bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Growth and Economic Development in Bangladesh: Revisited Malthus
Authors: Chowdhury Md Niaz Murshed , Hossain Md. Mobarak 
Published: April 2020

Bangladesh is the 2nd largest growing economy in the world in 2016 with 7.1% GDP growth. This study undertakes an econometric analysis to examine the relationship between population growth and economic development. This result indicates population growth adversely related to per capita GDP growth, which means rapid population growth, is a real problem for the development of Bangladesh. Malthus’s prediction is that population increases so rapidly and outstrip the food supply due to the operation of the law of diminishing return, which is proven wrong because of technological improvement, human capital development and so on in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has reduced its population growth by about 67% between 1979 and 2017 using different preventive checks suggested by Malthus and Mill. Bangladesh has been suffering from environmental degradation, loss of arable land, loos of agricultural land biodiversity loss and deforestation. As a consequence, the climate has changed dramatically, and species are in danger and extinction. Bangladesh Economy is growing with improving living standard at the cost of environmental degradation.
O programa eleitoral em um plebiscito de divisão do estado do Pará e o uso do discurso patriótico para a construção simbólica do território e dos agentes envolvidos
Authors: Borges Júnior Carlos 
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho discute a construção do discurso patriótico na representação do território e dos agentes dominantes em um programa eleitoral da campanha dos plebiscitos de divisão do estado do Pará. O programa foi exibido durante o Horário Eleitoral Gratuito de televisão, no ano de 2011. O estudo é alicerçado na teoria da Análise Crítica de Gêneros (BONINI, 2011, 2013 ), que enfoca os gêneros em termos de sua participação na configuração da realidade social e seu papel na manutenção de relações de poder assimétricas no contexto das práticas sociais. A abordagem também se vale dos aportes teóricos e metodológicos da Análise Crítica do Discurso, com base nos estudos de Fairclough (2008) e Chouliaraki e Fairclough (1999). Os resultados da análise evidenciam: o uso da identidade paraense tradicional e hegemônica para o alinhamento à posição não favorável à separação, somando-se ao elemento patriótico também o discurso do medo, o discurso militante e o discurso de usurpação. Ao cidadão pró-separação, é atribuída a imagem do “outro”, do “separatista”, em oposição a um “nós/a gente”, defensores do “Pará por inteiro”.
Finse wolvenjacht: deur op een kier voor ‘ecodictie’ in het Europese natuurbeschermingsrecht?
Authors: Fleurke F.M. , Trouwborst A. 
Published: April 2020

Finse wolvenjacht: deur op een kier voor ‘ecodictie’ in het Europese natuurbeschermingsrecht?
In een arrest over het Finse vergunningsbeleid voor de jacht op wolven geeft het Hof van Justitie uitleg over de betekenis en reikwijdte van een aantal omstreden bepalingen van de Habitatrichtlijn. De twee belangrijkste vragen betreffen (a) of het toegestaan is om vergunning voor jacht te verlenen om meer acceptatie voor grote roofdieren te bewerkstelligen bij de lokale bevolking en (b) op welk bestuursniveau (lokaal, nationaal, biografisch, grensoverschrijdend) de zogenoemde eis van ‘gunstige staat van instandhouding’ voor beschermde soorten moet worden bereikt. Daarnaast benadrukt het Hof van Justitie net als in andere recente arresten het belang van wetenschappelijk bewijs en de prominente rol van het voorzorgbeginsel. Met de vestiging van het eerste Nederlandse wolvenroedel in eeuwen kan de eerste vraag ook zeker relevant geworden voor Nederland. Het antwoord op de tweede vraag is voor Nederland – met zijn gefragmenteerde grondgebied en vele kleine populaties beschermde soorten – zelfs van fundamenteel belang. Het Hof van Justitie geeft meer duidelijkheid maar laat tegelijkertijd nog wel vragen open.HvJ 10 oktober 2019, zaak C-674/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:851 (Luonnonsuojeluyhdistys Tapiola)
Can small drugs predict the intrinsic aqueous solubility of ‘beyond Rule of 5’ big drugs?
Authors: Avdeef Alex , Kansy Manfred 
Published: April 2020

