bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reirradiation practices for children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Cacciotti Chantel , Liu Kevin X , Haas-Kogan Daphne A , Warren Katherine E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are a leading cause of brain tumor deaths in children. Current standard of care includes focal radiation therapy (RT). Despite clinical improvement in most patients, the effect is temporary and median survival is less than 1 year. The use and benefit of reirradiation have been reported in progressive DIPG, yet standardized approaches are lacking. We conducted a survey to assess reirradiation practices for DIPG in North America.

Methods
A 14-question REDCap survey was disseminated to 396 North American physicians who care for children with CNS tumors.

Results
The response rate was 35%. Participants included radiation-oncologists (63%; 85/135) and pediatric oncologists/neuro-oncologists (37%; 50/135). Most physicians (62%) treated 1 to 5 DIPG patients per year, with 10% treating more than 10 patients per year. Reirradiation was considered a treatment option by 88% of respondents. Progressive disease and worsening clinical status were the most common reasons to consider reirradiation. The majority (84%) surveyed considered reirradiation a minimum of 6 months following initial RT. Doses varied, with median total dose of 2400 cGy (range, 1200-6000 cGy) and fraction size of 200 cGy (range, 100-900 cGy). Concurrent use of systemic agents with reirradiation was considered in 46%, including targeted agents (37%), biologics (36%), or immunotherapy (25%). One-time reirradiation was the most common practice (71%).

Conclusion
Although the vast majority of physicians consider reirradiation as a treatment for DIPG, total doses and fractionation varied. Further clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal radiation dose and fractionation for reirradiation in children with progressive DIPG.
Harsh and Sweet Sensations Predict Acute Liking of Electronic Cigarettes, but Flavor Does Not Affect Acute Nicotine Intake: A Pilot Laboratory Study in Men
Authors: Baker Allison N , Bakke Alyssa J , Branstetter Steven A , Hayes John E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Electronic cigarette use is increasing in popularity, and thousands of flavors are available. Adolescent vaping rates in the United States have nearly doubled in the past year. Unlike combustible tobacco, added flavors are not currently regulated for some types of electronic cigarette products. Here, we investigated the role of flavor in electronic cigarette liking and acute intake.

Methods
Men (n = 39) aged 18–45 vaped in a controlled laboratory setting after being randomized to one of four e-liquids: 6 mg nicotine/mL cherry, 18 mg/mL cherry, 6 mg/mL chocolate, or 18 mg/mL chocolate. They completed several questionnaires, and vaped ad libitum for 10 minutes. After the first puff, participants rated sensations (sweetness, bitterness, coolness, harshness/irritation) on general labeled magnitude scales (gLMS) and rated overall liking on a generalized hedonic scale. Once the 10-minute session ended, participants made another set of ratings.

Results
Liking was generally stable across the vaping session and liking varied substantially across the four conditions. Across all conditions, sensory ratings predicted liking: harshness/irritation was negatively associated with first puff liking, whereas perceived sweetness was positively associated with first puff liking. First puff liking associated with increased amount of e-liquid vaped, but not total nicotine intake. Participants appeared to titrate their nicotine intake regardless of assigned condition.

Conclusion
Flavored e-liquids affect acute liking ratings, but not acute nicotine intake.

