bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
993-P: Comparison of Artificial-Intelligence Decision Support for Multiple Daily Injection Therapy with Automated Insulin Delivery after 3 Months of Use in Silico
Authors: TYLER NICHOLE S. , HILTS WADE , MOSQUERA-LOPEZ CLARA M. , WILSON LEAH M. , DODIER ROBERT , YOUSSEF JOSEPH EL , CASTLE JESSICA R. , JACOBS PETER G. 
Published: June 2020

While automated insulin delivery (AID) systems are now commercially available, over 40 percent of people with type 1 diabetes manage their insulin with multiple daily injection therapy (MDI). AID systems can improve time-in-range in adults, however it is not clear if optimal MDI therapy can achieve the same glycemic targets. We have previously shown that a K-nearest-neighbors decision support system (KNN-DSS) for MDI can deliver safe recommendations and achieves high agreement with endocrinologists. Here, we report glycemic outcomes as we compare KNN-DSS with two artificial pancreas systems: fading-memory-proportional-derivative (FMPD), and model-predictive control (MPC).
We utilized a platform accepted by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the evaluation of artificial pancreas technologies, the UVA-Padova simulator. In silico, 100 adults with varying insulin sensitivities, weight, and insulin dosing behaviors underwent a 3-arm study comparing KNN-DSS, FMPD, and MPC algorithms. Each UVA-Padova subject received a unique study meal pattern that was repeated across study arms. The two primary outcome measures were % time-in-range and % time-in-hypoglycemia. Secondary outcome measures included LGBI and HGBI risk index.
The KNN-DSS was able to achieve 79.6 ± 15.4 %time-in-range after 12 weeks compared with 83.6 ± 8.3% for the MPC and 84.2 ± 9.24% for the FMPD. The KNN-DSS achieved comparable time below 70 mg/dL (0.79%, [0 1.6]) with the MPC-AP (0.62%, [0 1.8]) and FMPD (0%, [0 0.72]). The KNN-DSS also achieved comparable LGBI (2.55) with the MPC-AP (2.68). This simulation assumes perfect adherence to insulin dosing regimens, and while % time-in-range may be higher than expected, the results indicate that decision support in MDI may yield comparable glycemic outcomes with automated insulin delivery systems if people are compliant. Results of this study will be used to guide the design of an upcoming human clinical trial.

Disclosure
N.S. Tyler: None. W. Hilts: None. C.M. Mosquera-Lopez: None. L.M. Wilson: None. R. Dodier: None. J. El Youssef: None. J.R. Castle: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Consultant; Self; ADOCIA, Dexcom, Inc., Zealand Pharma A/S. Other Relationship; Self; Pacific Diabetes Technologies, Roche Diabetes Care. P.G. Jacobs: Consultant; Self; SFC Fluidics. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Pacific Diabetes Technologies. Other Relationship; Self; AgaMatrix.

Funding
The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2018PG-T1D001)
Association of Long-term Change and Variability in Glycemia With Risk of Incident Heart Failure Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of the ACCORD Trial
Authors: Segar Matthew W. , Patel Kershaw V. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Caughey Melissa C. , Butler Javed , Fonarow Gregg C. , Grodin Justin L. , McGuire Darren K. , Pandey Ambarish 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the associations between long-term change and variability in glycemia with risk of heart failure (HF) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among participants with T2DM enrolled in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, variability in HbA1c was assessed from stabilization of HbA1c following enrollment (8 months) to 3 years of follow-up as follows: average successive variability (ASV) (average absolute difference between successive values), coefficient of variation (SD/mean), and SD. Participants with HF at baseline or within 3 years of enrollment were excluded. Adjusted Cox models were used to evaluate the association of percent change (from baseline to 3 years of follow-up) and variability in HbA1c over the first 3 years of enrollment and subsequent risk of HF.

