bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsive Exosome Nano‐bioconjugates for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Nie Weidong , Wu Guanghao , Zhang Jinfeng , Huang Li‐Li , Ding Jingjing , Jiang Anqi , Zhang Yahui , Liu Yanhong , Li Jingchao , Pu Kanyi , Xie Hai‐Yan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExosomes hold great potential in therapeutic development. However, native exosomes usually induce insufficient effects in vivo and simply act as drug delivery vehicles. Herein, we synthesize responsive exosome nano‐bioconjugates for cancer therapy. Azide‐modified exosomes derived from M1 macrophages are conjugated with dibenzocyclooctyne‐modified antibodies of CD47 and SIRPα (aCD47 and aSIRPα) through pH‐sensitive linkers. After systemic administration, the nano‐bioconjugates can actively target tumors through the specific recognition between aCD47 and CD47 on the tumor cell surface. In the acidic tumor microenvironment, the benzoic‐imine bonds of the nano‐bioconjugates are cleaved to release aSIRPα and aCD47 that can, respectively, block SIRPα on macrophages and CD47, leading to abolished “don't eat me” signaling and improved phagocytosis of macrophages. Meanwhile, the native M1 exosomes effectively reprogram the macrophages from pro‐tumoral M2 to anti‐tumoral M1.
Functional and Structural Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle in Long‐Term Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Controlled Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Berntsen Kristin Schjander , Raastad Truls , Marstein Henriette , Kirkhus Eva , Merckoll Else , Cumming Kristoffer Toldnes , Flatø Berit , Sjaastad Ivar , Sanner Helga 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo compare muscle strength and endurance of the knee extensors between patients with long‐term juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) and controls and between patients with active disease and those with inactive disease, and to explore associations between strength/endurance and 1) clinical parameters, 2) physical activity, and 3) humoral/structural adaptation in the skeletal muscle of patients.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study (44 patients and 44 age‐ and sex‐matched controls), we tested isometric muscle strength (peak torque, in Nm) and dynamic muscle endurance (total work, in Joules) of the knee extensors, physical activity (measured by accelerometer), and serum myokine levels (by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay). Patients were examined with validated tools (clinical muscle tests and measures of disease activity/damage and inactive disease) and using magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh muscles, which included evaluation of the quadriceps cross‐sectional area (CSA). Needle biopsy samples of the vastus lateralis muscle (obtained from 12 patients ages ≥18 years) were assessed by histochemistry.ResultsAfter a mean ± SD disease duration of 21.8 ± 11.8 years, peak torque was lower in patients with juvenile DM compared to controls (mean difference 29 Nm, 95% confidence interval 13–46; P = 0.001). Similarly, total work of the knee extensors was lower in patients compared to controls (median 738J [interquartile range 565–1,155] versus 1,249J [interquartile range 815–1,665]; P < 0.001). Both peak torque and total work were lower in patients with active juvenile DM compared to those with inactive disease (both P < 0.019); in analyses controlled for quadriceps CSA, only total work remained lower in patients with active disease. Moreover, peak torque and total work correlated with findings from clinical muscle tests in patients with active disease (r = 0.57–0.84). Muscle biopsy results indicated that the fiber type composition was different, but capillary density was similar, between patients with active disease and those with inactive disease.ConclusionIn patients with long‐term juvenile DM, both muscle strength and endurance of the knee extensors were lower when compared to matched controls, and also lower in patients with active disease compared to those with inactive disease. Our results indicate a need for more sensitive muscle tests in this clinical setting. We hypothesize that impaired muscle endurance in patients with active juvenile DM may be influenced by structural/functional adaptations of muscle tissue independent of muscle size.
