bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer decisions with artificially intelligent voice assistants
Authors: Dellaert Benedict G. C. , Shu Suzanne B. , Arentze Theo A. , Baker Tom , Diehl Kristin , Donkers Bas , Fast Nathanael J. , Häubl Gerald , Johnson Heidi , Karmarkar Uma R. , Oppewal Harmen , Schmitt Bernd H. , Schroeder Juliana , Spiller Stephen A. , Steffel Mary 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConsumers are widely adopting Artificially Intelligent Voice Assistants (AIVAs). AIVAs now handle many different everyday tasks and are also increasingly assisting consumers with purchasing decisions, making AIVAs a rich topic for marketing researchers. We develop a series of propositions regarding how consumer decision-making processes may change when moved from traditional online purchase environments to AI-powered voice-based dialogs, in the hopes of encouraging further academic thinking and research in this rapidly developing, high impact area of consumer-firm interaction. We also provide suggestions for marketing managers and policymakers on points to pay attention to when they respond to the proposed effects of AIVAs on consumer decisions.
Magnesium isotope fractionation reflects plant response to magnesium deficiency in magnesium uptake and allocation: a greenhouse study with wheat
Authors: Wang Yi , Wu Bei , Berns Anne E. , Xing Ying , Kuhn Arnd J. , Amelung Wulf 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aims
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is detrimental to plant growth. However, how plants respond to Mg deficiency via regulation of Mg uptake and allocation is yet not fully understood. In this study, we tested whether Mg isotope compositions (δ26Mg) associated with Mg mass balance of the plants could be used as an indicator to trace Mg uptake and subsequent translocation processes under sufficient and low-Mg supply conditions. We aimed at using stable isotope fractionation as a novel proxy for nutrient uptake and cycling in plants.

Methods
We grew wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) in a greenhouse under control (1 mM Mg) and low-Mg supply (0.05 mM Mg) conditions, respectively. The Mg concentrations and isotope compositions in roots, stems, leaves and spikes/grains at different growth stages were analyzed.

Results
Wheat plants were systematically enriched in heavy Mg isotopes relative to the nutrient solution regardless of Mg supply conditions. With crop growth, the δ26Mg of the whole plants, as well as each plant organ, gradually shifted towards higher values in the control. However, the δ26Mg value of the whole plants in the low-Mg supply did not vary significantly. In addition, the wheat stems and spikes showed continuous enrichment of lighter Mg isotopes in the low-Mg supply than those in the control.

