bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Whiteness” and natural resource management: let's talk about race baby, let's talk about sovereignty!
Authors: Searle Tania , Muller Samantha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIssues of race and sovereignty are embedded in every cross‐cultural collaboration in natural resource management (NRM). This article aims to bring these issues to the forefront by incorporating the term whiteness. Whiteness enables a critique of the privileging of Western sovereignty and the so‐called objective and universal value of Western science. By reversing the gaze away from the colonised Other and onto systems descended from colonial authority and its inheritors, whiteness identifies how race privilege works. A critical whiteness lens provides an analytical and practical tool for decolonising NRM. We provide a case study of the South Australian Department of Environment and Water to consider how NRM professionals reproduce and deconstruct whiteness in nuanced ways, where (a) participants are defeated by Western sovereignty when whiteness is seen as normal or as the only way; (b) the privilege of Western sovereignty begins to be unsettled; and (c) the gaze is reversed. Thus,Western sovereignty is problematized, and solutions to persistent problems are found in collaboration. We argue that reversing the gaze is a process that opens spaces to co‐develop context specific solutions with Indigenous nations that decolonise cross‐cultural engagement in NRM and respect Indigenous sovereignty.
Contextual characteristics of adults’ drinking occasions and their association with levels of alcohol consumption and acute alcohol‐related harm: a mapping review
Authors: Stevely Abigail K. , Holmes John , Meier Petra S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThere is a growing literature using event‐level methods to estimate associations between contextual characteristics of drinking occasions, consumption levels and acute harms. This literature spans many research traditions and has not been brought together as a whole. This mapping review aimed to identify and describe the theoretical approaches to conceptualizing drinking occasions, study designs, predictors and outcome measures used in existing research with a view to identifying dominant approaches, research gaps and areas for further synthesis.MethodsEligible papers studied adults’ drinking occasions using quantitative event‐level methods and considered one or more contextual characteristics (e.g. venue, timing or company) and at least one event‐level consumption or acute alcohol‐related harm outcome. We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, PsycInfo and the Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index, extracting data on studies’ theoretical approach, data collection methods, settings, populations, drinking occasion characteristics and outcome measures.ResultsSearches identified 278 eligible papers (from 1975 to 2019), predominantly published after 2010 (n = 181; 65.1%). Most papers reported research conducted in the United States (n = 170; 61.2%) and half used student participants (n = 133; 47.8%). Papers typically lacked a stated theoretical approach (n = 203; 73.0%). Consistent with this, only 53 (19.1%) papers studied three or more occasion characteristics and most used methods that assume occasion characteristics do not change during an occasion (n = 189; 68.0%). The most common outcome type considered was consumption (n = 224; 80.6%) and only a few papers studied specific acute harm outcomes such as unprotected sex (n = 24; 8.6%), drink driving (n = 14; 5.0%) or sexual violence (n = 9; 3.2%).ConclusionsStudies from 1975 to 2019 using event‐level methods to estimate associations between contextual characteristics of drinking occasions, consumption levels and acute harms were largely focused on students and consumption outcomes, and most have considered a limited range of contextual characteristics.
Physical and behavioural factors, negative emotion and cognitive function among near‐centenarians and centenarians in China
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Xu Yi , Si Guanglin , Ran Li , Xie Yaofei , Yang Jinru , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association among demographic, physical, behavioural parameters, psychosocial and cognitive function in near‐centenarians and centenarians.MethodsThe present study data originated from the 2014 wave of the largest nationwide longitudinal survey of the population aged 95 and above in China (N = 175). The aim of this study was to systematically identify the relationship among physical and behavioural variables, negative emotions and cognitive function. Cognitive function was evaluated by the modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (mMMSE) Chinese version. Structured responses were obtained for the analysis of physical and behavioural factors and negative emotions.ResultsThe average age of the sample was 98.78 years (SD = 4.00, range: 95‐112 years). The average score of the mMMSE was 20.71 (SD = 3.48), average activities of daily living (ADL) total score was 17.21 (SD = 1.72), average instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) total score was 17.90 (SD = 5.57), and average negative emotion score was 8.77 (SD = 2.69). In the combined multiple linear regression model, the quality of sleep, IADL and negative emotion of centenarians were significantly associated with cognitive function (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe cognitive function of centenarians was significantly associated with the quality of sleep, IADL and negative emotion. Improving physical functioning and social resources can help emotional health and improve the overall cognition of centenarians.
