bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multibranched Octupolar Module Embedded Covalent Organic Frameworks Enable Efficient Two‐Photon Fluorescence
Authors: Yang Meijia , Mo Chunshao , Fang Long , Li Jing , Yuan Zhongke , Chen Zhiyong , Jiang Qiongchao , Chen Xudong , Yu Dingshan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as potential light emitting polymers for optoelectronic and optical devices, but their nonlinear optical properties, particularly two‐photon absorption and fluorescence (TPA/TPF), have seldom been explored. Herein, to construct octupolar three‐branched modules (e.g., acceptor 3‐(donor‐core), triphenylbenzene core) within a 2D cyano‐sp2c‐conjugated framework is proposed that results in two‐photon luminescent COFs, combining a large TPA cross section and high quantum yield (QY). Such octupolar module‐embedded sp2c‐conjugated COFs emit not only intense one‐photon fluorescence with QY of 27.2% in the solid state and 38.1% in tetrahydrofuran—superior to almost all reported COFs, but also efficient two‐photon fluorescence with large TPA cross section of 1225 GM—remarkably surpassing the corresponding cyano‐sp2c‐linked model compounds (104 GM). The finding highlights the synergy between sp2c‐conjugated framework and octupolar modules that leads to markedly improved TPA response owing to extended conjugated length, enhanced planarity and multidimensional intramolecular interaction. In view of the versatility of the branched chromophore, the proposed design idea is expected to be used to exploit more two‐photon active COF materials for a range of applications. Multiple uses of the COF in information encryption and warm white light‐emitting diodes are also exemplified.
Recent Progress in Flexible and Stretchable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qin Jianqiang , Lan Linkai , Chen Shanshan , Huang Feinan , Shi Huanrong , Chen Wenjie , Xia Haibo , Sun Kuan , Yang Changduk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFlexible and stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted enormous attention due to their potential applications in wearable and portable devices. To achieve flexibility and stretchability, many efforts have been made with regard to mechanically robust electrodes, interface layers, and photoactive semiconductors. This has greatly improved the performance of the devices. State‐of‐the‐art flexible and stretchable OSCs have achieved a power conversion efficiency of 15.21% (16.55% for tandem flexible devices) and 13%, respectively. Here, the recent progress of flexible and stretchable OSCs in terms of their components and processing methods are summarized and discussed. The future challenges and perspectives for flexible and stretchable OSCs are also presented.
Collective Dipole‐Dominated Doping of Monolayer MoS2: Orientation and Magnitude Control via the Supramolecular Approach
Authors: Wang Ye , Gali Sai Manoj , Slassi Amine , Beljonne David , Samorì Paolo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMolecular doping is a powerful, tuneable, and versatile method to modify the electronic properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). While electron transfer is an isotropic process, dipole‐induced doping is a collective phenomenon in which the orientation of the molecular dipoles interfaced to the 2D material is key to modulate and boost this electronic effect, despite it is not yet demonstrated. A novel method toward the molecular functionalization of monolayer MoS2 relying on the molecular self‐assembly of metal phthalocyanine and the orientation‐controlled coordination chemistry of axial ligands is reported here. It is demonstrated that the subtle variation of position and type of functional groups exposed on the pyridinic ligand, yields a molecular dipole with programed magnitude and orientation which is capable to strongly influence the opto‐electronic properties of monolayer MoS2. In particular, experimental results revealed that both p‐ and n‐type doping can be achieved by modulating the charge carrier density up to 4.8 1012 cm−2. Density functional theory calculations showed that the doping mechanism is primarily resulting from the effect of dipole‐induced doping rather than charge transfer. The strategy to dope TMDCs is a highly modulable and robust, and it enables to enrich the functionality of 2D materials‐based devices for high‐performance applications in optoelectronics.
