bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enjeux politiques et espaces médiatiques dans les écrits de compositeurs polonais
Authors: Keym Stefan 
Published: June 2020

Les stratégies créatrices et médiatiques des compositeurs polonais furent fortement influencées par la situation politique particulière de leur pays, longtemps occupé par des puissances étrangères. L’engagement patriotique que la société polonaise exigeait de ses artistes permit à quelques compositeurs et à leurs textes de pénétrer dans des espaces médiatiques au-delà du domaine artistique. Les enjeux entre patriotisme et autopromotion artistique sont analysés à travers les écrits de compositeurs polonais de l’époque avant et après la renaissance de l’état polonais en 1918. Alors qu’avant cette césure la musique et le discours autour d’elle servaient souvent de moyen à des fins politiques (notamment dans le cas d’Ignacy Jan Paderewski), on constate une situation opposée aux années 1920, lorsque Karol Szymanowski n’hésita pas à instrumentaliser le sentiment nationaliste afin de promouvoir sa propre nouvelle esthétique comme une sorte de « libération » du joug de la musique germanique du xixe siècle.
Les écrits de compositeurs dans les publications liées au Congrès pour la liberté de la culture (1952-1966)
Authors: Barthel-Calvet Anne-Sylvie 
Published: June 2020

Dans le contexte culturel de la guerre froide, le Congrès pour la liberté de la culture met en place une politique médiatique offensive, en particulier à travers un bouquet de journaux implantés dans divers pays européens, dont Preuves en France. D’autres publications, comme La Revue Musicale sont sollicitées pour des numéros spéciaux. C’est ainsi qu’en 1952, à l’occasion du festival « L’Oeuvre du xxe siècle », et en 1965-1966, avec l’enquête « La musique sérielle aujourd’hui » menée par André Boucourechliev, des textes de compositeurs sont rassemblés, respectivement dans La Revue Musicale et Preuves. Les auteurs sont invités plus ou moins explicitement à aborder des questions comme l’évolution en cours de la musique. D’une grande diversité de ton comme de contenu, ces écrits traduisent des conceptions très différentes du rapport au grand public. Cet article se propose d’étudier la manière dont les compositeurs ont investi ces espaces médiatiques spécifiques.
L’imaginaire linguistique postcolonial : des écrivains classiques africains à ceux de la diaspora
Authors: Adjoumani A. Mia Élise 
Published: June 2020

Cet article a pour but de montrer quelques variations, évolutions, constantes, caractéristiques du courant postcolonial ainsi que leurs implications, à partir d’une approche comparée des imaginaires linguistiques des écrivains « classiques du continent » africain et de ceux de la diaspora. Menée du point de vue de la pensée postcoloniale, cette réflexion présente les langues littéraires de ces derniers comme des laboratoires d’analyse du monde postcolonial.
« Une fissure dans le présent » : la ruine comme échappée chez Sylvain Tesson et Jean-Paul Kauffmann
Authors: Daunais Isabelle 
Published: June 2020

Sylvain Tesson et Jean-Paul Kauffmann accordent une place centrale aux ruines qu’ils croisent, le premier le long des chemins ruraux qu’il suit dans une traversée de la France à pied (Sur les chemins noirs, 2016), le second sur les routes de l’oblast de Kaliningrad, qu’il visite à l’occasion du bicentenaire de la bataille d’Eylau (Outre-Terre, 2016). Le choix par les deux voyageurs de ces destinations marginales et hors du temps n’est pas un hasard : ce sont les ruines, les restes, les débris et les traces qui s’y trouvent qui non seulement les leur font choisir, mais qui, aussi, les aiguillonnent tout au long de leur parcours. En cela, leurs périples respectifs suggèrent un usage contemporain des ruines, qui n’est pas de partir à la recherche de mondes disparus ni d’éprouver leur propre finitude au contact de celle de la matière. Au contraire, Tesson et Kauffmann entreprennent chacun leur voyage dans un but de consolidation : du corps pour Tesson, accidenté quelques mois auparavant ; du sens qu’on peut donner à la survie pour Kauffmann, durablement marqué par son expérience d’ancien otage au Liban dans les années 1980. Les paysages ruinés à la rencontre desquels vont les deux voyageurs constituent une forme d’échappée ; le temps que mesurent pour eux les ruines ne les renvoie pas à un moment spécifique de l’Histoire, mais leur permet d’élargir les frontières du présent, de toucher au passé dans sa généralité et dans son étendue et, par là, d’ouvrir une brèche dans la vision présentiste qu’a notre époque du monde et de l’existence.
