bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the position of the hyoid bone in skeletal Class II children post-functional Activator therapy
Authors: Medina Cynthia Concepcion , Ueda Hiroshi , Kunimatsu Ryo , Tanimoto Kotaro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe hyoid bone is deeply involved in three important body functions: deglutition, phonation and respiration. Several studies have shown that changes in the position of the hyoid bone may influence in pharyngeal size with mandibular advancement, thus a forward positioned hyoid bone may be an indicator of wide upper airways.ObjectiveTo determine the changes in the position of the hyoid bone after functional appliance treatment.Subjects and methods20 children (aged 9-13) that currently visit Hiroshima University Hospital actively undergoing FKO activator therapy volunteered for this study. Several lateral cephalometric radiographs were indicated and traced to assess hyoid bone position changes that might have occurred when actively complying with the FKO therapy, said radiographs were procured before active functional treatment (T0), during it (T1), and a year after continuous use of this appliance (T2). ANOVA tests were done to find statistical significance.ResultsThe results of these tests were analyzed and compared; it was found that, the hyoid bone is at a lower position from the mandibular plane and Frankfurt horizontal plane after FKO treatment, also the mandible is more forward after activator therapy, bringing the hyoid bone forward with it thus widening the lowest section of the upper airways.ConclusionThe FKO not only induces the proper development of the mandible, it also potentially advances the position of the hyoid bone, thus affecting positively in the opening of airways providing an improvement in the children’s breathing functions.Authors report no conflict of interest.FundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Conflicts of interest/Competing intereststhe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.Ethics approvalThis research has been approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Hiroshima University (No. E – 56).Consent to participateAll subjects needed to have provided informed consent from the parent or guardian prior all evaluations. This study has followed the guidelines stated in the Helsinki Declaration for clinical investigations.Consent for publicationAll subjects have provided informed consent from the parent or guardian to allow publication of acquired data.
Predicted Infection Risk for Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kriegel Martin , Buchholz Udo , Gastmeier Petra , Bischoff Peter , Abdelgawad Inas , Hartmann Anne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCurrently, the respiratory route is seen as the most important transmission path for SARS-CoV-2. In this investigation, models of other researchers which had the aim of predicting an infection risk for exposed persons in a room through aerosols emitted by an infectious case-patient were extended. As a novelty – usually neglected – parameters or boundary conditions, namely the non-stationarity of aerosols and the half-life of the aerosolized virus, were included and a new method for determining the quanta emission rate based on measurements of the particle emission rate and respiratory rate at different types of activities was implemented.As a second step, the model was applied to twelve outbreaks to compare the predicted infection risk with the observed attack rate. To estimate a “credible interval” of the predicted infection risk, the quanta emission rate, the respiratory rate as well as the air volume flow were varied.In nine out of twelve outbreaks, the calculated predicted infection risk via aerosols was found to be in the range of the attack rate (with the variation of the boundary conditions) and reasons for the observed larger divergence were discussed.The validation was considered successful and therefore the use of the model could be recommended to predict the risk of an infection via aerosols in given situations. Furthermore, appropriate preventive measures can be designed.
Does sensory modulation dysfunction contribute to emotional dysregulation in children with ADHD?: Analysis plan
Authors: Bruton Alisha , Senders Angela , Leung Brenda , Hatsu Irene , Arnold L. Eugene , Johnstone Jeanette 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. Up to 50% of children with ADHD may also experience symptoms of emotional dysregulation, such as anger, irritability, and aggression. Emotional dysregulation contributes to adverse health outcomes such as depression and peer problems, yet it is poorly understood, and effective treatment options are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that sensory processing may play a role in emotional dysregulation. Forty to 50% of children with ADHD may also experience sensory modulation dysfunction, or SMD. SMD is characterized by hypo- or hyperreactivity to pain and sensation. Only one study investigated the relationship of SMD and emotional dysregulation in ADHD; they found a correlation of r=0.45. If SMD drives emotional dysregulation in ADHD, treating SMD has the potential to improve emotional regulation. Further evaluating the relationship between SMD and emotional dysregulation in ADHD is the crucial first step in developing effective treatment options.MethodsData for this analysis are derived from the baseline assessment of a multi-site, randomized, controlled trial: The Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) Study. The study enrolled children aged 6-12 with a diagnosis of ADHD and symptoms of emotional dysregulation. Using a cross-sectional study design, we will measure the association between emotional dysregulation and SMD at baseline. Emotional dysregulation was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and a composite score from the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory, Version-5 (CASI-5). SMD will be assessed using two subscales from the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ). To test our hypothesis, we will use simple linear regression. Models will be adjusted for potential confounding variables.ConclusionOur results will serve to better characterize the relationship between SMD and emotional dysregulation in children with ADHD, which may inform treatment options and diminish adverse health outcomes.
Optical Tweezer Stretching of Miniature Coarse-Grained Red Blood Cells
