bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial selection versus natural selection: Which causes the Matthew effect of science funding allocation in China?
Authors: Zhang Gupeng , Xiong Libin , Wang Xiao , Dong Jianing , Duan Hongbo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To investigate either artificial or natural selection leads to the Matthew effect in the science funding allocation and its consequences, this study retrieves 274,732 publications by Chinese scientists from the Web of Science and examines how the disparity of science funding determines scientists’ research performance. We employ the Negative Binomial Model and other models to regress the publication’s citation times, which measures the research performance, on the number of funding grants and their amounts of currency that the publication receives, which measures the disparity of science funding. The empirical results suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship. However, the optimum number of funding grants far exceeds the actual number that most publications receive, implying that increasing the funding for academic research positively impacts scientists’ research performance. The natural disparity thus plays a major role in distributing the science funding. Additionally, China’s publication-based academic assessment system may be another main cause.
An Evaluation of a Continuing Education Workshop for Audiologists on the Assessment and Management of Tinnitus
Authors: Searchfield Grant D. , Fok Christine , Donaldson Tom , Durai Mithila , Kleinstäuber Maria , Linford Tania , Maslin Maslin 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
Tinnitus assessment and management is an important component of audiology. The benefits of continuing education (CE) workshops in the field of tinnitus have not been published. This study evaluated the outcomes of a workshop centered around a Sound Therapy and Aural Rehabilitation for Tinnitus (START) framework. Our hypotheses were that a CE workshop would (1) be useful, (2) improve clinician's knowledge and willingness to undertake tinnitus practice, and (3) result in learners using knowledge gained in their practice.

Methods:
Twenty-five participants attending a 3-day tinnitus workshop were invited to complete an evaluation immediately and 3 months after the workshop’s completion. The workshop consisted of seminars and practical sessions. The pedagogical approaches employed were experiential (theory building, reflection, and testing) and community of practice (shared experiences).

Results:
Participants reported on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not useful—5 = excellent) a high level of satisfaction both immediately after the workshop (ratings of usefulness: mean, 4.8; SD, 0.4; willingness to practice: 4.6; SD. 0.6; ability to manage: 4.6; SD, 0.5; all “excellent” ratings) and 3 months later (ratings of usefulness: mean, 4.2; SD, 0.9, “very useful;” willingness to practice: 4.6; SD, 0.6, “excellent;” ability to manage: 4.1; SD. 0.5, “very useful”). Open-ended questions indicated participants made changes in their practice that reflected material provided in the CE.

Conclusion:
The workshop was successful in improving knowledge and confidence of audiologists in undertaking tinnitus assessment and management, but the need for ongoing support and supervision was a common theme.
Association Between Vaccine Exemption Policy Change in California and Adverse Event Reporting
Authors: Hause Anne M. , Hesse Elisabeth M. , Ng Carmen , Marquez Paige , McNeil Michael M. , Omer Saad B. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
California Senate Bill 277 (SB277) eliminated non-medical immunization exemptions. Since its introduction on February 19, 2015, the rate of medical exemptions in the state has increased. Filing a report to Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) may be perceived as helpful in applying for a medical exemption. Our objective was to describe trends in reporting to VAERS from California coincident with introduction of SB277.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study of Californian children <18 years for whom a VAERS report was submitted between June 1, 2011 and July 31, 2018. VAERS is a national, passive, vaccine safety surveillance program co-managed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and FDA. The main outcomes were the proportion of VAERS reports submitted by parents (vs. other reporter types), time from immunization to VAERS report (reporting time), and adverse event type. We also performed spatial analysis, mapping reports pre- and post-mandate by county.

Results:
We identified 6703 VAERS reports from California during the study period. The proportion of reports received from parents increased after implementation of SB277, from 14% to 23%. The median reporting time by parents increased from 9 days in 2013–2014 to 31 days in 2016–2017. After the introduction of SB277, we observed an increase in reports describing behavioral and developmental symptoms among reports submitted >6 months after immunization.

