bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory and numerical based analysis of floating sand columns in clayey soil
Authors: Naseer S. , Sarfraz Faiz M. , Iqbal S. , Jamil S. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The inclusion of sand columns results in enhancing the bearing capacity of clayey soil, increase the rate of consolidation, presentation of liquefaction in loose sandy soils and provide lateral resistance against the horizontal movement. This research aims at investigating the effects of floating columns in clayey soil with silty deposits by developing small scale laboratory models. The effects of sand columns on soils of different shear strengths, slenderness ratio (L/D) of columns were investigated. Group effect was also investigated by varying spacing between the columns. Experimental results were compared with the numerical analysis results. A 15-noded triangular mesh was generated using a finite element tool PLAXIS 2D. Finite element analysis was performed using Mohr’s Coulomb’s criterion considering undrained analysis for soft clayey soil and drained analysis for sand columns. It was concluded that the sand columns can significantly increase the ultimate loading capacity of soft soils. Results show that critical length for floating column ranges from 4 to 5.5 times the diameter of the column, beyond which bulging occurs and loading capacity decreased. The effect of group was also investigated and observed that with high spacing between the sand columns, the group efficiency decreased. The axial capacity of sand columns decreases while increasing spacing between the columns.
Aphid vectors impose a major bottleneck on Soybean dwarf virus populations for horizontal transmission in soybean
Authors: Tian Bin , Gildow Frederick E. , Stone Andrew L. , Sherman Diana J. , Damsteegt Vernon D. , Schneider William L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many RNA viruses have genetically diverse populations in a single host. Important biological characteristics may be related to the levels of diversity, including adaptability, host specificity, and host range. Shifting the virus between hosts might result in a change in the levels of diversity associated with the new host. The level of genetic diversity for these viruses is related to host, vector and virus interactions, and understanding these interactions may facilitate the prediction and prevention of emerging viral diseases. It is known that luteoviruses have a very specific interaction with aphid vectors. Previous studies suggested that there may be a tradeoff effect between the viral adaptation and aphid transmission when Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) was transmitted into new plant hosts by aphid vectors. In this study, virus titers in different aphid vectors and the levels of population diversity of SbDV in different plant hosts were examined during multiple sequential aphid transmission assays. The diversity of SbDV populations revealed biases for particular types of substitutions and for regions of the genome that may incur mutations among different hosts. Our results suggest that the selection on SbDV in soybean was probably leading to reduced efficiency of virus recognition in the aphid which would inhibit movement of SbDV through vector tissues known to regulate the specificity relationship between aphid and virus in many systems.
Computational analysis of size, shape and structure of insect wings
Authors: Salcedo Mary K. , Hoffmann Jordan , Donoughe Seth , Mahadevan L. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe size, shape and structure of insect wings are intimately linked to their ability to fly. However, there are few systematic studies of the variability of the natural patterns in wing morphology across insects. We have assembled a dataset of 789 insect wings with representatives from 25 families and performed a comprehensive computational analysis of their morphology using topological and geometric notions in terms of (i) wing size and contour shape, (ii) vein topology, and (iii) shape and distribution of wing membrane domains. These morphospaces are complementary to existing methods for quantitatively characterizing wing morphology and are likely to be useful for investigating wing function and evolution. This Methods and Techniques paper is accompanied by a set of computational tools for open use.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Non-coplanar VMAT plans for lung SABR to reduce dose to the heart: a planning study
Authors: Kim Sang-Tae , An Hyun Joon , Kim Jung-in , Yoo Jae-Ryong , Kim Hak Jae , Park Jong Min 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the plan quality of non-coplanar partial arc (NPA) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to that of coplanar partial arc (CPA) VMAT for stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for lung cancer.

Methods:
A total of 20 patients treated for lung cancer with the SABR VMAT technique and whose lung tumors were close to the heart were retrospectively selected for this study. For the CPA VMAT, three coplanar half arcs were used while two coplanar half arcs and one noncoplanar arc rotating 315°–45° with couch rotations of 315° ± 5° were used for the NPA VMAT. For each patient, identical CT image sets and identical structures were used for both the CPA and NPA VMAT plans. Dose–volumetric parameters of each plan were analyzed.

