bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of various fused heterocyclic rings from thiazolopyridine and their pharmacological and antimicrobial evaluations
Authors: Mahmoud Naglaa F. H. , Balamon Mina G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVarious fused‐heterocyclic‐derivatives containing thiazolopyridine moieties has been synthesized by allowing 5‐aminothiazolo[3,2‐a]pyridine derivative 1 to undergo annulations reactions with different reagents under different‐reaction conditions. The biological assessment of compounds 2, 11, 14, 15, and 19 showed remarkable antimicrobial activities. In addition, selected derivatives of the products were screened for their anticancer activities against two tumor cell lines using MTT assay and the results showed that some of these compounds have potent cytotoxic effect, as concluded from their IC50 values. Meanwhile, compounds 3a, 7 have exhibited very strong potency as anticancer candidates. Thiazolopyridine structures have been confirmed as a useful lead compounds for the development of new anticancer agents. Molecular docking showed that,‐some of the synthesized compounds more suitable inhibitor against‐ALR2 with farther alteration in future.
Efficient one‐pot synthesis of novel 6′,9′‐dihydro‐2H,7′H‐spiro[pyrimidine‐5,8′‐[1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐f]quinoline]‐2,4,6(1H,3H)‐trione derivatives under mild and “green” reaction conditions
Authors: Ebrahimi Seyed Esmaeil Sadat , Nozari Nasrin , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Yahya‐Meymandi Azadeh , Foroumadi Alireza , Larijani Bagher , Biglar Mahmood , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient method is introduced for the synthesis of 7′,9′‐disubstituted 6′,9′‐dihydro‐2H,7′H‐spiro[pyrimidine‐5,8′‐[1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐f]quinoline]‐2,4,6(1H,3H)‐trione derivatives under mild and “green” reaction conditions. The method is based on one‐pot multicomponent reaction of an aldehyde, barbituric acid, and benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐amine in ethanol as a green and environmentally friendly solvent. The reaction has given the products in the highest isolated yield in the presence of acetic acid as catalyst under reflux conditions. Various aldehydes, bearing electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing functionalities have been used under the optimized conditions and successfully gave the desired products (13 examples) in high isolated yields.
Detection of GM1‐gangliosidosis in newborn dried blood spots by enzyme activity and biomarker assays using tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Su Peiling , Khaledi Hamid , Waggoner Christine , Gelb Michael H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGM1‐gangliosidosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of β‐galactosidase (GLB1). Newborn screening (NBS) may be warranted in the near future given the initiation of a number of gene therapy clinical trials. Here, we report a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) enzymatic assay of GLB1 using dried blood spots (DBS), and the demonstration that GLB1 activities in newborn DBS from seven GM1‐gangliosidosis patients are well below those measured in random newborn DBS. MS/MS analysis of two glycan biomarkers, dp5 and A2G2, shows high elevation in newborn DBS from GM1‐gangliosidosis compared to the levels in the nonaffected reference range.
Zonisamide promotes survival of human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived dopaminergic neurons in the striatum of female rats
Authors: Miyawaki Yoshifumi , Samata Bumpei , Kikuchi Tetsuhiro , Nishimura Kaneyasu , Takahashi Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe transplantation of dopaminergic (DA) progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells improves the behavior of Parkinson's disease model animals. However, the survival of DA progenitors is low, and the final yield of DA neurons is only approximately 0.3%–2% the number of transplanted cells. Zonisamide (ZNS) increases the number of survived DA neurons upon the transplantation of mouse‐induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell‐derived DA progenitors in the rat striatum. In this study, we induced DA progenitors from human iPS cells and transplanted them into the striatum of female rats with daily administration of ZNS. The number of survived DA neurons was evaluated 1 and 4 months after transplantation by immunohistochemistry, which revealed that the number of survived DA neurons was significantly increased with the administration of ZNS. To assess the mechanism of action of ZNS, we performed a gene expression analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in striatum treated with or without ZNS. The analysis revealed that the expression of SLIT‐and NTRK‐like protein 6 (SLITRK6) was upregulated in rat striatum treated with ZNS. In conclusion, ZNS promotes the survival of DA neurons after the transplantation of human‐iPS cell‐derived DA progenitors in the rat striatum. SLITRK6 is suggested to be involved in this supportive effect of ZNS by modulating the environment of the host brain.
