bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of DOACs on laboratory tests and their removal by activated carbon to limit interference in functional assays
Authors: Exner Thomas , Rigano Joseph , Favaloro Emmanuel J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe aimed to review the interfering effect of DOACs on tests for haemostatic function and then to discuss overcoming these with activated carbon (AC) products, thereby eliminating DOAC issues from test plasmas. Recent relevant articles were reviewed and are discussed. Laboratory tests for DOACs, lupus anticoagulant, factor assays and APC Resistance were carried out in such publications with and without an AC product on various instruments using reagents approved for diagnostic use in well‐regulated clinical laboratories. All reports on this plasma pre‐treatment by AC products agree that they extract DOACs from plasma samples with minimal effect on underlying clotting tests. The specific extraction of DOACs significantly reduced false positive lupus anticoagulant detection and provided more reliable results in clotting factor assays, APC resistance and other thrombophilia tests. Dabigatran and edoxaban seem to be adsorbed more thoroughly by AC from plasmas than rivaroxaban and apixaban. In summary, most of the AC products reviewed here appear to remove DOACs from test plasmas without significantly affecting underlying clotting tests and permit correct diagnosis of various haemostatic conditions despite the initial presence of DOACs. The application of such agents as a sample pre‐treatment to overcome the effects of DOACs for routine coagulation testing is supported by the emerging literature.
Chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus infection: A heterogeneous entity requiring a high index of suspicion for diagnosis
Authors: Ondrejka Sarah L. , Hsi Eric D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic active Epstein‐Barr virus infection of T‐ and NK‐cell type, systemic form, is a rare entity within the spectrum of EBV‐driven T‐ and NK‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Established diagnostic criteria and a characteristic clinical course help to differentiate it from other closely related EBV‐positive neoplasms and clinical states. We present a patient and review the natural history, pathologic features, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis of this entity.
Genomic investigation of inherited thrombotic microangiopathy—aHUS and TTP
Authors: Enjeti Anoop K. , de Malmanche Theo , Chapman Kent , Ziolkowski Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are a heterogeneous group of red cell fragmentation syndromes characterized by a tendency for thrombosis and pathognomonic red cell fragments in peripheral blood, which results in thrombosis in the microvasculature due to endothelial damage. Genomic investigations into inherited TMAs are of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value. Here, we present two cases that capture the importance of performing genomic testing in rare disorders. Treatment options for these conditions, such as plasma exchange and monoclonal antibodies against complement factors, are intensive and expensive health care interventions. The results of genomic investigation into rare TMAs can better inform the clinicians and their patients of prognosis and suitable personalized treatment options.
How I investigate neutropenia
Authors: Frater John L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeutropenia is a common laboratory finding in adults and children. Its underlying causes are extremely heterogeneous and include benign conditions, autoimmune disorders, infections, and malignancies. The clinical laboratory plays a central role in the diagnosis of these disorders, including data derived from hematology, microbiology, molecular biology/cytogenetics, and clinical chemistry. The purpose of this review is to (a) highlight the clinical, hematologic, and molecular genetic features of the major entities resulting in neutropenia and (b) outline an algorithm‐based approach to permit the classification of neutropenias.
Iatrogenic medication errors reported to the Victorian Poisons Information Centre
Authors: Bourke Elyssia M. , Macleod Dawson , Robinson Jeff , L. Greene Shaun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIatrogenic medication errors are a cause of medical morbidity and mortality. They result in significant cost to the Australian healthcare system each year. There is limited Australian evidence describing the iatrogenic errors occurring within the hospital system.AimsTo examine and describe iatrogenic medication errors occurring in Victorian healthcare settings through the analysis of referrals to a state Poisons Information Centre (PIC).MethodsA retrospective review of iatrogenic medication errors reported to the Victorian PIC (VPIC) from community and hospital healthcare settings from January 2015 to December 2019.ResultsOver a 5‐year period, 357 iatrogenic errors were identified, 63% (n = 224) of which occurred in a hospital setting. The remaining errors occurred in a community healthcare setting. One in five patients were symptomatic from the medication error at the time of the call to the VPIC, and a change in management was required in 45% (n = 165) of all cases. Five percent (n = 17) of patients developed moderate to severe clinical toxicity as determined by the recorded poisoning severity score, and 88% (n = 18) of these required critical care management. Incorrect medication dosing accounted for 62% (n = 221) of errors. Common medication dosing errors included: double dose (51%, n = 114), incorrect medication administered (14%, n = 49), incorrect route (9%, n = 31), incorrect patient (6%, n = 22) and adult dose given to a child (4%, n = 15).ConclusionsIatrogenic errors are occurring in the Victorian health care system. These errors can result in serious morbidity. Identification of causative factors and investment in preventative strategies will likely reduce associated morbidity and healthcare costs.
