bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of quantitative time-resolved 3D (4D) digital subtraction angiography in a porcine liver model
Authors: Meram Ece , Shaughnessy Gabe , Longhurst Colin , Hoffman Carson , Wagner Martin , Mistretta Charles A. , Speidel Michael A. , Laeseke Paul F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Time-resolved three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (4D-DSA) can be used to quantify blood velocity. Contrast pulsatility, a major discriminant on 4D-DSA, is yet to be optimized. We investigated the effects of different imaging and injection parameters on sideband ratio (SBR), a measure of contrast pulsatile strength, within the hepatic vasculature of an in vivo porcine model.

Methods
Fifty-nine hepatic 4D-DSA procedures were performed in three female domestic swine (mean weight 54 kg). Contrast injections were performed in the common hepatic artery with different combinations of imaging duration (6 s or 12 s), injection rates (from 1.0 to 2.5 mL/s), contrast concentration (50% or 100%), and catheter size (4 Fr or 5 Fr). Reflux was recorded. SBR and vessel cross-sectional areas were calculated in 289 arterial segments. Multiple linear mixed-effects models were estimated to determine the effects of parameters on SBR and cross-sectional vessel area.

Results
Twelve-second acquisitions yielded a SBR higher than 6 s (p < 0.001). No significant differences in SBR were seen between different catheter sizes (p = 0.063) or contrast concentration (p = 0.907). For higher injection rates (2.5 mL/s), SBR was lower (p = 0.007) and cross-sectional area was higher (p < 0.001). Reflux of contrast does not significantly affect SBR (p = 0.087).

Conclusions
The strength of contrast pulsatility used for flow quantitation with 4D-DSA can be increased by adjusting injection rates and using longer acquisition times. Reduction of contrast concentration to 50% is feasible and reflux of contrast does not significantly hinder contrast pulsatility.
Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in refugees resettling in high-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Henkelmann Jens-R. , de Best Sanne , Deckers Carla , Jensen Katarina , Shahab Mona , Elzinga Bernet , Molendijk Marc 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe number of refugees is at its highest since the Second World War and on the rise. Many refugees suffer from anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but exact and up-to-date prevalence estimates are not available.AimsTo report the pooled prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders and PTSD in general refugee populations residing in high-income countries and to detect sources of heterogeneity therein.MethodSystematic review with meta-analyses and meta-regression.ResultsSystematic searches (final search date 3 August 2019) yielded 66 eligible publications that reported 150 prevalence estimates (total sampleN= 14 882). Prevalence rates were 13 and 42% (95% CI 8–52%) for diagnosed and self-reported anxiety, 30 and 40% (95% CI 23–48%) for diagnosed and self-reported depression, and 29 and 37% (95% CI 22–45%) for diagnosed and self-reported PTSD. These estimates are substantially higher relative to those reported in non-refugee populations over the globe and to populations living in conflict or war settings, both for child/adolescent and adult refugees. Estimates were similar over different home and resettlement areas and independent of length of residence.ConclusionsOur data indicate a challenging and persisting disease burden in refugees due to anxiety, mood disorders and PTSD. Knowing this is relevant for the development of public health policies of host countries. Scalable interventions, tailored for refugees, should become more readily available.
Co-opting the International Writing Program during the Cold War
Authors: Shea James 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article examines the Hong Kong writer Gu Cangwu 古蒼梧 (1945–) and his grassroots activism during the Cold War, namely, his appropriation of the University of Iowa's International Writing Program (IWP). At the IWP from 1970 to 1971, Gu grew critical of US foreign policy, coedited a newsletter produced in the IWP offices, participated in political demonstrations, and published correspondence in Hong Kong in support of the Baodiao movement. The author argues that Gu's activities co-opted a Cold War institution to promote collective political action among the Chinese diaspora and, importantly, among audiences back in Hong Kong, amplified political resistance against both the United States and the United Kingdom. An examination of Gu's writings, including his correspondence, poems, and 2012 faux memoir Jiu jian 舊箋 (Old Letters), in relation to Kuan-hsing Chen's model of “Asia as method” and minjian society, establishes how Gu's political awakening in the United States and the overall student-led Baodiao movement enlarges Chen's conceptual framework. Rather than arising out of indigenous practices, the transpacific movement began overseas among the Chinese diaspora and, in the eyes of Gu, led to genuine political change in Hong Kong.
Quality of Life, Sexual Functioning, and Physical Functioning Following Perineal Reconstruction with the Lotus Petal Flap
Authors: Hellinga Joke , Stenekes Martin W. , Werker Paul M. N. , Janse Moniek , Fleer Joke , van Etten Boudewijn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLotus petal flaps (LPF) may be used for the reconstruction of extralevator abdominoperineal defects that cannot be closed primarily. Limited data are available on how perineal reconstruction with the LPF impacts on patients’ quality of life (QoL), sexual functioning, and physical functioning.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed following perineal reconstruction with the LPF. The QoL of patients having undergone LPF reconstruction was compared with a control group in which perineal defects were closed without flaps. Sexual and physical functioning (presence of perineal herniation and range of motion [ROM] of the hip joints) could only be evaluated in the LPF group. Psychometrically sound questionnaires were used. Physical functioning was evaluated subjectively with binary questions and objectively by physical examination.ResultsOf the 23 patients asked to participate, 15 (65%) completed the questionnaires and 11 (47%) underwent physical examination. In the control group, 16 patients were included. There were no significant differences in QoL between the LPF and control groups. Within the LPF group, 33% of patients were sexually active postoperatively compared with 87% preoperatively. No perineal herniation was found. The ROM of the hip joints was bilaterally smaller compared with the generally accepted values.ConclusionsConclusions should be made with care given the small sample size. Despite a supposedly larger resection area in the LPF group, QoL was comparable in both groups. Nonetheless, reconstruction seemed to affect sexual function and physical function, not hampering overall satisfaction.
Study protocol for Post Pregnancy Family Planning Choices, an operations research study examining the effectiveness of interventions in the public and private sectors in Indonesia and Kenya
Authors: Charurat Elaine , Kennedy Sara , Qomariyah Siti , Schuster Anne , Christofield Megan , Breithaupt Lindsay , Kariuki Emmah , Muthamia Michael , Kabue Mark , Omanga Eunice , Stekelenburg Jelle 
Published: July 2020

