bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural differences in food detection
Authors: Sato Wataru , Rymarczyk Krystyna , Minemoto Kazusa , Hyniewska Sylwia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ability to detect food plays an indispensable role in our survival and wellbeing. Previous psychological studies have revealed that food is detected more rapidly than non-food items. However, whether the detection of food could be modulated by cultural factors remains unknown. We investigated this issue in the present study using a visual search paradigm with Polish and Japanese participants. Photographs of international fast food, domestic Japanese food, or kitchen tools were presented alongside images of non-food distractors (cars). Participants were asked to judge whether the stimuli were all identical or not. The reaction time data showed that participants from both cultures detected food more rapidly than kitchen tools. Japanese participants detected fast food more rapidly than Japanese food, whereas Polish participants did not display such differences between food types. These results suggest that rapid detection of food is universal, but is modulated by cultural experiences.
Predictors of outcomes in patients with mitral regurgitation undergoing percutaneous valve repair
Authors: Polimeni Alberto , Albanese Michele , Salerno Nadia , Aquila Iolanda , Sabatino Jolanda , Sorrentino Sabato , Leo Isabella , Cacia Michele , Signorile Vincenzo , Mongiardo Annalisa , Spaccarotella Carmen , De Rosa Salvatore , Indolfi Ciro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPercutaneous mitral valve repair has been increasingly performed worldwide after approval. We sought to investigate predictors of clinical outcome in patients with mitral regurgitation undergoing percutaneous valve repair. The MITRA-UMG study, a single-centre registry, retrospectively collected consecutive patients with symptomatic moderate-to-severe or severe MR undergoing MitraClip therapy. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death or rehospitalization for heart failure. Between March 2012 and July 2018, a total of 150 consecutive patients admitted to our institution were included. Procedural success was obtained in 95.3% of patients. The composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular death or rehospitalization for HF was met in 55 patients (37.9%) with cumulative incidences of 7.6%, 26.2%, at 30 days and 1-year, respectively. In the Cox multivariate model, NYHA functional class and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi), independently increased the risk of the primary endpoint at long-term follow-up. At Kaplan–Meier analysis, a LVEDVi > 92 ml/m2 was associated with an increased incidence of the primary endpoint. In this study, patients presenting with dilated ventricles (LVEDVi > 92 ml/m2) and advanced heart failure symptoms (NYHA IV) at baseline carried the worst prognosis after percutaneous mitral valve repair.
Early identification using the referral system prolonged the time to onset for hepatic encephalopathy after diagnosing severe acute liver injury
Authors: Kakisaka Keisuke , Suzuki Yuji , Abe Hiroaki , Watanabe Takuya , Yusa Kenji , Sato Hiroki , Takikawa Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 2004, we implemented a referral system for patients with acute liver injury (ALI) based on an established formula that estimates the risk of progression to acute live failure (ALF); however, the benefits of the system for patients with severe acute liver injury (SLI) remain unclear. We have evaluated the clinical significance of the referral system for SLI patients. Patients with ALI/SLI who were consecutively and prospectively listed on the system between 2004 and 2018 were analyzed. Of the 371 ALI/SLI/ALF patients on the system, 124 satisfied the criteria for SLI; 34 of these 124 progressed to SLI after registration. Multivariate analysis using age, sex, AST, ALT, creatinine, total bilirubin, prothrombin, presence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and SLI at registration revealed that HE was associated with high mortality. Among the 23 patients who developed HE, five who progressed to SLI after registration showed an increased time to HE development compared with patients who had SLI at the time of registration. However, there was no significant difference in survival time after HE development. We concluded that early identification of SLI patients using the referral system increased the time from SLI diagnosis to HE development.
