bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the ovary
Authors: Chen Qiuhe , Shen Yangmei , Xie Chuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) from ovary is a very rare tumor which derives from mesonephric duct remnant of the female genital tract. Only six cases have been reported so far in the English literature.

Patient concerns:
A 29-year-old female patient was referred to the local hospital with a 20-day history of abdominal discomfort.

Diagnoses:
Pelvic ultrasound examination revealed a solid and cystic mass measuring 10 cm in diameter in the right adnexal area and a cystic mass measuring 5 cm in the left adnexal area. Postoperative pathology in the local hospital revealed suspected malignancy of the right ovary, and she was then transferred to our institution for definite diagnosis. The tumor mass was finally diagnosed as a primary MLA arising from the right ovary by histological and immunohistochemical examination in our institution.

Interventions:
The patient underwent laparoscopic right adnexectomy and removal of left ovarian cyst in the local institution. Then, she underwent a complete staging surgery including a total hysterectomy, left adnexectomy, pelvic plus para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and omentectomy in our hospital. In addition, she received four cycles of combination chemotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel.

Outcomes:
There is no evidence of recurrence with 13 months of follow-up till now, and we are still following-up this patient.

Lessons:
MLA is an extremely uncommon malignancy with difficult diagnosis, unclear treatment and poor prognosis. Familiarizing with the clinical features and optimal management of this rare tumor may increase awareness of the disease among clinicians and pathologists, thus avoiding the misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
Chinese herbal medicine Yanghe decoction for ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Xu Xiaosheng , Chen Hong , Yuan Xiaoping , Wan Yi , Gong Liangjin , Ma Zeren , Xu Tao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Chinese herbal medicine is a commonly used traditional treatment for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Among them, Yanghe decoction (YHD) has an obvious effect in relieving the symptoms of AS, but its efficacy is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of YHD in the treatment of AS patients.

Methods:
From the establishment to September 2020, we will search a total of 7 electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP, WanFang, and the Chinese SinoMed Database. Two independent reviewers will search the database for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), extract data, and evaluate the quality of the included RCTs. Data analysis will be processed by RevMan V.5.4 software.

