bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) 2.0 — Die Richtlinie zur Änderung der Mehrwertsteuervorschriften für das digitale Zeitalter v. 30.10.2024 und ihre Auswirkungen auf das nationale Umsatzsteuerrecht
Authors: Nieskens Hans 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der nachfolgende Beitrag analysiert die vom Rat am 5.11.2024 (politisch) verabschiedete Richtlinie zur Änderung der Mehrwertsteuervorschriften für das digitale Zeitalter (ViDA) mit den drei Kernbereichen - elektronische Rechnung im standardisierten Format und digitales Meldepflichtensystem, Ausweitung und Verbesserung der Regelungen zur einzigen Anlaufstelle und der Ausweitung der Einbeziehung der Plattformwirtschaft in die Fiktion einer Liefer- und Dienstleistungskette - im Detail. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde dabei auf die durch das Wachstumschancengesetz bereits mit Wirkung zum 1.1.2025 verabschiedeten nationalen Regelungen zur elektronischen Rechnung und ihrer Kompatibilität zu den neuen ViDA-Regelungen gelegt.
Sensitivity analysis of Monte Carlo model of a gantry‐mounted passively scattered proton system
Authors: Baradaran‐Ghahfarokhi Milad , Reynoso Francisco , Prusator Michael T. , Sun Baozhou , Zhao Tianyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to present guidance on the correlation between treatment nozzle and proton source parameters, and dose distribution of a passive double scattering compact proton therapy unit, known as Mevion S250.MethodsAll 24 beam options were modeled using the MCNPX MC code. The calculated physical dose for pristine peak, profiles, and spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) were benchmarked with the measured data. Track‐averaged LET (LETt) and dose‐averaged LET (LETd) distributions were also calculated. For the sensitivity investigations, proton beam line parameters including Average Energy (AE), Energy Spread (ES), Spot Size (SS), Beam Angle (BA), Beam Offset (OA), and Second scatter Offset (SO) from central Axis, and also First Scatter (FS) thickness were simulated in different stages to obtain the uncertainty of the derived results on the physical dose and LET distribution in a water phantom.ResultsFor the physical dose distribution, the MCNPX MC model matched measurements data for all the options to within 2 mm and 2% criterion. The Mevion S250 was found to have a LETt between 0.46 and 8.76 keV.μm–1 and a corresponding LETd between 0.84 and 15.91 keV.μm–1. For all the options, the AE and ES had the greatest effect on the resulting depth of pristine peak and peak‐to‐plateau ratio respectively. BA, OA, and SO significantly decreased the flatness and symmetry of the profiles. The LETs were found to be sensitive to the AE, ES, and SS, especially in the peak region.ConclusionsThis study revealed the importance of considering detailed beam parameters, and identifying those that resulted in large effects on the physical dose distribution and LETs for a compact proton therapy machine.
Mechanical Control of Periodic Precipitation in Stretchable Gels to Retrieve Information on Elastic Deformation and for the Complex Patterning of Matter
Authors: Morsali Mohammad , Khan Muhammad Turab Ali , Ashirov Rahym , Holló Gábor , Baytekin H. Tarik , Lagzi Istvan , Baytekin Bilge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaterial design using nonequilibrium systems provides straightforward access to complexity levels that are possible through dynamic processes. Pattern formation through nonequilibrium processes and reaction–diffusion can be used to achieve this goal. Liesegang patterns (LPs) are a kind of periodic precipitation patterns formed through reaction–diffusion. So far, it has been shown that the periodic band structure of LPs and the geometry of the pattern can be controlled by experimental conditions and external fields (e.g., electrical or magnetic). However, there are no examples of these systems being used to retrieve information about the changes in the environment as they form, and there are no studies making use of these patterns for complex material preparation. This work shows the formation of LPs by a diffusion–precipitation reaction in a stretchable hydrogel and the control of the obtained patterns by the unprecedented and uncommon method of mechanical input. Additionally, how to use this protocol and how deviations from “LP behavior” of the patterns can be used to “write and store” information about the time, duration, extent, and direction of gel deformation are presented. Finally, an example of using complex patterning to deposit polypyrrole by using precipitation patterns is shown as a template.
