bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo-catalytic response of zinc-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles for removal of chromium from industrial wastewater
Authors: Shoaib-ur-Rehman M , Javaid Z , Asghar I , Azam M , Shukrullah S , Iqbal F , Maqsood A , Naz M Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, Ni-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation technique and used to remove the chromium (Cr) metal from the industrial wastewater. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their structural properties and morphology by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The average particle size of synthesized nanoparticles was calculated by applying the Scherrer’s formula on the characteristic peaks of XRD patterns. The large surface area, controlled size and well-defined structure of the synthesized Ni-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles showed remarkable results for wastewater treatment. The characterized nanoparticles were distributed into the industrial wastewater under constant stirring for 20 minutes. The nanoparticles’ suspension was subjected to UV–VIS spectrophotometry for the study of photo-catalytic behaviour of Ni-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. The effect of Ni-ZnFe2O4 was investigated under visible light irradiation. Zn doping in Ni-ZnFe2O4 showed remarkable effect on efficiency of Cr removal from the wastewater.
Activation energy of domestic wastewater sludge in combustion process by using thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Zakaria M S , Hassan S , Faizairi M N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The increasing demand of energy and environmental problem due to the consumption of fossil fuel has led the exploration of biomass fuel as an alternative energy. One of the potential biomass feedstocks that is available in Malaysia is Domestic Wastewater Sludge (DWS). In this study, DWS fuel characterization and the effect of experimental condition such as gaseous atmosphere, heating rate and particle size to the thermal behaviour of DWS has been carried out. In addition, kinetic parameter such as activation energy was determined by using the iso-conversional model free kinetic method, Flynn Wall Ozawa (FWO) model. Furthermore, lower heating rate and smaller particle size of DWS produced more volatile gas (84.51%), resulted to low ignition temperature (209°C) and low burnout temperature (515°C). Higher volatile indicates that it can accelerate the ignition process. In addition, low ignition temperature and low burnout temperature reveal that DWS can be ignited easily and shorten the time for combustion process. Based on the finding, the average activation energy for combustion of DWS which is about 143.86 kJ/mol.
Characterization of manganese/cobalt oxide composites synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method
Authors: Altaf N-H , Anjam T , Sajid M M , Shad N A , Shukrullah S , Naz M Y , Javed Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Composite materials have emerged as new class of materials which presented unique and enhanced applications in the nanotechnology field. In this study, Cobalt oxide-manganese oxide composites have been prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. Cobalt oxide particles were first prepared and used as seeds for making composites with manganese oxide. These composites have been characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy and FTIR. Characterization tools confirmed the formation of Manganese/Cobalt oxide composites. XRD results presented the diffraction peaks for cobalt oxide, manganese oxide and MnCo2O4 compounds. FTIR spectrum also indicated the formation of bonds between Mn, Co and O especially at 461 cm−1 shows MnCO2O4 bonding. These composite materials absorb visible light of wavelength 682 nm and can be used in light activated photocatalytic activity for the degradation of toxic dyes.
A review of synthesis roots of iron nanoparticles
Authors: Anjam T , Altaf N U H , Ahmad W , Sajid M A , Munir M A , Aslam M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nanoscience is a standout amongst the most significant innovative work action in the outskirt of current science. From most recent two decades the nanotechnology and nanoscience have increased more significance in the field of research because of the enormous scale applications. The present work audits crafted by various researchers for the planning of iron nanoparticles by various procedures. Iron is a standout amongst the richest and generally utilized components on earth. Iron nanoparticles have a tremendous potential for various applications including magnetic liquids, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) differentiate operators, catalyst for carbon nanotube development, nickel-iron batteries, and impetuses and sorbents for natural remediation. The preparation of iron nanoparticles by different methods, pulsed plasma, chemical reduction, chemical vapour condensation, one-step reduction, Green synthesis and Biosynthesis, its advantage over other processes are described. In this review article attempt has been made to compare each process by categorizing them specifically.
