bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular surface inflammation induces de novo expression of substance P in the trigeminal primary afferents with large cell bodies
Authors: Byun Yong-Soo , Mok Jee-Won , Chung So-Hyang , Kim Hyun-Seung , Joo Choun-Ki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the changes in substance P (SP)-expressing trigeminal neurons (TNs) innervating the cornea following ocular surface inflammation. Ocular surface inflammation was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats using 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAK). The corneal staining score, corneal epithelial apoptosis, conjunctival goblet cells, and density of corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) were assessed, and the mRNA levels of SP, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α were measured in corneas and ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia (TG). SP-immunoreactivity (IR) was measured in corneal intraepithelial nerves and TNs. The cell size of corneal TNs in the TG was calculated. All parameters were observed immediately (BAK group), at 1 week (1 w group), and 2 months (2 m group) after 2 weeks of BAK application. BAK caused an increase in the corneal staining score and the number of apoptotic cells, loss of conjunctival goblet cells, reduced density of corneal SNP, and upregulated expression of SP and inflammatory cytokines in both the cornea and TG in the BAK group but those changes were not observed in the 2 m group. On the other hand, SP-IR% and mean cell size of corneal TNs increased significantly in the BAK, 1 w, and 2 m groups, compared to the control. Our data suggest that following ocular surface inflammation, large-sized corneal TNs which normally do not express SP, expressed it and this phenotype switching lasted even after the inflammation disappeared. Long-lasting phenotypic switch, as well as changes in the expression level of certain molecules should be addressed in future studies on the mechanism of corneal neuropathic pain.
LsHSP70 is induced by high temperature to interact with calmodulin, leading to higher bolting resistance in lettuce
Authors: Liu Ran , Su Zhenqi , Zhou Huiyan , Huang Qian , Fan Shuangxi , Liu Chaojie , Han Yingyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh temperatures have significant impacts on heat-tolerant bolting in lettuce. In this study, it was found that high temperatures could facilitate the accumulation of GA in lettuce to induce bolting, with higher expression levels of two heat shock protein genes LsHsp70-3701 and LsHsp70-2711. By applying VIGS technology, these two Hsp70 genes were incompletely silenced and plant morphological changes under heat treatment of silenced plants were observed. The results showed that lower expression levels of these two genes could enhance bolting stem length of lettuce under high temperatures, which means these two proteins may play a significant role in heat-induced bolting tolerance. By using the yeast two-hybrid technique, it was found that a calmodulin protein could interact with LsHsp70 proteins in a high-temperature stress cDNA library, which was constructed for lettuce. Also, the Hsp70-calmodulin combination can be obtained at high temperatures. According to these results, it can be speculated that the interaction between Hsp70 and calmodulin could be induced under high temperatures and higher GA contents can be obtained at the same time. This study analyses the regulation of heat tolerance in lettuce and lays a foundation for additional studies of heat resistance in lettuce.
Zeolite-supported ultra-small nickel as catalyst for selective oxidation of methane to syngas
Authors: Yasuda Shuhei , Osuga Ryota , Kunitake Yusuke , Kato Kazuya , Fukuoka Atsushi , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Gao Min , Hasegawa Jun-ya , Manabe Ryo , Shima Hisashi , Tsutsuminai Susumu , Yokoi Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of simple catalysts with high performance in the selective oxidation of methane to syngas at low temperature has attracted much attention. Here we report a nickel-based solid catalyst for the oxidation of methane, synthesised by a facile impregnation method. Highly dispersed ultra-small NiO particles of 1.6 nm in size are successfully formed on the MOR-type zeolite. The zeolite–supported nickel catalyst gives continuously 97–98% methane conversion, 91–92% of CO yield with a H2/CO ratio of 2.0, and high durability without serious carbon deposition onto the catalyst at 973 K. DFT calculations demonstrate the effect of NiO particle size on the C-H dissociation process of CH4. A decrease in the NiO particle size enhances the production of oxygen originating from the NiO nanoparticles, which contributes to the oxidation of methane under a reductive environment, effectively producing syngas.
