bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Nanoparticle Toxicity in the Biomedical Field
Authors: Yu Zhongjie , Li Qi , Wang Jing , Yu Yali , Wang Yin , Zhou Qihui , Li Peifeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe unique physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles have recently gained increasing attention in a diverse set of applications, particularly in the biomedical field. However, concerns about the potential toxicological effects of nanoparticles remain, as they have a higher tendency to generate excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to the strong oxidation potential, the excess ROS induced by nanoparticles can result in the damage of biomolecules and organelle structures and lead to protein oxidative carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, DNA/RNA breakage, and membrane structure destruction, which further cause necrosis, apoptosis, or even mutagenesis. This review aims to give a summary of the mechanisms and responsible for ROS generation by nanoparticles at the cellular level and provide insights into the mechanics of ROS-mediated biotoxicity. We summarize the literature on nanoparticle toxicity and suggest strategies to optimize nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
High-Performance AlGaN Double Channel HEMTs with Improved Drain Current Density and High Breakdown Voltage
Authors: Zhang Yachao , Li Yifan , Wang Jia , Shen Yiming , Du Lin , Li Yao , Wang Zhizhe , Xu Shengrui , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, AlGaN double channel heterostructure is proposed and grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and high-performance AlGaN double channel high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are fabricated and investigated. The implementation of double channel feature effectively improves the transport properties of AlGaN channel heterostructures. On one hand, the total two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density is promoted due to the double potential wells along the vertical direction and the enhanced carrier confinement. On the other hand, the average 2DEG density in each channel is reduced, and the mobility is elevated resulted from the suppression of carrier-carrier scattering effect. As a result, the maximum drain current density (Imax) of AlGaN double channel HEMTs reaches 473 mA/mm with gate voltage of 0 V. Moreover, the superior breakdown performance of the AlGaN double channel HEMTs is also demonstrated. These results not only show the great application potential of AlGaN double channel HEMTs in microwave power electronics but also develop a new thinking for the studies of group III nitride-based electronic devices.
GlideScope® versus C-MAC®(D) videolaryngoscope versus Macintosh laryngoscope for double lumen endotracheal intubation in patients with predicted normal airways: a randomized, controlled, prospective trial
Authors: Huang Ping , Zhou Renlong , Lu Zhixing , Hang Yannan , Wang Shanjuan , Huang Zhenling 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The double lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) is the most widely-used device for single lung ventilation in current thoracic anesthesia practice. In recent years, the routine application of the videolaryngoscope for single lumen endotracheal intubation has increased; nevertheless there are few studies of the use of the videolaryngoscope for DLT. We wondered whether there were benefits to using the videolaryngoscope for DLT placement in patients with predicted normal airways. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the performances of the GlideScope®, the C-MAC®(D) videolaryngoscope and the Macintosh laryngoscope in DLT intubation.

Methods
This was a randomized, controlled, prospective study. We randomly allocated 90 adult patients with predicted normal airways into three groups. All patients underwent routine anesthesia using different laryngoscopes according to group allocation. We compared DLT insertion times, first-pass success rates, numerical rating scales (NRS) of DLT delivery and DLT insertion, Cormack-Lehane degrees (C/L), hemodynamic changes and incidences of intubation complications. All outcomes were analyzed using SPSS13.0.

Results
Compared with the GlideScope, the Macintosh gave shorter times for DLT insertion (median: 96 (IQR: 51 [min–max: 62–376] s vs 73 (26 [48–419] s, p = 0.003); however, there was no difference between the Macintosh and C-MAC(D) (p = 0.610). The Macintosh had a significantly higher successful first attempt rate than did the GlideScope or C-MAC(D) (p = 0.001, p = 0.028, respectively). NRS of DLT delivery and insertion were significantly lower in the Macintosh than in the others (p < 0.001). However, the C/L degree in the Macintosh was significantly higher than in the others (p < 0.001). The incidences of oral bleeding, hoarseness, sore throat and dental trauma were low in all groups (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in DLT misplacement, fiberoptic time or hemodynamic changes among the groups.

