bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activities of Soaps Formulated from Carapa procera Oil
Authors: Kan Serges Gbamelé Kouakou , Guillaume Yayé Yapi , Lydie Boyvin , Ama Valerie Bonouman Ira , Maurice Anigbé Amon , Olivier Chatigre Kouamé , Joseph Djaman Allico 
Published: September 2020

Aims: The Carapa procera species is used of traditional for its antimicrobial properties especially for the skin. Its oil is used for various applications including the production of soaps used for personal hygiene and other skin conditions. The purpose of this study is to assess the antibacterial properties of soaps formulated from the oil of this species.
Place and Duration of Study: The units of organic biological chemistry and structural organic chemistry of the UFR Structural Sciences of Matter and Technology (Université Félix Houphouet-Boigny) for the manufacture of soaps and the bacteriology unit of the Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire for bioassays between January 2019 and February 2020.
Methodology: The antibacterial evaluation was carried out by the disc method on nutrient agars with determination of bacterial parameters (MIC and MBC). Discs of usuals antibiotics (Tetracycline, Rifampicin and Ampicillin) were used as a control to assess this activity as well as a commercially soap.
Results: The inhibition diameters obtained from these different test soaps vary from 16.00 - 17.15 mm; 15.75 - 17.70 mm and 20.33 - 24.00 mm respectively on growth of the bacterial strains E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Unlike unscented soaps, scented soaps have the best inhibition diameter zones values. Moreover, the best MBC values (25 mg/mL) are obtained with the 2 soaps in fresh or aged state on the S. aureus strain against 50 mg/mL on the 2 other strains. In addition, with the exception of the E. coli strain which is resistant to Tetracycline, the 2 other strains are sensitive to all the antibiotics tested. In addition, this study also shows variability in the effect of soaps on these targets.
Conclusion: Soaps formulated from Carapa procera oil do indeed possess antibacterial properties that could justify its usage against dermatoses in traditional medicine.
Ethnic Disparities in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Prevalence Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in the United States: a Systematic Review
Authors: Daniel Christina M. , Davila Lesley , Makris Una E. , Mayo Helen , Caplan Liron , Davis Lisa , Solow E. Blair 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). General population cohorts have shown African American individuals to have greater and Hispanic Americans to have lower cardiovascular disease prevalence when compared with non‐Hispanic white individuals; however, the reasons for these findings are not clear. This systematic review seeks to describe the incidence and prevalence of ASCVD stratified by race/ethnicity within the US RA population.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies that reported incidence or prevalence of ASCVD (including, but not limited to, fatal and nonfatal stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death) in those with RA. Abstracts and full texts were screened separately for inclusion by two reviewers, with a third reviewer to resolve discrepancies.ResultsWe screened 2625 abstracts and fully reviewed 138 manuscripts. Twenty‐one were included that cited at a minimum the percentage of non‐Hispanic whites in their population. No publication meeting entry criteria initially stratified ASCVD by race/ethnicity. The average prevalent ASCVD in RA is 46.9% (95% CI: 46.8–47) (range of prevalent ASCVD: 30%‐47%). The average incident ASCVD is 8.2% (95% CI: 8.14–8.25) (range of incident ASCVD 1%–46%).ConclusionIn this systematic review, we found a paucity of data on racially/ethnically diverse RA patients and ASCVD outcomes. Future studies should report the prevalence of ASCVD in various races/ethnicities with RA in the United States. These data would help inform clinicians on how best to manage cardiovascular disease risk in RA.
Manipulating the Electrical Properties of Sb2(S,Se)3 Film for High‐Efficiency Solar Cell
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Tang Rongfeng , Jiang Chenhui , Lian Weitao , Ju Huanxin , Jiang Guoshun , Li Zhiqiang , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSb2(S,Se)3 is identified as a promising light‐harvesting material due to its excellent light‐harvesting capability, abundant elemental storage, and excellent stability. Here a hydrothermal method is demonstrated for the direct deposition of Sb2(S,Se)3 film, in which it is found that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a strong coordination additive is able to control the nucleation and deposition process for obtaining high‐quality Sb2(S,Se)3 films. With that, a milestone performance of 10.5% efficiency is achieved. This efficiency achievement indicates the great potential of Sb2(S,Se)3 as an alternative next‐generation solar cell material.
