bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from local to global: An efficient distributed algorithm for modeling time-to-event data
Authors: Duan Rui , Luo Chongliang , Schuemie Martijn J , Tong Jiayi , Liang C Jason , Chang Howard H , Boland Mary Regina , Bian Jiang , Xu Hua , Holmes John H , Forrest Christopher B , Morton Sally C , Berlin Jesse A , Moore Jason H , Mahoney Kevin B , Chen Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe developed and evaluated a privacy-preserving One-shot Distributed Algorithm to fit a multicenter Cox proportional hazards model (ODAC) without sharing patient-level information across sites.Materials and MethodsUsing patient-level data from a single site combined with only aggregated information from other sites, we constructed a surrogate likelihood function, approximating the Cox partial likelihood function obtained using patient-level data from all sites. By maximizing the surrogate likelihood function, each site obtained a local estimate of the model parameter, and the ODAC estimator was constructed as a weighted average of all the local estimates. We evaluated the performance of ODAC with (1) a simulation study and (2) a real-world use case study using 4 datasets from the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics network.ResultsOn the one hand, our simulation study showed that ODAC provided estimates nearly the same as the estimator obtained by analyzing, in a single dataset, the combined patient-level data from all sites (ie, the pooled estimator). The relative bias was &lt;0.1% across all scenarios. The accuracy of ODAC remained high across different sample sizes and event rates. On the other hand, the meta-analysis estimator, which was obtained by the inverse variance weighted average of the site-specific estimates, had substantial bias when the event rate is &lt;5%, with the relative bias reaching 20% when the event rate is 1%. In the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics network application, the ODAC estimates have a relative bias &lt;5% for 15 out of 16 log hazard ratios, whereas the meta-analysis estimates had substantially higher bias than ODAC.ConclusionsODAC is a privacy-preserving and noniterative method for implementing time-to-event analyses across multiple sites. It provides estimates on par with the pooled estimator and substantially outperforms the meta-analysis estimator when the event is uncommon, making it extremely suitable for studying rare events and diseases in a distributed manner.
Construction of 5G all-wireless network and information system for cabin hospitals
Authors: Zhou Bin , Wu Qing , Zhao Xuefei , Zhang Wenchao , Wu Wenjun , Guo Zi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, in early 2020. In an effort to curb the spread of the epidemic, the government has requisitioned a variety of venues and plant buildings and built more than 20 cabin hospitals to receive patients with mild symptoms within 48 hours. Under this circumstance, we worked out a 5G all-wireless solution to divide the overall network system of the cabin hospital into multiple network units by function. While ensuring good signal coverage of the local unit, each network unit was independently connected to the host hospital’s data center over a virtual private network (VPN) tunnel built on the 5G wireless network. Our successful experience with the application of this 5G + VPN all-wireless network system well points to the bright prospect of 5G wireless network. In addition, the 5G + VPN solution can also be used for multihospital network interconnection and rapid network recovery during the failure of wired network.
Relationship Between Patient Characteristics and Number of Procedures as well as Length of Stay for Patients Surviving Severe Burn Injuries: Analysis of the American Burn Association National Burn Repository
Authors: Kruger Eliza , Kowal Stacey , Bilir S Pinar , Han Eileen , Foster Kevin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study establishes important, national benchmarks for burn centers to assess length of stay (LOS) and number of procedures across patient profiles. We examined the relationship between patient characteristics such as age and total body surface area (TBSA) burned and number of procedures and LOS in the United States, using the American Burn Association National Burn Repository (NBR) database version 8.0 (2002–2011). Among 21,175 surviving burn patients (TBSA &gt; 10–60%), mean age was 33 years, and mean injury size was 19.9% TBSA. Outcomes included the number of debridement, excision, autograft procedures, and LOS. Independent variables considered were: age (linear, squared, and cubed to account for nonlinearity), TBSA, TBSAs of partial-thickness and mixed/full-thickness burns, sex, hospital-acquired infection, other infection, inhalation injury, and diabetes status. Regression methods included a mixed-effects model for LOS and ordinary least squares for number of procedures. A backward stepwise procedure (P &lt;0.2) was used to select variables. Number of excision and autografting procedures increased with TBSA; however, this relationship did not hold for debridement. After adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidities, predicted LOS for adults (18+) was 12.1, 21.7, 32.2, 43.7, and 56.1 days for 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% TBSA, respectively. Similarly, predicted LOS for pediatrics (age &lt; 18) was 8.1, 18.8, 33.2, 47.6, and 56.1 days for the same TBSA groups, respectively. While average estimates for adults (1.12 days) and pediatrics (1.01) are close to the one day/TBSA rule-of-thumb, consideration of other important patient and burn features in the NBR can better refine predictions for LOS.
Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Species Diversity, Habitat Preferences, and Ecological Aspects of Distribution in Bajaur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Wahid Shah , Khan Khurshaid , Khan Nazma Habib 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The species composition, distribution, and bionomics of sand flies was investigated from January to December 2017 in four tehsils (20 villages) of district Bajaur (formally Bajaur agency), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In total, 4,173 adult specimens comprising of seven species of Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae) and three species of Sergentomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) were collected by oral aspirator, insecticide spray, and sticky traps from June to October. Highest numbers of flies were collected indoors in July and August when relative humidity and temperature were highest. Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot (Diptera: Psychodidae) was the most abundant species from all the collection sites, making approximately 70% of the total capture. Combined dwellings and chicken cages harbored the highest number of adult and immature flies (unrotated external genitalia). Abundance of P. sergenti had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlation with monthly average temperature, relative humidity, and average rainfall in indoor collections. On the other hand, P. papatasi Scopoli displayed similar correlation in the indoor and nighttime collections. Both the species were apparently abundant in the elevation range ≤ 419 m above sea level and on rangelands. Phlebotomus papatasi, however, also occurred on agricultural lands. The number of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases did not significantly correlate with the abundance of sand fly vectors across the villages surveyed. The results reported herein can serve as a baseline for an all-extensive future work in Bajaur. Our investigations will benefit the public health experts and medical entomologists for improved control and surveillance vectors of leishmaniasis.
Conservative management of Cantrell syndrome: a case report
Authors: Schiavone Marcella , Pizzol Damiano , Colangelo Anna Claudia , Antunes Mario 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cantrell syndrome (CS) is defined as congenital combination of five anomalies: defects at the lower part of the sternum, anterior diaphragm, midline supraumbilical abdominal wall, diaphragmatic pericardium and ectopia cordis. Antenatal screening should be performed to make an accurate prenatal diagnosis. The prognosis is usually poor with a high mortality early in life. The gold standard management is surgery but its prognosis remains poor. In many low-income settings prenatal examinations and surgery treatment are not possible. In the present case, we report a not surgery managed baby affected by CS, with good clinical conditions after 5 months.
A case of colon necrosis resulting from a delayed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Tessely Héloïse , Journé Stéphane , Therasse Alexis , Hossey Didier , Lemaitre Jean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present the case of a 71 years old woman who came at the emergency room for abdominal pain and symptoms of occlusion. The scanner demonstrated a colonic occlusion resulting from an incarceration, diagnosed as a hernia of Bochdalek. But two old rib fractures and a past history of a fall directed us to the diagnostic of delayed diaphragmatic rupture. The patient was operated in emergency and post-operative follow-up was simple. Traumatic diaphragmatic hernias are rarely diagnosed directly after trauma. Complications such as pneumonia, occlusion, enteric ischemia, visceral perforation and twisting of splenic hilium can occur many years after the trauma. This is why, for patients with intestinal obstruction or association of pulmonary abdominal symptoms and history of thoraco-abdominal injury, the diagnostic of diaphragmatic hernia should be considered. When patients present complications, there is a higher rate of morbidity and mortality (31%) reason why, emergency surgery is mandatory.