Results:
The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion:
This study will provide evidence for the effectiveness of YHD in treating patients with AS.
Sex-differences in determinants of suicide risk preceding psychiatric admission: An electronic medical record study
Authors: McQuaid Robyn J. , Nikolitch Katerina , Vandeloo Katie L. , Burhunduli Patricia , Phillips Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTUsing electronic medical record (EMR) data collected from psychiatric inpatient admissions, the objective of this study was to identify sex differences in risk factors for presence of suicide plans and/or attempts within the 30 days preceding hospital admission. Resident Assessment Instrument for Mental Health (RAI-MH) intake data were obtained for patients admitted to a Canadian tertiary-care hospital deemed a ‘threat or danger to self’ during a ten-year period (2008-2018). Data was extracted for individuals categorized into three groups: non-suicidal (N=568), presence of suicide plan (N=178), and presence of suspected suicide attempt (N=124) in the 30 days prior to hospital admission. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that younger age (odds ratio=0.97), female sex (OR=1.56), disrupted family relationships (OR=1.54), recent stressors (OR=1.59), participation in social activities (OR=1.54), having no confidant (OR=1.55), and diagnosis of depressive disorder (OR=5.54) increased the odds of suicide plan and/or attempt in the 30 days prior to hospital admission. Stratifying the regression model by sex highlighted different risk factors for suicide plan and attempt specific to males and females. EMR-derived findings highlight psychosocial and clinical determinants associated with suicide plan or attempt prior to psychiatric admission that differ according to sex.
Typhoon Eye Effect vs. Ripple Effect: The Role of Family Size on the Mental Health under the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan
Authors: Lateef Tooba , Chen Jiyao , Tahir Muhammad , Lateef Teba Abdul , Chen Bryan , Li Jizhen , Zhang Stephen X. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe recent outbreak of COVID-19 impacts the mental health of people worldwide. The mental conditions and the associated predictors of adults in Pakistan, the fifth most populous country in the world, during the COVID-19 remains understudied. We aim to investigate distress, anxiety and overall mental health and their associated predictors among Pakistani adults in this pandemic. We specifically examine the mental health issues based on the distance to the epicenter, a predictor that has revealed opposing evidence in other countries based on the theories of typhoon eye effect and ripple effect. The samples consist of 601 adults who were surveyed online about 2.5 months into the outbreak across Pakistan with varying distance to the epicenter of COVID-19 of Karachi in Pakistan.ResultsThe results showed that 9.2% and 19.0% of the participants surpassed the cut-off of distress and anxiety disorders, respectively. Overall, the distance to the epicenter positively predicted the mental health of adults in Pakistan, and family size negatively moderated this effect. The distance to the epicenter negatively predicted distress and anxiety disorders for adults in large families, which are quite common in Pakistan.ConclusionThe evidence of the study interestingly finds the prediction of the mental health of people by their distance to the epicenter depends on the family. The evidence of this study can help to provide the initial indicator for mental health care providers to screen vulnerable groups in Pakistan, a populous country that continues to struggle to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 can be partially shielded from UV radiation when in particles generated by sneezing or coughing: Numerical simulations
Authors: Doughty David C. , Hill Steven C. , Mackowski Daniel W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUV radiation can inactivate viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. However, designing effective UV germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems can be difficult because the effects of dried respiratory droplets and other fomites on UV light intensities are poorly understood. Numerical modeling of UV intensities inside virus-containing particles on surfaces can increase understanding of these possible reductions in UV intensity. We model UV intensities within spherical approximations of virions randomly positioned within spherical particles. The model virions and dried particles have sizes and optical properties to approximate SARS-CoV-2 and dried particles formed from respiratory droplets, respectively. Wavelengths used are 260 nm (germicidal UVC) and 302 nm (solar UVB). In 5- and 9-μm diameter particles on a surface, illuminated by 260-nm UV light from a direction perpendicular to the surface, 10% and 18% (respectively) of simulated virions are exposed to intensities less than 1/100thof intensities in individually exposed virions (i.e., they are partially shielded). Even for 302-nm light, where the absorption is small, 11% of virions in 9-µm particles have exposures 1/100ththose of individually exposed virions. Calculated results show that shielding of virions in a particle can be strongly reduced by illuminating a particle either from multiple widely separated incident directions, or by illuminating a particle rotating in air (because of turbulence, Brownian diffusion, etc.) for a time sufficient to rotate through all orientations with respect to the UV illumination. Because highly UV-reflective paints and surfaces can increase the angular ranges of illumination, they appear likely to be useful for reducing shielding of virions.
