bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ vertical characteristics of optical properties and heating rates of aerosol over Beijing
Authors: Tian Ping , Liu Dantong , Zhao Delong , Yu Chenjie , Liu Quan , Huang Mengyu , Deng Zhaoze , Ran Liang , Wu Yunfei , Ding Shuo , Hu Kang , Zhao Gang , Zhao Chunsheng , Ding Deping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Characterizing vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties is
important because relying on only the surface or column-integrated
measurements cannot unambiguously constrain the radiative impacts of
aerosol. This study presents series of vertical profiles of in situ measured
multi-wavelength optical properties of aerosols during three pollution
events from November to December 2016 over the Beijing region. For all pollution
events, the clean periods (CPs) before pollution initialization showed a
higher scattering Ångström exponent (SAE) and a smaller asymmetry
parameter (g) with relatively uniform vertical structures. The heavy pollution periods (HPs) showed an increased particle size, causing these
parameters to vary in the opposite way. During the transition periods (TPs),
regional transport of aged aerosols at higher altitudes was found. The
Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol optical depth (AOD) matched the in situ measurements within
10 %; however the AERONET absorption optical depth (AAOD) was 10 %–20 %
higher than the in situ measurements, and this positive discrepancy
increased to 30 % at shorter wavelengths. The absorption of brown carbon
(BrC) was identified by the increased-absorption Ångström exponent (AAE), and the heating rate of black carbon (BC) and BrC was estimated by
computing the spectral absorption coefficient and actinic flux calculated by
a radiative transfer model. BC and BrC had a heating rate of up to 0.18 and
0.05 K h−1 in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), respectively, during the
pollution period. The fraction of BrC absorption increased from 12 % to
40 % in the PBL from the CP to the HP. Notably, a higher contribution of
BrC heating was found above the PBL under polluted conditions. This study
paints a full picture of shortwave heating impacts of carbonaceous aerosols
during different stages of pollution events and highlights the increased
contribution of BrC absorption especially at higher altitudes during
pollution.
Controls of fluorescent tracer retention by soils and sediments
Authors: Bork Marcus , Lange Jens , Graf-Rosenfellner Markus , Lang Friederike 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Fluorescent dyes like uranine (UR) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) have been used for decades as artificial tracers in hydrological studies.
Recently, attempts have been made to trace organic pollutants in soil with such dyes, but the knowledge of the controls of sorption of UR and SRB in soils is still incomplete and poorly standardised.
For this reason, we selectively controlled clay, organic matter (OM) and pH within batch experiments and quantified systematically the impact and possible interactions of these controls on the adsorption of UR and SRB.
Sorption isotherms were determined using a sandy sediment and a silty loamy subsoil and topsoil (0.6–2.8 % organic carbon (OC)) at pH values of 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5.
Additionally, OM was removed from topsoil and subsoil samples by H2O2 treatment and the clay mineral montmorillonite was added to the sandy sediment.
We found a negative relationship between the linear sorption coefficient Kd and pH that was stronger for UR than for SRB.
Increasing repulsion forces between negative sorption sites and tracer functional groups at higher pH values might explain these results.
Adsorption of UR and SRB increased with increasing clay content due to more specific surface area and associated sorption sites.
An addition of 4 % of the clay mineral montmorillonite sufficed to adsorb nearly 100 % of both tracers.
The influence of OM was more complex: while the adsorption of UR increased with increasing OC concentration, the opposite was observed for SRB.
Our study indicates the high relevance of physico-chemical properties of soils and sediments for the fate of applied tracers and for their more conservative or non-conservative behaviour.
Overall, the reported results will help to optimise the use of fluorescent tracers in terrestrial ecosystems and to increase their potential as a cheap and fast tool to gain insights into the fate of pollutants in soils and sediments.
Changing suspended sediment in United States rivers and streams: linking sediment trends to changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate
Authors: Murphy Jennifer C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Sediment is one of the leading pollutants in rivers and
streams across the United States (US) and the world. Between 1992 and 2012,
concentrations of annual mean suspended sediment decreased at over half of
the 137 stream sites assessed across the contiguous US. Increases occurred
at less than 25 % of the sites, and the direction of change was uncertain
at the remaining 25 %. Sediment trends were characterized using the
Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model, and decreases in
sediment ranged from −95 % to −8.5 % of the 1992 concentration. To
explore potential drivers of these changes, the sediment trends were (1) parsed into two broad contributors of change, changes in land management
versus changes in the streamflow regime, and (2) grouped by land use of the
watershed and correlated to concurrent changes in land use or land cover (land use/cover), hydrology
and climate variables and static/long-term watershed characteristics. At
83 % of the sites, changes in land management (captured by changes in the
concentration–streamflow relationship over time; C–Q relationship) contributed more to the
change in the sediment trend than changes in the streamflow regime alone
(i.e., any systematic change in the magnitude, frequency or timing of flows).
However, at >50 % of the sites, changes in the streamflow
regime contributed at least a 5 % change in sediment, and at 11 sites
changes in the streamflow regime contributed over half the change in
sediment, indicating that at many sites changes in streamflow were not the
main driver of changes in sediment but were often an important supporting
factor. Correlations between sediment trends and concurrent changes in land
use/cover, hydrology and climate were often stronger at sites draining
watersheds with more homogenous, human-related land uses (i.e., agricultural
and urban lands) compared to mixed-use or undeveloped lands. At many sites,
decreases in sediment occurred despite small-to-moderate increases in the
amount of urban or agricultural land in the watershed, suggesting
conservation efforts and best-management practices (BMPs) used to reduce sediment
runoff to streams may be successful, up to a point, as lands are converted
to urban and agricultural uses.
Jurisdictie bij schade als gevolg van een inbreuk op het Europees mededingingsrecht
Authors: Hoyer T.S. , Fanoy J.W. 
Published: March 2020

