bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence: Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Joshua A. , Liu Yuan F. , Nguyen Shaun A. , McRackan Theodore R. , Meyer Ted A. , Rizk Habib G. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:To conduct a systematic review of posterior semicircular canal dehiscence (PSCD) and to present a series of patients with PSCD with and without classic third-window symptoms.Data Sources:PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception until April 2019. Case series of five patients seen in a multidisciplinary, vestibular-focused, neurotology clinic.Study Selection:Inclusion criteria: PSCD studies of symptomatology, diagnostic testing, radiology, and histopathology. Exclusion criteria: non-English articles, reviews, letters, animal studies.Data Extraction:Quality evaluated according to Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria and funnel plot via the Stern and Egger method.Data Synthesis:Two hundred five studies were found, and 58 studies were included. In 47 total patients, sound-induced vertigo, mixed hearing loss, and tinnitus were the most common presenting symptom. A meta-analysis of proportions using eight radiological and histopathological studies revealed an incidence of 0.38% adult ears [95% CI 0.08, 0.89] and 2.16% of adult patients [0.64, 4.54]. The incidence in pediatric patients ranged from 1.3 to 43%. Jugular bulb abnormalities were common. In our case series, four of five patients presented without third-window symptoms, while one had sound- and pressure-induced vertigo. Hearing loss in these patients was not salvageable.Conclusions:PSCD is a rare phenomenon most commonly presenting with third-window type symptoms. However, PSCD might also present with dizziness and hearing loss inconsistent with third-window symptomatology. One should be conscious of potentially poorer prognosis for hearing recovery in these patients.
Alcoholism and nutrition: a review of vitamin supplementation and treatment
Authors: Lewis Michael J. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
This is a review of the research on the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation for alcoholism and alcohol-related illnesses. The focus is on research, both clinical and basic on alcohol treatment and nutritional effectiveness of these vital nutrients.

Recent findings
Most of the research involves basic experiments exploring the impact of vitamin depletion or deficits on physiological systems, especially liver and brain, in rodents. These often include behavioral measures that use cognitive, learning/memory and motivation experiments that model clinical studies. These provide support for hypotheses concerning the impact of such deficiencies in clinical populations. Clinical studies are rare and involve evaluation of the outcome of supplementation usually in the context of a treatment program. Specific vitamins, dosages and treatment programs vary. Deficiencies in retinoids (vitamin A), thiamine (B1) and niacin (B3) are the most frequently investigated. However, there is a greater need for further research on other vitamins, and for more uniform supplementation and treatment procedures.

Summary
The literature is primarily basic research on specific vitamins. There are very significant findings with individual vitamin supplementation and combinations that show promise of our understanding of the role of vitamins in the disease of alcoholism and its treatment.
Meta-analysis of modified Stoppa approach and ilioinguinal approach in anterior pelvic ring and acetabular fractures
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhang LiJun , Guo XiaoMin , Jiang XiaoJun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of the modified Stoppa approach (MSA) and ilioinguinal approach (IA) in the treatment of anterior pelvic ring and acetabular fractures.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane database for articles that compared MSA and IA in the treatment of anterior pelvic ring and acetabular fractures. All the included articles were evaluated by 2 trained reviewers in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook for potential risk. The Jadad decision algorithm and Downs and Black scores were also used to assess the quality of the included studies. The extracted data included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, reduction quality, clinical outcome, and complications.

Results:
Five articles were included in this meta-analysis, with 186 patients in the MSA group and 219 patients in the IA group. Compared with IA, MSA significantly shortened the operative time (P = .0002), decreased intraoperative blood loss (P = .002), and provided better reduction quality (P = .03). Meanwhile, this meta-analysis suggests no significant difference between MSA and IA regarding clinical outcomes (P = .63) and complications (P = .34). The subgroup analysis of complications also showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (including infection, and vascular and nerve injuries).

Conclusion:
According to this meta-analysis, the currently available evidence suggests that MSA can significantly shorten operative time, decrease intraoperative blood loss, and provide better reduction quality than IA in the treatment of anterior pelvic ring and acetabular fractures. In addition, in terms of clinical outcomes and complications, no significant differences were found between the 2 groups.

