bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of the Mechanism behind High-Valence Element Doping in Ni-Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Park Nam-Yung , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: December 2024

Layered cathode materials, LiMO2 (M=Ni, Co,Mn, or Al), with a high nickel content are promising cathode materials owing to their near-theoretical specific capacity. However, the inherent chemical and structural instabilities of Ni-rich cathodes lead to several problems, including rapid capacity fading, thermal instability, gas evolution, and safety concerns.1

Introducing additional elements into Ni-rich cathodes is an essential strategy for addressing the instability of the cathode material. Conventionally, this doping strategy considers only the incorporation of additional elements into the bulk structure of the cathode in terms of fortifying the crystal structure.2 However, high-valence elements are likely to be insoluble in the crystal structure, resulting in accumulation along the interparticle boundaries.3 Herein, a new mechanism for doping high-valence elements into Ni-rich cathodes and their effects on the morphology and crystal structure are investigated by calcining LiNiO2 (LNO) and X-doped LNO cathodes (X=Al, Nb, Ta, and Mo) at various temperatures. Operando X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the temperature at which the content of Li-X-O compounds declines is higher for the dopants with high oxidation states, reinforcing segregation at the grain boundary. Thus, the highly aligned microstructure and high crystallinity of the LNO cathode are maintained over a wide calcination temperature range after doping with high-valence elements, enhancing the electrochemical performance.

References:

[1] N.-Y. Park, G.-T. Park, S.-B. Kim, W. Jung, B.-C. Park, Y.-K. Sun, ACS Energy Lett.
2022,7, 2362.
[2] X. Ou, T. Liu, W. Zhong, X. Fan, X. Guo, X. Huang, L. Cao, J. Hu, B. Zhang, Y. S. Chu, G. Hu, Z. Lin, M. Dahbi, J. Alami, K. Amine, C. Yang, J. Lu, Nat. Commun.
2022,13, 2319.
[3] G.-T. Park, D. R. Yoon, U.-H. Kim, B. Namkoong, J. Lee, M. M. Wang, A. C. Lee, X. W. Gu, W. C. Chueh, C. S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, Energy Environ.Sci.
2021,14, 6616.
Water-Based Pickering Emulsion Scheme for One-Step Washing and Coating High-Ni Layered Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Park Seongeun , Lim Jong-Heon , Park Kyu-Young 
Published: December 2024

High-nickel layered oxides have gained significant attention in a lithium-ion rechargeable battery (LIB) system due to their high energy density[1]. However, their severe anisotropic volume changes upon de/lithiation result in mechanical degradation issues, ultimately deteriorating cycle life[2]. Moreover, the unstable surface of the nickel element and the high-temperature synthesis conditions contribute to the residual lithium on the surface, giving rise to electrode engineering hurdles such as slurry gelation and gas evolution[3]. To prevent these major problems, In this research, we propose an innovative water-based Pickering emulsion CNT coating scheme to increase the mechanical strength and residual lithium issues, simultaneously[4]. This approach offers a straightforward physical coating process, facilitating rapid water-washing during CNT coating and minimizing surface damage caused by water in vulnerable high-nickel materials. Using ethyl cellulose in the CNT coating process facilitates stable CNT dispersion and emulsion formation. Additionally, ethyl cellulose forms a hydrophobic layer on the active material surface, addressing moisture sensitivity issues post-water-washing[5]. The synergistic effects of CNT coating and efficient removal of residual lithium enhance the electrochemical cycle life, achieving over a 20% increase in capacity retention compared bare washing after 200 cycle at 1C. This economically and environmentally advantageous water-based coating method is applicable not only to high-nickel cathodes but also to other battery materials requiring CNT coating for enhancing electronic conductivity and suppressing volume change.
Reference
[1] Nature Energy. 2020, 5, 26–34
[2] Chem. Mater .
2018
, 30, 3, 1155–1163
[3] ACS Energy Lett.

