bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA of Theileria orientalis, T. equi and T. capreoli in stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Authors: Hornok Sándor , Takács Nóra , Szekeres Sándor , Szőke Krisztina , Kontschán Jenő , Horváth Gábor , Sugár László 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFrom a veterinary-medical point of view, the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, is perhaps the economically most important blood-sucking muscoid fly species (Diptera: Muscidae), owing to its worldwide occurrence, frequently high local abundance, direct harm caused to livestock, pet animals and humans, as well as its vector role. Considering the latter in the context of protozoan parasites, the stable fly is a mechanical vector of trypanosomes andBesnoitia besnoiti. However, its role as a vector of piroplasms appears to be seldom studied, despite old data suggesting mechanical transmission of babesiae by dipteran flies.MethodsIn this study 395 stable flies (and oneHaematobia stimulans) were collected at a cattle farm with known history of bovine theileriosis, and at further nine, randomly chosen locations in Hungary. These flies were separated according to sex (30 of them also cut into two parts: the head with mouthparts and the thorax-abdomen), followed by individual DNA extraction, then screening for piroplasms by PCR and sequencing.ResultsIn stable flies,Theileria orientalis andT. capreoliwere identified at the cattle farm andT. equiwas identified in three other locations. At the cattle farm, significantly more male stable flies carried piroplasm DNA than females. There was no significant difference between the ratio of PCR-positive flies between the stable (void of cattle for at least two hours) and the pen on the pasture with cattle at the time of sampling. Among dissected flies (29S. calcitransand 1H. stimulans), exclusively the thoracic-abdominal parts were PCR-positive, whereas the head and mouthparts remained negative.ConclusionsTheileriaDNA is detectable in stable flies, in the case ofT. orientalisat least for two hours after blood-feeding, and in the case ofT. capreolialso in the absence of infected hosts (i.e. roe deer). Male flies rather than females, and thoracic-abdominal (most likely crop) contents rather than mouthparts may pose a risk of mechanical transmission. These data suggest that it is worth to study further the vector role of stable flies in the epidemiology of theilerioses, in which not the immediate, but rather the delayed type transmission seems possible.
Six new species of Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from the gills of cichlids (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the Lomami River Basin (DRC: Middle Congo)
Authors: Geraerts Mare , Muterezi Bukinga Fidel , Vanhove Maarten P. M. , Pariselle Antoine , Chocha Manda Auguste , Vreven Emmanuel , Huyse Tine , Artois Tom 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMonogenea van Beneden, 1858 is a group of parasitic flatworms, commonly found infecting bony fish. Several genera, such asCichlidogyrusPaperna, 1960, are reported to include potential pathogenic species that can negatively impact aquaculture fish stocks. They can switch from introduced to native fish and vice versa. In Africa (and all over the world), fish species belonging to Cichlidae are often kept in aquaculture and represent a major source of food. Thus, research on the biodiversity and occurrence of monogenean species on these fish is of importance for aquaculture and conservation. The present study is a survey of the diversity of species ofCichlidogyrusin the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) on three cichlid species:Orthochromissp. ‘Lomami’,Serranochromiscf.macrocephalus, andTilapia sparrmaniiSmith, 1840.MethodsSpecimens ofCichlidogyruswere isolated from the gills and mounted on glass slides with Hoyer’s medium. The genital and haptoral hard parts were measured and drawn using interference contrast.ResultsIn total, six species ofCichlidogyruswere found, all new to science:C. bulbophallusn. sp. andC. pseudozambezensisn. sp. onS.cf.macrocephalus,C. flagellumn. sp. andC. lobusn. sp. onT. sparrmanii,C. ranulan. sp. onS.cf.macrocephalusandOrthochromissp. ‘Lomami’, andC. maeandern. sp. found onOrthochromissp. ‘Lomami’ andT. sparrmanii. The first four species are considered to be strict specialists,C. ranulan. sp. an intermediate generalist andC. maeandern. sp. a generalist. These parasite species show morphological similarities to species found in the Lower Guinea and Zambezi ichthyofaunal provinces, which might be explained by past river capture events between river systems of the Congo Province and both these regions.ConclusionsSerranochromiscf.macrocephalusandOrthochromissp. ‘Lomami’ can harbour respectively three and two species ofCichlidogyrus, all described in this study.Tilapia sparrmaniican harbour seven species, of which three are described in the present study. These results highlight the species diversity of this parasite genus in the Congo Basin.
