bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Characterization of an Emerging Enterobacteriaceae Species: the First Case of Co-infection With a Typical Pathogen in a Human Patient
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Daixi , Shi Xing , Zhai Yao , Guo Yatao , Zheng Yali , Zhao Lili , He Yukun , Chen Yusheng , Wang Zhanwei , Su Jianrong , Kang Yu , Gao Zhancheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Opportunistic pathogens are important for clinical practice as they often cause antibiotic-resistant infections. However, little is documented for many emerging opportunistic pathogens and their biological characteristics. Here, we isolated a novel species strain of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from a patient of with a biliary tract infection. We explored the biological and genomic characteristics of this strain to provide new evidence and detailed information for opportunistic pathogens about the co-infection they may cause. Results The isolate grows grew very slowly but confers conferred strong protection for the co-infected cephalosporin-sensitive Klebsiella pneumonia pneumoniae . As the initial laboratory testing failed to identify the taxonomy of the strain, great perplexity was caused in the etiological diagnosis , and anti-infection treatment for the patient. Rigorous sequencing efforts achieved the complete genome sequence of the isolate which we designated as AF18. AF18 is phylogenetically close to a few strains respectively isolated from soil, clinical sewage, and patients, forming a novel species together, while the taxonomic nomenclature of which is still under discussion. And this is the first report of human infection of this novel species. Like As its relatives, AF18 harbors many genes related to cell mobility, various genes adaptive to both the natural wild environment and animal host, tens of over 30 mobile genetic mobile elements, and a plasmid bearing bla CTX-M-3 gene, indicating its ability to disseminate antimicrobial - resistant genes from the natural environment to patients. Transcriptome sequencing identified two sRNAs that critically regulate the growth rate of AF18 , which could serve as targets for novel antimicrobial strategies. Conclusions Our findings imply that AF18 and its species are not only infection-relevant but also potential disseminators of antibiotic resistance genes i n transferring antibiotic determinants , which highlights the need for continuous monitoring for this novel species and efforts to develop controlling treatment strategies.
Predictors of the use of analgesic drugs 1 year after joint replacement: a single-center analysis of 13,000 hip and knee replacements
Authors: Rajamäki Tuomas , Moilanen Teemu , Puolakka Pia A. , Hietaharju Aki , Jämsen Esa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Pain persists in a moderate number of patients following hip or knee replacement surgery. Persistent pain may subsequently lead to the prolonged consumption of analgesics after surgery and expose patients to the adverse drug events of opioids and NSAIDs, especially in older patients and patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to identify risk factors for the increased use of opioids and other analgesics one year after surgery and focused on comorbidities and surgery-related factors.

Methods

All patients who underwent a primary hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis from 2002 to 2013 were identified. Redeemed prescriptions for acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids (mild and strong) were collected from a nationwide Drug Prescription Register. The user rates of analgesics and the adjusted risks ratios for analgesic use one year after joint replacement were calculated.

Results

Of the 6,238 hip replacement and 7,501 knee replacement recipients, 3,591 (26.1%) were still using analgesics one year after surgery. Significant predictors of overall analgesic use (acetaminophen, NSAID, or opioid) were (risk ratio (95% CI)) age 65-74.9 years (reference <65), 1.1 (1.03-1.2), age > 75 years, 1.2 (1.1-1.3), female gender, 1.2 (1.1-1.3), BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2 (reference <25kg/m2), 1.1 (1.04-1.2), BMI >35 kg/m2, 1.4 (1.3-1.6), a higher number of comorbidities (according to modified Charlson Comorbidity Index score), and 1.2 (1.1-1.4). Diabetes and other comorbidities were not significant independent predictors. Of the other clinical factors, the preoperative use of analgesics, 2.6 (2.5-2.8) and knee surgery, 1.2 (1.1-1.3), predicted the use of analgesics, whereas simultaneous bilateral knee replacement (compared to unilateral procedure) was a protective factor, 0.86 (0.77-0.96). Opioid use was associated with obesity, higher CCI score, epilepsy, knee vs hip surgery, unilateral vs bilateral knee operation, total vs unicompartmental knee replacement, and the preoperative use of analgesics/opioids.

