bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between alcohol intoxication and mortality in severe traumatic brain injury in the emergency department: a retrospective cohort
Authors: van Wijck Suzanne F. , Kongkaewpaisan Napaporn , Han Kelsey , Kokoroskos Nikolaos , Kongwibulwut Manasnun , King David R. , van der Wilden Gwendolyn M. , Krijnen Pieta , Schipper Inger B. , Velmahos George C. 
Published: September 2020

Background
Acute alcohol intoxication is very common in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether there is an independent association between alcohol intoxication and mortality is debated. This study hypothesized that alcohol intoxication is independently associated with less mortality after severe TBI (sTBI).

Methods
This retrospective observational cohort study included all patients with sTBI [head-Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) ≥3, corresponding to serious head injury or worse] admitted from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2016 in an academic level I trauma center. Patients were classified as with alcohol intoxication or without intoxication based on blood alcohol concentration or description of alcohol intoxication on admission. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, including patient and injury characteristics, was used to assess independent association with alcohol intoxication.

Results
Of the 2865 TBI patients, 715 (25%) suffered from alcohol intoxication. They were younger (mean age 46 vs. 68 years), more often male (80 vs. 57%) and had a lower median Glasgow Coma Scale upon arrival (14 vs. 15) compared to the no-intoxication group. There was no difference in injury severity by head AIS or Rotterdam CT. Alcohol intoxication had an unadjusted association with in-hospital mortality [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38–0.68]; however, there was no independent association after adjusting for potentially confounding patient and injury characteristics (adjusted OR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.48–1.09).

Conclusion
In this retrospective study, there was no independent association between alcohol intoxication and higher in-hospital mortality in emergency patients with sTBI.
Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of urinary stones
Authors: Yang Bob , Veneziano Domenico , Somani Bhaskar K. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
There has a been rapid progress in the use of artificial intelligence in all aspects of healthcare, and in urology, this is particularly astute in the overall management of urolithiasis. This article reviews advances in the use of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of urinary stone disease over the last 2 years. Pertinent studies were identified via a nonsystematic review of the literature performed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane database.

Recent findings
Twelve articles have been published, which met the inclusion criteria. This included three articles in the detection and diagnosis of stones, six in the prediction of postprocedural outcomes including percutaneous nephrolithotomy and shock wave lithotripsy, and three in the use of artificial intelligence in prevention of stone disease by predicting patients at risk of stones, detecting the stone type via digital photographs and detecting risk factors in patients most at risk of not attending outpatient appointments.

Summary
Our knowledge of artificial intelligence in urology has greatly advanced in the last 2 years. Its role currently is to aid the endourologist as opposed to replacing them. However, the ability of artificial intelligence to efficiently process vast quantities of data, in combination with the shift towards electronic patient records provides increasingly more ‘big data’ sets. This will allow artificial intelligence to analyse and detect novel diagnostic and treatment patterns in the future.
The Epidemiology and Management of Pediatric Maxillary Fractures
Authors: Moffitt Joseph Kevin , Cepeda Alfredo , Wainwright D’Arcy J. , Demian Nagi , Wainwright David J. , Nguyen Phuong D. , Teichgraeber John F. , Greives Matthew R. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Most literature regarding traumatic Le Fort or maxillary fractures exists in the adult population, with limited information regarding the epidemiology and management of pediatric fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture mechanism, surgical management, and associated injuries in pediatric patients with Le Fort fractures.

Methods:
A retrospective chart analysis of all pediatric patients age ≤18 years diagnosed with facial fractures at a single level 1 trauma center over a 10-year period (January 2006–December 2015) was performed. Demographics, fracture location, mechanism of injury, and hospital course were abstracted as well as associated injuries and need for operative management.

