bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of neural oscillatory activity in response to speech in children from 4 to 6 years old
Authors: Ríos‐López Paula , Molinaro Nicola , Bourguignon Mathieu , Lallier Marie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent neurophysiological theories propose that the cerebral hemispheres collaborate to resolve the complex temporal nature of speech, such that left‐hemisphere (or bilateral) gamma‐band oscillatory activity would specialize in coding information at fast rates (phonemic information), whereas right‐hemisphere delta‐ and theta‐band activity would code for speech's slow temporal components (syllabic and prosodic information). Despite the relevance that neural entrainment to speech might have for reading acquisition and for core speech perception operations such as the perception of intelligible speech, no study had yet explored its development in young children. In the current study, speech‐brain entrainment was recorded via EEG in a cohort of children at three different time points since they were 4–5 to 6–7 years of age. Our results showed that speech‐brain entrainment occurred only at delta frequencies (0.5 Hz) at all testing times. The fact that, from the longitudinal perspective, coherence increased in bilateral temporal electrodes suggests that, contrary to previous hypotheses claiming for an innate right‐hemispheric bias for processing prosodic information, at 7 years of age the low‐frequency components of speech are processed in a bilateral manner. Lastly, delta speech‐brain entrainment in the right hemisphere was related to an indirect measure of intelligibility, providing preliminary evidence that the entrainment phenomenon might support core linguistic operations since early childhood.
Echocardiographic parameters, speckle tracking, and brain natriuretic peptide levels as indicators of progression of indeterminate stage to Chagas cardiomyopathy
Authors: Echeverría Luis E. , Rojas Lyda Z. , Villamizar María C. , Luengas Carlos , Chaves Angel M. , Rodríguez Jaime A. , Campo Rafael , Clavijo Claudia , Redondo Adriana M. , López Luis A. , Gómez‐Ochoa Sergio Alejandro , Morillo Carlos A. , Rueda‐Ochoa Oscar L. , Franco Oscar H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCM) is characterized by a unique type of cardiac involvement. Few studies have characterized echocardiographic (Echo) transitions from the indeterminate Chagas disease (ChD) form to CCM. The objective of this study was to identify the best cutoffs in multiple Echo parameters, speckle tracking, and N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) to distinguish patients without CCM (stage A) vs patients with myocardial involvement (stages B, C, or D).MethodsCross‐sectional study conducted in 273 consecutive patients with different CCM stages. Echo parameters, NT‐proBNP, and other clinical variables were measured. Logistic regression models (dichotomized in stage A versus B, C, and D) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and NT‐proBNP were performed.ResultsLeft ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS), mitral flow E velocity, LV mass index, and NT‐proBNP identified early changes that differentiated stages A vs B, C, and D. The LV‐GLS with a cutoff −20.5% showed the highest performance (AUC 92.99%; accuracy 84.56% and negative predictive value (NPV) 88.82%), which improved when it was additionally adjusted by NT‐proBNP with a cutoff −20.0% (AUC 94.30%; accuracy 88.42% and NPV 93.55%).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that Echo parameters and NT‐proBNP may be used as diagnostic variables in detecting the onset of myocardial alterations in patients with the indeterminate stage of ChD. LV‐GLS was the more accurate measurement regarding stage A differentiation from the stages B, C, and D. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings.
Selective extinction through cognitive evaluation: Linking emotion regulation and extinction
Authors: Macdonald Birthe , Wake Shannon , Johnstone Tom 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe extinction of a previously conditioned response can be modulated through cognitive processes, including feature‐based information, and explicit instruction. Here, we introduce a selective extinction through cognitive evaluation (SECE) task in which information is cognitively evaluated on a trial‐by‐trial basis to ascertain the extinction contingencies. Participants were conditioned to expect an electric shock during the presentation of one of two letters (CS+/CS−). During the SECE task, the letters were presented within words belonging to two categories, one of which indicated safety (COG−_CS+ trials), while risk of shock was maintained for the other category (COG+_CS+ trials). Skin conductance responses indicated that participants reduced their response to COG−_CS+ trials compared to COG+_CS+ trials. Clusters in bilateral insula and anterior cingulate cortex showed activation for COG+_CS+ trials that was reduced for COG−_CS+ trials. A network of brain regions, including left inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral temporal and parietal cortices showed greater activation for COG−_CS+ versus COG+_CS+ trials. This is consistent with the semantic processing and decision‐making necessary to evaluate the trial contingencies. We compared activation in the SECE task to activation in a cognitive reappraisal task in which participants were asked to attend to, or regulate their emotional reactions to affective IAPS images. This task replicated prefrontal activation seen in previous reappraisal studies. A voxelwise conjunction analysis found no overlap between the cognitive reappraisal and the SECE task, but we did find evidence for common activation in follow‐up ROI analyses, supporting the idea of common lateral prefrontal mechanisms involved in both processes.
