bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Institutional Regional Otolaryngology Bootcamp
Authors: Cervenka Brian P. , Hsieh Tsung-yen , Lin Sharon , Bewley Arnaud 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: In order to increase junior resident physician proficiency and improve patient safety, simulation-based procedural training courses, or bootcamps, have been become an emerging educational tool. Objectives: To compare pre- and post-course confidence levels and to assess station efficacy after completion of our single day bootcamp. Methods: We developed the University of California (UC) Davis otolaryngology bootcamp, a single day course including six cadaveric task trainer stations and four simulations. The six task trainer stations included (1) Epistaxis, (2) Cricothyrotomy/tracheostomy, (3) Peritonsillar abscess/auricular hematoma, (4) Nasal bone reduction/zygoma reduction/lateral canthotomy/canalicular trauma and probing, (5) Local nerve blocks, and (6) Soft tissue reconstruction. The simulations comprised of airway fire during tracheostomy, pediatric respiratory code during airway evaluation, dislodged pediatric tracheostomy tube in the ICU, and angioedema in the emergency department with inability to intubate or ventilate. Junior residents from multiple locoregional institutions were recruited to participate. Pre- and post-course Likert surveys assessing participant confidence and station efficacy were collected and analyzed. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in resident confidence levels for all task trainer stations. All stations had a station efficacy Likert score average of 4 “very effective” or 5 “most effective.” Conclusion: A multi-institutional, locoregional, simulation-based bootcamp can be a valuable adjunct to junior resident training. It can promote camaraderie, pool limited resources, and may be cost-effective.
Are Children Scheduled for Ventilation Tubes Insertion Overweight? A Cohort of Israeli Children
Authors: Klein Ayala , Kraus Oded , Luria Alisa , Ovnat Tamir Sharon , Marom Tal 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To study the hypothesis that children scheduled for ventilation tube insertion (VTI), a surrogate procedure reflecting otitis media (OM) presence, are overweight or obese. Patients and Methods: Charts of Israeli children aged 0 to 9 years undergoing VTI with or without adenoidectomy between 9/1/17 and 3/31/19 in a secondary level hospital were retrospectively identified. We compared their mean body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) to the mean BMI of a control group comprised of children who underwent surgeries unrelated to OM (fracture fixation/reduction, inguinal/umbilical hernia repair, meatotomy, appendectomy). BMI measurements were plotted on gender- and age-matched curves to determine BMI percentile, and were also compared to the national pediatric overweight/obesity data. Normal weight was defined as BMI percentile <85%, overweight was BMI percentile between 85% and 97%, and obesity was BMI percentile >97%. Results: The VTI group included 83 children (mean age: 3.5 ± 1.8 years). The control group included 77 children (mean age: 6.3 ± 1.9 years). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean BMI values between both groups ( P = .22). When compared to age- and gender-adjusted 50th BMI percentile of the general pediatric population, the mean BMI of the VTI group was significantly higher: for boys, 16.9 versus 15.2 ( P < .01), and for girls, 16.6 versus 15.3 ( P = .03), but not in the control group: P = .16 (boys) and P = .11 (girls). Conclusion: Children undergoing VTI were overweight when compared to their age- and gender-matched peers. This observation was more noticeable in boys.
