bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dusty Deep Convection in the Mars Year 34 Planet‐Encircling Dust Event
Authors: Heavens Nicholas G. , Kass David M. , Shirley James H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDusty convection, convective activity powered by radiative heating of dust, is a ubiquitous phenomenon in Mars's atmosphere but is especially deep (i.e., impactful on the middle atmosphere) and widespread during planet‐encircling dust events (PEDEs) that occur every few Mars Years (MYs). Yet the relative roles of dusty deep convection and global dynamics, such as the principal meridional overturning cell and the radiative tides, in dust storm development and the vertical transport of dust and water are still unclear. Here, observations from the Mars Climate Sounder on board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO‐MCS) are used to study dusty deep convection and its impact on middle atmospheric water content during the MY 34 PEDE (commenced June 2018). Additional context is provided by MRO‐MCS observations of the MY 28 PEDE (commenced June 2007). This investigation establishes that a few, localized centers of dusty deep convection in the tropics formed in the initial phases of both PEDE simultaneously with a substantial increase in middle atmospheric water content. The growth phase of the MY 34 PEDE was defined by episodic outbreaks of deep convection along the Acidalia and Utopia storm tracks as opposed to less episodic, more longitudinally distributed convective activity during the MY 28 PEDE. The most intense convection during both PEDE was observed in southern/eastern Tharsis, where MRO‐MCS observed multiple instances of deep convective clouds transporting dust to altitudes of 70–90 km. These results suggest that Martian PEDE typically contain multiple convectively active mesoscale weather systems.
Controls on Carbon, Nutrient, and Sediment Cycling in a Large, Semiarid Estuarine System; Princess Charlotte Bay, Australia
Authors: Crosswell Joseph R. , Carlin Geoffrey , Steven Andy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSemiarid estuaries are characterized by pronounced seasonal variability, and a functional understanding of these systems requires constraint of coupled biogeochemical processes and relevant temporal and spatial scales. Here, we integrate 2 years of spatial surveys and time‐series measurements to quantify physical, chemical, and biological drivers in the largest estuarine system in the Great Barrier Reef region. During wet season, freshwater inputs of nutrients and sediment to estuaries were dominated by flood pulses, whereas carbonate input was also influenced by groundwater discharge. This carbonate input counteracted the minimum buffering zone that would otherwise occur at low salinities, thereby decreasing system‐wide air‐water CO2 fluxes. Sediment resuspension was a major control on the transformation and transport of material over tidal and seasonal scales. During wet season, tidal resuspension of benthic algae in nearshore mixing zones acted as an autotrophic filter, removing most bioavailable nutrients from the brackish plume. During dry season, upstream transport combined with hypersaline conditions trapped material in upper estuaries where denitrification and net heterotrophy were high. However, the role of sediment transport varied depending on tidal asymmetry and density‐driven circulation. Estuarine regions with large intertidal areas were dominated by salt flat erosion, which showed a diagenetic signature associated with mid‐Holocene swamp sediments. Tidal resuspension of these organic‐rich sediments appeared to be the dominant control on biogeochemical cycling in coastal waters. This study demonstrates that a holistic understanding of coastal ecosystem connectivity and function requires resolution of both along‐axis and water‐column gradients as well as a range of timescales from tidal to geological cycles.
Soil Moisture Data Assimilation to Estimate Irrigation Water Use
Authors: Abolafia‐Rosenzweig R. , Livneh B. , Small E.E. , Kumar S.V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKnowledge of irrigation is essential to support food security, manage depleting water resources, and comprehensively understand the global water and energy cycles. Despite the importance of understanding irrigation, little consistent information exists on the amount of water that is applied for irrigation. In this study, we develop and evaluate a new method to predict daily to seasonal irrigation magnitude using a particle batch smoother data assimilation approach, where land surface model soil moisture is applied in different configurations to understand how characteristics of remotely sensed soil moisture may impact the performance of the method. The study employs a suite of synthetic data assimilation experiments, allowing for systematic diagnosis of known error sources. Assimilation of daily synthetic soil moisture observations with zero noise produces irrigation estimates with a seasonal bias of 0.66% and a correlation of 0.95 relative to a known truth irrigation. When synthetic observations were subjected to an irregular overpass interval and random noise similar to the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite (0.04 cm3 cm−3), irrigation estimates produced a median seasonal bias of <1% and a correlation of 0.69. When systematic biases commensurate with those between NLDAS‐2 land surface models and Soil Moisture Active Passive are imposed, irrigation estimates show larger biases. In this application, the particle batch smoother outperformed the particle filter. The presented framework has the potential to provide new information into irrigation magnitude over spatially continuous domains, yet its broad applicability is contingent upon identifying new method(s) of determining irrigation schedule and correcting biases between observed and simulated soil moisture, as these errors markedly degraded performance.
Beyond the RPA and GW methods with adiabatic xc-kernels for accurate ground state and quasiparticle energies
Authors: Olsen Thomas , Patrick Christopher E. , Bates Jefferson E. , Ruzsinszky Adrienn , Thygesen Kristian S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe review the theory and application of adiabatic exchange–correlation (xc)-kernels for ab initio calculations of ground state energies and quasiparticle excitations within the frameworks of the adiabatic connection fluctuation dissipation theorem and Hedin’s equations, respectively. Various different xc-kernels, which are all rooted in the homogeneous electron gas, are introduced but hereafter we focus on the specific class of renormalized adiabatic kernels, in particular the rALDA and rAPBE. The kernels drastically improve the description of short-range correlations as compared to the random phase approximation (RPA), resulting in significantly better correlation energies. This effect greatly reduces the reliance on error cancellations, which is essential in RPA, and systematically improves covalent bond energies while preserving the good performance of the RPA for dispersive interactions. For quasiparticle energies, the xc-kernels account for vertex corrections that are missing in the GW self-energy. In this context, we show that the short-range correlations mainly correct the absolute band positions while the band gap is less affected in agreement with the known good performance of GW for the latter. The renormalized xc-kernels offer a rigorous extension of the RPA and GW methods with clear improvements in terms of accuracy at little extra computational cost.
Critical behavior near the reversible-irreversible transition in periodically driven vortices under random local shear
Authors: Maegochi S. , Ienaga K. , Kaneko S. , Okuma S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen many-particle (vortex) assemblies with disordered distribution are subjected to a periodic shear with a small amplitude $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
, the particles gradually self-organize to avoid next collisions and transform into an organized configuration. We can detect it from the time-dependent voltage $${\boldsymbol{V}}{\boldsymbol{(}}{\boldsymbol{t}}{\boldsymbol{)}}$$
V

