bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discharge Prescription Errors After the Implementation of a Prospective Pharmacist Review Process in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Waehner Erin N. , Weightman Stephanie , Castañeda Debora , Morse Rustin 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
Pediatric emergency department (ED) patients are at an increased risk for experiencing a preventable medication error. Studies show that pharmacists are effective at decreasing medication errors on inpatient orders but there are few studies looking at error reduction on discharge prescriptions. Children's Health implemented a prospective pharmacist verification process on all ED discharge prescriptions. The objective of this study is to identify and describe the prescription errors leaving a pediatric ED after the implementation of this pharmacist review process.

Methods
An electronic medical database was utilized to identify all ED prescriptions between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2016. A random number generator was used to select 750 prescriptions. Two pharmacists independently performed a chart review assessing prescriptions for errors. A third pharmacist was used to clarify discordant assessments between the 2 pharmacists. Errors were recorded and assessed for severity using the Taylor et al 2005 stratification. The primary objective of this study is to identify the errors leaving the ED. Secondary objectives include: error severity, error subtype, and readmission rates.

Results
Forty-one errors were identified from 750 randomly selected prescriptions for a total error rate of 5.5%. The most common subtypes of errors were missing duration (39%) and antimicrobial optimization (24.4%). When using the Taylor et al 2005 scale, no prescriptions were classified as severe or serious. None of the errors led to patient harm.
Posttraumatic Giant Intradiploic Epidermoid Cyst of Orbital Roof
Authors: Zhang Feng , Xu Yi-Nong , Zhao Wei , Wang Yu-Hai , He Jian-Qing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Epidermoid cysts are rare benign tumors that account for 0.3% to 1.8% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions. They are usually congenital in origin and are thought to derived from ectodermal cell inclusions occurring during closure of the neural tube around third to fifth week of gestation. They are most commonly located in the cerebellopontine angle and the parasellar area, and their location in the diploic space is very rare. In this article, a case of giant epidermoid cyst located in the orbital roof intradiploic space is presented with clinical, radiologic features and surgical treatment.
Utilizing Simulation to Identify Latent Safety Threats During Neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Procedure
Authors: Wong Jonathan , Kalaniti Kaarthigeyan , Castaldo Michael , Whyte Hilary , Lee Kyong-Soon , Schroff Manohar , Campbell Douglas M. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction
Transfer of infants for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requires exposure to unfamiliar environments and involve multiple complex human and system interactions, which can compromise patient safety. In situ simulation (ISS) offers an opportunity to identify latent safety threats (LSTs) that may occur during this high-risk procedure. Our primary aim was to use ISS to identify modifiable LSTs during the MRI procedure: involving neonatal transport to/from NICU to the MRI and the MRI scan. Secondarily, we compared the overall performance and needs of specialized versus nonspecialized transport personnel.

Methods
In situ simulations of the MRI procedure (transport and scan) were performed for 9 months involving specialized and nonspecialized transport personnel. Two simulation scenarios were used, one involving an intubated infant and one nonintubated infant. After each simulation, participants underwent a standardized debriefing and answered questionnaires on safety threats and team function. The results were then used to identify and implement mitigation strategies.

Results
Among 10 simulations completed, 7 were by specialized and 3 by nonspecialized teams. In total, 116 LSTs were identified (22 involving medication, 12 equipment, and 82 resources/system issues). Preprocedure deliberation with anticipation/preparedness for patient deterioration, and the need for clinical checklists and protocols were identified as important requirements. After completion of the project, protocols (ie, sedation), checklists (ie, pretransport), and policies (ie, environmental orientation) were adapted to address the gaps.

Conclusions
In situ simulations were able to identify important safety risks during transport of neonatal patients from the NICU to the MRI suite, informing changes in MRI transport policy.
