bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of French Recommendations for the Prevention and the Treatment of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia: A Cluster-randomized Trial
Authors: Roquilly Antoine , Chanques Gérald , Lasocki Sigismond , Foucrier Arnaud , Fermier Brice , De Courson Hugues , Carrie Cedric , Danguy des Deserts Marc , Gakuba Clément , Constantin Jean-Michel , Lagarde Kevin , Holleville Mathilde , Blidi Sami , Sossou Achille , Cailliez Pauline , Monard Celine , Oudotte Adrien , Mathieu Calypso , Bourenne Jeremy , Isetta Christian , Perrigault Pierre-François , Lakhal Karim , Rouhani Armine , Asehnoune Karim , Guerci Philippe , Tran Dinh Alexy , Chousterman Benjamin , Cupaciu Alexandru , Dahyot-Fizelier Claire , Bellier Remy , Au Duong Jonathan , Mansour Alexandre , Morel Jérome , Beauplet Ghilain , Vibet Marie-Anne , Feuillet Fanny , Sébille Véronique , Leone Marc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
We determined whether an audit on the adherence to guidelines for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) can improve the outcomes of patients in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods
This study was conducted at 35 ICUs in 30 hospitals. We included consecutive, adult patients hospitalized in ICUs for 3 days or more. After a 3-month baseline period followed by the dissemination of recommendations, an audit on the compliance to recommendations (audit period) was followed by a 3-month cluster-randomized trial. We randomly assigned ICUs to either receive audit and feedback (intervention group) or participate in a national registry (control group). The primary outcome was the duration of ICU stay.

Results
Among 1856 patients enrolled, 602, 669, and 585 were recruited in the baseline, audit, and intervention periods, respectively. The composite measures of compliance were 47% (interquartile range [IQR], 38–56%) in the intervention group and 42% (IQR, 25–53%) in the control group (P = .001). As compared to the baseline period, the ICU lengths of stay were reduced by 3.2 days in the intervention period (P = .07) and by 2.8 days in the control period (P = .02). The durations of ICU stay were 7 days (IQR, 5–14 days) in the control group and 9 days (IQR, 5–20 days) in the intervention group (P = .10). After adjustment for unbalanced baseline characteristics, the hazard ratio for being discharged alive from the ICU in the control group was 1.17 (95% confidence interval, .69–2.01; P = .10).

Conclusions
The publication of French guidelines for HAP was associated with a reduction of the ICU length of stay. However, the realization of an audit to improve their application did not further improve outcomes.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03348579.
Temporal changes in complement activation in haemodialysis patients with COVID-19 as a predictor of disease progression
Authors: Prendecki Maria , Clarke Candice , Medjeral-Thomas Nicholas , McAdoo Stephen P , Sandhu Eleanor , Peters James E , Thomas David C , Willicombe Michelle , Botto Marina , Pickering Matthew C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Complement activation may play a pathogenic role in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by contributing to tissue inflammation and microvascular thrombosis.

Methods
Serial samples were collected from patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis (HD). Thirty-nine patients had confirmed COVID-19 and 10 patients had no evidence of COVID-19. Plasma C5a and C3a levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
We identified elevated levels of plasma C3a and C5a in HD patients with severe COVID-19 compared with controls. Serial sampling identified that C5a levels were elevated prior to clinical deterioration in patients who developed severe disease. C3a more closely mirrored both clinical and biochemical disease severity.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that activation of complement plays a role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, leading to endothelial injury and lung damage. C5a may be an earlier biomarker of disease severity than conventional parameters such as C-reactive protein and this warrants further investigation in dedicated biomarker studies. Our data support the testing of complement inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for patients with severe COVID-19.
