bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollution Control for Nature Surface Water&nbsp;
Authors: Fakron Malik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The huge amounts of pollutants in nature surface water in. This contaminates due to different operations in surface water. During the past fifty years, increasing attention has centered on the discharge of sewage into coastal waters. This practice has been widely criticized on the grounds that sewage-polluted seawater is a health hazard to bathers. The pollution of the surface water is becoming more and more serious. The marine environment has undergone great changes. This research is presented two methods to control pollution and rehabilitation environment. First method by using temporary floating a waterfall for removing containment from the surface water and reducing concentration total suspended matter in surface water and reducing concentrations for phosphate, nitrogen, organic carbon. Second method by using towed rotating biological contactors to reducing concentrations for phosphate, nitrogen, and organic carbon. To control effects of algae bloom occurs. These two methods are converted to heterogeneous reactor with solid catalysts; this reactor is multi step treatment. First step is screening and second step is solid catalyst bed reactor. As waterfall or towed rotating biological contactor is multi bed reactor. The water quality assessment for selection best scheme for enhancement water quality for surface water is based on acceptable japan environmental ministry guidelines for surface water quality level for bathing.
Evaluating the effectiveness of local materials for the wild oyster (Crassostrea tulipa&nbsp;Lamarck, 1819) spat collection in four coastal waterbodies in Ghana
Authors: Chuku Ernest Obeng , Yankson Kobina , Obodai Edward Adzesiwor , Acheampong Emmanuel , Boahemaa-Kobil Eunice Efua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The West African mangrove oyster, Crassostrea tulipa (Lamarck, 1819), has the potential to improve global shellfish food production and is being considered for commercial farming in many countries in West Africa. The current background information to support this venture is, however, inadequate especially with respect to identification of suitable materials for optimal collection of spat for large-scale production. We assessed the effectiveness of five locally available materials (coconut shell, oyster shell, nylon mesh, PVC, and ceramic tile) for harvesting C. tulipa spat from the Densu Delta, Narkwa Lagoon, Benya Lagoon and Whin Estuary, along the coast of Ghana from November 2017 to October 2018. Ceramic tile had the highest mean monthly spat settlement in the Narkwa Lagoon (3451 ± 206 spat m-2), Benya Lagoon (1769 ± 145 spat m-2) and Whin Estuary (373.1 ± 52.4 spat m-2). This settlement was not significantly different from settlement on PVC slats (P > 0.05). Coconut shell consistently had the least C. tulipa spatfall in all four coastal water bodies (P < 0.05). The under-horizontal surfaces of collectors, [mean (S.E.); 2523.7 ± 66.9 spat m-2] had significantly more C. tulipa spatfall than upper-horizontal surfaces [mean (S.E.); 775.2 ± 33.4 spat m-2] in the main experiment (P = 0.000). In a separate experiment, a change of orientation from “Face down”/0° to “Face up”/180° did not change the observed profuse under-horizontal settlement of C. tulipa spat on the collectors, suggesting that under-horizontal surfaces were more attractive to C. tulipa spat. Larger-sized C. tulipa spat on under-horizontal surfaces, mean (S.E.) 9.88 ± 0.5 mm, compared to upper-horizontal surfaces, mean (S.E.) 5.99 ± 0.5 mm, of the collectors suggest earlier settlement on the undersides. Ceramic tiles and PVC slats were the most effective materials for C. tulipa spat collection, hence, their use recommended for large-scale C. tulipa farming.
Are "fibrosis-like" strips on chest CT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia true fibrosis?
Authors: Sun Qiulian , Xu Xinjian , Yang Hai , Wang Guanliang , Li Jingjing , Wu Juan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the evolution and characteristics of "fibrosis-like" strips on chest CT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods: From January 17, 2020, to February 27, 2020, inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia in Enze Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, were selected. The chest CT data of the patients were collected, and patients were included in the present study according to the predefined inclusion criteria. The dynamic evolution process and outcome of "fibrosis-like" strips on chest CT were analyzed.Results: A total of 36 patients (20 males and 16 females) with COVID-19 were included in the study, all of whom were diagnosed with mild or common COVID-19; "fibrosis-like" strips were observed in 29 patients (80.6%) on the first chest CT scan, and "fibrosis-like" strips were observed in 7 patients (19.4%) on the second chest CT scan, Repeated chest CT during the course of treatment showed that all patients with "fibrosis-like" strips had varying degrees of absorption. "Fibrosis-like" strips in 15 patients demonstrated a trend of first increasing in number, and then decreasing in number; "fibrosis-like" strips in 3 patients demonstrated a trend of first decreasing in number first, followed by an increase in number and then a decrease in number; and "fibrosis-like" strips in 18 patients demonstrated a trend of a gradual decrease in number. Follow-up chest CT after treatment showed that "fibrosis-like" strips in 15 patients completely disappeared in both lungs, and "fibrosis-like" strips completely disappeared in unilateral lung of 8 cases.Conclusion: In the present study, we observed that "fibrosis-like" strips in COVID-19 patients had characteristics of early appearance and rapid morphological changes as well as rapid absorption, suggesting that "fibrosis-like" strips may be a sign of subsegmental atelectasis rather than fibrotic changes.