Redox status assessment in infertile patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A prospective study
Authors: Cito Gianmartin , Becatti Matteo , Natali Alessandro , Fucci Rossella , Picone Rita , Cocci Andrea , Falcone Patrizia , Criscuoli Luciana , Mannucci Amanda , Argento Flavia R. , Bertocci Francesco , Serni Sergio , Carini Marco , Fiorillo Claudia , Coccia Maria E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress (OS) is one of the most prevalent causes of sperm damage, through the toxic effects of endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals. Peripheral leukocytes represent a feasible model for studying the pathophysiology of OS‐mediated homeostasis, which can be responsible for cell dysfunction and cell injury.ObjectiveTo evaluate the redox status in patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA), establishing the potential role exerted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the genesis of testicular secretory injury.Material and methodsFrom May 2018 to March 2019, 39 patients were enrolled in this prospective single‐center cohort study and divided into two groups. Group 1 included 19 patients with NOA, and Group 2 included 20 normozoospermic men, partners of women with infertility tubal factor. All patients underwent serum blood tests. NOA underwent testicular sperm extraction (TeSE). ROS production (in lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes) was assessed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Plasma oxidative stress was evaluated by lipid peroxidation markers (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) both assessed by fluorometric techniques.ResultsMean lymphocyte ROS production resulted 967.0 ± 224.5 vs 728.0 ± 98.0 (NOA vs Controls, P < .001), monocyte ROS resulted 2102.5 ± 517.5 vs 1253 ± 171 (P < .001), and granulocyte ROS were 2366.5 ± 595.4 vs 1751.0 ± 213.0 (P < .001). Significant increases plasma lipid peroxidation markers were found in NOA patients compared with controls (2.7 ± 0.8 vs 0.37 ± 0.2 nmol/mL, P < .001). Significant decreased TAC was evident in NOA compared with controls (13.4 ± 3.9 vs 3.0 ± 0.2 µmol/mL Trolox equivalents, P < .001). No significant differences were found in blood leukocyte subpopulations ROS production, plasma lipid peroxidation, and TAC comparing groups (positive vs negative sperm retrieval, P > .05).ConclusionROS production can be directly related to disorders of spermatogenesis, leading to severe conditions of male infertility, including azoospermia.
Influence of cataract light scatters on retinal vessel oxygen saturation
Authors: della Volpe Waizel Maria , Türksever Cengiz , Todorova Margarita G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our study was to compare metabolic (oxygen saturation; %) and anatomical parameters (retinal vessel diameter; μm) of retinal vessel oximetry (RO) in patients with cataract formation against those of healthy controls with clear lenses.MethodsA total of 96 eyes of 62 subjects were examined: 51 eyes from 33 cataract patients (mean age: 64.8y) were compared to 45 eyes from 29 controls with clear lenses (mean age: 61.5y). RO was performed with the oxygen saturation measurement tool from the RVA (IMEDOS Systems UG). The oxygen saturation in all major peripapillary retinal arterioles (A‐SO2) and venules (V‐SO2) was measured, and their difference (A‐V SO2) was calculated. In addition, the corresponding diameter in retinal arterioles (D‐A) and venules (D‐V) was evaluated. Cataract formation was graded according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Oximetry data were compared with the grade of cataract formation within both groups. For statistical evaluation, anova‐based linear mixed‐effects models were calculated (spss®, pairwise comparisons: Bonferroni‐corrected; p < 0.05).ResultsCataract eyes showed significantly lower A‐SO2 and A‐V SO2 values (mean ± SD 92.52 ± 9.80% and 28.56 ± 9.80%), when compared to healthy controls (95.47 ± 4.48% and 34.8 ± 7.08%; p = 0.046 and p = 0.001). Within the cataract group, cortical opacities showed significant interactions with the A‐SO2, V‐SO2 and the A‐V SO2 parameters (p = 0.027; p = 0.002; and p = 0.026, respectively).ConclusionsThese data indicate that the cataract‐induced light scatter influences optical retinal oxygen measurements. Cortical opacities showed the highest influence on RO measurement when compared to nuclear opacification, nuclear colour and posterior cataract formation.