Placental transfer of 125iodinated humanized immunoglobulin G2Δa in the cynomolgus monkey
Authors: Catlin Natasha R. , Mitchell Andrea Z. , Potchoiba Michael J. , O'Hara Denise M. , Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Minlei , Weinbauer Gerhard F. , Bowman Christopher J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAntibody‐like biopharmaceuticals cross the placenta by utilizing existing transport pathways (e.g., FcRn receptor). There are limited data evaluating this transfer during organogenesis in any species. Understanding placental transfer of antibody‐like biopharmaceuticals can help to predict risk of developmental toxicity across species, including humans. To complement previously published placental transfer data in the rat with humanized IgGΔ2 (hIgG2), the timing and magnitude of transfer in the cynomolgus monkey and embryo/fetal biodistribution of maternally administered 125I‐radiolabeled hIgG2 was quantified on gestation days (GD) 35, 40, 50, 70, and 140 using gamma counting and whole body autoradiography 24 hr following intravenous injection. Chorioallantoic placental tissues were collected at all time points for Western Blot analysis with anti‐FcRn antibody. Maternally administered 125I‐hIgG2 was found in embryo/fetal tissues at all time points, including organogenesis. Embryo/fetal plasma 125I‐hIgG2 concentration increased during gestation, but only slightly up to GD 70 in embryo/fetal tissues, with hIgG2 tissue concentrations generally similar between GD70 and 140. The embryo/fetal:maternal 125I‐hIgG2 plasma concentration ratio was approximately 2.3 fold higher on GD 140, in comparison to ratios on GD 40. Importantly, placental FcRn protein expression was confirmed at all timepoints. These data demonstrate placental transfer of hIgG2 in a nonhuman primate model, and at levels comparable to the rat model, raising the potential for adverse developmental outcomes by direct antibody binding to biological targets.
A LabVIEW module to promote undergraduate research in control of AC servo motors of robotics manipulator
Authors: Yahya Samer , Moghavvemi Mahmoud , Almurib Haider A. F. , Al‐Rizzo Hussain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a project‐based learning pedagogy for undergraduate mechanical engineering students which integrates traditional hardware‐based laboratory with LabVIEW to control the angular position, velocity, and acceleration of AC servo motors of a six‐degree of freedom manipulator. The proposed experimental modules have been proved to be very effective in assisting teams of undergraduate students within the Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, who have used the modules in designing a new mechanical structure of a robot during their capstone design project. The proposed pedagogy inspired undergraduate students to publish their first paper based on the outcomes of their project. The focus on this paper is to present how the students' learning experience has been significantly enforced and their role in developing the modules introduced in this paper. Three modules are presented; the first configures a timer to generate a signal that drives the servo motors. The second drives the servo motor to a specific angular position with a constant angular velocity. Finally, the third is used to control the servo motor to follow any desired angular position, velocity, and acceleration.
The Multifaceted Inhibitory Effects of an Alkylquinolone on the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Dow Lachlan , Stock Frederike , Peltekis Alexandra , Szamosvári Dávid , Prothiwa Michaela , Lapointe Adrien , Böttcher Thomas , Bailleul Benjamin , Vyverman Wim , Kroth Peter G. , Lepetit Bernard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying interactions between diatoms and bacteria are crucial to understand diatom behaviour and proliferation, and can result in far‐reaching ecological consequences. Recently, 2‐alkyl‐4‐quinolones have been isolated from marine bacteria, both of which (the bacterium and isolated chemical) inhibited growth of microalgae, suggesting these compounds could mediate diatom–bacteria interactions. The effects of several quinolones on three diatom species have been investigated. The growth of all three was inhibited, with half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations reaching the sub‐micromolar range. By using multiple techniques, dual inhibition mechanisms were uncovered for 2‐heptyl‐4‐quinolone (HHQ) in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Firstly, photosynthetic electron transport was obstructed, primarily through inhibition of the cytochrome b6f complex. Secondly, respiration was inhibited, leading to repression of ATP supply to plastids from mitochondria through organelle energy coupling. These data clearly show how HHQ could modulate diatom proliferation in marine environments.
