bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two new nematode species of the genus Paratrilobus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda, Triplonchida) from the water area of Lake Baikal (Russia)
Authors: Naumova Tatyana V. , Gagarin Vladimir G. 
Published: November 2020

This paper describes and illustrates two new nematode species of the genus Paratrilobus Micoletzky, 1922. The species Paratrilobus tankhoyensis sp. nov. was found at the estuary of the Pereyomnaya River (water area of Lake Baikal, near the Tankhoy railway station). Paratrilobus tankhoyensis sp. nov. is most similar to P. expugnator (Tsalolichin, 1976) in the body size, but differs in the comparatively thin body, shorter and thicker tail, shorter stoma and spicules. Another new species, Paratrilobus aquaticus sp. nov., was found in Posolsk Bank (natural underwater elevation of the bottom between the southern and central basins of Lake Baikal). The species is similar to P. granulosus Gagarin & Naumova, 2011 and P. ultimus (Tsalolichin, 1977) in the structure of the precloacal supplements. It differs from the former in the absence of crystalloids, a comparatively longer pharynx, longer stoma and outer labial setae as well as the absence of subterminal seta. It differs from the latter in a longer pharynx, stoma and longer outer labial setae as well as a longer and more slender tail. We also discuss diagnostic features of the males of the genus Paratrilobus.
Effects of microhabitat on rodent-mediated seed removal of endangered Kmeria septentrionalis in the karst habitat
Authors: Wang Guohai , Pan Yang , Qin Guole , Tan Weining , Lu Changhu 
Published: November 2020

Seed removal behaviors of rodents are largely influenced by microhabitat. Although the karst ecosystem is composed of a broad variety of microhabitats, we have no information on how they affect such behaviors. We investigated rodents’ seed removal behaviors in four karst microhabitats (stone cavern, stone groove, stone surface, and soil surface) using three types of Kmeria septentrionalis seeds: fresh, black (intact seeds with black aril that dehydrates and darkens), and exposed (clean seeds without the aril). We show that Rattus norvegicus, Leopoldamys edwardsi and Rattus flavipectus were the predominant seed predators. Even though all seed types experienced a high removal rate in all four microhabitats, but rodents preferentially removed seeds from the three stone microhabitats (stone caves: 69.71 ± 2.74%; stone surface: 60.53 ± 2.90%; stone groove: 56.94 ± 2.91%) compared to the soil surface (53.90 ± 2.92%). Seeds that had been altered by being exposed to the environment were more attractive to rodents than fresh seeds (76.25 ± 2.20% versus 36.18 ± 2.29%). The seed removal behavior of rodents was significantly affected by the microhabitat and seed type. Finally, seeds that had fallen on the soil surface microhabitat incurred a lower predation risk than seeds fallen on other microhabitats, which increased their probability to germinate. Our results indicate that the lower predation rate of seeds from the endangered K. septentrionalis dropped on the soil surface increases trees’ likelihood of survival.
Composition of Fatty Acids, Total Sterols and Total Polyphenol Content of the Oils of Six Oilseeds in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Claude Yao N'guessan Jean , Augustin Adima Amissa , Florence Niamke Bobelé , Félix Adje Anoh 
Published: November 2020

Aims: This study aims to determine the fatty acid, sterol and total polyphenol composition of Ricinodendron heudelotii, Terminalia catappa, Moringa oleifera, Cyperus esculentus, Sesamum indicum and Coula edulis oils.
Study Design: Plant material consisting of almonds of Ricinodendron. heudelotii, Terminalia catappa, Moringa oleifera, rhizomes of, Cyperus esculentus, seeds of Sesamum indicum and hazelnuts of Coula edulis were collected in different producing areas of Côte d'Ivoire in 2017.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted between November 2017 and June 2018 at the Laboratory of Industrial Processes, Synthesis, Environment and New Energies, National Polytechnic Institute Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire.
Methodology: The extraction of oil from the oil-bearing organs of different plants was carried out by maceration of the crushed parts of these organs in hexane at a crushed/solvent ratio of 1:10 (grams/volume) for 6 hours at cold temperature. These oils were analyzed by gas chromatography for the determination of fatty acid profile, then by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer for the determination of sterols and Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer for the quantification of polyphenols.
