bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endopolyploidy is associated with leaf functional traits and climate variation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Pacey Evan K. , Maherali Hafiz , Husband Brian C. 
Published: July 2020

PremiseEndopolyploidy is widespread throughout the tree of life and is especially prevalent in herbaceous angiosperms. Its prevalence in this clade suggests that endopolyploidy may be adaptive, but its functional roles are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we explored whether endopolyploidy was associated with climatic factors and correlated with phenotypic traits related to growth.MethodsWe sampled stem and leaf endopolyploidy in 56 geographically separated accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana grown in a common garden to explore species variation and to determine whether this variation was correlated with climatic variables and other plant traits.ResultsStem endopolyploidy was not associated with climate or other traits. However, leaf endopolyploidy was significantly higher in accessions from drier and colder environments. Moreover, leaf endopolyploidy was positively correlated with apparent chlorophyll content and leaf dry mass.ConclusionsEndopolyploidy may have a functional role in the storage of chloroplasts and starch, and it may offer an adaptive avenue of tissue growth in cold and dry environments.
“This Isn't Just a Police Issue”: Tensions between Criminal Justice and University Responses to Sexual Assault among College Students
Authors: Javorka McKenzie , Campbell Rebecca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSexual assault among college students is both a crime and a civil rights violation under U.S. federal Title IX policy, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in educational institutions. The current study sought to understand the extent to which the criminal justice system influences university Title IX proceedings, as well as potential consequences of this influence. For this study, we conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with a sample of 22 multidisciplinary, nationally‐recognized subject matter experts in the area of campus sexual assault response. The results indicated that criminal justice concepts and goals are indeed being conflated with and influencing university Title IX proceedings. Participants also reported that criminal investigations are often prioritized over or seen as higher quality than Title IX investigations. As a result, participants described diminished educational and civil rights protections for survivors. We discuss how the community psychology values of social justice, promoting health and well‐being, and accountability to oppressed groups can guide future efforts to reduce the spread of criminal justice influence into Title IX, improve existing Title IX proceedings, and explore alternative models of accountability beyond traditional criminal and civil approaches.
A Macrocyclic Gold(I)–Biphenylene Complex: Triangular Molecular Structure with Twisted Au2(diphosphine) Corners and Reductive Elimination of [6]Cycloparaphenylene
Authors: Tsuchido Yoshitaka , Abe Ryota , Ide Tomohito , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe digold(I) complex [Au2Cl2(Cy2PCH2PCy2)] reacts with 4,4′‐diphenylene diboronic acid to form a triangular macrocyclic complex with twisted Au‐P‐C‐P‐Au groups at the three corners. The synthesis of the complex and its chemical oxidation produced [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP) in 59 % overall yield.
Alkylation‐Terminated Catellani Reactions Using Alkyl Carbagermatranes
Authors: Jiang Wei‐Tao , Xu Meng‐Yu , Yang Shuo , Xie Xiu‐Ying , Xiao Bin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Catellani reaction has received substantial attention because it enables rapid multiple derivatization on aromatics. While using alkyl electrophiles to achieve ortho‐alkylation was one of the earliest applications of the Catellani reaction, ipso‐alkylation‐terminated reactions with β‐H‐containing reactants has not been realized to date. Herein, we report alkylation‐terminated Catellani reaction using alkyl carbagermatranes (abbreviated as alkyl‐Ge) as nucleophiles. The reactivity of alkyl‐Ge and alkyl‐B(OH)2 in this reaction is discussed. This approach enables efficient dialkylation with β‐H‐containing reactants, which was previously inaccessible by Catellani reactions.
