bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perrault syndrome: Clinical report and retrospective analysis
Authors: Pan Zhaoyu , Xu Hongen , Tian Yongan , Liu Danhua , Liu Huanfei , Li Ruijun , Dou Qian , Zuo Bin , Zhai Rongqun , Tang Wenxue , Lu Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerrault syndrome (PRLTS4; OMIM# 615300) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and only a few cases have been reported worldwide. We report a Chinese female characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and premature ovarian insufficiency.MethodsWe evaluated audiological, endocrine, and ultrasound examinations and examined the genetic causes using whole‐exome sequencing. We reviewed the literature to discuss the pathogenesis, genotype–phenotype correlation, treatment, and prevention of PRLTS4.ResultsBioinformatic analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the LARS2 gene, c.880G>A (p.Glu294Lys), and c.2108T>C (p.Ile703Thr) which is a novel missense mutation, co‐segregated in this family. Taken together, the patient was clinically diagnosed as PRLTS4. The literature review showed that the phenotype for PRLTS4 varies widely, but the sensorineural hearing loss, increased gonadotropin levels, and amenorrhea occurred frequently. All reported mutations are highly conserved in mammals based on conservation analysis, and there is a mutation hotspot for PRLTS4.ConclusionThis study expanded the mutation spectrum of LARS2 and is the first report of PRLTS4 in a Chinese family. Genetic testing plays an important role in early diagnosis of syndromic deafness and clinical genetic evaluation is essential to guide prevention.
A horizontally polarized end‐fire antenna with complete ground for 5G mmWave applications
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhao Chang , Yue Zhenzhen , Ren Aidi , Jia Yongtao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel design of horizontally polarized end‐fire antenna array with a complete ground (GND) for the fifth‐generation (5G) millimeter wave (mmWave) applications is proposed in this article. The antenna employs four dielectric layers with the relative permittivity successively increasing from top to bottom. Utilizing the refraction of the radiated waves between different dielectric layers, the uptilting of the beam in the end‐fire direction caused by the complete GND has been solved. A pair of butterfly dipole is fed by a balun to produce horizontal polarization. The simulated result shows that the proposed antenna unit achieves a fractional impedance bandwidth of 19.6% (24.25‐29.5 GHz) with the gain varying from 4.3 to 6.51 dBi. Based on the antenna element, a 1 × 4 antenna array is proposed. The isolation of the array is 17.6 dB. Besides, the end‐fire gain is 7.51 to 10.2 dBi over the frequency band of 24.25 to 29.5 GHz. And the beam scanning range of the array covers from −54° to +54°. A prototype is fabricated and measured, which validates the simulated results. Both the simulation and experiment results prove that the proposed antenna is promising for 5G mmWave applications.
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of lurasidone for acute schizophrenia: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of phase 3 trials in Japan
Authors: Kishi Taro , Nosaka Tadashi , Sakuma Kenji , Okuya Makoto , Iwata Nakao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionConsidering that the efficacy results of the Japan lurasidone phase 3 trials for acute schizophrenia were inconsistent, we conducted a systematic review and a random‐effect model network meta‐analysis of those trials to examine whether lurasidone was beneficial for the treatment of Japanese patients with acute schizophrenia.MethodsThe study included the double‐blind, randomized trial in Japan that included patients with acute schizophrenia. Efficacy outcomes were improvement of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score (PANSS‐T, primary), positive (PANSS‐P), negative (PANSS‐N), and general (PANSS‐G) subscale scores; and Clinical Global Impression‐Severity Scale (CGI‐S) score and response rate. Other outcomes were discontinuation rates and incidence of individual adverse events.ResultsWe included four studies (n = 1,608). Although both lurasidone 40 mg/d (LUR40) and 80 mg/d (LUR80) outperformed placebo in PANSS‐T [standardized mean difference (95% credible interval): LUR40 = −0.298 (−0.420, −0.176), LUR80 = −0.170 (−0.320, −0.019)], PANSS‐P, and CGI‐S scores, LUR40 but not LUR80 outperformed placebo in PANSS‐N and PANSS‐G scores and response rate. LUR40 outperformed LUR80 regarding PANSS‐G score. Both LUR40 and LUR80 were associated with a higher incidence of akathisia, somnolence, and increased body weight compared with placebo. Compared with placebo, LUR40 was associated with a higher incidence of weight gain (≥7%), and LUR80 was associated with a higher incidence of dystonia and weight loss (≥7%) and higher Drug‐Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale score.ConclusionsBoth LUR40 and LUR80 improved overall symptoms in Japanese patients with acute schizophrenia. However, LUR80 seemed to have a risk of extrapyramidal symptoms.