Implications
These data suggest individuals who regularly vape may titrate their nicotine intake, regardless of flavor, and contrary to expectations, acute liking did not predict total nicotine intake. However, more-liked flavors may potentially make higher nicotine levels more tolerable by adding pleasant sensations directly, rather than by perceptual masking that reduces aversive sensations.
Regularity Coefficients for Impulsive Differential Equations
Authors: Barreira Luis , Valls Claudia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For a linear impulsive differential equation, we introduce a Lyapunov regularity coefficient following as far as possible the non-impulsive case. We recall that a regularity coefficient is a quantity that characterizes the Lyapunov regularity of the dynamics. In particular, we obtain lower and upper bounds for the Lyapunov regularity coefficient and we show that its computation can always be reduced to that of the corresponding coefficient of an impulsive dynamics defined by upper triangular matrices. We also relate the Lyapunov regularity coefficient with the Grobman regularity coefficient. Finally, we combine all the former results to establish a criterion for tempered exponential behavior in terms of the Lyapunov exponents and of the Lyapunov regularity coefficient.
SNP Variants at 16p13.11 Clarify the Role of the NDE1/miR-484 Locus in Major Mental Illness in Finland
Authors: Sinha Vishal , Ortega-Alonso Alfredo , Ukkola-Vuoti Liisa , Linnaranta Outi , Zheutlin Amanda B , Torniainen-Holm Minna , Therman Sebastian , Tuulio-Henriksson Annamari , Jylhä Pekka , Kaprio Jaakko , Hovatta Iiris , Isometsä Erkki , Cannon Tyrone D , Lönnqvist Jouko , Paunio Tiina , Suvisaari Jaana , Hennah William 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Through copy number variations, the 16p13.11 locus has been consistently linked to mental disorders. This locus contains the NDE1 gene, which also encodes microRNA-484. Both of them have been highlighted to play a role in the etiology of mental illness. A 4-SNP haplotype spanning this locus has been shown to associate with schizophrenia in Finnish females. Here we set out to identify any functional variations implicated by this haplotype. We used a sequencing and genotyping study design to identify variations of interest in a Finnish familial cohort ascertained for schizophrenia. We identified 295 variants through sequencing, none of which were located directly within microRNA-484. Two variants were observed to associate with schizophrenia in a sex-dependent manner (females only) in the whole schizophrenia familial cohort (rs2242549 P = .00044; OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.40; rs881803 P = .00021; OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.40). Both variants were followed up in additional psychiatric cohorts, with neuropsychological traits, and gene expression data, in order to further examine their role. Gene expression data from the familial schizophrenia cohort demonstrated a significant association between rs881803 and 1504 probes (FDR q &lt; 0.05). These were significantly enriched for genes that are predicted miR-484 targets (n = 54; P = .000193), and with probes differentially expressed between the sexes (n = 48; P = .000187). While both SNPs are eQTLs for NDE1, rs881803 is located in a predicted transcription factor binding site. Based on its location and association pattern, we conclude that rs881803 is the prime functional candidate under this locus, affecting the roles of both NDE1 and miR-484 in psychiatric disorders.
Brief behavioral treatment for insomnia improves psychosocial functioning in veterans: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Maguen Shira , Gloria Rebecca , Huggins Joy , Goldstein Lizabeth A , Kanady Jennifer C , Straus Laura D , Metzler Thomas J , Lujan Callan , Neylan Thomas C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesOur goal was to compare brief behavioral treatment for insomnia (BBTI) to a progressive muscle relaxation training (PMRT) control condition among veterans with insomnia, examining psychosocial functioning as a primary outcome and sleep-related outcomes, mood, cognition, and pain as secondary outcomes.MethodsVeterans were randomly assigned to either BBTI or PMRT (N = 91; 24–74 years; M = 49 years). BBTI consisted of two in-person (60-min and 30-min sessions) and two telephone sessions (20-min each), and the PMRT control condition was matched to BBTI for session duration and type. Veterans were assessed through clinical interview at baseline and self-report measures at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment, as well as 6-month follow-up for the BBTI condition to assess sustained response. Measures also included continuous sleep monitoring with sleep diary.ResultsIntent-to-treat analyses demonstrated that individuals who completed BBTI versus PMRT reported greater improvements in work, home, social and cognitive functioning, insomnia symptom severity, mood, and energy. Improvements in psychosocial functioning, insomnia symptoms, and mood were maintained 6-months following BBTI treatment completion.ConclusionsVeterans who received BBTI improved and maintained gains in psychosocial functioning, insomnia, and mood. BBTI is a treatment that can be implemented in primary care, mental health, or integrated care settings and provide symptom relief and improved functioning among those with insomnia, one of the most commonly reported mental health problems among veterans.Clinical trial registrationNCT02571452.
