bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Efficiency for Discovering Business Processes Containing Invisible tasks in Non-free Choice
Authors: Sarno Riyanarto , Sungkono Kelly Rossa , Taufiqulsa’di Muhammad , Darmawan Hendra , Fahmi Achmad , Triyana Kuwat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Process discovery helps companies to automatically discover their existing business processes based on the huge, stored event log. The algorithms of process discovery have been developed rapidly to discover several types of relations, i.e., choice relations, non-free choice relations with invisible tasks. Invisible tasks in non-free choice, introduced by α $ method, is a type of relation that combines the non-free choice and the invisible task. α $ proposed rules of ordering relations of two activities for determining invisible tasks in non-free choice. The event log records sequences of activities, so the rules of α $ check the combination of invisible task within non-free choice. The checking processes is time consuming, and results in high computing times of α $. This research proposes Graph-based Invisible Task (GIT) method to discover efficiently invisible tasks in non-free choice. GIT method develops sequences of business activities as graphs and determines rules to discover invisible tasks in non-free choice based on relations of the graphs. The analysis of the graph relations by rules of GIT is more efficient than the iterative process of checking combined activities by α $. This research measures the time efficiency of storing the event log and discovering a process model to evaluate GIT algorithm. Storing a streaming event log in a graph-database has the lowest computing time than storing in other databases, i.e., SQL and MongoDB. Discovering a process model by GIT algorithm has less time complexity than that by α $, wherein GIT obtains O(n3) and α $ obtains O(n4) . In terms of computing time, GIT algorithm is 0.89 faster on batch event log and 0.85 seconds faster on streaming event log than α $. Those results of the evaluation show a significant improvement of GIT method in term of time efficiency.
Consequences of Exposure to Prenatal Famine on Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Survivors of the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983-85): A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Abate Kalkidan Hassen , Abdulahi Misra , Abdulhay Fedlu , Aragie Getachew , Abafogi Mohammed Mecha , Yenuss Mohammed , Hassen Habtamu , Belachew Tefera 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The impact of an adverse prenatal environment such as famine exposure on development of adulthood non communicable chronic illnesses, including diabetes and hypertension has been well articulated in the recent past and supported by evidence. However, there exist a limited number of longitudinal studies on long term consequences of prenatal famine on adulthood kidney function. Hence, we set out to examine whether prenatal exposure to the Ethiopian Great Famine (1983–1985) was associated with changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) during adulthood.Methods: The study was conducted in 219 famine exposed and 222 non exposed cohorts in Raya Kobo district, North Wollo Zone, Northern Ethiopia. Estimated GFR was computed using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (The CKD-EPI) equation. CKD was defined as eGFR= <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Linear and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the independent effect of prenatal famine exposure on eGFR and CKD respectively.Results: The mean (SD) serum creatinine of exposed and non-exposed groups were 0.78 (0.2) and 0.75 (0.2) respectively. The mean (SD) eGFR of exposed groups was 107.95 (27.49) while the non-exposed 114.48 (24.81) ml/min. In linear regression, unadjusted model to examine the association between famine exposure and eGFR resulted in a significant negative beta coefficient (β = -0.124: 95% CI: -11.43, -1.64). Adjusting the exposure for outstanding covariates of kidney health, including systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and blood glucose did not alter the inverse relationship (β = -.114 95% CI:-10.84, -1.17). In binary unadjusted logit model, famine exposure resulted in nearly 2.7 times increased odds of developing CKD (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.16, 6.2). The odds remained equivalent after adjusting for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and BMI (OR= 2.61: 95% CI: 1.120, 6.09).Conclusion: prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine was associated with decreased eGFR and greater risk of CKD among survivors. These findings may imply that famine in early life may play significant role in the development of kidney dysfunction in adulthood.
The Pattern of Road Accidents in Fog and the Related Factors in North of Iran in 2014-2018 ​
Authors: Khodadadi-Hassankiadeh Naema , Rad Enayatollah Homaei , Koohestani Hannaneh Shafei , Kouchakinejad-Eramsadati Leila 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Road fog can form suddenly which necessitates more caution by the researchers as well as drivers due to low vision and related morbidities and mortalities. This study aimed at determining the pattern of accidents in fog and the relationship between driver, road, and accident with injury level in Guilan, Iran from 2014 to 2018. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive-analytical study that investigated all accidents that had occurred in Guilan from 2014 to 2018. All of the data were entered into STATA software. The time-series estimators were used as the multivariate regression model for the presence or absence of any relationship between variables.Results: In fog, the fatality rate of traffic accidents was significantly higher than other climatic conditions (IRR = 1.471). The likelihood of fatalities in fog decreased with age while it increased when drivers were female (p = 0.001). Most of the accidents in fog condition had occurred in December (p=0.000), February (p=0.001) and November (p=0.012). The number of related injuries at 2 AM (p = 0.032), 3 AM (p = 0.019), and 2 PM (p = 0.02) significantly reduced. Moreover, the rate of mortality at 2 AM (p = 0.005), 9 AM (p = 0.012), 11 AM (p = 0.004), 13 PM (p = 0.008) and 19 PM (p = 0.003) were significantly lower. The rate of injuries was significantly higher in Anzali (P = 0.042) and Rasht (P = 0.018), respectively.Conclusion: In the fog, the fatality rate was significantly higher than that of other conditions. The pattern of accidents in fog decreased with age and increased in accidents involving female drivers. Most of the fatal accidents had occurred in fog in November, January and February, respectively. Road accidents in Anzali and Rasht cities were more fatal.
Tunneling current modulation in atomically precise graphene nanoribbon heterojunctions
Authors: Senkovskiy Boris , Nenashev Alexey , Alavi Seyed , Falke Yannic , Hell Martin , Bampoulis Pantelis , Rybkovskiy Dimitry , Usachov Dmitry , Fedorov Alexander , Chernov Alexander , Gebhard Florian , Meerholz Klaus , Hertel Dirk , Arita Masashi , Okuda Taichi , Miyamoto Koji , Shimada Kenya , Fischer Felix , Michely Thomas , Baranovskii Sergei , Lindfors Klas , Szkopek Thomas , Grueneis Alexander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lateral heterojunctions of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) hold promise for applications in nanotechnology, yet their charge transport and most of the spectroscopic properties have not been investigated. Here, we synthesize a monolayer of multiple aligned heterojunctions consisting of quasi-metallic and wide-bandgap GNRs, and report characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy, angle-resolved photoemission, Raman spectroscopy, and charge transport. Comprehensive transport measurements as a function of bias and gate voltages, channel length, and temperature reveal that charge transport is dictated by tunneling through the potential barriers formed by wide-bandgap GNR segments. The current-voltage characteristics are in agreement with calculations of tunneling conductance through asymmetric barriers. We fabricate a GNR heterojunctions based sensor and demonstrate greatly improved sensitivity to adsorbates compared to graphene based sensors. This is achieved via a new concept in sensing, namely the modulation of the tunneling barriers by adsorbates.
Low Birth Weight Trends in OECD Countries, 2000-2015: Economic and Health System Conditionings
Authors: Alonso-Molero Jéssica , Erasun Diego , Gómez-Acebo Inés , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Llorca Javier , Schneider José 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Low birth weight rates are increasing in developed countries. However, little is known of economic or organization factors influencing this increase. This study aims to ascertain the 21st century relationships between the contextual country factors and low birth weight rates.Methods: We analyse trends of low birth weight rates in OECD countries. Data from 2000 to 2015 were obtained from the OECD data base. Their relationships with demographic and economic variables, health habits, woman-related preventive measures, health care system organization and funding, health care work force and obstetric care were analysed using random-effects linear regression.Results: Low birth weight rates are higher in Southern Europe and lower in Northern Europe. Low birth weight rates escalated about 20% in Southern Europe and to less extent in Easter Europe and Asian/Oceanian countries, while remained stable in America, Central Europe and Northern Europe. Investment in health care, private health system coverage, ratios of paediatricians and obstetricians, average length of admission due to pregnancy or birth and Caesarean section rate were associated with higher low birth weight rates. Factors associated with lower low birth weight rates were health care coverage, public health system coverage, hospitals per million inhabitants, and ratios of health care workers, physicians, midwives and nurses.Conclusions: Low birth weight rates are higher and are stepping faster in Southern Europe than in other developed countries. Many factors on health care system organization and funding as well as rations of health care workers were associated with low birth weight rates.
“Since I’m a little bit more mature”: Contraception and the Arc of Time for Women in Midlife
Authors: Alspaugh Amy , Reibel Melody , Im Eun-Ok , Barroso Julie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Birth control methods have rapidly evolved over the past several decades, but little research has explored how women interact with contraception over time. Exploring contraceptive beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes of women in midlife can reveal much about how lived experience affects contraceptive decisions and reproductive health choices. Methods: Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women between the ages of 40 and 55 who had not reached menopause and did not have a permanent method of sterilization. Data were coded using qualitative descriptive methods.Results: Three major themes were identified: 1) journey toward empowerment; 2) finding the right fit: evolution over time; and 3) anticipating a transition. Past experiences with or fear of side effects and hormones were common reasons to change or avoid certain birth control methods. Most participants were happy with their contraceptive method; however, those who were unhappy were more likely to vocalize fatigue at continuing to need contraception as menopause approached.Conclusion: Approaching contraceptive counseling from a place that considers the journey with contraception over a reproductive life span will help identify how beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes of women affect their contraceptive practices and choices.
Cross-platform Profiling of ctDNA&nbsp;Using ddPCR: Standardization of the Liquid Biopsy for Pediatric Diffuse Midline Glioma
Authors: Li Daphne , Bonner Erin R , Wierzbicki Kyle , Panditharatna Eshini , Huang Tina , Lulla Rishi , Mueller Sabine , Koschmann Carl , Nazarian Javad , Saratsis Amanda Muhs 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a highly morbid pediatric brain tumor. Up to 80% of DMGs harbor mutations in histone H3-encoding genes, associated with poorer prognosis. We previously showed the feasibility of detecting H3 mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the liquid biome of children diagnosed with DMG. However, detection of low ctDNA concentrations is highly dependent on platform sensitivity and sample type. To address this, we optimized ctDNA detection sensitivity and specificity across two commonly used digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) platforms (RainDance and BioRad), and validated methods for detecting H3F3A mutations in DMG CSF, plasma, and primary tumor specimens across three different institutions. Methods DNA was extracted from H3.3K27M mutant and H3 wildtype (H3WT) specimens, including H3.3K27M tumor tissue (n=4), CSF (n=6), plasma (n=4), and human primary pediatric glioma cells (H3.3K27M, n=2; H3WT, n=1). ctDNA detection was enhanced via PCR pre-amplification and use of distinct custom primers and fluorescent LNA probes for c.83 AàT H3F3A mutation detection. Mutation allelic frequency (MAF) was determined and validated through parallel analysis of matched H3.3K27M tissue specimens (n=3). Results We determined technical nuances between ddPCR instruments, and optimized sample preparation and sequencing protocols for H3F3A mutation detection and quantification. We observed 100% sensitivity and specificity for mutation detection in matched DMG tissue and CSF across assays, platforms and institutionsConclusion Our study demonstrates that ctDNA is reliably and reproducibly detected in ctDNA using ddPCR, representing a clinically feasible and reproducible minimally invasive approach for DMG diagnosis, molecular subtyping and therapeutic monitoring.
Circular RNA circFADS2 is Overexpressed in Sepsis and Suppresses LPS-Induced Lung Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Maturation of miR-15a-5p
Authors: Hong Xiaoyang , Li Shuanglei , Wang Jie , Zhao Zhe , Feng Zhichun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Circular RNA circFADS2 plays protective roles in LPS-induced inflammation, which promotes sepsis, suggesting its involvement of circFADS2 in sepsis. We then analysis the involvement of circFADS2 in LOS Expression of circFADS2, mature miR-15a-5p and miR-15a-5p precursor in plasma samples (collected at two time points) from sepsis patients (n=60) and healthy controls (n=60) was determined by RT-qPCR. The expression vector of circFADS2 was transfected in lung cells, followed by the measurement of the expression levels of mature miR-15a-5p and miR-15a-5p precursor to study the role of circFADS2 in the maturation of miR-15a-5p. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by cell apoptosis assay.CircFADS2 was upregulated in sepsis and inversely correlated with mature miR-15a-5p, but not miR-15a-5p precursor. In lung cells, overexpression of circFADS2` decreased the levels of mature miR-15a-5p expression, but not miR-15a-5p precursor. LPS treatment decreased the expression levels of miR-15a-5p, and increased the expression levels of circFADS2. Cell apoptosis analysis showed that circFADS2 overexpression reduced the enhancing effects of miR-15a-5p overexpression on the apoptosis of lung cells induced by LPS.Therefore, circFADS2 is upregulated in sepsis and suppresses LPS-induced lung cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of miR‑15a‑5p.
Complementary Local and Nonlocal Measurements of Conjugate Transformation - Unified Logic Representation of Conjugate 0-1 Vectors
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bohr proposed the complementarity principle in 1927 as the foundation of quantum mechanics, since then relevant debates have been critically discussed for many years. Applying a pair of spin particles, Einstein proposed the EPR paradox in 1935. Using nonlocal potential properties, Aharonov and Bohm proposed the AB effect to test complementary measurement results. Under locality conditions, Bell established a Bell inequality under classical logic. Using a pair of particles and double sets of ZMI devices for complementarity measurements, Hardy proposed the Hardy paradox in 1992. During the past 50 years, locality and nonlocality tests on complementarity were hot-topics among the advanced quantum information, computing and measurement directions with various theoretical extensions and solid experimental results.These complementarity approaches separated local/nonlocal parameters to form different equations without an integrated logic framework to describe these equations including both local and nonlocal features consistently. The main results provide a series of paradoxes that conflict with each other. This paper uses conjugate transformation. Based on the m+1 kernel form of 0-1 states, n pairs of conjugate partitions were established. Under a given configuration in N bits, a set of 2n 0-1 feature vectors are applied to construct conjugate transformation operators in logic levels with intrinsic measurements to be a set of measurement operators.The key results of the paper are listed in Theorem 5. Two special functions of vector logic (CNF or DNF expression) and four equivalent expressions of the elementary equation are examples to show local and nonlocal variables in equations consistently. Applying two pairs of conjugate sets <A, B> and their complementary sets <A', B''>, 4 meta measures are established corresponding to <±aA;±bB> quantitative features under measurement operators. The main results of the paper are represented in Lemma (1-4), Theorem (1-5) and Corollary (1-7). From a vector logic viewpoint, conjugate complementary scheme can organize local and nonlocal variables to satisfy the comprehensive properties of modern logic constructions on completeness, non-conflict and consistence in a united logic framework.
Artificial intelligence in cyber physical systems
Authors: Radanliev Petar , De Roure David , Kleek Max Van , Santos Omar , Ani Uchenna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article conducts a literature review of current and future challenges in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in cyber physical systems. The literature review is focused on identifying a conceptual framework for increasing resilience with AI through automation supporting both, a technical and human level. The methodology applied resembled a literature review and taxonomic analysis of complex internet of things (IoT) interconnected and coupled cyber physical systems. There is an increased attention on propositions on models, infrastructures and frameworks of IoT in both academic and technical papers. These reports and publications frequently represent a juxtaposition of other related systems and technologies (e.g. Industrial Internet of Things, Cyber Physical Systems, Industry 4.0 etc). We review academic and industry papers published between 2010 and 2020. The results determine a new hierarchical cascading conceptual framework for analysing the evolution of AI decision-making in cyber physical systems. We argue that such evolution is inevitable and autonomous because of the increased integration of connected devices (IoT) in cyber physical systems. To support this argument, taxonomic methodology is adapted and applied for transparency and justifications of concepts selection decisions through building summary maps that are applied for designing the hierarchical cascading conceptual framework.
Effect of Poverty on Real Exchange Rate in Developing Countries
Authors: GNANGNON SENA KIMM 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A strand of the literature has shown that a depreciation of the real exchange rate contributes to poverty reduction. The current paper considers the issue in the other way around, by investigating whether poverty matters for the dynamics of real exchange rate. The analysis has been performed using a panel dataset of 106 countries over the period 1980-2017, and relied on the two-step system Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM). The findings are quite interesting. A rise in the level of poverty is associated with an appreciation of the real exchange rate over the full sample. However, countries with a high real per capita income experience a real exchange rate depreciation effect of poverty, while for countries with a relatively low real per capita income (such as poor countries), poverty is associated with an appreciation of the real exchange rate. Furthermore, poverty exerts an appreciation of the real exchange rate in countries with a low degree of trade openness (including trade policy liberalization), a low level of workers' productivity, and a high degree of export product concentration.
Association between Anthropometric indices and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Women with Primary Infertility
Authors: Antwi Ernest Opoku , Baah Vivian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiometabolic risk factors are commonly associated with women with infertility. The study evaluated the association between anthropometric indices and cardiometabolic risk factors in women with primary infertility. Methods: Two-hundred and sixteen (216) women with primary infertility underwent simple anthropometric measurement including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI) and abdominal volume index (AVI). Blood pressure was assessed using an automated BP monitor and fasting blood samples were collected. Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associations Results: The mean age of the study participants was 30.3 years and the median duration of infertility was 3.0 (2.0-4.0 interquartile range). The prevalence of hypertension was 22.2%. Metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia were presents among 23.1%, 32.4%, and 48.1%, respectively. BMI (between 25.8Kg/m2 and 28.0 Kg/m2), strongly predicted hyperglycemia, MetS, and dyslipidemia. Additionally, the range of optimal cut-off values of central obesity indices including WC (84.0cm to 90.0 cm), WHR (0.85-0.89 cm/cm), WHtR (0.52-0.61 cm/cm) and AVI (14.3 to 16.5) better predicted hyperglycaemia, MetS and dyslipidaemia. Only BMI and BAI were significant predictors of hypertension. Conclusion: Cardiometabolic risk factors including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and MetS are high among women with primary infertility. BMI proved superior in predicting cardiometabolic risk factors among primary infertile women.
Is the press properly presenting the epidemiological data on COVID-19? An analysis of newspapers from 25 countries.
Authors: Hammes Luciano Serpa , Rossi Arthur Proença , Pedrotti Luana Giongo , Pitrez Paulo Márcio , Mutlaq Mohamed Parrini , Rosa Regis Goulart 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess how newspapers from 25 countries are comparing and presenting COVID-19 epidemiological data to their readers. Of 75 newspapers evaluated, 51(68%) presented at their websites at least one comparison of cases and/or deaths between regions of their country and/or between countries. Quality assessment of the comparisons showed that only a minority of newspapers adjusted the data for population size in case comparisons between regions (37,2%) and between countries (25,6%), and the same was true for death comparisons between regions (27,3%) and between countries (27%). Of those making comparisons, only 13,7% explained the difference in the interpretation of cases and deaths. Of 17 that presented a logarithmic curve, only 29,4% explained its meaning. Although the press plays a key role in conveying correct medical information to the general public, researchers and journalists need to work more closely together to provide more accurate information.