bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between social capital and innovativeness climate in schools
Authors: Parlar Hanifi , Polatcan Mahmut , Cansoy Ramazan 
Published: December 2019

PurposeProfessional learning communities that merge under the same goal in schools where social relationship networks are strong can contribute to creating an atmosphere which provides a basis for innovativeness. In this study the relationships between social capital, innovativeness climate and professional learning communities were examined through the views of teachers working at public schools. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe data of this study, which utilised correlational survey model, were collected from 734 teachers who work in the Umraniye district of Istanbul, Turkey.FindingsThe findings revealed that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between social capital, innovativeness climate and professional learning communities. The results demonstrated that teachers’ perceptions of social capital in schools affected their perceptions of innovativeness climate and that professional learning communities had an intermediary role in this relationship. These findings showed that the richness in social relationship networks provided a basis for the development of innovative teaching practices in schools and the professional learning environments created in schools contributed to this process.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, the intermediary role of professional learning communities on the effect of social capital on innovativeness climate was analysed via teachers’ views. In the literature no study studying the relationship between social capital, innovativeness climate and professional learning communities was found.Practical implicationsIt can be put forward that there is a need for studies that analyse the effect of the roots of social capital on innovativeness culture to identify other variables that may potentially be relevant. In addition, this study may be a contribution to the literature by providing a study on the concepts of social capital and innovativeness climate, which were studied in the fields of social sciences extensively, in educational settings and this supports the field through theoretical and empirical studies.Originality/valueThis study demonstrated the effects of the concept of social capital on innovativeness climate which provides a basis for innovativeness in educational institutions. This topic is currently on the agenda of the OECD and World Bank. Moreover, this study aims to show the intermediary role of professional learning communities in the relationship between social capital and innovativeness climate.
Mapping four leadership styles in Japan: how has the role of the principal been shaped by policies?
Authors: Yokota Hirokazu 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how internationally recognized styles of transactional, instructional, transformational and distributed leadership have emerged in the Japanese education system.

Design/methodology/approach
National legislation and policy documents in Japan since 1945 were collected by searching for the word “principal” or “head of school.” Then, four types are excluded: those that are unique only to one school type, do not explicitly deal with the role of the principal, are in subordinate laws prescribing contents that essentially overlap with those in superordinate statutes and define procedural roles of the principal. As a result, 17 legal provisions and 35 policy documents remained, each of which was analyzed by using four leadership styles.

Findings
Despite an increasing focus on instructional, transformational and distributed styles, Japan has not comprehensively articulated attributes and abilities expected of the principal. Additionally, a movement away from instructional leadership in the 2000s contrasts with the recent emphasis on “educational leadership.” Moreover, transformational leadership has centered on the school–family–community collaboration and the expansion of principal autonomy, and distributed leadership has taken the forms of new positions that support the principal, both of which were influenced by the decentralization movement.

Research limitations/implications
It points to the susceptibility of the role of the principal in Japan and western countries alike to broader structural reforms but with different implications and distinct timing of the advent of leadership styles among them. Additionally, Japan has adopted a modified approach to distributed leadership style, which is somewhat similar to delegation, to make a compromise between the emergent theory and the centrality of the principal in the school hierarchy. Furthermore, instructional leadership seems to be a “late bloomer” in Japan because of its practice-based nature and unsuitability to daily realities of the principal.

Originality/value
As an arguably unprecedented attempt to apply leadership styles to legislation and policy documents, this study builds a foundation for understanding how school leadership is shaped by education policies. Moreover, while making connections to the western view, it creates a paradigm for future studies of school leadership in Japan and in the field of comparative educational administration.
Shared leadership in entrepreneurial teams: a qualitative study
Authors: Lyndon Shiji , Pandey Ashish 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to unravel the underpinnings of the phenomenon of shared leadership. The study was carried out with the objective of answering questions such as what is shared in shared leadership, what are individual and team level factors which lead to sharing and what are the outcomes of shared leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a qualitative approach. Eighteen in-depth interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using Nvivo 11 software.FindingsThe study found that in entrepreneurial teams while sharing leadership, cofounders share competencies, roles, vision, stress and decision-making. The study also reveals various individual and team level factors which facilitate shared leadership and its outcomes.Practical implicationsThe study offers critical insights regarding the characteristics of individuals and team where shared leadership would work and hence can be used to understand the factors to be considered while forming teams. The study also has important insights for the investors regarding what dynamics to look for in individuals and teams before making investment decisions.Originality/valueThe inductive approach adopted in the study helps in understanding some of the basic underpinnings of the phenomenon of shared leadership which were not adequately answered by previous studies.
Lightweight alternative tech: a study of Chromebooks in the academic library classroom
Authors: Seyala Beth , Burns Erin , Richie Shannon , Deuink Amy L. , Lynn Valerie 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Chromebooks as an alternative to the traditional computer laboratory for library instruction in an academic environment. The results of this study could help inform the creation of a mobile instruction lab that students and librarians quickly construct inside any classroom with minimal effort and no software to manage.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was distributed to student participants. The survey contained two demographic questions followed by seven user experience questions related to the in-classroom use of Chromebooks; most questions were quantitative in nature.

