bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of absolute cardiovascular disease risk assessment into routine blood cholesterol testing at pathology services
Authors: Chapman Niamh , Fonseca Ricardo , Murfett Leigh , Beazley Kevin , McWhirter Rebekah E , Schultz Martin G , Nelson Mark R , Sharman James E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbsolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment is recommended for primary prevention of CVD, yet uptake in general practice is limited. Cholesterol requests at pathology services provide an opportunity to improve uptake by integrating absolute CVD risk assessment with this service.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the feasibility of such an additional service.MethodsTwo-hundred and ninety-nine patients (45–74 years) referred to pathology services for blood cholesterol had measurement of all variables required to determine absolute CVD risk according to Framingham calculator (blood pressure, age, sex, smoking and diabetes status via self-report). Data were recorded via computer-based application. The absolute risk score was communicated via the report sent to the referring medical practitioner as per usual practice. Evaluation questionnaires were completed immediately post visit and at 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up via telephone (n = 262).ResultsAbsolute CVD risk reports were issued for 90% of patients. Most patients (95%) reported that the length of time for the pathology service assessment was acceptable, and 91% that the self-directed computer-based application was easy to use. Seventy-eight per cent reported a preference for pathology services to conduct absolute CVD risk assessment. Only 2% preferred a medical practitioner. Of follow-up patients, 202 (75%) had a consultation with a medical practitioner, during which, aspects of CVD risk prevention were discussed (cholesterol and blood pressure 74% and 69% of the time, respectively).ConclusionsMeasurement of absolute CVD risk in pathology services is feasible, highly acceptable among middle-to-older adults and may increase uptake of guideline-directed care in general practice.
The O-GlcNAc modification promotes terminal differentiation of human corneal epithelial cells
Authors: McColgan Nicole M , Feeley Marissa N , Woodward Ashley M , Guindolet Damien , Argüeso Pablo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDynamic modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) plays an important role in orchestrating the transcriptional activity of eukaryotic cells. Here, we report that the O-GlcNAc modification contributes to maintaining ocular surface epithelial homeostasis by promoting mucin biosynthesis and barrier function. We found that induction of human corneal epithelial cell differentiation stimulated the global transfer of O-GlcNAc to both nuclear and cytosolic proteins. Inflammatory conditions, on the other hand, were associated with a reduction in the expression of O-GlcNAc transferase at the ocular surface epithelia. Loss- and gain-of-function studies using small interfering RNA targeting O-GlcNAc transferase, or Thiamet G, a selective inhibitor of O-GlcNAc hydrolase, respectively, revealed that the presence of O-GlcNAc was necessary to promote glycocalyx barrier function. Moreover, we found that Thiamet G triggered a correlative increase in both surface expression of MUC16 and apical epithelial cell area while reducing paracellular permeability. Collectively, these results identify intracellular protein O-glycosylation as a novel pathway responsible for promoting the terminal differentiation of human corneal epithelial cells.
The dawn of the future: 30 years from the first biopsy of a human embryo. The detailed history of an ongoing revolution
Authors: Cimadomo Danilo , Rienzi Laura , Capalbo Antonio , Rubio Carmen , Innocenti Federica , García-Pascual Carmen María , Ubaldi Filippo Maria , Handyside Alan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Following early studies showing no adverse effects, cleavage stage biopsy by zona drilling using acid Tyrode’s solution, and removal of single blastomeres for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and identification of sex in couples at risk of X-linked disease, was performed by Handyside and colleagues in late 1989, and pregnancies reported in 1990. This method was later used for specific diagnosis of monogenic conditions, and a few years later also for chromosomal structural and/or numerical impairments, thereby establishing a valuable alternative option to prenatal diagnosis. This revolutionary approach in clinical embryology spread worldwide, and several other embryo biopsy strategies developed over three decades in a process that is still ongoing. The rationale of this narrative review is to outline the different biopsy approaches implemented across the years in the workflow of the IVF clinics that provided PGT: their establishment, the first clinical experiences, their downsides, evolution, improvement and standardization. The history ends with a glimpse of the future: minimally/non-invasive PGT and experimental embryo micromanipulation protocols. This grand theme review outlines a timeline of the evolution of embryo biopsy protocols, whose implementation is increasing worldwide together with the increasing application of PGT techniques in IVF. It represents a vade mecum especially for the past, present and upcoming operators and experts in this field to (re)live this history from its dawn to its most likely future.
