bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of hydraulic parameters for concreting channels
Authors: Fatxulloyev A , Allayorov D , Otakhonov M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Irrigation channels plays particular importance role to provide water for irrigated areas. In recent years, the irrigation channels of Central Asia have been negatively affected by deformation phenomena. As a result, their hydraulic parameters changed and their throughput decreased. The results of recent studies in the field of the phenomena of deformations in open and in the planning of irrigation channels show that a lot of work has been completed. Ensuring the static and dynamic stability of the channels, increasing the efficiency of the channels currently require to cover the channels with concrete cladding. A high cost of covering the channels with concrete cladding brings reveals the problems in these works. The best solution is to reduce concrete consumption. The article proposes a method for projecting a concrete channel from the condition of a hydraulically most advantageous section. According to the proposed method, the consumption of concrete mixture is reduced by 36% and increased the dynamic stability of the channel (when assessing the nanotransport ability of the channel) is increased by 26%. The rehabilitee of research results are confirmed by the formulas used in practice.
Dynamic behavior of structurally inhomogeneous multiply connected shell structures considering their viscoelastic properties
Authors: Salimov Sh M , Mavlanov T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the statement and methods for solving dynamic problems of multiply connected structurally inhomogeneous shell structures, which make it possible to reduce the problem of calculating a wide class of engineering structures to computer-aided design tasks. On the basis of numerical experiments and multi-parameter analysis of the system as a whole, a number of fundamentally important applied problems have been solved for calculating the dynamic characteristics of oscillations (frequencies, modes, determinant resonant amplitudes and damping coefficients) of special structures depending on the parameters of structural inhomogeneity.
The results obtained made it possible to identify some mechanical effects of theoretical and practical importance. The developed methods and algorithms allow, at the stage of inhomogeneous systems design, combining inhomogeneous materials and connections with various rheological properties, to establish the ranges of parameter values for numerical-experimental search of the most rational (in terms of efficiency) dissipative properties and material consumption of engineering structures. It was established that an account for nonlinear strain in the material does not strongly distort the picture of linearly viscoelastic calculation.
The Mathematical Model of Transverse Vibrations of the Three-Layer Plate
Authors: Khudoynazarov Kh , Yaxshiboyev Sh R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article in a flat setting investigated the antisymmetric oscillations of a three-layer plate, which is infinite in plan. It is believed that the plate is not symmetrical in thickness. Based on the exact solutions of the equations of the linear theory of elasticity in transformations, a theory of unsteady transverse vibrations of a three-layer plate is developed. The oscillation equations are derived with respect to two auxiliary functions, which are the main parts of the longitudinal and transverse displacements of the points of some “intermediate” surface of the middle layer. The distance of this surface to the coordinate plane of the plate is arbitrary. All components of the stress tensors and displacement vectors at the points of the layers are expressed, like the vibration equations, through the introduced auxiliary functions. The problem of harmonic antisymmetric vibrations of an elastic three-layer plate is solved.
Theoretical study of shock-aerating activator for dry enrichment of constructional materials
Authors: Kravchenko I N , Fyodorov A O , Kuznetsov Yu A , Goncharenko V V , Abdumuminova D T , Yuldashev Sh U 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For construction in areas remote from the main raw material industrial bases, reconstruction of destroyed objects and infrastructure, roads, especially in mountainous earthquake-prone areas as part of concretes it is advisable to use enriched local natural materials and recycled materials. The most effective method of enrichment is activation of materials by fine grinding. To implement the technology, a new development of small-sized compact activation equipment is proposed, which allows achieving guaranteed strength of concrete while reducing construction time and saving costs for imported materials.
Theoretical bases of hydraulic mixture in round cylindrical pipelines
Authors: Rakhimov K , Ahmedkhodjaeva  , Xoshimov S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hydro transport is characterized by the combined movement of liquid and solid particles, which in a mixture form two-phase or multiphase flows with different physical and mechanical properties. One of the main tasks of hydraulic transport is to study the throughput of pipelines, where taking into account the distribution of sediment concentration over the cross section of the pipeline formed under the influence of gravitational force is of great importance in describing the nature of the two-phase flow. Pressure-bearing suspended flows in hydro transport systems are usually characterized by high volumetric concentrations and a wide range of sizes and densities of solid particles that are part of hydraulic mixtures. The flows under consideration are more complex in their structure than turbulent flows of homogeneous liquids in pipes. Therefore, the methods for calculating these flows are much more complicated than the usual methods of hydraulics of pressure flows of homogeneous liquids. To develop scientif-ically based methods for calculating the parameters of the movement of hydraulic mixtures in pipes, widely used the averaged equations of the weighted flow and experimental data. When moving slurries through pipes, gravity plays a significant role. The article discusses the influence of gravity on the throughput of pressure systems with different slopes and obtains new dependences of the flow rate of turbid flow on the slope of the pressure pipe.