Conclusions

Obesity (especially BMI >35 kg/m2) and the preoperative use of analgesics were the strongest predictors of an increased postoperative use of analgesics. It is remarkable that also older age and higher number of comorbidities predicted analgesic use despite these patients being the most vulnerable to adverse drug events.
The Experiences of Merging Health Insurance Funds in Turkey, Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia: What lessons can be learned?
Authors: Bazyar Mohammad , Rashidian Arash , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Behzadi Anahita 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : Fragmentation in health insurance system can obstruct reaching universal health coverage’ objectives and may lead to inequity in financial and organizational access to health care services. One possible option to overcome this challenge is merging the existing insurance funds together. This article aims to review the experience of Turkey, Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia regarding merging which can be very useful for other countries which are looking for ways of enhancing their health systems. Methods: The present study is a cross-country comparative analysis. The first criterion to choose these countries was with experience of the policy of merging. The second criterion was diversity in health insurance systems. To find the most relevant documents about the subject, different sources of information were searched including books, scientific papers, reports, policy documents and documents published by international organizations such as WHO and World Bank. We followed snowball sampling method to reach out for further documents by checking the reference list of the most relevant documents. We also contacted the authors with the most relevant articles in the selected countries to introduce and provide us with more articles or publications about the subject. Results: The experience of Turkey, Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia show that different reasons may force policy makers to move towards merging and reducing the number of health insurance funds; different stakeholders may support or oppose merging based on the interests they may have in the current fragmented health insurance system; various positive and negative consequences may occur in the health system as the result of merging. The experience of these countries also emphasize that in order to accelerate and facilitate implementation process of merger and face less operational challenges, there should be some prerequisites such as experiencing reliable economic growth to enhance benefit package and support the single national insurance scheme financially after merging. Conclusions: Merging is not the panacea to all problems of health system and other contributing health reforms should be implemented simultaneously or sequentially in other aspects of health system if merging is going to pave the way reaching universal health coverage.
Genetic Determinants of Obesity Heterogeneity in Type II Diabetes
Authors: Khorami Somayeh Alsadat Hosseini , Mutalib Mohd Sokhini Abd , Shiraz Mohammad Feili , Abdullah Joseph Anthony , Rejali Zulida , Ali Razana Mohd , Khaza'ai Huzwah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Although obesity is considered as the main cause of Type II diabetes (T2DM), non-obese individuals may still develop T2DM and obese individuals may not. Method: The mRNA expression of insulin signalling components (PI3K/AKT axis) from 100 non-obese and obese participants with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance states were compared in this study toward the understanding of obesity heterogeneity molecular mechanism. Result: In present study, there was no statistically significant difference in gene expression levels of IRS1 and PTEN between groups, whereas PI3K, AKT2 and GLUT4 genes were expressed at a lower level in obese diabetic group compared to other groups. PDK1 gene was expressed at a higher level in non-obese diabetic group compared to obese diabetic and non-obese non-diabetics groups. No statistically significant difference was identified in gene expression pattern of PI3K/AKT pathway between obese non-diabetics and non-obese non-diabetics. Conclusion: The components of PI3K/AKT pathway which is related to the fasting state, showed reduced expression in obese diabetic group due to the chronic over-nutrition which may induced insensitivity and reduced gene expression. The pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the absence of obesity in non-obese diabetic group could be due to disturbance in another pathway related to the non-fasting state like gluconeogenesis. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of insulin signalling in non-obese diabetic individuals is different from obese diabetics which more investigations are required to study insulin signalling pathways in greater depth, in order to assess nutritional factors contribute to insulin resistance in obese diabetic and non-obese diabetic individuals.
Illumina-Based Transcriptome Analysis of Four Genotypes of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.
Authors: Jing Yong , Lai Yueyue , Wan Ziyu , Li Qiao , Li Min , Liu Lijuan , Chen Zhejie , Wang Shengpeng , Wang Yitao , Huang Xiao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Pinellia ternate (Thunb.) Breit. ( P. ternate ), a weed species distributed in Eastern Asia, has been widely used as a Chinese herbal medicine. Currently, four genotypes of P. ternate have been identified according to their different leaf shapes, including Shaoye, Taoye, Zhuye and Liuye Type. In addition, the total alkaloids and organic acids content in tuber, tuber yields and other physiology and agronomic characteristics were significant difference. However, little is known about the evolution and genetic diversity of four genotypes of P. ternate . Moreover, the genomics of P. ternate remains uncharacterized. The recent development of RNA-Seq, a next generation sequencing technology, provides an opportunity to expand the identification of P. ternate genes through in-depth transcript profiling.

Methods

In this study, we presented a comprehensive landscape of the transcriptome profiles of four genotypes of P. ternate using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology.