Differential Effects of Nicotine and Nicotine Withdrawal on Fear Conditioning in Male Rats
Authors: Robble Mykel A , Holloway Isaiah L , Ridener Elysia , Webber Chelsea J , Caine S Barak , Meloni Edward G , Desai Rajeev I , Carlezon William A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Tobacco use is prevalent in individuals who are routinely exposed to stress. However, little is known about how nicotine affects responses to trauma. We examined in rats how nicotine exposure affects fear conditioning, a procedure often used to study stress-related psychiatric illness.

Methods
We examined 2 methods of nicotine exposure: self-administration, modeling voluntary use, and experimenter-programmed subcutaneous administration, modeling medicinal administration (nicotine patch). For self-administered nicotine, rats trained to self-administer nicotine i.v. were fear conditioned (via light cue preceding foot-shock) either immediately after a 12-hour self-administration session or 12 hours later during a period with somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal. For experimenter-delivered nicotine, rats were conditioned after 1–21 days of nicotine delivered by programmable (12 hours on) subcutaneous mini-pumps. Tests to evaluate acoustic startle responses to the conditioning environment (context-potentiated startle) and in the presence or absence of the light cue (fear-potentiated startle) occurred after a 10-day period.

Results
Rats fear conditioned immediately after nicotine self-administration showed reduced responses to the shock-associated context, whereas those trained during nicotine withdrawal showed exaggerated responses. Experimenter-programmed nicotine produced effects qualitatively similar to those seen with self-administered nicotine.

Conclusions
Self-administration or experimenter-programmed delivery of nicotine immediately before exposure to aversive events can reduce conditioned fear responses. In contrast, exposure to aversive events during nicotine withdrawal exacerbates fear responses. These studies raise the possibility of developing safe and effective methods to deliver nicotine or related drugs to mitigate the effects of stress while also highlighting the importance of preventing withdrawal in nicotine-dependent individuals.
Approximable Algebras as Subalgebras of Section Rings
Authors: Maclean Catriona 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In [2], Huayi Chen introduced approximable graded algebras, which he uses to prove a Fujita-type theorem in the arithmetic setting, and asked if any such algebra is the graded ring of a big line bundle on a projective variety. This was proved to be false in [ 8]. Continuing the analysis started in [8], we show that while not every approximable graded algebra is a sub algebra of the section ring of a big line bundle, we can associate to any approximable graded algebra $\textbf{B}$ a projective variety $X(\textbf{B})$ and an infinite divisor $D(\textbf{B}) =\sum _{i=1}^\infty a_i D_i$ with $a_i\rightarrow 0$ such that $\textbf{B}$ is a subalgebra of $$\begin{equation*} R( D(\textbf{B}))=\oplus_n H^0(X(\textbf{B}), n D(\textbf{B})).\end{equation*}$$We also establish a partial converse to these results by showing that if an infinite divisor $D=\sum _i a_iD_i$ converges in the space of numerical classes, then any full-dimensional sub-graded algebra of $\oplus _mH^0(X, \lfloor mD \rfloor ))$ is approximable.
