bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supremely elastic gel polymer electrolyte enables a reliable electrode structure for silicon-based anodes
Authors: Huang Qingquan , Song Jiangxuan , Gao Yue , Wang Daiwei , Liu Shuai , Peng Shufu , Usher Courtney , Goliaszewski Alan , Wang Donghai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSilicon-based materials are promising anodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, owing to their high specific capacities. However, the huge volume expansion and shrinkage during cycling result in severe displacement of silicon particles and structural collapse of electrodes. Here we report the use of a supremely elastic gel polymer electrolyte to address this problem and realize long-term stable cycling of silicon monoxide anodes. The high elasticity of the gel polymer electrolyte is attributed to the use of a unique copolymer consisting of a soft ether domain and a hard cyclic ring domain. Consequently, the displacement of silicon monoxide particles and volume expansion of the electrode were effectively reduced, and the damage caused by electrode cracking is alleviated. A SiO|LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cell shows 70.0% capacity retention in 350 cycles with a commercial-level reversible capacity of 3.0 mAh cm−2 and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%.
Mapping lung cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition states and trajectories with single-cell resolution
Authors: Karacosta Loukia G. , Anchang Benedict , Ignatiadis Nikolaos , Kimmey Samuel C. , Benson Jalen A. , Shrager Joseph B. , Tibshirani Robert , Bendall Sean C. , Plevritis Sylvia K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElucidating the spectrum of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) states in clinical samples promises insights on cancer progression and drug resistance. Using mass cytometry time-course analysis, we resolve lung cancer EMT states through TGFβ-treatment and identify, through TGFβ-withdrawal, a distinct MET state. We demonstrate significant differences between EMT and MET trajectories using a computational tool (TRACER) for reconstructing trajectories between cell states. In addition, we construct a lung cancer reference map of EMT and MET states referred to as the EMT-MET PHENOtypic STAte MaP (PHENOSTAMP). Using a neural net algorithm, we project clinical samples onto the EMT-MET PHENOSTAMP to characterize their phenotypic profile with single-cell resolution in terms of our in vitro EMT-MET analysis. In summary, we provide a framework to phenotypically characterize clinical samples in the context of in vitro EMT-MET findings which could help assess clinical relevance of EMT in cancer in future studies.
Demographic amplification is a predictor of invasiveness among plants
Authors: Jelbert Kim , Buss Danielle , McDonald Jenni , Townley Stuart , Franco Miguel , Stott Iain , Jones Owen , Salguero-Gómez Roberto , Buckley Yvonne , Knight Tiffany , Silk Matthew , Sargent Francesca , Rolph Simon , Wilson Phil , Hodgson Dave 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvasive plant species threaten native biodiversity, ecosystems, agriculture, industry and human health worldwide, lending urgency to the search for predictors of plant invasiveness outside native ranges. There is much conflicting evidence about which plant characteristics best predict invasiveness. Here we use a global demographic survey for over 500 plant species to show that populations of invasive plants have better potential to recover from disturbance than non-invasives, even when measured in the native range. Invasives have high stable population growth rates in their invaded ranges, but this metric cannot be predicted based on measurements in the native ranges. Recovery from demographic disturbance is a measure of transient population amplification, linked to high levels of reproduction, and shows phylogenetic signal. Our results demonstrate that transient population dynamics and reproductive capacity can help to predict invasiveness across the plant kingdom, and should guide international policy on trade and movement of plants.
Ferroelectric nonlinear anomalous Hall effect in few-layer WTe2
Authors: Wang Hua , Qian Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnder broken time reversal symmetry such as in the presence of external magnetic field or internal magnetization, a transverse voltage can be established in materials perpendicular to both longitudinal current and applied magnetic field, known as classical Hall effect. However, this symmetry constraint can be relaxed in the nonlinear regime, thereby enabling nonlinear anomalous Hall current in time-reversal invariant materials – an underexplored realm with exciting new opportunities beyond classical linear Hall effect. Here, using group theory and first-principles theory, we demonstrate a remarkable ferroelectric nonlinear anomalous Hall effect in time-reversal invariant few-layer WTe2 where nonlinear anomalous Hall current switches in odd-layer WTe2 except 1T′ monolayer while remaining invariant in even-layer WTe2 upon ferroelectric transition. This even-odd oscillation of ferroelectric nonlinear anomalous Hall effect was found to originate from the absence and presence of Berry curvature dipole reversal and shift dipole reversal due to distinct ferroelectric transformation in even and odd-layer WTe2. Our work not only treats Berry curvature dipole and shift dipole on an equal footing to account for intraband and interband contributions to nonlinear anomalous Hall effect, but also establishes Berry curvature dipole and shift dipole as new order parameters for noncentrosymmetric materials. The present findings suggest that ferroelectric metals and Weyl semimetals may offer unprecedented opportunities for the development of nonlinear quantum electronics.
