bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersion and Attenuation of Elastic Wave Velocities: Impact of Microstructure Heterogeneity and Local Measurements
Authors: Sun Chao , Tang Genyang , Fortin Jérôme , Borgomano Jan V. M. , Wang Shangxu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe variation of the seismic properties with frequency of a brine‐saturated sandstone sample with a porosity of 22% was measured using a forced oscillation apparatus. Two pairs of orthogonal biaxial strain gauges were pasted at different locations at the length center of the sample. In the frequency range of 1–300 Hz, using these two pairs of strain gauges, we observed experimentally the same global flow but different local flows (squirt flow). Therefore, the observation of the local flow is influenced by the position of the strain gauges in contrast to the global flow. Indeed, local flow is strongly influenced by the microstructure (structure of the grain contacts and microcracks). In particular, we show that although the sample is homogeneous in terms of porosity and crack density, it is not the case in terms of crack aspect ratio, which may slightly vary along the sample. A 3D diffusion model coupled with a simple squirt model was built to further interpret the data. These results show that the wave‐induced fluid flows occur at different scales and controls the dispersion and attenuation of saturated rocks.
Structure of the Freshened Surface Layer in the Kara Sea During Ice‐Free Periods
Authors: Osadchiev A. A. , Frey D. I. , Shchuka S. A. , Tilinina N. D. , Morozov E. G. , Zavialov P. O. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work is focused on the seasonal and interannual variability of the freshened surface layer (FSL) in the Kara Sea during ice‐free periods. The majority of annual freshwater runoff inflows to the Kara Sea during the freshet period in June–July. As a result, a large low‐salinity and strongly stratified FSL is formed in the central Kara Sea at the beginning of the ice‐free period. Initially, this layer is fresh with salinities of less than 15. Then, in August–October, river discharge steadily decreases, the fresh (<15) and strongly stratified river plume remains limited to the inner part of the FSL adjacent to the Ob and Yenisei gulfs, which receives reduced freshwater discharge. The area of the fresh plume steadily decreases with decreasing of river discharge; in October, it remains only within the Ob and Yenisei gulfs. Area and position of the outer part of the FSL, on the opposite, remain stable until the end of ice‐free period. Salinities in the outer part steadily increase to 20–25, vertical salinity gradients at the boundary with the subjacent sea decrease, albeit remain prominent. Area and position of the FSL also have low interannual variability, because the volume of river runoff during freshet period in June–July is stable on interannual time scale. As a result, downward freshwater transport and the formation of the seasonal halocline occur in August–October at the stable area located in the central Kara Sea.
Rapid Urbanization and Agricultural Intensification Increase Regional Evaporative Water Consumption of the Loess Plateau
Authors: Liang Wei , Zhang Weibin , Jin Zhao , Yan Jianwu , Lü Yihe , Li Shuai , Yu Qiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChanging evapotranspiration (ET) will impact freshwater availability, knowledge of which is a critical prerequisite for policy development related to water resources management in an evolving climate, especially for water‐limited regions. However, the socio‐economic effects are not considered due to the lack of detailed information about this. Here we used a well‐validated remote sensing model and multiple socio‐economic factors to investigate the driving factors of ET changes over the Loess Plateau during 1982–2012. Results showed that the modeled annual ET significantly increased by ~2 mm yr−2 during this period (p < 0.001), caused by increased transpiration (2.16 mm yr−2) and interception (0.27 mm yr−2), which was partly offset by decreased soil evaporation (−0.47 mm yr−2). Meanwhile, although the average ET of the forest was larger (480.4 ± 14.8 mm yr−1), it was found that the change in total ET of the region was dominated by that in grassland and cropland (1.1 km3 yr−2, 90% altogether). Factorial simulations indicated that the intensifying ET over 79.4% and 9.1% of the study area can be explained by vegetation greening and climate change, respectively. Further analysis suggested that the vegetation greening and the increased ET were primarily associated with the rapid urbanization and agricultural intensification. Our findings highlight the potential unfavorable effects of socio‐economic activities on water resources management on this coupled natural‐human system that is already facing water scarcity issues.
