bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy without preoperative pan-retinal photocoagulation is associated with higher levels of intravitreal IL-6 and postoperative inflammation
Authors: Suzuki Yukihiko , Adachi Kobu , Maeda Natsuki , Tanabu Reiko , Kudo Takashi , Nakazawa Mitsuru 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Intravitreal cytokine levels and differences in the severity of postoperative inflammation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were compared between subjects treated with pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) prior to undergoing vitreous surgery and those treated similarly during the surgery.

Subjects and methods
We examined 130 eyes of PDR patients who underwent an initial surgical procedure at Hirosaki University Hospital. A total of 67 out of the 130 eyes were treated with PRP prior to surgery (preoperative group), while 63 underwent similar treatment during surgery (intraoperative group). Vitreous fluid was collected at the start of the vitreous surgical procedure. Following vitrectomy, intraoperative PRP was completed during the surgery in the intraoperative group. This procedure was added to the peripheral part as needed in the preoperative group. The results for the levels of 27 cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were measured using multiplex assays and compared between the groups. For determining postoperative inflammation, eyes in which fibrin was observed for 3 days or longer in the anterior chamber or vitreous cavity were considered to have fibrin deposition. The rate of fibrin deposition was compared between these groups.

Results
Among the vitreous cytokines examined, there was no significant difference in the VEGF levels between the groups (p = 0.70). In contrast, the IL-6 level was significantly higher in the intraoperative group (2813.2 ± 6022.2 vs. 1248.5 ± 1442.2 pg/ml, p = 0.048). Furthermore, the fibrin deposition rate was significantly higher in the intraoperative (44.4%) versus the preoperative group (14.9%) (p = 0.0002).

Conclusion
Severe postoperative inflammation was frequently seen in patients who did not undergo preoperative PRP, which may have been due to the performance of the procedure during the surgery. Moreover, these results may also be associated with a higher level of intravitreal IL-6.
A digital assistant for shading paper sketches
Authors: Parakkat Amal Dev , Gowtham Hari Hara , Joshi Sarang , Muthuganapathy Ramanathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a mixed reality-based assistive system for shading paper sketches. Given a paper sketch made by an artist, our interface helps inexperienced users to shade it appropriately. Initially, using a simple Delaunay-triangulation based inflation algorithm, an approximate depth map is computed. The system then highlights areas (to assist shading) based on a rendering of the 2.5-dimensional inflated model of the input contour. With the help of a mixed reality system, we project the highlighted areas back to aid users. The hints given by the system are used for shading and are smudged appropriately to apply an artistic shading to the sketch. The user is given flexibility at various levels to simulate conditions such as height and light position. Experiments show that the proposed system aids novice users in creating sketches with impressive shading.
Exploring Predictors of Response to Dacomitinib in EGFR-Amplified Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Chi Andrew S. , Cahill Daniel P. , Reardon David A. , Wen Patrick Y. , Mikkelsen Tom , Peereboom David M. , Wong Eric T. , Gerstner Elizabeth R. , Dietrich Jorg , Plotkin Scott R. , Norden Andrew D. , Lee Eudocia Q. , Nayak Lakshmi , Tanaka Shota , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Lelic Nina , Koerner Mara V. , Klofas Lindsay K. , Bertalan Mia S. , Arrillaga-Romany Isabel C. , Betensky Rebecca A. , Curry William T. , Borger Darrel R. , Balaj Leonora , Kitchen Robert R. , Chakrabortty Sudipto K. , Valentino Michael D. , Skog Johan , Breakefield Xandra O. , Iafrate A. John , Batchelor Tracy T. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE Despite the high frequency of EGFR genetic alterations in glioblastoma (GBM), EGFR-targeted therapies have not had success in this disease. To improve the likelihood of efficacy, we targeted adult patients with recurrent GBM enriched for EGFR gene amplification, which occurs in approximately half of GBM, with dacomitinib, a second-generation, irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that penetrates the blood-brain barrier, in a multicenter phase II trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively explored whether previously described EGFR extracellular domain (ECD)–sensitizing mutations in the context of EGFR gene amplification could predict response to dacomitinib, and in a predefined subset of patients, we measured post-treatment intratumoral dacomitinib levels to verify tumor penetration. RESULTS We found that dacomitinib effectively penetrates contrast-enhancing GBM tumors. Among all 56 treated patients, 8 (14.3%) had a clinical benefit as defined by a duration of treatment of at least 6 months, of whom 5 (8.9%) remained progression free for at least 1 year. Presence of EGFRvIII or EGFR ECD missense mutation was not associated with clinical benefit. We evaluated the pretreatment transcriptome in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) by RNA sequencing in a subset of patients and identified a signature that distinguished patients who had durable benefit versus those with rapid progression. CONCLUSION While dacomitinib was not effective in most patients with EGFR-amplified GBM, a subset experienced a durable, clinically meaningful benefit. Moreover, EGFRvIII and EGFR ECD mutation status in archival tumors did not predict clinical benefit. RNA signatures in circulating EVs may warrant investigation as biomarkers of dacomitinib efficacy in GBM.
Treatment of Acromegalic Osteopathy in Real-life Clinical Practice: The BAAC (Bone Active Drugs in Acromegaly) Study
Authors: Mazziotti Gherardo , Battista Claudia , Maffezzoni Filippo , Chiloiro Sabrina , Ferrante Emanuele , Prencipe Nunzia , Grasso Ludovica , Gatto Federico , Olivetti Roberto , Arosio Maura , Barale Marco , Bianchi Antonio , Cellini Miriam , Chiodini Iacopo , De Marinis Laura , Del Sindaco Giulia , Di Somma Carolina , Ferlin Alberto , Ghigo Ezio , Giampietro Antonella , Grottoli Silvia , Lavezzi Elisabetta , Mantovani Giovanna , Morenghi Emanuela , Pivonello Rosario , Porcelli Teresa , Procopio Massimo , Pugliese Flavia , Scillitani Alfredo , Lania Andrea Gerardo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Vertebral fractures (VFs) are a frequent complication of acromegaly, but no studies have been so far published on effectiveness of antiosteoporotic drugs in this clinical setting.

