bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of alcohol-related trauma: a retrospective analysis of 1997 cases
Authors: Qi Junfang , Lin Qi , Bao Long , Xu Feng , Chen Du 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective

To analyze and summarize the epidemiological characteristics of patients with alcohol-related trauma through a large dataset.
Methods

The medical records of 46338 patients with pre-hospital trauma in 2019 were exported from Suzhou pre-hospital first aid information system. The medical history was matched by regular expression, and the trauma cases including "drinking", "drunk driving" and "alcoholism" were defined as alcohol-related trauma (ART). Statistical analysis was performed from the respects of age distribution, sex composition, injury mechanism, onset time and injury condition.
Results

1997 patients with alcohol-related trauma were screened, including 1791 males, accounting for 89.68%. The age in the male group was older than that in the female group [median (IQR)]: 39 (16) vs. 31 (15), p < 0.001. The top three injury mechanisms were fall down (32%), violence (28.49%) and traffic accidents (24.89%). In terms of time distribution, alcohol-related injuries mostly occurred at from 20:00 to 00:00 and Friday, Saturday and Sunday. The shock risk of violent was significantly higher than that of other types of trauma. Taking traffic accidents as a reference baseline, we calculated the crude OR and the adjusted OR with the adjustment for sex and age, which were 2.57, 95%(1.54–4.30), p < 0.001; 2.39, 95%CI(1.42–4.01), p = 0.001, repspectively.
Conclusion

ART mainly occurs in male population and the average age of male is higher than that of female, and it is more common in falls, violence and traffic accidents, especially from 20:00 to 00:00 at night and on weekends. Violence can more easily lead to shock than other types of trauma, which suggests more serious injury and worse outcome.
Methods for calculating phreatic evaporation on bare grounds on rainy and dry days
Authors: Wang Zhenlong , Xu Yingying , Dong Guoqiang , Lv Haishen , Fan Yue , Wang Yining 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to depict the impact of rainfall on phreatic evaporation, this study analyzes phreatic evaporation and the phreatic evaporation coefficient between surface evaporation and soil depth in Shajiang black soil and Fluyo-aquic soil. We have improved the existing commonly used mathematical framework, established two rainless day phreatic evaporation calculation models, and then calculated the calculation model of the phreatic evaporation reduction on rainy days. Finally, rainy day evaporation calculation models on two soils were proposed. The results show that the evaporation coefficient is affected by both depth and the evaporation ability of the surface water. The evaporation reduction of Shajiang black soil increased with depth and the increasing trend gradually slowed down until it approached zero. The evaporation reduction of the Fluyo-aquic soil phreatic decreased first and then increased with depth, reaching a minimum at 0.4 m. The reduction of phreatic evaporation in both soils decreased with the increase in rainfall level and decreased with the increase in rainfall duration showing ‘inverted S-type’. In summary, the phreatic evaporation composite calculation models on rainy days and rainless days have good fitting and prediction results, which can improve the accuracy of phreatic evaporation calculations.
Physical and economical evaluation of laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor by long-term relative cost–benefit analysis
Authors: Ayub Mariam , Saeed Nadeeha , Chung Shinho , Nawaz Muhammad Saqib , Ghaffour Noreddine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Two laboratory-scale single-stage submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated in parallel to examine the effect of different flux conditions and several fouling mitigation methods. After control operation (filtration only), three fouling control methods (relaxation, standard backwash and chemical backwash) at 27 litres per m2 per hour (LMH) flux and four different flux conditions (54, 36, 27 and 18 LMH) with standard backwash were applied. Physical performance of MBRs was evaluated based on the operational duration to reach maximum transmembrane pressure and the volume of permeate produced during the operational duration. Then relative cost–benefit analysis was carried out. Results showed that the combination of chemical backwash and standard backwash was the most effective for fouling mitigation in terms of physical improvement of MBR performance. However, the combination proved less economical (400% + α relative cost) than standard backwash alone (343% relative cost), because of the additional cost for pumps and chemicals. It also showed that lower flux (18 LMH) is desirable as it showed better physical performance (1,770% improvement as compared to the highest flux, 54 LMH) and proved more economical than higher flux configuration. Therefore, it is concluded that the operation with standard backwash at the lowest possible flux is the best combination to improve MBR performance as well as long-term cost–benefit.
МОРФОМЕТРИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ СТРУКТУРНИХ ЗМІН У ЕНДОТЕЛІОЦИТАХ АРТЕРІЙ ТА ВЕН СІМ'ЯНИКІВ В УМОВАХ ПОСТРЕЗЕКЦІЙНОЇ ПОРТАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ
Authors: Коноваленко С. О. 
Published: July 2020