Gravistimulation effects on Oryza sativa amino acid profile, growth pattern and expression of OsPIN genes
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Jan Rahmatullah , Kim Kyung-Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGravity is an important ecological factor regulating plant growth and developmental processes. Here we used various molecular and biochemical approaches to investigate artificial and normal gravistimulation’s effect on the early growth stages of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by changing the orientations of Petri dishes. Rate of amino acid formation, root and shoot growth, and OsPIN expression was significantly higher under gravistimulation compared with the control. Clinostat rotation positively affected plant growth and amino acid profile. However, under normal gravity, vertical-oriented seedlings showed high amino acid levels compared with clinostat, 90°-rotated, and control seedlings. Similarly, seedling growth significantly increased with 90°-rotated and vertical orientations. Artificial gravity and exogenous indole-3-acetic acid induced OsPIN1 expression in the roots, root shoot junction, and shoots of clinorotated seedlings. Phenyl acetic acid induced OsPIN1 expression in the roots and root shoot junction of clinorotated seedlings but not in the shoot. The current study suggests that OsPIN1 is differentially regulated and that it might be involved in the regulation of plant growth. Conversely, OsPIN2 and OsPIN3a are gravity sensors and highly induced in the roots and root shoot junctions of vertical and 90°-rotated seedlings and play an important role in stress conditions. Thus, on exposure to gravity, hormones, and UV-C radiation, these genes are highly regulated by jasmonic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellic acid.
Cooling effect and control factors of common shrubs on the urban heat island effect in a southern city in China
Authors: Zhang Rongfei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBecause the heat island effect can make cities warmer than their surroundings, it can make urban dwellers uncomfortable and even affect their health, which is particularly pronounced in developed cities in southern China. To reduce the heat island effect and improve the environment, various types of vegetation have been planted in the urban green belt. Though previous studies have been conducted on the beauty, air purification functions and cooling effect of vegetation, little is concentrated on the different cooling effects and control factors of various common shrubs on the heat island effect in cities. In this study, five of the most regionally common shrubs were selected to study the cooling effect in Guangzhou, southern China. The maximum surface temperatures of five shrubs and pavement were compared using infrared temperature sensors from April 1st 2019 to October 31st 2019. Results show that (1) All five shrubs showed noticeable seasonal variation, and the average surface temperatures of the five shrubs were between 38.0 and 42.2 °C during May–August and 30.7–34.1 °C during the other seasons (April, September and October);. (2) Murraya exotica L. exhibited the best cooling effect on the maximum surface temperature. Its value was 44.7 °C, and the absolute difference values of Murraya exotica L. (10.3 ± 1.7 °C) were higher than any other shrub during the study period; (3) Both the LAI (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.01) and plant height (R2 = 0.13, p < 0.01) are control factors of the cooling effect on vegetation surface temperature for the five shrubs. This study revealed the differences in the cooling effect and influencing factors of five regionally common shrubs on the heat island effect. Research on the functional characteristics of plants and plant selection in urban green belts has both theoretical and practical significance.
Iron deficiency and the loss of chloroplast iron–sulfur cluster assembly trigger distinct transcriptome changes in Arabidopsis rosettes
Authors: Kroh Gretchen Elizabeth , Pilon Marinus 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Regulation of mRNA abundance revealed a genetic program for plant leaf acclimation to iron (Fe) limitation. The transcript for SUFB, a key component of the plastid iron–sulfur (Fe–S) assembly pathway is down-regulated early after Fe deficiency, and prior to down-regulation of mRNAs encoding abundant chloroplast Fe containing proteins, which should economize the use of Fe. What controls this system is unclear. We utilized RNA-seq. aimed to identify differentially expressed transcripts that are co-regulated with SUFB after Fe deficiency in leaves. To distinguish if lack of Fe or lack of Fe–S cofactors and associated loss of enzymatic and photosynthetic activity trigger transcriptome reprogramming, WT plants on low Fe were compared with an inducible sufb-RNAi knockdown. Fe deficiency targeted a limited set of genes and predominantly affected transcripts for chloroplast localized proteins. A set of glutaredoxin transcripts was concertedly down-regulated early after Fe deficiency, however when these same genes were down-regulated by RNAi the effect on known chloroplast Fe deficiency marker proteins was minimal. In promoters of differentially expressed genes, binding motifs for AP2/ERF transcription factors were most abundant and three AP2/ERF transcription factors were also differentially expressed early after low Fe treatment. Surprisingly, Fe deficiency in a WT on low Fe and a sufb-RNAi knockdown presented very little overlap in differentially expressed genes. sufb-RNAi produced expression patterns expected for Fe excess and up-regulation of a transcript for another Fe–S assembly component not affected by low Fe. These findings indicate that Fe scarcity, not Fe utilization, triggers reprogramming of the transcriptome in leaves.
