bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals and students regarding recovery: A systematic review
Authors: Gyamfi Naomi , Bhullar Navjot , Islam Md Shahidul , Usher Kim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis review was conducted to synthesize and critically appraise the literature on knowledge, attitudes, understanding, perceptions, and expectations of mental health professionals (MHPs) and mental health professional (MHP) students' regarding recovery. A systematic search in Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Medline, and Embase as well as Google scholar and web‐based repositories was conducted. The searches were conducted using a combination of key terms: “mental health professionals”, “students”, ‘knowledge’, “understanding”, “perception” “attitude”, “expectation”, “recovery”. After screening and quality assessment, the review included 29 studies (18 quantitative, 8 qualitative, and 3 mixed‐method studies) published in English, from January 2006 to June 2019, and was analysed systematically using a mixed‐method synthesis. The findings revealed that there is increasing evidence (especially among MHPs) of knowledge, attitudes, understanding, perceptions, and expectations regarding recovery. However, there are disparities in how MHPs perceive and understand recovery. While some understood it to mean a personal process, others explained it as a clinical process. In addition, there was limited knowledge among the MHPs and MHP students regarding the nonlinearity nature of the recovery process and expectations regarding recovery. The implications from these findings are the need for more in‐service training for MHPs, and examination of the curriculum used to educate MHP students. In particular, they should be sufficiently informed about the nonlinearity nature of the recovery process and how to develop hopeful and realistic expectations for consumers throughout the recovery process. The review was preregistered with PROSPERO (Registration No: CRD42019136543).
The effect of submicron grain size on thermal stability and mechanical properties of high‐entropy carbide ceramics
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Xiang , Yan Xueliang , Lu Yongfeng , Nastasi Michael , Chen Yan , Cui Bai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C high‐entropy ceramics (HEC) with a submicron grain size of 400 to 600 nm were fabricated by spark plasma sintering using a two‐step sintering process. Both X‐ray and neutron diffractions confirmed the formation of single‐phase with rock salt structure in the as‐fabricated (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C samples. The effect of submicron grain size on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of HEC was investigated. The grain growth kinetics in the fine‐grained HEC was small at 1300 and 1600°C, suggesting high thermal stability that was possibly related to the compositional complexity and sluggish diffusion in HEC. Compared to the coarse‐grain HEC with a grain size of 16.5 µm, the bending strength and fracture toughness of fine‐grained HEC were 25% and 20% higher respectively. The improvement of mechanical properties in fine‐grained HEC may be attributed to micromechanistic mechanisms such as crack deflection.
Cardiac anatomy pertinent to the catheter and surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Cox James L. , Churyla Andrei , Kislitsina Olga N. , Chris Malaisrie S. , McCarthy Patrick M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the 1980s when surgery was first introduced for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), one would often hear comments like “Every little old grandmother has AF. Why on earth would you operate on someone like that?”.
Atrial fibrillation burden and subsequent heart failure events in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy devices
Authors: Tanawuttiwat Tanyanan , Lande Jeff , Smeets Pascal , Gerritse Bart , Nazarian Saman , Guallar Eliseo , Cheng Alan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often coexist but little is known on how AF burden associates with subsequent episodes of HF.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the short‐ and long‐term association of AF burden with subsequent episodes of HF events in patients with reduced ejection fraction.MethodsPatients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices with at least 90 days of device data were included in the study. Time‐dependent Cox regression with a 7‐day window was used to evaluate the association of short‐ and long‐term AF burden with subsequent HF events. Each patient with HF was matched to two control patients without an HF event based on age, gender, year of implant and CRT defibrillation capability.ResultsIn our cohort with 2:1 matching (N = 549), 183 patients developed HF events and 275 (50.1%) had AF over an average follow‐up of 24 ± 11 months. A 1‐hour increase in short‐term AF burden was associated with a 3% increased risk of HF events (HR, 1.034; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.012‐1.056; P = .01; HR for 24‐hour = 2.23). In contrast, the association between long‐term AF burden and subsequent HF events was not statistically significant (HR, 1.009; 95% CI, 0.992‐1.026; P = .373).ConclusionA 24‐hour increase in AF burden is associated with a more than two‐fold increased risk of HF events over the subsequent week while the long‐term AF burden is not significantly associated with HF events.
