bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixed‐dose combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Katsiki Niki , Ofori‐Asenso Richard , Ferrannini Ele , Mazidi Mohsen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present meta‐analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin + linagliptin combination compared with either monotherapy [n=6 randomized controlled trials; 2857 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on diet + exercise ± metformin; 39.7% women; mean age: 54.6–59.9 years]. The combination of empagliflozin 10 mg + linagliptin 5 mg led to significantly greater reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) compared with either drug alone over 24 weeks: weighted mean difference [WMD; −0.72%, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.04, −0.40], and fasting plasma glucose (−1.60 mmol/L 95% CI: −2.21, −1.00). Similar results were observed when empagliflozin 25 mg + linagliptin 5 mg was compared with linagliptin 5 mg monotherapy or with empagliflozin 10 or 25 mg monotherapy. Patients with T2DM treated with the drug combination had more than three times higher likelihood of achieving HbA1c <7% than those on either monotherapy. Weight reduction was significantly greater in the combination group only when compared with linagliptin monotherapy. Safety profile was similar between combination treatment and monotherapies. Overall, the empagliflozin + linagliptin combination had superior efficacy and similar safety in achieving euglycaemia compared with either monotherapy. This combination, administered once daily, has the potential to reduce regimen complexity, enhance adherence and improve outcomes in clinical practice.
Collaboration and innovation: An empirical study of Indian technological enterprises
Authors: Heaton Chris , Kolluru Srinivas , Mukhopadhaya Pundarik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn 2010, the Indian government declared 2010–2020 to be the ‘Decade of Innovation’ and established the State Innovation Councils and Sectoral Innovation Councils to encourage and facilitate innovation by technological firms. In this paper, we study the relationship between collaboration and innovation in a cross‐section of Indian firms, paying particular attention to the impact of the innovation councils. Our results suggest that domestic collaborations have an important impact on firm innovation, as do the innovation councils, but that the impact of the councils is less for firms that collaborate.
First report of Rhytisma filamentosum causing tar‐spot disease on Salix koriyanagi
Authors: Jung Bok Nam , Park Ji‐Hyun , Shin Hyeon‐Dong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of previously unknown tar‐spot disease on Salix koriyanagi was observed during surveys for forest disease outbreaks in Korea. The fungus associated with tar‐spot disease was identified as Rhytisma filamentosum based on morphological characteristics of the fungus and molecular sequencing of the ITS and 28S rDNA regions of two samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. filamentosum on S. koriyanagi from Korea, following its first discovery on Salix integra in Japan.
Treatment initiation decisions in newly diagnosed epilepsy–A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sharma Sameer , Chen Zhibin , Rychkova Maria , Dunne John , Lee Judy , Kalilani Linda , Lawn Nicholas , Kwan Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the factors and reasons influencing treatment initiation decisions in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.MethodsWe assessed antiseizure medication initiation decisions in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy seen at first seizure clinics in Western Australia between 1999 and 2016 and followed to 2018.ResultsOf 610 patients (median age 40 years, 61.0% male), 426 (69.8%) were diagnosed after two or more seizures and 184 (30.2%) after a single seizure with risk factors for recurrence. Treatment was commenced in 427 patients (70.0%) at diagnosis, 112 (18.4%) during follow‐up, mostly after further seizures, whereas 71 (11.6%) remained untreated at last follow‐up. Elders (≥65 years, odds ratio [OR] = 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62‐5.80), more seizures (OR = 3.48, 95% CI: 2.03‐5.96), and epileptogenic lesions on neuroimaging (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.26‐3.68) had a higher likelihood of treatment at diagnosis. Patients with less than one seizure per year within the preceding year (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21‐0.73) and of higher socioeconomic status (OR = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.977‐0.994) were less likely to be treated. For 93 patients (15.2%), treatment was not recommended at diagnosis, most commonly because only a single seizure had occurred. Ninety patients (14.8%) declined recommended treatment, mostly because they were unconvinced of the need for treatment or the diagnosis.SignificanceThirty percent of adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy were not immediately treated. Treatment initiation in this real‐world cohort was influenced by age, number of seizures prior to diagnosis, imaging findings, patient preferences, and socioeconomic status.
Scaling and fractality in subcritical fatigue crack growth: Crack‐size effects on Paris' law and fatigue threshold
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Montagnoli Francesco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present contribution investigates the crack‐size effects on Paris' law in accordance with dimensional analysis and intermediate asymptotics theory, which makes it possible to obtain a generalised equation able to provide an interpretation to the various empirical power‐laws available in the Literature. Subsequently, within the framework of fractal geometry, scaling laws are determined for the coordinates of the limit‐points of Paris' curve so that a theoretical explanation is provided to the so‐called short cracks problem. Eventually, the proposed models are compared with experimental data available in the literature which seem to confirm the advantage of applying a fractal model to the fatigue problem.
