bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Magloire Marina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The introduction introduces the tensions and contradictions that have arisen over the course of the past century of Black American women’s engagement with Haitian spirituality. From a lack of engagement with Haitian women writers to the feelings of fear, shame, and incomprehension that some Black American women have experienced during visits to Haiti, this chapter outlines the way Haiti exists largely as an idea in texts by Black American women. Though the idea of Haiti is often in tension with the reality of life in Haiti, it continues to hold a powerful sway over the hearts and minds of Black women in diaspora who long for freedom, self-determination, and ancestral connection.
An Ethics of Discomfort
Authors: Magloire Marina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the evolution of Katherine Dunham’s relationship with Haiti through archival research and a consideration of her 1969 ethnographic memoir, Island Possessed. Beginning with the influence of the American occupation of Haiti on the Harlem Renaissance, it argues that primitivist discourses framing Vodou as an instinctive capacity latent in all people of African origins provided interwar black artists like Dunham with a tantalizing possibility of Pan-African solidarity, through which they could mobilize their desire for connection with an obscured past and an imagined community in the present. When her 1930s fieldwork inevitably ran aground on the wall of cultural difference, however, Dunham’s initial feelings of discomfort in Haiti transformed her writing into an interrogation of the supposedly innate and homogeneous nature of blackness. The language and praxis of Vodou proved flexible enough to provide her with the vocabulary to articulate a more nuanced version of diasporic blackness beyond her pre-conceived notions of an easy or automatic alliance between all black people.
Uneasy Blackness
Authors: Magloire Marina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter Three considers the role of black American women’s engagements with Afro-diasporic religious systems more broadly to critique gender politics within black communities, revealing internecine rifts in black liberation ideologies. It puts poets Audre Lorde and Lucille Clifton in conversation with black power ideologies of the 1970s and 1980s, discourses into which they are seldom scripted. For Lorde and Clifton, Afro-diasporic spirituality becomes both escape and antidote to a gender restrictive black nationalism which they could never want or hope to access. The virulent authenticity politics of the era and the dominion that these held over memories of Africa shunted both women onto spiritual paths deemed outside of the movement. In her poetry collection The Black Unicorn and in her essays collected in Sister Outsider, Lorde turned to African and diasporic pantheons of spirits for a version of revolution in which black lesbians are the vanguard rather than the outliers. Meanwhile, in her unpublished spirit writings, Clifton turned to an ancestral practice of spirit communication that allowed her to position herself as an omniscient authority on the past, present, and future of black people. Despite the nascent popularity of African derived spiritualities among African Americans in the 1970s, they are rarely considered to be black power ideologies.
Weird Sisters
Authors: Magloire Marina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter Four turns to the ambiguous and overdetermined influence of New Orleans on Black feminism. This chapter focuses on Luisah Teish’s 1985 spiritual autobiography Jambalaya: A Natural Woman’s Handbook and Toni Cade Bambara’s 1980 novel The Salt Eaters to argue that New Orleans represented many of the pitfalls and possibilities of Third World feminist spiritual connections. Both texts work at the intersection between a burgeoning New Age spirituality and Third World women’s movements that sought to consolidate different cultural traditions into a unified liberation front.
Looking for Marie
Authors: Magloire Marina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter Five blends personal narrative and New Orleans cultural history to create a transhistorical theorization of black feminists’ search for mentors in the archive. The chapter first follows Zora Neale Hurston’s search for the nineteenth-century priestess Marie Laveau in New Orleans in Mules and Men (1928), then contrasts Alice Walker’s parallel search for Zora Neale Hurston’s grave in Florida in 1975. While Hurston positions herself as an apprentice to Marie Laveau’s fantastic and semi-fictive public legacy, Walker represents herself as a loving daughter speaking her mother’s buried truth. Both models of historical reclamation respond to a lacunar and unknowable history of black women’s resistance, and that their creation of alternative historical narratives is always in the service of political goals in the present. In the face of lost archives, the methodology of black feminists often resembles the methodology of New Orleans hoodoo practitioners: using the grave dust of the dead for the empowerment and advancement of the living.
Conclusion
Authors: Magloire Marina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The conclusion discusses the resurgence of interest in Afro-diasporic religious and magical practice among black women, as well as queer and trans people, within the past five years. The renewed interest in astrology, tarot, and plant-based medicine among black women is linked to the earlier spiritual explorations of the black feminists discussed in the book. The conclusion argues that ancestral reconciliation can be achieved, not through a return to a fictive African past, but through a careful attention to our more recent ancestors detailed in the book, whose messiness serves as a cartography of an affective landscape that has changed surprisingly little since Hurston and Dunham embarked on their Caribbean fieldwork.
Neglect and Underdevelopment
Authors: Mayorga Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how residents used the specter of neglect in urban space. Residents used neglect to interpret the exploitative and dehumanizing conditions of underdevelopment as a relation of racial capitalism. Neglect at the hands of the city and landlords is discussed. Underdevelopment in Cincinnati is also discussed detail, giving a fuller account of racial capitalism’s shape and harms.
Respectability, Antiblackness, and Suspicion
Authors: Mayorga Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, norms of racial capitalism are identified. Most residents relied on racial capitalist norms of respectability, antiblackness, and suspicion when interacting with one another. These norms were directly related to the racial capitalist specters of neglect (respectability), trash talk (antiblackness), and security (suspicion) discussed in previous chapters.
Beginnings
Authors: Menconi David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rounder had collegiate roots, as its co-founders Ken Irwin, Bill Nowlin and Marian Leighton Levy all met while students at universities in the Northeastern U.S. They were all music fans, of folk music most of all, spending a lot of time at Boston’s legendary Club 47 hearing the likes of Greenbriar Boys and Dock Boggs. Over time, they were drawn to the place that music came from, the American South.
Ol’ Number 0044
Authors: Menconi David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
J.D. Crowe & the New South was Rounder’s next major milestone, released in 1975 and called by many (Alison Krauss among them) the greatest bluegrass album of all time. It was also Rounder’s first super-group, featuring Tony Rice, Jerry Douglas, and Ricky Skaggs. Rounder’s success was making it a destination for bluegrass, the label everyone wanted to be on and a haven for acts too raw for Nashville. Louisiana also emerged as another Rounder center in the mid-1970s, many associated with Cajun fiddler Dewey Balfa.
Bad to the Bone
Authors: Menconi David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rounder’s first appearance on the mainstream pop charts was with an unlikely act, George Thorogood, who they had to be talked into signing because his blues-rock was so different from everything else they did. But he unexpectedly blew up, eventually earning Rounder’s first gold record. There were inevitable growing pains as a result, and Thorogood eventually took the jump to a major label.
O Brother (and Sister), Where Art Thou?
Authors: Menconi David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A Rounder compilation played a significant role in the Coen Brothers’ 2000 movie “O Brother, Where Art Thou?,” yielding up the opening-credits song. Rounder was key to the whole project, with many roster acts appearing on the unexpectedly successful soundtrack album, which made stars of bluegrass patriarch Ralph Stanley and singer-songwriter Gillian Welch. Rounder scored with albums like “O Sister! The Women’s Bluegrass Collection” and “Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Once More, with Feeling.”
Introduction
Authors: Myers Sarah Parry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
When the U.S. military utilized women pilots to fly military aircraft for the first-time during World War II, women joined for similar motivations as male pilots who all possessed a deep love of flying. There were gendered debates within these female pilots’ families and expectations for military women in American society. The WASP fought against stereotyped conceptions of their abilities as they flew on military bases across the continental United States. The thirty-eight female pilots who lost their lives in service to their country did not receive recognition as the WASP were officially civilians during the war. Ultimately, the WASPs battled male resistance and denigration of their abilities within contested airspaces while creating a military sisterhood and an identity as pilots, which they harnessed in the 1970s to fight for their rights to the title “veteran.”
We Live in the Wind and Sand and Our Eyes Are on the Stars
Authors: Myers Sarah Parry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The WASP fostered camaraderie and identity as pilots in this unique military space dedicated to training only women aviators at airfields in Texas. Creating and maintaining traditions such as class songs, pilot rituals, and newsletters, they formed a military sisterhood and pilot culture that fostered trainees’ successes while challenging definitions of military personnel. Fears of military women’s sexuality led the Army Air Force to institute additional gendered military rules and regulations. The WASP actively fought gendered assumptions about the limitations of their bodies, intelligence, and psychological abilities as they fought their way to graduation and demonstrated their flying skills. As they donned their uniforms after graduation, they constructed an identity that denoted status, citizenship, and the language of the military. As they left the all-female base in Sweetwater and entered male-dominated bases across the United States, they proved their ability to adeptly fly military aircraft and put their training to use.
Not One of Congress’s Cares
Authors: Myers Sarah Parry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Congressional debates surrounding the militarization bill for the WASP illuminated gendered wartime fears. Despite their wartime successes piloting every type of aircraft available in the Army Air Force with an aptitude similar to men’s, congressmen viewed the WASP program as a threat to gender roles, and they chose to listen to falsified testimony rather than the testimony of top AAF officials. The 1944 militarization bill failed in Congress due to numerous factors, including the media’s coverage, the conclusion of the War Training Service, which left male pilot instructors eligible for combat, media portrayals, and the actions of Jacqueline Cochran. The WASP program disbanded without military status or benefits, and women were excluded from military flying until the early 1970s. This disbandment left high altitudes as spaces literally for men, who now also dominated jet and space aviation.
