bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASTEROID stereotest v1.0: lower stereo thresholds using smaller, denser and faster dots
Authors: Read Jenny C A , Wong Zhen Yi , Yek Xinye , Wong Ying Xin , Bachtoula Omar , Llamas‐Cornejo Ichasus , Serrano‐Pedraza Ignacio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeIn 2019, we described ASTEROID, a new stereotest run on a 3D tablet computer which involves a four‐alternative disparity detection task on a dynamic random‐dot stereogram. Stereo thresholds measured with ASTEROID were well correlated with, but systematically higher than (by a factor of around 1.5), thresholds measured with previous laboratory stereotests or the Randot Preschool clinical stereotest. We speculated that this might be due to the relatively large, sparse dots used in ASTEROID v0.9. Here, we introduce and test the stereo thresholds and test‐repeatability of the new ASTEROID v1.0, which uses precomputed images to allow stereograms made up of much smaller, denser dots.MethodsStereo thresholds and test/retest repeatability were tested and compared between the old and new versions of ASTEROID (n = 75) and the Randot Circles (n = 31) stereotest, in healthy young adults.ResultsThresholds on ASTEROID v1.0 are lower (better) than on ASTEROID v0.9 by a factor of 1.4, and do not differ significantly from thresholds on the Randot Circles. Thresholds were roughly log‐normally distributed with a mean of 1.54 log10 arcsec (35 arcsec) on ASTEROID v1.0 compared to 1.70 log10 arcsec (50 arcsec) on ASTEROID v0.9. The standard deviation between observers was the same for both versions, 0.32 log10 arcsec, corresponding to a factor of 2 above and below the mean. There was no difference between the versions in their test/retest repeatability, with 95% coefficient of repeatability = 0.46 log10 arcsec (a factor of 2.9 or 1.5 octaves) and a Pearson correlation of 0.8 (comparable to other clinical stereotests).ConclusionThe poorer stereo thresholds previously reported with ASTEROID v0.9 appear to have been due to the relatively large, coarse dots and low density used, rather than to some other aspect of the technology. Employing the small dots and high density used in ASTEROID v1.0, thresholds and test/retest repeatability are similar to other clinical stereotests.
Functional correlations between CXCL10/IP10 gene polymorphisms and risk of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Wen , Lu Hsing‐Fang , Chou Wan‐Hsuan , Kuo Ho‐Chang , Chang Wei‐Chiao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis syndrome with unknown pathogen. The immune system has been suggested to involve in the pathogenesis in KD. IP10 is a chemoattractant for initiating T‐cell activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of IP10 and KD.MethodsA total of 354 KD patients and 1,709 control subjects (709 subjects in cohort 1 and 1,000 subjects in cohort 2) were enrolled in this study. Four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3921, rs4256246, rs4508917, and rs4386624) were chosen for genotyping.ResultsOur results indicated that CC genotype of rs3921 and GG genotype of rs4386624 had higher frequency in KD patients compared to control. In addition, higher plasma IP10 level was observed in CC genotype of rs3921 than CG genotype and GG genotype. C/G haplotype carriers of rs3921/rs4386624 had 5.48‐fold risk for KD compared to G/C haplotype carriers. Two‐locus analysis further showed the combinatorial effects of rs3921 and rs4386624 in KD susceptibility.ConclusionsThis study indicated the close correlation between IP10 and the risk of Kawasaki disease.
Problem Uncertainty, Institutional Insularity, and Modes of Learning in Canadian Provincial Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation
Authors: Millar Heather 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study uses policy learning frameworks to explain variation in processes of hydraulic fracturing regulatory development in Canadian provinces. Using a cross‐case comparison of British Columbia and Nova Scotia, the article demonstrates that differences in problem uncertainty and institutional insularity in each province determined modes of technical, social, and political learning in each province. In British Columbia elected officials framed LNG as a safe, clean energy source generating economic benefits. These frames made it difficult for anti‐fracking advocates to increase the salience of environmental risks and scientific uncertainty. Low problem uncertainty and high institutional insularity fostered processes of technical learning within the BC Oil and Gas Commission focused on single‐issue regulations. In Nova Scotia, an external review provided an ad hoc institutional venue through which environmental advocates, residents, and experts could increase the salience of scientific uncertainty and dread environmental risks. These conditions fostered collective processes of social learning among anti‐fracking advocates and political learning among elected officials, resulting in a ban.