bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated model predictive control of water resource recovery facilities and sewer systems in a smart grid: example of full-scale implementation in Kolding
Authors: Stentoft P. A. , Vezzaro L. , Mikkelsen P. S. , Grum M. , Munk-Nielsen T. , Tychsen P. , Madsen H. , Halvgaard R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An integrated model predictive control (MPC) strategy to control the power consumption and the effluent quality of a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) by utilizing the storage capacity from the sewer system was implemented and put into operation for a 7-day trial period. This price-based MPC reacted to electricity prices and forecasted pollutant loads 24 hours ahead. The large storage capacity available in the sewer system directly upstream from the plant was used to control the incoming loads and, indirectly, the power consumption of the WRRF during dry weather operations. The MPC balances electricity costs and treatment quality based on linear dynamical models and predictions of storage capacity and effluent concentrations. This article first shows the modelling results involved in the design of this MPC. Secondly, results from full-scale MPC operation of the WRRF are shown. The monetary savings of the MPC strategy for the specific plant were quantified around approximately 200 DKK per day when fully exploiting the allowed storage capacity. The developed MPC strategy provides a new option for linking WRRFs to smart grid electricity systems.
A Comprehensive and Contemporary Review on Immunosuppression Therapy for Heart Transplantation
Authors: Goldraich Livia A. , Leitão Santiago A. Tobar , Scolari Fernando L. , Marcondes-Braga Fabiana G. , Bonatto Marcely G. , Munyal Dipika , Harrison Jennifer , Ribeiro Rafaela V.P. , Azeka Estela , Piardi Diogo , Costanzo Maria R. , Clausell Nadine 
Published: June 2020

:
Heart transplantation is the standard of therapy for patients with end-stage heart disease. Since the first
human-to-human heart transplantation, performed in 1967, advances in organ donation, surgical techniques, organ
preservation, perioperative care, immunologic risk assessment, immunosuppression agents, monitoring of graft
function and surveillance of long-term complications have drastically increased recipient survival. However, there
are yet many challenges in the modern era of heart transplantation in which immunosuppression may play a key
role in further advances in the field. A fine-tuning of immune modulation to prevent graft rejection while avoiding
side effects from over immunosuppression has been the vital goal of basic and clinical research. Individualization
of drug choices and strategies, taking into account the recipient's clinical characteristics, underlying heart
failure diagnosis, immunologic risk and comorbidities seem to be the ideal approaches to improve post-transplant
morbidity and survival while preventing both rejection and complications of immunosuppression.

:
The aim of the present review is to provide a practical, comprehensive overview of contemporary immunosuppression
in heart transplantation. Clinical evidence for immunosuppressive drugs is reviewed and practical approaches
are provided. Cardiac allograft rejection classification and up-to-date management are summarized.
Expanding therapies, such as photophoresis, are outlined. Drug-to-drug interactions of immunosuppressive agents
focused on cardiovascular medications are summarized. Special situations involving heart transplantation such as
sarcoidosis, Chagas diseases and pediatric immunosuppression are also reviewed. The evolution of phamacogenomics
to individualize immunosuppressive therapy is described. Finally, future perspectives in the field of immunosuppression
in heart transplantation are highlighted.
Aging Liver: Can Exercise be a Better Way to Delay the Process than Nutritional and Pharmacological Intervention? Focus on Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Su Hao , Liu Dongsen , Shao Jia , Li Yinuo , Wang Xiaoxia , Gao Qi 
Published: June 2020

Background & Aims:
Nowadays, the world is facing a common problem that the population aging
process is accelerating. How to delay metabolic disorders in middle-aged and elderly people, has become a hot
scientific and social issue worthy of attention. The liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism, and abnormal
lipid metabolism may lead to liver diseases. Exercise is an easily controlled and implemented intervention,
which has attracted extensive attention in improving the health of liver lipid metabolism in the elderly. This article
reviewed the body aging process, changes of lipid metabolism in the aging liver, and the mechanism and
effects of different interventions on lipid metabolism in the aging liver, especially focusing on exercise intervention.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using PubMed-NCBI, EBSCO Host and Web of Science, and also a
report from WHO. In total, 143 studies were included from 1986 to 15 February 2020.

