bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Interfacing of Partially Reconfigurable Instruction Set Extensions for Softcore CPUs on FPGAs
Authors: Koch Dirk , Beckhoff Christian , Torresen Jim 
Published: December 2020

Swapping just small fractions of the configuration of an FPGA can be very beneficial in many applications. This is in particular useful for reconfiguring the instruction set of embedded soft core processors. In this paper, we will sketch that present design techniques include a substantial overhead for integrating reconfigurable parts into the rest of the system. This overhead can cost more logic resources than the actual module implementations. For removing this overhead, we propose a novel technique to constrain the communication resources between the static system and the partial regions.We will demonstrate for a reconfigurable soft core processor that instructions can be integrated into the system without causing any additional logic overhead for the communication. In addition, we reveal how such systems can be easily implemented with our tool ReCoBus-Builder. Furthermore, we will analyze the overhead in terms of reconfiguration time and present a metric helping to take design decisions.
Oscillation Amplitude Analysis of MOS Hartley Oscillator Using a General Model
Authors: Ardali Sadegh Raiessi , Samani Sajad Ghatreh , Arzanifar Babak 
Published: December 2020

New analytical equations for amplitude analysis of MOS Hartley oscillator are presented. Using exact large-signal circuit analysis, analytical equations for estimating the amplitude of Hartley oscillator are derived that considers all operation regions of transistor; including saturation, triode and cutoff. The analysis is based on a reasonable estimation for the output waveform. The estimated waveform should satisfy the nonlinear differential equations describing the circuit. Using this novel point, we can simply find the unknown parameters of the waveform, especially amplitude. The validity of the resulted equations is verified through simulations using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. The amplitude calculated from this approach has a very good agreement with simulation for a large range of circuit parameters.
Analog Performance of SOI nMuGFETs with Different TiN Gate Electrode Thickness and High-k Dielectrics
Authors: Galeti Milene , Rodrigues Michele , Collaert Nadine , Simoen Eddy , Claeys Cor , Martino João Antonio 
Published: December 2020

This work presents an analysis of the analog performance of SOI MuGFET devices and the impact of different TiN metal gate electrode thickness.Thinner TiN metal gate allows achieving large gain and this effect can be attributed to the increased Early voltage values observed for thinner TiN metal gate. This VEA increase suggests an increase of the transversal electrical field for thin TiN metal gate (reduced gate oxide thickness) that is confirmed with the increment of the GIDL current.This impact on the voltage gain is maintained for short channel length.The impact of different gate dielectrics was also studied where high-k dielectric indicated a higher VT due to a VFB variation. Additionally, lower intrinsic voltage gain was observed for hafnium dielectric and this can be related to the lower Early voltage (VEA) present in this devices.
Formation of Oriented Fibers Using Injection of PEO Solutions inside Electric Fields Defined by Two Parallel Suspended Electrodes
Authors: Furlan Rogerio , Rosado Joel A. M. , Da Silva Ana Neilde Rodrigues 
Published: December 2020

Formation of oriented fibers using injection of polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions inside electric fields defined by two parallel suspended electrodes is investigated. Images of streams formed with the injection of a large amount of polymeric solution reveal good agreement with electric field distributions obtained with numerical simulation (COMSOL Multiphysics) when appropriate boundary conditions are defined. Oriented fibers with diameters in the range of hundreds of nanometers to micrometers result connected between electrodes (separated by several centimeters) and can be easily collected/transferred keeping their orientation. Fibers with this characteristic find applications in topics such as tissue and sensors engineering. Also, the fibers are flexible and can be shaped with the stylus of a profilometer.
A VLSI Design for the LTE Turbo Decoder
Authors: Souza Ilan Schnitman , Dos Reis V. T. 
Published: December 2020

Due to the need of high performance, new wireless telecommunications standards such asWIMAX and LTE are using turbo-codes as a forward error correction (FEC) choice.This design targets either a self-contained IP (Intellectual Property) or integration into the physical layer project. This work presents all steps for the implementation of an LTE standard turbo decoder: from algorithm modeling in high level programming language to architecture using a sliding window approach seeking throughput needed, getting into physical implementation at TSMC 65nm. Each aspect of the specification and performance were analyzed in their proper stages.
New Motion Estimation Algorithms and its VLSI architectures for Real Time High Definition Video Coding
Authors: Sanchez Gustavo , Porto Marcelo , Noble Diego , Bampi Sergio , Agostini Luciano 
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an efficient hardware design using the new Motion Estimation (ME) algorithms named: Multi-point Diamond Search (MPDS) and Dynamic Multi-Point Diamond Search (DMPDS). These algorithms are more efficient to avoid from local minima falls than traditional fast algorithms.This fact contributes to increase the quality of the motion vectors, especially in High Definition (HD) videos, were the number of local minima are considerable higher. Two versions of MPDS algorithm were proposed. The first one, focused on high performance, is capable to process videos QFHD at 30 frames per second when synthesized to Altera Stratix 4 and 90nm TSCM, with only 18mW. The second version is focused on quality enhancement and is capable to process HD 1080p videos in real time. The DMPDS architecture has been developed focusing on high performance and was synthesized to Altera stratix 4. This architecture is capable to process videos QFHD at 34 frames per second. In comparison to related works, our solutions obtained the highest processing rates, and a good trade-off among power consumption, area, memory bits and performance.
HdSC: A Fast and Preemptive Modeling for on Host HdS Development
Authors: Prado Bruno , Barros Edna , Figueredo Thiago , Aziz André 
Published: December 2020

