bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Silicon Anode for All-Solid-State Thin-Film Secondary Battery
Authors: Suzuki Akiyoshi , Sasaki Shunsuke , Jimbo Takehito 
Published: February 2020

Thin-film batteries (TFBs) are produced by thin-film deposition technology which has special advantages that are not only intrinsically safe as their being all-solid-state but also thin, small, lightweight, and flexible [1], and also have the features such as low self-discharge and long cycle-life. As MEMS and high-density packaging technology grows, the device size becomes smaller and there is a growing demand for miniaturized devices with stand-alone power supply supported by TFBs and energy harvesting devices [2, 3]. However, Li metal that is commonly used as anode in TFBs, has low melting point as around 180 deg.C and cannot be employed for packaging process that include solder reflow, epoxy molding, and even through-silicon via (TSV). Si is promising anode material due to high specific capacity and low electrode potential, but there are the issuers such as low resistance and electrode breakage due to drastic volume change during cycles.
In our previous work, TFBs with high-temperature tolerance was fabricated by all sputtering; Pt/Ti as cathode current collector, 3μm-thick-LiCoO2 with post-annealed at around 600 deg.C as cathode, 2 μm-thick-LiPON as solid electrolyte, 600 nm-thick-Si1-xTix (x=0, 0.03, and 0.12) as anode, and Ni as anode current collector [4], and finally completed by encapsulation with UV curable resin and inorganic lid. The active area of fabricated TFBs was 1.4 mm2. Ti which is inactive material against Li, was used as dopant for not only mitigating mechanical stress but also decreasing resistivity. Cycling was performed between 2.5 and 4.1 V with standard current rate condition, and cycle performance resulted well during 100 cycles. In this work, microstructure of Si-Ti alloy film was adjusted by changing sputtering condition such as process pressure and gas species. Figure 1 shows cross-sectional SEM image of each Si1-xTix films. The effect of Si1-xTix anode microstructure on electrochemical and cycle performance of full cell will be discussed.

References

[1] T. Jimbo, P. Kim, and K. Suu, Production technology for thin-film lithium secondary battery, Energy Procedia, 14, 1574-1579 (2012).
[2] M. Fojtik, D. Kim, G. Chen, Y. S. Lin, D. Fick, J. Park, M. Seok, M. T. Chen, Z. Foo, D. Blaauw, and D. Sylverster, A millimeter-scale energy-autonomous sensor system with stacked battery and solor cells, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 48 (no. 3), 801-813 (2013).
[3] T. Kuriyama, A. Suzuki, Y. Okamoto, I. Kimura, Y. Morikawa, and Y. Mita, A micromachined all-solid on-chip thin-film battery towards uninterruptible photovoltaic cells, 2018 Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS and MOEMS (DTIP), 153-156 (2018).
[4] A. Suzuki, S. Sasaki, and T. Jimbo, Development of All-solid-state Thin-film Secondary Battery for MEMS and IoT Device, The 18th International Conference on PowerMEMS 2018, Proceedings, T5A-03 (2018).

Figure 1
(Invited) Understanding of the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Different Sulfur Electrode Porosities
Authors: Kang Ning , Lin Yuxiao , Yang Li , Cai Mei 
Published: February 2020

Li-S battery is widely considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation energy storage devices due to its high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, the actual performance of the whole Li-S battery is highly impacted by the structure of cathode materials and the amount of electrolyte.
In this talk, the performance of Li-S battery was studied based on different cathode porosities (40% ~ 70 %). It was shown that the two discharging plateaus were both affected as the porosity is lower than 50%. The capacity of the first plateau around 2.4 V was shortened while the voltage in the second plateau around 2.1 V was highly depressed, leading to a lower energy density.
To further understand the design limitations, a combined experimental and modeling approach was utilized to determine the limiting factor in each plateau and predict the relationship between energy density and porosity. It was revealed that the first plateau was mainly limited by the amount of soluble polysulfide while the second plateau was limited by the surface area of the carbon matrix. Since a decreased porosity would have a negative influence on both limiting factors, an optimal porosity is predicted for maximum energy density. A consistency between modeling prediction and experimental observation was obtained, suggesting the validation of this model.
Quenching Cathode Electrolyte Interphase on Ni-Rich Cathode Materials for Preventing Short Circuit Problem in Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Fu-Ming 
Published: February 2020

