bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment with an Angiopoietin‐1 mimetic peptide promotes neurological recovery after stroke in diabetic rats
Authors: Venkat Poornima , Ning Ruizhuo , Zacharek Alex , Culmone Lauren , Liang Linlin , Landschoot‐Ward Julie , Chopp Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimVasculotide (VT), an angiopoietin‐1 mimetic peptide, exerts neuroprotective effects in type one diabetic (T1DM) rats subjected to ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated whether delayed VT treatment improves long‐term neurological outcome after stroke in T1DM rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were induced with T1DM, subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model of stroke, and treated with PBS (control), 2 µg/kg VT, 3 µg/kg VT, or 5.5 µg/kg VT. VT treatment was initiated at 24 h after stroke and administered daily (i.p) for 14 days. We evaluated neurological function, lesion volume, vascular and white matter remodeling, and inflammation in the ischemic brain. In vitro, we evaluated the effects of VT on endothelial cell capillary tube formation and inflammatory responses of primary cortical neurons (PCN) and macrophages.ResultsTreatment of T1DM‐stroke with 3 µg/kg VT but not 2 µg/kg or 5.5 µg/kg significantly improves neurological function and decreases infarct volume and cell death compared to control T1DM‐stroke rats. Thus, 3 µg/kg VT dose was employed in all subsequent in vivo analysis. VT treatment significantly increases axon and myelin density, decreases demyelination, decreases white matter injury, increases number of oligodendrocytes, and increases vascular density in the ischemic border zone of T1DM stroke rats. VT treatment significantly decreases MMP9 expression and decreases the number of M1 macrophages in the ischemic brain of T1DM‐stroke rats. In vitro, VT treatment significantly decreases endothelial cell death and decreases MCP‐1, endothelin‐1, and VEGF expression under high glucose (HG) and ischemic conditions and significantly increases capillary tube formation under HG conditions when compared to non‐treated control group. VT treatment significantly decreases inflammatory factor expression such as MMP9 and MCP‐1 in macrophages subjected to LPS activation and significantly decreases IL‐1β and MMP9 expression in PCN subjected to ischemia under HG conditions.ConclusionDelayed VT treatment (24 h after stroke) significantly improves neurological function, promotes vascular and white matter remodeling, and decreases inflammation in the ischemic brain after stroke in T1DM rats.
Agricultural soils: A sink or source of methane across the British Isles?
Authors: Cowan Nicholas , Maire Juliette , Krol Dominika , Cloy Joanna M. , Hargreaves Paul , Murphy Rachael , Carswell Alison , Jones Stephanie K. , Hinton Nicola , Anderson Margaret , Famulari Daniela , Bell Madeleine J. , Stack Philip , Levy Peter , Skiba Ute , Drewer Julia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study summarizes a large diverse dataset of methane (CH4) fluxes measured from agricultural sites across the British Isles. A total of 53,976 manual static chamber measurements from 27 different sites were investigated to determine the magnitude of CH4 fluxes from a variety of agricultural fields across the UK and Ireland. Our study shows that contrary to some studies, agricultural soils (both arable and grassland) are small net emitters of CH4 rather than sinks. Mean fluxes measured from arable and grassland sites (excluding fertiliser and tillage events) were 0.11 ± 0.06 and 0.19 ± 0.09 nmol m−2 s−1, respectively, and were not found to be significantly different (Welch t‐test, p = 0.17). Using the values reported in this study, we estimate that an annual emission of 0.16 and 0.09 Mt of CO2‐eq is expected from arable and grassland agricultural soils in the UK and Ireland (comparable to 0.3 and 0.7% of the current annual CH4 emission inventories, respectively). Where CH4 uptake occurs in soils, it is negligible compared to expected emissions of the application of animal manures and tillage events, which were both found to significantly increase CH4 emissions in the immediate few days to months after events. Our study highlights that there are significant differences in CH4 uptake and emissions between sites, and that these differences are partially the result of the moisture content of the soil (i.e., the aerobic status of the soil). We expect uptake of CH4 to be more prevalent in drier soils where volumetric water content does not exceed 35% and emissions to be exponentially greater where agricultural fields become waterlogged.Highlights
This study investigated 53,976 CH4 flux measurements from 27 sites across the UK
Our study shows both arable and grassland soils are small net emitters of CH4
We estimate annual CH4 emissions of 0.16 Mt of CO2‐eq from agricultural soils in the UK
We estimate annual CH4 emissions of 0.09 Mt of CO2‐eq from agricultural soils in Ireland
Non‐banked curved tracks influence movement symmetry in two‐year‐old Standardbred trotters