RESULTS
The study included 8,576 patients. Over a median follow-up of 6.4 years from the end of variability measurements at year 3, 388 patients had an incident HF hospitalization. Substantial changes in HbA1c were significantly associated with higher risk of HF (hazard ratio [HR] for ≥10% decrease 1.32 [95% CI 1.08–1.75] and for ≥10% increase 1.55 [1.19–2.04]; reference &lt;10% change in HbA1c). Greater long-term variability in HbA1c was significantly associated with higher risk of HF (HR per 1 SD of ASV 1.34 [95% CI 1.17–1.54]) independent of baseline risk factors and interval changes in cardiometabolic parameters. Consistent patterns of association were observed with use of alternative measures of glycemic variability.

CONCLUSIONS
Substantial long-term changes and variability in HbA1c were independently associated with risk of HF among patients with T2DM.
The Association Between Age of Onset of Type 2 Diabetes and the Long-term Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease: A National Registry Study
Authors: Morton Jedidiah I. , Liew Danny , McDonald Stephen P. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Magliano Dianna J. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE
The long-term risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in type 2 diabetes is poorly described, as is the effect that younger age of diabetes onset has on this risk. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the effect of age of onset on the cumulative incidence of ESKD from onset of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study included 1,113,201 people with type 2 diabetes registered on the Australian National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS) followed from 2002 until 2013. The NDSS was linked to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry and the Australian National Death Index.

RESULTS
Between 2002 and 2013, there were 7,592 incident cases of ESKD during 7,839,075 person-years of follow-up. In the first 10–15 years following the onset of diabetes, the incidence of ESKD was highest in those with an older age of onset of diabetes, whereas over longer durations of diabetes, the incidence of ESKD became higher in those with younger-onset diabetes. After 40 years of diabetes, the cumulative incidence of ESKD was 11.8% and 9.3% in those diagnosed with diabetes at ages 10–29 and 30–39 years, respectively. When death from ESKD without renal replacement therapy was included, the incidence of ESKD remained higher in older-onset diabetes for the initial 20 years, with no clear effect of age thereafter.

CONCLUSIONS
The long-term risk of ESKD in type 2 diabetes is high, which disproportionately affects those with younger onset of diabetes because they are more likely to survive to longer diabetes durations.
APLIKASI LATIHAN RENTANG GERAK DENGAN BERBAGAI PENDEKATAN PADA PASIEN STROKE
Authors: Diah Purnamayanti Ni Kadek , Pari Usemahu Nurma Yuni , M Fatih Haris , Layun Marina Kristi 
Published: June 2020

Stroke secara patofisiologis terjadi sebagai dampak iskemia atau hemoragi pada pembuluh darah otak yang berkontribusi pada angka mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi. Angka morbiditas yang tinggi berimplikasi pada pembiayaan rehabilitasi yang mahal dan angka ketergantungan yang tinggi. Berdasarkan kesenjangan tersebut studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksloprasi berbagai pendekatan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas program rehabilitasi stroke. Studi literatur ini dilakukan melalui telusur online di 3 data base yaitu Google Scholar, Scopus dan Sage Journal. Adapun kriteria inklusi dalam proses penelusuran antara lain publikasi dalam rentang 2013-2018 dan ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggris. Sedangkan literatur akan diekslusi apabila tidak dapat diakses full text, design penelitiannya bukan RCT, konten tidak relevan dengan outcome yang diinginkan, dan tidak memenuhi critical appraisal. Pencarian kata kunci yang digunakan adalahstroke patient AND post stroke care OR rehabilitation AND family based OR family care giver OR self exercise. Hasil studi terdapat 11 penelitian dengan desain RCT. Pendekatan berfokus pada latihan rentang gerak peningkatan kekuatan otot ekstremitas dapat dilakukan dengan memberdayakan pasien dan keluarga. Penggunaan alat bantu latihan dengan media virtual dapat membuat suasana latihan menyenangkan dan meningkatkan motivasi pasien.
EFEKTIVITAS MINYAK BIJI Jatropha curcas MENGENDALIKAN KEPIK PENGHISAP POLONG KEDELAI Nezara viridula (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) DI RUMAH KASA
Authors: Asmanizar Asmanizar , Aldywaridha Aldywaridha , Sumantri Edy , Damanik Ardiansyah Putra 
Published: June 2020

