bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fraud in the documents and the underlying contract in letters of credit under Jordanian and English law: a new prerequisite?
Authors: Alawamleh Kamal Jamal , Abu Helo Shadi Helo 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the application of the fraud exception to the autonomy principle that governs the work of letters of credit in both Jordanian and English law. While it has been reiterated that the application of such exception before the English courts is difficult, this study highlights and critically analyzes some of the reasons that lie behind such a difficulty. Moreover, this study compares the English approach with the Jordanian approach to this specific area of law to find out what each can benefit from the approach of the other. The extent to which both approaches have been successful in applying such an exception will be examined thoroughly in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
To examine how effective is the approaches followed by the English and Jordanian Courts in applying the fraud exception in this context, this work makes use of the secondary data available in this regard as the main method to complete such an examination. By critically analyzing and comparing the various data contained in these sources, this work identifies the problems associated with such approaches.

Findings
This work suggests that while the autonomy principle in letters of credit has what shall maintain its role as an important principle, the fraud exception application shall be facilitated. It further submits that the English Courts attitude to this specific area of law is somehow ambiguous and intertwined as it does not distinguish between two different stages that are existent in this context, namely, the submission of the documents stage “the prerequisite” that in case of submitting genuine, truthful and complying documents would activate the autonomy principle and the following stage which starts after activating the autonomy principle and which to it a fraud exception can be applied.

Originality/value
This work proposes that a beneficiary of a letter of credit shall satisfy a prerequisite before it can be said that he is protected under the autonomy principle. Such a prerequisite dictates that he shall submit genuine, truthful and complying documents to activate the autonomy principle and once the beneficiary submits such documents it can be said that the autonomy principle, which fraud is an exception to it, has been activated. Furthermore, this work proposes that English Courts shall adopt an approach similar to the Jordanian approach in relation to the application of the fraud exception, whereas the latter requires proving neither the beneficiary’s fraudulent intent nor his knowledge of it but rather applies a more realistic test concerned merely with the goods’ quality and quantity.
Exploring the role of corruption and money laundering (ML) on banking profitability and stability: a study of Pakistan and Malaysia
Authors: Zaman Qamar Uz , Aish Kinza , Akhter Waheed , Zaidi Syed Anees Haidder 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the effect of corruption and money laundering (ML) on banking profitability and stability.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the panel data of 72 banks of Pakistan and Malaysia from 2012–2018. This paper uses fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE) regression techniques for empirical testing and generalized methods of moment (GMM) technique for robustness tests.

Findings
This study founds consistent evidence that corruption has a positive and ML has a negative relationship with the banking profitability of Pakistan and Malaysia while the empirical evidence suggests that corruption and ML have a diverse impact on the banking stability of Pakistan and Malaysia. Further, this paper also founds that corruption and ML moderates the relationship between risk and banking profitability and stability.

Practical implications
The results reveal that the banks of the highly corrupt environment are more affected by corruption and ML than the least corrupt environment. Thus, it is recommended that the Government of Pakistan should formulate strong anti-corruption and anti-money laundering policies.

Originality/value
As per the knowledge of the authors, this research contributes to understanding the role of corruption and money laundering on the stability and profitability of Pakistan and, in general, it is the first attempt investigating the moderating role of corruption and ML between risk and banking profitability and stability.
“Maddie is online”: an educational video cartoon series on digital literacy and resilience for children
Authors: Martzoukou Konstantina 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper examines children's development of digital literacy, resilience and citizenship in the online environment, addressing active engagement and participation via cartoon videos. Previous research has emphasised the positive role of cartoons in different educational contexts, as important agents of attracting children's attention and interest with opportunities to engage in contextual and collaborative learning.Design/methodology/approachThe work describes the design and an initial pilot study of the animated cartoon video series, with a group of 30 children in an S1 class, at a secondary school in Scotland as part of workshop addressing digital resilience themes. Children worked individually and in teams in a series of interactive activities, which were evaluated by means of a short questionnaire survey.FindingsThe majority of the children enjoyed the cartoon videos which addressed a story of cyberbullying and, in teams, they chose different copying strategies. Children's verbalisations included expressions of positive feelings when connecting online, linked to socialising, creative and playful activities and they expressed a preference towards speaking to their parents and friends rather than their teachers when dealing with online challenges.Research limitations/implicationsChildren not only enjoyed watching the cartoon story but had an interest to learn more about how other children deal with the pressures and challenges of the online world, how to manage their own digital footprint and, particularly, how easy it is to spread personal information online.Practical implicationsCartoon animations present an opportunity to act as a basis for encouraging children to exchange ideas and engage in dialogue in class and at home by means of creating a point of reference which creates an environment, where pressure is taken away from the “self”. The cartoon character can be the focal point for discussion on issues that may be difficult to address directly and on a personal level because of insecurity or fear.Social implicationsBoth teachers and parents have a responsibility to offer support and advice to children and ensure their online safety and resilience. Engaging with children in open further dialogue via fun and interactive cartoon-based activities may help to further explore and understand their perspectives.Originality/valueThe work addresses everyday life issues encountered online and aims to offer educators and parents an engaging and fun series of activities, harnessing the advantages of cartoon video animation as a didactical resource that can utilised as a supplementary learning tool inside the classroom and at home.
Corporate social responsibility and the nonprofit sector: exploring the common ground
Authors: Valentinov Vladislav 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Many nonprofit missions and the goals of socially responsible corporations are often found to refer to similar moral ideals related to improving the quality of human life. To take account of this salient fact, the paper aims to theorize the functional equivalence between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the nonprofit sector.