In modern embedded systems, the Hardware-dependent Software (HdS) plays a critical role due to its processor and platform dependency, such as device drivers and boot initialization. To support HdS development starting in an initial system design phase, fast and accurate preemptive processor models should be provided for simulating the software. These models should provide a register level interface to enable a compatible programming view on the host machine environment. This paper presents a strategy for processor modeling that enables HdS development, using the host machine tool chain. The proposed approach supports the specification of platform components, such as processor, software and devices accessed through the data bus and interruption interfaces. An adaptive technique for timing estimation is being proposed, which is very accurate and show a high simulation performance. Supporting the device driver development and interruption service routines, these two features can be implemented and simulated at an early system design phase and requiring no Instruction Set Simulator (ISS). This ISS model would be required only for performance and accuracy comparison purposes. Experimental results show that the virtual platform specified using this proposed approach can perform faster (up to 760x speed up) and high accurate (up to 12%) software simulation on native host environment.
Modeling of Thin-Film Lateral SOI PIN Diodes with an Alternative Multi-Branch Explicit Current Model
Authors: Lugo-Muñoz Denise , Muci Juan , Ortiz-Conde Adelmo , García-Sánchez Francisco J. , De Souza Michelly , Flandre Denis , Pavanello Marcelo Antonio 
Published: December 2020

We propose the use of an alternative multi-exponential model to describe multiple conduction mechanisms in thin-film SOI PIN diodes with parasitic series resistance over a wide operating temperature range, from 90 to 390 K. This alternative multi-exponential model can be used for semiconductor junctions which exhibit multiple conduction mechanisms with series and shunt resistances. Using Thevenin’s theorem and the Lambert W function, the terminal current is expressed explicitly as a function of the terminal voltage. Its explicit nature allows higher computational efficiency and makes this model better suited for repetitive simulation applications than conventional implicit models. Additionally, direct analytic differentiation and integration are possible. This alternative model is used to describe the I-V characteristics of real SOI PIN diodes.
Impact of the Series Resistance in the I-V Characteristics of Junctionless Nanowire Transistors and its dependence on the Temperature
Authors: Doria Rodrigo T. , Trevisoli Renan D. , De Souza Michelly , Pavanello Marcelo Antonio 
Published: December 2020

The effect of the source/drain parasitic resistance (RS) on the I-V characteristics of Junctionless Nanowire Transistors (JNTs) has been evaluated through experimental and simulated data. The impact of several parameters such as the temperature, the fin width, the total doping concentration, the source/drain length and the source/drain doping concentration on RS has been addressed. The source/drain parasitic resistance presented by JNTs was compared to the one presented by classical inversion mode (IM) triple gate devices, showing opposite behavior with the temperature variation in IM triple transistors and JNTs. In the latter, a reduction on RS is noted with the temperature increase, which is related to the incomplete ionization. This effect inhibits the presence of a Zero Temperature Coefficient (ZTC) operation bias in the Junctionless devices.
Fin Cross-Section Shape Influence on Short Channel Effects of MuGFETs
Authors: Buhler Rudolf T. , Giacomini Renato , Pavanello Marcelo Antonio , Martino João Antonio 
Published: December 2020

Multiple-gate FETs is normally constructed on pre-etched silicon fins. These devices often present casual width variations along the silicon height; mostly caused by technological limitations of the fin definition process, due to non-ideal anisotropic etch. The resulting devices have, consequently, non-rectangular cross-sections, which can affect their electrical behavior. This work addresses the dependence of fin width non-uniformity on the occurrence of short-channel effects through comparative analysis, based on threedimensional numeric simulation of non-rectangular cross-section devices. The influence of the fin crosssection shape on electrical parameters showed to be dependent on channel length, becoming more sensible to the fin shape as the channel length is reduced, with better DC performance present on devices with bottom fin width smaller than top fin width due to the higher transconductance and lower output conductance, resulting on higher intrinsic voltage gain. For opposite fin shapes the total gate capacitance present higher values, beneficiating AC analog parameters, such as unit gain frequency.
Hardware Pipelining of Repetitive Patterns in Processor Instruction Traces
Authors: Bispo J. , Cardoso J. , Monteiro J. 
Published: December 2020

