bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection of the left anterior descending artery in a patient with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Kumar Kris , Vogt Joshua C. , Divanji Punag H. , Cigarroa Joaquin E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 48‐year‐old woman with a past medical history of migraines and hyperlipidemia presented due to severe retrosternal chest pain with no other associated signs or symptoms. The patient was hemodynamically stable and was found to have an elevated troponin with electrocardiogram showing no ischemic changes. Computed tomography of the coronary arteries showed a left dominant system with dissection extending from the mid‐to‐distal left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The patient was subsequently discharged on medical therapy but returned 3 days later due to worsening chest pain. Electrocardiogram revealed inferior and anteroseptal ST segment changes with peak troponin of 14.9 ng/ml (reference range <0.80 ng/ml). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) nasopharyngeal swab was performed prior to urgent coronary angiogram. Coronary angiogram was performed with full personal protective equipment for respiratory and droplet precautions due to pending COVID‐19 testing results. Angiogram revealed spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) extending from the ostium of the LAD to the distal vessel. COVID‐19 testing returned positive while in intensive care unit. The patient was not a percutaneous coronary intervention candidate due to the extent of the dissection and was not a surgical candidate due to a lack of graftable target and medical management was continued. To our knowledge, this case is the first in which SCAD has been reported in the LAD in a patient with COVID‐19 with no other symptoms of respiratory illness or symptoms classically associated with the novel coronavirus. SCAD should be considered on the differential as one of the various cardiac manifestations of COVID‐19 infection.
Biogenic Catalysis by Adding Compost when Using Wheat Straw in a Biorefinery Concept
Authors: Beuel Patrick , Rieker Christiane , Bursche Jamile 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe high content of lignocellulose limits the biodegradability of wheat straw for bioenergy production. To counteract this fact, a thermobiological pretreatment was applied to improve the utilization of lignocellulose biomasses for a biorefinery concept. The use of compost assured the growth of cellulose‐degrading anaerobic microorganisms under thermophilic conditions. Results revealed a lignocellulose material degradation in all samples. Moreover, the combination of a thermobiological pretreatment under thermophilic conditions created a synergistic effect that accelerated the biomethanization of wheat straw due to the sugar compounds released during the biogenic catalysis.
All in One: A Comprehensive Goal and Indicator System for Smart Bioenergy
Authors: Szarka Nora , Schmid Christopher , Pfeiffer Diana , Thrän Daniela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOwing to the increasing challenges of climate change and limited resources, a bundle of requirements for bioenergy are given, such as securing the energy supply, linking with the material use of biomass, or producing negative emissions. Smart bioenergy generation and utilization can fulfil those requirements by the sustainable, efficient, and flexible provision of renewable energy. This study aims to thoroughly define and structure all contributions bioenergy can make to the energy system, in the form of a comprehensive multilevel goal and indicator system. The built system includes several levels of subgoals associated with biomass, with technology, and its integration. The goal system was verified by research project leaders and further experts and can be applied to any bioenergy concept worldwide.
Microreactor technology for synthesis of ethyl methyl oxalate from diethyl oxalate with methanol and its kinectics
Authors: Ji Guojing , Ding Jie , Zhong Qin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study focused on the performances and kinetics of the transesterification reaction of diethyl oxalate with methanol to prepare ethyl methyl oxalate via microreactor technology. The conversion of 79.8% of diethyl oxalate (DEO) and the selectivity of 65.9% of ethyl methyl oxalate (EMO) was obtained under the following optimized conditions: the mole ratio of methanol to diethyl oxalate was 3.3:1, the temperature was 35°C, the K2CO3 catalyst concentration was 15 mg/mL, and the residence time was 2.30 minutes. In the temperature range of 25°C to 38°C, the simplified dynamic model was found to obtain the reaction order (α = 2.30), frequency factor (k0 = 2.377 × 105), and apparent activation energy (E = 31.86 kJ/mol). The macroscopic dynamic equation was derived from the experimental result of the transesterification reaction of two feedstocks, which can be obtained through a series of calculations.
