bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Emulsions Prepared by Vapor Condensation
Authors: Tudose E T Iacob 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Emulsions, consisting of a mixture of two immiscible liquids, one dispersed in another, with an added amphiphilic surfactant, have been extensively used in different areas such as cosmetics, pharmaceutics, material synthesis for new applications, for example thermal energy storage, new cooling systems etc. The current study focuses on emulsion preparation using a novel technique[1], namely water vapor condensation on an oil-surfactant layer containing one or two surfactants. The method was incompletely investigated previosly, thus experiments were initiated in order to assess the emulsion stability for different working conditions. Two distinctive configurations were experimentally studied, one, with an adiabatic, constant room temperature bottom and another, with a high, constant temperature bottom. A mixture of two surfactants, Tween 80 and Span 80, was used in different ratios, also, the condensation time and the vapor flowrate were varied. The obtained emulsions stabilities were assessed visually and also, by pH measurements, over couple of week time period. The estimated average emulsion particle size was within the microscale range.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using TiO2and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2as Photocatalysts
Authors: Tarcea C I , Pantilimon C M , Matei E , Predescu A M , Berbecaru A C , Rapa M , Turcanu A , Predescu C 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper is focused on obtained two catalysts such as TiO2nanoparticles and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2nanocomposite for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dyes from aqueous solution. The morphology, structure and chemical proprieties of synthesized materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2adsorption-desorption isotherms and Zeta potential. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV light in the presence of different synthesized catalysts was analyzed with Spectrometer UV-Vis. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was studies by focusing of photoactivity performance of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2in comparation with TiO2. An attempt has been made to study the effect of process parameters through amount of the catalysts and initial concentrations of methylene blue. In all cases was found that the kinetics of the MB photocatalytic degradation under UV light was fitted to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood. Even if the photocatalytic degradation study revealed that Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2and TiO2degraded about 90 % of methylene blue within 60 min, the magnetic nanocomposite Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2serves as better catalyst compared with TiO2nanoparticles. An important role in the photocatalytic degradation of MB is adsorption characteristic of TiO2and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2surface. The photocatalytic performance of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2remained greater than TiO2after 4 cycles of use.
Experimental Study of Thermochemical Treated Biomedical 3D Printed Titanium Alloy Implant
Authors: Kónya J , Kulcsár K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For medical and dental individual implants are made by additive technology. The patient-specific usable implant material is the Ti alloy (Grade 23). The used 3D printer do LMF (Laser Metal Fusion) process and melts the metal particle by the laser layer by layer. Surface treatment of implants affects mechanical strength, aesthetic and osseointegration properties [1]. Of these, our study investigates the mechanical strength properties of plasma nitride surface treatment. The plasma nitrided 3D printed biomedical Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V, Grade 23) mechanical properties. The influence of the nitrided layer on tribological behaviour of plasma nitrided film was studied using microhardness tester. The microhardness results pointed out that the surface treatment increased the surface hardness and reduced the plastic deformation of the alloy.
Recycling of Plastic Throughout Pyrolysis and Distillation Process to Recover an Alternative Fuel Sources
Authors: Muzarpar S , Leman A M , Rahman K A , Foudzi M T R M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pyrolysis process is a process whereby plastic undergo the heating process and transform into another type of product either liquid form or waxy form. The basic purposed of the study was to determine the type of product formed from different type of plastic used. From the product collected in pyrolysis process it will undergo a further distillation process to increase the quality of the product. The methods that was involved in the making of the product is by using pyrolysis process, distillation process whereby a few product are derived. For pyrolysis process, plastic is heated until vaporized and the vapor is collected and condense to collect the product, while for the distillation process the separation process is done to separate the product according to its boiling point. For data collection, every sample is tested by using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the bomb calorimeter for its calorific value. From three types of plastic used which is polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyethylene tetraphlate the most suitable type of plastic is polystyrene due to its product which is in liquid form. The distillation process will give three end product which is similar to commercial petrol, diesel and high density oil.
Microstructural Analysis of Multiple Layer Depositions on Cast Iron Using the Electrospark Deposition Method
Authors: Perju M C , Nejneru C , Vizureanu P , Burduhos Nergis D D , Sandu A V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The present article is focused on the obtaining of a thin layer system on Fe-C alloys by deposition of 3 successive layers with several electrodes. These layers offer to the material a broad range of enhanced properties as: mechanical resistance, surface hardness, compression behavior and a martensitic structure of the carbides, which reduce the effect of the wear, having positive results on the life-cycle of the product. The principle of the hardening consists in an electrical discharge by spark on which the action of the rectified current impulse transfers material from the electrode, considered cathode to the surface of the material which is the anode. This material reacts chemically with the nitrogen, from the atmosphere, with carbon and with support material, forming a diffusion layer, resistant to wear.
Laser Induced Dyeing (LID) with Reactive Blue 21 on Hemp Fibers