Antifungal activity of rapamycin on Botryosphaeria dothidea and its effect against Chinese hickory canker
Authors: Jiang Hong , Rao Yuxin , Mei Li , Wang Yongjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe trunk canker caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is a devastating disease for Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) in China. Chemical fungicides are commonly and repeatedly applied to control the disease; however, fungicide application raises major environmental and food safety issues. Ecofriendly biocontrol alternatives were urgently needed. Herein, the antifungal activity of a natural secondary metabolite, rapamycin, against B. dothidea and the effect of a rapamycin‐producing Streptomyces hygroscopicus on C. cathayensis canker were investigated.RESULTSThe 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of rapamycin against mycelial growth and spore germination on the potato dextrose agar were 5.1 × 10−3 and 5.5× 10−2 μg mL–1, respectively, which were much lower than the EC50 values of thiophanate‐methyl. The hyphae of B. dothidea exhibited premature aging and wrinkling after treatment with rapamycin at 5.0 × 10−3 μg mL–1. A rapamycin‐producing bacterium S. hygroscopicus LYJ637 was batch produced and formulated in a carboxymethylcellulose/poly (vinyl alcohol) (CMC/PVA) blend and used for testing the efficiency of the bacterium in controlling Botryosphaeria canker in C. cathayensis. S. hygroscopicus exhibited high stability in the CMC/PVA blend. Results of a 3‐year field experiment suggested that rapamycin formation reduced the occurrence of both developed cankers and new cankers, with an efficacy comparable to the treatment with thiophanate‐methyl.CONCLUSIONThe rapamycin‐producing S. hygroscopicus LYJ637 carried in a CMC/PVA blend prevented effectively Botryosphaeria canker on Chinese hickory, which provides an alternative approach to chemical control strategies.
Template‐Mediated Assembly of DNA into Microcapsules for Immunological Modulation
Authors: Qu Yijiao , Ju Yi , Cortez‐Jugo Christina , Lin Zhixing , Li Shiyao , Zhou Jiajing , Ma Yutian , Glab Agata , Kent Stephen J. , Cavalieri Francesca , Caruso Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is a need for effective vaccine delivery systems and vaccine adjuvants without extraneous excipients that can compromise or minimize their efficacy. Vaccine adjuvants cytosine–phosphate–guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) can effectively activate immune responses to secrete cytokines. However, CpG ODNs are not stable in serum due to enzymatic cleavage and are difficult to transport through cell membranes. Herein, DNA microcapsules made of CpG ODNs arranged into 3D nanostructures are developed to improve the serum stability and immunostimulatory effect of CpG. The DNA microcapsules allow encapsulation and co‐delivery of cargoes, including glycogen. The DNA capsules, with >4 million copies of CpG motifs per capsule, are internalized in cells and accumulate in endosomes, where the Toll‐like receptor 9 is engaged by CpG. The capsules induce up to 10‐fold and 20‐fold increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6 secretion, respectively, in RAW264.7 cells compared with CpG ODNs. Furthermore, the microcapsules stimulate TNF‐α and IL‐6 secretion in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. The immunostimulatory activity of the capsules correlates to their intracellular trafficking, endosomal confinement, and degradation, assessed by confocal and super‐resolution microscopy. These DNA capsules can serve as both adjuvants to stimulate an immune reaction and vehicles to encapsulate vaccine peptides/genes to achieve synergistic immune effects.
