bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of teicoplanin versus β-lactam for bacteremia due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: a propensity score-based study
Authors: Tsai Ching-Yen , Lee Chen-hsiang , Chen I-Ling 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Many studies have shown that vancomycin is inferior to β-lactam antibiotics in terms of effectiveness in the treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. However, limited data are available regarding the comparison of clinical outcomes between patients receiving initial teicoplanin and those receiving β-lactam antibiotics for MSSA bacteremia.Methods: Eighty-four adults with MSSA bacteremia were included: initial teicoplanin treatment group (n=28) and β-lactam treatment group (n=56). The two groups were further stratified based on propensity score matching according to the outcome analysis using a logistic regression model. We investigated the clinical outcomes between the groups before and after propensity score matching after treatment completion.Results: Pittsburgh bacteremia score ≥4 (odds ratio, 60.6; 95%CI, 7.4–496.8) was an independent risk factor for unfavorable outcome. After propensity score matching, the initial teicoplanin treatment group and the β-lactam treatment group consisted of 28 patients each. No statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of patients with favorable outcomes and 30-day overall mortality rates between the groups before and after propensity score matching after the completion of teicoplanin or β-lactam treatment. The Kaplan-Meier 30-day survival curve also showed no significant difference between the patients receiving initial teicoplanin treatment and those receiving β-lactam treatment before and after matching (hazard ratio, 1.84, 95%CI, 0.60–5.64; and 3.12, 95%CI, 0.98–9.99, respectively).Conclusions: There were no significant difference in clinical outcomes between initial teicoplanin treatment and β-lactam treatment among patients with MSSA bacteremia. Pittsburgh bacteremia score ≥4 was a significant risk factor for mortality.
Effects of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act and environmental, social and economic factors on biogas plant adoption and agricultural land use change
Authors: Yang Xueqing , Liu Yang , Thrän Daniela , Bezama Alberto , Wang Mei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The German energy transition strategy calls for a reform of the German energy sector. As a result, the Germany Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) was passed in 2000 and is widely regarded as successful legislation for promoting bioenergy development. More than 1,000 biogas plants were constructed in Central Germany (CG) between 2000 and 2014. Despite this, few studies have been conducted for this period that systematically investigate how environmental, social and economic factors, as well as various EEG amendments have impacted biogas production and what the environmental consequence of biogas production development in CG have been. Methods: The impacts of environmental, social and economic factors and different EEG amendments on biogas production decisions in CG were quantified using multivariate linear regression model and the event study econometric technique. A GIS-based spatial analysis was also conducted to provide insight into the changes to agricultural land use that resulted from the development of biogas plants during the EEG period. Results: The main finding was that the income diversification effect resulting from biogas production was the most important factor in a farmer’s decision to adopt biogas production. In addition, all of the EEG amendments had a significant influence on the adoption of biogas production, however EEG III and IV, which tried to promote small-scale plants, were unable to reduce the average size of the plants constructed in these two amendment periods. From a landscape perspective, there was a striking increase in the cultivation of silage maize in CG from 2000 to 2014. Silage maize was intensively cultivated in regions with a high installed biogas plant capacity. Since the first EEG amendment, permanent grassland area slightly increased while arable land area declined in CG. Conclusions: The adoption of biogas production in CG was strongly driven by economic incentives for the farmers, more precisely, by the incentive to diversify their income sources. In addition to increase the subsidy, future EEG amendments should find new measures to encourage the adoption of small-scale biogas plants, which had been unsuccessful in EEG amendments III and IV.
