bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confinement Coefficient Predictive Modeling of FRP-Confined RC Columns
Authors: Naderpour Hosein , Mirrashid Masoomeh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article proposes an approach to determine the confinement coefficient of concrete columns with square and rectangular cross sections wrapped with all types of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) based on soft computing. Five inputs, including the length or longer side of the column, radius of the corner, elastic modulus of FRP, total thickness of FRP, and the ratio of the ultimate tensile strength of FRP to the compressive strength of unconfined concrete, are used as predictors to estimate the confinement coefficient of concrete columns wrapped with FRP. The model was trained and validated based on a set of experimental data. The equations based on the proposed approach were determined and the steps to calculate the confinement coefficient were presented. The results indicated that the extracted equations of the proposed approach have a high degree of precision in comparison with existing models.
CRPS Is Not Associated with Altered Sensorimotor Cortex GABA or Glutamate
Authors: Lee Barbara , Henderson Luke A. , Rae Caroline D. , Di Pietro Flavia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating chronic pain disorder typically in the upper or lower limbs. While CRPS usually develops from a peripheral event, it is likely maintained by CNS changes. Indeed, CRPS is reported to be associated with sensorimotor cortex changes, or functional “reorganization,” as well as deficits such as poor tactile acuity. While the mechanisms underpinning cortical reorganization in CRPS are unknown, some have hypothesized that it involves disinhibition (i.e., a reduction in GABA activity). In this study, we addressed this hypothesis by using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine sensorimotor GABA and glutamate concentrations in 16 humans with CRPS and 30 matched control subjects and the relationship of these concentrations with tactile acuity. We found that individuals with upper limb CRPS displayed reduced tactile acuity in the painful hand, compared with the nonpainful hand and pain-free control subjects. Despite this acuity deficit, CRPS was not associated with altered GABA or glutamate concentrations within the sensorimotor cortex on either the side that represents the affected or unaffected hand. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between sensorimotor GABA or glutamate concentrations and tactile acuity in CRPS subjects or control subjects. Although our sample was small, these data suggest that CRPS is not associated with altered total sensorimotor GABA or glutamate concentrations. While these results are at odds with the sensorimotor cortex disinhibition hypothesis, it is possible that GABAergic mechanisms other than total GABA concentration may contribute to such disinhibition.
Trem2 Deletion Reduces Late-Stage Amyloid Plaque Accumulation, Elevates the Aβ42:Aβ40 Ratio, and Exacerbates Axonal Dystrophy and Dendritic Spine Loss in the PS2APP Alzheimer's Mouse Model
Authors: Meilandt William J. , Ngu Hai , Gogineni Alvin , Lalehzadeh Guita , Lee Seung-Hye , Srinivasan Karpagam , Imperio Jose , Wu Tiffany , Weber Martin , Kruse Agatha J. , Stark Kimberly L. , Chan Pamela , Kwong Mandy , Modrusan Zora , Friedman Brad A. , Elstrott Justin , Foreman Oded , Easton Amy , Sheng Morgan , Hansen David V. 
Published: January 2020

TREM2is an Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk gene expressed in microglia. To study the role ofTrem2in a mouse model of β-amyloidosis, we compared PS2APP transgenic mice versus PS2APP mice lackingTrem2(PS2APP;Trem2ko) at ages ranging from 4 to 22 months. Microgliosis was impaired in PS2APP;Trem2komice, withTrem2-deficient microglia showing compromised expression of proliferation/Wnt-related genes and marked accumulation of ApoE. Plaque abundance was elevated in PS2APP;Trem2kofemales at 6–7 months; but by 12 or 19–22 months of age, it was notably diminished in female and male PS2APP;Trem2komice, respectively. Across all ages, plaque morphology was more diffuse in PS2APP;Trem2kobrains, and the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio was elevated. The amount of soluble, fibrillar Aβ oligomers also increased in PS2APP;Trem2kohippocampi. Associated with these changes, axonal dystrophy was exacerbated from 6 to 7 months onward in PS2APP;Trem2komice, notwithstanding the reduced plaque load at later ages. PS2APP;Trem2komice also exhibited more dendritic spine loss around plaque and more neurofilament light chain in CSF. Thus, aggravated neuritic dystrophy is a more consistent outcome ofTrem2deficiency than amyloid plaque load, suggesting that the microglial packing of Aβ into dense plaque is an important neuroprotective activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGenetic studies indicate thatTREM2gene mutations confer increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We studied the effects ofTrem2deletion in the PS2APP mouse AD model, in which overproduction of Aβ peptide leads to amyloid plaque formation and associated neuritic dystrophy. Interestingly, neuritic dystrophies were intensified in the brains ofTrem2-deficient mice, despite these mice displaying reduced plaque accumulation at later ages (12–22 months). Microglial clustering around plaques was impaired, plaques were more diffuse, and the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio and amount of soluble, fibrillar Aβ oligomers were elevated inTrem2-deficient brains. These results suggest that the Trem2-dependent compaction of Aβ into dense plaques is a protective microglial activity, limiting the exposure of neurons to toxic Aβ species.
Internal and External Structure of Ruthenian Letters in Early Modern Lithuania
Authors: Ryčkov Andrej 
Published: January 2020

