bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irradiation caused gas generation from organic matter: evidence from the neutron irradiation experiment
Authors: Wang Huajian , Zhao Wenzhi , Cai Yuwen , Ye Yuntao , Wang Xiaomei , Bi Lina , Zhang Shuichang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The effects of U natural decay on the oil and gas generation are still controversial. We implemented a simulation experiment of neutron irradiation on immature organic matter, confirmed its benefit on oil generation. Here we report the generated gases and their composition and isotope characteristics. H2 was the most abundant gas, with a maximum yield of 1145.3 ml/g TOC, followed by N2, CO2, then CH4 and C2H6. All of the gases were depleted in D or 13C, indicating their organic source. H2 was suggested to be directly from kerogen, through a dehydrogenation and abstraction pathway. However, the specific generation mechanisms of N2, CO2, and CH4 were still unclear. Gas generation from kerogen will increase the gas-to-oil ratio of the hydrocarbon products, and make the oil much easier to discharge. It is of great importance to consider the artificial irradiation or U natural decay caused gas generation in the exploration and development of low-mature and immature shale oil.
Spatiotemporal variations and controlling factors of the surface pCO2in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Ma Yu , Shi Huaming , Li Tuanjie , Li Ruixiang , Cai Yucan , Zhang Yan , Xu Xin , Wang Xiang , Wang Di 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe focal area of this study was the northern South China Sea (NSCS; 18.5°-22.5°N, 1.0°-8.0°E), located on the northwestern shelf of the SCS. The surfacepCO2(pCO2w), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) was measured by continuous measurement system during four field surveys to show their spatiotemporal variations in the NSCS. LowpCO2win the southwestern region of PRE were observed in four seasons, particularly in spring and summer. The Pearl River diluted water (PRDW) discharged a large amount of nutrients into nearshore waters, which promoted phytoplankton propagation and CO2uptake in spring and summer. On the contrary, primary productivity was low in winter and late autumn, runoff input of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) played important role in increasing thepCO2in nearshore waters, so the PRDW controlled the spatiotemporal variations ofpCO2win the coastal and inner shelf. ThepCO2win the outer shelf and slope were relatively high in four seasons, and SST was the critical controlling factor ofpCO2w, sea-air CO2exchange also played role in the seasonal scales ofpCO2w, the impact of weather and climate events on the variations ofpCO2wand sea-air CO2flux in the short term also were remarkable. Generally, the NSCS acted as sink of atmospheric CO2in spring, late autumn and winter, particularly in latter two seasons, in contrast, it was weak CO21source in summer.
3D steerable pyramid decomposition and its application in seismic data processing and interpretation
Authors: Lin Chun , Tang Xiangrong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The application of 3D multi-scale geometric analysis in seismic data processing and interpretation is still in the preliminary stage. The principle of 3D Steerable Pyramid decomposition and reconstruction in frequency domain is analyzed in detail. Spherical low- pass filters and steerable filters are adopted to realize multi-scale and multi-directional decomposition of 3D Steerable Pyramid, and applied to the actual 3D seismic data for random noise attenuation, detection of faults, channels and sand bodies by selecting weighting function in the process of reconstruction. The application of actual 3D seismic data shows that: 1) When the weights are all equal to 1, perfect reconstruction is achieved, the random noise can be removed by threshold method in the decomposition domain of 3D Steerable Pyramid, the denoising results are clean, and the continuity of the event, the characteristics of the reflected wave group and the breakpoint are clearer; 2) Weighting reconstruction can enhance some features. Compared with amplitude and coherent attribute analysis, the data weighting reconstructed by 3D Steerable Pyramid decomposition not only shows faults and channels completely and meticulously, but also presents an even more impressive picture of sand body’s boundary, thus achieving the optimal application effect.
