bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of perforation packaging on quality of fresh-cut carrot during storage
Authors: Dam Mai Sao , Nguyen Lien Le Phuong , Zsom Tamás , Hitka Géza , Zeke Ildikó Csilla , Friedrich László 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of packaging perforation on quality of carrot slices during cold storage at 5 °C. Polyethylene bags with different number of perforations (3, 4, and 6) were used in this experiment. Headspace oxygen concentration, respiration, weight loss, surface color, firmness, pH, and soluble solid content were examined throughout storage. It was observed, that all the investigated packaging were effective in maintaining the quality of carrot slices compared to the control. There was no symptom of decay until 12 days. In addition, pH, soluble solid content, and firmness showed nonsignificant change. Moreover, weight loss of packed carrot slices was below 2% after 12 days of storage. Packed carrot had better appearance at the end of experiment (12 days) than that of control.
Evaluation of lablab bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) sprout milk fortificated with eggshell extracted calcium
Authors: Tjandra Nugraha David , Bata Fransiscus Sabatino 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTLablab purpureus (L.) Sweet is a common bean in Asia. High protein content and similar amino acid composition with soybean makes good substitutes against dependency on imported products in Asian countries. One example of a bean product is vegetable milk. Fortification is executed to create a product, which compels our diet. Many people experience low protein and mineral intake from food. Fortification of plant origin products utilizing food waste by-products, namely eggshell waste by-product, may give an opportunity on this field. Milk created using beans is processed immediately. However, physiological process (germination) is capable of increasing its nutrition quality. This research focuses on variation of germination time: 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Protein digestibility is selected as the main parameter to consider the time. Protein, and mineral content, pH, and total soluble solid content of the milk are analyzed. Germination time of 36 h establishes sprout with digestible protein of 13.36 ± 0.59 g/100 g, milk protein content of 7.21 ± 0.06 g/100 g, pH of 6.74 ± 0.17, and total soluble solid content of 19.0 brix. The addition of eggshell extracted calcium as calcium fortification is 2% w/v, which resulted in mineral content of 276 ± 0.13 mg/100 g.
Betalains, total polyphenols, and antioxidant contents in red beetroot peel (Cylindra type)
Authors: Zin Moh Moh , Borda Fruzsina , Márki Edit , Bánvölgyi Szilvia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince significant percentage of fruits and vegetables go to waste during processing, investigation of how to improve the valuable products of extraction from the wastes is an undeniably effective way to save the planet. Beetroot (root, peel, and stalk) is a chief source of natural betalain color compounds and phenolic compounds with copious radical scavenging activity. The major emphasis of this work is to optimize process variables which are extraction time (10–60 min), operating temperature (20–50 °C), and aqueous ethanol solvent with the concentration of (25–75%) for effective extraction of valuable compounds such as betalains, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity from beetroot peel. Spectrophotometric analysis was applied for quantification of those compounds. Amongst which, lowest solvent concentration (25% v/v) together with the highest temperature (50 °C) and extraction time (50 min) brought yielded higher results. The process optimization was carried out using Design Expert (11.0.3) statistical software. Overall, it can be noted that extraction process can be improved by controlling operating time and temperature, avoiding unnecessary overuse of costly solvent.
Effect of grafting on the quality and apperance of eggplant fruit
Authors: Mozafarian Maryam , Kappel Noemi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGrafting is a connection of two plant tissues, which are forced to develop vascular connection and grow as a single plant. Vegetable grafting has been used in Solanaceae family and Cucurbitaceae family for several reasons e.g. increasing tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses, improving plant growth and yield. Fruit quality and appearance of vegetables may be influenced by grafting methods. Researchers have found contradictory results of fruit quality and appearance even in eggplant grafting due to different production environments, types of rootstock/scion combinations. In current review, we summarise available information on the effects of grafting and different rootstocks on eggplant fruit quality.
Should We Teach English Early? (Some Considerations)
Authors: Raja Patuan 
Published: December 2020

English has been introduced in early levels of elementary schools apparently based on the assumption the earlier the better. The present article reviews some literature on the relation between age and second language acqusition and has to conclude that the assumption does not have solid foundation. It also discusses the implications relevant to Indonesian context, especially concerning amount of instructional time, educational value, and resources.
FEMALE EFL LEARNERS’ REQUEST REALIZATION IN RELATION TO THEIR ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS
Authors: Sari Artanti Puspita 
Published: December 2020

