bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential microbial drivers of biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil sludge using a composting technique
Authors: Obi Linda , Atagana Harrison , Adeleke Rasheed , Maila Mphekgo , Bamuza‐Pemu Emomotimi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDImproper disposal of crude oil sludge poses a public health risk due to the toxic nature of components of the waste, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Such toxic wastes can be treated by bioremediation of the polluted sites with composting, an eco‐friendly technique that is gaining acceptance. Crude oil sludge was composted for four months during which surfactants were introduced. Fungi and bacteria were isolated from the compost using basic culture techniques. Residual concentrations of PAH components of the sludge during the composting period was monitored with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC‐MS).RESULTSMolecular characterization of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes of fungal isolates classified fungi in the compost into different genera including Aspergillus, Bionectria, Doratomyces, Exophiala, Fusarium, Galactomyces, Geotrichum, Mucor, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Trichurus. The bacterial isolates were classified into Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Brucella, Bacillus, Achromobacter, Advenella, Klebsiella, Mesorhizobium, Mycobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Pusillimonas and Raoultella. Results from analysis of residual PAH concentrations of composted samples showed higher degradation efficiency of the higher molecular weight (HMW) PAHs resulting in their complete degradation, whereas the lower molecular weight PAHs were not degraded completely.CONCLUSIONSCompost bioremediation is a sustainable waste management technique for hazardous wastes such as crude oil sludge. Inclusion of surfactants at different concentrations did not constantly improve the bioavailability of PAH compounds in the crude oil sludge but it promoted fungal growth in the treatments. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Intimate partner violence indirectly dysregulates child diurnal adrenocortical functioning through positive parenting
Authors: Hibel Leah C. , Nuttall Amy K. , Valentino Kristin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractData were drawn from an ongoing study of preschoolers (N = 221). Mothers self‐reported experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and parenting practices, and collected three saliva samples (waking, midday, and bedtime) on themselves and their child on 2 consecutive days. Saliva samples were later assayed for cortisol. Bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed IPV to indirectly impact child diurnal cortisol through positive parenting. Specifically, greater exposure to IPV was associated with reduced positive parenting and subsequently heightened child waking cortisol levels. IPV did not indirectly impact child diurnal cortisol via autonomy supporting parenting or maternal diurnal cortisol. These findings suggest a possible pathway by which mother's experience of IPV indirectly influences child physiological regulation via maternal positive parenting.
Locomotor muscle morphology of three species of pelagic delphinids
Authors: Kroeger Jacqueline P. , McLellan William A. , Arthur Logan H. , Velten Brandy P. , Singleton Emily M. , Kinsey Stephen T. , Pabst D. Ann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe locomotor muscle morphology of diving mammals yields insights into how they utilize their environment and partition resources. This study examined a primary locomotor muscle, the longissimus, in three closely related, similarly sized pelagic delphinids (n = 7–9 adults of each species) that exhibit different habitat and depth preferences. The Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) is a relatively shallow diver, inhabiting continental shelf waters; the striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) and short‐beaked common (Delphinus delphis) dolphins are sympatric, deep‐water species that dive to different depths. Based upon comparative data from other divers, it was hypothesized that the locomotor muscle of the deepest‐diving S. coeruleoalba would exhibit a higher percentage of slow oxidative fibers, larger fiber diameters, a higher myoglobin concentration [Mb], and a lower mitochondrial density than that of the shallow‐diving S. frontalis, and that the muscle of D. delphis would display intermediate values for these features. As expected, the locomotor muscle of S. coeruleoalba exhibited a significantly higher proportion of slow (57.3 ± 3.9%), oxidative (51.7 ± 2.5%) fibers and higher [Mb] (8.2 ± 0.7 g/100 g muscle) than that of S. frontalis (41.3 ± 3.9%, 31.0 ± 3.2%, 4.7 ± 0.05 g/100 g muscle, respectively). There were no differences in fiber size or mitochondrial density among these species. Like other deep divers, S. coeruleoalba displayed locomotor muscle features that enhance oxygen storage capacity and metabolic efficiency but did not display features that limit aerobic capacity. These results suggest a previously undescribed muscle design for an active, small‐bodied, deep‐diving cetacean.Highlights
The locomotor muscle features displayed by the striped dolphin, which are unique among deep divers, enhance oxygen stores but do not limit aerobic capacity. This novel muscle design may facilitate the active lifestyle of this small‐bodied deep diver.