Xenes as an Emerging 2D Monoelemental Family: Fundamental Electrochemistry and Energy Applications
Authors: Wang Tingting , Wang Huide , Kou Zongkui , Liang Weiyuan , Luo Xiaoling , Verpoort Francis , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Zhang Han 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs an emerging subclass of 2D materials, Xenes (e.g., borophene, silicene, germanene, stanene, phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene) consist of one single element and have opened the door for various important applications. Benefiting from their impressive characteristics, including ultrathin folded structure, ultrahigh surface–volume ratio, excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, Xenes are considered as promising electrode materials in the field of electrochemical energy with large capacity, high rate, and high safety. This review provides a comprehensive summary of selected properties, synthetic challenges, and the latest theoretical and experimental advances in the energy‐related applications of Xenes, including Li/Na ion batteries, Li–S batteries, electrocatalysis, and supercapacitors. Finally, the challenges and outlook of this emerging field are discussed.
1D/2D Nanomaterials Synergistic, Compressible, and Response Rapidly 3D Graphene Aerogel for Piezoresistive Sensor
Authors: Cao Xueyuan , Zhang Juan , Chen Siwei , Varley Russell John , Pan Kai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGraphene‐based aerogels have been widely studied for their high porosity, good compressibility, and electrical conductivity as piezoresistive sensors. However, the fabrication of graphene aerogel sensors with good mechanical properties and excellent sensing properties simultaneously remains a challenge. Therefore, in this study, a novel nanofiber reinforced graphene aerogel (aPANF/GA) which has a 3D interconnected hierarchical microstructure with surface‐treated PAN nanofiber as a support scaffold throughout the entire graphene network is designed. This 3D interconnected microporous aPANF/GA aerogel combines an excellent compressive stress of 43.50 kPa and a high piezoresistive sensitivity of 28.62 kPa−1 as well as a wide range (0–14 kPa) linear sensitivity. When aPANF/GA is used as a piezoresistive sensor, the compression resilience is excellent, the response time is fast at about 37 ms at 3 Pa, and the structural stability and sensing durability are good after 2600 cycles. Indeed, the current signal value is 91.57% of the initial signal value at 20% compressive strain. Furthermore, the assembled sensors can monitor the real time movement of throat, wrist pulse, fingers, wrist, and knee joints of the human body at good sensitivity. These excellent features enable potential applications in health detection.
Multiscale Construction of Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Long‐Lifespan Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Zhao Chang‐Xin , Liu Jia‐Ning , Li Bo‐Quan , Ren Ding , Chen Xiao , Yu Jia , Zhang Qiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractZinc–air batteries deliver great potential as emerging energy storage systems but suffer from sluggish kinetics of the cathode oxygen redox reactions that render unsatisfactory cycling lifespan. The exploration on bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution constitutes a key solution, where rational design strategies to integrate various active sites into a high‐performance air cathode remain insufficient. Herein, a multiscale construction strategy is proposed to rationally direct the fabrication of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for long‐lifespan rechargeable zinc–air batteries. NiFe layered double hydroxides and cobalt coordinated framework porphyrin are selected as the active sites considering their high intrinsic activity at the molecular level, and the active sites are successively integrated on three‐dimensional conductive scaffolds at mesoscale to strengthen ion transportation. Consequently, the multiscale constructed electrocatalyst exhibits excellent bifunctional performance (ΔE = 0.68 V), which is even better than that of the noble metal based benchmarks. The corresponding air cathodes endow zinc–air batteries with a reduced voltage gap of 0.74 V, a high power density of 185.0 mW cm−2, and an ultralong lifespan of more than 2400 cycles at 5.0 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates a feasible strategy to rationally integrate various active sites to construct multifunctional electrocatalysts for energy‐related processes.
