bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Scale Desalination and the External Impact on Irrigation‐Water Salinity: Economic Analysis for the Case of Israel
Authors: Slater Yehuda , Finkelshtain Israel , Reznik Ami , Kan Iddo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent agroeconomic studies in water‐scarce countries such as Spain, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Israel have revealed the economic viability of irrigating high‐value crops with desalinated water. However, the worldwide growth of large‐scale desalination capacities is primarily designed to resolve urban‐water scarcity, disregarding the impact of desalination on irrigation‐water salinity. We develop a dynamic hydroeconomic programming model where infrastructure capacities and allocations of water quantities and salinities in a regional water distribution network are endogenous. We show that subsidizing desalination is socially warranted because the associated reduction in irrigation‐water salinity is an external effect of water consumption by all water users. Empirical application to the entire state of Israel indicates that large‐scale desalination of seawater and treated wastewater for irrigation is optimal. This result stems from the large share of irrigation‐intensive salinity‐sensitive high‐value crops, motivated by Israel's policies to support local agriculture. Ignoring salinity results in a 45% reduction in desalinated irrigation water, a 29% reduction in farming profits, a 250% increase in water suppliers' profits, and an average deadweight loss of $1,200 a year per hectare of arable land.
Why Are There so Few Reports of High‐Energy Electron Drift Resonances? Role of Radial Phase Space Density Gradients
Authors: Hartinger M. D. , Reeves G. D. , Boyd A. , Henderson M. G. , Turner D. L. , Komar C. M. , Claudepierre S. G. , Mann I. R. , Breneman A. , Di Matteo S. , Zhang X.‐J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractModels of monochromatic Pc5 (2–7 mHz) ultralow frequency (ULF) wave interactions with high energy (greater than ∼1 MeV) electrons predict drift resonant interactions that can cause rapid radial transport and acceleration. There are few reports of electron drift resonance at energies greater than ∼1 MeV, in contrast to lower energies; moreover, all previous reports occur in the aftermath of interplanetary shocks. These two facts are difficult to reconcile with theory and numerical simulations predicting that greater than ∼1 MeV drift resonances should occur more often and in a wider variety of driving conditions. In this study, we show that a combination of observational sampling biases and nominal radial phase space density gradients is one explanation for this discrepancy between theory and observations. In particular, we examine electron dynamics in two case studies with very similar satellite coverage, solar wind conditions, and Pc5 wave properties, yet with different radial phase space density profiles. Using global wave and particle observations, we show that the events have vastly different particle responses despite having similar wave properties. Placing these results in context with past studies, we further show that nominal radial PSD gradients near geostationary orbit can mask the expected drift resonance particle response and explain (1) the small number of past greater than ∼1 MeV drift resonance reports and (2) the restriction of these reports to interplanetary shock events. We argue that future observational studies characterizing radial transport via drift resonance should examine global particle dynamics, including observations of the radial phase space density profile.
Equatorial North‐South Difference of Noontime Electron Density Bite‐Out in the F2 Layer
Authors: Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Zhang Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNoontime bite‐out (depletion) of NmF2 (peak electron density of the F2 layer) often occurs in the equatorial ionosphere; it is characterized by a noontime minimum sandwiched by a prenoon peak and a postnoon peak of NmF2. The fountain effect was suggested to be responsible for this abnormal diurnal variation pattern. Noontime bite‐out should occur not only at the dip equator but also concurrently at both equatorial north and south according to the fountain effect mechanism. In this study, ionosonde measurements in the equatorial ionization anomaly trough region were selected to investigate the climatology of noontime bite‐out. North‐south difference of noontime bite‐out was presented for the first time. Noontime bite‐out occurs near the dip equator in all months. However, NmF2 enhances continuously since early morning till late afternoon at equatorial north (south) in northern summer (winter) months; nevertheless, noontime bite‐out still occurs in other months. This cannot be understood only in terms of the fountain effect mechanism. We suggested the reason is seasonally dependent transequator plasma transport induced by neutral meridional winds. Transequator transport works since early morning to modulate NmF2 variation pattern in daytime. Plasma outflow induced by the transequator transport results in significant NmF2 depletion at equatorial north or south before the fountain effect induced bite‐out; thus, NmF2 prenoon peak is restrained and noontime bite‐out variation pattern is absent.
