bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Collective Good at a Time of Medical Narcissism
Authors: Sabatello Maya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNot a single day goes by without some news about personalized medicine, especially in its genomic context (precision medicine). In tandem with the scientific excitement, however, come the cautionary notes. These include worries about Big Brother surveillance, concerns about the impact of genomic results on the psychosocial well‐being of patients and research subjects, and attention to issues of social and distributive justice. Personalised Medicine, Individual Choice and the Common Good, coedited by Britta van Beers, Sigrid Sterckx, and Donna Dickenson, falls squarely into this discourse with an aim to “fuel and stimulate the debate about personalised medicine and enable its participants to come to a more balanced understanding of the interests and values at stake.” At its core, the book laments the shift from “We Medicine” to “Me Medicine,” with ostensibly all authors highlighting that, on balance, the costs associated with “Me Medicine” far outweigh the benefits. This is both a strength and a weakness of the book.
Chemical reaction and Dufour effects on nonlinear free convection heat and mass transfer flow near a vertical moving porous plate
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Sarki Muhammad N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA theoretical analysis is made for steady fully developed free convection and mass transfer flow near an infinite vertical moving porous plate by taking into consideration the first‐order chemical reaction and Dufour effects. The mathematical model responsible for the present physical situation is based on the nonlinear density variation with temperature as well as nonlinear density variation with concentration. Exact solutions are derived for heat mass and momentum equations under relevant boundary conditions. The dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration are presented in terms of exponential functions. The impact of controlling parameters such as Dufour number (diffusion thermo effect), chemical reaction parameter, Prandlt number, Schmidt number, on velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, and skin friction are discussed with the aid of line graphs, contours, and tables. The analysis of the result shows that Nusselt number, skin friction, and velocity increases with increase in Dufour number. Furthermore, velocity and skin friction are higher in case of nonlinear convection in comparison to linear convection.
Towards e‐judicial services in Malawi: Implications for justice delivery
Authors: Chawinga Winner Dominic , Chawinga Chaupe , Kapondera Sellina Khumbo , Chipeta George Theodore , Majawa Felix , Nyasulu Chimango 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn Malawi, the judiciary rolled out an electronic case management system in 2015 in response to the ongoing public sector reforms being championed by the Malawi Government. In this study, we employed the information systems (IS) success model to systematically investigate the benefits that an electronic case management system has brought about to the judiciary of Malawi. Specifically, three themes are pursued as follows: the services offered through an electronic case management system in the judiciary of Malawi; benefits of an electronic case management system; and challenges affecting the use of an electronic case management system in the judiciary of Malawi. Methodologically, the study is guided by a survey design and a questionnaire was used to collect data from various staff in the judiciary including judges, court clerks, court registrars, and information technology personnel. The study reveals that the implementation of an electronic case management system has impacted positively on the security of court files by easing the tracking and retrieving of case files thereby contributing to efficiency in justice delivery. However, the implementation of an electronic case management system has not been spared from challenges, which include frequent loss of network and poor Internet connection.