Jurisdictie bij schade als gevolg van een inbreuk op het Europees mededingingsrecht
In dit overzichtsartikel bespreken de auteurs de lijnen die zijn te ontdekken in de arresten CDC/Akzo, flyLAL, Apple en Tibor-Trans van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie, die zien op de toepassing en uitleg van de artikel 7 lid 2, artikel 8 lid 1 en artikel 25 van de EEX-Vo in het geval van een schadevordering wegens een inbreuk op het Europees mededingingsrecht. Voorts gaan zij in op de (praktische) gevolgen van deze jurisprudentie voor een benadeelde die een schadevordering wegens een inbreuk op het Europees mededingingsrecht aanhangig wenst te maken.

HvJ EU 21 mei 2015, zaaknr. C-352/13, ECLI:EU:C:2015:335 (CDC/Akzo).

HvJ EU 5 juli 2018, zaaknr. C-27/17, ECLI:EU:C:2018:533 (flyLAL).

HvJ EU 24 oktober 2018, zaaknr. C-595/17, ECLI:EU:C:2018:854 (Apple).

HvJ EU 29 juli 2019, zaaknr. C-451/18, ECLI:EU:C:2019:635 (Tibor-Trans).
A cidade de Barreiras enquanto polo de Ensino Superior na região do Extremo Oeste da Bahia: desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Silva Elisama dos Santos da , Brasileiro Robson Soares 
Published: March 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal discutir a expansão e interiorização de Instituições de Ensino Superior na cidade de Barreiras-BA, visando identificar as perspectivas e os desafios, além de interpretar como a expansão do Ensino Superior dinamiza a economia local e regional. No decorrer da referida pesquisa foi necessário uma análise sobre a implantação de Universidades no Extremo Oeste da Bahia, com ênfase na diversidade de alguns cursos superiores oferecidos pelas seguintes Instituições de Ensino Superior - IES: Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia – UFOB (mais os campus territorializados nas cidades de: Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bom Jesus da Lapa e Barra); Instituto Federal da Bahia - IFBA, (campus Barreiras); Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB, (campus IX); Faculdade São Francisco de Barreiras – FASB; Faculdade D. Pedro ll; Faculdade Regional da Bahia – UNIRB e Universidade Norte do Paraná – UNOPAR. Desta forma, considerando e pontuando a importância do Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (Reuni), nas cidades interioranas do Brasil.
O índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) em aulas de geografia: uma análise de vídeos educativos na internet
Authors: Godoy Daniel , Soares Paulo Roberto Rodrigues 
Published: March 2020