Ganglion cell layer thickening in well‐controlled patients with type 1 diabetes: an early sign for diabetic retinopathy?
Authors: Gerendas Bianca S. , Hatz Katja , Kaider Alexandra , Zulewski Henryk , Lehmann Roger , Montuoro Alessio , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula , Pruente Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate early changes in retinal layers using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with long‐standing type 1 diabetes (DM1) receiving intensified insulin therapy.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional case–control study 150 patients with DM1 and 150 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control participants underwent OCT imaging. Scans of both eyes were analysed for different layers (NFL, GCL (+IPL), INL, outer layer complex (OLC, including OPL, ONL and ELM) and photoreceptors (PR)) in all subfields of an ETDRS grid. All analyses were performed semi‐automatically using custom software by certified graders of the Vienna Reading Center. ANOVA models were used to compare the mean thickness of the layers between patients and controls.ResultsSix hundred eyes with 512 datapoints in 49 b‐scans in each OCT were analysed. Mean thickness in patients/controls was 31.35 μm/30.65 μm (NFL, p = 0.0347), 76.7 μm/73.15 μm (GCL, p ≤ 0.0001), 36.29 μm/37.13 μm (INL, p = 0.0116), 114.34 μm/112.02 μm (OLC, p < 0.0001) and 44.71 μm/44.69 μm (PR, p = 0.9401). When evaluating the ETDRS subfields separately for clinically meaningful hypotheses, a significant swelling of the GCL in patients could be found uniformly and a central swelling for the OLC, whereas the distribution of NFL and INL thickening suggests that their statistical significance was not clinically relevant.ConclusionThese preliminary results demonstrate that preclinical retinal changes in patients with long‐standing DM1 can be found by retinal layer evaluation. However, the changes are layer‐specific, with significant thickening of the GCL and less so of the OLC suggesting a role as an early sign for diffuse swelling and the evolution of DME even in well‐controlled diabetes.
Standard cross‐linking protocol versus accelerated and transepithelial cross‐linking protocols for treatment of paediatric keratoconus: a 2‐year comparative study
Authors: Iqbal Mohammed , Elmassry Ahmed , Saad Hisham , AM Gad Ahmed , Ibrahim Ola , Hamed Noha , Saeed Ahmed , S. Khalil Ahmad , Tawfik Mohamed , Said Amr , Amer Ibrahim , Nooreldin Asaad , Said Omar , Reffat Mohamed , Anwar Seif , Badawi Amani 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the efficacy, safety and stability of standard epithelium‐off cross‐linking (SCXL) versus accelerated epithelium‐off cross‐linking (ACXL) and transepithelial epithelium‐on cross‐linking (TCXL) in the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC) in children.MethodsThis prospective multicentre controlled trial included 271 eyes (136 children) with grade 1–3 progressive KC who were randomized to undergo SCXL (n = 91, as a control group), ACXL (n = 92) or TCXL (n = 88). Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, subjective refraction, pachymetry, keratometry and corneal topography measurements were recorded preoperatively and 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively.ResultsAt 1 year, there was no significant difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity, refractive sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent or Kmax between the ACXL and SCXL groups; however, during year 2, ACXL regressed while SCXL continued to improve. After 2 years, there were significant differences in all visual, refractive and keratometric components between SCXL and both ACXL and TCXL (p < 0.0001) and between ACXL and TCXL (p < 0.0001). KC progressed in 5.4% of patients who had ACXL and 28.4% of those who had TCXL but in none of those who had SCXL. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis was documented in 43.3% of eyes that progressed postoperatively.ConclusionSCXL was more effective for paediatric KC and achieved greater stability than either ACXL or TCXL, and ACXL was superior to TCXL. SCXL also achieved marked improvement in both myopia and spherical equivalent; however, these refractive outcomes were unpredictable and uncontrollable. TCXL had a 28.4% failure rate within 2 years. SCXL is preferable for management of paediatric KC.
