bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolved molecular line observations reveal an inherited molecular layer in the young disk around TMC1A
Authors: Harsono D. , van der Wiel M. H. D. , Bjerkeli P. , Ramsey J. P. , Calcutt H. , Kristensen L. E. , Jørgensen J. K. 
Published: December 2020

Context.Physical processes that govern the star and planet formation sequence influence the chemical composition and evolution of protoplanetary disks. Recent studies allude to an early start to planet formation already during the formation of a disk. To understand the chemical composition of protoplanets, we need to constrain the composition and structure of the disks from whence they are formed.Aims.We aim to determine the molecular abundance structure of the young disk around the TMC1A protostar on au scales in order to understand its chemical structure and any possible implications for disk formation.Methods.We present spatially resolved Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of CO, HCO+, HCN, DCN, and SO line emission, as well as dust continuum emission, in the vicinity of TMC1A. Molecular column densities are estimated both under the assumption of optically thin emission from molecules in local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) as well as through more detailed non-LTE radiative transfer calculations.Results.Resolved dust continuum emission from the disk is detected between 220 and 260 GHz. Rotational transitions from HCO+, HCN, and SO are also detected from the inner 100 au region. We further report on upper limits to vibrational HCNυ2= 1, DCN, and N2D+lines. The HCO+emission appears to trace both the Keplerian disk and the surrounding infalling rotating envelope. HCN emission peaks toward the outflow cavity region connected with the CO disk wind and toward the red-shifted part of the Keplerian disk. From the derived HCO+abundance, we estimate the ionization fraction of the disk surface, and find values that imply that the accretion process is not driven by the magneto-rotational instability. The molecular abundances averaged over the TMC1A disk are similar to its protostellar envelope and other, older Class II disks. We meanwhile find a discrepancy between the young disk’s molecular abundances relative to Solar System objects.Conclusions.Abundance comparisons between the disk and its surrounding envelope for several molecular species reveal that the bulk of planet-forming material enters the disk unaltered. Differences in HCN and H2O molecular abundances between the disk around TMC1A, Class II disks, and Solar System objects trace the chemical evolution during disk and planet formation.
The Course of Physics at the Technical University Digital Education System
Authors: Timchenko Svetlana L. , Semikolenov Andrei V. , Zadorozhnyi Nikolai A. , Chuev Anatoly S. , Dementeva Olga Yu. 
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the digital education possibilities for a technical university, using the online courses on general physics course sections example. Online courses in physics contain video lectures, seminars, video demonstrations, and test tasks. All course content is available on the “Open BMSTU” distance learning platform. Current students’ knowledge assessment is carried out by testing in remote access mode. Test tasks have three levels of difficulty. Tests of the first complexity level allow you to evaluate the knowledge of physical quantities, laws, formulas definitions and assume the choice of the answer. Tests of the second complexity level contain problems that require knowledge of formulas and basic methods for solving problems. Tests of the third complexity level contain problems, the solution of which requires knowledge of formulas, logical thinking and provides for detailed problem-solving. Performing test task complexity determines the optimal ratio choice between the time taken to complete the test and the task content complexity level in the test. Regular testing allows not only to control but also to merge the information got at lectures, seminars and laboratory sessions.
We carried out the statistical processing of experimental groups test results on the general physics course “Electromagnetism” topics using the digital educational environment MOODLE and EDX.
Tutoring as a Way of Organizing University Space for the Academic Qualification of Young Researchers: the Russian Context
Authors: Gavrilina Elena A. 
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the study of the tutoring phenomenon in the past and in modern times. The relation between tutoring and the development of metacompetitions of tutorantshas been traced. The concepts of meta-subject matter, metacognitiveness and metacreativity are specified in the educational context. The neccesityto include tutoring in the modern Russian education, especially to the scientific training of students, has been shown.
The need for inclusion of tutoring in the space of modern Russian education is shown, especially concerning the scientific training of students.