Резюме. Видалення великих об'ємів печінки може призводити до пострезекційної портальної гіпертензії, венозного застою в органах портальної системи та структурно-функціональних змін у них. Морфологічні зміни у ендотеліоцитах артерій та вен сім'яників при пострезекційній портальній гіпертензії вивчені недостатньо.
Мета дослідження: провести морфометричний аналіз структурних змін у ендотеліоцитах артерій та вен сім'яників в умовах пострезекційної портальної гіпертензії та поліорганної недостатності.
Морфометрично досліджено сім'яники 50 білих щурів-самців, які були розділені на 3 групи. 1 група нараховувала 15 інтактних тварин, 2 – 25 щурів з пострезекційною портальною гіпертензією, 3 – 10 тварин з пострезекційною портальною гіпертензією і поліорганною недостатністю. Пострезекційну портальну гіпертензію моделювали шляхом видалення лівої і правої бокових частин печінки. Евтаназію щурів здійснювали кровопусканням в умовах тіопенталового наркозу через місяць від початку досліду. З сім'яників виготовляли мікропрепарати, на яких морфометрично визначали висоту ендотеліоцитів артерій та вен, діаметр їх ядер, ядерно-цитоплазматичні відношення у цих клітинах, відносні об'єми пошкоджених ендотеліоцитів. Кількісні морфологічні показники обробляли статистично.
Висновки. Отримані дані свідчать, що пострезекційна портальна гіпертензія призводить до порушень клітинного структурного гомеостазу, зростання відносних об'ємів пошкоджених ендотеліоцитів у судинному руслі сім'яників. Виявлені процеси домінують у венозному руслі лівого сім'яника та при поєднанні пострезекційної портальної гіпертензії з поліорганною недостатністю.
КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ЛІКУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ З ХРОНІЧНИМ ГЕМОРОЄМ ТА ГОСТРИМИ ЗАПАЛЬНИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ АНОРЕКТАЛЬНОЇ ЗОНИ
Authors: Соломчак П. В. , Скрипко В. Д. , Горбаль Б. Г. , Мельник І. В. 
Published: July 2020

Резюме. Геморой, гострий парапроктит, анальна тріщина є одними з найчастіших захворювань, що вражають осіб працездатного віку. Комбінація таких захворювань трапляється у 20-25 % пацієнтів. При оперативному лікування хворих з гострими запальними захворюваннями аноректальної ділянки мало уваги звертається на супутню хронічну патологію, що призводить до важчого перебігу основного захворювання та загострення хронічної патології, подовжує тривалість перебування пацієнта в стаціонарі та здорожчує його, саме тому це спонукало нас до вивчення використання венопротекторів у післяопераційному періоді у хворих з комбінованою патологією аноректальної зони.
На клінічному матеріалі (64 пацієнти, які пройшли лікування в хірургічному відділенні Івано-Франківської ЦМКЛ), вивчені особливості прийому венопротекторів у післяопераційному періоді з приводу гострих та хронічних захворювань аноректальної ділянки з метою покращення результатів хірургічного лікування пацієнтів з комбінованою патологією. Досліджувана група: пацієнти з поєднаною патологією, які отримували флавоноїди в ранньому післяопераційному періоді. Контрольна група: пацієнти з поєднаною патологією, яким не призначалися флавоноїди.
Дія венопротекторів (Нормовен) полягає у венотонічній та ангіопротекторній дії, поліпшенні мікроциркуляції у кавернозній тканині анального каналу, зменшенні проникності капілярів, зниженні пошкоджуваної дії медіаторів запалення на гемороїдальні сплетення.
Отримані дані вказують на те, що призначення венопротекторних засобів у пацієнтів з поєднаною патологією хронічного геморою та запальних захворювань аноректальної ділянки є ефективним, обґрунтованим, сприяє зменшенню больових відчуттів та покращує психологічний та фізичний комфорт пацієнтів.
The Roles of Customer's Capital As Human Resource Achieving The Universal Banking
Authors: Hussein Al-Mzwry Hussein Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