Authors: Appshaw P. , Seddon A. M. , Hanna S. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDue to the high computational cost of full-cell coarse-grained molecular dynamics modelling, being able to simulate “miniature” cells that effectively represent their full-sized counterparts would be highly advantageous. To accurately represent the morphological and elastic properties of a human red blood cellin silico, such a model is employed utilising the molecular dynamics package LAMMPS. The scale invariance of the model is first tested qualitatively by following the shape evolution of red blood cells of various diameters, then quantitatively by evaluating the membrane shear modulus from simulations of optical tweezer-style stretching. Cells of physical diameter of at least 0.5µm were able to form the characteristic biconcave shape of human red blood cells, though smaller cells instead equilibrated to bowl-shaped stomatocytes. A positive correlation was found between the cell size and both magnitude of deformation from optical tweezer stretching and scaled shear modulus, indicating a lack of scale invariance in the models elastic response. However, the stable morphology and measured shear modulus of the 0.5 − 1.0µm diameter cells are deemed close enough to pastin vitrostudies on human red blood cells for them to still offer valuable use in making simplified predictions of whole-cell mechanics.SIGNIFICANCEThe study tests the invariance of a coarse-grained molecular dynamics red blood cell (RBC) model to system scale, asking whether it is qualitatively and quantitatively viable to perform whole-cell simulations in “miniature”. Simulating cells at a reduced scale greatly improves computational speed, making possible computational experiments that would otherwise be too computationally demanding. This facilitates the simulation of larger systems, both in number of whole-cells, and cells of greater structural complexity than the RBC. More generally, the accurate and efficient modelling of biological cells allows computational experimentation of real-world systems that would be very challenging or impossible to performin vitro. Therefore, miniature-cell modelling could help both direct development in whole-cell modelling, and also developments in more widespread bio-physical studies.
Single-dose intranasal administration of AdCOVID elicits systemic and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice
Authors: King Rodney G , Silva-Sanchez Aaron , Peel Jessica N. , Botta Davide , Meza-Perez Selene , Allie S. Rameeza , Schultz Michael D. , Liu Mingyong , Bradley John E. , Qiu Shihong , Yang Guang , Zhou Fen , Zumaquero Esther , Simpler Thomas S. , Mousseau Betty , Killian John T. , Dean Brittany , Shang Qiao , Tipper Jennifer L. , Risley Christopher , Harrod Kevin S. , Feng Ray , Lee Young , Shiberu Bethlehem , Krishnan Vyjayanthi , Peguillet Isabelle , Zhang Jianfeng , Green J. Todd , Randall Troy D. , Georges Bertrand , Lund Frances E. , Roberts Scot 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for effective preventive vaccination to reduce burden and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans. Intranasal vaccination is an attractive strategy to prevent COVID-19 as the nasal mucosa represents the first-line barrier to SARS-CoV-2 entry before viral spread to the lung. Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development is rapidly progressing, the current intramuscular vaccines are designed to elicit systemic immunity without conferring mucosal immunity. Here, we show that AdCOVID, an intranasal adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-vectored vaccine encoding the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, elicits a strong and focused immune response against RBD through the induction of mucosal IgA, serum neutralizing antibodies and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with a Th1-like cytokine expression profile. Therefore, AdCOVID, which promotes concomitant systemic and local mucosal immunity, represents a promising COVID-19 vaccine candidate.
Summer School Holidays and the Growth Rate in Sars-CoV-2 Infections Across German Districts
Authors: Plümper Thomas , Neumayer Eric 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo estimate the effect that summer school holidays had on the growth rate in Sars-CoV-2 infections across German districts. The Robert-Koch-Institute reports that during the summer holiday period a foreign country is stated as the most likely place of infection for an average of 27 and a maximum of 49 percent of new Sars-CoV-2 infections in Germany. Yet, infection may have taken place elsewhere, not all international travel is holiday-related and any impact of holiday-related travel will not be restricted to holidays abroad.DesignCross-sectional study on observational data. In Germany, summer school holidays are coordinated between states and spread out over 13 weeks. We analyse the association between these holidays and the weekly infection growth rate in SARS-CoV-2 infections across 401 German districts. Employing a dynamic model with district fixed effects, we test whether the holiday season results in a statistically significantly higher infection growth rate than the period of two weeks before holidays start, our presumed counterfactual.ResultsWe find effects of the holiday period equal in size to almost 50 percent of the average district growth rate in new infections in Germany during their respective final week of holidays and the two weeks after holidays end. States in the West of Germany tend to experience stronger effects than those in the East. This is consistent with another result, namely that we find statistically significant interaction effects of school holidays with per capita taxable income and the share of foreign residents in a district’s population, with both factors hypothesised to increase holiday-related travels.ConclusionsOur results suggest that changed behaviour during the holiday season accelerated the pandemic and made it considerably more difficult for public health authorities to contain the spread of the virus by means of contact tracing. Governments did not prepare adequately or timely for this acceleration.
Which electronic health record system should we use? – a systematic review
