bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplicate vas deferens in a 3-year-old boy: a case report and review of paediatric literature
Authors: Seyi-Olajide Justina O. , Ameh Emmanuel A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Congenital abnormalities of the vas deferens are very uncommon. Duplicate vas deferens is a rare abnormality. It is the presence of two separate vasa deferentia within one spermatic cord. It has been encountered during inguinal hernia repair, orchidopexy, varicocoelectomy, vasectomy and radical prostatectomy. Identification of the vas deferens is mandatory during surgeries involving manipulation of the spermatic cord because if duplication exists and is not detected, there is increased chance of iatrogenic injury.

Case presentation
We present a 3-year-old boy with duplicate vas deferens identified during herniotomy for a right hydrocele. A postoperative abdominopelvic ultrasound scan revealed no abnormalities.

Conclusion
The risk of iatrogenic injury to the vas is increased in the presence of a duplication. A deliberate identification of the vas during procedures involving manipulation of the spermatic cord reduces this risk.
ICD-11 complex post-traumatic stress disorder: simplifying diagnosis in trauma populations
Authors: Cloitre Marylène 
Published: February 2020

SummaryICD-11 complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a new disorder that describes the more complex reactions that are typical of individuals exposed to chronic trauma. The addition of this disorder as distinct from PTSD is expected to provide greater precision in the diagnosis of trauma populations and more personalised and effective treatment.
Randomized Phase II Study of First-Line Cladribine With Concurrent or Delayed Rituximab in Patients With Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Chihara Dai , Arons Evgeny , Stetler-Stevenson Maryalice , Yuan Constance M. , Wang Hao-Wei , Zhou Hong , Raffeld Mark , Xi Liqiang , Steinberg Seth M. , Feurtado Julie , James Lacey , Wilson Wyndham , Braylan Raul C. , Calvo Katherine R. , Maric Irina , Dulau-Florea Alina , Kreitman Robert J. 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE Single-agent purine analog, usually cladribine, has been the standard first-line therapy of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) for 30 years. High complete remission (CR) rates often include minimal residual disease (MRD), leading to relapse and repeated treatments. Rituximab can clear MRD, but long-term results are unknown and optimal timing of rituximab undefined. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to first-line cladribine 0.15 mg/kg intravenously days 1-5 with 8 weekly doses of rituximab 375 mg/m2 begun either day 1 (concurrent, CDAR) or ≥ 6 months later (delayed) after detection of MRD in blood. MRD tests included blood and bone marrow (BM) flow cytometry, and BM immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients with purine analog-naïve classic HCL were randomly assigned 1:1 to concurrent versus delayed arms. At 6 months after CDAR versus cladribine monotherapy, CR rates were 100% versus 88% ( P = .11), MRD-free CR rates 97% versus 24% ( P < .0001, primary end point), and blood MRD-free rates 100% versus 50% ( P < .0001), respectively. At 96 months median follow-up, 94% versus 12% remained MRD free. Compared with CDAR, delayed rituximab after cladribine achieved lower rate (67% of 21 evaluable patients; P = .0034) and durability ( P = .0081, hazard radio favoring CDAR, 0.094) of MRD-free CR. Nevertheless, 12 patients in the delayed arm remained MRD free when restaged 6-104 (median, 78) months after last delayed rituximab treatment. Compared with cladribine monotherapy, CDAR led to brief grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (59% v 9%; P < .0001) and platelet transfusions without bleeding (35% v 0%; P = .0002), but higher neutrophil ( P = .017) and platelet ( P = .0015) counts at 4 weeks. CONCLUSION Achieving MRD-free CR of HCL after first-line cladribine is greatly enhanced by concurrent rituximab and less so by delayed rituximab. Longer follow-up will determine if MRD-free survival leads to less need for additional therapy or cure of HCL.
Reporting radiographers and their role in thoracic CT service improvement: managing the pulmonary nodule
Authors: Holland Paul , Spence Hazel , Clubley Alison , Brooks Chantel , Baldwin David , Pointon Kate 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: The use of cross-sectional imaging in clinical medicine has been a major step forward in the management of many conditions but with that comes the increasing demand on resources and the detection of other potentially significant findings. This, in the context of a shortage of skilled radiologists, means that new ways of working are important. In thoracic CT, pulmonary nodules are a significant challenge because they are so common. Poor and inconsistent management can both cause harm to patients and waste resources so it is important that the latest guidelines are followed. The latter mandate the use of semi-automated volumetry that allows more precise management but is time-consuming. Methods: Reporting radiographers were iteratively trained in the use of semi-automated volumetry for pulmonary nodules by experienced thoracic radiologists. Once trained in this specific aspect, radiographers completed reporting of pulmonary nodules, checked by radiologists. Results: Radiographer reporting reduced radiologist time in reporting nodules and measuring their volume. Most of the volumetry was completed prior to the multidisciplinary meeting. This facilitated an increase in the number of patients discussed in 60 min from 15 to 22. Radiographers failed to detect few nodules, although a second read by radiologists is required in any case for other aspects of the reporting. Conclusion: Reporting radiographers, working with radiologists in a supportive setting, can deliver the radiology in a lung nodule pathway, reducing the time commitment from radiologists and the pulmonary nodule multidisciplinary team members, whilst using this as an opportunity to conduct research.
Improving thermo-optic properties of smart windows via coupling to radiative coolers
Authors: Zhang Erjun , Cao Yang , Caloz Christoph , Skorobogatiy Maksim 
Published: February 2020

