bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplants in the Knee: Bipolar and Beyond
Authors: Stannard James P. , Stannard James T. , Schreiner Anna J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKnee patients who have sustained chondral and osteochondral lesions suffer from debilitating pain, which can ultimately lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis and whole-joint disease. Older, nonactive patients are traditionally steered toward total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but younger, active patients are not good candidates for TKA based on implant longevity, complications, morbidity, and risk for revision, such that treatment strategies at restoring missing hyaline cartilage and bone are highly desired for this patient population. Over the past four decades, fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation has been developed as a treatment method for large (> 2.5 cm2) focal full-thickness articular cartilage lesions. This article documents our own institutional OCA journey since 2016 through enhanced graft preservation techniques (the Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System, or MOPS), technical improvements in surgical techniques, use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate, bioabsorbable pins and nails, and prescribed and monitored patient-specific rehabilitation protocols. Further follow-up with documentation of long-term outcomes will provide insight for continued optimization for future applications for OCA transplantation, potentially including a broader spectrum of patients appropriate for this treatment. Ongoing translational research is necessary to blaze the trail in further optimizing this treatment option for patients.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activity of the Chitosan/Chlorhexidine Gel Commercial Preparation for Postexodontia Treatment: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Torres-Rosas Rafael , Torres-Gómez Nayely , Moreno-Rodríguez Adriana , García-Contreras René , Argueta-Figueroa Liliana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to assess in vitro the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and the expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of Bexident post topical gel (BP).
Materials and Methods The broth dilution test was performed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of BP against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus mutans. Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were assessed. Cytotoxic activity was performed by the MTT (tetrazolium dye) method on human gingival fibroblast (HGF), human bone cells (HBC), and human pulp cells (HPC) (from primary cell culture) and HGF-1 from American Type Culture Collection. The expression of PGE2 produced by RAW 264.7 cells was determined by ELISA utilizing an Enzyme Immuno-Assay Kit.
Statistical Analysis Shapiro–Wilks normality test and Mann–Whitney U test were performed for all data.
Results The MBCs of BP for S. aureus, E. coli, and S. mutans were found at 25, 50, and 12.5%, respectively. The MICs for the same strains were found at 12.5, 25, and 3.125%. The CC50 of BP gel for HBC, HPC, and HGF, and HGF-1 were 12.5 ± 1.09, 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.35 ± 0.02, and 20.4 ± 0.02%, respectively. The levels of expression PGE2 produced by RAW 264.7 cells treated with IL-1β exhibit an inverse dose-dependent effect on the concentrations of BP gel used.
Conclusion Our results indicate that the BP gel has a great antibacterial effect, adequate biocompatibility, showing a decrease in the expression of PGE2 on cells with previously induced inflammation. Due to the above, its use as a healing agent after oral surgery seems to be adequate.
The translation of reporting verbs in Italian
Authors: Mastropierro Lorenzo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on a study of reporting verbs in the Harry Potter series and their translation
in Italian. It offers quantitative and qualitative perspectives on how the English verbs have been translated by two Italian
translators, who worked on different books of the series. This study first analyses verb usage across the three protagonists of
the series (Harry, Ron, and Hermione) in English and Italian; then, it employs Caldas-Coulthard’s (1987) taxonomy of reporting verbs and compares verb categories between source and target texts to
identify tendencies in the translation of this textual feature. It finally discusses the stylistic implications of translation
alterations and their potential effect on character development. As such, this paper contributes not only to the limited
literature on reporting verbs in translation (especially in Italian), but it also furthers the understanding of the role of
reporting verbs as a characterisation device.
Impact of coal power generation on the characteristics and risk of heavy metal pollution in nearby soil
Authors: Zhang Yiqun , Wu Di , Wang Chenxing , Fu Xiao , Wu Gang 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction

The development of coal power base (CPB) poses a severe challenge to the soil. We conducted a soil survey in Xilinhot CPB, to evaluate and analyze the pollution characteristics, potential ecological risk, and sources of six heavy metals (As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cd) in soil by using Geo-accumulation index, revised Nemerow integrated pollution index (RNIPI), and potential ecological risk index (RI).
Outcomes/other
: The results showed that the pollution of Cd and As were dramatic. The mean of Cd and As were 1.11 mg·kg
-1
and 25.13 mg·kg
-1
, which were 42.55 times and 4.41 times higher than its local background value. The Geo-accumulation indices showed the contamination degree of Cd was strong and As was moderate, and the status of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mn were uncontaminated. Xilinhot was strongly contaminated based on its RNIPI and RI values.
