bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF READINESS OF FUTURE MASTERS OF MEDICINE FOR PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Humeniuk V. V. 
Published: June 2020

Requirements of society to the level of training of future masters of medicine for pedagogical activity, able to improve the educational process on the basis of modern technologies, techniques and means of training in the conditions of dynamic transition from theoretical training to independent professional activity, emphasize attention on the revision of the goals, content of the educational process in institutions of higher education on preparation of masters of medicine for pedagogical activity, especially on methodology of development of experience of pedagogical activity at all stages of education. An important aspect of the process of forming the readiness of future masters of medicine for pedagogical activity in the conditions of institutions of higher medical education – is the choice of a set of methodological approaches and their corresponding principles, that influence on the choice of methods and means of training, the construction of a holistic process of vocational training. Considering the formation of readiness for pedagogical activity as a complex and multidimensional process, a full study of which cannot be carried out from one position, it is necessary to respond to axiological, systemic, competent synergetic, active and cultural approaches.
Having researched the problem of a high-quality preparation of future masters of medicine for successful independent pedagogical activity, it was summarized that this process will become more effective conditioning that the professional formation of future masters of medicine will occur as a result of their internal movement on the basis of reflection, self-analysis of their own pedagogical activity and the development of internal motivation for self-improvement and gaining pedagogical experience. This, at the same time, necessitates the improvement of the process of theoretical preparation of future masters of medicine, in particular the introduction of technologies of the activity type, aimed at the development of personal and professional qualities of future teachers in institutions of higher medical education.
LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE STUDENT ABSTRACT AS A SPECIFIC PART OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Koshil N. Ye. , Rybina N. V. , Hyryla O. S. 
Published: June 2020

The article is dedicated to the study of student writing abstract specificity by analyzing its linguistic features. The authors study the communicative and genre nature of the training abstract and propose the classification of student abstracts according to the different features. The analysis of the main types of speech genres that are inherent in students’ lecture notes are carried out: informative, compelling, etiquette and evaluating. It has been conducted a survey to find out the level of students’ in writing abstracts and distinguish the most popular forms of abstract’s writing. The analysis of multilevel criteria has allowed the authors to propose the functionally oriented typology of student abstracts, which takes into account the outside of their design, the specifics of the informative-semantic expression and composition, as well as lexical and grammatical indicators, including syntactic and punctuation. It has also been considered the role of the author in the abstract’s form as a participant of the communication, who seeks to successful communication with the lecturer. The attention is focused on structural, vocabulary and syntactic components of the abstract. The conducted research has shown that the students were not taught how to make the abstract correctly neither at school nor at the university and everybody learnt and got used to make notes by himself. It gives the authors possibility to suggest this topic to be the necessary part of the curriculum for the first-year students at the universities of the different types.
THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Authors: Oliynyk N. M. , Kravets N. Ya. , Pokryshko O. V. , Yelahina N. I. 
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the problem of forming a healthy lifestyle of students. The current approach to deteriorating youth health encourages the search for new ways to generate positive motivation for a healthy lifestyle and scientific research.
According to the literature data analysis, less than 15 % of students are considered healthy, 70 % of them have low and below-average levels of physical health, more than half (52.6 %) of them have different morphofunctional abnormalities, 36–40 % have chronic non-infectious diseases, which complicate the process of adaptation to physical and mental activity, impede learning lecture material as well as effective training at universities.
The aim of the research was to evaluate and analyze the components of a healthy lifestyle of students and on this basis to determine approaches to the introduction of health-saving technologies in the educational process of higher schools.
A survey of students revealed a lack of understanding of the simplest aspects of health care and an inability to assess one’s level of health adequately. 53 students (39.5 %) consider themselves healthy; 38 students (28.3 %) adhere to healthy lifestyles; and only 9 % of students regularly do physical exercises and sports. Only 25 % of them follow the diet. 82 % of students were well informed about the negative impact of bad habits on their health, but 66 % of respondents smoked cigarettes, including 43 % of women. 90 % of students occasionally consume alcoholic beverages, of whom 14 % often consume, and 8 % do not consume. Most of the respondents are confident in the absolute harmlessness of beer, which ranks the first place in the structure of alcoholic beverages consumed by students. But only 9 % of students regularly do physical exercises and sports.
Therefore, the priority goals of the modern stage of higher education modernization should be the preservation and strengthening of students’ health, the formation of value orientations, their awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle, the introduction of health-saving technologies into the educational process, as significant components in achieving career and life success of youths.
EDUCATION TRADITIONS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS CHILDREN HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN TRANSCARPATHIA (1919–1939)
Authors: Rozlutska G. M. , Sokol M. O. , Denizci Ömer Mert 
Published: June 2020

