bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pressure injury predictive model: A framework for hospital‐acquired pressure injuries
Authors: Tschannen Dana , Anderson Christine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite decades of research, pressure injuries continue to be a source of significant pain and delayed recovery for patients and substantial quality and cost issues for hospitals. Consideration of the current thinking around pressure injury risk must be evaluated to improve risk assessments and subsequent nursing interventions aimed at reducing hospital‐acquired pressure injuries.DesignThis is a discursive paper using Walker and Avant’s (2005) theory synthesis framework to examine the relevance of existing pressure injury models as they align with the current literature.MethodsPubMed and CINAHL indexes were searched, first for conceptual models and then for pressure injury research conducted on hospitalised patients for the years 2006–2016. A synthesis of the searches culminated into a new pressure injury risk model.ConclusionsGaps in previous models include lack of attention to the environment, contributing episode‐of‐care factors and the dynamic nature of injury risk for patients. Through theory synthesis, the need for a new model representing the full risk for pressure injury was identified. The Pressure Injury Predictive Model is a representation of the complex and dynamic nature of pressure injury risk that builds on previous models and addresses new patient, contextual and episode‐of‐care process influences. The Pressure Injury Predictive Model (PIPM) provides a more accurate picture of the complexity of contextual and process factors associated with pressure injury development.Relevance to Clinical PracticeUsing the PIPM to determine risk can result in improved risk identification. This information can be used to implement targeted, evidence‐based pressure injury prevention interventions specific to the patient risk profile, thus limiting unwarranted and unnecessary care.
Treatment limitation and advance planning: Hospital‐wide audit of paediatric death
Authors: Audigé Manon , Gillam Lynn , Stark Zornitza 
Published: January 2020

AimTo examine paediatric deaths following withdrawal or withholding of medical treatment (WWMT) from a hospital‐wide perspective and identify changes over a 10 year period.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was conducted for all paediatric inpatient deaths at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne from April 2015 to April 2016, and results were compared to 2007 data from our centre. χ2 tests were used for comparisons.ResultsA total of 101 deaths occurred in the inpatient setting in 2015–2016. Most deaths followed WWMT (88/101, 87%) and occurred in children with pre‐existing chronic conditions (85/101, 85%). There was a shift to earlier discussions with parents regarding WWMT compared to 10 years prior. Cases where discussions began prior to the last admission increased from 4 to 19% (P = 0.004). There was increased paediatric palliative care (PPC) involvement (10 vs. 37%, P < 0.001), and a slightly greater proportion of children died outside of intensive care (16 vs. 22%, P = 0.25). In 2015–2016, subgroup analysis showed that children who died as inpatients but outside of intensive care were 76% more likely to have PPC involved than those who died in intensive care (P < 0.001). Their families were 51% more likely to have discussed WWMT with medical staff before the last admission (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe last decade has seen an increase in PPC involvement and advance discussions around WWMT at our centre. Both of these are associated with death outside of intensive care.
Arabidopsis halleri shows hyperbioindicator behaviour for Pb and leaf Pb accumulation spatially separated from Zn
Authors: Höreth Stephan , Pongrac Paula , van Elteren Johannes T. , Debeljak Marta , Vogel‐Mikuš Katarina , Weber Michael , Braun Manuel , Pietzenuk Björn , Pečovnik Matic , Vavpetič Primož , Pelicon Primož , Arčon Iztok , Krämer Ute , Clemens Stephan 
Published: January 2020

Summary

Lead (Pb) ranks among the most problematic environmental pollutants. Background contamination of soils is nearly ubiquitous, yet plant Pb accumulation is barely understood. In a survey covering 165 European populations of the metallophyte Arabidopsis halleri, several field samples had indicated Pb hyperaccumulation, offering a chance to dissect plant Pb accumulation.

Accumulation of Pb was analysed in A. halleri individuals from contrasting habitats under controlled conditions to rule out aerial deposition as a source of apparent Pb accumulation. Several elemental imaging techniques were employed to study the spatial distribution and ligand environment of Pb.

Regardless of genetic background, A. halleri individuals showed higher shoot Pb accumulation than A. thaliana. However, dose–response curves revealed indicator rather than hyperaccumulator behaviour. Xylem sap data and elemental imaging unequivocally demonstrated the in planta mobility of Pb. Highest Pb concentrations were found in epidermal and vascular tissues. Distribution of Pb was distinct from that of the hyperaccumulated metal zinc. Most Pb was bound by oxygen ligands in bidentate coordination.

A. halleri accumulates Pb whenever soil conditions render Pb phytoavailable. Considerable Pb accumulation under such circumstances, even in leaves of A. thaliana, strongly suggests that Pb can enter food webs and may pose a food safety risk.