Subsidence‐Derived Volumetric Strain Models for Mapping Extensional Fissures and Constraining Rock Mechanical Properties in the San Joaquin Valley, California
Authors: Carlson Grace , Shirzaei Manoochehr , Ojha Chandrakanta , Werth Susanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale subsidence due to aquifer‐overdraft is an ongoing hazard in the San Joaquin Valley. Subsidence continues to cause damage to infrastructure and increases the risk of extensional fissures.Here, we use InSAR‐derived vertical land motion (VLM) to model the volumetric strain rate due to groundwater storage change during the 2007–2010 drought in the San Joaquin Valley, Central Valley, California. We then use this volumetric strain rate model to calculate surface tensile stress in order to predict regions that are at the highest risk for hazardous tensile surface fissures. We find a maximum volumetric strain rate of −232 microstrain/yr at a depth of 0 to 200 m in Tulare and Kings County, California. The highest risk of tensile fissure development occurs at the periphery of the largest subsiding zones, particularly in Tulare County and Merced County. Finally, we assume that subsidence is likely due to aquifer pressure change, which is calculated using groundwater level changes observed at 300 wells during this drought. We combine pressure data from selected wells with our volumetric strain maps to estimate the quasi‐static bulk modulus, K, a poroelastic parameter applicable when pressure change within the aquifer is inducing volumetric strain. This parameter is reflective of a slow deformation process and is one to two orders of magnitude lower than typical values for the bulk modulus found using seismic velocity data. The results of this study highlight the importance of large‐scale, high‐resolution VLM measurements in evaluating aquifer system dynamics, hazards associated with overdraft, and in estimating important poroelastic parameters.
A Semianalytical Method to Fast Delineate Seawater‐Freshwater Interface in Two‐Dimensional Heterogeneous Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Rathore Saubhagya Singh , Lu Chunhui , Luo Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe freshwater‐seawater interface is one of the most important regions in coastal aquifer systems, delineating the subsurface into zones with distinct fluid density and biogeochemical properties. Heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity is inherent to geological formations, resulting in distinct interface profiles. Currently available analytical solutions are limited to homogeneous and stratified aquifers, and numerical simulations of variable‐density flow and transport are the only option to characterize the interface in a two‐ or three‐dimensional heterogeneous aquifer. This study presents a novel semianalytical method to fast delineate the steady seawater‐freshwater interface in a two‐dimensional, confined, heterogeneous aquifer with a constant flux inland boundary and indistinct seepage face at the vertical coastal boundary. The heterogeneous domain is conceptualized as a series of thin columns of stratified aquifers with the horizontal flow in each of them. The proposed approach is based on the concept of local transmissivity parameters and shows high accuracy in the interface delineation. Leveraging the ability to delineate the interface rapidly along with the Monte Carlo approach, we numerically investigate the stochastic behavior of the interface profile. The uncertainty in seawater intrusion is heavily influenced by the degree of heterogeneity and weakly influenced by the scale of heterogeneity. To homogenize the aquifer, we found that geometric mean generally underestimates the seawater intrusion and cannot be used as an effective parameter. We also showed that the near‐coast, near‐top region of the aquifer is the most influential region and should be characterized at a higher resolution to reduce uncertainties in estimating seawater intrusion.
Gynura divaricata exerts hypoglycemic effects by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Wenjun , Lu Zhongxia , Wang Xin , Cheung Man Hei , Lin Meiai , Li Changyu , Dong Yu , Liang Chun , Chen Yitao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to examine the anti-diabetic effects ofGynura divaricata(GD) and the underlying mechanism.MethodsInformation about the chemical compositions of GD was obtained from extensive literature reports. Potential target genes were predicted using PharmMapper and analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). To validate the results from bioinformatics analyses, an aqueous extract of GD was administered to type 2 diabetic rats established by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet followed by STZ injection. Key proteins of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway were investigated by immunoblotting.ResultsThe blood glucose of the rats in the GD treatment group was significantly reduced compared with the model group without treatment. GD also showed activities in reducing the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CREA). The levels of urine sugar (U-GLU) and urine creatinine (U-CREA) were also lowered after treatment with GD. Bioinformatics analysis showed that some pathways including metabolic pathways, insulin resistance, insulin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, bile secretion, purine metabolism, etc. may be regulated by GD. Furthermore, GD significantly increased the protein expression levels of PKM1/2, p-AKT, PI3K p85, and GLUT4 in the rat liver. In addition, the expression levels of key proteins in the fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway including AMPK, p-AMPK, PPARα, and CPT1α were significantly upregulated. The anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2/BAX expression ratio in rats was significantly upregulated after GD intervention. These results were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results.ConclusionsOur study suggests that GD can exert hypoglycemic effects in vivo by regulating the genes at the key nodes of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway.
