bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in Teaching 21st Century Skills in the 21st Century Classroom
Authors: Shafie Hidayu , Abd Majid Faizah , Ismail Izaham Shah 
Published: April 2020

This conceptual paper explores the concept of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in relation to the teaching of 21st-century skills with the purpose of establishing a relationship between them. Due to the advancement and development of industrial revolution and technology, the education scenario also changes towards 21st-century education, whereby more focus is given on the use of technology and 21st-century skills. The teachers’ roles change, and they are required to not only teach the core subject matters, but they also have to teach and train the students with 21st-century skills. However, not all teachers are well-trained on how to teach those skills to the students, especially when they also have to integrate technology in their teaching as well. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate whether the teachers understand and know how to teach 21st-century skills while integrating technology at the same time. Based on this needs, this paper will discuss the teachers’ knowledge, understanding and application of the TPACK framework by Koehler et al. (2006) and how will this framework affect their teaching of 21st-century skills in the classroom. The 21st-century skills framework suggested by the Malaysian Ministry of Education called the 4C1V (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, creative thinking and values and ethics) which is based on the P21 framework is included in the conceptual framework of this study, along with the TPACK framework. This study will attempt to establish a relationship between these two frameworks through a quantitative study, and the findings from this study would contribute to the knowledge on what aspects or skills that teachers will need to improve in order to teach the 21st-century skills to the students.

KEYWORDS: Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), 21st Century Education, 21st Century Skills
Unfolding of Filipino School Leadership Experiences in Doha, Qatar
Authors: Del Rosario Kris Anne , Ancho Inero 
Published: April 2020

Due to internationalization, Qatar is hiring foreign educators and leaders to share expertise in their country. Filipinos are mostly hired as domestic helpers, yet there are also Filipino leaders in educational institutions that exist, particularly in the capital city Doha. The researchers find it significant to examine the experiences of Filipino teachers abroad, due to the rising number of educators and school leaders in Qatar. Romanowski et al. (2018) cited that there is a very few studies regarding principalship and diversity of educators notwithstanding the enormous knowledge of research that emphasize leadership in school and diversity of students. The study attempts to unfold the lived experiences of Filipino school managers in international schools in Doha, Qatar specifically with: 1) the experiences of Filipino school managers in terms of: (a) Planning; (b) Organizing; (c) Leading and (d) Controlling. 2) The challenges of being a school leader in international schools in Doha. Four (4) themes emerged from the study with subthemes that depicted the experiences and challenges of Filipino school leaders. Theme 1 explains the Filipino school leaders in complying with mandates and policies. Theme 2 discusses the Filipino school leaders in adapting with culture. Theme 3 defines the Filipino school leaders conforming with programs. Theme 4 depicts the Filipino school leaders in conforming with resources. The study is beneficial to the aspiring and current school leaders not only to Filipinos, but also to other nationalities interested in or are presently managing international schools in Doha.
KEYWORDS: school leadership, school management, Filipino principals, experiences, culture
Radiographic localization of the attachments of soft tissue structures in the tarsal region of horses
Authors: Casillas Jose M. , Jacobs Carrie C. , Manfredi Jane M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To identify radiographic locations of soft tissue attachments in the tarsal region of horses and describe any variability in the gross anatomy of those attachments.

SAMPLE
15 cadaveric limbs from 8 adult horses.

PROCEDURES
8 limbs were used for dissection and radiography of soft tissue structures, with metallic markers used to identify radiographic locations of soft tissue attachments. The remaining 7 limbs were used to evaluate anatomic variations in the insertion of the tendon of the fibularis tertius muscle. A consensus list of preferred radiographic views for evaluating each soft tissue attachment was created.

