bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six-year source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols from near-continuous highly time-resolved measurements at SIRTA (Paris area, France)
Authors: Zhang Yunjiang , Favez Olivier , Petit Jean-Eudes , Canonaco Francesco , Truong Francois , Bonnaire Nicolas , Crenn Vincent , Amodeo Tanguy , Prévôt Andre S. H. , Sciare Jean , Gros Valerie , Albinet Alexandre 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) particles are recognized as key factors influencing air
quality and climate change. However, highly time-resolved long-term
characterizations of their composition and sources in ambient air are still
very limited due to challenging continuous observations. Here, we present an
analysis of long-term variability of submicron OA using the combination of
an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and a multiwavelength Aethalometer
from November 2011 to March 2018 at a peri-urban background site of the
Paris region (France). Source apportionment of OA was achieved via partially
constrained positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine
(ME-2). Two primary OA (POA) and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors were
identified and quantified over the entire studied period. POA factors were
designated as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). The
latter factor presented a significant seasonality with higher concentrations
in winter with significant monthly contributions to OA (18 %–33 %) due to
enhanced residential wood burning emissions. HOA mainly originated from
traffic emissions but was also influenced by biomass burning in cold
periods. OOA factors were distinguished between their less- and
more-oxidized fractions (LO-OOA and MO-OOA, respectively). These factors
presented distinct seasonal patterns, associated with different atmospheric
formation pathways. A pronounced increase in LO-OOA concentrations and
contributions (50 %–66 %) was observed in summer, which may be mainly
explained by secondary OA (SOA) formation processes involving biogenic
gaseous precursors. Conversely, high concentrations and OA contributions
(32 %–62 %) of MO-OOA during winter and spring seasons were partly
associated with anthropogenic emissions and/or long-range transport from
northeastern Europe. The contribution of the different OA factors as a
function of OA mass loading highlighted the dominant roles of POA during
pollution episodes in fall and winter and of SOA for highest springtime and
summertime OA concentrations. Finally, long-term trend analyses indicated a
decreasing feature (of about −175 ng m−3 yr−1) for MO-OOA, very
limited or insignificant decreasing trends for primary anthropogenic
carbonaceous aerosols (BBOA and HOA, along with the fossil-fuel and biomass-burning black carbon components) and no statistically significant trend for
LO-OOA over the 6-year investigated period.
Destino sustentável de resíduos sólidos orgânicos em restaurante escola: uma proposta de implementação
Authors: Turchetto Queila , Schüroff Hana Paula , Barros Junior Carlos De , Andreazzi Marcia Aparecida , Emanuelli Isabele Picada 
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os resíduos de laranja gerados em restaurante escola propondo um destino ambientalmente correto. Tendo como objetivo específico propor o reaproveitamento dos resíduos na alimentação dos bovinos da Fazenda Universitária da instituição. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo descritiva da gestão de resíduos de laranja. A investigação foi realizada em duas etapas: primeiramente caracterizou-se o estabelecimento de restauração; e em um segundo momento caracterizou-se uma proposta de aproveitamento dos resíduos na alimentação bovina. Na semana do estudo o restaurante atendeu 3.219 pessoas, produzindo 203,47Kg de bagaço de laranja, que foram destinados direto ao aterro do município. Infere-se que o restaurante descarta anualmente no aterro sanitário quase uma tonelada de resíduos de laranja cabíveis de reaproveitamento. A fazenda da Instituição têm 176 alqueires e contém 632 bovinos, sendo 65 de leite e 567 de corte. Os resíduos de laranja in natura gerados em restaurantes podem ter uma destinação sustentável para serem aproveitados em fazendas próximas sendo integrados na alimentação bovina. O restaurante mostrou-se receptivo, solícito e participativo na execução deste projeto, na exposição do problema dos resíduos, e na proposta de sustentabilidade, bem como no desejo de implanta-las, com raras exceções.
Is the rotarod test an objective alternative to the gait score for evaluating walking ability in chickens?
