bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of anosognosia in alzheimer's disease and its relationship to amyloid
Authors: Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Scott Matthew R. , Sikkes Sietske A. M. , Properzi Michael , Gatchel Jennifer R. , Salmon Eric , Marshall Gad A. , Vannini Patrizia ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveUnawareness, or anosognosia, of memory deficits is a challenging manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that adversely affects a patient's safety and decision‐making. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the presence, as well as the evolution, of altered awareness of memory function across the preclinical and prodromal stages of AD. Here, we aimed to characterize change in awareness of memory abilities and its relationship to beta‐amyloid (Aβ) burden in a large cohort (N = 1,070) of individuals across the disease spectrum.MethodsMemory awareness was longitudinally assessed (average number of visits = 4.3) and operationalized using the discrepancy between mean participant and partner report on the Everyday Cognition scale (memory domain). Aβ deposition was measured at baseline using [18F]florbetapir positron emission tomographic imaging.ResultsAβ predicted longitudinal changes in memory awareness, such that awareness decreased faster in participants with increased Aβ burden. Aβ and clinical group interacted to predict change in memory awareness, demonstrating the strongest effect in dementia participants, but could also be found in the cognitively normal (CN) participants. In a subset of CN participants who progressed to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), heightened memory awareness was observed up to 1.6 years before MCI diagnosis, with memory awareness declining until the time of progression to MCI (−0.08 discrepant‐points/yr). In a subset of MCI participants who progressed to dementia, awareness was low initially and continued to decline (−0.23 discrepant‐points/yr), reaching anosognosia 3.2 years before dementia onset.InterpretationAβ burden is associated with a progressive decrease in self‐awareness of memory deficits, reaching anosognosia approximately 3 years before dementia diagnosis. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:267–280
A Stable Cyclic (R2SnAu)3 Anion Having In‐Plane σ‐Möbius Aromaticity
Authors: Wang Liliang , Xu Jian , Kira Mitsuo , Yan Liping , Xiao Xu‐Qiong , Li Zhifang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA cyclic (R2SnAu)3 anion (3−, R2Sn=2,2,5,5‐tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)‐1‐stannacyclopentane‐1,1‐diyl) has been synthesized as a stable blue salt with K+(THF)6 through the reaction of stable dialkylstannylene 1 with R′3PAuCl (R′=Et, Ph) followed by the reduction with KC8. Crystallographic and NMR analysis shows that the six‐membered (SnAu)3 ring of 3− is planar and highly symmetric with an equal distance of six Au−Sn bonds. A UV/Vis spectrum of 3− in hexane reveals an intense absorption maximum at 598 nm. While cyclic Au3− with four valence electrons is known as unstable anti‐aromatic anion, 3− with three divalent tin ligands is stable σ aromatic anion with an unprecedented Möbius orbital array as predicted by the perturbation MO and CCSD analysis of 3−.
Yttrium‐86 Is a Positron Emitting Surrogate of Gadolinium for Noninvasive Quantification of Whole‐Body Distribution of Gadolinium‐Based Contrast Agents
Authors: Le Fur Mariane , Rotile Nicholas J. , Correcher Carlos , Clavijo Jordan Veronica , Ross Alana W. , Catana Ciprian , Caravan Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) are used to provide diagnostic information in clinical magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. Gadolinium (Gd) has been detected in the brain, bone and skin of patients, months and years following GBCA administration, raising concerns about long term toxicity. Despite increased scrutiny, the concentration, chemical form and fate of the retained gadolinium species remain unknown. Importantly, the whole body biodistribution and organ clearance of GBCAs is poorly understood in humans. Gadolinium lacks suitable isotopes for nuclear imaging. We demonstrate that the yttrium‐86 isotope can be used as a gadolinium surrogate. We show that Gd and their analogous Y complexes have similar properties both in solution and in vivo, and that yttrium‐86 PET can be used to track the biodistribution of GBCAs over a two‐day period.