Synthesis of 3‐Keto Pyridines from the Conjugated Allenone – Alkynylamine Oxidative Cyclization Catalyzed by Supported Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Fragkiadakis Michael , Kidonakis Marios , Zorba Leandros , Stratakis Manolis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecyclable supported Au nanoparticles on TiO2 catalyze the cyclization of N‐propargyl or N‐homopropargyl β‐enaminones followed by dehydrogenation (aromatization) leading to substituted 3‐keto pyridines or 4‐picolines in very good yields. This pathway is in contrast to their known cyclization in the presence of Au(I) or Au(III) catalysts which provides 1,4‐oxazepines, instead. The enaminones are formed in situ upon mixing a conjugated allenone or allenyl ester with the alkynylamine, thus the pyridine‐forming transformation is typically a one pot process.magnified image
A General Approach to Direct Growth of Oriented Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets on Reduced Graphene Oxides
Authors: Liu Chao , Huang Xiaodan , Liu Jizi , Wang Jing , Chen Zibin , Luo Rui , Wang Chaohai , Li Jiansheng , Wang Lianjun , Wan Jingjing , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUltrathin metal–organic framework nanosheets (UMOFNs) deposited on graphene are highly attractive, however direct growth of UMOFNs on graphene with controlled orientations remains challenging. Here, a low‐concentration‐assisted heterogeneous nucleation strategy is reported for the direct growth of UMOFNs on reduced graphene oxides (rGO) surface with controllable orientations. This general strategy can be applied to construct various UMOFNs on rGO, including Co‐ZIF, Ni‐ZIF, Co, Cu‐ZIF and Co, Fe‐ZIF. When UMOFNs are mostly attached perpendicularly on rGO, a 3D foam‐like hierarchical architecture (named UMOFNs@rGO‐F) is formed with an open pore structure and excellent conductivity, showing excellent performance as electrode materials for Li‐ion batteries and oxygen evolution. The contribution has provided a strategy for improving the electrochemical performance of MOFs in energy storage applications.
Trends of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine levels in different trimesters of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Mishra Jyoti , Tomar Abhilasha , Puri Manju , Jain Anju , Saraswathy K.N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of folate and vitamin B12 levels on pregnancy progression and outcomes.MethodsThe present study is a prospective follow up study of 100 pregnant women. Biochemical investigations (plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels) were performed on all pregnant women in first, second, and third trimesters. Nonparametric tests were used to compare the differences in median levels and odds ratio analysis for the assessment of the risk between the selected biomarkers and adverse pregnancy progression and outcomes.ResultsThe pregnant women at their first antenatal care visit were found to be predominantly folate replete (97%) and vitamin B12 deficient (60%). Hyperhomocysteinemia in first and second trimesters was found to pose more than 3‐fold increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes (P = .006 and .0002, respectively). Low birth weight (LBW) was found to be the most common adverse pregnancy outcome (52%), and was significantly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in the first and second trimesters (82%, P < .0001; 71.4%, P = .04, respectively).ConclusionThe vitamin B12 deficiency is more common among Indian pregnant women as compared to folate deficiency. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for pregnancy complications. Vitamin B12 deficiency in first and second trimesters is associated with LBW babies.
