bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Key Parameters of Two-Stage Pressure Reducing Valve for 70MPa Hydrogen Supply System
Authors: Li Chunjie , Zhang Zhixin , Chunpeng Wang , Zheng Shuiying 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With the increase of endurance mileage, 70MPa hydrogen supply systems are used more and more widely, in which pressure reducing valves are the key component. The flow field and the key parameters of 70MPa two-stage pressure reducing valve for hydrogen are studied in this paper. The two-stage pressure reducing valve with cone and flat valves is simplified to two-dimensional model, which is used in condition of high pressure difference with medium of hydrogen gas. Based on NIST real gas model and state equation of modefied Bennedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR), flow field simulation model is developed. A stepwise initialization method for convergence of calculation is proposed in the paper. The numerical simulations for the flow in two-stage pressure reducing valve are carried out. A set of structural parameters is obtained, which is reasonable for 500km hydrogen fuel cell electric bus.
ASME Sec VIII Div. 3 and API TR 17TR8 Verification and Validation Methodology for Subsea Connectors
Authors: Stewart Barry , Andueza Alejandro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wellhead connectors form a critical part of subsea tree production systems. Their location in the riser load path means that they are subjected to high levels of bending and tension loading in addition to the internal pressure and cyclic loading. As such, they are essential equipment and various industry standards influence their design and qualification requirements. This is particularly true of High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) equipment where heavier blowout preventers and larger rigs are required to deal with this challenging environment.
Industry standards that cover wellhead connectors include a range of verification techniques based on different base analysis codes each of which uses different factors to determine a design margin. Some of the different methods may therefore lead to different actual design margins on the connector from failure to a safe working load. In order to meet the requirements of the industry and to ensure product integrity a HPHT verification and validation methodology based on API 17TR8 [1] and ASME VIII Div. 3 [2] is presented here for subsea wellhead connector designs. The results from a series of verification and full scale validation tests for a subsea wellhead connector family are presented and discussed. The results prove the design margins of the connectors using this methodology and allow for a full understanding of the limits and true performance of the design.
Stainless Steel Pipe Welding With No Backing Gas
Authors: Rajan Vaidyanath , Narayanan Badri , Barrett Michael , Beardsley Kevin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For pipe fabrication shops, stainless steel pipe welding typically represents 15%–20% of their business. The pipe materials fabricated in these shops are primarily austenitic stainless 304L and 316L pipe. The quality requirements in stainless pipe fabrication shops are determined by performance requirements for service applications in low temperature, high temperature or corrosive environments. To enable the performance required in these applications, codes, standards and recommended practices for welding are frequently written from a conventional GTAW or SMAW welding paradigm. In addition, for the root pass and the first fill pass made with GTAW, an inert backing gas is always recommended to minimize or eliminate the discoloration or oxidation on the ID surface of the pipe near the root pass. The use of GTAW with inert backing gas adds significant time, complexity and cost to the welding of stainless pipe. In stainless pipe shop fabrication, very few welding practices recognize or encourage the use of GMAW welding solutions for these applications, even though it is known to be a more productive and economical welding process. Moreover, the absence of a consistent and proven GMAW welding solution in terms of either no backing gas GMAW, alternative options for expensive shielding gases, implementing unique welding waveforms etc., proves to be a hindrance in the adoption of GMAW solutions for the welding of stainless pipe.
In this paper, we discuss advances that have been made in producing acceptable stainless pipe welds with a 1G GMAW welding solution using an STT® waveform for the root pass and a unique “Rapid X™” waveform for fill passes with no use of backing gas. One goal of this project was to also find a shielding gas mixture to provide acceptable welds from root to cap that takes into account both welding process performance as well as fabrication of defect free welds. Six different shielding gas mixtures with varying amounts of Ar, He, CO2 and N2 were evaluated. Results indicate that STT/RAPID X™ welds made with 97%Ar/2%CO2/1%H2 provide very promising results in terms of weld appearance and other conventional metrics such as radiography, bends and tensile properties. However, assessment of the corrosion performance in comparison to welds made with conventional GTAW requires development of a better test protocol than the ASTM G48 Method A test for it to be relevant and meaningful.