Single Molecule Conductance of Electroactive Helquats: Solvent Effect
Authors: Kolivoška Viliam , Šebera Jakub , Severa Lukáš , Mészáros Gábor , Sokolová Romana , Gasior Jindřich , Kocábová Jana , Hamill Joseph M. , Pospíšil Lubomír , Hromadová Magdaléna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of helquat molecules with increasing number of rings n was studied by electrochemical and break junction methods to provide redox characteristics and single molecule conductance properties. Even though selected species do not contain anchoring groups the molecular junction conductance was observed experimentally and depends strongly on the solvent used. Single molecule conductance G is almost two orders of magnitude higher in water environment compared to mesitylene, whereas the distribution of G values is narrow in water and wide in mesitylene solvent. In the non‐polar environment, G increases with increasing n, contrary to generally accepted notion of decreasing tunneling current with increasing molecular length. This behavior is, however, consistent with electrochemical properties, which showed that longer helquats are reduced more easily than the shorter ones. Furthermore, theoretical computations provided most probable molecular junction configurations of helquats in water solvent with excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental G values.
Improving LED Efficiency with the New Polymorph β‐Ca1−xSrxAlSiN3:Eu2+
Authors: Fiedler Tim , Dirksmeyer Stephanie , Seibald Markus , Hummel Franziska , Peschke Simon , Achrainer Gina M. , Bichler Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInnovative materials for phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) are much sought after due to the huge potential of the LED technology to reduce energy consumption worldwide. One of the main levers for further improvements are the conversion phosphors. The system Ca1−xSrxAlSiN3:Eu2+ currently provides one of the most important red‐emitting phosphors for pc‐LEDs. We report the discovery of the new polymorph β‐Ca1−xSrxAlSiN3:Eu2+ which allows for significant improvements to LED efficacies. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn with lattice parameters a=982.43(10) pm, b=575.2(1) pm and c=516.12(5) pm. Compared to α‐Ca1−xSrxAlSiN3:Eu2+, its emission shows a significantly reduced spectral full‐width at half maximum (FWHM). With that, we demonstrated 3 % efficacy increase for white light‐emitting pc‐LEDs. The new polymorph can easily be industrialised, because the synthesis works on the same equipment as α‐Ca1−xSrxAlSiN3:Eu2+.
Current Challenges in Catalyst Development for PEM Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Bernt Maximilian , Hartig‐Weiß Alexandra , Tovini Mohammad Fathi , El‐Sayed Hany A. , Schramm Carina , Schröter Jonas , Gebauer Christian , Gasteiger Hubert A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work addresses current challenges in catalyst development for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEM‐WEs). To reduce the amount of iridium at the oxygen anode to levels commensurate with large‐scale application of PEM‐WEs, high‐structured catalysts with a low packing density are required. To allow an efficient development of such catalysts, activity and durability screening tests are essential. Rotating disk electrode measurements are suitable to determine catalyst activity, while accelerated stress tests on the MEA level are required to evaluate catalyst stability.
Partial order relations for classification comparisons
Authors: Chang Lo‐Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Bayes classification rule offers the optimal classifier, minimizing the classification error rate, whereas the Neyman–Pearson lemma offers the optimal family of classifiers to maximize the detection rate for any given false alarm rate. These motivate studies on comparing classifiers based on similarities between the classifiers and the optimal. In this article, we define partial order relations on classifiers and families of classifiers, based on rankings of rate function values and rankings of test function values, respectively. Each partial order relation provides a sufficient condition, which yields better classification error rates or better performance on the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Various examples and applications of the partial order theorems are discussed to provide comparisons of classifiers and families of classifiers, including the comparison of cross‐validation methods, training data that contains outliers, and labelling errors in training data. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 152–166; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