WRF‐based dynamical downscaling of ERA5 reanalysis data for High Mountain Asia: Towards a new version of the High Asia Refined analysis
Authors: Wang Xun , Tolksdorf Vanessa , Otto Marco , Scherer Dieter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe High Asia Refined analysis (HAR) is a regional atmospheric data set generated by dynamical downscaling of the Final operational global analysis (FNL) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. It has been successfully and widely utilized. A new version (HAR v2) with longer temporal coverage and extended domains is currently under development. ERA5 reanalysis data is used as forcing data. This study aims to find the optimal set‐up for the production of the HAR v2 to provide similar or even better accuracy as the HAR. First, we conducted a sensitivity study, in which different cumulus, microphysics, planetary boundary layer, and land surface model schemes were compared and validated against in situ observations. The technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was applied to identify the best schemes. Snow depth in ERA5 is overestimated in High Mountain Asia (HMA) and causes a cold bias in the WRF output. Therefore, we used Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis (JRA‐55) to correct snow depth initialized from ERA5 based on the linear scaling approach. After applying the best schemes identified by the TOPSIS method and correcting the initial snow depth, the model performance improves. Finally, we applied the improved set‐up for the HAR v2 and computed a one‐year run for 2011. Compared to the HAR, the HAR v2 has a better representation of air temperature at 2 m. It produces slightly higher precipitation amounts, but the spatial distribution of seasonal mean precipitation is closer to observations.
Socioeconomic risk of droughts under a 2.0°C warmer climate: Assessment of population and GDP exposures to droughts in China
Authors: Liu Yujie , Chen Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocioeconomic development and natural ecosystems of China are strongly affected by droughts. The socioeconomic risk of droughts in China should be quantified under climate change. This study assessed drought impacts on population and gross domestic product (GDP) under the 2.0°C‐warmer climate scenario, by implementing multiple general circulation model (GCM) simulations under the representative concentration pathway (RCP). Using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), we calculated drought frequencies in the base period (1986–2005) and 2.0°C‐warmer climate (2040–2059 in RCP4.5). Then, population and GDP exposures were evaluated by combining the drought frequency with population and GDP simulations under a shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP). Droughts were likely to occur more frequently under the 2°C‐warmer climate, especially for inland areas of northern China (i.e., Xinjiang, Xizang, Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Gansu provinces), consisting mainly of mild and moderate droughts. Population exposure to drought was projected at 4.94 ± 0.36 × 109 person‐months, around 2% increase over the base period value. GDP exposure would increase significantly to 2.08 ± 0.15 × 1014 PPP $‐months, approximately 14‐fold over the base period. Probability analysis showed nearly 50% of the grid cells of China's entire territory undergoing more than an 11‐fold increase in GDP exposure. Our findings indicated the climate and GDP effects were primary contributors, respectively, to the changed population and GDP exposures to drought. Population and GDP exposures were distributed unequally across the country, having a large impact in the east where both population and economic activity are highly agglomerated. Our results reveal an urgent need to design and implement effective adaptation measures to overcome droughts, especially in eastern China.