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the visual pathway in dogs with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Authors: Graham Kathleen L. , Johnson Philippa J. , Barry Erica F. , Pérez Orrico Marisa , Soligo Domenic J. , Lawlor Mitchell , White Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe measurements of in vivo structures of the visual pathway beyond the retina and optic nerve head associated with canine primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG).MethodsA prospective pilot study was conducted using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to obtain quantitative measures of the optic nerve, chiasm, tract, and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in dogs with and without PACG. 3‐Tesla DTI was performed on six affected dogs and five breed, age‐ and sex‐matched controls. DTI indices of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, and LGN were compared between normal, unilateral PACG, and bilateral PACG groups. Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess intra‐observer reliability.ResultsQuantitative measurements of the optic nerve, optic tract, optic chiasm, and LGN were obtained in all dogs. There was a trend for reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) associated with disease for all structures assessed. Compared to the same structure in normal dogs, FA, and radial diffusivity (RD) of the optic nerve was consistently higher in the unaffected eye in dogs with unilateral PACG. Intra‐observer reliability was excellent for measurements of the optic nerve (ICC: 0.92), good for measurements of the optic tract (ICC: 0.89) and acceptable for measures of the optic chiasm (ICC: 0.71) and lateral geniculate nuclei (ICC: 0.76).ConclusionDiffusivity and anisotropy measures provide a quantifiable means to evaluate the visual pathway in dogs. DTI has potential to provide in vivo measures of axonal and myelin injury and transsynaptic degeneration in canine PACG.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: September 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 10 Alphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaDarren Pullen, University of Tasmania, AustraliaDonna Smith, The Open University, UKFroilan D. Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippineHassan Shaaban, Atomic energy Authority, EgyptHossein Chaharbashloo, Kharazmi University, IranIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilLucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMinh Duc Duong, Thai Nguyen University, VietnamMustafa Çakır, Marmara University, TurkeyRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASaadet Korucu Kis, Necmettin Erbakan University, TurkeySamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASelloane Pitikoe, University of Eswatini, EswatiniThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandVeronica Velasco Gonzalez, University of Valladolid, SpainVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Ukraine Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Breath holding as an example of extreme hypoventilation: experimental testing of a new model describing alveolar gas pathways
Authors: Taboni Anna , Fagoni Nazzareno , Fontolliet Timothée , Grasso Gabriele Simone , Moia Christian , Vinetti Giovanni , Ferretti Guido 
Published: September 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?We modelled the alveolar pathway during breath holding on the hypothesis that it follows a hypoventilation loop on the O2–CO2 diagram.
What is the main finding and its importance?Validation of the model was possible within the range of alveolar gas compositions compatible with consciousness. Within this range, the experimental data were compatible with the proposed model. The model and its characteristics might allow predictions of alveolar gas composition whenever the alveolar ventilation goes to zero; for example, static and dynamic breath holding at the surface or during ventilation/intubation failure in anaesthesia.
AbstractAccording to the hypothesis that alveolar partial pressures of O2 and CO2 during breath holding (BH) should vary following a hypoventilation loop, we modelled the alveolar gas pathways during BH on the O2–CO2 diagram and tested it experimentally during ambient air and pure oxygen breathing. In air, the model was constructed using the inspired and alveolar partial pressures of O2 (and , respectively) and CO2 ( and , respectively) and the steady‐state values of the pre‐BH respiratory exchange ratio (RER). In pure oxygen, the model respected the constraint of . To test this, 12 subjects performed several BHs of increasing duration and one maximal BH at rest and during exercise (30 W cycling supine), while breathing air or pure oxygen. We measured gas flows, and before and at the end of all BHs. Measured data were fitted through the model. In air, = 150 ± 1 mmHg and = 0.3 ± 0.0 mmHg, both at rest and at 30 W. Before BH, steady‐state RER was 0.83 ± 0.16 at rest and 0.77 ± 0.14 at 30 W; = 107 ± 7 mmHg at rest and 102 ± 8 mmHg at 30 W; and = 36 ± 4 mmHg at rest and 38 ± 3 mmHg at 30 W. By model fitting, we computed the RER during the early phase of BH: 0.10 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.08–0.12] at rest and 0.13 (95% CI = 0.11–0.15) at 30 W. In oxygen, model fitting provided : 692 (95% CI = 688–696) mmHg at rest and 693 (95% CI = 689–698) mmHg at 30 W. The experimental data are compatible with the proposed model, within its physiological range.
Transformation to plasmablastic lymphoma in CLL upon ibrutinib treatment
Authors: Marvyin Kristo , Tjønnfjord Eirik Brekka , Breland Unni Mathilde , Tjønnfjord Geir Erland 
Published: September 2020

Chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia in the Western world. Ibrutinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the treatment of choice on relapse or p53-dysfunction. Richter’s transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma is most often seen. However, transformation to other aggressive lymphomas as plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) does occur. PBL is an extremely aggressive lymphoma and is usually treated using a CHOP-like regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone/dexamethasone), but with poor outcome. The only curative treatment is allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT).We report on a case of CLL treated with ibrutinib that underwent transformation to PBL. Due to high expression of CD138, we added daratumumab to the chemotherapy with a good, but transitory response. The case did not make it to an ASCT. Targeting CD138 by daratumumab may be added to chemoimmune therapy for PBL.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of workplace-based distributed cardiopulmonary resuscitation training versus conventional annual basic life support training
Authors: Lin Yiqun , Hecker Kent , Cheng Adam , Grant Vincent J , Currie Gillian 
Published: September 2020

ContextAlthough distributed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) practice has been shown to improve learning outcomes, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of this training strategy. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of workplace-based distributed CPR practice with real-time feedback when compared with conventional annual CPR training.MethodsWe measured educational resource use, costs, and outcomes of both conventional training and distributed training groups in a prospective-randomised trial conducted with paediatric acute care providers over 12 months. Costs were calculated and reported from the perspective of the health institution. Incremental costs and effectiveness of distributed CPR training relative to conventional training were presented. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) if appropriate. One-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted.ResultsA total of 87 of 101 enrolled participants completed the training (46/53 in intervention and 41/48 in the control). Compared with conventional training, the distributed CPR training group had a higher proportion of participants achieving CPR excellence, defined as over 90% guideline compliant for chest compression depth, rate and recoil (control: 0.146 (6/41) vs intervention 0.543 (25/46), incremental effectiveness: +0.397) with decreased costs (control: $C266.50 vs intervention $C224.88 per trainee, incremental costs: −$C41.62). The sensitivity analysis showed that when the institution does not pay for the training time, distributed CPR training results in an ICER of $C147.05 per extra excellent CPR provider.ConclusionWorkplace-based distributed CPR training with real-time feedback resulted in improved CPR quality by paediatric healthcare providers and decreased training costs, when training time is paid by the institution. If the institution does not pay for training time, implementing distributed training resulted in better CPR quality and increased costs, compared with conventional training. These findings contribute further evidence to the decision-making processes as to whether institutions/programmes should financially adopt these training programmes.
Perceived barriers and primary care access experiences among immigrant Bangladeshi men in Canada
Authors: Turin Tanvir C , Rashid Ruksana , Ferdous Mahzabin , Naeem Iffat , Rumana Nahid , Rahman Afsana , Rahman Nafiza , Lasker Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the experience of male members of a rapidly grown community of Bangladeshi immigrants while accessing primary healthcare (PHC) services in Canada.DesignA qualitative research was conducted among a sample of Bangladeshi immigrant men through a community-based participatory research approach. Focus group discussions were conducted to collect the qualitative data where thematic analysis was applied.SettingThe focus group discussions were held in various community centres such as individual meeting rooms at public libraries, community halls and so on arranged in collaboration with community organisations while ensuring complete privacy.ParticipantThirty-eight adults, Bangladeshi immigrant men, living in Calgary were selected for this study and participated in six different focus groups. The sample represents mostly married, educated, Muslim, Bangla speaking, aged over 25 years, full-time or self-employed and living in an urban centre in Canada >5 years.ResultThe focus groups have highlighted long wait time as an important barrier. Long wait at the emergency room, difficulties to get access to general physicians when feeling sick, slow referral process and long wait at the clinic even after making an appointment impact their daily chores, work and access to care. Language is another important barrier that impedes effective communication between physicians and immigrant patients, thus the quality of care. Unfamiliarity with the healthcare system and lack of resources were also voiced that hinder access to healthcare for immigrant Bangladeshi men in Canada. However, no gender-specific barriers unique to men have been identified in this study.ConclusionThe barriers to accessing PHC services for Bangladeshi immigrant men are similar to that of other visible minority immigrants. It is important to recognise the extent of barriers across various immigrant groups to effectively shape public policy and improve access to PHC.
Association between a 46-SNP Polygenic Risk Score and melanoma risk in Dutch patients with familial melanoma
