bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of the β-glucosidase Family in Five Rosaceae Species and their Potential Role on Lignification of Stone Cells in Chinese White Pear
Authors: Wang Han , Zhang Yang , Zhao Yu , Han Wenlong , Lu Jinjin , Cheng Xi , Li Guohui , Jin Qing , Cai Yongping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The β-glucosidase BGLU in the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) is involved in the sugar metabolism of the plant and plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological function of the plant. Recent studies had shown that β-glucosidase was involved in plant lignification. The lignification in pear fruit is closely related to the formation of pear stone cells, but the BGLU genes family has not been identified in pears.Result: A total of 343 BGLU genes were identified from five species of Rosaceae (Pyrus bretschneideri, Prunus mume, Malus domestica, Prunus avium, Fragaria vesca). According to phylogenetic analysis, 50 PbBGLUs were divided into 8 groups. 298 syntenic pairs were found in intra- and inter-species collinear analysis of five Rosaceae species, found that pears and apples had more syntenic pairs than pear and the other three Rosaceae species. The Ka/Ks analysis of duplication PbBGLU genes in pear indicated that the main mode of expansion of the PbBGLUs was segmental replication and was mainly affected by purification. qRT-PCR showed that the three gene expression patterns of PbBGLU1, PbBGLU15 and PbBGLU16 were basically consistent with the change trend of pear fruit lignin and stone cell content, and may be involved in lignification and stone cell development of pear fruit. Subcellular localization showed that these three candidate genes were all located on the cell wall.Conclusion: In this study, a genome-wide analysis of BGLU genes in five Rosaceae species was carried out, and three candidate genes related to lignification and stone cell development of pear fruits were identified, which laid the foundation for a deeper understanding of the function of BGLU genes in pear fruits and potential in changing pear fruit quality.
Antioxidant-rich diet, GSTP1 rs1871042 polymorphism, and gastric cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study
Authors: Kim Jimi , Kim Hyejin , Lee Jeonghee , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young-Il , Kim Jeongseon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Chronic gastritis along with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been implicated in inflammatory response-related genes linked to the causation of gastric cancer (GC). Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) plays a role in regulating oxidative stress and detoxification against carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to determine whether an antioxidant-rich diet was associated with GC risk and to identify how the association could be altered by GSTP1 genetic variants.
Methods

The study was conducted with 1,245 participants (415 cases and 830 controls) matched for age and sex. Dietary antioxidant capacity was estimated based on oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) incorporated with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GSTP1 (rs1695, rs749174, rs1871042, rs4891, and rs947895) were selected among the exome array genotype data.
Results

High dietary ORAC showed inverse associations with GC (hydrophilic ORAC OR T3 vs. T1, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.39–0.82, P = 0.004; lipophilic ORAC = 0.66, 0.45–0.95, P = 0.021; total phenolics = 0.57, 0.39–0.83, P = 0.005). The polymorphism of rs1871042 increased GC risk (OR, 95% CI = 1.55, 1.10–2.16, P = 0.01, CT + TT vs. CC). A remarkably reduced risk of GC was observed among those who had a high dietary ORAC according to rs1871042 polymorphism (hydrophilic ORAC OR T3 vs. T1, 95% CI = 0.36, 0.17–0.78, P for trend = 0.013; lipophilic ORAC = 0.58, 0.37–0.93, P for trend = 0.021; total phenolics = 0.38, 0.17–0.83, P for trend = 0.019).
Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the association between dietary ORAC intake and GSTP1 polymorphisms as they pertain to the risk of GC may present new intervention strategies for GC patients.
The Potent and Selective AMPK Inhibitor BAY-3827 Shows Strong Efficacy in Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer Models
Authors: Lemos Clara , Schulze Volker K , Baumgart Simon J , Nevedomskaya Ekaterina , Heinrich Tobias , Lefranc Julien , Bader Benjamin , Christ Clara D , Briem Hans , Kuhnke Lara P , Holton Simon J , Bömer Ulf , Lienau Philip , Nussbaum Franz von , Nising Carl F , Bauser Marcus , Hägebarth Andrea , Mumberg Dominik , Haendler Bernard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: 5´ adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) is an essential regulator of cellular energy homeostasis which has been associated with different pathologies, including cancer. Precisely defining the role of AMPK in these processes necessitates the availability of a potent and selective inhibitor.Methods: High-throughput screening and subsequent chemical optimization led to the identification of the selective inhibitor BAY-3827. Cell proliferation and mechanistic assays, as well as gene expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the cellular impact of BAY-3827 and the crosstalk between lipid metabolism and androgen signaling in prostate cancer models. Also, fatty acid turnover was determined by examining lipid droplet formation.Results: BAY-3827 prevented phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and showed strongest anti-proliferative activity in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines. Analysis of genes involved in AMPK signaling revealed that the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2), all of which are involved in lipid metabolism, was strongly upregulated by androgen in responsive prostate cancer cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation DNA-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis identified androgen receptor (AR) binding peaks in these genes. BAY-3827 strongly down-regulated the expression of lipase E (LIPE), cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit (PRKAR2B) and serine-threonine kinase AKT3 in the responsive prostate cancer cell lines. Also, the expression of members of the carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT1) family was inhibited by BAY-3827, and this was paralleled by impaired lipid flux.Conclusions: The availability of the potent and selective inhibitor BAY-3827 will contribute to a better understanding of the biological role of AMPK signaling in cancer, especially in prostate adenocarcinoma.
Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio was associated with the severity of coronary artery disease: results from a large cohort study
Authors: Wu Haoyu , Wang Lijun , Huo Jianhua , Qiang Hua , Wang Chen , Yuan Zuyi , Gao Shanshan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) was a recently emerged lipid biomarker, might reflect the inflammation level and the lipid profile in a quantitative manner.We aimed to investigate the association of MHR with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), and the ability of MHR in predicting severe CAD and acute atherothrombosis events. Methods: A total of 3930 CAD patients and 1020 non-CAD patients presented consecutively to our hospital for coronary angiography. The CAD patients were classified into four groups according to the quartile of the MHR (≤0.28, N=1218; 0.28-0.39, N=1262; 0.39-0.53, N=1209; >0.53, N=1261). CAD severity was quantified according to the Gensini score. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed to predict severe CAD and acute coronary thrombotic events. Results: MHR was significantly higher in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group (0.45 ± 0.22 vs. 0.35 ± 0.17, p<0.001) and had a significant positive correlation with Gensini score. Compared with lower MHR value, a MHR in the fourth quartile was strongly associated with severe CAD and acute coronary thrombotic event after adjusting for baseline factors. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that combination of MHR and traditional risk predictors could better predict severe CAD especially acute coronary thrombosis events such as non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI). Conclusions: MHR was positive associated with the prevalence and severity of CAD. Moreover, MHR may be a prognostic marker for acute atherothrombosis events.
Multicenter evaluation of EIAs and CLIAs in the detection of hepatitis C virus antibody among blood donors in China
Authors: Chang Le , Ji Huimin , Guo Fei , Jiang Xinyi , Wang Lunan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Recent data on the evaluation of screening serological assays on anti-HCV among a large sample of blood donors is lacking. The present study aimed to perform a multicenter evaluation of EIAs and CLIAs for detection of anti-HCV among blood donors in 16 different Chinese blood centers/banks.
Methods

A total of 1,309 samples containing 582 anti-HCV screening negatives and 727 positives collected from 15 blood centers/banks all over China. A total of 10 different anti-HCV assays (8 EIAs and 2 CLIAs) were evaluated in 16 different blood centers/banks. Confirmatory testing was performed using RIBA and HCV RNA tests.
Results

There were 963 true negatives, 261 positives, and 85 indeterminate samples. False positive rate of screening testing was 52.54% (382/727). Roche and InTec had the highest sensitivity (98.47%) and KHB and Wantai (indirect EIA) had the highest specificity (99.23%). Ortho/Abbott together with InTec could detect all the true positives. RIBA indeterminate samples showed quite different S/CO ratios detected by Roche compared with RIBA positives (4.84 vs 19.36, P < 0.0001), and higher S/CO ratios than RIBA negatives (4.84 vs 2.94, P = 0.020). However, there was no difference among the three groups when detected by Abbott. Also, the antigen distribution and band intensity were different between indeterminate and RIBA positive. When S/CO ratio went to 8.2 on Roche and 4.2 on Abbott, the PPV could achieve more than 95%.
Conclusion

False reactive problem of anti-HCV screening should be solved urgently. RIBA indeterminate donations may be a special group, should be further studied.
Investigating the Impact of Virtual Reality and Gamification on Improving Physical Activities in School
Authors: Roshanpour Reza , Nikroo Mohammad Hazegh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The rise of obesity creates a critical health problem in childhood which can establish obesity in adulthood. It is significant in the first years of life to participate in physical activity program. In other words, children have to perform physical activity for preventing obesity and toward reducing obesity in adulthood. In this regard, it seems to be important in elementary schools. In this regard, interventions were used to perform physical activity. We have utilized virtual reality and gamification as an intervention to increase motivation for exerting physical activity in elementary school. In reality, three critical areas have been identified to enhance quality physical education program include Promoting intrinsic motivation, enhancing perceived physical competence, and creating a mastery-oriented physical-activity environment.Methods: Mixed quantitative and qualitative study to specify the effects of integration gamification and virtual reality in the physical activity program was used. Analyses were conducted using IBM Statistics SPSS 25.0 software. Also, we used independent-samples T-test to compare results.Results: Total of 25 elementary students participated in our study. This study performed about combination of gamification and virtual reality games. we divided all the students into diverse groups. Results indicated the use of virtual reality and gamification could enhance motivation in children to perform physical activity in school.Conclusion: Virtual reality technology and gamification on physical activity environments had a positive effect on the motivation of elementary students. virtual reality and gamification on motivation leads students to achieve higher levels of engagement in performing physical activity.
