bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidacy for Amplification in Children With Hearing Loss: A Review of Guidelines and Recommendations
Authors: Fitzpatrick Elizabeth M. , Cologrosso Emilia , Sikora Lindsey 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The 1st point in the intervention process for the majority of children is the fitting of hearing devices. The objective of this review was to compile guidelines and recommendations for candidacy criteria for children with hearing loss.

Method
Electronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE, Embase, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and websites were searched. Any document referring to children with hearing loss that discussed amplification guidelines or protocols was included. Documents specific to implantable devices or addressing only remote microphone systems were excluded. One reviewer screened all potentially relevant documents, and a subset was screened by a 2nd reviewer. Guidelines/recommendations referring to pediatric amplification candidacy were extracted.

Results
A total of 40 documents were included for data extraction. Studies were categorized according to hearing loss of any degree, with separate categories for documents providing specific criteria for mild bilateral, unilateral, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders. Guidelines ranged from generic statements about the need for amplification to criteria based on specific audiometric thresholds. In guidelines recommending audiometric cut-points, the majority considered > 25 dB HL as a criterion for consideration for amplification. Overall, guidelines for children with mild bilateral and unilateral loss remain more ambiguous, and there was some variation across the recommendations. Guidelines for auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder stressed the need to obtain results from behavioral audiometry before considering amplification.

Conclusions
Numerous organizations have established candidacy guidelines for pediatric amplification. Most guidelines specify criteria for amplification as audiometric threshold levels. There is considerable variation in the guidelines for mild bilateral and unilateral hearing loss with candidacy criteria ranging from 15 to 30 dB HL, and many guidelines recommend a case-by-case decision approach.
Study on the performance of X‐ray machines used in K‐fluorescent devices
Authors: Li Mengshi , Lu Xingqiang , Wu Jinjie , Guo Siming 
Published: December 2019

Since Roentgen discovered X‐rays, X‐rays have been widely used in medical diagnosis and industrial non‐destructive testing. With the improvement of the performance of aviation technology and instrumentation, higher requirements have been set for the calibration of detectors. X‐ray machine performance is very important for calibration. Tube voltage, tube current, and inherent filtration are important parameters of the X‐ray machine and directly affect the image imaging quality and radiation dose. Here, the voltage performance of the X‐ray machine was measured using HPGe detector. Measure the tube voltage of the X‐ray machine using the end of the spectrum method, it is shown that the performance of the X‐ray machine shows the tube voltage within ±2%. Measurement of the linearity of the X‐ray tube current and current stability using the PTW30013 ionisation chamber. The relative deviation of the actual measured tube current is 0.08%. The inherent filtration of the X‐ray machine was measured by the half‐value layer method, and the inherent filtration was 0.058 mm Al. The inherent filtration of the K‐fluorescent device was measured to be 1.487 mm Al.
Evaporative cooling of icy interstellar grains
Authors: Kalvāns Juris , Kalnin Juris Roberts 
Published: December 2019

Context. While radiative cooling of interstellar grains is a well-known process, little detail is known about the cooling of grains with an icy mantle that contains volatile adsorbed molecules.
Aims. We explore basic details for the cooling process of an icy grain with properties relevant to dark interstellar clouds.
Methods. Grain cooling was described with the help of a numerical code considering a grain with an icy mantle that is structured in monolayers and containing several volatile species in proportions consistent with interstellar ice. Evaporation was treated as first-order decay. Diffusion and subsequent thermal desorption of bulk-ice species was included. Temperature decrease from initial temperatures of 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, and 20 K was studied, and we also followed the composition of ice and evaporated matter.
Results. We find that grain cooling occurs by partially successive and partially overlapping evaporation of different species. The most volatile molecules (such as N2) first evaporate at the greatest rate and are most rapidly depleted from the outer ice monolayers. The most important coolant is CO, but evaporation of more refractory species, such as CH4 and even CO2, is possible when the former volatiles are not available. Cooling of high-temperature grains takes longer because volatile molecules are depleted faster and the grain has to switch to slow radiative cooling at a higher temperature. For grain temperatures above 40 K, most of the thermal energy is carried away by evaporation. Evaporation of the nonpolar volatile species induces a complete change of the ice surface, as the refractory polar molecules (H2O) are left behind.
Conclusions. The effectiveness of thermal desorption from heated icy grains (e.g., the yield of cosmic-ray-induced desorption) is primarily controlled by the thermal energy content of the grain and the number and availability of volatile molecules.
The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS)
Authors: Longobardi A. , Boselli A. , Boissier S. , Bianchi S. , Andreani P. , Sarpa E. , Nanni A. , Miville-Deschênes M. 
Published: December 2019

Aims. We present the first detection of diffuse dust in the intra-cluster medium of the Virgo cluster out to ∼0.4 virial radii, and study the radial variation of its properties on a radial scale of the virial radius.
Methods. Analysing near-UV – i colours for a sample of ∼12 000 background galaxies with redshifts 0.02 <  z <  0.8, we find significant colour reddening and relate it to variation in E(B − V) values.
Results. The E(B − V) mean profile shows a dust component characterised by an average reddening E(B − V) ∼ 0.042 ± 0.004 mag within 1.5 degrees (∼0.3 rvir) from the cluster centre. Assuming a Large Magellanic Cloud extinction law, we derive an average visual extinction AV = 0.14 ± 0.01 for a total dust mass, Md = 2.5 ± 0.2 × 109 M⊙, hence a dust-to-gas mass ratio Md/Mg = 3.0 ± 0.3 × 10−4. Based on the upper limits on the flux density I250μm = 0.1 MJy sr−1 derived from Herschel data, we estimate an upper limit for the dust temperature of Td ∼ 10 K. However, similar densities can be obtained with dust at higher temperatures with lower emissivities.
Conclusions. The Virgo cluster has diffuse dust in its intra-cluster medium characterised by different physical properties as those characterising the Milky Way dust. The diffuse dust in Virgo is transported into the cluster space through similar phenomena (stripping) as those building up the optical intra-cluster light, and it constitutes an additional cooling agent of the cluster gas.
Connecting Teaching and Research in Homoeopathy: Why and How?
Authors: Nayak Chaturbhuja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLinking teaching with research in any stream is the need of the hour. Homoeopathy, being an integral part of health care delivery system in India and many other countries, goes no exception to it. Both teaching and research are inter-related, dependent and complementary to each other. Without quality teaching, research is like learning without curiosity, or like cataract surgery without restoring visual equity, or like studying Materia Medica without knowledge in Organon of Medicine. Similarly, sans high standard research, teaching in any medical discipline is like searching without direction, or like operating upon a human subject without knowing anatomy. In spite of the fact that some of the teaching institutions have taken up research projects and the outcomes of such research studies have been published in reputed medical journals, yet the quality of such articles needs further improvement. Many homoeopathy research organisations as well as the researchers, on certain aspects, have failed to update with the recent advancements in the field of education. Absence of mandatory provision for conducting research in teaching curriculum at undergraduate (UG) level and lack of proper training on research methodology and biostatistics at postgraduate (PG) level have led to the non-involvement of academicians and students in research studies. As a result, a void has been created in scientific publications by the faculty and students of homoeopathic colleges. The latest progresses in the field of research are useful for teaching of the individual subjects of UG and PG courses. The academicians as well as the researchers have to sit and discuss across the table the modalities of meaningful integration of teaching and research for mutual benefit. Hence, different facets of connecting teaching and research need to be deliberated upon to find out mutually acceptable solutions.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: PROTOTYPE OF IMMUNE COMPLEX NEPHRITIS IN MAN
Authors: Koffler D. , Agnello V. , Thoburn R. , Kunkel H. G. 
Published: December 2019

Serological studies, immunofluorescence studies, and immunochemical assays of glomerular eluates indicate that several antigen-antibody systems may be involved in the pathogenesis of the tissue lesions of SLE. The NDNA-anti-NDNA system appears to be operative in most patients with active SLE. In addition, antibodies to SDNA are found with considerable frequency in SLE sera and glomerular eluates. It is not known if these antibodies fix to NDNA which has been denatured after deposition in glomeruli or if SDNA-anti-DNA complexes are deposited initially. NDNA antigen has been demonstrated in both serum and glomerular deposits, and SDNA determinants have also been found in glomerular deposits. In addition, there is evidence that rheumatoid factor contributes to the immune complex deposition in certain patients either by fixing to preformed immune complexes or as part of an independent γ-globulin-anti-γ-globulin system.
It is anticipated that the definition of these immune systems, and the assessment of their relative toxicity will provide insight into underlying etiologic factors as well as provide a sound basis for therapy in this form of glomerulonephritis.
IMMUNOLOGIC INJURY OF RENAL HOMOGRAFTS
Authors: Milgrom F. , Klassen J. , Fuji H. 
Published: December 2019

Rejection of renal allografts in man and animals is most frequently induced by cell-mediated immunity, the morphologic hallmark of which is the infiltration of the graft by mononuclear cells. In some presensitized recipients rejection may be mediated by humoral transplantation antibodies, and this is characterized clinically by a rapid tempo of rejection and morphologically by accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and renal cortical necrosis.
In recipients treated with immunosuppressive drugs, most renal allografts function well for over 1 yr. However, late deterioration is observed in many grafts. This may take the form of proliferative glomerulonephritis with accumulation of immunoglobulin and complement along glomerular basement membranes. This glomerular lesion of the graft may be of immunologic nature without being rejection. In many instances the glomerular lesion may be due to recurrence of the original disease of the recipient. In other instances it may represent a de novo immunologic process induced by the response to antigens shared by the graft and recipient as evidenced by animal experiments.
The glomerular lesion in the graft may also be caused by humoral transplantation antibodies. Therefore, the final outcome of the renal transplantation may to a great extent depend on the strength of transplantation antibody response, being more favorable for low than high responders.
THE VALUE OF IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE IN THE STUDY OF HUMAN RENAL DISEASE
Authors: McCluskey Robert T. 
Published: December 2019

