bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observing once‐in‐a‐lifetime weather: the early snows of October 2008
Authors: Currie Ian 
Published: April 2020

Snow lying in October at low levels in the UK is unusual even in Scotland, which is closer to the source of Arctic air necessary for its occurrence and with lower sea temperatures. Rarity increases further south, and for the southern Home Counties a single occurrence of lying snow was not reported in October during the twentieth century. As a consequence, the snow which fell in Surrey during the evening and into the night on 28 October 2008, establishing a snow cover, was the first such occasion in over 120 years. In places, snow lay for two days, during a period in which the month of October has shown significant warming.I have been recording the weather instrumentally for nigh on 58 years. From 1979 until 2018 my observations were from Coulsdon (128m amsl) on the Surrey‐south London border, just south of Croydon. During this time I experienced some outstanding meteorological events, including the Great October storm of 1987. But there was one occurrence that has proved unique, namely the early snowfall of 28‐29 October 2008, which affected even central London. It took many observers by surprise though it was forecast but not quite so far south and was somewhat underreported by the media.
The L-shaped modification of the transverse upper gracilis (TUG) flap
Authors: Berner Juan Enrique , Henton John M. D. , Blackburn Adam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA variety of free tissue flaps have been described for autologous breast reconstruction. Although the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is most microsurgeons’ first choice, there is no consensus regarding which is the second-best alternative. The transverse upper gracilis (TUG) flap has gained popularity for cases where the abdomen is not a suitable donor site. This musculocutaneous flap has the advantage of an easy dissection, allowing the harvest of tissue from the medial thigh area with the patient supine. However, drawbacks include a tedious donor site closure and a limited amount of soft tissue that can be transferred. The authors hereby present a modification of the TUG flap, introducing an L-shaped skin paddle: the L-shaped upper gracilis (LUG) flap. This alternative allows harvesting extra tissue from the medial thigh, while providing an easier donor site closure with the patient supine. A prospective case series of 14 LUG flaps is presented. No flap failures or episodes of fat necrosis were encountered; only one developed a donor site seroma that settled after drainage. The LUG flap is a useful development of the TUG flap concept providing up to 50% more tissue than a standard TUG flap with an aesthetically pleasing donor site closure which is useful for cases in which abdominal flaps are not possible.Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
Epigenetic contribution to obesity
Authors: Ouni Meriem , Schürmann Annette 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObesity is a worldwide epidemic and contributes to global morbidity and mortality mediated via the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular (CVD) and other diseases. It is a consequence of an elevated caloric intake, a sedentary lifestyle and a genetic as well as an epigenetic predisposition. This review summarizes changes in DNA methylation and microRNAs identified in blood cells and different tissues in obese human and rodent models. It includes information on epigenetic alterations which occur in response to fat-enriched diets, exercise and metabolic surgery and discusses the potential of interventions to reverse epigenetic modifications.
Liver transplantation in elderly patients: what do we know at the beginning of 2020?
Authors: Dolnikov Shimon , Adam René , Cherqui Daniel , Allard Marc Antoine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn aging population has prompted us to evaluate the indications of liver transplantation (LT) in elderly patients more frequently. In this review, we summarize the short- and long-term results after LT in elderly patients and also discuss the criteria used to select patients and how recipient age can challenge current allocation systems. Briefly, the feasibility and early outcomes of LT in elderly patients compare favorably with those of younger patients. Although long-term survival is less than satisfactory, large-scale studies show that the transplant survival benefit is similar for elderly and younger patients. Therefore, age alone does not contraindicate LT; however, screening for cardiopulmonary comorbidities, and asymptomatic malignancies, evaluating nutritional status, and frailty, is crucial to ensure optimal results and avoid futile transplantation.
Stable Hg(II)-mediated base pairs with a phenanthroline-derived nucleobase surrogate in antiparallel-stranded DNA
Authors: Jash Biswarup , Müller Jens 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetal-mediated base pairs involving artificial nucleobases have emerged as a promising means for the site-specific functionalization of nucleic acids with metal ions. In this context, a GNA-appended (GNA: glycol nucleic acid) nucleoside analogue containing the artificial nucleobase 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (P) has already been applied successfully in a variety of homo- and heteroleptic metal-mediated base pairs, mainly involving Ag(I) ions. Herein, we report a thorough investigation of the Hg(II)-binding properties ofPwhen incorporated into antiparallel-stranded DNA duplexes. The artificial nucleobasePis able to form Hg(II)-mediated homoleptic base pairs of the typeP–Hg(II)–Pwith a [2 + 2] coordination environment. In addition, the heterolepticP–Hg(II)–Tpair was investigated. The addition of a stoichiometric amount of Hg(II) to a duplex comprising either aP:Ppair or aP:Tpair stabilizes the DNA duplex by 4.3 °C and 14.5 °C, respectively. TheP–Hg(II)–Tbase pair, hence, represents the most stabilizing non-organometallic Hg(II)-mediated base pair reported to date. The formation of the Hg(II)-mediated base pairs was investigated by means of temperature-dependent UV spectroscopy and CD spectroscopy.Graphic abstract
Refractive index matching (RIM) of liquid and semi-solid materials to acrylic glass for optically measuring the mechanics in soft granular matter
Authors: Vulprecht Lennart , Gerstenberg Christoph , Rauh Cornelia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The main context of this research is the fluid mechanical analysis of stirred chunky fruit preparations, which are typically highly loaded suspensions (ca. 50%w/w) with particles susceptible to mechanical damage. Knowledge about the transport of such particles in fluid matrices is important in natural and technical processes and can be obtained using optical measurement techniques, e.g. Particle Image Velocimetry. Matching the refractive indices of the relevant material components, a way to ensure signal reliability, is difficult for highly concentrated dispersed systems. Material properties such as plasticity and elasticity of the solid phase and the rheological behaviour of the fluid must be met simultaneously. Fluid motion across the full range of the stirred volume and the immediate surroundings of the stirrer could not be observed without successful refractive index matching of acrylic glass, stirred liquid, and suspended particles. Using the presented materials, the mechanical firmness (but not the resistance against breaking) of soft granular matter can be mimicked. The movement of gel particles in suspensions, their resulting deformation and ultimately, the inflicted damage can be observed with optical methods. The rigidity of the gels may be varied to some extent with the concentrations of the respective hydrocolloids, which, at low concentrations, have no apparent effect on the refractive index. Introducing ethanol, thickeners or other components may yield more degrees of freedom in modelling their flow behaviour.