Direct Comparison of Four Presurgical Stratifying Schemes for Prediction of Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Gadoxetic Acid‐Enhanced MRI
Authors: Sun Shu‐Wen , Liu Qiu‐Ping , Xu Xun , Zhu Fei‐Peng , Zhang Yu‐Dong , Liu Xi‐Sheng 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundMicrovascular invasion (MVI) is implicated in the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Presurgical stratifying schemes have been proposed for HCC‐MVI but lack external validation.PurposeTo perform external validation and comparison of four presurgical stratifying schemes for the prediction of MVI using gadoxetic acid‐based MRI in a cohort of HCC patients.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIncluded were 183 surgically resected HCCs from patients who underwent pretreatment MRI.Field Strength/SequenceThis includes 1.5–3.0 T with T2, T1, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic gadoxetic acid contrast‐enhancement imaging sequences.AssessmentA two‐trait predictor of venous invasion (TTPVI), Lei model, Lee model, and Xu model were compared. We relied on preoperative characteristics and imaging findings via four independent radiologists who were blinded to histologic results, as required by the tested tools.Statistical TestTests of accuracy between predicted and observed HCC‐MVI rates using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha statistics were used to evaluate reproducibility.ResultsHCC‐MVI was identified in 52 patients (28.4%). The average ROC curves (AUCs) for HCC‐MVI predictions were 0.709–0.880, 0.714–0.828, and 0.588–0.750 for the Xu model, Lei model, and Lee model, respectively. The rates of accuracy were 60.7–81.4%, 69.9–75.9%, and 65.6–73.8%, respectively. Decision curve analyses indicated a higher benefit for the Xu and Lei models compared to the Lee model. The ICC and Cronbach's alpha index were highest in the Lei model (0.896/0.943), followed by the Xu model (0.882/0.804), and the Lee model (0.769/0.715). The TTPVI resulted in a Cronbach's alpha index of 0.606 with a sensitivity of 34.6–61.5% and a specificity of 76.3–91.6%.Data ConclusionStratifying schemes relying on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI provide an additional insight into the presence of preoperative MVI. The Xu model outperformed the other models in terms of accuracy when performed by an experienced radiologist. Conversely, the Lei model outperformed the other models in terms of reproducibility.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:433–447.
The round trip model for severe herpes zoster caused by live attenuated varicella vaccine virus
Authors: Grose Charles , Enquist Lynn W. 
Published: January 2020

Highlights

Varicella vaccine is a live attenuated varicella‐zoster virus.
Varicella vaccine can enter latency and later reactivate as herpes zoster.
Pseudorabies virus is another herpesvirus closely related to varicella‐zoster virus.
The round trip model for pseudorabies virus explains pathogenesis of herpes zoster from vaccine virus.
