bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility Intentions among HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers in Zambia: Analysis of 2013-14 and 2018 DHS data
Authors: Mulemena David , Phiri Million , Mutombo Namuunda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: HIV infection is a strong predictor of fertility as it might influence one’s fertility desire. With advent treatment, HIV-infected mothers are now living longer and healthier just like the HIV-negative mothers. Zambia is among the developing countries in the region with high desire for more children in spite of government efforts to reduce the fertility rate. However, little is known on the influence of HIV status on the desire for children among mothers of reproductive ages in Zambia. Methods: The analyses are based on mothers with linkable information on HIV testing and fertility preferences from the 2013-14 and 2018 Zambia and Demographic Health Survey data, with national representative samples of 16,411 and 13,683 women, respectively. HIV data was merged with each woman’s individual file, which also contained household variables to create an analytical file. Of the total sample; 11,683 mothers in 2013-14 and 9,172 mothers in 2018 were eligible for the study. Cross-tabulations with statistical tests were conducted to ascertain the crude relationship and finally multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to identify the major predictors of fertility intentions among HIV positive and HIV negative mothers using Stata software version 14.0.Results: Findings indicate that fertility intentions among women either HIV-positive or HIV-negative reduced as parity increases. Generally, in both data sets, there is a significant difference between HIV-negative mothers preferring more children compared to HIV-positive mothers. Interestingly, in the 2018 survey, HIV-positive mothers residing in urban areas were 33 percent more likely to prefer more children compared to HIV-negative mothers. Conclusion: According to this study, predictors of fertility intentions among women of reproductive age are different by HIV status. Other significant variables are age, education level, marital status, and parity, which were found to be the major predictors of fertility intentions among HIV-positive. Among the HIV-negatives, age, education level, parity, marital status, employment status, wealth quintile and region explained their fertility intentions. The fact that many HIV-infected mothers expect to have more children has important implications for the prevention of vertical and horizontal transmission of HIV. There is, therefore, the need for comprehensive and continuous expansion of family planning, voluntary counseling, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and integration of HIV treatment care among HIV-positive mothers to meet diverse reproductive intentions.
Population immunity to measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella among adults in Khanh Hoa province, Socialist Republic of Vietnam; residual sample analysis from multistage cluster sampling survey
Authors: Do Thai Hung , Huynh Kim Mai , Vien Quang Mai , Hoang Tien Thanh , Nguyen Bao Trieu , Le Xuan Huy , Komada Kenichi , Ichimura Yasunori , Miyano Shinsuke , Lee-Yoshimoto Minsoo , Thandar Moe Moe , Mizoue Tetsuya , Mori Yoshio , Takeda Makoto , Hachiya Masahiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: Measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella are currently endemic in Vietnam, but population immunity to the four diseases among the general population has not been well investigated. This study measured specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G in 362 randomly selected adults between 20 and 70 years old, using residual serum samples to evaluate age-specific immunity to the four diseases in Khanh Hoa province.Results: Age-specific anti-measles IgG prevalence was lowest, at 89.3% (95% confidence interval 71.8–97.7%) at 20–24 years old, below the herd immunity threshold of 95% to prevent epidemics. About 71.4–90.3% of women of child-bearing age (20–49 years old) were seropositive for rubella, indicating that a certain proportion of babies are at risk of congenital rubella syndrome. A large proportion of young adults (20–29 years) are susceptible to mumps and varicella, with population immunity of 71.4–78.1% to mumps and 48.8–53.6% to varicella. Population-based seroprevalence surveys of both children and adults are needed to evaluate population immunity and improve current immunization programs by expanding the target ages for immunization and introducing new vaccines.
The Role of Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Medical Products in the WHO African Region: 25 Years After the Trips Agreement
Authors: Motari Marion , Nikiema Jean-Baptiste , Kasilo Ossy Muganga Julius , Kniazkov Stanislav , Loua Andre , Sougou Aissatou , Tumusiime Prosper 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIt is now 25 years since the adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the same concerns raised during its negotiations such as high prices of medical products, market exclusivity and delayed market entry for generics remain relevant as highlighted recently by Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. The World Health Organization’s mandate to work on the interface between intellectual property, innovation and access to medicine has been continually reinforced and extended to include providing support to countries on the implementation of TRIPS flexibilities in collaboration with stakeholders. This study analyses the role of intellectual property on innovation and access to medical products in the African Region. Methods:We analyze patent data from the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) to show trends and to identify the main diseases covered and how they correspond with top causes of morbidity and mortality. We also review legislation to assess how TRIPS flexibilities are implemented in countries.ResultsPatenting was low for African countries. Only South Africa and Cameroon appeared in the list of top ten originator countries for ARIPO and OAPI respectively. Main diseases covered by African patents were HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and tumors. 39 countries have applied TRIPS flexibilities, with the most common being compulsory licensing and LDC transition provisions. A third of the compulsory licensing application were not executed following voluntary licensing agreements. No country had legislated on research and regulatory review exceptions and patent term extension.DiscussionThere’s modest alignment between innovation and health challenges. Compulsory licensing applications may have served to encourage voluntary licensing arrangements. Countries have enacted laws that allow them to deploy TRIPS flexibilities for public health needs. ConclusionsThere’s need to develop and strengthen health innovation systems in the region. Opportunities exist for WHO to work with ARIPO and OAPI to support countries in reviewing their legislation to be more responsive to public health needs.
