bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital dermatopathology: The time is now
Authors: Blum Amy E. , Murphy George F. , Lee Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo continue to provide expert specialized care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, our dermatopathology service transitioned to a secure virtual microscopy platform. In our experience, this digitally‐enabled dermatopathology practice revealed myriad benefits, including an improved diagnostic workflow and increased access to teaching. Whole slide imaging (WSI) is a related system that digitizes glass slides with high resolution and has been clinically validated for primary diagnosis. While WSI requires an initial institutional investment, its benefits include expanded access to subspecialized expertise and collaborations, digital histopathologic data generation for research, unification of patient clinical and pathologic information, and archiving of educational resources. The switch to digitally‐enabled remote dermatopathology at our institution and across the United States presents a rare opportunity to critically examine newly implemented systems and to develop permanent digital solutions, thereby taking a leap forward for the benefit of patient care, research, and medical education.
Beyond Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness: Testing links between lower‐level personality traits and American political orientation
Authors: Xu Xiaowen , Soto Christopher J. , Plaks Jason E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionResearch has consistently revealed positive correlations between political liberalism and Openness to Experience, and between conservatism and Conscientiousness. Most of this research has made use of domain‐level models of the Big Five personality traits. Recent work suggests, however, that each Big Five trait domain can be divided into distinct aspects or facets, which offer more nuanced characterizations of each trait.MethodsAcross four studies (Ns ranging from 1,123 to 116,406), the present research examined the degree to which distinct lower‐level traits would be associated with meaningful differences in political orientation. United States residents completed two different hierarchical Big Five personality measures (the Big Five Aspect Scales and the Big Five Inventory‐2), as well as a range of measures of political orientation.ResultsAcross both personality measures, liberal political orientation showed distinct positive associations with the lower‐level traits Openness/Aesthetic Sensitivity, Intellect/Intellectual Curiosity, Compassion, and Withdrawal/Depression, as well as distinct negative associations with Orderliness/Organization, Politeness, and Assertiveness.DiscussionBy examining individual differences at a higher level of granularity, these data provide insight into specific motivations that predispose individuals toward different ends of the political spectrum.
A sympathetic view of blood pressure control at high altitude: new insights from microneurographic studies
Authors: Simpson Lydia L. , Steinback Craig D. , Stembridge Mike , Moore Jonathan P. 
Published: December 2020

New Findings
What is the topic of the review?
Sympathoexcitation and sympathetic control of blood pressure at high altitude.
What advances does it highlight?
Sustained sympathoexcitation is fundamental to integrative control of blood pressure in humans exposed to chronic hypoxia. The largest gaps in current knowledge are in understanding the complex mechanisms by which central sympathetic outflow is regulated at high altitude.
AbstractHigh altitude (HA) hypoxia is a potent activator of the sympathetic nervous system, eliciting increases in sympathetic vasomotor activity. Microneurographic evidence of HA sympathoexcitation dates back to the late 20th century, yet only recently have the characteristics and underpinning mechanisms been explored in detail. This review summarises recent findings and highlights the importance of HA sympathoexcitation for the regulation of blood pressure in lowlanders and indigenous highlanders. In addition, this review identifies gaps in our knowledge and corresponding avenues for future study.
Principal Evaluation under the Elementary and Secondary Every Student
Succeeds Act: A Comprehensive Policy Review
Authors: Donaldson Morgaen , Mavrogordato Madeline , Dougherty Shaun M. , Ghanem Reem Al , Youngs Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A growing body of research recognizes the critical role of the school principal, demonstrating that school principals’ effects on student outcomes are second only to those of teachers. Yet policy makers have often paid little attention to principals, choosing instead to focus policy reform on teachers. In the last decade, this pattern has shifted somewhat. Federal policies such as Race to the Top (RTTT) and Elementary and Secondary Education Act waivers emphasized principal quality and prompted many states to overhaul principal evaluation as a means to develop principals’ leadership practices and hold them accountable for the performance of their schools. The development and dissemination of principal evaluation policies has proceeded rapidly, however, it is unclear whether focusing on principal evaluation has targeted the most impactful policy lever. In this policy brief, we describe where policy makers have placed their bets in post-RTTT principal evaluation systems and comment on the wisdom of these wagers. We describe the degree to which principal evaluation components, processes, and consequences vary across the fifty states and the District of Columbia, and review evidence on which aspects of principal evaluation policies are most likely to improve principals’ practice and hold them accountable.
Nano-bio finishing of cotton fabric with chitosan nano-hydrogels containing Rhus coriaria (L)
Authors: Taghavi Loza , hemmatinegad Nahid , Bashari Azadeh , Noorian Najafabadi Seyyed Abbas , Shakibi Sepideh 
Published: December 2020