Spatiotemporal Variability of the Southern Annular Mode and its Influence on Antarctic Surface Temperatures
Authors: Wachter Paul , Beck Christoph , Philipp Andreas , Höppner Kathrin , Jacobeit Jucundus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the predominant atmospheric variability mode in the Southern Hemisphere. In this paper, we present the spatial variability results of the SAM pattern for the period 1979–2018. The SAM‐intrinsic pattern variability analysis is based on the principal component analysis (PCA), which is carried out for the ERA‐Interim 500 hPa geopotential height (GPH) data set. A spatiotemporally resolved data set of SAM pattern maps (PCA loadings) is derived by projecting monthly shifted sub‐sequences of SAM index values (PCA scores) on the corresponding GPH anomalies. The dominant SAM structure within single pattern fields is mapped automatically and can be interpreted as the Southern Hemisphere polar front. This data set allows an analysis of the geographical positions of the characteristic circumpolar SAM structure over four decades and shows considerable variability over space and time. Five different states of SAM patterns, which are associated with characteristic circulation anomalies during different phases of the study period, are identified. Station‐based Antarctic temperature anomalies can be synoptically explained by these circulation anomalies. The overall latitudinal trend of the SAM pattern indicates an intensification of the meridional structure, especially over the East Antarctic Southern Ocean. Furthermore, we show that the SAM pattern variability is significantly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Composites of 500 hPa GPH anomalies during the positive and negative phases of the respective indices indicate teleconnections with Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and this can explain latitudinal trends of the SAM pattern.
Headwater Catchments Govern Biogeochemistry in America's Largest Free‐Flowing River Network
Authors: French David W. , Schindler Daniel E. , Brennan Sean R. , Whited Diane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRiverine chemistry reflects both watershed conditions and instream processing, both of which vary across river networks, yet little is known about the scales at which watershed attributes regulate biogeochemical constituents. We used spatial stream network (SSN) models to quantify both watershed and instream effects on streamwater constituents in the Kuskokwim River (western Alaska), the largest free‐flowing river in the United States. We assessed chemical constituents spanning from labile nutrients (nitrate [NO3−] and orthophosphate [PO43−]) to biologically and chemically conservative tracers (calcium [Ca2+], strontium [Sr2+], and Sr isotopes [87Sr/86Sr]). We also examined the behavior of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) relative to these constituents to understand whether bulk DOC behaved conservatively in a large boreal river network, where future changes in DOC and nutrient loading are expected under a shifting climate. We derived watershed spatial covariates comprising land cover, geology, and geomorphic characteristics at 14 different spatial extents based on stream order and relative to position in the river network to understand the effect of distant and proximal watershed attributes on streamwater constituents. For all constituents but 87Sr/86Sr, watershed attributes in low‐order headwater catchments yielded the best predictive ability for streamwater constituent concentrations across the entire network. Spatial patterning for conservative tracers and bulk DOC showed strong spatial autocorrelation, whereas PO43− and NO3− exhibited spatial patchiness indicative of instream processing. Our work shows that headwater streams are disproportionately important contributors to network‐wide biogeochemical constituents supporting aquatic food webs and that conservation and management of aquatic systems should include these small and often remote watershed areas.
Offshore Freshened Groundwater in Continental Margins
Authors: Micallef Aaron , Person Mark , Berndt Christian , Bertoni Claudia , Cohen Denis , Dugan Brandon , Evans Rob , Haroon Amir , Hensen Christian , Jegen Marion , Key Kerry , Kooi Henk , Liebetrau Volker , Lofi Johanna , Mailloux Brian J. , Martin‐Nagle Renée , Michael Holly A. , Müller Thomas , Schmidt Mark , Schwalenberg Katrin , Trembath‐Reichert Elizabeth , Weymer Bradley , Zhang Yipeng , Thomas Ariel T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFirst reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address them. OFG has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3; it predominantly occurs within 55 km of the coast and down to a water depth of 100 m. OFG is mainly hosted within siliciclastic aquifers on passive margins and recharged by meteoric water during Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Key factors influencing OFG distribution are topography‐driven flow, salinization via haline convection, permeability contrasts, and the continuity/connectivity of permeable and confining strata. Geochemical and stable isotope measurements of pore waters from boreholes have provided insights into OFG emplacement mechanisms, while recent advances in seismic reflection profiling, electromagnetic surveying, and numerical models have improved our understanding of OFG geometry and controls. Key knowledge gaps, such as the extent and function of OFG, and the timing of their emplacement, can be addressed by the application of isotopic age tracers, joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic reflection data, and development of three‐dimensional hydrological models. We show that such advances, combined with site‐specific modeling, are necessary to assess the potential use of OFG as an unconventional source of water and its role in sub‐seafloor geomicrobiology.
Forbush Decrease Characteristics in a Magnetic Cloud
Authors: Petukhova A. S. , Petukhov I. S. , Petukhov S. I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on the new mechanism, the Forbush decrease characteristics are calculated for eight magnetic cloud types. It is shown that the Forbush decrease amplitude does not depend on the magnetic cloud type, while the anisotropy strongly does. The Forbush decrease spectrum for (2–150 GV) rigidities is calculated for the first time. The Forbush decrease amplitude for low rigidities is ∼100%, which can be explained by a large number of forbidden particle trajectories. The Forbush decrease amplitude rapidly decreases for high rigidities due to the geometric condition. Comparing the calculated Forbush decrease characteristics with measurements for two events shows that the Forbush decrease amplitudes agree with the measurements quantitatively, and the anisotropies do qualitatively.
Novel lncRNA UPLA1 mediates tumorigenesis and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Han Xiaoyang , Jiang Hua , Qi Jianni , Li Jiamei , Yang Jinghan , Tian Yingying , Li Wei , Jing Qi , Wang Chuanxi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the development of molecular biotechnology and sequencing techniques, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a vital role in a variety of cancers including lung cancer. In our previous study, we used RNA sequencing and high-content screening proliferation screening data to identify lncRNAs that were significantly associated with tumour biological functions such as LINC01426. Herein, based on previous work, we report a novel lncRNA UPLA1 (upregulation promoting LUAD-associated transcript-1), which has not been explored or reported in any previous studies. Our results showed that UPLA1 is highly expressed and regulates important biological functions in lung adenocarcinoma. In vitro experiments revealed that UPLA1 promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities, and is related to cell cycle arrest, in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, the upregulation of UPLA1 significantly improved the growth of tumours in vivo. We identified that UPLA1 was mainly located in the nucleus using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and that it promoted Wnt/β-catenin signalling by binding to desmoplakin using RNA pulldown assay and mass spectrometry. Additionally, luciferase reporter assay revealed that YY1 is the transcription factor of UPLA1 and suppressed the expression of UPLA1 as a transcriptional inhibitor. This finding provides important evidence regarding the two roles of YY1 in cancer. Furthermore, in situ hybridisation assay results showed that UPLA1 was closely related to the prognosis and tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stage of lung adenocarcinoma. In summary, our results suggest that the novel lncRNA UPLA1 promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and may be used as a prognostic marker, and thus, has considerable clinical significance.
WDHD1 is essential for the survival of PTEN-inactive triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ertay Ayse , Liu Huiquan , Liu Dian , Peng Ping , Hill Charlotte , Xiong Hua , Hancock David , Yuan Xianglin , Przewloka Marcin R. , Coldwell Mark , Howell Michael , Skipp Paul , Ewing Rob M. , Downward Julian , Wang Yihua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer that lacks the oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, making it difficult to target therapeutically. Targeting synthetic lethality is an alternative approach for cancer treatment. TNBC shows frequent loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) expression, which is associated with poor prognosis and treatment response. To identify PTEN synthetic lethal interactions, TCGA analysis coupled with a whole-genome siRNA screen in isogenic PTEN-negative and -positive cells were performed. Among the candidate genes essential for the survival of PTEN-inactive TNBC cells, WDHD1 (WD repeat and high-mobility group box DNA-binding protein 1) expression was increased in the low vs. high PTEN TNBC samples. It was also the top hit in the siRNA screen and its knockdown significantly inhibited cell viability in PTEN-negative cells, which was further validated in 2D and 3D cultures. Mechanistically, WDHD1 is important to mediate a high demand of protein translation in PTEN-inactive TNBC. Finally, the importance of WDHD1 in TNBC was confirmed in patient samples obtained from the TCGA and tissue microarrays with clinic-pathological information. Taken together, as an essential gene for the survival of PTEN-inactive TNBC cells, WDHD1 could be a potential biomarker or a therapeutic target for TNBC.
Distinct neural ensemble response statistics are associated with recognition and discrimination of natural sound textures
Authors: Zhai Xiu , Khatami Fatemeh , Sadeghi Mina , He Fengrong , Read Heather L. , Stevenson Ian H. , Escabí Monty A. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceBeing able to recognize and discriminate natural sounds, such as from a running stream, a crowd clapping, or ruffling leaves, is a critical task of the normal functioning auditory system. Humans can easily perform such tasks, yet they can be particularly difficult for the hearing impaired and they challenge our most sophisticated computer algorithms. This difficulty is attributed to the complex physical structure of such natural sounds and the fact they are not unique: they vary randomly in a statistically defined manner from one excerpt to the other. Here we provide evidence that the central auditory system is able to encode and utilize statistical sound cues for natural sound recognition and discrimination behaviors.
