bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Graphic Method of Dipmeter Interpretation Using the Stereo-Net
Authors: De Witte A.J. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 192–199.

Introduction
The importance of determining dips of subsurface formations in wells, especially in wildcat wells, is self-evident and need not be enlarged upon.
Various dipmeter instruments have been described in technical literature over the years. The introduction of the continuous dipmeters has made the earlier types obsolete.
Continuous dipmeter logs are run by at least two different major service companies. Included as part of the service are a limited number of dip calculations -usually 10 - made at different levels from the log. Very frequently this is the total result of a dip survey. It is believed that dipmeter surveys would be of considerably more advantage if geologists and engineers were able to make their own calculations from the original records.
Determination of dips from the dipmeter record starts with the correlation of three log curves taken at different sides of the borehole. It cannot be over-emphasized that the quality of the results hinges primarily on this correlation. Nobody should be better qualified to correlate logs than a subsurface geologist or field engineer.
The next requirement is to have an easy yet accurate way of computing the dip from the correlated points. Service companies use a mechanical device for this purpose. Directions for a graphical method were given in a recent article by B. O. Prescott.
This paper describes a different graphical technique which, in our experience, is simpler, faster and at least as accurate. The entire manipulation is carried out on the stereonet in a number of easy moves.
The paper is divided into two parts. This first part contains the introductory sections and full explanation of the geometry involved. The second part reviews the reading of data from an actual field log and summarizes the practical rules for computation of dips, the whole process being illustrated by an example.
Following the outlined procedure, one could calculate a good many levels in a relatively short time, thus being able in particular to check suspected anomalies such as fault zones or unconformities in as close detail as the log will permit.
Understanding the association between caregiver sex and HIV infection among orphans and vulnerable children in Tanzania: Learning from the USAID Kizazi Kipya Project
Authors: Exavery Amon , Charles John , Kuhlik Erica , Barankena Asheri , Koler Alison , Kikoyo Levina , Jere Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Tanzania has met only 50.1% of the 90% target for diagnosing HIV in children. Context-specific strategies are necessary to find the hidden children for HIV testing. This study assesses the association between caregiver sex and HIV status of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Methods Data originate from the community-based, USAID-funded Kizazi Kipya Project, which works towards increasing OVC’s and their caregivers’ uptake of HIV/AIDS and other social services in Tanzania. Included in this study are 39,578 OVC ages 0–19 years who the project served during January-March 2017 in 18 regions of Tanzania and who voluntarily reported their HIV status. Data analysis involved multi-level logistic regression, with OVC HIV status as the outcome and caregiver’s sex the main independent variable. Results Three-quarters (74.3%) of the OVC included in the study had female caregivers, and their overall HIV prevalence was 7.1%. The prevalence was significantly higher (p<0.001) among OVC with male caregivers (7.8%) than among OVC with female caregivers (6.8%), and indeed, multivariate analysis showed that OVC with male caregivers were significantly 40% more likely to be HIV-positive than those with female caregivers (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.08–1.83). This effect was the strongest among 0–4 year-olds (OR=4.02, 95% CI 1.61–10.03), declined to 1.72 among 5–9 year-olds (OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.02–2.93), and lost significance for children over age 9 years. This effect was adjusted for OVC sex and nutritional status; caregiver marital status, education level, and HIV status; family’s place of residence, size, wealth quintile, and health insurance ownership; and co-residence of multiple OVC. Conclusion OVC in Tanzania with male caregivers have a 40% higher likelihood of being HIVpositive than those with female caregivers. HIV risk assessment activities should target OVC with male caregivers, as well as OVC who have malnutrition, HIV-positive caregivers, or caregivers who do not disclose their HIV status to community volunteers. Further, younger HIV-positive OVC are more likely to live in rural areas, while older HIV-positive OVC are more likely to live in urban areas. These factors should be integrated in HIV risk assessment algorithms to enhance HIV testing yields and pediatric case-finding in the OVC population in Tanzania.
