bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding cough in interstitial lung disease: a cross‐sectional study on the adequacy of treatment
Authors: Lan Norris S. H. , Moore Irene , Lake Fiona 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCough is a common symptom in interstitial lung disease (ILD), often leading to treatment dissatisfaction for patients and physicians.AimTo identify the prevalence and subjective adequacy of control of cough in patients with ILD.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of patients with ILD attending a tertiary ILD clinic in Perth was undertaken using a pre‐designed questionnaire that patients were invited to complete when attending clinic. Cough severity and impact on quality of life were assessed using a visual analogue scale and the validated Leicester cough questionnaire. Participants were asked to list triggers of their cough and strategies or medications trialled to control cough.ResultsOf 164 respondents, 118 (72%) had cough, with prevalence common in all ILD subtypes. A lower forced vital capacity (FVC) was found in the cough group versus non‐cough group (74.6 ± 18.7 vs 87.0 ± 15.9, P‐value < 0.0001). Common reported triggers were lung irritants, exertion and doing routine daily activities. Avoidance of triggers was a common strategy to control cough. A high prevalence of non‐ILD causes of cough was recorded in both groups. A variety of medications had been trialled, including anti‐fibrotics, immunosuppression drugs, inhalers and proton pump inhibitors, with moderate benefit reported by 18% of participants.ConclusionsCough is prevalent in ILD but is not adequately suppressed. Cough has a significant impact on quality of life, leading patients to adopt their own strategies to control their cough. More research is needed to understand cough mechanisms in ILD and the interplay of other potential co‐pathologies.
Visual short‐term memory for overtly attended objects during infancy
Authors: Beckner Aaron G. , Cantrell Lisa M. , DeBolt Michaela C. , Martinez Marisa , Luck Steven J. , Oakes Lisa M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated limitations in young infants’ visual short‐term memory (VSTM). We used a one‐shot change detection task to ask whether 4‐ and 8.5‐month‐old infants (N = 59) automatically encode fixated items in VSTM. Our task included trials that consisted of the following sequence: first a brief (500 ms) presentation with a sample array of two items, next a brief (300 ms) delay period with a blank screen, and finally a test array (2,000 ms) identical to the sample array except that the color of one of the two items is changed. In Experiment 1, we induced infants to fixate one item by rotating it during the sample (the other item remained stationary). In Experiment 2, none of the items rotated. In both experiments, 4‐month‐old infants looked equally at the fixated item when it did and did not change color, providing no evidence that they encoded in VSTM the fixated item. In contrast, 8.5‐month‐old infants in Experiment 1 preferred the fixated item when it changed color from sample to test. Thus, 4‐month‐old infants do not appear to automatically encode fixated items in VSTM.
Root canal conicity estimation of primary maxillary central and lateral incisors—A study by Nano‐CT
Authors: Torres-Ramos Gilmer , Lucisano Marília Pacífico , Blanco-Victorio Daniel Jose , Ramírez‐Sotelo Laura Ricardina , Nelson‐Filho Paulo , Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra , Silva Lea Assed Bezerra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe objective of the study was to estimate the conicity of the root canals of maxillary central and lateral incisors by computed nanotomography (Nano‐CT).DesignThis in vitro study included nine extracted primary maxillary central incisors and 12 maxillary lateral incisors, which were subjected to Nano‐CT analysis. The resulting images of each tooth were reconstructed using the OnDemand3D software, and root canal area, volume, and taper analysis were performed using the free FreeCAD 0.18 software for the 3D computer‐aided design (CAD) model. Data were statistically analysed using the Stata v14.0 software, adopting a significance level of 5%.ResultsThe results presented the mean value of the diameter and area of the root canal of primary central and lateral incisors. In addition, the taper values for both dental groups between points D0‐D5, D5‐D7, and D7‐D10 were determined. Considering the diameters obtained over the entire length of the root, with a length of 12 mm, a conical model was constructed.ConclusionDetailed knowledge of root morphology of maxillary central and lateral incisors of primary dentition by means of Nano‐CT is important to achieve faster, more accurate, and efficient endodontic treatments.