Current status of gerodontology curriculum in India and other parts of the world: A narrative review
Authors: Shigli Kamal , Nayak Sushma S. , Jirge Vasanti , Srinagesh Jyotsna , Murthy Varsha , Gali Sivaranjani 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe current rise in the world's geriatric population has placed additional demands on dental professionals, as the management of geriatric patients requires distinct competencies.AimTo review and perform a content analysis of the gerodontology undergraduate curriculum worldwide.Data sourcesA search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC and EMBASE databases for the period—July 2008 till May 2019, using MeSH terms. A search for websites of Indian universities was also done, and undergraduate curricula were screened.Study eligibility criteriaThe study included articles related to the undergraduate curriculum, which contained training in geriatric dentistry. Articles in foreign languages and those related to dental hygienists were excluded.ResultsA total of 218 articles were obtained, of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 301 colleges taught gerodontology. Amongst them, 50 colleges had a gerodontology department. Clinical training and outreach experience were provided in 175 and 73 colleges, respectively. There are no reports on the status of gerodontology in Asian countries (excluding Japan). In India, gerodontology is not taught as a separate subject. However, few gerodontology‐related topics are covered in clinical subjects.ConclusionsThere seems to be a wide variation in the content of gerodontology curriculum taught worldwide. Other than the European and American regions, gerodontology is yet to develop in other parts of the world. In India, a robust training programme is required to address the lack of dental care providers for the geriatric population using guidelines established by ECG and ADEA.
Impact of dementia on quality of death among cancer patients: An observational study of home palliative care users
Authors: Hirooka Kayo , Nakanishi Miharu , Fukahori Hiroki , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: February 2020

AimThe number of cancer patients with dementia has increased markedly in accordance with aging societies. Cancer patients might receive palliative and end‐of‐life care to maintain their quality of life; however, the impact of dementia on the quality of death is unexamined in this population. Consequently, we explored the impact of dementia on the quality of death among cancer patients.MethodsHome palliative care staff members completed questionnaires regarding cancer patients’ (n = 508) cognitive status, cancer‐related symptoms and quality of death using the good death inventory. Hierarchical regression analyses were carried out for the entire sample and for stratified groups based on the presence of dementia.ResultsOf the 508 patients, 156 (30.7%) had dementia. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that greater quality of death was associated with not having dementia (P < 0.001). Stratified analyses showed that dying at home was related to greater quality of death both in patients with and without dementia. The presence of a primary family caregiver was associated with greater quality of death only in patients with dementia (P < 0.001).ConclusionsCancer patients with dementia were less likely to achieve a good death than those without. Our results suggest the importance of enhancing end‐of‐life care discussions with patients and their families, along with developing specific support strategies to enhance the decision‐making of cancer patients with dementia and their family members. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 354–359.
Connecting care chains and care diamonds: the elderly care skills regime in Singapore
Authors: ORTIGA YASMIN Y. , WEE KELLYNN , YEOH BRENDA S. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch on the globalization of care work often faces the persistent challenge of building meaningful connections between the movement of care labour at a global scale and place‐based frameworks of care access and delivery. In addressing this gap in this article, we propose to take a closer look at how the care‐migration nexus produces ‘ideal’ care workers through a skills regime. Based on the case of elderly care in Singapore, in this article, we demonstrate how state institutions and private agencies attempts to fill local labour needs by producing care workers among both Singapore citizens and migrant women. This leads to contradictory strategies associated with lowering barriers for citizens to enter the elderly care industry, while raising standards and increasing pre‐training demands for migrant domestic workers to perform more ‘professional’ care work within the household. We conclude with a discussion of how these strategies can be understood as a process of ‘filtering’.
Sulfur Hexafluoride and Potassium Bromide as Groundwater Tracers for Managed Aquifer Recharge
Authors: Gerenday Sarah P. , Clark Jordan F. , Hansen Jeffrey , Fischer Ida , Koreny John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an established tracer for use in managed aquifer recharge projects. SF6 exsolves from groundwater when it encounters trapped air according to Henry's law. This results in its retardation relative to groundwater flow, which can help determine porous media saturation and flow dynamics. SF6 and the conservative, nonpartitioning tracer, bromide (Br− added as KBr), were introduced to recharge water infiltrated into stacked glacial aquifers in Thurston County, Washington, providing the opportunity to observe SF6 partitioning. Br−, which is assumed to travel at the same velocity as the groundwater, precedes SF6 at most monitoring wells (MWs). Average groundwater velocity in the unconfined aquifer in the study area ranges from 3.9 to 40 m/d, except in the southwestern corner where it is slower. SF6 in the shallow aquifer exhibits an average retardation factor of 2.5 ± 3.8, suggesting an air‐to‐water ratio on the order of 10−3 to 10−2 in the pore space. Notable differences in tracer arrival times at adjacent wells indicate very heterogeneous conductivity. One MW exhibits double peaks in concentrations of both tracers with different degrees of retardation for the first and second peaks. This suggests multiple flowpaths to the well with variable saturation. The confining layer between the upper two aquifers appears to allow intermittent connection between aquifers but serves as an aquitard in most areas. This study demonstrates the utility of SF6 partitioning for evaluating hydrologic conditions at prospective recharge sites.