Authors: Al Ani Mohammed , Garas George , Hollingshead James , Cheetham Drostan , Athanasiou Thanos , Patel Vanash 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis is the first systematic review to look at all published data on EHRs to determine which systems are advantageous.DesignA systematic review was performed by searching EMBASE and Ovid MEDLINE between 1974 and November 2019.ParticipantsAll original studies that appraised EHR systems were included.Main outcome measuresEHR system comparison, implementation, user satisfaction, efficiency and performance, documentation, and research and development.ResultsThe search strategy identified 701 studies, which were filtered down to 46 relevant studies. Level of evidence ranged from 1 to 4 according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. The majority of the studies were performed in the USA (n = 44). N=6 studies compared more than one EHR, and Epic followed by Cerner were the most favourable through direct comparison. N=17 studies evaluated implementation which highlighted that it was challenging, and productivity dipped in the early phase. N=5 studies reflected on user satisfaction, with women demonstrating higher satisfaction than men. Efficiency and performance issues were the driving force behind user dissatisfaction. N=26 studies addressed efficiency and performance, which improved with long-term use and familiarity. N=18 studies considered documentation and showed that EHRs had a positive impact with basic and speciality tasks. N=29 studies assessed research and development which revealed vast capabilities and positive implications.ConclusionEpic is the most studied EHR system and the most commonly used vendor on the market. There is limited comparative data between EHR vendors, so it is difficult to assess which is the most advantageous system.
Structure Specific Neuro-toxicity of α-Synuclein Oligomer
Authors: Mondal Animesh , Dolui Sandip , Dhabal Sukhamoy , Bhattacharjee Ashish , Maiti Nakul C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is linked to α-synuclein (aS) aggregation and deposition of amyloid in the substantia nigra region of the brain tissues. Recent reports suggested that oligomeric assembly structure could be neurotoxic to neuronal cells. In the current investigation we produced two distinct classes of aS oligomers and link the protein conformation state and stability to neuronal cell toxicity. Natural oligomers (NO) enriched with alpha-helical folds are produced in storage of aS at below −20°C for 7 days. Induced oligomer (IO), often observed in the aggregation pathway of aS were made incubating the protein solution at 37°C. Natural oligomers remained stable and did not transform into β-sheet rich amyloid fiber and exhibited higher toxicity (80% cell death) compared to induced oligomers. Natural oligomers were ovular shape and the size ranged between 4-5.5 nm. It maintained significant number (∼ 60%) of residues in α-helical conformational space. However, initiation of hydrophobic zipping with beta sheet conformation was evidenced in induced oligomer (IO) and a lesser number residues (45%) remained with preference to α-helical secondary structure. Hydrophobic collapse leads the transformation of IO into thermodynamically most stable β-sheet rich amyloid fibril. Molten globule like secondary structure stabilized by H-bonding in natural oligomers caused enhanced stability and cellular toxicity compared to induced oligomer. Thus off-pathway/natural oligomers could be plausible reason of neuronal cell death and possible cause of Parkinson’s disease.
Medial prefrontal cortex has a causal role in selectively enhanced consolidation of emotional memories after a 24-hour delay: A TBS study
Authors: Yeh Nicholas , Payne Jessica D. , Kim Sara Y. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. , Koen Joshua D. , Rose Nathan S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious research points to an association between retrieval-related activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and preservation of emotional information compared to co-occurring neutral information following sleep. Although the role of the mPFC in emotional memory likely begins at encoding, little research has examined how mPFC activity during encoding interacts with consolidation processes to enhance emotional memory. This issue was addressed in the present study using transcranial magnetic stimulation in conjunction with an emotional memory paradigm. Healthy young adults encoded negative and neutral scenes while undergoing concurrent TMS with a modified short intermittent theta burst stimulation (sTBS) protocol. Participants received stimulation to either the mPFC or an active control site (motor cortex) during the encoding phase. Recognition memory for scene components (objects and backgrounds) was assessed after a short (30-minute) and a long delay (24-hour, including a night of sleep) to obtain measures of specific and gist-based memory processes. The results demonstrated that, relative to control stimulation, sTBS to the mPFC enhanced memory for negative objects on the long delay test (collapsed across specific and gist-based memory measures). mPFC stimulation had no discernable effect on memory for objects on the short delay test nor on the background images at either test. These results suggest that mPFC activity occurring during encoding interacts with consolidation processes to preferentially preserve negatively salient information.Significance StatementUnderstanding how emotional information is remembered over time is critical to understanding memory in the real world. The present study used noninvasive brain stimulation (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS) to investigate the interplay between mPFC activity that occurs during memory encoding and its subsequent interactions with consolidation processes. rTMS delivered to the mPFC during encoding enhanced memory for negatively valenced pictures on a test following a 24-hr delay, with no such effect on a test occurring shortly after the encoding phase. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that emotional aspects of memories are differentially subjected to consolidation processes, and that the mPFC might contribute to this “tag-and-capture” mechanism during the initial formation of such memories.
Numerical investigation of agglomeration phenomenon in fluidized beds by a combined CFD-DEM/PBM technique
Authors: Hasanpoor Saeed , Mansourpour Zahra , Mostoufi Navid 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to fundamentally develop a mathematical model for predicting the particle size distribution (PSD) in fluidized beds because their hydrodynamics depend on the PSD and its evolution during operation. To predict the gradual PSD change in a fluidized bed by using the population balance method (PBM), the kinetic parameter for agglomerate formation should be known and this parameter, in this work, is determined by the results of computational fluid dynamic–discrete element method (CFD-DEM) simulation.

