bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrophic Scars: Reinforcing the Flap Mattress Using Adipocyte Transfer in Paraplegic Patients at Risk of Pressure Ulcer Recurrence
Authors: Téot Luc 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtrophic scars may be defined as depressive areas on the skin, due to a defect of fatty tissue under the skin. This situation may lead to adherence to the depth (fascia, bone, tendon) to be a source of functional impairment. Most of the atrophic scars are secondary to acne localized over the face. Multiple techniques were proposed to restore the volume and uniformize the surface, like laser, injection of fat, microneedling, microdermabrasion, dermal fillers, and surgical techniques such as subcision and platlet rich plasma (PRP). On the basis of level 1 evidence currently available, it appears that PRP can improve the quality of atrophic acne scars treated with ablative fractional CO2 laser and decrease the duration of laser-related side effects including edema and erythema (Goutos). Regenerative surgery, including fat harvesting, centrifugation, and isolation of adipocyte stem cells, has been promoted since years and should be repeated when injected fat progressive crush is observed. The clinical case presented here is a paraplegic patient presenting a pressure sore in the left ischiatic area. The flap was successful but the depth of the transplanted fatty tissue was decreasing after some years. A first fat injection was programmed.
Secondary Lip Correction in a Cleft Lip Patient
Authors: van der Sluis Wouter B. , Don Griot Johan P. W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn unilateral cleft lip and palate, the orbicularis muscle, the alveolar bone, the floor of the nose, and the hard and soft palate are interrupted, creating an open communication between nasopharynx and oropharynx. Patients with a cleft lip and palate are treated in specialized cleft centers by a multidisciplinary team. Having cleft lip and/or palate has a noteworthy impact on quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Surgical scars are in the center of the face and can be quite noteworthy. Postoperative scarring is a common cause of patient dissatisfaction.Here, we describe a patient with an unpleasing esthetic result after surgical correction of unilateral cleft lip and palate in China. After careful surgical planning, scar excision and a single Z-plasty were performed to achieve scar lengthening. Pre- and postoperative images are shown.
Other Scar Types: Optimal Functional and Aesthetic Outcome of Scarring in Cleft Patients
Authors: van der Sluis Wouter B. , Kornmann Nirvana S. S. , Tan Robin A. , Don Griot Johan P. W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCleft lip and palate are facial and oral malformation due to failures in the embryologic craniofacial development during early pregnancy. A unilateral cleft lip and palate is the most common type, whereby the upper lip, the orbicularis muscle, the alveolar bone, the floor of the nose, and the hard and soft palate are interrupted, creating an open communication between nasopharynx and oropharynx. Patients with a cleft lip and palate are treated in specialized cleft centers by a multidisciplinary team. Having cleft lip and/or palate has a noteworthy impact on quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Postoperative scarring is a common cause of patient dissatisfaction. The goal of cleft lip surgery is to close the lip, provide optimal function in terms of speech, mastication, dental protection, breathing and feeding, and provide an aesthetically pleasing facial scar. Precise surgical technique and adequate aligning of anatomical structures is important for the postoperative aesthetic result and scar formation. Different surgical techniques are available for this purpose. Optimal scar management can be divided in surgical (precise surgical technique, planning, and adequate aligning of anatomical structures) and nonsurgical methods (botulinum toxin, silicone application, carbon dioxide fractional laser).
Genetics of Keloid Scarring
Authors: Sadiq Alia , Khumalo Nonhlanhla P. , Bayat Ardeshir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKeloid disease is a benign fibro-proliferative reticular dermal tumor that develops in response to dysregulated cutaneous wound-healing process. The key alterations result in keloid formation have not been fully understood yet.Extensive literature review suggests that there is a strong genetic predisposition for keloid formation as keloid cases have appeared in twins, families, Asian and African descendant ethnic groups predominantly. Thus, there have been several attempts to investigate the genetic variations that may act as contributing factors in keloid pathogenesis, but no single genetic cause has been identified so far. Gene expression studies have shown highly variable results in linkage analysis of keloid families and in keloid fibroblasts. These findings provide clues that keloids arise from heterogeneous genetic events in coordination with immune-related components for example, the Major Histocompatibility Complex genes, consequently that may contributing towards dermal fibrosis. In addition, it is likely that multiple genetic and epigenetic factors are responsible for the development of the disease pathology. In summary, keloid disease is a disorder in which the exact genetic contribution to pathogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Understanding the genetic basis of keloid disease would help to identify targeted therapies as well as accurately assess individual genetic susceptibility to keloids, in order to provide a more personalized approach to their management.