Results:
A total of 1274 patients met inclusion criteria. Sixty-nine (5.4%) presented with Le Fort fractures. Factors associated with Le Fort fractures included motor vehicle collisions (P < 0.001), increased age (P < 0.001), and traumatic brain injury (P < 0.04). Patients with Le Fort fractures were more likely to need intensive care unit admission (P < 0.001), surgical management (P < 0.001), transfusions (P < 0.001), secondary fixation surgery (P < 0.001), and have a longer length of stay (P < 0.001). Multivariate showed increased odds for increased age (OR 1.1; 95%CI 1.04–1.17) and concomitant orbit fractures (OR 8.33; 95%CI 4.08–19.34). Decreased odds were associated for all mechanisms of injury other than motor vehicle collisions (Other blunt trauma: OR 0.36; 95%CI 0.2–0.6. Penetrating trauma: OR 0.13; 95%CI 0.01–0.6).

Conclusion:
Maxillary or Le Fort fractures represent a small portion of pediatric facial fractures but require high rates of operative management. The high velocity required to create this fracture type is associated with significant traumatic comorbidities, which can complicate the hospital course.
Efficacy of Staple Line Reinforcement With Omentopexy During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Postoperative Complications: Experience of a Single Center
Authors: Lale Azmi , Aygen Erhan , Kirkil Cuneyt , Artas Hakan , Yur Mesut 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of staple line reinforcement with omentopexy during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 3942 laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy cases were included in the study. All the patients were divided into 3 groups: No reinforcement (NoSLR), staple line reinforcement with fibrin glue (SLR-FG), and staple line reinforcement with omentopexy (SLR-O). Demographic data and perioperative characteristics of the groups were analyzed retrospectively. Among these, age, sex, preoperative comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, body mass index, duration of operation, reoperation, complications, and Clavien-Dindo classification scores were recorded.

Results:
Age, sex, body mass index, comorbid diseases, American Society of Anesthesiologists, and Clavien-Dindo Classification scores were similar in all the groups. The overall complication rate was 3.0%. The overall minor and major complication rates were 1.7% and 1.3%, respectively. The mortality rate was 0.1% (4 patients). The most common postoperative complications were bleeding (0.9%) and leakage (0.5%). The incidence of leakage, bleeding, and twisted gastric sleeve rates were similar when compared between SLR-FG and NoSLR. In the SLR-O patients, the incidence of leakage, hemorrhage, and twist were significantly lower and the operation time was significantly longer when compared with the other groups.

