bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation during fig ontogeny suggests opposing selection by mutualists
Authors: Lomáscolo Silvia B. , Levey Douglas J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDioecy allows separation of female and male functions and therefore facilitates separate co‐evolutionary pathways with pollinators and seed dispersers. In monoecious figs, pollinators' offspring develop inside the syconium by consuming some of the seeds. Flower‐stage syconia must attract pollinators, then ripen and attract seed dispersers. In dioecious figs, male (“gall”) figs produce pollen but not viable seeds, as the pollinators' larvae eat all seeds, while female (“seed”) figs produce mostly viable seeds, as pollinators cannot oviposit in the ovules. Hence, gall and seed figs are under selection to attract pollinators, but only seed figs must attract seed dispersers. We test the hypothesis that seed and gall syconia at the flower stage will be similar, while at the fruiting stage they will differ. Likewise, monoecious syconia will be more similar to seed than gall figs because they must attract both pollinators and seed dispersers. We quantified syconium characteristics for 24 dioecious and 11 monoecious fig species and recorded frugivore visits. We show that seed and gall syconia are similar at the flower stage but differ at the fruit stage; monoecious syconia are more similar to seed syconia than they are to gall syconia; seed and gall syconia differentiate through their ontogeny from flower to fruit stages; and frugivores visit more monoecious and seed syconia than gall syconia. We suggest that similarity at the flower stage likely enhances pollination in both seed and gall figs and that differentiation after pollination likely enhances attractiveness to seed dispersers of syconia containing viable seeds. These ontogenetic differences between monoecious and dioecious species provide evidence of divergent responses to selection by pollinators and seed dispersers.
Prognostic impact over time of ischaemic heart disease vs. non‐ischaemic heart disease in heart failure
Authors: Silverdal Jonas , Sjöland Helen , Bollano Entela , Pivodic Aldina , Dahlström Ulf , Fu Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic impact of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in heart failure (HF) and its association to age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), and HF duration, and furthermore, to evaluate if the impact of IHD has changed over time, in light of improved therapy.Methods and resultsWe studied 30 946 patients with non‐valvular HF, by accessing the Swedish Heart Failure Registry, from years 2000 to 2012. The mortality in 17 778 patients with clinical IHD was compared with 13 168 patients without IHD (non‐IHD). There was a significantly worse outcome in IHD, with the crude mortality of 41.1% and the event rate per 100 person‐years [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 14.8 (14.4–15.1), compared with 28.2% and 9.7 (9.4–10.0) in non‐IHD. After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) for mortality, IHD vs. non‐IHD, was 1.16 (1.11–1.22; P < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses showed significantly increased mortality in IHD, in all age subgroups, in all subgroups with EF < 50%, in both men and women, and regardless of heart failure duration more or less than 6 months. Analyses for the combination of age and EF showed the highest HR for time to death in the youngest with the lowest EF, HR (95% CI) 2.05 (1.59–2.64) for patients <60 years of age with EF < 30%. Although a numerical reduction of the HR for mortality was seen over time, the risk for mortality in IHD, compared with the non‐IHD group, was greater throughout the study period.ConclusionsIn non‐valvular heart failure, IHD was associated with significantly increased mortality, compared with non‐IHD, in groups of EF below 50%, in all age groups, and regardless of sex or HF duration. The risk increase associated with EF reduction diminished with increasing age. The mortality in IHD, compared with non‐IHD, remained significantly higher throughout the 13 year study period.
Functional mitral regurgitation and left atrial myopathy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Tamargo Maria , Obokata Masaru , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Lin Grace , Egbe Alexander C. , Nishimura Rick A. , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTAimsMild to moderate functional mitral regurgitation (MR) is common in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) where it is usually considered as an innocent bystander. We hypothesized that MR in HFpEF reflects greater left atrial (LA) myopathy, leading to more adverse haemodynamics and poorer exercise reserve.Methods and resultsPatients with HFpEF (n = 280) with and without MR underwent echocardiography, invasive haemodynamic exercise testing, and expired gas analysis. As compared to non‐MR‐HFpEF (n = 163), patients with MR‐HFpEF (n = 117; 78 mild and 39 moderate, central jet in 90%) were older, more likely female, with lower body mass and higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). HFpEF patients with MR displayed greater LA volume, reduced LA strain and compliance, and greater mitral annular dilatation, which was strongly correlated with LA dilatation (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001) but was only weakly related to left ventricular remodelling (r = 0.37). Patients with MR‐HFpEF displayed worse biventricular function, more adverse pulmonary haemodynamics, impaired pulmonary vasodilatation, blunted right ventricular reserve, and reduced cardiac output with exercise as compared to non‐MR‐HFpEF. Importantly, these findings were maintained after excluding patients with HFpEF and AF, suggesting a role for LA myopathy in contributing to MR in HFpEF, independent of rhythm.ConclusionsFunctional MR in patients with HFpEF reflects LA myopathy, even in the absence of AF, and is associated with greater haemodynamic severity of disease and poorer functional capacity. Further study is required to better define causal mechanisms and potential treatments for MR and LA dysfunction in patients with HFpEF.
