bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RF heating of deep brain stimulation implants in open‐bore vertical MRI systems: A simulation study with realistic device configurations
Authors: Golestanirad Laleh , Kazemivalipour Ehsan , Lampman David , Habara Hideta , Atalar Ergin , Rosenow Joshua , Pilitsis Julie , Kirsch John 
Published: November 2019

PurposePatients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants benefit highly from MRI, however, access to MRI is restricted for these patients because of safety hazards associated with RF heating of the implant. To date, all MRI studies on RF heating of medical implants have been performed in horizontal closed‐bore systems. Vertical MRI scanners have a fundamentally different distribution of electric and magnetic fields and are now available at 1.2T, capable of high‐resolution structural and functional MRI. This work presents the first simulation study of RF heating of DBS implants in high‐field vertical scanners.MethodsWe performed finite element electromagnetic simulations to calculate specific absorption rate (SAR) at tips of DBS leads during MRI in a commercially available 1.2T vertical coil compared to a 1.5T horizontal scanner. Both isolated leads and fully implanted systems were included.ResultsWe found 10‐ to 30‐fold reduction in SAR implication at tips of isolated DBS leads, and up to 19‐fold SAR reduction at tips of leads in fully implanted systems in vertical coils compared to horizontal birdcage coils.ConclusionsIf confirmed in larger patient cohorts and verified experimentally, this result can open the door to plethora of structural and functional MRI applications to guide, interpret, and advance DBS therapy.
Analyzing Leap Characteristics and Water Escape Velocities of Silver Carp Using In Situ Video Analysis
Authors: Stell E. , Hoover J. J. , Fuller L. , Parsons G. R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Measuring the burst speeds of fish has long been problematic due to the lack of in situ measurements. Using boat-mounted cameras, we recorded video of invasive Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the field as they were leaping from the water and measured their leap height, horizontal distance, and angle of escape and estimated their escape velocity. Leap characteristics, fish morphometrics, and environmental data were measured from populations of carp in Mississippi, Missouri, and Illinois. The means for leap height and distance (±SE) across all of the study areas were 125 ± 5.54 and 209 ± 9.10 cm, respectively. The maximum leap height that was recorded was 276.08 cm (in Ramsey Creek, Missouri), and the maximum distance was 482.34 cm (in DeSoto Lake, Mississippi), both more than double the mean values. The majority of carp (66.1%) leaped at angles between 46° and 65°. The mean water escape velocities (WEV) varied across the three study sites. The velocities in Missouri, 628.4 ± 31.6 cm/s, were significantly higher than they were in Mississippi, 471.2 ± 16.9 cm/s or in Illinois, 551.7 ± 20.6 cm/s. The maximum measured escape velocity was 771 cm/s, but the maximum estimated WEV was substantially higher at 1,280 cm/s. Larger Silver Carp were captured at lower latitudes: 54.79 ± 0.74 cm in Illinois, 60.86 ± 0.75 cm in Missouri, and 73.09 ± 1.03 cm in Mississippi. A regression analysis indicated that leap distance and height were correlated with fish size, escape velocity, and angle of escape and that escape velocity was correlated with streamflow velocity, fish size, and water temperature. This study provides a first-time quantification of the leap characteristics and escape velocities of Silver Carp, which we believe approximates their maximum burst swim speeds. Therefore, these data can be used to develop or refine effective vertical and hydraulic barriers to the dispersal of Silver Carp. The data also demonstrate that the leaping and high-speed swimming capabilities of Silver Carp are greater than has been assumed previously.