International Scar Classification in 2019
Authors: Mustoe Thomas A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScars can be classified into immature scars and mature scars. Mature scars can be “normal,” atrophic, or hypertrophic. Keloids occur in patients with a genetic predisposition and behave differently than hypertrophic scars, although there can be a continuum in terms of appearance. The molecular mechanisms of scarring, hypertrophic scar and keloids, have been the subject of intensive research. There are still many unanswered questions.
The Use of Internal Crowdsourcing for Qualification and Competence Development in Organizations
Authors: Uhl André , Göll Edgar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the question of how internal crowdsourcing can be used as a tool to support employee qualification measures and help develop their competencies in organizations. The first chapter examines the current state of the competence research. A paradigm shift from ‘qualification and professional development’ towards ‘competencies’ and the implications for the concept are described. Chapter “An Introduction to Internal Crowdsourcing” deals with the analyses and work on the subject of competence acquisition and development, including considering the results of two interview series and two workshops. In chapter “Managing the Crowd: A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Internal Crowdsourcing”, the authors present a combined and practical approach to support competence development through internal crowdsourcing in organizations. Finally, the last chapter sums up main results and perspectives for competence development through a combination of virtual and face-to-face working processes.
Power to the Network: The Concept of Social Business and Its Relevance for IC
Authors: Zinke-Wehlmann Christian , Friedrich Julia , Römer Vanita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe concept of IC puts the employee, in its potential role as crowdsource, Campaign Owner or initiator into focus. This reflects the emancipatory and participatory principle that goes hand in hand with the concept of Social Business. The basic idea of Social Business is not to link the business success of a company exclusively to its management capabilities or the business plan, but to understand and value the individual stakeholder as part of a successful enterprise network. For Social Business, value is not exclusively understood as business value; rather, the perspective is expanded to include social added value, in the sense that the value of the work for the employee, society or the environment is considered as an indirect corporate goal. Thus, Social Business is defined as a framework or strategy that uses digital social networks (enterprise social networks) with the primary goal of generating social, ecological and economic benefits. This article introduces the Social Business reference model, which supports the adoption and implementation of the outlined strategy and contrasts it to the ICU Model in order to identify the strengths as well as weaknesses of both models.
An Introduction to Internal Crowdsourcing
Authors: Pohlisch Jakob 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter aims to provide the reader with an introduction to crowdsourcing in general and internal crowdsourcing in particular. First, the elementary principles of crowdsourcing will be introduced, completed by a definition that will constitute the basis for this book. Second, different crowdsourcing typologies will be described to inform the reader about classifications of the phenomenon in scientific literature. Third, the crowdsourcing process is outlined to clarify the general procedure of this new kind of work organization. Lastly, the concept will be transferred to the intraorganizational context, describing and defining the concept of internal crowdsourcing which represents the main topic of this book.
Managing the Crowd: A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Internal Crowdsourcing
Authors: Pohlisch Jakob 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe phenomenon of crowdsourcing is increasingly being addressed in academic literature. Companies utilize crowdsourcing to search for solutions to internal problems outside of the companies’ boundaries, accessing the vast and diverse knowledge and creativity of people all over the world. More recently, a growing interest has emerged that concentrates on the intra-organizational application of this phenomenon—internal crowdsourcing. While conventional internal innovation activities are mostly concentrated within a few dedicated departments, this new approach helps companies to open up their innovation process to all employees. Internal crowdsourcing can help companies bridge geographical distances, integrate new employees, predict the market success of products, and create ideas for new businesses.This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing empirical findings regarding the management of internal crowdsourcing. In this review, 27 papers, covering more than 100 companies, are analysed. They are based on more than 800 interviews, participant observations, action design research, surveys, and datasets of internal innovation contests. The results of this review will help practitioners to design the management of internal crowdsourcing based on existing implementations and lessons learned, helping them to unleash the full innovation potential of their employees, creating a valuable competitive advantage.