Effects of a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief, Student-Nurse Led, Parent-Based Sexual Health Intervention on Parental Protective Factors and HPV Vaccination Uptake
Authors: Maria Diane Santa , Markham Christine , Sanghamitra Misra M. , Coleman Deidra C. , Lyons Mandi , Desormeaux Christina , Cron Stanley , Guilamo-Ramos Vincent 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Parents play a pivotal role in adolescent sexual health and HPV vaccination. Nurses are on the frontlines of healthcare and play a critical role in promoting HPV vaccination and parent-child sexual health communication. We enhanced the Families Talking Together (FTT) parent-based sexual health curriculum to include adolescent vaccinations herein, FTT+HPV, and trained student nurses to provide a strong HPV vaccination and parent-child sexual health communication endorsement.Methods: Using a randomized attention-controlled trial design, we examined the efficacy of FTT+HPV among 519 parents and their 11-14 year old youth recruited from medically underserved communities between 2015 and 2018. Participants were recruited from 22 after-school programs (e.g., Boys and Girls Clubs) and 19 charter schools. For parents, we examined protective factors including parent-child sexual health communication and parental involvement. For youth, we examined sexual health knowledge, parent-child sexual health communication, and parent-child connectedness. To assess HPV vaccination initiation and completion, we searched IMMTRAC immunization registry records for 85% of youth and used parental report for youth without registry records. Group differences were calculated using the estimated mean difference at one- and six months post-intervention with significance set at the p< 0.05 level.Results: Baseline rates of HPV vaccination were low at 55.7%. No significant difference between the groups was seen in vaccination initiation or completion rates by one-month post-intervention. However, by six-months post intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups with 70.3% of the intervention group initiating the HPV vaccination series vs. 60.6% for the control group (p = 0.02). No difference between the groups was found for HPV series completion at six-months. There were significant differences in condom knowledge (p = 0.04), parent-child connectedness (p = 0.04), and communication frequency (p = 0.001) with greater improvement in the intervention vs. the control group. Rates of sexual activity remained low in both groups throughout the six-month follow-up period.Conclusion: A brief parent-based adolescent sexual health and HPV vaccination intervention delivered by student nurses can improve sexual health outcomes including protective parental factors, adolescent sexual health knowledge, and HPV vaccination initiation rates.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02600884. Registered September 1, 2015. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02600884
THA First: Low Back Pain in Patients with Both Hip Osteoarthritis and Lumbar Degenerative Disease is Relieved after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ran Tianfei , Ke Song , Lv Mingrui , Li Jie , Song Xin , Zhang Rui , Zhou Yuanyuan , Wang Min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: With the aging of population, the number of patients suffering from hip osteoarthritis complicated with lumbar degenerative disease is increasing. Both diseases may require surgery, however, which is first? the sequence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and lumbar surgery remains controversial. Methods: The data of our hospital, from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved, and a group of patients who had undergone total hip replacement (THA, n = 153) and also suffered from lumbar degenerative diseases were identified. We studied the improvement of hip joint function and the relief of low back pain (LBP), and also discussed the effect of unilateral and bilateral THA on the relief of LBP. Results: The LBP visual analysis scale (VAS) of 153 patients decreased from (4.13 ± 1.37) preoperatively to (1.90 ± 1.44) postoperatively. The average Harris Hip score (HHS) increased from 45.33 ± 13.23 preoperatively to 86.44 ± 7.59 postoperatively of the latest follow-up. According to Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system, the proportion of patients with good response to treatment in the clinical results of these 153 patients reached 93.46%. LBP VAS decreased from 4.18 ± 1.38 preoperatively to 1.95 ± 1.49 postoperatively in unilateral group and from 3.94 ± 1.32 preoperatively to 1.73 ± 1.23 postoperatively in bilateral group respectively. These results showed that the lumbar pain was relieved significantly after surgery. Conclusion: THA can relieve LBP while relieve hip pain and restore hip function. And the relief of LBP and recovery of lumbar function in unilateral operation group were better than those in bilateral operation group. These findings can be helpful to surgeons in making decisions. For patients with both hip disease and lumbar degenerative disease, THA first may bring additional benefits to patients.