Providers' knowledge and perceptions regarding antibiotic stewardship and antibiotic prescribing in rural primary care clinics
Authors: Kufel Wesley D. , Mastro Keri A. , Mogle Bryan T. , Williams Karen S. , Jester James , Snyder John , Lubowski Teresa , Bohan KarenBeth H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundVariation in providers' education and training may contribute to potential antibiotic overprescribing in outpatient settings. Providers in rural settings may not be exposed to or have similar resources readily available as those in urban settings, or be affiliated with academic medical centers. Thus, we sought to evaluate providers' knowledge and perceptions towards antibiotic stewardship (AS) and antibiotic prescribing in rural primary care clinics.MethodsA cross‐sectional, multicenter, electronic survey assessing providers' knowledge and perceptions towards AS and antibiotic prescribing was distributed to family medicine and internal medicine clinic providers in rural New York and Pennsylvania.ResultsSeventy responses were included resulting in a survey response rate of 33.5% (70/209) with 42.9%, 30%, and 27.1% of responses from physicians, advanced practice providers, and resident physicians, respectively. The most common barrier to improving antibiotic prescribing was patient demands (54.3%). Providers felt more pressured to prescribe antibiotics based on appointment visits of ≤20 minutes compared with >20 minutes (46.4% vs 7.1%, P = .006), as well as those that encountered ≥50 patients in a week compared with <50 patients (55% vs 16.7%, P = .001). All providers strongly agreed or agreed that antibiotics are overprescribed and inappropriate antibiotic use can lead to resistance. However, only 42.9% of providers selected correctly that 90% to 98% of rhinosinusitis are viral and only 5.7% recommended supportive care without antibiotics. Ten percent of providers never heard of AS, yet most providers (84.3%) were interested in receiving more AS education. Importantly, most providers (57.1%, 40/70) indicated that pharmacists were useful resources to assist in appropriate antibiotic prescribing.ConclusionsVariability exists among providers' knowledge and perceptions towards AS and antibiotic prescribing in rural primary care clinics, yet most providers are interested in additional AS education. Pharmacists are well‐positioned to educate providers and implement initiatives related to AS and appropriate antibiotic prescribing.
Economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services in the United States: 2011‐2017
Authors: Talon Brian , Perez Alexandra , Yan Connie , Alobaidi Ali , Zhang Katherine H. , Schultz Bob G. , Suda Katie J. , Touchette Daniel R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudies evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) are needed to justify implementation and reimbursement. Through a systematic review, we describe services provided by pharmacists and their economic outcomes. We conducted a literature search of published studies in PubMed, Ovid, and Embase from January 2011 through December 2017. Manuscripts evaluating a CPS with patient‐level economic outcomes and conducted in the United States were included. Study risks of bias were classified by study design characteristics. Economic evaluations were classified according to the presence of a comparator, and cost and outcome measures included. The quality of full economic evaluations was assessed using the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize CPS characteristics. After screening, 115 studies were included. Type of service provided included general pharmacotherapy (41%), disease management (30%), and targeted drug program (17%). Settings included hospital (34%), ambulatory care (28%), and community pharmacy (17%). Study designs were considered high risk of bias (use of a historical control group or no control group) in 69% of cases while 25% were medium risk of bias (non‐randomized with a concurrent control group) and 6% were low risk of bias (randomized experimental or multigroup interrupted time series). Economic evaluation types were descriptive studies that measured cost and/or outcomes of a CPS (55%), comparative studies that measured cost or outcomes of a CPS and a comparator (37%), and full evaluations that measured cost and outcomes of a CPS and a comparator (8%). Among nine full evaluations, the median (range) QHES score was 74 (59‐95) and four reported the CPS as being more effective at a lower cost. Few full economic evaluations were conducted, but supported the cost‐effectiveness of CPS. Use of a comparator group and measurement of economic inputs and outcomes would strengthen the body of evidence.
Awareness of and attitudes toward CBT, DBT, and ACT in an acute psychiatric sample
Authors: Kuckertz Jennie M. , Silverman Alexandra L. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Björgvinsson Thröstur , Beard Courtney 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTreatment utilization for psychiatric illness is low, perhaps influenced by limited consumer knowledge of evidence‐based psychological treatments (EBPTs). To inform consumer‐directed dissemination efforts, we characterized preferences, beliefs, and knowledge about specific EBPTs (cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT], dialectical behavior therapy [DBT], and acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT]); and examined potential sociodemographic and treatment history correlates.MethodBefore receiving treatment at a psychiatric partial hospital, patients (n = 249) completed the Psychological Treatment Consumer Questionnaire.ResultsMost (75%) patients felt responsible for being aware of psychotherapy options and that it was important to receive research‐supported psychotherapy (80%), but were split on whether research (42%) or their provider's recommendation (58%) carried greater decisional weight. Most (93%) patients had heard of CBT (93%) and DBT (71%), but not ACT (35%). Prior exposure to these EBPTs increased the likelihood of recommending them to others.ConclusionsFindings support initiatives to enhance consumer familiarity with these EBPTs and inform dissemination efforts.
