bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy ageing among older Aboriginal people: the Ironbark study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ivers Rebecca , Coombes Julieann , Sherrington Catherine , Mackean Tamara , Tiedemann Anne , Hill Anne-Marie , Keay Lisa , Clemson Lindy , Simpson Judy , Ryder Courtney , Macniven Rona , Clapham Kathleen 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionOlder Aboriginal people have a strong leadership role in their community including passing on knowledge and teachings around culture and connections to Country. Falls significantly affect older people and are a growing concern for older Aboriginal people and their families. Regular participation in balance and strength exercise has been shown to be efficacious in reducing falls. A pilot study developed in partnership with Aboriginal communities, the Ironbark: Standing Strong and Tall programme, demonstrated high community acceptability and feasibility, and gains in balance and strength in Aboriginal participants. This cluster randomised controlled trial will assess the effectiveness of the programme in reducing the rate of falls in older Aboriginal people.MethodsWe will examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Ironbark group-based fall prevention programme compared with a group-based social programme, with Aboriginal people aged 45 years and older in three Australian states. The primary outcome is fall rates over 12 months, measured using weekly self-reported data. Secondary outcomes measured at baseline and after 12 months include quality of life, psychological distress, activities of daily living, physical activity, functional mobility and central obesity. Differences between study groups in the primary and secondary outcomes at 12 months will be estimated.ConclusionThis is the first trial to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a fall prevention programme for Aboriginal peoples aged ≥45 years. The study has strong cultural and community governance, including Aboriginal investigators and staff, and is guided by a steering committee that includes representatives of Aboriginal community-controlled services.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000349145.
Impact of law enforcement-related deaths of unarmed black New Yorkers on emergency department rates, New York 2013–2016
Authors: Liu Sze Yan , Lim Sungwoo , Gould L Hannah 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundLaw enforcement-related deaths of unarmed black Americans may lead black communities to distrust public institutions. Our study quantifies the impact of law enforcement-related deaths of black New York residents on the use of hospital emergency departments (ED) during 2013–2016.MethodsWe used regression discontinuity models stratified by race and time period (2013–2015 and 2015–2016) to estimate the impact of law enforcement-related deaths on ED rates. Dates of deaths and media reports were from the Mapping Police Violence database. We calculated the daily overall and condition-specific ED visit rates from the New York’s Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System.ResultsThere were 14 law enforcement-related deaths of unarmed black New York residents from 2013 to 2016. In 2013–2014, the ED rate among black New Yorkers decreased by 7.7 visits per 100 000 black New Yorkers (5% less than the average ED rate) using the date of media report as the cut-off with a 2-week exposure window. No changes in ED rates were noted for black New Yorkers in 2015–2016 or for white New Yorkers in either time period. Models using the date of death followed a similar pattern.ConclusionThe decrease in ED rates among black New Yorkers immediately following media reports of law enforcement-related deaths involving unarmed black New Yorkers during 2013–2014 may represent potentially harmful delays in healthcare. Reforms implemented during 2015–2016 might have modified the impact of these deaths. Further investigation into the population health impacts of law enforcement-related deaths is needed.
A comprehensive study of analyzing powers in the proton–deuteron break-up channel at 135 MeV
Authors: Bayat M. T. , Tavakoli-Zaniani H. , Amir-Ahmadi H. R. , Deltuva A. , Eslami-Kalantari M. , Golak J. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kistryn St. , Kozela A. , Mardanpour H. , Messchendorp J. G. , Mohammadi-Dadkan M. , Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani A. , Ramazani-Sharifabadi R. , Skibiński R. , Stephan E. , Witała H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA measurement of the analyzing powers for the $$^2\hbox {H}(\vec {p},pp)n$$

2

H

(

p
→

,
p
p
)

n

break-up reaction was carried out at KVI exploiting a polarized-proton beam at an energy of $$135\,\hbox {MeV}$$

135

MeV

. The scattering angles and energies of the final-state protons were measured using the Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis (BINA) with a nearly $$4\pi $$