Conclusions:
The SLR-O technique, especially when performed by experienced surgeons, is a promising method for the prevention of postoperative leakage, bleeding, and twist complications with an acceptable increase in the duration of operation. Considering the limited effects of the SLR-FG technique, it was predicted that it would lose its popularity over time.
Variation across population subgroups of COVID-19 antibody testing performance
Authors: Brantley Halley L. , Yoo Richard M. , Jones Glen I. , Stock Marel A. , Park Peter J. , Sheils Natalie E. , Kohane Isaac S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding variations in the performance of serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 across varying demographics is relevant to clinical interpretations and public policy derived from their results. Appropriate use of serological assays to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies requires estimation of their accuracy over large populations and an understanding of the variance in performance over time and across demographic groups. In this manuscript we focus on anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody tests approved under emergency use authorizations and determine the recall of the serological tests compared to RT-PCR tests by Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINCs). Variability in test performance was further examined over time and by demographics. The recall of the most common IgG assay (LOINC 94563-4) was 91.2% (95% CI: 90.5%, 91.9%). IgA (LOINC 94562-6) and IgM (94564-2) assays performed significantly worse than IgG assays with estimated recall rates of 20.6% and 27.3%, respectively. A statistically significant difference in recall (p = 0.019) was observed across sex with a higher recall in males than females, 92.1% and 90.4%, respectively. Recall also differed significantly by age group, with higher recall in those over 45 compared to those under 45, 92.9% and 88.0%, respectively (p< 0.001). While race was unavailable for the majority of the individuals, a significant difference was observed between recall in White individuals and Black individuals (p = 0.007) and White individuals and Hispanic individuals (p = 0.001). The estimates of recall were 89.3%, 95.9%, and 94.2% for White, Black, and Hispanic individuals respectively.
Levels of genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 virus: reducing speculations about the genetic variability of the virus in South America
Authors: Felix Pierre Teodósio , do Nascimento Filho Cícero Batista , da Silva Ramos Robson , Paulino Antônio João , Venâncio Dallynne Bárbara Ramos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we evaluated the levels of genetic diversity in 38 complete Genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from six countries in South America, using specific methodologies for paired FST, AMOVA, mismatch, demographic and spatial expansions, molecular diversity and for the time of evolutionary divergence. The analyses showed non-significant evolutionary divergences within and between the six countries, as well as a significant similarity to the time of genetic evolutionary divergence between all populations. Thus, it seems safe to affirm that we will find similar results for the other Countries of South America, reducing speculation about the existence of rapid and silent mutations that, although there are as we have shown in this work, do not increase, until this moment, the genetic variability of the Virus, a fact that would hinder the work with molecular targets for vaccines and drugs in general.
Multiple pathways of toxicity induced byC9orf72dipeptide repeat aggregates and G4C2RNA in a cellular model
Authors: Frottin Frédéric , Pérez-Berlanga Manuela , Hartl F. Ulrich , Hipp Mark S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe most frequent genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia is a G4C2repeat expansion in theC9orf72gene. This expansion gives rise to translation of aggregating dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins, including poly-GA as the most abundant species. However, gain of toxic function effects have been attributed to either the DPRs or the pathological G4C2RNA. Here we analyzed in a cellular model the relative toxicity of DPRs and RNA. Cytoplasmic poly-GA aggregates, generated in the absence of G4C2RNA, interfered with nucleocytoplasmic protein transport, but had little effect on cell viability. In contrast, nuclear poly-GA was more toxic, impairing nucleolar protein quality control and protein biosynthesis. Production of the G4C2RNA strongly reduced viability independent of DPR translation and caused pronounced inhibition of nuclear mRNA export and protein biogenesis. Thus, while the toxic effects of G4C2RNA predominate, DPRs exert additive effects that may contribute to pathology.
Reduction of neuronal activity mediated by blood-vessel regression in the brain