Graphic abstract
DSC study of hydration and water-holding behaviour of cultured in vitro mycelium and naturally grown fruiting bodies of freeze-dried Boletus badius, Agaricus bisporus and Cantharellus cibarius
Authors: Talik Przemysław , Piwowarczyk Joanna , Muszyńska Bożena , Hubicka Urszula 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to calculate the content of non-freezing water (NFW) as well as amount of water associated with the evaporation process (Nev) in the chosen species of fungi. The study focused on lyophilized in vitro mycelium and commonly cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus, Boletus badius and Cantharellus cibarius. Both NFW and Nev were examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The above-mentioned types of water are important components of the state diagram that is a kind of functional graph helping in identifying food stability during storage and selecting suitable conditions of temperature and moisture content for processing. The content of non-freezing water in all examined samples ranged between 0.19 and 0.31 g g−1. The estimated amount of water associated with the evaporation process was found to be between 0.05 and 0.13 g g−1. The obtained results were variable and highly dependent on fungus species, origin (in vitro mycelium vs cultivated) and content of accumulated metals. The influence of these factors is discussed. In order to determine statistical significance, selected samples were measured at least 5 times; the relative standard of deviation (%RSD) did not exceed 4.45 of measured enthalpies. In the group of mycelium from in vitro cultures, the DSC method was used for the first time. The publication also compared the NFW and Nev values with those obtained for naturally grown fruiting bodies of the same species.
Advanced liver disease outcomes after hepatitis C eradication by human immunodeficiency virus infection in PITER cohort
Authors:   on behalf of PITER Collaborating Group, Quaranta Maria Giovanna , Ferrigno Luigina , Monti Monica , Filomia Roberto , Biliotti Elisa , Iannone Andrea , Migliorino Guglielmo , Coco Barbara , Morisco Filomena , Vinci Maria , D’Ambrosio Roberta , Chemello Liliana , Massari Marco , Ieluzzi Donatella , Russo Francesco Paolo , Blanc Pierluigi , Verucchi Gabriella , Puoti Massimo , Rumi Maria Grazia , Barbaro Francesco , Santantonio Teresa Antonia , Federico Alessandro , Chessa Luchino , Gentile Ivan , Zuin Massimo , Parruti Giustino , Morsica Giulia , Kondili Loreta A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Liver disease progression after Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) eradication following direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in the real-life setting according to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) coinfection was evaluated.

Methods
Patients consecutively enrolled in PITER between April 2014 and June 2019 and with at least 12-weeks follow-up following treatment were analysed. Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate HIV coinfection and factors independently associated with liver disease outcomes following viral eradication in DAA treated patients with pre-treatment liver cirrhosis.

