bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red AIE Luminogens with Tunable Organelle Specific Anchoring for Live Cell Dynamic Super Resolution Imaging
Authors: Lv Zheng , Man Zhongwei , Cui Hongtu , Xu Zhenzhen , Cao Huanhuan , Li Shuai , Liao Qing , He Qihua , Zheng Lemin , Fu Hongbing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLysosomes and mitochondria play an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Visualizing the long‐term activities of lysosomes and mitochondria on the nanometer scale in live cells is essential for further understanding their functions but remains challenging due to the limitations of existing fluorescent probes, such as aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect, limited signal‐to‐noise ratio from fluorescence “always on” in the process of targeting organelle and poor photobleaching resistance. Herein, two efficient red‐emitting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens are reported, which showed “off‐on” fluorescence characteristic and specific lysosomes as well as mitochondria targeting capability. Owing to their AIE characteristics, a Stokes’ shift larger than 100 nm, good biocompatibility, and excellent photostability, the AIE luminogens have been successfully utilized for high fidelity imaging of lysosomes and mitochondria. By virtue of these two probes, stimulated emission depletion (STED) images of dynamic lysosomal fusion and mitochondrial fission with a high resolution of 65.6 nm are obtained. Furthermore, the interactions between lysosomes and mitochondria in the process of mitophagy are recorded. This study also provides practical guidance for designing specific organelle targeting probes to support live cell dynamic super‐resolution imaging.
Spatially Controlled Lithium Deposition on Silver‐Nanocrystals‐Decorated TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Enabling Ultrastable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Lu Yanzhong , Wang Jinshan , Chen Yang , Zheng Xinyu , Yao Hurong , Mathur Sanjay , Hong Zhensheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract3D scaffolds and heterogeneous seeds are two effective ways to guide Li deposition and suppress Li dendrite growth. Herein, 3D TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays decorated using ultrafine silver nanocrystals (7–10 nm) through cathodic reduction deposition are first demonstrated as a confined space host for lithium metal deposition. First, TiO2 possesses intrinsic lithium affinity with large Li absorption energy, which facilitates Li capture. Then, ultrafine silver nanocrystals decoration allows the uniform and selective nucleation in nanoscale without a nucleation barrier, leading to the extraordinary formation of lithium metal importing into 3D nanotube arrays. As a result, Li metal anode deposited on such a binary architecture (TNT‐Ag‐Li) delivers a high Coulomb efficiency at around 99.4% even after 300 cycles with a capacity of 2 mA h cm−2. Remarkably, TNT‐Ag‐Li exhibits ultralow overpotential of 4 mV and long‐term cycling life over 2500 h with a capacity of 2 mAh cm–2 in Li symmetric cells. Moreover, the full battery with 3D spaced Li nanotubes anode and LiFeO4 cathode exhibits a stable and high capacity of 115 mA h g–1 at 5 C and an excellent Coulombic efficiency of ≈100% over 500 cycles.
Substitutionally Dispersed High‐Oxidation CoOx Clusters in the Lattice of Rutile TiO2 Triggering Efficient CoTi Cooperative Catalytic Centers for Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Yan Yong , Liu Chunyue , Jian Hanwen , Cheng Xing , Hu Ting , Wang Dong , Shang Lu , Chen Ge , Schaaf Peter , Wang Xiayan , Kan Erjun , Zhang Tierui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of economical, highly active, and robust electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the major obstacles for producing affordable water splitting systems and metal‐air batteries. Herein, it is reported that the subnanometric CoOx clusters with high oxidation state substitutionally dispersed in the lattice of rutile TiO2 support (Co‐TiO2) can be prepared by a thermally induced phase segregation process. Owing to the strong interaction of CoOx clusters and TiO2 support, Co‐TiO2 exhibits both excellent intrinsic activity and durability for OER. The turnover frequency of Co‐TiO2 is up to 3.250 s−1 at overpotentials of 350 mV; this value is one of the highest in terms of OER performance among the current Co‐based active materials under similar testing conditions; moreover, the OER current density loss is only 6.5% at a constant overpotential of 400 mV for 30 000 s, which is superior to the benchmark Co3O4 and RuO2 catalysts. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that charge transfer occurs between Co sites and their neighboring Ti atoms, triggering the efficient CoTi cooperative catalytic centers, in which OH* and O* are preferred to be adsorbed on the bridging sites of Co and Ti with favorable adsorption energy, inducing a lower energy barrier for O2 generation.