Objective
To evaluate whether in real-life clinical practice bone active drugs may reduce the risk of VFs in patients with active or controlled acromegaly.

Study design
Retrospective, longitudinal study including 9 tertiary care endocrine units.

Patients and Methods
Two hundred and forty-eight patients with acromegaly (104 males; mean age 56.00 ± 13.60 years) were evaluated for prevalent and incident VFs by quantitative morphometric approach. Bone active agents were used in 52 patients (20.97%) and the median period of follow-up was 48 months (range 12-132).

Results
During the follow-up, 65 patients (26.21%) developed incident VFs in relationship with pre-existing VFs (odds ratio [OR] 3.75; P &lt; .001), duration of active acromegaly (OR 1.01; P = .04), active acromegaly at the study entry (OR 2.48; P = .007), and treated hypoadrenalism (OR 2.50; P = .005). In the entire population, treatment with bone active drugs did not have a significant effect on incident VFs (P = .82). However, in a sensitive analysis restricted to patients with active acromegaly at study entry (111 cases), treatment with bone active drugs was associated with a lower risk of incident VFs (OR 0.11; P = .004), independently of prevalent VFs (OR 7.65; P &lt; .001) and treated hypoadrenalism (OR 3.86; P = .007).

Conclusions
Bone active drugs may prevent VFs in patients with active acromegaly.
From the Critique of Violence to the Critique of Rights
Authors: Lloyd David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This essay addresses Walter Benjamin's “Critique of Violence” to draw out the implications of the paradox he notes, that an exercise of a right, if it calls into question the legitimacy of the legal order, can be perceived by the state as violent, even where it is, strictly speaking, nonviolent. Benjamin theorized this in relation to the general strike, which reveals “an objective contradiction in the legal situation” that is nonetheless fundamental to the problematic constitution-in-violence of the state itself. His meditation on the strike can be extended to boycott, divestment, and sanctions as nonviolent exercises of a right that are understood by the state as destructive acts of violence: they present a challenge to the legitimacy of the state precisely in their will to abolish a condition of exclusion and differential rights that is constitutive of the state. In this respect, the observation that BDS seeks “the destruction of the state of Israel” finds its rationale and its limit within the logic of the “Critique of Violence” but also points beyond the institutions of rights, states, and law.
A heterodimeric SNX4­–SNX7 SNX-BAR autophagy complex coordinates ATG9A trafficking for efficient autophagosome assembly
Authors: Antón Zuriñe , Betin Virginie M. S. , Simonetti Boris , Traer Colin J. , Attar Naomi , Cullen Peter J. , Lane Jon D. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of peripheral membrane proteins that direct protein trafficking decisions within the endocytic network. Emerging evidence in yeast and mammalian cells implicates a subgroup of SNXs in selective and non-selective forms of autophagy. Using siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9, we demonstrate that the SNX-BAR protein SNX4 is needed for efficient LC3 (also known as MAP1LC3) lipidation and autophagosome assembly in mammalian cells. SNX-BARs exist as homo- and hetero-dimers, and we show that SNX4 forms functional heterodimers with either SNX7 or SNX30 that associate with tubulovesicular endocytic membranes. Detailed image-based analysis during the early stages of autophagosome assembly reveals that SNX4–SNX7 is an autophagy-specific SNX-BAR heterodimer, required for efficient recruitment and/or retention of core autophagy regulators at the nascent isolation membrane. SNX4 partially colocalises with juxtanuclear ATG9A-positive membranes, with our data linking the autophagy defect upon SNX4 disruption to the mis-trafficking and/or retention of ATG9A in the Golgi region. Taken together, our findings show that the SNX4–SNX7 heterodimer coordinates ATG9A trafficking within the endocytic network to establish productive autophagosome assembly sites, thus extending knowledge of SNXs as positive regulators of autophagy.
