bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of progressive oral implant rehabilitation in mastication, cognition and oral health‐related quality of life outcomes—A pilot to define the protocol
Authors: Tan Daniel , Foster Sheryl , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. , Oxenham Vincent , Whittle Terry , Klineberg Iven 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe implications of oral rehabilitation after tooth loss require further investigation.ObjectivesTo conduct a pilot study to investigate: (a) changes in masticatory performance with progressive oral implant rehabilitation (POR); (b) association between POR and neurocognitive function using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); and (c) oral health‐related quality of life (OHQoL) outcomes.MethodsFour completely edentulous patients (mean age: 73 ± 1.4 years) participated. Each received new complete removable dental prostheses (RDPs) transitioned to mandibular two implant‐retained RDPs (IR‐RDP). Assessments were performed at 4 time points for neurocognitive skills, fMRI with functional tasks (jaw clenching, working memory and sustained attention, inhibition), masticatory performance with colour‐changing gum and OHQoL. Assessments were performed with new complete RDPs (T0 as baseline data) and IR‐RDPs at 1 week (T1), 6 weeks (T2) and 12 months (T3) post‐insertion. Data analyses were based on intra‐patient and inter‐patient results.ResultsMasticatory performance and QoL improved with an IR‐RDP at each time point. FMRI jaw clenching sensory and motor cortical activity decreased at T1, with motor cortical activity increasing to T0 levels at T2. For cognitive fMRI activation tasks, cortical activity decreased from T0 to T1 across all regions of interests (ROI) and increased at T2 throughout the cognitive brain regions. Neurocognitive skills declined at T1, followed by improvement to or beyond T0 levels at T2.ConclusionImprovements in masticatory performance and OHQoL occurred from complete RDPs to IR‐RDP. Prosthetic adaptation was associated with neurocognitive changes to pre‐insertion activity levels or greater after 6 weeks. These pilot data suggest both behavioural and neural associations between POR and cognition; however, larger study numbers are required.
Host range of Peronospora somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis within selected members of the Papaveraceae under controlled conditions
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Krithika , Thangavel Tamilarasan , Jones Suzanne , Scott Jason B. , Wilson Calum R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOpium poppy, belonging to the family Papaveraceae, is grown for its alkaloid compounds of pharmaceutical value. Downy mildew caused by Peronospora somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis, substantially impacts crop production. The present study was conducted to identify the host range of Pe. somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis within selected weed and ornamental members of the Papaveraceae family. Nine Papaver spp., Meconopsis cambrica and a nonhost control (tomato, Solanum lycopersicum) were challenged with both pathogens under controlled glasshouse or laboratory conditions using infested soil or foliar applied sporangia as inocula. Peronospora somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis induced disease symptoms, including sporulation, in at least one trial for all tested species except for Pa. atlanticum and tomato. Species‐specific PCR testing of foliage of challenged plants confirmed infections by both pathogen species of symptomatic plants, identifying these as hosts. Positive PCR tests were also obtained from Pa. atlanticum plants for both pathogens. However, in the absence of pathogen sporulation structures as further evidence of infection, the host status of Pa. atlanticum remains inconclusive. Testing of seeds collected from Pe. somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis infected plants of Pa. somniferum, Pa. dubium, Pa. rhoeas and Pa. nudicaule showed presence of both pathogens, indicating likely ability for seed transmission in these species. We identified new hosts of these pathogens and discuss potential implications of these alternative hosts in pathogen survival, dissemination and epidemic initiation.
Religious/spiritual care needs and treatment alliance among clinical mental health patients
Authors: Van Nieuw Amerongen‐Meeuse Joke C. , Schaap‐Jonker Hanneke , Anbeek Christa , Braam Arjan W. 
Published: September 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The relationship between patient and professional is one of the cornerstones of successful treatment in mental health care.

For part of the mental health patients, a similar outlook on life with their caregiver(s) is important.

Attention to religion/spirituality (R/S) in mental health care is likely to influence the relationship between a patient and mental health professional, for patients preferring so.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Patients, who appreciate and experience personalized attention to R/S in conversations with practitioners and nurses, are likely to receive the highest therapeutic benefit from their relationship with their mental health professionals

Patients who welcome personalized attention to R/S in conversations but find themselves unsupported in this regard experience significantly lower levels of treatment alliance than do those whose needs are met or those who do not express such needs

For religious and nonreligious patients attaching importance to a similar outlook on life with practitioner or nurse, this experience was also related to a better relationship, compared with patients preferring so but experiencing a different outlook on life.

What are the implications for practice?

Personalized attention to R/S in conversations is recommended, both for practitioners and nurses.

In case of a different outlook on life between a patient and mental health professional, addressing R/S with an open and respectful attitude may prevent negative effects on a patient’s treatment experience.

