bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes care in individuals with severe mental Illnesses in Israel
Authors: Sagy Y Wolff , Krieger M , Horwitz E , Paltiel O , Ravel-Vilk S , Ben-Yehuda A , Manor O , Calderon-Margalit R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease and risk factors are more common in people with severe mental illness (SMI; schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, and bi-polar disorders). For instance, diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence was reported to be 2-3 times higher, with higher incidence and severity of complications. In 2015, following a reform in mental health services in Israel, services were transferred to the responsibility of the health plans, allowing a comprehensive healthcare. We aimed to compare quality of care indicators and intermediate DM outcomes in individuals with SMI compared to the general population.

Methods
The Israel national program for quality indicators in community healthcare obtains data from electronic medical records from the four health plans, covering the entire civilian population. In 2017, n = 74,226 individuals aged ≥18 years had a registered diagnosis of SMI (prevalence 1.37%). DM prevalence, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing yearly, and DM control in individuals with SMI were compared with the general population.

Results
DM prevalence in adults with SMI in 2017 was 14.3%, compared with 9.7% among all Israeli adults (RR of 1.5). rates of HbA1c testing and control (HbA1c&lt;7-8%, depending on age and duration of disease) were similar among DM patients with SMI and the general population (testing: 90.1% and 90.9%; Control: 70.8% and 69.7%, SMI and general population, respectively); Similarly, uncontrolled DM (HbA1c&gt;9%) was observed in 10.8% of individuals with SMI and in 10.0% of the general population.

Conclusions
Along with the expected excess of DM prevalence in individuals with SMI, quality of care DM indicators rates were alike among those with SMI as in the general population, suggesting non-inferior quality of care. This is consistent with results reported by the British national diabetes audit for England and Wales. However, our results are limited by a possible under-registration or diagnosis of SMI in the Israeli population.

Key messages
Higher diabetes mellitus prevalence is observed in individuals with severe mental illness. Hemoglobin A1c testing and diabetes mellitus control rates are alike in individuals with severe mental illness compared with the general population, suggesting non-inferior quality of care.
Social capital and mental health status among the residents of a neighborhood in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Kayi I , Ozgulnar N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

There has been an increasing policy making and research for social determinants of health and inequalities in health. In such a framework social capital functions as an intermediate factor at the and it is increasingly investigated in health research. Social capital is defined as a resource that individuals may access through membership in a structure of network with certain values and through sharing these resources reciprocally. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between social capital and mental health status among residents of a small neighborhood on Istanbul.
This is a cross-sectional study that has been carried out in Istanbul with individuals of age 18-65 years old. The study sample included 629 individuals selected by a stratified and systematic sampling process. Data was collected via a self-reported questionnaire including items for sociodemographic information, social capital and General Health Questionnaire. We applied Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis Tests subsequent to the normality tests of the distribution, and Chi Square Test for the categorical data. Linear and logistic regression models were used for multivariable analysis.
Men constitute 51.7% of the people. Mean age was 40.1 (sd: 12.7). There was a significant association between social capital and being a woman and deprived neighborhood. In addition higher level of mental distress was significantly associated with lower level of neighborhood trust, social support and the higher level of perception that neighbors would take advantage of the participants when they got the chance. However national level trust and sense of people taking advantage of their neighbors were not significantly associated with mental health status.
Social capital measured via trust and social support at the neighborhood level has been a determinant of mental health status. Efforts for decreasing socioeconomic inequalities should also include efforts to promote social capital.

Key messages
Social capital measured via trust and social support at the neighborhood level has been a determinant of mental health status. Efforts for decreasing socioeconomic inequalities should also include efforts to promote social capital.
Changing criteria of access to gamete donation: the views of donors and recipients
Authors: Baía I , de Freitas C , Silva S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Differences on the use of sexual orientation and marital status as criteria to define access to gamete donation persist in Europe, contributing to the search of cross border reproductive care (CBRC). The lack of international policy and norms on CBRC highlight the need for surveillance to ensure quality and equitable access to reproductive care, namely by assessing donors’ and recipients’ views. This study aims to analyze the opinion of donors and recipients about the use of marital status and sexual orientation as priority criteria for accessing gamete donation, and its associated factors.

Methods
Between July 2017 and June 2018, 72 donors and 171 recipients completed a self-report questionnaire at the Portuguese Public Bank of Gametes. Opinion about the use of marital status and sexual orientation as priority criteria was assessed through a 5-point Likert scale of agreement, ranging from “totally disagree” to “totally agree”. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used.

