bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On positive geometries of quartic interactions: Stokes polytopes, lower forms on associahedra and world-sheet forms
Authors: Aneesh P.B. , Banerjee Pinaki , Jagadale Mrunmay , John Renjan Rajan , Laddha Alok , Mahato Sujoy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

In [1], two of the present authors along with P. Raman attempted to extend the Amplituhedron program for scalar field theories [2] to quartic scalar interactions. In this paper we develop various aspects of this proposal. Using recent seminal results in Representation theory [3, 4], we show that projectivity of scattering forms and existence of kinematic space associahedron completely capture planar amplitudes of quartic interaction. We generalise the results of [1] and show that for any n-particle amplitude, the positive geometry associated to the projective scattering form is a convex realisation of Stokes polytope which can be naturally embedded inside one of the ABHY associahedra defined in [2, 5]. For a special class of Stokes polytopes with hyper-cubic topology, we show that they have a canonical convex realisation in kinematic space as boundaries of kinematic space associahedra.
We then use these kinematic space geometric constructions to write world-sheet forms for 𝜙4 theory which are forms of lower rank on the CHY moduli space. We argue that just as in the case of bi-adjoint 𝜙3 scalar amplitudes, scattering equations can be used as diffeomorphisms between certain

$$ \frac{n-4}{2} $$

n
−
4

2

forms on the world-sheet and

$$ \frac{n-4}{2} $$

n
−
4

2

forms on ABHY associahedron that generate quartic amplitudes.
Umgang mit COVID-19 in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Wennmann D. O. , Dlugos C. P. , Hofschröer A. , Hennies M. , Kühn J. , Hafezi W. , Kampmeier S. , Mellmann A. , Triphaus S. , Sackarnd J. , Tepasse P. , Keller M. , Van Aken H. , Pavenstädt H. , Kümpers P. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungMit der COVID-19-Pandemie stehen die Notaufnahmen als Schnittstelle der ambulanten und stationären Krankenversorgung vor einer großen Herausforderung. Die Dynamik der Pandemie zwang die Notfallversorgung des Universitätsklinikums Münster zu umfassenden Anpassungsprozessen, die in kürzester Zeit erfolgen mussten. Dazu gehörte die Etablierung einer ambulanten Coronateststelle und einer studentischen Telefonhotline. Innerklinisch wurden neue Isolationskapazitäten in der Notaufnahme sowie eine eigene COVID-19-Station eingerichtet. Der Patientenfluss wurde durch Flussdiagramme sowohl für den ambulanten als auch für den stationären Bereich neu geregelt. Das allgemeine und spezielle Notfallmanagement wurde für die reibungslose Versorgung COVID-19-positiver Patienten optimiert und das Personal in der Benutzung von Schutzausrüstung trainiert. Dieser Erlebnisbericht soll anderen Notaufnahmen in der Vorbereitung auf die COVID-19-Pandemie unterstützen.
Individual brain metabolic connectome indicator based on Kullback-Leibler Divergence Similarity Estimation predicts progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Wang Min , Jiang Jiehui , Yan Zhuangzhi , Alberts Ian , Ge Jingjie , Zhang Huiwei , Zuo Chuantao , Yu Jintai , Rominger Axel , Shi Kuangyu ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) reveals altered cerebral metabolism in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Previous metabolic connectome analyses derive from groups of patients but do not support the prediction of an individual’s risk of conversion from present MCI to AD. We now present an individual metabolic connectome method, namely the Kullback-Leibler Divergence Similarity Estimation (KLSE), to characterize brain-wide metabolic networks that predict an individual’s risk of conversion from MCI to AD.

Methods
FDG-PET data consisting of 50 healthy controls, 332 patients with stable MCI, 178 MCI patients progressing to AD, and 50 AD patients were recruited from ADNI database. Each individual’s metabolic brain network was ascertained using the KLSE method. We compared intra- and intergroup similarity and difference between the KLSE matrix and group-level matrix, and then evaluated the network stability and inter-individual variation of KLSE. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) were employed to assess the prediction performance of KLSE and other clinical characteristics.

