bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of evaluation method for recoverable reserves of polymer flooding under the condition of optimal economic benefits
Authors: Yan Shu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
At present, there are two main methods to calibrate the recoverable reserves of polymer flooding (polymer consumption method and one-time calculation method), both of which have their advantages and disadvantages. Which evaluation method can better reflect the characteristics of polymer development and better economic evaluation effect is a problem to be studied. In this paper, the difference between the two evaluation methods is reflected by the change of the depletion rate of fixed assets in different evaluation methods of recoverable reserves. Through the comparative analysis of the economic evaluation results of the two different evaluation methods, the economic evaluation methods suitable for polymer flooding are selected. The results show that the evaluation results of polymer consumption method are better than that of one-off calculation method in the economic evaluation of fixed oil price and variable oil price. Under the fixed oil price, the difference of internal rate of return between the former and the latter is more than 2%. Under the condition of variable oil price, the polymer consumption method is obviously better than the one-off calculation method because of the high depreciation of initial production and the small depreciation of later production (large depreciation value in the early stage and less net value of oil and gas assets in the later stage). Through comparison, the evaluation method of polymer consumption is more practical, the evaluation result of block economic benefit is better, and more development potential can be released at the same time, which is more conducive to the promotion of polymer flooding technology.
Study on the Influence of Intermittent Phase Modulation on the Spectrum Shift Characteristics of Radar Signals
Authors: Ai Tengfei , Su Yonghe , Kou Mingxin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Intermittent sampling and forwarding interference is a new type of radar interference. It captures and transmits intercepted signals to enemy radars to form multiple false targets. The essence is an amplitude modulation. The phase modulation technique alternates the phase of the electromagnetic wave by adjusting the instantaneous phase of the electromagnetic wave. Phase modulation technology is currently widely used in the field of communication and radar signal design, such as binary phase shift keying and phase encoding signals. In this paper, the spectral shift characteristics of intermittent phase modulation on radar signals are studied, and the influence of modulation parameters on the moving results is analyzed. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method.
A charge density prediction model for hydrocarbons using deep neural networks
Authors: Kamal Deepak , Chandrasekaran Anand , Batra Rohit , Ramprasad Rampi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The electronic charge density distribution ρ(r) of a given material is among the most fundamental quantities in quantum simulations from which many large scale properties and observables can be calculated. Conventionally, ρ(r) is obtained using Kohn–Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) based methods. But, the high computational cost of KS-DFT renders it intractable for systems involving thousands/millions of atoms. Thus, recently there has been efforts to bypass expensive KS equations, and directly predict ρ(r) using machine learning (ML) based methods. Here, we build upon one such scheme to create a robust and reliable ρ(r) prediction model for a diverse set of hydrocarbons, involving huge chemical and morphological complexity /(saturated, unsaturated molecules, cyclo-groups and amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers). We utilize a grid-based fingerprint to capture the atomic neighborhood around an arbitrary point in space, and map it to the reference ρ(r) obtained from standard DFT calculations at that point. Owing to the grid-based learning, dataset sizes exceed billions of points, which is trained using deep neural networks in conjunction with a incremental learning based approach. The accuracy and transferability of the ML approach is demonstrated on not only a diverse test set, but also on a completely unseen system of polystyrene under different strains. Finally, we note that the general approach adopted here could be easily extended to other material systems, and can be used for quick and accurate determination of ρ(r) for DFT charge density initialization, computing dipole or quadrupole, and other observables for which reliable density functional are known.
Organic and inorganic nanoparticle vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases
Authors: Poon Christopher , Patel Amish A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a leading cause of concern worldwide. Conventional vaccine methods to elicit immune responses have limitations in effectively controlling new and re-merging pathogens. Nanoparticle-based vaccines show promise in overcoming these limitations due to their versatility and tunability to protect antigen from premature degradations, facilitate their intracellular uptakes and elicit prolonged immunity against infectious diseases. Nanoparticle can be categorized as purely organic or inorganic based on the components that construct the structure. Most organic materials are biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic, while most inorganic materials have a smaller particle size, improved stability, controlled tunability, enhanced permeability, high antigen loadings, and a triggered release profile. This review will focus on the different type of organic and inorganic nanoparticles used as vaccine against infectious diseases.
A Greek tragedy? Why ‘Dillwyn’s Etruscan Ware’ failed*
Authors: Morgan Janett 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Between 1847 and 1850, the Cambrian Pottery in Swansea made ‘Dillwyn’s Etruscan Ware’, a range of vases copying the designs of red-figure vases found in south Italian and Sicilian tombs. The vases were made for sale to ‘humble homesteads’, but they did not attract buyers and were discontinued. This article explores the economic and commercial milieu in which the Swansea ‘Etruscan’ ware vases were designed and made. It examines relationships between manufacturers’ design choices and their perceptions of the social, cultural, and political aspirations of intended buyers. It establishes the identity of the Cambrian Pottery’s intended customers and shows how practical issues, such as space, display, and utility, could influence buyers’ choices as well as design. Finally, it explores the influence of social, cultural, and religious ideals on domestic decoration in working-class households, and it offers an explanation of why ‘Dillwyn’s Etruscan Ware’ failed.
