bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐BP180 autoantibody levels at diagnosis correlate with 1‐year mortality rates in patients with bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Monshi B. , Gulz L. , Piringer B. , Wiala A. , Kivaranovic D. , Schmidt M. , Sesti A. , Heil T. , Vujic I. , Posch C. , Rappersberger K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most frequent autoimmune blistering disease mainly affecting elderly patients. Among several published risk factors, a recent post hoc analysis linked anti‐BP180 autoantibodies (AABs) to fatal outcomes in BP. To date, this finding has not been confirmed independently.ObjectiveTo investigate the potential of anti‐BP180‐AAB levels as a marker of prognosis and to identify a cut‐off level indicative of an increased risk for early death. Secondly, to characterize parameters associated with mortality.MethodsRetrospective, single‐centre study of BP patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2012. Analyses included epidemiological and patient‐ and disease‐specific characteristics as well as immunological parameters at diagnosis and during follow‐up. Standardized mortality ratios as well as uni‐ and multivariate regression analyses were calculated.ResultsOne hundred patients (56 women, 44 men) with a median age of 81 years (interquartile range 74–86) were followed up for a median of 775 days (interquartile range 162–1617). One‐year mortality rates were 25.0% implying a 2.4‐fold increased risk of death compared with the general population. High anti‐BP180 autoantibody levels at diagnosis (CI95 1.30–2.89; P = 0.001), dementia (CI95 1.13–6.72; P =0.03), length of hospitalization (CI951.16–2.41; P = 0.01) and age (CI95 1.23–4.19; P = 0.009) correlated significantly with 1‐year mortality. BP180‐AAB concentrations of ≥61 U/mL characterized a subgroup of patients with a particular higher risk for early death compared with the general population (CI95 1.81–3.81; P < 0.0001).ConclusionIn bullous pemphigoid, serum concentrations of BP180 autoantibodies at diagnosis could help to identify patients at risk for death within the first year after diagnosis (cut‐off value 61 U/mL).
Regulatory peptides and systems biology: A new era of translational and reverse‐translational neuroendocrinology
Authors: Eiden Lee E. , Gundlach Andrew L. , Grinevich Valery , Lee Mary R. , Mecawi André S. , Chen Duan , Buijs Ruud M. , Hernandez Vito S. , Fajardo-Dolci Germán , Zhang Limei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecently, there has been a resurgence in regulatory peptide science as a result of three converging trends. The first is the increasing population of the drug pipeline with peptide‐based therapeutics, mainly in, but not restricted to, incretin‐like molecules for treatment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes. The second is the development of genetic and optogenetic tools enabling new insights into how peptides actually function within brain and peripheral circuits to accomplish homeostatic and allostatic regulation. The third is the explosion in defined structures of the G‐protein coupled receptors to which most regulatory peptides bind and exert their actions. These trends have closely wedded basic systems biology to drug discovery and development, creating a “two‐way street” on which translational advances travel from basic research to the clinic, and, equally importantly, “reverse‐translational” information is gathered, about the molecular, cellular and circuit‐level mechanisms of action of regulatory peptides, comprising information required for the fine‐tuning of drug development through testing in animal models. This review focuses on a small group of ‘influential’ peptides, including oxytocin, vasopressin, pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide, ghrelin, relaxin‐3 and glucagon‐like peptide‐1, and how basic discoveries and their application to therapeutics have intertwined over the past decade.
The role of Candida albicans candidalysin ECE1 gene in oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Engku Nasrullah Satiman Engku Anis Fariha , Ahmad Hasna , Ramzi Ahmad Bazli , Abdul Wahab Ridhwan , Kaderi Mohd Arifin , Wan Harun Wan Himratul Aznita , Dashper Stuart , McCullough Michael , Arzmi Mohd Hafiz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with many known risk factors including tobacco smoking, chronic alcoholism, poor oral hygiene, unhealthy dietary habits and microbial infection. Previous studies have highlighted Candida albicans host tissue infection as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of oral cancer. C albicans invasion induces several cancerous hallmarks, such as activation of proto‐oncogenes, induction of DNA damage and overexpression of inflammatory signalling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these responses remain unclear. A recently discovered fungal toxin peptide, candidalysin, has been reported as an essential molecule in epithelial damage and host recognition of C albicans infection. Candidalysin has a clear role in inflammasome activation and induction of cell damage. Several inflammatory molecules such as IL‐6, IL‐17, NLRP3 and GM‐CSF have been linked to carcinogenesis. Candidalysin is encoded by the ECE1 gene, which has been linked to virulence factors of C albicans such as adhesion, biofilm formation and filamentation properties. This review discusses the recent epidemiological burden of oral cancer and highlights the significance of the ECE1 gene and the ECE1 protein breakdown product, candidalysin in oral malignancy. The immunological and molecular mechanisms behind oral malignancy induced by inflammation and the role of the toxic fungal peptide candidalysin in oral carcinogenesis are explored. With increasing evidence associating C albicans with oral carcinoma, identifying the possible fungal pathogenicity factors including the role of candidalysin can assist in efforts to understand the link between C albicans infection and carcinogenesis, and pave the way for research into therapeutic potentials.
Reduction of intraocular pressure using timolol orally dissolving strips in the treatment of induced primary open-angle glaucoma in rabbits
Authors: El-Feky Yasmin A , Mostafa Dalia A , Al-Sawahli Majid M , El-Telbany Rania Farag A , Zakaria Sherin , Fayez Ahmed M , Ahmed Kawkab A , Alolayan Ebtesam M , El-Telbany Dalia Farag A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
To enhance bioavailability of timolol (TML) and utilize alternatives for traditional eye drops for more patient compliance, this study was aiming to develop biodegradable orally dissolving strips (ODSs) of TML for treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods
Novel ODSs of TML were formulated and optimized using solvent casting method according to full factorial design (31.22). TML ODSs were characterized with respect to many parameters. In-vivo test was carried out using four groups of 24 New Zealand albino rabbits. POAG was induced by subconjunctival treatment of betamethasone. Histopathological examination and oxidative stress markers assay were carried out.