A thorough analysis of approximately one hundred unpublished and about seventy published letters written by Lithuanian noblemen and the Grand Duke of Lithuania led to a conclusion that there were three distinct types of letters. They represent correspondence between socially unequal as well as equal individuals. The external structure of a letter does not indicate the social differences between the addresser and the addressee. On the one hand, the external structure of a letter did not represent the addressers themselves; first of all, it was relevant for the intermediaries who confirmed the authenticity of the letters, registered the correspondence, and handed in the letters. On the other hand, the format of the seal is not a reliable indicator as well. The Lithuanian nobility, when communicating amongst themselves, sealed their letters with signets, while in correspondences with foreign countries they normally used larger seals. The Salutation (Latin: salutatio) is the element of a letter’s internal structure that is essential for understanding the power and status relation between an addresser and an addressee. Only “partners” of equal status informed each other on their health conditions or asked about each other’s well-being.
On the Way to Perfection: The Characteristic of Novices of Lithuanian Jesuit Province in the 17th–18th c.
Authors: Zorkienė Brigita 
Published: January 2020

This article presents the first stage of a long-lasting Jesuit formation – the Novitiate. The activities, rules, calendar, and instructions of the Jesuit Novitiates were defined by the official documents of Jesuit Order. The Novitiate in Vilnius was the only institution of its kind in the Lithuanian Jesuit Province. After the establishment of the Jesuit Novitiate in 1604, 23 people joined it, and this number gradually increased. The average number of novices in Vilnius in 1604–1771 was 56. Young people of all ages expressed their desire to join the Jesuit Order. They were admitted to the Order at the age averaging between 17–18 years, but there were also novices who did not match this average (the age of novices ranges from 15 to 30 years). Meanwhile, lower requirements for brothers made it possible for them to join the Order at an older age, with the average age of 25. Sometimes, those who had been admitted to the Novitiate had already received an education (often in Jesuit schools) or were already priests. After the establishment of the Novitiate, besides Lithuanians, another large part of the novices was from Polish lands and Ruthenians. By separating the Jesuit Provinces of Lithuania and Mazovia, the Lithuanian Province became even more “Lithuanian.” In 1604–1771, only 48 people left the Novitiate, which is only about 10 percent of the total number of the retired members in the Province (the vast majority, almost 80 percent, of the members who were retired from the Order were scholastics). This initial analysis assumes that the typical Jesuit novice is about 18-years-old and of Ruthenian or Lithuanian/Samogitian origin.
Arnaldo Momigliano. The Rise of Antiquarian Research
Authors: Jurkutė Mingailė 
Published: January 2020

Arnaldo Momigliano (1908–1987) yra žinomas XX a. italų istorikas, išgarsėjęs savo darbais apie Antikos pasaulio istoriją. Jis taip pat labai svarbus savo istoriografiniais tyrimais. Knyga The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), paremta jo skaitytomis paskaitomis, skirta apmąstyti šiuolaikinės Vakarų istoriografijos intelektinius ir metodologinius pamatus XX a. antroje pusėje ryškų poslinkį nuo politinės prie socialinės istorijos patyrusios istoriografijos kontekste. Momigliano parodo modernios istoriografijos ištakas Antikos istorikų darbuose, keldamas klausimus apie antikinę graikų ir žydų istoriografiją ir kodėl Vakarų tradicijoje įsigalėjo graikiškoji, kodėl autoritetingiausiu Antikos istoriku tapo Tukididas, o ne Herodotas, kaip antikvarinis domėjimasis paveikė šiuolaikinės istorijos formavimąsi, kaip graikų istoriografija buvo romanizuota.Šios knygos skyrių „The Rise of Antiquarian Research“ iš anglų kalbos vertė Mingailė Jurkutė.
Tarptautinių santykių gijas narpliojant
Authors: Žirlys Adomas 
Published: January 2020

