bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Velocity Dispersions of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Their Host Clusters
Authors: Sohn Jubee , Geller Margaret J. , Diaferio Antonaldo , Rines Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We explore connections between brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and their host clusters. We first construct a HeCS-omnibus cluster sample including 227 galaxy clusters within 0.02 < z < 0.30; the total number of spectroscopic members from MMT/Hectospec and SDSS observations is 52325. Taking advantage of the large spectroscopic sample, we compute physical properties of the clusters including the dynamical mass and cluster velocity dispersion (σ
cl). We also measure the central stellar velocity dispersion of the BCGs (

) to examine the relation between BCG velocity dispersion and cluster velocity dispersion for the first time. The observed relation between BCG velocity dispersion and the cluster velocity dispersion is remarkably tight. Interestingly, the

ratio decreases as a function of σ
cl unlike the prediction from the numerical simulation of Dolag et al. The trend in

suggests that BCG formation is more efficient in lower mass halos.
Inverse First Ionization Potential Effects in Giant Solar Flares Found from Earth X-Ray Albedo with Suzaku/XIS
Authors: Katsuda Satoru , Ohno Masanori , Mori Koji , Beppu Tatsuhiko , Kanemaru Yoshiaki , Tashiro Makoto S. , Terada Yukikatsu , Sato Kosuke , Morita Kae , Sagara Hikari , Ogawa Futa , Takahashi Haruya , Murakami Hiroshi , Nobukawa Masayoshi , Tsunemi Hiroshi , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Matsumoto Hironori , Noda Hirofumi , Nakajima Hiroshi , Ezoe Yuichiro , Tsuboi Yohko , Maeda Yoshitomo , Yokoyama Takaaki , Narukage Noriyuki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We report X-ray spectroscopic results for four giant solar flares that occurred on 2005 September 7 (X17.0), 2005 September 8 (X5.4), 2005 September 9 (X6.2), and 2006 December 5 (X9.0), obtained from Earth albedo data with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) on board Suzaku. The good energy resolution of the XIS (FWHM ∼ 100 eV) enables us to separate a number of line-like features and detect the underlying continuum emission. These features include Si Heα, Si Lyα, S Heα, S Lyα, Ar Heα, and Ca Heα originating from solar flares as well as fluorescent Ar Kα and Ar Kβ from the Earth’s atmosphere. Absolute elemental abundances (X/H) averaged over the four flares are obtained to be ∼2.0 (Ca), ∼0.7 (Si), ∼0.3 (S), and ∼0.9 (Ar) at around flare peaks. This abundance pattern is similar to those of active stars’ coronae showing inverse first ionization potential (i-FIP) effects, i.e., elemental abundances decrease with decreasing FIP with a turnover at the low end of the FIP. The abundances are almost constant during the flares, with the exception of Si which increases by a factor of ∼2 in the decay phase. The evolution of the Si abundance is consistent with the finding that the i-FIP plasma originates from chromospheric evaporation and then mixes with the surrounding low-FIP biased materials. Flare-to-flare abundance varied by a factor of two, agreeing with past observations of solar flares. Finally, we emphasize that Earth albedo data acquired by X-ray astronomy satellites like Suzaku and the X-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy Mission can significantly contribute to studies of solar physics.
Asymmetries and Broadenings of Spectral Lines in Strongly Charged Iron Produced during Solar Flares
Authors: Mandage Revati S. , Bradshaw Stephen J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Spatially resolved spectroscopic observations show wing enhancements and broadening in extreme ultraviolet emission lines, particularly in hot iron lines. Various explanations ranging from plasma turbulence and magnetic perturbations, to nonthermal ion populations and multiple flows in unresolved structures have been proposed. In this work, we revisit the role of single loop plasma dynamics in spectral line shape by reproducing the wing enhancements of Fe xxiii and xxiv observed during a C-class solar flare using a single loop hydrodynamic model. We also run simulations with different loop lengths and the same beam parameters to investigate the role of loop length in line broadening and asymmetry. We find that the single loop model successfully reproduces line asymmetries and the loop length plays an important role in explaining some of the key observations such as the positive correlation between the Doppler shifts and line width, and broad but symmetric hot Fe lines.
