bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear resistance and characteristics of the friction surface of the coating metal with carbide-boride-nitride-intermetallic alloying
Authors: Eremin E N , Losev A S , Borodikhin S A , Ponomarev I A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe metal deposited by flux-cored wire containing 15% chromium, 0.5% boron carbide, 0.5% boron nitride, 2.5% titanium diboride and 1.0% zirconium diboride was investigated. The hardness of such a metal reaches a maximum value of 58 HRC. The microhardness of the structural objects is 521-593 HV for the matrix, 829-978 HV for eutectics and 1262-1342 HV for reinforcing phases. It was established that the average value of the relative mass wear per test was 0.0034 g/m, and linear wear was 0.00862 mm/m, which is 2.2 times, respectively, and 2.7 times less than that of the coating metal without borides. The average value of the friction moment for the entire friction path of 452.16 m was 19.075 N⋅m. The coefficient of friction was 0.364. It is shown that the metal structure is an iron-chromium martensitic matrix with a eutectic component formed on the basis of boride (Fe, Cr)2B, having a frame structure, dispersed inclusions of (Fe, Cr)7(C, B)3carboronides and high strength nitridesε–(Fe, Cr)2-3N. High-chromium flux-cored wire alloyed by a complex of boron and nitrogen compounds provides a composite-type metal with high wear resistance and can be used for hardening the surfacing of parts operating under conditions of significant frictional loading.
Dependence of the structure and characteristics of a Russian alternative for AISI 304 stainless steel powder on the parameters of their laser cladding on substrates from low-carbon and structural steels
Authors: Lyukhter A B , Palkin P A , Zavitkov A V , Kononov D M , Kireev A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work studies X8 CrNiSiMg 17-8-6 steel powder, a Russian alternative for AISI 304 steel, cladded by ytterbium fiber laser on two types of substrates: heat-resistant steel and low-carbon steel. The results demonstrate the effect of laser radiation power on the macrostructure of single cladded beads and their fusion with the substrate. The selected regimes allow forming solid cladded layers. The paper also studies the microstructure of metallographic sections of cladded specimens, the phase composition of cladded layers and initial powder. The deliverables include the data on wear resistance, resistance to intercrystalline corrosion and strength of cladded layer fusion with the substrate.
Rapid welding technology for polyethylene gas pipes at temperatures below standard
Authors: Starostin N P , Ammosova O A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rapid polyethylene pipes welding technology at temperatures below standard is proposed. This technology consists of preheating, equalization to acceptable temperature, reflow in regulated mode, and cooling under heat insulation layer or in heat-insulating chamber. Additional welding parameters, including heating and temperature equalization duration, heat-insulating layer thickness or heat-insulating chamber dimensions, are calculated from condition of ensuring heat process flow according to welding pattern at acceptable temperature. For mathematical model adequacy to actual heat welding process, it is proposed to consider polyethylene phase transformation heat in temperature range. When solving problem using end-to-end counting method, effective heat capacity coefficient is introduced, which is determined using temperature dependence of polymer material crystallinity degree. Crystallinity degree in welding process is determined by differential scanning calorimeter. Results of calculating cooling rates for polyethylene pipes electrofusion welding at various temperatures are given. Significant increase of cooling rate in heat-affected zone during welding at low temperatures, at which fine-crystalline structure is formed, which causes weld material plasticity, is shown. It is shown that when welding polyethylene pipes in low ambient temperatures, preheating, temperature equalization and cooling with thermal insulation with calculated parameters lead to thermal process in heat-affected zone according to welding patterns at acceptable temperature.
Analysis on the measurement results of the precision grades and their influence on the performance of the hydraulic pumps with spur gears
Authors: Ghionea I G , Ghionea A L , Čuković S , Pleşa M I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents results of experimental measurements on the main precision grades for a cylindrical spur gearing, from the assembly of a hydraulic pump integrated in a hydrostatic driving system. For the components of this assembly, the main stages of the design, material characteristics, constructive, precision and functional parameters that define the flow, the pressure of the hydraulic environment, the driving speed are briefly presented. The analysis was performed based on the data obtained by measuring the gears’ deviations and tolerances. Among these, the most important data for complying the optimal requirements of the pump operating criteria were retained and analysed. The analysis of the measured results highlighted the main causes and effects of the deviations found. The presented results show the problem’s complexity and are important in evaluating the performances that characterize these types of pumps, with wide use in many fields of hydraulic actuators.
