bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Vasculopathy of Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Endothelial Injury, Hypercoagulability, and Increased Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Papadopoulou Charalampia , Hong Ying , Krol Petra , Al Obaidi Muthana , Pilkington Clarissa , Wedderburn Lucy R. , Brogan Paul A. , Eleftheriou Despina 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveVasculopathy is considered central to the pathogenesis of juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) and is associated with severe extramuscular manifestations. We undertook this study to investigate the hypothesis that the vasculopathy of juvenile DM can be noninvasively tracked by examining biomarkers of endothelial injury, subclinical inflammation, hypercoagulability, and vascular arterial stiffness.MethodsThe study population was a UK cohort of children with juvenile DM. Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and microparticles (MPs) were identified using immunomagnetic bead extraction and flow cytometry, respectively. Plasma thrombin generation was determined using a fluorogenic assay. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Arterial stiffness was assessed using pulse wave velocity (PWV). Results were expressed as the median and interquartile range (IQR), and statistical significance was assessed using nonparametric analyses.ResultsNinety patients with juvenile DM and 79 healthy control subjects were included. The median age of the patients was 10.21 years (IQR 6.68–13.40), and the median disease duration was 1.63 years (IQR 0.28–4.66). CEC counts were higher in all patients with juvenile DM compared to controls (median 96 cells/ml [IQR (40–192] and 12 cells/ml [IQR 8–24], respectively; P < 0.0001). Circulating MP numbers were also significantly higher in patients with active juvenile DM compared to controls (median 204.7 × 103/ml [IQR 87.9–412.6] and 44.3 × 103/ml [IQR 15.0–249.1], respectively; P < 0.0001). MPs were predominantly of platelet and endothelial origin. Enhanced plasma thrombin generation was demonstrated in patients with active juvenile DM compared to those with inactive disease (P = 0.0003) and controls (P < 0.0001). Carotid‐radial PWV adjusted for age was increased in patients with juvenile DM compared to controls (P = 0.003).ConclusionWe observed increased endothelial injury and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with active juvenile DM. MP profiles reflected distinct disease activity status in juvenile DM and are markers of vascular pathology, platelet activation, and thrombotic propensity. Ongoing long‐term vascular injury may result in increased arterial stiffness in patients with juvenile DM.
Collaborative qualitative research at scale: Reflections on 20 years of acquiring global data and making data global
Authors: Borgman Christine L. , Wofford Morgan F. , Golshan Milena S. , Darch Peter T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 5‐year project to study scientific data uses in geography, starting in 1999, evolved into 20 years of research on data practices in sensor networks, environmental sciences, biology, seismology, undersea science, biomedicine, astronomy, and other fields. By emulating the “team science” approaches of the scientists studied, the UCLA Center for Knowledge Infrastructures accumulated a comprehensive collection of qualitative data about how scientists generate, manage, use, and reuse data across domains. Building upon Paul N. Edwards's model of “making global data”—collecting signals via consistent methods, technologies, and policies—to “make data global”—comparing and integrating those data, the research team has managed and exploited these data as a collaborative resource. This article reflects on the social, technical, organizational, economic, and policy challenges the team has encountered in creating new knowledge from data old and new. We reflect on continuity over generations of students and staff, transitions between grants, transfer of legacy data between software tools, research methods, and the role of professional data managers in the social sciences.
A Minireview on High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Zheng Junsheng , Xing Guangguang , Zhang Luyao , Lu Yanyan , Jin Liming , Zheng Jim P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are assembled with a battery‐type anode and a capacitor‐type cathode, so they combine high energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and excellent rate and cycling performance of supercapacitors (SCs). However, the current level still cannot satisfy the target. And the leading problem is LICs cannot offer enough capacity under high power density and long cycling life due to the storage mechanism of anodes. This paper gives the present attempts on electrodes, solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) and operation conditions. And after discussion, the paper holds that the discharge voltage plateau of anodes should be well‐chosen, and the anode structure like an ordered mesoporous structure can provide fast and versatile transport pathways for charge transfer and provide free space to accommodate the volume change upon Li‐ions insertion/extraction. In addition, the multilayer SEI with the synergism like LiF and Li2CO3 can provide better electronic insulation and ion conductivity. Furthermore, appropriate working potential is also an effective mean to improve performance of LICs.