New preclinical models for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: filling the GAP
Authors: Mhaidly Rana , Krug Adrien , Gaulard Philippe , Lemonnier François , Ricci Jean-Ehrland , Verhoeyen Els 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMouse models are essential to study and comprehend normal and malignant hematopoiesis. The ideal preclinical model should mimic closely the human malignancy. This means that these mice should recapitulate the clinical behavior of the human diseases such as cancer and therapeutic responses with high reproducibility. In addition, the genetic mutational status, the cell phenotype, the microenvironment of the tumor and the time until tumor development occurs, should be mimicked in a preclinical model. This has been particularly challenging for human angioimmunoblastic lymphoma (AITL), one of the most prominent forms of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. A complex network of interactions between AITL tumor cells and the various cells of the tumor microenvironment has impeded the study of AITL pathogenesis in vitro. Very recently, new mouse models that recapitulate faithfully the major features of human AITL disease have been developed. Here, we provide a summary of the pathology, the transcriptional profile and genetic and immune-phenotypic features of human AITL. In addition, we give an overview of preclinical models that recapitulate more or less faithfully human AITL characteristics and pathology. These recently engineered mouse models were essential in the evaluation of novel therapeutic agents for possible treatment of AITL, a malignancy in urgent need of new treatment options.
Maternal immune conditions are increased in males with autism spectrum disorders and are associated with behavioural and emotional but not cognitive co-morbidity
Authors: Patel Shrujna , Dale Russell C. , Rose Destanie , Heath Brianna , Nordahl Christine W. , Rogers Sally , Guastella Adam J. , Ashwood Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEpidemiological and animal research shows that maternal immune activation increases the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. Emerging evidence suggests that maternal immune conditions may play a role in the phenotypic expression of neurodevelopmental difficulties in children with ASD and this may be moderated by offspring sex. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal immune conditions were associated with increased severity of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with ASD. Maternal immune conditions were examined as predictors of ASD severity, behavioural and emotional well-being, and cognitive functioning in a cohort of 363 children with ASD (n = 363; 252 males, 111 females; median age 3.07 [interquartile range 2.64–3.36 years]). We also explored whether these outcomes varied between male and female children. Results showed that maternal asthma was the most common immune condition reported in mothers of children with ASD. A history of maternal immune conditions (p = 0.009) was more common in male children with ASD, compared to female children. Maternal immune conditions were associated with increased behavioural and emotional problems in male and female children. By contrast, maternal immune conditions were not associated with decreased cognitive function. The findings demonstrate that MIA may influence the expression of symptoms in children with ASD and outcomes may vary between males and females.
MiR-93 suppresses tumorigenesis and enhances chemosensitivity of breast cancer via dual targeting E2F1 and CCND1
Authors: Bao Chang , Chen Jishun , Chen Danni , Lu Yunkun , Lou Weiyang , Ding Bisha , Xu Liang , Fan Weimin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChemoresistance of tumors often leads to treatment failure in clinical practice, which underscores pivotal needs to uncover novel therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidences show that microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely involved in carcinogenesis, but their function on chemoresistance remains largely unexplored. In this study, we found that miR-93-5p (miR-93) significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced G1/S cell cycle arrest and increased chemosensitivity to paclitaxel (PTX) in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, two well-established oncogenes, E2F1 and CCND1, were identified as dual targets of miR-93. Knockdown of E2F1 and CCND1 reduced cell proliferation and PTX-sensitivity, whereas overexpression of them had the opposite effect. More importantly, overexpression of E2F1 and CCND1 antagonized miR-93-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Further mechanistic study revealed that miR-93 exhibited its inhibitory role by directly targeting E2F1 and CCND1 to inactivate pRB/E2F1 pathway and AKT phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings suggested that miR-93 greatly improved chemosensitivity and potentially served as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase binds dynein light chain roadblock 1 and promotes protein aggregate clearance
Authors: Ripon Md. Kamal Hossain , Lee HyunSook , Dash Raju , Choi Ho Jin , Oktaviani Diyah Fatimah , Moon Il Soo , Haque Md. Nazmul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) result from a failure to clear toxic protein aggregates rather than from their generation. We previously showedN-acetylglucosamine kinase (NAGK) promotes dynein functionality and suggested this might promote aggregate removal and effectively address proteinopathies. Here, we report NAGK interacts with dynein light chain roadblock type 1 (DYNLRB1) and efficiently suppresses mutant huntingtin (mHtt) (Q74) and α-synuclein (α-syn) A53T aggregation in mouse brain cells. A kinase-inactive NAGKD107Aalso efficiently cleared Q74 aggregates. Yeast two-hybrid selection and in silico protein–protein docking analysis showed the small domain of NAGK (NAGK-DS) binds to the C-terminal of DYNLRB1. Furthermore, a small peptide derived from NAGK-DSinterfered with Q74 clearance. We propose binding of NAGK-DSto DYNLRB1 ‘pushes up’ the tail of dynein light chain and confers momentum for inactive phi- to active open-dynein transition.
