bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional Uyghur medicine Quercus infectoria galls water extract triggers apoptosis and autophagic cell death in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Yongbing , Liu Jiayang , Kuerban Kudelaidi , Li Jian , Iminjan Mubarak , Ye Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The water extract of Quercuse infectoria galls (QIG) is the active ingredient of Uyghur medicine Xipayi Kui Jie’an (KJA) which has promising therapeutic effects on Ulcerative Colitis (UC) as an alternative medicine. Considering the relationship between UC and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), the present work aims to explore the direct anti-CRC activity of QIG extract.

Methods
CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry, laser confocal and western blotting were performed to examine autophagy. We also adopted Reactive Oxygen Assay kit, as well as transwell and wound healing tests to study the underlying mechanism of QIG against CRC cells.

Results
First, we found that QIG extract could suppress the viability of CRC cells and trigger caspases-dependent apoptosis. Subsequently, we proved for the first time that QIG extract also triggered autophagic cell death in CRC cells, which together with apoptosis contributed to the cytotoxic effect on CRC cells. Further investigation revealed that QIG-induced cytotoxicity associated with intracellular ROS accumulation which could suppress the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and then induce autophagy and inhibit cell growth. Besides, Erk signaling pathway was also involved in the process of autophagic cell death. Moreover, QIG extract also influenced EMT process and inhibited CRC cell migration.

Conclusion
Altogether, this study provides a basis for the utilization of QIG as an alternative medicine for CRC prevention and treatment.
Dietary fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota, and type 2 diabetes: results from two large human cohort studies
Authors: Jiang Zengliang , Sun Ting-yu , He Yan , Gou Wanglong , Zuo Luo-shi-yuan , Fu Yuanqing , Miao Zelei , Shuai Menglei , Xu Fengzhe , Xiao Congmei , Liang Yuhui , Wang Jiali , Xu Yisong , Jing Li-peng , Ling Wenhua , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Yu-ming , Zheng Ju-Sheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the inter-relationship among fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota and metabolites, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human prospective cohort study. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prospective association of fruit and vegetable intake with human gut microbiota and to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable-related gut microbiota and their related metabolites with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.

Methods
This study included 1879 middle-age elderly Chinese adults from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Baseline dietary information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (2008–2013). Fecal samples were collected at follow-up (2015–2019) and analyzed for 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted fecal metabolomics. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin. We used multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models to investigate the prospective associations of fruit and vegetable intake with gut microbiota and the association of the identified gut microbiota (fruit/vegetable-microbiota index) and their related fecal metabolites with T2D risk, respectively. Replications were performed in an independent cohort involving 6626 participants.

Results
In the GNHS, dietary fruit intake, but not vegetable, was prospectively associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition. The fruit-microbiota index (FMI, created from 31 identified microbial features) was positively associated with fruit intake (p < 0.001) and inversely associated with T2D risk (odds ratio (OR) 0.83, 95%CI 0.71–0.97). The FMI-fruit association (p = 0.003) and the FMI-T2D association (OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.84–0.97) were both successfully replicated in the independent cohort. The FMI-positive associated metabolite sebacic acid was inversely associated with T2D risk (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.51–0.86). The FMI-negative associated metabolites cholic acid (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.13–1.62), 3-dehydrocholic acid (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.09–1.54), oleylcarnitine (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.45–2.20), linoleylcarnitine (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.37–2.05), palmitoylcarnitine (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.33–2.02), and 2-hydroglutaric acid (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.25–1.72) were positively associated with T2D risk.

Conclusions
Higher fruit intake-associated gut microbiota and metabolic alteration were associated with a lower risk of T2D, supporting the public dietary recommendation of adopting high fruit intake for the T2D prevention.
Evaluation of fish skin as a biological dressing for metacarpal wounds in donkeys
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed , Soliman Mahmoud , Kotb Saber , Ali Magda M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of biological dressings has recently emerged in the management of burns and wounds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Nile tilapia skin as a biological dressing for full-thickness cutaneous metacarpal wounds in donkeys. The study was conducted on nine clinically healthy donkeys (n = 9). Here, fish skin dressings were obtained from fresh Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticusand sterilized by immersion in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) solution for 5 min, with no change in collagen content. Bilateral, circular full-thickness excisional skin wounds (2 cm in diameter) were created on the dorsal aspect of the mid-metacarpals of each donkey. Wounds on the right metacarpals (treated wounds,n = 9) were dressed with sterile fish skins, while wounds on the left metacarpals (control wounds,n = 9) were dressed with sterile non-adherent dressing pads without any topical applications. Wound dressings were changed weekly. Wounds were evaluated microbiologically, grossly, and histologically on days 7, 14, and 21 post-wound inductions.ResultsFish skin-dressed wounds showed a significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in microbial counts (Total viable bacterial count, Staphylococcal count, and Coliform count), a significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in the wound size, and a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in the epithelial gap compared to the untreated wounds. No frequent dressing changes were needed.ConclusionsFish skin dressing accelerated the wound healing process and efficiently inhibited the local microbial activity and exuberant granulation tissue formation suggesting its reliable and promising application for metacarpal wounds of donkeys.
First report on the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in the endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in China
Authors: Huang Si-Yang , Gong Jing-Zhi , Ren Yi-Jun , Pan Ming , Cai Wei-Min , Fan Yi-Min , Yao Na 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Fasciola hepatica is an important zoonotic parasite that causes fasciolosis in a broad range of animals. No information is available about the prevalence of F. hepatica in Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus), an endangered species in the world. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of fasciolosis in Père David’s deer in the Dafeng Elk National Natural Reserve, Jiangsu province, China.

