bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEI for allograft renal artery stenosis: a unique role and broad implications for renal artery stenosis treatment
Authors: Topaz On 
Published: February 2020

Key Points
Post‐transplant renal artery stenosis is a cause of graft loss and premature death among recipients.
The current study demonstrates that Percutaneous Endovascular Intervention (PEI) in these patients, with either balloon or stent, is feasible, safe and successful with adequate long‐term outcome.
The study offers significant implications on the role of PEI in native renal artery stenosis.
Highly Effective 2D Layer Structured Titanium Carbide Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Jing‐yuan , Sun Mengyao , Zhu Yan‐an , Zhou Huawei , Wu Kezhong , Xiao Jun , Wu Mingxing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, 2D layer‐structured Ti3C2 is synthesized by using an etching method at lower temperature, which is then applied in dye‐sensitized and perovskite solar cells as counter electrode with higher activity compared with conventional TiC particles counter electrode. The dye‐sensitized solar cells fabricated by using a 2D layer‐structured Ti3C2 counter electrode achieves a power conversion efficiency of 9.57 %, much higher than that of the counterpart device fabricated using a TiC particle counter electrode (7.37 %). The excellent activity of the Ti3C2 electrode can be attributed to the superior charge transfer and mass transport properties, owing to the specific 2D layer structure. Moreover, the fabricated 2D layer‐structured Ti3C2 is applied in perovskite solar cells, thereby achieving a power conversion efficiency of 7.78 % without further optimization. Thus, it is a potential candidate for noble metal electrodes.
Weighted ReliefF with threshold constraints of feature selection for imbalanced data classification
Authors: Song Yan , Si Weiyun , Dai Feifan , Yang Guisong 
Published: February 2020

SummaryFeature selection is a useful method for fulfilling the data classification since the inherent heterogeneity of data and the redundancy of features are often encountered in the current data exploding era. Some commonly used feature selection algorithms, which include but are not limited to Pearson, maximal information coefficient, and ReliefF, are well‐posed under the assumption that instances are distributed homogenously in datasets. However, such an assumption might be not true in the practice. As such, in the presence of data imbalance, these traditional feature selection algorithms might be invalid due to their prejudices to the minority class, which includes few samples. The purpose of the addressed problem in this article is to develop an effective feature selection algorithm for imbalanced judicial datasets, which is capable of extracting essential features while deleting negligible ones according to the practical feature requirements. To achieve this goal, the number and the distribution of samples in each class are fully taken into consideration for the correlation analysis. Compared with the traditional feature selection algorithms, the proposed improved ReliefF algorithm is equipped with: (i) different weights of features according to the characteristics of heterogeneous samples in different classes; (ii) justice for imbalanced datasets; and (iii) threshold constraints resulting from the practical feature requirements. Finally, experiments on a judicial dataset and six public datasets well illustrate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed feature selection algorithm in improving the classification accuracy for imbalanced datasets.
Root physiological and biochemical responses of seashore paspalum and centipedegrass exposed to iso‐osmotic salt and drought stresses
Authors: Katuwal Krishna B , Xiao Bo , Jespersen David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDrought and salt are two major stresses of turfgrass. Both damage the plant root system by disrupting osmotic balance at the root–soil interface. The objectives of our hydroponic experiments were to understand root physiological and biochemical responses in two turfgrass species (seashore paspalum [Paspalum vaginatum Swartz] and centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.]) with distinct salinity tolerance exposed to iso‐osmotic drought and salt stresses. Two seashore paspalum genotypes, ‘Seastar’ and ‘UGP113’, and a centipedegrass genotype, ‘TifBlair’, were exposed to three treatments: control, salt stress (−0.4 MPa by adding NaCl), and drought stress (−0.4 MPa by adding polyethylene glycol). Although equal in osmotic potential, drought stress damage was more evident compared with salt stress in terms of lipid peroxidation and decreased root viability in all three turfgrass genotypes. Salt stress reduced root viability only in the centipedegrass genotype, indicating ion toxicity effects in this turfgrass genotype. Seashore paspalum genotypes had greater total accumulation of Na+ and K+ for greater root osmotic adjustment than centipedegrass under salt stress. Seashore paspalum genotypes also had greater activities of root antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase compared with centipedegrass under salt stress. In contrast, centipedegrass had greater total accumulation of total soluble sugar and proline for greater osmotic adjustment compared with seashore paspalum genotypes under drought stress. Despite greater accumulation of organic osmolytes, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in centipedegrass were either lower or similar to those in seashore paspalum genotypes, and therefore centipedegrass accumulated similar oxidative damage as seashore paspalum genotypes under drought stress.