Simulated and observed air temperature trends in the eastern Adriatic
Authors: Radilović Slavko , Koračin Darko , Denamiel Cléa , Belušić Danijel , Güttler Ivan , Vilibić Ivica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClimate predictions of air temperature in coastal regions represent a great challenge due to the complex interactions among the atmosphere, sea, and land. With approximately 1,200 islands, the Adriatic is a region with a strong land‐sea contrast, land‐atmosphere feedback, and intense air‐sea interaction. Because the Mediterranean has been regarded as a “hot spot” for climate change, regional climate models can be used to provide insight into a more realistic representation of small‐scale weather and climate structure and variability. This advantage is due to the better representation of complex topography, developed coastlines, and land‐sea contrasts, which are important for investigating air temperature trends. The use of regional climate models together with high‐resolution reanalyses and observations in assessments of climate variability and climate change is highly valuable for understanding climate processes at regional scales. The present study focused on air temperature and its trends calculated from measurements and simulated by eight regional climate models from the EURO‐CORDEX database; these data were represented by UERRA reanalyses and E‐OBS gridded data. In the evaluation period (1989–2008), the models' RMSEs were fairly small, in the range 0.5–1.5°C, compared to the historical period (1961–2005), with RMSEs greater than 1.75°C. However, the models showed small absolute trend differences (up to 0.12°C·decade−1 for the historical period). The ensemble means in both periods showed an accuracy improvement of 15–20% compared to the individual models. The models exhibited more success in terms of representing the main statistics and variability of the air temperature structure than in reproducing the temperature trends over 45 years, especially in the northern Adriatic, where there is complex coastal topography and significant seasonal variability in the wind regime. The reanalyses well represented temperature structure but showed less success in explaining the temperature trends than the results from the measured data.
Expression of ESAT‐6 antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in broccoli: An edible plant
Authors: Saba Kiran , Sameeullah Muhammad , Asghar Asba , Gottschamel Johanna , Latif Sara , Lössl Andreas Günter , Mirza Bushra , Mirza Osman , Waheed Mohammad Tahir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is one of the major infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The development of an effective and economical vaccine for controlling TB is essential especially for developing countries. Edible plants can serve as biofactories to produce vaccine antigens. In this study, 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT‐6) of M. tuberculosis was expressed in Brassica oleracea var. italica via Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation to facilitate oral delivery of antigen. ESAT‐6 gene was cloned using Gateway® cloning strategy. Transformation and presence of transgene was confirmed through PCR. Expression level of transgene was calculated via quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and the maximum integrated transgene number was two. Maximum amount of total soluble fraction of ESAT‐6 was evaluated by immunoblotting, estimated to accumulate up to 0.5% of total soluble protein. The recombinant ESAT‐6 protein was further purified and detected using silver staining and Western blotting. ESAT‐6 protein induced humoral immune response in mice immunized orally and subcutaneously. The expression of M. tuberculosis antigen in edible plants could aid in the development of cost‐effective and oral delivery of an antigen‐based subunit vaccine against TB. To the best our knowledge, it is the first report of expression of a vaccine antigen in broccoli.
Comparison of the biomarkers for targeted therapies in primary extra‐mammary and mammary Paget's disease
Authors: Gatalica Zoran , Vranic Semir , Krušlin Božo , Poorman Kelsey , Stafford Phillip , Kacerovska Denisa , Senarathne Wijendra , Florento Elena , Contreras Elma , Leary Alexandra , Choi April , In Gino K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary Extra‐mammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a very rare cutaneous adenocarcinoma affecting anogenital or axillary regions. It is characterized by a prolonged course with recurrences and eventually distant metastatic spread for which no specific therapy is known.MethodsEighteen EMPD (13 vulvar and five scrotal) and ten mammary Paget's disease (MPD) cases were comprehensively profiled for gene mutations, fusions and copy number alterations, and for therapy‐relevant protein biomarkers).ResultsMutations in TP53 and PIK3CA were the most frequent in both cohorts: 7/15 and 5/15 in EMPD; 1/6 and 4/7 in MPD HER2 gene amplification was detected in 4/18 EMPD (3 vulvar and 1 scrotal case) in contrast to MPD where it was detected in the majority (7/8) of cases. TOP2A gene amplification was seen in 2/12 EMPD and 1/6 MPD, respectively. Similarly, no difference in estrogen receptor expression was seen between the EMPD (4/15) and MPD (3/10). Androgen receptor was also expressed in the majority of both cohorts (12/16 EMPD) and (7/8 MPD).Here ARv7 splice variant was detected in 1/7 EMPD and 1/4 MPD cases, respectively. PD‐L1 expression on immune cells was exclusively observed in three vulvar EMPD. In contrast to MPD, six EMPDs harbored a “high” tumor mutation burden (≥10 mutations/Mb). All tested cases from both cohorts were MSI stable.ConclusionsEMPD shares some targetable biomarkers with its mammary counterpart (steroid receptors, PIK3CA signaling pathways, TOP2A amplification). HER2 positivity is notably lower in EMPD while biomarkers to immune checkpoint inhibitors (high TMB and PD‐L1) were observed in some EMPD. Given that no consistent molecular alteration characterizes EMPD, comprehensive theranostic profiling is required to identify individual patients with targetable molecular alterations.