Simulation of the form of contact curves rolls in two-roll modules
Authors: Khurramov Sh R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents the results of the study of roll contact curves in two-roll modules. The shapes of the contact curves of the rolls in the generalized two-roll module are modeled in the case when the nature of the deformation of the contacting bodies is described by empirical formulas. It was revealed that the previously obtained mathematical models, considering the ratio of deformation of contacting bodies to be equal to the ratio of their deformation rates, describe a particular case of interaction in a two-roll module. Expressions are found that determine the ratio of the deformation rates in a two-roll module, which make it possible to determine the shape of the roll contact curves.
Fungal diseases in pistachio trees caused by cylindrosporium concentricum pathogen: A case study of Uzbekistan
Authors: Nazarova O J , Khujaev O T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the fungal infections of pistachios and the results of the fight against them. On a yearly basis, pistachio diseases have a significant impact on yields. Three drugs were utilized in the research. All of them are drugs recommended for use in agriculture. The drugs were used in the recommended doses and the results were shown. As a result of this research, a large part of the pistachio crop can be preserved. It is also recommended to produce a drug that has shown good results against the disease.
The influence of mineral fertilizers on the raw materials and yield of seedling of the Calendula officinalus L
Authors: Ruzmetov U , Mukhsimov N , Ulugova S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers when growing Calendula officinalis L. At the same time, the optimal ratio of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium - was revealed. the use of different consumption rates of mineral fertilizers used in the experiments, it was proved that in spring and autumn the yield of Calendula officinalis seeds increased by 1.7-1.8 times in comparison with the control. The sufficient use of mineral fertilizers leads to an increase in their efficiency of plant development.
Propagation of fungi in the soils: A case study of scientific experimental fields of forestry of Tashkent region
Authors: Khidirov S Yu , Gulmurodov R , Mamiev M S , Yuldosheva D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The sphere of forestry in our republic is developing in the current years. For the purpose of landscaping the territory of our country, reproduction and cultivation of virginia firs, abina firs, pine species, cypress trees, eastern biota, western camel, spruce and other deciduous trees from coniferous trees is widely established. These ornamental trees differ from other ornamental trees and shrubs in their heat–cold, drought resistance. Different landscapes and forest trees are initially planted in germination plants and seedlings from their seeds. In Uzbekistan, diseases of decorative and forest trees, especially their diseases in the germination period, have almost not been studied. The fact that many different diseases are encountered in landscape trees in recent years is known from different sources. The article provides information on the influence of the seasons on the spread of fungi that have appeared on the soil of some plantations and seedlings in Tashkent region.
Technological working process of the centrifugal pneumatic apparatus for spraying mineral fertilizers and their mixtures
Authors: Khudayarov B , Mambetsheripova A , Sarimsakov B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The object of research is the process of centrifugal disk pneumomechanical apparatus for smooth application of mineral fertilizers and their mixtures on the field surface. When mineral fertilizers or their mixtures are sown in the field, the process of separation of grains into fractions is observed. This process takes place after they are thrown from the apparatus, that is, in space motion. This means that the quality control of mineral fertilizers is a factor independent of the technological process of the centrifugal disk apparatus. A pneumatic-mechanical hardware scheme was developed using the method of analysis of technological processes of centrifugal devices in existing and patent information materials and the combination of structural elements for high-quality spraying of fertilizer mixtures in them. The pneumomechanical apparatus consists of a horizontal disc with a diameter of 600 mm, 4 logarithmic coil-shaped blades on the disc, and 4 additional air-generating devices under each disc under the disc. The centrifugal pneumomechanical device has two functions at the same time, the first is to spray mineral fertilizers, and the second is to create an additional air flow and direct it behind the discarded fertilizer grains, which ensures even spraying of component fertilizers of different sizes, shapes and densities.
Study of the influence of the guiding device on increasing the efficiency of fiber cleaning
Authors: Egamberdiev F O , Jumaniyazov K J , Abbazov I Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this article, the techniques and technologies established in the process of cleaning cotton and fiber are based on the fact that in the republic the cotton harvest is carried out mainly by hand. In order to preserve the natural quality of the cotton harvested in cotton pickers, it is necessary to improve the equipment for cleaning the fibers. The fiber refining process is one of the most important final processes in the cotton processing process, given that the quality of the fiber largely depends on the efficiency of this process. The article analyzes the scientific work on the mechanization of the type of collection and increasing the efficiency of its cleaning. In order to increase the efficiency of machine cotton picking, information is given on the need to improve the equipment for cleaning fibers used in cotton ginning enterprises. The research is based on the need to replace a specially designed device that guides the fiber to the desired tooth of the first saw cylinder located in a dual drum fiber cleaning equipment. It turned out that the new structural device can be installed on the existing equipment for cleaning fibers of JSC “Zarbdor pakhta tozalash” in the Jizzakh region and can produce from 18.2 to 127.4 kg of fiber from cotton of the first and fourth grades. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were given for widespread introduction of cotton into the production of cotton by installing a special guiding device on the equipment for cleaning fibers installed at primary processing enterprises.