Cracking behavior of basalt fibre reinforced polymer‐reinforced concrete: An approach for the determination of crack spacing and crack width
Authors: Hofmann Sebastian , Tran Ngoc Linh , Proske Tilo , Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe limitation of the crack width is of central importance for the design in the serviceability limit state. For FRP‐reinforced concrete members, the crack width has to be limited for service condition in use and not due to corrosion protection. In this paper, an experimental program of pull‐out tests and slender concrete cylinders with basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer rebars under centric tension load is presented. The used basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer rebars are sand coated and have in addition a helically wrapped thread for a decent profiling. Equations to calculate crack spacing and crack width of FRP‐reinforced concrete is derived and calibrated with the obtained experimental results. Finally, the equations are verified with experimental data from other authors and a crack model is given for reinforced concrete members with FRP rebars with a helically wrapped and sand coated surface.
Dissipation energy based parameter identification of anisotropic linear viscoelastic composites
Authors: Mika Micheal , Horst Thomas , Landgraf Ralf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current work presents a relaxation analysis based procedure to identify effective material parameters of the multiaxial generalized Maxwell model (GMM) by a numerical homogenization of the microscopic dissipation energy density for anisotropic linear viscoelastic composites. The employed GMM enables the derivation of a thermodynamically consistent constitutive law and a function of the dissipation energy density for direction‐dependent viscoelastic materials. The identity of this energy function to the microstructure's homogenized dissipation energy density is utilized for the identification of effective relaxation times. Furthermore, the identified relaxation times enable a simple determination of the remaining stiffness parameters. Finally, the presented procedure is demonstrated and evaluated for a randomly endless fibre‐reinforced plastic with a polymer matrix exhibiting a significant viscoelastic behaviour.
A note on dual prehomomorphisms from a group into the Margolis–Meakin expansion of a group
Authors: Billhardt Bernd , Singha Boorapa , Sommanee Worachead , Thamkaew Paweena , Tiammee Jukrapong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe give a category-free order theoretic variant of a key result in Auinger and Szendrei (J Pure Appl Algebra 204(3):493–506, 2006) and illustrate how it might be used to compute whether a finite X-generated group H admits a canonical dual prehomomorphism into the Margolis–Meakin expansion M(G) of a finite X-generated group G. We show that for G the Klein four-group a suitable H must be of exponent 6 at least and recapture a result of Szakács.
General practitioners’ challenges and strategies in dealing with Internet-related health anxieties—results of a qualitative study among primary care physicians in Germany
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: August 2020

SummaryTime and again, it is discussed that in medical practices, the number of patients who develop health anxieties due to extensive health information searches on the Internet is increasing. The objective of this study is to explore and describe general practitioners’ experiences and attitudes towards cyberchondria patients as well as strategies to stabilize affected patients. Following a qualitative approach, oral personal semi-standardized interviews with general practitioners (N = 38) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, were conducted in 2019. In the course of a content analysis, one can see that most interviewees see the emergence of Internet-related health anxieties as an increasing problem in everyday care. Affected patients not only show marked levels of doubt and nervousness as well as hypersensitivity to their own state of health, but also low confidence in the physician. In addition to compliance-related difficulties, the high need for advice and the demand for further diagnostics are regarded as major problems. Various approaches were identified by which general practitioners respond to unsettled patients (more consultation time, recommendation of reputable websites, information double-checking, expanded history questionnaire, additional psychosocial training).