Mass Transpiration in Nonlinear MHD Flow Due to Porous Stretching Sheet
Authors: Singh Jitender , Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Bognár Gabriella 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMotivated from numerous practical applications, the present theoretical and numerical work investigates the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) laminar boundary layer flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid over a porous stretching sheet in the presence of suction/injection (mass transpiration). The flow characteristics are obtained by solving the underlying highly nonlinear ordinary differential equation using homotopy analysis method. The effect of parameters corresponding to suction/injection (mass transpiration), applied magnetic field, and porous stretching sheet parameters on the nonlinear flow is investigated. The asymptotic limits of the parameters regarding the flow characteristics are obtained mathematically, which compare very well with those obtained using the homotopy analysis technique. A detailed numerical study of the laminar boundary layer flow in the vicinity of the porous stretching sheet in MHD and offers a particular choice of the parametric values to be taken in order to practically model a particular type of the event among suction and injection at the sheet surface.
Comparison of Anterior only and Combined Anterior and Posterior Approach in Treating Lumbosacral Tuberculosis
Authors: Sun Dong , Zhang Ze-hua , Mei Gang , Hou Tian-yong , Li Yang , Xu Jian-Zhong , Luo Fei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA combined anterior and posterior (AP) surgical approach is a popular treatment modality of lumbosacral tuberculosis, but it is often traumatic and complicated. The present study aims to find whether the anterior only approach with the ARCH plate system is less invasive than the AP approach in treating lumbosacral tuberculosis. The ARCH plate system is an innovative anatomic lumbosacral anterior multi-directional locking plate system which was devised with due consideration to the anatomic features of the lumbosacral spine and irregular destruction of involved vertebral endplates. In this retrospective study, 32 patients with lumbosacral tuberculosis underwent surgeries via either the anterior only approach (ARCH group, 18 patients) using the ARCH system or the conventional combined anterior and posterior approach (AP group, 14 patients). American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), bone union status, ESR, CRP, intervertebral foraminal height between L5 and S1, the vertical height between the anterior upper edge of L5 and S1 vertebral body, lumbosacral angle, and the physiological lordosis of between L1 and S1 from both groups were recorded and compared. All patients were followed up for at least two years. The average duration of operation, blood loss, and length of hospital admission of the ARCH group (154.6 min, 361.1 ml&18.3days) was significantly smaller and shorter(p < 0.001, p < 0.001 & p = 0.008) that those of the AP group(465.5 min, 814.3 ml & 24.6days). The ODI score(p = 0.08, 0.471, 0.06, 0.07, 0.107), the VAS score(p = 0.099, 0.249, 0.073, 0.103, 0.273), the intervertebral foraminal height between L5 and S1(p = 0.826, 0.073, 0.085), L5-S1 height(p = 0.057, 0.234, 0.094), lumbosacral angle(p = 0.052, 0.242, 0.825), and L5-S1 lordosis(p = 0.146, 0.129, 0.053) of both groups showed no significant difference in any of the time points. The anterior only approach using the ARCH system is as effective as the combined anterior and posterior approach and is less traumatic in treating lumbosacral tuberculosis.