Post-combustion slipstream CO2-capture test facility at Jiangyou Power Plant, Sichuan, China: facility design and validation using 30% wt monoethanolamine (MEA) testing
Authors: Wang Baodeng , Cui Qian , Zhang Guoping , Long Yinhua , Sun Yongwei , Zhao Xinglei , He Zhendong , Ku Anthony Y 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Given the dominant share of coal in China’s energy-generation mix and the fact that &gt;50% of the power plants in the country are currently &lt;15 years old, efforts to significantly reduce China’s CO2 footprint will require the deployment of CO2 capture across at least part of its fleet of coal-fired power plants. CO2-capture technology is reaching commercial maturity, but it is still necessary to adapt the technology to regional conditions, such as power-plant design and flexible operation in the China context. Slipstream facilities provide valuable field data to support the commercialization of CO2 capture. We have built a slipstream facility at Jiangyou power plant in Sichuan that will allow us to explore China-relevant issues, especially flexible operation, over the next few years. We plan to share our results with the broader CO2-capture and CO2-storage (CCS) community to accelerate the deployment of CCS in China. This paper describes the design of the slipstream facility and presents results from our steady-state qualification tests using a well-studied benchmark solvent: 30% wt monoethanolamine (MEA). The results from our MEA tests compare favorably to results reported from other slipstream-test facilities around the world, allowing us to commission our system and establish a reference baseline for future studies.
Thermoregulatory costs in molting Antarctic Weddell seals: impacts of physiological and environmental conditions
Authors: Walcott Skyla M , Kirkham Amy L , Burns Jennifer M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor polar marine mammals, the energetic cost of thermoregulation depends on ambient conditions in the highly variable surrounding environment. Heat conservation strategies used by pinnipeds to reduce total heat loss include small surface area to volume ratios, the ability to limit perfusion and thick subcutaneous blubber layers. There are limits to how cool the skin surface may remain without compromising function, especially during the annual pelage molt, when hair and skin are replaced. To determine if actively molting seals incur higher thermoregulatory costs, surface temperature (ST) and heat flux (HF) were measured in 93 adult female Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) both prior to and during the active molting period using direct sensors and infrared imaging. Linear mixed-effect models revealed that ST increased significantly with increased ambient temperature and decreased wind speed (contributing 44.6 and 41.7% of the attributed variance, respectively). Seal STs were not impacted by molt status, but were maintained at 11.2 ± 0.3°C warmer than the ambient temperature. Infrared imaging results averaged 15.1 ± 1.4°C warmer than direct ST measurements. In contrast, HF was significantly higher in seals in early molting stages compared to the pre-molt season ( P &lt; 0.001) and molt status accounted for 66.5% of the variance in HF. Thermoregulatory costs calculated from estimated basal metabolic rate and measured HF were more than double for molting seals as compared to those in pre-molt. This suggests that perfusion is increased during molt to support follicle development, despite the increased energetic costs associated with higher HF rates. Because ST, HF and thermoregulatory costs are strongly influenced by ambient conditions, molt timing is likely under selective pressure to occur during the warmest period of the year. Shifts in environmental conditions that delay molt phenology or increase HF rates could negatively impact seal populations by further increasing thermoregulatory costs.
What You Do Versus Who You Are: Home-Learning Activities, Social Origin and Cognitive Skills among Young Children in Ireland
Authors: McMullin Patricia , McGinnity Frances , Murray Aisling , Russell Helen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article explores the role that home-learning activities (HLAs) play in the relationship between social origin and cognitive development using an Irish birth cohort study, Growing Up in Ireland. Numerous studies using different measures of the home-learning environment (HLE) have shown that it has considerable influence on young children’s cognitive development, and that the HLE is often linked to social origin. We find a social gradient in vocabulary even at age 3 years, with the largest gaps for mothers’ education. Family income, mothers’ education, and social class are also associated with vocabulary independently, though these associations are reduced by adding all three measures simultaneously. The extent of HLAs helps explain a very small part of the education differences and none of the income or social class differences in vocabulary. We find some evidence that HLAs may be more salient for children from families with low income and lower social class backgrounds in terms of supporting vocabulary development, thereby compensating somewhat for disadvantage. HLAs also appear to encourage vocabulary development between age 3 and 5, and play a role in reducing the gap in vocabulary between high- and low-income children.
