bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in infectious mortality in Russia and its capital in the post-Soviet period
Authors: Ivanova A E , Sabgayda T P , Zubko A V , Semyonova V G , Evdokushkina G N , Lopakov K V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Based on data of Rosstat for 1989-2018, changes in structure of infectious mortality (IM) in population of Moscow are analyzed in comparison with situation in the country as a whole. Age structure of European population was used to calculate standardized death rates. The rise in IM after change in Russian socio-political structure was less pronounced and not as long in Moscow as in the country. During analyzed period, IM increased by 1.4 times among men and 2.2 times among women in Russia while in the capital male IM decreased by 8.9% and female IM increased by 1.4 times. IM of Muscovites was lower than average Russian IM by a quarter in 1989 and twice in 2018. The highest IM was observed at age of 85 years and older in 1989 and at age of 35-39 years in 2018.
Proportion of tuberculosis (TB) has significantly decreased (from 60.8% in the country and 65.5% in the capital to 19.9% and 9.9%). In the country, male TB mortality decreased by 1.8 times and female TB mortality in 2018 approached the 1989 level; in the capital, mortality of men and women decreased by 4.6 and 2.9 times. Proportion of AIDS has increased. The death rates began to exceed TB mortality since 2015 among men and since 2014 among women in Russia and since 2010 and 2007 in Moscow. In 2018, the share of AIDS was 60.2% (58.2% and 62.9%) in country and 55.0% (55.8% and 52.9%) in capital.
Proportion of viral hepatitis has increased. In the country, mortality increased by 3.8 times for men and 3.0 times for women, in the capital, mortality increased by 1.6 and 13.0 times respectively. In 2018, the share of viral hepatitis was 6.5% (6.1% and 6.8%) in country and 16.5% (7.1% and 37.1%) in Moscow. Proportion of socially significant diseases in IM increased from 63.9% in country and 69.4% in capital to 90.7% and 86.2%. The peculiarities of IM in Moscow, given the greater availability of antiretroviral therapy, suggest that this IM is caused by a fairly wide consumption of injecting drugs by residents of the capital.

Key messages
Proportion of socially significant diseases in infectious mortality increased from 63.9% in country and 69.4% in capital to 90.7% and 86.2%. The peculiarities of IM in Moscow, given the greater availability of antiretroviral therapy, suggest that this IM is caused by a fairly wide consumption of injecting drugs by residents of the capital.
Investigating the Effective Factors on Family Physicians’ prescriptions
Authors: Ghanbarzadegan A , Kavosi Z , Karimi S , Peyravi M , Ghorbanian A , Bastani P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The physicians are responsible for prescribing medicine rationally. Physician's awareness of prescribing guidelines can lead to the selection of the most effective, appropriate and effective measures to the improved prescription. This study aim is to determine the factors influencing drug prescribing behaviour in family physicians.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 on a case study including 150 family physicians from Shiraz City who were selected by systematic random sampling method. A questionnaire related to the behaviour of prescribing physicians was used based on the theory of planned behaviour to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts' opinion and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) by SPSS and Smart PLS software.

Results
It was specified that 39.3% of Shiraz family physicians have prescribed medicines for their most patients (61-70%) during the last month. Furthermore, 60% of physicians have prescribed for about 20% of their patients without any examination. In addition, 63% of doctors have repeated prescription for about 20% of patients with chronic disease. Based on the obtained results of the Research Structural Equation Model, none of the four considered variables explains changes in physicians' behaviour regarding prescribing. Although, “mental and perceived behavioural control” explain 30.2% of the changes in the intention of prescribing medication of family physicians in Shiraz.

Conclusions
The family physicians' behaviour in prescribing medicine shows the impact of factors such as the patient's request, as well as the role of the patients and colleagues pressure for prescribing medicine as a quality criterion for their practice. norms of mental and perceived behavioural control are effective in explaining the purpose of prescribing.