The Importance of Correct Measurement: A Response to Palmer, et al
Authors: Gibler Douglas M , Miller Steven V , Little Erin K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Palmer, D’Orazio, Kenwick, and McManus (PDKM) review a minority of changes we made to the CoW MID data, agree with most of those changes, but then argue that no scientific findings will be influenced by these or the thousands of changed values they ignore. We respond in two ways. First, we point out that principles of good science dictate that we discard dispute cases that either cannot be substantiated by the historical record or that do not meet dataset coding rules; we also discuss the ten-thousand-plus changed values PDKM still have not examined. Second, contrary to PDKM, we demonstrate how data differences greatly affect previous studies by returning again to the replications. There were substantial errors in both of PDKM’s replications, and these errors led them to incorrect inferences.
Electronic personal protective equipment: A strategy to protect emergency department providers in the age of COVID-19
Authors: Turer Robert W , Jones Ian , Rosenbloom S Trent , Slovis Corey , Ward Michael J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Emergent policy changes related to telemedicine and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have created opportunities for technology-based clinical evaluation, which serves to conserve personal protective equipment (PPE) and protect emergency providers. We define electronic PPE as an approach using telemedicine tools to perform electronic medical screening exams while satisfying the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act. We discuss the safety, legal, and technical factors necessary for implementing such a pathway. This approach has the potential to conserve PPE and protect providers while maintaining safe standards for medical screening exams in the emergency department for low-risk patients in whom COVID-19 is suspected.
A De Novo MITF Deletion Explains a Novel Splashed White Phenotype in an American Paint Horse
Authors: Magdesian K Gary , Tanaka Jocelyn , Bellone Rebecca R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Splashed white is a coat color pattern in horses characterized by extensive white patterning on the legs, belly, and face often accompanied by blue eyes and deafness. Three mutations in microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and two mutations in Paired Box 3 (PAX3) have been identified that explain splashed white patterns (SW1–SW5). An American Paint Horse stallion with a splashed white phenotype and blue eyes, whose parents were not white patterned, was negative for the 5 known splashed white variants and other known white spotting alleles. This novel splashed white phenotype (SW6) was hypothesized to be caused by a de novo mutation in MITF or PAX3. Analysis of whole-genome sequencing using the EquCab3.0 reference genome for comparison identified an 8.7 kb deletion in MITF on ECA16 (NC_009159.3:g.21551060-21559770del). The deletion encompassed part of intron 7 through the 3′ UTR of exon 9 of MITF, including the helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain (ENSECAT00000006375.3). This variant is predicted to truncate protein and impair binding to DNA. Sanger sequencing confirmed the stallion was heterozygous for the MITF deletion. No single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or structural variants were identified in PAX3 or any of the other candidate genes that were unique to the stallion or predicted to affect protein function. Genotyping five of the stallion’s splashed white offspring, including one all white foal, found that they were also heterozygous for the deletion. Given the role of MITF in producing white pattern phenotypes, and the predicted deleterious effect of this mutation, this 8.7 kb deletion is the likely causal variant for SW6.
Bengali Vaishnavism in Court: the Gaudiya Math’s Crisis of Succession
Authors: Sardella Ferdinando 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The events that are the focus of the present investigation relate to a schism within the Gaudiya Math and Mission, a modern traditionalist Hindu religious institution dedicated to the revival of Chaitanya Vaishnava bhakti that was set in motion in 1918 in Mayapur, West Bengal, by the Bengali Vaishnava intellectual Swami Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati (1874–1937). By the time of Bhaktisiddhanta’s passing in 1937, the Gaudiya Math and Mission had grown to be a dynamic and influential institution. Bhaktisiddhanta’s departure had nevertheless exposed palpable tensions within his fledgling movement that assumed the form of a dramatic crisis of succession that engulfed the institution soon after his passing. This article examines in some detail the first three months of the initial court case that ensued after Bhaktisiddhanta’s passing. The material to be examined herein has been acquired from the archives of the Calcutta High Court. These legal documents offer a unique glimpse into the complex inner dynamics of this modern Gaudiya Vaishnava schismatic conflict.