AbstractIntroductionAttention to religion and spirituality (R/S) in mental health care has increased and may benefit treatment alliance.AimTo describe the association of (un)met R/S care needs with treatment alliance and compliance among mental health patients.MethodsPatients in a Christian and a secular mental health clinic (n = 201) filled in a questionnaire. Scales of met and unmet R/S care needs (range 0‒14) were regressed on the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), Service Engagement Scale and Medication Adherence Report Scale. Ancova analyses were performed for the fourteen R/S care needs separately.ResultsIn the Christian clinic, met R/S care needs were associated with a higher WAI score (p = .001) and unmet R/S care needs, with a lower WAI score (p = .000). For the Secular clinic, the same trends were observed, but insignificant. Items with the strongest associations were conversations about religious distress with a nurse (p = .000) and a similar outlook on life with practitioner (p = .001) or nurse (p = .005). (Un)met R/S care needs were not associated with treatment compliance.Discussion and implications for practiceWe recommend personalized attention to R/S in conversations. A (perceived) similar outlook on life with mental health professionals may be beneficial for religious and nonreligious patients.
Increased levels of interleukin‐32 isoforms alpha, beta, gamma, and delta in the gingival crevicular fluid and plasma of the patients with periodontitis
Authors: Öngöz Dede Figen , Gökmenoğlu Ceren , Deveci Emre Taha , Çelen Selman , Avci Bahattin , Kara Cankat , Çanakçi Varol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveInterleukin (IL)‐32, which has been recently reported to be associated with periodontitis, has been suggested to have pleiotropic effect due to its 9 different isoforms. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of IL‐32α, IL‐32β, IL‐32γ, IL‐32δ isoforms in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment in patients with periodontitis (P).Materials and MethodsTwenty‐seven P and 27 periodontally healthy controls (C) were recruited in this study. Non‐surgical periodontal treatment was performed to periodontitis patients. GCF and plasma sampling and clinical periodontal parameters were evaluated before and 1 month after treatment. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the levels of IL‐32α, IL‐32β, IL‐32γ, IL‐32δ isoforms in GCF and plasma samples.ResultsThe levels of IL‐32α, IL‐32β, IL‐32γ, and IL‐32δ in plasma and GCF were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis than healthy controls (P < .001). In P group, plasma and GCF IL‐32α, IL‐32β, IL‐32γ, and IL‐32δ levels after non‐surgical periodontal treatment were lower when compared to baseline (P < .001). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between GCF and plasma IL‐32α, IL‐32β, IL‐32γ, and IL‐32δ levels in all groups at baseline and after treatment (P < .05).ConclusionThe study supported that there was a relationship between elevated levels of IL‐32 isoforms and periodontitis. Also, our novel findings suggest that the pro‐inflammatory role of IL‐32 in the periodontitis may be originated from IL‐32α, IL‐32β, IL‐32γ, and IL‐32δ isoforms.
From delayed succession to alternative successional trajectory: How different moose browsing pressures contribute to forest dynamics following clear‐cutting
Authors: De Vriendt Laurent , Lavoie Sébastien , Barrette Martin , Tremblay Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsSelective browsing can be a chronic disturbance that reduces the survival, growth and reproduction of individual species and shapes the composition and structure of plant communities. Along with other disturbances that perturb the forest ecosystem, browsing may thus affect forest regeneration and successional trajectories after an acute perturbation such as clear‐cutting. However, effects of different browsing pressures on plant species, communities and ultimately succession remain hard to predict.MethodsWe implemented a browsing exclusion experiment (n = 15 sites) along a gradient of moose browsing pressure to investigate how this factor influenced the early‐successional trajectory of boreal forests following clear‐cutting in eastern Canada. We used Principal Response Curve analyses to compare the trajectory of the plant communities depending on site‐specific moose browsing pressure and analyzed the trajectory of individual species leveraging these curves.ResultsOur results show that all browsing pressures lead to alterations in plant communities when compared to exclosures, but the effect was stronger under heavier browsing pressure. Under heavier browsing pressure, we observed a lower ground cover of balsam fir, an increased ground cover of raspberry, reaching more than 60%, and a lower abundance of saplings for balsam fir, birches and rowan.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that forest response to browsing is a function of local browsing pressure and that moose mainly slowed forest succession toward a closed canopy. However, heavier browsing pressure, through reduced sapling abundance and the resulting increased cover of competitive raspberry, may delay forest succession and push the ecosystem toward an alternative successional trajectory. As heavy selective browsing can interact with anthropogenic disturbances to determine forest succession, we recommend strong integration of the forest and wildlife management sectors to promote sustainability.
Interaction of climate change and nitrogen deposition on subalpine pastures
