bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Mycorrhizal Infection, Nodulation and Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Authors: Mansouri Lahouaria Mounia , Kheloufi Abdenour , Belatreche Rabah , Abdou Imene , Boukhatem Zineb Faiza , Nouzha Heleili 
Published: December 2020

Summary
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been the subject of a number of studies and has been described by many authors as a legume with low nitrogen fixing potential compared to other legume species. The first objective of this study is to assess the development and growth of P. vulgaris L. var. Djedida and its yield at different developmental stages (vegetative, flowering and fruiting), in the presence and absence of nitrogen fertilizer (Urea 46) in an arid climate and in a soil containing high level of CaCO3 and assimilable phosphorus. The second objective is to carry out a survey on nodulation, number of spores and mycorrhizal infection under these conditions. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer amendment is mainly significant (p< 0.0001) for various morphological parameters. Indeed, great improvement was observed on the majority of the morphological parameters with considerable percentages. However, no significant effect was reported for the roots length. In addition, a negligible number of nodules were obtained in the plot without fertilization and no significant effect on the number of spores was recorded. Furthermore, the effect of fertilization on the arbuscular intensity (a%, A%) and on mycorrhizal colonization (M%, m%) of the roots was found to be significant. The soil in the arid region of Biskra showed significant mycorrhizogenic potential, although the conditions in this region were not very favorable for their development, which could constitute an effective biological resource to improve the tolerance of host plants to biotic and abiotic constraints.
Communication management: strategy for measuring hotel performance in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Iwara Eja Eja , Inah Grace M. , Ushie Mike A. , Itu Prince-Charles O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Communication plays a very critical role in ensuring that hotel staffs render better and efficient service through a mutual sense for job satisfaction, career growth and service performance. This study, therefore, aims at evaluating the relationship between the strategies of communication and performance of hotels in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were sourced. Further, quasi-experimental research design was used for this study, while 180 questionnaires were distributed to sampled hotel staffs within the study area. This was achieved using a random sampling technique for questionnaire administration. It was hypothesised that there is no significant relationship between communication strategy and hotel performance in Port Harcourt. Meanwhile, Spearman rank order correlation coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to test and analyse the data collected. The output of the analysis reveals a positive correlation between communication strategy and hotel performance. Therefore, the alternate hypothesis was accepted and the null discarded. It was, therefore, fit to conclude that effective communication strategy will enhance the level of competitiveness and performance of the hotels in a general perspective.
Hikes and Levadas in Madeira: Characterizing Visitors and their experience
Authors: Prudente João , Lopes Helder , Noite João , Rodrigues Ana , Vieira Sara , Alves Ricardo , Fernando Catarina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent research indicates that more and more often tourists use the Madeira Natural Park (MNP) area to develop their physical activity, through mountain hiking and Levada walks. This study aims at identifying tourists’ characteristics and to understand how visitors live their experience. A survey was carried out at the end of two different activities and the sample was divided into two groups (G1: Levada Walks in the Laurissilva; G2: Walks outside the Laurissilva). The data was collected immediately after the activity ended (total: 293; male: 124; female: 169) and people were asked about: 1. Information available at the start of the activity; 2. Interaction and attention demand; 3. Natural area visited. The data indicates that the Madeira tourists have higher education, many are students and teachers, the majority being European. Our tourists are well informed about the natural environment and more than 90% agreed that it was ideal for aesthetic enjoyment and inspiring exploration. Our findings can help the tourist agents to improve their products, encourage the agencies to attract new markets outside Europe and can work as a basis for providing more guidance in the MNP, promoting a higher ‘flow experience’.
The Constitutional Hurdles to Exercise Secession Right and Arguments on its Inclusion in the Ethiopian Constitution
Authors: Shambel Teshale 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The right to self-determination is one of the human rights enshrined under the Ethiopian constitution. It is also one of the rights mentioned under ICCPR and ICESCR as well as the constitutions of different countries. Being unique to many other human rights instruments and constitutions in the world, the Ethiopian constitution includes the unconditional right to secession as a part of self-determination for every one of the ethnic groups (nations, nationalities, and people) in the country. As argued among many scholars, the inclusion of unconditional secession as a part of self-determination right in the Ethiopian constitution was based on the wrong narrative that nations, nationalities and people in the country were oppressed. Thus, it is a point of political debate between elites and became the major cause of widening the divergence among views of different political parties in the country. Of course, within the constitution, there are hurdles that can potentially deny exercising of this right. Therefore, this study qualitatively analyses the impracticability of secession and unacceptability of narratives to its inclusion in the constitution of the federal democratic republic of Ethiopia.
