bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autowave Mechanics of Plastic Flow
Authors: Zuev Lev B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe notions of plastic flow localization are reviewed here. It have been shown that each type of localized plasticity pattern corresponds to a given stage of deformation hardening. In the course of plastic flow development a changeover in the types of localization patterns occurs. The types of localization patterns are limited to a total of four pattern types. A correspondence has been set up between the emergent localization pattern and the respective flow stage. It is found that the localization patterns are manifestations of the autowave nature of plastic flow localization process, with each pattern type corresponding to a definite type of autowave. Propagation velocity, dispersion and grain size dependence of wavelength have been determined experimentally for the phase autowave. An elastic-plastic strain invariant has also been introduced to relate the elastic and plastic properties of the deforming medium. It is found that the autowave’s characteristics follow directly from the latter invariant. A hypothetic quasi-particle has been introduced which correlates with the localized plasticity autowave; the probable properties of the quasi-particle have been estimated. Taking the quasi-particle approach, the characteristics of the plastic flow localization process are considered herein.
Adhesion Hysteresis Due to Chemical Heterogeneity
Authors: Popov Valentin L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccording the JKR theory of adhesivecontact, changes of the contact configuration after formation of the adhesive neck and before detaching are completely reversible. This means, that after formation of the initial contact, the force-distance dependencies should coincide, independently of the direction of the process (indentation or pull-off). In the majority of real systems, this invariance is not observed. The reasons for this may be either plastic deformation in the contacting bodies or surface roughness. One further mechanism of irreversibility (and corresponding energy dissipation) may be chemical heterogeneity of the contact interface leading to the spatial dependence of the specific work of adhesion. In the present paper, this “chemical” mechanism is analyzed on a simple example of an axisymmetric contact (with axisymmetric heterogeneity). It is shown that in the asymptotic case of a “microscopic heterogeneity”, the system follows, during both indentation and pull-off, JKR curves, however, corresponding to different specific surface energies. After the turning point of the movement, the contact area first does not change and the transition from one JKR curve to the other occurs via a linear dependency of the force on indentation depth. The macroscopic behavior is not sensitive to the absolute and relative widths of the regions with different surface energy but depends mainly on the values of the specific surface energy.
Transfer of a Biological Fluid Through a Porous Wall of a Capillary
Authors: Nazarenko Nelli N. , Knyazeva Anna G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe treatise proposes a model of biological fluid transfer in a dedicated macropore with microporous walls. The distribution of concentrations and velocity studies in the capillary wall for two flow regimes—convective and diffusive. The largest impact on the redistribution of concentration between the capillary volume and its porous wall is made by Darcy number and correlation of diffusion coefficients and concentration expansion. The velocity in the interface vicinity increases with rising pressure in the capillary volume or under decreasing porosity or without consideration of the concentration expansion.
A New Method for Seismically Safe Managing of Seismotectonic Deformations in Fault Zones
Authors: Ruzhich Valery V. , Shilko Evgeny V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe authors outline the results of long-term interdisciplinary research aimed at identifying the possibility and the methods of controlling tangential displacements in seismically dangerous faults to reduce the seismic risk of potential earthquakes. The studies include full-scale physical and numerical modeling of P-T conditions in the earth’s crust contributing to the initiation of displacement in the stick-slip regime and associated seismic radiation. A cooperation of specialists in physical mesomechanics, seismogeology, geomechanics, and tribology made it possible to combine and generalize data on the mechanisms for the formation of the sources of dangerous earthquakes in the highly stressed segments of faults. We consider the prospect of man-caused actions on the deep horizons of fault zones using powerful shocks or vibrations in combination with injecting aqueous solutions through deep wells to manage the slip mode. We show that such actions contribute to a decrease in the coseismic slip velocity in the fault zone, and, therefore, cause a decrease in the amplitude and energy of seismic vibrations. In conclusion, we substantiate the efficiency of the use of combined impacts on potentially seismically hazardous segments of fault zones identified in the medium-term seismic prognosis. Finally, we discuss the importance of the full-scale validation of the proposed approach to managing the displacement regime in highly-stressed segments of fault zones. Validation should be based on large-scale tests involving advanced technologies for drilling deep multidirectional wells, injection of complex fluids, and localized vibrational or pulse impacts on deep horizons.