Integrated molecular profiling of young and elderly patients with triple‐negative breast cancer indicates different biological bases and clinical management strategies
Authors: Ma Ding , Jiang Yi‐Zhou , Xiao Yi , Xie Meng‐Dan , Zhao Shen , Jin Xi , Xu Xiao‐En , Shao Zhi‐Ming 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAge at the time of breast cancer diagnosis not only predicts clinical outcome but also indicates distinct molecular characteristics that provide the rationale for appropriate treatment strategies. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the molecular profile and biological basis of triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs) occurring in young and elderly patients.MethodsUsing the study institution's largest, single‐center, multiomics TNBC data set, the authors analyzed the clinical and genomic features of young (aged ≤39 years) and elderly (aged ≥65 years) patients with TNBC.ResultsIn the current study, a total of 50 patients, 354 patients, and 69 patients, respectively, were grouped as young, intermediate, and elderly patients with TNBC. Young patients with TNBC had worse short‐term survival, upregulation of DNA repair, cell cycle and RNA metabolism gene sets, frequent pathogenic germline variants, and predominant homologous recombination deficiency‐related mutational signatures. Several copy number alterations also were found to be enriched in young patients with TNBC. Nearly one‐half of the TNBC cases in elderly patients were of the luminal androgen receptor subtype. TNBC in elderly patients was identified as being associated with severe fibrosis; a lower Ki‐67 index; and somatic mutations in PIK3CA, KMT2D, ERBB2, ERBB3, and their corresponding pathways. Elderly patients with TNBC also were more likely to harbor targetable mutations.ConclusionsThe findings of the current study indicated that young patients with TNBC had an enhanced cell cycle, which may have helped to explain their inferior short‐term survival, whereas the homologous recombination deficiency and enriched pathogenic germline variants observed among young patients with TNBC suggested the need for genetic counseling and testing, as well as the potential use of DNA damage agents and poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Molecular characteristics of elderly patients with TNBC, although suggesting less response to chemotherapy, provided a rationale for the routine detection of actionable somatic mutations.
Bereaved parents' views on end‐of‐life care for children with cancer: Quality marker implications
Authors: Johnston Emily E. , Molina Jannelle , Martinez Isaac , Dionne‐Odom J. Nicholas , Currie Erin R. , Crowl Terra , Butterworth Lori , Chamberlain Lisa J. , Bhatia Smita , Rosenberg Abby R. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundEnd‐of‐life (EOL) quality markers in adult oncology include home death and intensive care unit avoidance. Corresponding markers are lacking in pediatric oncology. This study was aimed at describing bereaved parents' perspectives of high‐quality EOL care in pediatric oncology.MethodsThis study enrolled a convenience sample of 28 bereaved parents (English‐ or Spanish‐speaking) whose children (0‐21 years old) had died of cancer ≥6 months before. Semistructured interviews were conducted to elicit parental perceptions of medically intense/quality EOL care. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim (30 hours), and study team consensus and content analyses identified themes related to EOL quality markers. Related quotes were scored on a 5‐point Likert scale ranging from 1 (supported comfort care) to 5 (supported medically aggressive care).ResultsThe children died in 1998‐2017 at a mean age of 10 years (SD, 5.2 years); 50% had a solid tumor, and 46% were Spanish‐speaking. Themes included 1) home death preference (unless home support was inadequate; median score, 1.6), nonaggressive care (median score, 2.4), and continued anticancer therapy (median score, 3.2); 2) programs/policies that could alleviate barriers limiting a family's time with a dying child (visiting restrictions and financial strains); 3) the need to prepare the family for death (eg, what would happen to the child's body), and 4) perceived abandonment.ConclusionsThis is the first qualitative study to identify quality makers for children dying of cancer from bereaved parents' perspectives. Natural death is generally preferred, and quality measures that address barriers to parents' spending time with their children, a lack of preparation for the events surrounding death, and feelings of abandonment are critical. Future studies need to validate these findings and develop targeted interventions.
Napabucasin (BBI 608), a potent chemoradiosensitizer in rectal cancer
Authors: Nagaraju Ganji Purnachandra , Farran Batoul , Farren Matthew , Chalikonda Gayathri , Wu Christina , Lesinski Gregory B. , El‐Rayes Bassel F. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) represents a viable strategy for enhancing the activity of radiotherapy. The authors hypothesized that napabucasin would increase ROS via its ability to inhibit NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and potentiate the response to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer via distinct mechanisms.MethodProliferation studies, colony formation assays, and ROS levels were measured in HCT116 and HT29 cell lines treated with napabucasin, chemoradiation, or their combination. DNA damage (pγH2AX), activation of STAT, and downstream angiogenesis were evaluated in both untreated and treated cell lines. Finally, the effects of napabucasin, chemoradiotherapy, and their combination were assessed in vivo with subcutaneous mouse xenograft models.ResultsNapabucasin significantly potentiated the growth inhibition of chemoradiation in both cell lines. Napabucasin increased ROS generation. Inhibition of ROS by N‐acetylcysteine decreased the growth inhibitory effect of napabucasin alone and in combination with chemoradiotherapy. Napabucasin significantly increased pγH2AX in comparison with chemoradiotherapy alone. Napabucasin reduced the levels of pSTAT3 and VEGF and inhibited angiogenesis through an ROS‐mediated effect. Napabucasin significantly potentiated the inhibition of growth and blood vessel formation by chemoradiotherapy in mouse xenografts.ConclusionNapabucasin is a radiosensitizer with a novel mechanism of action: increasing ROS production and inhibiting angiogenesis. Clinical trials testing the addition of napabucasin to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer are needed.