The present research aims at the a knowledgement of the role the customer capital as human resource in achieving the universal banking , since the customer is considered the chief concern , and the aria where all banks should focus and the key elements of profitability so , the presnt research attempts energizing and activating the customer capital through four strategices for ( strategy of attracting new gruops of andividuals, strategy of maximizng supporting the customer's comfort , , strategy of financial activity, strategy of keeping the banks liquidity ) to act as a tool that assists the working commercial banks in duhok province achieve the universal bankig in to reality in this sense two hypotheses were made to examine, the effect on the relationship between the customer capital and universal banking accordingly , afield study was a dopted through a questionnaire list that was distributed to sample of manegers and haed of departments working in the banks of duhok province .
the study concluded many results some of which were represented in the following ;
there is a hung concern with customers capital made by those banks managements and also the increasing raise of the universal banking in the banks of duhok province
Relasi Islam dan Budaya Lokal di Kalimantan Timur: Persepsi Tokoh Masyarakat Mengenai Islam Nusantara
Authors: Noorthaibah Noorthaibah , Rozak Abdur - 
Published: July 2020

Islam Nusantara gave rise to many perceptions in the midst of Indonesian Muslim society, both in terminological discourse and practical perception. This study presents the results of qualitative research on Islam Nusantara in the perception of East Kalimantan community leaders from the Regency of Paser Grogot, Kutai Kartanegara, Samarinda City and Berau. In their perception Islam Nusantara is perceived as a catalyst between Islam, nationality, plurality and eternal truth. This was stated in the form of understanding and practice by East Kalimantan community leaders in religious life. In terms of their understanding, Islam Nusantara is perceived as a functional instrument of mutualism between Islam and culture towards productive diversity. While in practice, Islam Nusantara is placed as a foothold or starting point in carrying out da'wah to realize the simplification of human relations and eternal truth
Adaptasi dan Transformasi Lagu Adat dalam Liturgi Gereja Katolik di Manggarai Flores
Authors: Lon Yohanes S , Widyawati Fransiska 
Published: July 2020