Applicability analysis of palmer drought index in Yunnan- Guizhou Plateau in China
Authors: Li Yan , Guo Haiping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Monitoring and assessment of droughts is of primary importance for meteorologists, ecologists, freshwater managers and government decision makers. As a widely used drought monitoring index, the applicability of PDSI is very important. This study evaluates the applicability of PDSI over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in China by utilizing time series and correlation analysis between ground observations and actual drought and flood records. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) the dry and wet conditions in the study area were divided into two periods. The climate was wet from 1951 to 2003, except for 1961, 1963-1964, 1988-1990, and the wetting level reached medium strength in 1966, 1968, 1983-1984, 1992, 1996, 1998 and 2000. Since 2003 to 2015, there had been a trend of drought, and the degree of drought is large, especially in 2006 and 2010-2014, some years reached severe drought. The spatial distribution characteristics of multi-year PDSI was not obvious in the plateau area. There had been a slight drought in south-central Yunnan province and south-eastern Guizhou province. 2) The water loss caused by surface runoff was serious in plateau area. There was a high positive correlation between PSDI and surface runoff at a 99% probability level, which further indicated that surface runoff was the main factor leading to drought in this region. 3) The assumptions of PDSI model is suggested to be modified in the region like Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: when the upper soil’s water content reaches the lower soil’s water content, surface runoff occurs. It is expected to provide references for the applicability analysis of PDSI in different underlying surface/subsurface conditions.
Research on the application of Magnetic Resonance Sounding in dam leakage detection
Authors: Li Fan , Li Kaitian , Lu Kai , Li Zhenyu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Reservoir dams and embankments are important water conservancy facilities, which play an important role in promoting the economy and protecting people’s safety. 95% of the reservoir dams in China are made of earth or stone. Among them, the leakage of dam body or dam foundation is common. At present, most of the detection methods of dam leakage are indirect, and the physical parameters such as conductivity, density and temperature used by them have no definite relationship with groundwater. Magnetic Resonance Sounding is a promising geophysical method, by which hydrogeological information such as position, water content, porosity and permeability of aquifer can be obtained directly. This method has a high application prospect in dam leakage detection. In this paper, a theoretical model is established based on the typical dam structure, and the nuclear magnetic resonance response of the dam leakage is studied by numerical simulation. This paper also analyses the influence of the reservoir water on the nuclear magnetic resonance signal. The validity and feasibility of the method are verified by the inversion of the field data in Nanchuan embankment.
A new perspective of the forming of calcareous layers above oil sand through the analysis of paleo-environment
Authors: Wu Zhaohui , Liu Xiantai , Du Yushan , Wu Yinghao , Yang Lingzhi , Zhai Linxiu , Wu Jinxi , Lao Haigang , Wu Jinfeng , Wu Yingxin , Guo Jinhui , Liu Xilei , Lu Yanqiu , Chen Mingming , Liang Jinping , Ma Jian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lithology and architecture of alluvial fans can become too complicated, influenced by rapid deposition of sediments near the provenance. The paleo-environment of oil sand can be often better observed through drilling cores and well loggings, rather than outcrops and seismic attributes, for the outcrops are usually covered by modern deposition and not allowed to be exploited while seismic waves often cannot detect layers too shallow above 200m. Reservoirs are mostly buried at extremely shallow depths from 0 to 500m. Oil is mostly found within a mixture of oil sand and carbonates. The calcareous layer, which is steady and widespread with a thickness of 0.5∼2m, is found above the oil sand layer in all wells. The limestone above oil sand layer shows a significant change of facies and paleo-environment. Only sandstone with abundant oil can easily form the carbonates above oil sand, which means the calcareous content is a result of temp and pressure change at the edge of oil layers. As a vivid description, the calcareous content is similar to the environment of calculus, which also underwent a change of pressure&temp with a concentration of CO2. These phenomena can also be observed in micro-level or use chemical reactions to explain why both calculus and calcareous can form after they underwent temp and pressure change accompanied with oil.