Conclusions:
These recent changes in reporting patterns coincident with the introduction of SB277 may indicate that more parents are using VAERS to assist in applying for a medical exemption for their child.
Association between intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) polymorphisms and diabetic foot susceptibility
Authors: Cao Xue-Xia , Yang Jin-Kui , Wang Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to explore the association between intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) polymorphisms (rs5498 and rs3093030) and diabetic foot (DF) susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.
128 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with DF, 147 T2DM patients without DF, and 155 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. ICAM1 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The genotypes and alleles of the polymorphisms were compared by χ
2 test between the 2 groups. Association between ICAM1 polymorphisms and DF susceptibility was expressed through odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Effects of ICAM1 polymorphisms on DF clinical characteristics were analyzed by t test.
GG genotype of rs5498 polymorphism was distinctly correlated with decreased T2DM risk (OR = 0.369, 95%CI = 0.152–0.895) and reduced susceptibility to DF among healthy controls (OR = 0.316, 95%CI = 0.119–0.837). Similar results were discovered between rs5498 G allele and decreased risk of T2DM (OR = 0.676, 95%CI = 0.475–0.963) and DF (OR = 0.656, 95%CI = 0.453–0.950) among healthy controls. Individuals carrying rs3093030 T allele had low susceptibility to DF developed from T2DM (OR = 0.634, 95%CI = 0.412–0.974). DF patients carrying rs5498 AA genotype had significantly higher serum creatinine levels than GG genotype carriers (P = .003).

ICAM1 rs3093030 polymorphism may act as a protective factor against DF developed from T2DM, moreover, rs5498 may be involved in onset of T2DM.
Clinical trial number: ChiCTR-INR-18010231.
SIRT2 expression exhibits potential to serve as a biomarker for disease surveillance and prognosis in the management of cervical cancer patients
Authors: Yang Li-ping , Feng Hai-qin , Ma Jian-cai , Wu Hong , Liu Cai-ru , Hou Jun-de 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) expression between tumor tissue and adjacent tissue, and to investigate the association of tumor SIRT2 expression with clinical characteristics and survival profiles in cervical cancer patients.
One hundred ninety-one cervical cancer patients were reviewed in this retrospective study. All patients underwent surgical resection and had well-preserved tumor tissue and adjacent tissue, which were obtained for SIRT2 expression detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Clinical parameters were obtained. Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated.
Both SIRT2 expression by IHC score (P < .001) and the percentage of SIRT2 high expression (defined as IHC score >3) (P < .001) were declined in tumor tissue compared with paired adjacent tissue. In addition, SIRT2 expression in tumor tissue was negatively correlated with tumor size (P = .047), lymph node metastasis (P = .009) and FIGO stage (P = .001). And the DFS (P = .007) as well as OS (P = .008) were better in patients with SIRT2 high expression compared with patents with SIRT2 low expression. Univariate Cox's proportional hazards regression model analyses revealed that high SIRT2 expression in tumor tissue was a predictive factor for more prolonged DFS (P = .009) and OS (P = .011), while multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression model analysis disclosed that it lacks independent predictive value for DFS (P = .084) or OS (P = .132).
SIRT2 expression exhibits potential to serve as a biomarker for disease surveillance and prognosis in the management of cervical cancer patients.
What is the relevance of an ambulatory quick diagnosis unit or inpatient admission for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer? A retrospective study of 1004 patients
Authors: Bosch Xavier , Moreno Pedro , Guerra-García Mar , Guasch Neus , López-Soto Alfons 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Quick diagnosis units (QDU) have become an alternative hospital-based ambulatory medicine strategy to inpatient hospitalization for potentially serious illnesses in Spain. Whether diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is better accomplished by an ambulatory or inpatient approach is unknown. The main objective of this retrospective study was to examine and compare the diagnostic effectiveness of a QDU or inpatient setting in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Patients with a diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma who had been referred to a university, tertiary hospital-based QDU or hospitalized between 2005 and 2018 were eligible. Presenting symptoms and signs, risk and prognostic factors, and time to diagnosis were compared. The costs incurred during the diagnostic assessment were analyzed with a microcosting method.
A total of 1004 patients (508 QDU patients and 496 inpatients) were eligible. Admitted patients were more likely than QDU patients to have weight loss, asthenia, anorexia, abdominal pain, jaundice, and palpable hepatomegaly. Time to diagnosis of inpatients was similar to that of QDU patients (4.1 [0.8 vs 4.3 [0.6] days; P = .163). Inpatients were more likely than QDU patients to have a tumor on the head of the pancreas, a tumor size >2 cm, a more advanced nodal stage, and a poorer histological differentiation. No differences were observed in the proportion of metastatic and locally advanced disease and surgical resections. Microcosting revealed a cost of €347.76 (48.69) per QDU patient and €634.36 (80.56) per inpatient (P < .001).
Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is similarly achieved by an inpatient or QDU clinical approach, but the latter seems to be cost-effective. Because the high costs of hospitalization, an ambulatory diagnostic assessment may be preferable in these patients.
Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine Long Dan Xie Gan Tang in insomnia
Authors: Fan Xu , Su Zhuang , Nie Shichao , Yang Jie , Zhang Xiaoyu , Tan Dongyang , Xie Sihang , Xu Yi , Zhao Yanying , Feng Liu , Gu Mingyi , Sun Xiaomeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
Insomnia is a global public problem, which has a significant negative impact on both physical and mental health, while increasing the economic burden placed on both sufferers and society. Western medicine has a fast treatment on sleep, but it leads to side effects and strong dependence. Long Dan Xie Gan Tang(LDXGT) is a representative Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of insomnia especially which has a bad-tempered symptom, and its effectiveness and safety has been validated clinically. However, there is yet to be any evidence-based medicine. Therefore, the effectiveness and safety of LDXGT in the treatment of insomnia are studied and systematically evaluated in this study. It will provide a theoretical support for the treatment of insomnia compared to western medicine.