Effects of cycle ergometer use in early mobilization following cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gama Lordello Gleide Glícia , Gonçalves Gama Glicia Gleide , Lago Rosier Gabriela , Viana Patrícia Alcântara Doval de Carvalh , Correia Luís Cláudio , Fonteles Ritt Luiz Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effect of early use of a cycle ergometer, compared to a standard care protocol, in postoperatory in-hospital mobility following cardiac surgery. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Setting: Tertiary hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Subjects: Patients submitted to elective cardiac surgery (valvular or coronary bypass surgery by sternotomy). Intervention: Patients were randomly allocated in two groups: (1) cycle ergometer training group (10-minute session) and (2) control group submitted standard physiotherapy protocol (10-minute session). Training was provided twice a day, immediately following extubation and until patient was discharged from the intensive care. Main measures: The primary outcome was the difference in the total number of steps recorded on the pedometer over three days. Secondary outcomes were mobility in different subgroups and the reasons that prevented individuals from walking during early cardiac rehabilitation. Results: A total of 228 participants completed the study. No significant difference was found in the total number of steps between the groups after intervention: 2183 (range: 1729–2772) in the intervention group versus 2006 (1517–2657) in the control group ( P = 0.167). However, self-reports indicated better motivation in the intervention group ( P = 0.044). No adverse events occurred during the study. Conclusion: As a strategy for early mobilization following cardiac surgery, the use of a cycle ergometer failed to increase independent physical activity compared to a standard care protocol. Nevertheless, it was safe and could be an alternative to make rehabilitation more attractive and motivational for this patient population.
A guest-worker state? The declining power and agency of migrant labour in Australia
Authors: Wright Chris F , Clibborn Stephen 
Published: January 2020

This article presents an historical and comparative analysis of the bargaining power and agency conferred upon migrant workers in Australia under distinct policy regimes. Through an assessment of four criteria – residency status, mobility, skill thresholds and institutional protections – we find that migrant workers arriving in Australia in the period from 1973 to 1996 had high levels of bargaining power and agency. Since 1996, migrant workers’ power and agency has been incrementally curtailed, to the extent that Australia’s labour immigration policy resembles a guest-worker regime where migrants’ rights are restricted, their capacity to bargain for decent working conditions with their employers is truncated and their agency to pursue opportunities available to citizens and permanent residents is diminished. In contrast to recent assessments that Australia’s temporary visa system is working effectively, our analysis indicates that it is failing to protect temporary migrants at work.JEL Codes: J24, J61, J83
Characteristics, Mortality Rates, and Treatments Received in Last Few Days of Life for Patients Dying in Intensive Care Units: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Almansour Issa Mohammad , Ahmad Muayyad Mustafa , Alnaeem Mohammad Minwer 
Published: January 2020

Background: Information is presently lacking about the end-of-life care in intensive care unit (ICU). We explored the characteristics, mortality rates, and treatments received in the last few days of life for patients who died in ICU. Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study. We included patients who died from different medical illnesses between January 2014 and January 2017 in 8 medical ICUs across 3 major health-care systems in Jordan. Of 11 029 patients who were admitted for the study in ICUs, data from 3885 health records were retrieved and analyzed. Pediatric patients aged younger than 18 years and patients admitted to an ICU for less than 4 hours were excluded. Results: The mean ICU mortality rate was 34.6% (29%-38%), with a slight decline from 2014 through 2016. Most of the patients who died were male (56.6%), transferred from the emergency department (46.8%), and had multiple comorbidities (74%). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, invasive mechanical ventilation, pharmacological hemodynamic support, and artificial hydration were pursued until death for most patients (91.5%, 80.1%, 78.8%, and 94.1%, respectively). Conclusions: Aggressive treatment modalities were usually pursued for critically ill patients at the end of their lives. There is a need to explore further the current end-of-life care needs and practices in ICUs in Jordan and to tailor end-of-life care and management suitably to meet the needs of Islamic and Arabic cultures.
Feeling Manipulated: How Tip Request Sequence Impacts Customers and Service Providers?
Authors: Warren Nathan , Hanson Sara , Yuan Hong 
Published: January 2020

Technology is changing frontline service scripts. Businesses are now using mobile point-of-sale applications (e.g., Square) and mobile technology (e.g., iPad) to prompt customers for tips. Tip requests are occurring more frequently at the start of service transactions, before any service has been provided. This research examines how requesting a tip either before or after service completion affects customers and service providers. We test the effects of preservice versus postservice tip sequence in four studies (a natural experiment in the field and three controlled experiments) across food and beauty service contexts. Findings reveal that requesting a tip before (vs. after) completing a service leads to smaller tips, reduced return intentions, diminished word-of-mouth intentions, and lower online ratings. Inferred manipulative intent is revealed as the psychological mechanism underlying the harmful effects of requesting a tip before service. Findings suggest that emphasizing the benefits of automated point-of-sale systems can reduce, but not eliminate, the negative effects of preservice tip requests. Contrary to norms within the service industry, we find that service providers should avoid requesting tips before serving customers.
