bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1, Internal Transcribed Spacer 2, and Large-Subunit D1–D2 Regions as the Genetic Markers to Identify Fungi Isolated from Different Environmental Samples: A Molecular Surveillance Study of Public Health Importance
Authors: Sulaiman Irshad M , Jacobs Emily , Simpson Steven 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
In September 2012, a multistate fungal meningitis outbreak started across 20 states in the United States. It affected 753 individuals and caused 64 deaths who received contaminated spinal injections. In a previous study, we analyzed 26 environmental samples collected from the manufacturing premises of a compounding company to determine the possible cause of an outbreak and identified 14 distinct fungal species.

Objectives
In this follow-up study, we have analyzed 198 environmental samples collected from three additional compounding company premises located in the United States for the presence of pathogenic fungi.

Methods
Environmental swab samples were initially examined by standard microbiological methods. Subsequently, DNA sequencing was performed on all of the 25 recovered fungal isolates at the D1–D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions.

Results
Sequence analysis of the ITS1, ITS2, and LSU rRNA regions confirmed the presence of the following fungal species in the environmental samples analyzed: (i) Pestalotiopsis cocculi from the region Ia; (ii) Epicoccum nigrum and Trichaptum biforme from the region Ib; (iii) Nigrospora sphaerica and Fusarium sp. from the region II; and (iv) Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., and Preussia sp. from the region III. Species identification of 25 recovered fungal isolates matched, in most cases, at 3 sequenced loci (ITS1, ITS2, and LSU).

Highlights
DNA sequencing of ITS1, ITS2, and LSU D1–D2 regions can be used to perform fungal typing and in implementing effective environmental monitoring programs of public health importance.
Development and Validation of Two Chromatographic Methods for Simultaneous Determination and Quantification of Amiloride Hydrochloride, Hydrochlorothiazide, and Their Related Substances, in Pure and Tablet Forms
Authors: Naguib Ibrahim A , Abdelaleem Eglal A , Abdallah Fatma F , Emam Aml A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Amiloride hydrochloride (AM) is a potassium sparing diuretic, while hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) is the protype of thiazide diuretics. The combining of the studied drugs exhibits a synergistic effect. Moreover, HCZ prevents the potassium depletion side effect caused by AM.

Objective
Two accurate and precise simultaneous chromatographic separation methods were promoted and investigated to quantify AM, HCZ, official impurities of HCZ (cholorothiazide and salamide), and the official impurities of AM (methyl 3, 5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Methods
The components of the quintuple mixture were quantified by two methods. The first method was high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), where exemplary separation was achieved on silica gel HPTLC F254 plates at the stationary phase using ethyl acetate–ethanol–ammonia solution (8 + 2 + 0.2, v/v) as a developing system. Scanning of bands at 273 nm was done. The second method was a reversed-phase chromatography (RP-HPLC) method using C18 (4.6 × 100 mm) column and mobile phase comprising 0.1% phosphoric acid solution–acetonitrile (90 + 10, v/v) with UV determination at 273 nm. Adjustment of the flow rate at 1 mL/min and pH at 3.6 was performed.

Results
Regarding RP-HPLC, optimum separation of the quintuple mixture was achieved within just five minutes. According to HPTLC, symmetric and sharp peaks were separated on the resulted chromatogram. Validity of the introduced methods was investigated by applying international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Conclusions
The methods were successfully applied for assays of the studied drugs in their pure and tablet forms. No significant difference was revealed through application of statistical comparison between results of the suggested methods and those of the reported method regarding both accuracy and precision.
Herbs and Medicinal Plants in Jordan
Authors: Haddad Moawiya A , Dmour Hanee , Al-Khazaleh Ja'far M , Obeidat Maher , Al-Abbadi Amal , Al-Shadaideh Ahmad N , Al-mazra'awi Mohammad S , Shatnawi Mohamad A , Iommi Candela 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The presence of phenolic acids in edible products for human consumption is considered in relation to the production of odorant substances, with a variety of different aromas.

Objective
Phenolic substances anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavanols, flavones and isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, etc. – are extremely interesting as flavor additives, anti-aging or maturing agents, and color and aroma enhancers.

Method
The connection between flavoring properties on one hand and the presence of phenolic compounds on the other can be discussed in terms of food acceptance by consumers, especially with relation to the “Mediterranean Diet” lifestyle.

Results
The health perspectives of these and other food products related to Mediterranean Diet should be evaluated in the geographical ambit of the Mediterranean Basin, including several particular food and vegetable preparations – herbs and medicinal plants - of the Middle East.

Conclusions
The aim of this paper is to give a presentation on these specialties in relation to Jordan.

