bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting topical drug clearance from the skin
Authors: Maciel Tabosa Maria Alice , Hoppel Magdalena , Bunge Annette L. , Guy Richard H. , Delgado-Charro M. Begoña 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor topical drug products that target sites of action in the viable epidermal and/or upper dermal compartment of the skin, the local concentration profiles have proven difficult to quantify because drug clearance from the viable cutaneous tissue is not well characterised. Without such knowledge, of course, it is difficult—if not impossible—to predict a priori whether and over what time frame a topical formulation will permit an effective concentration of drug within the skin ‘compartment’ to be achieved. Here, we test the hypothesis that valuable information about drug disposition, and specifically its clearance, in this experimentally difficult-to-access compartment (at least, in vivo) can be derived from available systemic pharmacokinetic data for drugs administered via transdermal delivery systems. A multiple regression analysis was undertaken to determine the best-fit empirical correlation relating clearance from the skin to known or easily calculable drug properties. It was possible, in this way, to demonstrate a clear relationship between drug clearance from the skin and key physical chemical properties of the drug (molecular weight, log P and topological polar surface area). It was further demonstrated that values predicted by the model correlated well with those derived from in vitro skin experiments.
The framing effect of tax–transfer systems
Authors: He Tai-Sen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the framing effect of tax–transfer systems on work effort decisions. We devised two theoretically equivalent treatments—the redistributive tax treatment and the redistributive transfer treatment—and studied subjects’ work effort choices in a novel public goods experiment. We found that subjects chose higher effort levels when redistribution took place via transfers than via taxes. Interestingly, the treatment effect was more pronounced among those with lower cognitive abilities and those who judged the tax–transfer system to be unfair. The results have the potential to offer insight on the debate about the extent to which taxes or transfers should be actively used for redistribution.
The role of two different training systems in affecting carbon sequestration capability in hazelnut orchards
Authors: Granata Mirko U. , Catoni Rosangela , Bracco Francesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs a part of a larger study concerning the carbon sequestration capability by hazelnut orchards in Italy, we analyzed the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) removed over the year from the atmosphere through the net assimilation rates in two hazelnut orchards in Piedmont (i.e., the second region in Italy for surface and production). In particular, considering the key role played by the structural traits in affecting carbon sequestration potential, we assessed the impact of two different training systems widely diffused in the region: single trunk in orchardA and bush-like in orchardB. The results showed that plants in orchardA and orchardB sequestered 10.6 ± 1.8 and 25.7 ± 4.2 kg (CO2) plant−1 month−1, respectively. Higher CO2 sequestration in the plants in orchardB was due to their higher leaf area index relative to plants in orchardA. The mean CO2 sequestration from orchardA and orchardB per area was 4.25 ± 1.72 and 8.57 ± 3.41 Mg (CO2) ha−1 month−1, respectively. We also estimated the total amount of CO2 emission by the management over the entire production season in 157.335 kg CO2eq ha−1 by summing the contribution of diesel fuel, machinery and fertilization practices and considering that the total amount of CO2 sequestered by the two hazelnut orchards over the entire study period was estimated in 26 Mg (CO2) ha−1 in orchardA, and in 51 Mg (CO2) ha−1 in orchardB, they had an effective positive role as carbon sink at this local level.
Near-field phase profile and far-field contrast modulation for micro-lens arrays at the refraction limit
Authors: Yousefi M. , Nečesal D. , Scharf T. , Rossi M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate the far-field pattern generation for a micro-lens array (MLA) illuminated under different conditions. Plane wave and Gaussian beam illumination are considered for an MLA with a small diameter of 27 microns and 30 microns period. At these dimensions, the optical effects are governed by diffraction and refraction and sometimes the regime is called the refraction limit. For Gaussian beam illumination, a high contrast dot pattern can be obtained in the far field according to the self-imaging theory for point source illumination and it is investigated in the simulation part. Also, we designed an interference microscopy setup to record both the phase and intensity in near field behind the MLA and also in the far field. The new instrument allows us to change illumination conditions from plane wave to point source. We then experimentally compare the near-field phase modulation and resulting far-field intensity for different conditions. For plane wave illumination, a high contrast pattern is observed in the far field. For the Gaussian beam illumination, the contrast of the far-field pattern depends on the distance of the source and MLA resulting in high contrast and a larger field of view only for particular distances depending on the interference of the Gaussian beam curved phase front and the MLA.
CRSP8 promotes thyroid cancer progression by antagonizing IKKα-induced cell differentiation
Authors: Liao Yina , Hua Yijun , Li Yizhuo , Zhang Changlin , Yu Wendan , Guo Ping , Zou Kun , Li Wenyang , Sun Yao , Wang Ruozhu , Zuo Yan , Sui Silei , Tian Chunfang , Hao Jiaojiao , Chen Manyu , Hu Sheng , Chen Miao , Long Qian , Wang Xiaonan , Zou Lijuan , Xie Fangyun , Guo Wei , Deng Wuguo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCRSP8 plays an important role in recruiting mediators to genes through direct interaction with various DNA-bound transactivators. In this study, we uncovered the unique function of CRSP8 in suppressing thyroid cancer differentiation and promoting thyroid cancer progression via targeting IKKα signaling. CRSP8 was highly expressed in human thyroid cancer cells and tissues, especially in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Knockdown of CRSP8 suppressed cell growth, migration, invasion, stemness, and induced apoptosis and differentiation in ATC cells, while its overexpression displayed opposite effects in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cells. Mechanistically, CRSP8 downregulated IKKα expression by binding to the IKKα promoter region (−257 to −143) to negatively regulate its transcription. Knockdown or overexpression of IKKα significantly reversed the expression changes of the differentiation and EMT-related markers and cell growth changes mediated by CRSP8 knockdown or overexpression in ATC or DTC cells. The in vivo study also validated that CRSP8 knockdown inhibited the growth of thyroid cancer by upregulating IKKα signaling in a mouse model of human ATC. Furthermore, we found that CRSP8 regulated the sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells to chemotherapeutics, including cisplatin and epirubicin. Collectively, our results demonstrated that CRSP8 functioned as a modulator of IKKα signaling and a suppressor of thyroid cancer differentiation, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for ATC by targeting CRSP8/IKKα pathway.
Enzymatic diagnosis of Pompe disease: lessons from 28 years of experience
Authors: Niño Monica Y. , Wijgerde Mark , de Faria Douglas Oliveira Soares , Hoogeveen-Westerveld Marianne , Bergsma Atze J. , Broeders Mike , van der Beek Nadine A. M. E. , van den Hout Hannerieke J. M. , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Verheijen Frans W. , Pijnappel W. W. M. Pim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPompe disease is a lysosomal and neuromuscular disorder caused by deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), and causes classic infantile, childhood onset, or adulthood onset phenotypes. The biochemical diagnosis is based on GAA activity assays in dried blood spots, leukocytes, or fibroblasts. Diagnosis can be complicated by the existence of pseudodeficiencies, i.e., GAA variants that lower GAA activity but do not cause Pompe disease. A large-scale comparison between these assays for patient samples, including exceptions and borderline cases, along with clinical diagnoses has not been reported so far. Here we analyzed GAA activity in a total of 1709 diagnostic cases over the past 28 years using a total of 2591 analyses and we confirmed the clinical diagnosis in 174 patients. We compared the following assays: leukocytes using glycogen or 4MUG as substrate, fibroblasts using 4MUG as substrate, and dried blood spots using 4MUG as substrate. In 794 individuals, two or more assays were performed. We found that phenotypes could only be distinguished using fibroblasts with 4MUG as substrate. Pseudodeficiencies caused by the GAA2 allele could be ruled out using 4MUG rather than glycogen as substrate in leukocytes or fibroblasts. The Asian pseudodeficiency could only be ruled out in fibroblasts using 4MUG as substrate. We conclude that fibroblasts using 4MUG as substrate provides the most reliable assay for biochemical diagnosis and can serve to validate results from leukocytes or dried blood spots.