Restart strategy for sensorless PMSM drive system based on zero‐voltage vector
Authors: Chen Bao , Shen Anwen , Li Peihe , Luo Xin , Xu Sang , Xu Jinbang 
Published: September 2020

The zero‐voltage vector (ZVV) method is widely employed to restart a free‐running permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) stably in a sensorless drive system due to its simple implementation. However, in the conventional method, it is hard to determine the action time and interval time of ZVV pulses, which may result in overcurrent. Moreover, the estimation accuracy is susceptible to current measurement noise. To cope with these problems, an enhanced ZVV method based on two feedback loops is proposed. With the proposed strategy, an inner closed loop is constructed to regulate the action time of the ZVV pulse by keeping the current amplitude at the reference value, which prevents the overcurrent. Meanwhile, the reference value of the current amplitude is adjusted automatically based on the outer loop to determine a suitable interval time of the ZVV pulse. Furthermore, the phase‐locked loop technique is exploited to extract rotor speed and position. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified under simulation and experimental results with a 5.5 kW sensorless PMSM drive system.
Bifurcation and oscillatory dynamics of delayed CDK1‐APC feedback loop
Authors: Zhou Shenshuang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yuan , Ni Xuan , Li Zhouhong 
Published: September 2020

Extensive experimental evidence has been demonstrated that the dynamics of CDK1‐APC feedback loop play crucial roles in regulating cell cycle processes, but the dynamical mechanisms underlying the regulation of this loop are still not completely understood. Here, the authors systematically investigated the stability and bifurcation criteria for a delayed CDK1‐APC feedback loop. They showed that the maximum reaction rate of CDK1 inactivation by APC can drive sustained oscillations of CDK1 activity ( ) and APC activity ( ), and the amplitude of these oscillations is increasing with the increase of the reaction rate over a wide range; a certain range of the self‐activation rate for CDK1 is also significant for generating these oscillations, for too high or too low rates the oscillations cannot be generated. Moreover, they derived the sufficient conditions to determine the stability and Hopf bifurcations, and found that the sum of time delays required for activating CDK1 and APC can induce and to be oscillatory, even when the and settle in a definite stable steady state. Furthermore, they presented an explicit algorithm for the properties of periodic oscillations. Finally, numerical simulations have been presented to justify the validity of theoretical analysis.
A comparative analysis of denoising algorithms for extragalactic imaging surveys
Authors: Roscani V. , Tozza S. , Castellano M. , Merlin E. , Ottaviani D. , Falcone M. , Fontana A. 
Published: September 2020

Aims.We present a comprehensive analysis of the performance of noise-reduction (denoising) algorithms to determine whether they provide advantages in source detection, mitigating noise on extragalactic survey images.Methods.The methods we analyze here are representative of different algorithmic families: Perona-Malik filtering, bilateral filter, total variation denoising, structure-texture image decomposition, non-local means, wavelets, and block-matching We tested the algorithms on simulated images of extragalactic fields with resolution and depth typical of theHubble,Spitzer, andEuclidSpace Telescopes, and of ground-based instruments. After choosing their best internal parameters configuration, we assessed their performance as a function of resolution, background level, and image type, in addition to testing their ability to preserve the objects fluxes and shapes. Finally, we analyze, in terms of completeness and purity, the catalogs that were extracted after applying denoising algorithms on a simulatedEuclidWide Survey VIS image and on real H160 andK-band (HAWK-I) observations of the CANDELS GOODS-South field.Results.Denoising algorithms often outperform the standard approach of filtering with the point spread function (PSF) of the image. Applying structure-texture image decomposition, Perona-Malik filtering, the total variation method by Chambolle, and bilateral filtering on theEuclid-VIS image, we obtain catalogs that are both more pure and complete by 0.2 magnitude than those based on the standard approach. The same result is achieved with the structure-texture image decomposition algorithm applied on the H160 image. The relative advantage of denoising techniques with respect to PSF filtering rises with increasing depth. Moreover, these techniques better preserve the shape of the detected objects with respect to PSF smoothing.Conclusions.Denoising algorithms provide significant improvements in the detection of faint objects and enhance the scientific return of current and future extragalactic surveys. We identify the most promising denoising algorithms among the 20 techniques considered in this study.