4
π

geometrical acceptance. In this work, we analyzed a large number of kinematical geometries including forward–forward configurations in which both the final-state particles scatter to small polar angles and backward–forward configurations in which one of the final-state particles scatters to large polar angles. The results are compared with Faddeev calculations based on modern nucleon–nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon (3N) potentials. Discrepancies between polarization data and theoretical predictions are observed for configurations corresponding to small relative azimuthal angles between the two final-state protons. These configurations show a large sensitivity to 3N force effects.
Canonical interpretations of the newly observed $$\Xi _c(2923)^0$$, $$\Xi _c(2939)^0$$, and $$\Xi _c(2965)^0$$ resonances
Authors: Lü Qi-Fang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThree neutral resonances $$\Xi _c(2923)^0$$

Ξ
c

(
2923
)

0

, $$\Xi _c(2939)^0$$

Ξ
c

(
2939
)

0

, and $$\Xi _c(2965)^0$$

Ξ
c

(
2965
)

0

have been observed in the $$\Lambda _c^+ K^-$$

Λ
c
+

K
-

mass spectrum by the LHCb Collaboration. Given the $$\Xi _c$$

Ξ
c

and $$\Xi _c^\prime $$

Ξ
c
′

mass spectra predicted by the constituent quark models, these three resonances are tentatively treated as the $$\lambda $$
λ
-mode $$\Xi _c(2S)$$

Ξ
c

(
2
S
)

, $$\Xi _c^\prime (2S)$$

Ξ
c
′

(
2
S
)

, $$\Xi _c^{\prime *}(2S)$$

Ξ
c

′

∗

(
2
S
)

, and $$\Xi _c^\prime (1P)$$

Ξ
c
′

(
1
P
)

states, and their strong decay behaviors are calculated within the $$^3P_0$$

3

P
0

model. Our results indicate that the $$\Xi _c(2923)^0$$

Ξ
c

(
2923
)

0

and $$\Xi _c(2939)^0$$

Ξ
c

(
2939
)

0

can be clarified into the $$J^P=3/2^-$$

J
P

=
3
/

2
-

and $$5/2^-$$

5
/

2
-

$$\Xi _c^\prime (1P)$$

Ξ
c
′

(
1
P
)

states respectively, and the $$\Xi _c(2965)^0$$

Ξ
c

(
2965
)

0

can be regarded as the $$J^P=1/2^+$$

J
P

=
1
/

2
+

$$\Xi _c^\prime (2S)$$

Ξ
c
′

(
2
S
)

state. Also, we suggest that the previous observed $$\Xi _c(2930)$$

Ξ
c

(
2930
)

may be the overlap of two structures $$\Xi _c(2923)$$

Ξ
c

(
2923
)

and $$\Xi _c(2939)$$

Ξ
c

(
2939
)

, and the $$\Xi _c(2970)$$

Ξ
c

(
2970
)

should be the same state as $$\Xi _c(2965)$$

Ξ
c

(
2965
)

. Other theoretical information on the missing $$\Xi _c(2S)$$

Ξ
c

(
2
S
)

, $$\Xi _c^{\prime *}(2S)$$

Ξ
c

′

∗

(
2
S
)

, and $$\Xi _c^\prime (1P)$$

Ξ
c
′

(
1
P
)

states may be helpful for future experimental searches.
The dark sector cosmology
Authors: Abdalla Elcio , Marins Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

The most important problem in fundamental physics is the description of the contents of the Universe. Today, we know that 95% thereof is totally unknown. Two thirds of that amount is the mysterious Dark Energy described in an interesting and important review [E. J. Copeland, M. Sami and S. Tsujikawa, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 15 (2006) 1753]. We briefly extend here the ideas contained in that review including the more general Dark Sector, that is, Dark Matter and Dark Energy, eventually composing a new physical Sector. Understanding the Dark Sector with precision is paramount for us to be able to understand all the other cosmological parameters comprehensively as modifications of the modeling could lead to potential biases of inferred parameters of the model, such as measurements of the Hubble constant and distance indicators such as the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. We discuss several modern methods of observation that can disentangle the different possible descriptions of the Dark Sector. The possible applications of some theoretical developments are also included in this paper as well as a more thorough evaluation of new observational techniques at lower frequencies and gravitational waves.
k-Submodular maximization with two kinds of constraints
Authors: Shi Ganquan , Gu Shuyang , Wu Weili 
Published: October 2020