A phase 2 clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab and radiotherapy in patients with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Ho Alice Y. , Barker Christopher A. , Arnold Brittany B. , Powell Simon N. , Hu Zishuo I. , Gucalp Ayca , Lebron‐Zapata Lizza , Wen Hannah Y. , Kallman Cindy , D'Agnolo Alessandro , Zhang Zhigang , Flynn Jessica , Dunn Samantha A. , McArthur Heather L. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab‐mediated programmed cell death protein 1 inhibition plus radiotherapy (RT) in patients with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer who were unselected for programmed death‐ligand 1 expression.MethodsThe current study was a single‐arm, Simon 2‐stage, phase 2 clinical trial that enrolled a total of 17 patients with a median age of 52 years (range, 37‐73 years). An RT dose of 3000 centigrays (cGy) was delivered in 5 daily fractions. Pembrolizumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 200 mg within 3 days of the first RT fraction, and then every 3 weeks ± 3 days until disease progression. The median follow‐up was 34.5 weeks (range, 2.1‐108.3 weeks). The primary endpoint of the current study was the overall response rate (ORR) at week 13 in patients with unirradiated lesions measured using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST; version 1.1). Secondary endpoints included safety and progression‐free survival. Exploratory objectives were to identify biomarkers predictive of ORR and progression‐free survival.ResultsThe ORR for the entire cohort was 17.6% (3 of 17 patients; 95% CI, 4.7%‐44.2%), with 3 complete responses (CRs), 1 case of stable disease, and 13 cases of progressive disease. Eight patients died prior to week 13 due to disease progression. Among the 9 women assessed using RECIST version 1.1 at week 13, 3 (33%) achieved a CR, with a 100% reduction in tumor volume outside of the irradiated portal. The CRs were durable for 18 weeks, 20 weeks, and 108 weeks, respectively. The most common grade 1 to 2 toxicity (assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0) was dermatitis (29%). Four grade 3 adverse events were attributed to pembrolizumab: fatigue, lymphopenia, and infection. No were no grade 4 adverse events or treatment‐related deaths reported.ConclusionsThe combination of pembrolizumab and RT was found to be safe and demonstrated encouraging activity in patients with poor‐prognosis, metastatic, triple‐negative breast cancer who were unselected for programmed death‐ligand 1 expression. Larger clinical trials of checkpoint blockade plus RT with predictive biomarkers of response are needed.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Selective Oxidative Coupling of Amines to Imines by Bismuth‐Rich Bismuth Oxybromide in Water
Authors: Zhao Wei , Yang Chunxia , Zhang Xu , Deng Yu , Han Chunqiu , Ma Zhaoyu , Wang Li , Ye Liqun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotocatalytic selective oxidative coupling of amines is a promising method for imine synthesis. Bismuth‐rich bismuth oxybromide photocatalysts have been found to exhibit improved conversion and selectivity for the visible‐light‐driven selective oxidative coupling of amines to imines in water. Benzylamines with either electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating groups undergo good conversion (94–99 %) and excellent selectivity (93–98 %) to the corresponding imines. The average apparent quantum efficiency at 455 nm is 57.4 %. Active species trapping experiments, isotope experiments, and in situ infrared spectroscopy reveal that water both serves as solvent and participates in the coupling reaction as a reactant. This work provides a green and environmentally friendly method for the efficient synthesis of imines with bismuth‐rich bismuth oxyhalides and reveals water is involved in the oxidative coupling mechanism of benzylamines.
Leaching Mechanisms of Industrial Powders of Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries in a Pilot‐Scale Reactor
Authors: Zielinski Margot , Cassayre Laurent , Destrac Philippe , Coppey Nicolas , Garin Gilles , Biscans Béatrice 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn view of a sustainable recycling process, the leaching mechanisms of nickel and rare‐earth elements (REEs) contained within industrial samples of spent nickel metal hydride battery powders were investigated in HCl and H2SO4, under mild temperature (25–60 °C) and pH (3–5.5). First, in‐depth characterization of the heterogeneous battery powder was carried out with powder XRD, SEM, electron probe microanalyzer wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy (EPMA‐WDS) quantitative analyses of individual particles, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) elemental analysis. An unusual result is the identification of particles that exhibit a core–shell structure, which is related to anode active mass aging mechanisms. Then, a leaching study in a 10 L pilot‐scale reactor demonstrated the selective dissolution of REEs, with respect to nickel, at pH 3, which is attributed to 1) the kinetic inhibition of nickel metal dissolution, and 2) the specific core–shell structure of aged mischmetal particles. Furthermore, the use of H2SO4 led to coprecipitation of lanthanide–alkali double sulfates and nickel salts.