The contribution of alpha particles to the solar wind angular momentum flux in the inner heliosphere
Authors: Finley A. J. , McManus M. D. , Matt S. P. , Kasper J. C. , Korreck K. E. , Case A. W. , Stevens M. L. , Whittlesey P. , Larson D. , Livi R. , Bale S. D. , Dudok de Wit T. , Goetz K. , Harvey P. R. , MacDowall R. J. , Malaspina D. M. , Pulupa M. 
Published: November 2020

Context. An accurate assessment of the Sun’s angular momentum (AM) loss rate is an independent constraint for models that describe the rotation evolution of Sun-like stars.
Aims. In situ measurements of the solar wind taken by Parker Solar Probe (PSP), at radial distances of ~28−55 R⊙, are used to constrain the solar wind AM-loss rate. For the first time with PSP, this includes a measurement of the alpha particle contribution.
Methods. The mechanical AM flux in the solar wind protons (core and beam), and alpha particles, was determined as well as the transport of AM through stresses in the interplanetary magnetic field. The solar wind AM flux was averaged over three hour increments, so that our findings more accurately represent the bulk flow.
Results. During the third and fourth perihelion passes of PSP, the alpha particles contain around a fifth of the mechanical AM flux in the solar wind (the rest is carried by the protons). The proton beam is found to contain ~10−50% of the proton AM flux. The sign of the alpha particle AM flux is observed to correlate with the proton core. The slow wind has a positive AM flux (removing AM from the Sun as expected), and the fast wind has a negative AM flux. As with previous works, the differential velocity between the alpha particles and the proton core tends to be aligned with the interplanetary magnetic field.
Conclusions. In future, by utilising the trends in the alpha-proton differential velocity, it may be possible to estimate the alpha particle contribution when only measurements of the proton core are available. Based on the observations from this work, the alpha particles contribute an additional 10−20% to estimates of the solar wind AM-loss rate which consider only the proton and magnetic field contributions. Additionally, the AM flux of the proton beam can be just as significant as the alpha particles, and so neither should be neglected in future studies.
Does Dose Volume Histogram of Parotid Glands Correlate with Xerostomia Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Scores in Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy?
Authors: Goel Sajal , Bhutani Ritu , Bansal Vivek , Goel Ruchika 
Published: November 2020

Introduction Xerostomia is an imminent complication of head and neck radiotherapy best assessed subjectively. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sparing parotid glands with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on subjective xerostomia scores in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer.
Subjects and Methods This is a prospective longitudinal study conducted in an outpatient department setting. A total of 43 patients with head and neck cancer were planned with IMRT as per the ICRU 62 (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement Report 62). The constraints to ipsilateral and contralateral parotid glands were 35 and 25 Gy, respectively. Treatment plan was assessed for doses to 100, 67, 50, and 33% volume of individual parotid glands. Patients were subjectively assessed using the Amosson’s Questionnaire and graded as per Eisbruch’s xerostomia Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scores. Dose volume histogram (DVH) was plotted and correlated with grades of xerostomia postradiation at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow-ups. Statistical analysis was performed suing SPSS version 16, chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance test.
Results No statistically significant correlation between mean dose of radiation, volume of the parotid glands, and grades of xerostomia was noted postradiation. A statistically significant improvement in grades of xerostomia between 3 and 6 months (p = 0.0), 3 and 9 months (p = 0.020), 6 and 9 months (p = 0.009), 6 and 12 months (p = 0.05), and 9 and 12 months (p = 0.00) was noted. Recovery in grades was noted at 9 months.
Conclusion There is no statistically significant direct correlation between DVH of the parotid glands and grades of xerostomia, although recovery in grades was statistically significant at 9 months.
Crises redefined: towards new spaces for social innovation in inner areas?
