bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D decreases Porphyromonas gingivalis internalized into macrophages by promoting autophagy
Authors: Niu Li , Chen Shuangshuang , Yang Xue , Ma Chunliang , Pan Chunling , Wang Hongyan , Li Qian , Geng Fengxue , Tang Xiaolin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis paper aims to study the effect of the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) on the internalized Porphyromonas gingivalis in macrophages and to assess the role of autophagy during this process.Materials and methodsQuantitative RT‐PCR and bacteria culture were used to quantify live P. gingivalis internalized into U937‐derived macrophages. Western blot assays were performed to detect the effect of P. gingivalis and calcitriol on autophagy in macrophages. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the effect of calcitriol on the status of internalized P. gingivalis. Colocalization of P. gingivalis with the autophagosome and lysosome markers was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.ResultsCalcitriol caused a dose‐dependent decrease in live P. gingivalis numbers and promoted both the endogenous and P. gingivalis‐induced autophagy in macrophages. Calcitriol significantly promoted the destruction of P. gingivalis and the colocalization of P. gingivalis with autophagosome and lysosome markers. Conversely, with 3‐MA, live P. gingivalis numbers in macrophages increased significantly and inhibition effect of calcitriol on the number of live P. gingivalis was attenuated.ConclusionIn U937‐derived macrophages, calcitriol may promote colocalization of P. gingivalis with autophagosomes and lysosomes, namely autophagy process, to degrade live P. gingivalis.
NovelPGM3compound heterozygous variants with IgE‐related dermatitis, lymphopenia, without syndromic features
Authors: García‐García Ana , Buendia Arellano Monserrat , Deyà‐Martínez Àngela , Lozano Blasco Jaime , Serrano Mercedes , Van Den Rym Ana , García‐Solis Blanca , Esteve‐Solé Ana , Yiyi Luo , Vlagea Alexandru , Solanich Xavier , Fisher Megan R. , Lyons Jonathan J. , de Diego Rebeca Pérez , Alsina Laia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhosphoglucomutase‐3 (PGM3) deficiency is a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) with hyperimmunoglobulin IgE, atopy, and a variable immunological phenotype; most reported patients display dysmorphic features.The aim of the study was to characterize the genotype and phenotype of individuals with newly identified compound heterozygous variants in the phosphate‐binding domain ofPGM3in order to better understand phenotypic differences between these patients and published cases.MethodsWe analyzed PGM3 protein expression, PGM3 enzymatic activity, the presence of other gene variants within the N‐glycosylation pathway, and the clinical and immunological manifestations of two affected siblings.ResultsPatients belonged to a non‐consanguineous family, presenting with atopic dermatitis, elevated levels of IgE, and CD4+lymphopenia (a more severe phenotype was observed in Patient 2), but lacked dysmorphic features or neurocognitive impairment. Compound heterozygousPGM3variants were identified, located in the phosphate‐binding domain of the enzyme. PGM3 expression was comparable to healthy donors, but L‐PHA binding in naïve‐CD4+ cells was decreased. Examination of exome sequence identified the presence of one additional candidate variant of unknown significance (VUS) in the N‐glycosylation pathway in Patient 2: a variant predicted to have moderate‐to‐high impact inALG12.ConclusionsOur analysis revealed that L‐PHA binding is reduced in naïve‐CD4+ cells, which is consistent with decreased residual PGM3 enzymatic activity. Other gene variants in the N‐glycosylation pathway may modify patient phenotypes in PGM3 deficiency. This study expands the clinical criteria for when PGM3 deficiency should be considered among individuals with hyper‐IgE.
A chromosome‐level genome assembly provides insights into ascorbic acid accumulation and fruit softening in guava (Psidium guajava)
Authors: Feng Chen , Feng Chao , Lin Xinggu , Liu Shenghui , Li Yingzhi , Kang Ming 
Published: October 2020

SummaryGuava (Psidium guajava) is an important fleshy‐fruited tree of the Myrtaceae family that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and has attracted considerable attention for the richness of ascorbic acid in its fruits. However, studies on the evolution and genetic breeding potential of guava are hindered by the lack of a reference genome. Here, we present a chromosome‐level genomic assembly of guava using PacBio sequencing and Hi‐C technology. We found that the genome assembly size was 443.8 Mb with a contig N50 of ~15.8 Mb. We annotated a total of 25 601 genes and 193.2 Mb of repetitive sequences for this genome. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that guava has undergone a recent whole‐genome duplication (WGD) event shared by all species in Myrtaceae. In addition, through metabolic analysis, we determined that the L‐galactose pathway plays a major role in ascorbic acid biosynthesis in guava fruits. Moreover, the softening of fruits of guava may result from both starch and cell wall degradation according to analyses of gene expression profiles and positively selected genes. Our data provide a foundational resource to support molecular breeding of guava and represent new insights into the evolution of soft, fleshy fruits in Myrtaceae.