Tackling the Performance Regime Paradox: A Problem‐Solving Approach Engages Professional Goal‐Based Learning
Authors: Moynihan Donald P. , Baekgaard Martin , Jakobsen Mads Leth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPublic performance regimes are bedeviled by a paradox: they must engage the specialized knowledge of professionals who often perceive those very regimes as a threat to their autonomy. The authors use a mixed‐method analysis of performance management in Danish hospitals, with separate data for managers and frontline professionals, to offer two insights into this challenge. First, the study shows that managerial behavior—in the form of performance information use—matters to the way frontline professionals engage in goal‐based learning. Second, it shows that the way managers use performance data matters. When managers use data in ways that reinforce the perception of performance management as an externally imposed tool of control, professionals withdraw effort. However, when managers use data in ways that solve organizational problems, professionals engage in goal‐based learning. The threat to professional values that performance regimes pose can therefore be mitigated by managers using data in ways that complements those values.
Comparison of chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, linear immunoassay and multiple microbead immunoassay detecting autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wei Qiujing , Jiang Yutong , Xiao Min , Zhang Xi , Qi Jun , Xie Jiewen , Wu Jialing , Wu Zhongming , Gu Jieruo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of study was to detect antinuclear antibodies (ANA) using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA), linear immunoassay (LIA), chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), multiple microbead immunoassay (MBI) and to compare these four methods in the performance of diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum ANA were detected in 147 SLE cases and 42 healthy controls (HCs). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and agreement, the area under the curve of four methods in diagnosing were calculated. Finally, a diagnostic model through logistic regression was constructed. The sensitivity of CMIA and IIFA in diagnosing SLE was 89.08% and 89.12%, higher than other two methods (P < .01), while highest specificity lied in CMIA (95.24%) and LIA (95.24%). The accuracy was highest in CMIA (91.01%), and lowest in LIA (83.07%). CMIA and the other three methods had good agreement, especially with LIA (κ = .798, 95% CI, 0.708‐0.88). ANA‐IIFA (OR = 1.016, P < .001) and anti‐SSA antibodies (OR = 1.017, P = .043) were finally included in the SLE diagnostic model, with AUC value of 0.964 (95% CI, 0.936‐0.991). SLE patients exhibited 14 various ANA patterns, especially AC‐1, AC‐4, and AC‐5. Antibodies against SSA and dsDNA were mostly seen with AC‐1 and AC‐4 patterns, while antibodies against RNP, Sm, SSA, dsDNA, nucleosome and PO were most frequently observed with AC‐5 pattern in SLE. CMIA method is a reliable screening test for detections of antibodies related to SLE. Using ANA‐IIFA and anti‐SSA antibodies by CMIA can discriminate SLE patients from HCs effectively.
Adaptive estimating function inference for nonstationary determinantal point processes
Authors: Lavancier Frédéric , Poinas Arnaud , Waagepetersen Rasmus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEstimating function inference is indispensable for many common point process models where the joint intensities are tractable while the likelihood function is not. In this article, we establish asymptotic normality of estimating function estimators in a very general setting of nonstationary point processes. We then adapt this result to the case of nonstationary determinantal point processes, which are an important class of models for repulsive point patterns. In practice, often first‐ and second‐order estimating functions are used. For the latter, it is a common practice to omit contributions for pairs of points separated by a distance larger than some truncation distance, which is usually specified in an ad hoc manner. We suggest instead a data‐driven approach where the truncation distance is adapted automatically to the point process being fitted and where the approach integrates seamlessly with our asymptotic framework. The good performance of the adaptive approach is illustrated via simulation studies for non‐stationary determinantal point processes and by an application to a real dataset.
Place cookies and setting spiders in dream cartography
Authors: Iosifescu Enescu Cristina M. , Bär Hans‐Rudolf , Beilstein Matthias , Hurni Lorenz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article contributes to understanding the difference between objective space and subjective place. New data models and visual methods, which make possible the comparison between dream settings, are necessary to an exploratory analysis of dreams. The subjective perception of settings is decomposed by studying dream reports, by applying a survey, and by considering related scientific literature. This leads to the construction of two data models, which are applied in dream cartography. The place cookie model features the dreamer's familiarity with the setting, being visualized in the form of concentric circles. The setting spider model is based on 26 variables, extensively characterizing the setting. These are grouped into eight factors, and visualized in a compact radar chart with eight “legs.” As a superordinate system of the setting spider, the event spider is developed, describing the whole dream scene. The proposed models and visualization methods can be transferred for real‐life events (settings).
