bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of fatigue damage accumulation in multiple contact of pre-stressed bodies in the presence of wear
Authors: Горячева Ирина Георгиевна , Торская Елена Владимировна 
Published: December 2020

Рассматривается влияние остаточных напряжений, формирующихся при различных видах поверхностной обработки элементов пар трения, на скорость накопления контактно-усталостных повреждений, возникающих при циклическом нагружении поверхностей взаимодействующих тел в условиях трения качения при наличии поверхностного изнашивания. Исследовано влияние относительного проскальзывания, коэффициента трения скольжения, величины остаточных напряжений на распределение амплитудных значений максимальных касательных напряжений. Полученные результаты использованы для анализа влияния поля остаточных напряжений и скорости поверхностного изнашивания на процесс накопления контактно-усталостных повреждений.
Residual stresses are formed during various types of surface treatment of elements of friction pairs. The effect of the residual stresses on the rate of fatigue damage accumulation is considered for the case of cyclic rolling contact in the presence of surface wear. The effect of relative slippage, friction coefficient, and residual stresses on the distribution of the amplitude values of the principal shear stress is studied. The results are used to analyze the effect of the residual stresses and the surface wear rate on the fatigue damage accumulation.
Torsion of rods made of anisotropically hardening material under a linearized plasticity condition
Authors: Миронов Борис Гурьевич , Миронов Юрий Борисович 
Published: December 2020

В работе исследовано кручение стержней из анизотропно упрочняющегося жесткопластического материала. Получены интегралы, определяющие напряженное и деформированное состояния стержня при линеаризованном условии пластичности. Построены линии разрыва напряжений.
The torsion of rods made of anisotropically hardening rigid-plastic material is studied. Integrals are obtained that determine the stress and strain States of the rod under the linearized plasticity condition. Stress discontinuity lines are constructed.
Compatibility of strong discontinuities in micropolar thermoelastic media. A pseudotensor formulation
Authors: Мурашкин Евгений Валерьевич , Радаев Юрий Николаевич 
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматривается процедура вывода условий совместности на поверхностях сильных разрывов в микрополярных термоупругих средах. Условия совместности сильных разрывов 4-тензора Пиолы-Кирхгофа и 4-тензора энергии-импульса выводятся из принципа наименьшего действия. Приведена определяющая форма микрополярного термоупругого потенциала для изотропных и гемитропных сред. Развиваемая псевдотензорная формулировка условий совместности сильных разрывов может быть применена при моделировании динамики изотропных и гемитропных микрополярных термоупругих сред.
The paper deals with the regular procedures for deriving compatibility conditions on the surfaces of strong discontinuities in thermoelastic micropolar media. The jump conditions of the Piola-Kirchhoff 4-pseudotensor and the energy-momentum 4-pseudotensor are derived from the principle of least action. The compatibility conditions on the propagating strong discontinuity surface are explicitly formulated for a micropolar thermoelastic continuum. The developed pseudotensor formulation of the compatibility conditions for strong discontinuities can be applied to the dynamic problems for isotropic and hemitropic micropolar thermoelastic media.
Si la déformation est une ouverture
Authors: Gribinski Michel 
Published: December 2020

La déformation est une fonction majeure de l’esprit. Elle se produit jour et nuit, dans la perception comme dans le rêve, de façon si constante qu’elle semble la norme. Elle donne lieu à des sous-pensées ou des anamorphoses de pensées : des mécanismes d’évitement aussitôt élaborés en opinion , qui fabriquent une éthique de la confusion et servent la résistance. Freud motive sexuellement la déformation et la redresse. Einstein en fournit une représentation formelle.
Un petit pan de réel
Authors: Kahn Laurence 
Published: December 2020

Quand l’indifférence à la vérité prend la place des déguisements hypocrites, et que l’exaltation subjective de la sincérité supplante la conviction pour légitimer les fake news au nom du vraisemblable, la conception psychanalytique de la déformation est-elle encore pertinente ? Dans ce nouveau régime de l’opinion, où règnent constructivisme et empathie, de quel outil dispose-t‑elle pour penser le réel en embuscade derrière le fantasme ?
Quality of Continuing Engineering Education: DAETE and EFQM
Authors: Soeiro Alfredo 
Published: December 2020

