bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophic ecology of Caribbean sponges in the mesophotic zone
Authors: Macartney Keir J. , Slattery Marc , Lesser Michael P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSponges are a crucial component of Caribbean coral reef ecosystem structure and function. In the Caribbean, many sponges show a predictable increase in percent cover or abundance as depth increases from shallow (< 30 m) to mesophotic (30–150 m) depths. Given that sponge abundances are predicted to increase in the Caribbean as coral cover declines, understanding ecological factors that control their distribution is critical. Here we assess if sponge cover increases as depth increases into the mesophotic zone for three common Caribbean reef sponges, Xestospongia muta, Agelas tubulata, and Plakortis angulospiculatus, and use stable isotope analyses to determine whether shifts in trophic resource utilization along a shallow to mesophotic gradient occurred. Ecological surveys show that all target sponges significantly increase in percent cover as depth increases. Using bulk stable isotope analysis, we show that as depth increases there are increases in the δ13C and δ15N values, reflecting that all sponges consumed more heterotrophic picoplankton, with low C:N ratios in the mesophotic zone. However, compound‐specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA‐AA) shows that there are species‐specific increases in δ13CAA and δ15NAA values. Xestospongia muta and P. angulospiculatus showed a reduced reliance on photoautotrophic resources as depth increased, while A. tubulata appears to rely on heterotrophy at all depths. The δ13CAA and δ15NAA values of these sponges also reflect species‐specific patterns of host utilization of both POM and dissolved organic matter (DOM), its subsequent re‐synthesis, and translocation, by their microbiomes.
Corrosion behaviour of Cu–2Ti and Cu–2Zr (wt%) alloys in neutral aerated sodium chloride solution
Authors: Rosalbino Francesco , Scavino Giorgio , Macciò Daniele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe corrosion behaviour of Cu–2Ti and Cu–2Zr (wt%) alloys has been assessed by open‐circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements carried out in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, at approximately neutral pH, without stirring and in contact with the air. For comparison, the electrochemical tests have also been carried out on unalloyed Cu. Electrochemical impedance results showed that Ti and Zr alloying additions significantly increased the corrosion resistance of copper, the best behaviour being observed for the Cu–2Zr alloy. This improvement may be ascribed to the formation of Ti‐ or Zr‐enriched passive layer, which exhibits higher protective effectiveness compared with that of unalloyed Cu.
Large‐Area, Conformal, and Uniform Synthesis of Hybrid Polymeric Film via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kim Min Ju , Jeong Jaejoong , Lee Tae In , Kim Jihye , Tak Yongduk , Park Hyeongsang , Im Sung Gap , Cho Byung Jin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHybrid organic‐inorganic polymeric films are widely used in various areas, for encapsulation, dielectrics, super‐hydrophobic surfaces, membranes, and other applications, because of the features of their organic and inorganic components. The initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process is developed to synthesize hybrid polymeric films via this approach. However, the conventional iCVD process is based on laminar injection, and has difficulty depositing hybrid films with uniform thickness and composition over the large areas required by industry. In this work, the geometry of the iCVD chamber is newly designed to enable conformal and uniform deposition over an 8‐inch area, using a dual showerhead structure injection system. The inorganic concentration and deposition rate can be linearly controlled by adjusting the flow ratio of the inorganic precursor and organic monomer, up to 25% and 2.75 nm min−1, respectively. In addition, the dual showerhead injector reduces the source consumption by 37%, compared to a conventional laminar flow iCVD chamber, while depositing a film with the same thickness and composition. The surface roughness of the entire 8‐inch area is less than 0.6 nm, showing that very uniform and homogeneous hybrid polymeric films can be successfully synthesized over a large area. In addition, the variation in electrical capacitance between metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure devices is measured, and is within 4.1% over the entire wafer for films deposited with the dual showerhead chamber, compared with 30% for the conventional iCVD chamber. The iCVD process with the dual showerhead structure enables the synthesis of conformal and uniform hybrid polymeric films over a large‐scale area with lower source consumption, compared to conventional iCVD.
