bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvascular Anatomy and Intrinsic Gene Expression of Menisci From Young Adults
Authors: Crawford Matthew D. , Hellwinkel Justin E. , Aman Zachary , Akamefula Ramesses , Singleton J. Thomas , Bahney Chelsea , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Meniscal vascular supply is an important determinant of its healing potential. It has been reported that only the peripheral 30% of the meniscus is vascularized in cadavers aged 53 to 94 years; however, the vascularity in young patients, in whom meniscal repair is more often performed, is unknown. Purpose: The primary objective was to analyze and measure the microvascular anatomy of the meniscus in adult cadaveric specimens <35 years old. The secondary objective was to assess angiogenic potential by quantifying regional gene expression in a meniscal allograft cohort <45 years old. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: In part 1 of this study, 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees (age range, 22-34 years; mean, 28.5 years) underwent popliteal artery India ink injection and tissue clearing using a Spalteholz technique, followed by microvascular vascular measurement. In part 2, mRNA was isolated from 13 meniscal allografts (age range, 17-43 years; mean, 27.2 years), and expression of angiogenic genes, vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 ( FLT1) was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The maximal depth of vascular penetration into the periphery of the medial and lateral menisci ranged from 0% to 42% and 0% to 48%, respectively. There was variation in the degree of vascular penetration within the medial meniscus, with the posterior horn having a significantly smaller depth of penetration (median, 8.7%) than that of the anterior horn (median, 17.4%; P < .0001) or midbody (median, 17.5%; P = .0003). There were no differences in angiogenesis gene expression ( VEGF/ FLT1) based on circumferential or radial meniscal locations. Conclusion: The vascular supply of the medial and lateral menisci in specimens from adults <35 years of age extended farther than what was reported in specimens from older individuals; however, median values remained consistent. Gene expression of the angiogenic marker VEGF was low throughout all regions of uninjured menisci from young adults, which is consistent with reports in older specimens. Clinical Relevance: Improved understanding of meniscal vascular supply in young adults is critical to informing clinical treatment decisions.
Sleep Problems Are Related to a Worse Quality of Life and a Greater Non-Motor Symptoms Burden in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Santos-García Diego , Castro E. Suárez , de Deus Fonticoba T. , Panceiras M. J. Feal , Enriquez J. G. Muñoz , González J. M. Paz , Bartolomé C. Cores , Planellas L. L. , Caldentey J. García , Caballol N. , Legarda I. , López I. Cabo , Manzanares L. López , Rivera M. A. Ávila , Catalán M. J. , Nogueira V. , Borrué C. , Sauco M. Álvarez , Vela L. , Cubo E. , Castrillo J. C. Martínez , Alonso P. Sánchez , Losada M. G. Alonso , Ariztegui N. López , Gastón M. I. , Kulisevsky J. , Pagonabarraga J. , Seijo M. , Martínez J. Ruíz , Valero C. , Kurtis M. , Ardura J. González , Prieto C. , Mir P. , Martinez-Martin P. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine the frequency of self-reported sleep problems and their associated factors in a large cohort of PD patients. Methods: PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this cross-sectional study. Sleep problems were assessed by the Spanish version of the Parkinson’s disease Sleep Scale version 1 (PDSS-1). An overall score below 82 or a score below 5 on at least 1 item was defined as sleep problems. Results: The frequency of sleep problems was nearly double in PD patients compared to controls: 65.8% (448/681) vs 33.5% (65/206) (p < 0.0001). Mean total PDSS score was lower in PD patients than controls: 114.9 ± 28.8 vs 132.8 ± 16.3 (p < 0.0001). Quality of life (QoL) was worse in PD patients with sleep problems compared to those without: PDQ-39SI, 19.3 ± 14 vs 13 ± 11.6 (p < 0.0001); EUROHIS-QoL8, 3.7 ± 0.5 vs 3.9 ± 0.5 (p < 0.0001). Non-motor symptoms burden (NMSS; OR = 1.029; 95%CI 1.015–1.043; p < 0.0001) and impulse control behaviors (QUIP-RS; OR = 1.054; 95%CI 1.009–1.101; p = 0.018) were associated with sleep problems after adjustment for age, gender, disease duration, daily equivalent levodopa dose, H&Y, UPDRS-III, UPDRS-IV, PD-CRS, BDI-II, NPI, VAS-Pain, VAFS, FOGQ, and total number of non-antiparkinsonian treatments. Conclusion: Sleep problems were frequent in PD patients and were related to both a worse QoL and a greater non-motor symptoms burden in PD. These findings call for increased awareness of sleep problems in PD patients.
