bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminated Herpes Zoster During COVID-19
Authors: Voisin Olivier , Deluca Nina , Mahé Annabelle , Lelorc'h Erwan , Hubert Sidonie , Ménage Elodie , Borie Marie-Françoise , Azria Philippe , Fite Charlotte , Pilmis Benoit , Mourad Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a variety of dermatological conditions were reported by physicians. Given the context, these lesions have been labeled as secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We report the case of a recurrence of herpes zoster in a patient hospitalized with an SARS-CoV-2 infection. The rash occurred on the 15th day of hospitalization while the patient was recovering from a severe form. Local swab showed the presence of varicella-zoster virus within the vesicles. Dermatological symptoms secondary to COVID-19 have been frequently described. This is the first case that demonstrates the recurrence of herpes zoster during a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children
Authors: Osorio María F. , Vaca Richard G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has spread rapidly to the world. The disease can vary from mild cases to severe respiratory distress; this may increase rapidly and overwhelm the pediatric intensive care units. Lately, there have been various reports about a de novo multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We classified the disease into 2 spectrums: the acute phase in severely ill patients and the postinflammatory phase. Neither of them could be classified as mild because there is enough evidence that supports a wide range of complications. The goals of this brief review were to summarize available literature and to give some awareness about the current status of the coronavirus disease 2019 in the severely ill patients during the active phase and postinflammatory phase.
Real-World Compliance With Follow-up in 2,554 Cochlear Implant Recipients: An Analysis of the HERMES Database
Authors: Shapiro Scott B. , Lipschitz Noga , Kemper Nathan , Abdelrehim Lamiaa , Hammer Theresa , Wenstrup Lisa , Breen Joseph T. , Grisel Jedidiah J. , Samy Ravi N. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Traditional paradigms of care recommend close audiology follow-up and regular speech perception outcomes assessment indefinitely for cochlear implant (CI) recipients after device activation. However, there is scant published data on actual compliance with this paradigm in clinical practice.

Methods:
A multi-center cochlear implant database was queried to identify follow-up rates after cochlear implantation. Follow-up rates where speech perception outcomes assessment occurred at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months post-activation were determined by tabulating observed follow-up divided by expected follow-up (O/E ratio) expressed as a percentage. To determine all-cause audiology follow-up rates (with or without testing speech perception outcomes assessment), the database patients from two participating centers (one private practice and one academic center) were similarly analyzed using electronic health record (EHR) data to calculate O/E rates where audiology follow-up occurred for any reason.

Results:
O/E follow-up rates where speech perception outcomes assessment occurred was 42, 40, 31, 29, 5, and 22% for 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months post-activation, respectively (n = 2,554). All-cause audiology follow-up rates (with or without speech perception outcomes assessment) using EHR-confirmed data from two individual centers were 97, 94, 81, 66, 41, and 35% at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months post-activation visits, respectively (n = 118).

Conclusions:
Compliance with audiology follow-up and speech perception outcomes assessment is generally low and decreases significantly as time post-activation increases. Future paradigms of care for CI should be designed recognizing the significant attrition that occurs with CI follow-up.
Systematic Review of Endoscopic Ear Surgery Outcomes for Pediatric Cholesteatoma
Authors: Basonbul Razan A. , Ronner Evette A. , Kozin Elliott D. , Lee Daniel J. , Cohen Michael S. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Endoscopic ear surgery (EES) has been increasingly adopted to enhance visualization during otologic surgery including pediatric cholesteatoma resection. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the current literature reporting rates of residual cholesteatoma to evaluate outcomes of EES in the pediatric population.

Data Sources:
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane.

Study Selection:
Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis recommendations (PRISMA), we systematically reviewed studies that reported outcomes for cholesteatoma surgery in children using the endoscope. Studies were included if they described the use of the endoscope for middle ear surgery and measured outcomes following cholesteatoma resection in pediatric patients.

Data Extraction:
Identified articles were assessed for study design, sample size, inclusion of pediatric population, the presence of a comparison group, outcomes measured such as: residual disease rate, recurrent cholesteatoma, audiologic outcome, quality of life measures, and complications.

