bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Carotenoids Content and Assessment of Carotene Profile by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Selected Vegetables of Bangladesh with Special Reference to Some Unconventional Varieties
Authors: Sams Samia , Alam Mohammad Khairul , Ahsan Monira , Islam Sheikh Nazrul 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Carotenoids are natural plant pigments and precursors of vitamin A,
which provide a health benefit, protect against chronic degenerative diseases, and contribute to immune
functions. Utilization and identification of foods with a high content of carotenoids received
greater attention nowadays.

Objective:
The present study was aimed at evaluating total carotenoids content (TCC) and carotene
composition of unconventional leafy vegetables growing in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods:
The samples were collected from different locations of Bangladesh and
mixed together to ensure sample representativeness. Acetone–petroleum ether extraction followed
by spectrophotometric measurement was utilized for quantification of TCC. High-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC- DAD) was used to separate and quantify carotene components.

Results and Discussion:
The TCC values ranged from 129.38 μg/100 g edible portion (EP) in Helencha
to 12803.31 μg/100 g EP in Roktodrone. The study findings also revealed that the selected
plant samples exhibited high content of β-carotene ranging from 120.99 μg/100 g EP in Parul to
11301.16 μg/100 g EP in Roktodrone. It was also observed that most of the vegetables analyzed
did not have α-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin or it was in such a small quantity that could not
be detected with HPLC.

Conclusion:
It can be suggested that regular intake of these vegetables may provide pro-vitamin A.
In order to address the vitamin A deficiency and to maintain biodiversity, the analysis of
carotenoids composition of these unconventional plant foods is to be initiated and make it available
to the mass population. It would also fill up the data gap in the existing food composition table of
Bangladesh.
Onychomycosis: Current Understanding and Strategies for Enhancing Drug Delivery into Human Nail Tissue
Authors: Aslam Rabia , Hussain Talib , Yousaf Abid Mehmood , Ghori Muhammad U. , Khan Ikram U. , Rizvi Syed A.A. , Shahzad Yasser 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Onychomycosis is by far the most common finger or toe nail fungal infectious
disease caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytic molds or yeast. It accounts for 50% of
the total nail disorders, and affects patients physically, socially, and psychologically and can seriously
influence their quality of life.

Objectives:
Oral antifungals are routinely used to treat the nail fungal disease; however oral therapy
is associated with severe side effects and longer treatment times. In recent years, drug delivery
directly into the nail or nail bed has gained attention and various topical products have been tested
that can cure the disease when applied topically or transungually. Nevertheless, drug penetration into
and through the nail is not straightforward and requires chemicals to improve its permeability or
by applying physical stress to promote drug penetration into and through the nail. This lucid review
presents an overview of various causes of onychomycosis, current therapeutic approaches,
and efforts aimed at increasing the permeability of nails through various strategies such as chemical,
physical and mechanical methods for permeation enhancement.

Conclusion:
Various strategies have been proposed for the treatment of onychomycosis, however,
much research into a more precise and effective therapy is still required.
LINGUAGEM E DIVERSIDADE NA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA: AÇÕES DESENVOLVIDAS COM IMIGRANTES E MULHERES APENADAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE LAJEADO/RS
Authors: Bublitz Grasiela Kieling , Isse Silvane Fensterseifer 
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as ações desenvolvidas em dois campos de intervenção do Projeto de Extensão Veredas da Linguagem, da Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates: a comunidade de imigrantes e o Presídio Feminino do município de Lajeado. Ao primeiro grupo, são oferecidas aulas semanais de português como língua adicional para que possam enfrentar as diferentes situações de uso da língua. A necessidade de planejar de acordo com as reais necessidades do grupo de imigrantes gera impactos positivos na formação do acadêmico, pois, dessa forma, estará constantemente reavaliando sua prática, o que também beneficia os imigrantes no enfrentamento de situações sociocomunicativas no seu dia a dia. Já com o grupo de mulheres apenadas, são desenvolvidas oficinas semanais voltadas às práticas corporais e artísticas, com o intuito de contribuir para a qualificação das relações interpessoais e para a humanização do período em que se encontram em privação da liberdade. Entre os resultados das ações desenvolvidas no presídio feminino estão o maior conhecimento e cuidado para com o corpo, a sensibilização, a qualificação do tempo de permanência na instituição prisional e a ampliação do diálogo.
Komposisi Menu Sarapan dan Status Gizi Pelajar Boarding School SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Samarinda
Authors: Noviasty Reny , Afiah Nurul , Susanti Rahmi , Suja’i Muhammad Nadzir Mushoffa , Pakkerai Aiva Dg , Cahyantari Umi , Wirasti Ninik 
Published: July 2020