Results
In this study, 142 fecal samples from Père David’s deer were analyzed for F. hepatica by microscopy and nest-PCR. Only one sample was positive for F. hepatica according to microscopy examination, while 18 of 142 (12.68, 95%CI: 2.841–22.45%) samples were positive for F. hepatica according to nest-PCR results.

Conclusions
This is the first report of prevalence of F. hepatica in Père David’s deer. The prevalence data indicated that F. hepatica was also present in this endangered animal, which may cause a potential threat to this precious species.
The dysregulated innate immune response in severe COVID-19 pneumonia that could drive poorer outcome
Authors: Blot Mathieu , Bour Jean-Baptiste , Quenot Jean Pierre , Bourredjem Abderrahmane , Nguyen Maxime , Guy Julien , Monier Serge , Georges Marjolaine , Large Audrey , Dargent Auguste , Guilhem Alexandre , Mouries-Martin Suzanne , Barben Jeremy , Bouhemad Belaid , Charles Pierre-Emmanuel , Chavanet Pascal , Binquet Christine , Piroth Lionel ,   for the LYMPHONIE study group, Andreu Pascal , Aptel François , Labruyère Marie , Prin Sébastien , Beltramo Guillaume , Bonniaud Philippe , Bielefeld Philip , Devilliers Hervé , Bonnotte Bernard , Buisson Marielle , Putot Alain 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Although immune modulation is a promising therapeutic avenue in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the most relevant targets remain to be found. COVID-19 has peculiar characteristics and outcomes, suggesting a unique immunopathogenesis.

Methods
Thirty-six immunocompetent non-COVID-19 and 27 COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia were prospectively enrolled in a single center, most requiring intensive care. Clinical and biological characteristics (including T cell phenotype and function and plasma concentrations of 30 cytokines) and outcomes were compared.

Results
At similar baseline respiratory severity, COVID-19 patients required mechanical ventilation for significantly longer than non-COVID-19 patients (15 [7–22] vs. 4 (0–15) days; p = 0.0049). COVID-19 patients had lower levels of most classical inflammatory cytokines (G-CSF, CCL20, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, TNF-α, TGF-β), but higher plasma concentrations of CXCL10, GM-CSF and CCL5, compared to non-COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients displayed similar T-cell exhaustion to non-COVID-19 patients, but with a more unbalanced inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine response (IL-6/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios). Principal component analysis identified two main patterns, with a clear distinction between non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that GM-CSF, CXCL10 and IL-10 levels were independently associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion
We identified a unique cytokine response, with higher plasma GM-CSF and CXCL10 in COVID-19 patients that were independently associated with the longer duration of mechanical ventilation. These cytokines could represent the dysregulated immune response in severe COVID-19, as well as promising therapeutic targets.
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03505281.
Increasing serum alkaline phosphatase is associated with bone deformity progression for patients with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Wang Jun , Du Zhiye , Li Dasen , Yang Rongli , XiaodongTang  , Yan Taiqiang , Guo Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare bone disorder in which normal intramedullary bone is replaced by fibro-osseous tissue, which is complicated by the progression of Shepherd’s crook deformity. How to predict the progression of Shepherd’s crook deformity is still a challenging for the orthopedic surgeon.

Methods
A total of 159 cases were reviewed in the retrospective study between January 2000 and September 2016. Clinical and monitoring data were collected. We analyzed the correlationship between the bone turnover markers and other parameters (age, gender, FD type, deformity, BMI, and lesion location).

Results
Age, gender, lesion location, lesion type, and shepherd’s crook deformity had a close relationship with preoperative ALP level in the univariate analysis, and the multivariate analysis showed age, gender, lesion type, and shepherd’s crook deformity had the significant relationship with the preoperative serum ALP level. The surgery could remove the bone lesion and suppressed the abnormal bone metabolism. Furthermore, the preoperative ALP level of FD patients with the shepherd’s crook deformity was obviously higher than that without deformity, and the preoperative calcium and phosphorus levels of FD patients with deformity were significantly lower than that without deformity. Notably, for some patients with progression of the shepherd’s crook deformity during the follow-up, ALP increased to the high level and at that time X-ray showed the shepherd’s crook deformity severely progressing.