Authors: Kallerud Anne S. , Hernlund Elin , Byström Anna , Persson‐Sjodin Emma , Rhodin Marie , Hendrickson Eli H.S. , Fjordbakk Cathrine T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known regarding how trotting through curves affects locomotion symmetry in Standardbred trotters.ObjectivesTo investigate differences in objectively measured Standardbred trotter vertical motion symmetry between straight and non‐banked, curved sections of oval trotting tracks during exercise warm‐up, using a wireless inertial measurement unit (IMU) system.Study designCross‐sectional, observational study.MethodsSixteen horses were included. Mixed models were used to assess associations between symmetry, track segment (straight vs curve) and stride duration.ResultsSignificant results for forelimb parameters were dependent on interactions between track segments and stride duration. At mean stride duration (0.611 second), during the curved track segment horses showed a lower maximum vertical position of the head after push‐off of the outside forelimb (estimate −2.3 mm, P < 0.0001, 95% CI −1.7 to −2.9) and higher minimum vertical position of the head during stance of the outside forelimb (estimate −1.8 mm, P < 0.0001, 95% CI −1.2 to −2.5) compared to straight track, mimicking outside forelimb impact and push‐off asymmetry during track curves. For hindlimb parameters, during the curve there was a decreased downward motion of the pelvis during outer hindlimb stance (estimate−0.7 mm, P < 0.0001, 95% CI −0.4 to −1.0), mimicking outside hindlimb impact asymmetry.Main limitationsHorses were evaluated going in one direction only on the track (clockwise).ConclusionsSystematic differences between straight and curved track segments were found but did not fully correspond to previously described findings for horses lunged in circles. Effect sizes were overall small. Data in our study were collected from horses trotting on 1000 m tracks with curve radii of 80‐85 m. On non‐banked tracks of this size, collecting IMU symmetry data at jogging speeds without distinguishing between straight and curved parts is unlikely to adversely affect clinical decision‐making.
Cervical pregnancy management: An updated stepwise approach and algorithm
Authors: Albahlol Ibrahim A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this short review was to present and categorizes most of updated successful interventions for cervical pregnancy (CP) management in a simple designed easily recognized diagram together with a proposed algorithm of these interventions beside author clinical experience. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in the following electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals and Cochrane electronic databases. Keywords including cervical ectopic pregnancy, medical treatment, conservative management, successful interventions, uterine artery embolization and hysteroscopy were used to search these various databases. There are different successful CP management interventions reported in the literature varied from simple to complex regimens according to the patient situation, obstetrician experience and availability of health services. These approaches were categorized in a stepwise diagram and a proposed algorithm. Up till now, there is no consensus regarding the optimal CP management. To the best of knowledge, this review was unprecedented in organizing and categorizing the different successful CP management interventions. The proposed currently undertaken stepwise approach diagram and algorithm highlights the rapidly changing management of CP and open the door for further meta‐analysis.
Impact of flow and temperature on non‐dyspnoeic dogs' tolerance undergoing high‐flow oxygen therapy
Authors: Harduin C. , Allaouchiche B. , Nègre J. , Goy‐Thollot I. , Barthélemy A. , Fougeray A. , Baudin F. , Bonnet‐Garin J. M. , Pouzot‐Nevoret C. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo prospectively describe the impact of gas flow rate and temperature on dog's tolerance of high‐flow nasal oxygen therapy during recovery from anaesthesia, hypothesizing that higher flow rates and temperatures will decrease tolerance.Materials and MethodsTwelve non‐dyspnoeic client‐owned dogs recovering from general anaesthesia were included in this study. After extubation, a nasal cannula was positioned and high‐flow nasal oxygen therapy was initiated. Two flow rates (two or four time the theoretical minute ventilation: HF2 and HF4), each of them combined with two temperatures (31 and 37°C: T31 and T37), were randomly applied (four conditions per dog). For each condition, cardiovascular and respiratory parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic arterial blood pressure and pulse oximeter oxygen saturation), sedation score and tolerance score were recorded at initiation (T0) and after 10 minutes of accommodation (T10).ResultsSedation scores were not significantly different between the four conditions. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were not significantly different between any condition at both T0 and T10. Tolerance scores were good and not significantly different between any flow rate or temperature (HF2‐T31: 4 (2‐4), HF4‐T31: 4 (2‐4), HF2‐T37: 4 (2‐4), HF4‐T37: 4 (1‐4)).Clinical SignificanceThe gas flow rates and temperatures studied have no impact on tolerance during the recovery period of non‐dyspnoeic dogs, and high‐flow nasal cannula is well tolerated. Further studies are required to confirm these results in dyspnoeic dogs.