Pigmented purpuric dermatosis in children: a retrospective cohort with emphasis on treatment and outcomes
Authors: Ollech A. , Paller A.S. , Kruse L. , Kenner‐Bell B. , Chamlin S. , Wagner A. , Shen L. , Yousif R. , Balmert L.C. , Mancini A.J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundData regarding the course and treatment of pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD) in the paediatric population are limited. Although treatments for pigmented purpura are not well established, vitamin C and rutoside have been reported to be an effective treatment option and are widely utilized.ObjectiveTo assess the clinical course and utility of vitamin C and rutoside in paediatric patients with PPD treated at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago between 2008 and 2018.MethodsA retrospective review of all children with PPD managed at our hospital between 2008 and 2018 was performed. Additional follow‐up was obtained via telephone interviews.ResultsA total of 101 patients met inclusion criteria. The female: male ratio was 1.3 : 1, and the median age at diagnosis was 8.8 years (IQR, 5.7–12.9). Median follow‐up was 7.13 months (IQR, 3–17.4). The most common PPD subtypes were lichen aureus (43%) and Schamberg (34%). Fifty‐three (52%) patients had evaluable follow‐up documentation via their medical record or phone questionnaire. Twenty‐eight patients were treated with vitamin C or rutoside or combination therapy. Twenty‐five patients received no treatment. Clearance of the rash was noted in 24 (45.3%) patients overall, including 10 (42%) patients in the treated group and 14 (58%) patients in the untreated group. Recurrence was noted in seven (13.2%) patients. Treatment with vitamin C and/or rutoside was well tolerated without side effects. None of the patients were subsequently diagnosed with vasculitis, coagulopathy or cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma.ConclusionPigmented purpuric dermatosis in children is a benign disorder with high rates of complete resolution. Treatment with vitamin C and rutoside is well tolerated, but in this cohort, there did not appear to be an advantage over watchful waiting without therapy.
Campylobacteriosis, consumer's risk perception, and knowledge associated with domestic poultry handling in Ireland
Authors: Myintzaw Peter , Moran Fintan , Jaiswal Amit K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCampylobacter is the chief cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in developed countries and poultry is considered as the main cause of infection. Nonetheless, of extensive scientific efforts to exterminate the Campylobacter and numerous measures currently implemented, it has not been successful to provide Campylobacter‐free poultry. Therefore, this study aimed to depict the level of perceived risk and identify the target groups who exhibit particularly unsafe behavior by surveying the general public residing in Ireland. A total of 1,171 participants from all over the Republic of Ireland contributed to the survey. Result reveals that a substantial number of consumers still lacks awareness. Not more than 9.5% were very knowledgeable, that is, those who attained 70% passing score and 30.7% attain a score between 50 and 70%. A total of 40.2% overall pass rate. Significant differences were found in their risk perception and gender (p ≤ .05), age (p ≤ .05), and education level (p ≤ .05). This study observed that male, age between 18 and 25 with primary or no qualification and living alone are the group who exhibit particularly unsafe behavior when preparing poultry and are require most in risk communication effort. By informing, elevating the awareness, and affirming the severity of the risk to the consumer, subsequently, the incidents of Campylobacteriosis can be reduced in the Irish population.