Experimental analysis of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet failure using punch stretching
Authors: Grigoras C , Chirita B , Brabie G , Ciofu C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The formability of magnesium alloy sheets at room temperature presents anisotropy in mechanical properties and difficulties in terms of occuring cracks easily, especially in regions with bend radius. In addition, the elastic spring-back is significant, leading to massive deviations from the desired shape. Recent studies conducted in this field lead to stretch forming magnesium alloys sheets using thermo-mechanical treatments at temperatures up to 400°C. The present study was conducted on 1 [mm] thick magnesium alloy AZ31B sheet to investigate its formability when stretching at room temperature by several dies with different radius. The stretching process was conducted on a hydraulic press, using 3D printed PLA dies with the following values: R180, R320, R540, R720, R900 and R1080. The samples were stretched until fracture to highlight the fracture force, distance to fracture, deviation from the die radius and bend angle.
Research on Multi-satellite Observation Multi-region Task Planning based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Jianwei , Yuan Bo , Wang Chao , Shi Lei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Space-based resources play an important role in the observation and handling of emergency events, and are widely used in national economic activities. In recent years, the large increase in the number of orbital spacecraft and the strategic transformation of the aerospace equipment application model have made the practical task planning for multi-type satellites of practical significance. The research and application of space-based regional reconnaissance algorithms are of great significance for improving the comprehensive application efficiency of spacecraft, forming uniform coverage of key areas, and improving the uniformity of satellite resource utilization and situational awareness. Based on the actual background of engineering application, this paper describes the scheduling problem of Earth observation satellites. Under the constraints of satellite resource capability, observable time, conversion time between reconnaissance missions, energy, etc., a multi-satellite multi-target reconnaissance mission is established. Planning model. With the most resource-saving and high situational awareness uniformity as the optimization index, the optimized satellite reconnaissance mission planning scheme is obtained based on genetic algorithm.
Mechanical System Performance Analysis of Commuter Aircraft’s Rear Landing Gear Design for Unpaved Runway
Authors: Rammon N A , Nirbito W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Landing gear design of this commuter aircraft was developed from the previous model, to carry more passengers. The total load of the aircraft will increase as passenger capacity increases. With a variety of runways in Indonesia, it is necessary to have a good landing gear performance for landing on a paved and unpaved runway. Performance of the landing gear design is analyzed through kinematics and dynamics methods. Main concern of this analysis is to find the capability of the landing gear shock absorber to damp the vibration response due to the impact of the landing gear system with the wavy surface of the unpaved runway, as well as the actuator ability as the extension and retraction mechanism driver. The analysis concluded that the landing gear design capable to perform during landing on a paved and unpaved runway, with a modification of the shock absorber and actuator design.
Design Analysis of Ducted Propeller for Bicopter Drone Propulsion
Authors: Priatmoko M R , Nirbito W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Drones nowadays have become an important part of people’s lives. Drones for transporting people or goods are considered to develop into reality. To be effective and efficient, the drone should be light but have big propulsion for big lift and thrust forces. This paper presents a way to improve the performances by designing usage of only 2 propulsion motors with ducted and special fan blades. The special designed fan blades theoretically will produce more thrust with smaller propeller size and lower RPM since combine the lift blade and momentum thrust effects. The required propulsion force to fly the drone with its payload is analyzed and detemined. Then the torque, rpm, airfoil type, Thrust Coefficient, and blade twist angles can be determined based on that propulsion force. Afterward, an evaluation is performed with fluid dynamics simulation tools to predict the forces acting on the propeller.
Enabling Edge Computing Ability in Mobile Satellite Communication Networks
Authors: Lai Junyu , Zhang Yudi , Zhong Lei , Qu Ying , Liu Rui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) can provide users reliable communication abilities wherever they are on earth surface, even in a high-speed motion status, which can either be stand-alone or a complementary service to the terrestrial communication systems. In the recent past, diverse MSS applications have been emerging rapidly. Some introduce unprecedentedly heavy traffic transmission pressure, and some others require real-time response, both of which cannot be satisfied by legacy mobile satellite communication networks anymore. This paper proposes an enhanced strategy to enable edge computing ability on the existing satellite networks. More precisely, this paper re-architects a GEO satellite node to become a cloudlet which possesses a set of computation, storage and networking resources, and can accomplish a certain amount of computing jobs which are typically happened on centralised cloud centre on the ground. A test-bed containing the emulated cloudlet-enabled GEO satellite has been built on a single PC. Functional test and performance evaluation are conducted for FTP file transmission and HTTP web browsing services. Experimental results show that the enhanced edge computing ability can effectively and efficiently decrease bandwidth consumption and lower the response latency in mobile satellite networks.
Single-Station TDOA Passive Location Under Multipath Propagation Conditions
Authors: Zhang Luxi , Song Yuanyuan , Li Yijun , Wan Qun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of limited information obtained by single-station location, a single-station time difference of arrival (TDOA) location algorithm based on scatterer-assisted single-station location under the condition of multipath propagation is proposed in this paper. The location of scatterers are known, and Chan algorithm of direct wave is applied to geolocation in non-direct wave environment. The simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve the goal of location with high accuracy and low complexity. It has a certain reference value for the engineering realization of target location in complex signal propagation environment.
