bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of Si ii and S ii features in spectra of Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Zhao Xulin , Maeda Keiichi , Wang Xiaofeng , Sai Hanna 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We studied the spectral features of Si ii λλ4130, 5972, 6355 and the S ii W-trough for a large sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We found that in the NV (normal-velocity) subclass of SNe Ia, these features tend to reach a maximum line strength near maximum light, except for Si ii λ5972. Spectral features with higher excitation energy, such as the S ii W-trough, are relatively weak and have a relatively low velocity. SNe Ia with larger Δm15(B) tend to have lower velocities, especially at phases after maximum light. NV SNe show a trend of increasing line strength with increasing Δm15(B), while 91T/99aa-like SNe show an opposite trend. Near maximum light, the absorption depth of Si ii λ5972 shows the strongest correlation with Δm15(B), while at early times the sum of the depths of Si ii λλ4130 and 5972 shows the strongest correlation with Δm15(B). The overall correlation between velocity and line strength is positive, but within NV SNe the correlation is negative or unrelated, depending on the phase. In normal SNe Ia (including the high-velocity SNe), the velocity difference and depth ratio of a longer-wavelength feature to a shorter-wavelength feature tend to increase with increasing Δm15(B). These results are mostly well explained with atomic physics, but some puzzles remain, possibly related to the effects of saturation, line competition or other factors.
A multi-epoch study of radio continuum emission from massive protostars
Authors: Obonyo W O , Lumsden S L , Hoare M G , Kurtz S E , Purser S J D 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the results of the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) observation of five massive protostars at 6 and 22.2 GHz. The aim of the study was to compare their current fluxes and positions with previous observations to search for evidence of variability. Most of the observed sources present the morphologies of a thermal core, hosting the protostar and exhibiting no proper motion, and associated non-thermal radio lobes that are characterized by proper motions and located away from the thermal core. Some of the protostars drive jets whose lobes have dissimilar displacement vectors, implying precession of the jets or the presence of multiple jet drivers. The jets of the protostars were found to have proper motions that lie in the range of 170 ≤ v ≤ 650 km s−1, and precessions of periods of 40 ≤ p ≤ 50 yr and angles of 2 ≤ α ≤ 10°, assuming that their velocities v = 500 km s−1. The core of one of the sources, S255 NIRS3, which was in outburst at the time of our observations, showed a significant change in flux compared to the other sources. Its spectral index decreased during the outburst, consistent with the model of an expanding gas bubble. Modelling the emission of the outburst as that of a new non-thermal lobe that is emerging from a thermal core whose emission enshrouds that of the lobe also has the potential to account for the increase in flux and a decrease in the spectral index of the source’s outburst.
Physical conditions and redshift evolution of optically thin C iii absorbers: low-z sample
Authors: Mohapatra Abhisek , Srianand R , Pradhan Ananta C 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of 99 optically thin C iii absorption systems at redshift 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 0.9 associated with neutral hydrogen column densities in the range 15 ≤ log $N({\rm{H\,{\small I}}})$ (cm−2) ≤ 16.2. Using photoionization models, we infer the number density (nH), C-abundance ([C/H]), and line-of-sight thickness (L) of these systems in the ranges −3.4 ≤ log nH (cm−3) ≤ −1.6, −1.6 ≤ [C/H] ≤ 0.4, and 1.3 pc ≤ L ≤ 10 kpc, respectively, with most of the systems having sub-kpc scale thickness. We combine the low-z and previously reported high-z (2.1 ≤ z ≤ 3.3) optically thin C iii systems to study the redshift evolution and various correlations between the derived physical parameters. We see a significant redshift evolution in nH, [C/H], and L. We compare the redshift evolution of metallicity in C iii systems with those of various types of absorption systems. We find that the slope of [C/H] versus z for C iii absorbers is steeper compared to the redshift evolution of cosmic metallicity of the damped Ly α sample (DLA) but consistent with that of sub-DLAs. We find the existence of strong anticorrelation between L and [C/H] for the combined sample with a significance level of 8.39σ. We see evidence of two distinct [C/H] branch C iii populations (low-[C/H] branch, $[\mathrm{ C/H}]\, \le -1.2$, and high-[C/H] branch, $[\mathrm{ C/H}]\, \gt -1.2$) in the combined C iii sample when divided appropriately in the L versus $N({\rm{C\,{\small III}}})$ plane. Further studies of C iii absorbers in the redshift range 1.0 ≤ z ≤ 2.0 are important to map the redshift evolution of these absorbers and gain insights into the time evolution physical conditions of the circumgalactic medium.
Capabilities of selenoneine to cross thein vitroblood–brain barrier model
Authors: Drobyshev Evgenii , Raschke Stefanie , Glabonjat Ronald A , Bornhorst Julia , Ebert Franziska , Kuehnelt Doris , Schwerdtle Tanja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe naturally occurring selenoneine (SeN), the selenium analogue of the sulfur-containing antioxidant ergothioneine, can be found in high abundance in several marine fish species. However, data on biological properties of SeN and its relevance for human health are still scarce. This study aims to investigate the transfer and presystemic metabolism of SeN in a well-established in vitro model of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, SeN and the reference Se species selenite and Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) were applied to primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCECs). Se content of culture media and cell lysates was measured via ICP-MS/MS. Speciation analysis was conducted by HPLC–ICP-MS. Barrier integrity was shown to be unaffected during transfer experiments. SeN demonstrated the lowest transfer rates and permeability coefficient (6.7 × 10−7 cm s−1) in comparison to selenite and MeSeCys. No side-directed accumulation was observed after both-sided application of SeN. However, concentration-dependent transfer of SeN indicated possible presence of transporters on both sides of the barrier. Speciation analysis demonstrated no methylation of SeN by the PBCECs. Several derivatives of SeN detected in the media of the BBB model were also found in cell-free media containing SeN and hence not considered to be true metabolites of the PBCECs. In concluding, SeN is likely to have a slow transfer rate to the brain and not being metabolized by the brain endothelial cells. Since this study demonstrates that SeN may reach the brain tissue, further studies are needed to investigate possible health-promoting effects of SeN in humans.
Long-Term Outcomes of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Progressive or Unresectable Pilocytic Astrocytomas: Case Studies
Authors: Uluc Kutluay , Siler Dominic A , Lopez Ricardo , Varallyay Csanad , Netto Joao Prola , Firkins Jenny , Lacy Cindy , Huddleston Amy , Ambady Prakash , Neuwelt Edward A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Progressive and/or unresectable pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) carry a poor prognosis compared to typical PA. Early radiotherapy (RT) may have severe long-term neurocognitive side effects in this patient population. Intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy is a viable alternative or addition to intravenous (IV) chemotherapy, which may be beneficial in avoidance of early RT.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of IA chemotherapy in this subset of patients.