GDNF drives rapid tubule morphogenesis in a novel 3D in vitro model for ADPKD
Authors: Dixon Eryn E. , Maxim Demetrios S. , Halperin Kuhns Victoria L. , Lane-Harris Allison C. , Outeda Patricia , Ewald Andrew J. , Watnick Terry J. , Welling Paul A. , Woodward Owen M. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Cystogenesis is a morphological consequence of numerous genetic diseases of the epithelium. In the kidney, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the program of altered cell and tubule morphology are obscured by secondary effects of cyst expansion. Here, we developed a new 3D tubuloid system to isolate the rapid changes in protein localization and gene expression that correlate with altered cell and tubule morphology during cyst initiation. Mouse renal tubule fragments were pulsed with a cell differentiation cocktail including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to yield collecting duct-like tubuloid structures with appropriate polarity, primary cilia, and gene expression. Using the 3D tubuloid model with an inducible Pkd2 knockout system allowed the tracking of morphological, protein, and genetic changes during cyst formation. Within hours of inactivation of Pkd2 and loss of polycystin-2, we observed significant progression in tubuloid to cyst morphology that correlated with 35 differentially expressed genes, many related to cell junctions, matrix interactions, and cell morphology previously implicated in cystogenesis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Ultrasound Use and Outpatient Management for Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis: A Case Report
Authors: Schroeder Paul B. , Hutto Wesley M. , Leggit Jeffery C. , Parker Charles H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (PFT) is an orthopedic emergency that necessitates prompt diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is largely clinically based on Kanavel's four cardinal signs with all four symptoms being present approximately 22% to 56% of the time. Evidence suggests that PFT diagnosed within 48 h of onset does not need surgical intervention. Ultrasonography can be used to aid in the diagnosis of PFT. It has a sensitivity of 94.4% and a negative predictive value of 96.7%. This illustrative case report demonstrates ultrasound's utility to not only aid in diagnosis but also serve as a tool for monitoring patient response.
Utilization of Botulinum Toxin for Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Moore Clint , Hulsopple Chad , Boyce Brett 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rehabilitation from musculoskeletal injuries is challenging with multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing athletes, conditions, and length of recovery. Multidisciplinary treatment strategies aim to address pathophysiology, mechanical, and psychosocial factors of injuries. An essential element in the recovery from musculoskeletal injuries is pain control and the return of physiologic function. There have been significant advancements in the understanding of pain and, therefore, new techniques and management strategies are being used. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has demonstrated valuable biopharmaceutical properties to provide neuromuscular blockade, which, in some cases, can help to return biomechanical and functional physiologic loss. There is developing literature in BoNT's ability to block pain in the treatment of painful musculoskeletal conditions. Critical analysis of the literature is necessary given the paucity of high-quality, evidence-based literature in the treatment of these conditions. This article reviews the utilization of BoNT in chronic exertional compartment syndrome, osteoarthritis, lateral epicondylosis, plantar fasciopathy, and myofascial pain syndrome.
Data extraction methods for systematic review (semi)automation: A living review protocol