Oxidative damage, inflammation, genotoxic effect, and global DNA methylation caused by inhalation of formaldehyde and the purpose of melatonin
Authors: Bernardini Letícia , Barbosa Eduardo , Charão Mariele Feiffer , Goethel Gabriela , Muller Diana , Bau Claiton , Steffens Nadine Arnold , Santos Stein Carolina , Moresco Rafael Noal , Garcia Solange Cristina , Souza Vencato Marina , Brucker Natália 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFormaldehyde (FA) exposure has been proven to increase the risk of asthma and cancer. This study aimed to evaluate for 28 days the FA inhalation effects on oxidative stress, inflammation process, genotoxicity, and global DNA methylation in mice as well as to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin. For that, analyses were performed on lung, liver and kidney tissues, blood, and bone marrow. Bronchoalveolar lavage was used to measure inflammatory parameters. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyl (PCO), non-protein thiols (NPSH), catalase activity (CAT), comet assay, micronuclei (MN), and global methylation were determined. The exposure to 5-ppm FA resulted in oxidative damage to the lung, presenting a significant increase in TBARS and NO levels and a decrease in NPSH levels, besides an increase in inflammatory cells recruited for bronchoalveolar lavage. Likewise, in the liver tissue, the exposure to 5-ppm FA increased TBARS and PCO levels and decreased NPSH levels. In addition, FA significantly induced DNA damage, evidenced by the increase of % tail moment and MN frequency. The pretreatment of mice exposed to FA applying melatonin improved inflammatory and oxidative damage in lung and liver tissues and attenuated MN formation in bone marrow cells. The pulmonary histological study reinforced the results observed in biochemical parameters, demonstrating the potential beneficial role of melatonin. Therefore, our results demonstrated that FA exposure with repeated doses might induce oxidative damage, inflammatory, and genotoxic effects, and melatonin minimized the toxic effects caused by FA inhalation in mice.
Silymarin in combination with chlorogenic acid protects against hepatotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats: possible role of adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Abbas Noha A T , Awad Mohammed M , Nafea Ola E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany xenobiotics are known to cause hepatic damage with subsequent significant morbidity and mortality. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent. DOX is reported to cause hepatocellular damage. Previous studies verified the promising role of many natural antioxidant products against various models of hepatic dysfunction. We conducted this study to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effect of silymarin (SILY) and/or chlorogenic acid (CGA) in a rat model of DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. For this purpose, we randomly divided 30 adult male rats into five equal groups as control, DOX, co-treated DOX with SILY, co-treated DOX with GCA and co-treated DOX with SILY and CGA groups. All treatments were administered every second day for 4 weeks. Our results showed that simultaneous SILY and CGA administration caused a significant decrease in hepatic apoptosis biomarkers (hepatic caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB levels), a significant improvement in hepatic oxidant/antioxidant status (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase) and significant decrease in hepatic pro-inflammatory biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interlukin-1β) compared with DOX treatment. We concluded that adding CGA to SILY acts as a hepatoprotective agent against DOX-induced liver injury through inhibiting apoptosis biomarkers, maintaining antioxidant enzyme levels, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as regulating liver adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling.
Risk Factors Associated with Skin Tear Development in the Canadian Long-term Care Population
Authors: LeBlanc Kimberly , Woo Kevin Y. , VanDenKerkhof Elizabeth , Woodbury M. Gail 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Skin tears (STs) are prevalent wounds found in aging populations and in particular among those living in long-term care (LTC) settings. They are often misunderstood as expected outcomes of aging and as a result are frequently underrecognized and undertreated. Although many factors have been associated with ST development, there is little evidence to corroborate their roles as ST risks.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the risk factors associated with ST development in the Ontario LTC population.