(

t

)

(average velocity) that increases towards a steady-state value. For small $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
, the particles settle into a reversible state where all the particles return to their initial position after each shear cycle, while they reach an irreversible state for $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
above a threshold $${{\boldsymbol{d}}}_{{\boldsymbol{c}}}$$

d

c

. Here, we investigate the general phenomenon of a reversible-irreversible transition (RIT) using periodically driven vortices in a strip-shaped amorphous film with random pinning that causes local shear, as a function of $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
. By measuring $${\boldsymbol{V}}{\boldsymbol{(}}{\boldsymbol{t}}{\boldsymbol{)}}$$
V

(

t

)

, we observe a critical behavior of RIT, not only on the irreversible side, but also on the reversible side of the transition, which is the first under random local shear. The relaxation time $${\boldsymbol{\tau }}{\boldsymbol{(}}{\boldsymbol{d}}{\boldsymbol{)}}$$
τ

(

d

)

to reach either the reversible or irreversible state shows a power-law divergence at $${{\boldsymbol{d}}}_{{\boldsymbol{c}}}$$

d

c

. The critical exponent is determined with higher accuracy and is, within errors, in agreement with the value expected for an absorbing phase transition in the two-dimensional directed-percolation universality class. As $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
is decreased down to the intervortex spacing in the reversible regime, $${\boldsymbol{\tau }}{\boldsymbol{(}}{\boldsymbol{d}}{\boldsymbol{)}}$$
τ

