bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open hole tension and compression behavior of 3D braided composites
Authors: Shuangqiang Liang , Qihong Zhou , Ge Chen , Ko Frank 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe damage tolerant behavior of 3D braided composites is evaluated in terms of the open‐hole notch strength test under tensile and compressive loading. The influence of fiber architecture is evaluated by comparing 3D braid with and without axial yarns as well as laminated composites based on ASTM quasi‐static tension and compression testing standard. The results show that the notched and un‐notched properties of the two types of 3D braided composites are similar under tension and compression loading. Comparing to laminates, both types of 3D braided composites demonstrated superior notch insensitivity than laminated composites. For the failure behavior of the 3D braided composites, under tension loading, crack of both notched specimens tends to propagate along the notch and finally render the specimen to failure. Clear cracks usually presented on the samples without axial yarns, while not for the specimens with axial yarn. Under compression loading, the two types of 3D braided composite are also macroscopically similar, showing transverse fracture. The modified Fabric Geometry Model is used to predict the tensile properties of 3D braided composite. The predicted and experimental results are shown to be in good agreement.
Healing after traumatic events: Aligning interventions with cultural background and religious and spiritual beliefs
Authors: Heath Melissa A. , Cutrer‐Párraga Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHistorically, disaster response efforts have focused primarily on basic physical survival and safety—addressing medical emergencies and ensuring adequate shelter and supplies of food and water. However, in addition to physical survival, relief efforts must also consider strategies to promote emotional healing and psychological well‐being. In particular, those who intervene must consider the acceptability of intervention strategies, taking into account survivors' cultural background, religious customs, and spiritual beliefs. This article offers recommendations to better align school‐based therapeutic interventions with children's religious and spiritual beliefs.
Entanglement between Distant Regions in Disordered Quantum Wires
Authors: Schreiber Yishai , Berkovits Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe entanglement negativity for spinless fermions in a strongly disordered 1D Anderson model is studied. For two close regions, the negativity is log‐normally distributed, and is suppressed by repulsive interactions. With increasing distance between the regions, the typical negativity decays, but there remains a peak in the distribution, also at high values, representing highly entangled distant regions. For intermediate distances, in the noninteracting case, two distinct peaks are observed. As a function of interaction strength, the two peaks merge into each other. The abundance and nature of these entangled regions is studied. The relation to resonances between single‐particle eigenstates is demonstrated. Thus, although the system is strongly disordered, it is nevertheless possible to encounter two far‐away regions which are entangled.
Augmented reality for narrow area navigation in jaw surgery: Modified tracking by detection volume subtraction algorithm
Authors: Budhathoki Srijana , Alsadoon Abeer , Prasad P.W.C. , Haddad Sami , Maag Angelika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimJaw surgery based on augmented reality (AR) still has limitations in terms of navigating narrow areas. Surgeons need to avoid nerves, vessels, and teeth in their entirety, not just root canals. Inaccurate positioning of the surgical instrument may lead to positional or navigational errors and can result in cut blood vessels, nerve channels, or root canals. This research aims to decrease the positional error during surgery and improve navigational accuracy by reducing the positional error.MethodologyThe proposed 2D/3D system tracks the surgical instrument, consisting of the shaft and the cutting element, each part being assigned a different feature description. In the case of the 3D position estimation, the input vector is composed of image descriptors of the instrument and the output value consists of 3D coordinates of the cutter.ResultsSample results from a jawbone—maxillary and mandibular jaw—demonstrate that the positional error is reduced. The system, thus, led to an improvement in alignment of the video accuracy by 0.25 to 0.35 mm from 0.40 to 0.55 mm and a decrease in processing time of 11 to 14 frames per second (fps) against 8 to 12 fps of existing solutions.ConclusionThe proposed system is focused on overlaying only on the area to be operated on. Thus, this AR‐based study contributes to accuracy in navigation of the deeper anatomical corridors through increased accuracy in positioning of surgical instruments.