<p class="0abstract">DAETE was a project created to develop accreditation procedures to ensure quality of continuing engineering education (CEE) courses. Financed by the European Commission and by the USA government it was adapted to evaluate and to improve quality of the centres in both sides of the Atlantic to foster recognition and cooperation. Among the several quality management models available in the academic and industrial contexts the partnership chose EFQM. The model was developed in two years with four partners from Europe and one from the USA. The development consisted in the adaptation of the EFQM descriptors to the specific contexts of CEE centres. Issues like dimension of centres, relevant results, processes relevant for the goals and appropriate indicators were thoroughly discussed and defined. During the years that followed the implementation and validation occurred with similar financing and with the participation of about one hundred centres around the world. The analysis of the implementation of the modified EFQM variant in several contexts is made in this paper and conclusions are presented. The conclusions also include recommendations for the adoption of the EFQM model to organizations involved in education and training. </p>
Reliable Nickel-Free Surface Finish Solution for High-Frequency, HDI PCB Applications
Authors: Shah Kunal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The evolution of Internet-enabled mobile devices has driven innovation in the manufacturing and design of technology capable of high-frequency electronic signal transfer. Among the primary factors affecting the integrity of high-frequency signals is the surface finish applied on printed circuit board copper pads—a need commonly met through the electroless nickel immersion gold process (ENIG). However, there are well-documented limitations of ENIG due to the presence of nickel, the properties of which result in an overall reduced performance in the high-frequency data transfer rate for ENIG-applied electronics, compared with bare copper. An innovation over traditional ENIG is a nickel-less approach involving a special nano-engineered barrier designed to coat copper contacts, finished with an outermost gold layer. In this study, assemblies involving this nickel-less novel surface finish have been subjected to extended thermal exposure, then intermetallics analyses, contact resistance comparison after every reflow cycle (up to six reflow cycles) to assess the prevention of copper atom diffusion into the gold layer, solder ball pull and shear tests to evaluate the aging and long-term reliability of solder joints, and insertion loss testing to gauge whether this surface finish can be used for high-frequency, high-density interconnect applications.
Using Gis and Death Records to Inform Statewide School-Based Diabetes Prevention Interventions in Michigan
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Baker Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2020

Background One of modifiable risk factors of diabetes is unhealthy diet which is related to obesity. Individuals with childhood obesity are at higher risk of adulthood obesity. School-based diabetes prevention programs are important to reduce childhood obesity. When resources are limited, evidence-based priority need to be undertaken. However, data related to childhood obesity was not widely available, the study used diabetes-related death records as the proxy of diabetes burden. This study aimed to map and identify geographic variation of diabetes-related mortality rate by school district level in Michigan to be used for policy-relevant information. Design and methods This study used death records in Michigan. Diabetes-related mortality rate and years potential life lost (YPLL) was calculated at the school district level. Spatial autocorrelation local Moran's I and geographically weighted regression were used to evaluate spatial pattern of age-adjusted diabetes-related mortality rate by school districts. Results The age-adjusted diabetes-related mortality rate ranged from 17.0 (95% CI, 8.6-25.5) to 171.3 (95% CI, 135.9-206.7) deaths per 100,000 population. The YPLL per person ranged from 0 to 19.3 years (95% CI, 15.5-23.1). High rates of diabetes-related mortality rate and YPLL clustered in East central and Southeastern region of Lower Peninsula Michigan including Flint, Kearsley, Beecher, Westwood Heights, Detroit, Ecorse, River Rouge, Taylor, Allen Park and Lincoln Consolidated school districts. Conclusions There was variation in diabetes burden examined by diabetes-related mortality rate and YPLL at the school district level within Michigan State. The high cluster can be prioritized for the intervention programs.
Efficacy of part-time occlusion in amblyopia in Indian children
Authors: Kaur Savleen , Bhatia Indresh , Beke Nihkil , Jugran Deepak , Raj Srishti , Sukhija Jaspreet 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To study the effectiveness of part-time occlusion (PTO) in different types of amblyopia in Indian population.

