bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative analysis of outer membrane vesicles proteomics and whole-cell transcriptome analysis of eravacycline induced Acinetobacter baumannii strains
Authors: Kesavan Dinesh Kumar , Vasudevan Aparna , Wu Liang , Chen Jianguo , Su Zhaoliang , Wang Shengjun , Xu Huaxi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug resistant (MDR) hazardous bacterium with very high antimicrobial resistance profiles. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) help directly and/or indirectly towards antibiotic resistance in these organisms. The present study aims to look on the proteomic profile of OMV as well as on the bacterial transcriptome upon exposure and induction with eravacycline, a new synthetic fluorocycline. RNA sequencing analysis of whole cell and LC–MS/MS proteomic profiling of OMV proteome abundance were done to identify the differential expression among the eravacycline-induced A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and A. baumannii clinical strain JU0126.Results The Differential expressed genes from the RNA sequencing and were analysed using R package and bioinformatics software and tools. Genes encoding drug efflux and membrane transport were upregulated among the DEGs from both ATCC 19606 and JU0126 strains. As evident with the induction of eravacycline resistance, ribosomal proteins were upregulated in both the strains in the transcriptome profiles and also resistance pumps, such as MFS, RND, MATE and ABC transporters. High expression of stress and survival proteins were predominant in the OMVs proteome with ribosomal proteins, chaperons, OMPs OmpA, Omp38 upregulated in ATCC 19606 strain and ribosomal proteins, toluene tolerance protein, siderophore receptor and peptidases in the JU0126 strain. The induction of resistance to eravacycline was supported by the presence of upregulation of ribosomal proteins, resistance conferring factors and stress proteins in both the strains of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and JU0126, with the whole-cell gene transcriptome towards both resistance and stress genes while the OMVs proteome enriched more with survival proteins.Conclusion The induction of resistance to eravacycline in the strains were evident with the increased expression of ribosomal and transcription related genes/proteins. Apart from this resistance conferring efflux pumps, outer membrane proteins and stress related proteins were also an essential part of the upregulated DEGs. However, the expression profiles of OMVs proteome in the study was independent with respect to the whole cell RNA expression profiles with low to no correlation. This indicates the possible role of OMVs to be more of back-up additional protection to the existing bacterial cell defence during the antibacterial stress.
Patterns of access to reproductive health services in Ghana and Nigeria: results of a cluster analysis
Authors: Ogundele Oluwasegun Jko , Pavlova Milena , Groot Wim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background To understand differences in access to reproductive healthcare services, the use of family planning and maternal care by women in Ghana and Nigeria is examined.Methods We used population-level data from the Ghana and Nigeria Demographic Health Surveys of 2014 and 2013 in two-step cluster analysis followed by multinomial logistic regression analysis.Results The initial two-step cluster analyses on family planning identify three groups of women in Ghana and Nigeria: women with high, medium and poor access to family planning services. The subsequent two-step cluster analyses identify five distinct groups: higher, high, medium, low and poor access to maternal health services in Ghana and Nigeria. The multinomial logistic regression shows that education and occupation are associated with access to family planning and maternal health services. Women without education often have poor access to reproductive health services in both countries. In Nigeria, household wealth is strongly associated with access to maternal health services but household wealth does not explain access in Ghana. Not having insurance in Ghana is associated with low access to family planning service, while this is not the case in Nigeria.Conclusions These differences confirm the importance of a focused context-specific approach towards reproductive health services, particularly to reduce inequality in access resulting from socioeconomic status.
Population-level investigation of the knowledge of ocular chemical injuries and proper immediate action
Authors: Seraj Hadeel , Khawandanh Shahad , Fatani Arwa , Saeed Afnan , Alotaibi Ghadeer , Basheikh Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: Although the eyes occupy 0.1% of the total body surface, eye injuries are serious because vision is arguably the most important sense. We aimed to assess knowledge of Saudi Arabian residents regarding steps to be taken in cases of chemical eye injury, in order to promote awareness of such procedures. Results: This study included 888 individuals in the Saudi community; most of them were female (624, 70.3%), and 359 (40.4%) respondents were 18–29 years of age. Regarding the first step taken in case of chemical eye injury, 697 (78.5%) respondents indicated washing with water, 164 (18.5%) indicated visiting the emergency department, 11 (1.2%) indicated using eye drops, and 5 (0.6%) indicated covering the eye immediately. A total of 491 (55.3%) respondents agreed that alkaline injuries were more dangerous than acidic injuries. Seventy-five (8.4%) respondents agreed that an eye injured with an acidic material should be washed with an alkaline solution, while 60 (6.8%) respondents agreed that an eye exposed to an alkaline material should be washed with an acidic solution. These results should be confirmed by health authorities and appropriate interventions should be developed for improving perception and knowledge among masses, thereby promoting a healthier society.