Liquid Organic Frameworks: A Liquid Crystalline 8‐Connected Network with Body‐Centered Cubic Symmetry
Authors: Chen Changlong , Poppe Marco , Poppe Silvio , Tschierske Carsten , Liu Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLiquid state self‐assembly is important for the understanding of the complex structures developed in abiogenesis and biogenesis as well as for numerous potential technological applications. Herein we report the first body‐centered cubic liquid crystalline phase with 8‐connected network topology and open octahedral network structure. It is formed by dynamic soft self‐assembly of X‐shaped polyphiles with oligo(para‐phenylene‐ethynylene) cores. The π‐conjugated rods with perfluorinated inner benzene rings form networks conjoined by eight‐way junctions, which are formed by nano‐segregated spheres involving hydrogen‐bonded polar end groups, while the branched aliphatic chains at opposite sides of the cores fill the continuum. This novel cubic phase is based on the I‐WP minimal surface separating the frameworks of polyaromatic cores from the most disordered chain segments. It can also be considered as a dense sphere packing. Such liquid organic frameworks, representing hybrids of sphere packings and networks could be of interest for organic photonics and other technologies.
The Cupin Protein Pac13 is Suggested by the Data to Be a Homodimer
Authors: Zhang Rundong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCupin proteins share a double‐stranded β‐helix fold, form one of the largest protein superfamilies, and possess remarkable functional diversity. They usually exist in homooligomeric states. Goss and co‐workers recently reported that the cupin protein Pac13, which is a dehydratase that mediates the formation of the 3′‐deoxy nucleoside of pacidamycins, is an unusual small monomer. However, a careful analysis of the biophysical and structural data provided by the authors suggests that Pac13 is in fact a homodimer, similar to many other cupin proteins.
A Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy Toolbox for the Characterisation of Paramagnetic/Spin‐Crossover Coordination Complexes and Metal–Organic Cages
Authors: Lehr Marc , Paschelke Tobias , Trumpf Eicke , Vogt Anna‐Marlene , Näther Christian , Sönnichsen Frank D. , McConnell Anna J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe large paramagnetic shifts and short relaxation times resulting from the presence of a paramagnetic centre complicate NMR data acquisition and interpretation in solution. As a result, NMR analysis of paramagnetic complexes is limited in comparison to diamagnetic compounds and often relies on theoretical models. We report a toolbox of 1D (1H, proton‐coupled 13C, selective 1H‐decoupling 13C, steady‐state NOE) and 2D (COSY, NOESY, HMQC) paramagnetic NMR methods that enables unprecedented structural characterisation and in some cases, provides more structural information than would be observable for a diamagnetic analogue. We demonstrate the toolbox's broad versatility for fields from coordination chemistry and spin‐crossover complexes to supramolecular chemistry through the characterisation of CoII and high‐spin FeII mononuclear complexes as well as a Co4L6 cage.
Janus Face All‐cis 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)‐ and All‐cis 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis(trifluoromethyl)‐ Cyclohexanes
Authors: Yu Cihang , Kütt Agnes , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Lebl Tomas , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Bühl Michael , O'Hagan David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis of all‐cis 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis (trifluoromethyl)‐ and all‐cis 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis (trifluoromethyl)‐ cyclohexanes by direct hydrogenation of precursor tetrakis‐ or hexakis‐ (trifluoromethyl)benzenes. The resultant cyclohexanes have a stereochemistry such that all the CF3 groups are on the same face of the cyclohexyl ring. All‐cis 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane is the most sterically demanding of the all‐cis hexakis substituted cyclohexanes prepared to date, with a barrier (ΔG) to ring inversion calculated at 27 kcal mol−1. The X‐ray structure of all‐cis 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane displays a flattened chair conformation and the electrostatic profile of this compound reveals a large diffuse negative density on the fluorine face and a focused positive density on the hydrogen face. The electropositive hydrogen face can co‐ordinate chloride (K≈103) and to a lesser extent fluoride and iodide ions. Dehydrofluorination promoted decomposition occurs with fluoride ion acting as a base.
