bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved efficiency of urine cell image segmentation using droplet microfluidics technology
Authors: Lv Shuxing , Chu Yuying , Zhang Panpan , Ma Sike , Zhao Meng , Wang Zhexiang , Gu Yajun , Sun Xuguo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent advances in the recognition of biological samples using machine vision have made this technology increasingly important in research and detection. Image segmentation is an important step in this process. This study focuses on how to reduce the interference factors such as the overlap between different types (or within the same type) of urine cells according to microfluidics and improve the machine vision segmentation accuracy for cell images. In this study, we demonstrate that the platform can realize this hypothesis using urine cell image segmentation as an example application. We first discuss the reported urine cell droplet microfluidic chip system, which can realize the test conditions in which urine cells are encapsulated in the droplet and isolated from salt crystallization and/or bacteria and other urine‐formed elements. Then, based on the analysis conditions set in the aforementioned experiment, the proportions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and squamous epithelial cells covered by various formed elements in the total urine cells in the same urine sample are measured. We simultaneously analyze the percentage of urine cells covered by salt crystallization and the incidence of overlapping between urine cells. Finally, the Otsu algorithm is used to segment the urine cell images encapsulated by the droplet and the urine cell images not encapsulated by the droplet, and the Dice, Jaccard, precision, and recall values are calculated. The results suggest that the method of encapsulating single cells based on droplets can improve the image segmentation effect without optimizing the algorithm.
Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks: a meta‐analysis
Authors: McClelland Shelby C. , Paustian Keith , Schipanski Meagan E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIncreasing the quantity and quality of plant biomass production in space and time can improve the capacity of agroecosystems to capture and store atmospheric carbon (C) in the soil. Cover cropping is a key practice to increase system net primary productivity (NPP) and increase the quantity of high‐quality plant residues available for integration into soil organic matter (SOM). Cover crop management and local environmental conditions, however, influence the magnitude of soil C stock change. Here, we used a comprehensive meta‐analysis approach to quantify the effect of cover crops on soil C stocks from the 0–30 cm soil depth in temperate climates and to identify key management and ecological factors that impact variation in this response. A total of 40 publications with 181 observations were included in the meta‐analysis representing six countries across three different continents. Overall, cover crops had a strong positive effect on soil C stocks (P < 0.0001) leading to a 12% increase, averaging 1.11 Mg C/ha more soil C relative to a no cover crop control. The strongest predictors of SOC response to cover cropping were planting and termination date (i.e., growing window), annual cover crop biomass production, and soil clay content. Cover crops planted as continuous cover or autumn planted and terminated led to 20–30% greater total soil C stocks relative to other cover crop growing windows. Likewise, high annual cover crop biomass production (>7 Mg·ha−1·yr−1) resulted in 30% higher total soil C stocks than lower levels of biomass production. Managing for greater NPP by improving synchronization in cover crop growing windows and climate will enhance the capacity of this practice to drawdown carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere across agroecosystems. The integration of growing window (potentially as a proxy for biomass growth), climate, and soil factors in decision‐support tools are relevant for improving the quantification of soil C stock change under cover crops, particularly with the expansion of terrestrial soil C markets.
Tracing species replacement in Iberian marbled newts
Authors: López‐Delgado Julia , van Riemsdijk Isolde , Arntzen Jan W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSecondary contact between closely related species can lead to the formation of hybrid zones, allowing for interspecific gene flow. Hybrid zone movement can take place if one of the species possesses a competitive advantage over the other, ultimately resulting in species replacement. Such hybrid zone displacement is predicted to leave a genomic footprint across the landscape in the form of asymmetric gene flow (or introgression) of selectively neutral alleles from the displaced to the advancing species. Hybrid zone movement has been suggested for marbled newts in the Iberian Peninsula, supported by asymmetric gene flow and a distribution relict (i.e., an enclave) ofTriturus marmoratusin the range ofT. pygmaeus. We developed a panel of nuclear and mitochondrial SNP markers to test for the presence of aT. marmoratusgenomic footprint in the Lisbon peninsula, south of the enclave. We found no additional populations ofT. marmoratus. Analysis with the software Structure showed no genetic traces ofT. marmoratusinT. pygmaeus. A principal component analysis showed some variation within the localT. pygmaeus, but it is unclear if this represents introgression fromT. marmoratus. The results may be explained by (a) species replacement without introgressive hybridization and (b) displacement with hybridization followed by the near‐complete erosion of the footprint by purifying selection. We predict that testing for a genomic footprint north of the reported enclave would confirm that species replacement in these marbled newts occurred with hybridization.
