bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Evidence of the Detection of an Underground Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal in a Tunnel
Authors: Lin Tingting , Yang Yujing , Yi Xiaofeng , Jiang Chuandong , Fan Tiehu 
Published: December 2020

During the excavation of underground tunnels and ore mining, accidents related to sudden water inflows often occur. As the only technique used for the direct detection of groundwater, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has advantages for the detection of disaster-inducing water flows. However, NMR has commonly been applied only at the ground surface using large-size loop with several turns (typically tens of meters). For the first time, we demonstrate that the water signal in a tunnel can be directly detected using an underground nuclear magnetic resonance (UNMR) experiment. Specifically, we describe the design of a six-meter multi-turn transmitting coil and receiving coil. By conducting UNMR measurements in the Dadushan Tunnel, located in southwestern China, we not only verified the ability to detect the UNMR signal, but also matched the observed data using a 1D inverse model. [Figure: see text]
Design of Analog Front-end Circuit for Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric Instrument
Authors: Zhang Yinglu , Xi Zhenzhu , Chen Xingpeng , Wei Honglan , Huang Long , Xiao Wei 
Published: December 2020

High-performance audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) instrument is one means of obtaining high-quality electromagnetic (EM) data. To improve the ability of AMT system to obtain high-quality data, this paper presents a design for a high-performance analog front-end circuit for AMT instrument. It mainly consists of the input protection, preamplifier, passive high pass filter, power frequency notch filter, programmable amplifier, and active low pass filter. In addition, this paper proposes a design of low-noise, high-performance preamplifier, which improves the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of analog front-end circuit and effectively enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the circuit. The front-end circuit utilized two-stage twin-T notch filter to effectively suppress the strong interference of fundamental component of power frequency. Also, it used signal relays to control circuit gain and selection of cutoff frequency of anti-aliasing filter, resulting in the improvement of the capability of the analog-to-digital Converter (ADC) to distinguish weak EM signal. The measured results of the electric field and magnetic field channel showed that: 1) The circuit works in frequency range of 1 Hz∼100 kHz; 2) The CMRR values of the preamplifier of electric field channel at low frequencies (1 Hz∼1 kHz) are 111 dB and 97 dB when the gains are 20 dB and 6 dB respectively; 3) The maximum attenuation fundamental power frequency can reach −39.46 dB and −39.04 dB respectively; 4) The total harmonic distortion rate at 1 kHz is 0.022% and 0.029% respectively; 5) The input noise levels of electric field channel are 12.67nV / [Formula: see text] @10Hz and 8.15V / [Formula: see text] @1kHz, while the input noise levels of magnetic field channel are 8.97nV / [Formula: see text] @10Hz and 6.16V / [Formula: see text] @1kHz; and 6) In conclusion, the analog front-end circuit is superior to meet the requirements of the AMT methods, and provides a useful reference for the development of AMT instrument.
Unplugging Standalone Sand-Control Screens Using High-Power Shock Waves
Authors: Habibi Ali , Fensky Charles E. , Perri Mike , Roostaei Morteza , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Fattahpour Vahidoddin , Zeng Hongbo , Sadrzadeh Mohtada 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPrevious studies showed that different parameters influence the plugging of completion tools. These parameters include rock mineralogy, reservoir-fluid properties, and type of completion tools. Although different methods have been used for unplugging these tools, there is still debate regarding the performance of these methods on damage removal. In this study, we assessed the performance of high-power shock waves generated from an electrohydraulic-stimulation (EHS) tool on cleaning completion tools plugged during oil production. These devices were extracted from different wells in Canada, Europe, and the US. First, we quantified the extent of cleaning for the plugged slotted liners using the EHS tool at the laboratory scale. Next, we analyzed the mineral composition of the plugging materials removed after the treatment by conducting scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), colorimetric, and dry-combustion analyses. Finally, we reviewed the pulsing-stimulation-treatment results applied to several field case studies. The results of unplugging slotted liners at the laboratory scale showed that up to 28.5% of the plugged slots are cleaned after 120 pulses of shock waves. The mineral-characterization results showed that the main plugging materials are calcite, silicates, and iron-based components (corrosion products). The cleaning performance (CP) of the EHS tool increases by increasing the number of pulses and the output energy (OE) applied to the tool. The CP parameter is high at (i) high concentrations of carbonates, barium (Ba)-based components, and organic matter, and (ii) low concentrations of corrosion products and sulfates. The results of field case studies showed that the cleaning of the EHS tool is not limited to the sand-control devices and it can clean other tools that are less accessible for other techniques, such as subsurface safety valves. This paper provides a better understanding of the performance of shock waves on damage removal from plugged completion tools. The results could open new insight into the applications of shock waves for cleaning the completion tools.