Distribution, Survival, and Development of Spotted Lanternfly on Host Plants Found in North America
Authors: Murman Kelly , Setliff Gregory P , Pugh Cathryn V , Toolan Michael J , Canlas Isaiah , Cannon Stefani , Abreu Leslie , Fetchen Miranda , Zhang Longwa , Warden Melissa L , Wallace Matthew , Wickham Jacob , Spichiger Sven-Erik , Swackhamer Emelie , Carrillo Daniel , Cornell Allison , Derstine Nathan T , Barringer Lawrence , Cooperband Miriam F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Studies were conducted from 2015 to 2018 to evaluate spotted lanternfly (SLF) distribution and developmental suitability of different plant species in the U.S. Tree bands on 283 trees spanning 33 species captured 21,006 SLF in 2 yr. More SLF per tree were trapped on tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) than on other species, on average, and most adults were captured on tree-of-heaven. Frequency of detection of adult SLF was higher on tree-of-heaven than on other species but was actually equal or lower on tree-of-heaven than on all other species combined for younger SLF stages in 2015. An enclosed choice test between tree-of-heaven and black walnut Juglans nigra L. (Fagales: Juglandaceae) revealed nymphs showed little consistent preference, whereas adults consistently and significantly preferred tree-of-heaven. No-choice field sleeve studies evaluated SLF survivorship on 26 host plant species in 17 families. Ten plant species supported SLF for an average of ≥45 d, with the rest unable to support SLF for &gt;30 d. Eight species were able to support development from first instar to adult: black walnut, chinaberry Melia azedarach L. (Sapindales: Meliaceae), oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (Celastrales: Celastraceae), tree-of-heaven, hops Humulus lupulus L. (Rosales: Cannabaceae), sawtooth oak Quercus acutissima Carruthers (Fagales: Fagaceae), butternut Juglans cinerea L, and tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifiera L. (Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae). The ability of SLF to develop to adult on hosts other than tree-of-heaven may impact pest management decisions.
How Comprehensive Is Chinese Data Protection Law? A Systematisation of Chinese Data Protection Law from a European Perspective
Authors: Geller Anja 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In China, there is no unified data protection law similar to the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). As a result, there are many different relevant regulations. Among other things, this makes enforcement and comprehension more difficult. To alleviate this problem and assess the comprehensiveness of Chinese data protection, this article uses the GDPR as a frame to organise and systematise the most important Chinese regulations. Binding and non-binding as well as enacted and draft provisions are included to show the dynamic progress and the general direction of Chinese law. While from a European data protection perspective there still are numerous deficiencies, the general development is positive.
“In the Name of Humanity”: Nazi Doctors and Human Experiments in German Concentration Camps
Authors: de Leeuw Daan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During the Second World War over two hundred and fifty German doctors conducted medical experiments on human beings. Jurists and scholars have pondered ever since how doctors educated to heal could harm and even kill. Robert Jay Lifton has argued that psychological “doubling” could explain their crimes: their Faustian bargain with Nazism outweighed their Hippocratic Oath. Here the author argues, however, that Lifton’s theory does not apply to these Nazi doctors because there is no indication that they recognized ethical constraints against human experimentation. To explain how “healers became killers,” the author focuses on the broader historical aspects of their behavior.
Genocide, History, and the Law: Legal Performativity and Recognition of the Armenian Genocide in France and Germany
Authors: Kebranian Nanor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Laws regulating historical discourse, or “memory laws,” recognize past injustices, and, as in the case of legislation regarding the Holocaust, may punish denial. They also reflect the geopolitical interests of states or supranational institutions, especially in contested histories, such as the Ottoman Empire’s persecution of Armenian subjects during the First World War. Scholarship on such legislation examines its ethical legitimacy and political impact, debating its effect on free speech and democratic governance. This discourse considers whether memory laws should ever be adopted, whether they actually achieve their goals, and the extent to which they reinforce realpolitik in governing institutions. This article reveals a hitherto little-discussed dimension of laws regulating historical discourse: performativity. Laws have performative effects in the form of meanings, intentions, and interpretations that go beyond the letter of the law. By focusing on Armenian Genocide recognition in France and Germany, this article elucidates the performative aspects of memory laws, revealing thereby underlying ideological biases and political agendas.
