bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Modeling and Performance Analysis for Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting From Galloping
Authors: Tan Ting , Sun Weipeng , Yan Zhimiao , Zhang Wenming 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Galloping-based energy harvester was developed for scavenging small-scale wind energy. An electromechanical coupled distributed parameter model is proposed based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, quasi-steady approximation and Gauss law for electromagnetic energy harvesting from the galloping. The analytical solutions are derived using the equivalent structure method and confirmed by the numerical solutions of the full coupled model. In addition to the aerodynamic properties, modal shape and structural damping, the onset speed to galloping, tip displacement and harvested power are also functions of the electric damping and modified natural frequency. Such two critical variables depend on the natural frequency, coil inductance, coupling factor, load resistance and coil resistance. The bifurcation and performance analyses are conducted. Two optimal load resistances are found for the maximal power at fixed resistance ratio. When the resistance ratio changes, the optimal load resistance is unique. Larger resistance ratio, larger electromagnetic coupling factor and higher wind speed lead to higher maximal power. For small resistance ratio, there is an optimal magnet position to maximize the power. For large resistance ratio, the power increases monotonously with the magnet position. With small electromagnetic coupling factor, the power is higher with lower tip displacement at smaller coil inductance. The maximal power occurs at the medium coil inductance with large electromagnetic coupling factor.
Investigation on Adaptive Filter for On-Line Detection and Active Control of Chatter Vibration in Milling Process
Authors: Wan Shaoke , Li Xiaohu , Su Wenjun , Hong Jun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
On-line detection and active control of chatter vibration have always been important issues in milling process respectively. To some extent, the signals obtained with sensors determine the performance of on-line detection and active control of chatter. However, due to the characteristics of milling process, the obtained signals are mainly consisted with spindle rotation frequency and its harmonics, and the chatter components are usually submerged by these stable harmonics, imposing negative effects for the detection and active control of milling chatter. Then, it is highly needed to design a real-time filter to filter out the spindle rotation frequency and its harmonics. In this paper, an adaptive filter is designed to filter out the spindle speed related components. Moving average (MR) model and adaptive filter theory is utilized to estimate these periodic components. The influence of filter order and step size factor on the filter characteristics are also analyzed. Considering that the filter order needs to be adjusted under different cutting conditions, which will alter the filter’s performance, an improved adaptive filter is proposed. Experiments are also performed and the experimental results show that, not only the spindle speed related components can be filtered out effectively, but the chatter frequency components are amplified with appropriate initial step factor, which is beneficial for the detection of milling chatter at early stage. Meanwhile, the periodic components caused by the installation error and the other spindle speed related components can be effectively filtered out real-timely, preventing the saturation of actuator caused by these stable components.
Investigating Optimal Communication Frequency in Multi-Disciplinary Engineering Teams Using Multi-Agent Simulation
Authors: Arezoomand Mojtaba , Austin-Breneman Jesse 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Complex engineering design tasks require teams of engineers with different skills and unique knowledge sets to work together to develop a solution. In these contexts, team communication is critical to successful design outcomes. Previous research has identified effective management of communication frequency as an important dimension of team communication leading to improved design outcomes. Organization research literature has demonstrated a curvilinear relationship in which both frequent and infrequent communication may hamper organizational performance. In contrast, recent work in engineering design research has found an inverse relationship between frequency and technical system performance for simple design tasks. This paper extends this work quantifying the impact of communication frequency on technical system performance by examining multi-disciplinary problems. Results from a multi-agent simulation on a six discipline parameter design task for minimizing the weight of a geostationary satellite are presented. Simulation results suggest that the form of relationship between frequency and performance changes significantly depending on the communication pattern. The evidence suggests that for the same design task a planned periodic communication pattern results in a curvilinear relationship, whereas for a stochastic communication pattern a less pronounced monotonic inverse relationship is found.
Water-Egressing Mobility of an Amphibious Vehicle With a Controllable H-Driveline
Authors: Vantsevich Vladimir V. , Gorsich David J. , Paldan Jesse R. , Sandomirsky Sergey 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A new H-driveline system with controllable planetary gear sets for terrain and amphibious combat vehicle applications is presented. This new driveline system is based on two major components/innovations: 1) controllable distribution of power between individual driving wheels in response to specifics of operation profile, and 2) upgrading and reconfiguring the design of the driveline system to reduce the unsprung mass. Introducing Controllable Planetary Gear Sets makes the vehicle’s wheel-hub planetary gear sets controllable. The gear ratio of each CPGS can be individually managed in order to deliver to the wheels specific drive torques/rotational speeds in response to the wheel-terrain conditions of an operation profile. This individual wheel power distribution provides major contribution to mobility and energy saving. The reconfigured layout of the H-driveline reduces the wheel assembly weight (unsprung mass) and, thus, can improve the smoothness of vehicle ride and supports additional fuel saving. This paper analytically proves a potential of the H-drive system to improve mobility of an 8 × 8 amphibious vehicle when the vehicle egresses water.
