bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract D048: Social support, quality of life and mental health factors affecting Filipino cancer survivors
Authors: Valdez-Dadia Annalyn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer survivorship rates are increasing and the growing number of cancer survivors will present new challenges to the health care system with regards to follow-up care and long-term health care needs. More specifically, cancer survivors are dealing with the physical and mental health consequences of cancer long after treatments are completed, and many of the physical symptoms and side effects that evolved from such treatments have had long-lasting physical and psychological effects. Studies aimed at understanding how social support and quality of life impacts survivorship is limited and there is a paucity in research investigating factors that affect the health-related quality of life and the long-term health care needs of Filipino cancer survivors. Significance: Physical symptoms of cancer survivors can be detected and treated by health care providers, but any psychological distress experienced by these individuals are not easily identified or assessed. Depression and anxiety are common among individuals diagnosed with cancer and many survivors often report experiencing emotional distress and feelings of abandonment after intensive support during the treatment phase. Objective: This study aims to explore the cultural perceptions of mental health, identify the types of social support that impacts the psychological well-being of Filipino cancer survivors post-treatment, and explore the health-related quality of life and prevalence of psychological distress among Filipino cancer survivors. Methods: Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 Filipino cancer survivors residing in Southern California. Thematic analysis was performed to explore and identify cultural perceptions of social support, quality of life and mental health. Results: This exploratory study found that post-treatment needs of Filipino cancer survivors vary by cancer type and treatment received. Although social support (physical and functional) is available, lack of emotional support increases psychological distress and may affect their overall quality of life. Physical health problems are easily identified and readily addressed, but the mental well-being of survivors is often overlooked and rarely discussed. Discussion/Conclusion: Further investigation of post-treatment experiences of Filipino cancer survivors is needed in order to identify the services and resources that would be most beneficial in addressing the emotional support and psychological distress needs during survivorship.
Citation Format: Annalyn Valdez-Dadia. Social support, quality of life and mental health factors affecting Filipino cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D048.
Abstract D051: Targeting ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 for the treatment of quadruple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Karanam Balasubramanyam , Anchoori Ravi , Roden Richard , Yates Clayton 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Quadruple Negative Breast cancer (QNBC) is a subtype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) with loss of Androgen receptor (AR). We determined the expression of AR and its relationship to breast cancer subtypes, using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) profiles that contained racial and clinical outcomes data totaling 1061 patients. Expression of the AR protein level was confirmed in an additional multi-institutional cohort of 197 breast cancer patients, for a total of 1258 patient evaluated. Relative to White women, African American women had higher percentage (81%) of AR-negative tumors, and, for both races, AR-negative tumors correlated with the basal subtype, a shorter time to progression, and worse overall survival (OS) compared to White women. Currently available treatments are unable to eradicate metastatic breast cancer (TNBC and QNBC), and median survival for these patients is only 2–4 years. Improving the survival rates for metastatic disease has been the subject of intense investigation, and new agents and strategies are actively being evaluated. Targeting the UPS (Ubiquitin-proteasome system) with small molecules can an effective can cancer therapy. We have developed an orally-available proteasome inhibitor bis-benzylidine piperidone (RA190), that binds to the ubiquitin receptor RPN13/ADRM1 on the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome and directly kills cancer cells by triggering proteotoxic stress. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of ADRM1 in QNBC patients and target ADRM1 with RA190 for the treatment of QNBC., We used forest plot analysis of TCGA patient samples to determine the expression of Ubiquitin receptor ADRM1, and invitro assays to find the sensitivity of RA190 against AR-positive and AR-Negative breast cancer cells. Our results indicate that ADRM1 is significantly elevated and in QNBC breast tumors of African American patients. Our cell culture data show that, AR-positive and AR-Negative breast cancer cells have differential sensitivity in IC50 values to inhibitor RA190. Our findings will advance our knowledge of vulnerable pathways in QNBC/TNBCs optimal control and reveal if this mechanism is more likely to occur in African American patients.
Citation Format: Balasubramanyam Karanam, Ravi Anchoori, Richard Roden, Clayton Yates. Targeting ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 for the treatment of quadruple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D051.
