bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some new Linear Elamite inscriptions
Authors: Mäder Michael 
Published: December 2020

The Linear Elamite writing system was used in the late 3rd millennium in ancient Iran.The underlying language is supposed to be Elamite – an isolate language otherwise known from cuneiform sources. 40 to 60% of the Elamite words and morphemes are decoded.In early 2016, about ten new inscriptions and fragments were presented at the University of Hamedan, Iran. They are now in the Mahboubian Gallery. Some of these new texts are the longest ones ever found, depicting up to 200 signs.In the past months, the Deciphering Crew at the Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, has made drawings of the so far unpublished inscriptions and compiled a sign catalogue.Preliminary results show that fragments from Gonur and Altyn Depe formerly tagged as “Linear Elamite” do not belong to the Linear Elamite text corpus.The Deciphering Project is hoping to collaborate with scholars of different fields. The web page http://elamicon.org is an open source project.
Garments and Shrouds of Egyptian and Nubian Pilgrims from Qasr el-Yahud, Ninth Century CE
Authors: Shamir Orit 
Published: December 2020

Qasr el-Yahud, situated on the west bank of the Jordan River nearby Jericho, features the Monastery of Saint John the Baptist, believed to be the traditional site of the Baptism of Jesus1 and has a centuries-long tradition of ‘washing of the lepers’. Byzantine and Medieval authors attributed the waters of the Jordan river a special power to heal lepers who bathed in them, especially at the spot where Jesus was baptized.After the site became sacred, traditions developed that were associated with the holy features of the water and its curative properties. When the emperor Constantius became ill, he asked to bath in the Jordan. In 1983 a rescue excavation at the site revealed thirty-four skeletons, probably representing a hospital population with cases of tuberculosis, leprosy and facial disfigurement. Such individuals travelled enormous distances, attracted to the site in the hope of washing away their illness. Anthropological evidence indicates that the individuals were probably Egyptian in origin, while structural analysis of the skulls proved that some were Nubian. They were buried in a Christian manner, lying on their backs, facing the rising sun. Some of the burial customs at this site, such as placing seeds from the Egyptian Balsam tree (Balanites Aegyptiaca) in the hands of the deceased, conform to Egyptian traditions.The arid climate of the Judean Desert helped to preserve 250 textiles, among them many examples comprising two different textiles or more sewn together or patched one on another. Radiocarbon dating of the textiles placed the date in the eighth to ninth centuries (787–877 CE). The textiles are made of linen and cotton, sometimes decorated with wool tapestry, brocade and selfbands. They include many cut-to-shape tunics except one which is woven-to-shape, head coverings, bandages and shrouds. This research combines historic sources, anthropological and botanic evidence, burial practices with the textiles. The material is of great importance because it gives us idea about the burial costumes used by Christians at the late Islamic period. In addition, those are the only textiles from this period found in Israel.
A Review of Pottery Cultures in Central Anatolia during the Middle Iron Age, taking Yassıhöyük (Kırşehir) as a Case Study
Authors: Küçükarslan Nurcan 
Published: December 2020

Middle Iron Age (MIA): 9th-8th c. BC in Central Anatolia.Yassıhöyük is a mound located 160 km southeast of Ankara (Turkey), 25 km north of Kırşehir and 30 km east of Kaman-Kalehöyük.Kaman-Kalehöyük is a mound located 100 km southeast of Ankara.Region 1 (Representative Site: Gordion)Gordion was the capital city of Phrygia, 100 km southwest of Ankara.Diagnostic pottery type: monochrome grey wares.Political Entity: PhrygiaRegion 2 (Representative Site: Boğazköy)Boğazköy is a slope settlement located 208 km northeast of Ankara and 82 km southwest of Çorum.Diagnostic pottery type: painted pottery with matt dark paint, Alisar IV ceramics.Political Entity: -Region 3 (Representative Site: Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük)Porsuk is a mound located 359 km southeast of Ankara and 55 km southwest of Niğde.Diagnostic pottery type: -Political Entity: Many kingdoms under Assyrian control (Tabal Region) (More info:http://www.tayproject.org)
The Characterization of Animals in Sumerian Fables
Authors: Marcum Jill 
Published: December 2020

