bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectacular Oxygen Evolution Reaction Enhancement through Laser Processing of the Nickel‐Decorated Titania Nanotubes
Authors: Wawrzyniak Jakub , Karczewski Jakub , Coy Emerson , Iatsunskyi Igor , Ryl Jacek , Gazda Maria , Grochowska Katarzyna , Siuzdak Katarzyna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe selective, laser‐induced modification of the nickel‐decorated titania nanotubes provides remarkable enhancement toward oxygen evolution reaction. Particularly, the irradiation of the laterally spaced crystalline TiO2 nanotubes, results in the formation of the tight closure over irradiated end, preserving their hollow interior. The shape of the absorbance spectra is modulated along with applied energy, and the new absorption band appears at 500 nm, where the local minimum can be found for bare nanotubes. The high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectra indicate the presence of both metallic and hydroxide forms of nickel species. The electrode material treated with 355 nm pulses at 50 mJ cm−2 shows significantly improved current densities in the anodic regime, reaching nearly 300 mA cm−2 while exposed to solar radiation, whereas the untreated sample barely comes to 1.5 mA cm−2 in the same conditions. The tailored titania photoanode also exhibits two orders of magnitude higher donor concentration in comparison to the primary substrate as verified by Mott–Schottky analysis. The electrochemical analysis confirms the key role of laser annealing in enhancing the effectiveness of light‐driven water splitting.
Alkanes as Intelligent Surface Thermometers: A Facile Approach to Characterize Short‐Lived Temperature Gradients on the Micrometer Scale
Authors: Eickelmann Stephan , Ronneberger Sebastian , Zhang Junfang , Paris Grigori , Loeffler Felix F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractShort‐lived micro‐sized thermal gradients are challenging to measure. Especially, in thin film processes and devices, it is important to know the exact temperature profile to assure process parameters and the stability of sensitive materials. Many theoretical models try to describe the occurring temperatures, but still lack in profound experimental data. Here, a facile approach is presented, which allows to measure confined temperature gradients with millisecond and micrometer precision. By casting a thin alkane film onto a substrate of interest, it is possible to reconstruct local temperature gradients by imaging the phase behavior and morphology of the alkane film with a simple optical microscope setup. Alkanes are inert and their melting and boiling temperatures depend on the chain length. This allows to measure temperatures between 37 and 522 °C on any surface. Furthermore, after thorough characterization of laser‐induced temperature gradients, this approach can be used to measure the phase transition behavior of complex thin film polymer mixtures.
Dual‐Color Flexible Metasurfaces with Polarization‐Tunable Plasmons in Gold Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Cai Jingxuan , Zhang Cuiping , Li Wen‐Di 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOptical metasurfaces have attracted growing attention in plasmonic structural color in recent years due to their supreme performance in display and imaging technologies. However, real‐life applications of optical metasurfaces so far are often hindered by their complex, expensive, and time‐consuming nanofabrication methods, as well as sophisticated optical measurement systems. Herein, a flexible metasurface filter, based on periodic gold nanorods, capable of changing the output color by simple rotation of a linear polarizer is proposed and demonstrated. This phenomenon is enabled by switching of resonance plasmons in the gold nanorods with the polarization of incident light. Subsequent rotation of the input polarizer leads to an output of two distinct colors and their combinations. Moreover, metasurfaces consisting of Au nanorods with different orientations are integrated into a single flexible substrate. Information can be therefore encoded into the orientations of Au nanorods and readily decoded with the color of the metasurface under polarized illumination of white light‐emitting diode without complex optical components.