Results:
For the planning target volume and both lungs, no statistically significant differences between the CPA and NPA VMAT plans were observed in general. For the heart, average values of D0.1cc of the CPA and NPA VMAT plans were 29.42 ± 13.37 and 21.71 ± 9.20 Gy, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). For whole body, the mean dose and the gradient index of the CPA VMAT plans were 1.2 ± 0.5 Gy and 4.356 ± 0.608 while those of the NPA VMAT plans were 1.1 ± 0.5 Gy and 4.111 ± 0.480, respectively (both with p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion:
The NPA VMAT proposed in this study showed more favorable plan quality than the CPA VMAT plans for lung SABR with tumors located close to the heart.

Advances in knowledge:
For lung SABR, NPA VMAT can reduce doses to the heart as well as whole-body irradiation.
The yield of continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study
Authors: Tayeb Haythum O. 
Published: October 2019

Background: The practice of continuous EEG monitoring (CEEG) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has spread over the past decade. Building an effective ICU CEEG program demands adequate EEG equipment and human resources. This may not be available in developing healthcare systems. This study sought to shed light on the real-life utility of CEEG at a tertiary healthcare center in the developing healthcare system of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a retrospective review of CEEG findings, along with mortality and duration of hospitalization of patients who had CEEG during a 12-month period at the adult ICU at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 202 CEEG records were identified. A total of 52 records showed non-convulsive seizures (NCS); 10 clearly fulfilled criteria for non-convulsive status epilepticus. There were 120 patients that had clinical seizures upon presentation. Among them, 36 (30%) had NCS on EEG. The proportion of patients who were deceased at 60 days was higher in patients with NCS than those who didn’t have NCS (42% vs 27%, χ 2 = 4.4, df=2, p=0.03). There was no statistically significant association between having rhythmic or periodic patterns without NCS and mortality at 60 days or length of hospital stay. Conclusion: This retrospective study demonstrates a real-world experience from a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia, a developing healthcare system. ICU CEEG was found to be effective in detecting potentially harmful subclinical patterns, supporting the need to develop ICU CEEG programs. However, the incurred excesses in morbidity and mortality associated with CEEG patterns were relatively modest. Further studies are needed to delineate how the practice of CEEG may be developed in similar healthcare systems to provide meaningful data to clinicians with regards to patient outcomes.
Bodenwertermittlung mit statistischen Methoden
Authors: Kolbe Jens , Schulz Rainer , Wersing Martin , Werwatz Axel 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Besteuerung von Immobilien auf der Grundlage von Marktwerten erfordert eine regelmäßige Bewertung einer Vielzahl von Immobilien. Vor dem Hintergrund der jüngsten Diskussion über die Reform der Grundsteuer in Deutschland wird argumentiert, dass eine wertorientierte Steuer nicht mit vertretbarem Aufwand umgesetzt werden kann. In mehreren anderen Ländern werden Massenbewertungssysteme auf Basis von statistischen Methoden für die Grundsteuerveranlagung eingesetzt. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir, wie dies in Deutschland grundsätzlich geschehen könnte; mittels Transaktionsdaten zu deren Erhebung die lokalen Sachverständigenkommissionen gesetzlich verpflichtet sind. Wir diskutieren die Regressionsverfahren zur Schätzung von Bodenwerten aus solchen Daten und veranschaulichen sie, indem wir sie auf Daten aus Berlin anwenden. Wir kommen zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Methoden in der Lage sind, Bodenwertschätzungen zu erstellen, die gut mit fachspezifischen Einschätzungen übereinstimmen.
The scarf, language, and other semiotic assemblages in the formation of a new Chinatown
Authors: Sharma Bal Krishna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article closely examines how both linguistic and non-linguistic objects and inscriptions emplaced in the built environment transform the traditional residential-business street into a space of consumption for a new generation of Chinese tourists. The data consists of observation notes, photographs, and interviews obtained from an ethnographic fieldwork in Kathmandu, Nepal. The article makes three major arguments. First, the semiotic shift and the social practices that inhabit the space represent a key feature of a late capitalist society with a focus on the commodification of languages, cultures, and identities. Second, the practices index the global power of the Chinese language in challenging English and marginalizing other tourist languages. And third, these shifts urge us to understand the relation between semiotic and material resources in redefining traditionally West-oriented global tourism economies. The study overall provides new insights into how language and material goods can create a completely different kind of Chinatown, entailing a new interaction order between business owners and tourists, which use intertextuality, translanguaging, and multimodality, among others, as resources. These findings are starkly different from studies that have examined traditional Chinatowns in diasporic contexts.
A geophysical and hydro physico-chemical study of the contaminant impact of a solid waste landfill (swl) in King Williams’ Town, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mepaiyeda S. , Baiyegunhi C. , Madi K. , Gwavava O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys and physico-chemical analysis were carried out on a solid waste landfill (SWL) in Eastern Cape, South Africa to assess the impact of leachate pollution on groundwater quality. 2-D resistivity imaging was done across three profile lines (A, C and E) on the landfill. Physico-chemical properties of water samples from the leachate pond and boreholes (BH1 and BH2), located between 80 m to 200 m from the edge of the landfill were analysed. The results revealed groundwater contamination to a depth of about 75 m,well within the aquiferous zone. High electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolve solid (TDS) values observed in the groundwater samples indicate a downward transfer of leachate into the groundwater. The difference in EC and TDS values for BH2 and BH1 (9892 μS/cm/ 4939 mg/L and 6988 μS/cm/ 3497 mg/L respectively), indicated that concentration of contaminants increased towards the centre of the landfill The direction of flow of the leachate is towards the southwestern part of the landfill. In the absence of a leachate recovery system, the uncontrolled accumulation of leachate over time at the landfill will pose a threat to the groundwater quality, hence the need to improve waste management practices in the study area to mitigate the effects of pollution
Escenarios regionales de Cambio Climático de la Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra Gorda Guanajuato, México
Authors: Gómez Mendoza Leticia , Bello Mendoza Lourdes , Cruz Torres Dulce Abigail 
Published: October 2019