Although classical education is waning and general historical knowledge is at its nadir, many ancient fables are still widely known and commonly cited in spoken language. For example, Aesop’s fable The Boy Who Cried Wolf has resulted in the phrase “crying wolf,” which—even today—is a cultural shorthand for expressing the idea of raising a false alarm. The successful communication of this idea, however, rests on culture: the shared understanding of the wolf as dangerous. If we thought of wolves as we do pet dogs, the reference would be lost.Fables constitute a subgenre of ancient Near Eastern ‘wisdom literature;’ they are short narratives utilizing anthropomorphized animals to impart conventional wisdom. Like proverbs, fables “belong to the speech of everyday life” (Alster 1997). Perhaps for this reason, they were among the first compositions that young scribes learned to write in ancient Mesopotamia. Sumerian fables are attested as early as the mid-third millennium BCE. Much like written language itself, fables traffic in tradition and “habitual connection” (Peirce 1885) in order to convey their meaning. This meaning is so strong that it can be carried even via elliptical (truncated) renderings, as in the example of “crying wolf.” This shorthand is possible, in part, because animals are not just things themselves, they are loaded with symbolic meanings that are imparted in fables via their role, their actions, and the words they speak. In fables, animals are characters, and these characterizations can reveal the context and values of the culture that created them.As Falkowitz (1980) notes, consistently and extensively employed animal images can become culturally ingrained as rhetorical topoi: the fox is cunning, the bee is busy. The meaning in these images” is derived from their characteristics, which fables can uniquely elucidate for us. Through the understanding that fables provide, we can more successfully “read” both the elliptical references to animals in proverbs and in images. Moreover, understanding animals in this way can provide us a method to access the contexts and values of ancient Mesopotamians without privileging our contemporary, Western symbolic or ethical norms.I will provide an overview of the small corpus of available Sumerian fables and analysis of the roles of the animals characterized within them. These will be linked to Sumerian proverbs and compared to ancient Greek fables to form a starting point for conceptualizing fauna in the ancient world.
Tiny House, Big Labor: Estimating the labor investment in Iron Age mobile dwellings
Authors: Nelson Thaddeus 
Published: December 2020

Tents have an iconic place in anthropologists’ vision of Southwest Asia, largely through ethnographic analogy to the Bedouin black tent. Yet, tent nomadism and tent caravans emerged relatively recently during the Iron Age (c. 1200-568 BCE). Iconography, texts, and archaeology suggest that increased exploitation of tents as temporary or mobile housing would have required the use of large quantities of woven fabric. Yet, archaeologists have not considered the labor that members of the Iron Age population invested first in spinning fibers into yarn and then weaving these threads into cloth. This paper draws on published methods to estimate the labor investments required to produce the fabric structures from Iron Age Southwest Asia. The results demonstrate that although tents were well suited to mobility strategies, they were not inexpensive or disposable. Comparison to ethnographic examples from historic Southwest Asia supports the conclusion that tents were the result of large amounts of raw material and countless hours of work and coordination.
Space and Narrativity in Menna's Tomb Chapel (Theban Tomb 69)
Authors: Rogner Frederik A. 
Published: December 2020

Tackling the issue of „Space and narrativity in two-dimensional images of the Egyptian New Kingdom“, the tomb of Menna (Theban Tomb 69) will serve as an example. The tomb of Menna , who held offices in the administration of temple land and royal land, is situated in the non-royal necropolis of Sheikh Abd el-Qurna on the Theban West Bank. Based on architectural and stylistical criteria as well as prosopographical data, it has been dated to the reign of Amenhotep III. (ca. 1390–1353 B.C.).The decorated tomb chapel is the part of the monument that was open to visitors and where the rituals for the deceased were performed as opposed to the burial chambers which were not intended to be re-opened after the burial except for the burial of the spouse or children of the deceased. In most cases they are undecorated.
Identifying Intentional Ambiguity
Authors: Meshel Nephtali 
Published: December 2020