Remaja awal memiliki kecenderungan untuk mengkonsumsi sarapan dalam komposisi yang tidak lengkap berdasarkan konsep gizi seimbang. Komposisi yang tidak lengkap dapat menyebabkan tidak terpenuhinya asupan gizi harian remaja yang berimpilkasi terhadap gangguan gizi maupun kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku sarapan siswa-siswi salah satu SMP swasta unggulan di Kota Samarinda yang terdiri dari komposisi menu sarapan serta waktu sarapan serta menilai hubungan antara komposisi menu dengan status gizi remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 113 siswa-siswi SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Kota Samarinda dengan menggunakan kuesioner kebiasaan sarapan. Pengukuran antropometri berupa pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan dilakukan untuk menilai status gizi responden berdasarkan IMT/U. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh responden (99,1%) terbiasa sarapan setiap hari, namun (100%) pelajar mengkonsumsi sarapan dengan komposisi tidak sesuai dengan konsep gizi seimbang dimana mayoritas (39,8%) mengkonsumsi sarapan dengan komposisi menu 4 jenis yakni terdiri dari makanan pokok, makanan sumber protein hewani, protein nabati dan sayur. Status gizi (IMT/U) responden (88,5%) terkategori gizi baik. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara komposisi menu dengan status gizi responden (p=0.216). Kebiasaan sarapan yang dilakukan pelajar setiap hari secara kontinu sebaiknya diikuti dengan peningkatan kualitas sarapan yang dapat dipenuhi dengan melengkapi komposisi menu sarapan sehingga remaja awal dapat mempertahankan status gizi baik
Association Between Fasting Glucose Variability in Young Adulthood and the Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Middle Age
Authors: Feng Weijing , Li Zhibin , Guo Wenjie , Fan Xianglin , Zhou Feiran , Zhang Kun , Ou Caiwen , Huang Feifei , Chen Minsheng 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether intraindividual variability of fasting glucose (FG) in young adulthood is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression in middle age.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included 2,256 CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development Study in Young Adults) participants with CAC assessment by computed tomography scanner at baseline (2000–2001) and 10 years later (2010–2011). CAC progression was assessed for each individual as the difference of logarithmic CAC scores at follow-up and baseline (log[CAC (follow-up) + 1] − log[CAC (baseline) + 1]). FG variability was defined by the coefficient of variation about the mean FG (FG-CV), the SD of FG (FG-SD), and the average real variability of FG (FG-ARV) during the 10-year follow-up. We investigated the association between FG variability and CAC progression with adjustment for demographics, clinical risk factors, mean FG level, change in FG level, diabetes incidence, and medication use.

RESULTS
After multivariable adjustment, 1-SD increment in FG-CV was associated with worse progression of CAC as demonstrated as percent change in CAC, with incident CAC 5.9% (95% CI 1.0, 10.7) and any CAC progression 6.7% (95% CI 2.3, 11.1) during 10 years. Similar findings were also observed in FG-SD and FG-ARV.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher FG variability during young adulthood was associated with greater CAC progression in middle age, suggesting its value in predicting risk for subclinical coronary artery diseases.
Descriptive Analysis Using R for Age Trend in Dengue Cases
Authors: Muhamad Krishnan Nor Farisha , Ahmad Zukarnain Zuriani , Jamaludin Marhainis , Abdul Rahman Noorihan 
Published: July 2020

