bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System dynamics applied to water management in lakes*
Authors: Bozorg‐Haddad Omid , Dehghan Paniz , Zareie Soheila , Loáiciga Hugo A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWater withdrawal and changes in hydrologic fluxes have lowered the level of Urmia Lake in Iran, adversely impacting its ecosystem. The continued lowering of the Urmia Lake water level would put Iran's most important aquatic ecosystem in danger of extinction. Therefore, there is an urgent need for management of water withdrawals and for reduction of water use in upstream dams and rivers to halt its continuing decline and allow storage recovery. The Urmia Lake basin was herein modelled with system dynamics (SD) to assess the effects of modifying reservoir operation and water use management on the sustainability of Urmia Lake storage. The model performance was evaluated with the root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient (R2). The results show that SD with RMSE = 18.0 (106 m3) and R2 = 0.952 is accurate in simulating Urmia Lake storage. Evaluation of the impacts of several scenarios of agricultural water use on lake storage indicates that reductions in the agricultural sector appear inevitable to restore the water balance of Urmia Lake. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective capacity analysis over generalized lognormal shadowed composite fading channels
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel closed form expression for the effective capacity (EC) over the α‐η‐μ/Lognormal and α‐κ‐μ/Lognormal composite fading channels has been derived. Using the proposed expression, the influence of various fading and shadowing parameters on the composite fading channels is investigated. Moreover, to get more insight behavior of the channels, an asymptotic expression under high and low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) regimes have also been derived.
Applicability of the proposed GHS subcategorization criterion for LLNA:BrdU‐ELISA (OECD TG442B) to the CBA/J strain mouse
Authors: Kobayashi Toshio , Maeda Yosuke , Kondo Haruka , Takeyoshi Masahiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is a hazard classification and communication system for providing information on the safe handling of chemicals worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of the newly proposed GHS subcategorization criterion for murine local lymph node assay:2‐bromodeoxyuridine enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (LLNA:BrdU‐ELISA), Category 1A:EC1.6 ≤6%, Category 1B:EC1.6 >6%, to data derived from LLNA:BrdU‐ELISA performed in the CBA/J strain mouse. Fifteen chemicals categorized in GHS hazard Category 1 sensitizers listed in the LLNA performance standard were tested by LLNA:BrdU‐ELISA in the CBA/J strain mouse and were classified according to the new criterion. The results revealed that all of the GHS 1A or 1B category chemicals classified according to the EC3 values derived from radioisotopic LLNA (LLNA‐RI) could be correctly assigned into the respective 1A and 1B categories using the newly proposed GHS subclassification criterion. In addition, analysis of the correlation between the reported EC3 values and EC1.6 values derived from the LLNA:BrdU‐ELISA performed in the CBA/J strain mouse confirmed the existence of a strong correlation (r = 0.9076, P < .0001). These findings suggest that the newly proposed GHS subcategorization criterion for LLNA:BrdU‐ELISA is potentially applicable for practical use in GHS subcategorization.
Mechanical stimulation improves osteogenesis and the mechanical properties of osteoblast‐laden RGD‐functionalized polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffolds
Authors: Salifu Ali A. , Obayemi John D. , Uzonwanne Vanessa O. , Soboyejo Winston O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article presents the results of the combined effects of RGD (arginine–glycine–aspartate) functionalization and mechanical stimulation on osteogenesis that could lead to the development of implantable robust tissue‐engineered mineralized constructs. Porous polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds are functionalized with RGD‐C (arginine–glycine–aspartate–cysteine) peptide. The effects of RGD functionalization are then explored on human fetal osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity), extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and mineralization over 28 days. The effects of RGD functionalization followed by mechanical stimulation with a cyclic fluid shear stress of 3.93 mPa in a perfusion bioreactor are also elucidated. The tensile properties (Young's moduli and ultimate tensile strengths) of the cell‐laden scaffolds are measured at different stages of cell culture to understand how the mechanical properties of the tissue‐engineered structures evolve. RGD functionalization is shown to promote initial cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and ECM production. However, it does not significantly affect mineralization and tensile properties. Mechanical stimulation after RGD functionalization is shown to further improve the ALP activity, ECM production, mineralization, and tensile properties, but not cell proliferation. The results suggest that combined RGD functionalization and mechanical stimulation of cell‐laden PCL/HA scaffolds can be used to accelerate the regeneration of robust bioengineered bone structures.
