bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of immune‐mediated bone marrow damage in conventionally housed mice
Authors: Li Jun , Dubois Wendy , Thovarai Vishal , Wu Zhijie , Feng Xingmin , Peat Tyler , Zhang Shuling , Sen Shurjo K. , Trinchieri Giorgio , Chen Jichun , Mock Beverly A. , Young Neal S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn humans, bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes, both constitutional and acquired, predispose to myeloid malignancies. We have modeled acquired immune aplastic anemia, the paradigmatic disease of these syndromes, in the mouse by infusing lymph node cells from specific pathogen‐free (SPF) CD45.1 congenic C57BL/6 (B6) donors into hybrid CByB6F1 recipients housed either in conventional (CVB) or SPF facilities. The severity of BM damage was reduced in CVB recipients; they also had reduced levels of CD44+CD62L− effector memory T cells, reduced numbers of donor‐type CD44+ T cells, and reduced expansion of donor‐type CD8 T cells carrying T‐cell receptor β‐variable regions 07, 11, and 17. Analyses of fecal samples through 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing revealed greater gut microbial alpha diversity in CVB mice relative to that of SPF mice. Thus, the presence of a broader spectrum of gut microorganisms in CVB‐housed CByB6F1 could have primed recipient animal's immune system leading to suppression of allogeneic donor T‐cell activation and expansion and attenuation of host BM destruction. These results suggest the potential benefit of diverse gut microbiota in patients receiving BM transplants.
Brain Mitochondrial Impairment in Early‐Onset Parkinson's Disease With or Without PINK1 Mutation
Authors: Rango Mario , Dossi Gabriele , Squarcina Letizia , Bonifati Cristiana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPINK1 mutations are likely to affect mitochondrial function. The objective of this study was to study brain mitochondrial function in patients with early‐onset Parkinson's disease, with or without PINK1 mutations.MethodsWe investigated brain intracellular pH, mitochondrial activity, and energetics with functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with early‐onset Parkinson's disease with PINK1 mutations (n = 10), early‐onset Parkinson's disease without PINK1 mutations (n = 10), and healthy sex‐ and age‐matched subjects (n = 20). We measured peak areas of phosphocreatine and beta adenosine triphosphate.ResultsThe EOPD‐ group had normal PCr + βATP contents at rest (P = NS) and under activation (P = NS), but reduced contents during recovery (P < 0.001). The EOPD+ group had abnormal PCr + βATP contents at rest (P < 0.001) and during activation (P < 0.001); during recovery, the contents only partially recovered (P < 0.001). Brain intracellular pH alterations were more severe with EOPD+ than with EOPD−.ConclusionsBrain mitochondrial impairments were similar in early‐onset Parkinson's disease without PINK1 mutations and late‐onset Parkinson's disease. However, mitochondrial impairments were more severe in early‐onset Parkinson's disease with PINK1 mutations. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Motion‐corrected MRI with DISORDER: Distributed and incoherent sample orders for reconstruction deblurring using encoding redundancy
Authors: Cordero‐Grande Lucilio , Ferrazzi Giulio , Teixeira Rui Pedro A. G. , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Price Anthony N. , Hajnal Joseph V. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeTo enable rigid body motion‐tolerant parallel volumetric magnetic resonance imaging by retrospective head motion correction on a variety of spatiotemporal scales and imaging sequences.Theory and methodsTolerance against rigid body motion is based on distributed and incoherent sampling orders for boosting a joint retrospective motion estimation and reconstruction framework. Motion resilience stems from the encoding redundancy in the data, as generally provided by the coil array. Hence, it does not require external sensors, navigators or training data, so the methodology is readily applicable to sequences using 3D encodings.ResultsSimulations are performed showing full inter‐shot corrections for usual levels of in vivo motion, large number of shots, standard levels of noise and moderate acceleration factors. Feasibility of inter‐ and intra‐shot corrections is shown under controlled motion in vivo. Practical efficacy is illustrated by high‐quality results in most corrupted of 208 volumes from a series of 26 clinical pediatric examinations collected using standard protocols.ConclusionsThe proposed framework addresses the rigid motion problem in volumetric anatomical brain scans with sufficient encoding redundancy which has enabled reliable pediatric examinations without sedation.