[Formula: see text]-submodular maximization is a generalization of submodular maximization, which requires us to select [Formula: see text] disjoint subsets instead of one subset. Attracted by practical values and applications, we consider [Formula: see text]-submodular maximization with two kinds of constraints. For total size and individual size difference constraints, we present a [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm for maximizing a nonnegative k-submodular function, running in time [Formula: see text] at worst. Specially, if [Formula: see text] is multiple of [Formula: see text], the approximation ratio can reduce to [Formula: see text], running in time [Formula: see text] at worst. Besides, this algorithm can be applied to [Formula: see text]-bisubmodular achieving [Formula: see text]-approximation running in time [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, if [Formula: see text] is multiple of 2, the approximation ratio can reduce to [Formula: see text], running in time [Formula: see text] at worst. For individual size constraint, there is a [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm for maximizing a nonnegative [Formula: see text]-submodular function and an nonnegative [Formula: see text]-bisubmodular function, running in time [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively, at worst.
A Pressure-Invariant Neutral Density Variable for the World's Oceans
Authors: Lang Yandong , Stanley Geoffrey J. , McDougall Trevor J. , Barker Paul M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a new method to calculate the neutral density of an arbitrary water parcel. Using this method, the value of neutral density depends only on the parcel’s salinity, temperature, latitude, and longitude and is independent of the pressure (or depth) of the parcel, and is therefore independent of heave in observations or high-resolution models. In this method we move the parcel adiabatically and isentropically like a submesoscale coherent vortex (SCV) to its level of neutral buoyancy on four nearby water columns of a climatological atlas. The parcel’s neutral density γSCV is interpolated from prelabeled neutral density values at these four reference locations in the climatological atlas. This method is similar to the neutral density variable γn of Jackett and McDougall: their discretization of the neutral relationship equated the potential density of two parcels referenced to their average pressure, whereas our discretization equates the parcels’ potential density referenced to the pressure of the climatological parcel. We calculate the numerical differences between γSCV and γn, and we find similar variations of γn and γSCV on the ω surfaces of Klocker, McDougall, and Jackett. We also find that isosurfaces of γn and γSCV deviate from the neutral tangent plane by similar amounts. We compare the material derivative of γSCV with that of γn, finding their total material derivatives are of a similar magnitude.
Accuracy and Long-Term Stability Assessment of Inductive Conductivity Cell Measurements on Argo Floats
Authors: Nezlin Nikolay P. , Dever Mathieu , Halverson Mark , Leconte Jean-Michel , Maze Guillaume , Richards Clark , Shkvorets Igor , Zhang Rui , Johnson Greg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates the long-term stability of salinity measurements from Argo floats equipped with inductive conductivity cells, which have extended float lifetimes as compared to electrode-type cells. New Argo float sensor payloads must meet the demands of the Argo governance committees before they are implemented globally. Currently, the use of CTDs with inductive cells designed and manufactured by RBR, Ltd., has been approved as a Global Argo Pilot. One requirement for new sensors is to demonstrate stable measurements over the lifetime of a float. To demonstrate this, data from four Argo floats in the western Pacific Ocean equipped with the RBRargo CTD sensor package are analyzed using the same Owens–Wong–Cabanes (OWC) method and reference datasets as the Argo delayed-mode quality control (DMQC) operators. When run with default settings against the standard DMQC Argo and CTD databases, the OWC analysis reveals no drift in any of the four RBRargo datasets and, in one case, an offset exceeding the Argo target salinity limits. Being a statistical tool, the OWC method cannot strictly determine whether deviations in salinity measurements with respect to a reference hydrographic product (e.g., climatologies) are caused by oceanographic variability or sensor problems. So, this study furthermore investigates anomalous salinity measurements observed when compared with a reference product and demonstrates that anomalous values tend to occur in regions with a high degree of variability and can be better explained by imperfect reference data rather than sensor drift. This study concludes that the RBR inductive cell is a viable option for salinity measurements as part of the Argo program.
Dependence of Superintensity of Tropical Cyclones on SST in Axisymmetric Numerical Simulations
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Wang Yuqing , Lin Yanluan , Fei Rong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study revisits the superintensity of tropical cyclones (TCs), which is defined as the excess maximum surface wind speed normalized by the corresponding theoretical maximum potential intensity (MPI), based on ensemble axisymmetric numerical simulations, with the focus on the dependence of superintensity on the prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) and the initial environmental atmospheric sounding. Results show a robust decrease of superintensity with increasing SST regardless of being in experiments with an SST-independent initial atmospheric sounding or in those with the SST-dependent initial atmospheric soundings as in nature sorted for the western North Pacific and the North Atlantic. It is found that the increase in either convective activity (and thus diabatic heating) in the TC outer region or theoretical MPI or both with increasing SST could reduce the superintensity. For a given SST-independent initial atmospheric sounding, the strength of convective activity in the TC outer region increases rapidly with increasing SST due to the rapidly increasing air–sea thermodynamic disequilibrium (and thus potential convective instability) with increasing SST. As a result, the decrease of superintensity with increasing SST in the SST-independent sounding experiments is dominated by the increasing convective activity in the TC outer region and is much larger than that in the SST-dependent sounding experiments, and the TC intensity becomes sub-MPI at relatively high SSTs in the former. Due to the marginal increasing tendency of convective activity in the TC outer region, the decrease of superintensity in the latter is dominated by the increase in theoretical MPI with increasing SST.