Spatial prediction of spring locations in data poor region of Central Himalayas
Authors: Niraula Rabin Raj , Sharma Subodh , Pokharel Bharat K. , Paudel Uttam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This research explores the methods for understanding groundwater springs distribution and occurrence using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Machine Learning technique in data poor areas of the Central Himalayas. The objectives of this study are to analyse the distribution of natural springs, evaluate three random forest models for its predictability and establish a model for the prediction of occurrence of springs. This study evaluates the primary causal factors for occurrence of springs. The data used in this study consists of 20 parameters based on topography, geology, lithology, hydrology and land use as causal factors, whereas 621 spring location and discharge (n = 621) measured during 2014–2016 and 815 non-spring locations (generated by GIS tool) use as supporting evidence to train (80%) and test (20%) the prediction model. Results show that the Bootstrap method is comparatively reliable (92% accuracy) over Boosted tree (64% accuracy) and Decision tree (74% accuracy) methods to classify and predict the occurrence of springs in the watershed. Bootstrap Forest shows the high Prediction rate for True Positive (82% actual spring predicted as a spring) and True Negative (89% actual non-spring predicted as non-spring), and the model seems consistent in both responses. This model was then applied to an independent dataset to predict spring location estimates with 75% accuracy. Therefore, spatial statistical methods prove efficient at predicting spring occurrence in data poor regions.
A re-look at canal irrigation system performance: a pilot study of the Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Amarasinghe Upali A. , Sikka Alok , Mandave Vidya , Panda R. K. , Gorantiwar Sunil , Chandrasekharan K. , Ambast Sunil K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe general perception of canal irrigation systems in India is one of built infrastructure with low service performance. This paper presents an analytical framework, applied to the Sina medium irrigation system in Maharashtra state of India, to study the performance of an expanded water influence zone (WIZ) including a buffer zone outside the canal command area (CCA) influenced by the irrigation system's water resources. The framework used satellite-based estimates of land-use and cropping patterns. The results indicate that there is hardly any gap between the irrigation potential created (IPC) and the irrigation potential utilized (IPU) in the CCA. The fraction of consumptive water use (CWU) of irrigation is low in the CCA, but almost one in the WIZ, due to the reuse of return flows in the WIZ. Future investments should focus on increasing economic water productivity ($/m3) in order to enhance the resilience of the farming community in the WIZ, which is frequently affected by water scarcity.
Constantinople Seals in the Collection of the State Hermitage Museum
Authors: Stepanova Elena 
Published: December 2020

The collection of Byzantine seals of the State Hermitage Museum includes over 12.5 thousand pieces. For the purpose of the paper the author distinguished seals, which legend indicates a toponym related to the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople. As a result, 122 seals, the majority of which were never made public before, were selected. Most of them date back to the 6–12th centuries and include the seals of Patriarchs of Constantinople, Hagia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom), churches and monasteries of Constantinople: monasteri­es of Panagia Acheiropoietos, Panagia Peribleptos, Chalcoprateiois, Didim, Kosmidion, Lips Monastery, Myrelaion, the New Church, Monastery of Christ Philanthropos and others, as well as diaconica (St. Athansius, Dexiokratous, Eusebius), St. Zotikos Brotherhood, St. Sampson Hospital. However, the majority of the selected seals belong to civil servants: eparchs of the city, commerciarioi, curator of the Pigi Palace and Eleutheria. The discoveries made significantly added to the scientific understanding of historical and, above all, ecclesial geography of Constantinople between the 6th and the 11th centuries, as well as listed the names of the civil and ecclesial servants. The paper discovered several specifics of church-state relations in the
Byzantine Empire, exemplified by the churches of the capital city. The findings made allow to trace the historical changes in seals of Constantinople patriarchs.
Surfaces of congruent sections on cylinders
Authors: Krivoshapko Sergey N. , Ivanov Vyacheslav N. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The definition of surfaces of congruent sections was first formulated in the work written by I.I. Kotov. These and several other types of surfaces, generated by the motion of a curve, belonged to the class of kinematic surfaces. Such kinematic surfaces as those of plane parallel displacement, surfaces of rotation, Monge surfaces, cyclic surfaces with ge-nerating circles having constant radius, rotative and spiroidal surfaces, helical some helix-shaped surfaces can be included into the class of surfaces that have congruent sections.
Materials and methods. Using I.I. Kotov’s methodology, the authors first derived parametrical and vector equations for eight surfaces of congruent pendulum type cross sections of circular, elliptic, and parabolic cylinders and several helix-shaped surfaces. Circles, ellipses, and parabolas, located in the plane of the generating curve of a guiding cylinder or in the planes of a bundle that passes through the longitudinal axis of a cylinder, generate plane curves. Ellipses, analyzed in the article, can be easily converted into circles and this procedure can increase the number of shapes analyzed here.