Exploring pelvic floor muscle activity in men with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Vrolijks Ruben O. , Notenboom‐Nas Françoise J. M. , de Boer Deborah , Schouten Tamara , Timmerman Alice , Zijlstra Aylene , Witte Lambertus P. W. , Knol‐de Vries Grietje E. , Blanker Marco H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to explore the utility of the Multiple Array Probe Leiden (MAPLe) device to assess pelvic floor muscle activity in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).MethodsThis was an observational cohort study performed at the urology outpatient department of a large teaching hospital in the Netherlands between April and October 2018. We recruited male patients referred for the assessment of LUTS, without a history of prostate surgery, if they had an International Prostate Symptom Score greater than or equal to 8. The MAPLe device was then used to assess the puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, urogenital diaphragm, and the internal and external anal sphincters during three tasks: a rest period (1 minute), five maximum voluntary contractions (held for 3 seconds each), and three maximal endurance contractions (held for 15 seconds each).ResultsIn total, 57 patients were included, 5 of which had diabetes mellitus. Muscle activity at rest was significantly lower than during either contraction task and did not differ between the muscle groups. By contrast, the external anal sphincter had significantly less activity than any other muscle group during the endurance task, and the internal anal sphincter and puborectalis had significantly less activity during the maximum voluntary contraction task. No association was found between pelvic floor muscle activity and LUTS severity during any task.ConclusionPelvic floor muscle activity and LUTS severity appear to be unrelated, but this does not completely exclude the possibility of muscle involvement in the development or experience of symptoms. Further research is needed.
Is there a link between back pain and urinary symptoms?
Authors: Welk Blayne , Baverstock Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo identify epidemiological studies of mechanical low back pain and urinary dysfunction, and to identify potential evidence supporting a mechanism for this relationship.MethodsA systematic online search was conducted of EmBASE, Medline, CINAHL, and PEDro databases. We excluded studies where an obvious link between low back pain and urinary dysfunction exists (such as cauda equina syndrome). Two reviewers used inclusion/exclusion criteria to screen the articles. Data were extracted and summarised with a narrative review, and study quality was assessed.ResultsWe included 22/930 studies. Twelve studies addressed the epidemiological link between low back pain and urinary symptoms. The studies all found a statistically significant association between the diagnosis of urinary incontinence or urinary symptoms and low back pain, (aOR's 1.1 to 3.1). Results were consistent when stratified by sex, age, and when adjusted for confounders. The study quality was good in 4/12. Eight studies reported on an assessment/intervention related to pelvic floor function, urinary symptoms and low back pain. Pelvic floor dysfunction was common in women with low back pain, however randomized studies and pre‐post studies reported mixed results for pelvic floor physiotherapy improving low back pain. The study quality was good in 3/8.ConclusionsLow back pain and urinary incontinence are associated in large epidemiological studies, and the presence of one condition seems to predispose the development of the other. There is limited evidence to suggest pelvic floor interventions are useful for low back pain in this patient population, therefore the mechanism for this relationship is still unclear.
A phantom system for assessing the effects of membrane lipids on water proton relaxation
Authors: Shtangel Oshrat , Mezer Aviv A. 
