bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of universal varicella vaccination among Swiss pediatricians and general practitioners who treat pediatric patients
Authors: Lienert Florian , Weiss Olivia , Schmitt Kathrin , Heininger Ulrich , Guggisberg Patrik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Over the last two decades, several countries have initiated universal varicella vaccination (UVV) programs in infants. In 2019, the Swiss National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) decided to start evaluating the introduction of universal varicella vaccination. There is a theoretical concern that suboptimal vaccination coverage could lead to a shift in the varicella incidence to older age groups, thereby potentially increasing complication rates. To achieve a high vaccination coverage rate, it is important that practicing physicians comply with a potential recommendation for UVV.
We studied the perception of varicella and the current vaccination behavior among Swiss pediatricians and general practitioners (GPs) who treat children. We also assessed their intention to advise parents to vaccinate their children against varicella in the event the Swiss NITAG will recommend UVV.

Methods
Primary data was collected through a structured, 20-min online survey with Swiss pediatricians and GPs who treat children.

Results
150 physicians participated in the study: 40 GPs in the German-speaking part, 20 GPs in the French-speaking part, 67 pediatricians in the German-speaking part, and 23 pediatricians in the French-speaking part.
The majority (64%) of all participants reported that they currently recommend varicella vaccination for risk groups according to the national immunization plan. About one third of physicians (35%) – predominantly pediatricians – currently already recommend it for all infants. In these situations, a measles, mumps, rubella, varicella combination vaccine is currently used by 58% for the first dose and by 59% for the second dose.
86% of participants stated that they would advise parents to have their children vaccinated against varicella in case of a recommendation for UVV by the Swiss NITAG. 68% responded that they expect many questions from parents and 65% agreed that they have good arguments to convey the importance of varicella vaccination.

Conclusions
The survey study results show that most participating pediatricians and GPs indicated a favorable attitude towards childhood vaccination against varicella in the setting of a Swiss NITAG recommendation for UVV. This data shows the importance of NITAG recommendations in influencing vaccine education and supporting achievement of high coverage of varicella vaccination.
Etiology of diarrhea by multiplex polymerase chain reaction among young children in the United Arab Emirates: a case-control study
Authors: Alsuwaidi Ahmed R. , Al Dhaheri Klaithem , Al Hamad Sania , George Junu , Ibrahim Judy , Ghatasheh Ghassan , Issa Mohammed , Al-Hammadi Suleiman , Narchi Hassib 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the etiology of childhood diarrhea in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) especially after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. This study aimed to identify gastrointestinal pathogens in children with diarrhea (cases) and the carriage rate of these pathogens in asymptomatic children (controls).MethodsStool samples were collected from 203 cases and 73 controls who presented to two major hospitals in Al Ain city, UAE. Samples were analyzed with Allplex™ Gastrointestinal Full Panel Assay for common entero-pathogens. The association between diarrhea and the isolated pathogens was calculated in a multivariate logistic regression model. The adjusted attributable fractions (aAFs) were calculated for all pathogens significantly associated with cases.ResultsAt least one pathogen was identified in 87 samples (42.8%) from cases and 17 (23.3%) from controls (P < 0.001). Rotavirus, norovirus GII and adenovirus were significantly more prevalent in cases. Their aAFs with 95% ci are 0.95 (0.64, 1.00) for rotavirus, 0.86 (0.38, 0.97) for norovirus GII and 0.84 (0.29, 0.96) for adenovirus. None of the 13 bacteria tested for were more commonly found in the cases than in controls. Cryptosporidium spp. were more significantly detected in cases than in controls. Co-infections occurred in 27.9% of the children. Viruses and parasites were significantly more likely to occur together only in the cases.ConclusionsMultiplex PCR revealed high positivity rates in both cases and controls which demand a cautious interpretation. Rotavirus remains the main childhood diarrhea pathogen in UAE. Effective strategies are needed to better control rotavirus and other causative pathogens.
Enterobacter cloacae infection of the shoulder in a 52-year-old woman without apparent predisposing risk factor: a case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Jingjie , Xu Qiliang , Liu Fuyifei , Xiong Hao , Yang Junxing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) is one of the commensal flora in the human intestinal tract and a prevalent nosocomial pathogen, which rarely causes infectious osteoarthritis in immunocompetent patients without recent trauma or surgery. Here, we report the first case of septic monoarthritis of the shoulder caused by E. cloacae in an immunocompetent patient.

