bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of In Vitro Antidiabetic Potential of Purified Anthocyanin Extract from Floral Petals of Wild Balsam Species
Authors: ARATHY R , MURUGAN K , DINESH BABU KV , MANOJ GS 
Published: May 2020

Diabetes is a notorious and growing clinical and public health issue. The International Diabetes Federation assumes that 592 million had diabetes by 2035 and that by 2040 the number will increase to 642 million. Cardiovascular corollary accounts for four million deaths annually attributable to diabetes. Evidence reveals that certain glucose-lowering phytochemicals can improve vascular outcomes with type 2 diabetes, which, together with better understanding of using multiple therapies concurrently, offers opportunities for beneficial personalization of medication regimens. Anthocyanins are coloured pigments and are natural antioxidants. Keeping this in focus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity in the petals of wild Impatiens balsamina L. The anthocyanin was extracted from floral petals of wild balsam species and purified to homogeneity using chromatographic techniques. Evaluation of in vitro antidiabetic properties of anthocyanin extract revealed a dose-dependent increase in the inhibitory effect on the alpha-glucosidase (200 μg/ml) and alpha-amylase enzymes (500 μg/ml) and was comparable with the standard acarbose drug (189 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml). These results indicated that anthocyanin could be used as a source of functional food and nutraceuticals. This information from wild species will be useful in finding more potent antidiabetic principle from the natural resources for the clinical development of antidiabetic therapeutics. Future studies are planned to substantiate the antidiabetic power of anthocyanin using in vivo animal models.
Keywords: Alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase, diabetes, herbal remedies, Impatiens balsamina L.
Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Crude Extract of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Annona senegalensis Pers
Authors: Onah A. Ikechukwu , Kenechukwu C. Franklin , Berebon P. Dinebari , Agboke A. Akeem , Ibezim E. Chinedum , Attama A. Anthony 
Published: May 2020

Establishment of safety and toxicity profiles of metabolites of endophytic organisms from known medicinal plants are crucial in their pharmacological and biological applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral acute toxicity (LD50) of crude extract of endophytic fungi isolated from Annona senegalensis Pers. The endophytic fungal metabolite was extracted with ethyl acetate. The LD50 was estimated following the method described by Lorke. Three dose levels (10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg) of the crude extract were administered to three mice each for the first phase using oral gavage needle in a single dose disposable syringe. The animals were observed for possible deaths or other side effects of the test substance in each group within 24 hours of the treatment. In the second phase, which was deduced from the first phase, eight mice were sub-divided into four groups of two mice each and they were treated with doses of 1200, 1600, 2900 and 5000 mg/kg orally. They were also observed within 24 hours and final LD50 value was determined. Results showed that the endophytic fungal extract exhibited no mortality or any histological defect in the liver tissues of the mice. More so, the immunological parameter tested showed significant increase in neutrophils and lymphocytes relative to the control in all the fungal isolates. Additionally, the LD50 for the crude metabolites was > 5000 mg/kg. This study has revealed that crude extract of endophytic fungi isolated from Annona senegalensis Pers did not show oral acute toxicity in mice. Further studies will evaluate long term-toxicity of the crude extract.
Keywords: Endophytes, LD50, Annona senegalensis, Metabolites, Fungi
Utilization pattern of antibiotics and drug related problems in the orthopedic department at a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study
Authors: Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Alam Kadir , Sah Anil Kumar , Sarraf Deependra Prasad 
Published: May 2020