Green Stink Bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an important pest on soybean. The yield losses could be qualitatively and quantitatively. Controlling by using synthetic insecticide caused negative impact. Hence, controlling by using botanical insecticide was as an alternative. The study was conducted at wire house, to know the effect of J. curcas seed oil concentration on N. viridula mortality, pod damaged, empty pod, seed damaged and dry seed weight. The J. curcas seed oil was obtained by Soxhlet Extractor. The concentration of J. curcas seed oil as the treatment, viz. 0% (control); 0.125; 0.25 dan 0.5% (volume oil/volume solution,v/v), and the water as solution applied on soybean plant which was infested of ten N. viridula adult. The result showed all variable observed affected by J. curcas seed oil concentration. The 0.25 and 0.5% concentration showed the mortality reached 95.0 and 100% at 6 days after treatment, while, pod damaged was 7.34 and 1.84%; empty pod was 25.32%, seed damaged was 3.72 and 0.78% and weight of dry seed was 9.94 and 10.44 g. The weight of dry seed at control treatment was 5.52 g. The J. curcas seed oil at 0.5% of concentration has a potency to control N. viridula on soybean plant. There is a need further study to know the effectivity on soybean in the field.
KERUSAKAN PASCAPANEN PADA UBI KAYU HASIL PEMULIAAN SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Heldiyanti Rina , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Khumaida Nurul , Darmawati Emmy 
Published: June 2020

Postharvest deterioration is a major problem which is an obstacle for cassava handling both for conventional cassava variety and mutant variety. There are two types of postharvest deterioration on cassava, namely postharvest primary deterioration (PPD) or primer deterioration of physiological deterioration, and microbiological deterioration. Damage can be minimized by carrying out storage in optimal conditions. This study aimed to determine the level of postharvest deterioration on cassava variety R and U during 35 days of storage. The storage treatment was storage consist of 1) wooden boxes and moist sawdust storage (P1) and 2)control storage (P2). The results indicated that RP2 and UP2 produced physiological deterioration by 25% on the 7th day of storage and reached 100% on the 35th day of storage. Meanwhile, the percentage of microbiological deterioration reached more than 20% on the 14th day of storage. On the other hand, RP1 and RP2 indicated good results. Both varieties experienced only less than 25% physiological deterioration and did not experience microbiological deterioration during storage.
Randomized, controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of antimicrobial-impregnated suture on the incidence of surgical site infections in dogs and cats
Authors: Thieman Mankin Kelley M. , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of triclosan-coated (TC) suture in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) in dogs and cats undergoing surgical procedures.

ANIMALS
862 animals (794 dogs and 68 cats).

PROCEDURES
Incidences of SSI of surgical wounds closed with TC suture and surgical wounds closed with non-TC suture occurring between the time of surgery and 1 month postoperatively were compared. Animals were randomly assigned to TC or non-TC suture groups. When TC suture was assigned, all suture available as TC material was used rather than non-TC suture. Presence of an SSI was determined by an owner questionnaire or direct examination.

