bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERBANYAKAN VEGETATIF BIDARA UPAS (Merremia mammosa (Lour.) Hallier f) KEBUN RAYA BOGOR
Authors: Cahyaningsih Ria , Hidayat Syamsul , Hidayat Endang 
Published: October 2019

Bidara upas (Merremia mammosa (Lour.) Hall.f.) is a medicinal plant, , that traditionaly use by Indonesian and Malaysian people. Regarding Indonesia Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan released by The National Development Planning Agency, it is included in the extinct medicinal plant list (2003). As the center for plant conservation, Bogor botanical garden conducted vegetative propagation study on this plant by air layering, cutting, and tuber cutting. The aim to this study is to find effective for bidara upas which method is vegetative propagation. Air layering and cutting propagation modified by Rootone-F did not give any result, whereas tuber cutting propagation with GA3 gave positive result. Principally, propagation by tuber cutting modified by 50 ppm of GA3 dose gave the most rapid and highest uniformity on shoot emergence, the best on growing variables, namely average height of shoot growing, the number of secondary roots, the number and length of the primary roots. It cannot be concluded yet that propagation by tuber cutting modified by GA3 was the most effective. Hence, it is necessary to conduct another propagation studies of air layering and cuttings with more variants of treatments, especially Rootone-F dose.
LUMUT SEJATI DI HUTAN ALAM PAMEUNGPEUK, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Windadri Florentina Indah 
Published: October 2019

Halimun Salak National Park is one of the remaining conservation areas left in West Java. Research on diversity of Bryophytes had previously been conducted at Halimun Mount, Kendeng Mount and the lowland forest surrounding Cikaniki-Citalahab, while this present study was aimed to record the diversity of mosses at Pameungpeuk primary forest. There were 78 species of mosses including in 47 genera and 20 families. Syrrhopodon spiculosus Hook. & Grev. was a dominant species in the research area. Twenty seven species were new record for Halimun Salak National Park, one of which (Rhizogonium lamii Reimers) was a new record for Java and seven species were new record for Indonesia.
PATOGENISITAS ISOLAT BAKTERI Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae DAN PEMANTAUAN PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI PADA PADI GALUR ISOGENIK
Authors: Suryadi Yadi , Kadir Triny Suryani 
Published: October 2019

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is an important rice disease due to its high intensity that and the mereased durability of its resistant variety. This study was aimed to determine the pathogenicity of Xoo isolates, which obtained from four regions/districts in West Java on three rice near isogenic lines (NILs) containing a single resistance (R) gene; and to study reaction of rice NILs/ differential genotypes containing mixture of resistant genes to Xoo population under endemic areas. Out of 22 Xoo isolates have been collected and further determined by ELISA assay. Ten Xoo isolates were selected and inoculated to identify their pathogenicity on three NILs i.e., IRBB5 (xa5), IRBB7 (Xa7) and IRBB21 (Xa21). Pathogenicity test showed that most of isolates produced large lesion, and four virulence groups were identified. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the dominant virulent isolates were widely distributed at several district in West Java. It was shown that 11 NILs exhibited high levels of resistant reaction to the predominant Xoo pathotypes in Cianjur, while 10 lines were susceptible. The single R gene (IRBB7, IRBB21 and Java14) exhibited lower BLB severity. The IRBB50, IRBB51, IRBB52, IRBB53 lines (carrying two R genes), IRBB56, IRBB57 (carrying three R genes); IRBB64 (carrying four R genes), and IRBB66 (carrying five R genes) showed lower severity and thus produced higher resistance to Xoo. This study may implied further work to deploy effective R genes against certain Xoo pathotypes in differ region.
Pellacalyx Symphiodiscus STAFP FROM LONG BAGUN, MAHAKAM HULU: MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ITS DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Astuti Inggit Puji , Susandarini Ratna , Sari Rismita 
Published: October 2019