Non‐invasive evaluation of elasticity of skin with the processing of ultrasound images during ultraviolet radiation: An animal photoaging model
Authors: Estaji Mohadese , Mokhtari‐Dizaji Manijhe , Movahedin Mansoureh , Ghaffari Khaligh Sahar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide a non‐invasive imaging method to evaluate the physical and mechanical parameters as a novelty method during skin photoaging.MethodsIn order to evaluate the process of skin damage, 25 mice (C57BL6) were exposed to UVB radiation (0.03 mW/cm2), 5 times a week for 5 weeks. The thickness of the epidermal and dermal layers was measured weekly from the ultrasound images (40 MHz). The elastic parameters of the skin were estimated from the processing of the sequential ultrasound images with the motion detection algorithm during the injury generation process.ResultsThe thickening, Young modulus, and shear modulus of the dermal and epidermal layers during the UVB damage process significantly increased during the 5‐week study period (P < .05). In addition, the percentage of changes in the thickness of the epidermal layer (0.22 ± 0.01 mm in day 0 to 0.37 ± 0.02 mm in day 35) and dermal layer (0.57 ± 0.05 mm in day 0 to 0.90 ± 0.08 mm in day 35) increased by 68% and 57%, respectively. Furthermore, Young modulus (154.41 ± 8.8 kPa) was 11 times more than that of non‐irradiated skin (14.90 ± 2.2 kPa) and the shear modulus (2.33 ± 0.04 kPa) was 2.2 times more than non‐irradiated skin (1.06 ± 0.04 kPa).ConclusionWith processing the sequential ultrasound images and extracting the thickening, the elasticity of the skin layers can detect skin lesions by UVB radiation.
Polyreactive antibodies as potential humoral biomarkers of host resistance to cystic echinococcosis
Authors: García‐Luna Joaquín , Magnone Javier , Miles Sebastián , López‐Santurio Camila , Dematteis Sylvia , Mourglia‐Ettlin Gustavo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolyreactive antibodies (pAb) bind to a broad range of unrelated structures, providing hosts with functional components able to rapidly recognize and protect against different pathogens. However, their roles against helminth parasites are still unexplored. Here, pAb profiles were analysed in cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Levels of anti‐DNP (2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐hapten) antibodies were measured as a surrogate parameter of pAb in different biological settings. Firstly, levels of serum and peritoneal pAb were measured during early experimental secondary CE, using both high (Balb/c) and low (C57Bl/6) susceptible mouse strains. Serum pAb mostly differed in normal mice, being pAb levels of IgG subclasses with poor anti‐parasite activities predominant in Balb/c animals. Conversely, peritoneal pAb isotypes/subclasses with efficient anti‐parasite activities predominated in normal and infected C57Bl/6 mice. Secondly, sera from potentially resistant patients, susceptible individuals and healthy donors were analysed, showing higher pAb levels of the IgA and IgG—particularly IgG1—isotypes in potentially resistant individuals compared to control groups. Finally, since remarkable differences were observed in pAb profiles according to the intrinsic host susceptibility to the infection, we proposed here that pAb might be considered as potential humoral biomarkers for host resistance to CE.
Prediction, structure characterization, and evolutionary analysis of Erwinia psidii putative type III effectors
Authors: Pereira Isadora C. , Badel Jorge L. , Vidigal Pedro M. P. , Sousa Adryelle A. , Santos Samuel A. , Guimarães Lúcio M. S. , Alfenas Acelino C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractErwinia psidii is a gram‐negative bacterium that threatens both guava and eucalypt plantations in several countries. Despite the economic importance of both crops, nothing is currently known about the molecular mechanisms underlying E. psidii pathogenicity and, consequently, how it evolved to infect Eucalyptus species besides its presumed native host Psidium guajava. In this study, we predicted putative type III secretion system effectors that may play important roles during plant–E. psidii interactions and conducted effector structure and phylogenetic analyses to gain important insights into their function and evolution. For that, the whole genomes of four E. psidii strains that exhibit differential aggressiveness towards eucalypt clones were sequenced and their effector repertoires predicted based on sequence identity with known effectors of the model phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora. Only proteins sharing significant sequence identity with the DspE and Eop1 effectors were found. Here, it is shown that these two E. psidii effectors retain all structural characteristics of their corresponding protein superfamilies, but exhibit allelic variations that are consistent with the observed aggressiveness differences between strains. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that whereas E. psidii housekeeping gene sequences are more closely related to those from Erwinia tracheiphila, the effector (either nucleotide or amino acid) sequences are more closely related to their Pantoea agglomerans counterparts, suggesting that dspE and eop1 were both acquired through horizontal gene transfer from the latter bacterial species. The results of this study provide important insights on E. psidii pathogenicity and set the stage for future effector functional studies.
