bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Fellow Recruitment: How Can Fellowship Program Websites Be Optimized?
Authors: Shaath M. Kareem , Avilucea Frank R. , Lim Philip K. , Warner Stephen J. , Achor Timothy S. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of factors considered by orthopaedic trauma fellowship applicants when evaluating programs. We hypothesized that applicants will prioritize consistent factors when applying to programs. In addition, we assessed how the applicants use the Internet to research potential fellowships. Our goal is to provide fellowships with information to optimize both their fellowship and online contents.

Methods:
At the 2018 and 2019 Orthopaedic Trauma Association meetings, a paper survey was given to each attendee of multiple fellowships' informational sessions. The survey consisted of 25 factors that applicants may consider when evaluating fellowships ranked on a 1-to-5 Likert scale. Additional questions were asked to determine how applicants use the Internet and social media when researching fellowships.

Results:
We received 111 surveys (roughly a 56% response rate). Ninety-eight applicants (88%) indicated that they use fellowship websites to research fellowships. The utilization of fellowship websites was markedly greater than the use of other online resources. The highest rated factors surveyed were surgical experience (mean 4.95; SD 0.26), pelvic and acetabular experience (4.80; 0.52), lower extremity fracture experience (4.75; 0.58), and current faculty at the fellowship (4.55; 0.78). The lowest rated factors were the ability to moonlight (2.04; 1.08), salary (1.88; 1.12), and spine trauma experience (1.45; 0.87). Surgical experience and pelvic/acetabular experience were rated markedly higher than every other factor surveyed.

Discussion:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that most orthopaedic trauma fellowship applicants use fellowship websites when researching programs. Programs may use this study to optimize their fellowship experience to reflect what the applicants value. In addition, programs may use this study as a guide when updating their websites. Fellowships with informative websites that meaningfully highlight their fellowship experience may have a competitive edge in attracting applicants to their programs.
Patterns of gene evolution following duplications and speciations in vertebrates
Authors: David Kyle T. , Oaks Jamie R. , Halanych Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundEukaryotic genes typically form independent evolutionary lineages through either speciation or gene duplication events. Generally, gene copies resulting from speciation events (orthologs) are expected to maintain similarity over time with regard to sequence, structure and function. After a duplication event, however, resulting gene copies (paralogs) may experience a broader set of possible fates, including partial (subfunctionalization) or complete loss of function, as well as gain of new function (neofunctionalization). This assumption, known as the Ortholog Conjecture, is prevalent throughout molecular biology and notably plays an important role in many functional annotation methods. Unfortunately, studies that explicitly compare evolutionary processes between speciation and duplication events are rare and conflicting.MethodsTo provide an empirical assessment of ortholog/paralog evolution, we estimated ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (ω = dN/dS) for 251,044 lineages in 6,244 gene trees across 77 vertebrate taxa.ResultsOverall, we found ω to be more similar between lineages descended from speciation events (p< 0.001) than lineages descended from duplication events, providing strong support for the Ortholog Conjecture. The asymmetry in ω following duplication events appears to be largely driven by an increase along one of the paralogous lineages, while the other remains similar to the parent. This trend is commonly associated with neofunctionalization, suggesting that gene duplication is a significant mechanism for generating novel gene functions.
Lipid Profile of a Population of Jacqueville, Consumer of Palm Oil in Southern Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Bataï Nemahiouon Francis , Bitty Marie Louise Ahui , Fossou Assamala Françoise , Djetouan Kacou Jules Marius , Zahe Kollet Yao Aimé Sylvere , Amoikon Kouakou Ernest 
Published: March 2020

Aims: The main aim of this study is to describe the profile of lipids serum in an active and apparently healthy population consuming palm oil in the department of Jacqueville in the south of Côte d'Ivoire
Methodology: We focused on 83 apparently healthy volunteers, which ages ranged between 18 to 50 years old. Within that population, 43 of them were palm oil consumers (67 g / day) while 40 others were considered as population control (30 g / day). We determined the BMI as well as blood pressure. Furthermore, we used conventional enzyme methods to measure the total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.