Effect of superficial air velocity on the fluidized bed drying performance of stingless bee pot-pollen
Authors: Halim L A , Basrawi M F , Faizal S N , Yudin A S M , Yusof T M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stingless bees or “kelulut” also produce pot-pollen apart from honey. The pot-pollen is mixed with honey and bee secretion before stored in cerumen pots. It has high nutritive value and medicinal benefits. Pot-pollens are often neglected by the beekeepers due to difficulty in storing and preserving them due to high moisture content. Hence, fluidized bed dryer is proposed as a suitable method to dry and enable convenient storage and preservation of the pot-pollen. Pot-pollen sample of initial moisture content 30.5% is dried at three superficial air velocities, 1.0 m/s, 1.5 m/s, and 2.0 m/s for 30 minutes. Fluidized bed drying has managed to decrease the moisture content down to 23%, 20.5%, and 18.5%, respectively. Higher superficial air velocity lead to higher drying rate in of pot-pollen. Hence, using a fluidized bed dryer to dry stingless bee pot-pollen is a promising method for preserving them. Subsequently, the dried pot-pollen can be easily commercialized in the future.
Drying process of black pepper in a swirling fluidized bed dryer using experimental method
Authors: Roslan N F M , Yudin A S M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Black pepper (piper nigrum) is one of the well-known spices extensively used worldwide. Drying is the most popular methods of preserving the black pepper. Unfortunately, this operation may negatively influence product quality. Moreover, due to the high heat capacity of water, drying is usually a long-lasting and energy-intensive process, thus new drying techniques are continuously being sought. Fluidized bed dryers have been applied to dry raw materials due to the advantages of good mixing efficiency and high heat and mass transfer rate. In order to control and optimize the drying process of fluidized bed dryers, it is necessary to develop reliable methods to measure the moisture content of solid particles in the bed. For this project we dried the black pepper using two methods which is drying under sun drying and swirling fluidized bed dryer using heater. The temperature for both drying will be the same. Then, the characteristic and the drying moisture ratio of the black pepper were compared between these two drying methods. The performance of the swirling fluidized bed dryer was evaluated based on the percentage of moisture content of loss reduction. The time taken for this drying is 10 hours, which considered as 1 day of drying process. The percentage of moisture content loss reduction is 57.9%. The moisture ratio after 10 hours of drying is 0.3420. In conclusion, drying using swirling fluidized bed dryer is the new technology that can be used in drying industry.
Performance of Al2O3-SiO2/PAG employed composite nanolubricant in automotive air conditioning (AAC) system
Authors: Zawawi N N M , Azmi W H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Automotive Air conditioning (AAC) system is the contributor of harmful gasses emission and global warming. In order to solve the issues, investigation on potential improvement in lubrication used in air conditioning system is done to improve the system performance and efficiency. The performance of AAC system namely cooling capacity, compressor work, coefficient of performance (COP) and power consumption was investigated by comparing pure lubricant and Al2O3-SiO2/PAG nanolubricants. Performance of AAC by using different ranges of refrigerant charges (95 to 155 g) and speeds (1200 and 1800 rpm) was investigated. The result shows that the cooling capacity and COP of pure lubricant were relatively lower than Al2O3-SiO2/PAG nanolubricants. The compressor work and power consumptions of Al2O3-SiO2/PAG nanolubricants were greatly reduced. Cooling capacity and COP are enhanced by 102.99% and 23% respectively. The compressor work and power consumption are reduced by 25.9% and 28.24% respectively. From the results, nanolubricants gives more advantages in AAC performance over pure lubricant. Therefore, Al2O3-SiO2/PAG composite nanolubricants is recommended to be used as the compressor lubrication to enhance AAC performances system.