It is proved that the education of a healthy lifestyle of junior schoolchildren took place through information, training and actually educational activities aimed at the formation of sanitary and hygienic culture, healthy lifestyle, development good habits (adherence to the daily routine, proper diet, physical activity) and prevention of harmful habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, etc.).
The aim of the article is to identify educational traditions of healthy lifestyle of primary school children; the analysis of the content of school textbooks used in Transcarpathian public schools during the interwar period for the content of materials on support and promotion of health.
The main results of the study are to outline the possibilities of education of healthy lifestyle in primary education contents and their reflection in the subject “Citizenship Science and Education” (Civics). It has been established that the realization of the tasks took place according to the following scheme: stage 1 – educational activity aimed at the formation of hygienic culture, healthy lifestyle; 2 – acquaintance with the technologies of protection, preservation and promotion of health (rules of hygiene and sanitation, regime of the day, nutrition), aimed at forming the resistance of the organism to adverse environmental factors; 3 – physical activity as a health advantage, for children it includes games, sports, exercise, hiking, competitions, dancing, recreation or work, etc .; 4 – fight against bad habits.
“Mixing Media,” or the Bee and the Bonnet
Authors: Beloborodova Olga , Verhulst Pim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Despite Beckett’s claim of having a “bee in [his] bonnet” about “mixing media,” intermediality and transmedial adaptation were important sources of innovation for his writing, especially from the 1950s onwards. The present article analyses Play (1964) as a good example of this dynamic by demonstrating (1) how its genesis was influenced by Beckett’s experience with radio, and (2) how its own transmedial history proves that rather than rejecting “mixing media” in principle, Beckett’s ostensible insistence on “keeping our genres distinct” turns out to be an appeal to fully exploit the medium-specific properties of radio, theatre, film and television.
How It Is
Authors: Johnson Nicholas E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
After first developing a taxonomy of intermedial prose performance based on distinctions in how an audience member or user experiences the work phenomenologically, this essay offers a performance history of some unusual translations, adaptations and intermedial responses to Samuel Beckett’s novel How It Is. Examples range widely across media, from the audio recordings of Patrick Magee to the experimental jazz records of Michael Mantler, and from the recent stage work of Gare St Lazare to the art installation of Mirosław Bałka. Such works reflect the experimental character of the novel itself, forcing a reconsideration of the discourse of the ‘unperformable.’
Film’s Unmade Sequels
Authors: Tucker David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This essay explores the plans of 1982–1983 to produce a remake of and then a kind of sequel to Beckett’s 1965 Film. With access to the personal archive of the director who was planning these pieces, Damian Pettigrew, the essay traces the history of the shifting project and focuses on Beckett’s own direct involvement, evidenced in correspondence as well as notes taken of a number of face-to-face conversations between Pettigrew and Beckett. These conversations also throw light back on 1965’s Film with regard to influential films, locations and imagery that provide context to the original. At the same time, further correspondence reveals the involvement or near involvement in the Film remake of notable figures such as Jack Lemmon, Dirk Bogarde and Klaus Kinski.
Collective Action and Political Change: Public and Semipublic Strategies of Brazilian Rural Movements (1990s–2017)
Authors: Delgado de Carvalho Priscila 
Published: June 2020

A study of the Brazilian Movimento dos Pequenos Agricultores during recent moments of regime change suggests two main strategies for understanding the impacts of political change on social movement action: assessing the degree of political proximity between activists and the government and the presence or absence of institutional venues for interaction and looking beyond the public expressions of contention to consider semipublic action. When there is political proximity the public activities of movements tend to be less contentious, and when there are institutional venues for interaction protests will be routinized rather than disruptive. When proximity is lacking activists are likely to perform disruptive protests and to give priority to disputing meanings within society and within their own constituencies. Um estudo do Movimento dos Pequenos Agricultores do Brasil durante momentos recentes de mudança de regime sugere duas estratégias principais para entender os impactos das mudanças políticas na ação do movimento social: avaliar o grau de proximidade política entre ativistas e o governo e a presença ou ausência de espaços institucionais para interação e olhar além das expressões públicas de discórdia para considerar a ação semipública. Quando há proximidade política, as atividades públicas dos movimentos tendem a ser menos contenciosas e, quando existem canais institucionais para interação, tende-se a rotinas de protestos pouco disruptivos. Quando falta proximidade, é provável que os ativistas dêem prioridade a protestos disruptivos e a disputas de significados na sociedade e dentro de seus próprios quadros.
Factors affecting operative time during ureteroscopy and stone treatment and its effect on outcomes: retrospective results over 6.5 years
Authors: Whitehurst Lily , Pietropaolo Amelia , Geraghty Robert , Kyriakides Rena , Somani Bhaskar K. 
Published: June 2020