The sudden stops of debt‐led capital inflows, credit crunch, and exchange rate regimes
Authors: Guo Feng , Li Jie , Li Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBased on the data of 70 developing countries during 1970–2015, we empirically study the relationship between international capital flows and domestic credit. We find that the sudden stop of debt‐led net capital inflows is significantly associated with a domestic credit crunch in developing countries. Moreover, we use the method of event analysis to discover that a flexible exchange rate regime offsets the severity of the credit crunch. These empirical findings are robust to different measures of sudden stops and endogeneity tests.
A Systems Approach to Estimating the Uncertainty Limits of X-Ray Radiographic Metrology
Authors: Panas Robert M. , Cuadra Jefferson A. , Mohan K. Aditya , Morales Rosa E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Micro- and nanomanufacturing capabilities have rapidly expanded over the past decade to include complex three-dimensional (3D) structure fabrication; however, the metrology required to accurately assess these processes via part inspection and characterization has struggled to keep pace. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is considered an ideal candidate for providing the critically needed metrology on the smallest scales, especially internal features, or inaccessible regions. X-ray CT supporting micro- and nanomanufacturing often push against the poorly understood resolution and variation limits inherent to the machines, which can distort or hide fine structures. We develop and experimentally verify a comprehensive analytical uncertainty propagation signal variation flow graph (SVFG) model for X-ray radiography in this work to better understand resolution and image variability limits on the small scale. The SVFG approach captures, quantifies, and predicts variations occurring in the system that limit metrology capabilities, particularly in the micro/nanodomain. This work is the first step to achieving full uncertainty modeling of CT reconstructions and provides insight into improving X-ray attenuation imaging systems. The SVFG methodology framework is applied to generate a complete basis set of functions describing the major sources of variation in radiographs. Five models are identified, covering variation in energy, intensity, length, blur, and position. Radiographic system experiments are defined to measure the parameters required by the SVFGs. Best practices are identified for these measurements. The SVFG models are confirmed via direct measurement of variation to predict variation within 30% on average.
A Qualitative Exploration of Perceptions of a Digital Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Older Adults
Authors: Pollet Sebastien , Denison-Day James , Bradbury Katherine , Essery Rosie , Grey Elisabeth , Western Max , Mowbray Fiona , Smith Kirsten A. , Slodkowska-Barabasz Joanna , Mutrie Nanette , Little Paul , Yardley Lucy 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:This study explored participant views of a web-based physical activity intervention for older adults and examined how they resonate with the key principles that guided intervention development.Methods:Qualitative interviews were carried out with 52 older adults. A deductive qualitative analysis approach was taken, based around the intervention’s key principles.Results:Participants expressed mostly positive views of the intervention features, broadly confirming the appropriateness of the key principles, which were to: (a) encourage intrinsic motivation for physical activity, (b) minimize the risk of users receiving activity suggestions that are inappropriate or unsafe, (c) offer users choice regarding the activities they engage with and build confidence to undertake more activity, and (d) minimize the cognitive load and need to engage with the intervention website. The findings also identified ways in which content could be improved to further increase acceptability.Conclusion:This study illustrates how using the person-based approach has enabled the identification and implementation of features that older adults appreciate.
Particle spectrum of the Reissner–Nordström black hole
Authors: Good Michael R. R. , Ong Yen Chin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Reissner–Nordström black hole – moving mirror correspondence is solved. The beta coefficients reveal that charge makes a black hole radiate fewer particles (neutral massless scalars) per frequency. An old Reissner–Nordström black hole emits particles in an explicit Planck distribution with temperature corresponding to the surface gravity of its outer horizon.
Back to Basics: Redefining Health and Well-being in Unprecedented Times
Authors: Menon Nimitha , Laverock Amy , Parker Kristin 
Published: December 2020

Human capital is undoubtedly one of the main engines of any successful business, and there is nothing more critical to the overall health of a business than ensuring health and safety of its people. Employers are uniquely positioned to improve health and safety through the workplace, yet many organisations struggle to decode the right formula for impactful initiatives and measuring success. It is particularly timely, as the ‘new normal’ of work has pushed workforce well-being up to the top of the priority list. Evidence supports that a healthy and safe workforce can provide a competitive business advantage by positively impacting productivity, business output, sustainability and corporate brand and reputation. The article shares insights into the evolving well-being risk, social profile and medical trends globally with country-specific highlights. We delve into the survey findings on employer and employee perspective of well-being and expectation on the solutions that can support in ensuring overall well-being.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers on measuring adult vitamin D level, diagnosis of deficiency, and management of consequent health conditions in three ecologies of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mekonnen Wubegzier , Feleke Yeweyenhareg , Desalegn Yakob , Tarekegne Getahun , Lambisso Biruk , Haidar Jemal , Zewede Tewabech 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D is essential for health and its shortage exacerbates overall mortality. Health care workers (HCWs) need to educate on its uses and sources although studies indicate their low level of practice. The main aim of this study is therefore to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of measuring adult vitamin D status, diagnosis of deficiency and managing health consequences among HCWs in Ethiopia.