Systematization Approach for the Development and Description of an Internal Crowdsourcing System
Authors: Wedel Marco , Ulbrich Hannah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is a need for a scientific and theoretical foundation in the description of internal crowdsourcing systems with binding, consensus-based terminologies and descriptions. (How) Can the already described subcategories and aspects of an IC System be meaningfully described and placed in an orderly overall relationship? What needs to be added to existing system descriptions, if at all? The present article concentrates on identifying existing descriptions and definitions in connection with approaches to systematize the development of an internal crowdsourcing system (Some aspects of this article will also be published in German. Please be referred to: Daum, M.; Wedel, M.; Zinke-Wehlmann, C.; Ulbrich, H. (ed.) (2020): Gestaltung vernetzt-flexibler Arbeit. Beiträge aus Theorie und Praxis für die digitale Arbeitswelt. Berlin: Springer Vieweg). Since the phenomenon itself eludes allocation to an exclusively dedicated academic discipline, it seems appropriate to choose interdisciplinary approaches and to build on existing theoretical and terminological approaches from related sciences.
Proposals for the Future of Internal Crowdsourcing: A Trade Union-Based Approach
Authors: Schröter Welf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe “FST” personnel network “Forum Soziale Technikgestaltung” (Forum for Social Forms of Technology) from the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB) of Baden-Württemberg has been examining the subjects informatization of work and digitization since 1991. More than 4600 women and men from works councils and staff councils, union representative bodies and the workforce, large companies, small- and medium-sized enterprises, the manual trades, as well as self-employed people have been involved in an exchange about their experiences in production and services and in administrations. Against this background, and drawing on the accumulated knowledge gained from experience, the following proposals for the future of internal crowdsourcing have been derived. The proposals represent a trade union-based approach.
Good Practice at GASAG Group: Recommendations for the Application of Internal Crowdsourcing from a Business Perspective
Authors: Porth Florian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeveloping innovative and marketable products and services and maintaining innovation capacity are basic prerequisites for a company’s economic success and present implicit challenges in the adaptation to twenty-first-century needs. These success factors are put at risk by silo mentalities and by insufficiently pronounced cross-departmental knowledge transfers. The GASAG Group as a typical organizational layout of medium-sized enterprises in Germany has been and still is confronted with these challenges as well. In order to face them, the GASAG Group decided to work on company culture as well as to develop an open and innovative mindset, prompting it to join the ICU (ICU stands for ‘Internal Crowdsourcing in Enterprises’ and is a joint project funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF) and the European Social Fund (ESF) for a period of 3 years, from June 2017 to May 2020, under the funding measure ‘Work in the Digitalised World’ and supervised by the project management organization Karlsruhe. The project goal was the development of an employee-friendly cross-industry reference model for Internal Crowdsourcing.). Research Project in 2017. The aim of this chapter is to describe the ICU approach from the practical, company perspective of the GASAG Group and to map out identified success factors as well as provide general recommendations for the implementation of Internal Crowdsourcing in a business environment.
