bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information
Authors: You Lixing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) is a quantum-limit superconducting optical detector based on the Cooper-pair breaking effect by a single photon, which exhibits a higher detection efficiency, lower dark count rate, higher counting rate, and lower timing jitter when compared with those exhibited by its counterparts. SNSPDs have been extensively applied in quantum information processing, including quantum key distribution and optical quantum computation. In this review, we present the requirements of single-photon detectors from quantum information, as well as the principle, key metrics, latest performance issues, and other issues associated with SNSPD. The representative applications of SNSPDs with respect to quantum information will also be covered.
Predictive and generative machine learning models for photonic crystals
Authors: Christensen Thomas , Loh Charlotte , Picek Stjepan , Jakobović Domagoj , Jing Li , Fisher Sophie , Ceperic Vladimir , Joannopoulos John D. , Soljačić Marin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe prediction and design of photonic features have traditionally been guided by theory-driven computational methods, spanning a wide range of direct solvers and optimization techniques. Motivated by enormous advances in the field of machine learning, there has recently been a growing interest in developing complementary data-driven methods for photonics. Here, we demonstrate several predictive and generative data-driven approaches for the characterization and inverse design of photonic crystals. Concretely, we built a data set of 20,000 two-dimensional photonic crystal unit cells and their associated band structures, enabling the training of supervised learning models. Using these data set, we demonstrate a high-accuracy convolutional neural network for band structure prediction, with orders-of-magnitude speedup compared to conventional theory-driven solvers. Separately, we demonstrate an approach to high-throughput inverse design of photonic crystals via generative adversarial networks, with the design goal of substantial transverse-magnetic band gaps. Our work highlights photonic crystals as a natural application domain and test bed for the development of data-driven tools in photonics and the natural sciences.
Perovskite nanowire lasers on low-refractive-index conductive substrate for high-Q and low-threshold operation
Authors: Markina Daria I. , Pushkarev Anatoly P. , Shishkin Ivan I. , Komissarenko Filipp E. , Berestennikov Alexander S. , Pavluchenko Alexey S. , Smirnova Irina P. , Markov Lev K. , Vengris Mikas , Zakhidov Anvar A. , Makarov Sergey V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Over the last five years, inorganic lead halide perovskite nanowires have emerged as prospective candidates to supersede standard semiconductor analogs in advanced photonic designs and optoelectronic devices. In particular, CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite materials have great advantages over conventional semiconductors such as defect tolerance, highly efficient luminescence, and the ability to form regularly shaped nano- and microcavities from solution via fast crystallization. However, on the way of electrically pumped lasing, the perovskite nanowires grown on transparent conductive substrates usually suffer from strong undesirable light leakage increasing their threshold of lasing. Here, we report on the integration of CsPbBr3 nanowires with nanostructured indium tin oxide substrates possessing near-unity effective refractive index and high conductivity by using a simple wet chemical approach. Surface passivation of the substrates is found out to govern the regularity of the perovskite resonators’ shape. The nanowires show room-temperature lasing with ultrahigh quality factors (up to 7860) which are up to four times higher than that of similar structures on a flat indium tin oxide layer, resulting in more than twofold reduction of the lasing threshold for the nanostructured substrate. Numerical modeling of eigenmodes of the nanowires confirms the key role of low-refractive-index substrate for improved light confinement in the Fabry–Pérot cavity which results in superior laser performance.
All-dielectric metasurfaces for polarization manipulation: principles and emerging applications
Authors: Hu Yueqiang , Wang Xudong , Luo Xuhao , Ou Xiangnian , Li Ling , Chen Yiqin , Ping Yang  , Wang Shuai , Duan Huigao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Metasurfaces, composed of specifically designed subwavelength units in a two-dimensional plane, offer a new paradigm to design ultracompact optical elements that show great potentials for miniaturizing optical systems. In the past few decades, metasurfaces have drawn broad interests in multidisciplinary communities owing to their capability of manipulating various parameters of the light wave with plentiful functionalities. Among them, pixelated polarization manipulation in the subwavelength scale is a distinguished ability of metasurfaces compared to traditional optical components. However, the inherent ohmic loss of plasmonic-type metasurfaces severely hinders their broad applications due to the low efficiency. Therefore, metasurfaces composed of high-refractive-index all-dielectric antennas have been proposed to achieve high-efficiency devices. Moreover, anisotropic dielectric nanostructures have been shown to support large refractive index contrast between orthogonal polarizations of light and thus provide an ideal platform for polarization manipulation. Herein, we present a review of recent progress on all-dielectric metasurfaces for polarization manipulation, including principles and emerging applications. We believe that high efficient all-dielectric metasurfaces with the unprecedented capability of the polarization control can be widely applied in areas of polarization detection and imaging, data encryption, display, optical communication and quantum optics to realize ultracompact and miniaturized optical systems.
Nanoscale control of single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer by a scanning photonic nanoantenna