METHODS
This is a retrospective review of medical records of PA patients who are treated with IA chemotherapy at Oregon Health & Science University from 1997 until 2019. Response to treatment was categorized as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) are also reported.

RESULTS
Twelve patients were identified. All patients experienced progression prior to initiation of IA chemotherapy. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities related to chemotherapy were thrombocytopenia (66%), neutropenia (66%), leukopenia (50%), anemia (33%), and lymphopenia (16%). Responses achieved were CR in 1, PR in 3, SD in 7, and PD in 1. Median PFS and median OS were 16.5 and 83.5 mo, respectively. A total of 112 procedures (IA injections) were performed and 250 arteries were catheterized. There were 3 minor and no major complications attributable to procedures.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that IA chemotherapy can be safely used in patients with unresectable or progressive PA.
Electronic Cigarette Product Placement and Imagery in Popular Music Videos
Authors: Escobedo Patricia , Rosenthal Erica L , Saucier Camille J , Unger Jennifer B , Cruz Tess B , Kirkpatrick Matt , Allem Jon-Patrick 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Given the increasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young adults, it is crucial to identify possible sources of e-cigarette marketing exposure in media popular among young adults. However few studies document e-cigarette product placement (eg, visible logo, branded merchandise or gear such as a branded hat or shirt) in music videos. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of e-cigarette product placement and imagery in popular music videos.