Results: Our results shown that, the mean BMI of palm oil consumers did not vary significantly compared to the control population. However, the two groups of subjects were overweight and both group were in hypotension and the other hand the mean values of the lipid parameters did not vary significantly between the two study groups. In addition, the mean values of the lipid parameters (CT, C-LDL and TG) were normal in the two groups. With the exception of C-HDL, which value was lower than the reference one at the level of the two groups.
Conclusion: This study did not show any influence of palm oil consumption on the mean BMI, blood pressure and lipid profile of the population.
Correlation of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Spectrophotometric Methods to Assess the Post Harvest Storage and Processing Changes in Total β-carotene Contents in Selected Nigeria Vegetables
Authors: Okpalanma Emeka Felix 
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to correlate analytical methods (HPLC and spectrophotometric) in assessing the changes in total β-carotene contents in leafy vegetables during ambient temperature storage (29+2°C) and domestic processing (5 min,100°C.) The vegetables analyzed were: Telfairia occidentalis, Amaranethus hybridus, Talinum triangulare,Pterocarpus mildbraedli and Gnetum africanum. Total–carotene was determined spectrophometrically, while HPLC was used for detailed analysis of carotenoides. Lutein, β -cryptoxanthin and β-carotene isomers were identified and quantified. Results indicated that the raw vegetables were rich in lutein (124.03-655.95 µg/gdwt) and total β -carotene (45.42 – 246.93 µg/gdwt). Beta–cryptoxanthin was detected in small quantity (5.05-11 µg/gdwt). However, spectrophotometric result indicated a total–carotene content range (186.10 – 953.78 µg/gdwt). Cooking increased significantly (P< 0.05), the lutein (382. 92 – 1158.83 µg/gdwt), total β -carotene (738.53 – 1756.51 µg/gdwt) contents of the samples, however, it decreased the % trans–β-carotene contents. Storage conditions in the study increased significantly (P< 0.05) the contents of total β -carotene and total–carotene except in the case of Gnetum africanum leaf. A regression model for the two methods of analysis of β -carotene with a coefficient of correlation r = 0.925 and coefficient of determination r2 = 0.856, which allows for the calculation of total β - carotene from total-carotene content was obtained.
A Socially Attuned Future: Memory, Geography and Urban Project: The Case of Metropolitan Barcelona
Authors: Sagarra Ferran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe form that any city takes is the result of its topography, its social ritual, its planning guidelines and many other factors. Each city constitutes a complex artificial ecology manifested by numerous stakeholders – human, economic and infrastructural. Ferran Sagarra, Professor in the Department of Urbanism at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, takes Barcelona's morphing urban dynamics over time as an example.
Perturbanism in Future Cities: Enhancing Sustainability in the Galapagos Islands through Complex Adaptive Systems
Authors: Karakiewicz Justyna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCan strategies be developed for urban design that do not make assumptions of form making? Architect and professor at the University of Melbourne Justyna Karakiewicz is an advocate of complex adaptive systems (CAS) as a means to do so. As she explains, CAS demands analysis and design of continual perturbations in city dynamics caused over time by internal and external deviational forces.
Diving Deep into Unknown Unknowns: People, Cities, Technology Architecture and Architects
Authors: Parham Ed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArchitects develop spatial solutions to complex problems. The way solutions change in future will depend on how data and technology are used by decision‐makers. To deliver benefit, architects need to work with these new tools and speak these new languages. Ed Parham, head of the Studio and DataWorks activity streams at Space Syntax in London, describes some of these approaches, techniques and tactics.
Synaesthetic Architecture: A Building Dreams
Authors: Anadol Refik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRefik Anadol is a media artist and director with a pioneering interest in machine intelligence and the varied interfaces that can be created between humans, architectural spaces and surfaces, augmented by Matthias Hank Haeusler
Media Facades: History,Technology, Content
digital technologies. Here he describes some of the techniques, aspirations and applications of his work – particularly in relation to a recent commission at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles.