A Tool for Studying the Mechanical Behavior of the Bone–Endoprosthesis System Based on Multi-scale Simulation
Authors: Smolin Alexey Yu. , Eremina Galina M. , Shilko Evgeny V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe chapter presents recent advances in developing numerical models for multiscale simulation of the femur–endoprosthesis system for the case of hip resurfacing arthroplasty. The models are based on the movable cellular automaton method, which is a representative of the discrete element approach in solid mechanics and allows correctly simulating mechanical behavior of a variety of elastoplastic materials including fracture and mass mixing. At the lowest scale, the model describes sliding friction between two rough surfaces of TiN coatings, which correspond to different parts of the friction pair of hip resurfacing endoprosthesis. At this scale, such parameters of the contacting surfaces as the thickness, roughness, and mechanical properties are considered explicitly. The next scale of the model corresponds to a resurfacing cap for the femur head rotating in the artificial acetabulum insert. Here, sliding friction is explicitly computed based on the effective coefficient of friction obtained at the previous scale. At the macroscale, the proximal part of the femur with a resurfacing cap is simulated at different loads. The bone is considered as a composite consisting of outer cortical and inner cancellous tissues, which are simulated within two approaches: the first implies their linear elastic behavior, the second considers these tissues as Boit’s poroelastic bodies. The later allows revealing the role of the interstitial biological fluid in the mechanical behavior of the bone. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, the plan for future works is proposed.
Material Transfer by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Eliseev Alexander A. , Kalashnikova Tatiana A. , Filippov Andrey V. , Kolubaev Evgeny A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMechanical surface hardening processes have long been of interest to science and technology. Today, surface modification technologies have reached a new level. One of them is friction stir processing that refines the grain structure of the material to a submicrocrystalline state. Previously, the severe plastic deformation occurring during processing was mainly described from the standpoint of temperature and deformation, because the process is primarily thermomechanical. Modeling of friction stir welding and processing predicted well the heat generation in a quasi-liquid medium. However, the friction stir process takes place in the solid phase, and therefore the mass transfer issues remained unresolved. The present work develops the concept of adhesive-cohesive mass transfer during which the rotating tool entrains the material due to adhesion, builds up a transfer layer due to cohesion, and then leaves it behind. Thus, the transfer layer thickness is a clear criterion for the mass transfer effectiveness. Here we investigate the effect of the load on the transfer layer and analyze it from the viewpoint of the friction coefficient and heat generation. It is shown that the transfer layer thickness increases with increasing load, reaches a maximum, and then decreases. In so doing, the average moment on the tool and the temperature constantly grow, while the friction coefficient decreases. This means that the mass transfer cannot be fully described in terms of temperature and strain. The given load dependence of the transfer layer thickness is explained by an increase in the cohesion forces with increasing load, and then by a decrease in cohesion due to material overheating. The maximum transfer layer thickness is equal to the feed to rotation rate ratio and is observed at the axial load that causes a stress close to the yield point of the material. Additional plasticization of the material resulting from the acoustoplastic effect induced by ultrasonic treatment slightly reduces the transfer layer thickness, but has almost no effect on the moment, friction coefficient, and temperature. The surface roughness of the processed material is found to have a similar load dependence.
Einleitung und Überblick
Authors: Jeske Tim 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung und ihre Potenziale für die Arbeitsgestaltung werden in diesem einleitenden Überblicksbeitrag kurz umrissen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden der Förderschwerpunkt „Arbeit in der digitalisierten Welt“ und seine Begleitung durch das Projekt TransWork beschrieben. Die damit verbundene Strukturierung der insgesamt 29 begleiteten Projekte in Schwerpunktgruppen wird erläutert und die Schwerpunktgruppe „Produktivitätsmanagement“ näher dargestellt. Schließlich werden das vorliegende Werk und der handlungsleitende Aufbau der Beiträge aus der Schwerpunktgruppe beschrieben: vom praktischen Anwendungsbeispiel über ein schrittweises Vorgehen bis hin zu zentralen Ergebnissen und Lessons Learned.