In this work we first solve the radiative heat transfer problem in one
dimension to perform a comparative analysis of the time-averaged
performance of the partially transparent radiative windows and
radiative coolers. In doing so, we clearly distinguish the design
goals for the partially transparent windows and radiative coolers and
provide optimal choice for the material parameters to realize these
goals. Thus, radiative coolers are normally non-transparent in the
visible, and the main goal is to design a cooler with the temperature
of its dark side as low as possible relative to that of the
atmosphere. For the radiative windows, however, their surfaces are
necessarily partially transparent in the visible. In the cooling mode,
the main question is rather about the maximal visible light
transmission through the window at which the temperature on the window
somber side does not exceed that of the atmosphere. We then
demonstrate that transmission of the visible light through smart
windows can be significantly increased (by as much as a factor of 2)
without additional heating of the windows. This is accomplished via
coupling the windows to the radiative coolers using transparent
cooling liquid that flows inside of the window and radiative cooler
structures. We also demonstrate that efficient heat exchange between
radiative coolers and smart windows can be realized using small
coolant velocities (sub-1 mm/s for

∼

1

m

large windows) or even using a purely
passive gravitationally driven coolant flows between a hot smart
window and a cold radiative cooler mounted on top of the window with
only a minimal temperature differential (sub-1K) between the two. We
believe that our simple models complemented with an in-depth
comparative analysis of the standalone and coupled smart windows and
radiative coolers can be of interest to a broad scientific community
pursuing research in these disciplines.
High diffraction order cladding modes of helical long-period gratings inscribed by CO2 laser
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Jiang Chen , Liu Yunqi 
Published: February 2020

The helical long-period gratings (HLPGs) with resonance at high diffraction order are fabricated in single-mode fiber using a

C
O

2

laser. A series of HLPGs with different pitches are fabricated, and the phase-matching curves of the HLPGs with first and second diffraction orders are presented based on the experimental results. The temperature, surrounding refractive index (SRI), and torsion-sensing characteristics of the HLPGs with different diffraction orders have been investigated experimentally. The maximum torsion sensitivity of resonance at the second diffraction order is about 0.228 nm/(rad/m), which is twice as high as that of the first diffraction order cladding mode. The HLPG offers great potential to perform simultaneous multiparameter measurement due to the resonance dips at different diffraction orders having quite different sensitivities to temperature, SRI, and torsion.
Ultrahigh-Q silicon racetrack resonators
Authors: Zhang Long , Jie Lanlan , Zhang Ming , Wang Yi , Xie Yiwei , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin 
Published: February 2020