Recurrent phenotypic selection and recurrent selection based on combining ability in tetraploid bahiagrass
Authors: Marcón Florencia , Martínez Eric J. , Zilli Alex L. , Rodríguez Gustavo R. , Brugnoli Elsa A. , Acuña Carlos A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPaspalum notatum Flüggé is an apomictic grass used for forage and turf. The recent generation of a sexual synthetic tetraploid population of the species provides the unique advantage to exploit heterosis by accumulating favorable alleles through recurrent selection cycles. The objective was to evaluate recurrent phenotypic selection (RPS) and recurrent selection based on combining ability (RSCA) as breeding methods. The best sexual genotypes in terms of warm‐season growth from a sexual synthetic tetraploid population were selected by RPS and RSCA. The selected genotypes were polycrossed and two new sexual populations were created, which were crossed with superior apomictic genotypes. Both methods allowed obtaining families that were evaluated for summer, fall, and spring growth. Breeding values and heterosis were also calculated. Summer growth for RPS families was greater than for RSCA families (33.1 and 29.08 g plant−1, respectively); however, fall, spring, and accumulated growth were similar. The breeding value for RPS sexual parents was greater than for RSCA sexual parents for summer growth, whereas those for fall and spring growth were similar. A greater level of families with heterosis (80%) was observed for RPS than for RSCA (30%) for summer growth, whereas the levels for fall and spring growth were similar. These results indicate that both breeding methods were successful in improving tetraploid P. notatum. They increased the mean value of the progenies and produced families superior for forage yield by accumulating favorable alleles.
Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration
Authors: Jenck Clara S. , Lehto Whitley R. , Ketterman Brian T. , Sloan Lukas F. , Sexton Aaron N. , Tinghitella Robin M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBy studying systems in their earliest stages of differentiation, we can learn about the evolutionary forces acting within and among populations and how those forces could contribute to reproductive isolation. Such an understanding would help us to better discern and predict how selection leads to the maintenance of multiple morphs within a species, rather than speciation. The postglacial adaptive radiation of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is one of the best‐studied cases of evolutionary diversification and rapid, repeated speciation. Following deglaciation, marine stickleback have continually invaded freshwater habitats across the northern hemisphere and established resident populations that diverged innumerable times from their oceanic ancestors. Independent freshwater colonization events have yielded broadly parallel patterns of morphological differences in freshwater and marine stickleback. However, there is also much phenotypic diversity within and among freshwater populations. We studied a lesser‐known freshwater “species pair” found in southwest Washington, where male stickleback in numerous locations have lost the ancestral red sexual signal and instead develop black nuptial coloration. We measured phenotypic variation in a suite of traits across sites where red and black stickleback do not overlap in distribution and at one site where they historically co‐occurred. We found substantial phenotypic divergence between red and black morphs in noncolor traits including shape and lateral plating, and additionally find evidence that supports the hypothesis of sensory drive as the mechanism responsible for the evolutionary switch in color from red to black. A newly described third “mixed” morph in Connor Creek, Washington, differs in head shape and size from the red and black morphs, and we suggest that their characteristics are most consistent with hybridization between anadromous and freshwater stickleback. These results lay the foundation for future investigation of the underlying genetic basis of this phenotypic divergence as well as the evolutionary processes that may drive, maintain, or limit divergence among morphs.
Development of a self‐heated‐stage for high‐speed process of titanium by reactive ion etching
Authors: Kiryu Yuya , Han Gang , Imai Junichi , Sohgawa Masayuki , Abe Takashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, we developed a detachable self‐heated‐stage suitable for high‐speed processing of titanium by thermally assisted reactive ion etching (TRIE). The detachable self‐heated stage was designed based on simulation results. The temperature of the stage increases rapidly within 10 minutes with low radio frequency (RF) power, because of the low thermal capacitance. The etch rates of titanium and titanium alloy by the TRIE improved compared with those of titanium and titanium alloy by a regular RIE. In addition, the replacement of the developed stage with another stage became easier than the previous stage.
Fabrication of c‐plane‐oriented hydroxyapatite film on amorphous SiO2 substrate
Authors: Okada Yuki , Watanabe Yuka , Sato Takumi , Kusunoki Masanobu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigated a fabrication technique of c‐plane‐oriented hydroxyapatite (HA) crystalline film on low‐cost amorphous SiO2 substrates to apply the orientation‐controlled HA crystal to disposal biochips. An experiment was conducted by the pulsed laser deposition method. We showed that a high‐quality HA crystalline film was grown using a fluorapatite (FA) buffer layer, which was self‐oriented on amorphous SiO2. A relationship between an FA‐film thickness and the HA quality was examined with an aim of minimizing a toxic risk of F to biomolecules, even if it was eluted from FA. It was found that the thickness of the FA film could be reduced to about 7.5 nm, at the same time, the crystallinity and smoothness of HA were also excellent. A crystal growth model of FA on the amorphous SiO2 was also studied. We considered that highly reactive F in a laser‐ablated plume substituted for O on the substrate surface, which became a migration trap, causing three‐dimensional island growth as FA crystal nuclei. This model consistently agreed with a series of experimental results.