Identification of lncRNA‐associated differential subnetworks in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by differential co‐expression analysis
Authors: Liu Wei , Gan Cai‐Yan , Wang Wei , Liao Lian‐Di , Li Chun‐Quan , Xu Li‐Yan , Li En‐Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDifferential expression analysis has led to the identification of important biomarkers in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Despite enormous contributions, it has not harnessed the full potential of gene expression data, such as interactions among genes. Differential co‐expression analysis has emerged as an effective tool that complements differential expression analysis to provide better insight of dysregulated mechanisms and indicate key driver genes. Here, we analysed the differential co‐expression of lncRNAs and protein‐coding genes (PCGs) between normal oesophageal tissue and ESCC tissues, and constructed a lncRNA‐PCG differential co‐expression network (DCN). DCN was characterized as a scale‐free, small‐world network with modular organization. Focusing on lncRNAs, a total of 107 differential lncRNA‐PCG subnetworks were identified from the DCN by integrating both differential expression and differential co‐expression. These differential subnetworks provide a valuable source for revealing lncRNA functions and the associated dysfunctional regulatory networks in ESCC. Their consistent discrimination suggests that they may have important roles in ESCC and could serve as robust subnetwork biomarkers. In addition, two tumour suppressor genes (AL121899.1 and ELMO2), identified in the core modules, were validated by functional experiments. The proposed method can be easily used to investigate differential subnetworks of other molecules in other cancers.
Distinct clinical features and serum cytokine pattern of elderly atopic dermatitis in China
Authors: Wang S. , Zhu R. , Gu C. , Zou Y. , Yin H. , Xu J. , Li W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundElderly atopic dermatitis (AD) is a newly defined subtype of AD stratified by age‐related clinical pictures.ObjectivesTo analyse the clinical features and molecular profile of elderly AD patients in China, comparing with infantile, childhood and adolescent/adult AD.MethodsA total of 1312 patients diagnosed by Hanifin and Rajka diagnostic criteria of AD from Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China, were divided into four groups by age (2–18, 19–40, 41–60 and >60 years), and clinical features were evaluated by questionnaire and physical examination. Serum total IgE, eosinophil counts and various cytokines were further analysed in some of the patients and healthy controls.ResultsElderly AD showed significantly higher male/female ratio and rural/urban ratio than other age groups, and more than half of elderly AD first appeared after 60 years old. Skin lesions of elderly AD were more often seen in the trunk and extensor sites of the extremities. Level of serum IgE and eosinophil counts were significantly lower in elderly AD than those in other age groups. Serum levels of IL‐4, TARC, IL‐17A, IL‐6, IL‐22, IL‐33 and TSLP were significantly higher in elderly AD patients than those of healthy controls, indicating a mixed Th2/Th17/Th22 inflammation.ConclusionsElderly AD demonstrated unique clinical characteristics compared with other age groups and showed mixed Th2/Th17/Th22 skewing, indicating a unique pathogenesis for elderly AD.
Marshall and Warren Lecture 2019: A paradigm shift in pathophysiological basis of irritable bowel syndrome and its implication on treatment
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), has often been considered rather inappropriately as psychogenic in the past. Though psychological issues are important comorbidities in a proportion of IBS patients, the evidences are far from enough to label this condition as psychogenic only. In the recent past, evidences are emerging that underscores the concept supporting pure psychogenic theory of IBS and suggest this disorder to be rather microorganic. Accordingly, a move of Rome IV Committee attempting to delete the term “functional” and designating these to be disorders of “gut‐brain interaction” rather than that of “brain‐gut interaction,” it emphasizes the importance of the gut over the brain in the pathogenesis. The introduction of the concept of multidimensional clinical profile in Rome IV requires attention to diagnostic category of FGID, overlap, severity, psychological issues, and physiological dysfunction or biomarkers; this attempts to recognize clinical variability and multidimensionality of pathophysiology and management of these disorders. The recognition of the biological factors in the pathogenesis of IBS is a significant paradigm shift in the recent time. This is somewhat similar to the progress in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease from psychological factor to acid to Helicobacter pylori infection. It is expected that in the near future, therapeutic modalities targeting the different pathogenic mechanisms of different subtypes of IBS may bring revolution in management of the disorder.