Damage Detection in Composites By Artificial Neural Networks Trained By Using in Situ Distributed Strains
Authors: Califano America , Chandarana Neha , Grassia Luigi , D’Amore Alberto , Soutis Constantinos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a passive structural health monitoring (SHM) method capable of detecting the presence of damage in carbon fibre/epoxy composite plates is developed. The method requires the measurement of strains from the considered structure, which are used to set up, train, and test artificial neural networks (ANNs). At the end of the training phase, the networks find correlations between the given strains, which represent the ‘fingerprint’ of the structure under investigation. Changes in the distribution of these strains is captured by assessing differences in the previously identified strain correlations. If any cause generates damage that alters the strain distribution, this is considered as a reason for further detailed structural inspection. The novelty of the strain algorithm comes from its independence from both the choice of material and the loading condition. It does not require the prior knowledge of material properties based on stress-strain relationships and, as the strain correlations represent the structure and its mechanical behaviour, they are valid for the full range of operating loads. An implementation of such approach is herein presented based on the usage of a distributed optical fibre sensor that allows to obtain strain measurement with an incredibly high resolution.
Test particle simulations of cosmic rays
Authors: Mertsch Philipp 
Published: August 2020

AbstractModelling of cosmic ray transport and interpretation of cosmic ray data ultimately rely on a solid understanding of the interactions of charged particles with turbulent magnetic fields. The paradigm over the last 50 years has been the so-called quasi-linear theory, despite some well-known issues. In the absence of a widely accepted extension of quasi-linear theory, wave-particle interactions must also be studied in numerical simulations where the equations of motion are directly solved in a realisation of the turbulent magnetic field. The applications of such test particle simulations of cosmic rays are manifold: testing transport theories, computing parameters like diffusion coefficients or making predictions for phenomena beyond standard diffusion theories, e.g. for cosmic ray small-scale anisotropies. In this review, we seek to give a low-level introduction to test particle simulations of cosmic rays, enabling readers to perform their own test particle simulations. We start with a review of quasi-linear theory, highlighting some of its issues and suggested extensions. Next, we summarise the state-of-the-art in test particle simulations and give concrete recipes for generating synthetic turbulence. We present a couple of examples for applications of such simulations and comment on an important conceptual detail in the backtracking of particles.
Towards the Automatic Localization of the Irritative Zone Through Magnetic Source Imaging
Authors: Luria Gianvittorio , Duran Dunja , Visani Elisa , Rossi Sebastiano Davide , Sorrentino Alberto , Tassi Laura , Granvillano Alice , Franceschetti Silvana , Panzica Ferruccio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present work aims at validating a Bayesian multi-dipole modeling algorithm (SESAME) in the clinical scenario consisting of localizing the generators of single interictal epileptiform discharges from resting state magnetoencephalographic recordings. We use the results of Equivalent Current Dipole fitting, performed by an expert user, as a benchmark, and compare the results of SESAME with those of two widely used source localization methods, RAP-MUSIC and wMNE. In addition, we investigate the relation between post-surgical outcome and concordance of the surgical plan with the cerebral lobes singled out by the methods. Unlike dipole fitting, the tested algorithms do not rely on any subjective channel selection and thus contribute towards making source localization more unbiased and automatic. We show that the two dipolar methods, SESAME and RAP-MUSIC, generally agree with dipole fitting in terms of identified cerebral lobes and that the results of the former are closer to the fitted equivalent current dipoles than those of the latter. In addition, for all the tested methods and particularly for SESAME, concordance with surgical plan is a good predictor of seizure freedom while discordance is not a good predictor of poor post-surgical outcome. The results suggest that the dipolar methods, especially SESAME, represent a reliable and more objective alternative to manual dipole fitting for clinical applications in the field of epilepsy surgery.
Outcomes following lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) for 100 cases of lymphedema: results over 24-months follow-up
Authors: Qiu Shan S. , Pruimboom Tim , Cornelissen Anouk J. M. , Schols Rutger M. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , van der Hulst René R. W. J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Lymphedema is a debilitating condition that significantly affects patient’s quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes after lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) for extremity lymphedema.