Identifying Intentional Ambiguity

It is widely acknowledged that certain genres in ancient Near Eastern literature including the Hebrew Bible are characterized by intense ambiguity. In particular, divination, Wisdom literature and erotic poetry thrive on a special type of ambiguity—“double-edged words”—in which a
single graphic or phonetic sequence is employed to convey a message and its precise opposite, at one and the same time.
However, it is often difficult to demonstrate that a specific case of “double-edged wording” is in fact intentional rather than a product of an eager reader’s over-interpretation. The proposed paper offers three criteria for identifying intentionality in the formulation of ambiguous texts, based on examples from Biblical and other ancient Near Eastern divinatory, Wisdom and poetic texts: (1) Ungrammaticality: Sometimes an author is forced to use an ungrammatical form in order to preserve two opposite meanings. This happens when smoothing the grammar would have been achieved only at the price of losing the ambiguity; (2) Multiple representation: At times the same exact ambiguity is evidenced in identical contexts, but in different words and by means of different sentence-structures (occasionally even in different languages, e.g., Hebrew and Aramaic); when it can be demonstrated that coincidence is highly unlikely, the argument for intentional crafting is strong; (3) Straussian “Art of Writing”: When the author addresses an issue that was demonstrably contentious (from the author’s perspective), potentially-subversive formulations are particularly suspect.
The intersection of two or three of these criteria in a single text strongly suggests intentionality
Papyri to the rescue: reconstructing Hellenistic male-female couple relationships through papyrological documentation
Authors: Golay Charlotte 
Published: December 2020

The relationships of ordinary male-female couples in Antiquity remain a field of research still little explored, especially regarding the study of feelings, emotions, real-life experiences, and couple dynamics through everyday life. Thus, it is essential to look into this theme, both in the Greek and Roman worlds, in a diachronic and synchronic perspective; this is the purpose of a Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) project at the University of Lausanne, entitled “Couple relationships in Antiquity”. My PhD thesis, as part of this project, intends to explore couple relationships during the Hellenistic period, in Greece, Asia Minor, and Ptolemaic Egypt, through literary, epigraphic, and papyrological documentation.
In this context, Greek papyri provide notable elements, that can complement and counteract the data issued from literary sources and inscriptions whose one of the biases is to present an idealized or incomplete vision of couples’ relationships; nevertheless, we must keep in mind that papyri suffer from their own specific biases.My aim in this paper is to show how possible it is to integrate different types of papyri – letters, marriage contracts, wills, complaints, etc – as part of a study on couples’ real-life experience, while identifying some of the key methodological aspects necessary for this type of analysis, by presenting excerpts from several documents. Furthermore, the addition of an adequate methodological canvas allows going beyond the cultural and/or typological filters and biases inherent to this type of documentation, and its inclusion in the global corpus of my thesis, in which most documents are from the ‘classical’ Greek world.
Empleo, desempleo y pandemia Covid-19: India
Authors: Sosa Jesús 
Published: December 2020

El presente análisis estudia las repercusiones sobre empleo que trae la pandemia del COVID-19 en India. Es una exploración de las tendencias de empleo y desempleo en la economía de ese país desde la pandemia del COVID-19. El análisis utiliza datos oficiales publicados por fuentes oficiales. La economía india se desacelera en los últimos cinco años y la pandemia exacerba la pérdida de empleos. Una recuperación gradual de la actividad económica deja ver la fragilidad del crecimiento sin generación de empleo.<br /><div><div><p> </p></div></div>
Financiarización en grandes empresas argentinas: El grupo Pampa Energía (2004-2019)
Authors: Navarro Rocha Leandro Ezequiel 
Published: December 2020