Design/methodology/approach
The argumentative strategy is to draw on the conceptual construct of the complexity-sustainability trade-off to develop a systems-theoretic interpretation of Roger Lohmann’s vision of the commons as an embodiment of collective voluntary action.

Findings
The emerging conceptual imagery is that of corporations and nonprofits as social systems continually seeking to sustain themselves by processing and codifying their societal environment which includes the commons in which Lohmann took a central interest. The possible functional equivalence of corporations and nonprofits is traced back to their struggling to develop and improve their responsiveness to the respective commons.

Originality/value
This argument is shown to cut across a range of issues in the modern nonprofit sector scholarship, while shedding new light on the ongoing debates on CSR and stakeholder theory.
Overt or covert? Effect of different digital nudging on consumers’ customization choices
Authors: Lu Shouwang , Chen Gong (Gordon) , Wang Kanliang 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to explore the effect of two digital nudging technologies that is overt digital nudging (ODN) and covert digital nudging (CDN), on consumers’ choices of nudged options in the context of online customization systems (OCS).Design/methodology/approachThis paper designed a 2 (ODN: yes/no) by 2 (CDN: yes/no) full factor between-subject lab experiment in the context of online travel package customization. This paper collected and analyzed the number of nudged options (the intermediate options) of choices among consumers in these four scenarios.FindingsODN and CDN have positive effects on consumers’ choices of nudged options in online customization (OC). In addition, mixed nudge (a combination of ODN and CDN) has a more significant effect on consumers’ choices of nudged options in OC than using CDN only.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focused only on the choice behavior of consumers in the customization context and did not analyze their attitude change. The present study used vendor recommendation as the proxy variable of ODN and default option as the proxy variable of CDN. A future study could explore other instances of ODN and CDN.Practical implicationsThis study explores the effects of digital nudging technologies in the context of OCS. The study provides clear guidance for customization vendors on whether to use digital nudging tools and their combinations, and which tools should be preferred.Social implicationsVendors can adopt digital nudging technology to persuade consumers to choose nudged options. This nudging effect can make consumers’ choices predictable and less uncertain, thus adding profits for vendors.Originality/valueFirst, the study focuses on the impact of digital nudging on consumers’ choices and enriches the understanding of the impact of customization system design on consumers’ choices. Second, this paper put forward a new classification method for digital nudging and proposed, respectively, the effect mechanisms on consumers’ customization choices. Third, this study explores the effect of combining multiple nudging tools in OC context on consumers’ choices, which deepens the understanding of the interactive effects of different types of nudging tools.
POE of public higher education facilities in Saudi Arabia: lessons learned from three case studies
Authors: Hassanain Mohammad A. , Iftikhar Ali , Al-Hammad Abdul-Mohsen , Alshibani Adel , Ibrahim Ahmed M. , Abdallah Abdullatif 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper provides an exemplary systematic conduct of post‐occupancy evaluation (POE) on higher education facilities in Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachThe research study utilized several qualitative and quantitative POE techniques which were systematically comprising (1) scoping and reviewing the facilities-related documents, (2) identification of performance indicators through the review of literature, (3) development and collection of questionnaire survey responses from stakeholders, (4) collection of physical measurements and (5) assessing the facilities by walk-throughs. Then, the data were analyzed and the findings were reported to representative samples of users through focus group meetings. Then, recommendations were drawn for improving the occupational conditions of the case study facilities.FindingsThe synthesis of literature led to three main categories of performance elements that are relevant for higher education facilities. These include technical, functional and behavioral elements, in which each of the elements has specific performance indicators, 97 in total. The research study exemplifies a systematic conduct of POE. The stakeholders' perspectives on the performance elements through surveys, measurements and walk-throughs were collected. The assessment led to recommendations toward satisfactory and quality occupation of the case study facilities.Originality/valueThis research aims to standardize POE by introducing its methods as a tool for evaluating higher education facilities and by elaborating the most prominent performance indicators for ensuring higher education core functions, namely, teaching, research and community collaboration.