The Effect of Resistance Training on the Function after Hip Replacement: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Langxin , Chen Guanlin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction The efficacy of resistance training for hip replacement remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of resistance training on functional recovery for hip replacement.
Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases through April 2018 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of resistance training on hip replacement.
Results Five RCTs involving 251 patients are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with the control group for post-hip replacement patients, resistance training can significantly improve hip-related quality of life (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.68; p = 0.04), symptoms (SMD = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.74; p = 0.02), sports and recreation (SMD = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.75; p = 0.01), and reduce pain scores (SMD = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.74; p = 0.02), but has no remarkable impact on activities of daily living function (SMD = 0.48; 95% CI = 0 to 0.96; p = 0.05), sit to stand (SMD = 0.17; 95% CI = − 0.25 to 0.59; p = 0.44), stair climb performance (SMD = 0.06; 95% CI = − 0.36 to 0.48; p = 0.77), and leg extension power (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI = − 0.17 to 1.01; p = 0.17).
Conclusions Resistance training is associated with significantly improved hip-related quality of life, symptoms, and sports and recreation, and decreased pain scores in post-hip replacement patients.
Spotlight: Wie bestimmt man das QTc-Intervall richtig?
Authors: Bogossian Harilaos , Bimpong-Buta Nana-Yaw , Lemke Bernd 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDas EKG stellt eine der wichtigsten nicht invasiven Untersuchungsmethoden dar. Im klinischen Alltag bietet es einen hohen Informationsgehalt bei sehr geringen Kosten. Nichtsdestotrotz ist die EKG-Interpretation für viele Ärzte herausfordernd. Selbst bei einem normalen EKG bedarf es ausreichender Sorgfalt, um die einzelnen Zeitintervalle ordentlich zu vermessen. Deutlich schwieriger wird die Interpretation beim Auftreten von Herzrhythmusstörungen. Hier müssen dann (wie z. B. beim Vorhofflimmern) mehrere Messungen durchgeführt und berücksichtigt werden, um das QT-Intervall korrekt zu beurteilen. Weitere EKG-Veränderungen können die Messung und Interpretation der QT-Zeit weiter beeinflussen. So kommt insbesondere bei Frequenzvariabilität (Tachykardien/Bradykardien) und beim Auftreten von Schenkelblockierungen die Anwendung diverser Formeln zum Tragen. Erst nach Berücksichtigung all dieser Aspekte kann eine ordentliche Messung und Interpretation der QTc-Zeit erfolgen.
Herzinsuffizienz und Vorhofflimmern – Stellenwert der Katheterablation
Authors: Bante Hendrik , Sommer Philipp 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHerzinsuffizienz und Vorhofflimmern koexistieren häufig, was zu einer weiteren Erhöhung von Letalität und Morbidität führt. Aufgrund einer zunehmenden Alterung unserer Gesellschaft ist von einer steigenden Prävalenz beider Erkrankungen auszugehen. Infolgedessen wird sich die Anzahl an Patienten mit einem kombinierten Vorliegen von Herzinsuffizienz und Vorhofflimmern ebenfalls erhöhen. Ein Vorteil einer medikamentösen antiarrhythmischen Therapie gegenüber einer medikamentösen Frequenzkontrolle konnte bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern und systolischer Dysfunktion bisher nicht gezeigt werden. Für die Katheterablation hingegen wurde in randomisierten prospektiven Studien mehrfach eine Überlegenheit gegenüber einer medikamentösen Therapie nachgewiesen, einschließlich einer Reduktion der Gesamtletalität. Deshalb ist die Katheterablation bei derartigen Patienten schon heute ein wichtiger Bestandteil der multimodalen Therapie.
Leberspezifische Diagnostik bei der nichtalkoholischen Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) – wann kann die Leberbiopsie ersetzt werden?
Authors: Michel Maurice , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) ist eine der häufigsten Lebererkrankungen. In Deutschland wird die Prävalenz in der adulten Bevölkerung auf 24 % geschätzt, und die Inzidenz ist ansteigend. Prognostisch ist die Unterscheidung früher und fortgeschrittener Erkrankungsstadien von Bedeutung. Insbesondere das Ausmaß der Vernarbung, die als Leberfibrose bezeichnet wird, beeinflusst Morbidität und Mortalität von Patienten mit NAFLD. Bei Vorliegen einer fortgeschrittener Fibrose und Zirrhose steigen die leberspezifische und die Gesamtmortalität an. Die Leberfibrose entsteht als Konsequenz einer anhaltenden Entzündung des Lebergewebes über die Zeit. Da Entzündung und Fibrose histologische Merkmale der Erkrankung sind, gilt heute als Referenzmethode in der Diagnostik der NAFLD noch die Leberbiopsie. Zunehmend werden nichtinvasive diagnostische Verfahren zum Staging (der Fibrose) und Grading (Aktivität) der Erkrankung entwickelt und validiert. Die aktuelle Übersicht fasst neue Entwicklungen der nichtinvasiven Leberdiagnostik zusammen.
Synthesis of N-Aryl-4-arylhexahydroquinoline Derivatives by Reaction of Cyclic Enaminones with Arylidenemalononitriles in DMSO
Authors: Oriyama Takeshi , Han Wei , Inoue Chika , Onizawa Tsunaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe reaction of cyclic enaminones with arylidenemalono­nitriles was carried out in the presence of 13X molecular sieves in dimethyl sulfoxide. Under these mild reaction conditions, various bioactive N-aryl-4-arylhexahydroquinoline derivatives were obtained in high yields without the necessity of using transition-metal catalyst, organobase, or reflux conditions.
Lian gong as a Therapeutic Treatment Option in Primary Care for Patients with Dizziness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lopes Aline Lamas , Lemos Stela Maris Aguiar , Figueiredo Pedro Henrique Scheidt , Gonçalves Denise Utsch , Santos Juliana Nunes 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Dizziness is one of the most common reasons for seeking primary health care. Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is a conventional treatment method for peripheral balance disorders that effectively decreases symptoms. Lian gong [LG] is believed to benefit patients with dizziness and to reduce the impact of the condition on quality of life by stimulating visual fixation, attention, body balance, and neuroplasticity.
Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of LG on the impact of dizziness on quality of life and fear of falling in primary health care patients.
Methods This was a two-arm, parallel randomized clinical trial that included 36 patients with dizziness not caused by central changes. After specific medical evaluations and indications for treatment, the participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the LG group (n = 11), the VR group (n = 11), and the control group (n = 14). The interventions were conducted collectively over a period of 12 weeks.
Results Lian gong reduced the influence of dizziness on quality of life in physical (1.8 points, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–3.4), functional (4.0 points, 95% CI: 2.1–5.9), and emotional domains of quality of life (4.4 points, 95% CI: 1.7–7.2), with no differences compared with VR. There were similar concerns among the groups about the risk of falling.
Conclusion Lian gong was shown to be an effective balance rehabilitation strategy to reduce the impact of dizziness on quality of life, with similar results to those of VR.