Food Denied, Food for Freedom
Authors: Smith II Bobby J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Through an analysis of extensive archival materials and historical scholarship, this chapter examines the 1962-63 Greenwood Food Blockade in the Delta town of Greenwood in Leflore County. The Blockade reveals how Black activists and sharecroppers were blindsided by the use of food as a form of voter suppression by white elected officials. This move instigated a six-month food crisis that exacerbated food insecurity in Black sharecropping communities. In response, the communities and civil rights activists operationalized an innovative food program known as “Food for Freedom”: a translocal network of actors including activists, sharecroppers, community leaders, political figures, and organizations that came together to transform food into a symbol of freedom, representing one of the first manifestations of emancipatory food power in the movement. This chapter shows how the Food for Freedom program brought food power politics not only to the center of the struggle for civil rights in Mississippi but also exposed the use of food as a weapon against the movement to the nation. Tensions surrounding the blockade reveal how the event is an entry point for the food story of the Mississippi civil rights movement that created space for new articulations of white supremacy and Black freedom.
Another Kind of Oppression
Authors: Smith II Bobby J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drawing on rarely used archival materials, newspapers, legislative hearings, and correspondences, this chapter documents a forgotten 1960s food stamps campaign that mobilized white grocers and their affiliates in the Delta. Led by the Lewis Grocer Company, Mississippi’s largest wholesaler-retailer at the time, the campaign used food stamps to transform food into an economic weapon against Black sharecropping communities. Civil rights activists like Fannie Lou Hamer knew this, as she described the federal food stamp program as “another kind of oppression.” This chapter reveals how the advent of food stamps in Mississippi was instigated by the president of the Lewis Grocer Company to protect the self-interests of white grocers and exert the company’s domination over commercial food spaces. This level of food power was shaped by white supremacy and rooted in the history of the Lewis Grocer Company’s role in the region’s plantation economy which in turn shaped the food realties of Black sharecroppers between the late 1800s and 1960s. The interactions between white grocery stores, plantation culture, and civil rights provide the necessary context for understanding how activists organized against the food stamps and the reemergence of emancipatory food power in the movement.
Black Food, Black Jobs
Authors: Smith II Bobby J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Interfacing the records of the North Bolivar County Farm Cooperative (NBCFC) and other archival materials, this chapter examines how the NBCFC generated emancipatory food power in the Mississippi civil rights movement. To do this, the NBCFC created a local Black food economy that empowered Black sharecroppers and rural Black mothers to place their material needs at the center of the movement. Facing a shifting post–1965 civil rights movement that collided with food stamp politics and changes in the agricultural economy of the Delta, the NBCFC’s local Black food economy was a source of food security and economic mobility. Led by activist Mrs. L. C. Dorsey, the NBCFC continued the regional Black agrarian tradition of agency and self-determination in the production, consumption, and distribution of food. This chapter shows how this tradition shaped the emancipatory food power wielded by the NBCFC to sustain the lives of its members as the Delta’s plantation system collapsed. The NBCFC’s ability to operationalize a local Black food economy sets the stage for understanding how the food story of the Mississippi civil rights movement continues today in the food justice efforts of rural Black youth in the Delta.
From Civil Rights to Food Justice
Authors: Smith II Bobby J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drawing on interviews, primary sources, newspapers, and media, this chapter fast-forwards to the present-day food story of the Mississippi civil rights movement. It examines how Black youth in the North Bolivar County Good Food Revolution (NBCGFR) in the Delta are extending the civil rights struggle for food and economic security initiated by the North Bolivar County Farm Cooperative (NBCFC) to generate an updated version of emancipatory food power. Many of the youth in the NBCGFR are descendants of Black sharecroppers in the Delta who navigated a plantation system that was designed to strip them of their agency and autonomy in the production, consumption, and distribution of food. While the geographic lines that demarcated large plantations in the region have disappeared, questions around food struggles in rural Black communities remain. Through agripreneurship, farming, and youth leadership development, the NBCGFR takes up these questions as they operationalize their vision for their growing food justice movement in the Delta. Working with the Delta Fresh Foods Initiative and local Black farmer-mentors, the NBCGFR builds on the past to build sustainable Black food futures where Black communities have food security and the power to dictate when, where, and how they access food.
