bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drainage after posterior single-level instrumented lumbar fusion
Authors: Chen Tao , Chang Hengrui , Liu Kaiyu , Shi Mingxin , Song Chengjie , Meng Xianzhong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent findings have shown a trend toward recommending against the routine use of drains in spinal surgery because it carries the risk for potential complications. However, most surgeons still use closed suction drainage to prevent hematoma formation. This study is to compare the clinical outcomes between natural pressure drainage and negative pressure drainage after posterior lumbar interbody fusion.
Consecutive 132 patients who underwent spinal fusion in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University and met the inclusion criteria were reviewed from January 2018 to January 2019 and divided into negative pressure drainage group and natural pressure drainage group according to different pressure drainage. There were 64 patients who had a negative pressure drainage placed and 68 patients who had a natural pressure drainage placed. Demographics, intraoperative blood loss, operative room time, drainage volume at the 1st postoperative day, total volume of postoperative drainage, the total drainage days, postoperative temperature, and postoperative complications (wound infection, symptomatic hematoma) were compared between the 2 groups.
The median drainage volume at the 1st postoperative day in negative pressure group was 204.89 ± 95.19 mL, while in natural pressure group, it was 141.00 ± 52.19 mL (P = .000). The median total volume of postoperative drainage in negative pressure group was 378.06 ± 117.98 mL, while in natural pressure group, it was 249.32 ± 70.74 mL (P = .000). The median total drainage days between natural pressure group and negative pressure group were obviously different (2.93 ± 0.55 vs 3.51 ± 0.71 days, P = .000). There was no difference in patient characteristics, operative data, postoperative temperature, and complications.
Natural pressure drainage significantly reduced postoperative drainage volume and indwelling time, but did not increase postoperative complications. Therefore, it may offer an alternative to negative pressure drainage and is as safe and effective as negative pressure drainage.
Quantitative analysis of revascularization in ischemic moyamoya disease via whole-brain computed tomography perfusion
Authors: Han Qingdong , Huang Yabo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ischemic moyamoya disease (MMD) can be treated with the revascularization of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass combined with encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis (EDAMS) effectively. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the revascularization of STA-MCA bypass combined with EDAMS via whole-brain computed tomography perfusion (WB-CTP).
Seventy-nine consecutive patients with ischemic MMD who admitted to our hospital from August 2012 to October 2018 were carried out STA-MCA bypass combined with EDAMS. WB-CTP was performed at 24 hours prior to operation and 3 months following bypass with a follow-up WB-CTP, respectively. Both automatic analysis of WB-CTP (MIStar, Apollo Medical imaging Technology, Melbourne, Australia) for analyzing values of brain volume in delayed time (DT) >3 seconds and DT > 6 seconds, relative cerebral blood flow (γCBF) < 30% and its mismatch ratio or percentage and diffusion-weighted imaging of magnetic resonance imaging in the ischemic penumbra and the infarct core at the 2 time points were studied for verifying the effectiveness of the combined revascularization. Changes in DT values at MCA-terminal territory after revascularization had been investigated. The dynamic data were with reference to the individual cerebellar arteries.
All patients with ischemic MMD underwent STA-MCA bypass combined with EDAMS successfully. The preoperative brain volume in DT > 3 seconds in MCA-terminal territory was significantly larger than that of postoperative one (P < .05) in the ischemic penumbra in ischemic MMD. The mismatch ratio in brain volume of 24 hours prior to revascularization in MCA-terminal territory was significantly lower than that of 3 months (P < .05) following combined revascularization. The percentage of mismatch in brain volume of 24 hours prior to revascularization vs that of 3 months and the value of γCBF < 30% were similar to the above mismatch ratio (P < .05). The ratio of postoperative brain volume in DT > 3 seconds vs DT > 6 seconds indicated no significant differences compared with that of preoperative one (P > .05).
The WB-CTP can be regarded as a choice for quantifying the combined revascularization in the ischemic penumbra and the infarct core in ischemic MMD. As proposed methods, brain volume in DT > 3 seconds, the value of γCBF < 30% and mismatch ratio in brain volume in MCA-terminal territory should be paid more attention in assessing the validity of STA-MCA bypass combined with EDAMS in ischemic MMD.