Experimental studies on sodium methoxide supported bentonite catalyst for biodiesel preparation from waste sunflower oil
Authors: Naik Bukke Devaraj , Meivelu Udayakumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClays are abundantly available support material used for the preparation of green heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel. In the present study, bentonite clay supported on sodium methoxide catalyst was prepared by impregnation process. The catalyst characterization was done by powder X‐ray diffraction, brunauer–emmett–teller analysis, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and Hammett indicator techniques. The study for determination of optimal parameters in biodiesel production was carried out using response surface methodology. A biodiesel yield of 94.33% was achieved with 2 wt% catalyst amount, 12:1 M ratio of methanol to oil, 70 min reaction time at 55°C. It was observed that the prepared catalyst has good catalytic activity. An additional significance of the synthesized catalyst was that it could be easily recovered and used in consecutive cycles without any substantial loss of catalytic activity. The physical and chemical fuel properties were determined and met the American Society for Testing and Materials Standard.
Anticyanobacterial process and action mechanism of Streptomyces sp. HJC‐D1 on Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Kong Yun , Wang Qing , Chen Yijun , Xu Xiangyang , Zhu Liang , Yao Huaming , Pan Hongzhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEutrophication of environmental waters and occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms have drawn much attention all over the world. For controlling cyanobacteria overgrowth, biological control methods such as anticyanobacterial process by microorganisms have been recently explored. In this study, a Streptomyces strain named HJC‐D1 is isolated from an eutrophic pond in China, which exhibited anticyanobacterial activity against a representative bloom‐forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Based on its morphology and 16S rRNA sequence, the isolated strain is identified as Streptomyces sp. Results show that the M. aeruginosa is biodegraded by the isolated strain HJC‐D1, and the Chl a removal efficiency is 53.5 ± 4.3%–62.6 ± 3.3% at the initial Chl a concentration of 0.2713–0.6375 mg L−1. The anticyanobacterial mechanism of Streptomyces sp. on M. aeruginosa is that the growth of cyanobacterial cell is destroyed by the active substances secreted by strain HJC‐D1, and TEM results demonstrate the degradation processes are divided into three steps: cell breakage, organelle release, and cell death. The isolated microorganism may be a potential environment‐friendly strain and provides a possible approach for Microcystis bloom control in lakes and reservoirs.
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Cobalt to Freshwater Organisms: Using a Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Establish International Water Quality Standards
Authors: Stubblefield William A. , Van Genderen Eric , Cardwell Allison S. , Heijerick Dagobert G. , Janssen Colin R. , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Water quality standards for cobalt (Co) have not been developed for the European Union or United States. The objective of the present study was to produce freshwater Co toxicity data that could be used by both the European Union and the United States to develop appropriate regulatory standards (i.e., environmental quality standards or predicted-no-effect concentrations in Europe and ambient water quality criteria or state water quality standards in the United States). Eleven species, including algae, an aquatic plant, and several invertebrate and fish species, were used in the performance of acute and chronic Co toxicity tests. Acute median lethal or median effective concentration (LC50 or EC50) values ranged from 90.1 µg Co/L for duckweed (Lemna minor) to 157 000 µg Co/L for midges (Chironomus tentans). Chronic 10% effect concentration (EC10) values ranged from 4.9 µg Co/L for duckweed to 2170 µg Co/L for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Chronic 20% effect concentration (EC20) values ranged from 11.1 µg Co/L for water flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia) to 2495 µg Co/L for O. mykiss. Results indicated that invertebrate and algae/plant species are more sensitive to chronic Co exposures than fish. Acute-to-chronic ratios (derived as acute LC50s divided by chronic EC20s) were lowest for juvenile O. mykiss (0.6) and highest for the snail Lymnaea stagnalis (2670). Following the European-based approach and using EC10 values, species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were developed and a median hazardous concentration for 5% of the organisms of 1.80 µg Co/L was derived. Chronic EC20 values were used, also in an SSD approach, to derive a US Environmental Protection Agency–style final chronic value of 7.13 µg Co/L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:799–811. © 2020 SETAC
Amygdala and nucleus accumbens involvement in appetitive extinction
