bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of carotid sinus massage
Authors: Brignole Michele , Croci Francesco , Solano Alberto , Donateo Paolo , Maggi Roberto , Solari Diana , Bertolone Cristina , Fontana Daniele , Oddone Daniele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsThe reproducibility of carotid sinus massage (CSM) is debated. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility according to the methodology and diagnostic criteria defined by the guidelines on syncope of the European Society of Cardiology.MethodAmong 2800 patients with syncope who underwent CSM in the years 2005‐2019, 109 patients (62 males; mean age 76 ± 10 years) had performed a second CSM after a median of 28 months. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) was diagnosed when CSM elicited a pause of >3 s and/or a fall in systolic blood pressure >50 mm Hg without reproduction of spontaneous symptoms. Carotid sinus syndrome (CSS) was established when spontaneous symptoms were reproduced in the presence of bradycardia and/or hypotension.ResultsThe reproducibility of CSM was 78% for 18 CSS patients, 41% for 29 CSH patients, and 77% for 62 negative patients. The corresponding interrater agreement was good for CSS (kappa = 0.66), moderate for negative CSM (kappa = 0.42), and poor for CSH (kappa = 0.30). Combining CSH and negative tests, their reproducibility rose to 90% with kappa = 0.66.ConclusionCSS but not CSH has a good reproducibility. About half of patients with CSH had a negative response at the second test, thus suggesting a great overlap between them.
The effect of intraoperative methadone during pediatric cardiac surgery on postoperative opioid requirements
Authors: Barnett Annika M. , Machovec Kelly A. , Ames Warwick A. , Homi Hercilia M. , Turi Jennifer L. , Koo Jeannie , Fuller Matthew , Jooste Edmund H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPain control in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery presents a unique challenge. Postoperatively, many of these patients require long‐term opioid infusions and sedation leading to need for prolonged weaning from opioids and longer hospital stays. We hypothesized that intravenous methadone as the sole opioid in children having cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass would improve perioperative pain control and decrease overall perioperative use of opioid analgesics and sedatives.MethodsWe instituted a practice change involving pediatric patients aged <18 years who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass over a 14‐month period, comparing the patient population who had surgery prior to the institution of intraoperative methadone usage to patients who had surgery in the months following. We then separated patients into two groups: neonatal (aged < 30 days) and non‐neonatal (aged > 30 days to 18 years). Our primary outcome was intraoperative and postoperative opioid requirements measured in morphine equivalents intraoperatively, during the first 24 hours postoperatively, and up to postoperative day 7. Secondary outcomes included extubation rates in the OR, pain and sedation scores, sedation requirements, and time to start of oxycodone.ResultsPatients in both groups had similar demographics. In neonatal patients, the postintervention group required significantly lower doses of intraoperative opioids. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative opioid use. In non‐neonatal patients, the postintervention group required significantly less intraoperative opioids. Postoperatively, those in the postintervention group required significantly less opioids in the first 24 hours.ConclusionThe use of intraoperative methadone appears to be a reasonable alternative to the use of fentanyl with potential other benefits both intra‐ and postoperatively of decreased total dose of opioids and other sedatives. Future studies will assess for any improvement in total postoperative opioid requirements during the total hospital stay, and potential use of methadone by the ICU team.
The significance of hope as experienced by the next of kin to critically ill patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Valle Marianne , Lohne Vibeke 
Published: May 2020