Results
The KLSE method captures more pathological connectivity in the parietal and temporal lobes relative to the typical group-level method, and yields detailed individual information, while possessing greater stability of network organization (within-group similarity coefficient, 0.789 for sMCI and 0.731 for pMCI). Metabolic connectome expression was a superior predictor of conversion than were other clinical assessments (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.55; 95% CI, 2.77–4.55; P < 0.001). The predictive performance improved further upon combining clinical variables in the Cox model, i.e., C-indices 0.728 (clinical), 0.730 (group-level pattern model), 0.750 (imaging connectome), and 0.794 (the combined model).

Conclusion
The KLSE indicator identifies abnormal brain networks predicting an individual’s risk of conversion from MCI to AD, thus potentially constituting a clinically applicable imaging biomarker.
Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula: is it a safe procedure in infants weighing less than 2000 g?
Authors: Son Joonhyuk , Jang Yerang , Kim Wontae , Lee Sanghoon , Jeong Ji Seon , Lee Suk-Koo , Seo Jeong-Meen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Since Rothenberg first performed thoracoscopic repair for esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) successfully in 2000, thoracoscopic repair has achieved status as a routine procedure worldwide. Previously, an international multicenter study reported that this procedure was not inferior to conventional open surgery. However, thoracoscopic surgery is a highly difficult operation for surgeons and anesthesiologists; as a result, the safety and efficacy of the surgery is still under debate. Considering these circumstances, the purpose of this study was to analyze the results of single-center thoracoscopic surgery and to compare the outcomes relative to the patient’s weight at the time of surgery.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients with EA/TEF who underwent thoracoscopic surgery in a single center between October 2008 and February 2017.

Results
In total, 41 cases of thoracoscopic repair of EA/TEF were performed. Upon subgrouping by over and under 2000 g of body weight at the time of operation, 34 were found to be over 2000 g and seven were under 2000 g. Intraoperative factors and events were not significantly different between the two groups. Additionally, most of the postoperative outcomes, including the rate of postoperative leakage and strictures, showed no difference. On the other hand, the under 2000 g group had more gastroesophageal reflux requiring fundoplication than did the heavier group (P = 0.04).