RESULTS
The dorsoplantar, dorsoproximolateral-plantarodistomedial oblique (35° proximal and 45° lateral), dorsoproximomedial-plantarodistolateral oblique (10° proximal and 15° medial), and plantaroproximal-plantarodistal oblique (70° proximal; flexed) views were preferred for evaluating the collateral ligaments. The standard oblique views and plantaroproximal-plantarodistal oblique (70° proximal; flexed) view were preferred for evaluating the tendinous attachments of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor muscles. All 4 standard views were necessary for evaluating the tendinous attachments of the cranial tibial and fibularis tertius muscles, the dorsal tarsal ligament, and the origin of the suspensory ligament. Three configurations of the insertion of the fibularis tertius tendon were identified grossly. In limbs with osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints, the dorsal tarsal ligament firmly adhered to the centrodistal tarsal joint.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that attachments of soft tissue structures in the tarsal region of horses were in distinct radiographically identifiable locations and that visualization of individual soft tissue attachments could be optimized with certain radiographic views, including some nonstandard views.
Effectiveness of MB-102, a novel fluorescent tracer agent, for conducting ocular angiography in dogs
Authors: Pirie Christopher G. , Rogers Thomas E. , Dorshow Richard B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel fluorescence tracer agent, MB-102, for conducting ocular angiography in dogs.

ANIMALS
10 ophthalmologically normal dogs (2 to 4 years old) and 10 dogs with retinal degeneration or primary open-angle glaucoma (< 6 years old).

PROCEDURES
While anesthetized, all dogs received sodium fluorescein (20 mg/kg, IV) or MB-102 (20 or 40 mg/kg, IV) first and then the other dye in a second treatment session 2 days later in a randomized crossover design. Anterior fluorescence angiography was performed on one eye and posterior fluorescence angiography on the other. Imaging was performed with a full-spectrum camera and camera adaptor system. Filter sets that were tailored to match the excitation and emission characteristics of each angiographic fluorescent agent were used.

RESULTS
All phases and phase intervals during anterior and posterior segment angiography were identified, regardless of the dye used. However, agent fluorescence and visualization of the iridal blood vessels were hindered in some dogs, irrespective of agent, owing to the degree of iridal pigmentation present. No significant difference was noted between the 2 dyes in any phase or phase interval, and slight improvement in image contrast was observed with MB-102 during the venous phases owing to a reduction of vessel wall staining in both normal and diseased eyes.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that MB-102 would be useful for conducting ocular angiography in dogs.
Randomized controlled trial to evaluate a novel two-catheter technique for urethral catheterization in anesthetized healthy female cats and small dogs
Authors: Abrams Brittany E. , Selmic Laura E. , Howard James , Horvath Stephen J. , Bednarski Linda , McLoughlin Mary A. , Wavreille Vincent A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a novel 2-catheter technique for urethral catheterization in female cats and small dogs and compare the time required for and success rates achieved by use of the novel technique versus traditional methods (blind technique in cats and digital palpation in dogs) as performed by personnel (catheter placers [CPs]) with different levels of experience in urinary catheter placement.

ANIMALS
39 healthy sexually intact female animals (24 cats and 15 dogs weighing < 10 kg).

PROCEDURES
2 CPs were board certified in veterinary surgery, 1 of whom had experience with the novel technique, and the other did not. The third CP was a veterinary surgical intern who was unfamiliar with the novel technique. For each animal enrolled in the study, 1 CP performed catheterization with the novel technique and traditional methods. Data recorded included the time required for successful catheterization and whether a successful catheterization was achieved within a 3-minute time limit.