AimTo examine and increase understanding of diverse aspects of hope as experienced by the next of kin when someone close to them is critically ill in intensive care unit (ICU).DesignA qualitative study with a phenomenological approach.MethodThe data were collected through five in‐depth interviews with next of kin at the ICU in Central Norway. Data were interpreted to gain a deeper understanding on hope in an acute and critical context.ResultsThe analysis presents five main themes: (i) hope for survival, (ii) hope is fostered by signs of improvement, (iii) hope keeps fear for the worst at bay, (iv) hope that things will turn out well and (v) hope for the return to a normal life. Hope kept next of kin going during a difficult time and was strengthened when they saw their close family member responding positively to treatment provided by the ICU.
A quantitative trait locus GW6 controls rice grain size and yield through the gibberellin pathway
Authors: Shi Chuan‐Lin , Dong Nai‐Qian , Guo Tao , Ye Wang‐Wei , Shan Jun‐Xiang , Lin Hong‐Xuan 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYGrain size is one of the essential components determining rice yield and is a target for both domestication and artificial breeding. Gibberellins (GAs) are diterpenoid phytohormones that influence diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified that control grain size through phytohormone regulation. However, little is known about the role of GAs in the control of grain size. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a QTL, GW6 (GRAIN WIDTH 6), which encodes a GA‐regulated GAST family protein and positively regulates grain width and weight. GW6 is highly expressed in the young panicle and increases grain width by promoting cell expansion in the spikelet hull. Knockout of GW6 exhibits reduced grain size and weight, whereas overexpression of GW6 results in increased grain size and weight. GW6 is induced by GA and its knockout downregulates the expression of GA biosynthesis genes and decreases GA content in the young panicle. We found that a natural variation in the cis element CAAT‐box in the promoter of GW6 is associated with its expression level and grain width and weight. Furthermore, introduction of GW6 to Oryza indica variety HJX74 can lead to a 10.44% increase in rice grain yield, indicating that GW6 has great potential to improve grain yield in rice.
Gender‐neutral donor deferral policies: experience in Argentina implementing individual risk‐assessment policies
Authors: Blanco Sebastián , Carrizo Luis Horacio , Moyano Rolando Walter , Mangeaud Arnaldo , Gallego Sandra Verónica 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIn Argentina, with the aim of moving to a safe supportive and inclusive National Blood System, in September 2015 the Ministry of Health stipulated that eligibility criteria for blood donation should only take into account the so‐called 'risk practices', focusing on a 'gender‐neutral' policy. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the impact of such regulation on the prevalence of STI in the population of blood donors in Argentina, through the analysis of the scientific evidence obtained from 174 074 donors from a large central region of the country, focused on a regional Blood Bank for a 6‐year period (pre‐ and post‐entry into force of the regulations).Materials and MethodsTo analyse the evolution of prevalence rates of STI, two periods of 3 years each were evaluated: The first period (P1) lasted from 16 September 2012 to 15 September 2015 (prior to the entry into force of the law) and the second one (P2) from 16 September 2015 to 15 September 2018 (after the entry into force of the law).ResultsA total of 82 838 subjects were enrolled in P1 and 91 236 in P2. The results show a significantly lower prevalence of HCV (P = 0·029), HBV (P = 0·028) and syphilis (P = 0·001) in P2, while no difference was observed for HIV infection (P = 0·60).ConclusionThis study evidenced that the implementation of a 'gender‐neutral' policy based on individual risk‐assessment deferral criteria maintained the safety of blood supply and decreased the prevalence of STI among blood donors.
The Sensitivity Analysis of the Core Lower Head Molten Pool Model Based on Variance Decomposition
Authors: Li ZhiGang , Liu Wei , Ming PingZhou , An Ping , Lu Wei , Pan JunJie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The lower head molten pool model is an important model for the in-vessel retention (IVR) effectiveness evaluation. It has the characteristics of complex relationship, many input parameters, and large uncertainty. The traditional local sensitivity analysis method has the disadvantages of large amount of calculation and low efficiency when performing sensitivity analysis of complex models. Based on variance decomposition of the global sensitivity analysis method, the sensitivity analysis library (SALib) and IVR analysis code developed by Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC) are adopted to analyze the sensitivity of the input parameters for four key parameters, such as the lower head wall heat flux ratio. In this paper, the sensitivity coefficient and influence trend of input parameters on key results are obtained, which provides a reference for the optimization of the lower head molten pool model and severe accident mitigation strategies.
Thermomechanical Degradation of Thermal Interface Materials: Accelerated Test Development and Reliability Analysis
Authors: Carlton Hayden , Pense Dustin , Huitink David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Due to the inherently low adhesive strength and structural integrity of polymer thermal interface materials (TIMs), they present a likely point of failure when succumbed to thermomechanical stresses in electronics packaging. Herein, we present a methodology to quantify TIM degradation through an accelerated and repeatable mechanical cycling technique. The testing apparatus incorporated a steady-state thermal conductivity measurement system, consistent with ASTM 5470-06, with added displacement actuation and force sensing to provide controlled cyclic loading between −20 N and 20 N. Additionally, a novel optical technique was utilized to observe void formation, pump-out, and dry-out behavior during cycling, in order to correlate the thermal performance with physical behaviors of different TIMs under cyclic stress. Of the two different pastes analyzed, cyclic testing was found to degrade the thermal performance of the less viscous TIM by increasing its interfacial resistance. Optical qualitative measurements revealed the breakdown of the TIM structure at the interface, which indicated the formation of voids due to TIM degradation. Applying this testing method for future TIM development could help in optimizing TIM structure for particular package applications.
Hospital deaths dashboard: care indicators
Authors: Minton Ollie , Ede Charlotte , Bass Stephen , Tavabie Simon , Bourne Amy , Hiresche Andreas 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesWe wanted to create a medical/nursing led data collection tool to allow for an ongoing audit of the quality of deaths in a teaching hospital. We wanted to be able to produce a visual summary to monitor our involvement, use of PRN medication, recognition of death, treatment escalation plans and communication aspects. We feel these are good surrogate indicators for quality end-of-life care.MethodsWe designed a purpose built spreadsheet which we have designed as an abbreviated version of the UK national audit tools. We involved a number of our core medical trainees to iterate the data collection so it could be done in a timely manner with a simple training guide. Our collective approach meant we have made this as straightforward as possible to roll out and maintain data collection.ResultsWe collected 100 cases over a period of 6 months (August 2019 to January 2020). We created a dashboard looking at the core elements of end-of-life care and found bar treatment escalation planning all aspects were completed the majority of the time with near 100% communication to relevant family and friends.ConclusionsOur sample collection tool provides a useful ongoing indicator for the quality of end-of-life care in the trust and to provide a timely infographic quarterly to feedback to interested members of the trust. We hope to be able to continue over some years to collate themes and trends. We would encourage other hospital teams to adopt our approach.
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in stage IB cervical cancer: distinct expression in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas
Authors: Mancusi de Carvalho Joao Paulo , Salim Rafael C , Carvalho Filomena Marino , Nogueira Dias Genta Maria Luiza , Baracat Edmund Chada , Carvalho Jesus Paula 
Published: May 2020