Data Synthesis:
Fourteen articles in the literature discussed cholesteatoma outcomes in children when the endoscope was employed. Residual disease rate ranged from 0 to 22% when endoscope was used for dissection compared with 11 to 55% when endoscope was used for inspection or not at all. A meta-analysis was conducted on 11 studies. There was a significant risk reduction in residual disease rates for endoscopic dissection when compared with microscope (RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.37–0.63, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Among the studies included in this review, EES was associated with lower rates of residual cholesteatoma compared with traditional microscopic techniques. Additional prospective studies are needed to further assess these findings.
What Makes Tinnitus Loud?
Authors: Yakunina Natalia , Nam Eui-Cheol 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Tinnitus loudness is a subjective measure, and it does not directly reflect either tinnitus severity or the impact on daily life. Nevertheless, loud tinnitus may be the most frequent clinical complaint of tinnitus patients. Factors contributing to the loudness of the phantom sound have rarely been studied. We evaluated both matched and self-rated loudness in a large sample of patients with tinnitus and analyzed the influencing factors among demographic, hearing, and tinnitus characteristics.

Methods:
Two hundred ninety-nine patients with chronic tinnitus were enrolled. We evaluated the matched loudness, minimal masking level (MML), and visual analog scale (VAS) loudness. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed for each loudness measure using independent variables of age, sex, time since tinnitus onset, tinnitus laterality, pure-tone average, tinnitus pitch, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) score, VAS annoyance, disturbance and daily tinnitus duration, and depression score. We calculated bivariate correlations between each loudness measure and all independent variables.

Results:
The psychoacoustic loudness measures (matched loudness and MML) were highly correlated and were affected by the hearing deficit and tinnitus pitch (Pearson r > 0.5 for pure tone averages, and r > 0.3 for tinnitus pitch for both variables, p < 0.05), whereas the subjective measurement (VAS loudness) exhibited little to no correlation with the other two measures and was related to psycho-emotional factors such as the THI score, VAS variables, and depression (Pearson r > 0.6 for VAS annoyance, r > 0.4 for VAS daily duration and disturbance and THI score, r > 0.3 for the depression score, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The matched tinnitus loudness and MML values were influenced principally by the extent of hearing loss and related factors, suggesting that rehabilitation using hearing aids could help reduce perception of tinnitus loudness. A psycho-emotional approach might more effectively lessen self-perceived loudness.
Access to the Apical Cochlear Modiolus for Possible Stem Cell-based and Gene Therapy of the Auditory Nerve
Authors: Wrobel Christian , Bevis Nicholas F. , Meyer Alexander C. , Beutner Dirk 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) is permanent and responsible for a substantial number of patients suffering from hearing impairment. It can derive from the degeneration of SGNs due to the death of sensory hair cells as well as from auditory neuropathy. Utilizing stem cells to recover lost SGNs increasingly emerges as a possible therapeutic option, but access to human SGNs is difficult due to their protected location within the bony impacted cochlea. Aim of this study was to establish a reliable and practicable approach to access SGNs in the human temporal bone for possible stem cell and gene therapies.

Methods:
In seven human temporal bone specimen a transcanal approach was used to carefully drill a cochleostomy in the lateral second turn followed by insertion of a tungsten needle into the apical modiolus to indicate the spot for intramodiolar injections. Subsequent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) served as evaluation for positioning of the marker and cochleostomy size.

Results:
The apical modiolus could be exposed in all cases by a cochleostomy (1.6 mm2, standard deviation ±0.23 mm2) in the lateral second turn. 3D reconstructions and analysis of CBCT revealed reliable positioning of the marker in the apical modiolus, deviating on average 0.9 mm (standard deviation ±0.49 mm) from the targeted center of the second cochlear turn.