Thermochemical conversion of oil palm Fiber‐LDPE hybrid waste into biochar
Authors: Adelodun Adedeji A. , Adeniyi Adewale G. , Ighalo Joshua O. , Onifade Damilola V. , Arowoyele Lois T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTypical municipal solid waste (MSW) is composed mainly of biomass and polymers. In this study, the co‐conversion of a feedstock obtained from a mixture of both constituent materials is investigated. The goal of this study was to determine the suitability of a low‐temperature process for achieving biochar with properties that can make it amenable to multiple energy and environmental applications. Co‐carbonization of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fiber (OPF) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was conducted at a peak temperature of 529 °C for 80 min in a top‐lit updraft biomass conversion reactor using retort heating. The biochar yields for OPF and OPF‐LDPE were 15.9 wt% and 62.7 wt%, respectively, with the higher yield of the latter attributed to a polymer effect. The OPF and OPF‐LDPE biochars were mesoporous with relatively large specific surface areas of 352.9 and 391.4 m2 g−1, respectively. The addition of LDPE to the OPF feedstock was observed to be advantageous as it improved the biochar yield, carbon content, specific surface area, and pore volume. Consequently, the technology of choice for solid waste management offers key environment‐friendly benefits such as no electrical power requirement, an excellent waste‐to‐wealth approach, and the capacity to be used globally (in remote locations). © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The assessment of the balance system in cranial artery stenosis
Authors: Dorobisz Karolina , Dorobisz Tadeusz , Zatoński Tomasz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionVertigo and balance disorders are a significant clinical problem, especially in elderly patients. The narrowing of cranial vessels may be asymptomatic or produce neurological symptoms. Very often nonspecific signs of ischemia occur, such as headache, vertigo, or dizziness.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to assess the effect of carotid and vertebral arteries stenosis on the function of the equilibrium organ on the basis of electronystagmography and posturography.MaterialThe study was conducted in 63 patients, presenting with carotid and vertebral arteries stenosis. The control group consisted of 32 healthy persons.MethodsAll patients were subjected to precise audiological and otoneurological diagnostic examinations. Prior to being qualified for the study, patients were subjected to the assessment of arteries by means of Doppler ultrasonography. The vestibular organ was assessed by means of physical examination as well as by electronystagmography and posturography testing.Results and conclusionsThe study revealed statistically significant reduction in the results of the equilibrium organ assessments in patients with carotid and vertebral arteries sclerosis as compared to the control group. Abnormal ENG records in the study group patients were observed particularly in the pendulum test, optokinetic test, and the assessment of positional nystagmus, possibly indicating disturbances within the central part of the equilibrium system. Disturbed blood flow in arteries had also an important impact on spinovestibular reflexes and resulted in disturbed postural stability control. On the basis of the conducted studies, it is concluded that diagnostic examinations for carotid and vertebral artery stenosis should be performed in patients with equilibrium system disorders.
Cold agglutinin disease following SARS‐CoV‐2 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co‐infections
Authors: Moonla Chatphatai , Watanaboonyongcharoen Phandee , Suwanpimolkul Gompol , Paitoonpong Leilani , Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Chanswangphuwana Chantiya , Polprasert Chantana , Rojnuckarin Ponlapat , Putcharoen Opass 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory co‐infections may occur. As Mycoplasma pneumoniae and various viruses can cause cold agglutinin disease (CAD), the presence of CAD in COVID‐19 patients should indicate the need of investigations for those pathogens.
A child with a foreign body in bronchus misdiagnosed as asthma
Authors: Chaudhary Nagendra , Shrestha Sandeep , Kurmi Om P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractForeign body ingestion should be considered as an important differential in a child with difficult asthma. We report an 11‐year‐old male child with foreign body aspiration who initially was diagnosed and treated as difficult asthma. Later on, he was diagnosed to have a foreign body in the right bronchus, which was successfully removed by flexible bronchoscopy.