Results. Formulas are provided in the generalized form, so the shape of a plane generating curve can be arbitrary. Some surfaces of congruent sections are determined by two varieties of parametric equations. In one case, the central angle of the guiding cylindrical surface was used as an independent parameter, but in the other case, one of rectangular coordinates of the cylinder’s guiding curve served as an independent parameter. Two types of surfaces are analyzed: 1) when local axes of generating curves remain parallel in motion; 2) when these axes rotate.
Conclusions. The analysis of the sources and the results, recommendations and proposals for application of surfaces, having congruent sections, is made with a view to their use in architecture and technology. The list of references has 27 positions, and it shows that the surfaces considered in this paper are being analyzed by architects, engineers, and geometricians both in Russia and abroad.
Filosofía social: Historia, estado actual y potencialidades
Authors: Mora Campo Harold Edmundo 
Published: December 2020

La filosofía social tiene potencialidades independientemente de la filosofía normativa, por cuanto podrá justificar en el futuro, la pretensión de una antropología débil y formal, a partir de la teoría del reconocimiento, dado que en la actualidad la filosofía social cuenta con un sustento histórico, que unido a la dimensión antropológica referida han de asegurar su supervivencia en el futuro. Para desarrollar este supuesto, este escrito se divide en tres partes: I) Historia de la filosofía social; la filosofía ha experimentado en los últimos doscientos años, un proceso de diferenciación que ha originado varias subdisciplinas. Por ello, si bien subsiste la tripartición clásica: filosofía teórica, filosofía práctica y filosofía estética, en la práctica han surgido otras divisiones que difícilmente se ajustan al precitado esquema; II) Un análisis de las patologías sociales, que implica que ya no debe ser el Estado, sino la sociedad la que se separa lentamente de éste. Así emerge la filosofía social, como una perspectiva ética, que se ocupa del estudio de las patologías sociales, que provocan luchas sociales que procuran el reconocimiento y la emancipación; III) potencialidades de dicha disciplina hacia el futuro. En esta dirección, aquello que se debe asumir como “normal” sobre una forma de vida social que posibilite la emancipación, se validaría en la medida en que los integrantes de la sociedad misma, logren un consenso sobre el deseo de asumir los desarrollos sociales por medio de una formación de voluntad organizada democráticamente.
Isolation and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Halban Leaves (Vitex pinnata Linn) in Aceh
Authors: Mastura Mastura , Barus Tonel , Marpaung Lamek , Simanjuntak Partomuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: An isolation and identification of phenolic compounds from Halban Leaves (Vitex pinnata Linn), a traditional medicinal plant in Aceh, has been done. Halban leaves were extracted through methanol maceration followed by isolation. The methanol extract went into n-hexane and ethyl acetate partition consecutively resulting in 3 different fractions of ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract. The ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the most promising antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Therefore, purification of ethyl acetate fraction was done by column chromatography [SiO2; (i) n-hexane-ethyl acetate 10:1, 1:1 ; (ii) n-hexane-ethyl acetate = 2 : 1); (iii) n-hexane-acetone = 1:1]. The pure isolate as identified by using UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectra afforded 2 phenolic compounds, namely (1) 4-hydroxymethyl benzoate and (2) p-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid (PHBA). The antioxidant activity of compound 1 and cytotoxicity activity of 2 expressed in IC50 and LD50 was 41.08 ppm and 59.41 ppm, respectively.Abstrak: Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa fenolik dari Daun Halban (Vite xpinnata Linn) tanaman obat tradisional asal Aceh telah dilakukan. Isolasi ini dilakukan dengan cara mengekstraksi daun halban dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, Ekstrak metanol kemudian dipartiisi dengan n-heksan dan etilasetat secara berturut-turut sehingga diperoleh tiga ekstrak yaitu ekstrak etil asetat, n-heksan dan air. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai antioksidan dan juga toksisitas. Pemurnian dilanjutkan dengan cara kromatografi kolom [SiO2; (i) n-heksan-etilasetat 10:1, 1:1 ; (ii) n-heksan-etilasetat = 2 : 1); (iii) n-heksan-aseton = 1:1] dan diperoleh isolat murni. Isolat murni tersebut diidentifikasi berdasarkan interpretasi data spektra UV, IR, NMR dan MS. Hasil interpretasi data menunjukkan daun halban (V. pinnata Linn) mengandung dua senyawa fenolik yaitu (1) 4-hidroksi metil benzoat dan (2) asam para hidroksi benzoat (PHBA). Senyawa 1 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 = 41,08bpj dan senyawa 2 memiliki aktivitas toksisitas dengan nilai LC50 = 59,41.