(

d

)

deviates downward from the power-law relation, reflecting the suppression of intervortex collisions. We also suggest the possibility of a narrow smectic-flow regime, which is predicted to intervene between fully reversible and irreversible flow.
Unravelling the links between seismo-acoustic signals and eruptive parameters: Etna lava fountain case study
Authors: Sciotto Mariangela , Cannata Andrea , Prestifilippo Michele , Scollo Simona , Fee David , Privitera Eugenio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeriving eruption source parameters from geophysical data is critical for volcano hazard mitigation, yet remains a challenging task in most volcanoes worldwide. In this work, we explored the temporal relationship between geophysical signals and eruptive parameters measured during six explosive episodes from the New South-East Crater of Mt. Etna (Italy). The quadratic reduced seismic velocity and pressure were calculated to track the temporal variation of volcanic elastic radiation, and the lava fountain height was estimated by thermal camera image processing. The temporal relationships between these geophysical and eruptive time series were studied. In particular, the first considered lava fountain exhibited a “clockwise hysteresis” pattern: higher seismic amplitude with respect to the fountain height during the waxing phase as compared to the waning phase. We also calculated the regression parameters for both linear and power laws, linking seismo-acoustic and eruptive time series. For the linear regressions, we found fairly constant values of the scaling factors in five out of six eruptive episodes, which can be considered as a promising step to derive eruption source parameters from geophysical data in real-time. Regarding power law regressions, a clear relationship was observed between the exponents determined for the power law linking quadratic reduced velocity and lava fountain height, and the time interval duration from the previous eruption. These results suggest that the condition of the uppermost part of the plumbing system (e.g. viscosity of residing magma and conduit conditions) play a key role in the seismic energy generation during the eruptions.
Blockade of multiple monoamines receptors reduce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Nagata Mao , Yokooji Tomoharu , Nakai Tomoe , Miura Yumika , Tomita Takashi , Taogoshi Takanori , Sugimoto Yumi , Matsuo Hiroaki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClinical use of olanzapine frequently causes severe hyperglycemia as an adverse effect. In this study, we elucidated mechanisms by which olanzapine reduced insulin secretion using the hamster pancreatic β-cell line HIT-T15. Reverse transcriptional-PCR analysis revealed expression of dopamine (D2, D3 and D4), serotonin (5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT6), and histamine (H1 and H2) receptors in HIT-T15 cells. Olanzapine decreased insulin secretion from HIT-T15 cells at clinically relevant concentrations (64–160 nM). A dopamine D2 agonist, D3 antagonist, and D4 antagonist suppressed insulin secretion, whereas a D2 antagonist and D3 agonist increased it. A serotonin 5-HT2B agonist slightly increased insulin secretion, while a 5-HT2C antagonist slightly decreased it. Other agonists and antagonists for serotonin receptors did not affect insulin secretion. A histamine H1 agonist increased insulin secretion, whereas an H1 antagonist and H2 agonist suppressed it. Our results suggest that dopamine (D2, D3 and D4), serotonin (5-HT2B and 5-HT2C), and histamine (H1 and H2) receptors, which are expressed on pancreatic β-cells, directly modulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Thus, olanzapine may induce hyperglycemia in clinical settings by suppressing insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells through inhibition of dopamine D3, serotonin 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C, and histamine H1 receptors.
Freshwater mussels house a diverse mussel-associated leech assemblage
