bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Happy as The Lark : Broadway Presents Joan of Arc
Authors: L. Coker Stephanie 
Published: December 2019

La pièce de Jean Anouilh L’Alouette , donnée pour la première fois à Paris (1953), fut adaptée aux États-Unis par Lillian Hellman. Acclamée par la critique , The Lark fut jouée en 1955 et son succès aux États-Unis s’explique de plusieurs façons. La dramaturge décrit une Pucelle à la poursuite d’objectifs qui lui sont propres et la pièce a recours aux flashbacks ainsi qu’à une fin aussi heureuse qu’inattendue. Cette adaptation de Hellman vient à point, tant sa scène finale présente à l’Amérique une vision d’espoir après la catastrophe de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
« Par forme de paradoxe » : les propositions didactiques d’Étienne Tabourot (1585)
Authors: Dupouy Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2019

Contemporain de Montaigne, magistrat bourguignon, amateur de jeux verbaux et d’historiettes gauloises, Étienne Tabourot publie en 1585 un livre de Bigarrures dont le premier chapitre s’intitule : « Quelques traits utiles pour l’institution des enfans ». Bien oublié pendant longtemps, mais réédité il y a quelques années, ce petit essai mérite à plus d’un titre de retenir l’attention des historiens et des philosophes de l’éducation. D’une part, il témoigne de la continuité entre la pédagogie humaniste, d’Érasme à Montaigne, et les méthodes mises en œuvre dans les premiers collèges jésuites. D’autre part, il propose des vues originales sur l’apprentissage du lire / écrire, sur l’importance didactique de la représentation spatiale et sur le rôle cognitif de la mémoire, conçue comme une organisation dynamique des savoirs en construction.
Souci de l’œuvre et / ou compétence ?
Authors: Vincent Hubert 
Published: December 2019

Il y a un risque à penser les finalités de l’école et de la formation exclusivement en termes de compétence. S’il y a des arguments solides en faveur d’une telle orientation – et c’est ce que la première partie de cet article voudrait examiner –, il reste cependant que l’attention exclusive aux compétences risque bien de nous faire oublier quelque chose, qui se situe du côté du faire œuvre et du côté du rapport aux œuvres. C’est ce que du moins je voudrais établir. Le faire œuvre, les œuvres, le souci de l’un et de l’autre, sont irréductibles à l’orientation vers la compétence et permettent de dessiner une autre orientation de l’éducation.
Correspondance
Authors: Frigerio Graciela , García Castro Antonia 
Published: December 2019

En Argentine, la campagne électorale pour les présidentielles, dans un contexte économique et social difficile, est l’occasion de s’arrêter sur le sens et les enjeux d’un slogan qui fleurit : Los argentinos juntos somos imparables / « Ensemble, rien ne peut arrêter les Argentins ».
Sages comme une image ? Sur la notion de modèle en philosophie pour enfants
Authors: Goubet Jean-François 
Published: December 2019

Que signifie, pour un enfant lui-même, être sage ; quelle représentation peut-il se faire lui-même de la sagesse ? Voilà les questions que pose cet article sur la philosophie pour enfants à l’école. La sagesse n’est pas docilité, ni même capacité d’esprit critique dans un monde d’images, mais une aptitude élaborée collectivement lors d’ateliers philosophiques. Comme le montrent les écrits précoces de M. Lipman et de ses collègues, le facilitateur donne aussi une image de compétence et de circonspection. L’expérience commune communiquée et critiquée permettrait ainsi l’acquisition d’une habileté de penser sagement, et la conquête individuelle d’une image de soi empruntant à des modèles au pouvoir de l’adulte, mais indirectement.
Le temps : de la catégorie temporelle à la catégorie épistémique
Authors: Pingeot Mazarine 
Published: December 2019

