bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of Health Education Delivery to the Parents and Caregivers on Preventing Childhood Injuries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Halim Siti Hafsah Abdul , MZ Nor Afiah , Ahmad Norliza , HS Minhat 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Unintentional injuries to children have significant impact on child mortality and mortality. Health education is one of the important strategies in the childhood injury prevention which involve various methods and techniques. The aim of the review is to provide narrative findings of systematic review of different methods of delivery for health education intervention to reduce unintentional childhood injuries among parents and caregivers in primary care setting. Methods: The systematic review was guided by PRISMA guidelines. The searched databases included Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest and Ovid. All report titles and abstracts were screened using pre-defined criteria. Peer-reviewed journal and grey literature published from 1 January 2010 to 31 May 2020 were included. Two independent reviewers select studies, extracted data, checked accuracy, assessed risk of bias and assessed the quality of each article selected. Articles were included if they were peer-reviewed and published in English language. Data was extracted and analysed using narrative synthesis approach. Results: 325 articles were identified during initial search strategy. Duplicates were removed and article were screened by title and abstract. Final eight articles were selected and reviewed. Risk of bias for each study were assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The systematic review synthesized the characteristics of the selected studies and features of delivery methods of health education intervention. All the reviewed paper concluded their intervention was effective in achieving their objectives which is improving the knowledge, attitude, and safety practice for injury prevention. Majority of the intervention supplemented their education intervention with printed materials such as pamphlets and booklets. Half of the intervention were delivered by healthcare professionals. This review provides fresh narrative evidence on the latest delivery methods for health education in injury prevention to the parents and caregivers. Conclusion: Majority of the studies reported using a combination of various methods of delivery in their intervention and proven to be effective. However, there is a gap in term of use of technology and economic evaluation of each methods that can be addressed in future research and practice. Study registration: The study was registered with PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (CRD:42020202753).
Evaluating Groundwater Quality for Sustainable Drinking and Irrigation Purposes and Assessing Nitrate Risks on Human Health in Rural Areas
Authors: Ahmed Salwa Hadi , Abed Mahmood F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Groundwater quality has specific importance for domestic, agricultural, and drinking water supply. Therefore, the objective of the current paper is to investigate groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes, as well as studying health hazard effects of nitrate-containing groundwater on age groups living in rural areas. Two water quality indices were used for checking groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. For drinking water quality index (DWQI), 88% of groundwater wells were poor water, whereas 12% were good water for drinking. The values of irrigation water quality index (IWQI) showed that the suitability of groundwater for irrigation uses was ranged from high to medium. In addition, this paper also included a risk assessment of nitrate-containing groundwater on rural resident's health. calculating oral hazard quotient (HQoral) for nitrates showed that 94% of the groundwater wells of the study area were less than 1, indicating no adverse health hazards on infants and children, whereas 6% of total wells were above 1, suggesting there are health risks. Regarding health effects on adults, all HQoral values were less than 1, indicating no adverse health hazards. The Hazard Quotient via dermal contact (HQdermal) for nitrates was much less than the safety factor 1, indicating no health hazards on age groups via bathing.
In Situ Measurement of Airborne Particle Concentration in a Real Dental Office: Implications for Disease Transmission
Authors: Razavi Maryam , Butt Zahid , Chen Helen , Tan Zhongchao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aerosols generated during dental procedures are one of the most significant routes for infection transmission and are particularly relevant now in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the mechanisms of dental aerosol dispersion in dental offices and provide recommendations to minimize infection transmission in dental offices. The spread and removal of aerosol particles generated from a specific dental operation in a dental office are quantified for a single dental activity in the area near to the generation and corner of the office. The effects of the air purifier, door condition, and particle sizes on the spread and removal of particles were investigated. The results will help to develop technologies for the proper control of aerosols and splatters generated during the dental procedures. The results show that in the worst-case scenario it takes 95 min for 0.5 𝜇m particles to settle and that it takes a shorter time for the larger particles. The air purifier expedited the removal time at least 6.3 times faster than the case with no air purifier in the generation zone. Our results also indicate that particles may be transported from the source to the rest of the room, even when the particle concentrations in the generation zone dropped back to the background. Our findings have important implications for infection transmission in indoor spaces such as healthcare settings.
