bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and feasibility of ruxolitinib in chronic steroid‐refractory GVHD in a pediatric intestine transplant
Authors: Ghobrial Shahira , Gonzalez Corina , Yazigi Nada , Kaufman Stuart , Matsumoto Cal , Fishbein Thomas , Hawksworth Jason , Kroemer Alexander , Khan Khalid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) has been a clinical problem in solid organ transplant that includes intestine due to the donor lymphoid tissue mass which accompanies the intestinal component of the graft. We report a case that demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of ruxolitinib a JAK 1/2 inhibitor in the treatment of chronic steroid‐refractory GVHD (SR‐GVHD). The child developed SR‐GVHD following a composite intestine transplant (small bowel, colon, liver, and pancreas). And after receiving ruxolitinib 1.25 mg (0.15 mg/kg/dose) per gastric tube (G‐tube) daily, the child appeared to have improved skin rash and sigmoidoscopy was negative. Nonetheless, we encourage close monitoring of hematologic and infectious adverse effect during dose escalation, and individualizing patient maximum effective dose with the least adverse effect possible. We stress the importance of early diagnosis and hyper‐alertness of GVHD in intestinal transplant patients.
Numb chin syndrome as a presentation for acute myeloid leukemia relapse post–hematopoietic cell transplant: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Banat Omar , Albataineh Tamer , Hashem Hasan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNCS is defined as reduced or absent sensation in the chin and lower lip within the distribution of the mental or inferior alveolar nerves. Although commonly associated with local trauma, NCS can indicate an underlying malignancy or can be the presenting symptom of cancer recurrence. We describe a 6‐year‐old female patient with AML and t(8,21) who underwent allogeneic HCT. Five months post‐HCT, the patient presented with right‐sided facial pain and numbness in her chin and lower lip consistent with NCS. Two weeks later, the patient had bone marrow relapse indicating AML recurrence. Although NCS remains a rare diagnosis especially in children, in the context of leukemia, it usually indicates an advanced disease or could be a sign of recurrence, and is commonly associated with grim prognosis. Further research is needed to study the link between NCS and specific cytogenetic abnormalities.
Development and validation of the Health Care System Distrust scale for cancer screening among Koreans
Authors: Lee Shin‐Young 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe current research addresses the need for developing a Health Care System Distrust scale for cancer screening among Koreans living in the Republic of Korea. This study developed and validated a scale to measure health care system distrust and to examine the psychometric properties of the scale.MethodsInterviews, expert reviews, a pilot test, and a cross‐sectional survey with 884 Koreans were conducted for instrument development and validation. Content validity, construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability of the scale were examined.ResultsFactor analyses demonstrated a three‐factor structure (competency of tests and health care providers, quality of health care organizations, and honesty of health care organizations) of the Health Care System Distrust scale with 12 items accounting for a total of 71.47% of the variance (competency = 33.35%, quality = 21.14%, and honesty = 16.97%). Cronbach's α coefficients of the subscales were 0.72–0.92.ConclusionThe newly developed Health Care System Distrust scale will aid in understanding Koreans' distrust of the health care system and their cancer screening behaviors, and will improve cancer screening utilization by transforming distrust into trust.
What Native Americans want nurses to know: Attitudes and behaviors desired in client/nurse relationships
Authors: Purtzer Mary Anne , Thomas Jenifer J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined Native American perceptions of attitudes and behaviors desired in their client/nurse relationships for the purpose of informing cultural‐competency education and practice.DesignA descriptive‐qualitative methodology was used and face‐to‐face interviews were conducted.SampleA targeted sampling approach was applied; the sample included Native Americans employed at a western reservation casino.Analytic StrategyThematic analysis involved constant‐comparison through the examination of similarities and differences, and relationships between concepts.ResultsTheme I, Native American Experiences with Nurses and Theme II, Native American Experiences with Other Native Americans. Subthemes offer participant perspectives of the dynamics within their client/nurse interactions. Participants offer advice to both nurses and other Native Americans that promotes mutual understanding and respect.ConclusionsBecoming a culturally competent nurse is a complex developmental journey. Four implications are offered. First, nurses can feel confident doing what they do best; valued nurse attributes and behaviors are being taught and practiced that are foundational for cultural competence. Second, within the context of a population‐health focus, consider individual preferences and beliefs. Third, empower Native American self‐advocacy. Lastly, disrupt racism at the relationship level by seeking cultural humility and practicing critical self‐reflection and dialogue.