Acupuncture affects different ways for migraineurs of long- and short- courses on the efficiency of structural brain network
Authors: Wu Kang , Li Kuang Shi , Xu Ling Ling , Chen Pei , Jiang Lan , Wang Ya Hui , Chen Chen , Wang Yue , Geng Hua Lei , Liu Rui Jia , Ren Yi , Zou Yi Huai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To study the impact of acupuncture treatment on structural brain network for patients with different courses of migraine without aura based on fMRI. Methods: A total of ten patients with a long course (>5 years) of migraine without aura (MWoA), ten patients with a short course (<5 years) of MWoA, and ten healthy volunteers were recruited in this trail. All patients received acupuncture treatment three times per week for four weeks. The changes in the topology properties of structural brain regions were observed via fMRI. The clinical symptom scores were adopted for evaluating the therapeutic effect. Results: 1) The small-world property on the group with a long course was decreased significantly (p<0.01) after treatment, while the group with a short course increased (p<0.01). 2) The clustering coefficient or nodal local efficiency of brain nodes (including the pontine crossing tract, left corticospinal tract, right medial lemniscus, left posterior limb of the internal capsule, right cingulum hippocampus, left fornix, left superior longitudinal fasciculus and right tapetum) showed significant changes (p<0.001) with an opposite tendency on the two groups after treatment. 3) The left posterior limb of the internal capsule (p<0.001, R=-0.73) and right tapetum (p<0.05, R=-0.54) had a strong relationship with migraine courses. Conclusions: The two unequal ways of acupuncture on the structural brain network of migraineurs with different disease courses were revealed. Acupuncture could regulate the central sensitization of chronic migraines, differently with the early stage. The nodal efficiency of the left posterior limb of the internal capsule and right tapetum would be symbols to discriminate against the process of MWoA.
Women’s Childbearing Age Associated with Optimal Fetal and Infant Outcomes: a population-based study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Reddy Uma M. , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Both teenage and delayed childbearing were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the optimal maternal age that is associated with the lowest risk of fetal and infant mortalities and morbidity is unclear. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, we pooled nulliparous singleton births from the U.S. Cohort Linked Birth-Infant Death Data, Natality and Fetal Death Data from 2011 to 2017. The study population included non-obese (body mass index < 30 kg/m2) nulliparous women with singleton gestation and greater than 20 weeks of gestation. The optimal maternal age at first childbirth for the lowest risk of fetal death, infant mortality, and neonatal morbidity (early preterm birth and severe small-for-gestational-age) was identified by using a second-degree fractional polynomial regression, stratified by race/ethnicity.Results: A total of 5,285,126 singleton births were analyzed for the outcomes of infant mortality and morbidity, and 4,386,757 were analyzed for fetal mortality rate. Non-Hispanic White, Hispanics and Asian American women shared similar maternal age patterns. Maternal age at 26-31 years was associated with the lowest risk of adverse fetal and infant outcomes. However, non-Hispanic Black had the optimal age 2-4 years earlier than other race/ethnic groups, namely 24-27 years old.Conclusions: Maternal age for the optimal pregnancy outcomes is around 24 to 31 years old for the majority of first-time mothers. Our results may provide useful information for counseling women regarding optimal timing of childbearing.
Does cancer education matter? Report on testicular cancer knowledge, awareness, and self-examination practice among young Polish men.