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Klass Anna L. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Vikhrev Ilya V. , Bespalaya Yulia V. , Gofarov Mikhail Yu , Filippov Boris Yu , Bogan Arthur E. , Lopes-Lima Manuel , Lunn Zau , Chan Nyein , Aksenova Olga V. , Dvoryankin Gennady A. , Chapurina Yulia E. , Kim Sang Ki , Kolosova Yulia S. , Konopleva Ekaterina S. , Lee Jin Hee , Makhrov Alexander A. , Palatov Dmitry M. , Sayenko Elena M. , Spitsyn Vitaly M. , Sokolova Svetlana E. , Tomilova Alena A. , Win Than , Zubrii Natalia A. , Vinarski Maxim V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFreshwater mussels (Unionida) are one of the most imperiled animal groups worldwide, revealing the fastest rates of extinction. Habitat degradation, river pollution and climate change are the primary causes of global decline. However, biological threats for freshwater mussels are still poorly known. Here, we describe a diverse ecological group of leeches (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) inhabiting the mantle cavity of freshwater mussels. So far, examples of mussel-associated leech species are recorded from East Asia, Southeast Asia, India and Nepal, Africa, and North America. This group comprises a dozen glossiphoniid species with a hidden life style inside the mantle cavity of their hosts largely overlooked by researchers. We show that the association with freshwater mussels evolved independently in three leech clades, i.e. Batracobdelloides, Hemiclepsis, and Placobdella, at least since the Miocene. Seven mussel-associated leech species and two additional free-living taxa are described here as new to science.
Modelling lipid systems in fluid with Lattice Boltzmann Molecular Dynamics simulations and hydrodynamics
Authors: F. Brandner Astrid , Timr Stepan , Melchionna Simone , Derreumaux Philippe , Baaden Marc , Sterpone Fabio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work we present the coupling between Dry Martini, an efficient implicit solvent coarse-grained model for lipids, and the Lattice Boltzmann Molecular Dynamics (LBMD) simulation technique in order to include naturally hydrodynamic interactions in implicit solvent simulations of lipid systems. After validating the implementation of the model, we explored several systems where the action of a perturbing fluid plays an important role. Namely, we investigated the role of an external shear flow on the dynamics of a vesicle, the dynamics of substrate release under shear, and inquired the dynamics of proteins and substrates confined inside the core of a vesicle. Our methodology enables future exploration of a large variety of biological entities and processes involving lipid systems at the mesoscopic scale where hydrodynamics plays an essential role, e.g. by modulating the migration of proteins in the proximity of membranes, the dynamics of vesicle-based drug delivery systems, or, more generally, the behaviour of proteins in cellular compartments.
Different clinical patterns of IgG4-RD patients with and without eosinophilia
Authors: Zhang Xia , Zhang Panpan , Li Jieqiong , He Yujie , Fei Yunyun , Peng Linyi , Shi Qun , Zhang Wen , Zhao Yan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt has been reported that patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) showed an elevated incidence of eosinophilia. We aim to explore the clinical patterns of IgG4-RD patients with and without eosinophilia. Four hundred and twenty-five IgG4-RD patients referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled. Blood eosinophil count higher than 0.5 × 109/L was defined as eosinophilia. Clinical features of all the participants were collected and analyzed statistically. Eighty-seven patients (20%) with eosinophilia were found. As compared to those with a normal range of blood eosinophil count, male predominance, longer disease duration, increased prevalence of dacryoadenitis, sialadenitis, lymphadenopathy, and skin rash, higher IgG4-RD responder index, more organ involvement and higher levels of serum IgG4 (17.0 g/L vs 6.5 g/L, P < 0.001) was found in patients with eosinophilia. There was no significant difference in the incidence of allergic disease between the two groups. Peripheral eosinophil counts were positively correlated with disease duration, the number of involved organs, IgG4-RD responder index, and serum IgG4. Higher recurrence rate during follow-up period was found in patients with eosinophilia [28.6% (20/70) vs 17.1% (42/245), P = 0.034]. IgG4-RD patients with eosinophilia exhibited different clinical patterns from patients without. Eosinophilia appeared independent of allergies in IgG4-RD.
Overexpression of native Musa-miR397 enhances plant biomass without compromising abiotic stress tolerance in banana