Cryo-Mechanical Design of ALPACA: A Mixed-Material Radio-Frequency Transparent Vacuum Vessel Operating at 20 K
Authors: Parshley Stephen C. , Cortes-Medellin German , Vishwas Amit , Campbell Donald B. , Herter Terry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the most promising technologies to enable and enhance large survey capabilities for radio astronomy is the use of focal plane phased array antenna feeds, or more simply, phased array feeds (PAFs). PAFs allow for full and continuous coverage of the telescope’s field of view (FoV), and combined with cryogenic amplifiers, can result in survey speed improvements several orders of magnitude better than current multiple-feed-horn cameras. In order to locate cryogenic PAF elements and amplifiers at the telescope focal plane, a radio-frequency transparent vacuum vessel is required. Unlike typical radomes, the transmission properties must be exceptionally good when dealing with weak astronomical signals. The dome must also be sufficiently strong to carry the mechanical load on the vacuum vessel due to atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the thermal loading on the internal cryogenic stages from the dome must be manageable for the cooling system. We have solved these problems by using a combination of welded polyethylene sheet to maintain the vacuum integrity and a closed-cell rigid foam to transfer the mechanical load to the opposite side of the vessel (a welded aluminum structure). The PAF elements and amplifiers operate at 20 K, while the foam transfers the mechanical load through an 80 K temperature stage, which also serves as a low-temperature radiation shield for the 20 K sections. The poor thermal conductivity of the foam, combined with G10-CR thermal standoffs on the opposite side, ensures the 80 K stage is sufficiently thermally isolated from room temperature conduction. The radiative loading is reduced via the usual employment of multi-layer insulation. In order to facilitate instrument maintenance and future upgrades, a modular PAF element mechanical strategy is employed. The design is such that a PAF-element-amplifier unit can be replaced without accessing the 20 K stage owing to the use of a “cryo-clamp” that uses materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion to tightly hold the units when cold. Cooling is supplied by three two-stage Gifford-McMahon cryo-coolers. This paper presents these design details for the cryostat of the ALPACA (Advanced L-Band Phased Array Camera for Arecibo), an instrument currently being designed and built for the 305 m radio telescope of the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico.
Creep Damage Assessment of a Low Alloy Pressure Vessel With Dissimilar Metal Welded Joint
Authors: Loomis Robert , Srigiriraju Srikanth , Chakraborty Arindam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Creep damage in low alloy steel plates welded using carbon steel filler can be of concern for petroleum and petrochemical industry due to differential thermal strain and creep behavior. An aggravated scenario can occur when a flaw is present at the weld. The current work considers a catalytic reactor vessel in steady-state operation whose design life is consumed by 80%. It is assumed that after few years of initial operation a low alloy steel patch (similar to the vessel plate) was welded to the vessel using carbon steel filler. A crack like flaw is assumed to be present currently and was sized using non-destructive testing. However, uncertainty remains regarding the time when the crack first appeared, which is often a representative case for a vessel in operation for many years.
The objective of the current study is to, by following API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 code procedures, assess the creep damage at the end of the design life considering the postulated scenario as described above. Two cases are considered. For the first case, the currently observed flaw was assumed to be present as is since the beginning of time when the welded patch was made. No flaw growth is assumed for this case from initial time till present. This represents a conservative upper bound case. For the second case, it is assumed that a smaller initial flaw grew to the current size during normal operation. The initial flaw size was determined iteratively such that after growth it matches the currently determined flaw size. For the ease of calculations, the time from initiation of the flaw to the present was discretized into three time intervals during which it is assumed that the flaw size remains constant for the time interval. This removes some of the conservatism inherent in the first case. For both the cases, additional accumulated creep damage is determined considering crack growth. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed for the reactor vessel patch consisting of a single crack at the weld-patch interface to assess the accumulated creep damage from normal operation till the end of design life. Due to inherent uncertainties in the parameters, sensitivity studies on creep damage due to Adjustment Factors were also performed, based on which Adjustment Factors for Creep Strain Rate (material scatter) and Creep Ductility were chosen appropriately. Steady-state crack growth is considered for creep damage using analytical approach.