Design optimization for torque density in brushless DC motor with IPM V-type using PSO Method
Authors: Uta Nugraha Yoga , Cahyadi Arief , Nur Yuniarto M , Sidharta Indra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The analysis model is the first stage used to determine the design parameters of the motor. It is coupled with an optimization method to find a combination of design parameters. The purpose of this paper is optimizing the torque density of the Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor with Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) V-type. The reference design is 3-phase and 12/8 pole BLDC motor with a concentrated winding. To obtain this optimal design, this is done by eliminating the rotor area that is not covered by magnetic flux without reducing the main performance of the motor. Elimination area prediction refers to initial motor design simulation which is operated on rating condition. Mathematical modeling is based on the 2-D finite element analysis (FEA) using software Ansys Maxwell. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with multi-objective function has been applied to determine the area of the rotor structure to be eliminated, resulting in an optimal torque-density design. Matlab code is also included to execute the optimization algorithm. Excitation uses the ideal sinusoidal signal by ignoring harmonic distortion. This paper features a new optimal design for IPM by considering torque density, cogging torque, harmonic distortion in back-electromagnetic force (back-EMF), and material demagnetization constraints using PSO. Quality of PSO optimization can be proven by increasing the torque density without compromising the main performance of the motor compared with FEA. With this method also provide disadvantage, such as the cost of production is more expensive because it should add a profile of the rotor mold.
Analysis of sea wave power plant design in Bangka Island Indonesia
Authors: Priyoko Prayitnoadi R , Rosa Firlya , Hudatwi Mu’alimah , Ubed Nurhadi M , Febrianto Ari , Roliana Nova 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Indonesia has a vast ocean of energy resource potential to be utilized including ocean wave energy. Sea waves can be used to drive electricity generation as an alternative to replacing electricity from fossil fuels. This research was conducted to determine the potential rotation of the electric motor drive shaft in two alternative designs of sea wave power plants (PLTGL). The analysis of shaft rotation results was done by collecting sea wave data in the coast of Bangka and making a PLTGL design in the Solid Works application. Next, the sea wave data was included as a parameter of the motion study simulation. Of the two alternative designs of PLTGL, the circular type gets the highest shaft rotation, which is 29.16 rpm. Although this research ignores the factors of material strength and load resistance, this research can be continued to find out more, either in the form of electricity generated or modified mechanism design.
Effect of Welding Current and Welding Speed on Weld Geometry and Distortion in TIG Welding of A36 Mild Steel Pipe with V-Groove Joint
Authors: Panji M , Baskoro A S , Widyianto A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, the effect of welding current and welding speed on the weld geometry and distortion in TIG welding process was investigated. The material used in this experiment is A36 mild steel pipe. The dimensions of specimen were 114.3 mm of outer diameter and 6 mm of thickness. The wire feeder used was ER70-S 6 with a V-groove joint as a type welding joint. The welding parameters varied were the welding current and welding speed. Welding results will be tested for weld geometry (outer bead width) and distortion after the welding process. The weld geometry was measured using Digital Microscope and the distortion was measured using outside micrometers before and after the welding process. The results show that increasing the welding current can widen the weld bead and increase distortion. While increasing the speed has little effect on the weld bead and distortion. Welding parameters with a welding current of 170 A and a welding speed of 0.9 mm/s produces the widest outer bead and the biggest tapers and distortion. In addition, the results of tapers and distortion in the axial direction were greater than the transverse direction of the pipe.
Influence of Mangan on Structure and Corrosion Properties of Cobalt Chrome Molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo)
Authors: Eka Perkasa Daniel , Qonita Aliya , Soegijono Bambang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Co-Cr-Mo alloy are usually used as implant materials in biomedical application. Corrosion resistance is one of the properties needed to full fill the requirement. The nature of material resistance in the body (biocompatibility) is determined by the corrosion resistance of a biomaterial. Corrosion which emits metal ions in the tissue directed at the implant and activates the system in the body. Mangan (Mn) were added to this alloy to enhance corrosion resistance. Addition of Mangan (Mn) might also affect to the structure of this alloy. X ray diffraction and Electrochemical experiment were conducted to characterized the structure and corrosion resistance of this alloy. The addition of Manganase shows significant influence on the structure and corrosion resistance on the Co-Cr-Mo alloy.
Effect of the number of layers of fiber in COPV PVC-Cotton on burst strength test
Authors: Lazuardi Dedi , Ally Sidik , Sonawan Hery 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) is a pressure vessel wrapped or coated by composite fibers. COPV is commonly used to reduce the weight of pressure vessel. Usually COPV combine the metal liner and wrapped by the glass or the carbon fiber. How the influence of layers number to burst strength test is studied. The PVC tube is wrapped by the natural fiber (cotton) is used, and the burst test is applied. The specimens consist of four tube, a tube without wrap, a tube with one layer wrap, a tube with two layers wrap and a tube with three layers wrap. The experiment indicate that the layer effective to augment the strength of burst test until 50%, but the addition of the number of layers, did not really affect the increase in COPV burst strength test.
