bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urbane Kämpfe zwischen Staat und Aktivismus
Authors: Gauditz Leslie 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Athen hat sehr spezifische aktivistische Szenen. 2015 – 2019 gab es Hausbesetzungen für geflüchtete Migrant*innen, die das Stadtinnere sichtlich beinflussten. Nachdem in Griechenland 2019 eine rechtskonservative Regierung gewählt wurde, mehrten sich Räumungen und repressiven Maßnahmen. Eklat war die Abschaffung des sogenannten Universitätsasyls. Aktivist*innen verblieben in reaktiven Positionen. Die Regierung fand keine soziale Lösungen für die Migrant*innen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt zentrale Vorgänge 2019/2020 und setzt sie in Kontext.
Microstructure evolution of TC4 powder by spark plasma sintering after hot deformation
Authors: Yan Jiangpeng , Zhang Zhimin , Xu Jian , Wu Yaojin , Zhao Xi , Xue Yong , Liu Haijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe cylindrical samples of TC4 titanium alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were compressed with hot deformation of 70% on the thermosimulation machine of Gleeble-1500. The temperature of the processes ranged from 850°C to 1,050°C, and the strain rates varied between 0.001 and 5 s−1. The relative density of the sintered and compressed samples was measured by the Archimedes principle. During hot deformation, the microstructure of the sample was observed. The results show that the average relative density of the samples was 90.2% after SPS. And the relative density was about 98% after the hot deformation of 70%. Under high temperature (>950°C), the sensitivity of flow stress to temperature was reduced. At low strain rate (0.001 s−1), the increase in the deformation temperature promoted the growth of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). At the same temperature, the increase in strain rate slowed down the growth of DRX grains. And the variation tendency was shown from the basket-weave structure to the Widmanstätten structure at a low strain rate (<0.1 s−1), with increase in the strain rate.
Simultaneously identifying the thermal conductivity and radiative coefficient in heat equation from Dirichlet and Neumann boundary measured outputs
Authors: Hasanov Alemdar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with an inverse coefficient problem of simultaneously identifying the thermal conductivity

k
⁢

(
x
)

k(x)

and radiative coefficient

q
⁢

(
x
)

q(x)

in the 1D heat equation

u
t

=

(

k
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u
x

)

x

-

q
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

u_{t}=(k(x)u_{x})_{x}-q(x)u

from the most available Dirichlet and Neumann boundary measured outputs.
The Neumann-to-Dirichlet and Neumann-to-Neumann operators

Φ
⁢

[
k
,
q
]

⁢

(
t
)

:=

u
⁢

(
ℓ
,
t
;
k
,
q
)

\Phi[k,q](t):=u(\ell,t;k,q)

,

Ψ
⁢

[
k
,
q
]

⁢

(
t
)

:=

-

k
⁢

(
0
)

⁢

u
x

⁢

(
0
,
t
;
k
,
q
)

\Psi[k,q](t):=-k(0)u_{x}(0,t;k,q)

are introduced, and main properties of these operators are derived.
Then the Tikhonov functional

J
⁢

(
k
,
q
)

=

1
2

⁢

∥

Φ
⁢

[
k
,
q
]

-
ν

∥

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
)

2

+

1
2

⁢

∥

Ψ
⁢

[
k
,
q
]

-
φ

∥

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
)

2

J(k,q)=\tfrac{1}{2}\lVert\Phi[k,q]-\nu\rVert^{2}_{L^{2}(0,T)}+\tfrac{1}{2}\lVert\Psi[k,q]-\varphi\rVert^{2}_{L^{2}(0,T)}

of two functions

k
⁢

(
x
)

k(x)

and

q
⁢

(
x
)

q(x)