Proteomic analysis of rat kidney under maleic acid treatment by SWATH‐MS technology
Authors: Chien Han‐Ju , Xue Yu‐Ting , Chen Hsin‐Chang , Wu Kuen‐Yuh , Lai Chien‐Chen 
Published: November 2019

RationaleMaleic acid is an industrial‐grade chemical that is often used in adhesives, stabilizers, and preservatives. It is unknown whether long‐term consumption of maleic acid modified starch is harmful to humans. However, many studies have indicated that maleic acid causes renal tubular damage in animal models, even as the associated pathways remain unclear. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH) is the most innovative of the label‐free quantitative technologies which have better quantification performance. Therefore, SWATH technology was used to investigate the effect of maleic acid on the rat kidney proteome in this study.MethodsSprague‐Dawley(SD) rats were treated with 0 mg/kg (control), 6 mg/kg (low‐dose), 10 mg/kg (medium‐dose), and 60 mg/kg (high‐dose) of maleic acid. After kidney protein extraction, 28% SDS‐PAGE was used, followed by in‐gel digestion and desalting. Next, the samples were analyzed with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF MS), and data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) and SWATH technology were also used. The gene ontology and pathway analysis were accomplished. Ultimately, these protein biomarkers were validated by using scheduled high‐resolution multiple reaction monitoring (sMRMHR).ResultsComparisons of the control group with the other three groups revealed that 95, 130, and 103 proteins were expressed at significantly different levels in the control group and in the low‐dose, medium‐dose, and high‐dose groups, respectively. According to the gene ontology analysis, the major processes that these proteins were involved in were metabolic processes, biological regulation, cellular processes, and responses to stimuli; the major functions that these proteins were involved in were binding, hydrolase activity, catalytic activity, and oxidoreductase activity; and the major cellular components hat they were involved in were the cytoplasm, extracellular region, membrane, and mitochondria. According to the KEGG pathway analysis, these proteins were involved in 35 pathways, five of which, the carbohydrate metabolism, folate biosynthesis, renal tubular resorption, amino acid metabolism, and Ras signaling pathways, are discussed in this study. Ultimately, 19 proteins involved in 12 important pathways were validated by sMRMHR.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that maleic acid caused insufficient energy production, which might lead to a decrease in the activity of the sodium‐potassium ATP pump and hydrogen ion ATP pump, which could in turn have caused renal tubular resorption and hydrogen ion regulation to be blocked, thus leading to the accumulation of hydrogen ions in the renal tubules, which would then result in renal tubular acidification followed finally by Fanconi syndrome.
SmartArm: Integration and validation of a versatile surgical robotic system for constrained workspaces
Authors: Marinho Murilo Marques , Harada Kanako , Morita Akio , Mitsuishi Mamoru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground: With the increasing presence of surgical robots minimally invasive surgery, there is a growing necessity of a versatile surgical system for deep and narrow workspaces.Methods: We developed a versatile system for constrained workspaces called SmartArm. It has two industrial‐type robotic arms with flexible tools attached to its distal tip, with a total of nine active degrees‐of‐freedom. The system has a control algorithm based on constrained optimization that allows the safe generation of task constraints and intuitive teleoperation.Results: The SmartArm system is evaluated in a master‐slave experiment in which a medically untrained user operates the robot to suture the dura mater membrane at the skull base of a realistic head phantom. Our results show that the user could accomplish the task proficiently, with speed and accuracy comparable to manual suturing by surgeons.Conclusions We demonstrated the integration and validation of the SmartArm.
Moments of Pause: Understanding Students’ Shifting Perceptions During a Muslim Young Adult Literature Learning Experience
Authors: Ginsberg Ricki , Glenn Wendy J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough scholarship has examined the representation of Muslim characters and/or followers of Islam in literature for children and young adults and provided reference materials for classroom instruction, the incorporation of Muslim literature in classroom contexts has been largely unexplored. Drawing from Braun and Clarke's conception of thematic analysis as a methodological approach, the authors describe the shifting perceptions of a high school English class as student participants read and discussed young adult texts centered on Muslim protagonists and the religion of Islam. Findings offer a graphic display for understanding the participants’ shifting perceptions and how the learning experience ultimately resulted in students’ ability and willingness to challenge their initial beliefs about Muslim cultures and Islam.
Introduction
Authors: Valpey Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Introduction to Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics serves as an overview of the book, initially identifying three attitudes toward cows as essentially objectifying them. The starting point for an ethics of cow care that follows Hindu tradition wherein the subjective personhood of cows (and all living beings, as non-temporal beings–atman) is valued, is indicated in a key stanza of the teaching on bhakti, the Bhagavad Gita. In this text, “equal vision” points the way toward ethical reflection and practice that is identified with “Hinduism” and yet, simultaneously, this vision subverts identification of persons with any temporal designations such as “Hindu.” The remainder of the Introduction provides brief overviews of each of the five chapters, with their varying literary, historical, ethnographic, and philosophical concerns.
Symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic key exchange protocols in the octonion algebra
Authors: Lipiński Z. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe propose three cryptographic key exchange protocols in the octonion algebra. Using the totient function, defined for integral octonions, we generalize the RSA public-key cryptosystem to the octonion arithmetics. The two proposed symmetric cryptographic key exchange protocols are based on the automorphism and the derivation of the octonion algebra.