Oral Health, Diet, and Frailty at Baseline of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Bassim Carol , Mayhew Alexandra J. , Ma Jinhui , Kanters David , Verschoor Chris P. , Griffith Lauren E. , Raina Parminder 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESPoor diet due to poor oral health was proposed as a potential mediator of the association between poor oral health and frailty. This study explores the cross‐sectional associations between poor oral health, poor diet, and frailty in Canadian adults, aged 45 to 85 years, and then tests whether the expected oral health–frailty association is changed by taking into account the pathway through poor diet.DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGThe baseline wave of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a nationally representative population study.PARTICIPANTSData from 28 738 community‐dwelling participants, aged 45 to 85 years.MEASUREMENTSWe characterized poor oral health (cumulative count of 24 items of oral health problems), poor diet (scale of poor food consumption from 7 healthy foods groups), and frailty (cumulative frailty index of 76 items). Regression‐based path analyses were used to investigate associations between poor oral health, poor diet, and frailty, adjusted for age group, sex, income, smoking, living alone, education, physical activity, social support, and dental visit.RESULTSPoorer oral health was associated with low income, smoking, low physical activity, low social support, and no dental visit. There were associations between poorer oral health and poorer diet (effect size β adjusted = .40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .20‐.61) and between poorer oral health and increased frailty (β adjusted = .85; 95% CI = .68‐1.02). The indirect effect through the path of poor diet was approximately 0.01 (95% CI = 0.01‐0.02) (ie, explaining ∼1% of the effect of poor oral health on frailty).CONCLUSIONSPoor oral health was associated with poor diet and frailty. Each additional oral health problem was associated with an increase of approximately 1 frailty index point, even after full adjustment for poor diet. The indirect effect of poor oral health through poor diet was modest. Though poor oral health was associated with poorer diet quality, a more direct effect of poor oral health on increasing frailty may be indicated. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:959–966, 2020
Physical inactivity and excessive sucrose consumption are associated with higher serum lipids in subjects with Taq1B CETP polymorphism
Authors: Campos‐Perez W. , Perez‐Robles M. , Torres‐Castillo N. , Rodríguez‐Reyes S. C. , De la Cerda Trujillo L. F. , Navarro‐Muñiz E. , Lopez‐Lizárraga C. R. , Llamas‐Covarrubias I. M. , Martinez‐Lopez E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDyslipidaemias result from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including diet disequilibrium and physical inactivity. Among the genetic factors associated with serum lipids, the Taq1B CETP polymorphism has been investigated. The B1 allele has been considered as a risk factor for dyslipidaemia because of its association with greater CETP levels and higher serum triglycerides. The present study aimed to determine the role of the Taq1B polymorphism with lipid and anthropometric variables and its interaction with diet and physical activity.MethodsIn total, 215 subjects were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Diet intake was evaluated using a 3‐day food consumption record and physical activity was determined in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations. The Taq1B CETP polymorphism was determined by allelic discrimination.ResultsSubjects with the B1B2/B2B2 genotype, who had a sucrose consumption ≥5% of the total kcal day−1, had higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) [165.55 (142.21–188.89) mg dL−1 versus 200.19 (184.79–215.60) mg dL−1; P for interaction = 0.034] and low‐density lipoprotein [99.29 (75.52–123.05) mg dL−1 versus 128.64 (113.59–143.69) mg dL−1; P for interaction = 0.037] than subjects with the B1B1 genotype. Subjects who did not perform physical activity and had the B1B2/B2B2 genotype showed significantly higher levels of TC [177.48 (161.36–193.60) mg dL−1 versus 194.49 (185.43–203.56) mg mL−1; P for interaction = 0.033] than subjects with the B1B1 genotype.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that subjects with inadequate environmental factors carriers of the polymorphic genotype had higher serum lipid levels than subjects with the B1B1 genotype.
Pannexin‐1 in the CNS: Emerging concepts in health and disease
Authors: Yeung Albert K. , Patil Chetan S. , Jackson Michael F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPannexin‐1 (Panx1) is a large pore membrane channel with unique conduction properties ranging from non‐selective ion permeability to the extracellular release of signalling molecules. The release of ATP by Panx1 has been particularly well‐characterized with implications in purine signalling across a variety of biological contexts. Panx1 activity is also important in inflammasome formation and the secretion of pro‐inflammatory molecules such as interleukin‐1β. Within the central nervous system (CNS), Panx1 is expressed on both neurons and glia, and is thought to mediate crosstalk between these cells. A growing body of literature now supports the pathological activity of Panx1 in contributing to disease processes including seizure, stroke, migraine headache and chronic pain. Emerging evidence also reveals a physiological function of Panx1 in regulating neural stem cell survival, neuronal maturation and synaptic plasticity, with possible relevance to normal cognitive functioning. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the roles of Panx1 in the CNS, with emphasis on how putative signalling properties and activation mechanisms of this channel contribute to various physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Effective combination therapy with high concentration of Minoxidil and Carboxygas in resistant Androgenetic alopecia: Report of nine cases
Authors: Nilforooshzadeh Mohammad Ali , Lotfi Elaheh , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Zolghadr Sara , Mansouri Parvin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is widely characterized as the main reason of hair loss which most of the time it has been reported in adults regarding dermatological consultation. Also, it is broadly believed that the progressive miniaturization of hair follicles could be usually different at the age of onset.AimsOver the last decade, detecting and understanding newer genetic basis in AGA lead to provide better therapeutic approaches. We have highlighted on an evidence‐based method to treat AGA whose incidence is increasing significantly in our country.Patients/MethodsIn this study, 9 adults with AGA including 5 women and 4 men, age range of 25‐55 years, were treated with a combination of minoxidil (20%) by micro‐needling and carboxytherapy mediated by needling. All cases had a normal physical development. Hair numbers (density) and diameter were calculated using trichograms before and after treatment. Hair growth was assessed by the pull test as well.ResultsOur results showed that combination of high concentration of minoxidil and carboxygas extremely can increase the level of hair growth.ConclusionOur treatment effects on the terminal follicles using needling make sticky follicles become progressively smaller as a result of mechanical forces.