Barriers to Access to Care in Hispanics With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Titus Sharon K. , Kataoka-Yahiro Merle 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major cause of death in the United States. Hispanics living in America suffer disproportionally with diabetes and is the fifth cause of death for them. A systematic review was conducted that highlighted barriers to access to care for Hispanics with T2D during the early years of the Affordable Care Act. Method: PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched (2010-2015) using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. From 84 studies, seven qualitative/mixed methods studies were reviewed based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Barriers were placed into three categories set a priori. Results: All study samples were from different states, representing barriers across the United States. Persistent barriers were self (100%), provider (100%), and environment (71%). Covariates (culture and genetics), individual resources (cost factors, time, and social support), lack of providers or providers specializing in T2D, and environmental factors (lack of diabetes education, nutrition, and exercise programs) were found to affect Hispanics with T2D access to care. Conclusion: Cost factors, time, lack of social support, providers, and relevant programs remain prevalent barriers. As the Hispanic population increases and changes in the health care system are evolving, additional barriers to access to care are likely to emerge and must be explored.
Rates, risks and routes to reduce vascular dementia (R4vad), a UK-wide multicentre prospective observational cohort study of cognition after stroke: Protocol
Authors: Wardlaw Joanna M , Doubal Fergus , Brown Rosalind , Backhouse Ellen , Woodhouse Lisa , Bath Philip , Quinn Terence J , Robinson Thompson , Markus Hugh S , McManus Richard , O’Brien John T , Werring David J , Sprigg Nikola , Parry-Jones Adrian , Touyz Rhian M , Williams Steven , Mah Yee-Haur , Emsley Hedley ,   the R4VaD Investigators
Published: October 2020

Background Stroke commonly affects cognition and, by definition, much vascular dementia follows stroke. However, there are fundamental limitations in our understanding of vascular cognitive impairment, restricting understanding of prevalence, trajectories, mechanisms, prevention, treatment and patient-service needs. Aims Rates, Risks and Routes to Reduce Vascular Dementia (R4VaD) is an observational cohort study of post-stroke cognition. We aim to recruit a wide range of patients with stroke, presenting to geographically diverse UK hospitals, into a longitudinal study to determine rates of, and risk factors for, cognitive and related impairments after stroke, to assess potential mechanisms and improve prediction models. Methods We will recruit at least 2000 patients within six weeks of stroke with or without capacity to consent and collect baseline demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, lifestyle, cognitive, neuropsychiatric and informant data using streamlined patient-centred methods appropriate to the stage after stroke. We will obtain more detailed assessments at four to eight weeks after the baseline assessment and follow-up by phone and post yearly to at least two years. We will assess diagnostic neuroimaging in all and high-sensitivity inflammatory markers, genetics, blood pressure and diffusion tensor imaging in mechanistic sub-studies. Planned outputs: R4VaD will provide reliable data on long-term cognitive function after stroke, stratified by prior cognition, stroke- and patient-related variables and improved risk prediction. It will create a platform enabling sharing of data, imaging and samples. Participants will be consented for re-contact, facilitating future clinical trials and providing a resource for the stroke and dementia research communities.