Mapping global evidence on strategies and interventions in neurotrauma and road traffic collisions prevention: A scoping review
Authors: Selveindran Santhani M , Tango Tamara , Khan Muhammad Mukhtar , Simadibrata Daniel Martin , Hutchinson Peter JA , Brayne Carol , Hill Christine , Servadei Franco , Kolias Angelos G , Rubiano Andres M , Joannides Alexis J , Shabani Hamisi K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Neurotrauma is an important global health problem. The largest cause of neurotrauma worldwide is road traffic collisions (RTCs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Neurotrauma and RTCs are preventable, and many preventative interventions have been implemented over the last decades, especially in high income countries (HICs). However, it is uncertain if these strategies are applicable globally due to variations in environment, resources, population, culture and infrastructure. Given this issue, this scoping review aims to identify, quantify and describe the evidence on approaches in neurotrauma and RTCs prevention, and ascertain contextual factors that influence their implementation in LMICs and HICs.Methods A systematic search was conducted using five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health EBSCO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), grey literature databases, government and non-government websites, as well as bibliographic and citation searching of selected articles. The extracted data were presented using figures, tables, and accompanying narrative summaries. The results of this review were reported using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).Results A total of 411 publications met the inclusion criteria, including 349 primary studies and 62 reviews. More than 80 percent of the primary studies were from HICs, and described all levels of neurotrauma prevention. Only 65 papers came from LMICs, which mostly described primary prevention, focussing on road safety. For the reviews, 41 papers (66.1%) reviewed primary, 18 tertiary (29.1%), and three secondary preventative approaches. Most of the primary papers in the reviews came from HICs (67.7%) with 5 reviews on only LMIC papers. Fifteen reviews (24.1%) included papers from both HICs and LMICs. Intervention settings ranged from nation-wide to community-based, but were not reported in 44 papers (10.8%), most of which were reviews. Contextual factors were described in 62 papers, and varied depending on the interventions.Conclusions There is a large quantity of global evidence on strategies and interventions for neurotrauma and RTCs prevention. However, less papers were from LMICs, especially on secondary and tertiary prevention. More primary research needs to be done in these countries to determine what strategies and interventions exist, and the applicability of HIC interventions in LMICs.
Pre-hospital CPR and early REBOA in trauma patients - Results from the ABOTrauma Registry.
Authors: Hilbert-Carius Peter , McGreevy David T , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. , Hörer Tal M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Severely injured trauma patients suffering from traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) and requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rarely survive. The role of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) performed early after hospital admission in patients with TCA is not well-defined. As the use of REBOA increases, there is great interest in knowing if there is a survival benefit related to the early use of REBOA after TCA. Using data from the ABOTrauma Registry, we aimed to study the role of REBOA used early after hospital admission in trauma patients who required pre-hospital CPR. Methods: Retrospective and prospective data on the use of REBOA were collected from the ABOTrauma Registry from 11 centers in seven countries globally between 2014 and 2019. In all patients with pre-hospital TCA, the predicted probability of survival, calculated with the Revised Injury Severity Classification II (RISC II), was compared with the observed survival rate. Results: Of 213 patients in the ABOTrauma Registry, 26 patients (12.2%) who had received pre-hospital CPR were identified. The median (range) Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 45.5 (25-75). Fourteen patients (54%) had been admitted to hospital with ongoing CPR. Nine patients (35%) died within the first 24 hours, while seventeen patients (65%) survived post 24 hours. The survival rate to hospital discharge was 27% (n=7). The predicted mortality using the RISC II was 0.977 (25 out of 26). The observed mortality (19 out of 26) was significantly lower than the predicted mortality (p=0.049). Patients not responding to REBOA were more likely to die. Only one (10%) out of 10 non-responders survived. Survival rate in the 16 patients responding to REBOA was 37.5% (n=6). REBOA with a median (range) duration of 45 (8-70) minutes significantly increases blood pressure from median (range) 56.5 (0-147) to 90 (0-200) mmHg. Conclusions: Mortality in patients suffering from TCA and receiving REBOA early after hospital admission is significantly lower than predicted by the RISC II. REBOA may improve survival after TCA. The use of REBOA in these patients should be further investigated. Keywords: REBOA, Cardiac Arrest, Trauma, CPR, Endovascular Resuscitation.