An ultrahigh-Q silicon racetrack resonator is proposed and demonstrated with uniform multimode silicon photonic waveguides. It consists of two multimode straight waveguides connected by two multimode waveguide bends (MWBs). In particular, the MWBs are based on modified Euler curves, and a bent directional coupler is used to achieve the selective mode coupling for the fundamental mode and not exciting the higher-order mode in the racetrack. In this way, the fundamental mode is excited and propagates in the multimode racetrack resonator with ultralow loss and low intermode coupling. Meanwhile, it helps achieve a compact 180° bend to make a compact resonator with a maximized free spectral range (FSR). In this paper, for the chosen 1.6 μm wide silicon photonic waveguide, the effective radius

R

eff

of the designed 180° bend is as small as 29 μm. The corresponding FSR is about 0.9 nm when choosing 260 μm long straight waveguides in the racetrack. The present high-Q resonator is realized with a simple standard single-etching process provided by a multiproject wafer foundry. The fabricated device, which has a measured intrinsic Q-factor as high as

2.3
×

10
6

, is the smallest silicon resonator with a

>

10
6

Q-factor.
Os Desafios no Tratamento da Sífilis Gestacional / The Challenges in Treating Management Syphilis
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Marly , Silva Amanda Aldeídes da , Silva Dágila Maria Rolim da , Alencar Antonia Jozana Cavalcante , Mororó Darrielle Gomes Alves , Bezerra Martha Maria Macedo 
Published: February 2020

Sífilis é uma doença sistêmica contagiosa e tem como principal via de transmissão o contato sexual, seguido pela transmissão vertical para o feto durante o período de gestação de uma mãe com sífilis não tratada ou tratada inadequadamente. Também pode ser transmitida por transfusão sanguínea. O elevado índice de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST’s) é um grave problema de saúde pública e motivo de preocupação mundial, pois, de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) um milhão de casos novos de IST’s são notificados todos os dias. O presente estudo objetivou descrever, de forma reflexiva, quais são as implicações relacionadas à saúde acerca da sífilis congênita, relacionando suas causas e consequências. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico reflexivo, com abordagem em pesquisa qualitativa realizado nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2019. Os artigos foram selecionados nas bases de dados LILLACS, MEDLINE e em Manuais do Ministério da Saúde (MS) utilizando os descritores: Sífilis, Infeções sexualmente transmissíveis e tratamento. De acordo com a pesquisa realizada, foi possível compreender a definição sobre a sífilis congênita e como ela pode ser prejudicial à gestante. Os resultados dessa pesquisa mostram que ainda há desafios no tratamento desse agravo de saúde e que um dos principais é a falta de informação, limitando as possibilidades de tratamento e cura que poderiam ser otimizados através da promoção da saúde e prevenção. Tendo em vista os desafios encontrados, é possível perceber que há a necessidade de novas técnicas e ações para redução de casos notificados no Brasil.
Observing pro-environmental behavior based on consumer attitudes and norms
Authors: Waskito Jati , Imronudin I , Chuzaimah C 
Published: February 2020