Authors: Kruse Onno , Klein Sanja , Tapia León Isabell , Stark Rudolf , Klucken Tim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtinction of appetitive conditioning is regarded as an important model for the treatment of psychiatric disorders like addiction. However, very few studies have investigated its neural correlates. Therefore, we investigated neural correlates of appetitive extinction in a large human sample including all genders (N = 76, 40 females) to replicate and extend results from a previous study. During differential appetitive conditioning, one stimulus (CS+) was paired with the chance to win a monetary reward, whereas another stimulus (CS−) was not. During appetitive extinction on the next day, neither the CS+ nor the CS− were reinforced. After successful acquisition of appetitive conditioning, the extinction phase elicited significant reductions of valence and arousal ratings toward the CS+ and a significant reduction in skin conductance responses to the CS+ from early to late extinction. On a neural level, early extinction showed significant differential (CS+ − CS−) activation in dACC and hippocampus, whereas involvement of the vACC and caudate nucleus did not replicate. The differential activation of amygdala and nucleus accumbens during late extinction was replicated, with the amygdala displaying significantly higher differential activation during the late phase of extinction as compared to the early phase of extinction. We show discernible signals for reward learning and extinction in subregions of amygdala and nucleus accumbens after extinction learning. This successful replication underlines the role of nucleus accumbens and amygdala in neural models of appetitive extinction in humans that was previously only based on animal findings.
The effect of health insurance on crime: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion
Authors: He Qiwei , Barkowski Scott 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLittle evidence exists on the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on criminal behavior, a gap in the literature that this paper seeks to address. Using a simple model, we argue we should anticipate a decrease in time devoted to criminal activities in response to the expansion, because the availability of the ACA Medicaid coverage raises the opportunity cost of crime. This prediction is particularly relevant for the ACA expansion because it primarily affects childless adults, a population likely to contain individuals who engage in criminal behavior. We validate this forecast empirically using a difference‐in‐differences framework, estimating the expansion's effects on panel datasets of state‐ and county‐level crime rates. Our estimates suggest that the ACA Medicaid expansion was negatively associated with burglary, vehicle theft, homicide, robbery, and assault. These crime‐reduction spillover effects represent an important offset to the government's cost burden for the ACA Medicaid expansion.
High resolution, label‐free photoacoustic imaging of live chicken embryo developing in bioengineered eggshell
Authors: Sharma Arunima , Ishak Noreen , Swee‐Hin Teoh , Pramanik Manojit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChicken embryos have been proven to be an attractive vertebrate model for biomedical research. They have helped in making significant contributions for advancements in various fields like developmental biology, cancer research and cardiovascular studies. However, a non‐invasive, label‐free method of imaging live chicken embryo at high resolution still needs to be developed and optimized. In this work, we have shown the potential of photoacoustic tomography (PAT) for imaging live chicken embryos cultured in bioengineered eggshells. Laser pulses at wavelengths of 532 and 740 nm were used for attaining cross‐sectional images of chicken embryos at different developmental stages. Cross‐sections along different depths were imaged to gain knowledge of the relative depth of different vessels and organs. Due to high optical absorption of vasculature and embryonic eye, images with good optical contrast could be acquired using this method. We have thus reported a label‐free method of performing cross‐sectional imaging of chicken embryos at high resolution demonstrating the capacity of PAT as a promising tool for avian embryo imaging.
Label‐free diagnosis for colorectal cancer through coffee ring‐assisted surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy on blood serum
Authors: Hong Yan , Li Yongqiang , Huang Libin , He Wei , Wang Shouxu , Wang Chong , Zhou Guoyun , Chen Yuanming , Zhou Xin , Huang Yifeng , Huang Wen , Gong Tianxun , Zhou Zongguang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is garnering considerable attention for the swift diagnosis of pathogens and abnormal biological status, that is, cancers. In this work, a simple, fast and inexpensive optical sensing platform is developed by the design of SERS sampling and data analysis. The pretreatment of spectral measurement employed gold nanoparticle colloid mixing with the serum from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The droplet of particle‐serum mixture formed coffee‐ring‐like region at the rim, providing strong and stable SERS profiles. The obtained spectra from cancer patients and healthy volunteers were analyzed by unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised machine learning model, such as support‐vector machine (SVM), respectively. The results demonstrate that the SVM model provides the superior performance in the classification of CRC diagnosis compared with PCA. In addition, the values of carcinoembryonic antigen from the blood samples were compiled with the corresponding SERS spectra for SVM calculation, yielding improved prediction results.
