bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric study on the geometrical parameters of a lab-on-a-chip platform with tilted planar electrodes for continuous dielectrophoretic manipulation of microparticles
Authors: Dalili Arash , Taatizadeh Erfan , Tahmooressi Hamed , Tasnim Nishat , Rellstab-Sánchez Pamela Inés , Shaunessy Matthew , Najjaran Homayoun , Hoorfar Mina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvances in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices have led to significant improvements in the on-chip manipulation, separation, sorting, and isolation of particles and cells. Among various LOC-based approaches such as inertia-based methods, acoustophoresis, and magnetophoresis, the planar-slanted-electrode dielectrophoresis (DEP) method has demonstrated great potential as a label-free, cost-effective, and user-friendly approach. However, the devices built based on this method suffer from low flow throughput compared to devices functioning based on other LOC-based manipulation approaches. In order to overcome this obstacle, the geometrical parameters of these types of DEP-based devices must be studied to increase the effectiveness of DEP manipulation. With the consideration of both numerical and experimental studies, this paper studies the geometrical factors of a LOC platform consisting of tilted planar electrodes with the goal of achieving higher throughput in continuous manipulation of polystyrene particles. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to study the effect of the electrodes geometry on the induced electric field. The simulation results show that by increasing the electrode’s width and decreasing the electrode’s spacing, higher DEP force is generated. Furthermore, the experimental outcomes indicated that lower channel height, higher voltage, and larger particle size resulted in the most improvement to DEP manipulation. Additionally, the experimental results demonstrated that slanted electrodes with an angle of 8° with respect to the direction of flow provide a more effective configuration.
Plutonium aided reconstruction of caesium atmospheric fallout in European topsoils
Authors: Meusburger Katrin , Evrard Olivier , Alewell Christine , Borrelli Pasquale , Cinelli Giorgia , Ketterer Michael , Mabit Lionel , Panagos Panos , van Oost Kristof , Ballabio Cristiano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobal nuclear weapon testing and the Chernobyl accident have released large amounts of radionuclides into the environment. However, to date, the spatial patterns of these fallout sources remain poorly constrained. Fallout radionuclides (137Cs,239Pu,240Pu) were measured in soil samples (n = 160) collected at flat, undisturbed grasslands in Western Europe in the framework of a harmonised European soil survey. We show that both fallout sources left a specific radionuclide imprint in European soils. Accordingly, we used plutonium to quantify contributions of global versus Chernobyl fallout to137Cs found in European soils. Spatial prediction models allowed for a first assessment of the global versus Chernobyl fallout pattern across national boundaries. Understanding the magnitude of these fallout sources is crucial not only to establish a baseline in case of future radionuclide fallout but also to define a baseline for geomorphological reconstructions of soil redistribution due to soil erosion processes.
Photosensitive and pH-dependent activity of pyrazine-functionalized carbazole derivative as promising antifungal and imaging agent
Authors: Chylewska Agnieszka , Dąbrowska Aleksandra M. , Ramotowska Sandra , Maciejewska Natalia , Olszewski Mateusz , Bagiński Maciej , Makowski Mariusz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCarbazole skeleton plays a significant role as a structural scaffold of many pharmacologically active compounds. Pyrazine-functionalized carbazole derivative was constructed by coupling 2-amino-5-bromo-3-methylaminepyrazine (ABMAP) into 3 and 6 positions of the carbazole ring. Multi-experimental methods were used, e.g., potentiometric, spectroscopic (ATR, UV, XRD powder,1H and13C NMR), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry), and optical techniques, to receive the complete structural analysis, physicochemical (pKa, logP) and biological profile of a new carbazole derivative with acronym 3,6-PIRAMICAR. The interaction ability of the compound studied with potential cellular targets like Calf Thymus DNA (CT-DNA), or Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were also taken into account. Experiments showed the existence of strong binding, but no DNA or BSA cleavage was observed. The comparative analyzes of compounds anti-Candida action clearly show pH-dependent antifungal activity of 3,6-PIRAMICAR, which was strongly stimulated in the acidic media. Surprisingly, the titled compound turn out to be much more effective (14 times by MIC50; 8 times by MIC; c.a. 4 times by MFC) against Candida krusei than fluconazole at pH 4.