Conclusions
The results of this center’s thoracoscopic repair of EA/TEF were not inferior to other centers’ outcomes. Additionally, the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were similar despite differences in weight at operation. Therefore, thoracoscopic repair might be a feasible surgical option for infants weighing less than 2000 g when performed by a surgeon and anesthesiologist team who are experienced in pediatric thoracoscopic surgery.
Vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Weitz Lisa , Bellach Luise , Faltum Alicia , Berger Angelika , Maurer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn summer 2019 an extracurricular activity was started at the Medical University of Vienna (MUW) with the title: “Esoterism in Medicine”, where different chapters were evaluated by students. Here we present the subheading “Vaccine Hesitancy”. Three students formulated arguments from sceptic, hesitant or anti-vaccine groups and discussed the scientific literature to rebut it. Frequent objections were partly taken from the homepage of the German Robert-Koch-Institute, the home of the “Ständige Impfkommission”. Other objections were taken from blogs and social media. The students’ rebuttal was based on current scientific literature (preferentially pubmed), but also from other scientific sources like authorities.
Supervised machine learning for audio emotion recognition
Authors: Cunningham Stuart , Ridley Harrison , Weinel Jonathan , Picking Richard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe field of Music Emotion Recognition has become and established research sub-domain of Music Information Retrieval. Less attention has been directed towards the counterpart domain of Audio Emotion Recognition, which focuses upon detection of emotional stimuli resulting from non-musical sound. By better understanding how sounds provoke emotional responses in an audience, it may be possible to enhance the work of sound designers. The work in this paper uses the International Affective Digital Sounds set. A total of 76 features are extracted from the sounds, spanning the time and frequency domains. The features are then subjected to an initial analysis to determine what level of similarity exists between pairs of features measured using Pearson’srcorrelation coefficient before being used as inputs to a multiple regression model to determine their weighting and relative importance. The features are then used as the input to two machine learning approaches: regression modelling and artificial neural networks in order to determine their ability to predict the emotional dimensions of arousal and valence. It was found that a small number of strong correlations exist between the features and that a greater number of features contribute significantly to the predictive power of emotional valence, rather than arousal. Shallow neural networks perform significantly better than a range of regression models and the best performing networks were able to account for 64.4% of the variance in prediction of arousal and 65.4% in the case of valence. These findings are a major improvement over those encountered in the literature. Several extensions of this research are discussed, including work related to improving data sets as well as the modelling processes.
Multimodal interactions in insect navigation
Authors: Buehlmann Cornelia , Mangan Michael , Graham Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnimals travelling through the world receive input from multiple sensory modalities that could be important for the guidance of their journeys. Given the availability of a rich array of cues, from idiothetic information to input from sky compasses and visual information through to olfactory and other cues (e.g. gustatory, magnetic, anemotactic or thermal) it is no surprise to see multimodality in most aspects of navigation. In this review, we present the current knowledge of multimodal cue use during orientation and navigation in insects. Multimodal cue use is adapted to a species’ sensory ecology and shapes navigation behaviour both during the learning of environmental cues and when performing complex foraging journeys. The simultaneous use of multiple cues is beneficial because it provides redundant navigational information, and in general, multimodality increases robustness, accuracy and overall foraging success. We use examples from sensorimotor behaviours in mosquitoes and flies as well as from large scale navigation in ants, bees and insects that migrate seasonally over large distances, asking at each stage how multiple cues are combined behaviourally and what insects gain from using different modalities.
Apfelallergie – Toleranzentwicklung durch regelmäßigen Konsum allergenarmer Äpfel. Eine Beobachtungsstudie
Authors: Bergmann Karl-Christian , Zuberbier Jaron , Zuberbier Torsten , Zapp Jürgen , Hennebrüder Willi 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDas pollenassoziierte Orale Allergie-Syndrom (OAS) ist eine Sonderform der IgE-vermittelten Nahrungsmittelallergien. Besonders bei Birkenpollenallergikern kommt es aufgrund der Ähnlichkeit der Epitope des Apfelallergens Mal d 1 und dem Birkenpollenallergen Bet v 1 häufig zu einer sog. Kreuzreaktion beim Essen handelsüblicher Supermarktäpfel. In einer prospektiven Kohortenstudie mit einem offenen Studiendesign wurde untersucht, ob eine Toleranzentwicklung bei „Apfelallergikern“ durch den regelmäßigen Konsum allergenarmer Äpfel erreicht werden kann. Hierzu wurde die Ausprägung oraler Symptome nach dem Essen einer Frucht der Sorte ‘Golden Delicious‘ vor und nach dem täglichen Konsum eines allergenarmen Apfels über 90 Tage untersucht.Die Probanden zeigten signifikant geringere Symptome beim Essen des ‘Golden Delicious‘ nach dem regelmäßigen Verzehr der allergenarmen Äpfel alter Sorten.Es erscheint möglich, durch den regelmäßigen Verzehr von Äpfeln alter Sorten mit geringerem Allergengehalt eine orale Toleranz gegenüber hochallergenen Äpfeln zu erreichen.