Architects Without Architecture: How Transdisciplinary Studios Reposition for 21st‐Century Challenges
Authors: Hill Dan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHave architects, by defining what they do and what they don't do, inhibited their ability to fully engage in creating new urban conditions that are computationally driven, ecologically sound and socially equitable? Dan Hill, Director of Strategic Design at the Swedish government's innovation agency Vinnova, illustrates some transdisciplinary initiatives that break the mould.
From ‘T’ to ‘π’ (pi)‐shaped people: Better Urban Practice through Dual Depth in Architecture and Planning Education
Authors: Burry Jane , White Marcus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhat sorts of educational methodologies and pedagogic theories are we to teach young, student architects and other environmental design professionals? How can we prepare students just starting to develop appropriate skills in the third decade of the 21st century? Jane Burry and Marcus White, respectively Dean of the School of Design and Professor of Urban Design at Swinburne University in Melbourne, describe some of the attempts to find ways forward and appropriate organisational structures.
Unraveling Metal Oxide Role in Exfoliating Graphite: New Strategy to Construct High‐Performance Graphene‐Modified SiOx‐Based Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xue Hongjin , Wu Yingqiang , Zou Yeguo , Shen Yabin , Liu Gang , Li Qian , Yin Dongming , Wang Limin , Ming Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExfoliating graphite to graphene has attracted great attention due to the fantastic properties of graphene available for designing graphene‐based materials or devices. Besides the classic solution method, herein a unique role of TiO2 in exfoliating graphite to be graphene layers effectively is reported. As a paradigm, this discovered effect of TiO2 is significant for preparing high‐performance graphene‐modified SiOx‐based anode in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), in which the graphite is in situ exfoliated mechanically by TiO2 to be multilayered graphene (i.e., MLG) and then the SiOx is wrapped by the MLG to construct a SiOx/TiO2@MLG. In this case, an extremely high capacity of 1484 mAh g−1, long lifespan over 1200 cycles at 2 A g−1, as well as good performance in full LIBs (vs nickel‐rich cathode) are demonstrated. It is confirmed that the MLG can enhance electric conductivity, mitigate electrolyte decomposition, and alleviate volume effect of the SiOx effectively. This result is hard to be achieved using other kinds of metal oxide besides TiO2. It is hoped that the SiOx/TiO2@MLG is practical for pursuing LIBs with an energy density beyond 300 Wh kg−1. In addition, it is believed the ingenious strategy is applicable for designing more functional materials with greater capabilities.
Structure Architecting for Salt‐Rejecting Solar Interfacial Desalination to Achieve High‐Performance Evaporation With In Situ Energy Generation
Authors: Zhang Yaoxin , Xiong Ting , Nandakumar Dilip Krishna , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe past few years have witnessed a rapid development of solar‐driven interfacial evaporation, a promising technology for low‐cost water desalination. As of today, solar‐to‐steam conversion efficiencies close to 100% or even beyond the limit are becoming increasingly achievable in virtue of unique photothermal materials and structures. Herein, the cutting‐edge approaches are summarized, and their mechanisms for photothermal structure architecting are uncovered in order to achieve ultrahigh conversion efficiency. Design principles to enhance evaporation performance and currently available salt‐rejection strategies for long‐term desalination are systematically investigated. The guidelines to utilize every component in solar desalination systems for simultaneous in situ energy generation are also revealed. Finally, opportunities and challenges for future works in this field are also discussed and concluded.