Resumen Las Áreas Naturales Protegidas representan una forma de adaptación y mitigación ante el cambio climático. Se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de un Generador Estocástico de Tiempo Meteorológico (GETM) en el Área Natural Protegida de la Reserva de la Biosfera “Sierra Gorda de Guanajuato” (RBSGGto) que se caracteriza por un deterioro ambiental. Los resultados obtenidos para el periodo de 2010-2099 mediante el GETM LARS-WG muestran un aumento en la temperatura media de entre 1 y 2°C, mientras que la precipitación aumentará hasta 3 mm. Se analizan las implicaciones hidrológicas de la cuenca con base en dichos escenarios regionalizados y se caracterizan las zonas de mayor afectación por cambio climático. Se prevé que el nivel de riesgo pueda ser minimizado para los diversos sectores de la reserva si se continúan con algunas de las actividades actuales de conservación. Sin embargo, de continuar con la infraestructura hídrica, la oferta del recurso agua puede comprometerse bajo los escenarios climáticos proyectados. Palabras clave: GETM-LARS, reducción de escala, Guanajuato, cambio climático, Sierra Gorda-Guanajuato.
Respuesta energética del colorante azoico rojo disperso 1 mezclado con grafeno reducido y óxido de grafeno en celdas solares sensibilizadas
Authors: Baltazar Vera J. C. , Fuentes-Ramírez R. , Hernández V. A. , Ruiz Camacho I. R. , Manríquez J. 
Published: October 2019