Highlights
Medicinal herbs have interesting health properties against digestive problems, parasitic worms, liver diseases, diabetes, skin problems, nervous, cardiocirculatory, and respiratory diseases.
Phenolics in Mediterranean and Middle East Important Fruits
Authors: Haddad Moawiya A , El-Qudah Jafar , Abu-Romman Saeid , Obeidat Maher , Iommi Candela , Jaradat Da’san M M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Phenolic compounds (polyphenols) are common plant secondary metabolites playing different roles in plants, and some of these vegetables and correlated fruits—figs, grapes, pomegranates, olives, date palms, etc.—contain remarkable and diversified amounts of these substances. In addition, polyphenols are reported to show positive effects for human health, because of their antioxidant behavior. Figs are an excellent source of polyphenols with highest concentrations of proanthocyanidins. Actually, figs contain higher amounts of polyphenols than red wine and tea.

Objective
Antioxidant activity of several flavonoids (a group of polyphenols) in figs is higher than that of, vitamin C, glutathione, or vitamin E. Pomegranates contain very high levels of polyphenols as compared to other fruits and vegetables. It is used in folklore medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as hepatic damage, snakebite, ulcer, etc.

Method
The health-positive potential of pomegranate fruit has been mainly attributed to ellagitannins, the predominant class of phenolics in pomegoxidation.

Results
The chief phenolic compound found in fresh olive is the bitter secoiridoid oleuropein..

Conclusions
Processing of table olive decreases levels of oleuropein with correlated increases in the hydrolysis of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Many of the health benefits reported for olives are thought to be associated with the levels of hydroxytyrosol. Date palm represents a staple food in most of the Arabian countries and is commonly consumed in several parts of the world.

Highlights
Numerous researches revealed the antibacterial, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, and nephroprotective activity of date fruits, with reported anticancer and anti-fungal features.
Phenolic Substances in Foods and Anticarcinogenic Properties: A Public Health Perspective
Authors: Laganà Pasqualina , Coniglio Maria Anna , Fiorino Marco , Delgado Amélia Martins , Chammen Nadia , Issaoui Manel , Gambuzza Maria E , Iommi Candela , Soraci Luca , Haddad Moawiya A , Delia Santi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The interest in polyphenols from vegetable sources has been progressively increased because of the demonstrated correlation between their abundance in certain foods or food preparations of traditional importance and heritage, and the answer of anti-inflammatory strategies in hospitalized patients in the presence of polypehnol-rich foods (as a complementary therapy). Consequently, research involving the accessory role of polyphenols as anti-tumoral aids have been carried out with the aim of finding new additional strategies. The purpose of this paper to evaluate the role of phenolic compounds in foods with reference to health effects for human beings. The importance of these molecules has been evaluated by the health and safety perspectives in terms of: fight to cardiovascular diseases; prevention of chronic-degenerative disorders; general antioxidant properties; and anticarcinogenic features. Moreover, the role of polyphenols-rich foods as anticancer agents has been discussed with relation to two distinct “action plans” on the public hygiene level: the promotion of human health on the one side (for non-hospitalized and normal subjects), and reliable contrasting strategies in cancer patients.
The spin rates of O stars in WR+O Magellanic Cloud binaries
Authors: Shara Michael M , Crawford Steven M , Vanbeveren Dany , Moffat Anthony F J , Zurek David , Crause Lisa 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Some massive, merging black holes (BHs) may be descendants of binary O stars. The evolution and mass transfer between these O stars determine the spins of their progeny BH. These will be measurable with future gravitational wave detectors, incentivizing the measurement of the spins of O stars in binaries. We previously measured the spins of O stars in Galactic Wolf–Rayet (WR)+O binaries. Here we measure the ve sin i of four Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and two Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) O stars in WR+O binaries to determine whether lower metallicity might affect the spin rates. We find that the O stars in Galactic and Magellanic WR+O binaries display average ve sin i = 258 ± 18 and 270 ± 15 km s−1, respectively. Two LMC O stars measured on successive nights show significant line width variability, possibly due to differing orbital phases exhibiting different parts of the O stars illuminated differently by their WR companions. Despite this variability, the ve sin i are highly supersynchronous but distinctly subcritical for the O stars in all these binaries; thus we conclude that an efficient mechanism for shedding angular momentum from O stars in WR+O binaries must exist. This mechanism, probably related to Roche lobe overflow (RLOF)-created dynamo magnetic fields, prevents nearly 100 per cent breakup spin rates, as expected when RLOF operates, as it must, in these stars. A Spruit–Tayler dynamo and O star wind might be that mechanism.
Exploring what patients with musculoskeletal conditions want from first point-of-contact health practitioners
Authors: Erwin Jo , Chance-Larsen Kenneth , Backhouse Michael , Woolf Anthony D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This research was conducted to support the development of the Musculoskeletal (MSK) Health Capabilities Framework to ensure that the framework reflected patients’ priorities. The aim of this study was to explore what patients with MSK problems want from their initial consultation with a first contact health practitioner and, from the patient perspective, what characterizes a good first contact health practitioner.