Short‐time effect of intravitreal injections on retinal vascular oxygenation and vessel diameter in patients with diabetic macular oedema or neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Mitsch Christoph , Pemp Berthold , Pollreisz Andreas , Gleiss Andreas , Karst Sonja , Scholda Christoph , Sacu Stefan , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the short‐time effect of intravitreal injections (IVI) of the vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors ranibizumab and aflibercept on retinal arterial and venous oxygen saturation (SO2a and SO2v), arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference (AVD) and vessel diameter (VDa and VDv) in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME) and patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to age‐related macular degeneration.MethodsUncontrolled prospective observational study in 100 eyes. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and diameters were assessed using a retinal oximeter before and minutes after IVI of ranibizumab or aflibercept.Results40 eyes with CNV and 34 eyes with DME were included in the analysis. At baseline, SO2a and SO2v were significantly higher in DME (p = 0.043 and p = 0.009, respectively). After IVI, SO2a significantly decreased in CNV and DME eyes by 2.6% (p = 0.016) and 4.6% (p = 0.002) and SO2v decreased by 14.0% (p = 0.004) and 12.4% (p = 0.017), respectively. However, a significant increase in AVD was only found in CNV (15.7%, p = 0.001). VDa decreased significantly only in DME by 5.7% (p = 0.010). No medication‐specific disease effect was found and vice versa.ConclusionsThe observed changes can be interpreted as signs of increased metabolic demand during the physiological stress after an IVI. The abnormal arterial constriction and the abolished increase in AVD seen only in eyes with DME indicate an impairment of vascular autoregulation and oxygen distribution and a reduced neuroretinal metabolism in the diabetic retina with a significant impact on inner retinal oxygen consumption shortly after IVI.
Risk of falls and injuries requiring hospitalisation after first‐eye cataract surgery in elderly Australians
Authors: Gadzhanova Svetla , Gillam Marianne , Roughead Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of the type of the intraocular lenses (IOLs) in first‐eye cataract surgery in elderly people on the risk of hospitalisation due to falls and injuries.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Australian Government Department Veterans’ Affairs claims data. All people aged 65 years and above who had first cataract surgery between January 2007 and July 2017 were identified. Two cohorts were established depending on the type of IOL—monofocal and multifocal. The risk of injuries and falls requiring hospitalisation in the first 3 months post the surgery was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models with age at entry as primary time scale and adjusting for gender, comorbidities and prior history of falls.ResultsThere were 45 728 people across the two cohorts with the majority receiving monofocal lenses (97%), followed by multifocal lenses (3%) at the time of first cataract surgery. The risk of injury and falls was lower (but not significant) in the multifocal cohort compared to monofocal cohort (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.56, 95% CI 0.26–1.17). The risk was also lower (but not significant) when stratifying by age group at the time of the surgery.ConclusionsRegardless of age, multifocal lenses did not appear to be associated with the higher risk of serious injuries and falls after first‐eye cataract surgery compared to monofocal lenses.