Developing a highly selective method for preconcentration and determination of cobalt in water and nut samples using 1‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐2‐naphthol and UV–visible spectroscopy
Authors: Eskandarpour Maryam , Jamshidi Parastoo , Moghaddam Mohammad Reza , Ghasmei Jahan B , Shemirani Farzaneh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeavy metal contamination in water and agricultural products is a major concern that causes risks for human health. This article describes a highly selective approach to preconcentrate cobalt(II) (Co(II)) ions based on the standard UV–visible measurement of Co(II)–1‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐2‐naphthol complex at λ = 628 nm in water and nut samples. In this method, magnetic silica (mSiO2) was utilized as a practical sorbent and 1‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐2‐naphthol was employed as a complexing agent in the elution step. The adsorbent was characterized via X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the main variables (pH, adsorption time, sorbent amount, pH of eluent, ligand volume, and desorption time) were investigated and established.RESULTSThe maximum recovery was achieved at pH 7 ± 0.3, adsorption time of 60 min, sorbent amount of 40 mg, eluent pH 8 ± 0.2, ligand volume of 2 mL (16.95 × 10−4 mol L−1) and desorption time of 30 min. The linearity of dynamic range (10–500 μg L−1), limit of detection (0.32 μg L−1), relative standard deviation (3.04%), and preconcentration factor (25) show the reliability of the method. The sorbent was reusable 12 times. Selectivity and the effect of interference ions were successfully examined. The adsorption process of Co(II) ions on mSiO2 was investigated based on Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Freundlich model was fitted with the system and the maximum capacity adsorption of mSiO2 for Co(II) adsorption is 2.35 mg g−1. Then, the kinetics study revealed that the adsorption process of Co(II) ions on the mSiO2 follows the pseudo‐first‐order model. The thermodynamics parameters ΔG, ΔS, and ΔH were calculated.CONCLUSIONThe method was fruitfully applied to preconcentrate Co(II) ions in water and nut samples. This method offers high selectivity and precision for determining Co(II) ions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical pathway for enhanced recovery after surgery for gastric cancer: A prospective single‐center phase II clinical trial for safety and efficacy
Authors: Roh Chul Kyu , Son Sang‐Yong , Lee Sook Young , Hur Hoon , Han Sang‐Uk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a clinical pathway (CP) for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in gastric cancer patients, including early oral feeding and discharge on postoperative day 4.MethodsWe performed a prospective, single‐center, phase II clinical trial. Based on proposed indications for an ERAS CP in our retrospective study, we enrolled 133 patients younger than 65 years who were undergoing minimally invasive subtotal gastrectomy. The primary endpoint was the ERAS CP completion rate. Secondary endpoints included complication, mortality, hospital stay, and readmission.ResultsAmong 133 patients, six patients were dropped out from this study. The ERAS CP completion rate (77.2%, 98 of 127) was comparable to the historical control group that completed a conventional CP (85.4%, P = .085). The postoperative complication incidence (13.4%, 15 of 127) was also similar to that of the conventional CP group (9.5%, P = .174). We identified reduced hospital stays (4.7 ± 1.3 vs 7.2±2.3 days; P < .001) and lower hospital costs ($7771 vs 8539; P < .001) in the ERAS CP group compared with the conventional CP group.ConclusionsAn ERAS CP can be safely and effectively adopted for patients with gastric cancer without increasing the complication rate and could shorten hospital stays.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01642953).
Otopathology in CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Nourmahnad Anahita , O'Malley Jennifer , Reinshagen Katherine , Nadol Joseph B. , Quesnel Alicia M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPostmortem temporal bone computed tomography (CT) and histopathologic findings in an infant with CHARGE syndrome revealed bilateral cochleovestibular hypoplasia, including cochlear pathology relevant to cochlear implant candidacy. Both ears had absence of the superior semicircular canals (SCCs), severely hypoplastic posterior SCCs, and hypoplastic (right ear) or absent (left ear) lateral SCCs seen on CT and histopathology. Histopathology further revealed the absence of all SCC ampullae except the right lateral SCC ampulla and atrophic vestibular neuroepithelium in the saccule and utricle bilaterally. The right cochlea consisted of a basal turn with patent round window, and malformed middle turn (type IV cochlear hypoplasia), with a small internal auditory canal (IAC) but near normal cochlear nerve aperture (fossette). Quantification of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) on histologic sections revealed a reduced SGN population (35% of normal for age), but this ear would still have likely achieved benefit from a cochlear implant based on this population. The left cochlea consisted of only a basal turn with patent round window (type III cochlear hypoplasia) with a small IAC and very small cochlear nerve aperture. Notably, histology revealed that there were no SGNs in the cochlea, and therefore, this ear would not have been a good candidate for cochlear implantation.Level of evidence: IV.
A novel cross‐shore transport mechanism revealed by subsurface, robotic larval mimics: Internal wave deformation of the background velocity field
Authors: Garwood Jessica C. , Lucas Andrew J. , Naughton Perry , Alford Matthew H. , Roberts Paul L. D. , Jaffe Jules S. , deGelleke Laura , Franks Peter J. S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoastal physical processes are essential for the cross‐shore transport of meroplanktonic larvae to their benthic adult habitats. To investigate these processes, we released a swarm of novel, trackable, subsurface vehicles, the Mini‐Autonomous Underwater Explorers (M‐AUEs), which we programmed to mimic larval depth‐keeping behavior. The M‐AUE swarm measured a sudden net onshore transport of 30–70 m over 15–20 min, which we investigated in detail. Here, we describe a novel transport mechanism of depth‐keeping plankton revealed by these observations. In situ measurements and models showed that, as a weakly nonlinear internal wave propagated through the swarm, it deformed surface‐intensified, along‐isopycnal background velocities downward, accelerating depth‐keeping organisms onshore. These higher velocities increased both the depth‐keepers' residence time in the wave and total cross‐shore displacement, leading to wave‐induced transports twice those of fully Lagrangian organisms and four times those associated with the unperturbed background currents. Our analyses also show that integrating velocity time series from virtual larvae or mimics moving with the flow yields both larger and more accurate transport estimates than integrating velocity time series obtained at a point (Eulerian). The increased cross‐shore transport of organisms capable of vertical swimming in this wave/background‐current system is mathematically analogous to the increase in onshore transport associated with horizontal swimming in highly nonlinear internal waves. However, the mechanism described here requires much weaker swimming speeds (mm s−1 vs. cm s−1) to achieve significant onshore transports, and meroplanktonic larvae only need to orient themselves vertically, not horizontally.
In‐lake transformations of dissolved organic matter composition in a subalpine lake do not change its biodegradability
Authors: Stadler Masumi , Ejarque Elisabet , Kainz Martin J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn freshwater ecosystems, dissolved organic matter (DOM) originates from terrestrial and aquatic primary production, and its microbial biodegradability is expected to vary due to differences in its biogeochemical composition. However, the interaction of various DOM sources with the aquatic microbial population remains widely debated. Here, we performed laboratory bioassays, conducted in the dark for 20 d, to examine how changes in DOM composition influence its microbial biodegradability along a hydrological continuum (i.e., lake inlet, lake layers, and lake outlet) of a subalpine lake over four seasons. Despite a predominance of terrestrial DOM and lowest initial abundance of microorganisms, the highest microbial growth rates were observed at the lake inlet (0.0076 ± 0.0011 cells mL−1 h−1) across all seasons. DOM reactivity differed more with time (seasons) than with space (sampling sites) and DOM compositional differences showed higher degradability in upper lake layers, but not at the lake outlet. Additionally, gradual humification over incubation time was observed in almost all seasons and sites. Overall, an enhanced biodegradability of DOM was not detected even though lake sites were characterized by an autochthonous, presumably labile DOM signature. However, our results highlight the potential of thriving bacteria in terrestrial‐dominated DOM environments. This observation challenges a previous hypothesis that DOM of terrestrial origin is less accessible and more recalcitrant, while emphasizing the flexible response of aquatic systems to seasonal fluctuations.
Fused Silica with Embedded 2D‐Like Ag Nanoparticle Monolayer: Tunable Saturable Absorbers by Interparticle Spacing Manipulation
Authors: Li Rang , Pang Chi , Li Ziqi , Yang Ming , Amekura Hiroshi , Dong Ningning , Wang Jun , Ren Feng , Wu Qiang , Chen Feng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSaturable absorbers are key elements for generation of ultrafast laser pulses. The commercially available semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors are wavelength sensitive and with complex fabrication process and high cost. Fused silica is one of the basic materials for various optical applications. Plasmonic nanoparticles can be used to efficiently modulate the optical properties of dielectric materials owing to the enhanced field effects based on localized surface plasmonic resonance. Ion implantation is a direct technique to synthesize plasmonic nanoparticles inside dielectric materials, which can simultaneously tailor the optical nonlinearity of substrates significantly. In this work, Ag ion implantation into fused silica with tunable interparticle spacing is used to generate broadband optical nonlinearities and to endow silica with ultrafast saturable absorption property. This ion implantation forms a 2D‐like Ag nanoparticle monolayer buried inside fused silica wafer. The fused silica with embedded 2D‐like Ag nanoparticle monolayer is further applied as a new saturable absorber to generate ultrafast laser pulses with pulse duration of 27 ps and repetition rate of 6.5 GHz through the passive mode‐locking process. This work opens up a new route to develop low‐cost, highly stable saturable absorbers, and offers the possibility to build novel silica‐based photonic systems through nanoparticle spacing manipulation.
Thixomolded AZ91D and MRI153M magnesium alloys and their enhanced corrosion resistance
Authors: Buzolin Ricardo H. , Volovitch Polina , Maltseva Alina , Lamaka Sviatlana , Blawert Carsten , Mendis Chamini L. , Lohmüller Andreas , Kainer Karl U. , Hort Norbert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAZ91D and MRI153M alloys were produced by thixomolding. Their corrosion resistance is significantly higher than that of similar materials produced by ingot or die‐casting. A corrosion rate smaller than 0.2 mm/year in 5 wt% NaCl solution is measured for the thixomolded AZ91D alloy. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated using immersion tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, hydrogen evolution, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, and atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry. A bimodal microstructure is observed for both alloys, with the presence of coarse primary α‐Mg grains, fine secondary α‐Mg grains, β‐phase, and other phases with a minor volume fraction. The amount of coarse primary α‐Mg is significantly higher for the AZ91D compared with the MRI153M. The network of β‐phase around the fine secondary α‐Mg grains is better established in the thixomolded AZ91D alloy. A combination of several factors such as the ratio of primary to secondary α‐Mg grains, localised corrosion or barrier effect due to other phases, as well as regions of preferential dissolution of the α‐Mg due to chemical segregation, are thought to be responsible for the high corrosion resistance exhibited by the thixomolded AZ91D and MRI153M.
Synthesis of Tri‐Aryl Methane Epoxy Resin Isomers and Their Cure with Aromatic Amines
Authors: Reyes Larry Q. , Issazadeh Salumeh , Zhang Jane , Dao Buu , Varley Russell J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, two tri‐aryl and one bi‐aryl epoxy resin, bis[(glycidyloxy)phenyl)]‐m‐xylene (BGOPmX), bis[(glycidyloxy)phenyl)]‐p‐xylene (BGOPpX), and bis(glycidyloxy) biphenyl (BGOBP) are synthesized and cured with methylene dianiline and 4,4′‐diamino diphenyl sulfone. Structure, property, and processing relationships are investigated and compared against diglycidyl ether of bis‐phenol F epoxy resin to better understand the impact of rigid and flexible subunits within the network structure. The rigid BGOBP epoxy network has a higher yield strain, and displays the highest glass transition temperature and a higher coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) regardless of amine. Conversely, the more flexible tri‐aryl epoxy resins, BGOPmX and BGOPpX, have higher moduli and lower CTE. Properties such as yield stress and thermal degradation are relatively unaffected by structure. Results where possible are discussed in terms of the likely equilibrium packing density of the network and short range and segmental motions of the polymer networks determined from sub‐ambient dynamic mechanical analysis. Differences between BGOPmX and BGOPpX highlight the effect of minor variations in structure on reactivity, glass transition temperature, and compressive properties. This work clearly illustrates how fine control of chemical structure can tune the mechanical and thermal properties and reaction kinetics of network polymers.
The economic valuation of social aspects: A multicriteria approach based on input–output models1
Authors: Sanaú Jaime , Gómez‐Bahillo Carlos , Moreno‐Jiménez José María 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDecision making on the suitability of public investment projects has traditionally been based on the study of their economic feasibility. Since the end of the 1970s, this has been complemented by a more holistic vision of reality in which social and environmental aspects are explicitly considered alongside economic factors. This paper proposes a new evaluation methodology that allows for the valuation of social and environmental factors in economic terms. The methodology is based on use values (direct, indirect, and potential) and nonuse values (bequest and existence) that are usually studied for an environmental evaluation. The resulting economic value is obtained by the utilization of (a) input–output models to calculate the direct use value in monetary terms and (b) multicriteria techniques (especially the analytic hierarchy process) and comparative models to estimate the remaining use (indirect and potential) and nonuse values (bequest and existence). The methodology is applied to a real‐life problem in Aragon.