An Engineered Biomimetic Peptide Regulates Cell Behavior by Synergistic Integrin and Growth Factor Signaling
Authors: Oliver‐Cervelló Lluís , Martin‐Gómez Helena , Reyes Leslie , Noureddine Fatima , Ada Cavalcanti‐Adam Elisabetta , Ginebra Maria‐Pau , Mas‐Moruno Carlos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecreating the healing microenvironment is essential to regulate cell–material interactions and ensure the integration of biomaterials. To repair bone, such bioactivity can be achieved by mimicking its extracellular matrix (ECM) and by stimulating integrin and growth factor (GF) signaling. However, current approaches relying on the use of GFs, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2), entail clinical risks. Here, a biomimetic peptide integrating the RGD cell adhesive sequence and the osteogenic DWIVA motif derived from the wrist epitope of BMP‐2 is presented. The approach offers the advantage of having a spatial control over the single binding of integrins and BMP receptors. Such multifunctional platform is designed to incorporate 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine to bind metallic oxides with high affinity in a one step process. Functionalization of glass substrates with the engineered peptide is characterized by physicochemical methods, proving a successful surface modification. The biomimetic interfaces significantly improve the adhesion of C2C12 cells, inhibit myotube formation, and activate the BMP‐dependent signaling via p38. These effects are not observed on surfaces displaying only one bioactive motif, a mixture of both motifs or soluble DWIVA. These data prove the biological potential of recreating the ECM and engaging in integrin and GF crosstalk via molecular‐based mimics.
Self‐Adjuvanted Molecular Activator (SeaMac) Nanovaccines Promote Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Luo Zichao , He Tao , Liu Peng , Yi Zhigao , Zhu Shunyao , Liang Xiuqi , Kang Entang , Gong Changyang , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeoantigen‐based immunotherapy is a promising treatment option for many types of cancer. However, its efficacy and abscopal effect are limited by impotent neoantigens, high treatment costs, and complications due to action of adjuvants. Here, the design and synthesis of nanovaccines are reported, based on self‐adjuvanted, polymer nanoparticles with in vivo neoantigen‐harvesting and molecular activating capabilities. These nanovaccines inhibit tumor growth significantly and prolong the survival of tumor‐bearing mice in both colon carcinoma 26 (CT26) and B16‐F10 tumor models. Mechanistic studies suggest that as‐synthesized nanovaccines can promote dendritic cell maturation and accumulation expeditiously in lymph nodes, leading to the expansion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Moreover, these nanovaccines elicit abscopal effects in CT26 and B16‐F10 tumors without the need for adjuvants or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Combined with an anti‐PD‐L1 antibody, nanovaccines can evoke robust, long‐term memory immune response, as evidenced by tumor growth inhibition and high survival rates (∼ 67%) over 90 days. These results highlight the potential of using self‐adjuvanted nanovaccines as a simple, safe, and affordable strategy to boost neoantigen‐based cancer immunotherapy.
Locomotion of Miniature Soft Robots
Authors: Ng Chelsea Shan Xian , Tan Matthew Wei Ming , Xu Changyu , Yang Zilin , Lee Pooi See , Lum Guo Zhan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMiniature soft robots are mobile devices, which are made of smart materials that can be actuated by external stimuli to realize their desired functionalities. Here, the key advancements and challenges of the locomotion producible by miniature soft robots in micro‐ to centimeter length scales are highlighted. It is highly desirable to endow these small machines with dexterous locomotive gaits as it enables them to easily access highly confined and enclosed spaces via a noninvasive manner. If miniature soft robots are able to capitalize this unique ability, they will have the potential to transform a vast range of applications, including but not limited to, minimally invasive medical treatments, lab‐on‐chip applications, and search‐and‐rescue missions. The gaits of miniature soft robots are categorized into terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial locomotion. Except for the centimeter‐scale robots that can perform aerial locomotion, the discussions in this report are centered around soft robots that are in the micro‐ to millimeter length scales. Under each category of locomotion, prospective methods and strategies that can improve their gait performances are also discussed. This report provides critical analyses and discussions that can inspire future strategies to make miniature soft robots significantly more agile.