The goal of this paper was to study some chemical and physical effects of chitosan nano-hydrogels containing Rhus coriaria on cotton fabric. The finished fabrics showed antimicrobial effects against two pathogenic microorganisms, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the particle size, as well as the effect of encapsulating sumac extract in chitosan nano-hydrogel on some physical and visual characteristics of fabrics, are then confirmed by using various methods, including antimicrobial testing, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of the samples are also studied. The as-prepared samples with higher sumac content have more ultraviolet (UV) absorbing activity (about 52%) than the un-treated sample, as well as excellent washing fastness and antimicrobial properties after five washing cycles. More specifically, these methods indicated negligible changes in color and thickness of treated cotton fabrics. Finally, the application of cotton fabric along with the synthesis of chitosan nano-hydrogel and sumac loading introduced a novel cotton fabric with high antimicrobial properties, washing fastness and UV protection property.
A comparison of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to non-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Illingworth Benjamin JG , Lewis Declan J , Lambarth Andrew T , Stocking Kate , Duffy James MN , Jelen Luke A , Rucker James J 
Published: December 2020

Rationale: Novel, evidence-based treatments are required for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has beneficially augmented psychotherapy in several small clinical trials. Objective: To review the use of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD. Methods: Systematic searches of four databases were conducted from inception to February 2020. A meta-analysis was performed on trials which were double-blinded, randomised, and compared MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to psychotherapy and placebo. The primary outcomes were the differences in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) score and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Secondary outcome measures included neurocognitive and physical adverse effects, at the time, and within 7 days of intervention. Results: Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) met inclusion criteria. When compared to active placebo, intervention groups taking 75 mg (MD −46.90; 95% (confidence intervals) CI −58.78, −35.02), 125 mg (MD −20.98; 95% CI −34.35, −7.61) but not 100 mg (MD −12.90; 95% CI −36.09, 10.29) of MDMA with psychotherapy, had significant decreases in CAPS-IV scores, as did the inactive placebo arm (MD −33.20; 95% CI −40.53, −25.87). A significant decrease in BDI when compared to active placebo (MD −10.80; 95% CI −20.39, −1.21) was only observed at 75 mg. Compared to placebo, participants reported significantly more episodes of low mood, nausea and jaw-clenching during sessions and lack of appetite after 7 days. Conclusion: These results demonstrate potential therapeutic benefit with minimal physical and neurocognitive risk for the use of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in TR-PTSD, despite little effect on Beck’s Depression Inventory. Better powered RCTs are required to investigate further. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42019109132 available online at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero .
Neurophysiological assessment in a patient affected by Marfan syndrome
Authors: Cartella Emanuele , De Salvo Simona , Micchìa Katia , Romeo Laura , Logiudice Anna Lisa , Bramanti Placido , Marino Silvia 
Published: December 2020

Background Marfan syndrome (MS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder characterized by different multiorgan patterns. The guidelines for MS diagnosis do not highlight the usefulness—or even the use—of any neurophysiological techniques for diagnosing this disease. Moreover, few neurophysiological studies assessing the central and peripheral nervous systems in MS subjects have been reported to date. Case presentation: We describe a male patient affected by MS. To assess sensory and nociceptive pathways in this patient, a neurophysiological assessment was performed using electroencephalogram, nerve conduction studies, and somatosensory and laser-evoked potentials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case report to evaluate the role of evoked potential assessments for the study of sensory and nociceptive pathways in MS. Conclusion Future studies should investigate the use of a complete neurophysiological approach for the clinical and therapeutic management of MS patients in a large sample.
Ocular surface assessment in times of sanitary crisis: What lessons and solutions for the present and the future?
Authors: Labetoulle Marc , Sahyoun Marwan , Rousseau Antoine , Baudouin Christophe 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To describe the immediate consequences of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic on the ocular surface and eye-care professionals, and to discuss the need for a mandatory switch from currently performed tele-screening to true teleconsultation for remote ocular surface assessment. Main findings: Ophthalmologists have been largely impacted by the COVID-19 sanitary crisis, due to both the ocular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and to the high contagiousness of the virus. The proximity of ophthalmologists to their patients have pushed eye-care providers to readapt their practices and develop alternatives to face-to-face consultations. However, teleconsultation has some major limitations and drawbacks, especially for ocular surface assessment that relies on high-quality graphic data for adequate diagnosis. Tele-screening, on the other hand, emphasizes on the importance of history-taking and listening to the patient in order to adequately prioritize appointments based on the presumed degree of emergency. Conclusion: Despite all the enthusiasm, tele-screening as currently performed with the available tools is still not capable of completely replacing a standard ophthalmic examination for the assessment of ocular surface diseases. While waiting for new emerging technologies and future implementation of imaging modalities and artificial intelligence, decision making algorithms can help eye-practitioners remotely screen their patients to assess the optimal time for follow-up appointments.
Effect of Oblique Tendon Laceration on Core Suture Strength: A Biomechanical Evaluation
Authors: Muresan Claude , Muresan Colin W. , Harris Alexandria L. , Shaterian Ashkaun , Van Royen Kjel , Kachare Swapnil D. , Bhandari Laxminarayan , Palazzo Michelle D. 
Published: December 2020