Background: Antibiotics are generally prescribed for both prophylactically and to treat ongoing infections in the orthopedic department. Assessment of prescribing pattern at regular interval is essential to avoid inappropriate use of drugs.
Objectives: To know the utilization pattern of antibiotics and drug related problems like adverse drug reactions (ADR) and drug-drug interactions (DDI) in hospitalized patients.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalized patients using WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) methodology for one month duration in orthopedic department at a tertiary hospital. Standard data collection forms were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used for analyzing the data.
Results: Out of 196, most of patients (72.96%) were male and most of patients (34.69%) were from the age group 21-30 years. A total of 782 drugs were prescribed during study period and among them 262 were antibiotics. None of the drugs were prescribed in generic name. Ceftriaxone (33.58%) was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. Average cost of drug therapy per patient was NPR 3125.7. DDD/100 bed-days were highest for Cefixime (27.9). A total of 233 ADRs were suspected in 64 patients (32.6%). Thrombophlebitis (26.2%) was the commonest ADR. Potential DDI were found in 51 patients (26.02%). The most common interacting pairs were Cefuroxime and Rabeprazole (15 encounters).
Conclusion: Generic prescribing is urgently needed for cost minimization. The prevalence rate of ADR occurrence and DDI was high. The study finding benefits the hospital policy makers to formulate and address policies for rational use of antibiotics.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Reactions; Antibiotics; Cost; Drug Utilization; Drug-Drug interaction
Antihyperglycemic activity of total extract and fractions of Anogeissus leiocarpus
Authors: MOTTO Enam Aku , Lawson-Evi Povi , Kantati Yendube , Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie , Aklikokou Kodjo , Gbeassor Messanvi 
Published: May 2020

Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used by traditional practitioners to treat people living with diabetes mellitus in Togo. The objective of this work was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of the plant. The hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of A. leiocarpus roots was evaluated on hyperglycemic mice by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and on normoglycemic mice. The effect of the total extract and fractions was also measured on the adsorption and absorption of glucose respectively in vitro and ex vivo. At 30 minutes after glucose overload, the total extract and all fractions (supernatant and pellet) significantly (p< 0.0001) reduced hyperglycemia compared to controls. However, this reduction in hyperglycemia was greater in mice treated with the supernatant fraction at 100 mg.kg-1 during 180 minutes (p < 0.01). In our conditions, the extract at the 500 mg.kg-1 of the total extract in normoglycemic mice did not significantly decrease (p>0.05) basal blood glucose levels compared to controls. In vitro, the extract and fractions of A. leiocarpus adsorbed glucose and inhibited glucose intestinal absorption ex vivo. The results of this study support the use of A. leiocarpus as an antidiabetic plant.
Keywords: Anogeissus leiocarpus- fractions- antihyperglycemic- adsorption – absorption.
Formulation and Evaluation of Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Loaded Alginate Microbeads
Authors: Dahima Rashmi 
Published: May 2020

Multiple unit dosage forms such as microbeads have increased acceptance because of added even spreading of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, unvarying drug absorption, abridged local irritation and removal of undesirable intestinal retaining of polymeric material, when compared to non-disintegrating single unit dosage form. The purpose of the presented research is to develop microbeads of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride utilizing sodium alginate as the hydrophilic carrier in combination with HPMC as drug release modifier to lessen the dosing frequency and thereby advance the patient compliance. The microbeads were formulated by varying concentrations of HPMC and calcium chloride. The optimum formulation was chosen based upon in vitro drug release studies and further evaluated. The compatibility of drug-polymer was studied using FTIR analysis. The prepared formulation underwent evaluation for various parameters like drug entrapment, microbeads size, swelling index, mucoadhesive property and stability. No significant drug-polymer interactions were observed in compatibility studies and the formulation was found to be stable on 45 days storage. The formulations exhibited an extended drug release pattern which was the ultimate aim of the study. The microbeads represented good yield, high drug entrapment, low microbeads size and appropriate swelling property. The in vitro wash-off test indicated that the sodium alginate microbeads represent decent mucoadhesive properties. Henceforth, the formulated HPMC coated sodium alginate beads can be utilized as a substitute and cost-effective carrier for the oral controlled delivery of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride.
Keywords: microbeads, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, sodium alginate, drug release
Antioxidant chlorophyll purification from maize leaves by liquid-to-liquid extraction method
Authors: Cuong Dang Xuan 
Published: May 2020