A Marginal Case of Secondary Opening In GƏˁƏZ
Authors: Butts Aaron Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this article, I discuss a feature in the development of Gǝˁǝz that I term ‘secondary opening’ following the grammatical tradition of Masoretic Hebrew. By secondary opening, I refer to the development that produced a form such as bäḥär ‘sea’, which is prominent in EMML 6907 (twelfth cent.?), from *baḥr-, the typical realization of which is baḥr in Standard Gǝˁǝz. While admittedly marginal, forms with secondary opening are, I argue, nonetheless important since they provide a rare glimpse at a variety of Gǝˁǝz that was not the direct ancestor of what would eventually become Standard Gǝˁǝz.
Joint growth-rate measurements from redshift-space distortions and peculiar velocities in the 6dF Galaxy Survey
Authors: Adams Caitlin , Blake Chris 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a new model for the cross-covariance between galaxy redshift-space distortions and peculiar velocities. We combine this with the autocovariance models of both probes in a fully self-consistent, maximum-likelihood method, allowing us to extract enhanced cosmological parameter constraints. When applying our method to the 6-degree Field Galaxy Survey (6dFGS), our constraint on the growth rate of structure is $f\sigma _8 = 0.384 \pm 0.052 \rm {(stat)} \pm 0.061 \rm {(sys)}$ and our constraint for the redshift-space distortion parameter is $\beta = 0.289^{+0.044}_{-0.043} \rm {(stat)} \pm 0.049 \rm {(sys)}$. We find that the statistical uncertainty for the growth rate of structure is reduced by 64 per cent when using the complete covariance model compared to the redshift-space distortion autocovariance model and 50 per cent when compared to using the peculiar-velocity autocovariance model. Our constraints are consistent with those from the literature on combining multiple tracers of large-scale structure, as well as those from other 6dFGS analyses. Our measurement is also consistent with the standard cosmological model.
Gene Duplication in the Honeybee: Patterns of DNA Methylation, Gene Expression, and Genomic Environment
Authors: Dyson Carl J , Goodisman Michael A D 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGene duplication serves a critical role in evolutionary adaptation by providing genetic raw material to the genome. The evolution of duplicated genes may be influenced by epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, which affects gene function in some taxa. However, the manner in which DNA methylation affects duplicated genes is not well understood. We studied duplicated genes in the honeybee Apis mellifera, an insect with a highly sophisticated social structure, to investigate whether DNA methylation was associated with gene duplication and genic evolution. We found that levels of gene body methylation were significantly lower in duplicate genes than in single-copy genes, implicating a possible role of DNA methylation in postduplication gene maintenance. Additionally, we discovered associations of gene body methylation with the location, length, and time since divergence of paralogous genes. We also found that divergence in DNA methylation was associated with divergence in gene expression in paralogs, although the relationship was not completely consistent with a direct link between DNA methylation and gene expression. Overall, our results provide further insight into genic methylation and how its association with duplicate genes might facilitate evolutionary processes and adaptation.
novoPathFinder: a webserver of designing novel-pathway with integrating GEM-model
Authors: Ding Shaozhen , Tian Yu , Cai Pengli , Zhang Dachuan , Cheng Xingxiang , Sun Dandan , Yuan Le , Chen Junni , Tu Weizhong , Wei Dong-Qing , Hu Qian-Nan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo increase the number of value-added chemicals that can be produced by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, constructing metabolic space with novel reactions/pathways is crucial. However, with the large number of reactions that existed in the metabolic space and complicated metabolisms within hosts, identifying novel pathways linking two molecules or heterologous pathways when engineering a host to produce a target molecule is an arduous task. Hence, we built a user-friendly web server, novoPathFinder, which has several features: (i) enumerate novel pathways between two specified molecules without considering hosts; (ii) construct heterologous pathways with known or putative reactions for producing target molecule within Escherichia coli or yeast without giving precursor; (iii) estimate novel pathways with considering several categories, including enzyme promiscuity, Synthetic Complex Score (SCScore) and LD50 of intermediates, overall stoichiometric conversions, pathway length, theoretical yields and thermodynamic feasibility. According to the results, novoPathFinder is more capable to recover experimentally validated pathways when comparing other rule-based web server tools. Besides, more efficient pathways with novel reactions could also be retrieved for further experimental exploration. novoPathFinder is available at http://design.rxnfinder.org/novopathfinder/.