The Living Group Works Council Agreement as Social Innovation: Internal Crowdsourcing in the GASAG Group
Authors: Otte Andreas , Schröter Welf , Breite Ingo , Gerth Frank , Laur Sylvia , Ost Volker , Sekertekin Can , Tabor Andreas , Wedel Marco , Ulbrich Hannah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractShortly after the formal launch of the ICU project in the summer of 2017, representatives from the group works council of the GASAG group sat down with the trade union network Forum for the Social Forms of Technology, the FST, to start up an independent practical initiative to examine the topic of internal crowdsourcing to be implemented soon after. In 2018, a model works council agreement between the group works council and the management was agreed, henceforth framing the IC procedure in the GASAG group. The agreement is meant to serve as a template for the introduction of internal crowdsourcing in other companies and industries. A special feature of the agreement is the so-called ‘living’ group works council agreement. The following article analyses its significance and provides a translation by reproducing the agreement in its wording (This text is based on an original version in the German language that was published under the provisions of the Creative Commons at the URL: www.blog-zukunft-der-arbeit.de/betriebsraete-setzen-starken-innovationsimpuls-fuer-digitalen-aufbruch or www.blog-zukunft-der-arbeit.de.).
Getting Hold of a Universe of Conspirators: Anti-Communist Panic, Fears of Subversion, and the Routine of Repression in Senegal’s Early Postcolonial Secret Police (the Sûreté), 1962–1965
Authors: Keese Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBetween 1962 and 1965, the Senegalese secret police (the Sûreté) developed a system for surveillance and repression, which included the frequent use of torture. This system helped a new elite, organized in the Union Progressiste Sénégalaise (UPS; the single political party), to maintain its hold on power, and persecuted the activists of banned opposition parties and movements, including dissident religious activists, as members of seditious and Communist groups. While one of these parties, the outlawed Parti Africain de l’Indépendance (PAI) had credentials of espousing “Marxism-Leninism,” others did not have even that, but the secret police was increasingly convinced of their Communist ideologies. In that conviction, they strongly internalized earlier colonial obsessions, molding them into a gnawing anxiety over “complots” and “conspiracies,” which justified violent repression. After three years of developing its routine for conducting repressive operations, secret police agents saw themselves as Senegal’s principal bulwark against Communism. However, while arrests and interrogations were violent, prison practices were less repressive, and supposedly dangerous conspirators sometimes profited from the benevolence of prison staff. Political practices were also less uniform. The former leaders of political parties suspected of being subversive were sometimes “reformed” and integrated into the ruling elite, and even former PAI activists could become loyal citizens, like Ousmane Camara, who ironically became the director of the Sûreté in 1965. Even so, everyday repression of suspected Communists continued to be violent into the second half of the 1960s.
Power, Governance and Agroecology Transformations
Authors: Anderson Colin Ray , Bruil Janneke , Chappell M. Jahi , Kiss Csilla , Pimbert Michel Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we focus on issues of power, control and governance in agroecology transformations. Synthesizing the findings across the six domains of transformation introduced in Part II, we explore how the different ‘governance interventions’ of different actors have multiple effects on a transformative agroecology. Interventions that undermine agroecology have two effects: (i) suppressing agroecology by actively repressing and criminalizing it and (ii) co-opting agroecology by supporting it only to become equivalent to the dominant regime. Interventions that maintain the status quo enable co-existence by (iii) containing agroecology as elements of the dominant regime are strengthened and alternatives ignored and (iv) shielding agroecology from regime dynamics so it is less threatened. In contrast, agroecological transformation of agri-food systems are enabled by (v) processes that support and nurture agroecology to develop on its own terms and (vi) release agroecology from its disabling context by dismantling elements of the dominant regime and anchoring the values, norms and practices of agroecology within and between territories, and at different scales.
Domain E: Equity
Authors: Anderson Colin Ray , Bruil Janneke , Chappell M. Jahi , Kiss Csilla , Pimbert Michel Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine how marginalization and inequity—from international policy arenas to the household level and along the intersecting dimensions of gender, age, class and caste, religion, health and race—pose a major barrier to the development of sustainable food systems. The more transformative edges of the agroecology movement are advancing feminist, decolonial and anti-racist approaches that move the analysis from the centres of power to the margins where the hitherto excluded and oppressed are claiming power. Inequity manifests in overt discrimination as well as unequal access to resources and decision-making power at the household or farm level or to markets, credit, knowledge, governance, relations and other resources at the community or territorial level. In the absence of a focus on equity, efforts to advance agroecology risk exacerbating inequity.
