bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shotgun Lipidomics Discovered Diurnal Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Linked to Insulin Sensitivity in Nondiabetic Men
Authors: Kessler Katharina , Gerl Mathias J , Hornemann Silke , Damm Markus , Klose Christian , Petzke Klaus J , Kemper Margrit , Weber Daniela , Rudovich Natalia , Grune Tilman , Simons Kai , Kramer Achim , Pfeiffer Andreas F H , Pivovarova-Ramich Olga 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Meal timing affects metabolic homeostasis and body weight, but how composition and timing of meals affect plasma lipidomics in humans is not well studied.

Objective
We used high throughput shotgun plasma lipidomics to investigate effects of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on lipid metabolism and its relation to glycemic control.

Design
29 nondiabetic men consumed (1) a high-carb test meal (MTT-HC) at 09.00 and a high-fat meal (MTT-HF) at 15.40; or (2) MTT-HF at 09.00 and MTT-HC at 15.40. Blood was sampled before and 180 minutes after completion of each MTT. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was collected after overnight fast and both MTTs. Prior to each investigation day, participants consumed a 4-week isocaloric diet of the same composition: (1) high-carb meals until 13.30 and high-fat meals between 16.30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order.

Results
12 hour daily lipid patterns showed a complex regulation by both the time of day (67.8%) and meal composition (55.4%). A third of lipids showed a diurnal variation in postprandial responses to the same meal with mostly higher responses in the morning than in the afternoon. Triacylglycerols containing shorter and more saturated fatty acids were enriched in the morning. SAT transcripts involved in fatty acid synthesis and desaturation showed no diurnal variation. Diurnal changes of 7 lipid classes were negatively associated with insulin sensitivity, but not with glucose and insulin response or insulin secretion.

Conclusions
This study identified postprandial plasma lipid profiles as being strongly affected by meal timing and associated with insulin sensitivity.
Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity on Morphine Pharmacokinetics in Children
Authors: Dalesio Nicholas M. , Lee Carlton K. K. , Hendrix Craig W. , Kerns Nikole , Hsu Aaron , Clarke William , Collaco Joseph M. , McGrath-Morrow Sharon , Yaster Myron , Brown Robert H. , Schwartz Alan R. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:
Obesity increases susceptibility to chronic pain, increases metabolism, and is associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), all which can complicate perioperative pain management of patients. In addition, obesity and OSAS can cause elevation of the adipose-derived hormone leptin, which increases metabolism. We hypothesized that obesity along with sleep apnea and leptin independently enhance morphine pharmacokinetics.

METHODS:
Children 5–12 years of age who were presenting for surgery were administered a morphine dose of 0.05 mg/kg. Blood was collected at baseline and at subsequent preset times for pharmacokinetic analysis of morphine and its metabolites. Three groups were studied: a nonobese group with severe OSAS, an obese group with severe OSAS, and a control group.

