bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acrolein Aggravates Secondary Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Through Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Mice
Authors: Wu Xun , Cui Wenxing , Guo Wei , Liu Haixiao , Luo Jianing , Zhao Lei , Guo Hao , Zheng Longlong , Bai Hao , Feng Dayun , Qu Yan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClinical advances in the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are restricted by the incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to secondary brain injury. Acrolein is a highly active unsaturated aldehyde which has been implicated in many nervous system diseases. Our results indicated a significant increase in the level of acrolein after ICH in mouse brain. In primary neurons, acrolein induced an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of reactive oxidative species, and release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. Mechanistically, acrolein facilitated the translocation of dynamin-related protein1 (Drp1) from the cytoplasm onto the mitochondrial membrane and led to excessive mitochondrial fission. Further studies found that treatment with hydralazine (an acrolein scavenger) significantly reversed Drp1 translocation and the morphological damage of mitochondria after ICH. In parallel, the neural apoptosis, brain edema, and neurological functional deficits induced by ICH were also remarkably alleviated. In conclusion, our results identify acrolein as an important contributor to the secondary brain injury following ICH. Meanwhile, we uncovered a novel mechanism by which Drp1-mediated mitochondrial oxidative damage is involved in acrolein-induced brain injury.
Mechanical properties of hot-pressed high-entropy diboride-based ceramics
Authors: Liu Ji-Xuan , Shen Xiao-Qin , Wu Yue , Li Fei , Liang Yongcheng , Zhang Guo-Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh-entropy ceramics attract more and more attention in recent years. However, mechanical properties especially strength and fracture toughness for high-entropy ceramics and their composites have not been comprehensively reported. In this work, high-entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta 0.2)B2 (HEB) monolithic and its composite containing 20 vol% SiC (HEB–20SiC) are prepared by hot pressing. The addition of SiC not only accelerates the densification process but also refines the microstructure of HEB, resulting in improved mechanical properties. The obtained dense HEB and HEB–20SiC ceramics hot pressed at 1800 ℃ exhibit four-point flexural strength of 339±17 MPa and 447±45 MPa, and fracture toughness of 3.81±0.40 MPa·m1/2 and 4.85±0.33 MPa·m1/2 measured by single-edge notched beam (SENB) technique. Crack deflection and branching by SiC particles is considered to be the main toughening mechanisms for the HEB–20SiC composite. The hardness Hv0.2 of the sintered HEB and HEB–20SiC ceramics is 23.7±0.7 GPa and 24.8±1.2 GPa, respectively. With the increase of indentation load, the hardness of the sintered ceramics decreases rapidly until the load reaches about 49 N, due to the indentation size effect. Based on the current experimental investigation it can be seen that the room temperature bending strength and fracture toughness of the high-entropy diboride ceramics are within ranges commonly observed in structure ceramics.
Mechanoregulation in Hematopoiesis and Hematologic Disorders
Authors: Horton Paulina D. , Dumbali Sandeep , Wenzel Pamela L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are reliant on intrinsic and extrinsic factors for tight control of self-renewal, quiescence, differentiation, and homing. Given the intimate relationship between HSCs and their niche, increasing numbers of studies are examining how biophysical cues in the hematopoietic microenvironment impact HSC functions.

Recent Findings
Numerous mechanosensors are present on hematopoietic cells, including integrins, mechanosensitive ion channels, and primary cilia. Integrin-ligand adhesion, in particular, has been found to be critical for homing and anchoring of HSCs and progenitors in the bone marrow. Integrin-mediated interactions with ligands present on extracellular matrix and endothelial cells are key to establishing long-term engraftment and quiescence of HSCs. Importantly, disruption in the architecture and cellular composition of the bone marrow associated with conditioning regimens and primary myelofibrosis exposes HSCs to a profoundly distinct mechanical environment, with potential implications for progression of hematologic dysfunction and pathologies.

Summary
Study of the mechanobiological signals that govern hematopoiesis represents an important future step toward understanding HSC biology in homeostasis, aging, and cancer.
The Relationship Between Gender Role Orientation and Sexual Health Care in Taiwanese Nurses: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Huang Cheng-Yi , Liou Chiou-Fang , Lee Shu-Hsin , Tsai Li-Ya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Patients’ sexual concerns are private, sensitive issues, and providing sexual health care (SHC) is a legitimate area of concern for the nursing practice.

Aims
This study tests a structural equation model for factors that affect SHC among Taiwanese nurses.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed between August 2014 and July 2015. A total of 471 registered nurses from a medical center in Taiwan were enrolled in this study. All nurses participated anonymously and completed 3 questionnaires: Nursing Attitude in Sexual Health Care scale, Nursing Intervention in Sexual Health scale, and Gender Role Orientation scale. The Permission-Limited Information-Specific Suggestions-Intensive Therapy model based on scale was application, and theory of planned behavior was used to examine the relationship of these 3 scales in nurses.

