bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal learning analytics for game‐based learning
Authors: Emerson Andrew , Cloude Elizabeth B. , Azevedo Roger , Lester James 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA distinctive feature of game‐based learning environments is their capacity to create learning experiences that are both effective and engaging. Recent advances in sensor‐based technologies such as facial expression analysis and gaze tracking have introduced the opportunity to leverage multimodal data streams for learning analytics. Learning analytics informed by multimodal data captured during students’ interactions with game‐based learning environments hold significant promise for developing a deeper understanding of game‐based learning, designing game‐based learning environments to detect maladaptive behaviors and informing adaptive scaffolding to support individualized learning. This paper introduces a multimodal learning analytics approach that incorporates student gameplay, eye tracking and facial expression data to predict student posttest performance and interest after interacting with a game‐based learning environment, Crystal Island. We investigated the degree to which separate and combined modalities (ie, gameplay, facial expressions of emotions and eye gaze) captured from students (n = 65) were predictive of student posttest performance and interest after interacting with Crystal Island. Results indicate that when predicting student posttest performance and interest, models utilizing multimodal data either perform equally well or outperform models utilizing unimodal data. We discuss the synergistic effects of combining modalities for predicting both student interest and posttest performance. The findings suggest that multimodal learning analytics can accurately predict students’ posttest performance and interest during game‐based learning and hold significant potential for guiding real‐time adaptive scaffolding.
Molecular testing of chronic myeloid leukaemia in low resource areas
Authors: Radich Jerald 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMost cancer cases occur in areas of low resources. The diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancers is especially challenging in these locations. Unique partnerships exist between non‐profit organisations and pharmaceutical companies to provide free drugs to CML patients throughout the world if the diagnosis can be rigorously and unambiguously established. But there lies the rub: How do you perform molecular diagnostics in areas where even electricity is unreliable? Here we describe the evolution of testing patients from low resource areas, which, when merged with a remarkable effort to bring tyrosine kinase inhibitors to patients across the globe, have led to survival outcomes similar to cases in industrialised countries.
A nuclear lncRNA Linc00839 as a Myc target to promote breast cancer chemoresistance via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Qi , Shen Huiling , Zhu Xiaolan , Liu Yueqin , Yang Hui , Chen Hui , Xiong Shangwan , Chi Huamao , Xu Wenlin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChemoresistance has become a leading cause of mortality in breast cancer patients and is one of the major obstacles for improving the clinical outcome. Long noncoding RNAs play important roles in breast cancer tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. However, the involvement and regulation of lncRNAs in breast cancer chemoresistance are not completely understood. Here, we reported that Linc00839 was localized in the nucleus and upregulated in chemoresistant breast cancer cells and tissues, and high level of Linc00839 was associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown of Linc00839 significantly suppressed proliferation, invasion, and migration, sensitized cells to paclitaxel in vitro and inhibited transplant tumor development in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that Myc could directly bind to the promoter region of Linc00839 and activate its transcription. Furthermore, Linc00839 overexpression increased the expression of Myc and the RNA‐binding protein Lin28B and activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. We also discovered that Lin28B positively interacted with Linc00839 and was upregulated in breast cancer tissues. Taken together, for the first time, we showed that Linc00839 was activated by Myc and promoted proliferation and chemoresistance in breast cancer through binding with Lin28B. These findings provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism of Linc00839 and propose a Myc/Linc00839/Lin28B feedback loop that could be used as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Biological mesh reconstruction versus primary closure for preventing perineal morbidity after extralevator abdominoperineal excision: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Sancho‐Muriel J. , Ocaña J. , Cholewa H. , Nuñez J. , Muñoz P. , Flor B. , García J. C. , García‐Granero E. , Die J. , Frasson M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to compare the incidence of perineal hernia and the perineal wound morbidity following extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) between two groups – primary perineal closure and reconstruction with a biological mesh.MethodOne hundred and forty‐seven consecutive patients who underwent ELAPE for primary rectal cancer between January 2007 and December 2018 in two tertiary referral centres were retrospectively identified from prospective databases. Perineal closure was carried out via primary closure or with a biological mesh (porcine dermal collagen mesh). Outcome measures were perineal hernia and perineal wound morbidity (infection, dehiscence, persistent sinus and chronic pain).ResultsA total of 139 patients were included in the study. A prophylactic mesh was used in 80 (57.5%) and primary closure was practised in 59 (42.4%) patients. The median follow‐up was 30 (interquartile range 46.88) months. Thirty patients (21.6%) developed perineal hernia. No significant differences were found between prophylactic mesh and primary closure (16.3% vs 23.3%, P = 0.07). The median period between surgery and hernia diagnosis was 8 months in the primary closure group and 24 months in the mesh group (P < 0.01). Perineal wound morbidity was significantly higher in the prophylactic mesh group (55% vs 33.9%, P < 0.01).ConclusionIn our study, the use of a biological mesh did not reduce the rate of perineal hernia, although it did delay its appearance. Perineal closure using a biological mesh may increase perineal morbidity, both acute and chronic.