Este artigo traz uma análise do uso e da apropriação do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) em aulas de Geografia por meio da observação da linguagem espacial utilizada pelos professores em videoaulas publicadas na internet. A metodologia utilizada se fundamenta estudo das representações por análise de conteúdo e análise direta do discurso. Os resultados encontrados demonstram uma importante dimensão a ser melhor compreendida em relação a Geografia e os indicadores sociais que se remete a dimensão da apropriação social, da ideologia e da construção de imaginários geográficos. Observamos processos de ancoragem e objetivação do IDH que se remete a mecanismos de construção simbólica do espaço, relacionados a produção de uma “psicoesfera” (SANTOS, 1996), a “representações sociais do espaço” (BONFIN, 2012) e a “espaços de representações” (LEFEBVRE, 2013) relevantes de serem considerados nos processos de construção do conhecimento geográfico e das práticas pedagógicas em Geografia.
Lesiones entre practicantes de esquí y snowboard portugueses
Authors: Martins A. , Silva B. , Camões M. , Pereira J. , Clemente FM. 
Published: March 2020

Con la introducción del snowboard en el mundo ha habido un gran aumento de lo número de entusiastas de los deportes de invierno. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar y comparar los perfiles de las lesiones de portugueses en esquí y en snowboard. Un total de 218 individuos han completado un cuestionario retrospectivo de 2 años, de los cuales 87 (40%) de ellos eran esquiadores, 113 (52%) practicantes de snowboard y 18 (8%) practicaban ambos deportes. Un total de 107 (49%) sujetos resultaron lesionados, con 42 (39.3%) de estas lesiones relacionadas con el esquí y 72 (67.3%) lesiones relacionadas con el snowboard. La localización más frecuente de la lesión en el cuerpo fue la rodilla en ambos deportes (59.5% en esquí y 31.9% en snowboard). En conclusión, observamos que el snowboard tiene un mayor riesgo de lesiones en comparación con el esquí.
With the introduction of Snowboarding into the world there has been a huge increase in the number of winter sports enthusiasts. This study’s aim is to analyse and compare the injury profiles associated to Portuguese Skiers and Snowboarders. A total of 218 individuals completed a 2 years retrospective questionnaire, of which 87 (40%) of them were Skiers, 113 (52%) Snowboarders and 18 (8%) practised both sports. A total of 107 (49%) subjects were injured, with 42 (39.3%) Ski related and 72 (67.3%) Snowboard related injuries. The most frequent body location of injury was the knee in both sports (59.5% in Ski and 31.9% in Snowboard). In conclusion we observe that Snowboarding has a higher risk of injury compared to Skiing.
Perfil de entrenamiento y rendimiento en bodyboarders de élite
Authors: Bruno S. , Gonçalo C. 
Published: March 2020

El surf puede considerarse una actividad intermitente, con el nivel de condición física a contribuir para un mejor rendimiento tanto en el entrenamiento como en la competición. A pesar de algunos conocimientos sobre los niveles de aptitud de los surfistas de élite, la investigación que examina el perfil de entrenamiento de Bodyboarders de elite y su influencia en los resultados de la competición es limitada. Durante el Viana World Bodyboard Pro, 49 bodyboarders de élite respondieron un cuestionario retrospectivo. La correlación de Spearmen y la prueba de Mann-Whitney se aplicaron para determinar posibles asociaciones y comparaciones entre grupos. La clasificación final en lo circuito mundial está influenciada por la práctica de Entrenamiento Físico y tener entrenador (p<0.05). El bodyboard es más que un deporte recreativo que necesita una nueva visión sobre la planificación específica. Especialmente para atletas junior, el entrenamiento físico es un factor clave para lograr un mejor rendimiento.
Surfing can be considered an intermittent activity with different intensities, were fitness level of surfing athletes contributes to a better performance in both training and competition. Despite some knowledge about the fitness levels of elite surfers, there is limited published research examining the training profile of elite Bodyboarders and is influence in competition outcomes. During the Viana World Bodyboard Pro in Viana do Castelo, 49 elite bodyboarders, replied a retrospective questionnaire that include training habits. Spearmen correlation and Mann-Whitney test was applied to determine possible associations and comparation between groups. The ending ranking in the world tour is influenced by the practice of Physical Training and the fact that have a coach (p< 0.05). Bodyboarding is more than a recreational sport needing a new insight regarding sports specific season plan, that allow athletes compete at higher level. Specially for Junior athlete’s, physical training is key factor for accomplish better performance.
Psychometric evaluation of a newly developed Elderly-Constipation Impact Scale
Authors: Abdul Wahab Patimah , Mohd Yusoff Dariah , Abdul Kadir Azidah , Ali Siti Hawa , Lee Yeong Yeh , Kueh Yee Cheng 
Published: March 2020