Reducing salt content in beef frankfurter by edible coating to achieve inhomogeneous salt distribution
Authors: Xiong Yun , Deng Borui , Warner Robyn Dorothy , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: February 2020

SummaryHigh dietary salt (NaCl) intake is a global health concern which leads to various chronic diseases; hence, the reduction of salt content in foods has been a high demand in the food industry. Inhomogeneous salt distribution is a promising strategy for salt reduction. This study investigated the effect of inhomogeneous salt distribution using salt edible coating on the physiochemical and sensory attributes of beef frankfurter sausages. Results demonstrated that this method significantly reduced the salt content in frankfurter sausages by 60–81% without affecting the consumers’ perception of saltiness intensity. Among the coated samples, 7.5% and 10% salt coating samples showed the best performance on the product quality. However, the problems associated with high cooking loss and hard texture of the salt‐coated sausages need to be further addressed. This research has potentially developed a new method for manufacture of salt‐reduced food.
The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and the Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale: Turkish Version
Authors: Iyigun Emine , Tastan Sevinc , Ayhan Hatice , Pazar Berrin , Tekin Yasemin Eda , Coskun Halise , Saarikoski Mikko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to adapt the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale to the Turkish language and culture.MethodsThis psychometric test was conducted in a nursing school in Ankara, Turkey, from April to June 2014. Convenience sampling was used. The sample of this study was 190 third‐ and fourth‐year nursing students. The items of the scale were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation‐based item analysis. Cronbach's alpha, test and retest analysis were used to measure reliability. Exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were performed to determine validity. Principal component analysis was used to analyze factor.ResultsThe subscales' Cronbach's alpha values were varied between .760 and .933. A positive relationship was found between tests and retests points of the subscales (P < .05). Five factors were identified in the exploratory factor analysis. There was a meaningful correlation between subscale points of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale and the Clinical Learning Environment Scale (P < .05).ConclusionThe Turkish version of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale was validated and a reliable measurement tool. It can be used to evaluate clinical nursing education in Turkey.
Pediatric obesity treatment, self‐esteem, and body image: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Gow Megan L. , Tee Melissa S.Y. , Garnett Sarah P. , Baur Louise A. , Aldwell Katharine , Thomas Sarah , Lister Natalie B. , Paxton Susan J. , Jebeile Hiba 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundPediatric obesity impacts on multiple domains of psychological health, including self‐esteem and body image.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of multicomponent pediatric obesity treatment interventions on self‐esteem and body image.MethodsA systematic search of published literature up to June 2019 was undertaken using electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO. Eligible studies implemented an obesity treatment intervention, including a dietary and physical activity component with/without a behavioral component, in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, and assessed self‐esteem and/or body image. Data were extracted by one reviewer and cross‐checked. Meta‐analysis was used to combine outcome data and moderator analysis conducted to identify intervention characteristics influencing outcomes.Results64 studies were identified. Meta‐analysis of 49 studies (n = 10471) indicated that pediatric obesity treatment results in increased self‐esteem postintervention (standardized mean difference, [SE] 0.34 [0.03], P < .001, I2 87%), maintained at follow‐up (0.35 [0.05] P < .001, I2 79%, 17 studies). Similarly, meta‐analysis of 40 studies (n = 2729) indicated improvements in body image postintervention (0.40 [0.03], P < .001, I2 73%), maintained at follow‐up (0.41 [0.08], P < .001, I2 89%, 16 studies).ConclusionsPediatric obesity treatment improves self‐esteem and body image in the short and medium term. These findings may underpin improvements in other psychological outcomes.