Integrative taxonomy uncovers hidden species diversity in the rheophilic genus Potamometra (Hemiptera: Gerridae)
Authors: Zheng Chenguang , Ye Zhen , Zhu Xiuxiu , Zhang Haiguang , Dong Xue , Chen Pingping , Bu Wenjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe genus Potamometra Bianchi, 1896 represents big rheophilic semi‐aquatic bugs that typically inhabit middle‐altitude mountainous streams. Here, we integrated molecular and morphological data for delimiting species boundaries and understanding the evolutionary history of the genus Potamometra. Twenty‐seven complete mitochondrial genomes of Potamometra were sequenced, with samples representing most of the known geographically distributed locations around the Sichuan Basin. The results of different species delimitation methods (ABGD, bPTP, GMYC and BPP) based on the monolocus or multilocus data strongly supported the existence of two cryptic new species (Potamometra anderseni Zheng, Ye & Bu, sp. nov. and Potamometra zhengi Zheng, Ye & Bu, sp. nov.) although more entities were found in the tree‐based delimitation methods. The two new species were successfully validated using morphological characters within a detailed taxonomic framework. Phylogenetic analyses supported the reciprocal monophyly of the seven highly node‐supported clades, which were matched with the five known species and two new taxa. A novel gene arrangement pattern that two trnF (trnF1 and trnF2) genes separated by an intergenic spacer (IGS) were found in all the species except the sister group of Potamometra berezowskii Bianchi, 1896 and Potamometra linnavuorii Chen, Nieser & Bu, 2016. This gene rearrangement event could be explained by the tandem duplication and random loss (TDRL) model. Our study emphasized that the combination of molecular sequence data, morphological characters and mitochondrial structural information could improve the accuracy of species delimitation.
Investigation of Multistage Combustion Inside a Heavy-Duty Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Engine Using Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations and the Wiebe-Function Combustion Model
Authors: Liu Jinlong , Dumitrescu Cosmin E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The conversion of existing heavy-duty diesel engines to lean natural-gas (NG) spark ignition can be achieved by replacing the diesel injector with a spark plug and fumigating the NG into the intake manifold. While the original fast-burn diesel chamber will offset the lower NG flame speed, it will result in a two-stage combustion process (a stage inside and another outside the bowl). However, experimental data at more advanced spark timing, equivalence ratio of 0.8, and mean piston speed of 6.5 m/s suggested an additional combustion stage (i.e., three combustion stages). A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and a zero-dimensional triple Wiebe-function model were used to better understand the phenomena. While 78% fuel burned inside the bowl, burning rate reduced significantly when the flame approached the squish entrance and the bowl bottom. Moreover, the triple Wiebe-function indicated that the burn inside the squish was also divided into two separate combustion stages, due to the particularities of in-cylinder flow before and after top dead center. The first stage was fast and took place inside the compression stroke. The second took place in the expansion stroke and produced a short-lived increase in the burning rate, probably due to the increasing squish height during the expansion stroke and the increased combustion-induced turbulence, hence the third heat-release peak. Overall, these findings support the need for further investigations of combustion characteristics in such converted engines, to benefit their efficiency and emissions.
Size Scaling of Plastic Deformation in Simple Shear: Fractional Strain-Gradient Plasticity and Boundary Effects in Conventional Strain-Gradient Plasticity
Authors: Dahlberg Carl F. O. , Ortiz Michael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A recently developed model based on fractional derivatives of plastic strain is compared with conventional strain-gradient plasticity (SGP) models. Specifically, the experimental data and observed model discrepancies in the study by Mu et al. (2016, “Dependence of Confined Plastic Flow of Polycrystalline Cu Thin Films on Microstructure,” MRS Com. Res. Let. 20, pp. 1–6) are considered by solving the constrained simple shear problem. Solutions are presented both for a conventional SGP model and a model extension introducing an energetic interface. The interface allows us to relax the Dirichlet boundary condition usually assumed to prevail when solving this problem with the SGP model. We show that the particular form of a relaxed boundary condition does not change the underlying size scaling of the yield stress and consequently does not resolve the scaling issue. Furthermore, we show that the fractional strain-gradient plasticity model predicts a yield stress with a scaling exponent that is equal to the fractional order of differentiation.
Detection of Immunoglobulin G and A Antibodies to Rubella Virus in Urine and Antibody Responses to Vaccine-Induced Infection
Authors: Takahashi Shigeo , Machikawa Fusaichi , Noda Atsunari , Oda Tetsuya , Tachikawa Tetsuya 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Urine and serum samples from 89 healthy volunteers and three healthy individuals who underwent rubella vaccination were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM to rubella virus (RV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Subjects with positive (
n
= 68) or negative (
n
= 21) results for serum IgG were exactly the same as those with the corresponding results for urinary IgG. Both urinary and serum IgG levels remained elevated from the 3rd or 4th week after vaccination until the end of the study. Both urinary IgA and serum IgM levels tended to increase rapidly between the 3rd and 5th week and then gradually decrease until the end of the study, but the levels of both remained positive except for one sample each at the end (26th week). On the other hand, the ratio of anti-RV IgA titer to anti-RV IgG titer in urine (urinary anti-RV IgA/IgG ratio) increased rapidly between the 3rd and 4th week after vaccination and then rapidly returned to the ratio levels of the subjects positive for serum IgG from among the healthy volunteers. In summary, detection of urinary anti-RV IgG should be useful for screening for previous RV infection, and measurement of urinary anti-RV IgA/IgG ratio might be useful for diagnosing recent infection.