In Situ Construction of a LiF‐Enriched Interface for Stable All‐Solid‐State Batteries and its Origin Revealed by Cryo‐TEM
Authors: Sheng Ouwei , Zheng Jianhui , Ju Zhijin , Jin Chengbin , Wang Yao , Chen Mei , Nai Jianwei , Liu Tiefeng , Zhang Wenkui , Liu Yujing , Tao Xinyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe application of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is still inherently limited by the unstable lithium (Li)/electrolyte interface, despite the advantages of security, flexibility, and workability of SPEs. Herein, the Li/electrolyte interface is modified by introducing Li2S additive to harvest stable all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Cryo‐transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) results demonstrate a mosaic interface between poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolytes and Li metal anodes, in which abundant crystalline grains of Li, Li2O, LiOH, and Li2CO3 are randomly distributed. Besides, cryo‐TEM visualization, combined with molecular dynamics simulations, reveals that the introduction of Li2S accelerates the decomposition of N(CF3SO2)2− and consequently promotes the formation of abundant LiF nanocrystals in the Li/PEO interface. The generated LiF is further verified to inhibit the breakage of CO bonds in the polymer chains and prevents the continuous interface reaction between Li and PEO. Therefore, the all‐solid‐state LMBs with the LiF‐enriched interface exhibit improved cycling capability and stability in a cell configuration with an ultralong lifespan over 1800 h. This work is believed to open up a new avenue for rational design of high‐performance all‐solid‐state LMBs.
Excess‐Li Localization Triggers Chemical Irreversibility in Li‐ and Mn‐Rich Layered Oxides
Authors: Hwang Jaeseong , Myeong Seungjun , Jin Wooyoung , Jang Haeseong , Nam Gyutae , Yoon Moonsu , Kim Su Hwan , Joo Se Hun , Kwak Sang Kyu , Kim Min Gyu , Cho Jaephil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLi‐ and Mn‐rich layered oxides (LMRs) have emerged as practically feasible cathode materials for high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries due to their extra anionic redox behavior and market competitiveness. However, sluggish kinetics regions (<3.5 V vs Li/Li+) associated with anionic redox chemistry engender LMRs with chemical irreversibility (first‐cycle irreversibility, poor rate properties, voltage fading), which limits their practical use. Herein, the structural origin of this chemical irreversibility is revealed through a comparative study involving Li1.15Mn0.51Co0.17Ni0.17O2 with relatively localized and delocalized excess‐Li in its lattice system. Operando fine‐interval X‐ray absorption spectroscopy is used to simultaneously observe the interplay between transition‐metal–oxygen (TM‐O) redox chemistry and TM migration behavior in real time. Density functional theory calculations show that excess‐Li localization in the LMR structure attenuates TM‐O covalency and stability, leading to overall chemical irreversibility. Hence, the delocalized excess‐Li system is proposed as an alternative design for practically feasible LMR cathodes with restrained TM migration and sustainable O‐redox chemistry.
Reactivity, Selectivity, and Stability of Zeolite‐Based Catalysts for Methane Dehydroaromatization
Authors: Kosinov Nikolay , Hensen Emiel J. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon‐oxidative dehydroaromatization is arguably the most promising process for the direct upgrading of cheap and abundant methane to liquid hydrocarbons. This reaction has not been commercialized yet because of the suboptimal activity and swift deactivation of benchmark Mo‐zeolite catalysts. This progress report represents an elaboration on the recent developments in understanding of zeolite‐based catalytic materials for high‐temperature non‐oxidative dehydroaromatization of methane. It is specifically focused on recent studies, relevant to the materials chemistry and elucidating i) the structure of active species in working catalysts; ii) the complex molecular pathways underlying the mechanism of selective conversion of methane to benzene; iii) structure, evolution and role of coke species; and iv) process intensification strategies to improve the deactivation resistance and overall performance of the catalysts. Finally, unsolved challenges in this field of research are outlined and an outlook is provided on promising directions toward improving the activity, stability, and selectivity of methane dehydroaromatization catalysts.
Single‐Atom Catalysts Supported by Crystalline Porous Materials: Views from the Inside
Authors: Zhang Tianjun , Chen Ziyi , Walsh Andrew G. , Li Yi , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have recently emerged as an exciting system in heterogeneous catalysis showing outstanding performance in many catalytic reactions. Single‐atom catalytic sites alone are not stable and thus require stabilization from substrates. Crystalline porous materials such as zeolites and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent substrates for SACs, offering high stability with the potential to further enhance their performance due to synergistic effects. This review features recent work on the structure, electronic, and catalytic properties of zeolite and MOF‐protected SACs, offering atomic‐scale views from the “inside” thanks to the subatomic resolution of synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and associated methods will be shown to be powerful tools in identifying the single‐atom site and can provide details into the coordination environment and bonding disorder of SACs. The X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure will be demonstrated as a valuable method in probing the electronic properties of SACs by analyzing the white line intensity, absorption edge shift, and pre‐/postedge features. Emphasis is also placed on in situ/operando XAS using state‐of‐the‐art equipment, which can unveil the changes in structure and properties of SACs during the dynamic catalytic processes in a highly sensitive and time‐resolved manner.
