bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magmatic Evolution following Damp Tholeiitic and Wet Calc-alkaline Liquid Lines of Descent: an Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey) Example
Authors: Liu Ze , Zhu Di-Cheng , Jagoutz Oliver , Rezeau Hervé , Wang Qing , Eyuboglu Yener 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAssociations between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline arc magmatism with close spatial and temporal relationships can provide critical constraints on magma genesis and allow the reconstruction of subduction polarity at convergent margins. This study identifies two compositionally distinct intrusive series from the Yusufeli region in the Eastern Pontides arc, NE Turkey. The intrusive rocks from the Yusufeli intrusive complex were emplaced at 179–170 Ma and are dominated by the low- to medium-K tholeiitic series, with depleted Hf isotopic compositions. In contrast, the intrusive rocks from the Camlikaya intrusive complex were emplaced at 151–147 Ma and are characterized by the medium- to high-K calc-alkaline series, with relatively enriched Hf isotopic compositions. The Al-in-hornblende geobarometer reveals that the magmas of both intrusive complexes crystallized at upper crustal levels (∼150–250 MPa, ∼5–8 km). The presence of patchy-textured plagioclase and the widespread occurrence of coeval dykes and magmatic mafic enclaves indicate that the two intrusive complexes are derived from multiple magma pulses in open magmatic systems. The mineral crystallization order of amphibole and plagioclase, the trace elemental signatures (e.g. Sr/Y and Y), and rare earth element modeling collectively suggest that the Yusufeli intrusive complex was dominated by plagioclase and clinopyroxene fractionation with earlier plagioclase crystallization than amphibole, whereas the Camlikaya intrusive complex was dominated by the fractionation of amphibole accompanied by co-crystallization of plagioclase. Such significant differences in the fractionating mineral assemblages at comparable intrusion pressures can be attributed to different initial H2O contents of the Yusufeli and Camlikaya parental magmas, which ultimately control their distinct liquid lines of descent. In accord with thermodynamic modeling results derived using the Rhyolite-MELTS software, we propose that the Yusufeli intrusive rocks are derived from damp (∼1–2 wt% H2O) parental magmas formed dominantly by decompression melting of mantle wedge in a back-arc setting. In contrast, the wet parental magmas (&gt;∼2 wt% H2O) of Camlikaya intrusive rocks are more hydrous and formed through flux melting of suprasubduction-zone mantle wedge. This conclusion, combined with the back-arc basin related Jurassic sedimentary and structural records previously determined in the Southern Zone of the Eastern Pontides, indicates that the geochemical compositions and spatial relationship of the Yusufeli and Camlikaya intrusive complexes are preferably explained by the southward subduction of the Paleotethys oceanic lithosphere in the Early to Late Jurassic.
Shock or Design: What Drives Fiscal De/Centralization? A Comparative Analysis of Twenty-Nine OECD Countries, 1995–2017
Authors: Arnold Tobias , Mueller Sean , Vatter Adrian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Over the past decades, decentralization has become the new paradigm in how states should organize power territorially. Carefully planned institutional re-designs are the most visible expression thereof. Yet the Great Recession of 2007–2009 has pushed governments into the opposite direction, i.e., towards centralization, to better weather the fiscal drought. Given these contradictory developments, this article compares the effects of twenty-three separate state reforms with the impact of the Great Recession on fiscal centralization in twenty-nine countries over more than two decades. In the main, our analyses attribute a larger effect to design, i.e., pro-active policy making through reforms, than reactive crisis management after a great shock. However, this difference is only apparent once we consider a state’s institutional structure, that is whether a political system is unitary or federal. Our findings thus highlight the need for a multidimensional approach to better understand the drivers of fiscal de/centralization.
BSR Spondyloarthritis Course, 27 February 2020. Spondyloarthritis: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management
Authors: Marzo-Ortega Helena , Tan Ai Lyn , McGonagle Dennis , Pickles David , Dubash Sayam , Vandevelde Claire Y , Coates Laura C , Siebert Stefan , Helliwell Philip S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh-quality continuous medical education is essential to maintain excellence in health-care delivery, upskilling professionals and improving patient outcomes. This is particularly relevant when addressing rare disease groups, such as the spondyloarthritides, a group of heterogeneous inflammatory conditions that affect joints and other organs, such as the skin, bowel and eye. Professional bodies, such as the British Society for Rheumatology (BSR), are well placed to deliver this type of education. In 2020, the BSR ran a dedicated SpA course aimed at rheumatology health-care professionals wishing to update their basic knowledge of SpA with a review of the latest advances in the field. Here, we summarize the proceedings of the meeting and discuss the value of such an initiative.
Psoriatic arthritis is associated with adverse body composition predictive of greater coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes propensity – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ferguson Lyn D , Linge Jennifer , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof , Woodward Rosemary , Hall Barrientos Pauline , Roditi Giles , Radjenovic Aleksandra , McInnes Iain B , Siebert Stefan , Sattar Naveed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To compare body composition in PsA with metabolic disease free (MDF) controls and type 2 diabetes and assess body-composition predicted propensity for cardiometabolic disease.

