bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated batches as a strategy for high 2G ethanol production from undetoxified hemicellulose hydrolysate using immobilized cells of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a fixed-bed reactor
Authors: Milessi Thais S. , Perez Caroline L. , Zangirolami Teresa C. , Corradini Felipe A. S. , Sandri Juliana P. , Foulquié-Moreno Maria R. , Giordano Roberto C. , Thevelein Johan M. , Giordano Raquel L. C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The search for sustainable energy sources has become a worldwide issue, making the development of efficient biofuel production processes a priority. Immobilization of second-generation (2G) xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is a promising approach to achieve economic viability of 2G bioethanol production from undetoxified hydrolysates through operation at high cell load and mitigation of inhibitor toxicity. In addition, the use of a fixed-bed reactor can contribute to establish an efficient process because of its distinct advantages, such as high conversion rate per weight of biocatalyst and reuse of biocatalyst.

Results
This work assessed the influence of alginate entrapment on the tolerance of recombinant S. cerevisiae to acetic acid. Encapsulated GSE16-T18SI.1 (T18) yeast showed an outstanding performance in repeated batch fermentations with cell recycling in YPX medium supplemented with 8 g/L acetic acid (pH 5.2), achieving 10 cycles without significant loss of productivity. In the fixed-bed bioreactor, a high xylose fermentation rate with ethanol yield and productivity values of 0.38 gethanol/gsugars and 5.7 g/L/h, respectively were achieved in fermentations using undetoxified sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate, with and without medium recirculation.

Conclusions
The performance of recombinant strains developed for 2G ethanol production can be boosted strongly by cell immobilization in alginate gels. Yeast encapsulation allows conducting fermentations in repeated batch mode in fixed-bed bioreactors with high xylose assimilation rate and high ethanol productivity using undetoxified hemicellulose hydrolysate.
An analysis of key indicators of reproducibility in radiology
Authors: Wright Bryan D. , Vo Nam , Nolan Johnny , Johnson Austin L. , Braaten Tyler , Tritz Daniel , Vassar Matt 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Given the central role of radiology in patient care, it is important that radiological research is grounded in reproducible science. It is unclear whether there is a lack of reproducibility or transparency in radiologic research.

Purpose
To analyze published radiology literature for the presence or lack of key indicators of reproducibility.

Methods
This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed by conducting a search of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) for publications contained within journals in the field of radiology. Our inclusion criteria were being MEDLINE indexed, written in English, and published from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018. We randomly sampled 300 publications for this study. A pilot-tested Google form was used to record information from the publications regarding indicators of reproducibility. Following peer-review, we extracted data from an additional 200 publications in an attempt to reproduce our initial results. The additional 200 publications were selected from the list of initially randomized publications.

Results
Our initial search returned 295,543 records, from which 300 were randomly selected for analysis. Of these 300 records, 294 met inclusion criteria and 6 did not. Among the empirical publications, 5.6% (11/195, [3.0–8.3]) contained a data availability statement, 0.51% (1/195) provided clear documented raw data, 12.0% (23/191, [8.4–15.7]) provided a materials availability statement, 0% provided analysis scripts, 4.1% (8/195, [1.9–6.3]) provided a pre-registration statement, 2.1% (4/195, [0.4–3.7]) provided a protocol statement, and 3.6% (7/195, [1.5–5.7]) were pre-registered. The validation study of the 5 key indicators of reproducibility—availability of data, materials, protocols, analysis scripts, and pre-registration—resulted in 2 indicators (availability of protocols and analysis scripts) being reproduced, as they fell within the 95% confidence intervals for the proportions from the original sample. However, materials’ availability and pre-registration proportions from the validation sample were lower than what was found in the original sample.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate key indicators of reproducibility are missing in the field of radiology. Thus, the ability to reproduce studies contained in radiology publications may be problematic and may have potential clinical implications.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 associated with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia due to hypersecretion of fibroblast growth factor 23: a case report
Authors: Obo Takahiko , Koriyama Nobuyuki , Tokito Akinori , Ogiso Kazuma , Nishio Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is characterized by multiple café au lait spots and cutaneous and plexiform neurofibromas, and is one of the most common autosomal dominant hereditary disorders caused by mutations of the neurofibromatosis type 1 tumor suppressor gene. Osteomalacia in neurofibromatosis type 1 is very rare and is characterized by later onset in adulthood. In humans, fibroblast growth factor 23, which is a causative factor of tumor-induced osteomalacia, is not only a paracrine and autocrine factor, but is also a physiological regulator of phosphate balance in normal serum.