Metabolomic analysis of primary human skeletal muscle cells during myogenic progression
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kumar Yashwant , Sevak Jayesh Kumar , Kumar Sonu , Kumar Niraj , Gopinath Suchitra Devi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscle constitutes more than 30% of total body mass using substrates such as glycogen, glucose, free fatty acids, and creatinine phosphate to generate energy. Consequently, multinucleated myofibers and resident mononucleated stem cells (satellite cells) generate several metabolites, which enter into circulation affecting the function of other organs, especially during exercise and atrophy. The present study was aimed at building a comprehensive profile of metabolites in primary human skeletal muscle cells during myogenic progression in an untargeted metabolomics approach using a high resolution Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer. Identification of metabolites with multivariate statistical analyses showed a global shift in metabolomic profiles between myoblasts undergoing proliferation and differentiation along with distinctly separable profiles between early and late differentiating cultures. Pathway analyses of 71 unique metabolites revealed that Pantothenate metabolism and Coenzyme A biosynthesis and Arginine Proline metabolism play dominant roles in proliferating myoblasts, while metabolites involved in vitamin B6, Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate, Nitrogen, Glutathione, and Tryptophan metabolism were upregulated during differentiation. We found that early and late differentiating cultures displayed differences in Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Glycine, Serine and Threonine metabolism. Our results identify metabolites during maturation of muscle from progenitor myoblasts that have implications in muscle regeneration and pathophysiology.
Body composition analysis using CT and MRI: intra-individual intermodal comparison of muscle mass and myosteatosis
Authors: Faron Anton , Sprinkart Alois M. , Kuetting Daniel L. R. , Feisst Andreas , Isaak Alexander , Endler Christoph , Chang Johannes , Nowak Sebastian , Block Wolfgang , Thomas Daniel , Attenberger Ulrike , Luetkens Julian A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can quantify muscle mass and quality. However, it is still unclear if CT and MRI derived measurements can be used interchangeable. In this prospective study, fifty consecutive participants of a cancer screening program underwent same day low-dose chest CT and MRI. Cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the paraspinal skeletal muscles were obtained. CT and MRI muscle fat infiltration (MFI) were assessed by mean radiodensity in Hounsfield units (HU) and proton density fat fraction (MRIPDFF), respectively. CSA and MFI were highly correlated between CT and MRI (CSA: r = 0.93, P < 0.001; MFI: r = − 0.90, P < 0.001). Mean CSA was higher in CT compared to MRI (46.6cm2 versus 43.0cm2; P = 0.05) without significance. Based on MRIPDFF, a linear regression model was established to directly estimate skeletal muscle fat content from CT. Bland–Altman plots showed a difference between measurements of − 0.5 cm2 to 7.6 cm2 and − 4.2% to 2.4% regarding measurements of CSA and MFI, respectively. In conclusion, the provided results indicate interchangeability of CT and MRI derived imaging biomarkers of skeletal muscle quantity and quality. Comparable to MRIPDFF, skeletal muscle fat content can be quantified from CT, which might have an impact of analyses in larger cohort studies, particularly in sarcopenia patients.
Understanding the marginal distributions and correlations of link travel speeds in road networks
Authors: Guo Feng , Gu Xin , Guo Zhaoxia , Dong Yucheng , Wallace Stein W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLink travel speeds in road networks are essential data for a variety of research problems in logistics, transportation, and traffic management. Real-world link travel speeds are stochastic, and highly dependent on speeds in previous time periods and neighboring road links. To understand how link travel speeds vary over space and time, we uncover their distributions, their space- and/or time-dependent correlations, as well as partial correlations, based on link travel speed datasets from an urban road network and a freeway network. We find that more than 90% (57%) of travel speeds are normally distributed in the urban road (freeway) network, and that correlations generally decrease with increased distance in time and space. We also investigate if and how different types of road links affect marginal distributions and correlations. The results show that different road link types produce quite similar marginal distributions and correlations. Finally, we study marginal distributions and correlations in a freeway network. Except that the marginal distribution and time correlation are different from the urban road network, others are similar.
Defect structure evolution of polyacrylonitrile and single wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites: a molecular dynamics simulation approach
Authors: Heo So Jeong , Kim Kwang Ho , Han Byungchan , Chae Han Gi , Lee Seung Geol 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to understand the defect structure development of polyacrylonitrile-single wall carbon nanotube (PAN-SWNT) nanocomposites. Three different models (control PAN, PAN-SWNT(5,5), and PAN-SWNT(10,10)) with a SWNT concentration of 5 wt% for the nanocomposites were tested to study under large extensional deformation to the strain of 100% to study the corresponding mechanical properties. Upon deformation, the higher stress was observed in both nanocomposite systems as compared to the control PAN, indicating effective reinforcement. The higher Young’s (4.76 ± 0.24 GPa) and bulk (4.19 ± 0.25 GPa) moduli were observed when the smaller-diameter SWNT(5,5) was used, suggesting that SWNT(5,5) resists stress better. The void structure formation was clearly observed in PAN-SWNT(10,10), while the nanocomposite with smaller diameter SWNT(5,5) did not show the development of such a defect structure. In addition, the voids at the end of SWNT(10,10) became larger in the drawing direction with increasing deformation.