Authors: Patel Prashanti , Yadav Karuna , Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Suprasanna Penna , Ganapathi Thumballi Ramabhatta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlant micro RNAs (miRNAs) control growth, development and stress tolerance but are comparatively unexplored in banana, whose cultivation is threatened by abiotic stress and nutrient deficiencies. In this study, a native Musa-miR397 precursor harboring 11 copper-responsive GTAC motifs in its promoter element was identified from banana genome. Musa-miR397 was significantly upregulated (8–10) fold in banana roots and leaves under copper deficiency, correlating with expression of root copper deficiency marker genes such as Musa-COPT and Musa-FRO2. Correspondingly, target laccases were significantly downregulated (>−2 fold), indicating miRNA-mediated silencing for Cu salvaging. No significant expression changes in the miR397-laccase module were observed under iron stress. Musa-miR397 was also significantly upregulated (>2 fold) under ABA, MV and heat treatments but downregulated under NaCl stress, indicating universal stress-responsiveness. Further, Musa-miR397 overexpression in banana significantly increased plant growth by 2–3 fold compared with wild-type but did not compromise tolerance towards Cu deficiency and NaCl stress. RNA-seq of transgenic and wild type plants revealed modulation in expression of 71 genes related to diverse aspects of growth and development, collectively promoting enhanced biomass. Summing up, our results not only portray Musa-miR397 as a candidate for enhancing plant biomass but also highlight it at the crossroads of growth-defense trade-offs.
Biogenically induced bedded chert formation in the alkaline palaeo-lake of the Green River Formation
Authors: Kuma Ryusei , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Yamamoto Koshi , Yoshida Hidekazu , Whiteside Jessica H. , Katsuta Nagayoshi , Ikeda Masayuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRhythmically bedded cherts are observed in both pelagic marine and lacustrine deposits, but the formation mechanism in the latter remains highly uncertain. Our study of alternating chert–dolomite beds in the Eocene Green River Formation, Utah, USA reveals dense accumulations of organic-matter spheres (30–50 μm diameter) of probable algal cyst origin in the chert layers, and centennial- to millennial-scale periodicities in chert layer deposition. A positive correlation between the degree of degradation of the organic spheres and Si distribution implies decomposition of algal organic matter lead to precipitation of lacustrine chert. As both alkalinity and dissolved silica were likely high in the palaeo-lake waters of the Green River Formation, we hypothesize that decomposition of algal organic matter lowered the pH of sediment pore waters and caused silica precipitation. We propose a formation model in which the initial abundance of algal organic matter in sediment varies with productivity at the lake surface, and the decomposition of this algal matter controls the extent of silica precipitation in sediment. The formation of rhythmically bedded chert–dolomite may be linked to centennial- to millennial-scale climatic/environmental factors that modulate algal productivity, which are possibly tied to solar activity cycles known to have similar periodicities.
Identification of key regulators in prostate cancer from gene expression datasets of patients
Authors: Mangangcha Irengbam Rocky , Malik Md. Zubbair , Küçük Ömer , Ali Shakir , Singh R. K. Brojen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIdentification of key regulators and regulatory pathways is an important step in the discovery of genes involved in cancer. Here, we propose a method to identify key regulators in prostate cancer (PCa) from a network constructed from gene expression datasets of PCa patients. Overexpressed genes were identified using BioXpress, having a mutational status according to COSMIC, followed by the construction of PCa Interactome network using the curated genes. The topological parameters of the network exhibited power law nature indicating hierarchical scale-free properties and five levels of organization. Highest degree hubs (k ≥ 65) were selected from the PCa network, traced, and 19 of them was identified as novel key regulators, as they participated at all network levels serving as backbone. Of the 19 hubs, some have been reported in literature to be associated with PCa and other cancers. Based on participation coefficient values most of these are connector or kinless hubs suggesting significant roles in modular linkage. The observation of non-monotonicity in the rich club formation suggested the importance of intermediate hubs in network integration, and they may play crucial roles in network stabilization. The network was self-organized as evident from fractal nature in topological parameters of it and lacked a central control mechanism.