Authors: Sanz-Paz Maria , Wenger Jerome , van Hulst Niek F. , Mivelle Mathieu , Garcia-Parajo Maria F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a widely applied technique in biology to accurately measure intra- and inter-molecular interactions at the nanometre scale. FRET is based on near-field energy transfer from an excited donor to a ground state acceptor emitter. Photonic nanoantennas have been shown to modify the rate, efficiency and extent of FRET, a process that is highly dependent on the near-field gradient of the antenna field as felt by the emitters, and thus, on their relative distance. However, most of the experiments reported to date focus on fixed antennas where the emitters are either immobilized or diffusing in solution, so that the distance between the antenna and the emitters cannot be manipulated. Here, we use scanning photonic nanoantenna probes to directly modulate the FRET efficiency between individual FRET pairs with an unprecedented nanometric lateral precision of 2 nm on the antenna position. We find that the antenna acts as an independent acceptor element, competing with the FRET pair acceptor. We directly map the competition between FRET and donor-antenna transfer as a function of the relative position between the antenna and the FRET donor-acceptor pair. The experimental data are well-described by FDTD simulations, confirming that the modulation of FRET efficiency is due to the spatially dependent coupling of the single FRET pair to the photonic antenna.
Terahertz plasmonic phase-jump manipulator for liquid sensing
Authors: Huang Yi , Zhong Shuncong , Shi Tingting , Shen Yao-chun , Cui Daxiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) plasmonic sensors has been regarded as exciting advances in biomedical engineering, due to their real-time, label-free, and ultrasensitive monitoring features. But actually, its widespread application remains impeded by poor modulation properties of operating frequency, single amplitude characterization method, and limited to low-loss substances. In the work, an ultraprecision THz sensor is achieved with direct phase readout capacity via combining steerable plasmonic resonance and attenuated total reflection. Interestingly, the oft-neglected THz phase were found to be ideal for plasmonic sensing characterization. Detailed investigation shows that the reflected THz phase exhibits two entirely different jump responses to coupling gap. Remarkably, the Q-factor of phase spectra for optimal coupling gaps, are generally higher than that of fixed coupling gaps, which falls within the range of 9.7–43.4 (4–26 times higher than its counterpart in amplitude measurements) in liquids sensing. The unique phase-jump responses on metasurfaces pave the way for novel THz sensing methods.
Resisted Sled Training for Young Athletes: When to Push and Pull
Authors: Cahill Micheál J. , Cronin John B. , Oliver Jon L. , Clark Kenneth P. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Cross Matt R. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
There is a renewed interest is resisted sled training (RST); however, little uniformity exists regarding the integration of best practices in RST for young athletes. This article reviews the prescription of load, methods of RST, and the integration of sprint-specific periodized training blocks during the preparatory phase to elicit the greatest gains within different phases of sprint performance such as early acceleration, late acceleration, and the transition to maximum velocity. A targeted, long-term approach to RST may enable more effective development of speed in young athletes.
Physical Characteristics and the Talent Identification and Development Processes in Male Youth Soccer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kelly Adam L. , Williams Craig A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Talent identification and development in male youth soccer are complex and multidimensional processes. The English Football Association “4 Corner Model” is often adopted by academies to support coaches and practitioners to implement a multidisciplinary approach to their talent identification and development framework. This holistic approach is characterized by technical/tactical, psychological, social, and physical attributes, which are central to academy recruitment and individual long-term athlete development. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a critical synthesis of the physical characteristics within this model, which facilitate talent identification and development, namely physical performance, growth and maturation, and the relative age effect.
cnd-1/NeuroD1 Functions with the Homeobox Geneceh-5/Vax2 and Hox Geneceh-13/labial To Specify Aspects of RME and DD Neuron Fate inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Aquino-Nunez Wendy , Mielko Zachery E , Dunn Trae , Santorella Elise M , Hosea Ciara , Leitner Lauren , McCalla Derrica , Simms Claire , Verola Wendy M , Vijaykumar Sharanya , Hudson Martin L 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIdentifying the mechanisms behind neuronal fate specification are key to understanding normal neural development in addition to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. In vivo cell fate specification is difficult to study in vertebrates. However, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, with its invariant cell lineage and simple nervous system of 302 neurons, is an ideal organism to explore the earliest stages of neural development. We used a comparative transcriptome approach to examine the role of cnd-1/NeuroD1 in C. elegans nervous system development and function. This basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor is deeply conserved across phyla and plays a crucial role in cell fate specification in both the vertebrate nervous system and pancreas. We find that cnd-1 controls expression of ceh-5, a Vax2-like homeobox class transcription factor, in the RME head motorneurons and PVQ tail interneurons. We also show that cnd-1 functions redundantly with the Hox gene ceh-13/labial in defining the fate of DD1 and DD2 embryonic ventral nerve cord motorneurons. These data highlight the utility of comparative transcriptomes for identifying transcription factor targets and understanding gene regulatory networks.
Evaluación y coevaluación de aprendizajes en blended learning en educación superior
Authors: Maureira-Cabrera Oscar , Vásquez-Astudillo Mario , Garrido-Valdenegro Francisco , Olivares-Silva María José 
Published: June 2020