Association between metformin and physical activity with glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Abdalhk Diana , Riddell Michael C. , Swayze Sarah , Kuk Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the combined association between metformin use and physical activity on HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes.Research Design and MethodsAdults with type 2 diabetes from NHANES continuous survey (1999‐2018, n = 6447) were classified as active and inactive based on self‐reported engagement in moderate‐to‐vigorous or vigorous physical activity (MVPA or VigPA) and metformin use over the last month.ResultsThere was a significant negative main effect of metformin usage on HbA1c levels, independent of whether individuals engaged in modest levels of MVPA or VigPA. Moreover, there was a higher prevalence of metformin users with a HbA1c < 6.5% than non‐metformin users with no differences by activity status (36.1%‐39.5% versus 24.9%‐29.7%, respectively). There was a significantly lower HbA1c level (P = .007) and trend for a higher odds of having a HbA1c that achieved the clinical target of <7% (OR, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.0‐1.4, P = .06) in the MVPA than non‐MVPA group for only those not using metformin. For those using metformin, there was no difference in HbA1c levels by either MVPA or VigPA (both P > .05).ConclusionsThere appears to be independent benefits of metformin and regular physical activity on glucose control, but the impact of these two treatments are not necessarily additive. Based on this analyses, the benefit of physical activity on HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes is likely more apparent in those not taking metformin, as compared to those who are.
Social support, social cohesion and pain during pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Yamada Keiko , Kimura Takashi , Cui Meishan , Kubota Yasuhiko , Ikehara Satoyo , Iso Hiroyasu ,   Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPersistent pain during pregnancy is a significant health issue, which could be correlated with psychological distress resulting from inadequate social support. This study aims to investigate whether the relationship between poor social support and antenatal pain is mediated by psychological distress. We also aimed to examine whether social cohesion moderates the influence of psychological distress on the relationship between social support and antenatal pain.MethodsWe analysed 94,517 pregnancies of women from a Japanese national birth cohort completed questionnaires assessing pain, psychological distress, social support and social cohesion. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Two types of models were used: the mediation model to examine whether the association between social support and pain was mediated by psychological distress; the moderated mediation model to analyse whether social cohesion buffered the negative effect of inadequate social support on pain. Demographic, socioeconomic and psychological factors were controlled for in all analyses.ResultsPsychological distress was fully mediated the association between social support and pain. Social cohesion had a focal moderation effect on the inverse association between social support and psychological distress (unstandardized regression coefficient [β] = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.07–0.11) and functioned as moderator for the indirect effect of social support on antenatal pain (index of moderated mediation = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.004–0.007).ConclusionsPoor social support was related to antenatal pain through psychological distress, possibly buffered by social cohesion. During the antenatal period, social support and cohesion are important for women.SignificanceIn this study, poor social support was found to be associated with pain intensity during pregnancy, which was mediated by psychological distress and might be buffered by desirable social cohesion. This finding could potentially help healthcare providers and policy makers to understand the importance of desirable social cohesion in preventing pain among pregnant women.
Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of Peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) skin extracts of various cultivars in oxidative‐damaged HepG2 cells and LPS‐induced raw 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Kim Min Young , Kim Hyun‐Joo , Lee Yu‐Young , Kim Mi Hyang , Lee Jin Young , Kang Mun Suk , Koo Bon Cheol , Lee Byong Won 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study was performed to investigate the distribution of phenolic compounds in the peanut skins of various cultivars, as well as their antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effect (Arachishypogaea L. cv. K‐Ol, cv. Sinpalkwang, cv. Daan, cv. Heuksaeng) and extraction solvent. The major components of red peanut cultivars (K‐Ol, Sinpalkwang, and Daan) were identified as proanthocyanidin, catechin, gallic acid, coumaric acid, and hesperidine, whereas the major components of black peanut cultivar (Heuksaeng) were identified as anthocyanin, ferulic acid, and quercetin. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and FRAP values were the highest in Daan followed by Sinpalkwng, K‐Ol, and Heuksang. Furthermore, the skin extracts of red peanuts effectively improved cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, MDA concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activity (GR, GPx, CAT, and superoxide dismutase) in oxidative stress‐induced HepG2 cells, and reduced the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors (NO, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β) in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that red peanut skin extracts could effectively mediate physiological activity and provide valuable information for the use of peanut byproducts as functional food materials.