Association of HLA class I genotypes with age at death of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Shkurnikov Maxim , Nersisyan Stepan , Jankevic Tatjana , Galatenko Alexei , Gordeev Ivan , Vechorko Valery , Tonevitsky Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHLA class I molecules play a crucial role in the development of a specific immune response to viral infections by presenting viral peptides to cell surface where they will be further recognized by T cells. In the present manuscript we explored whether HLA class I genotype can be associated with critical course of COVID-19 by searching possible connections between genotypes of deceased patients and their age at death.Methods and FindingsHLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C genotypes of n = 111 deceased patients with COVID-19 (Moscow, Russia) and n = 428 volunteers were identified with targeted next-generation sequencing. Deceased patients were splitted into two groups according to age at death: n = 26 adult patients with age at death below 60 completed years (inclusively) and n = 85 elderly patients over 60. With the use of HLA class I genotypes we developed a risk score which is associated with the ability to present SARS-CoV-2 peptides by an individual’s HLA class I molecule set. The resulting risk score was significantly higher in the group of deceased adults compared to elderly adults (p = 0.00348, AUC ROC = 0.68). In particular, presence of HLA-A*01:01 allele was associated with high risk, while HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-A*03:01 mainly contributed to the low risk group. The analysis of homozygous patients highlighted the results even stronger: homozygosity by HLA-A*01:01 mainly accompanied early deaths, while only one HLA-A*02:01 homozygote died before 60.ConclusionsThe obtained results suggest the important role of HLA class I peptide presentation in the development of a specific immune response to COVID-19. While prediction of age at death by HLA class I genotype had a reliable performance, involvement of HLA class II genotype can make it even higher in the future studies.
Statistical techniques to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate
Authors: Mieskolainen M. , Bainbridge R. , Buchmueller O. , Lyons L. , Wardle N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe determination of the infection fatality rate (IFR) for the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a key aim for many of the field studies that are currently being undertaken in response to the pandemic. The IFR together with the basic reproduction numberR0, are the main epidemic parameters describing severity and transmissibility of the virus, respectively. The IFR can be also used as a basis for estimating and monitoring the number of infected individuals in a population, which may be subsequently used to inform policy decisions relating to public health interventions and lockdown strategies. The interpretation of IFR measurements requires the calculation of confidence intervals. We present a number of statistical methods that are relevant in this context and develop an inverse problem formulation to determine correction factors to mitigate time-dependent effects that can lead to biased IFR estimates. We also review a number of methods to combine IFR estimates from multiple independent studies, provide example calculations throughout this note and conclude with a summary and “best practice” recommendations. The developed code is available online.
Testing-on-a-probe biosensors reveal association of early SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies and surrogate neutralizing antibodies with mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yang He S. , Racine-Brzostek Sabrina E. , Karbaschi Mohsen , Yee Jim , Dillard Alicia , Steel Peter A.D. , Lee William T. , McDonough Kathleen A. , Qiu Yuqing , Ketas Thomas J. , Francomano Erik , Klasse P. J. , Hatem Layla , Westblade Lars , Wu Heng , Chen Haode , Zuk Robert , Tan Hong , Girardin Roxanne C. , Dupuis Alan P. , Payne Anne F. , Moore John P. , Cushing Melissa M. , Chadburn Amy , Zhao Zhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe association of mortality with early humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection within the first few days after onset of symptoms (DAOS) has not been thoroughly investigated partly due to a lack of sufficiently sensitive antibody testing methods. Here we report two sensitive and automated testing-on-a-probe (TOP) biosensor assays for SARS-CoV-2 viral specific total antibodies (TAb) and surrogate neutralizing antibodies (SNAb), which are suitable for clinical use. The TOP assays employ an RBD-coated quartz probe using a Cy5-Streptavidin-polysacharide conjugate to improved sensitivity and minimize interference. Disposable cartridge containing pre-dispensed reagents requires no liquid manipulation or fluidics during testing. The TOP-TAb assay exhibited higher sensitivity in the 0-7 DAOS window than a widely used FDA-EUA assay. The rapid (18 min) and automated TOP-SNAb correlated well with two well-established SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization tests. The clinical utility of the TOP assays was demonstrated by evaluating early antibody responses in 120 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive adult hospitalized patients. Higher baseline TAb and SNAb positivity rates and more robust antibody responses were seen in patients who survived COVID-19 than those who died in the hospital. Survival analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model showed that patients who were TAb and SNAb negative at initial hospital presentation were at a higher risk of in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, TAb and SNAb levels at presentation were inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral load based on concurrent RT-PCR testing. Overall, the sensitive and automated TAb and SNAb assays allow detection of early SARS-CoV-2 antibodies which associate with mortality.
Age-related clonal haematopoiesis is more prevalent in older adults with HIV: the ARCHIVE study
Authors: Dharan Nila J. , Yeh Paul , Bloch Mark , Yeung Miriam , Baker David , Guinto Jerick , Roth Norm , Ftouni Sarah , Ognenovska Katherine , Smith Don , Hoy Jennifer F. , Woolley Ian , Pell Catherine , Templeton David J. , Fraser Neil , Rose Nectarios , Hutchinson Jolie , Petoumenos Kathy , Dawson Sarah-Jane , Polizzotto Mark N. , Dawson Mark A. ,   for the ARCHIVE Study Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeople with HIV have higher rates of certain comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease and some malignancies, than people without HIV. As somatic mutations associated with age-related clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are linked to similar comorbidities in the general population, we hypothesized that CH may be more prevalent in people with HIV. To address this issue, we established a prospective cohort study recruiting 220 HIV-positive and 226 HIV-negative participants aged 55 years or older in Australia. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and peripheral blood were collected to assess for the presence of CH mutations and identify potential risk factors for and clinical sequelae of CH. Investigators testing for CH were blinded to participants’ HIV status. In total, 132 CH mutations were identified in 99 (22.2%) of 446 participants. CH was more prevalent in HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative participants (27.7% vs. 16.8%, p =0.006), overall and across all age groups. HIV infection was associated with an increased odds of having CH (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.38, p=0.002). The most common genes mutated wereDNMT3A(48.5%),TET2(20.5%) andASXL1(11.4%). CH and HIV infection were independently associated with increases in blood parameters and biomarkers associated with inflammation. These data suggest a selective advantage for the emergence of CH in the context of chronic infection and inflammation related to HIV infection.