Biochemical and toxicological effects of methanolic extract ofAsparagus africanusLam in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: El-Ishaq Abubakar , Alshawsh Mohammed A. , Mun Kein Seong , Chik Zamri 
Published: June 2020

Asparagus africanusLam. is a plant used traditionally to treat different ailments. Currently, scanty information is available on its safety. The aim of this study is to determine the acute toxicity of the methanolic extract on vital organs and its associated biochemical parameters. Fifteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as normal control, groups II, III, IV, and V were orally administered single dose of crude extract dissolved in distilled water at 5 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW and 2,000 mg/kg BW. Rats were observed for 14 days and body weights were recorded. On day 15, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and haematological analyses, while the liver and kidneys were sampled for histopathological examination. Body weight and haematology parameters results showed significance difference (p < 0.05) among means of HGB, RDW, RBC, and MCHC; likewise, (p < 0.001) for WBC and platelet among treated groups. Histopathology result showed that kidneys appeared normal while livers were congested with mildly swollen hepatocytes and occasional binucleation. Focal lobular hepatitis was observed in all treated animals. However, hepatic enzymes were not significantly affected and no histopathological harmful effects were observed in kidney.In conclusion, methanolic extracts ofA. africanusare safe up to 2,000 mg/kg BW. The obtained results could be used as a justification for the traditional application of the plant for treatment of various ailments.
Dual Single‐Atomic Ni‐N4 and Fe‐N4 Sites Constructing Janus Hollow Graphene for Selective Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Jiangyue , Li Hao , Fan Chuang , Meng Qingwei , Tang Yawen , Qiu Xiaoyu , Fu Gengtao , Ma Tianyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNitrogen‐coordinated metal single atoms in carbon have aroused extensive interest recently and have been growing as an active research frontier in a wide range of key renewable energy reactions and devices. Herein, a step‐by‐step self‐assembly strategy is developed to allocate nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) single atoms respectively on the inner and outer walls of graphene hollow nanospheres (GHSs), realizing separate‐sided different single‐atom functionalization of hollow graphene. The Ni or Fe single atom is demonstrated to be coordinated with four N atoms via the formation of a Ni‐N4 or Fe‐N4 planar configuration. The developed Ni‐N4/GHSs/Fe‐N4 Janus material exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance, in which the outer Fe‐N4 clusters dominantly contribute to high activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), while the inner Ni‐N4 clusters are responsible for excellent activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Density functional theory calculations demonstrate the structures and reactivities of Fe‐N4 and Ni‐N4 for the ORR and OER. The Ni‐N4/GHSs/Fe‐N4 endows a rechargeable Zn–air battery with excellent energy efficiency and cycling stability as an air‐cathode, outperforming that of the benchmark Pt/C+RuO2 air‐cathode. The current work paves a new avenue for precise control of single‐atom sites on carbon surface for the high‐performance and selective electrocatalysts.
Capacitive Organic Dye Removal by Block Copolymer Based Porous Carbon Fibers
Authors: Serrano Joel Marcos , Khan Assad U. , Liu Tianyu , Xu Zhen , Esker Alan R. , Liu Guoliang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBlock copolymer based porous carbon fibers (PCFs) have hierarchical pores, high surface areas, and excellent electrical/ion conductivities. Herein, PCF is synthesized from poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(acrylonitrile) and utilized for organic dye removal. The PCF contains hierarchical macro‐, meso‐, and micropores with a surface area of 780 m2 g−1. The electrosorptive behavior of PCF is well described by the Langmuir isotherm and the Weber–Morris model. Based on the model, the interconnected hierarchical pores contribute to easy accessibility of dye ions to the inner surface sites within PCF, resulting in a high electrosorption capacity of 1360 mg g−1, reaching ≈87% of the theoretical maximum. The PCF shows a capacity loss of <0.5% over ten cycles during a 240 h operation period. Thanks to the hierarchical pores that allow for rapid ion desorption, the PCF can easily be regenerated. Lastly, depending on the electrode configuration, the PCF can selectively remove anionic dye, cationic dye, or both. The findings herein provide a fundamental understanding of electrosorptive behavior of block copolymer based porous carbon fibers, enabling future development in filtration applications.