2021
, 6, 3, 941–948
[4] Adv. Energy Mater.2020, 10, 2001216

[5] Chem. Mater. 2023, 35, 5150
−5159
Lithium-Doped Nickel Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanosheets Coupled Polyaniline As Bi-Functional Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen/Oxygen Evolution Reactions at All pH Levels
Authors: Lingappan Niranjanmurthi , Lee Wonoh 
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen represents a carbon-free and sustainable energy carrier. Electrochemical water splitting via hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a green approach for the hydrogen production.
Nevertheless, unfavorable thermodynamics and sluggish kinetics limit the water splitting efficiency. While the benchmark catalysts such as Pt@C and RuO2/C catalysts display remarkable catalytic activity, the inferior durability remains a major concern. Further, scarcity and high demand result in sharp rise in cost, hindering their large-scale commercialization. Herein we report the synthesis of lithium-doped nickel iron oxyhydroxide nanosheets gown on polyaniline functionalized carbon fiber as (Li@NiFeOOH@PANi-CF) as bi-functional electrocatalyst for HER and OER. In this design, the interfacial PANi layers substantially improve the surface functionality of the CF substrate and thereby facilitates strong coupling interaction with the Li@NiFeOOH catalyst, which influences the charge transport kinetics across the catalyst/substrate interface and also maintains the structural integrity of the overall catalyst throughout the cyclic and long-term durability tests. Furthermore, the Li@NiFeOOH provide abundant active sites for the dissociation of water, while the PANi-CF facilitates the adsorption of H+ ions from the intermediates and promotes its convention to hydrogen molecules, which accelerates the HER effectively. Due to these intriguing features, the Li@NiFeOOH@PANi-CF manifested remarkable HER efficiency with low overpotential (34, 42, and 53 mV mV at 10 mA cm-
2) in acidic, alkaline, and neutral electrolytes. Besides, the Li@NiFeOOH@PANi-CF demonstrated better OER durability even in acidic electrolyte. As a key functionality, PANi layers protected the carbon surface from corrosive reactions and suppressed the active catalyst dissolution, resulting in high tolerance for both HER and OER at all pH conditions.
Oxidizing Gas Reverses Thermal Ripening of Ni Particles into Single Atom for Solar-Driven Biocatalytic Hydrocarbon Oxygenation
Authors: Kim Chang Hyun , Oh DongHwan , Seo Hwakyoung , Hollmann Frank , Han Jeong Woo , Jung WooChul , Park Chan Beum 
Published: December 2024

Single atoms (SAs), or individual heteroatoms have garnered much interest due to their potential on the revolution of the chemical and energy industrial fields with exceptional metal utilization and unforeseen catalytic advantages from non-ensemble sites. Typically, SAs are synthesized through bottom-up methodologies that involve the ligation between support materials and metal salts. Conversely, there are only a few reports on top-down methods, and even these are primarily focused on precious group elements supported by metal oxide. Coarsening of nanoparticles happens at high temperatures due to the thermal Brownian motion, and ripening as well. Vice versa to this general situation, top-down approaches in building a SA catalyst by virtue of the re-dispersion of nanoparticles have received great attention due to their unique feasibility and unexpected ensemble effects.
In this study, we showcased a novel method where transition metals are dispersed into individual heteroatom sites on an urchin-like titanium nitride support, following the oxidizing annealing process. We elucidated that the initial metal nanoparticles transform into SA during this process, catalyzing the phase transition of nitride lattice to oxide by harvesting the oxygen itself. By adjusting the oxidizing gas species, we controlled the optimal oxidation state of the support with Ni SA, resulting in sufficient and consistent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production via photocatalytic 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR). We further integrated this photocatalytic 2e-ORR with a peroxygenase biocatalysis dependent on H2O2 to facilitate the photoenzymatic oxyfunctionalization of inert hydrocarbons, leading to the synthesis of enantiopure alcohols and epoxides. Our novel top-down approach to SA catalysts finely tunes the electronic structure of transition metals on the support, enabling the synergistic combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis and enzymatic catalysis.
Point-of-Care Neurofilament Light Detection for Neurological Disease Monitoring
Authors: Churcher Nathan , Prasad Shalini , Rizvi Fatima 
Published: December 2024

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a cytoplasmic protein predominantly found in neurons. Its primary role is to provide structural support to myelinated axons during their growth and maintenance. When axons are damaged due to injury or neurodegenerative processes, NfL levels increase in various bodily fluids, including the extracellular matrix, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood. The clinical significance of NfL lies in its association with neurological conditions. High levels of NfL have been observed in several contexts:

Medical Emergencies: In acute medical emergencies such as stroke and head injuries, elevated NfL levels are detected. This rapid response makes NfL a potential biomarker for assessing acute neuronal damage.

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Chronic neurodegenerative conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease, are characterized by progressive neuronal loss. NfL levels are significantly elevated in these diseases, reflecting ongoing axonal damage.

Monitoring Neurodegeneration: Utilizing NfL as a monitoring tool has gained attention. Its presence in easily accessible bodily fluids (such as blood) makes it valuable for creating point-of-care mechanisms. By tracking NfL levels over time, clinicians can assess disease progression, treatment response, and overall neuronal health.