Distributed output‐feedback finite‐time tracking control of nonaffine nonlinear leader‐follower multiagent systems
Authors: Chen Gang , Xiang Hongbing , Dai Jiahua 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe distributed output‐feedback tracking control for a class of networked multiagents in nonaffine pure‐feedback form is investigated in this article. By introducing a low‐pass filter and some auxiliary variables, we first transform the nonaffine system into the affine form. Then, the finite‐time observer is designed to estimate the states of the newly derived affine system. By applying the fraction dynamic surface control approach and the neural network‐based approximation technique, the distributed output‐feedback control laws are proposed and it is proved that the tracking errors converge to an arbitrarily small bound around zero in finite time. Finally, some simulation examples are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the developed method.
Amino‐Acid‐Mediated Aerobic Oxidation of Organoborons for the Synthesis of Phenolic Derivatives Using Single Electron Transfer
Authors: Gujjarappa Raghuram , Vodnala Nagaraju , Garg Aakriti , Hazra Chinmoy K. , Gupta Sreya , Malakar Chandi C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn efficient amino‐acid‐mediated ipso‐hydroxylation of arylboronic acids, aryl boronate esters and aryl trifluoroborates to aryl alcohols has been described. The current protocol was realized by using sub‐stoichiometric amount of l‐histidine in presence of triethylamine under aerobic conditions in DMF as solvent. This amino‐acid‐mediated process provides an alternative route for the hydroxylation of organoborons through in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide. The present protocol explores the synthetic utility of amino acids as organocatalysts for the preparation of aryl alcohols. It was observed that l‐histidine plays an important role for the conversion of aerial oxygen in to hydrogen peroxide via thermal excitation process followed by thermal degradation of Et3N. The developed approach holds good for a wide range of compounds with excellent yields and competent functional group tolerance.
Kinetic Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Hydro‐Catalytic Upgrading of Anisole as a Model Compound of Bio‐Oils Derived from Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin over Co/γ‐Al2O3
Authors: Saidi Majid , Baharan Seyedeh Nesa Rahbar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydro‐catalytic upgrading of anisole, as a representative of methoxy functionality model component of lignin‐derived bio‐oil over synthesized Co/γ–Al2O3 catalyst, has been studied to determine the reactions kinetics and network. The catalytic conversion was carried out in a fixed‐bed tubular micro‐activity flow reactor at 573–723 K, 8 bar, and the space velocity of 3–120 (g of Anisole)/(g of catalyst×h), in the presence of hydrogen. According to selectivity‐conversion data, anisole was converted to benzene and toluene via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), phenol via hydrogenolysis and phenol derivatives via alkylation and trans‐alkylation. Furthermore, a pseudo‐first‐order model has been developed to estimate the apparent activation energy and kinetic constants. Toluene formation pathway possessed the minimum apparent activation energy. From experimental results, hydrogenolysis and HDO are characterized by the highest and lowest rate, respectively among various reactions on Co/γ–Al2O3. The overall rate of anisole conversion over Co/γ–Al2O3 was higher than that of commercial CoMo/γ–Al2O3 catalyst. Sensitivity analysis of operating conditions indicated that operating temperature increment improved the overall anisole conversion and selectivity to benzene as the main HDO product.
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass‐Derived 2, 5‐Dimethylfuran into Renewable p‐Xylene over SAPO‐34 Catalyst
Authors: Gao Zhebang , Feng Yunchao , Zhang Liangqing , Zeng Xianhai , Sun Yong , Tang Xing , Lei Tingzhou , Lin Lu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, ∼75% selectivity to p‐xylene (pX) has been achieved from biomass‐derived 2, 5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) and ethylene over SAPO‐34. The pX selectivity reached a maximum after 12 h and maintained significantly stable when prolonging the reaction time. This might be due to the small Brønsted/Lewis ratio and the hierarchical structures of SAPO‐34. Stability tests suggested that SAPO‐34 may be resistant to deactivation under the optimized reaction conditions. Besides, it was found that SAPO‐11 showed similar catalytic performances to SAPO‐34. In summary, these novel SAPO catalysts might provide an alternative for the selective production of renewable aromatics from biomass‐derived feedstock.