Results: The results show a fatty acid composition of the different oils dominated by four fatty acids: oleic (18.89 - 93.93%), linoleic (1.03 - 43.2%), palmitic (2.65 - 35.6%) and stearic (1.09 - 11.66%). We also note average unsaponifiable matter (0.5 - 1.71%) and sterols dominated by sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol. Concerning polyphenols, the values obtained range from 52.09 to 863.67 µg gallic acid equivalent/g oil.
Conclusion: The presence of sterols, phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids in interesting proportions show that these oils are important sources of edible oils beneficial to human health.
Effect of Weed Management Practices on Weed Growth and Yield of Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in Southern Rajasthan
Authors: Verma Arvind , Choudhary Roshan 
Published: November 2020

A Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) during 2016-17 to find out the impact of new generation herbicides in green gram. The results revealed that all growth and yield characters of blackgram were significantly affected by distinct weed control practices. A similar trend was also observed in weed parameters. Higher seed yield (13.8 qha-1) and higher weed control efficiency (88.97%) were recorded under application of acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl (370 g a.i. ha-1) at 3-4 leaf stage and which comparable with pre-emergence application of pyroxasulfone +pendimethalin (TM) 127.5+1000 g a.i/ha, imazethapyr+ quizalofop (TM) use at 70 + 60 g a.i/ha at 3-4 leaf stage, imazethapyr 70 g a.i/ha 3-4 leaf stage, imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) use at 70 g a.i/ha at 3-4 leaf stage, pendimethalin fb quizalofop 1000 + 60 at pre-emergence & 3- 4 leaf stage, imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) 1000 g a.i/ha as pre-emergence, propaquizfop 75 g a.i/ha at 3-4 leaf stage, weedy check and two hand weeding twice at 20 & 40 DAS. They also recorded improvement in yields and net returns by 65.22% over weedy check. These herbicide ready-mixes may be a promising weed management strategy for the green gram grown in the Southern Rajasthan.
Angiographic Study of the Anatomical Variations of the Anterior Communicating Artery Complex
Authors: Eissa Mohamed Ali , Ganna Ahmed , Amer Mohamed , Shakal Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The anterior communicating artery complex consists of two anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), the anterior communicating artery (AComA) and the recurrent arteries of Heubner. ACA is divided into the three segments; A1 originating from the internal carotid artery, A2 extending from AComA and A3 also known as the pericallosal artery. The anatomical variations of the ACoA complex are not adequately discussed. The aim of this study is to detect the anatomical variations in the ACoA complex in patients that don’t have any intracranial vascular pathology.
Aims: The present study determines the anatomical Variations of the anterior communicating artery complex.
Patients and Methods: The study group consists of 70 subjects, using Digital Subtraction Angiography and Computed Tomography Angiography to visualize the vascular anatomy.
Results: About 14.29% (10 patients) Aplastic ACoA, 7.14% (5 patients) have unilateral A1 ACA segment hypoplasia, 2.86% (2 patients) have unilateral A1 ACA segment aplasia.
Conclusion: The most common anatomical variant is Aplastic ACoA.
Antioxidant Traits and Protective Impact of Vorinostat against Cisplatin Induced Hepatoxicity in Rats
Authors: Eweis Hala Salah Abdel Kawy , Bashraf Omnyah Mohammad Omar , Ali Ahmed Shaker , Ali Soad Shaker 
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: Cisplatin "cis diamminedichloroplatinum [II] (CDDP) is the most widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy and hepatotoxicity is one of its major side effects. Vorinostat (VST) has been recognized to have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in low doses. The present study aimed to explore the potential protective effects of low dose VST against CDDP induced-liver toxicity in male Wistar rats.
Methods: The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats each); I-control group, II-CDDP group (7.5 mg/kg I.P. single dose 5 days before the end of the experiment) III-, VST group (15 mg/kg/day by gastric gavage for 28 days) and IV-CDDP + VST group (as in group II & III). Blood and livers samples were collected at the day 28th for biochemical and histopathological examinations.