Understanding Everyday Rescue: Insights from the Diary of Arnold Douwes
Authors: Moore Bob 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Arnold Douwes led a rescue network in the village of Nieuwlande, in the Dutch province of Drenthe. For fifteen months he bore sole responsibility for Jews and others in hiding, whose numbers grew thanks to the rescuers’ philosophy of never refusing genuine fugitives. What makes Douwes unique is that he recorded extensive coded notes about his day-to-day thoughts and activities, burying these in jam-jars in various safe places. Crucially for our understanding of rescue, his chronicle provides in-depth insight into not only the group’s heroic activities, but also the mundane work required to maintain those in hiding.
Long-term outcomes of metallic endobronchial stents in lung transplant recipients are not affected by bacterial colonization
Authors: Izhakian Shimon , Wasser Walter G , Vainshelboim Baruch , Pertzov Barak , Gorelik Oleg , Kramer Mordechai R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We evaluated associations of endobronchial stenting with airway bacterial colonization, the antimicrobial resistance profile, hospitalizations for pneumonia and survival in lung transplant recipients.

METHODS
This is a retrospective single-centre study of 582 recipients of lung transplant during 2002–2018. We compared outcomes of 57 patients (9.7%) who received endobronchial stents (intervention group) to a control group of 57 patients without stents who were matched one to one for age, sex, year of transplantation, unilateral/bilateral transplantation and underlying disease.

RESULTS
For the intervention compared to the control group, airway colonization was more common for Pseudomonas (86% vs 35%, P &lt; 0.001), Acinetobacter (21% vs 7%, P = 0.05), Klebsiella (21% vs 5%, P = 0.02) and Staphylococcus species (11% vs 0%, P = 0.02). The respective proportions of patients with positive bronchoalveolar lavage cultures on the third post-transplantation day, the day of stent insertion and 6-month post-stent insertion were 47.4%, 50.9% and 65.4% for Pseudomonas sp.; 15.8%, 12.3% and 3.8% for Klebsiella sp.; and 8.8%, 5.3% and 5.8% for Acinetobacter sp. The mean number of hospitalizations for pneumonia per patient was higher, without statistical significance, in the intervention than the control group (1.5 ± 1.7 vs 0.9 ± 1.5, P = 0.1). Kaplan–Meier survival curves did not show a statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the entire group without endobronchial stents (n = 525) (P = 0.4).

CONCLUSIONS
Lung transplant recipients with endobronchial stents were more likely to be colonized with pathologic bacteria and having pneumonia; however, stent placement was not associated with increased long-term mortality with appropriate stent maintenance.
Dietary taurine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress of broiler chickens at an early age
Authors: Han Hongli , Zhang Jingfei , Chen Yanan , Shen Mingming , Yan Enfa , Wei Chengheng , Yu Caiyun , Zhang Lili , Wang Tian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of taurine as a prophylactic treatment on antioxidant function and inflammatory responses of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 256 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments with eight replicates of eight birds (eight birds per cage). Four treatment groups were designated as follows: 1) in the CON group, broilers fed a basal diet; 2) in the LPS group, LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet; 3) in the LPS + T1 group, LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet supplemented with 5.0 g/kg taurine; and 4) in the LPS + T2 group, LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet supplemented with 7.5 g/kg taurine. The LPS-challenged broilers were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) of LPS at 16, 18, and 20 d of age, whereas the CON group received an injection of sterile saline. The results showed that broilers injected with LPS exhibited decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and the 21-d BW (P &lt; 0.05), while taurine supplementation alleviated the negative effects of LPS. Additionally, the LPS-induced increases (P &lt; 0.05) in serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities were reversed by taurine supplementation. The taurines could alleviate the hepatic oxidative stress, with the presence of lower content of malondialdehyde (P &lt; 0.05), higher content of glutathione (P &lt; 0.05), and an increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the liver were measured by ELISA kits, and the result showed that dietary taurine supplementation prevented these cytokines increases in the liver of LPS-induced broilers. Taurine reduced the genes expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, whereas it boosted the expression levels of antioxidant-related genes (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and GSH-Px) in the liver of LPS-induced broilers. In conclusion, dietary taurine supplementation in broilers mitigated LPS-induced defects in ADG, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses.
