bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuity and change in anger and aggressiveness from infancy to childhood: The protective effects of positive parenting
Authors: Perra Oliver , Paine Amy L. , Hay Dale F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarly signs of anger and aggression can be identified in infancy. Our aim was to use person-centered methods to identify which infants were most at risk for clinically significant behavioral problems by age 3 and diagnoses of ODD/CD by 7 years, while considering the role of family risk factors and positive parenting. A representative British community sample of 304 infants was assessed by multiple informants at mean ages of 6, 21, and 36 months of age. Latent Transition Analysis (LTA) identified three ordered subgroups at each age, with one subgroup (18%) displaying high levels of physical force as well as anger. These angry aggressive infants were at elevated risk for behavioral problems in early childhood and diagnoses of conduct disorder (CD) and/or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) at 7 years of age. After other risk factors were taken into account, parents' beliefs in warm parenting and their observed positive affect while interacting with their infants were protective factors. These findings indicate the significance of very early manifestations of angry aggressiveness and have relevance for developmental theories of aggression and prevention strategies.
Focus of negation: Its identification in Spanish
Authors: Taulé Mariona , Nofre Montserrat , González Mónica , Martí Maria Antònia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article describes the criteria for identifying the focus of negation in Spanish. This work involved an in-depth linguistic analysis of the focus of negation through which we identified some 10 different types of criteria that account for a wide variety of constructions containing negation. These criteria account for all the cases that appear in the NewsCom corpus and were assessed in the annotation of this corpus. The NewsCom corpus consists of 2955 comments posted in response to 18 different news articles from online newspapers. The NewsCom corpus contains 2965 negative structures with their corresponding negation marker, scope, and focus. This is the first corpus annotated with focus in Spanish and it is freely available. It is a valuable resource that can be used both for the training and evaluation of systems that aim to automatically detect the scope and focus of negation and for the linguistic analysis of negation grounded in real data.
Constitutional Law, Ecosystems, and Indigenous Peoples in Colombia: Biocultural Rights and Legal Subjects
Authors: Macpherson Elizabeth , Torres Ventura Julia , Clavijo Ospina Felipe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recognition of rivers and related ecosystems as legal persons or subjects is an emerging mechanism in transnational practice available to governments in seeking more effective and collaborative natural resource management, sometimes at the insistence of indigenous peoples. This approach is developing particularly quickly in Colombia, where legal rights for rivers and ecosystems are grasping onto, and evolving out of, constitutional human rights protections. This enables the development of a new type of constitutionalism of nature. Yet legal rights for rivers may obscure the rights of indigenous peoples and their role in resource ownership and governance. We argue that the Colombian river cases serve as a caution to courts and legislatures elsewhere to be mindful, in devising ecosystem rights, of the complex and interrelated rights, interests and tenures of indigenous peoples and local communities.
Hemophilia B — Mutation Rates and Incidence — A Simulation Study
Authors: Stark Alan E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of rare X-linked recessive traits is explored by simulation. The model follows the prevalence of affected males and carrier females as separate but correlated variables. Different mutation rates and selection coefficients are introduced for males and females. A virtual population based on a published study of hemophilia B in the west of Scotland is followed at weekly intervals over many years. Speculative values of critical parameters to mimic the real population are proposed.
Human Genetics Society of Australasia Position Statement: Predictive and Presymptomatic Genetic Testing in Adults and Children
Authors: Vears Danya F. , Ayres Samantha , Boyle Jackie , Mansour Julia , Newson Ainsley J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn 2020, the Human Genetics Society of Australasia released its Position Statement on Predictive and Presymptomatic Genetic Testing in Adults and Children. This Position Statement synthesizes the major practical, psychosocial and ethical considerations associated with presymptomatic and predictive genetic testing in adults who have the capacity to make a decision, children and young people who lack capacity and adults living with reduced or fluctuating capacity. Recommendations include that predictive testing in adults, young people and children should only be offered with pretest genetic counseling and the option of posttest genetic counseling. An individual considering (for themselves or on behalf of another) whether to have a predictive test should also be supported to allow them to make an autonomous and informed decision. Predictive testing should only be offered to children and young people for conditions where there is likely to be a direct medical benefit to them through surveillance, use of prevention strategies or other medical interventions in the immediate future. Where symptoms are likely to develop in childhood, in the absence of options to implement surveillance or risk reduction measures, genetic health professionals and parents/guardians should discuss whether undertaking predictive testing is the best course of action for the child and the family as a whole. Where symptoms are likely to develop in adulthood, the default position should be to postpone predictive testing until the young person achieves the capacity to make their own autonomous and informed decision.