Iron‐Nitrogen Co‐doped Carbon with a Tunable Composition as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Liu Wendong , Zhang Chenghui , Zhang Yuxuan , Jiang Yuanyuan , Chen Chuanxia , Ni Pengjuan , Wang Bo , Lu Yizhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between composition and activity is essential for the rational design of metal‐nitrogen‐Carbon (M−N−C) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, a series of Fe‐N co‐doped porous carbon (Fe‐N−C) electrocatalysts are successfully prepared through the pyrolysis of ZIF‐8 doped with different amount of hemin. The catalyst (Fe55‐N−C) exhibits impressive ORR performance with an onset potential (Eonset) of 1.02 V (vs. RHE) and a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.892 V in alkaline media, outperforming commercial Pt/C. Meanwhile, the average kinetic current density (Jk) of Fe55‐N−C at 0.850 V is 17.5 mA cm−2, which is 3.3‐fold higher than that of commercial Pt/C. Besides, it also delivers anti‐methanol poisoning ability and high durability. The high performance stems from the hierarchical porous structure, large specific surface area, and high dispersion of Fe‐Nx active sites in Fe55‐N−C. These findings could inspire new perspectives for rationally designing and synthesizing economical and practical non‐precious‐metal oxygen reduction electrocatalysts.
A novel framework for energy‐efficient compressive data gathering in heterogeneous wireless sensor network
Authors: Manchanda Rachit , Sharma Kanika 
Published: January 2021

SummaryWireless sensor network (WSN) suffers from the energy‐limited sensor nodes which consume energy heavily depending upon the magnitude of data which is transmitted or received by the nodes in the network. In this paper, our primary aim is to reduce the quantity of data transmitted to the data‐collecting sink, which helps in the energy preservation and eventually leads to network longevity. To address this concern, in this paper, we propose a novel framework for energy‐efficient compressive data gathering (NFECG) for heterogeneous WSN. NFECG works in four following phases; in the first phase, the cluster head (CH) selection is performed by considering remaining energy, “distance within the nodes and the sink,” and node density; in second phase, sleep scheduling is done among the cluster member nodes; further, in third phase, the compression of the aggregated data is performed at the CH level, and equivalent compressed sparse signals are generated which are transmitted to sink. In the last phase, at the sink, decompression is applied to retrieve the original signals. The simulation of NFECG is performed using MATLAB under two cases of different network area and number of nodes. We examine its performance for various performance metrics and also inspect for its scalable characteristics. The results show that for one of the two cases, it improves stability period and network lifetime by 52.59% and 46.09%, respectively, as compared to energy‐adjusted high‐level data total tree (EHDT) protocol, and also for the other case of network configuration, it acquires supreme performance.
Radial basis function neural network path loss prediction model for LTE networks in multitransmitter signal propagation environments
Authors: Ojo Stephen , Imoize Agbotiname , Alienyi Daniel 
Published: January 2021

SummaryPath loss prediction models occupy a central role in wireless signal propagation because of the continuous need to achieve reliable and high quality of service for subscribers satisfaction. However, the adoption of deterministic and empirical models for pathloss characterization presents a highly contending trade‐off between simplicity and accuracy. On the one hand, empirical models are relatively simple to apply but are mostly inaccurate and inconsistent. Deterministic models are more accurate but quite complex to develop, time‐consuming, and possess nonadaptable characteristics. Toward this end, this paper proposes to address the problems associated with the existing models (empirical and deterministic) through the introduction of machine learning algorithms to path loss predictions. The contribution of this paper is in threefold. First, experimental data were collected in multitransmitter scenarios via drive test in six base transceiver stations, and the pathloss of the received signal level was derived and analyzed. Two machine learning‐based path loss prediction models were then developed using the measured data as input variables. The developed path loss prediction models are the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and the multilayer perception neural network (MLPNN). Further to this, the MLPNN and the RBFNN models were compared with the measured path loss, and the RBFNN appears to be more accurate with lower values of root mean squared errors (RMSEs) in comparison with the MLPNN. Finally, the proposed machine language‐based path loss prediction models (MLPNN and RBFNN) were compared against five existing empirical models, and again, the RBFNN shows the most accurate results.
