bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Migrant Live-in Care Workers’ Burden/Burnout and Job Satisfaction When Caring for Frail Older Persons in Israel
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Golander Hava 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify how work characteristics affect migrant live-in care workers’ burden/burnout as well as their job satisfaction.MethodsData from 116 migrant live-in care workers were collected in 2013–2014 in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem through structured interviews about their job satisfaction and their degree of burden/burnout. Due to the conceptual and empirical similarity (zero-order correlation and joint internal reliability), of burden and burnout, the 2 were combined into one variable. These outcome measures were examined in connection with the older person’s level of disability, care workers’ relationship with the older person, and their employment conditions.ResultsAccording to the regression models, work characteristics (care recipients’ functional status and care workers’ relationship with the care recipient) had a direct impact on burden/burnout. Employment-related variables (employment conditions and satisfaction with those conditions) had an indirect effect. A combination of work characteristics (relationship with the older person) together with the care worker’s response to employment conditions (satisfaction with employment conditions) had a direct influence on the care workers’ job satisfaction. Problematic employment conditions had an indirect effect.DiscussionThe results suggest that fostering better relationships and improving employment conditions could help reduce care workers’ burden/burnout as well as improve their degree of satisfaction.
“If You Don’t Keep Going, You’re Gonna Die”: Helplessness and Perseverance Among Older Adults Living With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Stensland Meredith 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide and the most common pain complaint among the rapidly growing older adult population. As part of a larger qualitative study examining the lived experience of CLBP among older adults, the objective of the present study is to understand how older pain clinic patients experience helplessness and also how they foster perseverance amid treatment-resistant CLBP.

Research Design and Methods
Using van Manen’s phenomenological method, semistructured, in-depth, one-on-one interviews were conducted with 21 older pain clinic patients (aged 66–83) living with CLBP. Data were iteratively analyzed via line-by-line thematic coding.

Results
Findings dually illustrate how participants were living a battle between helplessness and perseverance; the final thematic structure revealed 5 subthemes: (a) Feeling helpless because nothing works; (b) Feeling down and depressed; (c) Distantly wishing for an end; (d) Accepting the reality of my pain; and (e) The pain stays, I keep going.

Discussion and Implications
This study contributes a vivid illustration of older adults’ CLBP illness experiences that are substantially underpinned by helplessness, depression, and a drive to continue thriving in old age. Practice implications include the need for clinic-based mood and suicide assessment.
Problems of Data Availability and Quality for COVID-19 and Older People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Lloyd-Sherlock Peter , Sempe Lucas , McKee Martin , Guntupalli Aravinda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For all health conditions, reliable age-disaggregated data are vital for both epidemiological analysis and monitoring the relative prioritization of different age groups in policy responses. This is especially essential in the case of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), given the strong association between age and case fatality. This paper assesses the availability and quality of age-based data on reported COVID-19 cases and deaths for low- and middle-income countries. It finds that the availability of reliable data which permit specific analyses of older people is largely absent. The paper explores the potential of excess mortality estimates as an alternative metric of the pandemic’s effects on older populations. Notwithstanding some technical challenges, this may offer a better approach, especially in countries where cause of death data are unreliable.
Performance of an Abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) in Three Ethnic Groups of Older Asian Americans
Authors: Jang Yuri , Powers Daniel A , Park Nan Sook , Chiriboga David A , Chi Iris , Lubben James 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The present study examined the measurement quality and performance of an abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) in three ethnic groups (Chinese, Koreans, and Vietnamese) of older Asian Americans, addressing both within- and cross-group validations.

Research Design and Methods
We selected 605 participants aged 50 or older (242 Chinese, 150 Koreans, and 213 Vietnamese) from the 2015 Asian American Quality of Life survey, conducted with self-identified Asian Americans aged 18 or above living in central Texas. We analyzed LSNS-6 data on measurement qualities (internal consistency and corrected item-total correlation), dimensionality (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), and correlations with other indicators.

Results
LSNS-6 showed very good internal consistency in each ethnic group, and the two-factor structure of family and friends were invariant across the groups. The items on friends demonstrated greater homogeneity than those on family and emerged as a first factor. Both subscale and total scores of LSNS-6 were associated in expected directions with the social and health indicators considered.