Abstract D062: Mechanistic insights into phase 1b/2 study of chitosan for pharmacologic manipulation of AGE (advanced glycation endproducts) levels in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Brown Shanora G , Sutton Brandon , Biotidara Taiwo , Turner Dave , Wilson Robert , Lilly Michael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lifestyle choices have long been known to have a major role in the development or prevention of cancer. Diet, chronic stress, smoking, poverty, physical activity, and socioeconomic variables are recognized as significant factors in prevention of cancer. Increasingly, these behaviors are studied as variables that affect cancer survivorship and response to treatment as well. One general mechanism through which diet could affect cancer growth is through promoting or inhibiting the accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are reactive metabolites produced as by-products of sugar metabolism and oxidative stress. Furthermore, among PCa patients, AGE accumulation is higher in blacks with African ancestry (AAs) than in European Americans (EAs). As AGEs appear to promote cancer survival and growth, interventions to limit their accumulation may be viewed as potential cancer therapeutic agents. Chitosan, a polysaccharide obtained from shellfish or mushrooms that is thought to be poorly absorbed, directly binds AGE-modified proteins in aqueous solutions. No studies to date have demonstrated that chitosan can reduce either serum or tissue levels of AGEs in humans with AGE-related diseases. The investigators are conducting a Phase 1, assay-guided trial of chitosan in patients with prostate cancer on ADT and propose that chitosan will act as an absorbent of pre-formed AGEs, preventing their absorption from the gut and thus reducing their levels in the body. This intervention produced an 80% reduction in the plasma level of carboxymethyl lysine (CML) AGE adducts and more remarkably there was also a reduction in tissue AGE levels as determined by skin autofluorescence. These data support the idea that chitosan could be an active AGE-reducing agent that is clinically tolerable. Plasma and stool bio-fluid specimens have been collected from the four patients enrolled in the clinical trial and will be assayed. As these mechanistic studies are ongoing, the result will document any systemic effects from the chitosan intervention on inflammation, bowel permeability and microbiome diversity.
Citation Format: Shanora G Brown, Brandon Sutton, Taiwo Biotidara, Dave Turner, Robert Wilson, Michael Lilly. Mechanistic insights into phase 1b/2 study of chitosan for pharmacologic manipulation of AGE (advanced glycation endproducts) levels in prostate cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D062.
Abstract D095: Plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and breast cancer mortality: The Carolina Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Parada Humberto , Sun Xuezheng , Tse Chiu-Kit , Engel Lawrence S. , Olshan Andrew F. , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic chemicals, several of which are known carcinogens or endocrine disruptors. PCBs are hypothesized to influence the risk of developing breast cancer; however, whether PCBs influence the risk of mortality following breast cancer is poorly understood. We examined plasma levels of 17 PCB congeners in association with mortality among women who participated in the population-based Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS). Methods: Participants included 456 white and 292 black women who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer from 1993-1996, and who had PCB and lipid measurements from blood samples obtained on average 4.1 months after diagnosis. Using the National Death Index, we identified 392 deaths including 210 from breast cancer, over a median follow-up of 20.6 years. We used Cox regression to estimate covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and breast cancer-specific 5-year mortality, and 20-year mortality conditional on 5-year survival in relation to tertiles and continuous ln-transformed lipid-adjusted PCB levels. We also examined effect measure modification by race. Results: The highest (vs. lowest) tertile of PCB118 was associated with a 5-year breast cancer-specific mortality HR of 1.86 (95% CI=1.07-3.23). One-ln unit increases in PCB74, PCB99, PCB118, and total PCBs were associated with 5-year breast cancer-specific mortality HRs ranging from 1.33 (95% CI=1.02-1.74) for PCB74 to 1.40 (95% CI=1.02-1.92) for PCB118. By race, a one-ln unit increase in PCB74 was associated with a HR of 1.47 (95% CI=1.01-2.14) among black women and with a HR of 1.19 (95% CI=0.79-1.77) among white women (P-Interaction=0.05). Continuous PCB levels were associated with 20-year conditional all-cause mortality HRs ranging from 1.20 (95% CI=1.03-1.41) for a one-ln unit increase in PCB182+PCB187 to 1.37 (95% CI=1.12-1.68) for a one-ln unit increase in PCB118. PCBs were not associated with 5-year all-cause mortality or with 20-year conditional breast cancer-specific mortality. Conclusion: PCBs may increase the risk of short-term breast cancer-specific mortality as well as long-term all-cause mortality among women with breast cancer.