Chlorophyll is the blood of plant possesses a medical-value for treating support of disease in human, and the paper focused on the purification of antioxidant chlorophyll extracting from maize leaves in Vietnam. Chlorophyll was extracted with 96% ethanol and segmented by different solvents, for example, n-hexane, 96% ethanol, and ethyl acetate, respectively. Ethanol fraction was running via the chromatography column of silica gel for collecting antioxidant purified chlorophyll. All fractions were analysed chlorophyll content, antioxidant activities (total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity) and run the thin layer chromatography for determining the chlorophyll purification degree and the Rf. The results showed that the purification of antioxidant chlorophyll from maize leaves was by using the liquid-liquid segment and the column run, for example, in turn, ethanol, n-hexane, ethanol, and the silica gel chromatography. The highest value of chlorophyll content, total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 0.563±0.003 µg chl equivalent/ml, 1.392±0.018 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/ml, 3.396±0,024 mg FeSO4/ml, and 76.34±0.81 (%), respectively, as the n-hexane/ethanol ratio of 1/1 (v/v). After the chromatography run, chlorophyll content, total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity corresponded to 0.217±0.002 µg chl equivalent/ml, 0.628±0.013 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/ml, 1.928±0.019 mg FeSO4/ml, and 77.19±0.58 (%), respectively.
Keywords: antioxidant, chlorophyll, maize, purification, liquid-to-liquid
Adsorção de cromo hexavalente usando rejeito de beneficiamento de carvão em modelo de batelada e coluna de leito fixo
Authors: Nunes Keila Guerra Pacheco , Batistel Nathali Ribeiro , Barbosa Dafne , Rosa Ivan Reis , Davila Ivone Vanessa Jurado , Féris Liliana Amaral 
Published: May 2020

The objective of this work is to utilize a coal beneficiation tailing from Moatize (Mozambique) for the adsorption of hexavalent chromium from water in batch model and fixed bed column. Coal waste was used in particle size between 0.7 and 1.5 mm. The effects of pH, contact time and solid adsorbent concentration were analyzed by batch experiments. The results indicated that it was possible to obtain 98.6% of removal under the experimental conditions of pH 2, 10 h of process and 8 g.L-1 of solid adsorbent. From these experimental results, equilibrium isotherms were build and Langmuir and Sips models presented a better fit to the experimental data. The adsorption of chromium hexavalent from aqueous solution onto coal waste was investigated in a fixed bed column at 298 K. The effects of the inlet concentration, feed flow rate, bed depth on adsorption were investigated. In general, the evaluated parameters improved as a results increase in a Z (bed deep) and decreases in Q (feed flow rate). These performance metrics also improved as C0 (inlet concentration) was increased.
ЗООНИМ «МЕДВЕДЬ» В МАРИЙСКИХ НАРОДНЫХ ИГРАХ
Authors: Klyucheva Maria 
Published: May 2020

В статье рассматриваются традиционные марийские игры в жмурки и догонялки, в которых водящий называется медведем. Устанавливается ареал распространения этих игр, их сезонная и обрядовая приуроченность, а также соответствия этому образу в играх финно-угорских народов, тюрков и русских Урало-Поволжья. В научный оборот вводится ранее не публиковавшийся материал из рукописного архива МарНИИЯЛИ. Статья включает очерк этимологии марийского маска ‘медведь’, разбираются имеющиеся версии и излагаются дополнительные данные, в том числе: указание на соответствие марийского названия медведя (основные диалектные формы маска, маська, мäскä; мескä > мöскä) русским диалектным словам, означающим овцу (маська, миська). Такая логика наименования объясняется запретом слов, означающих диких животных, и метонимическим сдвигом семантики (овца – шерсть – медведь). Анализируется структура связи между марийским зоонимом (историческая форма – аба маска ‘медведь’) и именем типологически сходного персонажа в башкирской игре – мǝскǝй-əбей ‘баба-яга’.The article deals with the traditional Mari games like hide and seek and blind man’s buff in which the catching man is called a bear. The distribution area of these games, their seasonal and ritual timing is detected. A previously unpublished material from the manuscript archive of MarSRILLH (Yoshkar- Ola) is introduced.The correspondences to this character in the games of the Finno-Ugric peoples, Turks and Russians of the Ural-Volga region are established. The article includes an analysis of the etymology of the Mari word maskа ‘bear’, examines the available versions and sets out additional data, including an indication of the correspondence of the Mari bear name (the main dialect forms maska, mas’ka > mäskä; meskä> möskä) to Russian dialect words meaning sheep (mas’ka, mis’ka). Such a naming logic is explained by the prohibition of words meaning wild animals and the metonymic shift of semantics (sheep – wool – bear). The structure of the relationship between this Mari zoonym (historical form aba maska ‘bear’) and the name of a typologically similar character in the Bashkir game – mäskäi-äbei ‘grandma glutton’ is analyzed.
Radios Universitarias españolas y pandemia
Authors: Milito Carlos 
Published: May 2020