Broadband Ultrafast Dynamics of Refractory Metals: TiN and ZrN
Authors: Diroll Benjamin T. , Saha Soham , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Schaller Richard D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransition metal nitrides have recently gained attention in the fields of plasmonics, plasmon‐enhanced photocatalysis, photothermal applications, and nonlinear optics because of their suitable optical properties, refractory nature, and large laser damage thresholds. This work reports comparative studies of the transient response of films of titanium nitride (TiN), zirconium nitride (ZrN), and gold (Au) under femtosecond excitation. Broadband transient optical characterization helps to adjudicate earlier, somewhat inconsistent reports regarding hot electron lifetimes based upon single wavelength measurements. These pump–probe experiments show sub‐picosecond transient dynamics only within the epsilon‐near‐zero window of the refractory metals. The dynamics are dominated by photoinduced interband transitions resulting from ultrafast electron energy redistribution. The enhanced reflection modulation in the epsilon‐near‐zero window makes it possible to observe the ultrafast optical response of these films at low pump fluences. These results indicate that electron–phonon coupling in TiN and ZrN is 25–100 times greater than in Au. Strong electron–phonon coupling drives the sub‐picosecond optical response and facilitates greater lattice heating compared to Au, making TiN and ZrN promising for photothermal applications. The spectral response and dynamics of TiN and ZrN are only weakly sensitive to pump fluence and pump excitation energy. However, the magnitude of the response is much greater at higher pump photon energies and higher fluences, reaching peak observed values of 15% in TiN and 50% in ZrN in the epsilon‐near‐zero window.
Machine Learning Based Distinguishing between Ferroelectric and Non‐Ferroelectric Polarization–Electric Field Hysteresis Loops
Authors: Huang Qicheng , Fan Zhen , Hong Lanqing , Cheng Shengliang , Tan Zhengwei , Tian Guo , Chen Deyang , Hou Zhipeng , Qin Minghui , Zeng Min , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun‐Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loop is one of the most important criteria for identifying ferroelectricity. However, a P–E loop with apparent hysteresis window can be generated from non‐ferroelectric sources such as leakage current. So far distinguishing between ferroelectric and non‐ferroelectric loops is still performed in a manual way, which can be error prone and time consuming, particularly when the loops are not easily distinguishable and the number of loops to be identified is large. Here, two machine learning (ML) approaches are developed, one using the polarization values along the P–E loops as the input dataset (termed as “value‐based” approach) and the other using the loop images as the input dataset (termed as “image‐based” approach), to identify the P–E loops as ferroelectric or non‐ferroelectric. The value‐ and image‐based ML approaches achieve identification accuracies as high as 93.08% and 87.42%, respectively. In addition, it is tested that both approaches complete an identification of about 160 loops in very short time (≈1.0 s). The high accuracy and efficiency therefore demonstrate that the ML approaches significantly outperform the manual way for distinguishing ferroelectric from non‐ferroelectric P–E loops, which may greatly facilitate the research on ferroelectrics.