Conclusions
Compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, the GlideScope® and C-MAC®(D) videolaryngoscopes may not be recommended as the first choice for routine DLT intubation in patients with predicted normal airways.

Trial registration
The study was prospectively registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (no. ChiCTR1900025718); principal investigator: Z.L.H.; date of registration: September 6, 2019.
Stunting and overweight among children in Northeast Brazil: prevalence, trends (1992-2005-2015) and associated risk factors from repeated cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Ferreira Haroldo da Silva , Albuquerque Gabriela Tenório , Santos Tamara Rodrigues dos , Barbosa Rosália de Lima , Cavalcante Andressa Lima , Duarte Luísa Elvira Cavazzani , Assunção Monica Lopes de 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
A study involving children from Alagoas (Northeast Brazil) revealed that, as a consequence of a drastic reduction in the prevalence of stunting between 1992 to 2005, (22.5 to 11.4%) combined with an increase in overweight prevalence (6.7 to 9.3%), the prevalence of these two conditions in 2005 was very close. If these trends were maintained, it is very likely that, at this time, the childhood overweight prevalence has already exceeded that of the stunting. However, no study is available to confirm this hypothesis. The identification of these changes is relevant to the planning and evaluation of public policies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, time trends and associated factors with stunting and overweight in children from Alagoas.

Methods
Independent cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in 1992 (n = 1231), 2005 (n = 1381) and 2015 (n = 988). Data were collected from probabilistic samples of children aged 0–60 months. Stunting was defined by stature-for-age < − 2 sd and overweight by weight-for-stature > 2 sd.

Results
Between 1992, 2005 and 2015, the stunting prevalence was 22.6, 11.2 and 3.2% (reduction of 85.8%), while the overweight prevalence was 6.9, 7.5 and 14.9% (increase of 115.9%), respectively. After multivariate analysis, the following positive associations with stunting were observed in 1992: age group > 24 months (28.3% vs 14.5%), mother with ≥2 children (28.8% vs 12.8%), low birth weight (28.3% vs 15.7%) and mother with low schooling (29.3% vs 7.2%). In 2015 there was a higher prevalence of stunting in males (4.2% vs 2.2%), in children < 24 months (4.6% vs 2.2%), with low birth weight (8.6% vs 3.0%) and in those who had mothers with low schooling (7.0% vs 2.6%). Regarding overweight, in 1992 there was higher prevalence for male (9.1% vs 4.7%) and in children whose mothers had ≤2 children (8.9% vs 5.8%), while in 2015 only birth weight >  4 kg was associated to overweight (27.3% vs 14.2%).