Scalable Construction of Hollow Multishell Co3O4 with Mitigated Interface Reconstruction for Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Li Junhao , Li Fangyuan , Liao Jinyun , Li Hao , Dang Dai , Liu Quanbing , Peng Hong‐Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo meet the growing needs for high‐capacity and/or high‐power energy storage systems, designing high‐performance lithium storage materials beyond traditional graphite anodes are crucial for lithium‐ion batteries. Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) as a potential anode material is proved to own a high theoretical capacity, but its practical application is always limited by the conflict between performance comprehensiveness and synthesis scalability. Herein, a uniform hollow multishell Co3O4 with high specific surface area is designed via a simple and scalable route based on inhomogeneous contraction. The mean diameter of precursor and inner structure are influenced by hydrothermal reaction time. Owing to the unique structure, the material exhibits high electrochemical performance for lithium storage. The as‐prepared hollow sphere delivers a high specific capacity of 1012 mAh g−1 at a current density of 445 mA g−1 even after 200 cycles. Moreover, the synthetic strategy is readily extendable for accurate construction of other desired energy storage materials.
Integrated Soft Optoelectronics for Wearable Health Monitoring
Authors: Biswas Shantonu , Shao Yitian , Hachisu Taku , Nguyen‐Dang Tung , Visell Yon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent developments in stretchable electronics hold promise to advance wearable technologies for health monitoring. Emerging techniques allow soft materials to serve as substrates and packaging for electronics, enabling devices to comply with and conform to the body, unlike conventional rigid electronics. However, few stretchable electronic devices achieve the high integration densities that are possible using conventional substrates, such as printed rigid or flexible circuit boards. Here, a new manufacturing method is presented for wearable soft health monitoring devices with high integration densities. It is shown how to fabricate soft electronics on rigid carrier substrates using microfabrication techniques in tandem with strain relief features. Together, these make it possible to integrate a large variety of surface mount components in complex stretchable circuits on thin polymer substrates. The method is largely compatible with existing industrial manufacturing processes. The promise of these methods is demonstrated by realizing skin‐interfaced devices for multimodal physiological data capture via multiwavelength optoelectronic sensor arrays comprised of light emitting diodes and phototransistors. The devices provide high signal‐to‐noise ratio measurements of peripheral hemodynamics, illustrating the promise of soft electronics for wearable health monitoring applications.
Enantioselective Heck‐Matsuda Reactions of Spirocyclopentenyl Hydantoins Directed by Non‐Covalent Interactions: Total Synthesis of the (S,S)‐VPC01091
Authors: de Oliveira Valdeir C. , de Oliveira Juliana M. , Menezes da Silva Vitor H. , Khan Ismat U. , Correia Carlos Roque D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA highly efficient Heck‐Matsuda desymmetrization of unsaturated spirohydantoins directed by non‐covalent interactions, which allows the construction of two simultaneous stereogenic centers, including a trisubstituted quaternary one, is described. This Heck arylation permitted a novel enantioselective total synthesis of the S1PR1 agonist (also an S1PR3 antagonist) compound VPC01091, a potential drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The broad scope of these enantioselective Heck‐Matsuda protocol provided several arylated spiro systems in yields ranging from 76% to 99%, with enantiomeric ratios (er) up to 97:3, and diastereoselectivities (dr) of >20:1 in all cases studied. The method uses only 2% of Pd(TFA)2 and 3 mol% of the chiral N,N‐ligand Pyrabox in short reaction times of 1–2 h. These enantioselective Heck arylations can also be carried out at the gram scale in high yields with no erosion of their diastereoselectivity or enantioselectivity. The key spiro Heck products (R,R)‐21 and (R,R)‐27 bearing an aryl iodide moiety or an aryl n‐octyl moiety were employed as starting materials for the total enantioselective syntheses of the (S,S)‐VPC01091, in overall yields of 20% and 22% respectively after 10 or 9 steps from the starting spirohydantoin, with an er>95:5. Computational analysis of the enantioselective Heck‐Matsuda desymmetrization supports the rationale involving a key non‐covalent interaction between the imide carbonyl of the spirohydantoin and the cationic palladium bounded to the chiral N,N‐ligand.magnified image
