bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normalisation of Patella Alta with MPFL Reconstruction Reduces the Prevalence of Risk Factors Associated With Recurrent Patella Dislocations - A Prospective Cross Sectional Study
Authors: SHIH SHANNON , KUO CHUNG LIANG , LEE DAVE 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Patella alta is a well-established risk factor for recurrent lateral patella dislocations. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has been shown to consistently reduce patella height. Our hypothesis is that MPFL reconstruction reduces the number of risk factors for recurrent dislocations through the correction of patella alta, resulting in a decreased risk of recurrence.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional case series of 33 knees which underwent MPFL reconstruction for lateral patella dislocations. Information on patellar height utilising the Insall-Salvati (IS) and Caton-Deschamps (CD) ratios, Tibial Tuberosity–Trochlear Groove (TT-TG) distance, trochlear dysplasia, and outcome scores were recorded pre-operatively and post-operatively. The mean change in patella height and the number of knees which achieved normalisation of patella alta were determined. Student’s paired samples T-tests were used to compare the differences in the means scores of the groups pre-operatively and post-operatively. The McNemar test for paired categorical data was used to compare the number of the patella alta corrected after MPFL reconstruction. A pre-determined significance of alpha level of 0.05 was used.Results: The mean age of 33 patients included in the study was 21.5 years (range, 16 – 34 years). There was statistically significant reduction in patella height between pre-operative and post-operative measurements using the various patella height indices for all patients (p<0.001), and normalisation of patella alta (CD ≥1.3) for 90% of patients post-operatively (p<0.004). One third of patients 33.3% had at least 3 risk factors pre-operatively. This was reduced to 18.2% after MPFL reconstruction, representing a 45.5% decrease. A statistically significant improvement in the outcome scores was found – Kujala score 57.1 ± 14.1 pre-operatively to 94.8 ± 5.1 post-operatively (p<0.0001). The recurrent dislocation rate was 3.0%.Conclusion: MPFL reconstruction for lateral patella dislocation results in a statistically significant improvement in clinical outcomes and decrease in patellar height ratios. Normalisation of abnormal patella height culminated in the reduction of anatomical risk factors associated with recurrent dislocations.
Malignancy in Non-HIV Infected Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Cao Liping , Wang Yijie , Liu Jia , Dong Qing , Liang Chunling , Jiang Ying , Peng Fuhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) was found to be coexist with malignancy in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of CM in non-HIV infected patients with malignancy.Methods: A total of 320 CM patients were enrolled for analysis from January 2013-May 2019. One hundred and four patients underwent positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) examination. The demographics, clinical characteristics, microbiological, radiological, therapeutic outcomes were analyzed in CM patients with and without malignancy.Results: Twelve patients with malignancy were found, of which 7 malignancy before CM (MBC), 5 malignancy after CM (MAC). CM patients with malignancy were older than non-malignancy ones. The prognosis of MBC patients was comparable to that of non-malignancy patients, but was extremely poor in MAC patients. Four out of 5 CM patients, who was suggested diagnosis as malignancy by PET-CT, were finally confirmed.Conclusions: This study found an increase rate of solid malignancies in CM patients. Screening malignancy in older CM patients was very important because it is closely related to prognosis and might affect treatment strategy. PET-CT might be a useful tool for early malignancy screening in CM.