<p>Los procesos de financiarización, que tuvieron su origen tras el fin de los acuerdos de Bretton-Woods, alcanzaron también durante las décadas siguientes a los países periféricos. En el caso argentino, cobraron relevancia a partir de la liberalización y privatización de la economía durante la década de 1990. A partir de la década del 2000, y luego de la recuperación económica tras la crisis de comienzos del siglo XXI, es posible señalar una mayor vinculación de Argentina con los procesos de financiarización a escala global, tanto por una reorientación en el papel de las entidades financieras como de las empresas no financieras. El presente artículo aborda el estudio de la financiarización de las grandes empresas en Argentina a partir del estudio de caso, el grupo económico Pampa Energía. La hipótesis sostiene que durante el periodo 2004-2019, Pampa Energía se consolidó como un holding especializado en el sector de energía eléctrica, pero bajo una estrategia propia de una empresa financiarizada.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>
Association of Plasma Leucine-Rich α-2 Glycoprotein 1, a Modulator of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway, With Incident Heart Failure in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Jian-Jun , Pek Sharon L.T. , Wang Jiexun , Liu Sylvia , Ang Keven , Shao Yi Ming , Tang Justin I.-Shing , Gurung Resham L. , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Tang Wern Ee , Sum Chee Fang , Lim Su Chi 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a circulating protein potentially involved in several pathways related to pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We aimed to study whether plasma LRG1 is associated with risks of incident HF and hospitalization attributable to HF (HHF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 1,978 individuals with type 2 diabetes were followed for a median of 7.1 years (interquartile range 6.1–7.6). Association of LRG1 with HF was studied using cause-specific Cox regression models.

RESULTS
In follow-up, 191 incident HF and 119 HHF events were identified. As compared with quartile 1, participants with LRG1 in quartiles 3 and 4 had 3.60-fold (95% CI 1.63–7.99) and 5.99-fold (95% CI 2.21–16.20) increased risk of incident HF and 5.88-fold (95% CI 1.83–18.85) and 10.44-fold (95% CI 2.37–45.98) increased risk of HHF, respectively, after adjustment for multiple known cardiorenal risk factors. As a continuous variable, 1 SD increment in natural log-transformed LRG1 was associated with 1.78-fold (95% CI 1.33–2.38) adjusted risk of incident HF and 1.92-fold (95% CI 1.27–2.92) adjusted risk of HHF. Adding LRG1 to the clinical variable–based model improved risk discrimination for incident HF (area under the curve [AUC] 0.79–0.81; P = 0.02) and HHF (AUC 0.81–0.84; P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Plasma LRG1 is associated with risks of incident HF and HHF, suggesting that it may potentially be involved in pathogenesis of HF in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether LRG1 is a novel biomarker for HF risk stratification.
Tutoriales de Youtube como estrategia de aprendizaje no formal en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Roque Rodríguez Ernesto 
Published: December 2020

Los videotutoriales de Youtube se han convertido en un recurso necesario para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo fue conocer y analizar las razones del uso de esos recursos como estrategia de aprendizaje no formal en estudiantes universitarios. Se trata de un estudio mixto secuencial explicativo realizado en dos fases: una cuantitativa y otra cualitativa. Con un muestreo no probabilístico accidental en el que participaron 141 estudiantes, se usó una entrevista grupal para recibir retroalimentación y comentarios. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo a través de las técnicas de contenido y comparación constante. Los resultados demuestran que el 100 % de los estudiantes emplea los videotutoriales de Youtube para una mejor comprensión de un tema (66 %), porque son de fácil acceso y ahorran tiempo (57.4 %), para tener una guía de cómo hacer algo (53.2 %), para obtener diferentes puntos de vista (17.7 %) y por experiencia en Youtube (3.5%). Se concluye, por tanto, que los videotutoriales pueden ser usados para promover el aprendizaje autónomo, así como el pensamiento reflexivo.
Universal Vision in the Fiction of Ben Okri
Authors: Nammi Srividya 
Published: December 2020