Findings
The majority of respondents (84 percent) strongly or somewhat agreed that Chromebooks were easy to use, and 15 percent of the respondents reported some difficulty accessing the university’s Wi-Fi system while using the devices.

Research limitations/implications
This introductory study was limited to a survey population primarily comprised of lower-level undergraduate students in their first two years of study. Additionally, Chromebooks were not tested in an educational environment using G Suite for Education, which could increase the opportunities for use in an academic setting.

Practical implications
The study’s findings, combined with the portability and long battery life of Chromebooks, make them a candidate for a mobile instruction lab.

Originality/value
This research seeks to explore the viability of Chromebooks as an affordable and easy to manage alternative to wired instruction rooms, using a light laptop technology that is becoming increasingly familiar to college students.
An organismic approach to multinational enterprise failure
Authors: Park Jeong-Yang , Lew Yong Kyu , Park Byung Il 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer why some multinational enterprises (MNEs) fail within the international business (IB) domain.Design/methodology/approachConceptually, the study takes an organismic approach to MNE failure. Methodologically, it adopts an elite interview approach derived from the Delphi technique. Respondents are 39 IB and strategic management academics.FindingsThe paper finds that MNE failure is rooted in strategic leadership and capabilities (i.e. internal deterioration of organizational resources and strategies) and institutional pressures and differences, and these factors lead to deterioration of institutional legitimacy for an MNE.Originality/valueThe paper conducts a review of the firm failure and foreign divestment literature and undertakes an organismic approach to the analysis of MNE failure in the IB context. The paper provides useful insights on developing and implementing both market and non-market strategies for overcoming MNE internationalization failure.
Exploring digital evidence recognition among officers and troopers in a sample of a state police force
Authors: Holt Thomas J. , Clevenger Shelly , Navarro Jordana 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which line officers in police agencies can identify digital evidence at crime scenes, also known as the binary artifacts stored on computers, mobile devices, tablets and the internet, through an analysis of survey responses of line staff in a Midwestern state police agency.

Design/methodology/approach
An electronic survey was completed by 258 respondents using a scenario-based vignette asking them to identify where such evidence may be located during a fictitious call for service.

Findings
Most all respondents identified appropriate devices and locations where digital evidence may be stored on suspects and victims in a scenario call for service. There were significant differences in responses on the basis of recent field experience with digital evidence.

Research limitations/implications
The findings demonstrate the importance of experiential learning and training for line staff in police agencies to prepare them for basic digital evidence handling in the field. This sample is, however, based on a single state police agency and may not be reflective of other similarly sized agencies. Future research is needed to replicate this study and expand the generalizability of these findings.

Originality/value
First responders should be able to identify and secure all appropriate forms of evidence at crime scenes, regardless of crime type, while awaiting specialized investigators. This study is one of the first to consider when and how police are able to recognize digital evidence at crime scenes.
Investigating microbial associations from sequencing survey data with co‐correspondence analysis
Authors: Alric Benjamin , ter Braak Cajo J. F. , Desdevises Yves , Lebredonchel Hugo , Dray Stéphane 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicrobial communities, which drive major ecosystem functions, consist of a wide range of interacting species. Understanding how microbial communities are structured and the processes underlying this is crucial to interpreting ecosystem responses to global change but is challenging as microbial interactions cannot usually be directly observed. Multiple efforts are currently focused to combine next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques with refined statistical analysis (e.g., network analysis, multivariate analysis) to characterize the structures of microbial communities. However, most of these approaches consider a single table of sequencing data measured for several samples. Technological advances now make it possible to collect NGS data on different taxonomic groups simultaneously for the same samples, allowing us to analyse a pair of tables. Here, an analytical framework based on co‐correspondence analysis (CoCA) is proposed to study the distributions, assemblages and interactions between two microbial communities. We show the ability of this approach to highlight the relationships between two microbial communities, using two data sets exhibiting various types of interactions. CoCA identified strong association patterns between autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial eukaryote assemblages, on the one hand, and between microalgae and viruses, on the other. We demonstrate also how CoCA can be used, complementary to network analysis, to reorder co‐occurrence networks and thus investigate the presence of patterns in ecological networks.
Impact of a multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative to reduce inappropriate usage of stress ulcer prophylaxis in hospitalized patients
Authors: Choi Yeo Jin , Sim Joohyun , Jung Yun Tae , Shin Sooyoung 
Published: December 2019