MiR-223 improves intestinal inﬂammation through inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in dextran sodium sulfate-induced experimental colitis
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Wang Chenyang , Guo Zhen , Da Binlin , Zhu Weiming , Li Qiurong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been clarified and is closely related to several proinflammatory factors. MicroRNA-233 (miR-223) might be involved in the development of IBD; however, the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we attempted to determine the role of miR-223 in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and explore the involvement of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in the development of intestinal mucosal inflammation.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: control (WT) group, DSS group, DSS+miR-223 agomir (DSS+A) group, DSS+miR-223 agomir negative control (DSS+A+NC) group, DSS+miR-223 antagomir (DSS+AN) group and DSS+miR-223 antagomir negative control (DSS+AN+NC) group. Body weight, stool consistency, fecal blood and the disease activity index (DAI) score were recorded daily. The length of each colon was measured, and colonic inflammation was evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and histopathological scoring. The expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the colonic tissues was measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The mRNA expression of gp130, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in the colon was measured using RT-qPCR. The colonic levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 were determined by Western blotting.Results: MiR-223 expression in the terminal ileum and colon was increased in the DSS group compared with the WT group. Colitis symptoms were significantly alleviated in the DSS+A group and exacerbated in the DSS+AN group after administration of the miR-223 agomir and antagomir, respectively. MPO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 were decreased and IL-10 was increased in the DSS+A group, but these changes were reversed in the DSS+AN group. Gp130 mRNA, p-STAT3, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in the colon declined in the DSS+A group, but these levels increased in the DSS+AN group.Conclusion: The upregulation of miR-223 by agomir administration alleviated colonic inflammation in a DSS-induced colitis model, which was likely mediated by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines via the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that miR-223 might have potential therapeutic implications in IBD.
Practice of Coronavirus Disease-19 Prevention Methods and Associated Factors in Three Zones of Southwest Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wondimu Wondimagegn , Ejigu Amare Genetu , Mekonen Mengistu Ayenew , Weldu Angesom , Asmare Wondwossen Niguse , Geremew Mesfin , Manaye Gizachew Ayele , Berchedi Ashenafi Asefa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an emerging contagious respiratory infection that brings a big puzzle to global health. In Ethiopia, the number of cases and related deaths are increasing exponentially. Prevention is currently available effective management, and its implementation has not been assessed adequately.Objective To assess the COVID-19 prevention practices in three zones of Southwest Ethiopia.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bench Sheko, Kafa, and West Omo zones. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 845 study participants. The data collection tool was adapted from the WHO resources and related literature. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Participants who scored at least a mean score of practice questions were categorized as having good practice. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with the practice.Results In this study, 803 participants participated. About two-thirds (64.7%) of the respondents had a history of going to crowded places, while only 30.3% of the participants had a history of wearing a mask when leaving home. Two-thirds of the respondents had a history of maintaining their distance at 2 meters (64.4%) and washing their hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers (64.8%). Generally, less than two-thirds (59.4%) of study participants had a good practice of COVID-19 prevention methods. Urban residence, good knowledge, positive attitude, intention to seek care, and perceived mortality were positively associated with good practice.Conclusion The proportion of individuals who had good COVID-19 prevention practices was inadequate. For such highly infectious diseases, prevention should be the priority intervention, and improving its implementation needs further effort. Community-based interventions such as risk communication and mass education should center on scaling up community knowledge and practice by prioritizing vulnerable groups such as rural residents.
Trade Integration Indonesia-ASEAN4 in AEC Era: A Case of Wood-based Products
Authors: Tan Pauline Henriette Pattyranie 
Published: September 2020