Modulating the Biofunctionality of Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Encapsulated Enzymes through Controllable Embedding Patterns
Authors: Chen Guosheng , Kou Xiaoxue , Huang Siming , Tong Linjing , Shen Yujian , Zhu Wangshu , Zhu Fang , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEmbedding an enzyme within a MOF as exoskeleton (enzyme@MOF) offers new opportunities to improve the inherent fragile nature of the enzyme, but also to impart novel biofunctionality to the MOF. Despite the remarkable stability achieved for MOF‐embedded enzymes, embedding patterns and conversion of the enzymatic biofunctionality after entrapment by a MOF have only received limited attention. Herein, we reveal how embedding patterns affect the bioactivity of an enzyme encapsulated in ZIF‐8. The enzyme@MOF can maintain high activity when the encapsulation process is driven by rapid enzyme‐triggered nucleation of ZIF‐8. When the encapsulation is driven by slow coprecipitation and the enzymes are not involved in the nucleation of ZIF‐8, enzyme@MOF tends to be inactive owing to unfolding and competing coordination caused by the ligand, 2‐methyl imidazole. These two embedding patterns can easily be controlled by chemical modification of the amino acids of the enzymes, modulating their biofunctionality.
Self‐Immolative Activation of β‐Galactosidase‐Responsive Probes for In Vivo MR Imaging in Mouse Models
Authors: Lilley Laura M. , Kamper Sarah , Caldwell Michael , Chia Zer Keen , Ballweg David , Vistain Luke , Krimmel Jeffrey , Mills Teresa Anne , MacRenaris Keith , Lee Paul , Waters Emily Alexandria , Meade Thomas J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOur lab has developed a new series of self‐immolative MR agents for the rapid detection of enzyme activity in mouse models expressing β‐galactosidase (β‐gal). We investigated two molecular architectures to create agents that detect β‐gal activity by modulating the coordination of water to GdIII. The first is an intermolecular approach, wherein we designed several structural isomers to maximize coordination of endogenous carbonate ions. The second involves an intramolecular mechanism for q modulation. We incorporated a pendant coordinating carboxylate ligand with a 2, 4, 6, or 8 carbon linker to saturate ligand coordination to the GdIII ion. This renders the agent ineffective. We show that one agent in particular (6‐C pendant carboxylate) is an extremely effective MR reporter for the detection of enzyme activity in a mouse model expressing β‐gal.
The Bis(ferrocenyl)phosphenium Ion Revisited
Authors: Olaru Marian , Mischin Alexandra , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe bis(ferrocenyl)phosphenium ion, [Fc2P]+, reported by Cowley et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 714–715), was the only claimed donor‐free divalent phosphenium ion. Our examination of the molecular and electronic structure reveals that [Fc2P]+ possesses significant intramolecular Fe⋅⋅⋅P contacts, which are predominantly electrostatic and moderate the Lewis acidity. Nonetheless, [Fc2P]+ undergoes complex formation with the Lewis bases PPh3 and IPr to give the donor–acceptor complexes [Fc2P(PPh3)]+ and [Fc2P(IPr)]+ (IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene).
Thermal and flammability properties influenced by Zn/Al, Co/Al, and Ni/Al layered double hydroxide in low‐density polyethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Jaerger Silvia , Wypych Fernando 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTLayered double hydroxide (LDH) containing different metal constituents (Zn, Co, and Ni) was intercalated with different organic anions and has been used as fillers in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and its thermal and flammability behavior was evaluated. The best thermal stability (∆T0.5 = 21 °C) was obtained with the LDPE‐Ni/Al‐dodecyl sulfate (4 wt %) nanocomposite. Addition of hydrophobic LDHs systematically decreases the enthalpy of melting and crystallization compared to the neat polymer. In LDPE‐Co/Al‐dodecyl sulfate (2 wt %) nanocomposite, the melting and crystallization enthalpies declined by about 45 J/g, indicating a good interaction of the filler with the polymer matrix. A reduction of 20% of the flammability for the LDPE‐Ni/Al‐stearate (4 wt %) nanocomposite was obtained. On the other hand, Zn–Co LDH as filler in LDPE nanocomposite did not affect effectively the same property. In an innovative study, results indicate that different metal constituents and interlayer anion of LDH as filler can change thermal and flammability properties of the polymer nanocomposite. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48737.