Transcript expression of inward rectifier potassium channels of Kir2 subfamily in Arctic marine and freshwater fish species
Authors: Hassinen Minna , Korajoki Hanna , Abramochkin Denis , Krivosheya Pavel , Vornanen Matti 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInward rectifier K+(Kir2) channels are critical for electrical excitability of cardiac myocytes. Here, we examine expression of Kir2 channels in the heart of three Gadiformes species, polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and navaga (Eleginus nawaga) of the Arctic Ocean and burbot (Lota lota) of the temperate lakes to find out the role of Kir2 channels in cardiac adaptation to cold. Five boreal freshwater species: brown trout (Salmo trutta fario), arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), roach (Rutilus rutilus), perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pike (Esox lucius), and zebrafish (Danio rerio), were included for comparison. Transcript expression of genes encoding Kir2.1a, − 2.1b, − 2.2a, − 2.2b and − 2.4 was studied from atrium and ventricle of thermally acclimated or acclimatized fish by quantitative PCR. Kir2 composition in the polar cod was more diverse than in other species in that all Kir2 isoforms were relatively highly expressed. Kir2 composition of navaga and burbot differed from that of the polar cod as well as from those of other species. The relative expression of Kir2.2 transcripts, especially Kir2.2b, was higher in both atrium and ventricle of navaga and burbot (56–89% from the total Kir2 pool) than in other species (0.1–11%). Thermal acclimation induced only small changes in cardiac Kir2 transcript expression in Gadiformes species. However, Kir2.2b transcripts were upregulated in cold-acclimated navaga and burbot hearts. All in all, the cardiac Kir2 composition seems to be dependent on both phylogenetic position and thermal preference of the fish.
The genetic landscape of the human solute carrier (SLC) transporter superfamily
Authors: Schaller Lena , Lauschke Volker M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The human solute carrier (SLC) superfamily of transporters is comprised of over 400 membrane-bound proteins, and plays essential roles in a multitude of physiological and pharmacological processes. In addition, perturbation of SLC transporter function underlies numerous human diseases, which renders SLC transporters attractive drug targets. Common genetic polymorphisms in SLC genes have been associated with inter-individual differences in drug efficacy and toxicity. However, despite their tremendous clinical relevance, epidemiological data of these variants are mostly derived from heterogeneous cohorts of small sample size and the genetic SLC landscape beyond these common variants has not been comprehensively assessed. In this study, we analyzed Next-Generation Sequencing data from 141,456 individuals from seven major human populations to evaluate genetic variability, its functional consequences, and ethnogeographic patterns across the entire SLC superfamily of transporters. Importantly, of the 204,287 exonic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) which we identified, 99.8% were present in less than 1% of analyzed alleles. Comprehensive computational analyses using 13 partially orthogonal algorithms that predict the functional impact of genetic variations based on sequence information, evolutionary conservation, structural considerations, and functional genomics data revealed that each individual genome harbors 29.7 variants with putative functional effects, of which rare variants account for 18%. Inter-ethnic variability was found to be extensive, and 83% of deleterious SLC variants were only identified in a single population. Interestingly, population-specific carrier frequencies of loss-of-function variants in SLC genes associated with recessive Mendelian disease recapitulated the ethnogeographic variation of the corresponding disorders, including cystinuria in Jewish individuals, type II citrullinemia in East Asians, and lysinuric protein intolerance in Finns, thus providing a powerful resource for clinical geneticists to inform about population-specific prevalence and allelic composition of Mendelian SLC diseases. In summary, we present the most comprehensive data set of SLC variability published to date, which can provide insights into inter-individual differences in SLC transporter function and guide the optimization of population-specific genotyping strategies in the bourgeoning fields of personalized medicine and precision public health.
Diagnostic trajectories in child and adolescent mental health services: exploring the prevalence and patterns of diagnostic adjustments in an electronic mental health case register
Authors: O’Connor Cliodhna , Downs Johnny , Shetty Hitesh , McNicholas Fiona 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Community-based epidemiological studies show transitions between psychiatric disorders are common during child development. However, little research has explored the prevalence or patterns of the diagnostic adjustments that occur in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Understanding diagnostic trajectories is necessary to inform theory development in developmental psychopathology and clinical judgements regarding risk and prognosis. In this study, data from CAMHS clinical records were extracted from a British mental health case register (N = 12,543). Analysis calculated the proportion of children whose clinical records showed a longitudinal diagnostic adjustment (i.e. addition of a subsequent diagnosis of a different diagnostic class, at > 30 days’ distance from their first diagnosis). Regression analyses investigated typical diagnostic sequences and their relationships with socio-demographic variables, service use and standardised measures of mental health. Analysis found that 19.3% of CAMHS attendees had undergone a longitudinal diagnostic adjustment. Ethnicity, diagnostic class and symptom profiles significantly influenced the likelihood of a diagnostic adjustment. Affective and anxiety/stress-related disorders longitudinally predicted each other, as did hyperkinetic and conduct disorders, and hyperkinetic and pervasive developmental disorders. Results suggest that approximately one in five young service users have their original psychiatric diagnosis revised or supplemented during their time in CAMHS. By revealing the most common diagnostic sequences, this study enables policy makers to anticipate future service needs and clinicians to make informed projections about their patients’ likely trajectories. Further research is required to understand how young people experience diagnostic adjustments and their psychological and pragmatic implications.
