bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post internationalization strategies of born global service firms
Authors: Dhandapani Karthik , Upadhyayula Rajesh Srinivas , Basant Rakesh 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Extant literature suggests that post-entry internationalization strategies and performance implications of born globals are an under-researched area. This paper aims to examine the internationalization strategies of born global service firms (BGSFs) and performance implications thereof through strategic group analysis of hand-collected data from Indian information technology (IT) firms.

Design/methodology/approach
Strategic group analysis has been used to examine if there are any differences in the strategic decisions across firms and if there are any implications of these strategies on the performance of firms. The strategic group approach helps understand not only the antecedents but also the strategic trade-offs that different groups of BGSFs face after internationalization. The study uses Indian IT industry as the context for analysis of BGSFs, as studies have found that the Indian IT industry to have significant presence of born globals.

Findings
Four distinct strategic paths were found to be followed by BGSFs. In addition, the nature of services and ways of mobilization or deployment of resources explain the different internationalization paths and consequently performance. The performance differences primarily stem from the choice of degree of commitment and scope of internationalization.

Practical implications
This study provides distinct insights to practice by charting internationalization paths for an emerging born global.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the theory on born globals by using strategic lens to explain the internationalization paths and their performance implications.
Business success factors of Muslim women entrepreneurs in Indonesia
Authors: Rafiki Ahmad , Nasution Fahmi Natigor 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to identify important factors affecting the success of Muslim women entrepreneurs (WOE) in the Medan city, North Sumatera province in Indonesia. There are 19 factors that are derived from trait-based, social psychological-based and behavioral-based approaches.

Design/methodology/approach
A descriptive, exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses are used in this study. There are 110 respondents of members of Indonesian Woman Entrepreneur Association and Indonesian Muslim Women Entrepreneur Association in North Sumatera, Indonesia.

Findings
The profile of Muslim WOE is elaborated, and 19 important factors are rated, while the top three factors of each approach are analyzed and discussed. This paper prioritizes the important factors and develops a framework that acts as a reference for success factors of Muslim WOE.

Research limitations/implications
For the government, the rules and regulations must be created to support and facilitate the Muslim WOE and to conduct programs to enhance the development of their business. While for the researchers, they could see an increasing interest of Muslim WOE in business. With a combination of frameworks, the list of important success factors can be compared with the research studies by male counterparts and can be used for further studies.

Originality/value
The success in business is achievable regardless of gender difference. The Muslim WOE make everyone recognize the challenges that they were exposed to and the struggles that they have overcome in managing a business as what men may have already been through.
Does CSR influence firm performance? A longitudinal study of SME sectors of Pakistan
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Sroufe Robert , Mohsin Muhammad , Solangi Yasir Ahmed , Shah Syed Zulfiqar Ali , Shahzad Farrukh 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities influence firm performance based on a longitudinal survey for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Empirical studies suggest that the SME sector plays an essential role in the economic development of Pakistan and can be considered the backbone of the economy.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this study were collected from SMEs located in the cities of Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad in Pakistan. A well-designed questionnaire was administrated over 240 entrepreneurs to analyze and measure the impact of CSR on financial performance for a 12-month period. The authors used econometric analysis of the data using structural equation modeling.FindingsResults reveal significant relationships between CSR and two determinants of firm performance, namely, employee commitment and corporate reputation.Research limitations/implicationsFindings of the study are important for policymakers, entrepreneurs and other professionals in SMEs sectors both in under-developed and, with further application and exploration, in developing countries.Originality/valueThere is no single longitudinal study prior to this has been carried out on the relationships of CSR and firm performance in the SME sector in the context of the Pakistani economy. Hence, this study significantly fills an important gap in the research.
Identifying key actors in an international crisis using dynamic network analysis
Authors: Tawadros Amira S.N. , Soliman Sally 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which dynamic network analysis (DNA), text mining and natural language processing (NLP) are helpful research tools in identifying the key actors in a complex international crisis. The study uses these tools to identify the key actors in the Syrian crisis as a case study to validate the proposed algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve its main purpose, the study uses a collection of three methodologies, namely, DNA, text mining and NLP.

Findings
The results of the analysis show four key actors in the Syrian crisis, namely, Russia, the USA, Turkey and China. The results also reveal changes in their powerful positions from 2012 to 2016, which matches the changes that occurred in the real world. The matching between the findings of the proposed algorithm and the real world events that happened in Syria validate our proposed algorithm and proves that the algorithm can be used in identifying the key actors in complex international crises.