is introduced, and an existence of a quasi-solution of the inverse coefficient problem is proved.
An explicit formula for the Fréchet gradient of the Tikhonov functional is derived through the weak solutions of two appropriate adjoint problems.
Crystal structure of chlorido-(η
5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)-(4-chloro-4-pyridyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ2N,N′) rhodium(III) hexaflourophosphate, C31H29Cl2F6N3PRh
Authors: Gichumbi Joel M. , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Friedrich Holger B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
C31H29Cl2F6N3PRh, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.4069(7) Å, b = 13.245(1) Å, c = 32.141(3) Å, β = 93.924(2)°, V = 3145.8(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0386, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0962, T = 123.15 K.
Facile growth of aluminum oxide thin film by chemical liquid deposition and its application in devices
Authors: Li Dianlun , Ruan Lu , Sun Jie , Wu Chaoxing , Yan Ziwen , Lin Jintang , Yan Qun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Uniform and continuous Al2O3 thin films were prepared by the chemical liquid deposition (CLD) method. The breakdown field strength of the amorphous CLD-Al2O3 film is 1.74 MV/cm, making it could be used as a candidate dielectric film for electronic devices. It was further proposed to use the CLD-Al2O3 film as an electron blocking layer in a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for output performances enhancement. Output voltages and currents of about 200 V and 9 µA were obtained, respectively, which were 2.6 times and 3 times, respectively, higher than TENG device without an Al2O3. A colloidal condensation-based procedure controlled by adjusting the pH value of the solution was proposed to be the mechanism of CLD, which was confirmed by the Tyndall effect observed in the growth liquid. The results indicated that the CLD could serve as a low-cost, room temperature, nontoxic and facile new method for the growth of functional thin films for semiconductor device applications.
Impact of Domestic and Transboundary Conflicts on Militarization
Authors: Abbas Hafiz Syed Mohsin , Xu Xiaodong , Sun Chunxia , Ullah Saif , Raza Muhammad Ahsan Ali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Security issues are the global concern nowadays, which triggers government spending on military equipment and supply chain. This paper analyzes the global perspective of cohesion indicators on Militarization by using 177 countries panel data from the Years 2011-2018 based on middle/lower and high-income groups. By applied OLS and Fixed Effect modelling, we explored the idea that Group Grievance and Population Growth Rate have a significant impact on Militarization in both income groups worldwide. However, middle/lower income group’s Militarization is more fragile than high-income groups due to state cohesion. It further analyses that Security Apparatus and Fractionalization Elite are significant in Middle/ lower-income countries and have an insignificant impact on Militarization in high-income countries. In the end, the study suggested that the United Nations must keenly observe the militarization trends of the less fragile states by considering global peace concerns and should play its role to resolve the bilateral conflicts in the region to maintain world peace environment.
Conocimiento cultural como base para la construcción de identidad nacional. Un análisis del discurso de la prensa sobre el default de 2014 en Argentina
Authors: Mwangi Simone 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEconomic and political crisis situations are interpreted differently in different societies and cultures. What is perceived as a major threat in one society can be experienced as an everyday occurrence in other societies. This shows that crises are not issues that exist independently of people, but that they are to a large extent the result of social interpretations. An example of how a community interprets events as a surmountable challenge, rather than a crisis, is Argentina’s public discourse on the 2014 default. Instead of a discourse that concentrates on economic, political and social problems, the event provoked a political discourse on national identity. The present paper uses the methods of descriptive discourse analysis to study this solution-driven way of handling crisis events. The investigation focuses on the cultural knowledge and discourse traditions used in Argentina to interpret the country’s situation in the summer of 2014. The study analyzes how these cultural and linguistic resources contribute to coping with the situation of default while strengthening national identity.
BDMC protects AD in vitro via AMPK and SIRT1
Authors: Xu Chenlin , Xiao Zijian , Wu Heng , Zhou Guijuan , He Duanqun , Chang Yunqian , Li Yihui , Wang Gang , Xie Ming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder without any satisfactory therapeutic approaches. AD is mainly characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and extensive neuronal cell death. Curcumin, with anti-oxidative stress (OS) and cell apoptosis properties, plays essential roles in AD. However, whether bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a derivative of curcumin, can exert a neuroprotective effect in AD remains to be elucidated.

