bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-1/206 downregulates splicing factor Srsf9 to promote C2C12 differentiation
Authors: Bjorkman Kristen K. , Buvoli Massimo , Pugach Emily K. , Polmear Michael M. , Leinwand Leslie A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Myogenesis is driven by specific changes in the transcriptome that occur during the different stages of muscle differentiation. In addition to controlled transcriptional transitions, several other post-transcriptional mechanisms direct muscle differentiation. Both alternative splicing and miRNA activity regulate gene expression and production of specialized protein isoforms. Importantly, disruption of either process often results in severe phenotypes as reported for several muscle diseases. Thus, broadening our understanding of the post-transcriptional pathways that operate in muscles will lay the foundation for future therapeutic interventions.

Methods
We employed bioinformatics analysis in concert with the well-established C2C12 cell system for predicting and validating novel miR-1 and miR-206 targets engaged in muscle differentiation. We used reporter gene assays to test direct miRNA targeting and studied C2C12 cells stably expressing one of the cDNA candidates fused to a heterologous, miRNA-resistant 3′ UTR. We monitored effects on differentiation by measuring fusion index, myotube area, and myogenic gene expression during time course differentiation experiments.

Results
Gene ontology analysis revealed a strongly enriched set of putative miR-1 and miR-206 targets associated with RNA metabolism. Notably, the expression levels of several candidates decreased during C2C12 differentiation. We discovered that the splicing factor Srsf9 is a direct target of both miRNAs during myogenesis. Persistent Srsf9 expression during differentiation impaired myotube formation and blunted induction of the early pro-differentiation factor myogenin as well as the late differentiation marker sarcomeric myosin, Myh8.

Conclusions
Our data uncover novel miR-1 and miR-206 cellular targets and establish a functional link between the splicing factor Srsf9 and myoblast differentiation. The finding that miRNA-mediated clearance of Srsf9 is a key myogenic event illustrates the coordinated and sophisticated interplay between the diverse components of the gene regulatory network.
Analysis of preferences of agro-pastoralists for the attributes of traction dromedaries in harness cultivation: A case study of the Koro district of Mali
Authors: Traoré Bakary , Govoeyi Benoit , Hamadou Issa , Geda Fikremariam , Touré Abdoulaye , Ouologuem Bara , Leroy Pascal , Antoine-Moussiaux Nicolas , Moula Nassim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize agro-pastoralists’ preferences in dromedary rearing in the Koro district of Mali, which has experienced a decade of spontaneous development in using dromedaries for harnessed cultivation. Five criteria for assessment of dromedary types used for traction were identified through nine focus group discussions. The assessment criteria developed and estimated rates were the morphological characteristics (23.2%), disease resistance (14.1%), work attitude (26.3%), colour of the coat (25.3%) and docility (11.1%). A multi-attribute analysis method was applied with 115 dromedary owners. Conditional logit was used to estimate utility function and willingness to pay (WTP) for different attributes. Work attitude seems to be an important parameter for decision-making with a WTP amounting to 558.94 euros (614.94 USD). Disease resistance comes second position in decision-making for the selection of dromedaries, with a WTP of 348.77 euros (383.40 USD). To a lesser extent, the white coat with a WTP in the order of 54.45 euros (59.86 USD) intervenes in agro-pastoral decision-making. The agro-pastoralists have a strong reluctance for the dark brown coat. In conclusion, the present results showed that further studies should be conducted on materials and traction technologies to promote harnessed cultivation by dromedaries to preserve and strengthen the multi-functional nature of the dromedary.
Rhinovirus species and tonsillar immune responses
Authors: Mikola Emilia , Palomares Oscar , Turunen Riitta , Waris Matti , Ivaska Lotta E. , Silvoniemi Antti , Puhakka Tuomo , Rückert Beate , Vuorinen Tytti , Akdis Mübeccel , Akdis Cezmi A. , Jartti Tuomas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Rhinovirus A and C infections are important contributors to asthma induction and exacerbations. No data exist on the interaction of local immune responses in rhinovirus infection. Therefore, we aimed to determine the tonsillar immune responses according to rhinovirus A, B and C infections.