METHODS
A prospective study design was used to explore the risk factors associated with ST development. A total of 380 individuals 65 years or older from four LTC facilities in Ontario were examined for STs at the beginning of the study and at week 4 to determine if STs had occurred.

RESULTS
The study found an ST prevalence of 20.8% and an incidence of 18.9%. History of an ST at baseline (relative ratio [RR], 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–2.70; P = .002); the presence of skin changes associated with aging, ecchymosis, and hematomas (RR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.43–1.79; P < .001); chronic disease (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03–1.32; P = .018); requiring assistance with activities of daily living (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.18; P < .001); and displaying aggressive behavior (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.10; P = .001) were key risk factors associated with ST development.

CONCLUSIONS
These results provide much needed Ontario data on the risk factors associated with ST development and can be used to support prevention programs mitigating ST risk.
Incidence and Variables Predictive of Pressure Injuries in Patients Undergoing Ventricular Assist Device and Total Artificial Heart Surgeries: An 8-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Brindle Tod 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the incidence and risk factors of pressure injury (PI) development after ventricular assist device (VAD) or total artificial heart (TAH) surgery.

METHODS
The investigator reviewed all VAD-TAH surgeries performed between 2010 and 2018 in a large academic health system. The PIs were reported by case incidence, patient incidence, and incidence density for each of the respective 1,000 patient days during the study period. Statistics on four different VAD-TAH devices were assessed; variables significant in bivariate analysis were entered into a stepwise logistic regression model to identify significant predictors of PI.

RESULTS
The sample included 292 independent VAD-TAH surgeries among 265 patients. Thirty-two patients developed 45 PIs. The PI incidence was 11% (32/292), with a PI incidence per patient of 12% (32/265). Incidence density was 10 per 1,000 patient days (1%) for 2010–2012, 12 per 1,000 patient days (1.2%) for 2013–2015, and 10 per 920 patient days (1.1%) for 2016–2018. Logistic regression revealed that significant predictor variables for PI were age, mechanical ventilation time, and preoperative Braden Scale score. The mean time to PI was 23 days after admission and over 14 days after surgery, indicating a low rate of intraoperative and ICU-associated PI.

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of PI was lower than anticipated given historic rates. Potential mechanisms by which these patients were protected from PI are discussed. Prospective studies to further investigate significant risk factors and effective prevention measures are warranted.
The FAITH and HEALTH Trials: Are We Studying Different Hip Fracture Patient Populations?
Authors: Blankstein Michael , Schemitsch Emil H. , Bzovsky Sofia , Axelrod Daniel , Poolman Rudolf W. , Frihagen Frede , Bhandari Mohit , Swiontkowski Marc , Sprague Sheila , Schottel Patrick C. ,   on behalf of the FAITH and HEALTH Investigators
Published: October 2020

Background:
Over the past decade, 2 randomized controlled trials were performed to evaluate 2 surgical strategies (internal fixation and arthroplasty) for the treatment of low-energy femoral neck fractures in patients aged ≥50 years. We evaluated whether patient populations in both the FAITH and HEALTH trials had different baseline characteristics and compared the displaced femoral neck fracture cohort from the FAITH trial to HEALTH trial patients.

Methods:
Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and fracture characteristics from both trials were compared. FAITH trial patients with displaced fractures were then compared with HEALTH patients. T-tests and χ2 tests were performed to compare differences for sex, age, osteoporosis status, and ASA class.

Results:
The mean age of the 1079 FAITH trial patients was 72 versus 79 years for the 1441 HEALTH trial patients. HEALTH patients were older, mostly White, used more medication, and had more comorbidities than FAITH patients. Of the 1079 FAITH trial patients, 32% (346/1079) had displaced fractures. Their mean age was significantly lower than that of HEALTH patients (66 vs. 79 years; P < 0.001). HEALTH trial patients were significantly more likely to be female, have ASA classification Class III/IV/V, and carry a diagnosis of osteoporosis, as compared with the subgroup of FAITH patients with displaced femoral neck fractures (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates significant differences between patients enrolled in the 2 trials. Although both studies focused on femoral neck fractures with similar enrollment criteria, patient populations differed. This sheds light on a noteworthy limitation of discordant patient enrollment into randomized trials, despite similar eligibility criteria.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
What Predicts Health-Related Quality of Life for Patients With Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures Managed With Arthroplasty? A Secondary Analysis of the HEALTH Trial
Authors: Axelrod Daniel , Comeau-Gauthier Marianne , Bzovsky Sofia , Schemitsch Emil H. , Poolman Rudolf W. , Frihagen Frede , Guerra-Farfán Ernesto , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Bhandari Mohit , Sprague Sheila ,   on behalf of the HEALTH Investigators
Published: October 2020

