bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Adaptation in Adult Women Is Related to Loading Dose: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Troy Karen L , Mancuso Megan E , Johnson Joshua E , Wu Zheyang , Schnitzer Thomas J , Butler Tiffiny A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Although strong evidence exists that certain activities can increase bone density and structure in people, it is unclear what specific mechanical factors govern the response. This is important because understanding the effect of mechanical signals on bone could contribute to more effective osteoporosis prevention methods and efficient clinical trial design. The degree to which strain rate and magnitude govern bone adaptation in humans has never been prospectively tested. Here, we studied the effects of a voluntary upper extremity compressive loading task in healthy adult women during a 12-month prospective period. A total of 102 women age 21 to 40 years participated in one of two experiments: (i) low (n = 21) and high (n = 24) strain magnitude; or (ii) low (n = 21) and high (n = 20) strain rate. Control (n = 16) no intervention. Strains were assigned using subject-specific finite element models. Load cycles were recorded digitally. The primary outcome was change in ultradistal radius integral bone mineral content (iBMC), assessed with QCT. Interim time points and secondary outcomes were assessed with high resolution pQCT (HRpQCT) at the distal radius. Sixty-six participants completed the intervention, and interim data were analyzed for 77 participants. Likely related to improved compliance and higher received loading dose, both the low-strain rate and high-strain rate groups had significant 12-month increases to ultradistal iBMC (change in control: −1.3 ± 2.7%, low strain rate: 2.7 ± 2.1%, high strain rate: 3.4 ± 2.2%), total iBMC, and other measures. “Loading dose” was positively related to 12-month change in ultradistal iBMC, and interim changes to total BMD, cortical thickness, and inner trabecular BMD. Participants who gained the most bone completed, on average, 128 loading bouts of (mean strain) 575 με at 1878 με/s. We conclude that signals related to strain magnitude, rate, and number of loading bouts contribute to bone adaptation in healthy adult women, but only explain a small amount of variance in bone changes. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
IL-1β Drives Production of FGF-23 at the Onset of Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice
Authors: McKnight Quiana , Jenkins Sarah , Li Xiuqi , Nelson Tracy , Marlier Arnaud , Cantley Lloyd G , Finberg Karin E , Fretz Jackie A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
FGF-23 has arisen as an early biomarker of renal dysfunction, but at the onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD), data suggest that FGF-23 may be produced independently of the parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 signaling axis. Iron status is inversely correlated to the level of circulating FGF-23, and improvement in iron bioavailability within patients correlates with a decrease in FGF-23. Alternately, recent evidence also supports a regulatory role of inflammatory cytokines in the modulation of FGF-23 expression. To determine the identity of the signal from the kidney-inducing upregulation of osteocytic FGF-23 at the onset of CKD, we utilized a mouse model of congenital CKD that fails to properly mature the glomerular capillary tuft. We profiled the sequential presentation of indicators of renal dysfunction, phosphate imbalance, and iron bioavailability and transport to identify the events that initiate osteocytic production of FGF-23 during the onset of CKD. We report here that elevations in circulating intact-FGF-23 coincide with the earliest indicators of renal dysfunction (P14), and precede changes in serum phosphate or iron homeostasis. Serum PTH was also not changed within the first month. Instead, production of the inflammatory protein IL-1β from the kidney and systemic elevation of it in the circulation matched the induction of FGF-23. IL-1β's ability to induce FGF-23 was confirmed on bone chips in culture and within mice in vivo. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody to IL-1β blocked FGF-23 expression in both our congenital model of CKD and a second nephrotoxic serum-mediated model. We conclude that early CKD resembles a situation of primary FGF-23 excess mediated by inflammation. These findings do not preclude that altered mineral availability or anemia can later modulate FGF-23 levels but find that in early CKD they are not the driving stimulus for the initial upregulation of FGF-23. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
To determine the identity of the renal signal-inducing osteocytic FGF-23 at the onset of CKD, we utilized a mouse CKD model and profiled presentation of indicators of renal dysfunction, phosphate imbalance, inflammation, and iron bioavailability. Production of IL-1β from the kidney and systemic elevation of it in the circulation matched the induction of FGF-23. This was confirmed in culture, and in vivo, as well as with neutralizing antibody in two CKD models.