In January 2017, Samsung announced the reason why the Note 7 explodes and losses of more than 5 billion US dollar. According to their explanations, it was caused by the internal short circuit problem in the lithium ion battery. Currently, there is no effectively solution for eliminating the internal short circuit problem owing to the sudden accident.
In this research, a new technology has been developed, which can be used to terminate the thermal runaway and promise the safety performance of lithium ion battery. High voltage Li-excess and Ni-rich layer-type cathode material is employed and combined with this safety electrode additive for investigation. In terms of the results, the new technology LIVING@additive significantly enhances the cycle performance at 60oC and high voltage. In addition, the following figures illustrated that the battery containing LIVING@technology is stable and passed the nail penetration test. On the other hand, the battery without LIVING@ cannot be used when the short problem is taking place. The LIVING@contains self-polymerized hyper branch structure in order to insulate the directly contact between anode and cathode. This electrode additive not only provides high thermal stability on electrochemical reaction, but the columbic efficiency of charge-discharge is also enhanced.
Keywords: Lithium ion battery, safety, cathode electrolyte interphase, Ni-rich
Graphene Based Composite Fiber for Wearable Supercapacitor and Li Ion Battery
Authors: Yu Aiping 
Published: February 2020

Graphene fibers (GF) have received great interest in wearable electronics applications because of their excellent mechanical flexibility and superior electrical conductivity. Herein, an all-in-one graphene and MnO2 composite hybrid supercapacitor fiber device has been developed. The unique coaxial design of this device facilitates large-scale production while avoiding the risk of short circuiting. The core backbone of the device consists of GF that not only provides mechanical stability but also ensures fast electron transfer during charge−discharge. The introduction of a MnO2 (200 nm in length) hierarchical nanostructured film enhanced the pseudocapacitance dramatically compared to the graphene-only device in part because of the abundant number of active sites in contact with the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/H3PO4 electrolyte.
The entire device exhibits outstanding mechanical strength as well as good electrocapacitive performance with a volumetric capacitance of 29.6 F cm−3 at 2 mv s−1. The capacitance of the device did not fade under bending from 0° to 150°, while the capacitance retention of 93% was observed after 1000 cycles. These unique features make this device a promising candidate for applications in wearable fabric supercapacitors. Furthermore, the materials were applied to fabricate Li ion battery and the initial data is promising and more analysis is underway.
How Do Li-S Electrolytes with Reduced Polysulfide Solubility Work – an Impedance Spectroscopy Investigation
Authors: Drvarič Talian Sara , Johansson Patrik , Gaberscek Miran , Dominko Robert 
Published: February 2020

Use of fluorinated ether (TFEE) based electrolyte in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries enables high-energy Li–S cells at low electrolyte loading by significantly reducing the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon. The molecular level origin for the change in polysulfide solubility was found to be poor Li+ ion solvation ability of the fluorinated ethers as analyzed by COSMO-RS computations for several electrolytes.1

There are still several questions open about the mechanism of operation of such cells. How is impedance and its limitations different from the conventional polysulfide solvating electrolytes? Which process during the operation of such cells is the bottle-neck for cell performance? What is the mechanism of Li2S deposition? Is lithium stripping and deposition limited by the poor Li+ ion solvation ability?
In order to understand the cell performance with TFEE electrolyte, an impedance spectroscopy study was conducted on simplified cell geometry model systems. The basic principles elucidated through that approach were then used to understand the workings of the conventional mesoporous carbon cathode cell setup. Charge transfer reaction and diffusion contributions were evaluated and the change due to Li2S deposition analyzed. Finally, Li metal stripping and deposition analysis was performed, which showed beneficial effects of the fluorinated solvent on the SEI.
References:

1 S. Drvarič Talian, S. Jeschke, A. Vizintin, K. Pirnat, I. Arčon, G. Aquilanti, P. Johansson, R. Dominko, Chem. Mater. 29 (2017) 10037–10044.