Methods
We collected tonsillar samples, nasopharyngeal aspirates and peripheral blood from 42 rhinovirus positive tonsillectomy patients. Fifteen respiratory viruses or their types were investigated from nasopharynx and tonsil tissue, and rhinovirus species were typed. The expression of 10 cytokines and 4 transcription factors (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-28, IL-29, IL-37, TGF-β, FOXP3, GATA3, RORC2 and Tbet) were studied from tonsil tissue by quantitative PCR. A standard questionnaire of respiratory symptoms and health was filled by the patient or his/her guardian. The patients were divided into three groups by the determination of rhinovirus species.

Results
Overall, 16 patients had rhinovirus A, 12 rhinovirus B and 14 rhinovirus C infection. In rhinovirus B positive group there were significantly less men (P = 0.0072), less operated in spring (P = 0.0096) and more operated in fall (P = 0.030) than in rhinovirus A or C groups. Rhinovirus A positive patients had more respiratory symptoms (P = 0.0074) and particularly rhinitis (P = 0.036) on the operation day. There were no significant differences between the groups in virus codetection. In adjusted analysis, rhinovirus C infections were associated with increased IFN-α (P = 0.045) and decreased RORC2 expression (P = 0.025).

Conclusions
Rhinovirus species associated differently with clinical characteristics and tonsillar cytokine responses.
Nine types of recommendations, guidelines and policies: an exploratory test of a proposed typology of physical activity promotion documents
Authors: Gelius Peter , Messing Sven , Abu-Omar Karim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The field of physical activity abounds with recommendations, guidelines, action plans and other documents published by experts, organizations and institutions at the national and international level. However, working with these documents is difficult since similar names (e.g. “recommendations”) may be used to label substantially different contents, while identical topics may hide behind different monikers (e.g. “guidelines” and “strategy”).

Methods
We built on an existing framework conceptualizing categories of physical activity evidence and on the Doern continuum for policy instruments to develop a nine-field matrix that classifies physical activity-related publications based on their evidence type and degree of coercion. We used a selection of eleven physical activity documents to perform an exploratory test of the functions and utility of the typology.

Results
Placing central physical activity documents into the typology shows that recommendations, guidelines, and policies are found across the entire matrix, regardless of their denomination. It also suggests that some documents transcend boundaries between types by falling into more than one category, and that some categories may be underrepresented in current physical activity promotion.

Conclusions
A typology to classify physical activity guidelines, recommendations, and policies can help us acquire a better overview of the landscape of existing physical activity documents than simple distinctions based on document names. It may guide both current initiatives and future development work in the field. It could also serve as a point of departure for future research, as conducting systematic overviews of the literature based on this typology may help reveal important gaps in current physical activity promotion.
Predictors for vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium transforming from colonization to infection: a case control study
Authors: Chen Pao-Yu , Chuang Yu-Chung , Wang Jann-Tay , Sheng Wang-Huei , Chen Yee-Chun , Chang Shan-Chwen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Little is known about risk factors for subsequent infections among vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) colonizers, especially characterized by concordant pulsotypes (CP) of paired colonization and infection-related isolates.

Methods
This case-control study was conducted at a teaching hospital between 2011 and 2014. Targeted patients received active surveillance culture for VREfm by anal swabs at admission. Cases were those who developed VREfm infection within 180 days after colonization of VREfm. Controls were those colonized with VREfm without subsequent VREfm infection. CP were defined by similarities ≥86.7% using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis between paired colonization and infection-related isolates.