Screening of 19,460 genotypes of wheat species for resistance to powdery mildew and identification of potential candidates using focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS)
Authors: Vikas V. K. , Kumar Sundeep , Archak Sunil , Tyagi R. K. , Kumar Jagdish , Jacob Sherry , Sivasamy M. , Jayaprakash P. , Saharan M.S. , Basandrai A. K. , Basandrai Daisy , Srinivasan Kalyani , Radhamani J. , Parimalan R. , Tyagi Sandhya , Kumari Jyoti , Singh Amit Kumar , Peter John , Nisha Rebekah , Yadav Mamata , Kumari Jyotisna , Dhillon H.K. , Chauhan Divya , Sharma Shivani , Chaurasia Shiksha , Sharma R. K. , Dutta M. , Singh G. P. , Bansal K. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPowdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis (DC). E.U. Speer f.sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Syn. Erysiphe gramnis DC f.sp. tritici, Em. Marchal) is one of the important diseases of wheat worldwide. A comprehensive evaluation of wheat germplasm accessions (19,460) conserved in the National Genebank of ICAR–National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources was conducted to identify sources of resistance to PM. Accessions belonging to the three wheat species—bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) (15,944), durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) (3,359), and emmer wheat (T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl.) (157)—were screened at Wellington, a hotspot location for PM, for two consecutive seasons. Screening results indicated that 7271 (45%) from bread wheat, 756 (22%) from durum wheat, and 22 (14%) from emmer were resistant. Out of 8094 PM‐resistant accessions, 60% were indigenous, while majority of the 40% exotic were from CIMMYT. Focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS), which identifies a set of similar plant genotypes with a greater possibility of containing specific target traits, was used to form a subset of 52 accessions (from 19,460) that have the potential to contain new PM resistance genes. Resistant accessions identified in the study have enriched the existing gene pool for PM resistance in wheat and will serve as a potential source for resistance in future.
Application of the Cottonscope for determining fiber maturity and fineness of an upland cotton MAGIC population
Authors: Kim Hee Jin , Delhom Christopher D. , Fang David D. , Zeng Linghe , Jenkins Johnie N. , McCarty Jack C. , Jones Don C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFineness and maturity are two cotton (Gossypium spp.) fiber properties that respectively estimate the fiber diameter and degree of internal fiber thickening. Cotton researchers have been searching for accurate and efficient ways of measuring them due to their important roles in lint yield, fiber quality, and downstream textile performance. The recent development of the Cottonscope has offered an improved way of quantitatively assessing fineness and maturity based on the tests with reference cotton materials composed of clean and homogenous fibers. However, cotton geneticists and breeders have not widely adopted the new technology, since it has not been tested with a genetic population consisting of a large number of fiber samples with high levels of variations within a sample and among replicates. Thus, we measured a multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population using the Cottonscope in comparison with a conventional Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS). Comparative analyses showed a correlation of the fineness values between AFIS and Cottonscope, but a discrepancy in the maturity ratio values between them. Extensive phenotypic analyses suggested that Cottonscope technology using snippets and a normalization with a fiber width might help improve the accuracy of maturity from various fiber samples of the MAGIC population. The information may help cotton scientists measuring and interpreting fiber maturity from experimental materials for genetic and genomic analyses.
Social interaction in the emergence of toddler’s mealtime spoon use
Authors: Nonaka Tetsushi , Stoffregen Thomas A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of a spoon for eating is among the important daily skills in early development. The article provides an analysis of how caregiver–toddler interactions guides the attention of toddlers who were first learning how to use a spoon to spoon‐related action opportunities that were relevant to the mealtime context. Our analysis revealed several related results. First, caregivers often manipulated objects on the table (i.e., food and dishes), and toddlers were more likely than chance to use their spoon to contact food immediately after watching these caregiver manipulations. Second, toddlers looked more often at the caregiver's hand than at their face. Third, toddlers tended to look at the caregiver's hand when the caregiver was manipulating objects on the table, and after these looks, toddlers were more likely than chance to contact food with their spoon. Finally, the toddlers’ choices about when to look at the caregiver were influenced by their own behavior, as if they wanted to know how the caregiver would react to what they had done. We discuss these results in terms of the learning of socially promoted action opportunities for meal‐related spoon use.