Authors: Moralli Melissa , Allegrini Giulia 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This article explores the relationship between the emergence of a ‘crisis society', social innovation and community resilience in Italian inner areas. Arguing that the concept of ‘crisis society' – as a further development of a ‘risk society’ – can help to frame both the increasing of uncertainty and the possibility for social change, the paper outlines a theoretical reflection on how context of crisis can influence social arrangements and forms of solidarity. In particular, it proposes to adopt the analytical lenses of social innovation and community resilience to discuss the relation between crisis, local dynamism and collective action. Secondly, it identifies Italian inner areas as an interesting field of research were to analyse how innovative initiatives and narratives can emerge in context of crisis, with a special focus on the Covid-19 pandemic. Without denying the negative consequences of this crisis, this early research paper sheds light on how crisis can be redefined on a double level. Firstly, by opening new windows of opportunities for collective action and bottom-up resilience. Secondly, by reframing inner areas, usually represented as vulnerable territories, as spaces where the creative capacity of local community can emerge. Finally, the paper identifies further trajectories of investigation for empirical research.
Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Masked and White Coat Uncontrolled Hypertension
Authors: Coccina Francesca , Pierdomenico Anna M , De Rosa Matteo , Lorenzo Belli , Foglietta Melissa , Petrilli Ivan , Vitulli Piergiusto , Pizzicannella Jacopo , Trubiani Oriana , Cipollone Francesco , Renda Giulia , Pierdomenico Sante D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRisk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in masked and white coat uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH and WUCH, respectively) has not yet been investigated. We assessed the risk of new-onset AF in MUCH and WUCH detected by ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring.METHODSThe occurrence of AF was evaluated in 2,135 treated hypertensive patients aged &gt;40 years, with baseline sinus rhythm, by electrocardiogram. Controlled hypertension (CH) was defined as clinic BP &lt;140/90 mm Hg and daytime BP, regardless of nighttime BP, &lt;135/85 mm Hg, MUCH as clinic BP &lt;140/90 mm Hg and daytime BP ≥135 and/or ≥85 mm Hg, WUCH as clinic BP ≥140 and/or ≥90 mm Hg and daytime BP &lt;135/85 mm Hg, and sustained uncontrolled hypertension (SUCH) as clinic BP ≥140 and/or ≥90 mm Hg and daytime BP ≥135 and/or ≥85 mm Hg.RESULTSMUCH was identified in 203 patients (9.5% of all the population, 29% of those with normal clinic BP) and WUCH in 503 patients (23.5% of all the population, 35% of those with high clinic BP). During the follow-up (mean 9.7 years), 116 cases of AF occurred. After adjustment for covariates, patients with MUCH (hazard ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval, 1.06–3.85) and SUCH (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval, 1.04–3.21) had higher risk of new-onset AF than those with CH, whereas those with WUCH (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval, 0.59–2.13) did not.CONCLUSIONSWhen compared with patients with CH, those with MUCH and SUCH are at higher risk (approximately doubled) of new-onset AF, whereas those with WUCH are not.
The renal patient seen by non-renal physicians: the kidney embedded in the ‘milieu intérieur’
Authors: Perez-Villa Felix , Lafage-Proust Marie Hélène , Gielen Eveline , Ortiz Alberto , Spasovski Goce , Argilés Àngel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is defined as a decrease in renal function or evidence of kidney injury for &gt;3 months. This represents an oversimplification that may confuse physicians. Thus kidney function is equated to glomerular filtration rate, which represents one of multiple kidney functions. Some potentially more important renal functions are lost earlier, such as the production for the anti-ageing factor Klotho. Overall, these changes modify the emergent properties of the body, altering the relationships between different organs and systems, in a manner that is difficult to predict the response to interventions based on normal physiology concepts, as there is a novel steady state of interorgan relations. In this regard we now discuss the impact of CKD on heart failure; osteomuscular and joint pain and bone fragility and fractures; and osteosarcopaenia as seen by a cardiologist, a rheumatologist and a geriatrician.
Coronary vasospasm-induced syncope with dynamic changes of regional wall motion abnormalities confirmed real-time: a case report
Authors: Lee Hak Seung , Yang Han-Mo , Koo Bon-Kwon , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Coronary vasospasm is primarily characterized by transient and reversible vasoconstriction causing myocardial ischaemia and can manifest with various clinical features, including syncope.