Published: January 2020

Quantitative MRI (qMRI) is a method for the non‐invasive study of brain‐structure‐associated changes expressed with measurable units. The qMRI‐derived parameters have been shown to reflect brain tissue composition such as myelin content. Nevertheless, it remains a major challenge to identify and quantify the contributions of specific molecular components to the MRI signal. Here, we describe a phantom system that can be used to evaluate the contribution of membrane lipids to qMRI‐derived parameters.We used a hydration‐dehydration dry film technique to formulate liposomes that can be used as a model of the bilayer lipid membrane. The liposomes were comprised of the most abundant types of lipid found in the human brain. We then applied clinically available qMRI techniques with adjusted bias corrections in order to test the ability of the phantom system to estimate multiple qMRI parameters such as proton density (PD), T1, T2, T2* and magnetization transfer. In addition, we accurately measured the phantom sample water fraction (normalized PD). A similar protocol was also applied to the human brain in vivo.The phantom system allows for a reliable estimation of qMRI parameters for phantoms composed of various lipid types using a clinical MRI scanner. We also found a comparable reproducibility between the phantom and in vivo human brain qMRI estimations.To conclude, we have successfully created a biologically relevant liposome phantom system whose lipid composition can be fully controlled. Our lipid system and analysis can be used to measure the contributions to qMRI parameters of membrane lipids found in the human brain under scanning conditions that are relevant to in vivo human brain scans. Such a model system can be used to test the contributions of lipidomic changes in normal and pathological brain states.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Assess Visceral and Abdominal Adipose Tissue
Authors: Chaudry Oliver , Grimm Alexandra , Friedberger Andreas , Kemmler Wolfgang , Uder Michael , Jakob Franz , Quick Harald H. , von Stengel Simon , Engelke Klaus 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare a state‐of‐the‐art bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device with two‐point Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the quantification of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as a health‐related risk factor.MethodsA total of 63 male participants were measured using a 3‐T MRI scanner and a segmental, multifrequency BIA device. MRI generated fat fraction (FF) maps, in which VAT volume, total abdominal adipose tissue volume, and FF of visceral and total abdominal compartments were quantified. BIA estimated body fat mass and VAT area.ResultsCoefficients of determination between abdominal (r2 = 0.75) and visceral compartments (r2 = 0.78) were similar for both groups, but slopes differed by a factor of two. The ratio of visceral to total abdominal FF was increased in older men compared with younger men. This difference was not detected with BIA. MRI and BIA measurements of the total abdominal volume correlated moderately (r2 = 0.31‐0.56), and visceral measurements correlated poorly (r2 = 0.13‐0.44).ConclusionsVisceral BIA measurements agreed better with MRI measurements of the total abdomen than of the visceral compartment, indicating that BIA visceral fat area assessment cannot differentiate adipose tissue between visceral and abdominal compartments in young and older participants.
Thermomechanical properties of woven abaca fiber‐reinforced nanocomposites
Authors: Paglicawan Marissa A. , Rodriguez Marco P. , Celorico Josefina R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, natural fiber‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites were prepared from high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), abaca fiber, and nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) using the hot press technique. The study investigated the influence of untreated and alkali‐treated woven abaca fabric and NPCC hybrid reinforcement on the thermomechanical behavior of the natural fiber composites. The HDPE with different amounts of NPCC was melt‐blended in a twin‐screw extruder followed by hot press to produce sheets. A lamination of composites containing alternating layers of HDPE sheets with different amounts of NPCC and layers of untreated and alkali‐treated woven abaca fabric was produced using a hot press machine. The resulting material was composed of 20% weight ratio of woven abaca fibers. The tensile strength showed that the nanocomposite exhibited a high tensile value of 60.1 MPa with alkali‐treated abaca and 1% NPCC. However, a further increase in the NPCC concentration beyond 1% reduced the mechanical strength of the nanocomposite. The thermal stability of the abaca fiber‐reinforced nanocomposite improved with addition of NPCC. Scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that alkali‐treated abaca and 1% NPCC improved the adhesion and compatibility between the fiber and polymer matrix. The potential applications of this natural fiber‐reinforced composite are for automotive and construction materials.