Magnesium levels in relation to rates of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ecological, observational, and interventional studies
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Xun Pengcheng , Chen Cheng , Lu Liping , Shechter Michael , Rosanoff Andrea , He Ka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContextExperimental studies suggest that magnesium levels in pregnant women may affect the length of gestation, as magnesium affects the activity of smooth muscle in the uterus. Little is known about the association between magnesium levels or supplementation and the rate of preterm birth.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to summarize the data on magnesium soil levels and preterm birth rates from ecological, observational, and interventional studies.Data SourcesSoil magnesium levels were obtained from US Geological Survey data, and preterm birth rates were acquired from the March of Dimes Foundation. Relevant epidemiological and clinical studies published until April 2019 in peer-reviewed journals were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and related reference lists.Study SelectionOriginal studies published in English, conducted in humans, and in which magnesium (dietary/supplemental intake or biomarkers) was an exposure and preterm birth was an outcome were included.Data ExtractionEleven studies were included in the systematic review. Meta-analysis was performed on 6 studies. Overall relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95%CIs for risk of preterm birth in relation to magnesium supplementation were estimated by a random-effects model.ResultsThe ecological study revealed an inverse correlation between magnesium content in soil and rates of preterm birth across the United States (r = −0.68; P &lt; 0.001). Findings from 11 observational studies generally support an inverse association between serum magnesium levels and rates of preterm birth. Of the 6 eligible randomized controlled trials, which included 3068 pregnant women aged 20 to 35 years and 352 preterm infants, the pooled RR was 0.58 (95%CI, 0.35–0.96) for women in the magnesium supplementation group compared with women in the control group.ConclusionsAccumulated evidence from ecological, observational, and interventional studies consistently indicates that adequate magnesium intake during pregnancy may help reduce the incidence of preterm birth.
Lymphocyte Subsets in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants: The Impact of Neonatal Postexposure Prophylaxis With Zidovudine
Authors: Greiter Beat M , Kahlert Christian R , Eberhard Nadia , Sultan-Beyer Leila , Berger Christoph , Paioni Paolo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) infants receiving neonatal postexposure prophylaxis with zidovudine showed nonsignificant trends of lower CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as CD19 B cells than those who did not, suggesting toxicity that might impact the overall health of HEU children.
Race and the Geography of Opportunity in the Post-Prison Labor Market
Authors: Rucks-Ahidiana Zawadi , Harding David J , Harris Heather M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch on racial disparities in post-prison employment has primarily focused on the differential effects of stigma on blacks and whites, but we otherwise know little about racial differences. This paper examines racial differences in post-prison employment by industry and geography. We find that the formerly incarcerated are most likely to find work in a small number of “felon-friendly” industries with formerly incarcerated whites having higher employment rates than blacks. Whites are more likely to be employed in felon-friendly industries associated with the primary labor market, particularly construction and manufacturing, which have higher wages and more job stability. To explain these racial differences, we investigate the degree to which employment among the formerly incarcerated is related to where felon-friendly employers are located and where individuals who work in felon-friendly industries live. We find that post-prison employment is associated more with proximity to workers in felon-friendly industries than with proximity to employers. Because formerly incarcerated whites are more likely to live near current workers in felon-friendly industries, the geography of opportunity in the post-prison labor market contributes to the racial disparity in post-prison employment.