This study aims to investigate the differences in underlying psychological aspects regarding pro-environmental behavior between two distinct consumer groups: green product and non-green product consumers. Psychological aspects investigated includes cognitive attitude, affective attitude, social norm, and behavioral intention. Using survey, a total of 276 responses from Solo, Jogyakarta, and Semarang are succesfully collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to check the measurement model, while a multiple regression and MANOVA were performed to examine the proposed hypothesis. Compared to non-green product consumers, green product consumers exhibited significantly higher levels of cognitive attitude, affective attitude, social norm, personal norm, and green consumer behavior. Also cognitive, affective attitude, and personal norm predicted green consumer behavior. The limitations of this study include the self-reporting questionnare and the measurmenet of consumers’ recycling intention rather than their actual behavior.
Treatment of Epilepsy Associated with Common Chromosomal Developmental Diseases
Authors: Budisteanu Magdalena , Jurca Claudia , Papuc Sorina Mihaela , Focsa Ina , Riga Dan , Riga Sorin , Jurca Alexandru , Arghir Aurora 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChromosomal diseases are heterogeneous conditions with complex phenotypes, which include also epileptic seizures. Each chromosomal syndrome has a range of specific characteristics regarding the type of seizures, EEG findings and specific response to antiepileptic drugs, significant in the context of the respective genetic etiology. Therefore, it is very important to know these particularities, in order to avoid an exacerbation of seizures or some side effects. In this paper we will present a review of the epileptic seizures and antiepileptic treatment in some of the most common chromosomal syndromes.
Crowdfunding Under Market Feedback, Asymmetric Information And Overconfident Entrepreneur
Authors: Miglo Anton 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article is the first one that considers a model of the choice between the different types of crowdfunding, which contains elements of the asymmetric information approach and behavioral finance (overconfident entrepreneurs). The model provides several implications, most of which have not yet been tested. Our model predicts that equity-based crowdfunding is more profitable than reward-based crowdfunding when an entrepreneur is overconfident. This is because the entrepreneur learns from the sale of shares before making production decisions. The model also predicts that an equilibrium can exist where some firms use equity-based crowdfunding, which contrasts the results of traditional theories (which have rational managers), for example, the pecking-order theory. It also contrasts traditional behavioral finance literature (e. g. Fairchild, R. 2005. “The Effect of Managerial Overconfidence, Asymmetric Information, and Moral Hazard on Capital Structure Decisions.” ICFAI Journal of Behavioral Finance 2 (4).) where equity is not issued in equilibrium.
Structural features of macromolecular components of cork from Quercus suber L.
Authors: Branco Diana G. , Campos Joana R. , Cabrita Luís , Evtuguin Dmitry V. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The structural features of macromolecular components of cork (suberin, lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses) from Quercus suber L. used for the production of stoppers were assessed after their isolation and purification. Suberin is the major component of cork (ca. 44%) and is constituted mainly by hydroxy fatty acids (C14–C26). Cork lignin was found to be highly condensed (16.2%) and revealed a syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) ratio of 26:71:3 with predominant β-O-4′ (0.38%), β-5′, β-β and tetrahydrofuran (THF) type (totally ca. 27%) structures. Cork lignin also has a remarkable amount of ferulic acid structures, which are considered the binding point between lignin and suberin. The cellulose of cork cells (17.2%) is a typical cellulose I polymorph with a degree of crystallinity (DC) of 70.3% and an average crystallite width of 3.5 nm. The major hemicellulose of cork is glucuronoxylan (near 6.0%) possessing a molar Xylp:MeGlcpA ratio of 14:1.
Modifying the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Water-soluble Protein from Mussels by High-pressure Homogenization Treatment
Authors: Zou Henan , Zhao Ning , Shi Xiaojie , Sun Shuang , Yu Cuiping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the changes in physicochemical and functional properties of water-soluble protein from mussels (MWP) induced by high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The results indicated that HPH treatment unfolded or disrupted the initial structure of MWP, exposing free sulfhydryl groups and buried hydrophobic groups. As the homogenization pressure increased, the aggregation of MWP particles gradually decreased. Moreover, protein solubility and dispersion stability increased in aqueous solution. Foaming and emulsifying properties were also improved. HPH treatment has proven to be an effective technique for enhancing the functional properties of shellfish protein, and 120 MPa was the optimum homogenization pressure to modify MWP.
Crystal structure and antimicrobial properties of (1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane-κ4
O,O′,O′′,O′′′)cesium(I) pentaiodide, C16H32CsI5O8
Authors: Bloukh Samir Haj , Edis Zehra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
C16H32CsI5O8, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 16.386(2) Å, b = 11.7050(10) Å, c = 19.005(3) Å, β = 108.008(14)°, V = 3466.6(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0437, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1085, T = 293(2) K.