Advocating for the Protection of Rights of Children and Women in Nigeria: An Appraisal
Authors: Umejiaku Nneka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The protection of children and women in Nigeria is very critical because their integration in every sphere is a precedent to the growth and development of nations. However, they face diverse discrimination and violence because they are very vulnerable. The object of this study is to examine the rights of children and women by x-raying the various legal and institutional frameworks that provide for their rights, as well as dangers posed by taking their rights for granted. The work analyses factors that inhibit their protection and proffers a viable solution. In this paper, we adopt the doctrinal and empirical methods of legal research. The study discovers that despite a legion of legislation, children and women are exposed to many factors such as legal, social, economic, and obnoxious cultural practices. Further, the work reveals that inherent lapses are visible in our legal framework particularly the 1999 Constitution (as amended), Child‘s Rights Act and other relevant legislation. Accordingly, the work recommends for the eradication of factors that promote child and women abuse and review of relevant laws. The work further recommends for a serious synergy between the government and non-governmental organizations for the protection of children and women.
Comparative Legal Research-Building a Legal Attitude for a Transnational World
Authors: Ali Muhammad Imran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Comparative Legal Research (CLR) is a valuable tool for legal research because it expands the history of community experience. Understanding basic knowledge in different systems fills the knowledge gap. However, the principles of globalization and universal human rights require a greater role for systematic CLR. This article analyzes the role of comparative legal research in contemporary legal education. The discussion is based on the idea that it is useful to distinguish between the education of lawyers and the conduct of comparative legal research. Comparative law is a successful field of study that has ignited a growing interest in academic and legal education in recent decades. It is proposed to pay more attention to the comparative pedagogy of legal research in today's world, where law students must be prepared to function in a global context. While comparative academic research, the goal is to foster a deep cultural understanding of foreign law, but in legal education, the goal is to learn the spirit as an advocate. This article provides an overview of the key conceptual tools to tackle the problem of the comparative methodology by introducing the logical argument to help the researcher to filter his approach. A literature review method will adopt for this article.
Legal Barriers and Quality Compliance in the Business of Biofertilizers and Biopesticides in India
Authors: Arjjumend Hasrat , Koutouki Konstantia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Biofertilizers and biopesticides (together known as ‘biologicals’) hold the potential to increase farmers’ current agricultural productivity, while at the same time contributing to the soil’s ability to produce more in the future. However, the legal registration of microbial products and the operation of businesses dealing in biologicals face certain barriers, which ultimately affect the expansion and widespread use of these green products in Indian agriculture. By involving manufacturers, suppliers and traders of biologicals, as well as government officers dealing with biologicals in India, a study was conducted using participatory methods of semi-structured interviews, structured interviews and informal discussions. This article explores the participants’ perceptions and understanding of the barriers, obstacles and issues in the registration, licensing, proliferation and business operations surrounding the manufacturing, sale, trade, import, export, storage, use, and transport of microbial products. Numerous barriers to business and trade in microbial green products – biofertilizers and biopesticides – are identified. Nevertheless, certain weaknesses related to quality compliance and monitoring are also identified on the part of the manufacturers and suppliers of these biologicals, indicating that the government’s regulatory system must be more efficient and competent in handling these processes.
The Theory of Forms Without Substance a Romanian Legal Transplant Theory Ahead of its Time
Authors: Roghină Răzvan Cosmin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Comparative law and legal history show us that law is dynamic, always in continuous development, change, or mutation. This dynamic dimension has become a central concern for the comparative law scholars. The circulation of legal models in the world (e.g. legal transplant, legal transfer, legal borrowing, legal migration) is an evergreen issue. This phenomenon has provoked numerous doctrinal disputes, which have been encapsulated in complex theories on its possibilities and impossibilities. In the present article, we will not explore the many modern theories regarding legal transplantation (or under other metaphors). Instead, we will go back in time, in the second half of the nineteenth century, to explore an interesting Romanian theory that seems to have anticipated a series of modern ideas regarding the purpose, possibilities, and impossibilities of the circulation of legal models in the world. Following this approach, the main conclusion will be resumed to the idea that the Romanian theory of forms without substance can be integrated within the modern theories of legal transplant.
Occurrence of Marek’s disease in Poland on the basis of diagnostic examination in 2015–2018
Authors: Kozdruń Wojciech , Styś-Fijoł Natalia , Czekaj Hanna , Piekarska Karolina , Niczyporuk Jowita Samanta , Stolarek Agnieszka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Marek’s disease (MD) is a tumourous disease caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV) and most commonly described in poultry. The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of Marek’s disease virus infections in Poland and analyse clinical cases in the years 2015–2018.