A Systematic Review of Estimating Breast Cancer Recurrence at the Population Level With Administrative Data
Authors: Izci Hava , Tambuyzer Tim , Tuand Krizia , Depoorter Victoria , Laenen Annouschka , Wildiers Hans , Vergote Ignace , Van Eycken Liesbet , De Schutter Harlinde , Verdoodt Freija , Neven Patrick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundExact numbers of breast cancer recurrences are currently unknown at the population level, because they are challenging to actively collect. Previously, real-world data such as administrative claims have been used within expert- or data-driven (machine learning) algorithms for estimating cancer recurrence. We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis, to our knowledge, of publications estimating breast cancer recurrence at the population level using algorithms based on administrative data.MethodsThe systematic literature search followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We evaluated and compared sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of algorithms. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed model to obtain a pooled estimate of accuracy.ResultsSeventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. Most articles used information from medical files as the gold standard, defined as any recurrence. Two studies included bone metastases only in the definition of recurrence. Fewer studies used a model-based approach (decision trees or logistic regression) (41.2%) compared with studies using detection rules without specified model (58.8%). The generalized linear mixed model for all recurrence types reported an accuracy of 92.2% (95% confidence interval = 88.4% to 94.8%).ConclusionsPublications reporting algorithms for detecting breast cancer recurrence are limited in number and heterogeneous. A thorough analysis of the existing algorithms demonstrated the need for more standardization and validation. The meta-analysis reported a high accuracy overall, which indicates algorithms as promising tools to identify breast cancer recurrence at the population level. The rule-based approach combined with emerging machine learning algorithms could be interesting to explore in the future.
Successful management of sternomanubrial joint septic arthritis with pectoralis muscle flap closure: a case series
Authors: Ali Barkat , Shetty Anil , Borah Gregory , Demas Christopher , Schwartz Jess D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Primary infection of the sternomanubrial joint (SMJ) is extremely rare. We present four consecutive cases who were all treated with SMJ resection (partial sternectomy), bilateral partial 2nd rib resection and immediate placement of temporary wound vacuum therapy followed by pectoralis major muscle flap closure. Average patient age was 35.5 years with male predominance (75%). All patients had intravenous drug use as underlying risk factor along with concomitant viral infections Hep C (75%) and HIV (25%). MSSA was identified in resection cultures in 75% of the patients. Delayed bilateral PMFC was achieved in all patients (average post-resection day 5). Response to treatment was excellent with no recurrent infections, no complications and zero 30-day mortalities. Our experience represents the largest reported case series in adults and would suggest that aggressive surgical resection followed by PMFC would appear to be the preferred treatment for all patients with SMJ infection.
Treat and trick: common regulation and manipulation of sugar transporters during sink establishment by the plant and the pathogen
Authors: Pommerrenig Benjamin , Müdsam Christina , Kischka Dominik , Neuhaus H Ekkehard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sugar transport proteins are crucial for the coordinated allocation of sugars. In this Expert View we summarize recent key findings of the roles and regulation of sugar transporters in inter- and intracellular transport by focusing on applied approaches, demonstrating how sucrose transporter activity may alter source and sink dynamics and their identities. The plant itself alters its sugar transport activity in a developmentally dependent manner to either establish or load endogenous sinks, for example, during tuber formation and filling. Pathogens represent aberrant sinks that trigger the plant to induce the same processes, resulting in loss of carbon assimilates. We explore common mechanisms of intrinsic, developmentally dependent processes and aberrant, pathogen-induced manipulation of sugar transport. Transporter activity may also be targeted by breeding or genetic modification approaches in crop plants to alter source and sink metabolism upon the overexpression or heterologous expression of these proteins. In addition, we highlight recent progress in the use of sugar analogs to study these processes in vivo.