The current work shows a practical approach combining FEA and analytical calculations to determine accumulated creep damage where a crack appears to have initiated sometime during the past normal operation.
Retracted: “Motion Model of Spent Fuel Rack Considering Two-Dimensional Gap Flow” [ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference, Volume 4: Fluid-Structure Interaction, Virtual, Online, August 3, 2020, Conference Sponsors: Pressure Vessels and Piping Division, ISBN: 978-0-7918-8384-6, Copyright © 2020 by ASME. Paper No. PVP2020-21848, V004T04A004; 10 pages; doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2020-21848]
Authors: ASME  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper was removed as a dual publication on August 5, 2022.
Copyright © 2022 by ASME
Predictors of postoperative acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease: a case–control study
Authors: Hosoki Keisuke , Mikami Yu , Urushiyama Hirokazu , Souma Kunihiko , Kawamura Gaku , Uchida Kanji , Nagase Takahide , Jo Taisuke 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionPatients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are known to develop an acute exacerbation (AE) after surgery. Previous studies have evaluated the predictors of postoperative AE. However, it remains unclear whether the results of those studies can be generalised to patients with different types of ILD and/or extrapolated to those who undergo non-pulmonary surgery. This study aimed to elucidate the predictors of the development of AE after surgery with general anaesthesia in patients with ILD.MethodsWe conducted a nested matched case–control study of 700 patients from an initial cohort of 50 840 patients. We excluded those who underwent solid organ or bone marrow transplantation. The cases were patients with ILD who developed AE within 30 days postoperatively, whereas the controls did not develop AE. Each case (n=28) was matched with four controls (n=112) for sex, year of surgery and multiple operations within 30 days. Furthermore, a multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors, as indicated by a p value of <0.05.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis identified honeycombing on CT (OR 3.09; 95% CI 1.07 to 8.92), a per cent predicted FVC <80% (OR 4.21; 95% CI 1.46 to 12.2) and an ARISCAT score ≥45 (OR 6.14; 95% CI 2.10 to 18.0) significantly associated with the development of postoperative AE.ConclusionsWe found that the three factors were independent predictors for the development of postoperative AE in patients with ILD. These predictors are advantageous because they can be readily evaluated before surgery by surgeons and anaesthesiologists even without consulting experienced pulmonologists.
Misannotated Multi-Nucleotide Variants in Public Cancer Genomics Datasets Lead to Inaccurate Mutation Calls with Significant Implications
Authors: Srinivasan Sujaya , Kalinava Natallia , Aldana Rafael , Li Zhipan , van Hagen Sjoerd , Rodenburg Sander Y.A. , Wind-Rotolo Megan , Qian Xiaozhong , Sasson Ariella S. , Tang Hao , Kirov Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Although next-generation sequencing is widely used in cancer to profile tumors and detect variants, most somatic variant callers used in these pipelines identify variants at the lowest possible granularity, single-nucleotide variants (SNV). As a result, multiple adjacent SNVs are called individually instead of as a multi-nucleotide variants (MNV). With this approach, the amino acid change from the individual SNV within a codon could be different from the amino acid change based on the MNV that results from combining SNV, leading to incorrect conclusions about the downstream effects of the variants. Here, we analyzed 10,383 variant call files (VCF) from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found 12,141 incorrectly annotated MNVs. Analysis of seven commonly mutated genes from 178 studies in cBioPortal revealed that MNVs were consistently missed in 20 of these studies, whereas they were correctly annotated in 15 more recent studies. At the BRAF V600 locus, the most common example of MNV, several public datasets reported separate BRAF V600E and BRAF V600M variants instead of a single merged V600K variant. VCFs from the TCGA Mutect2 caller were used to develop a solution to merge SNV to MNV. Our custom script used the phasing information from the SNV VCF and determined whether SNVs were at the same codon and needed to be merged into MNV before variant annotation. This study shows that institutions performing NGS sequencing for cancer genomics should incorporate the step of merging MNV as a best practice in their pipelines.