La philosophie de Descartes s’inscrit en rupture avec ce qui précède, et c’est en quelque sorte le geste même de la modernité : rompre, et considérer comme « Ancien » ce qui est dépassé. Cette auto-fondation par la conscience n’évacue pas pour autant « l’enfance » qui demeure à l’âge adulte, non plus comme âge, mais comme catégorie épistémique. L’enfance serait « le reste » de la modernité. On retrouve l’ambivalence de l’usage d’une catégorie temporelle transformée en opérateur structurel dans le « post » de la « post-modernité », mais c’est dans un sens inverse à celui de Descartes et de la modernité : le préfixe marque à la fois l’après et la fin. On va alors se demander s’il n’y a pas un « reste » de la post-modernité et si la catégorie de « l’enfance » n’a pas encore quelques enseignements à livrer à une époque où le post signifie une perte de l’expérience et de la réalité.
Preoperative Evaluation of Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis With Diskography
Authors: Cohen Max W , Maurer Philip M , Balderston Richard A 
Published: December 2019

abstract
Fourteen consecutive patients with a diagnosis of isthmic spondylolisthesis (grade I and II) underwent provocative lumbar diskography (L2-S1) to evaluate the disk adjacent to the spondylolisthesis. Seven (50%) of 1 4 patients had concordant pain at the disk above the slip and 2 patients had no pain at the slip level. Surgical treatment included anteroposterior fusion of the slip level and any adjacent concordant levels. Clinical results included 3 excellent, 7 good, 2 fair, and 1 poor outcome. This data supports the hypothesis that the disk adjacent to an isthmic slip is predisposed to symptomatic degeneration 1 in the adult patient with axial pain. It does not prove that a fusion is indicated or that clinical outcomes would be improved with this approach.
Managing Anterior Shoulder Instability With Bracing: An Expanded Update
Authors: Reuss Bryan L , Harding Warren G , Nowicki Kevin D 
Published: December 2019

abstract
This article provides an updated report on functional bracing for anterior shoulder instability. A classification of shoulder braces is reintroduced into three separate types. Type A braces limit shoulder motion to a "safe zone," whereas types B and C apply indirect and direct stabilizing forces to the joint, respectively. Thirteen of the most widely available braces were surveyed and the parameters of comfort, convenience, construction, cost, potential sport use, and special features were analyzed. Problem areas included poor fit and range of motion restriction. The system of classifying sports based on shoulder demands is reintroduced.
Current Concepts and Issues in Blood Management
Authors: Spence Richard K 
Published: December 2019

abstractBlood management in orthopedic surgery is no longer an option; it is a requirement. The combination of patient desire to avoid transfusion, increasing evidence of multiple risks, decreasing blood supplies, and increasing costs mandate attention. This article addresses the balance of risk versus benefit in blood transfusion and presents a perioperative plan of blood management for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
Aprotinin: A Pharmacologic Overview
Authors: Levy Jerrold H , Sypniewski Edward 
Published: December 2019

abstractAprotinin is a polypeptide with serine protease inhibitory activity of key enzymes associated with inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and hemostatic pathways. The drug binds directly to the fibrinolytic plasmin at the lower plasmin-inhibiting dose (plasma concentration, 137 KlU/mL), and the inflammatory mediator, kallikrein, using the higher kallikrein-inhibiting dose (plasma concentration, >250 KlU/mL). Aprotinin inhibits platelet glycoprotein loss (GpIb and Gpllb/llla receptors) associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and has been described as platelet sparing. Current literature supports direct anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of neutrophil activation, attachment, and transmigration, with resultant blunting in the rise of proinflammatory cytokine levels and deleterious tissue damaging enzymes. The pharmacologic properties of aprotinin may lead clinicians to consider this therapy for use as a hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent in surgeries beyond its established use in coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Efficacy and Safety of Aprotinin in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Levy Jerrold H 
Published: December 2019