The effect of angioplasty of single arteriovenous fistula–associated stenosis on arteriovenous fistula blood flow rate
Authors: Nassar George M , Beathard Gerald , Nguyen Duc T , Graviss Edward A 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Percutaneous balloon angioplasty of arteriovenous fistula–associated stenosis is performed for a variety of indications. Successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is expected to increase in arteriovenous fistula blood flow rate (Qa). A validated approach to predicting changes in Qa based upon stenosis characteristics is not available. Methods: Three baseline parameters were determined in a group of patients with a single arteriovenous fistula–associated stenosis undergoing PTA. These were percent estimated stenosis, stenosis minimum luminal diameter, and baseline Qa. The relationship between these parameters and changes in Qa following PTA was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression. Results: 113 patients (total group) were studied. Of these,106 had peripheral stenosis (total peripheral subgroup) and 7 had central stenosis. For the total group and total peripheral subgroup, a highly significant inverse correlation was seen between changes in Qa and baseline Qa. A weaker correlation was seen between changes in Qa and minimum luminal diameter, but no correlation was seen with percent estimated stenosis. A minimum luminal diameter ⩽2.0 mm was predictive of ⩾300-mL/min increases in Qa, whereas a minimum luminal diameter >4.5 mm was associated with <300-mL/min increases in Qa. PTA of Central vein stenosis was not associated with significant changes in Qa. Conclusion: Baseline Qa is the best predictor for change in Qa following PTA. Stenosis minimum luminal diameter cutoffs of ⩽2.0 and >4.5 mm are useful in predicting the magnitude of changes in Qa. Percent estimated stenosis is not predictive of change in Qa. PTA of central veins does not seem to change Qa.
Technical note: An alternative method for AV access superficialization
Authors: Fontenot Danielle , Illig Karl A 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: An arteriovenous fistulae for dialysis access is only functional if superficial enough for reliable cannulation. We describe a previously unreported technique to superficialize arteriovenous fistulae too deep for reliable cannulation. Method: The path of the fistula is marked using ultrasound, and three to four transverse incisions are made along this path. The subcutaneous tissue is separated from the dermis over this entire area. The fistula is then accessed through transverse incisions and by dividing the overlying adipose tissue. The mobilized vein is then “trapped” directly under the dermis by closing the superficial fascia and adipose tissue beneath it and using this tissue to elevate the fistula. No anastomotic revisions are necessary, and moderate straightening can be performed. Results: We have performed this procedure on 20 patients with 100% technical success. One fistula had thrombosis within 8–10 weeks of the superficialization procedure and one patient refused access due to pain, but all other fistulas were successfully cannulated. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and one patient developed skin breakdown in the area of the flap which delayed cannulation. Our 3-month patency was 94.4% with a functional patency, defined as a clinically patent fistula successfully being used for hemodialysis, of 87.5%. Conclusion: The technique described allows elevation of the vein to the level of the dermis without division and re-anastomosis or re-tunneling, through several small incisions maintaining virgin skin and normal contour for easier cannulation.