Tall fescue sward structure affects the grazing process of sheep
Authors: Szymczak Leonardo Silvestri , de Moraes Anibal , Sulc Reuben Mark , Monteiro Alda Lucia Gomes , Lang Claudete R. , Moraes Renata Francieli , da Silva Delma Fabiola Ferreira , Bremm Carolina , de Faccio Carvalho Paulo César 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study of factors influencing animal intake can provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the pasture ecosystem and serve as a basis for managing livestock in a more efficient way. We measured different sward surface heights of tall fescue in the process of short-term intake rate of sheep. There was a significant effect of sward surface height on herbage mass (P < 0.001), leaf lamina mass (P < 0.001), other species mass (P = 0.02), bite mass (P = 0.01) and short-term intake rate (P = 0.03) of sheep. There was a quadratic fit between time per bite and bite mass (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that the short-term intake rate and bite mass were positively correlated (r = 0.97), bite rate and total jaw movement rate were positively correlated but both were negatively correlated with time per bite. The sward surface height of tall fescue corresponding to the maximum short-term herbage intake rate was 22.3 cm. The underlying processes were driven by the bite mass, which was influenced by the leaf lamina bulk density and its consequences upon time per bite. This sward surface height can be adopted as a pre-grazing target for rotational stocking systems to optimize sheep nutrition on pastures.
Gene expression profiling identifies the role of Zac1 in cervical cancer metastasis
Authors: Su Hui-Chen , Wu Sheng-Cheng , Yen Li-Chen , Chiao Li-Kang , Wang Jehng-Kang , Chiu Yi-Lin , Ho Ching-Liang , Huang Shih-Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe zinc-finger protein which regulates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest 1 (Zac1), encoded by Plagl1 gene, is a seven-zinc-finger containing transcription factor belonging to the imprinted genome and is expressed in diverse types of embryonic and adult human tissues. Zac1 is postulated to be a tumor suppressor by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through interacting and modulating transcriptional activity of p53 as it was named. Correspondingly, the reduction or loss of Zac1 expression is associated with the incidence and progression of several human tumors, including cervical cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pituitary tumors, and basal cell carcinoma, implying the rationality of utilizing Zac1 expression as novel a biomarker for the evaluation of cervical cancer prognosis. However, to date, it has not been elucidated whether Zac1 expression is related to the prognosis of patients in clinical cervical cancer tumor samples. To address the questions outlined above, we report here a comprehensive investigation of Zac1 expression in biopsies of clinical cervical carcinoma. By analyzing Zac1 expression in various gene expression profiling of cervical cancer databases, we show the association between high Zac1 expression and poor prognosis of cervical cancer. Functional enrichment analysis showed that high Zac1 expression was associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was further observed in clinical characteristics and metastatic carcinoma samples using immunohistochemical staining. Correspondingly, hypomethylation of CpG island on Zac1 promoter was observed in samples with high Zac1 expression in cervical carcinoma. Finally, overexpression of Zac1 in a variety of cervical cancer cell lines increase their mesenchymal biomarker expression and migration, strengthening the correlation between cervical cancers with high Zac1 expression and metastasis in clinical. In summary, this research firstly revealed that identifying Zac1 expression or the methylation status of CpG site on Zac1 promoter may provide us with novel indicators for the evaluation of cervical cancer metastasis.
Validation of virtual reality orbitometry bridges digital and physical worlds
Authors: Maloca Peter M. , Faludi Balázs , Zelechowski Marek , Jud Christoph , Vollmar Theo , Hug Sibylle , Müller Philipp L. , de Carvalho Emanuel Ramos , Zarranz-Ventura Javier , Reich Michael , Lange Clemens , Egan Catherine , Tufail Adnan , Hasler Pascal W. , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Cattin Philippe C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClinical science and medical imaging technology are traditionally displayed in two dimensions (2D) on a computer monitor. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) expands the realm of 2D image visualization, enabling an immersive VR experience with unhindered spatial interaction by the user. Thus far, analysis of data extracted from VR applications was mainly qualitative. In this study, we enhance VR and provide evidence for quantitative VR research by validating digital VR display of computed tomography (CT) data of the orbit. Volumetric CT data were transferred and rendered into a VR environment. Subsequently, seven graders performed repeated and blinded diameter measurements. The intergrader variability of the measurements in VR was much lower compared to measurements in the physical world and measurements were reasonably consistent with their corresponding elements in the real context. The overall VR measurements were 5.49% higher. As such, this study attests the ability of VR to provide similar quantitative data alongside the added benefit of VR interfaces. VR entails a lot of potential for the future research in ophthalmology and beyond in any scientific field that uses three-dimensional data.