Overexpression of splicing factor poly(rC)-binding protein 1 elicits cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and p73 splicing in human cervical carcinoma cells
Authors: Zhang Hong , Chen Yuhong , Di Cuixia , Xu Caipeng , Chen Xiaohua , Che Tuanjie , Miao Guoying , Zhang Xuetian , Yan Junfang , Wang Fang , Li Hongyan , Yang Hongying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Splicing factor poly(rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is a novel tumor suppressor that is downregulated in many cancers thereby regulates tumor formation and metastasis. However, to date, little information has been available on the molecular mechanisms by which PCBP1 evokes apoptosis.Results Here, we explored the molecular mechanism by which PCBP1 triggers apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells. We testified that overexpression of PCBP1 greatly repressed proliferation of HeLa cells in time-dependent manner. It also induced a significant increase in G2 / M phase arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, it was shown that overexpression of PCBP1 caused p73 splicing, and thus efficiently downregulated the ratio of Bax / Bcl-2, the release of cytochrome c and the expression of caspase-3.Conclusion Our results revealed that PCBP1 played a vital role in cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and p73 splicing in human cervical carcinoma cells and targeting PCBP1 may be a promising approach in cervical cancer therapy.
Identification of cancer-promoting circRNAs and potential contributions of these circRNAs to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Zhai Zhensheng , Yang Meiqin , Ren Chongren , Zhang Donglin , Li Xiaomin , Zhang Jing , He Jiefeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose There is growing awareness of critical roles of circular RNA (circRNA) in tumor growth and development. This study aimed to discover new cancer-promoting circRNAs and to study their potential roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The expression profiles and clinical data of HCC-related circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. A model of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was established based on analysis and interaction prediction. The main biological functions of the targeted mRNA were predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to reveal important hub genes. The online tool OncomiR and GEPIA were used to analyze the correlation between miRNA and mRNA and clinicopathological features, and the Kaplan-Meier curve was constructed to reveal the relationship between mRNA and patient prognosis. Results Differential analysis indicated that twenty highly expressed circRNA in GEO microarray datasets GSE78520, GSE94508, and GSE97332. Ten miRNAs were targeted by 20 circRNAs. These miRNAs are expressed at lower levels in the TCGA liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) expression profile, and most of the functions of these genes are closely related to pathological staging. These 10 miRNAs predicted a total of 7310 downstream mRNAs, of which 169 mRNAs were more abundant than normal tissues in the TCGA LIHC expression profile. GO analysis, KEGG analysis, and protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that E2F1, H2AFX, TOP2A, and RAD51 are central genes of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and are mainly involved in biological mechanisms such as cell cycle, cancer-related pathways, and blood vessel morphogenesis. In addition, E2F1, H2AFX, TOP2A, and RAD51 are also closely related to the pathological stage and survival of patients. Conclusions The analysis allowed the construction of a competitive endogenous RNA network associated with cancer-promoting circRNAs. Genes involved in this network may provide potential therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
The prognostic impact of preoperative platelet distribution width-to-platelet count ratio in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: wu Jiacheng , Xu Haifei , Gao Mingde , Ji Hao , Zhu Jinfeng , Shao Jingjing , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Preoperative platelet distribution width-to-platelet count ratio (PDW/PLT) has been discussed about its prognostic value in several malignancies, whereas its role in bladder cancer remains unclear. In this study, we attempt to investigate the relationship between the PDW/PLT and the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer.Patients and Methods The clinical data of 115 cases of bladder cancer treated in urology department of Nantong tumor hospital from January 2009 to August 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The best critical value of PDW/PLT was 0.09965 determined by ROC curve. The patients were divided into low PDW/PLT group and high PDW/PLT group. After 5 years of follow-up, survival was observed, and the clinicopathological data of patients were statistically analyzed. Kaplan Meier method and log rank test were used for single factor survival analysis, and Cox regression analysis was used for multiple factors survival analysis.Results The age of patients in low PDW/PLT group was significantly lower than that in high PDW/PLT group (P=0.008). There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, TNM stage, grade, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, operation method, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, and other operation history (P>0.05). All patients were followed up for 5 years. 89 patients survived, the survival rate was 77.4%, 26 patients died, the mortality rate was 22.6%. There were 94 cases (81.7%) in low PDW/PLT group and 21 cases (18.3%) in high PDW/PLT group. The tumor progression rates of low PDW/PLT group and high PDW/PLT group were 57.4% (54/94) and 71.4% (15/21) respectively. The median PFS was 85 months and 71 months respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Single factor analysis showed that TNM stage, grade, lymph node metastasis, PDW/PLT were the factors affecting OS (P<0.05). The results of Cox multivariate analysis showed that PDW/PLT was an independent risk factor for tumor progression (P＜0.05). The increase of PDW/PLT can significantly reduce OS and PFS in patients with bladder cancer.Conclusions PDW/PLT is an independent prognostic factor in patients with bladder cancer, and it is related to the clinicopathological characteristics. It has a certain value in evaluating the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer.