The association between dietary antioxidant quality score with metabolic syndrome and its components in Iranian adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shahavandi Mahshid , Shahinfar Hossein , payande Nastaran , Sheikhhossein Fatemeh , Djafarian Kurosh , Shab‐Bidar Sakineh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate whether adherence to dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among the Tehranian population. This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 270 apparently healthy adults aged between 18 and 45 years old who lived in Tehran, Iran, between February 2017 and December 2018. Participants were categorized based on tertile cut‐off points of DAQs. To examine the association between DAQS and MetS and its components, we used multivariable logistic regression analysis in different models. Adherence to DAQS was associated with a significant increase for intake of vitamin B6 (P‐value = 0.02), riboflavin (P‐value < 0.001), folate (P‐value = 0.03), selenium (P‐value = 0.03), vitamin D (P‐value < 0.001), and calcium (P‐value < 0.001). Adherence to DAQS showed a significant decrease for odds of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.65, P‐value = 0.03). We also found that the overall adherence to DAQS was not significantly related to MetS and its other components. In conclusion, although we observed an improvement in SBP with a greater adherence to dietary antioxidant quality score, there was no association between DAQS and metabolic syndrome and its other components.
Dedifferentiated secretory breast carcinoma with fibrosarcomatous features harboring an ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion in both components
Authors: Xu Jin , Weisman Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSecretory carcinomas are low‐grade translocation‐driven carcinomas occurring in patients over a wide age range. These tumors most frequently arise in the breast and salivary gland, but may occasionally arise at other anatomic sites, such as the skin, the thyroid gland or the upper or lower respiratory tract. In concert with their low‐grade morphology, secretory carcinomas most often follow an indolent clinical course. However, rare cases have shown dedifferentiation (also known as high‐grade transformation) and aggressive clinical behavior. To date, the dedifferentiated component in all molecularly confirmed cases of secretory carcinoma has taken the form of a high‐grade carcinoma. Here we present a case of an ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion‐positive secretory carcinoma of the breast with sarcomatous dedifferentiation. The sarcomatous component showed an infantile or adult fibrosarcoma‐like morphology including a herringbone fascicular pattern and a hemangiopericytic vascular pattern. By immunohistochemistry, the sarcomatous component showed focal CD34 immunoreactivity and loss of all of the markers expressed in the conventional secretory carcinoma component, including SOX10, S100, GATA‐3, AE1/AE3 and E‐cadherin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the sarcomatous component retained the ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion, but also acquired homozygous deletion of CDKN2A. The tumor followed an aggressive clinical course and the patient eventually succumbed to her disease 14 months after diagnosis. The histomorphologic and molecular genetic features of this tumor are discussed, including its ability to mimic kinase‐rearranged infantile or adult fibrosarcomas at extramammary sites and the theragnostic importance of its distinction from conventional metaplastic spindle cell carcinomas in the breast.
Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibition in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Singh Hans Martin , Bailey Peter , Hübschmann Daniel , Berger Anne Katrin , Neoptolemos John P. , Jäger Dirk , Siveke Jens , Springfeld Christoph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with limited treatment options. Recently, the poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib has been approved for maintenance therapy after successful platinum‐based chemotherapy in patients with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Approval was based on the POLO study that has shown a significant improvement in progression‐free survival for patients with metastatic PDAC after at least 4 months of platinum‐based chemotherapy. Hopefully, this first biomarker‐directed targeted therapy for a relevant subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients is only the beginning of an era of personalized therapy for pancreatic cancer. The potential role for PARPi in improving survival in patients with pancreatic cancer containing somatic tumor mutations has yet to be established. Multiple studies investigating whether PARPi therapy might benefit a larger group of pancreatic cancer patients with homologous recombination repair deficiency and whether combinations with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or small molecules can improve efficacy are currently underway. We here review the molecular basis for PARPi therapy in PDAC patients and recent developments in clinical studies.
Exploration of irreversibility and thermal motion of a nanoliquid with the Newton boundary condition by using the Darcy–Forchheimer rule
Authors: Gireesha B. J. , Venkatesh P. , Soumya D. O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study has been conducted to focus on magnetohydrodynamic flow of a nanoliquid through a microchannel in the presence of a magnetic field. In this article, carbon nanotubes suspended in an aqueous medium were our considered fluid, and we focused on both singlewall and multiwall carbon nanotubes. The numerical calculations have been made via the fourth‐ and fifth‐order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method. The flow of the nanoliquid in a microchannel with porosity has been scrutinized with the existence of mutual effects, like, the nanoparticle volume fraction, suction or injection, thermal‐dependent heat source, convective boundary conditions, Darcy friction factor, and thermal motion of the nanoparticles. The influence of every major parameter on the profile of momentum, temperature, and entropy generation has been displayed graphically, and we discuss their physical aspects. The numerical outcomes demonstrated that the momentum profile augmented with the buoyancy force, angle of inclination, and Darcy number. Thermal energy was enriched with the heat source parameter, Darcy number, and Hartmann number. The irreversibility rate declined with the volume fraction of nanoparticle and radiation parameter, while it increases with the buoyancy force, Eckert parameter, and Darcy friction factor.