Results

Totally, 70,491,871, 72,819,035, 73,159,913 and 71,612,115 reads were achieved in four genotypes of P. ternate , respectively. A total number of 126,391 assembled unigenes were identified. After aligning the sequences to the public protein databases, 82,998 unigenes were annotated. Among these, 15,534 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 41,216 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 46,053 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. In addition, 23,678 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 65,527 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) variations were detected.

Conclusion

This study provides abundant genomic data and comprehensive transcriptome for P. ternate . We envision that these transcriptome datasets will serve as an important public information platform to accelerate further studies of the P. ternate and the identification of genes that potentially involving in the biosynthesis of total alkaloids, acid and other active ingredients among different genotypes P. ternate .
Statistical Distribution of Novel coronavirus in Iran
Authors: Gholami Elham , Mansori Kamyar , Soltani-Kermanshahi Mojtaba 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by 2019-nCoV is spreading worldwide, and by March 27, 2020, 199 countries, including Iran, have been affected. Prevention and control of infection is the most important priority for the public health. The behavior prediction of COVID-19 is an important problem. Methods In this research, we compared the different distributions of COVID-19 cases based on the daily reported data of Iran. We used 36 initial data on new cases and deaths with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection of Iran based on official reports from governmental institutes .We used the three types of continuous distribution known as Normal, Lognormal and Weibull. Results Our study showed that the weibull distribution was the best fit with the data. But the Parameters of distribution were different between new cases and daily deaths data. Conclusion According to the mean and median of the best fitted distribution, we can expect to pass the peak of the disease. The death rate is decreasing. We can see the similar behaviors of covid-19 in both Iran and China in the long run.
Correlation analysis between disease severity and clinical and biochemical characteristics of 143 cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study
Authors: Wang Dan , Li Ruifang , Wang Juan , Jiang Qunqun , Gao Chang , Yang Juan , Ge Lintong , Hu Qing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan and has quickly spread across the world. The mortality rate in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is high. This study analyzed clinical and biochemical parameters between mild and severe patients, helping to identify severe or critical patients early. Methods: In this single center, cross-sectional study, 143 patients were included and divided to mild/moderate and sever/critical groups. Correlation between the disease criticality and clinical features and peripheral blood biochemical markers was analyzed. Cut-off values for critically ill patients were speculated through the ROC curve. Results: Significantly, disease severity was associated with age (r = 0.458, P < 0.001) , comorbidities (r = 0.445, P < 0.001) , white cell counts (r = 0.229, P = 0.006) , neutrophil count (r = 0.238, P = 0.004) , lymphocyte count (r = -0.295, P < 0.001) , albumin (r = -0.603, P < 0.001) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r= -0.362, P < 0.001) , serum potassium (r = -0.237, P = 0.004) , plasma glucose (r = 0.383, P < 0.001) , total bilirubin (r = 0.340, P < 0.001) , serum amyloid A (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) , procalcitonin (r = 0.345, P < 0.001) , C-reactive protein ( r = 0.477, P < 0.001) , lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.548, P < 0.001) , aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.342, P < 0.001) , alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.264, P = 0.001) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.284, P = 0.001) and D-dimer (r = 0.477, P ＜ 0.001) . Conclusion: With following parameters such as age > 52 years, C-reactive protein > 64.79 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase > 245 U/L, D-dimer > 0.96 ug/mL, serum amyloid A > 100.02 mg/L, or a lbumin ＜ 36 g/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. Lymphocyte count, serum potassium and procalcitonin may also be a prognostic indicator .
The effects of childhood exposure to malaria on cognition and behavior: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Ssemata Andrew Sentoogo , Nakitende Jacquelline Ann , Kizito Simon , Whipple Elizabeth , Bangirana Paul , Nakasujja Noeline , John Chandy C , McHenry Megan Song 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria is one of the major contributing risk factor for poor development of children living in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). However, little is known about the specific domains of cognition and behavior that are impacted by malaria, the extent of these deficits, and the severity of malaria infection that is associated with these deficits. The objective of this review is to determine the effect of malaria infection on cognition and behavior among children living in LMICs. Methods and analysis: We will systematically search online bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Collaborative Database, CINAHL and PsycINFO as well as Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. We will include studies with a comparison group (e.g., clinical trials, cohort, cross-sectional and case–control studies) involving children under 18 years of age living in LMICs, as determined by World Bank Criteria, with either an active malaria infection or history of malaria. Included articles must also measure cognitive and behavioral outcomes using standardized instruments. Studies will be excluded if they are not in English, lack a control group, take place in a high-income country, or if a standardized instrument was not used.Two reviewers will independently review all articles to determine if they meet eligibility criteria. Any conflicts will be resolved after discussion with a third reviewer. When a list of included articles is finalized, two reviewers will extract data to populate and then cross check within an electronic table. Risk of bias and the strength of evidence and recommendations will be assessed independently using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, and a final score will be given upon consensus. For sufficiently homogeneous data on measured outcomes in multiple studies, we will investigate the possibility of pooling data to perform a meta-analysis. Discussion: This systematic review will evaluate the evidence of the effect of malaria on the cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Findings from this planned review will generate insight on the domains affected by the different forms malaria infection and may inform subsequent malaria interventions and future research in pediatric care.
A Retrospective Analysis of Owner-reported Reasons for Canine Illness and Injury Visits in Veterinary General Practice: A List of the Top 50% of Complaints
Authors: Patterson Gilbert , Trofatter Michele O. , Daily-Trude Kathryn E. , Pierce Rebecca L. , Robertson Stanley R. , Weale John J. , Johnson Jason W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Veterinarians are required to use critical thinking and communication skills to proficiently guide a client through available options for disease treatment or management. While multiple viable approaches exist for treating common problems, data describing the actual types of owner-reported complaints most often encountered in general veterinary practices is lacking. An understanding of the nature and distribution of common conditions, as reported by the owner, is a key step in providing the evidence-based foundation directing further efforts toward solutions to overcome barriers in general practice, veterinary-care delivery.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of common canine owner-reported complaints presented in general veterinary practice over a one-year period was performed. Data was collected from participating practices, cleaned, and analyzed to reflect the top 50% new presenting complaints of owners at all participating practices for canine patients with an illness or injury during their visit.