Glenoid Bone Grafting Procedures in the Treatment of Anterior Shoulder Instability With Bone Defect: When to Indicate? Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Lara Paulo Henrique Schmidt , Ribeiro Leandro Masini , Pochini Alberto de Castro , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , Belangero Paulo Santoro , Ejnisman Benno 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder is a frequent event, especially in young athletes. Several management techniques have been proposed for this condition. The objectives of these procedures are to re-establish a stable and functional shoulder and to prevent the development of osteoarthritis. It is well known in the literature that a bone loss greater than 20% to 25% leads to a higher rate of recurrence and worse prognosis regarding the evolution of anterior shoulder instability, often requiring glenoid bone grafting procedures. Previous studies evaluated the recurrence and complications associated with these procedures; however, there are various clinical and radiological indications, and no study systematically evaluated these indications, which are associated with better clinical outcomes and lower rates of complications. This paper outlines the protocol for a systematic review intended to summarise the best available clinical evidence and will indicate what further research requires.Methods: An electronic search will be conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases. Clinical studies of glenoid bone grafting procedures have been indicated for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability, evaluating which indications are related to a better functional result for the patient. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Downs and Black checklist for observational studies and the Cochrane Collaboration tool for randomised controlled trials.Discussion: This systematic review will summarise the clinical and radiological indications for glenoid bone grafting procedures, revealing those related to better outcomes. The findings from this review will establish the quality of currently available evidence, thereby determining the need for further studies to establish the best indications for these procedures.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020210462
Nursing in Intensive Care Unit: Exploring Factors Related to Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Yin Yanling , Sun Meirong , Li Zhe , Bu Jingjing , Chen Yuhong , Zhang Kun , Hu Zhenjie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:Most patients hospitalized intensive care units require mechanical ventilation.Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common and severe complication of mechanical ventilation.Nursing factors are closely related to the incidence of this type of pneumonia.Objectives:To explore nursing risk factors associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP ).Committing to provide the basis for future nursing training and quality control for technical offices.Methods:Through the quality control platform of Hebei province, questionnaires were sent to the intensive care nurses in 37 tertiary hospitals(5 hospitals were excluded due to incomplete information) in Hebei province,China, to collect the incidence of VAP and the nursing status of them from January to December 2019. All date was analyzed using an independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.Resluts:Two central themes were derived from the data analysis:Nurse human resources and standard of nursing practice.The incidence of VAP was higher when the proportion of nurses working less than five years and the number of nurses working night shifts increased(P = 0.000). The incidence of VAP was lower when the sputum suction tube radius was smaller and the selected oral care solution had disinfection effect(P = 0.000).Conclusions:The incidence of VAP is closely related to nursing factors.Choose different thickness of sputum suction tube and oral nursing liquid will lead to different outcomes.In addition, different nursing staff structure and scheduling mode will directly affect the incidence of VAP.Therefore, we should continue to standardize and unify nursing operation, and optimize nursing staff structure and scheduling mode.
Anti-Ro/SAA&nbsp;Autoantibodies Might Represent the Antineuronal Antibodies Responsible for Cerebellar Degeneration in Sjögren's Syndrome&nbsp;
Authors: Tetsuka Syuichi , Suzuki Tomohiro , Ogawa Tomoko , Hashimoto Ritsuo , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Neurologic disorders are one of the most common extraglandular manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS). Central neurologic symptoms can appear in about 5% of patients with SjS. However, only a few reports of cerebellar degeneration have been reported, and the clinical features and pathologic mechanisms of cerebellar degeneration associated with SjS are unclear.Patients and methods: We recently treated cerebellar degeneration in a patient with SjS. We analyzed the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to detect anti-Ro/anti-SjS-related antigen A (SSA) and anti-La/anti-SjS-related antigen B (SSB) antibodies. We also searched the literature for previous case reports on SjS to evaluate the characteristics of cerebellar degeneration in patients with SjS and examined whether the Ro/SSA (Ro52/tripartite motif protein [TRIM]21) protein was expressed in murine cerebellum using immunohistochemistry.Results: Although all patients were positive for anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, some patients were negative for anti-La/SSB antibodies. Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies were observed in both serum and CSF. Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies were negative in the CSF of SjS patients without central nervous system involvement. Cerebellar atrophy was observed, and sequelae remained in the majority of the patients. Autopsy findings indicated a selective loss of Purkinje cells. Ro52/TRIM21 expression was detected throughout murine brains, including the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. High Ro52/TRIM21 expression was observed in Purkinje cells.Conclusions: We described the characteristics of cerebellar degeneration in patients with SjS and Ro52/TRIM21 expression in Purkinje cells of murine cerebellar tissue sections. Thus, these outcomes indicated that anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies were likely responsible for cerebellar degeneration in SjS.