Bta-miR-34b inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis via the MEK/ERK pathway by targeting MAP2K1 in bovine primary Sertoli cells
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Ma Tiantian , Tao Qibing , Tan Wushuang , Chen Huatao , Liu Wei , Lin Pengfei , Zhou Dong , Wang Aihua , Jin Yaping , Tang Keqiong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Immature Sertoli cell (SC) proliferation determines the final number of mature SCs and further regulates spermatogenesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in SC proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of miRNA on bovine immature SC remain to be poorly understood. In this study, miRNA sequencing of testes collected in mature (24-mo old) and immature (neonatal) bulls was conducted to determine the miRNA expression profiles. MicroRNA-34b was one of the differentially expressed miRNAs and was selected for in-depth functional studies pertaining to SC growth. The results showed that miR-34b mimic transfection in primary Sertoli cells (PSC) inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrested at G2 phase and decreased the expression of cell cycle-related genes such as CCNB1, CDK1, CDC25C, and C-MYC. MicroRNA-34b overexpression also leads to increased cell apoptosis, with proapoptotic genes P53 and BAX upregulated, while antiapoptotic gene BCL2 decreased. However, miR-34b knockdown had the opposite effects. Through a combination of transcriptome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and Western blotting, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase1 (MAP2K1), also known as MEK1, was identified as a target of miR-34b. In addition, PSC proliferation inhibition was mediated by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with MAP2K1 interference. Overexpression of MAP2K1 effectively reversed the miR-34b-repressed PSC cell growth. Moreover, both miR-34b overexpression and MAP2K1 knockdown decreased the protein levels of P-ERK1/2, while MAP2K1 overexpression showed opposite effects. In summary, data suggest that miR-34b regulates PSC proliferation and apoptosis through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These data provide a theoretical and experimental framework for further clarifying the regulation of cell growth in PSC of bovine.
What Do They Know and What Do They DO? A National Evaluation of Landscape Integrated Pest Management Knowledge and Use in the United States
Authors: Diaz John M , Warner Laura A , Oi Faith , Gusto Cody 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Individual residents in the United States increasingly practice do-it-yourself pest management in their lawns and gardens. This self-managed pest control is frequently characterized by unnecessary and sometimes indiscriminate applications of pesticide that are often ineffective and environmentally damaging. Given residential consumers account for most of the world’s pesticide expenditures, the need to increase adoption of IPM best practices is critical. Through its education and technical training programming, we argue that Cooperative Extension is uniquely positioned to nudge residential DIY pest management away from an exclusive reliance on pesticide application and towards IPM best practices. To assess how best to encourage an increase in IPM adoption, we examined the relationship between an individual user’s knowledge of IPM practices and adoption of IPM behavior. Survey results from individual residents responsible for their lawn and garden management indicate that where there is high knowledge of IPM best practices, there appears to be a strong likelihood of behavior adoption. Results also show, however, that a significant number of respondents have little to no knowledge of IPM. To address this gap, we argue for the need to increase IPM-related education and provide recommendations for future research.