Free convection flow of a magneto‐micropolarnanofluid over an orthogonal plate in a saturated porous medium
Authors: Mansour Mohamed A. , Rashad Ahmed M. , El‐Hakiem Amal M. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study presents a similar solution for a free convective flow of a micropolar nanofluid through an orthogonal plate in a saturated porous medium under the impact of magnetic field. The internal heating generation and without internal heating generation in the problem are explained. A set of nonlinear differential equations was converted into ordinary differential equations by appropriate conversions. This system of equations was numerically solved using bvp4c function in Matlab. Numerical results for the angular velocity, velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, and skin friction are discussed. Calculations were done by parametrizing volume fraction parameter, micropolar, magnetic field, Darcy number, and the Prandtl number. Finally, this study intends to develop an intuitive understanding of similar models by emphasizing the physical arguments, which may be applicable for coating materials in chemical engineering, for instance, robust paints, production of aerosol deposition, and water‐soluble solution thermal treatment.
Missing and decayed teeth, oral hygiene and dental staining in relation to esophageal cancer risk: ESCCAPE case‐control study in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Mmbaga Blandina T. , Mwasamwaja Amos , Mushi Godfrey , Mremi Alex , Nyakunga Gissela , Kiwelu Ireen , Swai Remigi , Kiwelu Godwin , Mustapha Sophia , Mghase Eliawawomy , Mchome Amana , Shao Redfan , Mallya Evarista , Rwakatema Deogratias S. , Kilonzo Kajiru , Munishi Oresto Michael , Abedi‐Ardekani Behnoush , Middleton Daniel , Schüz Joachim , McCormack Valerie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the African esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) corridor, recent work from Kenya found increased ESCC risk associated with poor oral health, including an ill‐understood association with dental fluorosis. We examined these associations in a Tanzanian study, which included examination of potential biases influencing the latter association. This age and sex frequency‐matched case‐control study included 310 ESCC cases and 313 hospital visitor/patient controls. Exposures included self‐reported oral hygiene and nondental observer assessed decayed+missing+filled tooth count (DMFT index) and the Thylstrup‐Fejerskov dental fluorosis index (TFI). Blind to this nondental observer TFI, a dentist independently assessed fluorosis on photographs of 75 participants. Odds ratios (ORs) are adjusted for demographic factors, alcohol and tobacco. ESCC risk was associated with using a chewed stick to brush teeth (OR 2.3 [95% CI: 1.3‐4.1]), using charcoal to whiten teeth (OR 2.13 [95% CI: 1.3, 4.1]) and linearly with the DMFT index (OR 3.3 95% CI: [1.8, 6.0] for ≥10 vs 0). Nondental observer‐assessed fluorosis was strongly associated with ESCC risk (OR 13.5 [95% CI: 5.7‐31.9] for TFI 5+ v 0). However, the professional dentist's assessment indicated that only 43% (10/23) of participants assessed as TFI 5+ actually had fluorosis. In summary, using oral charcoal, brushing with a chewed stick and missing/decayed teeth may be risk factors for ESCC in Tanzania, for which dose‐response and mechanistic research is needed. Links of ESCC with “dental fluorosis” suffered from severe exposure misclassification, rendering it impossible to disentangle any effects of fluorosis, extrinsic staining or reverse causality.
Thrombospondin‐4 mediates hyperglycemia‐ and TGF‐beta‐induced inflammation in breast cancer
Authors: Muppala Santoshi , Xiao Roy , Gajeton Jasmine , Krukovets Irene , Verbovetskiy Dmitriy , Stenina‐Adognravi Olga 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInflammation drives the growth of tumors and is an important predictor of cancer aggressiveness. CD68, a marker of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM), is routinely used to aid in prognosis and treatment choices for breast cancer patients. We report that thrombospondin‐4 (TSP‐4) mediates breast cancer inflammation and growth in mouse models in response to hyperglycemia and TGF‐beta by increasing TAM infiltration and production of inflammatory signals in tumors. Analysis of breast cancers and noncancerous tissue specimens from hyperglycemic patients revealed that levels of TSP‐4 and of macrophage marker CD68 are upregulated in diabetic tissues. TSP‐4 was colocalized with macrophages in cancer tissues. Bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) responded to high glucose and TGF‐beta by upregulating TSP‐4 production and expression, as well as the expression of inflammatory markers. We report a novel function for TSP‐4 in breast cancer: regulation of TAM infiltration and inflammation. The results of our study provide new insights into regulation of cancer growth by hyperglycemia and TGF‐beta and suggest TSP‐4 as a potential therapeutic target.