Figure 1
Unraveling the SEI Mystery of Cis/Trans-Butylene Carbonate
Authors: Miyazaki Kasumi , Takenaka Norio , Fujie Takuya , Watanabe Eriko , Yamada Yuki , Yamada Atsuo , Nagaoka Masataka 
Published: February 2020

A solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film is a key to stable battery performance. Of particular importance in designing SEI is in its strong dependence on electrolyte solvent. The most representative example is the distinct difference between ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC); EC-based electrolytes have ability to form good SEI film on graphite anode surface, while PC-based electrolytes do not, in spite of their slight difference (only one additional methyl group) in a molecular level. A similar relationship to the phenomena called “EC-PC mystery” was found in other cyclic carbonates: trans-butylene carbonate (t-BC, reversible with SEI) and cis-butylene carbonate (c-BC, irreversible without SEI),1,2 where the difference in single molecule is even smaller found just in cis-trans geometries.
To unveil the mystery, details of SEI film formation processes on the graphite anode were simulated by Red Moon (RM) method,3–5 with interface models and hypothetical essential elementary chemical reactions as shown in the figure. We found that the SEI film formed in c-BC-based electrolyte contains less number of dimerized products Li2(BC)2, a primary component of good SEI film, and can cause lower stability of the film. As an origin of the reduced dimerization in c-BC, we identified larger solvation energy of c-BC to the intermediate LiBC and its smaller diffusion constant, which largely diminishes the LiBC-LiBC collision frequency. More details on contribution of each elementary steps will be discussed in the poster.
References
[1] Chung, G.-C. et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 2000, 147 (12), 4391–4398, [2] Chung, G.-C., J. Power Sources 2002, 104, 7–12, [3] Fujie, T. et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2018, 149 (4), 44113, [4] Takenaka, N. et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118 (20), 10874–10882, [5] Nagaoka, M. et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 2013, 583, 80–86.

Figure 1
Crystal Engineering Coupled with Theoretical Approach Toward Facet, Interface-Controlled All Solid-State Electrode
Authors: Teshima Katsuya , Yamada Tetsuya , Zettsu Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2020

Lithium ion secondary batteries (LIBs) have been widely used as energy-storage system for variety of power devices. It is necessary to further develop LIBs toward high-functional devices, such as electric vehicles and mobile electronics. Nowadays, all solid-state LIBs have been much interested because of a variety of potential advantage, including energy densities, cost, size, safety, and operating temperature. However, there are serious problems to be solved toward practical uses. For example, diffusion of lithium ions at interface between different solid materials, including active materials and electrolytes, is still poor to operate charge/discharge in batteries. Our group has studied high-quality crystals for applications as energy and environmental materials by using a flux method. Flux method is a nature-mimetic liquid-phase crystal growth technique. Fluxes accord to salts, which work as solvent at temperature over their melting and / or eutectic points. By using fluxes, it is possible to construct specific crystal-growth field at any temperature with facile setup, and give designed crystals regarding to shape, including crystal faces, which has never achieved using other methods like solid state reaction.
Recently, we have applied the flux method to battery materials to create “all-crystal (solid)-state LIBs”. We have expected that flux crystal growth gave (I) crystal-shape control of active materials, (II) construction of good interfaces in electrodes among cathodes, solid electrolytes, and anodes. The second topics would be possible if electrode materials can be dissolved and densely recrystallized on their surfaces. As a result, smooth ionic transportation through bulks and their interfaces would be realized in all-crystal (solid)-state LIBs. Our concept using flux method would provide new aspect to lead an innovation in all solid state LIBs as next-generation energy storage. In the presentation, the details of interfacial and crystal designs of a variety of battery materials will be introduced, coupled with their crystallographic, ionic, and battery properties.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR1322 in Japan and Program for Building Regional Innovation Ecosystems of MEXT.
In Situ Characterization of Si-Based Anodes By Coupling Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography and Diffraction
Authors: Vanpeene Victor , King Andrew , Maire Eric , Roué Lionel 
Published: February 2020