Methods:
Prospective case series of consecutive cases of amblyopia from a tertiary care center were subjected to PTO of the better eye and monitored periodically for 6 months. Those who failed to improve by 6 months were shifted to full-time occlusion of the better eye and followed for a further 3 months.

Results:
175 eyes of 175 patients with amblyopia underwent PTO for 6 months. The mean age of the patients was 10.47 ± 4.69 years (range: 3–26 years). Major subgroups included 94 eyes with strabismic amblyopia and 70 with anisometropic amblyopia. Overall, 168 (96%) children benefited from PTO (improvement being defined as a gain of at least one line of Snellen's visual acuity). The improvement rates for strabismic amblyopes (97.9%) was significantly more than anisometropia (94.3%); P = 0.027. Of the seven patients not responding to PTO, six did not benefit even after full-time patching.

Conclusion:
PTO is a viable and effective modality of management of amblyopia in Indian patients. Strabismic amblyopia was the commonest and responded best to the occlusion therapy in our cohort.
Outcome of repeat trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in isolation or combined with phacoemulsification
Authors: Jagannathan Jeevitha , George Ronnie , Shantha B , Vijaya L 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of repeat trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC) in isolation or combined with phacoemulsification, and to identify risk factors for failure over 1 year.

Methods:
Retrospective review of 113 eyes of 113 patients (49 primary open angle, 27 primary angle closure, 37 secondary glaucoma) who underwent repeat trabeculectomy with MMC (isolated trabeculectomy 75 and phacotrabeculectomy 38). The primary outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1 year follow-up. Three IOP criteria were chosen to measure success A) IOP ≤21 mmHg and ≥20% reduction from baseline. B) IOP ≤17 mmHg and ≥20% reduction from baseline. C) IOP ≤14 mmHg.

Results:
Mean IOP decreased from 24.5 ± 8.8 mmHg to 16.4 ± 7.6 mmHg 1 year after repeat trabeculectomy. The mean number of medications reduced from 2.9 ± 1.0 to 0.6 ± 1.0. Complete success with trabeculectomy versus phacotrabeculectomy for criterion A was 60% vs 55.3%, criterion B 54.7% vs 50.0% and criterion C 40.0% vs 28.9%. IOP ≤14 mmHg was more likely with trabeculectomy than phacotrabeculectomy (P = 0.047). On regression analysis, duration between surgeries ≤4 years (P = 0.018) and secondary glaucoma (P = 0.046) were identified as risk factors for surgical failure with criterion A. Younger age (P = 0.042), fornix based flap (P = 0.058), and phacotrabeculectomy (P = 0.042) for criterion C.

Conclusion:
Repeat trabeculectomy with MMC is successful at lowering IOP and decreasing number of antiglaucoma medications. Low IOP levels are less likely with phacotrabeculectomy.
The International Council of Ophthalmology Ophthalmic Clinical Evaluation Exercise
Authors: Palis Ana G , Barrio-Barrio Jesús , Mayorga Eduardo P , Mili-Boussen Ilhem , Noche Christelle D , Swaminathan Meenakshi , Golnik Karl C 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Fifteen years after the publication of the Ophthalmic Clinical Evaluation Exercise (OCEX), it was deemed necessary to review and revise it, and to validate it for an international audience of ophthalmologists. This study to revise the OCEX and validate it for international use.

Methods:
The OCEX rubric was changed to a modified Dreyfus scale; a behavioral descriptor was created for each category. An international panel of ophthalmic educators reviewed the international applicability and appropriateness of the tool.

Results:
A tool for assessing and giving feedback on four aspects of clinical competence during the ophthalmic consultation (interview skills, examination, interpersonal and communication skills, and case presentation) was revised. The original scoring tool was improved to a new behavioral one, and relevant comments and suggestions from international reviewers were incorporated. The new tool has face and content validity for an international audience.