Methods
Songs on the Billboard Hot 100 list during the weeks of June 16 through September 22, 2018 with official music videos were identified (n = 180) and coded for e-cigarette product placement and imagery (including aerosol clouds), visible brand names, number of views (as of October 25, 2018), music genre, video themes, and combustible tobacco content.

Results
E-cigarette product placement and imagery appeared in 7 (3.8%) music videos which were viewed over a billion times, providing billions of e-cigarette impressions. Among music videos with e-cigarette product placement and imagery, the most prevalent theme was Image/Lifestyle/Sociability (eg, ostentatious lifestyle, partying) and the most prevalent genre was Hip Hop. The e-cigarette companies KandyPens and Mig Vapor were identified.

Conclusion
While e-cigarette product placement or imagery appeared in a relatively low number of music videos in this study, these videos received views in the billions. Music videos should be considered when assessing e-cigarette marketing exposure among priority populations. Future research should examine how viewing e-cigarette product placement and imagery in music videos influences susceptibility to use such products among young adults.

Implications
While e-cigarette product placement (eg, scenes with visible branding, a visible logo, branded merchandise or gear such as a branded hat or shirt) or imagery appeared in a relatively low number of popular music videos in this study, these videos received views in the billions on YouTube. KandyPens and Mig Vapor were the companies responsible for the majority of the product placement identified in this study. The predominant music genre of videos featuring any e-cigarette product placement or imagery was Hip Hop, while the predominant theme of videos was Image/Lifestyle/Sociability. Music videos appear to be a potential source of exposure to e-cigarette products. Future research should examine how viewing e-cigarette product placement and imagery in music videos influences susceptibility to use such products among priority populations.
Progressive Changes in Glutamate Concentration in Early Stages of Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal 7-Tesla MRS Study
Authors: Jeon Peter , Limongi Roberto , Ford Sabrina D , Mackinley Michael , Dempster Kara , Théberge Jean , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Progressive reduction in glutamatergic transmission has been proposed as an important component of the illness trajectory of schizophrenia. Despite its popularity, to date, this notion has not been convincingly tested in patients in early stages of schizophrenia. In a longitudinal 7T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), we quantified glutamate at the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in 21 participants with a median lifetime antipsychotic exposure of less than 3 days and followed them up after 6 months of treatment. Ten healthy controls were also scanned at 2 time points. While patients had significantly lower overall glutamate levels than healthy controls (F(1,27) = 5.23, P = .03), we did not observe a progressive change of glutamate concentration in patients (F(1,18) = 0.47, P = .50), and the group by time interaction was not significant (F(1,27) = 0.86, P = .36). On average, patients with early psychosis receiving treatment showed a 0.02 mM/y increase, while healthy controls showed a 0.06 mM/y reduction of MRS glutamate levels. Bayesian analysis of our observations does not support early, post-onset glutamate loss in schizophrenia. Interestingly, it provides evidence in favor of a lack of progressive glutamate change in our schizophrenia sample—indicating that the glutamate level at the onset of illness was the best predictor of the levels 6 months after treatment. A more nuanced view of glutamatergic physiology, linked to early cortical maturation, may be required to understand glutamate-mediated dynamics in schizophrenia.
Spatial analysis of congenital syphilis in a federative unit in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Graepp Fontoura Iolanda , Lima Valckinara Carreiro , Fontoura Volmar Morais , Santos Floriacy Stabnow , de Jesus Costa Ana Cristina Pereira , de Oliveira Francisca Jacinta Feitoza , de Oliveira Feitosa Marcela , de Almeida Tavares Hanari Santos , Lima Lilian Natália Ferreira , Falcão Arissane de Sousa , Silva Roberta de Araújo e , Dias Ismália Cassandra Costa Maia , dos Santos Leonardo Hunaldo , Bezerra Janaina Miranda , Fonseca Sheila Cristina Teixeira , Santos Neto Marcelino 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Congenital syphilis is an infectious disease that affects 1 million children a year worldwide.

