bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is quality of YouTube content on Bankart lesion and its surgical treatment adequate?
Authors: Akpolat Ahmet Onur , Kurdal Demet Pepele 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The Internet has developed into a fast and easy to access source of information. The second most popular social media network is YouTube. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and quality of videos uploaded to YouTube about Bankart lesion without diagnostic or treatment-related criteria.

Methods
Various keywords were searched for on YouTube. Videos were evaluated with the DISCERN and JAMA Benchmark scoring systems by two independent reviewers.

Results
A total of 48 videos were taken into evaluation as a result of the search. The mean view count was 28909.68 ± 30264.3. Mean length of the videos was 313,06 ± 344.65. The average DISCERN score of both reviewers was 2.35 ± 0.91. The average JAMA Benchmark score of both reviewers was 2.11 ± 0.77.

Conclusion
We concluded that the accuracy and reliability of the videos obtained from YouTube by searching for the words Bankart and labrum lesion/injury/treatment are low.
Allosteric inhibition of CRISPR-Cas9 by bacteriophage-derived peptides
Authors: Cui Yan-ru , Wang Shao-jie , Chen Jun , Li Jie , Chen Wenzhang , Wang Shuyue , Meng Bing , Zhu Wei , Zhang Zhuhong , Yang Bei , Jiang Biao , Yang Guang , Ma Peixiang , Liu Jia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
CRISPR-Cas9 has been developed as a therapeutic agent for various infectious and genetic diseases. In many clinically relevant applications, constitutively active CRISPR-Cas9 is delivered into human cells without a temporal control system. Excessive and prolonged expression of CRISPR-Cas9 can lead to elevated off-target cleavage. The need for modulating CRISPR-Cas9 activity over time and dose has created the demand of developing CRISPR-Cas off switches. Protein and small molecule-based CRISPR-Cas inhibitors have been reported in previous studies.

Results
We report the discovery of Cas9-inhibiting peptides from inoviridae bacteriophages. These peptides, derived from the periplasmic domain of phage major coat protein G8P (G8PPD), can inhibit the in vitro activity of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) proteins in an allosteric manner. Importantly, the inhibitory activity of G8PPD on SpCas9 is dependent on the order of guide RNA addition. Ectopic expression of full-length G8P (G8PFL) or G8PPD in human cells can inactivate the genome-editing activity of SpyCas9 with minimum alterations of the mutation patterns. Furthermore, unlike the anti-CRISPR protein AcrII4A that completely abolishes the cellular activity of CRISPR-Cas9, G8P co-transfection can reduce the off-target activity of co-transfected SpCas9 while retaining its on-target activity.

Conclusion
G8Ps discovered in the current study represent the first anti-CRISPR peptides that can allosterically inactivate CRISPR-Cas9. This finding may provide insights into developing next-generation CRISPR-Cas inhibitors for precision genome engineering.
Biochar-mediated enhanced ethanol fermentation (BMEEF) in Zymomonas mobilis under furfural and acetic acid stress
Authors: Wang Wei-ting , Dai Li-chun , Wu Bo , Qi Bu-fan , Huang Tian-fang , Hu Guo-quan , He Ming-xiong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass generates different types of inhibitors (e.g., furfural and acetic acid), which could remarkably inhibit subsequent ethanol fermentation. Here, biochar as an additive in the fermentation broth was first applied to enhance ethanol production by Z. mobilis wild-type strain ZM4 in the presence of typical inhibitors.

Results
This study showed that the biochar-mediated tolerance to furfural and acetic acid for the strain Z. mobilis ZM4 was the highest reported level, resulting in much higher ethanol productivity under stress conditions than that in non-treated conditions. Further analysis showed that adsorptive detoxification was not the controlling factor for enhanced ethanol production under stress conditions, attributed to its low removal of furfural (< 20%) and incapability of acetic acid removal. When biochar was filtered from the biochar-treated inhibitor-containing broth, it still showed enhanced ethanol production. Furthermore, Z. mobilis immobilized on biochar was also observed. Thus, biochar extracts in the fermentation broth and cell immobilization on biochar might be the controlling factors for enhanced ethanol production under stress conditions.