Results: Administration of CDDP significantly decrease hepatic GSH levels and increase serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and hepatic MDA, p53, TNF-α, and NF-κB levels compared to control. Pretreatment with VST significantly attenuated all unfavorable changes in these parameters. Histopathological analysis showed that VST significantly decreased liver inflammatory and degenerative changes induced by CDDP. VST also significantly increased Bcl-2 and decreased Caspas-3 immunoexpression in hepatic tissues.
Conclusion: VST alleviates CDDP induced hepatic toxicity in rats by modulating MDA, p53, TNF-α, and NF-κB. It also significantly increased Bcl-2 and decreased Caspase-3.
Remotely Ameliorating Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Via a Near‐Infrared Laser
Authors: Yan Jun , Li Chenxi , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes, lowly responsive to insulin injection, is a difficult chronic disease which requires therapeutic breakthroughs. Herein, a new concept is proposed to remotely control the glucose metabolism by a near‐infrared (NIR) laser for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for the first time. This method integrates fluorescent upconversion nanoparticles with the optogenetic technique to selectively activate the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/AKT signaling pathways, in an insulin‐independent manner for type 2 diabetic treatments. It features fast responsiveness (in seconds) to NIR, deep tissue penetration (up to centimeters), and tunable dosage by adjusting laser irradiation. Successful glucose metabolic regulation has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, thus offering the possibility of developing new alternative strategies to meet the clinical challenges in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Shelf‐Stable Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with High Operational Performance
Authors: Chen Desui , Chen Dong , Dai Xingliang , Zhang Zhenxing , Lin Jian , Deng Yunzhou , Hao Yanlei , Zhang Ci , Zhu Haiming , Gao Feng , Jin Yizheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) promise a new generation of high‐performance, large‐area, and cost‐effective electroluminescent devices for both display and solid‐state lighting technologies. However, a positive ageing process is generally required to improve device performance for state‐of‐the‐art QLEDs. Here, it is revealed that the in situ reactions induced by organic acids in the commonly used encapsulation acrylic resin lead to positive ageing and, most importantly, the progression of in situ reactions inevitably results in negative ageing, i.e., deterioration of device performance after long‐term shelf storage. In‐depth mechanism studies focusing on the correlations between the in situ chemical reactions and the shelf‐ageing behaviors of QLEDs inspire the design of an electron‐transporting bilayer, which delivers both improved electrical conductivity and suppressed interfacial exciton quenching. This material innovation enables red QLEDs exhibiting neglectable changes of external quantum efficiency (>20.0%) and ultralong operational lifetime (T95: 5500 h at 1000 nits) after storage for 180 days. This work provides design principles for oxide electron‐transporting layers to realize shelf‐stable and high‐operational‐performance QLEDs, representing a new starting point for both fundamental studies and practical applications.
How Tribo‐Oxidation Alters the Tribological Properties of Copper and Its Oxides
Authors: Lehmann Julia S. , Schwaiger Ruth , Rinke Monika , Greiner Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTribochemical reactions in many applications determine the performance and lifetime of individual parts or entire engineering systems. The underlying processes are however not yet fully understood. Here, the tribological properties of copper and its oxides are investigated under mild tribological loading and for dry sliding. The oxides represent the late stages of a copper–sapphire tribo‐contact, once the whole copper surface is covered with an oxide. For this purpose, high‐purity copper, thermally‐oxidized and sintered Cu2O and CuO samples are tribologically loaded and eventually formed wear particles analyzed. The tribological behavior of the oxides is found to be beneficial for a reduction of the coefficient of friction (COF), mainly due to an increase in hardness. The results reveal tribochemical reactions when copper oxides are present, irrespective of whether they form during sliding or are existent from the beginning. Most strikingly, a reduction of copper oxide to metallic copper is observed in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. A more accurate understanding of tribo‐oxidation will allow for manufacturing well‐defined surfaces with enhanced tribological properties. This paves the way for extending the lifetime of contacts evincing tribo‐oxidation.