In the present work, combined synchrotron X-ray tomography/diffraction analyses are performed along the 1st and 10th cycles of a Si-based anode [1]. An electrode volume of 943 × 943 × 208 µm3 is imaged with a voxel size of 0.65 µm. The electrode is made with nanocrystalline/amorphous Si particles synthetized by ball-milling as active material, a porous C paper as a current collector instead of a conventional Cu foil and graphene nanoplatelets as a conductive additive instead of usual carbon black. It is shown that this specific formulation has a major impact on the structural changes of the electrode occurring upon cycling by (i) preventing its macroscopic cracking and related electrical disconnections, (ii) limiting its volume expansion and improving its reversibility, indicative of limited permanent damage in the electrode architecture, (iii) preventing the formation of c-Li15Si4 which is known to be detrimental for the electrode cyclability. However, the capacity fade with cycling remains significant. It can result from the accumulation of SEI products with cycling, progressively obstructing the porous network of the electrode, as supported by a significant decrease of the electrode porosity between the 1st and 10th cycle. The displacement and/or micro-cracking of the Si particles can also induce some electrical disconnections and irreversibility of the lithiation reaction. However, this degradation process occurring at the particle scale cannot be clearly identified from the present in-situ XRCT measurements due to spatial resolution limitation.
[1] V. Vanpeene, A. King, E. Maire, L. Roué. In situ
characterization of Si-based anodes by coupling synchrotron X-ray tomography and diffraction. Nano Energy 56 (2019) 799-812

Figure 1
Dynamic Electrochemistry of Polyaniline Nanoparticle Dispersions
Authors: Gramaglia Romina , Miras Maria Cristina , Bruno Mariano M , Barbero Cesar Alfredo 
Published: February 2020

Solid electroactive nanoparticles could be electrochemically oxidized/reduced at solid electrodes, transferring large amounts of charge. Therefore, concentrated dispersions of particles could be used in flow batteries. [1] While an extensive experimental and theoretical work has been made on the electrochemistry of single small nanoparticles (nanoimpact regime)[2], the dynamic electrochemical behavior of large ensembles of electroactive nanoparticles has not been studied. In the present work we describe the experimental study of different dispersions of polyaniline nanoparticles. Polyaniline is a well-known material for conventional batteries.[3] It is shown that nanoparticle adsorption occurs in glassy carbon electrodes. Besides, the charging/discharging of the nanoparticle dispersion is controlled by the combined effect of the nanoparticle diffusion in the electrolyte (which controls the residence time in contact with the electrode) and the charge diffusion inside the nanoparticle (which control the single particle charging/discharging). While small nanoparticles can be changed in a short time, the residence time is also limited due to the larger diffusion coefficient. Therefore, a maximum efficiency of conversion is observed. Moreover, the conversion efficiency could be increased by increasing the viscosity of the electrolytes. On the other hand, the efficiency could be largely increased by introducing a redox mediator which shuttle the charge between the dispersed nanoparticles and the solid electrode.
The relevance of the rate of charging/discharging towards the flow battery applications will be discussed.
References

Z. Qi and G.M. Koenig, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. 35, 40801:1-27, 2017.

E. Katelhon, et al, J. Phys. Chem. C. 120, 17029-17034, 2016 and refs therein.

C. Barbero, et al, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 1775-1783, 1994.
(Invited) Evolution of the Electrode−Electrolyte Interface of Ni-Rich Layered Oxides
Authors: Piper Louis F.J. 
Published: February 2020