Background
Chronic constipation is a common symptom among the elderly, and it may affect their quality of life (QoL). A lack of available research focused on the elderly means that this effect is not well understood. This study aimed to develop and validate a new scale (Elderly-Constipation Impact Scale (E-CIS)) to measure the impact of chronic constipation on QoL among the elderly.

Methods
A pool of items was generated from a qualitative study, literature reviews, and expert reviews. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the original 40 items of the E-CIS and followed by 27 items for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 470 elderly people with chronic constipation were involved.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 68.64 ± 6.57. Finally, only 22 items were indicated as appropriately representing the E-CIS, which were grouped into seven subscales: ‘daily activities’, ‘treatment satisfaction’, ‘lack of control of bodily function’, ‘diet restriction’, ‘symptom intensity’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘preventive actions’. The scale was confirmed as valid (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.04, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.961, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.952 and chi-square/degree of freedom (chiSq/df) = 1.44) and reliable (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.66–0.85, composite reliability (CR) = 0.699–0.851) to assess the impact of chronic constipation on the elderly’s QoL.

Conclusions
The E-CIS is useful to measure the impact of chronic constipation on the elderly’s QoL. A further test is needed to determine the validity and reliability of this scale in other elderly population.
Influence of Poultry Manure Rates on the Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Rivers State
Authors: Adesina O. L. , Wiro K. O. 
Published: March 2020