Community-level SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Survey in urban slum dwellers of Buenos Aires City, Argentina: a participatory research
Authors: Figar Silvana , Pagotto Vanina , Luna Lorena , Salto Julieta , Manslau Magdalena Wagner , Mistchenko Alicia S. , Gamarnik Andrea , Saldaño Ana María Gómez , de Quirós Fernán González Bernaldo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBy July 1st, the incidence rate of RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.9% in Barrio Padre Mugica, one of the largest slums in Buenos Aires City. This study aimed to establish the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 three months after the first case was reported.MethodsBetween June 10th and July 1st, a cross-sectional design was carried out on people over 14 years old, selected from a probabilistic sample of households. A finger prick sample was tested by ELISA to detect IgG-class antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Multilevel model was applied to understand sector, household and individual conditions associated with seroconvert.ResultsPrevalence based on IgG was 53.4% (95%IC 52.8% to 54.1%). Among the IgG positive cases, 15% reported having compatible symptoms at some point in the past two months. There is evidence of within-household clustering effect (rho=0.52; 95% IC 0.36-0.67); living with a PCR-confirmed case doubled the chance of being SARS-CoV2 IgG positive (OR 2.13; 95% IC 1.17-3.85). The highest risk of infection was found in one of the most deprived areas of the slum, the “Bajo autopista” sector.DiscussionHigh seroprevalence is shown, for each symptomatic RT-qPCR-confirmed diagnosis, 9 people were IgG positive, indicating a high rate of undetected (probable asymptomatic) infections. Given that transmission among family members is a leading driver of the disease’s spread, it is unsurprising that crowded housing situations in slums are directly associated with higher risk of infection and consequently high seroprevalence levels.This study contributes to the understanding of population immunity against SARS-CoV2, its relation to living conditions and viral spread, for future decision making.
Contraceptive Method Skew in India 1992-2016
Authors: Chaurasia Aalok Ranjan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the contraceptive method skew in districts of India over more than two decades. The analysis reveals clear regional pattern in the method skew. In the northern and eastern regions, method skew is low and average but high or very high in the southern part of the country where factors such as poverty, education, social class, religion contributes little to deciding the method skew. In the central region, religious composition of the population has an impact on the method skew. In northern and eastern regions, poverty and education have an impact on the method skew. The analysis indicates that India has focussed on only one method - female sterilisation - to promote family planning, reduce fertility and curtail population growth. Increase in the prevalence of other family planning methods, especially, modern spacing methods, appears to be the need of the time. This requires improving the organisational efficiency and strengthening the administrative capacity of the official family planning services is the need of the time.
Bivalent binding of a fully human IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins reveals mechanisms of potent neutralization
Authors: Wang Bei , Asarnow Daniel , Lee Wen-Hsin , Huang Ching-Wen , Faust Bryan , Ng Patricia Miang Lon , Ngoh Eve Zi Xian , Bohn Markus , Bulkley David , Pizzorno Andrés , Tan Hwee Ching , Lee Chia Yin , Minhat Rabiatul Adawiyah , Terrier Olivier , Soh Mun Kuen , Teo Frannie Jiuyi , Yeap Yvonne Yee Chin , Hu Yuanyu , Seah Shirley Gek Kheng , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Renia Laurent , Hanson Brendon John , Rosa-Calatrava Manuel , Manglik Aashish , Cheng Yifan , Craik Charles S. , Wang Cheng-I 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn vitro antibody selection against pathogens from naïve combinatorial libraries can yield various classes of antigen-specific binders that are distinct from those evolved from natural infection1–4. Also, rapid neutralizing antibody discovery can be made possible by a strategy that selects for those interfering with pathogen and host interaction5. Here we report the discovery of antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, from a highly diverse naïve human Fab library. Lead antibody 5A6 blocks the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike from binding to the host receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells, and reduces viral replication in reconstituted human nasal and bronchial epithelium models. 5A6 has a high occupancy on the viral surface and exerts its neutralization activity via a bivalent binding mode to the tip of two neighbouring RBDs at the ACE2 interaction interface, one in the “up” and the other in the “down” position, explaining its superior neutralization capacity. Furthermore, 5A6 is insensitive to several spike mutations identified in clinical isolates, including the D614G mutant that has become dominant worldwide. Our results suggest that 5A6 could be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of COVID-19.