Dimensional Changes of Yttria‐stabilized Zirconia under Different Preparation Designs and Sintering Protocols
Authors: Ahmed Walaa Magdy , Troczynski Tom , Stojkova Biljana Jonoska , McCullagh Anthony P. , Wyatt Chris C. , Carvalho Ricardo Marins 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the linear and volumetric dimensional changes that occur throughout the fabrication process of monolithic 4.5‐6% yttria‐stabilized zirconia copings under the influence of different preparation designs and two sintering protocols.Materials and MethodsA titanium master die was fabricated using Atlantis core file implant‐abutment. Six copings were designed virtually according to different finish line offsets and coping thicknesses, with four equidistant occlusal posts for linear measurements. Zirconia copings were milled using IPS e.max ZirCAD LT zirconia blanks. The experimental groups according to the coping designs were the following: G1: 0.5 mm finish line offset, 0.5 mm thickness; G2: 0.5 mm finish line offset, 1.0 mm thickness; G3: 0.5 mm finish line offset, 1.5 mm thickness; G4: 1.2 mm finish line offset, 0.5 mm thickness; G5: 1.2 mm finish line offset, 1.0 mm thickness; G6: 1.2 mm finish line offset, 1.5 mm thickness. Six samples per group were sintered by standard sintering (SS) and the other six by fast sintering (FS). Linear and volumetric measurements were taken at the three fabrication stages (virtual design, milling stage, and sintering) by using an intraoral scanner and imported as the .stl file to Meshmixer software for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by a linear mixed effect model via statistical software R (R Core team, 2018).ResultsThere was a significant interaction between the coping design group, stage of fabrication and sintering protocol on the linear (F = 4.451, p < 0.001) and volumetric (F = 2.716; p < 0.001) dimensional changes. Standard sintering G1 showed the smallest linear and dimensional changes among the groups compared to the reference design. Sintered copings had shrunk on average 1.32% within SS and 1.54% within FS linearly and 3.82% within SS and 3.90% within FS volumetrically compared to the initial design parameters.ConclusionThe linear and volumetric dimensional changes did not differ significantly between standard and fast sintering protocols, and the preparation designs had more influence on the dimensional changes compared to sintering protocols.
Phenotypic expression of floral traits in hybrid zones provides insights into their genetic architecture
Authors: Scopece Giovanni , Palma‐Silva Clarisse , Cafasso Donata , Lexer Christian , Cozzolino Salvatore 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Information on the genetic architecture of phenotypic traits is helpful for constructing and testing models of the ecoevolutionary dynamics of natural populations. For plant groups with long life cycles there is a lack of line cross experiments that can unravel the genetic architecture of loci underlying quantitative traits.

To fill this gap, we propose the use of variation for phenotypic traits expressed in natural hybrid zones as an alternative approach. We used data from orchid hybrid zones and compared expected and observed patterns of phenotypic trait expression in different early‐generation hybrid classes identified by molecular genetic markers.

We found evidence of additivity, dominance, and epistatic interactions for different phenotypic traits.

We discuss the potential of this approach along with its limitations and suggest that it may represent a realistic way to gain an initial insight into the heritability and genomic architecture of traits in organismal groups with complex life history, such as orchids and many others.
EFFECTS OF ROMAN RULE ON THE SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH IBERIA: A GIS‐BASED APPROACH
Authors: Moreno Escobar María del Carmen , Ojeda‐Rivera Juan Francisco , García Sanjuán Leonardo 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn the last years, the matter of the Romanization of Baetica has started to receive more attention, thus reactivating a topic largely assumed to be unproblematic in earlier approaches. Stemming from this interest, the present paper reviews theoretical and methodological approaches applied so far in the study of Roman rule in Baetica, before proposing new conceptualizations, research methods and insights that should clarify the development of this process of cultural change in this province. For this purpose, a GIS‐based approach combining archaeological and geographic data is used to explore the settlement patterns and their diachronic transformation in two designated study areas (west Sierra Morena and Lands of Antequera). This approach provides the basis for a fresh understanding on how the local communities were transformed following the Roman intervention in southern Iberia.
