bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of operational and research weather forecasts for southern West Africa using observations from the DACCIWA field campaign in June–July 2016
Authors: Kniffka Anke , Knippertz Peter , Fink Andreas H. , Benedetti Angela , Brooks Malcolm E. , Hill Peter G. , Maranan Marlon , Pante Gregor , Vogel Bernhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReliable and accurate weather forecasts, particularly those of rainfall and its extremes, have the potential to improve living conditions in densely populated southern West Africa (SWA). The limited availability of observations has long impeded a rigorous evaluation of current state‐of‐the‐art forecast models. The field campaign of the Dynamics‐Aerosol‐Chemistry‐Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project in June–July 2016 has created an unprecedentedly dense set of measurements from surface stations and radiosondes. Here we present results from a comprehensive evaluation of both numerical model forecasts and satellite products using these data on a regional and local level. Results reveal a substantial observational uncertainty showing considerable underestimations in satellite estimates of rainfall and low‐cloud cover with little correlation at the local scale. Models have a dry bias of 0.1–1.9  in rainfall and too low column relative humidity. They tend to underestimate low clouds, leading to excess surface solar radiation of 43 . Remarkably, most models show some skill in representing regional modulations of rainfall related to synoptic‐scale disturbances, while local variations in rainfall and cloudiness are hardly captured. Slightly better results are found with respect to temperature and for the post‐onset rather than for the pre‐onset period. Delicate local features such as the Maritime Inflow phenomenon are also rather poorly represented, leading to too cool, dry and cloudy conditions at the coast. Differences between forecast days 1 and 2 are relatively small and hardly systematic, suggesting a relatively quick error saturation. Using explicit convection leads to more realistic spatial variability in rainfall, but otherwise no marked improvement. Future work should aim at improving the subtle balance between the diurnal cycles of low clouds, surface radiation, the boundary layer and convection. Further efforts are also needed to improve the observational system beyond field campaign periods.
GPS‐level accurate camera localization with HorizonNet
Authors: Grelsson Bertil , Robinson Andreas , Felsberg Michael , Khan Fahad Shahbaz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of position estimation of unmanned surface vessels (USVs) operating in coastal areas or in the archipelago. We propose a position estimation method where the horizon line is extracted in a 360° panoramic image around the USV. We design a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to determine an approximate horizon line in the image and implicitly determine the camera orientation (the pitch and roll angles). The panoramic image is warped to compensate for the camera orientation and to generate an image from an approximately level camera. A second CNN architecture is designed to extract the pixelwise horizon line in the warped image. The extracted horizon line is correlated with digital elevation model data in the Fourier domain using a minimum output sum of squared error correlation filter. Finally, we determine the location of the maximum correlation score over the search area to estimate the position of the USV. Comprehensive experiments are performed in field trials conducted over 3 days in the archipelago. Our approach provides excellent results by achieving robust position estimates with global positioning system (GPS)‐level accuracy in previously unvisited test areas.
Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis in Bifunctional Hyaluronan Microgels: A Strategy for In Situ Immobilization and Purification of His‐Tagged Proteins
Authors: Heida Thomas , Köhler Tony , Kaufmann Anika , Männel Max J. , Thiele Julian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn current cell‐free biotechnology, mimicking physicochemical aspects of cellular life while providing efficient protein synthesis, separation, and purification is a crucial step towards truly applicable artificial, yet cell‐like, biosynthesis platforms. To achieve simultaneous synthesis and immobilization of proteins in a tailor‐made environment, we link DNA encoding for histidine‐tagged proteins to microfluidically prepared microgels via strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition and introduce nitrilotriacetic acid moieties that exhibit affinity towards histidine‐tagged proteins upon nickel activation. After swelling the microgels in a prokaryotic protein synthesis machinery, proteins are produced and remain at the site of synthesis despite the membrane‐free, open nature of the gels. The protein‐loaded microgels are then separated from the complex bioreaction mixture and proteins are released by a chemical trigger. Our bifunctional microgels not only contribute to the ongoing design of artificial cells but also allow for directly linking proteins to specific DNA, which can be explored for genotype‐phenotype correlation in DNA mutagenesis.
