bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field‐scale apparent soil electrical conductivity
Authors: Corwin Dennis L. , Scudiero Elia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoils are notoriously spatially heterogeneous and many soil properties are temporally variable. Spatial variability of soil properties has a profound influence on agricultural and environmental processes, such as plant–water–soil interactions, water flow, and solute transport, resulting in within‐field plant yield variation and degradation of soil quality, to mention only a few. Field‐scale mapping of spatial variability and monitoring of temporally dynamic soil properties is necessary for a variety of edaphic activities, such as soil surveys, reclamation, crop selection, sitespecific management, and soil quality assessment. There are various approaches for characterizing soil spatial variability, but none of these has been as extensively investigated and is as reliable and cost effective as apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) directed soil sampling. Geospatial measurements of ECa are well suited for characterizing the spatial distribution of soil properties because they are reliable, quick, and easy to take with GPS‐based mobilized ECa measurement equipment. Directed soil sampling based on geo‐referenced measurements of ECa is a proven and robust means of characterizing the spatial variability of any soil property that influences ECa, including sol salinity, water content, texture, bulk density, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity. It is the goal of this methodology paper to provide an overview of the characterization of soil spatial variability across multiple scales using ECa–directed soil sampling with a focus on the field scale. Mobile ECa equipment, protocols, guidelines, special considerations, data reliability tests, and strengths and limitations are presented for characterizing spatial and temporal variation in soil properties using ECa–directed soil sampling.
Advances in thermo‐time domain reflectometry technique: Measuring ice content in partially frozen soils
Authors: Tian Zhengchao , Kojima Yuki , Heitman Joshua L. , Horton Robert , Ren Tusheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIce content (θi) is a critical parameter affecting soil thermal, mechanical, and hydraulic properties in cold regions. Few techniques are available for accurately determining θi in laboratory samples and in situ. A combined heat‐pulse and time domain reflectometry (thermo‐TDR) sensor, which measures soil thermal properties and electrical properties simultaneously, can be used to estimate θi. The thermo‐TDR method determines θi by using a heat‐capacity‐based (C‐based) approach or a thermal‐conductivity‐based (λ‐based) approach. Here, we describe the principles and procedures of such approaches. The C‐based thermo‐TDR approach is simple to use and provides reasonable θi values at temperatures below −5°C, but it fails at higher temperatures. The λ‐based approach, which solves for θi from thermo‐TDR measurements with an iterative method, gives more accurate θi estimates than does the C‐based approach and extends the thermo‐TDR measurement range to temperatures near the freezing point of water. Therefore, the λ‐based thermo‐TDR method is preferred for determining θi in partially frozen soils.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped CNT‐Based MOF Hybrids for Adsorptive Desulfurization of the Gas Stream
Authors: Saeedirad Raheleh , Rashidi Alimorad , Daraee Maryam , Bazmi Mansour , Askari Saeed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this research, hybrids of N‐doped carbon nanotube (NCNT)‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) (NCNT/UiO‐66 and NCNT/ZIF‐67) were synthesized using hydrothermal method. The performance of synthesized hybrids was evaluated in hydrogen sulfide removal under a dynamic system at 30–50 °C with 4500 ppm H2S concentration as inlet feed compared with neat UiO‐66 and ZIF‐67. NCNT/UiO‐66 and NCNT/ZIF‐67 were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, BET, and TGA. NCNT/ZIF‐67 and NCNT/UiO‐66 showed good adsorption capability for H2S with a capacity of 189.72 mg/g and 175.77 mg/g, respectively. The surface area of UiO‐66 and ZIF‐67 is (1351 and 1290 m2/g, respectively), and the addition of NCNT leads to the reduced surface area of nano adsorbent hybrids. Also, the performance of hybrids would not change after three cycles of the desulfurization process. These hybrids indicated the excellent potential for a desulfurization process.
