bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of succinylcholine and its metabolite in animal‐derived foods by solid‐phase extraction combined with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Sijie , Zhang Bo , Shi Mao , Wang Hui , Fu Yao 
Published: July 2020

RationaleSuccinylcholine has been increasingly used in the theft of animals. Because of the presence of residual levels of succinylcholine in poisoned animals, it is harmful for people to eat foods derived from these animals. Therefore, a method should be immediately established to determine succinylcholine and its metabolite in animal‐derived foods.MethodsA fast, highly sensitive method, combining solid‐phase extraction (SPE) with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI‐MS/MS), was developed for the determination of succinylcholine and its metabolite in animal‐derived foods. The sample was initially extracted with heptafluorobutyric acid and then further cleaned up using an SPE cartridge. Succinylcholine and its metabolite were separated using acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid in 5 mmol L−1 ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. Quantitative results were based on positive ion ESI multiple reaction monitoring mode.ResultsThe results show good linearity over a wide range with correlation coefficients of determination of more than 0.998. Both the limits of detection of succinylcholine and succinylmonocholine are 0.2 μg kg−1. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies of the method are in the range 91.4%–104.6%, and the intra‐ and inter‐day precisions are in the range 2.5%–6.6%.ConclusionsThis method can be used for the determination of succinylcholine as an illicit drug in animal‐derived foods. It was successfully applied to the identification and quantification of succinylcholine and succinylmonocholine in animal‐derived foods collected from a local farmers market in Jilin Province of China.
Event‐based resilience to DoS attacks on communication for consensus of networked Lagrangian systems
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Chen Ci , Lyu Yi , Xie Kan 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this article, we consider the resilience analysis of the even‐based consensus control of networked Lagrangian systems under denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks, which are usually implemented by the attackers to block the communication channels. Comparing with the linear cyber‐physical systems, the secure control of the networked Lagrangian systems is more complex and challenging, especially under the conditions of asymmetry communication and discontinuous control. To this end, an event‐based controller is first designed for consensus control of networked Lagrangian systems in the absence of DoS attacks. Sufficient conditions are given to stabilize the closed‐loop systems. Then the resilience analysis is presented for the event‐based controller under DoS attacks. Some conditions associated with the DoS duration and frequency are proposed for the control parameters against the attacks. Then Zeno behaviors are proved to be nonexistent in the proposed control scheme. An algorithm is also given to guide the control design.
Towards sustainable development: A multi‐country persistence analysis of forest products footprint using a stationarity test with smooth shifts
Authors: Solarin Sakiru Adebola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe human demand on forest products has been getting more significant over time as people increasingly continue to convert forests to agricultural and urban uses. The consequence of these human activities is the loss of forest resources through deforestation and forest degradation as exemplified by the continued degradation of the Amazon rainforest, which has implication for sustainable development. However, several economic aspects of forestry have not been adequately investigated in the existing literature including the persistence of forest products footprint. The importance of examining the persistence or nonstationary of forest products footprint is that it tells us whether blueprints to address the rising forest products footprint will be effective or not. The aim of this paper is to examine the nonstationarity of forest products footprint in 89 countries using a new panel stationarity test that provides for gradual breaks, heterogeneity across cross‐sectional units and cross‐sectional dependency. The results suggest significant evidence for nonstationarity of the forest products footprint. The policy implications of the results are elaborated in the body of the paper.
Nanocharacterization, Materials Modeling, and Research Integrity as Enablers of Sound Risk Assessment: Designing Responsible Nanotechnology
Authors: Xiarchos Ioannis , Morozinis Athanasios K. , Kavouras Panagiotis , Charitidis Costas A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanotechnology, as a mature enabling technology, has great potential to boost societal welfare. However, nanomaterials' current and foreseen applications raise serious concerns about their impact on human health and the environment. These concerns emerge because a reliable risk assessment in nanotechnology is yet to be achieved. The reasons for such a shortcoming are the inherent difficulties in characterizing nanomaterials properties. The interaction of characterization with modeling is an open issue and, due to overarching concerns about the reliability of research results, usually framed within the context of research integrity. This essay explores the connection between these different, but deeply intertwined concerns and the way they enable the production of responsible nanotechnology, i.e., nanotechnology devoted to societal welfare.