Okri’s fiction is a mix of fantasy, realism and oral tradition of Africa. Though the trilogy nearly covers some fourteen hundred odd pages, it doesn’t have a proper beginning or end. Okri’s view of an unnamedAfrican ghetto, which is going to get independence, is presented in these novels. He is not giving solutions to the existing problems , he is simply presenting the true nature of an African state in an elusive manner. He narrates The Famished Road through the experiences of an ‘abiku’, Azaro, a seven year old child. He uses Azaro to narrate the chaotic state of affairs in an African state , and educates Azaro with the rich African culture in the form of stories told by his mother and father, and shows the real state of Africa in the form of photographs taken by the photographer, Jeremiah. Okri’s fiction has many layers of meaning which makes the task of analysis difficult. Though several labels like magical realism, Post-colonial, post-modern text are given the trilogy defies any particular definition. After examining his Trilogy thoroughly, it seems that Okri though elusive in his writings apparently wants a new – world. The Trilogy moves in the direction of anticipating a world fine tuned to harmonious living.
Displacement and Narrative: The Desert as a Diasporic Space of Existence in the Goat Days by Benyamin
Authors: John Mariam 
Published: December 2020

Emerson in his essay ‘Experience’ brings forth the idea of the cosmological relation between the universe and the human being. What we perceive as truth is not the reality because it exists in space and it is not an absolute entity. But Life – from minute particles, sub atoms, plants, animals, humans – creates the environment and the universe. Universe is the complete spatio -temporal logic of the individual self. Thus from the mist to man-made things we try to understand and give meaning to ourselves and to the world around us.
Student Pharmacists’ Assessment of a Serious Game on Opioid Medication Safety
Authors: Abraham Olufunmilola , Tidd Maeleigh , Buechel Megan , Thakur Tanvee , Brown Randall 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To explore second- and third-year student pharmacists’ perspectives on the design and use of a digital game to teach opioid medication safety. To explore the game-based learning approach to teach about appropriate drug use and pediatric education.
Innovation: The lead author developed MedSMA℞T: Adventures in PharmaCity, an educational video game focused on adolescent opioid safety. Second- and third-year students in a Midwestern School of Pharmacy enrolled in an elective course focused on appropriate use of abused drugs, played the digital game during a classroom session on adolescent opioid misuse. Using a small group discussion guide, students summarized their reflections and perspectives on gameplay.
Critical Analysis: Students retained fundamental messages of the game including opioid safety and identified that social interactions contribute to decision-making and consequences of opioid misuse. Student pharmacists found the game’s visual appearance engaging, dialogue amusing, and the settings and scenarios relatable. Feedback regarding game controls, environment, dialogue, instructions, and level summaries was provided by students to improve the game design and content. This project provides an example of a thoughtful approach to game-based learning in pharmacy classrooms with the purpose of enhancing student pharmacists’ knowledge about opioid safety education, communication, social collaboration, and critical-thinking.
Next Steps: Future projects can further investigate student pharmacists’ preferences of using game-based active learning. Additionally, retention rates of students from joint lectures and game-based learning activities can be analyzed.
The relationship between CEO compensation and company performance measurements of listed South African firms
Authors: Coetzee Willem Jacobus , Hall John Henry 
Published: December 2020

Some commentators argue that increased chief executive officer (CEO) compensation may lead to increased company performance, while others argue that increased CEO compensation does not necessarily lead to increased company performance. These different opinions led to several pay-performance studies to identify and analyse the relationship, if any, between CEO compensation and company performance. The motivation for the present study was to determine whether different performance measurements in a pay-performance study would provide different results, as well as to determine whether certain firmsâ€™ performance measurements correlate better to compensation than those of other firms. The main finding of the research was that there is a substantial difference in the correlational relationships identified between CEO compensation and company performance, depending on the performance measurement used. In this study earnings per share reported the strongest positive correlation at 0.89 and return on assets reported the strongest negative correlation at Â -0.79 to CEO compensation. The findings suggest that researchers should carefully consider what performance measurement to use when conducting pay-performance studies as very different results could be delivered. In addition, stakeholders should take note of the specific performance measurement that they should apply if they want to negotiate a performance-based compensation system.