Optimal dynamic control of predator–prey models
Authors: Becker Otwin , Leopold-Wildburger Ulrike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper combines work to use a decision support tool for sustainable economic development, while acknowledging interdependent dynamics of population density, and interferences from outside. We get new insights derived from experimental approaches: analytical models (optimal dynamic control of predator–prey models) provide optimal dynamic strategies and interventions, depending on different objective functions. Our economic experiments are able to test the applicability of these strategies, and in how far decision-makers can learn to improve decision-making by repeated applications. We aim to analyse a sustainable environment with diametrical goals to harvest as much as possible while allowing optimal population growth. We find interesting insights from those who manage the dynamic system. With the methodology of experimental economics, the experiment at hand is developed to analyse the capability of individual persons to handle a complex system, and to find an economic, stable equilibrium in a neutral setting. We have developed a most interesting simulation model, where it will turn out that prices play a less important role than availability of the goods. This aspect could become a new important aspect in economics in general and in sustainable environments especially.
Characteristics of saw-tooth bars on the ebb-tidal deltas of the Wadden Islands
Authors: Brakenhoff Laura , Ruessink Gerben , van der Vegt Maarten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSaw-tooth bars are shore-oblique sand bars that are found along most ebb-tidal deltas of the Frisian Wadden Islands. Although they might significantly affect sediment transport pathways and volumes on the deltas, their general characteristics and dynamics are largely unknown. The main aim of this paper is to determine the typical saw-tooth bar heights, wave lengths, widths, orientations, migration rates and depths of occurrence. To this end, we analysed bathymetries from the Dutch and German Frisian Wadden Islands between 1970 and 2015. Bar heights range between 0.5 and 2 m, and wave lengths range between 300 and 900 m, with an average of 670 m, and the bar crests have a down contour orientation of approximately 25°. The bars are between 800 and 2200 m wide. Saw-tooth bars are located at depths from 3 to 12 m, depending on the slope of the area. Migration speeds of up to 112 m/year were found, using a spatial correlation method. Bar height and migration speed are positively linearly correlated, as well as bar wave length and bar width, bar height and the orientation of the depth contours and migration speed and the orientation of the area. The derived characteristics are compared to those of other bar types to evaluate hypotheses regarding the formation mechanism of the bars.
Assessing the quality of ionospheric models through GNSS positioning error: methodology and results
Authors: Rovira-Garcia Adrià , Ibáñez-Segura Deimos , Orús-Perez Raul , Juan José Miguel , Sanz Jaume , González-Casado Guillermo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Single-frequency users of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) must correct for the ionospheric delay. These corrections are available from global ionospheric models (GIMs). Therefore, the accuracy of the GIM is important because the unmodeled or incorrectly part of ionospheric delay contributes to the positioning error of GNSS-based positioning. However, the positioning error of receivers located at known coordinates can be used to infer the accuracy of GIMs in a simple manner. This is why assessment of GIMs by means of the position domain is often used as an alternative to assessments in the ionospheric delay domain. The latter method requires accurate reference ionospheric values obtained from a network solution and complex geodetic modeling. However, evaluations using the positioning error method present several difficulties, as evidenced in recent works, that can lead to inconsistent results compared to the tests using the ionospheric delay domain. We analyze the reasons why such inconsistencies occur, applying both methodologies. We have computed the position of 34 permanent stations for the entire year of 2014 within the last Solar Maximum. The positioning tests have been done using code pseudoranges and carrier-phase leveled (CCL) measurements. We identify the error sources that make it difficult to distinguish the part of the positioning error that is attributable to the ionospheric correction: the measurement noise, pseudorange multipath, evaluation metric, and outliers. Once these error sources are considered, we obtain equivalent results to those found in the ionospheric delay domain assessments. Accurate GIMs can provide single-frequency navigation positioning at the decimeter level using CCL measurements and better positions than those obtained using the dual-frequency ionospheric-free combination of pseudoranges. Finally, some recommendations are provided for further studies of ionospheric models using the position domain method.
Quantitative Raman spectroscopy for the Ioncell™ process. Part 1: comparison of univariate and multivariate calibration methods for the quantification of water and protic ionic liquid components
Authors: Guizani Chamseddine , Hellstén Sanna , Witos Joanna , Sixta Herbert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We investigate in this paper the potential of Raman spectroscopy for the quantification of protic ionic liquid components (acid and base) and water, in ionic liquid/water mixtures, taking 1.5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH][OAc]) as a case study. We show that the combination of Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics is quite successful for the quantitative analysis of the ionic liquid components and water in mixtures over wide concentration ranges. The finding of the present work suggest that Raman spectroscopy should be considered more universally for the in-line monitoring and control of processes involving ionic liquid/H2O mixtures.