bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Human Plasma Gelsolin Improves Survival and Attenuates Lung Injury in a Murine Model of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia
Authors: DiNubile Mark J , Levinson Susan L , Stossel Thomas P , Lawrenz Matthew B , Warawa Jonathan M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlasma gelsolin (pGSN) is an abundant circulating protein quickly consumed by extensive tissue damage. Marked depletion is associated with later poor outcomes in diverse clinical circumstances. Repletion with recombinant human (rhu)–pGSN in animal models of inflammation lessens mortality and morbidity.MethodsNeutropenic mice were treated with different meropenem doses ±12 mg of rhu-pGSN commencing 1 day before an intratracheal challenge with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Survival, bacterial counts, and pulmonary pathology were compared between corresponding meropenem groups with and without rhu-pGSN.ResultsOverall survival was 35/64 (55%) and 46/64 (72%) in mice given meropenem without and with rhu-pGSN, respectively (Δ = 17%; 95% CI, 1–34). In control mice receiving meropenem 1250 mg/kg/d where the majority died, the addition of rhu-pGSN increased survival from 5/16 (31%) to 12/16 (75%) (Δ = 44%; 95% CI, 13–75). Survival with minor lung injury was found in 26/64 (41%) mice receiving only meropenem, vs 38/64 (59%) in mice given meropenem plus rhu-pGSN (Δ = 19%; 95% CI, 2–36).ConclusionsIn a series of dose-ranging experiments, both mortality and lung injury were reduced by the addition of rhu-pGSN to meropenem against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Rhu-pGSN offers a novel candidate therapy for antibiotic-resistant pneumonia.
Human and Divine Selves
Authors: Brown Samuel Morris 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Joseph Smith and his early Mormon followers loved and embraced many Enlightenment ideas of selfhood—human agency, freedom of religious expression, and an extremely high anthropology. In this respect, they sound modern, even emphatically so. But they also saw modern individualism as an oppressive prison. They sought a mechanism to transform themselves into the best of both humans and gods. The mechanism by which they achieved these ontological changes was what Smith—following and modifying generations of Christian thought—called translation. He elaborated multiple avenues out of the prison of modern individualism, including sacred movement through space, even to a physical heaven, and establishment of otherworldly communitarian settlements based on the model of a primordial city called Zion and led by the mystical hero Enoch. The ways Latter-day Saints navigated the incipient tensions of church versus state reflected their position, standing askew to the usual positions of modern Western thought.
The Egyptian Bible and the Cosmic Order
Authors: Brown Samuel Morris 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Latter-day Saint Book of Abraham is an excellent test case for understanding Smith’s complementary modes of translation. Both insiders and outsiders have used a narrow linguistic model to understand Smith’s encounter with ancient Egyptian papyri he purchased in Ohio in 1835. But, according to the logic of early Mormon thought, the translation problems at hand were metaphysical as well as linguistic. The written texts of Smith’s Egyptian project were a subset of the spiritual gift of glossolalia, in this case graphic glossolalia. This spiritual gift generated an Egyptian Bible that became central to the Nauvoo temple liturgy, which served as the ritual infrastructure of Smith’s Chain of Belonging (his recasting of the traditional Chain of Being). The Egyptian Bible was thus an important example of the metaphysics of translation and the connective tissue between Smith’s early scriptures and the ultimate ritual system that merged humans and texts.
The Gun Gap
Authors: Joslyn Mark R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To understand public opinion and political behavior, researchers typically sort people by self-identified groupings such as party identification, race, gender, education, and income. This book advances gun owners as a new classification. It demonstrates a “gun gap,” which captures the differences between gun owners and nonowners, and shows how this gap improves conventional models of political behavior. The gun gap in fact represents an important explanation for voter choice, voter turnout, perceptions of personal and public safety, preferences for gun control policies, and support for the death penalty. Moreover, the gun gap is growing. During the 1970s and 1980s, it was small. However, legislative battles over guns in the early 1990s marked a significant growth in the gun gap that continues to this day. The 2016 presidential election witnessed the largest recorded gun gap in history. The gun gap in voter choice was nearly three times larger in 2016 than the gender gap, and it exceeded age and education gaps by notable margins. This book also focuses on variation among gun owners. Gun owners are not a monolith but exhibit attitudinal and behavioral differences that can be as large as the gap between gun owners and nonowners. The gun gap thus affords a new and compelling vantage point to evaluate modern mass politics.