Methods
In this study, SK-N-SH cells were used to establish an in vitro model to investigate the effects of BDMC on the Aβ1–42-induced neurotoxicity. SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with BDMC and with or without compound C and EX527 for 30 min after co-incubation with rotenone for 24 h. Subsequently, western blotting, cell viability assay and SOD and GSH activity measurement were performed.

Results
BDMC increased the cell survival, anti-OS ability, AMPK phosphorylation levels and SIRT1 in SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42. However, after treatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and EX527, an SIRT1inhibitor, the neuroprotective roles of BDMC on SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42 were inhibited.

Conclusion
These results suggest that BDMC exerts a neuroprotective role on SK-N-SH cells in vitro via AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, laying the foundation for the application of BDMC in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to AMPK/SIRT1 signaling.
Foam Rolling Prescription: A Clinical Commentary
Authors: Behm David G. , Alizadeh Shahab , Hadjizadeh Anvar Saman , Mahmoud Mohamed Mamdouh Ibrahim , Ramsay Emma , Hanlon Courtney , Cheatham Scott 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Behm, DG, Alizadeh, S, Hadjizadeh Anvar, S, Mahmoud, MMI, Ramsay, E, Hanlon, C, and Cheatham, S. Foam rolling prescription: a clinical commentary. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3301–3308, 2020—Although the foam rolling and roller massage literature generally reports acute increases in range of motion (ROM) with either trivial or small performance improvements, there is little information regarding appropriate rolling prescription. The objective of this literature review was to appraise the evidence and provide the best prescriptive recommendations for rolling to improve ROM and performance. The recommendations represent studies with the greatest magnitude effect size increases in ROM and performance. A systematic search of the rolling-related literature found in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted using related terms such as foam rolling, roller massage, ROM, flexibility, performance, and others. From the measures within articles that monitored ROM (25), strength (41), jump (41), fatigue (67), and sprint (62) variables; regression correlations and predictive quadratic equations were formulated for number of rolling sets, repetition frequency, set duration, and rolling intensity. The analysis revealed the following conclusions. To achieve the greatest ROM, the regression equations predicted rolling prescriptions involving 1–3 sets of 2–4-second repetition duration (time for a single roll in one direction over the length of a body part) with a total rolling duration of 30–120-second per set. Based on the fewer performance measures, there were generally trivial to small magnitude decreases in strength and jump measures. In addition, there was insufficient evidence to generalize on the effects of rolling on fatigue and sprint measures. In summary, relatively small volumes of rolling can improve ROM with generally trivial to small effects on strength and jump performance.
Application of a Numerical Procedure to Creep Crack Growth from Displacement Measurements in IN100
Authors: Hinnerichs T. , Palazotto A. , Nicholas T. 
Published: September 2020

A hybrid experimental-numerical procedure was applied to creep crack growth studies to determine growth rates in IN100 at 732°C. The procedure uses high-precision displacement data together with a finite-clement model of the test specimen, which incorporates a realistic constitutive model of the material behavior. Primary and secondary creep as well as plasticity effects are accurately represented. The differences between experimentally measured displacements and those calculated from the analytical model were attributed to crack growth.
Numerical procedures were developed for tracking experimental displacement values and releasing nodes in the finite-clement model to account for crack growth. Numerical results for crack growth rates correlated well with measurements of crack extension from the fracture surfaces as well as with extrapolated values of growth rate from previous investigations.
Evaluation of J* Parameter for Creep Crack Growth in Type 316 Stainless Steel
Authors: Sadananda K. , Shahinian P. 
Published: September 2020