The role of collaborative interorganizational relationships in supply chain risks: a systematic review using a social capital perspective
Authors: Daghar Anis , Alinaghian Leila , Turner Neil 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to systematically review, synthesize and critically evaluate the current research status on the role of collaborative interorganizational relationships (CIRs) in supply chain risks (SCRs) from a social capital perspective and provide an organizing lens for future scholarship in this area.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a systematic literature review approach to investigate 126 articles from 27 peer-reviewed journals between 1995 and 2020.FindingsThis paper investigates supply chain CIRs using a social capital perspective to explain the role of structural, relational and cognitive capital that resides in these relationships in various SCRs (i.e. environmental, supply, manufacturing, demand, information, financial and transportation). The review reveals that the three social capital dimensions uniquely and both positively and negatively affect different SCRs. The findings further suggest that the perceived SCRs can influence the structural and relational capital.Practical implicationsThis study calls for practitioners to consider the cognitive alignment with their supply network partners, their relational investments, as well as the interorganizational processes and systems in managing and alleviating SCRs.Originality/valueThis review offers a theoretical articulation of how various aspects of CIRs affect SCRs. Specifically, this study extends the existing understanding of the role of social capital in SCRs through offering a synthesis of dominant findings and discourses, and avenues for future research.
Mating under climate change: Impact of simulated heatwaves on the reproduction of model pollinators
Authors: Martinet Baptiste , Zambra Ella , Przybyla Kimberly , Lecocq Thomas , Anselmo Abigaël , Nonclercq Denis , Rasmont Pierre , Michez Denis , Hennebert Elise 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Climate change is related to an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events such as heatwaves. It is well established that such events may worsen the current world‐wide biodiversity decline. In many organisms, heat stress is associated with direct physiological perturbations and could lead to a decrease of fitness. In contrast to endotherms, heat stress resistance has been poorly investigated in heterotherms; especially in insects, in which the internal physiological mechanisms available to regulate body temperature are almost negligible making them sensitive to extreme temperature variations.

Wild bees are crucial pollinators for wild plants and crops. Among them, bumblebees are experiencing a strong decline across the world. Therefore, the ongoing global decline of these insect pollinators partly due to climate change could cause major economic issues.

Here we assess how simulated heatwaves impact fertility and attractiveness (key parameters of sustainability) of bumblebee males. We used three model species: Bombus terrestris, a widespread and warm‐adapted species, B. magnus and B. jonellus, two declining and cold‐adapted species.

We highlight that heat shock (40°C) negatively affects sperm viability and sperm DNA integrity only in the two cold‐adapted species. Heat shock can also impact the structure of cephalic labial glands and the production of pheromones only in the declining species.

The specific disruption in key reproductive traits we identify following simulated heatwave conditions could provide one important mechanistic explanation for why some pollinators are in decline through climate change.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Phantom river noise alters orb‐weaving spider abundance, web size and prey capture
Authors: Gomes Dylan G. E. , Hesselberg Thomas , Barber Jesse R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Novel anthropogenic noise has received considerable attention in behavioural ecology, but the natural acoustic environment has largely been ignored as a niche axis.

Using arrays of speakers, we experimentally broadcasted whitewater river noise continuously for three summers, and monitored spider abundance and behaviour across 15 sites, to test our hypothesis that river noise is an important structuring force as a niche axis.

We find substantial evidence that orb‐weaving spiders (Araneidae and Tetragnathidae) are more abundant in high sound level environments, but are not affected by background noise spectrum.