Enteric etiological surveillance in acute diarrhea stool of United States Military Personnel on deployment in Thailand, 2013–2017
Authors: Lurchachaiwong Woradee , Serichantalergs Oralak , Lertsethtakarn Paphavee , Ruamsap Nattaya , Srijan Apichai , Oransathid Wirote , Khemnu Nuanpan , Vesely Brian A. , Demons Samandra T. , Waters Norman C. , Crawford John M. , Swierczewski Brett E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Diarrhea remains a major public health problem for both civilian and military populations. This study describes the prevalence of acute diarrheal illness etiological agents, their antibiotic resistance distribution patterns, the resulting impact upon military force health protection, and potential prevention and treatment strategies.

Results
Forty-eight acute diarrhea stool samples from US military personnel deployed to Thailand from 2013–2017 were screened for enteric pathogens using ELISA, the TaqMan Array Card (TAC), and conventional microbiological methods. These isolates were also evaluated using antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) against ampicillin (AMP), azithromycin (AZM), ceftriaxone (CRO), ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NA), erythromycin (ERY), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) using commercial methodology. Susceptibility results were interpreted following the CLSI and NARM guidelines. Questionnaire data obtained from 47/48 volunteers indicated that 89.4% (42/47) reported eating local food and the most common clinical symptoms were nausea and abdominal pain (51%; 24/47). Multiple bacterial species were identified from the 48 stool samples with diarrhea etiological agents being detected in 79% (38/48) of the samples distributed as follows: 43.8% (21/48) Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter species, 42% (20/48) diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, and 23% (11/48) Salmonella. Co-infections were detected in 46% (22/48) of the samples. All C. jejuni isolates were resistant to CIP and NA. One C. jejuni isolate exhibited resistance to both AZM and ERY. Lastly, an association between exposure to poultry and subsequent detection of the diarrhea-associated pathogens E. coli and P. shigelloides was significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The detection of Campylobacter isolates with CIP, AZM and ERY resistance has critical force health protection and public health implications, as these data should guide effective Campylobacteriosis treatment options for deployed military members and travelers to Southeast Asia. Additional research efforts are recommended to determine the association of pathogen co-infections and/or other contributing factors towards diarrheal disease in military and traveler populations. Ongoing surveillance and AST profiling of potential disease-causing bacteria is required for effective disease prevention efforts and treatment strategies.
A hybrid interface preconditioner for monolithic fluid–structure interaction solvers
Authors: Mayr Matthias , Noll Maximilian H. , Gee Michael W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe propose a hybrid interface preconditioner for the monolithic solution of surface-coupled problems. Powerful preconditioning techniques are crucial when it comes to solving large monolithic systems of linear equations efficiently, especially when arising from coupled multi-physics problems like in fluid–structure interaction. Existing physics-based block preconditioners have proven to be efficient, but their error assessment reveals an accumulation of the error at the coupling surface. We address this issue by combining them with an additional additive Schwarz preconditioner, whose subdomains span across the interface on purpose. By performing cheap but accurate subdomain solves that do not depend on the separation of physical fields, this error accumulation can be reduced effectively. Numerical experiments compare the performance of the hybrid preconditioner to existing approaches, demonstrate the increased efficiency, and study its parallel performance.