Osteohistology and Life History of the Basal Pygostylian, Confuciusornis sanctus
Authors: Chinsamy Anusuya , Marugán‐Lobón Jesús , Serrano Francisco J. , Chiappe Luis 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTMore than a thousand specimens of Confuciusornis sanctus have been recovered from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Group of Northeastern China. Here, we investigate the bone microstructure of 33 long bones sampled from 14 C. sanctus specimens in an attempt to assess the life history patterns of this basal pygostylian bird. Analysis of the histology of various skeletal elements (femur, humerus, tibia, radius, and ulna) revealed differences in the histology of their bone walls. Based on the osteohistology, we coded the examined specimens into five histology age classes. We found that histological age was not strictly correlated with body size. The variability in the histology of multiple bones from single skeletons suggests differences in the growth rate of the skeleton in response to allometry, functional demands, and pathology. We show that although fibrolamellar bone is widespread across birds, the extent and duration of this rapid phase of bone deposition is highly variable. Comparisons among Mesozoic birds confirm that early ontogenetic growth was rapid, but that later post‐hatching growth was strongly influenced by the ontogenetic age of the individual, body size, and local environment, as well as taxonomy. Our findings indicate that C. sanctus experienced rapid growth from early ontogeny until almost fully grown, and thereafter transitioned to slow, episodic growth (for at least 3–4 years) to reach skeletal maturity. Anat Rec, 303:949–962, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Web searching and navigation: Age, intelligence, and familiarity
Authors: Nori Raffaella , Palmiero Massimiliano , Giusberti Fiorella , Gambetti Elisa , Piccardi Laura 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn using the Internet to solve everyday problems, older adults tend to find fewer correct answers compared to younger adults. Some authors have argued that these differences could be explained by age‐related decline. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between web‐searching navigation and usersʼ age, considering the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and frequency of Internet and personal computer use. The intent was to identify differences due to age and not to other variables (that is, cognitive decline, expertise with the tool). Eighteen students (18–30 years) and 18 older adults (60–75 years) took part in the experiment. Inclusion criteria were the frequent use of computers and a web‐searching activity; the older adults performed the Mini‐Mental State Examination to exclude cognitive impairment. Participants were requested to perform the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2nd ed. to measure their IQ level, and nine everyday web‐searching tasks of differing complexity. The results showed that older participants spent more time on solving tasks than younger participants, but with the same accuracy as young people. Furthermore, nonverbal IQ improved performance in terms of time among the older participants. Age did not influence web‐searching behavior in users with normal expertise and intelligence.
Bio‐based succinic acid: an overview of strain development, substrate utilization, and downstream purification
Authors: Dai Zhongxue , Guo Feng , Zhang Shangjie , Zhang Wenming , Yang Qiao , Dong Weiliang , Jiang Min , Ma Jiangfeng , Xin Fengxue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSuccinic acid is an industrially important platform chemical that could be used as precursor for the establishment of a sustainable chemical industry. Due to the depletion of crude oil and the need for sustainable development, the biological production of succinic acid from renewable resources has attracted wide attention. To establish an economical bio‐based succinic acid production process, various metabolic engineering strategies have been developed and applied to improve the strain performance, including efficient CO2 fixation, by‐product elimination, use of metabolic modeling approaches, engineering of transcriptional regulations and optimization of reducing power balance. The utilization of renewable waste resources and the optimization of purification process have also been investigated to decrease the cost. This review will provide insights for current advances in succinic acid production and perspectives on further research to make bio‐based succinic acid production more efficient and economical. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Sequential Tests of Hypotheses in Consecutive Trials
Authors: Bauer P. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMethods of testing the global null hypothesis in planned consecutive trials are proposed. One decision rule based on the inverse sampling principle stops further experimentation with the rejection of the global null hypothesis, if in already k of the m planned experiments the individual null hypotheses have been rejected at a certain level. This method for k ≥ 1 also allows early stopping with the “acceptance” of the global null hypothesis, if already m − k + 1 of the individual null hypotheses could not be rejected in their respective experiments. The second stopping rule is a repeated‐significance‐test‐version of Fisher's method for combining test results from different experiments.