Background The effect of obliquity of tendon laceration on repair strength is not well studied. The overwhelming majority of biomechanical studies assess repair strength following a laceration that is perpendicular to the long axis of the tendon. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the angle of tendon laceration affects the core suture strength. Methods In all, 110 fresh human cadaveric flexor tendons were cut at varying angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° and the control group at 90°. All tendons were repaired with 6-strand modified Tang technique. The repair strength was tested using a custom-made tensioning machine, and the initial static gap force and the ultimate breaking force were measured. Results The mean gap force and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° groups were 15.2 N (11.4-19.0 N), 15.8 N (13.6-18.1 N), 15.6 N (13.1-18.4 N), 16.6 N (13.7-19.5 N), and 22.3 N (16.6-27.9 N), respectively. In the same respective order, the break force and 95% CI were 25.9 N (21.9-29.8 N), 26.5 N (23.2-29.7 N), 31.1 N (26.1-36.1 N), 35.6 N (28.2-43.1 N), and 51.8 N (62.5-41.0), respectively. The Fisher least significant difference demonstrated significant differences between the control group and all experimental groups for both gap force and break force. Conclusions Obliquity of tendon laceration affects the core suture strength when compared with a transverse cut. Flexor tendons cut at 90° demonstrated a higher overall gap force and breaking strength that were statistically significant when compared with all obliquely cut groups. These findings should be considered when repairing and starting postoperative therapy for obliquely cut tendons.
Developing a Conceptual and Measurement Framework of Organizational Socialization, Authentic Leadership, and Affective Commitment for Construction Professionals
Authors: Batra Sachin 
Published: December 2020

The critical success factors in construction project are no more confined to technical skills, rather people management skills and leadership skills are more important. Researchers in the past have assessed various human resources (HR) and organizational behavior–related factors responsible for project success in the construction sector. However, not much has been done in assessing the role of socialization and leadership towards commitment among construction professionals. Therefore, this study aims to explore the constructs of socialization, leadership, and commitment in the construction industry. The article outlines the conceptual relationship between the domains of: organizational socialization (OS)—training (TR), understanding (UN), coworker support (CS), and future prospects (FP); authentic leadership (AL); and affective commitment (AC). The study further outlines the factor structure of the constructs through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Conceptually, there exists a positive relationship between the domains of socialization and AC. Also, the article proposes a moderating role of AL in the above relationships. The present study is the first of its kind in the Indian construction industry context to propose a framework that can be further used to determine the critical organizational factors responsible for maintaining the commitment of professionals working in the construction industry.
Does operating leverage increase firm's profitability and bankruptcy risk? Evidence from China's entry into WTO
Authors: Tao Qizhi , Zahid Zohaib , Mughal Azhar , Shahzad Farrukh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study tests the relationship among operating leverage, profitability and financial leverage. Operating leverage boosts profitability and cuts down the optimal financial leverage of the firm. Therefore, operating leverage renders a negative relationship between profitability and financial leverage that is inconsistent with the static trade‐off theory. By considering WTO and using data of export manufacturing firms in China for the period 1990–2018, our results indicate that operating leverage and profitability have a positive relationship, and operating leverage is a central cause to create an inverse correlation between profitability and financial leverage when firm's revenue declines. In addition, operating and financial leverages have substitutions effect when the firm operating cost is quasi‐fixed. Furthermore, the firm's bankruptcy risk is linked with higher operating leverage. Our study suggests that firms should consider both operating and financial leverage to maximize their profitability because the preference of one leverage on the other increases bankruptcy risk, and operating leverage preference creates an inverse correlation between profitability and financial leverage.
Mechanically Induced Bright Luminescence from 1,2‐Dioxetane Containing PDMS Boosted by Fluoroboron Complex as an In‐Chain Fluorophore
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Di Baohua , Chen Yulan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImproving mechanochemiluminescent (MCL) sensitivity of 1,2‐dioxetane containing polymers is important for the applications of stress‐reporting soft materials. Herein, a series of MCL poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) have been synthesized by simultaneously incorporating difluoroboron β‐diketonate dye and 1,2‐dioxetane as the co‐crosslinkers to tune the energy transfer process across polymer chains. By covalently linked fluoroboron complex in PDMS network, the aggregation of the complex is overcome. Owing to its excellent opto‐physical properties, this fluoroboron complex is shown to be an effective in‐chain fluorophore to effectively enhance the chemiluminescence from polymeric 1,2‐dioxetane that is broken either thermally or mechanically. Studies on the optomechanical properties of these PDMS show that MCL intensity is increased with the concentration of fluoroboron complex and the wavelength of the emission is shifted. The results of the present study appear to be broadly useful for designing elastomeric networks with chemiluminescent property not only attractive for optical technology, but also useful for damage self‐reporting.
Antibacterial properties of cationic copolymers as a function of pendant alkyl chain length and degree of quaternization
Authors: Gokkaya Damla , Topuzogullari Murat , Arasoglu Tulin , Trabzonlu Kubra , Ozmen Mehmet Murat , Abdurrahmanoğlu Suzan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntibacterial polymers are promising materials in the fight against bacterial infection which is a vital health problem. Among these materials, cationic (co)polymers with quaternary ammonium groups are of great interest and importance as they interact with the bacterial membrane causing cell death. The antibacterial efficacy can be improved by modifying the pendant alkyl groups and charge density of the polycation. In this study, alkylbromides with different chain lengths were used to obtain quaternized poly(4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (P(4VP‐co‐NVP)) copolymers of various positive charge densities and pendent alkyl chain lengths. While the chemical structures of the produced copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy, physicochemical properties such as size and zeta potential were measured by dynamic light scattering spectrometry. It was determined that the zeta potentials and hydrodynamic diameters of the samples vary between +10 and +32 mV and 10 and 16 nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the copolymers were tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by broth microdilution and standard ‘plate’ count methods. The results revealed that the antibacterial activity of the copolymers against Escherichia coli can be successfully adjusted through varying the chain length of the alkylating agent (hydrophobic chains) and the degree of quaternization (positive charge density). © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing Compared With Cultures, Gram Stain, and Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Vaginitis
Authors: Danby Claire S. , Althouse Andrew D. , Hillier Sharon L. , Wiesenfeld Harold C. 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis, and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of women with (n = 200) and without (n = 100) vulvovaginal symptoms was enrolled from outpatient gynecology offices and a vulvovaginal referral clinic. Vaginal swabs were analyzed by wet mount microscopy, yeast culture, Gram stain, T. vaginalis culture, and NAAT. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed.