Perceived risk of infection and smoking behavior change during COVID‐19 in Ohio
Authors: Chertok Ilana R. Azulay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe recent COVID‐19 pandemic may catalyze smoking behavior modification. The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with reducing smoking exposure during the COVID‐19 outbreak.DesignCross‐sectional design using the Health Belief Model to develop an online survey distributed throughout Ohio early during the outbreak.Sample810 adults in Ohio (77.9% non‐smokers, 22.1% current smokers).MeasurementsSociodemographic factors, smoking and behavior changes since the COVID‐19 outbreak, and perceived risk of infection were collected. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with indoor smoking bans and factors associated with desire to quit smoking since the outbreak.ResultsFor the overall sample, the odds of indoor smoking bans were significantly associated with never smoked, college education, single‐family residence, not living with smokers, and perceived importance of avoiding public places. For smokers, the desire to quit smoking since the COVID‐19 outbreak was associated with diabetes and perceived risk of severe infection.ConclusionsIdentified factors inform residential smoking exposure reduction through indoor smoking bans. Having an increased perceived risk of severe infection among smokers may motivate cessation. Public health nurses can provide accurate and accessible resources for smoking cessation during the COVID‐19 pandemic to promote healthy lifestyle modification.
Fluorescence Sensors for Bismuth (III) Ion from Pyreno[4,5‐d]imidazole Derivatives
Authors: Chanawungmuang Nichapa , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Rashatasakhon Paitoon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThree pyreno[4,5‐d]imidazole derivatives are synthesized and evaluated as fluorescent sensors for bismuth (III) ion. The target compounds are prepared in 55–86% yields from a condensation reaction between pyrene‐4,5‐dione and aromatic aldehydes. The compound bearing a phenolic group can selectively detect bismuth (III) ion via fluorescence enhancement with a detection limit of 1.20 μm in CH3CN‐DMSO mixture and 3.40 μm in 10% pH5 aqueous in CH3CN‐DMSO mixture. The sensing mechanism involving a formation of coordination complex is investigated by UV‐VIS and fluorescence titrations, 1H‐NMR and the decomplexation of the bismuth complex by sulfide ion. The application of this sensor for quantitative analysis of spiked bismuth (III) ion in real water samples from two different sources is demonstrated.
Ecological factors affecting the fitness of the threatened orchid Anacamptis robusta (Orchidaceae): Habitat disturbance, interactions with a co‐flowering rewarding orchid and hybridization events
Authors: Capó M. , Borràs J. , Perelló‐Suau S. , Rita J. , Cursach J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The food‐deceptive species Anacamptis robusta is threatened in the Balearic Islands, and its habitat has recently been transformed through human disturbance. This study investigated how human disturbance affects the reproductive output of A. robusta and how its fitness is affected by competition with rewarding relatives, fungal infections and hybridization processes.

To evaluate the impact of habitat loss on plant fitness, data on reproductive measures were obtained in two well‐conserved subpopulations and the unique disturbed subpopulation. Photo‐trapping cameras were installed to determine the floral visitation rate. All flowering individuals in 2019 were georeferenced using differential GPS to examine the influence of geospatial patterns on the reproductive success of A. robusta. In addition, hand‐pollination treatments were performed to evaluate the hybridization between A. coriophora and A. robusta and the origin of A. × albuferensis.

The human‐disturbed subpopulation of A. robusta had a lower fruit set success than the subpopulations in well‐conserved areas. The presence of A. coriophora is negatively affecting the reproductive output of A. robusta. Moreover, A. robusta can only act as the pollen donor during hybridization.

The complexity of the ecological system, which is enhanced by the strong pollinator dependence of the threatened species, must be considered when making conservation decisions. Although human disturbance directly affects plant population stability, other ecological issues must be considered, such as pollinator interaction, interspecific competition for pollinators, fungal infection and hybridization events.
Cassava common mosaic virus infection causes alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure, function, and carbohydrate metabolism of cassava plants
Authors: Zanini Andrea A. , Di Feo Liliana , Luna Dario F. , Paccioretti Pablo , Collavino Agostina , Rodriguez Marianela S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV) is a potexvirus that causes systemic infections in cassava plants, leading to chlorotic mosaic and producing significant yield losses. To date, the physiological alterations and the mechanism underlying biotic stress during the cassava–CsCMV compatible interaction remains unknown. In this study, we found that CsCMV infection adversely modified chloroplast structure and had functional effects on chloroplasts in source leaves during the course of viral infection. Extrusion of the chloroplast membrane with amoeboid‐shaped appearance and disorganized grana stacks were observed in infected mesophyll cells. These alterations were associated with up to 35% reduction of relative chlorophyll content, and a decline of CO2 fixation (13.5% and 24.2% at 90 and 210 days after planting, respectively). The effects of CsCMV infection on the performance index on absorption basis dropped up to 37%. The analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence showed a progressive loss of both oxygen evolving complex activity and “connectivity” within the tripartite system (core antenna‐LHCII‐reaction centre). Here, we report the latter phenomenon for the first time in a viral infection. The oxidative stress process was observed in CsCMV‐infected plants (20.8% reduction of antioxidant capacity with respect to noninfected plants). Other effects of the pathogen included reduction of starch and maltose content in source leaves, and a significant increase (24.7%) of the sucrose:starch ratio, which indicates an altered pattern of carbon allocation. Our results suggest that CsCMV induces chloroplast distortion associated with progressive chloroplast function loss and diversion of carbon flux in source leaf tissue, leading to the loss of cassava tuber yield.