Two Way Coupled Analysis of Fluid Force in the Annular Plain Seal and Vibration of the Rotor System Using Shooting Method
Authors: Kunori Yudai , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Miyake Kenjiro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In turbomachinery, the rotor dynamic (RD) fluid force generated in a fluid element is one of the causes of shaft vibration. RD fluid force is caused by the interaction between shaft vibration and fluid force, and its precise prediction for various rotor’s orbit is difficult. This study performs a two-way coupled analysis of the fluid flow in the annular plain seal and shaft vibration using the shooting method. The frequency response is obtained and compared with that obtained from a direct numerical simulation of the coupled system, and the validity of the analysis is confirmed. The onset speed of instability is effectively and accurately obtained using the two-way coupled analysis with the shooting method, and the effects of the parameters on it are investigated.
Integrative Design of Product Architecture and Assembly Process Plan
Authors: Toi Masato , Sawai Kana , Kobayashi Masahide , Nomaguchi Yutaka , Fujita Kikuo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes an integrative design method of product architecture and assembly process plan by introducing a matrix-based modeling and analysis scheme. Design structure matrix (DSM) has been used to analyze and design the conceptual structure of product architecture. An assembly sequence diagram, such as a fishbone diagram, has been used as a representation scheme of the assembly process in the design-for-assembly (DFA) framework. The method of this paper is composed of a DSM-based procedure for generating an assembly sequence plan and its integration with a DSM-based design method of product architecture. In this paper, after general meanings of integration in product design are reviewed, the overall method for integration and mathematical procedure for optimizing an assembly sequence plan by compromising with components modularity are described. The procedure for generating an assembly sequence plan is demonstrated with an example of a desktop stapler, and the integrative design is demonstrated with a case study of air-conditioner units. This paper concludes with some discussion on the role of the proposed framework toward the integrity of product design.
A New Robotic Hand for Automotive Sheet Panels
Authors: Gao Dalong , Huang Ninja , Ransom Lance , Janis Richard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As the market goes to more diversified segments, automotive manufacturing needs to be more flexible in order to adapt to the market changes effectively. Meantime in flexible tooling/clamp design it is not acceptable to sacrifice the production requirements — holding force, working envelop, size, etc. in exchange for higher flexibility. In this paper we present a new innovative robotic hand for sheet panel applications for automotive body assembly. The new robotic mechanism of the hand enables the fingers to access sheet panels in different locations and orientations, while providing large and consistent holding force needed during production cycle. The mechanism design and validation tests of first prototype were presented. The results showed that the robotic hand satisfied the basic specifications as an automotive body assembly gripper and could be used in multi-style tools to lower manufacturing cost.
Topology Optimization of Multi-Material Lattices for Maximal Bulk Modulus
Authors: Kazemi Hesaneh , Vaziri Ashkan , Norato Julián 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present a method for multi-material topology optimization of lattice structures for maximum bulk modulus. Unlike ground structure approaches that employ 1-d finite elements such as bars and beams to design periodic lattices, we employ a 3-d representation where each lattice bar is described as a cylinder. To accommodate the 3-d bars, we employ the geometry projection method, whereby a high-level parametric description of the bars is smoothly mapped onto a density field over a fixed analysis grid. In addition to the geometric parameters, we assign a size variable per material to each bar. By imposing suitable constraints in the optimization, we ensure that each bar is either made exclusively of one of a set of a multiple available materials or completely removed from the design. These optimization constraints, together with the material interpolation used in our formulation, make it easy to consider any number of available materials. Another advantage of our method over ground structure approaches with 1-d elements is that the bars in our method need not be connected at all times (i.e., they can ‘float’ within the design region), which makes it easier to find good designs with relatively few design variables. We illustrate the effectiveness of our method with numerical examples of bulk modulus maximization for two-material lattices with orthotropic symmetry, and for two- and three-material lattices with cubic symmetry.