RESULTS
The overall success rates were 79.5% (31/39 animals) with the novel technique and 43.6% (17/39 animals) with traditional methods. Median times for successful catheter placement were 48 seconds for the novel technique and 41 seconds for traditional methods. Among CPs, success rates or times to successful catheter placement did not differ significantly.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Study results suggested that the novel 2-catheter technique for urethral catheterization may be a more efficient option than traditional methods for gaining access to the urinary bladder in cats and small dogs, particularly when patient size limits use of instrumentation or digital palpation.
Pre- and post-treatment levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with lesions of endodontic origin: A clinical pilot study
Authors: Bains Rhythm , Tikku Aseem P. , Ali Wahid , Verma Promila , Pandey Pragya 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of lesions of endodontic origin (LEO) and their treatment on the patients’ serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 20 healthy patients with radiographic evidence of LEO in at least one tooth were recruited for the study, of which 11 were finally evaluated. Before initiating the endodontic treatment, 10 ml of patient’s venous was taken from the antecubital vein to assess the pre-operative serum hs-CRP levels (T0). Canals were prepared with K-files till a suitable size and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. At the subsequent appointment after 1 week, teeth were obturated. The patients were then recalled 30 days after the completion of endodontic therapy. Again blood samples will be taken at time-frame T1 to assess the serum hs- CRP levels. The change in pre- and post-treatment values for T0 and T1 was statistically evaluated to assess the effect of treatment on serum hs-CRP levels.

Results:
The mean CRP (mg/L) at T0 ± SD (Range) at baseline was 6.18 ± 3.72 (0.96–11.02) and the mean CRP at T1 ± SD (Range) was 3.92 ± 3.59 (1.108–11.04) and mean change in CRP ± SD (Range) after 30 days follow-up was −2.26 ± 3.04 (−8.26–1.16). Significance of change in CRP levels (Paired t-test) was t = 2.458; P = 0.034.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study indicate that root canal treatment reduced the levels of hs-CRP in the serum of the patients having LEO. Timely diagnosis and treatment of these lesions may have some contribution in reducing systemic inflammatory burden.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIFTIPE TWO STAY-TWO STRAY DENGAN NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Denensi Fransiska , Gunur Bedilius , Jehadus Emilianus 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) efektifitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa, 2) efektifitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa, 3) membandingkan efektifitas penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) dengan Numbered Heads Together (NHT) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa. Penelitian ini melibatkan siswa kelas VIII SMP Swasta Widya Bhakti Ruteng yang berjumlah 116 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling, dengan terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji kesetaraan kelas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan, 1) model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) efektif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa; 2) model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) efektif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa; 3) model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan Numbered Heads Together (NHT) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa.
2 : expérimenter l’hypermédia dans la bande dessinée numérique
Authors: Molina Fernández Margarita 
Published: April 2020

Cet article tente d’explorer les rapports entre narration, interactivité et représentation visuelle dans la bande dessinée numérique. L’article vise à dévoiler la relation d’interdépendance établie entre l’interactivité et la narration, qui se manifeste dans le design narratif ; les possibilités de matérialisation des mécaniques interactives dans le design d’interface ; et enfin les stratégies d’intégration des ressources propres à d’autres médias au système de la bande dessinée. L’argumentation se développe à partir de l’analyse de l’œuvre 2 (www.2-bd.fr), une bande dessinée hypermédiatique dont la création conduit mon projet doctoral de recherche-création. Les exemples traités montrent comment la narration et l’interaction travaillent conjointement pour susciter l’engagement, les relectures et le changement de la motivation des choix du lectacteur ; comment le design d’objets interactifs et à la fois narratifs soutient l’immersion et l’empathie ; et la compatibilité de l’image fixe et en mouvement avec le contrôle du rythme de lecture et l’unicité de l’expérience de lecture interactive.
A new hope: introducing comprehensive sex education to a Christian secondary school in Uganda after repeal of parliamentary ban
Authors: Boozalis Jaclyn A , Nakibuule Margaret H , Realini Janet P , Rosenfeld Jason 
Published: April 2020