Application of conventional logging interpretation fracture method based on neural network in offshore Oilfield L
Authors: Yang Lina , Shi Changlin , Wei Li , Zhang Jian , Wang Xinran , Xu Shengli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The well data is required as a constraint for fracture prediction in the area. At present, imaging logging is considered to be the most accurate and effective means to interpret fractures, which can show the geological characteristics of the two-dimensional space of the borehole wall intuitively, vividly and clearly, but the experimental data is scarce due to the high cost of measurement. Conventional logging data are the main logging data in domestic oil and gas fields, so it is very important to use conventional logging data to effectively interpret fractures in the absence of drilling coring and imaging logging data. Based on the neural network algorithm, taking offshore Oilfield L in China as the application target, this paper optimizes the combination of conventional logging curves by establishing the nonlinear mapping relationship between the fracture strength curve and the conventional logging curve of sample wells with imaging logging data. By establishing the neural network model with nonlinear high learning ability for the optimized conventional logging curve and fracture strength curve, the fracture identification is carried out for the target interval of non sample wells. The results show that this method can combine geology, geophysics, mathematics, computer and so on, and can effectively identify fractures in the study area. It has good adaptability to offshore fractured reservoir.
Preliminary studies on deep-penetrating geochemical methods in exploration for concealed volcanic-type uranium deposit
Authors: Ke Dan , Zhang Wanming , Li Lina , Wu Guodong , Liu Hongjun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Volcanic-type uranium deposit is one of the most important type of uranium resources in China. It has been proved by the scientific deep drilling work accomplished in 2015 that uranium mineralization can be detected at the depth of more than one thousand meters, where there are no significant radiometric or other exploration geochemical anomalies that can be acquired on ground surface. With the progress of exploration for uranium resources in China, deposits which are exposed on surface or shallow-buried are all almost discovered already. It has become a challenging task to explore the deep-buried deposits for uranium geologists. Application experiments are carried out in Xiangshan uranium deposit field using two kinds of deep-penetrating geochemical methods, including the Selective Leaching of Mobile Metals(MOMEO) and Electro-geochemistry techniques(CHIM).The U ore bodies are manifested as a clear CHIM anomaly of U. The adsorbed and exchangeable forms of U obtained with the MOMEO technique is demonstrated as lower single peak anomalies compared with the CHIM technique. The ‘total’ U element content shows no clear anomaly over the uranium mineralization, while there is only a single point high value with an intensity up to 12.5 ppm of U. The polonium-210 shows no significant anomalies over the uranium mineralization.According to the results obtained in this paper, two kinds of deep-penetrating geochemical signatures demonstrate more effective role in detecting the concealed uranium mineralization than traditional methods. The deep-penetrating geochemical methods are bound to play an important role in exploring for deep-buried and concealed uranium deposits in China.
Porous Graphene for Sea Water Desalination Considering the Effects of Fluorine/nitrogen Modification: A Molecular Dynamic Study
Authors: Fa Zhang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sea water desalination becomes more and more important as the consumption of fresh water. Forward osmosis (FO) is a novel technology for sea water or brackish water desalination, where a most important device, semi-permeable membrane, are required low resistance, high selection and inexpensive. In this study, based on molecular dynamic simulations, we explored the performance of porous graphene as the semi-permeable membrane for sea water desalination. Fluorine (F) and nitrogen (N) are adopted to optimize the property of graphene pore. We found that although pure pore have highest water flux (indicating lower resistance), N modified pore has the best selection due to the high electronegativity of N atoms. The about 60 L/cm2/h water flux and 100% solute rejection ratio confirm the graphene with N modified pores is good candidate as a semi-permeable membrane for sea water desalination.