<p class="ADMETabstracttext">The aim of the study was to explore to what extent small molecules (mostly from the Rule of 5 chemical space) can be used to predict the intrinsic aqueous solubility, S<sub>0</sub>, of big molecules from beyond the Rule of 5 (bRo5) space. It was demonstrated that the General Solubility Equation (GSE) and the Abraham Solvation Equation (ABSOLV) underpredict solubility in systematic but slightly ways. The Random Forest regression (RFR) method predicts solubility more accurately, albeit in the manner of a ‘black box.’ It was discovered that the GSE improves considerably in the case of big molecules when the coefficient of the log P term (octanol-water partition coefficient) in the equation is set to -0.4 instead of the traditional -1 value. The traditional GSE underpredicts solubility for molecules with experimental S<sub>0</sub> &lt; 50 µM. In contrast, the ABSOLV equation (trained with small molecules) underpredicts the solubility of big molecules in all cases tested. It was found that the errors in the ABSOLV-predicted solubilities of big molecules correlate linearly with the number of rotatable bonds, which suggests that flexibility may be an important factor in differentiating solubility of small from big molecules. Notably, most of the 31 big molecules considered have negative enthalpy of solution: these big molecules become less soluble with increasing temperature, which is compatible with ‘molecular chameleon’ behavior associated with intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The X‑ray structures of many of these molecules reveal void spaces in their crystal lattices large enough to accommodate many water molecules when such solids are in contact with aqueous media. The water sorbed into crystals suspended in aqueous solution may enhance solubility by way of intra-lattice solute-water interactions involving the numerous H‑bond acceptors in the big molecules studied. A ‘Solubility Enhancement–Big Molecules’ index was defined, which embodies many of the above findings. <strong></strong></p>
Development of mass production hatchery technology for the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus
Authors: Jones Clive , Valverde Colin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aquaculture production of redclaw Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens) in Australia, has never reached the high level projections made in the 1990’s (Jones and Ruscoe 1996). This can be attributed to a range of factors, but the most significant is the supply of seedstock. Although redclaw is advantaged by its uncomplicated reproductive biology with no free-living larval stages, reliance on natural reproduction to generate juveniles for growout purposes is inefficient. An alternative approach involves the artificial incubation of fertilized eggs to improve both quality and quantity of juveniles produced. Suitable technology for such incubation was developed in Europe to support the on-going efforts to produce crayfish plague free juveniles for restocking to natural water bodies. This technology has now been adapted to suit redclaw and for the purpose of mass production of seed crayfish for aquaculture. This paper details the development of the AquaVerde hatchery system, and the challenges to see it develop into fully commercial production, that could support expansion of the redclaw farming industry, both in Australia and elsewhere in the world.
Eight years of freshwater crayfish (Paranephrops zealandicus (White)) harvest from one New Zealand pond: Comments on the resulting population structure
Authors: Hollows John. , Song Thomas , Kyla Callum 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A 100 m2 forestry pond was stocked with 65 crayfish (Paranephrops zealandicus (White, 1847)), weighing approximately 35 g, in 2010. Sampling was undertaken at the end of each growing season (March - April) from 2012 to 2019. All crayfish > 45 g were harvested from the population; from 2015 between 1.84 kg and 3.65 kg of crayfish < 45 g were harvested (11 to 24% of the < 45 g population). In 2014, refuge (Cytisus scoparius) for the crayfish was added to the pond. The following year there was a noticeable increase in crayfish biomass, particularly those 45 g or less. In 2018, eight kg of lime was added to the pond. This did not greatly change the pH or calcium in the pond water when measured 10 months later, but there was a corresponding increase in total biomass and biomass of crayfish > 45 g. Crayfish biomass ranged from 2.76 kg (2012) to 17.71 kg (2017). Harvests of crayfish > 45 g ranged from 1.1 kg (2012) to 3.98 kg (2019) and for crayfish < 45 g from 1.84 kg (2018) to 3.65 kg (2016). Our findings suggest that habitat modification and harvesting a range of crayfish size classes can increase total biomass, but not necessarily the biomass of larger crayfish.
A review of juvenile redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1898) aquaculture: global production practices and innovation