Background: Global evidence suggests many postpartum and postabortion women have an unmet need for family planning (FP) after delivery or receiving care following loss of a pregnancy. Post Pregnancy Family Planning Choices, an operations research study, aims to examine the effectiveness of a package of postpregnancy FP interventions, inclusive of postpartum and postabortion FP. The interventions are being implemented in selected public and private facilities in Indonesia and Kenya and focus on quality FP counseling and service provision prior to discharge. This manuscript presents the study protocol, documenting how the study team intends to determine key factors that influence uptake of postpregnancy FP. Methods: This is a multi-country, quasi-experimental operations research study in Brebes and Batang Districts of Indonesia and Meru and Kilifi Counties of Kenya. Quantitative and qualitative data is collected from multiple data sources and participants through interviews and assessments at multiple time points. Participants include health facilities; antenatal, postpartum, and postabortion clients; and key informants at national, subnational, facility, and community levels. Quantitative study data is collected and managed through the use of REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). Once data are thoroughly cleaned and reviewed, regression models and multilevel analyses will explore quantitative data. Qualitative study data is collected using audio recordings and transcribed to Microsoft Word, then analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Qualitative datasets will be analyzed using grounded theory methods. Discussion: The ultimate goals of the study are to generate and disseminate actionable evidence of positive drivers, barriers, and activities that do not yield results with regard to increasing postpregnancy FP programmatic activities, and to institutionalize postpregnancy FP in the public and private sectors in Indonesia and Kenya. We hope these learnings and experience will contribute to global efforts to advance and scale up postpregnancy FP in similar settings beyond these two countries. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03333473
Intellectual education of high school students in specialized classes of pedagogical orientation
Authors: Savel'eva Nina , Serova Evgenia 
Published: July 2020

The relevance of this problem research is conditioned on the intellectually trained teaching staff shortage and the complexity of organizing pre-professional teacher training in high school.
The purpose of this article is to develop and test the program named "Intellect" for students of pedagogical specialized classes. The content of the program has an intellectual, emotional-value, communicative holistic impact on students:
The leading research method for this problem was the questionnaire survey, that was conducted in 114 high school students and 13 teachers, which allowed to identify positive dynamics in high school students attitude to modern education and pedagogical activity.
The article proves that an expanded psychological and pedagogical intelligence-based education can be the constructing successful life trajectories foundation for high school students
The presented in the article research results indicate that the «Intellect» program implementation give rise to intellectual (cognitive) activity of high school students; pedagogical education professional preferences cultivation; activation of essential in the pedagogical field personal qualities of high school students; students self-development.
Practical relevance of the research results is the ability to use the presented program to organize pedagogical oriented specialized classes.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION BRAND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Lapochkina A. 
Published: July 2020