Temporal Evolution of the Inverse Evershed Flow
Authors: Beck C. , Choudhary D. P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The inverse Evershed flow (IEF) is an inflow of material into the penumbra of sunspots in the solar chromosphere that occurs along dark, elongated super-penumbral fibrils extending from about the outer edge of the moat cell to the sunspot. The IEF channels exhibit brightenings in the penumbra, where the supersonic IEF descends to the photosphere causing shock fronts with localized heating. We used an 1 hr time series of spectroscopic observations of the chromospheric spectral lines of Ca ii IR at 854 nm and Hα at 656 nm taken with the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer at the Dunn Solar Telescope to investigate the temporal evolution of IEF channels. Complementary information on the photospheric magnetic field was obtained from observations with the Facility Infrared Spectropolarimeter at 1083 nm and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. We find that individual IEF channels are long-lived (10–60 minutes) and only show minor changes in position and flow speed during their lifetime. Initiation and termination of IEF channels takes several minutes. The IEF channels with line-of-sight velocities of about 10 km s−1 show no lasting impact from transient or oscillatory phenomena with maximal velocity amplitudes of only about 1 km s−1 that run along them. We could not detect any clear correlation of the location and evolution of IEF channels to local magnetic field properties in the photosphere in the penumbra or moving magnetic features in the sunspot moat. Our results support a picture of the IEF as a field-aligned siphon flow along arched loops. From our data we cannot determine if their evolution is controlled by events at the outer end in the moat or at the inner end in the penumbra.
Betelgeuse Just Is Not That Cool: Effective Temperature Alone Cannot Explain the Recent Dimming of Betelgeuse
Authors: Levesque Emily M. , Massey Philip 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present optical spectrophotometry of the red supergiant (RSG) Betelgeuse from 2020 February 15, during its recent unprecedented dimming episode. By comparing this spectrum to stellar atmosphere models for cool supergiants, as well as spectrophotometry of other Milky Way RSGs, we conclude that Betelgeuse has a current effective temperature of 3600 ± 25 K. While this is slightly cooler than previous measurements taken prior to Betelgeuse’s recent lightcurve evolution, this drop in effective temperature is insufficient to explain Betelgeuse’s recent optical dimming. We propose that episodic mass loss and an increase in the amount of large-grain circumstellar dust along our sightline to Betelgeuse is the most likely explanation for its recent photometric evolution.
An Analysis of the Intention of Consumers to Adopt Branded Mobile Applications in South Africa
Authors: Minnaar Pierre , Mototo Lebogang , Chuchu Tinashe 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study was to conduct an empirical research on adoption of the technology acceptance model on investigating consumers’ intention to-wards the acceptance of branded mobile applications in South Africa. The study was quantitative in nature where 255 participants were utilised for data collection. To analyse the data structural equation modeling approach us-ing SPSS 24 and Amos 24 was conducted. Key findings were that the per-ceived usefulness of mobile phone applications and their enjoyment had direct and significant impact of consumer attitudes towards the adoption of those mobile applications. The implications of these key findings were that for mo-bile applications to be adopted in South Africa marketer have to find the best possible ways of making mobile applications user friendly and convenient whether be it for commerce or entertainment purposes.
Smart Shopping System with RFID Technology Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Hussien Naseer Ali , Alsaidi Saif Abd alradha , Ajlan Iman Kadhim , Mohamed Firdhous Mohamed Fazil , Alrikabi Haider TH. Salim 
Published: March 2020