Methods
Detailed MRI body composition profiles of 26 PsA participants from the IMAPA study were compared with 130 age, sex and BMI-matched MDF controls and 454 individuals with type 2 diabetes from UK Biobank. The body-composition predicted propensity for coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes was compared between PsA and matched MDF controls.

Results
PsA participants had a significantly greater visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume [mean 5.89 l (s.d. 2.10 l)] compared with matched-MDF controls [mean 4.34 l (s.d. 1.83 l)] (P &lt;0.001) and liver fat percentage [median 8.88% (interquartile range 4.42–13.18%)] compared with MDF controls [3.29% (1.98–7.25%)] (P &lt;0.001). These differences remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. There were no statistically significant differences in VAT, liver fat or muscle fat infiltration (MFI) between PsA and type 2 diabetes. PsA participants had a lower thigh muscle volume than MDF controls and those with type 2 diabetes. Body composition-predicted propensity for CHD and type 2 diabetes was 1.27 and 1.83 times higher, respectively, for PsA compared with matched-MDF controls.

Conclusion
Individuals with PsA have an adverse body composition phenotype with greater visceral and ectopic liver fat and lower thigh muscle volume than matched MDF controls. Body fat distribution in PsA is more in keeping with the pattern observed in type 2 diabetes and is associated with greater propensity to cardiometabolic disease. These data support the need for greater emphasis on weight loss in PsA management to lessen CHD and type 2 diabetes risk.
Acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease: clinical features and prognosis
Authors: Izuka Shinji , Yamashita Hiroyuki , Iba Arisa , Takahashi Yuko , Kaneko Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is commonly associated with acute exacerbations (ILD-AE). This study examined the clinical characteristics and risk factors of ILD-AE and mortality of RA-ILD.

Methods
We retrospectively collected data on 165 RA-ILD patients who visited or were admitted to our hospital between January 2007 and December 2019. We compared the clinical characteristics of patients who did and did not develop ILD-AE and identified variables significantly associated with ILD-AE. We also compared the admission characteristics of those who survived and those who died after admission for ILD-AE. ILD-AE was defined using previously proposed criteria, modified slightly for application to RA-ILD.

