bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission dynamics: Data sharing in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Foraker Randi E. , Lai Albert M. , Kannampallil Thomas G. , Woeltje Keith F. , Trolard Anne M. , Payne Philip R. O. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProblemThe current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic underscores the need for building and sustaining public health data infrastructure to support a rapid local, regional, national, and international response. Despite a historical context of public health crises, data sharing agreements and transactional standards do not uniformly exist between institutions which hamper a foundational infrastructure to meet data sharing and integration needs for the advancement of public health.ApproachThere is a growing need to apply population health knowledge with technological solutions to data transfer, integration, and reasoning, to improve health in a broader learning health system ecosystem. To achieve this, data must be combined from healthcare provider organizations, public health departments, and other settings. Public health entities are in a unique position to consume these data, however, most do not yet have the infrastructure required to integrate data sources and apply computable knowledge to combat this pandemic.OutcomesHerein, we describe lessons learned and a framework to address these needs, which focus on: (a) identifying and filling technology “gaps”; (b) pursuing collaborative design of data sharing requirements and transmission mechanisms; (c) facilitating cross‐domain discussions involving legal and research compliance; and (d) establishing or participating in multi‐institutional convening or coordinating activities.Next stepsWhile by no means a comprehensive evaluation of such issues, we envision that many of our experiences are universal. We hope those elucidated can serve as the catalyst for a robust community‐wide dialogue on what steps can and should be taken to ensure that our regional and national health care systems can truly learn, in a rapid manner, so as to respond to this and future emergent public health crises.
Tunable Control of the Hydrophilicity and Wettability of Conjugated Polymers by a Postpolymerization Modification Approach
Authors: Cong Shengyu , Creamer Adam , Fei Zhuping , Hillman Sam A. J. , Rapley Charlotte , Nelson Jenny , Heeney Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA facile method to prepare hydrophilic polymers by a postpolymerization nucleophillic aromatic substitution reaction of fluoride on an emissive conjugated polymer (CP) backbone is reported. Quantitative functionalization by a series of monofunctionalized ethylene glycol oligomers, from dimer to hexamer, as well as with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol is demonstrated. The length of the ethylene glycol sidechains is shown to have a direct impact on the surface wettability of the polymer, as well as its solubility in polar solvents. However, the energetics and band gap of the CPs remain essentially constant. This method therefore allows an easy way to modulate the wettability and solubility of CP materials for a diverse series of applications.
A Critical Review of White Matter Changes in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Casella Chiara , Lipp Ilona , Rosser Anne , Jones Derek K , Metzler‐Baddeley Claudia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuntington’s disease is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder. White matter alterations have recently been identified as a relevant pathophysiological feature of Huntington’s disease, but their etiology and role in disease pathogenesis and progression remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that white matter changes in this disorder are attributed to alterations in myelin‐associated biological processes. This review first discusses evidence from neurochemical studies lending support to the demyelination hypothesis of Huntington’s disease, demonstrating aberrant myelination and changes in oligodendrocytes in the Huntington’s brain. Next, evidence from neuroimaging studies is reviewed, the limitations of the described methodologies are discussed, and suggested interpretations of findings from published studies are challenged. Although our understanding of Huntington’s associated pathological changes in the brain will increasingly rely on neuroimaging techniques, the shortcomings of these methodologies must not be forgotten. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging techniques and tissue modeling will enable a better in vivo, longitudinal characterization of the biological properties of white matter microstructure. This in turn will facilitate identification of disease‐related biomarkers and the specification of outcome measures in clinical trials. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Novel biallelic variants in COL7A1 cause recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Yang Neng , Ma Yongyi , Yao Hong , Chang Qing , Zhang Victor , Liang Zhiqing , Cai Xiongwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is an incurable and severe inherited skin disorder characterized by recurrent blistering at the sublamina densa beneath the cutaneous basement membrane. It is caused by biallelic loss‐of‐function mutation in the gene encoding type VII collagen (COL7A1). This study aimed to identify the causative variants of a Chinese RDEB patient and further provide prenatal diagnosis for the ongoing risk pregnancy of the proband's mother.MethodsClinical exome sequencing (CES) has been performed and an in‐house pipeline was used to conduct a phenotype‐driven data analysis. A minigene assay was used to verify the pathogenicity of a novel splice site variant in the COL7A1.ResultsHere we report two compound heterozygous variants in COL7A1, c.3867delT (p.G1290Efs*35) and c.5532+4_5532+5delAG, identified in a RDEB patient by CES. The minigene assay confirmed that thec.5532+4_5532+5delAGchange was a noncanonic splice site variant leading to in an in‐frame deletion of exon 64. Prenatal diagnosis indicated that the present pregnancy of the patient's mother was not affected.ConclusionOur study expands the mutation spectrum of COL7A1 and demonstrated that CES and minigene assays were efficient tools for RDEB molecular diagnoses.