Citation Format: Humberto Parada, Xuezheng Sun, Chiu-Kit Tse, Lawrence S. Engel, Andrew F. Olshan, Melissa A. Troester. Plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and breast cancer mortality: The Carolina Breast Cancer Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D095.
Abstract D120: Similarities and differences between genomic profiles of prostate cancers from African American and European American men with implications for precision cancer medicine
Authors: Koga Yusuke , Song Hanbing , Chalmers Zachary , Newberg Justin , Frampton Garrett , Campbell Joshua , Huang Franklin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: African American (AA) men have the highest mortality rate from prostate cancer compared to men from other races. Differences in the spectrum of somatic genomic alterations in tumors between AA men differs from non-AA men has not been well characterized as relatively few AA men have been included in prostate cancer genomic studies. To address this, we examined 5 publicly-available and commercial genomic datasets containing AA men with prostate cancer to identify novel alterations associated with race. Methods: In a meta-analysis of 4 public datasets, we investigated the mutational frequencies of 14 genes across 252 AA men and 635 non-AA men with primary prostate cancer. We also examined genomic alterations from the tumors of 436 AA men and 3018 EA men with primary or metastatic prostate cancer using the Foundation One assay. Results: We identified mutations in ZFHX3 and focal deletions in ETV3 more frequently in tumors from AA patients. The mutational frequency of TP53 was strongly associated with increasing Gleason grade. Using the commercial assay, we identified alterations in PTEN and TMPRSS2-ERG as less frequent in AA patients compared to non-AA patients in both primary and metastatic tumors. MYC amplifications were more frequent in AA patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, we found that genomic alterations in KMT2D and CCND1 were more frequent in primary prostate tumors from AA patients, resulting in differential cell cycle genes and KMT alterations. MYC amplifications were more frequent in AA patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Genomic alterations in DNA repair genes were found at similar frequencies between EA and AA patients. Conclusion: While these results indicate that differences in mutational profiles may exist between racial groups in prostate cancers, additional sequencing studies that profile AA and EA men from the same clinical setting and that are matched for clinical covariates may be needed to confirm these findings. Overall, these results have implications for applying precision cancer medicine in AA prostate cancer patients.
Citation Format: Yusuke Koga, Hanbing Song, Zachary Chalmers, Justin Newberg, Garrett Frampton, Joshua Campbell, Franklin Huang. Similarities and differences between genomic profiles of prostate cancers from African American and European American men with implications for precision cancer medicine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D120.
Abstract IA07: Cancer survivorship among sexual minority people: Health, interventions, and next steps
Authors: Tree Jennifer M. Jabson 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the United States, approximately 1 million cancer survivors are sexual minority (cancer survivors who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual) cancer survivors. The experience of cancer survivorship is not the same for all cancer survivors, and sexual minority cancer survivors experience barriers to health and positive outcomes as compared to heterosexual cancer survivors. Inequity in mortality risk, psychological distress, insurance denial, alcohol, tobacco, and substance use, poor self-rated health, and elevated stress and discrimination contribute to the risk for and prevalence of poorer outcomes after cancer treatment during the survivorship period for sexual minority cancer survivors. In an effort to improve health and reduce risk for poor outcomes after cancer, a few behavioral interventions have been introduced and tested for this unique group of cancer survivors. In this portion of the plenary I will discuss what is known about the existing behavioral interventions designed for sexual minority cancer survivors and their preliminary outcomes. The presentation of these interventions will be organized according to primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention.
Citation Format: Jennifer M. Jabson Tree. Cancer survivorship among sexual minority people: Health, interventions, and next steps [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA07.
Abstract IA11: Cancer disparities and survivorship challenges facing young Latina women (&lt;50 years) on the U.S.-Mexico border
Authors: Palacios Rebecca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Disparities in the incidence of specific cancers are prevalent among young Latinas (i.e., &lt; 50 years). Although research focusing exclusively on Latina cancer survivors is limited, mixed-sample research suggests that Latina cancer survivors experience greater distress relative to non-Latina white (NLW) survivors, predisposing them toward poorer cancer outcomes. Young Latina survivors who are parenting school-age children may be at even higher risk of poor cancer survivorship, given research demonstrating that young NLW women experience worse physical and psychological well-being and greater illness intrusiveness compared to older NLW women (i.e., &gt;50 years). This presentation describes the cancer disparities and survivorship challenges encountered by young Latina women living along the Paso del Norte U.S.-Mexico border region.