Conclusions
PFD with higher serum ALP level has obvious tendency to progress severely, and risk factors of progression to the deformity are the condition of bony metabolism and FD type. The deformity of PFD may be related to high speed of bone turnover, which is exactly reflected by the levels of serum ALP and calcium. Evaluation of patients with FD should include a thorough evaluation of calcium/phosphate metabolism and bone turnover.
The impact of COVID-19 on rare metabolic patients and healthcare providers: results from two MetabERN surveys
Authors:   MetabERN collaboration group, Lampe C. , Dionisi-Vici C. , Bellettato C. M. , Paneghetti L. , van Lingen C. , Bond S. , Brown C. , Finglas A. , Francisco R. , Sestini S. , Heard J. M. , Scarpa M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused disruption in all aspects of daily life, including the management and treatment of rare inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). To perform a preliminary assessment of the incidence of COVID-19 in IMD patients and the impact of the coronavirus emergency on the rare metabolic community between March and April 2020, the European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN) has performed two surveys: one directed to patients’ organizations (PO) and one directed to healthcare providers (HCPs). The COVID-19 incidence in the population of rare metabolic patients was lower than that of the general European population (72.9 × 100,000 vs. 117 × 100,000). However, patients experienced extensive disruption of care, with the majority of appointments and treatments cancelled, reduced, or postponed. Almost all HCPs (90%) were able to substitute face-to-face visits with telemedicine, about half of patients facing treatment changes switched from hospital to home therapy, and a quarter reported difficulties in getting their medicines. During the first weeks of emergency, when patients and families lacked relevant information, most HCPs contacted their patients to provide them with support and information. Since IMD patients require constant follow-up and treatment adjustments to control their disease and avoid degradation of their condition, the results of our surveys are relevant for national health systems in order to ensure appropriate care for IMD patients.
They highlight strong links in an interconnected community of HCPs and PO, who are able to work quickly and effectively together to support and protect fragile persons during crisis. However, additional studies are needed to better appreciate the actual impact of COVID-19 on IMD patients’ health and the mid- and long-term effects of the pandemic on their wellbeing.
Point-of-care ultrasound for evaluating intra-abdominal calcification in the pediatric emergency department: case series and review of literature
Authors: James Vigil , Samuel John , Kee Chor Yek , Ong Gene Yong-Kwang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The presence of intra-abdominal calcification in the pediatric population can be due to a wide range of conditions. Calcification in the abdomen can be seen in normal or abnormal anatomical structures. In some patients, abnormal calcification points towards the pathology; whereas in others, calcification itself is the pathology. After a thorough history and clinical examination, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) would complement the assessment of acute abdominal pain, based on the list of differentials generated as per the abdominal region. The main objective of this article is to review commonly encountered causes of intra-abdominal calcifications in the pediatric population and help in clinical decision-making in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Case presentation
We describe a series of pediatric patients who presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with acute abdominal pain, in whom point-of-care ultrasound helped expedite the diagnosis by identifying varying types of calcification and associated sonological findings. For children who present to the Pediatric Emergency Department with significant abdominal pain, a rapid distinction between emergencies and non-emergencies is vital to decrease morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions
In a child presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department with abdominal pain, POCUS and the findings of calcifications can narrow or expand the differential diagnosis when integrated with history and physical exam, to a specific anatomic structure. Integrating these findings with additional sonological findings of an underlying pathology might raise sufficient concerns in the emergency physicians to warrant further investigations for the patient in the form of a formal radiological ultrasound and assist in the patient's early disposition. The use of POCUS might also help to categorize the type of calcification to one of the four main categories of intra-abdominal calcifications, namely concretions, conduit wall calcification, cyst wall calcification, and solid mass-type calcification. POCUS used thoughtfully can give a diagnosis and expand differential diagnosis, reduce cognitive bias, and reduce physician mental load. By integrating the use of POCUS with the history and clinical findings, it will be possible to expedite the management in children who present to the Pediatric Emergency Department with acute abdominal pain.
The pleiotropic role of p53 in functional/dysfunctional neurons: focus on pathogenesis and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Abate Giulia , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Bourdon Jean-Christophe , Piccirella Simona , Memo Maurizio , Uberti Daniela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the earliest pathophysiological changes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may aid in the search for timely diagnostic biomarkers and effective disease-modifying therapies. The p53 protein is mostly known for its role in tumor suppression. However, emerging evidence supports that dysregulated p53 activity may contribute to various peripheral and brain alterations during the earliest stages of AD. This review describes the mechanisms through which p53 dysregulation may exacerbate AD pathology and how this could be used as a potential peripheral biomarker for early detection of the disease.Main bodyp53, known as the guardian of the genome, may underlie various compensation or defense mechanisms that prevent neurons from degeneration. These mechanisms include maintenance of redox homeostasis, regulation of inflammation, control of synaptic function, reduction of amyloid β peptides, and inhibition of neuronal cell cycle re-entry. Thereby, dysregulation of p53-dependent compensation mechanisms may contribute to neuronal dysfunction, thus leading to neurodegeneration. Interestingly, a conformational misfolded variant of p53, described in the literature as unfolded p53, which has lost its canonical structure and function, was observed in peripheral cells from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. In AD pathology, this peculiar conformational variant was caused by post-translational modifications rather than mutations as commonly observed in cancer. Although the presence of the conformational variant of p53 in the brain has yet to be formally demonstrated, the plethora of p53-dependent compensation mechanisms underscores that the guardian of the genome may not only be lost in the periphery during AD pathology.ConclusionThese findings revisit the role of p53 in the early development and exacerbation of AD pathology, both in the brain and periphery. The conformational variant of p53 represents a potential peripheral biomarker that could detect AD at its earliest stages.
Pseudotumor cerebri in patient on leuprolide acetate for central precocious puberty
Authors: Omar Anjumanara Anver , Nyaga Godfrey , Mungai Lucy N Wainaina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are well established as a standard of care for the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP) worldwide. While numerous delivery systems and routes of administration exist, depot intramuscular injections or sustained-release preparations have been most widely used. Leuprolide acetate is well tolerated among children though some can develop some complications.