Results
Most participants disagreed with a priority of access to gamete donation for heterosexual couples (61%) and married women (60%). Participants who agreed with priority to heterosexual couples were more likely to be males (OR = 2.5, CI95% 1.2-5.3) and married or living with a partner (OR = 3.5, CI95% 1.1-10.8). Males (OR = 3.18, CI95% 1.5-6.9) and those with lower white collar (OR = 3.0, CI95% 1.2-7.4) or blue collar occupations (OR = 4.3, CI95% 1.4-13.1) were more likely to agree with priority for married women.

Conclusions
Donors and recipients agree with equitable access to gamete donation, independently of sexual orientation and marital status. However, a heterosexual marriage hierarchy is particularly observed on male, married/living with a partner, and with lower white or blue collar occupations participants. Policy on reproductive care needs to be especially mindful of equity in access to gamete donation.

Key messages
Donors and recipients agree with access to gamete donation independent of sexual orientation and marital status. Policy on reproductive care needs to be mindful of equity in access to gamete donation.
Health promotion with older informal caregivers: a demand-oriented organization of support
Authors: Hassel H , Foitzik E , Langner S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Older informal caregivers are considered to be a growing, vulnerable group with multiple burdens. Existing support programs are rarely used which indicates a lack in meeting the specific demands of the target group. This study was to examine the need for support and the preferred design of support programs for informal caregivers aged 65 years and older.

Methods
A mixed-methods approach was used to identify types of current support programs and demands regarding health promotion and self-management of older informal caregivers. Therefore, two systematic literature researches and a qualitative survey of German program providers were performed. Furthermore, 16 focus group discussions (FGD) with older informal caregivers as well as three FGD with disseminators in three German cities were accomplished.

Results
Most support programs found focus on caregiving instead of health promotion. Most FGD participants preferred: social interaction with health promotion activities, programs thematically focusing on relaxation and physical activity as well as consultation meetings. One of the crucial factors of the utilization of support programs is the guaranteed care of the person who requires it simultaneous to an intervention. In general, it was found that informal caregivers prioritize the health of the person in need of care over their own which indicates low self-awareness.

Conclusions
Support programs combining social interaction with guided health promotion activities seem to be more attractive to informal caregivers than common programs. Those units should especially focus on the low self-awareness the target group shows. Local network structures need to be strengthened to facilitate the development and utilization of support programs.

Key messages
Networks of disseminators could facilitate support programs for informal caregivers. These programs should contain social interaction, health promotion activities and ensured care of the person who needs it.
Use of medical care in the 7 years before dementia in the French health insurance database in 2016
Authors: Rachas A , Gallini A , Gombault E , Carcaillon-Bentata L , Gardette V , Gastaldi-Ménager C h 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The entry into dementia is a period of growing interest for clinical trials and public health policies. We described the frequency of medical care use in the 7 years prior to the first dementia identification (index date).

Methods
All French health insurance general scheme beneficiaries aged 65 or more with an incident dementia in 2016 (identified through long-term disease registry, hospitalization diagnoses, or specific drug delivery), were matched with beneficiaries without dementia of same age, gender, area of residence. The annual cumulative incidences (ACI) of visits (GP and specialists, including outpatient hospital visits) and hospitalizations were estimated over 7 years (Y-7 to Y-1 before index date), by age (65-74, 75-84, 85-89, 90+).

Results
Among 274166 subjects (median age 84, 65% women), the ACI of GP visit was stable and similar between cases and controls, around 95%. The ACI of neurologist, psychiatrist and internist visit and of hospitalization in a psychiatric unit increased in cases, especially in Y-1. They were higher than in controls in the youngest age classes. The ACI of visits to a dermatologist, a rheumatologist, an ophthalmologist, a dentist and for women a gynecologist, were lower in cases than in controls, with an increasing difference in the last years before dementia care. Similar patterns were observed in the oldest exclusively (generally ≥85 yo) for pneumologist, cardiologist, nephrologist, and in a lesser extent, endocrinologist visit. The ACI of hospitalizations increased with time in both groups, with a peak in Y-1 in cases. They were higher in cases than in controls in the youngest age classes.