Isolation and Screening of Soil Chitinolytic Actinobacteria as the Anti-Fungal Producer of Plant Pathogens
Authors: Wibowo Risky Hadi , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi , Mubarik Nisa Rachmania , Rusmana Iman , Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Chitinolytic actinobacteria are currently more widely used because of their ability as the biological control agents to the pathogenic fungi, especially in horticultural and plantation crops. This research was conducted to obtain isolates of chitinolytic soil actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of the rubber plant (Hevea brasiliensis) area in IPB University. Antifungal activities from these actinobacteria hopely able to inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi in Vitro on chitin agar media. Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii are used in the inhibition test of chitinolytic actinobacteria. The results successfully obtained 16 isolates of actinobacteria were grew on Humic Acid Vitamin (HV) agar. It showed that six of 16 actinobacteria isolates were able to produce inhibition zones to the growth of hyphae of pathogenic fungi on potato dextrose agar (PDA). KK-15 and KK-07 isolates were able to produce the largest inhibition percentages in F. oxysporum and S. rolfsii. Based on the chitinolytic index (CI) values, KK-15 and KK-07 isolates produced CI values of 1.25 and 1.5, respectively. The morphological characteristics and Gram staining of both KK-15 and KK-07 isolates are closely relative with Streptomyces sp. Abstrak: Bakteri kitinolitik saat ini banyak diteliti karena kemampuannya sebagai agens pengendali hayati jamur patogen khususnya pada tanaman hortikultura dan perkebunan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan isolat-isolat bakteri kitinolitik asal tanah dari bagian perakaran tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis) di daerah perkebunan karet Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). Aktivitas antifungi dari bakteri ini diharapkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen tanaman secara in Vitro pada media agar-agar kitin. Fusarium oxysporum dan Sclerotium rolfsii digunakan dalam uji hambat aktinobakteri kitinolitik. Hasil penelitian memperoleh 16 isolat aktinobakteri berhasil diisolasi dengan menggunakan media agar-agar Humic Acid Vitamin (HV), dan dari 16 isolat tersebut, enam isolat mampu menghasilkan zona hambat terhadap pertumbuhan hifa dari kedua jamur patogen pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) secara in Vitro. Isolat KK-15 dan KK-07 mampu menghasilkan diameter hambatan terbesar pada jamur F. oxysporum dan S. rolfsii. Berdasarkan nilai index kitinolitik (IK), isolat KK-15 dan KK-07 menghasilkan nilai IK sebesar 1,25 dan 1,5 secara berurutan. Karakteristik morfologi dan pewarnaan Gram dari kedua isolat yaitu KK-15 dan KK-07 memiliki kedekatan dengan kelompok Streptomyces spp.
Rodzina i społeczność lokalna jako agendy kontroli bezpośredniej oraz pośredniej w profilaktyce zachowań przestępczych
Authors: Bernasiewicz Maciej 
Published: December 2020

W tekście omówiono teorię kontroli społecznej na przykładzie kontroli rodzicielskiej oraz sposobów konformizowania swoich członków przez społeczność lokalną. Obie instytucje socjalizacji wymuszają porządek (ład) społeczny za pomocą dwóch form kontroli: bezpośredniej (zewnętrzne sankcje) oraz pośredniej (więź społeczna). W tekście dowodzi się, że umiarkowany poziom kontroli jest wyraźnym czynnikiem chroniącym przed przestępczością.