Digital light microscopy as a tool in toxicological evaluation of fish erythrocyte morphological abnormalities
Authors: Sula Eldores , Aliko Valbona , Pagano Maria , Faggio Caterina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFish erythrocytes are very sensitive to environmental pollution because they exhibit pathological alterations before appearance of other external symptoms, may be used as reliable toxicity bioindicators. Microscopic analysis can be a useful tool in early detection of alterations in erythrocyte morphology due to different environmental stressors, and in predicting organism's possible response ways. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity of a polluted freshwater lake on the erythrocytes of crucian carp fish, Carassius carassius, using digital light microscopy (DLM). Scanning DLM micrographs revealed the presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities like micronucleus, nuclear buds, lobed nucleus, deformed nucleus, vacuolated cytoplasm, and echinocyte in the erythrocytes of crucian carp fish from a polluted lake. The obtained results substantiate that computation of erythrocyte morphological damages as biomarkers of exposure, through digital light microscopy software, can be effectively used as a toxicological tool.
Hepatitis virus B and C infections are associated with an increased risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: A nested case‐control study using a national sample cohort
Authors: Kim Miyoung , Lee Young Kyung , Park Bumjung , Oh Dong Jun , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are suspected of being associated with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, persuasive data are lacking. Hence, a nested large‐population case‐control study was performed to investigate such associations in Koreans.MethodsData were collected from 929 patients with NHL and 3716 healthy subjects, who were matched 1:4 for age, sex, income, and region of residence, from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service‐National Sample Cohort. The diagnoses of NHL and HBV/HCV infection were based on the International Classification of Diseases (version 10) codes. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs) for NHL with respect to HBV or HCV with adjustment for the Charlson comorbidity index.ResultsHBV and HCV rates were higher in the NHL group (3.3% and 1.3%, respectively) than in the control group (0.9% and 0.3%, respectively; P < .001 for each). The adjusted OR of hepatitis infection in patients with NHL were 3.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.99‐5.31) for HBV and 3.36 (95% CI = 1.51‐7.46) for HCV (P < .001 for each). Subgroups categorized by age (<55 vs ≥55 years) or sex showed significantly higher adjusted ORs of HBV for NHL. Moreover, patients with NHL ≥ 55 years of age or those who were female showed significantly higher adjusted ORs of HCV; those <55 years or who were male also tended to have higher ORs of HCV.ConclusionInfection with either HBV or HCV is associated with NHL in Koreans.
Use of mycorrhizal fungi releases the application of organic fertilizers to increase the production of leaf vitexin in yellow passion fruit
Authors: de Oliveira Paula Tarcila Félix , dos Santos Emanuela Lima , da Silva Wliana Alves Viturino , Ferreira Magda Rhayanny Assunção , Soares Luiz Alberto Lira , da Silva Francineyde Alves , da Silva Fábio Sérgio Barbosa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow‐cost organic fertilizers, such as coconut powder and vermicompost, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may benefit the Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa plant. However, it has not been established whether the joint application of these inputs may increase the production of vitexin and other molecules associated with the phytotherapeutic properties of this plant. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the application of AMF and organic fertilizers maximizes the production of bioactive compounds in leaves of P. edulis.RESULTSThe inoculation of Acaulospora longula into P. edulis grown in fertilization‐free soil promoted an increase of 86% in the concentration of leaf vitexin, 10.29% in the concentration of total phenols, and 13.78% in the concentration of total tannins in relation to the AMF‐free control, rendering soil fertilization superfluous.CONCLUSIONThe application of A. longula increases the production of foliar biomolecules, such as vitexin, in yellow passion fruit plants. Thus, the addition of coconut powder and vermicompost to the substrate composition is not necessary, leading to the commercialized production of phytomass in the herbal medicines industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Dissipation behavior, residue distribution and risk assessment of three fungicides in pears