Characterization of TiO2 nanopaint for automotive application
Authors: Sakinah S Z A , Azmi W H , Alias J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nanopaint is a coating that can modify the properties of a surface or substance according to user-defined parameters. Like ordinary paint, nanopaint is applied as a liquid and then hardens. Nanopaint is a suspension of liquid containing metal or non-metallic nanoparticles of typical size (1-100 nm) dispersed into the base coat paint. Single composite of Titanium oxide nanoparticle is consider an extension of research work for single nanopaint, which can be carry out through dispersed composites in basecoat paint. This paper presents characterization of single composition of TiO2 nanopaint for automotive application. The nanopaint mixture was prepared at volume concentration of 1.0% using two-step method. The nanoparticles used namely TiO2 is dispersed in a base fluid of polyester white paint. The investigation on the characterization for the nanopaint in the present study is conduct through adhesion cutter, SEM, Gloss meter and surface roughness meter. The findings from the investigations on the characterization of nanopaint show that the paint each all the required value for the normal paint characterization. Comparison data between 1% weight concentrations for nanopaint to the normal paint also confirm the increase in the surface roughness quality which is 0.10 less surface deviation compare to normal paint and gloss value up to 26% more glossier. It can be concluded that the nanopaint were successfully prepared and achieved good characterization.
Heat transfer characteristics of car radiator using tri-hybrid nanocoolant
Authors: Ramadhan A I , Azmi W H , Mamat R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The use of nanoparticle coolant fluid in the car radiator increases the rate of heat transfer and facilitates the reduction of the overall radiator size. In this study, heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids-based water/ethylene glycol were analysed experimentally and compared with water/ethylene glycol mixture. Four different nanofluids concentrations were prepared by adding 0.05 to 0.3 vol.% of tri-hybrid nanofluid nanoparticles dispersed a mixture of water/ethylene glycol (60:40). Experiments were carried out by varying the flow rate of coolant between 2 to 12 LPM for working temperature of 70 °C, the velocity of airflow remained at an average of 4 m/s in order to analyse the effect of coolant flow rate on heat transfer. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient of Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids or tri-hybrid nanofluids increased with increasing volume concentrations and temperatures. The maximum enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient for coolant side is observed at 39.7% at 0.3% volume concentration. The pressure drop and pumping power have the same pattern which increasing in volume concentrations, the pressure drop and pumping power will increase due to the concentration of the nanofluids. The correlation is applicable for water/ethylene glycol (60:40) mixture and Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids with volume concentrations of 0.05 to 0.3% at 70 °C working temperature.
Fundamental study on the effect of Reynolds number on pipe frictional loss reduction by microbubbles
Authors: Alias E A , Saniman M N F , Dzaharudin F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Microbubbles (MB) injection method is undeniably a promising drag reduction device in water transport. However, the mechanism of drag reduction by MB is complicated and poorly known. This paper presents the effect of Reynolds number on the frictional reduction by MB in a piping system. A fluid friction apparatus and a hydraulic bench were used to execute the experiment. To verify the ability of MB in reducing frictional loss, experiments were carried out in two conditions, without MB and with MB. In order to investigate the effect of turbulent flows, experiments were performed in three different flow rates ranging from 9 × 10−5 to 0.008 m3/s in two types of pipe diameter (20 mm and 33 mm) to yield different Reynolds number. As the results, MB able to reduce frictional loss in pipe up to 20%. However, regarding the Reynolds number effect, no apparent tendency of the frictional reduction efficiency can be observed between Reynolds number 4000-9500. Overall, MB holds potential in reducing pipe frictional loss in turbulent flow. However, further study in wider range of Reynolds number is required to comprehend its tendency.
The development of an aftermarket intercooler spray for turbocharged vehicles using ethylene glycol and hyaluronic acid
Authors: Ma’arof M I N , Chala G T , Suresh Sathurshan , Suresh Shaheerthana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Intercooler is used in motor vehicles to cool the air compressed by a turbocharger. Engine heat and weather condition commonly influence the efficiency of the intercooler, and this in turn affects the overall engine’s power output. The objective of this study was to design and develop an autonomous cooling system for top-mounted intercooler. The system was powered by Arduino Uno microcontroller that gathers data from the temperature sensor and triggers the spraying mechanism automatically when required. Besides, the system could also be operated manually via a switch by the user. The experimental results showed that the efficiency of the normal intercooler without the spray cooling unit was improved from 56.52% to 90.72% and the minimum possible efficiency with the spray cooling unit was 32.38% more efficient. Upon using ethylene glycol as the spray medium, the system achieved 90.70% efficiency. Even so, hyaluronic acid had the most effective heat absorbing capacity as its efficiency was 90.72%. This proved that the cooling process through spray cooling unit had a vast improvement on the efficiency of the intercooling system. Generally, for all three independent variables, temperature drop increases with the increasing amount of pressure created by the additional pumps, hence, efficiency of the system increases. However, for hyaluronic acid, the efficiency is also dependent on its texture and viscosity. This newly designed portable plug-and-play intercooler spray unit would be beneficial to increase the performance of the intercooler by improving the heat exchange capacity of the unit. For future studies, other types of spray cooling medium or combinations of several cooling mediums could be tested.