Long-term effects of mixed planting on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the roots and soils of Juglans mandshurica plantations
Authors: Ji Li , Zhang Yan , Yang Yuchun , Yang Lixue , Yang Na , Zhang Depeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEstablishing mixed plantations is an effective way to improve soil fertility and increase forest productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbiotic fungi that can promote mineral nutrient absorption and regulate intraspecific and interspecific competition in plants. However, the effects of mixed plantations on the community structure and abundance of AM fungi are still unclear. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the AM fungal community in the roots and soils of pure and mixed plantations (Juglans mandshurica×Larix gmelinii). The objective of this study is to compare the differential responses of the root and rhizosphere soil AM fungal communities ofJuglans mandshuricato long-term mixed plantation management.ResultsGlomusandParaglomuswere the dominant genera in the root samples, accounting for more than 80% of the sequences. Compared with that in the pure plantation, the relative abundance ofGlomuswas higher in the mixed plantation.Glomus,DiversisporaandParaglomusaccounted for more than 85% of the sequences in the soil samples. The relative abundances ofDiversisporaand an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes were higher and lower in the pure plantation, respectively. The Root_P samples (the roots in the pure plantation) had the highest number of unique OTUs (operational taxonomic units), which belonged mainly to an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes,Paraglomus,GlomusandAcaulospora. The number of unique OTUs detected in the soil was lower than that in the roots. In both the root and soil samples, the forest type did not have a significant effect on AM fungal diversity, but the Sobs value and the Shannon, Chao1 and Ace indices of AM fungi in the roots were significantly higher than those in the soil.ConclusionsMixed forest management had little effect on the AM fungal community ofJuglans mandshuricaroots and significantly changed the community composition of the soil AM fungi, but not the diversity.
Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomy for uterus weighing ≥1 kg
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Li Junwei , Hua Keqin , Chen Yisong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) applied in gynecology has been developed recent years and been evolving. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effect of the vNOTES hysterectomy for uterus ≥1 kilogram (kg).

Methods
From January 2019 to March 2020, patients with benign indications in cases of uterus weighing ≥1 kg, underwent vNOTES hysterectomy were studied retrospectively. The patients’ demographics, indications for surgery, operation outcomes and follow-up details were recorded.

Results
39 patients were performed vNOTES hysterectomy for large uterus (mean weight 1141.8 gram, range from 1000 to 1720), indications for surgery included bulky uterine myomas or adenomysosis. The mean age was 48 years (range 42–66) and mean BMI was 24 kg/m2 (range 18.4–38). Mean operating time was 123.3 min (rang 40–400) and the mean estimated blood loss was 206.7 milliliters (range 10–1300). The mean pain assessment was 2.1 (range 0–5). The mean length of stay was 2.4 nights (1–11). 1 patient experienced ureteral injury and was performed ureteral anastomosis. 3 patients were converted to vaginal-assisted trans-umbilicus single-port laparoscopy. The learning curve was analyzed to show that 20 cases were needed to achieve proficiency in vNOTES hysterectomy for large uterus ≥1 kg.

Conclusion
Our preliminary experience suggested that vNOTES hysterectomy for large uterus weighing ≥1 kg was feasible and safe, meanwhile this procedure had the advantages of all the minimal invasive approach such as fast recovery and aesthetic advantage.
RNA virus-encoded microRNAs: biogenesis, functions and perspectives on application
Authors: Zhan Shoubin , Wang Yanbo , Chen Xi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and play a crucial role in development and many diseases. The discovery of miRNAs has greatly expanded our understanding of the intricate scenario of genome-wide regulation. Over the last two decades, hundreds of virus-encoded miRNAs have been identified, most of which are from DNA viruses. Although the number of reported RNA virus-derived miRNAs is increasing, current knowledge of their roles in physiological and pathological processes has remained lacking. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis and biological functions of RNA virus- encoded miRNAs and their proposed roles in virus-host interactions and further underscore their potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases.
