bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing N2-fixing cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea beyond observations using 6- and 7-methylheptadecane in sediments as specific biomarkers
Authors: Kaiser Jérôme , Wasmund Norbert , Kahru Mati , Wittenborn Anna K. , Hansen Regina , Häusler Katharina , Moros Matthias , Schulz-Bull Detlef , Arz Helge W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Summer cyanobacterial blooms represent a threat to the
Baltic Sea ecosystem, causing deoxygenation of the bottom water and the
spread of the so-called dead zones. The history of the Baltic Sea
cyanobacterial blooms is known from in situ and satellite observations since
the early 1980s but is still not well understood. By comparing both
weekly resolved sediment trap material and a well-dated sediment core from
the eastern Gotland Basin with monitoring and satellite cyanobacterial data
of the last ca. 35 years, it is shown here that 6- and 7-methylheptadecane
lipids (expressed as 6+7Me-C17 : 0) may be potentially considered
semiquantitative biomarkers for diazotrophic cyanobacteria, and more specifically for Nodularia spumigena. Using this organic proxy, it was thus possible to reconstruct
the history of cyanobacterial blooms beyond the observational period with a
resolution of 2–4 years since 1860. Cyanobacteria were constantly present
but in relatively low abundance until 1920, when they started to alternate
between periods with high and low abundance. Interestingly, there seems to
be no significant increase in cyanobacterial abundance in the 1950s, when
eutrophication and deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea increased considerably.
While the early increase in cyanobacteria may be related to a small increase
in phosphorus loading, decadal to multi-decadal fluctuations are likely
related to variability in the Baltic Sea surface temperature and,
ultimately, to the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation. A 7000-year 6+7Me-C17 : 0 record from the Bothnian Sea also suggests a relationship
with the mean summer temperature in the Baltic Sea region but at a
multi-centennial to multi-millennial timescale. The intensity of the
cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea is thus likely mainly related to
natural processes such as temperature variability, at least at a
multi-decadal to multi-millennial timescale.
Introduction: Handling uncertainty in the geosciences: identification, mitigation and communication
Authors: Pérez-Díaz Lucía , Alcalde Juan , Bond Clare E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In the geosciences, data are acquired, processed, analysed, modelled and
interpreted in order to generate knowledge. Such a complex procedure is
affected by uncertainties related to the objective (e.g. the data,
technologies and techniques employed) as well as the subjective (knowledge,
skills and biases of the geoscientist) aspects of the knowledge generation
workflow. Unlike in other scientific disciplines, uncertainty and its impact
on the validity of geoscientific outputs have often been overlooked or only
discussed superficially. However, for geological outputs to provide
meaningful insights, the uncertainties, errors and assumptions made
throughout the data acquisition, processing, modelling and interpretation
procedures need to be carefully considered. This special issue illustrates
and brings attention to why and how uncertainty handling (i.e. analysis,
mitigation and communication) is a critical aspect within the geosciences.