Increasing experience of modified two‐stage transanal ileal pouch–anal anastomosis for therapy refractory ulcerative colitis. What have we learned? A retrospective analysis on 75 consecutive cases at a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Bislenghi G. , Martin‐Perez B. , Fieuws S. , Wolthuis A. , D'Hoore A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimIleal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) should be delayed to a second stage in patients with ulcerative colitis and prolonged exposure to medical therapy. However, there is still discussion about whether a modified two‐stage approach is preferable to a three‐stage approach. Recently, a transanal approach has been introduced to overcome the well‐known difficulties of laparoscopic pelvic surgery. This paper presents short‐term outcomes of transanal IPAA (Ta‐IPAA) according to a modified two‐stage approach.MethodsData from all patients who underwent a modified two‐stage Ta‐IPAA for ulcerative colitis refractory to medical therapy were retrieved retrospectively from a prospective database. A comprehensive complication index was used for 90‐day postoperative complications. Conversion, duration of surgery, hospital stay and reoperation were considered. A logistic regression model was used to assess risk factors for peri‐pouch sepsis.ResultsSeventy‐five (68.8%) patients were identified from 109 consecutive IPAAs. Median operation time was 159 min. Conversion rate was 4%. Mean comprehensive complication index was 7. All anastomotic leaks (10.6%) were treated with diverting ileostomy. Additionally, active rescue with transanal drainage and early resuturing of the anastomotic gap was performed in six patients. Ileostomy closure occurred after a median period of 5.4 months. At univariable analysis, factors associated with peri‐pouch sepsis were male gender and age at IPAA construction.ConclusionsA modified two‐stage Ta‐IPAA is safe and feasible. Standardization and reproducibility of the technique are reflected in few conversions and intra‐operative complications. Finally, morbidity and anastomotic leak do not differ from those reported in previous Ta‐IPAA series with a variable proportion of multistage procedures.
Analysis of real‐time heartbeat monitoring using wearable device Internet of Things system in sports environment
Authors: Wang Zhonghua , Gao Zhonghe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTechnology in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) with smartphones is enormously growing at a rapid pace for assisting people with their health conditions. Wearable sensors can provide real time data in the field of sports for monitoring the heartbeat of the athletes which can assist in physical activities. Heartbeat rate of the players change during different positions while playing sports and heartbeat monitoring will help the players to know the health condition thus improving the health of an individual. In this research, we propose a new method of wearable sensor device for collecting real time data of athletes using IoT‐based system for monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns along with acceleration of body using smart phone and classify the obtained data using Radial‐basis Function Network and Levenberg‐Marquardt with Probabilistic Neural Network. The experimental setup of the proposed model performed using 100 persons and effectively classifies the data and predicts the heart rate with the precision of validation and training sample being 73.58% and 73.45 respectively. Thus the proposed IoT‐based prediction system can be used to monitor health data of the athletes in real time as an alternate solution for monitoring physical health of the athletes.
The psychosocial experience and needs of children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from their own perspective: a systematic and narrative review
Authors: DeCosta P. , Grabowski D. , Skinner T. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo understand the psychosocial experience of children and identify their primary support needs following a type 1 diabetes diagnosis.MethodsA systematic review and narrative synthesis of the literature in this area was conducted.ResultsA total of 32 studies were included in the review. At diagnosis, the majority of children experienced high distress, including grief, anxiety, anger, irritation and injection anxiety. The intensity of this reaction decreased rapidly over the following weeks. At diagnosis, rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress disorders and suicidal ideation were elevated. The initial reaction tended to peak shortly after diagnosis and declined over the following year. Thereafter, symptoms of depression and anxiety appeared to increase once again, corresponding with the children’s experience of diabetes management and implications as being more difficult and upsetting. Injection anxiety, distress and depressive symptoms persisted for a smaller group of children.ConclusionThe initial high prevalence of depressive symptoms following diagnosis is transitional and should be regarded as a normal adaptive response. To facilitate this adaptive process, specific child‐centred support should be prioritized as an integrated part of early diabetes care. Our findings point to five inter‐related support needs following a type 1 diabetes diagnosis: (1) children need time to adjust to the diagnosis; (2) children need supportive relationships; (3) children need an opportunity for meaningful participation and appropriate protection; (4) children need to engage and explore; and (5) children need to feel supported, but not different.