Pellacalyx is one of the genera in Rhizophoraceae, distributed from Myanmar, South China, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. In Indonesia, Pellacalyx can be found in the island of Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. Eight species of Pellacalyx have been found in Indonesia, four of which them were from Kalimantan, i.e. P. axillaris, P. cristatus, P. lobbii and P. symphiodiscus. These four species generally grow in the primary and secondary forest, from lowland to an altitude of 1300 m above sea level. Information of Pellacalyx in Indonesia is still very limited , and rarely found in the wild. The last information of Pellacalyx found in West Sumatra was reported by an expedition team of the Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanical Garden in 2006. The Expert Team of the Khatulistiwa Expedition in Long Bagun, West Kutai, East Kalimantan on May 26–June 2, 2012 found a species of Pellacalyx. Morphological characterization was then conducted based on the herbarium specimen for identification. The identification was carried out in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Center for Biological Research, Indonesian Institute of Sciences and The National Herbarium Leiden, Netherland. The results show that Pellacalyx specimen from Long Bagun is Pellacalyx symphiodiscus.
HERITABILITAS DAN PEROLEHAN GENETIK PADA BOBOT IKAN NILA HASIL SELEKSI
Authors: Nugroho Estu , Mayadi Lalu , Budileksono Sigit 
Published: October 2019

Directional-individual selection on tilapia growth had been conducted in West Nusa Tenggara Province. The base population had been constructed through di allele crossing between six tilapia strains i.e. NIRWANA, BEST, SULTANA, Citralada, JATIMBULAN and White Sleman. A total of 150 brood stock pairs were used for spawning with the ratio of female and male parent 1: 1 in net with size of 1x1x1 m. Two hundred larvae produced from each spawn pairs were communally reared in a pond for three months. Directional-individual selection was conducted at the size of > 50 grams. The cut-off for minimum selected fish was based on the lowest individual weight of 10% top population. The average value of heritability on body weight was 0.251 for males and 0.258 for the female population. The total value of genetic gain of body weight for four generations was 51.68% for male population and 56.78% for the female population.
STUDI BIOMETRI BERDASARKAN MERISTIK DAN MORFOMETRIK IKAN GURAMI GALUR BASTAR DAN BLUESAFIR
Authors: Radona Deni , Nafiqoh Nunak , Arifin Otong Zenal , Arifin Otong Zenal 
Published: October 2019

Identification of Gouramy is required to obtain phenotype characteristics information of the population for sustainable aquaculture practices. In this study phenotype diversity of giant gouramy strain bastar and bluesafir was analyzed based on meristic and morphometric measurement. Sample, are taken from 30 individuals of each population. The result showed that there were differences in colour patterns between the two populations, bastar population had yellowish brown body and red fins, whilst bluesafir population had brown blackish brown body and fins. The canonical function of truss morphometric analysis on 21 characteristics showed the measurement distribution of that both populations were in different quadrants. The intrapopulation similarity index showed that population of strain bluesafir had higher genetic similarity (80%) with interpopulation similarity index of 23.3%, while the intrapopulation similarity index of strain bastar was 76.7%.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL PADA PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Suryaningrum Lusi Herawati , Mulyasari Mulyasari , Samsudin Reza 
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research was to determine the optimum percentage of glycerol addition into the diets of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on growth performance, feed convertion ratio, and survival rate. The research was conducted using 15 aquaria with the size of 60 x 50 x 45 cm3, each containing 25 O. niloticus with average initial weight of 4.63 ± 0.15 g. The experiment was conducted using a complete random design with five treatments and three replications. Isonitrogenous (31%) and isocaloric (17 MJ.kg-1) diets were provided for 60 days of rearing period. Five diets were formulated with glycerol content of 0% (G0); 5% (G5); 10% (G10); 15% (G15), and 20% (G20). Fish were fed twice daily with experimental diet at satiation level. The result showed that addition of 10% glycerol in the diet (G10) presented the highest values for weight gain (105.85 ± 0.40%), specific growth rate (3.44 ± 0.01%), protein retention (27.75 ± 0.02%), protein efficiency ratio (2.53 ± 0.15%), lipid retention (60.44 ± 0.03%), and feed convertion ratio (1.59 ± 0.01%) (P < 0.05). Survival rate was not affected by dietary containing glycerol (P > 0.05). Therefore, addition of 10% glycerol into the diet gave a significant increase on growth performance and feed convertion ratio without adverse effect on survival rate of Nile Tilapia.
KARAKTERISASI ENZIM PROTEASE DARI BAKTERI Stenotrophomonas sp. ASAL GUNUNG BROMO, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Soeka Yati Sodaryati , Sulistiani Sulistiani 
Published: October 2019