El estudio evalúa la utilización de herramientas tecnológicas para implementar evaluación y coevaluación realizada por los estudiantes, en función del aprendizaje autónomo y la evaluación por parte del profesor, aprovechando el potencial de la retroalimentación instantánea de las herramientas que disponen los Ambientes Virtuales de Aprendizaje. La extensa implementación de estos ambientes virtuales en la educación superior hace que el blended learning sea una nueva normalidad, automatizando y facilitando el monitoreo de los avances en el aprendizaje, a través de la gestión pedagógica de prácticas efectivas. La propuesta de innovación propende al desarrollo de la autonomía y protagonismo de estudiantes en el logro de sus aprendizajes. El diseño metodológico es correlacional que busca establecer la asociación entre la confección de preguntas y resolución de test online por parte de los estudiantes y su nivel de desempeño en pruebas de conocimiento administradas por el profesor. Se aplicó en seis grupos de las cohortes 2016 y 2017 en la asignatura Investigación Educativa para carreras de pedagogías de una universidad chilena. Los principales resultados apuntan a una significativa correlación entre uso del ambiente virtual en la construcción y aplicación de instrumento tipo test y los resultados de desempeño en pruebas de conocimiento. Se concluye que el aprendizaje de los alumnos se potencia, al integrar la evaluación como parte del proceso formativo con un rol activo y autónomo de los estudiantes con apoyo de tecnologías.
“What more can we ask for?”: an ethnographic study of challenges and possibilities for people living with haemophilia
Authors: Hughes Thomas , Brok-Kristensen Mikkel , Gargeya Yosha , Worsøe Lottrup Anne Mette , Bo Larsen Ask , Torres-Ortuño Ana , Mackett Nicki , Stevens John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Haemophilia treatment has improved life expectancy as well as lowered annual bleed rates and treatment burden for recent generations of people with haemophilia (PwH). However, PwH still face significant disease-related challenges on a day-to-day basis.