Healthcare teams and patient‐related terminology: a review of concepts and uses
Authors: Flores‐Sandoval Cecilia , Sibbald Shannon , Ryan Bridget L. , Orange Joseph B. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundDiscussions concerning health care teams and patient‐related terminology remain an ongoing debate. Terms such as interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary, as well as interprofessional are ambiguously defined and frequently used, rightly or wrongly, interchangeably. Also, clarification on the terminology regarding patients is rarely explicitly addressed in the health care team’s literature, potentially resulting in confusion among health professional students, novice researchers, and practitioners.MethodsA structured literature review was conducted. Electronic searches were performed from August 2018 to September 2019 on the following databases: CINHAL, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Nursing and Allied Health and JSTOR. The following terms were used: ‘terminology’, ‘team(s)’, ‘nursing’, ‘health’, ‘medical’, ‘education’, ‘interprofessional’, ‘interdisciplinary’, ‘multidisciplinary’, ‘transdisciplinary’, ‘collaboration’, ‘patient’, ‘client’, ‘customer’, ‘user’ and ‘person’.ResultsSmall but significant nuances in the use of language and its implications for patient care can be made visible for health professional education and clinical practice. Healthcare is necessarily interdisciplinary and therefore we are obligated, and privileged, to think more critically about the use of terminology to ensure we are supporting high‐quality evidence and knowledge application.ConclusionTo avoid confusion and lack of consistency in the peer‐review literature, authors should be encouraged to offer brief definitions and the rationale for the use of a particular term or group of term. In addition, a deeper understanding of the values that each patient‐related term represents for particular disciplines or health care professions is essential to achieve a more comprehensive conceptual rigour.
How well do multispecies coalescent methods perform with mitochondrial genomic data? A case study of butterflies and moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Kim Min Jee , Kim Iksoo , Cameron Stephen L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the broad adoption of multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods for nuclear phylogenomics, they have yet to be applied to mitochondrial (mt) genomic data. As the potential sources of phylogenomic bias that MSC methods can address, such as incomplete lineage sorting, horizontal gene transfer and gene tree heterogeneity, have been found in mt genomic data, these approaches may improve the accuracy of phylogenetic inference with these data. In the present study, we examined the behaviour of MSC methods in reconstructing the phylogeny of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), a group for which mt genomic data are known to have strong resolving power. Traditional concatenation methods of analysing mt genomes for Lepidoptera infer topologies highly congruent with those generated from independent nuclear datasets. Individual mt gene trees performed poorly in recovering consensus relationships at deep levels (i.e. superfamily monophyly and inter‐relationships) and only moderately well for shallow relationships (i.e. within Papilionoidea). In contrast, MSC analyses with ASTRAL performed strongly with almost complete concordance to both concatenated mt genome analyses and independent nuclear analyses at both deep and shallow phylogenetic scales. Outgroup choice had a limited impact on tree accuracy, with even phylogenetically distant outgroups still resulting in topologies highly congruent with results from nuclear datasets, although MSC analyses appeared to be marginally more affected by outgroup choice than concatenation analyses. In general, discordance between concatenation and MSC analyses was found at nodes whose resolution varied between previous nuclear phylogenomic studies. The sensitivity of individual relationships to analysis with MSC vs concatenation can thus be used to test the robustness of phylogenetic hypotheses. For insect phylogenetics, MSC is a reliable inference method for mt genomic data and is thus a useful complement to the already widely used concatenation approaches.
Robust Tracking in Underactuated Systems Using Flatness-Based ADRC With Cascade Observers
Authors: Ramírez-Neria Mario , Madonski Rafal , Shao Sally , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, the problem of trajectory tracking in uncertain underactuated systems is considered. To solve it, a combination of differential flatness and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed. The controller design is synthesized in the absence of detailed knowledge of the system model and focuses on dealing with over-amplification of measurement noise, typically seen in conventional single high-gain observer-centered control approaches. The introduced solution is based on fully utilizing the information already available about the governed system, without the necessity for additional measurement devices. To be easily implementable, it is expressed in an industry familiar error-based form with a straightforward tuning method. Through experimental verification, the proposed approach is shown to enhance the disturbance-rejection capabilities of the standard ADRC structure and reduce its sensitivity to measurement noise, thus increasing its practical appeal.
