bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Organization and Spatial Variations of Lobes in Distributive Submarine Fans: Outcrop Study of the Point Loma Formation, California, USA
Authors: Pyles David R. , Fleming Alexandra E.P. , Anderson Donna S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article uses measurements from outcrops of the Point Loma Formation to define the hierarchical organization of a distributive submarine fan and spatial changes in its constituent parts. A four-tier hierarchy for lobes is documented: bed, element, complex, and system. Across each hierarchical tier, there is an increase in size, duration of deposition, number of cross-cutting relationships, number of superposed stratal units, and degree of compensational stacking. Lobe elements contain systematic axis-to-margin and longitudinal decreases in amalgamation ratio, erosion, net sand content, proportions of sand-rich facies, and maximum grain size, with the exception of shale clasts in fringe position. The cross-sectional aspect ratios of lobe elements in the Point Loma are ~1000, a similar value to those measured in other systems, although aspect ratios are slightly higher at the distal reaches of lobe elements than in proximal locations. The key longitudinal patterns in lobe complexes are decreases in proportion of sand-rich facies, maximum grain size, amalgamation ratio of elements, net sand content, and amount of interelement erosion and a longitudinal increase in the degree of the amount of compensational stacking. Lobe complexes stack laterally and progradationally to build a lobe system.
Initial Observations and Preliminary Interpretations From Telepresence‐Enabled Exploration of the Southern California Borderland, USA
Authors: Bell Katherine L.C. , Cormier Marie-Helene , Brennan Michael L. , Legg Mark , Conrad James E. , Castillo Chris M. , Raineault Nicole A. , Lubetkin Megan , Marlow Jeffrey , Caldow Chris , Kane Renato 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Much about the offshore California Continental Borderland remains unknown, despite its location off the most populated area of the west coast of North America, vital importance to US interests, and potential for seismic and tsunamigenic hazards. In 2015 and 2016, Exploration Vessel (E/V) Nautilus of the Ocean Exploration Trust undertook a series of seven expeditions in that region. During those cruises, we acquired 13,075 km2 of multibeam bathymetric data, performed 58 dives with remotely operated vehicles (ROV) Hercules and Argus, totaling 500+ hours underwater (1000+ hours of video), and collected 532 geological and biological samples across this 200-km-wide, tectonically active region. Because Nautilus is equipped with state-of-the-art telepresence technology, numerous scientists based on shore actively participated in these expeditions in real time. Here, we describe the data acquired during these expeditions and present some very preliminary results. The digital data and physical samples are accessible to the scientific community via online request systems.
Milankovitch Stratigraphy in the Miocene‐Pleistocene Marine Succession of Offshore Central California
Authors: Hill Pamela S. , Behl Richard J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Miocene Monterey Formation and related hemipelagic sedimentary deposits of the central California margin display pronounced lithologic cycles on scales from millimeters to tens of meters in thickness. We demonstrate the significant influence of Milankovitch cyclicity from eccentricity to precession timescales on the Upper Miocene to Pleistocene stratigraphy of the distal central California margin and proximal offshore Santa Maria Basin and its usefulness as a refined dating and correlation tool.
The absence or discontinuous occurrence of useful microfossils in many Upper Neogene to Lower Pleistocene, onshore and offshore successions of the Monterey and Sisquoc formations inhibits the development of high-resolution, quantitative age models; however, such age models are critical to understanding the rates of geochemical fluxes recorded by these deposits. We applied astrochronology to the gamma-ray wireline logs of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1016A, 150 km offshore, to develop a refined age-depth scale (5.8 to 1.2 Ma), to correlate patterns of sedimentary successions to other more proximal wells in the offshore Santa Maria Basin, to refine sedimentation and mass accumulation rates, to show geographic trends in sedimentation rates along the paleomargin from 5.2 to 4.8 Ma, to identify potential previously unknown productivity events, and to suggest possible refinements to age estimates of Late Neogene radiolaria of the central California margin.
This project demonstrates that astrochronology can be a valuable approach to refine dating of hemipelagic successions along the California margin and for more accurate chronostratigraphic correlation of facies that may change laterally across or between basins.