We explore multiple possible mechanisms underlying these patterns, such as loss of vertebrate predators and increased prey capture, and assess spider web‐building behaviour and body condition in noise. Continued research on the natural and anthropogenic acoustic environment will likely reveal a web of connections hidden within this neglected ecological niche axis.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Foliar summer frost resistance measured via electrolyte leakage approach as related to plant distribution, community composition and plant traits
Authors: Bucher Solveig Franziska , Rosbakh Sergey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFrost resistance (FR) is a fundamental process determining various aspects of plant life. Measurements of FR remain challenging as existing methods are time‐ and labour‐intensive.Here, we test the applicability of foliar summer FR measured via the ‘electrolyte leakage’ approach (FRPEL), a simple and inexpensive technique so far underused in ecological research to estimate FR. We tested the ability of this trait to predict (a) species occurrence, (b) community composition along an elevation gradient and (c) analysed its relationship with nine other traits (SLA, Cmass, Nmass, Pmass, Camass, Mgmass, Kmass, canopy height and the ability to form rosettes) related to plant performance. We studied 183 vascular species occurring at 37 sites, which we also analysed in terms of species composition along an elevation gradient from 656 to 2,363 m a.s.l. in the Bavarian Alps, Germany.Species' FRPELvalues correlated significantly with the species occurrence along the elevation gradient. However, this relationship was weak as it explained only 10% in the variation of the Landolt indicator values, a proxy for species geographic ranges. We found a strong positive relationship between community‐weighted FRPELvalues and elevation suggesting a strong environmental filtering of this trait that removes species with low FR from the local species pool at high elevations. The community functional diversity of FRPELsignificantly increased with increasing elevation suggesting a higher trait divergence in harsher climates. We found significant negative relationships between FRPELand SLA, canopy height and the ability to form leaf rosettes, indicating a trade‐off in plants between the investment in conservative strategies, in our case FR, and fast resource acquisition.Our study highlights the potential of using FRPELmore frequently in ecological research as we were able to reconfirm three patterns inferred by more precise yet time‐consuming and labour‐intensive approaches. We demonstrate that FRPELcan be used to predict species occurrence and infer assembly rules along elevation gradients. Furthermore, we found that FRPELis linked to plant functional traits associated with plant performance and morphological features of the plants. However, the trait's predictive power varied greatly among the study objectives and levels.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Using generalised dissimilarity modelling and targeted field surveys to gap‐fill an ecosystem surveillance network
Authors: Guerin Greg R. , Williams Kristen J. , Leitch Emrys , Lowe Andrew J. , Sparrow Ben 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Effective ecosystem management requires spatially distributed measurements that are representative of ecological diversity. When considering which sites complement existing conservation or monitoring networks, there are many strategies for optimising ecological coverage in the absence of ground observations. However, such optimisation is often implemented theoretically in conservation prioritisation frameworks and real‐world implementation is rarely assessed, particularly for monitoring networks.

We assessed the performance of adding new survey sites informed by predictive modelling in gap‐filling the ecological coverage of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's (TERN) continental network of ecosystem surveillance plots, Ausplots. We constructed a generalised dissimilarity model (GDM) in which plant species composition in 531 sites was fitted to environmental parameters. We combined predicted nearest‐neighbour ecological distances for locations across Australia with practical considerations to select regions for gap‐filling surveys of 181 new plots across 18 expeditions. We iteratively tracked the reduction in mean nearest‐neighbour distances in GDM space, and increases in the actual sampling of ecological space, using cumulative multivariate dispersion.

The generalised dissimilarity model explained 34% of deviance in species compositional turnover as a function of geographic distance, soil P, aridity, actual evapotranspiration and rainfall seasonality, among 17 significant predictors.

We targeted identified gap regions in the Australian jurisdictions of Queensland, New South Wales and Western Australia for surveys in addition to opportunistic or project‐based gap‐filling over 2 years. Approximately 20% of the land area of Australia received increased servicing of biological representation, corresponding to a reduction in mean nearest‐neighbour ecological distances from 0.38 to 0.33 in units of compositional dissimilarity. The corresponding increase in sampled ecological space was 172% more than that achieved from the previous 181 plots.

Synthesis and applications. Increases in the representation of ecosystems included in surveillance networks can be achieved efficiently using objective methods for site selection and appraisal. Scaling of environmental variables through ecological models supports practical sampling decisions, while optimising putative survey locations via their ecological distance to a nearest neighbour is useful when the aim is to increase inclusion of habitats. Iterations between modelled gaps and field campaigns provide a pragmatic compromise between theoretical optima and real‐world decision‐making.