Assessing the effectiveness of subjective cognitive decline plus criteria in predicting the progression to Alzheimer’s disease: an 11‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Mazzeo S. , Padiglioni S. , Bagnoli S. , Carraro M. , Piaceri I. , Bracco L. , Nacmias B. , Sorbi S. , Bessi V. 
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a self‐experienced decline in cognitive capacity with normal performance on standardized cognitive tests and has been shown to increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). SCD could also be related to other conditions such as normal aging, psychiatric, neurological or medical disorders. The SCD Initiative proposed a set of features (SCD‐plus) that increase the likelihood of preclinical AD in individuals with SCD. Our aim was to assess the effect of these features on the risk of conversion from SCD to AD.MethodsIn total 150 SCD subjects who underwent extensive neuropsychological investigation, assessment of cognitive complaints and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotyping at baseline and clinical‐neuropsychological follow‐up for a mean time of 11 years were included.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 20 subjects developed AD. Considering SCD‐plus features, age at onset ≥60 years and ApoE ε4 significantly increased the risk of conversion from SCD to AD. When our sample was stratified into three groups (no risk factor, one risk factor, two risk factors), the proportion of conversion was statistically significantly different between the three groups.ConclusionsOur model allows the risk of AD to be stratified in patients experiencing SCD according to age at onset and ApoE genotype.
Potential for soil organic carbon sequestration in grasslands in East African countries: A review
Authors: Tessema Bezaye , Sommer Rolf , Piikki Kristin , Söderström Mats , Namirembe Sara , Notenbaert An , Tamene Lulseged , Nyawira Sylvia , Paul Birthe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrasslands occupy almost half of the world's land area. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key indicator of soil fertility and grassland productivity. Increasing SOC stocks (so‐called SOC sequestration) improves soil fertility and contributes to climate change mitigation by binding atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Grasslands constitute about 70% of all agricultural land, but their potential for SOC sequestration is largely unknown. This review paper quantitatively summarizes observation‐based studies on the SOC sequestration potential of grasslands in six East African countries (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) and seeks to identify knowledge gaps related to SOC sequestration potential in the region. In the studies reviewed, SOC stocks in grasslands range from 3 to 93 Mg C/ha in the upper 0.3 m of the soil profile, while SOC sequestration rate ranges from 0.1 to 3.1 Mg C ha‐1 year‐1 under different management strategies. Grazing management is reported to have a considerable impact on SOC sequestration rates, and grassland regeneration and protection are recommended as options to stimulate SOC sequestration. However, a very limited number of relevant studies are available (n = 23) and there is a need for fundamental information on SOC sequestration potential in the region. The effectiveness of potential incentive mechanisms, such as payments for environmental services, to foster uptake of SOC‐enhancing practices should also be assessed.
Experience‐based co‐design—Adapting the method for a researcher‐initiated study in a multi‐site setting
Authors: Raynor David K. , Ismail Hanif , Blenkinsopp Alison , Fylan Beth , Armitage Gerry , Silcock Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundExperience‐based co‐design (EBCD) brings patients and staff together to co‐design services. It is normally conducted in one organization which initiates and implements the process. We used the traditional EBCD method with a number of adaptations as part of a larger research study in the British National Health Service.MethodsThe primary aim was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of conducting research‐initiated EBCD, to enhance intervention development prior to testing. As well as embedding the method in a research study, there were 3 further key adaptations: (a) working across primary and secondary care sectors, (b) working on multiple sites and (c) incorporating theory‐informed analysis.ResultsWe recruited four sites (covering both primary and secondary care) and, on each site, conducted the initial traditional EBCD meetings, with separate staff and patient groups—followed by a single joint patient‐staff event, where four priority areas for co‐design were agreed. This event was driven by theory‐informed analysis, as well as the traditional trigger film of patient experiences. Each site worked on one priority area, and the four co‐design groups met over 2‐3 months to design prototype tools. A second joint event was held (not usually undertaken in single‐site EBCD) where they shared and compared outputs. The research team combined elements of these outputs to create an intervention, now being tested in a cluster randomized controlled trial.ConclusionsEBCD can be successfully adapted for use across an entire patient pathway with multiple organizations and as part of a research process to identify an intervention for subsequent testing in a randomized trial. Our pragmatic approach used the patient experience to identify areas for improvement and co‐designed an intervention which directly reflected patient priorities.