Electron Delocalization and Dissolution‐Restraint in Vanadium Oxide Superlattices to Boost Electrochemical Performance of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Weijie , Han Chao , Gu Qinfen , Chou Shu‐Lei , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have triggered a great deal of scientific research and become a promising alternative for large‐scale energy storage applications, owing to the unique merits of high volumetric energy density, abundance of zinc resources, eco‐friendliness, and safety. The pace of progress of ZIB development, however, is hindered by their poor reversibility and sluggish kinetics, derived from the dissolution of active materials in aqueous electrolytes and the strong electrostatic interactions between Zn2+ and the cathode lattice. Herein, a vanadium oxide (V2O5‐x)/polyaniline (PANI‐V) superlattice structure is demonstrated as a model of superlattice structural engineering to overcome these weaknesses. In this superlattice, the PANI layer not only plays the role of a spacer to expand the V2O5‐x interlayer spacing but also serves as a conductive capacity contributor. Moreover, the PANI layer servers as structural stabilizer to restrain the dissolution of V2O5‐x active materials in aqueous electrolytes. In addition, it introduces an interface effect to modulate the charge distribution of the V2O5‐x monolayer, promoting Zn‐ion diffusion into the structure. Correspondingly, weakening the electrostatic interactions and supressing the active materials dissolution synergistically boosts the electrochemical performance for Zn‐ion storage. This work paves the way for the development/improvement of cathodes for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Defining an Ultrasound‐guided Regional Anesthesia Curriculum for Emergency Medicine
Authors: Tucker Ryan V. , Peterson William J. , Mink Jennifer T. , Taylor Lindsay A. , Leech Stephen J. , Nagdev Arun D. , Leo Megan , Liu Rachel , Stolz Lori A. , Kessler Ross , Boulger Creagh T. , Situ‐LaCasse Elaine H. , Avila Jacob O. , Huang Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesUltrasound‐guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) can be a powerful tool in the treatment of painful conditions commonly encountered in emergency medicine (EM) practice. UGRA can benefit patients while avoiding the risks of procedural sedation and opioid‐based systemic analgesia. Despite these advantages, many EM trainees do not receive focused education in UGRA and there is no published curriculum specifically for EM physicians. The objective of this study was to identify the components of a UGRA curriculum for EM physicians.MethodsA list of potential curriculum elements was developed through an extensive literature review. An expert panel was convened that included 13 ultrasound faculty members from 12 institutions and from a variety of practice environments and diverse geographical regions. The panel voted on curriculum elements through two rounds of a modified Delphi process.ResultsThe panelists voted on 178 total elements, 110 background knowledge elements, and 68 individual UGRA techniques. A high level of agreement was achieved for 65 background knowledge elements from the categories: benefits to providers and patients, indications, contraindications, risks, ultrasound skills, procedural skills, sterile technique, local anesthetics, and educational resources. Ten UGRA techniques achieved consensus: interscalene brachial plexus, supraclavicular brachial plexus, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, serratus anterior plane, fascia iliaca, femoral nerve, popliteal sciatic nerve, and posterior tibial nerve blocks.ConclusionsThe defined curriculum represents ultrasound expert opinion on a curriculum for training practicing EM physicians. This curriculum can be used to guide the development and implementation of more robust UGRA education for both residents and independent providers.