The choice of strategies and modifications of speech acts in conversational communication may be correlated with sociolinguistic factors, such as ethnicity, social distance and dominance. Requests, as a part of speech acts, provide an interesting focus in this research because requests are face threatening acts. This article was based on a research conducted in the period of April to June 2008. The subjects of the research were female EFL learners of English Education Study Program at Sriwijaya University Inderalaya in South Sumatera Indonesia. The investigation utilized a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, revealed that:(1) in terms of patterns, the female EFL learners of different ethnic groups performed similar request patterns, (2) in terms of correlation, the subjects’ ethnic backgrounds did not correlate with their strategies, yet, their ethnic backgrounds had correlation with the subjects' request modifications, (3) the subjects’ request strategies and modifications did not correlate with social distance and dominance. The information gained can be utilized as a basis for integrating cultures and social dimensions between speakers and hearers into the teaching of EFL as well as EIL to increase students’ intercultural and pragmatic competence.
SPACE LEXICALIZED: ITS LINGUISTIC IMPACTS IN ENGLISH AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EFL LEARNING
Authors: Kadarisman A. Effendi 
Published: December 2020

Our sense of space is part of our experiential universals. However, the incorporation of space into words differs across languages. This paper argues that “space” is lexicalized in English but not in Indonesian. English encodes the sense of location and direction into adverbial particles, producing language-specific xpressions. Together with prepositions, adverbial particles also combine with simple verbs producing phrasal verbsand making a highly familiar verb expand itself into a huge range of meanings. Furthermore, the unique syntactic behavior of phrasal verbs is assumed to be the motivation for the phenomenon of “prepositional stranding” in English. The enormous presence of adverbial particles in English and their absence in Indonesian could be problematic for Indonesian EFL learners. This problem can be viewed from two perspectives: inward & outward.
THE USE OF DISCOURSE MARKERS AS AN INTERACTIVE FEATURE IN SCIENCE LECTURE DISCOURSE IN L2 SETTING
Authors: Rido Akhyar 
Published: December 2020

The objective of this research is to investigate the function of discourse markers as an interpersonal-interactive feature in a science lecture in second language (L2) setting in Malaysia. This research employs qualitative method while the data are gathered through non-participant observation and videorecording. From the findings, there are various discourse markers found. Macro markers signal the transition of the moves and indicate a shift of one topic/subtopic to another topic/sub-topic. Meanwhile, micro markers signal the internal or ideational relations within sentences. In conclusion, the use of discourse markers will help students to comprehend a lecture.
SOCIAL MEDIA IN A CONTENT COURSE FOR THE DIGITAL NATIVES
Authors: Lie Anita 
Published: December 2020

Digital technologies and the Internet have revolutionized the way people gather information and acquire new knowledge. With a click of a button or a touch on the screen, any person who is wired to the internet can access a wealth of information, ranging from books, poems, articles, graphics, animations and so much more. It is imperative that educational systems and classroom practices must change to serve our 21st century students better. This study examines the use of Edmodo as a social media to teach a course in Pedagogy to a class of digital natives. The media is used as an out-of-class communication forum to post/submit assignments and resources, discuss relevant issues, exchange information, and handle housekeeping purposes. A survey of students' responses and discussions on their participatory process leads to insights on how the social media helps achieve the required competences.
MOTIVATION AND CONFIDENCE OF INDONESIAN TEACHERS TO USE ENGLISH AS A MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
Authors: Aritonang Mangasa 
Published: December 2020

This research paper investigates the motivation and confidence of Indonesian teachers of non-English to learn English and to use it as a medium of instruction resulting from their participation in a blended learning course. The purpose of the English learning for this particular group of teachers was to enable them to create English-speaking teaching and learning environment. Such environment is perceived as necessary to enhance English language learning and acquisition in some Indonesian vocational schools. The levels of motivation and confidence have been an issue because they potentially either contribute to or hinder English language learners to learn and use English for interactions. This qualitative research was undertaken using an interpretive research paradigm and a case study approach. Qualitative research data were collected from multiple sources such as indepth interviews, observation notes, online interaction script, and reflective journals of the participants. Quantitative data were collected through surveys to add meaning to the qualitative data. The research revealed varying increase in the levels of motivation and confidence of the participants. Transformation of extrinsic to intrinsic motivations appeared to occur. Contributing factors to the increase of the motivation and confidence are discussed in this paper.
Offshore wind energy – South Africa’s untapped resource
Authors: Rae Gordon , Erfort Gareth 
Published: December 2020