Aims
The aim of the present study was to explore the everyday life of PwH, including their beliefs and experiences related to their condition, their treatment, the challenges they face, and their ways of managing their condition.

Materials and methods
PwH were recruited through patient organisations in five European countries (Italy, Germany, Spain, UK and Ireland). Between 8–12 hours were spent with each person with haemophilia and/or their family, to follow them in their daily lives. Patient consultations with health care professionals (HCPs) were also observed when it was agreed in advance by both parties. In addition, HCPs were interviewed and haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) were visited. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, written exercises, facilitated group dialogues, and on-site observations of the interactions of PwH with friends, family, and HCPs.

Results
Research was conducted with 42 people with haemophilia A and 9 people with haemophilia B, between 1.5 and 82 years of age. Interviews often included the wider social ecology of each PwH, including friends, family, and caregivers. In addition, 18 HCPs from seven HTCs were interviewed (on-site observation was carried out at six HTCs). The study found that despite treatment adherence and advances in treatment approaches, many PwH may be suboptimally protected and still experienced regular bleeds, pain and restrictions in their daily life. Moreover, many had built a narrative of normalcy around this way of living with haemophilia, and as such these issues are an expected and neglected reality of living with haemophilia today.

Conclusions
The results of this research indicate the need for more personalised and optimised treatment approaches which are better adapted to personal and life-stage specific challenges of PwH. Such an approach could help reduce challenges for PwH, their families, and the health care system, and further research into such approaches would be valuable.
Development and clinical feasibility testing of the Pain Treatment Planning Questionnaire
Authors: Tupper Susan M , Nilson JoAnn , King Jennifer , Downe Pamela , Hodgson Nancy , Schlosser Tara , Brose Kelsey 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain is common in people with bleeding disorders and can complicate clinical management, impair quality of life, and contribute to disability. People living with bleeding disorders often seek advice on pain management from the bleeding disorder treatment team; however, lack of condition-specific assessment tools to guide clinical communication about pain are a barrier to care.

Aims
To develop and examine the clinical feasibility of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool designed to facilitate pain assessment and support clinical communication about pain for adults attending outpatient bleeding disorder clinics.

Methods
Tool development involved patient cognitive interviews and item refinement by a multidisciplinary clinician and patient working group. Clinical feasibility of the tool was evaluated with a survey of a small clinical sample in an outpatient bleeding disorder clinic. The Pain Treatment Planning Questionnaire (PTPQ) contains 28 items on the pain experience and treatments used to manage or prevent pain.

Results
Participants completing the feasibility testing (n=42, 62% male) reported mild mean pain scores (usual pain μ=2.4, SD=2.0) with the majority (57.1%) reporting persistent pain in the past 30 days. Median PTPQ completion time was five to seven minutes and mean item response rate was 95.2%. The majority (95.2%) of participants found the questionnaire easy to understand, reported no difficulty understanding items, and recommended no changes to the questionnaire.

Conclusions
Preliminary testing among a small sample in a clinical setting suggests that the PTPQ is a clinically feasible, acceptable, condition-specific PRO pain assessment tool for adult patients with bleeding disorders. Further testing is required to determine if the PTPQ affects treatment decision-making and patient outcomes.
Clinical profile of children with haemophilia at the University Hospital of Brazzaville
Authors: Galiba Atipo Tsiba FO , Ngolet OL , Ngakengni NY , Ollandzobo Ikobo LC , Nziengui-Mboumba JV , Elira Dokekias A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Haemophilia is a rare hereditary haemorrhagic disease caused by coagulation factor VIII (haemophilia A) or IX (haemophilia B) deficiency. Very few data exist on this disease in Congo. This survey aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the children affected.

Materials and methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the haematology department of the Brazzaville University Hospital over a period of two years. Children (under 18 years of age) with haemophilia and with a factor VIII or IX level less than or equal to 30% were identified. The parameters analysed included age, diagnostic delay, type and severity of haemophilia, type and frequency of bleeding manifestations, complications and history of transfusion.

Results
Nineteen patients were identified with an average age at diagnosis of four years. The average time to diagnosis was six years, and the most frequent first known bleeding episode was haemorrhage during circumcision. Family history was found in 14 cases. There were 13 cases of haemophilia A and six cases of haemophilia B. Fourteen cases were severe haemophilia; no mild cases were identified. Haemorrhagic manifestations included haemarthrosis, haematomas and mucocutaneous haemorrhages. The average number of haemorrhagic episodes per year was 12. Haemophilic arthropathy was present at diagnosis in seven cases, with the main location being the knee. The average number of hospitalisations before diagnosis was two. Sixteen patients had been transfused at least once.