Authors: Gao Xiaofei , Li Jun-Liszt , Chen Xingjun , Ci Bo , Chen Fei , Lu Nannan , Shen Bo , Zheng Lijun , Jia Jie-Min , Yi Yating , Zhang Shiwen , Shi Ying-Chao , Shi Kaibin , Propson Nicholas E , Huang Yubin , Poinsatte Katherine , Zhang Zhaohuan , Yue Yuanlei , Bosco Dale B , Lu Ying-mei , Yang Shi-bing , Adams Ralf H. , Lindner Volkhard , Huang Fen , Wu Long-Jun , Zheng Hui , Han Feng , Hippenmeyer Simon , Stowe Ann M. , Peng Bo , Margeta Marta , Wang Xiaoqun , Liu Qiang , Körbelin Jakob , Trepel Martin , Lu Hui , Zhou Bo O. , Zhao Hu , Su Wenzhi , Bachoo Robert M. , Ge Woo-ping 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe brain vasculature supplies neurons with glucose and oxygen, but little is known about how vascular plasticity contributes to brain function. Using longitudinalin vivoimaging, we reported that a substantial proportion of blood vessels in the adult brain sporadically occluded and regressed. Their regression proceeded through sequential stages of blood-flow occlusion, endothelial cell collapse, relocation or loss of pericytes, and retraction of glial endfeet. Regressing vessels were found to be widespread in mouse, monkey and human brains. Both brief occlusions of the middle cerebral artery and lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation induced an increase of vessel regression. Blockage of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells alleviated LPS-induced vessel regression. We further revealed that blood vessel regression caused a reduction of neuronal activity due to a dysfunction in mitochondrial metabolism and glutamate production. Our results elucidate the mechanism of vessel regression and its role in neuronal function in the adult brain.
All protein aggregates will thermodynamically order
Authors: Nielsen Aleksandra W. , Sari Levent , Fraser Rowan , Lin Milo M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProteins can aggregate into disordered liquid droplets or ordered assemblies such as amyloid fibrils. These two distinct phases determine the spatial organization within cells and serve differing roles in a wide range of biological functions including gene regulation, organelle and synapse formation, and memory consolidation. The ordered phase can also give rise to diseases such as Alzheimer’s. However, how the protein sequence determines aggregation fate is an open question. Here we establish a general statistical mechanical theory of the disordered-to-ordered transition for polymer aggregates, including proteins, thereby completing the phase diagram for this general class of matter. The theory produces a simple universal equation determining the favored phase as a function of the temperature, polymer length, and inter-residue interaction energy variance. We show that the sequence-dependent energy variance can be efficiently calculated from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, so that the theory has no adjustable parameters. The equation accurately predicts the experimental length-dependent crystallization temperature of synthetic polymers. The theory shows that all protein aggregates, regardless of sequence, will thermodynamically order, even in the most extreme thermophiles. Therefore, energy must be expended to maintain the disordered protein aggregate at steady state. More broadly, the theory establishes a lower bound on the ordering transition temperature for polymers. This bound indicates that condensates of any organic polymer will spontaneously order on all habitable planets.
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus and Picobirnavirus in Wild Avians from Amazon Forest
Authors: Duarte Júnior José Wandilson Barboza , Nunes Chagas Elaine Hellen , Silva Serra Ana Carolina , Santos Souto Lizandra Caroline dos , Penha Júnior Edvaldo Tavares da , Silva Bandeira Renato da , de Paula Souza e Guimarães Ricardo José , Silva Oliveira Hanna Gabriela da , Sousa Thaymes Kiara Santos , Lopes Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque , Domingues Sheyla Farhayldes Souza , Malik Yashpal Singh , Salvarani Felipe Masiero , Pereira Mascarenhas Joana D’Arc 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe present study reports the detection and molecular characterization of rotavirus A (RVA), rotavirus D (RVD), rotavirus F (RVF), rotavirus G (RVG) and picobirnavirus (PBV) in fecal specimens of wild and exotic birds (n = 23) from different cities of Pará state, which were hospitalized at Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pará, Brazil, between January 2018 to June 2019. The animals exhibited different clinical signs, such as diarrhea, malnutrition, dehydration and fractures. The results showed 39.1% (9/23) of positivity for RVA by RT-qPCR. Among these, one sample (1/9) for the NSP3 gene of T2 genotype was characterized. About 88.9% (8/9) for the VP7 gene belonging to G1, equine-like G3 and G6 genotypes, and 55.5% (5/9) for the VP4 gene of P[2] genotype were obtained. In the current study, approximately 4.5% of the samples (1/23) revealed coinfection for the RVA, RVD and RVF groups. Furthermore, picobirnavirus (PBV) was detected in 1 of the 23 samples tested and was classified in the Genogroup I. The findings represent the first report of the circulation of RVA, RVD, RVF, RVG and PBV genotypes in wild birds in Brazil and suggest the possible interspecies transmission of RVs and PBVs.
Status of the pillar coralDendrogyra cylindrusin Los Roques National Park, Southern Caribbean