A simple formula to correct for the effects of storage time and temperature on the insulin concentration
Authors: Zeng Xiaoli , Chen Qi , Gong Guozhong , Yuan Fangyuan , Wang Ting , Zhang Guoyuan , Li Xiaoping , Wang Dongsheng , Wang Qiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the influence of storage time and temperature on plasma insulin levels and to establish a correction formula.MethodsVenous blood samples were taken from 20 volunteers and processed as follows: whole blood samples, centrifuged samples, and separated plasma samples were stored at 4°C or 25°C. Insulin levels were determined by direct chemiluminescence at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours. According to the correlation between the insulin concentration ratio and storage time, correction formulas for the insulin concentration were established. To verify the test, the venous blood samples of another 33 volunteers were processed in the same way. The insulin levels of the samples were corrected after 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours and compared with the value at 0 hours to verify the feasibility of the corrected formula.ResultsWith the prolongation of storage time, the insulin levels of the whole blood samples at 4°C or 25°C and of the centrifuged samples at 25°C decreased gradually (P < .001), and the insulin level correction formulas were Ccorrection = Cdetermination/0.991e−0.069x, Ccorrection = Cdetermination/1.048e−0.126x, and Ccorrection = Cdetermination/[−0.068ln(x) + 0.9242]. There was no significant difference between the corrected insulin results and the original results at any time within 12 hours (P > .05).ConclusionsThe insulin levels of the whole blood samples at 4°C or 25°C and of the plasma samples at 25°C gradually decreased with storage time. The effect of storage time on the insulin level can be reduced with the correction formulas.
Comparison and evaluation of Abbott chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and ChIVD light‐initiated chemiluminescent assay in the detection of Treponema pallidum antibody
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Yang Ruifeng , Liang Yongming , Yuan Teng , Zhou Jiansuo , Wang Tiancheng , Cui Liyan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundLaboratory tests play an important role in the diagnosis of syphilis. This study aimed to compare and assess the performance of the Abbott chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and the ChIVD light‐initiated chemiluminescent assay (LICA) in the detection of Treponema pallidum (TP) antibody.MethodsA total of 10 498 serum samples were detected with two assays, and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) methods were used for confirmation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA were calculated. The coincidence rate between two assays was also evaluated. The causes of false positive and false negative of two assays were studied.ResultsFor the Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA, the sensitivity was 94.44% and 98.15%, the specificity was 99.89% and 99.81%, the positive predictive value was 93.29% and 88.83%, and the negative predictive value was 99.91% and 99.97%, respectively. The coincidence rate between Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA was 99.26%, and κ value was .790. The disease of infertility, hypertensive disease, liver disease, and cancer were the common causes of false positive in both assays, while infertility was also the main reason lead to false negative.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that the Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA generally had high sensitivity and specificity and therefore may be suitable for the detection of TP antibody and screening for syphilis.