Authors: Schmidt Lena , Olorisade Babatunde K. , McGuinness Luke A. , Thomas James , Higgins Julian P. T. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Researchers in evidence-based medicine cannot keep up with the amounts of both old and newly published primary research articles. Support for the early stages of the systematic review process – searching and screening studies for eligibility – is necessary because it is currently impossible to search for relevant research with precision. Better automated data extraction may not only facilitate the stage of review traditionally labelled ‘data extraction’, but also change earlier phases of the review process by making it possible to identify relevant research. Exponential improvements in computational processing speed and data storage are fostering the development of data mining models and algorithms. This, in combination with quicker pathways to publication, led to a large landscape of tools and methods for data mining and extraction. Objective: To review published methods and tools for data extraction to (semi)automate the systematic reviewing process. Methods: We propose to conduct a living review. With this methodology we aim to do constant evidence surveillance, bi-monthly search updates, as well as review updates every 6 months if new evidence permits it. In a cross-sectional analysis we will extract methodological characteristics and assess the quality of reporting in our included papers. Conclusions: We aim to increase transparency in the reporting and assessment of automation technologies to the benefit of data scientists, systematic reviewers and funders of health research. This living review will help to reduce duplicate efforts by data scientists who develop data mining methods. It will also serve to inform systematic reviewers about possibilities to support their data extraction.
Workplace exposure to carbon dioxide during routine laparoscopy – is it safe?
Authors: af Petersens Malin , Andersson Fenger-Krog Fritiof , Jakobsson Jan G. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Minimally invasive surgeries have increased dramatically during the last decades. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas used for insufflation during laparoscopies, creating space and visibility. The CO2 leaks into ambient air through ports where instruments are inserted. If the CO2 reaches a certain concentration it affects personnel health. There are national occupational exposure limits (OEL) for CO2, including a level limit value (LLV) of 5000 ppm. We are not aware of any previous studies addressing occupational exposure to CO2 during laparoscopies. The aim of this study was to assess the compliance to national OELs for CO2 during laparoscopies. Methods: A gas detector was placed in the breathing zone of personnel in the operating theatre. The detector measured CO2 concentrations every tenth minute during laparoscopies in three locations. Results: During 27 laparoscopies, the measured CO2 reached a maximum concentration of 1100 ppm, less than one fourth of the LLV. Median CO2 concentration was 700 ppm. Conclusion: Results show that the occupational exposure to CO2 during laparoscopies is well below set OELs. Our findings support personnel safety associated with routine use of CO2 during laparoscopies.
Mastering the Methods of Cognition of Natural Phenomena As an Important Component of the Natural Science Functional Literacy of a Primary Schoolchild
Authors: Timofeeva L. 
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the features of building the process of familiarizing elementary schoolchildren with scientific methods of cognition
(observation, experience) and their application to obtain new knowledge, solve educational, practical and educational-cognitive problems. This direction of educational activity of schoolchildren implements meta-subject learning outcomes in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, and also forms the basis of natural-scientific functional literacy among younger schoolchildren. On the basis of the author’s study, the principles of adapting scientific methods of cognition for use as ways of organizing learning activities are determined; the main stages of the formation of the ability of students to use scientific methods of cognition in students are identified.
Style and Skill: Hedge Funds, Mutual Funds, and Momentum
Authors: Grinblatt Mark , Jostova Gergana , Petrasek Lubomir , Philipov Alexander 
Published: June 2020