Giant uterine leiomyoma in a pregnant woman – case study and review of literature
Authors: Kadelska Kinga , Sokołowska Małgorzata , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Lebdowicz-Knul Joanna , Mikołajek-Bedner Wioletta , Al-Heib Yousef , Torbé Andrzej 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe case of successful pregnancy outcome in a 39-year-old nulligravida with an enormous leiomyoma is presented. At 16th week of gestation patient began to complain of dyspnoea and abdominal pain. Due to rapid growth, high vascularization, worsening pain, respiratory symptoms and limited conditions for foetal development, surgery was taken. Repeat sonography was performed at the 20th week and normal fetal development consistent with a 2nd trimester pregnancy was observed. Singular fibroids 1–5 cm in diameter were visualized and no tumor growth was noted when compared with subsequent ultrasound studies. At the 39th week, the patient was referred to the hospital for preparations towards elective cesarean section due to a breech presentation. During the planned cesarean section, numerous subscapular fibroids were observed which were left without intervention. The patient delivered a live female neonate, in a good condition, weighting 3280 g. There were no complications during the surgery and the postpartum period.
Effect of TO901317 on promoting the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into dopamine neurons on Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Yang Junqing , Cheng Oumei , Peng Zhe , Luo Yin , Ran Dongzhi , Yang Yang , Xiang Pu , Huang Haifeng , Tan Xiaodan , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Stem cells from different sources could differentiate into dopamine-producing cells and ameliorate behavioral deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Especially, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have many advantages without ethical dispute. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are involved in the maintenance of the normal function of the central nervous system myelin. The previous work of our team have reported the induction of cocktail-induced da phenotypes from adult rat BMSCs by using sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and TO901317 (agonist of LXRs) with 87.42% of efficiency in 6 days of period of induction. But it did not verify whether the induced cells had the corresponding neural function. Methods: The present study was to investigate the effect of TO901317 on the differentiation of hBMSCs into dopaminergic (DA) neurons. In vitro, the cells were divided into control group, GF group and LXR+GF group. Neuronal markers (Tuj1, Neun and Nestin) and DA neuron markers (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH) were detected to explore the optimal concentration, optimal addition time and optimal induction time of TO901317 to promote hBMSCs differentiation. Determine induced cells’ DA neuron properties by detecting dopamine release. To clarify its underlying mechanisms, the expressions of LXRa, LXRb and ABCA1 were detected. In vivo, male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group, 6-OHDA group (model group) and 6-OHDA+Cells group (cell transplantation group) to observe whether cell transplantation had a therapeutic effect on PD. Results: TO901317 significantly enhanced the differentiation of hBMSCs into DA neurons. Compared to control group and GF group, only the LXR+GF group released dopamine by the result of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group and GF group, the optimal time for differentiation of hBMSCs treated by 0.5mM TO901317 combined with GF was six days in LXR+GF group. And the maximum induction efficiency of differentiation of hBMSCs into DA neurons was 91.67% in LXR+GF group. After the long-term use of TO901317, LXRα and LXRβ decreased significantly, and ABCA1mRNA increased significantly in LXR+GF group. After induced-cells were transplanted into PD rats, Compared with 6-OHDA group, the expression of TH in the striatum increased significantly, and the behavior of PD rats induced by apomorphine was significantly improved in the 6-OHDA+Cells group.Conclusions: TO901317 promoted differentiation of hBMSCs into DA neurons may be related to activation of LXR-ABCA1 signaling pathway. These data suggested that TO901317 may serve as a potential therapeutic methods for PD.