Immunofluorescence is a useful technique in the study of human renal diseases, both from the point of view of elucidating pathogenic mechanisms and as a diagnostic tool.
The finding of characteristic staining patterns for immunoglobulins and complement indicates that many forms of glomerulonephritis are immune complex diseases and that a few are due to anti-GBM antibodies. On the other hand, in lipoid nephrosis and toxemia of pregnancy, deposits of immunoglobulins and complement are generally absent, indicating that immunologic mechanisms are probably not responsible for these glomerular diseases.
The finding of fibrin or other fibrinogen derivatives in glomeruli in toxemia of pregnancy and in certain forms of glomulonephritis supports the interpretation that these substances play a pathogenic role in certain glomerular diseases.
The use of immunofluorescence has led to the recognition of two previously unrecognized renal diseases: nephropathy with mesangial IgA-IgG deposits (Berger), and a tubular disorder with deposits of immunoglobulins and complement along the basement membrane.
THE QUANTIC AND STATISTICAL BASES OF VISUAL EXCITATION
Authors: Baumgardt Ernest L. M. 
Published: December 2019

In the article entitled "The quantic and statistical bases of visual excitation" (J. Gen. Physiol., 1947–48, 31, 269), in footnote 1, at the bottom of page 274, read, The product k (k–1) ..., may be written
See PDF for Equation.
On page 284, in equation (1) add, t = mτ; m = 1,2,3....
I take this occasion to call attention to the fact that in 1944 van der Velden developed two equations, one of which described the variation of liminal energy with the flash time and the other this variation with the visual angle of the spot; both of them apply in the case of homogeneous populations of receptors (rods). These equations are very similar to mine, obtained in an entirely different manner and published nearly 4 years later. In fact, until very recently I was not aware of the equations of van der Velden, published in Physica, 1944, 11, 179, because the papers published in that journal, and particularly those which are written in Dutch, generally become known to French physiologists as abstracts which are often incomplete.
Thus the priority of the theoretical basis of the empirical laws which are directly related to the two equations in question belongs entirely to van der Velden.
ERNEST L. M. BAUMGARDT
In Vol. 31, No. 3, January 20, 1948, page 261, in equation (1) for H2 read H1.
On page 262, in equation (5) for H read H2.
On page 265, in the third line from the bottom of the page, for 4 c.mm. read 5.24 c.mm.
On the same page, in the second line from the bottom of the page, for 5 c.mm. read 6.86 c.mm.
Preface
Authors: Vlachos Dimitrios S. 
Published: December 2019