Authors: Rigg Damian P. , Saymour Jamie E. , Courtney Robert L. , Jones Clive M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Australian Redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, has been the subject of aquaculture development for more than 3 decades. Farm production from Australia and from around the world for this species has been relatively low, as suitable production technology continues to develop. The production of redclaw juveniles for the purpose of stocking to ponds for on-growing to marketable size, has been a particular constraint and new approaches to breeding and mass production of craylings have provided renewed impetus to industry expansion. This paper reviews the literature concerning redclaw juvenile production and provides a status report of current practices and innovations that may support further expansion of redclaw aquaculture.
Prevalence of the crayfish plague,Aphanomyces astaciSchikora, in alien crayfish species in Japan
Authors: Kamimura Kensuke , Kawai Tadashi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCrayfish plague is a severe disease of crayfish that is caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci. Two crayfish hosts of this parasite, Procambarus clarkii and Pacifastacus leniusculus, were imported from North America into Japan and were found to be infected with this parasite. Since the endemic Japanese crayfish, Cambaroides japonicus, has a low resistance to the crayfish plague, infection with this parasite will likely lead to crayfish death. Specimens of both invasive crayfish species were collected across Japan and their infection status was examined using a PCR technique. Aphanomyces astaci was detected in all localities and the average infection prevalence was 67%. Additionally, when the signs of melanization were compared with the results from PCR analyses, it suggested that the DNA detection procedure is more reliable than observation of tissue melanization. Moreover, the relationship between prevalence and water temperature in the field was analyzed, indicated that water temperature influenced the prevalence of A. astaci infection.
Preliminary investigation of the critically imperiled Caney Mountain cave crayfishOrconectes stygocaneyi(Hobbs III, 2001) (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Missouri, USA
Authors: DiStefano Robert J. , Ashley David , Brewer Shannon K. , Mouser Joshua B. , Niemiller Matthew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Caney Mountain cave crayfish (Orconectes stygocaneyi) is one of North America’s rarest crayfish, endemic to one cave in southern Missouri, USA. The species is listed as “critically imperiled” by Missouri, and “threatened” by the American Fisheries Society. Previously, only 15 crayfish have been observed in Mud Cave, and only two have been collected (for original species description). We aimed to collect the first natural history data on the species and search adjacent caves and springs for additional populations. Twelve visual searches and supplemental trapping over four years, in all seasons, yielded 69 O. stygocaneyi (including 11 young-of-year) observations and capture of 22 crayfish, including one ovigerous female. Visual searches of nearby caves and springs yielded no O. stygocaneyi records. However, multiple surveys of those caves and springs, using environmental DNA detected the species in one additional cave adjacent to Mud Cave, but only during spring high flow events when the caves may be ephemerally connected. Orconectes stygocaneyi’s distribution is among the most restricted of any North American crayfish, and further evaluation of its conservation status designations might be warranted. Long term conservation of O. stygocaeyi would benefit from management practices promoting sustained, unimpacted surface runoff within Mud Cave’s recharge area.
Gastric mill age estimates for ringed crayfish Faxonius neglectus neglectus (Faxon) and the influence of temperature on band formation
Authors: Mouser Joshua B. , Glover Jason , Brewer Shannon K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Counting bands via the gastric mill is a potential direct approach for ageing crayfish; however, the validity of ageing crustaceans using the gastric mill is unknown. Our study objectives were to 1) compare gastric mill age estimates to a traditional aging technique, 2) compare ageing precision among the ossicles, and 3) examine the effects of temperature on gastric mill band formation. From 2017–2018, we collected 681 ringed crayfish Faxonius neglectus neglectus (Faxon) from ten Ozark Highland streams. Our length-frequency analysis reflected seven age classes, whereas gastric mill age estimates indicated individuals were up to 10 yr of age. The length-frequency analysis age estimates showed good congruence (± 1 yr) with age estimates from the gastric mill 78% of the time. The coefficient of variation (CV) of age estimates from gastric mill bands between our readers was 29.7%. Ageing precision was highest when using the zygocardiac ossicles (CV = 12.4%). Gastric mill age estimates for known age-1 crayfish from a thermally stable laboratory were not significantly different from one, whereas age estimates from a thermally varying laboratory were greater than one. Our results indicate molting frequency does not control gastric mill band formation, and temperature plays a role in band formation.