Significance:
Identification of incorrect mutation calls in TCGA, including clinically relevant BRAF V600 and KRAS G12, will influence research and potentially clinical decisions.
Variability in Medicaid Reimbursement in Hand Surgery May Lead to Inequality in Access to Patient Care
Authors: Baker William , Rivlin Michael , Sodha Samir , Nakashian Michael , Katt Brian , Fletcher Daniel , Lutsky Kevin , Beredjiklian Pedro 
Published: October 2020

Background: Medicare (MCR) and Medicaid (MCD) remain the dominant providers of government-funded health insurance in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variability between MCR and MCD reimbursements for common hand and wrist surgical procedures. We hypothesized that MCD reimbursement rates would have substantial variation between states, whereas MCR rates would remain relatively constant. Methods: Using the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Database, the 2019 reimbursements for 7 common hand and wrist procedures were recorded via the respective Current Procedural Terminology codes. The MCD reimbursement rates were then obtained from each state’s physician fee schedule database. Comparisons of reimbursement for these procedures were then calculated between states and between MCD and MCR while adjusting for cost of living using the Medicare Wage Index. Finally, the coefficients of variation were computed to compare the extent of variability between the insurance types. Results: Across all procedures, reimbursement rates for MCD ranged from 30.6% to 240% of the average MCR reimbursement, with the mean reimbursement for MCD valued at 78.3% of MCR. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (CTR) is valued similarly by MCD compared with open CTR with an average of 77.7% and 78.2% reimbursement of MCR, respectively. The coefficients of variation for MCD reimbursements ranged from 0.25 to 0.45, whereas the value was 0.06 for all MCR procedures. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate a wide variation in MCD payments between states. When compared with MCR, the lower average state MCD reimbursement questions the sustainability for hand surgeons to accept these patients in practice.
The speed-locking effect of particles on a graphene layer with travelling surface wave
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Lifeng , Hu Zhili 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fast diffusion induced by thermal fluctuation and vibration has been detected at nanoscales. In this paper, the movement of particle on a graphene layer with travelling surface wave is studied by molecular dynamics simulation and theoretical model. It is proved that the particle will keep moving at the wave speed with certain prerequisite conditions, namely speed-locking effect. By expressing van der Waals (vdW) potential between particle and wavy surface as a function of curvatures, the mechanism is clarified based on the puddle of potential in a relative wave-frame coordinate. Two prerequisite conditions are proposed: the initial position of particle should locate in the potential puddle, and the initial kinetic energy cannot drive particle to jump out of the potential puddle. The parametric analysis indicates that the speed-locking region will be affected by wavelength, amplitude and pair potential between particle and wave. With smaller wavelength, larger amplitude and stronger vdW potential, the speed-locking region is larger. This work reveals a new kind of coherent movement for particles on layered material based on the puddle potential theory, which can be an explanation for fast diffusion phenomena at nano scales.
Acute cholestasis as uncommon onset of Kawasaki disease: a case report
Authors: Gallerani Massimo , Pala Marco , Fabbian Fabio , De Giorgi Alfredo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Kawasaki disease (KD) or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is a vasculitis that mostly occurs in young children. Adult-onset KD (AKD) is rare and often misdiagnosed. Here we report a rare case of KD with cholestasis as principal symptom.