Protease is an enzyme that can hydrolyze protein into simpler compounds, i.e peptides and amino acids. Microbial Proteases have the potency to be applied in industries such as detergents, skins, silver recovery, dairy, baking, beverages and pharmaceutical industries. These hydrolytic enzyme are efficiently involved in the food industry to increase the nutritional value, digestibility, palatability, flavour and reducing allergenic compounds as well as in the management of domestic and industrial wastes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of Stenotrophomonas sp. isolated from Mount Bromo, East Java in producing protease. Protease activity of the bacterial isolate was qualitatively determined by formation of a clear zone surrounded their colonies on media containing skim milk (1%). We analyzed its proteolic activity against some effects of the incubation period, pH, temperatures and addition of monovalent and divalent metal ionsquantitatively using a spectrophotometer at ? 280 nm.The results showed that the optimum activity after incubation for two days was 315.88 U/ mL. The enzyme has continued to its activity at pH 8 (419.68 U/mL) and maintained its stability at 398.22 U/mL with activities decreased to 94.87%, while its activity at 60°C was 519.86 U/mL and could maintain its stability at 419.58 U/ mL, the activity decreased to 74.75%. The addition of Ca2+ could activated its enzyme activity at the amount of 424.33U/mL, while without addition of the ion its activity was 400.29 U/mL. The addition with ion Mn²+, K+, Na+ and Cu 2+ could act as inhibitors that might reduced the activity of the enzyme.
Textbooks as source for conceptional confusion in teaching and learning ‘acids and bases’ in lower secondary school
Authors: Lembens Anja , Hammerschmid Susanne , Jaklin-Farcher Susanne , Nosko Christian , Reiter Katrin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chemistry teaching and learning bears some subject-specific challenges. For example, explanations and considerations of chemical phenomena drawing on the macroscopic, the sub-microscopic and the representational level. In this paper, we focus on the topic ‘acids and bases’ where the confusion of these levels leads to numerous misconceptions among learners. One possible source of these problems are textbooks, which can have an important impact on the quality of teaching and learning. To identify scientific and didactical appropriate textbooks for lower secondary classes, we draw on the work of Roseman, J. E., Stern, L. & Koppal, M. (2010), who developed an instrument to analyse textbooks using a conceptual coherence map. To develop our topic-specific instrument, big ideas of the topic were formulated, arranged in a conceptual coherence map, and set in relation with each other. Then we development a coding manual that describes precisely how to apply the different categories while analysing textbooks. The process described is part of a design-based research project with the aim to contribute to better chemistry teaching and learning. We give insight into the process of developing this instrument for analysing chemistry textbooks. Furthermore, it presents some examples for problematic representations from textbooks in the field of ‘acids and bases’.
Reduction of Blocking Probability in Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switched Optical Networks
Authors: Dhawan Monika , Singh Simranjit , Wason Amit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The blocking probability is studied for improving the quality of service of the network. The call blocking model for mode of operation to determine the types of applications suitable for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switched (GMPLS) networks is proposed. The performance of optical network depends upon various parameters such as number of channels, number of sources, traffic intensity which directly affect the blocking probability of the network. A mathematical model of an optical network for blocking probability of cleared calls and holding calls is developed. In the proposed model, blocking probability of the network gets reduced with a large number of servers. The proposed models decrease the blocking probability of the network to a level of 10–40. In addition, the blocking performance for held calls is also analyzed to compare the amount of traffic intensity that can be handled and completed properly with that of the cleared calls probability. The blocking probability is less for cleared calls than that for held calls as more traffic intensity can be handled in case of cleared calls but the chances for call completion increases in case of held calls.