The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Performance and Recovery Sleep during Acute sleep Deprivation
Authors: Cheng Jin-xiang , Zhao Xianchao , Qiu Jian , Jiang Yingcong , Ren Jiafeng , Sun Shuyu , Wang Rong , Su Changjun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have claimed that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) improves cognition in patients, but few studies that have evaluated the effects of tDCS on cognition improvement during sleep deprivation. To determine whether tDCS (anodal on the left DLPFC and cathodal on the right DLPFC at 2mA current for 30 minutes) can be an effective fatigue countermeasure. Methods: Seven participants and 8 participants underwent active or sham tDCS on the time participants’ cognition declined, respectively. All participants completed the psychomotor vigilance task, the trail making test A and B, the digit cancellation test, the stroop color word test, the brief visuospatial memory test-revised and a procedural game every two hours during the sleep deprivation and after recovery sleep. Results: The active tDCS had beneficial effects on attention, memory, executive function, processing speed, and the ability to inhibit cognitive interference, as well as improvements of subjective drowsiness and fatigue during sleep deprivation. The lasting effect of single tDCS on cognition during sleep deprivation can extend to more than 2 hours. All participants after tDCS gained no disturbed recovery sleep and recovered to baseline cognitive level after the recovery sleep. Conclusions: The study indicated that tDCS is an effective fatigue countermeasure during sleep deprivation, and doesn’t disturb the recovery sleep and performance postrecovery sleep.
Interferon-Inducible Protein 16 (IFI16) is a Prognostic Biomarker and Related to Immune Infiltrates in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
Authors: Yu Bao Zhong , Zhang Jian Dong , Sun Ze Jia , Cao Peng , Zheng Xiang , Gao Zi Hao , Cao Hao Yuan , Zhang Fei Long , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common and lethal types of cancer within the urinary system. the current challenges include how to diagnose RCC in the earlier stage and the drug resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, to investigate the survival rate and immune infiltration in RCC base on gene expression of IFI16 in RCC. Methods: We explored the relationship between the transcription level of IFI16 and clinical data in RCC through various online databases, including ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Timer and COEXPEDIA. Results: In comparison with the corresponding normal tissues, the mRNA expression levels of IFI16 are higher in KIRC tissues (p＜ 0.05), while lower in KICH tissues (p＜0.05). The mRNA expression of IFI16 has a positive correlation with TNM stage in KIRC(p=8.56e-07) and KIRP(p=0.00078). In KIRC, the higher expression of IFI16 suggests lower OS（HR=1.4; P=0.037; Log-rank p=0.037). In KIRP, the higher expression of IFI16 suggests lower DFS and OS (respectively, HR=1.9, P=0.037, Log-rank p=0.034; HR=2.3, P=0.011, Log-rank p=0.0091). In contrast, the expression level of IFI16 has a negative correlation with the tumour purity in KICH, KIRC and KIRP via the Timer database (all, p < 0.05). In KIRC and KIRP, the expression level of IFI16 has a positive correlation with the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) (all, p < 0.05), except the macrophages in KIRP. In KIRC, the main TIICs in the arm-level deletion state of the IFI16 gene were B cell, CD4+T cell, Neutrophil, and Dendritic cell, while the main TIICs in the high amplification state were Macrophage (all, p < 0.0001). 108 genes are co-expressed with the IFI16 gene. Function enrichment analysis by GO and KEGG mainly enriched on some functions, including neutrophil degranulation, phagocytosis, vesicle-mediated transport regulation and enriched on some signal pathways, including tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, phagosome, leishmaniasis, and Fc gamma R-med8ted. Conclusions: IFI16 acts as an oncogene in the progression of kidney cancer which is overexpressed in the RCC tissues. Apart from that, IFI16 has been determined as a marker of diagnosis and prognosis in RCC, which might be associated with the immune infiltration.