Das italienische, europäische und internationale Markenrecht und Markenprozessrecht
Authors: Perathoner Christoph 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie heute im Immaterialgüterrecht bekannten Marken sind keine Erfindung der Moderne, sondern lassen sich bis in die Antike zurückverfolgen. Das Markenrecht hat in der Folgezeit – vor allem seit dem 19. Jahrhundert – im nationalen und internationalen Handels- und Wirtschaftsrecht einen festen Platz eingenommen.Die Informationsgesellschaft und die Globalisierung geben dem Markenrecht eine wachsende Bedeutung. Die praktische Folge davon ist, dass Unternehmen in den letzten Jahrzehnten weit mehr in ihre Marken investiert haben und diese bei Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) immer höhere Preise erzielen. Aus rechtlicher Sicht lässt sich erkennen, dass seit einigen Jahrzehnten das Markenrecht stark europäisiert und internationalisiert wurde, während es historisch von der nationalen Territorialität geprägt war.In diesem Beitrag wird das italienische Markenrecht prägnant und systematisch dargestellt, wobei besonders darauf Bedacht genommen wurde, die unionsrechtlichen Bestimmungen, aber auch Institute, die auf internationale Markenübereinkünfte zurückgehen, dazustellen und einzubauen.
Immaterialgüter und Wettbewerbsrecht
Authors: Müller Thomas 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Verhältnis von Wettbewerbsrecht und Immaterialgüterrecht ist kompliziert und spannungsreich – es verwundert daher nicht, dass seine juristische Bewältigung bis heute umstritten ist. Das zentrale Spannungsverhältnis besteht zwischen vorwiegendnationalerZuordnung von Ausschließlichkeitsrechten undeuropäischemWettbewerbsschutz vor Marktabschottungen: Während das Immaterialgüterrecht durch die Einräumung von zeitlich begrenzten Ausschließlichkeitsrechten die Innovatoren als Belohnung ihrer Leistung vor Wettbewerb schützen soll, also marktzugangsbeschränkend wirkt, hat das Wettbewerbsrecht gerade die Aufgabe, Wettbewerbsfreiheit zu bewahren und Märkte zu öffnen. Die Kernfrage lautet daher: Wie ist das Verhältnis zwischen beiden Rechtsmaterien juristisch zu bestimmen? Bestehen Vorrangverhältnisse oder ist nicht doch eine harmonisierende Auslegung angebracht? Letztlich geht es also um Anwendungsbereichsfragen: Wie weit reicht der Schutz geistigen Eigentums, wie weit jener des funktionsfähigen Wettbewerbs? Ich werde zeigen, dass das Verhältnis zwischen beiden Rechtsgebieten partiell komplementär aufzufassen ist, was für eine harmonisierende Auslegung iSe einzelfallbezogenen Interessenabwägung und gegen formale Vorrangregeln spricht. Das entspricht zwar der heute herrschenden Meinung, ich möchte aber diesen Ansatz weiterentwickeln und die bislang uneinheitliche wettbewerbsrechtliche Anwendungspraxis von EuGH und Europäischer Kommission kritisch hinterfragen.
Der strafrechtliche Schutz vor industrieller Produktpiraterie im Lichte nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Vorgaben
Authors: Staffler Lukas 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag befasst sich mit strafrechtlichen Maßnahmen gegen industrielle Produktpiraterie am Beispiel der Rechtsordnung Italiens. Zunächst wird das Kriminalitätsphänomen der Produktund Markenpiraterie untersucht und insbesondere der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern Strafrecht zum Schutz geistigen Eigentums einzusetzen ist. Anschließend werden internationale und europäische Rechtsvorgaben zum nationalen Strafrecht dargelegt, bevor ein Überblick über das strafrechtliche Arsenal zum Schutz vor Marken- und Produktpiraterie der italienischen Rechtsordnung vorgestellt wird. Zum Schluss wird ein Ausblick auf mögliche Rechtsentwicklungen gegeben.