Conversion to complete resection with mFOLFOX6 with bevacizumab or cetuximab based on K‐RAS status for unresectable colorectal liver metastasis (BECK study): Long‐term results of survival
Authors: Okuno Masayuki , Hatano Etsuro , Toda Rei , Nishino Hiroto , Nakamura Kojiro , Ishii Takamichi , Seo Satoru , Taura Kojiro , Yasuchika Kentaro , Yazawa Takefumi , Zaima Masazumi , Kanazawa Akiyoshi , Terajima Hiroaki , Kaihara Satoshi , Adachi Yukihito , Inoue Naoya , Furumoto Katsuyoshi , Manaka Dai , Tokuka Atsuo , Furuyama Hiroaki , Doi Koji , Hirose Tetsuro , Horimatsu Takahiro , Hasegawa Suguru , Matsumoto Shigemi , Sakai Yoshiharu , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeTo investigate the long‐term outcome and entire treatment course of patients with technically unresectable CRLM who underwent conversion hepatectomy and to examine factors associated with conversion to hepatectomy.MethodsRecurrence and survival data with long‐term follow‐up were analyzed in the cohort of a multi‐institutional phase II trial for technically unresectable colorectal liver metastases (the BECK study).ResultsA total of 22/12 patients with K‐RAS wild‐type/mutant tumors were treated with mFOLFOX6 + cetuximab/bevacizumab. The conversion R0/1 hepatectomy rate was significantly higher in left‐sided primary tumors than in right‐sided tumors (75.0% vs 30.0%, P = .022). The median follow‐up was 72.6 months. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate in the entire cohort was 48.1%. In patients who underwent R0/1 hepatectomy (n = 21), the 5‐year RFS rate and OS rate were 19.1% and 66.3%, respectively. At the final follow‐up, seven patients had no evidence of disease, five were alive with disease, and 20 had died from their original cancer. All 16 patients who achieved 5‐year survival underwent conversion hepatectomy, and 11 of them underwent further resection for other recurrences (median: 2, range: 1‐4).ConclusionsConversion hepatectomy achieved a similar long‐term survival to the results of previous studies in initially resectable patients, although many of them experienced several post‐hepatectomy recurrences. Left‐sided primary was found to be the predictor for conversion hepatectomy.
Variability in observed snow depth over China from 1960 to 2014
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Kaicun , Boehrer Bertram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSnow depth is a critical variable that reflects snow variability and has an important impact on the energy and hydrological cycles. However, snow depth changes in response to regional climate warming have not been quantified in detail across China. Here, we investigated the variability in observed snow depth based on a recently released dataset collected at ~1,500 stations from 1960 to 2014. To address the non‐normal distribution of daily snow depth data, the annual cumulative amount of snow depth (CASD) is employed, and the trend is calculated and tested for the change point and field significance. The results showed that CASD experienced a slight increase of 1.75%·decade−1in China. An increasing trend of CASD was observed in Northeastern and Northwestern China, a decreasing trend was observed in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Loess Plateau, and Yangtze River Basin, and these changes were more remarkable after the 2000s. Since the 2000s, the increased CASD in Northwestern and Northeastern China has been accompanied by a significant decrease in winter temperature and a sharply increasing trend in snowfall events in the northeastern region. The decreased CASD in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Loess Plateau after the 2000s was accompanied by a decrease in snowfall events and an increase in winter temperature. Large‐scale atmospheric circulation, such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO), has a remarkable regional effect on the variability in snow depth. Statistically significant negative correlations were found in the northern part of China (i.e., positive AO phase with reduced CASD), while significant positive correlations were shown in the middle part of China (i.e., positive AO phase with enhanced CASD). Furthermore, China experienced an obviously shorter snow season during the whole period (decreased by 3.87%·decade−1), jointly resulting from later starting dates and earlier ending dates.