Material and Methods
The birds for diagnostic examination originated from 71 poultry flocks of various types of production. Birds were subjected to anatomopathological examination post mortem, during which liver and spleen sections and other pathologically changed internal organs were taken. These sections were homogenised with generally accepted methods, then total DNA was isolated and amplified with a real-time PCR. A pair of primers complementary to the MDV genome region encoding the meq gene were used.

Results
MDV infection was found predominantly in broiler chicken flocks (69.01%), and also in layer breeder (9.85%) and commercial layer flocks (7.04% each).

Conclusion
The results of research conducted in the years 2015–2018 clearly indicate that the problem of MDV infections is still current.
Transhistorical Dialogue Concerning Images: Baltrušaitis and Kircher
Authors: Žukauskienė Odeta 
Published: December 2020

Summary
The article explores the works of Jurgis Baltrušaitis on depraved perspectives. In particular, it examines his references to Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher in the books dedicated to anamorphoses, aberrations, Egyptomania and distorting mirror’s reflections. The paper questions what led Baltrušaitis to the dialogue with the German visionary. The close reading of Baltrušaitis works reveals that in Kircher’s pre-modern thinking the art historian found those domains of between-the-two, communalities of art and science, art and nature, art and social imaginary that have become more important in postmodernist period. Kircher’s treatises, previously uninterpreted in the context of art history, encouraged the development of the broader studies of images focused on visual phenomena that remained for a long time outside the autonomous field of art history. Without privileging an aesthetic and evolutionary approach in art history, Baltrušaitis’ works reveal anthropological and ontological dimensions of images. They disclose that the image is always related to visual experience and imagination, which takes us beyond the horizon of reality.
Laibach and the Performance of Historical European Trauma
Authors: Bell Simon 
Published: December 2020

Summary
This paper reflects a study in how the Slovenian Performance Art collective the NSK (Neue Slowenische Kunst), and more specifically its sub-group Laibach, functioned as a ‘Memory machine’ in re-enacting historical European trauma in an apparent re-staging of the totalitarian ritual. In this way, Laibach demonstrate history as a contemporary active political agency of Eastern and Central Europe.
Shaped by the break-up of Yugoslavia, the NSK was a multi-disciplinary Gesamtkunstwerk primarily comprising three groups: IRWIN (visual arts), Noordung (theatre), and its most influential delivery system, Laibach (music). Championed by Slavoj Žižek, Laibach are Slovenia’s most famous cultural export, and are widely considered Europe’s most controversial music group. In 2017, Laibach caused further controversy for being the first ‘Western’ group to play North Korea.
With the strategy of Retrogardism, an aesthetic system unique to Eastern European aesthetic praxis, Laibach and the NSK re-mythologised totalitarian iconography associated with Nazi Kunst and Socialist Realism, which contemporary capitalism can only relate to as offensive kitsch.
From Visuality to Visibility: Regime, Capital, Media
Authors: Gaižutytė-Filipavičienė Žilvinė 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Visibility is a capacity to be seen by others directly or through images and can be defined as a total social fact, which includes different domains of collective life. As Italian sociologist Andrea Mubi Brighenti argues, visibility is a form of “visuality at large” and the visible entails more than the visual, more than the sensorially perceptible, which becomes clear when we consider the fact that the visual itself needs to be visibilised, and examine the ways in which this happens. In the last decades visibility in a social sphere and media was largely “capitalised”. According to French sociologist Nathalie Heinich, the visibility capitalis firmly entrenched within Western society, culture and media. Non-material capital of visibility differs from other non-material symbolical or cultural capitals in Bourdieusian sense. This new phenomenon includes all features of classical material capital. The capital of visibility is measurable, accumulated, transmissible, earning interest and convertible. It can be measured by number of fans, showing results in Google search, number of views in YouTube, number of followers in social media Instagram, Facebook or number of images in other mass media.
The cult of celebrity, the aspiration for visibility, and widespread practices of seeing within contemporary visual culture touched on many important social, political, cultural and intellectual spheres. Celebrity culture that arose out of the cinema industry underwent significant transformations, penetrated into existing social structures, fields and institutions. Visibility deeply changes cultural and intellectual life, influences our values and attitudes. The regime of visibility transforms social stratification by creating celebrities as a new social category called media elite. These persons are isolated from their original environment and placed in a context with its own logic and rules. These issues will be analysed using examples from the sphere of creative and cultural industries.