Knowledge of optimum rates of poultry manure application is of immense significance in the correction of the soil nutrient deficiencies for crop production. Manure application is of importance to both the soil amendment and in the growth and yield of crops. Leaching, pattern of cropping, use of non-certified seeds and non-improved varieties have hampered the efficient growth and yield of okra. The study was conducted to examine the growth and yield responses of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to poultry manure rates in Rivers State. The research study became imperative to examine how rate of poultry manure could affect the production of okra. The experiment utilized three rates of poultry manure, 0-tons (control), 5-tonsha-1 and 10-tonha-1and the treatment combination arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) replicated three times. Growth characteristics measured were, plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and number of leaves per plant while yield parameters measured were pod length, seeds per pod, total number of pods, pod yield per hectare. The results revealed that appropriate rate of poultry manure application in the production of okra has the capacity to increase okra growth and yield in Rivers State. The use of 10-tonha-1 of poultry manure performed better than other poultry manure rates and so it’s recommended that okra farmers in the study area should apply 10-tonha-1 for high quality and quantity production of okra in Rivers State.
Square pegs in round holes: How do pediatric emergency medicine fellowship program directors fit graduates of emergency medicine residencies into their programs?
Authors: Runkle Anne P. , Feliu Marianela , Lo Charmaine B. , Way David P. , Mitzman Jennifer 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivePediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship directors can interview candidates from either pediatric or EM residency programs. Currently, most candidates are pediatricians; however, because emergency physicians have attributes that could benefit PEM, our goal was to investigate facilitators and barriers to training more of them to become PEM physicians.MethodsWe surveyed U.S. PEM fellowship program directors (PDs) about their program's recruitment practices: Do they recruit only pediatricians or mostly pediatricians with an occasional emergency physician or do they actively recruit both? We solicited volunteers from each recruitment group for interviews. These were recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded using summative content analysis. Comments were cataloged into themes that were philosophical or logistic in nature and those that might facilitate (drivers) or serve as barriers (restrainers) to the inclusion of emergency physicians in PEM.ResultsWe received 50 of 86 (58%) survey responses, 29 (34%) of whom volunteered for interviews. The 17 volunteers we selected for interviews generated 13 themes that fell into the four major theme categories: four philosophical drivers, three logistic drivers, two philosophical restrainers, and four logistic restrainers. Program groups differed with regard to the inclusion of emergency physicians. Most limiting were the impact of variable program length and the implicit belief that pediatricians are best suited to treat children. Most beneficial is the recognized value of EM graduates to the field of PEM.ConclusionsWhile PDs acknowledged a growing need for PEM physicians, particularly in community hospitals, and that emergency physicians would contribute to PEM, they also identified the logistical burden of including them in programs primarily designed for pediatricians. This burden involves maintaining separate curricula for EM graduates and finding emergency physician faculty to serve as mentors. PDs also expressed a desire for resources to guide the integration of more emergency physicians into their programs.
Assessment of Suitable Habitats, Fragmentation Analysis, and Ecological Corridor Identification for Sichuan Golden Snub‐Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Sichuan Province, Southwest China
Authors: Dai Yunchuan , Zhu Yujing , Xia Wancai , Zou Shuzhen , Wang Fan , Li Dayong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) was found to possess significant scientific and conservation value but faced multiple threats including habitat fragmentation and loss, human disturbance, illegal hunting, and the impacts of climate change on their habitat. To enhance habitat protection for this species, our study utilized field survey data and distribution records from protected areas to systematically evaluate spatial heterogeneity in suitable habitat distribution and habitat quality in Sichuan Province. Integration of 3S technology and ecological modeling allowed for a comprehensive assessment. We found that: (1) The potential habitat area for the species in Sichuan Province covered 78,470.47 km², with suitable and marginally suitable habitats occupying 28,301.36 and 50,169.11 km² respectively. Suitable habitats were predominantly found at elevations of 1600–3200 m, in areas with low population density and minimal human disturbance. (2) Suitable habitats within protected areas accounted for 42.7% of the total suitable habitat area, while marginally suitable habitats within protected areas comprised 24.8% of the total marginally suitable habitat area. (3) Vegetation types most utilized by the species, ranked from highest to lowest preference, were deciduous broadleaf forests, evergreen coniferous forests, evergreen broadleaf forests, mixed coniferous‐deciduous forests, and shrublands. Evergreen coniferous forests exhibited the largest patch area and lowest fragmentation, whereas deciduous broadleaf forests showed higher fragmentation within protected areas. (4) Four potential ecological corridors were identified, connecting the Wujiao, Xuebaoding, and Baodinggou nature reserves. Strengthening the protection of suitable habitats and potential ecological corridors would enhance landscape connectivity, facilitating the effective utilization of suitable habitats by the Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey. Our findings provided a scientific basis for future conservation and management efforts for the Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey.
Novel Scent Enrichment Enhances Socio‐Sexual and Olfactory Behaviors in Zoo‐Housed Gentle Lemurs
Authors: Fontani Sara , Glendewar Gale , Cowen Rachel , Callagan Georgia , Costantini Anna B. , Elwell Emily , Dubreuil Colin , Palframan Matthew , Vaglio Stefano 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Alaotran gentle lemur (Hapalemur Alaotrensis) is one of the most endangered primates in the world and shows a low success rate in captive breeding programmes. We tested a novel scent enrichment, made up of a synthesized mixture likely conveying information about female fertility, on four unsuccessful breeding pairs (n = 8 subjects) living at the Jersey, Birmingham, London (United Kingdom) and Mulhouse (France) zoos. We evaluated the effects of the scent enrichment on behavior (515 h of observation) and fecal endocrinology (cortisol and testosterone measurements) (n = 180 samples) comparing pre‐ enrichment, enrichment and post‐ enrichment phases. We found a small effect by sex on olfactory behaviors related to the enrichment. We also found that both male and female sexual behaviors significantly increased during the enrichment. Conversely, we did not find any significant change related to enrichment in cortisol and testosterone levels, whilst some effect by the zoo environment. Our results show little effectiveness by the scent enrichment as the lemur hormone levels did not change significantly and the lemurs continued to fail to reproduce following the enrichment. Nevertheless, our findings highlight that biologically relevant scent may trigger natural species‐specific behaviors, with potential implications for enhancing behavioral health and management of zoo‐based endangered lemur species.