bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between genetic polymorphism of XRCC7 (G6721T) and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Farokhian Farnoush , Beyzaei Zahra , Ramzi Mani , Geramizadeh Bita 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The DNA non-homologous end joining repair gene XRCC7 is one of the most important genes in the DNA double-strand break (DSBs) repair. It is supposed that DNA repair gene malfunction is the main risk factor in various malignancies. The XRCC7 G6721T (rs7003908) polymorphism impact was investigated on the splicing regulation that cause mRNA instability. The goal of the present hospital-based study was to investigate the association between the common genetic polymorphism of XRCC7 G6721T (rs7003908) and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This hospital-based case–control study was performed on 99 ALL patients versus 200 healthy children, as the control group, which were frequent matched by age with cases. The polymorphism of XRCC7 was determined using an RFLP-PCR technique.

Results
The GT (OR = 1.485, 95% CI 0.765–2.334, P = 0.243) and TT (OR = 1.655, 95% CI 00.875–3.128, P = 0.121) genotypes had no significant effect on the risk of ALL, in comparison with the GG genotype. However, TT genotype (OR = 1.996, 95% CI 1.033–3.858, P = 0.04) after adjusting for the parents’ smoking pattern showed a significant impact.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the TT genotype may increase the ALL susceptibility in children when facing with a tobacco smoke.
Thioredoxin level and inflammatory markers in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Abd-Allah Naglaa A. , Ibrahim Ola M. , Elmalt Heba A. , Shehata Manal A. , Hamed Rania A. , Elsaadouni Nisrin M. , Hawary Bahaa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disabilities with unknown etiology. Recent studies suggest the contribution of immune dysfunction and oxidative stress in its pathophysiology. The present study aimed to investigate the serum level of thioredoxin (Trx), as a marker of oxidative stress and some inflammatory cytokines, and to evaluate their role in children with ASD.ResultsConcentrations of Trx, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly higher in children with ASD compared with matched controls. There were no association between cytokine levels and the severity of clinical manifestations, according to CARS classification of severity.ConclusionThe present study provides support for the idea that physiological abnormalities, such as oxidative stress and immune dysfunction, may contribute in the pathophysiology of ASD.
Clinical, laboratory and radiological assessment of skeletal maturation in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Ibrahim Rania S. M. , Shaker Christine William , Mira Marwa Farouk , Sedky Marwa Ahmed , Anwar Ghada Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Childhood obesity is related to multiple serious health problems and an enhanced risk of premature onset of diseases. The relation of skeletal maturation to obesity is undetermined. The study aims to evaluate skeletal maturation in children and adolescents with obesity, to correlate it with their anthropometric data, body fat content, BMI, fat mass and pubertal stage.

Results
Our study shows that obese children and adolescents have accelerated skeletal maturation compared to control normal-weight healthy subjects (mean skeletal age difference of 0.123 ± 0.67 years versus − 0.175 ± 0.32 years). Also, there were significant positive correlations between bone age and BMI (r = 0.435, P value 0.00).

Conclusion
The mean skeletal age difference was more in the obese group as compared to the control group and suggesting accelerated skeletal development in the obese group. It is important to assess skeletal maturity in growing patients to determine the best timing for orthopedic and orthodontic treatment around the growth spurt.
The use of Guedel Airway for Naso-Orogastric tube insertion in patients with COVID-19. A way to minimize aerosol generation
Authors: Shafiq Faraz , Kumar Dileep 
Published: May 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2765
How to cite this:Shafiq F, Kumar D. The use of Guedel Airway for Naso-Orogastric tube insertion in patients with COVID-19. A way to minimize aerosol generation. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S141. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2765
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases in the labrum of femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Schon Jason , Chahla Jorge , Paudel Sharada , Manandhar Lumanti , Feltham Tyler , Huard Johnny , Philippon Marc , Zhang Zijun 
Published: May 2020

