bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability‐indicating ultra performance liquid chromatography method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of metformin, linagliptin, and empagliflozin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Vankalapati Krishna Rao , Alegete Pallavi , Boodida Sathyanarayana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA rapid stability‐indicating reversed phase‐ultrapure liquid chromatography (RP‐UPLC) was developed and validated for the estimation of metformin (MET), linagliptin (LIN), and empagliflozin (EMP) combination in bulk and tablet dosage form using Kromasil C18column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) as a stationary phase and a mixture solution of 40% phosphate buffer (pH = 3) and 60% acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The detection was performed at 248 nm using a photodiode array detector. The linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, specificity, precision, and accuracy were determined. The peak area response–concentration curve was rectilinear over the range of 50–150 (MET), 5–15 (LIN), and 10–30 μg/mL (EMP) with quantitation limits of 0.042 (MET), 0.023 (LIN), and 0.059 μg/mL (EMP). The proposed method was successfully validated for the determination of MET, LIN, and EMP simultaneously in combined tablet dosage form. The performance of the proposed method was compared with reported RP‐UPLC methods and found to be rapid and economical. The developed and validated stability‐indicating RP‐UPLC method was appropriate for the quality control and drug analysis.
Which features of postural sway are effective in distinguishing Parkinson's disease from controls? A systematic review
Authors: Ge Wenbo , Lueck Christian J. , Apthorp Deborah , Suominen Hanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostural sway may be useful as an objective measure of Parkinson's disease (PD). Existing studies have analyzed many different features of sway using different experimental paradigms. We aimed to determine what features have been used to measure sway and then to assess which feature(s) best differentiate PD patients from controls. We also aimed to determine whether any refinements might improve discriminative power and so assist in standardizing experimental conditions and analysis of data.MethodsIn this systematic review of the literature, effect size (ES) was calculated for every feature reported by each article and then collapsed across articles where appropriate. The influence of clinical medication status, visual state, and sampling rate on ES was also assessed.ResultsFour hundred and forty‐three papers were retrieved. 25 contained enough information for further analysis. The most commonly used features were not the most effective (e.g., PathLength, used 14 times, had ES of 0.47, while TotalEnergy, used only once, had ES of 1.78). Increased sampling rate was associated with increased ES (PathLength ES increased to 1.12 at 100 Hz from 0.40 at 10 Hz). Measurement during “OFF” clinical status was associated with increased ES (PathLength ES was 0.83 OFF compared to 0.21 ON).ConclusionsThis review identified promising features for analysis of postural sway in PD, recommending a sampling rate of 100 Hz and studying patients when OFF to maximize ES. ES complements statistical significance as it is clinically relevant and is easily compared across experiments. We suggest that machine learning is a promising tool for the future analysis of postural sway in PD.
Do independent, female and specialist directors promote eco‐innovation and eco‐design in agri‐food firms?
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel , Zafra‐Gómez José‐Luis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEco‐innovation and eco‐design strategies are associated with firms' innovation capabilities. Moreover, they may impact on access to public subsidies and on financial performance. In this respect, the agri‐food industry is especially vulnerable, because in general, this sector has less experience of technological innovation, and managers are more likely to be averse to such projects. On the other hand, the board may promote a proactive environmental approach to defend the interests of investors and other stakeholders, taking the view that these strategies reduce the environmental impact of the firm's products and its production processes and are therefore beneficial. Our study aim is to identify the profile of directors who may be favourable to eco‐design and eco‐innovation strategies, focusing on the traits of independence, gender diversity and environmental specialisation. The results obtained, from a dependence model based on panel data supplied by 321 agri‐food companies for the period 2002–2017 (unbalanced panel data with 4878 observations), show that independent directors play a crucial role in implementing eco‐innovation and eco‐design projects. However, neither the diversity nor the specialisation of directors is a significant factor in this regard.
High Volumetric Energy Density Asymmetric Fibrous Supercapacitors with Coaxial Structure Based on Graphene/MnO2 Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Wu Guiqing , Yang Xinyu , Hou Chengyi , Li Yaogang , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the performance of the fibrous supercapacitors to be more suitable for practical application, we prepared graphene/MnO2 hybrid fibers by doping MnO2 nanorods into graphene fibers through a simple wet spinning method, in which MnO2 act as the pseudocapacitive materials. This hybrid fiber electrode shows a wide potential window of −0.2–1 V and a high volume specific capacitance of 473 F cm−3. Based on these hybrid fibers, we fabricated asymmetric fibrous supercapacitors with coaxial structure. In the coaxial device, the internal electrode is graphene/MnO2 hybrid fiber, while the external electrode is graphene coated by dip coating method. The volume specific capacitance and the volumetric energy density of the coaxial device reaches up to 24 F cm−3 and 8.44 mWh cm−3, respectively, 200 % higher than these of the twisting device. The coaxial structure had not only decreased the charge transfer resistance between the two electrodes, but also increased the volume utilization rate of the devices. Therefore, this type of high volumetric energy density asymmetric fibrous supercapacitors has a wide range of applications in portable and flexible electronics and intelligent fabrics.