Von Economo Neuron Pathology in Familial Dysautonomia: Quantitative Assessment and Possible Implications
Authors: Jacot-Descombes Sarah , Keshav Neha , Brosch Carla Micaela Santos , Wicinski Bridget , Warda Tahia , Norcliffe-Kaufmann Lucy , Kaufmann Horacio , Varghese Merina , Hof Patrick R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Von Economo neurons (VENs) and fork cells are principally located in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the frontoinsular cortex (FI). Both of these regions integrate inputs from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and are involved in decision-making and perception of the emotional states of self and others. Familial dysautonomia (FD) is an orphan disorder characterized by autonomic dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities including repetitive behavior and emotional rigidity, which are also seen in autism spectrum disorder. To understand a possible link between the ANS and the cortical regions implicated in emotion regulation we studied VENs and fork cells in an autonomic disorder. We determined the densities of VENs, fork cells, and pyramidal neurons and the ratio of VENs and fork cells to pyramidal neurons in ACC and FI in 4 FD patient and 6 matched control brains using a stereologic approach. We identified alterations in densities of VENs and pyramidal neurons and their distributions in the ACC and FI in FD brains. These data suggest that alterations in migration and numbers of VENs may be involved in FD pathophysiology thereby supporting the notion of a functional link between VENs, the ANS and the peripheral nervous system in general.
A Practical Approach to Differentiate the Frontotemporal Tauopathy Subtypes
Authors: Forrest Shelley L , Halliday Glenda M , Sizemova Anastasia , van Roijen Marloes , McGinley Ciara V , Bright Fiona , Kapur Milan , McGeachie Andrew B , McCann Heather , Shepherd Claire E , Tan Rachel H , Affleck Andrew J , Huang Yue , Kril Jillian J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study proposes a practical approach, using the minimum number of brain regions and stains, to consolidate previously published neuropathological criteria into one operationalized schema to differentiate subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau-immunopositive inclusions (FTLD-tau). This approach uses the superior frontal and precentral cortices and hippocampus stained for phosphorylated-tau, p62 and modified Bielschowsky silver, and the midbrain stained only for modified Bielschowsky silver. Accuracy of interrater reliability was determined by 10 raters in 24 FTLD-tau cases (Pick disease = 4, corticobasal degeneration = 9, progressive supranuclear palsy = 5, globular glial tauopathy = 6) including 4 with a mutation in MAPT collected with consent by Sydney Brain Bank. All brain regions and stains assessed proved informative for accurate pathological subtyping, and many neuropathological features were identified as common across the FTLD-tau subtypes. By identifying subtype-specific neuropathological features in the sections selected, 10 independent observers assigned the cases to a FTLD-tau subtype with almost perfect agreement between raters, emphasizing the requirement for the assessment of subtype-specific features for the accurate subtyping of FTLD-tau. This study consolidates current consensus diagnostic criteria for classifying FTLD-tau subtypes with an efficient, simple and accurate approach that can be implemented in future clinicopathological studies.
Low-Grade Gemistocytic Morphology in H3 G34R-Mutant Gliomas and Concurrent K27M Mutation: Clinicopathologic Findings
Authors: Morris Meaghan , Driscoll Meghan , Henson John W , Cobbs Charles , Jiang LiQun , Gocke Christopher D , Chen Liam , Rodriguez Fausto J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mutations in histone H3 are key molecular drivers of pediatric and young adult high-grade gliomas. Histone H3 G34R mutations occur in hemispheric high-grade gliomas and H3 K27M mutations occur in aggressive, though histologically diverse, midline gliomas. Here, we report 2 rare cases of histologically low-grade gliomas with gemistocytic morphology and sequencing-confirmed histone H3 G34R mutations. One case is a histologically low-grade gemistocytic astrocytoma with a G34R-mutation in H3F3A. The second case is a histologically low-grade gemistocytic astrocytoma with co-occurring K27M and G34R mutations in HIST1H3B. Review of prior histone H3-mutant gliomas sequenced at our institution shows a divergent clinical and immunohistochemical pattern in the 2 cases. The first case is similar to prior histone H3 G34R-mutant tumors, while the second case most closely resembles prior histone H3 K27M-mutant gliomas. These represent novel cases of sequencing-confirmed histone H3 G34R-mutant gliomas with low-grade histology and add to the known rare cases of G34R-mutant tumors with gemistocytic morphology. Although K27M and G34R mutations are thought to be mutually exclusive, we document combined K27M and G34R mutations in HIST1H3B and present evidence suggesting the K27M-mutation drove tumor phenotype in this dual mutant glioma.