Community efficiency during succession: a test of MacArthur's minimization principle in phytoplankton communities
Authors: Ghedini Giulia , Loreau Michel , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRobert MacArthur's niche theory makes explicit predictions on how community function should change over time in a competitive community. A key prediction is that succession progressively minimizes the energy wasted by a community, but this minimization is a trade‐off between energy losses from unutilised resources and costs of maintenance. By predicting how competition determines community efficiency over time MacArthur's theory may inform on the impacts of disturbance on community function and invasion risk. We provide a rare test of this theory using phytoplankton communities, and find that older communities wasted less energy than younger ones but that the reduction in energy wastage was not monotonic over time. While community structure followed consistent and clear trajectories, community function was more idiosyncratic among adjoining successional stages and driven by total community biomass rather than species composition. Our results suggest that subtle shifts in successional sequence can alter community efficiency and these effects determine community function independently of individual species membership. We conclude that, at least in phytoplankton communities, general trends in community function are predictable over time accordingly to MacArthur's theory. Tests of MacArthur's minimization principle across very different systems should be a priority given the potential of this theory to inform on the functional properties of communities.
Engineering Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for the production of isobutanol
Authors: Nitschel Robert , Ankenbauer Andreas , Welsch Ilona , Wirth Nicolas T. , Massner Christoph , Ahmad Naveed , McColm Stephen , Borges Frédéric , Fotheringham Ian , Takors Ralf , Blombach Bastian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe engineered P. putida for the production of isobutanol from glucose by preventing product and precursor degradation, inactivation of the soluble transhydrogenase SthA, overexpression of the native ilvC and ilvD genes, and implementation of the feedback‐resistant acetolactate synthase AlsS from Bacillus subtilis, ketoacid decarboxylase KivD from Lactococcus lactis, and aldehyde dehydrogenase YqhD from Escherichia coli. The resulting strain P. putida Iso2 produced isobutanol with a substrate specific product yield (YIso/S) of 22 ± 2 mg per gram of glucose under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, we identified the ketoacid decarboxylase from Carnobacterium maltaromaticum to be a suitable alternative for isobutanol production, since replacement of kivD from L. lactis in P. putida Iso2 by the variant from C. maltaromaticum yielded an identical YIso/S. Although P. putida is regarded as obligate aerobic, we show that under oxygen deprivation conditions this bacterium does not grow, remains metabolically active, and that engineered producer strains secreted isobutanol also under the non‐growing conditions.
Preparation of soy sauce by walnut meal fermentation: Composition, antioxidant properties, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory activities
Authors: Xu Jie , Jin Feng , Hao Jing , Regenstein Joe M. , Wang Fengjun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRemaining walnut meal after oil extraction still contains many nutrients. However, these by‐products have not been effectively used. In this study, walnut meal and Aspergillus oryzae (3.042) were used in combination to prepare a soy sauce‐like material with high amino nitrogen content (ANC). The optimal conditions for the preparation of walnut soy sauce (ratio of brine:koji of 1.7:1 for 6 days at 45°C) were determined using response surface experiments (RSE), which showed maximum ANC of 855 mg/100 ml. The results of amino acid analysis indicated that walnut soy sauce had a similar amino acid composition compared with three commercial soy sauces. It contained all the essential amino acids and had a high content of umami amino acids such as Glu and Asp, which may give it a stronger umami taste. Moreover, the crude walnut soy sauce was extracted sequentially using ethyl acetate, n‐butanol, acetone and water, and the total phenols, total flavonoids, reducing sugars, and the peptides of different solvent extracts were measured. Results showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in the ethyl acetate extracts. However, water residue had the highest levels of reducing sugars and peptides. In vitro, the water residue showed the highest antioxidant capacity and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, due to more reducing sugars and peptides. These results indicated that walnut soy sauce may have significant antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity. The findings provide a scientific basis for developing a replacement for soy sauce and broaden the beneficial application of walnut meal.
Equity Care
Authors: Geskey Joseph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn eight hundred‐square‐foot house greets me and a licensed practical nurse. We walk on uneven, disintegrating concrete steps before entering the patient's daughter's home, and we can see a haze of cigarette smoke before we enter the living room. Although the patient is old enough for retirement, she tells me that, if it were up to her, she would still be working. Noticing the medical equipment occupying her room—oxygen, pulse oximeter, and blood pressure machine—I am reminded that our health system is trying, like many other systems across the country, to manage people's chronic illness better by bringing technology into patients’ homes in hopes of preventing hospital readmissions. For this patient, the hope is that, if she gets symptoms that suggest another exacerbation of her chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, she can manage it herself. If I hadn't spent hundreds of hours in patients’ homes, I would have a low threshold for ordering home‐based nursing and telehealth; it would often seem like a good solution.