Probing the pH Microenvironment of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Cultures on Additive‐Manufactured Scaffolds
Authors: Moldero Ivan Lorenzo , Chandra Anil , Cavo Marta , Mota Carlos , Kapsokalyvas Dimitrios , Gigli Giuseppe , Moroni Lorenzo , del Mercato Loretta L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite numerous advances in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, monitoring the formation of tissue regeneration and its metabolic variations during culture is still a challenge and mostly limited to bulk volumetric assays. Here, a simple method of adding capsules‐based optical sensors in cell‐seeded 3D scaffolds is presented and the potential of these sensors to monitor the pH changes in space and time during cell growth is demonstrated. It is shown that the pH decreased over time in the 3D scaffolds, with a more prominent decrease at the edges of the scaffolds. Moreover, the pH change is higher in 3D scaffolds compared to monolayered 2D cell cultures. The results suggest that this system, composed by capsules‐based optical sensors and 3D scaffolds with predefined geometry and pore architecture network, can be a suitable platform for monitoring pH variations during 3D cell growth and tissue formation. This is particularly relevant for the investigation of 3D cellular microenvironment alterations occurring both during physiological processes, such as tissue regeneration, and pathological processes, such as cancer evolution.
Bayesian and frequentist testing for differences between two groups with parametric and nonparametric two‐sample tests
Authors: Kelter Riko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTesting for differences between two groups is one of the scenarios most often faced by scientists across all domains and is particularly important in the medical sciences and psychology. The traditional solution to this problem is rooted inside the Neyman–Pearson theory of null hypothesis significance testing and uniformly most powerful tests. In the last decade, a lot of progress has been made in developing Bayesian versions of the most common parametric and nonparametric two‐sample tests, including Student's t‐test and the Mann–Whitney U test. In this article, we review the underlying assumptions, models and implications for research practice of these Bayesian two‐sample tests and contrast them with the existing frequentist solutions. Also, we show that in general Bayesian and frequentist two‐sample tests have different behavior regarding the type I and II error control, which needs to be carefully balanced in practical research.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Monte Carlo Methods
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo
Maps stemming from the functional calculus that transform a Kubo–Ando mean into another
Authors: Nagy Gergő 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate maps on sets of positive operators which are induced by the continuous functional calculus and transform a Kubo–Ando mean$$\sigma $$σinto another$$\tau $$τ. We establish that under quite mild conditions, a mapping$$\phi $$ϕcan have this property only in the trivial case, i.e. when$$\sigma $$σand$$\tau $$τare nontrivial weighted harmonic means and$$\phi $$ϕstems from a function which is a constant multiple of the generating function of such a mean. In the setting where exactly one of$$\sigma $$σand$$\tau $$τis a weighted arithmetic mean, we show that under fairly weak assumptions, the mentioned transformer property never holds. Finally, when both of$$\sigma $$σand$$\tau $$τare such a mean, it turns out that the latter property is only satisfied in the trivial case, i.e. for maps induced by affine functions.
On the convergence of the Laplace approximation and noise-level-robustness of Laplace-based Monte Carlo methods for Bayesian inverse problems
Authors: Schillings Claudia , Sprungk Björn , Wacker Philipp 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Bayesian approach to inverse problems provides a rigorous framework for the incorporation and quantification of uncertainties in measurements, parameters and models. We are interested in designing numerical methods which are robust w.r.t. the size of the observational noise, i.e., methods which behave well in case of concentrated posterior measures. The concentration of the posterior is a highly desirable situation in practice, since it relates to informative or large data. However, it can pose a computational challenge for numerical methods based on the prior measure. We propose to employ the Laplace approximation of the posterior as the base measure for numerical integration in this context. The Laplace approximation is a Gaussian measure centered at the maximum a-posteriori estimate and with covariance matrix depending on the logposterior density. We discuss convergence results of the Laplace approximation in terms of the Hellinger distance and analyze the efficiency of Monte Carlo methods based on it. In particular, we show that Laplace-based importance sampling and Laplace-based quasi-Monte-Carlo methods are robust w.r.t. the concentration of the posterior for large classes of posterior distributions and integrands whereas prior-based importance sampling and plain quasi-Monte Carlo are not. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical findings.
The Impact of Surgical Team Familiarity on Length of Procedure and Length of Stay: Inconsistent Relationships Across Procedures, Team Members, and Sites
Authors: Parker Sarah Henrickson , Lei Xue , Fitzgibbons Shimae , Metzger Thomas , Safford Shawn , Kaplan Seth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTeam familiarity has been shown to be important for operative efficiency and number of complications, but it is unclear for which types of operations and for which team members familiarity matters the most. The objective of this study is to further our understanding of familiarity in the OR by quantifying the relative importance of familiarity among all possible core team dyads, and defining the impact of team level familiarity on outcomes.Materials and methodsUsing a retrospective chart and administrative data review, five years of data from two health systems (14 hospitals) and across two procedures, (knee arthroplasty and lumbar laminectomy) were included. Multilevel modeling approach and a dominance analysis were conducted.ResultsFor each previous surgery that any two members of the core surgical team had participated in together, the length of surgery decreased significantly. The familiarity of the scrub and the surgeon was the most significant relationship for knee arthroplasty across the two hospitals, and laminectomies at one hospital.ConclusionsThe relationship between familiarity of the surgical team and surgical efficiency may be more complex than previously articulated. Familiarity may be more important for certain types of procedures. The familiarity of certain dyads may be more important for certain types of procedures.