Conclusions
During the analyzed period, there was a significant decrease in stunting prevalence. At the same time, a substantial increase was observed in the overweight prevalence. Currently, stunting is a problem of low magnitude, while overweight has become a worrying public health problem.
Development and validation of the shared governance feasibility instrument in nursing schools in Iran
Authors: Sattarzadeh-Pashabeig Maryam , Atashzadeh-Shoorideh Foroozan , Sadoughi Mohammad-Mehdi , Khachian Alice , Zagheri-Tafreshi Mansoureh , Stievano Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo develop and validate a shared governance feasibility instrument in schools of nursing in Iran with respect to the nature of the profession and the sociocultural context of the Iranian community.BackgroundNursing schools are liable to the application of shared governance due to the presence of various expert educational groups within the school that necessitates reciprocal cooperation. Since the concept of shared governance is culture-based and given that no full-fledged study has been conducted on shared governance in Iran, the development of a suitable shared governance feasibility instrument is rendered as mandatory.MethodsThis sequential exploratory mixed-method study consisted of two qualitative and quantitative parts was accomplished 2016–2019. First, the primary items were extracted through an extensive review of the literature, qualitative interviews and underwent psychometric validation using a methodological approach. Face, content, construct validity and reliability of the instrument was established and completed.ResultsOne hundred fifty items were distilled from the first stage of the study, was reduced to 70 after establishing face, content validity and primary reliability. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 52 items covering the two factors “shared atmosphere and culture” and “infrastructural prerequisites”. These two factors accounted for 78.6% of the total variance of the questionnaire. In calculating the final reliability coefficient of the instrument, Cronbach’s alpha and Omega were 0.981 and 0.805, respectively. The results showed an ICC of 0.91 indicating high reliability of the developed instrument with a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 10.43. Finally, the items underwent weighting via scoring by considering item weights due to differences between the two methods.Conclusion“Shared governance feasibility instrument” can provide a new insight into organisational performance for all policy-makers and beneficiaries of higher education. This not only leads to the use of intelligence and capabilities of the beneficiaries, but also aids in faster movement toward achieving organisational goals.Implications for nursing managementThis study and the developed instrument may serve as a guide for the feasibility of implementing shared governance to assess management styles and performance in higher education centers.
Impact of cytomegalovirus infection on B cell differentiation and cytokine production in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zabalza Ana , Vera Andrea , Alari-Pahissa Elisenda , Munteis Elvira , Moreira Antía , Yélamos Jose , Llop Mireia , López-Botet Miguel , Martínez-Rodríguez Jose E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been recently associated with a low risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the basis behind this observation remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to determine in MS patients whether HCMV induces modifications in the peripheral B cell compartment.MethodsHCMV serostatus was determined in 73 MS patients (55 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS); 18 progressive MS (PMS)) and 30 healthy controls, assessing their B cell immunophenotype and cytokine production (GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) by flow cytometry.ResultsHCMV seropositivity in untreated MS patients (n= 45) was associated with reduced switched memory B cells, contrasting with an opposite effect in PMS. Expansions of transitional B cells were observed in HCMV(+) IFNβ-treated RRMS patients but not in HCMV(−) cases (p< 0.01), suggesting that HCMV may influence the distribution of B cell subsets modulating the effects of IFNβ. Considering the B cell functional profile, HCMV(−) PMS displayed an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα) as compared to HCMV(+) PMS and RRMS cases (p< 0.001).ConclusionsOur study reveals an influence of HCMV infection on the phenotype and function of B cells, promoting early differentiation stages in RRMS and reducing the proinflammatory cytokine profile in advanced MS forms, which might be related with the putative protective role of this virus in MS.
Anti-dengue virus serotype 2 activity of tannins from porcupine dates
Authors: Pong Lian Yih , Yew Peng Nian , Lee Wai Leng , Lim Yau Yan , Sharifah Syed Hassan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Dengue fever is currently endemic in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide and effective drug against DENV infection is still unavailable. Porcupine dates, which are traditionally used to treat dengue fever, might contain potential anti-dengue compounds. Two porcupine dates, black date (BD) and powdery date (PD) from Himalayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura), were investigated for their antiviral activities against DENV-2 in vitro.

Methods
The methanol crude extracts (MBD and MPD) were prepared from the raw material of porcupine dates. The tannin-rich fractions (BDTF and PDTF) were isolated from their methanol crude extracts using column chromatography. The presence of tannins in BDTF and PDTF extracts was determined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The cytotoxicity and anti-DENV-2 activities including virus yield inhibition, virucidal, virus attachment and pre-treatment assays of the extracts were examined in Vero cells.

Results
Our findings revealed that all the extracts of porcupine dates exhibited antiviral activity against DENV-2 in Vero cells. The IC50 of BDTF and PDTF were 25 µg/mL and 11 µg/mL respectively, while their methanol crude extracts demonstrated lower antiviral efficacy (IC50 ≈ 101–107 µg/mL). BDTF and PDTF also exerted a similar higher virucidal effect (IC50 of 11 µg/mL) than methanol crude extracts (IC50 ≈ 52–66 µg/mL). Furthermore, all the extracts inhibited the attachment of DENV-2 by at least 80%. Pre-treatments of cells with BDTF and PDTF markedly prevented DENV-2 infection when compared to methanol crude extracts.