Discussion
: The accumulations of As, Pb, and Cd were mainly associated with anthropogenic sources, including coal mining and combustion, and industrial exhaust emissions. Cu, Mn, and Zn were primarily originated from the parent material (natural sources).
Conclusion
: This study provides scientific basis and effective countermeasures for the prevention and control of soil pollution in surrounding areas of CPB.
NMMGenerator: an automatic neural mass model generator from population graphs
Authors: Yochum Maxime , Modolo Julien 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Neural mass models are among the most popular mathematical models of brain activity, since they enable the rapid simulation of large-scale networks involving different neural types at a spatial scale compatible with electrophysiological experiments (e.g. local field potentials). However, establishing neural mass model (NMM) equations associated with specific neuronal network architectures can be tedious and is an error-prone process, restricting their use to scientists who are familiar with mathematics. In order to overcome this challenge, we have developed a user-friendly software that enables a user to construct rapidly, under the form of a graph, a neuronal network with its populations and connectivity patterns. The resulting graph is then automatically translated into the corresponding set of differential equations, which can be solved and displayed within the same software environment. The software is proposed as open access, and should assist in offering the possibility for a wider audience of scientists to develop NMM corresponding to their specific neuroscience research questions.
An interdisciplinary framework for using archaeology, history and collective action to enhance India’s agricultural resilience and sustainability
Authors: Green A S , Dixit S , Garg K K , Sandya NR , Singh G , Vatta K , Whitbread A M , Jones M K , Singh R N , Petrie C A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
South Asia has a deep history of agriculture that includes a range of past farming systems in different climatic zones. Many of these farming systems were resilient to changes in climate and sustainable over long periods of time. India’s present agricultural systems are facing serious challenges, as they have become increasingly reliant on the unsustainable extraction of groundwater for irrigation. This paper outlines an interdisciplinary framework for drawing on patterns from the past to guide interventions in the present. It compares past and present strategies for water management and use in semi-arid and temperate Punjab with equatorial Telangana. Structural differences in water use in these two regions suggest that a range of interventions should be adopted to expand the overall availability of surface water for agricultural systems in India, in combination with empowering local communities to create their own water management rules. Active interventions focus on the efficient use of water supplies, and increasing surface water availability through renovation of collective ponds and reservoirs. We argue that this conceptual framework has significant potential for guiding agronomic and economic interventions in the future.
Maternal Stress Before Conception Is Associated with Shorter Gestation
Authors: Mahrer N E , Guardino C M , Hobel C , Dunkel Schetter C 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundStress in pregnancy predicts adverse birth outcomes. Stressors occurring prior to conception may also pose risk for the mother and child. The few published studies on preconception stress test a single stress measure and examine only linear associations with birth outcomes.PurposeGuided by findings in the prenatal stress literature, the current study aimed to (i) identify latent factors from a set of preconception stress measures and (ii) examine linear and curvilinear associations between these stress factors and length of gestation.MethodsStudy 1 utilized a sample of 2,637 racially/ethnically diverse women to develop a measurement model of maternal stress from assessments of seven acute and chronic stress measures. Factor analysis revealed three latent factors representing stressors (life events, financial strain, interpersonal violence, discrimination), stress appraisals (perceived stress, parenting stress), and chronic relationship stress (family, partner stress). Study 2 examined the associations of these three latent preconception stress factors with the length of gestation of a subsequent pregnancy in the subset of 360 women who became pregnant within 4.5 years.ResultsControlling for prenatal medical risks, there was a significant linear effect of stress appraisals on the length of gestation such that more perceived stress was associated with shorter gestation. There was a curvilinear effect of stressors on the length of gestation with moderate levels associated with longer gestation.ConclusionsThese results have implications for research on intergenerational origins of developmental adversities and may guide preconception prevention efforts. Findings also inform approaches to the study of stress as a multidimensional construct.