A Data‐Driven Framework to Characterize State‐Level Water Use in the United States
Authors: Wongso E. , Nateghi R. , Zaitchik B. , Quiring S. , Kumar R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccess to credible estimates of water use is critical for making optimal operational decisions and investment plans to ensure reliable and affordable provisioning of water. Furthermore, identifying the key predictors of water use is important for regulators to promote sustainable development policies to reduce water use. In this paper, we propose a data‐driven framework, grounded in statistical learning theory, to develop a rigorously evaluated predictive model of state‐level, per capita water use in the United States as a function of various geographic, climatic, and socioeconomic variables. Specifically, we compare the accuracy of various statistical methods in predicting the state‐level, per capita water use and find that the model based on the random forest algorithm outperforms all other models. We then leverage the random forest model to identify key factors associated with high water‐usage intensity among different sectors in the United States. More specifically, irrigated farming, thermoelectric energy generation, and urbanization were identified as the most water‐intensive anthropogenic activities, on a per capita basis. Among the climate factors, precipitation was found to be a key predictor of per capita water use, with drier conditions associated with higher water usage. Overall, our study highlights the utility of leveraging data‐driven modeling to gain valuable insights related to the water use patterns across expansive geographical areas.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts mediate cancer progression and remodel the tumouroid stroma
Authors: Pape Judith , Magdeldin Tarig , Stamati Katerina , Nyga Agata , Loizidou Marilena , Emberton Mark , Cheema Umber 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly differentiated and heterogeneous cancer-stromal cells that promote tumour growth, angiogenesis and matrix remodelling.

Methods
We utilised an adapted version of a previously developed 3D in vitro model of colorectal cancer, composed of a cancer mass and the surrounding stromal compartment. We compared cancer invasion with an acellular stromal surround, a “healthy” or normal cellular stroma and a cancerous stroma. For the cancerous stroma, we incorporated six patient-derived CAF samples to study their differential effects on cancer growth, vascular network formation and remodelling.

Results
CAFs enhanced the distance and surface area of the invasive cancer mass whilst inhibiting vascular-like network formation. These processes correlated with the upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1) and fibulin-5 (FBLN5). Vascular remodelling of previously formed endothelial structures occurred through the disruption of complex networks, and was associated with the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and downregulation in vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cadherin).

Conclusions
These results support, within a biomimetic 3D, in vitro framework, the direct role of CAFs in promoting cancer invasion, and their key function in driving vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
Unveiling hydrocerussite as an electrochemically stable active phase for efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction to formate
Authors: Shi Yanmei , Ji Yan , Long Jun , Liang Yu , Liu Yang , Yu Yifu , Xiao Jianping , Zhang Bin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor most metal-containing CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) electrocatalysts, the unavoidable self-reduction to zero-valence metal will promote hydrogen evolution, hence lowering the CO2RR selectivity. Thus it is challenging to design a stable phase with resistance to electrochemical self-reduction as well as high CO2RR activity. Herein, we report a scenario to develop hydrocerussite as a stable and active electrocatalyst via in situ conversion of a complex precursor, tannin-lead(II) (TA-Pb) complex. A comprehensive characterization reveals the in situ transformation of TA-Pb to cerussite (PbCO3), and sequentially to hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2), which finally serves as a stable and active phase under CO2RR condition. Both experiments and theoretical calculations confirm the high activity and selectivity over hydrocerussite. This work not only offers a new approach of enhancing the selectivity in CO2RR by suppressing the self-reduction of electrode materials, but also provides a strategy for studying the reaction mechanism and active phases of electrocatalysts.