Key findings
The optimized formula (F9) exhibited a remarkably 15-s disintegration time and 96% dissolution rate after 10 min. The results revealed a potent significant inhibitory effect of the optimized TML ODS to reduce IOP in induced rabbits in comparison with control rabbits and TML eye drops-treated rabbits. The formula showed also high activity against oxidative stress and absence of histopathological changes in iridocorneal angle and cornea.

Conclusion
The ODSs could be a promising alternative delivery system for eye drops with more compliance to enhance delivery and therapeutic activity of TML in treatment of POAG.
Implementation of a wound care education project to improve the wound care competency among psychiatric nurses: A quality improvement project and feasibility study
Authors: Pirani Sarah 
Published: March 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Compared to the general population, people with mental illness die several years prematurely. The prevalence of chronic physical illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease is higher in people with mental health illnesses, putting them at increased risk of developing skin wounds.

The majority of the studies on wound care education and management were carried out in acute care and long‐term care settings. A very few addressed the wound care needs for psychiatric patients and the educational needs of nurses in the mental health setting.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This study adds to the existing evidence by offering an evidence‐based solution to equip Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurses (PMHNs) with the necessary knowledge and skills to provide high‐quality wound care to patients.

When a lack of wound care competency has been identified, it may be worth the effort to provide education and training to psychiatric nurses on wound care management.

What are the implications for practice?

This project has the potential benefit of healthcare cost savings, which can be further investigated in a future study, for instance, a pilot randomized controlled trial to estimate the parameters for a full‐trial and cost‐effectiveness study.

Future mental health nursing practice and research need to focus on finding solutions to help support PMHNs improve their competence in caring for physical illnesses.

