bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preference for supernormal stimuli tends to override initially learned associations for conspicuous prey traits: implications from a laboratory study
Authors: Outomuro David , Urhan A. Utku , Brodin Anders , Johansson Frank 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow predators select on conspicuous prey traits is not well understood. We used a laboratory setup to investigate the role of learning in predator choice of conspicuous visual traits. We used a generalist predator, the great tit, and coloured wings of males of two species of damselflies as prey. Wing pigmentation differs between the species in colour (green vs. blue) and size (large vs. small). Wing pigmentation is a sexually selected trait that experiences negative selection by avian predators. Inexperienced great tits showed no preference for the colour or the size of wing pigmentation. Great tits were then repeatedly exposed to rewarded wings with either large or small wing patch size. When these experienced birds were exposed to both wing patch sizes for the first time, they tended to prefer the wings with the large patch, irrespective of their previous experience. Our results suggest that the choice of the predator was based on an initial association of the trait to a reward followed by a preference for a supernormal stimulus, probably due to a larger sensory stimulation. We discuss the implications of our laboratory results in the light of previous estimates of damselfly predation risk under field conditions.
Inkjet printing of paraffin on paper allows
low-cost point-of-care diagnostics for pathogenic fungi
Authors: Prabhu Anusha , Giri Nandagopal M. S. , Peralam Yegneswaran Prakash , Singhal Hardik Ramesh , Mani Naresh Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a high resolution, ultra-frugal printing of paper microfluidic
devices using in-house paraffin formulation on a simple filter paper. The patterns
printed using an office inkjet printer formed a selective hydrophobic barrier of
4 ± 1 µm thickness with a hydrophilic channel width of 275 µm. These printed patterns
effectively confine common aqueous solutions and solvents, which was verified by solvent
compatibility studies. SEM analysis reveals that the solvent confinement is due to pore
blockage in the filter paper. The fabricated paper-based device was validated for
qualitative assessment of Candida albicans
(pathogenic fungi) by using a combination of L-proline β-naphthylamide as the substrate
and cinnamaldehyde as an indicator. Our studies reveal that the pathogenic fungi can be
detected within 10 min with the limit of detection (LOD) of
0.86 × 106 cfu/mL. Owing to its simplicity, this facile
method shows high potential and can be scaled up for developing robust paper-based
devices for biomarker detection in resource-limited settings.
Graphic abstract
Advillin is a tuft cell marker in the mouse alimentary tract
Authors: Ruppert Anna-Lena , Keshavarz Maryam , Winterberg Sarah , Oberwinkler Johannes , Kummer Wolfgang , Schütz Burkhard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTuft cells are a rare population of chemosensory cells at the mucosal surface epithelia of hollow organs. Their name-giving morphological feature is an apical tuft of stiff microvilli. Accordingly, the actin-binding protein, villin, was identified as one of the first tuft cell markers in immunohistochemical analysis. Unfortunately, villin expression is not restricted to tuft cells, but is also prominent e.g. in enterocytes, which limits the use of this gene as a marker and as an experimental tool to genetically target tuft cells. Here, we report that the villin-related protein, advillin, is a specific tuft cell marker in the gastro-intestinal and biliary tract epithelia. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that advillin expression, unlike villin, was restricted to solitary cholinergic tuft cells in the mucosal linings of the small and large intestine, and in the gall bladder. In the glandular stomach, villin and advillin mRNA were present in all epithelial cells, while detectable protein levels were confined to solitary tuft cells. Advillin expression was no longer detectable in the mucosa of the intestinal and biliary tract from Pou2f3 deficient mice that lack tuft cells. Finally, crossing Avil-Cre transgenic mice with a double-fluorescent reporter mouse line resulted in specific targeting of gastro-intestinal and biliary tuft cells. Our analysis introduces advillin as a selective marker and tool in histological and functional analysis of the alimentary tract tuft cell system.