Results

The outcome is a comprehensive list ranking the top canine owner-reported presenting illnesses/injuries complaints seen by general veterinary practices included in the study.

Conclusions

These results provide evidence-based knowledge of the distribution of owner complaints potentially encountered in general practice, providing justification for the need to emphasize certain clinical case presentations in veterinary educational curriculums. Being prepared with such knowledge, veterinary students can be empowered with the necessary skills and tools required to provide informed, ethical, and affordable choices for canine care in the general veterinary practice setting. This information also provides the scientific foundation for canine conditions which may benefit from additional evidence-based trials to better identify the outcomes of spectrum of care interventions for benefits to the owner, the canine, and the veterinarian.
First Incidence of CYP9K1, CYP6P4 and CYP6Z1 in Anopheles gambiae ss from Nigeria
Authors: Haruna Ada Sylvester , Mavridis Konstantinos , Vontas John , Eyo Joseph Effiong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Anopheles resistance to insecticides is an impediment to the success of malaria control programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. This study addresses the enzymes that play the key role in insecticide resistance in Kogi State, Nigeria.Methods: Anopheles immature stages were collected from breeding sites across four LGAs in Kogi State, Nigeria. Adult anophelines were identified morphologically and molecularly to species level using the polymerase chain reaction. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were exposed to eight different insecticides belonging to organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroids. Newly developed and integrable to the LabDisk automated diagnostic platform quantitative Reverse Transcription-real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) 3-plex TaqMan® assays were used to quantify 7 detoxification genes’ expression. Fold-changes, 95% CIs and statistical significance were performed according to the Pfaffl methods. Results: An. gambiae sl were susceptible to pirimiphos methyl in all the LGAs, but resistance to alphacypermethrin, permethrin, DDT, bendiocarb, propoxur, lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin. The detoxification genes CYP6P3(1.6), CYP6M2(36 folds), CYP9K1(6.4 folds), CYP6P4(5.3), CYP6Z1(4.8 folds), GSTE2(4.1 fold), CYP6P1(0.50 folds) and CYP4G16 (2.36 folds) were encountered but only CYP6M2, CYP9K1, CYP6P4 and CYP6Z1 were found to be up regulated in the Dekina multi resistant (pyrethroids, DDT, bendiocarb) population compared to two susceptible (Kisumu and G3) laboratory strains. Resistance was observed in seven out of the eight insecticides tested. Very high level of resistance was observed in DDT across the three LGAs. The CYP6M2, CYP9K1, CYP6P4 and CYP6Z1 were up regulated genes that confer resistance to different insecticides. Conclusion: This study recorded for the first time CYP9K1, CYP6P4 and CYP6Z1 detoxification genes in wild Anopheles gambiae ss populations from Nigeria. In light of the absence of iAche mutations in our results, carbamate (bendiocarb and propoxur) resistance could be associated with the expression of CYP6P4 that has been previously implicated.