Characterization, stability, and application of domain walls in flexible mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Deng Bolei , Yu Siqin , Forte Antonio E. , Tournat Vincent , Bertoldi Katia 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Mechanical metamaterials are an interesting platform to reproduce atomistic-scale phenomena at the macroscale and to exploit them to achieve additional functionalities. An interesting feature of many ordered solid-state materials is the formation of domain walls that separate different phases. While these interfaces have been reproduced in a variety of mechanical materials, the understanding of how to control them is still poor owing to their structural complexity. Here, we use a combination of experimental, numerical, and theoretical tools to engineer the domain walls emerging upon uniaxial compression in a mechanical metamaterial based on the rotating-squares mechanism. Our study reveals additional territories in the mechanical metamaterials design space which could unlock more tools for information encryption, stiffness tuning, and wave guiding.
Molecular-dynamic analysis of the strength change through absorption for metal nano-structures during the interaction with a metal melt
Authors: Golovnev I F , Golovneva E I , Fomin V M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present work is addressed to the development of the technique of calculation of the strength change for the metal samples under external loadings by the molecular-dynamics method. Such a strength change results from the absorption interaction with a metal melt on the nano-structure surface (a kind of the Rebinder effect). The timeliness of this problem is associated with the creation of the optimal technology of formation and processing of structural materials for up-to-date equipment. The paper presents the developed approaches to the Rebinder effect simulation by the molecular-dynamics method. The influence of a melted silver drop on a copper surface on mechanical characteristics and general geometry of the system under the action of the tension stress is studied by means of comparison with the copper sample under the action of the same tension stress.
Phenomenological models of kinetics of processes in the systems with continuum fluid phase for the optimization of ultrasonic cavitation energy efficiency
Authors: Golykh Roman N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The general approach for modeling of processes in the systems with continuum fluid phase under ultrasonic cavitation influence was proposed. This approach includes studying of all stages of ultrasonic energy transformation begun from ultrasonic radiator and ended up to target change of medium structure; calculating of real energy spent for medium structure change. Models of kinetics of real processes (macromolecules mechanical destruction and dispersing of suspension particles) under ultrasonic cavitation influence were developed. They models use proposed general approach and allow to evaluate optimum modes providing maximum energy efficiency of processes and improving of final product parameters.
Influence of pore fluid on the compressive strength of high-strength concrete under dynamic loading
Authors: Konovalenko Ig S , Shilko E V , Konovalenko Iv S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on the coupled discrete element-finite difference method, we developed a numerical model of the mechanical behavior of water-saturated brittle composite materials with two-scale porosity. The model takes into account the structural, physicomechanical, and rheological parameters of the components and parameters of component interaction. Using the model, we numerically studied the influence of pore fluid on the dynamic strength of water-saturated high-strength concretes with various features of the pore structure. We showed that the value of dynamic compressive strength is a function of the complex parameter, which characterizes the ratio of the strain rate of the porous skeleton to the rate of fluid flow through the pore network. We identified two factors that control the strength of water-saturated concrete in a wide range of variation of the applied strain rate and skeleton permeability.
Global unique solvability of the initial-boundary value problem for one-dimensional barotropic equations of viscous compressible bifluids
Authors: Mamontov A E , Prokudin D A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider the equations of a multi-velocity model of a binary mixture of viscous compressible fluids (two-fluid medium) in the case of one-dimensional barotropic motions. We prove the global (in time) existence and uniqueness of a strong solution to the initial-boundary value problem describing the motion in a bounded spatial domain.
Solutal convection in horizontal porous layer with immobilization and clogging
Authors: Maryshev Boris S , Klimenko Lyudmila S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the investigation of the solutal convection in a horizontal layer of porous media with horizontal seepage of the mixture and solute immobilization. The flow through porous media is modelled within the standard Darcy–Bousinesq model and immobilization is described by the mobile/immobile media (MIM) approach. The high concentrations of solute are considered which lead to taking into account the dependence of media permeability on porosity. The variation of porosity is modelled as a linear function of solute concentration in the immobile phase. It is shown that immobilisation leads to the stabilization of homogeneous filtration regime and to slow down of the perturbation dynamics. The increasing of critical parameters with the intensification of sorption is not monotonous due to saturation of porous matrix with the adsorbed solute.
Non-isothermal filtration of a viscous compressible fluid in a viscoelastic porous medium
Authors: Virts R , Papin A , Tokareva M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The system of equations of one-dimensional unsteady fluid motion in a viscous heat-conducting medium is considered. The mathematical model is based on the equations of conservation of mass for liquid and solid phases, Darcy’s law, rheological relation, the law of conservation of balance of forces and the equation for the temperature of the medium. The transition to Lagrange variables in the case of an incompressible fluid allows us to reduce the initial system of governing equations to a third-order equation for porosity and a second-order equation for temperature, respectively. A calculation algorithm is proposed and a numerical study of the obtained initial - boundary value problem is carried out.