Manggarai, a community in Flores, Eastern Indonesia is known for its rich culture of folk songs with unique rhythm and lyrics. There are various types of folk songs for different purposes such as traditional chants, harvest celebrations, lamentation of the dead, war anthems, children songs, and other profane functions. When European missionaries started Catholic evangelization in Manggarai in the beginning of the 20th century, many of these folk songs were prohibited due to their use in rituals deemed idolatry. However, some missionaries saw the potential of folk songs for evangelization and empowered local artists to arrange Catholic liturgical songs based on these traditional songs. Eventually, many folk songs were adapted and transformed into Catholic hymns. This paper explores this irony through socio-historical research to understand the relationship dynamics between the Catholic Church and the Manggaraian culture. This research has discovered that there is a dialectical encounter between Catholicism and the Manggaraian culture which has shaped a unique identity of the Catholic Church in Manggarai
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD OF 3, 4-METHYLENEDIOXY-N-ETHYLAMPHETAMINE IN DRIED BLOOD SPOT USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPEC-TROMETRY
Authors: HARAHAP YAHDIANA , IRAWAN HANZEL , KUSWARDANI  
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate the analytical method to determine 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA) in DBS using GC-MS.
Methods: This research used liquid-liquid micro-extraction for sample preparation and analysis was performed by GC-MS. In the method development, the optimized parameters were flow rate, column temperature, the spot of blood volume, % haematocrit, extraction and reconstitution of solvent volume, and sonication duration. Validation of the chosen method was performed based on EMEA bioanalytical guideline in 2011.
Results: The optimum chromatographic conditions were obtained using HP-5 MS capillary columns (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d; 0.25 μm ); helium with 99.9% purity as a mobile phase; flow rate of 1.0 ml/min; column temperature was 250 °C; MS detection using 4 fragments at m/z values ​​of 72.00 and 44.00 for MDEA and 58.00 and 77.00 for ephedrine HCl as an internal standard. The DBS paper with the volume of blood spot 40 μl was then extracted using liquid-liquid micro-extraction with methanol 700 μl, sonication for 5 min, evaporated with nitrogen gas then reconstituted with 50 μl ethyl acetate. The validation results fulfilled the requirements based on the EMEA bioanalytical guideline in 2011.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the optimum condition of the analytical method by using GC-MS was obtained and fulfilled validation criteria with a range concentration of 15-250 ng/ml.
NEW DOSAGE FORMS FOR THE DELAYED RELEASE OF MESALAZINE TO THE COLON
Authors: SIAMIDI ANGELIKI , VLACHOU MARILENA , EFENTAKIS MANUEL 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of the present work was to develop new solid pharmaceutical delivery systems of mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) for its colon targeted release.
Methods: Four different types of tablets of the same consistency (matrix and three-layered, with 5-ASA and dextran or pectin as excipients) were placed in a hard gelatin capsule. The 5-ASA release behavior from these formulations was compared to the release of the commercially available Asalazin® in three pH aqueous media in the presence of enzymes.
Results: The produced tablet formulations conformed to the Pharmacopoeia standards. The results showed delayed-release (<10%) during the first two hours, in acidic media (pH 1.5), and modified-release thereafter (pH 6 and 7.4). When dextran was used, the drug release showed more extended-release characteristics, in comparison to pectin formulations, due to the formation of a thicker hydrogel.
Conclusion: The new dosage forms could serve as a per os administration alternative dosage form for the delayed release of mesalazine to the colon
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ION ACTIVATED OCULAR IN-SITU GEL FORMULATION FOR BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Authors: KAPOOR ANKITA , GUPTA G. D. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The present research work aims at describing the formulation, optimization and evaluation of ion activated ocular in-situ gel of gatifloxacin for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis so as to overcome patient inconvenience, precorneal drug elimination, variation in efficacy, vision blurring and frequent instillation associated with conventional eye drops and ointments.
Methods: In-situ gel was prepared using gellan gum as an ion activated phase transition polymer and HPMC K100M as release retardant. Gatifloxacin was characterized by spectrophotometry. Crystalline state of the drug was determined using X Ray Diffraction study. The developed formulation exhibited instantaneous gel formation in simulated lacrimal fluid (pH 7.4), which was further evaluated for its rheology, irritancy parameters, in vitro release, trans-corneal permeation and antimicrobial activity.
Results: Gatifloxacin exhibited λmax 286 nm obeying Beer Lambert’s law and pH-dependent solubility at a pH range of 2 to 4. 0.6% gellan gum and 0.4% HPMC K100M were optimized in the formulation which exhibited a viscosity of 55 cps in sol form and 325 cps in gel form with pseudoplastic behavior and prolonged in vitro release. Permeation of formulation was 75.8% in 7 h with log P of drug 0.59. Developed isotonic and non-irritant formulation had a lower apparent permeability coefficient of 8.15 x 10-5 cm/sec as compared to marketed formulation.
Conclusion: A Formulation can be viewed as an efficacious medicine by virtue of its higher zone of inhibition, ability to enhance precorneal residence time and consequently ocular bioavailability with lesser frequency of administration attributed to slow and prolonged diffusion of the drug from the polymeric solutions.
Real-world switch patterns and healthcare costs in biologic-naive psoriasis patients initiating apremilast or biologics
Authors: Wu Jashin J , Pelletier Corey , Ung Brian , Tian Marc , Khilfeh Ibrahim , Curtis Jeffrey R 
Published: July 2020