An intercomparison of subtropical cut-off lows in the Southern Hemisphere using recent reanalyses: ERA-Interim, NCEP-CFRS, MERRA-2, JRA-55, and JRA-25
Authors: Pinheiro Henri Rossi , Hodges Kevin Ivan , Gan Manoel Alonso 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFour recent reanalysis products ERA-Interim, NCEP-CFSR, MERRA-2 and JRA-55 are evaluated and compared to an older reanalysis JRA-25, to quantify their confidence in representing Cut-off lows (COLs) in the Southern Hemisphere. The climatology of COLs based on the minima of 300-hPa vorticity ($$\xi_{300}$$ξ300) and 300-hPa geopotential ($$Z_{300}$$Z300) provides different perspectives of COLs and contributes to the understanding of the discrepancies observed in the literature regarding their numbers and seasonality. The COLs compare better among the newest reanalyses than compared to the older reanalysis JRA-25. The difference in number between the latest reanalyses are generally small for both $$\xi_{300}$$ξ300 and, with more COLs identified in $$\xi_{300}$$ξ300 than in $$Z_{300}$$Z300 for all reanalyses. The spatial differences observed between the newest reanalyses are mainly due to differences in the track lengths, which is larger in ERA-Interim and JRA-55 than in NCEP-CFSR and MERRA-2, resulting in disparities in the track density. This is likely due to the difference in the assimilation data system used in each reanalysis product. The largest differences in intensities occur in the $$\xi_{300}$$ξ300, because this field is very sensitive to the reanalysis resolution. The mean separation distance of the COLs that match between the latest reanalyses are generally small, while the older JRA-25 has a broader distribution and larger number of matches with relatively large distances, indicating larger uncertainties in location of COLs. The results show significant improvements for the most recent reanalyses compared to the older JRA-25 reanalysis, indicating a progress in representing the COL properties.
Splenic NKG2D confers resilience versus susceptibility in mice after chronic social defeat stress: beneficial effects of (R)-ketamine
Authors: Zhang Kai , Sakamoto Akemi , Chang Lijia , Qu Youge , Wang Siming , Pu Yaoyu , Tan Yunfei , Wang Xingming , Fujita Yuko , Ishima Tamaki , Hatano Masahiko , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe spleen is a large immune organ that plays a key role in the immune system. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between the spleen and stress-related psychiatric disorders are unknown. Here we investigated the role of spleen in stress-related psychiatric disorders. FACS analysis was applied to determine the contribution of the spleen to susceptibility and resilience in mice that were subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We found a notable increase in splenic volume and weight in CSDS-susceptible mice compared to control (no CSDS) mice and CSDS-resilient mice. The number of granulocytes, but not of T cells and B cells, in the spleen of susceptible mice was higher than in the spleen of both control and resilient mice. Interestingly, NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D) expression in the spleen of CSDS-susceptible mice was higher than that in control mice and CSDS-resilient mice. In addition, NKG2D expression in the spleen of patients with depression was higher than that in controls. Both increased splenic weight and increased splenic NKG2D expression in CSDS-susceptible mice were ameliorated after a subsequent administration of (R)-ketamine. The present findings indicate a novel role of splenic NKG2D in stress susceptibility versus resilience in mice subjected to CSDS. Furthermore, abnormalities in splenic functions in CSDS-susceptible mice were ameliorated after subsequent injection of (R)-ketamine. Thus, the brain–spleen axis might, at least in part, contribute to the pathogenesis of stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression.
Swimming upstream: community economies for a different coastal rural development in Sweden
Authors: Arias Schreiber Milena , Wingren Ida , Linke Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe EU Blue Growth agenda is being implemented at a time when European coastal fisheries and traditional fishing communities are struggling to survive or have already vanished from areas where they used to flourish. Driven by the strong conviction that current disadvantaged and vulnerable coastal fishers still have a central role to play in rural development, local level initiatives are calling for a different future for this fishery sector. The participants in these initiatives insist that coastal fisheries should not be driven to extinction, despite their low economic profitability and thus minimal contribution to economic growth compared to large-scale enterprises. Through participatory observation and informal interviews, we investigate one of these local level initiatives on the Swedish Baltic Sea coast and analyse how it aligns with a community economies’ project based on a different economic perspective. We describe first the primary activities carried out by the initiative and follow by an examination on what drove it, how it has been maintained, and how it might spread. We conclude on the potentials of the community economies framework and project to advance a Blue degrowth agenda based on difference and not necessarily less.
Rescuing Informed Consent: How the new “Key Information” and “Reasonable Person” Provisions in the Revised U.S. Common Rule open the door to long Overdue Informed Consent Disclosure Improvements and why we need to walk Through that door
Authors: Yarborough Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is substantial published evidence showing that countless people enroll each year in ethically deficient clinical trials. Many of the trials are problematic because the quality of the science used to justify their launch may not be sufficiently vetted while many other trials may lack requisite social value. This poses the question: why do people volunteer for them? The answer resides in large part in the fact that informed consent practices have historically masked, rather than disclosed, the information that would alert research candidates to the ethically problematic nature of the trials. The “reasonable person” and “key information” provisions in the revised US Common Rule create the opportunity to correct this historical shortcoming. Two sources are employed to shed light on what the “key information” is that should be disclosed to a “reasonable person”: the original disclosure aims of the Nuremberg Code, as well as an extensive body of meta-research evidence. Those sources jointly support a range of new disclosures in the informed consent process that would unmask the heretofore undisclosed information. The resulting proposed new disclosures pertain to the overall success prospects of clinical trials, the quality of the prior research that both forms the basis of clinical trials and informs assessment of their risks and benefits, the potential social value of clinical trials, and the commercial purposes of clinical trials.