Restoring regulatory T-cell dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease through ex vivo expansion
Authors: Faridar Alireza , Thome Aaron D , Zhao Weihua , Thonhoff Jason R , Beers David R , Pascual Belen , Masdeu Joseph C , Appel Stanley H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Inflammation is a significant component of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. While neuroprotective microglia are important for containment/clearance of Amyloid plaques and maintaining neuronal survival, Alzheimer inflammatory microglia may play a detrimental role by eliciting tau pathogenesis and accelerating neurotoxicity. Regulatory T cells have been shown to suppress microglia-mediated inflammation. However, the role of regulatory T cells in ameliorating the proinflammatory immune response in Alzheimer’s disease requires further investigation. Forty-six patients with Alzheimer disease, 42 with mild cognitive impairment and 41 healthy controls were studied. The phenotypes of peripheral regulatory T cells were assessed with multicolour flow cytometry. Regulatory T cells were co-cultured with responder T cells and proliferation was determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation. In separate experiments, regulatory T cells were added to induced pluripotent stem cell-derived pro-inflammatory macrophages and changes in interleukin-6/tumour necrosis-alpha transcripts and protein levels were measured. Freshly isolated regulatory T cells were expanded ex vivo in the presence of CD3/CD28 expander beads, interleukin-2 and rapamycin to promote their suppressive function. We found that the suppressive function of regulatory T cells on responder T-cell proliferation was compromised at the Alzheimer disease stage, compared with mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls. CD25 mean fluorescence intensity in regulatory T-cell population was also reduced in Alzheimer dementia patients. Regulatory T cells did not suppress pro-inflammatory macrophages at baseline. Following ex vivo expansion, regulatory T-cell suppression of responder T-cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory macrophage activation increased in both patients and controls. Expanded regulatory T cells exerted their immunoregulatory function on pro-inflammatory macrophages through a contact-mediated mechanism. In conclusion, regulatory T-cell immunophenotype and function are compromised in Alzheimer’s disease. Following ex vivo expansion, the immunomodulatory function of regulatory T cells is enhanced even at advanced stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Restoration of regulatory T-cell function could be explored as a means to modulate the inflammatory status of Alzheimer’s disease.
Methylation of the CDX2 promoter in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa increases with age and its rapid demethylation in gastric tumors is associated with upregulated gene expression
Authors: Kim Hee-Jin , Seo Eun-Hye , Bae Dong Hyuck , Haam Keeok , Jang Hay-Ran , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Kim Mirang , Kim Seon-Young , Jeong Hyun-Yong , Song Kyu-Sang , Kim Yong Sung 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pathological changes in the epigenetic landscape of chromatin are hallmarks of cancer. The caudal-type homeobox gene CDX2 is not expressed in normal gastric epithelia but rather in adult intestinal epithelia, and it is overexpressed in intestinal metaplasia (IM). However, it remains unclear how CDX2 transcription is suppressed in normal gastric epithelial cells and overexpressed in IM. Here, we demonstrate that methylation of the CDX2 promoter increases with age in Helicobacter pylori-positive, noncancerous gastric tissue, whereas the promoter is demethylated in paired gastric tumors in which CDX2 is upregulated. Moreover, we also found that the CDX2 promoter is demethylated in IM as well as gastric tumor. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CDX2 is present in foci of parts of the gastric mucosae but highly expressed in IM as well as in gastric tumors, suggesting that the elevated level of CDX2 in IM and gastric tumors may be attributable to promoter demethylation. Our data suggest that CDX2 repression may be associated with promoter methylation in noncancerous H. pylori-positive mucosa but its upregulation might be attributable to increased promoter activity mediated by chromatin remodeling during gastric carcinogenesis.
Identification of the Metabolites in Rat Urine after Oral Administration and Elucidation of the Metabolic Process of Naozhenning Granule Using LC-MS
Authors: Li Rongrong , Liu Yanzhi , Liu Haixia , Wei Chunhong , Wang Jiang , Qin Xuemei , Wang Xuwen , Li Zhenyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNaozhenning (NZN) granule, a Chinese herbal formula, is widely used to treat craniocerebral trauma and promote functional recovery. In our previous study, the chemical components, as well as the serum metabolites in the male Sprague–Dawley rats of the NZN granule after oral administration were characterized. In this study, the urine metabolites in the male Sprague–Dawley rats were further investigated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. In order to identify the urine metabolites comprehensively, three sample preparation methods were used, including solid-phase extraction, protein precipitation method and solvent partition. Based on the accurate molecular weight and the fragmentation information from the MS spectra, a total of 76 urine metabolites were identified, which including 17 prototypes and 59 metabolites. The results showed that the detected urine metabolites were different for the different pretreatment methods, as some metabolites could only be detected in the particular pretreatment method. In addition, the metabolic processes of the components from NZN granule to the serum and urine were also elucidated and discussed. The results will provide useful information for further studying the relationship between the chemical components and pharmacological activity of NZN granule.
Evaluating community detection algorithms for progressively evolving graphs
Authors: Cazabet Remy , Boudebza Souâad , Rossetti Giulio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Many algorithms have been proposed in the last 10 years for the discovery of dynamic communities. However, these methods are seldom compared between themselves. In this article, we propose a generator of dynamic graphs with planted evolving community structure, as a benchmark to compare and evaluate such algorithms. Unlike previously proposed benchmarks, it is able to specify any desired evolving community structure through a descriptive language, and then to generate the corresponding progressively evolving network. We empirically evaluate six existing algorithms for dynamic community detection in terms of instantaneous and longitudinal similarity with the planted ground truth, smoothness of dynamic partitions and scalability. We notably observe different types of weaknesses depending on their approach to ensure smoothness, namely Glitches, Oversimplification and Identity loss. Although no method arises as a clear winner, we observe clear differences between methods, and we identified the fastest, those yielding the most smoothed or the most accurate solutions at each step.