Conclusions
These results indicate that biochar-mediated enhanced ethanol fermentation (BMEEF) might be a promising strategy for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
Improvement of the catalytic activity and thermostability of a hyperthermostable endoglucanase by optimizing N-glycosylation sites
Authors: Han Chao , Wang Qunqing , Sun Yanxu , Yang Ruirui , Liu Mengyu , Wang Siqi , Liu Yifan , Zhou Lifan , Li Duochuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Endoglucanase has been extensively employed in industrial processes as a key biocatalyst for lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Thermostable endoglucanases with high catalytic activity at elevated temperatures are preferred in industrial use. To improve the activity and thermostability, site-directed mutagenesis was conducted to modify the N-glycosylation sites of the thermostable β-1,4-endoglucanase CTendo45 from Chaetomium thermophilum.

Results
In this study, structure-based rational design was performed based on the modification of N-glycosylation sites in CTendo45. Eight single mutants and one double mutant were constructed and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. When the unique N-glycosylation site of N88 was eliminated, a T90A variant was active, and its specific activity towards CMC-Na and β-d-glucan was increased 1.85- and 1.64-fold, respectively. The mutant R67S with an additional N-glycosylation site of N65 showed a distinct enhancement in catalytic efficiency. Moreover, T90A and R67S were endowed with extraordinary heat endurance after 200 min of incubation at different temperatures ranging from 30 to 90 °C. Likewise, the half-lives (t1/2) indicated that T90A and R67S exhibited improved enzyme thermostability at 80 °C and 90 °C. Notably, the double-mutant T90A/R67S possessed better hydrolysis activity and thermal stability than its single-mutant counterparts and the wild type.

Conclusions
This study provides initial insight into the biochemical function of N-glycosylation in thermostable endoglucanases. Moreover, the design approach to the optimization of N-glycosylation sites presents an effective and feasible strategy to improve enzymatic activity and thermostability.
Feasibility study of on-site solid-state enzyme production by Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Shinkawa Satoru , Mitsuzawa Shigenobu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe development of biorefinery systems that use lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable carbon source to produce fuels and chemicals is attracting increasing attention. The process cost of enzymatic saccharification of biomass is a major challenge for commercialization. To decrease this cost, researchers have proposed on-site solid-state fermentation (SSF). This study investigated the feasibility of usingAspergillus oryzaeas a host microorganism for SSF recombinant enzyme production with ammonia-treated rice straw as model biomass. EightA. oryzaestrains were tested, all of which are used in the food industry. We evaluated the effects of acetic acid, a fermentation inhibitor. We also developed a platform strain for targeted recombinant enzyme production by gene engineering technologies.ResultsThe SSF validation test showed variation in the visibility of mycelium growth and secreted protein in all eightA. oryzaestrains. The strains used to produceshoyuandmisogrew better under test conditions. The ammonia-treated rice straw contained noticeable amounts of acetic acid. This acetic acid enhanced the protein production byA. oryzaein a liquid-state fermentation test. The newly developed platform strain successfully secreted three foreign saccharifying enzymes.ConclusionsA. oryzaeis a promising candidate as a host microorganism for on-site SSF recombinant enzyme production, which bodes well for the future development of a more cost-efficient saccharifying enzyme production system.
Development of a system for efficient content-based retrieval to analyze large volumes of climate data
Authors: Nakagawa Yujin , Onoue Yosuke , Kawahara Shitnaro , Araki Fumiaki , Koyamada Koji , Matsuoka Daisuke , Ishikawa Yoichi , Fujita Mikiko , Sugimoto Shiori , Okada Yasuko , Kawazoe Sho , Watanabe Shingo , Ishii Masayoshi , Mizuta Ryo , Murata Akihiko , Kawase Hiroaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnalyses of large ensemble data on future climate are significantly useful for the probabilistic future projection of climate change in various interdisciplinary fields. However, the data volume of the Database for Policy Decision making for Future climate change or d4PDF, which is a mega-ensemble dataset, exceeds ∼ 3 PB, which is too large to download to local computers. To allow users for retrieve and downloading necessary data, we developed a user-friendly system called “System for Efficient content-based retrieval to Analyze Large volume climate data” (SEAL) under the Social Implementation Program on Climate Change Adaptation Technology (SI-CAT). Conventional web-based retrieval systems allow retrievals using metadata associated with a data file itself. In contrast, SEAL allows the users to retrieve the necessary data by using metadata associated with contents, such as physical values, of a data file. We confirmed that SEAL can reduce data sizes and total time required for obtaining necessary data to less than 0.5% and 1%, respectively, compared to conventional web-based retrieval systems.
Study protocol for evaluating Six Building Blocks for opioid management implementation in primary care practices
Authors: Shoemaker-Hunt Sarah J. , Evans Leigh , Swan Holly , Bacon Olivia , Ike Brooke , Baldwin Laura-Mae , Parchman Michael L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The Six Building Blocks for improving opioid management (6BBs) is a program for improving the management of patients in primary care practices who are on long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain. The 6BBs include building leadership and consensus; aligning policies, patient agreements, and workflows; tracking and monitoring patient care; conducting planned, patient-centered visits; tailoring care for complex patients; and measuring success. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality funded the development of a 6BBs implementation guide: a step-by-step approach for independently implementing the 6BBs in a practice. This mixed-method study seeks to assess practices’ use of the implementation guide to implement the 6BBs and the effectiveness of 6BBs implementation on opioid management processes of care among practices using the implementation guide.