Discussion and Implications
The findings confirm the measurement qualities of LSNS-6 within each group and provide support for measurement invariance across the groups. While the observed difference in family and friend networks warrants further investigation, LSNS-6 serves as a viable option for the assessment of social networks. When using LSNS-6 with older Asian Americans, it is highly recommended to use the family/friend subscales in consideration of cultural and immigration contexts.
Harmonic tremor model during the 2011 Shinmoe-dake eruption, Japan
Authors: Takeo Minoru 
Published: October 2020

Summary
The Shinmoe-dake volcano started with three sub-Plinian eruptions from 26 to 27 January 2011, followed by a magma effusive stage from 28 to 31 January 2011, and Vulcanian eruptions occurred frequently during 1 to 10 February 2011. During the magma effusive and Vulcanian stages, multiple episodes of harmonic tremors were observed at stations near the summit crater. Although harmonic tremors have been observed at various volcanoes worldwide, the source mechanism remains poorly understood. This paper proposes a source model for harmonic tremors, which is composed of a nonlinear viscous fluid flow in a flexible channel. A simple lumped parameter model is used to consider the process. The dynamics are described by a third-order system of ordinary differential equations using model variables for a cross-sectional area of the constricted segment and the fluid velocities in the upstream and downstream tubes. This model produces various kinds of trajectories for self-sustained oscillations that change the reservoir pressure connected on the upstream channel of the model. Linearization analysis around the stationary point and global analysis employing nullcline planes reveal the mechanism of self-sustained oscillations of the system qualitatively. To consider both the frequency peaks of the harmonic tremor and the characteristics of observed phase spectra, the qualitative characteristics of an observed phase portrait are compared to those of a simulated one. This tremor model simulates the frequency peaks and the phase portraits of typical harmonic tremors observed during the 2011 Shinmoe-dake eruption. Because this model involves several geometrical configuration parameters, it has the potential to reveal the source mechanism of various kinds of harmonic tremors.
Anatomical circumstances and aortic cross-clamp time in minimally invasive aortic valve replacement
Authors: Jug Jure , Štor Zdravko , Geršak Borut 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Prolonged operative times, potentially leading to increased morbidity, are a possible drawback of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of anatomical circumstances in the chest on aortic cross-clamp time.

METHODS
This retrospective study included 68 patients who underwent minimally invasive aortic valve replacement with the Perceval sutureless valve via right-anterior thoracotomy or with ministernotomy. Anatomical variables were measured during preoperative computer tomography scans.

RESULTS
Aortic cross-clamp time was shorter in those having ministernotomy than in the right-anterior thoracotomy group (41.1 vs 52.3 min; P &lt; 0.001). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.09). A multivariable linear-regression model (P = 0.018) showed the aortic dextroposition variable to be a significant predictor of the aortic cross-clamp method and CPB times (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003) independent of other anatomical variables in the right thoracotomy group (10 mm deviation from optimal position prolonged the times for 240 and 600 s). For the whole cohort, a correlation between aortic valve dimensions and operative times was found (P = 0.046, P = 0.009). A linear-regression model (P = 0.046) predicted 90 s longer aortic cross-clamp time and 231 s longer CPB time for every 1 mm smaller aortic valve diameter.