Dynamic partitioning is a promising technique where computations are transparently moved from a Gene-
ral Purpose Processor (GPP) to a coprocessor during application execution. To be effective, the mapping
of computations to the coprocessor needs to consider aggressive optimizations. One of the mapping opti-
mizations is loop pipelining, a technique extensively studied and known to allow substantial performance
improvements. This paper describes a technique for pipelining Megablocks, a type of runtime loop deve-
loped for dynamic partitioning. The technique transforms the body of Mega-blocks into an acyclic dataflow
graph which can be fully pipe-lined and is based on the atomic execution of loop iterations. For a set of 9 ben-
chmarks without memory operations, we generated pipelined hardware versions of the loops and esti-mate
that the presented loop pipelining technique increases the average speedup of non-pipelined coprocessor
accelerated designs from 1.6× to 2.2×. For a larger set of 61 benchmarks which include memory operations,
we estimate through simulation a speedup increase from 2.5× to 5.6× with this technique.
Table of Contents and Foreword
Authors: Pavanello Marcelo Antonio , Moraes Fernando Gehm 
Published: December 2020

In this issue of JICS some of the papers have been selected from the presented at SBMicro2012 (27th Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices), which has been held in Brasília, Brazil, in 2012. Among the contributions presented at the s ymposium, only a few best rated were selected by the JICS Editorial Board and have been invited to submit an extended version to the Journal. These extended papers have passed through the usual reviewing process before acceptance. In addition to the best papers presented at the conference, spontaneous submissions passed through the usual reviewing process and have been accepted as regular papers. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their valuable contribution on paper evaluation and selection, which guarantees the scientific level of this issue. We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions. We also would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support for this JICS Issue.Marcelo Antonio Pavanello - JICS Editor-in-chiefFernando Gehm Moraes - JICS Co-Editor
A Domain-Transformation Approach to Synthesize Read-Polarity-Once Boolean Functions
Authors: Callegaro Vinicius , Martins Mayler G. A. , Ribas Renato P. , Reis André I. 
Published: December 2020

Efficient exact factoring algorithms are limited to read-once (RO) functions, where each variable appears exactly once at the final Boolean expression. However, these algorithms present two important constraints: (1) they do not consider incompletely specified Boolean functions (ISFs), and (2) they are not suitable for binate functions. To overcome the first drawback, an algorithm that finds RO expressions for ISF, whenever possible, is proposed. In respect to the second limitation, we propose a domain transformation that splits existing binate variables into two independent unate variables. Such a domain transformation leads to ISFs, which can be efficiently factored by applying the proposed algorithm. The combination of both contributions gives optimal results for a recently proposed broader class of Boolean functions called read-polarity-once (RPO) functions, where each polarity (positive and negative) of a variable appears at most once in the factored form. Experimental results carried out over ISCAS’85 benchmark circuits have shown that RPO functions are significantly more frequent than RO functions.
Table of Contents and Foreword
Authors: Pavanello Marcelo Antonio , Kastensmidt Fernanda 
Published: December 2020

In this issue of JICS some of the papers have been selected from the presented at SBMicro2013 (28th Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices), which has been held in Curitiba, Brazil, in 2013. Among the contributions presented at the Symposium, only a few best rated were selected by the JICS Editorial Board and have been invited to submit an extended version to the Journal. These extended papers have passed through the usual reviewing process before acceptance. In addition to the best papers presented at the conference, spontaneous submissions passed through the usual reviewing process and have been accepted as regular papers. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their valuable contribution on paper evaluation and selection, which guarantees the scientific level of this issue. We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions.Marcelo Antonio Pavanello - JICS Editor-in-chiefFernanda Kastensmidt - JICS Co-Editor
ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE AND FUNCTION OF NARRATOR IN JUN CHIU’S CROP CIRCLES
Authors: Oktavia Dini , Rangkuti Rahmadsyah , Yusuf Nuhammad 
Published: December 2020

The purposes of this study are to find out the elements of narrative and the function of narrator in Jun Chiu’s silent comic Crop Circles. This research applied qualitative design. The data of this study were in the form of 20 pictures taken from the silent comic. The data were collected through stages: finding out and determining, classifying and separating the pictures conveying illustration of a narrative. The analysis of the data was done qualitatively by using the theory of phase analysis by Miles, Huberman and Saldana covering condensation, display and verification. The research results show that the elements of narrative found in Jun Chiu’s comic pictures Crop Circles narrative mood (transposed speech-indirect style); narrative instance (narrative voice: heterodiegetic narrator, time of narration: simultaneous narration; narrative perspective: external focalization), narrative levels (embedded narrative, metalepsis) and narrative time (order: analepsis, narrative speed: ellipsis, frequency of events: singulative narration). The narrator carried ideological function because the narrator illustrates the pictures to introduce public policy.
Use of immunohistochemistry for detection of Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shah Niharika , Popper Helmut , Karki Smriti , Mishra Deebya Raj 
Published: December 2020