Study of the electrical resistance of the components of healthy cotton seeds and those infected with gummosis
Authors: Mukhammadiev A , Denmukhammadiev A , Pardaev A , Abdirakhmonov I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article provides data on the impact of high-voltage current of electric spark discharges on the culture of gummosis located on the surface of a cotton seed, special electrodes were made to determine electrical resistance, a method for conducting research experiments was developed, the liquid was from the outside of the peel, an electronic megohmmeter was used for measurement, for conducting experiments have drawn up a block diagram of the research methodology. The analysis of the works shows the absence of any data on the electrophysical parameters of the moistened pubescent seeds before sowing. Therefore, the study of the electrophysical characteristics of sown moistened pubescent cotton seeds is of scientific and practical importance for substantiating the operating parameters of electric spark treatment. Before sowing, pubescent cotton seeds are sorted (low-quality seeds are separated up to 10-15%), then moistened. The morphology and the mechanism of wetting cotton seeds are reflected in the analyzed works, and in the sectional view of the cotton seed. In the process of moistening, the main site of moisture absorption at the initial stage of moistening after backfilling is chalaza. Together with moisture, oxygen also enters the crumpled cotyledons, after which the root makes its way through the micropile. The peel protects the seed core from excessive oxygen supply. At the same time, the skin of the seed prevents the rapid flow of moisture into the seed. An electrical circuit is presented that ensures the completeness of seed treatment. And also the materials are given regarding the “electric hardening” of the water being humidified. Preconditions have been made for the automation of the seed moistening process.
Quality of friction drive moving spindels of cotton picking machine with vertical spindel
Authors: Yusupov Sh , Shoumarova M , Abdillayev T , Shovazov K , Xusainov B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article provides some information on the quality of cleaning the external friction (V-belt) drive, which drives the spindles of the vertical spindle of cotton picking machine, produced in the Tashkent Agricultural Tractor Plant.
It is known that the main indicator for assessing the technological process of the cotton picking machine is the level of harvesting of ripe cotton. The degree of picking depends on many factors, the most important of which is that the amount of rotation velocity of the spindle around its axis, which meets the cotton ball, does not change. Factually, the degree of picking depends on the amount of absolute velocity of the spindle tooth, which acts like a double-sided blade, especially on its direction, as determined by previous fundamental research [1-4].
The absolute velocity of the tooth is the geometric sum of the working velocity of the machine in the field Vm
, the rotational velocity of the spindle drum Vb
and the rotational velocity Vsh
given by the rotation of the spindle around its axis. It is explained that since the motor of a machine used in the field is always running at rated velocity, the values of Vm
and Vb
remain constant, but for various reasons, the angular velocity of the spindle, i.e. the rotational velocity of the tooth, remains the same as the constructor fixed. If the velocity of a single Vsh
changes, the absolute velocity of the tooth will change, and in some cases it will not be possible that the tooth cannot grind cotton. In a horizontal-spindle cotton picking machine, the “rigid” drive, which transmits motion to the spindles, ensures that the angular velocity of the spindle in the spinning zone is always within the limits set by the constructer. Therefore, its picking rate does not change. The disadvantages of the vertical spindle device are that the Tashkent Agricultural Tractor Plant does not pay attention to the fact that its parameters do not meet the technical requirements in the production of the above-mentioned friction drive for the spindle. For example, the tension of the three piston belts in a friction drive is not controlled in the assembly shop. Due to the fact that the tension of the belts is not the same, the pressure exerted by the belts on the spindle roller, and therefore the frictional forces that rotate the spindle, will be different. When the spindle tooth is stuck to the cotton ball and the resistance to rotation is increased, the angular velocity of the spindle decreases and the direction of the absolute velocity of the tooth becomes uncomfortable.
The article examines the tension of the outer straps of the friction drive in 28 new devices assembled at the plant and presents the results of the analysis.