Main Outcome Measures
SHC surveys were developed for nurses. These valid and reliable instruments included Nursing Attitude in Sexual Health Care, Nursing Intervention in Sexual Health, and Gender Role Orientation.

Results
The fitted structural equation model was valid. The construct reliability of latent variables ranged from 0.730 to 0.942, which met the requirement of 0.70. The attitude about SHC (β = 0.182, P &lt; .001), subjective norms on SHC (β = 0.146, P &lt; .001), and confidence about SHC (β = 0.583, P &lt; .001) had significant effects on the behavioral intention to provide SHC. Subsequently, the behavioral intention to provide SHC had a significant, direct effect on the behavioral frequency of providing SHC (β = 0.356, P &lt; .001). However, gender role orientation was not significantly associated with behavioral intention and behavioral frequency to provide SHC.

Conclusions
The good fit for the structural equation model suggests that the predictors of behavioral intention and behaviors of providing SHC include attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control. The stronger behavioral intention of providing SHC resulted in a higher frequency of providing SHC. However, the relationship between gender role orientation and SHC had no significant effect.
Huang C-Y, Liou C-F, Lee S-H, et al. The Relationship Between Gender Role Orientation and Sexual Health Care in Taiwanese Nurses: A Structural Equation Model. Sex Med 2020;8:565–573.
Automated detection and characterization of Antarctic basal units using radar sounding data: demonstration in Institute Ice Stream, West Antarctica
Authors: Goldberg Madison L. , Schroeder Dustin M. , Castelletti Davide , Mantelli Elisa , Ross Neil , Siegert Martin J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBasal units – visibly distinct englacial structures near the ice-bed interface – warrant investigation for a number of reasons. Many are of unknown composition and origin, characteristics that could provide substantial insight into subglacial processes and ice-sheet history. Their significance, moreover, is not limited to near-bed depths; these units appear to dramatically influence the flow of surrounding ice. In order to enable improved characterization of these features, we develop and apply an algorithm that allows for the automatic detection of basal units. We use a tunable layer-optimized SAR processor to distinguish these structures from the bed, isochronous englacial layers and the ice-sheet surface, presenting a conceptual framework for the use of radio-echo character in the identification of ice-sheet features. We also outline a method by which our processor could be used to place observational constraints on basal units’ configuration, composition and provenance.
Mindfulness moments for clinicians in the midst of a pandemic
Authors: Hedderman E. , O’Doherty V. , O’Connor S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClinicians are routinely subjected to intense and stressful working environments, and the current COVID-19 crisis increases their risk of psychological distress. Mindfulness has been shown to improve life satisfaction, resilience to stress, self-compassion, compassion and general well-being in healthcare workers. Based on their clinical experience, the authors present mindfulness moments for clinicians (MMFC), a selection of short, simple and accessible mindfulness practices to promote resilience and compassion among clinicians working in this pandemic. The practices can be used on the job and are accessible to both novice and experienced meditators. Most of these practices are extracted from evidence-based mindfulness programmes. Further research is indicated to assess the effectiveness of using MMFC to support clinicians in their work and to promote resilience.
FREEDOM IN HANDCUFFS: RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN THE CONSTITUTION OF CHINA
Authors: Li Songfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArticle 36 of the Chinese Constitution tells only part of the story about religious freedom in China. The Chinese constitution establishes five restrictions on the religious freedom described in Article 36. First, the Chinese Constitution establishes state atheism as an official ideology. All Chinese citizens, whether religious believers or not, are required to be educated in Marxist ideology and under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Second, religious freedom, along with other rights in the Chinese Constitution, are merely legal rights, rather than fundamental rights. The National People's Congress can therefore pass legislation limiting individuals’ religious freedom. Third, the Chinese Constitution enumerates basic obligations of citizens that limit religious freedom. Fourth, Article 36 protects only the inner freedom of religious belief, not freedom for religious practice. Finally, the second half of Article 36 places limitations on religious practices. Religious freedom in the Chinese Constitution is thus a highly limited freedom. To improve religious freedom protections in China it is necessary to amend the Constitution rather than simply promote full implementation in its current form.