Prognostic Factors of Preoperative Examinations for Non‐occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia: A Multicenter Retrospective Project Study Conducted by the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency Medicine
Authors: Suzuki Shuji , Kondo Hiroshi , Furukawa Akira , Kawai Kentaro , Yukaya Takafumi , Shimazui Takashi , Tani Masaji , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) has a high mortality rate, but the analyses of preoperative prognostic factors for improving survival in patients suspected of having NOMI are scarce. We aimed to analyze the prognostic factors of preoperative examinations for NOMI.MethodsThe clinical data of 224 patients with NOMI were retrospectively collected for a multicenter survey. Clinicophysiological factors were compared between the survivors and non‐survivors (N = 107/117) and between the operative and non‐operative cases (N = 180/44) by univariate analysis using chi‐square test and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard models. In the operative cases, the prognostic operative factors were also analyzed.ResultsThe overall mortality rate for NOMI was 52.2%. There were 129 male and 95 female patients. The mean age was 71.23 (14–94) years. Univariate analysis showed that cardiovascular complication, shock, abdominal pain, average blood pressure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, aspartic aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, base excess, prothrombin time‐international normalized ratio, D‐dimer, and fibrinogen degradation products were independent prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis showed that average blood pressure and base excess were independent prognostic factors. Among patients undergoing surgery, those with bowel resection had better prognosis than those without bowel resection, but those with long bowel resection had worse prognosis than those with short resection. Additional postoperative treatment was not effective compared with operation alone (P = 0.011).ConclusionsPrognostic factors of preoperative examinations for NOMI were average blood pressure and base excess. Patients with long bowel resection should be carefully monitored owing to their poor prognosis.
Association Between the Frequency of Glove Change and the Risk of Blood and Body Fluid Exposure in Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: Kobayashi Minako , Tsujimoto Hironori , Takahata Risa , Einama Takahiro , Okamoto Koichi , Kajiwara Yoshiki , Shinto Eiji , Kishi Yoji , Hase Kazuo , Ueno Hideki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical gloves are used to prevent the transmission of microorganisms from the surgeon's hands to the patient and vice versa. Little is known on the optimal frequency of glove changing. Therefore, we aimed to examine the optimal frequency of glove change during surgery by assessing the glove perforation rate in gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsIn this observational prospective cohort study, we investigated the incidence of perforation of 5,267 gloves during gastrointestinal surgeries.ResultsThe overall glove perforation rate was 10.1%. There was no significant difference between single gloving (10.2%) and double gloving (10.0%; p = 0.8491). However, the perforation rate of the inner glove (5.7%) was found to be significantly lower than that of the outer glove (11.6%) (p < 0.0001). A significant difference in perforation rate was observed after wearing inner gloves for 240 min (< 240 min, 4.4%; ≤ 240 min, 7.2%; p = 0.0314), and outer gloves for 60 min (< 60 min, 7.1%; ≤ 60 min, 12.6%; p < 0.0001). We found cumulative perforation rate to rapidly increase until the wear time was 90 min.ConclusionThe inner gloves and outer gloves have a higher perforation rate as the wear time increased. To reduce the risk of intraoperative blood and fluid exposure and prevent healthcare‐associated infection, gloves should be changed for approximately every 60–90 min for outer gloves and approximately every 240 min for inner gloves.
Preterm birth and sustained inflammation: consequences for the neonate
Authors: Humberg Alexander , Fortmann Ingmar , Siller Bastian , Kopp Matthias Volkmar , Herting Egbert , Göpel Wolfgang , Härtel Christoph ,   German Neonatal Network, German Center for Lung Research and Priming Immunity at the beginning of life (PRIMAL) Consortium
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlmost half of all preterm births are caused or triggered by an inflammatory process at the feto-maternal interface resulting in preterm labor or rupture of membranes with or without chorioamnionitis (“first inflammatory hit”). Preterm babies have highly vulnerable body surfaces and immature organ systems. They are postnatally confronted with a drastically altered antigen exposure including hospital-specific microbes, artificial devices, drugs, nutritional antigens, and hypoxia or hyperoxia (“second inflammatory hit”). This is of particular importance to extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks, as they have not experienced important “third-trimester” adaptation processes to tolerate maternal and self-antigens. Instead of a balanced adaptation to extrauterine life, the delicate co-regulation between immune defense mechanisms and immunosuppression (tolerance) to allow microbiome establishment is therefore often disturbed. Hence, preterm infants are predisposed to sepsis but also to several injurious conditions that can contribute to the onset or perpetuation of sustained inflammation (SI). This is a continuing challenge to clinicians involved in the care of preterm infants, as SI is regarded as a crucial mediator for mortality and the development of morbidities in preterm infants. This review will outline the (i) role of inflammation for short-term consequences of preterm birth and (ii) the effect of SI on organ development and long-term outcome.