Case presentation
A 43-year-old caucasian man was admitted to our hospital for high fever, lack of appetite related to nausea and vomiting, headache and significant malaise. Physical examination highlighted fever, increasing jaundice, bilateral laterocervical lymph nodes, erythema of the palms, and strikingly red lips and conjunctiva. The clinical course was complicated by arterial hypotension, tachycardia, decreasing haemoglobin, increasing acute phase reactants tests, and multiorgan failure. Due to cardiovascular instability the patient was admitted to the local Intensive Care Unit. Chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, chest and abdominal CT and Colangio Magnetic Resonance were normal. Jaundice was investigated and infections, autoimmune diseases or drugs adverse reactions, were excluded. Also coronary artery computed tomography was carried out excluding coronary artery aneurysms. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were not effective. After exclusion other possible conditions, diagnosis of KD was set. He was treated with high doses of corticosteroids and acetylsalicylic acid and clinical conditions as well as laboratory exams improved.

Conclusions
This report dealing with an adult onset of atypical KD may be of benefit to physicians of various specialties, including primary care doctors, hospital internists, intensivists and gastroenterologists due to its peculiarities. It demonstrates that a case of prolonged fever unresponsive to antibiotics and related to cholestatic jaundice, oedema or erythema of the extremity associated with desquamation of feet and hands, and red eyes, may suggest atypical form of KD.
Malaria vector species composition and entomological indices following indoor residual spraying in regions bordering Lake Victoria, Tanzania
Authors: Kakilla Charles , Manjurano Alphaxard , Nelwin Karen , Martin Jackline , Mashauri Fabian , Kinung’hi Safari M. , Lyimo Eric , Mangalu Doris , Bernard Lucy , Iwuchukwu Nduka , Mwalimu Dismasi , Serbantez Naomi , Greer George , George Kristen , Oxborough Richard M. , Magesa Stephen M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Vector control through long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and focal indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a major component of the Tanzania national malaria control strategy. In mainland Tanzania, IRS has been conducted annually around Lake Victoria basin since 2007. Due to pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors, use of pyrethroids for IRS was phased out and from 2014 to 2017 pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic® 300CS) was sprayed in regions of Kagera, Geita, Mwanza, and Mara. Entomological surveillance was conducted in 10 sprayed and 4 unsprayed sites to determine the impact of IRS on entomological indices related to malaria transmission risk.

Methods
WHO cone bioassays were conducted monthly on interior house walls to determine residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl CS. Indoor CDC light traps with or without bottle rotator were hung next to protected sleepers indoors and also set outdoors (unbaited) as a proxy measure for indoor and outdoor biting rate and time of biting. Prokopack aspirators were used indoors to capture resting malaria vectors. A sub-sample of Anopheles was tested by PCR to determine species identity and ELISA for sporozoite rate.

Results
Annual IRS with Actellic® 300CS from 2015 to 2017 was effective on sprayed walls for a mean of 7 months in cone bioassay. PCR of 2016 and 2017 samples showed vector populations were predominantly Anopheles arabiensis (58.1%, n = 4,403 IRS sites, 58%, n = 2,441 unsprayed sites). There was a greater proportion of Anopheles funestus sensu stricto in unsprayed sites (20.4%, n = 858) than in sprayed sites (7.9%, n = 595) and fewer Anopheles parensis (2%, n = 85 unsprayed, 7.8%, n = 591 sprayed). Biting peaks of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) followed periods of rainfall occurring between October and April, but were generally lower in sprayed sites than unsprayed. In most sprayed sites, An. gambiae s.l. indoor densities increased between January and February, i.e., 10–12 months after IRS. The predominant species An. arabiensis had a sporozoite rate in 2017 of 2.0% (95% CI 1.4–2.9) in unsprayed sites compared to 0.8% (95% CI 0.5–1.3) in sprayed sites (p = 0.003). Sporozoite rates were also lower for An. funestus collected in sprayed sites.

Conclusion
This study contributes to the understanding of malaria vector species composition, behaviour and transmission risk following IRS around Lake Victoria and can be used to guide malaria vector control strategies in Tanzania.