Results
93 HIV/HCV coinfected and 1109 HCV monoinfected patients were evaluated during a median follow-up of 26.7 (range 6–44.6) and 24.6 (range 6.8–47.3) months, respectively. No difference in the cumulative HCC incidence and hepatic decompensation was observed between coinfected and monoinfected patients. Age (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.08; 95% CI 1.04–1.13), male sex (HR = 2.76; 95% CI 1.28–5.96), lower albumin levels (HR = 3.94; 95% CI 1.81–8.58), genotype 3 (HR = 5.05; 95% CI 1.75–14.57) and serum anti-HBc positivity (HR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.01–3.95) were independently associated with HCC incidence. Older age (HR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.00–1.07), male sex (HR = 2.13; 95% CI 1.06–4.26) and lower albumin levels (HR = 3.75; 95% CI 1.89–7.46) were independently associated with the appearance of a decompensating event after viral eradication.

Conclusion
Different demographic, clinical and genotype distribution between HIV coinfected vs those monoinfected, was observed in a representative cohort of HCV infected patients in Italy. Once liver cirrhosis is established the disease progression is decreased, but still persists regardless of viral eradication in both coinfected and monoinfected patients. In patients with cirrhosis, HIV coinfection was not associated with a higher probability of liver complications, after viral eradication.
Optimizing the separation factor along a directional well trajectory to minimize collision risk
Authors: Mansouri Vahid , Khosravanian Rasool , Wood David A. , Aadnøy Bernt Sigve 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOptimizing the trajectory of directional wellbores is essential to minimize drilling costs and the impacts of potential drilling problems. It poses multi-objective optimization challenges. Well-design optimization models initially focus on wellbore-length minimization, but ideally also need to consider minimizing the surface torque during drilling and address, among other constraints, collision avoidance with offset wells. A novel trajectory-optimization model is described that computes the separation factor along the wellbore. It employs a genetic optimization algorithm with an objective function that maximizes the minimum separation factor along the entire length of a wellbore. Plausible well trajectories are identified within a feasible solution space defined by user-identified constraints. The simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed model are demonstrated using a case study involving real well data from the Reshadat oil field offshore southern Iran. In the case considered, a proposed well trajectory is identified as unsafe in terms of its minimum separation factor with an offset well and is re-planned with the proposed model to achieve a safer trajectory.
Novel Fiber Optic Current Transformer With New Phase Modulation Method
Authors: Qi Yuefeng , Wang Mingjun , Jiang Fengxian , Zhang Xin , Cong Bitong , Liu Yanyan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBased on the transverse electro-optic effect of lithium niobate crystal, combined with polarizers and Faraday rotator, this paper presents a collinear closed-loop fiber optic current transformer with spatial non-reciprocity modulation method, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified by both the theoretical and experimental evidences. The detection scheme avoids the limitation of the transition time of the sensing fiber coil on the phase modulation frequency, improves the sensitivity and stability of the system, and reduces the volume and cost of fiber optic current transformer. The sawtooth wave modulation scheme is adopted to realize phase bias modulation and feedback modulation through phase shift of sawtooth wave to achieve closed-loop detection effect, which enhances the signal to noise ratio and simplifies demodulation mode. The experimental results show that the current ratio errors measured at room temperature range from 1% to 120% of rated current meet the requirements of national standard GB/T 20840.8-2007 and reach the accuracy level of 0.2S. The temperature stability of the current transformer is also tested, and the ratio error measured at the rated current does not exceed ±0.2% in the range of -30 °C to 50 °C.
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Neuromuscular Blockade: What Are the Recommendations in the USA and Other Countries?
Authors: Nemes Réka , Renew J. Ross 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review addresses various societal guidelines, standards, and consensus statements regarding optimal neuromuscular blockade management. We discuss the historical evolution of neuromuscular management as a means of identifying possible future trends.

Recent Findings
While a recent international panel of experts has called for abandoning clinical assessment and subjective evaluation using a peripheral nerve stimulator in favor of adopting quantitative monitoring, few anesthesia societies mandate similar practices at the moment.