The Mechanism Study of Xiao-Xian-Xiong Decoction in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis with Network Pharmacology
Authors: Xiao Liucheng , Li Zonghuan , Fan Chongyuan , Zhu Chenggong , Ma Xingyu , Yu Rong , Xie Xuejiao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction is a useful formula in the treatment of atherosclerosis in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Methods: In this study, we conducted the method of network pharmacology and molecular docking to discover the mechanism of Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction against atherosclerosis. Then, we validated the function of Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction in atherosclerosis in vitro. We investigated the function and mechanism of Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells.Results: We identified 213 targets of Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction and 331 targets of atherosclerosis. The PPI networks of Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction and atherosclerosis were constructed. Furthermore, the two PPI networks were merged and the core PPI network was obtained. Then, functional enrichment analysis was conducted with GO and KEGG signaling pathway analysis. KEGG analysis indicated Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction was correlated with ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway, PI3K-AKT pathway, MAPK pathway, Notch signaling pathway, and TGF-β signaling pathway. At last, we validated the function of Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction with atherosclerosis in vitro. Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction reduced lipid accumulation and promoted the outflow of cholesterol in RAW264.7-derived foam cells. Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction increased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein in foam cells. ABCA1 and ABCG1 were related with regulation of the inflammatory pathway and cell proliferation in atherosclerosis.Conclusions: Combined the mechanism of available treatments of atherosclerosis, we inferred Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction could alleviate atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammatory response and cell proliferation.
Scores based on neutrophil percentage and lactate dehydrogenase with or without oxygen saturation predict the risk of hospital mortality in severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Fan Xiude , Zhu Bin , Nouri-Vaskeh Masoud , Jiang Chunguo , Feng Xiaokai , Poulsen Kyle , Baradaran Behzad , Fang Jiansong , Ade Erfan Ahmadi , Sharifi Akbar , Zhao Zhigang , Zhang Yong , Zhang Liming , Liu Zhengwen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background. Risk scores are urgently needed to assist clinicians in predicting the risk of death in severe patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of millions of people infected, rapid disease progression, and shortage of medical resources.Method. A total of 139 severe patients with SARS-CoV-2 from China and Iran were included. Using data from China (training dataset, n = 96), prediction models were developed based on logistic regression models, nomogram and risk scoring system for simplification. Leave-one-out cross validation was used for internal validation and data from Iran (test dataset, n = 43) for external validation. Results. The NSL model (Area under the curve (AUC) 0.932) and NL model (AUC 0.903) were developed based on neutrophil percentage (NE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with or without oxygen saturation (SaO2) using the training dataset. Compared with the training dataset, the predictability of NSL model (AUC 0.910) and NL model (AUC 0.871) were similar in the test dataset. The risk scoring systems corresponding to these two models were established for clinical application. The AUCs of the NSL and NL scores were 0.928 and 0.901 in the training dataset, respectively. At the optimal cut-off value of NSL score, the sensitivity was 94% and specificity was 82%. In addition, for NL score, the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 75%, respectively.Conclusion. NSL and NL score are straightforward means for clinicians to predict the risk of death in severe patients. NL score could be used in selected regions where patients’ SaO2 cannot be tested.
BAFF&nbsp;Predicts Immunogenicity in Older Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With TNF&nbsp;Inhibitors
Authors: Hernández-Breijo Borja , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Plasencia-Rodríguez Chamaida , Parodis Ioannis , Gehin Johanna E. , Martínez-Feito Ana , Novella-Navarro Marta , Mezcua Araceli , Warren David J. , Nozal Pilar , Pascual-Salcedo Dora , Balsa Alejandro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Immunogenicity related to treatment with TNF inhibitors (TNFi) is one of the causes for the decreased attainment of clinical response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The B-cell activating factor (BAFF) may be playing a role in the development of immunogenicity. The objective of this study was to analyse the association of baseline concentration of serum BAFF with immunogenicity after 6 months of TNFi treatment.Methods: A total of 139 patients with RA starting a TNFi (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol or golimumab) were followed-up for 6 months. Serum samples were obtained at baseline and at 6 months and anti-drug antibody (ADA) and BAFF concentrations were measured. Logistic regression models were employed in order to analyse the association between BAFF concentrations and immunogenicity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the BAFF concentrations with a greater likelihood of showing immunogenicity association.Results: At 6 months, 39 patients (28%) developed ADA. A significant interaction between the age and baseline BAFF concentration was found for the development of ADA (Wald chi-square value=5.30; p=0.02); therefore, subsequent results were stratified according to mean age (≤/>55 years). Baseline serum BAFF concentration was independently associated with ADA development only in patients over 55 years (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.03-2.12). Baseline serum BAFF≥1034pg/mL predicted the presence of ADA at 6 months (positive likelihood ratio=3.7).Conclusions: Our results suggest that the association of BAFF concentration and immunogenicity depends on the patient’s age. Baseline serum BAFF concentration predicts the presence of ADA within 6 months of TNFi therapy in older patients with RA.