Optimisation for simultaneous determination of iridoid glycosides and oligosaccharides in Radix Rehmannia by microwave assisted extraction and HILIC‐UHPLC‐TQ‐MS/MS
Authors: Wang Xin , Wu Cuiting , Xu Ming , Cheng Cong , Liu Youping , Di Xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrophilic iridoid glycosides and oligosaccharides are the major active ingredients of Radix Rehmanniae. Analysis of oligosaccharides is a challenging task because they are highly hydrophilic, with similar chemical structures and absence of chromophore and fluorophore groups. The difficulty for simultaneous analysis of iridoid glycosides and oligosaccharides in Radix Rehmanniae is increased due to the polarity difference between the two types of ingredients.ObjectiveTo develop a method for simultaneous determination of iridoid glycosides (ajugol, catalpol) and oligosaccharides (sucrose, melibiose, raffinose, mannotriose and stachyose) in Radix Rehmanniae.MethodologyMicrowave‐assisted extraction (MAE) was established to extract target analytes from Radix Rehmanniae samples using methanol–water (60:40, v/v) as the extraction solvent. Fast separation of seven analytes was achieved by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) using an Accucore‐150‐Amide‐HILIC column. Sensitive and selective detection of the analytes was performed by triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (TQ‐MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring in positive electrospray ionisation mode.ResultsGood linearities were achieved for all the analytes with the correlation coefficients above 0.9991. The precisions resulted in deviations of less than 5.0% and the recoveries ranged from 93.8% to 105.5%. The established method was successfully applied to the analysis of iridoid glycosides and oligosaccharides in 12 samples of crude and processed Radix Rehmanniae.ConclusionA simple, rapid and sensitive method based on MAE combined with HILIC‐UHPLC‐TQ‐MS/MS was developed for simultaneous determination of iridoid glycosides and oligosaccharides in Radix Rehmanniae for the first time. The method exhibited excellent performance with simple sample preparation, short analysis time, high selectivity and sensitivity.
Molecular imprinting on amphiphilic folded polymers for selective molecular recognition in water
Authors: Nagao Chitose , Sawamoto Mitsuo , Terashima Takaya 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe report amphiphilic folded polymers with imprinted nanocavities for selective molecular recognition in water. For this, a molecular imprinting technique is applied to the polymer synthesis: amphiphilic polymer micelles interacting with template molecules are crosslinked in water to fix the folded architecture and memorize the template structure within the polymers; the removal of the templates provides imprint polymers bearing template‐specific nanospaces. Here, a hydrophilic dye bearing two anionic groups, Orange G (OG), is used as a model template. For the imprinting, we design amphiphilic random copolymers bearing hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains, hydrophobic olefin groups, and quaternary ammonium groups that can interact with the template. The copolymers were prepared by living radical polymerization and post functionalization. In the presence of OG and methyl blue (MB), the imprinted nanocavity polymers simultaneously capture both of the dyes in water. The total number of encapsulated dyes increased with increasing the number of polymer‐bound quaternary ammonium groups. The selectivity of OG against MB increased with the crosslinking density, while imprint polymers encapsulated OG more efficiently than nonimprint polymers. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 215–224
The utility of moment ratios and abbreviated endpoints of the multiple breath washout test in preschool children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Shaw Michelle , Oppelaar Martinus C. , Jensen Renee , Stanojevic Sanja , Davis Stephanie D. , Retsch‐Bogart George , Ratjen Felix A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe multiple breath washout (MBW) test may be most useful in tracking disease progression over time to inform treatment decisions. In the clinical setting, alternative outcomes, which can be obtained quickly and easily, may facilitate interpretation of clinically relevant changes in lung function.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of data from 78 cystic fibrosis (CF) and 72 healthy control (HC) subjects between the ages of 2.6 and 5.9 years, MBW was performed at enrollment, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, as well as during symptomatic visits using the Exhalyzer D (EcoMedics AG, Duernten, Switzerland). The lung clearance index, LCI2.5, was compared to moment ratios (M1/M0 and M2/M0) at the standard cutoff (1/40th of starting tracer gas concentration) as well as LCI5 and moment ratios at 1/20th of the starting concentration (M1/M0 at LCI5, and M2/M0 at LCI5).ResultsAll outcomes were able to distinguish between health and disease. LCI5 reduced testing time by 40% and increased feasibility by more than 10%. The limits of biological reproducibility in healthy children were similar between LCI2.5 (15%), LCI5 (12%), M1/M0 at LCI2.5 (14%), and M1/M0 at LCI5 (12%), but markedly larger for M2/M0 at LCI2.5 (30%) and M2/M0 at LCI5 (25%). Each outcome deteriorated significantly with worsening pulmonary symptoms, the magnitude of deterioration was greatest for M2/M0.ConclusionsIn preschool children with CF, LCI5 was more feasible to obtain and track disease progression. The second moment ratio was most sensitive to pulmonary symptoms, but had the greatest variability both within and between subjects.