Integrated analysis of miRNA–mRNA interaction in ovaries of Turpan Black Sheep during follicular and luteal phases
Authors: Song Pengyan , Yue Qiaoxian , Fu Qiang , Li Xiangyun , Li Xujing , Zhou Rongyan , Chen Xiaoyong , Tao Chenyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo investigate the regulatory mechanism of the follicular–luteal phase transition in Turpan black sheep (Ovis aries), the genome‐wide expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes were investigated in ovaries of six sheep (3 years and single lamb with 3 consecutive births) during follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen potential miRNAs and genes related to Turpan black sheep ovarian function. RT‐qPCR was used to validate the sequencing results. In total, we identified 139 known and 71 novel miRNAs in the two phases with miRNA‐seq, and a total of 19 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, of which 7 were up‐regulated and 12 were down‐regulated in the follicular phase compared with luteal phase. A total of 150 genes were significantly differentially expressed, including 63 up‐regulated and 87 down‐regulated in the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase by RNA‐seq data analysis. Those DEGs were significantly enriched in 103 GO terms and several KEGG pathways, including metabolic pathway, ovarian steroidogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis and oestrogen signalling pathway. In addition, we created a miRNA–mRNA regulatory network to further elucidate the mechanism of follicular–luteal transition. Finally, we identified key miRNAs and genes including miR‐143, miR‐99a, miR‐150, miR‐27a, miR‐125b, STAR, STAT1, which might play crucial roles in reproductive hormone biosynthesis and follicular development. The miRNA–mRNA interactive network clearly illustrates molecular basis involving in follicular–luteal transition.
Early modern reader management: begin+infinitive as a discourse marker in P. C. Hooft’s Dutch prose
Authors: van de Poppe Cora 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article combines linguistic, rhetorical and material perspectives on early modern reader management in order to investigate how the Dutch historian P. C. Hooft (1581–1647) guided his readers through a new genre: humanist history written in the vernacular. Central to this paper is the linguistic construction begin+infinitive, which is known to have text‐structuring functions in several historical varieties. Study of this construction in historical Dutch, however, is currently lacking. Although the Roman historian Tacitus, Hooft’s classical writing model, largely avoided the begin+infinitive construction, Hooft used it in his translations of Tacitus’s prose and in his own magnum opus, the Nederlandsche Historien (Dutch Histories, first edition 1642). More specifically, Hooft employed the construction as part of his humanist tempo‐changing style, using begin’s durative semantics in combination with rhetorical devices to slow the narrative pace and to alert the reader to an upcoming main event. Such main events were highlighted not only by linguistic and rhetorical guidance but also by material devices, i.e. printed marginalia.
High‐intensity exercise to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in cancer patients and survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lavín‐Pérez Ana Myriam , Collado‐Mateo Daniel , Mayo Xián , Humphreys Liam , Liguori Gary , James Copeland Robert , Del Villar Álvarez Fernando , Jiménez Alfonso 
Published: October 2020

Improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRFit) in cancer patients is crucial to increase survivorship, promote health, and improve quality of life. High‐intensity training (HIT) has the potential to increase CRFit, perhaps better than other exercise modalities, but the extant evidence has yet to be fully explored. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of HIT on CRFit in cancer patients and survivors and to identify the optimal characteristics of the interventions (eg, cancer type, intervention timing, exercise modality, intervention's duration, and the number of minutes of high‐intensity exercise in each session). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A total of 31 articles (2515 participants) were included in the systematic review and 25 in the meta‐analyses. CRFit significantly improved with HIT in comparison with a control group (P < .00001, SMD = 0.44 and a 95% confidence interval from 0.25 to 0.64). The results obtained in the sub‐analysis were statistically significant except the comparison with the active group CRFit (P = .13). The results showed that higher effects could be achieved in: patients starting to exercise before treatment, interventions longer than eight weeks, programs including exclusively cardiovascular training and with a high‐intensity part of session duration of at least 20 minutes.
Towards a theoretical understanding of the selfie: A descriptive review
Authors: Faimau Gabriel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the past 2 decades or so, the triple digital revolution—social network, Internet, and mobile phone—has increased the use and popularity of the “selfie.” Within social sciences, the phenomenon of the selfie has been examined as a new culture that shapes human self‐presentation, social relationships, and social consumptions. This article provides an overview of the most common theoretical approaches that have been used by researchers to understand the phenomenon of the selfie. In particular, the article focuses on the use of the following frameworks: dramaturgic lens, sociosemiotic approach, and dialectical framework. In addition to these approaches, this article also introduces some preliminary ideas relating to the possibility of exploring the selfie through the lens of mediatization theory. This is based on the argument that the selfie phenomenon operates within media logic as it offers symbolic resources, discursive strategies, communicative messages, and performance tactics that shape and transform the presentation of self, social interaction, and social order.