Se desarrollaron celdas solares sensibilizadas con un tinte tipo azoico (rojo disperso 1) mezclado con grafeno y óxido de grafeno, por el método de electroforesis en medio ácido aplicando un voltaje de 3V a un tiempo de 15 s, dichas condiciones permitieron depositar satisfactoriamente la capa semiconductora y posteriormente confinar adecuadamente el sensibilizador. Todas las celdas fueron termodinámicamente estables. Las celdas sensibilizadas con colorante rojo disperso 1 y rojo disperso 1 mezclado con grafeno y óxido de grafeno reportaron eficiencias globales de 0.12, 0.34 y 0.21 respectivamente. Las potencias máximas calculadas a partir de los datos de densidad de corriente y voltaje medidos para las celdas sensibilizadas con rojo disperso 1 y rojo disperso 1 mezclado con grafeno y óxido de grafeno fueron de 9.68 W/cm2 × 10-3 W/cm2, 11.74 W/cm2 × 10-3 W/cm2, 19.19 W/cm2 × 10-3 W/cm2 de manera, respectiva. Todos los fotoelectrodos elaborados presentaron confinamiento estable entre el sensibilizador y la fase semiconductora.
Efecto de la persuasión verbal sobre la auto-eficacia para el ejercicio en mujeres jóvenes mexicanas con sobrepeso y obesidad
Authors: Meza-Morales Ana Bertha , Landeros-Olvera Erick , Cossio-Torres Patricia 
Published: October 2019

El propósito de la investigación fue mostrar el efecto de la persuasión verbal sobre los niveles de auto-eficacia en mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad sometidas a una prueba de rendimiento físico. El método se trata de un ensayo clínico controlado, con muestreo aleatorio e intervención doble ciego, bajo una medición test, re-test. La asignación de las participantes a los grupos se realizó por técnica de bloques, con una potencia de prueba de 80% y un nivel de significancia de 0.05 el tamaño de la muestra resultó de 12 participantes por cada grupo (G). Se realizó con una prueba de esfuerzo controlada bajo el mismo protocolo de rendimiento cardiovascular para los tres grupos. El G1 recibió persuasión verbal positiva, el G2 persuasión verbal negativa y el G3 completó la prueba sin persuasión verbal. El instrumento aplicado fue el Cuestionario de auto-eficacia pre y pos carrera que resultó válido y confiable con una distribución normal. Los resultados de la investigación permitieron mostrar que la auto-eficacia para realizar ejercicio puede ser manipulada positiva o negativamente en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad (G1 = 84.58 ± 17.40; G2 = 57.83 ± 22.16; G3 = 89.00 ± 9.46, p = 0.001). Las conclusiones de estos resultados denotan clara importancia, dado que frecuentemente los programas de ejercicio son abandonados por las personas con obesidad. La manipulación positiva sobre la variable cognitiva resulta en un mejor rendimiento en la prueba de esfuerzo, mientras que la manipulación negativa resulta en lo contrario, independientemente de la condición física.
Thermal ecology of the Rattlesnake Crotalus catalinensis from Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California
Authors: Arnaud Gustavo , Sandoval Sarai , Escobar-Flores Jonathan G. , Escobar-Flores Jonathan G. , Gomez-Muñoz Victor M. , Buguete Jorge L. 
Published: October 2019

The body temperature of the Santa Catalina Island rattlesnake (Crotalus catalinensis) is reported for the first time. C. catalinensis presented a broad range of body temperature (13.6 °C - 38.2 °C; = 25.9 °C; N = 65). The interval substrate temperature associated with the snakes is between 14.8 °C and 37.9 °C, while the ambient temperature ranges from 16.4 °C to 36.2 °C. A higher correlation was found between body temperature and substrate. No significant differences between sexes were observed. The lower active temperature recorded was during March (14.0 °C - 23.7 °C), while the highest temperature occurred in November (19.4 °C - 39.6 °C). The relative humidity recorded was between 53.15% and 77.32%. The open ground habitat without vegetation was the most frequented by snakes. It had been reported that C. catalinensis presented diurnal and nocturnal habits; however, we found that it exhibited only nocturnal habits, even during winter periods. C. catalinensis exhibited, like other rattlesnakes, thermo-conformist behavior, its body temperature correlating with soil temperature; however, the question about whether other rattlesnakes’ pattern of activity is also influenced by relative humidity as it did with C. catalinensis (which is an island species) arises.
Deficient knowledge in adult Turner syndrome care as an incentive to found Turner centers in Germany
Authors: Kahlert Elin , Blaschke Martina , Brockmann Knut , Freiberg Clemens , Janssen Onno E , Stahnke Nikolaus , Strik Domenika , Merkel Martin , Mann Alexander , Liesenkötter Klaus-Peter , Siggelkow Heide 
Published: October 2019