Background: Since the advent of targeted therapy in lung cancer, in settings where it is not possible to send for molecular testing of lung adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry for EGFR mutation-specific antibodies can be used as an alternative for detection of EGFR mutation.
Materials and methods: 50 lung adenocarcinoma cases were screened at the Medical University of Graz. 19 cases in which molecular test as well as immunohistochemistry were positive for EGFR mutation. Cases where immunohistochemistry results and molecular test for the E-746-A750 deletion and the L858 mutation were positive, were considered true positives. Similarly, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives were determined.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 78.6 yrs. Among 19 cases, 7 were positive for E-746-A750 deletion (7/19, 36%), among which 4 cases also showed positivity with IHC. 4 were positive for the L858 mutation (4/19, 21%), among which 3 also showed positivity with immunohistochemistry. The rest of the 8 cases were positive for EGFR mutation in other loci. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunohistochemistry test of antibody specific to E-746-A750 exon 19 deletion was 100% and 80% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the IHC test of Ab specific to L858 mutation was 75%, and 100% respectively.
Conclusions: Our results have been comparable to previous studies. However, our sample size was a limitation. It can still be concluded that immunohistochemistry can be a diagnostic option in low resource settings, and can aid in ensuring that patients with a positive antibody test get targeted therapy.
Hematological and biochemical profile of person with macrocytic anemia in a tertiary health care centre of Nepal
Authors: Pathak Rakesh , Pudasaini Sujata , Ghimire Sushmita , Basnyat Anil Singh , KC Anuj 
Published: December 2020

Background: Anemia is a nutritional problem worldwide with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Macrocytic anemia often originates from abnormalities that impair the erythroid precursor maturation in the bone marrow. Since the clinical manifestations of different types of anemias are similar, hematological parameters including hemoglobin, Red blood cell indices, and Peripheral Blood Smear examination are useful in the diagnosis of anemia.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Pathology at Nepal Medical College Teaching hospital. A total of 42 patients between 14 to 62 years with low Hb concentration according to the World Health Organization criteria for anemia were selected and a mean cell volume > 100 fL was taken for study. Peripheral blood smear examination, Red blood cell indices, Vitamin B12, and Folic acid level were evaluated.
Results: There were 42 patients with macrocytic anemia enrolled in the study with a mean age of 31.85±12.49 years and with female preponderance. Hemoglobin level was slightly low in males compared to females. Red blood cell indices were slightly higher in males. The difference of serum Vit B12 and Folic acid in male and female was found to be significant.
Conclusions: It was concluded that for the diagnosis of a specific type of anemia, hemoglobin, Red blood cell indices, reticulocytes percent, and PBS examination were important parameters. Serum Folic acid and Vitamin B12 level estimation along with other hematological parameters are important for the diagnosis of macrocytic anemia and its correlation
Utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in head and neck lesions and its correlation with histopathology- a study in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Thapa Sushma , Ghosh Arnab , Ghartmagar Dilasma , Regmi Sudeep , Talwar OP 
Published: December 2020

Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology has rapidly gained acceptance due to the easy accessibility of target sites and minimally invasive nature. It is a very simple, quick, cost-effective method of sampling alternative to the time consuming complicated and invasive excision biopsy. The study aimed to access the utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of various head and neck lesions and also to establish the diagnostic accuracy between the cytological and histopathological diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study of 380 cases of FNACs on head and neck swellings performed in various age groups in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to December 2019.
Results: Out of 380 patients, the maximum number of cases were seen in the thyroid (40.8%), followed by lymph nodes (39.5%), skin, soft tissue, miscellaneous (10.8%) and salivary glands (8.9%). Benign and non-neoplastic cases outnumbered (88.1%) the malignant (10.8%) cases. Histopathological follow-up was available in 28 (7.4%) cases among which 25 (89.3%) cases were consistent with the cytodiagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated to be 80%, 94.4%, and 89.3% respectively.
Conclusions: The majority of the cases of head and neck swellings were seen in the thyroid followed by lymph nodes, skin, soft tissue, miscellaneous, and salivary glands. In thyroid, colloid goiter and papillary carcinoma were the commonest benign and malignant lesions respectively. In the lymph node, reactive lymphadenitis, and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma were the commonest benign and malignant lesions respectively.