Harvesting Energy From an Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite in a Steady Air Flow
Authors: Sward J. A. , Scott P. C. , Wayne P. J. , Jackson N. , Vorobieff P. , Lumia R. , Poroseva S. V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an investigation of a possibility for energy harvesting from a flexible material such as an ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) placed in a steady flow of air characteristic of conditions typical to a densely urbanized area. As electro-active devices require dynamic loading to produce current, their response is usually evaluated in unsteady and turbulent flows, where an electro-active polymer follows the movement of the medium surrounding the device. In our study, we examine the flow conditions at which flutter sets the IPMC strip in motion. Although flutter is often perceived as an unfavorable phenomenon for aerodynamic applications and civil structures, it may be beneficial for harvesting wind energy. Of particular interest is that this phenomenon may occur in a steady flow, which potentially expands the range of favorable flow conditions for energy harvesting. In the paper, the air speed at which flutter occurs and the speed range at which flutter is sustained are provided along with the estimated amount of power produced in an IPMC sample of specified dimensions.
Using Recurrent Neural Networks to Model Spatial Grammars for Design Creation
Authors: Yukish Michael A , Stump Gary M , Miller Simon W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The authors present preliminary results on successfully training a recurrent neural network to learn a spatial grammar embodied in a data set, and then generate new designs that comply with the grammar but are not from the data set, demonstrating generalized learning. For the test case, the data were created by first exercising generative context-free spatial grammar representing physical layouts that included infeasible designs due to geometric interferences and then removing the designs that violated geometric constraints, resulting in a data set from a design grammar that is of a higher complexity context-sensitive grammar. A character recurrent neural network (char-RNN) was trained on the positive remaining results. Analysis shows that the char-RNN was able to effectively learn the spatial grammar with high reliability, and for the given problem with tuned hyperparameters, having up to 98% success rate compared to a 62% success rate when randomly sampling the generative grammar. For a more complex problem where random sampling results in only 18% success, a trained char-RNN generated feasible solutions with an 89% success rate. Further, the char-RNN also generated designs differing from the training set at a rate of over 99%, showing generalized learning.
A Knowledge Graph-Aided Concept–Knowledge Approach for Evolutionary Smart Product–Service System Development
Authors: Li Xinyu , Chen Chun-Hsien , Zheng Pai , Wang Zuoxu , Jiang Zuhua , Jiang Zhixing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to meet user expectations and to optimize user experience with a higher degree of flexibility and sustainability, the Smart product–service system (Smart PSS), as a novel value proposition paradigm considering both online and offline smartness, was proposed. However, conventional manners for developing PSS require many professional consultations and still cannot meet with the new features of Smart PSS, such as user context-awareness and ever-evolving knowledge management. Therefore, aiming to assist Smart PSS development cost-effectively, this paper adopted the knowledge graph (KG) technique and concept–knowledge (C-K) model to propose an evolutionary design approach. Two knowledge graphs are firstly established with open-source knowledge, prototype specifications, and user-generated textual data. Then, triggered by personalized requirements, four KG-aided C-K operators are conducted based on graph-based query patterns and computational linguistics algorithms, thus generating innovative solutions for evolving Smart PSS. To validate the performance of the proposed approach, a case study of a smart nursing bed fulfilling multiple personalized requirements is conducted, and the evaluation result of its knowledge evolution is acceptable. It hopes that this work can offer insightful guidance to industrial organizations in their development of Smart PSS.
Simultaneous Packing and Routing Optimization Using Geometric Projection
Authors: Jessee Alex , Peddada Satya R. T. , Lohan Danny J. , Allison James T. , James Kai A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A new method for optimizing the layout of device-routing systems is presented. Gradient-based topology optimization techniques are used to simultaneously optimize both device locations and routing paths of device interconnects. In addition to geometric considerations, this method supports optimization based on system behavior by including physics-based objectives and constraints. Multiple physics domains are modeled using lumped parameter and finite element models. A geometric projection for devices of arbitrary polygonal shape is developed along with sensitivity analysis. Two thermal-fluid systems are optimized to demonstrate the use of this method.