Dabigatran ameliorates airway smooth muscle remodeling in asthma by modulating Yes‐associated protein
Authors: Deng Zhenan , Xie Haojun , Cheng Weiying , Zhang Meihong , Liu Jie , Huo Yating , Liao Yulin , Cheng Yuanxiong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that thrombin, the major effector of the coagulation cascade, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Interestingly, dabigatran, a drug used in clinical anticoagulation, directly inhibits thrombin activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of dabigatran on airway smooth muscle remodeling in vivo and in vitro. Here, we found that dabigatran attenuated inflammatory pathology, mucus production, and collagen deposition in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Additionally, dabigatran suppressed Yes‐associated protein (YAP) activation in airway smooth muscle of asthmatic mice. In human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), dabigatran not only alleviated thrombin‐induced proliferation, migration and up‐regulation of collagen I, α‐SMA, CTGF and cyclin D1, but also inhibited thrombin‐induced YAP activation, while YAP activation mediated thrombin‐induced HASMCs remodeling. Mechanistically, thrombin promoted actin stress fibre polymerization through the PAR1/RhoA/ROCK/MLC2 axis to activate YAP and then interacted with SMAD2 in the nucleus to induce downstream target genes, ultimately aggravating HASMCs remodeling. Our study provides experimental evidence that dabigatran ameliorates airway smooth muscle remodeling in asthma by inhibiting YAP signalling, and dabigatran may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of asthma.
Hard and soft tissue alterations during the healing stage of immediate implant placement and provisionalization with or without connective tissue graft: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jiang Xi , Di Ping , Ren Shuxin , Zhang Yu , Lin Ye 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the hard and soft tissue alterations of immediately placed and provisionalized implants with or without connective tissue graft (CTG).Materials and MethodsSingle unsalvageable maxillary incisors were replaced with immediately placed and provisionalized implants in 42 participants. The patients were randomly assigned to receive simultaneous CTG (test group) and not receive CTG (control group). Digital impression and cone‐beam computed tomography images were obtained before extraction and after 6 months. Mid‐facial gingival margin migrations, soft tissue contour changes and hard tissue remodelling were analysed and compared between the two groups using three‐dimensional superimposition method.ResultsForty participants completed the study. The test group showed significantly less buccal tissue collapse in the area 2–5 mm apical to the gingival margin. In both groups, the mid‐facial gingival margin migrated in an apico‐palatal direction and the socket void, except for a triangular space in the bucco‐coronal region, demonstrated radiographic new bone formation without statistically significant differences.ConclusionsThe CTG used with immediate implant placement and provisionalization could compensate for the facial tissue collapse, but it did not benefit maintenance of the mid‐facial gingival margin position during the 6‐month follow‐up. New bone formation observed radiographically can be expected in most areas of the socket void, regardless of CTG use (ChiCTR‐1900028494).
Changes in, and predictors of, quality of life among patients with unstable angina after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Van Nguyen Huy , Khuong Long Quynh , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Nguyen Anh Le Tuan , Nguyen Cham Thi , Nguyen Ha Thi Thu , Tran Thu Thi Ha , Dao An Thi Minh , Gilmour Stuart , Van Hoang Minh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesChanges in, and predictors of, quality of life (QoL) among unstable angina patients are informative for both clinical and public health practice. However, there is little research on this topic, especially in health care settings with limited resources. This study aims to detect changes in QoL and its associated factors among patients with unstable angina after percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsA longitudinal design was conducted with two repeated rounds of measurements, 1 and 3 months after intervention, using the generic SF‐36 questionnaire, in 120 patients from Vietnam National Heart Institute. A linear mixed‐effects model was used to assess changes in patient QoL over time while adjusting for other covariates.ResultsOnly two out of eight QoL subscales (social functioning and emotional well‐being) declined after 1 month, but these tended to rise again after 3 months, while scores of all other QoL subscales increased. Adjusting for covariates, QoL increased slightly after 1 month of intervention (β = 0.65, 95%CI = −0.86 to 2.16) but improved by almost six QoL points after 3 months (β = 5.99, 95%CI = 4.48 to 7.50). Four confounders significantly associated with a decline in QoL were older age, being retired, living in rural areas, and having abnormal troponin level.ConclusionQoL of the patients with unstable angina improves significantly 3 months after intervention, rather than after 1 month. More attention should be given to patients, who are old, retired, live in rural areas and have abnormal troponin level.