Prediction of pancreatic atrophy after steroid therapy using equilibrium‐phase contrast computed tomography imaging in autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Yamada Yasutaka , Masuda Atsuhiro , Sofue Keitaro , Ueshima Eisuke , Shiomi Hideyuki , Sakai Arata , Kobayashi Takashi , Ikegawa Takuya , Tanaka Shunta , Nakano Ryota , Tanaka Takeshi , Kakihara Maya , Ashina Shigeto , Tsujimae Masahiro , Yamakawa Kohei , Abe Shohei , Gonda Masanori , Masuda Shigeto , Inomata Noriko , Kutsumi Hiromu , Itoh Tomoo , Murakami Takamichi , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsImaging tools for predicting pancreatic atrophy after steroid therapy in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) have not been established. As delayed equilibrium‐phase contrast enhancement in computed tomography (CE‐CT) may reflect interstitial fibrosis, we evaluated the ability of equilibrium‐phase CT imaging for predicting pancreatic atrophy.MethodsForty‐six steroid‐treated AIP patients who underwent contrast‐enhanced CT at our university hospital were included in this retrospective study. CT attenuation (Hounsfield units [HU]) values in noncontrast images (NC) and equilibrium‐phase images (EP) and the differences in HU values between NC and EP images (SUB) were measured. Pancreatic volume was measured in CE‐CT before (Volpre) and after (Volpost) steroid therapy. The volume reduction rate was calculated. The relationships of CT values with pancreatic atrophy, Volpost, volume reduction rate, and diabetes exacerbation were investigated.ResultsCT values in the EP and SUB images before steroid therapy were associated with pancreatic atrophy after steroid therapy (atrophy vs nonatrophy 114.5 ± 12.8 vs 99.5 ± 11.1, P = 0.0002; 70.9 ± 14.72 vs 57.2 ± 13.1, P = 0.003, respectively), but CT values in NC images were not (P = 0.42). CT values in EP and SUB images before steroid therapy were correlated with Volpost (EP images r = −0.70, P = 0.002; SUB images r = −0.68, P = 0.03) and volume reduction rate after steroid therapy (EP images: r = −0.55, P < 0.0001; SUB images r = −0.45, P = 0.002). Diabetes exacerbation was associated with higher EP and SUB values (P = 0.009 and P = 0.04, respectively).ConclusionEquilibrium‐phase contrast CT imaging may facilitate prediction of pancreatic atrophy after steroid therapy in AIP.
The excretion rate and stability of HAAg in human fecal samples after live attenuated hepatitis A vaccination
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Pan Yue , Chen Junying , Luo Jia , Xi Juemin , Ye Chao , Zhao Yujiao , Qiu Lijuan , Weng Songjiao , Hong Shan , Lin Yao , Sun Qiangming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe live attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine (HA‐L) is in routine use in the Chinese national immunization program (NIP). The major disadvantages of HA‐L include that theoretically, it may be possible for mutation shifts and secondary infections of the live vaccine viral strain. The aim of this study was to explore variation in the viral strain after vaccination with the HA‐L. A total of 1297 fecal samples (including 470 for the 18 to 36‐month‐old age group, 527 for the 3 to 16‐year‐old group, and 300 for the 16 years and older group) were collected in the study, and the rate of hepatitis A virus (HAV) positivity in fecal samples was 11.36% (31/273), 11.44% (31/271), 9.70% (26/268), 8.47% (21/248), and 9.70% (23/237) on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28, respectively. A total of 77 HAV positive samples were randomly selected for VP1/2A (360 bp, 2218‐2577) gene analysis. Phylogenetic trees were then constructed by the neighbor‐joining method. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the isolated HAV strains belonged to sub‐genotype IB, which was the same as the vaccine strain. Compared with the vaccine strain, HM‐175/7MK‐5 (M16632.1), there were only two base mutations discovered, at 2291 and 2568. However, the amino acid mutation analysis showed that those base mutations were synonymous mutations. The isolated HAV strains were genetically stable. This study provides a reference for the safety concern regarding the routine and wide‐range use in people older than 18 months.