Improving Diversity and Promoting Inclusion in the Society for Epidemiologic Research Through Choice of Conference Location
Authors: Johnson Candice Y , Chin Helen B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Scientific conferences provide attendees opportunities to network, share research, learn new skills and ideas, and initiate collaborations. Conference attendance is especially important for students and early-career researchers who are establishing their research careers or looking for jobs. However, attending conferences can be expensive, and the high cost of conference attendance might hit students and early-career researchers the hardest. According to a new member survey from the Society for Epidemiologic Research, early-career members are more racially and ethnically diverse than senior members, meaning that reducing financial barriers to conference participation might be an important consideration for increasing diversity among conference attendees. In this commentary, we discuss how choice of conference location—choosing less expensive cities nearer to more Society for Epidemiologic Research members—could reduce financial and other barriers to conference attendance for all members and improve diversity and inclusion in the Society.
The Society for Epidemiologic Research and the Future of Diversity and Inclusion in Epidemiology
Authors: Gilman Stephen E , Arah Onyebuchi A , Bates Lisa M , Branas Charles C , Cozier Yvette C , Datta Geetanjali D , DeVilbiss Elizabeth A , Fink David S , Hajat Anjum , Johnson Dayna A , Lopez David S , Morris Meghan D , Weuve Jennifer , Abuelezam Nadia N ,   on behalf of the Diversity and Inclusion Committee of the Society for Epidemiologic Research
Published: June 2020

Abstract
“The mission of the Diversity and Inclusion Committee (D&I) in the Society for Epidemiologic Research is to foster the diversity of our membership and work towards the engagement of all members, from diverse backgrounds at all stages of their careers, in the Society’s activities, with the intent of enhancing discovery in public health.” As a foundational step in implementing our mission, the D&I Committee conducted a survey of SER membership. Here we report on the efforts we have undertaken to expand the diversity and inclusiveness of our Society and our aspirations for future efforts in support of D&I. Early on, we established the SERvisits program to conduct outreach to institutions and students that have historically been underrepresented at SER; we hope this program continues to grow in its reach and impact. We have also taken steps to increase the inclusiveness of SER activities, for example, by engaging members on issues of D&I through symposia and workshops at SER annual meetings and through social media. DeVilbiss et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2020;189(10):998–1010) have demonstrated that there is substantial room for improvement with regards to diversity and inclusion within SER. We invite SER members to become involved and collaborate on this long-term goal.
Microelectrode recordings in human epilepsy: a case for clinical translation
Authors: Chari Aswin , Thornton Rachel C , Tisdall Martin M , Scott Rodney C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With their ‘all-or-none’ action potential responses, single neurons (or units) are accepted as the basic computational unit of the brain. There is extensive animal literature to support the mechanistic importance of studying neuronal firing as a way to understand neuronal microcircuits and brain function. Although most studies have emphasized physiology, there is increasing recognition that studying single units provides novel insight into system-level mechanisms of disease. Microelectrode recordings are becoming more common in humans, paralleling the increasing use of intracranial electroencephalography recordings in the context of presurgical evaluation in focal epilepsy. In addition to single-unit data, microelectrode recordings also record local field potentials and high-frequency oscillations, some of which may be different to that recorded by clinical macroelectrodes. However, microelectrodes are being used almost exclusively in research contexts and there are currently no indications for incorporating microelectrode recordings into routine clinical care. In this review, we summarize the lessons learnt from 65 years of microelectrode recordings in human epilepsy patients. We cover the electrode constructs that can be utilized, principles of how to record and process microelectrode data and insights into ictal dynamics, interictal dynamics and cognition. We end with a critique on the possibilities of incorporating single-unit recordings into clinical care, with a focus on potential clinical indications, each with their specific evidence base and challenges.