Restoration of ceramidede novosynthesis by the synthetic retinoid ST1926 as it induces adult T-cell leukemia cell death
Authors: Ghandour Botheina , Pisano Claudio , Darwiche Nadine , Dbaibo Ghassan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCeramide (Cer) is a bioactive cellular lipid with compartmentalized and tightly regulated levels. Distinct metabolic pathways lead to the generation of Cer species with distinguishable roles in oncogenesis. Deregulation of Cer pathways has emerged as an important mechanism for acquired chemotherapeutic resistance. Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells are defective in Cer synthesis. ATL is an aggressive neoplasm that develops following infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) where the viral oncogene Tax contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. ATL cells, resistant to all-trans-retinoic acid, are sensitive to pharmacologically achievable concentrations of the synthetic retinoid ST1926. We studied the effects of ST1926 on Cer pathways in ATL cells. ST1926 treatment resulted in early Tax oncoprotein degradation in HTLV-1-treated cells. ST1926 induced cell death and a dose- and time-dependent accumulation of Cer in malignant T cells. The kinetics and degree of Cer production showed an early response upon ST1926 treatment. ST1926 enhanced de novo Cer synthesis via activation of ceramide synthase CerS(s) without inhibiting dihydroceramide desaturase, thereby accumulating Cer rather than the less bioactive dihydroceramide. Using labeling experiments with the unnatural 17-carbon sphinganine and measuring the generated Cer species, we showed that ST1926 preferentially induces the activities of a distinct set of CerS(s). We detected a delay in cell death response and interruption of Cer generation in response to ST1926 in Molt-4 cells overexpressing Bcl-2. These results highlight the potential role of ST1926 in inducing Cer levels, thus lowering the threshold for cell death in ATL cells.
The Narrative Competence of Bilingual Jamaican Creole– and English-Speaking Preschoolers
Authors: Washington Karla N. , Westby Carol , Fritz Kristina , Crowe Kathryn , Karem Rachel Wright , Basinger Melanie 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to characterize narrative competence of typically developing bilingual children using Jamaican Creole (JC) and English.MethodStory comprehension and fictional storytelling tasks in JC and English were completed by 104 bilingual preschoolers aged 4–6 years. Story comprehension was analyzed using inferential story comprehension questions representing Blank's Question Hierarchy. Fictional storytelling was analyzed using the Monitoring Indicators of Scholarly Language framework for narrative macrostructure and microstructure.ResultsStory comprehension was significantly correlated within each language, but only questions from Level 4 of Blank's Question Hierarchy showed significant correlations between languages. Fictional storytelling was significantly better in English than in JC for macrostructure (total score, internal response, plan, consequence) and microstructure (total score, adverbs, elaborated noun phrases). Story complexity in JC and English was significantly correlated. In terms of developmental effects, children's macrostructure and story complexity appear to be better at 4 years than 5 years, with English outperforming JC. Furthermore, age correlated with story comprehension in JC.ConclusionComparison of narrative competence in bilingual children provides much needed insights into language development, with examination of JC and English bilinguals representing an understudied bilingual context.
We Are in a Book: Using Metafictive Picture Books to Facilitate Emergent Literacy Goals
Authors: Lederer Susan Hendler , Abruzzino Toni A. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeLiterature-based intervention is used to facilitate both early language and emergent literacy goals, which supports success in later reading and writing. Best practices in choosing picture books to facilitate specific goals are limited, but one line of research asserts that different genres align with different goals. However, metafiction is one genre that is yet to be explored as a context for facilitating emergent literacy goals. Metafiction uses a variety of devices to draw attention to itself as an artifact providing unique learning opportunities. The purposes of this clinical focus article are to (a) introduce the different devices authors use in metafictive writing, (b) correlate individual devices with specific foundational literacy goals targeted in therapy (i.e., oral language, phonological awareness, print awareness, and alphabet knowledge), and (c) provide a sample session. A variety of metafictive picture books will be offered to illustrate these connections.ConclusionMetafictive picture books provide a rich context for facilitating emergent literacy goals because of the specific devices authors use in these texts.