Combining the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap with the superficial inferior epigastric artery flap or the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap for coverage of large soft tissue defects in the extremities and the trunk
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Hayashi Akitatsu , Karakawa Ryo , Yano Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap cannot be used for coverage of large defects. We introduce a novel flap design to overcome the SCIP flap's size limitation.MethodsData of patients who underwent coverage of defects exceeding 113 cm2 (12 × 12 cm) using combined flaps composed of an SCIP flap and either a superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap or a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap from September 2015 to September 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. After elevation of the SCIP flap, the SIEA was dissected. If the diameter of the SIEA was smaller than 0.5 mm, a DIEP included in the flap design was identified. For minimal donor site morbidity, the DIEP dissection was limited to its takeoff point from the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA), and a small T‐portion of the DIEA was harvested.ResultsSix patients met inclusion criteria. The average defect size was 18.5 ± 2.3 × 15.7 ± 3.7 cm, and all defects were sufficiently covered. The mean dimensions of the SCIP flap, the SIEA flap, and the DIEP flap were 18.5 ± 2.5 × 7.5 ± 1.0 cm, 15.5 ± 2.1 × 6.6 ± 1.6 cm, and 17.5 ± 2.1 × 6.5 ± 0.7 cm, respectively. All flaps survived completely with no healing complications, and no donor site complications were observed. The SCIP flap was combined with the SIEA flap in four cases and with the DIEP flap in two cases. The average follow‐up period was 12.7 ± 6.7 months. The final outcome was satisfactory in all cases.ConclusionLarge defects (up to 20 × 20 cm) can be covered with minimal donor site morbidity, with primary closure, by combining either the SIEA or the DIEP flap with the SCIP flap.
Age‐dependent dose calculations for common PET radionuclides and brain radiotracers in nonhuman primate computational models
Authors: Xie Tianwu , Chen Xin , Zaidi Habib 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe combination of nonhuman primates (NHPs) with the state‐of‐the‐art molecular imaging technologies allows for within‐subject longitudinal research aiming at gaining new insights into human normal and disease conditions and provides an ideal foundation for future translational studies of new diagnostic tools, medical interventions, and therapies. However, radiation dose estimations for nonhuman primates from molecular imaging probes are lacking and are difficult to perform experimentally. The aim of this work is to construct age‐dependent NHP computational model series to estimate the absorbed dose to NHP specimens in common molecular imaging procedures.Materials and methodsA series of NHP models from baby to adult were constructed based on nonuniform rational B‐spline surface (NURBS) representations. Particle transport was simulated using Monte Carlo calculations to estimate S‐values from nine positron‐emitting radionuclides and absorbed doses from PET radiotracers.ResultsRealistic age‐dependent NHP computational model series were developed. For most source‐target pairs in computational NHP models, differences between C‐11 S‐values were between −13.4% and −8.8%/kg difference in body weight while differences between F‐18 S‐values were between −12.9% and −8.0%/kg difference in body weight. The absorbed doses of 11C‐labeled brain receptor substances, 18F‐labeled brain receptor substances, and 18F‐FDG in the brain ranged within 0.047–0.32 mGy/MBq, 0.25–1.63 mGy/MBq, and 0.32–2.12 mGy/MBq, respectively.ConclusionThe absorbed doses to organs are significantly higher in the baby NHP model than in the adult model. These results can be used in translational longitudinal studies to estimate the cumulated absorbed organ doses in NHPs at various ages.