Smart workload migration on external cloud service providers to minimize delay, running time, and transfer cost
Authors: Badshah Afzal , Ghani Anwar , Irshad Azeem , Naqvi Husnain , Kumari Saru 
Published: January 2021

SummaryWith limited resources, overutilization is a challenging issue in the emerging system of smart devices, resulting in higher costs, poor performance and low prices due to service level agreement (SLA) violations. These factors extremely annoy the customers as well as providers. External resources are hired to overcome the resources scalability challenges; however, external resources cause higher delay, running time, and transfer cost. The lift in delay explicitly means more cost and more customers dissatisfaction. The delay and transfer cost increases with geographical distance and overutilization. In this article, a mechanism is proposed to make efficient migration decisions to external cloud service providers (CSPs) to minimize the delay, running time, and transfer cost by searching an optimum data center (DC), where the resources may be taken with optimum conditions. The Cloud Analyst is extended to simulate the proposed framework. Results were calculated for three different phenomena, where hiring the resources from underutilized DC decreases the running time to 0.237 ms; however, the response time and transfer cost increases to 499 ms and 0.228 $, respectively; similarly, getting the resources of nearest DC drops the delay time and transfer cost to 80 ms and 0.065 $ respectively; however, the execution time increases to 0.500 ms. The proposed framework optimized the delay time, execution time and transfer cost to 50 ms, 0.237 ms, and 0.065 $, respectively.
A method based on encryption and node rating for securing the RPL protocol communications in the IoT ecosystem
Authors: Zaminkar Mina , Sarkohaki Fateme , Fotohi Reza 
Published: January 2021

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) provides the possibility for milliards of devices throughout the world to communicate with each other, and data are collected autonomously. The big data generated by the devices should be managed securely. Due to security challenges, like malicious nodes, many approaches cannot respond to these concerns. In this paper, a robust hybrid method, including encryption, is used as an efficient approach for resolving the Low‐Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) protocol concerns so that the devices are connected securely. Therefore, the proposed Detection of sinkholes in RPL (DSH‐RPL) method for securing the RPL protocol comprises the four following phases: the first phase creates a reliable RPL. The second phase detects the sinkhole attack. The third phase quarantines the detected malicious node, and the fourth phase transmits data through encryption. The simulation results show that the DSH‐RPL reduces the false‐positive rate more than 18.2% and 23.1% and reduces the false‐negative rate more than 16.1% and 22.78% and it also increases the packet delivery rate more than 19.68% and 25.32% and increases the detection rate more than 26% and 31% compared to SecTrust‐RPL and IBOOS‐RPL.