Soft Ferroelectrics Enabling High‐Performance Intelligent Photo Electronics
Authors: Park Chanho , Lee Kyuho , Koo Min , Park Cheolmin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoft ferroelectrics based on organic and organic–inorganic hybrid materials have gained much interest among researchers owing to their electrically programmable and remnant polarization. This allows for the development of numerous flexible, foldable, and stretchable nonvolatile memories, when combined with various crystal engineering approaches to optimize their performance. Soft ferroelectrics have been recently considered to have an important role in the emerging human‐connected electronics that involve diverse photoelectronic elements, particularly those requiring precise programmable electric fields, such as tactile sensors, synaptic devices, displays, photodetectors, and solar cells for facile human–machine interaction, human safety, and sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent developments in soft ferroelectric materials with an emphasis on their ferroelectric switching principles and their potential application in human‐connected intelligent electronics. Based on the origins of ferroelectric atomic and/or molecular switching, the soft ferroelectrics are categorized into seven subgroups. In this review, the efficiency of soft ferroelectrics with their distinct ferroelectric characteristics utilized in various human‐connected electronic devices with programmable electric field is demonstrated. This review inspires further research to utilize the remarkable functionality of soft electronics.
Twisted Biphenyl‐Diimide Derivatives with Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for High Performance OLEDs
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Zhu Xiangyu , Zhang Sikun , Xu Letian , Zhao Zujin , He Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstractπ‐Conjugated arylene diimide derivatives as a kind of well‐known organic dyes have been widely used as building blocks for constructing n‐type semiconductors. However, the large π‐framework faded their solid‐state emission, which hinders their application in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, two novel π‐conjugated donor–acceptor–donor (D‐A‐D) type compounds BPI‐PhPXZ and BPI‐PhDMAC, composed of twisted biphenyl‐diimide (BPI) acceptors and phenoxazine or acridine donors are synthesized. BPI‐PhPXZ and BPI‐PhDMAC show prominent aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and enjoy good thermal and electrochemical stabilities. Doped OLEDs fabricated with the two compounds have achieved high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 18.1% and 16.2%, respectively. The results highlight the beneficial role of well‐designed BPI acceptor for the development of efficient D‐A‐D type TADF emitters with AIE properties.
Optical Chirality Enhancement in Hollow Silicon Disk by Dipolar Interference
Authors: Du Kang , Li Pei , Wang Heng , Gao Kun , Liu Rui‐Bin , Lu Fanfan , Zhang Wending , Mei Ting 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOptical chirality enhancement is highly demanded for enantioselective interaction of circularly polarized light with chiral molecules. The chirality enhancement in the coaxial air hole of a hollow silicon disk depends on three aspects, namely, the enhancements of electric and magnetic fields and a factor determined by the phases of their field components. In the spectral regime of dipole resonances, maximum chirality enhancement with sign consistency and uniform spatial distribution in the air hole can be obtained in association with both magnetic dipole resonance and anapole. Due to dipolar interference, the chirality is nulled at their coincidence, around which the sign of chirality is reversed. Maximum chirality with both positive and negative signs can be found between magnetic dipole resonance and anapole in the vicinity of their coincidence. This situation is maintained under size scaling so that the operation wavelength can be broadly tuned. The optical chirality can be further improved by merely adjusting the hole radius, by which the optimal spatially averaged optical chirality enhancement factor can reach 39 and −23. The simple strategy for optimizing Mie resonators presented in this work may benefit the design of Mie resonator‐based achiral metasurfaces for chirality detection application.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Amino Carboxylic‐Phosphonic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Cao Hao‐Qiang , Li Jun‐Kuan , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Cahard Dominique , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChiral amino acids featuring a phosphonate pendant arm are an important type of biologically active scaffold. Here in this review, we comprehensively summarize the modern synthetic methods towards asymmetric construction of chiral amino carboxylic‐phosphonic acid derivatives. The main streams of such interesting compounds include phosphono‐containing α‐, β‐, and γ‐amino acid derivatives, amino acid fluorophosphonate derivatives, amino acid cyclopropanylphosphonate derivatives, and bisphosphono‐amino acid derivatives. Chiral resolution protocols, chiral auxiliary‐directed syntheses, and valorization of the pool of abundant chiral amino acid resources remain contemporary concerns, and meanwhile catalytic enantioselective synthesis has also emerged as a potent strategy as demonstrated by the latest advances.magnified image