WSR-88D Tornado Intensity Estimates. Part I: Real-Time Probabilities of Peak Tornado Wind Speeds
Authors: Smith Bryan T. , Thompson Richard L. , Speheger Douglas A. , Dean Andrew R. , Karstens Christopher D. , Anderson-Frey Alexandra K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Storm Prediction Center (SPC) has developed a database of damage-surveyed tornadoes in the contiguous United States (2009–17) that relates environmental and radar-derived storm attributes to damage ratings that change during a tornado life cycle. Damage indicators (DIs), and the associated wind speed estimates from tornado damage surveys compiled in the Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT) dataset, were linked to the nearest manual calculations of 0.5° tilt angle maximum rotational velocity Vrot from single-site WSR-88D data. For each radar scan, the maximum wind speed from the highest-rated DI, Vrot, and the significant tornado parameter (STP) from the SPC hourly objective mesoscale analysis archive were recorded and analyzed. Results from examining Vrot and STP data indicate an increasing conditional probability for higher-rated DIs (i.e., EF-scale wind speed estimate) as both STP and Vrot increase. This work suggests that tornadic wind speed exceedance probabilities can be estimated in real time, on a scan-by-scan basis, via Vrot and STP for ongoing tornadoes.
Signaling through the type 2 cannabinoid receptor regulates the severity of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Yuan Cheng Yin , Zhou Vivian , Sauber Garrett , Stollenwerk Todd , Komorowski Richard , López Alicia , Tolón Rosa María , Romero Julian , Hillard Cecilia J. , Drobyski William R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) pathophysiology is a complex interplay between cells that comprise the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Effective prophylactic strategies are therefore contingent upon approaches that address contributions from both immune cell compartments. In the current study, we examined the role of the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R), which is expressed on nearly all immune cells, and demonstrated that absence of the CB2R on donor CD4+ or CD8+ T cells or administration of a selective CB2R pharmacological antagonist exacerbated acute GVHD lethality. This was accompanied primarily by the expansion of proinflammatory CD8+ T cells, indicating that constitutive CB2R expression on T cells preferentially regulated CD8+ T-cell alloreactivity. Using a novel CB2ReGFP reporter mouse, we observed significant loss of CB2R expression on T cells, but not macrophages, during acute GVHD, indicative of differential alterations in receptor expression under inflammatory conditions. Therapeutic targeting of the CB2R with the agonists Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and JWH-133 revealed that only THC mitigated lethal T cell–mediated acute GVHD. Conversely, only JWH-133 was effective in a sclerodermatous chronic GVHD model where macrophages contributed to disease biology. In vitro, both THC and JWH-133 induced arrestin recruitment and extracellular regulated kinase phosphorylation via CB2R, but THC had no effect on CB2R-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This study shows that the CB2R plays a critical role in the regulation of GVHD and suggests that effective therapeutic targeting is dependent upon agonist signaling characteristics and receptor selectivity in conjunction with the composition of pathogenic immune effector cells.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms: results of an international survey on 398 adult patients
Authors: Laribi Kamel , Baugier de Materre Alix , Sobh Mohamad , Cerroni Lorenzo , Valentini Caterina Giovanna , Aoki Tomohiro , Suzuki Ritsuro , Takeuchi Kengo , Frankel Arthur E. , Cota Carlo , Ghez David , Le Calloch Ronan , Pagano Livio , Petrella Tony 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and prognostic features and to evaluate the outcome of different therapeutic approaches among patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) who have been diagnosed and treated in different institutions. A total of 398 patients from 75 centers were included in the study. Treatment consisted of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)–like regimens in 129 (32.8%) patients and acute leukemia (AL)–like regimens in 113 (23.5%) patients. In 61 (15.5%) and 16 (4.1%) patients, chemotherapy was followed by allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), respectively. Twenty-seven (6.9%) patients received radiotherapy, 6 (1.5%) received new agents, and 62 (15.7%) received palliative care. After a median follow-up of 12 months, median overall survival (OS) was 18 months. Patients who received NHL/AL-like regimens, followed by allogeneic HSCT, had the best outcome; median OS was not reached. OS was 65 months for patients who underwent autologous HSCT; 18 months and 14 months, respectively, for those treated with AL-like and NHL-like regimens without consolidation; and 4 months for those receiving palliative care (P &lt; .001). In BPDCN, chemotherapy with lymphoma- or AL-like regimens, followed by transplantation, represents the therapeutic strategy associated with the best outcome. Consolidation with allogeneic HSCT, when feasible, appears superior to autologous HSCT.
Analysis of transcriptomic differences between NK603 maize and near-isogenic varieties using RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR
Authors: Ben Ali Sina-Elisabeth , Draxler Agnes , Poelzl Diana , Agapito-Tenfen Sarah , Hochegger Rupert , Haslberger Alexander G. , Brandes Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The insertion of a transgene into a plant organism can, in addition to the intended effects, lead to unintended effects in the plants. To uncover such effects, we compared maize grains of two genetically modified varieties containing NK603 (AG8025RR2, AG9045RR2) to their non-transgenic counterparts (AG8025conv, AG9045conv) using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Moreover, in-depth analysis of these data was performed to reveal the biological meaning of detected differences.