Reading with the colonial in the life of Shaykh Musa Kamara, a Muslim scholar-saint
Authors: Marsh Wendell 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe colonial-era Senegalese Muslim intellectual Shaykh Musa Kamara is best known for his over 1,700-page Arabic-language text about the history and social organization of the greater Western Sahel,Zuhūr al-basātīn fī tārīkh al-Sawādīn(Flowers in the Gardens in the History of the Blacks). Long celebrated by nationalist historiography as proof of an autochthonous historical consciousness and a spirit of tolerance, his status as a point of reference has been renewed in the contemporary context of Islamist political violence in the region. However, these receptions do not account for Kamara's own intellectual project, nor do they exhaust the possible readings of him in the present. In addition to thinking about Senegal in terms that cohere with the modern, Kamara also offers a way of thinking about the Muslim-majority West African country, and the greater Western Sahel more generally, in terms that have emerged from the historical specificity of the region. These include saintly subjectivity, notions of power irreducible to either the religious or the political, and a method of genealogical criticism. Importantly, he developed these ideas at the moment when a consensus about the place of Islam in colonial governance was being elaborated. Revisiting his body of work permits us to consider an analytical language about an African society with deep histories of Islam and an intellectual elaboration that was expressed within and sought to intervene in a colonial context.
Margaret Akiiki Rwaheru v Uganda Revenue Authority
Authors: Solomon Rukundo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractValue Added Tax (VAT) is a tax on the value added at each stage of the production and distribution process and on the importation of goods. VAT registered importers in Uganda are charged the statutory VAT rate of 18 per cent, however, importers that are not VAT registered are charged both the 18 per cent and an additional 15 per cent, which is designated “Domestic VAT”. The statutory basis of the 15 per cent is unclear. Domestic VAT appears to be a tax created by the Uganda Revenue Authority in a bid to raise revenue from a largely non-compliant base. The legality of the tax was challenged inMargaret Akiiki Rwaheru and 13,945 Others v Uganda Revenue Authority. The court ruled that Domestic VAT was irregular when applied to importers who qualified to register for VAT but had not registered, but was illegal when applied to importers who did not qualify to register for VAT. Despite this ruling, the URA has continued to charge all importers Domestic VAT, regardless of whether they qualify to register for VAT. This article seeks to re-examine the legality of Domestic VAT.
The knowledge that went up in smoke: Reindeer herders’ traditional knowledge of smoked reindeer meat in literature
Authors: Hansen Kia Krarup , Moldenæs Turid , Mathiesen Svein Disch 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing a literature review, this paper defines the knowledge status of smoked reindeer meat and investigates to what degree reindeer herders’ traditional knowledge has been included in scientific articles and grey literature. We developed a four-level categorisation of the degree of including traditional knowledge, from “non-participation” to “self-determination,” and three levels of focus. Very few scientific articles on smoked or smoking reindeer meat appeared in the review. Not only did reindeer peoples’ traditional meat smoking knowledge “went up in smoke”—both literally and metaphorically—but also incorrect conclusions were often drawn as a result of that exclusion. We argue that reindeer herders’ traditional knowledges and practices of smoking reindeer meat need examination and inclusion through co-production or self-determination methods across scientific disciplines.
Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs, mistrust, and compliance with government guidelines in England
Authors: Freeman Daniel , Waite Felicity , Rosebrock Laina , Petit Ariane , Causier Chiara , East Anna , Jenner Lucy , Teale Ashley-Louise , Carr Lydia , Mulhall Sophie , Bold Emily , Lambe Sinéad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn invisible threat has visibly altered the world. Governments and key institutions have had to implement decisive responses to the danger posed by the coronavirus pandemic. Imposed change will increase the likelihood that alternative explanations take hold. In a proportion of the general population there may be strong scepticism, fear of being misled, and false conspiracy theories. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of conspiracy thinking about the pandemic and test associations with reduced adherence to government guidelines.MethodsA non-probability online survey with 2501 adults in England, quota sampled to match the population for age, gender, income, and region.ResultsApproximately 50% of this population showed little evidence of conspiracy thinking, 25% showed a degree of endorsement, 15% showed a consistent pattern of endorsement, and 10% had very high levels of endorsement. Higher levels of coronavirus conspiracy thinking were associated with less adherence to all government guidelines and less willingness to take diagnostic or antibody tests or to be vaccinated. Such ideas were also associated with paranoia, general vaccination conspiracy beliefs, climate change conspiracy belief, a conspiracy mentality, and distrust in institutions and professions. Holding coronavirus conspiracy beliefs was also associated with being more likely to share opinions.ConclusionsIn England there is appreciable endorsement of conspiracy beliefs about coronavirus. Such ideas do not appear confined to the fringes. The conspiracy beliefs connect to other forms of mistrust and are associated with less compliance with government guidelines and greater unwillingness to take up future tests and treatment.