Cholesterol metabolism drives regulatory B cell IL-10 through provision of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
Authors: Bibby Jack A. , Purvis Harriet A. , Hayday Thomas , Chandra Anita , Okkenhaug Klaus , Rosenzweig Sofia , Aksentijevich Ivona , Wood Michael , Lachmann Helen J. , Kemper Claudia , Cope Andrew P. , Perucha Esperanza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRegulatory B cells restrict immune and inflammatory responses across a number of contexts. This capacity is mediated primarily through the production of IL-10. Here we demonstrate that the induction of a regulatory program in human B cells is dependent on a metabolic priming event driven by cholesterol metabolism. Synthesis of the metabolic intermediate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is required to specifically drive IL-10 production, and to attenuate Th1 responses. Furthermore, GGPP-dependent protein modifications control signaling through PI3Kδ-AKT-GSK3, which in turn promote BLIMP1-dependent IL-10 production. Inherited gene mutations in cholesterol metabolism result in a severe autoinflammatory syndrome termed mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD). Consistent with our findings, B cells from MKD patients induce poor IL-10 responses and are functionally impaired. Moreover, metabolic supplementation with GGPP is able to reverse this defect. Collectively, our data define cholesterol metabolism as an integral metabolic pathway for the optimal functioning of human IL-10 producing regulatory B cells.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals that glioblastoma recapitulates a normal neurodevelopmental hierarchy
Authors: Couturier Charles P. , Ayyadhury Shamini , Le Phuong U. , Nadaf Javad , Monlong Jean , Riva Gabriele , Allache Redouane , Baig Salma , Yan Xiaohua , Bourgey Mathieu , Lee Changseok , Wang Yu Chang David , Wee Yong V. , Guiot Marie-Christine , Najafabadi Hamed , Misic Bratislav , Antel Jack , Bourque Guillaume , Ragoussis Jiannis , Petrecca Kevin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCancer stem cells are critical for cancer initiation, development, and treatment resistance. Our understanding of these processes, and how they relate to glioblastoma heterogeneity, is limited. To overcome these limitations, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 53586 adult glioblastoma cells and 22637 normal human fetal brain cells, and compared the lineage hierarchy of the developing human brain to the transcriptome of cancer cells. We find a conserved neural tri-lineage cancer hierarchy centered around glial progenitor-like cells. We also find that this progenitor population contains the majority of the cancer’s cycling cells, and, using RNA velocity, is often the originator of the other cell types. Finally, we show that this hierarchal map can be used to identify therapeutic targets specific to progenitor cancer stem cells. Our analyses show that normal brain development reconciles glioblastoma development, suggests a possible origin for glioblastoma hierarchy, and helps to identify cancer stem cell-specific targets.
Quantum-dot assisted spectroscopy of degeneracy-lifted Landau levels in graphene
Authors: Keren Itai , Dvir Tom , Zalic Ayelet , Iluz Amir , LeBoeuf David , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Steinberg Hadar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnergy spectroscopy of strongly interacting phases requires probes which minimize screening while retaining spectral resolution and local sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that such probes can be realized using atomic sized quantum dots bound to defects in hexagonal Boron Nitride tunnel barriers, placed at nanometric distance from graphene. With dot energies capacitively tuned by a planar graphite electrode, dot-assisted tunneling becomes highly sensitive to the graphene excitation spectrum. The spectra track the onset of degeneracy lifting with magnetic field at the ground state, and at unoccupied excited states, revealing symmetry-broken gaps which develop steeply with magnetic field - corresponding to Landé g factors as high as 160. Measured up to B = 33 T, spectra exhibit a primary energy split between spin-polarized excited states, and a secondary spin-dependent valley-split. Our results show that defect dots probe the spectra while minimizing local screening, and are thus exceptionally sensitive to interacting states.