An efficient resource allocation to improve QoS of 5G slicing networks using general processor sharing‐based scheduling algorithm
Authors: AlQahtani Salman A. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryFifth generation (5G) slicing is an emerging technology for software‐defined networking/network function virtualization–enabled mobile networks. Improving the utilization and throughput to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of 5G slicing is very important for the operators of mobile networks. With growing data traffic from different applications of numerous smart mobile devices having several QoS requirements, we expect networks to face problems of congestion and overload that prevent the effective functioning of a radio access network (RAN). This paper proposes a more effective packet‐based scheduling scheme for data traffic by 5G slicing with two operation modes for improving the resource utilization of 5G cloud RAN and providing an efficient isolation of the 5G slices. These two operation modes are referred to as static sharing resource (SSR) scheme and dynamic sharing resources (DSR) scheme. The SSR scheme is a modified version of an existing method. The goal of this approach is to reallocate the shared available resources of 5G network fairly and maximize the utilization of bandwidth while protecting a 5G slice from overwhelming other 5G slices. Throughput and delays of the system model are also discussed to show its performance limits. On the basis of the simulation outcomes, we observed that the proposed DSR scheme outperforms the SSR scheme in terms of provided delay and throughput. In addition, the token bucket parameters together with the assigned capacity weight for each slice can be selected and configured based on the required QoS. Finally, a good estimate for the maximum delay bounds of the slices is provided by the derived theoretical delay bound.
Detection of 5α‐reductase inhibitors by UPLC–MS/MS: Application to the definition of the excretion profile of dutasteride in urine
Authors: Mazzarino Monica , Martellone Lorenzo , Comunità Fabio , de la Torre Xavier , Molaioni Francesco , Botrè Francesco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn analytical procedure based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was developed to screen and to confirm dutasteride and its metabolites in human urine. Sample preparation included an enzymatic hydrolysis followed by solid‐phase extraction using the strong cation exchange cartridges OASIS® MCX. The chromatographic separation was carried out on C18 column, employing as mobile phases ultra purified water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. Detection was achieved using a triple quadrupole as a mass spectrometric analyzer, with positive ion electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring as acquisition mode. The analytical procedure developed was validated according to ISO 17025 and World Anti‐Doping Agency guidelines. The extraction efficiency was estimated to be greater than 75% for both dutasteride and its hydroxylated metabolites. Detection capability was determined in the range of 0.1–0.4 ng/mL. Specificity and repeatability of the relative retention times (CV% < 0.5) and of the relative abundances of the characteristic ion transitions selected (CV% < 10) were confirmed to be fit for purpose to ensure the unambiguous identification of dutasteride and its metabolites in human urine. The developed method was used to characterize the urinary excretion profile of dutasteride after both chronic and acute administration of therapeutic doses. After chronic administration, dutasteride and its hydroxylated metabolites were easily detected and confirmed. After acute administration, instead, only the two hydroxylated metabolites were detected for 3–4 days.
Credible and economic multimedia service optimization based on game theoretic in hybrid cloud networks
Authors: Cao Tengfei , Zhong Lujie , Xiao Han , Song Chengru , Yang Shujie , Xu Changqiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe cloud network has the advantages in efficiently offloading the large‐scale Internet traffic, which is considered as a promising architecture to provide the satisfactory multimedia services for mobile users. However, most current studies lack the joint consideration of economic and security of services in hybrid cloud networks. In this paper, a novel multimedia service optimization mechanism is proposed hereby to meet the user's requirements mentioned above while guaranteeing the reliability of service. Firstly, a credible scheme is designed to help the mobile users distinguish the reliable cloud providers. Meanwhile, a blockchain‐based content credibility approach is further designed to guarantee the reliability and integrity of video contents. Moreover, a noncooperative Stackelberg game model is presented to maximize the profit of each party. Furthermore, the equilibrium of this game is achieved by the methods of backward induction and gradient descent. Finally, extensive simulations demonstrate that our solution has efficient performance in terms of secure service ratio, utility, service pricing, etc.