Conclusion:
The OCEX is the only tool for workplace assessment and feedback specifically for ophthalmology residents and the ophthalmic consultation. This improved and simplified version will facilitate its use and implementation to diverse programs around the world.
Agreement and diagnostic accuracy of vision screening in preschool children between vision technicians and spot vision screener
Authors: Misra Neha , Khanna Rohit C , Mettla Asha Latha , Marmamula Srinivas , Keeffe Jill E 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Screening preschool children for vision-related disorders poses a challenge. This study is designed to determine the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of the spot vision screener (SVS) in screening preschool children compared to screening procedure by vision technicians (VT).

Methods:
This study was conducted as a part of the ongoing study titled “Initiative for Screening Children for Refractive Errors and other Eye Health Needs (I-SCREEN).” Children from 33 Anganwadis (preschools) in two districts, Adilabad district of Telangana and Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, in South India, underwent eye health screening by a VT and by a trained community eye health workers (CEHW) using the SVS. Findings were compared for agreement and diagnostic accuracy of assessment.

Results:
A total of 976 preschool children were screened by the VT and separately by the CEHW using the SVS in Adilabad (15 schools) and Krishna (18 schools) districts. The overall mean age of these children was 2.5 years (SD ± 1.3 years). There were 48 (4.9%) referrals by VT compared to 105 (10.8%) referrals by CEHW using SVS. The overall sensitivity of SVS was 91.7% (95% CI: 80%–97.7%) and the specificity was 93.4% (95% CI: 91.6%–94.9%). Positive predictive value was 41.9% (95% CI: 32.3%–51.9%) and negative predictive value was 99.5% (95% CI: 98.8%–99.9%) with a moderate agreement (0.54; 95% CI 0.49–0.64) between VT screening and screening with SVS.

Conclusion:
The SVS showed good diagnostic accuracy and agreement in screening for possible vision-related disorders in preschool children.
Surgical outcomes and occurrence of associated vertical strabismus during a 10-year follow-up in patients with infantile esotropia
Authors: Lee Donghun , Kim Won Jae , Kim Myung Mi 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Authors analyzed long-term surgical outcomes of infantile esotropia and the occurrence of associated strabismus, inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), and dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). Clinical factors related to the occurrence of IOOA and DVD in patients with infantile esotropia were also evaluated.

Methods:
Medical records of patients with infantile esotropia, who underwent surgery between 1995 and 2008, were reviewed retrospectively. Included patients were followed for at least 10 years. The incidence and age at development of IOOA and DVD were analyzed. To evaluate predisposing factors for developing IOOA or DVD, patients were divided into two groups: those with infantile esotropia only (group A) and those who developed IOOA or DVD (group B).

Results:
A total of 122 patients were enrolled and mean follow-up period was 16.0 years (range: 10–32 years). The mean number of surgeries was 1.7 (range: 1–5), and 64 (52.5%) patients achieved optimal horizontal alignment (esotropia <10 prism diopters [PD] and orthotropia). Fifty (41.0%) patients developed IOOA at a median age of 3 years (range: 1–21 years); 54 (44.3%) developed DVD at a median age of 5 years (range: 1–25 years). Patients in group B underwent more horizontal surgeries than those in group A (P = 0.028), and favorable surgical outcomes between the two groups were not different at final visit. There were no other significant differences in clinical factors between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Approximately, 52.5% of patients achieved favorable surgical outcomes through 1.7 surgeries during the 10-year follow-up period. DVD tended to develop at a later age than IOOA, and in some cases, up to 20 years after diagnosis of infantile esotropia. To achieve favorable horizontal alignment at final visit, patients with associated vertical strabismus underwent more horizontal muscle surgeries than patients with infantile esotropia only. The presence of IOOA/DVD may affect horizontal alignment outcomes.
Intracorneal scleral patch supported cyanoacrylate application for corneal perforations secondary to rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Sharma Rajan , Nirankari Verinder S 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To describe a new technique of intracorneal scleral patch (ICSP) supported cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) application in corneal perforations, greater than 3.0 mm secondary to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods:
This Prospective, non-randomized, non-comparative, interventional series included 14 eyes (14 patients). All patients had corneal perforations sized 3.5 to 4.5 mm due to RA, which were treated with ICSP supported CTA application. A partial thickness scleral patch 1.0 mm larger than diameter of corneal perforation was prepared. A lamellar corneal pocket 0.5 mm all around the corneal perforation was created. The partial thickness scleral patch was placed in the corneal perforation site and the edge was fitted into the lamellar intracorneal pocket. A minimum quantity of CTA was applied on the scleral patch to seal the perforation.