Estimating the serial interval of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A statistical analysis using the public data in Hong Kong from January 16 to February 15, 2020
Authors: Zhao Shi , Gao Daozhou , Zhuang Zian , Chong Marc KC , Cai Yongli , Ran Jinjun , Cao Peihua , Wang Kai , Lou Yijun , Wang Weiming , Yang Lin , He Daihai , Wang Maggie H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The emerging virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a large outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China since December 2019. As of February 15, there were 56 COVID-19 cases confirmed in Hong Kong since the first case with symptom onset on January 23, 2020. Methods: Based on the publicly available surveillance data, we identified 21 transmission events, which occurred in Hong Kong, and had primary cases known, as of February 15, 2020. An interval censored likelihood framework is adopted to fit three different distributions, Gamma, Weibull and lognormal, that govern the SI of COVID-19. We selection the distribution according to the Akaike information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc). Findings: We found the Lognormal distribution performed lightly better than the other two distributions in terms of the AICc. Assuming a Lognormal distribution model, we estimated the mean of SI at 4.9 days (95%CI: 3.6−6.2) and SD of SI at 4.4 days (95%CI: 2.9−8.3) by using the information of all 21 transmission events in Hong Kong. Conclusion: The SI of COVID-19 may be shorter than the preliminary estimates in previous works. Given the likelihood that SI could be shorter than the incubation period, pre-symptomatic transmission may occur, and extra efforts on timely contact tracing and quarantine are crucially needed in combating the COVID-19 outbreak.
Is there a correlation between vestibular depth and shrinkage of free gingival graft: A descriptive-correlational study
Authors: Jalali Mahsa , Saeedi Moein , Mohammadi Mohammad , Ranjbar Hadi , Solghar Mohadeseh Arab 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of vestibular depth (VD) with Free Gingival Graft (FGG) dimensional shrinkage.Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study which was performed on twenty patients with insufficient attached gingiva width (AGW). Under local anesthesia, a partial thickness bed with sub-marginal incision was created. An FGG was prepared from the palate and sutured to the prepared bed. Clinical parameters including VD, probing depth (PD), keratinized gingiva width (KGW), AGW, vertical graft dimension (VGD), horizontal graft dimension (HGD) and graft area (GA) were evaluated preoperatively and after one, three, and six months postoperatively. The distribution of data was normal. Repeated measures ANOVA, Repeated measures with covariance, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were performed to analyze the data.Results: One patient was excluded from the study, therefore, the obtained data of 19 remaining patients were analyzed. Six months after FGG surgery, AGW and KGW raised to 6.15±1.01 mm and 7.55±1.1 mm, which were statistically significant (p <0.001). The shrinkage rate of HGD, VGD, and GA were 13%, 34%, 42% respectively after 6 months. The VD was increased 2.05 mm compared to baseline which was statistically significant (p<0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between VGD shrinkage (r=-0.614, p=0.005) and GA shrinkage (r=-0.476, p=0.039) with VD. The correlation of Horizontal shrinkage with VD was not statistically significant (r=0.065, p=0.792).Conclusions: It was concluded that the shrinkage of FGG was influenced by VD and a negative moderate correlation was existed between VD and shrinkage of VGD and GA. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the number: IRCT20101204005305N18. Registered 22 September 2019. https://irct.ir/trial/41736
Visualization analysis of the characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trials
Authors: Cai Xiaoqiong , Zheng Zengliang , Huang Jihan , Su Qianmin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background As a highly contagious disease, COVID-19 is raging on and is faced by every human being. Clinical trials are one of the most important means of investigating treatments for COVID-19, and their effective implementations may address the massive spread of the pandemic. As clinical trials continue to be conducted, the inability to view large amounts of data at a glance becomes a problem for many researchers. In order to provide reference and assistance for clinical trial design, this study collected and analyzed the current COVID-19 clinical trial registration data from multiple sources, and subsequently discussed their research status and developmental trend. Method The registered data of COVID-19 clinical trials were gathered from the ChiCTR and ClinicalTrials.gov website, which were transformed by Python and further demonstrated by Apache ECharts. Results As of March 28, 2020, records of 677 eligible registered trials had been retrieved. Overall, there are 407 (60.12%) interventional studies and 270 (39.12%) observational studies; 522 (77.10%) trials were conducted by hospitals; 53.32% of trials would be completed within six months; 523 (77.25%) subjects in trials were confirmed cases. Among interventional studies, 70.27% of the trials were randomized parallel studies; 55 (13.51%) trials considered time condition for clinical recovery as the primary endpoint, and 46 (11.30%) trials through clinical parameters and laboratory index as the primary endpoint. In the selection of intervention measures, chemical or biological agents constituted 43.49%, of which antiviral ones accounted for 14.50%, and antimalarials accounted for 8.85%, and 98 (24.14%) cases of studies involving TCM or integrated medicine. In addition, this study further analyzed antiviral drugs and explored possibilities of using combined drugs. Although a large number of clinical trials are already underway, interim research data will be helpful for future trial design and drug selection. Conclusions By compiling representative information of topical COVID-19 clinical trial registration, this study complements and enhances the effects of future researchers' trial designs.