Fabrication of a Bio‐Based Superhydrophobic and Flame‐Retardant Cotton Fabric for Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Luo Yaofa , Wang Shuang , Fu Xihan , Du Xiaosheng , Wang Haibo , Zhou Mi , Cheng Xu , Du Zongliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is an urgent task to develop environmentally friendly and flame retardant durable oil–water separation materials. A green TA/B@PDA coating derived from bio‐based materials such as tannic acid (TA), borax (B), and polydopamine (PDA) is deposited on cotton fabric through facile dip‐coating method and step‐by‐step assembly method. A series of methods are used to characterize the as‐prepared cotton fabric. PDA provides a reactive interface, while n‐dodecyl mercaptan enhances the hydrophobicity of the surface with a water contact angle (WCA) and shedding angle (SA) of 153.3° ± 1.2° and 9° ± 0.8°, respectively. The as‐prepared fabric exhibits outstanding oil/water separation efficiency (>98.5%) for various types of oil, and wear resistivity, washability, and reusability. Meanwhile, combustion test and limit oxygen index (LOI) test show that the modified fabric has excellent flame retardant performance. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) indicates that compared with the pristine cotton fabric, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the TA/B@PDA cotton is decreased by 50% and 32%, respectively. Through the analysis of char residues, the flame retardant mechanism is studied. This method provides a general green way for the construction of superhydrophobic surfaces, and can be further applied to the broad fields of durable oil–water separation.
Synthesis, Characterization, Speciation, and Biological Studies on Metal Chelates of Carbohydrates with Molecular Docking Investigation
Authors: Khalf‐Alla Perihan A. , Basta Altaf H. , Lotfy Vivian F. , Hassan Safaa S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe role of starch aerogel (St‐AG) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as biolgical active compounds, when they subjected for complexation with metal ions, is assessed in this work. The complexation is carried out with palladium(II) and copper(II) ions, in solid state. Different tools of analysis are carried out to characterize and elucidate the structures of these complexes, namely: elemental analysis, IR, thermal analysis, magnetic measurement and molar conductance techniques. All synthesized complexes are formed with 1:2 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry except the case of aerogel starch 1:1 (Pd:starch). All isolated complexes show a satisfactory cytotoxic effect results against colon cancer cell lines HCT11. Additionally, these complexes are screened for their antibacterial activities against two types of Gram positive and negative bacteria. Molecular docking investigation confirmed the cytotoxicity and antibacterial results. Proton–ligands association constants and their complex formation constants with some bivalent metal ions, using potentiometric method show that the complexes formed in solution have a stoichiometry of 1:1 [metal:ligand]. The effects of metal ion, ionic radius, electronegativity and nature of ligand on the formation constants are discussed. The formation constants of the complexes with 3D transition metals followed the order Mn2+ < Co2+ < Ni2+ < Cu2+ > Zn2+.
"I Like Your Suggestion!" the role of humanlikeness and parasocial relationship on the website versus voice shopper's perception of recommendations
Authors: Whang Claire , Im Hyunjoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVoice assistants are changing the way consumers shop. Guided by the anthropomorphism literature and parasocial interaction theory, this study investigated how the new unique relationship between consumers and artificial intelligence‐powered voice assistants may affect the way consumers evaluate the recommended products through two experiments. Study 1 (n = 85, students) employed a 2 (shopping medium type: voice assistant vs. website) × 2 (interaction style: task‐oriented vs. socially‐oriented) between‐subjects design lab experiment. Study 2 (n = 418, Mechanical Turk) employed a 2 (shopping medium type: voice assistant vs. website) × 2 (product type: search vs. experience) between‐subjects online experiment. The results suggested that consumers may perceive voice assistants as pseudohuman agents detached from the service provider while perceiving websites as a tool or interface used by the provider, resulting in a more positive perception and evaluation of websites. As one of the few studies investigating voice assistants from the consumer perspective, this study contributes to the growing body of research in voice assistants. The study also contributes to anthropomorphism literature and parasocial interaction theory by confirming the causal relationship between humanlikeness and parasocial relationships.