Authors: Fang Qingkui , Wu Ruifeng , Hu Guixian , Lai Aiping , Wu Kaixin , Zhang Linwei , Feng Jiajun , Cao Haiqun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFungicides are often applied to pears before they are kept in storage facilities. The scientific application of pesticides can reduce unnecessary exposure, which in turn could benefit both humans and the environment.RESULTSWe investigated dissipation behavior and residue distribution, and conducted risk assessments for prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole in pears stored under different conditions using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The recoveries of the three fungicides ranged from 76.5% to 114.5%, and the coefficients of variation were 1.0%–8.5%. The half‐life (t1/2) ranges for degradation of the three fungicides in Dangshan Su pear peel were 8.8–13.9 days after storage at 25 °C and 99.0–346.6 days after storage at 2 °C. Among the three fungicides, tebuconazole had the lowest residue concentration in pear pulp (maximum of 0.226 mg·kg−1) and the longest half‐life (≥ 231.0 days). Accordingly, among these fungicides, tebuconazole is the most suitable for the preservation of Dangshan Su pears during storage. Finally, we analyzed samples of six pear varieties from markets in China and found that the residue concentrations of the three fungicides in pear pulp and fruit met Chinese standards.CONCLUSIONThe results provide a scientific basis for rationalizing the use of prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole, and improving the safety of pears for eating. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a model predicting the risk of eight major postoperative complications after esophagectomy based on 10 826 cases in the Japan National Clinical Database
Authors: Ohkura Yu , Miyata Hiroaki , Konno Hiroyuki , Udagawa Harushi , Ueno Masaki , Shindoh Junichi , Kumamaru Hiraku , Wakabayashi Go , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Mori Masaki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEsophagectomy is a highly invasive procedure with a high incidence of complications. The objectives of this study were to create risk prediction models for postoperative morbidity associated with esophagectomy and to test their performance using a population‐based large database.MethodsA total of 10 862 patients who underwent esophagectomy between January 2011 and December 2012 derived from the Japanese national clinical database (NCD) were included. Based on the 148 preoperative clinical variables collected, risk prediction models for eight major postoperative morbidities were created using 80% (8715 patients) of the study population and validated using the remaining 20% (2147 patients) of the patients.ResultsThe mortality rate was 3.1% and postoperative morbidity was observed in 42.6% of the patients. The c‐statistics of the eight risk models established by the training set were surgical site infection (0.564), anastomotic leakage (0.531), need for transfusion (0.636), blood loss >1000 mL (0.644), pneumonia (0.632), unplanned intubation (0.607), prolonged mechanical ventilation over 48 hours (0.614), and sepsis (0.618) in the validation analysis.ConclusionsRisk prediction models for postoperative morbidity after esophagectomy using the population‐based large database showed relatively fair performance. The current models may offer baseline information for risk stratification in clinical decision makings and help select more suitable surgical and nonsurgical treatment options and future clinical studies.
Pseudo‐c‐archimedean and pseudo‐finite cyclically ordered groups
Authors: Leloup Gérard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRobinson and Zakon gave necessary and sufficient conditions for an abelian ordered group to satisfy the same first‐order sentences as an archimedean abelian ordered group (i.e., which embeds in the group of real numbers). The present paper generalizes their work to obtain similar results for infinite subgroups of the group of unimodular complex numbers. Furthermore, the groups which satisfy the same first‐order sentences as ultraproducts of finite cyclic groups are characterized.