Conclusion
This study suggests that porcupine dates possess antiviral properties against DENV-2, which is attributed to its tannin compounds.
A two-compartment model of synaptic computation and plasticity
Authors: Tong Rudi , Emptage Nigel J. , Padamsey Zahid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe synapse is typically viewed as a single compartment, which acts as a linear gain controller on incoming input. Traditional plasticity rules enable this gain control to be dynamically optimized by Hebbian activity. Whilst this view nicely captures postsynaptic function, it neglects the non-linear dynamics of presynaptic function. Here we present a two-compartment model of the synapse in which the presynaptic terminal first acts to filter presynaptic input before the postsynaptic terminal, acting as a gain controller, amplifies or depresses transmission. We argue that both compartments are equipped with distinct plasticity rules to enable them to optimally adapt synaptic transmission to the statistics of pre- and postsynaptic activity. Specifically, we focus on how presynaptic plasticity enables presynaptic filtering to be optimally tuned to only transmit information relevant for postsynaptic firing. We end by discussing the advantages of having a presynaptic filter and propose future work to explore presynaptic function and plasticity in vivo.
Effect of irradiation on the survival and susceptibility of female Anopheles arabiensis to natural isolates of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Guissou Edwige , Poda Serge , de Sales Hien Domombabele François , Yerbanga Serge Rakiswende , Da Dari Frédéric , Cohuet Anna , Fournet Florence , Roux Olivier , Maiga Hamidou , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Gilles Jeremie , Bouyer Jérémy , Ouédraogo Anicet G. , Rayaissé Jean-Baptiste , Lefèvre Thierry , Dabiré Kounbobr Roch 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is a vector control strategy relying on the mass release of sterile males into wild vector populations. Current sex separation techniques are not fully efficient and could lead to the release of a small proportion of females. It is therefore important to evaluate the effect of irradiation on the ability of released females to transmit pathogens. This study aimed to assess the effect of irradiation on the survival and competence ofAnopheles arabiensisfemales forPlasmodium falciparumin laboratory conditions.MethodsPupae were irradiated at 95 Gy of gamma-rays, and emerging females were challenged with one of 14 natural isolates ofP. falciparum. Seven days post-blood meal (dpbm), irradiated and unirradiated-control females were dissected to assess the presence of oocysts, using 8 parasite isolates. On 14 dpbm, sporozoite dissemination in the head/thorax was also examined, using 10 parasites isolates including 4 in common with the 7 dpbm dissection (oocyst data). The survivorship of irradiated and unirradiated-control mosquitoes was monitored.ResultsOverall, irradiation reduced the proportion of mosquitoes infected with the oocyst stages by 17% but this effect was highly inconsistent among parasite isolates. Secondly, there was no significant effect of irradiation on the number of developing oocysts. Thirdly, there was no significant difference in both the sporozoite infection rate and load between the irradiated and unirradiated-control mosquitoes. Fourthly, irradiation had varying effects on female survival with either a negative effect or no effect.ConclusionsThe effect of irradiation on mosquito competence strongly varied among parasite isolates. Because of such isolate variability and, the fact that different parasite isolates were used to collect oocyst and sporozoite data, the irradiation-mediated reduction of oocyst prevalence was not confirmed for the sporozoite stages. Our data indicate that irradiated femaleAn. arabiensiscould contribute to malaria transmission, and highlight the need for perfect sexing tools, which would prevent the release of females as part of SIT programmes.
Negative social interactions and coping behaviors: experiences of Japanese mothers caring for children with special needs in disaster areas
Authors: Kimura Miyako 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to identify the challenging experiences pertaining negative social interactions and the coping behaviors of mothers of children with special needs after two major earthquakes in Japan. A qualitative content analysis was conducted based on the interviews of 26 mothers of children with special needs who had experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 or Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016.ResultsThe themes extracted were “perceiving pressures and unfairness,” “failing to obtain support and deeper understanding,” “realizing child’s characteristics that are difficult for others to understand,” and “tackling challenges on their own in different ways.” The experienced negative social interactions and coping behaviors were found to be similar in both earthquakes. Although the Japanese legislation was amended 2 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake, it may not have had necessarily improved the mothers’ situations. Thus, while it is important to provide specific support for families of children with special needs after natural disasters and organize food supplies with a focus on family units, it is also important to increase Japanese society’s understanding of the varied characteristics of disabilities.
Predicting breast cancer metastasis from whole-blood transcriptomic measurements
Authors: Holsbø Einar , Perduca Vittorio , Bongo Lars Ailo , Lund Eiliv , Birmelé Etienne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn this exploratory work we investigate whether blood gene expression measurements predict breast cancer metastasis. Early detection of increased metastatic risk could potentially be life-saving. Our data comes from the Norwegian Women and Cancer epidemiological cohort study. The women who contributed to these data provided a blood sample up to a year before receiving a breast cancer diagnosis. We estimate a penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression. We evaluate this in terms of calibration, concordance probability, and stability, all of which we estimate by the bootstrap.ResultsWe identify a set of 108 candidate predictor genes that exhibit a fold change in average metastasized observation where there is none for the average non-metastasized observation.
Mass spectrometric analysis of the in vitro secretome from equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to assess the effect of chondrogenic differentiation on response to interleukin-1β treatment
Authors: Bundgaard Louise , Stensballe Allan , Elbæk Kirstine Juul , Berg Lise Charlotte 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Similar to humans, the horse is a long-lived, athletic species. The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a relatively new frontier, but has been used with promising results in treating joint diseases, e.g., osteoarthritis. It is believed that MSCs exert their main therapeutic effects through secreted trophic biomolecules. Therefore, it has been increasingly important to characterize the MSC secretome. It has been shown that the effect of the MSCs is strongly influenced by the environment in the host compartment, and it is a crucial issue when considering MSC therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the in vitro secreted protein profile between naïve and chondrogenic differentiating bone marrow-derived (BM)-MSCs when exposed to an inflammatory environment.