Whole blood viscosity and red blood cell adhesion: Potential biomarkers for targeted and curative therapies in sickle cell disease
Authors: Kucukal Erdem , Man Yuncheng , Hill Ailis , Liu Shichen , Bode Allison , An Ran , Kadambi Jaikrishnan , Little Jane A. , Gurkan Umut A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a recessive genetic blood disorder exhibiting abnormal blood rheology. Polymerization of sickle hemoglobin, due to a point mutation in the β‐globin gene of hemoglobin, results in aberrantly adhesive and stiff red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis, abnormal RBC adhesion, and abnormal blood rheology together impair endothelial health in people with SCD, which leads to cumulative systemic complications. Here, we describe a microfluidic assay combined with a micro particle image velocimetry technique for the integrated in vitro assessment of whole blood viscosity (WBV) and RBC adhesion. We examined WBV and RBC adhesion to laminin (LN) in microscale flow in whole blood samples from 53 individuals with no hemoglobinopathies (HbAA, N = 10), hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC, N = 14), or homozygous SCD (HbSS, N = 29) with mean WBV of 4.50 cP, 4.08 cP, and 3.73 cP, respectively. We found that WBV correlated with RBC count and hematocrit in subjects with HbSC or HbSS. There was a significant inverse association between WBV and RBC adhesion under both normoxic and physiologically hypoxic (SpO2 of 83%) tests, in which lower WBV associated with higher RBC adhesion to LN in subjects with HbSS. Low WBV has been found by others to associate with endothelial activation. Altered WBV and abnormal RBC adhesion may synergistically contribute to the endothelial damage and cumulative pathophysiology of SCD. These findings suggest that WBV and RBC adhesion may serve as clinically relevant biomarkers and endpoints in assessing emerging targeted and curative therapies in SCD.
Short stature and growth hormone deficiency in a subset of patients with Potocki–Lupski syndrome: Expanding the phenotype of PTLS
Authors: Franciskovich Rachel , Soler‐Alfonso Claudia , Neira‐Fresneda Juanita , Lupski James R. , McCann‐Crosby Bonnie , Potocki Lorraine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPotocki–Lupski Syndrome (PTLS, MIM 610883), or duplication of chromosome 17p11.2, is a clinically recognizable condition characterized by infantile hypotonia, failure to thrive, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and congenital anomalies. Short stature, classified as greater than two standard deviations below the mean, has not previously been considered a major feature of PTLS. Retrospective chart review on a cohort of 37 individuals with PTLS was performed to investigate the etiology of short stature. Relevant data included anthropometric measurements, insulin growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3), growth hormone (GH) stimulation testing, blood glucose levels, brain MRI, and bone age. Approximately 25% (9/37) of individuals with PTLS had short stature. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was definitively identified in two individuals. These two PTLS patients with growth hormone deficiency, as well as three others with short stature and no documented GHD, received growth hormone and obtained improvement in linear growth. One individual was identified to have pituitary abnormalities on MRI and had complications of hypoglycemia due to unrecognized GHD. Individuals with PTLS can benefit from undergoing evaluation for GHD should they present with short stature or hypoglycemia. Early identification of GHD could facilitate potential therapeutic benefit for individuals with PTLS, including linear growth, musculoskeletal, and in cases of hypoglycemia, potentially cognitive development as well.
49,XXXXYsyndrome: A study of neurological function in this uncommon X and Y chromosomal disorder
Authors: Samango‐Sprouse Carole , Lasutschinkow Patricia C. , Mitchell Francie , Porter Grace F. , Hendrie Patricia , Powell Sherida , Sadeghin Teresa , Gropman Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Abstract49,XXXXY is a rare chromosomal variation characterized by deficits in motor, language, and cognitive domains. This study reports on the neurological function and dysmorphic features in the largest cohort to date. Seventy‐two boys with 49,XXXXY were evaluated on a variety of domains including a neurological examination and neuromotor assessments including the Beery Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual‐Motor Integration, Sixth Edition, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID‐III), and the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition. Results supported previous literature by describing high occurrences of truncal and extremity hypotonia, which significantly impacts on motor milestones and ambulation in this population. The boys presented with dysmorphic features including epicanthal folds, frontal bossing, and synophrys. Visual perception skills were mildly impaired and cranial nerves were typically intact, however capabilities in motor coordination and fine motor precision were greatly delayed, supporting deficits in refined and controlled hand movements versus widespread visual deficits. Preschool boys treated with testosterone replacement had significantly increased scores when compared to the untreated group on the BSID‐III Psychomotor Development Index, further supporting previous research indicating that testosterone replacement may have a positive impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes in males with additional X chromosomes. Boys with 49,XXXXY may benefit from hormonal treatment in conjunction with early intervention services to address their significant motor deficits.