bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal exposure to paternal smoking and semen quality in the adult son
Authors: Hærvig Katia Keglberg , Høyer Birgit Bjerre , Giwercman Aleksander , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia Høst , Specht Ina Olmer , Toft Gunnar , Bonde Jens Peter , Søgaard Tøttenborg Sandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe negative impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring semen quality is well established. Less is known about the impact of paternal smoking.MethodsWe estimated differences in semen parameters and testicle size according to paternal smoking in 772 adult sons of women enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort when pregnant. Parents’ smoking was reported around gestational week 16, and analyses were adjusted for parents’ ages at conception, maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index, maternal alcohol and caffeine intake, family occupational status, ejaculatory abstinence time, clinic of semen analysis, and season.ResultsSons of smoking fathers and non‐smoking mothers had a 10% (95% confidence interval: −24%, 7%) lower semen concentration and 11% (95% confidence interval: −27%, 8%) lower sperm count than sons of non‐smoking parents. Having two smoking parents was associated with 19% reduction in sperm count (95% confidence interval: −37%, 3%). Paternal smoking was not associated with volume, motility, or morphology. Adjusting for maternal smoking, paternal smoking was associated with a 26% increased risk of small testicular volume (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.78).DiscussionExclusion of sons with a history of testicular cancer, chemotherapy, orchiectomy, and with only one or no testicles may have caused us to underestimate associations if these men's reproductive health including semen quality are in fact more sensitive to paternal smoking.ConclusionThe study provides limited support for slightly lower sperm concentration and total sperm concentration in sons of smoking fathers, but findings are also compatible with no association.
Submandibular duct ligation after botulinum neurotoxin A treatment of drooling in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Bekkers Stijn , Pruijn Ineke M J , Van Hulst Karen , Delsing Corinne P , Erasmus Corrie E , Scheffer Arthur R T , Van Den Hoogen Frank J A 
Published: March 2020

AimTo assess: (1) the effect on drooling of bilateral submandibular duct ligation as surgical therapy after the administration of submandibular botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) for excessive drooling and (2) the predictive value of treatment success with BoNT‐A on treatment success after bilateral submandibular duct ligation.MethodThis was a within‐participant retrospective observational study in which 29 children with severe drooling (15 males, 14 females) received BoNT‐A treatment at a mean age of 9 years 6 months (SD 2y 5mo), followed by bilateral submandibular duct ligation at a mean age of 10 years 11 months (SD 2y 4mo). Fifteen children were diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP), with 12 children classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V. The 14 children without CP had non‐progressive developmental disorders. The primary drooling severity outcomes were the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; subjective assessment) and drooling quotient (objective assessment). Measurements were taken before each intervention and again at 8 and 32 weeks.ResultsThe VAS was significantly lower after bilateral submandibular duct ligation at follow‐up compared to BoNT‐A treatment (mean difference −33, p≤0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI]=−43.3 to −22.9). The mean drooling quotient did not significantly differ between BoNT‐A treatment and bilateral submandibular duct ligation at follow‐up (3.3, p=0.457; 95% CI=−4.35 to 9.62) or between 8 and 32 weeks (4.7, p=0.188; 95% CI=−2.31 to 11.65).InterpretationBoNT‐A treatment and bilateral submandibular duct ligation are both effective treatment modalities for drooling. At 32‐week follow‐up, subjective drooling severity after bilateral submandibular duct ligation was significantly lower compared to previous BoNT‐A injections in participants. However, treatment success with BoNT‐A is no precursor to achieving success with bilateral submandibular duct ligation.What this paper adds

Bilateral submandibular duct ligation is an effective therapy for drooling after treatment with botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A).

Treatment success with BoNT‐A is not a predictor of successful therapy with bilateral submandibular duct ligation.
The three dimensions of somatic evolution: Integrating the role of genetic damage, life‐history traits, and aging in carcinogenesis
Authors: Rozhok Andrii I. , DeGregori James 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTumors result from genetic and epigenetic alterations that change cellular survival and differentiation probabilities, promoting clonal dominance. Subsequent genetic and selection processes in tumors allow cells to lose their tissue fidelity and migrate to other parts of the body, turning tumors into cancer. However, the relationship between genetic damage and cancer is not linear, showing remarkable and sometimes seemingly counterintuitive patterns for different tissues and across animal taxa. In the present paper, we attempt to integrate our understanding of somatic evolution and cancer as a product of three major orthogonal processes: occurrence of somatic mutations, evolution of species‐specific life‐history traits, and physiological aging. Patterns of cancer risk have been shaped by selective pressures experienced by animal populations over millions of years, influencing and influenced by selection acting on traits ranging from mutation rate to reproductive strategies to longevity. We discuss how evolution of species shapes their cancer profiles alongside and in connection with other evolving life‐history traits and how this process explains the patterns of cancer incidence we observe in humans and other animals.