Comparing COVID-19 and influenza presentation and trajectory
Authors: Benaim Anat Reiner , Sobel Jonathan Aryeh , Almog Ronit , Lugassy Snir , Shabbat Tsviel Ben , Johnson Alistair , Eytan Danny , Behar Joachim A. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCOVID-19 is a newly recognized illness with a predominantly respiratory presentation. It is important to characterize the differences in disease presentation and trajectory between COVID-19 patients and other patients with common respiratory illnesses. These differences can enhance knowledge of pathogenesis and help in guiding treatment.MethodsData from electronic medical records were obtained from individuals admitted with respiratory illnesses to Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, between October 1st, 2014 and October 1st, 2020. Four groups of patients were defined: COVID-19 (693), influenza (1,612), severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) (2,292) and Others (4,054). The variable analyzed include demographics (7), vital signs (8), lab tests (38),and comorbidities (15) from a total of 8,651 hospitalized adult patients. Statistical analysis was performed on biomarkers measured at admission and for their disease trajectory in the first 48 hours of hospitalization, and on comorobidity prevalence.ResultsCOVID-19 patients were overall younger in age and had higher body mass index, compared to influenza and SARI. Comorbidity burden was lower in the COVID-19 group compared to influenza and SARI. Severely- and moderately-ill COVID-19 patients older than 65 years of age suffered higher rate of in-hospital mortality compared to hospitalized influenza patients. At admission, white blood cells and neutrophils were lower among COVID-19 patients compared to influenza and SARI patients, while pulse rate and lymphoctye percentage were higher. Trajectories of variables during the first two days of hospitalization revealed that white blood count, neutrophils percentage and glucose in blood increased among COVID-19 patients, while decreasing among other patients.ConclusionsThe intrinsic virulence of COVID-19 appeared higher than influenza. In addition, several critical functions, such as immune response, coagulation, heart and respiratory function and metabolism were uniquely affected by COVID-19.
The Algerian chapter of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An evolutionary, genetic, and epidemiological prospect of the first wave
Authors: Zeghbib Safia , Somogyi Balázs , Zana Brigitta , Kemenesi Gábor , Herczeg Róbert , Derrar Fawzi , Jakab Ferenc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo explore the SARS-CoV-2 early pandemic in Algeria, a dataset comprising forty-three genomes originating from SARS-CoV-2 sampled from Algeria and other countries worldwide, from 24 December 2019 through 8 March 2020, of which, were thoroughly examined. While performing a multi-component analysis regarding the Algerian outbreak, the toolkit of phylogenetic, phylodynamic, haplotype analyses and genomic analysis were effectively implemented. We estimated the TMRCA in reference to the Algerian pandemic and highlighted both the introduction of the disease originating in France and the missing data depicted in the transmission loop. Most importantly, we unveiled mutational patterns, recombination events and the relatedness regarding the Algerian sequences to the dataset. Our results revealed the unique amino-acid replacement L129F in the orf3a gene in Algeria_EPI_ISL_418241. Additionally, a connection between Algeria_EPI_ISL_420037 and sequences originating from the USA was observed through a USA characteristic amino-acid replacement T1004I in the nsp3 gene, found in the aforementioned Algerian sequence. Lastly, we assessed the Algerian mitigation measures regarding disease containment using statistical analyses.Author summaryA novel human coronavirus, specifically SARS-CoV-2, emerged in China in late 2019. In Algeria, the contact tracing revealed the introduction of the disease originated in France, however, the intricate dynamics regarding the disease remain unexplored. In this study, we attempt to portray our perspective regarding the evolutionary, genetic and epidemiological aspects of the early pandemic in Algeria during the spring of 2020, through the use of time scaled phylogeny, phylodynamic and mutational pattern characterization and exploration. Additionally, we assessed the efficiency of the implemented mitigation measures using statistical analysis. The results supported the virus introduction from France and highlighted an Algerian characteristic amino-acid replacement in addition to a relatedness to the USA sequences. Moreover, we revealed an indirect contamination among the three sampled patients. Therefore, our analysis is a starting point for further investigations and emphasize the importance regarding intensive sequencing and genome exploration for mitigation measures implementation, and both drug and vaccine development.
Eip74EF is a dominant modifier for ALS-FTD linked mutant VCP phenotypes inDrosophila, but not miR-34
Authors: Chalmers Madeleine R. , Kim JiHye , Kim Nam Chul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 2012 Liuet al. reported that miR-34 is an age-related miRNA regulating age-associated events and long-term brain integrity inDrosophila. They demonstrated that modulating miR-34 and its downstream target Eip74EF showed beneficial effects on age-related diseases using aDrosophilamodel of SCA3trQ78. These results imply that miR-34 could be a general genetic modifier and therapeutic candidate for age-related diseases. Therefore, we examined the effect of miR-34 and Eip74EF on another age-relatedDrosophiladisease model. Using aDrosophilamodel expressing mutantDrosophilaVCP that causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), or multisystem proteinopathy (MSP), we demonstrated that abnormal eye phenotypes generated byDrosophilaVCP R152H were rescued when expressed with Eip74EF siRNA. Contrary to our expectation, miR-34 overexpression resulted in lethality when expressed with mutant VCP. Our data indicate that the other downstream targets of miR-34 might more significantly interact with mutant VCP, causing lethality. Identifying transcriptional targets of Eip74EF might provide valuable insights into diseases caused by mutations in VCP such as ALS, FTD, and MSP.