Defective INPP5E distribution in NPHP1‐related Senior–Loken syndrome
Authors: Ning Ke , Song Emilie , Sendayen Brent E. , Prosseda Philipp P. , Chang Kun‐Che , Ghaffarieh Alireza , Alvarado Jorge A. , Wang Biao , Haider Kathryn M. , Berbari Nicolas F. , Hu Yang , Sun Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSenior–Loken syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that presents with nephronophthisis and retinal degeneration, leading to end‐stage renal disease and progressive blindness. The most frequent cause of juvenile nephronophthisis is a mutation in the nephronophthisis type 1 (NPHP1) gene. NPHP1 encodes the protein nephrocystin‐1, which functions at the transition zone (TZ) of primary cilia.MethodsWe report a 9‐year‐old Senior–Loken syndrome boy with NPHP1 deletion, who presents with bilateral vision decrease and cystic renal disease. Renal function deteriorated to require bilateral nephrectomy and renal transplant. We performed immunohistochemistry, H&E staining, and electron microscopy on the renal sample to determine the subcellular distribution of ciliary proteins in the absence of NPHP1.ResultsImmunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the resected kidney showed disorganized cystic structures with loss of cilia in renal tubules. Phosphoinositides have been recently recognized as critical components of the ciliary membrane and immunostaining of kidney sections for phosphoinositide 5‐phosphatase, INPP5E, showed loss of staining compared to healthy control. Ophthalmic examination showed decreased electroretinogram consistent with early retinal degeneration.ConclusionThe decreased expression of INPP5E specifically in the primary cilium, coupled with disorganized cilia morphology, suggests a novel role of NPHP1 that it is involved in regulating ciliary phosphoinositide composition in the ciliary membrane of renal tubular cells.
A wideband dual‐polarized magneto‐electric dipole antenna for millimeter wave applications
Authors: Wu Fan , Xiang Lei , Jiang Zhihao , Yu Chao , Hong Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a wideband dual‐polarized magneto‐electric (ME) dipole antenna with modified electric‐dipole structure is proposed based on the cost‐effective printed circuit board (PCB) technology for millimeter‐wave (mmW) applications. A 3D‐meandered electric‐dipole design is adopted to enlarge the operating bandwidth without increasing the physical volume and footprint of the antenna structure. The developed dual‐polarized antenna element demonstrates a wide overlapped impedance bandwidth of 54.5%, a decent isolation no less than 22 dB as well as stable radiation characteristics over the frequency band of interest. For proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a 2 × 2 dual‐polarized ME‐dipole array is designed, implemented, and measured. An overlapped impedance bandwidth of 46.3% (24.1–38.6 GHz), a gain up to 13 dBi, and nearly symmetric radiation patterns in the two main planes are experimentally obtained. The proposed dual‐polarized antenna array possesses the advantages of wide operational band, low cost, ease of integration, and stable radiation characteristics that would be of interest for mmW applications.
Toward nonparametric diffusion‐ characterization of crossing fibers in the human brain
Authors: Reymbaut Alexis , Critchley Jeffrey , Durighel Giuliana , Sprenger Tim , Sughrue Michael , Bryskhe Karin , Topgaard Daniel 
Published: December 2020

PurposeTo estimate for each distinct fiber population within voxels containing multiple brain tissue types.MethodsA diffusion‐ correlation experiment was carried out in an in vivo human brain using tensor‐valued diffusion encoding and multiple repetition times. The acquired data were inverted using a Monte Carlo algorithm that retrieves nonparametric distributions of diffusion tensors and longitudinal relaxation rates . Orientation distribution functions (ODFs) of the highly anisotropic components of were defined to visualize orientation‐specific diffusion‐relaxation properties. Finally, Monte Carlo density‐peak clustering (MC‐DPC) was performed to quantify fiber‐specific features and investigate microstructural differences between white matter fiber bundles.ResultsParameter maps corresponding to ’s statistical descriptors were obtained, exhibiting the expected contrast between brain tissue types. Our ODFs recovered local orientations consistent with the known anatomy and indicated differences in between major crossing fiber bundles. These differences, confirmed by MC‐DPC, were in qualitative agreement with previous model‐based works but seem biased by the limitations of our current experimental setup.ConclusionsOur Monte Carlo framework enables the nonparametric estimation of fiber‐specific diffusion‐ features, thereby showing potential for characterizing developmental or pathological changes in within a given fiber bundle, and for investigating interbundle differences.