Firm-Level Shocks and Labour Flows
Authors: Carlsson Mikael , Messina Julián , Nordström Skans Oskar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe analyse how labour flows respond to permanent idiosyncratic shifts in firm-level production functions and demand curves using very detailed Swedish micro data. Shocks to firms’ physical productivity have only modest effects on firm-level employment decisions. In contrast, we document rapid and substantial employment adjustments through hires and separations in response to firm-level demand shocks. The choice of adjustment margin depends on the sign of the shock: firms adjust through increased hires if these shocks are positive and through increased separations if the shocks are negative.
Preexisting Comorbidities Predicting COVID-19 and Mortality in the UK Biobank Community Cohort
Authors: Atkins Janice L , Masoli Jane A H , Delgado Joao , Pilling Luke C , Kuo Chia-Ling , Kuchel George A , Melzer David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHospitalized COVID-19 patients tend to be older and frequently have hypertension, diabetes, or coronary heart disease, but whether these comorbidities are true risk factors (ie, more common than in the general older population) is unclear. We estimated associations between preexisting diagnoses and hospitalized COVID-19 alone or with mortality, in a large community cohort.MethodsUK Biobank (England) participants with baseline assessment 2006–2010, followed in hospital discharge records to 2017 and death records to 2020. Demographic and preexisting common diagnoses association tested with hospitalized laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (March 16 to April 26, 2020), alone or with mortality, in logistic models.ResultsOf 269 070 participants aged older than 65, 507 (0.2%) became COVID-19 hospital inpatients, of which 141 (27.8%) died. Common comorbidities in hospitalized inpatients were hypertension (59.6%), history of fall or fragility fractures (29.4%), coronary heart disease (21.5%), type 2 diabetes (type 2, 19. 9%), and asthma (17.6%). However, in models adjusted for comorbidities, age group, sex, ethnicity, and education, preexisting diagnoses of dementia, type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, depression, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension emerged as independent risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization, the first 5 remaining statistically significant for related mortality. Chronic kidney disease and asthma were risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization in women but not men.ConclusionsThere are specific high-risk preexisting comorbidities for COVID-19 hospitalization and related deaths in community-based older men and women. These results do not support simple age-based targeting of the older population to prevent severe COVID-19 infections.
Comparative genomics and transcriptomics of 4 Paragonimus species provide insights into lung fluke parasitism and pathogenesis
Authors: Rosa Bruce A , Choi Young-Jun , McNulty Samantha N , Jung Hyeim , Martin John , Agatsuma Takeshi , Sugiyama Hiromu , Le Thanh Hoa , Doanh Pham Ngoc , Maleewong Wanchai , Blair David , Brindley Paul J , Fischer Peter U , Mitreva Makedonka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Paragonimus spp. (lung flukes) are among the most injurious foodborne helminths, infecting ~23 million people and subjecting ~292 million to infection risk. Paragonimiasis is acquired from infected undercooked crustaceans and primarily affects the lungs but often causes lesions elsewhere including the brain. The disease is easily mistaken for tuberculosis owing to similar pulmonary symptoms, and accordingly, diagnostics are in demand.

Results
We assembled, annotated, and compared draft genomes of 4 prevalent and distinct Paragonimus species: Paragonimus miyazakii, Paragonimus westermani, Paragonimus kellicotti, and Paragonimus heterotremus. Genomes ranged from 697 to 923 Mb, included 12,072–12,853 genes, and were 71.6–90.1% complete according to BUSCO. Orthologous group analysis spanning 21 species (lung, liver, and blood flukes, additional platyhelminths, and hosts) provided insights into lung fluke biology. We identified 256 lung fluke–specific and conserved orthologous groups with consistent transcriptional adult-stage Paragonimus expression profiles and enriched for iron acquisition, immune modulation, and other parasite functions. Previously identified Paragonimus diagnostic antigens were matched to genes, providing an opportunity to optimize and ensure pan-Paragonimus reactivity for diagnostic assays.

Conclusions
This report provides advances in molecular understanding of Paragonimus and underpins future studies into the biology, evolution, and pathogenesis of Paragonimus and related foodborne flukes. We anticipate that these novel genomic and transcriptomic resources will be invaluable for future lung fluke research.