“Men Don’t Sing Soprano”
Authors: Jones Alisha Lola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Male soprano sound in gospel choral participation has come to be a locus for scrutiny, representing a site for the vocalized performance of identity. Drawing on a case study of African-American countertenor Patrick Dailey and an ethnography of his live performance, chapter 2 observes a black countertenor’s embodiment of gendered sound and the peculiar vocal qualities that are socioculturally perceived to signify a man’s queer potential. African-American gospel singing challenges the gender binary framework that the American public expects of men as singing low and women as singing high. Dailey’s performance engages African-American audiences through various types of cultural familiarity to portray competency as a worship leader and trained artist.
Ritualizing the Unspoken
Authors: Jones Alisha Lola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 continues exploration of Tonéx’s Unspoken album to consider unspokenness as a means of decentering the primacy of oration in African American worship leadership, while bringing to center the power of presence in ministry when the posture of standing in one’s truth is assumed in public worship. While music scholars have researched the moments in which the musical rest is a facet of sound, chapter 6 contends that unspokenness is a prized aspect of African American orality and nonverbal communication. More than a silent treatment, unspokenness manages musical moments in the face of censorship and oppression, during worship experiences where queer potential is assessed and rebuked. The multifold notion of standing in one’s truth is an animating principle that symbolizes a queer ministry of presence.
The Battle for the Clergy
Authors: Compton John W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Covering the period from 1945 to 1960, this chapter examines a series of clergy education initiatives that attempted to build support for libertarian economic ideas. Launched by conservative activists and organizations, these programs sought to undermine clerical support for the New Deal–era welfare state, but they mostly ended in failure. With financial support from the wealthy oil executive J. Howard Pew, organizations like Spiritual Mobilization and the Christian Freedom Foundation spread the gospel of free enterprise using newsletters, radio broadcasts, and sermon contests. But polls funded by Pew himself found they had little impact on the political or economic views of rank-and-file ministers. The National Association of Manufacturers’ (NAM) clergy-industry program was marginally more successful, though its organizers were similarly disappointed at their inability to stoke clerical opposition to the New Deal/Fair Deal agenda. The chapter concludes with a series of observations on why Christian Libertarianism gained little traction with either ministers or lay people during the 1950s.
Alan Rabinowitz and the Jaguar
Authors: Toohey Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
What is it in a human brain that allows some individuals to like to wait when placed in a situation where most people, consumed by fear, would bolt? There are two brain chemicals that appear to enable an individual’s capacity to wait. Both seem to do this by “modulating” ort enabling the value of waiting for a reward to come. There are two great enablers of waiting, the neuromodulators dopamine and serotonin. In this chapter I’ll attempt to exemplify the operation of the neuromodulator serotonin in the life of the scientist, author, and big cat expert, Alan Rabinowitz. Fort the operation of dopamine, I’ll look at, amongst others, the famous sniper, Chris Kyle.
Setting the Scene
Authors: Whitmore Aleysia K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Part I examines the world music industry from the points of view of European and American industry personnel (e.g., booking agents, record labels personnel, tour managers). Chapter 1 contextualizes the world music industry in the larger music and culture industries. Since its birth in 1987, world music has been a vague category. It has encompassed an enormous variety of music: traditional and folk musics, newly composed traditional musics, and vintage and contemporary popular musics. What, then, is “world music”? Where did it come from? After providing a historical overview of world music through its emergence as a genre category in the 1980s and its growth in the ’90s, the chapter examines how culture industries have, in collaboration with consumers, developed a market for, and expectations of, ethnic “others” in Europe and North America.
Postlude
Authors: Whitmore Aleysia K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Postlude examines how musicians, industry personnel, and audiences today reflect on the history of the industry and its future. New technologies and platforms offer exciting new tools for participating in the genre culture and for addressing the issues of (mis)representation and power asymmetries that world music has been grappling with for the last thirty years. New world music 2.0 actors are redefining world music and rejecting the label altogether. However, they also confront the same challenges as their predecessors. While they denounce “old” world music, power asymmetries, self-righteous attitudes, and colonialist associations, they too find themselves negotiating which sounds to record, how to sell them, and what values and identities these musics carry with them. This chapter argues that those working in world music 1.0 and 2.0 should speak with one another—collaborate—in order to productively negotiate these issues in the context of a changing genre culture.