Visualizations of Multiple Probability Measures for SARS-CoV-2 Genomes
Authors: Yao Tan , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 genomes are collected from various open source genomic banks. A set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes are selected for visualization under both the A3 and C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Multiple probability measures are mapped as relevant 1D histograms, and it is convenient to observe distinct differences among various distributions to organize similar patterns into relevant groups. Sample genomes were processed, and their visual results were illustrated.
Analysis SARS-CoV-2 Genomes of G20 Areas on Phylogeny Tree, t-SNE based on Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Renyang , Qiao Mu , Alima  , Zheng Jeffrey , Zhou Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out earlier in Wuhan, and the plague spread rapidly from multiple resources of different countries. COVID-19 has caused millions of diagnosed people worldwide, causing many deaths and posing a severe threat to public health in countries around the world. Facing this urgent situation, in-depth research on the emerging SARS-CoV-2 to understand the related pathogenic mechanism and epidemiological characteristics is urgent. This type of activity would be useful to determine its origin to formulate effective prevention and treatment strategies for affected patients.This paper adopts t-SNE based on machine learning to draw a phylogenetic tree from collected genomic sequences to analyze G20 countries’ samples. The phylogenetic tree of the generating mechanism was described, and intermediate results were illustrated. The results of this research showed that viruses in many countries have similar or similar relationships among the gene sequences.
Exploratory study of how cognitive multisensory rehabilitation restores parietal operculum connectivity and improves upper limb movements in chronic stroke&nbsp;
Authors: Winckel Ann Van de , Patre Daniele De , Rigoni Marco , Fiecas Marc , Hendrickson Timothy J , Larson Mia , Jagadeesan Bharathi D , Mueller Byron A , Elvendahl Wendy , Streib Christopher , Ikramuddin Farha , Lim Kelvin O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cognitive multisensory rehabilitation (CMR) is a promising therapy for upper limb recovery in stroke, but the brain mechanisms are unknown. We previously demonstrated that the parietal operculum (parts OP1/OP4) is activated with CMR exercises. In this exploratory study, we assessed the baseline difference between OP1/OP4 functional connectivity (FC) in the brain at rest in stroke versus healthy adults to then explore whether CMR affects OP1/OP4 connectivity and motor recovery after stroke.We recruited 8 adults with chronic stroke and left hemiplegia/paresis and 22 healthy adults. Resting-state FC with the OP1/OP4 region-of-interest in the affected hemisphere was analysed before and after 6 weeks of CMR. We evaluated sensorimotor function and activities of daily life pre- and post-CMR, and at 1-year post-CMR.We found decreased FC between the right OP1/OP4 and 34 areas distributed across all lobes in stroke versus healthy adults. After CMR, only four areas had decreased FC compared to healthy adults. Participants improved on motor function (MESUPES, p=0.03; Fugl-Meyer, p=0.006), with those improvements maintained at 1-year follow-up. Stereognosis and Frenchay test (both p=0.03) improved from pre-CMR to 1-year follow-up, suggesting enhancing sensorimotor recovery post-stroke by CMR. Our results from this exploratory study justify larger-scale studies.
Stresses of feller buncher on thinnings during technological moves
Authors: Александров В.А. , Александров А.В. , Гасымов Г.Ш. 
Published: September 2020

Разработана математическая модель динамической системы: «Валочно- пакетирующая машина – предмет труда – дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го рода. Система уравнений решена методом Рунге–Кутта, с помощью среды программирования MathCAD. Апробация модели осуществлена на примере серийно выпускаемых валочно-пакетирующих машин ЛП – 19А в режимах разгона и стопорения. Установлено, что динамическая нагрузка на технологическое оборудование при технологических переездах сопоставима с нагрузкой при обработке (пакетировании) дерева.