Effects of stand composition and soil properties on water repellency and hydraulic conductivity in Mediterranean forests
Authors: Zema Demetrio Antonio , Van Stan John T. , Plaza‐Alvarez Pedro Antonio , Xu Xiangzhou , Carra Bruno Gianmarco , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates soil hydraulic conductivity (SHC) and water repellency (SWR) in three mixed forest stands in relation to site plant and soil characteristics. The studied forest stands were (i) Pinus nigra Arn. ssp salzmannii and Quercus ilex; (ii) P. nigra Arn. ssp salzmannii and Juniperus Thurifera; (iii) P. nigra Arn. ssp salzmannii, Q. ilex and Juniperus Thurifera. A 100‐ to 120‐year‐old unmanaged P. nigra Arn. ssp salzmannii stand was also chosen as control. The hydrological variables, physico‐chemical properties and surface characteristics of soils were surveyed. Soil water infiltration was higher in Pinus + Juniper mixed forest and Pinus + Quercus + Juniper mixed forests compared to unmanaged Pinus stands. None of the studied forest stands shows a high level of repellency. Only a slight repellency (in unmanaged stands dominated by pines) or moderate repellency (in soils with Pinus and Juniper) were evident, while soils with Pinus and Quercus were not repellent. Differences in SHC among the forest species were driven primarily by the soil texture and associated structure and secondarily by soil organic matter and associated SWR. The latter was mainly due to organic matter content of the soils, but others of the soil physico‐chemical properties and covers analysed were found as influencing parameters to discriminate SWR among mono‐specific and mixed forest stands. While SHC at the studied forest stands could be predicted using organic matter as well as sand and clay contents of the soil, SWR is the result of several hydrological and physico‐chemical parameters.
Incorporation of Polyoxometalate in Sulfonic Acid‐modified MIL‐101‐Cr for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction Activity
Authors: Wang Yue , Xie Yue , Deng Mingchuan , Liu Tianfu , Yang Hongxun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSilicomolybdic acid is supported on the sulfonic acid‐modified MIL‐101‐Cr by diffusion method, which increases the metal active sites on the surface of the material while maintains the structural integrity of MIL‐101. The CO yield of composite SiMo12O40@SO3H‐MIL‐101‐Cr in CO2 photoreduction is as high as 82.95 μmol/(g ⋅ h), and the CO selectivity is 93.2 %. The improvement in the catalytic performance of the composite can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the sulfonic acid group and the silicomolybdic acid molecule, which could effectively promote the separation of photogenerated carriers and inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and hole pairs.
Structural Changes in Five‐Coordinate Bromido‐bis(o‐iminobenzo‐semiquinonato)iron(III) Complex: Spin‐Crossover or Ligand‐Metal Antiferromagnetic Interactions?
Authors: Vlasenko Valery G. , Guda Alexander A. , Starikov Andrey G. , Chegerev Maxim G. , Piskunov Alexander V. , Ershova Irina V. , Trigub Alexander L. , Tereshchenko Andrei A. , Rusalev Yurii V. , Kubrin Stanislav P. , Soldatov Alexander V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpin‐crossover metal complexes represent important building blocks for a future generation of electronic and optical devices. Pentacoordinated o‐iminosemiquinonate iron(III) complexes are able to demonstrate spin transitions between high spin (HS) and intermediate spin (IS) states under the influence of temperature or irradiation. Studied (MeimSQ)2FeBr sample showed a broad magnetic transition in the temperature region from 30 K to 300 K. Remarkably that observed behavior of magnetization can be interpreted with two controversial models. In the first model, the values of the effective magnetic moment at low temperature and high temperature can be assigned to the IS and HS magnetic moment of ferric ion coupled antiferromagnetically to radical anion ligands. In the second model, the metal spin on metal center remains IS in the whole temperature interval, while the mutual orientation of three magnetic moments in the molecule undergo changes due to exchange interactions. In this work we apply density functional theory and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to unravel the origin of magnetic properties of the complex. Temperature‐induced changes of interatomic distances in the first coordination sphere support the second model. Such comprehensive analysis of the magnetic properties makes it possible to shed light on the nature of spin transitions in complexes of transition metals with open‐shell ligands, which are often complicated by strong exchange interactions.