Conclusion
Although circumcision is the most frequent first known haemorrhagic manifestation of haemophilia in Congo, patients are often diagnosed late, sometimes with severe osteoarticular complications. Further measures are needed to help ensure early diagnosis and improve care.
Türkiye’de Siyasi Partiler Arası Seçim İttifaklarına Yönelik Seçmen Algısı: Karaman İlinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: DİLBER Fadime , USTA Sefa 
Published: June 2020

Kuvvetler ayrılığı prensibi doğrultusunda, hükümet sistemleri içerisinde parlamenter, yarı
başkanlık ve başkanlık sistemleri ön plana çıkmaktadır. Türkiye’de 2018 yılına kadar
parlamenter sistem hüküm sürerken, 16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde gerçekleştirilen referandumla
anayasa değişikliğine gidilmiş ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sisteminin anayasal dayanağı
oluşturulmuştur. 24 Haziran 2018 tarihinde yapılan seçimlerle birlikte Cumhurbaşkanlığı
Hükümet Sistemine geçilmiştir. Bu seçimlerde, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sisteminin bir
sonucu olarak siyasi partiler arası ittifak uygulamasına gidilmiştir. Buradan hareketle hazırlanan
çalışmanın temel iddiası “Türkiye’de Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi’ne geçiş ve seçim
sistemi sebebiyle siyasi partiler arasında ittifak yapılmasının zorunlu hale geldiğidir”. Bu
minvalden hareketle hazırlanan çalışmanın temel amacı, Karaman ili örneğinden hareketle,
Türkiye’de siyasi partiler arası ittifak yapılmasının seçmenler üzerindeki etkisinin irdelenmesidir.
Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan çalışmada ilk olarak Türkiye’de Cumhurbaşkanlığı
Hükümet Sistemi hakkında genel hatlarıyla bilgi verilmekte, Türkiye’de siyasi partiler arası
ittifakın arka planı ele alınıp, 2018 genel seçim sonuçları incelenmektedir. Son olarak,
seçmenlerin siyasi partiler arası ittifaka yönelik algılarını belirlemeye yönelik Karaman il
merkezinde gerçekleştirilen alan araştırması sonucunda elde edilen bilgi ve bulgular
değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmaktadır. Betimsel araştırma yöntemi ve nicel araştırma
yöntemlerinden birisi olan anket tekniğinden yararlanılan çalışmada elde edilen bulgular ve
sonuçlardan ilki, katılımcıların yarısı partiler arası ittifak hakkında net bilgiyi sahip olduğudur.
Partiler arası ittifak yapılmasının oy verme davranışlarını değiştirmediğini belirtenlerin oranı %
33’dür. Katılımcıların yarısı, seçim sistemi sebebiyle, siyasi partilerin tek başına iktidar
olamayacağını düşünmeleri sebebiyle ittifaka yöneldiğini ifade etmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bir
diğer bulgu, yazılı ve görsel medyanın ittifak içinde olan partilerin söylem, aday ve projelerini
tanıtmada etkili olduğudur.
Spinal myoclonus as a rare presentation of neurological disease in Sudan
Authors: A.Ibrahim Etedal Ahmed , M. Osman Asmhan 
Published: June 2020

Background: Spinal Myoclonus is a very rare movement disorder characterized by myoclonic involvement of the whole body. Structural lesions are usually the cause ,but in primary spinal myoclonus the etiology remain un known. Case description: We presented a 50 years old farmer from east of sudan presented with jerky movement affecting whole of his body diagnosed clinically as spinal myoclonus . laboratory study was normal, MRI brain &cervical&dorsal Spine were normal.The patient received clonezepam with marked improvement . CONCLUSION: In any case of spinal myoclonus EEG,EMG&MRI brain &spinal cord must be done to exclude structural lesions. Clonazepam is the drug of choice with magic improvement. in segmental spinal myoclonus botulinum toxin is the best treatment .
Key words: Spinal Myoclonus ,Sudan.