Effects of Pseudoloma neurophilia infection on the brain transcriptome in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Midttun Helene L.E. , Vindas Marco A. , Whatmore Paul J , Øverli Øyvind , Johansen Ida B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLaboratory zebrafish are commonly infected with the intracellular, brain‐infecting microsporidian parasite Pseudoloma neurophilia. Chronic P. neurophilia infections induce inflammation in meninges, brain and spinal cord, and have been suggested to affect neural functions since parasite clusters reside inside neurons. However, underlying neural and immunological mechanisms associated with infection have not been explored. Utilizing RNA‐sequencing analysis, we found that P. neurophilia infection upregulated 175 and downregulated 45 genes in the zebrafish brain, compared to uninfected controls. Four biological pathways were enriched by the parasite, all of which were associated with immune function. In addition, 14 gene ontology (GO) terms were enriched, eight of which were associated with immune responses and five with circadian rhythm. Surprisingly, no differentially expressed genes or enriched pathways were specific for nervous system function. Upregulated immune‐related genes indicate that the host generally show a pro‐inflammatory immune response to infection. On the other hand, we found a general downregulation of immune response genes associated with anti‐pathogen functions, suggesting an immune evasion strategy by the parasite. The results reported here provide important information on host–parasite interaction and highlight possible pathways for complex effects of parasite infections on zebrafish phenotypes.
Risk management in community pharmacy practice in Abu Dhabi Region: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abu Hagar Reham , El-Dahiyat Faris , El Refae Ghaleb 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Pharmacy risk factors impose a major threat to general healthcare outcomes. Risks that can directly affect patients are known as clinical risk factors, and other, non-clinical risk factors may also affect a pharmacist's performance and pharmaceutical profession. This study aims to evaluate the risks, which occur in community pharmacies in Abu Dhabi, and to investigate the protective plans followed in such incidence.

Methods
A self-administrated online questionnaire was distributed to community pharmacists in Abu Dhabi. The questionnaire items were tested by content and face validity in a panel of experts and pilot study. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used for the data analysis.

Key findings
Medication errors and computer system malfunction occur monthly, as reported by 40% of the participants (n = 131). Theft cases were reported by 37.6% (n = 121) of the pharmacists. Violence was categorized as verbal, psychological and physical abuse, and the frequency was 56.8% (n = 183), 30.4% (n = 98) and 14.3% (n = 46) respectively. Almost all the participants belief that communication skills, alertness and experience are the most important internal factors affecting performance. Environmental factors such as the availability of restrooms were cited as important external factors enhancing performance. Chain pharmacies were found to address electrical failure and dealing with look-alike sound-alike/high-alert medication efficiently.

Conclusions
Different types of clinical and non-clinical risk in pharmacy practice were identified, and risk mitigation techniques were proposed. A positive attitude of community pharmacists was observed towards identifies risks and on the suggested mitigation techniques. It is necessary to publish a universally referenced validated risk factor list for evaluating current risk management plans to maintain safe pharmacy practices and include management courses within pharmacy curriculum.
In vitro metabolism of red clover isoflavones in rumen fluid
Authors: Dadáková Kateřina , Trnková Andrea , Kašparovská Jitka , Křížová Ludmila , Lochman Jan , Kašparovský Tomáš 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe degradation of red clover isoflavones was studied in vitro using a rumen fluid buffer system. Various amounts of red clover extract (5–75 mg) together with hay or concentrate‐rich diet were added to 40 ml of rumen fluid obtained from non‐lactating and lactating dairy cows, respectively, and incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hr. Following incubation, concentrations of daidzein, genistein, formononetin, biochanin A and equol were determined in the samples. After 3 hr of incubation, isoflavone metabolism and equol production could be observed. The results obtained indicate that hay diet provides better conditions for isoflavone metabolism, as concentrations of daidzein, formononetin and biochanin A were higher in incubations based on the concentrate‐rich diet and the production of equol was higher in incubations based on the hay diet. Furthermore, in incubations with higher amounts of added clover extract, a decrease in equol production was observed. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of adaptation of rumen microflora on isoflavone degradation kinetics and to clarify the interrelationship between various dietary factors, rumen microbiota and isoflavones. The knowledge of isoflavone metabolism kinetics in dependence on studied factors will be useful for the optimization of feeding dose.