Key messages
Policymakers should implement policies to develop physicians’ behavior and logical prescription by education, financial incentives; consequently. Mental and perceived behavioral control are effective in explaining the purpose of prescribing.
The 15-years trajectory of the Health, Well-being and Aging (SABE) study in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira A M B , Marques A P , Silva B C S , da Cruz D S , Menezes F S , Duarte Y A O , Santos J L F , Casarotto R A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Health, Well-being and Aging (SABE - Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento) study was developed by the Pan American Health Organization (OPAS/OMS) to provide information on the living conditions of the elderly. The multi-center survey on health and well-being of the elderly was carried out in seven urban areas in Latin America and the Caribbean. The study took place between October 1999 and December 2000 in Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Uruguay. In 2006, only in Brazil, the SABE Study became a longitudinal and multiple cohort study with the aid of the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the Ministry of Health. In each cohort (2006, 2010 and 2015), data was collected among the elderly who were participants in 2000, and new 60 to 64-year-old subjects were inserted. The probabilistic sample of the participating individuals was obtained through the method of multi-stage conglomerates sampling by stratifying the primary units. We also considered the socioeconomic strata of the municipality urban area. The baseline for carrying out the sample calculation was the population count of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Data was collected by trained interviewers. They used a standardized questionnaire to retrieve information regarding, for example, cognitive assessment, health status, and use and access to services. At the moment, the SABE Study follows 1,224 elderly individuals. The information collected from the SABE Study is available through the electronic address &lt;http://hygeia3.fsp.usp.br/sabe/&gt;. The aging process occurs differently when factors such as sex and socioeconomic aspects are considered. Thus, accompanying the elderly over time and knowing their living conditions are essential for proposing public policies according to reality.

Key messages
The Health, Well-being and Aging (SABE) study has been monitoring elderly people since 2000 in the city of São Paulo and provides information on their living conditions. The monitoring of the elderly enables the development of public policies that are more focused on the needs presented.
Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis incidence, trends and predictions in Monastir, Tunisia (2000-2030)
Authors: Ben Nasrallah C , Kacem M , Grira S , Dhouib W , Bannour R , Zemni I , Ben Fredj M , Abroug H , Belguith Sriha A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is global public health problem and up to 25% of TB cases present extrapulmonary involvement. The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is increased worldwide. Our study aimed to give an update on the epidemiology, current trends of EPTB from 2000 to 2017 and to predict future trajectories of EPTB up to 2030 in Monastir, Tunisia.

Methods
We performed an observational study from 2000 to 2017. Data were collected by the regional direction of primary health care. Incidence was estimated by the crude incidence rate (CIR). Poisson regression model was used to calculate the slope 'b' in order to describe trends and was performed to estimate incidence projection for 2030. Data were verified and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 software.

Results
During 18 years, 997 cases of TB were declared in Monastir. Almost 51% (n = 509) were EPTB. Sex ratio was 1.68. The main EPTB forms were lymph nodes in 234 (23.5%) cases, followed by pleural TB in 35 (3.5%) cases and bone and joints in 31 (3.1%) cases. CIR was 5.62/100,000 inhabitants (inh) for EPTB with a highest incidence in patients aged 60 years and above. A positive trend was showed for EPTB with a (b = 0.05; p &lt; 0.0001) especially for lymph node localization. Up to 2030, EPTB would be increasing with an estimated incidence rate of 9.11/100,000 inh. Regarding lymph node TB, cases may continue to rise with an estimated incidence rate of 7.96 /100,000 inh.

Conclusions
Despite the availability of a treatment and knowledge on prevention measures, EPTB remains a public health problem. Thus, investigating and identifying patients at higher risk is needed in order to improve its management.

Key messages
Updated epidemiology is important for healthcare experts to improve planning policies attributed to EPTB. Our results are a tool for decision-makers to assess the efficiency of TB control programs.
Binge drinking in high school students from Fafe, Portugal: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Fernandes S , Pardo M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Binge drinking is defined, by 5 or more doses of alcohol on a single occasion (4 or more, in case of women). The excessive alchool consumption is the behavior with the most significant impact on youth mortality and morbidity. Binge drinking is a public health problem that can be preventable. The aim of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence of binge drinking and analyze the associated factors to this behaviour among high school students from Fafe, Portugal.

Methods
Cross-sectional study. Invited 1334 high-school students, aged between 15 and 19 to fill in an anonymous self-administered digital survey between May and June 2019, wich includes questions about alcohol sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity and smoking. Associations between binge drinking in the last 2 months and the several factors were analyzed through multivariated logistic regression, using IBM SPSS v.20, considering a significance level of 5%.

Results
A total of 786 students answered the survey (response rate 58.9%), 714 surveys were validated. The median age of participants was 17(1.074 sd) years and 54,8% were girls. The proportion of students from academic high school were 70.9%. Considering all the students estimated binge drinking prevalence was 28.6% (95%IC:25.35-31.79) and 41,5% (95%IC:36.9-45.8) within who have reported to drink. Binge drinking was associated with male gender (OR = 1.75; 95%IC:1.186-2.585), regulary cigarrete smoking (OR = 7.48; 95%IC: 3.422-16.347), being on 12th grade (OR = 2,677; 95%IC:1.625-4.412). There wasńt found association on binge drinking proportion between students from academic or vocational school.

Conclusions
Our study concluded that binge drinking is common among Fafe high school students. This study provides relevant information to public health authorities about the binge drinke behaviour on this population and makes possible to identify the most high-risk students of binge drinking in order to planning interventions.