Preparation of g‐C3N4 Nanosheets/CuO with Enhanced Catalytic Activity on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Ma Dan Na , Li Xiao Meng , Wang Xiao Qing , Luo Yun Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe thermal oxidation etching assisted g‐C3N4 nanosheets/CuO was prepared through a facile co‐precipitation strategy. In this work, the structure, morphology, and composition of g‐C3N4 (UCN, prepared by urea), g‐C3N4 nanosheets (TCN, prepared by thermal oxidation etching of UCN), g‐C3N4/CuO (UCN/CuO), g‐C3N4 nanosheets/CuO (TCN/CuO) were characterized via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the catalytic effect of the obtained samples on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was examined by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). As a result, in the case of 5 wt% TCN/CuO, the high decomposition temperature of AP decreased by 120.6 °C, which is much lower than that of UCN, TCN, CuO and UCN/CuO. In addition, the exothermic heat released from the decomposition of AP increased from 430.64 J g−1 to 2856.08 J g−1. This evident catalytic activity may be related to the synergistic effect of CuO and TCN. This work provides a novel strategy for the construction of composite catalyst for the thermal decomposition of AP, which is supposed to possess significant potential in the solid propellant field.
Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed C−H/N−H Functionalization and Annulation of N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)benzamide with Cyclopropanols
Authors: Chen Jinkang , Yin Chuanliu , Zhou Jian , Yu Chuanming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new method for Co‐catalyzed C−H/N−H functionalization and [4+1] annulation of N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)benzamide with cyclopropanols was developed. This protocol tolerates a variety of functional groups, thereby providing an efficient method for the fabrication of isoindolin‐1‐ones. Moreover, the utility of this strategy was showcased by the late‐stage modification of lithocholic acid derivatives and ibuprofen derivatives.
Domino Processes of Arynes Reacting with Three Classes of Nucleophiles for Organic Syntheses
Authors: Hwu Jih Ru , Panja Avijit , Gupta Nitesh K. , Hu Yu‐Chen , Tan Kui‐Thong , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Hwang Kuo‐Chu , Hsu Ming‐Hua , Huang Wen‐Chieh , Tsay Shwu‐Chen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSynthetic application of arynes is broadened by their reactions with neutral N‐, S‐, and O‐containing nucleophiles to produce three types of compounds. Accordingly, 1,2‐dihydroquinolines are synthesized from Schiff bases, alkynes, and arynes through a Diels‐Alder reaction. Epoxides are prepared from thioethers and arynes along with aldehydes or ketones through a Johnson‐Corey‐Chaykovsky reaction. Phenolic ethers are produced from allyl ethers and arynes through a Claisen‐type rearrangement. These target molecules, including natural products γ‐asarone, asaricin, and a cholesteryl phenolic ether, are formed through reactions initiated by arynes. These new reactions share a prevailing feature of domino processes, which are carried out in a single flask and afford the desired products in good to high yields.
Experimental and numerical investigation of energy dissipation of roadways with thick soft roofs in underground coal mines
Authors: Ma Zhenqian , Liang Xuchao , Fu Guangsheng , Zou Yihuai , Chen Anmin , Guan Ruichong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe roadway deformation process is closely associated with the accumulation and dissipation of energy. Understanding the characteristics of energy dissipation in surrounding rock is critical to revealing the development process and the disaster mechanisms of the roof accidents in underground coal mines. This paper presents a triaxial compression experiment to analyze energy characteristics of mudstone taken from Huangyanhui Coal Mine. A numerical study is performed to study the energy distribution under different roof strengths. The results suggest that the instability of the roadway is an irreversible energy dissipation process with high nonlinearity and complexity. The roadway support principle, based on the energy balance theory, is proposed to explain the energy distribution. The safety control of roadways with thick and soft roofs should consider the following three aspects: (a) optimize the layout of the roadway, avoid placing it in the stress concentration zone, and reduce the strain energy of the surrounding rock accumulation from the source; (b) improve the ability of the supporting structure to adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock and avoid the failure of the supporting structure because of excessive force; and (c) set weak structures in the surrounding rock, that dissipate part of the energy, thus reducing the load acting on the support. The results of field application monitoring show that roadway severe deformation was effectively controlled using pressure relief boreholes (PRB), and the average floor heave speed of the roadway decreased from the original 2.0 to 0.98 mm/d. Therefore, PRB provides a new approach for roadway control.