Multiple change point detection and validation in autoregressive time series data
Authors: Ma Lijing , Grant Andrew J. , Sofronov Georgy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is quite common that the structure of a time series changes abruptly. Identifying these change points and describing the model structure in the segments between these change points is of interest. In this paper, time series data is modelled assuming each segment is an autoregressive time series with possibly different autoregressive parameters. This is achieved using two main steps. The first step is to use a likelihood ratio scan based estimation technique to identify these potential change points to segment the time series. Once these potential change points are identified, modified parametric spectral discrimination tests are used to validate the proposed segments. A numerical study is conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method across various scenarios and compared against other contemporary techniques.
Time course of brain activity during the processing of motor- and vision-related abstract concepts: flexibility and task dependency
Authors: Harpaintner Marcel , Trumpp Natalie M. , Kiefer Markus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGrounded cognition theories assume that conceptual processing depends on modality-specific brain systems in a context-dependent fashion. Although the relation of abstract concepts to modality-specific systems is less obvious than for concrete concepts, recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies indicated a foundation of abstract concepts in vision and action. However, due to their poor temporal resolution, neuroimaging studies cannot determine whether sensorimotor activity reflects rapid access to conceptual information or later conceptual processes. The present study therefore assessed the time course of abstract concept processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and compared ERP responses to abstract concepts with a strong relation to vision or action. We tested whether possible ERP effects to abstract word categories would emerge in early or in later time windows and whether these effects would depend on the depth of the conceptual task. In Experiment 1, a shallow lexical decision task, early feature-specific effects starting at 178 ms were revealed, but later effects beyond 300 ms were also observed. In Experiment 2, a deep conceptual decision task, feature-specific effects with an onset of 22 ms were obtained, but effects again extended beyond 300 ms. In congruency with earlier neuroimaging work, the present feature-specific ERP effects suggest a grounding of abstract concepts in modal brain systems. The presence of early and late feature-specific effects indicates that sensorimotor activity observed in neuroimaging experiments may reflect both rapid conceptual and later post-conceptual processing. Results furthermore suggest that a deep conceptual task accelerates access to conceptual sensorimotor features, thereby demonstrating conceptual flexibility.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with and without osteoclast-like giant cells
Authors: Mattiolo Paola , Fiadone Giulia , Paolino Gaetano , Chatterjee Deyali , Bernasconi Riccardo , Piccoli Paola , Parolini Claudia , El Aidi Mouad , Sperandio Nicola , Malleo Giuseppe , Salvia Roberto , Brosens Lodewijk A. , Wood Laura D. , Scarpa Aldo , Lawlor Rita T. , Luchini Claudio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUndifferentiated carcinoma (UC) and undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UCOGC) are peculiar variants of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), characterized by hypercellularity and absence of glandular patterns. The inflammatory microenvironment is peculiar in UCOGC, since it is dominated by macrophages and osteoclast-like giant cells. However, from a molecular point of view, both UC and UCOGC are very similar to conventional PDAC, sharing alterations of the most common genetic drivers. Clinically, UC usually show a worse prognosis, whereas UCOGC may show a better prognosis if it is not associated with a PDAC component. To highlight potential biological differences between these entities, we investigated the role of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in UC and UCOGC. Specifically, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of three well-known EMT markers, namely Twist1, Snai2, and E-cadherin, in 16 cases of UCOGC and 10 cases of UC. We found that EMT is more frequently activated in UC (10/10 cases) than in UCOGC (8/16 cases; p = 0.05). Furthermore, in UCOGC, EMT was activated with a higher frequency in cases with an associated PDAC component. Snai2 was the most frequently and strongly expressed marker in both tumor types (10/10 UC, 8/16 UCOGC), and its expression was higher in UC than in UCOGC (mean immunohistochemical score: 4.8 in UC vs. 2.1 in UCOGC, p < 0.01). Our results shed new light on the biology of UC and UCOGC: EMT appeared as a more important process in UC, and Snai2 emerged as a central EMT effector in this setting.