The Limits of Tolerance: Extreme Speakers on Campus
Authors: Boch Anna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recently, colleges and universities across the United States have had to choose whether to allow controversial speakers on campus. This study uses a factorial experiment to investigate individual features of controversial speaker events, including student opinion, security risk, and actual event-based descriptions of extreme left and extreme right speakers. Contrary to earlier studies of political tolerance, this study finds that Republicans (and ideological conservatives) are slightly more tolerant of extreme speech than are Democrats and liberals. However, this difference is attenuated by three factors. The first is order effects: if Democrats are first asked about an extreme left speaker, they are then more tolerant of an extreme right speaker. Second, concerns about the possibility of harm resulting from the speech partially explain Democrats’ intolerance of the extreme right speaker. Third, asymmetric polarization has resulted in extreme right ideas entering the mainstream more than ideas from the far left; thus Democrats face a more arduous test of the classic liberal commitment to tolerance. Finally, this study contributes to the political tolerance literature by testing tolerance of new, extreme speaker targets on both the ideological left and right than what has previously been studied.
Zearalenone Blocks Autophagy Flow and Induces Cell Apoptosis During Embryo Implantation in Gilts
Authors: Wu Lihang , Duan Qianni , Gao Dengying , Wang Yueying , Xue Songyi , Li Wenchao , Lei Minggang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractZearalenone (ZEA) has been proved to be toxic, particularly to the reproductive system of gilts. The effect of ZEA on gilts during embryo implantation window period is of particular interests. Here, we observed window stage dysontogenesis of gilts treated with ZEA. In endometrial tissues and cells, autophagosomes increased significantly and mitochondria were damaged with increasing ZEA concentration. Addition of autophagy inhibitor confirmed that ZEA blocks the autophagic flow in the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. In conclusion, ZEA exposure during embryo implantation results in endometrium inflammation by activating autophagy while blocking autophagy flow at the same time, leading to the significant accumulation of autophagosomes. The aforementioned effects of ZEA induce the apoptosis of primary endometrial cells through the caspase3 pathway, which would break the uterus environment balance and finally lead to embryo implantation failure and dysontogenesis in gilts.
Seasonally varying relationship between stem respiration, increment and carbon allocation of Norway spruce trees
Authors: Darenova Eva , Horáček Petr , Krejza Jan , Pokorný Radek , Pavelka Marian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Stem respiration is an important component of an ecosystem’s carbon budget. Beside environmental factors, it depends highly on tree energy demands for stem growth. Determination of the relationship between stem growth and stem respiration would help to reveal the response of stem respiration to changing climate, which is expected to substantially affect tree growth. Common measurement of stem radial increment does not record all aspects of stem growth processes, especially those connected with cell wall thickening; therefore, the relationship between stem respiration and stem radial increment may vary depending on the wood cell growth differentiation phase. This study presents results from measurements of stem respiration and increment carried out for seven growing seasons in a young Norway spruce forest. Moreover, rates of carbon allocation to stems were modeled for these years. Stem respiration was divided into maintenance (Rm) and growth respiration (Rg) based upon the mature tissue method. There was a close relationship between Rg and daily stem radial increment (dSRI), and this relationship differed before and after dSRI seasonal maximum, which was around 19 June. Before this date, Rg increased exponentially with dSRI, while after this date logarithmically. This is a result of later maxima of Rg and its slower decrease when compared with dSRI, which is connected with energy demands for cell wall thickening. Rg reached a maxima at the end of June or in July. The maximum of carbon allocation to stem peaked in late summer, when Rg mostly tended to decrease. The overall contribution of Rg to stem CO2 efflux amounted to 46.9% for the growing period from May to September and 38.2% for the year as a whole. This study shows that further deeper analysis of in situ stem growth and stem respiration dynamics is greatly needed, especially with a focus on wood formation on a cell level.