Effect of feed deprivation on daily water consumption in healthy horses
Authors: Freeman David E. , Mooney Alexandra , Giguère Steeve , Claire Jami , Evetts Chloe , Diskant Patricia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMeasurements of water consumed by fed healthy horses might not apply to horses that are unwilling or unable to drink or are not fed for any reason.ObjectiveTo examine the effects of feed deprivation on voluntary water consumption compared with fed conditions.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsEight healthy adult Thoroughbred geldings were used in a randomised crossover design so that each horse served as its own control for fed vs feed‐deprived conditions. Water intake, bodyweight, physical findings and vital signs were measured during 4 days of feeding and 4 days of feed deprivation. Daily measurements during the trial periods were PCV, TPP, electrolytes, osmolality and triglycerides. Plasma and extracellular fluid volumes were measured in the last 8 hours of the trial periods. Data were analysed with a two‐way analysis of variance with repeated measures, and statistical significance wasP ≤ .05.ResultsFeed deprivation immediately and persistently reduced water consumption to ~16% of fed values, with laboratory evidence of mild dehydration on day 4.Main limitationsChanges in total body water and in water and electrolyte excretion or conservation through faeces and urine were not measured.ConclusionsFeed consumption has a marked effect on water requirements in healthy horses. Because current guidelines for water needs were obtained in the fed state, they might not apply to horses that are denied feed for any reason or have reduced feed intake. This study provides new information on water consumption in horses that should apply to this essential nutrient in health and disease.
Febuxostat as a renoprotective agent for treatment of hyperuricaemia: a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Chewcharat Api , Chen Yawen , Thongprayoon Charat , Harrison Andrew M. , Mao Michael A. , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this meta‐analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCT) was to evaluate the effects of febuxostat on kidney function in patients with hyperuricaemia.AimsFebuxostat is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid production. Recent studies suggested the renoprotective effect of febuxostat among hyperuricaemia patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of febuxostat on kidney function in patients with hyperuricaemia.MethodsWe conducted electronic searches in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1960 to July 2019 to identify RCT that examined the effects of febuxostat in adult patients with hyperuricaemia on serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, blood pressure parameters, major cardiovascular events, diarrhoea, joint pain, stroke and arrhythmia.ResultsNine RCT with 2141 participants were included in this meta‐analysis. Compared to placebo, the febuxostat group showed a higher eGFR at 6 months with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 2.86 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.001), as well as the end of studies (eGFR WMD 2.69 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001). There was also lower serum creatinine (SrCr WMD = −0.04 mg/dL, P < 0.001), reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP WMD = −1.18 mmHg, P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP WMD = −1.14 mmHg, P = 0.04). There was no statistical difference between febuxostat and placebo in major cardiovascular events, diarrhoea, joint symptoms, stroke events and arrhythmia. Subgroup analysis among chronic kidney disease showed the febuxostat group had higher eGFR than the placebo group (eGFR WMD = 2.69 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001).ConclusionTreating hyperuricaemia with febuxostat may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease irrespective of baseline renal function without significantly associated increased risks of major cardiovascular events, diarrhoea, joint symptoms, arrhythmia and stroke, compared to placebo.
Metabolic adaptation orchestrates tissue context‐dependent behavior in regulatory T cells
Authors: Wang Haiping , Lu Chun‐Hao , Ho Ping‐Chih 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe diverse distribution and functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) ensure tissue and immune homeostasis; however, it remains unclear which factors can guide distribution, local differentiation, and tissue context‐specific behavior in Tregs. Although the emerging concept that Tregs could re‐adjust their transcriptome based on their habitations is supported by recent findings, the underlying mechanisms that reprogram transcriptome in Tregs are unknown. In the past decade, metabolic machineries have been revealed as a new regulatory circuit, known as immunometabolic regulation, to orchestrate activation, differentiation, and functions in a variety of immune cells, including Tregs. Given that systemic and local alterations of nutrient availability and metabolite profile associate with perturbation of Treg abundance and functions, it highlights that immunometabolic regulation may be one of the mechanisms that orchestrate tissue context‐specific regulation in Tregs. The understanding on how metabolic program instructs Tregs in peripheral tissues not only represents a critical opportunity to delineate a new avenue in Treg biology but also provides a unique window to harness Treg‐targeting approaches for treating cancer and autoimmunity with minimizing side effects. This review will highlight the metabolic features on guiding Treg formation and function in a disease‐oriented perspective and aim to pave the foundation for future studies.