Phonosemantic biases found in Leipzig-Jakarta lists of 66 languages
Authors: Joo Ian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBased on the vocabulary of 66 genealogically distinct languages, this study reveals the biased association between phonological features and the 100 lexical meanings of the Leipzig-Jakarta List. Morphemes whose meanings are related to round shapes (‘egg’, ‘navel’, ‘neck’, and ‘knee’) tend to contain phonemes that bear the [+round] feature. Also observable is the positive association between buccal actions and the phonological features they resemble (‘to blow’ with [+labial] and ‘to suck’ with [+delayed release]). Grammatical morphemes related to proximity (‘this’, ‘in’,1sgand2sgpronoun) are positively associated with [+nasal]. The phonosemantic patterns found in the most basic vocabulary of spoken languages further confirm that the sound-meaning association in natural languages is not completely arbitrary but may be motivated by human cognitive biases.
Das Beste zum Schluss?
Authors: Ginestí Rosell Anna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper analyses the particular composition of the last book of the Quaestiones Convivales and puts it in relation to the remaining eight books. The particularity of the 9th book can be seen at different levels. The prologue is the shortest one and has no educational goals in contrast to all preceding ones. There are more questions - 15 instead of 10 - and all of them belong to the same symposion. Accordingly there is a stable constellation of participants instead of a permanent changing of characters. In this particular structure the last book should be placed near to the classical symposia of Plato and Xenophon, while the first eight books have a strong proximity to the problemata literature. A close look at the content shows an interesting development: There is no friendly conversation at the beginning, but disconnected and chaotic discussions, so the symposiarch Ammonios and other participants like Plutarch have to apply all their knowledge on symposia to achieve a friendly atmosphere. There are no programmatic discourses on symposia but a display of all necessary skills. Therefore the last book of the Quaestiones Convivales can be seen as a last examination for the reader and an opportunity to polish his learned symposiac skills. The dramatic time of this last symposion is set in the young days of Plutarch, when he was a student in Athens. He is one of the young participants, his master Ammonios is the host.While Ammonios plays the role of an alter Socrates, Plutarch as his pupil acts as a symposiast-to-be. In this way Plutarch illustrates in this last book the first step of his path to knowledge and presents himself as a worthy successor of Ammonios in sympotic competence.
Zu Gast bei den Witwen
Authors: Patzelt Maik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper seeks to unveil the agency of widows in late antiquity beyond prevailing limits of asceticism and euergetism. Based on a Bourdieu’ian field-analysis this approach seeks to illustrate that some widows used their recently achieved liberty not for withdrawing from society, i.e. living an ascetic life among their peers, praying all night and day. They used their liberty to actively engage within this society, within the elite in particular, instead. In so doing, these (wealthy) widows constructed, contested, and negotiated power relations by appropriating and nuancing communication strategies of allegedly male domains of practice, i. e. the daily business of the household. These widows, strictly speaking, set up new power relations with which they started negotiating and maintaining, indeed creating new field positions, through which new interactions occurred that rendered her agency. An exemplary context in this respect is that of inheritance hunting in the widows’ households.
Chindasvinth, the ‘Gothic disease’, and the Monothelite crisis
Authors: Esders Stefan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Taking up important observations made by L. A. García Moreno on King Chindasvinth’s involvement in the Monothelite crisis via connections to North Africa and to Rome, this article argues that a deep division within the Visigothic episcopate on the king’s policy should already be assumed for October 646, when Chindasvinth assembled the 7th Synod of Toledo. A new reading of the synod’s first canon, usually interpreted as a mere confirmation of Chindasvinth’s law on high treason of 641/2, proceeds from the observation that the synod’s decisions must be seen as a minory vote, given the fact that the synod was not attended by more than 30 bishops and several episcopal representatives, and