Local weak light induces the improvement of photosynthesis in adjacent illuminated leaves in maize seedlings
Authors: Wu Han‐Yu , Tang Hai‐Kun , Liu Li‐An , Shi Lei , Zhang Wang‐Feng , Jiang Chuang‐Dao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo copy with highly heterogeneous light environment, plants can regulate photosynthesis locally and systemically, thus, maximizing the photosynthesis of individual plants. Therefore, we speculated that local weak light may induce the improvement of photosynthesis in adjacent illuminated leaves in plants. In order to test this hypothesis, maize seedlings were partially shaded, and gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and biochemical analysis were carefully assessed. It was shown that local shading exacerbated the declines in the photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll contents, electron transport and carbon assimilation‐related enzyme activities in shaded leaves as plants growth progressed. While, the decreases of these parameters in adjacent illuminated leaves of shaded plants were considerably alleviated compared to the corresponding leaves of control plants. Obviously, the photosynthesis in adjacent illuminated leaves in shaded plants was improved by local shading, and the improvement in adjacent lower leaves was larger than that in adjacent upper ones. As growth progressed, local shading induced higher abscisic acid contents in shaded leaves, but it alleviated the increase in the abscisic acid contents in adjacent leaves in shaded plants. Moreover, the difference in sugar content between shaded leaves and adjacent illuminated ones was gradually increased. Consequently, local weak light suppressed the photosynthesis in shaded leaves, while it markedly improved the photosynthesis of adjacent illuminated ones. Sugar gradient between shaded leaves and adjacent illuminated ones might play a key role in photosynthetic regulation of adjacent illuminated leaves.
Status, morphology, and phylogenetic relationships of Iyengaria (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae), a brown algal genus with a disjunct distribution in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Santiañez Wilfred John E. , Al‐Bader Dhia , West John A. , Bolton John J. , Kogame Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThe taxonomy, classification, and phylogenetic relationships of the brown seaweed genus Iyengaria with other members of the family Scytosiphonaceae remain poorly understood. In this study, we addressed some problems in the systematics (taxonomic and classification status) and phylogenetic position of Iyengaria based on our studies on the generitype Iyengaria stellata from Kuwait and South Africa. We confirm that I. stellata is conspecific with Colpomenia capensis based on molecular and morpho‐anatomical data and that the species has a disjunct distribution within the Indian Ocean. Also, the distinguishing features of two Iyengaria species (I. nizamuddinii and ‘I. lobocylindrica’) described from Karachi, Pakistan, are within the morphological range of I. stellata. Hence, these two taxa are considered here as junior heterotypic synonyms of I. stellata. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested the polyphyly of the genus Iyengaria, with the recently described Iyengaria quadriseriata from India forming close associations with Rosenvingea intricata. As such, we remove I. quadriseriata from the genus Iyengaria and relegate it as a synonym of R. intricata. Consequently, by recognizing only one species, our proposals considerably reduce the species diversity in the genus. Moreover, our culture studies suggested that I. stellata exhibits an alternation of heteromorphic generations, similar to other species in the Scytosiphonaceae. Under culture conditions, I. stellata also produced plurangia on microthalli, confirming its affinity with other phylogenetically close relatives in the ‘Hydroclathrus group’ of the family Scytosiphonaceae such as Colpomenia, Rosenvingea, and Chnoospora.
Adaptation difficulty and religious coping styles for the elderly in Turkey
Authors: Kulakçı‐Altıntaş Hülya , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMany physical and psychosocial changes occur in elderly people due to aging. These changes affect the adaptation, coping style, and quality of life of elderly people. This study was conducted to determine the adaptation difficulty to the process of aging and religious coping styles used by elderly people.MethodsThe research was conducted as a cross‐sectional type. The sample consisted of 505 elderly people from seven family health centres of a city in Turkey. Data were collected via a personal information form, the Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly, and the Religious Coping Scale.ResultsThe adaptation difficulty for the elderly total mean score was 0.52 (SD = 0.56). The positive religious coping mean score was 23.49 (SD = 5.30), and the negative religious coping mean score was 7.88 (SD = 3.20). While there was a negative weak relationship between the adaptation difficulty for the elderly and the positive religious coping (r = −0.147, P = 0.001), there was no significant relation between the adaptation difficulty for the elderly and the negative religious coping (r = −0.028, P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results revealed that adaptation difficulty to the process of aging is low, elderly people use positive coping strategies, and adaptation to old age increased as positive coping strategies were used. Factors that affect religious coping must be considered to improve the health of elderly people.