Dual C‐C Bond Forming Heck and Sonogashira Couplings Followed by Hydroarylation: Synthesis of Tricyclic Frameworks
Authors: Ramesh Karu , Ravikishore Dakoju , Satyanarayana Gedu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, a concise approach to construct the novel tricyclic ether frameworks, is presented. Microwave‐assisted dual C‐C bond‐forming palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular Heck/intermolecular Sonogashira couplings were implemented, for the synthesis of dihydrobenfurans bearing acetylene moiety, followed by acid‐induced intramolecular hydroarylation reaction of the crude reaction mixture furnished the tricyclic ether systems. Notably, these tricyclic ether frameworks have been achieved, in excellent yields, through a single column chromatography process.
Direct Electrochemical Aptamer‐Based Detection of Digoxin
Authors: Wijesinghe Mahadurage Sachintha , Ngwa Wilfred , Chow Kwok‐Fan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere we report a signal‐on electrochemical aptamer‐based (E‐AB) sensor for the detection of digoxin at clinically relevant levels. Digoxin is a plant‐based medication that is prescribed to treat patients with congestive heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic range index of between 0.5 ng/mL and 2.0 ng/mL. The aptamer used in this study is a 50‐base DNA oligonucleotide that has been proven to have high affinity toward digoxin. One end of the aptamer is immobilized on a gold electrode surface and the other end is tagged with a methylene blue molecule, which is used as a redox label. Like other signal‐on E‐AB sensors, once the target binds to the aptamer‐modified electrode, the methylene blue reduction current increases. The developed E‐AB digoxin sensor provides a distinct and amplified peak current response in the therapeutic range of 0.5 ng/mL to 2.0 ng/mL in a phosphate buffer saline solution. The advantage of this detection method is that it allows an aptamer‐modified electrode to perform single‐step and reagentless sensing. We suggest this approach as a conceptual pathway to point‐of‐care E‐AB digoxin sensor design.
Molecular Nanowire Bonding to Epitaxial Single‐Layer MoS2 by an On‐Surface Ullmann Coupling Reaction
Authors: Rodríguez‐Fernández Jonathan , Haastrup Mark J. , Schmidt Søren B. , Grønborg Signe S. , Mammen Mathias H. R. , Lauritsen Jeppe V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLateral heterostructures consisting of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) directly interfaced with molecular networks or nanowires can be used to construct new hybrid materials with interesting electronic and spintronic properties. However, chemical methods for selective and controllable bond formation between 2D materials and organic molecular networks need to be developed. As a demonstration of a self‐assembled organic nanowire‐TMDC system, a method to link and interconnect epitaxial single‐layer MoS2 flakes with organic molecules is demonstrated. Whereas pristine epitaxial single‐layer MoS2 has no affinity for molecular attachment, it is found that single‐layer MoS2 will selectively bind the organic molecule 2,8‐dibromodibenzothiophene (DBDBT) in a surface‐assisted Ullmann coupling reaction when the MoS2 has been activated by pre‐exposing it to hydrogen. Atom‐resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging is used to analyze the bonding of the nanowires, and thereby it is revealed that selective bonding takes place on a specific S atom at the corner site between the two types of zig‐zag edges available in a hexagonal single layer MoS2 sheet. The method reported here successfully combining synthesis of epitaxial TMDCs and Ullmann coupling reactions on surfaces may open up new synthesis routes for 2D organic‐TMDC hybrid materials.
Rapid determination of organophosphorus pesticides in edible vegetable oils by direct microextraction using magnetic mesoporous silica microspheres
Authors: Wu Jian‐Yuan , Zhang Hui‐Xian , Peng Xi‐Tian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study describes a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of four organophosphorus pesticides in edible vegetable oils by magnetic mesoporous silica microsphere (mSiO2@Fe3O4) extraction. Organophosphorus pesticides were directly extracted from oil sample using mSiO2@Fe3O4 after diluting with n‐hexane. Compared with traditional sample preparation methods, this procedure is less time consuming and it does not necessitate environmentally unfriendly solvent extraction / centrifugation processes. Moreover, the matrix effect can also be suppressed by size‐exclusion interaction due to mesoporous structure of mSiO2@Fe3O4 and large molecules of fat. Clean analytes were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Variables affecting extraction of organophosphorus pesticides were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the whole pretreatment process could be accomplished within 10 min. Acceptable linearity in the range of 5–1000 ng/g was obtained for four organophosphorus pesticides with satisfactory R2 of 0.9858∼0.9983. The limits of detection ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 ng/g. The method recoveries at three spiked concentration levels (10, 100 and 1000 ng/g) were from 92.1 to 108.6% with interday and intraday relative standard deviations less than 5.9 and 13.4%, respectively. Finally, the established method was successfully applied for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in real edible vegetable oils.
