019

The composites of graphene oxide (GO) decorated by MnFe2O4 have been synthesised via a green and facile strategy that the pristine GO/MnSO4 suspension prepared by Hummers method was directly utilised to convert into the GO‐MnFe2O4 composites. The as‐prepared composites were characterised using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectra and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the GO‐MnFe2O4 composites were successfully synthesised. The removal behaviours of Pb2+ and Cu2+ onto GO‐MnFe2O4 were investigated, which indicated that the composites exhibited great adsorption property in aqueous solution. The adsorption process could be fitted well by the pseudo‐second‐order model and Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process of Pb2+ and Cu2+ onto GO‐MnFe2O4 composites was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and Cu2+ calculated from Langmuir model were about 263.85 and 103.41 mg/g at 318 K, respectively. Based on the results from the reusability experiments, the as‐prepared GO‐MnFe2O4 composites could be used as a potential adsorbent for removing Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions.
Kinematic signatures of reverberation mapping of close binaries of supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Kovačević Andjelka B. , Wang Jian-Min , Popović Luka Č. 
Published: October 2019

Context. An unresolved region in the relative vicinity of the event horizon of a supermassive black holes (SMBH) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) radiates strongly variable optical continuum and broad-line emission flux. These fluxes can be processed into two-dimensional transfer functions (2DTF) of material flows that encrypt various information about these unresolved structures. An intense search for kinematic signatures of reverberation mapping of close binary SMBH (SMBBH) is currently ongoing.
Aims. Elliptical SMBBH systems (i.e. both orbits and disc-like broad-line regions (BLR) are elliptic) have not been assessed in 2DTF studies. We aim to numerically infer such a 2DTF because the geometry of the unresolved region is imprinted on their optical emission. Through this, we determine their specific kinematical signatures.
Methods. We simulated the geometry and kinematics of SMBBH whose components are on elliptical orbits. Each SMBH had a disc-like elliptical BLR. The SMBHs were active and orbited each other tightly at a subparsec distance.
Results. Here we calculate for the first time 2DTF, as defined in the velocity-time delay plane, for several elliptical configurations of SMBBH orbits and their BLRs. We find that these very complex configurations are clearly resolved in maps. These results are distinct from those obtained from circular and disc-wind geometry. We calculate the expected line variability for all SMBBH configurations. We show that the line shapes are influenced by the orbital phase of the SMBBH. Some line profiles resemble observed profiles, but they can also be much deformed to look like those from the disc-wind model.
Conclusions. First, our results imply that using our 2DTF, we can detect and quantify kinematic signatures of elliptical SMBBH. Second, the calculated expected line profiles share some intriguing similarities with observed profiles, but also with some profiles that are synthesised in disc-wind models. To overcome the non-uniqueness of the spectral line shapes as markers of SMBBH, they must be accompanied with 2DTF.