Changes in dietary patterns when females engage in a weight management programme and their ability to meet Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition’s fibre and sugar recommendations
Authors: Strathearn Lauren , Kaçar HK , Avery A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate how dietary patterns (DP) change following engagement in a weight management programme. Using the DP identified, to study their relationship with weight loss achieved and ability to meet the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition’s 2015 fibre and sugar recommendations.Design:Secondary analysis of FFQ data, which collected dietary information at two time points: retrospectively before (T0) and presently during (T1) Slimming World’s programme, was analysed. Principal component analysis derived the DP present.Setting:Online FFQ, hosted by Slimming World (SW) in the UK.Participants:Female SW members (n 325; 17–68 years old).Results:At T0, two DP, ‘plant based’ and ‘processed meat and sugar added by the consumer’ were identified. At T1, three DP were identified, ‘high meat’, ‘high fat salt and sugar (HFSS) products’ and ‘nuts and oils’. Participants with a diet low in ‘HFSS products’ lost significantly more weight (P for trend = 0·001), were more likely to consume breakfast (P = 0·021) and consumed less free sugar compared with high ‘HFSS product’ consumers. Those initially presenting with a low ‘plant based’ diet score lost more weight at T1 (P for trend = 0·046). With engagement, mean fibre intake increased from 24·3 to 32·4 g/d (P < 0·001) and free sugar intake decreased from 12·6 to 8·7 % total dietary energy (P < 0·001).Conclusions:An individual’s DP before and with engagement in a weight management programme may indicate their weight loss success. Advising reduced HFSS product intake may aid initial weight loss. SW appears to promote dietary changes towards UK fibre and sugar recommendations.
Association between retinol intake and hyperuricaemia in adults
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Sun Jianping , Guo Yan , Han Minghui , Yang Fan , Sun Yongye 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Current evidences on the association between hyperuricaemia and retinol intake remain inconsistent. Furthermore, no known studies have investigated the relationship between hyperuricaemia and retinol intake from animal food and plant food separately. This study aimed to assess the relationship between different sources of retinol intake and risk of hyperuricaemia among US adults.Design:Univariate and multivariate weighted logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the associations of total, animal-derived and plant-derived retinol intakes with the risk of hyperuricaemia. Dietary retinol was measured through two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Hyperuricaemia was defined as serum uric acid level ≥7·0 and ≥6·0 mg/dl in men and women, respectively.Setting:Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014 were used in this cross-sectional study.Participants:Overall, 12 869 participants aged ≥20 years were included.Results:Compared with the lowest quintile, the multivariable OR of hyperuricaemia for the highest quintile intake of total, animal-derived and plant-derived retinol were 0·71 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·96), 0·76 (95 % CI 0·59, 0·96) and 0·92 (95 % CI 0·72, 1·17), respectively. The inverse association between dietary intake of total retinol and the risk of hyperuricaemia was observed in men. Dose–response analyses revealed a novel linear trend between the risk of hyperuricaemia and total, animal-derived retinol intake separately.Conclusions:Our findings indicated that intakes of total and animal-derived retinol were negatively associated with hyperuricaemia in US adults.
Excessive pricing in the pharmaceutical industry: adding another string to the bow of EU competition law
Authors: Danieli Diletta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper addresses the issue of excessive price abuse under Article 102(a) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), by drawing inspiration from a recent stream of cases (developed first at the national and then at the EU level) involving pharmaceutical companies marketing off-patent drugs. In particular, the two ‘most advanced’ cases are analysed:Aspenin Italy andPfizer/Flynnin the United Kingdom. This new-found attention towards exploitative practices in the form of excessive and unfair pricing by dominant undertakings that have traditionally been subject to a cautious antitrust scrutiny seems worth exploring for a number of reasons, as illustrated in the paper. Ultimately, it is argued that this further ‘interference’ of competition law into the realms of regulation may be actually justified, albeit subject to precise conditions for enforcement, and may pursue policy objectives in the wider context of EU health law.
The Psychometric Structure of the Spanish Language Version of The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure in Spain and Chile
Authors: Buunk Abraham , Barelds Dick , Urzúa M. Alfonso , Zurriaga Rosario , González-Navarro Pilar , Dijkstra Pieternel D. , Gibbons Frederick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present study investigated the structure of the Spanish version of the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM-E), an 11-item measure that assesses individual differences in social comparison orientation (SCO), i.e., the extent to which people compare themselves with others. Data came from samples from Spain (n = 1,133) and Chile (n = 2,757). Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Mokken Scale Analyses supported in both samples not the assumed two-factor structure, but a single factor structure, consisting of eight items. The resulting eight-item version of the INCOM-E was reliable in both samples, according the Gutmann’s lambda–2 (.82 in Spain and .83 in Chile), and correlated very strongly with the full-length INCOM-E (.93 in Spain and .97 in Chile). In both samples, there were significant sex differences, ps < .001 with small effect sizes, ƞ2 in both samples = .01,but in the Spanish sample women scored higher, and in the Chilean sample men scored higher in SCO. The relationship with age was negative and significant (ps < .001) in both samples, albeit small (r = .22 in Spain and .13 in Chile) Based on the present research, it is advised to use the shortened eight-item version of the INCOM-E in Spanish speaking countries.