The fracture mechanics approach to creep crack growth in Type 316 stainless steel at 593°C has been studied using compact tension and center-notched specimens. Crack growth rates were analyzed using the stress-intensity parameter K and strain energy rate parameter J*-integral to evaluate which of the two parameters correlates the growth rates better. The J* values were determined both by an elaborate data reduction scheme and by an analytical estimation procedure.
In terms of K the crack growth rates for the two specimen geometries form two distinct nonoverlapping bands indicating that K is not a valid parameter to characterize creep crack growth in this steel. In contrast, in terms of J* parameter, the growth rates overlap over a range of the parameter although there is considerable spread in the data. In spite of this spread, the J* parameter still is better than K to characterize the growth. The extent of the data spread in terms of J* is much larger than that observed at 650°C by other investigators. This larger spread at the lower temperature is attributed to the crack growth behavior, particularly to the formation of fissures at the crack tip, the nature and distribution of which varies with load.
Review and Applications of the Electric Potential Method for Measuring Crack Growth in Specimens, Flawed Pipes, and Pressure Vessels
Authors: Wilkowski G. M. , Maxey W. A. 
Published: September 2020

A review of past applications has shown the direct-current electric potential (d-c EP) technique has been applied successfully to fatigue, high-temperature creep, stress-corrosion cracking, dynamic crack growth, stable ductile crack growth under monotonic loading, etc. The work presented herein shows that the d-c EP versus crack-mouth opening displacement record can be used to determine crack initiation under monotonic or sustained loading. This data recording technique differentiates plasticity effects on the electric potential from crack growth, hence, also allowing for a single specimen J1c method.
For studying the fracture behavior in piping or pressure vessels under monotonic or sustained loading, the d-c EP crack-mouth opening technique for defining crack initiation has been found successful. Several examples for through-wall and surface circumferential cracks are illustrated, as well as axial surface cracks. For surface cracks with aspect ratios less than 0.15 it was found also that the d-c EP signal could be used to monitor the entire shape of the surface flaw.
Studies of Diffused Crack-Tip Singularity—Experimental Simulation
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Saad N. 
Published: September 2020

Studies of dynamic crack propagation and arrest in pressure vessel grade steels such as A533B and A36 indicate the development of unbroken ligaments behind the crack tip. The development of these unbroken ligaments suggests that the degree of singularity may be changed since the leading edge of the crack is no longer a well-defined line, and that examination of analysis methods may be needed.
In order to examine the influence of a diffused crack tip on the stress distribution around the crack tip and on crack behavior, a photoelastic model specimen was developed by bonding two halves of a crack-line-wedge-loaded (CLWL) specimen with a mica-impregnated adhesive. Under the application of load, interlamella debonding of the mica occurred. Islands of adhesive surrounded by the delaminated mica flakes simulated the unbroken ligaments.
The static and dynamic isochromatic fringe patterns surrounding a crack tip were photographed. Crack opening displacement measurements at two locations specified by ASTM Recommended Practice for R-Curve Determination (E 561-81) were made to assess the effective crack length. A comparison of the effective crack tip position with the isochromatic fringe patterns and fracture surface appearance was made.
Aportes de género a la salud sexual y reproductiva
Authors: Ragúz María 
Published: September 2020

Este artículo trata sobre una investigación de significados relativos al Género -¿qué es el Hombre, la Masculinidad, la Mujer, la Femeneidad?- en parte de una muestra accidental de niños, jóvenes, adultos y ancianos de diversos grupos sociales de nivel socioeconómico bajo en Lima, Perú. Mediante análisis de contenido de entrevistas en profundidad se analizan las respuestas, arribándose, entre otras conclusiones, a que en este grupo no se diferencia sexo biológico de género. Se interpretan los resultados en términos de las implicancias que estas conceptualizaciones del género tienen para las campañas de salud sexual y reproductiva como la educación en sexualidad, la planificación familiar, los talleres de "empowerment" ("enpoderamiento") y asertividad para mujeres y de conciencia de masculinidad para varones, o las intervenciones en violencia doméstica y abuso sexual. Se destaca la necesidad de trascender los roles sexuales o genéricos, que sustentan relaciones de inequidad y poder en la sociedad peruana.
Team Approach: Oncologic Sacrectomy
Authors: Rose Peter S. , Houdek Matthew T. 
Published: September 2020