Lost by definition: Why boredom matters for psychology and society
Authors: Westgate Erin C. , Steidle Brianna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong overlooked, boredom has drawn increasing attention across multiple subfields of psychology (including clinical, developmental, educational, cognitive, and industrial/organizational psychology), as well as economics, philosophy, neuroscience, and animal cognition. In this article, we review and integrate this work by providing a social psychological perspective on boredom as an emotion and its role in signaling the need for change to restore successful attention in meaningful activity. In doing so, we discuss the implications of that approach for understanding boredom cross‐culturally and cross‐species, and identify opportunities for targeted interventions to reduce boredom and improve well‐being.
Egocentrism shapes moral judgements
Authors: Bocian Konrad , Baryla Wieslaw , Wojciszke Bogdan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe review past and recent literature on how egocentrism shapes moral judgements. We focus on mechanisms by which egocentric evaluations appear to people as objective, impartial and morally right. We also show that people seem to be unaware of these biases and suggest that understanding how egocentrism impacts moral judgements demands studying morality embedded in a specific social context rather than the social void created in a laboratory. Finally, we argue that egocentric biases in moral judgements are not easily overcome and persist even if people deliberately try to omit attitudes in their judgements or if morally relevant information is present. We conclude that egocentric evaluations triggered by such factors as personal and group interests or attitudes may lay at the core of moral judgements of others because they help maintain a strategic social and personal relationships.
The first report of diagnosing of keratoacanthoma in Chinese Han patients using dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Wang Yifan , Wang Hui , Zheng Liyun , Guo Ze , Fan Xing , Gao Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundKeratoacanthoma (KA) is a special kind of tumor, which is regarded as a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in some academic disciplines. But differentiating KA from SCC remains a diagnostic challenge. The noninvasive techniques dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can provide new insights for diagnosis.ObjectiveTo observe the characteristics of KA under dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), in order to gain experience and reference for clinicians to facilitate earlier diagnosis.MethodsWe collected two cases of KA, which were confirmed by clinical and histopathological examination. The two cases were examined by dermoscopy and RCM, respectively. Then, we collected the microscopic characteristics of KA lesions.ResultsThe dermoscopy features of KA are concentric circles of central crater, keratin mass, keratin scale, and polymorphic vascular pattern. The RCM features are described as refractile crust, atypical honeycomb pattern, dark center cells, large round nucleated cells, dendritic cells, and linear or round vessels traversing dermal papillae in the dermis.ConclusionKA has some specific dermoscopy and RCM features, which can provide a basis for doctors to diagnose and intervene earlier.
Meta‐analysis and mega‐analysis: A simple introduction
Authors: Eisenhauer Joseph G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStatistical methods are increasingly being used to integrate findings from the ever‐expanding universe of empirical research. Meta‐analysis encompasses various techniques for synthesizing summary statistics, and mega‐analysis pools raw data across studies. This paper offers an introduction to meta‐analysis and mega‐analysis that complements the study of analysis of variance (ANOVA). After a brief conceptual discussion, we provide simple numerical examples.
Single‐parent expression drives dynamic gene expression complementation in maize hybrids
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhou Peng , Della Coletta Rafael , Zhang Tifu , Brohammer Alex B. , H. O’Connor Christine , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Lipzen Anna , Daum Chris , Barry Kerrie , de Leon Natalia , Hirsch Cory D. , Buell C. Robin , Kaeppler Shawn M. , Springer Nathan M. , Hirsch Candice N. 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYSingle‐parent expression (SPE) is defined as gene expression in only one of the two parents. SPE can arise from differential expression between parental alleles, termed non‐presence/absence (non‐PAV) SPE, or from the physical absence of a gene in one parent, termed PAV SPE. We used transcriptome data of diverse Zea mays (maize) inbreds and hybrids, including 401 samples from five different tissues, to test for differences between these types of SPE genes. Although commonly observed, SPE is highly genotype and tissue specific. A positive correlation was observed between the genetic distance of the two inbred parents and the number of SPE genes identified. Regulatory analysis showed that PAV SPE and non‐PAV SPE genes are mainly regulated by cis effects, with a small fraction under trans regulation. Polymorphic transposable element insertions in promoter sequences contributed to the high level of cis regulation for PAV SPE and non‐PAV SPE genes. PAV SPE genes were more frequently expressed in hybrids than non‐PAV SPE genes. The expression of parentally silent alleles in hybrids of non‐PAV SPE genes was relatively rare but occurred in most hybrids. Non‐PAV SPE genes with expression of the silent allele in hybrids are more likely to exhibit above high parent expression level than hybrids that do not express the silent allele, leading to non‐additive expression. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the nature of non‐PAV SPE and PAV SPE genes and their roles in gene expression complementation in maize hybrids.