A practical guide to placental examination for forensic pathologists
Authors: Mittal Namita , Byard Roger W. , Dahlstrom Jane E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe placenta is a complex interface organ that may hold clues to the reasons for fetal, neonatal or maternal demise. For this reason, placental examination should be a mandatory part of all perinatal or maternal autopsies. While published protocols for the examination of the placenta exist, they are often not adopted. The following review provides practical guidelines for placental examination, with discussion of specific medical conditions that can negatively impact upon the fetus, neonate or mother involving placental pathology to cause death. The review aims to discuss concepts, with illustrations, that forensic pathologists may not routinely focus on in death investigations that may either contribute or mask the cause of a fetal or neonatal death, or are associated with a recurrence risk. While it is recognized that many forensic facilities do not have formal guidelines for placental examination, involvement of local perinatal pathology services in cases is one way of obtaining additional specialist expertise.
Strengthen user authentication on mobile devices by using user’s touch dynamics pattern
Authors: Teh Pin Shen , Zhang Ning , Tan Syh-Yuan , Shi Qi , Khoh Wee How , Nawaz Raheel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMobile devices, particularly the touch screen mobile devices, are increasingly used to store and access private and sensitive data or services, and this has led to an increased demand for more secure and usable security services, one of which is user authentication. Currently, mobile device authentication services mainly use a knowledge-based method, e.g. a PIN-based authentication method, and, in some cases, a fingerprint-based authentication method is also supported. The knowledge-based method is vulnerable to impersonation attacks, while the fingerprint-based method can be unreliable sometimes. To overcome these limitations and to make the authentication service more secure and reliable for touch screen mobile device users, we have investigated the use of touch dynamics biometrics as a mobile device authentication solution by designing, implementing and evaluating a touch dynamics authentication method. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of this method, the acquisition of raw touch dynamics data, the use of the raw data to obtain touch dynamics features, and the training of the features to build an authentication model for user identity verification. The evaluation results show that by integrating the touch dynamics authentication method into the PIN-based authentication method, the protection levels against impersonation attacks is greatly enhanced. For example, if a PIN is compromised, the success rate of an impersonation attempt is drastically reduced from 100% (if only a 4-digit PIN is used) to 9.9% (if both the PIN and the touch dynamics are used).
The block-constrained configuration model
Authors: Casiraghi Giona 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe provide a novel family of generative block-models for random graphs that naturally incorporates degree distributions: the block-constrained configuration model. Block-constrained configuration models build on the generalized hypergeometric ensemble of random graphs and extend the well-known configuration model by enforcing block-constraints on the edge-generating process. The resulting models are practical to fit even to large networks. These models provide a new, flexible tool for the study of community structure and for network science in general, where modeling networks with heterogeneous degree distributions is of central importance.
MULTIVARIATE LONG-MEMORY COHORT MORTALITY MODELS
Authors: Yan Hongxuan , Peters Gareth W. , Chan Jennifer S.K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe existence of long memory in mortality data improves the understandings of features of mortality data and provides a new approach for establishing mortality models. The findings of long-memory phenomena in mortality data motivate us to develop new mortality models by extending the Lee–Carter (LC) model to death counts and incorporating long-memory model structure. Furthermore, there are no identification issues arising in the proposed model class. Hence, the constraints which cause many computational issues in LC models are removed. The models are applied to analyse mortality death count data sets from three different countries divided according to genders. Bayesian inference with various selection criteria is applied to perform the model parameter estimation and mortality rate forecasting. Results show that multivariate long-memory mortality model with long-memory cohort effect model outperforms multivariate extended LC cohort model in both in-sample fitting and out-sample forecast. Increasing the accuracy of forecasting of mortality rates and improving the projection of life expectancy is an important consideration for insurance companies and governments since misleading predictions may result in insufficient funds for retirement and pension plans.