Results
The mean patient age was 73.6 years (s.d. 9.7) and 97 (71.9%) patients were female. Thirty (22.2%) patients developed ILD-AE, 13 (43.3%) of whom died. In univariate analyses, neither the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern nor MTX was associated with ILD-AE. In multivariate analyses, the UIP pattern was significantly associated with ILD-AE [odds ratio (OR) 2.55 (95% CI 1.05, 6.20), P = 0.038]. In the Cox proportional hazards model, the UIP pattern [hazard ratio (HR) 4.67 (95% CI 1.02, 21.45), P = 0.048] was significantly associated with death, while MTX use [HR 0.16 (95% CI 0.04, 0.72), P = 0.016] was significantly associated with survival.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that the UIP pattern is related to ILD-AE. Furthermore, both the UIP pattern and non-use of MTX might be related to death from ILD-AE in RA-ILD.
The Constant Gap: Parenthood Premiums in Sweden 1968–2010
Authors: Bygren Magnus , Gähler Michael , Magnusson Charlotta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe know that parenthood has different consequences for men’s and women’s careers. Still, the research remains inconclusive on the question of whether this is mainly a consequence of a fatherhood premium, a motherhood penalty, or both. A common assumption is that women fall behind in terms of pay when they become mothers.Based on longitudinal data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU), and individual fixed-effects models, we examine the support for this assumption by mapping the size of parenthood effects on wages during the years 1968–2010. During this period, Swedish women’s labor supply increased dramatically, dual-earner family policies were institutionalized, and society’s norms on the gendered division of labor changed. We describe the development of parenthood effects on wages during this transformative period.Our results indicate that both genders benefit from a gross parenthood premium, both at the beginning of the period and in recent years, but the size of this premium is larger for men. Individual fixed-effects models indicate that the wage premium is mainly the result of parents’ increased labor market investments. Controlling for these, women suffer from a small motherhood penalty early in the period under study whereas parenthood is unrelated to women’s wages in later years and to men’s wages throughout the period. Neither for men nor for women do we find a statistically significant period change in the parenthood effects. Instead, patterns are remarkably stable over time given the radical changes in family policies and norms that took place during the period examined.
Refinement of the Peroxidase Peptide Reactivity Assay and Prediction Model for Assessing Skin Sensitization Potential
Authors: Ryan Cindy A , Troutman John A , Kern Petra S , Quijano Mike , Dobson Roy L M , Jian Dai Hong , Burt Thomas M , Gerberick G Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA peptide reactivity assay with an activation component was developed for use in screening chemicals for skin sensitization potential. A horseradish peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide (HRP/P) oxidation system was incorporated into the assay for characterizing reactivity of hapten and pre-/prohapten sensitizers. The assay, named the Peroxidase Peptide Reactivity Assay (PPRA) had a predictive accuracy of 83% (relative to the local lymph node assay) with the original protocol and prediction model. However, apparent false positives attributed to cysteine depletion at relatively high chemical concentrations and, for some chemicals expected to react with the −NH2 group of lysine, little to no depletion of the lysine peptide were observed. To improve the PPRA, cysteine peptide reactions with and without HRP/P were modified by increasing the number of test concentrations and refining their range. In addition, removal of DL-dithiothreitol from the reaction without HRP/P increased cysteine depletion and improved detection of reactive aldehydes and thiazolines without compromising the assay’s ability to detect prohaptens. Modification of the lysine reaction mixture by changing the buffer from 0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 10.2) to 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and increasing the level of organic solvent from 1% to 25% resulted in increased lysine depletion for known lysine reactive chemicals. Refinement of the prediction model improved the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for hazard identification. These changes resulted in significant improvement of the PPRA making it is a reliable method for predicting the skin sensitization potential of all chemicals, including pre-/prohaptens and directly reactive haptens.
Brief Report: What Diagnostic Observation Can Teach Us About Disruptive Behavior in Young Children with Autism