Generation and Mapping of Minimally-Restrictive Manufacturability Constraints for Mechanical Design Problems
Authors: Patterson Albert E. , Allison James T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Traditional design-for-manufacturing (DFM) strategies focus on efficiency and design simplification and tend to be too restrictive for optimization-based design methods; recent advances in manufacturing technologies have opened up many new and exciting design options, but it is necessary to have a wide design space in order to take advantage of these benefits. What is needed is a simple but effective approach for restricting the design space to designs which are guaranteed to be manufacturable, but which leave intact as much of the design space as possible. Work has been done in this area for some specific domains, but a general method for accomplishing this has not yet been refined. This article presents an exploration of this problem and developed a framework for mapping practical manufacturing knowledge into mathematical manufacturability constraints in mechanical design problem formulations. The steps for completing this mapping and the enforcing the constraints are discussed and demonstrated. Three case studies (a milled heat exchanger fin, a 3-D printed topologically-optimized beam, and a pulley requiring a hybrid additive-subtractive process for production) were completed to demonstrate the concepts; these concepts include problem formulation, the generation and enforcement of the manufacturability constraints, and fabrication of the resulting designs with and without constraints.
A Goal-Oriented, Inverse Decision-Based Method for an American Football Helmet
Authors: Fonville Tate R. , Nellippallil Anand Balu , Horstemeyer M. F. , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We design two components of an American football helmet (composite shell and foam liner) to illustrate the efficacy of a goal-oriented, inverse decision-based design method for multi-component product design. The method is goal-oriented because we first identify the end performance system level goals for the helmet, namely, dissipate impact energy, minimize impulse, and minimize helmet weight. We arrange the components in the order that they receive impact energy and then find satisficing solutions for the foam liner to achieve the system-level goals as close as possible, and then we adjust the targets for the composite shell to reduce the helmet weight without a substantial loss in performance. We use the Concept Exploration Framework to systematically gather information about each component, and the compromise Decision Support Problem to generate satisficing solutions under uncertainty. Finally, we verify our design decisions with Finite Element Analysis. Although the results are interesting, our focus is to establish the efficacy of the inverse method for the design of an American football helmet.
Kinematic Analysis of the Exechon Robot Accounting Offsets in the Joint Axes
Authors: López-Custodio P. C. , Dai J. S. , Fu R. , Jin Y. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An Exechon robot with offsets between the axes of the joints that connect the legs to the fixed platform is analyzed for the first time. Ideally these axes intersect constituting two universal and one spherical joint. The insertion of imperfections in these universal and spherical joints leads to more complex forward and inverse kinematics which are solved in this paper. It is proved that the equations used for the kinematics of the ideal Exechon robot are no longer applicable when these offsets are added. The constraint system is also obtained and it is found to be different to the one of the ideal case. Finally, the combination of offsets that lead to the largest deviation in the position of the parallel platform is determined.
Study of a Biomimetic Energy-Efficient Thruster for Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Palmieri Giacomo , Callegari Massimo , Costa Daniele , Palpacelli Matteo-Claudio , Scaradozzi David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the dynamic optimization of a biomimetic thruster for autonomuos underwater vehicles with the goal of increasing the energy efficiency of the vehicle. The main design drivers of the project are: to design a propulsion system consisting in an oscillating caudal fin; to generate the motion of the fin by means of a mechanical transmission system; to replicate the effect of elastic internal structures on the propulsion of biological systems. The propulsion mechanism is optimized by means of analytic kinematic and hydrodynamic models, whose accuracy is verified by means of CFD simulation tools. Finally, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the project, the mechanical design of the propulsion system is illustrated.
Identification of Variable Amplitude Fatigue Loading Based on Bivariate Probability Mass Functions
Authors: Li Hewenxuan , Chelidze David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fatigue life estimation under variable amplitude (VA) loading remains one of the major unresolved engineering problems. When engineering structures experience VA loading, the corresponding load at the crack front will be highly non-stationary. Under such conditions, the load interaction effects greatly affect fatigue crack propagation rate and can cause significant variation in the corresponding fatigue life. Existing characterization methods focus on single overload effect and their extensions to sequence of overloads which does not reflect the irregularity of the realistic loading. In this paper, numerical simulations were used to compare the fatigue life under various synthetic load time histories. The resulting time to failure estimation, concerning statistically and spectrally identical deterministic loads and their stochastic surrogates, exhibits drastic difference which reflects the corresponding differences in the temporal structure of the loads, which are not differentiated by their linear characteristics. This indicates that the temporal dynamics of the load time histories have considerable influence on fatigue crack propagation and fracture. In order to differentiate temporal dynamics of the synthetic loading, new bivariate probability mass functions (BPMFs) are proposed. They can capture and preserve the underlying temporal dynamics of locally non-stationary variable amplitude load-time histories with identical linear statistics. And qualitative explanations of the potential of this proposed method for fatigue life estimation under VA loading are discussed.