The United Kingdom Revisits Its Surrogacy Law
Authors: Latham Stephen R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe United Kingdom is partway through a multiyear process of revising its law on surrogacy, both traditional and gestational. In October of 2019, the Law Commission of England and Wales and the Scottish Law Commission—statutorily created independent bodies charged with keeping the law under review and recommending reforms whenever necessary—completed a public consultation on surrogacy. In June, the commissions published an extensive consultation paper laying out the case for surrogacy reform and making tentative recommendations about how revision should proceed. The commissions are now digesting the public's responses, and they aim to have a final report on their proposed revisions of the law and a draft bill for consideration by Parliament in 2021. The foundation of current U.K. surrogacy law was laid in the Surrogacy Arrangements Act of 1985. There are numerous problems with the existing regime.
Trust, Risk, and Race in American Medicine
Authors: Sullivan Laura Specker 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is ample evidence that patient mistrust toward the American medical system is to some extent associated with communal and individual experiences of racism. For groups who have faced exploitation and discrimination at the hands of physicians, the medical profession, and medical institutions, trust is a tall order and, in many cases, would be naive. Nevertheless, trust is often regarded as a central feature of the physician‐patient relationship. In this article, I draw on empirical research, ethical theory, and clinical cases to propose one way that providers might address and, ideally, resolve mistrust when it arises in an immediate case.I describe how medical mistrust has been characterized empirically within medical and bioethics scholarship, and I provide an overview of theories of trust, arguing that they may be unable to account for the risks that providers must take in seeking to establish trust within many American medical institutions. Common assumptions in medical and bioethical scholarship on trust notwithstanding, caring and competence are not always enough to establish a trusting relationship between physician and patient. I suggest that, in an atmosphere of mistrust, comprehension of the existence and source of suspicion is essential to effective signaling of trustworthiness.
A waveguide imaging platform for live‐cell TIRF imaging of neurons over large fields of view
Authors: Opstad Ida S. , Ströhl Florian , Fantham Marcus , Hockings Colin , Vanderpoorten Oliver , van Tartwijk Francesca W. , Lin Julie Qiaojin , Tinguely Jean‐Claude , Dullo Firehun T. , Kaminski‐Schierle Gabriele S. , Ahluwalia Balpreet S. , Kaminski Clemens F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLarge fields of view (FOVs) in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) via waveguides have been shown to be highly beneficial for single molecule localisation microscopy on fixed cells [1,2] and have also been demonstrated for short‐term live‐imaging of robust cell types [3‐5], but not yet for delicate primary neurons nor over extended periods of time. Here, we present a waveguide‐based TIRFM set‐up for live‐cell imaging of demanding samples. Using the developed microscope, referred to as the ChipScope, we demonstrate successful culturing and imaging of fibroblasts, primary rat hippocampal neurons and axons of Xenopus retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The high contrast and gentle illumination mode provided by TIRFM coupled with the exceptionally large excitation areas and superior illumination homogeneity offered by photonic waveguides have potential for a wide application span in neuroscience applications.
Clinical relevance of eosinophils, basophils, serum total IgE level, allergen‐specific IgE, and clinical features in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Hu Yuqing , Liu Shuoshuo , Liu Ping , Mu Zhanglei , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease with diverse clinical features. Although AD is diagnosed mainly by clinical features, the laboratory abnormalities can be found in most patients and may be of diagnostic value. However, few studies have been performed on the clinical significance of laboratory abnormalities in adult and adolescent AD.MethodsAdult and adolescent patients with AD were included in this study. The questionnaire and dermatological examination were completed by investigators. Laboratory tests included complete blood count, serum total IgE, and allergen‐specific IgE.ResultsA total of 473 patients were recruited and 396 of them were diagnosed as AD. Increased serum total IgE level, peripheral eosinophils, and basophils were seen more frequently in AD patients than in non‐AD patients (P < .05). Positive aeroallergens were seen more in AD patients than in non‐AD patients (P < .05). Both total serum IgE level (R = .286, P < .001) and peripheral eosinophils (R = .444, P < .001) significantly correlated with EASI score. Serum total IgE level and extrinsic type AD decreased with age. Patients with elevated serum total IgE are more likely to have a personal history of atopic diseases (P = .014). AD‐associated symptoms (such as flexural dermatitis, white dermographism, and anterior neck folds) are more frequently observed in AD patients with high serum IgE or eosinophilia (P < .05).ConclusionThe serum total IgE level, allergen‐specific IgE, peripheral eosinophils, and basophils are important for the diagnosis of AD. And they are associated with the severity, age groups, and clinical manifestations.