Canadian Burden of Skin Disease From 1990 to 2017: Results From the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study
Authors: Bridgman Alanna C. , Fitzmaurice Christina , Dellavalle Robert P. , Karimkhani Aksut Chante , Grada Ayman , Naghavi Mohsen , Manafi Navid , Olagunju Andrew T. , Olagunju Tinuke O. , Somayaji Ranjani , Drucker Aaron M. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundSkin diseases can have high morbidity that can be costly to society and individuals. To date, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the burden of skin disease in Canada.ObjectivesTo evaluate the burden of 18 skin and subcutaneous diseases from 1990 to 2017 in Canada using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data.MethodsThe 2017 GBD study measures health loss from 359 diseases and injuries in 195 countries; we evaluated trends in population health in Canada from 1990 to 2017 using incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Data are presented as rates (per 100 000), counts, or percent change with the uncertainty interval in brackets.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2017 for all skin diseases, DALY rates increased by 8% to 971 per 100 000 (674-1319), YLD rates increased by 8% to 897 per 100 000 (616-1235), YLL rates increased by 4% to 74 per 100 000 (53-89), and death rates increased by 18% to 5 per 100 000 (3-6). DALY rates for melanoma increased by 2% to 54 per 100 000 (39-68), for keratinocyte carcinoma by 14% to 17 per 100 000 (16-19), and for skin and subcutaneous disease by 8% to 900 per 100 000 (619-1233). The observed over expected ratios were higher for skin and subcutaneous disease (1.37) and keratinocyte carcinoma (1.17) and were lower for melanoma (0.73).ConclusionsThe burden of skin disease has increased in Canada since 1990. These results can be used to guide health policy regarding skin disease in Canada.
Trajectory of self-care behaviour in patients with heart failure: the impact on clinical outcomes and influencing factors
Authors: Liljeroos Maria , Kato Naoko P , van der Wal Martje HL , Brons Maaike , Luttik Marie Louise , van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Strömberg Anna , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: January 2020

Background: Patients’ self-care behaviour is still suboptimal in many heart failure (HF) patients and underlying mechanisms on how to improve self-care need to be studied. Aims: (1) To describe the trajectory of patients’ self-care behaviour over 1 year, (2) to clarify the relationship between the trajectory of self-care and clinical outcomes, and (3) to identify factors related to changes in self-care behaviour. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the COACH-2 study, 167 HF patients (mean age 73 years) were included. Self-care behaviour was assessed at baseline and after 12 months using the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour scale. The threshold score of ⩾70 was used to define good self-care behaviour. Results: Of all patients, 21% had persistent poor self-care behaviour, and 27% decreased from good to poor. Self-care improved from poor to good in 10%; 41% had a good self-care during both measurements. Patients who improved self-care had significantly higher perceived control than those with persistently good self-care at baseline. Patients who decreased their self-care had more all-cause hospitalisations (35%) and cardiovascular hospitalisations (26%) than patients with persistently good self-care (2.9%, p < 0.05). The prevalence of depression increased at 12 months in both patients having persistent poor self-care (0% to 21%) and decreasing self-care (4.4% to 22%, both p < 0.05). Conclusion: Perceived control is a positive factor to improve self-care, and a decrease in self-care is related to worse outcomes. Interventions to reduce psychological distress combined with self-care support could have a beneficial impact on patients decreasing or persistently poor self-care behaviour.
A Comparison of Common Health Indicators From Two Surveys of Latinos in the Bronx, New York
Authors: Crossa Aldo , Jessup Jillian , Liu Sze Yan , Isasi Carmen R. , Hanna David B. , Hua Simin , He Fangtao , Seligson Amber Levanon , Lim Sungwoo 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Population health surveys inform and demonstrate the impact of public health policies. However, the performance of such surveys in specific groups of interest (e.g., Hispanics/Latinos in a neighborhood of New York City) is rarely studied. Method: We compared measures for obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and current smoking based on the New York City Community Health Survey (CHS, a telephone survey of New York City adults) with the Hispanic Community Health Survey/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), an in-person survey of Hispanic/Latino adults in four communities in the United States (2008-2011), including the Bronx. CHS data were limited to Hispanic/Latinos living in the HCHS/SOL Bronx catchment area. Results: Compared with CHS, HCHS/SOL estimated higher prevalence of obesity (in HCHS/SOL, PHCHS/SOL = 45.0% vs. in CHS, PCHS = 30.6%, p < .01) and current smoking (PHCHS/SOL = 21.2% vs. PCHS = 16.2%, p < .01) but similar for hypertension (PHCHS/SOL = 33.1% vs. PCHS = 33.8%, p > .05) and diabetes (PHCHS/SOL = 15.2% vs. PCHS = 15.7%, p > .05). Stratified estimates (by age, sex, education, and Hispanic/Latino heritage) followed similar trends. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the importance of assessing potential bias in population-based surveys of Hispanics/Latinos and other populations of interest and highlights the complex nature of measuring health outcomes via population-based surveys.