In this introductory paper, we (1) outline the terminology and describe the
relationships between a number of descriptors often used to characterise and
classify uncertainty and error, (2) present the collection of research papers
that together form the special issue, the idea for which stems from a 2018
European Geosciences Union's General Assembly session entitled
“Understanding the unknowns: recognition, quantification, influence and minimisation of uncertainty in the geosciences”, and (3) discuss the limitations of the “traditional” treatment of
uncertainty in the geosciences. “The efforts of many researchers have already cast much darkness on the subject, and it is likely that, if they continue, we will soon know nothing about it at all.” – Mark Twain
Relevance of Strategic Planning in the Decision-Making Process of Accounting Service Companies: A Fuzzy Analysis
Authors: Keller Guilherme Freitas , Souza Ângela Rozane Leal de , Fernandes Alice Munz , Velho Cassiane Oliveira 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To identify the strategic actions that should be prioritized by the small accounting service companies of Porto Alegre/RS in the decision making process to maximize the possibility of achieving the strategic objectives. Method: Exploratory and descriptive qualitative research consisting of two steps. Initially, semi-structured interviews were conducted with managing partners of four accounting service companies in order to identify predominant elements of strategic planning, through content analysis operationalized with the aid of QSR NVivo 11 software. Later, the results provided subsidies for the second one. This stage sought to analyze the degree of relevance of its strategic actions in relation to the objectives through the Fuzzy Analysis made possible by the Matlab R2012 software. Originality/Relevance: Use of a methodology not usually employed in the area of applied social sciences to understand a phenomenon with consolidated theoretical support. Results: Six latent strategic objectives were identified: improving internal controls and improving processes; restructure the company; promote the brand; be a reference in quality and sustainability; increase revenues, and; maintain or improve the technical level of employees. It was found that there are a greater number of variables concerning the external environment than the internal one, and not all the actions that the accountig service companies take are sufficiently pertinent to achieve the strategic objectives satisfactorily. Theoretical/methodological contributions: Use of complementary research methods to understand a phenomenon that, although contributing to the decision making process of organizations, is generally not implemented by accounting service companies, especially small ones.
A Média de Utilização das Estratégias pelos Programas de Stricto Sensu das Instituições do Brasil da Área de Administração Pública e de Empresas Ciências Contábeis e Turismo frente aos Cenários Prospectados para o Período de 2019 a 2030
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique César Melo , Forte Sergio Henrique Arruda Cavalcante 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo do estudo: Elencar a média na escala de utilização das estratégias dos Programas de Stricto Sensu das Instituições de Ensino Superior do Brasil da área de Administração Pública e de Empresas, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo frente aos cenários prospectados para o período de 2019 a 2030. Metodologia/abordagem: A metodologia de cenários sugerida por Blanning e Reinig. Originalidade/Relevância: A pós-graduação apresenta-se como uma necessária fonte de criação de conhecimento para atender às emergentes demandas das empresas e da sociedade, então a escolha de se estudar o setor de ensino superior, em destaque os Programas de Stricto Sensu das instituições públicas e particulares do Brasil, se deve à relevância que este setor tem para o Brasil. Sendo relevante refletir sobre as condições e contribuições atuais e o cenário futuro desejável para estas pós-graduações. Principais resultados: Quanto à utilização das estratégias por cenário, a estratégia “fomentar a qualidade das teses e das dissertações” ficou em destaque nos cenários otimista e realista; olhando para o cenário pessimista, a estratégia que ficou em relevância foi a redução de custos. Contribuições teóricas / metodológicas: É trazer em pauta estratégias que poderão viabilizar contribuições importantes para as instituições e seus respectivos programas de pós-graduação em cenários de incertezas e desafios em decorrência da competitividade. Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: A inserção social é um critério importante para a integração e cooperação dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu já existentes, maduros e ou legitimados, com outros programas e centros de estudo do Brasil, contribuindo, de maneira enfática, para o fomento de novos profissionais, sobretudo nas regiões do Brasil menos favorecidas.
Upper Limb Dexterity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Alonso Ricardo N. , Eizaguirre Maria B. , Cohen Leila , Quarracino Cecilia , Silva Berenice , Pita Maria C. , Yastremiz Cecilia , Vanotti Sandra , Garcea Orlando 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Scales to assess disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) rarely provide reliable data on actual global impairment. Upper limb dysfunction is usually overlooked, which has a negative effect on patient well-being. We sought to analyze associations among upper limb dexterity, lower limb speed, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score; the difference in upper limb dexterity between patients with EDSS scores less than 5 and 5 or greater; and the associations that upper limb dexterity, lower limb speed, and EDSS score have with health-related quality of life measurements and depression.

Methods:
A total of 140 adults with MS were evaluated using the Nine-Hole Peg Test, Timed 25-Foot Walk test, EDSS, Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life (MusiQoL) questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory. Thorough descriptive-analytical research was conducted using the Spearman correlation, multiple linear regression, and structural equation modeling.