Opportunity novelty, improvisation and network adaptation in the internationalization of SwedishSMEs
Authors: Hilmersson Mikael , Johanson Martin , Lundberg Heléne , Papaioannou Stylianos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBy deviating from previous ways of working and improvising new solutions to problems in the internationalization process, small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) will increase the likelihood of developing novel international opportunities. In this way, for instance, unforeseen customer demand, rather than following a specific plan, may govern market choice. Such novel opportunities, in turn, are likely to require network adaptation in order for the firm to reach an insidership position in the international business network. By integrating international opportunity theory with theories on improvisational behavior, three hypotheses are developed between the constructs of international opportunity novelty, improvisation, and network adaptation. The hypotheses were tested with Structural Equation Modelling on 258 realized international opportunities developed by Swedish SMEs (European Union definition: number of employees 10–250) and were observed through on‐site visits. It is revealed that improvisation increases the degree of international opportunity novelty as well as the need for network adaptation. The degree of novelty of realized international opportunities positively influences the need for adaptation to a foreign network. Novelty can be seen as a proxy for opportunity's wealth‐creating potential, and developing improvisation capabilities seems to be a way to increase the novelty of international opportunities developed. Managers that are risk averse and therefore refrain from improvisation risk missing valuable novel opportunities.
Symmetries and stabilisers in modular invariant flavour models
Authors: de Medeiros Varzielas Ivo , Levy Miguel , Zhou Ye-Ling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The idea of modular invariance provides a novel explanation of flavour mixing. Within the context of finite modular symmetries ΓN and for a given element γ ∈ ΓN, we present an algorithm for finding stabilisers (specific values for moduli fields τγ which remain unchanged under the action associated to γ). We then employ this algorithm to find all stabilisers for each element of finite modular groups for N = 2 to 5, namely, Γ2 ≃ S3, Γ3 ≃ A4, Γ4 ≃ S4 and Γ5 ≃ A5. These stabilisers then leave preserved a specific cyclic subgroup of ΓN. This is of interest to build models of fermionic mixing where each fermionic sector preserves a separate residual symmetry.
Axion quality from the (anti)symmetric of SU($$ \mathcal{N} $$)
Authors: Ardu Marco , Di Luzio Luca , Landini Giacomo , Strumia Alessandro , Teresi Daniele , Wang Jin-Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We propose two models where a U(1) Peccei-Quinn global symmetry arises accidentally and is respected up to high-dimensional operators, so that the axion solution to the strong CP problem is successful even in the presence of Planck-suppressed operators. One model is SU($$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
) gauge interactions with fermions in the fundamental and a scalar in the symmetric. The axion arises from spontaneous symmetry breaking to SO($$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
), that confines at a lower energy scale. Axion quality in the model needs $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
≳ 10. SO bound states and possibly monopoles provide extra Dark Matter candidates beyond the axion. In the second model the scalar is in the anti-symmetric: SU($$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
) broken to Sp($$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
) needs even $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
≳ 20. The cosmological DM abundance, consisting of axions and/or super-heavy relics, can be reproduced if the PQ symmetry is broken before inflation (Boltzmann-suppressed production of super-heavy relics) or after (super-heavy relics in thermal equilibrium get partially diluted by dark glue-ball decays).
The potential of quantum annealing for rapid solution structure identification
Authors: Pang Yuchen , Coffrin Carleton , Lokhov Andrey Y. , Vuffray Marc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recent emergence of novel computational devices, such as quantum computers, coherent Ising machines, and digital annealers presents new opportunities for hardware-accelerated hybrid optimization algorithms. Unfortunately, demonstrations of unquestionable performance gains leveraging novel hardware platforms have faced significant obstacles. One key challenge is understanding the algorithmic properties that distinguish such devices from established optimization approaches. Through the careful design of contrived optimization tasks, this work provides new insights into the computation properties of quantum annealing and suggests that this model has the potential to quickly identify the structure of high-quality solutions. A meticulous comparison to a variety of algorithms spanning both complete and local search suggests that quantum annealing’s performance on the proposed optimization tasks is distinct. This result provides new insights into the time scales and types of optimization problems where quantum annealing has the potential to provide notable performance gains over established optimization algorithms and suggests the development of hybrid algorithms that combine the best features of quantum annealing and state-of-the-art classical approaches.
My Meat Does Not Have Feathers: Consumers’ Associations with Pictures of Different Chicken Breeds
Authors: Escobedo del Bosque Cynthia I. , Busch Gesa , Spiller Achim , Risius Antje 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of traditional chicken breeds with a dual purpose (egg and meat production) has become a relevant topic in Germany mainly due to animal welfare concerns and the importance of conserving genetic variability in poultry farming. However, consumers have little knowledge about the different chicken breeds used in the industry; making it challenging to communicate traditional breeds and their advantages to consumers. Hence, this study takes the approach to look at consumers’ perceptions of different breeds. We analyze consumers’ evaluations of pictures showing four dual-purpose chicken breeds. First, an eye-tracking study (n = 24) and think-aloud protocols (n = 28) were used to obtain open associations consumers make with each breed. Based on the results, an online survey was conducted (n = 933) to quantify consumers associations with different breeds and consumers’ interest in meat products with animal pictures on the packaging. Results show that consumers’ attention to pictures of chickens is mostly focused on their body and head, particularly with the Vorwerkhuhn. Consumers associate white breeds to white egg and meat production, while brown breeds are associated to brown egg production. Only a smaller segment of consumers (32%; n = 292), who are more engaged to animal welfare, accept pictures of animals on meat packages. We conclude that the marketing of meat products of traditional chicken breeds by using pictures is not a useful approach for the mass market. However, within smaller market concepts, such pictures can be used to communicate an alternative chicken meat production system that may lead to purchases of traditional dual-purpose breeds.
Anticonvulsant Effectiveness and Neurotoxicity Profile of 4-butyl-5-[(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (TPL-16) in Mice
Authors: Drabik Magdalena , Głuszak Mariusz , Wróblewska-Łuczka Paula , Plewa Zbigniew , Jankiewicz Marek , Kozińska Justyna , Florek-Łuszczki Magdalena , Plech Tomasz , Łuszczki Jarogniew J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProtective (antiseizure) effects of 4-butyl-5-[(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (TPL-16) and acute neurotoxic effects were determined in the tonic-clonic seizure model and rotarod test in mice. The interaction profile of four classic antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and valproate) with TPL-16 was also determined in the tonic-clonic seizure model in mice. The protective effects of TPL-16 from tonic-clonic seizures (as ED50 values) and acute neurotoxic effects of TPL-16 (as TD50 values) were determined in 4 pretreatment times (15, 30, 60 and 120 min after its i.p. administration), in adult male albino Swiss mice. The interaction profile of TPL-16 with carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and valproate in the tonic-clonic seizure model was determined with isobolographic analysis. Total concentrations of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and valproate were measured in the mouse brain homogenates. The candidate for novel antiepileptic drug (TPL-16) administered separately 15 min before experiments, has a beneficial profile with protective index (as ratio of TD50 and ED50 values) amounting to 5.58. The combination of TPL-16 with valproate produced synergistic interaction in the tonic-clonic seizure model in mice. The combinations of TPL-16 with carbamazepine, phenobarbital and phenytoin produced additive interaction in terms of protection from tonic-clonic seizures in mice. None of the total brain concentrations of classic AEDs were changed significantly after TPL-16 administration in mice. Synergistic interaction for TPL-16 with valproate and the additive interaction for TPL-16 with carbamazepine, phenobarbital and phenytoin in the tonic-clonic seizures in mice allows for recommending TPL-16 as the promising drug for further experimental and clinical testing.
Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben als Präventions- und Personalbindungsstrategie
Authors: Raiber Lea , Boscher Claudia , Fischer Florian , Winter Maik H.-J. 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der hohe Bedarf an Pflegekräften macht wirksame Strategien zu ihrer Rekrutierung und Bindung derzeit notwendiger denn je. Dazu gehören Maßnahmen zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben, die zugleich der Personalbindung sowie der Prävention und somit der Gesunderhaltung von Pflegenden dienen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der Beitrag analysiert die Erfolgseinschätzung, Potenziale und Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben in Pflegeeinrichtungen.