Dengue is a viral infection disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes which can lead to fatality. The case study is conducted for Kota Bharu city which is the capital city of Kelantan State in Malaysia. Different areas in Kota Bharu recorded different number of cases. The aim of this study is to see whether there is a trend in age range for those who are infected by dengue. Data on dengue cases were obtained from Department of Health in Kelantan from 2015 until 2019. We have done descriptive analysis on range of age among the infected victims using R programming. The data visualization presented that the age range between 10 years old and 35 years old were the most common in area Kubang Kerian and Panji with 20.3% and 19.7% respectively. Nevertheless, gender did not have an effect on dengue. The mean age is 30.17 years and 28.38 years old for both areas correspondingly. Dengue outbreak was also affected by the age of victims and has a significant health problem primarily in adolescents and young adults. Public awareness and proper vector control are needed to keep the dengue cases low and to prevent outbreaks.
Determinants of Satisfaction for Automotive After Sales Service Quality: A Preliminary Application of AutoSERVPERF Model
Authors: Mohamad Sheriff Nooraini , Roslan Nur Idayu , Yusoff Yuhanis 
Published: July 2020

Successful delivery of customer satisfaction through excellent automotive after sales service quality (AASSQ) can drive long-term profits and reinforces the image of automakers. Customers are generally willing to pay a huge sum of money to secure guarantees and dependable after sales service. Based on this premise, this study determined the automotive after sales service quality dimensions (using AutoSERVPERF model) to deliver customer satisfaction. Data were solicited from 226 respondents who are customers of an automotive after sales service center in Selangor. Convenient sampling technique was used to select volunteer respondents for the survey and a self-administered questionnaire with a 5 point Likert scale was administered for data collection. The responsiveness, empathy, assurance and reliability dimensions of the AutoSERVPERF model were uncovered to be important in delivering satisfaction towards AASSQ. However, among these four dimensions, the empathy and assurance dimensions were perceived to have delivered high performance and are of high importance to customers. Hence, to deliver customer satisfaction towards automotive after sales service, periodic knowledge and skill enhancement training is essential. Instituting clear standard operating procedures, close monitoring and supervision of service staffs would help preserve the consistency and hence reliability of after sales service delivered.
LES MOUVEMENTS CITOYENS DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA CULTURE DEMOCRATIQUE EN RD CONGO. UNE ANALYSE APPLIQUEE A LA VILLE DE BUKAVU
Authors: SHERIA NFUNDIKO Justin , NUGYA Merci , KASHWANTALE AMINI Francis 
Published: July 2020

Civic movements and democratic culture in DR Congo. The case of the city of Bukavu. The Democratic Republic of Congo, like some African countries, has experienced a flowering of youth citizen movements for a decade. Its peculiarity is that in addition to political and institutional crises, the country has known almost two decades of successive conflicts that have destructured institutions, societal relationships, and behavioral patterns. Citizen youth movements have been more engaged in nonviolent demands in claims aimed at promoting civil, political, economic, and social rights. The movements made it possible to obtain progress, including the pressure exerted on the organization of general elections as well as the awareness by the populations of the obligation of accountability by local authorities in the exercise of their public offices. However, the work of young members of the citizens' movements was challenged by the repression and brutality of the officials against whom the actions were organized. This favored their arrest, their abduction, etc. Although participating in the change of attitudes, civic engagement was also seen as a mechanism for social and economic advancement by young people.
Poverty and labor informality in Colombia
Authors: Torres Roberto Mauricio Sánchez 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Labor informality and poverty are at high levels in Latin America. In developing countries, poverty and the labor market are related not through unemployment but through employment. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the link between labor informality and poverty in Colombia. To do so, earnings gaps associated with labor informality are estimated; then, the effect of formalization on poverty is calculated, as the influence of changes in labor informality on Colombia’s poverty reduction from 2002 to 2013. The findings show that the earnings gap between formal and informal workers is 37–44%, and if informality were eliminated, poverty would decrease by approximately 40%. However, even though informality has great potential to reduce poverty, its actual effect on Colombia’s poverty reduction in the years analyzed was low.
Biological Activities of Iraqi Fig (Ficuscarica) CrudeEthanolic and Total Flavonoids Extracts
Authors: Al-Halbosiy Mohammad Mahmoud Farhan , Hasan Zainab Yaseen Mohammed , Mohammad Farooq Ibrahem , Abdulhameed Baraa Abdulhadi 
Published: July 2020