Efeitos e segurança do uso pré-operatório de glutamina ou Whey Protein: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Naspitz Laura , Konstantyner Tulio 
Published: December 2020

ResumoContexto e Objetivo Jejum prolongado aumenta a resistência insulínica pós-operatória, dificultando a convalescência cirúrgica. Oferecer solução com carboidratos 2 horas antes da cirurgia reduz desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis. Adicionar glutamina ou whey protein a esta solução seria seguro e poderia implicar benefícios ainda maiores?Métodos Revisão sistemática da literatura realizada em dois bancos de dados com descritores de saúde preoperative care ou preoperative period associado a whey e depois a glutamine. Um total de 160 artigos foram encontrados. Após aplicação de filtros de busca e de critérios de exclusão e de inclusão, 16 artigos foram incluídos na presente revisão.Resultados Todos os artigos selecionados são ensaios clínicos randomizados. Daqueles que avaliaram segurança, nenhum encontrou eventos adversos ou aumento do risco anestésico quando utilizados glutamina ou whey protein. Dos artigos que investigaram eficácia, demonstrou-se redução da resistência insulínica e dos mediadores inflamatórios e aumento das proteínas séricas e da capacidade antioxidante total naqueles que utilizaram a solução proteica. Poucos autores conseguiram relacionar esses achados laboratoriais com otimização de desfechos clínicos, com exceção de dois que utilizaram a glutamina em pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca.Conclusão Uso de glutamina ou whey protein pré-operatório demonstra-se seguro e com benefícios laboratoriais no pós-operatório. Estudos ainda carecem de conseguir demonstrar melhor recuperação clínica do paciente quando realizado uso de proteína pré-operatória.
Benefícios do ômega 3 na prevenção de doença cardiovascular: Revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Nascimento Paulo Marcos do , Scalabrini Heloisy Moreira 
Published: December 2020

Resumo
Introdução Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados-3, ou ômega 3, como o ácido alfa-linolênico (ALA, na sigla em inglês), uma gordura encontrada em alimentos vegetais, o ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA, na sigla em inglês) e o ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA, na sigla em inglês), ambos encontrados em peixes, vêm sendo considerados substâncias relevantes para a manutenção da saúde, de modo que a suplementação vem sendo aventada como relevante para redução de riscos cardiovasculares.
Objetivo Identificar e analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre a contribuição do ômega 3 na prevenção e no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares.
Materiais e Métodos Revisão integrativa de literatura, com deferência a materiais publicados nas bases de dados da Scielo e PubMed, em que se considerou como critério de inclusão artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos, disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, que abordassem a temática proposta; os critérios de exclusão foram editoriais, cartas ao editor, estudos de revisão, teses, dissertações, artigos repetidos e que não correspondessem à temática.
Resultados Com base nas evidências científicas mencionadas, os índices de ômega 3 no organismo são relevantes para identificar possível risco cardiovascular, de modo que pode, portanto, ser usado como objetivo para o tratamento quando de possível risco para estas manifestações. Esse fator de risco pode ser modificado pela ingestão de EPA e DHA. A dose padrão de 1 g/dia de EPA e DHA recomendada pelas sociedades cardíacas, no entanto, provavelmente está longe de ser ideal para todos, já que não apenas essa dose padrão, mas também dieta, histórico genético individual, índice de massa corporal, ingestão e descarte de calorias, e outros fatores, todos juntos, provavelmente determinam o nível de ácidos graxos ômega 3 de uma determinada pessoa. Sugere-se, portanto, que o índice de ômega-3 atue não apenas como fator de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares, mas que outros contextos aliados ao estilo de vida do paciente sejam considerados.
Conclusão A dieta ou suplementação desses nutrientes pode resultar em benefícios cardiovasculares e outros para a sociedade como um todo.
Traumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation in Adult: Case Report
Authors: Alcântara Rafaela Campos , Souza Jacks Alan Tenório de , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is generally found in pediatric patients, rarely found in adults, being a life-threatening condition especially when early diagnosis is not possible, which can lead to severe late neurological deficits. We describe a 38-year-old patient, victim of physical aggression caused by strangulation attempt who developed AARS, an uncommon traumatic cause. During the hospital care, the early diagnosis allowed us to institute a conservative treatment, which made the case uncommon, since most of the time surgical treatment is imperative. With the patient awake and under analgesia, a closed reduction was performed that promoted immediate pain relief, followed by a prescription of wearing a Philadelphia-type collar for 8 weeks. During the follow-up, cervical spine radiographies demonstrated no subluxation after removing the cervical collar. The patient was asymptomatic after 6 months of treatment. This case supports the importance of nonoperative management of AARS in selected cases.