Numeric Approach on Optimal Control for the Path Following System in Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Wu Huyao , Ran Bin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the control strategies for Path Following System (PFS) in autonomous vehicle, which lets vehicle stay in the center of its lane is discussed, we will create a plant mechanical, mathematical and error dynamics model for the study of PFS, which is stabilized by the state-feedback control law, also considers the output where the sensor is made. We apply mainly an optimal control or configure a Linear-quadratic Regulator (LQR) for state space systems and compare it to that based on the Pole Assignment (PA). Combined with a typical operating scenario of the road, we mainly consider static and dynamic errors in the moving process, and how intensely the error fluctuates and how errors are related to the next time. Figures and data show that the LQR controller successfully adjusts and gives appropriate input to let the vehicle approach to centerline, errors and the steering angle required to negotiate a curved road are presented and analyzed, finally relevant conclusions are drawn.
Assessing the Impact of Cognitive Assistants on Mental Workload in Simple Tasks
Authors: Maier Torsten , Donghia Vincent , Chen Chaoran , Menold Jessica , McComb Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cognitive assistants, such as Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa, are increasingly becoming routine elements of our daily lives, yet the effects of such devices on the humans using them has been largely unstudied. While much research has proposed new intelligent systems for specific contexts, few studies have characterized the dynamics between cognitive assistants and humans. In an effort to address this gap, this research study investigates the effect of cognitive assistants on mental workload. Participants perform the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task while working with a fake cognitive assistant (Mary) and concurrently completing a secondary speed and accuracy test. Performance with the cognitive assistant was found to be higher but with no significant difference in mental workload. Participants working with the cognitive assistant were found to be less frustrated than those completing the task without it.
Tip Position Control of Single Flexible Links via Parallel Feedforward Compensation
Authors: Noury Keyvan , Yang Bingen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Developed in this work, is a simple and innovative control method, by which a nonminimum-phase (NMP) process can be easily stabilized in a closed-loop setting. The method is named as the parallel feed-forward compensation with derivative effort (PFCD). Through use of a high order process, the control system designed by the PFCD method is shown to be less influenced by noise, disturbance, and model mismatch, compared to other methods. Moreover, the necessary data required for implementing the PFCD method are discussed. The proposed control method is illustrated on tip position control in a slewing beam as a flexible robot arm, in which the effectiveness of the PFCD method is demonstrated. In addition, the proposed control method is compared with the existing methods in terms of stability and performance. The paper is concluded with notes about the advantages.
Tooth Geometry Design and Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis for a Strain Wave Gear With Double-Circular-Arc Profile
Authors: Chen Yi-Cheng , Cheng Yun-Hao , Tseng Jui-Tang , Hsieh Kun-Ju 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mathematical model of a strain wave gear (SWG) composed of a flexspline (FS), an elliptical wave generator (WG), and a circular spline (CS) was developed and the performance was simulated by two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis. A rack cutter exhibiting a double-circular-arc normal section was utilized to generate the FS, and the conjugate CS was also developed based on the theory of gearing and enveloping equation. Computer program developed in Visual C++ was completed for the geometry and 2-D mesh generation. The performances as well as the rotational motion of the SWG with double-circular-arc profile were simulated and investigated by 2-D finite element analysis.
Technology Knowledge Graph for Design Exploration: Application to Designing the Future of Flying Cars
Authors: Sarica Serhad , Song Binyang , Luo Jianxi , Wood Kristin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To pursue innovation, design engineers need to continuously exploit the knowledge in their design domain and explore other relevant knowledge around the domain. While many methods and tools have been developed to retrieve knowledge within a given design domain, e.g., flying cars, knowledge discovery beyond the domain for innovation remains a challenge, and relevant methods are under-developed. Herein, we introduce a methodology to use a technology knowledge graph (TKG), which covers sematic-level knowledge in all technology fields defined in the international patent classification system, to retrieve the existing engineering knowledge in a domain and discover engineering concepts around the domain for future design considerations and innovation. We demonstrate the TKG-based methodology by applying it to explore the future designs of flying cars, an emerging domain with high uncertainty despite growing prospects.