AIDS Vaccination Studies Using an Ex Vivo Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Model: Homologous Erythrocytes as a Delivery System for Preferential Immunization with Putative Protective Antigens
Authors: Chiarantini Laura , Matteucci Donatella , Pistello Mauro , Mancini Umberto , Mazzetti Paola , Massi Claudia , Giannecchini Simone , Lonetti Isabella , Magnani Mauro , Bendinelli Mauro 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTFeline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a useful model for testing of criteria for AIDS vaccine development. In the protocol we adopted, we used a primary isolate of FIV as a source of antigen and, for challenge, plasma from cats infected with the homologous virus never passaged in vitro. Cat erythrocytes (RBC) were coated with the surface components of freshly harvested and purified FIV by means of biotin-avidin-biotin bridges and used to immunize specific-pathogen-free cats (four doses at monthly intervals; total amount of FIV antigen administered per cat, approximately 14 μg). Immunized cats developed moderate levels of antibodies directed mainly to surface components of the virion and clearly evident lymphoproliferative responses. Four months after the last dose of immunogen, FIV-immunized cats and control cats immunized with bovine serum albumin-coated RBC were challenged. Judged from the results of the subsequent 12-month follow-up, FIV-immunized cats exhibited at least some degree of protection. However, following rechallenge, most of the FIV-immunized animals became virus positive in spite of a booster immunogen dose given 2 months before the second challenge.
Evaluation of Recombinant Dense Granule Antigen 7 (GRA7) ofToxoplasma gondiifor Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies and Analysis of a Major Antigenic Domain
Authors: Jacobs Dirk , Vercammen Martine , Saman Eric 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTDense granule protein 7 (GRA7) ofToxoplasma gondiiwas expressed inEscherichia colias a fusion protein. The leader peptide contained a 25-amino-acid mouse tumor necrosis factor fragment and six histidyl residues. After purification by metal chelate affinity chromatography, the antigen was evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG). For two sets of IgG-positive human serum samples, obtained from routine screening, an overall sensitivity of 81% was obtained. For chronic-phase sera, the sensitivity of detection was 79%, but chronic-phase sera with low titers were more difficult to detect (65% sensitivity for sera with immunofluorescence titer of 1/64). When GRA7 was combined with Tg34AR (rhoptry protein 2 C-terminal fragment), the sensitivity rose to 96%. For a set of acute-phase serum samples tested on GRA7, the sensitivity of detection was 94%, and high-titer IgM-positive sera were detected at an especially high rate. In contrast, when Tg34AR was used, the sensitivity was only 85% for this latter set of serum samples. Three truncated GRA7 fragments containing the same leader peptide as that of recombinant GRA7 were produced. The shortest fragment (97 N-terminal amino acids) was not reactive with human sera or with a specific anti-GRA7 monoclonal antibody, while the two larger fragments were reactive. The most important antigenic domain of GRA7 for human sera was localized between residues 97 and 146. The epitope for the specific monoclonal antibody could be further narrowed down by the use of synthetic peptides, but this epitope is not recognized by sera fromT. gondii-infected humans. These results indicate that GRA7 may be considered as an additional tool for studying the immune response toT. gondii.
Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Quantitation of Antibody-Cytokine Fusion Proteins
Authors: Gan J. , Kendra K. , Ricci M. , Hank J. A. , Gillies S. D. , Sondel P. M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Preliminary testing has shown in vitro and in vivo that antitumor activity can be obtained with fusion proteins linking tumor-reactive monoclonal antibodies to cytokines, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin 2 (IL-2). Preclinical and clinical testing of these reagents requires their in vitro and in vivo quantitation and pharmacokinetic evaluation. We have focused on the detection of a fusion protein which links one human IL-2 molecule to the carboxy terminus of each heavy chain of the tumor-reactive human-mouse chimeric anti-GD2 antibody, ch14.18. We have developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to evaluate intact tumor-reactive fusion proteins. By these ELISAs we can reliably measure nanogram quantities of intact ch14.18-IL-2 fusion protein and distinguish the intact protein from its components (ch14.18 and IL-2) in buffer, mouse serum, and human serum with specificity and reproducibility. The measurement of intact ch14.18-IL-2 fusion protein is not confounded by free IL-2 or free ch14.18 when 100 ng or less of total immunoglobulin per ml is used during the assay procedure. Our results indicate that these ELISAs are suitable for preclinical and clinical testing and with slight modifications are applicable to the analysis of a variety of other fusion proteins.