SMART‐Reactors: Tailoring Gas Holdup Distribution by Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures
Authors: Spille Claas , Lyberis Anastasios , Maiwald Maria Isabelle , Herzog Dirk , Hoffmann Marko , Emmelmann Claus , Schlüter Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn chemical process engineering, fast gas‐liquid reactions often suffer from an inefficient distribution of gas and therefore mixing and mass transfer performance. This study deals with the possibility of influencing the local gas holdup and bubble size distribution in a gas‐liquid process using additively manufactured lattice structures (AMLS). The used measuring technique to study bubble size, velocity, and the local gas holdup is a photo‐optical needle probe. By using AMLS, a significant radial homogenization of the local gas holdup and the mean bubble size is achieved. Furthermore, it can be demonstrated that the bubble size can be tailored by the geometry of the inserted structure. It is illustrated that the mean bubble velocities are lowered within the lattice resulting in a higher residence time of the dispersed phase with an impact on the mass transfer performance within the AMLS.
Cardiorespiratory fitness improves prediction of mortality of standard cardiovascular risk scores in a Latino population
Authors: Acevedo Mónica , Valentino Giovanna , Bustamante María José , Orellana Lorena , Adasme Marcela , Baraona Fernando , Corbalán Ramón , Navarrete Carlos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful predictor of mortality. This study evaluated the predictive value of CRF for mortality in Chilean subjects without atherosclerotic disease compared with the Framingham, European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), and 2013 ACC/AHA risk scores and determined the incremental predictive value of CRF when added to these scores.HypothesisCRF improves prediction of all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)‐related mortality of the standard international risk scores.MethodsCross‐sectional study, which evaluated 4064 subjects between 2002 and 2016. Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and blood pressure were measured. CRF was determined by metabolic equivalents during maximum stress test. The Framingham, SCORE, and ACC/AHA risk scores were calculated for all subjects. After a median follow‐up of 9 years, all‐cause and CVD‐related mortality were assessed. Receiver operating curves were built to determine mortality prediction for CRF, the risk scores, and CRF added to the scores.ResultsAs of August 2016, 99 deaths were reported, 33 of which were CVD‐related. All risk scores and CRF predicted CVD‐related mortality, with CRF identified as the best predictor: CRF: C = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82‐0.93) vs Framingham: C = 0.68 (95% CI: 0.60‐0.76), SCORE: C = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70‐0.83), and ACC/AHA: C = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73‐0.85). Predictive power of the three scores improved when CRF was added to the model, but this was only significant for the Framingham score.ConclusionsCRF is a good predictor of both, all‐cause and CV mortality and a better predictor of CVD‐related deaths than standard risk scores in this population.
Identifying inbred lines with resistance to endemic diseases in exotic maize germplasm
Authors: Rossi Ezequiel A. , Ruiz Marcos , Bonamico Natalia C. , Balzarini Mónica G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMal de Rio Cuarto (MRC) and common rust (CR), caused by Mal de Rio Cuarto virus (MRCV) and Puccinia sorghi, respectively, are endemic diseases affecting maize (Zea mays L.) production in Argentina. Exotic maize germplasm is an important source of resistance to these diseases. The aim of this work was to identify maize lines that exhibit MRC and CR resistance. A multienvironment trial was performed to phenotypically assess a diverse panel of inbred lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The maize lines were evaluated using a disease severity index (DSI) for MRC and CR in the central area of Argentina. A multitrait mixed linear model (MLM) was used to identify the lines with the best performance for both diseases and estimate genetic parameters. No correlation of resistance between MRC and CR was found among the tested lines. Additionally, best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) of genotypic effects were used as response variable to perform a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS revealed promising alleles for maize breeding, two associated with MRC and three with CR. Lines with lower DSI for MRC and CR were identified as novel materials for incorporating resistance to the local germplasm.