More than Meals: A Narrative Criminological Analysis of Inmate‐Authored Cookbooks
Authors: STEARNS A.E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCookbooks are cultural artifacts, providing glimpses into the ways in which a society views itself. Cookbooks of incarcerated individuals are notably absent from the landscape of scholarly work, although the genre can tell us much about a largely invisible segment of society. Using a narrative criminology approach, this project situates inmate‐authored cookbooks as narrative and examines 13 inmate‐authored cookbooks to determine how the structural elements of these narratives establish (or fail to establish) links with wider, mainstream society. Results suggest that the majority of inmate‐authored cookbooks employ narrative structures and strategies that engage with outside society by challenging the nature of ‘otherness’. Only a few cookbooks utilise such strategies as inside humour or violent narratives to mark the boundaries of prison culture. Findings help to extend the theoretical usefulness of narrative criminology, broaden and deepen our understanding of the prison experience, and establish the prison cookbook as a valid form of narrative.
SILICA and its process zone
Authors: Rountree Cindy L. , Feng Weiying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article reviews recent works concerning the damage area size ahead of a crack front in oxide glasses. Literature exemplifies the importance of understanding the crack propagation dynamics in oxide glasses with a number of papers concerning dynamic and stress corrosion cracking in complex (and simplified) oxide glasses. In general, the linear elastic fracture mechanic equation breaks down near the crack front, in a zone frequently called the process zone. The question is how large is this zone near the crack tip? This paper reviews four different techniques to capture the process zone size in pure silica: Atomic force microscopy imaging, neutron diffraction, photon capture, and molecular dynamics simulations. Velocities of the crack front range between stress corrosion cracking dynamics and dynamic fracture, thus providing a better understanding of how the process zone depends on the velocity of the crack front.
Recent trends in cardiac electrophysiology and catheter ablation in New Zealand
Authors: Foo Fang Shawn , Stiles Martin K. , Clare Geoffrey C. , Lever Nigel , Hooks Darren , Heaven David , Boddington Dean ,   Heart Rhythm New Zealand (HRNZ)
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation has rapidly become an integral part of the management of many arrhythmias.AimsTo provide a history of clinical cardiac electrophysiology (EP) in New Zealand (NZ) and analysis of recent trends in EP procedures and catheter ablations across NZ, which has not previously been reported.MethodsEP case type and volume were obtained from the EP databases from each of the four public and four private EP centres in NZ from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. Procedure rates were expressed as per million population.ResultsA total of 7695 EP cases was performed, including 5929 (77%) in the public sector. Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation was the most common procedure at 29%. EP procedure rates increased by 21% (to 353 per million in 2018), predominantly due to AF ablation rates increasing by 46%. Ventricular tachycardia ablation rates increased by 41% but only comprised 8% of procedures. There was a striking difference in the growth of EP procedure rates in the public compared to the private sector (4% vs 106%), as well as considerable differences in EP procedure and AF ablation rates across the public EP centres. NZ had lower ablation rates compared to countries with similar healthcare expenditure.ConclusionThere has been a substantial increase in EP procedure and AF ablation rates in NZ and international trends suggest this growth will continue. However, there is considerable variation in procedure rates and growth trends between EP centres, highlighting inequities in access within the country.
Male morphotypes of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium brasiliense (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae)
Authors: Nogueira Caio Santos , Pantaleão João Alberto Farinelli , Almeida Ariádine Cristine , Costa Rogerio Caetano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome decapod species have intraspecific morphological variations that result in distinct adult morphotypes that influence the population structure, social dominance, and reproduction of the population. Here we investigated whether this differentiation into morphotypes occurs in adult males of Macrobrachium brasiliense, through the analysis of relative growth and morphology. Specimens were collected in the region of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. Seven dimensions of each male were measured: carapace length (CL), ischium length, merus length, carpus length, propodus length, dactylus length, and major cheliped length. Principal component analysis, clustering, and discriminant analyses were used to identify possible morphotypes. The analysis of relative growth was employed to estimate the growth patterns of body structures (dependent variables) in relation to the CL (independent variable). Two morphotypes were identified: Mirim, which has less developed chelipeds (23.31 ± 3.08 mm) with fewer spines, and Açu, which has larger chelipeds (41.39 ± 8.14 mm) with many well‐developed spines, especially in the merus. Most morphometric relationships differed significantly (p < .01) between the two morphotypes. The chelipeds were useful characters for the identification of the morphotypes of M. brasiliense, corroborating previous descriptions of the genus. We provide a detailed description of the main macroscopic characteristics that differed between morphotypes, which will enable their identification in future studies. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the population biology of M. brasiliense and should be considered in future investigations, since the presence of these male morphotypes probably influences the reproductive biology and population ecology of the species.