Atomically Controlled Tunable Doping in High‐Performance WSe2 Devices
Authors: Pang Chin‐Sheng , Hung Terry Y. T. , Khosravi Ava , Addou Rafik , Wang Qingxiao , Kim Moon J. , Wallace Robert M. , Chen Zhihong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract2D transitional metal dichalcogenide (TMD) field‐effect transistors are promising candidates for future electronic applications, owing to their potential for ultimate device scaling. However, it is acknowledged that substantial contact resistance associated with the contact‐TMD interface has impeded device performance to a large extent. It has been discovered that O2 plasma treatment can convert WSe2 into WO3−x and substantially improve contact resistances of p‐type WSe2 devices by strong doping induced thinner depletion width. In this paper, temperature dependence of this conversion is studied, demonstrating an oxidation process with a precise monolayer control at room temperature and multilayer conversion at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, lateral oxidation of WSe2 underneath contact revealed by high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscope leads to potential unpinning of the metal Fermi level and Schottky barrier lowering, resulting in lower contact resistances. The p‐doping effect is attributed to the high electron affinity of the WO3−x layer on top of the remaining WSe2 channel, and the doping level is dependent on the WO3−x thickness that is controlled by the temperature. Comprehensive materials and electrical characterizations are presented, with a low contact resistance of ≈528 Ω μm and record high on‐state current of 320 μA μm−1 at −1 V bias being reported.
Cowpeas as a summer cover crop for forage rye
Authors: Aiosa M. L. , Neely C. B. , Morgan C. L. , Jessup R. W. , Corriher‐Olson V. A. , Somenahally A. C. , Norman K. D. , Smith G. R. , Rouquette F. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCowpeas [Vigna unguiculate (L) Walp] as a summer cover crop have the potential to provide N to a cool‐season crop. The objectives of this study were to evaluate two cowpea cultivars grown as a cover crop to supply N for forage rye (Secale cereale L.) and to document cowpea N and C contributions to the soil. The 2‐yr study was conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Overton on a Darco loamy fine sand (loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) during 2014–2016. Treatments were arranged in a split‐plot design with four replicates with cover crop as the main plot and N rate as subplot. Cover crop treatments included ‘Combine’ (COM) and ‘Iron and Clay’ (IAC) cowpeas and summer fallow. In late summer, cowpeas were incorporated as green manure, and four rates of fertilizer N were applied to rye. Total 2‐yr cowpea biomass incorporated as green manure was similar at 4,596 kg ha−1 and 5,058 kg ha−1 for IAC and COM, respectively. Cowpea was not effective as a green manure crop at providing N for rye biomass. Total soil N showed no difference (P ≥ .34) between cowpea entries or N rate within a soil depth. Each N rate increased rye biomass (P < .01) linearly (P < .001) in each year. Soil organic C from cowpeas increased about 6–8% over 2 yr. The extent of decomposition of cowpeas on the deep, sandy Darco soil limited nutrient transfer from cowpeas during this 2‐yr period.
A systematic approach to define flexibility in chemical engineering
Authors: Bruns Bastian , Herrmann Felix , Polyakova Maria , Grünewald Marcus , Riese Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreasing economic and environmental challenges leads to the need for changes in the chemical industry. In this context, a promising approach is utilizing flexible apparatuses and flexible plants to react to changing boundary conditions. However, the concept of flexibility in chemical engineering, which originated in manufacturing, still lacks a comprehensive organization and categorization of different types of flexibility. Thus, in this work, the origin of flexibility in manufacturing is traced, and a literature overview on flexibility in chemical engineering is provided. Based on a subsequent cluster analysis, four types of flexibility are identified and defined. Furthermore, this work enables research on flexibility to be integrated into a general and consistent definition of flexibility. The definitions are applied to examples from literature to achieve comparability. While enabling the qualitative assessment of flexibility, this work identifies open research gaps regarding the quantification of flexibility.