The present study focuses on the biological strategy for treating cancer and parasitic infections, such as leishmaniasis antiparasitic activity, forthe crude alcoholic extract ofFicus leaves and their extracted total flavonoids with a comparison between their effects.The flavonoids were extracted from the leaves of the mature Ficuscaricausing the reflux extraction method. Total flavonoids were detected qualitatively by TLC techniquewhich demonstratedthat the plant was rich indifferent flavonoids, especially Rutin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, luteolin and others. Quantitatively, the plant total flavonoids content was 337.3 mg / 100 g fig leaves calculated as rutin.The biologicaleffects of the crude and purified total flavonoid on cell lines (L-20B and MCF7) and two parasites (Leishmaniatropica ,Leishmaniadonvani) were investigated. Maximum growthinhibition rates forthe total flavonoids onthe cell linesL20B andMCF7 reached 43 % at the concentration of 0.169 mg/ml and 28% at the concentration of 2.7 mg/ml, respectively, in comparison with the negative control. The ethanoliccrude extract had a low effect on L20-B cell line, while the inhibition rate forMCF-7 cell linereached 34% at a concentration of 0.084 mg/ml. For Leishmaniatropica,the total flavonoid and crude plant extractcaused maximum inhibition rates of 48% and 56%, respectively,at a concentration of 2.7 mg/ml for both. Cytotoxicity valueon Leshmaniadonovani was 20% for the crude extract at 1.35 mg/ml concentration, whereas it was11% for the total flavonoids at a concentration of 0.169 mg/ml. In conclusion, the differences in anticancer and anti-parasitic activitiesareattributed to differentcompounds present in each extract.
Analytical Discussion and Sensitivity Analysis of Parameters of Magnetohydrodynamic Free Convective Flow in an Inclined Plate
Authors: Suganya S. Thamizh , Balaganesan P. , Rajendran L. , Abukhaled Marwan 
Published: July 2020

A mathematical model of the magnetohydrodynamic free convective flow of a viscousÂ incompressible fluid, which is based on a system of coupled steady-state nonlinear deferentialÂ equations, is discussed. A new approach of the homotopy perturbation method is employed toÂ derive analytical expressions of the fluid velocity, fluid temperature, and species concentration.Â The effciency and accuracy of the derived results are tested against highly accurate and widelyÂ used numerical methods. The obtained analytical expressions are employed to study the effectsÂ of the magnetic field, chemical reaction, and other relevant flow parameters on fluid velocity,Â fluid temperature, and species concentration. Sensitivity analysis of these parameters is alsoÂ presented.
Logical Entropy of Partitions in Hyperproduct MV-algebras
Authors: Kaewnoi Thananya , Iampan Aiyared , Chinram Ronnason 
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we introduce the algebraic structure hyperproduct MV-algebras which is a generalization of product MV-algebras. In addition, we study the logical entropy and the logical conditional entropy of partitions in a hyperproduct MV-algebra and provide their properties.
On the Symmetric Block Design with Parameters (210,77,28) Admitting a Frobenius Group of Order 57
Authors: Gashi Menderes 
Published: July 2020