Circular noncoding RNA circMBOAT2 is a novel tumor marker and regulates proliferation/migration by sponging miR-519d-3p in colorectal cancer
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Sun Guorui , He Qingsi , Wang Chao , Shi Jingbo , Gao Lei , Ye Jianhong , Liang Yahang , Qu Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. However, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, accounting for poor overall survival. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of noncoding RNAs discovered many years ago. Only recently have they been re-evaluated for their important roles in the regulation of gene expression. Studies have confirmed that circRNAs have important biological functions in a variety of malignant tumors. This study aimed to characterize one circRNA derived from the MBOAT2 gene and termed it circMBOAT2, which has been reported to promote prostate cancer progression. CircMBOAT2 is highly expressed in both CRC tissues and serum samples, and has a correlation with tumor stage. The receiver-operating characteristic curves suggested that circMBOAT2 acted as a novel diagnostic tumor marker in CRC. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the levels of circMBOAT2 in tissues were independent prognostic markers of CRC. Further functional studies revealed that circMBOAT2 served as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge of miR-519d-3p and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. Also, circMBOAT2 regulated cell proliferation and migration by competitively binding to miR-519d-3p and targeting troponin-associated protein (TROAP) in CRC cells. These results suggested that circMBOAT2 might be a novel potential biomarker of CRC.
FBX8 promotes metastatic dormancy of colorectal cancer in liver
Authors: Zhu Xiaohui , Wang Feifei , Wu Xuehui , Li Zhou , Wang Zhizhi , Ren Xiaoli , Zhou Yangshu , Song Fuyao , Liang Yunshi , Zeng Zhicheng , Liao Wangjun , Ding Yanqing , Liao Wenting , Liang Li 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatients with colorectal cancer (CRC) often develop malignant regrowth of metastatic dormant tumor cells in liver years after primary treatment. FBX8 is involved in suppressing tumor metastasis. Short-term chemotherapy experiments and liver metastasis mice model of orthotopic injection into the cecum were performed to construct the dormant models. GST-pull-down assay, Co-IP and immunofluorescence were used to confirm the bindings among FBX8 and its substrates. FBX8 upregulated the expression of epithelial and stemness markers, while downregulated the expression of mesenchymal and proliferative markers associated with tumor cell dormancy. FBX8 promoted the maintenance of metastatic dormancy of CRC cells. Mechanistically, FBX8 directly bound to HIF-1α, CDK4 and C-myc through its Sec7 domain and led to the ubiquitin degradation of these proteins, thereby inhibiting cell cycle progression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Clinically, FBX8 expression was negatively correlated with the HIF-1α, CDK4, and c-Myc in CRC tissues. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of FBX8 in regulating tumor metastatic dormancy in liver and provides new strategies for the treatment of CRC metastasis.
XJB-5-131 inhibited ferroptosis in tubular epithelial cells after ischemia−reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Wu Jianliang , Xu Huzi , Zhou Cheng , Han Bicui , Zhu Han , Hu Zhizhi , Ma Zhimei , Ming Zhangyin , Yao Ying , Zeng Rui , Xu Gang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRegulated necrosis has been reported to exert an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and subsequent cell death initiate the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD). We found that ferroptosis appeared in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) of various human kidney diseases and the upregulation of tubular proferroptotic gene ACSL4 was correlated with renal function in patients with acute kidney tubular injury. XJB-5-131, which showed high affinity for TECs, attenuated I/R-induced renal injury and inflammation in mice by specifically inhibiting ferroptosis rather than necroptosis and pyroptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) indicated that ferroptosis-related genes were mainly expressed in tubular epithelial cells after I/R injury, while few necroptosis- and pyroptosis-associated genes were identified to express in this cluster of cell. Taken together, ferroptosis plays an important role in renal tubular injury and the inhibition of ferroptosis by XJB-5-131 is a promising therapeutic strategy for protection against renal tubular cell injury in kidney diseases.