CONCLUSIONS
The anatomical variables are associated with the operative times in minimally invasive aortic valve replacement with sutureless valves. Considering this association, preplanning the procedure is recommended.
Impact of design features on natural ventilation of open-air malls in Thailand
Authors: Tantasavasdi Chalermwat , Inprom Natthaumporn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent times, retail buildings in tropical areas have started to evolve from fully enclosed air-conditioned designs towards designs featuring open-air naturally ventilated malls. This paper discusses influential factors that can be used to help achieve thermal comfort conditions in the semi-outdoor spaces of open-air malls within the Bangkok Metropolitan Area in Thailand. The researchers surveyed 23 buildings and categorised them into three groups according to their configurations. Six representative projects were selected and assessed using a computational fluid dynamics program. The results revealed that the percentages of thermal comfort hours varied from 34.7% to 80.8% of the annual occupation time and were highly dependent on the design decisions taken for individual projects. The study found that among five important design factors, which are position of openings in accordance to the prevailing wind, distribution of openings, window-to-wall ratio, building shape, and openings that encourage cross-ventilation, the first factor was the most influential. Buildings that have their position of openings in good accordance to the prevailing winds can achieve the number of hours 2.0 times greater than those that do not.
Bovine β-lactoglobulin-induced passive systemic anaphylaxis model using humanized NOG hIL-3/hGM-CSF transgenic mice
Authors: Ito Ryoji , Katano Ikumi , Otsuka Iyo , Takahashi Takeshi , Suemizu Hiroshi , Ito Mamoru , Simons Peter J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFood allergy is a common disease caused by intake of allergen-containing foods, such as milk, eggs, peanuts and wheat. Systemic anaphylaxis is a severe hypersensitive allergic reaction resulting from degranulation of mast cells or basophils after cross-linking of surface high-affinity IgE receptors (Fcε-RI) with allergen-specific IgE and allergens. In this study, we developed a novel human mast cell/basophil-engrafted mouse model that recapitulates systemic anaphylaxis triggered by β-lactoglobulin (BLG), a major allergen found in cow’s milk. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were transferred into NOG (non-Tg) or NOG hIL-3/hGM-CSF transgenic (Tg) mice. After 14–16 weeks, bovine BLG-specific human IgE was intravenously injected into humanized mice, followed by intravenous or oral bovine BLG exposure 1 day later. Body temperature in Tg, but not in non-Tg, mice gradually decreased within 10 min, and 80% of Tg mice died within 1 h by intravenous BLG exposure. Serum histamine levels and anaphylaxis scores in Tg mice were markedly increased compared to non-Tg mice. Furthermore, these allergic symptoms were significantly inhibited by epinephrine treatment of the Tg mice. Therefore, the current NOG hIL-3/hGM-CSF Tg mouse model may be useful for development of novel anaphylaxis drugs for treatment of food allergies and for safety assessment of low-allergenicity extensively hydrolyzed cow’s milk whey protein-based infant formulas.
A Lotus Blooms in the End Times: Cosmological Topography and the Tibetan State
Authors: MacCormack Ian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ruler of the central Tibetan state, the Desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653–1705), recognized its capital city of Lhasa as having the radial form of an eight-petaled flower or eight-spoked wheel. This article examines the Desi’s writings to reflect on the relationship between symbolically ordered space and cosmology. Scholars have often explained such spaces as representing a cosmological model, assigning that model the role of a static foundation and distancing it from human activity. This Tibetan case is read as evidence for another way of thinking about cosmological topography, namely as a creative process in a self-consciously critical relationship with its encompassing world. At stake is the general question of how humans both inhabit the cosmos and actively participate in ordering it.
Within-host evolution of a Klebsiella pneumoniae clone: selected mutations associated with the alteration of outer membrane protein expression conferred multidrug resistance
Authors: Aihara Masamune , Nishida Ruriko , Akimoto Masaru , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Kiyosuke Makiko , Uchiumi Takeshi , Nishioka Mitsuaki , Matsushima Yuichi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Kang Dongchon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
A patient repeatedly developed bacteraemia despite the continuous use of antibiotics. We obtained two Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the patient’s blood on Days 72 and 105 after hospitalization. Each of the two isolates belonged to ST45, but while the first isolate was susceptible to most antibiotics, the second one was resistant to multiple drugs including carbapenems.

Objectives
To identify the genetic differences between the two isolates and uncover alterations formed by the within-host bacterial evolution leading to the antimicrobial resistance.

Methods
Whole-genome comparison of the two isolates was carried out to identify their genetic differences. We then profiled their outer membrane proteins related to membrane permeability to drugs. To characterize a ramR gene mutation found in the MDR isolate, its WT and mutant genes were cloned and expressed in the MDR isolate.

Results
The two isolates showed only three genomic differences, located in mdoH, ramR and upstream of ompK36. In the MDR isolate, a single nucleotide substitution in the ompK36 upstream region attenuated OmpK36 expression. A single amino acid residue insertion in RamR in the MDR isolate impaired its function, leading to the down-regulation of OmpK35 and the subsequent up-regulation of the AcrAB-TolC transporter, which may contribute to the MDR.

Conclusions
We identified very limited genomic changes in the second K. pneumoniae clone during within-host evolution, but two of the three identified mutations conferred the MDR phenotype on the clone by modulating drug permeability.
Assessing automated product selection success rates in transmissions between electronic prescribing and community pharmacy platforms
Authors: Panich Jennifer , Larson Natalee , Sojka Luanne , Wallace Zach , Lokken James 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Wrong drug product errors occurring in community pharmacies often originate at the transcription stage. Electronic prescribing and automated product selection are strategies to reduce product selection errors. However, it is unclear how often automated product selection succeeds in outpatient pharmacy platforms.