Patient Safety Culture and Spiritual Health in the Operating Room: A Qualitative Study
Authors: mousavi Elahe , Imani Behzad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The concept of patient safety is an essential component of health care systems and is one of the key pillars of quality in health care organizations. One of the most important factors related to the safety of patients is the spiritual health of staff and patients. Accordingly, this study strived to explain the status of patient safety culture and its relationship with spiritual health from the perspective of health care providers in teaching hospitals of Hamadan.Methods This study was a qualitative content analysis study with a conventional approach using semi-structured open-ended interviews with samples selected by purposeful sampling technique to achieve data saturation. The proposed method of Granheim and Landman (2004) was also used for the qualitative content analysis of the data.Results In this study, 5 themes and 11 sub-themes were obtained from the participants' experiences. These included: continuous and dynamic training and upgrading of safety skills, attention to spirituality and conscientiousness and work commitment, effective communication and teamwork, equipping human and logistical resources based on the principle of care, accurate recognition of instructions, and error control.Conclusions The evaluation of safety culture clarifies the perceptions of safety participants in the organization and the attitude of managers and employees towards safety issue which can lead to the development of safety culture and quality improvement.
The clinicopathological features of submucosal invasive non-ampullary duodenal carcinoma
Authors: Matsueda Katsunori , Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Takenaka Ryuta , Nakagawa Masahiro , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Iwamuro Masaya , Kawano Seiji , Kawahara Yoshiro , Toji Tomohiro , Tanaka Takehiro , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Little is known about submucosal invasive non-ampullary duodenal carcinoma because of its extreme rarity, so we investigated the clinicopathological features, comparing submucosal invasive carcinoma (SM-Ca) with mucosal carcinoma (M-Ca) and advanced carcinoma (Ad-Ca).
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 165 sporadic non-ampullary duodenal carcinomas (SNADCs) at 4 institutions between January 2003 and December 2018. In addition, we compared the mucin phenotype between SM-Ca and M-Ca.
Results

There were only 11 cases (7%) of SM-Ca, while there were 70 cases of M-Ca (42%) and 84 cases of Ad-Ca (51%). Although the distribution of M-Ca was almost equal between the oral and anal sides of the papilla of Vater, all SM-Ca was located on the oral-Vater (P = 0.013) and Ad-Ca tended to be located on the oral-Vater (P = 0.020). Mixed macroscopic type was more frequent in SM-Ca than in M-Ca (64% vs. 10%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in tumor diameter between M-Ca and SM-Ca, but 45% of SM-Ca were ≤ 10 mm. 73% (8/11) of SM-Ca were classified as gastric phenotype and no lesions were intestinal phenotype, whereas most M-Ca were intestinal phenotype (67%, 8/12).
Conclusions

SM-Ca was highly associated with tumor location (oral-Vater) and gastric mucin phenotype, different from M-Ca. The possibility of SM-Ca should be considered when superficial SNADCs are located on oral-Vater and have mixed macroscopic type even if tumor diameters are ≤ 10 mm.