Research on Variable Sweepback Angle of Winglet Driven by Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Chao , Liu Bingfei , Zhang Boli , Wang Liwen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Because of its shape memory effect, shape memory alloy (SMA), as a driver, provides more possibilities for the design and optimization of winglets of variable sweepback angle. In view of three different flight states of a large civil aircraft, i.e. take-off, cruise and landing, the effects of different winglets of variable sweepback angle on the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and then the optimal sweepback angles are 35°, 45° and 50° respectively. Based on the change of the sweepback angle of winglets in different flight states, a variable sweepback winglet structure based on SMA wire is designed. Combined with SMA constitutive relation, SMA driving mechanism is designed by the coupling method of force, heat and strain. The mechanism can automatically adjust the swept angle of winglets according to different flight conditions, so as to improve the lift drag ratio of wings.
The Simulation of Aircraft Ditching Based on ALE Method
Authors: Feng Sun , Wang Mingzhen , Wu Bin , Chao He 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ditching is an emergency measure for landing on the water when the aircraft cannot continue to fly in an accident. In order to verify the performance of the aircraft ditching, this paper carry out a simulation study on ditching of fixed-wing aircraft on the water. First determine the simulation method, material model and constitutive equation, and then analyze the influence of the sinking speed and attitude changes on the ditching of the aircraft. The simulation method adopts arbitrary Lagrange-Euler method (ALE). The results show that as the sinking speed increases, the load will increase accordingly. As the initial attitude angle increases, the vertical acceleration gradually decreases, and the longitudinal acceleration is basically the same, the pressure acting area gradually moves backward, and the pressure area gradually decreases. It is necessary to take appropriate local strengthening measures on the dangerous region.
Study of Tail Rudder Deflection Angles for Stabilizing the Twin Turboprop Small Passenger Aircraft in Critical Flight due to One Engine Failed Condition
Authors: Agatha Y. V. , Nirbito W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An aircraft must have durability, whether for normal flight condition and for a critical flight condition. One of the critical flight conditions of a twin-engines aircraft is the failure of one engine while the aircraft is cruising. The aircraft with only one live engine on will still have enough power to generate thrust. However, the aircraft will experience a moment couple due to the thrust on the remaining engine that makes the aircraft to yaw. This yaw effect must be compensated by the flight control in order to maintain a stable flight condition. The rudder as one of the flight control systems manages the aircraft yaw motion. So, therefore the rudder deflection angle must be set properly as a treatment to overcome the moment force of the live engine. Study to determine best approximated optimum rudder deflection angle setting were conducted to get the figures of how the counter side forces generated on the rudder can maintain a stable flight. The result of the study can be applied as important guidance for a pilot to control the aircraft in a critical flight condition due to one engine fails. Considerations on the strength and integrity of the rudder structure especially at the hinge pivot points between the dynamic and the static parts are taken account as well.
Research on Modeling Design of Ear Thermometer Based on User Image
Authors: Lei Hu , Xin Zou 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose is to enable users to obtain a better perception experience and enhance the user’s perceptual needs recognition of the appearance of the ear thermometer. The method is guided by the kansei engineering theory, through quantitative analysis of perceptual needs evaluation and eye tracking test. Obtain the mapping relationship between the vocabulary representing the sexy image and the modeling features of the ear thermometer, and conduct the example design of the product form of the ear thermometer based on user needs. Conclusion The design practice verifies that the ear thermometer design method based on user image preference has high feasibility. Provide product development directions for related companies and designers.
RecyGlass, A Low-cost System for Recycling Glass Bottles in a Distinctive Way
Authors: Montoya Andrée , Bravo Leonardo , Velasquez Mario , Oscanoa Hector , Portella Jhon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Traditional glass recycling processes exhibit difficulties when it comes to segregating carefully the glass material by type and color. Having this in mind, new recycling alternatives that avoid this stage in the entire process have arisen. Nevertheless, they are still dangerous for operators or novel users. To surpass both problems, this paper presents in detail the mechanical, electronic and control design and implementation of RecyGlass, a low-cost autonomous glass recycling machine with 6 different sub-systems: clamping, rotational, translational, cutting, polishing, and serigraphy. Real and 3D model images are used to present in a better way the design and result of the RecyGlass project in its different design levels. Finally, this work also analyses, in the conclusion section, the energy consumption of our alternative compared to traditional glass recycling processes.