The Effect of Tempering Temperature on Medium Carbon Steel Plate of Surface Hardening Result Using Induction Heating as Ballistic Resistant Material Study
Authors: Purwanto Helmy , Dzulfikar Muhammad , Tauviqirrahman Mohammad , Ismail Rifky , Lestari Nyoto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Steel that has been heat treatment using quenching is hard but brittle. Tempering was done to remove the agility caused by the residual stress. The objective of this paper writing is to know and analyze the effect of tempering temperature on the mechanic property of steel plate of the surface hardening result. Steel plate with thickness of 8 mm of surface hardening result quenched by oil media was tempered at temperature of 100, 200, 300 and 400°C. Simulation based on finite element method was conducted to know the ballistic resistance. Experiment result showed that heating through induction and quenching on oil resulted in surface hardening. Tempering treatment decreased the hardness but at low temperature, the tensile strength increases. The simulation result showed that quenching and tempering material at temperature of 100°C was more able to resist the ballistic rate compared to other various temperatures.
Electrochemical Behavior of Full Annealed Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Henniwuriyama Victoria , Ulina Margaretha Situmorang Evi , Soegijono Bambang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Austenitic Stainless Steel has been being used in many fields. Austenitic Stainless Steel which has composition 19 wt%Cr–7wt%Ni has been subjected to heat treatment. One of the many heat treatments applicable to improve the corrosion resistance is the full annealing method. This material subject to full annealing method with rapid quenching in various annealing temperatures; 1010°C, 1065°C, and 1120°C. Potentiodynamic curves before and after heat treatment were acquired to elaborate the electrochemical behavior of this austenitic stainless steel. Besides the corrosion rate, the structure of the austenitic stainless steel has been characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the structure. The results showed the full annealing modified the structure and the electrochemical behavior of the austenitic stainless steel.
Optimization of multilayer anti-reflection coatings for efficient light management of PEDOT:PSS/c-Si heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Hossain Jaker , Mondal Bipanko Kumar , Mostaque Shaikh Khaled , Ahmed Sheikh Rashel Al , Shirai Hajime 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present a theoretical model for the optimization of multilayer anti-reflection coatings for PEDOT:PSS/c-Si heterojunction solar cell based on optical interference transfer-matrix theory. A comprehensive idea of designing multilayer anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) on the solar cell and minimization of the overall reflectance is provided in this work. Optical reflectance values for various single, double and three layer anti-reflection coatings on PEDOT:PSS deposited c-Si substrate have been deduced using a MATLAB program and compared with that of the measured value. The reflectance value is calculated to be lower than 4% in the visible wavelength spectra for ARC by alternately using high and low refractive index materials. This low value of reflectance suggests that the anti-reflection coating layers proposed in this study can be employed as the standard ARC materials for optical coatings of the PEDOT:PSS/c-Si heterojunction solar cells.
Plasma catalysis: a brief tutorial
Authors: Carreon Maria L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This tutorial is intended to provide a basic overview of plasma catalysis, which is considered an emerging branch of plasma processing. This highly versatile technique can provide not only a route to produce highly specialized materials such as semiconductors and nanostructures at mild conditions, but it can open new pathways towards the decentralized production of several specialty chemicals such as ammonia, by pairing this technology with renewable electricity sources. Moreover, plasma catalysis offers the advantages of one pot ultra-fast reactions with minimal waste production as compared to traditional wet chemistry synthesis techniques. However, in order to completely exploit the full potential of plasma catalysis, a strong fundamental understanding of the effects of plasma on catalyst, catalyst on plasma and its synergism should be gained. This is a prospect that can be achieved by a multidisciplinary knowledge of the phenomena occurring at the plasma gas phase and at the interphase plasma-catalyst. Here in, first principles of plasma catalysis are presented. The main goal of this brief tutorial is to transmit to the scientists willing to explore this research area, the main characteristics that make this plasma research field so promising as a sustainable route to solve current energy and environmental challenges.
Levels of selection
Authors: Okasha Samir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
‘Levels of selection’ examines the levels-of-selection question, which asks whether natural selection acts on individuals, genes, or groups. This question is one of the most fundamental in evolutionary biology, and the subject of much controversy. Traditionally, biologists have mostly been concerned with selection and adaptation at the individual level. But, in theory, there are other possibilities, including selection on sub-individual units such as genes and cells, and on supra-individual units such as groups and colonies. Group selection, altruistic behaviour, kin selection, the gene-centric view of evolution, and the major transitions in evolution are all discussed.