Learner Perceptions of Electronic End‐of‐shift Evaluations on An Emergency Medicine Clerkship
Authors: Nable Jose V. , Bhat Rahul , Isserman Jacob , Smereck Janet , Wilson Matthew , Maloy Kevin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesAs students on an emergency medicine (EM) rotation work with different faculty on a daily basis, EM clerkships often incorporate an end‐of‐shift evaluation to capture sufficient student performance data. Electronic shift evaluations have been shown to increase faculty completion compliance. This study aimed to examine learner perceptions of their individualized feedback during an EM clerkship following the adoption of an electronic evaluation tool.MethodsThis retrospective study examined end‐of‐rotation surveys that students complete at the conclusion of their EM rotation. Survey respondents used a standard Likert scale (1–5). This study examined responses to the question: “The feedback I received on this rotation was adequate.” The study period included the 3 academic years prior to and subsequent to the adoption of an electronic evaluation system (replacing paper end‐of‐shift evaluations). The primary outcome was the mean Likert score and the secondary outcome was the percentage of students who rated their feedback a “5” or “strongly agree.”ResultsA total of 491 students responded (83.9% response rate) to the survey during the paper evaluation period, while 427 responded (80.7% response rate) in the electronic period. The mean response improved from 4.02 (paper evaluations) to 4.22 (electronic evaluations; mean difference = 0.20, p < 0.05). The percentage of students who responded with a 5 improved (31% with paper evaluations vs. 41% with electronic evaluations, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe adoption of an electronic end‐of‐shift evaluation system was associated with improved learner perception of their feedback as compared to paper evaluations. Electronic evaluations are a useful tool to gather just‐in‐time data on learner performance.
Use of partial least squares regression to identify factors controlling rice yield in Southern China
Authors: Duan Liangxia , Xie Hongxia , Li Zhenwei , Yuan Hong , Guo Yadong , Xiao Xiang , Zhou Qing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIdentification of the dominant factors controlling rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield is of paramount importance to improve fertilizer use efficiency, effectively promote rice productivity, and help ensure food security. The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of geographic attributes, soil properties, climatic, and fertilizer types on annual rice yield and to identify the dominant control factors in southern China. In total, 2010 soil samples were collected in the selected areas and were analyzed for 34 factors that potentially influenced rice yield. Because these factors exhibit multicollinearity, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to elucidate the linkages between rice yield and the 34 measured variables. The first‐order factors were identified by calculating the variable importance for the projection (VIP). The variables with high VIP values are the most relevant for explaining the dependent variables. Results indicated that the geographic attributes, climatic and fertilizer types exerted substantial influence on rice yield and explained 57 to 85% of the variation in rice yield. According to the VIP values, the following are the dominant first‐order factors controlling rice yield: longitude, latitude, organic potassium fertilizer, accumulated temperature ≥ 10°C, chemical potassium fertilizer, organic nitrogen fertilizer, straw incorporation, chemical nitrogen fertilizer, accumulated temperature ≥ 0°C, and organic phosphate fertilizer. These results indicate that the PLSR approach is beneficial as it partially eliminates the correlation of the variables and reduces bias regarding the contribution of the factors to rice yield. This approach could be applied to other climatic zones or cropping systems.
Optimization of a modular continuous flow bioreactor system for acid mine drainage treatment using Plackett–Burman design
Authors: Gu Qiyuan , Cui Xinglan , Shang He 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel modular continuous flow bioreactor system was designed to enhance the tolerance of bacteria to high concentration of heavy metal. This study evaluated the combined effect of high and low concentration levels of zinc, ferrous iron, copper, sulfate, and carbon source on the heavy metals and sulfate removal efficiencies. Statistically valid Plackett–Burman design (PBD) of experiments was employed to carry out this study. A maximum removal for each of zinc, copper, iron, and sulfate was 99.08%, 99.13%, 94.83%, and 58.89%, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of zinc, copper, and sulfate reduction revealed that the effect due to zinc was highly significant (p < 0.05). To establish the roles of iron‐oxidizing bacteria (IOB) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in their respective bioreactors, the characteristics of microbial communities in attached and suspended growth biomass in the bioreactors were analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing during the steady operational process. Qualitative energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the precipitates from sulfide precipitation was performed. The results revealed that the precipitates as sulfide zinc were confirmed by the EDS spectrum with strong peaks of zinc and sulfur.