Current NfL monitoring techniques such as Fourth-Generation Immunoassays (SIMOA or Quanterix). These highly sensitive assays allow quantification of NfL even at low levels. They are particularly useful for measuring NfL in plasma and serum. However, they require specialized equipment and trained personnel, limiting their widespread adoption. Microfluidic Cartridge-Based Automated Immunoassay Platforms such as ELLA have also been employed. While these platforms offer automated NfL measurement more conveniently, they also require expensive equipment and proper sample transportation.
In this proposal, we introduce a novel Point-of-Care (PoC) mechanism designed for the rapid detection of Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) in blood plasma. Our approach aims to eliminate the need for sample transportation, reduce procedural delays, and improve turnaround time. We have developed an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) platform specifically tailored for quantifying NfL levels within the physiological range in plasma. By leveraging the chemical interactions between the NfL antibody and antigen, we detect changes in impedance at the electrode-electrolyte interface as a factor of the chemical interaction. To validate our platform, we conducted spike and recovery experiments. These experiments illustrate the platform's ability to detect NfL in plasma samples reliably. In summary, our proposed PoC mechanism represents a significant advancement in NfL monitoring for neurodegenerative diseases. By combining accessibility, precision, and rapidity, we aim to enhance patient care and disease management.
Square Wave Voltammetry-Based Sensor for Precise Leucovorin Level Monitoring in Artificial Urine: A Leap Towards Personalized Cancer Treatment
Authors: Shum Pui Hang , Denanny Lynn 
Published: December 2024

Recent trends in healthcare underscore a paradigm shift towards personalized precision medicine, emphasizing the necessity to customize treatments for individual patients based on their unique responses to diseases and therapeutic interventions. This approach represents a departure from the traditional "one size fits all" model toward a more stratified care methodology.1, 2

Our study explores the potential of square wave voltammetry (SWV) in actualizing a practical approach for monitoring therapeutic drug levels in the biological matrices Using leucovorin calcium (LV), a common cancer treatment drug, as our target model, we illustrate SWV's capability for monitoring circulating medication concentrations within artificial urine.
We showcase an affordable, user-friendly, and portable sensor that has proven effective in the detection of LV at clinically relevant concentrations (0.5 – 30 µM) directly in artificial urine samples, negating the need for complex sample processing. Preliminary explorations also show promising applications in analyzing other bodily fluids, such as saliva and serum.
The sensor design discussed herein serves as an initial demonstration of how such electrochemical sensors can be adapted for point-of-care usage. Its simplicity and the elimination of elaborate sample preparation procedures could significantly enhance utility in clinical environments, potentially revolutionizing the role of electrochemical sensors in healthcare and increasing their accessibility to healthcare professionals for enhanced patient care.
Our research contributes to the field of precision medicine by providing a proof-of-concept that demonstrates the effective employment of electrochemical sensors in therapeutic drug monitoring.

K. Brown and L. Dennany, Sensors and Actuators Reports, 2021, 3, 100065.

I. R. König, O. Fuchs, G. Hansen, E. von Mutius and M. V. Kopp, European Respiratory Journal, 2017, 50, 1700391.

Figure 1
Early Sensing of Hazardous Volatile Organic Compounds to Avoid Disastrous Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway
Authors: Pol Vilas G. , Kaur Palwinder , Bhondekar Amol , Bagchi Sudeshna 
Published: December 2024

Worldwide, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) applications are growing from kWh (electric vehicle) to GWh (grid storage). Along with LIBs proliferation, the complexities in giga factory level battery manufacturing, large-scale storage, system installations and safe DoD operations became significant with enhanced probabilities to mechanical, electrical, or thermal abuse conditions. Thermal runaway,1 a potential hazard leading to battery failure and even fire and explosions, demands innovative solutions for early detection to prevent catastrophic incidents.
Purdue University’s Vilas Pol Energy Research (ViPER) research team innovated scalable, cost effective, and energy efficient polymeric sensor2 for the early detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and various gases released before catastrophic thermal runaway through measuring increased impedance in the LIBs. The studied impedimetric chemosensing of VOCs and vented gases coupled with the battery management system (BMS) is capable of early warning through real time data analysis to the driver/operator, public, fire fighters and first responders on expected toxic and combustible gases.
For the proof of concept, submicron (∼0.15 μm) thick poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) sensor film was coated on an interdigitated platinum electrode measuring VOCs at 5, 15, and 30 ppm independently, in various combinations and at different temperatures with DC resistance/impedance spectroscopy.3-5 These preliminary research and development activities (TRL 2) demonstrated that the initial generation of VOCs before final thermal runaway of the cells can be tracked in seconds mitigating catastrophic event from occurring by sudden cooling of the entire system or venting the storage area. The obtained detection results will be discussed with the technology that could avoid LIBs thermal runaway in the field environment.

References

W. Huang, X. Feng, Y. Pan, C. Jin, J. Sun, J. Yao, H. Wang, C. Xu, F. Jiang and M. Ouyang, J. Energy Storage, 2023, 59, 106536.

V. G. Pol, P. Kaur, Methods and Apparatus for sensing volatile organic compounds and gases released from electrochemical cells, US Patent App. 18/107,115.

P. Kaur, S. Bagchi, V. G. Pol and A. P. Bhondekar, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2023, 127, 8373–8382.