Characteristics of retinal detachment associated with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Lee Youlim , Park Woo-kyung , Kim Rae-Young , Kim Mirinae , Park Young-Gun , Park Young-Hoon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To examine the characteristics of rhegmatous retinal detachment(RRD) associated with atopic dermatitis.Study design: retrospective case-control studyMethodThe study was conducted between 2008 and 2018, whereby 2257 patients underwent RD surgery at this clinic. Among them, 61 patients who have been diagnosed as atopy were treated as experimental group, and 100 patients who didn’t have atopy were randomly selected as control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In this study, demographics, characteristics of detachment, initial operative method, and prognosis after surgery were investigated. Additionally, in pseudophakic RD patients, the period between the cataract surgery and onset of RD was measured.Result: In atopy group, postoperative VA and prognosis were significantly worse and bilateral involvement of RD was more common than control group. However, it is notable that there was no difference of mean preoperative VA and refractive index between two groups. There was a difference in characteristics of retinal breaks in two groups. Additionally, it was noted that in pseudophakic patients, the risk of developing RD within 1 year after cataract surgery was significantly higher in atopic group than in control group.Conclusion: Generally speaking, RD in atopy occurs at a young age and has different characteristics noted than with non-atopic patients. In this context, atopic RD has poor visual prognosis, and for this reason it requires careful management. Furthermore, the risk of developing RD within 1 year after cataract surgery is higher in atopy, and thus we suggest regular and extensive check-up after cataract surgery especially in atopic patients.
Quantum Transport in A Single Molecular Transistor at Finite Temperature
Authors: Kalla Manasa , Chebrolu Narasimha Raju , Chatterjee Ashok 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study quantum transport in a single molecular transistor in which the central region consists of a single-level quantum dot and is connected to two metallic leads that act as a source and a drain respectively. The quantum dot is considered to be under the influence of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions. The central region is placed on an insulating substrate that acts as a heat reservoir that interacts with the quantum dot phonon giving rise to a damping effect to the quantum dot. The electron-phonon interaction is decoupled by applying a canonical transformation and then the spectral density of the quantum dot is calculated from the resultant Hamiltonian by using Keldysh Green function technique. We also calculate the tunneling current density and differential conductance to study the effect of quantum dissipation, electron correlation and the lattice effects on quantum transport in a single molecular transistor at finite temperature.
A Markov Random Field Model for Network-based Differential Expression Analysis of Single-cell RNA-seq Data
Authors: Li Hongyu , Xu Zhichao , Adams Taylor , Kaminski Naftali , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent development of single cell sequencing technologies has made it possible to identify genes with different expression (DE) levels at the cell type level between different groups of samples. However, the often-low sample size of single cell data limits the statistical power to identify DE genes. In this article, we propose to borrow information through known biological networks. Results: We develop MRFscRNAseq, which is based on a Markov Random Field (MRF) model to appropriately accommodate gene network information as well as dependencies among cell types to identify cell-type specific DE genes. We implement an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm with mean field-like approximation to estimate model parameters and a Gibbs sampler to infer DE status. Simulation study shows that our method has better power to detect cell-type specific DE genes than conventional methods while appropriately controlling type I error rate. The usefulness of our method is demonstrated through its application to study the pathogenesis and biological processes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data set, which contains 18,150 protein-coding genes across 38 cell types on lung tissues from 32 IPF patients and 28 normal controls.Conclusions: The proposed MRF model is implemented in the R package MRFscRNAseq available on GitHub. By utilizing gene-gene and cell-cell networks, our method provides differential expression analysis for scRNA-seq data with increased statistical power.