Design/methodology/approach
Momentum and energy conservation equations and soft-sphere DEM are used to simulate the agglomeration phenomenon at high temperature in a two-dimensional air-polyethylene fluidized bed in bubbling regime. The Navier–Stokes equations for motion of gas are solved by the SIMPLE algorithm. Newton’s second law of motion is applied to describe the motion of individual particles. Collision between particles is detected by the no-binary search algorithm.

Findings
A correlation is proposed for estimating the kinetic parameter for agglomerate formation based on collision frequency, collision efficiency and inlet gas temperature. Based on the corrected kinetic parameter, the PBM is able to predict the PSD evolution in the fluidized bed in a fairly good agreement with the results of the CFD-DEM.

Research limitations/implications
The results of the agglomeration process cannot be compared quantitatively with experimental results. Because three-dimensional fluidized bed mostly contains millions of particles and simulating them takes a long computing time in DEM. As far as temperature is a dominant parameter in the agglomeration process, effects of inlet gas temperature are examined on the kinetic parameter. On the other hand, wider and deeper insights in which the effect of other parameters, such as velocity and so on will be studied, is one of the goals in the authors’ next works to compensate for the shortcomings in this work.

Originality/value
This study helps to understand the effect of the inlet gas temperature during the agglomeration process on the kinetic parameter and provides fundamental information in dealing with kinetic parameter to attain PSD in fluidized bed by the PBM.
Investigating country image influences after a product-harm crisis
Authors: Crouch Roberta Carolyn , Lu Vinh Nhat , Pourazad Naser , Ke Chen 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Although international product-harm crises have become more common, the influence of the country image (CI) associated with foreign goods in such crises remains under researched. This study aims to investigate the extent to which the CI of a foreign made product influences consumers’ attribution of blame and trust and, ultimately, their future purchase intentions after the product is involved in a crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
A 2 (country) × 3 (crisis type) quasi experimental design was used, with data collected from Australia (n = 375) and China (n = 401).

Findings
CI can influence attribution of blame, subsequent levels of trust and likely purchase intentions. Australian and Chinese consumers have different views when it comes to trusting a company or placing blame, depending on the country of origin or the type of crisis. The direct and positive effect of CI on consumer purchase intentions following a product-harm crisis is sequentially mediated by attribution of blame and trust. Trust is the most powerful influence on future purchase intentions in both samples.

Research limitations/implications
In this research, only one type of crisis response strategy (no comment) was used. Thus, the results of this study must be viewed with caution when considering outcomes relating to other response options. Additionally, the testing was limited to only two samples, focussing on three countries (England, China, Vietnam), and one product context using a hypothetical brand. Further, despite our reasonable sample size (N = 776), the number of respondents represented in each cell would still be considered a limitation overall.

Practical implications
When developing crisis response strategies, managers should take into account the influence of a positive/negative source CI in driving attribution and trust. To minimize the impact of crisis on future purchasing decisions, organizations can leverage positive biases and mitigate negative ones, aiming to maintain or restore trust as a priority.

Originality/value
The study provides cross-country understanding about the significant role of CI during a product-harm crisis in relation to subsequent consumers’ blame attribution, their trust in the focal organization and ultimately their future purchase intentions.