Survival of the Halophilic Archaeon Halovarius luteus after Desiccation, Simulated Martian UV Radiation and Vacuum in Comparison to Bacillus atrophaeus
Authors: Feshangsaz Niloofar , Semsarha Farid , Tackallou Saeed Hesami , Nazmi Kamran , Monaghan Euan P. , Riedo Andreas , van Loon Jack J. W. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExtraterrestrial environments influence the biochemistry of organisms through a variety of factors, including high levels of radiation and vacuum, temperature extremes and a lack of water and nutrients. A wide variety of terrestrial microorganisms, including those counted amongst the most ancient inhabitants of Earth, can cope with high levels of salinity, extreme temperatures, desiccation and high levels of radiation. Key among these are the haloarchaea, considered particularly relevant for astrobiological studies due to their ability to thrive in hypersaline environments. In this study, a novel haloarchaea isolated from Urmia Salt Lake, Iran, Halovarius luteus strain DA50T, was exposed to varying levels of simulated extraterrestrial conditions and compared to that of the bacteria Bacillus atrophaeus. Bacillus atrophaeus was selected for comparison due to its well-described resistance to extreme conditions and its ability to produce strong spore structures. Thin films were produced to investigate viability without the protective influence of cell multi-layers. Late exponential phase cultures of Hvr. luteus and B. atrophaeus were placed in brine and phosphate buffered saline media, respectively. The solutions were allowed to evaporate and cells were encapsulated and exposed to radiation, desiccation and vacuum conditions, and their post-exposure viability was studied by the Most Probable Number method. The protein profile using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization bench top reflector time-of-flight are explored after vacuum and UV-radiation exposure. Results showed that the change in viability of the spore-forming bacteria B. atrophaeus was only minor whereas Hvr. luteus demonstrated a range of viability under different conditions. At the peak radiation flux of 105 J/m2 under nitrogen flow and after two weeks of desiccation, Hvr. luteus demonstrated the greatest decrease in viability. This study further expands our understanding of the boundary conditions of astrobiologically relevant organisms in the harsh space environment.
Sensitivity to meaningful regularities acquired through experience
Authors: Ulicheva Anastasia , Marelli Marco , Rastle Kathleen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnglish spelling provides multiple cues to word meaning, and these cues are readily exploited by skilled readers. In two crowdsourcing studies, we tested skilled readers’ sensitivity to a large number of morphological as well as nonmorphological orthographic cues by asking them to classify nonwords as adjectives or nouns. We observed a substantial variability across individuals and orthographic cues. In this paper, we discuss some sources of this variation. Specifically, we found consistent correlations between readers’ sensitivity to cues and their performance on language tasks (reading, spelling, and author recognition tests) suggesting that reading experience is critical for assimilating spelling-to-meaning regularity from written language. Further, we identified characteristics that may be important for the learning and exploitation of orthographic cues that are related to the nature of their function and use in context.
The political economy of multilateral lending to European regions
Authors: Asatryan Zareh , Havlik Annika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the political economy of allocation decisions within a major state investment bank. Our focus is the European Investment Bank (EIB) – “The Bank of the EU” – which is the largest multilateral lending (and borrowing) institution in the world. We study the behavior of about 500 national representatives at the EIB’s Board of Directors – the bank’s decisive body for loan approvals – and show that a representative’s appointment increases the probability that the sub-national region where she works receives a loan by about 17 percentage points. This “home-bias” effect is driven by large loans financing infrastructure projects. We discuss several pieces of evidence, which are consistent with the hypothesis that this home-bias lending may be due to favoritism, however, we cannot conclusively demonstrate this case of resource misallocation.
Stapling Through a Bougie During Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Superobese Patient—a Video Vignette
Authors: Bichler Christoph , Jedamzik Julia , Felsenreich Daniel M. , Langer Felix B. , Eilenberg Magdalena , Vock Natalie , Steinlechner Katharina , Eichelter Jakob , Gensthaler Lisa , Prager Gerhard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Bariatric-metabolic surgery in superobese patients (BMI > 50 kg/m2) is very challenging indeed with little room for error. In many cases, a two-step procedure is required, since more complex primary bariatric procedures can be technically demanding and bearing a relevant risk for the patient. At our institution, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the preferred primary procedure, followed by a conversion to either SADI-S or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) after initial weight loss is achieved [1, 2]. This video aims at demonstrating the conversion from primary SG to RYGB due to an adverse event in a 45-year-old superobese female patient (weight, 170 kg; BMI, 73 kg/m2).

Methods
An intraoperative laparoscopic video has been anonymized and edited to demonstrate the course of the operation on the patient mentioned above.

Results
The start of the procedure was uneventful. After a successful mobilization of the greater curvature, the stomach was resected with an electronic stapling device guided by a firm 36-french bougie (Rüsch, Germany) towards the angle of His. Due to a limited view, a stapler was placed over the bougie, which resulted in the stomach being subtotally transected, the staples attaching the bougie to the sleeve about 5 cm from the gastroesophageal junction. Salvage surgery after removing the remnants of the bougie was a conversion to RYGB.

Conclusion
When performing a bariatric-metabolic surgery in superobese patients, an extended skill level is required to provide a solution, should anything go wrong. Therefore, we suggest bariatric-metabolic surgery in superobese patients to be performed solely and specifically at high-volume centres.