In the context of the Anthropocene, the decoupling of carbon emissions from electricity generation is critical. South Africa has an ageing coal power fleet, which will gradually be decommissioned over the next 30 years. This creates substantial opportunity for a just transition towards a future energy mix with a high renewable energy penetration. Offshore wind technology is a clean electricity generation alternative that presents great power security and decarbonisation opportunity for South Africa. This study estimated the offshore wind energy resource available within South Africa’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ), using a geographic information system methodology. The available resource was estimated under four developmental scenarios. This study revealed that South Africa has an annual offshore wind energy production potential of 44.52 TWh at ocean depths of less than 50 m (Scenario 1) and 2 387.08 TWh at depths less than 1 000 m (Scenario 2). Furthermore, a GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation was conducted to determine the most suitable locations for offshore wind farm development within the South African EEZ. The following suitable offshore wind development regions were identified: Richards Bay, KwaDukuza, Durban, and Struis Bay. Based on South Africa’s annual electricity consumption of 297.8 TWh in 2018, OWE could theoretically supply approximately 15% and 800% of South Africa’s annual electricity demand with offshore wind development Scenario 1 and 2 respectively.
Роль кишечной микробиоты в патогенезе колоректального рака. Обзор литературных данных
Authors: Карасев И. А. , Малихова О. А. , Давыдкина Т. С. 
Published: December 2020

Толстая кишка демонстрирует самую высокую бактериальную плотность и разнообразие на протяжении всего желудочно-кишечного тракта, что может указывать на важную роль пристеночного микробиома в патогенезе колоректального рака (КРР). Механизмы, лежащие в основе канцерогенеза, остаются важным и не изученым предметом обсуждения в области биологии рака. Исследования данной группы пациентов группы и экспериментальные данные на лабораторных животных связали дисбиоз кишечника с конкретными видами бактерий, которые способствуют онкогенезу. Необходимы дальнейшие фундаментальные исследования для анализа механизмов и роли микроорганизмов в колоректального рака, которые могут быть использованы в терапевтических и прогностических целях.Цель данного обзора является обобщение литературных и экспериментальных данных о том, что дисбиоз толстой кишки является важным прогностическим критерием в развитии опухолей толстой кишки.
Dividido entre o Ir e o Ficar: o Dilema Cabo-verdiano em Chuva Braba, de Manuel Lopes
Authors: CARVALHO ADRIANNE GONÇALVES 
Published: December 2020

Manuel Lopes afirma de forma categórica em suas obras, por meio de seus personagens, o amor que sente por sua terra natal, algo que não difere no romance Chuva Braba. Por meio dos dilemas vividos pelo nome principal do livro, sendo o central a ida ou permanência de Mané Quim no país insular, lemos uma carta de amor à Cabo Verde nas páginas de Chuva Braba, a terra-mãe de ambos: Mané Quim e Lopes. Nessas linhas, a relação de segurança, confortabilidade e amor existente entre Quim e sua terra natal é ameaçada por fatores para além de seu poder, o que acaba fazendo com que esses sentimentos se fortaleçam. Em síntese, vemos muitos conceitos da Geografia Humanista Cultural que oferecem uma possibilidade de diálogo com a publicação de Lopes, como conceitos derivados dos estudos de Yi-Fu Tuan (2013), ao versar sobre topofilia e topofobia, assim como pensamentos teorizados por Edward Relph (1976), quando trabalha com definições como lugar com lugaridade e lugar sem-lugaridade, além da possibilidade de análise por meio da geograficidade, terminologia oriunda dos preceitos de Dardel (2015).Palavras-chave: Chuva Braba. Geografia Humanista Cultural. Literatura Africana de Língua Portuguesa. Manuel Lopes. Torn between Leaving or Staying: the Cape verdean Dilemma in Wild Rain, by Manuel LopesABSTRACTManuel Lopes categorically states in his body of work, through characters, the love he feels for his homeland, which undeniably translates in his novel Wild Rain. Through the main character’s dillemas, to go or to stay being the main conflict, the pages of Wild Rain unfolds a love letter to Cape Verde, the motherland to both Mané Quim and Lopes. In this direction, the relationship implying security, comfort and love which exists between Quim and his homeland is threatened by elements which go beyond his own power, something which he held no control over and which strengthens those feelings. In summary, we see many concepts of Cultural/Humanist Geography that offer a possibility of dialogue with Lopes's publication, as concepts derived from the studies of Yi-Fu Tuan (2013), when dealing with topophilia and topophobia, as well as thoughts theorized by Edward Relph. (1976), when working with definitions such as place with place and place-without place, besides the possibility of analysis through geography, terminology deriving from Dardel's precepts (2015).Keywords: Wild Rain. Cultural/Humanist Geography. African literature in Portuguese. Manuel Lopes.
As Paisagens da Ausência no Diálogo Epistolar entre Gonçalves Dias e Teófilo Leal
Authors: LIMA RENATA RIBEIRO 
Published: December 2020