Classifying mandatory 13F stockholding filings by manager type reveals that hedge fund strategies are mostly contrarian, and mutual fund strategies are largely trend following. The only institutional performers—the two thirds of hedge fund managers that are contrarian—earn alpha of 2.4% per year. Contrarian hedge fund managers tend to trade profitably with all other manager types, especially when purchasing stocks from momentum-oriented hedge and mutual fund managers. Superior contrarian hedge fund performance exhibits persistence and stems from stock-picking ability rather than liquidity provision. Aggregate short sales further support these conclusions about the style and skill of various fund manager types. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
The Impact of Social vs. Nonsocial Referring Channels on Online News Consumption
Authors: Bar-Gill Sagit , Inbar Yael , Reichman Shachar 
Published: June 2020

The digitization of news markets has created a key role for online referring channels. This research combines field and laboratory experiments and analysis of large-scale clickstream data to study the effects of social versus nonsocial referral sources on news consumption in a referred news website visit. We theorize that referrer-specific browsing modes and referrer-induced news consumption thresholds interact to impact news consumption in referred visits to an online newspaper and that news sharing motivations invoked by the referral source impact sharing behavior in these referred visits. We find that social media referrals promote directed news consumption—visits with fewer articles, shorter durations, yet higher reading completion rates—compared with nonsocial referrals. Furthermore, social referrals invoke weaker informational sharing motivations relative to nonsocial referrals, thus leading to a lower news sharing propensity relative to nonsocial referrals. The results highlight how news consumption changes when an increasing amount of traffic is referred by social media, provide insights applicable to news outlets’ strategies, and speak to ongoing debates regarding biases arising from social media’s growing importance as an avenue for news consumption.This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
How the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting paediatric orthopaedics practice: A preliminary report
Authors: Peiro-Garcia Alejandro , Corominas Laura , Coelho Alexandre , DeSena-DeCabo Lidia , Torner-Rubies Ferran , Fontecha Cesar G. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose Since the state of alarm was decreed in Spain on 14 March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an extraordinary impact in paediatric hospitals. This study shows the effect of the pandemic on our practice in paediatric orthopaedics in a referral third level paediatric hospital. Methods We performed a single-centre retrospective review of the official census from a third level paediatric hospital from 14 March to 14 April for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. Results The patients seen in our clinic during this period in 2020 decreased in by 82% (p < 0.001) compared with 2018 and 2019, however, the number of telemedicine consultations increased by 90.21% (p < 0.001). The total number of patients attending the clinic (including onsite and virtual) was reduced by 54.25% (p < 0.001). The total surgeries performed plummeted by 81% in this period in 2020 (p < 0.001) due to a reduction in elective cases of 94.6% (p < 0.001). No significant decrease was found in the number of urgent surgical cases per day in 2020 (p = 0.34). Finally, the number of orthopaedic patients admitted to our emergency department dropped by 78.6% during the state of alarm (p < 0.001). Conclusion According to our results, the pandemic has significantly affected our daily practice by decreasing elective surgeries and onsite clinics, but other activities have increased. As we have implemented telemedicine and new technologies to adapt to this setback, we should take advantage of the situation to change our practice in the future to better allocate our health resources and to anticipate outbreaks. Published without peer review. Level of Evidence IV