Predicting risk of multiple levels of recurrence and progression after initial diagnosis of nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer in a multisite, community‐based cohort
Authors: Garg Tullika , McMullen Carmit K. , Leo Michael C. , O’Keeffe‐Rosetti Maureen C. , Weinmann Sheila , Nielsen Matthew E. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundNonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has heterogeneous recurrence and progression outcomes. Available risk calculators estimate recurrence and progression but do not predict the recurrence stage or grade, which may influence downstream treatment. The objective of this study was to predict risk‐stratified NMIBC recurrence and progression based on recurrence tumor classification and grade.MethodsIn total, 2956 patients with NMIBC (<T2) who were diagnosed at Kaiser Permanente Northwest and Geisinger from 1994 to 2015 were identified. Recurrences were annotated for tumor classification and grade. Four risk‐stratified outcomes were created based on the tumor classification and grade of the recurrence: 1) any recurrence, 2) intermediate‐risk recurrence (Ta high grade, carcinoma in situ, T1 low grade) or higher, 3) high‐risk recurrence (T1 high grade) or progression (clinical T2), and 4) progression. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute 1‐year and 5‐year risk estimates for each outcome based on initial tumor classification and grade.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 29.4 months, there were 1062 recurrences (35.9%), including 111 progressions (3.8%). The adjusted hazard of high‐risk recurrence or progression increased, depending on initial tumor classification and grade: The adjusted hazard ratio was 2.60 (95% CI, 1.62‐4.15) for Ta high‐grade tumors, 4.74 (95% CI, 3.01‐7.47) for tumor in situ or Ta with carcinoma in situ, and 7.14 (95% CI, 4.97‐10.26) T1 high‐grade tumors. Using Ta high‐grade tumors as an example, the 1‐year and 5‐year predicted rates of adjusted risk of a high‐risk recurrence or progression were 4.4% and 7.9%, respectively.ConclusionsThe 1‐year and 5‐year predicted risk of high‐risk recurrences and progression increased with higher tumor classification and grade at diagnosis. These granular risk estimates may further inform risk‐stratified treatment and surveillance for patients with NMIBC.
Coated Latex Beads as Artificial Cells for Quantitative Investigations of Receptor/Ligand Interactions
Authors: Urlaub Doris , Watzl Carsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCellular interactions are often essential to regulate immune cell activities during an immune response. To understand the details of this process, it is necessary to study individual receptor/ligand interactions in a quantitative fashion. However, this is often very difficult or even impossible when using real cells for stimulation. Here, we present a method to use cell‐sized latex beads for such studies. These beads can be coated with agonistic antibodies or specific ligands in a defined and quantifiable fashion. This creates the possibility of titrating the strength of the stimulation for a specific receptor in a three‐dimensional system. Using natural killer (NK) cells as an example, we demonstrate how these beads can be used to stimulate NK cell responses. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Covalent coating of latex beads with antibodiesBasic Protocol 2: Quantification of the amount of antibodies on the beads with the QIFIKIT®Alternate Protocol 1: Covalent coating of latex beads with streptavidin to bind biotinylated proteinsAlternate Protocol 2: Quantification of the amount of protein on the beads with the QIFIKIT®Support Protocol: Functional testing of the beads in a natural killer cell degranulation assay
Nitrogen uptake and utilization in advanced fresh‐market red potato breeding lines
Authors: Jones Colin R. , Michaels Thomas E. , Schmitz Carley Cari , Rosen Carl J. , Shannon Laura M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production on sandy soils requires added N. Only 40–60% of the applied N is acquired by the crop. Increased N use efficiency (NUE) and its components, N utilization efficiency (NUtE) and N uptake efficiency (NUpE), could reduce fertilizer rates and environmental losses. We compared N efficiency in fresh‐market red potato varieties, in terms of yield and quality traits, and examined potential mechanisms for that efficiency including uptake, utilization, and increased root growth. We grew selections from a red potato breeding population and commercial varieties under two N rates: 101 and 202 kg N ha−1. We compared NUE, NUpE, and NUtE in low and high N. We compared root phenotypes at tuber initiation and yield and skin quality metrics at harvest. Values for NUtE correlated with NUE and yield in low N and NUpE correlated with NUE and yield in high N. Low‐N conditions produced smaller tubers, while high N resulted primarily in medium tubers. Nitrogen did not affect skinning and redness but low N did result in slightly lighter skin color. Total root mass 45 d after planting (DAP) correlated with final yield and NUE but did not correlate with measures of N uptake across treatments. Larger roots correlated with NUpE only in the high‐N treatment. Selection under low N may reveal NUE and expose more stable representations of the genetic components of skin quality phenotypes. While skinning and skin color were more variable among varieties in low N, within variety they exhibited year‐to‐year consistency.