Enhanced efficiency nitrogen formulations on stockpiled tall fescue production
Authors: Payne Kathryn M. , Smith S. Ray , Goff Ben M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLate summer application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on stockpiled tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.)] can improve forage yields. Using enhanced efficiency N fertilizers may be of benefit by reducing ammonia volatilization losses and promoting forage growth later in the growing season. This study evaluated the effect of different enhanced efficiency N formulations (Agrotain‐treated urea, SuperU, and Environmentally Smart Nitrogen) and untreated urea on the yield and nutritive value of stockpiled ‘KY‐31’ tall fescue over two stockpiling periods (2015–2016 and 2016–2017). Nitrogen was applied at four rates (0, 45, 90, and 134 kg N ha−1) in one application in late August prior to the beginning of the stockpiling period in Lexington, KY. During the 2015–2016 stockpiling period, forage yields increased with increasing N rates; forage yields ranged from 2,913 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 when no N was applied up to 4,132 kg DM ha−1 when 134 kg N ha−1 was applied. Although forage yield was lower during the 2016–2017 stockpiling period, yield increased 75% even with the lowest N rate. Forage nutritive value was improved with increasing N rate. There were no differences in forage yield or nutritive value among enhanced efficiency N sources and standard urea. In summary, N applied in August improved stockpiled forage yield and nutritive value, regardless of N source.
Effects of Dietary Patterns on Serum Urate: Results From a Randomized Trial of the Effects of Diet on Hypertension
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P. , Yokose Chio , McCormick Natalie , Miller Edgar R. , Appel Lawrence J. , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet or an alternative, simplified diet, emphasizing high‐fiber fruits and vegetables (the FV diet), lowers serum urate levels.MethodsWe conducted a secondary study of the DASH feeding study, a 3‐arm, parallel‐design, randomized trial of 459 adults with systolic blood pressure (BP) of <160 mm Hg and diastolic BP of 80–95 mm Hg, who were not receiving BP medications. Participants were randomized to receive 8 weeks of monitored feeding and ate 1 of 3 diets: 1) a typical American diet (control), 2) the FV diet, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables but otherwise similar to the control diet, or 3) the DASH diet, which was rich in fruits, vegetables, and low‐fat dairy products, and reduced in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. Body weight was kept constant throughout the study. Serum urate levels were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of feeding.ResultsFor the 327 participants with available specimens (mean ± SD age 45.4 ± 11.0 years, 47% women, 50% African American), the mean ± SD baseline serum urate level was 5.7 ± 1.5 mg/dl. Compared to the control diet, the FV diet reduced the mean serum urate level by 0.17 mg/dl (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −0.34, 0.00; P = 0.051) and the DASH diet reduced the mean serum urate level by 0.25 mg/dl (95% CI −0.43, −0.08; P = 0.004). These effects increased with increasing baseline serum urate levels (<5, 5–5.9, 6–6.9, 7–7.9, and ≥8 mg/dl) for those receiving the DASH diet (a reduction of 0.08, 0.12, 0.42, 0.44, and 0.73 mg/dl, respectively; P for trend = 0.04), but not for those receiving the FV diet.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the DASH diet reduces serum urate levels, particularly among those with hyperuricemia. These findings support the growing need for a dedicated trial to test the DASH diet among patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
Controlled Lithium Deposition on Alq3 Coated Substrate
Authors: Zhong Haoxiang , Zhao Yangzhi , Zhang Ting , Liu Gao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Gao Liu in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The cover picture renders an artistic image comparing a randomly distributed Li metal deposition on a Cu substrate (upper left) vs. a uniformly distributed Li deposition on Alq3‐modified (Alq3: tris‐(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum) Cu substrate (lower right). Read the full text of the Communication (authored by Haoxiang Zhong, Yangzhi Zhao, Ting Zhang, and Gao Liu) at 10.1002/batt.202000126.