Improvement of oral cancer screening quality and reach: The promise of artificial intelligence
Authors: Kar Ankita , Wreesmann Volkert B. , Shwetha Vineeth , Thakur Shalini , Rao Vishal U. S. , Arakeri Gururaj , Brennan Peter A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOral cancer is easily detectable by physical (self) examination. However, many cases of oral cancer are detected late, which causes unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Screening of high‐risk populations seems beneficial, but these populations are commonly located in regions with limited access to health care. The advent of information technology and its modern derivative artificial intelligence (AI) promises to improve oral cancer screening but to date, few efforts have been made to apply these techniques and relatively little research has been conducted to retrieve meaningful information from AI data. In this paper, we discuss the promise of AI to improve the quality and reach of oral cancer screening and its potential effect on improving mortality and unequal access to health care around the world.
What drives the spatial wage premium in formal and informal labor markets? The case of Ecuador
Authors: Matano Alessia , Obaco Moisés , Royuela Vicente 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the incidence of agglomeration externalities in Ecuador, a small‐sized, middle‐income developing country. In particular, we analyze the role of the informal sector within these relations, since informal employment accounts for a significant part of total employment in the developing countries. Using individual level data and instrumental variable techniques, we investigate the impact of spatial externalities, in terms of population density, local specialization and urban size, on the wages of workers in Ecuadorian cities. The results show that spatial externalities matter also for a small developing country. Moreover, analysis of the interaction between spatial externalities and informality shows that, on average, workers employed in the informal sector do not enjoy significant benefits from agglomeration externalities. Finally, by investigating the possible channels behind spatial agglomeration gains we show that the advantages from agglomeration for formal sector workers may well be accounted for by better job‐quality matches and, to a lesser extent, by learning externalities. For informal sector workers, our findings also suggest possible gains from job changes, which offset a penalty for remaining employed in the same occupation.
Epidemiology of childhood malignant mediastinal masses and clinical factors associated with intensive care unit admission: A Singapore experience
Authors: Lee Shawn HR , Oh Bernice LZ , Kimpo Miriam , Quah Thuan C 
Published: March 2020

AimMajority of mediastinal masses in children are malignant. These masses are complex to manage as they have a risk of compression to surrounding structures. Many of these children have to be managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Hence we sought to evaluate the local epidemiology of malignant mediastinal masses in children and their clinical presentation, and identified factors associated with ICU admission so that at‐risk patients may be identified early.MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of institutional case records of 56 children below 18 years of age from 2000 to 2015 with a malignant mediastinal mass. We collected data on their presenting symptoms, clinical signs, radiological investigations, treatment and correlated these factors with admission to our ICU.ResultsLymphoma was most common diagnosis, comprising 37 children (66.0%). There were 6 patients with neuroblastoma (10.7%), 3 patients with germ‐cell tumour (5.4%) and 10 patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (17.9%). Overall, 21 patients (37.5%) had to be admitted to the ICU. Almost all patients (98.2%) were symptomatic on presentation, of which lymphadenopathy was the most common (69.6%). Factors that are significantly associated with ICU admission are stridor, pericardial effusion and need for pleural drainage.ConclusionsMalignant mediastinal masses in children in our institution range from leukaemias and lymphomas to germ cell tumours and neuroblastomas, of which almost all are symptomatic. These children have a risk of cardiorespiratory collapse and many of them require intensive care. We identified factors that are associated with ICU admission, with the aim of early intervention of at‐risk cases.
Australian hospitalisations for Kawasaki disease, 1993–1994 to 2017–2018
Authors: O'Brien Kathleen 
Published: March 2020

AimTo estimate and describe trends in hospitalisations for Kawasaki disease in Australia.MethodsAnalysis of the National Hospital Morbidity Database for separations with a principal diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, 1993–1994 to 2017–2018. Limited to persons aged 0–19 years.ResultsOver the period 1993–1994 to 2017–2018, there were 6368 hospitalisations for Kawasaki disease among people aged 0–19 years; 433 same‐day (6.8%) and 5935 overnight (93.2%). Among overnight separations, 15.8% were for children under the age of 1 year and 58.7% for those aged 1–4 years; 60.3% were for males. The hospitalisations rate has increased from 5.2 per 100 000 population in 1993–1994 to 12.4 per 100 000 in 2017–2018. The ratio of male to female hospitalisations was 1.5:1.ConclusionsKawasaki disease is uncommon among Australia children, but its incidence is increasing. As there are no known preventable risk factors for the disease, prompt identification and treatment remain crucial to minimising the risk of cardiovascular sequelae.