Case presentation
Our patient was a 65-year-old Japanese woman whose neurofibromas began to appear when she was in elementary school. At age 28, she was diagnosed as having neurofibromatosis type 1. A spinal compression fracture and multiple rib fractures were identified in 2012 and 2017, respectively. Her laboratory findings revealed hypophosphatemia due to renal phosphate wasting and a high serum level of fibroblast growth factor 23. Neurofibromas located on the surface of her right forearm and left upper arm, in which a slight abnormal accumulation of tracers was observed on 111indium-pentetreotide scintigraphy, were surgically removed, but there was no improvement in hypophosphatemia or serum fibroblast growth factor 23 after surgery. Therefore, we administered eldecalcitol, which also failed to produce improvement in abnormal data. Subsequent combination with dibasic calcium phosphate hydrate led to improvement in some of the abnormalities, including hypophosphatemia. Immunohistochemical staining using anti-human fibroblast growth factor 23 antibody revealed slightly positive results, however, only one out of three amplifications of the fibroblast growth factor 23 gene was observed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and no clear fibroblast growth factor 23 gene expression in the resected neurofibromas could be confirmed.

Conclusions
We here describe a first rare case of a 65-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 associated with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia in which a high serum fibroblast growth factor 23 level was confirmed.
SMN-deficiency disrupts SERCA2 expression and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes from SMA mice and patient-derived iPSCs
Authors: Khayrullina Guzal , Moritz Kasey E. , Schooley James F. , Fatima Naheed , Viollet Coralie , McCormack Nikki M. , Smyth Jeremy T. , Doughty Martin L. , Dalgard Clifton L. , Flagg Thomas P. , Burnett Barrington G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of alpha motor neurons and skeletal muscle atrophy. The disease is caused by mutations of the SMN1 gene that result in reduced functional expression of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN is ubiquitously expressed, and there have been reports of cardiovascular dysfunction in the most severe SMA patients and animal models of the disease. In this study, we directly assessed the function of cardiomyocytes isolated from a severe SMA model mouse and cardiomyocytes generated from patient-derived IPSCs. Consistent with impaired cardiovascular function at the very early disease stages in mice, heart failure markers such as brain natriuretic peptide were significantly elevated. Functionally, cardiomyocyte relaxation kinetics were markedly slowed and the T50 for Ca2+ sequestration increased to 146 ± 4 ms in SMN-deficient cardiomyocytes from 126 ± 4 ms in wild type cells. Reducing SMN levels in cardiomyocytes from control patient IPSCs slowed calcium reuptake similar to SMA patent-derived cardiac cells. Importantly, restoring SMN increased calcium reuptake rate. Taken together, these results indicate that SMN deficiency impairs cardiomyocyte function at least partially through intracellular Ca2+ cycling dysregulation.
Design of incomplete 3D information image recognition system based on SIFT algorithm and wireless network
Authors: Zhixin Zhang , Shuhao Jiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe traditional image recognition technology can transform some expression form of image into the data which can be processed by computer, and recognize the image with decision function. However, in actual applications, incomplete 3D images will be encountered. In order to screen the required image information from a large amount of images, it is necessary to recognize and match the image, and so the research has long-term application value. In this paper, SIFT algorithm was used to extract the feature vectors for incomplete 3D information recognition. Then, the modeling method of circular matching pattern was proposed, and the pattern of mathematical recognition was adopted in the process of image recognition. After that, on the basis of a large number of domestic and foreign research literatures, the process of “image hypothesis” converted to “image recognition” was completed. Finally, the system simulation was carried out by using Microsoft Visual Studio. For the incomplete 3D information image, the image feature recognition system was completed.
Biomechanical testing of fixed and adjustable femoral cortical suspension devices for ACL reconstruction under high loads and extended cyclic loading
Authors: Singh Sarvpreet , Ramos-Pascual Sonia , Czerbak Kinga , Malik Muzaffar , Schranz Peter J. , Miles Anthony W. , Mandalia Vipul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare loop elongation after 5000 cycles, loop-elongation at failure, and load at failure of the fixed-loop G-Lok device and three adjustable-loop devices (UltraButton, RigidLoop Adjustable and ProCinch RT), during testing over extended cycles under high loading.

Methods
Five devices of each type were tested on a custom-built rig fixed to an Instron machine. The testing protocol had four stages: preloading, cyclic preconditioning, incremental cyclic loading and pull-to-failure. Outcome measures were loop elongation after 5000 cycles, loop-elongation at failure, and load at failure.