Aims Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a potential cause of hip osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the labral tissue with FAI pathology. Methods In this study, labral tissues were collected from four FAI patients arthroscopically and from three normal hips of deceased donors. Proteins extracted from the FAI and normal labrums were separately applied for MMP array to screen the expression of seven MMPs and three tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The expression of individual MMPs and TIMPs was quantified by densitometry and compared between the FAI and normal labral groups. The expression of selected MMPs and TIMPs was validated and localized in the labrum with immunohistochemistry. Results On MMP arrays, most of the targeted MMPs and TIMPs were detected in the FAI and normal labral proteins. After data normalization, in comparison with the normal labral proteins, expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in the FAI group was increased and expression of TIMP-1 reduced. The histology of the FAI labrum showed disorderly cell distribution and altered composition of thick and thin collagen fibres. The labral cells expressing MMP-1 and MMP-2 were localized and their percentages were increased in the FAI labrum. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the percentage of TIMP-1 positive cells was reduced in the FAI labrum. Conclusion This study established an expression profile of MMPs and TIMPs in the FAI labrum. The increased expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 and reduced expression of TIMP-1 in the FAI labrum are indicative of a pathogenic role of FAI in hip OA development. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(4):173–181.
Intestinal methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureuscauses prosthetic infection via ‘Trojan Horse’ mechanism: Evidence from a rat model
Authors: Zhu Hongyi , Jin Hanqiang , Zhang Changqing , Yuan Ting 
Published: May 2020

AimsMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause wound infections via a ‘Trojan Horse’ mechanism, in which neutrophils engulf intestinal MRSA and travel to the wound, releasing MRSA after apoptosis. The possible role of intestinal MRSA in prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is unknown.MethodsRats underwent intestinal colonization with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged MRSA by gavage and an intra-articular wire was then surgically implanted. After ten days, the presence of PJI was determined by bacterial cultures of the distal femur, joint capsule, and implant. We excluded several other possibilities for PJI development. Intraoperative contamination was excluded by culturing the specimen obtained from surgical site. Extracellular bacteraemia-associated PJI was excluded by comparing with the infection rate after intravenous injection of MRSA or MRSA-carrying neutrophils. To further support this theory, we tested the efficacy of prophylactic membrane-permeable and non-membrane-permeable antibiotics in this model.ResultsAfter undergoing knee surgery eight or 72 hours after colonization, five out of 20 rats (25.0%) and two out of 20 rats (10.0%) developed PJI, respectively. Strikingly, 11 out of 20 rats (55.0%) developed PJI after intravenous injection of MRSA-carrying neutrophils that were isolated from rats with intestinal MRSA colonization. None of the rats receiving intravenous injections of MRSA developed PJI. These results suggest that intestinal MRSA carried by neutrophils could cause PJI in our rat model. Ten out of 20 (50.0%) rats treated with non-membrane-permeable gentamicin developed PJI, whereas only one out of 20 (5.0%) rats treated with membrane-permeable linezolid developed PJI.ConclusionNeutrophils as carriers of intestinal MRSA may play an important role in PJI development. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(4):152–161.
Metaphyseal cones in revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Xie Shuqiao , Conlisk Noel , Hamilton David , Scott Chloe , Burnett Richard , Pankaj Pankaj 
Published: May 2020

AimsMetaphyseal tritanium cones can be used to manage the tibial bone loss commonly encountered at revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). Tibial stems provide additional fixation and are generally used in combination with cones. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the stems in the overall stability of tibial implants when metaphyseal cones are used for rTKA.MethodsThis computational study investigates whether stems are required to augment metaphyseal cones at rTKA. Three cemented stem scenarios (no stem, 50 mm stem, and 100 mm stem) were investigated with 10 mm-deep uncontained posterior and medial tibial defects using four loading scenarios designed to mimic activities of daily living.ResultsSmall micromotions (mean < 12 µm) were found to occur at the bone-implant interface for all loading cases with or without a stem. Stem inclusion was associated with lower micromotion, however these reductions were too small to have any clinical significance. Peak interface micromotion, even when the cone is used without a stem, was too small to effect osseointegration. The maximum difference occurred with stair descent loading. Stress concentrations in the bone occurred around the inferior aspect of each implant, with the largest occurring at the end of the long stem; these may lead to end-of-stem pain. Stem use is also found to result in stress shielding in the bone along the stem.ConclusionWhen a metaphyseal cone is used at rTKA to manage uncontained posterior or medial defects of up to 10 mm depth, stem use may not be necessary. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(4):162–172.
The combination of silver-containing hydroxyapatite coating and vancomycin has a synergistic antibacterial effect on methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm formation
Authors: Hashimoto Akira , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Kobatake Tomoki , Nakashima Takema , Shobuike Takeo , Ueno Masaya , Murakami Takayuki , Noda Iwao , Sonohata Motoki , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: May 2020

AimsBiofilm formation is intrinsic to prosthetic joint infection (PJI). In the current study, we evaluated the effects of silver-containing hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) coating and vancomycin (VCM) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm formation.MethodsPure titanium discs (Ti discs), Ti discs coated with HA (HA discs), and 3% Ag-HA discs developed using a thermal spraying were inoculated with MRSA suspensions containing a mean in vitro 4.3 (SD 0.8) x 106or 43.0 (SD 8.4) x 105colony-forming units (CFUs). Immediately after MRSA inoculation, sterile phosphate-buffered saline or VCM (20 µg/ml) was added, and the discs were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Viable cell counting, 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy with Airyscan, and scanning electron microscopy were then performed. HA discs and Ag HA discs were implanted subcutaneously in vivo in the dorsum of rats, and MRSA suspensions containing a mean in vivo 7.2 (SD 0.4) x 106  or 72.0 (SD 4.2) x 105  CFUs were inoculated on the discs. VCM was injected subcutaneously daily every 12 hours followed by viable cell counting.ResultsBiofilms that formed on HA discs were thicker and larger than those on Ti discs, whereas those on Ag-HA discs were thinner and smaller than those on Ti discs. Viable bacterial counts in vivo revealed that Ag-HA combined with VCM was the most effective treatment.ConclusionAg-HA with VCM has a potential synergistic effect in reducing MRSA biofilm formation and can thus be useful for preventing and treating PJI. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(5):211–218.
Tilted black-Si: ∼0.45 form-birefringence from sub-wavelength needles
Authors: Gailevičius Darius , Ryu Meguya , Honda Reo , Lundgaard Stefan , Suzuki Tai , Maksimovic Jovan , Hu Jingwen , Linklater Denver P. , Ivanova Elena P. , Katkus Tomas , Anand Vijayakumar , Malinauskas Mangirdas , Nishijima Yoshiaki , Hock Ng Soon , Staliūnas Kȩstutis , Morikawa Junko , Juodkazis Saulius 
Published: May 2020

The self-organised conical needles produced by plasma etching of silicon (Si), known as black silicon (b-Si), create a form-birefringent surface texture when etching of Si orientated at angles of θ
i
< 50 − 70° (angle between the Si surface and vertical plasma E-field). The height of the needles in the form-birefringent region following 15 min etching was d ∼ 200 nm and had a 100 μm width of the optical retardance/birefringence, characterised using polariscopy. The height of the b-Si needles corresponds closely to the skin-depth of Si ∼λ/4 for the visible spectral range. Reflection-type polariscope with a voltage-controlled liquid-crystal retarder is proposed to directly measure the retardance Δn × d/λ ≈ 0.15 of the region with tilted b-Si needles. The quantified form birefringence of Δn = −0.45 over λ = 400 − 700 nm spectral window was obtained. Such high values of Δn at visible wavelengths can only be observed in the most birefringence calcite or barium borate as well as in liquid crystals. The replication of b-Si into Ni-shim with high fidelity was also demonstrated and can be used for imprinting of the b-Si nanopattern into other materials.
Pueblos indígenas, estado y universidad: Tensiones, oportunidades y desafíos. El caso de la Escuela de Idiomas Indígenas (Región Metropolitana, Chile)
Authors: Sánchez Silvia Castillo , Bustos Reyes Carlos , Mayo Simona , Soto Jorge , Vargas Paillahueque Cristian 
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo problematiza la relación entre Universidad, Pueblos Indígenas y Estado a partir de una experiencia comunitaria orientada a revitalizar las cuatro lenguas indígenas con mayor vitalidad en Chile (aymara, quechua, rapa nui y mapudungun). Las voces de estudiantes y docentes indígenas, funcionarios(as) del Estado y académicos(as), en esta oportunidad, se reúnen y encuentran desde su diferencia, tensiones y aproximaciones en un proyecto colaborativo, que recoge las reflexiones y aprendizajes en torno a esta experiencia educativa. El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar las percepciones de los tres actores mencionados sobre esta iniciativa conjunta, enfatizando en las siguientes dimensiones: a) propósitos y sentidos; y b) características de la relación entre actores. Los principales hallazgos explicitan nudos problemáticos y aspectos claves respecto de la acción conjunta, en particular, oportunidades y desafíos para la configuración de nuevos espacios relacionales.
Reconhecer e valorizar os saberes e práticas indígenas
Authors: Beltrao Kaizo Iwakami , Angnes Juliane Sachser 
Published: May 2020

Este dossiê apresenta resultados de estudos que vislumbram experiências dos povos indígenas na tarefa de satisfazer suas necessidades específicas na educação escolar indígena e da educação indígena, incorporando a partir disso, sua história, crenças, sistema de valores e cultura organizacional. A trajetória sócio-histórica para que os povos indígenas possam conquistar sua autonomia pedagógica envolve a apropriação dos processos educativos que se encontram vinculados tanto a educação escolar indígena, quanto a educação indígena (processos próprios de aprendizagem). Para os povos indígenas, este caminho poderia parecer simples, em um primeiro momento, em razão do novo paradigma da educação escolar indígena que privilegia a diversidade cultural. Entretanto, à medida que os indígenas avançam em direção à consecução dos seus próprios projetos de conquista esbarram em várias questões de ordem burocráticas e dificultosas. Neste sentido, as orientações aqui apresentadas não traduzem toda a complexidade dos cenários em que se encontram as populações indígenas do Brasil e da América Latina, tampouco as múltiplas facetas que podem assumir. Todavia, esperamos que os estudos aqui socializados possam auxiliar e ampliar as reflexões, além de servir como um convite para que cada vez mais as populações indígenas tenham visibilidade nos meios acadêmicos científicos.
Pengaruh pemberian asi eksklusif dan non eksklusif terhadap mental emosional anak usia 3-4 tahun
Authors: Setyarini Any , Mexitalia Maria , Margawati Ani 
Published: May 2020

Background: Breastmilk is the best food contains all the elements of required nutrients for infant aged 0-6 months, and the attachment of the breastfeeding process give better of growth and mental emotional development of the infant. Less attachment between mother and infant caused mental emotional disorders, that affect to the next period of child’s development..Objective : The objective of this research was to analyze the differences of influence of exclusive breastfeeding and non exclusive brestfeeding history on child’s emotional mental age of 3-4 years as well as analyze the most dominant variables. Method: This was an observational analitic research with cross sectional approach. The subjects consisted of 84 children aged 3-4 years, living Banyumanik subdistrict Semarang, taken by purposive sampling and grouped into exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding. The data was collected by questionnaire, and the analysis using chi square and logistic regression.Result: The study showed that most of children with exclusively breastfed had good mental emotional (76.2%), while children who did not get exclusively breastfed had a mental emotional problem (64.3%). There were relations between breastfeeding (p=0,001), mother’s knowledge (p=0,001), mother’s attitude (p=0,001), and mother’s education level (p=0,029) to children’s mental emotional. Education level of mother was the most influence variable for child’s emotional mental after addjusted with mother’s knowledge, mother’s attitude, mother’s education level, and birth weight of children.Conclusion: Breastfeeding history, mother’s knowledge, mother’s attitude, and mother’s education level were factors that influencing to children’s mental emotional
MicroRNA-92a promotes proliferation and invasiveness of gastric cancer cell by targeting FOXO1 gene
Authors: Yu Jiawei , Ni Qingfeng , Zhang Shu , Hua Ruheng , Tao Ran , Tang Chong , Feng Shichun 
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of miRNA-92a on GC cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, and the mechanism(s) involved. Four GC cell lines (SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN45 and HGC-27) and normal human gastric epithelial cells (GES1) were used in this study. MicroRNA-92a mimics or inhibitor were transfected into the cells. The results of transfection were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and apoptosis were determined using cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), scratch test, Transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The protein target of miRNA-92a was predicted using Bioinformatics. The expression of FOXO1 protein was measured using Western blotting. The expression of miRNA-92a was significantly upregulated in GC cells, relative to normal gastric epithelial cells (p < 0.05). Overexpression of miRNA-92a significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of GC cells, but significantly inhibited their apoptosis (p < 0.05). MicroRNA-92a directly targeted FOXO1 gene, and significantly reduced its protein expression. Overexpression of miRNA-92a promotes the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of GC cells, and plays a role similar to that of oncogene. It directly targets FOXO1 gene by inhibiting its protein expression.
Antitumor mechanism of MAP30 in bladder cancer T24 cells, and its potential toxic effects in mice
Authors: Shi Zhenduo , Pang Kun , Yang Wen , Zhou Jiahe , Dong Bingzheng , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhao Yan , Han Conghui , Hao Lin 
Published: May 2020

To investigate the antitumor mechanism of MAP30 in human bladder cell line (T24) and its potential toxic effects in mice. In this study, the biological behavior of MAP30's influence on bladder cell was investigated to reveal the antitumor mechanism and role of MAP30 in bladder cancer. MAP30 gene sequence optimized by gene synthesis codon was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a to produce a large amount of target protein in Escherichia coli. The protein product was obtained after purification. Membrane hydration method was used to prepare MAP30 liposome in order to enhance its membrane permeability. The effects of MAP30 on the viability, apoptosis and migration of T24 cell were assessed using 3"‘(4,5"‘dimethyl"‘thiazol"‘2"‘yl)"‘2,5"‘diphenyl"‘2H"‘tetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometric and TUNEL assays, respectively. Mice were transfected with bladder cancer cells for 48 h. The expressions of apoptotic and non-apoptotic proteins were determined using Western blotting. Changes in tumor volume and occurrence of metastasis were assessed using luciferase assay. After 7 days, liver and kidney were excised for histological examination. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH), and activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in serum or homogenate using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The yield of MAP30 after purification was significantly increased. The results of MTT assay showed that MAP30 significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation and migration of T24 cells (p < 0.05). The prepared liposomes had uniform hydrated particle size of 132.6 nm, with encapsulation efficiency of 78 %. The inhibitory effect of MAP30 liposome on T24 cells was significantly higher than that of MAP30, and MAP30 significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (p < 0.05). Western blotting showed that MAP30 significantly promoted the expression of caspase 3 (p < 0.05), but did not significantly affect the expressions of bcl-2 and bax (p > 0.05). It also significantly down-regulated the expressions of NF-kB, JNK and MMP2 (p < 0.05). Tumor formation was significantly inhibited, and tumor volume reduced in bladder cancer-bearing mice after treatment with MAP30 (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed that MAP30 induced mild histological changes in the liver and kidney of mice, and significantly increased the level of MDA at day 1 (p < 0.05). It also significantly and time-dependently increased ROS, but reduced GSH levels and activities of catalase and GPx (p < 0.05). However, MAP30 had no significant effect on DNA (p > 0.05). The apoptotic effect of MAP30 in T24 cells is mediated via activation of caspase-3 signaling pathway. The protein produces mild histological changes in the liver and kidney of mice, but has no significant effect on DNA.