Authors: Malchow J , Dudde A , Berk J , Krause ET , Sanders O , Puppe B , Schrader L 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWalking ability is related to motor co-ordination which, in rodents, can be assessed by an established test in pharmacological studies — the rotarod test. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a modified rotarod test for chickens and its relation to the often-used gait score system. At the end of their rearing period, we tested 138 male chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from three differing growth performance strains: Ross 308 (fast-growing; n = 46), Lohmann Dual (medium-growing; n = 46) and Lohmann Brown Plus (slow-growing; n = 46). First, the chickens’ gait scores were assessed and, immediately following this, they were placed gently onto a steady rod. The velocity of the rotating rod gradually increased, and the latency to leave the rod was recorded. By using a linear mixed model, we were able to show that the latency to leave the rotating rod was significantly predicted by the gait score. Fast-growing chickens had shorter durations on the rotating rod, and these durations were associated with gait score. We conclude that the rotarod test provides an objective alternative method for assessing walking ability in chickens without the need for intense observer training or the risk of observer biases and propose that this novel methodology has the potential to function as a precise, objective indicator of animal welfare.
The presence of C. P. Cavafy in Greek education: Landmarks and Gaps
Authors: Kalasaridou Sotiria 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article aims to highlight the crucial stages of C.P. Cavafy’s “history in education” through textbooks about literature from 1930 until today. More specifically, the research is constructed around two areas: a) the fundamental role of literary criticism and how it was related to the introduction of C.P. Cavafy in education in 1930, b) the degree of osmosis between History of Literature and History of Education. The methodological criteria of the research are drawn from different areas, such as: i) literary criticism, ii) history of education and educational policy, iii) history of textbook anthologies, and iv) poetry anthologies. a) During a course of eighty years, C. P. Cavafy is found in thirty-five anthologies, teachers’ textbooks and curricula, whereas the parallel reading recommendations reach a staggering eighty-seven; Ithaca is the most anthologised poem — twelve times. b) The positive opinions by the critics and the momentum of school anthologies that tried a holistic approach to poetry defined the inclusion of C. P. Cavafy in the school anthologies during the educational reform of 1929-1932. c) The position of Cavafy in the History of Modern Greek Literature by K. Th. Dimaras surpasses the efforts made by the critics of that time. Moreover, Linos Politis also holds a part of the restoration of C. P. Cavafy as far as the school textbooks are concerned, as his History of Modern Greek Literature, as well as his poetic anthology, determined the school literary canon from the days of the Restoration of Democracy until now.
Gestational Diabetes, the Human Milk Metabolome, and Infant Growth and Adiposity
Authors: Nagel Emily M. , Peña Armando , Dreyfuss Jonathan M. , Lock Eric F. , Johnson Kelsey E. , Lu Chang , Fields David A. , Demerath Ellen W. , Isganaitis Elvira 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceGestational diabetes (GD) is linked to health risks for the birthing parent and infant. The outcomes of GD on human milk composition are mostly unknown.ObjectiveTo determine associations between GD, the human milk metabolome, and infant growth and body composition.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort study using data from the Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth and the Maternal Milk, Metabolism, and the Microbiome studies at the University of Oklahoma and University of Minnesota, large prospective US cohorts with a high proportion of exclusive breastfeeding. Participants were mother-infant dyads recruited between October 2014 and August 2019 who planned to exclusively breastfeed for 3 or more months. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to August 2024.ExposureGD diagnosed via oral glucose tolerance test.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe milk metabolome was assessed by untargeted liquid chromatography–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry at 1 month post partum. Infant growth (weight for length z score, length for age z score, and rapid weight gain) and body composition (percentage body fat and fat-free mass index) from 0 to 6 months were assessed. Linear regression analyses tested associations between GD and milk metabolites, with adjustment for covariates and potential confounders.ResultsAmong 348 dyads (53 with GD), 27 (51%) of the GD-exposed infants were female and 157 (53%) of nonexposed infants were male; 10 (19%) were Asian, 2 (4%) were Black or African American, and 37 (70%) were White. The mean (SD) age was higher in the GD group (with GD, 34.0 [4.3] years; without GD, 30.7 [4.1] years). In adjusted models, GD was associated with differential levels of 9 metabolites of 458 tested (FDR&amp;lt;0.05); 3 were higher (2-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-methylphenylacetic acid, and pregnanolone sulfate) and 6 were lower in women with GD (4-cresyl sulfate, cresol, glycine, P-cresol sulfate, phenylacetic acid, and stearoylcarnitine). Phenylacetic acid was associated with length for age z score (β = 0.27; SE, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.16), 2-hydroxybutryic acid with percentage body fat (β = −1.50; SE, 0.66; 95% CI, −2.79 to −4.82), and stearoylcarnitine with greater odds of rapid weight gain (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.25). GD was associated with greater length for age z scores (β = 0.48; SE, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.91).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this observational cohort study, GD was associated with altered concentrations of several human milk metabolites. The associations between these metabolites and infant growth suggest that milk compositional differences in mothers with GD may beneficially moderate the growth and body composition of their infants.
