bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PIK3CA Mutational Analysis of Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Riccardi Aaliyah , Lemos Carolina , Ramos Ryan , Bellizzi Justin , Parham Kourosh , Brown Taylor C. , Korah Reju , Carling Tobias , Costa‐Guda Jessica , Arnold Andrew 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBenign parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, whereas malignant parathyroid carcinoma is exceedingly rare. Distinguishing parathyroid carcinoma from benign adenoma is often difficult, and may be considerably delayed even after surgical resection until the rigorous diagnostic criteria of local invasion of surrounding tissues and/or distant metastases are fulfilled. Thus, new insights into their respective molecular bases may potentially aid in earlier diagnostic discrimination between the two, as well as informing new directions for treatment. In two recent studies, gain‐of‐function mutations in PIK3CA, a recognized driver oncogene in many human malignancies, have been newly identified in parathyroid carcinoma. To assess the potential specificity for malignant, as opposed to benign parathyroid disease, of PIK3CA hotspot mutations, we PCR‐amplified and Sanger sequenced codons 111, 542/545, and 1047 and the immediate flanking regions in genomic DNA from 391 typical, sporadic parathyroid adenomas. Four parathyroid adenomas (1%) had subclonal, somatic, heterozygous, activating PIK3CA mutations. The rarity of PIK3CA activating mutations in benign parathyroid adenomas suggests that tumorigenic activation of PIK3CA is strongly associated with malignant parathyroid neoplasia. However, it does not appear that such mutations, at least in isolation, can be relied upon for definitive molecular diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Response to Letter: Intrapatient Comparison of the Hepatobiliary Phase of Gd‐BOPTA and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA in the Differentiation of HCA From FNH
Authors: Thomeer Maarten G. , Vanhooymissen Inge J.S.M.L. , Braun Loes M.M. , van Koeverden Sebastiaan , Willemssen Francois E. , De Man Robert A. , Ijzermans Jan N. , Dwarkasing Roy S. 
Published: March 2020

Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1281–1282.
Rapid detection of quality index of postharvest fresh tea leaves using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Wang Yu‐Jie , Li Lu‐Qing , Shen Shan‐Shan , Liu Ying , Ning Jing‐Ming , Zhang Zheng‐Zhu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe quality of fresh tea leaves after harvest determines, to some extent, the quality and price of commercial tea. A fast and accurate method to evaluate the quality of fresh tea leaves is required.RESULTSIn this study, the potential of hyperspectral imaging in the range of 328–1115 nm for the rapid prediction of moisture, total nitrogen, crude fiber contents, and quality index value was investigated. Ninety samples of eight tea‐leaf varieties and two picking standards were tested. Quantitative partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established using a full spectrum, whereas multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed using characteristic wavelengths selected by a successive projections algorithm (SPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling. The results showed that the optimal SPA–MLR models for moisture, total nitrogen, crude fiber contents, and quality index value yielded optimal performance with coefficients of determination for prediction (R2p) of 0.9357, 0.8543, 0.8188, 0.9168; root mean square error of 0.3437, 0.1097, 0.3795, 1.0358; and residual prediction deviation of 4.00, 2.56, 2.31, and 3.51, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that the hyperspectral imaging technique coupled with chemometrics was a promising tool for the rapid and nondestructive measurement of tea‐leaf quality, and had the potential to develop multispectral imaging systems for future online detection of tea‐leaf quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of rootstocks on volatile composition of Merlot wines
Authors: Carrasco‐Quiroz Marioli , Martínez‐Gil Ana María , Gutiérrez‐Gamboa Gastón , Moreno‐Simunovic Yerko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundScion physiology and grape quality are impacted by rootstock choice. There is little available information about the effects of rootstock on wine volatile composition, particularly when comparing grafted with own‐rooted grapevines. This field trial was aimed at studying the influence of rootstock choice on volatile composition of Merlot wines.ResultsWines made from grapes harvested from own‐rooted grapevines had the lowest content of (E)‐3‐hexenol, diethyl succinate and total ethyl esters and the highest content of 1‐pentanol, 1‐hexanol, (Z)‐3‐hexenol, diethyl malate and acetovanillone. Rootstocks such as 99R and 140Ru led to a higher content of total ethyl esters in wines followed by 110R, 1103P and Gravesac. According to odor activity values, Merlot wines were characterized by roses, sweat, cheese and banana aromas.ConclusionsThis work provides valuable information about the potential impact of rootstocks on wine volatile composition for Merlot wines. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling of the elementary gas‐phase reaction during chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide from CH3SiCl3/H2
Authors: Sato Noboru , Funato Yuichi , Fukushima Yasuyuki , Momose Takeshi , Koshi Mitsuo , Shimogaki Yukihiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe established a gas‐phase, elementary reaction model for chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide from methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) and H2, based on the model developed at Iowa State University (ISU). The ISU model did not reproduce our experimental results, decomposition behavior of MTS in the gas phase in an environment with H2. Therefore, we made several modifications to the ISU model. Of the reactions included in existing models, 236 were lacking in the ISU model, and thus were added to the model. In addition, we modified the rate constants of the unimolecular reactions and the recombination reactions, which were treated as a high‐pressure limit in the ISU model, into pressure‐dependent rate expressions based on the previous reports (to yield the ISU+ model), for example, H2(+M) → H + H(+M), but decomposition behavior remained poorly reproducible. To incorporate the pressure dependencies of unimolecular decomposition rate constants, and to increase the accuracies of these constants, we recalculated the rate constants of five unimolecular decomposition reactions of MTS using the Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus method at the CBS‐QB3 level. These chemistries were added to the ISU+ model to yield the UT2014 model. The UT2014 model reproduced overall MTS decomposition. From the results of our model, we confirmed that MTS mainly decomposes into CH3 and SiCl3 at the temperature around 1000°C as reported in the several studies.
Solid‐state fermentation of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) with Aspergillus awamori: Effect on phenolic compounds, mineral content, and their bioavailability
Authors: Dhull Sanju Bala , Punia Sneh , Kidwai Mohammad Kashif , Kaur Maninder , Chawla Prince , Purewal Sukhvinder Singh , Sangwan Monika , Palthania Sunita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms have long been used in the production of a variety of foods, alcoholic beverages, additives, and supplements due to their cost effectiveness and environmental advantages. Solid‐state fermentation (SSF) reproduces the natural microbiological process that can be utilized in a controlled way to produce the desired product. In the present study, modulation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, and mineral content during SSF of three lentil cultivars, namely, HM‐1, LL‐931, and Sapna, were explored. The total phenolic content (TPC) for 6th day Aspergillus‐fermented lentil (AFL) flour increased by 79.2% for cv. HM‐1, 78.8% for cv. LL‐931, and 122.8% for cv. Sapna. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results also showed that SSF not only improved the phenolic content of lentil cultivars but also resulted in the formation of some new phenolic compounds (resorcinol and cinnamic acid). The condensed tannin content, DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) inhibition activity, hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, and total antioxidant capacity of aqueous ethanolic extracts from all AFLs also increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) up to 6th day of fermentation. Mineral content differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05), with AFL extracts exhibiting higher mineral content than their unfermented counterparts. Among different minerals, Cu content of all AFL extracts was the highest with an increase of 46.4% to 60.0% upon fermentation. All minerals showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in their concentrations upon fermentation except for K in which the increase was less than 0.1%. However, in vitro bioavailability of iron and zinc was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in AFL as compared with their unfermented counterparts, with the highest level being observed on the 6th day of fermentation. Thus, biotransformed lentils could be utilized in the preparation of functional foods and novel nutraceuticals for their health‐promoting properties.
Evidence of strong small‐scale population structure in the Antarctic freshwater copepod Boeckella poppei in lakes on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
Authors: Maturana Claudia S. , Segovia Nicolás I. , González‐Wevar Claudio A. , Díaz Angie , Rosenfeld Sebastián , Poulin Elie , Jackson Jennifer A. , Convey Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEnvironmental conditions were particularly severe during the Last Glacial Maximum, altering the distribution of the Southern Hemisphere biota, particularly at higher latitudes. The copepod Boeckella poppei is the only macroscopic continental invertebrate species known to be distributed today across the three main biogeographic regions in Antarctica as well as in southern South America. Signy Island (South Orkney Islands) is a unique location for the study of Antarctic freshwater ecosystems due to its location and geographic isolation; it contains 17 lakes in several low altitude catchments. We conducted phylogeographic and demographic analyses using the cox1 gene on 84 individuals of B. poppei from seven lakes across Signy Island. We recorded low levels of genetic diversity and a strong genetic differentiation signal between the eastern and western valleys within the island. Phylogeographic structure and demographic inference analyses suggested at least one asymmetrical dispersal event from west to east. Demographic inference detected a strong signal of population growth during the deglaciation process, which may have followed either (1) a strong genetic bottleneck due to a reduction in population size during the last glacial period, or (2) a founder effect associated with postglacial recolonization of Signy Island from elsewhere. The genetic architecture of this island's populations of B. poppei shows that historical events, rather than continuous dispersal events, likely played a major role in the species' current distribution. Finally, our study considers possible mechanisms for dispersal and colonization success of the most dominant species in the Antarctic freshwater community.
A hybrid convolutional neural network for super‐resolution reconstruction of MR images
Authors: Zheng Yingjie , Zhen Bowen , Chen Aichi , Qi Fulang , Hao Xiaohan , Qiu Bensheng 
Published: March 2020

PurposeSpatial resolution is an important parameter for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). High‐resolution MR images provide detailed information and benefit subsequent image analysis. However, higher resolution MR images come at the expense of longer scanning time and lower signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). Using algorithms to improve image resolution can mitigate these limitations. Recently, some convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based super‐resolution (SR) algorithms have flourished on MR image reconstruction. However, most algorithms usually adopt deeper network structures to improve the performance.MethodsIn this study, we propose a novel hybrid network (named HybridNet) to improve the quality of SR images by increasing the width of the network. Specifically, the proposed hybrid block combines a multipath structure and variant dense blocks to extract abundant features from low‐resolution images. Furthermore, we fully exploit the hierarchical features from different hybrid blocks to reconstruct high‐quality images.ResultsAll SR algorithms are evaluated using three MR image datasets and the proposed HybridNet outperformed the comparative methods with peak a signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of 42.12 ± 0.92 dB, 38.60 ± 2.46 dB, 35.17 ± 2.96 dB and a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.9949 ± 0.0015, 0.9892 ± 0.0034, 0.9740 ± 0.0064, respectively. Besides, our proposed network can reconstruct high‐quality images on an unseen MR dataset with PSNR of 33.27 ± 1.56 and SSIM of 0.9581 ± 0.0068.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that HybridNet can reconstruct high‐quality SR images from degraded MR images and has good generalization ability. It also can be leveraged to assist the task of image analysis or processing.
Regulation of uterine genes during the peri‐implantation period, and its relationship to the maternal brain in gestating mice
Authors: Behura Susanta K. , Kelleher Andrew M. , Spencer Thomas E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe conducted an integrated analysis of gene expression and chromatin structure of mouse uterus to understand the regulation of uterine‐expressed genes on gestation day 4 (GD4) during the peri‐implantation period. The genes expressed in the uterus showed a significant association (p < .0001) with the presence of the nucleosome‐free region (open chromatin) in the 5′‐untranslated region of the genes. The majority of these upstream open chromatins harbored a common class of regulatory elements known as upstream open reading frames. We also compared the gene expression profiles between the uterus and brain which showed that specific gene pairs were expressed in a correlated manner, either positively or negatively. In addition, specific ligand/receptor genes showed coordinated patterns of expression between the uterus and brain on GD4, and the level of expression of these ligand/receptors altered significantly in the brain during late pregnancy (GD15) compared with the peri‐implantation period (GD4). Collectively, these results suggest that regulation of the uterine genes during the peri‐implantation period is likely to have a functional link with the maternal brain in pregnant mice.
On the use of stabilization techniques in the Cartesian grid finite element method framework for iterative solvers
Authors: Navarro‐Jiménez José Manuel , Nadal Enrique , Tur Manuel , Martínez‐Casas José , Ródenas Juan José 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFictitious domain methods, like the Cartesian grid finite element method (cgFEM), are based on the use of unfitted meshes that must be intersected. This may yield to ill‐conditioned systems of equations since the stiffness associated with a node could be small, thus poorly contributing to the energy of the problem. This issue complicates the use of iterative solvers for large problems. In this work, we present a new stabilization technique that, in the case of cgFEM, preserves the Cartesian structure of the mesh. The formulation consists in penalizing the free movement of those nodes by a smooth extension of the solution from the interior of the domain, through a postprocess of the solution via a displacement recovery technique. The numerical results show an improvement of the condition number and a decrease in the number of iterations of the iterative solver while preserving the problem accuracy.
A remapping scheme for history‐dependent material state variables
Authors: Versino Daniele , Mourad Hashem M. , Luscher Darby J. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryWe present an interpolation scheme for use with material models involving history‐dependent state variables. The interpolation scheme is based on the solution of a constrained optimization problem, to identify the smoothest monotone curve which produces an admissible solution. Unlike classical schemes used for transport equations, the proposed methodology accounts for the interdependence of the history variables and produces admissible interpolations of the material's state variables. After introducing a general solution scheme for the problem, a simplified and more computationally efficient method is derived. Finally, as a validation problem for the proposed methods, we consider the advection of internal state variables belonging to material models with highly nonlinear yield surfaces.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Perioperative Nutrition, Metabolic, and Nonsurgical Support of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Procedures – 2019 Update: Cosponsored by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology, The Obesity Society, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Obesity Medicine Association, and American Society of Anesthesiologists
Authors: Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Apovian Caroline , Brethauer Stacy , Timothy Garvey W. , Joffe Aaron M. , Kim Julie , Kushner Robert F. , Lindquist Richard , Pessah‐Pollack Rachel , Seger Jennifer , Urman Richard D. , Adams Stephanie , Cleek John B. , Correa Riccardo , Figaro M. Kathleen , Flanders Karen , Grams Jayleen , Hurley Daniel L. , Kothari Shanu , Seger Michael V. , Still Christopher D. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe development of these updated clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) was commissioned by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), The Obesity Society (TOS), American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS), Obesity Medicine Association (OMA), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Boards of Directors in adherence with the AACE 2017 protocol for standardized production of CPGs, algorithms, and checklists.MethodsEach recommendation was evaluated and updated based on new evidence from 2013 to the present and subjective factors provided by experts.ResultsNew or updated topics in this CPG include: contextualization in an adiposity‐based chronic disease complications‐centric model, nuance‐based and algorithm/checklist‐assisted clinical decision‐making about procedure selection, novel bariatric procedures, enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery protocols, and logistical concerns (including cost factors) in the current health care arena. There are 85 numbered recommendations that have updated supporting evidence, of which 61 are revised and 12 are new. Noting that there can be multiple recommendation statements within a single numbered recommendation, there are 31 (13%) Grade A, 42 (17%) Grade B, 72 (29%) Grade C, and 101 (41%) Grade D recommendations. There are 858 citations, of which 81 (9.4%) are evidence level (EL) 1 (highest), 562 (65.5%) are EL 2, 72 (8.4%) are EL 3, and 143 (16.7%) are EL 4 (lowest).ConclusionsBariatric procedures remain a safe and effective intervention for higher‐risk patients with obesity. Clinical decision‐making should be evidence based within the context of a chronic disease. A team approach to perioperative care is mandatory, with special attention to nutritional and metabolic issues.
Mental Health in Bariatric Surgery: Selection, Access, and Outcomes
Authors: Morledge Michael D. , Pories Walter J. 
Published: March 2020

Severe obesity has many psychiatric consequences that can be influenced by bariatric surgery. The goal of this article is to review these challenges, including the mental health status of patients with severe obesity, the evaluation of surgical candidates, and the early and late effects of the operations, and to offer some recommendations to manage these challenges. The failure of the insurance‐mandated preoperative psychosocial evaluation is also discussed.
Inverse modeling of laboratory experiment to assess parameter transferability of pesticide environmental fate into outdoor experiments under paddy test systems
Authors: Kondo Kei , Wakasone Yoshiki , Iijima Kazuaki , Ohyama Kazutoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtraction of environmental fate parameters for pesticides by inverse modeling in laboratory experiments has evolved to become a common practice in higher tier exposure modeling. This study focuses on flooded paddy soil conditions using a simple container test system. Four active ingredients of paddy herbicide were tested. The results were parameterized and transferred to analyze the effect of formulation types on the outdoor experimental data via inverse analyses of two structurally‐compatible mathematical models, namely: pesticide concentration in paddy field for laboratory (PCPF‐LR) and PCPF for outdoors (PCPF‐1Rv1.1).ResultsAfter in‐laboratory calibration, the PCPF‐LR model revealed statistically acceptable or ideal simulations of pesticide concentrations in both the aqueous and soil phases (e.g. Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency > 0.7), in addition to determining the apparent sorption from the laboratory data. The extracted persistence indicators (degradation half‐life, DegT50) in the aqueous phase were 1.4–38.7 times higher than those of the dissipation (DT50) due to the exclusion of partitioning and phase transfer processes (diffusion and sorption). In the outdoor experiment, 72% of the outdoor‐calibrated simulations of the PCPF‐1Rv1.1 model, showed statistically acceptable representations of the concentrations in paddy water. Furthermore, the DegT50 as ‘bulk’ degradation in paddy water was statistically insignificant between the formulation types; however, the DT50 demonstrated statistically different results.ConclusionThe laboratory/outdoor data interconnections using proposed modeling approach facilitate the data‐specific model calibration and analysis. These can be useful in the exposure modeling of paddy pesticide by manipulating the parameter uncertainties associated with the experimental constraints. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
System dynamics modeling in health and medicine: a systematic literature review
Authors: Darabi Negar , Hosseinichimeh Niyousha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article reports the first systematic literature review of system dynamics (SD) applications in health and medicine published between 1960 and 2018. We categorize SD contributions into three groups—disease‐related modeling, organizational modeling, and regional health modeling—and explore major trends and approaches. We then focus on disease‐related modeling and discuss (1) common structures underlying models of infectious and noninfectious diseases, (2) major findings and modeling insights, and (3) avenues for future modeling efforts. While application areas cover a wide range of contexts, a considerable level of quality variation is observable, particularly in regards to model documentation, use of data, and model validation. While these shortcomings are not specific to SD modeling—and other schools of modeling often suffer from similar problems—we invite the community to address the issues both as authors and reviewers. Our study provides a reference document for several exemplary SD models, which is especially useful for early career modelers.© 2020 System Dynamics Society