Authors: Pietrzyk Łukasz , Denisow-Pietrzyk Marta , Czeczelewski Marcin , Ślizień-Kuczapski Konrad , torres Kamil 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in male adolescents and young adults. Early detection of testicular cancer can be achieved by testicular self-examination (TSE). To date, however, no population-based studies examined TC knowledge and practice of TSE among Polish men. The objective of the study was to assess the level of TC knowledge and awareness as well as the altitude and practice towards TSE among Polish male high school and medical students.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in Poland with a representative sample of 1077 male students: 335 from high school and 742 medical students. An original questionnaire was designed as a multiple-choice question type and evaluated the participants’ knowledge and awareness of TC, opinion and attitudes towards performing TSE.Results The knowledge about TC epidemiology and the awareness of risk factors responsible for the TC was low. The knowledge of the signs and symptoms of TC was significantly higher among the medical students, compared to the high school students. The level of education was associated with the awareness of methods for early detection and symptoms of TC. A satisfactory level of awareness of the TSE practice was exhibited only by the medical students. The main reason for not performing self-examination was the lack of knowledge and practical skills.Conclusions The study reflects the deficiencies in health education among high school and medical students. The deficits of knowledge of TC in young men should motivate the education policy makers in Poland to implement education in the field of TC issues more widely in high schools. Moreover, cancer prevention modules and/or teaching methods should be improved in medical schools.
Multi-omics Study Reveal AP-1 as a Regulation Hub in Inflammation Induced Hyperalgesia Rat
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Li Feng , Wang Miqun , Su Huibin , Wu Xuedong , Qiu Haiyan , Zhou Wang , Shan Chunli , Wang Cancan , Wei Lei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Inflammation associated chronic pain is a global clinical problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism of inflammation associated chronic pain remains unclear. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced cutaneous inflammation rat has been widely used as an inflammation-induced pain hypersensitivity model. Herein, we presented a transcriptomic profile of CFA-induced rat dorsal root ganglion via a multi-omics approach. We identified 418 differentially expressed mRNAs, 120 differentially expressed microRNAs and 2670 differentially methylated regions, which are all highly associated with multiple inflammation related pathways, including NF-κB signaling pathways and IFN signaling pathways. Multi-omics analysis further demonstrated that AP-1 network, which works as a regulator of inflammation response, is sophisticatedly regulated at both transcriptomic and epigenetic level. We believe our data will not only provide drug screening targets for treating chronic pain and inflammation, but also shed a light on the molecular network inflammation induced hyperalgesia.
Prevalence of Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients with COVID-19 at a Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar
Authors: Al-Ani Raid Muhmid , ACHARYA DEBASHIS 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Loss of smell and taste are common complaints in patients with the COVID-19 disease. These symptoms may present alone or with other symptoms. It is of utmost importance to know their rates of occurrence for better controlling of the infection. Objectives: To detect the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in individuals with COVID-19 in Al-Wajbah Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar.Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Al-Wajbah Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar. The study covered the two-month period -May and June 2020. The proven cases of COVID-19 by real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) were enrolled in the study. Data regarding the age, gender, symptomatology including anosmia and ageusia, history of recent travel, smoking, past history of nasal and paranasal diseases (NPND), and severity of the disease were taken from the patients’ records. IBM- SPSS version 22 statistical software was used for the analysis of the data.Results: Out of 141, 35 (24.82%) subject presented with anosmia, ageusia or both. Most of the patients were from age group >30 year (n=104, 73.76%) with nearly equal gender. The majority of the individuals were without history of recent travel (92.2%) and smoking (80.14%). Three-quarters of the patients were asymptomatic, and 51.06% with a past history of NPND. The male sex, history of recent travel, smoking, and severe course of the disease were positive, highly significant association with anosmia or ageusia. All patients returned to their normal smell and taste sensations within a mean duration of 6.89 days.Conclusion: Loss of taste and smell were common symptomatology of COVID-19 disease. The males, recent travel, smoking, and severe course of the disease were risk factors of the anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 cases.
Point mutation bias in SARS-CoV-2 variants results in increased ability to stimulate inflammatory responses
Authors: Kosuge Masato , Furusawa-Nishii Emi , Ito Koyu , Saito Yoshiro , Ogasawara Kouetsu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces severe pneumonia and is the cause of a worldwide pandemic. Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, have RNA proofreading enzymes in their genomes, resulting in fewer gene mutations than other RNA viruses. Nevertheless, variants of SARS-CoV-2 exist and may induce different symptoms; however, the factors and the impacts of these mutations are not well understood. We found that there is a bias to the mutations occurring in SARS-CoV-2 variants, with disproportionate mutation to uracil (U). These point mutations to U are mainly derived from cytosine (C), which is consistent with the substrate specificity of host RNA editing enzymes, APOBECs. We also found the point mutations which are consistent with other RNA editing enzymes, ADARs. For the C-to-U mutations, the context of the upstream uracil and downstream guanine from mutated position was found to be most prevalent. Further, the degree of increase of U in SARS-CoV-2 variants correlates with enhanced production of cytokines, such as TNF-a and IL-6, in cell lines when compared with stimulation by the ssRNA sequence of the isolated virus in Wuhan. Therefore, RNA editing is a factor for mutation bias in SARS-CoV-2 variants, which affects host inflammatory cytokines production.