Background: We aimed to evaluate operative time with the outcomes of ureteroscopy (URS) and investigate the relationship between these factors, and assess if longer operative times were associated with a higher risk of complications. Methods: We retrospectively audited consecutive cases of URS done between March 2012 and June 2018. Data were collected for operative times, patient demographics, stone parameters, stent insertions, use of ureteric access sheath, length of stay, stone-free rate (SFR) and complications. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 24. Results: Over 6.5 years, 736 patients with a male:female ratio of 1.8:1 and a mean age of 54.7 years (range: 2–91 years), underwent 860 URS and stone treatment procedures. The mean operative time was 43.5 min (range: 8–160 min), with a stone size of 12.3 mm (range: 3–100 mm) and access sheath was used in 35.8%. The initial and final SFR was 86% and 92.5%, respectively, and 85.6% ( n = 736) patients were discharged the same day of procedure. Treatment of multiple renal stones, ureteric and renal stones, large stones, use of access sheath and post-operative stent were all associated with longer operative times ( p <0.001). Patients who were stone free and those having day-case procedures had shorter operative times ( p <0.001). There were 27 (3.2%) Clavien I/II complications and 8 (0.9%) Clavien ⩾III complications. Clavien score ⩾III ( p = 0.028) and infectious complications ( p <0.001) had significantly longer operative times. Conclusion: Patients with shorter operative times have a higher chance of being discharged home the same day without a post-operative stent. Higher operative times are associated with high-grade, especially infection-related, complications.
Listening to Women’s Voices: Using an Adapted Photovoice Methodology to Access Their Emotional Responses to Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Capewell Carmel , Ralph Sue , Symonds Melissa 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The emotional impact of a diagnosis of breast cancer in women and listening to their affective needs is not widely reported in the literature. Recent policies globally emphasize the importance of incorporating patients’ views in treatment. The aim of the study was to provide insights for health care professionals and make recommendations based on patients’ experiences. Breast cancer survivorship is increasing, but the long-term support needs of such women are less understood. Method: This exploratory study asked 20 white women from 2 urban centers in the UK about their experience of diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer. It used an adaptation of the photovoice methodology to examine a health issue and identify issues of importance and relevance to patients. It recognizes their expertise in their situation. Results: The themes identified were: Fear/Shock; Waiting; Lack of Control; Communication/Practicalities; Body image changes; Specialist versus nonspecialist Centers/Staff; and Ongoing Support. Discussion: The women provided images, with a written summary of their meaning, and discussed them in groups. They identified good practice and suggestions for how to improve the experience of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Conclusion: The photovoice methodology provides a low-cost, easy to implement a way for patients to provide insight into their experience and contribute their knowledge to improve clinical practice. Visual images and patients’ words allow clinicians to have greater insight into the environment and priorities of patients which could have implications for their response to treatment and long-term care.
Direct oral anticoagulants and cancer-associated VTE: good for all, or just some?
Authors: Carrier Marc , Wang Tzu-Fei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity in patients with cancer. Therefore, tailoring anticoagulation is of utmost importance to decrease the risk of recurrent VTE while minimizing the risk of bleeding. Direct oral anticoagulants have been recently compared with low-molecular-weight heparin for the management of acute cancer-associated thrombosis. Although direct oral anticoagulants are a welcome addition, clinicians need to incorporate clinical characteristics, drug–drug interactions, and patient preference in decision making.
Metabolic engineering against the arginine microenvironment enhances CAR-T cell proliferation and therapeutic activity
Authors: Fultang Livingstone , Booth Sarah , Yogev Orli , Martins da Costa Barbara , Tubb Vanessa , Panetti Silvia , Stavrou Victoria , Scarpa Ugo , Jankevics Andris , Lloyd Gavin , Southam Andrew , Lee Steven P. , Dunn Warwick B. , Chesler Louis , Mussai Francis , De Santo Carmela 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hematological and solid cancers catabolize the semiessential amino acid arginine to drive cell proliferation. However, the resulting low arginine microenvironment also impairs chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) cell proliferation, limiting their efficacy in clinical trials against hematological and solid malignancies. T cells are susceptible to the low arginine microenvironment because of the low expression of the arginine resynthesis enzymes argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC). We demonstrate that T cells can be reengineered to express functional ASS or OTC enzymes, in concert with different chimeric antigen receptors. Enzyme modifications increase CAR-T cell proliferation, with no loss of CAR cytotoxicity or increased exhaustion. In vivo, enzyme-modified CAR-T cells lead to enhanced clearance of leukemia or solid tumor burden, providing the first metabolic modification to enhance CAR-T cell therapies.
De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of salt-, alkali-, and drought-responsive genes in Sophora alopecuroides
Authors: Yan Fan , Zhu Youcheng , Zhao Yanan , Wang Ying , Li Jingwen , Wang Qingyu , Liu Yajing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Salinity, alkalinity, and drought stress are the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth and development. Sophora alopecuroides L., a perennial leguminous herb in the genus Sophora, is a highly salt-tolerant sand-fixing pioneer species distributed mostly in Western Asia and northwestern China. Few studies have assessed responses to abiotic stress in S. alopecuroides. The transcriptome of the genes that confer stress-tolerance in this species has not previously been sequenced. Our objective was to sequence and analyze this transcriptome.

