bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body weight impact of the sugar‐sweetened beverages tax in Mexican children: A modeling study
Authors: Torres‐Álvarez Rossana , Barrán‐Zubaran Rodrigo , Canto‐Osorio Francisco , Sánchez‐Romero Luz M. , Camacho‐García‐Formentí Dalia , Popkin Barry M. , Rivera Juan A. , Meza Rafael , Barrientos‐Gutiérrez Tonatiuh 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundIn Mexico, a 10% tax to sugar‐sweetened beverages was implemented in 2014. Projections of the potential health effect of this tax in children are not available.ObjectiveTo estimate the 1‐year effect of the tax on the body weight of children 5 to 17 years old, and estimated alternative scenarios with higher tax rates (20%, 30%, and 40%).MethodsWe used a dynamical mathematical model, recalibrated to the Mexican population. Input data were obtained from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 and 2012. We estimated the expected average weight reduction, stratified by category of sugar‐sweetened beverages consumption.ResultsWith a 10% tax, we estimated an overall weight reduction of 0.26 kg for children and 0.61 kg for adolescents; in high consumers, the reduction could reach 0.50 and 0.87 kg, respectively. Higher tax rates would produce larger weight decreases; in high consumers a 40% tax would result in a reduction of 1.99 kg for children and 3.50 kg for adolescents.ConclusionThe tax represents an effective component of any child or adolescent weight control program, and must be considered as part of any integrated population‐level program for children and adolescent obesity prevention.
CNT‐induced TiC toughened Al2O3/Ti composites: Mechanical, electrical, and room‐temperature crack‐healing behaviors
Authors: Shi Shengfang , Cho Sunghun , Goto Tomoyo , Sekino Tohru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study addressed novel multiphase composite of Al2O3/Ti/TiC that exhibited enhanced fracture toughness and room‐temperature crack‐healing function. Al2O3/Ti/TiC composites were fabricated through hot‐press sintering of CNT, TiH2, and Al2O3 mixed powders, where the TiC was in‐situ formed by reaction of CNT and Ti. The effects of CNT (TiC) content on mechanical and electrical properties were studied. Electrochemical anodization process at room temperature was attempted to these composites to heal cracks introduced in the surface of composites. Results indicated that added CNT was invisible while metal Ti and reaction product TiC coexisted in all samples. The reaction between CNT and Ti[O] representing dissolved active oxygen into Ti was considered as the main formation route of TiC. The toughening mechanism was demonstrated as crack deflection and bridging due to the presence of TiC. In spite of the increase in electrical resistivity because of the higher resistivity of TiC than Ti, the present Al2O3/Ti/TiC composites still remain high enough electrical conductivity (8.0 × 10−3 Ωcm ~1.8 × 10−2 Ωcm for 0‐2 vol% CNT addition) which could be regarded as conductors; it allowed to heal cracks in the composites by electrochemical anodization that formed titanium dioxide phase at room temperature. It was found that crack‐healing ability in 1 vol% CNT added composite exhibited higher strength recovery ratio of 95.6% to the crack‐free sample than that of Al2O3/Ti composite (the recovery ratio of 89.6%). After crack‐healing process, mechanical strength of samples increased by 52.3% compared to cracked composites. It was concluded that the formed TiC could contribute to the appropriate electrical conduction as well as interface strengthening in the Al2O3/Ti composites. Furthermore, it was firstly speculated that the TiC could be electrochemically anodized to form an oxide like Ti metal. These characteristics enable Al2O3/Ti/TiC composites as the crack‐healing materials at room temperature.
Country‐specific differences of age stereotypes towards older hospital staff and their association with self‐efficacy, work ability and mental well‐being
Authors: Weber Jeannette , Tzivian Lilian , Müller Andreas , Angerer Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo compare stereotypes towards older workers between hospital staff in Germany and Latvia and to analyse the relationship between those stereotypes and self‐efficacy, subjective work ability and irritation.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsIn 2018, hospital staff, including nurses, physicians and other professions, of two German and three Latvian hospitals were asked to complete the standardized study questionnaire on subjective work ability, occupational self‐efficacy, irritation and stereotypes towards older workers. In the latter scale older workers were defined as ≥45 years of age and the scale ranged from 27–135 whereby higher values reflect higher levels of positive stereotypes. To analyse the relationship between stereotypes and those work‐related outcomes, multiple linear regression models, including interaction terms between stereotypes and age, were built and adjusted for occupational group, sex and country.ResultsData from 300 employees of Latvian and from 113 employees of German hospitals were included in the analyses. Hospital staff in Germany reported higher levels of positive stereotypes (mean = 87.46, SD 10.04) than hospital staff in Latvia (mean = 84.69, SD 10.10; t(411) = −2.496, p = .013). When analysing the entire sample of hospital staff in Germany and Latvia, a more positive view on older workers was associated with higher self‐efficacy (β = 0.136, p = .008) and subjective work ability (β = 0.063, p < .001) and lower levels of irritation (β = −0.191, p = .017). The association with self‐efficacy and subjective work ability increased in strength by participant's age. Country‐stratified analyses yielded similar results.ConclusionThe results provide first evidence that stereotypes towards older workers of hospital staff may differ between different European countries. Furthermore, they suggest that counteracting negative stereotypes towards older workers may help to improve self‐efficacy and subjective work ability and reduce irritation levels of older employees.ImpactThose findings emphasize the importance of age stereotypes when examining and promoting older hospital staffs' self‐efficacy, subjective work ability and irritation in a cross‐national context.
Promoting family integrated early child development (during first 1000 days) in urban slums of India (fine child 3‐3‐1000): Study protocol
Authors: Das Manoja K. , Seth Suresh , Mundeja Nutan , Singh Arun K. , Mukherjee Sharmila B. , Juneja Monica , Khuda Priyanka , Fatima Rifat , Bhatnagar Ayushi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThis project tests a novel, targeted home visitation programme for child development targeted behaviour change during the first 1,000 days for families in Delhi urban slums.BackgroundThe first 1,000 days have highest brain development potential and is dependent on the available nutrition, health, social and cognitive stimulus. Over 1.3 million children are born annually in the slums of India and are at risk of limited development potential. The children in urban slums at multiplicity of adversities at family, society and environmental levels. No tools are available for the community health functionaries to support the families to promote child development.DesignThis cohort study targets provision of behaviour change interventions targeted at three groups (pregnant women, infants and children in year 2) to document the impact on child development.MethodsThis implementation project delivers nutrition, health and child stimulation integrated services for the families through existing government community health workers and nurses. These workers shall train the families using audio‐visual messages in tablets and demonstration kits for practice through quarterly home visits. Data on health, nutrition and child development shall be collected at baseline, midterm and after one year. The data from these participants shall be compared with data from recently delivered women, children aged 13 months and 25 months without intervention to document the impact.DiscussionThe successful implementation of the project has potential for future integration of the child development components into the existing programme at scale. The learning from this project shall be useful for India and other developing countries.ImpactThe first 1,000 days are critical period in human brain development and cognitive function acquisition potential, which is dependent on the available nutrition, health, social and cognitive stimulus. The development potential in children born and living in the slums, who are exposed to various adversities, can be mitigated through appropriate family‐level practices with support from the community health workers and Nurses. This study is documenting the feasibility and impact of home visit linked coaching of families for improving child development status during the first 1,000 days in three sums of Delhi, India.
Exploring the concerns and experiences of parents of children scheduled to receive haematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Liu Ying‐Mei , Wen Yu‐Chuan , Weng Pei‐Yin , Jaing Tang‐Her , Chen Shih‐Hsiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the concerns and experiences of parents of children scheduled to receive allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.DesignA qualitative secondary analysis of interview data from an intervention study.MethodsA total of 28 parents (4 fathers and 24 mothers) were recruited from a children's hospital, which performs approximately one‐third of all paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation cases in Taiwan. Data were collected between September 2015–August 2018 by one researcher with face‐to‐face interviews, which were tape‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis to extract the main themes.ResultsFive themes describing parental concerns prior to paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation were identified: the child became their first priority, seeking solutions, an interweaving of hope and uncertainty, grateful for the chance of a cure and the long road to recovery.ConclusionUnderstanding the concerns and experiences of our participants as they navigated the pre‐transplantation period could reduce parents’ uncertainty and improve the care of their child.ImpactThese experiences provide information that could be used by healthcare professionals to develop support interventions and strategies tailored to the individual needs of each parent, which could prepare parents for their child's haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Tree‐to‐tree interactions slow down Himalayan treeline shifts as inferred from tree spatial patterns
Authors: Sigdel Shalik Ram , Liang Eryuan , Wang Yafeng , Dawadi Binod , Camarero Jesús Julio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe spatial patterns of tree populations reflect multiple ecological processes. However, little is known on whether these patterns mediate responses to climate in marginal tree populations such as those forming alpine tree lines. We examined the influence of tree‐to‐tree interactions on the responsiveness of tree lines to climate warming.LocationCentral Himalayas.TaxonBetula utilis; Abies spectabilis.MethodsWe analysed a network of 17 tree line sites located across the central Himalayas, encompassing a wide longitudinal gradient characterized by increasing precipitation eastwards. We quantified the changes in density and the spatial patterns of three 50‐year age classes of the two main tree species found at the tree line (Betula utilis and Abies spectabilis), and related them to reconstructed shifts in tree line elevation.ResultsYounger trees showed clustering near the tree line, while older trees tended to show random spatial distribution. Clustering decreased as climate conditions ameliorated, that is, in the wetter eastern sites. Lower rate of tree line elevation change was observed at the sites with higher clustering intensity.Main ConclusionsOur study indicates that tree aggregation weakens tree line responsiveness to climate warming, and thus warming‐induced drought stress tends to lower tree line shift rates by enhancing clustering. It also highlights the complexity and contingency of site‐dependent tree line responses to climate. Hence, to advance our understanding of tree line processes, we should consider both direct and indirect influences of relevant biotic (tree‐to‐tree interactions) and abiotic (climate) drivers of tree line dynamics.
In silico analysis of the relation between conventional and high‐power short‐duration RF ablation settings and resulting lesion metrics
Authors: Bourier Felix , Vlachos Konstantinos , Frontera Antonio , Martin Claire A. , Lam Anna , Takigawa Masateru , Kitamura Takeshi , Cheniti Ghassen , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Derval Nicolas , Denis Arnaud , Cochet Hubert , Hocini Mélèze , Sacher Frédéric , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundUse of lesion metric indices is a proposed strategy to support pulmonary vein isolation procedures and these indices show good correlations with lesion sizes. The aim of this in silico study is to provide a detailed analysis of radiofrequency (RF) settings, including high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) settings, and resulting lesion metric indices.Methods and ResultsA software program was designed which simulated virtual RF ablations. Lesion metric indices (Ablation index: AI, Lesion size index: LSI) were calculated based on underlying RF settings (contact force [CF], power, duration). In series of calculations, the applied settings were varied within defined ranges (CF: 1‐80 g, power: 1‐60 W, duration: 1‐60 seconds). Overall, n = 388 000 virtual ablations were calculated. The resulting lesion metric indices were compared with each other and analyzed in relation to respective RF settings. Increasing contact force from 1 to 10 g resulted in a 4.4‐fold LSI value, whilst increasing contact force from 10 to 20g resulted in a 1.5‐fold value (P < .01). When RF power was increased by 10 W, lesion metric indices increased between 1.3‐ and 1.6‐fold. A prolongation of RF duration by 10 seconds resulted in a 1.2‐to‐1.3‐fold increase of lesion metric indices. HPSD RF applications of 50 W, 11 to 13 seconds, and 60 W, 8 to 10 seconds resulted in equivalent lesion metric indices when compared with 30 W, 30 seconds conventional ablations.ConclusionsThe findings support the clinical use of contact forces within a 10 to 20 g range. AI is more sensitive to RF duration, whereas LSI is more sensitive to contact force. HPSD RF settings can successfully be derived from lesion metric indices.
Sirt3 modulates fatty acid oxidation and attenuates cisplatin‐induced AKI in mice
Authors: Li Ming , Li Can‐ming , Ye Zeng‐chun , Huang Jiayan , Li Yin , Lai Weiyan , Peng Hui , Lou Tan‐qi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFatty acid oxidation (FAO) dysfunction is one of the important mechanisms of renal fibrosis. Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) has been confirmed to alleviate acute kidney injury (AKI) by improving mitochondrial function and participate in the regulation of FAO in other disease models. However, it is not clear whether Sirt3 is involved in regulating FAO to improve the prognosis of AKI induced by cisplatin. Here, using a murine model of cisplatin‐induced AKI, we revealed that there were significantly FAO dysfunction and extensive lipid deposition in the mice with AKI. Metabolomics analysis suggested reprogrammed energy metabolism and decreased ATP production. In addition, fatty acid deposition can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce apoptosis. Our data suggested that Sirt3 deletion aggravated FAO dysfunction, resulting in increased apoptosis of kidney tissues and aggravated renal injury. The activation of Sirt3 by honokiol could improve FAO and renal function and reduced fatty acid deposition in wide‐type mice, but not Sirt3‐defective mice. We concluded that Sirt3 may regulate FAO by deacetylating liver kinase B1 and activating AMP‐activated protein kinase. Also, the activation of Sirt3 by honokiol increased ATP production as well as reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation through improving mitochondrial function. Collectively, these results provide new evidence that Sirt3 is protective against AKI. Enhancing Sirt3 to improve FAO may be a potential strategy to prevent kidney injury in the future.
Regenerative abilities of mesenchymal stem cells via acting as an ideal vehicle for subcellular component delivery in acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhao Lingfei , Hu Chenxia , Han Fei , Wang Junni , Chen Jianghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCell‐to‐cell communication and information exchange is one of the most important events in multiple physiological processes, including multicellular organism development, cellular function regulation, external stress response, homeostasis maintenance and tissue regeneration. New findings support the concept that subcellular component delivery may account for the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapy‐mediated protection against acute kidney injury (AKI). Through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), formation of tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) and development of cellular fusions, a broad range of subcellular components, including proteins, nucleic acids (mRNA and miRNA) or even organelles can be transferred from MSCs into injured renal cells, significantly promoting cell survival, favouring tissue repair and accelerating renal recovery. In this review, we outline an extensive and detailed description of the regenerative consequences of subcellular component delivery from MSCs into injured renal cells during AKI, by which the potential mechanism underlying MSC‐based therapies against AKI can be elucidated.
Effects of venlafaxine on the expression level and methylation status of genes involved in oxidative stress in rats exposed to a chronic mild stress
Authors: Wigner Paulina , Synowiec Ewelina , Czarny Piotr , Bijak Michal , Jóźwiak Paweł , Szemraj Janusz , Gruca Piotr , Papp Mariusz , Śliwiński Tomasz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent human and animal studies indicate that oxidative and nitrosative stress may play a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of depression. This study investigates the effect of chronic administration of the serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine, on the expression and methylation status of SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, GPx4, CAT, NOS1 and NOS2 in the brain and blood of rats exposed to a chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression. Separate groups of animals were exposed to CMS for 2 or 7 weeks; the second group received saline or venlafaxine (10 mg/kg/d, IP) for 5 weeks. After completion of both stress conditions and drug administration, the mRNA and protein expression of selected genes and the methylation status of their promoters were measured in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) and in brain structures (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, cortex, basal ganglia) with the use of TaqMan Gene Expression Assay, Western blot and methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting techniques. CMS caused a decrease in sucrose consumption, and this effect was normalized by fluoxetine. In PBMCs, SOD1, SOD2 and NOS2 mRNA expression changed only after venlafaxine administration. In brain, CAT, Gpx1, Gpx4 and NOS1 gene expression changed following CMS or venlafaxine exposure, most prominently in the hippocampus, midbrain and basal ganglia. CMS increased the methylation of the Gpx1 promoter in PBMCs, the second Gpx4 promoter in midbrain and basal ganglia, and SOD1 and SOD2 in hippocampus. The CMS animals treated with venlafaxine displayed a significantly higher CAT level in midbrain and cerebral cortex. CMS caused an elevation of Gpx4 in the hippocampus, which was lowered in cerebral cortex by venlafaxine. The results indicate that CMS and venlafaxine administration affect the methylation of promoters of genes involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress. They also indicate that peripheral and central tissue differ in their response to stress or antidepressant treatments. It is possible that that apart from DNA methylation, a crucial role of expression level of genes may be played by other forms of epigenetic regulation, such as histone modification or microRNA interference.These findings provide strong evidence for thesis that analysis of the level of mRNA and protein expression as well as the status of promoter methylation can help in understanding the pathomechanisms of mental diseases, including depression, and the mechanisms of action of drugs effective in their therapy.
SYNE1‐QK1 SNPs, G × G and G × E interactions on the risk of hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Zheng Peng‐Fei , Yin Rui‐Xing , Liu Chun‐Xiao , Deng Guo‐Xiong , Guan Yao‐Zong , Wei Bi‐Liu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the relationship of 3 spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope protein 1 (SYNE1) and 4 KH domain containing RNA binding (QK1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), their haplotypes, gene‐gene (G × G), gene‐environment (G × E) interactions and hypercholesterolaemia (HCH) and hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) in the Chinese Maonan minority. The genetic make‐up of the SYNE1‐QK1 SNPs in 1932 unrelated subjects (normal, 641; HCH, 649; and HTG, 642) was obtained by next‐generation sequencing technologies. The genotypic frequencies of following SNPs were suggestively distinctive between the control and HCH groups (rs2623963, rs7745725, rs9459317, rs16897566), or between the control and HTG groups (rs2623963, rs1358317, rs7745725, rs1923608, rs16897566 SNPs; P < .05, respectively). Multiple‐locus linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated that the identified SNPs were not inherited independently. Several haplotypes and gene‐gene interaction haplotypes among the detected SNPs may be related with an increased morbidity of HCH (C‐G‐A, C‐G‐G and C‐G‐G‐T‐C‐A‐T) and HTG (C‐G‐G, G‐T‐G‐C, C‐G‐G‐G‐T‐G‐C and C‐G‐G‐T‐C‐A‐T), whereas others may be related with an decreased risk of HCH (G‐A‐A, G‐C‐A‐T, C‐A‐A‐T‐C‐A‐T and G‐A‐A‐G‐C‐A‐T) and HTG (G‐A‐A, G‐C‐A‐T, C‐A‐A‐T‐C‐A‐T and G‐A‐A‐G‐C‐A‐T). The association evaluation based on haplotypes and gene‐gene interactions could improve the power of detecting the risk of dyslipidaemia than anyone of SNP alone. There was significant three‐locus model involving SNP‐SNP, haplotype‐haplotype/environment and G × G interactions (P < .05‐0.001) that were detected by GMDR in HCH and HTG groups. Different interactions between genetic and environmental factors would produce different redundancy or synergy effects on the morbidity of HCH and/or HTG.
Inhibition of LncRNAH19 has the effect of anti‐tumour and enhancing sensitivity to Gefitinib and Chemotherapy in Non‐small‐cell lung cancer in vivo
Authors: Zhou Yaodong , Zhang Yixin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases, which ranked first in both men and women malignancies worldwide. The survival rate of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been limited with distant metastasis and shortage of effective chemotherapeutics in recent years. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies for NSCLC are urgently explored. Here, we showed that inhibition of H19 effectively inhibited the progression of NSCLC. Moreover, down‐regulation of H19 treatment significantly enhanced the levels of PTEN and PDCD4, while suppressed the expressions of NFIB in NSCLC. Furthermore, down‐regulation of H19 combined with Gefitinib treatment significantly increased the levels of PTEN and PDCD4, while decreased the expression levels of NFIB. Moreover, the results showed that Gefitinib treatment significantly reduced the shH19‐mediated miR‐21 expression levels. Our results showed that down‐regulation of H19 combined with Gefitinib administration significantly improved the effect of shH19 treatment alone on the progression of NSCLC, which was involved in the activation of PTEN signalling pathway in NSCLC in vivo. Therefore, these findings might indicate a novel molecular mechanism, which could provide a new potential combination of therapeutic method in NSCLC.