Mortality Among Severely Injured Adolescents Admitted to Pediatric vs Adult Trauma Centers
Authors: Muttalib Fiona , Tillmann Bourke , Ernst Genevieve , Murthy Srinivas , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Hansen Bettina , Adhikari Neill K. J. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceCare in a pediatric (vs adult) trauma center improves outcomes for injured children aged 0 to 12 years, but whether pediatric care benefits injured adolescents is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of pediatric vs adult trauma center care with mortality among severely injured adolescents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2020, among adolescents aged 12 to 16 years who were admitted to level I or level II adult trauma centers or a level I pediatric trauma center in British Columbia, Canada. Analysis was conducted between January and September 2024.ExposureAdmission to a level I pediatric trauma center or level I or level II adult trauma center.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was hospital mortality for the index trauma incident. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to estimate the association of admission to a pediatric trauma center with mortality.ResultsA total of 416 patients aged 12 to 16 years (median [IQR] age, 15 [13-16] years; 308 male [74.0%]) were admitted to a level I or level II trauma center with severe injury (201 [48.6%] at a pediatric trauma center; 83 [20.0%] at a level I adult trauma center; and 132 [31.7%] at a level II adult trauma center). Patients admitted to the pediatric trauma center (vs level I or level II adult centers) had lower median (IQR) age (14 [13-15] years vs 15 [14-16] years), higher median (IQR) Injury Severity Score (16 [9-21] vs 13 [9-18]) and fewer penetrating injuries (10 injuries [5.0%] vs 28 injuries [13.0%]). Hospital mortality was 7.0% (14 of 201 patients) among patients admitted to the pediatric center vs 4.2% (9 of 215 patients) among those admitted to an adult trauma center. There was no statistically significant difference in hospital mortality between patients admitted to pediatric vs adult trauma centers (adjusted odds ratio, 2.61; 95% CI, 0.88-7.69; P = .08).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of severely injured adolescents, pediatric trauma center admission was not associated with improved hospital mortality. These findings suggest that severely injured adolescents aged 12 to 16 years may be safely treated at either adult or pediatric trauma centers.