The recolonisation of volcanically disturbed Eocene habitats of Central Europe: the maar lakes of Messel and Offenthal (SW Germany) compared
Authors: Moshayedi Maryam , Lenz Olaf K. , Wilde Volker , Hinderer Matthias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo reconstruct the palaeoenvironment and changes within the vegetation, 68 core samples were analysed palynologically from the lacustrine filling of the Eocene maar lake of Offenthal (Hesse, SW Germany). The lacustrine succession includes 16 m of clastic sediments overlain by 13 m of finely laminated bituminous shale. Based on a revised 40Ar/39Ar age of ~ 47.8 ± 0.3 Ma, the lacustrine filling at Offenthal can be dated as uppermost lower Eocene to lowermost middle Eocene which is almost coeval to part of the nearby lacustrine succession at Messel. Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses of well-preserved palynomorph assemblages reveal successional stages during the recolonisation of the maar lake and its surroundings which are related to lithological changes. Furthermore, the palynomorph assemblages from Offenthal are compared with assemblages from Messel by NMDS analysis to find similarities and differences during the recolonisation of volcanically disturbed habitats in Central Europe during Paleogene greenhouse conditions. Based on the similar succession in the vegetation at both lakes, four different phases can be distinguished during recolonisation and reestablishment of the vegetation at these sites: (1) an initial phase, (2) a recolonisation phase, (3) a recovery phase, (4) a climax phase.
Optimal subset selection for causal inference using machine learning ensembles and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Sharma Dhruv , Willy Christopher , Bischoff John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe suggest and evaluate a method for optimal construction of synthetic treatment and control samples for the purpose of drawing causal inference. The balance optimization subset selection problem, which formulates minimization of aggregate imbalance in covariate distributions to reduce bias in data, is a new area of study in operations research. We investigate a novel metric, cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as a measure of balance between treatment and control groups. The proposed approach provides direct and automatic balancing of covariate distributions. In addition, the AUC-based approach is able to detect subtler distributional differences than existing measures, such as simple empirical mean/variance and count-based metrics. Thus, optimizing AUCs achieves a greater balance than the existing methods. Using 5 widely used real data sets and 7 synthetic data sets, we show that optimization of samples using existing methods (Chi-square, mean variance differences, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Mahalanobis) results in samples containing imbalance that is detectable using machine learning ensembles. We minimize covariate imbalance by minimizing the absolute value of the distance of the maximum cross-validated AUC on$$ M $$Mfolds from 0.50, using evolutionary optimization. We demonstrate that particle swarm optimization (PSO) outperforms modified cuckoo swarm (MCS) for a gradient-free, non-linear noisy cost function. To compute AUCs, we use supervised binary classification approaches from the machine learning and credit scoring literature. Using superscore ensembles adds to the classifier-based two-sample testing literature. If the mean cross-validated AUC based on machine learning is 0.50, the two groups are indistinguishable and suitable for causal inference.
Influence and sensitivity analysis of thermal parameters on temperature field distribution of active thermal insulated roadway in high temperature mine
Authors: Yao Weijing , Pang Jianyong , Ma Qinyong , Lyimo Happiness 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo study active heat insulation roadway in high temperature mines, the typical high temperature roadway of − 965 m in Zhujidong Coal Mine of Anhui, China, is selected as prototype. The ANSYS numerical simulation method is used for sensitivity analysis of heat insulation layer with different thermal conductivity and thickness, as well as surrounding rock with different thermal conductivity and temperature on a heat-adjusting zone radius, surrounding rock temperature field and wall temperature. The results show that the heat-adjusting zone radius will entirely be in the right power index relationship to the ventilation time. Decrease in thermal conductivity and increase in thickness of insulation layer can effectively reduce the disturbance of airflow on the surrounding rock temperature, hence, beneficial for decreasing wall temperature. This favourable trend significantly decreases with ventilation time, increase in thermal conductivity and temperature of surrounding rock, heat-adjusting zone radius, surrounding rock temperature field, and wall temperature. Sensitivity analysis shows that the thermal physical properties of surrounding rock determine the temperature distribution of the roadway, hence, temperature of surrounding rock is considered as the most sensitive factor of all influencing factors. For the spray layer, thermal conductivity is more sensitive, compared to thickness. It is concluded that increase in the spray layer thickness is not as beneficial as using low thermal conductivity insulation material. Therefore, roadway preferential consideration should be given to the rocks with low temperature and thermal conductivity. The application of the insulation layer has positive significance for the thermal environment control in mine roadway, however, increase in the layer thickness without restriction has a limited effect on the thermal insulation.
David Stow: Christian educator in nineteenth century Scotland
Authors: McKinney Stephen J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe educational work of David Stow evolved in three phases. He established a Sabbath school and helped to introduce both infant schooling and teacher training in Glasgow, Scotland in the nineteenth century. He helped to establish the Glasgow Normal Seminary and later he joined the Free Church of Scotland Normal Seminary. Stow was a committed Presbyterian Christian, and this motivated him and was at the centre of all of the three phases of his educational work. He was dedicated to the school education of the poor, similar to other educators of his time. He understood this mission to the poor as a means to rescue them from the corrupting influences in their urban settings. The corrupting influences would be replaced, however, by social control and the promotion of Christianity. This article presents an examination of the close links between his strongly held Christian beliefs, Christian worldview and his vision of schooling and teacher preparation.