Functional Luminal Imaging Probe Assessment in Postfundoplication Patients Changes Management Beyond Manometry
Authors: Rosen Rachel , Garza Jose M. , Nurko Samuel 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Fundoplication is a commonly performed pediatric surgery but the surgery can result in nonspecific symptoms that merit further evaluation. The goal of this study was to determine the utility of Functional Luminal Imaging Probe (FLIP) compared with high‐resolution manometry with impedance (HRIM) in the evaluation of fundoplication symptoms.Methods:We reviewed the FLIP and HRIM tracings of symptomatic fundoplication patients. We compared FLIP results of fundoplication patients to those of pediatric achalasia and control patients. We also compared the role of FLIP to HRIM in clinical decision‐making and clinical outcomes.Results:EGJ distensibilities of fundoplication patients ranged from 0.6 to 8.2 mm2/mmHg. Because of the different pediatric patient sizes (8.9‐‐73.5 kg), balloon size inflations varied but, after adjusting balloon fill volume by weight, there was a linear relationship between inflation and distensibility. When compared with control patients and achalasia patients, distensibilities of fundoplication patients were lower than control patients and higher than achalasia patients (P = 0.0001). Patients who had an EGJ intervention had a mean EGJ distensibility of 2.3 ± 1.1 mm2/mmHg compared with 5.1 ± 1.6 mm2/mmHg in medically managed patients (P = 0.0001). Patients who had an esophagogastric junction (EGJ) intervention had a mean IRP of 13.9 ± 6.1 mmHg compared with medically managed patients who had a mean IRP of 9.9 ± 3.9 mmHg (P = 0.3).Conclusions:We show FLIP may provide additional insight into EGJ physiology in symptomatic fundoplication patients and complements HRIM.
Comparison of 5 Different PET Radiopharmaceuticals for the Detection of Recurrent Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Sang-Woo , Shim Sung Ryul , Jeong Shin Young , Kim Seong-Jang 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the performance of different PET radiopharmaceuticals for the detection of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) by performing a network meta-analysis (NMA) using direct comparison studies with 2 or more PET radiopharmaceuticals.

Methods
PubMed and EMBASE were searched for the studies evaluating the performance of PET or PET/CT for the detection of recurrent MTC. The NMA was performed for different PET radiopharmaceuticals in both patient- and lesion-based analyses and with a threshold of serum calcitonin or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and calcitonin doubling time. The consistency was evaluated by examining the agreement between direct and indirect treatment effects, and publication bias was assessed by funnel plot asymmetry tests. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve values were obtained to calculate the probability of each PET modality being the most effective diagnostic method.

Results
A total of 306 patients from 14 direct comparison studies using 5 different PET radiopharmaceuticals (18F-FDG, 18F-DOPA, 68Ga-somatostatin analogs, 3-O-methyl-6-[18F]fluoro-DOPA, and 11C-methionine) for the detection of recurrent MTC was included. The detection rate of 18F-DOPA PET was significantly higher than that of FDG PET in both patient- and lesion-based analyses (patient-based analysis: odds ratio, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–4.31; lesion-based analysis: odds ratio, 5.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.65–23.4). Among all PET radiopharmaceuticals, 18F-DOPA showed the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve value in both patient- and lesion-based analyses regardless of serum calcitonin or CEA levels and calcitonin doubling time.

Conclusions
The results from this NMA indicate that 18F-DOPA PET clearly showed a best performance for the detection of recurrent MTC in both patient- and lesion-based analyses regardless of serum calcitonin or CEA levels and calcitonin doubling time.
The Envelope of Segmental Movement and Airway Changes After Mandibular Anterior Subapical Osteotomy in Skeletal Class II Protrusion Patients
Authors: Jeong Hyun Joo , Kim Seong-Hun , Choi Byung-Joon , Han Seung-Heui , Ahn Hyo-Won 
Published: February 2020

Introduction:
This study aimed to determine the envelope of anterior segmental movement and changes in the inferior pharyngeal airway space (IPAS) and position of the hyoid bone following mandibular anterior subapical osteotomy (ASO) under local anesthesia in skeletal Class II patients with protrusion.

