bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Important Aedes Spp. Infestation Levels In Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Of Congo
Authors: Francis Wat’senga Tezzo , Sylvie Fasine , Zola Manzambi Emile , Carmen Marquetti Maria del , Guillaume Binene Mbuka , Gillon Ilombe , Richard Mundeke Takasongo , Nathalie Smitz , Andre Bisset Juan , Wim Van Bortel , Vanlerberghe Veerle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Arboviruses such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika are among the most important emerging infectious diseases worldwide. Yellow fever and chikungunya outbreaks, and few dengue cases have been reported in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in recent years. Although the main vectors of these arboviruses, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus , were reported in DRC, the lack of detailed information on their presence and spread hampers transmission risk assessments in this region. METHODS In 2018, two cross-sectional surveys were realized in Kinshasa province (DRC), one in the rainy (January/February) and one in the dry season (July). Four hundred houses were visited in each of the four selected communes (N’Djili, Mont Ngafula, Lingwala and Kalamu). Breedings sites were recorded, larvae and pupae collected and reared to obtain adults for genus and species identification. A subset of specimen was DNA-barcoded for species validation. RESULTS The most rural commune (Mont Ngafula) had the highest infestation levels, with a Breteau Index of 82.2 and 19.5/100 houses in rainy and dry season, respectively. The Breteau Index in the other communes Kalamu, Lingwala and N’Djili elevated to 21.5 (4.7), 36.7 (9.8) and 41.7 (7.5) in the rainy (and dry) season respectively. The House index was on average 27.5% and 7.6%; and the Cotainer Index 15.0% and 10.0% in rainy and dry season, respectively. The vast majority of Aedes positive containers were found outside the houses (aOR 27.3 (95%CI 14.9-50.0)). The main breeding sites were used tires, water storage containers and trash. Anopheles larvae were also found in Aedes breeding sites in all four communes in the rainy season. CONCLUSIONS These results show that Kinshasa is highly infested with Aedes spp. which indicates a high potential for arbovirus transmission in the area. The present study evidences that Aedes breeding sites are mainly located outdoors. The most productive containers (for Aedes pupae production) during the dry season are the water storage containers, while over the rainy season these are the artificial containers, especially tires. This will have an impact on the design of control strategies for these vectors in Kinshasa.
Trends and Distributions of Road Traffic Crashes and Injuries, Nigeria, 2013 – 2016
Authors: Babalola Obafemi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAfrica accounts for one-fifth of low- and middle-income countries’ contributions to the global road traffic mortality, and Nigeria reported > 25% of this. Over the years, the trends in road traffic crashes (RTCs) in Nigeria have a slow decline. This study describes the magnitude and distribution of RTCs and injuries in Nigeria and determines if the sustainable development goal (SDG 3.6) target set in 2011 was achieved in 2016. MethodsRTCs surveillance data from the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) 2013 - 2016 was analyzed. Variables like date of the crash, route of the crash, location of the crash, the probable cause of the crash, age and sex of people involved, injured, or killed, road users type and make of vehicles were anonymized and abstracted on Microsoft Excel worksheet. RTCs outcome were classified as minor, moderate, and fatal. The road traffic injury (RTI) fatality rate is the proportion of persons killed in RTC per 100,000 population. Data analyzed for frequency, proportions, and ratio but presented in tables, trend, and charts.ResultsThere were 42,813 RTCs involving 56,331 vehicles and 283,949 persons. Fatal RTCs were 12,031 (28.1%) and 23,412 (8.2%) persons died. Male to female ratio was 3:1. North-Central zone (NCZ) reported 16,097 (37.6%) of the RTCs while South-West zone (SWZ) had the highest proportion of RTCs that were fatal 2,474/6,902 (35.8%). RTI fatality rate was highest in NCZ followed by SWZ with 23.8 and 12.7 deaths per 100,000 population, respectively. The States with the highest fatal RTCs were Oyo 631/1209 (52.0%), Yobe 114/269 (42.4%), Ondo 446/1073 (41.6%) and Kogi 566/1368 (41.4%). The commonest causes of RTCs were speed violation and loss of vehicle control. From 2011 to 2016, reduction in RTC and Fatal RTC were 27.4% and 7.8%, respectively and SDG 3.6 target not met.ConclusionsRTCs remains a major public health in Nigeria where fatal RTCs, injuries, and RTI fatality rate are differentially distributed in states and geo-political zones. RTI fatality rate was highest in NCZ and SWZ, and SDG 3.6 target was not met. Therefore, a context-specific RTCs preventive strategies should be designed and implemented in Nigeria.
CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Knockout of NtAn1 to Enhance the Lipid Accumulation in Tobacco Seed for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Tian Yinshuai , Liu Xinanbei , Li Tingting , Qin Huan , Li Xiao , Chen Kai , Chen Fang , Xu Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Tobacco seed lipid is a promising non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production. In order to meet the increasing demand, achieving high seed lipid content is one of the major goals in tobacco seed production. The TT8 gene and its homologs negatively regulate seed lipid accumulation in Arabidopsis and Brassica species. We speculated that manipulating the homolog genes of TT8 in tobacco could enhance the accumulation of seed lipid.Results: In this present study, we found that the TT8 homolog genes in tobacco, NtAn1a and NtAn1b, were highly expressed in developing seed. Targeted mutagenesis of NtAn1 genes were created by the CRISPR-Cas9 based gene editing technology. Due to the defect of PAs biosynthesis, mutant seeds showed a phenotype of yellow seed coat. Seed lipid accumulation was enhanced by about 18% and 15% in two targeted mutant lines, respectively. Protein content was also significantly increased in mutant seeds. In addition, the seed yield related traits were not affected by the targeted mutagenesis of NtAn1 genes. Thus, the overall lipid productivity of the NtAn1 knockout mutants were dramatically enhanced. Conclusion: Tobacco NtAn1 genes regulate both PAs and lipid accumulation in the process of seed development. Targeted mutagenesis of NtAn1 genes could generate a yellow-seeded tobacco variety with high lipid and protein content. Furthermore, the present results revealed that CRISPR-Cas9 system could be employed in tobacco seed de novo domestication for biodiesel feedstock production.
Acute Cardiac Injury and COVID-19 – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Salah Husam M , Candales Angel Lopez 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction:The ongoing global pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has ranged from an asymptomatic state to unprecedented number of deaths worldwide. In symptomatic patients, a viral pneumonia can unrelentingly progress to multi-system failure with preferential cardiac tropism. Although the full spectrum of COVID-19 cardiac manifestations is still not clear; acute cardiac injury (ACI) remains a common finding. The goal of our study, not only is to examine the current prevalence of ACI among COVID-19 infected patients but also, the reported mortality.Method:After thoroughly searching the literature for appropriate studies, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Inclusion criteria were 1) Cohort study, case-control study, or case series study. 2) The study population included individuals with COVID-19 3) The presence or absence of cardiac injury was reported in the study 4) Mortality among patients with cardiac injury is reported or can be calculated.Results:Ten studies were included with a total of 1664 patients. The prevalence of ACI was 30.8%. The mortality rate among patients with concurrent COVID-19 and ACI was 53%.Conclusion:ACI can occur in one third of patients with COVID-19. Concurrent COVID-19 and ACI entails a high mortality rate. Serum troponin level can be a good prognostic tool in COVID-19.
Associations of Experienced Parenting Style and Empathy Among Male Offenders in China
Authors: Wang Shaishai , Hu Huagang , Wang Xinyang , Dong Bo , Zhang Tianyang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Parenting style has an important influence on the development of individuals and has been associated with empathy. The present study aimed to investigate different parenting style factors in childhood and adolescence and associated cognitive and affective empathy among offenders, which may help to inform effective intervention strategies to improve empathy.Methods: A total of 994 prisoners were selected for their parents being the caregivers whose caregivers were fathers and mothers, used the Parental Bonding Instrument to collect information on the parenting styles they experienced in childhood and adolescence, and used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate their empathy. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to explore associations between different parenting style factors and the empathy of offenders, and one-way multivariate analysis of variance and a t-test was used to explore the differences in cognitive and affective empathy with different degrees of parenting style factors.Results: The parental care and control factors in childhood and adolescence had a significantly greater influence on the empathy of offenders than the parental encouragement factor. There were different associations between parental care and control factors and offenders’ empathy depending on whether the parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. When the parenting styles were consistent, different degrees of parental care had a significantly influence on the cognitive and affective empathy while different degrees of parental control only had a significantly influence on the affective empathy of offenders. And when the parenting styles were inconsistent, different degrees of paternal and maternal control had an association with the cognitive and affective empathy of offenders.Conclusion: Different parenting style factors experienced in childhood and adolescence had different associations with the empathy of offenders. Different degrees of parenting style factors also had different predictive effects on offenders’ cognitive and affective empathy depending on whether the paternal and maternal parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. Moreover, the parental control factor had a particular influence on the empathy of offenders. Our findings underscore the pressing need for taking preventive monitoring measures or developing policies to improve parenting styles.
Two rare cases of ovarian collision tumor
Authors: tian yan , cao xinshan , ma mimi , cui yunfu , mu qingchao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Collision tumor is a clinically rare disease, it is defined as two or more primary tumors from different tissues occurring at the same anatomical site. Ovarian collision tumor is more rare. Case presentation: A patient was hospitalized with a pelvic mass. The CA125 level was 53.46U per milli liter (normal range, 0 to 30u/ml). Another patient was hospitalized with lower abdominal pain and no apparent hormonal abnormalities. Ovarian lesions were found in both patients after examination, and postoperative pathology showed that both patients were ovarian collision tumors. Conclusion: Collision tumor composed of mature cystic teratoma, follicular membranous cell tumor and serous cystadenoma was first reported. The biological behavior of collision tumor is different due to its different components. Accurate diagnosis is of great significance to treatment.
Dorzolamide/Timolol-Fixed Combination For Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Protocol For Systematic Review
Authors: Qi Yan-Xiu , Liu Hong-wei , Sun Quan , Su Xing-jie , Han Lin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a very common disorder, and it is the second leading cause that results in blindness worldwide after cataracts. Previous studies have reported that dorzolamide/timolol-fixed combination (DTFC) can be used in treating POAG. However, there are still inconsistent results. Thus, this study will systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of DTFC on POAG. Methods: A comprehensive search will be carried out in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHI, ACMD, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WANGFANG database from origin to the present. There are no limitations related to the language and publication status. Only randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of DTFC for the treatment of POAG will be included. Two researchers will independently undertake record selection, data extraction, and study quality assessment. Any divisions will be solved by discussion with a third researcher. We will perform statistical analysis using RevMan 5.3 software Discussion: This study will summarize the present evidence to identify the efficacy and safety of DTFC in treating POAG through mean intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, bioelectric activity of the retina, rate of progression of glaucoma, quality of life, and adverse events. The results of this study will help to determine whether DTFC is effective and safety for the treatment of POAG.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020170531.
Prelacteal Feeding and Associated Factors Among Northwestern Ethiopian Women Having Children Less than Six Months Age: A Community Based Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: G/slassie1 Maezu , Mulugeta Kiflay , Berhe Abraha Teklay 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Prelacteal feeding is administration of any food or fluid other than breast milk before initiation of breast feeding. Optimal breastfeeding including discouraging prelacteal feeding could save 823,000 lives per year among children ages five years old and younger. Despite of this mothers give prelacteal feeding to their child in different part of Ethiopia; However, there is a paucity of information on prevalence of prelacteal feeding and associated factors in the study area. Thus, the current study aimed at determining of the prevalence of prelacteal feeding and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than six months in Gozamen district, East Gojjam zone, North West Ethiopia, 2019-2020Methods: A community -based cross-sectional study was conducted among 741 mothers of children aged less than six months in Gozamen district from August 2019 to Feb 2020. Stratified cluster sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by face to face interviewer-administered, pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression model were employed. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to identify factors associated with prelacteal feeding.Results: In this study the prevalence of prelacteal feeding was found to be 17.1%with 95%CI [14.3, 20]. Mothers who had no ANC follow up [AOR: 7.53, CI; 3.32, 17.05], those mothers who did not discard colostrum [AOR: 0.12, CI; 0.07, 0.12] time of breast feeding initiation [AOR: 3.53, CI; 2.05, 6.11] and mothers who had single ANC visit [AOR: 2.98, CI; 1.52, 5.85] were significant independent factors associated with prelacteal feeding.Conclusion: This study concluded that prelacteal feeding was high in the study area .Therefore, in order to tackle this problem strengthening antenatal follow up, timely initiation of breastfeeding, health education and awarenes creation of the communities are recommended interventions.
Bladder filling volume variation between the first and second days of planning computed tomography for prostate cancer radiation therapy and correlation with renal function
Authors: Ishibashi Naoya , Maebayashi Toshiya , Sakaguchi Masakuni , Aizawa Takuya , Okada Masahiro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

During radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer, bladder filling helps exclude the organ from irradiation and reduces adverse effects. For RT planning, we performed computed tomography (CT) for 2 consecutive days to evaluate inter-day variations in organs such as the bladder. However, the patient factors that are associated with large intra-patient variations in bladder filling volume prior to RT are not known.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 97 prostate cancer patients who underwent CT for 2 consecutive days for RT planning between March 2015 and March 2020 and with confirmed water intake volume before the scans. Patients consumed 500 mL of water immediately after urination and underwent CT 30 min after the start of water intake; CT was performed under similar conditions over 2 consecutive days. Patient information was collected from the medical records taken before CT.

Results

The median bladder filling volume was 102.8 cm 3 (range: 31.7 to 774.0) and the median intra-patient bladder filling volume variation was 23.4 cm 3 (range: 0.4 to 277.7). Univariate analysis revealed that the intra-patient variation was significantly larger in patients with an eGFR higher than the median ( P =0.003). No other factor showed correlations with the variation. As the larger bladder filling volume of the 2 consecutive days in patients increased (median 121.5 cm 3 , range: 47.8 to 774.0), the intra-patient variation also increased.

Conclusions

Patients with a higher eGFR show greater variation in bladder filling volume, and caution should be exercised when applying RT in these patients.
Impact of rural depopulation and climate change on vegetation, runoff and sediment load in the Gan River basin, China
Authors: Huang Lidong , Ye Aizhong , Tang Chongjun , Duan Qingyun , Zhang Yahai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Climate change and rural depopulation are changing the ecological and hydrological cycles in China. Data on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), temperature, precipitation, streamflow, sediment and rural population are available for the Gan River basin from 1981 to 2017. We investigated the spatio-temporal variations in climate, human activity and vegetation mainly using the Mann–Kendall test and examined their relationship using the Granger causality test. The results showed that (1) the temperature markedly increased in all seasons; (2) the precipitation increased in summer and winter but decreased in spring and autumn; (3) overall, the NDVI increased markedly during 2005–2017, but showed seasonal differences, with decreases in summer and winter and increases in spring and autumn; (4) the annual sediment transport showed a significant decreasing trend and (5) a large number of the population shifted from rural to urban areas, resulting in a decrease in the rural population between 1998 and 2018. Rural depopulation has brought about farmland abandonment, conversion of farmland to forests, which was the factor driving the recovery of the vegetation and the decrease in sediment. The results of this study can provide support for climate change adaptation and sustainable development.
The Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for SARSCoV2 and Computer-aided Synthesis ("Small Interfering RNA Design")
Authors: Mouhcine Mohammed , Kadil Youness , Filali Houda 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the Coronaviridae
family. Those viruses are a positive-sense and very long single-stranded RNA viruses. Infection-
related to SARS CoV2 was named as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization
on Mars 4, 2020.

Aim and Objective:
The objective of this work is the identification of potential vaccine targets of
SARS CoV2. We aim to provide the potential therapeutic target that can inhibit the spread of virus
and identify miRNAs, and reminding proposals to improving the effectiveness of these vaccines.

Methods:
Several clinical trials have been stated to design the management process against this pathology
and the most proposed drugs have been commercialized for other viral pathologies. Thus, no
specific therapeutic protocol has been established.

Results:
Our result showed that the potential molecules may specific region in the viral ARN and exert
an inhibitor activity against the viral transcription.

Conclusion:
We conclude throughout our results that several potential therapeutic targets can act at
different stages of the viral life cycle by identifying siRNA interfering with molecules that may inhibit
viral replication.
Central Composite Design for the Development and Evaluation of Floating-mucoadhesive Tablets of Gliclazide
Authors: Bansal Manoj , Verma Ravinder , Mittal Vineet , Kaushik Deepak 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Gliclazide assimilation rate from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is slow
and inconstant, which may be either due to poor dissolution or poor permeability of the drug
across the GI membrane.

Objective:
The present investigation deals with the formulation of floating-mucoadhesive tablets
of gliclazide for oral administration using the central composite design by direct compression
technique, using HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934 as release controlling polymers and sodium
bicarbonate as an effervescent agent.

Methods:
Central composite design was employed to quantify the effect of three factorsconcentration
of HPMC K4M (X1), the concentration of Carbopol 934 (X2), and concentration
of sodium bicarbonate (X3) on floating lag time, drug release and mucoadhesive time of the
formulation.

Results:
The results revealed that floating lag time decreases with a rise in the concentration of
sodium bicarbonate, drug release was highest at low levels of HPMC and Carbopol and mucoadhesive
time was highest at a high level of Carbopol.

Conclusion:
The optimized batch (F-7) shows a mucoadhesive time of 23 minutes 27 seconds,
floating lag time of 22 seconds and in vitro cumulative percentage of drug release 86.73 % in
10h. From the investigation, it can be summarized that the gastro-retentive drug delivery can be
utilized to enhance bioavailability and gastric residence time of the drugs.
Assessment of Potential Impacts of Peach Kernels and Cardoon as Co-Firing Fuels with Lignite Through Experiments on Reactivity and Ash Behavior
Authors: Vamvuka Despina , Avgoustidis Christos , Stratakis Antonios , Alevizos George 
Published: June 2020

Objective :
The reactivity and combustion performance of mixtures of lignite with
peach kernel and cardoon were investigated, through thermal analysis experiments, for assessing
the potential impacts of these wastes as co-firing fuels.

Methods:
Additionally, a control method was applied to reduce problematic elements from
biomass ashes in order to mitigate deposition phenomena in co-firing units. The results
showed that combustion performance of raw fuels followed the order cardoon>peach
kernel>lignite, however in case of blends, this order was reversed lignite/peach kernel>
lignite/cardoon, revealing synergistic effects between component fuels.

Results:
The combustion performance of lignite was improved by blending it with biomass
fuels. Deposition problems should be expected in boilers firing peach kernel and cardoon
fuels above 900°C.

Conclusion:
After alkalis leaching, the reactivity and efficiency of woody materials and
mixtures with lignite were enhanced, while the slagging/fouling propensity was reduced.