Analysis of Tuberculosis Cases Notification and Treatment Outcomes Among Refugee Camps In Kenya: Four Year Retrospective Study, 2014-2017
Authors: Legesse Tsegay , Mulesh Stephen , Anjuri Dorothy , Ngure Miriam , Chiari Salad , Chepkwong Fredrick , Okemwa Job , Diney Adbirushid , Frah Abdillah , Alwan Fathia , Kassa Desta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is more severe in refugee populations. Analyzing the key indicators of TB program performance is important to improve the effectiveness of TB control in the refugee camps. This study aimed to analyze trends in TB case notification, treatment outcomes and factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment in Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps in Kenya. Methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, demographic and clinical data all TB cases registered in the refugee camps from January 2014 to December 2017 were extracted. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for variables associated with unsuccessful TB treatment.Results. A total of 2055 TB cases of whom 56.8% men and 57.7% age 15-44 years were registered. Number of notified cases decreased from 532 in 2014 to 473 in 2016 (11.1% decrease) then increased to 554 in 2017(16.9% increase in one year). From 2014 to 2017 there was consistent increase in percentage of EPTB (16.2% to 21.1%), and in contribution of children (<15 years) to total TB cases (20.3% to 25.8%) and to EPTB (36.1% to 44.4%). Proportion of bacteriologically confirmed new and relapse pulmonary cases increased from 49.5% to 60.9%. Treatment success rate remained higher at 92.6% to 94.4%. On average 41.7% were cured, 2.3% lost to follow-up (LTFU) (increasing from 1.3% to 3.2%), 2.2% died (decreasing from 2.4% to 1.6%), 1.6% not evaluated (decreasing from 3.2% to 1.3%), and 0.5% treatment failed. Unsuccessful treatment outcome was significantly associated with pretreatment weight < 40 Kg, being male, smear positive PTB, HIV infection, and age >15 years (increased with age).Conclusions: Number of notified TB cases has decreased from 2014 to 2016, but increased in 2017. There was continuous increase in percentage of EPTB and childhood TB. Proportion of bacteriologically confirmed new and relapse pulmonary cases has increased overtime. Treatment success remained higher above global target (90%) which should be maintained. Special socioeconomic support and follow-up is required for TB patients who are at higher risk of unsuccessful treatment.
Population Attributable Fractions of Caffeine and Water Pipe on Low Birth Weight: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in Iran
Authors: Nematollahi Shahrzad , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Rahimi-Foroushani Abbas , Mouseli Ali , Shabkhiz Hossein , Holakouie-Naieni Koroush 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo estimate Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) and Generalized Impact Fractions (GIFs) for LBW following scenarios to remove or decrease prenatal use of caffeine or water pipe.Methods‎Using data of 861 pregnant women from a population-based prospective cohort study ‎in suburbs of Bandar Abbas city (2016-2018), PAFs and GIFs were calculated based on the relative risk scale. Practical interventional scenarios to reduce the exposure prevalence were developed for calculation of GIFs. ResultsThe cumulative incidence of LBW was 16.1%. An estimated 19% (95%CI: 6, 30%) of LBW neonates was attributed to dietary caffeine intake of >100 mg/day and 11% (95%CI: 8,14%) to water pipe smoking. Action plans to reduce caffeine intake and water pipe smoking suggested an avoidable burden of LBW cases of approximately 10.7% (95% CI: 6.6, 25.3%) and 5.7% ‎‎(95%CI: ‎5.0, 6.8%), respectively.‎ConclusionsWater pipe smoking and excessive consumption of caffeine during pregnancy decreased birth weight. Practical action plans to control water pipe smoking ‎and to prevent excessive intake of ‎caffeine ‎among pregnant women would substantially reduce LBW burden in the south of Iran. ‎
Aberrant Expression of SCARA5 in Lung Adenocarcinoma and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Yu Genhua , Gong Xufeng , Fu Aixia , Hou Yan , Xia Jingping , Wang Ning , Zhao Wei , Hu Haili , Ouyang Jingjing , Fei Lei , Wei Qichun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma, the main subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, leading one of the most aggressive and fatal causes of malignant deaths around the world. Scavenger receptor class A member 5 (SCARA5), a newly discovered tumor suppressor gene, belonged to the SR family. The present study’s object was to explore the clinical impacts of SCARA5 in lung adenocarcinoma treatment. MethodsSCARA5 expressions in 120 paired lung adenocarcinoma patients’ tissues and cell lines were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, and western blot assays further demonstrated the significance of SCARA5 on A549 cell growth. Then, the relationships between the expression level of SCARA5 and pathological factors were analyzed. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and overall survival analysis was carried out to verify the diagnostic and prognostic significance of SCARA5 in lung adenocarcinoma. ResultsSCARA5 was prominently decreased in lung adenocarcinoma cells and tissues compared with human bronchial epithelial cells and para-carcinoma non-tumor tissues. Meanwhile, SCARA5 expression was strongly correlated with smoking (P = 0.0011), TNM stage (P < 0.0001) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0005). Furthermore, SCARA5 may be a crucial biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9102 while SCARA5 could significantly reduce overall survival (OS; P = 0.0006). In vitro experiments, we found that SCARA5 overexpressing could significantly hinder A549 cell proliferation but facilitate apoptosis through the AKT signaling pathway. Conclusions﻿SCARA5 might be an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Ag2O/GO/TiO2 Composite Nanostructure: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for one Pot Synthesis of Bis (Dihydropyrimidinone) and Tetrahydro-4H-chromenes Derivatives
Authors: Zadeh Fatemeh Samandi , Mohammadi Mohammad Kazem , Rayatzadeh Ayeh , Hasanzadeh Neda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The simple and efficient synthesis reaction was used for preparing Bis (dihydropyrimidinone) derivatives through Biginelli condensation reaction of terephthalic aldehyde, 1, 3-dicarbonyl compounds and (thio) urea or guanidine and tetrahydro-4H-chromenes via one pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and dimedone with Ag2O/GO/TiO2 composite nanostructures as a catalyst. The structural functionalities and morphological observations of catalyst were obtained using characterization techniques of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The structures of Bis (dihydropyrimidinone) and tetrahydro-4H-chromenes confirmed by FT- IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Excellent yields of the products, simple reaction process and simple work-up are attractive features of these effective synthesis methods.