Rec.: Zenonas Butkus, Tarp Trečiojo Reicho ir Trečiosios Romos: Vokietijos ir Sovietų politikos poveikis Baltijos šalių tarptautinei ir vidaus padėčiai tarpukaryje, Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2019.
Prenatal Repair of Myelomeningocele and School-age Functional Outcomes
Authors: Houtrow Amy J. , Thom Elizabeth A. , Fletcher Jack M. , Burrows Pamela K. , Adzick N. Scott , Thomas Nina H. , Brock John W. , Cooper Timothy , Lee Hanmin , Bilaniuk Larissa , Glenn Orit A. , Pruthi Sumit , MacPherson Cora , Farmer Diana L. , Johnson Mark P. , Howell Lori J. , Gupta Nalin , Walker William O. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS), a randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair for myelomeningocele, found that prenatal surgery resulted in reduced hindbrain herniation and need for shunt diversion at 12 months of age and better motor function at 30 months. In this study, we compared adaptive behavior and other outcomes at school age (5.9–10.3 years) between prenatal versus postnatal surgery groups.

METHODS:
Follow-up cohort study of 161 children enrolled in MOMS. Assessments included neuropsychological and physical evaluations. Children were evaluated at a MOMS center or at a home visit by trained blinded examiners.

RESULTS:
The Vineland composite score was not different between surgery groups (89.0 ± 9.6 in the prenatal group versus 87.5 ± 12.0 in the postnatal group; P = .35). Children in the prenatal group walked without orthotics or assistive devices more often (29% vs 11%; P = .06), had higher mean percentage scores on the Functional Rehabilitation Evaluation of Sensori-Neurologic Outcomes (92 ± 9 vs 85 ± 18; P &lt; .001), lower rates of hindbrain herniation (60% vs 87%; P &lt; .001), had fewer shunts placed for hydrocephalus (49% vs 85%; P &lt; .001) and, among those with shunts, fewer shunt revisions (47% vs 70%; P = .02) than those in the postnatal group. Parents of children repaired prenatally reported higher mean quality of life z scores (0.15 ± 0.67 vs 0.11 ± 0.73; P = .008) and lower mean family impact scores (32.5 ± 7.8 vs 37.0 ± 8.9; P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS:
There was no significant difference between surgery groups in overall adaptive behavior. Long-term benefits of prenatal surgery included improved mobility and independent functioning and fewer surgeries for shunt placement and revision, with no strong evidence of improved cognitive functioning.
CFHR Gene Variations Provide Insights in the Pathogenesis of the Kidney Diseases Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and C3 Glomerulopathy
Authors: Zipfel Peter F. , Wiech Thorsten , Stea Emma D. , Skerka Christine 
Published: January 2020

Significance Statement
The human CFHR–Factor H gene cluster encodes the five FHR proteins that are emerging complement and immune modulators and the two complement regulators Factor H and FHL1. Genetic and chromosomal alterations in this cluster are associated with the human kidney diseases atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy. Various genetic alterations result in the expression of mutant and altered FHR proteins, or FHR::Factor H and Factor H::FHR hybrid proteins. The modified FHR proteins together with an altered FHR and Factor H plasma repertoire, which often modify complement action in the fluid phase and cause morphologic alteration in the glomerulus, provide important views on FHR protein function in the kidney.