Prevalence of Charles Bonnet syndrome in patients with age‐related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Niazi Siar , Krogh Nielsen Marie , Singh Amardeep , Sørensen Torben Lykke , Subhi Yousif 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual impairment in the developed world. A number of patients experience complex lifelike visual experiences—Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS). In this systematic review, our aim was to provide an overview of the CBS literature in relation to AMD, to determine the prevalence of CBS in patients with AMD and to provide an overview of associated demographical and clinical aspects. We searched the literature databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central, and PsycINFO on 22 March 2019 for studies evaluating the prevalence of CBS in patients with AMD. Two independent authors extracted the data and evaluated risk of bias. Studies were reviewed qualitatively in the text and quantitatively in a meta‐analysis including subgroup analyses for differences between demographic and clinical factors. We identified 18 studies with data on >4303 patients with AMD. We found an overall prevalence of CBS of 15.8% (95% confidence interval: 11.0%–21.2%). When looking at consecutively recruited patients with neovascular AMD from the clinic, prevalence of CBS was 7.2% (95% confidence interval: 4.3%–10.6%). Among visitors to visual rehabilitation centres, prevalence of CBS was 31.6% (95% confidence interval: 21.7%–42.3%). Taken together, we find that CBS is rather common in patients with AMD.
Reported proton pump inhibitor side effects: what are physician and patient perspectives and behaviour patterns?
Authors: Ghosh Gaurav , Schnoll‐Sussman Felice , Mathews Steven , Katz Philip O. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPI) are among the most commonly prescribed medications and studies are reporting potentially harmful PPI‐related adverse events. While these studies’ findings are controversial, their impact on patients and physicians remains unknown.AimTo determine patient and physician awareness of PPI‐related adverse events, source of information, and subsequent effect on patient behaviour and physician practice.MethodsA 20‐item questionnaire was administered to English speaking adult patients and physicians in primary care and specialty clinics about topics including knowledge of PPI‐related adverse events, change in behaviour of patients on PPIs and physician management of patients on PPIs.ResultsOf 277 patients surveyed, 45% reported knowledge of side effects related to PPIs. Patients were more likely to hear about PPI side effects from non‐physician sources (66%) than physicians (38%). Of patients who had heard about PPI side effects, bone fractures and osteoporosis were the most common concerns, 42% and 44% respectively. Of PPI users, 38% changed their behaviour based upon concerns about PPI‐related adverse events. Change in patient behaviour due to concern about PPI side effects was associated with age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR] 4.07 [1.19‐13.94]; P = 0.03) and concern about long‐term side effects (OR 2.31 [1.03‐5.17]; P = 0.04). Of 83 physicians surveyed, 60% reported concern about PPI‐related adverse events, with bone fractures (46%) and osteoporosis (49%) being the most frequently reported. Overall, 37% of physicians reported changing their practice based upon their concerns.ConclusionsNearly half of patients reported knowledge of PPI‐related adverse events, most often from non‐physician sources, and general concern regarding their impact. PPI users are changing their behaviour based upon these concerns, without physician input, and care providers are changing behaviour based on relatively weak evidence.
Inference in MCMC step selection models
Authors: Michelot Théo , Blackwell Paul G. , Chamaillé‐Jammes Simon , Matthiopoulos Jason 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHabitat selection models are used in ecology to link the spatial distribution of animals to environmental covariates and identify preferred habitats. The most widely used models of this type, resource selection functions, aim to capture the steady‐state distribution of space use of the animal, but they assume independence between the observed locations of an animal. This is unrealistic when location data display temporal autocorrelation. The alternative approach of step selection functions embed habitat selection in a model of animal movement, to account for the autocorrelation. However, inferences from step selection functions depend on the underlying movement model, and they do not readily predict steady‐state space use. We suggest an analogy between parameter updates and target distributions in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, and step selection and steady‐state distributions in movement ecology, leading to a step selection model with an explicit steady‐state distribution. In this framework, we explain how maximum likelihood estimation can be used for simultaneous inference about movement and habitat selection. We describe the local Gibbs sampler, a novel rejection‐free MCMC scheme, use it as the basis of a flexible class of animal movement models, and derive its likelihood function for several important special cases. In a simulation study, we verify that maximum likelihood estimation can recover all model parameters. We illustrate the application of the method with data from a zebra.