Geographic variation in composition of metazoan parasite infracommunities in Galaxias maculatus Jenyns 1842 (Osmeriformes: Galaxiidae) in southern Chile (38-47° S)
Authors: George-Nascimento Mario , López-Rodríguez Ruby , Górski Konrad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGalaxias maculatusis an abundant freshwater fish species in Chilean continental waters where it plays important ecological functions, yet few parasitological records of this species exist in Chile and all of them cover a very limited geographic range. The objective of this study was to assess large scale geographic variation in composition of parasite infracommunities ofGalaxias maculatus.Specifically, parasite infracommunities of this species were compared among 11 locations across 9 degrees of latitude and 3 ecosystem types (lake, river and estuary). Most taxa found had been previously reported in Chile and Argentina. However, this is the first report forTylodelphyssp. in this host in Chile. Furthermore, the cranial parasiteTylodelphyssp. had the highest overall prevalence and abundance compared to other parasite species. Despite the fact that the abundance ofTylodelphyssp. was not significantly correlated with Fulton’s condition factor of fish, infected fish seem to have a better body condition compared to uninfected ones. The most important source of variation in composition of infracommunities was the sampling location. Furthermore, fish from lakes have a different composition of parasite infracommunities mainly due to higher abundances ofTylodelphyssp.
Investigating the professional agency of secondary school English teachers in South Korea
Authors: Namgung Wook , Moate Josephine , Ruohotie-Lyhty Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis qualitative study examines the professional agency of secondary English teachers in Midwestern South Korea. Specifically, it investigates how secondary English teachers in South Korea understand their professional agency and what mediates their professional agency. The ecological approach in this study recognises that agency encompasses both individual and environmental dimensions and is formed through the constant interplay between the individual and the environment. The dataset for this study comprises 15 semi-structured interviews with secondary English teachers in South Korea. The thematic analysis highlights a significant gap between Korean English teachers’ espoused agency and realisable agency, as well as three levels of legitimation that teachers have to negotiate. These levels are individual, collegial and sociocultural. The findings from this study suggest that the participating teachers censored their own pedagogical behaviours due to their own sense of inadequacy and in response to structural requirements as well as the external evaluation of parents and high-stakes test scores. This study concludes with implications for English teachers in South Korea, theorisation on teacher agency and future research.
Omega-3 fatty acids as feed supplement modulates blood formation and body weight in Rattus norvegicus model
Authors: Nnamonu Emmanuel I. , Mgbenka Bernard O. , Ezewudo Bede I. , Mbegbu Edmund C. , Ezechukwu Chiemekam S. , Ugwu Godwin C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundOmega-3 fatty acids’ inclusion as feed supplement in the diets of both human and animals has been found to play a significant role in body metabolism. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the effects of graded doses of omega-3 fatty acids on haematology and body weight of adult male and femaleRattus norvegicus(Wistar albino rats) as a model animal.MethodsA total of seventy-two adult male and female albino rats were randomly assigned into two experimental units. Each unit was grouped into three and received different treatment diets. Blood erythrocytes and weight were sampled on days 0, 14 and 28 to evaluate haematological parameters and body weight.ResultsResults showed concentration- and time-dependent significant increases (p< 0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and non-significant change (p> 0.05) in the red blood cells (RBCs) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in male rats after day 0. In female rats, significant increases (p< 0.05) were recorded in the PCV, Hb, MCV and MCH, whereas no significant increase was observed in the RBCs. Activities of WBCs and MCHC showed mixed trend in female rats. The results of the body weight recorded non-significant increases (p> 0.05) in both experimental units.ConclusionOur findings depict that the use of omega-3 fatty acids in the diets of both male and female rats produced a dose-dependent effect on blood formation while its role in controlling weight gain was observed. Hence, its intake in both animal and human diets should be rightly prescribed.
Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) infesting cabbage under field conditions
Authors: Askary Tarique Hassan , Ahmad Mohammad Jamal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExperiments were conducted to test the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematode,Heterorhabditis pakistanensisalone and in combination with the chemical insecticides, viz., Dichlorvos and Quinalphos and Neem product, viz., Azadirachtin against the cabbage butterfly,Pieris brassicae(L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) infesting cabbage plants under laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory test, inoculum level of 200 infective juveniles (IJs) was most effective causing mortality to both 3rd and 4th instars larvae at 48 h. Nematode multiplication rate in insect cadaver was inversely proportional to the size of initial inoculum level of IJs, whereas IJs yield was directly proportional to the size of larva. The 4th instar larva resulted in a highest yield of IJs, followed by 3rd, 2nd, and 1st instars larvae at all the inoculum levels used in the study. IJs were found compatible with the chemical insecticides and Neem product at lower than half of the optimum single dose. The cumulative mean survival percentage of IJs recorded the highest (77.5%) in the combination of 100 IJs + Azadirachtin (0.25%) and lowest (70.6%) in 100 IJs + Dichlorvos 76 EC (0.05%). Under field conditions,H. pakistanensis(3.0 lakh IJs/m2) + Dichlorvos 76 EC (0.025%) resulted to the highest larval mortality (79.65%), followed byH. pakistanensis(3.0 lakh IJs/m2) + Azadirachtin (0.25%), where it was 76.22%. The larval mortality was the least (61.16%) in case ofH. pakistanensis(3.0 lakh IJs/m2) when applied alone.H. pakistanensis+ Dichlorvos resulted to the highest increase (31.42%) in cabbage yield over untreated control.
Patient-Reported Cognitive Impairment Among Women With Early Breast Cancer Randomly Assigned to Endocrine Therapy Alone Versus Chemoendocrine Therapy: Results From TAILORx
Authors: Wagner Lynne I. , Gray Robert J. , Sparano Joseph A. , Whelan Timothy J. , Garcia Sofia F. , Yanez Betina , Tevaarwerk Amye J. , Carlos Ruth C. , Albain Kathy S. , Olson John A. , Goetz Matthew P. , Pritchard Kathleen I. , Hayes Daniel F. , Geyer Charles E. , Dees E. Claire , McCaskill-Stevens Worta J. , Minasian Lori M. , Sledge George W. , Cella David 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is common during adjuvant chemotherapy and may persist. TAILORx provided a novel opportunity to prospectively assess patient-reported cognitive impairment among women with early breast cancer who were randomly assigned to chemoendocrine therapy (CT+E) versus endocrine therapy alone (E), allowing us to quantify the unique contribution of chemotherapy to CRCI. METHODS Women with a 21-gene recurrence score of 11 to 25 enrolled in TAILORX were randomly assigned to CT+E or E. Cognitive impairment was assessed among a subgroup of 552 evaluable women using the 37-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) questionnaire, administered at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. The FACT-Cog included the 20-item Perceived Cognitive Impairment (PCI) scale, our primary end point. Clinically meaningful changes were defined a priori and linear regression was used to model PCI scores on baseline PCI, treatment, and other factors. RESULTS FACT-Cog PCI scores were significantly lower, indicating more impairment, at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months compared with baseline for both groups. The magnitude of PCI change scores was greater for CT+E than E at 3 months, the prespecified primary trial end point, and at 6 months, but not at 12, 24, and 36 months. Tests of an interaction between menopausal status and treatment were nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Adjuvant CT+E is associated with significantly greater CRCI compared with E at 3 and 6 months. These differences abated over time, with no significant differences observed at 12 months and beyond. These findings indicate that chemotherapy produces early, but not sustained, cognitive impairment relative to E, providing reassurance to patients and clinicians in whom adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated to reduce recurrence risk.