Case presentation
A 52-year-old female with a 6-year history of right shoulder pain was referred to our emergency department due to fever, acute severe shoulder pain, and swelling. Blood test showed elevated inflammatory markers. The patient denied any recent invasive surgical procedure and trauma. She was misdiagnosed with a frozen shoulder, and the anti-inflammatory painkiller celecoxib for symptomatic treatment was ineffective. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a shoulder joint abscess and supraspinatus tendon tear. The joint aspirate culture showed E. cloacae. After late diagnosis, she was treated with levofloxacin and underwent surgical debridement and irrigation. Her follow-up data revealed that she did not suffer from shoulder swelling and severe pain.

Conclusion
This is a rare case of E. cloacae infected arthritis of the shoulder in an immunocompetent patient with a rotator cuff tear, indicating that even if the symptoms and age of the patients match the characteristics of frozen shoulder, the possibility of septic arthritis should be considered in the presence of fever and increasing inflammatory markers. The cases of our literature review suggest that the patients subjected to invasive procedure may develop a subsequent E. cloacae osteoarticular infection, regardless of being asymptomatic after the procedure.
User of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin II receptor blocker might be associated with vascular calcification in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients: a retrospective single-center observational study
Authors: Takaori Kaori , Iwatani Hirotsugu , Yamato Masafumi , Ito Takahito 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Vascular calcification is a prominent feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus. A recent report suggests that angiotensin II is protective to vascular calcification. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between vascular calcification and use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and/or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) from a cross-sectional view.

Methods
A total of 121 predialysis CKD patients (age 71 ± 12 y; male 72; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 20.2 (11.8 - 40.3) mL/min/1.73 m2) who underwent thoracoabdominal plain computed tomography scan were included in this study. The total vascular calcification volume (Calc) was calculated with a three-dimensional imaging software and standardized by body surface area (BSA). The relevance between log [Calc/BSA] and ACEI/ARB use was investigated by multivariate linear regression analyses with or without a time-duration factor of ACEI/ARB use.

Results
The Calc/BSA was 5.62 (2.01 - 12.7) mL/m2 in 121 patients. In multivariate analyses adjusted with age, sex, ACEI/ARB and log [eGFR], ACEI/ARB use is significantly and positively associated with log [Calc/BSA] (β = 0.2781, p = 0.0007). Even after the adjustment by age, sex, log [eGFR], phosphate, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, warfarin, hypertension, dyslipidemia, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diuretics and ACEI/ARB, ACEI/ARB use is significantly and positively associated with log [Calc/BSA] (β = 0.1677, p = 0.0487). When 90 patients whose time-duration of ACEI/ARB use was clear in medical records were studied, a multivariate analysis adjusted with age, sex, log [eGFR], and ACEI/ARB duration factors showed that the longer use of ACEI/ARB more than 2 years was significantly, independently and positively associated with log [Calc/BSA] (β = 0.2864, p = 0.0060).

Conclusions
ACEI/ARB user was associated with vascular calcification in predialysis patients with low eGFR. Prospective studies with larger numbers of patients or more in vitro studies are needed to confirm whether this phenomenon is due to the use of ACEI/ARB itself, the underlying disease condition or the prescription bias.
Prevalence, risk factors and impact on outcomes of 30-day unexpected rehospitalization in incident peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Li Jianbo , Yu Jing , Huang Naya , Ye Hongjian , Wang Dan , Peng Yuan , Guo Xiaobo , Yi Chunyan , Yang Xiao , Yu Xueqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Rehospitalization is a major problem for end stage renal disease (ESRD) populations. However, researches on 30-day unexpected rehospitalzation of incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and impact on outcomes of 30-day unexpected rehospitalization in incident PD patients.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients who accepted PD catheter implantation in our centre from Jan 1, 2006 to Dec 31, 2013 and regular follow-up were included. The demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, and rehospitalization data were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and technical failure.

Results
Totally 1632 patients (46.9 ± 15.3 years old, 60.1% male, 25.6% with diabetes) were included. Among them, 149 (9.1%) had a 30-day unexpected rehospitalization after discharge. PD-related peritonitis (n = 48, 32.2%), catheter malfunction (n = 30, 20.1%) and severe fluid overload (n = 19, 12.8%) were the top three causes for the rehospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that length of index hospital stays [Odds ratio (OR) =1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.03, P = 0.036) and hyponatremia (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.06–3.24, P = 0.031) were independently associated with the rehospitalization. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that 30-day rehospitalization was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality [Hazard ratio (HR) =1.52, 95% CI 1.07–2.16, P = 0.019) and CVD mortality (HR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.03–2.90, P = 0.038).