Methods
The objective of this study was to describe a spatial analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of congenital syphilis in the state of Maranhão, Brazil from 2007 to 2018. This was an ecological study using data obtained in May 2020 from three Brazilian information systems. The spatial correlation was analyzed according to local and global Moran indexes.

Results
During the 12-y period, 1 426 177 children were born. Of these children, 3684 acquired congenital syphilis (0.26%; mean annual rate of 2.62/1000 live births) and 70 died (1.90%; mean annual rate 0.05). The clusters were statistically significant according to the global Moran index of 0.40 (p=0.01). Spearman's correlation coefficient between the rate of detection of syphilis in pregnant women and family health strategy teams was strong, positive and significant (ρ=0.73; p&lt;0.00). Most of the variables studied showed a trend of annual increase (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
The use of spatial analysis tools have made it possible to detect areas with both a greater and a lesser need for intervention, and to more effectively improve and monitor those areas to change the epidemiological profile of the disease.
Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: when, how, and why
Authors: Paoletti Giovanni , Melone Giulio , Ferri Sebastian , Puggioni Francesca , Baiardini Ilaria , Racca Francesca , Canonica Giorgio W. , Heffler Enrico , Malipiero Giacomo 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Gastro-esophageal reflux is a possible cause of uncontrolled symptoms of asthma and should be actively investigated and treated before severe asthma is diagnosed and biological therapy started.

Recent findings
Recent investigations on esophageal function and tissue biomarkers in patients with asthma and associated GERD have established a relevant role for esophageal motility and neuronal sensory abnormalities in linking the two diseases. Characterization of the underpinning inflammatory substrate has showed mixed results as both neutrophilic and eosinophilic type 2 inflammatory changes have been described.

Summary
New findings regarding inflammatory mechanisms in GERD-associated asthma as well as new diagnostic tools to investigate functional esophageal abnormalities and characterize asthma endotype have identified potential treatable traits that may improve the clinical management and outcome of asthmatic patients with GERD.
Allergen immunotherapy and biologics in respiratory allergy: friends or foes?
Authors: Malipiero Giacomo , Melone Giulio , Puggioni Francesca , Pawankar Ruby , Heffler Enrico , Paoletti Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Allergen-specific immunotherapy has established as an indispensable disease-modifying treatment in allergy practice but its safety and efficacy might be furtherly improved by combining it with other drugs or therapeutic intervention that co-modulate immune type 2 immune networks

Recent findings
In the past two decades, clinical research focused on AIT and omalizumab co-treatment to improve both safety and long-term efficacy of allergic disease treatment. Recently, combination of AIT with other biologicals targeting different mediators of type 2 inflammation has been set up with interesting preliminary results. Moreover, AIT current contraindication might be overcome by contemporarily controlling underlying type 2 inflammation in severe atopic patients.

Summary
AIT--biological combination treatment can realize a complex multitargeted treatment strategy allowing for consistently improving disease control and sparing steroid administration.
Atelectrauma Versus Volutrauma: A Tale of Two Time-Constants
Authors: Bates Jason H. T. , Gaver Donald P. , Habashi Nader M. , Nieman Gary F. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Elucidate how the degree of ventilator-induced lung injury due to atelectrauma that is produced in the injured lung during mechanical ventilation is determined by both the timing and magnitude of the airway pressure profile.

Design:
A computational model of the injured lung provides a platform for exploring how mechanical ventilation parameters potentially modulate atelectrauma and volutrauma. This model incorporates the time dependence of lung recruitment and derecruitment, and the time-constant of lung emptying during expiration as determined by overall compliance and resistance of the respiratory system.

Setting:
Computational model.

Subjects:
Simulated scenarios representing patients with both normal and acutely injured lungs.