κB-Ras and Ral GTPases regulate acinar to ductal metaplasia during pancreatic adenocarcinoma development and pancreatitis
Authors: Beel Stephanie , Kolloch Lina , Apken Lisa H. , Jürgens Lara , Bolle Andrea , Sudhof Nadine , Ghosh Sankar , Wardelmann Eva , Meisterernst Michael , Steinestel Konrad , Oeckinghaus Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with high mortality and therapy resistance. Here, we show that low expression of κB-Ras GTPases is frequently detected in PDAC and correlates with higher histologic grade. In a model of KRasG12D-driven PDAC, loss of κB-Ras accelerates tumour development and shortens median survival. κB-Ras deficiency promotes acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) during tumour initiation as well as tumour progression through intrinsic effects on proliferation and invasion. κB-Ras proteins are also required for acinar regeneration after pancreatitis, demonstrating a general role in control of plasticity. Molecularly, upregulation of Ral GTPase activity and Sox9 expression underlies the observed phenotypes, identifying a previously unrecognized function of Ral signalling in ADM. Our results provide evidence for a tumour suppressive role of κB-Ras proteins and highlight low κB-Ras levels and consequent loss of Ral control as risk factors, thus emphasizing the necessity for therapeutic options that allow interference with Ral-driven signalling.
Immunological and inflammatory profiles in mild and severe cases of COVID-19
Authors: Song Jin-Wen , Zhang Chao , Fan Xing , Meng Fan-Ping , Xu Zhe , Xia Peng , Cao Wen-Jing , Yang Tao , Dai Xiao-Peng , Wang Si-Yu , Xu Ruo-Nan , Jiang Tian-Jun , Li Wen-Gang , Zhang Da-Wei , Zhao Peng , Shi Ming , Agrati Chiara , Ippolito Giuseppe , Maeurer Markus , Zumla Alimuddin , Wang Fu-Sheng , Zhang Ji-Yuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is associated with 5.1% mortality. Although the virological, epidemiological, clinical, and management outcome features of COVID-19 patients have been defined rapidly, the inflammatory and immune profiles require definition as they influence pathogenesis and clinical expression of COVID-19. Here we show lymphopenia, selective loss of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, excessive T-cell activation and high expression of T-cell inhibitory molecules are more prominent in severe cases than in those with mild disease. CD8+ T cells in patients with severe disease express high levels of cytotoxic molecules. Histochemical studies of lung tissue from one fatality show sub-anatomical distributions of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and massive infiltration of T cells and macrophages. Thus, aberrant activation and dysregulation of CD8+ T cells occur in patients with severe COVID-19 disease, an effect that might be for pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and indicate that immune-based targets for therapeutic interventions constitute a promising treatment for severe COVID-19 patients.
Optical parametric amplification of sub-cycle shortwave infrared pulses
Authors: Lin Yu-Chieh , Nabekawa Yasuo , Midorikawa Katsumi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFew–cycle short–wave infrared (SWIR) pulses are useful tools for research on strong–field physics and nonlinear optics. Here we demonstrate the amplification of sub–cycle pulses in the SWIR region by using a cascaded BBO–based optical parametric amplifier (OPA) chain. By virtue of the tailored wavelength of the pump pulse of 708 nm, we successfully obtained a gain bandwidth of more than one octave for a BBO crystal. The division and synthesis of the spectral components of the pulse in a Mach–Zehnder–type interferometer set in front of the final amplifier enabled us to control the dispersion of each spectral component using an acousto–optic programmable dispersive filter inserted in each arm of the interferometer. As a result, we successfully generated 0.73–optical–cycle pulses at 1.8 μm with a pulse energy of 32 μJ.