P. Kaur, S. Bagchi, D. Gribble, V. G. Pol and A. P. Bhondekar, ACS Sensors, 2022, 7, 674–682.

P. Kaur, I. K. Stier, S. Bagchi, V. G. Pol, A. P. Bhondekar, Batteries, 2023, 9, 1–14.
(Sensor Division Outstanding Achievement Award) IoT Enabled Turnkey Solution for Detection of Multiple Vapor Phase Analytes in Real-World Conditions
Authors: Khosla Ajit 
Published: December 2024

We are at the cusp of a massive technological expansion, enabled by the possibility of manipulating and interrogating matter at atomic/molecular level, and conveying the outcome of their molecular information to macroscale observers paving the way for ubiquitous sensing. For example, the full potential of the emerging areas such as Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, smart homes, autonomous vehicles, additive manufacturing, precision agriculture, fertilizers, wearables, clean energy, long-term environmental monitoring, security etc. cannot be achieved without the mass deployment of inexpensive, miniature turnkey sensor systems capable of generating high fidelity big data for analysis by advanced analytics in real time. Microelectronics plays a critical role in development of such Turnkey solution. By employing micro nano fabrication techniques and development of new semiconductor materials such lithium tantalate, lithium niobate, and micro hotplate fabrication technologies, it is possible to develop sensor arrays with unprecedented capabilities. Such a sensor arrays are then integrated with FPGA, micrococontrollers, power sources and IoT in order to develop turnkey solution for Detection of Multiple Vapor Phase Analytes in Real-World Conditions. The Big Data generated is then analyzed by Artificial Intelligence/Machine learning techniques. Such turnkey solutions have the potential to change the world.
This talk focuses on development of micro-hot-plate-based Turnkey solution and a teaser of:1. lithium tantalate-based sensor arrays; 2. A Turnkey Palm Size Gas Pre-Concentrator System; and 3. IoT Enabled Turnkey System for Destruction, Removal and Monitoring of Micro-Nano Plastics and PFAS from Tap Water with Integrated Sensor Array
(Digital Presentation) Electrochemical Detection of Levofloxacin Using Zn2+-Doped Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles from Fennel Extract-Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Prado Hernandez Victor Manuel , Morales Jimmy 
Published: December 2024

To solve the problem of detecting drugs derived from fluoroquinolone such as levofloxacin (LV) that is present in aquatic environments, one of the most attractive techniques due to its low cost and ease are electrochemical techniques. LV can be detected using electrochemical techniques such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV), where it is relevant to select the working electrode; electrodes such as vitreous carbon are a great alternative due to their high purity. and chemical stability. Furthermore, modifying its surface improves the electrical properties of the material the electrode is made of. An alternative to modify them is the use of metal oxide nanoparticles, whose properties range between being catalytic or their possible use as material for electrochemical sensors. In this work, an investigation of the electrochemical detection of fluoroquinolone derivatives of pharmaceutical interest is proposed using a glassy carbon electrode modified with Zn2+-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles from fennel extract-assisted synthesis.
References

Shehzad Khan, Basit Ali, Muhammad Salman, Raz Muhammad, Majid Khan, Fayaz Hussain, Kaixin Song, Dawei Wang. Spinel M5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (M = Ni, Co, and Cu) ferrites for energy storage applications: Dielectric, magnetic and electrochemical properties. Ceramics International, 2022, 48 29291-29297
Development of Highly Integrated Electric Double Layer Capacitor and Hybrid Capacitor Based on 3D Additive Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Baek JeongHun , Kim Bumjin , Kang Sanghui , Lee Seungho , Yoo Jungjoon 
Published: December 2024

Recent development of various small electronic devices has created a need for various types of energy storage devices. Conventional energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, are typically manufactured by stacking or rolling film-type anodes, separators, and cathodes, and then injecting liquid electrolytes into the assembly. However, sandwich-structured devices are reaching their limits in terms of ion movement. Moreover, producing customized devices using conventional energy storage technologies is a challenge.
Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome these limitations. One promising research trend is to develop energy storage devices that achieve high energy density and fast charging by altering their structure, rather than by improving the materials. Interdigital structured electrodes can minimize the distance that ions and electrons need to move, resulting in significant improvements in the device's energy and power density. This approach offers the advantage of producing energy storage devices that cannot be manufactured using web-winding electrode methods, as well as enabling the production of customized devices.
In this work, we developed high-viscosity activated carbon electrode and battery electrode slurries suitable for 3D additive manufacturing technology. The electrodes were printed in an interdigital shape using extrusion-based 3D printing technology to fabricate micro-energy storage devices, such as electric double-layer capacitors, hybrid capacitors, and batteries. The electrochemical properties of the fabricated energy storage devices were evaluated, confirming their high energy density and power density.