In-depth immune cellular profiling reveals sex-specific associations with frailty
Authors: Samson Leonard Daniël , Boots A. Mieke H. , Ferreira José A. , Picavet H. Susan J. , de Rond Lia G. H. , de Zeeuw-Brouwer Mary-lène , Verschuren W. M. Monique , Buisman Anne-Marie , Engelfriet Peter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: With advancing age, the composition of leukocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood is known to change, but how this change differs between men and women and how it relates to frailty is poorly understood. Thus, our aim in this exploratory study was to investigate whether frailty is associated with changes in immune cell subpopulations and whether associations differed between men and women. Therefore, we performed in-depth immune cell phenotyping by enumerating subsets of T cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, and neutrophils in peripheral blood of 289 elderly people between 60-87 years of age. Associations between frailty and each immune cell subpopulation were tested separately in men and women and were adjusted for age and CMV serostatus. In addition, a random forest algorithm was used to predict a participant’s frailty score based on enumeration of immune cell subpopulations. Results: Frailty was observed to be associated with numerical increases in neutrophils in men and in women. Furthermore, sex-specific associations were found with frailer men, but not women, showing higher numbers of non-classical monocytes and transitional B cells. In addition, frailer women, but not men, showed higher numbers of classical monocytes and lower numbers of NK-T cells. Interestingly, we did not detect an association between frailty and late differentiated memory T-cell subsets. Although the accuracy of the predictions of frailty from information on the immune subpopulations was low (10.7% explained variance in men and 10.5% in women), the prediction model confirmed our findings in the association study. Conclusions: We here report on observed associations of frailty with elevated neutrophil numbers, but not with late stage memory T cell subsets. Furthermore, in-depth immune cellular profiling revealed sex specific associations of frailty with several immune subpopulations. We hope that our study will prompt further investigation into the immune mechanisms associated with the development of frailty in men and women.
Proteomic analysis of human synovial fluid reveals potential diagnostic biomarkers for ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Jung Jae Hun , Kim Jeesoo , Baek Won-Ki , Rhee Jinseol , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kim Sang-Hyon , Kim Kwang Pyo , Kim Jong-Seo , Son Chang-Nam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting the axial skeleton and peripheral joints. The etiology of this disease remains poorly understood, but interactions between genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. The present study identified differentially expressed proteins in the synovial fluid (SF) of AS patients to elucidate the underlying cause of AS. Methods A cohort of 40 SF samples from 10 AS and 10 each of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout, and osteoarthritis (OA) patients were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins specific to AS. The label-free LC-MS/MS results were verified by western blotting. Results We identified 8 proteins that were >1.5-fold upregulated in the SF of AS patients compared to that of the disease control groups, including HP, MMP1, MMP3, serum amyloid P-component (APCS), complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5), mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2), complement component C9 (C9), and complement C4-A (C4A). CFHR5 and C9 were previously found in serum from AS patients, while APCS was previously found in SF as well as in serum. However, the present study has identified C4A, and MBL2 as potential AS biomarkers for the first time. The expression levels of MMP3, C9, and CFHR5 were verified in AS SF using western blotting. Conclusion We performed quantitative comparative proteomic analysis using by LC-MS/MS of the SF from four disease states: RA, gout, and OA. This systematic comparison revealed novel differentially expressed proteins in AS SF, as well as two previously reported candidate biomarkers. We further verified the expression of MMP3, C9 and CFHR5 by western blot. These proteins may serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in patients with AS, and may thus improve the clinical outcomes of this serious disease.
Characterizing the dynamic and functional DNA methylation landscape in the developing human cortex
Authors: Mandell Kira Perzel , Price Amanda , Wilton Richard , Collado-Torres Leonardo , Tao Ran , Eagles Nicholas , Szalay Alexander , Hyde Thomas , Weinberger Daniel , Kleinman Joel , Jaffe Andrew 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: DNA methylation (DNAm) is a key epigenetic regulator of gene expression across development. The developing prenatal brain is a highly dynamic tissue, but our understanding of key drivers of epigenetic variability across development is limited. Results: We therefore assessed genomic methylation at over 39 million sites in the prenatal cortex using whole genome bisulfite sequencing and found loci and regions in which methylation levels are dynamic across development. We saw that DNAm at these loci was associated with nearby gene expression and enriched for enhancer chromatin states in prenatal brain tissue. Additionally, these loci were enriched for genes associated with psychiatric disorders and genes involved with neurogenesis. We also found autosomal differences in DNAm between the sexes during prenatal development, though these have less clear functional consequences. We lastly confirmed that the dynamic methylation at this critical period is specifically CpG methylation, with very low levels of CpH methylation. Conclusion: Our findings provide detailed insight into prenatal brain development as well as clues to the pathogenesis of psychiatric traits seen later in life.