Results:
Upper limb dexterity was more closely related to EDSS score than lower limb speed (r = 0.43 vs 0.29, R2 = 0.38) and was greatest in patients with EDSS scores less than 5 (P &lt; .01). Moreover, upper limb dexterity was negatively associated with EDSS score and the MusiQoL questionnaire (rS = −0.557 to −0.321, P &lt; .05). The correlation that depression has with upper limb dexterity loss was higher than the one it has with lower limb speed (0.098 vs 0.066, t &gt; 1.96).

Conclusions:
Upper limb dexterity is associated with global disability, depression, and health-related quality of life. We advocate for the assessment of upper limb dexterity in patients with MS to adopt a better approach to their functional impairment.
Designing Information Technology in the Postmodern Age
Authors: Coyne Richard 
Published: May 2020

Coyne examines the entire range of contemporary philosophical thinking—including logical positivism, analytic philosophy, pragmatism, phenomenology, critical theory, hermeneutics, and deconstruction—comparing them and showing how they differ in their consequences for design and development issues in electronic communications, computer representation, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and multimedia.
Designing Information Technology in the Postmodern Age puts the theoretical discussion of computer systems and information technology on a new footing. Shifting the discourse from its usual rationalistic framework, Richard Coyne shows how the conception, development, and application of computer systems is challenged and enhanced by postmodern philosophical thought. He places particular emphasis on the theory of metaphor, showing how it has more to offer than notions of method and models appropriated from science.
Coyne examines the entire range of contemporary philosophical thinking—including logical positivism, analytic philosophy, pragmatism, phenomenology, critical theory, hermeneutics, and deconstruction—comparing them and showing how they differ in their consequences for design and development issues in electronic communications, computer representation, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and multimedia. He also probes the claims made of information technology, including its presumptions of control, its so-called radicality, even its ability to make virtual worlds, and shows that many of these claims are poorly founded.
Among the writings Coyne visits are works by Heidegger, Adorno, Benjamin, Gadamer, Derrida, Habermas, Rorty, and Foucault. He relates their views to information technology designers and critics such as Herbert Simon, Alan Kay, Terry Winograd, Hubert Dreyfus, and Joseph Weizenbaum. In particular, Coyne draws extensively from the writing of Martin Heidegger, who has presented one of the most radical critiques of technology to date.
The Natural and the Normative
Authors: Hatfield Gary 
Published: May 2020

Gary Hatfield examines theories of spatial perception from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century and provides a detailed analysis of the works of Kant and Helmholtz, who adopted opposing stances on whether central questions about spatial perception were amenable to natural-scientific treatment. At stake were the proper understanding of the relationships among sensation, perception, and experience, and the proper methodological framework for investigating the mental activities of judgment, understanding, and reason issues which remain at the core of philosophical psychology and cognitive science.
Hatfield presents these important issues as living philosophies of science that shape and are shaped by actual research programs, creating a complex and fascinating picture of the entire nineteenth-century battle between nativism and empiricism. His examination of Helmholtz's work in physiological optics and epistemology is a tour de force.
Bradford Books imprint
Using phenology data to improve control of invasive plant species: A case study on Midway Atoll NWR
Authors: Taylor Robert V. , Holthuijzen Wieteke , Humphrey Ann , Posthumus Erin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract1. Restoration of degraded lands often depends on knowledge of invasive plant species’ ecology coupled with well‐timed treatments to control them. Little is known about the reproductive phenology of Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard), which is a highly invasive annual forb species at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). Efforts to control V. encelioides on Midway Atoll NWR were challenging, especially when targeted plants went to seed before being treated.2. To obtain this information, we documented the timing of key reproductive life cycle events in cohorts of V. encelioides plants on Midway Atoll NWR for 12 months beginning in August 2016; we visited these plants every 3–7 days and noted which phenophases the plants exhibited.3. We found that it took an average of 76 days for V. encelioides to transition from leaves to seed drop, although the time required varied across the year (range: 31–175 days). Accordingly, invasive plant control schedules were adjusted to re‐treat infested areas every 30 days.4. By incorporating phenology information into invasive plant control operations at Midway Atoll NWR, efforts to eradicate V. encelioides will have a higher chance of succeeding. Standardized methods, such as those from the USA National Phenology Network, provided useful tools for optimizing the timing of management practices; moreover, these data may help to better inform management of invasive plant species with regard to restoration efforts at a global scale.