Methods
This study was conducted in three ecologies covering lowland, midland and highland districts. A total of 405 health care workers with different levels were interviewed. Tablets were used for data collection to archiving in a cloud server. Data were exported to Stata version 14 software for cleaning and analysis. Rates were computed and the Chi-square test was used to compare differences between the two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the strength, direction and significance of the association between different covariates and the practice of HCWs.

Result
The level of knowledge, positive attitude and good practice in measuring adult vitamin D status, diagnosis of deficiency and managing health consequences among HCWs was 210 (51.8%), 261(63.5%) and 195(47.4%) respectively. The odds of good practice in the provision of adult vitamin D service were AOR = 6.87: 95% CI (3.57, 13.21) and AOR = 2.20: 95% CI (1.23, 3.92) times higher among HCWs in Addis Ababa and highlands compared with those working in lowlands. Good practice among clinicians was AOR = 4.26: 95% CI (1.48, 12.25) times higher compared with those working in leadership positions. The likelihood was AOR = 1.96: 95% CI (1.19, 3.23) times higher among those with good knowledge compared with those with poor knowledge. Besides, good practice in adult vitamin D service provision was AOR = 2.30: 95% CI (1.40, 3.78) times higher among those with positive attitude compared with those who had negative attitude.

Conclusions
A little over half of HCWs have good knowledge and close to two-thirds of them have positive attitude while less than half of them have good practice on adult vitamin D deficiency. Besides, HCWs’ residential ecology, clinical position, knowledge and attitude is associated with good practice on adult vitamin D. It is essential to provide rigorous and continuous training for HCWs focusing on their deployment ecology.
Human rights in patient care: a special collection
Authors: Ezer Tamar , Overall Judy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis piece introduces the special Public Health Reviews collection on human rights in patient care (HRPC). Work on HRPC dates back to 2007 and an Open Society Foundations initiative in collaboration with partners in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We found that for marginalized groups, health care settings often were places of coercion, punishment, and/or violence rather than of treatment or care. At the same time, health care providers often did not know of their legal obligations and how to incorporate human rights norms in their work. They themselves faced a lack of independence, unsafe working conditions, and sanctions for providing evidence-based care. Laws existed that could potentially address violations, but they were rarely enforced, and most people did not know what they were. HRPC brings human rights principles to health care delivery and addresses the rights of both patients and health care providers. It seeks to translate laws and procedures protecting rights into practical terms, linking national, regional, and international frameworks. The special collection explores various aspects of HRPC, including state responsibility in private health facilities, reproductive health, palliative care, and intersections with public health. It further explores dimensions relevant to particular populations, including Roma, people who use drugs, and transgender persons.
IgG4-related lymphadenopathy – a difficult diagnosis
Authors: Gaspar Balan Louis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated non-neoplastic disease associated with IgG4 positive plasma cells and fibrosis that often presents as a mass lesion. Although the disease could affect virtually any anatomical site, there are strong predilections for certain organs. IgG4-related lymphadenopathy can exhibit a broad morphologic spectrum. We describe a patient with IgG4-related lymphadenopathy with overlapping histological features that proved to be a diagnostic red herring.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old gentleman with multiple co-morbidities presented with obstructive jaundice, elevated transaminases, and bilateral inguinal and left axillary lymphadenopathy. Imaging of the abdomen and pelvis showed circumferential soft tissue thickening resulting in luminal narrowing of common and proximal bile duct with upstream intrahepatic biliary radicle dilatation, multiple enlarged lymph nodes, and homogenous soft tissue lesions in the tail of the pancreas and bilateral renal cortical parenchyma with perinephric soft tissue extension. Left inguinal, and axillary lymph node excision biopsies were suggestive of IgG4-RD. Serum IgG4 levels performed subsequently, were markedly elevated. The patient was treated with prednisone which led to resolutions of his symptoms, reduction in the size of the lesions, and reversal of abnormal laboratory parameters.

Conclusion
The diagnosis of IgG4-RD in lymph node excision biopsy is a difficult call to make and needs a multidisciplinary team. An early diagnosis renders timely intervention and prevents the progression of the disease and its complications.