Misinformation and Readability of Social Media Content on Pediatric Ankyloglossia and Other Oral Ties
Authors: Booth Lindsay , Aldaihani Abdullah , Davidson Jacob , Wilson Claire , Lawlor Claire , Hong Paul , Graham M. Elise 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceDiagnosis of pediatric ankyloglossia and other oral ties is increasing in part due to social media, leading to more frenotomies and excess medicalization of often normal anatomy.ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy and readability of social media content on pediatric ankyloglossia and other oral ties.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, the top 200 posts on an image-based social media platform tagged with #tonguetie, #liptie, or #buccaltie were collected using a de novo account on March 27, 2023. Post metadata and caption and content text were extracted.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMisinformation was judged by a 30-point scoring sheet based on clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus that was developed by 3 fellowship-trained pediatric otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeons. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch Reading Ease, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook scales. Quality was scored using the JAMA Benchmark Criteria.ResultsAfter removing duplicates and irrelevant content, 71 unique posts from 68 unique accounts were included in the analysis. Business and practice accounts made up most of the account types (60 [84.5%]) compared with individual and personal accounts (11 [15.5%]). Most accounts (49 [69.0%]) were run by individuals who self-identified as health care practitioners, and 21 posts (29.6%) originated from accounts of individuals who self-identified as International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs). On average, the content corresponded to a ninth-grade reading level per Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. Quality of posts as rated by the JAMA Benchmark Criteria corresponded to a median score of 3.0 (IQR, 2.0-4.0). Of the 71 posts, only 8 (11.3%) contained no misinformation. There was a significant difference in misinformation prevalence between accounts run by IBCLCs vs non-IBCLCs, with posts from IBCLCs less likely to contain over 50% misinformation (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.81), compared with posts from non-IBCLCs.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found a high frequency of misinformation in social media content on ankyloglossia. Most content was generated by self-identified health care practitioners but not physicians. Furthermore, the grade level of the content reviewed was above that recommended for the public. As the public increasingly looks to social media for medical information, health care practitioners should correct medical misinformation.
Electromagnetic Shielding
Authors: Celozzi Salvatore , Araneo Rodolfo , Lovat Giampiero 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper provides a survey of the basic principles of electromagnetic shielding. It discusses figures of merit for shielding configurations and presents the shielding effectiveness in electrostatics, magnetostatics, and electromagnetics. Starting from the plane wave formulation, advanced concepts about the behavior of stratified media, apertures, and near–field shielding are discussed. Finally, the paper introduces the most relevant standards for measuring shielding effectiveness.
Coaxial Lines and Waveguides
Authors: Karmakar Nemai C. , Padhi Shantanu K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, we first describe the classical theory in which transmission lines are assumed to be a distributed section of series resistance and inductance as well as shunt capacitance and conductance. This model is then evolved into the telegrapher equation, which explains the wave nature of electromagnetic energy guided by a two‐conductor transmission line. Finally, the field theory of transmission lines is used to derive coaxial transmission‐line theory.
Feedback Oscillators
Authors: Zhou Jianyi , Hong Wei , Zhao Jianing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, the configuration, the mathematical model, and the typical circuits of the RF feedback oscillators are summarized. With the mathematical model and the feedback theory, the balanced condition, the startup condition, and the stability condition are provided. The frequency stability and the phase noise of the feedback oscillators are discussed in detail. Typical RF feedback oscillators with lumped, distributed, dielectric, cavity components are illustrated.
Digital Phase‐Locked Loop
Authors: Ho Cheng‐Ru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter overviews the topology of digital phase‐locked loop (DPLL) structure and extensive advantages compared to it analog counterpart, that is, the conventional charge‐pump PLL. The basic operation and implementation of the DPLL building block are introduced, including the digital quantizer, digital embodiment and digitally controlled oscillator. The ‐domain model of the DPLL loop is discussed to provide a high‐level picture how to analyze the digital loop dynamic. To emphasize the feasibility of the potential digital‐signal processing (DSP) techniques embedded in the DPLL architecture, the DSP module is studied with a spur cancellation scheme as a representative example. The rationale of the DSP engine and DPLL implementation with silicon proof is demonstrated to validate the effectiveness of the DSP technique. Finally, multiple state‐of‐the‐art DPLLs (only to name a few because of the length requirement) with various DSP capabilities are reviewed. Those prior works with unprecedentedly performance imply the potential of this digital architecture to be adopted for the integrated circuit design community.
Estimation of potential seed dispersal regions based on floating and ballochory of Euphorbia adenochlora capsules
Authors: Niwa Hideyuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The ability to disperse individuals and seeds among subpopulations is required for the sustainability of plant metapopulations. Understanding the mechanism of seed dispersal is essential for the conservation and restoration of plant diversity.

In this study, Euphorbia adenochlora growing on floodplains was used as a research target to obtain new knowledge about hydrochory and ballochory and estimate potential dispersal range related to hydrological regimes. A wetland spreading around the Omi Maiko Inner Lake in Minami‐Komatsu, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, was the study site.