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Dosing Requirements Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia
Authors: Ruiz Jesus , Ferrada Alejandra , Salavert Miguel , Gordon Mónica , Villarreal Esther , Castellanos-Ortega Álvaro , Ramirez Paula 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To assess the probability of reaching adequate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics values for ceftolozane/tazobactam at different doses and degrees of renal functions in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. Methods: Six dosing regimens were evaluated: 0.5/0.25 g, 1/0.5 g, and 2/1 g every 8 hours given as 1 hour or 3 hours infusions. Pharmacokinetic data were obtained from the literature. Susceptibility data to ceftolozane were collected from patients with P aeruginosa infection treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam. Probability of reaching a fraction of time (fT) >40% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fT >100%MIC value for ceftolozane at 3 different renal clearance values was evaluated. For tazobactam, the probability of reaching an fT >40% and >70% for 3 limit values was calculated. Results: Thirty-seven strains were included. For ceftolozane, the probability of reaching a fT >40%MIC was greater than 90% for any degree of renal function. The probability of reaching a fT >100%MIC for 1 g dose infused over 1 hour and 3 hours was 82.2% and 86.4% for a creatinine clearance (ClCr) >90 mL/min. Using a 2 g dose, the probability was greater than 90% for both infusions rates. For tazobactam, the probability of reaching a value of fT >50% of the limit concentrations was greater than 90% for a ClCr of 70 mL/min. In the case of a ClCr >90 mL/min and limit concentration values ≥ 0.25 mg/mL, only extended infusions showed a probability >90%. Conclusions and Relevance: The standard doses of ceftolozane/tazobactam achieve an adequate fT >40%MIC value. However, doses of 2 g in extended infusion is necessary to reach a value of fT >100%MIC, especially in patients with an increased renal clearance and high levels of beta-lactamases expression.
HNF-1 binding point mutation of the AFP gene promotes cirrhosis in post-menopausal women
Authors: Wang Jing-wen , Chen Yong , Liu Qi-cai , Liu Guo-zhong , Zhang Shu-yu , Guo Yu-jia , Li Dong-hong , Chen Xing-ting , Lin Chen , Gao Feng 
Published: January 2020

Objective: α-fetoprotein (AFP) expression is activated during the embryonic stage or hepatocellular carcinogenesis, so it is presumed that AFP is a key endogenous molecule to promote cell proliferation or differentiation. We carried out gene screening in an unknown family with hyper-alpha-fetoproteinemia and some sporadic menopausal women, and discussed the relationship between AFP expression and liver cirrhosis. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from family members, patients with malignant liver tumors, and normal controls were collected. Full-length sequence of AFP was amplified and directly sequenced, and compared with normal controls. HNF-1α and HNF-1β in plasma levels of family members, patients with liver cancer, newborns, pregnant women, and normal subjects were detected by ELISA, and the relationship between HNF-1 and AFP mutation or high expression was evaluated. Results: There was a mutation in AFP promoter region at c.-200 C>T, which was located at the binding site of AFP hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1). AFP was higher than 4000 ng/L in all members carrying the mutation, but liver cancer was excluded in the family with hyper-alpha-fetoprotein. However, cirrhosis occurred in post-menopausal women. The cases reviewed showed that unknown hyper-alpha-fetoprotein was closely related to HNF-1 binding point of AFP in post-menopausal women with cirrhosis (7/11), while the plasma levels of HNF-1α and HNF-1β were not significantly different. Conclusion: The mutation of the HNF-1 binding point of AFP may lead to an abnormal high expression of AFP by altering the binding of HNF transcription factors, which is closely related to cirrhosis in menopausal women.