Entrevista a Daniel Martín-Pena, Doctor en Comunicación por la Universidad de Huelva (España) y Máster en Comunicación y Educación Audiovisual por esa misma Universidad. Licenciado en Comunicación Audiovisual por la Universidad de Extremadura (España).
Profesor acreditado Contratado Doctor de la Universidad de Extremadura. Impartiendo docencia a tiempo completo en los grados de Comunicación Audiovisual, Periodismo e Información y Documentación.
Director de OndaCampus RadioTv de la UEx desde su creación en 2004. Presidente de la Asociación de Radios Universitarias de España (ARU) y Presidente de RIU (Radio Internacional Universitarias, Red de Redes). Ha impartido conferencias sobre el fenómeno de las radios universitarias en Italia, Francia, Portugal, Argentina, México, Costa Rica, Paraguay y Colombia realizando estancias de investigación en varias universidades latinoamericanas. Ha sido editor de los libros: “Las radios universitarias en América y Europa” y “Las radios universitarias, más allá de la radio: las TIC como recursos de interacción radiofónica. Además coautor de varios que son referente en la materia de la radio y la divulgación de la ciencia: “La radio universitaria. Gestión de la información, análisis y modelos de organización” (2016), “La divulgación científica Estructuras y prácticas en las universidades” (2017) y “Divulgación científica y función social en las universidades” (2018). Codirector de varios trabajos Fin de Grado y de tesis en producción, así como miembro de tribunal de varias tesis relacionadas con el fenómeno de las radios universitarias.
Voces que relatan el virus
Authors: Marzetti Jorge , Recabarren Natalia 
Published: May 2020

Hay formas de contar las pandemias, hubo muchas en la historia. Podemos mencionar a la peste negra en la Edad Media y recordar las enfermedades que vinieron de Europa y arrasaron con la población nativa de América en tiempos de la conquista. Más recientemente, se traen los ejemplos de la gripe española (1918-1919), la gripe asiática (1957), la gripe de Hong Kong (1968), el VIH / sida (desde la década de 1980), la gripe porcina AH1N1 (2009), el SARS (2002), el ébola (2014), el MERS (coronavirus, 2015) y ahora el Covid-19.
Desde Question/Cuestión decidimos compartir fragmentos de “La peste”, de Albert Camus, publicada en 1947 y de “La peste escarlata” de Jack London, publicada en 1912.
A rare type 4 phenotype of Machado–Joseph disease with Parkinsonism
Authors: Narasimha Gunturu Lakshmi 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Machado–Joseph Disease (MJD) also known as Spinocerebellar Ataxia3 or Azorean ataxia is a progressive autosomal dominant neurological disorder which affects cerebellum and its function that leads to ataxia and incoordination of gait.

Case Presentation:
A 20-year old male presented with chief complaints of abnormal posturing of both lower and upper limbs, slurred speech, and a nasal regurgitation. Neurological examination revealed gaze evoked nystagmus, spasticity in both lower limbs which are indicative signs of cerebellar dysfunction. Genomic DNA analysis was performed, and patient condition was diagnosed as MJD with Parkinsonism.