Accurate prediction of different forecast horizons wind speed using a recursive radial basis function neural network
Authors: Madhiarasan M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnvironmental considerations have prompted the use of renewable energy resources worldwide for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. An accurate prediction of wind speed plays a major role in environmental planning, energy system balancing, wind farm operation and control, power system planning, scheduling, storage capacity optimization, and enhancing system reliability. This paper proposes an accurate prediction of wind speed based ona Recursive Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RRBFNN) possessing the three inputs of wind direction, temperature and wind speed to improve modern power system protection, control and management. Simulation results confirm that the proposed model improves the wind speed prediction accuracy with least error when compared with other existing prediction models.
Severe pneumonia with formation of a pulmonary cavity associated with long-term rituximab therapy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Schwake Carolin , Gold Ralf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNowadays B-cell depletion via anti-CD20 antibodies is commonly applied in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Yet, not much is known about infection risks associated with long-term B-cell depletion in the specific context of MS.We present the case of a 45-year-old male patient who developed severe pneumonia following 6 years of rituximab treatment for highly active relapsing-remitting MS. The patient had no additional chronic disease as well as no history of foreign travel. Although the unusual formation of a pulmonary cavity raised suspicion for tuberculosis, repeated testing via bronchoscopy and sputum remained negative. Prolonged antibiotic therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam and amoxicillin/ clavulanate led to complete recovery from symptoms.This case shows the potential risk of serious infections following continuous B-cell depletion in MS and illustrates the importance of future vigilance.
Benzodiazepines: it's time to return to the evidence
Authors: Silberman Edward , Balon Richard , Starcevic Vladan , Shader Richard , Cosci Fiammetta , Fava Giovanni A. , Nardi Antonio E. , Salzman Carl , Sonino Nicoletta 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe propose that discussions of benzodiazepines in the current psychiatric literature have become negatively biased and have strayed from the scientific evidence base. We advocate returning to the evidence in discussing benzodiazepines and adhering to clear definitions and conceptual rigour in commentary about them.
The Han’gŭl Crisis and Language Standardization: Clashing Orthographic Identities and the Politics of Cultural Construction
Authors: Kim Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The first attempt at spelling reform in South Korea took place in the early 1950s as the Korean War (1950–53) drew to a close. The subsequent Han’gŭl Crisis is often interpreted as an example of the authoritarianism of President Syngman Rhee (Yi Sŭngman), yet the event also represents a clash of generations between the supporters of the Unified Orthography of 1933 and the previous spelling standard. During the han’gŭl simplification debates, the legacies of Chu Sigyŏng (1876–1914) and Pak Sŭngbin (1880–1943) reemerged as their followers continued a contentious linguistic debate that stretched back into the colonial period. The event ended as a victory for the Unified Orthography of 1933, but several ambiguous questions remain for further investigation. Ultimately, behind the claims of “scientific rationalism” in the current han’gŭl spelling are the forgotten memories of linguistic activism and the difficulties in uniting divergent linguistic practices in post-Liberation Korean society.
A Monocationic Zn(II) Acetate Complex of a Chiral Bisamidine Dioxolane Ligand, Naph-diPIM-dioxo-R, for the Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Tridentate α-Substituted α-Imino Esters and Acrylates to Multi-Substituted Prolines: Importance of an n-π* Interaction for High Enantioselectivity
Authors: Kiran Indukuru Naga Chaithanya , Fujita Kazuki , Kobayashi Kazuki , Tanaka Shinji , Kitamura Masato 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A monocationic Zn(II) acetate complex of a C2-chiral bisamidine-type sp2N bidentate ligand (LR) possessing two dioxolane oxygen n orbitals in the reaction site catalyzes, without the use of an external base, a highly efficient asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) of tridentate α-substituted α-imino esters with acrylates, attaining up to &gt;99:1 enantiomeric ratio with perfect regio- and diastereo-selectivities. A catalyst loading of 0.1 mol% is generally acceptable to furnish various chiral multi-substituted prolines. Both (S)-α-imino ester and the R enantiomer show a high level of enantioselectivity. An overall picture of the present 1,3-DC has been revealed via analyses of substrate structure/reactivity/selectivity relationships, NMR, MS, X-ray diffraction, 12C/13C isotope effects, rate law, and kinetics. The first success in the high performance 1,3-DC is ascribed to i) a Brønsted base/Lewis acid synergistic effect of [Zn(OAc)LR]OTf (R cat); ii) the existence of the n orbital, which determines the position of the intermediary N,O-cis-Zn enolate (dipole) by an n-π* non-bonding attractive interaction between the oxygen atom in LR and the C=N moiety of the dipole; and iii) utilization of chelatable α-imino esters capturing Zn(II) as a tridentate ligand. A 12C/13C analysis has clarified that a stepwise 1,3-DC mechanism is operating.