The meaning of humanization for first-year medical students - The use of narratives in medical school
Authors: Tavares Luciana , Enns Sylvia , Ayres José Ricardo , Tempski Patricia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose To analyze the meaning of humanization by first-year medical students as well as to find out about their role models and what were their personal experiences of humanization and dehumanization before entering medical school. Methods The authors performed a qualitative study using narratives of first-year medical students. The data were analyzed through content analysis. The narratives were used as a strategy to stimulate students' reflection and to understand their perspectives and values at the beginning of the medical program. Results The study included 167 participants: 67 females (40.1%) and 100 males (59.9%). The participants' ages ranged from 16 to 38 years. The analysis of the narratives showed three main themes: socio-political and economic aspects of medicine, humanization of healthcare, and dimensions of humanization and dehumanization. In their narratives, the students expressed the desire to become doctors, to help and improve people's lives, and the intention to emulate good role models. Another desire was to contribute to the development of the Brazilian healthcare system. The students considered the humanization of healthcare as an integral vision of the human being that includes perceiving the context and personal history, as well as the complexity, of the human being. The students emphasized the importance of "going beyond the technical dimension" in the relationship between physician and his/her patient. Some students recognized the transdisciplinary aspect of medicine. Conclusions The students in the first-year of the medical program have a clear understanding of the meaning of humanization in medical practice, regardless of their social and economic conditions, age, sex, and religion. The students' narratives expressed their expectations for a more humane society with respect, solidarity, and compassion. The use of narrative is a strategy to develop critical thinking and to better get to know our students: who they are, what they think, and how they feel.
Differential metabolism-associated gene expression of duck pancreatic cells in response to two subtypes of duck hepatitis A virus type 1
Authors: SHI Shaohua , CHEN Zhen , HUANG Yu , HUANG Cuiqin , LIU Rongchang , CHENG Longfei , FU Guanghua , CHEN Hongmei , WAN Chunhe , FU Qiuling 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) causes a highly contagious disease in domestic ducklings, which is traditionally characterized by lesions in the liver and rarely in the pancreas. However, several outbreaks of DHAV-1, which were characterized by yellow coloration and hemorrhage in pancreatic tissues, have occurred in China. Genomic sequencing indicated the presence in the variation rates of 3.4-6.5% in the genome of the novel DHAV-1 compared with DHAV-1. The antigenic relationship between the novel DHAV-1 and DHAV-1 indicated large variation. So the novel DHAV-1 was named as DHAV-1 subtype (DHAV-1a). But the mechanism involved in infection of DHAV-1a is still unclear. Results: In the present study, transcriptome analysis of duck pancreas infected with DHAV-1 and DHAV-1a was carried out. Following deep sequencing with Illumina-Solexa, a total of 53.9 Gb clean data were obtained from the cDNA library of the pancreas and a total of 29,597 unigenes with an average length of 993.43 bp were generated following de novo sequence assembly. The expression levels of D-3-phosphoglyceratedehydrogenase, phosphoserine aminotransferase, phosphoserine phosphatase, which are involved in the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway, were significantly down-regulated in the DHAV-1a-infected group compared with those of DHAV-1-infected group. Conclusion: These findings offered different expression levels of metabolism-associated genes between the novel DHAV-1a and DHAV-1, indicating that intensive metabolism disorder may contribute to different phenotypes of DHAV-1-infection.