Methods:
The subjects were 33 skeletal Class II adult patients with lip protrusion. They were treated by extraction of 4 premolars and mandibular ASO under local anesthesia. Surgical movement of mandibular anterior segment and IPAS after surgery was evaluated by mandibular superimposition using lateral cephalograms between before and immediately after surgery. The depth of osteotomy and overlapping ratio were measured.

Results:
The mean retraction of the mandibular incisor was 4.04 mm at the tip and 4.29 mm at the root apex. The mean vertical movement of the mandibular incisor was 3.33 mm intrusion at the tip and 3.42 mm at the root apex. The axis of the mandibular incisor did not change significantly. Patients with deep curve of Spee showed significantly more intrusion of incisors, whereas the incisor axis became more proclined. The IPAS became narrower, and the hyoid bone moved downward after surgery. The decreased IPAS was positively correlated with retraction of root apex and proclination of the mandibular incisors.

Conclusion:
To establish precise surgical treatment objectives, a balance between the amount of intrusion and changes in axis should be sought after considering anatomical limitations. Mandibular ASO should be performed with caution in skeletal Class II patients vulnerable to airway-related problems.
Single-Cell Analysis of the 3D Topologies of Genomic Loci Using Genome Architecture Mapping
Authors: Welch Lonnie R. , Baugher Catherine , Zhang Yingnan , Davis Trenton , Marzluff William F. , Welch Joshua D. , Pombo Ana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough each cell within an organism contains a nearly identical genome sequence, the three-dimensional (3D) packing of the genome varies among individual cells, influencing cell-type-specific gene expression. Genome Architecture Mapping (GAM) is the first genome-wide experimental method for capturing 3D proximities between any number of genomic loci without ligation. GAM overcomes several limitations of 3C-based methods by sequencing DNA from a large collection of thin sections sliced from individual nuclei. The GAM technique measures locus co-segregation, extracts radial positions, infers chromatin compaction, requires small numbers of cells, does not depend on ligation, and provides rich single-cell information. However, previous analyses of GAM data focused exclusively on population averages, neglecting the variation in 3D topology among individual cells.We present the first single-cell analysis of GAM data, demonstrating that the slices from individual cells reveal intercellular heterogeneity in chromosome conformation. By simultaneously clustering both slices and genomic loci, we identify topological variation among single cells, including differential compaction of cell cycle genes. We also develop a geometric model of the nucleus, allowing prediction of the 3D positions of each slice. Using GAM data from mouse embryonic stem cells, we make new discoveries about the structure of the major mammalian histone gene locus, which is incorporated into the Histone Locus Body (HLB), including structural fluctuations and putative causal molecular mechanisms. Our methods are packaged asSluiceBox, a toolkit for mining GAM data. Our approach represents a new method of investigating variation in 3D genome topology among individual cells across space and time.
Secondary Vulvodynia Patients Show Reduced Bacterial Diversity in Vestibular Microbiome
Authors: Aalto Anu , Mishra Pashupati , Tuomisto Sari , Ceder Tiina , Sundström Kati , Leppänen Riikka , Ahinko Katja , Mäenpää Johanna , Lehtimäki Terho , Karhunen Pekka J , Staff Synnöve 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionLocalized Provoked Vulvodynia (LPV) is a quite common form of sexual pain among young women. Primary LPV (e.g. pain from the first attempted intercourse) and secondary LPV (pain-free time period before the initiation of symptoms) have been suggested to develop via different pathomechanisms. As inflammation is one possible trigger in LPV, changes in vaginal and/or vulvar microbiome may be an initiator of the inflammatory process leading to peripheral neurosensitization and predisposing women to LPV.AimAim of this pilot study was to find out, whether there are differences in vestibular microbiome between LPV patients and controls.Materials and MethodsThirty women with LPV (8 with primary and 22 with secondary LPV) and 21 controls were prospectively recruited to the study from Kanta-Häme Central Hospital and Tampere University Hospital (TAUH). Paired vestibular samples were collected in clinical outpatient setting and analyzed with 16s rRNA sequencing.ResultsLPV patients had lower BMI, were younger and more often nulliparous than controls. Patients with secondary vulvodynia had reduced (p = 0.06) bacterial species diversity (alpha diversity) and more clustered (p= 0.05) vaginal microbiome community (beta diversity) compared to healthy controls. Differential abundance analysis identified 31 bacterial taxa that contributed to the difference in bacterial composition between secondary cases and controls (p < 0.05). Bacteria taxa that were increased among patients were Gardneralla vaginalis (p<0.0001), Peptoniphilus spp (p<0.0001), Prevotella amnii (p<0.0001) and Streptococcus spp (p=0.0001). Several bacterial species were more abundant among healthy controls reflecting reduced bacterial diversity among patients.ConclusionIn patients with secondary LPV changes in vulvar microbiome may contribute to pathogenesis of LPV and ultimately lead to targeted therapeutic options. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in a larger study.