Conclusion:
Nutritional and pharmacological interventions can improve liver disorders, and nutritional interventions
are less risky relatively. Exercise intervention can prevent and improve age-related liver disease, especially
the best high-intensity interval training intensity and duration is expected to be one of the research directions in
the future.
Design of Novel Drug-like Molecules Using Informatics Rich Secondary Metabolites Analysis of Indian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Authors: Karade Divya , Vijayasarathi Durairaj , Kadoo Narendra , Vyas Renu , Ingle P.K. , Karthikeyan Muthukumarasamy 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Several medicinal plants are being used in Indian medicine systems from ancient
times. However, in most cases, the specific molecules or the active ingredients responsible for the medicinal
or therapeutic properties are not yet known.

Objective:
This study aimed to report a computational protocol as well as a tool for generating novel
potential drug candidates from the bioactive molecules of Indian medicinal and aromatic plants through the
chemoinformatics approach.

Methods:
We built a database of the Indian medicinal and aromatic plants coupled with associated
information (plant families, plant parts used for the medicinal purpose, structural information, therapeutic
properties, etc.) We also developed a Java-based chemoinformatics open-source tool called DoMINE
(Database of Medicinally Important Natural products from plantaE) for the generation of virtual library and
screening of novel molecules from known medicinal plant molecules. We employed chemoinformatics
approaches to in-silico screened metabolites from 104 Indian medicinal and aromatic plants and designed
novel drug-like bioactive molecules. For this purpose, 1665 ring containing molecules were identified by
text mining of literature related to the medicinal plant species, which were later used to extract 209
molecular scaffolds. Different scaffolds were further used to build a focused virtual library. Virtual screening
was performed with cluster analysis to predict drug-like and lead-like molecules from these plant molecules
in the context of drug discovery. The predicted drug-like and lead-like molecules were evaluated using
chemoinformatics approaches and statistical parameters, and only the most significant molecules were
proposed as the candidate molecules to develop new drugs.

Results and Conclusion:
The supra network of molecules and scaffolds identifies the relationship between
the plant molecules and drugs. Cluster analysis of virtual library molecules showed that novel molecules had
more pharmacophoric properties than toxicophoric and chemophoric properties. We also developed the
DoMINE toolkit for the advancement of natural product-based drug discovery through chemoinformatics
approaches. This study will be useful in developing new drug molecules from the known medicinal plant
molecules. Hence, this work will encourage experimental organic chemists to synthesize these molecules
based on the predicted values. These synthesized molecules need to be subjected to biological screening to
identify potential molecules for drug discovery research.
One-pot Synthesis of β-acetamido-β-(phenyl) Propiophenone using ZnO/Carbon Nanocomposites
Authors: Krithiga Thangavelu , Salla Sunitha , Jayabalan Karthikeyan , Kumar Jagadeesan Aravind 
Published: June 2020

Aim and Objectives:
The focus of the present work is to synthesize ZnO/C composite
using dextrose as carbon source by combustion method and study the comparative evaluation on
one-pot synthesis of β-acetamido- β-(phenyl) propiophenone over ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO/C
composite catalyst.

Materials and Methods:
The ZnO nanoparticles has been synthesized by sol-gel method using zinc
nitrate and NaOH and ZnO/Carbon composites by combustion method using zinc nitrate and
dextrose as carbon source. The resulting gel was placed in a preheated muffle furnace at 400oC.
The solution boils and ignites with a flame. On cooling highly amorphous powder of ZnO/Carbon
composite is obtained.