Methods
Data collection is guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, Proctor’s taxonomy of implementation outcomes, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain. A diverse group of health care organizations with primary care clinics across the USA will participate in the study over 15 months. Qualitative data collection will include semi-structured interviews with stakeholders at each organization at two time points, notes from routine check-in calls, and document review. These data will be used to understand practices’ motivation for participation, history with opioid management efforts, barriers and facilitators to implementation, and implementation progress. Quantitative data collection will consist of a provider and staff survey, an implementation milestones assessment, and quarterly opioid prescribing quality measures. These data will supplement our understanding of implementation progress and will allow us to assess changes over time in providers’ opioid prescribing practices, prescribing self-efficacy, challenges to providing guideline-driven care, and practices’ opioid prescribing quality measures. Qualitative data will be coded and analyzed for emergent themes. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and clustered multivariate regression.

Discussion
This study contributes to the knowledge of the implementation and effectiveness of a team-based approach to opioid management in primary care practices. Information gleaned from this study can be used to inform efforts to curtail opioid prescribing and assist primary care practices considering implementing the 6BBs.
Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Colon Cancer With Microsatellite Instability of Sporadic or Familial Origin Treated With Adjuvant FOLFOX With or Without Cetuximab: A Pooled Analysis of the PETACC8 and N0147 Trials
Authors: Zaanan Aziz , Shi Qian , Taieb Julien , Alberts Steven R. , Meyers Jeffrey P. , Smyrk Thomas C. , Julie Catherine , Zawadi Ayman , Tabernero Josep , Mini Enrico , Goldberg Richard M. , Folprecht Gunnar , Van Laethem Jean Luc , Le Malicot Karine , Sargent Daniel J. , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Sinicrope Frank A. 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE The microsatellite instability (MSI) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) phenotype is usually regarded as a single biologic entity, given the absence of comparative analyses regarding prognosis and response to chemotherapy between sporadic and familial dMMR cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage III colon cancers were randomly assigned to FOLFOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) with or without cetuximab in 2 large adjuvant phase III trials (N = 5,577). Among patients with MSI and KRAS exon 2 wild-type (WT) tumors, the prognostic and predictive impacts of sporadic versus familial dMMR cancers and BRAF V600E mutational status were determined. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess disease-free survival (DFS) by treatment arm, adjusting for age, sex, tumor grade, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, pT/pN stage, and primary tumor location. RESULTS Among patients with MSI status with complete data for dMMR mechanism analysis (n = 354), 255 (72%) had sporadic ( BRAF mutation and/or MLH1 methylation) and 99 (28%) had familial tumors ( BRAF WT and unmethylated MLH1 or loss of MSH2/MSH6/PMS2 protein expression). A large proportion of dMMR sporadic tumors were mutated for BRAF (n = 200). In patients treated with FOLFOX, DFS did not differ statistically by dMMR mechanism, whereas in patients treated with FOLFOX plus cetuximab, those with sporadic tumors had worse DFS than those with familial cancers (multivariable hazard ratio, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.02 to 7.08; P = .04). Considering the predictive utility, the interaction between treatment and dMMR mechanism was significant ( P = .03). Furthermore, a nonsignificant trend toward a deleterious effect of adding cetuximab to FOLFOX was observed in patients with BRAF-mutant but not BRAF WT tumors. CONCLUSION The addition of cetuximab to adjuvant FOLFOX was associated with shorter DFS in patients with sporadic dMMR colon cancer. Additional studies are needed to validate these results in metastatic disease.