The First Data on the Fauna and Geographical Distribution of Medically Important Scorpions in Golestan Province, Northeast of Iran
Authors: Sofizadeh Aioub , Kalteh Ehsan Allah , Saeedi Shahin , Bavani Mulood Mohammmadi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: this study was conducted to determine the medically relevant scorpion’s species and produce their geographical distribution in Golestan Province for the first time, to collect basic information to produce regional antivenom. Because for scorpion treatment a polyvalent antivenom is use in Iran, and some time it failed to treatment, for solve this problem govement decide to produce regional antivenom.Scorpions were captured at day and night time using ruck rolling and Ultra Violet methods during 2019. Then specimens transferred to a 75% alcohol-containing plastic bottle. Finally the specimens under a stereomicroscope using a valid identification key were identified. Distribution maps were introduced using GIS 10.4.Results: A total of 111 scorpion samples were captured from the province, all belonging to the Buthidae family, including Mesobuthus eupeus (97.3%), Orthochirus farzanpayi (0.9%) and Mesobuthus caucasicus (1.8%) species. M. eupeus has the highest distribution and abundance in the region and is introduced as the leading cause of scorpion sting in the region. This species was captured from all-mountainous, forest and lowland areas. O. farzanpayi and M. caucasicus species are new for the scorpion fauna of golestan province.Mesobuthus eupeus is the most prevalence species in Golestan province and regarded as the most medically important scorpion species in this region.
Serum Vitamin&nbsp;D Components&nbsp;and Whole Blood Trace Elements&nbsp;Storage&nbsp;in Chinese Short Stature Children
Authors: Xu Bei , Feng Yue , Gan Lingling , Zhang Yamei , Jiang Wenqiang , Feng Jiafu , Yu Lin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Literature data on nutritional status in short stature children are unfortunately still scarce. The aim of the study was to compare the serum levels of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, total 25(OH)D and whole blood trace elements between short stature and healthy controls in Chinese children.Methods: A case-control study including 370 short stature (SS) children and 398 healthy controls (HC) was performed in Mianyang Central Hospital from January 2017 to June 2020. Serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were accurately measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and were summed to obtain total 25(OH)D. Whole blood concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se) and lead (Pb) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Results: 25(OH)D2 and total 25(OH)D levels in the SS group were significantly lower than the HC subjects (both P<0.05). Besides, both 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were positively correlated with total 25(OH)D in the SS and HC groups. 25(OH)D2 levels had weakly negative association with 25(OH)D3 among healthy subjects, whereas no correlation between 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 levels was found in short stature group. Otherwise, a significant elevation was observed in Zn (P<0.001), Fe (P<0.001), and Se (P=0.027) in SS patients, while a statistically significant decrease in Cu (P=0.002) and Mn (P<0.001) was found. Additionally, the significant correlation of serum levels of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, total 25(OH)D and trace elements were observed between SS and HC group.Conclusion: SS children had more severe deficiency of 25(OH)D2 and total 25(OH)D than healthy subjects. In addition, deficiency of Cu and Mn, but elevation of Zn, Fe and Se were observed. Achieved information about vitamin D and trace element status in SS subjects could further improve the nutritional status of these patient groups.