Ezh2 Ameliorates Osteoarthritis by Activating TNFSF13B
Authors: Du Xiaotian , Chen Yishan , Zhang Qin , Lin Junxin , Yu Yeke , Pan Zongyou , Sun Heng , Yuan Chunhui , Yu Dongsheng , Wu Haoyu , Zhang Xiaoan , Dai Jun , Zhu Shouan , Zhou Yiting , Ouyang Hongwei 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Epigenetic regulation is highly correlated with osteoarthritis (OA) development, whereas its role and detailed mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we explored the expression of EZH2, an H3K27me3 transferase, in human OA cartilages and its roles in regulating OA pathogenesis. Here, we found EZH2 was highly expressed in both mice and human OA cartilage samples by using histological analysis and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The medial meniscectomy (MMx) OA model results indicated the conditional knockout of Ezh2 deteriorated OA pathological conditions. Furthermore, we showed the positive role of Ezh2 in cartilage wound healing and inhibition of hypertrophy through activating TNFSF13B, a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Further, we also indicated that the effect of TNFSF13B, increased by Ezh2, might boost the healing of chondrocytes through increasing the phosphorylation of Akt. Taken together, our results uncovered an EZH2-positive subpopulation existed in OA patients, and that EZH2-TNFSF13B signaling was responsible for regulating chondrocyte healing and hypertrophy. Thus, EZH2 might act as a new potential target for OA diagnosis and treatment. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Challenging the patient and therapist during evolving phases of a veteran's treatment within a strong public–private partnership
Authors: Spray Amanda M. , Wen Irina , Price Laura E. , Marmar Charles R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVeterans Health Administration (VA) Medical Centers provide excellent care for many veterans. However, there are a number of veterans who are ineligible or choose not to access mental health treatment at the VA. To meet the needs of those veterans and of military family members, private centers have emerged to fill in gaps where care is unavailable or scarce. This paper describes how one such center, the Steven A. Cohen Military Family Center at NYU Langone Health, partnered with the local VA hospital to give one veteran ineligible for free mental health services the care he desperately needed. The case demonstrates the transformative work that can take place when public–private partnerships are forged and evidence‐based treatments can be provided in a flexible way. It also illustrates the complexity of many veterans' presentations, which in this case required the therapist to continually challenge her conceptualization as she and the patient navigated different phases of his treatment.
The role of GABAergic neural circuits in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Di Jing , Li Jian , O’Hara Bruce , Alberts Ian , Xiong Lei , Li Jijun , Li Xiaohong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a heterogeneous range of neurodevelopmental conditions represented by symptoms including, communication and language deficits, repetitive, and restricted patterns of behavior and inadequate social interactions. Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to mediate I responses in the central nervous system by interacting with GABA signaling receptors. In this context, several recent investigations suggest that imbalances in the GABAergic neurotransmission system may be implicated in the development of ASD as well as several other neurodevelopmental disorders, including Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Rett syndrome. This review initially expounds the functional role of the GABAergic system in the mature brain and during neurodevelopment. This will be followed by discussions concerning the impact of deficiencies in the system on ASD and the other above‐mentioned neurodevelopment disorders. Finally, the connections between these deficiencies and behavioral features observed in the clinic will be considered.
Organization and product design pairings: A review of product innovation capabilities, conceptualization, and future directions
Authors: Mafimisebi Oluwasoye P. , Obembe Demola , Aluko Oluwakayode 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProduct innovation capabilities significantly shape and determine the success of architectural pairings between organization design and product designs, and act as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. This article draws on the resource‐based view of firms and market orientation theory to present a complementary view of the influence of product innovation capabilities on organization and product design pairings. Three complementary factors; market orientation, organizational form, and managerial strategic decisions, act as essential determinants for emergence of architectural pairings, by accounting for pairing selection processes, customer benefits, cost reduction and product development, and consequently superior organizational performance. We identify scope for future research to evaluate measures and validity of product innovation capability dimensions, and the extent of influence of the identified factors on architectural pairings.
The role of knowledge creation modes in architectural innovation
Authors: Azzam Ala'a , He Qile , Sarpong David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractKnowledge creation modes (especially socialization and internalization) enhance architectural innovation (AI) capability of U.K. manufacturing firms. AI is the reconfiguration of product or process components and creating completely new interfaces between them. Knowledge creation modes enhance firms' AI to create new products while utilizing their architectural knowledge. Knowledge socialization and internalization are the most important modes that affect AI. Socialization helps to share tacit knowledge while internalization enables individuals to absorb and embody accumulated know‐how to envision new product ideas.