Authors: Cocean A , Cocean I , Postolachi C , Pricop D , Husanu F , Gurlui S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Effects of 532 nm and 320 mJ laser beam on aqueous solution of Reactive Blue 21 (RB21), a copper based on reactive dye, have been studied in both presence and absence of garnet gemstone with the aim to receive a proper coating of the hemp fibers contained in the yarns of a woven texture while reducing the dyeing time compared to the classic exhaustion dyeing method. Results show that both laser beam and garnet influenced the dyeing process with RB21, enhancing the absorption and reaction of RB21 with the composite structured hemp fibers, effect observed in the color intensities for all samples measured with the grayscale. The best results are noticed for laser effects in presence of garnet gemstone when highest coating is achieved among all samples, and the process is 11 times shorter than the classical exhausting method. Compared FTIR and UV-VIS spectra of initial dyestuff and residual dyestuff isolated from the wastewaters offered information about dyestuff exhaustion process under garnet and/or laser influence. Laser Induced Fluorescence completed the study with the information about RB21 behavior under UV laser beam of 362 nm.
Influencing Factors on Premature Fracture of Cast Iron Support of Electric Motor in Aluminium Rolling Line
Authors: Preda F , Riposan I , Stan S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is a limited increase in the temperature of the cast iron supports during rolling (up to 30…50°C), but there is a wide range of vibration level (2.6 - 4.4 mm/s) representing 58-98% (75-80% as medium values) from the maximum admitted level (4.5 mm/s, ISO 10816). The maximum level of vibration is identified in the area where a fan is installed to cool the electric motor. In all electric motor types it appears a difference between several measurements, which highlights the appearance of various conditions in the rolling process, or in the quality of the cast iron support. The fracture of the support takes place predominantly in the area of fixing it with a screw. The cracks connect firstly the areas with casting defects (inclusions, pinholes, shrinkage and micro-shrinkages), but also coarse graphite particles (Kish or Type C-ASTM, spiky graphite) or undercooled graphite morphologies (Type-D ASTM). Lamellar graphite cast irons (traditionally used in this domain) are characterized by a low level of fracture resistance but high vibration damping capacity due to which it is necessary to make parts without casting defects and with a controlled graphite phase (high amount of graphite, graphite Type-A ASTM, without undercooled graphite), usually obtained through high performance inoculation [1,2].
Transfer Processes at the Manufacture of Metal Matrix Composite Materials
Authors: Florea R M 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe main elements of composite materials technological design consist of choosing the appropriate matrix/reinforcement systems and optimal thermodynamic conditions for ensuring compatibility during processing and operation. Composite material properties depend on the volumetric characteristics of components as well on the intensity of links between these components. Initially, the mass transfer takes place under unstable conditions in the liquid matrix and at the solid/liquid interface, and finally, after casting or infiltration, stationary. Modelling of reinforcement elements transfer from gas to liquid is based on total variation of transfer energy or on the variation of the amount of the forces acting on the reinforcement. Once the basis of the models investigated and of the actual model proposed are analyzed, the densities influences, particles granulations, liquid viscosity, thermal conductivities, the energies at liquid/reinforcement interface and critical speeds of reinforcement elements, transfer from liquid to solid.
Improvement of Microplastics Separation from Synthetic Samples – A Key Step for Their Analysis
Authors: Ciobotaru I-E , Marcu E , Maria C , Ivanov A A , Savin I , Moncea A , Tociu C , Deák Gy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Identification of microplastics from the environment is a challenge mostly due to the complex nature and behavior of samples and lack of an efficient separation method. This paper approaches the issue of microplastics separation as determining step of their analysis. The separation of two types of commercial plastics from synthetic samples was investigated, namely polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). Subsequent filtration through filters with different porosities was tested and improved by adding a surfactant in the extraction medium. For the qualitative analysis of microplastic, optical microscopy and laser-granulometry were employed. The results proved the separation of microplastics from the samples and showed a distribution between 10-100 μm for PET and 10-200 μm for HDPE. These results provide basis for the efficient microplastics separation and further quantitative analysis from more complex samples, such as environmental samples.
Optimized Conversion of Nyamplung Seeds Oil to Biodiesel Using Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Ilham Z , Mansor M R A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This research is carried out for optimization of transesterification reaction parameters to convert oil from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) seeds into biodiesel. Calophyllum inophyllum seeds were normally left unused due to the toxicity of calophynic acid in the unrefined extracted oil. The optimal variables (parameters) for converting Calophyllum inophyllum seeds oil into biodiesel were found to be at a methanol: oil ratio (6 to 1), 67.5 °C temperature, 1 wt% catalyst and agitation rate of 750 (rpm). The biodiesel yield obtained (93.01 wt%). The results also indicated that Calophyllum inophyllum methyl esters (CIME) fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity 4.55 mm2/s acid value 0.027 mg KOH/g, cloud point 3 °C, pour point 1 °C, flash Point 161 °C, cetane index 49 min and density of 856 kg/m3 conformed with the international standard specifications except for the oxidation stability, which was at 4.38 hour. In addition, ANOVA of the developed model displayed presentation (R2 0.99). Calophyllum inophyllum seeds oil could be a suitable non-edible feedstock for biodiesel, especially in the South East Asian region.
Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Silicone Elastomers used in Dental Impression Techniques