Level of Evidence: Level IV, meta-analysis.
Platelet inhibitory activity, tolerability, and safety of vicagrel, a novel thienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitor
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Hanjing , Chen Weili , Xu Hongrong , Yuan Fei , Yang Mengjie , Sun Hongbin , Yang Jin , Liu Yongqiang , Lai Xiaojuan , Gong Yanchun , Liu Xuefang , Li Yongguo , Sheng Lei , Liu Chao , Li Xuening 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Vicagrel is a new antiplatelet pro-drug based on clopidogrel sulfur lactone metabolites. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics (PD) of vicagrel in healthy Chinese subjects.
This study was designed as a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single oral ascending dose study. Fifty nine subjects were assigned to 6 vicagrel dose cohorts (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 75 mg), and 8 subjects were assigned to 75 mg clopidogrel. Within each vicagrel dose cohort, the 10 subjects (9 in the 75 mg cohort) were randomized 4:1 to receive vicagrel or placebo. Platelet function was assessed using VerifyNowTM P2Y12. ΔP2Y12 reaction units (ΔPRU) and percent inhibition platelet aggregation (%IPA) were used to evaluate the PD of vicagrel.
Although the number of adverse events (AEs) increased with vicagrel dose, none were considered serious, suggesting that vicagrel is safe and well-tolerated. The ΔPRU and %IPA patterns suggest that inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation increased in a dose-dependent manner across the 10 to 40 mg dose range. The inhibitory effect was nearly complete at 4 hours (mean %IPA 87.9%–93.0%, mean ΔPRU 206.6–240.0) for doses of 40 to 75 mg of vicagrel. In contrast, for 5 mg vicagrel and 75 mg clopidogrel, there were no measurable effects on platelet aggregation throughout the study.
The results suggest that vicagrel at 40 to 75 mg inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation, with a fast onset of action and significantly greater potency than clopidogrel. These findings indicate that vicagrel may be a highly effective and well-tolerated antiplatelet agent.
Significant association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome risk
Authors: Li Yin , Zhu Hongqiu , Liu Min , Zeng Zhulan , Zeng Yanling , Xu Xinlei , Ye Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) may play a pathological role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the conclusions of published reports on the relationship between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and PCOS risk remain controversial.To derive a more precise estimation we performed a metaanalysis based on 22 studies that together included 2405 cases and 2419 controls. PubMed, EMBASE, WanFang and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were used to retrieve articles up to up to October 28, 2019. The crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association.Metaanalysis results showed a significant association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and PCOS risk in 3 genetic models (allele model: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.27–1.53; dominant model: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.17–1.85); homozygous model: OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.55–2.32). Moreover, significant associations were observed when stratified by ethnicity, source of controls, etiology, and genotype methods.This metaanalysis suggests that the T-allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of PCOS, especially in Asians further studies with larger population sizes are needed to confirm these results.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with raltitrexed and nedaplatin regimen for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Xiangnan , Li Jing , Zhou Han , Zhang Meng , Jiang Changchen , Shen Zetian , Zhu XiXu , Li Aomei , Che Yuxin , Wu Tiancong , Wang Zhen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
The aim of the study reported here was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of raltitrexed and nedaplatin with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with unresectable, locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods:
Eligible patients were adults with newly diagnosed untreated, unresectable esophageal cancer in stages I to IV with lymph node metastases or cervical esophageal cancer. Patients received nedaplatin 25 mg/m2 per day on day 1–3, raltitrexed 3 mg/m2 on days 1 repeated every 21 days for 2 cycles, and combined concurrent radiotherapy (2 Gy/fraction, total dose of 60 Gy).

Result:
Thirty patients were included with squamous cell carcinoma. The median follow-up duration was 24 months. The overall response rate was 90%. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates for all patients were 70.4% and 55.7% with a median survival time of 30 months, and the median progression free survival was 20 month. The major toxicities were leukopenia and thrombopenia, with grade 3 to 4 leukopenia and thrombopenia were 50% and 30% of patients.

Conclusion:
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with raltitrexed and nedaplatin agents frequently caused myelosuppression but was highly active and suggested to be a promising treatment option for locally advanced ESCC.
Acquired segmental sigmoid hypoganglionosis
Authors: Pan Zhi-Ping , Huang Lu-Qiao , Cui Jun-Hui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Intestinal hypoganglionosis most commonly presents in infancy or childhood, with only a few cases reported in adults. Those are mainly diagnosed after elective surgery for long-standing constipation and megacolon.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a 48-year-old female from China who presented with symptoms of discontinuation of bowel movements for 2 months. A hard, round mass could be felt in her right lower abdomen.

Diagnosis:
The following examination methods diagnosed acquired segmental sigmoid hypoganglionosis. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a dilatation of the colon and suspicious wall thickening of the sigmoid colon. Anorectal manometry revealed relaxation of the anal sphincter. Histological examination revealed lower numbers and the degeneration of ganglion cells.

Interventions:
Sigmoidectomy and transverse colostomy.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered well from surgery. Three months after the surgery, barium enema revealed a recovery in colorectal dilatation.