Design refinements of synchronous reluctance motor utilising non‐magnetic radial ribs for traction applications
Authors: Panda Sibasish , Keshri Ritesh Kumar , Tessarolo Alberto , Tiwari Gaurav , Mezzarobba Mario 
Published: October 2020

The rotor structure of synchronous reluctance motor (SynRm) is usually provided with redial ribs to improve structural ruggedness for high‐speed operation. While these radial ribs contribute to mechanical robustness, they also reduce the average torque and limit the flux‐weakening capability due to an increase in inductance along the q ‐axis. To address this issue, the rotor design is refined by adopting non‐magnetic radial ribs in this study. The introduction of titanium as non‐magnetic material for radial ribs prevents magnetic leakage flux from flowing along the q ‐axis, and thereby improves the average torque, saliency ratio, efficiency and power factor of the SynRm. Furthermore, along with the electromagnetic analysis, the mechanical integrity of the proposed rotor design is also investigated. Two prototypes rated 1 kW at 1500 rpm are fabricated using both the conventional and the proposed rotor design, while the stator and other parameters are maintained constant in the two cases. The conventional design uses magnetic radial ribs whereas the proposed design uses non‐magnetic radial ribs. Finally, a thorough comparative study, including inductance tests on the prototypes, is performed between the proposed and the conventional SynRm, confirming the strengths of the technology solution being set forth.
Aminosäuren – Essenziell zum Leben
Authors: Meyer Alfons 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungAminosäuren sind biochemisch Aminocarbonsäuren. Neben der Säureamidreaktion der Aminosäuren untereinander zur Bildung von Peptiden (z. B. Glutathion) und Proteinen ermöglichen ihre reaktiven Gruppen, wie die Amino- und Carboxylgruppe, weitere lebenswichtige biochemische Reaktionen. So führt die Decarboxylasereaktion zu den bedeutenden biogenen Aminen, die Abtrennung der Aminogruppe zur Bildung der α-Ketosäuren, die Transaminierung zur Bildung neuer Aminosäuren und die Reaktion mit einer weiteren Aminogruppe zur Amidbildung. Aminosäuren und ihre Folgeprodukte erfüllen vielfältige Funktionen im Organismus, z. B. als Neurotransmitter, im antioxidativen Schutz und bei der Entgiftung toxischer Substanzen. Therapeutische Einsatzgebiete sind u. a. chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen, Herzrhythmus- und Schlafstörungen sowie Burnout.
N-Acetyl-Cystein – Nur ein Mukolytikum?
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch die Spaltung von Disulfidbrücken wirkt N-Acetyl-Cystein (NAC) mukolytisch bei Atemwegs-/Lungenerkrankungen und greift die Hülle von SARS-CoV-2 an, wodurch die Infektiosität des neuen Coronavirus abgeschwächt wird. Als Gluthation-Prodrug hat die Substanz zentrale Bedeutung für Immunfunktion, Regulation der Stickstoffbilanz und Erhalt immunkompetenter Zellmasse. In einer Studie konnte eine Verbesserung der Überlebenszeitprognose von AIDS-Patienten unter NAC-Therapie belegt werden. Kardioprotektive Wirkung zeigt N-Acetyl-Cystein bei endothelialer Dysfunktion und Homocyst(e)inämie. Zudem konnte die Gabe von NAC in einer Studie kontrastmittelinduzierte Nierenschäden reduzieren.
The Impact of Obesity on the Management and Outcomes of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Polic Aleksandra , Curry Tierra L. , Louis Judette M. 