Biblical Exegesis and Early Modern Legal History in Calvin’s Mosaic Harmony
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The chapter examines John Calvin’s commentary on Exodus through Deuteronomy (1563) through the lens of sixteenth-century historical jurisprudence, exemplified in the works of Calvin’s contemporaries François de Connan and François Baudouin. Recent scholarship has demonstrated how Calvin’s historicizing exegesis is in continuity with broader contemporary trends in premodern Christian biblical interpretation; this chapter explores another essential context for Calvin’s approach to the Bible. The intermingling of narrative and legal material in these four biblical books inspired Calvin to break with his customary practice of lectio continua and apply his historical hermeneutic more broadly and creatively to explain the Mosaic histories and legislation. Calvin’s unusual and unprecedented arrangement of the material in this commentary and his attention to the relationship between law and history reveal his engagement with his generation’s quest for historical method.
The Ethics of Capitalism
Authors: Halliday Daniel , Thrasher John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This book acquaints the reader with arguments for the moral foundations of market society, as well as the applications of these arguments. Broadly, the book encourages a distinction between capitalism construed as an ideal rather than as a label for the economic status quo and its associated injustices. These foundational arguments are compared with arguments in favor of socialism. Special attention is paid to historically significant figures such as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, and F.A. Hayek. Later chapters deal with more specific and contemporary themes. These include problems not fully foreseen by historic proponents of market order, such as the challenges of climate change, competitive consumption, and the need for an institutionalized order for global trade. Other chapters focus on institutions familiar to most market societies, such as a welfare state, as well as alternatives, such as basic income. Overall, the book seeks to both revisit historically influential arguments for capitalism while also seeking to examine how these historical views stand up to contemporary challenges of economic justice. The book is written primarily for an audience of undergraduates (including majors in the humanities and the social sciences). But it would also be useful for anyone seeking a summary of major themes in political economy, particularly those with moral significance.
Introduction
Authors: Halliday Daniel , Thrasher John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents the basic question of this textbook: what might be meant by asking about the “ethics” of capitalism? And what makes this question so important that it gets its own book? The chapter then proceeds by first clarifying the intellectual discipline of political economy, emphasizing its philosophical and moralized content. This helps draw attention to the problem of economic justice. The chapter then distinguishes capitalism from alternative institutional systems before articulating the key questions about capitalism and justice that will be discussed in the larger body of the book, as well as the methods used to consider various answers to such questions.
Capitalism Seemed Like a Good Idea at the Time
Authors: Halliday Daniel , Thrasher John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter seeks to convey the way in which political economy, as an academic discipline, attempts to unify what are now recognized as the distinct disciplines of economics and political philosophy. This will be done largely by way of a historical narrative, one that details the rise of political economy and the authors behind it, such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill, before providing some reasons for its decline in the 20th century as academia underwent increased specialization and fragmentation. This will provide some background for appreciating the comeback that political economy is now enjoying, as another golden age is perhaps approaching.
Market Order and Market Failure
Authors: Halliday Daniel , Thrasher John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents and discusses the most influential argument in favor of a capitalist economy characterized by widespread economic freedom as opposed to central government planning. Capitalist ecnonomies, on this traditional view, are better than planning because they are efficient. Normatively this is important since human welfare is important. Capitalism delivers the goods better than the alternative in terms of both the goods that are produced and the welfare that it generates. This is argument relies on the importance markets and trade to produce price signals disperse private, often implicit knowledge through a public signal. Capitlist markets are, in this sense, spontaneous orders that work best when left alone. The chapter then examines some counterarguments that emphasize the limits of price signaling and other alleged cases of “market failure.”
The Welfare State and Its Rivals
Authors: Halliday Daniel , Thrasher John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter looks at some leading proposals for dealing with the fact that the labor market confers rewards unequally. Over the years, governments have made various attempts to correct for this by regulating or intervening with the labor market, such as the minimum wage and the welfare state. After discussing these familiar solutions, the chapter examines some proposals that have not (yet) been widely implemented through labor market legislation, such as universal basic income. These proposals have interesting philosophical arguments behind them and which seek to improve on what governments currently do. They also raise a number of interesting questions about the nature of work and ideas of meritocracy in the workplace.
Introduction
Authors: Poznansky Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces the central question at the heart of this book, namely why leaders sometimes opt for covert action when pursuing regime change rather than pursuing overt alternatives. It begins with several empirical puzzles. For example, why did the United States openly help overthrow Muammar Gaddafi in Libya in 2011 but opt for covert action in the quest to topple Bashar al-Assad in Syria a year later despite the fact that both episodes involved humanitarian catastrophes spurred on by brutal dictators with a history of acrimonious relations with the West? The remainder of the chapter summarizes the book’s central theoretical argument, defines key terms, explains the importance of studying the phenomenon under investigation, and highlights the primary scholarly contributions. It also provides a roadmap for each of the subsequent chapters contained in the rest of the book.