Authors: Gradinaru I , Ciubotaru B-I , Zaltariov M-F , Cazacu M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Even through nowadays technology and robotics seem to have taken a front seat on the medical field, there are still conventional methods being used in dental medicine, especially related to impression techniques. Elastomers such as silicone rubbers are widely used as impression materials for their suitable properties and behavior in dentistry. As the long-term success of the prosthetic therapy relies on the impression stage, it is important to know both the advantages and disadvantages of such materials. Nowadays in vitro and in vivo studies are being conducted to establish the precision and accuracy of these materials. In this study we report comparatively a number of characteristics determined by us under identical conditions for four such materials. Structural studies (through IR and XRF), morphology (through AFM and SEM) and surface (water contact angle) were performed. Based on the results obtained we can identify more or less significant differences between some characteristics, which could help to indicate the right material depending on the case requirements.
Recycling of Aqueous Phase from Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Municipal Wastewater by Microalgae
Authors: Chernova N , Kiseleva S , Vlaskin M , Grigorenko A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The search for alternatives to hydrocarbon fuels remains an actual task. Microalgae (MA) as raw material for the production of biofuel remain an urgent object of research among other types of biomass, and the cultivation of MA is constantly growing. One of the promising technologies for biofuel production from MA is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) that allows processing wet biomass and turning all carbon-containing components (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins) into fuel. However, the hydrothermal liquefaction process leads to the formation of a significant amount of the aqueous phase, which is a by-product with low energy value and also needs to be processed. It is important to consider the possibility of using the aqueous phase after HTL, as well as municipal wastewater, for the cultivation of MA in combination with the production of biofuels. The MA strains capable to grow in a dilute aqueous phase after HTL (Galdieria sulphuraria rsemsu G-1, Chlorella vulgaris rsemsu Chv-20/11-Ps, Arthrospira platensis rsemsu Bios) and in wastewater (Arthrospira platensis rsemsu Bios, Chlorella ellipsoidea rsemsu Chl-el) were experimentally selected from collection of RSE Laboratory at LMSU. The article is devoted to the experimental study of the degree of nutrients utilization by MA from wastewater and an HTL-aqueous phase.
Study of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Some Major Urban Air Pollutants
Authors: Garofalide S , Diaconu M , Cocean I , Cocean A , Pelin V , Gurlui S , Leontie L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Urban air/environmental pollution as a major concern of contemporary civilization, substantially affecting the health of the residents, requires identification of both physico-chemical specificity and generating sources. Particle matter (PM) monitored in the atmosphere should be associated to their chemical composition that allows identification of sources as enhancement contributor and sinks as mitigation factor but also as possible spreading agent as it has been reported in rain fall for some of the pollutants cathegories. After a number of episodes of increased amounts of measured PM 2.5 and PM 10, considerable dust deposits on cars were collected and SEM-EDX analyses were performed, showing the agglomerated morphology and elemental composition of the dust. Sodium aluminate and calcium chloride were identified as major contributors to the dust composition. Such chemical components may end-up into the water supply and tab water as previously reported affecting the quality of the water. As sources, dust-binding solutions for streets cleaning and/or coagulant agents in constructions are to be considered.
Assessing the Contamination of the Dambovita River Through Heavy Metal Indices
Authors: Dumitru F D , Deák Gy , Moncea M A , Baraitaru A G , Gheorghe P I , Ciobotaru I E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The continuous population growth, which leads to increased social and economic development, affects the quality and quantity of the freshwater resources, both directly through changes in landscapes and pollution caused by industrialization, urbanization, and agriculture, as well as indirectly through climate change pressures (such as higher air temperature, drought, frequent extreme precipitation events). Within this study, the heavy metal contamination of Dambovita River was assessed, as it is the main drinking water source for the city of Bucharest. Thus, surface water samples and sediments were collected from four sampling sites along the Dambovita River within two campaigns, in order to assess the seasonal fluctuations. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) together with the metal index (MI) of the collected water samples were calculated for cadmium, nickel and lead, for each sampling site. Additionally, in order to establish the potential ecological risk index, the contamination factors and potential ecological risk factors were assessed considering each of the monitored heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb). The results showed that the HPI values were below the critical pollution index value of 100, along with MI values below 1. Also, the sediment analyses further confirmed that all the sampling sites can be classified with low to medium levels of potential ecological risk.
Experimental Research on the Behaviour of the Systems for Ventilated Facades, Exposed to the Fire Action
Authors: Dragne H , Simion A , Stoica D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When establishing the constructive structures that must reach the required levels of fire performance, one must start from the fact that the fire is an accident. The structures must remain viable for the normal fire time considered. The behaviour of the construction to the fire is dependent, besides other factors, on the contribution to the fire of the elements and parts of the construction, of the materials and products for the construction, as well as on the fire resistance of some of them. Due to the fact that the initiation and evolution of the fires is different, it was imposed that the determination of the fire behaviour of the constructions and the materials that enter their composition should be done under specified conditions, by exposing them to a specified ignition source, in a good context.
Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Hypertensive Population
Authors: Wang Guo-dong , Sun Yue-qiu , Wang Jin-mei , Zhang Shu-an , Wang Ying-guang , Chen Shuo-hua , Wu Shou-ling , Huang Zhe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
To investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness and new-onset diabetes mellitus in hypertensive population.