Conclusion
Authors: Smith II Bobby J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The conclusion discusses how the food story of the Mississippi civil rights movement challenges us to think explicitly about how we understand the civil rights movement and how it can be used to enhance current struggles for food justice and food sovereignty in Black communities. This discussion clarifies how food power politics as a social struggle and theoretical framework pushes us to think critically about how power—in historical and contemporary contexts—shapes the food realities of Black people. It raises questions about emancipatory food power that point to the ways in which social change in Black communities involves the simultaneous process of dismantling oppression and building sustainable solutions in their fight against inequalities in and outside the food system. The conclusion ends by reflecting on how this book creates a space to think critically about how the interaction between food and power in Black life offers us a way to rethink the past, navigate the present, and build a socially just and food secure future for all.
Murky Waters and Muddy Ground
Authors: Nelson John William 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Introduction begins with the arrival of a young fur trader, Gurdon Hubbard, to Chicago’s portage for the first time in 1819. His account shows Chicago as a cosmopolitan space that served to connect two major watersheds of the continent through its key portages, where canoes and supplies could span the Mississippi drainage and the Great Lakes waters. The introduction goes on to lay out the historiographic stakes of exploring the prolonged contest over Chicago’s local space, with an eye towards how geography and local ecologies shaped the terms of cross-cultural encounter. In so doing, it proposes that the environmental and human history of local spaces can tell us as much, if not more, about the continental history of contact and conquest as a vast early American perspective. Through the microhistorical saga of Chicago’s canoe routes, we can appreciate the broader trends that shaped power dynamics in the borderlands of early America from its earlier Indigenous history through the era of the early republic.
Crossroads
Authors: Nelson John William 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter Three introduces the Anishinaabeg (the collective autonym of the related Odawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibwe peoples) as the key groups of Indigenous newcomers to Chicago’s portages. The chapter begins with the first documented arrivals of Anishinaabeg in the late 1740s, drawn by the significant potential of the area as a nexus of travel routes, commercial outlets, and hunting opportunities beyond direct French oversight. This chapter takes an explicitly Indigenous centered approach to understanding the significance of Chicago’s geography. Indigenous skills in waterborne travel and environmental knowledge allowed the Anishinaabeg to prosper in a space which had eluded earlier European efforts to consolidate control over Chicago’s portages. The chapter documents how, from the 1740s through the Revolutionary era, Chicago’s Anishinaabeg demonstrated a profound resilience undergirded by the power of their new location at this periphery-turned-homeland. Chicago’s powerful geography in the uncertain borderlands of Revolutionary America allowed the Anishinaabeg who settled there to prosper and endure through a half-century of upheaval.
Thoroughfare
Authors: Nelson John William 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the ending of the American Revolution, the United States began advancing claims on the lands south of Lake Michigan and north of the Ohio River, including Chicago. American officials became convinced that controlling key geographic features, like Chicago’s portage, was the solution for frontier stability in the early years of American expansion. This chapter explores the Americans’ geographic logic, tracing how the U.S. made a concerted effort to bring the space and movement of Chicago’s waterways under U.S. authority by securing the adjacent lands and building a military post there by 1803. These efforts brought the U.S. into a headlong clash with Chicago’s local population—both the Anishinaabeg and resident fur traders—who still claimed sovereignty over the area and used the portages to facilitate unrestricted travel and trade between the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley. These clashing visions culminated in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, a deadly encounter which took place between Chicago’s Anishinaabeg and the American garrison stationed there during the War of 1812. After a stunning victory, the Anishinaabeg of the region had reasserted their role as sole brokers of geographic authority at the portages.
The Afro-Latino Memoir
Authors: Masiki Trent 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite their literary and cultural significance, Afro-Latino memoirs have been marginalized in both Latino and African American studies. Trent Masiki remedies this problem by bringing critical attention to the understudied African American influences in Afro-Latino memoirs published after the advent of the Black Arts movement. Masiki argues that these memoirs expand the meaning of Black identity for both Latinos and African Americans. Using interpretive strategies and historical methods from literary and cultural studies, Masiki shows how Afro-Latino memoir writers often turn to the African American experience as a model for articulating their Afro-Latinidad. African American literary production, expressive culture, political ideology, and religiosity shaped Afro-Latino subjectivity more profoundly than typically imagined between the post-war and post-soul eras. Masiki recovers this neglected history by exploring how and why Black nationalism shaped Afro-Latinidad in the United States. This book opens the border between the canons of Latino and African American literature, encouraging greater intercultural solidarities between Latinos and African Americans in the era of Black Lives Matter.