Regional distribution of cytochrome c oxidase activity and copper in sclerotic hippocampi of epilepsy patients
Authors: Opačić Miloš , Ristić Aleksandar J. , Sokić Dragoslav , Baščarević Vladimir , Raičević Savo , Savić Slobodan , Zorović Maja , Živin Marko , Šelih Vid Simon , Spasojević Ivan , Savić Danijela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionDisruption of copper homeostasis and dysfunction of mitochondria have been documented in sclerotic hippocampi (HS) of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). However, a potential link between these pathological changes has not been tackled so far. Herein, we analyzed regional distribution of neuron somata density, copper concentration, and the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), a component of mitochondrial electron transport chain and copper‐containing metalloprotein, in HS.MethodsHistochemical staining and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were carried out to construct comparable maps of these parameters in coronal sections of hippocampi of 3 mTLE‐HS patients and 3 control subjects.ResultsCopper levels were decreased in all regions of HS with pyramidal neuron somata. CCO activity was significantly reduced in stratum pyramidale (PY) 1 and cornu Ammonis field 4, the two regions with significant reduction in neuron somata density. CCO activity was also lower in layers that contain apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons and mossy fibers. It appears that copper deficiency in PY2 and PY3 comes before CCO activity reduction and neuronal loss. A strong positive correlation was found between neuron density, Cu concentration, and CCO activity.ConclusionsPresented results imply that pathological alterations in Cu and energy metabolism could be involved in the development of HS. A limitation of this study was the relatively small number of patients. However, presented results underline copper deficiency as a component of pathological mechanisms of epilepsy and warrant further investigation of cuproproteins and members of copper transport machinery.
Serum sickness following rituximab therapy in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris: A case report
Authors: Khatib Mohamad Y. , Allafi Solaiman M. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSerum sickness, a reaction presenting with a classic triad (fever, rash, myalgia/arthralgia), is considered as a rare adverse event following monoclonal antibodies and specifically following treatment with rituximab. This report describes a case of serum sickness in a newly treated young male patient with rituximab for pemphigus vulgaris.
How Oriented External Electric Fields Modulate Reactivity
Authors: Yu Song , Vermeeren Pascal , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA judiciously oriented external electric field (OEEF) can catalyze a wide range of reactions and can even induce endo/exo stereoselectivity of cycloaddition reactions. The Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride is studied by using quantitative activation strain and Kohn–Sham molecular orbital theory to pinpoint the origin of these catalytic and stereoselective effects. Our quantitative model reveals that an OEEF along the reaction axis induces an enhanced electrostatic and orbital interaction between the reactants, which in turn lowers the reaction barrier. The stronger electrostatic interaction originates from an increased electron density difference between the reactants at the reactive center, and the enhanced orbital interaction arises from the promoted normal electron demand donor–acceptor interaction driven by the OEEF. An OEEF perpendicular to the plane of the reaction axis solely stabilizes the exo pathway of this reaction, whereas the endo pathway remains unaltered and efficiently steers the endo/exo stereoselectivity. The influence of the OEEF on the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction is also investigated; unexpectedly, it inhibits the reaction, as the electric field now suppresses the critical inverse electron demand donor–acceptor interaction.
Local Structure Effects on Pressure Drop in Slender Fixed Beds of Spheres
Authors: Flaischlen Steffen , Kutscherauer Martin , Wehinger Gregor D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor slender fixed beds, the void fraction and flow properties are complex topics. Different factors can influence the local bed structure. For statistical analysis, 2800 fixed beds have been generated and the impact of friction factor and reactor‐to‐particle diameter ratio on the distribution has been shown. With particle‐resolved computational fluid dynamics, all local structure effects are taken into account for the flow simulations. Pressure drop measurements and simulations showed that these effects can lead to areas with low flow resistance, leading to overestimated pressure drop by typical correlations up to 85 %.