The adsorption mechanism of poly‐methyl methacrylate microparticles onto paper cellulose fiber surfaces without crosslinking agents
Authors: Xiao Zuobing , Jia Jinhui , Niu Yunwei , Zhu Guangyong , Kou Xingran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, poly‐ (methyl methacrylate) microparticles were effectively adsorbed onto the paper cellulose fiber surfaces during impregnation without crosslinking agents. The adsorption behavior and mechanism of microparticles onto paper cellulose fibers were further examined by physical and chemical property characterization in combination with adsorption kinetic model. We reported that the kinetic adsorption process included three phases: rapid adsorption, saturated adsorption, and equilibrium adsorption. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds which increased gradually with the increase of the mass concentration of PMMA microparticles occurred between the carboxyl group of PMMA microparticles and the hydroxyl group of paper cellulose fibers. Due to the increase of the interaction, the crystallinity‐index of the paper cellulose decreased. Furthermore, the hydrophobic interaction also occurred between PMMA microparticles and the paper fibers, leading to preferential adsorption of the microparticles on the surfaces of the hydrophobic (2 0 0) crystal cellulose.
Metabolomic effects of androgen deprivation therapy treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Chi Jen‐Tsan , Lin Pao‐Hwa , Tolstikov Vladimir , Oyekunle Taofik , Chen Emily Y. , Bussberg Valerie , Greenwood Bennett , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Narain Niven R. , Kiebish Michael A. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main treatment strategy for men with metastatic prostate cancer (PC). However, ADT is associated with various metabolic disturbances, including impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and weight gain, increasing risk of diabetes and cardiovascular death. Much remains unknown about the metabolic pathways and disturbances altered by ADT and the mechanisms. We assessed the metabolomic effects of ADT in the serum of 20 men receiving ADT. Sera collected before (baseline), 3 and 6 months after initiation of ADT was used for the metabolomics and lipidomics analyses. The ADT‐associated metabolic changes were identified by univariable and multivariable statistical analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. We found multiple key changes. First, ADT treatments reduced the steroid synthesis as reflected by the lower androgen sulfate and other steroid hormones. Greater androgen reduction was correlated with higher serum glucose levels, supporting the diabetogenic role of ADT. Second, ADT consistently decreased the 3‐hydroxybutyric acid and ketogenesis. Third, many acyl‐carnitines were reduced, indicating the effects on the fatty acid metabolism. Fourth, ADT was associated with a corresponding reduction in 3‐formyl indole (a.k.a. indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde), a microbiota‐derived metabolite from the dietary tryptophan. Indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde is an agonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and regulates the mucosal reactivity and inflammation. Together, these ADT‐associated metabolomic analyses identified reduction in steroid synthesis and ketogenesis as prominent features, suggesting therapeutic potential of restricted ketogenic diets, though this requires formal testing. ADT may also impact the microbial production of indoles related to the immune pathways. Future research is needed to determine the functional impact and underlying mechanisms to prevent ADT‐linked comorbidities and diabetes risk.
Quantitative Evaluation of a Mexican and a Ghanaian Tabernaemontana Species as Alternatives to Voacanga africana for the Production of Antiaddictive Ibogan Type Alkaloids
Authors: Krengel Felix , Dickinson Jonathan , Jenks Christopher , Reyes‐Chilpa Ricardo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn continuation of our efforts to provide quantitative information on antiaddictive ibogan type alkaloid‐producing Tabernaemontana species, we used gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to compare the alkaloid profiles of the barks and/or leaves of one Mexican and one African species – T. arborea and T. crassa, respectively, with the primary sources of commercially available semisynthetic ibogaine, Voacanga africana root and stem bark. The qualitative and quantitative similarities between T. arborea and V. africana barks consolidate previous reports regarding the potential of the former as a promising alternative source of voacangine and ibogaine. The results also suggest that T. crassa could be used to produce conopharyngine and ibogaline, two compounds with the same basic skeletal structure and possibly similar antiaddictive properties as ibogaine.