Background One quarter of Ugandan girls aged 15-19 years have become pregnant, and by age 50, one quarter of women report experiencing a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Adolescent pregnancies pose health challenges because teenage mothers are constrained in their future pursuit of education and have an increased likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Uganda lifted a parliamentary ban on sexual education beyond abstinence in May 2018. This study aimed to introduce and evaluate a comprehensive sex education curriculum to prevent pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections at a secondary school in Uganda. Methods Over three weeks in June 2018, our team implemented a comprehensive reproductive health education curriculum called ‘big decisions’ in a secondary school in Uganda. Hope Comprehensive High School is a Christian school in Masaka, Uganda with approximately 400 students. We trained 15 teachers and co-facilitated the curriculum with a pilot group of 30 students. We measured student demographics and knowledge/attitudes toward sex, relationships, STIs, and contraception before and after the program. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in student knowledge about pregnancy, contraceptives, and STIs. We also noted an increase in positive attitudes toward condom use. Conclusions Engaging the faculty and staff with an appropriate and fact-based curriculum was crucial to the success of the project. Myths on contraceptive education and condoms were significantly debunked within the pilot group. This project demonstrates the viability of a non-faith based sex education curriculum in a Christian Ugandan secondary school.
The Curious Case of a Missing Coeliac Trunk: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Saricilar Erin Cihat , Heyworth Ashley Peter , Singla Animesh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The anatomy of the coelic trunk is highly variable. An understanding of the variations is important in general and vascular surgery due to the implications of disruption and consequent visceral ischaemia.

Case Description
A case is described of a 69-year-old woman presenting with undifferentiable abdominal pain, eventually leading to a diagnosis of aortitis and uterine cancer. Computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed a unique coeliac trunk variation with the common hepatic artery (CHA) arising directly from the abdominal aorta, and a splenogastric trunk, a relatively rare variant.

Discussion
The clinical picture was unique, with the anatomical variant complicating case. There are several clinical consequences of these anomalies, but it is critical for operative surgeons to understand the normal anatomy as well as variants to reduce surgical risks. The literature describes various classification methodologies, which assist in approaches intraoperatively. Predominantly stenting, chemoembolisation and catheterisation based procedures require a rigid understanding of the various anomalies that can be encountered, even though this case (Morita Class III) only presents in 0.23% of cases. This is sufficiently often enough that it is important to bring to light variations in the anatomy of the coeliac trunk.
Manejo del cáncer colorrectal durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pinilla-Morales Raúl Eduardo , Caycedo-Marulanda Antonio , Castro-Beltrán Jorge Mario , Fuentes-Sandoval María Alejandra 
Published: April 2020

El virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Respiratory Acute Síndrome por Coronavirus-2) es un beta-coronavirus, que se transmite de persona a persona a través de aerosoles generados por tos o estornudos y por contacto directo con las manos contaminadas a través de las mucosas, causando principalmente compromiso respiratorio. Su origen se considera la ciudad de Wuhan en China y debido a su alta transmisibilidad se convirtió rápidamente en una pandemia, afectando de diferentes formas un gran porcentaje de la población, incluido el personal de la salud, con gran morbi-mortalidad. Esto ha llevado a tomar medidas estrictas con respecto a la disponibilidad del recurso sanitario para atender a la población afectada, así como a la prevención y el manejo de la contaminación de los pacientes no infectados que requieren seguir siendo atendidos por otro tipo de patologías, como es el caso de los pacientes oncológicos.
En este trabajo pretendemos revisar el manejo de los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal a la luz de la pandemia, del momento ideal de ser llevados a cirugía, de las opciones del abordaje quirúrgico, de la pertinencia de la colonoscopia diagnóstica y terapéutica, así como de la importancia que reviste la experiencia del cirujano y la institución en el manejo multidisciplinario de la patología colorrectal y de la pandemia de COVID-19. Considerando que la literatura actual está basada en recomendaciones de expertos con bajo grado de evidencia, la intención es presentar algunas sugerencias motivadas en la experiencia de nuestras propias instituciones, guiadas por la literatura disponible y en constante evolución.
Respuesta temporal al ambiente lumínico y la sequía inducida en el regenerado de una masa mixta en el entorno mediterráneo
Authors: Pardos Mínguez Marta , Madrigal Guillermo , De Dios-García Javier , Gordo Javier , Calama Rafael 
Published: April 2020