AimsTo promote effective methods to improve overutilization patterns of acid‐suppressive therapy in hospitalized patients and to evaluate the impact of multidisciplinary team efforts to reduce inappropriate use of stress ulcer prophylaxis in low‐risk patients.MethodsA multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative incorporating education, medication use reviews and reconciliation, and pharmaceutical intervention was implemented in June 2018 for surgical patients hospitalized via emergency department. For the pre‐post analysis and time series analysis, patients admitted during April and May were classified into the pre‐intervention cohort and those admitted during July and August into the post‐intervention cohort.ResultsThree hundred and seventeen patients were included in this study (153 and 164 in the pre‐ and post‐intervention cohorts, respectively). The multidisciplinary program was effective in reducing overuse of stress ulcer prophylaxis and healthcare expenses associated with it. Biweekly education on risk factors warranting stress ulcer prophylaxis was provided for clinicians, and acid‐suppressive therapy was removed from a preset list of admission orders. The incidence of inappropriate prophylaxis use declined substantially following intervention in overall patients (OR = 0.51, P = 0.01) and a significant decrease was primarily observed among non‐ICU patients (OR = 0.50, P = 0.01). Interrupted time series analysis confirmed the significant decline in inappropriate use post intervention (coefficient = −0.63, P < 0.001). The total healthcare expenses associated with such overuse decreased by 58.5% from US$ 19.39 to US$ 8.04 per 100 patient‐days.ConclusionsOur multidisciplinary team efforts were associated with improvement in stress ulcer prophylaxis overuse patterns, resulting in a substantial decrease in the incidence of inappropriate use, especially in general wards, and associated healthcare costs.
Pharmacokinetics of human antithrombin III concentrate in the immediate postoperative period after liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Bo Rim , Oh Jaeseong , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Ryu Ho Geol 
Published: December 2019

AimsAntithrombin III (AT‐III) concentrates have been used to prevent critical thrombosis in the immediate post‐liver transplantation period without clear evidence regarding the optimal dose or administration scheme. The relationship between the AT‐III dosage and the plasma activity levels during the period was evaluated in this study.MethodsThe plasma AT‐III activity levels and clinical data obtained from patients who received liver transplantation from January 2017 to September 2018 were retrospectively analysed. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using nonlinear mixed‐effects method and externally validated thereafter. Several dosing scenarios were simulated to maintain the plasma AT‐III activity level within the normal range using the developed PK model to search for an optimal AT‐III dosing regimen.ResultsThe plasma AT‐III activity levels were best described by a single compartment model with first order elimination kinetics. The recovery of endogenous AT‐III level during the postoperative days was modelled using an Emax model. The typical values (95% confidence interval) of volume of distribution and clearance were 3.86 (3.40–4.32) L, and 0.129 (0.111–0.147) L h−1, respectively. Serum albumin and body weight had significant effect on clearance and were included in the model. External validation of the proposed model demonstrated adequate prediction performance. Furthermore, simulation of previously suggested or modified dosing scenarios showed successful maintenance of AT‐III activity level within the normal range.ConclusionA population PK model of AT‐III concentrate was developed using data from liver recipients. Dosing scenarios simulated in our study may help establish a practical guide for AT‐III concentrate titration after liver transplantation.
Construction of a predictive scoring system as a guide to screening and confirmation of the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Kietsiriroje Noppadol , Wonghirundecha Rawipas , Suntornlohanakul Onnicha , Murray Robert D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension. In Southern Thailand, the aldosterone‐renin ratio (ARR) is only available within a small number of tertiary centres, necessitating need for a simple clinical assessment to determine the requirement for ARR.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify predictive factors for the diagnosis of PA and generate a predictive scoring system (PSS) for use in screening and diagnosis of PA.Patients and MethodsA total of 420 patients aged >15 years with paired plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity values allowing calculation of ARR were identified from the electronic hospital database between 2011 and 2016.ResultsThe overall prevalence of PA was 16.7% (range; adrenal incidentaloma 5.6% to hypokalaemia 30%). Predictive factors for diagnosis of PA were as follows: age <60 years, BMI < 25 kg/m2, presence of diabetes, ≥3 antihypertensive agents, serum sodium ≥ 141 mmol/L and serum potassium < 3.5 mmol/L. A predictive scoring system (PSS) (range −2 to 13) was generated by the coefficients of the variables with ROC curve AUC 0.87 [95% CI: 0.83‐0.91]. Using the PSS, a total score <4 provided a robust negative predictive value (sensitivity, 0.97; specificity, 0.48; NPV, 0.99; PPV, 0.27) for PA. In patients at high risk of PA (PAC > 15 ng/dL and PRA < 1.0 ng/mL/hr), a PSS score > 9 had specificity and PPV of 100%, essentially confirming PA in these individuals.ConclusionThe proposed PSS for PA will enable more focused and cost‐effective use of ARR screening and confirmatory testing. In our cohort, 40% and 42% of patients would not require ARR screening or confirmatory tests, respectively.
Weather and regional crop composition variation drive spatial synchrony of lepidopteran agricultural pests
Authors: Walter Jonathan A. , Sheppard Lawrence W. , Venugopal P. Dilip , Reuman Daniel C. , Dively Galen , Tooker John F. , Johnson Derek M. 
Published: December 2019