Published: October 2020

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the impact of obesity on the management and outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who delivered at a tertiary care center between February 1, 2013 and January 31, 2014 and experienced a postpartum hemorrhage. Charts were reviewed for clinical and sociodemographic data, and women were excluded if the medical record was incomplete. Hemorrhage-related severe morbidity indicators included blood transfusion, shock, renal failure, transfusion-related lung injury, cardiac arrest, and use of interventional radiology procedures. Obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and nonobese women were compared. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and linear regression where appropriate. The p-value <0.05 was significant.
Results Of 9,890 deliveries, 2.6% (n = 262) were complicated by hemorrhage. Obese women were more likely to deliver by cesarean section (55.5 vs. 39.8%, p = 0.016), undergo a cesarean after labor (31.1 vs. 12.2%, p = 0.001), and have a higher quantitative blood loss (1,313 vs. 1,056 mL, p = 0.003). Both groups were equally likely to receive carboprost, methylergonovine, and misoprostol, but obese women were more likely to receive any uterotonic agent (95.7 vs. 88.9%, p = 0.007) and be moved to the operating room (32.3 vs. 20.4, p = 0.04). There was no difference in the use of intrauterine pressure balloon tamponade, interventional radiology, or decision to proceed with hysterectomy. The two groups were similar in time to stabilization. There was no difference in the need for blood transfusion. Obese women required more units of blood transfused (2.2 ± 2 vs. 2 ± 5 units, p = 0.023), were more likely to have any hemorrhage-related severe morbidity (34.1 vs. 25%, p = 0.016), and more than one hemorrhage related morbidity (17.1 vs. 7.9, p = 0.02). After controlling for confounding variables, quantitative blood loss, and not BMI was predictive of the need for transfusion.
Conclusion Despite similar management, obese women were more likely to have severe morbidity and need more units of blood transfused.
Key Points
Does stress matter?
Authors: Tsiamas Athanasios , Jarema Gonia , Kehayia Eva 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of stress change during compound processing in Modern Greek. Twenty-five native
speakers were tested in a cross-modal lexical decision task and a naming task in order to test for performance differences across
stress-change vs. non-stress-change compounds. No statistically significant difference was found for the lexical decision task. However, the
naming task showed a significant effect of stress change in compound processing, with the production of non-stress-change compounds showing
facilitation. These results indicate that stress change is reflected in compound processing in Greek and underscore the importance of
considering the interplay between specific tasks and the computational role of linguistic features.
Formation of flat electron density profiles at the L-2M stellarator at high ECRH powers
Authors: Meshcheryakov A I , Vafin I Yu , Grishina I A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The shapes of the electron temperature profiles were analyzed at the L-2M stellarator based on the data obtained in experiments on the axial ECR plasma heating performed at different plasma densities and heating powers. It was ascertained that, at the reduced ECRH power exceeding some threshold value, the electron temperature profiles become broadened and flat in the axial region of the plasma column. The appearance of the flat temperature profiles correlates with the occurrence of the density profiles with a dip in the axial region forming at high reduced heating powers as a result of the density pump-out effect. It was concluded that, as a result of occurrence of the density profiles with a dip in the axial region, the mechanism for the microwave radiation absorption changes. Apparently, the cyclotron absorption of the electron Bernstein waves becomes the main mechanism for the microwave radiation absorption, which, in turn, results in the occurrence of the broad and flat (in the axial region) electron temperature profiles.
Nonlinear absorption of Alfvén waves: model taking into account photorecombination radiation
Authors: Gavrikov M B , Pestryakova N V , Taiurskii A A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Damping of the Alfvén wave falling onto the boundary of the dissipative plasma is considered. In this model, the following dissipation mechanisms are included: the hydrodynamic viscosities and thermal conductivities of electrons and ions, magnetic viscosity, thermal relaxation, losses due to bremsstrahlung as well as the synchrotron and photorecombination radiations. These studies are based on the equations of the two-fluid electromagnetic hydrodynamics that fully account for the electron inertia. Numerical analysis based on the implicit finite-difference scheme indicates the existence of a quasi-stationary regime of the Alfvén wave damping in dissipative plasma and shows that the Alfvén wave can be imprisoned in plasma.