Methods
Equine BM-MSCs were divided into a naïve group and a chondrogenic group. Cells were treated with normal expansion media or chondrogenic media. Cells were treated with IL-1β for a period of 5 days (stimulation), followed by 5 days without IL-1β (recovery). Media were collected after 48 h and 10 days. The secretomes were digested and analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS to unravel the orchestration of proteins.

Results
The inflammatory proteins IL6, CXCL1, CXCL6, CCL7, SEMA7A, SAA, and haptoglobin were identified in the secretome after 48 h from all cells stimulated with IL-1β. CXCL8, OSM, TGF-β1, the angiogenic proteins VCAM1, ICAM1, VEGFA, and VEGFC, the proteases MMP1 and MMP3, and the protease inhibitor TIMP3 were among the proteins only identified in the secretome after 48 h from cells cultured in normal expansion media. After 10-day incubation, the proteins CXCL1, CXCL6, and CCL7 were still identified in the secretome from BM-MSCs stimulated with IL-1β, but the essential inducer of inflammation, IL6, was only identified in the secretome from cells cultured in normal expansion media.

Conclusion
The findings in this study indicate that naïve BM-MSCs have a more extensive inflammatory response at 48 h to stimulation with IL-1β compared to BM-MSCs undergoing chondrogenic differentiation. This extensive inflammatory response decreased after 5 days without IL-1β (day 10), but a difference in composition of the secretome between naïve and chondrogenic BM-MSCs was still evident.