The impacts of late spring soil moisture in the Tibetan Plateau on summer precipitation in eastern China
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Lai Xin , Gong Yuanfa , Chen Jinlei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Community Land Model version 4.5(CLM4.5), driven by the atmospheric forcing dataset CRUNCEP, was used to simulate the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil moisture across the Tibetan Plateau from 1981 to 2016. Compared with station data and two reanalysis products (i.e., the ERA‐Interim and GLDAS‐CLM), it is found that CLM4.5 can well reproduce the spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture in the Tibetan Plateau. This study reveals the relationship between soil moisture on the Tibetan Plateau in May and summer precipitation in eastern China and the physical mechanism for the impact of soil moisture on summer precipitation. Singular value decomposition (SVD)analysis shows that the surface soil moisture in the south‐central Tibetan Plateau was positively related to the summer precipitation in South China and negatively related to that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Northeast China. The soil moisture in the western Tibetan Plateau was the opposite of that in the south‐central region. The wetter the surface soil moisture in the south‐central Tibetan Plateau in May was, the lower the surface temperature, sensible heat flux and net longwave radiation flux, and the higher the latent heat flux and net shortwave radiation flux and leading to weaker surface heating. In contrast, lower surface soil moisture in the western Tibetan Plateau led to stronger surface heating. This led to a weaker western Pacific subtropical high and a more northerly rain belt. The weather in South China was controlled by large cyclonic circulations forming convergences and updrafts that led to more rainfall in South China. The precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Northeast China was less under the control of the anomalous anticyclone than that in South China, and vice versa.
Fluorinated indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistor with reduced vulnerability to hydrogen‐induced degradation
Authors: Wang Sisi , Li Jiapeng , Shi Runxiao , Xia Zhihe , Lu Lei , Kwok Hoi Sing , Wong Man 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThin‐film transistors (TFTs) based on amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide channels with or without fluorination were fabricated. The sensitivity of their electrical characteristics to hydrogen exposure was compared. It is shown that TFTs built with fluorinated channels exhibit significantly improved intrinsic resistance against hydrogen‐induced degradation; hence, they are potentially better suited for integration with hydrogen‐containing devices such as photo‐diodes based on amorphous hydrogenated silicon and TFTs based on low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon. The observed improvement correlates well with a reduced population of oxygen‐related defects and reduced hydrogen incorporation in the fluorinated channels.
Correlation between ion impurity in thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light‐emitting diode materials and device lifetime
Authors: Inoue Masaru , Oyabu Noriaki , Kaneko Yoshiyuki , Kim Jun‐Yun , Yang Joong‐Hwan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe propose a measurement method of ion impurity amounts of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) green dopant powders in a solution by applying a triangle voltage waveform and measuring a small displacement current that has been developed for screening and optimization of materials for thin‐film transistor‐liquid crystal displays (TFT‐LCDs). We found that there is a strong correlation between ion impurity and organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) lifetime, and we confirmed that the TADF green dopant, having a large number of ion impurity, has short OLED lifetime.
Negative‐pressure wound therapy does not reduce superficial SSI in pancreatectomy and hepatectomy procedures
Authors: O'Neill Conor H. , Martin Robert C. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionSurgical site infections (SSIs) lead to increased morbidity and cost. Negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) removes wound exudate and improves local blood flow, but its effect on SSI is unproven following hepatectomy and pancreatectomy. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of NPWT on SSI in this population.MethodsPatients were randomized to incisional NPWT or sterile island dressing following surgery. SSI predictive factors were recorded as well as patient comorbidities. Wound complications and type of SSI were recorded prospectively.ResultsForty patients received the standardized perioperative bundle. Twenty patients received sterile island: 11 hepatic and 9 pancreatic resections; 20 patients received NPWT: 11 hepatic and 9 pancreatic resections; 23 patients were male; mean age 60.8 years (SD ±10.3); mean BMI 31.7 (SD ±7.0). There were three incisional wound infections: two with sterile island, one with NPWT; six organ space infections: four sterile island and two NPWT. There were no significant differences in SSI rates between groups (P = .57).ConclusionNPWT does not improve SSI rates over simple sterile dressing following hepatectomy or pancreatectomy. Improvements in SSI must be directed toward organ‐space infections, which are unaffected by NPWT.
Gauging the efficacy of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients with known axillary disease
Authors: Hammond Jacob B. , Parnall Taylor H. , Scott Derek W. , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Ernst Brenda J. , Northfelt Donald W. , McCullough Ann E. , Ocal Idris Tolgay , Cronin Patricia A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNeoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) for ER+ breast cancer can downstage primary tumors. We evaluated NET efficacy in node‐positive patients.MethodsNode‐positive patients undergoing NET for ER+ breast cancer from 2012 to 2019 were reviewed. Primary endpoints included rates of axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND), pathologic complete response (pCR), and final nodal staging.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were included. Before NET, all were clinically node‐positive (cN1 = 36, 94%; cN2 = 2, 5%; cN3 = 1, 3%; Stage II = 23, 59%, Stage III = 16, 41%). After NET, nine (23%) had clinically persistent axillary disease necessitating ALND. The remaining 30 (77%) underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Of these, 25 (83%) were SLNB+ on frozen section, undergoing immediate ALND. Five patients were negative on frozen section: one had a confirmed axillary pCR, and four had residual nodal disease on permanent pathology. One underwent delayed ALND, and for the remaining three patients, decision was made to forgo ALND. Final overall axillary staging was: N0 (pCR) = 1, 3%, pN1mic = 1, 3%, pN1 = 20, 51%, pN2 = 12, 30%, pN3 = 5, 13%; Stage II = 16, 41%, Stage III = 23, 59%.ConclusionsWhile NET is reported to downstage primary tumors, downstaging of the axilla was unsuccessful in the majority of patients.
Expandable distal femur megaprosthesis: A European Musculoskeletal Oncology Society study on 299 cases
Authors: Staals Eric Lodewijk , Sambri Andrea , Campanacci Domenico Andrea , Muratori Francesco , Leithner Andreas , Gilg Magdalena Maria , Gortzak Yair , Van De Sande Michiel , Dierselhuis Edwin , Mascard Eric , Windhager Reinhard , Funovics Philipp , Schinhan Martina , Vyrva Oleg , Sys Gwen , Bolshakov Nikolay , Aston Will , Gikas Panagiotas , Schubert Thomas , Jeys Lee , Abudu Adesegun , Manfrini Marco , Donati Davide Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExpandable distal femur prostheses have become more popular over the last decades, but scientific data is limited.MethodsA retrospective study was performed, including cases treated between 1986 and 2019 in 15 European referral centers for bone sarcomas.ResultsA total of 299 cases were included. Average follow‐up was 80 months (range, 8‐287 months). Mean patient age was 10 years. Most (80%) of the implants were noninvasive growers and a fixed hinge knee was used more often (64%) than a rotating hinge. Most prosthetic designs showed good (>80%) implant survival at 10 years, but repeat surgery was required for 63% of the patients. The most frequent reason for revision procedure was the completion of lengthening potential. Noninvasive expandable implants showed less risk of infection compared to invasive growers (11.8% vs 22.9% at 10 years). No difference in aseptic loosening was found between cemented and uncemented stems.ConclusionsThis study shows the increasing popularity of expandable distal femur prostheses, with overall good results for function and implant survival. However, repeat surgery is frequently required, especially in patients under the age of 10 years old. Infection is less frequent in noninvasive growers compared to implants that require invasive lengthening procedures.
Brain metabolomics study for the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract on Alzheimer's disease by HPLC coupled with Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Xintong , Wang Yanan , Su Mingming , Chu Xiaowen , Li Siqi , Yue Yiqiang , Zhang Xiaoxue , Wang Jiahong , Han Fei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to investigate the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract on Alzheimer's disease, a brain metabolomics study in rats was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Rat model was constructed by bilateral hippocampal injection of amyloid‐β peptide and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the pharmacological effect of Rhodiola crenulata extract. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to discover potential biomarkers in rat brain and related metabolic pathways analysis was conducted to elucidate the action mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata extract. As a result, a total of 19 metabolites contributing to Alzheimer's disease progress were identified and nine of them were restored to the normal levels after drug administration. Pathway analysis revealed that the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract are related to the regulation of glutathione metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism in rat brain. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the developed metabolomics method is useful to investigate the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract against Alzheimer's disease. These outcomes may further provide reliable evidence to illuminate the intervention mechanism of other traditional Chinese medicines on Alzheimer's disease.