Saudi Arabia's summer surface air temperature and its association with circulation patterns
Authors: Almazroui Mansour , Hasanean Hosny M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe summer season (June–July–August) surface air temperatures (SATs) over Saudi Arabia and its association with the atmospheric circulation cells were identified and analysed using the NCEP‐NCAR reanalyses and the NOAA extended reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) datasets from 1948 to 2016. The pressure vertical velocity and divergent wind were utilized to determine the atmospheric circulation cells such as Hadley, Walker, and Ferrel cells. Possible mechanisms associated with changes in Saudi Arabia summer SAT were investigated, with particular focus on the uppermost and lowermost summers. Changes in SAT are mainly linked to the significant changes in the meridional and zonal atmospheric circulations. Partial correlations between SAT and atmospheric circulation showed that the effect of the Hadley and Walker circulations on the SAT was significant. There is no obvious connection between either the Hadley East Pacific circulation or the Ferrel circulation and SAT. Moreover, there is no dependency between summer SAT and the Atlantic Hadley and Atlantic Walker circulations, which could be detected in the summer season. The Hadley circulation may affect the Indian monsoon depression, whereas the Walker circulation has less effect. Also, a strong relationship between the Indian‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) and both the Hadley and Walker circulations were found. Simultaneously, IPWP SST influenced Indian monsoon depression. Therefore, the Hadley circulation, Walker circulation, and IPWP all play key roles in the displacement and intensity of the Indian monsoon, which in turn strongly influences SAT variability over Saudi Arabia during summertime.
Oceanic forcing of the global warming slowdown in multi‐model simulations
Authors: Xu Xinping , He Shengping , Furevik Tore , Gao Yongqi , Wang Huijun , Li Fei , Ogawa Fumiaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConcurrent with the slowdown of global warming during 2002–2013, the wintertime land surface air temperatures over Eurasia, North America, Africa, Australia, South America, and Greenland experienced notable cooling trends. The oceanic effects on the continental cooling trends are here investigated using two sets of uncoupled experiments with six different climate models. Daily and annually varying sea ice is prescribed for both sets of experiments, while daily and annually varying SST is used in the first set (EXP1) and daily and annually repeating climatological mean SST in the second set (EXP2). All six models capture the slowdown of global‐mean land surface air temperature during 2002–2013 winters in EXP1 only. The slowdown concurs with a negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), indicating that PDO plays an important role in modulating the global warming signal. Not all ensemble members capture the cooling trends over the continents, suggesting additional contribution from internal atmospheric variability.
Sarcopenia is associated with worse overall survival in patients with anal squamous cell cancer
Authors: Bingmer Katherine , Kondray Victor , Ofshteyn Asya , Bliggenstorfer Jonathan T. , Dietz David W. , Charles Ronald , Stein Sharon L. , Paspulati Raj , Steinhagen Emily 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSarcopenia is associated with poor long‐term outcomes in many gastrointestinal cancers, but its role in anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is not defined. We hypothesized that patients with sarcopenic ASCC experience worse long‐term outcomes.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with ASCC treated at an academic medical center from 2006 to 2017 was performed. Of 104 patients with ASCC, 64 underwent PET/computed tomography before chemoradiation and were included in the analysis. The skeletal muscle index was calculated as total L3 skeletal muscle divided by height squared. Sarcopenia thresholds were 52.4 cm2/m2 for men and 38.5 cm2/m2 for women. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess overall and progression‐free survival.ResultsTwenty‐five percent of the patients were sarcopenic (n = 16). Demographics were similar between groups. There was no difference in the clinical stage or comorbidities between groups. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with worse overall survival were male gender (hazard ratio [HR] 3.7, P = .022) and sarcopenia (HR 3.6, P = .019). Male gender was associated with worse progression‐free survival (HR 2.6, P = .016).ConclusionsSarcopenia is associated with worse overall survival in patients with anal cancer. Further studies are indicated to determine if survival can be improved with increased attention to nutritional status in sarcopenic patients.
Strategies for determining the bioactive ingredients of honey‐processed Astragalus by serum pharmacochemistry integrated with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Huang Jing , Rui Wen , Wu Jiacai , Ye Mingzhu , Huang Li , Chen Hongyuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHoney‐processed Astragalus is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has a better effect on reinforcing “Qi” (vital energy) than the raw one. A comparative study of metabolites analysis between them in rat serum for finding the bioactive ingredients was carried out using serum pharmacochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis. The blood collection methods and time were optimized first. Then the prototypes and metabolites in serum samples after oral administration were investigated by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry integrated with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The contents of metabolites were also analyzed to evaluate the metabolic profile differences. As a result, nine prototypes and 36 metabolites were identified. Only two prototypes and 15 metabolites were different between raw and honey‐processed Astragalus. Their biotransformation reactions contained the process of oxidation, demethylation, and hydrolysis in phase I and glucuronide conjugation or sulfate conjugation in phase II. Most of the detected metabolites were transformed from isoflavones and isoflavanes. Our results expand the knowledge about the influence of honey‐processing on Astragalus and suggest the different curative effects between raw and honey‐processed Astragalus might due to their therapeutic material discrepancy.