Randomized Double-Blind Phase II Study of Maintenance Pembrolizumab Versus Placebo After First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. , Mortazavi Amir , Milowsky Matthew I. , George Saby , Gupta Sumati , Fleming Mark T. , Dang Long H. , Geynisman Daniel M. , Walling Radhika , Alter Robert S. , Kassar Mohamad , Wang Jue , Gupta Shilpa , Davis Nancy , Picus Joel , Philips George , Quinn David I. , Haines G. Kenneth , Hahn Noah M. , Zhao Qianqian , Yu Menggang , Pal Sumanta K. 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE Platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer is typically administered for a fixed duration followed by observation until progression. “Switch maintenance” therapy with PD-1 blockade at the time of chemotherapy cessation may be attractive for mechanistic and pragmatic reasons. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic urothelial cancer achieving at least stable disease on first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned double-blind 1:1 to switch maintenance pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks versus placebo for up to 24 months. Patients with disease progression on placebo could cross over to pembrolizumab. The primary objective was to determine the progression-free survival. Secondary objectives included determining overall survival as well as treatment outcomes according to PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS). RESULTS Between December 2015 and November 2018, 108 patients were randomly assigned to pembrolizumab (n = 55) or placebo (n = 53). The objective response rate was 23% with pembrolizumab and 10% with placebo. Treatment-emergent grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in 59% receiving pembrolizumab and 38% of patients receiving placebo. Progression-free survival was significantly longer with maintenance pembrolizumab versus placebo (5.4 months [95% CI, 3.1 to 7.3 months] v 3.0 months [95% CI; 2.7 to 5.5 months]; hazard ratio, 0.65; log-rank P = .04; maximum efficiency robust test P = .039). Median overall survival was 22 months (95% CI, 12.9 months to not reached) with pembrolizumab and 18.7 months (95% CI, 11.4 months to not reached) with placebo. There was no significant interaction between PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 and treatment arm for progression-free survival or overall survival. CONCLUSION Switch maintenance pembrolizumab leads to additional objective responses in patients achieving at least stable disease with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and prolongs progression-free survival in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer.
Emerging Roles for Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Authors: Yin Liang , Zeng Chong , Yao Jie , Shen Jie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders. However, the pathogenesis of AITD has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that abnormal expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of AITD. microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 3 major groups of ncRNAs that are attracting increasing attention. Herein, we summarized our present knowledge on the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in AITD. This review focused on the importance of ncRNAs in development of the most prevalent AITD, such as Hashimoto disease and Graves’ diseases. Altogether, the main purpose of this review is to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of AITD and the possibility of developing novel potential therapeutic targets.
Family Business Group Expansion Through IPOs: The Role of Internal Capital Markets in Financing Growth While Preserving Control
Authors: Masulis Ronald W. , Pham Peter K. , Zein Jason 
Published: April 2020

Using data from 44 countries, we document a new channel through which a family business group’s internal capital market supports its members. We find that groups use internal capital to incubate difficult-to-finance projects, making it feasible for them to rapidly scale up, thus facilitating their initial public offering (IPO) market access. This IPO support role is particularly valuable when groups find capital-raising through seasoned equity offerings less attractive because of control-retention concerns and in capital markets with high new-firm financing barriers. Unlike carve-outs employed as a corporate restructuring strategy, group-affiliated IPOs primarily appear to serve a group’s expansion goals rather than its liquidation needs. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Ilse Fusková. O corpo como arquivo
Authors: Bidaseca Karina 
Published: April 2020

Este projeto se inscreve em uma linha de investigação transdisciplinar sobre processos de arquivo de artistas feministas e novas tecnologias, iniciado no Programas pós- colonialidade fronteiriço e transfronteiriço nos estudos feministas com sede em IDAES/UNSAM. Uma teoria de arquivo entendida como política de leitura é uma política de intervenção cultural e de democratização do conhecimento, como uma prática de memória viva. Abordaremos a investigação sobre a obra da fotógrafa, repórter e artivista argentina Ilse Fusková – primeira feminista e depois assumidamente lésbica-, nascida no ano 1929 em Buenos Aires, a partir da teoria feminista e queer . Sua presença na cena cultural portenha nos anos de 1950, vedada para as mulheres, lhe permitiu, como para as leitoras das revistas nas quais escrevia, abrir a possibilidade de perfurar a ordem da dominação patriarcal. Seu corpo é o arquivo vivo de nossa história feminista e dissidente. Tradução de: Christiane Costa