Results:
The XRD patterns reveal the hexagonal phase with Wurtzite structure and the
nanocrystalline nature of the catalysts. The SEM image of ZnO/C composite showed that it
contains spherical particles with an average size of 41 nm. The average particle size of the
composite was around 60nm by DLS method. The catalytic activity of the ZnO/Carbon
composites has been analyzed by one-pot four-component condensation of benzaldehyde,
acetophenone, acetyl chloride and acetonitrile. The feed molar ratio of 1:1 (Bz:AP) and catalyst
loading of 30 mol% is found to be the optimal condition for β-acetamido ketone conversion over
ZnO/carbon composite.

Conclusion:
The substantial catalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO/C composite materials was
tested by one-pot four-component condensation of benzaldehyde (Bz), acetophenone (AP), acetyl
chloride (AC) and acetonitrile (AN) which showed a high β-acetamido ketone conversion under
the optimized reaction conditions. It has also been found that the catalyst is very stable and
reusable.
The Protective of Baicalin on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Shanshan , Xu Chaoyue , Sun Yongchao , Sui Shujian , Zhang Zhaohua , Luan Yun 
Published: June 2020

Background:The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of baicalin on myocardial apoptosis induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R).Methods:Sprague Dawley rats' heart and myocardial cells I/R model were established in vivo and vitro, then 100 mg/kg and 10 μmol/l baicalin were administrated, respectively. The experiment was randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): Control; I/R; IR+DMEM; and I/R+baicalin groups. Postoperation, the Left Ventricular (LV) End-Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP), the maximum velocity of LV contraction (dP/dtmax) and the maximum velocity of LV diastole (dP/dtmin) were recorded by the transthoracic echocardiography; the myocardial apoptosis percentage was analyzed by Annexin VFITC/ PI and TUNEL staining, and the apoptosis gene and protein were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Furthermore, the protein expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were observed by western blot and Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester. Moreover, primary rats’ cardiomyocytes were cultured and ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD98059 was added to the culture medium. The cell survival rate, vitality and apoptosis were detected by MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and TUNEL staining assay Kit, respectively.Results:Our present study showed that baicalin significantly improved LV hemodynamic parameters and myocardial apoptosis in myocardial I/R injury rats. Furthermore, we found that baicalin could down-regulate the protein expression of CaSR, but up-regulate the protein expression of ERK1/2. Furthermore, when the cells were pretreated with ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, the cells survival rate significantly decreased, but LDH activity and apoptosis significantly increased. The results indicated that the effect of baicalin on myocardial I/R injury could be inhibited by ERK1/2 inhibitor.Conclusion:In conclusion, our data suggests that baicalin attenuates I/R-induced myocardial injury maybe through the suppression of the CaSR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
A Bias in the Reading of the Genetic Code of Escherichia coli is a Characteristic for Genes that Specify Stress-induced MazF-mediated Proteins
Authors: Nigam Akanksha , Oron-Gottesman Adi , Engelberg-Kulka Hanna 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Escherichia coli (E. coli) mazEF, a stress-induced toxin-antitoxin (TA) system,
has been studied extensively. The MazF toxin is an endoribonuclease that cleaves RNAs at ACA
sites. Thereby, under stress, the induced MazF generates a Stress-induced Translation Machinery
(STM), composed of MazF processed mRNAs and selective ribosomes that specifically translate the
processed mRNAs.

Materials and Methods:
Escherichia coli (E. coli) mazEF, a stress-induced toxin-antitoxin (TA) system,
has been studied extensively. The MazF toxin is an endoribonuclease that cleaves RNAs at ACA
sites. Thereby, under stress, the induced MazF generates a Stress-induced Translation Machinery
(STM), composed of MazF processed mRNAs and selective ribosomes that specifically translate the
processed mRNAs.

Results:
Here it is reported that for most of the E. coli proteins mediated by stress-induced MazF, the
ACA threonine codon in their mRNAs is not in-frame but rather out-of-frame; in these same RNAs,
the three synonymous threonine codons, ACG, ACU, and ACC, are in-frame. In contrast, for proteins
translated by the canonical translation system, in the majority of mRNAs, the ACA codon is located
in-frame.