Objective
Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized by the complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome and associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations. We aimed to assess the medical care of adult patients with TS in Germany.

Design
Retrospective multicenter observational study.

Methods
Data were collected from medical records of 258 women with TS treated between 2001 and 2017 in five non-university endocrinologic centers in Germany.

Results
Mean age was 29.8 ± 11.6 years, mean height 152 ± 7.7 cm, and mean BMI 26.6 ± 6.3 kg/m2. The karyotype was known in 50% of patients. Information on cholesterol state, liver enzymes, and thyroid status was available in 81–98% of women with TS; autoimmune thyroiditis was diagnosed in 37%. Echocardiography was performed in 42% and cardiac MRI in 8.5%, resulting in a diagnosis of cardiovascular disorder in 28%. Data on growth hormone therapy were available for 40 patients (15%) and data concerning menarche in 157 patients (61%).

Conclusion
In 258 women with TS, retrospective analysis of healthcare data indicated that medical management was focused on endocrine manifestations. Further significant clinical features including cardiovascular disease, renal malformation, liver involvement, autoimmune diseases, hearing loss, and osteoporosis were only marginally if at all considered. Based on this evaluation and in accordance with recent guidelines, we compiled a documentation form facilitating the transition from pediatric to adult care and further medical management of TS patients. The foundation of Turner Centers in March 2019 will improve the treatment of TS women in Germany.
The Kighal Porphyry Cu–Mo Deposit, NW Iran: Insights into Origin and Evolution of the Mineralizing Fluids
Authors: Hassanpour S. , Rajabpour S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
—The Kighal porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, located at 46°42′36″ N and 38°37′06″ E, occurs 120 km north of Tabriz and 12 km north of Varzeghan in the Arasbaran magmatic belt, NW Iran. The geologic units in the Kighal area are Eocene and Oligocene volcanic rocks associated with Miocene intrusive and subvolcanic rocks. Quartz-monzonite porphyry in the Kighal area hosts porphyry style Cu–Mo mineralization consisting of four alteration zones (potassic, phyllic, argillic, and propylitic) and abundant quartz veinlets. Based on mineralogy and geochemistry data, the intrusive and subvolcanic rocks belong to quartz-diorite, diorite, and granite units with high-K calc-alkaline to calc-alkaline affinities. All samples are enriched in LILE and depleted in HFSE, pointing to a mantle magma source contamination with subducted oceanic-crust material. Three types of fluid inclusions are identified in quartz from different quartz-sulfide veinlets, including multiphase (LVS) and liquid-rich (LV) inclusions in the potassic zone, liquid-rich (LV) and vapor-rich (VL) inclusions in the phyllic zone, and liquid-rich (LV) inclusions in the silicic zone. Microthermometry studies showed that Th in multiphase fluid inclusions in the potassic zone varied from 265 to 450 °C and salinity, from 38 to 59 wt.% NaCl-equiv. These values are higher than those of two-phase fluid inclusions in the phyllic zone (Th of 163 to 466 °C and salinity of 0.3 to 11 wt.% NaCl-equiv.). The calculated δ18OH2O and δDH2O values in biotite, sericite, and quartz from potassic, phyllic, and silicic zones showed that it is predominantly magmatic water with a lesser amount of meteoric water that is responsible for mineralization in the potassic zone. Light δDH2O values of biotite in the potassic zone suggest a magma degassing process and/or a change in the fluid composition with magmatic water influx to a hydrothermal system.