Originality/value
The importance of the study lies in two main points. It proposes a new algorithm that mixes NLP, network extraction from textual unstructured data and DNA to understand and monitor changes occurring in a complex international crisis. It applies the proposed algorithm on the Syrian crisis as a case study to identify the key actors and hence validate the proposed algorithm.
Case of chickenpox in which varicella zoster virus genotype E was identified for the first time in Japan
Authors: Egawa Gyohei , Egawa Kiyofumi , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVaricella zoster virus (VZV) is now classified into seven genotypes, and type J (clade 2) is known as an exclusively prevalent genotype in Japan. Here, we describe an adult Japanese patient who was suffering from chickenpox caused by VZV type E, the most prevalent genotype in Western Europe. Because the eruptions were distributed over the trunk and limbs and the patient had a high titer of immunoglobulin G against VZV, we diagnosed this case as secondary VZV infection. To investigate the current prevalence of VZV genotypes in Japan, we examined the genotype of VZV in an additional 49 Japanese varicella/zoster patients who visited our hospital during 2018–2019. We found that VZV type E was still an exceptionally rare genotype (1/50) in Japan. Because foreign nationals living in Japan who carry VZV genotypes other than type J are increasing in number, secondary chickenpox may increase in Japan in the near future, as well as in the USA where multiple VZV genotypes are distributed.
A directly GP130‐targeting small molecule ameliorates collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) by inhibiting IL‐6/GP130 signalling and Th17 differentiation
Authors: Park Yeon‐Hwa , Kim Hee Jung , Heo Tae‐Hwe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with joint inflammation and destruction driven by T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is secreted by many cell types, including macrophages and synovial fibroblasts. It induces the differentiation and function of Th17 cells that can increase lymphocytic infiltration in the joint. LMT‐28 can suppress IL‐6 signalling through direct binding to glycoprotein‐130 and alleviate inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. The purpose of this study was to assess whether LMT‐28 could potently inhibit Th17 differentiation and to determine the mechanism involved in the attenuating effect of LMT‐28 on rheumatoid arthritis through the IL‐6 signalling pathway. LMT‐28 reduced the arthritis score and showed protective effects against bone and cartilage destruction in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice. In mice with CIA, LMT‐28 markedly decreased serum levels of IL‐6, TNF and IL‐1β compared to vehicle control. Moreover, LMT‐28 attenuated Th17 cell activation in lymph nodes of CIA mice. We demonstrated that LMT‐28 suppressed differentiation of Th17 in mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, LMT‐28 inhibited phosphorylation of GP130, STAT3 and ERK induced by Hyper‐IL‐6 in human fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS). Collectively, these results suggest that LMT‐28 can inhibit differentiated/activated‐Th17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis by blocking activation of the STAT3 pathway. LMT‐28 can attenuate rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting differentiation/activation of Th17 cells and suppressing the proliferation and signalling activation of the IL‐6/solubleIL‐6 receptor complex stimulated FLS.
Geographical patterns and environmental drivers of functional diversity and trait space of amphibians of Europe
Authors: Tsianou Mariana A. , Kallimanis Athanasios S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmphibians are among the most endangered group of vertebrates. To conserve their diversity we need to comprehend how functional diversity and species traits vary across environmental gradients. We investigate the distribution of functional diversity (functional richness–functional dispersion–functional evenness) and the environmental drivers (climate, energy availability, landscape and anthropogenic attributes) of these patterns for the 68 amphibian species of Europe using generalized least squares models and hierarchical partitioning. Based on eight functional traits, species were arranged in a multidimensional functional trait space and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) was applied to investigate the occupancy of this space by amphibians. Functional richness mirrored species richness pattern and decreased towards higher latitudes; while, functional dispersion showed an even stronger negative correlation with latitude. Functional evenness did not display a clear latitudinal trend. Areas with higher functional richness and functional dispersion are associated with lower temperature seasonality and increased land cover diversity, in contrast areas with higher functional evenness are characterized by lower mean annual temperature. Climate seasonality mostly influenced the traits related to the first two PCoA axes (i.e., foraging location, mobility mode) which could have been considered as functional response traits and could be used as indicators to examine how communities respond to environmental change. Our work describes the macroecological patterns and discusses the relative importance of alternative underlying mechanisms driving functional diversity of this high‐risk taxonomical group and highlight that species richness presents only part of the biodiversity patterns, while other facets like functional evenness behave distinctively differently.