Family caregivers' lived experiences of caring for epidermolysis bullosa patients: A phenomenological study
Authors: Wu Yeh‐Hsun , Sun Fan‐Ko , Lee Pei‐Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the lived experiences of family caregivers of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) patients.BackgroundPatients with EB need long‐term care. Their family experiences physical and mental stress while proving that care. However, very little research has explored the family caregivers' actual lived experiences when caring for EB patients.DesignThis is a qualitative research using the phenomenological approach.MethodsData were collected with the assistance of the Taiwan Foundation for Rare Disorders (TFRD). Interviews were conducted between 2015 and 2017 with primary family caregivers (n = 10) who had cared for EB patients for at least five years. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's (1978) seven‐step phenomenological method. COREQ reporting guidelines were utilised.ResultsFour themes and eleven subthemes emerged after data analysis: (a) transformation and helplessness: changing expectations and helplessness associated with the rare, unknown disease; (b) mother's responsibility: mothers loving and protecting their children, surviving through adversity and challenges and self‐experiencing a child's pain; (c) physical and mental fatigue experienced by the whole family: physical and mental exhaustion, and unbalanced lives; and (d) adjustment and social support: providing mutual assistance to mitigate adversity, hopeful search for treatments, the importance of patient associations and rare disease foundations, and social assistance requirements.ConclusionFamily caregivers experience many challenges when caring for EB patients and experience substantial stress and overwhelming burdens. Consequently, they would benefit greatly from various support systems to reduce the burden of caring for EB patients.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals can use the findings from this study to understand the circumstances faced by family caregivers and tailor care and education specifically to support each family's financial, social and household needs, thereby helping them reduce the stress of caring for EB patients.
Methods used to examine technology in relation to the quality of nursing work in acute care: A systematic integrative review
Authors: Redley Bernice , Douglas Tracy , Botti Mari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo systematically locate, assess and synthesise research to describe methods used to examine technology in relation to the quality of nursing work in acute care. Specific objectives were to (a) describe the types of nursing work examined; (b) describe methods used to examine technology in nursing work; (c) identify outcomes used to evaluate technology in relation to the quality of nursing work; and (d) make recommendations for future research.BackgroundNew technologies can offer numerous benefits to nurses; however, it is challenging to evaluate health information technologies in relation to the quality of nurses' complex day‐to‐day work.DesignA systematic integrative review using a five‐step process.MethodsFive databases were searched using search terms “nurs*,” “workload,” “task,” “time.” Data screening, extraction and interpretation were conducted independently by at least two authors and agreement verified by discussion. Data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines.ResultsOf the 41 studies included, most (87.8%, n = 36) examined physical dimensions of nursing work; 31.7% (n = 13) organisational dimensions; 17.1% (n = 8) cognitive dimensions; and only 12.2% (n = 5) emotional dimensions. More than half (58.5%, n = 24) examined only one dimension; one captured all four dimensions. Most frequently examined technologies were electronic medical/health records (36.5%) and electronic medication management (19.5%). Direct observation (58.8%, n = 28) and multiple methods (19.5%, n = 8) were the most common methods; nurse tasks, frequency, duration and time distribution were variables most often measured.ConclusionsExaminations of technology in nursing work often failed to capture the multiple dimensions of this work nor did they recognise the complexity of day‐to‐day nursing work in acute care. There is a paucity of literature to inform how and what technology should be measured in relation to the quality of nursing care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe outcomes inform useful research methods to comprehensively examine technology to enhance the quality of complex nursing work.
Huge broad ligament leiomyoma with cystic degeneration: A diagnostic and surgical challenge
Authors: Jha Sangam , Singh Anamika , Singh Samanta , Murmu Suhagini 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBroad ligament is the common extrauterine site for fibroid. We present a case of huge broad ligament fibroid with cystic degeneration. Patient presented with abdominal swelling and mild pain abdomen. On abdominal examination, a large tense cystic mass of 34 weeks gravid uterus size arising from pelvis was noted. Cervix was pulled up and all fornices were full with mass on pelvic examination. Ultrasound suggested adnexal mass as ovaries were not seen. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography abdomen too reported adnexal mass likely of ovarian origin. On laparotomy, 6 L of straw color fluid drained from the mass which was seen arising from left broad ligament, bilateral ovaries were separate from the mass and appeared healthy. Enucleation of mass was done to ease the hysterectomy and careful evaluation of ureteric course was done throughout the surgery to avoid its injury. Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐opherectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed. This case is being reported for its rare incidence, diagnostic dilemma and surgical challenge.