Leberʼsche hereditäre Optikusneuropathie
Authors: Priglinger Claudia , Klopstock Thomas , Rudolph Günter , Priglinger Siegfried Georg 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Leberʼsche hereditäre Optikusneuropathie (LHON) betrifft typischerweise junge Erwachsene mit einer Prädilektion für das männliche Geschlecht, kann letztlich aber in jedem Alter auftreten. Die Erkrankung beruht auf Punktmutationen der mitochondrialen DNA, die zu einem Defekt des Komplexes I der mitochondrialen Atmungskette führen. Dieser verursacht wiederum eine Dysfunktion und später Degeneration retinaler Ganglienzellen, gefolgt von einer aufsteigenden Optikusatrophie. Klinische Merkmale der LHON sind ein zunächst meist unilateraler subakuter Visusverlust, Farbsinnstörungen im Rot-Grün-Bereich und Gesichtsfeldausfälle in Form eines Zentral- oder Zentrozökalskotoms. Das Partnerauge ereilt innerhalb von 3 – 6 Monaten nach Erkrankungsbeginn meist eine ähnliche Symptomatik. In 25% der Fälle beginnt die Erkrankung jedoch bilateral. Im natürlichen Verlauf bleibt ein Großteil der Patienten bei einem Visus < 0,1, auch wenn ein kleiner Anteil eine spontane Visusverbesserung erfährt. Im Jahr 2015 wurde das Ubiquinonanalogon Idebenon von der Europäischen Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA) für die Behandlung der LHON zugelassen. Ausschlaggebend für den Therapieerfolg sind ein früher Therapiebeginn und eine ausreichende Therapiedauer. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass es bei einem Anteil der Patienten zu einem verzögerten Therapieansprechen kommen kann. Eine vollständige Visuserholung ist allerdings auch unter Therapie selten. Da es sich meist um junge Erwachsene im erwerbsfähigen Alter handelt, die weitgehend akut erblinden, ist weiterhin eine umgehende Unterstützung mit vergrößernden Sehhilfen und Beratung zur sozialen und beruflichen Rehabilitation essenziell. Alternative Therapieansätze wie Gentherapie, Neuroprotektion oder stammzellbasierte Aspekte sind derzeit bereits Gegenstand von klinischen Studien und lassen auf weitere Perspektiven für die Betroffenen hoffen. Obwohl für die LHON mit Idebenon bereits eine kausale Therapie zugelassen wurde, sind gerade die Pathogenese der Erkrankung betreffend noch viele Fragen nicht restlos geklärt. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Geschlechterprävalenz und mögliche zusätzliche Trigger oder protektive Faktoren. In dieser Übersicht werden die klinischen Verlaufsformen der LHON, Diagnostik und aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen sowie die Besonderheiten und gegenwärtigen Erklärungsansätze zur inkompletten Penetranz und Symptomatik der LHON erläutert.
Simple mathematical equation to predict distance to gastroesophageal junction through the submucosal tunnel during peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Bapaye Jay , Bharadwaj Tarun , Bapaye Amol , Mahadik Mahesh , Pujari Rajendra , Date Suhas , Korrapati Sravan Kumar , Jain Rishabh , Dubale Nachiket 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and aim Accurate estimation of the distance to the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) through a tunnel during per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is technically challenging. The methods currently employed are often insufficient, and resultant errors may lead to incomplete myotomy and/or prolonged procedure times. Our hypothesis states that the additional distance while traversing the tunnel is directly proportional to the widest esophageal diameter; and is calculated by the formula X = Y + CZ (X = distance to the GEJ through the tunnel, Y = distance to the GEJ through the lumen, Z = widest esophageal diameter, C = arithmetic constant). This study evaluates the validity and accuracy of this hypothesis.
Patients and methods This was a prospective single-center study with 80 patients, 12 in the pilot group and 68 in the study group. In the pilot group, Y was recorded during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) before POEM, Z on barium swallow/contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT), and X was measured during POEM. Using the formula, mean C (SD) was calculated. In the study group, ‘C’ was substituted in the equation to predict the GEJ distance through the tunnel (Xp) before POEM. The operator was blinded to Xp and recorded the true Xt during POEM. The correlation between Xp and Xt was calculated.
Results In the pilot group, the mean distances (cm, SD) for X, Y, and Z were 42.58 (3.33), 39.83 (3.08), and 4.39 (1.16), respectively. The calculated mean C was 0.63 (0.11). In the study group, the mean distances (cm, SD) for Y, Z, Xp, and Xt were 40.45 (2.58), 4.99 (1.43), 43.57 (2.68), and 43.54 (2.78), respectively. The Xp and Xt values demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.97, P = 0.000).
Conclusions Formula X = Y + CZ reliably predicts the GEJ distance through a tunnel during POEM. It is user friendly and requires no additional resources.
Impact of Nuclear Oestrogen Receptor Beta Expression in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Heitz Florian , Kümmel Sherko , Lederer Bianca , Solbach Christine , Engels Knut , Ataseven Beyhan , Sinn Bruno , Blohmer Jens Uwe , Denkert Carsten , Barinoff Jana , Fisseler-Eckhoff Annette , Loibl Sibylle 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction Oestrogen receptor beta (ER-β) is abundantly expressed in breast cancer (BC), but its impact on neoadjuvant chemotherapy outcome is unknown.