Methoden
Die Daten wurden mittels schriftlicher Befragung von Personalverantwortlichen in Pflegeeinrichtungen der Region Bodensee-Oberschwaben erhoben (n = 59) und anhand des χ2-Tests und Korrelationsanalysen nach Spearman ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Hohe Arbeitsbelastung des Pflegepersonals, zu geringe Personalkapazität zur Dienstplangestaltung und der Wunsch nach Arbeitszeitreduzierung stellen häufig große Probleme in den Pflegeeinrichtungen dar. Maßnahmen zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie gelten überwiegend als erfolgreich für die Fachkräftesicherung. Das größte zukünftige Potenzial wird in Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Dienstplanverlässlichkeit und im Angebot flexibler Arbeitszeitformen gesehen. In der Praxis wird beides jedoch sehr heterogen realisiert. Die Umsetzung steht u. a. in Zusammenhang mit den Problemlagen in den Pflegeeinrichtungen.

Diskussion
Obwohl Maßnahmen zur Vereinbarkeit in der Pflegebranche an Relevanz gewinnen, werden sie dennoch vergleichsweise selten angewandt. Dies deutet auf ein bislang ungenutztes Potenzial – sowohl im Sinne der Mitarbeiter*innenbindung als auch der Prävention – hin, das einen doppelten Gewinn impliziert: Für die Pflegenden, da sie gesünder und zufriedener sind, und für die Arbeitgeber, da das Erwerbstätigenpotenzial länger erhalten bleibt.
Stretchable piezoresistive vs. capacitive silicon sensors integrated into ski base layer pants for measuring the knee flexion angle
Authors: Hermann Aljoscha , Ostarhild Julius , Mirabito Yakira , Bauer Nicole , Senner Veit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe knee is the most often injured body part in alpine skiing. The loads on different structures of the knee, and thus the risk of injury, is influenced by the flexion angle of the knee joint. A mechatronic ski binding continuously supplied with information about the knee joint’s flexion angle could adjust its release settings to react to the situation appropriately. In this study, a silicon-based piezoresistive sensor fibre and capacitive silicon sensor were compared with respect to their ability to measure the knee flexion angle. Each sensor type was incorporated in base layer compression pants. These sensor-underwear-systems were validated using a flexion test rig and in a human subject test (n = 20). The pants with capacitive sensors performed better, as they were more accurate (e.g. mean error 3.4° ± 5.1° of the capacitive sensor vs. 10.6° ± 7.5° of the resistive sensor in the human subject test) and had fewer hysteresis effects. Flexible sensors integrated into compression underwear can provide valuable data of the knee angles for performance measurements in sports or safety systems, and thus may help to reduce knee injuries.
First Expert Evaluation of a New Steerable Catheter in an Isolated Beating Heart
Authors: Ali Awaz , Szili-Torok Tamas , Stijnen Marco , Breedveld Paul , Dodou Dimitra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeIn previous studies we developed two mechanical prototypes of steerable catheters: theSigma, which uses joysticks to actuate two steerable tip segments, and theEpsilon, which has a handle that is an enlarged version of the tip. In this study, we present a first performance evaluation of the prototypes in the cardiac environment. The evaluation was carried out by an expert user, an electrophysiologist with over 20 years of experience, to obtain insight in clinically relevant factors.MethodsTwo experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, theSigmawas used in a passive beating heart setup connected to pumps with a saline solution and camera visualization, and compared with the expert’s past experience with conventional steerable catheters. In the second experiment, theSigmawas used in an active beating heart setup with blood perfusion through the coronary arteries and echo visualization, and compared with theEpsilonprototype. The prototype was evaluated through questionnaires on task performance, catheter usability, and workload. After each of the experiments, the catheter characteristics were evaluatedviaa survey and followed by an in-depth interview.Results & ConclusionsThe expert user found the passive beating heart setup to more successful than the active beating heart setup for the purpose of this experiment, with insightful visualization while the heart was in beating condition. The steerability of the prototypes was experienced as useful and clinically relevant. Based on the questionnaires and interview we were able to identify future design improvements and developments for the steerable catheter prototypes.