abstract
Cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass produces bleeding and the need for allogenic blood product transfusions in many patients. Blood conservation is important in the perioperative management of patients. Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor isolated from bovine lung, is a complex protease inhibitor that is an antifibrinolytic, inhibits contact activation, and decreases the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. Aprotinin reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements in adult and pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Full-dose aprotinin significantly reduces postoperative blood loss and has been demonstrated in multiple prospective blinded studies to be safe and effective. One of the major adverse effects is anaphylaxis that occurs on re-exposure to aprotinin.
A Direct Antifibrinolytic Agent in Major Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Samama Charles Marc 
Published: December 2019

abstract
Aprotinin is a potent pharmacological agent that reduces bleeding. In current surgical practices, the rate of blood transfusions has decreased with the use of aprotinin. Recently, studies using aprotinin have been conducted in orthopedic surgery. Several trials have been performed in patients undergoing total hip replacement and total knee replacement. Aprotinin moderately decreased blood loss in these patients. When aprotinin was used in patients with a high-risk of bleeding (ie, patients with cancer, sepsis, or undergoing reoperation), potent hemostatic activity occurred and the rate of blood transfusions significantly decreased. No increase in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was observed. One adverse effect was the potential occurrence of an anaphylactoid reaction. Prophylactic administration of aprotinin should be considered in extensive spine surgery and in high-risk orthopedic operations. The decision to use aprotinin can be guided by a risk/benefit analysis.
Nonoperative Treatment of Partial-Thickness Meniscal Tears Identified During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zemanovic Jason R , McAllister David R , Hame Sharon L 
Published: December 2019