Adequate Dosage of Norepinephrine Infusion Combined with Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy During General Anesthesia May Improve Elderly Patients’ Postoperative Outcome Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Wu Fan , Liang Tao , Wu Jie , Xiao Wei , Fan Long , Fu Huiqun , Ma Yanhui , Wang Tianlong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Norepinephrine is used to prevent anesthesia-related disorders in elderly patients. However, optimal dosage that improve the postoperative outcome undergone lumbar spinal fusion is unknown.Methods: A total of 108 elderly patients were randomized into three groups of norepinephrine infusion as 0.030 µg.kg− 1.min− 1, 0.060 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 and 0.090 µg.kg− 1.min− 1. The hemodynamics and related parameters were monitored at the entrance to the operation room (T0), 15 min following anesthesia induction (T1), 60 min after surgical incision (T2), and immediately after surgery (T3), respectively. The primary outcome was set as the incidence of postoperative complications and wound infections. The secondary outcomes were recorded by the incidence of nausea and vomiting, the time of first flatus, first ambulation, first intake and postoperative hospital stay.Results: Finally, 90 patients were recruited into the clinical trial, with 30 in each group. The incidence of delayed wound healing and infection were increase with the dose of 0.030 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 compared to others (0.030 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 vs. 0.060 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 vs. 0.090 µg.kg− 1.min− 1: 33.3% vs. 10% vs. 10%, P = 0.024; 26.7% vs. 6.7% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.031). Intraoperative total fluid volume and crystalloids, colloids volume in 0.030 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 group were significantly higher than 0.060 and 0.090µg·kg− 1·min− 1. The incidence of intraoperative hypotension effectively decreased in 0.060µg·kg− 1·min− 1 and 0.090µg·kg− 1·min− 1 compared to 0.030µg·kg− 1·min− 1(6.7%vs33.3%, P = 0.01, 3.3% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.003).The frequency of bradycardia in 0.090 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 group’s patients was significantly higher than that in the dosage 0.030 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 group (3%vs26%, P = 0.026) and 0.060 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 group (3% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.038). Patients with 0.060 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 had earlier first intaking by 1.4 hours and first flatus by 1.1 hours. Overall, Postoperative hospital stay was reduced by around 1 day in the 0.060 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 and 0.090 µg.kg− 1.min− 1 group among three groups (6.0 vs. 6.2 vs. 7.1days, P = 0.066).Conclusion: The 0.060 µg·kg− 1·min− 1 dosage of norepinephrine infusion combined with goal-directed fluid therapy can improve the elderly patients’ postoperative outcome and accelerate their rehabilitation process.Clinical Trial Registration: Identifier ChiCTR-1900021309, Registration date: September 19, 2018; www.chictr.org.cn.
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein enhances Orai3 expression levels to increase proliferation of human lens epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Ru , Bai Suwen , Fang Yang , Zhou Zhixin , Chen Linghui , Du Juan , Shen Bing , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Serum lipid levels, especially of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), are related to the development of cataracts, but the mechanisms underlying the role of oxLDL in cataract development in human lens epithelial cells (HLEpiCs) remain unclear. Calcium (Ca2+) overload is also known to be involved in lens turbidity. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is an important pathway mediating Ca2+ influx in lens epithelial cells. The Orai family proteins, which form a type of SOCE channel, localize at the plasma membrane and control Ca2+ influx in response to the depletion of Ca2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Methods

In the present study, we used RNA sequencing, western blot analyses, cell proliferation assays, Ca2+ measurements, and small interfering (si)RNA transfections to investigate the effects of oxLDL on SOCE and proliferation of human lens epithelial cells (HLEpiCs).
Results

The key findings of our study that suggest this conclusion are that (1) oxLDL enhances the expression levels of Orai3, but not Orai1 or Orai2, in HLEpiCs in vitro; (2) oxLDL significantly increases the proliferation of HLEpiCs in a concentration-dependent manner; (3) oxLDL significantly increases ATP-induced SOCE without affecting Ca2+ release in HLEpiCs; and (4) knockdown of Orai3 significantly reduces cell proliferation and ATP-induced SOCE in HLEpiCs.
Conclusions

These findings suggest that Ca2+ signaling altered by overexpression of Orai3 may be a mechanism whereby oxLDL increases HLEpiC proliferation to contribute to the development of cataract. Thus, Orai3 may be a target warranting development for the treatment of cataract associated with obesity or hyperlipidemia.