Analysis of CMIP 5 simulations of key climate indices associated with the South America monsoon system
Authors: Londoño Arteaga Vanesa , Lima Carlos Henrique Ribeiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAssessing the regional and local impacts of climate changes on rainfall and streamflow patterns is often challenging, as most results tend to be very dispersed and inconsistent across models. We offer a complementary alternative for climate change impact studies by focusing primarily on climate indices. In particular, we analyse the historical and future variability of key climate indices associated with the South America Monsoon System (SAMS) as simulated by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project—Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. We use climate indices related to the tropical Atlantic interhemispheric surface temperature gradient, associated with the meridional position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), as well as the land‐ocean temperature contrast in the tropical Atlantic‐South America region, and the intensity and position of the South Atlantic Subtropical High (SASH). We selected 14 CMIP5 models to estimate climate indices for the retrospective period (1980–2005) and future period (2006–2099), the latter under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. For comparison purposes during the retrospective period, the indices were also calculated using data from the Era‐Interim reanalysis. The seasonal behaviour of the Era‐Interim based indices is well reproduced by CMIP5 models, although the magnitude is significantly higher. For the future period, most models under both scenarios showed a consistent and asymmetrical intensification of the dipole index, suggesting, in a future climate, a potential wider displacement of the ITCZ during its seasonal cycle. As for the land‐ocean contrast index, the CMIP5 simulations indicated consistent increase in the magnitude for the positive phase (land warmer than ocean) and a decrease for the negative phase (land colder than ocean). Finally, CMIP5 models consistently predict a strengthening and southward displacement of the SASH centre. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal future changes in climate indices associated with the SAMS that shows relevant coherences across models and scenarios.
The features of main osmolytes, silicon and their coupling effects in improving drought resistance of the typical xerophytes in the desert areas of Northwest China
Authors: Kang Jianjun , Zhao Wenzhi , Zhou Hong , Wang Zhiwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSucculent xerophytes (SX) and less succulent xerophytes (LSX) are able to accumulate inorganic ions and synthesize organic solutes (OS) to adapt to drought stress. Silicon (Si) is one of the five beneficial elements for plants and its importance to SX has been confirmed. In the study, the features of main osmolytes and Si were studied in SX and LSX species, and the coupling effects of inorganic ions were investigated in the SX H. ammodendron and LSX C. korshinskii. Results showed that SX and LSX had the common adaptive characteristic of preferentially accumulating inorganic ions rather than OS for drought resistance, and the total amount of osmotica in SX was 2.36‐times higher than that in the LSX. The greatest contribution to drought resistance was K+ (29.7%), the lowest was Na+ (2.4%) in LSX, while the greatest contribution was Na+ (41.7%), the total OS was the lowest (2.4%) in SX. The coupling effects of inorganic ions played vital important roles in drought resistance of the SX and LSX. The better coupling ratios of NaCl, NH4NO3, CaCl2, MgCl2 and Na2SiO3 in H. ammodendron were 20:5:20:40:10 and 40:10:60:10:7.5 (g kg−1 dry soil), and the better coupling ratios of KNO3, CaCl2, MgCl2 and K2SiO3 in C. korshinskii were 20:10:20:10 and 40:20:60:5 (g kg−1 dry soil). Findings suggested that the rational coupling of inorganic ions can be utilized as mineral compound fertilizers to restore and reconstruct degraded vegetations in semiarid areas.