abstract
The reported incidence and treatment of partial-thickness meniscal tears seen at anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction varies widely. The success of nonoperative treatment of partial meniscal tears identified during ACL reconstruction at our institution was reviewed. All incomplete meniscal tears were treated with observation, all full-thickness tears were treated with repair or partial meniscectomy. Partial tears of the lateral meniscus were noted three times more commonly than in the medial meniscus and were seen more acutely after ACL injury than full-thickness tears. At 2-year follow-up, excellent knee function was noted when these tears were treated nonoperatively.
Personality and Alcohol-Related Risk: Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Alexithymia
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Boileau Megan , Thorberg Fred Arne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Previous research has established associations of neuroticism and extraversion with risky or problematic alcohol use in both clinical and nonclinical samples. More recently, alexithymia—a personality trait defined by difficulties in identifying and describing feelings as well as concrete thinking—has been implicated as a risk factor for problematic drinking; however, whether it is an independent risk factor or overlaps with others has not been determined. The present study examined neuroticism, extraversion, and alexithymia in relation to risky drinking in a nonclinical sample of 285 alcohol consumers aged 18-60 years. Neuroticism and extraversion were measured with the International Personality Item Pool Big Five Factor Markers, whereas alexithymia was measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test provided an index of alcohol-related risk. Hierarchical regression indicated that neuroticism, extraversion, and alexithymia were all significant positive predictors of risky drinking after controlling for demographic and mood variables. Alexithymia was positively related to neuroticism, and both were negatively related to extraversion. The relationship between alexithymia and risky drinking was partially mediated by neuroticism, and the association of alexithymia with neuroticism was partially mediated by negative mood. Neuroticism, extraversion, and alexithymia appear to be independently related to alcohol-related risk, although the influence of alexithymia may partially overlap with that of neuroticism. Both alexithymia and neuroticism are associated with proneness to negative moods; a reliance on drinking to cope with such states may account for the links of both traits to risky or problematic drinking in line with Cloninger’s type I alcoholism. However, additional aspects of alexithymia may also contribute to its role in alcohol-related risk. The relationship of extraversion to risky drinking appears congruent with Cloninger’s type II alcoholism, where high reward sensitivity motivates drinking to enhance positive states.
The Hoisington Tape: An Oral History of E. B. Titchener’s Last Years at Cornell (1921-1927)
Authors: Marshall Philip H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
L. B. Hoisington (1883-1970) was a graduate student and then faculty colleague of E. B. Titchener (1867-1927) at Cornell University. In 1965, Hoisington gave a tape-recorded oral history interview conducted by Dr. Joseph “Bob” Ray (1924-2007), then professor of clinical psychology at Texas Tech University. Hoisington and Ray were formerly together as faculty and graduate student, respectively, at the University of Oklahoma. The interview focused on Hoisington’s memories and reflections about Titchener. The purpose of this report is to present to students and scholars of the history of psychology an overview of the contents of that candid, refreshingly personal interview. This report is not meant to be a detailed critical analysis of Hoisington’s recollections, although much of the substance and tenor of his remarks are corroborated in the scholarly record. A transcript of the 1-hr, 12-min interview is available as supplemental material (Marshall, 2019; https://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/ajp/media/hoisington_tape/).
Herbs and Saints in the City of Angels: Researching Botánicas, Healing, and Power in Southern California
Authors: Jones Michael Owen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This essay presents results of an exploratory project from 2000–2002 on folk medicine among Latinx healers in Los Angeles, initiated because little research had been conducted on botánicas anywhere in the United States. The findings reveal that most of the healers are steeped in more than one religious and healing tradition, and that many of these specialists are not, as sometimes assumed, poorly educated, unsophisticated, or adversaries of biomedical care. In addition, clientele are not exclusively Latinx, immigrants, or impoverished, and they seek help for physical, emotional, interpersonal, legal, and other problems including alcoholism, the last of which practitioners attend to with plant and ritual therapies as well as by recommending treatment centers. Data from this study can help inform educational and medical programs regarding faith-based and herbal therapies by vernacular practitioners in Los Angeles.
Polluted Air from Canadian Wildfires and Cardiopulmonary Disease in the Eastern US