The annual flood pulse mediates crayfish as a major diet constituent of carnivorous fishes in south Louisiana
Authors: Bonvillain Christopher P. , Fontenot Quenton C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Anthropogenic modifications to river-floodplain systems can decouple floodplains from mainstem inputs, alter flood pulse dynamics, and disrupt population dynamics and trophic web stability of aquatic biota. The Atchafalaya River Basin (ARB) receives an annual flood pulse from the Mississippi River that contributes to high crayfish abundance. Conversely, reduced crayfish abundance in the Barataria Basin (BB) is attributed to the system no longer receiving an annual flood pulse from the Mississippi River. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine if the absence of an annual flood pulse and reduced crayfish abundance influenced the diets of carnivorous fishes by examining stomach contents of fishes from both basins. Stomach contents were grouped as crayfish, fish, non-crayfish invertebrate, and herpetological. Although the percent occurrence of crayfish in fish stomachs differed between floodplain inundation and low-water periods in the ARB, crayfish were still the major diet constituent of ARB fishes during both periods. Non-crayfish invertebrate was the major diet constituent in BB fishes, with crayfish ranking as the second fewest diet constituent present. Our results demonstrate how flood pulse dynamics influence crayfish, and ultimately trophic webs, in large river-floodplain systems.
The spatial distribution ofAphanomyces astacigenotypes across Europe: introducing the first data from Ukraine
Authors: Ungureanu Elena , MojŽiŠovÁ Michaela , Tangerman Michiel , Ion Mihaela C. , Parvulescu Lucian , Petrusek Adam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAphanomyces astaci is the causative agent of crayfish plague, a disease responsible for numerous mass mortalities of native crayfish across Europe. In this study, we aim to extend knowledge about the A. astaci distribution in Eastern Europe, with specific focus on the River Dnieper (Ukraine), and summarize presently available information about the distribution of genotypes of this pathogen across the Western Palaearctic. We compiled published records about genotype groups of A. astaci, assembled them to a comprehensive map, and added the newly obtained results from Ukraine. The native narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus was sampled from the river Dnieper in Svydivok and Kiev, ca 170 km apart, and screened for the pathogen presence in soft cuticles by quantitative PCR. We confirmed infections by A. astaci at both sites, with prevalence exceeding 30% and low to medium agent levels in infected crayfish. Pathogen genotyping confirmed the presence of the A. astaci haplogroup B, associated with the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus but also known from some chronically infected narrowclawed crayfish from Turkey and Moldova. Our results support the notion that latent A. astaci infections among narrow-clawed crayfish populations may be widespread in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
A description of postembryonic development of Astacus astacus and Pontastacus leptodactylus
Authors: Kawai Tadashi , Kouba Antonín 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Morphology in general and developmental morphology in particular provide us with an insight into the evolution, phylogeny, ecological features, behavior, and life cycle of organisms. The present study describes the external morphology of the first three postembryonic developmental stages (Stage 1­3) of two prominent European crayfish species, the noble crayfish Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the narrow­clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823). External morphology and setation of appendages are similar, presence of re­curved tips for cheliped in Stage I and then the tip lost in Stage 2, long plumose setae on the telson in Stage 2 and then the setae disappearance in Stage 3 accompanied with the fully developed tail fan. The number of segments on antennal flagella differs between the species in Stage I and Stage II. Observed findings on early postembryonic development are consistent between European and North American (Pacifastacus sp.) astacid species, but differ in certain aspects from other crayfish families.
The predictive value of PRDM2 in solid tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tanadi Caroline , Bambang Alfredo , Wendi Indra Putra , Sidharta Veronika M. , Hananta Linawati , Sumarpo Anton 
Published: April 2020