AbstractIntroductionPeople with mental illnesses are at increased risk of developing skin wounds. A very few studies addressed the wound care needs for psychiatric patients and the educational needs for psychiatric and mental health nurses (PMHNs).AimA wound care education—feasibility and quality improvement project—was implemented to improve wound care competence among nurses on the Seniors' Mental Health Units at a psychiatric hospital.MethodsA total of 36 nurses participated in wound care knowledge education and completed both the pretest and post‐test. Four nurses participated in wound care skills training.ResultsThe post‐intervention mean score increase for wound care knowledge was 5.14 (178%) and for skills was 7(75.7%). The results were statistically significant (p < .001).DiscussionThis study adds to the existing evidence by offering an evidence‐based solution to equip PMHNs with the necessary knowledge and skills to provide high‐quality wound care to patients.Implications for Practice and ResearchFuture mental health nursing practice and research need to focus on finding evidence‐based practical solutions to help support PMHNs improve their ability to care for physical illnesses. A future pilot randomized controlled trial will be needed to estimate the parameters for a full‐trial and cost‐effectiveness study.
Lycopene supplementation regulates the gene expression profile and fat metabolism of breeding hens
Authors: Tian Hanchen , Liu Guangbin , Guo Yongqing , Li Yaokun , Deng Ming , Liu Dewu , Sun Baoli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of lycopene on the gene expression profile and expression of genes related to fat metabolism of Xinghua breeding hens. Seven hundred and twenty healthy breeding hens were randomly assigned to four treatments; each treatment was replicated six times with 30 hens each. Broken rice and soybean meal were adopted for the basal diet and added with 0 (control group), 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg lycopene respectively. Gene expression profile of the liver induced by lycopene and expression of genes related to fat metabolism in hens liver and intestine were analysed after 42‐day feeding trial including 7‐day pre‐feeding period and 35‐day formal period. The genes involved in fat metabolism were analysed, and we found that lycopene significantly increased the expression of PGC1α, PPARα, RXRα and RARα in the liver, PPARγ, RXRα and RXRγ in the jejunum, and RARα in the duodenum (p < .05); reduced the expression of FABP1 and FABP10 in the liver, and FATP4 in the jejunum (p < .05). By analysing gene expression profile, 158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 69 up‐regulated genes and 89 down‐regulated genes were obtained between control group and 40 mg/kg group. KEGG pathway analysis was performed on all DEGs, and 5 pathways were obtained. In conclusion, lycopene can affect the expression of related genes, and this may be one of the reasons that lycopene can regulate fat metabolism.
Advanced glycation end‐products increase lipocalin 2 expression in human oral epithelial cells
Authors: Kido Rie , Hiroshima Yuka , Kido Jun‐ichi , Ikuta Takahisa , Sakamoto Eijiro , Inagaki Yuji , Naruishi Koji , Yumoto Hiromichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesDiabetes mellitus (DM), a risk factor of periodontal diseases, exacerbates the pathological condition of periodontitis. A major factor for DM complications is advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) that accumulate in periodontal tissues and cause inflammatory events. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is an antimicrobial peptide and inflammation‐related factor, and LCN2 levels increase in DM. In this study, the effects of AGEs and lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P g‐LPS) on LCN2 expression in human oral epithelial cells (TR146 cells) and the role of secreted LCN2 in periodontitis with DM were investigated.Material and methodsTR146 cells were cultured with AGEs (AGE2) and control BSA and cell viability was estimated, or with P g‐LPS. Conditioned medium and cell lysates were prepared from cultures of epithelial cells and used for Western blotting and ELISA to analyze LCN2, RAGE, IL‐6, MAPK, and NF‐κB. RNA was isolated from AGE‐treated TR146 cells and differentiated HL‐60 (D‐HL‐60) cells and used for quantitative real‐time PCR to examine the expression of LCN2 and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) mRNAs. RAGE‐ and LCN2‐siRNAs (siRAGE, siLCN2) were transfected into epithelial cells, and AGE‐induced LCN2 expression was investigated. D‐HL‐60 cells were co‐cultured with TR146 cells that were transfected with siLCN2 and treated with AGEs, and IL‐6 mRNA expression in D‐HL‐60 cells and cell migration was investigated.ResultsAGEs increased the expression levels of LCN2 and IL‐6 in oral epithelial cells. siRAGE and a neutralizing antibody for RAGE inhibited AGE‐induced LCN2 expression. AGEs stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and NF‐κB in epithelial cells, and their inhibitors suppressed AGE‐induced LCN2 expression. In contrast, P g‐LPS did not show a significant increase in LCN2 level in TR146 cells that expressed Toll‐like receptor 2. In co‐culture experiments, AGE‐induced LCN2 inhibited IL‐6 mRNA expression in D‐HL‐60 cells, and LCN2 knockdown in epithelial cells suppressed HL‐60 cell migration.ConclusionThese results suggested that AGEs increase LCN2 expression via RAGE, MAPK, and NF‐κB signaling pathways in oral epithelial cells, and secreted LCN2 may influence the pathological condition of periodontitis with DM.
Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of tamoxifen‐related non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Bora , Jung Eun‐Ae , Yoo Jeong‐Ju , Kim Sang Gyune , Lee Cheon‐Beom , Kim Young Seok , Jeong Soung Won , Jang Jae Young , Lee Sae Hwan , Kim Hong Soo , Jun Baek Gyu , Kim Young Don , Cheon Gab Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsTamoxifen is associated with an increased risk of developing fatty liver. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of fatty liver developed after tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, OVID Medline, the Cochrane Library and other databases was performed for this review. The abstracts obtained from the search were reviewed by two investigators who chose manuscripts for full‐text review. The event rates were calculated with a random‐effects model and quality‐effects model.ResultsThe search yielded 165 references. Of these, 24 were included in the quantitative summary. We analysed the data of a total of 6,962 patients treated with tamoxifen and 975 patients not treated with tamoxifen. The prevalence of fatty liver among patients with breast cancer taking tamoxifen was 40.25 per 100 patients and the incidence rate was 12.37 per 100 person‐years. The incidence of fatty liver was much higher in the tamoxifen group than in the control group [incidence rate ratio: 3.12, 95% CI (confidence interval): 2.05‐4.75, I2 = 61%], regardless of region. The main risk factors were body mass index (BMI) [hazard ratio (HR): 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09‐1.22] and hypercholesterolaemia (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00‐1.02).ConclusionThe use of tamoxifen was associated with increased risks in the incidence and prevalence of fatty liver, especially in patients with high BMI and hypercholesterolaemia.
Psychological safety in feedback: What does it look like and how can educators work with learners to foster it?
Authors: Johnson Christina E. , Keating Jennifer L. , Molloy Elizabeth K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContextFeedback conversations play a central role in health professions workplace learning. However, learners face a dilemma: if they engage in productive learning behaviours (such as asking questions, raising difficulties, offering opinions or contesting ideas), they risk exposing their limitations or offending the educator. This highlights the importance of psychological safety in encouraging learners to candidly engage in interactive dialogue and the co‐construction of knowledge. Previous research has recommended that building safety, trust or an educational alliance is key to productive feedback encounters. Yet it is unclear how to translate this into practice. Hence our research question was: What does psychological safety look like in workplace feedback and how can educators work with learners to foster it?MethodsWe analysed 36 videos of routine formal feedback episodes in clinical practice involving diverse health professionals. A psychologically safe learning environment was inferred when learners progressively disclosed information and engaged in productive learning behaviours during the conversation. We used thematic analysis to identify associated educator strategies, which seemed to promote psychological safety.ResultsFour themes were identified: (a) setting the scene for dialogue and candour; (b) educator as ally; (c) a continuing improvement orientation, and (d) encouraging interactive dialogue. Educators approaches captured within these themes, seemed to foster a psychologically safe environment by conveying a focus on learning, and demonstrating respect and support to learners.ConclusionsThis study builds on claims regarding the importance of psychological safety in feedback by clarifying what psychological safety in workplace feedback conversations might look like and identifying associated educator approaches. The results may offer educators practical ways they could work with learners to encourage candid dialogue focused on improving performance.
Hybrid physics‐based modeling and data‐driven method for diagnostics of masonry structures
Authors: Napolitano Rebecca , Glisic Branko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBefore implementing monitoring systems or reinforcements on a historic structure, it is essential to understand how crack patterns may have originated and how they affect the stability of the structure. Previous methods combining photogrammetry with physics‐based modeling have been successful in diagnosing the cause of crack formation. However, a limitation of existing methods is the manual comparison process to ascertain damage origins. This research outlines a method combining physics‐based modeling and data‐driven approaches to automate diagnostics for existing masonry structures. This method was shown to quantitatively reproduce the cause of damage for complex, 3D structures and was validated against a laboratory‐scale experimental masonry wall. The newly automated procedure increases throughput by 105 times compared to our prior method, allowing for the testing of orders of magnitude more hypotheses than were previously possible. Although the approach is demonstrated here for settlement‐induced cracking, it has important implications for the broader topic of data‐driven masonry diagnostics.
Lateral Leaflet Suppression 1 (LLS1), encoding the MtYUCCA1 protein, regulates lateral leaflet development in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Zhao Baolin , He Liangliang , Jiang Chuan , Liu Ye , He Hua , Bai Quanzi , Zhou Shaoli , Zheng Xiaoling , Wen Jiangqi , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Tadege Million , Liu Yu , Liu Renyi , Chen Jianghua 
Published: March 2020