Late onset of Synaptotagmin 2a expression at synapses relevant to social behavior
Authors: Goode Collette , Voeun Mae , Ncube Denver , Eisen Judith , Washbourne Philip , Tallafuss Alexandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs they form, synapses go through various stages of maturation and refinement. These steps are linked to significant changes in synaptic function, potentially resulting in emergence and maturation of behavioral outputs. Synaptotagmins are calcium‐sensing proteins of the synaptic vesicle exocytosis machinery, and changes in Synaptotagmin proteins at synapses have significant effects on vesicle release and synaptic function. Here, we examined the distribution of the synaptic vesicle protein Synaptotagmin 2a (Syt2a) during development of the zebrafish nervous system. Syt2a is widely distributed throughout the midbrain and hindbrain early during larval development but very weakly expressed in the forebrain. Later in development, Syt2a expression levels in the forebrain increase, particularly in regions associated with social behavior, and most intriguingly, around the time social behavior becomes apparent. We provide evidence that Syt2a localizes to synapses onto neurons implicated in social behavior in the ventral forebrain and show that Syt2a is colocalized with tyrosine hydroxylase, a biosynthetic enzyme in the dopamine pathway. Our results suggest a developmentally important role for Syt2a in maturing synapses in the forebrain, coinciding with the emergence of social behavior.
A method to generate context information sets from analysis results with a unified abstraction model based on an extension of data enrichment scheme
Authors: Park Yoosang , Mun Jonghyeok , Choi Jongsun , Choi Jaeyoung , Kim Hoda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContext‐awareness techniques generally deal with steps for processing information that can be gathered from perspectives of objects in real‐world scenes in accordance with resolving heterogeneous devices and providing meaningful context information in recent computing domains such as Internet of Things, cloud computing, edge computing, and big data analysis. However, analysis applications are necessary to be improved in a way of cooperative approaches because they are independently executed far away from context‐aware systems. This means that the stages are applied to process the data or the derived results, are isolated. That leads difficulties of management and integration for other software modules. As a result, a computing paradigm called edge computing has been suggested to compromise such isolations. For processing context information, it is necessary to establish knowledge parts with validation processes against the isolations. In this paper, we suggest a method for processing datasets in a view of building knowledge parts. The suggested method uses an extensible data enrichment scheme, which represents the relations for the object. In the experiment section, applications of the proposed method are shown in one of the healthcare community centers, and the data abstraction with the analysis jobs can be processed for each real‐world object.
Changes in forage nutritive value of reduced‐lignin alfalfa during regrowth
Authors: Sulc R. Mark , Arnold Angela M. , Cassida Kimberly A. , Albrecht Kenneth A. , Hall Marvin H. , Min Doohong , Xu Xuan , Undersander Daniel J. , van Santen Edzard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenetically engineered alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars with reduced lignin (RL) concentration are commercially available but their change in nutritive value as the crop matures within a growth cycle has not been thoroughly documented and might differ from non‐RL cultivars. This research documents changes in forage nutritive value of a RL cultivar (HarvXtra‐008) and two non‐RL cultivars (54R02 and WL355RR) within five growth cycles across 2 yr in six states in the United States. A randomized complete block design with a split‐plot arrangement of treatment randomization was used, with harvest growth cycles assigned to whole plots and cultivars to subplots in field trials. Cultivars were sampled on 3‐ to 4‐d intervals between day 20 and 37 of regrowth. HarvXtra‐008 was consistently lower (P ≤ .05) in acid detergent lignin (ADL) by 7–10% and amylase‐treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) by 2–10% and 4–9% greater (P ≤ .05) in neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) than non‐RL cultivars across all sampling dates. Cultivar × regrowth duration interactions (P ≤ .05) were found only for ADL and aNDF in two of the five growth cycles sampled, when regression coefficients were always smaller for HarvXtra‐008 than 54R02. We calculated that the interval between harvests can be extended on average from 8 to 11 d for HarvXtra‐008 compared with non‐RL cultivars while maintaining adequate fiber digestibility for animals with high nutritional requirements; however, the extent of that longer harvest interval varied from 2 to 20 d depending on environmental conditions.