Methods
Focus groups were held in four locations across England. Sixteen participants, aged 19–75 years and with a self-declared MSK condition, took part (11 female, five male). Participants discussed the questions they want answered when first going to see a health professional about an MSK problem and how they would describe a good first contact health provider.

Results
Participants wanted answers to questions about the nature of the problem, the management of the problem, where to get information and support to help themselves, what activities they can do and what the future holds. Values and behaviours they expect and value from first contact health practitioners include good communication skills, appreciation of impact, a willingness to discuss alternative and complementary therapies, shared decision-making and an awareness of their own limitations and when to refer.

Conclusion
The MSK core capabilities framework for first contact health practitioners aims to ensure a person-centred approach in the first stages of managing any MSK problem with which a person may present. The focus groups enabled the developers of the framework to achieve a greater understanding of patient priorities, expectations and needs and allowed the patient perspective to be included in this national framework.
Shakespeare, Arden of Faversham, and Four Forgotten Playwrights
Authors: Taylor Gary 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This essay attempts to identify the primary author of Arden of Faversham, a play published anonymously in 1592, widely regarded as the first, and perhaps the best, domestic tragedy in English. Although many scholars now believe that Shakespeare wrote a small part of this play, there is no consensus about the authorship of most of it. This essay focuses on four Elizabethan playwrights whose extant work does not contain any securely identified single-author plays: Thomas Achelley, Michael Drayton, Richard Hathwaye, and Thomas Watson. It surveys the documentary evidence of their careers and reputations, and closely examines the literary style, originality, and variety of their extant work. This survey decisively rules out the first three, and provides strong and consistent evidence for Watson’s authorship. It identifies a new source for the play (Ovid’s Remedia Amoris), demonstrates its close connections to the 1591 royal entertainment at Elvetham, links the ahistorical role of Protector Somerset to Watson’s relationship with the Earl of Hertford, and argues that the play combines the earliest extant domestic tragedy with the earliest extant city comedy.
Digestibility of diets containing calcium salts of fatty acids or soybean oil in horses1
Authors: Fehlberg Laura K , Lattimer James M , Vahl Christopher I , Drouillard James S , Douthit Teresa L 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCalcium salts of fatty acids (CSFAs) frequently are fed to ruminants, but their fate in the equine digestive system is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare Enertia s/f, a proprietary CSFAs, and soybean (SB) oil with respect to impact on apparent total tract nutrient digestion and cecal fermentation parameters in horses. Eight cecally cannulated Quarter Horses were used in a crossover design in which horses consumed a diet for 32 d consisting of 1.5% body weight (BW) (as-fed) smooth bromegrass hay and 0.5% BW (as-fed) pelleted concentrate containing 4.9% CSFAs or 4.1% SB oil. Fecal samples were collected every 4 h from day 30 to 32 of each period and analyzed for apparent total tract digestibilities of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), and gross energy (GE) using acid detergent insoluble ash as an internal marker. Cecal digesta was obtained at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h following the morning meal on day 29 of each period and analyzed for pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acid (VFA) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). Serum was collected on day 33 of each period following a 16-h fast and analyzed for triglycerides and cholesterol. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF, CP, CF, and GE were unaffected by lipid source (P &gt; 0.10). Serum triglycerides tended to be greater in horses consuming CSFAs compared to SB (P = 0.10); however, serum cholesterol was not different (P = 0.45). In horses consuming SB, cecal pH decreased below baseline (hour 0) at hours 2, 4, and 6 (P &lt; 0.01), whereas cecal pH in horses consuming CSFAs was below baseline at hours 4 and 6 (P &lt; 0.01). There were no treatment or time effects on cecal pH (P &gt; 0.10). Cecal concentrations of total VFAs were greater in horses consuming SB compared to CSFAs at hour 2 (P = 0.01). Cecal concentrations of acetate, propionate, acetate:propionate (A:P), and butyrate were affected by time (P &lt; 0.01). Propionate was less at hour 2 in horses fed CSFAs compared to horses fed SB (P = 0.04). A treatment × time interaction was detected for total cecal LCFAs concentration (P &lt; 0.01); LCFAs concentration was greater at hour 2 for horses consuming CSFAs compared to horses fed SB (P = 0.02). SB oil and CSFAs have similar effects on the digestion of DM, NDF, ADF, GE, CF, and CP.
Cost of survivorship care and adherence to screening—aligning the priorities of health care systems and survivors