Lessons:
This case could help raise awareness of acquired segmental hypoganglionosis. Resection of TZ and enterostomy presents an effective remission strategy for patients at risk of anastomotic leakage due to poor intestinal conditions.
Tai Chi for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Xixi , Zhang Furong , Li Jian , Zhou Xiujuan , Sun Mingsheng , Liu Xicen , Liu Danyang , Shen Xiaoyu , Jin Rongjiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
Tai Chi is gaining an increasing popularity in rehabilitation management of chronic conditions. Yet no consensus has reached on its efficacy and safety of type 2 diabetes despite that several systematic reviews (SRs) were published on this topic. Therefore, we will conduct an overview to critically evaluate current SRs and implement an updated metaanalysis with recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:
A systematic literature search of relevant RCTs-based SRs will be conducted in electronic databases including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from their inceptions to search date without language restrictions. Eligible SRs will be methodologically assessed by the assessment of multiple SRs 2 and Risk of Bias in SRs tool and their RCTs included will be extracted for further evidence synthesis. To update current meta-analysis on this topic, a supplementary search will be implemented for related newly emerged RCTs. Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool will be applied for RCTs quality evaluation. The grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation will be utilized for evidence quality assessment of outcomes. Study characteristic information on participants, interventions, outcomes, comparisons and conclusions will be described in detail. Review Manager V5.3 will be used for risk of bias assessment and Stata 14.0 for meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis.

Results:
The study results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal publication or conference presentation.

Conclusions:
This study finding will provide an updated evidence of Tai Chi for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), thus to help inform clinical physicians, T2DM patients and their families to develop better rehabilitation plans and to draw more attention of decision-makers in exercise rehabilitation related policy-making.
This study protocol has been applied for registration on PROSPERO platform (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/), with an assigned ID: CRD42019140988
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with ischemic infarction complicated with intrauterine fetal death
Authors: Yeh Wei-Chih , Liou Li-Min , Wu Meng-Ni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), a rare neurologic disorder, manifests as headache, altered mental status, seizures, visual disturbances, and other focal neurologic signs with typically reversible clinical symptoms and image changes. Although the underlying mechanism remains unknown, a current theory indicates cerebral autoregulation failure as the primary cause. We report a case of PRES with stroke in an adult with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD).

Patient concerns:
A 35-year-old Asian woman with twin pregnancy underwent cesarean section at 32 weeks of gestation because of IUFD. She presented with focal seizures and visual field defect 2 days after undergoing cesarean section. Her blood pressure and kidney, liver, and coagulation functions were normal without proteinuria.

Diagnosis:
PRES was diagnosed based on a series of brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. Ischemic infarction in the right frontal lobe eventually developed to encephalomalacia.

Interventions:
The patient received levetiracetam and valproate for seizure management.

Outcomes:
Five days after the onset, seizures were under control. All neurologic deficits completely improved after 21 days of admission.

Lessons:
PRES can occur in women with IUFD without preeclampsia or eclampsia symptoms. Although most cases result in vasogenic edema of the brain and exhibit good prognosis, PRES can cause cytotoxic edema and permanently damage the brain.
Stratified meta-analysis by ethnicity revealed that ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism was associated with coronary artery disease in Asians, but not in Caucasians
Authors: Chen Yingjian , Liao Yuanjun , Sun Shengnan , Lin Fan , Li Rang , Lan Shujin , Zhao Xiaolei , Qin Jiheng , Rao Shaoqi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies demonstrated that ADRB3, beta-3 adrenergic receptor, participated in lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Consequently, this gene has attracted an increasing number of genetic studies examining its association with coronary artery disease (CAD) in different ethnicities in recent years, but no conclusion has been reached so far. The aim of this study was to explore whether the well-studied locus ADRB3 Trp64Arg in this gene confers a race-specific effect to CAD by conducting a stratified meta-analysis involving 15 independent studies and 11,802 subjects.

Methods:
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association. Publication bias was quantified and examined with Begg's funnel plot test and Egger's linear regression method. The overall meta-analysis or stratified meta-analysis by ethnicity was performed by using STATA 12.0 software.

Results:
A total of 15 eligible studies involving 5779 CAD cases and 6023 health controls were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD. Further stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed that ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism was significantly associated with CAD in Asians (allelic: OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.13–1.94, P = .005; homozygous: OR = 2.66, 95%CI 1.87–3.77, P < .001; recessive: OR = 2.46, 95%CI 1.74–3.47, P < .001), but not in Caucasians (allelic: OR = 1.09, 95%CI 0.93–1.27, P = .290; homozygous: OR = 1.31, 95%CI 0.61–2.86, P = .490; recessive: OR = 1.31, 95%CI 0.60–2.84, P = 2.494).

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis suggests that ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism confers a race-specific effect to CAD.
Successful treatment of amniotic fluid embolism complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation with rivaroxaban
Authors: Wu Hai-Di , Song Zi-Kai , Cao Hong-Yan , Xu Xiao-Yan , Tang Ming-Long , Yang Shuo , Liu Yang , Qin Ling 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
An amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare, lethal syndrome that is commonly associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Anticoagulation therapy is the most important strategy to inhibit excessive activation of the coagulation cascade in patients with AFE and DIC. At present, treatment of AFE with rivaroxaban has not been reported.