Results
Twelve cDNA libraries were constructed in triplicate from mRNA obtained from Sophora alopecuroides for the control and salt, alkali, and drought treatments. Using de novo assembly, 902,812 assembled unigenes were generated, with an average length of 294 bp. Based on similarity searches, 545,615 (60.43%) had at least one significant match in the Nr, Nt, Pfam, KOG/COG, Swiss-Prot, and GO databases. In addition, 1673 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the salt treatment, 8142 from the alkali treatment, and 17,479 from the drought treatment. A total of 11,936 transcription factor genes from 82 transcription factor families were functionally annotated under salt, alkali, and drought stress, these include MYB, bZIP, NAC and WRKY family members. DEGs were involved in the hormone signal transduction pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes; this suggests that these pathways or processes may be involved in tolerance towards salt, alkali, and drought stress in S. alopecuroides.

Conclusion
Our study first reported transcriptome reference sequence data in Sophora alopecuroides, a non-model plant without a reference genome. We determined digital expression profile and discovered a broad survey of unigenes associated with salt, alkali, and drought stress which provide genomic resources available for Sophora alopecuroides.
Development of a DNA microarray assay for rapid detection of fifteen bacterial pathogens in pneumonia
Authors: Ma Xiuqing , Li Yanqin , Liang Yuan , Liu Yang , Yu Ling , Li Chunsun , Liu Qiqi , Chen Liangan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria is important for determining an appropriate antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia, but traditional bacterial culture is time-consuming and labourious. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a DNA microarray assay for the simultaneous detection of fifteen bacterial species directly from respiratory tract specimens in patients with pneumonia. These species included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter cloacae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia, Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia pneumoniae. The 16S rDNA genes and other specific genes of each pathogen were chosen as the amplification targets, amplified via multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and hybridized to oligonucleotide probes in a microarray.

Results
The DNA microarray detection limit was 103 copies/μL. Nineteen standard strains and 119 clinical isolates were correctly detected with our microarray, and 3 nontarget species from 4 clinical isolates were not detected. Additionally, bacterial pathogens were accurately identified when two or three bacterial targets were mixed together. Furthermore, the results for 99.4% (156/157) of clinical specimens were the same as those from a conventional assay.

Conclusions
We developed a DNA microarray that could simultaneously detect various bacterial pathogens in pneumonia. The method described here has the potential to provide considerable labour and time savings due to its ability to screen for 15 bacterial pathogens simultaneously.
Development of a droplet digital PCR method for detection of Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Zeng Yi-Fan , Chen Chu-Mao , Li Xiao-Yan , Chen Jun-Jiang , Wang Yan-Ge , Ouyang Shi , Ji Tian-Xing , Xia Yong , Guo Xu-Guang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is the causative pathogen of puerperal sepsis in pregnant women and pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis in infants. Infection of GBS is responsible for the increased morbidity in pregnant women and the elderly, and bring challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, culture-based approaches to detect S.agalactiae is time-consuming with limited sensitivity. Besides, real-time quantitative PCR demands expensive instruments with tedious steps. Thus, we aim to establish a new detection method for more accurate and rapid detection of S.agalactiae.

Results
The ddPCR primer targeted the CpsE gene showed better amplified efficiency in the reaction. The limit of detection for GBS DNA with ddPCR was able to reach 5 pg/μL. Moreover, no positive amplified signals could be detected in the reactions which served 11 non-GBS strains DNA as templates. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation of this method was 4.5%, indicating excellent repeatability of ddPCR assay.

Conclusions
In our study, ddPCR was performed as a rapid detection of S.agalactiae with high sensitivity and specificity. This technique can promote the accuracy of the diagnosis of GBS infection and provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment.