bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEMPORALITIES, RITUAL, AND DRINKING IN MASS OBSERVATION'S WORKTOWN
Authors: TAYLOR JENNIE , PRINCE SIMON 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Bolton's pubs at the end of the 1930s, the research organization Mass Observation pursued answers to big abstract questions about time by studying small concrete actions. Drawing on field notes, draft manuscripts, and published works, this article sets out the different understandings and experiences of time documented by the team of investigators. Outside the ‘time-clock factory-whistle dimension of living’ and inside ‘pub-time’, individuals bought drinks for their companions, drank at the same pace, and engaged with everyone around them on an equal footing. Mass Observation presented such behaviours as proof that the pub fostered a socially harmonious, egalitarian community from a pre-industrial age. However, this article shows that the pub study's archive contains material that goes against the published findings. Observers turned in reports about authoritarian conduct, hierarchical power structures, and the intrusion of contemporary politics. Blurring the research subject and object, it was sometimes the investigators themselves who broke the spell of the pub. These moments of tension, confusion, and contradiction offer insights into the observers’ own perspectives on modern temporalities and subjective experiences of time. All the people in the pubs were caught up in a state of flux.
Study of normal tissue dosimetric benefit using asymmetric margin-based biological fuzzy decision making: volumetric modulated arc therapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Patnaikuni Santosh Kumar , Saini Sapan Mohan , Chandola Rakesh Mohan , Chandrakar Pradeep , Jain Rajeev , Chaudhary Vivek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAim:Radiation therapy has historically used margins for target volume to ensure dosimetric planning criteria. The size of margin for a given treatment site is still uncertain particularly for moving targets along with set-up variations leading to a fuzziness of target volume. In this study, we have estimated the dosimetric benefit of normal structures using biological-based optimal margins. The treatment margins are derived by knowledge-based fuzzy logic technique which is considering the radiotherapy uncertainties in treatment planning.Materials and methods:All treatment plans were performed using stepped increments of asymmetric margins to estimate prostate radiobiological indices such as tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). An absolute NTCP of 5% was considered to be the maximum acceptable value while TCP of 85% was considered to be the minimal acceptable limit for each volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan of localised prostate cancer radiotherapy. Results were used to formulate rules and membership functions for Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system (FIS). In implementing the rules for the fuzzy system for ΔNTCP values above 10%, the PTV margin was not permitted to exceed 5 mm to avoid rectal complications due to margin selection. The new margins were applied in VMAT planning of prostate cancer for standard displacement errors. The dosimetric results of normal tissue predictors were estimated such as organ mean doses, rectum V60 (volume receiving 60 Gy), bladder V65 (volume receiving 65 Gy) and other clinically significant dose–volume indicators and compared with VMAT plans using current margin formulations.Results:Dosimetric results compared well to the results obtained by current techniques. Good agreement was obtained between proposed fuzzy model margins and currently used margins in lower error magnitude, but significant results were observed at higher error magnitude when organ toxicity concerned without compromising the target volumes.Findings:The new margins may be helpful to estimate possible outcomes of normal tissue complications and thus may improve complication free survival particularly when organ motion errors are inevitable, case by case.
Genetic structure and diversity of upland rice germplasm using diversity array technology (DArT)-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers
Authors: Adeboye Kehinde A. , Oyedeji Olayinka E. , Alqudah Ahmad M. , Börner Andreas , Oduwaye Olusegun , Adebambo Olutumininu , Daniel Isaac O. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvestigating genetic structure and diversity is crucial for rice improvement strategies, including mapping quantitative trait loci with the potential for improved productivity and adaptation to the upland ecology. The present study elucidated the population structure and genetic diversity of 176 rice germplasm adapted to the upland ecology using 7063 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the Diversity Array Technology (DArT)-based sequencing platform (DArTseq). The SNPs were reasonably distributed across the rice genome, ranging from 432 SNPs on chromosome 9 to 989 SNPs on chromosome 1. The minimum minor allele frequency was 0.05, while the average polymorphism information content and heterozygosity were 0.25 and 0.03, respectively. The model-based (Bayesian) population structure analysis identified two major groups for the studied rice germplasm. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that all (100%) of the genetic variance was attributable to differences within the population, and none was attributable to the population structure. The estimates of genetic differentiation (PhiPT = 0.001;P= 0.197) further showed a negligible difference among the population structures. The results indicated a high genetic exchange or gene flow (number of migrants, Nm = 622.65) and a substantial level of diversity (number of private alleles, Pa = 1.52 number of different alleles, Na = 2.67; Shannon's information index,I= 0.084; and percentage of polymorphic loci, %PPL = 55.9%) within the population, representing a valuable resource for rice improvement. The findings in this study provide a critical analysis of the genetic diversity of upland rice germplasm that would be useful for rice yield improvement. We suggested further breeding and genetic analyses.
Morphoagronomic characterization and whole-genome resequencing of eight highly diverse wild and weedy S. pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme accessions used for the first interspecific tomato MAGIC population
Authors: Gramazio Pietro , Pereira-Dias Leandro , Vilanova Santiago , Prohens Jaime , Soler Salvador , Esteras Javier , Garmendia Alfonso , Díez María José 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe wildSolanum pimpinellifolium(SP) and the weedyS. lycopersicumvar.cerasiforme(SLC) are largely unexploited genetic reservoirs easily accessible to breeders, as they are fully cross-compatible with cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicumvar.lycopersicum). We performed a comprehensive morphological and genomic characterization of four wild SP and four weedy SLC accessions, selected to maximize the range of variation of both taxa. These eight accessions are the founders of the first tomato interspecific multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population. The morphoagronomic characterization was carried out with 39 descriptors to assess plant, inflorescence, fruit and agronomic traits, revealing the broad range of diversity captured. Part of the morphological variation observed in SP was likely associated to the adaptation of the accessions to different environments, while in the case of SLC to both human activity and adaptation to the environment. Whole-genome resequencing of the eight accessions revealed over 12 million variants, ranging from 1.2 to 1.9 million variants in SLC and from 3.1 to 4.8 million in SP, being 46.3% of them (4,897,803) private variants. The genetic principal component analysis also confirmed the high diversity of SP and the complex evolutionary history of SLC. This was also reflected in the analysis of the potential footprint of common ancestors or old introgressions identified within and between the two taxa. The functional characterization of the variants revealed a significative enrichment of GO terms related to changes in cell walls that would have been negatively selected during domestication and breeding. The comprehensive morphoagronomic and genetic characterization of these accessions will be of great relevance for the genetic analysis of the first interspecific MAGIC population of tomato and provides valuable knowledge and tools to the tomato community for genetic and genomic studies and for breeding purposes.
Biological and molecular interplay between two viruses and powdery and downy mildews in two grapevine cultivars
Authors: Gilardi Giovanna , Chitarra Walter , Moine Amedeo , Mezzalama Monica , Boccacci Paolo , Pugliese Massimo , Gullino Maria Lodovica , Gambino Giorgio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Grapevine may be affected simultaneously by several pathogens whose complex interplay is largely unknown. We studied the effects of infection by two grapevine viruses on powdery mildew and downy mildew development and the molecular modifications induced in grapevines by their multiple interactions. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) were transmitted by in vitro-grafting to Vitis vinifera cv Nebbiolo and Chardonnay virus-free plantlets regenerated by somatic embryogenesis. Grapevines were then artificially inoculated in the greenhouse with either Plasmopara viticola or Erysiphe necator spores. GFLV-infected plants showed a reduction in severity of the diseases caused by powdery and downy mildews in comparison to virus-free plants. GFLV induced the overexpression of stilbene synthase genes, pathogenesis-related proteins, and influenced the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in grapevine. These transcriptional changes suggest improved innate plant immunity, which makes the GFLV-infected grapevines less susceptible to other biotic attacks. This, however, cannot be extrapolated to GRSPaV as it was unable to promote protection against the fungal/oomycete pathogens. In these multiple interactions, the grapevine genotype seemed to have a crucial role: in ‘Nebbiolo’, the virus-induced molecular changes were different from those observed in ‘Chardonnay’, suggesting that different metabolic pathways may be involved in protection against fungal/oomycete pathogens. These results indicate that complex interactions do exist between grapevine and its different pathogens and represent the first study on a topic that still is largely unexplored.
A decision support framework for prediction of avian influenza
Authors: Yousefinaghani Samira , Dara Rozita A. , Poljak Zvonimir , Sharif Shayan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor years, avian influenza has influenced economies and human health around the world. The emergence and spread of avian influenza virus have been uncertain and sudden. The virus is likely to spread through several pathways such as poultry transportation and wild bird migration. The complicated and global spread of avian influenza calls for surveillance tools for timely and reliable prediction of disease events. These tools can increase situational awareness and lead to faster reaction to events. Here, we aimed to design and evaluate a decision support framework that aids decision makers by answering their questions regarding the future risk of events at various geographical scales. Risk patterns were driven from pre-built components and combined in a knowledge base. Subsequently, questions were answered by direct queries on the knowledge base or through a built-in algorithm. The evaluation of the system in detecting events resulted in average sensitivity and specificity of 69.70% and 85.50%, respectively. The presented framework here can support health care authorities by providing them with an opportunity for early control of emergency situations.
Upper critical field and superconductor-metal transition in ultrathin niobium films
Authors: Zaytseva Iryna , Abaloszew Aleksander , Camargo Bruno C. , Syryanyy Yevgen , Cieplak Marta Z. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent studies suggest that in disordered ultrathin films superconducting (SC) state may be intrinsically inhomogeneous. Here we investigate the nature of SC state in ultrathin Nb films, of thickness d ranging from 1.2 to 20 nm, which undergo a transition from amorphous to polycrystalline structure at the thickness $$d \simeq 3.3$$

d
≃
3.3

nm. We show that the properties of SC state are very different in polycrystalline and amorphous films. The upper critical field ($$H_{c2}$$

H

c
2

) is orbitally limited in the first case, and paramagnetically limited in the latter. The magnetic field induced superconductor-metal transition is observed, with the critical field approximately constant or decreasing as a power-law with the film conductance in polycrystalline or amorphous films, respectively. The scaling analysis indicates distinct scaling exponents in these two types of films. Negative contribution of the SC fluctuations to conductivity exists above $$H_{c2}$$

H

c
2

, particularly pronounced in amorphous films, signaling the presence of fluctuating Cooper pairs. These observations suggest the development of local inhomogeneities in the amorphous films, in the form of proximity-coupled SC islands. An usual evolution of SC correlations on cooling is observed in amorphous films, likely related to the effect of quantum fluctuations on the proximity-induced phase coherence.
Phenytoin-Induced Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities
Authors: Brown Glen , Jang Wesley , Peets Adam , Ramanathan Krishnan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhenytoin possesses electrophysiological effects consistent with those of the Vaughan–Williams 1B classification. As such, phenytoin may widen the QRS complex but would not be expected to result in QTc prolongation or ST elevation. The reported case demonstrates these unexpected electrophysiological effects with supratherapeutic concentrations of phenytoin when no other potential cause could be elucidated. No contributing factors present in the case, compared with previously published reports of electrophysiological effects of supratherapeutic phenytoin concentrations, could be elucidated. The report suggests that clinicians should monitor for potential conduction abnormalities in patients with elevated phenytoin concentrations.
Cardiac Surgery Conduct during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sahu Manoj Kumar , Vaswani Prateek , Satsangi Amitabh , Singh Sarvesh Pal , Rajashekar Palleti , Devagourou Velayoudam , Choudhary Shiv Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Health care is seriously affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with alarming effects upon conduct of cardiac surgery. The initial resource conservation strategy has to modify for handling the surging case load due to deference of routine care in the face of pandemic.
Methods The cardiac surgical practice during the lockdown period (from 25th march till 25th June) at a tertiary care centre was observed. The cardiac diagnosis of the ones operated, conduct algorithm, and working policy were analyzed. Descriptive statistics was applied to calculate the percentages of different case subsets in both adult and pediatric groups.
Results A total of 93 cardiac patients were consecutively operated during the 3 months’ period in two cardiac theatres of a total eight dedicated and were rotated cyclically. A total of 37 (39.78%) adult cardiac surgeries were performed out of 93 cases, with coronary artery bypass grafting (11.83%: 11/93) and valvular heart diseases (11.83%: 11/93) constituting the majority. Pediatric cardiac surgeries constituted 56 cases (60.21%) which comprised of arterial switch operation (19.35%), total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (8.60%), and Blalock Taussig shunts (7.53%) predominantly. There was no COVID-19-related mortality and none of the health-care workers developed COVID-19 in the entire study period.
Conclusions The initial phase of resource conservation has undermined the routine cardiac surgical practice. The study showed that strict adherence to management algorithm is necessary for persisting smooth continuation of cardiac surgical practice with provision of optimum critical care. The strategic comeback against COVID-19 would urge institutional development of protocols to aid the post-surge period.
Pour une approche diatopique des expressions figées
Authors: Lamiroy Béatrice 
Published: November 2020

Résumé
L’article aborde le phénomène du figement en analysant des expressions figées verbales. Nous présentons d’une part une petite étude de corpus dans une approche contrastive français-néerlandais et comparons d’autre part le français de Belgique au français commun. Nous montrons comment la mise en regard de deux langues différentes peut être révélateur de certains traits typologiques, notamment la présence de structures à plusieurs compléments prépositionnels actantiels, typiques du néerlandais. L’étude du figement en français de Belgique se situe dans une perspective variationniste. Si le français est en grande partie commun à la francophonie, chacune des régions dispose de son stock d’expressions qui présentent des propriétés lexicales et syntaxiques bien spécifiques.
La polysémie dans les constructions verbales figées de l’espagnol
Authors: Mogorrón Huerta Pedro 
Published: November 2020

Résumé
Dans le cadre de cet article, nous analysons les Constructions Verbales Figées de l’espagnol présentes dans une base de
données de 40.900 entrées afin de traiter la polysémie. Nous analysons premièrement les CVF polysémiques et leur nombre de significations
afin d’établir une classification typologique, puis nous réalisons une comparaisons entre les CVF de l’espagnol péninsulaire et commun et de
l’espagnol d’Hispano-Amérique afin d’observer les similitudes et les différences dans la formation de ces cas de polysémie ainsi qu’une
classification typologique en fonction de la zone d’utilisation.
Don’t rage against the machine: why AI may be the cure for the ‘moral hazard’ of party appointments
Authors: Schwing Mel Andrew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In 2010, Jan Paulsson decried the use of party-appointed arbitrators in international arbitration as a ‘moral hazard' that threatened the legitimacy of arbitration as an impartial method of dispute resolution. He suggested a series of reforms, most notably allowing arbitral institutions to make all arbitrator appointments. Over the past decade, commentators have debated Paulsson's arguments and whether arbitrators should be chosen by parties or arbitral institutions, relying on an assumption that those two methods are the only ways by which arbitrators can be selected. This essay demonstrates that both approaches are fundamentally flawed, because they are subject to the self-interest and biases of human beings. Moreover, it explains how modern technology has produced a new way by which arbitrators can be selected--specifically, via artificial intelligence (AI)--that allows for parties to have input into the selection process but removes the issues that arise when parties select arbitrators directly. As this essay illustrates, using an AI to select arbitrators will allow arbitrators to truly be independent, ensure that arbitrators are selected for their merit and not for their connections, eliminate incentives for compromise awards and the use of dissents to communicate leanings to future appointing parties, and increase diversity in arbitrator appointments.
Matching Methods to Problems: Using Data Science and Transmission Modeling to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Rubin Michael A , Nelson Richard E , Samore Matthew H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing worldwide crisis, declared by the World Health Organization as “one of the principal threats to global public health today.” The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is a multifaceted problem that spans all aspects of healthcare, and research efforts to advance the field must likewise employ investigators with a diverse set of expertise and a variety of approaches and study designs who recognize and address the unique challenges of infectious-disease and antimicrobial-resistance research. An understanding of transmission dynamics and externalities, both positive and negative, is critical to any assessment of the impact of an intervention or policy related to infectious disease, infection prevention, or antimicrobial stewardship, in order to create a more comprehensive and accurate estimate of the costs and outcomes associated with an intervention. These types of advanced studies are necessary if we are to significantly alter the course of this crisis and improve the outlook for our future.
Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Bone Health: Do Different Regimens Influence Outcomes in Transgender Adults? A Narrative Review and Call for Future Studies
Authors: Cirrincione Lauren R , Narla Radhika R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) influences bone health in transgender individuals. Several hormone preparations and administration routes are available for GAHT, but no studies have compared clinical and laboratory bone health measures across different GAHT regimens.

Content
We searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and Google Scholar for studies measuring bone turnover markers and bone mineral density before and during GAHT in transgender adults. We summarized bone health data by hormone type and administration route (estrogen or testosterone; oral, transdermal/percutaneous, intramuscular). Among trans women, we also examined outcomes among regimens containing different adjunctive agents (antiandrogens or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs).

Summary
Most hormone preparations maintained or increased areal bone mineral density among trans adults taking GAHT for at least 12 months from baseline. Different bone turnover markers were measured across studies, and we were unable to compare or comment on the direct influence of selected hormone preparations on these clinical laboratory measures. Larger and uniformed studies are needed to measure volumetric bone mineral density and biomarkers of bone metabolism in trans adults taking standardized GAHT regimens.
Successful repair of combined tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with pars plana vitrectomy without scleral buckle in severe Behçet’s disease
Authors: Gasparian Suzie A , Barrett Dianne , Sierpina David , Chalam K V 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBehçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic, immune-mediated occlusive vasculitis of unknown etiology with a chronic, relapsing remitting course. Ocular involvement is characterized by recurrent nongranulomatous uveitis with necrotizing obliterative vasculitis affecting both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye and often leads to blindness.We describe successful surgical management of a rare case of combined rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in a patient with Behçet’s disease.A 28-year-old Hispanic women with known Behcet’s disease presented with loss of vision of both eyes. She was found to have extensive bilateral necrotizing vasculitis with severe ischemia. Despite aggressive antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and pan retinal photocoagulation, patient progressed to total blindness from development of combined rhegmatogenous and tractional funnel retinal detachment. Small gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil tamponade was performed for retinal detachment repair (without scleral buckle).Combined RRD and TRD was successfully treated with standard PPV with silicone oil placement without use of scleral buckle. Visual acuity 1 year postoperatively improved from ability to perceive light to 20/400.Combined forms of retinal detachment, a rare development in Behçet’s disease may be effectively treated with PPV (without scleral buckling) with favorable visual and anatomic outcomes.