Diel variations in cell division and biomass production of Emiliania huxleyi—Consequences for the calculation of physiological cell parameters
Authors: Kottmeier Dorothee M. , Terbrüggen Anja , Wolf‐Gladrow Dieter A. , Thoms Silke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCell division of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and other phytoplankton typically becomes entrained to diel light/dark cycles under laboratory conditions, with division occurring primarily during dark phases and production occurring during light phases. Under these conditions, increases in cell and biomass concentrations deviate from exponential functions on time scales < 24 h. These deviations lead to significant diel variations in common measurements of phytoplankton physiology such as cellular quotas of particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC, PIC) and their production rates. Being time‐dependent, only the temporal mean of the various values during the day are comparable between experiments. Deviations from exponential growth furthermore imply that increases in cell and biomass concentrations cannot be expressed by the daily growth rate
μ24 h (typically determined from daily increments in cell concentrations). Consequently, conventional calculations of production as the product of a cellular quota (e.g., POC quota) and
μ24 h are mathematically incorrect. To account for this, we here describe short‐term changes in cell and biomass concentrations of fast‐dividing, dilute‐batch cultures of E. huxleyi grown under a diel light/dark cycle using linear regression. Based on the derived models, we present calculations for daily means of cellular quotas and production rates. Conventional (time‐specific) measurements of cellular quotas and production differ from daily means by up to 65% in our example and, under some circumstances, cause false “effects” of treatments. Intending to reduce errors in ecophysiological studies, we recommend determining daily means—mathematically or by adjusting the experimental setup or sampling times appropriately.
Synthesis of Polyethylene‐Grafted Phosphite Antioxidant and Its Antioxidant Behavior in Polypropylene
Authors: Zhang Yin , Li Huayi , Luo Zhi , Li Mengru , Liu Tingting , Liu Weiwei , Li Qian , Hu Youliang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel macromolecular auxiliary antioxidant with polyethylene (PE) as polymer skeleton and phosphites as side groups is prepared based on commercial ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers and its potential as polyolefin stabilizers is studied in depth. The synthesis approach of this PE‐grafted antioxidant consists of a typical EVA hydrolysis reaction and a two‐step nucleophilic substitution reaction of PCl3, 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol, and the hydrolysis product. Results of the thermogravimetric analysis show that the macromolecular structures endow the as‐synthesized antioxidant with much better thermal stability than that of the commercial antioxidant 168. In addition, antioxidant behaviors of the PE‐grafted antioxidants in polypropylene (PP) matrix are investigated in detail through characterization of the melt flow index of multiple‐extruded stabilized PP as well as the short‐term oxidation induction time test and the long‐term thermo‐oxidative aging test. Results show that even with extremely low content of the effective antioxidant groups, the as‐synthesized macromolecular antioxidant still has excellent antioxygenic properties.
Glycopolymer Code: Programming Synthetic Macromolecules for Biological Targeting
Authors: Yilmaz Gokhan , Becer Caglar Remzi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTargeting in a cellular level is still one of the major challenges in biomedical treatments. However, new synthetic and analytical techniques now allow the development of precisely prepared macromolecules. Thus, glycopolymer chains are reported to be prepared with controlled length, monomer sequences, as well as chain‐folded structures. A high level of complexity in synthetic macromolecules also allows increased selectivity in targeting, which is a key factor in biomedical applications.