Authors: Potjer Thomas P , van der Grinten Tara W J , Lakeman Inge M M , Bollen Sander H , Rodríguez-Girondo Mar , Iles Mark M , Barrett Jennifer H , Kiemeney Lambertus A , Gruis Nelleke A , van Asperen Christi J , van der Stoep Nienke 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundFamilial clustering of melanoma suggests a shared genetic predisposition among family members, but only 10%–40% of familial cases carry a pathogenic variant in a known high-risk melanoma susceptibility gene. We investigated whether a melanoma-specific Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) is associated with melanoma risk in patients with genetically unexplained familial melanoma.MethodsDutch familial melanoma cases (n=418) were genotyped for 46 SNPs previously identified as independently associated with melanoma risk. The 46-SNP PRS was calculated and standardised to 3423 healthy controls (sPRS) and the association between PRS and melanoma risk was modelled using logistic regression. Within the case series, possible differences were further explored by investigating the PRS in relation to (1) the number of primary melanomas in a patient and (2) the extent of familial clustering of melanoma.ResultsThe PRS was significantly associated with melanoma risk, with a per-SD OR of 2.12 (95% CI 1.90 to 2.35, p<0.001), corresponding to a 5.70-fold increased risk (95% CI 3.93 to 8.28) when comparing the top 90th to the middle 40–60th PRS percentiles. The mean PRS was significantly higher in cases with multiple primary melanomas than in cases with a single melanoma (sPRS 1.17 vs 0.71, p=0.001). Conversely, cases from high-density melanoma families had a lower (but non-significant) mean PRS than cases from low-density families (sPRS 0.60 vs 0.94, p=0.204).ConclusionOur work underlines the significance of a PRS in determining melanoma susceptibility and encourages further exploration of the diagnostic value of a PRS in genetically unexplained melanoma families.
Higher risk of major adverse cardiac events after acute myocardial infarction in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Attar Rubina , Wester Axel , Koul Sasha , Eggert Svend , Polcwiartek Christoffer , Jernberg Tomas , Erlinge David , Andell Pontus 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are a high-risk population due to higher prevalences of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities that contribute to shorter life expectancy.PurposeTo investigate patients with and without schizophrenia experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to guideline recommended in-hospital management, discharge medications and 5-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE: composite of all-cause mortality, rehospitalisation for reinfarction, stroke or heart failure).MethodsAll patients with schizophrenia who experienced AMI during 2000–2018 were identified (n=1008) from the nationwide Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry and compared with AMI patients without schizophrenia (n=2 85 325). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox regression models were used to compare the populations.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia presented with AMI approximately 10 years earlier (median age 64 vs 73 years), and had higher prevalences of diabetes, heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They were less likely to be invasively investigated or discharged with aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers and statins (all p<0.005). AMI patients with schizophrenia had higher adjusted risk of MACE (aHR=2.05, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.58), mortality (aHR=2.38, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.09) and hospitalisation for heart failure (aHR=1.39, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.86) compared with AMI patients without schizophrenia.ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia experienced an AMI almost 10 years earlier than patients without schizophrenia. They less often underwent invasive procedures and were less likely to be treated with guideline recommended medications at discharge, and had more than doubled risk of MACE and all-cause mortality. Improved primary and secondary preventive measures, including adherence to guideline recommendations, are warranted and may improve outcome.
The cross section of $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \Lambda \overline{\Sigma }{}^0+\text {c.c.}$$ as a litmus test of isospin violation in the decays of vector charmonia into $$\Lambda \overline{\Sigma }{}^0+\text {c.c.}$$
Authors: Ferroli Rinaldo Baldini , Mangoni Alessio , Pacetti Simone 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnder the aegis of isospin conservation, the amplitudes in Born approximation, i.e., considering the only one-photon-exchange mechanism, of the decay $$\psi \rightarrow \Lambda \overline{\Sigma }{}^0+\text {c.c.}$$

ψ
→
Λ

Σ
¯

0

+
c.c.

, where $$\psi $$
ψ
is a vector charmonium, and of the reaction $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \Lambda \overline{\Sigma }{}^0+\text {c.c.}$$

e
+

e
-

→
Λ

Σ
¯

0

+
c.c.

at the $$\psi $$
ψ
mass, are parametrized by the same electromagnetic coupling. It follows that, the modulus of such a coupling can be extracted from the data on the two observables: the decay branching fraction and the annihilation cross section. By considering the first two vector charmonia, $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

and $$\psi (2S)$$

ψ
(
2
S
)

, it is found that, especially in the case of $$\psi (2S)$$

ψ
(
2
S
)

, there is a substantial discrepancy between the values of the modulus of the same electromagnetic coupling extracted from the branching ratio and the cross section. We propose, as a possible explanation for such a disagreement, the presence in the decay amplitude of isospin-violating contributions driven by two different mechanisms, that, however, appear to be more favored in the $$\psi (2S)$$

ψ
(
2
S
)

than in the $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

decays.