Case of mistaken identity: resolving the taxonomy between Trioza eugeniae Froggatt and T. adventicia Tuthill (Psylloidea: Triozidae)
Authors: Taylor Gary S. , Martoni Francesco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ‘Eugenia psyllid’ or ‘Lilly pilly psyllid’, widely recognized in Australia and in the USA as Trioza eugeniae Froggatt (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is not T. eugeniae, but rather T. adventicia Tuthill. In this study we assessed morphological comparisons of materials from throughout the native and introduced ranges and re-examined original descriptions of both taxa, together with Froggatt's type specimens of T. eugeniae. Furthermore, through DNA barcoding analyses, we confirmed the validity of both T. adventicia and T. eugeniae as separate species. We re-described both species to include additional characters not previously included and designated a lectotype for T. eugeniae. T. eugeniae has smaller fore wings that are slightly more elongate. These lack infuscation around veins R and R1, vein Rs is relatively longer, meeting the costa closer to the wing apex; with certain veins bearing long, fine divergent setae, a character not previously described. It has consistently three inner and one outer metatibial spurs. The male parameres appear narrowly pyriform with a weak dorsolateral lobe and weakly sclerotized apices. T. adventicia has larger fore wings that are slightly more ovate with dark infuscation around veins R and R1; vein Rs is relatively shorter, meeting the costa further from the wing apex, with veins lacking long, fine divergent setae. The usual configuration of two inner and one outer metatibial spurs, previously used to separate the two species, appears inconsistent. The male parameres appear a little more broadly pyriform with slightly more sclerotized apices. T. eugeniae refers to a distinct species which has a restricted distribution only in its native range in southern subcoastal New South Wales, Australia. T. adventicia refers to a separate species, with a natural distribution in eastern subcoastal Australia, but has been introduced widely in southern Australia, to New Zealand and the USA. This study elucidates a long history of misidentification of T. eugeniae in the nursery industry and in almost 30 years of literature on its biological control in the USA. Regardless, the biological control program, unknowingly, targeted the correct species of psyllid, T. adventicia, in its foreign exploration and importation of the appropriate parasitoid as a biocontrol agent in the USA. Despite being firmly entrenched in both the nursery trade and scientific literature, the name T. eugeniae is misapplied. While the acceptance of the valid name, T. adventicia, might be regarded as both problematic and protracted, this is the correct taxonomical attribution.
Mangrove species maintains constant nutrient resorption efficiency under eutrophic conditions
Authors: Wei Lili , Kao Shuh-Ji , Liu Chaoxiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMangrove species have developed nutrient conservation mechanisms to adapt to oligotrophic intertidal environments. However, nutrient enrichment occurs worldwide, particularly in estuarine and coastal regions. Mangrove species may change their adaptive strategies if nutrient availability increases substantially. To understand how nutrient resorption (a major nutrient conservation strategy) responds to nutrient enrichment, a common mangrove species in China, Aegiceras corniculatum (black mangrove), was selected, and saplings were cultivated in nutrient-enriched soils. After one year, neither N nor P resorption efficiency showed significant variations with nutrient availability and there was no difference between N and P resorption efficiency. Overall, nutrient resorption efficiency of A. corniculatum remained at ∼40%, lower than the global average levels of evergreen plants (∼50%), indicating incomplete resorption of nutrients. Incomplete resorption was also evidenced by the nutrient concentrations, resorption proficiency and N: P ratio of plant leaves. Collectively, these results indicate that black mangrove can maintain constant nutrient resorption efficiency under eutrophic conditions.
How to prove decidability of equational theories with second-order computation analyser SOL
Authors: HAMANA MAKOTO 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a general methodology of proving the decidability of equational theory of programming language concepts in the framework of second-order algebraic theories. We propose a Haskell-based analysis tool, i.e. Second-Order Laboratory, which assists the proofs of confluence and strong normalisation of computation rules derived from second-order algebraic theories. To cover various examples in programming language theory, we combine and extend both syntactical and semantical results of the second-order computation in a non-trivial manner. We demonstrate how to prove decidability of various algebraic theories in the literature. It includes the equational theories of monad and λ-calculi, Plotkin and Power’s theory of states and bits, and Stark’s theory of π-calculus. We also demonstrate how this methodology can solve the coherence of monoidal categories.
THE UNIT MAP OF THE ALGEBRAIC SPECIAL LINEAR COBORDISM SPECTRUM
Authors: Yakerson Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the joint work with Elmanto, Hoyois, Khan and Sosnilo, we computed infinite$\mathbb{P}^{1}$-loop spaces of motivic Thom spectra using the technique of framed correspondences. This result allows us to express non-negative$\mathbb{G}_{m}$-homotopy groups of motivic Thom spectra in terms of geometric generators and relations. Using this explicit description, we show that the unit map of the algebraic special linear cobordism spectrum induces an isomorphism on$\mathbb{G}_{m}$-homotopy sheaves.