bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power Flow Analysis Based on the Secant Method in the Environment of the Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Huang Chiwei , Lu Ruixiong , Hsu Weitai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
China’s current exploration of the development for the offshore wind resources is three times than for the onshore wind resources. The development and utilization of offshore wind resources have a broad prospect. In this study, a set of simplified asynchronous generators equivalent to a steady-state model applied in bus test systems is established according to the characteristics of offshore wind turbines. The calculation of the Newton-Raphson method in power flow analysis is relatively large to avoid the occurrence of a Jacobian matrix and reduce the calculation time. In this particular use of the idea of the secant method, the differential equation into the algebraic equation significantly reduced the amount of calculation but also overcame the Newton-Raphson method of sensitivity to the initial value problems. The solution of the equation is simplified, and the purpose of solving the equation is achieved more accurately, while the computation time is similar to the PQ decoupling analysis method.
Optimum Design and Control of Marine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Liu Zhong-Shu , Wang Xue-Feng , Feng Xiao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Marine electric propulsion has the advantages of wide range of speed regulation, easy installation and flexible operation’ so it is a high performance propulsion and superior in many respects compared with mechanical propulsion. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has a series of advantages such as fast response speed, strong overload capacity, high power density and high efficiency, so it is very suitable for marine propulsion system. In this paper, a kind of marine permanent magnet synchronous motor was optimized by using Maxwell software. At the same time, the direct torque control technology was simulated by using mathematical modelling. Direct torque control (DTC) is a high performance AC speed regulation technology. As long as the appropriate voltage vector is selected, the system can be controlled to quickly follow the given speed and adapt to the change of torque. The simulation results show the good performance for the marine permanent magnet synchronous motor in this paper so that it can fully meet the requirements in both speed characteristics and torque characteristics.
Adopting a Single Inertial Sensor and Designed Motion to Classify Brunnstrom Stages for Lower Extremities on Post-stroke Patients
Authors: Han Shao-Li , Li Hsin-Ta , Chang Hsien-Po , Pan Min-Chun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of inertial measurement units associated with various algorithms has been proposed and developed to evaluate functional abilities and kinematics for stroke patients. In previous research, complex mathematical models were adopted successfully to clarify and to validate the functional results from different sensors. However, only a few algorithms stemmed from the process of motor recovery after a stroke or the way to administer clinical assessment scales. Based on the recovery process or how to conduct the assessment scales, the algorithmsensor based module is supposed to accurately classify clinical motor recovery status and to provide additional kinematics in stroke survivors. In this study, only one sensor is affixed on the dorsum of the affected foot to reduce the burden on a weak extremity. A special movement while in seated, extend their knee and then dorsiflex their feet, based on the motor recovery process after stroke is proposed and tested to classify Brunnstrom stages for lower extremities. After analyzing 24 participants and adopting suitable threshold values for different Brunnstrom stages, the overall accuracy is 86.8%. The ability to distinguish Brunnstrom stage II from others can even reach a 100% accuracy. The accuracies for distinguishing Brunnstrom stage III, stage IV, and stage V are 86.6%, 94 %, and 92.8%, respectively. We also analyze these misclassified data and investigate why the errors occurred. The results reveal the feasibility of the kinematics-based algorithm even using a single sensor.
Fe3O4/bioactive glass nanostructure: a promising therapeutic platform for osteosarcoma treatment
Authors: Sabouri Z , Labbaf S , Karimzadeh F , Baharlou-Houreh A , McFarlane T V , Esfahani M H Nasr 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An effective strategy of hyperthermia-chemotherapy-regeneration for bone-related cancer treatment is presented. For this purpose, a new approach of magnetic particles (MPs) encapsulated in bioactive glass (BG) structure, with anti-cancer activity, is evaluated. MPs are initially synthesized using a co-precipitation method and then embedded into BG structure through a sol–gel synthesis process. Results confirmed the formation of a crystalline and pure MP structure. MP-BG particles were found to be bioactive by forming a hydroxyapatite layer on their surface. The hyperthermia application of a MP-BG system was also studied. It was found that the particles reach a temperature of 42 °C in an alternating magnetic field. Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used anticancer drug, was loaded in MP-BG. To enhance the loading efficiency, the BG was surface modified to create NH2 groups on the surface. The encapsulation and release of DOX was studied over 48 h. In vitro tests were performed using human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63). The results demonstrated the non-cytotoxic nature of MP and MP-BG tested at various concentrations. DOX release from MP-BG resulted in decreased MG63 viability. Also, fluorescence microscopy visualization confirmed the intracellular uptake of MP-BG particles and the release of DOX. These results indicate that our suggested strategy of combined hyperthermia-chemotherapy-regeneration using MP-BG structure represents a powerful approach in cancer treatment and tissue regeneration.
European multidecadal solar variability badly captured in all centennial reanalyses except CERA20C
Authors: Wohland Jan , Brayshaw David , Bloomfield Hannah , Wild Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Long-term historic climate datasets are valuable tools to investigate climate variability, validate climate models and contextualize anticipated climate change. Surface solar radiation is one particularly relevant variable, with implications on policy decisions (e.g. performance of solar panels) and fundamental questions in climate science (e.g. regarding the energy budget). While all current twentieth century reanalyses provide surface solar radiation, we demonstrate that most of them fail to capture multidecadal surface radiation variability in Europe. To this end, we systematically compare the reanalyses 20CRv2c, 20CRv3, ERA20C and CERA20C and the free model run ERA20CM. We show that only CERA20C captures dimming (1949–1979) and brightening (1979–2009) in line with station observations, satellite-era reanalyses and established theory. The lack of multidecadal surface radiation variability in 20CRv2c/v3 is plausible given the use of constant aerosols. In contrast, ERA20CM, ERA20C and CERA20C are forced with time-varying aerosols. Despite this common forcing, ERA20CM and ERA20C surprisingly show no trends in clear-sky fluxes over the dimming and brightening periods while CERA20C shows significant trends. We discuss different potential explanations for this discrepancy (model versions, ocean coupling and ensemble size) and conclude that none of them provides a convincing explanation. Our results therefore imply that only CERA20C is suitable for assessments of surface solar radiation variability on multi-decadal timescales. This particularly applies to impact studies, for example, on long-term potentials of solar power generation.
Real-time breath analysis of exhaled compounds upon peppermint oil ingestion by secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry: technical aspects
Authors: Gisler Amanda , Lan Jiayi , Singh Kapil Dev , Usemann Jakob , Frey Urs , Zenobi Renato , Sinues Pablo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBreath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) has potential for clinical diagnosis and drug monitoring. However, there is still a lack of benchmarking data that shows the capability of this technique and allows comparability with other breath analysis techniques. In this regard, the goal of this study was the identification of volatile compounds upon ingestion of a specific peppermint oil capsule to get benchmark data for real-time breath analysis with SESI-HRMS. This was done in the framework of a consortium set up by the International Association of Breath Research (IABR), aimed at comparing several analytical instruments for breath analysis.Breath temporal profiles of two subjects were analyzed with SESI-HRMS before and after ingestion of a peppermint oil capsule. The measurements were performed at two different locations using identical SESI-HRMS platforms to allow for comparability and benchmarking. Remarkably, along with the four major compounds (monoterpenes/cineole, menthone, menthofuran and menthol) reported by other members of the consortium, we detected 57 additional features significantly associated (ρ > 0.8) with the peppermint oil capsule, suggesting that this relatively simple intervention might trigger a more complex metabolic cascade than initially expected. This observation was made on both sites. Additional replicate experiments for one of the subjects suggested that a core of 35–40 unique molecules are consistently detected in exhaled breath upon ingestion of the capsule. In addition, we illustrate the analytical capabilities of real-time SESI-HRMS/MS to assist in the identification of unknown compounds. The results outlined herein showcase the performance of SESI-HRMS and enable comparison with other breath analysis techniques. Along with that, they strengthen the potential of this analytical technique for non-invasive drug monitoring and clinical diagnostic purposes.
Microstructure of Ettringite Binder Exposed to Natural Carbonation
Authors: Lam N N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ettringite binder which composes of Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC), Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), and Calcium Sulfate (Anhydrite - CaSO4 or Hemihydrate -CaSO4.0.5H2O or Gypsum - CaSO4.2H2O) is one of the recent cementitious materials The main advantage of this type of binder is the rapid hydration that leads to extremely rapid development of mechanical strength. This feature is obtained by the production of large amount of early ettringite during the hydration process. In this research work, the carbonation process of ettringite phases is analysed and discussed by means of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. The goal of this work was to study the evolution of developed carbonated phases due to the action of CO2 over the AFt phases developed in the CAC/PC/CaSO4 system. After 1 year, the total carbonation depth of the samples stored outdoors is approximately 4 mm and there is no carbonation for the samples stored in endogenous condition. The carbonation process of ettringite gives gypsum, calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide. These phases are detected by both X-ray diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy method.
Analysis of Natural Lighting and Energy Conservation of a University Teaching Building Based on BIM Technology
Authors: Liu Fei , Xiao Xiong , Liu Menglin , Zeng Huilin , Zhang Lili 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper first collected the design drawings of the second teaching building of the College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Sichuan Agricultural University, and used Ecotect Analysis software to conduct 1:1 model of the standard floor of the building. The standard layer light environment is analysed from the aspect of natural lighting. According to the simulation analysis results, the window to ground ratio (independent variable) is raised by layers to increase the area of natural lighting. The overall lighting design of the building before and after optimization was compared, and two Chinese national standards, Standard for Daylighting Design of Buildings and Assessment Standard for Green Building, were used to evaluate the lighting capacity of the building through natural lighting coefficient (dependent variable). The analysis indicates that the building meets the requirements of green design. At the same time, it was found that with the increase of the ratio of window to ground, the average value of the lighting coefficient increased steadily, and the area percentage of the lighting coefficient ≥3.6% also increased, but the increase gradually decreased and tended to be stable.
Impacts of Roof-top Solar Photovoltaic Modules on Building Energy Performance: Case Study of a Residence in HCM City, Vietnam
Authors: Dang H.A. , Nguyen T.K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Vietnam is considered a country with high solar potential and solar irradiation is comparable to most countries in the region. However, high density solar project in areas causes overload state of transmission grid system and some plants wouldn’t operate at full design capacity. Therefore, roof-top solar PV projects in provinces and cities, which have large potential of solar irradiation, are promoted to reduce pressure on power supply. Besides, rooftop solar would be also affordable for home and business owners and communities by helping households halve electricity bills and gain energy efficiency. In this paper, we investigate case study of a residential building in HCM city, Vietnam for analysing impacts of roof-top solar photovoltaic modules on energy performance. The results showed not only the potential photovoltaic power, but also the reduction of roof heat transfer. In consequence, the building cooling load and total energy consumption are significantly reduced thanks to Roof-top PV installation. On the other hand, the reduction of solar incident on the building roof keeps cooling roof surface (outer and inner) and improves thermal comfort of attic space. Our research objective is to quantify indirect benefit of Roof-top PV on energy efficiency and to provide ideas for further researches.
Greening Houses in the Age of Climate Change
Authors: Tan Hoi Huynh , Tan Danh Nguyen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Currently, the atmosphere of some major cities of Vietnam is quite polluted. Once the air protection is improved, the quality of life is also positively changed. In order to have a fresh air environment, the first thing is to increase the absorption of emissions through increasing the green area. However, big cities do not have enough land to grow trees, so planting solutions on the roof or on the wall is the most appropriate choice. Many green buildings in the world are considered as environmentally friendly buildings and create a cool feeling between the summer days of tropical countries. This paper aims to confirm the role of trees in protecting and improving the environment. The mentioned solutions aim to further enhance the importance of nature for the densely populated and polluted areas.
Optimization of Irrigation Design Technique for Pumping Units through Software Simulation Analysis for Varied Landscapes
Authors: Mukherjee P , Das M , Mukherjee B , Das S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This investigation will contribute in the evaluation of pump duty parameters required to design a system comprising of underground pop-up type sprinklers for irrigating turf grass lawn for a proposed site. The study specifically describes the design techniques of irrigation pipeline network of varied zones of landscape areas distant apart operating with minimum pumping units. The entire landscape area is designed with underground pop-up type sprinklers with proper selection spacing over the lawn. A method is proposed comprising of sprinklers, pipes diameters using pipe network simulating software where energy cost can be reduced. The study shows techniques on proper pump selection for landscaping. The labor cost, energy usage and water wastage has been tremendously reduced and optimized. Observations reveal varied pump parameters in that system for varied zones. This method reduces the various pumping units sectioning zones which can satisfy the maximum duty parameters of a single centrifugal pump of the landscape. This manuscript further elaborates on the practical aspects for the design of an efficient system.
Biorefining of Waste Coffee Grounds: Turning an Environmental Problem into an Opportunity
Authors: El Hajjaji Samir , Bouladab Chaima , Chergaoui Sara , Fadli Soukaina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The work presented herein proposes to turn the growing environmental threat posed by coffee waste disposal into an opportunity by proposing a number of valorization routes of waste coffee grounds (WCG) through biorefining. In this process, various steps were studied: drying of WCG on small and medium scales, coffee oil extraction from small to large scale, conversion of coffee oil into biodiesel, and suggestions of designs for the recycling of de-oiled WCG into briquettes. Drying was found to be best performed using an elevated hot air tunnel rather an electric pan or a motorized stirrer. Solvent extraction of coffee oil from dried WCG on a 2000 g scale afforded a 9.2 wt% yield and a solvent recovery yield of 94 vol%. This oil was successfully converted into fatty acid methyl esters biodiesel with a 58% yield. Several original and cost-effective designs were tested, some of which being readily reproducible in most laboratory settings.
Towards Environmental Sustainability: Beliefs and Livelihood Practices of Tagbanuas in Buong Narra Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Acero L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tribes in upland areas serve as environmental stewards of their ancestral domains. The Tagbanuas in Buong Narra Palawan belong to the group of Tagbanuas, inhabiting the central areas in the province of Palawan Philippines. They practice their own culture, and beliefs in their livelihood. This study determine the profile of Tagbanua in terms of; origin and history; physical characteristics and political system. Their beliefs, rituals and agricultural practices that is geared towards environmental sustainability was also evaluated. Descriptive research methods using documentary analysis, observation, community immersion and video interview was employed. Results of the study showed that the Tagbanuas in Buong Narra Palawan strongly believed on the influenced of deities in their livelihood practices. Their means of safeguarding their environment is implied in their day to day activities as; rituals (pagdiwata, runsai, pagbubuwis, paglalambay); performed for good harvest. It also practiced to free from epidemic like cholera, dysentery and flu. The practice rituals in their swidden farm, honey and rattan gathering is also an implication of protecting their environment.
Impacts of Urbanization on the Environment of Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Tan Hoi Huynh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Urbanization has created a premise for industrialization and this process has accelerated urbanization at a faster pace. The fact that the reverse of industrialization along with the urbanization’s downside creates challenges that is not easily overcome. Urbanization in Ho Chi Minh City seems to be faster than the industrialization process and has two-sided effects on socio-economic development. And what makes many people worried is its impact on the environment, the air quality, the water that used to be very fresh. The article focuses on the development of the city and some of its implications, from which to give a few suitable suggestions.
Conceptual Design of a Simple Earthflow Detector for Resident Disaster Prevention
Authors: Chao Fang-Lin , Liu Tzu-Heng , Chou Wen-Chih , Wu Tien-Cheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe earthflow disaster is massive in scale and fast, causing damage to mountain towns and traffic. Field observation instruments developed for the earthflow warning, such as wire rope stress detection, ground sound sensing, and detection of relative motion. Evacuate residents of dangerous areas through broadcast systems and disaster prevention personnel. Residents have no direct access to relevant information, and information lags and incompleteness reduces trust. The design of the simple detector detects the movement of the soil layer with a tilted, areal breakpoint measurement. Cooperate with global data APP to improve the performance of early warning. The inexpensive sensors included positioners, inclinometers, and soil moisture detectors. Combine these data provided a suitable local response and become a medium for self-help and mutual help. The unmanned aerial vehicle take pictures along the preset specific path when triggered providing the first-hand disaster data.
Process Efficiency and Energy Consumption During the Extrusion of Lignocellulosic Materials
Authors: Kupryaniuk K , Oniszczuk T , Combrzyński M , Dach J , Czekała W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lignocellulosic raw material is the main substrate used in agricultural biogas plants. They become usable after proper preliminary treatment, part of which is the extrusion-cooking process. The aim of this work was to determine the efficiency and energy intensity of the process of extrusion-cooking of lignocellulosic materials under varied barothermal treatment conditions. Generally available vegetable raw materials were used for the study: maize bran, maize straw, lignified grass hay, and wheat straw. The extrusion-cooking process was performed with the TS-40 single-screw extruder by Metalchem Gliwice equipped with a plasticizing system of L/D = 12. Four levels of moistening were applied for raw material mixes (20, 25, 30 and 35% of dry matter) and three rotational speeds for the extruder screw (70, 90 and 110 rpm). The level of moistening of the raw material and changes to the extruder screw speed had an appreciable impact on the course of raw material processing. The top process efficiency was recorded for maize bran (50.40 kg h−1) treated at the extruder screw speed of 110 rpm and 30% of the level of moisture, and the lowest (11.22 kg h−1) for grass hay with 20% of the level of moisture and the extruder speed of 70 rpm. The lowest energy intensity indicator (0.093 kWh kg−1) was reported for maize bran processed at the screw speed of 70 rpm and a moisture content of 30%. The highest energy intensity indicator of the extrusion-cooking process, i.e. 0.37 kWh kg−1, was seen in maize straw and wheat straw at a moisture content of 20% and the screw speed of 110 rpm.
A Numerical Simulation-Based Analysis of Heat Transfer Performance for Underground U-Type Heat Exchanger in the Scope of KC05.21/16-20 Project
Authors: Van Hien Ngo , Minh Hoan Trinh , Hiep Le Kieu , Hung Vu Quyet , Gia Diem Pham 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a ground heat source cooling system based on a novel underground heat exchanger is proposed for cooling of a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in the scope of KC05.21/16-20 project entitled “Research, design and manufacture geothermal cooling systems for Base Transceiver Station”. Compared to traditional underground heat exchanger, the perforated borehole tube is used to improve the heat transfer efficiency by favorizing the interaction between ground water flow and hot water flow in U-type tube. Since the heat transfer from the cooling water and the infinity soil, which is impacted by the soil structure and the groundwater accumulated in the void space, is complicated, the analytical computation is not suitable. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of underground U-type heat exchanger was developed to benchmarking the heat transfer efficiency. The influence of flow configurations and of U-type tube length on the heat load and overall thermal resistance were investigated.