<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) incorporates most extensive number of innovations and imagines a mixture of things or questions around us that, through one of a kind tending to plans and standard correspondence conventions, consume the ability to connect through one another's also collaborate by their neighbors in the direction of attain regular purposes. The misuse of such a standard has been broadly explored in Internet-related investigates. As a result, a few plans have been suggested that utilization informal organizations to hunt Internet assets, to course activity, or to choose powerful strategies for substance dissemination. The essential understood this knowledge remains persistent locality everywhere us as a diverse carrier of things or articles – i.e. Radio-Frequency identification (RFID) sensors, labels, cellular telephones, actuators, and more – that finished novel inclining to ideas, consume the ability to subordinate through one another besides chip in through their neighbors to realize normal objectives of shopping situation in business sector. Web of Things (IoT) overpowered standard imperfection for structure code, which backing to shopping in business sector or undertaking gathering of most prominent concern and examinant.</p><p> </p>
Intrinsic Prey Preference and Selection of the Giant Gartersnake: A Threatened Predator in a Nonnative Prey-Dominated Community
Authors: Ersan Julia S.M. , Halstead Brian J. , Wildy Erica L. , Casazza Michael L. , Wylie Glenn D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The introduction of exotic species into an environment can introduce great change in the trophic dynamics of native species. This is of even greater concern if the native species is of conservation concern. The giant gartersnake, Thamnophis gigas, an endemic predator of the Central Valley of California and a species of conservation concern at the state and federal levels, has declined as a result of conversion of its once vast wetland habitat to agriculture. Another anthropogenic factor contributing to this snake's changing ecology is the introduction of nonnative prey into the species' habitats. These introductions have resulted in a prey community that is almost completely composed of exotic species and have potential for considerable effects. In order to assess prey preference and selection we performed three sets of behavioral trials on naïve neonates. We examined 1) neonate prey preference in response to olfactory cues of prepared prey extracts, 2) neonate consumption of different live prey items presented simultaneously; and 3) terrestrial feeding behavior and/or latency to successful attack. Results from the olfactory study suggest that native Sierran treefrogs, Pseudacris sierra, are preferred by neonates. Results from consumption trials suggest that neonates are more likely to select frog species than fish species. This is the first study that we are aware of that examines prey selection of this threatened species and serves to inform its conservation and management.
Potential Impacts of Future Urbanization and Sea Level Rise on Florida's Natural Resources
Authors: Romañach Stephanie S. , Benscoter Allison M. , Haider Saira M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As urban development continues to encroach into natural systems, these ecosystems experience increasing degradation to their form and function. Changing climatic conditions further compound the losses in biodiversity and ecosystem function. The state of Florida is known for its biodiversity but has experienced declines in species populations and habitats because of urbanization and sea level rise. Because Florida benefits from a multibillion-dollar income from natural resources tourism, these declines challenge the state's economy. In this study, we assessed the potential future impacts of urbanization and sea level rise on a suite of conservation targets that have been set for the state. We developed six scenarios of all combinations of intermediate and high sea level rise paired with two types of urbanization, sprawling and compact, in both 2040 and 2070 to examine the potential future threats to conservation targets in High Pine and Scrub, Coastal Uplands, and Freshwater Aquatics ecosystems. Our results show projected decreases in extent and area of these priority ecosystems into the future. Under Florida's current trends in urbanization practices, projections indicate a greater impact on conservation targets than if sprawl reduction practices are implemented. Projections indicate that Coastal Uplands will experience the greatest loss in area, at up to 47%. Conservation-focused urban planning and climate adaptation strategies can help protect Florida's natural resources with benefits to Florida's tourism economy as well as critical ecosystem functions and services such as coastal flood protection and storm surge risk reduction.
Young Adults' Perception of Parenting Style
Authors: Rajan Sukanya , Navaneetham Janardhana , Philip Mariamma , Muralidhar D. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
This study sought to understand the perception of parenting style among young adults using qualitative method.

Methods:
Five focus group discussions were carried out with 29 participants. A self-prepared semi-structured interview, face validated by experts in the field and socio demographic sheet and focus group discussion guide was used for collecting the data. The data were transcribed and thematically analyzed.

Results:
The overarching themes were privacy, control, autonomy, discipline, love, and warmth and unconditional acceptance of parents.

Conclusion:
Sociocultural background and culture seems to be one of the strongest determinants in assessing the perception of parenting style among young adults.
Influence of Benzotriazole and Cerium Chloride on Anticorrosion Performance of Cu-0.25Se-0.25Te Alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution
Authors: Liao Xin , Huang Ruijie , Zhu Dachuan , Yan Qun 
Published: March 2020

The effect of the addition of benzotriazole (BTA) or cerium chloride separately and in combination on the anticorrosion performance of Cu-Se-Te alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution has been investigated. The results show that the addition of either BTA or cerium chloride significantly reduces the corrosion rate of Cu-0.25Se-0.25Te, but BTA exhibits a better inhibition effect. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscope analysis displays that the separate addition of BTA or cerium chloride makes the depth of corrosion pit of the sample decrease and the corroded surface smooth. With the combination of BTA and cerium chloride rising, the surface of the sample becomes much flatter and no obvious corrosion pit is found. Energy dispersive spectrum and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses suggest that when BTA and cerium chloride are added together, CeO2, Ce(OH)3, or complex formed by Ce and BTA might deposit on the surface of copper alloy, which induces the passivation film on the surface of the alloy to become denser and enhances the binding strength of the interface between the surface film and the matrix, thus improving the corrosion inhibition performance of the complex system.
Interventions Supporting Mental Health and Positive Behavior in Children Ages Birth–5 Yr: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kingsley Karrie , Sagester Grace , Weaver Lindy L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Importance: It is critical for providers to use evidence-based interventions to address mental health and behavioral barriers to occupational performance during early childhood.
Objective: To identify evidence-based interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to improve mental health and positive behavior for children ages 0–5 yr and their families.
Data Sources: PsycINFO, Cochrane, ERIC, MEDLINE, and OTseeker databases were searched for publications from 2010 through March 2017.
Study Selection and Data Collection: This review was completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed for each article using either A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) or the Cochrane method. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were critically appraised.
Findings: Forty-six articles met inclusion criteria and were organized into three themes: touch-based interventions (n = 9), parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT; n = 4), and instruction-based interventions (n = 33). Statistically significant findings and overall risk of bias supported the use of touch-based interventions, PCIT, and parent training.
Conclusions and Relevance: The evidence indicates that touch-based interventions can improve infant self-regulation (strong), social behavior, and attachment (moderate) and reduce maternal stress, anxiety, and depression (low). Moderate-strength evidence supports PCIT to improve child behavior. The evidence indicates that parent training can improve parent behavior, maternal–infant attachment (strong), and parent mental health (moderate). Teacher training can improve mental health and behavior (moderate). Group-based parent training and sleep training have insufficient support (low).
What This Article Adds: Occupational therapy professionals working with children younger than age 5 yr can use the results of this systematic review to guide clinical decision making related to mental health and behavioral outcomes.
Investigating ENSO and its teleconnections under climate change in an ensemble view – a new perspective
Authors: Haszpra Tímea , Herein Mátyás , Bódai Tamás 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The changes in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and its precipitation-related teleconnections over the globe under climate change are investigated in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble from 1950 to 2100. For the investigation, a recently developed ensemble-based method, the snapshot empirical orthogonal function (SEOF) analysis, is used. The instantaneous ENSO pattern is defined as the leading mode of the SEOF analysis carried out at a given time instant over the ensemble. The corresponding principal components (PC1s) characterize the ENSO phases. By considering sea surface temperature (SST) regression maps, we find that the largest changes in the typical amplitude of SST fluctuations occur in the June–July–August–September (JJAS) season, in the Niño3–Niño3.4 (5∘ N–5∘ S, 170–90∘ W; NOAA Climate Prediction Center) region, and the western part of the Pacific Ocean; however, the increase is also considerable along the Equator in December–January–February (DJF). The Niño3 amplitude also shows an increase of about 20 % and 10 % in JJAS and DJF, respectively. The strength of the precipitation-related teleconnections of the ENSO is found to be nonstationary, as well. For example, the anticorrelation with precipitation in Australia in JJAS and the positive correlation in central and northern Africa in DJF are predicted to be more pronounced by the end of the 21th century. Half-year-lagged correlations, aiming to predict precipitation conditions from ENSO phases, are also studied. The Australian and Indonesian precipitation and that of the eastern part of Africa in both JJAS and DJF seem to be well predictable based on the ENSO phase, while the southern Indian precipitation relates to the half-year previous ENSO phase only in DJF. The strength of these connections increases, especially from the African region to the Arabian Peninsula.
Editing Arrington
Authors: Bergera Gary James 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the 1990s, editor Lavina Fielding Anderson started a section in the Journal of Mormon History that she called Encounter. She asked an author of a biography and/or an edited collection of papers to explain what she described as the “Encounter.” As she wrote in her explanatory letter: “The focus is not on the life and achievements of the subject but the struggle to understand that person’s mind. Usually, but not always, it’s a broadening and enriching experience for the biographer, who learns more about himself or herself in the process.” She offered some possible questions: “Did you like the subject? Trust him/her? Respect him/her? Find parts of his/her life mystifying and even distasteful? What was the dynamic between your personal and professional values system and the personality that became apparent to you as you studied your subject? What did that kind of encounter teach you, and what reflections do you have about the value of such an encounter, not only for the readers of your book, but also for readers of history in general?”
The Journal is reintroducing this section on an occasional basis. We start with Gary James Bergera’s reflection on editing Leonard J. Arrington’s diaries. Bergera won the Best Documentary awards from the Utah State Historical Society and the John Whitmer Historical Association in 2019.
Health System Preparedness for Screening of Cervical Cancer: Situational Analysis in Tribal District of Gujarat State, India
Authors: Parmar Chandni P , Saiyed Shahin L , Vora Kranti S 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Cervical cancer control program is well implemented prevention and control programme by health system in India. The study is to understand the health system situation for implementation of the programme as per WHO Framework theme and findings. The second objective is to propose Screening Model in one of the tribal district of Gujarat.
Methodology: Cross sectional study was done in randomly selected blocks of Aravalli district. Data were collected by using quantitative facility checklist and questionnaires for health care providers, health official were interviewed by using semi structured questionnaire. Secondary data review was conducted to understand financial condition and reporting mechanism.
Results: Majority of Health facilities have basic infrastructure to carry out screening programme for cervical cancer, although only 2% health institution are providing pap smear services. A few women are being screened. Lack of community awareness, Lack of skill based training and awareness among health care professionals for screening methods for cervical cancer were the most common reasons reported in our study.
Conclusion: The study suggested urgent need to generate demand from the community by increasing community participation, provide skill based training and motivation for work among health care providers to increase uptake of screening for cervical cancer programme to reduce mortality among women.