Amplification of magnetic field twisting by a stagnation point flow
Authors: Sumner Chloe , Taroyan Youra 
Published: September 2020

Context.Flows are a common feature of many processes occurring in the solar atmosphere, such as the formation of prominences where evaporated plasma from the chromosphere condensates along thin prominence threads that are seen to twist and oscillate.Aim.We aim to investigate the twisting of these threads by plasma condensation during their formation.Methods.We introduce a simple model with fixed critical points where the flow speed matches the Alfvén speed. This allows us to study the problem separately in the sub-Alfvénic and super-Alfvénic regimes. The temporal and spatial evolution of small amplitude initial twists along a thread is investigated analytically and numerically.Results.Analytical solutions are constructed in terms of the generalised hypergeometric functions. The solutions grow in time, despite the absence of any influxes of energy or magnetic fields. These results are confirmed numerically: We find oscillations with an amplifying amplitude and increasing period in the sub-Alfvénic regime. In the super-Alfvénic regime, we find twist amplification without any accompanying oscillations. An interesting result is the convergence of the twists at the critical points that leads to the formation of steep gradients and small scales. Energy is transferred from the flow to the amplifying twists.Conclusions.Magnetic field lines may be twisted by a stagnation point flow without the influx of any azimuthal field or energy. This twisting could assist in the formation of topology that is able to support the growth of prominences. The formation of steep gradients and small scales at the critical point is a new phenomenon which requires further investigation in the non-linear regime with the inclusion of magnetic diffusion.
Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with TNG
Authors: Casali G. , Magrini L. , Frasca A. , Bragaglia A. , Catanzaro G. , D’Orazi V. , Sordo R. , Carretta E. , Origlia L. , Andreuzzi G. , Fu X. , Vallenari A. 
Published: September 2020

Context.Open clusters are excellent tracers of the chemical evolution of the Galactic disc. The spatial distribution of their elemental abundances, through the analysis of high-quality and high-resolution spectra, provides insight into the chemical evolution and mechanisms of element nucleosynthesis in regions characterised by different conditions (e.g. star formation efficiency and metallicity).Aims.In the framework of the Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) project, we present new observations and spectral analysis of four sparsely studied open clusters located in the solar neighbourhood, namelyCollinder 350,Gulliver 51,NGC 7044,andRuprecht 171.Methods.We exploit the HARPS-N spectrograph at the TNG telescope to acquire high-resolution optical spectra for 15 member stars of four clusters. We derive stellar parameters (Teff, logg, [Fe/H] andξ) using both the equivalent width (EW) analysis and the spectral fitting technique. We compute elemental abundances for light,α-, iron-peak, andn-capture elements using the EW measurement approach. We investigate the origin of the correlation between metallicity and stellar parameters derived with the EW method for the coolest stars of the sample (Teff <  4300 K). The correlation is likely due to the challenging continuum setting and to a general inaccuracy of model atmospheres used to reproduce the conditions of very cool giant stars.Results.We locate the properties of our clusters in the radial distributions of metallicity and abundance ratios, comparing our results with clusters from theGaia-ESO and APOGEE surveys. We present the [X/Fe]−[Fe/H] and [X/Fe]−RGCtrends for elements in common between the two surveys. Finally, we derive the C and Li abundances as a function of the evolutionary phase and compare them with theoretical models.Conclusions.The SPA survey, with its high-resolution spectra, allows us to fully characterise the chemistry of nearby clusters. With a single set of spectra, we provide chemical abundances for a variety of chemical elements, which are comparable to those obtained in two of the largest surveys combined. The metallicities and abundance ratios of our clusters fit very well in the radial distributions defined by the recent literature, reinforcing the importance of star clusters to outline the spatial distribution of abundances in our Galaxy. Moreover, the abundances of C and Li, modified by stellar evolution during the giant phase, agree with evolutionary prescriptions (rotation-induced mixing) for their masses and metallicities.