Constraining VLBI−optical offsets in high redshift galaxies using strong gravitational lensing
Authors: Spingola Cristiana , Barnacka Anna 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a multiwavelength analysis of two highly magnified strong gravitationally lensed galaxies, CLASS B0712+472 and CLASS B1608+656, at redshifts 1.34 and 1.394, respectively, using new VLBI (very long baseline interferometry) and archival Hubble Space Telescope observations. We reconstruct the positions of the radio and optical emissions with their uncertainties using Monte Carlo sampling. We find that in CLASS B0712+472 the optical and radio emissions are co-spatial within 2 ± 5 mas (17 ± 42 pc at redshift of 1.34). But, in CLASS B1608+656, we reconstruct an optical–radio offset of 25 ± 16 mas (214 ± 137 pc at redshift of 1.394), among the smallest offsets measured for an AGN (active galactic nucleus) at such high redshift. The spectral features indicate that CLASS B1608+656 is a post-merger galaxy, which, in combination with the optical–VLBI offset reported here, makes CLASS B1608+656 a promising candidate for a high- z offset–AGN. Furthermore, the milliarcsecond angular resolution of the VLBI observations combined with the precise lens models allow us to spatially locate the radio emission at 0.05 mas precision (0.4 pc) in CLASS B0712+472, and 0.009 mas precision (0.08 pc) in CLASS B1608+656. The search for optical–radio offsets in high redshift galaxies will be eased by the upcoming synoptic all-sky surveys, including Extremely Large Telescope and Square Kilometre Array, which are expected to find ∼105 strongly lensed galaxies, opening an era of large strong lensing samples observed at high angular resolution.
ΛCDM periodic cosmology
Authors: Fay Stéphane 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine the possibility that Universe expansion be made of some Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) expansions repeating periodically, separated by some inflation- and radiation-dominated phases. This so-called ΛCDM periodic cosmology is motivated by the possibility that inflation and the present phase of accelerated expansion be due to the same dark energy. Then, in a phase space showing the variation of matter density parameter Ωm with respect to this of the radiation Ωr, the curve Ωm(Ωr) looks like a closed trajectory that Universe could run through forever. In this case, the end of the expansion acceleration of the ΛCDM phase is the beginning of a new inflation phase. We show that such a scenario implies the coupling of matter and/or radiation to dark energy. We consider the simplest of these ΛCDM periodic models i.e. a vacuum energy coupled to radiation. From matter domination phase to today, it behaves like a ΛCDM model, then followed by an inflation phase. But a sudden and fast decay of the dark energy into radiation periodically ends the expansion acceleration. This leads to a radiation-dominated Universe preceding a new ΛCDM type expansion. The model is constrained with Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations using supernovae, Hubble expansion, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and cosmic microwave background data and fits the data as well as the ΛCDM one.
Viral Fitness Determines the Magnitude of Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Reprograming of Defense Responses in Plants
Authors: Corrêa Régis L , Sanz-Carbonell Alejandro , Kogej Zala , Müller Sebastian Y , Ambrós Silvia , López-Gomollón Sara , Gómez Gustavo , Baulcombe David C , Elena Santiago F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although epigenetic factors may influence the expression of defense genes in plants, their role in antiviral responses and the impact of viral adaptation and evolution in shaping these interactions are still poorly explored. We used two isolates of turnip mosaic potyvirus with varying degrees of adaptation to Arabidopsis thaliana to address these issues. One of the isolates was experimentally evolved in the plant and presented increased load and virulence relative to the ancestral isolate. The magnitude of the transcriptomic responses was larger for the evolved isolate and indicated a role of innate immunity systems triggered by molecular patterns and effectors in the infection process. Several transposable elements located in different chromatin contexts and epigenetic-related genes were also affected. Correspondingly, mutant plants having loss or gain of repressive marks were, respectively, more tolerant and susceptible to turnip mosaic potyvirus, with a more efficient response against the ancestral isolate. In wild-type plants, both isolates induced similar levels of cytosine methylation changes, including in and around transposable elements and stress-related genes. Results collectively suggested that apart from RNA silencing and basal immunity systems, DNA methylation and histone modification pathways may also be required for mounting proper antiviral defenses and that the effectiveness of this type of regulation strongly depends on the degree of viral adaptation to the host.