Conclusion:
We established a reliable, minimally invasive, transcanal surgical approach to the apical cochlear modiolus in the human temporal bone in foresight to stem cell-based and gene therapy of the auditory nerve.
Effect of Repetitive Administration of a Next-generation Sensory Organization Test in Adults With and Without Vestibular Dysfunction
Authors: Grove Colin R. , Whitney Susan L. , Hetzel Scott J. , Heiderscheit Bryan C. , Pyle G. Mark 
Published: November 2020

Hypothesis:
The overall aim was to assess the effects of repetitive testing on performance on a next-generation Sensory Organization Test (NG-SOT).

Background:
The psychometric properties of sensory organization assessment with a next-generation posturography device are not fully characterized. Thus, a better understanding of the reliability of the NG-SOT is required to support its use as an outcome measure.

Methods:
Forty adults (20 vestibular-impaired) participated. Test–retest reliability was determined using the interclass correlation coefficient [ICC (3,1)] for the composite, somatosensory, vision, vestibular, and visual preference scores. Learning effects were assessed by analyzing the change in the composite score over time.

Results:
Analyzing the NG-SOT scores across all participants produced the following interclass correlation coefficients [95% confidence interval (CI)]: composite = 0.95 (0.92, 0.97), somatosensory = 0.20 (−0.06, 0.44), vision = 0.93 (0.88, 0.96), vestibular = 0.91 (0.85, 0.94), and visual preference = 0.19 (−0.07, 0.43). The mean differences (95% CI; p value) for the composite score between administrations were: 2.7 (1.0, 4.4; 0.002) for visits 1 and 2; 1.4 (−0.3, 3.1; 0.099) for visits 2 and 3; 0.7 (−1.0, 2.4; 0.403) for visits 3 and 4; and 0.4 (−1.3, 2.1; 0.653) for visits 4 and 5.

Conclusions:
Test–retest reliability was excellent for the composite, vision, and vestibular scores, but it was poor for the somatosensory and visual preference scores. A learning effect for the composite score was identified, but performance was stable after two administrations. Changes in the composite score that are greater than 6.5 points exceed the measurement error for the test.
Prognostic Factors for the Outcome of Translabyrinthine Surgery for Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: de Boer Nick P. , Koot Radboud W. , Jansen Jeroen C. , Böhringer Stefan , Crouzen Jeroen A. , van der Mey Andel G. L. , Malessy Martijn J. A. , Hensen Erik F. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To identify predictors of tumor recurrence and postoperative facial nerve function after translabyrinthine surgery for unilateral vestibular schwannomas.

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Between 1996 and 2017 a total of 596 patients with unilateral vestibular schwannoma underwent translabyrinthine surgery. Pre- and postoperative clinical status, radiological, and surgical findings were evaluated.

Intervention(s):
Translabyrinthine surgery.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Potential predictors for tumor recurrence and facial nerve outcome were analyzed using Cox regression and ordinal logistic regression, respectively.

Results:
The extent of tumor removal was total in 32%, near-total in 58%, and subtotal in 10%. In 5.5% (33/596) of patients the tumor recurred. Subtotal tumor resection (p = 0.004, hazard ratios [HR] = 10.66), a young age (p = 0.008, HR = 0.96), and tumor progression preoperatively (p = 0.042, HR = 2.32) significantly increased the risk of recurrence, whereas tumor size or histologic composition did not. A good postoperative facial nerve function (House–Brackmann grade 1–2) was achieved in 85%. The risk of postoperative facial nerve paresis or paralysis increased with tumor size (p < 0.001, OR = 1.52), but was not associated with the extent of tumor removal, histologic composition, or patient demographics.

Conclusions:
Translabyrinthine surgery is an effective treatment for vestibular schwannoma, with a good local control rate and facial nerve outcome. The extent of tumor removal is a clinically relevant predictor for tumor recurrence, as are young patient age and preoperative tumor progression. A large preoperative tumor size is associated with a higher risk of postoperative facial nerve paresis or paralysis.
Sémont Maneuver for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Treatment: Moving in the Correct Plane Matters
Authors: Gebhart Isabel , Götting Carina , Hool Sara-Lynn , Morrison Miranda , Korda Athanasia , Caversaccio Marco , Obrist Dominik , Mantokoudis Georgios 
Published: November 2020

Hypothesis:
We aimed to investigate the effect of the head excursion angle on the success of the Sémont Maneuver (SM).

Background:
SM is performed with the head turned by 45 degrees toward the unaffected ear. In clinical routine, it is unlikely that physicians can turn the head to a position of exactly 45 degrees. Moreover, it is unclear how possible deviations from 45 degrees would affect the outcome with SM.

Methods:
We used an in vitro model (upscaled by ×5) of a posterior semicircular canal with canalithiasis to study head excursion angles (0–75 degrees) and minimum waiting times in SM. Additionally, we measured actual head excursion angles performed by trained physicians during SM on a healthy subject.

Results:
Successful canalith repositioning to the utricle was possible at head excursion angles between 21 and 67 degrees. Waiting time increased from 16 to 30 seconds with increasing deviation from 45 degrees. Angles larger than 67 degrees or smaller than 21 degrees did not lead to successful repositioning even after a waiting period of 5 minutes. Physicians set head excursion angles of 50 degrees ±SD 4.8 degrees while performing the SM.

Conclusion:
Angular deviations up to ±20 degrees from the ideal SCC plane (45 degrees) still allows for successful SM. Although the tested physicians tended to underestimate the actual head excursion angle by 5 degrees (and more), the success of SM will not be affected provided that the waiting time is sufficiently long. Further, the results suggest that the Brandt-Daroff maneuver is a form of habituation training rather than a liberatory maneuver.
High blood pressure in Chinese youth across categories of BMI and waist circumference
Authors: Zhang Ying-Xiu , Wang Shu-Rong 
Published: November 2020

Background
BMI and waist circumference (WC) have commonly been used to identify obesity in practice. The aim of the present study was to assess the blood pressure (BP) status among Chinese college students categorized by BMI and WC.

Methods
A total of 4226 college students (2107 males and 2119 females) aged 19–22 years included in the study. The WHO BMI cutoffs were used to define underweight, normal weight and overweight. The WC cutoffs (90 cm for man and 80 cm for woman) were used to define central obesity. High BP was defined as SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mmHg. The BP status of subjects within each category across BMI and WC were assessed.

Results
When subjects were categorized by BMI, overweight males and females had a higher prevalence of high BP than their nonoverweight counterparts. When WC was used to diagnose central obesity, subjects with central obesity had a higher prevalence of high BP than those with normal WC. A positive association between BMI, WC and BP was also observed even in normal-weight subjects, with ‘high normal BMI’ subgroup (BMI = 23.7–24.9) had a higher BP level and prevalence of high BP than ‘low normal BMI’ subgroups (BMI = 18.5–19.7 and BMI = 19.8–21.0, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Prevention of overweight/obesity in youth may be an effective approach for preventing the development of hypertension in the future; for normal-weight youth, it is essential to keep their BMI at a lower level within normal range.
Growth, body composition, and endocrine issues in Williams syndrome
Authors: Stanley Takara L. , Leong Aaron , Pober Barbara R. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
Williams syndrome is a multisystem disorder caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 7q. Throughout infancy, childhood, and adulthood, abnormalities in body composition and in multiple endocrine axes may arise for individuals with Williams syndrome. This review describes the current literature regarding growth, body composition, and endocrine issues in Williams syndrome with recommendations for surveillance and management by the endocrinologist, geneticist, or primary care physician.

Recent findings
In addition to known abnormalities in stature, calcium metabolism, and thyroid function, individuals with Williams syndrome are increasingly recognized to have low bone mineral density, increased body fat, and decreased muscle mass. Furthermore, recent literature identifies a high prevalence of diabetes and obesity starting in adolescence, and, less commonly, a lipedema phenotype in both male and female individuals. Understanding of the mechanisms by which haploinsufficiency of genes in the Williams syndrome-deleted region contributes to the multisystem phenotype of Williams syndrome continues to evolve.

Summary
Multiple abnormalities in growth, body composition, and endocrine axes may manifest in individuals with Williams syndrome. Individuals with Williams syndrome should have routine surveillance for these issues in either the primary care setting or by an endocrinologist or geneticist.
Correction of slope-intercept glomerular filtration rate measurement without scaling for body size
Authors: McMeekin Helena , Burniston Maria T. , Barnfield Mark , Peters A. Michael 
Published: November 2020

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate a slope-intercept glomerular filtration rate (GFR) one-compartment correction method based exclusively on the rate constant (
α

2) of the exponential between 2 and 4 h post-injection that requires no scaling for BSA.

Methods
The correction factor is 1/([C.
α

2]+1). C depends on the difference between one-compartment-corrected and uncorrected GFR, so varies with different correction procedures. Patients were in four groups: group 1 (51Cr-EDTA; n = 141) and group 2 (99mTc-DTPA; n = 47) had sampling at 2, 3 and 4 h. Groups 3A (99mTc-DTPA; n = 168) and 3B (99mTc-DTPA; n = 361) gave nine samples up to 480 min. C was calculated from GFR corrected using Brochner-Mortensen (BM) without prior BSA-scaling (C
BM; GFRBM), after BSA-scaling then reverse-scaling as per British Nuclear Medicine Society (BNMS) guidelines (C
BNMS; GFRBNMS), and after correction using the equations containing ‘f’ described by Fleming (C
Flem; GFRFlem) and Jodal and Brochner-Mortensen (C
JBM; GFRJBM). In group 3A, C (C
9) was determined from GFR measured from all nine samples (GFR9) and from seven samples (C
7) up to 240 min. In 3B, GFRC, corrected using 1/([C
9.α
2]+1), was compared with GFRBM, GFRBNMS, GFRFlem and GFRJBM against GFR9 (gold-standard).

Results

C derived from these one-compartment correction formulae ranged from 25 to 32 min. In group 3, C
7 and C
9 were 28 ± 11 and 38 ± 14 min (P < 0.0001). Biases of GFRBM, GFRBNMS, GFRJBM, GFRFlem and GFRC against GFR9 were 2.7, 1.5, 4.2, 3.4 and 0.4 ml/min. Corresponding precisions were 9.3, 7.3, 7.0, 6.7 and 7.6 ml/min.

Conclusion
Correction using
α

2 avoids BSA scaling, has a low bias against gold-standard GFR and does not over-correct at high GFR.
Direct correlation between ischemic burden induced by dipyridamole and stress peak filling rate: a gated perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography study
Authors: Bestetti Alberto , Cuko Besart , Gasparini Massimo , De Servi Stefano 
Published: November 2020

Aim and patients
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of dipyridamole on stress and rest peak filling rate in consecutive patients who showed perfusion and, or function abnormalities at Gated-SPECT. Were enrolled 96 patients (73 males (76%); mean age 71.7 ± 9.57). Forty patients (41.7%) had an history of myocardial infarction and fifty-seven (59.4%) of previous cardiac revascularization. All patients underwent a 2-day 99mTc-SestaMIBI gated perfusion SPECT protocol.

Results
Twenty-nine (30.2%) patients showed fixed perfusion defects, 54 (56.2%) showed partially or completely reversible ones, while 13 (13.5%) showed normal perfusion but reduced LVEF. SSS was significantly higher than SRS (9.55 ± 9.29 vs. 7.10 ± 8.48; P = 0.0001). Stress peak filling rate was not significantly higher than rest peak filling rate (1.73 EDV/s ± 0.69 EDV/s vs. 1.67 EDV/s ± 0.56 EDV/s; P = 0.62). At a multivariate regression analysis, only stress peak filling rate, as independent variable, was directly correlated with myocardial ischemia (SDS) (P = 0.018). We divided patients according to SDS in those with mild (SDS < 5) and severe (SDS ≥ 5) ischemia. Stress peak filling rate was the only parameter significantly different between groups.

Conclusion
Stress PFR showed a better correlation with the degree of ischemia compared to the remaining perfusion and functional parameters. The direct correlation between SDS and stress PFR leads us to speculate that dipyridamole could improve diastolic function in ischemic patients.