Silence of the Innocents: Undocumented Immigrants’ Underreporting of Crime and their Victimization
Authors: Comino Stefano , Mastrobuoni Giovanni , Nicolò Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDo undocumented migrants underreport crimes to the police in order to avoid being deported? And do criminals exploit such vulnerability? We address these questions using victimization surveys and administrative data around the 1986 U.S. immigration amnesty. The amnesty allows us to solve two major identification issues that have plagued this literature: migrants’ legal status is endogenous and unobserved.The results show that the reporting rate of undocumented immigrants is 17 percent, which limits the immigrants’ ability to protect some of their fundamental human rights. However, right after the 1986 amnesty, which disproportionately legalized individuals of Hispanic origin, crime victims of Hispanic origin show enormous improvements in reporting behavior. The implied increase in the reporting rate by amnesty applicants is close to 20 percentage points.
A level set method for simulating wrinkling of extruded viscoelastic sheets
Authors: Kabanemi Kalonji K. , Marcotte Jean‐Philippe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen a polymer is extruded freely from a rectangular die of large cross‐sectional aspect ratio, wrinkles are observed. While not present in extruded Newtonian materials, such wrinkles develop in extruded viscoelastic sheets and are understood as an elastic stress‐driven instability. The present study is devoted in developing a transient finite element method, which combines the matrix‐logarithm‐based formulation of the conformation tensor and the single‐phase level set method, for simulating wrinkles that form during sheet extrusion of viscoelastic fluids. Numerical analyses of sheet extrusion were conducted over a wide range of flow rate and width‐to‐thickness ratio of the die exit cross section, χ, to determine critical conditions for the onset of wrinkling of extruded sheets. For large aspect ratios, that is, χ >> 1, wrinkles develop at moderate extrusion flow rate, corresponding to a Weissenberg number of about 29. Calculations based on Rayleigh's energy method show that the critical compressive stress, σc, for the onset of wrinkling of an elastic sheet scales like σc~1/χ2, with a significant drop for χ >> 1. As next to the die exit lip, compressive normal stresses are induced in the extruded sheet, wrinkling will take place for large χ (σc being small), in accordance with numerical predictions.
Thermomechanical properties of poly(1‐butene) synthesized by Ziegler–Natta catalyzed polymerization of 1‐butene in the presence of nucleating agents
Authors: Cui Xiaopeng , Li Chuang , Gu Gaosheng , Gong Yanfeng , Liu Binyuan , Kim Il 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIsotactic poly(1‐butene)s (iPBs) were synthesized via bulk polymerization of 1‐butene in the presence of a series of nucleating agents (NAs). The effects of the NAs on the polymerization, crystallization and mechanical properties of the resultant iPBs were systematically investigated. Both α‐ and β‐NAs effectively improve the impact resistance of iPB. Specifically, the addition of β‐NAs increases the molecular weight, tensile strength, elastic and flexural moduli of iPB without affecting catalytic activity during polymerization, while the α‐NAs have no affirmative effect on improving the tensile strength and elastic modulus of iPB. The β‐NAs also accelerate the crystal transition rate of iPB from form II to form I. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Copper film deposition using a helium dielectric barrier discharge jet
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Chan , Mcintyre Katelyn , Burnette Matthew , Staack David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates that plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition of copper films can be achieved in ambient air and at low temperature. A helium dielectric barrier discharge jet with a small mixture of hydrogen and copper(II) acetylacetonate vapor is utilized as the nonthermal plasma source to deposit conductive copper films with low electrical resistivity (<1 × 10−7 Ω·m). The deposited film appears to have three distinct regions (reddish brown, dark blue, and yellowish) from center to edge. Copper nanograins (~50 nm) are observed in both the reddish‐brown and the dark‐blue regions, whereas the yellowish region exhibits a continuous structure containing copper oxide. The copper films are further deposited on various temperature‐sensitive substrates, including plastic, cardboard, agar, and pork skin.