The reputation of any organization is an important asset in which they invest the money they value, thanks to which you can attract more customers and set a higher price in the markets for goods and services. In the article, we will analyze the components of the brand of the educational institution, the main stages of its formation, diagnostic and promotion tools, we will also consider how to measure the effectiveness of this process, we will offer a number of universal indicators that can be taken as a basis for organizing this work in any educational institution.
The relevance of this topic is caused by increasing competition between educational institutions for applicants. The choice of an educational institution is based on the established reputation of an educational institution in the educational services market. The conscious policy of the institution regarding the formation and development of its own brand becomes important.
Collateral Misreporting in the Residential Mortgage-Backed Security Market
Authors: Kruger Samuel , Maturana Gonzalo 
Published: July 2020

Securitized mortgage appraisals routinely target pre-specified valuations, 45% of purchase loan appraisals exactly equal purchase prices, and appraisals virtually never fall below purchase prices. As a result, appraisals exceed automated valuation model (AVM) valuations 60% of the time and are 5% higher than AVM valuations on average. High appraisals and indicators of appraisal targeting predict loan delinquency and residential mortgage-backed security (RMBS) losses and are priced at the loan level through higher interest rates, but have essentially no impact on RMBS pricing. Selection bias simulations and unfunded loan application appraisals indicate that high appraisals are intentional. The extent to which appraisals exceed AVM valuations varies across loan officers, mortgage brokers, and appraisers, and high appraisals are associated with more repeat business for appraisers, potentially incentivizing appraisers to inflate their appraisals. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viral infections in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: cell susceptibility and gene expression
Authors: Alkaff Ahmad Husein , Yohan Benediktus , Tambunan Usman Sumo Friend , Sasmono R. Tedjo 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND Infections of Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), and chikungunya viruses (CHIKV) are presented with similar clinical symptoms; these often lead to misdiagnosis. Viremia levels and host immune responses may contribute to disease severity. This study was aimed to characterize the ability of ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV to infect human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and assess the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)- 10 genes in response to the viral infections.
METHODS PBMCs were isolated from healthy donors using gradient centrifugation. Cells were infected with Indonesian isolates of ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV for 48 hours. Plaque assays were performed to measure viable virus titers, while viral genomic RNA and the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-10, and IP-10 were determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS The susceptibility of PBMCs to ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV infection was observed, and the viable virus titer and viral genome quantity were found to be significantly higher in ZIKV and CHIKV. All viruses induced the expression of immune-related proteins. The TNF-α gene was upregulated by all viruses to relatively similar levels. IL-10 expression was highest in response to ZIKV, followed by CHIKV. In contrast, IP-10 expression was highly upregulated in DENV-infected cells and only moderately expressed in ZIKV- and CHIKV-infected cells.
CONCLUSIONS ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV clinical isolates infected PBMCs with different levels of virus infectivity. The gene expression of IL-10 was highly upregulated in ZIKV infection and IP-10 in DENV infection.
Cytotoxic effect of natural cuttlefish bone xenograft: an <em> in vitro </em> and <em> in vivo </em> study
Authors: Irianto Komang Agung , Limbong Suyenci 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND Commercialized synthetic bone grafts are commonly used to replace the bone defect. Cuttlefish bone is naturally available and widely studied, but the specific cytotoxicity test has not been conducted. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the xenograft compared to commercial grafts.
METHODS We performed an in vitro test evaluating the viability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) when cultured for 48 hours with the tested materials (cuttlefish bone graft and fabricated PerOssal®). The trypsinized mitochondrial activity of the viable hMSC was assayed based on colorimetry of the formazan color change. The tested material was considered nontoxic if >70% of the hMSCs were viable. The in vivo cytotoxic effect was evaluated by implanting the graft material in the femoral muscle of New Zealand (NZ) white rabbits. Nine rabbits were used in each test (cuttlefish bone, PerOssal®, and NaCl 0.9%). The systemic acute pyrogenic effect was evaluated based on 72 hours body weight changes and rectal temperature changes every 30 min in the first 3 hours and 72 hours post-implantation.
RESULTS The mean percentage of hMSC viability when cultured with cuttlefish bone graft and PerOssal® was comparable (93.47% and 105.37%, respectively, p = 0.240). The in vivo cytotoxicity on NZ rabbit was similar between all tested materials, as shown by the minor changes in body weight (<10% body weight, p = 0.391) and rectal temperature (<0.5°C, p = 0.127).
CONCLUSIONS Cuttlefish bone xenograft and fabricated PerOssal® have a similar non-cytotoxic effects on hMSCs and non-pyrogenic systemic effects on rabbits.
Improving a long-acting reversible contraception usage by understanding client perspectives
Authors: Kusumaningrum Weni , Damayanti Rita , Storey John Douglas , Yelda Fitra 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND Despite the limited use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in Indonesia, they have proven to be cost-effective in family planning programs. This study was aimed to identify the elements of ideas and views that people hold and their association with the use of LARC (intrauterine devices and implants) as a means of improving its utilization in Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province, Indonesia.
METHODS Data were derived from the Improving Contraceptive Mix Methods survey of 6,384 respondents in Bima District, Central Lombok, and North Lombok, NTB Province, in 2015. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify suitable elements of 19 variables and generate three ideation elements on attitude, knowledge, and interpersonal communication. Subsequently, the association of three ideation elements with LARC use in NTB was examined.
RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that LARC use was higher among women with a positive attitude toward LARC and high frequency of interpersonal communication. Women with positive attitudes had 7 times greater odds of using LARC than women with negative attitudes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.09–8.55). Women with a high frequency of interpersonal communication were 2.4 times more likely to use LARC than women with low communication frequency (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.94–2.99).
CONCLUSIONS To increase the use of LARC in NTB, family planning programs should not only focus on improving women’s knowledge but also prioritizing the promotion of positive attitudes toward LARC and facilitating interpersonal communication.
Factors associated with outcome of acute encephalitis in children: a retrospective study of three referral hospitals
Authors: Santoso Lucyana Alim , Widodo Dwi Putro , Munasir Zakiudin 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND Encephalitis is more frequent in children and has a poor outcome. There was no data on encephalitis in children in Indonesia, so this study was aimed to evaluate clinical presentation and diagnostic examination of children with acute encephalitis, and factors related to outcome.
METHODS This was a retrospective study of medical records between 2014 and 2018 in three referral hospitals in Jakarta and Tangerang. Clinical presentation at admission, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neuroimaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) were documented. Outcome was determined at hospital discharge and classified as poor for severe neurological abnormalities at discharge or died. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associated factors with the outcome.
RESULTS A total of 190 children were included and most were age >1 year (71%). Most subjects presented with fever (90%) and seizures (87%). Of those who had seizures, 80% experienced generalized seizures. Focal neurological deficit was seen in 90 patients (47%). EEG was positive in 90% subjects (n = 27/30). Probable cases were found in 51% of all subjects. The mortality was 23%. Focal seizures (odds ratio [OR] = 3.305, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.122–9.742) and age >1 year (OR = 3.076, 95% CI = 1.388–6.803) were risk factors for a poor outcome.
CONCLUSIONS Acute encephalitis occurred most often in children aged >1 year. Fever and seizures were the most common symptoms. EEG was better than other examinations for confirming diagnosis of encephalitis. Focal seizures and age >1 year were associated with a three-fold increased risk for a poor outcome.
Risk factors for asthma exacerbation among Hajj pilgrims: a case study from DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Saifuddin Anshari , Nasir Ujainah Zaini , Rengganis Iris , Shatri Hamzah 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND Hajj pilgrims are prone to asthma exacerbation because of the high transmission rate of respiratory infections, severe environmental factors, and high-intensity activities during the Hajj. Well-controlled asthma status and preventive efforts prior to the Hajj could reduce such exacerbations. This research aimed to determine the risk factors of asthma exacerbation during the Hajj to help establish preventive measures.
METHODS Participants were evaluated at community health centers (puskesmas) through history taking, physical examination, and spirometry. The risk factors examined included a history of exacerbation one year before the Hajj, obesity, comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease), lung function, smoking, fitness level, and influenza vaccination. Asthma exacerbation while in Saudi Arabia was determined through direct observations by authors and physicians assigned to Hajj pilgrim groups and analysis of data obtained from questionnaires distributed to the pilgrims before their departure. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression.
RESULTS Among 68 pilgrims with asthma, exacerbation occurred in 27 (40%) pilgrims. Risk of asthma exacerbation was significantly increased in the pilgrims with a history of exacerbation one year before the Hajj (OR = 4.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.156–15.829; p = 0.029) and obesity grade II (OR = 4.02; 95% CI = 1.151–14.097; p = 0.029). Other factors, including smoking, comorbidities, lung function, fitness level, obesity grade I, and influenza vaccination, were not significantly related to exacerbation.
CONCLUSIONS Obesity grade II and history of asthma exacerbation one year before the Hajj are strong factors for asthma exacerbation during Hajj pilgrims.
Bullet signature measurement with chromatic confocal sensor
Authors: Wei Hengzheng , Wang Weinong , Wang Xiaolin , Li Yiyi 
Published: July 2020

A new, non-contact, three-dimensional (3D) bullet signature measuring system based on a chromatic confocal sensor is developed. The system is composed of a precision rotary table and a chromatic confocal sensor. The measurement uncertainty of the system is less than 1 µm. When measuring the surface topography of the object, the sensor acquires wavelength information reflected from the object instead of intensity information. This advantage is very suitable to bullet signature measurements. The chromatic confocal sensor works in the point measuring mode and can acquire data continuously with high speed. One round section measurement on the bullet body takes less than 1 minute.