RESULTS:
Thirty-four patients consisting of controls (n = 16), nonobese/OSAS (n = 8), and obese/OSAS (n = 10) underwent analysis. The obese/OSAS group had a higher dose-adjusted mean maximum morphine concentration (CMAX) over 540 minutes compared to the controls (P < .001) and those with only OSAS (P = .014). The obese/OSAS group also had lower volume of distribution (Vd) when compared to OSAS-only patients (P = .007). In addition, those in the obese/OSAS group had a higher morphine 3-glucuronide (M3G) maximum concentration (P = .012) and a higher ratio of M3G to morphine than did the control group (P = .011). Time to maximum morphine 6-glucuronide (M6G) concentration was significantly lower in both nonobese/OSAS and obese/OSAS groups than in the control group (P < .005). C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-10, and leptin were all higher in the obese/OSAS group than in controls (P = .004, 0.026, and <0.001, respectively), and compared to OSAS-only patients, CRP (P = .013) and leptin (P = .002) levels were higher in the obese/OSAS group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The combination of obesity and OSAS was associated with an increase in morphine metabolism compared with that in normal-weight controls. Our previous study in mice demonstrated that obesity from leptin deficiency decreased morphine metabolism, but that metabolism normalized after leptin replacement. Leptin may be a cause of the increased morphine metabolism observed in obese patients.
The Emergence of the Global South Novel: Red Sorghum, Présence Africaine, and the Third Novelists' International
Authors: Zhang Y. P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on an overlooked connection between the “cultural fever” in China in the 1980s and a comparable cultural fever that emerged in Africa and the Caribbean in the mid-1950s through the writing of Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, Jacques Stéphen Alexis, and others. It argues that, in the mid-1950s, these writers politicized their discourse on culture partly under the influence of Mao's “Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art.” In particular, they translated the tension between the state and the local, which is intrinsic to Mao's “Talks,” into the dialectical opposition between nationalism and pan-Africanism. In post-Mao China, Chinese writers released the local from the grip of the state and aligned localism with a nascent cosmopolitanism, which inclined them to identify with Third World cosmopolitan writers. In the process of translating post-Mao Chinese literature into the mechanism of the world literary system, writers and translators transformed localism into an assimilable cult of culture. By looking at the shift of value in Chinese literature in the 1980s in relation to a change of consciousness in Euro-American literary culture in the same period, this article further argues that the context of Third Worldism is largely eliminated in the reception of global South literature in the world literary setting. It contends that recognizing the formation of Third World cosmopolitan novelists in the milieu of an international socialist literary culture oriented to the Third World necessitates the construction of a global history of the novel that will redress the myopia in novel studies, postcolonialism, and contemporary theories of world literature.
Frances Burney and the Art of Accident
Authors: O'Briain Katarina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article argues that Frances Burney's long, diffuse works of fiction develop an ethics of accident within the history of the novel. Whereas critics from the eighteenth century to today have privileged “art”—in the sense of careful, deliberate skill and conduct—as a crucial marker of human character, Burney insists on filling her novels with a succession of unexpected events and a multitude of characters surprised by their own actions. By refusing to treat accident as a mistake to be improved upon—in the realm of either characterological conduct or authorial craft—Burney posits an ethics of the novel that treats matters of chance and modes of depleted agency as central aspects of the human condition rather than as markers of moral or aesthetic failure. Setting Burney's texts within ascendant modes of economy and finance in the eighteenth century, the article suggests that this ethics marks a key change within the rise of the novel that continues well into late capitalism.
Suzanne Eaton (1959-2019)
Authors: Jülicher Frank 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Suzanne Eaton, Professor at the Technical University Dresden and Group Leader at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, tragically died on 2 July 2019. Suzanne was a remarkable person, both as a scientist and as a human being. Having worked closely with Suzanne for many years, I remember here some of her key scientific contributions.
TRIM32, but not its muscular dystrophy-associated mutant, positively regulates and is targeted to autophagic degradation by p62/SQSTM1
Authors: Overå Katrine Stange , Garcia-Garcia Juncal , Bhujabal Zambarlal , Jain Ashish , Øvervatn Aud , Larsen Kenneth Bowitz , Deretic Vojo , Johansen Terje , Lamark Trond , Sjøttem Eva 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins constitute a family of ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in a multitude of cellular processes, including protein homeostasis and autophagy. TRIM32 is characterized by six protein–protein interaction domains termed NHL, various point mutations in which are associated with limb-girdle-muscular dystrophy 2H (LGMD2H). Here, we show that TRIM32 is an autophagy substrate. Lysosomal degradation of TRIM32 was dependent on ATG7 and blocked by knockout of the five autophagy receptors p62 (also known as SQSTM1), NBR1, NDP52 (also known as CALCOCO2), TAX1BP1 and OPTN, pointing towards degradation by selective autophagy. p62 directed TRIM32 to lysosomal degradation, while TRIM32 mono-ubiquitylated p62 on lysine residues involved in regulation of p62 activity. Loss of TRIM32 impaired p62 sequestration, while reintroduction of TRIM32 facilitated p62 dot formation and its autophagic degradation. A TRIM32LGMD2H disease mutant was unable to undergo autophagic degradation and to mono-ubiquitylate p62, and its reintroduction into the TRIM32-knockout cells did not affect p62 dot formation. In light of the important roles of autophagy and p62 in muscle cell proteostasis, our results point towards impaired TRIM32-mediated regulation of p62 activity as a pathological mechanisms in LGMD2H.
Strength Training Increases Conduction Velocity of High-Threshold Motor Units
Authors: CASOLO ANDREA , FARINA DARIO , FALLA DEBORAH , BAZZUCCHI ILENIA , FELICI FRANCESCO , DEL VECCHIO ALESSANDRO 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeMotor unit conduction velocity (MUCV) represents the propagation velocity of action potentials along the muscle fibers innervated by individual motor neurons and indirectly reflects the electrophysiological properties of the sarcolemma. In this study, we investigated the effect of a 4-wk strength training intervention on the peripheral properties (MUCV and motor unit action potential amplitude, RMSMU) of populations of longitudinally tracked motor units (MU).MethodsThe adjustments exhibited by 12 individuals who participated in the training (INT) were compared with 12 controls (CON). Strength training involved ballistic (4 × 10) and sustained (3 × 10) isometric ankle dorsiflexions. Measurement sessions involved the recordings of maximal voluntary isometric force and submaximal isometric ramp contractions, whereas high-density surface EMG was recorded from the tibialis anterior. High-density surface EMG signals were decomposed into individual MU discharge timings, and MU was tracked across the intervention.ResultsMaximal voluntary isometric force (+14.1%,P= 0.003) and average MUCV (+3.0%,P= 0.028) increased in the INT group, whereas normalized MU recruitment threshold (RT) decreased (−14.9%,P= 0.001). The slope (rate of change) of the regression between MUCV and MU RT increased only in the INT group (+32.6%,P= 0.028), indicating a progressive greater increase in MUCV for higher-threshold MU. The intercept (initial value) of MUCV did not change after the intervention (P= 0.568). The association between RMSMUand MU RT was not altered by the training.ConclusionThe increase in the rate of change in MUCV as a function of MU RT, but not the initial value of MUCV, suggests that short-term strength training elicits specific adaptations in the electrophysiological properties of the muscle fiber membrane in high-threshold MU.
Temporal Muscle-specific Disuse Atrophy during One Week of Leg Immobilization
Authors: KILROE SEAN P. , FULFORD JONATHAN , JACKMAN SARAH R. , VAN LOON LUC J. C. , WALL BENJAMIN T. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Musculoskeletal injuries necessitate periods of disuse (i.e., limb immobilization) during which rapid skeletal muscle atrophy occurs. The relative susceptibility of different muscles of the thigh to disuse atrophy remains uninvestigated. We assessed muscle disuse atrophy of individual thigh muscles throughout 1 wk of unilateral knee immobilization.