Conclusion:
The described bias in the genetic code is a characteristic of E. coli genes specifying for
stress-induced MazF-mediated proteins.
The TRPM7 Channel in the Nervous and Cardiovascular Systems
Authors: Inoue Koichi , Xiong Zhi-Gang , Ueki Takatoshi 
Published: June 2020

:
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), along with the closely related TRPM6,
are unique channels that have dual operations: cation permeability and kinase activity. In contrast to
the limited tissue distribution of TRPM6, TRPM7 is widely expressed among tissues and is therefore
implicated in a variety of cellular functions physiologically and pathophysiologically. The discovery of
TRPM7’s unique structure imparting dual ion channel and kinase activities shed light onto novel and
peculiar biological functions, such as Mg2+ homeostasis, cellular Ca2+ flickering, and even intranuclear
transcriptional regulation by a cleaved kinase domain translocated to nuclei. Interestingly, at a higher
level, TRPM7 participates in several biological processes in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, in
which excitatory responses in neurons and cardiomyocytes are critical for their function. Here, we
review the roles of TRPM7 in cells involved in the nervous and cardiovascular systems and discuss its
potential as a future therapeutic target.
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor (SDF) 2 and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response of Trophoblast Cells in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and In vitro Hyperglycaemic Condition
Authors: Lorenzon Aline R. , Moreli Jusciele Brogin , de Macedo Melo Rafaela , Namba Felipe Yukio , Staff Anne Cathrine , Yung Hong Wa , Burton Graham J. , Bevilacqua Estela 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim:
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and the unfolded
protein response (UPR) are essential cellular mechanisms to ensure the proper functioning of ER in
adverse conditions. However, activation of these pathways has also been associated with insulin resistance
and cell death in pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated
whether stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2)—an ER stress-responsive factor—is related to ER
response in placental cells exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or to a hyperglycaemic
in vitro condition.

Objective:
The study aimed to investigate the role of SDF2 in BeWo cells , a trophoblast cell line originating
from choriocarcinoma , and in placental tissue under hyperglycaemic conditions.

Methods:
Protein levels of SDF2 and UPR factors, glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) and eukaryotic
initiation factor 2 alpha (elF2 alpha) were evaluated in the placentae of pregnant women diagnosed with
GDM and treated by diet-control (insulin was added when necessary). The mRNA expression of SDF2
and UPR factors CHOP and sXBP1 were assessed in cultured BeWo cells challenged with glucose and
treated with or without insulin.

Results:
SDF2 expression was increased in the placentae of GDM women treated with diet. However,
its values were similar to those of normoglycemic controls when the GDM women were treated with
insulin and diet. BeWo cells cultured with high glucose and insulin showed decreased SDF2 expression,
while high glucose increased CHOP and sXBP1 expression, which was then significantly reverted with
insulin treatment.

Conclusion:
Our findings extend the understanding of ER stress and SDF2 expression in placentae exposed
to hyperglycaemia, highlighting the relevance of insulin in reducing the levels of ER stress factors
in placental cells. Understanding the effect of ER stress partners such as SDF2 on signalling pathways
involved in gestation, complicated by hyperglycaemia, is pivotal for basic biomedical research and may
lead to new therapeutic possibilities.
Multiple Osteomas of Eustachian Tube Causing Ipsilateral Otitis Media
Authors: Saylisoy Suzan 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Middle ear ventilation and the drainage of secretions are the basic functions
of the eustachian tube. Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction can lead to otitis media. Multiple
causes of ET dysfunction exist; ET obstruction is one of them. Osseous obliteration of ET is quite
rare. In the literature, there are two cases of solitary osteoma and a case of hamartoma with an osseous
content in the ET. Herein, this report describes the case of a patient with multiple osseous lesions
consistent with osteomas in the ET, causing ipsilateral otitis media with CT findings.