Sequence and copy number variations in the human CFHR–Factor H gene cluster comprising the complement genes CFHR1, CFHR2, CFHR3, CFHR4, CFHR5, and Factor H are linked to the human kidney diseases atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy. Distinct genetic and chromosomal alterations, deletions, or duplications generate hybrid or mutant CFHR genes, as well as hybrid CFHR–Factor H genes, and alter the FHR and Factor H plasma repertoire. A clear association between the genetic modifications and the pathologic outcome is emerging: CFHR1, CFHR3, and Factor H gene alterations combined with intact CFHR2, CFHR4, and CFHR5 genes are reported in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. But alterations in each of the five CFHR genes in the context of an intact Factor H gene are described in C3 glomerulopathy. These genetic modifications influence complement function and the interplay of the five FHR proteins with each other and with Factor H. Understanding how mutant or hybrid FHR proteins, Factor H::FHR hybrid proteins, and altered Factor H, FHR plasma profiles cause pathology is of high interest for diagnosis and therapy.
IDENTIFYING THE KEY COMPONENTS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Authors: Ayupova Roza , Arsenteva Elena , Lutfullina Gulnara , Nikulina Elena 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of the study: The experiment is aimed at studying the potential of non-native speakers in applying various idiom transformations. The relevance of the current work is closely related to its purpose since the ability to identify the key component of an idiom or proverb makes their comprehension much easier and deeper.
Methodology: The authors used experimental methods to reveal the role of transformations in identifying the key components of idioms. The experiment included several types of experiments: natural, transformational, open and mental. The subjects were 28 third-year students of Kazan Federal University whose major is English as a group of informants. The group of informants was given 10 English phraseological units which include a component part nominating some profession. Students were given two tasks and the time limit given for it was 2 – 2.5 hours.
Main Findings: The paper describes an experiment conducted with the purpose of identifying key components/components of phraseological units. Having analyzed two types of phraseological transformations (substitution and deletion) performed by informants, we draw conclusions concerning the relevance of applying each of these types of transformation for the purpose of identifying the key component/components.
Applications of this study: Analysis of the results of the experiment conducted within this research demonstrates that each of the phraseological units under analysis is built according to a particular semantic model, which is retained when any of the component parts are substituted and can be restored when deleting component parts other than key ones.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The fact that most phraseological units are built according to some semantic template and the possibility of distinguishing one or more key components within them is assumed. The experiment also reveals the possibility of an element of a phraseological unit being not necessarily a component part. The relevance of the current work is closely related to its purpose since the ability to identify the key component of an idiom or proverb makes their comprehension much easier and deeper.
APONTAMENTO SOBRE A AGROVILA LEONARDO D’VINCI E A REINVENÇÃO DE SEU COTIDIANO APÓS A CONSTRUÇÃO DA HIDRELÉTRICA DE BELO MONTE
Authors: Costa Pedro Sérgio Santos da , Souza Cesar Martins de 
Published: January 2020

A Rodovia Transamazônica e a Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte (UHBM) representam muito mais do que apenas duas obras de grande porte do Governo Federal, elas são concretizações de um modo de pensar desenvolvimentista vigente desde a década de 1950 no Brasil. Entre a rodovia e a usina há um elo sócio-histórico, geográfico e metafórico, a Agrovila Leonardo D’Vinci (ALDV), no distrito do município de Vitória do Xingu, estado do Pará. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma primeira análise do custo social do desenvolvimentismo no cotidiano dessa comunidade, uma vez que esta surge como resultado da grande rodovia e “renasce”, quarenta e dois anos depois, no contexto da UHBM. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com pioneiros da localidade, bem como pesquisa documental acerca do tema proposto. Os resultados apontam para a ocorrência de profundas transformações sociais aceleradas pela construção do empreendimento hidroelétrico, possibilitando questionar os “grandes projetos” na região amazônica e suas implicações sociais.
Envelhecimento e trabalho
Authors: Freitas Milena Cristina de , Gil Claudia Aranha 
Published: January 2020

Este estudo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou compreender as concepções de docentes do Ensino Superior na maturidade sobre a relação de envelhecer e trabalhar. Empregou-se um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 10 professores universitários do estado de São Paulo. A análise dos dados baseou-se na técnica do estudo de caso múltiplo. Observou-se que os professores associaram diferentes percepções de envelhecimento ligadas às perdas e ganhos. Demonstraram o trabalho docente ligado ao prazer e a possibilidade de contribuir para uma sociedade melhor. Conclui-se que é necessário a ampliação do tema em novas pesquisas.
Avaliações em larga escala e educação especial
Authors: Liebl Karin Rank , Lima Iana Gomes de , Pinto Marialva Moog 
Published: January 2020