The Appropriation of the Husserlian Meaning of the Transcendental by Hermeneutic Phenomenology
Authors: Ferreira Acylene Maria Cabral 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our goal is to investigate the extent of the appropriation, by hermeneutic phenomenology, of the concept of transcendental at work in descriptive psychology, where it plays the role of a universal principle of the constitutive genesis of intentionality. We aim to clarify how the very mode of operation of Husserlian phenomenology is crucial to the elaboration of fundamental ontology. Our hypothesis is that intentionality leads Heidegger to the discovery of time as a transcendental principle, of being as an a priori, and of comprehensibility that enables the signification of entities in general as a previous structure of the a priori.
Why Relativity Needs Phenomenology? Eidetic-Relativistic Kinesthetics and Temporality in Husserl, Weyl and Einstein
Authors: Mastrobisi Giorgio Jules 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper claims that there is an epistemological evidence of an unavoidable gap between purely formal sciences (sciences of essences) and the empirical sciences for which they provide the foundation. A second key theme is the way that all empirical sciences are grounded in a pure science of essences. At the same time, I endeavour to explain how the insights Weyl gleaned from Husserl played an important role in his scientific work, and to show how Einstein’s major work exhibit important parallels to Weyl’s work, thereby establishing phenomenology both as an indirect historical influence and a systematic underpinning for Einstein’s work in theoretical physics. In so doing, this paper seeks to show how some of the most basic problems that Einstein addresses have a kinship not just to problems addressed in a completely different context by Husserl and his circle, but also to perennial problems in ontology and epistemology that go back to Kant, Hume and Leibniz. The conclusion highlights how phenomenology influenced Einstein, but also how Einstein’s work on relativity had an important influence on the work of the most important phenomenologist of the twentieth century, namely Husserl in his Crisis of European Sciences.
Ultrafiltration treatment of wastewater contained heavy metals complexed with palygorskite
Authors: Ren Jun , Cao Tianyi , Yang Xin , Tao Ling 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Palygorskite was applied in complexation-ultrafiltration treatment of heavy metals in wastewater under different pH and ionic strength. The results indicated that the rejection of heavy metals increased significantly with pH value, and decreased slightly with an increase of ionic strength of Na+ and Cl–. A certain concentration of NaCl significantly reduced the rejection rate of Cu2+. The rejection of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ could reach over 86.8%, 93.6% and 93.7% at pH of 7 and 0.1 mol/L NaCl. The rejection of heavy metals was severely affected by low molecular weight competing complexing agents and the effect of sodium tartrate was greater than triethanolamine. In the presence of sodium tartrate, the rejection of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ could arrive over 81.4%, 57.6% and 60.5% at pH of 7 in 20 min. Palygorskite was offered a potential complexing agent for the removal of heavy metals in wastewater at the complexation-ultrafiltration process.
Role of different lignin systems in polymers: mechanical properties and thermal stability
Authors: Hasan Gvlmira , Musajan Dilhumar , Hou Gong-bo , He Mingyu , Li Ying , Yimit Mamatjan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lignin was used to study the mechanical properties and thermal stability of polymers. The lignin was blended with three kinds of polymers, and the addition of lignin was 0.5 wt%. Under the condition of thermal oxidation, the thermal stability of lignin/polymer samples varies with the structure of lignin. The effects of lignin on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the polymers were investigated by oxidation induction time (OIT), rheological properties, mechanical properties and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the effect of lignin on the thermal properties of polymer samples is 2~3°C. It can be inferred that lignin can effectively improve the interaction between polymer molecular chain segments, and improve the crystallization rate and rigidity to a certain extent, so it can be seen that lignin has good compatibility and thermal stability.
Reduction and Biosorption of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by Acid-Modified Guava Seeds: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies
Authors: Ortíz-Gutiérrez Marel , Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva Ruth , Martínez-Miranda Verónica , Hernández-Cristóbal Orlando , Cortés-Martínez Raúl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of guava seeds (GS) and acid-modified guava seeds (MGS) for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions was investigated. Batch-type experiments were performed with Cr(VI) aqueous solutions and biosorbents to determine the kinetic and equilibrium sorption parameters. Results indicated that GS and MGS were capable of reducing and remove Cr(VI) from solutions, but the reduction was only observed at some experimental conditions. Infrared analysis showed that several functional groups were involved in the reduction, and biosorption of Cr(VI), particularly alcohol, phenolic, carboxylic, and methoxymethyl structures. The mechanisms of reduction and biosorption depended upon the type of biosorbent, pH, and temperature of the system. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the kinetic sorption data, and the Langmuir-Freundlich (L-F) model describes the isotherm data in most cases. Significantly high total chromium biosorption capacities were obtained. Acid modification of guava seeds improves chromium biosorption performance.