LncRNA TUG1 contributes to ESCC progression via regulating miR‐148a‐3p/MCL‐1/Wnt/β‐catenin axis in vitro
Authors: Tang Yin , Yang Ping , Zhu Yunfeng , Su Yong 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Latest studies report that long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) play an essential role in diversified pathological processes of ESCC, although the mechanism by which they do so remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the parts of lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in ESCC tissues and cells, its biofunctional effect and its underlying regulatory mechanism in ESCC.MethodsThe levels of TUG1 and miR‐148a‐3p were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in ESCC cells and tissues. The biofunctional effects were examined by MTT, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. The protein expression levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins and MCL‐1 were determined by western blot analysis. The binding sites between miR‐148a‐3p and TUG1 or MCL‐1 were predicted by online software starBase and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay.ResultsThe mRNA expression of TUG1 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues or cells, and was negatively correlated to miR‐148a‐3p expression in tissues. Knockdown of TUG1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoted apoptosis, and relieved the EMT progression in EC9706 and OE19 cells. Besides, knockdown of miR‐148a‐3p inverted positive effects from TUG1 deletion on ESCC cells. Besides, MCL‐1 reversed the inhibitive effects from TUG1 deletion on expression of EMT‐associated proteins (Wnt1, C‐myc, CyclinD1, and β‐catenin) above subsequently.ConclusionTUG1 regulated the biofunction and EMT progression of ESCC by mediating miR‐148a‐3p/MCL‐1/Wnt/β‐catenin axis in vitro.
Development of a Scale Based on Nursing Outcome Classification “Dignified Life Closure” (1307) to Assess End‐of‐Life Dignity of Patients in Care Homes for the Elderly
Authors: Puente‐Fernández Daniel , Palma‐Ayllón Elena , Sánchez‐García María Remedios , Hueso‐Montoro César , Esteban‐Burgos Ana Alejandra , Montoya‐Juárez Rafael 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSETo develop and pilot the DD‐14 scale, a 14‐indicator scale based on the Nursing Outcome Classification “Dignified life closure” (1307).METHODSSixteen experts selected 14 indicators for Spanish populations. Six care home nurses piloted the scale in 50 terminal patients without cognitive impairment. Factorial and reliability analyses were performed and correlations were determined with dependency, symptomatology, and palliative care quality.FINDINGSDD‐14 demonstrated high reliability (α = 0.916) and a stable factorial structure. It was not influenced by sex, age, or disease and correlated positively with the Barthel index (r = .622; p = .00) and negatively with the Palliative Outcome Scale (r = −.542;p = .00).CONCLUSIONSDD‐14 is a useful scale for evaluating end‐of‐life dignity.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThis instrument could be useful in planning nursing interventions.
Effects of post‐operative furosemide in adult surgical patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Winther‐Olesen Marie , Møller Morten Hylander , Johansen Karina K. , Aasvang Eske K. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and may present as oliguria in the post‐operative phase. Diuretics, including furosemide, are commonly used in post‐operative patients. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the balance between benefits and harms of furosemide post‐operatively in adult surgical patients.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review with meta‐analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statements, the Cochrane Handbook and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. We included randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing post‐operative treatment with furosemide vs no furosemide in adult surgical patients. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by conventional meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA).ResultsTwo thousand five hundred and sixty seven records were identified and four trials with 325 patients in total were included. All were adjudicated as having overall high risk of bias. We observed no statistically significant difference between furosemide‐ vs no furosemide‐treated patients in any of the predefined outcome measures, including AKI (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.43‐2.65), all‐cause mortality (RR 1.73, 95% CI 0.62‐4.80, use of vasopressors post‐operatively (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.74‐1.44) or need for renal replacement therapy (RR 3.87, 95% CI 0.44‐33.99). TSA highlighted sparse data, and the overall quality of evidence was very low.ConclusionIn this systematic review, we found that the quantity and quality of evidence for using furosemide post‐operatively in adult surgical patients were very low with no firm evidence for benefit or harm.
Decreased pericellular matrix production and selection for enhanced cell membrane repair may impair osteocyte responses to mechanical loading in the aging skeleton