AimsL1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) has been shown to be correlated with tumour progression, attributed to its possible association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterised by the expression of vimentin and loss of e-cadherin. Herein, we investigate the associations between L1CAM and clinicopathological parameters, as well as the expression of vimentin and e-cadherin, in carcinomas restricted to the cervix.MethodsThe study was retrospective observational and included 45 squamous cell carcinomas (63.4%) and 26 adenocarcinomas (36.6%) submitted to primary surgical treatment. Patient age, FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage, tumour size and follow-up were obtained from the medical records. All the slides were revised to evaluate histological differentiation, lymphovascular space invasion, depth of infiltration, disease-free cervical wall thickness, pattern of invasion front, Silva pattern (for adenocarcinomas) and the percentage of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Tissue microarrays were constructed for immunohistochemical staining for L1CAM, e-cadherin and vimentin.ResultsAdenocarcinomas were associated with lower disease-free and overall survival. L1CAM and vimentin expressions were more frequent among adenocarcinomas, although loss of e-cadherin expression was more common among squamous carcinomas. L1CAM expression was associated with larger tumours, vimentin expression and lower disease-free survival. No association was observed between the expression of either L1CAM or vimentin and loss of e-cadherin. High levels of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were more frequent in squamous cell carcinoma, high-grade tumours, destructive pattern at front of invasion and loss of e-cadherin expression.ConclusionsOur results confirm the prognostic role of L1CAM in cervical carcinomas, but suggest a role for mechanisms other than EMT.
Characterising HIV and STIs among transgender female sex workers: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Poteat Tonia , White Rebecca Hamilton , Footer Katherine H A , Park Ju Nyeong , Galai Noya , Huettner Steven , Silberzahn Brad E , Allen Sean T , Glick Jennifer , Beckham S Wilson , Gaydos Charlotte A , Sherman Susan G 
Published: May 2020