Conclusions
As reflected from Mg isotope compositions, the Mg supply in the growth media could affect the Mg uptake and subsequent translocation processes in plants. Changes in δ26Mg indicated that wheat plants likely regulated their Mg uptake strategy by switching between active and passive pathways during their life cycle. When Mg supply was low, a more negative δ26Mg value of the spikes suggested a potentially enhanced remobilization of Mg from leaves to spikes. Our results showed that Mg stable isotopes can provide new insights into plants’ response to nutrient shortage.
Eco-functionality of organic matter in soils
Authors: Hoffland Ellis , Kuyper Thomas W. , Comans Rob N. J. , Creamer Rachel E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSoil organic matter (SOM) supports multiple soil ecosystem functions, underpinned by processes such as C sequestration, N mineralization, aggregation, promotion of plant health and compound retention. We know little about the relationship between these functions and SOM quality.ScopeWe aimed to develop “eco-functionality” as a framework to address questions on the relation between SOM properties and soil ecosystem functions.ConclusionsParadigm shifts in SOM research have not led to metrics for eco-functionality beyond decomposability and C:N ratio. Recalcitrant OM is under-researched despite its essential role in aggregation and C sequestration, especially in C-saturated soils. Most soil functions are dependent on SOM decomposition and require labile compounds. We conclude that eco-functionality is context-dependent and needs to take time scales into account. We plea for attempts to link operationally defined SOM fractions to functions in order to make SOM research more applicable.
The development of delinquency during adolescence: a comparison of missing data techniques revisited
Authors: Kleinke Kristian , Reinecke Jost , Weins Cornelia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConclusions about the individual development of delinquent behaviours during the life-course are often made by repeatedly interviewing the same respondents (i.e. panel data). Missing data, especially unit nonresponse and panel attrition are often a problem for the analysis of panel data, as they pose a threat to the validity of statistical inferences. Multiple imputation (MI) is a standard state-of-the-art technique to address these problems. However, until very recently, MI methods to impute highly skewed, zero-inflated and repeatedly measured count data such as the count of delinquent behaviours per year, were not available. Solutions that were often applied included data transformations and rounding, so that available MI methods, usually based on the multivariate normal model, could be applied. This approach has also been used by Reinecke and Weins (Qual Quant 47(6):3319–3334, 2013), who analysed delinquency data from an adolescents’ four-wave panel. Recent missing data research, however, suggests that these “normalizing” practices could be problematic and that imputation models with implausible distributional assumptions should generally be avoided when the empirical data depart too heavily from these assumptions. In the present paper, we re-analyse the data from Reinecke and Weins (2013) using MI models, where parametric assumptions of the imputation model are compatible to the subsequent analysis model (a growth curve model for zero-inflated count data). Results show that the chance of reporting zero punishable offences decreases over time, with a turning point at around the age of 15. Likewise, the versatility of delinquent behaviours increases early on in adolescence, and decreases later (reflecting the typical age-crime curve). Boys and students from the bottom-level branch of the German educational system exhibit a higher versatility in delinquent activity. A comparison of present results with the original ones from Reinecke and Weins (2013) corroborates recommendations e.g. by Yu et al. (Stat Methods Med Res 16(3):243–258, 2007) to opt for missing data methods with fitting distributional assumptions.
Using ontologies to map between research data and policymakers’ presumptions: the experience of the KNOWMAK project
Authors: Maynard Diana , Lepori Benedetto , Petrak Johann , Song Xingyi , Laredo Philippe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding knowledge co-creation in key emerging areas of European research is critical for policy makers wishing to analyze impact and make strategic decisions. However, purely data-driven methods for characterising policy topics have limitations relating to the broad nature of such topics and the differences in language and topic structure between the political language and scientific and technological outputs. In this paper, we discuss the use of ontologies and semantic technologies as a means to bridge the linguistic and conceptual gap between policy questions and data sources for characterising European knowledge production. Our experience suggests that the integration between advanced techniques for language processing and expert assessment at critical junctures in the process is key for the success of this endeavour.
An analysis of the disagreement about added value by regional climate models
Authors: Lloyd Elisabeth A. , Bukovsky Melissa , Mearns Linda O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper we consider some questions surrounding whether or not regional climate models “add value,” a controversial issue in climate science today. We highlight some objections frequently made about regional climate models both within and outside the community of modelers, including several claims that regional climate models do not “add value.” We show that there are a number of issues involved in the latter claims, the primary ones centering on the fact that different research questions are being pursued by the modelers making the complaints against regional climate models. Further issues focus on historical deficiencies of particular—but not generalizable—failures of individual regional models. We provide tools to sort out these different research questions and particular failures, and to improve communication and understanding surrounding added value in climate modeling and philosophy of climate science.
Evaluation of the Possibility to Obtain Nanostructured Bainite in High-Carbon and High-Silicon 9XC Bearing Steel
Authors: Baran Dominika , Królicka Aleksandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this research is the evaluation of the possibility of obtaining a nanostructured bainite after isothermal heat treatment of 9XC (according to GOST standard) bearing steel. It was found that the annealing at low temperature (250 °C) allows to obtain the microstructure of nanobainite consisting of nanometric-scale bainitic ferrite laths and austenite with a dominant film-like morphology. In the case of higher isothermal treatment temperature (300 °C), a microstructure was slightly coarser and the proportion of austenite with blocky morphology increased. The identification of a highly refined microstructure was performed using TEM and SAED methods. Besides, isothermal annealing temperature significantly affects hardness. The hardness difference between annealing at 250 °C (630.0 ± 4.4 HV1) and 300° C (517.3 ± 1.1 HV1) was over 100 HV. Such a substantial decrease in hardness was caused by the fraction and morphology of the occurred phases. Due to the high silicon content in the tested steel (1.54%), the carbide precipitation was delayed, but locally the cementite precipitates were confirmed. Based on the research, it was found that the commercial 9XC steel is appropriate for nanostructurization in the low ranges of bainitic transformation. Designing of further heat treatment should be focused on the lowest possible temperature of isothermal annealing (even below 250 °C).
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Perception and Risk Indicators: a 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Vornanen Marleena , Konttinen Hanna , Peltonen Markku , Haukkala Ari 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Perceived disease risk may reflect actual risk indicators and/or motivation to change lifestyle. Yet, few longitudinal studies have assessed how perceived risk relates to risk indicators among different disease risk groups. We examined in a 5-year follow-up, whether perceived risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease predicted physical activity, body mass index (BMI kg/m2), and blood glucose level, or the reverse. We examined further whether perceived risk, self-efficacy, and outcome beliefs together predicted changes in these risk indicators.