Investigating split‐filter dual‐energy CT for improving liver tumor visibility for radiation therapy
Authors: DiMaso Lianna D. , Miller Jessica R. , Lawless Michael J. , Bassetti Michael F. , DeWerd Larry A. , Huang Jessie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeAccurate liver tumor delineation is crucial for radiation therapy, but liver tumor volumes are difficult to visualize with conventional single‐energy CT. This work investigates the use of split‐filter dual‐energy CT (DECT) for liver tumor visibility by quantifying contrast and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR).MethodsSplit‐filter DECT contrast‐enhanced scans of 20 liver tumors including cholangiocarcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and liver metastases were acquired. Analysis was performed on the arterial and venous phases of mixed 120 kVp‐equivalent images and VMIs at 57 keV and 40 keV gross target volume (GTV) contrast and CNR were calculated.ResultsFor the arterial phase, liver GTV contrast was 12.1 ± 10.0 HU and 43.1 ± 32.3 HU (P < 0.001) for the mixed images and 40 keV VMIs. Image noise increased on average by 116% for the 40 keV VMIs compared to the mixed images. The average CNR did not change significantly (1.6 ± 1.5, 1.7 ± 1.4, 2.4 ± 1.7 for the mixed, 57 keV and 40 keV VMIs (P > 0.141)). For individual cases, however, CNR increases of up to 607% were measured for the 40 keV VMIs compared to the mixed image. Venous phase 40 keV VMIs demonstrated an average increase of 35.4 HU in GTV contrast and 121% increase in image noise. Average CNR values were also not statistically different, but for individual cases CNR increases of up to 554% were measured for the 40 keV VMIs compared to the mixed image.ConclusionsLiver tumor contrast was significantly improved using split‐filter DECT 40 keV VMIs compared to mixed images. On average, there was no statistical difference in CNR between the mixed images and VMIs, but for individual cases, CNR was greatly increased for the 57 keV and 40 keV VMIs. Therefore, although not universally successful for our patient cohort, split‐filter DECT VMIs may provide substantial gains in tumor visibility of certain liver cases for radiation therapy treatment planning.
Additive Functionalization and Embroidery for Manufacturing Wearable and Washable Textile Supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Qiyao , Wang Dongrui , Hu Hong , Shang Jian , Chang Jian , Xie Chuan , Yang Yu , Lepró Xavier , Baughman Ray H. , Zheng Zijian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectronic textiles require rechargeable power sources that are highly integrated with textiles and garments, thereby providing outstanding durability and washability. In contrast, present power sources fabricated using conventional ex situ strategies are difficult to integrate with clothing and can degrade during garment washing. Here, a new manufacturing strategy named additive functionalization and embroidery manufacturing (AFEM) is reported, which enables textile‐based supercapacitors (TSCs) to be directly fabricated on woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics. The additive principle of AFEM allows developing TSCs with different types of electrode materials, device architectures, pattern designs, and array connections. High‐machine‐speed, programmable‐design industrial embroidering equipment is used to fabricate TSCs with high areal energy storage and power capabilities, which are retained during many cycles of severe mechanical deformation and industrial laundering with waterproof encapsulation.