Background:Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been argued to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and function in femoral neck fracture patients compared with hemiarthroplasty (HA). The HEALTH trial showed no clinically important functional advantages of THA over HA. The current analysis explores factors associated with HRQoL and function in this population.Methods:Using repeated measures regression, we estimated the association between HRQoL and function [Short Form-12 (SF-12) physical component score (PCS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) function score] and 23 variables.Results:THA as compared to monopolar HA, but not bipolar HA, was more likely to improve PCS scores (adjusted mean difference [AMD] 1.88 points,P= 0.02), whereas higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (AMD −2.64,P< 0.01), preoperative use of an aid (AMD −2.66,P< 0.01), and partial weight-bearing status postoperatively (AMD −1.38,P= 0.04) demonstrated less improvement of PCS scores over time. THA improved WOMAC function scores over time compared with monopolar HA (but not bipolar HA) (AMD −2.40,P< 0.01), whereas higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (AMD 1.99,P= 0.01) and preoperative use of an aid (AMD 5.39,P< 0.01) were associated with lower WOMAC function scores. Preoperative treatment for depression was associated with lower functional scores (AMD 7.73,P< 0.01).Conclusion:Patients receiving THA are likely to receive small and clinically unimportant improvements in health utility and function compared with those receiving monopolar HA and little improvement compared with those receiving bipolar HA. Patient-specific characteristics seem to play a larger role in predicting functional improvement among femoral neck fracture patients.Level of Evidence:Prognostic Level II.
Arthroplasty Versus Internal Fixation for the Treatment of Undisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Afaq Shaikh , O'Hara Nathan N. , Schemitsch Emil H. , Bzovsky Sofia , Sprague Sheila , Poolman Rudolf W. , Frihagen Frede , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Bhandari Mohit , Swiontkowski Marc , Slobogean Gerard P. ,   on behalf of the FAITH and HEALTH Investigators
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To compare the 24-month risk of mortality between arthroplasty and internal fixation for undisplaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs).

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Secondary data analysis of 2 multinational randomized controlled trials.

Participants:
Patients aged 50 years or older with a FNF.

Intervention:
Arthroplasty (n = 1441), including total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty, performed for a displaced FNF versus internal fixation (n = 734), including sliding hip screw or multiple cancellous screws, performed for an undisplaced FNF.

Main Outcome Measurement:
The primary outcome was mortality within 24 months of injury. Secondary outcomes included reoperation and health-related quality of life.

Results:
The 24-month mortality rate was 15.0% (n = 327). Arthroplasty was associated with a significant reduction in the odds of mortality [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44–0.72, P < 0.01] compared with treatment with internal fixation. 11.4% (n = 248) of the study patients required reoperation within 24 months of injury. The odds of reoperation were 59% lower with arthroplasty treatment than with internal fixation (aOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.32–0.55, P < 0.01). The 24-month SF-12 physical component scores were 2.7 points higher in arthroplasty patients compared with internal fixation patients (95% CI: 1.6–3.8, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest arthroplasty for a FNF may reduce the risk of mortality and reoperation compared with internal fixation of undisplaced fractures. This finding is counter to many current surgical practices but consistent with a mounting body of evidence. Before widespread adoption of arthroplasty for undisplaced fractures, these results should be confirmed in a definitive comparative trial.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.