Common carp maturation and fecundity and reproduction optimization in Uzbekistan
Authors: Kamilov B G , Yuldashov M A , Soatov U R , Toshova N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reproductive biology of cultured common carp in Uzbekistan was studied. The ages, total lengths of the samples studied ranged 1-5 years, 5.0 - 87.0 cm in standard length. In spring, 1-year-old fish (8.0-25.0) cm had gonads at stage I; 2-years-old females (18.0 – 33.0 cm) had gonads at stage I (23 %) and II (77 %); 3-years-old females (25.6–47.1 cm) had ovaries at stage II (43 %) and III-IV (57 %); all 4-year-old and 5-year-old females were mature. Females mature when they reached 32 cm in standard length. Absolute fecundity varied 131–1830 thousand eggs, relative fecundity was 190.5–344.0 eggs/g of gutted fish body, real fecundity was 200.0–1300.0 thousand eggs. Average individual ripe egg size varied 1.32–1.52 mm. Positive correlation between maturation, absolute fecundity and growth was determined. For broodstock forming optimization, additional (to body size) fish characteristic should be entered to selection; fish growth could be recommended as such measure. Annual artificial selection of fishes with standard length at different ages (at least SL1 – 13 cm; SL2 - 25 cm; SL3 – 32 cm) would form broodstock which mature at 3-years-old age with real fecundity 800 – 1300 thousand eggs.
The influence of different aged Black Saxaul plants on distribution, growth and accumulation of aboveground phytomass of Poa Bulboza L.
Authors: Ubaydullayev Sh , Shamsutdinov N , Yoziyev L , Kurbanov A , Yuldashev Sh. , Hakimova M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and degree of influence of different-aged plants of Black Saxaul on Bulbous Bluegrass - one of the dominant species of sagebrush-ephemeral pastures. The study was conducted using phytometer method in the conditions of the desert zone of Uzbekistan on the ephemeroid-wormwood-black saxaul phytocenosis, formed as a result of self-seeding on inter-band spaces of pasture-protective Black Saxaul plantations. It is established that the character of the phytogenic influence of Saxaul on Bluegrass can be characterized as ambiguous conjugacy: in the minimal phytogenic field, the character of this influence is negative and therefore is gradually replaced, as a result of which the number of this species-phytometer significantly decreases, there are zones where bluegrass is absent. Growing specimens are stunted and poorly developed, so they accumulate insignificant aboveground phytomass. The character of the influence of Saxaul in the outer part of the phytogenic field on bluegrass was positive. Therefore, it is numerous here, grows better and accumulates 1,5-3 times more aboveground phytomass than outside the phytogenic field (control). Within the phytogenic field of Black Saxaul for Bluegrass Bulbous most “environmentally comfortable place” is the border of the internal and external parts of this field. In this part of the phytogenic field, due to its ecological and biological properties, the number of phytometer species reaches the highest value; they grow rapidly and accumulate the largest aboveground phytomass. The degree of influence depends on the age status of the Black Saxaul.The highest degree of influence on the abundance, growth and formation of over ground phytomass of Bluegrass Bulbous is observed in the phytogenic field of middle-aged species-edificators: the minimum field increases and reaches its maximum in the area where Bluegrass Bulbous is completely displaced, and on the border of internal and external parts and in the outer part opposed to a phytogenic one field due to the positive influence of species-edificators of the number of phytometra increases sharply, the values of the linear growth of shoots and accumulation of aboveground biomass reach the highest values. The smallest phytogenic effect of the edifier species on the phytometer species is observed in the phytogenic field of virginal plants of the black saxaul. The phytogenic effect on bluegrass is distributed in virginal individuals of the active species outside the crown at a distance of 90 cm, in young generative - by 120 cm and in middle-aged generative - by 150 cm and even 180 cm. When further removed, the distribution, growth and formation of aboveground phytomass of the phytometer species does not depend on the edifier species.
Seasonal variation of heavy metals in surface water of the Ananea river contaminated by artisanal mining, Peru
Authors: Pari-Huaquisto D C , Alfaro-Alejo R , Pilares-Hualpa I , Belizario G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective of this research work is to evaluate the effects of mining tailings leak on the water quality of the Ananea river, which contain heavy metals. For which techniques such as taking surface water samples were applied at five strategic points, programming two sampling campaigns; one in the rainy season (March) and the other in the dry season (June). Heavy metal concentrations were determined by the EPA METHOD 200.7 Atomic Emission Spectrometry method; The results show that the highest concentrations were recorded at the M-1 sampling point for both the dry season and the rainy season. These concentrations are well above the peruvian Environmental Quality Standards (WQS) for water. In the same way, point M-1 was identified as the most critical and vulnerable to contamination in the study area by heavy metals that are above WQS. Likewise, the survey technique was applied, for which a question sheet was prepared for the surrounding population according to the activities carried out in this part of the basin, obtaining data to determine the effects caused by mining pollution on the surrounding life. In conclusion, the quality of the waters of the Ananea River are contaminated by the presence of heavy metals and these have been causing negative effects to all the surrounding life found in the study area.