Coagulopathy in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Yang Xue , Jiao Hongmei , Liu Xinmin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatients with COVID-19 frequently manifest coagulation abnormalities and thrombotic events. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to explore the role of coagulopathy on the severity differences in patients with COVID-19. We conducted systematic literature search via Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, WanFang Database, CNKI, and medRxiv from December 1, 2019 to May 1, 2020, to identify all original studies that reports on coagulation parameters (D-dimer, PLT, PT, APTT, and FIB) during COVID-19 infection. Thereafter, we compared the coagulation parameters between less severe and more severe cases. All Statistical analyses were performed via Stata14.0 software. A total of 3,952 confirmed COVID-19 infected patients were included from 25 studies. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection exhibited significantly higher levels of D-dimer, PT, and FIB (SMD 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97, I2 56.9%; SMD 0.39, 95% CI: 0.14-0.64, I2 77.9%; SMD 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17-0.53, I242.4% respectively). However, difference in PLT and APTT levels between less severe and more severe patients was not statistically significant (SMD-0.26, 95% CI:-0.56-0.05, I2 82.2%; SMD-0.14,95% CI: −0.45-0.18, I2 75.5% respectively) This meta-analysis revealed coagulopathy is associated with the severity of COVID-19. Notably, D-dimer, PT, and FIB are the dominant parameters that should be considered in evaluating coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients.
Diagnostic performance and prediction of clinical progression of plasma phospho-tau181 in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Karikari Thomas K. , Benedet Andréa L. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Rodriguez Juan Lantero , Snellman Anniina , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Chaudhuri Paramita Saha , Lussier Firoza , Kvartsberg Hlin , Rial Alexis Moscoso , Pascoal Tharick A. , Andreasson Ulf , Schöll Michael , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhilst cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers for amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies are accurate for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), their broad implementation in clinical and trial settings are restricted by high cost and limited accessibility. Plasma phosphorylated-tau181 (p-tau181) is a promising blood-based biomarker that is specific for AD, correlates with cerebral Aβ and tau pathology, and predicts future cognitive decline. In this study, we report the performance of p-tau181 in >1,000 individuals from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), including cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia patients characterized by Aβ PET. We confirmed that plasma p-tau181 is increased at the preclinical stage of Alzheimer and further increases in MCI and AD dementia. Individuals clinically classified as AD dementia but having negative Aβ PET scans did not show increased plasma p-tau181. Despite being a multicenter study, plasma p-tau181 demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy to identify AD dementia (AUC=85.3%; 95% CI, 81.4%-89.2%), as well as to distinguish between Aβ- and Aβ+ individuals along the Alzheimer’scontinuum(AUC=76.9%; 95% CI, 74.0%-79.8%). Higher baseline concentrations of plasma p-tau181 accurately predicted future dementia and performed comparably to the baseline prediction of CSF p-tau181. Longitudinal measurements of plasma p-tau181 revealed low intra-individual variability, which could be of potential benefit in disease-modifying trials seeking a measurable response to a therapeutic target. This study adds significant weight to the growing body of evidence in the use of plasma p-tau181 as a non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tool for AD, regardless of clinical stage, which would be of great benefit in clinical practice and a large cost-saving in clinical trial recruitment.