Case presentation
We present a case report of a 6.5 year old girl with central precocious puberty who developed signs of pseudotumor cerebri after 2 doses of leuprolide acetate 3.75 mg given monthly. Systemic exam and other tests to look for the cause did not yield anything. However, fundoscopy showed marked papilloedema with blurred disc margins. After six weeks’ treatment with acetazolamide and withdrawal of the GRNHa the papilloedema resolved.

Conclusions
If a patient presents with complaints such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and double vision in pediatric patients treated with GnRH analogue one should highly consider the presence of pseudotumor cerebri and fundus examination be performed.
A flexible framework for sequential estimation of model parameters in computational hemodynamics
Authors: Arthurs Christopher J. , Xiao Nan , Moireau Philippe , Schaeffter Tobias , Figueroa C. Alberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA major challenge in constructing three dimensional patient specific hemodynamic models is the calibration of model parameters to match patient data on flow, pressure, wall motion, etc. acquired in the clinic. Current workflows are manual and time-consuming. This work presents a flexible computational framework for model parameter estimation in cardiovascular flows that relies on the following fundamental contributions. (i) A Reduced-Order Unscented Kalman Filter (ROUKF) model for data assimilation for wall material and simple lumped parameter network (LPN) boundary condition model parameters. (ii) A constrained least squares augmentation (ROUKF-CLS) for more complex LPNs. (iii) A “Netlist” implementation, supporting easy filtering of parameters in such complex LPNs. The ROUKF algorithm is demonstrated using non-invasive patient-specific data on anatomy, flow and pressure from a healthy volunteer. The ROUKF-CLS algorithm is demonstrated using synthetic data on a coronary LPN. The methods described in this paper have been implemented as part of the CRIMSON hemodynamics software package.
Memory-dependent derivative approach on magneto-thermoelastic transversely isotropic medium with two temperatures
Authors: Kaur Iqbal , Lata Parveen , Singh Kulvinder 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present investigation is to examine the memory-dependent derivatives (MDD) in 2D transversely isotropic homogeneous magneto thermoelastic medium with two temperatures. The problem is solved using Laplace transforms and Fourier transform technique. In order to estimate the nature of the displacements, stresses and temperature distributions in the physical domain, an efficient approximate numerical inverse Fourier and Laplace transform technique is adopted. The distribution of displacements, temperature and stresses in the homogeneous medium in the context of generalized thermoelasticity using LS (Lord-Shulman) theory is discussed and obtained in analytical form. The effect of memory-dependent derivatives is represented graphically.
Outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae at a military academy
Authors: Zhang Xin , Han Min-Na , Dong Jing-Hui , Li Xiao-Xi , Hu Xian-Yun , Wang Zhi , Qin En-Qiang , Li Jing , Tan Jun-Yuan , Wang Fu-Sheng , Huang Lei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn 2019, an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae occurred at a military academy in China. The attack rate (10.08%,60/595) was significantly different among the units. High-intensity training and crowded environments to which cadets are exposed are the high risk factors for the outbreak of M. pneumoniae. In-time prevention and control measures effectively controlled the spread of the epidemic.