Results:
The corneal perforations healed in 14 eyes (100%) in a mean 7.71 ± 1.14 (range, 6–9) weeks. One eye (7.14%) had inadvertent extrusion of ICSP due to premature removal of CTA but, Seidel's test was negative, and the corneal epithelial defect healed with BCL alone. One eye each (7.14%) developed steroid induced cataract and glaucoma. None of eyes developed infective keratitis, re-opening of corneal perforation (necessitating repeat procedure) or enlargement of corneal perforation requiring penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).

Conclusion:
ICSP supported CTA application is a successful alternative option to emergency PKP in treating corneal perforations sized 3.5 to 4.5 mm with associated RA.
Does Sjogren's syndrome affect only the lacrimal gland in the eye? Time to replace the missing stones
Authors: Gurlevik Ugur , Karakoyun Ahmet , Yasar Erdogan 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
This study aimed to reveal the cause of meibomian gland disease and meibomian gland loss in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) as the leading factor for dry eyes.

Methods:
The study included a total of 30 patients with SS and dry eye symptoms and a control group of 50 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. The dryness parameters of all the participants were evaluated. At first, meibography was performed to measure meibomian gland loss using noninvasive methods. Later, meibomian gland expression and secretion quality were evaluated using silt-lamp biomicroscopy. Correlations between the measurements were analyzed statistically.

Results:
In patients with SS, MG loss was significantly greater than in the control group (19.7 ± 71%, 12.7 ± 9.6%, P < 0.001). All dry eye parameters (tear film breakup time, Schirmer's test score, OSDI, stain score, dry eye disease) were statistically significant in the SS group. There was an extremely negative correlation between upper MB loss and BUT (P = 0.08, r: 0.781). There was an extremely positive correlation between upper MB loss and staining (P = 0.015, r: 0.739). An extremely negative correlation was determined between sub-MB loss and BUT (P = 0.18, r:-0.781), and a moderately positive significant correlation was found between sub-MB loss and staining (P = 0.031, r: 0.659).

Conclusion:
The results of this study demonstrated that patients with SS were at a higher risk of being exposed to meibomian gland loss, which directly leads to the severe dry eye symptoms associated with SS.
Safety and efficacy of oral Triclofos in the ophthalmic evaluation of children with pediatric glaucoma
Authors: Sethi Sameer , Joshi Gunjan , Bloria Summit D , Kaushik Sushmita , Chauhan Rajeev , Meena Shyam , Luthra Ankur , Sarna Rashi 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Oral Triclofos is widely used as a sedative agent in children. However, the role of Triclofos as a sedative agent in children undergoing ophthalmological procedures has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of oral Triclofos in children suffering from pediatric glaucoma who were undergoing ocular examination.

Methods:
80 children aged less than 5 years were assessed for eligibility for the trial after taking hospital ethical committee approval. The children were administered 80 mg/kg of oral Triclofos and Ramsay sedation score was measured every 5 min starting from 20 min after administration of the drug. If the child was not adequately sedated after 30 min, additional dose of 05 mg/kg was administered every 5 min till 60 min of drug administration. The procedure was considered a failure and general anesthesia (GA) administered if Ramsay sedation score was ≤4 after 60 min of initial drug administration. Heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were measured throughout the period of sedation. The duration of sedation and incidence of side effects was also noted.

Results:
A total of 73 patients underwent the study. The mean age of children was 23.4 months (SD – 14.72) and mean weight was 12 kg (SD – 3.84). The mean dose of Pedicloryl (Triclofos) used was 83.8 mg/kg and the median duration of onset was 25 min. 64 children completed examination successfully, 2 children had to be administered GA during the procedure. There were no major side effects.

Conclusion:
Administration of oral Triclofos in a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight was safe and effective in children less than 5 years of age undergoing ocular examination.