When Local Governments Request Access to Data: Power and Coordination Mechanisms across Stakeholders
Authors: Fusi Federica 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere are ongoing efforts to encourage public organizations to use data to enhance their performance and design public policies. Among barriers to data use, public managers report low access to data owned by stakeholders—other city departments, other public agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. A critical research question is how public organizations can design incentives and structures that decrease the time and resources spent to request and obtain access to data. Drawing from resource dependency theory and a contingency‐based approach, this research examines how routinized, formal nonroutinized, and informal coordination mechanisms facilitate access to data from influential groups of stakeholders. Hypotheses are tested using 2016 survey data from a nationally representative sample of 2,500 departments in 500 US cities. Results show that formal nonroutinized coordination facilitates access to data requested from governmental actors, while informal coordination decreases access to data requested from nongovernmental organizations.
Microplastics and their potential effects on the aquaculture systems: a critical review
Authors: Zhou Aiguo , Zhang Yue , Xie Shaolin , Chen Yuliang , Li Xiang , Wang Jun , Zou Jixing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccording to the statistics, 8.3 billion metric tonnes of plastics have been produced since 1950s, which is far more than other synthetic materials and the annual production which are about 500 million tonnes per year at present. The production of plastics makes microplastics pollution extremely widespread distribution, which will have a lasting impact on the global environment, especially on the aquaculture systems. And the distribution of the microplastics is extremely imbalanced around the global waters. In the present review, we have summarized the development of aquaculture in the World and China based on the existing data sources. And the total aquaculture production of the World will over 90 million tonnes, which will exceed the capture production in 2020. Aquaculture products will become one of the most important sources of high‐quality protein. However, we found that many kinds of microplastics are detected and enriched in both farmed and captured species. Both endogenous and exogenous factors like the use of fishing plastic products, factory farming facility and equipment, natural and synthetic feed, animal health products, aquaculture fortifier and aquatic food additives make accumulation of microplastics easier. In addition, the safety of aquaculture products is closely related to human health because the residues of microplastics in fish leading to various potential hazards. In summary, this paper reviewed the relationship between microplastics and aquaculture, aimed at calling for the rational and restricted use of plastic products in the aquaculture ecosystems.
Unintended consequences of tax incentives on export product quality: Evidence from a natural experiment in China
Authors: Kong Dongmin , Xiong Mengxu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of tax incentives on export product quality. Using a staggered value‐added tax reform in China as exogenous shocks, our difference‐in‐differences estimation shows that tax cuts causally reduce product quality at the firm‐level (product‐level) by 5.3% (8.6%). A plausible mechanism appears to be the output and export expansion, which crowd out human capital and thus undermine quality. The results are more pronounced for non‐state‐owned firms, firms under high tax reinforcement effort, and firms subjecting to high financial constraints. This study provides clear policy implications by shedding light on the unintended consequences of tax incentives on export product quality.
Linear Mixed Effects Models for Non-Gaussian Continuous Repeated Measurement Data
Authors: Asar Özgür , Bolin David , Diggle Peter J. , Wallin Jonas 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWe consider the analysis of continuous repeated measurement outcomes that are collected longitudinally. A standard framework for analysing data of this kind is a linear Gaussian mixed effects model within which the outcome variable can be decomposed into fixed effects, time invariant and time-varying random effects, and measurement noise. We develop methodology that, for the first time, allows any combination of these stochastic components to be non-Gaussian, using multivariate normal variance–mean mixtures. To meet the computational challenges that are presented by large data sets, i.e. in the current context, data sets with many subjects and/or many repeated measurements per subject, we propose a novel implementation of maximum likelihood estimation using a computationally efficient subsampling-based stochastic gradient algorithm. We obtain standard error estimates by inverting the observed Fisher information matrix and obtain the predictive distributions for the random effects in both filtering (conditioning on past and current data) and smoothing (conditioning on all data) contexts. To implement these procedures, we introduce an R package: ngme. We reanalyse two data sets, from cystic fibrosis and nephrology research, that were previously analysed by using Gaussian linear mixed effects models.