Authors: Benedict Catherine , Wang Jason , Reppucci Marina , Schleien Charles L , Fish Jonathan D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience significant morbidity due to treatment- related late effects and benefit from late-effects surveillance. Adherence to screening recommendations is suboptimal. Survivorship care programs often struggle with resource limitations and may benefit from understanding institution-level financial outcomes associated with patient adherence to justify programmatic development and growth. The purpose of this study is to examine how CCS adherence to screening recommendations relates to the cost of care, insurance status, and institution-level financial outcomes. A retrospective chart review of 286 patients, followed in a structured survivorship program, assessed adherence to the Children’s Oncology Group follow-up guidelines by comparing recommended versus performed screening procedures for each patient. Procedure cost estimates were based on insurance status. Institutional profit margins and profit opportunity loss were calculated. Bivariate statistics tested adherent versus nonadherent subgroup differences on cost variables. A generalized linear model predicted the likelihood of adherence based on cost of recommended procedures, controlling for age, gender, race, and insurance. Adherence to recommended surveillance procedures was 50.2%. Nonadherence was associated with higher costs of recommended screening procedures compared to the adherent group estimates ($2,469.84 vs. $1,211.44). Failure to perform the recommended tests resulted in no difference in reimbursement to the health system between groups ($1,249.63 vs. $1,211.08). For the nonadherent group, this represented $1,055.13 in “lost profit opportunity” per visit for patients, which totaled $311,850 in lost profit opportunity due to nonadherence in this subgroup. In the final model, nonadherence was related to higher cost of recommended procedures (p &lt; .0001), older age at visit (p = .04), Black race (p = .02), and government-sponsored insurance (p = .03). Understanding institutional financial outcomes related to patient adherence may help inform survivorship care programs and resource allocation. Potential financial burden to patients associated with complex care recommendations is also warranted.
Widespread Dysregulation of Long Noncoding Genes Associated With Fatty Acid Metabolism, Cell Division, and Immune Response Gene Networks in Xenobiotic-exposed Rat Liver
Authors: Karri Kritika , Waxman David J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractXenobiotic exposure dysregulates hundreds of protein-coding genes in mammalian liver, impacting many physiological processes and inducing diverse toxicological responses. Little is known about xenobiotic effects on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), many of which have important regulatory functions. Here, we present a computational framework to discover liver-expressed, xenobiotic-responsive lncRNAs (xeno-lncs) with strong functional, gene regulatory potential and elucidate the impact of xenobiotic exposure on their gene regulatory networks. We assembled the long noncoding transcriptome of xenobiotic-exposed rat liver using RNA-seq datasets from male rats treated with 27 individual chemicals, representing 7 mechanisms of action (MOAs). Ortholog analysis was combined with coexpression data and causal inference methods to infer lncRNA function and deduce gene regulatory networks, including causal effects of lncRNAs on protein-coding gene expression and biological pathways. We discovered &gt; 1400 liver-expressed xeno-lncs, many with human and/or mouse orthologs. Xenobiotics representing different MOAs often regulated common xeno-lnc targets: 123 xeno-lncs were dysregulated by ≥ 10 chemicals, and 5 xeno-lncs responded to ≥ 20 of the 27 chemicals investigated; 81 other xeno-lncs served as MOA-selective markers of xenobiotic exposure. Xeno-lnc—protein-coding gene coexpression regulatory network analysis identified xeno-lncs closely associated with exposure-induced perturbations of hepatic fatty acid metabolism, cell division, or immune response pathways, and with apoptosis or cirrhosis. We also identified hub and bottleneck lncRNAs, which are expected to be key regulators of gene expression. This work elucidates extensive networks of xeno-lnc—protein-coding gene interactions and provides a framework for understanding the widespread transcriptome-altering actions of foreign chemicals in a key-responsive mammalian tissue.
Mechanical control of morphogenetic robustness in an inherently challenging environment
Authors: Martin Emmanuel , Theis Sophie , Gay Guillaume , Monier Bruno , Rouvière Christian , Suzanne Magali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEpithelial sheets undergo highly reproducible remodeling to shape organs. This stereotyped morphogenesis depends on a well-defined sequence of events leading to the regionalized expression of developmental patterning genes that finally triggers downstream mechanical forces to drive tissue remodeling at a pre-defined position. However, how tissue mechanics controls morphogenetic robustness when challenged by intrinsic perturbations in close proximity has never been addressed.Here, we show that a bias in force propagation ensures stereotyped morphogenesis despite the presence of mechanical noise in the environment. We found that knockdown of the Arp2/3 complex member Arpc5 specifically affects fold directionality without altering neither the developmental nor the force generation patterns. By combiningin silicomodeling, biophysical and ad hoc genetic tools, our data reveal that junctional Myosin II planar polarity favors long-range force channeling and ensures folding robustness, avoiding force scattering and thus isolating the fold domain from surrounding mechanical perturbations.