» Oncologic sacrectomy is used in the curative treatment of patients with primary sacral malignancies or select locally invasive visceral malignancies.» A systematic surgical approach involves preoperative imaging, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary surgical execution.» Close collaboration with pediatric, medical, and radiation oncology colleagues is often necessary to individualize treatment plans.
Burden of stillbirths and associated factors in Yirgalem Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: a facility based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mengesha Sintayehu , Dangisso Mesay Hailu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Stillbirth is an adverse pregnancy outcome of public health importance causing considerable psychosocial burden on parents and their family. Studies on stillbirth are scarce in southern Ethiopia. An assessment of stillbirths and associated factors in health care settings helps in devising strategies for tailored interventions. Therefore, we assessed the burden of stillbirths and associated factors in Yirgalem Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 August 2015 and 30 July 2016. We randomly selected medical records of pregnant women from a hospital delivery registry. Bivariate analysis was employed to assess the association between independent and dependent variables using chi-square with significant p-value. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for stillbirths and to control for confounding variables.Results: Of 374 reviewed records of pregnant women, 370 were included for the study. The magnitude of stillbirths was 92 per 1000 births. Fifteen (44.1%) of fetal deaths occurred after admission to the hospital. In multivariate logistic regression, stillbirths were higher among low birth-weight babies (<2500grams) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 10.70, 95% CI 3.18-35.97) than normal birth-weight babies (2500-<4000). Pregnant women who experienced a prolonged labour for more than 48 hours were 12 times (AOR: 12.15, 95% CI 1.76-84.12) more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women without a prolonged labour. Pregnant women with obstetric complications were 19.8 times more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women without obstetric complications. Similarly, pregnant women with at least two pregnancies were more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women with less than two pregnancies (AOR: 4.39, 95% CI 1.21-15.85).Conclusion: We found a high burden of stillbirths in the study setting. Modifiable risk factors contributed to a higher risk of stillbirths; therefore, tailored interventions such as early identification and management of prolonged labour and obstetric complication at each level of health system could avert preventable stillbirths.
Genome-wide identification of the 14-3-3 gene family and its participation in floral transition by interacting with TFL1/FT in Apple
Authors: Zuo Xiya , Wang Shixiang , Xiang Wen , Yang Huiru , Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Zhen Shangong , An Na , Han Mingyu , Zhao Caiping , Zhang Dong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most popular cultivated fruit crops in China. Apple floral transition is an important process but liable to be affected by various environmental factors. The 14-3-3 proteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants, and some 14-3-3 members play vital roles in flowering. However, little information was available about the 14-3-3 members in apple.Results: In the current study, we identified eighteen 14-3-3 gene family members from the apple genome database, designated MdGF14a to MdGF14r. The isoforms possess a conserved core region comprising nine antiparallel α-helices and divergent N and C termini. According to their structural and phylogenetic features, Md14-3-3 proteins could be classified into two major evolutionary branches, the epsilon (ɛ) group and the non-epsilon (non-ɛ) group. Moreover, expression profiles derived from transcriptome data and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis showed diverse expression patterns of Md14-3-3 genes in various tissues and in response to different sugars and hormone treatments during the floral transition phase. Four Md14‑3-3 isoforms (MdGF14a, MdGF14d, MdGF14i, and MdGF14j) exhibiting prominent transcriptional responses to sugars and hormones were selected for further investigation. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments showed that the four Md14-3-3 proteins interact with key floral integrators, MdTFL1 (TERMINAL FLOWER1) and MdFT (FLOWERING LOCUS T). Subcellular localization of four selected Md14-3-3 proteins demonstrated their localization in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.Conclusion: We identified the Md14-3-3s family in apple comprehensively. Certain Md14-3-3 genes are expressed predominantly during the apple floral transition stage, and may participate in the regulation of flowering through association with flower control genes. Our results provide a preliminary framework for further investigation into the roles of Md14-3-3s in floral transition.