Innovative Design of Household Body Composition Analyzer Based on INPD and QFD
Authors: Huan Jia-Mei , Yang Chen , Fei Luo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to solve the problems that the household body composition analyzer has not yet established a good experience relationship with users and the diversity of user needs, a new design method is proposed to get a more complete solution. Taking INPD as a research framework, re-examining the changes of SET factors can create new product opportunities and find product opportunity gaps; Through market surveys and user surveys, in-depth digging into the needs, preferences and expectations of target user groups, understanding product opportunity; Combining QFD models quantitatively analyze user needs and refine design requirements, establish a mapping relationship between user needs and design requirements, and quantify key design requirements. Through the combination of INPD and QFD, a design scheme driven by customer needs is given, which solves user needs to a certain extent, and its feasibility provides a reference for the innovative design of such products.
Effect of annealing temperature and time on the microstructure, mechanical properties and conductivity of cold-rolled explosive Cu/Al composite sheets
Authors: Li Huizhong , Yang Yong , Liang Xiaopeng , Zhang Wending , Cao Liangming , Wu Chunping , Zeng Zhiheng , Wang Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The 1.5 mm thick Cu/Al composite sheet was obtained after explosive-welding and 6 passes cold rolling. The effects of annealing temperature and time on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and conductivity of cold-rolled Cu/Al composite sheets were investigated. The results show that the thickness of the interface diffusion layer with compounds of Al2Cu, AlCu, and Al4Cu9 increases with the increase in annealing temperature and holding time, and the total activation energy is 108 kJ mol−1. The tensile strength of composite sheets decreases and the fracture elongation increases with the increase of annealing temperature. Especially when the annealing temperature increased from 300 ℃ to 350 ℃, the tensile yield strength decreased from 225 MPa to 77 MPa, and the elongation increased from 16% to 37.5%. The tensile-shear strength of composite sheets reaches to 117 MPa after annealing at 400 ℃ for 2 h. The conductivity of composite sheet is greatly affected by the annealing time. At the annealing temperature of 350 ℃ and time of 4 h, the composite sheets show a better conductivity of 96.4% IACS.
Effect of CNT on microstructural properties of Zn2SiO4/CNT composite via dry powder processing
Authors: Chan Kar Fei , Mohd Zaid Mohd Hafiz , Liza Shahira , Matori Khamirul Amin , Mamat Md Shuhazlly , Hazan Mohammad Adib , Yaakob Yazid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work focused on the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNT) to the microstructural properties of Zn2SiO4/CNT (ZSO/CNT) composite. CNT was synthesized via alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition (ACCVD) using cobalt oxide as catalyst and ethanol as carbon source. Zinc silicate (ZSO) glass was prepared from quenching the melted commercial waste glass bottle with zinc oxide powder. ZSO/CNT-x composites with various CNT concentration (0, 1, 2 and 3 wt%) was prepared through introducing CNT into ZSO glass via dry processing technique followed by sintering process in Argon gas (Ar) environment and atmospheric (atm) environment, respectively. FESEM, XRD and EDS were employed to determine the surface morphology, phase composition and elemental distribution of sintered sample. Crystallite trigonal willemite (Zn2SiO4) phase was observed from argon sintered sample and the crystallite size of willemite phase in ZSO/CNT-3/Ar showed the most reduced lattice strain of 22.85% compared to ZSO/CNT-0/Ar. In contrast, semi-crystalline phase exhibited in atmospheric sintered sample resulted in high lattice strain. It is concluded that dry powder processing and inert gas thermal treatment can be an effective technique in fabricating strain-reduced ceramics/CNT composite without alternating the domain phase. Least internal strain in crystal lattice have potential on enhancing the luminescence properties of phosphor material and lattice thermal conductivity of thermoelectric material.