The effect of unidirectional shear flow-induced orientation on foaming properties of polypropylene
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xin Chunling , Su Yanbin , He Yadong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
When the semi-crystalline polymers undergo shearing during flow, the orientation of the molecular chains are induced. In order to study the effect of polypropylene orientation on foaming, we designed an injection mold with a long flow ratio. The samples were prepared by different process conditions and characterized by polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degree of orientation was calculated by infrared dichroism. It was found that the orientation of the amorphous region has the greatest influence, and the subsurface layer in the cross section along the flow direction had the largest degree of orientation. The samples were foaming in a self-made sealed cavity under the same condition. The foamed samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that the shish-kebab crystal structure was induced in the surface layer and the subsurface layer under strong shear force. The shish-kebab crystal structure restricted the space for bubble nucleation and growth, and a large number of sub-micron and nano-scale cells appeared in the space of nucleation and growth. Along the flow orientation direction, the longitudinal and transverse sections of each foamed sample with the degree of orientation decreases, the density of cells and the average diameter of cells increases gradually, and the expansion of the foams have an advantage in the direction of flow orientation. The degree of orientation corresponding to the amorphous ribbon (1153 cm−1) of all the samples were arranged from small to large, and it was found that the expansion ratio decreased when the degree of orientation increased. The effect of orientation on foaming properties of polypropylene provides a new strategy for designing other polymer foams.
Experimental Study of the Acoustoelastic Effect on Woven Carbon/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Pereira Paulo , Jané Dario Almeida , Ancelotti Antônio Carlos 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The acoustoelastic effect relates the variation of the velocity of a wave propagating in an elastic body with the variation of stress in the same body. Using the acoustoelastic effect, the state of stress of a mechanical component can be evaluated nondestructively by measuring variations of ultrasonic wave velocity. In practical terms, the relation between wave velocity and stress is determined by a constant commonly referred to as acoustoelastic constant. The aim of this work is to experimentally determine the acoustoelastic constant of a woven carbon/epoxy laminate. In tensile tests, predetermined load values were applied to the samples at the same time the time-of-flight (TOF) variation of the ultrasonic wave traveling in the sample was measured. In the experiments, the ultrasonic wave traveled along one of the main fiber directions of the sample and the load was applied in the same direction. The value of the acoustoelastic constant obtained for the laminate was −0.37 ns/MPa with standard deviation of 0.07 ns/MPa. Knowing the acoustoelastic constant of a material, it allows evaluation of the state of stress of the material in question using ultrasonic waves.
Effect of Warm Forging on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel 316LN
Authors: Kumar Viranshu , Gupta Ratnesh Kumar , Das Ghanshyam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The as-received as well as deformed microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior of warm-forged and annealed 316LN austenitic stainless steel have been investigated by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electrochemical corrosion test methods. An attempt has been made to understand the effect of warm forging and annealing on the microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior of 316LN stainless steel. As-received and deformed microstructures of a sample were observed by EBSD, and from micrographs, it was observed that the refinement of grain occurs after deformation. Microstructural refinement occurs after appropriate annealing of the forged sample because of the revision of alpha ferrite and strain-induced martensite into austenite, which is formed after forging. Annealing treatment after warm forging gives better mechanical strength and optimum corrosion resistance because of the formation of homogeneous and equiaxed strain-free austenite grains. After warm forging, around 85 % of grains show a low misorientation angle of 2.5°, which shows that a lot of dislocation generation occurred during warm forging deformation and that these dislocations aligned themselves to form subgrain boundaries also known as recovery during annealing dislocation. The corrosion rate drastically increases after deformation but decreases after the annealing of deformed samples, which indicates that after appropriate annealing the corrosion resistance and repassivation capacity of materials improved because of the formation of stable oxide of chromium. The value of corrosion current density (Ecorr) shifted toward the passive direction in the Tafel plot after annealing of deformed samples, which indicates that a more protective passive film of Cr2O3 formed on the surface of the annealed sample after warm forging. The surfaces of the samples after an immersion test in the FeCl3 solution have been observed by scanning electron microscopy, and from micrographs, it has been observed that the number of pits is reduced after the annealing of a warm-deformed sample as compared with undeformed samples. The pitting potential of the samples was calculated in a simulated pressurized water reactor environment using the Tafel potentiodynamic polarization test.