Key messages
Binge drinking pattern is increasing among adolescents and young adults. Future preventive interventions on binge drinking are importante and should consider the associated factors of this behaviour.
Mobile-based and open-source infectious disease surveillance and outbreak management in Tanzania
Authors: Kassim I , Arinze C , Tom-Aba D , Adeoye O , Ihekweazu C , McHugh T D , Abubakar I , Krause G , Mwakasungula S , Masanja H , Aldridge R W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The PANDORA-ID-NET consortium aims to build capacity for effective outbreak response in sub-Saharan Africa. Part of this mission is to develop a real-time data sharing platform for disease outbreaks that leverages centralised data management and uses mobile technologies for data gathering and feedback. We have committed to using open-source technologies, so that the platform can be deployed on regional IT infrastructure and further developed by local staff, and collected data can be stored and processed in the region of origin. This abstract aims to describe how we identified a state of the art open-source system that fulfils these criteria, and the process of how we are extending it to function within the current infectious disease control framework in Tanzania, under our partnership with the Ifakara Health Institute (IHI).

Methods
To find state of the art open-source systems matching our criteria, we performed a rapid review of the literature. We screened 1022 articles and found 15 candidate systems, out of which only SORMAS satisfied the criteria. SORMAS was developed jointly by the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Nigeria CDC, and was modeled on Nigeria's successful response to the Ebola outbreak. The system can be used for case management, contact tracing, surveillance, and laboratory sample management. Data is collected and synchronised using Android mobile devices (both online and offline) and data aggregation and analysis are performed in real-time via a web application

Results
Having chosen SORMAS, we established a collaboration between the SORMAS developer team and the PANDORA team. IHI are guiding ongoing work on adapting SORMAS to the Tanzanian health facility geography and the country's case definition guidelines for notifiable diseases.

Conclusions
Once adapted for Tanzania, SORMAS will fill an unoccupied niche in infectious disease control, improving the quality of collected case data and enabling better outbreak response

Key messages
A state of the art, mobile-based, open-source outbreak management and infectious disease surveillance system (SORMAS) is being deployed in Tanzania. We outline our experience with piloting SORMAS in Tanzania, building on the experience of our Nigerian and German partners, who rolled out this system nationally in Nigeria and other African countries.
Bladder cancer incidence and predictions: Observational Study (Monastir, Tunisia: (2002-2030)
Authors: Ben Nasrallah C , Zemni I , Bannour R , Aroua N , Dhouib W , Kacem M , Abroug H , Ben Fredj M , Sriha Belguith A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease and is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality if not treated optimally. We aimed to describe bladder cancer incidence and trends from 2002 to 2013 and to estimate predictions up to 2030.

Methods
We performed an observational study from 2002 to 2013. Incidence was estimated by the crude incidence rate (CIR) and standardized incidence rate (SIR). Poisson regression model was used to calculate the slope 'b' in order to describe trends and was performed to estimate incidence projection for 2030. Data were verified and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 software.

Results
A total of 1024 cases of bladder cancer was declared from 2002 to 2013 predominately among males with a rate of 90.4%. CIR was 16.79/100,000 inhabitants (inh) and SIR was 21.38/100,000 inh. By gender, SIR was 41.3/100,000 inh and 7.73/100,000 inh for males and females respectively. During our study period a significant positive trend was noted with a (b = 0.042, p &lt; 10-4). In 2030, the predicted incidence rate would increase to 28.4/100,000 inh.

Conclusions
The findings have highlighted the positive trend and the increased predicted incidence of bladder cancer in 2030. Thus, developing primary prevention strategies is crucial.

Key messages
Our results are important for health-care professionals to improve planning policies related to bladder cancer. Identifying associated factors is crucial to guide preventive strategies measures.
Ambassad’Air: A French example of how citizen sensing can fuel the smart city
Authors: Dardier G , Jabot F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Low-cost sensors are considered as a promising tool to contribute to urban air quality policies. In some initiatives, based on citizen sensing, they are used to gather data and gain a better understanding of the problem, thus fitting in a technology-oriented smart city model. In others, closer to citizen science, they are used to engage citizens in finding solutions, therefore fueling a more citizen-oriented smart city model, the smart enough city. Although important, the political effects of such initiatives have not been widely analyzed so far. To address this issue, we have studied Ambassad'Air, a citizen sensing initiative led in Rennes since 2016: What are the political consequences of this project? And which smart city model does it fuel?
Based on a littterature review, we built an analytical framework for the two smart city models. Then, we realized 81 interviews with Ambassad'air's volunteers and managers to analyze the initiative's strategy, its implementation (participatory mechanisms; use of data) and its political effects (change in political agenda or projects; citizen mobilization).
Initially, micro-sensors were lent to volunteers with the aim of turning them into peer-educators able to raise awareness around them and into empowered citizens able to influence local air quality policies. However, the initiative faced implementation barriers (persistent blurring between citizen science and citizen sensing; limitations to produce problem-oriented, scientifically validated, mass data) that limited its short-term political effects. It has sparked a local interest, though, for micro-sensors, and it is questionning the management of citizen-produced data.
With no political mechanisms that transform citizen sensing from a practice to an input for risk regulation, Ambassad'Air is not quite yet a tool of a smart enough city. But as a way to produce sensitive environments that any citizen can interact with in real-time, it is a step towards a more senseable city.