Authors: Hampton Lauren H. , Roberts Megan Y. , Anderson Erica , Hobson Amanda N. , Kaat Aaron J. , Bishop Somer L. , Krogh-Jespersen Sheila , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Bevans Katherine B. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT:
Objective: Approximately 50% of children with autism exhibit severe tantrums, defiance, and/or aggression. We propose that the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS)—a standardized clinical observation modeled after, and complementary to, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)—could enhance earlier identification of disruptive behavior (DB) in autism populations and inform treatment planning. Methods: We adapted the DB-DOS for children with autism based on expert input and preliminary feasibility testing to accommodate varying cognitive and social communication capacities and increase the likelihood of observing DB in this population. Thereafter, we concurrently administered the modified DB-DOS and the ADOS to 12 children with autism aged 36 to 50 months. Results: Overall, children exhibited greater DB, especially behavioral regulation challenges, during the DB-DOS than during the ADOS. Conclusion: The use of a developmentally sensitive standardized observation tool that presses for DB to complement standardized observations such as the ADOS shows promise for enabling more precise research on targeted DB interventions. Such a tool holds promise as a reliable and efficient method of identifying comorbid DB disorders in the autism population.
Projected Cancer Risks to Residents of New Mexico from Exposure to Trinity Radioactive Fallout
Authors: Cahoon Elizabeth K. , Zhang Rui , Simon Steven L. , Bouville André , Pfeiffer Ruth M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Trinity nuclear test, conducted in 1945, exposed residents of New Mexico to varying degrees of radioactive fallout. Companion papers in this issue have detailed the results of a dose reconstruction that has estimated tissue-specific radiation absorbed doses to residents of New Mexico from internal and external exposure to radioactive fallout in the first year following the Trinity test when more than 90% of the lifetime dose was received. Estimated radiation doses depended on geographic location, race/ethnicity, and age at the time of the test. Here, these doses were applied to sex- and organ-specific risk coefficients (without applying a dose and dose rate effectiveness factor to extrapolate from a population with high-dose/high-dose rates to those with low-dose/low-dose rates) and combined with baseline cancer rates and published life tables to estimate and project the range of radiation-related excess cancers among 581,489 potentially exposed residents of New Mexico. The total lifetime baseline number of all solid cancers [excluding thyroid and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)] was estimated to be 183,000 from 1945 to 2034. Estimates of ranges of numbers of radiation-related excess cancers and corresponding attributable fractions from 1945 to 2034 incorporate various sources of uncertainty. We estimated 90% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of excess cancer cases to be 210 to 460 for all solid cancers (except thyroid cancer and NMSC), 80 to 530 for thyroid cancer, and up to 10 for leukemia (except chronic lymphocytic leukemia), with corresponding attributable fractions ranging from 0.12% to 0.25%, 3.6% to 20%, and 0.02% to 0.31%, respectively. In the counties of Guadalupe, Lincoln, San Miguel, Socorro, and Torrance, which received the greatest fallout deposition, the 90% UI for the projected fraction of thyroid cancers attributable to radioactive fallout from the Trinity test was estimated to be from 17% to 58%. Attributable fractions for cancer types varied by race/ethnicity, but 90% UIs overlapped for all race/ethnicity groups for each cancer grouping. Thus, most cancers that have occurred or will occur among persons exposed to Trinity fallout are likely to be cancers unrelated to exposures from the Trinity nuclear test. While these ranges are based on the most detailed dose reconstruction to date and rely largely on methods previously established through scientific committee agreement, challenges inherent in the dose estimation, and assumptions relied upon both in the risk projection and incorporation of uncertainty are important limitations in quantifying the range of radiation-related excess cancer risk.
Upregulation of miR-421 predicts poor prognosis and promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of papillary thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Dong Anbing , Zhang Jianhua , Sun Wenhai , Hua Hui , Sun Yinghe 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most frequent subtype of thyroid cancer (TC) with poor prognosis mainly due to the severe invasion and metastasis. As an oncogene, microRNA-421 (miR-421) is involved in the development of various cancers. This study was to investigate the clinical significance of miR-421 in PTC and its effects on the biological function of PTC cells.