Patient concerns:
We report a 37-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 1) at 39 weeks’ gestation with irregular contractions of the uterus was admitted to the obstetrical department. Ten minutes after the spontaneous rupture of the membranes, the patient complained of dyspnea and dysphoria and exhibited cyanosis of her lips. The patient's blood pressure decreased and heart rate increased rapidly, and 2100 mL of unclotted blood flowed from her vagina within 1 hour. Her platelet count dropped to 21 × 10−9/L, and the results from routine coagulation tests, and D-dimer and fibrin degradation product tests were obviously abnormal.

Diagnoses:
According to the current research consensus, AFE with DIC should be considered immediately when sudden cardiovascular collapse occurs around the time of labor and delivery, followed by the development of coagulopathy and hemorrhage.

Interventions:
In addition, the variety of supportive treatments, rivaroxaban was used in anticoagulant therapy.

Outcomes:
At follow-up 30 and 60 days, there were no complaints of discomfort or abnormal laboratory assays. The patient recovered completely.

Lessons
: This case highlights that rivaroxaban, as a direct inhibitor of activated factor Xa, demonstrates a good therapeutic efficacy for treating AFE with DIC.
Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Children With Acquired Immunodeficiencies or Undergoing Immune Suppressive, Cytotoxic, or Biological Modifier Therapies
Authors: Indolfi Giuseppe , Abdel‐Hady Mona , Bansal Sanjay , Debray Dominique , Smets Françoise , Czubkowski Piotr , van der Woerd Wendy , Samyn Marianne , Jahnel Jörg , Gupte Girish , Zellos Aglaia , Mozer‐Glassberg Yael , Verkade Henkjan J. , Sokal Etienne , Fischler Björn 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTReactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known complication of immune‐suppressive, cytotoxic, and biological modifier therapies in patients currently infected with HBV or who have had past exposure to HBV. Nowadays, newer and emerging forms of targeted biologic therapies are available for the management of rheumatologic conditions, malignancies, inflammatory bowel disease, dermatologic conditions and solid‐organ, bone marrow, or haematologic stem cell transplant but there is currently a lack of a systematic approach to the care of patients with or at risk of HBV reactivation. The Hepatology Committee of the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) together with a working group of ESPGHAN members with clinical and research expertise in viral hepatitis developed an evidence‐based position paper on reactivation of HBV infection in children identifying pertinent issues addressing the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this condition. Relevant clinical questions were formulated and agreed upon by all the members of the working group. Questions were answered and positions were based on evidence resulting from a systematic literature search on PubMed and Embase from their inception to July 1, 2019. A document was produced and the working group and ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee members voted on each recommendation, using a formal voting technique. A recommendation was accepted provided upon agreement by at least 75% of the working group members. This position paper provides a comprehensive update on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of HBV reactivation in children.
Efficacy of Binaural Beat Meditation Technology for Treating Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Yusim Anna , Grigaitis Justinas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of a novel binaural beat meditation technology for the treatment of anxiety symptoms in both psychiatric outpatients and nonpatients. Twenty psychiatric outpatients with anxiety disorder and eight individuals (nonpatients) in the healing professions were given the opportunity to use this meditation technology over the course of 2 weeks to 2 months. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores were measured in all participants over the course of the study. Of the 20 outpatients who took part in the study, nine used the meditations as planned, whereas 11 did not for various reasons (could not download, forgot, did not have time, etc.), resulting in the formation of three treatment groups: psychiatry + meditation (n = 8), psychiatry only (n = 10), and meditation only (n = 8). The psychiatry + meditation group showed a 13.5-point (26.5%) decrease in State-Anxiety (t = 5.28, p = 0.001), a 14.1-point (24.7%) decrease in Trait-Anxiety (t = −5.12, p = 0.001), and a 27.6-point (25.6%) decrease in Total Anxiety (t = 7.63, p ≤ 0.001). The psychiatry-only group showed a 4.2-point (8.4%) decrease in State-Anxiety (t = −2.20, p = 0.05) and a 7.0-point (6.9%) decrease in Total Anxiety (t = −2.61, p = 0.02). The meditation only showed a 3.5-point (9.8%) decrease in Trait-Anxiety (t = −2.47, p = 0.04). In a multiple regression analysis controlling for sociodemographic factors, medications, and treatment-related variables, the only statistically significant improvement in anxiety was seen in the psychiatry + meditation group for the Total Anxiety score (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that use of this meditation technology may exhibit a positive effect on self-reported measures of anxiety in the context of a psychiatry/psychotherapy practice. However, larger-scale randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.