Light phase detection with on-chip petahertz electronic networks
Authors: Yang Yujia , Turchetti Marco , Vasireddy Praful , Putnam William P. , Karnbach Oliver , Nardi Alberto , Kärtner Franz X. , Berggren Karl K. , Keathley Phillip D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUltrafast, high-intensity light-matter interactions lead to optical-field-driven photocurrents with an attosecond-level temporal response. These photocurrents can be used to detect the carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) of short optical pulses, and enable optical-frequency, petahertz (PHz) electronics for high-speed information processing. Despite recent reports on optical-field-driven photocurrents in various nanoscale solid-state materials, little has been done in examining the large-scale electronic integration of these devices to improve their functionality and compactness. In this work, we demonstrate enhanced, on-chip CEP detection via optical-field-driven photocurrents in a monolithic array of electrically-connected plasmonic bow-tie nanoantennas that are contained within an area of hundreds of square microns. The technique is scalable and could potentially be used for shot-to-shot CEP tagging applications requiring orders-of-magnitude less pulse energy compared to alternative ionization-based techniques. Our results open avenues for compact time-domain, on-chip CEP detection, and inform the development of integrated circuits for PHz electronics as well as integrated platforms for attosecond and strong-field science.
Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in a large Spanish reference hospital
Authors: Garcia-Basteiro Alberto L. , Moncunill Gemma , Tortajada Marta , Vidal Marta , Guinovart Caterina , Jiménez Alfons , Santano Rebeca , Sanz Sergi , Méndez Susana , Llupià Anna , Aguilar Ruth , Alonso Selena , Barrios Diana , Carolis Carlo , Cisteró Pau , Chóliz Eugenia , Cruz Angeline , Fochs Silvia , Jairoce Chenjerai , Hecht Jochen , Lamoglia Montserrat , Martínez Mikel J. , Mitchell Robert A. , Ortega Natalia , Pey Nuria , Puyol Laura , Ribes Marta , Rosell Neus , Sotomayor Patricia , Torres Sara , Williams Sarah , Barroso Sonia , Vilella Anna , Muñoz José , Trilla Antoni , Varela Pilar , Mayor Alfredo , Dobaño Carlota 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHealth care workers (HCW) are a high-risk population to acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection from patients or other fellow HCW. This study aims at estimating the seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in a random sample of HCW from a large hospital in Spain. Of the 578 participants recruited from 28 March to 9 April 2020, 54 (9.3%, 95% CI: 7.1–12.0) were seropositive for IgM and/or IgG and/or IgA against SARS-CoV-2. The cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (presence of antibodies or past or current positive rRT-PCR) was 11.2% (65/578, 95% CI: 8.8–14.1). Among those with evidence of past or current infection, 40.0% (26/65) had not been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Here we report a relatively low seroprevalence of antibodies among HCW at the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain. A large proportion of HCW with past or present infection had not been previously diagnosed with COVID-19, which calls for active periodic rRT-PCR testing in hospital settings.
Motion synchronisation patterns of the carotid atheromatous plaque from B-mode ultrasound
Authors: Golemati Spyretta , Patelaki Eleni , Gastounioti Aimilia , Andreadis Ioannis , Liapis Christos D. , Nikita Konstantina S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAsynchronous movement of the carotid atheromatous plaque from B-mode ultrasound has been previously reported, and associated with higher risk of stroke, but not quantitatively estimated. Based on the hypothesis that asynchronous plaque motion is associated with vulnerable plaque, in this study, synchronisation patterns of different tissue areas were estimated using cross-correlations of displacement waveforms. In 135 plaques (77 subjects), plaque radial deformation was synchronised by approximately 50% with the arterial diameter, and the mean phase shift was 0.4 s. Within the plaque, the mean phase shifts between the displacements of the top and bottom surfaces were 0.2 s and 0.3 s, in the radial and longitudinal directions, respectively, and the synchronisation about 80% in both directions. Classification of phase-shift-based features using Random Forests yielded Area-Under-the-Curve scores of 0.81, 0.79, 0.89 and 0.90 for echogenicity, symptomaticity, stenosis degree and plaque risk, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that echolucent, high-stenosis and high-risk plaques exhibited higher phase shifts between the radial displacements of their top and bottom surfaces. These findings are useful in the study of plaque kinematics.