The Italian market of sparkling wines: Latent variable models for brand positioning, customer loyalty, and transitions across brands' preferences
Authors: Bassi Francesca , Pennoni Fulvia , Rossetto Luca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Italian market of sparkling wines has undergone a strong expansion driven by what can be defined as the “Prosecco phenomenon.” It has extended consumption reaching new and more complex segments with a wide offer of appellations, brands, and prices. We aim to evaluate the Italian market of sparkling wines to figure out the competitive associations among the major brands. We propose two different analyses to disentangle distinctive groups of brands. First, using the information on scanner purchases of sparkling wines recorded by a consumer panel over a 2‐year period, and appropriate specifications of the latent class model, we cluster homogeneous groups of winery brands for the product attributes they propose to the market. Then, we analyze consumers' brand preferences from a dynamic perspective by employing a hidden Markov model to identify segments of brands perceived as similar. These results shed light on loyalty behavior and its evolution over time in the market.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Thioetherification of 2‐Pyridyl Thioesters
Authors: Wang Shih‐Fang , Li Chao‐En , Liu You‐Chen , Mallikarjuna Reddy Daggula , Sidick Basha R. , Park Jin Kyu , Lee Sunwoo , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn efficient palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular decarbonylative thioetherification of 2‐pyridyl thioesters to furnish 2‐pyridyl aryl or alkyl thioethers is reported. Notably, PdCl2/PPh3 is found to be an effective catalytic system for decarbonylative thioetherification of 2‐pyridyl thioesters and is compatible under elevated temperature and strong basic conditions. This unique strategy is simple in operation and practice, uses a cheap metal‐ligand catalytic system, affords the products in high yields, and has high functional group tolerance. In addition, other heterocyclic thioesters such as fur‐2‐yl, thiophene‐2‐yl, quinolin‐2‐yl and isoquinolin‐1‐yl thioesters are also consistent under the optimized reaction conditions.
Divergent bitter and sweet taste perception intensity in chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Lin Cailu , Civantos Alyssa M. , Arnold Monique , Stevens Elizabeth M. , Cowart Beverly J. , Colquitt Lauren R. , Mansfield Corrine , Kennedy David W. , Brooks Steven G. , Workman Alan D. , Blasetti Mariel T. , Kohanski Michael A. , Doghramji Laurel , Douglas Jennifer E. , Maina Ivy W. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Reed Danielle R. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundBitter and sweet taste receptors are present in the human upper airway, where they have roles in innate immunity. Previous studies have shown that 1 of the 25 bitter receptors, TAS2R38, responds to specific bacterial signaling molecules and evokes 1 type of a defense response in the upper airway, whereas ligands of sweet receptors suppress other types of defense responses.MethodsWe examined whether other bitter taste receptors might also be involved in innate immunity by using sensory responses to bitter compounds that are not ligands of TAS2R38 (quinine and denatonium benzoate) to assess the sensitivity of other bitter receptors in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. CRS patients with (n = 426) and without (n = 226) nasal polyps and controls (n = 356) rated the intensity of quinine, denatonium benzoate, phenylthiocarbamide (PTC; a ligand for TAS2R38), sucrose, and salt.ResultsCRS patients rated the bitter compounds denatonium benzoate and quinine as less intense and sucrose as more intense than did controls (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.05) and CRS patients and controls did not differ in their ratings of salt (FDR >0.05). PTC bitter taste intensity differed between patient and control groups but were less marked than those previously reported. Though differences were statistically significant, overall effect sizes were small.ConclusionCRS patients report bitter stimuli as less intense but sweet stimuli as more intense than do control subjects. We speculate that taste responses may reflect the competence of sinonasal innate immunity mediated by taste receptor function, and thus a taste test may have potential for clinical utility in CRS patients.
Sequential Solid‐State Transformations Involving Consecutive Rearrangements of Secondary Building Units in a Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)
Authors: Dai Fangna , Wang Xiaokang , Wang Yutong , Liu Zhanning , Sun Daofeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolid‐state transformations in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are important and have led to the creation of new MOF structures. Solid‐state transformations from interpenetrated to non‐interpenetrated networks involving rearrangement of secondary building units (SBUs) in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) fashion have not been explored to date. Herein, we report the sequential, thermally stimulated solid‐state transformations in a barium‐organic framework (UPC‐600). The two‐fold interpenetrated framework of UPC‐600 is converted at 373 K into UPC‐601, a non‐interpenetrated framework. This proceeds in a SCSC fashion and involves the rearrangement of two proximate rod‐shaped SBUs in different nets to generate a new rod‐shaped SBU. At 473 K, a continuous solid‐state transformation involving a second rearrangement occurred, UPC‐601 converted into UPC‐602 by the rearrangement of the 1D rod‐shaped SBU to a 2D layer SBU. This is the first example of such a thermally driven stepwise transformation involving simultaneous cleavage and regeneration of multiple bonds.