Five-year follow-up of patients enrolled in the NEAT 001/ANRS 143 randomized clinical trial: NEAT 001/ANRS 143 LONG TERM study
Authors: Raffi François , Gaultier Aurélie , Pozniak Anton , Molina Jean-Michel , Jessen Heiko , Antinori Andrea , Soria Albane , Cavellec Morane , Le Thuaut Aurélie , Ningre Maelle , de Wit Stéphane 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Few long-term data are available in subjects having initiated ART with an NRTI-sparing regimen.

Objectives
Outcomes of subjects enrolled in the NEAT 001/ANRS 143 randomized clinical trial (comparing ritonavir-boosted darunavir + raltegravir versus ritonavir-boosted darunavir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine) were retrospectively collected, through anonymized electronic case report forms, up to 6 years post-enrolment.

Methods
The last NEAT 001 visit (Week 96) was conducted in 745/805 randomized subjects (363/401 ritonavir-boosted darunavir + raltegravir and 382/404 ritonavir-boosted darunavir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine). Of these, 430 were enrolled in NEAT 001/ANRS 143 LONG TERM (NLT) study (201 raltegravir, 229 tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine), with a median follow-up of 44.4 months.

Results
During NLT follow-up, the proportion of AIDS, non-AIDS events, virological rebound and serious adverse events, discontinuation for virological failure and for adverse events did not differ between groups; discontinuations for virological failure since NEAT 001 inclusion were more frequent in subjects with baseline CD4 &lt;200 cells/mm3 (11.9% versus 5.3%; P = 0.077). At last follow-up, a quarter of subjects (22.2% for ritonavir-boosted darunavir + raltegravir and 29.7% for ritonavir-boosted darunavir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine) were still receiving their initial regimen. Integrase inhibitor exposure was not associated with weight gain (P = 0.48), while tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure was associated with a trend to higher creatinine increase (P = 0.067).

Conclusions
After a median of 5.6 years, subjects initiating ritonavir-boosted darunavir + raltegravir or ritonavir-boosted darunavir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine experienced few serious clinical adverse events. Most discontinuations were for reasons unrelated to adverse events or virological failure.
Relationship of Cisplatin-Related Adverse Health Outcomes With Disability and Unemployment Among Testicular Cancer Survivors
Authors: Kerns Sarah L , Fung Chunkit , Fossa Sophie D , Dinh Paul C , Monahan Patrick , Sesso Howard D , Frisina Robert D , Feldman Darren R , Hamilton Robert J , Vaughn David , Martin Neil , Huddart Robert , Kollmannsberger Christian , Sahasrabudhe Deepak , Ardeshir-Rouhani-Fard Shirin , Einhorn Lawrence , Travis Lois B 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew data exist on the relationship of cisplatin-related adverse health outcomes (AHOs) with disability, unemployment, and self-reported health (SRH) among testicular cancer survivors (TCS).MethodsA total of 1815 TCS at least 1 year postchemotherapy underwent clinical examination and completed questionnaires. Treatment data were abstracted from medical records. A cumulative burden of morbidity score (CBMPt) encompassed the number and severity of platinum-related AHOs (peripheral sensory neuropathy [PSN], hearing loss, tinnitus, renal disease). Multivariable regression assessed the association of AHOs and CBMPt with employment status and SRH, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Unemployment was compared with a male normative population of similar age, race, and ethnicity.ResultsAlmost 1 in 10 TCS was out of work (2.4%, disability leave; 6.8%, unemployed) at a median age of 37 years (median follow-up = 4 years). PSN (odds ratio [OR] = 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 8.26, grade 3 vs 0, P = .048), renal dysfunction defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR = 12.1, 95% CI = 2.06 to 70.8, grade 2 vs 0, P = .01), pain (OR = 10.6, 95% CI = 4.40 to 25.40, grade 2 or 3 vs 0, P &lt; .001), and CBMPt (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.08, P = .03) were associated with disability leave; pain strongly correlated with PSN (r2 = 0.40, P &lt; .001). Statistically significantly higher percentages of TCS were unemployed vs population norms (age-adjusted OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 2.49 to 3.02, P &lt; .001). PSN (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.28 to 4.62, grade 3 vs 0, P = .006), patient-reported hearing loss (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.04 to 3.17, grade 2 or 3 vs 0, P = .04), and pain (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 2.06 to 6.81, grade 2 or 3 vs 0, P &lt; .001) were associated with unemployment. Increasing severity of most cisplatin-related AHOs and pain were associated with statistically significantly worse SRH.ConclusionsOur findings have important implications regarding treatment-associated productivity losses and socioeconomic costs in this young population. Survivorship care strategies should include inquiries about disability and unemployment status, with efforts made to assist affected TCS in returning to the workforce.