Differential Contribution of Gap Junctions to the Membrane Properties of ON- and OFF-Bipolar Cells of the Rat Retina
Authors: Fournel Rémi , Hartveit Espen , Veruki Margaret Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGap junctions are ubiquitous within the retina, but in general, it remains to be determined whether gap junction coupling between specific cell types is sufficiently strong to mediate functionally relevant coupling via electrical synapses. From ultrastructural, tracer coupling and immunolabeling studies, there is clear evidence for gap junctions between cone bipolar cells, but it is not known if these gap junctions function as electrical synapses. Here, using whole-cell voltage-clamp recording in rat (male and female) retinal slices, we investigated whether the gap junctions of bipolar cells make a measurable contribution to the membrane properties of these cells. We measured the input resistance (RN) of bipolar cells before and after applying meclofenamic acid (MFA) to block gap junctions. In the presence of MFA, RN of ON-cone bipolar cells displayed a clear increase, paralleled by block of the electrical coupling between these cells and AII amacrine cells in recordings of coupled cell pairs. For OFF-cone and rod bipolar cells, RN did not increase in the presence of MFA. The results for rod bipolar cells are consistent with the lack of gap junctions in these cells. However, for OFF-cone bipolar cells, our results suggest that the morphologically identified gap junctions between these cells do not support a junctional conductance that is sufficient to mediate effective electrical coupling. Instead, these junctions might play a role in chemical and/or metabolic coupling between subcellular compartments.
Refinements of behavioural abstractions for the supervisory control of hybrid systems
Authors: Yang Jung-Min , Moor Thomas , Raisch Jörg 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA common approach to controller synthesis for hybrid systems is to first establish a discrete-event abstraction and then to use methods from supervisory control theory to synthesise a controller. In this paper, we consider behavioural abstractions of hybrid systems with a prescribed discrete-event input/output interface. We discuss a family of abstractions based on so called experiments which consist of samples from the external behaviour of the hybrid system. The special feature of our setting is that the accuracy of the abstraction can be carefully adapted to suit the particular control problem at hand. Technically, this is implemented as an iteration in which we alternate trial control synthesis with abstraction refinement. While localising refinement to where it is intuitively needed, we can still formally establish that the overall iteration will solve the control problem, provided that an abstraction-based solution exists at all.
Adherence to a plant-based, high-fibre dietary pattern is related to regression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an elderly population
Authors: Alferink Louise J. M. , Erler Nicole S. , de Knegt Robert J. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Metselaar Herold J. , Darwish Murad Sarwa , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDietary lifestyle intervention is key in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to examine the longitudinal relation between well-established dietary patterns as well as population-specific dietary patterns and NAFLD. Participants from two subsequent visits of the Rotterdam Study were included. All underwent serial abdominal ultrasonography (median follow-up: 4.4 years) and filled in a food frequency questionnaire. Secondary causes of steatosis were excluded. Dietary data from 389 items were collapsed into 28 food groups and a posteriori dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Additionally, we scored three a priori dietary patterns (Mediterranean Diet Score, Dutch Dietary Guidelines and WHO-score). Logistic mixed regression models were used to examine the relation between dietary patterns and NAFLD. Analyses were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle and metabolic factors. We included 963 participants of whom 343 had NAFLD. Follow-up data was available in 737 participants. Incident NAFLD was 5% and regressed NAFLD was 30%. We identified five a posteriori dietary patterns (cumulative explained variation [R2] = 20%). The patterns were characterised as: vegetable and fish, red meat and alcohol, traditional, salty snacks and sauces, high fat dairy & refined grains pattern. Adherence to the traditional pattern (i.e. high intake of vegetable oils/stanols, margarines/butters, potatoes, whole grains and sweets/desserts) was associated with regression of NAFLD per SD increase in Z-score (0.40, 95% CI 0.15–1.00). Adherence to the three a priori patterns all showed regression of NAFLD, but only the WHO-score showed a distinct association (0.73, 95% CI 0.53–1.00). Hence, in this large elderly population, adherence to a plant-based, high-fibre and low-fat diet was related to regression of NAFLD.
The End Time of SIS Epidemics Driven by Random Walks on Edge-Transitive Graphs