RESULTS
Overall, 50 of 862 (5.8%) animals developed SSIs. Incidence of SSI was 6% (24/428) in the non-TC suture group and 6% (26/434) in the TC suture group. No significant difference was found in the incidence of SSI between groups. No significant difference was detected in the incidence of incisional problems (eg, redness, dehiscence, and seroma formation) between animals in which TC suture was used and those in which non-TC suture was used. On multivariable analysis, other factors were associated with increased SSI rates, including an incision length > 10 cm, surgery performed by the soft tissue surgery department, and anesthesia duration of > 240 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
No significant difference in incidence of SSI was detected between animals undergoing surgical procedures performed with non-TC versus TC suture.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG KIMPUL (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) DAN PASTA DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK COOKIES
Authors: Ariyasa I Kadek , Ina Putu Timur , Arihantana Ni Made Indri Hapsari 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of comparison of Xanthosoma flour with Centella leaf paste to the characteristics of cookies produced and the comparison between Xanthosoma flour with Centella leaf paste that is able to produce cookies with the best characteristics. The experimental design used was Block Randomized Design with treatment factor that is the comparison of Xanthosoma flour and Centella leaf paste consisting of 6 levels: 95%:5%; 92%:8%; 89%:11%; 86%:14%; 83%:17%; 80%:20%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and if the treatment had a significant effect on the observed variables then continued with Duncan test. The comparison of Xanthosoma flour with Centella leaf paste affected the content of water, coarse fiber, total chlorophyll, vitamin C, antioxidant activities, texture (hedonic and scoring test), aroma (hedonic test), taste (hedonic test) and overall acceptance (hedonic test) and also had no significant effect on color (hedonic test) of cookies. Comparison of 89% Xanthosoma flour : 11% Centella leaf paste had the best characteristics of cookies with content of water 4.41%, coarse fiber 7.21%, total chlorophyll 2.51 mg/kg, vitamin C 1.54 mg/g, antioxidant activities (based on IC50’s value) 65.61%, the aroma was rather liked, the texture was rather liked and crunchy, the color, taste, and overall acceptance liked.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG BERAS HITAM (Oryza sativa L. indica) DENGAN TERIGU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BAKPAO
Authors: Hidayat Rizky Rahmat , Sugitha I Made , Wiadnyani Anak Agung Istri Sri 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of study was to find the optimum ratio of black rice flour (Oryza sativa L. indica) with wheat to produce bakpao with the best characteristics. The Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used in the research with treatment that is the ratio of black rice flour with wheat which consist of 6 levels: 0%:100%, 5%:95%, 10%:90%, 15%:85%, 20%:80%, 25%:75%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had an effect on the observed variable then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. The ratio of black rice flour to wheat had significant effect to protein content, fat content, IC50, texture, color (hedonic and scoring), texture (hedonic), taste (scoring) and overall acceptance (hedonic). Not Significant effect to moisture content, ash content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, texture (scoring) and taste (hedonic). The ratio of black rice flour and wheat (10%:90%) produces bakpao with the best characteristics namely: 37.44% moisture content, 0.85% ash content, 7.46% protein content, 6.10% fat content, 48.15% carbohydrate content, 2.42% crude fiber content, swelling power 52.41%, IC50 41,48 g/100g, texture 9.87 N/mm, grey color, rather soft texture, tasted rather like black rice, rather liked color and flavor, liked texture, taste and overall acceptability.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG BERAS DENGAN PASTA UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas L. Poir) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK CENDOL
Authors: Wulandari Putri Ayu , Sugitha I Made , Arihantana Ni Made Indri Hapsari 
Published: June 2020

This research was aimed to identify the comparison effect of rice flour and purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Poir) paste on the characteristics of cendol and to identify the right ratio of rice flour and purple sweet potato paste to produce cendol with the best characteristics. Completely randomized design was used in this research with treatment ratio of rice flour and purple sweet potato paste which consisted of 6 levels : 50% : 50%, 40% : 60%, 30% : 70%, 20% : 80%, 10% : 90%, and 0% : 100 %. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 18 experimental units. The data were then analyzed with analysis of variance and if the treatment had an effect on the variable, the Duncan test was performed. The results showed that rice flour and purple sweet potato paste ratio had significant effect on water content, ash content, crude fiber content, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin, color, texture, flavor, taste, and overall acceptance of cendol. Making purple sweet potato cendol without using rice flour resulted the best characteristic under the following criteria: 89,47% water content, 0,14% ash content, 1,44% crude fiber content, 93,42 mg/mL antioxidant activity, 1,37 mg/100g anthocyanin, dark purple and very liked color, texture chewy and liked, flavor typical of purple sweet potato and liked, taste very typical of purple sweet potato and liked, and overall acceptance very liked.

Keyword : cendol, purple sweet potato paste, rice flour
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SARI BUAH SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK YOGURT EDAMAME (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Kartika Dina Puti , Permana I Dewa Gde Mayun , Nocianitri Komang Ayu 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of soursop juice on the characteristics of edamame yogurt and to determine the optimal concentration of soursop juice to produce edamame yogurt with the best characteristics. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the treatment of soursop fruit juice concentration consisting of 5 levels, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, resulted in 15 experimental units. The data were analyzed by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if the treatment significantly affected the variables, the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was performed. The results showed that the concentration of soursop juice significantly affected total LAB, total acid, pH, antioxidant activity, viscosity, sensory hedonic test on texture and sensory scoring test on texture and taste. The edamame yogurt with 15% soursop juice had the best characteristics with the following characteristics: total LAB 1.01 x 1011 CFU/ml, total acid 0.86%, viscosity 310 cP, antioxidant activity 35.47%, pH 3.72 and the sensory properties of neutral scents, neutral appearance, a rather thick texture, a rather like taste, a slightly sour taste and a rather like overall reception.
Keywords: edamame yogurt, soursop juice, antioxidant activity
Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Ekstrak Kulit Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan
Authors: Angga Prasetya I Wayan Gde , Ganda Putra G.P. , Wrasiati Luh Putu 
Published: June 2020

Cocoa bean husk is a waste of cocoa processing that is large enough and has not been used optimally. Cocoa bean husk waste can be used more optimally by extracting polyphenol compound and used as natural antioxidant. This research aims to determine the effect of the type of solvent and maceration time of cocoa bean husk extract as a source of antioxidants and to determine the best type of solvent and maceration time to produce cocoa bean husk extract as a source of antioxidants. This experiment uses a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the type of solvent consisting of methanol 95 percent, ethanol 96 percent and acetone 90 percent. The second factor is the maceration time consisting of 24, 36 and 48 hours. The data is analyzed by variant analysis and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that the type of solvent and maceration time is a very significant effect on yield, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity. The interaction between treatment is a very significant effect on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but did not significantly affect the yield of cocoa bean husk extract. The best treatment to produce cocoa bean husk extract as a source of antioxidants is using ethanol solvent and maceration time for 48 hours with a yield characteristic 11.72±0.45 percent, a total phenolic at 80.76±1.12 mg of GAE/g and Antioxidant capacity 49.55±1.13 mg GAEAC/g.
Keywords : cocoa bean husk, extraction, solvent, antioxidants.
Refugee “In-betweenness”: A Proactive Existence
Authors: Manjikian Lalai 
Published: June 2020

This paper challenges the focus on marginalization that is commonly associated with refugee claimants. By proposing a closer look at the critical period during which refugee claimants residing in Montréal wait for their status to be determined, this paper suggests that “in-betweenness” can be a moment and site that engenders social inclusion.
I argue that during the re-settlement process, certain circumstances can foster pathways of agency and engagement as opposed to reproducing cycles of exclusion, commonly associated with refugee claimants that other authors have documented. Drawing on participant narratives, this paper demonstrates how refugee claimants awaiting determination can become active social and political subjects.
The paper underscores that in-betweenness, in both temporal and spatial dimensions, can foster a proactive stance despite refugee claimants’ lack of status, limited access to resources, and possibly reduced mobility.
Feeling the Pinch: Kenya, Al-Shabaab, and East Africa’s Refugee Crisis
Authors: Burns Avery 
Published: June 2020

Kenya currently hosts over four hundred thousand refugees.In the last two decades it has turned towards a policy of containment in an attempt to confine refugees to its two rural camps, Kakuma and Dadaab. Kenya’s tolerance forthe ongoing refugee problem which peaked in the 1990s due to major conflicts in the region is waning and concurrently issues of national security are growing. The Somali armed faction, Al-Shabaab, has been reportedly infiltrating Kenya’s Somali refugee community. Recently, there have been reports that the government of Kenya has been covertly recruiting Somali refugees to return to Somalia to fight against Al-Shabaab. The use of refugees by Kenya to counter the threat of Al-Shabaab demonstrates a new perception of outside threats and suggests that Kenya is now willing to sacrifice ideals of humanitarianism to secure its border with Somalia. The border remains officially closed but thousands of refugees fleeing the violence in Somalia continue to pour into Kenya.
To understand why Kenya is taking such a hardened stance towards refugee populations, it is important to comprehend Kenya’s strategic importance in East Africa.Secondly, in the complex relationship between internal factors and international pressures, one can discern the friction between adhering to the human rights of refugees whilst remaining a global player in the war on terror. A comparison of Kenya’s past treatment of refugees to its present position suggests that the nation’s most significant priority is national security, and not remaining a haven for humanitarianism.