Microporous Organic Polymers: A Synthetic Platform for Engineering Heterogeneous Carbocatalysts
Authors: Ji Kim Hea , Bong Choi Go , Wee Jae‐Hyung , Hong Seungki , Park Jieun , Ahm Kim Yoong , Kim Hyungwoo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe conceptual, bottom‐up design of functional carbon materials from microporous organic polymers was investigated. Owing to their structural rigidity and synthetic flexibility, the porous polymers streamlined the thermal carbonization process while excluding the need for exogenous additives or extra synthesis procedures and allowed for simultaneous elemental engineering of the resultant carbonaceous materials. As designed, heteroatoms such as nitrogen and sulfur could be uniformly incorporated into the carbon matrices from the microporous polymers during thermal carbonization with a concomitant change in the macroscopic properties of the materials. In particular, doping with sulfur atoms could provide reactive sites, thereby conferring superior catalytic performance to the carbon materials. This study demonstrates expansion of the capability of microporous polymers as a functional carbon source and advances the synthetic concept for carbonaceous materials.
Preschoolers’ dynamic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) change during a challenging parent‐child interactive task: Relations with preschoolers’ socioemotional health
Authors: West Kara B. , Shaffer Anne , Wickrama Kandauda. A. S. , Han Zhuo Rachel , Suveg Cynthia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRespiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a biomarker of physiological functioning that has been implicated in self‐regulatory processes and shown to relate to children's socioemotional health. RSA is a dynamic process reflecting an individual's response to their environment; thus, temporally sensitive methods are critical to better understanding this self‐regulatory process in different contexts. Prior work has studied young children's RSA change in the context of emotion clips and interactions with a stranger. The present study meaningfully expanded upon this work by examining: (a) preschoolers’ dynamic RSA change during a challenging task with their mothers, and (b) factors that may explain variability in children's dynamic RSA change. Preschoolers (N = 108; Mage = 3.56 years) and their mothers from diverse backgrounds completed a challenging activity together while children's physiological activity was monitored. Mothers reported on children's positive affect, parent emotional support, and family cohesion and indicators of socioemotional health. Children's positive affect and family cohesion explained variability in children's dynamic RSA change, which concurrently related to better socioemotional health. This study advances research and theory on biological correlates implicated in the development of children's self‐regulation and furthers our understanding of factors that may support children's developing self‐regulation at the physiological level.
Biotic and abiotic effects on density, body size, sex ratio, and survival in immature stages of the European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio
Authors: Garnas Jeff R. , Vann Katie E. , Hurley Brett P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResource quality can have direct or indirect effects on female oviposition choice, offspring growth and survival, and ultimately on body size and sex ratio. We examined these patterns in Sirex noctilio Fabricus, the globally invasive European pine woodwasp, in South African Pinus patula plantations. We studied how tree position as well as natural variation in biotic and abiotic factors influenced sex‐specific density, larval size, tunnel length, male proportion, and survival across development. Twenty infested trees divided into top, middle, and bottom sections were sampled at three time points during larval development. We measured moisture content, bluestain fungal colonization, and co‐occurring insect density and counted, measured, and sexed all immature wasps. A subset of larval tunnels was measured to assess tunnel length and resource use efficiency (tunnel length as a function of immature wasp size). Wasp density increased from the bottoms to the tops of trees for both males and females. However, the largest individuals and the longest tunnels were found in bottom sections. Male bias was strong (~10:1) and likewise differed among sections, with the highest proportion in the middle and top sections. Sex ratios became more strongly male biased due to high female mortality, especially in top and middle sections. Biotic and abiotic factors such as colonization by Diplodia sapinea, weevil (Pissodes sp.) density, and wood moisture explained modest residual variation in our primary mixed effects models (0%–22%). These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of sex‐specific resource quality for S. noctilio and of how variation in key biotic and abiotic factors can influence body size, sex ratio, and survival in this economically important woodwasp.