Discover, analysis, and interpretation of problems and comparing satisfaction of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients: patients' perspective
Authors: Rafiee Ghazanfar , Roozbeh Jamshid 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: End-stage renal disease is an irreversible and progressive loss of kidney function and it can be fatal without hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplantation. Hemodialysis is a type of treatment where the patient is connected to a machine through a catheter via veins for twice or three times a week for approximately four hours. Alternatively, peritoneal dialysis is carried out with a plastic catheter insertion into the abdomen through which dialysis fluid (glucose) enters and is taken out. This study aimed to discover, analyze, interpret and compare end-stage renal disease patient's satisfaction with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis with an emphasis on complications and problems that was created during dialysis treatment.Methods: this study a qualitative exploratory approach was used at Shiraz hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis centers 2017-2018. In these centers there were 345 ESRD patients who were receiving dialysis. A purposeful sample of 35 hemodialysis and 30 peritoneal dialysis patients were interviewed. The data were collected through interview. Each session lasted for 50 minutes. Initially 12 open-ended questions were developed and used to stimulate discussions in sessions. Directed content analysis was used for analyzing the transcribed data. After giving a code to each line or incidence, codes were then compared for similarity and differences, merged together, and categorized. Results: Themes of Fatigue experience, Insomnia, Wasting time, Travel and leisure time activities limitations, Hypotension, Dissatisfaction and satisfaction with hemodialysis, Peritoneal catheter problems, peritoneal dialysis difficulties and limitations, satisfaction from peritoneal dialysis emerged. Each dialysis method has its own problems. Some problems and limitations were more emphasized on by patients. Conclusion: Each dialysis method has its own problems. Some problems and limitations were more emphasized on by patients.
Investigation of molecular mechanisms using integrated analysis of transcriptomes and cytokinome in dermatomyositis
Authors: Bai Jingjing , Wu Chanyuan , Zhong Danli , Xu Dong , Wang Qian , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Pathomechanism of dermatomyositis (DM) remains yet fully elucidated. While several cytokines have been proved to participate in the progress of DM, few studies provided a comprehensive analysis of cytokinome in different DM clinical-serological subgroups and correlation with disease activity as well as interaction with DM tissue lesions.Methods Transcriptome datasets of DM skin and muscle were obtained from public database. Hub genes and signaling pathways were filtered by bioinformatic software. Serum cytokinome was measured in DM patients with different clinical-serological subgroups and correlation with disease activity indicators was analyzed. Cytokine interaction network was constructed.Results 6 hub genes, including STAT1, MX1, ISG15, IFIT3, GBP1 and OAS2 were identified as IFN signature in DM. Differently expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the skin and muscle datasets were significantly enriched in the type I interferon signaling pathway, defense response to virus and chemotaxis. 11 cytokines were significantly elevated in patients positive for melanoma differentiation-associated protein (MDA5) antibody. IFN-α, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, IP-10, MCP1, GRO-α, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1RA were correlated with disease activity. MCP1/MIP-1α/RANTES/MCP2/CCR1 axes were filtered from cytokine interaction network.Conclusions The complexity of DM immunopathogenesis is mediated through interactions of multiple cytokines and signaling pathways. Type I interferon is the core participant in DM tissue damage. Serum upregulation of IFN-α, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, IP-10, MCP1, GRO-α, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1RA could be used for disease activity assessment in DM patients positive for MDA5 antibody. Finally, MCP1/MIP-1α/RANTES/MCP2/CCR1 axes mediated monocytes attraction might be novel therapeutic targets in DM by chemokine network analysis.