Introgression of Sub1 (SUB1) QTL in mega rice cultivars increases ethylene production to the detriment of grain- filling under stagnant flooding
Authors: Kuanar Sandhya Rani , Molla Kutubuddin Ali , Chattopadhyay Krishnendu , Sarkar Ramani Kumar , Mohapatra Pravat Kumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the recent time, Submergence1 (Sub1)QTL, responsible for imparting tolerance to flash flooding, has been introduced in many rice cultivars, but resilience of the QTL to stagnant flooding (SF) is not known. The response of Sub1-introgression has been tested on physiology, molecular biology and yield of two popular rice cultivars (Swarna and Savitri) by comparison of the parental and Sub1-introgression lines (SwarnaSub1 and SavitriSub1) under SF. Compared to control condition SF reduced grain yield and tiller number and increased plant height and Sub1- introgression mostly matched these effects. SF increased ethylene production by over-expression of ACC-synthase and ACC-oxidase enzyme genes of panicle before anthesis in the parental lines. Expression of the genes changed with Sub1-introgression, where some enzyme isoform genes over-expressed after anthesis under SF. Activities of endosperm starch synthesizing enzymes SUS and AGPase declined concomitantly with rise ethylene production in the Sub1-introgressed lines resulting in low starch synthesis and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in the developing spikelets. In conclusion, Sub1-introgression into the cultivars increased susceptibility to SF. Subjected to SF, the QTL promoted genesis of ethylene in the panicle at anthesis to the detriment of grain yield, while compromising with morphological features like tiller production and stem elongation.
The most common RNF43 mutant G659Vfs*41 is fully functional in inhibiting Wnt signaling and unlikely to play a role in tumorigenesis
Authors: Tu Jianghua , Park Soohyun , Yu Wangsheng , Zhang Sheng , Wu Ling , Carmon Kendra , Liu Qingyun J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRNF43 is an E3 ligase that inhibits Wnt signaling by ubiquitinating Wnt receptors for degradation. It is mutated in various cancer types with the most recurrent mutation being the frameshift G659Vfs*41 with frequencies of ~5–8% in colon, stomach and endometrial cancers. This mutation, a deletion of G in a 7-G repeat, has been assumed to encode an inactive enzyme that would lead to increased Wnt signaling and drive tumorigenesis, yet no functional characterization has been reported. We analyzed the distribution of G659Vfs*41 and its association with other cancer gene mutations, and found that the mutation occurred nearly exclusively in tumors with low expression of the DNA mismatch repair gene MLH1. Mutant RNF43-G659Vfs*41 was no different from wild type RNF43 in expression, stability, localization, R-spondin binding, and inhibition of Wnt signaling. No dominant negative activity of the mutant was observed. Colon tumors with RNF43-G659Vfs*41 had low Wnt/β-catenin signaling and were frequently mutated in BRAF. A colon cancer cell line with RNF43-G659Vfs*41 and BRAF-V600E mutations was sensitive to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings suggest that the frequent occurrence of RNF43-G659Vfs*41 may result from error-prone replication of the 7-G repeat in MLH1-deficient tumors and that the mutation itself does not inactivate enzyme.
Numerical simulation of the tsunamis generated by the Sciara del Fuoco landslides (Stromboli Island, Italy)
Authors: Fornaciai A. , Favalli M. , Nannipieri L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStromboli volcano (Aeolian Arc, Italy) experiences many mass failures along the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) scar, which frequently trigger tsunamis of various sizes. In this work, we simulate tsunami waves generated by landslides occurring in the SdF through numerical simulations carried out in two steps: (i) the tsunami triggering, wave propagation and the effects on Stromboli are simulated using the 3D non-hydrostatic model NHWAVE; (ii) generated train waves are then input into the 2D Boussinesq model FUNWAVE-TVD to simulate wave propagation in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (STS). We simulated the following scenarios: (i) the tsunami runup, inland inundation and wave propagation at Stromboli triggered by submarine landslides with volumes of 7.1, 11.8, 17.6 and 23.5 × 106 m3 and subaerial landslides with volumes of 4.7, 7.1, 11.8 and 35.3 × 106 m3; (ii) tsunami propagation in the STS triggered by submarine landslides with volumes of 11.8 and 17.6 × 106 m3 and by subaerial landslides with volumes of 7.1 and 35.3 × 106 m3. We estimate that the damages of the last relevant tsunami at Stromboli, which occurred in 2002, could have been generated either by a subaqueous failure of about 17.6-23.5 × 106 m3 along the SdF or/and a subaerial failure of about 4.7-7.1 × 106 m3. The coasts most affected by this phenomenon are not necessarily located near the failure, because the bathymetry and topography can dramatically increase the waves heights locally. Tsunami waves are able to reach the first Stromboli populated beaches in just over 1 minute and the harbour in less than 7 minutes. After about 30 minutes the whole Aeolian Arc would be impacted by maximum tsunami waves. After 1 hour and 20 minutes, waves would encompass the whole STS arriving at Capri.