Objective:
The study is purposed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of LDXGT for the treatment of insomnia.

Methods:
Search was conducted for various databases including Pubmed, Chinese Biomedicine Database(CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), and Wan-fang. Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified for insomnia treatment involving LDXGT and LDXGT combined with ordinary Western medicine. The quality of literature was evaluated by Cochrane assessing tool to reduce the risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software and STATA 12.0 software were applied to perform the meta-analysis.

Results:
Thirteen studies involving 1181 participants were identified in this systematic review. Few studies described the details of random principle. No placebo was involved in treatment. LDXGT was compared with ordinary Western medicine in 11 trials and with LDXGT combined with conventional Western medicine in 2 trials. The results of our meta-analysis showed the relative benefits in effective rates compared with conventional western medicine. (Odds Ratio [OR]= 4.32, I
2 = 0%,95% confidence interval CI [3.05 to 6.13], P < .00001) and recovery rate was (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.67, I
2 = 0%,95% confidence interval CI [2.04 to 3.48], P < .00001). In two trials, adverse events were reported, but no serious adverse effects were reported.

Conclusion:
Our systematic evaluation will provide evidence for the clinical effectiveness and safety of LDXGT in the treatment of insomnia, and the side effects of western medicine are addressed. Further trials are necessary to collect the evidence for the use of LDXGT.
Effects of mind-body exercises for osteoporosis in older adults
Authors: Zhang Yonghui , Wang Zhijie , Lu Min , Wang Qichao , Wang Haijiao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

background:
Osteoporosis is an important cause of bone fractures and even a cause of threaten to the lives of elderly people. Mind-body exercises are beneficial interventions for improving flexibility, controlling body balance, and reducing pain. To assess the effect of mind-body exercise on osteoporosis in aging people, we will perform this systematic review.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which carried out about mind-body exercise for osteoporosis will be included. Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang will be searched from inception to January 2020. The outcomes will include bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), body balance, function of lower extremity, pain, fearing level, and quality of life. Trial reporting quality will be assessed by 2 reviewers independently and Review Manager 5.3 software will be used for meta-analysis. Trial registration is under PROSPERO (CRD42020165385).