Resveratrol inhibits the tumor migration and invasion by upregulating TET1 and reducing TIMP2/3 methylation in prostate carcinoma cells
Authors: Wang Kai , Chen Zhen , Shi Jian , Feng Yuehua , Yu Miaomei , Sun Yangyang , Zhuang Qianfeng , Liang Bin , Luo Guanghua , Xu Xianlin , Fan Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, resveratrol (Res) has been suggested to suppress the migration and invasion of prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Res on genomic DNA methylation, as well as the migration and invasion of PCa cells.MethodsThe suppression by Res of the growth of PCa cells was verified through a cytotoxicity assay. In addition, the effects of Res on 5‐methylcytosine (5mC), 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and ten‐eleven translocation 1 (TET1) levels were assessed, and the cell migration and invasion were also determined. The expressions of TET1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) 2, TIMP3, MMP2, and MMP9 were detected through Western blot analysis. Afterward, TET1 was silenced using lentiviral short hairpin RNA to examine the effect of TET1 on the Res‐triggered inhibition of migration and invasion of PCa cells.ResultsOur results showed that Res upregulated the 5hmC and TET1 levels and downregulated the 5mC level. Moreover, Res also inhibited the migration and invasion of PCa cells, promoted the demethylation of TIMP2 and TIMP3 to upregulate their expressions, and suppressed the expressions of MMP2 and MMP9. The silencing of TET1 in the presence of Res showed that Res could exert its effect through TET1.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that Res inhibited the migration and invasion of PCa cells via the TET1/TIMP2/TIMP3 pathway, which might potentially serve as a target for the treatment of PCa.
Inertia‐free saturated output feedback attitude stabilization for uncertain spacecraft
Authors: Liu Chuang , Shi Keke , Yue Xiaokui , Sun Zhaowei 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this article, the problem of robust output feedback attitude stabilization control for a class of uncertain spacecraft is investigated, which contains external disturbances, model parameter uncertainty, unknown and uncertain inertia, controller's gain perturbations, measurement errors, and input saturation. The aim of this work is to design a dynamic output feedback controller such that the closed‐loop attitude system is stabilized, while the H∞ norm of the transfer function from the lumped disturbance and measurement error to output is ensured to be less than a pre‐specified disturbance attenuation level, and the actual control input is confined into a certain range simultaneously. Based on the Lyapunov theory, the existence conditions of such controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. It is worth mentioning that the controller's additive and multiplicative perturbations are accounted for respectively. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed control design method.
Magnetic targeting increases mesenchymal stromal cell retention in lungs and enhances beneficial effects on pulmonary damage in experimental silicosis
Authors: Silva Luisa H. A. , Silva Mariana C. , Vieira Juliana B. , Lima Emilia C. D. , Silva Renata C. , Weiss Daniel J. , Morales Marcelo M. , Cruz Fernanda F. , Rocco Patricia R. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Silicosis is a pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled crystalline silica microparticles, which trigger inflammatory responses and granuloma formation in pulmonary parenchyma, thus affecting lung function. Although systemic administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) ameliorates lung inflammation and attenuates fibrosis in experimental silicosis, it does not reverse collagen deposition and granuloma formation. In an attempt to improve the beneficial effects of MSCs, magnetic targeting (MT) has arisen as a potential means of prolonging MSC retention in the lungs. In this study, MSCs were incubated with magnetic nanoparticles and magnets were used for in vitro guidance of these magnetized MSCs and to enhance their retention in the lungs in vivo. In vitro assays indicated that MT improved MSC transmigration and expression of chemokine receptors. In vivo, animals implanted with magnets for 48 hours had significantly more magnetized MSCs in the lungs, suggesting improved MSC retention. Seven days after magnet removal, silicotic animals treated with magnetized MSCs and magnets showed significant reductions in static lung elastance, resistive pressure, and granuloma area. In conclusion, MT is a viable technique to prolong MSC retention in the lungs, enhancing their beneficial effects on experimentally induced silicosis. MT may be a promising strategy for enhancing MSC therapies for chronic lung diseases.