Feminismus und Sexualpolitik: Die #MeToo-Bewegung und ihre Kritiker_innen
Authors: Herzog Dagmar 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Aufsatz zieht eine Bilanz der ersten zwei Jahre der Debatten rund um die #MeToo-Bewegung in den USA. Die Autorin dokumentiert viele Erfolge der Bewegung – bezüglich der Sensibilisierung der Öffentlichkeit und Entwicklung von Solidaritäten, der Strafverfolgung von Tätern oder dem Erzwingen ihres beruflichen Rücktritts, sowie der Änderung von Gesetzen und Richtlinien. Der Aufsatz untersucht aber auch die Bedenken vieler sexpositiver feministischer, antirassistischer und queerer Kritiker_innen der Bewegung und ihre Überlegungen zu den tieferliegenden Problemen in der US-Sexualkultur, die die Bewegung aufgedeckt hat. Des Weiteren analysiert der Aufsatz unter den Rubriken von Enterotisierung, Instrumentalisierung sowie Verdrängung und Verschiebung, wie die Existenz der #MeToo-Bewegung insbesondere von Antifeminist_innen innerhalb parteipolitischer Konflikte immer mehr als Waffe benutzt werden konnte. Die Autorin unterstreicht, wie wichtig es ist, die Diskussion über #MeToo in einen breiteren Kontext der Arbeitsrechte und der aktuellen wirtschaftlichen und politischen Bedingungen in den USA zu stellen.
Das Hamburger Modell im Wandel – von der Profession zur Konfession
Authors: Maß Reinhard 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Neuauflage „Paartherapie bei sexuellen Störungen“ (herausgegeben von Hauch 2020) werden relevante Forschungsergebnisse außer Acht gelassen. Ich bin der Auffassung, dass dieses Vorgehen nicht in Einklang mit modernen wissenschaftlichen und ethischen Standards steht. Es kann zu einer Überschätzung der Wirksamkeit des Hamburger Modells der Paartherapie bei sexuellen Störungen führen, inbesondere bei der Behandlung von Paaren mit mangelndem sexuellem Verlangen.
Role of Lachesis and Gripp Heel in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Islam Md Aminul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFrom December 2019, a new pandemic named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) has become a key topic of discussion across the world. The reason behind this discussion is the rapid increase in human death due to COVID-19 which has stunned the world. The pathogen of COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is similar to SARS CoV. SARS-CoV-2 infects mainly the respiratory system which causes the death because there is no effective vaccines or therapeutics against COVID-19. Homoeopathic drugs like Lachesis and Gripp Heel may play an effective role to cure corona patients.
COVID-19, Homoeopathic Immunomodulation and the Road Ahead: Perspective
Authors: Gupta Juhi , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The global flare of a pneumonia-like disease in 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has transformed into a malignant outbreak globally, with 73 lakh cases and 4 lakh deaths at the time of writing. Experimentation is pouring in from all quarters including homoeopathy. The disease speaks of the irreparable impacts of medications, rendering the body non-responsive to infections and afflictions. This review highlights the versatile approach of Classical Homoeopathic Immunomodulation along with recognition of the road ahead.
Objectives The aim of this study is to establish the immortal scientificity of homoeopathic principles by relating/explaining them in every classical and contemporary context. The principles of homoeopathy are to be revisited within the current context and more catered approaches for expansion of the Materia Medica with its application are the immediate requirements. This is possible primarily with Dr Hahnemann's versatile approach and principles, which stand the test of time, and secondarily due to the fact that chemotherapeutic dependence has permanently created negative imprints on human ability to fight diseases/external infections.
Methods A literature review of the existing knowledge of homoeopathy and its classical literature was done using books, databases like ResearchGate, PubMed and archives from the World Wide Web. Homoeopathic approaches and applications were reviewed, for a more catered design. Modern medical terminology and its relevance were also explored, with homoeopathic explanations. Causes of virulence of COVID-19 and their probable relations to comorbidities and drug dependence are catered upon.
Results Effectiveness of homoeopathy in management and prevention of epidemic outbreaks is well known. Literature and research have established immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Application of this natural healing system to combat the after-effects of continued chemical interventions in large doses is sought.