Scalable, Durable, and Recyclable Metal‐Free Catalysts for Highly Efficient Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Zhang Yao‐Yao , Yang Guan‐Wen , Xie Rui , Yang Li , Li Bo , Wu Guang‐Peng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of highly active organoboron catalysts for the coupling of CO2 and epoxides with the advantages of scalable preparation, thermostability, and recyclability is reported. The metal‐free catalysts show high reactivity towards a wide scope of cyclic carbonates (14 examples) and can withstand a high temperature up to 150 °C. Compared with the current metal‐free catalytic systems that use mol % catalyst loading, the catalytic capacity of the catalyst described herein can be enhanced by three orders of magnitude (epoxide/cat.=200 000/1, mole ratio) in the presence of a cocatalyst. This feature greatly narrows the gap between metal‐free catalysts and state‐of‐the‐art metallic systems. An intramolecular cooperative mechanism is proposed and certified on the basis of investigations on crystal structures, structure–performance relationships, kinetic studies, and key reaction intermediates.
Asymmetric Transformation Driven by Confinement and Self‐Release in Single‐Layered Porous Nanosheets
Authors: Sun Bo , Shen Bowen , Urushima Akio , Liu Xin , Feng Xiaopeng , Yashima Eiji , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReported here is the use of single‐layered, chiral porous sheets with induced pore chirality for repeatable asymmetric transformations and self‐separation without the need for chiral catalysts or chiral auxiliaries. The asymmetric induction is driven by chiral fixation of absorbed achiral substrates inside the chiral pores for transformation into enantiopure products with enantioselectivities of greater than 99 % ee. When the conversion is completed, the products are spontaneously separated out of the pores, enabling the porous sheets to perform repeated cycles of converting achiral substrates into chiral products for release without compromising pore performance. Confinement of achiral substrates into two‐dimensional chiral porous materials provides access to a highly efficient alternative to current asymmetric synthesis methodologies.
Morphological evidence for early dog domestication in the European Pleistocene: New evidence from a randomization approach to group differences
Authors: Galeta Patrik , Lázničková‐Galetová Martina , Sablin Mikhail , Germonpré Mietje 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe antiquity of the wolf/dog domestication has been recently pushed back in time from the Late Upper Paleolithic (~14,000 years ago) to the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP; ~36,000 years ago). Some authors questioned this early dog domestication claiming that the putative (EUP) Paleolithic dogs fall within the morphological range of recent wolves. In this study, we reanalyzed a data set of large canid skulls using unbalanced‐ and balanced‐randomized discriminant analyses to assess whether the putative Paleolithic dogs are morphologically unique or whether they represent a subsample of the wolf morpho‐population. We evaluated morphological differences between 96 specimens of the 4 a priori reference groups (8 putative Paleolithic dogs, 41 recent northern dogs, 7 Pleistocene wolves, and 40 recent northern wolves) using discriminant analysis based on 5 ln‐transformed raw and allometrically size‐adjusted cranial measurements. Putative Paleolithic dogs are classified with high accuracies (87.5 and 100.0%, cross‐validated) and randomization experiment suggests that these classification rates cannot be exclusively explained by the small and uneven sample sizes of reference groups. It indicates that putative Upper Paleolithic dogs may represent a discrete canid group with morphological signs of domestication (a relatively shorter skull and wider palate and braincase) that distinguish them from sympatric Pleistocene wolves. The present results add evidence to the view that these specimens could represent incipient Paleolithic dogs that were involved in daily activities of European Upper Paleolithic forager groups.
Participatory mapping and UAV photogrammetry as complementary techniques for landscape archaeology studies: an example from north‐western Argentina
Authors: Álvarez Larrain Alina , Greco Catriel , Tarragó Myriam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article we highlight the relevance of a combination of a participatory mapping approach and unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry as complementary techniques for landscape archaeology studies. We exemplify this approach with the discovery and mapping of the Cerro Quemado site, located in the Yocavil valley in north‐western Argentina. The site presents a local Inka architecture pattern corresponding to an administrative centre type settlement of the southern provinces of the empire and is placed closely to one of the main routes of the Inka road that runs through the bottom of the valley. The implications of this finding are substantive in terms of a more complete understanding of the expansion of the Inkas in this region. The finding of Cerro Quemado has been possible thanks to the local spatial knowledge registered by the implementation of a participatory mapping approach with students and teachers of a local high school. Its expedited registration and the preliminary map of the structures presented here was facilitated by drone technology and spatial photogrammetry that helped to define in a cost efficient and quick way its architectural pattern.