In this paper we have proved that for a putative symmetric block design D with parameters (210,77,28), admitting a Frobenius group G = (hÏ, Î¼|Ï19 = Î¼3 = 1, ÏÎ¼ = Ï7)Â of order 57, there are exactly six possible orbit structures up to isomorphism with the orbit distribution [1; 19; 19; 19; 19; 19; 19; 19; 19; 19; 19; 19].
Uncertainty of the Future as a Fundamental Problem of the Long-Term Development of Transport
Authors: Macheret D. A. 
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to consideration of the problem of long-term development of transport under the conditions of uncertainty, which is a fundamental feature of the conditions of human activity. The objectives are to reveal the specifics of the «path dependence» in the field of transport, to show the fundamental nature of the problem of uncertainty of human activity and its special significance for development of transport, to propose a methodological basis for mitigating the problem of uncertainty in the long-term development of transport.While achieving the objectives, it is shown using historical analysis that the development of transport systems forms a specific kind of «path dependence», having a significant long-term impact on the future of not only transport itself, but also on other sectors of the economy, as well as on the development of demographic and other social processes.The location of the population, the development of production capacities, the choice of places of recreation are adapted to the existing transportation network. The decisions regarding location of transport infrastructure, the configuration of transport networks, the use of various technical solutions significantly influence the future of the transport itself.In this regard, it is desirable to reduce the uncertainty of the future of the transport. Uncertainty does not mean absolute unawareness. Although the future cannot be predicted accurately, it can be predicted with a certain probability. It is necessary, while fully understanding the impossibility of achieving complete certainty in predicting the future, to assess, at least at a qualitative level, the probability of these forecasts, strive to increase it and to develop transport systems considering the greater or lesser likelihood of certain forecasts.Hence, it is recommended to use both the logical-analytical method as the basis for forecasting longterm development to identify and consider long-term trends in the development of transport, and the foresight and predictive analytics to reveal newly emerging trends. An important condition of success is the ability to develop and implement various alternative solutions in response to emerging challenges, requiring development of a competitive and innovative environment both in the field of transport and in related areas of economic activity.
Earlier radiosurgery leads to better pain relief and less medication usage for trigeminal neuralgia patients: an international multicenter study
Authors: Mureb Monica , Golub Danielle , Benjamin Carolina , Gurewitz Jason , Strickland Ben A. , Zada Gabriel , Chang Eric , Urgošík Dušan , Liščák Roman , Warnick Ronald E. , Speckter Herwin , Eastman Skyler , Kaufmann Anthony M. , Patel Samir , Feliciano Caleb E. , Carbini Carlos H. , Mathieu David , Leduc William , DCS  , Nagel Sean J. , Hori Yusuke S. , Hung Yi-Chieh , Ogino Akiyoshi , Faramand Andrew , Kano Hideyuki , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic pain condition that is difficult to control with conservative management. Furthermore, disabling medication-related side effects are common. This study examined how stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) affects pain outcomes and medication dependence based on the latency period between diagnosis and radiosurgery.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with type I TN at 12 Gamma Knife treatment centers. SRS was the primary surgical intervention in all patients. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, treatment plans, medication histories, and outcomes were reviewed.

RESULTS
Overall, 404 patients were included. The mean patient age at SRS was 70 years, and 60% of the population was female. The most common indication for SRS was pain refractory to medications (81%). The median maximum radiation dose was 80 Gy (range 50–95 Gy), and the mean follow-up duration was 32 months. The mean number of medications between baseline (pre-SRS) and the last follow-up decreased from 1.98 to 0.90 (p < 0.0001), respectively, and this significant reduction was observed across all medication categories. Patients who received SRS within 4 years of their initial diagnosis achieved significantly faster pain relief than those who underwent treatment after 4 years (median 21 vs 30 days, p = 0.041). The 90-day pain relief rate for those who received SRS ≤ 4 years after their diagnosis was 83.8% compared with 73.7% in patients who received SRS > 4 years after their diagnosis. The maximum radiation dose was the strongest predictor of a durable pain response (OR 1.091, p = 0.003). Early intervention (OR 1.785, p = 0.007) and higher maximum radiation dose (OR 1.150, p < 0.0001) were also significant predictors of being pain free (a Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity score of I–IIIA) at the last follow-up visit. New sensory symptoms of any kind were seen in 98 patients (24.3%) after SRS. Higher maximum radiation dose trended toward predicting new sensory deficits but was nonsignificant (p = 0.075).

CONCLUSIONS
TN patients managed with SRS within 4 years of diagnosis experienced a shorter interval to pain relief with low risk. SRS also yielded significant decreases in adjunct medication utilization. Radiosurgery should be considered earlier in the course of treatment for TN.