An Expedient Synthesis of Flexible Nucleosides through Enzymatic Glycosylation of Proximal and Distal Fleximer Bases
Authors: Vichier‐Guerre Sophie , Ku Therese C. , Pochet Sylvie , Seley‐Radtke Katherine L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe structurally unique “fleximer” nucleosides were originally designed to investigate how flexibility in a nucleobase could potentially affect receptor–ligand recognition and function. Recently they have been shown to have low‐to‐sub‐micromolar levels of activity against a number of viruses, including coronaviruses, filoviruses, and flaviviruses. However, the synthesis of distal fleximers in particular has thus far been quite tedious and low yielding. As a potential solution to this issue, a series of proximal fleximer bases (flex‐bases) has been successfully coupled to both ribose and 2′‐deoxyribose sugars by using the N‐deoxyribosyltransferase II of Lactobacillus leichmannii (LlNDT) and Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). To explore the range of this facile approach, transglycosylation experiments on a thieno‐expanded tricyclic heterocyclic base, as well as several distal and proximal flex‐bases were performed to determine whether the corresponding fleximer nucleosides could be obtained in this fashion, thus potentially significantly shortening the route to these biologically significant compounds. The results of those studies are reported herein.
Unexpected Effect of Intramolecular Phenolic Group on Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Guo Kai , Li Xialiang , Lei Haitao , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIron porphyrin 1 with appending phenolic group was synthesized and examined as electrocatalyst for the carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR). Unexpectedly, the chloride salt 1‐Cl is much less active as compared to iron porphyrin 2‐Cl, the structural analogue lacking the hanging phenolic group. By using the triflate salts, 1‐OTf is three times more active than 1‐Cl, while 2‐OTf displays the same activity as 2‐Cl for CO2RR. The observed trend 1‐OTf>2‐OTf=2‐Cl>1‐Cl indicates that the phenolic group has both positive effect as local proton donating site and unexpected negative effect on electrocatalytic CO2RR.
The characterization of isobaric product ions of fentanyl using multi‐stage mass spectrometry, high‐resolution mass spectrometry and isotopic labeling
Authors: Davidson J. Tyler , Sasiene Zachary J. , Jackson Glen P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study uses a combination of multi‐stage mass spectrometry (MSn), accurate mass measurements – with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) – and isotopic labeling to characterize the fragmentation behavior of fentanyl and 4‐ANPP. By understanding the fragmentation behavior of fentanyl and its analogs in more detail, toxicologists and seized drug analysts will be better poised to identify new and emerging fentalogs, which are increasingly common and deadly adulterants in the growing opioid crisis. Throughout the literature the product ion at m/z 188 is often the most abundant fragment in the mass spectrometric analysis of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs, and this fragment is used for both qualitative and quantitative determinations. Our work shows there are at least three different structures for the isobaric fentanyl product ions at m/z 188, and they each form and fragment via different pathways. The development of fragmentation mechanisms to explain the observed fragmentation pathways of fentanyl and its main precursor 4‐ANPP helps contribute to the advancement of knowledge about fentanyl fragmentation and could provide important information for the identification of future fentanyl analogs.
Food quality effects on instar‐specific life histories of a holometabolous insect
Authors: Holmes Leslie A. , Nelson William A. , Lougheed Stephen C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

It is a long‐standing challenge to understand how changes in food resources impact consumer life history traits and, in turn, impact how organisms interact with their environment. To characterize food quality effects on life history, most studies follow organisms throughout their life cycle and quantify major life events, such as age at maturity or fecundity. From these studies, we know that food quality generally impacts body size, juvenile development, and life span. Importantly, throughout juvenile development, many organisms develop through several stages of growth that can have different interactions with their environment. For example, some parasitoids typically attack larger instars, whereas larval insect predators typically attack smaller instars. Interestingly, most studies lump all juvenile stages together, which ignores these ecological changes over juvenile development.