Evidence for the evolution of thermal tolerance, but not desiccation tolerance, in response to hotter, drier city conditions in a cosmopolitan, terrestrial isopod
Authors: Yilmaz Aaron R. , Diamond Sarah E. , Martin Ryan A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCities are often hotter and drier compared with nearby undeveloped areas, but how organisms respond to these multifarious stressors associated with urban heat islands is largely unknown. Terrestrial isopods are especially susceptible to temperature and aridity stress as they have retained highly permeable gills from their aquatic ancestors. We performed a two temperature common garden experiment with urban and rural populations of the terrestrial isopod, Oniscus asellus, to uncover evidence for plastic and evolutionary responses to urban heat islands. We focused on physiological tolerance traits including tolerance of heat, cold, and desiccation. We also examined body size responses to urban heat islands, as size can modulate physiological tolerances. We found that different mechanisms underlie responses to urban heat islands. While evidence suggests urban isopods may have evolved higher heat tolerance, urban and rural isopods had statistically indistinguishable cold and desiccation tolerances. In both populations, plasticity to warmer rearing temperature diminished cold tolerance. Although field‐collected urban and rural isopods were the same size, rearing temperature positively affected body size. Finally, larger size improved desiccation tolerance, which itself was influenced by rearing temperature. Our study demonstrates how multifarious changes associated with urban heat islands will not necessarily contribute to contemporary evolution in each of the corresponding physiological traits.
Midlife Children's and Older Mothers' Depressive Symptoms: Empathic Mother–Child Relationships as a Key Moderator
Authors: Polenick Courtney A. , Kim Yijung , DePasquale Nicole , Birditt Kira S. , Zarit Steven H. , Fingerman Karen L. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the link between midlife children's and older mothers' depressive symptoms, whether this link is exacerbated in highly empathic mother–child relationships (i.e., shared strong feelings of being loved, cared for, and understood in the mother–child tie), and whether these associations vary by children's gender.BackgroundEmpathic mother–child relationships in later life may intensify the link between midlife children's and older mothers' depressive symptoms. Yet little is known about the emotional implications of the mother–child tie for midlife daughters and sons.MethodThe sample included 234 midlife children (M = 49.75 years) and their mothers (M = 75.27 years) from Wave 1 of the Family Exchanges Study. Linear regressions were estimated to determine the link between midlife children's and older mothers' depressive symptoms and the potential moderating role of highly empathic mother–child relationships.ResultsMidlife children had greater depressive symptoms when their mothers had greater depressive symptoms in the context of highly empathic mother–child relationships. This association was not moderated by children's gender.ConclusionThese findings underscore the enduring emotional salience of the mother–child tie and emphasize the importance of relationship characteristics that may heighten the link between midlife children's and their mothers' depressive symptoms.ImplicationsInterventions to prevent or treat depressive symptoms among midlife adults may benefit from accounting for the role that their mothers' depressive symptoms might play in maintaining these symptoms, particularly when mother–child ties are highly empathic.
Comparison of different anti‐Ki67 antibody clones and hot‐spot sizes for assessing proliferative index and grading in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours using manual and image analysis
Authors: Owens Roisin , Gilmore Elaine , Bingham Victoria , Cardwell Christopher , McBride Hilary , McQuaid Stephen , Humphries Matthew , Kelly Paul 
Published: July 2020

AimsKi67 proliferative index (PI) is essential for grading gastroenteric and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NETs). Analytical and preanalytical variables can affect Ki67 PI. In contrast to counting methodology, until now little attention has focused on the question of clone equivalence and the effect of hot‐spot size on Ki67 PI in GEP NETs. Using manual counting and image analysis, this study compared the Ki67 PI achieved using MM1, K2 and 30‐9 to MIB1, a clone which has been validated for, and is referenced in, guidelines relating to assessment of Ki67 PI in GEP NETs.Methods and resultsForty‐two pancreatic NETs were each immunohistochemically stained for the anti‐Ki67 clones MIB1, MM1, K2 and 30‐9. Ki67 PI was calculated manually and by image analysis, the latter using three different hot‐spot sizes. In manual comparisons using single hot‐spot high‐power fields, non‐MIB1 clones overestimated Ki67 PI compared to MIB1, resulting in grading discordances. Image analysis shows good agreement with manual Ki67 PI but a tendency to overestimate absolute Ki67 PI. Increasing the size of tumour hot‐spot from 500 to 2000 cells resulted in a decrease in Ki67 PI.ConclusionDifferent anti‐Ki67 clones do not produce equivalent PIs in GEP NETs, and clone selection may therefore affect patient care. Increasing the hot‐spot size decreases the Ki67 PI. Greater standardisation in terms of antibody clone selection and hot‐spot size is required for grading GEP NETs. Image analysis is an effective tool for assisting Ki67 assessment and allows easier standardisation of the size of the tumour hot‐spot.