Promising Anticancer Activity of [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II)] Alone and in Combination
Authors: Alam Md. Nur , Moni Mohammad , Yu Jun , Beale Philip , Turner Peter , Proschogo Nick , Rahman Mohammad , Huq Fazlul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to similar coordination chemistry of palladium and platinum, a large number of palladium compounds too have been investigated for their anticancer activity. In the present study we describe synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of palladium complex [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II)], coded as NH3 against seven different cancer cell lines. NH3 is found to have higher antitumour activity than cisplatin against both parent ovarian A2780 cell line and cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Also, NH3 has the lowest IC50 value against HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. The higher antitumour activity of NH3 is due to the presence of bulky 8-hydroxy-quinoline ligand thus reducing its reactivity. Proteomic study has identified significantly expressed proteins which have been validated through bioinformatics. NH3 has been found to be less toxic than cisplatin at 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg dosages on mice models. Binary combinations of NH3 with curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have demonstrated dose and sequence dependent synergism in ovarian and colorectal cancer models. All of the preclinical studies indicate promising therapeutic potentiality of NH3 [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II) ] as an anticancer drug.
First Record of Traumatic Myiasis Obtained From Forest Musk Deer (Moschus Berezovskii) Using DNA&nbsp;Barcoding
Authors: Gao Yunyun , Fu Yajun , Yan Liping , Hu Defu , Jiang Benmo , Zhang Dong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Myiasis is a common disease occurring in humans and livestock all over the world. It is closely related to human society and of great significance to animal husbandry, forensic science, and medicine. Myiasis is known to occur in wild animals, while no information is reported in forest musk deer. On July 6, 2019, we found severe traumatic myiasis of an injured forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) (Flerov, 1929), infected by lots of maggots and clusters of eggs. However, the precise identification of the larvae that we collected was difficult with few specific morphology characteristics.Methods: DNA barcoding is an efficient technique for species diagnosis, therefore is employed to identify the samples collected from the infected forest musk deer. Firstly, we extracted genomic DNA from one larva and one egg respectively. The cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene barcoding region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bidirectionally sequenced by Sanger sequencing. The sequences were searched for similarity using BLAST and the best hits were Lucilia. To identify these blowflies accurately, these newly generated sequences were subsequently analyzed with COI sequences of Lucilia and Calliphora downloaded from GenBank, to calculate nucleotide divergence, and to construct a neighbor-joining tree.Results: Our results suggest that nucleotide divergence between the two samples is 0.0033cM, between two samples and Lucilia caesar (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Linnaeus, 1758) is 0.0016–0.0050cM. Furthermore, the NJ tree construction indicates that the flies collected from the musk deer are Lucilia caesar.Conclusions: Our results indicate that DNA barcoding can successfully identify pathogenic species. As far as the authors know, this is the first time that myiasis is detected in forest musk deer caused by a traumatic infection in China. The affected individual was clinically treated immediately and apparently recovered.
Contact Analysis and Static Load Carrying Capacity of Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism
Authors: Kim Nam Su , Kim Kyongho , Jong Sinhyok 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the contact characteristics and static load carrying capacity of planetary roller screw mechanism (PRSM). Compared to the ball screw mechanism, the advantages of the PRSM are high stiffness, high load capacity, long travel life and compact structure, etc., since the PRSM possesses more contact points than ball screws in a comparable size. The actuated load is carried through the threaded surface contacts of the screw, the rollers and the nut and the contact characteristics of these components are very important for studying the wear, transmission accuracy and efficiency of a PRSM. Prior work has neglected to take a fundamental approach towards understanding the elastic-plastic contact characteristics of threaded surfaces under high loads and it is closely related to the static load carrying capacity of PRSM. Accordingly, in this paper, the contact characteristics of PRSM under the different working loads are modeled based on Hertz contact theory and the calculation formulas between normal force of thread turns and the elastic-plastic contact stress and deformation are derived. Then, it goes further to derive a calculation method of static load carrying capacity of PRSM based on simplified model of static load distribution. Finally, a verification model is developed by finite element method (FEM) to perform contact stress and strain analysis of PRSM. Besides, through the comparison of the results between the theory model and ANSYS Workbench finite element model verify the reliability of the theory.