Haploinsufficiency of Cyfip2 Causes Lithium‐Responsive Prefrontal Dysfunction
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hyun , Zhang Yinhua , Park Jina , Kim Bowon , Kim Yangsik , Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Gyu Hyun , Huh Yang Hoon , Lee Bokyoung , Kim Yoonhee , Lee Yeunkum , Kim Jin Yong , Kang Hyojin , Choi Su‐Yeon , Jang Seil , Li Yan , Kim Shinhyun , Jin Chunmei , Pang Kaifang , Kim Eunjeong , Lee Yoontae , Kim Hyun , Kim Eunjoon , Choi Jee Hyun , Kim Jeongjin , Lee Kea Joo , Choi Se‐Young , Han Kihoon 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveGenetic variants of the cytoplasmic FMR1‐interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) encoding an actin‐regulatory protein are associated with brain disorders, including intellectual disability and epilepsy. However, specific in vivo neuronal defects and potential treatments for CYFIP2‐associated brain disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized Cyfip2 heterozygous (Cyfip2+/−) mice to understand their neurobehavioral phenotypes and the underlying pathological mechanisms. Furthermore, we examined a potential treatment for such phenotypes of the Cyfip2+/− mice and specified a neuronal function mediating its efficacy.MethodsWe performed behavioral analyses of Cyfip2+/− mice. We combined molecular, ultrastructural, and in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological analyses of Cyfip2+/− prefrontal neurons. We also selectively reduced CYFIP2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice with virus injections.ResultsAdult Cyfip2+/− mice exhibited lithium‐responsive abnormal behaviors. We found increased filamentous actin, enlarged dendritic spines, and enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission and excitability in the adult Cyfip2+/− PFC that was restricted to layer 5 (L5) neurons. Consistently, adult Cyfip2+/− mice showed increased seizure susceptibility and auditory steady‐state responses from the cortical electroencephalographic recordings. Among the identified prefrontal defects, lithium selectively normalized the hyperexcitability of Cyfip2+/− L5 neurons. RNA sequencing revealed reduced expression of potassium channel genes in the adult Cyfip2+/− PFC. Virus‐mediated reduction of CYFIP2 in the PFC was sufficient to induce L5 hyperexcitability and lithium‐responsive abnormal behavior.InterpretationThese results suggest that L5‐specific prefrontal dysfunction, especially hyperexcitability, underlies both the pathophysiology and the lithium‐mediated amelioration of neurobehavioral phenotypes in adult Cyfip2+/− mice, which can be implicated in CYFIP2‐associated brain disorders. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:526–543
NOx emissions of pulverized coal combustion in high‐temperature flue gas
Authors: Zhu Shujun , Zhu Jianguo , Lyu Qinggang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn improved high‐temperature flue gas combustion technology was developed and examined in this study. The high‐temperature flue gas generator generated a flow of flue gas at a high temperature (720°C) with low oxygen content (10%), which flowed into the main combustion zone and acted as the carrier gas for pulverized bituminous coal (0–0.355 mm) in the combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber, the coal particles reached a higher combustion temperature (>1,100°C) in a short time, and the temperature difference was within 230°C, which showed that the local oxidation zone had been avoided. Furthermore, air‐staging combustion technology was also adopted in combination with this technology. NO was the main nitrogen‐containing compound, and the concentrations of other nitrogen‐containing compounds (N2O, NH3, and HCN) were extremely low. The NO concentrations were reduced to 0 ppm twice when the volatiles released rapidly in the initial stage, and the volatiles burned violently in the intermediate stage, which are the main reasons for the significant reduction in NOx emissions. The original emissions of NOx were 187.2 mg/m3 (@6% O2), and the conversion ratio of fuel‐nitrogen to NOx was 16.6%. High‐temperature flue gas combustion technology has reached low‐NOx combustion for pulverized coal.