Euphorbia adenochlora bear capsules, which have a three‐chambered hollow structure and which float on water up to 14 days, they can be dispersed by hydrochory. The capsule of E. adenochlora splits open when it dries, and ejects the seeds at a maximum distance of 4.1 m, indicating that the drifting capsule is capable for secondary dispersal by ballochory.

At the study site, 2% of E. adenochlora subpopulations were within the range where fallen capsules could be dispersed by hydrochory, and 33% of E. adenochlora subpopulations could have been formed by ballochory from the drift line.

Practical implications. These subpopulations are crucial for the conservation of E. adenochlora population at the study site. Furthermore, the fluctuating and maximum water levels from late May to mid‐June for E. adenochlora were considered important to the formation of new subpopulations.
California's Proposition 36: The drug policy pendulum swings back
Authors: de Miranda John 
Published: December 2024

Most probably influenced by media images of smash‐and‐grab robberies, almost 10 million California voters (68.6%), by voting “Yes” for Proposition 36, decided that these crimes should be addressed. Unfortunately, once again drug use and users were joined to these crimes, and the result is a rollback of some of the progressive drug policies of recent years.
Effect of Bending Strain on Superconducting Transition Temperature of FeSe0.5Te0.5 Thin Films
Authors: Gao Ye , Liu Huaying , Liu Siqian , Mei Chenguang , Huang Haoliang , Hu Sixia , Li Xiaoxu , Mi Shu , Meng Miao , Feng Ce , Sun Weideng , Wang Yutong , Lu Yalin , Zhang Yuzhong , Zhao Yonggang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIron chalcogenide superconductors of iron‐based superconductor (IBS) family, have attracted much attention recently. For the study of unconventional superconductors, uniaxial strain effect plays an important role with the actuator method as the main approach with quite limited strain. This is unfavorable for uncovering the full behavior and the understanding of strain effect. Here, FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin films are grown on mica to induce strains via different bending states with strain reaching 2%, roughly an order of magnitude larger than that of the actuator method. Both the lattice parameters and transport properties show changes with strain. The variation of superconducting transition temperature (Tc) with compressive strain shows a nonmonotonic change with a maximum. Theoretical calculations suggest that superconductivity is influenced by the spin fluctuation in different bending states. The nonmonotonic change of Tc with compressive strain can be understood by considering the strain‐dependent competition between the spin fluctuation and nematic order. This work provides valuable insights for understanding the superconducting mechanism of IBS and also paves the way for exploring unconventional superconductivity via bending strains.
Dual‐Source Defect Managing of Tin–Lead Perovskite for Efficient All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Jianan , Zhou Qishen , Zhu He , Pan Yongyan , Shi Chenyang , Liu Sanwan , Zhou Zheng , Sun Huande , Cai Yong , Chen Rui , Ren Fumeng , Zhao Zhengjing , Cai Zihe , Qin Xiaojun , Zhao Zhiguo , Yang Zhichun , Liu Zonghao , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAll‐perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) hold a great promise to break the Shockley‐Queisser (S‐Q) efficiency limit of single‐junction solar cells. However, the inferior performance of the tin‐lead (Sn–Pb) mixed perovskites based narrow‐bandgap bottom subcells largely limits the development of all‐perovskite TSCs due to the serious defects assisted non‐radiative charge recombination loss, especially at the perovskite/electron charge transport layer (ETL) interface. Herein, a dual‐source defect managing strategy is demonstrated to modify the top surface of Sn–Pb mixed perovskites. Specifically, ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDAI2) and (3‐mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS) are simultaneously introduced to passivate the organic cations and metal cations related defects, respectively. The strong interactions between the passivators and Sn–Pb perovskite result in effectively reduced non‐radiative carrier recombination, obviously suppressed Sn2+ oxidation and accelerated carrier transportation at the perovskite/ETL interface. Ultimately, a champion efficiency of 22.7% for single‐junction Sn–Pb solar cells and an impressive efficiency of 28.26% for the all‐perovskite TSCs are achieved based on the dual‐source defect managing strategy.