Measurements and Main Results:
Protective low-tidal volume ventilation (Low-Vt) of the simulated injured lung avoided atelectrauma through the elevation of positive end-expiratory pressure while maintaining fixed tidal volume and driving pressure. In contrast, airway pressure release ventilation avoided atelectrauma by incorporating a very brief expiratory duration (

JOURNAL/ccex/04.03/02107256-202012000-00019/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-20T231948Z/r/image-jpeg

) that both prevents enough time for derecruitment and limits the minimum alveolar pressure prior to inspiration. Model simulations demonstrated that

JOURNAL/ccex/04.03/02107256-202012000-00019/inline-graphic2/v/2023-10-20T231948Z/r/image-jpeg

has an effective threshold value below which airway pressure release ventilation is safe from atelectrauma while maintaining a tidal volume and driving pressure comparable with those of Low-Vt. This threshold is strongly influenced by the time-constant of lung-emptying.

Conclusions:
Low-Vt and airway pressure release ventilation represent markedly different strategies for the avoidance of ventilator-induced lung injury, primarily involving the manipulation of positive end-expiratory pressure and

JOURNAL/ccex/04.03/02107256-202012000-00019/inline-graphic3/v/2023-10-20T231948Z/r/image-jpeg

, respectively.

JOURNAL/ccex/04.03/02107256-202012000-00019/inline-graphic4/v/2023-10-20T231948Z/r/image-jpeg

can be based on exhalation flow values, which may provide a patient-specific approach to protective ventilation.
Gastrocolic fistula: a case report
Authors: Frisone Daniele , Gobin Niels , Renard Philippe , Malekzadeh Sonaz , Constantin Christophe , Barberini Luc E. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Gastrocolic fistula (GCF) is a rarely reported complication of numerous diseases. When associated with malignancies, the prognosis is usually poor. The classic presentation includes diarrhea, feculent vomiting, and weight loss.

Presentation of Case:
We hereby report the case of a patient who presented with weight loss and dyspepsia for 2 months, in the absence of diarrhea. Diagnosis of a GCF was made by performing a gastroscopy and a computed tomography scan. The biopsy taken during gastroscopy showed a lower tract gastrointestinal cancer, and the patient underwent surgical treatment by “en bloc” resection. After an anastomosis leak, he recovered well and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. After a 3-year follow-up, the patient is alive and disease free.

Discussion:
This case presentation, together with a literature review, underlines that variable symptoms and signs that can be associated to this rare condition. The role of new imaging techniques such as computed tomography scan, compared with barium enema, should also be evaluated in this setting. The absence of lymph-node involvement may predict a good prognosis.

Conclusion:
GCF is a rare presentation of malignant diseases. In order to diagnose this rare condition a high grade of suspicion is needed, as symptoms are variable and most diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough to recognize it.
“You Helped Create This, Help Me Now”: A Qualitative Analysis of Patients’ Concerns about Breast Implants and a Proposed Strategy for Moving Forward
Authors: Steve Anna K. , Temple-Oberle Claire , Yeung Justin K. , Lafreniere Ann-Sophie , Harrop A. Robertson 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Some women with breast implants express concern about the safety of implants, fearing the possibility of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and breast implant-related illness.

Methods:
A qualitative analysis was performed to examine the perceived challenges, barriers, and worries experienced by these women. Convenience sampling was used to elicit responses from members of Canadian BIA-ALCL Facebook advocacy groups. Three independent coders read and reread the transcripts, using thematic analysis to identify emerging themes.

Results:
Sixty-four women answered questions posed by the president of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons regarding concerns about their breast implants. Five themes were identified: informing, listening, acknowledging, clarifying, and moving forward. Patients desire improved communication about possible risks before implantation and as new information becomes available (informing), sincere listening to their concerns (listening), acknowledgement that these disease entities may be real and have psychosocial/physical impact on patients (acknowledging), clarification of implant-related problems and their treatment (clarifying), and improved processes for monitoring and treatment of patients with identified problems (moving forward). Consideration of these themes in the context of the five domains of trust theory (i.e., fidelity, competence, honesty, confidentiality, and global trust) suggests significant breakdown in the doctor-patient relationship for a subset of concerned women.

Conclusions:
Concerns related to BIA-ALCL and breast implant-related illnesses have undermined some women’s trust in plastic surgeons. Consideration of these five themes and their impact on the five domains of trust can guide strategies for reestablishing patients’ trust in the plastic surgery community.