A negative feedback mechanism links UBC gene expression to ubiquitin levels by affecting RNA splicing rather than transcription
Authors: Bianchi Marzia , Crinelli Rita , Giacomini Elisa , Carloni Elisa , Radici Lucia , Scarpa Emanuele-Salvatore , Tasini Filippo , Magnani Mauro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUBC gene plays a critical role in maintaining ubiquitin (Ub) homeostasis. It is upregulated under stress conditions, and herein we report that it is downregulated upon Ub overexpression. Downregulation occurs in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the existence of a fine-tuned Ub sensing mechanism. This “sensor” requires a conjugation competent ubiquitin to detect Ub levels. Searching the sensor among the transcription factors involved in basal and stress-induced UBC gene expression was unsuccessful. Neither HSF1 and HSF2, nor Sp1 and YY1 are affected by the increased Ub levels. Moreover, mutagenesis of their binding sites in the UBC promoter-driven reporter constructs does not impair the downmodulation effect. Epigenetic studies show that H2A and H2B ubiquitination within the UBC promoter region is unchanged upon ubiquitin overexpression. Noteworthy, quantification of nascent RNA molecules excludes that the downmodulation arises in the transcription initiation step, rather pointing towards a post-transcriptional mechanism. Indeed, a significantly higher fraction of unspliced UBC mRNA is detected in ubiquitin overexpressing cells, compared to empty vector transfected cells. Our findings suggest how increasing cellular ubiquitin levels may control the expression of UBC gene by negatively affecting the splicing of its pre-mRNA, providing a straightforward feedback strategy for the homeostatic control of ubiquitin pools.
Transmural and rate-dependent profiling of drug-induced arrhythmogenic risks through in silico simulations of multichannel pharmacology
Authors: Zhao Ping’an , Li Pan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn vitro human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibition assay alone might provide insufficient information to discriminate “safe” from “dangerous” drugs. Here, effects of multichannel inhibition on cardiac electrophysiology were investigated using a family of cardiac cell models (Purkinje (P), endocardial (Endo), mid-myocardial (M) and epicardial (Epi)). We found that: (1) QT prolongation alone might not necessarily lead to early afterdepolarization (EAD) events, and it might be insufficient to predict arrhythmogenic liability; (2) the occurrence and onset of EAD events could be a candidate biomarker of drug-induced arrhythmogenicity; (3) M cells are more vulnerable to drug-induced arrhythmias, and can develop early afterdepolarization (EAD) at slower pacing rates; (4) the application of quinidine can cause EADs in all cell types, while INaL is the major depolarizing current during the generation of drug-induced EAD in P cells, ICaL is mostly responsible in other cell types; (5) drug-induced action potential (AP) alternans with beat-to-beat variations occur at high pacing rates in P cells. These results suggested that quantitative profiling of transmural and rate-dependent properties can be essential to evaluate drug-induced arrhythmogenic risks, and may provide mechanistic insights into drug-induced arrhythmias.
Changes in hypothermal stress-induced hepatic mitochondrial metabolic patterns between fresh water- and seawater-acclimated milkfish, Chanos chanos
Authors: Chang Chia-Hao , Liu Zong-Zheng , Lee Tsung-Han 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMilkfish (Chanos chanos) is a tropical euryhaline species. It can acclimate to fresh water (FW) or seawater (SW) and be cultured in both. In winter, cold snaps cause huge losses in milkfish revenue. Compared to FW-acclimated individuals, SW-acclimated milkfish have better low-temperature tolerance. Under hypothermal stress, a stable energy supply is critical to maintain normal liver function. In this study, the levels of key mitochondrial enzymes (citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX)) in milkfish livers were examined. The CS:COX activity ratio in FW milkfish significantly increased under hypothermal stress (18 °C) whereas ATP (the end product of aerobic metabolism) was downregulated. Therefore, the activities of the enzymes involved in mitochondrial amino acid biosynthesis (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)) were evaluated to elucidate energy flow in milkfish livers under hypothermal stress. In FW milkfish, GDH activity was upregulated whereas AST activity was downregulated. Nevertheless, the levels of all the aforementioned enzymes did not significantly change in SW milkfish under hypothermal stress. In summary, we clarified the mechanism accounting for the fact that SW milkfish have superior low-temperature tolerance to FW milkfish and demonstrated that SW and FW milkfish have different and unique strategies for regulating energy flow.
