bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of severity index and plasma paraquat concentration for predicting survival after paraquat poisoning
Authors: Cao Zong Xun , Zhao Yong , Gao Jie , Feng Shun Yi , Wu Cheng Pu , Zhai Yan Zhao , Zhang Meng , Nie Shen , Li Yong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background:
Severity index and plasma paraquat (PQ) concentration can predict the prognosis of patients with PQ poisoning. However, the better parameter is yet to be systematically investigated and determined. Thus, we conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic value of severity index and plasma PQ concentration in patients with PQ poisoning.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library to identify all relevant papers that were published up to March 2019. All diagnostic studies that compared severity index and plasma PQ concentration to predict mortality in patients with PQ poisoning were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for individual trials were pooled using a random-effect model. We also aggregated heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis.

Results:
Ultimately, seven studies involving 821 patients were included. The pooled OR with a 95% CI of severity index was 24.12 (95% CI: 9.34–62.34, P < .001), with an area under the curve of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85–0.90), sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74–0.91), and specificity of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75–0.87). Meanwhile, the pooled OR with 95% CI of plasma PQ concentration was 34.39 (95% CI: 14.69–80.56, P < .001), with an area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91–0.96), sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75–0.93), and specificity of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.76–0.95). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the stability of the results of our meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was observed in this meta-analysis.

Conclusion
: Overall, this study indicated that severity index and plasma PQ concentration have relatively high-prognostic value in patients with PQ poisoning, and that the sensitivity and specificity of plasma PQ concentration are superior to those of severity index.
Efficacy and safety of bivalirudin vs heparin in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Liu Xiao-Qiang , Luo Xian-Du , Wu Yan-Qing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background:
This meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods:
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, CBMdisc, and VIP database were searched. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) was selected and the meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.1. The primary efficacy endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and the primary safety endpoint was the incidence of major bleeding. Secondary efficacy endpoints were myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), stent thrombosis (ST), stock, mortality, and thrombocytopenia. The pooled risk ratios (RRs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin vs heparin.

Results:
Seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria, and 16,640 patients were included. We found that bivalirudin associated with lower risk of mortality (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.74–1.49; P = .03; I
2 = 2%), major bleeding (RR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.54–0.75; P < .00001; I
2 = 70%) and thrombocytopenia (RR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.25–0.61; P < .0001; I
2 = 0) compared with heparin. However, the use of bivalirudin increase the risk of MI(RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.10–1.71; P
= .004; I
2 = 25%) and ST(RR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.05–2.47; P = .03; I
2 = 70%) and has similar risk of MACE (RR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.90–1.11; P = .97; I
2 = 16%), TVR (RR = 1.43; 95% CI = 0.92–2.22; P = .11; I
2 = 46%) and stock (RR = 1.43; 95% CI = 0.92–2.22; P = .11; I
2 = 46%) compared with heparin used in STEMI patients.

Conclusion:
Bivalirudin associated with lower risk of mortality, major bleeding and thrombocytopenia compared with heparin. However, the use of bivalirudin increase the risk of MI and ST and has similar risk of MACE, TVR and stock compared with heparin used in STEMI patients.
The association between anterior femoroacetabular impingement and femoral neck fractures
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Fan Huaquan , Wang Xin , Xu Senlin , Yang Liu , Chen Guangxing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The impact between acetabulum and femoral neck is another possible mechanism of femoral neck fracture.
Direct trauma of the greater trochanter may not be able to fully explain the mechanism underlying femoral neck fracture. In this study, we sought to investigate whether anterior femoroacetabular impingement are associated with femoral neck fractures.
A total of 36 patients with femoral neck fracture who had undergone total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty were included in this study. These patients were divided into 2 groups: labrum tear group and normal labrum group. Patients’ age, gender, body mass index, muscle injury, injury pattern, trauma severity, femoral head-neck offset, femoral head-neck ratio, Cam deformity alpha angle, acetabular anteversion, femoral head diameter, acetabular index, cortical index, hip axis length, and neck stem angle were recorded and analyzed. SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical analyses.
According to intraoperative findings, 22 patients exhibited a labrum tear. Magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed bone contusion on the anterolateral margin of the acetabulum with muscle damage surrounding the hip. Among 14 cases without a labrum tear, no bone contusion and obvious muscle injury were found on the anterolateral margin of the acetabulum. Notably, muscle injury, injury pattern, trauma severity and femoral head-neck offset differed significantly (P < .05) between labrum tear and normal labrum groups.
Previous studies have focused more on direct lateral trauma. In this study, the impact between acetabulum and femoral neck is another possible mechanism besides lateral impact. Specifically, the abnormal anatomy of the hip, such as femoral head-neck offset, may promote the fracturing process.
Quality of life of rural poor elderly in Anhui, China
Authors: Rong Jian , Ding Hong , Chen Guimei , Ge Yanhong , Xie Tingting , Meng Nana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study is to explore the quality of life (QoL) of the rural poor elderly in central China (Anhui province) and the influencing factors.
A multi-stage random sampling method was used to extract 3352 effective samples of the rural elderly in Anhui, including 1206 poor and 2146 non-poor elderly subjects. Euro QoL 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) was used for the measurement of QoL. Descriptive statistics and χ
2 test were used to compare and analyze the sociodemographic characteristics and QoL scores between poor and non-poor elderly. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the influencing factors of QoL.
There were significant differences in gender, age, education levels, professions, chronic diseases, physical discomfort within 2 weeks, hospitalization within 1 year, economic sources, and migrant workers between the rural poor and non-poor elderly groups. The QoL of rural poor elderly scored significantly higher than the non-poor elderly, in all these five dimensions. The average EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) of poor elderly was 65.689, lower than the non-poor elderly (71.039). After controlling the confounding factors, there was a significant statistical difference in the total utility score of EQ-5D between the poor and non-poor elderly groups.
The QoL of poor elderly in central China is lower than non-poor elderly, with the worst dimension of pain/discomfort. The QoL of rural poor elderly in this area could be affected by many factors, to which more attention should be paid.
Evaluation of multiple screening methods for cervical cancers in rural areas of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Naizhaer Gulimire , Yuan Jianlin , Mijiti Patima , Aierken Kailibinuer , Abulizi Guzhalinuer , Qiao Youlin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study is to evaluate the screening methods of cervical cancers for rural females in Kash bachu, Xinjiang, China.
A total number of 3000 married females were surveyed, and subjected to the gynecological examination. In these subjects, 1993 females received the careHPV (human papillomavirus) test, while 1007 females underwent the visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI). The subjects positive for careHPV detection were subjected to Cervista, Cobas 4800, and Aptima HPV detection, and Thinprep Cytologic Test (TCT). The subjects positive for 1 detection only received colposcopy cervical biopsy.
A total of 569 subjects received the cervical biopsy, and the positive rate was 2.3% (69/3000), while the detection rate for CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) II and above levels was 1.13% (34/3000). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that, the area under the curve (AUC) value for the careHPV test was 0.671, which was higher than the VIA/VILI (0.619), suggesting higher diagnostic value for the careHPV test. For the Cervista, Cobas 4800, Aptima HPV detection, and TCT methods, the highest AUC value was observed for the TCT method, indicating that the TCT method is the most valuable for the cervical cancer screening.
The diagnostic value of careHPV test is superior to the VIA/VILA detection method. The TCT method has the greatest value for the cervical cancer screening. The Cervista HPV detection method should be considered where the conditions are limited.
Health Care Access and Utilization for Latino Youth in the United States
Authors: Alberto Cinthya K. , Pintor Jessie Kemmick , Martínez-Donate Ana P. , Chen Jie , Ortega Alexander N. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
We sought to determine the associations between maternal citizenship and health care access and utilization for US-born Latino youth and to determine whether maternal distress is a moderator of the associations.

Methods:
Using 2010–2017 Integrated Public Use Microdata Series National Health Interview Survey data, multivariable logistic regressions were run to examine the associations among maternal citizenship and health care access and utilization for US-born Latino youth. Maternal citizenship and distress interactions were tested.

Results:
Noncitizen mothers had higher odds of reporting uninsurance, lack of transportation for delaying care, and lower odds of health care utilization for their youth than citizen mothers. Compared with no distress, moderate and severe distress were positively associated with uninsurance, delayed medical care due to cost, lack of transportation, and having had an emergency department visit for their youth. Moderate distress was positively associated with youth having had a doctor’s office visit. Noncitizen mothers with moderate distress were less likely to report their youth having had an emergency department visit than citizen mothers with moderate distress. Among severely distressed mothers, noncitizen mothers were more likely to report youth uninsurance and delayed care due to lack of transportation compared with citizen mothers.

Conclusions:
Health care access and utilization among US-born Latino youth are influenced by maternal citizenship and distress. Maternal distress moderates the associations among maternal citizenship and youth’s health care access and use. Almost one-third of all US-born youth in the United States are Latino and current federal and state noninclusive immigration policies and anti-Latino immigrant rhetoric may exacerbate health care disparities.
Are dietary fish oil supplements appropriate for dyslipidemia management? A review of the evidence
Authors: Sherratt Samuel C.R. , Lero Michael , Mason R. Preston 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to assess whether dietary fish oil supplements can be appropriate for patients with elevated triglycerides and cardiovascular risk based on a comprehensive analysis of their composition, and level of regulatory oversight.

Recent findings
Approximately 19 million people in the United States take fish oil supplements, many for the purpose of treating or preventing heart disease. Unlike prescription products, fish oil supplements are classified as food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are not required to undergo manufacturing oversight or clinical testing. Analysis of widely used dietary fish oil supplements show that they may have lower amounts of ω-3 than advertised as well as significant levels of saturated fat and oxidized oils which actually may contribute to dyslipidemia. Clinical outcome trials have failed to show a consistent cardiovascular benefit with fish oil supplements and other low-dose mixed ω-3 fatty acids.

Summary
In light of limited regulatory oversight and evidence of quality concerns, dietary fish oil supplements are not an appropriate substitute for FDA approved prescription ω-3 fatty acids for their indicated use in treatment of elevated triglycerides or the prevention of cardiovascular events.
Inborn errors of apolipoprotein A-I metabolism: implications for disease, research and development
Authors: Zanoni Paolo , von Eckardstein Arnold 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
We review current knowledge regarding naturally occurring mutations in the human apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) gene with a focus on their clinical complications as well as their exploitation for the elucidation of structure–function–(disease) relationships and therapy.

Recent findings

Bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in APOA1 cause HDL deficiency and, in the majority of patients, premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and corneal opacities. Heterozygous HDL-cholesterol decreasing mutations in APOA1 were associated with increased risk of ASCVD in several but not all studies. Some missense mutations in APOA1 cause familial amyloidosis. Structure–function-reationships underlying the formation of amyloid as well as the manifestion of amyloidosis in specific tissues are better understood. Lessons may also be learnt from the progress in the treatment of amyloidoses induced by transthyretin variants. Infusion of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) containing apoA-I (Milano) did not cause regression of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries of patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, animal experiments indicate that rHDL with apoA-I (Milano) or apoA-I mimetic peptides may be useful for the treatment of heart failure of inflammatory bowel disease.

Summary
Specific mutations in APOA1 are the cause of premature ASCVD or familial amyloidosis. Synthetic mimetics of apoA-I (mutants) may be useful for the treatment of several diseases beyond ASCVD.
Familial combined hypolipidemia: angiopoietin-like protein-3 deficiency
Authors: Arca Marcello , D’Erasmo Laura , Minicocci Ilenia 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
Angiopoietin-like protein-3 (ANGPTL3) is emerging as a key player in lipoprotein transport with an expanding role on fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Its deficiency is associated with a favorable metabolic profile. The present review will highlight the recent understanding of metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of ANGPTL3 inactivation by considering both genetic and pharmacological investigations.

Recent findings
Experimental studies have further illustrated the complex interplay between ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4–8 in orchestrating lipid transport in different nutritional status. Individuals with familial combined hypolipidemia due to homozygous loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL3 gene showed improved metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during fasting and postprandial state and increased fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, mendelian randomizations studies demonstrated that partial ANGPTL3 deficiency associates with reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events and, eventually, diabetes mellitus. Finally, inactivation of ANGPTL3, using either a specific mAb or antisense oligonucleotide, was reported to reduce plasma levels of atherogenic lipoprotein in humans and improve hepatic fat infiltration in animal models.

Summary
Human and animal studies have further dissected the complex role of ANGPTL3 in the regulation of energy substrate metabolism. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological investigations have convincingly indicated that the inactivation of ANGPTL3 may be a very promising strategy to treat atherogenic metabolic disorders.
Tangier disease: update for 2020
Authors: Hooper Amanda J. , Hegele Robert A. , Burnett John R. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
To appraise recent advances in our knowledge of the severe genetic HDL deficiency disorder, Tangier disease.

Recent findings
While Tangier disease can cause premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), new evidence suggests that heterozygous ABCA1 variant carriers are also at increased risk. Advances have been made in the study of the neurological abnormalities observed in Tangier disease, both in their assessment and the identification of potential new therapies.

Summary
Tangier disease is an extremely rare condition and, as such, the published literature around its range of clinical manifestations, including peripheral neuropathy, premature ASCVD and platelet abnormalities is limited. Patient registries may assist in this regard.
The impact of diabetes in head and neck cancer
Authors: Vilaseca Isabel , Fuster Gemma , Avilés-Jurado Francesc-Xavier 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
A strong association between diabetes mellitus and carcinogenesis has been reported in different organs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the new evidences in relation to diabetes mellitus and its association with the development, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).

Recent findings
Recent publications suggest that glycemic metabolism is altered in HNSCC. Elevated blood glucose levels, before or around the time of diagnosis, have been reported to reduce survival rates in HNSCC. Also, the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance has been independently associated with disease-free survival, suggesting that improving the glycemic control may improve the prognosis in this group of patients.
Epidemiological studies revealed that cancer patients with diabetes mellitus have less cancer-related mortality after antiglycemic treatment, opening the option to include antiglycolytic agents, such as metformin, in the therapeutic plan. This finding is in accordance with in-vitro studies that demonstrated a decrease in tumor-cell proliferation with antidiabetic medications.

Summary
Recent findings highlight the importance of glucose metabolism in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer cells. The knowledge of these altered pathways gives us an opportunity to design target treatments aimed to modulate glucose catabolism.
Total Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Petrucciani Niccolo , Nigri Giuseppe , Giannini Giulia , Sborlini Elena , Antolino Laura , de'Angelis Nicola , Gavriilidis Paschalis , Valente Roberto , Lainas Panagiotis , Dagher Ibrahim , Debs Tarek , Ramacciato Giovanni 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The role of total pancreatectomy (TP) to treat pancreatic carcinoma is still debated. The aims of this study were to systematically review the previous literature and to summarize the indications and results of TP for pancreatic carcinoma. A systematic search was performed to identify all studies published up to November 2018 analyzing the survival of patients undergoing TP for pancreatic carcinoma. Clinical effectiveness was synthetized through a narrative review with full tabulation of results. Six studies published between 2009 and 2016 were retrieved, including 316 patients. The major indication was positive pancreatic margin at frozen section during partial pancreatectomy. The overall morbidity ranged from 36% to 69%, and mortality from 0% to 27%. Overall survival ranged from 52.7% to 67% at 1 year, from 20% to 42% at 3 years of follow-up, whereas the 5-year estimated overall survival ranged from 4.5% to 21.9%. Total pancreatectomy has an important role in the armamentarium of pancreatic surgeons. Postoperative morbidity and mortality are not negligible, but a trend for better postoperative outcomes in recent years is noticed. Mortality related to difficult glycemic control is rare. Long-term survival is comparable with survival after partial pancreatectomy for carcinoma.
Prediction of the Probability of Malignancy in Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Pancreas With Ovarian-Type Stroma
Authors: Ohtsuka Takao , Nakamura Masafumi , Hijioka Susumu , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Unno Michiaki , Tanabe Minoru , Nagakawa Yuichi , Takaori Kyoichi , Hirono Seiko , Gotohda Naoto , Kimura Wataru , Ito Kei , Katanuma Akio , Sano Tsuyoshi , Urata Takahiro , Kita Emiri , Hanada Keiji , Tada Minoru , Aoki Takeshi , Serikawa Masahiro , Okamoto Kojun , Isayama Hiroyuki , Gotoh Yoshitaka , Ishigami Kousei , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Yamao Kenji , Sugiyama Masanori , Okazaki Kazuichi 
Published: February 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to develop a formula for predicting the probability of malignancy of mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the pancreas with ovarian-type stroma.

Methods
A total of 364 patients were enrolled. A total score was calculated as the sum of the approximate integers of the odds ratios of the predictive factors identified by multivariate analysis. The relationship between the total score and pathological results was assessed.

Results
A total of 321 patients had benign MCN and 43 had malignant MCN. Five possible predictive factors were analyzed: 56 years or older, high serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, high carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, tumor size of 51 mm or greater, and the presence of mural nodules. The total score was significantly higher in patients with malignant MCN (median, 24; range, 0–37) compared with benign MCN (median, 5; range, 0–33; P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve was 0.86, and the sensitivity and specificity of the total score for discriminating malignant MCNs were 72% and 83%, respectively, using a cut-off value of 22.

Conclusions
The current simple formula can predict the malignancy of MCN and may thus contribute to the adequate management of patients with MCN.
Predictors of Recurrence and Survival in Patients With Surgically Resected Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Rosenblum Rachel E. , Harris Cynthia K. , Baeg Kiwoon Joshua , Starr Julie A. , Brais Lauren K. , Stashek Kristen M. , Ward Stephen C. , Katona Bryson W. , Clancy Thomas E. , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Kulke Matthew H. , Metz David C. , Kim Michelle Kang , Chan Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2020

Objective
Given the lack of consensus on surveillance guidelines after pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) resection, we assessed outcomes in a large cohort of patients with nonmetastatic, surgically resected PanNETs.

Methods
Data of patients with PanNETs resected between 1990 and 2017 were retrospectively collected using databases at 3 academic institutions. The National Death Index was queried to determine vital status. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates. Variables associated with recurrence and disease-related death were identified through Cox multivariate analyses.

Results
Of 307 patients with PanNET who underwent resection, recurrence occurred in 79 (26%) of patients. For stage I and II disease, 5-year RFS rates were 90% and 43%, whereas 5-year DSS rates were 98% and 86% (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0038, respectively). For grades 1, 2, and 3 disease, 5-year RFS rates were 87%, 49%, and 18%, and 5-year DSS rates were 98%, 89%, and 51% (P < 0.0001 for both). Stage II, grade 2, and grade 3 disease were each associated with increased recurrence and disease-specific death.

Conclusions
Stage and grade are important prognostic factors that should be utilized to tailor postsurgical surveillance after curative resection of PanNET.