Results
The loop elongation after 5000 cycles for G-Lok was 1.46 ± 0.25 mm, which was comparable to that of RigidLoop (1.51 ± 0.16 mm, p = 1.000) and ProCinch (1.60 ± 0.09 mm, p = 1.000). In comparison, the loop elongation for UltraButton was 2.66 ± 0.28 mm, which was significantly larger than all other devices (p = 0.048). The failure load for all devices ranged between 1455 and 2178 N. G-Lok was significantly stronger than all adjustable-loop devices (p = 0.048). The elongation at failure was largest for UltraButton (4.20 ± 0.33 mm), which was significantly greater than G-Lok (3.17 ± 0.33 mm, p = 0.048), RigidLoop (2.88 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.048) and ProCinch (2.78 ± 0.08 mm, p = 0.048). There was no significant difference in elongation at failure for the rest of the devices.

Conclusions
Our study has shown that the G-Lok fixed-loop device and the three adjustable-loop devices (UltraButton, RigidLoop Adjustable and ProCinch RT) all elongated less than 3 mm during testing over an extended number of cycles at high loads, nonetheless, the fixed loop device performed best in terms of least elongation and highest load at failure.
Towards a new biological control approach for Photorhabdus temperata bioinsecticide production through the bioconversion of Tunisian industrial wastewater
Authors: Keskes Sahar , Jallouli Wafa , Sahli Emna , Sayadi Sami , Tounsi Slim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel bioconversion approach of Tunisian wastewater to low-costPhotorhabdus temperatabioinsecticide is presented in this study. Our results showed that when cultured on the food industry wastewater (WS4),P. temperatacells exhibited oral toxicity of about 42%, which is the same as those cultured in complex medium (CM), used as control. Moreover, variants small colony polymorphism (Vsm) of the strain K122 was completely avoided after a prolonged incubation. However, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state was enhanced with the maximum colony-forming units (CFU) count of 9 × 106 cells/mL obtained after 48 h of incubation in the WS4. According to flow cytometry analysis, almost 100% ofP. temperatacells were viable until 48 h of incubation. The appearance of propidium iodide (PI) positively stained cells was observed after a prolonged incubation with a maximum of 17% of damaged cells in WS1. In order to follow the progress ofP. temperatafermentation process carried out in industrial wastewater, we established for the first time, the mathematical relationship between total cell counts, CFU counts and oral toxicity ofP. temperatastrain K122. Indeed, irrespective of the medium used, the relationship between CFU count and total cell count followed a power law. Additionally, when plotting CFU count, or total cell count against toxicity, a semi-log linear relationship was obtained. Our results proved the efficiency of this bioconversion approach to produce bioinsecticide based on the entomopathogenic bacteriumP. temperata, with practical benefits in terms of cost production and wastewater management.
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects of the general population: review and recommendations
Authors: Zugni Fabio , Padhani Anwar Roshanali , Koh Dow-Mu , Summers Paul Eugene , Bellomi Massimo , Petralia Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The number of studies describing the use of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for screening of malignant tumours in asymptomatic subjects is increasing. Our aim is to review the methodologies used and the results of the published studies on per patient and per lesion analysis, and to provide recommendations on the use of WB-MRI for cancer screening.

Main body
We identified 12 studies, encompassing 6214 WB-MRI examinations, which provided the rates of abnormal findings and findings suspicious for cancer in asymptomatic subjects, from the general population. Eleven of 12 studies provided imaging protocols that included T1- and T2-weighted sequences, while only five included diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of the whole body. Different categorical systems were used for the classification and the management of abnormal findings.
Of 17,961 abnormal findings reported, 91% were benign, while 9% were oncologically relevant, requiring further investigations, and 0.5% of lesions were suspicious for cancer.
A per-subject analysis showed that just 5% of subjects had no abnormal findings, while 95% had abnormal findings. Findings requiring further investigation were reported in 30% of all subjects, though in only 1.8% cancer was suspected. The overall rate of histologically confirmed cancer was 1.1%.

Conclusion
WB-MRI studies of cancer screening in the asymptomatic general population are too heterogeneous to draw impactful conclusions regarding efficacy. A 5-point lesion scale based on the oncological relevance of findings appears the most appropriate for risk-based management stratification. WB-MRI examinations should be reported by experienced oncological radiologists versed on WB-MRI reading abnormalities and on onward referral pathways.
Deep learning-based analysis of macaque corneal sub-basal nerve fibers in confocal microscopy images
Authors: Oakley Jonathan D. , Russakoff Daniel B. , McCarron Megan E. , Weinberg Rachel L. , Izzi Jessica M. , Misra Stuti L. , McGhee Charles N. , Mankowski Joseph L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
To develop and validate a deep learning-based approach to the fully-automated analysis of macaque corneal sub-basal nerves using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods
IVCM was used to collect 108 images from 35 macaques. 58 of the images from 22 macaques were used to evaluate different deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for the automatic analysis of sub-basal nerves relative to manual tracings. The remaining images were used to independently assess correlations and inter-observer performance relative to three readers.