A mathematical model of a dynamic system has been developed: «The feller buncher – subject of labor – the tree». The mathematical description is made up in the form of the Lagrange equation of the 2nd kind. The system of equations is solved by the Runge–Kutta method, using the MathCAD programming environment. Approbation of the model is carried out on the example of the commercially available LP-19A feller buncher machines in acceleration and stopping modes. Concluded that the dynamic load on the process equipment during technological moves is comparable to the load during the processing (packaging) of the tree.
Some conditions for convergence of the method of iterations for solving a nonlinear equation
Authors: Федоренко Н.И. 
Published: September 2020

Одной из трудностей, возникающих в связи с использованием ветвящихся процессов для решения нелинейных уравнений является выполнение так называемых мажорантных условий, ответственных за существование и конечность математического ожидания оценок, построенных на траекториях ветвящегося процесса. Вопрос выполнения мажорантного условия тесно связан со сходимостью итерационного метода. В статье рассматриваются некоторые утверждения о сходимости метода итераций для решения нелинейного уравнения одного вида. На примере устанавливается меньшая ограничительность мажорантного условия, соответствующего полученным утверждениям.
One of the difficulties arising in connection with the use of branching processes for solving nonlinear equations is the fulfillment of the so-called majorant conditions responsible for the existence and finiteness of the mathematical expectation of estimates built on the trajectories of the branching process. The question of the fulfillment of the majorant condition related to the convergence of the iterative method. The article discusses some of the statements about the convergence of the iteration method for solving a nonlinear equation of the definite type. A less restrictive majorant condition is established on the example.
Water-physical properties of the soil of the Palace park in Gatchina
Authors: Полякова А.Ю. 
Published: September 2020

В статье рассматриваются физические и воднофизические показатели почв Дворцового парка. Исследованы семь участков парка, из которых четыре являются островами. Показано влияние насыпных и намывных почв на исследуемые воднофизические свойства. Определена плотность почвенных горизонтов, их влажность. Для интерпретации воднофизических показателей был произведен расчет средневзвешенной влажности. Для сравнения участков по степени увлажнения были посчитаны запасы воды в верхнем слое почвы толщиной 30 и 50 см. Определена вероятность затопления корнеобитаемых горизонтов почвы. Рассматривается связь показателей (плотность, уровень грунтовых вод) с вмешательством человека в парковую среду. Предлагается улучшение водного режима почв методом подсыпки плодородного грунта на острова и в пониженные участки парка, планирование реставрации с элементами реконструкции.
The article deals with the physical and waterphysical indicators of the soils of the Palace Park. Seven sites of the park, four of which are islands, were explored. The influence of bulk and alluvial soils on the studied waterphysical properties is shown. The density and the humidity of soil horizons has been determined. To interpret the waterphysical parameters, the weighted average humidity was calculated. For the comparing of the plots according to the degree of moisture the water reserves in the top soil layer with a thickness of 30 cm and 50 cm were calculated. The probability of flooding of rootoccupied soil horizons was determined. The relationship of indicators (density, groundwater level) with human intervention in the park environment is considered. It is proposed to improve the water regime of the soil by adding fertile soil to the islands and to lower areas of the park, also the planning of the restoration with elements of reconstruction is offered.
Optimization location of forest fire stations
Authors: Тюрин Н.А. , Громская Л.Я. , Антонова Т.С. , Зубова О.В. , Силецкий В.В. 