Background
Many studies have reported the presence of Positive Regulatory/Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax Domain 2 (PRDM2) downregulation in cancer. However, its potential as a diagnostic biomarker is still unclear. Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to address this issue.

Introduction
As of 2018, cancer has become the second leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, cancer control is exceptionally vital in reducing mortality. One such example is through early diagnosis of cancer using tumor biomarkers. Having a function as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG), PRDM2 has been linked with carcinogenesis in several solid tumor. This study aims to assess the relationship between PRDM2 downregulation and solid tumor, its relationship with clinicopathological data, and its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. This study also aims to evaluate the quality of the studies, data reliability and confidence in cumulative evidence.

Materials & Methods
A protocol of this study is registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the following registration number: CRD42019132156. PRISMA was used as a guideline to conduct this review. A comprehensive electronic search was performed from inception to June 2019 in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, EBSCO and ScienceDirect. Studies were screened and included studies were identified based on the criteria made. Finally, data synthesis and quality assessment were conducted.

Results
There is a significant relationship between PRDM2 downregulation with solid tumor (RR 4.29, 95% CI [2.58–7.13], P < 0.00001). The overall sensitivity and specificity of PRDM2 downregulation in solid tumors is 84% (95% CI [39–98%]) and 86% (95% CI [71–94%]), respectively. There is a low risk of bias for the studies used. TSA results suggested the presence of marked imprecision. The overall quality of evidence for this study is very low.

Discussion
We present the first meta-analysis that investigated the potential of PRDM2 downregulation as a diagnostic biomarker in solid tumor. In line with previous studies, our results demonstrated that PRDM2 downregulation occurs in solid tumor. A major source of limitation in this study is the small number of studies.

Conclusions
Our review suggested that PRDM2 is downregulated in solid tumor. The relationship between PRDM2 downregulation and clinicopathological data is still inconclusive. Although the sensitivity and specificity of PRDM2 downregulation are imprecise, its high values, in addition to the evidence that suggested PRDM2 downregulation in solid tumor, hinted that it might still have a potential to be used as a diagnostic biomarker. In order to further strengthen these findings, more research regarding PRDM2 in solid tumors are encouraged.
Understanding the Effects of Climate Change on Crop and Livestock Productivity in Nigeria
Authors: Gbenga Opeyemi , Opaluwa H. I. , Olabode Awarun , Ayodele Olowogbayi Jonathan 
Published: April 2020

Aim: Agriculture entails majorly crop and animal production. Crop and Livestock production provide the major human caloric and nutrition intake. Assessing the impact of climate change on crop and livestock productivity, is therefore critical to maintaining food supply in the world and particularly in Nigeria. Different studies have yielded different results in other parts of the world, it is therefore, very important to examine the linkage between climate change and agricultural productivity in Nigeria.
Study Design: The study utilized secondary data. The study utilize climate data from Nigerian Meteorology Station and Carbon emission, Crop and Livestock production data from FOASTAT.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried in Nigeria and it covers the period between 1970-2016.
Methodology: The data were used to estimate the empirical models. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, trend analysis, stationarity, Co-integration and Fully-Modified Least Squares regression.
Results: The result of the research reveals that there is variation in the trend of the climatic factors examined and also variation in crop and livestock production over the period covered by the study in Nigeria. The finding also shows that rainfall, temperature and Carbon emission are the climatic factors that significantly affect crop and livestock production in Nigeria. Long term adverse impact of climate change on crop and livestock production index indicates threat to food availability to the country.
Conclusion: The study concluded that climatic variables have significant effect on agricultural productivity in Nigeria. The study recommended the need to put in place measures that will reduce the negative effects of climate on agricultural production.