1. Spatial synchrony, the tendency for temporal population fluctuations to be correlated across multiple locations at regional scales, is common and contributes to the severity of outbreaks and epidemics, but is little studied in agricultural pests.2. This study analysed spatial synchrony from 1974 to 2008 in 16 lepidopteran agricultural pests in Maryland, U.S.A., and investigated whether pest synchrony is driven by interannual variability in seasonal weather and the areas planted in different crop types.3. Lepidopteran pests exhibited high degrees of spatial synchrony, which was driven by environmental variation, a phenomenon known as the Moran effect. Region‐wide variation in the areas planted in major crops drove spatially synchronous abundance fluctuations in more than half of studied species. The combination of weather and crop composition explained large fractions of synchrony in black cutworm, corn earworm, European corn borer, and spotted cutworm populations. Other pests, including forage looper and variegated cutworm, displayed a high degree of spatial synchrony, but without dependence on the tested drivers.4. The study finding that synchronous variation in the area planted in different crop types contributed to synchronous pest abundance fluctuations suggests that strategies to reduce synchrony in changes in crop type across a region could reduce the severity of pest outbreaks and enhance the stability of agricultural systems.
Mentality, motivation, and economic decision‐making in Ancient Rome: Cicero and Tullia's shrine
Authors: García Morcillo Marta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCicero's letters to his friend Atticus are an invaluable source for the study of the financial and economic activities pursued by Late Republican upper‐class Romans. Beyond the information concerning the diversity, scale, and impact of their businesses, these extraordinary documents give enlightening testimonies to the psychological factors that affected economic behaviour and the process of decision‐making. The case of Tullia's shrine, a complex operation that concerned the search for and purchase of a garden‐estate in one of the most exclusive areas of the Roman suburbs, became Cicero's most personal challenge and obsession. An accurate study of this affair through the orator's own voice allows us to explore the concept of ancient rationality, as well as the psychological and environmental mechanisms that led to economic strategies and performances. The study also tests the applicability of ideas and methodologies from the field of behavioural economics in the context of the first‐century BC real estate market, a fluctuating and speculative business sector highly informed by credit culture, social status, and unstable politics.
Shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy: A promising tool for the investigation of soil
Authors: Theurer Lara S. , Maiwald Martin , Sumpf Bernd 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper we demonstrate shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) for soil analysis as a proof of concept. Confocal Raman microscopy is performed for sample analysis as well as for qualitative comparison with our SERDS experiments. Raman spectra of a soil sample show huge background signals, which mask weak Raman peaks. SERDS clearly separates the Raman signals from background signals with a 10‐fold improvement of the signal‐to‐background noise ratio. Thus, besides hydroxyapatite, additional Raman bands from quartz and feldspar could be extracted. The results demonstrate SERDS as a promising tool for soil analysis.Highlights
Raman spectroscopy for soil characterization, e.g., for nutrient management.
SERDS as a proof of concept for soil analysis.
SERDS extracts Raman signals from disturbing background signals.
SERDS as a promising tool for soil investigations.