Genetic analysis for carrier diagnosis in hemophilia A and B in the Mexican population: 25 years of experience
Authors: González‐Ramos Isaura‐Araceli , Mantilla‐Capacho Johanna‐Milena , Luna‐Záizar Hilda , Mundo‐Ayala Jessica‐Noemi , Lara‐Navarro Irving‐Jair , Ornelas‐Ricardo Diana , González Alcázar José‐Ángel , Evangelista‐Castro Natalia , Jaloma‐Cruz Ana Rebeca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur 25 years of experience in carrier diagnosis of hemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) in Mexican population comprises linkage analysis of intragenic F8/F9 neutral variants along with, in severe HA (SHA), detection of F8 int22h and int1h inversions. In symptomatic carriers (SCs) we explored Lyonization to explain their symtomatology. From a DNA‐Bank of 3,000 samples, intragenic restriction fragment length (RFLPs) and short tandem repeats (STRs) of F8/F9 genes were assessed by PCR‐PAGE and GeneScan. In SHA patients, F8 inversions were detected by inverse shifting‐PCR/diagnostic and complementary tests. In SCs, we evaluated hemorrhagic symptoms, clotting FVIII/FIX and X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI) patterns were assessed by HUMARA assay and the search of XIST promoter pathogenic variants. Informativeness of linkage analysis for HA carrier diagnosis with RFLP's/STR's increased to 74% and reached 80% with five RFLPs for HB. Combined Inv22/Inv1 diagnosed 113 possible carriers, three de novo Inv22‐1, and confirmed 45 mothers as obligate or sporadic carriers. Among 21 SCs, four showed extreme skewed XCI pattern (~80:20) but had normal karyotype and no C43G pathogenic variant in XIST promoter. Clotting FVIII/FIX correlated with the active X in leukocytes. Our data integrate the largest comprehensive research worldwide on the molecular diagnosis of HA and HB carriers in terms of the number of studied and diagnosed cases, in addition to the genetic analysis in SCs. Intragenic RFLPs and STRs of F8/F9 genes along with F8 int22h/int1h inversions in SHA emerge as optimal variants for molecular diagnosis in Mexican population. In counseling SCs, inheritance of skewed X‐inactivation should be considered.
Dexterity and technique in termite fishing by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo
Authors: Osuna‐Mascaró Antonio J. , Ortiz Camila , Stolz Caroline , Musgrave Stephanie , Sanz Crickette M. , Morgan David B. , Fragaszy Dorothy M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough the phenomenon of termite fishing by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) has historical and theoretical importance for primatology, we still have a limited understanding of how chimpanzees accomplish this activity, and in particular, about details of skilled actions and the nature of individual variation in fishing techniques. We examined movements, hand positions, grips, and other details from remote video footage of seven adult and subadult female chimpanzees using plant probes to extractMacrotermes muelleritermites from epigeal nests. Six chimpanzees used exclusively one hand (left or right) to grip the probe during termite fishing. All chimpanzees used the same repertoire of actions to insert, adjust, and withdraw the probe but differed in the frequency of use of particular actions. Chimpanzees have been described as eating termites in two ways—directly from the probe or by sweeping them from the probe with one hand. We describe a third technique: sliding the probe between the digits of one stationary hand as the probe is extracted from the nest. The sliding technique requires complementary bimanual coordination (extracting with one hand and grasping lightly with the other, at the same time). We highlight the importance of actions with two hands—one gripping, one assisting—in termite fishing and discuss how probing techniques are correlated with performance. Additional research on digital function and on environmental, organismic, and task constraints will further reveal manual dexterity in termite fishing.
Biphasic cortical macro‐ and microstructural changes in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Montal Victor , Vilaplana Eduard , Pegueroles Jordi , Bejanin Alexandre , Alcolea Daniel , Carmona‐Iragui María , Clarimón Jordi , Levin Johannes , Cruchaga Carlos , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Noble James M. , Lee Jae‐Hong , Allegri Ricardo , Karch Celeste M. , Laske Christoph , Schofield Peter R. , Salloway Stephen , Ances Beau , Benzinger Tammie , McDale Eric , Bateman Randall , Blesa Rafael , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Lleó Alberto , Fortea Juan ,   for the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN)
Published: November 2020

AbstractINTRODUCTIONA biphasic model for brain structural changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) could reconcile some conflicting and paradoxical findings in observational studies and anti‐amyloid clinical trials.METHODSIn this study we tested this model fitting linear versus quadratic trajectories and computed the timing of the inflection points vertexwise of cortical thickness and cortical diffusivity—a novel marker of cortical microstructure—changes in 389 participants from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network.RESULTSIn early preclinical AD, between 20 and 15 years before estimated symptom onset, we found increases in cortical thickness and decreases in cortical diffusivity followed by cortical thinning and cortical diffusivity increases in later preclinical and symptomatic stages. The inflection points 16 to 19 years before estimated symptom onset are in agreement with the start of tau biomarker alterations.DISCUSSIONThese findings confirm a biphasic trajectory for brain structural changes and have direct implications when interpreting magnetic resonance imaging measures in preventive AD clinical trials.