Authors: Hagan Mackenzie L. , Yu Kanglun , Zhu Jiali , Vinson Brooke N. , Roberts Rachel L. , Montesinos Cartagena Marlian , Johnson Maribeth H. , Wang Liyun , Isales Carlos M. , Hamrick Mark W. , McNeil Paul L. , McGee‐Lawrence Meghan E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTransient plasma membrane disruptions (PMD) occur in osteocytes with in vitro and in vivo loading, initiating mechanotransduction. The goal here was to determine whether osteocyte PMD formation or repair is affected by aging. Osteocytes from old (24 months) mice developed fewer PMD (−76% females, −54% males) from fluid shear than young (3 months) mice, and old mice developed fewer osteocyte PMD (−51%) during treadmill running. This was due at least in part to decreased pericellular matrix production, as studies revealed that pericellular matrix is integral to formation of osteocyte PMD, and aged osteocytes produced less pericellular matrix (−55%). Surprisingly, osteocyte PMD repair rate was faster (+25% females, +26% males) in osteocytes from old mice, and calcium wave propagation to adjacent nonwounded osteocytes was blunted, consistent with impaired mechanotransduction downstream of PMD in osteocytes with fast PMD repair in previous studies. Inducing PMD via fluid flow in young osteocytes in the presence of oxidative stress decreased postwounding cell survival and promoted accelerated PMD repair in surviving cells, suggesting selective loss of slower‐repairing osteocytes. Therefore, as oxidative stress increases during aging, slower‐repairing osteocytes may be unable to successfully repair PMD, leading to slower‐repairing osteocyte death in favor of faster‐repairing osteocyte survival. Since PMD are an important initiator of mechanotransduction, age‐related decreases in pericellular matrix and loss of slower‐repairing osteocytes may impair the ability of bone to properly respond to mechanical loading with bone formation. These data suggest that PMD formation and repair mechanisms represent new targets for improving bone mechanosensitivity with aging.
Video Discharge Instructions for Acute Otitis Media in Children: A Randomized Controlled Open‐label Trial
Authors: Belisle Sheena , Dobrin Andrei , Elsie Sharlene , Ali Samina , Brahmbhatt Shaily , Kumar Kriti , Jasani Hardika , Miller Michael , Ferlisi Frank , Poonai Naveen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThirty percent of children with acute otitis media (AOM) experience symptoms < 7 days after initiating treatment, highlighting the importance of comprehensive discharge instructions.MethodsWe randomized caregivers of children 6 months to 17 years presenting to the emergency department (ED) with AOM to discharge instructions using a video on management of pain and fever to a paper handout. The primary outcome was the AOM Severity of Symptom (AOM‐SOS) score at 72 hours postdischarge. Secondary outcomes included caregiver knowledge (10‐item survey), absenteeism, recidivism, and satisfaction (5‐item Likert scale).ResultsA total of 219 caregivers were randomized and 149 completed the 72‐hour follow‐up (72 paper and 77 video). The median (IQR) AOM‐SOS score for the video was significantly lower than paper, even after adjusting for preintervention AOM‐SOS score and medication at home (8 [7–11] vs. 10 [7–13], respectively; p = 0.004). There were no significant differences between video and paper in mean (±SD) knowledge score (9.2 [±1.3] vs. 8.8 [±1.8], respectively; p = 0.07), mean (±SD) number of children that returned to a health care provider (8/77 vs. 10/72, respectively; p = 0.49), mean (±SD) number of daycare/school days missed by child (1.2 [±1.5] vs. 1.1 [±2.1], respectively; p = 0.62), mean (±SD) number of workdays missed by caregiver (0.5 [±1] vs. 0.8 [±2], respectively; p = 0.05), or median (IQR) satisfaction score (5 [4–5] vs. 5 [4–5], respectively; p = 0.3).ConclusionsVideo discharge instructions in the ED are associated with less perceived AOM symptomatology compared to a paper handout.
Novel Ethanol‐Sensitive Mutants Identified in an F3 Forward Genetic Screen
Authors: Swartz Mary E. , Lovely Charles Ben , McCarthy Neil , Kuka Tim , Eberhart Johann K. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) collectively refer to all deleterious outcomes due to prenatal alcohol exposures. Alterations to the face are common phenotypes in FASD. While alcohol exposure is the underlying cause of FASD, many variables modify the outcomes of such exposures. Genetic risk is one such variable, yet we still have a limited understanding of the nature of the genetic loci mediating susceptibility to FASD.MethodsWe employed ENU‐based random mutagenesis in zebrafish to identify mutations that enhanced the teratogenicity of ethanol (EtOH). F3 embryos obtained from 126 inbred F2 families were exposed to 1% EtOH in the medium (approximately 41 mM tissue levels). Zebrafish stained with Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red were screened for qualitative alterations to the craniofacial skeleton between 4 and 7 days postfertilization (dpf).ResultsIn all, we recovered 6 EtOH‐sensitive mutants, 5 from the genetic screen itself and one as a background mutation in one of our wild‐type lines. Each mutant has a unique EtOH‐induced phenotype relative to the other mutant lines. All but 1 mutation appears to be recessive in nature, and only 1 mutant, au29, has apparent craniofacial defects in the absence of EtOH. To validate the genetic screen, we genetically mapped au29 and found that it carries a mutation in a previously uncharacterized gene, si:dkey‐88l16.3.ConclusionsThe phenotypes of these EtOH‐sensitive mutants differ from those in previous characterizations of gene–EtOH interactions. Thus, each mutant is likely to provide novel insights into EtOH teratogenesis. Given that most of these mutants only have craniofacial defects in the presence of EtOH and our mapping of au29, it is also likely that many of the mutants will be previously uncharacterized. Collectively, our findings point to the importance of unbiased genetic screens in the identification, and eventual characterization, of risk alleles for FASD.