Mapping the Steroid Response to Major Trauma From Injury to Recovery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Foster Mark A , Taylor Angela E , Hill Neil E , Bentley Conor , Bishop Jon , Gilligan Lorna C , Shaheen Fozia , Bion Julian F , Fallowfield Joanne L , Woods David R , Bancos Irina , Midwinter Mark M , Lord Janet M , Arlt Wiebke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContextSurvival rates after severe injury are improving, but complication rates and outcomes are variable.ObjectiveThis cohort study addressed the lack of longitudinal data on the steroid response to major trauma and during recovery.DesignWe undertook a prospective, observational cohort study from time of injury to 6 months postinjury at a major UK trauma centre and a military rehabilitation unit, studying patients within 24 hours of major trauma (estimated New Injury Severity Score (NISS) &gt; 15).Main outcome measuresWe measured adrenal and gonadal steroids in serum and 24-hour urine by mass spectrometry, assessed muscle loss by ultrasound and nitrogen excretion, and recorded clinical outcomes (ventilator days, length of hospital stay, opioid use, incidence of organ dysfunction, and sepsis); results were analyzed by generalized mixed-effect linear models.FindingsWe screened 996 multiple injured adults, approached 106, and recruited 95 eligible patients; 87 survived. We analyzed all male survivors &lt;50 years not treated with steroids (N = 60; median age 27 [interquartile range 24–31] years; median NISS 34 [29–44]). Urinary nitrogen excretion and muscle loss peaked after 1 and 6 weeks, respectively. Serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreased immediately after trauma and took 2, 4, and more than 6 months, respectively, to recover; opioid treatment delayed dehydroepiandrosterone recovery in a dose-dependent fashion. Androgens and precursors correlated with SOFA score and probability of sepsis.ConclusionThe catabolic response to severe injury was accompanied by acute and sustained androgen suppression. Whether androgen supplementation improves health outcomes after major trauma requires further investigation.
Impact of Circadian Disruption on Female Mice Reproductive Function
Authors: Bahougne Thibault , Kretz Mathilda , Angelopoulou Eleni , Jeandidier Nathalie , Simonneaux Valérie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In female mammals, cycles in reproductive function depend both on the biological clock synchronized to the light/dark cycle and on a balance between the negative and positive feedbacks of estradiol, whose concentration varies during oocyte maturation. In women, studies report that chronodisruptive environments such as shiftwork may impair fertility and gestational success. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of shifted light/dark cycles on both the robustness of the estrous cycles and the timing of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in female mice. When mice were exposed to a single 10-hour phase advance or 10-hour phase delay, the occurrence and timing of the LH surge and estrous cyclicity were recovered at the third estrous cycle. By contrast, when mice were exposed to chronic shifts (successive rotations of 10-hoursour phase advances for 3 days followed by 10-hour phase delays for 4 days), they exhibited a severely impaired reproductive activity. Most mice had no preovulatory LH surge at the beginning of the chronic shifts. Furthermore, the gestational success of mice exposed to chronic shifts was reduced, because the number of pups was 2 times lower in shifted than in control mice. In conclusion, this study reports that exposure of female mice to a single phase shift has minor reproductive effects, whereas exposure to chronically disrupted light/dark cycles markedly impairs the occurrence of the preovulatory LH surge, leading to reduced fertility.