Results
Among symptomatic women, the sensitivity of microscopy was 48.5% for VVC and 75% for T. vaginalis. Sensitivities of NAAT and culture for diagnosing VVC were 92.4% and 83.3%, respectively, whereas these methods were 100% and 93.8% for T. vaginalis. The sensitivity for bacterial vaginosis diagnosis by clinical criteria (“Amsel criteria”), Gram stain, and NAAT were 98.7%, 82.7%, and 78.7%, respectively. Test concordance rates were high between culture and NAAT for Candida species (91%) and between Gram stain and NAAT for the detection of bacterial vaginosis (88%). Among asymptomatic women, 20%–21% tested positive for bacterial vaginosis by Gram stain or NAAT, and 8%–13% were colonized with Candida species based on culture or NAAT.

Conclusions
Given the limitations of wet mount sensitivity for VVC and T. vaginalis, culture or NAAT testing should be considered when evaluating women with symptoms of vaginitis who test negative by microscopy. Although Amsel criteria accurately diagnosed bacterial vaginosis, NAAT is preferred for detection of T. vaginalis and performed similarly to culture for the diagnosis of VVC.
The intracellular domain of UNC5B facilities proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer cells
Authors: Huang Yexiang , Zhang Zhe , Miao Miao , Kong Chuize 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe intracellular domain of UNC5B contains both death domain and caspase‐3 cleavage site, and is regarded as a functional domain that mediates apoptosis. However, in our previous studies, we found that the death domain of UNC5B in bladder cancer cells could not be activated to promote apoptosis. In this study, different UNC5B truncates (residue 399‐945, residue 412‐945) were created to explore whether the caspase‐3 cleavage site (site 412), as another potential functional domain of its intracellular portion, could be activated to induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Using mass spectrometry, we acquired a comprehensive and detailed identification of differentially expressed proteins by overexpressing UNC5B and its truncates. Protein‐protein‐interaction (PPI) network analysis was also applied to investigate the aggregation of related proteins and predict the functional changes. EDU assay, apoptosis, xenograft tumour implantation, migration, invasion and tumour metastasis were performed to comprehensively identify the effects of UNC5B truncates on bladder cancer cells. We demonstrate that the intracellular domain of UNC5B promotes cell proliferation in vitro and tumour formation in vivo, by binding to a large number of ribosomal proteins. The overexpression of intracellular domain also facilitates cells to migrate, invade and metastasize by interacting with fibronectin, beta‐catenin and vimentin. In addition, we reveal that overexpressing the intracellular domain of UNC5B cannot bind or activate cleaved caspase‐3 to trigger apoptosis in bladder cancer cells.