Confinement Aided Simultanous Water Cleaning and Energy Harvesting Using Atomically Thin Wurtzite (Wurtzene)
Authors: Kumbhakar Partha , Mukherjee Madhubanti , Pramanik Ashim , Karmakar Srikanta , Singh Abhishek K. , Tiwary Chandra S. , Kumbhakar Pathik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSyntheses of few‐layered piezocatalysts from nonlayered materials have gained a huge attention of attention in recent years due to their potential applicability in efficient removal of toxic elements from water. Here, a simple scalable bottom up approach consisting of wet‐chemical synthesis method is used to produce the atomically thin (2D)‐wurtzite ZnO: “wurtzene.” The presence of a large number of well‐distributed surface defects in the synthesized wurtzene promotes the separation of charge carriers in it via the excellent piezo‐photocatalytic activity and thereby the efficiency of degradation of a test dye (namely methylene blue) is enhanced by ≈5 times. By taking an innovative approach, a piezoelectric driven power cell is also fabricated by using the wurtzene and the highest open circuit voltage is found out to be ≈40 V at 1.0 kPa of applied periodic pressure. The experimental observations are explained with density functional theory calculation. The confinement effect due to reduced dimension plays a crucial role in the wurtzene's excellent piezoelectric response. It is envisioned that the present findings will provided a clear insight into the synthesis of wurtzene with surface defects for highly efficient sunlight driven photocatalytic activity as well as piezoelectric energy harvesting.
Insights into the Nanostructure, Solvation, and Dynamics of Liquid Electrolytes through Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Qian Kun , Winans Randall E. , Li Tao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe fundamental understanding of nanostructures of liquid electrolytes is expected to enable transformative gains in electrochemical energy storage capacities. However, the solvation structures and molecular dynamics in electrolytes are hard to probe, which limits further performance improvements in macroscopic properties such as ionic conductivity, viscosity, and stability. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), a non‐destructive method for nanostructures characterization in liquids, offers a unique perspective on molecular clusters, anion‐cation pairs, solvation sheath, percolating network, aggregates, and domain sizes of electrolytes. Notably, the SAXS method has excellent time‐resolution, enabling the study of molecular dynamics by operando characterization. This review focuses on the microscopic understanding of liquid electrolytes by SAXS and operando SAXS. The unique capabilities of X‐ray scattering for intra‐ and inter‐molecular relationship and nanostructure characterization of electrolytes are highlighted.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Yulin , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Shang Lu , Zhang Tierui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environmentally friendly oxidant, finding widespread use across the chemical industry, in sanitation and environmental remediation. Currently, H2O2 is manufactured via the anthraquinone process which has a number of disadvantages including nondistributed production, high‐energy consumption, substantial organic by‐product waste, and the need to transport the obtained H2O2 to the point‐of‐use. Accordingly, the electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 is now attracting a lot of interest as an alternative, cost‐effective, small‐scale, and distributed technology for H2O2 manufacture. This review summarizes recent advancements in the development of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous catalysts for electrocatalytic O2 reduction reaction (ORR) to H2O2. The basic principles of the ORR, and methodologies for investigating the ORR to H2O2 are first introduced. Next, H2O2 production over Homogeneous catalysts is discussed, with a focus on the reaction mechanisms and the factors that influence activity, selectivity, and reaction kinetics. Subsequently, recent breakthroughs in H2O2 synthesis over Heterogeneous catalysts, including nonnoble metal‐based nanomaterials, carbon materials, and single‐atom catalysts are described. The latter are given special attention, since they serve as a bridge between Homogeneous catalysis and Heterogeneous catalysis, while also offering excellent performance. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for electrochemical ORR to H2O2 are critically discussed.