Creep of reinforced high‐strength concrete‐containing industrial by‐products silica fume and slag
Authors: Chen Pang , Zheng Wenzhong , Zhou Xianyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the creep of reinforced high‐strength concrete (HSC) containing industrial byproducts, silica fume (SF), and slag (SL). In total, 36 HSC specimens were prepared and tested for creep. Three specimens were used for the plain HSC creep test, 6 specimens were used for the reinforced HSC creep test, and 27 specimens were used for companion shrinkage tests. The applicability of existing creep models in predicting the creep of HSC containing SF and SL were evaluated. In addition, the effect of compressive strength and reinforcement ratio on reinforced HSC was investigated. Moreover, a new procedure to calculate the creep of reinforced HSC columns, based on the modified creep model and an existing creep recovery model, was developed. Finally, a parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of compressive strength, reinforcement ratio, stress–strength ratio, loading age, and volume–surface ratio on reinforced HSC.
A Hybrid Energy Efficient Cooperative Transmission Scheme in Multi‐Hop Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Peng Yuyang , Li Jun , Jiang Xue‐Qin 
Published: February 2020

This letter proposes a hybrid cooperative transmission scheme for energy reduction in multi‐hop clustered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where single‐input single‐output (SISO) and spatial modulation (SM)‐based cooperative MIMO (CMIMO‐SM) schemes are jointly used as the transmission candidates. In this work, we consider a linear all‐transmission scenario where the intermediate clusters act not only as forwarding clusters but also transmitting clusters. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the energy reduction of WSN is achieved by choosing the optimal hop length and appropriate transmission candidate. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thermal behavior of woody residues in a reduced‐oxygen atmosphere using Macro‐thermogravimetric technique
Authors: Nguyen Hong Nam , Van De Steene Laurent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the context of sustainable development, co‐gasification or co‐firing of biomass residues and coal is becoming a relevant solution to mitigate the negative impact of fossil fuels. For this reason, it is crucial to understand the characteristics, as well as the thermal behaviors of these residues, especially in a low‐oxygen condition that is often found in industrial processes. In this study, woody residues, namely bamboo and rubberwood chips that are abundantly available in Vietnam were characterized. Thermal degradation of these residues in 4 % oxygen was also conducted using a Macro‐thermogravimetric analyzer, from room temperature to 700 °C. The results showed that bamboo had a higher volatile matter and a higher hemicellulose content compared to rubberwood chips, hence is easier for ignition in a thermochemical conversion process. Regarding the thermal behaviors of these residues in a reduced‐oxygen condition, three stages could be clearly observed in the TGA‐DTG curves. Rubberwood chip had a higher ignition temperature and higher temperatures of maximum mass loss rate compared to bamboo chip. Results could contribute to the understanding of the thermal behaviors of these biomass feedstocks in order to improve the efficiency of co‐gasification or co‐firing processes.
Synthesis and application of novel Fe‐MIL‐53/GO nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of reactive dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Vu Hoa T. , Tran Linh T. , Le Giang H. , Nguyen Quang K. , Vu Tan M. , Vu Tuan A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe composite of Fe‐MIL‐53 and graphene oxide (GO) was successfully prepared using solvothermal method to crystallize Fe‐MIL‐53 on GO layers. The Fe‐MIL‐53/GO composite was characterized by XRD, isotherms of N2 adsorption– desorption (BET), TEM, FTIR, and Energy dispersive X‐Ray (EDX). From TEM result, it revealed the formation of very small Fe‐MIL‐53 particles of 10 ‐20 nm well dispersed on GO surface. The photocatalytic activity of Fe‐MIL‐53/GO nanocomposite for the degradation of reactive dye (reactive red‐RR195) in aqueous solution was examined and evaluate. The red‐RR195 removal efficiency reached 96 % after 60 min of reaction under irradiation of simulated sunlight, indicating highly photocatalytic activity of this nano composite. In addition, this composite also showed much higher photocatalytic activity as compared to that of pure Fe‐MIL‐53, this clearly indicated the synergistic effect between Fe‐MIL‐53 and GO. Therefore, the novel Fe‐MIL‐53/GO can be considered as a highly efficient photocatalyst for degradation of reactive dye from aqueous solution.