Authors: Cavada-Blanco F. , Cappelletto J. , Agudo-Adriani E. , Martinez S. , Rodriguez JP. , Croquer A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTInformation on the status of the pillar coralDendrogyra cylindrusacross its global distribution range is needed to plan and implement effective conservation interventions at both the national and regional level. Knowledge on the species distribution and abundance on the southernmost edge of its range was limited to qualitative data gathered in the 1980s. In 2014, we started using local ecological knowledge and extensive surveys to assess the status of the pillar coral in Archipelago Los Roques National Park, Venezuela; also evaluating the species representativeness within the MPA according to the level of protection established by the park’s zoning. Between 2014 and 2016, we recorded over 1,000 colonies-the highest abundance reported to date for the species- within 14 different habitat types. Disease, bleaching and partial mortality prevalence were below 4%. Size frequency distribution was uni-modal for the MPA and dominated by medium size colonies (40cm -70cm height) suggesting potential for intrinsic population growth. However, the structure of size classes varied among reefs (Pseudo-F=2.70, p=0.03), indicating asynchronous dynamics mostly driven by reef-scale processes. Overall, our results indicate that Los Roques could be a stronghold for the species. But, to maintain the conservation value for coral reefs and the pillar coral, the MPA’s zoning designation needs to be urgently revised and the extension of its high-protection zones expanded to increase habitat redundancy as well as the singular habitats composed by thickets ofAcropora cervicornisand mounds ofMadracissp. This work confirms the species as extant in one of the four localities within its national range in Venezuela. However, further research on genetic diversity and connectivity among reefs within the MPA is needed to estimate effective population size and assess viability.
Development and Comparative Evaluation of Endolysosomal Proximity Labeling-based Proteomic Methods in Human iPSC-derived Neurons
Authors: Frankenfield Ashley M. , Fernandopulle Michael S. , Hasan Saadia , Ward Michael E. , Hao Ling 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTProximity-basedin situlabeling techniques offer a unique way to capture both stable and transient protein-protein and protein-organelle interactions. Combining this technology with mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics allows us to obtain snapshots of molecular microenvironments with nanometer resolution, facilitating the discovery of complex and dynamic protein networks. However, a number of technical challenges still exist, such as interferences from endogenously biotinylated proteins and other highly abundant bystanders, how to select the proper controls to minimize false discoveries, and experimental variations among biological/technical replicates. Here, we developed a new method to capture the proteomic microenvironment of the neuronal endolysosomal network, by knocking in (KI) an engineered ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) gene to the endogenous locus of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). We found that normalizing proximity labeling proteomics data to the endogenously biotinylated protein (PCCA) can greatly reduce variations and enable fair comparisons among different batch of APEX labeling and different APEX probes. We conducted comparative evaluation between this KI-LAMP1-APEX method and our two overexpression LAMP1-APEX probes, achieving complementary coverage of both known and new lysosomal membrane and lysosomal-interacting proteins in human iPSC-derived neurons. To summarize, this study demonstrated new analytical tools to characterize lysosomal functions and microenvironment in human neurons and filled critical gaps in the field for designing and optimizing proximity labeling proteomic experiments.
Ontogenetic changes in sensory gene expression inBicyclus anynanabutterflies
Authors: Ernst David A. , Westerman Erica L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnimal behavior is largely driven by the information that animals are able to extract and process from their environment. However, the function and organization of sensory systems often change throughout ontogeny, particularly in animals that undergo indirect development. As an initial step toward investigating these ontogenetic changes at the molecular level, we characterized the sensory gene repertoire and examined the expression profiles of genes linked to vision and chemosensation in two life stages of an insect that undertakes a dramatic metamorphosis, the butterflyBicyclus anynana. Using RNA-seq, we compared gene expression in the heads of late fifth instar larvae and newly-eclosed adults that were reared under identical conditions. Over 50% of all expressed genes were differentially expressed between the two developmental stages, with 4,046 genes upregulated in larval heads and 4,402 genes upregulated in adult heads. In larvae, upregulated vision-related genes were biased toward those involved with eye development, while phototransduction genes dominated the vision genes that were upregulated in adults. Moreover, the majority of the chemosensory genes we identified in theB. anynanagenome were differentially expressed between larvae and adults, several of which share homology with genes linked to pheromone detection, host plant recognition, and foraging in other species of Lepidoptera. These results reveal promising candidates for furthering our understanding of sensory processing and behavior in the disparate developmental stages of butterflies and other animals that undergo metamorphosis.