Authors: Wüst‐Galley Chloé , Volk Matthias , Bassin Seraina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsNitrogen (N) deposition causes compositional shifts in subalpine grassland, which can threaten their high plant species diversity. The effects of the interaction of N deposition and climate change are unknown. What are the independent and joint effects of N deposition, warming and water stress on plant functional group cover in subalpine grassland? Do these results apply to the main grassland types of this region typical of base‐poor and ‐rich soils? What vegetation changes can we expect with the current N critical load limits in a warmer future?LocationCentral Alps, southeast Switzerland.MethodsA fully‐factorial three‐way transplant experiment was established, with a water treatment and three‐level N addition (+0, +3, +15 kg N·ha−1·year−1) along an elevation gradient representing temperature changes of −1.4 to +3.0°C. In all, 216 monoliths, sourced from six summer pastures and with vegetation typical of base‐poor and base‐rich soils, were grown in the experimental site for five years. The cover of functional groups (grasses, sedges, forbs and legumes) was estimated annually.ResultsNitrogen addition increased sedge cover only at cooler sites. Grass cover was higher at warmer compared to cooler sites, but the watering treatment reversed this pattern. N addition increased grass cover at warmer sites. Legumes showed a unimodal temperature response with maximum cover at +0.7 to +1.8°C. Further warming decreased their cover and also that of forbs. Watering increased the cover of the latter two functional groups at warmer sites especially.ConclusionsIn subalpine grassland, the stimulating effect of increased N on sedge cover is dampened by increased temperatures in both grassland types. Within the current critical N load limits, however, a distinct compositional change — increased grass cover — is expected in a warmer climate. Forb and legume cover decreases with temperature increases greater than 2°C, attributable to both water deficit and temperature.
Compositional variation in understorey fern and palm communities along a soil fertility and rainfall gradient in a lower montane tropical forest
Authors: Viana Jéssica Lira , Turner Benjamin Luke , Dalling James William 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuestionsFerns and palms are key components of tropical wet forest understories. The distributions of these groups are influenced by variation in rainfall and soil properties, although the degree to which their resource requirements overlap remains unclear. Palms and ferns also represent extremes in a spectrum of reproductive traits, which may impact habitat requirements and compositional turnover. We asked whether: (a) environmental variables influence fern and palm distributions in a similar manner across a gradient in soil nutrient availability; and (b) larger propagule size and lower reproductive output in palms result in greater spatial aggregation of populations and, consequently, greater distance–decay rates in community similarity in palms than ferns.LocationOld‐growth premontane forest, Fortuna, western Panama.MethodsAll ferns and palms were sampled in fifteen 5 m × 5 m subplots in each of 12 one‐hectare plots. The plots span a strong gradient in soil nutrient availability related to parent material. Light, precipitation and soil variables were measured in each subplot. Species associations were analyzed using ordination and regression, as well as Procrustes and Mantel tests.ResultsParent material significantly impacted compositional similarity of both ferns and palms, with fern compositional variation related to total soil N:P ratio and red:far red (R:FR), and palms with bulk density (p < 0.05). Palm and fern abundances were not correlated; however, tree fern abundances showed an opposing abundance relationship with total soil N:P and R:FR compared to herbaceous ferns and palms. Distance–decay rates in compositional similarity were slightly higher for palms than ferns.ConclusionsFerns and palms show similar patterns of compositional variation in response to resource availability but were related to distinct environmental factors. Soil fertility and light availability emerged as key factors in predicting the abundance of plant groups, with clear partitioning of environmental gradients only apparent when tree ferns were compared with other groups.
Cellular senescence and hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma: An intriguing link
Authors: Karakousis Nikolaos D. , Papatheodoridi Alkistis , Chatzigeorgiou Antonios , Papatheodoridis George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic hepatitis B is mainly responsible for the morbidity and mortality from hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and decompensated cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma remains the main challenge in the management of not only undiagnosed and/or untreated but also diagnosed and treated patients with chronic HBV infection, as its incidence decreases but is not eliminated even after many years of effective anti‐HBV therapy. The exact mechanisms used by HBV to cause malignant transformation remain uncertain, although much of the available data are in favour of a pathogenetic role of HBx protein. Senescence is a cellular state, in which cells lose their ability to proliferate. This biological mechanism may function in a dual mode, namely being both cancer‐protective as a result of reduced cellular proliferation, but also cancer‐enhancing as a result of modulation of the tissular microenvironment by immune cells during persistent accumulation of senescent cells. Protein X of HBV protein exhibits many similarities in terms of the implemented mechanisms of action and pathways related to the biological process of cellular senescence. Concurrently, insufficient clearance of both senescent and precancerous hepatocytes combined with inadequate immune surveillance as a result of immunosenescence caused by chronic HBV infection may lead to hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, the effect of HBV seems to be critical as a connecting link between cellular senescence and development of HCC. An ongoing research is underway towards identifying and validating markers of hepatocyte senescence, which could improve the landscape for evaluation of chronic liver disease, thereby providing valuable information in terms of HBV‐related carcinogenesis.