Pulmonary outcome measures in long‐term survivors of infantile Pompe disease on enzyme replacement therapy: A case series
Authors: ElMallah Mai K. , Desai Ankit K. , Nading Erica B. , DeArmey Stephanie , Kravitz Richard M. , Kishnani Priya S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo report the respiratory function of school‐aged children with infantile Pompe disease (IPD) who started enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in infancy and early childhood.Study DesignThis is a retrospective chart review of pulmonary function tests of: (a) patients with IPD 5 to 18 years of age, (b) who were not ventilator dependent, and (c) were able to perform upright and supine spirometry. Subjects were divided into a younger (5‐9 years) and older cohort (10‐18 years) for the analysis. Upright and supine forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were analyzed.ResultsFourteen patients, all cross‐reactive immunologic material (CRIM)‐positive, met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Mean upright and supine FVC were 70.3% and 64.9% predicted, respectively, in the 5‐ to 9‐year‐old cohort; and 61.5% and 52.5% predicted, respectively, in the 10‐ to 18‐year‐old group. Individual patient trends showed stability in FVC overtime in six of the 14 patients. MIPs and MEPs were consistent with inspiratory and expiratory muscle weakness in the younger and older age group but did not decline with age.ConclusionData from this cohort of CRIM‐positive patients with IPD showed that ERT is able to maintain respiratory function in a subgroup of patients whereas others had a steady decline. There was a statistically significant decline in FVC from the upright to a supine position in both the younger and older age groups of CRIM‐positive ERT‐treated patients. Before ERT, patients with IPD were unable to maintain independent ventilation beyond the first few years of life.
Output‐feedback stabilization for planar output‐constrained switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Lin Xiangze , Li Xueling , Park Ju H. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this paper, globally asymptotical stabilization problem for a class of planar switched nonlinear systems with an output constraint via smooth output feedback is investigated. To prevent output constraint violation, a common tangent‐type barrier Lyapunov function (tan‐BLF) is developed. Adding a power integrator approach (APIA) is revamped to systematically design state‐feedback stabilizing control laws incorporating the common tan‐BLF. Then, based on the designed state‐feedback controllers and a constructed common nonlinear observer, smooth output‐feedback controllers, which can make the system output meet the predefined constraint during operation, are proposed to deal with the globally asymptotical stabilization problem of planar switched nonlinear systems under arbitrary switchings. A numerical example is employed to verify the proposed method.
Becoming Workers of Greater France: Vocational Education in Colonial Morocco, 1912–1939
Authors: Kozakowski Michael A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Vocationally oriented education in early twentieth-century Morocco was the privileged policy by which French colonial administrators attempted the economic development [mise en valeur] of the protectorate while managing class, labor, and racial tensions. It entailed the implementation of three interrelated reforms: the establishment of vocational-technical schools, efforts to make regular schools more career-oriented, and a systematic program for providing vocational guidance. As in the metropole, these reforms supposedly reflected a “modern” curriculum and “modern” pedagogical techniques, but were implemented through an often conservative, highly differentiated, and frequently unequal, colonial educational system. Importantly, these reforms targeted all students, including indigenous Muslims, indigenous Jews, and especially European settlers. While vocational education encountered numerous challenges and often failed its indigenous students, it continued to appeal to the protectorate’s officials and its European students. Consequently, it remained a cornerstone of educational policy in both the French and Spanish sectors through the end of the protectorate.