O presente estudo trata dos pressupostos gerenciais que embasam a existência das avaliações em larga escala e o discurso de que estas trariam a possibilidade de aferir a qualidade de cada instituição de ensino e, assim, medir o sistema educativo a partir de um padrão homogeneizador. Tem como objetivo apontar que o princípio da homogeneização/padronização que embasa as avaliações em larga escala e o princípio da diversidade que alicerça a inclusão de alunos com deficiência são elementos contraditórios, mas que se apresentam, de forma concomitante, na prática educacional em diferentes etapas de ensino. Para tanto, metodologicamente, fez-se uso de uma revisão bibliográfica a partir de autores que estudam as avaliações em larga escala no Brasil e contextualizou-se o surgimento deste tipo de avaliação no cenário educacional brasileiro. Ademais, realizou-se uma revisão a partir de autores que embasam as discussões sobre a inclusão de alunos com deficiência e a legislação específica que trata desta temática. A partir da compreensão acerca da temática de estudos, consideramos, por fim, que o sistema educativo não possui um discurso único sobre a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência, uma vez que sua legislação obrigada determinadas ações que não são cumpridas pelo próprio sistema.
Compreensão do uso de desenhos no processo de ensino aprendizagem para alunas do curso informatização
Authors: Barbosa Pedro Luis Saraiva , Silva Roberta da , Sousa Rafaella Alves de 
Published: January 2020

Esse artigo é resultado de um Projeto desenvolvido no âmbito do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE) -CampusCedro denominado “InformatizAção” que se materializa com a oferta de um curso específico para o público feminino na área de informática básica e também a inclusão digital dessas mulheres. O público-alvo do curso são mulheres com idade superior a 40 anos, que encontram-se em momento de vulnerabilidade digital e que residem na cidade de Cedro-CE. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender como a utilização de desenhos - em um processo de abstração de conteúdos na disciplina de Informática - pode auxiliar no ensino aprendizagem das mulheres participantes do curso de extensão. O presente trabalho analisou a atividade de alunas do curso de Sistemas de Informação (SI) do IFCE - Campus Cedro, durante a aula inaugural do curso de informática básica. Neste trabalho foi utilizada a técnica de observação não participante.
Contribuições da pesquisa para o desenvolvimento profissional docente na perspectiva dos coordenadores dos cursos de licenciatura
Authors: Bittencourt Ricardo Luiz de , Silva Renata Geremias da 
Published: January 2020

As pesquisas sobre docência universitária ganham, significativamente, espaço no Brasil, tendo em vista que muitos bacharéis, de diversas profissões, são desafiados a assumirem a função de professor. Para tanto, o presente artigo investiga as contribuições da pesquisa para o desenvolvimento profissional docente na perspectiva dos coordenadores dos cursos de Licenciatura da UNESC. A metodologia adotada para este estudo foi de natureza aplicada, com uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se como instrumento para a coleta de dados a entrevista realizada com os coordenadores dos cursos de Licenciatura da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, de Criciúma/SC, nos cursos de Pedagogia, Letras, Matemática, Geografia e História. A pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise dos dados permitiram afirmar que a pesquisa é uma especificidade da docência universitária que promove o seu desenvolvimento profissional, pois contribui para que o professor assuma uma postura mais investigativa a partir da produção de conhecimentos. Porém, ainda há professores que não pesquisam e não conseguem promover a articulação entre ensino e pesquisa.
Pensando la internacionalización (crítica) de la enseñanza superior brasileña
Authors: Finardi Kyria Rebeca , Guimarães Felipe Furtado , Mendes Ana Rachel 
Published: January 2020

Este estudio ofrece un espacio para pensar la internacionalización de las instituciones de enseñanza superior brasileñas de forma más crítica a partir de un meta-análisis de los estudios de un grupo de investigación que aborda cuestiones como programas de internacionalización y políticas lingüísticas y de internacionalización en ese contexto. Un hallazgo del meta-análisis sugiere una brecha (y desajuste) de principios y políticas para guiar el proceso de internacionalización de forma crítica en Brasil. La internacionalización crítica se aborda teniendo en cuenta el papel de programas y políticas lingüísticas y de internacionalización bien como a partir del reconocimiento de la mercantilización de la educación y de los medios de contrarrestarla. Para tanto, se sugiere la desconstrucción del imaginario jerárquico de dominación intelectual y cultural y la interacción solidaria entre las instituciones de los países periféricos para fortalecer el carácter de bien público de la enseñanza superior.