Results:
Based on the current evidence, the potential rank of the efficacy and safety of mind-body exercises for BMD, BMC, body balance, function of lower extremity, pain, fearing level and quality of life will be assessed, and a prioritization regimen will be summarized.

Conclusions:
Evidence from this systematic review could be useful for patients, clinical practitioners, and guideline-makers to select an optimum proposal of mild-body exercises for older adults with osteoporosis.
Study on the risk prediction for cerebral infarction after transient ischemic attack
Authors: Zhang Chenhao , Zang Yanjing , Hu Lei , Song Qin , Zhao Weidong , Zhang Chunliang , Liu Hongshun , Gu Fang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often recurrent, and about one-third of patients will progress to cerebral infarction. Rapidly identifying high-risk patients is pivotal to prevent the development of cerebral infarction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the value of ABCD2 score, ABCD2 score combined with magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and intracranial arterial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in predicting cerebral infarction after 2 to 30 days of transient ischemic attack (TIA).
182 patients with TIA from August 2011 to August 2014 were enrolled as study subjects, and their clinical data, test results of DWI and MRA were collected. The incidence of cerebral infarction was observed at 2 days, 7 days and 30 days after TIA in patients with TIA, through scoring according to the 7-point ABCD2 score method proposed by Johnston. The relationship between ABCD2 score, performances of DWI and MRA and the early incidence of cerebral infarction after TIA was analyzed. The accuracy rating of ABCD2 score and ABCD2 + DWI + MRA score used for predicting the early incidence of cerebral infarction after TIA were compared with each other.
The incidence of cerebral infarction after TIA was 19 cases (10.4%) in 2 days, 42 cases (23.1%) in 7 days, 56 cases (30.8%) in 30 days respectively. For the ABCD2 score of incidence of cerebral infarction 2 to 30 days after TIA, that of those with high risk was higher than that with medium risk, and that with the medium risk was higher than that with low risk (P < .05). The area under the curve of ABCD2 + DWI + MRA score and ABCD2 score predicting the incidence of cerebral infarction was: in 2 days: 0.782 and 0.748, in 7 days: 0.839 and 0.801, in 30 days: 0.780 and 0.757, P < .05.
Compared with ABCD2 score, ABCD2 score combined with DWI and MRA can further improve the accuracy of prediction for cerebral infarction after TIA.
Identification of a robust non-coding RNA signature in diagnosing autism spectrum disorder by cross-validation of microarray data from peripheral blood samples
Authors: Cheng Wei , Zhou Shanhu , Zhou Jinxia , Wang Xijia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Novel molecular signatures are needed to improve the early and accurate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and indicate physicians to provide timely intervention. This study aimed to identify a robust blood non-coding RNA (ncRNA) signature in diagnosing ASD. One hundred eighty six blood samples in the microarray dataset were randomly divided into the training set (n = 112) and validation set (n = 72). Then, the microarray probe expression profile was re-annotated into the expression profile of 4143 ncRNAs though probe sequence mapping. In the training set, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized generalized linear model was adopted to identify the 20-ncRNA signature, and a diagnostic score was calculated for each sample according to the ncRNA expression levels and the model coefficients. The score demonstrated an excellent diagnostic ability for ASD in the training set (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.96), validation set (AUC = 0.97) and the overall (AUC = 0.96). Moreover, the blood samples of 23 ASD patients and 23 age- and gender-matched controls were collected as the external validation set, in which the signature also showed a good diagnostic ability for ASD (AUC = 0.96). In subgroup analysis, the signature was also robust when considering the potential confounders of sex, age, and disease subtypes. In comparison with a 55-gene signature deriving from the same dataset, the ncRNA signature showed an obviously better diagnostic ability (AUC: 0.96 vs 0.68, P < .001). In conclusion, this study identified a robust blood ncRNA signature in diagnosing ASD, which might help improve the diagnostic accuracy for ASD in clinical practice.
Second urgent endoscopy within 48-hour benefits cirrhosis patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding
Authors: Lu Zheng , Sun Xiaotian , Zhang Wenhui , Jin Bo , Han Jingjing , Wang Yanling , Han Jun , Ma Xuemei , Liu Bo , Wu Libing , Wu Qin , Yu Xiaoli , Li Hanwei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Urgent endoscopy (UE) is important to the diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis patients with esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). It was reported that a second-look endoscopy may benefit acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) caused by peptic ulcer, while whether it could improve UGIB caused by liver cirrhosis associated EVB remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of second UE for liver cirrhosis with EVB and further examined the potential prognostic factors.
Patients aged ≥18 years who underwent UE for EVB within 2 hours after the admission were included and divided into scheduled second-look group (n = 245) and uncontrolled bleeding group (n = 352) based on the indications for second UE within 48 hours after initial endoscopy. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify the risk factors for prognosis. The value of different scoring system was compared.
Statistical differences were found on history of bleeding and hepatocellular carcinoma, ascites, endoscopic type of bleeding, between scheduled second-look group and uncontrolled bleeding group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that ascites, hemoglobin <60 g/L, AIMS65 score and failure to identify in initial UE were independent risk factors for bleeding uncontrolled after initial UE, and age, bilirubin level, initial unsatisfactory UE hemostasis, failure to identify bleeding on initial UE and tube/urgent TIPS suggested in initial UE were independent risk factors for 42-day mortality.
A second-look UE could bring benefit for liver cirrhosis patients with EVB without increasing the complication rate.
Translation and validation of the cardiac rehabilitation barriers scale in the Czech Republic (CRBS-CZE)
Authors: Winnige Petr , Batalik Ladislav , Filakova Katerina , Hnatiak Jakub , Dosbaba Filip , Grace Sherry L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent and represent leading causes of morbidity worldwide, including in Central Europe. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective method of secondary prevention, but utilization is low. Barriers to CR use in the Czech Republic are not well-characterized, and therefore we propose a protocol to translate and validate the cardiac rehabilitation barriers scale (CRBS).