Patients and Methods Patients treated in the neoadjuvant GeparTrio trial with available tissue for immunohistochemical analyses were included. Nuclear ER-β expression was correlated with clinico-pathologic characteristics. The impact of its expression on pathological complete response (pCR [ypT0/ypN0]) and survival was determined.
Results Samples of 570 patients were available. Low nuclear ER-β expression (IRS < 9) was observed in 48.4% of hormone receptor positive and 58.6% of hormone receptor negative tumours. Low nuclear ER-β expression was associated with higher pCR rates compared to high nuclear ER-β expression (16.1% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.026). Low ER-β expression was no independent predictor of pCR in multivariate analyses. Disease-free and overall survival were not statistically different between patients with high and low nuclear ER-β expression. Triple-negative BCs showed low nuclear ER-β expression in 57.7%, and pCR rates were 27.1% and 0% (p = 0.23) in low and high ER-β expressing tumours, respectively.
Conclusion Low ER-β expression is associated with improved pCR rates in univariate analyses. However multivariate analyses and survival analyses do not indicate an impact of ER-β on survival in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Further examination of ER-β as predictor for endocrine therapy might be of value.
Videoassistierte thorakoskopische Chirurgie in Lokalanästhesie und Analgosedierung – eine Umfrage unter den Mitgliedern der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie
Authors: Galetin Thomas , Lopez-Pastorini Alberto , Kosse Nils , Koryllos Aris , Stoelben Erich 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Videothorakoskopische Eingriffe (VATS) bei erhaltener Spontanatmung erfahren vor dem Hintergrund älterer und multimorbider Patienten international eine zunehmende Verbreitung. Daten zur Anwendung und Akzeptanz in Deutschland liegen bisher nicht vor.
Methode Deutschlandweite, onlinebasierte Umfrage an den bei der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) registrierten thoraxchirurgischen Abteilungen zur Anwendung der VATS in Lokalanästhesie (LA).
Ergebnisse 101 von 157 angeschriebenen Kliniken haben geantwortet (64%). 42% der Befragten führen Non-intubated VATS (NIVATS) durch, 31% VATS in LA. Gründe, VATS in LA nicht durchzuführen, sind mangelnde Erfahrung (51%), Zweifel an der Durchführbarkeit (29%) und fehlende Indikationen (24%). Unter den durchführenden Kliniken sind die häufigsten Prozeduren Anlage von Pleuraverweilkathetern (94%), Pleuraprobeexzisionen (87%) und Pleurodesen (87%). 42% der Kliniken führen Keilresektionen und 10% auch anatomische Resektionen in LA durch. Hauptzielgruppen sind multimorbide Patienten (77%), ältere Patienten (65%), Patienten mit Angst vor einer Allgemeinanästhesie (55%) und mit vorbestehenden Lungenerkrankungen (52%). In 97% der Kliniken führt die Anästhesie die Sedierung durch. Als technische Schwierigkeiten werden vor allem mangelnde Übersicht (39%), Hyperkapnie (29%) und Panikattacken (23%) genannt. Schmerzen spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle (3%).
Diskussion Rund ⅓ der befragen Kliniken führt bereits VATS in LA durch, weitere haben Pläne zur Einführung der Methode. Die Mehrheit der Befragten sieht als Hauptzielgruppen multimorbide, ältere und lungenerkrankte Patienten, weil sie weniger inflammatorische, respiratorische und neurologische Komplikationen erwartet.