Comparison of data‐driven and general temporal constraints on compressed sensing for breast DCE MRI
Authors: Wang Ping N. , Velikina Julia V. , Strigel Roberta M. , Henze Bancroft Leah C. , Samsonov Alexey A. , Cashen Ty A. , Wang Kang , Kelcz Frederick , Johnson Kevin M. , Korosec Frank R. , Ersoz Ali , Holmes James H. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeCurrent breast DCE‐MRI strategies provide high sensitivity for cancer detection but are known to be insufficient in fully capturing rapidly changing contrast kinetics at high spatial resolution across both breasts. Advanced acquisition and reconstruction strategies aim to improve spatial and temporal resolution and increase specificity for disease characterization. In this work, we evaluate the spatial and temporal fidelity of a modified data‐driven low‐rank‐based model (known as MOCCO, model consistency condition) compressed‐sensing (CS) reconstruction compared to CS with temporal total variation with radial acquisition for high spatial‐temporal breast DCE MRI.MethodsReconstruction performance was characterized using numerical simulations of a golden‐angle stack‐of‐stars breast DCE‐MRI acquisition at 5‐second temporal resolution. Specifically, MOCCO was compared with CS total variation and conventional SENSE reconstructions. The temporal model for MOCCO was prelearned over the source data, whereas CS total variation was performed using a first‐order temporal gradient sparsity transform.ResultsThe MOCCO reconstruction was able to capture rapid lesion kinetics while providing high image quality across a range of optimal regularization values. It also recovered kinetics in small lesions (1.5 mm) in line‐profile analysis and error images, whereas g‐factor maps showed relatively low and constant values with no significant artifacts. The CS‐TV method demonstrated either recovery of high spatial resolution with reduced temporal accuracy using large regularization values, or recovery of rapid lesion kinetics with reduced image quality using low regularization values.ConclusionSimulations demonstrated that MOCCO with radial acquisition provides a robust imaging technique for improving temporal fidelity, while maintaining high spatial resolution and image quality in the setting of bilateral breast DCE MRI.
The correlation analysis between the appearance anxiety and personality traits of the medical staff on nasal and facial pressure ulcers during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak
Authors: Kong Xiaodi , Cao Yong , Luo Xiaonian , He Lianxiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the psychological status of medical staff with medical device‐related nasal and facial pressure ulcers (MDR PUs) during the outbreak of COVID‐19, analyse the correlation between their psychological status and personality traits, so as to provide a reference for personalized psychological support.DesignA total of 207 medical staff who were treating the COVID‐19 epidemic from Hunan and Hubei provinces were enrolled in this analytic questionnaire‐based study.MethodsWe used these measures: Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale (EPQ‐RSC), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and demographic information forms online.ResultsMedical staff wearing protective equipment are particularly susceptible to nasal and facial MDR PUs, which is increasing their social appearance anxiety; neuroticism is significantly related to social appearance anxiety and negative emotion. We should pay more attention to their psychological state, cultivate good personality characteristics and reduce negative emotions, and thereby alleviate their MDR PUs‐related appearance anxiety.