The research was conducted to find out the level integration intensity using Grubel-Lloyd index. Moreover, since Horizontal and Vertical Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) could be distinguished, it was important to find out whether Indonesia-ASEAN4 IIT of wood-based products was in one of these categories. The Hufbauer index had been used as the measurement of product differentiation. Therefore, it could be the basic information for taking policy to boost Indonesia-ASEAN IIT for this industry. The data used comprise annual statistics of wood-based product export and import between Indonesia and ASEAN4 from 2010 to 2016 which were divided into eight categories of five digits ISIC. The Grubel-Lloyd index result shows that only ISIC 16102 has achieved strong integration, the others are still in mild and even weak integration. The Hufbauer index results show that all the values approached to zero, indicated that overall wood-based products traded by Indonesia-ASEAN4 are horizontally differentiated.
Saberes geográficos e Geografia institucional: relações luso-brasileiras no século XX
Authors: Gaspar Silva Diogo 
Published: September 2020

Resenha de livro, realizado no âmbito do convénio FCT/CAPES denominado «Saberes geográficos e Geografia institucional: influência e relações recíprocas entre Portugal e o Brasil no século XX» e que agregou académicos do Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e da Universidade Federal Fluminense.

OLIVEIRA, F. R.; PAIVA, D. Saberes geográficos e Geografia institucional: relações luso-brasileiras no século XX. Lisboa: Centro de Estudos Geográficos, 2019.
A Rapid and Specific HPLC Method to Determine Chemical and Radiochemical Purity of [68>Ga]Ga-DOTA-Pentixafor (PET) Tracer: Development and Validation
Authors: Migliari Silvia , Sammartano Antonino , Scarlattei Maura , Baldari Giorgio , Silva Claudia , Ruffini Livia 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Due to its overexpression in a variety of tumor types, the chemokine receptor
4 (CXCR4) represents a highly relevant diagnostic and therapeutic target in nuclear oncology.
Recently, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Pentixafor has emerged as an excellent imaging agent for positron emission
tomography (PET) of CXCR4 expression in vivo.

:
Preparation conditions may influence the quality and in vivo behaviour of this tracer and no standard
procedure for the quality controls (QCs) is available.

Objective:
The developed analytical test method was validated because a specific monograph in
the Pharmacopoeia is not available for [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Pentixafor.

Method:
A stepwise approach was used based on the quality by design (QbD) concept of the ICH
Q2 (R1) and Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development) guidelines in accordance with the regulations and
requirements of EANM, SNM, IAEA and WHO.

Results:
The purity and quality of the radiopharmaceutical obtained according to the proposed
method were found to be high enough to safely administrate it to patients. Excellent linearity was
found between 0.5 and 4 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r2) for calibration curves being
equal to 0.999, the average coefficient of variation (CV%) < 2% and average bias% that did not deviate
more than 5% for all concentrations.

Conclusion:
This study developed a new rapid and simple HPLC method of analysis for the routine
QCs of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Pentixafor to guarantee the high quality of the finished product before
release.
Designing an Outer Membrane Protein (Omp-W) Based Vaccine for Immunization against Vibrio and Salmonella: An in silico Approach
Authors: Tehrani Sadra S. , Jahangiri Abolfazl , Taheri-Anganeh Mortaza , Maghsoudi Hossein , Khalili Saeed , Fana Saeed E. , Maniati Mahmood , Amani Jafar 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Cholera triggered by Vibrio cholerae remains the main reason for
morbidity and mortality all over the world. In addition, salmonellosis is regarded as an infectious
disease that makes it essential for the identification and detection of Salmonella.
With a beta-barrel structure consisting of eight non-parallel beta strands, OmpW family is
widely distributed among gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, OmpW isolated from
S. typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae can be used in vaccine design.

Methods:
Topology prediction was determined. T-cell and B-cell epitopes were selected
from exposed areas, and sequence conservancy was evaluated. The remaining loops and
inaccessible residues were removed to prepare OmpW-1. High antigenicity peptides were
detected to replace inappropriate residues to obtain OmpW-2. Physicochemical properties
were assessed, and antigenicity, hydrophobicity, flexibility, and accessibility were compared
to the native Omp-W structure. Low score areas were removed from the designed
structure for preparing the OmpW-3. To construct OmpW-4, TTFrC was used as T-CD4+
cell-stimulating factor and CTB as adjuvant to the end of the C-terminal of this sequence,
which can increase the antigenicity and sequence density. The sequences were re-analyzed
to delete the unfavorable residues. Besides, the solubility of the mature OmpW and the designed
structure were predicted while overexpressed in E. coli.