Results
Ninety-seven cases and 194 controls were enrolled. By conditional multivariable logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for subsequent infection among VREfm colonizers were intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.32; 95% CI, 3.61–24.02), receipt of central venous catheters (CVC) (aOR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.30–8.82), and utilization of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (aOR, 4.06; 95% CI, 1.79–9.20, and aOR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.85– 10.29, respectively) (all P ≤ 0.01). Fifty-six (57.7%) of case patients belonged to the CP group, which were associated with ICU admission (aOR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.38–10.13), and infection developing within 30 days after colonization (aOR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.25–8.91).

Conclusions
Among VREfm colonizers, being admitted to ICU and receiving CVC or broad spectrum cephalosporins, were the risk factors for subsequent infections. These findings highlight the importance of conducting more strict infection control measures on specific groups of VREfm colonizers.
Unpacking Trial Offers and Low Accrual Rates: A Qualitative Analysis of Clinic Visits With Physicians and Patients Potentially Eligible for a Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial
Authors: Hamel Lauren M. , Dougherty David W. , Albrecht Terrance L. , Wojda Mark , Jordan Alice , Moore Tanina F. , Senft Nicole , Carducci Michael , Heath Elisabeth I. , Manning Mark A. , Penner Louis A. , Kim Seongho , Eggly Susan 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE: Cancer clinical trial accrual rates are low, and information about contributing factors is needed. We examined video-recorded clinical interactions to identify circumstances under which patients potentially eligible for a trial at a major cancer center were offered a trial. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative directed content analysis of 62 recorded interactions with physicians (n = 13) and patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer (n = 43). Patients were screened and potentially eligible for a trial. We observed and coded the interactions in 3 steps: (1) classification of all interactions as explicit offer, offer pending, trial discussed/not offered, or trial not discussed; (2) in interactions with no explicit offer, classification of whether the cancer had progressed; (3) in interactions classified as progression but no trial offered, identification of factors discussed that may explain the lack of an offer. RESULTS: Of the 62 interactions, 29% were classified as explicit offer, 12% as offer pending, 18% as trial discussed/not offered, and 39% as trial not discussed. Of those with no offer, 57% included information that the cancer had not progressed. In 68% of the remaining interactions with patients whose cancer had progressed but did not receive an offer, reasons for the lack of offer were identified, but in 32%, no explanation was provided. CONCLUSION: Even in optimal circumstances, few patients were offered a trial, often because their cancer had not progressed. Findings support professional recommendations to broaden trial inclusion criteria. Findings suggest accrual rates should reflect the proportion of eligible patients who enroll.
Dialectic ofIjtihad
Authors: Landry Jean-Michel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the problem of gender-based custody allocation has sparked intense mobilization across the Middle East. In Lebanon, Sunni and Shi‘i citizens led two parallel campaigns to modify the sharia-derived norms enforced in custody disputes. Their efforts produced perplexing results: while Sunnis extended the duration of maternal custody, the Shi‘a failed to bring about even a modicum of change to judiciary practice. This essay argues that understanding this difference in outcomes requires shifting the analytical focus away from religious doctrines and codification issues and toward the political apparatuses in which Islamic jurisprudences are embedded. Drawing on ethnographic research, Landry asks how the secular state helps construct the religious laws applied in its family courts. In pursuing this question, he shows that under current conditions, judges' practice of ijtihad (scripture-based reasoning) often hinders legal change instead of facilitating it.
Drivers across the Desert
Authors: Koyagi Mikiya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines the making and unmaking of an infrastructural system in the Indo-Iranian borderlands, an area that is often overlooked in an area studies paradigm. In particular, it focuses on the infrastructural network that developed following World War I with the Iranian border town of Dozdab/Zahedan as a nodal point. The article explores two interrelated issues. First, it looks at the role of British strategic interests in shaping infrastructural development, which significantly influenced the direction and kind of movement promoted in the borderlands. Second, through the case of the rise and decline of Sikh migrant communities in eastern Iran, it examines how the borderlands came into being in the absence of strong state authorities. It argues that the prosperity of Sikh migrants depended on the new infrastructural system, which in turn depended on the precarious codependency between the Iranian state, the British authorities, and Sikh drivers and traders. During the 1920s, despite the British and Iranian ambivalence toward border crossers, Sikhs thrived while participating in global networks of Indian anticolonialists. Albeit temporarily, they managed to invite the interventions of competing state authorities as they saw fit, illustrating how erratic narratives marked the emergence of territorialized nation-states in the borderlands.
Outcomes following total elbow arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis versus post-traumatic conditions
Authors: Wang Jou-Hua , Ma Hsuan-Hsiao , Chou Te-Feng A. , Tsai Shang-Wen , Chen Cheng-Fong , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming 
Published: December 2019