A cross‐case comparison of the trauma and orthopaedic hospital experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities using interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Drozd Mary , Chadwick Darren , Jester Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo present the cross‐case comparison component of a qualitative study exploring and describing the experiences of adults with an intellectual disability who have received trauma and orthopaedic hospital care for musculoskeletal conditions or injuries in the United Kingdom.DesignA qualitative, exploratory study was conducted using 1:1 semi‐structured interviews to describe the lived experiences of trauma and orthopaedic hospital care from the perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities and a carer of a person with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were applied.ResultsThere were common and interconnected experiences across the five participants: communication challenges; lack of person‐centred care; issues related to pain management; lack of confidence in hospital care; the valuable support and expertise of carers; and incompetence of hospital staff and isolation and loneliness.
Efficacy and safety of guanfacine extended‐release in Japanese adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Exploratory post hoc subgroup analyses of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Naya Noriyuki , Sakai Chika , Okutsu Daiki , Kiguchi Ryo , Fujiwara Masakazu , Tsuji Toshinaga , Iwanami Akira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimPreviously, we reported on the efficacy and safety of guanfacine extended‐release (GXR) in Japanese adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from a phase 3, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial. In this exploratory post hoc analysis, we assessed the efficacy and/or safety of GXR in the following subgroups: ADHD‐combined (ADHD‐C) and ADHD‐predominantly inattentive (ADHD‐I) subtypes, age (≥31, <31 years), sex (male, female), and body weight (≥50, <50 kg).MethodsThe primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in the Japanese version of the investigator‐rated ADHD‐Rating Scale‐IV (ADHD‐RS‐IV) with adult prompts (total scores) at week 10.ResultsThe efficacy analysis population included 200 patients (GXR, 100; placebo, 100). ADHD‐RS‐IV total score effect sizes (GXR vs placebo) were similar across all subgroups (total population: 0.52, ADHD‐C: 0.51, ADHD‐I: 0.52, ≥31 years: 0.61, <31 years: 0.47, male: 0.50, female: 0.57). There were no major differences in the incidence/types of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) across the subgroups. The incidence of significant TEAEs (34.3%, 10.6%) and TEAEs leading to discontinuation (34.3%, 12.1%) were approximately three times higher in females than males, respectively. The incidence of TEAEs in patients weighing <50 kg and ≥50 kg was 100% and 73.6% during dose optimization and 40% and 24.4% during the maintenance period, respectively.ConclusionFindings from this post hoc analysis in adults with ADHD support the efficacy and safety of GXR regardless of ADHD subtype, age, or sex and suggest that careful monitoring for TEAEs and GXR dose optimization is considered for all patients, as needed.
Training future agriculture professionals in landowner–tenant conservation decision‐making
Authors: Basche Andrea , Carter Angie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe landowner–tenant relationship is important to the implementation of conservation on agricultural lands. Women own or co‐own a significant portion of U.S. farmland yet are underrepresented in conservation research. The next generation of agriculture professionals can benefit from first‐hand experience in assisting women landowners and their tenants in navigating the complexities of conservation decision‐making. This article analyzes undergraduate student perceptions of landowner–tenant relationships in conservation management through their engagement in case studies with women landowner–tenant pairs in the Western Corn Belt. Student groups were asked to complete a management improvement plan that both incorporated the agronomic and conservation goals discussed by the landowners and tenants, following a field trip and interviews with the landowners, tenants, and other key stakeholders. Assessment data included a quantitative survey of career goals and conservation attitudes, qualitative reflections at start and end of course, and autoethnographic observations. The case studies presented students with new knowledge challenging previously held assumptions, leading some students to reconsider landowner–tenant relationships and conservation decision‐making. However, students returned to existing gendered norms and production‐oriented stereotypes when applying this knowledge in real‐world farm management plans. Although students gained firsthand valuable experience from the case studies, a one‐semester case study was insufficient to significantly shift student perceptions. We recommend that more curricular experiences incorporate the complexities of agricultural decision‐making to better equip future agricultural professionals with skills to ensure environmental and social sustainability outcomes.