Conclusion Homoeopathy is a natural system of healing the ailing humans from diseases and an unquestioned method of detoxifying/antidoting the chemotherapeutic effects that render the human body susceptible to vague/novel diseases. Today, the challenge lies not only in diagnosis, but also in management of complexities in presentations of novel diseases and in restricting the transformation of simple infections into deadly outbreaks. Realisation of natural principles of healing is the urgent need.
Operations of small and medium enterprises and the legal system in Nigeria
Authors: Ufua Daniel E. , Olujobi Olusola J. , Ogbari Mercy E. , Dada Joseph A. , Edafe Oluwatosin D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research explored the effects of the legal system on SMEs operations in the Nigerian economy. The study aimed to address the gap in literature discussing the legal system and SMEs’ operations in Nigeria. It focused on learning about the current level of support of the legal system for SME operations and as well as suggesting an approach to enhance effective SMEs’ operations in Nigeria further. The current study applied a conceptual review, relying on extant literature relating to the antecedence of the Nigeria legal system, focusing on the critical factors affecting SME practices in Nigeria. A key finding is the importance of the legal system functions to SMEs practice in Nigeria. It also highlighted the weaknesses of the legal system in providing the needed backing and conducive business environment for SMEs in Nigeria. A model was proposed, depicting the need for restructuring of the legal system, improvised support of other government functionaries and other relevant stakeholders, to facilitate SMEs’ operations and enhance their contributions to the Nigerian economy. The research ends with the suggestion for further research to consider other research methodological approaches, the development of alternative dispute revolutionary measures, as well as a comparative study involving two or more economies in order to project further learning on the legal system and SMEs’ operations.
Language development in children from different SES backgrounds
Authors: Vanormelingen Liesbeth , Faes Jolien , Gillis Steven 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study is to analyze prelexical speech development in young children with a different socio-economic status (SES): children from low SES backgrounds (lowSES) are compared with mid-to-high SES (mhSES) children. Timing of the onset of babbling and the consonantal development in consonant-vowel (cv) syllables are investigated. Result show that lowSES children reach the babbling onset milestone significantly later than mhSES children. In addition, they use different consonant types in their cv-syllables: they use more glides, but fewer stops, nasals, fricatives, and liquids. These early differences between children of different backgrounds seem to be in line with the literature on SES differences later on in life.
How subjective are Mandarin reason connectives?
Authors: Xiao Hongling , Li Fang , Sanders Ted J. M. , Spooren Wilbert P. M. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudies in several languages find that causal connectives differ from one another in their prototypicalmeaning and use, which provides insight into language users’ cognitive categorization of causal relations in discourse. Subjectivity plays a vital role in this process. Using an integrated subjectivity approach, this study aims to give a comprehensive picture of the semantic-pragmatic distinctions between Mandarinreasonconnectivesjìrán‘since’, yīnwèiandyóuyú‘because’. The data come from spontaneous conversation, microblog, and newspaper discourse, while most previous studies have focused only on written data. The results show that, despite the contextual differences in discourse from each corpus, the connectives display distinctive and robust profiles.Jìránis subjective. It prototypically expressesspeech actandepistemiccausalities featuringspeech actandjudgmentin the consequent.Speaker SoC(subject of consciousness) is actively involved yet remainsimplicitin the utterances.Yóuyú, by contrast, is objective. It typically expressesvolitionalandnon-volitional contentcausalities featuring the consequent ofphysical actandfact,which are usually independent of SoCs.Yīnwèiis neutral in general, with a slight preference tovolitional contentandepistemicrelations, to the consequent offact, and tospeaker SoC.Only one interaction with discourse style is found: in relations introduced byyīnwèi,the linguistic realization of the SoC varies across corpora: significantly moreimplicityet fewexplicitcases in microblogs, yet the opposite is true in conversations. The specific profile ofyīnwèi, depending on the ordering of the antecedent and the consequent, is robust across corpora. Furthermore, the relative importance of the associated subjectivity features is determined. In conclusion, the study contributes to our understanding of causal coherence and extends theempirical database that supports the claims of a cognitive account of causal coherence relations.