Methods
A single-center prospective study on upper and lower extremity lymphedema patients was performed. All LVA procedures were preceded by outpatient Indocyanine Green (ICG) lymphography. Quality of life measured by the Lymph-ICF was the primary outcome. Limb circumference, use of compression garments, and frequency of cellulitis episodes and manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) sessions were secondary outcomes.

Results
One hundred consecutive patients, predominantly experiencing upper extremity lymphedema following breast cancer (n = 85), underwent a total of 132 LVAs. During a mean follow-up of 25 months, mean Lymph-ICF score significantly decreased from 43.9 preoperative to 30.6 postoperative, representing significant QoL improvement. Decrease in upper and lower limb circumference was observed in 52% of patients with a mean decrease of 6%. Overall mean circumference was not significantly different. Percentage of patients that could reduce compression garments in the upper and lower extremity group was 65% and 40%, respectively. Number of cellulitis episodes per year and MLD sessions per week showed a mean decrease of respectively 0.6 and 0.8 in the upper extremity and 0.4 and 1.0 in the lower extremity group.

Conclusions
LVA resulted in significant QoL improvement in upper and lower extremity lymphedema patients. Limb circumference did not significantly improve but good results concerning compression garments, cellulitis episodes, and MLD sessions were obtained. Additionally, a simple and patient-friendly method for outpatient ICG lymphography is presented.
N- and O-glycosylation patterns and functional testing of CGB7 versus CGB3/5/8 variants of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) beta subunit
Authors: Biskup Karina , Blanchard Véronique , Castillo-Binder Paola , Alexander Henry , Engeland Kurt , Schug Sindy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe classical function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is its role in supporting pregnancy. hCG is a dimer consisting of two highly glycosylated subunits, alpha (CGA) and beta (CGB). The beta-hCG protein is encoded by CGB3, CGB5, CGB7 and CGB8 genes. CGB3, 5 and 8 code for an identical protein, CGB3/5/8, whereas CGB7 differs in three amino acids from CGB3/5/8. We had observed earlier that CGB7 and CGB3/5/8 display very distinct tissue expression patterns and that the tumor suppressor and transcription factor p53 can activate expression of CGB7 but not of CGB3/5/8 genes. Here, we investigate the glycan structures and possible functional differences of the two CGB variants. To this end, we established a system to produce and isolate recombinant CGA, CGB7 and CGB3/5/8 proteins. We found that N- and O-glycosylation patterns of CGB7 and CGB3/5/8 are quite similar. Functional assays were performed by testing activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and demonstrated that CGB7 and CGB5/5/8 appear to be functionally redundant isoforms, although a slight difference in the kinetics of ERK1/2 pathway activation was observed. This is the first time that biological activity of CGB7 is shown. In summary, the results lead to the hypothesis that CGB7 and CGB3/5/8 do not hold significant functional differences but that timing and cell type of their expression is the key for understanding their divergent evolution.
Shake and Fake: the Role of Interview Anxiety in Deceptive Impression Management
Authors: Powell Deborah M. , Bourdage Joshua S. , Bonaccio Silvia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigated whether anxiety about self-presentation concerns during interviews (i.e., interview anxiety) is associated with applicants’ use of deceptive impression management (IM) tactics. We examined the relationship between interview anxiety and deceptive IM, and we examined whether the personality traits of honesty-humility and extraversion would be indirectly related to deceptive IM through interview anxiety. Participants (N = 202) were recruited after an interview for a research assistant position. Interview anxiety scores were positively related to deceptive IM. Furthermore, there was evidence of a negative indirect effect of honesty-humility on deceptive IM, via overall interview anxiety. Also, extraversion was indirectly associated with deceptive IM through interview anxiety. Results suggest that deceptive IM can be used as a protective mechanism to maintain self-esteem or to avoid the loss of rewards. This paper is the first to examine the role of interview anxiety in interview faking.