Method
Participants were high diabetes risk participants (N = 432) and low/moderate-risk participants (N = 477) from the national FINRISK 2002 study who were followed up in 2007. Both study phases included questionnaires and health examinations with individual feedback letters. Data were analyzed using gender- and age-adjusted structural equation models.

Results
In cross-lagged autoregressive models, perceived risks were not found to predict 5-year changes in physical activity, BMI, or 2-h glucose. In contrast, higher BMI and 2-h glucose predicted 5-year increases in perceived risks (β-values 0.07–0.15, P-values < 0.001–0.138). These associations were similar among high- and low/moderate-risk samples. In further structural equation models, higher self-efficacy predicted increased physical activity among both samples (β-values 0.10–0.16, P-values 0.005–0.034). Higher outcome beliefs predicted lower BMI among the low/moderate-risk sample (β-values − 0.04 to − 0.05, P-values 0.008–0.011).

Conclusion
Perceived risk of chronic disease rather follows risk indicators than predicts long-term lifestyle changes. To promote sustained lifestyle changes, future intervention studies need to examine the best ways to combine risk feedback with efficient behavior change techniques.
Educational Reproduction in Germany: A Prospective Study Based on Retrospective Data
Authors: Skopek Jan , Leopold Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines educational reproduction of East and West German men and women born between 1930 and 1950. In a prospective design, we study the importance of mobility and fertility pathways of reproduction, considering not only the social reproduction of education as an attribute but also the demographic reproduction of individuals who carry this attribute. Using data from NEPS and SOEP, we introduce a method that estimates prospective models based on retrospective data commonly available in surveys. The analysis offers new estimates of the expected number of high- and low-educated children born to men and women of different levels of education. Findings show that the importance of the fertility pathway of educational reproduction was higher in West than in East Germany, higher for women than for men, and higher for earlier than for later cohorts. For West German women of earlier cohorts, the fertility pathway tempered educational reproduction among the high-educated and reinforced it among the low-educated. Population renewal models show that differential fertility slightly lowered educational attainment and slightly increased inequality in educational attainment in the offspring generation. Across cohorts, the fertility pathway declined in importance, a result of fertility convergence between education groups and educational expansion in postwar Germany. We conclude that prospective designs advance our understanding of educational reproduction. The method that we introduce substantially reduces the data requirements of prospective analysis, facilitating future prospective research on social stratification.
Tree potential growth varies more than competition among spontaneously established forest stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur)
Authors: Lamonica Dominique , Pagel Joern , Valdés-Correcher Elena , Bert Didier , Hampe Arndt , Schurr Frank M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Key message
Analyses of dendrochronological data from 15 recently established tablished stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) revealed that functions describing potential tree growth in the absence of neighbours varied more between stands than functions describing competitive effects of conspecific neighbours. This suggests that competition functions can more easily be transferred among stands than potential growth functions.

Context
The variability inherent in the natural establishment of tree stands raises the question whether one can find general models for potential growth and competition that hold across stands.

Aims
We investigated variation in potential growth and competition among recently established stands of Q. robur and tested whether this variation depends on stand structure. We also tested whether competition is symmetric or asymmetric and whether it is density-dependent or size-dependent. Lastly, we examined whether between-year growth variation is synchronous among stands.

Methods
Potential growth, competition and between-year growth variation were quantified with statistical neighbourhood models. Model parameters were estimated separately for each stand using exhaustive mapping and dendrochronology data.

Results
Competition was best described with an asymmetric size-dependent model. Functions describing potential growth varied more among forest stands than competition functions. Parameters determining these functions could not be explained by stand structure. Moreover, annual growth rates showed only moderate synchrony across stands.

Conclusion
The substantial between-stand variability in potential growth needs to be considered when assessing the functioning, ecosystem services and management of recently established Q. robur stands. In contrast, the relative constancy of competition functions should facilitate their extrapolation across stands.
You can have both: Coaching to promote clinical competency and professional identity formation
Authors: Parsons Andrew S. , Kon Rachel H. , Plews-Ogan Margaret , Gusic Maryellen E. 
Published: August 2020