Hyperbaric oxygen ameliorates cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Chen Jianwen , Zhang Feng , Zhao Li , Cheng Cheng , Zhong Rujia , Dong Chunbo , Le Weidong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionIt has been reported that environmental factors such as hypoxia could contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therapeutics like hyperbaric oxygen treatment, which improves tissue oxygen supply and ameliorates hypoxic conditions in the brain, may be an alternative therapy for AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The present work aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for AD and aMCI.MethodsWe recruited 42 AD, 11 aMCI, and 30 control AD patients in this study. AD and aMCI patients were treated with 40 minutes of hyperbaric oxygen once a day for 20 days and assessed by neuropsychiatric assessments including Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale before and at 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month follow‐up after treatment. Control AD patients who were not given hyperbaric oxygen treatment had similar clinical profile as hyperbaric oxygen treated AD. We examined 10 of the AD/aMCI patients with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.ResultsIn self‐comparison study, one course of hyperbaric oxygen treatment significantly improved the cognitive function assessed by MMSE and MoCA in AD patients after 1‐month follow‐up; such treatment also significantly improved MMSE score at 3‐month follow‐up and MoCA score at 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up in aMCI patients. The ADL scale was significantly improved in AD patients after 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up. Compared to the control AD patients, the MMSE and MoCA in hyperbaric oxygen treated AD patients were significantly improved after 1‐month follow‐up. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment also ameliorated the reduced brain glucose metabolism in some of the AD and aMCI patients.ConclusionBased on previous studies and our recent findings, we propose that hyperbaric oxygen treatment may be a promising alternative therapy for AD and aMCI.
Parallel computing with R: A brief review
Authors: Eddelbuettel Dirk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParallel computing has established itself as another standard method for applied research and data analysis. The R system, being internally constrained to mostly singly‐threaded operations, can nevertheless be used along with different parallel computing approaches. This brief review covers OpenMP and Intel TBB at the CPU‐ and compiler level, moves to process‐parallel approaches before discussing message‐passing parallelism and big data technologies for parallel processing such as Spark, Docker and Kubernetes before concluding with a focus on the future package integrating many of these approaches.This article is categorized under:Algorithms and Computational Methods > Methods for High Performance ComputingSoftware for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical SoftwareSoftware for Computational Statistics > High Performance Software
A Method to Correct the Raw Doppler Observations for GNSS Velocity Determination
Authors: He Kaifei , Xu Tianhe , Förste Christoph , Wang Zhenjie , Zhao Qiang , Wei Yongseng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the application of GNSS in the velocity determination, it is often the case that some GNSS receivers give an opposite sign for the raw Doppler observations which do not correspond to the real Doppler shift. This is caused by different methods of the GNSS signal processing in different GNSS receivers. If the velocities of kinematic platforms are calculated by using raw Doppler observations from the GNSS receiver directly, the directions of the estimated velocities may be reversed, and the value of the velocity is wrong with respect to the actual movement. This would lead to incorrect results, and unacceptable for research and applications. To overcome this problem, a new method of sign correction for raw Doppler observations is proposed in this study. This algorithm constructs a correction function based on the GNSS carrier-phase-derived Doppler observations. To test this approach, GNSS data of GEOHALO airborne gravimetric missions have been used. The results show that the proposed method, which is straightforward and practical, can produce the correct velocity for a kinematic platform in any case, independent of the internal hardware structure and the specific way of the signal processing of the GNSS receivers in question.