Methods:
The expression level of miR-421 in all tissues and PTC cell lines was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Subsequently, the relationship between miR-421 expression and the clinicopathological feature was detected by chi-square analysis in 106 patients with PTC. In addition, Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to detect the survival time and the prognostic value of miR-421. Finally, the regulatory effect of miR-421 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of PTC cells was detected by Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8) and Transwell assay.

Results:
Compared with all control groups, the expression of miR-421 was significantly increased in 106 patients tissues and PTC cell lines (p < 0.001). In addition, patients with miR-421 upregulated in PTC showed more positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.011), positive tumor infiltration (p = 0.031), and TNM stage III/IV (p = 0.019), and when miR-421 expression level was elevated, the survival rate of PTC patients was poor (log-rank test, p = 0.023). Furthermore, miR-421 might be an independent prognostic biomarker for PTC (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.172, 95% CI = 1.071-9.393, p = 0.037). Finally, increased levels of miR-421 can significantly promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:
miR-421 is a novel oncogene of PTC and is a valuable prognostic biomarker. Moreover, the upregulation of miR-421 enhances the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PTC cells.
Ankle-Foot Orthoses Improve Standing and Walking in Severe Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Young Joshua 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are a well-recognized aspect of the rehabilitation of walking in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), but there is little evidence for the effectiveness of orthoses in GBS and little information on which orthotic designs should be used. This study reports on the use of flexible, semirigid, and rigid AFOs in a subject with GBS.

Materials and Methods
This study presents data from a single subject in the first 9 months after severe GBS. Outcome measures used include walking speed, timed independent standing, and self-reported confidence in standing and walking.

Results
Improvements in standing and walking were demonstrated with the use of custom rigid AFOs. Later on, similar performance was achieved using less rigid prefabricated AFOs. Self-reported confidence remained higher using custom rigid AFOs.

Conclusion
In one subject with severe GBS, different designs of AFOs improved the performance of standing and walking. Custom rigid AFOs may be a more appropriate prescription in the presence of severe weakness.
Cervical Stenosis: Previously Unrecognized Cause of False-Negative Human Papillomavirus Tests in Women Developing Cervical Cancer
Authors: Satturwar Swati , Zhao Chengquan , Austin Robert Marshall 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesCervical stenosis can jeopardize adequate posttreatment cytologic follow-up of patients treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions. An impact on human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has not been described.Materials and MethodsWe describe 2 patients with cervical stenosis, followed by cytology and HPV co-testing after excisions of high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions. Each had 1 or more co-test “double-negative” results. Hysterectomies revealed unexpected cervical carcinomas.ResultsIn case 1, an 80-year-old woman with complete cervical stenosis and earlier high-grade squamous dysplasia presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and an enlarged uterus. Attempted endometrial biopsy was unsuccessful. Cytology and HPV tests 9 months earlier were negative. Hysterectomy revealed a cervical squamous carcinoma. In case 2, a 40-year-old woman followed conservatively after excision of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ had 5 follow-up cytology and HPV co-tests. All were HPV negative. Elective hysterectomy revealed cervical adenocarcinoma. Both carcinomas tested HPV positive.ConclusionsCervical stenosis in women developing cervical cancer can cause misleading sampling and false-negative HPV test results.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between lateral rectus recession and medial rectus advancement for postoperative consecutive exotropia
Authors: Han So Young , Han Jinu , Lee Jong Bok , Han Sueng-Han 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To compare the surgical outcomes of medial rectus advancement and lateral rectus recession in postoperative consecutive exotropia with single-stage adjustable suture surgery.
Among 1003 patients who underwent bilateral medial rectus recession between November 1996 and March 2013, the patients who required surgery for consecutive exotopia were retrospectively reviewed. Nineteen patients underwent medial rectus advancement and 15 patients underwent lateral rectus recession. All patients underwent single-stage adjustable surgery under topical anesthesia and were followed up for at least 12 months.
The mean follow-up duration was 2.4 years. At final follow-up, a successful surgical outcome was found in 12 patients (63.0%) in the medial rectus advancement group and 14 patients (93.3%) in the lateral rectus recession group (P = .039). The change in ocular deviation was correlated with the amount of recession (P = .008) and preoperative angle (P < .001) in the lateral rectus recession group.
Lateral rectus recession showed a higher success rate with predictable and easily performed procedure than medial rectus advancement for the treatment of postoperative consecutive exotropia with adjustable suture.