Evaluation of higher power delivery during RF pulmonary vein isolation using optimized and contiguous lesions
Authors: Kyriakopoulou Maria , Wielandts Jean‐Yves , Strisciuglio Teresa , El Haddad Milad , Pooter Jan De , Almorad Alexandre , Hilfiker Gabriela , Phlips Thomas , Unger Philippe , Lycke Michelle , Vandekerckhove Yves , Tavernier Rene , Duytschaever Mattias , Knecht Sebastien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims“CLOSE”‐guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is based on contiguous (≤6 mm) and optimized radiofrequency (RF) ablation lesions (ablation index [AI] ≥ 400 posteriorly and ≥ 550 anteriorly]. However, the optimal RF power to reach the desired AI is unknown. Therefore we evaluated the efficiency of an ablation strategy using higher power (40 W) during a first “CLOSE”‐guided PVI.MethodsEighty consecutive patients undergoing “CLOSE”‐guided PVI for symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were ablated with 40 W (group A). Results were compared with 105 consecutive patients enrolled in the “CLOSE to CURE”‐study and were ablated using the same protocol with 35 W (group B).ResultsIn group A, ablation was associated with shorter ablation procedure time (91 vs 111 minutes; P < .001), shorter fluoroscopy time (5 vs 11 minutes; P < .001), shorter PVI time (48 vs 64 minutes; P < .001), shorter RF time (20 vs 28 minutes; P < .001), lower RF time per application (22 vs 29 seconds; P < .001), less RF applications (52 vs 58; P < .001), and less catheter dislocations (1 vs 2; P = .002). The impedance drop (12 vs 13 Ω; P = .192), first‐pass isolation rate (99% vs 93%; P = .141) and acute reconnection rate (6% vs 4%; P > .733) were similar in both groups (groups A and B, respectively). No complications occurred. In group A, a gastroscopy—performed in five patients with esophageal temperature rise more than 42°C—did not reveal any esophageal lesion. Postprocedural recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia at 1 year was not significantly different between both groups.ConclusionsUsing the “CLOSE”‐protocol, increased power increases the efficiency of PVI without compromising patients' safety.
Induction of apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic pathways and suppression of ERK/NF‐κB signalling participate in anti‐glioblastoma of imipramine
Authors: Hsu Fei-Ting , Chiang I‐Tsang , Wang Wei‐Shu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlioblastomas are the most aggressive type of brain tumour, with poor prognosis even after standard treatment such as surgical resection, temozolomide and radiation therapy. The overexpression of the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) in glioblastomas is recognized as an important treatment target. Thus, an urgent need regarding glioblastomas is the development of a new, suitable agent that may show potential for the inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/NF‐κB–mediated glioblastoma progression. Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, has anti‐inflammatory actions against inflamed glial cells; additionally, imipramine can induce glioblastoma toxicity via the activation of autophagy. However, whether imipramine can suppress glioblastoma progression via the induction of apoptosis and blockage of ERK/NF‐κB signalling remains unclear. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of imipramine on apoptotic signalling and ERK/NF‐κB–mediated glioblastoma progression by using cell proliferation (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay), flow cytometry, Western blotting, and cell invasion/migration assay analysis in vitro. The ERK and NF‐κB inhibitory capacity of imipramine is detected by NF‐κB reporter gene assay and Western blotting. Additionally, a glioblastoma‐bearing animal model was used to validate the therapeutic efficacy and general toxicity of imipramine. Our results demonstrated that imipramine successfully triggered apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic pathways and suppressed the invasion/migration ability of glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, imipramine effectively suppressed glioblastoma progression in vivo via the inhibition of the ERK/NF‐κB pathway. In summary, imipramine is a potential anti‐glioblastoma drug which induces apoptosis and has the capacity to inhibit ERK/NF‐κB signalling.
Novel miRNA markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer
Authors: Wang Qian , Xu Kai , Tong Yu , Dai Xianning , Xu Teng , He Danna , Ying Jianchao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs endometrial cancer (EC) is a major threat to female health worldwide, the ability to provide an accurate diagnosis and prognosis of EC is promising to improve its treatment guidance. Since the discovery of miRNAs, it has been realized that miRNAs are associated with every cell function, including malignant transformation and metastasis. This study aimed to explore diagnostic and prognostic miRNA markers of EC. In this study, differential analysis and machine learning were performed, followed by correlation analysis of miRNA‐mRNA based on the miRNA and mRNA expression data. Nine miRNAs were identified as diagnostic markers, and a diagnostic classifier was established to distinguish between EC and normal endometrium tissue with overall correct rates >95%. Five specific prognostic miRNA markers were selected to construct a prognostic model, which was confirmed more effective in identifying EC patients at high risk of mortality compared with the FIGO staging system. This study demonstrates that the expression patterns of miRNAs may hold promise for becoming diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for EC.