Balanced steady‐state free precession thoracic imaging with half‐radial dual‐echo readout on smoothly interleaved archimedean spirals
Authors: Bauman Grzegorz , Bieri Oliver 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo investigate the prospects of a minimal‐TR half‐radial dual‐echo balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) acquisition for high‐resolution and artifact‐free thoracic imaging at 1.5T.MethodsFeasibility of bSSFP imaging using isotropic half‐radial dual‐echo (hr‐de) projections with TE1/TE2/TR of 0.12/1.18/1.39 ms acquired along Archimedean spiral trajectories was demonstrated for phantoms and in vivo thorax scans at 1.5T. The centered‐out projection offers an ultra‐short echo (UTE) comparable to contemporary spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) UTE radial acquisitions used for the assessment of chest morphology. Signal intensities of hr‐de‐bSSFP were measured and compared to UTE‐SPGR in a phantom and for parenchyma and blood in vivo and compared to theory.ResultsFor the lung parenchyma and the blood, hr‐de‐bSSFP provided more than 4 times higher signal intensity than contemporary UTE‐SPGR imaging. The measured hr‐de‐bSSFP and UTE‐SPGR signal ratios were in the agreement with theoretically simulated values. Overall, the very short TR of hr‐de‐bSSFP successfully mitigated off‐resonance artifacts offering high‐quality breath‐hold thoracic imaging at isotropic resolution of 1.7 mm. The application of a smooth interleaved spiral trajectory for half‐radial readouts improved the robustness of hr‐de‐bSSFP to cardiac motion.ConclusionThoracic hr‐de‐bSSFP offers artifact‐free chest images with considerably improved signal intensity as compared to contemporary UTE‐SPGR imaging at 1.5T.
Parameterized complexity of finding a spanning tree with minimum reload cost diameter
Authors: Baste Julien , Gözüpek Didem , Paul Christophe , Sau Ignasi , Shalom Mordechai , Thilikos Dimitrios M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe study the minimum diameter spanning tree problem under the reload cost model (Diameter‐Treefor short) introduced by Wirth and Steffan. In this problem, given an undirected edge‐colored graphG, reload costs on a path arise at a node where the path uses consecutive edges of different colors. The objective is to find a spanning tree ofGof minimum diameter with respect to the reload costs. We initiate a systematic study of the parameterized complexity of theDiameter‐Treeproblem by considering the following parameters: the cost of a solution, and the treewidth and the maximum degree Δ of the input graph. We prove thatDiameter‐Treeispara‐NP‐hard for any combination of two of these three parameters, and that it isFPTparameterized by the three of them. We also prove that the problem can be solved in polynomial time on cactus graphs. This result is somehow surprising since we proveDiameter‐Treeto beNP‐hard on graphs of treewidth two, which is best possible as the problem can be trivially solved on forests. When the reload costs satisfy the triangle inequality, Wirth and Steffan proved that the problem can be solved in polynomial time on graphs with Δ = 3, and Galbiati proved that it isNP‐hard if Δ = 4. Our results show, in particular, that without the requirement of the triangle inequality, the problem isNP‐hard if Δ = 3, which is also best possible. Finally, in the case where the reload costs are polynomially bounded by the size of the input graph, we prove thatDiameter‐Treeis inXPandW[1]‐hard parameterized by the treewidth plus Δ.
A probable case of subligamentous tuberculous spondylitis: The concealed body of theLate Modern Period(early 16th century to early 20th century),Franciscancrypt ofSt. AnthonyandSt. Eusebiuschurch,Lombardy,Italy
Authors: Larentis Omar , Tonina Enrica , Tesi Chiara , Rossetti Chiara , Gorini Ilaria , Ciliberti Rosagemma , Licata Marta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a probable case of subligamentous tuberculous spondylitis (STBS), a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosed in the skeleton of a middle‐aged male discovered in the ossuary of the Franciscan crypt of the St. Anthony and St. Eusebius church, which lies in north‐western Italy. The skeleton can be dated back between the 17th and 19th centuries. This rare type of tuberculosis was identified in the thoracic and lumbar spine, with no further evidences at the level of the cranial and other postcranial bones. The concomitance of osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, scalloping, reactive bone formation area, anterior, and lateral ligaments ossification was observed and allowed us to perform a morphological STBS diagnosis. The subject presented here contributes to the literature related to the prevalence of tuberculosis in Italy during the last centuries. Moreover, we also focus our attention on some osteopathological criteria that can prove useful for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.