Phase coherence and phase jumps in the Schwabe cycle
Authors: Stefani Frank , Beer Jürg , Giesecke André , Gloaguen Timo , Seilmayer Martin , Stepanov Rodion , Weier Tom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGuided by the working hypothesis that the Schwabe cycle of solar activity is synchronized by the 11.07‐year alignment cycle of the tidally dominant planets Venus, Earth, and Jupiter, we reconsider the phase diagrams of sediment accumulation rates in Lake Holzmaar and of methanesulfonate data in the Greenland ice core Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2), which are available for the period 10000–9000 cal. BP. As some half‐cycle phase jumps appearing in the output signals are, very likely, artifacts of applying a biologically substantiated transfer function, the underlying solar input signal with a dominant 11.04‐year periodicity can be considered to be mainly phase‐coherent over the 1,000‐year period in the early Holocene. For more recent times, we show that the reintroduction of a hypothesized “lost cycle” at the beginning of the Dalton minimum would lead to a real phase jump. Similarly, by analyzing various series of 14C and 10Be data and comparing them with Schove's historical cycle maxima, we support the existence of another “lost cycle” around 1565, also connected with a real phase jump. Viewed synoptically, our results lend greater plausibility to the starting hypothesis of a tidally synchronized solar cycle, which at times can undergo phase jumps, although the competing explanation in terms of a nonlinear solar dynamo with increased coherence cannot be completely ruled out.
Deep Neural Network Reveals the World of Autism From a First‐Person Perspective
Authors: Ruan Mindi , Webster Paula J. , Li Xin , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2020

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical attention to social stimuli and aberrant gaze when viewing images of the physical world. However, it is unknown how they perceive the world from a first‐person perspective. In this study, we used machine learning to classify photos taken in three different categories (people, indoors, and outdoors) as either having been taken by individuals with ASD or by peers without ASD. Our classifier effectively discriminated photos from all three categories, but was particularly successful at classifying photos of people with >80% accuracy. Importantly, visualization of our model revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination and showed that our model adopted a strategy similar to that of ASD experts. Furthermore, for the first time we showed that photos taken by individuals with ASD contained less salient objects, especially in the central visual field. Notably, our model outperformed classification of these photos by ASD experts. Together, we demonstrate an effective and novel method that is capable of discerning photos taken by individuals with ASD and revealing aberrant visual attention in ASD from a unique first‐person perspective. Our method may in turn provide an objective measure for evaluations of individuals with ASD.Lay SummaryPeople with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate atypical visual attention to social stimuli. However, it remains largely unclear how they perceive the world from a first‐person perspective. In this study, we employed a deep learning approach to analyze a unique dataset of photos taken by people with and without ASD. Our computer modeling was not only able to discern which photos were taken by individuals with ASD, outperforming ASD experts, but importantly, it revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination, revealing aspects of atypical visual attention in ASD from their first‐person perspective.
Prevalence and risk factors of mental distress in China during the outbreak of COVID‐19: A national cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Wu Mindan , Han Huanqin , Lin Tingkui , Chen Min , Wu Jun , Du Xufei , Su Guomei , Wu Dong , Chen Fagui , Zhang Qichuan , Zhou Hailin , Huang Dan , Wu Bin , Wu Jiayuan , Lai Tianwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveAs a result of the pandemic of COVID‐19, the public have been experiencing psychological distress. However, the prevalence of psychological distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic remains unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress during COVID‐19 outbreak and their risk factors, especially their internal paths and causality.MethodsA nationwide cross‐sectional survey of the prevalence of mental disorders was conducted. We used Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression. The internal paths and the causality of the psychological health were analyzed using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach.ResultsA total of 24,789 respondents completed the survey. We found that the overall prevalence of anxiety, depression, combination of anxiety, and depression were 51.6% (95% CI: 51.0–52.2), 47.5% (95% CI: 46.9–48.1), and 24.5% (95% CI: 24.0–25.0), respectively. The risk of psychological disorders in men was higher than that in women. The status of psychological health was different across different age groups, education levels, occupations, and income levels. The SEM analysis revealed that inadequate material supplies, low income, low education, lack of knowledge or confidence of the epidemic, and lack of exercise are major risk factors for psychological distress.ConclusionsThe evidence from this survey poses serious challenges related to the high prevalence of psychological distress, but also offers strategies to deal with the mental health problems caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Epidemiology of Myasthenia Gravis in Sweden 2006–2016
Authors: Westerberg Elisabet , Punga Anna Rostedt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionReported incidence and prevalence rates of Myasthenia Gravis (MG) vary widely and are assumed to have increased over the last few decades. We conducted a nationwide register‐based study on the current incidence and prevalence of MG and MG subgroups in Sweden.MethodsData were acquired from four Swedish Health Registers in order to identify patients with MG. Incidence and prevalence rates were calculated for the years 2006–2016, using population numbers provided by Statistics Sweden.ResultsIn 2016, the incidence of MG in Sweden was 2.9 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 2.5–3.2/100,000) and the crude prevalence was 36.1 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 34.9–37.3). There was a significant increase in Myasthenia Gravis prevalence from 2006 to 2016. Prevalence rates of all MG subgroups but thymoma‐associated MG increased over the same period of time.ConclusionsThe incidence and prevalence of Myasthenia Gravis have increased over time in Sweden, and the rates are high in comparison with other countries.