Arbeit 4.0 in der Produktentstehung
Authors: Foullois Marc , Bansmann Michael , Mlekus Lisa , Paruzel Agnieszka , Bentler Dominik , Kato-Beiderwieden Anna-Lena , Jenderny Sascha , Seifert Lars 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDigitale Technologien haben das Potential unser Leben und die Wertschöpfung nachhaltig zu verändern. Speziell in der Produktentstehung zeigt die Digitalisierung großes Nutzenpotential. Dies hängt unter anderem mit dem Zuwachs an Daten über den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus zusammen. Das Projekt IviPep (Instrumentarium zur Gestaltung individualisierter virtueller Produktentstehungsprozesse in der Industrie 4.0) hat das Ziel der menschengerechten Gestaltung der digitalen Arbeitswelt bei gleichzeitiger Effizienzsteigerung der Produktentstehung. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird, ausgehend von der Ausgangssituation (Innovation, steigende Anforderungen, demografischer Wandel), die Einführung digitalisierter Arbeit in der Produktentstehung beschreiben. Weiterführend werden die Erkenntnisse des Forschungsvorhabens beschrieben und mit den Lessons learned abgeschlossen.
Synchronisation von Digitalisierung, Qualitätssicherung und Assistenzsystemen an Arbeitsplätzen mit geringem Automatisierungsgrad
Authors: Rusch Tobias , Riegel Amelie , Hueber Michael , Kerber Florian , Merkel Lukas , Sochor Robin , Merhar Laura , Romanelli Massimo , Guo Zhenqiang , Klug Hermann , Stelzle Benedikt 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungAufgrund variantenreicher Produktportfolios und steigender Kundenanforderungen im internationalen Wettbewerb stehen KMU vor besonderen Herausforderungen, die durch klassische Automatisierungstechnologien nicht zu lösen sind. Digital vernetzte Assistenzsysteme bieten die Möglichkeit, MitarbeiterInnen bei der Montage individueller Varianten kognitiv und physisch zu unterstützen. Im Projekt SynDiQuAss wurden auf Basis einer von den Partnern gemeinsam erarbeiteten und verabschiedeten Handlungsverpflichtung Methodiken und Technologien für den Einsatz an prototypischen Montagearbeitsplätzen entwickelt. Ziel des Projekts ist es, Produktqualität und Arbeitsproduktivität im Bereich der Montage in kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen durch Einsatz von Assistenzsystemen und Digitalisierungstechnologien zu verbessern. Während der Konzept- und Entwicklungsphasen wurden Akzeptanzuntersuchungen, Mitarbeiterbefragungen und Validierungsstudien durchgeführt, um die Qualität der Lösungsansätze zu beurteilen und die betroffenen MitarbeiterInnen am Transformationsprozess teilhaben zu lassen. Als finales Projektergebnis wurden zwei spezifizierte Montagearbeitsplätze zur prozessintegrierten robotergestützten Qualitätskontrolle und zur hybriden Getriebemontageassistenz aufgebaut und innerhalb der existierenden Produktionsstätten einem Praxistest unterzogen.
On the Jordan–Moore–Gibson–Thompson Wave Equation in Hereditary Fluids with Quadratic Gradient Nonlinearity
Authors: Nikolić Vanja , Said-Houari Belkacem 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove global solvability of the third-order in time Jordan–More–Gibson–Thompson acoustic wave equation with memory in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

, where $$n \ge 3$$

n
≥
3

. This wave equation models ultrasonic propagation in relaxing hereditary fluids and incorporates both local and cumulative nonlinear effects. The proof of global existence is based on a sequence of high-order energy bounds that are uniform in time, and derived under the assumption of an exponentially decaying memory kernel and sufficiently small and regular initial data.
A homogeneous approach to testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels
Authors: Juodis Artūras , Karavias Yiannis , Sarafidis Vasilis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a new method for testing for Granger non-causality in panel data models with large cross-sectional (N) and time series (T) dimensions. The method is valid in models with homogeneous or heterogeneous coefficients. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the fact that under the null hypothesis, the Granger-causation parameters are all equal to zero, and thus they are homogeneous. Therefore, we put forward a pooled least-squares (fixed effects type) estimator for these parameters only. Pooling over cross sections guarantees that the estimator has a $$\sqrt{NT}$$

NT

convergence rate. In order to account for the well-known “Nickell bias”, the approach makes use of the well-known Split Panel Jackknife method. Subsequently, a Wald test is proposed, which is based on the bias-corrected estimator. Finite-sample evidence shows that the resulting approach performs well in a variety of settings and outperforms existing procedures. Using a panel data set of 350 U.S. banks observed during 56 quarters, we test for Granger non-causality between banks’ profitability and cost efficiency.