Cross‐domain bearing fault diagnosis with refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy and the self organizing fuzzy classifier
Authors: Gituku Esther W. , Kimotho James K. , Njiri Jackson G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, the use of refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy (RCMFE) for cross‐domain diagnosis of bearings is introduced and verified with two publicly available datasets of varying operating conditions, a factor that challenges the diagnostic ability of trained models. For classification, the self organizing fuzzy (SOF) classifier is used. The diagnostic framework which primarily only involves extracting RCMFE feature and training the SOF classifier, is able to detect and isolate faults with over 97% accuracy when the classes are comprised of a single fault type and size. Compared to related works, the proposed approach does not require deep learning for feature extraction nor any domain adaptation technique as the RCMFE feature is robust against changing operating conditions. Furthermore, the method does not need target domain data during training. With regard to fault isolation, when the classes in the training data contain all the available fault sizes instead of a single size, the classifier can distinguish inner race faults from outer race and ball fault with an average accuracy of 96%. However, the accuracy for differentiating ball and outer race faults falls slightly to an average of 86%. Thus even for the latter arrangement which poses a tougher transfer learning problem, the proposed approach still performs very well.
An enhanced multi‐objective differential evolution algorithm for dynamic environmental economic dispatch of power system with wind power
Authors: Bai Yingjie , Wu Xuedong , Xia Aiming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDynamic environmental economic dispatch (DEED) with wind power is an important extension of the classical environmental economic dispatch (EED) problem, which could provide reasonable scheduling scheme to minimize the pollution emission and economic cost at the same time. In this study, the combined dynamic scheduling of thermal power and wind power is carried out with pollutant emission and economic cost as optimization objectives; meanwhile, the valve‐point effect, power balance, ramp rate, and other constraints are taken into consideration. In order to solve the DEED problem, an enhanced multi‐objective differential evolution algorithm (EMODE) is proposed, which adopts the superiority of feasible solution (SF) and nondominated sorting (NDS) two selection strategies to improve the optimization effect. The suggested algorithm combines the total constraint violation and penalty function to deal with various constraints, due to different constraint techniques could be effective during different stages of searching process, and this method could ensure that each individual in the Pareto front (PF) is feasible. The results show that the proposed algorithm can deal with DEED problem with wind power effectively, and provide better dynamic scheduling scheme for power system.
Maize‐based intercropping systems achieve higher productivity and profitability with lesser environmental footprint in a water‐scarce region of northwest China
Authors: Sun Tao , Zhao Cai , Feng Xiaomin , Yin Wen , Gou Zhiwen , Lal Rattan , Deng Aixing , Chai Qiang , Song Zhenwei , Zhang Weijian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlobal agriculture is facing multiple challenges to meet the food demands, optimize resource utilization, and mitigate the climate change. A field study, combined with the life cycle assessment (LCA), was conducted to select the effective and sustainable cropping systems in northwestern China. The study compared four maize‐based intercropping and corresponding monoculture systems on crop yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE), profitability, and carbon footprint (CF). Maize/wheat intercropping had the highest energy yield (532.5 GJ/ha, on average) and maize equivalent energy yield (MEEY) (522.3 G/ha, on average), followed by those from the maize/rape intercropping system, and the lowest by the sole potato system. The WUE of maize equivalent energy yield (WUEMEEY) was the highest (1.06 GJ ha−1 mm−1) for sole rape system, followed by those for the maize/wheat and maize/rape intercropping systems. Maize/potato intercropping had the highest benefit: cost ratio at 3.30, followed by those for the maize/wheat intercropping (2.58), sole potato (2.57), and maize/rape intercropping (2.53). Lower CF and higher net ecosystem economic budget (NEEB) were observed in maize‐based intercropping systems. The maize/wheat intercropping system had the lowest CF per maize equivalent energy yield (CFm) (10.7 kg CO2‐eq GJ−1 year−1), and the maize/potato intercropping system had the lowest CF per unit economic output (CFe) (0.14 kg CO2‐eq US$−1 year−1), and the highest NEEB (7,352.8 US$/ha). The data presented indicate that maize‐based intercropping system may be a viable practice for the synthesized goals of higher productivity and profitability while lesser environmental footprint in a water‐scarce region of northwest China.
Innovation, aging, and health care: Unraveling “silver” from “red” herrings?
Authors: Costa‐Font Joan , Levaggi Rosella 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis perspective paper argues that a sustainable health system design encompasses identifying opportunities and incentives for innovation, alongside an analysis of its effect on expenditure. Although aging alone is not a powerful cost driver, the combined effect of costly innovation, personalized care, and the rise of chronic conditions is. We identify an increasing role of prevention, the reduction of the prevalence of chronic conditions, re‐organisation of incentives in health care markerts, including a closer scrutiny of the appropriateness of new treatments.