Influence of pure fluorides and stannous ions on the initial bacterial colonization in situ
Authors: Kirsch Jasmin , Hannig Matthias , Winkel Pia , Basche Sabine , Leis Birgit , Pütz Norbert , Kensche Anna , Hannig Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present clinical-experimental study aims to examine the effect of pure experimental fluoride solutions and stannous chloride on the initial oral bioadhesion under in situ conditions. After 1 min of pellicle formation on bovine enamel slabs, 12 subjects rinsed with 8 ml of the fluoride test solutions (NaF, Na2PO3F, AmF, SnF2,) with 500 ppm fluoride concentration each for 1 min. Additionally, rinsing without a solution (control) and rinsing with 1563 ppm SnCl2 solution took place for 1 min. Afterwards, fluorescence microscopy took place to visualize bacterial adhesion and glucan formation (8 h oral exposition) with DAPI and ConA and the BacLight method. TEM was performed to visualize the pellicle ultrastructure together with EDX to detect stannous ions. The rinsing solutions with pure SnF2 and SnCl2 reduced significantly the initial bacterial colonization (DAPI). While, NaF and Na2PO3F showed no significant effect compared to the control. There was no significant difference between AmF, SnF2 and SnCl2. All tested experimental solutions showed no reducing effect on the glucan formation. Considerable alterations of the pellicle ultrastructure resulted from rinsing with the Sn-containing solutions. SnF2 appears to be the most effective type of fluoride to reduce initial bacterial colonization in situ. The observed effects primarily have to be attributed to the stannous ions’ content.
A STELLA simulation model for in vitro dissolution testing of respirable size particles
Authors: Eedara Basanth Babu , Tucker Ian G. , Das Shyamal C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn vitro dissolution testing is a useful quality control tool to discriminate the formulations and to approximate the in vivo drug release profiles. A dissolution apparatus has been custom-made for dissolution testing of dry powder formulations in a small volume of stationary medium (25 μL spread over 4.91 cm2 area i.e. ~50 μm thick). To understand the system and predict the key parameters which influence the dissolution of respirable size particles, a simulation model was constructed using STELLA modeling software. Using this model, the permeation (dissolution followed by diffusion through the membrane) of two anti-tubercular drugs of differing solubilities, moxifloxacin (17.68 ± 0.85 mg mL−1) and ethionamide (0.46 ± 0.02 mg mL−1), from the respirable size particles and their diffusion from a solution were simulated. The simulated permeation profiles of moxifloxacin from solution and respirable size particles were similar, indicating fast dissolution of the particles. However, the simulated permeation profile of ethionamide from respirable size particles showed slower permeation compared to the solution indicating the slow dissolution of the respirable size particles of ethionamide. The sensitivity analysis suggested that increased mucus volume and membrane thickness decreased the permeation of drug. While this model was useful in predicting and distinguishing the dissolution behaviours of respirable size moxifloxacin and ethionamide, further improvement could be made using appropriate initial parameter values obtained by experiments.
Understanding the diversity of genetic outcomes from CRISPR-Cas generated homology-directed repair
Authors: Sansbury Brett M. , Hewes Amanda M. , Kmiec Eric B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs CRISPR-Cas systems advance toward clinical application, it is essential to identify all the outcomes of gene-editing activity in human cells. Reports highlighting the remarkable success of homology-directed repair (HDR) in the treatment of inherited diseases may inadvertently underreport the collateral activity of this remarkable technology. We are utilizing an in vitro gene-editing system in which a CRISPR-Cas complex provides the double-stranded cleavage and a mammalian cell-free extract provides the enzymatic activity to promote non-homologous end joining, micro-homology mediated end joining, and homology-directed repair. Here, we detail the broad spectrum of gene-editing reaction outcomes utilizing Cas9 and Cas12a in combination with single-stranded donor templates of the sense and nonsense polarity. This system offers the opportunity to see the range of outcomes of gene-editing reactions in an unbiased fashion, detailing the distribution of DNA repair outcomes as a function of a set of genetic tools.