Case summary
A 50-year-old man presented with recurrent episodes of syncope for 3 days. The last syncope history occurred during an early morning walk, accompanied by dizziness and loss of consciousness. There was no clear history of chest pain at the time. He smoked one pack of cigarettes daily and frequently consume alcohol. Approximately 3 h after admission, echocardiography initially revealed normal systolic function; however, during the examination, the patient suddenly complained of dizziness and regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) territory were observed. Both RWMA and dizziness spontaneously improved within a few minutes. Emergency coronary angiography (CAG) was performed to confirm vasospasm. Coronary angiography revealed mild atherosclerosis of proximal LAD. After 3 min, he complained of dizziness and vague chest discomfort, and electrocardiogram revealed ST-segment elevation. We immediately performed angiography of the left coronary artery, and CAG revealed total occlusion of the proximal LAD without any provocation. After administration of intracoronary nitroglycerine, coronary flow was restored completely and ST-segment deviation normalized along with relief in chest discomfort. The patient’s symptoms have not recurred for 3 months while being on calcium channel blocker and long-acting nitrates.

Discussion
Coronary vasospasm can present as transient and dynamic myocardial ischaemia along with angina. Coronary vasospasm should always be considered in the differential diagnosis for syncope.
Case report: Metastatic cardiac calcifications in a patient with a history of rickets
Authors: Lopez Avecilla Matias , Corneli Mariana , Killinger Gisela , Rodriguez Correa Carlos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Metastatic cardiac calcifications are often seen in patients with renal failure and dialysis associated with vascular calcification and calcifications in other organs. There is little to no evidence of metastatic cardiac calcification in patients with a history of rickets.

Case summary
A 40-year-old patient with a history of rickets treated in infancy and no personal history of cardiovascular or renal disease came for a periodical examination. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed an important calcification in the mitral annulus and the mitro-aortic junction. Computed tomography (CT) showed marked calcification affecting the heart fibrous skeleton. Coronary arteries were not affected.

Discussion
Distribution of heart calcification seen both with echocardiography and CT is important to report so they can be identified as dystrophic or metastatic. These two have different aetiologies so the description may help identify the possible cause.
Compromised chitin synthesis in lager yeast affects its Congo red resistance and release of mannoproteins from the cells
Authors: Omura Fumihiko , Takagi Motoshige , Kodama Yukiko 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
A mutant lager strain resistant to the cell wall-perturbing agent Congo red (CR) was isolated and the genetic alterations underlying CR resistance were investigated by whole genome sequencing. The parental lager strain was found to contain three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc)-type CHS6 (CHitin Synthase-related 6) alleles, two of which have one or two nonsense mutations in the open reading frame, leaving only one functional allele, whereas the functional allele was missing in the isolated CR-resistant strain. On the other hand, the Saccharomyces eubayanus-type CHS6 alleles shared by both the parental and mutant strains appeared to contribute poorly to chitin synthase-activating function. Therefore, the CR resistance of the mutant strain was attributable to the overall compromised activity of CHS6 gene products. The CR-resistant mutant cells exhibited less chitin production on the cell surface and smaller amounts of mannoprotein release into the medium. All these traits, in addition to the CR resistance, were complemented by the functional ScCHS6 gene. It is of great interest whether the frequent nonsense mutations found in ScCHS6 open reading frame in lager yeast strains are a consequence of the domestication process of lager yeast.
An efficient approximate method for solving two-dimensional fractional optimal control problems using generalized fractional order of Bernstein functions
Authors: Ketabdari Ali , Farahi Mohammad Hadi , Effati Sohrab 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe define a new operational matrix of fractional derivative in the Caputo type and apply a spectral method to solve a two-dimensional fractional optimal control problem (2D-FOCP). To acquire this aim, first we expand the state and control variables based on the fractional order of Bernstein functions. Then we reduce the constraints of 2D-FOCP to a system of algebraic equations through the operational matrix. Now, one can solve straightforward the problem and drive the approximate solution of state and control variables. The convergence of the method in approximating the 2D-FOCP is proved. We demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the method by comparing the results obtained by the presented method with the results of previous methods in some examples.