Safety aid elimination as a brief, preventative intervention for social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial in university students
Authors: Arai Honami , Ishikawa Shin-ichi , Okawa Sho , Kishida Kohei , Korte Kristina Jo , Schmidt Norman Brad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough there are a variety of treatment options for social anxiety, effective prevention strategies for those with subclinical social anxiety are limited. This study evaluated a single session group formatted prevention program focused on the reduction of safety behaviors in both a proof-of-concept study and a randomized controlled trial (RCT). MethodsParticipants (N = 59) were nontreatment seeking Japanese students with high levels of social anxiety. Participants were randomized to either an active treatment focused on identification and elimination of safety behavior or a control group involving the discussion of healthy coping strategies. Both conditions met for 120 minutes in small groups (4 to 6 participants per group). The preliminary proof-of-concept study as well as the RCT demonstrated high levels of acceptability. ResultsFindings from the RCT indicated significant improvement in social anxiety symptoms compared to HEAL group among those in the active treatment condition at post-treatment, which was maintained at follow-up. In addition, participants in the treatment condition showed significant improvement in depression. The effect size difference in symptoms between conditions was in the large range. ConclusionsThe present study provides preliminary support for the efficacy of a newly developed treatment program targeting safety behaviors in students with subclinical social anxiety. The present results also illustrate the promise of a brief, indicated prevention strategy focused on safety behavior among those with subclinical social anxiety.
Evaluating the Long-Term Impact of a Capacity Building Program for Displaced Community Health Workers in Fragile Settings in Lebanon on Women’s Health
Authors: Naal Hady , Mendelsohn Rebecca , Brome Dayana , Noubani Aya , Nabulsi Dana , Muhieddine Dina , Saleh Shadi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Displaced populations in fragile settings such as Syrian refugees and host community members in Lebanon, experience a multitude of health disparities that are seldom attended to. Task-shifting, which involves training non-specialized community health workers (CHW) to deliver basic education and health services is a favorable strategy to address this problem, however very little data exists on this topic in the Middle East region. We conducted a long-term evaluation of the Women’s Health Certificate delivered to two cohorts in informal tented settlements in Lebanon under the Mobile University for Health (MUH) program.Methods: We collected short-term data from the n=42 trained CHW (knowledge assessments and satisfaction measures) during the delivery of the intervention between March and August 2019, and long-term data (semi-structured interviews with n=8 CHW and focus group discussion with n=9 randomly selected community members) one year later between July and August 2020. The evaluation approach was informed by the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, and the qualitative data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Data from the CHWs and community members were triangulated, and they showed that the training enhanced access to education due to its mobile nature and provided opportunities for CHWs to engage and interact with learning material that enhanced their knowledge and favorable behaviors regarding women’s health. In turn, CHWs were empowered to play an active role in their communities to transfer the knowledge they gained through educating community members and providing women’s health services and referrals. Community members benefited from the CHWs and called for the implementation of more similar training programs. Conclusion: This is one of few studies reporting a long-term community-level evaluation of a task-shifting program on women’s health among displaced populations in Lebanon. Our findings support the need to increase funding for similar programs, and to focus on delivering programs for a variety of health topics. It is also essential to enhance the reach and length of recruitment to wider communities, to design concise, interactive, and engaging sessions, and to provide tools to facilitate circulation of learning material, and resources for referrals to health services.
Crispr-cas 12a combination to alleviate the false-positive in loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based diagnosis of Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Trung Ngo Tat , Son Le Huu Phuc , Hien Trinh Xuan , Quyen Dao Thanh , Bang Mai Hong , Song Le Huu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Loop mediated Isothermal amplicafication (LAMP) was recently suggested as a diagnostic tool for the identification of Neisseria meningitides. Howevere, this isothermal amplification is challenged by the fact its amplification leads to risks of obtaining false-positive results. Whereas, with abilities to accurately recognize specific sequence, the CRISPR/Cas12a can forms complexes with cognate RNA sensors and cleave pathogen’s DNA targets complimerntary to its cognate RNA and acquires collateral activity to unbiasedly cut nearby off-target fragments. Therefore, if relevant fluorescent-quencher-nucleic probes are present in the reaction, the non-specific cleavage of probes releases fluorescences and establish diagnostic read-outs. In this study, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept that in relevant biochemical conditions, CRISPR/Cas12a and LAMP can work synchronously to identify genetics materials of Nesseria menitigistis at the level of 0.00004% in less than 2 h. Additionally, our clinical data also showed that the combinatory of CRISPR/Cas12a help to alleviate false positive result therefore enhance the specificity gained by the LAMP assays.