Authors: Maldarelli Mary E. , Song Hyeonjin , Brown Clayton H. , Situt Madhurika , Reilly Colleen , Mahurkar Anup A. , Felix Victor , Crabtree Jonathan , Ellicott Evan , Jurczak Martha O. , Pant Binod , Gumel Abba , Zafari Zafar , D’Souza Warren , Sapkota Amir , Maron Bradley A. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceIntense wildfires affecting residential populations are increasingly frequent. However, the adverse cardiopulmonary consequences to patients from remote wildfire smoke exposure is uncertain.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between wildfire smoke originating in Western Canadian provinces with cardiopulmonary disease burden in sociodemographically heterogenous populations in the Eastern US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-only study used International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for cardiopulmonary diseases extracted from the University of Maryland Medical System in June 2023 vs June 2018 and June 2019. Data were analyzed from September 2023 to September 2024.ExposuresHigh air pollution episodes where the concentration of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5) exceeded the toxic National Ambient Air Quality Standard (35 μg/m3) (referred to as “hotspot days”) on contiguous days.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe number of patients with inpatient, ambulatory, and emergency department clinical encounters during assigned hotspot days in June 2023 compared with matching days in June of control years. Adjustments for covariates for comparisons between groups were made with χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsStatewide air quality analysis identified June 6-8 and 28-30 as 6 hotspot days with an increase in PM2.5 by 9.4-fold and 7.4-fold, respectively, in Baltimore City compared with all other days in 2023. After adjusting for calendar days across years, the cohort included 2339 cardiopulmonary clinical encounters in June 2023 (mean [SD] age, 68 [15] years; 1098 female [46.9%]; 710 Black [30.4%], 1528 White [65.3%]) and 3609 encounters in June 2018-2019 (mean [SD] age, 65 [15] years; 1690 female [46.8%]; 1181 Black [32.7%], 2269 White [62.9%]). The proportion of clinical encounters occurring during hotspot days in June 2023 was 588 of 2339 days (25.1%) vs 806 of 3609 days (22.3%) in control years (χ2 = 6.07; P = .01), with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.18 (95% CI, 1.03-1.34; P = .02). Restricting this analysis to cardiac diseases, there was a 20% increase in adjusted odds for a clinical encounter (aOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.42; P = .04). Patients with cardiopulmonary encounters on hotspot days had greater socioeconomic advantage vs control years by ADI score (mean [SD] score, 39.1 [21.1] vs 41.0 [23.7]; P = .05).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case-only study of a large medical system, we identified an increased cardiopulmonary disease burden for residents of Maryland that was likely associated with contemporaneous wildfire smoke–based infiltration of polluted or toxic air originating from Western Canada up to 2100 miles remotely.
Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Related Lower Respiratory Tract Disease
Authors: Tartof Sara Y. , Aliabadi Negar , Goodwin Gabriella , Slezak Jeff , Hong Vennis , Ackerson Bradley , Liu Qing , Shaw Sally , Welsh Sabrina , Stern Julie A. , Kapadia Banshri , Spence Brigitte C. , Lewnard Joseph A. , Davis Gregg S. , Aragones Michael , Dutro Michael , Chilson Erica , Gonzalez Elisa , Hubler Robin , Chia Brandon , Jodar Luis , Gessner Bradford D. , Begier Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceClinical trials have demonstrated high vaccine efficacy (VE) against lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) but enrolled a smaller proportion of persons aged 75 years or older and those with comorbidities than seen in highest-risk populations in clinical practice settings. Additionally, VE against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits is not yet fully described.ObjectiveTo estimate Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F (RSVpreF) effectiveness in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective case-control study with a test negative design. Cases were adults aged 60 years or older with hospitalizations or ED visits at Kaiser Permanente of Southern California for LRTD from November 24, 2023, to April 9, 2024, who had respiratory swabs collected and tested for RSV. Two control definitions were prespecified: (1) strict controls included RSV-negative LRTD events that were negative for human metapneumovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza, and positive for a nonvaccine preventable cause (primary) and (2) broad controls included all RSV-negative LRTD events (sensitivity analysis). Enhanced specimen collection was conducted to salvage clinical respiratory swabs not tested for RSV during routine care. Data were analyzed from May to September 2024.ExposureRSVpreF vaccine receipt during the first RSV season after licensure and 21 or more days before LRTD event.Main outcomes and measuresEstimated VE against first episode of RSV-related LRTD hospitalization or ED visit.ResultsA total of 7047 LRTD-related hospitalizations or ED encounters with RSV testing results were included. The mean (SD) age was 76.8 (9.6) years; 3819 (54.2%) were female; 839 (11.9%) were non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander, 2323 (33.0%) were Hispanic, 1197 (17.0%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 2602 (36.9%) were non-Hispanic White; 998 (14.2%) were immunocompromised; and 6573 (93.3%) had 1 or more Charlson comorbidity. Using strict controls, estimated adjusted VE was 91% (95% CI, 59%-98%). Using broad controls, estimated adjusted VE was 90% (95% CI, 59%-97%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn a high-risk, general population, RSVpreF vaccination conferred protection against RSV-related LRTD in the hospital and ED settings among US adults aged 60 years or older, the majority of whom were aged 75 years or older and had comorbidities. These data support use of this vaccine in older adults.
Waveguide Components
Authors: Budimir Djuradj 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Waveguide components such as waveguides as transmission lines, mode transducers, terminations, discontinuities, attenuators, phase shifters, multiport junctions, directional couplers, filters, diplexers, and multiplexers are extensively employed in industry to produce waveguide subsystems for a wide variety of microwave and millimeter wave applications. Waveguide components, in general, are constructed from elements of the transmission structures and it is essential to understand the electromagnetics of the situation. This chapter attempts to illustrate the basic considerations by referring to a few of the more important rectangular waveguide components employed in microwave and millimeter wave systems. It is hoped that the references included at the end of this chapter will direct the interested reader to sources of more detailed information on particular subjects.