Results
Uniquely mapped reads corresponded to 29,146 and 33,420 counts in the AG8025 and AG9045 varieties, respectively. An analysis using the R-Bioconductor package EdgeR revealed 3534 and 694 DEGs (significant differentially expressed genes) between the varieties AG8025RR2 and AG9045RR2, respectively, and their non-transgenic counterparts. Furthermore, a Deseq2 package revealed 2477 and 440 DEGs between AG8025RR2 and AG9045RR2, respectively, and their counterparts. We were able to confirm the RNA-seq results by the analysis of two randomly selected genes using RT-qPCR (reverse transcription quantitative PCR). PCA and heatmap analysis confirmed a robust data set that differentiates the genotypes even by transgenic event. A detailed analysis of the DEGs was performed by the functional annotation of GO (Gene Ontology), annotation/enrichment analysis of KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) ontologies and functional classification of resulting key genes using the DAVID Bioinformatics Package. Several biological processes and metabolic pathways were found to be significantly different in both variety pairs.

Conclusion
Overall, our data clearly demonstrate substantial differences between the analyzed transgenic varieties and their non-transgenic counterparts. These differences indicate that several unintended effects have occurred as a result of NK603 integration. Heatmap data imply that most of the transgenic insert effects are variety-dependent. However, identified key genes involved in affected pathways of both variety pairs show that transgenic independent effects cannot be excluded. Further research of different NK603 varieties is necessary to clarify the role of internal and external influences on gene expression. Nevertheless, our study suggests that RNA-seq analysis can be utilized as a tool to characterize unintended genetic effects in transgenic plants and may also be useful in the safety assessment and authorization of genetically modified (GM) plants.