Materials and Methods
The intake of over 800 e-prescriptions was observed at baseline and after intervention to assess the rate of automated product selection success. A dispensing accuracy audit was performed at baseline and postintervention to determine whether enhanced automated product selection would result in greater accuracy; data for both analyses were compared by 2x2 Chi square tests. In addition, an anonymous survey was sent to a convenience sample of 60 area community pharmacy managers.

Results
At baseline, 79.8% of 888 e-prescriptions achieved automated product selection. After the intervention period, 84.5% of 903 e-prescriptions achieved automated product selection (P = .008). Analysis of dispensing accuracy audits detected a slight but not statistically significant improvement in accuracy rate (99.3% versus 98.9%, P = .359). Fourteen surveys were returned, revealing that other community pharmacies experience similar automated product selection failure rates.

Discussion
Our results suggest that manual product selection by pharmacy personnel is required for a higher than anticipated proportion of e-prescriptions received and filled by community pharmacies, which may pose risks to both medication safety and efficiency.

Conclusion
The question of how to increase automated product selection rates and enhance interoperability between prescriber and community pharmacy platforms warrants further investigation.
The Influence of the Paris Agreement on Climate Litigation: Legal Obligations and Norms (Part I)∗
Authors: Preston Brian J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Paris Agreement is the first universal climate change agreement requiring all parties to communicate ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets to achieve a long-term global temperature goal. The Paris Agreement is a game-changer at the international level, but has it been at the national (and sub-national) level? What has been the influence of the Paris Agreement on litigation to improve mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change? This question is addressed in two articles. Both articles seek to look at a familiar topic—the Paris Agreement and climate litigation—in new and fresh ways. This first article examines how the Paris Agreement is directly implemented through incorporation into the domestic laws of the signatories as well as indirectly implemented through judicial decision-making in accordance with norms under the Paris Agreement. First, the article examines the international obligations created by the Paris Agreement, noting the flexible nature of the agreement and wide margin of discretion left to parties. Secondly, it explores how the Paris Agreement is incorporated in domestic laws and policies. The potential for litigation based on these international and domestic obligations will be considered. Thirdly, it discusses the courts’ application of norms under the Paris Agreement.
The secret social lives of African crested rats, Lophiomys imhausi
Authors: Weinstein Sara B , Malanga Katrina Nyawira , Agwanda Bernard , Maldonado Jesús E , Dearing M Denise 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi, is the only mammal known to sequester plant toxins. Found in eastern Africa, this large rodent is thought to defend against predation by coating specialized hairs along its sides with cardenolide toxins from the poison arrow tree, Acokanthera schimperi. To better understand the ecology of this unusual poisonous mammal, we used camera traps, livetrapping, and captive behavioral observations, to study L. imhausi in central Kenya. Although crested rats were rarely detected with camera traps, 25 individuals were caught in live traps, with estimated densities of up to 15 rats/km2 at one of nine trapping sites. Trapping records and behavioral observations suggest that L. imhausi live in male–female pairs, with juveniles that might exhibit delayed dispersal. We observed chewing of A. schimperi and/or anointing in 10 of 22 individuals, confirming the previous poison sequestration observation. We monitored crested rat activity using cameras and found that chewing on A. schimperi and cardenolide exposure had no effect on feeding, movement, or total activity. One crested rat also fed on milkweed (Gomphocarpus physocarpus; Gentaniales: Apocynaceae), but did not anoint with this cardenolide containing plant. This observation, combined with L. imhausi’s selective use of A. schimperi, suggests the potential for use of alternative poison sources. This research provides novel insight into the ecology of L. imhausi, while also suggesting that more field observations, feeding trials, and chemical analyses are needed to understand their behavior and physiology. Furthermore, their complex social interactions, slow life history, and fragmented populations suggest that L. imhausi could be at risk of decline.
Red tape and psychological capital: a counterbalancing act for professionals in street-level bureaucracies
Authors: Dudau A , Kominis G , Brunetto Y 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAssuming that red tape is inevitable in institutions, and drawing on positive organizational behavior, we compare the impact of individual psychological capital on the ability of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) with different professional backgrounds to work within the confines of red tape. The two SLB professions investigated here are nurses and local government employees; and the work outcomes of interest to this study are well-being and engagement. The findings show that red tape has a different impact on each professional group but, encouragingly, they also indicate that psychological capital has a compensatory effect. Implications include nurses requiring more psychological resources than local government employees to counteract the negative impact of red tape. A practical implication for managers is that, if perception of red tape in organizations is set to increase or to stay constant, enhancing the psychological capital of professionals in SLB roles, through specific interventions, may be beneficial to professionals and organizations alike.