Summary

In species with compound leaves, the positions of leaflet primordium initiation are associated with local peaks of auxin accumulation. However, the role of auxin during the late developmental stages and outgrowth of compound leaves remains largely unknown.

Using genome resequencing approaches, we identified insertion sites at four alleles of the LATERAL LEAFLET SUPPRESSION1 (LLS1) gene, encoding the auxin biosynthetic enzyme YUCCA1 in Medicago truncatula.

Linkage analysis and complementation tests showed that the lls1 mutant phenotypes were caused by the Tnt1 insertions that disrupted the LLS1 gene. The transcripts of LLS1 can be detected in primordia at early stages of leaf initiation and later in the basal regions of leaflets, and finally in vein tissues at late leaf developmental stages. Vein numbers and auxin content are reduced in the lls1‐1 mutant. Analysis of the lls1 sgl1 and lls1 palm1 double mutants revealed that SGL1 is epistatic to LLS1, and LLS1 works with PALM1 in an independent pathway to regulate the growth of lateral leaflets.

Our work demonstrates that the YUCCA1/YUCCA4 subgroup plays very important roles in the outgrowth of lateral leaflets during compound leaf development of M. truncatula, in addition to leaf venation.
Differences in grapevine rootstock sensitivity and recovery from drought are linked to fine root cortical lacunae and root tip function
Authors: Cuneo Italo F. , Barrios‐Masias Felipe , Knipfer Thorsten , Uretsky Jake , Reyes Clarissa , Lenain Pierre , Brodersen Craig R. , Walker M. Andrew , McElrone Andrew J. 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Structural changes during severe drought stress greatly modify the hydraulic properties of fine roots. Yet, the physiological basis behind the restoration of fine root water uptake capacity during water recovery remains unknown.

Using neutron radiography (NR), X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), fluorescence microscopy, and fine root hydraulic conductivity measurements (Lpr), we examined how drought‐induced changes in anatomy and hydraulic properties of contrasting grapevine rootstocks are coupled with fine root growth dynamics during drought and return of soil moisture.

Lacunae formation in drought‐stressed fine roots was associated with a significant decrease in fine root Lpr for both rootstocks. However, lacunae formation occurred under milder stress in the drought‐resistant rootstock, 110R. Suberin was deposited at an earlier developmental stage in fine roots of 101‐14Mgt (i.e. drought susceptible), probably limiting cortical lacunae formation during mild stress. During recovery, we found that only 110R fine roots showed rapid re‐establishment of elongation and water uptake capacity and we found that soil water status surrounding root tips differed between rootstocks as imaged with NR.

These data suggest that drought resistance in grapevine rootstocks is associated with rapid re‐establishment of growth and Lpr near the root tip upon re‐watering by limiting competing sites along the root cylinder.