Latest Carboniferous to early Permian volcano-stratigraphic evolution in Central Europe: U–Pb CA–ID–TIMS ages of volcanic rocks in the Thuringian Forest Basin (Germany)
Authors: Lützner Harald , Tichomirowa Marion , Käßner Alexandra , Gaupp Reinhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMainly acidic Stephanian to early Permian volcanic rocks and intercalated sediments accumulated in the Thuringian Forest Basin (TFB) in central Germany to a total thickness of ca. 2000 m. This basin offers a wide range of biostratigraphic information. New high-precision U–Pb CA–ID–TIMS (chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry) zircon data are obtained from volcanic rocks for the first time in the TFB. Pre-treatment of the zircons by chemical abrasion was important to get rid of severe Pb loss. The zircon ages of the investigated formations indicate that the total duration of the volcanic activity in the TFB was considerably shorter [ca. 4 Myr: from 300 Ma for the oldest formation (Möhrenbach) until ca. 296 Ma for the youngest volcanic-rock-bearing formation (Rotterode)] than suggested in previous studies (ca. 20 Myr; 295 Ma to 275 Ma). Consequently, the well-documented gap of the sedimentary record from the early Permian volcanic rocks up to the Illawarra geomagnetic reversal has to be extended to ca. 25 Myr from the previously proposed 5 Myr. The zircon ages of the investigated volcanic rocks allow the constraining of some intercalated fossiliferous horizons crucial for biostratigraphic correlation of latest Carboniferous–early Permian (Rotliegend) sections. The high-precision age data require a new interpretation of the evolution of the TFB but also offer the chance to obtain a more reliable comparison of the timing of the main magmatic activity across intramontane basins as well as to obtain links to the Standard Global Stratigraphic Scale.
Anwendungen der FISH in der Diagnostik von Lungenkarzinomen
Authors: Hieggelke Lena , Schultheis Anne M. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie rasante Entwicklung im Bereich der Lungenkrebstherapie wurde maßgeblich auch durch die Entdeckung molekularer Marker und der damit verbundenen Möglichkeit einer personalisierten Therapie bestimmt. Die heutige Lungenkrebsdiagnostik stellt hohe Anforderungen an den Pathologen. An kleinen Gewebeproben muss nicht nur die Diagnose gestellt, sondern müssen auch alle therapierelevanten Biomarker getestet werden. Das verlangte Mindestmaß bei fortgeschrittenem nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom („non small cell lung cancer“, NSCLC) mit Nicht-Plattenepithel-Histologie umfasst die Testung von EGFR, BRAF, ALK, ROS1 und PD-L1. Für Plattenepithelkarzinome ist bislang nur die PD-L1-IHC (Immunhistochemie, IHC) gefordert. Nach Möglichkeit sollten neuere Biomarker wie RET, MET, HER2, NTRK und KRAS integriert werden. Die Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung („fluorescence in situ hybridization“, FISH) ist eine gut-etablierte Methode zum Nachweis einer ALK-, ROS1- und RET-Translokation, wobei die ALK-IHC als gleichwertig anerkannt wurde. Die Relevanz der MET-FISH zum Amplifikationsnachweis im First-line-Setting ist umstritten. Nicht eindeutige Fälle sollten immer mit einem orthogonalen Verfahren validiert werden. Hierzu eignet sich bei ALK und ROS1 die IHC mit dem Vorteil schneller und kostengünstiger Testergebnisse sowie geringen Gewebeverbrauchs. Bei allen anderen Translokationen oder bei Diskrepanz zwischen IHC und FISH sollte ein sequenzierungsbasiertes Verfahren ergänzt werden. Zur Detektion der seltenen NTRK-Fusionen eignet sich bei hoher Sensitivität ein IHC-Vorscreening; die sequenzierungsbasierte Analyse ist hier bei Positivität zur Bestätigung indiziert.