The Evolution of Nonintervention
Authors: Poznansky Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter traces the evolution of the nonintervention principle from its inception in the mid-eighteenth century to its codification in international law two centuries later. Before nonintervention was formally codified, great powers largely ignored the wishes of international lawyers, philosophers, and smaller states by regularly pursuing overt intervention. Although foreign interference continued after nonintervention became treaty law in the mid-twentieth century, states were more likely to relegate such acts to the covert sphere despite the fact that doing so decreased their chances of success. Overt intervention became the exception. Understanding these dynamics provides historical context for the remaining chapters, helps justify the book’s focus on the postwar period, and offers a basis for examining how changes to the rules governing intervention such as the rise of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine may influence how states intervene abroad in the future.
The Politics of Secret Interventions
Authors: Poznansky Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter constitutes the theoretical core of the book. It begins by introducing existing explanations for why decision makers choose covert action or overt alternatives when pursuing regime change. These include the desire to control escalation dynamics, circumvent domestic political constraints, and avoid stirring up nationalist sentiment in the target state. Having laid out these alternatives, the chapter advances the book’s central claim that leaders are more likely to pursue regime change overtly when they can find a legal exemption to the nonintervention principle. Otherwise, they will choose covert action. The mechanisms underlying this claim are decision makers’ interest in protecting their credibility and avoiding hypocrisy costs by refraining from brazenly violating other states’ sovereignty. The United States is especially susceptible to these considerations given its long-standing interest in projecting an image of strategic restraint and legitimate leadership. The chapter concludes by taking up lingering questions, describing case selection and methodology, and outlining observable implications.
Operation Zapata: Cuba
Authors: Poznansky Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores one of the most infamous episodes of covert action during the Cold War: The Bay of Pigs. The operation, which was authorized by Dwight Eisenhower in March of 1960 and carried out by John F. Kennedy in mid-April of the following year, involved training and arming Cuban exiles with the aim of overthrowing Fidel Castro. America’s hand was not supposed to show. In the end, the mission was a failure. Consistent with the book’s argument, the evidence shows that decision makers were reluctant to openly violate the nonintervention principle by pursuing overt action against Fidel Castro. As a result, they opted for a covert operation they knew was less likely to succeed to avoid undermining America’s moral authority and to protect the credibility of its commitments. Decision makers were also willing to act overtly if a legal exemption to nonintervention materialized.
The Purpose of My Death
Authors: Kamm F. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 discusses Shelly Kagan’s views about (i) when ending or not ending one’s life does or does not make sense, and (ii) how to reach a decision about this issue. It considers whether his views about the worth of living on are consistent with his views about when it makes no sense to end one’s life. The chapter also examines whether the way in which Kagan adds up the negative and positive aspects of life to decide whether to live on gives sufficient weight to context-dependent values and to the reasonableness of not going through great suffering for the sake of an even greater good to oneself.
Direction and Distribution in Life
Authors: Kamm F. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 distinguishes qualitative aging from becoming older in years by considering the fictional case of Benjamin Button. It then considers the significance and necessity at a given time of death in lives with different aging trajectories. There follows a discussion of better and worse distributions of goods and bads within lives, both on the assumption that we have and do not have control over the total of goods and bads and the length of life. Finally the chapter considers how the difference between conditional and categorical goods may affect appropriateness of tradeoffs between quantity and quality of life.
Sounding Feminine
Authors: Kennerley David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This book examines the uses and meanings of women’s voices in British society and musical culture between 1780 and 1850. As previous scholars have argued, during these decades patriarchal power increasingly came to rest upon a particular understanding of the essentially different nature of male and female physiology and psychology. As a result, this book contends, the female voice—believed to blend both physical and mental attributes—became central to maintaining, and challenging, gendered power structures. The book argues that the varying ways women used their voices—the sounds that they made, as much as the words they spoke or sang—were understood by contemporaries as aural markers of different kinds of femininity. Consequently, contemporary divisions over feminine ideals were both expressed and contested through women’s use of their voices and audiences’ responses to them. Following an introduction that lays out the book’s theoretical frameworks and main arguments, the first three chapters explore how contemporary responses to different styles of female vocality were shaped by class, religious, and national discourses, through an exploration of conduct literature, letters, diaries, life-writing, and music criticism and reportage in newspapers and periodicals. Two case studies then extend the argument further through detailed analysis of the use and meaning of women’s voices on the part of both amateur and professional female singers respectively. A closing epilogue draws together the book’s major themes and discusses their implications for the gender history of this period.