Evaluation of the efficiency of three different mineral adsorbents in the removal of pollutants in samples from a tropical spring in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Neto José Osmar Andrade , Aguiar Terencio Rebello 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman water sources are increasingly threatened around the world due to various sources of pollution such as agriculture and industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate three new adsorbents as pollutant remedies for subsequent application in the Joanes River located in the State of Bahia in Brazil. The specific pollutants were nitrogen, phosphorus (P), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), cyanobacteria, and saxitoxins. Initially, studies (pH 7 and 22°C) were performed with samples contaminated in the laboratory with phosphorus (P), nitrate (

), and ammonia (NH3), to select the most efficient adsorbent and to determine the equilibrium time. Pumice bituminous coal was found to have the best efficiencies (≥70%) at 360 min (equilibration time). The experimental data did not fit the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The bituminous coal with pumice stone was then applied to water samples from a designated capture point of the Joanes springs, a river system that is responsible for supplying the city of Salvador and the metropolitan region, located on the northern coast of Bahia. The removal efficiency analyses were performed on a DR6000 UV/VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER, using the methodology defined in the Standard Methods 2017, after which this adsorbent was subjected to scanning electron microscopy. As a result, removal efficiencies (≥98%) were obtained for all contaminants (nitrogen, phosphorus (P), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), cyanobacteria, and saxitoxins) as well as a highly heterogeneous layer pointed by SEM images, further demonstrating the adsorbent potential as a efficient alternative in environmental control after additional studies.Practitioner points

Pumice bituminous coal has proven to be an excellent adsorbent for a wide range of pollutants such as phosphorus, nitrogen, ammonia, toxins, cyanobacteria, and metals.

The adsorbent promoted a high reduction in phosphorus concentrations (3.40 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L), about 98% and 81% for cyanobacteria (12,850 Cel/ml to 2,560 Cel/ml).

The adsorbent promoted a high reduction in concentrations of 98% saxitoxins (4.32 µg/L to 0.2 µg/L).
Learning decision trees through Monte Carlo tree search: An empirical evaluation
Authors: Nunes Cecília , De Craene Mathieu , Langet Hélène , Camara Oscar , Jonsson Anders 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDecision trees (DTs) are a widely used prediction tool, owing to their interpretability. Standard learning methods follow a locally optimal approach that trades off prediction performance for computational efficiency. Such methods can however be far from optimal, and it may pay off to spend more computational resources to increase performance. Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is an approach to approximate optimal choices in exponentially large search spaces. We propose a DT learning approach based on the Upper Confidence Bound applied to tree (UCT) algorithm, including procedures to expand and explore the space of DTs. To mitigate the computational cost of our method, we employ search pruning strategies that discard some branches of the search tree. The experiments show that proposed approach outperformed the C4.5 algorithm in 20 out of 31 datasets, with statistically significant improvements in the trade‐off between prediction performance and DT complexity. The approach improved locally optimal search for datasets with more than 1,000 instances, or for smaller datasets likely arising from complex distributions.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Hierarchies and Trees
Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
On Weak (Measure-Valued)–Strong Uniqueness for Compressible Navier–Stokes System with Non-monotone Pressure Law
Authors: Chaudhuri Nilasis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper our goal is to define a renormalized dissipative measure-valued (rDMV) solution of compressible Navier–Stokes system for fluids with non-monotone pressure–density relation. We prove existence of rDMV solutions and establish a suitable relative energy inequality. Moreover we obtain the weak (measure-valued)–strong uniqueness property of this rDMV solution with the help of relative energy inequality.