Conclusion:
Patient was treated symptomatically with medications and physiotherapy to relive symptoms of Parkinsonism. After a week of follow-up, his symptoms were subsided and got discharged.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF ACCELERATIONS OF THE DM-617 VIBRATORY ROLLER USING DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Tiuremnov I. S. , Ivanov S. N. , Kraiushkin A. S. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction. To improve the vibrating rollers in order to increase sealing capacity, reliability and vibration safety, the interaction of vibrating roller parts between each other and with compacted soil is simulated mathematically. The developed models are validated, i.e. compared with the results of experimental studies. However, the known results of experimental studies were obtained based on a relatively small list of vibrating roller models and soil types, as well as in a steady vibration mode. The paper presents the results of experimental studies, which used a vibratory drum of a roller to study its vertical vibration accelerations both in the steady vibration, as well as transient mode at turning the vibration generator on (speedup) and off (halt). This expands the range of opportunities to validate the existing and newly developed mathematical models.Materials and methods. Experimental studies of vertical vibration accelerations of a drum were conducted using the DM-617 vibrating roller when compacting natural sand-gravel aggregate. The accelerometer readings show high-frequency harmonics, which makes it significantly more difficult to determine amplitude values of vibration accelerations, therefore a low-frequency filter with a boundary frequency of 200 Hz was used for digital processing.Results. It was determined that when the DM-617 vibrating roller is compacting soil with maximum driving force within the range of variation of dynamic modulus of soil deformation Evd=14…25 MPа, amplitude values of vertical vibration accelerations of the vibratory drum are from 65... 77 to -61... -69 m/s2 . At the start-up (speedup) of vibration generator, acceleration amplitudes are 1.1 times higher than vertical accelerations of steady operation mode of the vibrating drum and practically do not depend on the dynamic modulus of soil deformation Evd. At turning off (stop) of the vibration generator, amplitude of vertical accelerations do not exceed the vertical accelerations of the steady operation mode of the vibratory drum.Discussion and conclusion. The vertical acceleration amplitudes of vibratory drums of DM-617 do not depend on the dynamic soil deformation modulus Evd, and this is consistent with the results of experimental studies of the vibratory drum mounted on DM-614. The obtained vertical vibration accelerations of the drum mounted on DM-617 in the steady vibration mode, as well as at switching the vibration generator on (speedup) and off (halt) make it possible to verify the existing and developed mathematical models of interaction of vibrating rollers with compacted soil.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.
SIMULATION OF IMPACT PROCESS OF SOIL COMPACTION
Authors: Chukharev R. A. , Tarasova N. E. , Chabutkin E. K. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction. During the construction of modern highways, much attention is paid to compaction of bases consisting of natural soils. They require the use of special equipment, including self-propelled machines, performing compaction in a continuous cycle. But when designing it, certain difficulties arise in determining the parameters of impact accelerators and the mass of the impact plate. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the parameters of working equipment on the process of soil deformation.Materials and methods. To check the influence of the parameters of the tamper equipment on the compaction process, a method of mathematical modeling of the process using rheological models was chosen. The working cycle of impact ramming is divided into four phases. A mathematical description of the movement of the stamp and soil in each of the phases of movement is given. The change in the stress condition in time in the body of the soil half-space is considered.Results.Тhe time dependence of the soil stress condition was obtained for different stiffnesses of the spring impact accelerator and the change in the stamp mass. A joint analysis of the obtained dependencies showed that when designing impact equipment intended for compaction of naturally occurring soils, it requires matching the peak stresses from the mass of the stamp and the stiffness of the impact accelerators. This will make it possible to stretch the action of stresses in time, to form a compacted core in the soil half-space quickly and require a smaller number of strokes on one track to obtain the required material density.Discussion and conclusion. The proposed model of tamper equipment made it possible to consider the processes occurring in the soil half-space, to obtain comparative characteristics of the stamp mass and the rigidity of impact accelerators. The obtained data correlate well with the data of other authors. The results of the study may be useful to engineers involved in the development of new techniques of intensifying action.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.