Spatio-temporal control of post-Golgi exocytic trafficking in plants
Authors: Elliott Liam , Moore Ian , Kirchhelle Charlotte 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
A complex and dynamic endomembrane system is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells and underpins the evolution of specialised cell types in multicellular organisms. Endomembrane system function critically depends on the ability of the cell to (1) define compartment and pathway identity, and (2) organise compartments and pathways dynamically in space and time. Eukaryotes possess a complex molecular machinery to control these processes, including small GTPases and their regulators, SNAREs, tethering factors, motor proteins, and cytoskeletal elements. Whereas many of the core components of the eukaryotic endomembrane system are broadly conserved, there have been substantial diversifications within different lineages, possibly reflecting lineage-specific requirements of endomembrane trafficking. This Review focusses on the spatio-temporal regulation of post-Golgi exocytic transport in plants. It highlights recent advances in our understanding of the elaborate network of pathways transporting different cargoes to different domains of the cell surface, and the molecular machinery underpinning them (with a focus on Rab GTPases, their interactors and the cytoskeleton). We primarily focus on transport in the context of growth, but also highlight how these pathways are co-opted during plant immunity responses and at the plant–pathogen interface.
An Animal Trial on the Optimal Time and Intensity of Exercise after Stroke
Authors: Zhang Liying , Yang Xiaofeng , Yin Mingyu , Yang Huaichun , Li Lili , Parashos Alexandra , Alawieh Ali , Feng Wuwei , Zheng Haiqing , Hu Xiquan 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although exercise is a safe, cost-effective, and therapeutic poststroke therapy, the proper time window and dosage of exercise are still unknown. We aim to determine the optimal combination of time window and intensity of exercise by assessing infarct volume, neurological recovery, and underlying mechanisms in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats.

Methods
The study contains two parts: the time-window and the dosage experiments. The time-window experiment assessed the effects of moderate-intensity exercise that was initiated at 24, 48, 72, 96 h and the control. In the dosage experiment, moderate and another two intensity exercise groups (low, high) were assessed. Forced wheel running was the exercise technique used. Infarct volume and neurological function (modified neurological severity scores [mNSS]) were measured. Inflammatory cytokines, cell death, and proliferation were further detected in the ischemic penumbra.

Results
The time window part revealed that neither infarct volume nor mNSS was reduced in the exercise group initiated at 24 h. The other three groups with exercise initiated after 24 h had reduced infarct volume and reduced mNSS but those outcomes do not differ from each other. In the dosage part, the low- and moderate-intensity groups with exercise initiated at 48 h were both better than the high-intensity group in terms of infarct volume and mNSS at 14 d; however, there was no statistical difference between these low and moderate groups. Exercise initiated at 24 h or high-intensity promoted proinflammatory cytokines and cell death.

Conclusions
Exercise at 24 h is harmful. Low- and moderate-intensity exercise initiated at 48 h poststroke appears to be the optimal combination for maximal functional recovery.