Is there gender bias in research grant success in social sciences?: Hong Kong as a case study
Authors: Yip Paul Siu Fai , Xiao Yunyu , Wong Clifford Long Hin , Au Terry Kit Fong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite growing attention to gender disparities in higher education, women in academia still receive less research funding and recognition. Previous research on this gender gap has focused on biomedical, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in the West—relatively silent on social sciences and Asia. This study examined how well staff gender, submission rate, success rate, and amount per award could predict annual changes in the number and amount of grant funding for academic years 2015/2016–2020/2021 in the Faculty of Social Science at the University of Hong Kong, a leading institution in social sciences in Asia. Decomposition analysis revealed that, compared to men, women had higher submission rates, which significantly contributed to an increase in the number of awards for the University in recent years in two major funding mechanisms (namely, General Research Fund and Early Career Scheme), especially from 2019/2020 to 2020/2021. Women also outperformed men in the success rate in the Early Career Scheme (i.e., within the first three years of faculty appointment). Both submission rate and success rate contributed to changes in award number and the total amount for the University over time. Overall, women had a higher submission rate, successful rate, and amount per award than their male counterparts. We have identified good practices and distinctive contextual factors in Hong Kong that likely contribute to the lack of gender bias for research grant application results in Social Sciences.
Base of fresh water, groundwater salinity, and well distribution across California
Authors: Kang Mary , Perrone Debra , Wang Ziming , Jasechko Scott , Rohde Melissa M. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
To sustainably manage groundwater, water managers and regulators currently rely upon understanding the depths at which groundwater transitions from fresh (shallower) to more saline (deeper). This base of fresh water, while important, remains poorly understood. Here we show that, in California, 1) available base-of-fresh-water data do not represent actual base of fresh water, as exemplified by the widespread occurrence of fresh water deeper than the defined bases of fresh water, and 2) wells are already penetrating or encroaching on the defined bases of fresh water. We conclude that using current base-of-fresh-water data may limit efforts to manage deep groundwater effectively.
A case study of one teacher’s introduction to task-based language teaching
Authors: Ariatna  , Ellis Rod 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article reports a practitioner research study where one of the authors worked with an Indonesian secondary school
teacher to help her introduce task-based language teaching into her own classroom. We report a study involving classroom observation,
interviews, and a reflective journal and show that the teacher was able to develop a good understanding of TBLT principles, construct
well-structured lessons around tasks, and, in the main, to implement TBLT effectively. We also found that there was also a generally
positive response to TBLT from the students and pre- and post- tests provided evidence of language learning. However, we also observed that
while the teacher was able to adopt the role of facilitator, she still sometimes continued to behave as a traditional instructor, dominating
the interactions through display questions and nominating students. We conducted this case study as part of our work as teacher educators
and conclude with a list of the insights we gained can inform professional development programmes for TBLT in Indonesia.
Computer-mediated instruction using ondoku practice for developing elementary school students’ pronunciation
skills
Authors: Wong Steven , Shintani Natsuko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article reports on an elementary school teacher’s research project that evaluated a new teaching practice for
Japanese elementary school students. The project was conducted in two fifth-grade classes comprising a total of 59 students. The
teacher-researcher designed a computer-mediated instructional activity consisting of four-steps called ondoku, which
engaged individual students in reading a given story aloud. It involved the students (a) studying a model reading-aloud video, (b)
video-recording their own reading-aloud performance, (c) receiving teacher corrective feedback on their pronunciation and (d) studying the
feedback and recording and then submitting a second performance. All the steps were carried out in sequence using individual iPads. The
teacher also administered a questionnaire to examine students’ engagement in and perspectives regarding the activity. Analysis involved
comparing the pronunciation in the first and second corrected video files. The results showed that feedback led to successful repair 62
times out of the 108 corrections. In 16 instances, the students were aware of the error and attempted repair but still produced an incorrect
utterance. In 30 instances, the students made no repair. Reflecting on the results and the students’ responses to the questionnaire, the
teacher proposed some changes to the activity.