Case Report:
A 53-year-old woman presented with left-sided intermittent otalgia and otorrhea.
Temporal bone computed tomography showed opacification of middle ear consistent with otitis media
and nearly complete blockage of the left ET lumen with multiple osseous lesions wall probably
consistent with osteomas on the left side.

Conclusion:
There are limited data about the radiological features of ET osteoma due to its rare occurrence.
Radiographically, external ear osteoma generally appears as a single pedunculated hyperdense
mass on CT scan originating from the tympanosquamous or tympanomastoid suture line and
extending into the auditory canal with otherwise preserved canal dimensions. Considering this information,
osseous lesions arising from ET bone wall and extending into the lumen in the present
case were considered as osteomas. Especially in the case of unilateral chronic otitis media, ET
should not remain a neglected anatomical area.
Content and Composition of Phospholipids, Fatty Acids and Sterols in Commercial Natural Phospholipid Excipients
Authors: Zheng Luxia , Shen Xiong , Wang Yingchun , Liang Jian , Xu Mingming , Fang Xinxin , Chen Gang , Chen Guilliang 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Phospholipids are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industry as functional
excipients. In spite of the many analytical methods reported, there are very limited reports concerning
systematic research and comparison of phospholipid excipients.

Objective:
To present a comprehensive evaluation of commercial natural phospholipid excipients (CNPEs).

Methods:
Seventeen batches of CNPEs from five manufacturing enterprises, isolated either from soybean
or egg yolk, were investigated. The content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and
sterols as a whole were considered as the evaluative index of CNPEs. Eight kinds of phospholipids
were determined by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), twenty-one kinds of fatty acids were
determined by Gas Chromatography (GC) after boron trifluoride-methanol derivatization, and nine
kinds of sterols were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) after separation
and derivatization of the unsaponifiable matter. Cluster analysis was employed for the classification
and identification of the CNPEs.

Results:
The results showed that each kind of CNPEs had its characteristic content and composition of
phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols. Seventeen batches of samples were divided into eight groups in cluster
analysis. CNPEs of the same type from different source (soybean or egg yolk) or enterprises presented
different content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols.

Conclusion:
Each type of CNPEs had its characteristic content and composition of phospholipid, fatty acid
and sterol. The compositions of phospholipid, fatty acid and sterol as a whole can be applied as an indicator
of the quality and characteristics for CNPEs.
Visible Light Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Mixture of Dyes Using ZrO2-TiO2 Nanocomposites
Authors: Sutar Radhakrishna S. , Barkul Rani P. , Patil Meghshyam K. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Different photocatalysts such as TiO2, ZnO and WO3 have been used for the
degradation of organic pollutants. However, these materials have some limitations, which have been
affected the catalytic efficiency in the various transformations. The composites of these materials
with other oxides can produce better results by tuning structural as well as optoelectrical properties.
The composite of TiO2 with ZrO2 has attracted attention due to its use in different areas, as ZrO2 and
TiO2 have similar physicochemical features.

Methods:
This research contains the preparation of ZrO2-TiO2 nanocomposites by hydrothermal
method and analysis of photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue and a mixture of
dyes under visible light irradiation.

Results:
Physicochemical characterization of ZrO2-TiO2 nanocomposites has been studied by using
different techniques. Prepared catalysts has shown anatase phase of TiO2 and tetragonal phase of
ZrO2. XRD, FESEM and HRTEM have supported the nanocrystalline nature of the composites. The
photocatalytic activity of composites and bare TiO2 samples were demonstrated for the degradation
of methylene blue dye. Enhanced activity has been shown by composite having Ti:Zr 3:1 molar proportion,
i.e., Ti3Zr. Effect of concentration of methylene blue, pH of the solution and catalyst loading
have been studied by using Ti3Zr. In addition, the degradation of a mixture of three dyes, namely
methylene blue, rhodamine B and methyl orange, has been studied.

Conclusion:
In summary, prepared ZrO2-TiO2 composites found to be nanocrystalline and visible
light active. These catalysts have shown activity for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
and a mixture of dyes.