Objectives
Though highly vulnerable to HIV and STIs, transgender female sex workers (TFSWs) are understudied in the US HIV and STI response. This study examined the correlates of laboratory-confirmed STIs among a cohort of 62 TFSWs followed over the course of 1 year and explored associations between specimen site and self-reported engagement in insertive and receptive anal intercourse.

Methods
Participants completed an interviewer-administered computer-assisted personal interview at baseline, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month visits where self-administered anal swabs and urine samples for gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis were also collected. HIV testing was conducted at baseline, 6-month and 12-month visits.

Results
Baseline HIV prevalence was 40.3% with no HIV seroconversions over follow-up. Baseline prevalence of gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis was 9.7%, 17.7% and 14.5%, respectively. In the multivariable regression modelling, recent arrest was significantly associated with testing positive for any STI (adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.77; 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.84). Insertive anal sex with clients was associated with increased risk of testing positive for an STI via urine specimen (RR 3.48; 95% CI: 1.14 to 10.62), while receptive anal sex was not significantly associated with specimen site.

Conclusion
Our findings confirm a high prevalence of STIs among TFSWs and highlight the importance of addressing structural drivers such as criminal justice involvement as well as the need to ensure screening for STIs at all anatomical sites regardless of self-reported sites of potential exposure. More research is needed to better understand HIV and STI vulnerabilities and appropriate interventions for TFSWs in the USA.
High energy QCD Lipatov’s effective action in Euclidean space
Authors: Bondarenko S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe continuation of high energy QCD Lipatov’s effective action to Euclidean space is performed. The resulting Euclidean QCD RFT action is considered separately in Euclidean “light-cone” coordinates and axial gauge suitable for the numerical and analytical calculations correspondingly. The further application of the obtained results is also discussed.
Perturbative ground states of the 1+1d double-well
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhou Yao , Evslin Jarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAt second order in perturbation theory, we find the ground states of the $$\phi ^4$$ϕ4 double-well quantum field theory in 1+1 dimensions. The operators which create these ground states from the free vacuum are constructed explicitly at this order, as is the operator which interpolates between the ground states. As a warmup we perform the analogous calculation in quantum mechanics, where the true ground state is unique but in perturbation theory there are also two ground states.
Critical Reflections on Technology to Support Physical Activity among Older Adults
Authors: Gerling Kathrin , Ray Mo , Abeele Vero Vanden , Evans Adam B. 
Published: May 2020

Contemporary policy on ageing overwhelmingly focuses on active ageing and achieving a sustainable increase in disability-free years, leading to an agenda that promotes interventions that often focus on deficits of older persons with little consideration of their perspectives on physical activity. As the integration of technology to support physical activity routines becomes more common, this trend also becomes relevant to the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research community.
In this article, we present findings from a structured search of technical systems addressing physical activity among older adults that were published at the most cited HCI venues. Drawing from Thematic Analysis, we explore how the model of active ageing informs existing research, and how it is operationalized in technology design. We find that the deficit-focused perspective on ageing is reflected in many technology solutions published at the most visible HCI venues, and discuss shortcomings and strengths of present research to help guide discourse and future work in HCI.
Analyzing and Detecting Collusive Users Involved in Blackmarket Retweeting Activities
Authors: Arora Udit , Dutta Hridoy Sankar , Joshi Brihi , Chetan Aditya , Chakraborty Tanmoy 
Published: May 2020