Causal analysis of COVID-19 observational data in German districts reveals effects of mobility, awareness, and temperature
Authors: Steiger Edgar , Mußgnug Tobias , Kroll Lars Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMobility, awareness, and weather are suspected to be causal drivers for new cases of COVID-19 infection. Correcting for possible confounders, we estimated their causal effects on reported case numbers. To this end, we used a directed acyclic graph (DAG) as a graphical representation of the hypothesized causal effects of the aforementioned determinants on new reported cases of COVID-19. Based on this, we computed valid adjustment sets of the possible confounding factors. We collected data for Germany from publicly available sources (e.g. Robert Koch Institute, Germany’s National Meteorological Service, Google) for 401 German districts over the period of 15 February to 8 July 2020, and estimated total causal effects based on our DAG analysis by negative binomial regression. Our analysis revealed favorable causal effects of increasing temperature, increased public mobility for essential shopping (grocery and pharmacy), and awareness measured by COVID-19 burden, all of them reducing the outcome of newly reported COVID-19 cases. Conversely, we saw adverse effects of public mobility in retail and recreational areas, awareness measured by searches for “corona” in Google, and higher rainfall, leading to an increase in new COVID-19 cases. This comprehensive causal analysis of a variety of determinants affecting COVID-19 progression gives strong evidence for the driving forces of mobility, public awareness, and temperature, whose implications need to be taken into account for future decisions regarding pandemic management.
Short-term analysis and long-term predictions for the COVID-19 epidemic in a seasonality regime: the Italian case
Authors: Simoni Giulia , Fochesato Anna , Reali Federico , Giordano Giulia , Domenici Enrico , Marchetti Luca 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAs of July 14th, COVID-19 has caused in Italy 34.984 deaths and 243.344 infection cases. Strict lockdown policies were necessary to contain the first outbreak wave and prevent the Italian healthcare system from being overwhelmed by patients requiring intensive care. After the progressive reopening, predicting how the epidemic situation will evolve is urgent and fundamental to control any future outbreak and prevent a second wave. We defined a time-varying optimization procedure to repeatedly calibrate the SIDARTHE model1 with data up to June 24th. The computed parameter distributions allow us to robustly analyse how the epidemic situation evolved and outline possible future scenarios. Assuming a seasonal regime for COVID-19, we tested different lockdown policies. Our results suggest that an intermittent lockdown where six “open days” are allowed every other week may prevent a resurgent exponential outbreak and, at the same time, ease the societal burden of an extensive lockdown.
New insight of adrenal responses in premature neonates versus full term neonates in critical care setting
Authors: Razik Suzan Abd , Hashem Heba Ezzat , Ahmed Wafaa Osman 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAdequate adrenocortical function is essential for survival of critically ill neonates. Although most of them display elevated plasma cortisol concentrations, which reflects activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), yet; adrenocortical insufficiency is seen in septic shock. Objectives: Evaluate the HPA response in critically ill neonates with shock.Methodsthis prospective observational Participant: a total of 60 neonates divided into 3 groups;(A) 30 critical ill neonates with septic shock on inotropic support, (B)15 patients with sepsis with no inotropic support and(C) control group(n=15). Intervention: a single diurnal ACTH reading and two readings for serum cortisol level (diurnal and nocturnal).ResultsGram negative organism was more prevalent among the patients; 53%, 63% in groups A and B respectively. Group A showed Significant statistical hypotension before vasopressor drug administration (p<0.001) as compared to both groups. Group A showed Significant statistical improvement of blood pressure after vasopressor drug administration (p<0.001) as compared to both groups B, C. Serum cortisol was significantly higher in group A(57.21±24.31) and B (48.01±18.27), while it was lower in group C(19.57±16.05). A highly statistically significant rise of serum cortisol level(p=0.000) and ACTH(p=0.000) in group A when was compared to the other two groups.ConclusionThis study introduced a new pattern of serum cortisol response in neonates ranging from very high cortisol level to a near normal values; highlighting a state of glucocorticoid resistance in neonates and relative adrenal insufficiency.