Methods:
In this multi-method study, we translated and cross-culturally validated the CRBS to Czech (CRBS-CZE) first through the following main steps: professional translation, reconciliation/harmonization, and cross-cultural adaptation, and piloting in 50 cardiac patients. A prospective study will be undertaken to psychometrically-validate the CRBS-CZE, where 300 to 600 cardiac inpatients eligible for phase II/outpatient CR will be recruited. Consenting participants will be informed about the CR program and their sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and the CRBS-CZE administered. Factor analysis will be performed with oblique rotation, factors will be extracted based on eigenvalues, the examination of the scree plot, and factor loadings. The internal reliability of the total scale and subscales will be assessed with Cronbach alpha. Overall CRBS scores will be compared by patient characteristics such as sex, socioeconomic indicators, risk factor burden, and travel time to investigate content validity. Their CR enrollment, adherence (% of 24 prescribed sessions attended), and completion will be tracked. The second administration of CRBS-CZE will be undertaken in patients at 3 weeks after enrollment. To test criterion validity, t tests and Pearson correlation (for adherence) will be used to determine the association of these utilization indicators with CRBS scores.

Results:
The translated version was considered by 2 bilingual CR experts. Some revisions and example additions were made to the items. Upon piloting with patients, some further edits were made. No additional barriers were raised.

Discussion:
Through this study, a reliable and valid means of assessing patient's CR barriers will be established. Results will be used to identify ways to help patients overcome barriers to CR utilization.