Health risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in pistachio using a QuEChERS‐based method in combination with HPLC‐UV
Authors: Mahdavi Vahideh , Garshasbi Zohreh , Farimani Mahdi Moridi , Farhadpour Mohsen , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is an increasing need to address the potential risks arising from combined exposures to multiple residues from pesticides in the diet. Pesticide residue‐related pollution is a problem that arises because of the increased use of pesticides in agriculture to meet the growing demands of food production. In this study, pesticide residue data were obtained based on an optimized extraction method. For this purpose, we established a method based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction for simultaneous determination of imidacloprid (IMI) and acetamiprid (ACT) in pistachio nuts. The parameters influencing the QuEChERS method were the sample‐to‐water ratio and adsorbent amounts. As a result, both were optimized to improve the recovery of the analytes as well as the clean‐up efficiency of the pistachio matrix. Our results indicated that a freeze‐out step and use of primary and secondary amines as an adsorbent led to much cleaner chromatograms with lower baseline drift, without using graphitized carbon black and C18‐based adsorbent, which reduced both cost and time of analysis. Following extraction, the pesticide residues were separated and quantified by reverse‐phase HPLC. For validation purposes, recovery studies were carried out using a concentration range from 20 to 2500 μg/L at nine levels. The suitable linearity, precision, and accuracy were obtained with HPLC–UV with recoveries of 70.37%–89.80% for IMI and 81.05%–113.57% for ACT, with relative standard deviations <12%. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of pistachio samples collected from a field trial to estimate maximum residue limits. There was no significant health risk for consumers via pistachio consumption.
A Unified Experimental/Theoretical Description of the Ultrafast Photophysics of Single and Double Thionated Uracils
Authors: Teles‐Ferreira Danielle Cristina , Conti Irene , Borrego‐Varillas Rocío , Nenov Artur , Van Stokkum Ivo H. M. , Ganzer Lucia , Manzoni Cristian , de Paula Ana Maria , Cerullo Giulio , Garavelli Marco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotoinduced processes in thiouracil derivatives have lately attracted considerable attention due to their suitability for innovative biological and pharmacological applications. Here, sub‐20 fs broadband transient absorption spectroscopy in the near‐UV are combined with CASPT2/MM decay path calculations to unravel the excited‐state decay channels of water solvated 2‐thio and 2,4‐dithiouracil. These molecules feature linear absorption spectra with overlapping ππ* bands, leading to parallel decay routes which we systematically track for the first time. The results reveal that different processes lead to the triplet states population, both directly from the ππ* absorbing state and via the intermediate nπ* dark state. Moreover, the 2,4‐dithiouracil decay pathways is shown to be strongly correlated either to those of 2‐ or 4‐thiouracil, depending on the sulfur atom on which the electronic transition localizes.
Local analysis of Marangoni effects during and after droplet formation
Authors: Heine Jens S. , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe influence on the mass transfer in liquid‐liquid extraction was investigated during droplet formation in a quiescent aqueous continuous phase for the two transition components, acetone and acetonitrile, in toluene. Both transition components have similar characteristics. However, an approximately eight times slower mass transfer of a droplet hanging on a capillary in relation to a rising droplet could be observed. The droplet formation time and the initial solute concentration are decisive for the mass transfer behaviour. A lower volumetric flow leads to slower droplet formation and a higher specific mass transfer area enhancing mass transfer, which is visualized via laser induced fluorescence (LIF). Additionally, as expected, higher initial solute concentrations promote Marangoni turbulences and thus mass transfer, which is measured via confocal Raman spectroscopy inside a fixed hanging droplet.