Soziale Determinanten von Gesundheit als Lehr- und Prüfungsinhalte im Medizinstudium
Authors: Hommes Franziska , Drees Simon , Geffert Karin , von Philipsborn Peter , Stratil Jan 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat dazu aufgerufen, ÄrztInnen und andere Gesundheitsprofessionen stärker darin auszubilden, soziale Determinanten von Gesundheit (SDH) zu erkennen, zu verstehen und auf diese zu reagieren. Bisher ist jedoch wenig darüber bekannt, inwieweit die derzeitige medizinische Ausbildung AbsolventInnen auf diese Herausforderung vorbereitet. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist eine Bestandsaufnahme, wie und in welchem Umfang SDH in der medizinischen Ausbildung berücksichtigt werden.
Methodik Dieser Diskussionsbeitrag basiert auf einer qualitativen und quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse von zentralen Dokumenten für Lehr- und Prüfungsinhalte des Medizinstudiums in Deutschland.
Ergebnisse Die Analyse zeigt Lücken in der Rolle von SDH in wichtigen Rahmenwerken der deutschen medizinischen Ausbildung auf. Zwischen 4 und 27% der analysierten Dokumentenelemente enthielten Bezüge zu SDH, jedoch waren diese nur in 0–3% der Fälle explizit. Während einige Themenbereiche umfassend behandelt wurden (z. B. Aspekte der betrieblichen Gesundheit), wurden andere Themen nicht oder kaum behandelt, wie bspw. gesundheitliche Ungleichheit oder Determinanten außerhalb des Gesundheitssystems.
Schlussfolgerung Eine stärkere und explizitere Behandlung von SDH während der medizinischen Ausbildung in Deutschland könnte dazu beitragen, AbsolventInnen besser auf gegenwärtige und zukünftige Herausforderungen in unserer globalisierten Welt vorzubereiten. Der derzeitige Reformprozess des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Medizin (NKLM) sollte genutzt werden, um bestehende Lücken zu füllen, bspw. durch stärkere Betonung von Aspekten wie Armut und Gesundheit, gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten und Fragen des Zugangs zur Gesundheitsversorgung.
Thyroid Hormone Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology in the
Tumour Microenvironment
Authors: Schmohl Kathrin Alexandra , Müller Andrea Maria , Nelson Peter Jon , Spitzweg Christine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNon-classical thyroid hormone signalling via cell surface receptor integrin
αvβ3, expressed on most cancer cells and proliferating
endothelial cells, has been shown to drive tumour cell proliferation and
survival, as well as angiogenesis. Tumours develop within a complex
microenvironment that is composed of many different cell types, including
mesenchymal stem cells. These multipotent progenitor cells actively home to
growing tumours where they differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblast-like
cells and blood vessel-stabilising pericytes and thus support the
tumour’s fibrovascular network. Integrin αvβ3 expression
on mesenchymal stem cells makes them susceptible to thyroid hormone stimulation.
Indeed, our studies demonstrated – for the first time – that
thyroid hormones stimulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards
a carcinoma-associated fibroblast-/pericyte-like and hypoxia-responsive,
pro-angiogenic phenotype, characterised by the secretion of numerous paracrine
pro-angiogenic factors, in addition to driving their migration, invasion, and
recruitment to the tumour microenvironment in an experimental hepatocellular
carcinoma model. The deaminated thyroid hormone metabolite tetrac, a specific
inhibitor of thyroid hormone action at the integrin site, reverses these
effects. The modulation of mesenchymal stem cell signalling and recruitment by
thyroid hormones via integrin αvβ3 adds a further layer to the
multifaceted effects of thyroid hormones on tumour progression, with important
implications for the management of cancer patients and suggests a novel
mechanism for the anti-tumour activity of tetrac.
Neuromuscular Ultrasound for Peripheral Neuropathies
Authors: Baute Penry Vanessa , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS) is a diagnostic technique that is now commonly used to complement electrodiagnostic studies when evaluating for suspected peripheral nerve pathology. The use of NMUS has been described in focal mononeuropathies, polyneuropathies, and motor neuron disease. This article provides a general overview of NMUS for the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies based on clinical practice guidelines, primary literature, and expert opinion. The characteristic changes detected by NMUS are described in focal mononeuropathies (including entrapment and other causes), polyneuropathies (including demyelinating and axonal processes), and motor neuron disease.