Anodization for Simplified Processing and Efficient Charge Transport in Vertical Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Lim Kyung‐Geun , Guo Erjuan , Fischer Axel , Miao Qian , Leo Karl , Kleemann Hans 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVertical organic transistors are an attractive alternative to realize short channel transistors, which are required for powerful electronic devices and flexible electronic circuits operating at high frequencies. Unfortunately, the vertical device architecture comes along with an increased device fabrication complexity, limiting the potential of this technology for application. A new design of vertical organic field‐effect transistors (VOFETs) with superior electrical performance and simplified processing is reported. By using electrochemical oxidized aluminum oxide (AlOx) as a pseudo self‐aligned charge‐blocking structure in vertical organic transistors, direct leakage current between the source and drain can be effectively suppressed, enabling VOFETs with very low off‐current levels despite the short channel length. The anodization technique is easy to apply and can be surprisingly used on both n‐type and p‐type organic semiconductor thin films with significant signs of degradation. Hence, the anodization technique enables a simplified process of high‐performance p‐type and n‐type VOFETs, paving the road toward complementary circuits made of vertical transistors.
Direct Pyrolysis of Supermolecules: An Ultrahigh Edge‐Nitrogen Doping Strategy of Carbon Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Yin Jian , Sun Minglei , Wang Wenxi , Chen Cailing , Altunkaya Mustafa , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Han Yu , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost reported carbonaceous anodes of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have limited capacities. One approach to improve the performance of carbon anodes is edge‐nitrogen doping, which effectively enhances the K‐ion adsorption energy. It remains challenging to achieve high edge‐nitrogen doping due to the difficulty in controlling the nitrogen dopant configuration. Herein, a new synthesis strategy is proposed to prepare carbon anodes with ultrahigh edge‐nitrogen doping for high‐performance PIBs. Specifically, self‐assembled supermolecule precursors derived from pyromellitic acid and melamine are directly pyrolyzed. During the pyrolysis process, the amidation and imidization reactions between pyromellitic acid and melamine before carbonization enable the successful carbonization of pyromellitic acid–melamine supermolecule. The obtained 3D nitrogen‐doped turbostratic carbon (3D‐NTC) possesses a 3D framework composed of carbon nanosheets, turbostratic crystalline structure, and an ultrahigh edge‐nitrogen‐doping level up to 16.8 at% (73.7% of total 22.8 at% nitrogen doping). These features endow 3D‐NTCs with remarkable performances as PIB anodes. The 3D‐NTC anode displays a high capacity of 473 mAh g−1, robust rate capability, and a long cycle life of 500 cycles with a high capacity retention of 93.1%. This new strategy will boost the development of carbon anodes for rechargeable alkali‐metal‐ion batteries.
Ultralow Optical and Electrical Losses via Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching of Antireflective Nanograss in Conductive Mesh Electrodes
Authors: Kim Kyunghwan , Ki Bugeun , Bong Haekyun , Choi Keorock , Oh Jungwoo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVarious types of anti‐reflective technologies are capable of increasing the light absorption of optical devices. The electrical conductivity of the collected carriers must also be increased for efficient photoelectric conversion. However, increasing the front electrode area reduces the amount of light absorption, causing shading and resistive losses to conflict in front‐illuminated devices. In this study, a low‐reflectance surface and high‐conductance electrode for Schottky photodiodes are fabricated using metal‐assisted chemical etching (MacEtch). Si nanograss (SiNG) and Ag‐mesh formed via MacEtch serve as a subwavelength surface and buried electrodes, respectively. SiNG increases light absorption without causing shading loss, while the buried Ag‐mesh considerably improves electrical conductivity. The SiNG/Ag‐mesh structure exhibits a solar weighted reflectance of 1.20% and a sheet resistance of 5.48 Ω □−1. The SiNG/Ag‐mesh Schottky photodiode exhibits an external quantum efficiency of 89.5% at a wavelength of 860 nm and an internal photoemission effect in the sub‐band gap. The self‐organized SiNG/Ag‐mesh, fabricated through a simple wet‐etching method, simultaneously addresses the issues of optical and electrical losses, enabling the application of this technique to a wide range of optoelectronic devices.