Results:
The designed vaccine is a stable protein which has immune cells recognizing epitopes and is considered as an
antigen. The construct can be overexpressed in a E. coli.

Conclusion:
The multi-epitope vaccine is a suitable stimulator for immune system and would be a candidate for
experimental research. Recent patents describing numerous inventions related to the clinical facets of vaccine peptide
against human infectious disease.
<b>A PIRATARIA MARÍTIMA ENQUANTO AMEAÇA ECONÔMICA INTERNACIONAL E SUA POSSIVEL CARACTERIZAÇÃO COMO AVARIA GROSSA</b><br/>THE MARITIME PIRACY AS AN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC THREAT AND ITS POSSIBLE CHARACTERIZATION AS GROSS AVERAGE
Authors: Campos Ingrid Zanella Andrade , Cantarelli Margarida de Oliveira 
Published: September 2020

A pirataria enquanto prática proibida internacionalmente representa um risco à segurança da navegação, com consequências diretas nos custos do tráfego marítimo. Inclusive, pois, no Brasil não há norma específica que trate da pirataria marítima, desta forma, esses atos podem ser considerados como atos ilícitos internos, com tipificação no Código Penal, e até como avaria grossa, de acordo com o Código Comercial Brasileiro. O problema principal deste trabalho é a possibilidade de caracterização da pirataria enquanto avaria grossa, bem como a definição dos impactos no mercado da prática da pirataria. Portanto, caso considerada como uma causa de avaria grossa, seria possível envolver a responsabilidade de todos os atores da navegação, como navio, carga e frete, com repercussão econômica nos contratos marítimos e relações privadas. O artigo foi elaborado seguindo o método dedutivo, partindo-se das premissas até a conclusão. A constatação da veracidade das premissas permite atestar, pelos encadeamentos lógicos realizados com argumentos condicionais, a verdade da conclusão. Desta forma, os atos praticados em decorrência de pirataria podem ser caracterizados como avaria grossa, considerando que haverá sacrifício e/ou despesa extraordinários, de forma intencional e razoavelmente efetuado ou incorrido para a segurança comum, com o propósito de preservar de perigo a propriedade envolvida em uma aventura marítima comum.
Korelasi Genotip-Fenotip Pasien Talasemia Beta Di Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur Tahun 2019
Authors: Susanto Zaenal Adi , Siswandari Wahyu , Rujito Lantip 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that is autosomal recessive and is quite common throughout the world. This study aims to determine the relationship of Hemoglobin beta (HBB) gene mutations types with clinical levels and hematological in the subjects of 31 thalassemia-beta patients in Samarinda City. Blood samples were taken from patients to obtain their DNA then amplified them with the Polymerase Chain Reaction and direct sequencing techniques to analyze the hemoglobin-beta gene mutation. Javanese ethnics is the most dominant in this study (64.5%) and the most common clinical levels is the moderate category (77.4%). The mean MCV and MCH values were 72±5,5 fL and 24±3,3 pg. DNA analysis found 8 types of mutant alleles including 48.4% of Cd26 / HbE (GAG>AAG), 14.5% of IVS-1-5 (G>C) 12.9% of IVS-1-2 (T>C, ,8.1% of Cd35 (-C) , 6.5% of IVS-1-1 (G>T) 3.2% of Cd30 (AGG>ACG) , Cd60 (GTG>GAG) and Cd2 (CAT>CAC ) are 1.6% each. This study found mutations that had not been previously reported in Indonesia, namely Cd60 (GTG>GAG) and Cd2 (CAT>CAC). Spearman rank statistical tests show there is no significant relationship between the two studied variables.
Keyword: Beta-thalassemia mutation, Clinical levels, Hematological
Abstrak