Conclusions
The increase in hospitalization rate in Y-1 suggests a decline in clinical status leading to the diagnosis or a weakening at the time of entry into dementia. The lesser use of a specialist other than neurologist or psychiatrist suggests a focus of care around dementia, possibly to the detriment of the care of comorbidities.

Key messages
As most patients visit their GP at least yearly, specific GPs training could help to make a timely diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorders. The lesser use of a specialist other than neurologist or psychiatrist suggests a focus of care around dementia, possibly to the detriment of the care of comorbidities.
Predictors of in-hospital mortality post hip fracture in Ireland 2013-2017
Authors: Ferris H , Brent L , Martin J , Crowley P , Coughlan T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Hip fractures are associated with considerable mortality, morbidity and healthcare expenditure. There are approximately 3,500 hip fractures in Ireland per annum with this figure set to increase considerably over the coming years due to the ageing population. Internationally, mortality following hip fracture is approximately 10% at 1 month and 30% at 1 year, with less than half of survivors regaining their preoperative level of function. The authors aimed to identify the determinants of in-hospital mortality post hip fracture in the Republic of Ireland 2013-2017, with specific reference to the Irish Hip Fracture Standards.

Methods
A secondary analysis of 15,603 patients in the Irish hip fracture database was conducted.

Results
31% (n = 4,769) were male and 69% (n = 10,807) were female. Mean age for males was 75 years (SD 13.5) and 79 years for females (SD 10.5). The largest proportion of hip fractures occurred in the 80-89 age category, with 72.3% (n = 4,600) of these being female. Median in-hospital mortality was 4.7% (n = 711) (Range 2.7-6.2). Univariate logistic regression revealed 11 statistically significant predictors of in-hospital mortality; however, only 4 remained statistically significant on multivariate analysis [mobilised day of/after surgery (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.25-1.70, p &lt; 0.000), pre-fracture mobility (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.89, p &lt; 0.000), gender (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.76, p &lt; 0.000) and age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06, p &lt; 0.000)].

Conclusions
Older males with poor pre-fracture mobility who were not mobilised the day of/after surgery had the highest risk of in-hospital mortality. The ability to be mobilised on the day of/after surgery is a good composite measure of both patient and organisational factors in hip fracture care. This research supports the inclusion of mobilisation on the day of/after surgery as a new formal best practice standard.

Key messages
Patients not mobilised on the day of/after surgery are 46% more likely to die in hospital. In-hospital mortality of 4.7% in Ireland is comparable internationally. None of the IHFSs significantly influenced in-hospital mortality after multivariate analysis, but may well affect other outcomes such as ability to return home.
Taxonomic and functional insights into rock varnish microbiome using shotgun metagenomics
Authors: Esposito Alfonso , Borruso Luigimaria , Rattray Jayne E , Brusetti Lorenzo , Ahmed Engy 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTRock varnish is a microbial habitat, characterised by thin (5–500 μm) and shiny coatings of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxides associated with clay minerals. This structure is well studied by geologists, and recently there have been reports about the taxonomical composition of its microbiome. In this study, we investigated the rock varnish microbiome using shotgun metagenomics together with analyses of elemental composition, lipid and small molecule biomarkers, and rock surface analyses to explore the biogeography of microbial communities and their functional features. We report taxa and encoded functions represented in metagenomes retrieved from varnish or non-varnish samples, additionally, eight nearly complete genomes have been reconstructed spanning four phyla (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and TM7). The functional and taxonomic analyses presented in this study provide new insights into the ecosystem dynamics and survival strategies of microbial communities inhabiting varnish and non-varnish rock surfaces.
Changing Disease Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality Among Older Cohorts: The Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Crimmins Eileen M , Zhang Yuan S , Kim Jung Ki , Levine Morgan E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
This article investigates changes in disease prevalence, incidence, and mortality among four cohorts of older persons in the Health and Retirement Study.

Methods
We examine two cohorts initially aged 51 to 61, whom we call younger cohorts, and two older cohorts aged 70 to 80 at the start of observation. Each of the paired cohorts was born about 10 years apart. We follow the cohorts for approximately 10 years.

Results
The prevalence of cancer, stroke, and diabetes increased in later-born cohorts; while the prevalence of myocardial infarction decreased markedly in both later-born cohorts. The incidence of heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke decreased among those in the later-born older cohort; while only the incidence of myocardial infarction decreased in the later-born younger cohort. On the other hand, diabetes incidence increased among those in both later-born cohorts. Death rates among those with heart disease, cancer, and diabetes decreased in the later-born cohorts. The declining incidence of three cardiovascular conditions among those who are over age 70 reflects improving population health and has resulted in stemming the increase in prevalence of people with heart disease and stroke.