Gonçalves Dias é conhecido como o “poeta nacional” por excelência, que teria consagrado a paisagem tropical brasileira como parte da ideia de nação. No entanto, numa análise mais detida de sua correspondência pessoal – gênero no qual também exercitava sua veia literária e registrava impressões dos lugares –, não se encontram paisagens simplesmente descritas, mas antes a construção de paisagens da ausência, isto é, a idealização constante de um lugar ausente diante de um espaço hostil, feita mais pela via da sugestão do que pela descrição. Para analisarmos essa questão, utilizaremos concepções desenvolvidas por teóricos da Geografia Humanista Cultural, a fim de compreender mais a fundo a relação do poeta com os lugares por onde passou, elegendo aqui as cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de Lisboa, conforme os registros literários de suas cartas. Palavras-chave: Paisagem. Lugar. Não-lugaridade. Correspondência. Gonçalves Dias.Landscapes of Absence on the Epistolary Dialog between Gonçalves Dias and Teófilo LealABSTRACTGonçalves Dias is known as “the national poet” by excellence, that had consecrated the Brazilian tropical landscape as part of his idea of nation. However, in a closer view of his personal correspondence – gender in which he also exercised his literary vein and registered impressions of places –, we can not find landscapes simply described, but instead the construction of landscapes of absence, that is, the constant idealization of an absent place in unfriendly circumstances, made more by suggestion than by description. To analyze this point, we utilize conceptions developed by Cultural Humanistic Geography theorists to understand deeply the poet’s relation with the places he passed by, electing here the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon, according to the literary registers of his letters.Keywords: Landscape. Place. Placelessness. Correspondence. Gonçalves Dias.
“That’s Just How We Say it”: Understanding L2 Student Writers’ Responses to Written and Negotiated Corrective Feedback Through Critical Incidents
Authors: Britton Emma R , Austin Theresa Y 
Published: December 2020

According to sociocultural theory (SCT), corrective feedback (CF) entails a negotiation process whereby writing instructors support second language (L2) writers in self-correction and provide a level of guidance needed for writers to actively engage in revision tasks (Aljaafreh & Lantolf, 1994). Drawing on SCT, this collaborative self-study details the CF experiences of one writing instructor and four L2 students. Focusing on six “critical incidents” occurring within the instructor’s teaching context (a developmental writing course in a Northeastern U.S. university), the authors investigate L2 writers’ responses to written (WCF) and negotiated oral CF. During these incidents, students engaged with different forms of CF. The authors’ analysis of these incidents draws attention to the micro- and macro-contextual features that complicate students’ uptake and perceptions about differing forms of CF. Findings reveal the importance of face to- face negotiation in resolving lexicogrammatical issues. Despite some students’ successful uptake of WCF, the paper argues that negotiated feedback provides L2 writers with additional opportunities to develop writing identities and to assert their writerly agency. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Selon la théorie socioculturelle (TSC), la rétroaction corrective (RC) implique un processus de négociation par lequel les instructeurs en rédaction soutiennent les rédacteurs de langue seconde (L2) pour s’autocorriger et fournissent un niveau de conseils nécessaire pour que les rédacteurs s’impliquent activement dans les tâches de révision (Aljaafreh & Lantolf, 1994). En s’inspirant de TSC, cette autoévaluation collaborative décrit en détail les expériences de RC d’un instructeur en rédaction et de quatre étudiants de L2. En se concentrant sur six « événements critiques » qui se sont produits dans le contexte d’enseignement de l’instructeur (un cours de développement des habiletés de rédaction dans une université du nord-est des États-Unis), les auteurs ont enquêté sur les réactions des rédacteurs de L2 à la rétroaction corrective par écrit et à la rétroaction négociée orale. Lors de ces événements, les étudiants ont participé à plusieurs formes de RC. L’analyse que les auteurs font de ces événements attire l’attention sur les caractéristiques microcontextuelles et macrocontextuelles qui compliquent l’assimilation et les perceptions des étudiants par rapport aux différentes formes de RC. Les résultats montrent l’importance de la négociation face-à-face pour résoudre les problèmes lexicogrammaticaux. Malgré l’assimilation réussie de la RC écrite par certains étudiants, cet article avance que la rétroaction négociée fournit aux rédacteurs plus d’occasions de développer leur identité de rédacteur et d’affirmer leur activité d’écrivain. L’article discute des implications pédagogiques.