With the rise in popularity of social media platforms like Twitter, having higher influence on these platforms has a greater value attached to it, since it has the power to influence many decisions in the form of brand promotions and shaping opinions. However, blackmarket services that allow users to inorganically gain influence are a threat to the credibility of these social networking platforms. Twitter users can gain inorganic appraisals in the form of likes, retweets, and follows through these blackmarket services either by paying for them or by joining syndicates wherein they gain such appraisals by providing similar appraisals to other users. These customers tend to exhibit a mix of organic and inorganic retweeting behavior, making it tougher to detect them.
In this article, we investigate these blackmarket customers engaged in collusive retweeting activities. We collect and annotate a novel dataset containing various types of information about blackmarket customers and use these sources of information to construct multiple user representations. We adopt Weighted Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (WGCCA) to combine these individual representations to derive user embeddings that allow us to effectively classify users as: genuine users, bots, promotional customers, and normal customers. Our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches (32.95% better macro F1-score than the best baseline).
TDEFSI
Authors: Wang Lijing , Chen Jiangzhuo , Marathe Madhav 
Published: May 2020

Influenza-like illness (ILI) places a heavy social and economic burden on our society. Traditionally, ILI surveillance data are updated weekly and provided at a spatially coarse resolution. Producing timely and reliable high-resolution spatiotemporal forecasts for ILI is crucial for local preparedness and optimal interventions. We present
T
heory-guided
D
eep Learning-based
E
pidemic
F
orecasting with
S
ynthetic
I
nformation (TDEFSI),
1
an epidemic forecasting framework that integrates the strengths of deep neural networks and high-resolution simulations of epidemic processes over networks. TDEFSI yields accurate high-resolution spatiotemporal forecasts using low-resolution time-series data.

During the training phase, TDEFSI uses high-resolution simulations of epidemics that explicitly model spatial and social heterogeneity inherent in urban regions as one component of training data. We train a two-branch recurrent neural network model to take both within-season and between-season low-resolution observations as features and output high-resolution detailed forecasts. The resulting forecasts are not just driven by observed data but also capture the intricate social, demographic, and geographic attributes of specific urban regions and mathematical theories of disease propagation over networks.
We focus on forecasting the incidence of ILI and evaluate TDEFSI’s performance using synthetic and real-world testing datasets at the state and county levels in the USA. The results show that, at the state level, our method achieves comparable/better performance than several state-of-the-art methods. At the county level, TDEFSI outperforms the other methods. The proposed method can be applied to other infectious diseases as well.
Privacy Games
Authors: Chen Yiling , Sheffet Or , Vadhan Salil 
Published: May 2020

The problem of analyzing the effect of privacy concerns on the behavior of selfish utility-maximizing agents has received much attention lately. Privacy concerns are often modeled by altering the utility functions of agents to consider also their privacy loss [4, 14, 20, 28]. Such privacy-aware agents prefer to take a randomized strategy even in very simple games in which non-privacy-aware agents play pure strategies. In some cases, the behavior of privacy-aware agents follows the framework of Randomized Response, a well-known mechanism that preserves differential privacy.

Our work is aimed at better understanding the behavior of agents in settings where their privacy concerns are explicitly given. We consider a toy setting where agent
A
, in an attempt to discover the secret type of agent
B
, offers
B
a gift that one type of
B
agent likes and the other type dislikes. As opposed to previous works,
B
’s incentive to keep her type a secret isn’t the result of “hardwiring”
B
’s utility function to consider privacy, but rather takes the form of a payment between
B
and
A
. We investigate three different types of payment functions and analyze
B
’s behavior in each of the resulting games. As we show, under some payments,
B
’s behavior is very different than the behavior of agents with hardwired privacy concerns and might even be deterministic. Under a different payment, we show that
B
’s BNE strategy does fall into the framework of Randomized Response.