Results
Correlation scores using the coefficient of determination between readers and the best CNN averaged 0.80. For inter-observer comparison, inter-correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the three expert readers and the automated approach were 0.75, 0.85 and 0.92. The ICC between all four observers was 0.84, the same as the average between the CNN and individual readers.

Conclusions
Deep learning-based segmentation of sub-basal nerves in IVCM images shows high to very high correlation to manual segmentations in macaque data and is indistinguishable across readers. As quantitative measurements of corneal sub-basal nerves are important biomarkers for disease screening and management, the reported work offers utility to a variety of research and clinical studies using IVCM.
Spontaneous regression of advanced transverse colon cancer with remaining lymph node metastasis
Authors: Nishiura Bunpei , Kumamoto Kensuke , Akamoto Shintaro , Asano Eisuke , Ando Yasuhisa , Suto Hironobu , Kishino Takayoshi , Oshima Minoru , Fujiwara Masao , Usuki Hisashi , Okano Keiichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The observation of spontaneous regression (SR) has been well documented for many cancer types, including renal cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, and malignant melanoma. However, the SR frequency in colorectal cancer is very rare. Therefore, the accumulation of SR colorectal cancer cases might contribute to find the regression mechanism.

Case presentation
A 67-year-old woman received colonoscopy due to being positive for fecal occult blood testing and was diagnosed as having a transverse colon cancer at a local hospital. She was admitted to our institution for surgical treatment of the colon cancer. The colonoscopy revealed a type 2 tumor of 13 mm in diameter at the hepatic flexure of the transverse colon. The enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed an enlarged lymph node in the intermediate lymph node region. The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT showed no abnormal accumulation on the transverse colon; however, an abnormal accumulation was found at the enlarged lymph node. The patient was preoperatively diagnosed as having advanced transverse colon cancer with lymph node metastasis and underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with D3 lymph node dissection. Pathological examination showed only a scar-like tissue and no cancerous lesion in the transverse colon, while a metastatic lymph node was histologically confirmed in the intermediate lymph node region. Loss of MLH1 and PMS2 expression was observed in the cancer cells of both biopsy specimens and resected lymph nodes. No recurrence was seen for 5 years after surgery.

Conclusions
We reported a rare case of SR of the primary transverse colon cancer without regression of the metastatic regional lymph node. We considered that colorectal cancer with SR should be resected because even if SR of the primary lesion occurs, lymph node metastasis might have an inconsistent behavior as shown in the present case.
Strengthening health systems response to violence against women: protocol to test approaches to train health workers in India
Authors: Meyer Sarah R. , Rege Sangeeta , Avalaskar Prachi , Deosthali Padma , García-Moreno Claudia , Amin Avni 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Globally, including in low- and middle-income [LMIC] countries, there is increased attention to and investment in interventions to prevent and respond to violence against women; however, most of these approaches are delivered outside of formal or informal health systems. The World Health Organization published clinical and policy guidelines Responding to intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women in 2013. Further evidence is needed concerning implementation of the Guidelines, including how health care providers perceive training interventions, if the training approach meets their needs and is of relevance to them and how to ensure sustainability of changes in practice due to training. This manuscript describes a study protocol for a mixed methods study of the implementation of the Guidelines and related tools in tertiary hospitals in two districts in Maharashtra, India.

Methods
The study will employ a mixed-methods study design. A quantitative assessment of health care providers’ and managers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices will be conducted pre, post, and 6 months after the training. Qualitative methods will include a participatory stakeholders’ meeting to inform the design of the training intervention design, in-depth interviews [IDIs] and focus-group discussions [FGDs] with health care providers and managers 3–6 months after training, and IDIs with women who have disclosed violence to a trained health care provider, approximately 6 months after training. The study will also validate two tools: a readiness assessment of health facilities and a health management information system form in a facility register format which will be used to document cases of violence.

Discussion
The multiple components of this study will generate data to improve our understanding of how implementation of the Guidelines works, what barriers and facilitators to implementation exist in this context, and how current implementation practices result in changes in terms of health services and providers’ practices of responding to women affected by violence. The results will be useful for governmental and non-governmental and United Nations Agency efforts to improve health systems and services for women affected by violence, as well as for researchers working on health systems responses to violence against women in India and possibly other contexts.