Methodology: Cancer registries were used to identify cancer disparities in the U.S.-Mexico border counties. Elicitation and focus group interviews conducted with diagnosed child-rearing Latina mothers explored their challenges in coping with cancer while parenting school-age children. Findings from the qualitative research informed the cultural adaptation of an evidence-based program, Enhancing Connections, to help Latina cancer survivors and their children cope with cancer. A subsequent study examined the feasibility and short-term efficacy of the culturally adapted Conexiones program.
Results: Based on research conducted exclusively with Latina women along the U.S.-Mexico border, this presentation will demonstrate (1) how cancer disparities worsen as the focus shifts from the national level to the U.S.-Mexico border region, (2) the challenges in cancer survivorship along the Paso del Norte U.S.-Mexico border region, and (3) research efforts designed to improve the quality of survivorship among young Hispanic mothers diagnosed with cancer.
Citation Format: Rebecca Palacios. Cancer disparities and survivorship challenges facing young Latina women (&lt;50 years) on the U.S.-Mexico border [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA11.
Abstract IA23: Housing discrimination and cancer disparities research: How are key decisions made?
Authors: Beyer Kirsten M. M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Housing discrimination, including residential racial segregation, is of growing interest as an upstream influence on cancer disparities. However, there are a number of measures available at various spatial scales, and decisions must be made along the way when choosing how to include these constructs in empirical research. In this presentation, we will discuss how these decisions are made, including: (1) how do you choose a measure of housing discrimination? (2) how do you choose a spatial scale (e.g., metropolitan area, tract, ZIP code)? (3) how do you select a study design? (4) where do you get the data? (5) how might these choices be informed by a conceptual model? and (6) how do you interpret findings? We will draw upon the Breast Cancer, Race and Place study, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to illustrate these decisions and share recent findings from this ongoing project.
Citation Format: Kirsten M. M. Beyer. Housing discrimination and cancer disparities research: How are key decisions made? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA23.
Abstract A07: Improved prognosis of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers is associated with a suppression of TGF-β-mediated immune evasion
Authors: Bolyos Anthony , Bose Pinaki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Among head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC), human papilloma virus (HPV)-driven tumors are known to enjoy more favorable prognostic outcomes compared to non-HPV-driven disease. This is especially true of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), which is associated with significantly improved outcomes compared to HPV-positive non-OPSCC and HPV-negative HNSC. Previous reports have suggested that increased immune infiltration and expression of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) may play a role in conferring improved prognosis to HPV-positive OPSCC. However, the underlying signaling pathways specifically driven by HPV in the oropharynx have remained elusive. Here we analyzed HPV-positive OPSCC and non-OPSCC tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found that HPV-positive OPSCC is associated with significantly improved overall and disease-specific survival and progression-free interval compared to HPV-positive non-OPSCC. Among HPV-positive HNSC, we observed a distinct separation of OPSCC from non-OPSCC tumors based on unsupervised clustering of gene expression, microRNA, and methylation profiling data. Separation based on anatomic site was not observed among HPV-negative HNSC, suggesting that common biology drives the carcinogenesis of HPV-negative HNSC across subsites. In line with a recent report that ERα mRNA expression is elevated HPV-positive OPSCC, we found significantly higher ERα mRNA levels in HPV-positive OPSCC compared to HPV-positive non-OPSCC, where ERα mRNA expression mirrored that in HPV-negative HNSC. We also found that HPV induces downregulation of TGF-β signaling and extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes while upregulating a T-cell and dendritic cell-associated immune response signature in an OPSCC-specific manner. Our analyses suggest that HPV induces downregulation of TGF-β signaling and ECM components in OPSCC to improve immune access to these tumors, facilitating tumor clearance and improved patient survival. These findings are in line with our recent report establishing TGF-β-mediated immunosuppression through ECM deregulation and its negative effect on patient prognosis.
Citation Format: Anthony Bolyos, Pinaki Bose. Improved prognosis of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers is associated with a suppression of TGF-β-mediated immune evasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; 2019 Apr 29-30; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_2):Abstract nr A07.