Coaching is a critical tool to guide student development of clinical competency and formation of professional identity in medicine, two inextricably linked concepts. Because progress toward clinical competence is linked to thinking, acting and feeling like a physician, a coach’s knowledge about a learner’s development of clinical skills is essential to promoting the learner’s professional identity formation. A longitudinal coaching program provides a foundation for the formation of coach-learner relationships built on trust. Trusting relationships can moderate the risk and vulnerability inherent in a hierarchical medical education system and allow coaching conversations to focus on the promotion of self-regulated learning and fostering skills for life-long learning. Herein, we describe a comprehensive, longitudinal clinical coaching program for medical students designed to support learners’ professional identify formation and effectively promote their emerging competence.
Serum Decorin, Biglycan, and Extracellular Matrix Component Expression in Preterm Birth
Authors: Mennella Jenna M. , Underhill Lori A. , Collis Sophia , Lambert-Messerlian Geralyn M. , Tucker Richard , Lechner Beatrice E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPreterm birth is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Decorin and biglycan are proteoglycans that play key roles in maintaining the connective tissue matrix and tensile strength of human fetal membranes and have been previously linked to PPROM. Extracellular matrix proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2), and collagen VI (COL-6), have also been linked to PPROM and may have utility in a serum-based screening model for this condition. To define the natural course of serum decorin and biglycan expression throughout the duration of healthy pregnancy, to explore patterns of serum decorin and biglycan expression in serum of asymptomatic women who go on to develop spontaneous preterm labor, and to investigate the potential role for matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors, and collagen VI in a serum-based screening model to predict PPROM. Serum decorin level decreases less than 1% per week, and serum biglycan decreases by 2.9% per week over the duration of healthy pregnancy. Serum decorin and biglycan concentrations do not differ in spontaneous preterm labor cases compared with those in controls. Mean concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and COL-6 do not differ in PPROM cases compared with those in controls. We have demonstrated that serum decorin and biglycan concentrations remain stable throughout the duration of normal pregnancy and are not early indicators of preterm labor, while common MMPs, TIMPs, and collagen VI are not early indicators of PPROM.
Immunohistochemical Markers in the Diagnosis of Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuraxis
Authors: Yang Kaiyun , Reddy Kesava , Wang Bill H. , Cenic Aleksa , Provias John , Popovic Snezana , Yong William H. , Berthelet France , Bojanowski Michel W. , Hammond Robert , Lu Jian-Qiang 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) is a rare tumor-like lesion with unknown pathogenesis. It is likely under-reported due to diagnostic challenges including the nonspecific radiographic features, lack of diagnostic markers, and often asymptomatic nature of the lesions.Methods:We performed detailed examination of 11 CAPNON specimens diagnosed by histopathology, with the help of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.Results:Electron microscopy revealed the presence of fibrillary materials consistent with neurofilaments. In addition to some entrapped axons at the periphery of CAPNONs, we discovered that all specimens stained positive for neurofilament-light (NF-L) within the granular amorphous cores, but not neurofilament-phosphorylated (NF-p). CAPNONs also showed variable infiltration of CD8+ T-cells and a decreased ratio of CD4/CD8+ T-cells, suggesting an immune-mediated process in the pathogenesis of CAPNON.Conclusion:NF-L and CD4/CD8 immunostains may serve as diagnostic markers for CAPNON and shed light on its pathogenesis.
The ABCs of Electoral Reform: The Impact of Reading Levels on Knowledge, Interest and Opinion
Authors: Garnett Holly Ann , Blais André 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow should citizens be educated about complicated political issues like electoral reform? Are there basic principles that should be followed? This article tests one potential principle for government bodies, the media and educators to follow when conducting information campaigns: namely, lowering the reading level of information. Educators have long argued that texts can be confusing when written at a literacy level higher than the reader is able to digest. This article tests the impact of reading level on knowledge, interest and opinion on an electoral reform proposal. It employs an experimental design, conducted in person in fall 2018 with college students in Ontario, Canada. The experiment asked the students to read a text on a single transferable vote (STV) electoral system at one of three reading levels (or a control text) and then answer a series of questions gauging their knowledge, interest and opinion on the electoral reform proposal. The results provide an assessment of the impact of different levels of information on these factors and suggest concrete recommendations for election management bodies (EMBs) and other actors seeking to educate the public on complex political issues.
Comparison of gustatory function between mucosal and squamous disease: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Anant A , Lal P , Pradhan P 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the gustatory function between patients with chronic mucosal and squamous diseases before and after the surgery.MethodA total of 33 patients with mucosal diseases and 34 patients with squamous diseases were evaluated for gustatory function both in the pre-operative and post-operative periods. The taste scores were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe gustatory scores in the mucosal disease group were significantly better than the scores in the squamous disease group (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation detected between the age of the patients or duration of the disease with the taste scores in any of the study groups.ConclusionThe improvement in gustatory score was better in the chronic mucosal disease group than the squamous disease group. There was no significant correlation found between the age of the patients or duration of disease and the taste score in any of the study groups.