Spatial Disparities in Coronavirus Incidence and Mortality in the United States: An Ecological Analysis as of May 2020
Authors: Zhang Charlie H. , Schwartz Gary G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThis ecological analysis investigates the spatial patterns of the COVID‐19 epidemic in the United States in relation to socioeconomic variables that characterize US counties.MethodsData on confirmed cases and deaths from COVID‐19 for 2,814 US counties were obtained from Johns Hopkins University. We used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the spatial aspects of this pandemic and investigate the disparities between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan communities. Multiple regression models were used to explore the contextual risk factors of infections and death across US counties. We included population density, percent of population aged 65+, percent population in poverty, percent minority population, and percent of the uninsured as independent variables. A state‐level measure of the percent of the population that has been tested for COVID‐19 was used to control for the impact of testing.FindingsThe impact of COVID‐19 in the United States has been extremely uneven. Although densely populated large cities and their surrounding metropolitan areas are hotspots of the pandemic, it is counterintuitive that incidence and mortality rates in some small cities and nonmetropolitan counties approximate those in epicenters such as New York City. Regression analyses support the hypotheses of positive correlations between COVID‐19 incidence and mortality rates and socioeconomic factors including population density, proportions of elderly residents, poverty, and percent population tested.ConclusionsKnowledge about the spatial aspects of the COVID‐19 epidemic and its socioeconomic correlates can inform first responders and government efforts. Directives for social distancing and to “shelter‐in‐place” should continue to stem the spread of COVID‐19.
A term structure model for dividends and interest rates
Authors: Filipović Damir , Willems Sander 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the last decade, dividends have become a standalone asset class instead of a mere side product of an equity investment. We introduce a framework based on polynomial jump‐diffusions to jointly price the term structures of dividends and interest rates. Prices for dividend futures, bonds, and the dividend paying stock are given in closed form. We present an efficient moment based approximation method for option pricing. In a calibration exercise we show that a parsimonious model specification has a good fit with Euribor interest rate swaps and swaptions, Euro Stoxx 50 Index dividend futures and dividend options, and Euro Stoxx 50 Index options.
The nine stages of skin‐to‐skin: practical guidelines and insights from four countries
Authors: Brimdyr Kajsa , Cadwell Karin , Svensson Kristin , Takahashi Yuki , Nissen Eva , Widström Ann‐Marie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncorporating systematic evidence with clinical expertise is a key element in the quest to improve quality of care and patient outcomes. The evidence supporting skin‐to‐skin contact in the first hour after birth is robust and includes significantly improved outcomes for both mother and infant. This paper compares available iterative data about newborn behaviour in the first hour after birth to further describe the observable behaviour pattern and to provide clinical insight for further research. Although the evidence for positive outcomes through skin‐to‐skin contact are robust, there is a dearth of research specifically focused on clinical practice. The methodology considers the four available data sets that used Widström's 9 stages, which consists of studies from Japan, Sweden, Italy and the United States, examining the parameters of each stage across settings from around the world. This research provides an expanded understanding of the timing of the newborn's progression through Widström's 9 observable stages. We found that newborns in all four data sets began with a birth cry and continued through the remaining stages of relaxation, awakening, activity, rest, crawling, familiarization, suckling and sleeping during the first hours after birth and consolidated the data into a Sign of the Stages chart to assist in further research. The evidence supports making a safe space and time for this important newborn behaviour. Clinical practices should encourage and protect this sensitive period.
Quaternary land bridges have not been universal conduits of gene flow
Authors: Cros Emilie , Chattopadhyay Balaji , Garg Kritika M. , Ng Nathaniel S. R. , Tomassi Suzanne , Benedick Suzan , Edwards David P. , Rheindt Frank E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuaternary climate oscillations are a well‐known driver of animal diversification, but their effects are most well studied in areas where glaciations lead to habitat fragmentation. In large areas of the planet, however, glaciations have had the opposite effect, but here their impacts are much less well understood. This is especially true in Southeast Asia, where cyclical changes in land distribution have generated enormous land expansions during glacial periods. In this study, we selected a panel of five songbird species complexes covering a range of ecological specificities to investigate the effects Quaternary land bridges have had on the connectivity of Southeast Asian forest biota. Specifically, we combined morphological and bioacoustic analysis with an arsenal of population genomic and modelling approaches applied to thousands of genome‐wide DNA markers across a total of more than 100 individuals. Our analyses show that species dependent on forest understorey exhibit deep differentiation between Borneo and western Sundaland, with no evidence of gene flow during the land bridges accompanying the last 1–2 ice ages. In contrast, dispersive canopy species and habitat generalists have experienced more recent gene flow. Our results argue that there remains much cryptic species‐level diversity to be discovered in Southeast Asia even in well‐known animal groups such as birds, especially in nondispersive forest understorey inhabitants. We also demonstrate that Quaternary land bridges have not been equally suitable conduits of gene flow for all species complexes and that life history is a major factor in predicting relative population divergence time across Quaternary climate fluctuations.