The screened waveguide for intrusive acoustic emission detection and its application in circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Sheng Tao , Zhang Peng , Huang Zhengliang , Yang Yao , Sun Jingyuan , Jiang Binbo , Ding Xingcheng , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong , Liao Zuwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA screened waveguide with a 90° elbow, which had a rubber surface to reduce noise generations and a steel/air interface to block noise propagations, was designed to measure local particle movements in certain directions. In the riser of circulating fluidized bed, the noise energy only accounted for 2.1% of the total energy received by the waveguide. Besides, the radial acoustic emission energy distribution detected via the waveguide was highly consistent with the radial solid flux distribution measured by the extraction probe. Furthermore, the radial flow patterns in the riser with Geldart D particles were measured under dense phase conveying by this new method, which always demonstrated as core‐annulus flows and the transition points (r/R) increased with decreasing solid–gas ratios.
Successful pregnancies in an adult with Meier‐Gorlin syndrome harboring biallelic CDT1 variants
Authors: Knapp Karen M. , Murray Jennie , Temple I. Karen , Bicknell Louise S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMeier‐Gorlin syndrome is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of growth retardation, accompanied by microtia and patellae a/hypoplasia and characteristic facies. Pathogenic variants in genes associated with the initiation of DNA replication underlie the condition, with biallelic variants in CDT1 the most common cause. Using 10× Chromium genome sequencing, we report CDT1 variants in an adult female, with an inframe amino acid deletion inherited in trans with a deep intronic variant which likely serves as the branchpoint site in Intron 8. Splicing defects arising from this variant were confirmed through in vitro analysis. At 49 years, she represents the oldest patient with a molecular diagnosis described in the literature and is the first reported patient with Meier‐Gorlin syndrome to have carried a successful pregnancy to term. Both of her pregnancies were complicated by postpartum hemorrhage and upon subsequent necessary hysterectomy, revealed uterine abnormalities. There is scant knowledge on reproductive ability and success in patients with Meier‐Gorlin syndrome. Successful pregnancies among other clinically recognizable forms of primordial dwarfism have also not been described previously. This case is therefore of clinical interest for many forms of inherited growth retardation, and will assist in providing more information and clinical guidance for females of reproductive age.
An examination of a novel multipanel of CSF biomarkers in the Alzheimer's disease clinical and pathological continuum
Authors: Van Hulle Carol , Jonaitis Erin M. , Betthauser Tobey J. , Batrla Richard , Wild Norbert , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Andreasson Ulf , Okonkwo Ozioma , Bendlin Barbara B. , Asthana Sanjay , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study examines the utility of a multipanel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers complementing Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in a clinical research sample. We compared biomarkers across groups defined by clinical diagnosis and pTau181/Aβ42 status (+/−) and explored their value in predicting cognition.MethodsCSF biomarkers amyloid beta (Aβ)42, pTau181, tTau, Aβ40, neurogranin, neurofilament light (NfL), α‐synuclein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), and interleukin 6 (IL6), were measured with the NeuroToolKit (NTK) for 720 adults ages 40 to 93 years (mean age = 63.9 years, standard deviation [SD] = 9.0; 50 with dementia; 54 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], 616 unimpaired).ResultsNeurodegeneration and glial activation biomarkers were elevated in pTau181/Aβ42+ MCI/dementia participants relative to all pTau181/Aβ42‐ participants. Neurodegeneration biomarkers increased with clinical severity among pTau181/Aβ42+ participants and predicted worse cognitive performance. Glial activation biomarkers were unrelated to cognitive performance.DiscussionThe NTK contains promising markers that improve the pathophysiological characterization of AD. Neurodegeneration biomarkers beyond tTau improved statistical prediction of cognition and disease stages.