Mobile Emergency Care Service For Pregnant Adolescents: A Population-Based Study
Authors: de Freitas Cijara Leonice , EleutérioJr. José , Gonçalves Ana K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background MECS (Mobile Emergency Care Services) are used worldwide as an effective means to increase the chances of good prognosis in emergency cases, working with anything from trauma cases to unusual risk situations; they enablea reduction in mortality ratesand length of hospital stay. This study aimed to investigate obstetric occurrences in adolescents performed by MECS. Methods This is a population-based study with 352 adolescent pregnant women (10 - 19 years old) treated by the public emergency mobile care system in a medium-sized city, Brazil. Descriptive analysis was performed using measurements of central tendency and dispersion of the numerical variables and the categorical variables, and using these measurements the frequency of occurrences was verified. Additionally, a two-stage cluster analysis was performed to identify divisions in the starting group based on the obstetric characteristics of pregnant women. Results The prevalence of occurrences with adolescents was 28%, corresponding to 352 of the 1258 pregnant women. Among the services provided to pregnant women, the average age of the patients was 17 yearsold (± 1.53). The cluster analysis identified a segmentation of the sample divided into two groups, the first consisting of adolescents with gestational age (GA) over 36 weeks and presenting as main complaints: childbirth, inter-hospital transfer and hypertensive syndromes; and the second composed of patients with less than 36 weeks of GA who complained of hemorrhagic syndromes, premature birth and lower abdominal pain. Conclusion MECS enable adequate and prompt care, which can reduce the consequences of complications for adolescent pregnant women and their babies, reducing mortality rates in developing countries.
A Novel Rind Puncture Technique to Measure Rind Thickness and Diameter in Plant Stalks
Authors: Seegmiller Will H , Graves Jadzia , Robertson Daniel J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Measurements of rind / culm thickness and stem radius / diameter are important to biomechanical, ecological and physiological plant studies. However, many methods of measuring rind thickness and diameter are labor intensive and induce plant fatality. A novel rind puncture methodology for obtaining measurements of rind thickness and diameter has been developed. The suitability of the new method for implementation in plant studies is presented. Results The novel rind puncture technique was used to obtain measurements of rind thickness and diameter for samples of Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). The rind puncture measurements were strongly correlated with caliper measurements (R 2 > 0.97) and photographic image analysis measurements (R 2 > 0.84). The capacity for high throughput measurements using the rind puncture technique was determined to exceed that of caliper measurements and image analysis techniques. Conclusions The rind puncture technique shows promise as a high throughput method for determining rind thickness and diameter as it is cost effective and non-lethal. The authors are currently working to develop a custom handheld apparatus to allow the novel rind puncture method to be used in field work.
A rapid and simple method for routine determination of antibiotic sensitivity to biofilm populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wannigama Dhammika Leshan , Hurst Cameron , Hongsing Parichart , Pearson Lachlan , Saethang Thammakorn , Chantaravisoot Naphat , Singkham-in Uthaibhorn , Luk-in Sirirat , Storer Robin James , Chatsuwan Tanittha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Treatment of infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa forming biofilms after antimicrobial testing on planktonic bacteria can result in substantial failure. Therefore, we offer a robust and simple experimental platform to test the impact of antimicrobials on biofilms. Antibiotic response patterns varied uniquely within biofilm formation capacity and minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) has a significantly better discriminatory power than minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to differentiate the overall efficiency of antibiotics to eradicate biofilm. Our resazurin-based 96-well-plate platform is able to emulate bacterial responses to antibiotics under biofilm conditions in a fast, simple, and cost-effective screening method adaptable to automation, and warrants trials in the clinic.
A comparison of the Indian Diet with the EAT-Lancet Reference Diet
Authors: Sharma Manika , Kishore Avinash , Roy Devesh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The 2019 EAT-Lancet Commission report recommends healthy diets that can feed 10 billion people by 2050 from environmentally sustainable food systems. This study compares food consumption patterns in India, from different income groups and regions and sectors(rural/urban), with the EAT-Lancet reference diet and highlights the deviations.Methods The analysis was done using data from consumption expenditure survey of a nationally representative sample of 0.102 million households from 7469 villages and 5268 urban blocks of India by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) in 2011-12. This is the most recent nationally representative data on household consumption in India. Calorie intake (kcal/capita/day) of food groups was calculated using quantity of consumption and nutritional values of food items from the NSSO report. Diet across rural and urban, poor and rich households across different regions were compared with EAT-Lancet reference diet.Results Average daily calorie consumption in India is below the recommended 2503 kcal/capita/day across all groups compared, except for the richest 5% of the population. Calorie share of whole grains is significantly higher than the EAT-Lancet recommendations while those of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and meat, fish & eggs are significantly lower. The share of calories from protein sources is only 6-8% in India compared to 29% in the reference diet. The imbalance is highest for the households in the lowest decile of consumption expenditure, but even the richest households in India do not consume adequate amounts of fruits, vegetables and non-cereal proteins in their diets. An average Indian household consumes more calories from processed foods than fruits.Conclusions Indian diets, across states and income groups, are unhealthy. Indians also consume excessive cereals and not enough proteins, fruits and vegetables. Importantly, unlike many countries, excess consumption of animal protein is not a problem in India. Indian policy-makers need to accelerate food system wide efforts to make healthier and sustainable diets more affordable, accessible and acceptable.