Methods
Thirteen healthy, young (20.2 ± 0.6 yr) men underwent 7 d of unilateral leg immobilization via knee bracing. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed bilaterally prior to, and following 2 and 7 d of immobilization to determine the volume and anatomical cross-sectional area of the individual muscle groups of the upper legs.

Results
In contrast to the control leg, total thigh muscle volume had decreased by 1.7% ± 0.3% (P < 0.01) and 5.5% ± 0.6% (P < 0.001) in the immobilized leg after 2 and 7 d of disuse, respectively. Muscle loss was significantly greater in the Musculus quadriceps (day 2; 1.7% ± 0.3% (P < 0.05) and day 7; 6.7% ± 0.6%) when compared with the Musculus hamstrings (day 2; 1.4% ± 0.2% (P < 0.01) and day 7; 3.5% ± 0.3%) after 7 d of disuse (P < 0.001). Individual muscles of the thigh exhibited different atrophy rates with the Musculus vastus lateralis anatomical cross-sectional area showing the greater (2.6% ± 0.4% and 7.2% ± 0.8%), and the Musculus gracilis the lesser (1.1% ± 0.7% and 2.3% ± 1.0%) decline following 2 and 7 d of immobilization, respectively (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Thigh muscle disuse atrophy occurs rapidly and is already evident within 2 d of leg immobilization and progresses at a similar rate over the next 5 d (~0.8% muscle loss per day). M. quadriceps muscle shows more atrophy when compared with the M. hamstrings.
Radiomic analysis for response assessment in advanced head and neck cancers, a distant dream or an inevitable reality? A systematic review of the current level of evidence
Authors: Guha Amrita , Connor Steve , Anjari Mustafa , Naik Harish , Siddiqui Musib , Cook Gary , Goh Vicky 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
The recent increase in publications on radiomic analysis as means to produce diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in head and neck cancers (HNCC) reveal complicated and often conflicting results. The objective of this paper is to systematically review the published data, and evaluate the current level of evidence accumulated that would determine clinical application.

Methods:
Data sources: Articles in the English language available on the Ovid-MEDLINE and Embase databases were used for the literature search. Study selection:Studies which evaluated the role of radiomics as a predictive or prognostic tool for response assessment in HNCC were included in this review.
Study appraisal and synthesis methods: The authors set-out to perform a meta-analysis, however given the small number of studies retrieved that presented adequate data, combined with excessive methodological heterogeneity, we could only perform a structured descriptive systematic review summarizing the key findings. Independent extraction of articles was performed by two authors using predefined data fields and any disagreement was resolved by consensus.

Results:
Though most papers concluded that radiomics is an effective predictive and prognostic biomarker in the management of HNCC, significant heterogeneity exists in the study methodology and statistical modelling; thus precluding accurate mathematical comparison or the ability to make clear recommendations going forwards. Moreover, most studies have not been validated and the reproducibility of their results will be a challenge.

Conclusion:
Until robust external validation studies on the reproducibility and accuracy of radiomic analysis methods on HNCC are carried out, the current level of evidence remains low, with the authors advising caution against hasty implementation of these tools in the multidisciplinary clinic.

Advances in knowledge:
This review is the first attempt to critically analyze the merits and demerits of currently published literature on tumour heterogeneity studies in HNCC, and identifies specific loop holes that need to be addressed by research groups, for a meaningful clinical translation of this potential biomarker.
ВИДОВЫЕ (АСПЕКТАЛЬНЫЕ) ГРАММЕМЫ РУССКОГО ГЛАГОЛА И СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ОБЪЕКТИВНОГО ВРЕМЕНИ В КИТАЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ (ФРАГМЕНТ ЛИНГВОДИДАКТИЧЕСКОГО ОПИСАНИЯ В ЦЕЛЯХ РКИ)
Authors: Akimova Inga Igorevna , Grigorova Elena Alekseevna , Omarova Leyla Alacberovna 
Published: November 2019

Актуальность. Выражение временных и тесно связанных с ними аспектуальных значений русского глагола – весьма сложный фрагмент грамматики русского языка, что заставляет специалистов-практиков обращаться к родному языку учащегося или к языку-посреднику. Практика показала, что сопоставительный (контрастивный) анализ, проводимый в учебных целях, особенно актуален в аудитории носителей неевропейских языков, в частности, китайского языка, который, как известно, хотя и является аналитическим, но не похож на европейские языки по способу выражения лингвоуниверсальных временных и аспектуальных значений.Цель и методика. Исследование выполнено в направлении функционально-коммуникативной фундаментальной прикладной грамматики русского языка [9]. С целью создания лингводидактического описания русского языка как иностранного для аудитории многочисленных китайских учащихся мы рассматриваем фрагмент грамматики глагольного вида в сопоставительном аспекте.Методы исследования. Статья предназначена для практиков-русистов, в основном не владеющих китайским языком, примеры могут быть использованы в китайской аудитории, этим обусловлена необходимость калек (без изменения форм русского слова) и латинской транскрипции китайских примеров в системе 汉语拼音 Hànyǔ pīnyīn (Ханьюй пиньинь). Сравнительный (контрастивный) метод позволяет учесть лингвистическую относительность и сформировать у учащихся ‒ носителей китайского языка алгоритм перекодировки путем использования учебного перевода как обучающего приема.Результаты. В статье показаны различия способов выражения временных планов предложения-высказывания и аспектуальности в китайском и русском языках, что вынуждает практиков РКИ искать иные способы представления данной категории, чем принятое в базовых учебниках приписывание формам совершенного вида значений «однократность» и «результат», а также семантический признак «изменение ситуации», а формам несовершенного вида – значений «факт», «процесс» и «повторяемость». Дело в том, что ряд граммем не противоречат друг другу (процес с и повторяемость; факт и результат), а сами эти граммемы проявляются в видовременных формах не любых глаголов, а только у глаголов определенных семантических (аспектуальных) классов.Область применения результатов исследования. Результаты исследования актуальны для лингводидактического описания глагольного вида как одной из категорий (функционально-грамматической), предназначенной для выражения универсально-языковых значений аспектуальности, и для оптимизации преподавания РКИ китайским учащимся и создания грамматики глагольного вида в педагогических целях.
<p><strong>Mochary example: how the highest European local species richness of pimpliform ichneumonid parasitoids (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae, Poemeniinae and Rhyssinae) is under threat of disappearance in the Carpathian forests</strong></p>
Authors: VARGA OLEKSANDR 
Published: November 2019

A small forest patch (approx. 250 ha) of the Ukrainian Carpathian forest revealed an unexpected diversity of ichneumonid parasitoids: 95 species of Pimplinae, Poemeniinae and Rhyssinae), comprising appoximately 39 % of the total number of European species. This is the highest local species richness of the group ever recorded in Europe and one of the highest in the World. These results were obtained due to the use of a long-term multi-method sampling programme. Being extremely diverse and highly specialized ichneumonids (saproxylic parasitoids especially) are relatively vulnerable to habitat destruction and endangered because of deforestation. This is important for conservation of natural Carpathian forests and understanding the requirements for further study and estimation of the studied group species richness. Key words: Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae, Rhyssinae, Poemeniinae, parasitoids, species richness, conservation, Ukraine
Thrombotic Storm With Budd-Chiari Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Josyabhatla Rohit , Hsu Diane , McGuire Michael , D'Mello Sharon 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Ulcerative colitis is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic phenomena. Thrombotic storm defined by the development of multiple thrombi in multiple locations within a short period of time is a rare condition that is potentially life threatening. We present a 14-year-old adolescent boy with an ulcerative colitis flare complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome and thrombotic storm.
Bacterial Endocarditis Following Deep Enteroscopy: Is Prophylaxis Warranted?
Authors: Ferm Samson , Siu Michael K. , Chhetry Minar , Jacobson Ira M. , Tay Steven , Rubin Moshe 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The development of bacterial endocarditis as a result of endoscopic interventions within the gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly rare. Antibiotic prophylaxis for endoscopic procedures is generally not warranted, except for certain high-risk patients. Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a common endoscopic procedure for evaluation of the small bowel. Bacterial endocarditis secondary to DBE has not been previously described. We describe the first case of enterococcal endocarditis attributed to DBE in a patient with a history of stage 1 primary biliary cholangitis.
Primary Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Hughes Brett , Habib Naomi , Chuang Keng-Yu 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an exceedingly rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with fewer than 10 cases reported in the literature. We present a 64-year-old woman who presented with a pancreatic head mass, causing acute pancreatitis, which was eventually diagnosed as an anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The disease is very responsive to chemotherapy, further highlighting the importance of early recognition and treatment.
Thinking Outside the Box: Visualization of an Ectopic Stomach via Surgically Advanced Endoscopy at Site of Intussusception
Authors: Hazan Sabine 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a case of an ectopic stomach visualized intraoperatively at the site of intestinal intussusception via surgeon-assisted advancement of the endoscope. Heterotopic gastric mucosa, also known as an ectopic stomach, refers to the discovery of gastric tissues in an organ or tissue distinct from, and without vascular or anatomical continuity with, the main body of the normal stomach. In our case, an 18-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with jejunal intussusception. During emergency laparotomy, a large pedunculated mass was visualized and later confirmed histopathologically to be an ectopic stomach.
Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage due to Epstein-Barr Virus Colitis
Authors: Denicola Richard P. , Coben Robert , Katz Leo , McCue Peter A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpesvirus family that is associated with various disease manifestations, including EBV-associated colitis. There are few case reports describing hemorrhage associated with EBV colitis. We report a 61-year-old woman with acute gastrointestinal bleeding due to EBV colitis after initiation of methylprednisolone and enoxaparin for spinal cord infarction. To our knowledge, there are only a few case reports of hemorrhagic EBV colitis. Perhaps we need to have a higher suspicion for EBV in cases of colitis associated with hemorrhage even in relatively immunocompetent patients.