Assessment of soil shear strength in gully systems: A case‐study in the Wangjiagou (WJG) watershed on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zhu Tongxin , Xu Xiangzhou , Zhu A‐Xing , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil erodibility is one of the major parameters for soil erosion prediction and conservation planning. Soil shear strength is an effective indicator of soil erodibility. Although shear strength has been extensively measured on agricultural lands, very limited measurements have been made within gullies. In this study, shear strength was measured at various geomorphic positions of gullies, in different types of deposits and gullies, as well as in inter‐gully areas in the Wangjiagou watershed on the Loess Plateau. In total, over 5,000 measurements were taken in the field prior to the rainy seasons in 2006 and 2008. The results demonstrated: (a) there is a drastic difference in soil shear strength among different types of geomorphic features and deposits in the gullies, with the highest on gully sidewalls and the lowest in new dry flow materials (a mean value of 110.7 vs. 1.3 kPa); (b) Among different types of gullies, the mean shear strength of headwater gully and hillside gully shows no statistically significant difference (14.8 vs. 14.3 kPa), but is much smaller than that of valleyside gully (26.4 kPa); (c) Soil shear strength has much greater variation in the gully area than in the inter‐gully area, with a standard deviation of 28.3 versus 12.3 kPa. Different erosion/deposition processes play a major role in the spatial heterogeneity of soil shear strength in the gully area, whereas land use and tillage practices are the controlling factors in the inter‐gully area; (d) All types of mass failures reduce soil shear strength dramatically, and therefore increase subsequent water erosion.
The relationship between severity of obstructive sleep apnea and maxillofacial morphology and BMI; from the point of view of sex and age distribution
Authors: Amitani Kiriko , Takeyama Masaki , Nihara Jun , Takahashi Kojiro , Ohshima Yasuyoshi , Kobayashi Tadaharu , Saito Isao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generally more common in men than in women, so many studies have only involved male OSA patients as subjects. However, a certain proportion of OSA patients are female, and few studies have addressed this population. Maxillofacial morphology and obesity are now being shown to be intimately connected with OSA, but the details remain unclear. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify the clinical features of OSA in men and women of different ages, with a focus on maxillofacial morphology and body mass index (BMI).MethodsThe subjects comprised 112 patients (56 men and 56 women) randomly selected from adult patients in the Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. We investigated the results of lateral cephalogram measurements and polysomnography (PSG) conducted before the start of OSA treatment. We then divided the patients by age (with 50 years as the cutoff value) and sex, and performed statistical comparisons among these four groups.ResultsThe findings showed that the hyoid bone was lower in men aged ≥50 compared with <50, and the cross‐sectional area of the tongue was larger. This suggested that aging changes in maxillofacial morphology may be a risk factor in men. In women, however, only slight morphological differences were found between the two age groups.ConclusionsThis comparative study of sex and age groups in OSA patients suggests that the different groups have different clinical characteristics and may have different risk factors for developing OSA.
Occurrence of a mucocele in a submandibular gland containing a sialolith: A case report
Authors: Yoshikawa Kyohei , Noguchi Kazuma , Yamanegi Koji , Nakanishi Masumi , Takaoka Kazuki , Kishimoto Hiromitsu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMucoceles usually originate from minor salivary glands. They rarely develop from the submandibular gland, and the location of all previously reported submandibular gland mucoceles is extra‐glandular. To the best of our knowledge, no reports have described a localized mucocele occurring within the submandibular gland. We herein present an extremely rare case of a localized mucocele including a sialolith that occurred in the submandibular gland. Extirpation of the submandibular gland including both the mucocele and sialolith was performed, and no postoperative complications occurred during the 2‐year follow‐up.
Fetal brain and placental programming in maternal obesity: A review of human and animal model studies
Authors: Shook Lydia L. , Kislal Sezen , Edlow Andrea G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBoth human epidemiologic and animal model studies demonstrate that prenatal and lactational exposure to maternal obesity and high‐fat diet are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Neurodevelopmental outcomes described in offspring of obese women include cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depression, disordered eating, and propensity for reward‐driven behavior, among others. This review synthesizes human and animal data linking maternal obesity and high‐fat diet consumption to abnormal fetal brain development, and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity in offspring. It highlights key mechanisms by which maternal obesity and maternal diet impact fetal and offspring development, and sex differences in offspring programming. In addition, we review placental effects of maternal obesity, and the role the placenta might play as an indicator vs mediator of fetal programming.