Aims The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the outcome of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) undertaken for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with TEA performed for post-traumatic conditions with regard to implant failure, functional outcome, and perioperative complications. Materials and Methods We completed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nine cohort studies investigated the outcome of TEA between RA and post-traumatic conditions. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)) guidelines and Newcastle-Ottawa scale were applied to assess the quality of the included studies. We assessed three major outcome domains: implant failures (including aseptic loosening, septic loosening, bushing wear, axle failure, component disassembly, or component fracture); functional outcomes (including arc of range of movement, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire), and perioperative complications (including deep infection, intraoperative fracture, postoperative fracture, and ulnar neuropathy). Results This study included a total of 679 TEAs for RA (n = 482) or post-traumatic conditions (n = 197). After exclusion, all of the TEAs included in this meta-analysis were cemented with linked components. Our analysis demonstrated that the RA group was associated with a higher risk of septic loosening after TEA (odds ratio (OR) 3.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 14.12), while there was an increased risk of bushing wear, axle failure, component disassembly, or component fracture in the post-traumatic group (OR 4.72, 95% CI 2.37 to 9.35). A higher MEPS (standardized mean difference 0.634, 95% CI 0.379 to 0.890) was found in the RA group. There were no significant differences in arc of range of movement, DASH questionnaire, and risk of aseptic loosening, deep infection, perioperative fracture, or ulnar neuropathy. Conclusion The aetiology of TEA surgery appears to have an impact on the outcome in terms of specific modes of implant failures. RA patients might have a better functional outcome after TEA surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1489–1497
The house of pain and the insect politician: Surveillance and the body in The Fly and The Island of Dr. Moreau
Authors: Riede Austin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
David Cronenberg's , the definitive film of the body horror genre, poses political questions regarding the limits of human recognition and the disciplinary surveillance techniques employed over the body by ideology. This article reads The Fly alongside novel The Island of Dr. Moreau, arguing that both texts are allegorical explorations of the foundation of human politics, through surveillance and control of both individuals and populations. Brundle's transformation leads him to a Hobbesian 'state of nature', in which he asserts his natural right of self-preservation. The vivisected animals that Dr Moreau creates, however, exist in a highly ritualized political system predicated on the human capacity to experience, understand and remember pain. It is a political system that exemplifies Foucauldean notions of self-control through disciplinarian surveillance. The two texts serve as inverted reflections of one another: in The Island of Dr. Moreau, animals are humanized by the fear of pain, and in The Fly a human is animalized by the experience of pain. Both texts are reminders that, as Elaine Scarry has pointed out, pain has the capacity to eradicate individual humanity. They also remind us that empathy for the pain of others is essentially humanizing.
PEMILIHAN TAPAK ALTERNATIF BAGI PENGEMBANGAN KANTOR KECAMATAN WINDUSARI
Authors: Harani Arnis Rochma , Indarto Eddy , Riskiyanto Resza , Sholih Muhammad Najieb 
Published: December 2019