Talasemia merupakan salah satu kelainan darah genetik yang bersifat autosomal resesif dan cukup banyak ditemui di seluruh dunia. Diperkirakan 3-10 persen masyarakat Indonesia adalah pembawa sifat talasemia dengan berbagai macam latar belakang etnik. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan jenis mutasi gen hemoglobin beta (HBB) dengan derajat klinis dan pemeriksaan darah pada 31 pasien talasemia-beta di Kota Samarinda Provinsi Kalimantan Timur pada bulan Mei tahun 2019. Sampel darah pasien diambil untuk memperoleh DNA kemudian dilakukan amplifikasi dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction dan dilakukan teknik direct sekuensing untuk menganalisis mutasi gen hemoglobin-beta. Etnik Jawa merupakan yang dominan dalam penelitian ini (64,5%) dan derajat klinis paling umum adalah kategori sedang (77,4%). Rerata nilai MCV dan MCH masing-masing adalah 72±5,5 fL dan 24±3,3 pg. Analisa DNA didapatkan 8 jenis alel mutan yaitu Cd26/HbE (GAG>AAG) 48,4% selanjutnya IVS-1-5 (G>C) 14,5%, IVS-1-2 (T>C) 12,9%, Cd35 (-C) 8,1%, IVS-1-1 (G>T) 6,5%, Cd30 (AGG>ACG) 3,2%, Cd60 (GTG>GAG) dan Cd2 (CAT>CAC) masing-masing 1,6%. Studi ini menemukan mutasi yang belum dilaporkan pada penelitian sebelumnya di Indonesia yaitu Cd60 (GTG>GAG) dan Cd2 (CAT>CAC). Uji statistik spearman rank menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara ke dua variabel yang diteliti.
Kata kunci: Mutasi talasemia beta, Derajat klinis, Hematologis
Evaluasi Keunggulan Tes Cepat Molekuler dengan Xpert MTB/ RIF Dibanding dengan Uji Mikroskopis dalam Mendiagnosis Tuberkulosis di Indonesia Tahun 2018
Authors: Simarmata Oster Suriani , Lolong Dina Bisara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a severe health issue worldwide which is one of the death leading causes, particularly in developing countries including Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the superiority of the molecular diagnostic test with Xpert MTB/RIF compared to the microscopic test in 44 health facilities in Indonesia in 2018. The results revealed that the Xpert MTB/RIF test could detect 31,9% positive TB from 33,630 suspected cases. The Xpert MTB/RIF were also able to detect 16.7% positive samples from 5.491 samples which were previously negative tested by microscopic technique. The positive TB was dominated by the male in the age group of 15 to 54 years. Moreover, Xpert MTB/RIF test could examine the not-sputum samples of 0.16% (52 of 33,630 samples), which 9 samples of them were positive TB (17.3%). These positive TB samples were derived from gastric fluid (77.8%), pleural fluid (11.1%), and lymph node aspiration (11.1%), which majority were from children under 15 years old. This study concluded that the superiority of TCM test included its sensitivity to detect positive TB in resistant rifampicin cases, to identify the existence of MTB resistant to rifampicin drugs simultaneously and to detect the MTB with the non-sputum samples.
Keywords: evaluation, TB, Xpert MTB/RIF test
Abstrak
Tuberkulosis (TB) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang serius dan penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia terutama di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi keunggulan pemeriksaan diagnostik Tes Cepat Molekuler (TCM) Xpert MTB/RIF dibanding dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis di 44 fasilitas kesehatan di Indonesia tahun 2018. Hasil pemeriksaan TCM dengan Xpert MTB/RIF dari 33.630 terduga TB terdapat TB positif sebesar 31,9%. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis dengan hasil negatif sebanyak 5.491 terduga TB yang juga diperiksa TCM dengan Xpert MTB/RIF terdapat hasil TB positif sebesar 16,7%. Hasil TB positif tersebut didominasi kelompok umur 15-54 tahun dan laki-laki. Pemeriksaan TCM ini juga mampu memeriksa spesimen bukan sputum sebesar 0,16% dan hasilnya 9 di antaranya adalah TB positif (17,3%). Spesimen TB positif ini berasal dari bilasan/ aspirasi cairan lambung 77,8% (7 dari 9 spesimen), cairan pleura 11,1% (1 dari 9 spesimen) dan aspirasi limfonodus 11,1% (1 dari 9 spesimen). Dilihat dari kelompok umur lebih dari separuh spesimen bukan sputum ini berasal dari anak <15 tahun. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa TCM dengan Xpert MTB/RIF lebih unggul daripada pemeriksaan mikroskopis karena sensitivitasnya pada rifampisin sensitif maupun resisten, mampu mengidentifikasi keberadaan MTB yang resisten obat rifampisin secara bersamaan serta sampel bukan-sputum.
Kata kunci: Evaluasi, TB, Tes Cepat Molekuler dengan Xpert MTB/RIF