Pregnancy outcomes associated with chorioamnion membrane separation severity following fetoscopic laser surgery for twin‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Bergh Eric P. , Moise Kenneth J. , Johnson Anthony , Papanna Ramesha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that increasing severity of chorioamnion membrane separation (CAS) after fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is associated with worse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsProspective cohort of patients undergoing FLS for TTTS between 2011 and 2018. CAS was defined as separation of fetal membranes from the uterine wall on post‐operative ultrasound. Patient groups were defined: Group 1: No CAS; Group 2: CAS lower than 50th centile; Group 3: CAS upper than 50th centile or complete CAS. Comparative analysis was performed.ResultsOf 387 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 29 (7.5%) had CAS (median 9.8 mm [4.9‐30.8 mm]). Group 1 patients were more likely to undergo FLS at later gestational age, had increased recipient maximum vertical pocket, and higher amnioreduction volume than Group 3. Group 3 had higher rates of preterm premature rupture of membrane, delivered earlier and were more likely to terminate than Group 1. Group 2 had fewer neonatal survivors than Group 1. Survival analysis for gestational age at delivery and Cox proportional hazards model indicated increased risk for early delivery in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1.ConclusionsPatients with CAS ≥9.8 mm or complete CAS after FLS for TTTS had worse obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
Neurodevelopmental impairment at 3 years of age after fetoscopic laser surgery for twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Matsushima Sachio , Ozawa Katsusuke , Sugibayashi Rika , Ogawa Kohei , Tsukamoto Keiko , Miyazaki Osamu , Wada Seiji , Ito Yushi , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundData on neurodevelopmental outcomes of children surviving after fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) are scarce.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated children surviving after FLS for TTTS at 16 to 26 weeks' gestation between 2003 and 2014. Children were evaluated by standardized neurologic examinations using the Kyoto Scale 2001 at a corrected age of 3 years ± 6 months. Neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) was defined as cerebral palsy (CP), bilateral blindness, bilateral deafness or a developmental quotient (DQ) < 70 points. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at term‐equivalent age.ResultsA total of 188 children from 110 twin pregnancies were evaluated. NDI was detected in 16/188 (8.5%) children, including six cases of CP (3.2%). No children had bilateral blindness or deafness. An earlier gestational age at delivery was associated with a higher incidence of NDI (P < .001). Abnormal brain MRI findings were detected in 9/16 (56%) of children with NDI, including 6/6 (100%) with CP.ConclusionThe incidence of NDI in children following FLS at 3 years old was 8.5%. Prematurity is a strong risk factor for NDI. Brain MRI may predict the development of CP.
Congenital syphilis: A contemporary update on an ancient disease
Authors: Rac Martha W. F. , Stafford Irene A. , Eppes Catherine S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCongenital syphilis (CS) rates reached a 20‐year high in the United States in 2018. Unlike previous years, most babies diagnosed with CS were born to mothers who received prenatal care, indicative of the need for better provider education and guideline adherence. Current rates suggest that screening for syphilis should be performed at the first prenatal care visit and twice during the third trimester. There are two diagnostic algorithms available for use in the United States (traditional and reverse) and providers must understand how to perform each algorithm. Treatment should be administered according to stage of syphilis per Centers for Disease Control recommendations with best neonatal outcomes seen when treatment is initiated >30 days before delivery. Benzathine Penicillin G remains the only recommended treatment of syphilis during pregnancy. In viable pregnancies, a pretreatment ultrasound is recommended to identify sonographic evidence of fetal infection and treatment should be initiated with continuous fetal monitoring to evaluate for the Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction which can cause preterm labor and fetal distress. After adequate syphilotherapy, a fourfold decline in maternal nontreponemal titers may not be observed by delivery and does not correlate with rates of CS.