Transcriptome Analysis Combined With Glutathione S-transferase 1 Gene Family Whole-genome Identification Reveals the Mechanism Underlying the Exogenous Application of 5-aminolevulinic Acid to Alleviate Low Temperature Stress in Solanum Lycopersicum Seedling
Authors: Zhang Zhengda , Liu Tao , Kang Zhen , Xu Jiwen , Yang Shichun , Zhang Yuhui , Wen Yongshuai , Xu Zijian , Yang Jianyu , Li Tianlai , Hu Xiaohui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Transcriptome sequencing was conducted to screen out genes that actively respond to exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induction under low temperature stress. The study used two versions of the tomato genome database to strictly screen and identify tomato glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene families and carried out the related bioinformatics analysis of tomato GST gene family. The expression pattern of SlGST genes induced by exogenous application ALA under low temperature stress was also analysed. Related physiological indicators were determined, and related chemical stains were performed.Results: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed that the expression of SlGST gene was different under various treatments, and a large number of SlGST genes widely responded to ALA induction under low temperature stress. Sixty-nine full-length GST genes were identified by screening the two versions of tomato genome databases combined with protein domain analysis. Analysis of gene family phylogenetic tree divided the tomato GST gene family into eight subfamilies. Tandem replication of genes is one of the driving forces for the evolution of tomato GST gene family, and a large number of cis-acting elements are related to stress resistance on the promoter of the GST gene family. Exogenous ALA application under low temperature stress induces a broad response of tomato leaf SlGST gene (qRT-PCR verification), increases GST activity and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.Conclusions: RNA sequencing results revealed that a large number of tomato GST genes are differentially expressed, and Sixty-nine GSTs are identified in the tomato genome. Tandem replication of genes is the driving force for 68 the evolution of tomato GST family, and the promoter contains a large number of cis-acting elements related to stress resistance. Test results show that exogenous ALA induces the expression of SlGST genes under low temperature stress, thereby increasing GST activity to eliminate the ROS produced under low temperature stress and increase the tomato tolerance.
Human Nuclear Receptors (NRs) Genes Have Prognostic Significance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Sun Guangtao , Sun Kejian , Shen Chao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Human nuclear receptors (NRs) have been identified to closely related to various cancer. However, the prognostic significance of NRs on HCC patients has not been studied in detail.Method: We downloaded the mRNA profiles and clinical information of 371 HCC patients from TCGA database and analyzed the expression of 48 NRs. The consensus clustering analysis with the mRNA levels of 48 NRs was performed by the "ConsensusClusterPlus". The Univariate cox regression analysis was performed to predict the prognostic significance of NRs on HCC. The risk score was calculated by the prognostic model constructed based on eight optimal NRs which were selected. Then Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether the risk score is an independent prognostic signature. Finally, the nomogram based on multiple independent prognostic factors including risk score and TNM Stage was used to predict the long-term survival of HCC patients.Results: NRs could effectively separate HCC samples with different prognosis. The prognostic model constructed based on the eight optimal NRs (NR1H3, ESR1, NR1I2, NR2C1, NR6A1, PPARD, PPARG and VDR) could effectively predict the prognosis of HCC patients as an independent prognostic signature. Moreover, the nomogram was constructed based on multiple independent prognostic factors including risk score and TNM Stage and could better predict the long-term survival for 3- and 5-year of HCC patients.Conclusion: Our results provided novel evidences that NRs could act as the potential prognostic signatures for HCC patients.
Three-dimensional residual channel attention networks denoise and sharpen fluorescence microscopy image volumes
Authors: Chen Jiji , Sasaki Hideki , Lai Hoyin , Su Yijun , Liu Jiamin , Wu Yicong , Zhovmer Alexander , Combs Christian , Rey-Suare Ivan , Chang Hung-Yu , Li Xuesong , Guo Min , Nizambad Srineil , Upadhyaya Arpita , Lee Shih-Jong , Lucas Luciano , Shroff Hari 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate residual channel attention networks (RCAN) for restoring and enhancing volumetric time-lapse (4D) fluorescence microscopy data. First, we modify RCAN to handle image volumes, showing that our network enables denoising competitive with three other state-of-the-art neural networks. We use RCAN to restore noisy 4D super-resolution data, enabling image capture over tens of thousands of images (thousands of volumes) without apparent photobleaching. Second, using simulations we show that RCAN enables class-leading resolution enhancement, superior to other networks. Third, we exploit RCAN for denoising and resolution improvement in confocal microscopy, enabling ~2.5-fold lateral resolution enhancement using stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy ground truth. Fourth, we develop methods to improve spatial resolution in structured illumination microscopy using expansion microscopy ground truth, achieving improvements of ~1.4-fold laterally and ~3.4-fold axially. Finally, we characterize the limits of denoising and resolution enhancement, suggesting practical benchmarks for evaluating and further enhancing network performance.
Highly Stable Nanoparticle Supercrystals Formed by Aldol Reaction in Conjunction with Slow Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Kim Jiwhan , Dey Jahar , Umar Aminah , Ha Jae-Min , Lee Sang-Jo , Choi Sung-Min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The nanoparticle supercrystals (NPSCs) have been of great interests for their collective emergent properties. While various NPSCs have been successfully fabricated using intermolecular forces, the limited structural stability of NPSCs due to the weak nature of the intermolecular forces still remains a major hurdle for practical applications. Herein, we report a new method to fabricate highly stable three-dimensional NPSCs by using aldol reaction, a model covalent bond forming reaction, in conjunction with slow solvent evaporation. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with thiol poly-ethylene glycol formyl are linked to each other by carbon-carbon covalent bonds formed by aldol reaction as the particle dispersion in aqueous NaOH solution is slowly evaporated, resulting in highly faceted three-dimensional NPSCs. As-synthesized NPSCs show excellent structural stability in solvents of different polartities as well as the dried condition and at temperature up to 160 °C, which is far superior to NPSCs stabilized by intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. The new covalent bonding appraoch opens up new opportunities in the synthesis of NPSCs and their applications.
Variation rs9929218 and Risk of the Colorectal Cancer and Adenomas: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Huiyan , Gu Dongying , Yu Miao , Hu Yanjun , Chen Zhe , Huo Xinying , Yu Tao , Chen Jinfei , Zheng Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identiﬁed multiple common CRC-related (colorectal cancer) SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) including the Cadherin 1(CDH1) rs9929218 may act by increasing the risk of colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma, or both. These studies, however, reported inconsistent associations. Methods: To derive a more accurate approximation of the connection, we carried out a meta-analysis of 12 published pieces of research including 11,590 controls and 8,192 cases. We used odds ratios (ORs) and 95% conﬁdence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the associations' strength.Results: Meta-analysis implied considerable association between CRC and rs9929218 (OR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.04-1.42 for GG versus AA; OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.05-1.42 for GG/AG versus AA).In the subgroup analyses, significantly increased risks were found among Europeans.Conclusions: In summary, our meta-analysis studies in different populations confirmed that SNP rs9929218 is significantly associated with CRC risk and that this variant may have a greater impact on Europeans.
A US population health survey on the impact of COVID-19 using the EQ-5D-5L
Authors: Hay Joel W. , Gong PharmD Cynthia L. , Jiao Xiayu , Zawadzki  , Pickard A. Simon , Xie Feng , Crawford  , Gu Ning Yan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In addition to health and economic consequences, the COVID-19 pandemic has likely affected population health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Objective: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on US population health using the EQ-5D-5L.Design: We surveyed respondents on health status, employment, and anxiety/depression. We collected information on demographics, brief medical history, socioeconomic status, current COVID-19 status, sleep, dietary, and financial spending changes. Results were compared to US population norms. Predictors of EQ-5D-5L utility were analyzed using post-Lasso OLS regression, a machine learning algorithm designed to enhance prediction accuracy by avoiding overfitting. Robustness of regression coefficients were analyzed with E-Values to quantify unmeasured confounding.Participants: Amazon MTurk users.Main Measures: EQ-5D-5L utility score by age group.Key Results: Survey respondents (n=2776) reported significantly worse mean (SD) HRQoL utility as captured by the EQ-5D-5L among 18-24 year olds, 0.752 (0.281) vs. online, 0.844 (0.184) (p=0.001) and face-to-face norms, 0.919 (0.127) (p<0.001). Among ages 25-34, utility was worse compared to face-to-face norms only (0.825 (0.235) vs. 0.911 (0.111), p<0.001). Among ages 35-64, utility values were higher during-pandemic but only vs. online norms (0.845 (0.195) vs. 0.794 (0.247), p<0.001). At age 65+, utility values (0.827 (0.213)) were similar across all samples. Increasing age and income were correlated with increased utility, while Hawaiian/Pacific islander race, Hispanic ethnicity, married, living alone, history of chronic illness, fear of COVID-19’s impact on health, and having a family member diagnosed with COVID-19 were associated with worse utility scores. Results were relatively robust to unmeasured confounding.Conclusions: HRQoL has decreased during the pandemic compared to US population norms, especially for ages 18-24. The mental health impact of COVID-19 is significant, and falls primarily on younger adults whose health outcomes have been discounted relative to the elderly based on policy initiatives to date.