Discussion of “The Market for Reviews: Strategic Behavior of Online Product Reviewers with Monetary Incentives”
Authors: Ressi Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this note, I discuss the article of Dorner et al. who experimentally study the issue of generating high-quality online product reviews under two different incentive schemes. I first classify their work in the existing literature on marketing and information systems and highlight their contribution. I then argue that the existence of cognitive dissonance costs serve as a reasonable explanatory factor for their main results. Two further critical issues warn against the limited generalizability of the present study to the real review market and ability to provide practical implications.
The Way Forward in Mindfulness and Sustainability: a Critical Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Thiermann Ute B. , Sheate William R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ecological crisis demands new strategies to rapidly transform our society into a more sustainable one. A growing amount of research points towards the potential of mindfulness to help transform people’s motivations for sustainability. This article reviews 30 years of research in mindfulness and sustainability and disentangles theoretical knowledge from empirical evidence. We identified six leading theoretical links between mindfulness and sustainability which find backing in empirical work: reduced automaticity, enhanced health and subjective well-being, greater connectedness with nature, improved pro-sociality, recognition of intrinsic values and openness to new experiences. Many of the studies involve considerable methodological caveats, most importantly a lack of mindfulness practice indicators and environmental impact measures. To reach the point where policy makers could embrace mindfulness-based policies to promote societal well-being and sustainability, the research must go beyond the present focus on correlative research. The proof of causality posits the greatest challenge for the next decade of research. Inspired by principles from policy evaluation, we propose a research agenda that offers direction for collaborative efforts and innovative interdisciplinary study designs in a logical model: (how) does the practice of mindfulness contribute to individual behaviour change and (how) does this individual change translate into societal change?
On the Computational Derivation of Bond-Based Peridynamic Stress Tensor
Authors: Fallah Arash S. , Giannakeas Ilias N. , Mella Rizgar , Wenman Mark R. , Safa Yasser , Bahai Hamid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe concept of ‘contact stress’, as introduced by Cauchy, is a special case of a nonlocal stress tensor. In this work, the nonlocal stress tensor is derived through implementation of the bond-based formulation of peridynamics that uses an idealised model of interaction between points as bonds. The method is sufficiently general and can be implemented to study stress states in problems containing stress concentration, singularity, or discontinuities. Two case studies are presented, to study stress concentration around a circular hole in a square plate and conventionally singular stress fields in the vicinity of a sharp crack tip. The peridynamic stress tensor is compared with finite element approximations and available analytical solutions. It is shown that peridynamics is capable of capturing both shear and direct stresses and the results obtained correlate well with those obtained using analytical solutions and finite element approximations. A built-in MATLAB code is developed and used to construct a 2D peridynamic grid and subsequently approximate the solution of the peridynamic equation of motion. The stress tensor is then obtained using the tensorial product of bond force projections for bonds that geometrically pass through the point. To evaluate the accuracy of the predicted stresses near a crack tip, the J-integral value is computed using both a direct contour approximation and the equivalent domain integral method. In the formulation of the contour approximation, bond forces are used directly while the proposed peridynamic stress tensor is used for the domain method. The J-integral values computed are compared with those obtained by the commercial finite element package Abaqus 2018. The comparison provides an indication on the accurate prediction of the state of stress near the crack tip.
Selective end-to-end data-sharing in the cloud
Authors: Hörandner Felix , Ramacher Sebastian , Roth Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCloud-based services, such as Google Drive, Dropbox, or Nextcloud, enable easy-to-use data-sharing between multiple parties, and, therefore, have been widely adopted over the last decade. Nevertheless, privacy challenges hamper their adoption for sensitive data: (1) rather than exposing their private data to a cloud service, users desire end-to-end confidentiality of the shared files without sacrificing usability, e.g., without repeatedly encrypting when sharing the same data set with multiple receivers. (2) Only being able to share full (authenticated) files may force users to expose overmuch information if the data set has not been exactly tailored to the receiver’s needs at issue-time. This gap can be bridged by enabling cloud services to selectively disclose only relevant parts of a file without breaking the parts’ authenticity. While both challenges have been solved individually, it is not trivial to combine these solutions and maintain their security intentions. In this paper, we tackle this issue and introduce selective end-to-end data-sharing by combining ideas from proxy re-encryption (for end-to-end encrypted sharing) and redactable signature schemes (to selectively disclose a subset of still authenticated parts). We overcome the issues encountered when naively combining these two concepts, introduce a security model, and present a modular instantiation together with implementations based on a selection of various building blocks. We give an extensive performance evaluation of our instantiation and conclude with example applications.