Conclusions
The prevalence of 30-day unexpected rehospitalization for incident PD patients in our centre was 9.1%. The top three causes for the rehospitalization were PD-related peritonitis, catheter malfunction and severe fluid overload. Thirty-day unexpected rehospitalization increased the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality for PD patients.
Immunohistochemical study for the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, and FGF23 and ACE2 in P. gingivalis LPS-induced diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Kajiwara Koichiro , Sawa Yoshihiko , Fujita Takahiro , Tamaoki Sachio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
The present study aims to examine the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and renal metabolic factors in diabetic mouse kidneys with periodontal pathogen Pg-LPS-induced nephropathy.

Background
We recently reported that the glomerular endothelium expresses toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in diabetic environments and TLR2/4 ligand Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis lipopolysaccharides (Pg-LPS) induce nephropathy in diabetic mice. It is thought that Pg-LPS promotes the chronic inflammation with the overexpression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and renal-specific metabolic enzymes by the recognition of Pg-LPS via TLR in the diabetic kidneys. There have been no reports of the effects of periodontopathic bacteria on the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and the accumulation of physiologically active substances in the kidney.

Methods
The immunohistochemical investigation was performed on diabetic mouse kidney with Pg-LPS-induced nephropathy with glomerulosclerosis in glomeruli.

Results
There were no vessels which expressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ICR mice (STZ-ICR), or in healthy ICR mice administered Pg-LPS (LPS-ICR). However, in diabetic ICR mouse kidneys with Pg-LPS-induced nephropathy (LPS-STZ) the expression of VCAM-1 and the accumulation of FGF23 were observed in renal tubules and glomeruli, and the expression of E-selectin was observed in renal parenchyma and glomeruli. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was detected in the proximal tubules but not in other regions of ICR, STZ-ICR, or LPS-ICR. In LPS-STZ ACE2 was detected both in renal tubules as well as in glomeruli. The Mac-1 and podoplanin-positive cells increased in the renal parenchyma with diabetic condition and there was the distribution of a large number of Mac-1-positive cells in LPS-STZ.

Conclusions
The Pg-LPS may induce diabetic renal inflammation such as glomerulosclerosis and tubulitis with infiltration of Mac-1/podoplanin positive macrophages via glomerular overexpression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin, resulting in accumulation of both ACE2 and FGF23 which were unmetabolized with the inflammation-induced kidney damage under the diabetic condition. Periodontitis may be a critical factor in the progress of nephropathy in diabetic patients.
Paternal factors and adverse birth outcomes in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Li Jing , Qiu Jie , Lv Ling , Mao Baohong , Huang Lei , Yang Tao , Wang Cheng , Liu Qing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Many maternal factors are known to be associated with adverse birth outcomes, but studies about paternal factors yielded inconsistent conclusions. The study was to assess whether paternal factors are associated with low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA).

Methods
A birth cohort study was conducted in 2010–2012 at the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, the largest maternity and childcare hospital in Lanzhou, China. Paternal age, ethnicity, educational level, height, weight, smoking, and drinking were collected. Birth outcomes and pregnancy complications were extracted from the medical records.

Results
During the study period, 10,121 participants were included; the overall prevalence of LBW, PTB, and SGA was 7.2, 9.9, and 7.8%, respectively. Paternal higher height (OR = 0.64 95%CI: 0.49, 0.83), higher weight (P for trend < 0.001), and higher BMI (P for trend < 0.001) could decrease the rate of LBW. Paternal higher education (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.71) and higher weight (P for trend < 0.001,) were associated with lower rate of PTB. Fathers who smoked more than 6 pack-years were associated with PTB (OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.61). Paternal BMI > 23.9 kg/m2 (P for trend < 0.001,) and paternal education which above college (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.50, 0.82) were associated with a lower rate of SGA.