Thermal Analyses of Power Electronics Integrated with Vapour Chamber Cooling
Authors: Chen Yiyi , Yan Yuying , Li Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInsulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power module is used for power switching transistor devices in the power supply and motor control circuits in both hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles. The target of heat flux of IGBT is continuously increasing due to the demand for power rating improvements and miniaturisation. Without suitable efficient cooling technologies, excessively high temperature and uneven temperature distribution can cause high thermal stress, eventually leading to severe module failures. Therefore, highly efficient cooling solutions are highly required. Vapour chamber with phase change can provide quick heat transfer and low temperature gradient. This study proposes a new IGBT structure integrated with vapour chamber. The tests and simulation results indicate that the thermal and thermo-mechanical performances of IGBT integrated with vapour chamber are better than those of the IGBT with copper baseplate module. The thermal resistance between the junction and heat sink is reduced from 0.25 to 0.14 °C/W, and the temperature uniformity is greatly improved due to the phase change in the vapour chamber. The simulation also investigates the thermal stress distribution, deformation and thermal fatigue lifespan of IGBT power electronics module. A reduction of 21.8% in thermal stress and an increase of 9% in lifespan of Sn–3.5Ag solder are achieved.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Wu Mingyang , Xie Cong , Wu Ran , Shu Yanling , Wang Lulin , Li Mingyan , Wang Youjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Hubei Province, China.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Participants:The participants in this study are cases identified by epidemiological investigation in Hubei Province, as of February 27, 2020, and were followed until March 7, 2020. In total, 1,989 HCWs and 41,137 other occupational cases were included for analysis.Methods:We used descriptive statistics to summarize patient characteristics.Results:Of 1,989 laboratory-confirmed HCWs, 297 (14.93%) had severe or critical cases, 73 (3.67%) had asymptomatic infections, and 18 died of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The case fatality rate was 0.9%. The proportion of severe or critical cases decreased from the beginning to the end of the outbreak (from 21.29% to 3.52%), and the proportion of asymptomatic cases increased from 0.0% to 47.18%. Nearly half of HCWs with confirmed COVID-19 reported no known contact with COVID-19 patients (969, 48.72%). Fever and cough were the most common symptoms at disease onset in both HCWs and other occupational cases; however, HCWs had higher rates of fatigue (30.90% vs 25.02%; P < .001) and myalgia (19.15% vs 13.43%; P < .001). Additionally, compared with other occupational groups, HCWs were associated with a lower risk of death after adjustment for potential confounders (odd ratio [OR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.79).Conclusions:Compared with COVID-19 cases in other occupational groups, HCWs with COVID-19 have half the risk of death, although they have been shown to have higher rates of fatigue and myalgia.
EL GIGANTE CON PIES DE BARRO: ¿FUE LA ARGENTINA REALMENTE RICA? EL CAPITAL HUMANO DURANTE LA PRIMERA GLOBALIZACIÓN EN UNA PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA
Authors: Ladeuix Joaquín , Schiaffino Pablo 
Published: November 2020

RESUMENEl presente trabajo pretende explorar un aspecto pasado por alto por la literatura de historia económica comparada entre Argentina, Australia y Canadá: el capital humano. Mediante la comparación con estos países en los años de la Primera Globalización, analiza los stocks de capital humano con los que contaba la Argentina durante fines del siglo XIX y la primera parte del XX, y realiza un aporte principal: la Argentina del período presenta un problema de desigualdad regional (y de persistencia de esa desigualdad) ausente en el resto de las “economías de reciente poblamiento”.