Comparing ethnic segregation across cities—measurement issues matter
Authors: Meister Moritz , Niebuhr Annekatrin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates how important measurement issues such as the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), random unevenness and spatial autocorrelation affect cross-sectional studies of ethnic segregation. We use geocoded data for German cities to investigate the impact of these measurement problems on the average level of segregation and on the ranking of cities. The findings on the average level of residential segregation turn out to be rather robust. The ranking of cities is, however, sensitive to the assumptions regarding reallocation of population across neighbourhoods that the use of different segregation measures involves. Moreover, the results suggest that standard aspatial approaches tend to underrate the degree of segregation because they ignore the spatial clustering of ethnic groups. In contrast, non-consideration of random unevenness gives rise to a moderate upward bias of the mean segregation level and involves minor changes in the ranking of cities if the minority group is large. However, the importance of random segregation significantly increases as the size of the minority group declines. If the size of specific ethnic groups differs across regions, this may also affect the ranking of regions. Thus, the necessity to properly account for measurement issues increases as segregation analyses become more detailed and consider specific (small) minority groups.
Clean label starch: production, physicochemical characteristics, and industrial applications
Authors: Park Shinjae , Kim Yong-Ro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, health-conscious consumers have a tendency to avoid the use of modified starch in their food products because of reluctance regarding food additives or chemical processes. The present paper considers the characteristics and manufacturing methods of clean label starch, which is free from chemical modification. Clean label starch manufacturing is mainly dependent on starch blending, physical and enzymatic modification methods. Physical modifications include ultrasound, hydrothermal (e.g., heat-moisture treatment and annealing), pre-gelatinization (e.g., drum drying, roll drying, spray cooking, and extrusion cooking), high-pressure (high hydrostatic pressure), and pulsed electric field treatments. These physical processes allow variation of starch properties, such as morphological, thermal, rheological, and pasting properties. Enzyme treatment can change the properties of starch more dramatically. Actual use of clean label starch with such altered properties has occurred in industry and is described here. This review may provide useful information on the current status and future direction of clean label starch in the field of food science.
Efficacy and safety of darolutamide in Japanese patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a sub-group analysis of the phase III ARAMIS trial
Authors: Uemura Hiroji , Matsushima Hisashi , Kobayashi Kazuki , Mizusawa Hiroya , Nishimatsu Hiroaki , Fizazi Karim , Smith Matthew , Shore Neal , Tammela Teuvo , Tabata Ken-ichi , Matsubara Nobuaki , Iinuma Masahiro , Uemura Hirotsugu , Oya Mototsugu , Momma Tetsuo , Kawakita Mutsushi , Fukasawa Satoshi , Kobayashi Tadahiro , Kuss Iris , Le Berre Marie-Aude , Snapir Amir , Sarapohja Toni , Suzuki Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Darolutamide, an oral androgen receptor inhibitor, has been approved for treating nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), based on significant improvements in metastasis-free survival (MFS) in the ARAMIS clinical trial. Efficacy and safety of darolutamide in Japanese patients are reported here.

Methods
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial, 1509 patients with nmCRPC and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time ≤ 10 months were randomized 2:1 to darolutamide 600 mg twice daily or matched placebo while continuing androgen deprivation therapy. The primary endpoint was MFS.

Results
In Japan, 95 patients were enrolled and randomized to darolutamide (n = 62) or placebo (n = 33). At the primary analysis (cut-off date: September 3, 2018), after 20 primary end-point events had occurred, median MFS was not reached with darolutamide vs. 18.2 months with placebo (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.11–0.70). Median OS was not reached due to limited numbers of events in both groups but favored darolutamide in the Japanese subgroup. Time to pain progression, time to PSA progression, and PSA response also favored darolutamide. Among Japanese patients randomized to darolutamide vs. placebo, incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were 85.5 vs. 63.6%, and incidences of treatment discontinuation due to TEAEs were 8.1 vs. 6.1%.

Conclusions
Efficacy outcomes favored darolutamide in Japanese patients with nmCRPC, supporting the clinical benefit of darolutamide in this patient population. Darolutamide was well tolerated; however, due to the small sample size, it is impossible to conclude with certainty whether differences in the safety profile exist between Japanese and overall ARAMIS populations.