Exhaled breath acetone for predicting cardiac and overall mortality in chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Marcondes‐Braga Fabiana G. , Gioli‐Pereira Luciana , Bernardez‐Pereira Sabrina , Batista Guilherme L. , Mangini Sandrigo , Issa Victor S. , Fernandes Fabio , Bocchi Edimar A. , Ayub‐Ferreira Silvia M. , Mansur Alfredo J. , Gutz Ivano G.R. , Krieger Jose E. , Pereira Alexandre C. , Bacal Fernando 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsExhaled breath acetone (EBA) has been described as a new biomarker of heart failure (HF) diagnosis. EBA concentration increases according to severity of HF and is associated with poor prognosis, especially in acute decompensated HF. However, there are no data on chronic HF patients. The aim is to evaluate the role of EBA for predicting cardiac and overall mortality in chronic HF patients.Methods and resultsIn GENIUS‐HF cohort, chronic patients were enrolled between August 2012 and December 2014. All patients had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 50%, and the diagnosis was established according to Framingham criteria. After consent, patients were submitted to clinical evaluation and exhaled breath collection. EBA identification and quantitative determination were done by spectrophotometry. The clinical characteristics associated with acetone were identified. All participants were followed for 18 months to assess cardiac and overall mortality. Around 700 participants were enrolled in the current analysis. Patients were 55.4 ± 12.2 years old, 67.6% male patients, and 81% New York Heart Association I/II with left ventricular ejection fraction of 32 ± 8.6%. EBA median concentration was 0.6 (0.3–1.2) ug/L. Acetone levels increased with the number of symptoms of HF and were associated with right HF signs/symptoms and liver biochemical changes. EBA at highest quartile (EBA > 1.2ug/L) was associated with a significantly worse prognosis (log rank test, P < 0.001). Cox proportional multivariable regression model revealed that EBA > 1.20ug/L was an independent predictor of cardiac (P = 0.011) and overall (P = 0.010) mortality in our population.ConclusionsThis study shows that EBA levels reflect clinical HF features, especially right HF signs/symptoms. EBA is an independent predictor of cardiac and overall mortality in chronic HF patients.
IgE‐mediated regulation of IL‐10 and type I IFN enhances rhinovirus‐induced Th2 differentiation by primary human monocytes
Authors: Rowe Regina K. , Pyle David M. , Farrar J. David , Gill Michelle A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRhinovirus (RV) infections are linked to the development and exacerbation of allergic diseases including allergic asthma. IgE, another contributor to atopic disease pathogenesis, has been shown to regulate DC antiviral functions and influence T cell priming by monocytes. We previously demonstrated that IgE‐mediated stimulation of monocytes alters multiple cellular functions including cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, and influenza‐induced Th1 development. In this study, we investigate the effects of IgE‐mediated stimulation on monocyte‐driven, RV‐induced T cell development utilizing primary human monocyte‐T cell co‐cultures. We demonstrate that IgE crosslinking of RV‐exposed monocytes enhances monocyte‐driven Th2 differentiation. This increase in RV‐induced Th2 development was regulated by IgE‐mediated inhibition of virus‐induced type I IFN and induction of IL‐10. These findings suggest an additional mechanism by which two clinically significant risk factors for allergic disease exacerbations—IgE‐mediated stimulation and rhinovirus infection—may synergistically promote Th2 differentiation and allergic inflammation.
The N2pc component as a neural index of early attention allocation among adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Yanci , Gozli Davood , Xiang Yu‐Tao , Jackson Todd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent evidence from event‐related potentials (ERPs) has identified N2 posterior contralateral (pc) amplitudes as a neural marker of early attention allocation. The N2pc has been used to evaluate attention biases (ABs) in samples with anxiety‐based problems, but its utility has yet to be considered among persons with chronic pain, another group theorized to display ABs that perpetuate their difficulties. To address this gap, we assessed N2pc responses of adults with chronic pain (N = 70) and pain‐free controls (N = 70) during a dot‐probe task comprising painful‐neutral and happy‐neutral facial expression image pairs. Analyses indicated that (1) larger N2pc amplitudes were elicited by both painful and happy expressions compared to complementary neutral expressions in each sample, (2) the chronic pain sample displayed larger N2pc amplitudes during exposure to both painful and happy expressions than controls did and (3) no group differences were evident for N2pc latencies. Overall N2pc results reflected general biases in early allocation of attention towards affectively valenced expressions rather than pain‐specific ABs among chronic pain cohorts.SignificanceAlthough numerous researchers have examined pain‐related attention biases, these data are based exclusively upon behavioural measures of attention such as reaction times and eye movements. Drawing from relevant event‐related potentials research, this study is the first to evaluate and identify differences in orienting of attention between adults with chronic pain and pain‐free controls based on N2 posterior contralateral (pc) amplitudes which provide a neural index of early attention allocation.