Long‐term and interactive effects of different mammalian consumers on growth, survival, and recruitment of dominant tree species
Authors: Cushman J. Hall , Saunders Laura E. , Refsland Tyler K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThroughout the world, numerous tree species are reported to be in decline, either due to increased mortality of established trees or reduced recruitment. The situation appears especially acute for oaks, which are dominant features of many landscapes in the northern hemisphere. Although numerous factors have been hypothesized to explain reductions in tree performance, vertebrate herbivores and granivores may serve as important drivers of these changes. Here, using data from 8‐ and 14‐year‐old exclosure experiments, we evaluated the individual and interactive effects of large and small mammalian herbivores on the performance of three widespread oak species in California—coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), California black oak (Q. kelloggii), and Oregon white oak (Q. garryana). Although impacts varied somewhat by species and experiment, herbivory by black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) reduced the height and survival of juvenile coast live oaks and altered their architecture, as well as reduced the abundance of black oak seedlings, the richness of woody species and the cover of nonoak woody species. Small mammals (Microtus californicus and Peromyscus maniculatus) had even more widespread effects, reducing the abundance of black oak seedlings and the height and cover of all three oak species. We also detected numerous interactions between small mammals and deer, with one herbivore having positive or negative effects on oak abundance and cover when the other herbivore was either present or absent. For example, deer often had negative effects on seedling abundance only when, or even more so when, small mammals were present. In summary, mammalian consumers play crucial roles in limiting oak recruitment by reducing seedling abundance, maintaining trees in stunted states, and preventing them from reaching sapling stages and becoming reproductive. Interactions between large and small mammals can also alter the intensity and direction of their effects on trees.
Electrochemical Enzymatic Biosensing of Neotame Supported by Computational Methods
Authors: Lephalala Matshidiso , Kanchi Suvardhan , Sabela Myalowenkosi I. , Bisetty Krishna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein a highly sensitive electrochemical enzymatic biosensor for the detection of neotame in soft drinks was developed based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with aloe vera‐derived gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and carboxyl esterase (CaE) enzyme to support the wave strengthening strategy. The electrochemical biosensor revealed high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 27 μg L−1 and 83 μg L−1 respectively. The calibration curve showed a linear dependence of the cathodic peak current on the neotame concentration profile with a correlation factor of 0.9829, signifying an improved electrocatalytic property of the electrode. The good feasibility of the proposed strategy was confirmed by assessing the interactions between the analyte and the enzyme using computational tools. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations of neotame reveal a HOMO‐LUMO energy gap of −0.46618 eV, suggesting a great tendency to act as an electron donor. Furthermore, adsorption and analyte‐enzyme docking studies were carried out to better understand the redox mechanisms. These results revealed that neotame form hydrogen bonds with LEU 249 and GLU251 and other amino acids of the hydrophobic channel of the binding sites, thereby facilitating the redox reaction for the detection of neotame. These outcomes confirm that the aloe vera‐derived AuNPs are good platforms for immobilizing CaE because of its high surface area, promoting the electron transfer from neotame to form an enzyme‐substrate complex, contributing to an enhanced biosensing signal. Furthermore, the enhanced catalytic activity of this enzymatic biosensor for the detection of neotame in soft drinks has huge potential in the food and beverage industry.
Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from different species of Juniperus (section Juniperus)
Authors: Najar Basma , Pistelli Luisa , Mancini Simone , Fratini Filippo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe essential oils (EOs) obtained from leaves belonging to three species of Juniperus (section Juniperus) collected in different localities of Italy (six samples of J oxycedrus, one sample of J deltoides and three samples of J macrocarpa), as well as three samples of commercial EOs extracted from Juniperus communis berries, were analysed for their volatile constituents by GC‐MS. The antimicrobial activity of these EOs was tested against both Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica Tiphymurium) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) ATCC strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The volatile leaf and berry oils were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (from 39.7% of J oxycedrus to 79.0% J macrocarpa) characterized by high amounts of α‐pinene (an average of 41.3%, 43.0% and 27.6% in J macrocarpa, J oxycedrus and J communis, respectively). On the contrary, limonene was the most abundant compound (20.0%) in J deltoids. The Gram‐positive bacteria evidenced a sensitivity versus EOs extracted from J oxycedrus and J communis, while a moderate susceptibility was showed against J macrocarpa EO J deltoides EO showed the lowest activity between the tested EOs against all the tested strains.