Cellular senescence is a promising target for chronic wounds: a comprehensive review
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Shi Chunmeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chronic wounds include, but are not limited to, radiation ulcers, pressure ulcers, vascular ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. These chronic wounds can persist for years without healing and severe ulcers may lead to amputation. Unfortunately, the underlying pathologies of refractory chronic wounds are not fully characterized, and new treatments are urgently needed. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that cell senescence plays an important role in the development of chronic wounds, and preventing cell senescence or removing senescent cells holds promise as a new therapeutic strategy. In this review, we aim to probe these latest findings to promote the understanding of cellular senescence in the pathological process and potential management of chronic wounds.
To Induce Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome or Suppress It: The Spectrum of Mycobacterium genavense in the Antiretroviral Era
Authors: Manion Maura , Lynn Niamh , Pei Luxin , Hammoud Dima A , Laidlaw Elizabeth , Roby Gregg , Metzger Dorinda , Mejia Yolanda , Lisco Andrea , Zelazny Adrian , Holland Steve , Vachon Marie-Louise , Scherer Matthew , Bergin Colm , Sereti Irini 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mycobacterium genavense is a challenging opportunistic pathogen to diagnose and manage in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Persistent immunosuppression or protracted immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome can lead to complicated clinical courses. We describe 3 cases of M. genavense in patients with HIV representing the spectrum between disease burden and strength of immune response.
A Double-blind, Randomized Phase 2 Controlled Trial of Intradermal Hepatitis B Vaccination With a Topical Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonist Imiquimod, in Patients on Dialysis
Authors: Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Yap Desmond Yat-Hin , Yip Terence Pok-Siu , Zhang Ricky Ruiqi , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Chan Kwok-Hung , Tang Sydney Chi-Wai , Lui Sing-Leung , Levin Yotam , Kochba Efrat , Lau Johnson Yiu-Nam , Yuen Man-Fung , Chan Tak-Mao , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients on dialysis are hyporesponsive to the hepatitis B virus vaccines (HBVv). We examined intradermal (ID) HBVv Sci-B-Vac, with topical Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist imiquimod pretreatment in dialysis patients.

Methods
We enrolled and prospectively followed adult patients on dialysis between January 2016 and September 2018. Eligible patients were randomly allocated (1:1:1) into 1 treatment group, topical imiquimod cream followed by ID HBVv (IMQ + ID); and 2 control groups: topical aqueous cream (placebo) followed by ID HBVv (AQ + ID) or topical aqueous cream followed by intramuscular HBVv (AQ + IM). The primary endpoint was the seroprotection rate (hepatitis B surface antibody ≥10 mIU/mL) at 52 weeks.

Results
Ninety-four patients were enrolled, among which 57.4% were previous nonresponders. Seroprotection rate was significantly better at week 52 for the IMQ + ID group with 96.9% compared to 74.2% and 48.4% for AQ + ID and AQ + IM groups, respectively (P &lt; .0001). The geometric mean concentration was significantly higher at week 52 for the IMQ + ID group: 1135 (95% confidence interval [CI], 579.4–2218.2) mIU/mL, compared to 86.9 (95% CI, 18.5–409.3) mIU/mL and 7.2 (2.0–26.5) mIU/mL for the AQ + ID and AQ + IM groups, respectively (P &lt; .0001). IMQ + ID vaccination (odds ratio, 3.70 [95% CI, 1.16–11.81]; P = .027) was the only factor independently associated with higher 52-week seroprotection rate. Adverse reaction was infrequent.

Conclusions
Pretreatment with topical imiquimod before ID HBVv Sci-B-Vac was safe with favorable seroprotection in dialysis patients.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02621112.