Kawasan kecamatan di Indonesia pada saat ini harus mampu mewadahi kegiatan masyarakat tingkat kecamatan tersebut, baik itu formal dan informal. Kebutuhan ruangan dan kelayakan tapak untuk kantor kecamatan mengalami tren yang meningkat. Sehingga bangunan saat iniyang hanya mampu menampung kegiatan-kegiatan bagi staffnya dan ruang yang sudah ada, harus dikembangkan agar dapat menampung masyarakat. Kebencanaan juga berkembang dalam kondisi Indonesia yang terletak pada lingkaran gunung api (ring of fire). Berbagai masalah yang timbul di lokasi memerlukan suatu studi untuk mengetahui kecamatan untuk dapat dikembangkan. Studi berlangsung dengan paradigma kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deduktif melalui analisis pustaka, studi observasi lapangan dan studi kasus kecamatan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menentukan kelaikan tapak yang sedang digunakan sebagai kantor kecamatan. Hasil dari studi ini menemukan bahwa tapak eksisting masih layak untuk dikembangkan.
Die deutsche Legende vom ‚aufgezwungenen Verteidigungskrieg‘ 1914
Authors: Moore Robert C. 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Aufsatz ist eine Entgegnung auf Rainer F. Schmidts Artikel „Revanche pour Sedan“ (HZ 303, 2016, 393–425), der gemäß dem revisionistischen Paradigma der ,Initiative der Entente‘ behauptet, dass Frankreich 1914 das Deutsche Reich mit einer gezielten Kriegsvorbereitungs- und Erpressungspolitik provozierte und aufgrund der angeblichen „Kenntnis“ des deutschen Kriegsplans so unter „Handlungsdruck“ setzte, dass sich das Deutsche Reich gezwungen sah, den Ersten Weltkrieg auszulösen. Damit sei die französische Politik für den „Tatbestand einer indirekten Kriegsentfesselung“ verantwortlich. Der Verfasser identifiziert diese Thesen als eine Neuauflage der Topoi des Rechtfertigungskanons der Reichsleitung und Teil eines Projektions- und Umkehrungsszenarios, das nach dem Krieg 1919 durch eine Propagandakampagne des Auswärtigen Amtes gegen den Versailler Vertrag und die Reparationen dafür benutzt wurde, um das Deutsche Reich von der Verantwortung für die Auslösung des Krieges freizusprechen, mit dem expliziten Ziel, Frankreich und seinen Präsidenten politisch-moralisch zu diskreditieren. Bei der Analyse der Thesen Schmidts verfährt der Verfasser mehrgleisig, indem er einerseits zeigt, dass es sich hier um unbelegte Behauptungen und Spekulationen handelt, die nicht auf Primärquellen sondern auf einer speziellen Zitierkette beruhen, und andererseits weist er darauf hin, dass die realen Vorgänge der Vorgeschichte des Krieges und der Julikrise 1914 nur selektiv und teilweise falsch wiedergegeben werden. Im Ergebnis stellt der Verfasser fest, dass die Interpretation Schmidts Ausdruck einer Welle neorevisionistischer Literatur ist, die die Verantwortung für die Auslösung des Krieges auf die Entente schieben möchte, was aber den tatsächlichen Ereignissen zuwiderläuft und sich anhand der Quellen nicht bestätigen lässt.
Patient self-testing in chronic disease management
Authors: O’Kane Maurice J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chronic disease poses a major burden to patients and health care systems. This review considers how patient self-testing can contribute to the management of chronic disease. Self-testing can only confer benefit if it occurs in the context of an empowered patient who has the skills and training to translate test results into meaningful actions. The benefits may include improved clinical outcomes, greater patient convenience and improved psychological well-being; separately and together these may contribute to reduced costs of care. As self-testing may be expensive and burdensome to patients, it is important that its use in chronic disease is supported by a robust evidence base confirming its utility and efficacy. The design of studies to assess the impact of self-testing poses challenges for the researcher and the quality of evidence presented is often variable. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) provide more robust evidence than observational studies; the intervention under study is not just self-testing but includes the educational support to allow patients to use results effectively. This review discusses the evidence base relating to patient self-testing in diabetes, anticoagulant monitoring and in renal transplant patients and in particular highlights the impact of new technology developments such as flash glucose monitoring in diabetes.