Conclusion
Paternal low education is independently associated with PTB and SGA. Paternal heavy smoking is associated with PTB. Low paternal weight/BMI is independently associated with LBW, PTB, and SGA.
Appraisal of systematic reviews on interventions for postpartum depression: systematic review
Authors: Chow Ryan , Huang Eileen , Li Allen , Li Sophie , Fu Sarah Y. , Son Jin S. , Foster Warren G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a highly prevalent mental health problem that affects parental health with implications for child health in infancy, childhood, adolescence and beyond. The primary aim of this study was to critically appraise available systematic reviews describing interventions for PPD. The secondary aim was to evaluate the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews and their conclusions.MethodsAn electronic database search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 2000 to 2020 was conducted to identify systematic reviews that examined an intervention for PPD.A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviewswas utilized to independently score each included systematic review which was then critically appraised to better define the most effective therapeutic options for PPD.ResultsOf the 842 studies identified, 83 met the a priori criteria for inclusion. Based on the systematic reviews with the highest methodological quality, we found that use of antidepressants and telemedicine were the most effective treatments for PPD. Symptoms of PPD were also improved by traditional herbal medicine and aromatherapy. Current evidence for physical exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy in treating PPD remains equivocal. A significant, but weak relationship between AMSTAR score and journal impact factor was observed (p = 0.03, r = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.43) whilst no relationship was found between the number of total citations (p = 0.27, r = 0.12; 95% CI, − 0.09 to 0.34), or source of funding (p = 0.19).ConclusionOverall the systematic reviews on interventions for PPD are of low-moderate quality and are not improving over time. Antidepressants and telemedicine were the most effective therapeutic interventions for PPD treatment.
Individual and community level factors associated with delayed first postnatal care attendance among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia
Authors: Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Yeshaw Yigizie , Tesema Ayenew Kassie , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Postnatal care (PNC) visits provide a huge benefit for ensuring appropriate breastfeeding practices, to monitor the overall health status of the newborn, to timely diagnose and intervene birth-related complications, and to plan future family planning options. Despite delayed PNC attendance have a great impact on the survival of the mother and the newborn it still receives less emphasis. As a result, most mothers do not receive PNC services early. We, therefore, aimed to determine individual and community level factors associated with delayed first Postnatal Care attendance among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia.

Methods
We used the most recent Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2016) data to determine associated factors of delayed first PNC in Ethiopia. A weighted sample of 4308 women with a live birth in the two years preceding the survey was included. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Variables with p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis were declared significantly associated with delayed first PNC attendance.

Results
In this study, both individual level and community level factors were associated with delayed PNC attendance. Among the individual level factors: having four or more antenatal care visit [Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.92], delivery at a health facility [AOR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.05], and perceiving distance from the health facility as not a big problem [AOR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.91] were associated with lower odds of delayed first PNC attendance. Of community level factors: being in Oromia [AOR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.38, 3.83] and Gambela [AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.13, 3.56] regions were associated higher odds of delayed first PNC attendance.

Conclusions
Both individual level and community level factors were found to be associated with delayed PNC attendance. Strengthening antenatal care utilization, institutional delivery, and appropriate distributions of maternal health services in each region and areas far apart from the health facility are recommended.
Why do pregnant women prefer cesarean birth? A qualitative study in a tertiary care center in Southern Thailand
Authors: Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Chunuan Sopen , Matemanosak Phawat , Pinjaroen Sutham 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Increasing worldwide rates of cesarean section are of global concern. In recent years, cesarean births upon maternal request have become a hotly debated issue. Hence, this study aimed to explore maternal reasons for cesarean preference without medical indications.

Methods
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted, using in-depth interviews with 27 pregnant women who preferred cesarean birth, attending antenatal care in Songklanagarind Hospital from September 2018 to June 2019. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results
Maternal reasons for cesarean preference were classified into six main categories: fear of childbirth, safety concerns related to health risk perceptions, negative previous birth experiences, positive attitudes toward cesarean birth, access to biased information and superstitious beliefs in auspicious birth dates. Most women had more than one reason for opting cesarean birth.

Conclusion
Several reasons for cesarean birth preference have been elucidated. One striking reason was superstitious beliefs in auspicious birth dates, which are challengable for obstetricians to deal with. Obstetricians should explore the exact reasons why women request cesarean birth in order to prevent or diminish unnecessary cesarean births.
Construction of a nine DNA repair-related gene prognostic classifier to predict prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jinhui , Jiang Pinping , Chen Xucheng , Shen Yujie , Cui Guoliang , Ma Ziyan , Zhao Shaojie , Zhang Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms and the prognostic prediction for EC patients remain unclear.MethodsIn the current study, we performed an in-depth analysis of over 500 patients which were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The bioinformatics analysis included gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Cox and lasso regression analyses to ensure overall survival (OS)-related genes, moreover, to construct a prognostic model and a nomogram for EC patients.ResultsGSEA identified 4 gene sets significantly associated with EC, which are DNA repair, unfolded protein response, reactive oxygen species pathway and UV response up. Twenty-five OS-related DNA repair genes were screened out, after that, a 9-mRNA signature was constructed to measure the risk scores of patients with different outcomes. In addition, a nomogram contained the 9-mRNA model and clinical parameters was also presented to assess the prognosis. Patients with low risk were more likely to have sensitivity to paclitaxel, vinblastine, rapamycin, metformin, imatinib, Akt inhibitor and lapatinib.ConclusionsThe identified highly enriched gene sets may offer a novel insight into the tumorigenesis and treatment of EC. Additionally, the constructed 9-mRNA model and the nomogram have prominent clinical implications for prognosis evaluation and specific therapy guidance for EC patients.