Key messages
Citizen sensing can fix the participatory breakdowns of the smart city while feeding its big data but it needs political mechanisms that recognize the role of citizen expertise in decision making. Micro-sensors can serve a wide range of strategies, from community-based environmental surveillance that seeks knowledge to gain power, to top-down citizen sensing that seeks data to gain control.
Does dialogue improve the sustainable employability of low-educated employees? A study protocol
Authors: Hazelzet E , Bosma H , de Rijk A , Houkes I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
There is a need to develop sustainable employability (SE) interventions that are better aligned to the needs of low-educated employees. This group needs to get a voice in intervention development and implementation. In this study, a dialogue-based approach is proposed consisting of an online step-by-step support toolkit for employers, 'Healthy Human Resources' (HHR). When intervening, this toolkit enables and stimulates employers to have a continuous dialogue with their low-educated employees. By improving the employees' job control, HHR is aimed at cost-beneficially improving SE. This paper describes the protocol of the evaluation study to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation process of HHR on the SE of low-educated employees.

Methods
The protocol of the evaluation study consists of: 1) an effect evaluation with a pretest-posttest design with a one-year follow-up in five work organizations deploying low-educated employees and with SE as the primary outcome and job control as the secondary outcome. The effect evaluation is expanded with a budget impact analysis; 2) a mixed-method process evaluation at six and twelve months after the start of HHR to evaluate the whole implementation process of HHR. This includes the experiences with HHR of various stakeholders, such as employees, human resource managers, and line managers.

Results
The upcoming effect evaluation, as described in this study protocol, will give insight into the effects of HHR on the SE of low-educated employees. The process evaluation, as described, will provide insight into the barriers and facilitators related to the (in) effectiveness of HHR.

Conclusions
By improving dialogue, we hypothesize that HHR, through enhancing job control, will strengthen the SE of low-educated employees. If HHR is proven effective, we also recommend the implementation of HHR on a wider scale, in order to tackle the socioeconomic health gap.

Key messages
This paper describes a protocol for the evaluation of a dialogue-based approach (Healthy HR) to improve the sustainable employability of low-educated employees. Healthy HR is expected to facilitate employers in the development of effective SE interventions in a true dialogue with their low-educated employees.
Early systematic communication between physician, patient and employer to promote return to work
Authors: Nordling P , Nordeman L , Skoglund I M , Björkelund C , Hensing G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In the sickness absence and return-to-work process communication between stakeholders is beneficial but difficult to achieve. Addressing work-related issues early in the process could support decision making. The aim of this study was to test if early systematic communication about work and health between physician, patient/employee and employer facilitated by a communication tool, the Capacity Note, was feasible for patients with common mental disorders (CMD) in primary care.

Methods
In a pragmatic trial, physicians at primary health care centers (PHCCs) were randomized to control/intervention physician and were responsible for identifying eligible patients. In addition to usual care, intervention patients used the Capacity Note with their physician and were then instructed to use it with their employer and return it to the physician. Control patients received usual care. A study log book and sick leave data for each PHCC were used for process evaluation purposes.

Results
Eighteen of 24 PHCCs in the region were contacted; eight participated. At study start, 434 patients filled the basic inclusion criteria. Of these, 93 were identified as eligible by the physicians and were asked to participate. Around 40% declined participation, most commonly due to lack of energy or hesitation to talk to the employer. The final sample included 56 patients. Of the 28 intervention patients nine (32%) completed the intervention.

Conclusions
The study was negatively affected by suboptimal research conditions in primary care (e.g. severe time constraints). Also, the patients' hesitation to participate highlights the sensitivity of the topic and the difficulties in doing research in this vulnerable patient group. Thus, the feasibility was hampered by both organizational and patient related factors. It is of utmost importance to improve possibilities for social psychiatric research in primary care given the high prevalence of CMD and associated reduced capacity to work.

Key messages
Discussing health-related issues with the employer was seen as a sensitive matter among patients with common mental disorders. Research on best practices for sickness certification and return-to-work was difficult to achieve due to both personal and organizational factors.