Cellular agriculture in the UK: a review
Authors: Stephens Neil , Ellis Marianne 
Published: October 2020

This review details the core activity in cellular agriculture conducted in the UK at the end of 2019, based upon a literature review by, and community contacts of the authors. Cellular agriculture is an emergent field in which agricultural products—most typically animal-derived agricultural products—are produced through processes operating at the cellular level, as opposed to (typically farm-based) processes operating at the whole organism level. Figurehead example technologies include meat, leather and milk products manufactured from a cellular level. Cellular agriculture can be divided into two forms: ‘tissue-engineering based cellular agriculture’ and ‘fermentation-based cellular agriculture’. Products under development in this category are typically valued for their environmental, ethical, and sometimes health and safety advantages over the animal-derived versions. There are university laboratories actively pursuing research on meat products through cellular agriculture at the universities of Bath, Newcastle, Aberystwyth, and Aston University in Birmingham. A cellular agriculture approach to producing leather is being pursued at the University of Manchester, and work seeking to produce a palm oil substitute is being conducted at the University of Bath. The UK cellular agriculture companies working in the meat space are Higher Steaks, Cellular Agriculture Ltd, CellulaRevolution, Multus Media and Biomimetic Solutions. UK private investors include CPT Capital, Agronomics Ltd, Atomico, Backed VCs, and Breakoff Capital. The UK also has a strong portfolio of social science research into diverse aspects of cellular agriculture, with at least ten separate projects being pursued over the previous decade. Three analyses of the environmental impact of potential cellular agriculture systems have been conducted in the UK. The first dedicated third-sector group in this sector in the UK is Cultivate (who produced this report) followed by Cellular Agriculture UK. International groups New Harvest and the Good Food Institute also have a UK presence.
INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF GRAVITY SETS IN A PRESSURE VOLUMETRIC INFUSION PUMP WITH AN IMPACT ON THE ACCURACY OF INFUSION SOLUTION FLOWS
Authors: Fiedorova Klara , Augustynek Martin , Penhaker Marek 
Published: October 2020

The subject of the work was the experimental verification of the negative influence of gravity sets in a pressure volumetric infusion pump with an impact on the accuracy of infusion solution dosing. The quality criterion for gravity sets was the accuracy of the flow versus the reference set by the volumetric infusion pump. The solution consisted of 14-hour measurements with two types of gravity sets, Intrafix® Primeline sets were used as universal sets and Standardline IS‑103 gravity sets. The insulin pump flow rate was set at 300 ml/h and 50 ml/h, and the actual flow rate of the infusion solution was recorded every hour using a graduated cylinder. Used gravity sets were also processed by mechanical tests, unused sets were subjected to these tests and the obtained data were compared with each other. Experiments carried out showed that at the set flow rate of 300 ml/h, the flow error with the universal set was -3% and at a set flow rate of 50 ml/h the error was +2.3%. Flow accuracy using gravity sets was worse, a flow error of -7.2% was detected for a flow rate of 50 ml/h and a flow error of -7.7% was measured for 300 ml/h. The volumetric pump used declares a tolerated inaccuracy of ± 3% when used with standard infusion sets. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the replacement of set types has an influence on the dosage of infusion solutions.