Authors: Figueiredo Daniel , Iacobelli Giulio , Shneer Seva 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNetwork epidemics is a ubiquitous model that can represent different phenomena and finds applications in various domains. Among its various characteristics, a fundamental question concerns the time when an epidemic stops propagating. We investigate this characteristic on a SIS epidemic induced by agents that move according to independent continuous time random walks on a finite graph: agents can either be infected (I) or susceptible (S), and infection occurs when two agents with different epidemic states meet in a node. After a random recovery time, an infected agent returns to state S and can be infected again. The end of epidemic (EoE) denotes the first time where all agents are in state S, since after this moment no further infections can occur and the epidemic stops. For the case of two agents on edge-transitive graphs, we characterize EoE as a function of the network structure by relating the Laplace transform of EoE to the Laplace transform of the meeting time of two random walks. Interestingly, this analysis shows a separation between the effect of network structure and epidemic dynamics. We then study the asymptotic behavior of EoE (asymptotically in the size of the graph) under different parameter scalings, identifying regimes where EoE converges in distribution to a proper random variable or to infinity. We also highlight the impact of different graph structures on EoE, characterizing it under complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, and rings.
Entrepreneurship, novel combinations, capital regrouping, and the structure-agency relationship: an introduction to the special issue on innovation and Austrian economics
Authors: Lewis Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis introduction outlines some key aspects of an Austrian perspective on innovation, which is viewed as an ongoing, dynamic process in which entrepreneurs combine heterogeneous capital resources in new ways order to develop and deploy new technologies, products, and methods of business organisation. It goes on to introduce the contributions to this special issue on Austrian economics and innovation.
Argumentative landscapes: the function of models in social epistemology
Authors: Aydinonat N. Emrah , Reijula Samuli , Ylikoski Petri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe argue that the appraisal of models in social epistemology requires conceiving of them as argumentative devices, taking into account the argumentative context and adopting a family-of-models perspective. We draw up such an account and show how it makes it easier to see the value and limits of the use of models in social epistemology. To illustrate our points, we document and explicate the argumentative role of epistemic landscape models in social epistemology and highlight their limitations. We also claim that our account could be fruitfully used in appraising other models in philosophy and science.
Volunteering and Policy Makers: The Political Uses of the UK Conservative Party’s International Development Volunteering Projects
Authors: Hjort Mattias , Beswick Danielle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhat motivates a political party to develop overseas development volunteering projects for members? How do such activities affect individual volunteers and the party, more broadly? To address these questions, this paper analyses the UK Conservative Party’s international development volunteering projects. Our data comprise 38 interviews with former volunteers and participant observation of one volunteering project in Rwanda in 2017 by one author. This predominantly self-reported data are supplemented with publicly available sources. We draw on employer-supported and state-supported volunteering literature to develop a framework for analysing drivers and effects of party-supported volunteering. We argue that political parties are under-researched sending communities, and that development volunteering constitutes a strategic resource that can be invoked to legitimise engagement with, and authority in, international development as part of the everyday political identity of Party members. As such, how volunteering is used to signal authority in a policy area warrants further research.
Analyzing values-based modes of production and consumption: Community-supported agriculture in the Austrian Third Food Regime
Authors: Plank Christina , Hafner Robert , Stotten Rike 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent globalized agricultural and food systems operate with an unsustainable capitalist model of production and consumption. The middle and upper classes of the global North and, increasingly, of emerging economies live at the expense of the global South. This has been referred to as the “imperial mode of living”. An alternative model of production and consumption that fosters localized food systems in the corporate food regime is community supported agriculture (CSA), which aims to redefine consumer-producer relations along not just economic values. Against this background, the paper introduces an interdisciplinary conceptual framework for values-based modes of production and consumption where three categories—institutions, values and materiality—inform the empirical analysis. It examines the extent to which CSA can realize their values-based approach and how they transform the third food regime. The paper links CSA to the currently dominant third food regime and shows that, so far, CSA is just a niche in Austria. In the Austrian context, different forms of solidarity and attachment to the community are central shared ideals of CSA members and their supporters. Those values also respect nature and its materiality. However, at the same time, CSA initiatives, when implemented in daily practices, are confronted with institutional, social and material challenges. These need to be addressed if CSA is to continue long-term.