Published: September 2020

В статье рассматривается вопрос размещения лесных пожарнохимических станций с целью минимизации времени прибытия к месту тушения лесных пожаров. Предложена математическая модель и методика рационального территориального местоположения пожарнохимических станций, которая позволяет найти такие координаты местоположения пожарнохимической станции, которые обеспечивают минимум расстояний от станции до объектов охраны и соблюдение нормативов времени доставки сил и средств пожаротушения до участков леса, соответствующих классам их природной пожарной опасности с учетом транспортной инфраструктуры. Задача оптимизации решена методом нелинейного программирования в надстройке MS Excel Поиск решения на примере учебноопытного лесничества Ленинградской области. Предложенная методика может быть рекомендована для проектирования регионального противопожарного обустройства лесов и проектирования лесной инфраструктуры, в том числе лесных дорог противопожарного назначения.
The article deals with the placement of forest firechemical stations in order to minimize the time of arrival at the place of extinguishing forest fires. A mathematical model and method of rational territorial location of firechemical stations, which allows you to find such coordinates of the firechemical station location, which provide a minimum amount of distances from the station to the objects of protection and compliance with the standards of the delivery time of forces and firefighting equipment to the forest areas corresponding to the classes of their natural fire danger, taking into account the transport infrastructure. The optimization problem is solved by the method of nonlinear programming in the addin MS Excel Solver on the example of the experimental forestry in Leningrad region. The method can be recommended for the design of regional firefighting arrangement of forests, for the forest infrastructure design, including forest fire roads.
Phyllophagous arthropods of lime trees in the Summer Garden after its restoration
Authors: Жукова Е.А. 
Published: September 2020

Липы (р. Tilia) в Летнем саду составляют 95,4 от общего количества деревьев. С 2012 г. проводится мониторинг состояния древеснокустарниковой растительности сада и лип в частности. На липах отмечено 29 видов филлофагов, но значимые повреждения наносят только 9 видов, а степень их повреждения зависит от погодных условий. Так, в некоторые годы отмечалось массовое размножение Eriophyes leiosoma Nalepa (преимущественно на молодых деревьях), Operophtera brumata L., Erannis defoliaria Clerck, Cosmia trapezina L., Caliroa annulipes Klug, Eucallipterus tiliae Schrank, а в другие заметное снижение их численности. Отмечено, что на старовозрастных экземплярах преобладают повреждения Schizotetranychus telarius L. и Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata. Тем не менее, на молодых экземплярах лип, высаженных в шпалеры и берсо, несмотря на высокую встречаемость благодаря мероприятиям по уходу степень повреждения насекомыми с 2014 г. снизилась и не превышает 10, а в некоторые годы отмечены лишь единичные повреждения. Массовое размножение Bucculatrix thoracella Thunberg на высаженных липах в шпалерах и берсо, отмечаемое с 2011 г., снизилось к 2014 г. до единичных находок и в последующие года не превышало 10. Встречаемость остальных видов составила преимущественно 5 10, а повреждения, наносимые ими, как правило, единичны.
Lime trees (genus Tilia) make 95.4 of the trees in the Summer Garden, SaintPetersburg. The monitoring of the state of trees and shrubs in the garden with lime trees in particular has been carried out since 2012. There are 29 species of phyllophages on lime trees, however only 9 species cause significant damage and the damage rate depends on the weather conditions. For instance, in some years, there was a mass reproduction of Eriophyes leiosoma Nalepa (mainly on young trees), Operophtera brumata L., Erannis defoliaria Clerck, Cosmia trapezina L., Caliroa annulipes Klug, and Eucallipterus tiliae Schrank, while in other years there was a noticeable decline in these species abundance. It is noted that in oldage lime trees damage is mostly caused by Schizotetranychus telarius L. and Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata. However, on young specimens planted in the trellises and berceaux, despite the high occurrence of the phyllophages, due to care measures the damage rate decreased since 2014 and have not exceeded 10. Moreover, in some years only isolated injuries were noted. The mass reproduction of Bucculatrix thoracella Thunberg on the planted lime trees in the trellises and berceaux, observed since 2011, decreased by 2014 to single occurences and did not exceed 10 in the following years. The occurrence of other species is mainly 5 10, and the damage caused by them is usually sporadic.