Aim:
Treatment switching and healthcare costs were compared among biologic-naive psoriasis patients initiating apremilast or biologics with ≥12 months pre-/post-index continuous enrollment in Optum Clinformatics™ Data Mart.
Methods:
After propensity score matching, switch rates (new therapy post-index) and days between index and switch were assessed. Total and per-patient per-month costs by service type were assessed.
Results:
Apremilast initiators (n = 533) were matched and compared with biologic initiators (n = 955). Twelve-month cumulative switch rates and days to switch were similar. Apremilast initiators had significantly lower total healthcare costs than biologic initiators; apremilast switchers and nonswitchers had significantly lower per-patient per-month costs than biologic switchers and nonswitchers, driven mainly by reduced outpatient pharmacy costs.
Conclusion:
Apremilast initiators had lower healthcare costs even with treatment switching.
ANTITHROMBOCYTOPENIA ACTIVITY OF PEANUT SHELL (Arachis hypogea L.) EXTRACT AND INFUSA ON HEPARIN INDUCED BALB/C MICE
Authors: Fithria Risha Fillah , Wulandari Ririn Lispita , Hidayati Devi Nisa , Annisa Pia , Putri Nilam Eka 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Certain group of people empirically use peanut shell stew in the treatment of thrombocytopenia due to dengue fever. The active compounds suspected to play a role in the activity of thrombocytopenia from peanut shell are flavonoids. Flavonoids can be extracted using heat and cold methods. This study aims to determine the antithrombocytopenia activity of peanut shell extract and infusa on heparin induced Balb/C mice. This study is an experimental research with randomized matched pre and postest control group design. Peanut shell extraction was done in a cool way by maseration using 70% ethanol solvent, and hot way by infundation using aquadest solvent. Forty-eight Balb/C mice were divided into 8 groups consisting of control group CMC Na 0.5 mL/20gBW/day, control group aquadest 0,5mL/20gBW/day, 3 groups of peanut shell ethanol extract (0.019, 0.038, and 0.076) g/20gBW/day, and 3 groups of peanut shell infusa (0.026, 0.052; 0.104) g/20gBW/day. All treatments were given orally. The decrease of platelet count in Balb/C mice using 26 UI/20gBW subcutan heparin induction. The measurement of the platelet count is performed by taking blood samples in the lateral veins of the tail. Platelet counts data before and after treatment was tested with dependent T-test. Differences in platelet increases across the groups were tested by 2 way anova and continued with a LSD test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that peanut shell ethanol extract had better antitrombocytopenia activity than peanut shell infusa.
Urgensi Perumusan Perbuatan Memperdagangkan Pengaruh sebagai Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Sembiring Imentari Siin , Sudarti Elly , Najemi Andi 
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the act of trading in influence as a form of corruption as regulated in the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) but has not been implemented into Indonesian criminal law even though it was ratified in 2006. Trading in influence is a form of trilateral relationship of corruption which involves at least three parties, namely an influential party, a party that has the authority, and an interest. This article concludes, the formulation of trading influence as a criminal act of corruption is urgent in three aspects. First, the regulation in national law is a form of transformation of UNCAC provisions that have been ratified. Second, several cases of corruption so far, as in the two cases discussed here, actually show a form of trading in influence, even though law enforcement is imposed with bribery. Third, efforts to impose actors of trading in influence with the bribery Article as so far, are actually limited to actors who are state administrators or civil servants; in the event that the actor is not part of the two, the subjective elements of bribery Article are not fulfilled. Therefore, in the future criminal law policy, it is necessary to accommodate the formulation of trading in influence as a criminal act of corruption, in this case offered through the revision of the Corruption Eradication Act.
Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas perbuatan memperdagangkan pengaruh sebagai salah satu bentuk korupsi sebagaimana diatur dalam United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) namun belum diimplementasikan dalam hukum pidana Indonesia meski telah diratifikasi pada 2006. Memperdagangkan pengaruh sebagai bentuk trilateral relationship merupakan bentuk korupsi yang melibatkan sedikitnya tiga pihak, yaitu pihak yang berpengaruh, pihak yang memiliki kewenangan, serta pihak yang memiliki kepentingan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan, perumusan perbuatan memperdagangkan pengaruh sebagai tindak pidana korupsi urgen dalam tiga hal. Pertama, pengaturannya dalam hukum nasional merupakan bentuk dari transformasi ketentuan UNCAC yang sudah diratifikasi. Kedua, beberapa kasus korupsi selama ini, sebagaimana dalam dua kasus yang dibahas di sini, sebenarnya menunjukkan adanya bentuk memperdagangkan pengaruh, sekalipun pada akhirnya dijerat penegak hukum dengan suap. Ketiga, upaya menjerat pelaku memperdagangkan pengaruh dengan Pasal tentang suap sebagaimana yang selama ini dikenakan, sesungguhnya terbatas pada pelaku yang merupakan penyelenggara negara atau pegawai negeri; dalam hal pelaku bukan bagian dari keduanya maka unsur subjektif dari Pasal suap tidak terpenuhi. Karena itu, dalam kebijakan hukum pidana ke depan, perlu diakomodasi perumusan memperdagangkan pengaruh sebagai tindak pidana korupsi, dalam hal ini didorong melalui revisi Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi.