bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schuldfähigkeit bei Personen, die wegen Nutzung von Missbrauchsabbildungen angeklagt sind
Authors: Fuß Johannes , Voulgaris Alexander , Briken Peer 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Nutzung von Missbrauchsabbildungen (umgangssprachlich „Kinderpornografie“) und damit im Zusammenhang stehende Straftaten haben in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beleuchtet die gängigen forensisch-psychiatrischen Kriterien zur Einschätzung der Schuldfähigkeit bei Personen, die wegen des Erwerbs, Besitzes oder der Verbreitung kinderpornografischer Schriften angeklagt sind. Liegt aus forensisch-psychiatrischer Perspektive eine schwere Sexualpathologie vor, die die psychiatrischen Voraussetzungen für eine sog. schwere andere seelische Abartigkeit erfüllt, so wird sich der Gutachter die Frage einer Steuerungsminderung stellen. Im Fall von Delikten im Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung von Missbrauchsabbildungen lassen sich die Kriterien aus den Mindestanforderungen jedoch aus Sicht der Autoren schlecht anwenden. Ein weiteres Problem bei der Begutachtung ist, dass sich die angeklagten Straftaten häufig über einen längeren Zeitraum verteilen und daher der Sachverständige ggf. nach überdauernden psychopathologischen Hinweisen einer geminderten Steuerungsfähigkeit suchen muss. Die sexuelle Dranghaftigkeit, die motivationale Steuerungsfähigkeit und die Desaktualisierungspotenz sind hilfreiche Konzepte, um die Steuerungsfähigkeit in diesem Zusammenhang einzuschätzen. Eine überdauernde forensisch-relevante Steuerungsminderung, die sich ggf. über mehrere Jahre hingezogen hat, wird im Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung von Missbrauchsabbildungen in der Regel nicht vorliegen und eher einen Sonderfall darstellen.
Public Risk Perception Attitude and Information-Seeking Efficacy on Floods: A Formative Study for Disaster Preparation Campaigns and Policies
Authors: Kim Do Kyun David , Madison T. Phillip 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFloods are among the most frequent and devastating natural hazards and disasters in many southern states in the United States. This study examined the relationship and reciprocal predictability between two theoretical constructs—risk perception attitude (RPA) and information-seeking efficacy (ISE)—in regard to pluvial floods. In addition, this study extended these theoretical constructs to investigate differences in RPA and ISE among potential audience segments, providing practitioners with applicable insights for designing effective flood prevention and risk management campaigns. Analysis of data from 716 residents in south Louisiana revealed a statistically strong relationship between RPA and ISE. This research also identified specific audience segments that would benefit from an increase in RPA and ISE concerning floods. These meaningful findings inform a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the relationship between RPA and ISE and guide future disaster preparation campaigns and policies.
Third-Rail Insulator Failure Causes and Mitigating Practices: A Comparative Study of Multiple Case Studies in the U.S.
Authors: Rouhanizadeh Behzad , Kermanshachi Sharareh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRail transit systems are one of the most important and popular types of transit systems used daily in metropolitan areas all around the world. The third rail is one of the providers of traction power in electrified rail systems, but it faces several issues, such as insulator failures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of insulator failures, which have not been comprehensively studied and presented in the literature. To accomplish this objective, eight transit systems with third rails were selected to (1) investigate the characteristics of third-rail systems, (2) determine the causes of insulator failures, (3) analyze the costs associated with insulator failures, and (4) determine mitigating practices to reduce the number and cost of insulator failures. After a thorough literature review, details of eight case studies were collected from different transit agencies, and their subject matter experts were asked to complete a survey and provide input. The results revealed that a build-up of dirt was the major cause of the 17 identified causes of insulator failures; carbon dust and dirt were identified as the most present particles in third-rail systems. It was noted that transit agencies often implement multiple mitigating practices such as cleaning the insulator, performing visual inspections, and conducting regular maintenance to reduce the number and cost of insulator failures. The findings of this study will help decision-makers for transit systems make timely decisions to prevent third-rail insulator failures and adopt appropriate practices that best fit their transit system.
Avoiding slush for hot-point drilling of glacier boreholes
Authors: Hills Benjamin H. , Winebrenner Dale P. , Elam W. T. , Kintner Paul M. S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWater-filled boreholes in cold ice refreeze in hours to days, and prior attempts to keep them open with antifreeze resulted in a plug of slush effectively freezing the hole even faster. Thus, antifreeze as a method to stabilize hot-water boreholes has largely been abandoned. In the hot-point drilling case, no external water is added to the hole during drilling, so earlier antifreeze injection is possible while the drill continues melting downward. Here, we use a cylindrical Stefan model to explore slush formation within the parameter space representative of hot-point drilling. We find that earlier injection timing creates an opportunity to avoid slush entirely by injecting sufficient antifreeze to dissolve the hole past the drilled radius. As in the case of hot-water drilling, the alternative is to force mixing in the hole after antifreeze injection to ensure that ice refreezes onto the borehole wall instead of within the solution as slush.
The Role of Israel’s Emergency Medical Services During a Pandemic in the Pre-Exposure Period
Authors: Jaffe Eli , Sonkin Roman , Podolsky Timna , Alpert Evan Avraham , Siman-Tov Maya 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:The scientific literature on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is extensive, but little is written about the role of emergency medical services (EMS). The objective of this study is to describe the role of Magen David Adom (MDA), Israel’s national emergency prehospital medical organization, in the pre-exposure period, before widespread governmental action. These efforts were based on (1) phone diagnosis, dispatch, and transport; and (2) border management checkpoints.Methods:This is a descriptive study of MDA’s role in pandemic response during the pre-exposure period. Medical emergency telephone calls from either individuals or medical sources were identified by a dispatcher as “suspected COVID-19” based on symptoms and travel exposure. Data were also collected for travelers approaching the MDA border checkpoint at Ben-Gurion International Airport.Results:The total number of protected transports during this time was 121. Of these, 44 (36.3%) were referred by medical sources, and 77 (63.7%) were identified as “suspected COVID-19” by dispatchers. The checkpoint was accessed by 156 travelers: 87 were sent to home-quarantine; 12 were transported to the hospital; 18 were refused entry; and 39 required no further action.Conclusion:EMS can work effectively in the pre-exposure period through instructing home quarantine, providing protected transport, and staffing border control checkpoints.
Application of Health-Care Networking in COVID-19: A Brief Report
Authors: Kaliaperumal Punidha , Kole Tamorish , Chugh Neha 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTHealth-care systems all over the world are stretched out and being reconfigured to deal with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Some countries have flattened the curve, some are still fighting to survive it, and others are embracing the second wave. Globally, there is an urgent need to increase the resilience, capacity, and capability of health-care systems to deal with the current crisis and improve upon the future responses. The epidemiological burden of COVID-19 has led to rapid exhaustion of local response resources and massive disruption to the delivery of care in many countries. Health-care networking and liaison are essential component in disaster management and public health emergencies. It aims to provide logistical support between hospitals; financial support through local or regional governmental and nongovernmental agencies for response; manpower and mechanism for coordination and to implement policies, procedures, and technologies in the event of such crisis.This brief report describes how 4 independent private hospitals in northern India had adopted the principles of health-care networking, pooled their resources, and scaled up 1 of the partner hospitals as Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital (DCH) to treat moderate to severe category of COVID-19 patients. It brings out the importance of a unique coalition between private and public health-care system.
Surgeon choice in the use of postdischarge antibiotics for prophylaxis following mastectomy with and without breast reconstruction
Authors: Warren David K. , Nickel Katelin B. , Hostler Christopher J. , Foy Katherine , Han Jennifer H. , Tolomeo Pam , Banks Ian R. , Fraser Victoria J. , Olsen Margaret A. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenter Program
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultiple guidelines recommend discontinuation of prophylactic antibiotics <24 hours after surgery. In a multicenter, retrospective cohort of 2,954 mastectomy patients ± immediate breast reconstruction, we found that utilization of prophylactic postdischarge antibiotics varied dramatically at the surgeon level among general surgeons and was virtually universal among plastic surgeons.
Sharp bounds for decomposing graphs into edges and triangles
Authors: Blumenthal Adam , Lidický Bernard , Pehova Yanitsa , Pfender Florian , Pikhurko Oleg , Volec Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor a real constant α, let $\pi _3^\alpha (G)$ be the minimum of twice the number of K2’s plus α times the number of K3’s over all edge decompositions of G into copies of K2 and K3, where Kr denotes the complete graph on r vertices. Let $\pi _3^\alpha (n)$ be the maximum of $\pi _3^\alpha (G)$ over all graphs G with n vertices.The extremal function $\pi _3^3(n)$ was first studied by Győri and Tuza (Studia Sci. Math. Hungar.22 (1987) 315–320). In recent progress on this problem, Král’, Lidický, Martins and Pehova (Combin. Probab. Comput.28 (2019) 465–472) proved via flag algebras that$\pi _3^3(n) \le (1/2 + o(1)){n^2}$. We extend their result by determining the exact value of $\pi _3^\alpha (n)$ and the set of extremal graphs for all α and sufficiently large n. In particular, we show for α = 3 that Kn and the complete bipartite graph ${K_{\lfloor n/2 \rfloor,\lceil n/2 \rceil }}$ are the only possible extremal examples for large n.
Tight Hamilton cycles in cherry-quasirandom 3-uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Aigner-Horev Elad , Levy Gil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe employ the absorbing-path method in order to prove two results regarding the emergence of tight Hamilton cycles in the so-called two-path or cherry-quasirandom 3-graphs.Our first result asserts that for any fixed real α > 0, cherry-quasirandom 3-graphs of sufficiently large order n having minimum 2-degree at least α(n – 2) have a tight Hamilton cycle.Our second result concerns the minimum 1-degree sufficient for such 3-graphs to have a tight Hamilton cycle. Roughly speaking, we prove that for every d, α > 0 satisfying d + α > 1, any sufficiently large n-vertex such 3-graph H of density d and minimum 1-degree at least $\alpha \left({\matrix{{n - 1} \cr 2 \cr } } \right)$ has a tight Hamilton cycle.
COVID-19 pneumonia in an infant with a hemodynamically significant ventricular septal defect
Authors: Kohli Utkarsh , Rosebush Julia C. , Orlov Nicola M. , Ghavam Ahmeneh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReports thus far suggest a mild course for acute COVID-19 infection in children; however, its effects in vulnerable paediatric populations, including children with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, have rarely been reported. We therefore report on a 4-month-old Hispanic male with a moderate sized conoventricular ventricular septal defect and pulmonary overcirculation who presented with COVID-19-associated pneumonia.
Quenching rates and critical densities of c-C3H2
Authors: Ben Khalifa Malek , Sahnoun Emna , Spezzano Silvia , Wiesenfeld Laurent , Hammami Kamel , Dulieu Olivier , Caselli Paola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCyclopropenylidene,, is a simple hydrocarbon, ubiquitous in astrophysical gases, and possessing a permanent electric dipole moment. Its readily observed multifrequency rotational transitions make it an excellent probe for the physics and history of interstellar matter. The collisional properties of with He are presented here. We computed the full Potential Energy Surfaces, and we perform quantum scattering in order to provide rates of quenching and excitation for low to medium temperature regimes. We discuss issues with the validity of the usual Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium assumption, and also the intricacies of the spectroscopy of an asymmetric top. We present the wide range of actual critical densities, as recently observed.
Molecular complexity in the interstellar medium
Authors: Belloche Arnaud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe search for complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) has revealed species of ever greater complexity. This search relies on the progress made in the laboratory to characterize their rotational spectra. Our understanding of the processes that lead to molecular complexity in the ISM builds on numerical simulations that use chemical networks fed by laboratory and theoretical studies. The advent of ALMA and NOEMA has opened a new door to explore molecular complexity in the ISM. Their high angular resolution reduces the spectral confusion of star-forming cores and their increased sensitivity allows the detection of low-abundance molecules that could not be probed before. The complexity of the recently-detected molecules manifests itself not only in terms of number of atoms but also in their molecular structure. We discuss these developments and report on ReMoCA, a new spectral line survey performed with ALMA toward the high-mass star-forming region Sgr B2(N).
Gas-phase UV cross sections of radicals
Authors: Heays A. N. , de Oliveira N. , Lewis B. R. , Stark G. , Lyons J. R. , van Hemert M. C. , van Dishoeck E. F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present some new studies of the absolute photodissociation cross sections of astrophysically-relevant diatomic radicals.
Astrophysically motivated laboratory measurements of deuterium reacting with isotopologues of H
Authors: Bowen K. P. , Hillenbrand P.-M. , Liévin J. , Urbain X. , Savin D. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractH2D+and D2H+are important chemical tracers of prestellar cores due to their pure rotational spectra that can be excited at the ~20 K temperature of these environments. The use of these molecules as probes of prestellar cores requires understanding the chemistry that forms and destroys these molecules. Of the eight key reactions that have been identified (Albertssonet al. 2013), five are thought to be well understood. The remaining three are the isotope exchange reactions of atomic D with H$${ + \over 3}$$, H2D+, and D2H+. Semi-classical results differ from the classical Langevin calculations by an order of magnitude (Moyanoet al.2004). To resolve this discrepancy, we have carried out laboratory measurements for these three reactions. Absolute cross sections were measured using a dual-source, merged fast-beams apparatus for relative collision energies between ~10 meV to ~10 eV (Hillenbrandet al.2019). A semi-empirical model was developed incorporating high level quantum mechanicalab initiocalculations for the zero-point-energy-corrected potential energy barrier in order to generate thermal rate coefficients for astrochemical models. Based on our studies, we find that these three reactions proceed too slowly at prestellar core temperatures to play a significant role in the deuteration of H$${ + \over 3}$$isotopologues.
Interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Spectroscopy, photofragmentation and photoproducts
Authors: Bouwman Jordy , Kamer Jerry , Castellanos Pablo , Bulak Michał , Panchagnula Sanjana , Zhen Junfeng , de Haas Arjen , Oomens Jos , Linnartz Harold , Tielens Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUbiquitous strong mid-infrared emission bands are observed towards many objects and are attributed to interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are ionized, or even dissociate, when exposed to strong interstellar radiation fields. By means of ion trap mass spectrometry, light-induced dissociation patterns of PAH cations are measured and the mid-infrared spectroscopic signatures of the parent ion and its dissociation products are characterized. These results are then combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to obtain insight into the dissociation characteristics of interstellar PAHs at a molecular level.
Investigation of rotational state-changing collisions of C2N− ions with helium
Authors: Franz Jan , Gianturco Francesco Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe cross sections for rotational inelastic collisions between atoms and a molecular anion can be very large, if the anion has a dipole moment. This makes molecular anions very efficient in cooling atomic gases. We address rotational inelastic collisions of Helium atoms with the molecular anion C2N–. Here we present preliminary calculations of the potential energy surface.
Are SiO molecules the seed of silicate dust around evolved stars?
Authors: Jiang Biwei , Liu Jiaming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSilicate is the most popular dust species in the circumstellar envelope of evolved oxygen-rich stars, yet its seed particles have not been well identified. Among the candidates, corundum and SiO attract intense attention and study. SiO was suggested to be the seed particles in early 1980s and has received various supports as well as oppositions. In this work we investigate the relation of SiO maser and silicate dust emission powers. With both our own observation by using the PMO/Delingha 13.7-m telescope and the archival data, a sample is assembled of 21 SiO v=1, J=2-1 sources and 28 SiO v=1, J=1-0 sources that exhibit silicate emission features in the ISO/SWS spectrum. The analysis of their SiO maser and silicate emission power shows a moderate correlation, which agrees with the idea that SiO molecules are the seed nuclei of silicate dust.
Nanoscale structure of amorphous solid water: What determines the porosity in ASW?
Authors: Gärtner Sabrina , Headen Thomas F. , Youngs Tristan G. A. , Hill Catherine R. , Pascual Natalia , Auriacombe Olivier , Ioppolo Sergio , Loerting Thomas , Bowron Daniel T. , Fraser Helen J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe pore structure of vapour deposited ASW is poorly understood, despite its importance to fundamental processes such as grain chemistry, cooling of star forming regions, and planet formation. We studied structural changes of vapour deposited D2O on intra-molecular to 30 nm length scales at temperatures ranging from 18 to 180 K and observed enhanced mobility from 100 to 150 K. An Arrhenius type model describes the loss of surface area and porosity with a common set of kinetic parameters. The low activation energy (428 K) is commensurate with van der Waals forces between nm-scale substructures in the ice. Our findings imply that water porosity will always change with time, even at low temperatures.
Benchmarked atomic data for astrophysics
Authors: Del Zanna Giulio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe recent calculations of atomic data for ions of astrophysical interest are reviewed with a focus on work performed in Cambridge. The calculations have been benchmarked against high-resolution laboratory and astrophysical spectra. A framework for assessing uncertainties in atomic data has also been developed. Long-standing discrepancies in predicted spectral line intensities have been resolved, and a significant number of levels in coronal ions have finally been identified, improving the modelling of the extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectral regions. Recent improvements based on collisional-radiative modelling are presented. They are relevant for the modelling of satellite lines in the X-rays and for solving the long-standing problems in the chromosphere-corona transition in stellar atmospheres.
On the correlation of the abundances of HNCO and NH2CHO: Advantages of solid para-H2 to study astrochemical H-atom addition and abstraction reactions
Authors: Tarczay György , Haupa Karolina , Lee Yuan-Pern 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn dense interstellar clouds that are shielded from high-energy radiation (e.g., UV photons or cosmic rays), H-atom addition and abstraction reactions that take place on grain surfaces play principal roles in the synthesis or decomposition of complex organic molecules (COMs). These reactions are extensively investigated with laboratory experiments by bombarding astrophysical analogue ices with a beam of low-temperature H atoms. Here we demonstrate that, although 2-4 K solid para-H2 does not represent a typical environment of the surface of interstellar grains, para-H2 matrix isolation combined with IR spectroscopy is a complementary tool to sensitively detect astrochemical hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes.
Behaviour of radicals on interstellar dust analogues
Authors: Watanabe Naoki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurface reactions of radicals play important roles in the formation of complex molecules on interstellar dust grains. Under interstellar conditions, because the coverage of adsorbates on dust is significantly low, surface reactions are often limited by precedent processes, namely, the adsorption and diffusion of reactants. Therefore, to appropriately incorporate dust surface reactions into chemical models, information on the adsorption and diffusion of radicals is crucial. However, it is not easy to follow the behaviour of radicals on surfaces by conventional experimental methods. To monitor radicals on interstellar dust analogues, we have recently succeeded in applying a combination of photostimulated desorption and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization methods. In this paper, we briefly review our recent experiments for clarifying radical behaviour on water ice, pure solid CO and diamond-like carbon.
The chemistry of episodic accretion
Authors: Rab C. , Elbakyan V. , Vorobyov E. , Postel A. , Güdel M. , Dionatos O. , Audard M. , Kamp I. , Thi W.-F. , Woitke P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpisodic accretion is an important process in the evolution of young stars and their surroundings. A consequence of an episodic accretion event is a luminosity burst, which heats the protostellar environment and has a long lasting impact on the chemical evolution of the disk and envelope of young stars. We present a new model for the chemistry of episodic accretion based on the 2D radiation thermo-chemical disk code ProDiMo. We discuss the impact of an episodic accretion burst on the chemical evolution of CO and its observables. Furthermore we present a model for the outbursting source V883 Ori where we fitted available observational data to get an accurate physical structure that allows for a detailed study of the chemistry.