that it lacked any attendance or support from the ecclesiastical provinces of Tarraconensis and Septimania. As is shown, fears were expressed at the synod somewhat shroudedly that numerous clerics of every rank could find a common cause with a foreign enemy beyond the frontiers and that, as a consequence, an infringement of the orthodox faith could result. This most likely referred to the clergy of Septimania and Aquitania, whose territories the Visigothic kingdom and the Frankish kingdom neighboured. This paper argues that Frankish Aquitania, being the south-western part of the Austrasian kingdom of the Merovingian king Sigibert III, never adopted the policy of Sigibert’s brother Clovis II, who assembled a synod of the episcopate of Neustria and Burgundy at Chalon-sur-Saône in support of Pope Martin’s condemnation of Monothelitism at the Lateran synod of 649. While it is not clear whether Sigibert prevented the Aquitanian clergy from attending the synod for religious reasons or for diplomatic considerations related to Constantinople, the division of both the Frankish and Visigothic episcopates over the issue of supporting the Lateran Council fostered a constellation in which treason could become a crime with strong religious overtones.
Terpenoids, nano-entities and molecular self-assembly
Authors: Bag Braja Gopal , Barai Abir Chandan , Hasan Sk Nurul , Panja Saikat Kumar , Ghorai Subrata , Patra Soumen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plant metabolites being renewable in nature have tremendous significance for the development of a sustainable society. In this manuscript we show that, terpenoids having nanometric lengths, commonly having several functional groups and several centers of chirality, can be utilized as renewable Molecular Functional Nanos (MFNs). The terpenoids spontaneously self-assembled in liquids yielding different morphologies such as vesicles, tubes, flowers, petals and fibers of nano- to micro-meter dimensions and supramolecular gels. The self-assemblies were utilized for the entrapment and release of fluorophores including anticancer drug, pollutant capture, generation of hybrid materials and catalysis.
Research on green technologies for immobilizing mercury in waste to minimize chemical footprint
Authors: Makarova Anna , Fedoseev Andrew , Yakubovich Liubov 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the use of the principles of green chemistry in the search for technologies to reduce the chemical footprints of areas. The chemical footprint for mercury and its compounds was taken as an example to study. These chemicals belong to priority pollutants and their ever-increasing amounts in the environment have caused concern around the world, which is reflected in the adoption of the Minamata Convention. The Minamata Convention aims to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic releases of mercury and mercury compounds. This Convention is an important component of efforts to achieve sustainable, inclusive and resilient human development through SDGs, which were adopted in September 2015 and especially SDG Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. Relevancy of this work is due to the need for the adopting of a series of measures to withdraw some mercury-containing goods from the production cycle. Also, one of the most important statements of the Convention is in reference to the issue of mercury contamination when recycling mercury. An important aspect of the work described in this paper is the reduction of mercury pollution from mercury-containing waste products by the development of technology in accordance with the principles of green chemistry. These are energy-efficient and without waste -water discharge technology. The main result of this work is the fundamental research for a transformation of elemental mercury and its compounds into less dangerous forms for the human body and the environment, providing a guaranteed absence of mercury-containing waste in the atmosphere and water systems. Various conditions for reaction of the immobilization of metallic mercury in mercury-containing wastes were investigated and it was established that it proceeded best under the following conditions:

Reaction of metallic mercury with elementary sulfur;

A ball mill is used as a reactor, which ensures constant updating of the contact area of the phases;

For a good dispersion of mercury and for a relatively quick and complete reaction a large excess of sulfur up to 6500 % by stoichiometry (e.g. ratio of mercury:sulfur = 1:1.5 by weight) is necessary;

The addition of a very small amount of water also has a positive effect (hydromodulus of Solid:Liquid = 3:1 by weight).