Introduction
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L. , Perry Samuel L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces Christian nationalism. It is defined as a conceptual framework—a collection of myths, traditions, symbols, narratives, and value systems—that idealizes and advocates a fusion of Christianity with American civic life. The chapter also introduces the authors’ measurement of this concept and compares it to other possible measurement strategies. Finally, the chapter highlights three main arguments for this book. First, it argues that understanding Christian nationalism, its content, and its consequences is essential for understanding much of the polarization in American popular discourse. Second, the authors contend it is not synonymous with, reducible to, or a byproduct of personal religiosity, political views, racism, or authoritarian tendencies, among others. Finally, the claim is put forward that Christian nationalism is not “Christianity” or even “religion” properly speaking. The authors show that Christian nationalism influences Americans’ opinions and behaviors in the exact opposite direction that traditional religious commitment does.
Four Americans
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L. , Perry Samuel L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces the four categories that encompass the orientations of all Americans toward Christian nationalism. The remaining chapters of the book draw on each of these four categories. This chapter provides empirical descriptions of each group: Ambassadors, Accommodators, Resisters, and Rejecters. The demographics of each group are explored, noting differences across age, gender, region of the country, education, income, and marital status. This chapter also explores the religious beliefs, behaviors, and affiliations of Americans in each of these four categories. These analyses demonstrate that none of the four responses to Christian nationalism are synonymous with a particular religious tradition or socio-demographic group. Rather, each response can be found all throughout society. Finally, data are analyzed over the last several decades to explore shifts in size of each of the groups.
Boundaries
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L. , Perry Samuel L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this chapter we explore how Christian nationalism erects and sustains symbolic boundaries concerning race and ethnicity, nativism, citizenship, and religious diversity. Focusing first on racial and ethnic diversity, we show how Christian nationalism actually implies the necessity of maintaining distinct racial boundaries. Ambassadors and Accommodators are less likely to feel comfortable with interracial romantic relationships, transracial adoption, or immigration. These groups are also much more likely to blame minorities for any racial inequality, including police treatment and the criminal justice system. Turning to religious minorities, we show similar patterns. Rejecters and Resisters are actually more supportive of religious liberty for all groups, while Ambassadors and Accommodators are much more religiously exclusive. We again show that personal piety can at times work in opposition to Christian nationalism. Overall, Christian nationalism is integral to understanding Americans’ racial and religious symbolic boundaries.
Imaginary Socialization
Authors: Adraoui Mohamed-Ali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Imaginary socialization refers to the gap between the perception of an identity that makes no concessions and the leeway for interpretation permitted by authorized clerics. It relates more generally to the part of reciprocal construction between the subject and the object. The manner in which the former constructs, and is constructed by, the latter is the source of a vision of the world and the different positions that derive from it. Imaginary socialization echoes the polysemy of religious concepts but also the different ways of apprehending the social space, with a single one perduring in this socialization in order to render coherent the acts and positions taken by practicants.
Us versus Them
Authors: Doering Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Crime and gentrification represent hot button issues in racially diverse neighborhoods. Drawing on three and a half years of ethnographic fieldwork, this book provides a detailed analysis of community conflict in Rogers Park and Uptown, two Chicago neighborhoods. The book shows how competing views about neighborhood change divided residents into two political camps, which prioritized either the fight against crime or the fight against gentrification. This division frequently materialized as a type of racial conflict, because antigentrification activists and their allies charged that grassroots anticrime initiatives were, in truth, barely covert racist practices that were meant to foster racial displacement and marginalization. Chapter by chapter, the book traces these conflicts in different areas of community life. It examines the strategies of public safety work that residents used to fight crime and how their efforts contributed to gentrification; how antigentrification activists resisted criminalization and gentrification; how politicians sought to actively use or downplay community divisions in their electoral campaigns; and how residents of different racial and ethnic backgrounds positioned themselves in these battles.
A Brief History of Living Together
Authors: Doering Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 establishes the urban context in which the dynamics described in subsequent chapters unfolded. The chapter begins with a description of the prevalence and quality of crime, gang activity, and violence in Rogers Park and Uptown. It then offers a historical overview of urban change from the neighborhoods’ early history through racial integration and up to the arrival of gentrification and the present moment. The chapter ends by describing the neighborhoods’ contemporary political fields, including the main actors and community organizations that formed the public safety and antigentrification camps.
Racial Identities and Political Standpoints
Authors: Doering Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
On an aggregate level, the fight against street crime in Rogers Park and Uptown benefited white residents at the expense of black and minority residents, who were mostly low-income and more likely to be displaced or confronted with aggressive policing. Nevertheless, alliances and battle lines in Rogers Park and Uptown crisscrossed racial boundaries. Some middle-class whites actively opposed gentrification, while some black residents supported tough-on-crime policing. This chapter describes in detail several extreme examples of how racial identities did or did not align with the political positions one might expect whites and African Americans to take. Furthermore, it sheds light on the fact that many racial battles played out within rather than between racial groups.