Role of endothelial glycocalyx in sliding friction at the catheter-blood vessel interface
Authors: Lin Chengxiong , Kaper Hans J. , Li Wei , Splinter Robert , Sharma Prashant Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCatheterization is a common medical operation to diagnose and treat cardiovascular diseases. The blood vessel lumen is coated with endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL), which is important for the permeability and diffusion through the blood vessels wall, blood hemodynamics and mechanotransduction. However EGL’s role in catheter-blood vessel friction is not explored. We use a porcine aorta to mimic the blood vessel and a catheter loop was made to rub in reciprocating sliding mode against it to understand the role of catheter loop curvature, stiffness, normal load, sliding speed and EGL on the friction properties. Trypsin treatment was used to cause a degradation of the EGL. Decrease in catheter loop stiffness and EGL degradation were the strongest factors which dramatically increased the coefficient of friction (COF) and frictional energy dissipation at the aorta-catheter interface. Increasing sliding speed caused an increase but increase in normal load first caused a decrease and then an increase in the COF and frictional energy. These results provide the basic data for safety of operation and damage control during catheterization in patients with degraded EGL.
Long non-coding RNA PRNCR1 modulates non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and EMT through PRNCR1/miR-126-5p/MTDH axis
Authors: Guo Ran , Hu Tongchen , Liu Yanheng , He Yinzai , Cao Yanling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly malignant tumor. Accumulating evidence suggested that prostate cancer non-coding RNA 1 (PRNCR1) participated in the pathogenesis of NSCLC, whereas the elaborate mechanism remains unclear. Hence, the role of PRNCR1 in the progression of NSCLC was investigated.
Methods: Levels of PRNCR1, microRNA-126-5p (miR-126-5p), and metadherin (MTDH) were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Flow cytometry was conducted to determine cell apoptosis. Besides, transwell assay was performed to detect cell migration and invasion in NSCLC cells. The expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and MTDH were detected via Western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull down assays were employed to verify the relationship between miR-126-5p and PRNCR1 or MTDH.
Results: PRNCR1 and MTDH levels were highly expressed, while miR-126-5p expression was lowly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of PRNCR1 promoted cell apoptosis, impeded proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC cells, and these effects were abrogated by its target gene of miR-126-5p inhibitor. Moreover, MTDH as the target of PRNCR1, its overexpression reversed the impacts of miR-126-5p mimic on cell behaviors and EMT in vitro. Finally, PRNCR1 and miR-126-5p regulated MTDH expression.
Conclusion: PRNCR1 modified cell behaviors and EMT via miR-126-5p/MTDH axis in NSCLC cells, providing a novel thinking for clinical treatment of NSCLC.
Derivational Morphology Bridges Phonology and Orthography: Insights Into the Development of Word-Specific Spellings by Superior, Average, and Poor Spellers
Authors: Bahr Ruth Huntley , Silliman Elaine R. , Berninger Virginia W. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeMorphology, which is a bridge between phonology and orthography, plays an important role in the development of word-specific spellings. This study, which employed longitudinal sampling of typically developing students in Grades 3, 4, and 5, explored how the misspellings of words with derivational suffixes shed light on the interplay of phonological, orthographic, and morphological (POM) linguistic features as students learn to integrate POM features appropriately to generate correct spellings.MethodSixty typically developing Grade 3 students were tested using the Spelling subtest from the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test–Second Edition (Wechsler, 2001) and were divided into superior, average, and poor spellers. Students' spelling skill was then assessed using the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test–Second Edition annually for another 2 years. Misspelled derivations from these three testing sessions were analyzed for linguistic feature errors and error complexity/severity. Differences in the integration of POM features across spelling ability levels at Grades 3–5 were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis analyses of variance.ResultsLongitudinal results demonstrated POM integration for the development of word-specific spellings involving derivational morphology was in its initial stages over Grades 3–5 and was influenced by spelling ability level. Information from a qualitative analysis revealed considerable variability in how students applied their POM knowledge to spell complex derivations.ConclusionsWord-specific spellings draw on multiple linguistic codes—P, O, and M—and their interconnections. It involves more than an understanding of orthographic rules. Rather, accurate spelling develops through an increased understanding of the phoneme–grapheme relationships as facilitated by the identification of word parts (base + or − affixes) in written language. Educational and clinical implications are discussed.
Preparing, Planning, and Executing a Successful Short-Term Study Abroad Program: A Case Study—Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences in India
Authors: Krishnan Lata A. , Sundaram Saumya , Sreekumar Sita , Thammaiah Spoorthi , Mitra Gita 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the development and execution of the Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences in India service learning (SL) study abroad program. It includes the perspectives of the faculty leader from the United States and of the faculty and staff from the community partner organizations in India.

Method
The development of the program utilized an SL model and occurred over the course of 1 year of planning and discussions with three primary community partner organizations in India, and the program has been offered in the summer of 2018 and 2019.

Results
Program planning and development, program activities, as well as benefits and challenges are described. Feedback from community partners and qualitative comments from participants are included.

Conclusion
A short-term SL study abroad program can be mutually beneficial with careful planning that includes input from community partners in the destination country.