Analysis and evaluation of nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids in safflower from different regions based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple‐quadrupole linear ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Pu Zong‐Jin , Yue Shi‐Jun , Yan Hui , Tang Yu‐Ping , Chen Yan‐Yan , Tan Ya‐Jie , Shi Xu‐Qin , Zhu Zhen‐Hua , Tao Hui‐Juan , Chen Jia‐Qian , Zhou Gui‐Sheng , Huang Sheng‐Liang , Peng Guo‐Ping , Su Shu‐Lan , Duan Jin‐Ao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSafflower has both medicinal and edible values but research on its nutrient composition is still lacking. This study was established for the quantitative determination of 28 nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids based on the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple‐quadrupole linear ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of 30 batches of safflower from different producing areas indicated that the contents of l‐proline, l‐asparagine, l(+)‐arginine, l‐serine, l‐histidine, uracil, guanosine, and uridine was high in safflower. Principle component analysis and cluster analysis found that samples from different regions could be distinguished well, and samples from the same area could be clustered into one class, different geographical environments may cause the differences of nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids in safflower. The analysis of principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and counter propagation artificial neural network show similar results. Then the content of nucleosides, nucleobases, and essential amino acids were compared, and found that the content in safflower from Gansu was higher than those from other regions, and there was a little difference between the samples from Xinjiang, Sichuan, and Yunnan. This research revealed the composition of nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids in safflower, and provided a theoretical basis for utilization of safflower.
Two‐dimensional liquid chromatography analysis of all‐trans‐, 9‐cis‐, and 13‐cis‐astaxanthin in raw extracts from Phaffia rhodozyma
Authors: Du Xiping , Wang Chun , Wu Ling , Li Zhipeng , Sadiq Faizan Ahmed , Jiang Zedong , Chen Feng , Ni Hui , Li Qingbiao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn effective two‐dimensional liquid chromatography method has been established for the analysis of all‐trans‐astaxanthin and its geometric isomers from Phaffia rhodozyma employing a C18 column at the first dimension and a C30 column in the second dimension, connected by a 10‐port valve using the photo‐diode array detector. The regression equation of astaxanthin calibration curve was established, and the precision and accuracy values were found to be in the range of 0.32–1.14% and 98.21–106.13%, respectively. By using two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, it was found that day light, ultrasonic treatment, and heat treatment have significant influence on the content of all‐trans‐astaxanthin in the extract from P. rhodozyma due to the transformation of all‐trans‐astaxanthin to cis‐astaxanthin. The day light and ultrasonic treatments more likely transform all‐trans‐astaxanthin to 9‐cis‐astaxanthin, and the thermal treatment transforms all‐trans‐astaxanthin to 13‐cis‐astaxanthin. These results indicate that the two‐dimensional liquid chromatography method can facilitate monitoring astaxanthin isomerization in the raw extract from P. rhodozyma. In addition, the study will provide a general reference for monitoring other medicals and bioactive chemicals with geometric isomers.
Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent as a green extractant for high‐performance liquid chromatographic determination of tetracyclines in water samples
Authors: Di Xin , Zhao Xiaojun , Guo Xiaoli 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA green extractant, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was first introduced for extraction of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline from environmental water samples prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography determination. Deep eutectic solvents consist of methyltrioctylammonium chloride and various medium‐chain alcohols/acids, and are easy in preparation, low cost and toxicity, desirably biodegradable, and biocompatible. The overall time required for sample preparation was 6 min and the volume of organic solvent used for extraction was only 400 µL. Under the optimized extraction condition, the present method yielded low limit of detection (0.5–2.0 ng/mL), acceptable precision (relative standard deviations < 9.7%), good linearity from 2.0 to 500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9991). This optimized procedure was applied for determination of tetracyclines in different water samples with desirable spiked recovery ranged from 77.5 to 87.6%. There is, therefore, a great potential to further expand application of the method for investigation of other ultra‐trace analyte(s) in environmental matrixes.