Evaluation of alleles at OsAGPS2, OsAGPL2, and OsSUT1 related to grain filling in rice in a common genetic background
Authors: Kato Tsuneo , Morita Ryutaro , Ootsuka Shinjiro , Wakabayashi Yu , Aoki Naohiro , Horibata Akira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoor grain filling, characterized by incidence of partially filled grain, is one of the major problems to be improved for maximizing the yield potential in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with numerous spikelets in a panicle (extra‐heavy panicle type [EHPT]). This study evaluated the grain‐filling‐related alleles at APS2 and APL2, the loci for the small and large subunits of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), respectively, and at SUT1, sucrose transporter, for their effects and interactions on grain filling and associated traits of EHPT cultivars. Two sets of derived lines were developed. Each of these lines was one of the eight possible homozygotes of alleles derived from rice cultivars Akenohoshi and Milyang 23 at the three loci in nearly common genetic backgrounds. They were examined for grain‐filling traits in two different years. Results showed that APL2‐2, and SUT1‐2 in part, derived from Milyang 23 showing relatively good grain filling, significantly improved grain filling compared with APL2‐1 and SUT1‐1 from Akenohoshi showing poor filling. This improvement in grain filling may result from increased AGPase activity and expression of APL2 and SUT1 proteins, by means of APL2‐2 and SUT1‐2. However, the variations in AGPase activity, protein expression, and the degree of grain filling were not associated with the gene expression of the three loci, implying post‐transcriptional regulation. These results strongly suggested that APL2‐2 and SUT1‐2 are associated with good grain filling.
Simple sequence repeat‐based mini‐core collection for white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata) germplasm
Authors: Pachakkil Babil , Yamanaka Shinsuke , Girma Gezahegn , Matsumoto Ryo , Tamiru‐Oli Muluneh , Bhattacharjee Ranjana , Abberton Michael , Muranaka Satoru , Asiedu Robert , Terauchi Ryohei , Takagi Hiroko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA core subset with a small number of accessions representing the genetic diversity of the base collection plays a vital role in facilitating efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. This is particularly relevant for vegetatively propagated large plant size tuber crops with a long growing period, such as white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.). For the efficient utilization of D. rotundata genetic resources, this study was aimed at developing a mini‐core collection from a core collection of 447 D. rotundata accessions maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Accordingly, a D. rotundata mini‐core collection representing 102 accessions was selected using 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, retaining ∼98% of the SSR allelic diversity of the base collection. A similar level of diversity was captured within the mini‐core collection and the base collection with respect to 21 morphological traits, ploidy level, and geographic origin. The mini‐core collection demonstrated a wide range of variation in agronomic traits such as growth period, number of tubers, average tuber weight, and total yield per plant. This variation was considerable when compared with the variation observed for the same traits among the 10 lines or genotypes conventionally used in the breeding program at IITA, which were included in this study as checks. The selected mini‐core accessions could serve as a working collection to broaden the genetic variation for use in practical breeding programs, as well as in future genomic analyses aimed at the genetic improvement of D. rotundata in West Africa.
Adjusting the Valence State of Vanadium in VO2(B) by Extracting Oxygen Anions for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wenwei , Xiao Yao , Zuo Chunli , Tang Wen , Liu Gangyuan , Wang Shiyu , Cai Wanyue , Dong Shijie , Luo Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVO2 generally has a higher theoretical capacity and layered structure suitable for the intercalation/extraction of zinc ions. However, Zn2+ ions with high charge density interact with the crystal lattice and limit further improvement in electrochemical performance. Defect engineering is a potential modification method with very promising application prospects, but the established procedures for preparing defects are complicated. In this study, VO2–x(B) with oxygen deficiency is prepared by a simple solution reaction with NaBH4. The presence of oxygen deficiencies is confirmed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorbance spectroscopy and others. Owing to the presence of oxygen defects, the aqueous Zn/VO2–x(B) battery exhibits improved specific capacity, excellent reversibility, and structural stability. Ex situ characterization techniques are employed to demonstrate the reversible insertion‐extraction mechanism of Zn2+ ions from and into the host material. In addition, the Zn/VO2–x(B) batteries still exhibit considerable electrochemical performance, even with high‐loading electrodes (about 4 mg cm−2).