Discussion
While these results provide some important signs of improving population health, especially among those over 70; trends for those less than 70 in the United States are not as positive.
The European Court of Human Rights, Transitional Justice and Historical Abuse in Consolidated Democracies
Authors: Gallen James 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In recent years, both transitional justice and the role of the European Court of Human Rights in dealing with historical abuses have evolved. Transitional justice has begun to address widespread or systemic human rights abuses outside of the contexts of armed conflict and authoritarian regimes. In three key recent judgments, El-Masri v Macedonia, Janowiec v Russia and O’Keeffe v Ireland, the Court has clarified and expanded its approach to addressing historical human rights violations relevant to transitional justice in significant, if inconsistent, ways. To date, there is no exploration of the relationship between transitional justice, historical abuse outside the contexts of armed conflict or authoritarian rule and the European Convention of Human Rights. This article seeks to address that gap by considering the potential opportunities and obstacles for the use of the Convention to address historical abuse in consolidated democracies as a part of transitional justice.
Determinants of physical, mental and social well-being: a longitudinal environment-wide association study
Authors: Ni Michael Y , Yao Xiaoxin I , Cheung Felix , Wu Joseph T , Schooling C Mary , Pang Herbert , Leung Gabriel M 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined health as a state of physical, mental and social well-being, public health strategies have primarily focused on one domain of well-being. We sought to systematically and simultaneously identify and validate associations of behavioural patterns, psychosocial factors, mental and physical health conditions, access to and utilization of health care and anthropometrics with physical, mental and social well-being.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal environment-wide association study (EWAS) with a training and testing set approach, accounting for multiple testing using a false discovery rate control. We used multivariate multilevel regression to examine the association of each exposure at wave 1 with the three outcomes at wave 2 in the Hong Kong FAMILY Cohort (n = 10 484).ResultsOut of 194 exposures, we identified and validated 14, 5 and 5 exposures that were individually associated with physical, mental and social well-being, respectively. We discovered three factors, namely depressive symptoms, life satisfaction and happiness, that were simultaneously associated with the three domains that define health.ConclusionsThese associations, if verified to be causal, could become intervention targets to holistically improve population health. Our findings provide empirical support for placing mental health at the forefront of the public health agenda, and also support recent calls to use life satisfaction and happiness to guide public policy.
Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Vectored Vaccine Expressing Nucleoprotein and Matrix Protein 1 (M1) Activates Mucosal M1-Specific T-Cell Immunity and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Human Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Authors: Puksuriwong Suttida , Ahmed Muhammad S , Sharma Ravi , Krishnan Madhan , Leong Sam , Lambe Teresa , McNamara Paul S , Gilbert Sarah C , Zhang Qibo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence supports a critical role of CD8+ T-cell immunity against influenza. Activation of mucosal CD8+ T cells, particularly tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells recognizing conserved epitopes would mediate rapid and broad protection. Matrix protein 1 (M1) is a well-conserved internal protein.

Methods
We studied the capacity of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)–vectored vaccine expressing nucleoprotein (NP) and M1 (MVA-NP+M1) to activate M1-specific CD8+ T-cell response, including TRM cells, in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue from children and adults.

Results
After MVA-NP+M1 stimulation, M1 was abundantly expressed in adenotonsillar epithelial cells and B cells. MVA-NP+M1 activated a marked interferon γ–secreting T-cell response to M1 peptides. Using tetramer staining, we showed the vaccine activated a marked increase in M158–66 peptide-specific CD8+ T cells in tonsillar mononuclear cells of HLA-matched individuals. We also demonstrated MVA-NP+M1 activated a substantial increase in TRM cells exhibiting effector memory T-cell phenotype. On recall antigen recognition, M1-specific T cells rapidly undergo cytotoxic degranulation, release granzyme B and proinflammatory cytokines, leading to target cell killing.

Conclusions
MVA-NP+M1 elicits a substantial M1-specific T-cell response, including TRM cells, in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, demonstrating its strong capacity to expand memory T-cell pool exhibiting effector memory T-cell phenotype, therefore offering great potential for rapid and broad protection against influenza reinfection.