Commercial high capacity lithium ion batteries employ Ni-rich layered oxides (derived from LiCoO2) as cathodes with practical capacities of ~190 mA h g-1. However, the practical capacity is still far below the theoretical capacity of layered structures which can exceed 250 mA h g-1. Reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interfaces (CEI) are known to contribute to capacity fade and impedance growth particularly when cycling to high voltages (≥4.5 V) and at high temperatures. The capacity fade and impedance growth arise from a combination of electrolyte decomposition, surface oxygen loss, and transition metal dissolution resulting from reactions at the CEI.
I will summarize a range of spectroscopy, microscopy, transport studies of model systems under thermal and electrochemical stress that provide insight into what drives the evolution of the CEI layer and how it impacts the battery performance.[1-5] These studies reveal how the negative aspects of the CEI can be suppressed in order to reduce the gap between practical and theoretical capacities.
This work was supported as part of NECCES, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DESC0012583
[1] Journal of The Electrochemical Society (Editor’s Choice), 164, A3727-A3741 (2017)
[2] Chemistry of Materials 29, 7345–7352 (2017)
[3] Langmuir 33, 9333–9353 (2017)
[4] Applied Physics Letters 108, 263902 (2016)
[5] Chemistry of Materials, 30 958–969 (2018)
Dendrite Prevention in Li metal Anodes with Polymer and Ceramic Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Srinivasan Venkat , Barai Pallab , Higa Kenneth 
Published: February 2020

With the resurgence of interest in lithium metal anodes, the long-standing problem of dendrite prevention has once again gained popularity as a research focus. There is significant debate as to the actual cause of dendrite growth with different mechanisms observed in polymer and ceramic cells, and different morphologies observed when changing operating conditions.
Over the last year, we have been developing mathematical methods that combine electrochemical effects (kinetics, mass transfer and ohmic) with mechanical interactions (elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and fracture) to understanding the role of material properties and operating conditions on dendrite growth. We have used this model to examine dendrite formation in polymer electrolytes, both single-ion conducting and non-single-ion conducting. In addition, we have been examining the formation of dendrites in ceramic materials.
This talk will use this combined electrochemical/mechanical approach to provide insights into the cause of dendrite formation in polymer electrolytes, the effect of changing operating conditions like current density, the effect of pressure, and the effect of changing material mechanical and transport properties. We also examine the impact of grain boundaries on dendrite formation in ceramics and provide insights into the challenges that need to be solved to enable this system.
Effect of Anion on the Quantum Capacitance of Graphene Cathode in Lithium Ion Capacitor: A DFT Study
Authors: Su Fangyuan , Chen Chengmeng 
Published: February 2020

Lithium ion capacitor (LIC) is a kind of electrochemical energy storage device that can combine the power property of a supercapacitor and the energy property of a lithium ion battery simultaneously [1]. Graphene is widely employed as cathode because it can provide excellent capacitance, as well as constructing an effective conducting network [2, 3]. However, the detail understandings of electrode/electrolyte interface in graphene-based LIC is still limited.
Based on our previous results, graphene with single vacant defect or pyridinic and pyrrolic doped N atom show much higher quantum capacitance (QC) than the pristine one [4]. This difference can be attributed to the presence of reactive σ state near the Fermi level, which is from the C or N atoms around the defect region. However, when it comes to the real LIC system, reactions may occur between the electrolyte and those reactive atoms in graphene cathode. Therefore, the presence of electrolyte will disturb the density of states (DOS) of graphene-based cathode, and hence the QC and the energy storage ability will vary accordingly. In this work, the interaction between the anion in the electrolyte and graphene cathode with high QC is investigated using First Principle calculation. The results suggest that the defect states of graphene cathode can enhance the adsorption energy towards anion, and hence the QC and electrical double layer (EDL) structure is different with that of pristine graphene cathode. Furthermore, this interaction also decrease the stability of the anion in electrolyte. The results from this work would help to further develop high energy graphene-based LIC and shed some light on its capacity fading mechanisms.
Reference:
[1] Cericola, et al., Electrochim. Acta, 72(2012), 1.
[2] Chen, et al., Energ Environ Sci, 6(2013), 1623.
[3] Yu, et al., Nano Energy, 15(2015), 43.
[4] Su, et al., Catalysts 8(2018,) 444