The 8th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences (IC-MSQUARE) took place at Bratislava, Slovakia, from Monday, 26th of August, to Thursday, 29th of August 2019.
The Conference was attended by more than 150 participants and hosted about 230 oral, poster, and virtual presentations while counted more than 650 pre-registered authors. The 8th IC-MSQUARE consisted of different and diverging workshops and thus covered various research fields where Mathematical Modeling is used, such as Theoretical/Mathematical Physics, Neutrino Physics, Non-Integrable Systems, Dynamical Systems, Computational Nanoscience, Biological Physics, Computational Biomechanics, Complex Networks, Stochastic Modeling, Fractional Statistics, DNA Dynamics, Macroeconomics etc.
The scientific program was rather heavy, however, according to all attendees, the program was excellent with high level of talks and the scientific environment was fruitful, thus all attendees had a creative time.
We would like to thank the hosting Slovak Academy of Sciences for providing their infrastructure for the needs of the Conference. We also would like to thank the Members of the International Scientific Committees as well as the Members of the Organizing Committee.
The Conference Chairman
Dimitrios Vlachos
University of Peloponnese
List of Editor, International Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.
Probabilistic estimate of indoor radon distribution in Abruzzo (central Italy): comparison of different statistical methods
Authors: Pasculli A , Rizzo F , Zazzini P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Since some years ago in Abruzzo (Central Italy), through a number of monitoring campaigns, a set of more than 1900 indoor radon measures has been acquired by the Regional Agency for the environmental protection. Thus, on the basis of these public experimental data, different statistical approaches, aimed to estimate the probability to exceed the level of 200 Bq/m3 (lower than 300 Bq/m3, threshold value currently recommended by the Euratom commission for indoor radon risk acceptability), taken just as a working reference value, have been selected and discussed in this paper. Essentially, ‘Monte Carlo Empirical Bayesian approach’, ‘Bootstrap’ and ‘Gibbs samplers’ methods have been applied and the results have been partially compared. Moreover, some insights on the minimum number of samples, needed to assess the probability distribution as reasonable as possible, are provided.
Mathematical Evaluation of Managing the Investment Activity (The Example of Food Industry in the Republic Of Tatarstan)
Authors: Vakhitova Tina , Gadelshina Landish , Zulfakarova Liliya , Garifova Liliya , Mokichev Sergei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Now, when the Russian economy entered a positive phase of the cycle in 2017-2018, with minimal losses to adapt to external shocks arising in previous years. Against the background of improving quantitative indicators in Russia and its individual regions, there is a deterioration in the structural parameters that characterize the quality of economic growth. There are certain methodological and organizational bases of regulation of investment activity in the region, making possible to research the investment efficiency evaluation, considering the time lag on the example of the food industry of the Republic of Tatarstan. The article discusses various mathematical approaches and methods of managing the selection of investment projects, macroeconomic factors that are forming the investing appeal of regions and industries.
Mesoscopic model for nano-channel confined DNA
Authors: Zoli Marco 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
I present a Hamiltonian model and a computational method suitable to evaluate structural and thermodynamic properties of helical molecules embedded in crowded environments which may confine the space available to the base pair fluctuations. It is shown that, for the specific case of a short DNA fragment in a nanochannel, the molecule is markedly over-twisted and stretched by narrowing the width of the channel.
A Monte Carlo study of a cooperative three-state model with adsorption and evaporation and its applications
Authors: Mazilu D. A. , Withers M. O. , Hanstedt W. , Gibbs S. , Lorson A. P. , Mazilu I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a versatile cooperative three-state model with adsorption and evaporation defined on different topologies: two- and three-dimensional lattices and Cayley trees. We discuss this model in the context of two main applications: silica and titania self-assembled optical coatings on glass substrates and drug encapsulation of two different types of nanoparticles on tree-like synthetic polymers called dendrimers and described mathematically as Cayley trees. We present analytical and Monte Carlo simulation results for these different topologies and discuss other possible extensions of the model to social sciences.
Eu-induced lattice vibrations in Gd2O3 crystals
Authors: Kislov A N , Zatsepin A F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effect of trivalent Eu impurity occupying a position with the S6 site symmetry in cubic Gd2O3 on the latter’s structure and phonon spectrum is investigated. This study was performed by means of computer modeling within a shell model. The equilibrium structures and phonon local symmetrized densities of states were calculated. In addition, frequencies of localized vibrations induced by Eu ion were determined. The calculated results were compared with the available experimental data in literature.
Modelling the Control of the Motor For A Experiment to Measure the Gravity Speed
Authors: Fabricio C. A. , Frajuca C , da Silva D. M. , Bortoli F S , Sanchez E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Brushless DC motors (BLDCM) are recognized for their high efficiency and low maintenance cost and are continuously subject to change in applications without motion control. The BLDCM can be used as an option to traditional switched reluctance motors. For the control of the speed of permanent magnet motors the more common is an integral proportional control (PI). The PI drivers are widely used because of a simple, easy-to-implement control structure, but they are presented as control complexities, such as non-linearity, parametric load perturbations and protection. The use of this method of pulse control (PWM) using a SIMULINK/MATLAB simulation to obtain the values necessary to control the speed of the brushless motor used in the gravitational wave calibrator prototype. SIMULINK/MATLAB is used to become a reliable and flexible simulation. The command will be used for precision accuracy of a ten thousand version of the calibrator.
A discrete Nambu bracket for 2D extended Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Kaltsas D A , Kraus M , Throumoulopoulos G N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this note we propose a trilinear bracket formulation for the Hamiltonian extended Magnetohydrodynamics (XMHD) model with homogeneous mass density. The corresponding two-dimensional representation is derived by performing spatial reduction on the three-dimensional bracket, upon introducing a symmetric representation for the field variables. Subsequently, the trilinear bracket of the resulting two-dimensional, four-field model is discretized using a finite difference scheme, which results in semi-discrete dynamics that involve the Arakawa Jacobian. Simulations of planar dynamics show that this scheme respects the desired conservation properties to high precision.
Optimization mathematical models of the peaceful subordinating interactions of two States
Authors: Zakharov V K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pioneer dynamic mathematical optimization models of the peaceful subordinating interactions between two States in favor of one of them are created on the platform of the dynamic mathematical optimization model of a State, earlier constructed and investigated by the author from both theoretical and applied points of view. These models appear to be the totally new ones, since their active agents are States and not firms or another smaller subjects of the economics. Consequently at the current time moment they are purely conceptual. Neither theoretical nor practical methods of solution of the formulated optimization problem are considered in the paper.