Mass deworming for improving health and cognition of children in endemic helminth areas: A systematic review and individual participant data network meta‐analysis
Authors: Welch Vivian A. , Ghogomu Elizabeth , Hossain Alomgir , Riddle Alison , Gaffey Michelle , Arora Paul , Dewidar Omar , Salam Rehana , Cousens Simon , Black Robert , Hollingsworth T. Déirdre , Horton Sue , Tugwell Peter , Bundy Donald , Castro Mary Christine , Elliott Alison , Friis Henrik , Le Huong T. , Liu Chengfang , Rousham Emily K. , Rohner Fabian , King Charles , Sartono Erliyani , Supali Taniawati , Steinmann Peter , Webb Emily , Wieringa Franck , Winnichagoon Pattanee , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Wells George 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSoil transmitted (or intestinal) helminths and schistosomes affect millions of children worldwide.ObjectivesTo use individual participant data network meta‐analysis (NMA) to explore the effects of different types and frequency of deworming drugs on anaemia, cognition and growth across potential effect modifiers.Search MethodsWe developed a search strategy with an information scientist to search MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Econlit, Internet Documents in Economics Access Service (IDEAS), Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS), Social Services Abstracts, Global Health CABI and CAB Abstracts up to March 27, 2018. We also searched grey literature, websites, contacted authors and screened references of relevant systematic reviews.Selection CriteriaWe included randomised and quasirandomised deworming trials in children for deworming compared to placebo or other interventions with data on baseline infection.Data Collection and AnalysisWe conducted NMA with individual participant data (IPD), using a frequentist approach for random‐effects NMA. The covariates were: age, sex, weight, height, haemoglobin and infection intensity. The effect estimate chosen was the mean difference for the continuous outcome of interest.ResultsWe received data from 19 randomized controlled trials with 31,945 participants. Overall risk of bias was low. There were no statistically significant subgroup effects across any of the potential effect modifiers. However, analyses showed that there may be greater effects on weight for moderate to heavily infected children (very low certainty evidence).Authors' ConclusionsThis analysis reinforces the case against mass deworming at a population‐level, finding little effect on nutritional status or cognition. However, children with heavier intensity infections may benefit more. We urge the global community to adopt calls to make data available in open repositories to facilitate IPD analyses such as this, which aim to assess effects for the most vulnerable individuals.
Effect of intercell interference on cell boundary users in three‐cell and seven‐cell HetCN
Authors: Borah Janmoni , Hussain Anwar , Bora Joyatri 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIndoor and cell‐edge coverage has been a major issue of concern for predeployed traditional macrocell (MC)–based homogeneous cellular network. Moreover, with the extensive increase of mobile users and developments of smart and highly specified devices, user demands and activities have led to huge cellular traffic. The key solutions to these that include network upgradation, overlaying of small cells (SCs), and scaling of resources have turned out to be the major causes for intercell interference (ICI) and energy‐efficiency degradation in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetCNs). In this paper, authors have tried to analyze the downlink performance metrics of cell boundary users with MCs overlaying SCs for three‐cell circular and seven‐cell sectorized networks through frequency reuse (FR) schemes. This paper also discusses the impact of ICI being encountered by users and the effect of SCs on the energy efficiency of the network. The locations for SCs are perceived where user density is large and demands high data rate such as at hot‐spot (HS) areas, railway stations, shopping malls, working farms, and organization. The performance metrics sum rate, average user throughput, and energy efficiency are compared by employing FR‐1 (full spectrum) and FR‐3 (three subbands) among MCs and deployed SCs. For both scenarios, simulation results and analyses depict that without SCs, utilization of FR‐1 results in performance degradation due to ICI effects. However, the downlink performance of cell boundary user and energy efficiency of the network could be enhanced by overlaying SCs near cell boundaries of preexisting MCs along with the allocation of FR‐1.