We combine a cross‐sectional experimental approach with a stage‐structured population model to estimate instar‐specific vital rates in the bean weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus across a food quality gradient. We characterize food quality effects on the bean weevil's life history traits throughout its juvenile ontogeny to test how food quality impacts instar‐specific vital rates.

Vital rates differed across food quality treatments within each instar; however, their effect differed with instar. Weevils consuming low‐quality food spent 38%, 37%, and 18% more time, and were 34%, 53%, and 63% smaller than weevils consuming high‐quality food in the second, third, and fourth instars, respectively. Overall, our results show that consuming poor food quality means slower growth, but that food quality effects on vital rates, growth and development are not equal across instars. Differences in life history traits over juvenile ontogeny in response to food quality may impact how organisms interact with their environment, including how susceptible they are to predation, parasitism, and their competitive ability.
SorCS2 facilitates release of endostatin from astrocytes and controls post‐stroke angiogenesis
Authors: Malik Anna R. , Lips Janet , Gorniak‐Walas Malgorzata , Broekaart Diede W. M. , Asaro Antonino , Kuffner Melanie T. C. , Hoffmann Christian J. , Kikhia Majed , Dopatka Monika , Boehm‐Sturm Philipp , Mueller Susanne , Dirnagl Ulrich , Aronica Eleonora , Harms Christoph , Willnow Thomas E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSorCS2 is an intracellular sorting receptor of the VPS10P domain receptor gene family recently implicated in oxidative stress response. Here, we interrogated the relevance of stress‐related activities of SorCS2 in the brain by exploring its role in ischemic stroke in mouse models and in patients. Although primarily seen in neurons in the healthy brain, expression of SorCS2 was massively induced in astrocytes surrounding the ischemic core in mice following stroke. Post‐stroke induction was likely a result of increased levels of transforming growth factor β1 in damaged brain tissue, inducing Sorcs2 gene transcription in astrocytes but not neurons. Induced astrocytic expression of SorCS2 was also seen in stroke patients, substantiating the clinical relevance of this observation. In astrocytes in vitro and in the mouse brain in vivo, SorCS2 specifically controlled release of endostatin, a factor linked to post‐stroke angiogenesis. The ability of astrocytes to release endostatin acutely after stroke was lost in mice deficient for SorCS2, resulting in a blunted endostatin response which coincided with impaired vascularization of the ischemic brain. Our findings identified activated astrocytes as a source for endostatin in modulation of post‐stroke angiogenesis, and the importance of the sorting receptor SorCS2 in this brain stress response.
A Validation of a Multicultural Competency Measure Among South Korean Counselors
Authors: Lim Eun‐Mi , Kim Seong‐Hyeon 
Published: January 2020

The authors translated the California Brief Multicultural Competence Scale (CBMCS; Gamst et al., 2004), a measure of multicultural competence, into Korean for cross‐cultural validation. An exploratory factor analysis followed by a confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of Korean counselors (N = 365) supported a 3‐factor model: Multicultural Ability, Multicultural Knowledge, and Multicultural Awareness. The Korean version was deemed to possess sound psychometric properties, such as high test‐retest reliability and criterion‐related validity.Los autores tradujeron al idioma coreano la Escala Breve de Competencia Multicultural de California (CBMCS, por sus siglas en inglés; Gamst et al., 2004), un instrumento de medida de competencia multicultural, para su validación intercultural. Un análisis factorial exploratorio seguido de un análisis factorial confirmatorio sobre una muestra de consejeros coreanos (N = 365) respaldó un modelo de 3 factores: Habilidad Multicultural, Conocimiento Multicultural y Conciencia Multicultural. Se concluyó que la versión en coreano tenía propiedades psicométricas sólidas, como una alta fiabilidad de la repetición de las pruebas y una alta validez de criterio.