Dense phenotyping from electronic health records enables machine-learning-based prediction of preterm birth
Authors: Abraham Abin , Le Brian , Kosti Idit , Straub Peter , Velez-Edwards Digna R. , Davis Lea K. , Newton J. M. , Muglia Louis J. , Rokas Antonis , Bejan Cosmin A. , Sirota Marina , Capra John A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIdentifying pregnancies at risk for preterm birth, one of the leading causes of worldwide infant mortality, has the potential to improve prenatal care. However, we lack broadly applicable methods to accurately predict preterm birth risk. The dense longitudinal information present in electronic health records (EHRs) is enabling scalable and cost-efficient risk modeling of many diseases, but EHR resources have been largely untapped in the study of pregnancy. Here, we apply machine learning to diverse data from EHRs to predict singleton preterm birth. Leveraging a large cohort of 35,282 deliveries, we find that machine learning models based on billing codes alone can predict preterm birth risk at various gestational ages (e.g., ROC-AUC=0.75, PR-AUC=0.40 at 28 weeks of gestation) and outperform comparable models trained using known risk factors (e.g., ROC-AUC=0.65, PR-AUC=0.25 at 28 weeks). Examining the patterns learned by the model reveals it stratifies deliveries into interpretable groups, including high-risk preterm birth sub-types enriched for distinct comorbidities. Our machine learning approach also predicts preterm birth sub-types (spontaneous vs. indicated), mode of delivery, and recurrent preterm birth. Finally, we demonstrate the portability of our approach by showing that the prediction models maintain their accuracy on a large, independent cohort (5,978 deliveries) from a different healthcare system. By leveraging rich phenotypic and genetic features derived from EHRs, we suggest that machine learning algorithms have great potential to improve medical care during pregnancy.
The Effect of Famotidine on SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Virus Replication
Authors: Loffredo Madeline , Lucero Hector , Chen Da-Yuan , O’Connell Aoife , Bergqvist Simon , Munawar Ahmad , Bandara Asanga , De Graef Steff , Weeks Stephen D. , Douam Florian , Saeed Mohsan , Munawar Ali H. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe lack of coronavirus-specific antiviral drugs has instigated multiple drug repurposing studies to redirect previously approved medicines for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus behind the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A recent, large-scale, retrospective clinical study showed that famotidine, when administered at a high dose to hospitalized COVID-19 patients, reduced the rates of intubation and mortality. A separate, patient-reported study associated famotidine use with improvements in mild to moderate symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. While a prospective, multi-center clinical study is ongoing, two parallelin silicostudies have proposed one of the two SARS-CoV-2 proteases, 3CLproor PLpro, as potential molecular targets of famotidine activity; however, this remains to be experimentally validated. In this report, we systematically analyzed the effect of famotidine on viral proteases and virus replication. Leveraging a series of biophysical and enzymatic assays, we show that famotidine neither binds with nor inhibits the functions of 3CLproand PLpro. Similarly, no direct antiviral activity of famotidine was observed at concentrations of up to 200 μM, when tested against SARS-CoV-2 in two different cell lines, including a human cell line originating from lungs, a primary target of COVID-19. These results rule out famotidine as a direct-acting inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication and warrant further investigation of its molecular mechanism of action in the context of COVID-19.
Lineage recording of zebrafish embryogenesis reveals historical and ongoing lineage commitments
Authors: Chen Zhuoxin , Ye Chang , Liu Zhan , Deng Shanjun , He Xionglei , Xu Jin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt has been challenging to characterize the lineage relationships among cells in vertebrates, which comprise a great number of cells. Fortunately, recent progress has been made by combining the CRISPR barcoding system with single-cell sequencing technologies to provide an unprecedented opportunity to track lineage at single-cell resolution. However, due to errors and/or dropouts introduced by amplification and sequencing, reconstruction of accurate lineage relationships in complex organisms remains a challenge. Thus, improvements in both experimental design and computational analysis are necessary for lineage inference. In this study, we employed single-cell Lineage tracing On Endogenous Scarring Sites (scLOESS), a lineage recording strategy based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system, to trace cell fate commitments for zebrafish larvae. With rigorous quality control, we demonstrated that lineage commitments of complex organisms could be inferred from a limited number of barcoding sites. Together with cell-type characterization, our method could homogenously recover lineage information. In combination with the cell-type and lineage information, we depicted the development histories for germ layers as well as cell types. Furthermore, when combined with trajectory analysis, our methods could capture and resolve the ongoing lineage commitment events to gain further biological insights into later development and differentiation in complex organisms.