Evaluating the accuracy of different respiratory specimens in the laboratory diagnosis and monitoring the viral shedding of 2019-nCoV infections
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Minghui , Shen Chenguang , Wang Fuxiang , Yuan Jing , Li Jinxiu , Zhang Mingxia , Wang Zhaoqin , Xing Li , Wei Jinli , Peng Ling , Wong Gary , Zheng Haixia , Wu Weibo , Liao Mingfeng , Feng Kai , Li Jianming , Yang Qianting , Zhao Juanjuan , Zhang Zheng , Liu Lei , Liu Yingxia 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) caused by 2019-nCoV spread rapidly, and elucidating the diagnostic accuracy of different respiratory specimens is crucial for the control and treatment of this disease.MethodsRespiratory samples including nasal swabs, throat swabs, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected from Guangdong CDC confirmed NCP patients, and viral RNAs were detected using a CFDA approved detection kit. Results were analyzed in combination with sample collection date and clinical information.FindingsExcept for BALF, the sputum possessed the highest positive rate (74.4%∼88.9%), followed by nasal swabs (53.6%∼73.3%) for both severe and mild cases during the first 14 days after illness onset (d.a.o). For samples collected ≥ 15 d.a.o, sputum and nasal swabs still possessed a high positive rate ranging from 42.9%∼61.1%. The positive rate of throat swabs collected ≥ 8 d.a.o was low, especially in samples from mild cases. Viral RNAs could be detected in all the lower respiratory tract of severe cases, but not the mild cases. CT scan of cases 02, 07 and 13 showed typical viral pneumonia with ground-glass opacity, while no viral RNAs were detected in first three or all the upper respiratory samples.InterpretationSputum is most accurate for laboratory diagnosis of NCP, followed by nasal swabs. Detection of viral RNAs in BLAF is necessary for diagnosis and monitoring of viruses in severe cases. CT scan could serve as an important make up for the diagnosis of NCP.FundingNational Science and Technology Major Project, Sanming Project of Medicine and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
Myc supercompetitor cells exploit the NMDA receptor to subdue their wild-type neighbours via cell competition
Authors: Banreti Agnes R. , Meier Pascal 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYMyc is a major driver of cell growth in many cancers, but direct inhibition of Myc’s oncogenic activity has been challenging. Interactions between wild-type and Myc-expressing cells cause Myc cells to acquire ‘supercompetitor’ behaviour that increases their fitness and enables them to overtake the tissue by killing their wild-type neighbours through TNF-induced cell death during a process called cell competition. Here we report that the competitive behaviour of Myc, RasV12 cells, and normal epithelial cells, critically depends on the NMDA receptor. Myc cells upregulate NMDAR2 (NR2) to gain supercompetitor status and subdue their wild-type neighbours. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic depletion of NR2 changes the supercompetitor status of oncogenic Myc or RasV12 clones into ‘superlosers’, resulting in their elimination via cell competition by wild-type neighbours in a TNF-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that that the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) determines cellular fitness during cell competition, and can be targeted to change the fitness landscape of supercompetitive Myc and RasV12 clones, converting them into superlosers.
High-Speed Super-Resolution Imaging Using Protein-Assisted DNA-PAINT
Authors: Filius Mike , Cui Tao Ju , Ananth Adithya , Docter Margreet , Hegge Jorrit W. , van der Oost John , Joo Chirlmin 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTSuper-resolution imaging allows for visualization of cellular structures on a nanoscale level. DNA-PAINT (DNA Point Accumulation In Nanoscale Topology) is a super-resolution method that depends on the binding and unbinding of DNA imager strands. The current DNA-PAINT technique suffers from slow acquisition due to the low binding rate of the imager strands. Here we report on a method where imager strands are loaded into a protein, Argonaute (Ago), that allows for faster binding. Ago pre-orders the DNA imager strand into a helical conformation, allowing for 10 times faster target binding. Using a 2D DNA origami structure, we demonstrate that Ago-assisted DNA-PAINT (Ago-PAINT) can speed up the current DNA-PAINT technique by an order of magnitude while maintaining the high spatial resolution. We envision this tool to be useful not only for super-resolution imaging, but also for other techniques that rely on nucleic-acid interactions.
Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally linked to educational attainment?
Authors: Dardani Christina , Leppert Beate , Riglin Lucy , Rai Dheeraj , Howe Laura D , Smith George Davey , Tilling Kate , Thapar Anita , Davies Neil M. , Anderson Emma , Stergiakouli Evie 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndividuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are at risk of poor educational outcomes. Parental educational attainment has also been associated with risk of ADHD/ASD in the offspring. Despite evidence that ADHD and ASD show genetic links to educational attainment, less is known on the causal nature of the associations and the possible role of IQ.MethodsWe assessed the total causal effects of genetic liability to ADHD/ASD on educational attainment using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). We assessed the possible contribution of IQ to the identified causal effects by estimating the “direct” effects of ADHD/ASD on educational attainment, independent of IQ, using Multivariable MR (MVMR). Reverse direction analyses were performed. The latest GWAS meta-analyses of ADHD, ASD, educational attainment and IQ were used. Causal effect estimates were generated using inverse variance weighted models (IVW). Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the estimates and the presence of pleiotropy.ResultsGenetic liability to ADHD had a total (MRIVW:-3.3 months per doubling of liability to ADHD;95%CI: -4.8 to -1.9; pval= 5*10−6) and direct negative causal effect on educational attainment (MVMRIVW:-1.6 months per doubling of liability to ADHD;95%CI: -2.5 to -0.6; pval= 4*10−4). There was little evidence of a total causal effect of genetic liability to ASD on educational attainment (MRIVW: 4 days, per doubling of liability to ASD;95%CI: -4.9 months to 5.6 months; pval= 0.9) but some evidence of a direct effect not via IQ (MVMRIVW:29 days per doubling the genetic liability to ASD;95%CI: 2 to 48; pval= 0.03). Reverse direction analyses suggested that genetic liability to higher educational attainment was associated with lower risk of ADHD (MRIVWOR: 0.3 per standard deviation (SD) increase;95%CI: 0.26 to 0.36; pval= 6*10−51), even after IQ was entered in the models (MVMRIVWOR:0.33 per SD increase;95%CI: 0.26 to 0.43; pval= 6*10−17). On the contrary, there was evidence consistent with a positive causal effect of genetic liability to higher educational attainment on risk of ASD (MRIVWOR: 1.51 per SD increase;95%CI: 1.29 to 1.77; pval= 4*10−7), which was found to be largely explained by IQ (MVMRIVWORper SD increase: 1.24;95%CI: 0.96 to 1.60; pval= 0.09).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that despite the genetic and phenotypic overlap between ADHD and ASD, they present highly differentiated causal associations with educational attainment. This highlights the necessity for specialized educational interventions for children with ADHD and ASD. Further research is needed in order to decipher whether the identified causal effects reflect parentally transmitted effects, diagnostic masking, or selection bias.
Design trade-offs and robust architectures for combined transcriptional and translational resource allocation controllers
Authors: Darlington Alexander P.S. , Bates Declan G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent work on engineering synthetic cellular circuitry has shown that non-regulatory interactions brought about through competition for shared gene expression resources, such as RNA polymerase and ribosomes, can result in degraded performance or even circuit failure. Transcriptional and translational resource allocation controllers based on orthogonal ‘circuit-specific’ gene expression machineries have previously been separately designed to enforce modularity and improve circuit performance. Here we investigate the potential advantages, challenges, and design trade-offs involved in combining transcriptional and translational resource allocation into one overarching centralised control system. We design a number of biologically feasible controllers that reduce coupling at both the transcriptional and translational levels simultaneously, and identify some key performance tradeoffs. We apply tools from robust control theory to rigorously quantify the impact of uncertainty/variability arising due to experimental implementations on the operation of such controllers. Based on these results, we identify promising architectures for the construction of robust dual transcriptional–translational resource allocation controllers.