MiR‐9 promotes angiogenesis of endothelial progenitor cell to facilitate thrombi recanalization via targeting TRPM7 through PI3K/Akt/autophagy pathway
Authors: Zhou Dong‐Ming , Sun Li‐Li , Zhu Jian , Chen Bing , Li Xiao‐Qiang , Li Wen‐Dong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic choice for thrombi recanalization. However, this role of EPCs is confined by some detrimental factors. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the miR‐9‐5p in regulation of the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of EPCs and the subsequent therapeutic role in thrombosis event. Wound healing, transwell assay, tube formation assay and in vivo angiogenesis assay were carried out to measure cell migration, invasion and angiogenic abilities, respectively. Western blot was performed to elucidate the relationship between miR‐9‐5p and TRPM7 in the autophagy pathway. It was found that miR‐9‐5p could promote migration, invasion and angiogenesis of EPCs by attenuating TRPM7 expression via activating PI3K/Akt/autophagy pathway. In conclusion, miR‐9‐5p, targets TRPM7 via the PI3K/Ak/autophagy pathway, thereby mediating cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in EPCs. Acting as a potential therapeutic target, miR‐9‐5p may play an important role in the prognosis of DVT.
Exosome derived from CD137‐modified endothelial cells regulates the Th17 responses in atherosclerosis
Authors: Xu Liangjie , Geng Tianxin , Zang Guangyao , Bo Li , Liang Yi , Zhou Hong , Yan Jinchuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe role of exosomes derived from endothelial cells (ECs) in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS) and inflammation remains largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether exosome derived from CD137‐modified ECs (CD137‐Exo) played a major role in AS and to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying the inflammatory effect. Exosomes derived from mouse brain microvascular ECs treated with agonist anti‐CD137 antibody were used to explore the effect of CD137 signalling in AS and inflammation in vitro and vivo. CD137‐Exo efficiently induced the progression of AS in ApoE−/− mice. CD137‐Exo increased the proportion of Th17 cells both in vitro and vivo. The IL‐6 contained in CD137‐Exo which is regulated by Akt and NF‐КB pathway was verified to activate Th17 cell differentiation. IL‐17 increased apoptosis, inhibited cell viability and improved lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in ECs subjected to inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule1 (sICAM‐1), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and E‐selectin in the supernatants of ECs after IL‐17 treatment was dramatically increased. CD137‐Exo promoted the progression of AS and Th17 cell differentiation via NF‐КB pathway mediated IL‐6 expression. This finding provided a potential method to prevent local and peripheral inflammation in AS.
Does Time with Dad in Childhood Pay Off in Adolescence?
Authors: Gold Sarah , Edin Kathryn J. , Nelson Timothy J. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveWe aim to understand the association between father involvement in middle childhood and adolescent behaviors and whether the relationship differs by father residence.BackgroundInternalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence can trigger a cascade of negative outcomes later in life, including lower educational attainment, criminal justice involvement, and future psychological distress. Evidence, largely focusing on nonresidential fathers and older cohort, suggests that father involvement—particularly closeness and engagement—may reduce adolescents' internalizing and externalizing behaviors.MethodWe use data six waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort survey representative of births in large U.S. cities between 1998 and 2000, to estimate OLS regression models examining (a) whether father involvement in middle childhood is associated with fewer problem behaviors at Age 15, (b) if the salience of father involvement differs depending on whether the father was present in the home (i.e., was married to or living with his child's mother) in middle childhood, and (c) whether father involvement matters differently based on the child's
sex.ResultsWe find protective associations between father involvement and adolescent behavioral outcomes that persist even among children who were not living with their fathers. In models stratified by the child's sex, father involvement matters for both boys and girls. In all models, father presence alone, apart from active involvement, is not significantly associated with behavioral outcomes.ConclusionFather involvement protects against negative adolescent behaviors even among children with nonresidential fathers and for both boys and girls.ImplicationsThese results suggest that policies that promote greater father involvement and father–child bonds, rather than other options such as promoting marriage, may be more effective in reducing behavioral problems among adolescents.