Methods
A total of 8,061 hypertensive and nondiabetic employees who participated in the yearly physical examination (2010–2015) of the Kailuan study were enrolled into the present study. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Baseline was set at the first baPWV measurement, while follow-up ended at the first incident of diabetes mellitus or until the last examination (2016–2017). According to baPWV quartile, the effect of baPWV on new-onset diabetes mellitus was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard model, and a sensitivity test was analyzed by body mass index stratification.

Results
The mean follow-up time was (4.2 ± 2.1) years. During the follow-up period, 874 (10.8%) participants developed diabetes, with an average incidence rate of 25.7 per 1,000 person-years. The incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years) of new-onset diabetes in the first to fourth quartile of baPWV was 14.6, 23.8, 27.2, and 37.7, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Compared with the first quartile of baPWV, after adjustment for age, gender, mean arterial pressure, baseline fasting glucose, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and other confounding factors, the HR and 95% confidence interval for new-onset diabetes of the second, third, and fourth quartile were 1.57 (1.24–1.98), 1.74 (1.37–2.20), and 2.38 (1.87–3.03), respectively. For each standard deviation increase of baPWV, the HR and 95% confidence interval were 1.32 (1.24–1.42).

Conclusions
Arterial stiffness is associated with new-onset diabetes mellitus in the hypertensive population.
The Location Learning Test-Revised is associated with informant-reported everyday functioning in a sample of community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Thompson Jennifer L , Bucks Romola S , Weinborn Michael , Woods Steven Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Object location learning and memory may be important for older adults to successfully complete some everyday activities.

Method
This cross-sectional, correlational study investigated the ecological relevance of the Location Learning Test-Revised (LLT-R) in 195 community-dwelling, older adults in Western Australia. The LLT-R assesses object location learning and memory for everyday objects over five learning trials and after a 30-min delay. Knowledgeable informants provided structured ratings of participants’ activities of daily living and memory symptoms.

Results
A greater number of errors on LLT-R total learning trials were associated with mild problems in activities of daily living (particularly in travel and household domains), but not with memory symptoms. The LLT-R’s association with activities of daily living was accompanied by a small-to-medium effect size and was not better explained by demographics, global cognitive functioning, mood, or chronic medical conditions.

Conclusions
Findings provide some support for the ecological relevance of the LLT-R among older community-dwelling adults and suggest that object location learning may play a role in some everyday functioning problems that accompany typical aging.
Numt identification and removal with RtN!
Authors: Woerner August E , Cihlar Jennifer Churchill , Smart Utpal , Budowle Bruce 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Assays in mitochondrial genomics rely on accurate read mapping and variant calling. However, there are known and unknown nuclear paralogs that have fundamentally different genetic properties than that of the mitochondrial genome. Such paralogs complicate the interpretation of mitochondrial genome data and confound variant calling.

Results
Remove the Numts! (RtN!) was developed to categorize reads from massively parallel sequencing data not based on the expected properties and sequence identities of paralogous nuclear encoded mitochondrial sequences, but instead using sequence similarity to a large database of publicly available mitochondrial genomes. RtN! removes low-level sequencing noise and mitochondrial paralogs while not impacting variant calling, while competing methods were shown to remove true variants from mitochondrial mixtures.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/Ahhgust/RtN

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.