Surface and structural changes in root dentine by various chelating solutions used in regenerative endodontics
Authors: Bosaid F. , Aksel H. , Makowka S. , Azim A. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of the prolonged use of various irrigant solutions used during regenerative endodontic procedures on the physical and chemical structure of root canal dentine in extracted human teeth.MethodologySixtyroot dentine samples from extracted, single‐rooted, human teeth were assigned to 10 groups. Eight groups were irrigated with 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min, followed by 3%, 10%, 17% EDTA or 10% citric acid (CA) for 5 or 10 min. One group received only NaOCl irrigation, and samples with only distilled water irrigation were used as a control group. The changes in microhardness and flexural strength were determined using Vickers and 3‐point flexural tester, respectively. Molecular and elemental compositions were recorded using FTIR and EDS spectroscopy. Data were analysed using one‐way anova, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests.ResultsThe application of 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min did not affect the mineral content or microhardness of dentine (P > 0.05). However, it significantly decreased the dentine collagen peak values (P < 0.05), which was similar to the control group after the use of chelating agents (EDTA and 10% of CA) (P > 0.05). The effect of EDTA on the inorganic content was not concentration and time dependent (P > 0.05). CA resulted in a significantly greater reduction in the inorganic contents compared with the control and EDTA groups (P < 0.05). Regardless of the time, EDTA and CA significantly decreased dentine microhardness compared to the control (P < 0.05) with the greatest reduction in the CA groups (P < 0.05). NaOCl alone was associated with the lowest flexural strength, while none of the other irrigation regimens significantly decreased the flexural strength compared to the control group (P> 0.05).ConclusionsUse of 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min decreased the collagen content of samples of human dentine from extracted teeth while EDTA and 10% citric acid mostly affected the inorganic content and microhardness of dentine surfaces. None of the irrigant solutions significantly decreased the mechanical properties of the entire dentine specimen.
The impact of two root canal treatment protocols on the oral health‐related quality of life: a randomized controlled pragmatic clinical trial
Authors: Diniz‐de‐Figueiredo F. E. , Lima L. F. , Oliveira L. S. , Bernardino I. M. , Paiva S. M. , Faria‐e‐Silva A. L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of two root canal treatment protocols on the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients in need of root canal treatment on their anterior teeth.MethodologyThe sample consisted of 120 participants (mean age: 34 years) enrolled in a pragmatic randomized clinical trial evaluating two root canal treatment protocols. Anterior teeth with nonvital pulps were allocated for root canal preparation with either hand files and filled with lateral compaction of gutta‐percha (manual protocol) or canal preparation with a single file in a reciprocating movement and filled with a single cone technique (Reciproc protocol). OHRQoL data were assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile instrument (OHIP‐14), which was administered before the root canal intervention (baseline), and 6 and 12 months after treatment. Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants were collected at baseline. Data were analysed using bivariate analyses, Poisson univariate and multiple regression (α = 0.05).ResultsThe drop‐out rate from baseline was 27% and 28% at 6 and 12 months after treatment, respectively. Both root canal protocols significantly enhanced patients' OHRQoL, regardless of the follow‐up time (P < 0.001). After 6 months, patients treated with the Reciproc protocol had significantly lower OHIP‐14 overall scores (P = 0.030), as well as significantly lower scores for psychological discomfort (P = 0.031) and social disability (P = 0.013). After 12 months, no significant difference was observed between the two root canal protocols for OHIP‐14 overall scores (P = 0.174). Either large or moderate effect sizes were observed for all domains and overall scores at both evaluation times, irrespective of the protocol. Low‐income persons (RR = 2.03) and the Reciproc protocol (RR = 1.52) had a higher likelihood of a positive impact on OHRQoL 12 months after root canal treatment.ConclusionsThe two root canal protocols improved the OHRQoL and differences in scores were observed only after 6 months with poorer OHRQoL for the manual protocol. After 12 months, patients with low‐income status and treated with Reciproc were associated with a greater improvement in OHRQoL scores.
Comparison between lipid and protein oxidation progress in the tail and claw muscles of signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)
Authors: Hematyar Nima , Policar Tomas , Mohagheghi Samarin Azadeh , Sampels Sabine , Gazo Ievgeniia , Mraz Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrobial activity and then oxidation progress are the most important freshness indicators during post‐mortem. In this study, we monitored proteomic and microbial changes, as well as biochemical degradation, in the tail and claw muscles of crayfish stored for 12 days at +4 °C. One specified protein band at 107 kDa in the claw muscle and two specified protein bands in the tail muscle at 140 and 36–40 kDa were identified. Western blotting indicated a higher amount of oxidised proteins in the tail compared to the claw muscle. Tail muscle showed higher oxidation progress and calpain activity than claw one. Both muscles were spoiled after 12 days with respect to total viable counts. In the first days, calpain activity is the main reason for protein degradation, while protein oxidation dominates for the rest of the time. Lipid–protein oxidation progress showed probably, protein oxidation started earlier than lipid oxidation in both muscles.