The effects of age on clinical characteristics, hospitalization and mortality of patients with influenza‐related illness at a tertiary care centre in Malaysia
Authors: Wong Pui Li , Sii Hoe Leong , P'ng Chun Keat , Ee Soon Sean , Yong Oong Xiang , Ng Kim Tien , Hanafi Nik Sherina , Tee Kok Keng , Tan Maw Pin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAge is an established risk factor for poor outcomes in individuals with influenza‐related illness, and data on its influence on clinical presentations and outcomes in the South‐East Asian settings are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the above among adults with influenza‐related upper respiratory tract infection at a teaching hospital in Malaysia.MethodsA retrospective case‐note analysis was conducted on a cohort of 3935 patients attending primary care at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia from February 2012 till May 2014 with URTI symptoms. Demographics, clinical characteristics, medical and vaccination history were obtained from electronic medical records, and mortality data from the National Registration Department. Comparisons were made between those aged <25, ≥25 to <65 and ≥65 years.Results470 (11.9%) had PCR‐confirmed influenza virus infection. Six (1.3%) received prior influenza vaccination. Those aged ≥65 years were more likely to have ≥2 comorbidities (P < .001) and were less likely to present with fever (P = .004). One‐third of those aged ≥65 years experienced hospitalization, intensive care admission or death within a year compared to 10% in the ≥25 to <65 years. Age ≥65 years was an independent predictor of hospitalization and death (OR = 9.97; 95% CI = 3.11‐31.93) compared to those aged <25 years.ConclusionOlder patients in our cohort were more likely to have comorbidities and present with atypical features, with older age being an independent predictor of poor health outcomes. Our findings will now inform future health policies on older persons and economic modelling of adult vaccination programmes.
Toward unified molecular surveillance of RSV: A proposal for genotype definition
Authors: Goya Stephanie , Galiano Mónica , Nauwelaers Inne , Trento Alfonsina , Openshaw Peter J. , Mistchenko Alicia S. , Zambon Maria , Viegas Mariana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is classified into antigenic subgroups A and B. Thirteen genotypes have been defined for RSV‐A and 20 for RSV‐B, without any consensus on genotype definition.MethodsWe evaluated clustering of RSV sequences published in GenBank until February 2018 to define genotypes by using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses and average p‐distances.ResultsWe compared the patterns of sequence clustering of complete genomes; the three surface glycoproteins genes (SH, G, and F, single and concatenated); the ectodomain and the 2nd hypervariable region of G gene. Although complete genome analysis achieved the best resolution, the F, G, and G‐ectodomain phylogenies showed similar topologies with statistical support comparable to complete genome. Based on the widespread geographic representation and large number of available G‐ectodomain sequences, this region was chosen as the minimum region suitable for RSV genotyping. A genotype was defined as a monophyletic cluster of sequences with high statistical support (≥80% bootstrap and ≥0.8 posterior probability), with an intragenotype p‐distance ≤0.03 for both subgroups and an intergenotype p‐distance ≥0.09 for RSV‐A and ≥0.05 for RSV‐B. In this work, the number of genotypes was reduced from 13 to three for RSV‐A (GA1‐GA3) and from 20 to seven for RSV‐B (GB1‐GB7). Within these, two additional levels of classification were defined: subgenotypes and lineages. Signature amino acid substitutions to complement this classification were also identified.ConclusionsWe propose an objective protocol for RSV genotyping suitable for adoption as an international standard to support the global expansion of RSV molecular surveillance.
Annual Research Review: Defining and treating pediatric treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Dwyer Jennifer B. , Stringaris Argyris , Brent David A. , Bloch Michael H. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundAdolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant health problem, associated with substantial morbidity, cost, and mortality. Depression is a significant risk factor for suicide, which is now the second leading cause of death in young people. Up to twenty per cent of adolescents will experience MDD before adulthood, and while a substantial proportion will improve with standard‐of‐care treatments (psychotherapy and medication), roughly one third will not.MethodsHere, we have reviewed the literature in order to discuss the concept of treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) in adolescence, examine risk factors, diagnostic difficulties, and challenges in evaluating symptom improvement, and providing guidance on how to define adequate medication and psychotherapy treatment trials.ResultsWe propose a staging model for adolescent TRD and review the treatment literature. The evidence base for first‐ and second‐line treatments primarily derives from four large pediatric clinical trials (TADS, TORDIA, ADAPT, and IMPACT). After two medications and a trial of evidence‐based psychotherapy have failed to alleviate depressive symptoms, the evidence becomes quite thin for subsequent treatments. Here, we review the evidence for the effectiveness of medication switches, medication augmentation, psychotherapy augmentation, and interventional treatments (i.e., transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, and ketamine) for adolescent TRD. Comparisons are drawn to the adult TRD literature, and areas for future pediatric depression research are highlighted.ConclusionsAs evidence is limited for treatments in this population, a careful consideration of the known risks and side effects of escalated treatments (e.g., mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics) is warranted and weighed against potential, but often untested, benefits.