Summary
The current status of neuromuscular monitoring in the world is still variable and unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, a positive trend can be observed in the anesthesia community to adopt and learn this neglected technique. The development of user-friendly monitoring devices should also help this process, but anesthesia national societies still need to do a lot to replace outdated and substandard practices.
Effect of Relative Compaction on Water Absorption and Gypsum Dissolution in Gypsum-Rich Clayey CBR Samples
Authors: Razouki Sabah S. , Kuttah Dina K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA clayey gypsiferous soil of CL group according to the Unified Soil Classification System was studied for the effect of relative compaction on water absorption and gypsum dissolution during long-term soaking. The soil has a gypsum content of about 33%. Two sets of soil samples were prepared at optimum moisture content of 11.75% of the modified Proctor compaction test. The first set received 100%, while the second received about 93.5% relative compaction with respect to modified Proctor. These samples were soaked for 4, 7, 15, 30, and 120 days under 40 lbs (178 N) surcharge load. The moisture content was determined at top, quarter points, midpoint, and bottom of each soil sample. The test results revealed that for each compaction effort, the moisture content along each soaked soil sample is not uniform and increased with increasing soaking period. This increase in moisture content is greater for soil samples compacted at the lower compaction effort. The moisture content at top of each soil sample is greater than at the bottom, and the least moisture content took place at the middle of the sample. The dissolution of gypsum, at the top of soil samples, was greater than that at the middle. A multiple regression equation was developed relating strongly the decrease in gypsum content along the clayey CBR samples, with compaction effort and increase in average moisture content along the samples due to soaking. Similarly, strong correlation was obtained from the multiple regression developed between absorbed water, soaking period, and compaction effort. The paper shows that the water absorption and gypsum dissolution decrease with increasing relative compaction as the soil becomes denser.
Users' experiences with chatbots: findings from a questionnaire study
Authors: Følstad Asbjørn , Brandtzaeg Petter Bae 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor chatbots to be broadly adopted by users, it is critical that they are experienced as useful and pleasurable. While there is an emerging body of research concerning user uptake and use of chatbots, there is a lack of theoretically grounded studies detailing what constitutes good or poor chatbot user experiences. In this paper, we present findings from a questionnaire study involving more than 200 chatbot users who reported on episodes of chatbot use that they found particularly satisfactory or frustrating. The user reports were analysed with basis in theory on user experience, with particular concern for pragmatic and hedonic attributes. We found that pragmatic attributes such as efficient assistance (positive) and problems with interpretation (negative) were important elements in user reports of satisfactory and frustrating episodes. Hedonic attributes such as entertainment value (positive) and strange and rude responses (negative) were also frequently mentioned. Older participants tended to report on pragmatic attributes more often, whereas younger participants tended to report on hedonic attributes more often. Drawing on the findings, we propose four high-level lessons learnt that may benefit chatbot service providers, and we suggest relevant future research.
Two Aspects of Decadal ENSO Variability Modulating the Long‐Term Global Carbon Cycle
Authors: Park So‐Won , Kim Jin‐Soo , Kug Jong‐Seong , Stuecker Malte F. , Kim In‐Won , Williams Mathew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives variations in terrestrial carbon fluxes by affecting the terrestrial ecosystem via atmospheric teleconnections and thus plays an important role in interannual variability of the global carbon cycle. However, we lack such knowledge on decadal time scales, that is, how the carbon cycle can be affected by decadal variations of ENSO characteristics. Here we examine how, and by how much, decadal ENSO variability affects decadal variability of the global carbon cycle by analyzing a 1,801‐year preindustrial control simulation. We identify two different aspects, together explaining ~36% of the decadal variations in the global carbon cycle. First, climate variations induced by decadal ENSO‐like variability regulate terrestrial carbon flux and hence atmospheric CO2 on decadal time scales. Second, decadal changes in the asymmetrical response of the terrestrial ecosystem, resulting from decadal modulation of ENSO amplitude and asymmetry, rectify the background mean state, thereby generating decadal variability of land carbon fluxes.
Fast camera spatial characterization of photonic polarization entanglement
Authors: Ianzano Christopher , Svihra Peter , Flament Mael , Hardy Andrew , Cui Guodong , Nomerotski Andrei , Figueroa Eden 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScalable technologies to characterize the performance of quantum devices are crucial to creating large quantum networks and quantum processing units. Chief among the resources of quantum information processing is entanglement. Here we describe the full temporal and spatial characterization of polarization-entangled photons produced by Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversions using an intensified high-speed optical camera, Tpx3Cam. This novel technique allows for precise determination of Bell inequality parameters with minimal technical overhead, and for new characterization methods for the spatial distribution of entangled quantum information. The fast-optical camera could lead to multiple applications in Quantum Information Science, opening new perspectives for the scalability of quantum experiments.
The dynamics of actin network turnover is self-organized by a growth-depletion feedback
Authors: Bleicher P. , Sciortino A. , Bausch A. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of actin networks is modulated by a machinery consisting of actin binding proteins that control the turnover of filaments in space and time. To study this complex orchestration, in vitro reconstitution approaches strive to project actin dynamics in ideal, minimal systems. To this extent we reconstitute a self-supplying, dense network of globally treadmilling filaments. In this system we analyze growth and intrinsic turnover by means of FRAP measurements and thereby demonstrate how the depletion of monomers and actin binding partners modulate the dynamics in active actin networks. The described effects occur only in dense networks, as single filament dynamics are unable to produce depletion effects to this extent. Furthermore, we demonstrate a synergistic relationship between the nucleators formin and Arp2/3 when branched networks and formin-induced networks are colocalized. As a result, the formin-enhanced filament turnover depletes cofilin at the surface and thus protects the dense, Arp2/3 polymerized network from debranching. Ultimately, these results may be key for understanding the maintenance of the two contradicting requirements of network stability and dynamics in cells.