Thermal stratification and fish thermal preference explain vertical eDNA distributions in lakes
Authors: Littlefair Joanne E. , Hrenchuk Lee E. , Blanchfield Paul J. , Rennie Michael D. , Cristescu Melania E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSignificant advances have been made towards surveying animal and plant communities using DNA isolated from environmental samples. Despite rapid progress, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the “ecology” of environmental DNA (eDNA), particularly its temporal and spatial distribution and how this is shaped by abiotic and biotic processes. Here, we tested how seasonal variation in thermal stratification and animal habitat preferences influences the distribution of eDNA in lakes. We sampled eDNA depth profiles of five dimictic lakes during both summer stratification and autumn turnover, each containing warm‐ and cool‐water fishes as well as the cold‐water stenotherm, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Habitat use by S. namaycush was validated by acoustic telemetry and was significantly related to eDNA distribution during stratification. Fish eDNA became “stratified” into layers during summer months, reflecting lake stratification and the thermal niches of the species. During summer months, S. namaycush, which rarely ventured into shallow waters, could only be detected at the deepest layers of the lakes, whereas the eDNA of warm‐water fishes was much more abundant above the thermocline. By contrast, during autumn lake turnover, the fish species assemblage as detected by eDNA was homogenous throughout the water column. These findings contribute to our overall understanding of the “ecology” of eDNA within lake ecosystems, illustrating how the strong interaction between seasonal thermal structure in lakes and thermal niches of species on very localized spatial scales influences our ability to detect species.
The process of slowing down in clinical reasoning during ultrasound consultations
Authors: Groenier Marleen , Christoph Noor , Smeenk Carmen , Endedijk Maaike D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn clinical reasoning, clinicians need to switch between automatic and effortful reasoning to solve both routine and non‐routine problems. This requires the ability to recognise when a problem is non‐routine and adapt one's reasoning mode accordingly, that is to ‘slow down’ the reasoning process. In the current study, we explored the process of these transitions between automatic and effortful reasoning by radiologists who performed ultrasound examinations during consultations at the polyclinic.MethodsManifestations of slowing down in clinical reasoning were explored in 41 out‐patient consultations performed by five radiologists. Interviews before and after the consultations were combined with observations during the consultations to obtain proactively planned triggers, slowing down manifestations and situationally responsive initiators. Transcripts of the interviews and field notes of the observations were coded. The constant comparative method was used to classify slowing down manifestations.ResultsIn thirteen of the 41 consultations, slowing down moments were observed. Four manifestations of slowing down were identified: shifting, checking, searching and focusing. These manifestations mainly differed in how long radiologists maintained effortful reasoning, varying from very short periods (shifting and checking) to sustained periods (searching and focusing). Unexpected patient statements and ambiguous ultrasound images initiated the slowing down moments.DiscussionThe results from this study contribute to understanding how clinicians transition from automatic to effortful reasoning. Also, this study revealed two sources of initiators of this transition in radiologists’ consultations: statements made by the patient and conflicting or ambiguous visual information, in this case from ultrasound images. Natural variations in patient statements and visual information can be used as input of what might be meaningful variation in the domain of radiology education to support expertise development.
Distributional patterns of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) along the Newfoundland East Coast reflect their main prey, capelin (Mallotus villosus)
Authors: Johnson Kelsey F. , Davoren Gail K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOn the Newfoundland foraging ground, humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) primarily consume capelin (Mallotus villosus), which experienced a population collapse in the early 1990s, associated with altered timing of spawning and spawning migration. We examined whether humpback whale movement and distribution match these prey changes. Combining tour company whale sighting reports and photographs, citizen science reports of capelin spawning and scientific monitoring, whales were found to move northward along the east coast and whale aggregation presence within bays was associated with spawning capelin presence, being later in northerly bays. Whale aggregations arrived 8–20 days later than spawning capelin in northern bays, however, suggesting inconsistent tendencies to track high abundance spawning capelin aggregations during migration. Repeated scientific surveys during July–August 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014–2017, within a biological hotspot associated with capelin spawning sites in Notre Dame Bay, revealed that whale presence was influenced by the date of capelin spawning rather than capelin abundance metrics (i.e., biomass, number of shoals, shoal density, shoal area). A photo‐identification catalog compiled during July–August, 2003–2017, revealed a 22% return rate of whales to the hotspot. Overall, findings suggest that capelin spawning sites are important foraging areas for humpback whales in coastal Newfoundland under these altered prey conditions.