El trabajo se desarrolla en las masas mixtas de pino piñonero, sabina y encina de los páramos calizos de la Meseta Norte. Se estudia la supervivencia, crecimiento, respuesta fisiológica y reparto de biomasa de una plantación de las tres especies a lo largo de un gradiente lumínico y bajo condiciones de sequía inducida. Se establecieron 12 parcelas (45 m2), divididas en dos subparcelas, a su vez con 4 bloques, donde se plantaron 9 plantas (3 plantas por especie). Se fijaron 3 niveles de luz (HL: GSF~0.75: ML: GSF~0.45; LL: GSF~ 0.26); y dos niveles de disponibilidad hídrica (Co: condiciones ambientales naturales; y W-: reducción de precipitación del 30% mediante sistema de exclusión de precipitación). El ensayo duró desde diciembre 2011 hasta mayo 2015. Se evaluó la supervivencia en 19 ocasiones y se midió la fluorescencia a la clorofila 4 veces. En mayo 2015 se hizo cosecha final, analizándose el reparto de biomasa y crecimiento. Las mayores tasas de mortalidad se registraron tras el primer verano, con efecto negativo del tratamiento HL sobre la supervivencia de encina y pino, y poco efecto de la exclusión. Bajo sombra, las tasas de supervivencia fueron mayores. La supervivencia estuvo íntimamente relacionada con su comportamiento fisiológico, modificado por el ambiente lumínico y la época del año, pero no por la exclusión. Los resultados confirman la mejor capacidad adaptativa de la sabina y la encina en estas masas mixtas, aunque a largo plazo se reducirá la resiliencia de la encina, afectando a su capacidad rebrotadora.
Coil2Stack: Ein innovatives Verfahren zur formatflexiblen Batteriezellherstellung
Authors: Weinmann Hannes W. , Töpper Hans-Christoph , Fleischer Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung
Die wirtschaftliche Herstellung von Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen in verschiedenen Formaten und aus unterschiedlichen Materialien fordert flexible Anlagen für die Stapelbildung. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden deren Prozesse, aktuell verfügbare Lösungen sowie Trends in der Materialentwicklung analysiert, um ein neuartiges Anlagenkonzept abzuleiten, welches den Forderungen nach Flexibilität bezüglich Zellformat und Material gerecht wird und bisher bestehende Defizite ausgleicht.
Flexibilisierung des Energiebedarfs während der Warmlauf-phase einer Hauptspindel
Authors: Brecher Christian , Strachkov Anton , Steinert Alexander , Neus Stephan 
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung
Die Fertigungsgenauigkeit bei der Fräsbearbeitung ist von einer Vielzahl von Einflussfaktoren abhängig. Einige der wichtigsten Faktoren sind thermo-elastische Effekte. Zur Reduktion des thermisch bedingten Geometriefehlers wird vor dem Produktionsbetrieb obligatorisch ein Warmlaufprogramm ausgeführt. Die Minimierung der Dauer des Warmlaufprogramms kann die Produktivität positiv beeinflussen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methodik zur Flexibilisierung des Energieverbrauchs einer Werkzeugmaschine während der Warmlaufphase durch eine Erweiterung des Kühlkreislaufs vorgestellt.
Urbane Mikrofabriken für die hybride Produktion
Authors: Hildebrandt Lennart , Moritz Manuel , Seidel Benedikt , Redlich Tobias , Wulfsberg Jens P. 
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung
Dezentrale, vernetzte und offene Mikrofabriken im urbanen Raum, die mit moderner digitaler Fertigungstechnologie ausgestattet sind und sowohl Akteure und Bedarfe der industriellen Wertschöpfung als auch der Maker-Bewegung adressieren (hybride Produktion), haben das Potenzial, gesellschaftliche Mehrwerte zu erzeugen (Partizipation an Wertschöpfung, Innovationsförderung) und aktuellen Herausforderungen zu begegnen (Nachhaltigkeit, MINT-Bildung). In diesem Beitrag werden hierfür eine Definition der hybriden Produktion und ein eigens entwickeltes Planungsvorgehen für urbane Mikrofabriken vorgestellt.