The Loser Syndrome – universality of the strategy of defense of discriminated groups
Authors: Pospiszyl Irena 
Published: December 2020

If one assumes, like Mayer Hacker, that a social minority is a group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are not treated as equal to other groups in a given society, then it turns out that many groups meet these criteria. In the prison subculture they are met by „losers,” in the macro-social space – by all minority groups such as national, ethnic, racial minorities, but also women and some religious minorities. It is surprising that although these groups often have comparable numerical, physical, or intellectual strength to that of the mainstream group, they are unable to obtain equal treatment, respect, and all the privileges that this entails. This is probably due to a number of factors, including tradition, cultural capital, resources, and culturally established institutions promoting specific social groups. However, an equally important determinant is the own activity of individuals forming a minority group, and their ability to integrate and consolidate with their own group. Among others, the following contribute to this: lack of intra-group solidarity, orientation towards the dominant group, excessive guilt, contempt for one’s own group etc. The article deals with the barriers inherent in the minority groups themselves, which contribute significantly to the consolidation of their unfavorable status. The size and scale of these barriers contribute to the status that I call the loser syndrome. It is also important that the factors limiting the expansion of minority groups are similar in most minority groups. They are characterized by a certain universality.
Selected ethical dilemmas and legal problems in autoethnographic research in social rehabilitation pedagogy
Authors: Ciechowska Magdalena , Kusztal Justyna 
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is the presentation and analysis of the selected ethical dilemmas and legal problems of a researcher in the study of the difficult way of life. There are a lot of questions about the ethical, decent and legal manner of research and behaviour in relation with the participators of the research. The practical aim of this article is the answer to the question – what should we do when we have various ethical dilemmas in our studies. A special difficult situation concerns the researcher – a pedagogue of social rehabilitation, because by conducting research on the phenomena of social exclusion or social pathology, he/she describes and analyses situations related to crime, para-criminal behaviours, addictions, touches the problems of deep diagnosis of disorders or therapy. During scientific research, he / she ‘goes deeper’ into difficult situations, ethical dilemmas, and brushes against legal problems. The guarantee of his/her safety, but above all the safety of respondents, is the legal awareness and ethical responsibility of the pedagogue. Although the article is not a complete and comprehensive study, it responds to the needs of researchers who themselves have to answer many questions about legal issues and solve any ethical dilemmas themselves in the process of collecting and developing data.
Proces resocjalizacji penitencjarnej w doświadczeniach byłych skazanych
Authors: Łuczak Elżbieta 
Published: December 2020

Prezentowane w opracowaniu treści są fragmentem szerzej zakrojonych badań prowadzonych przez autorkę nt. efektywności oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych wybranych zakładów karnych na terenie naszego kraju.W tym opracowaniu wykorzystano wyniki związane z zewnętrzną efektywnością oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych, w których dużo miejsca poświęcono rekonstrukcji doświadczeń byłych skazanych dokonanych przy zastosowaniu otwartych wywiadów pogłębionych. W przeprowadzonych analizach chodziło o uzyskanie odpowiedzina następujące pytanie: Jakim czynnikom w doświadczaniu izolacji penitencjarnej i osiąganiu powodzenia w resocjalizacji przypisują byli skazani największe znaczenie? Na tak zarysowany obszar eksploracji badawczej składały się dwa pola badawcze skoncentrowane wokół nadawania znaczeń warunkom odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności orazrelacjom interpersonalnym skazanych. Badania dostarczyły bogatego materiału empirycznego pokazującego wielość a czasami również odmienność znaczeń związanych z doświadczaniem izolacji penitencjarnej. Największe jednak znaczenie nadali badani dobrym relacjom z rodziną i innymi najbliższymi osobami a także cechom charakteru przejawiających się w dużej odporności na stres i trudne warunki izolacji penitencjarnej. Mimo że uzyskane rezultaty badawcze ograniczone są doborem próby i nie upoważniają do szerszych uogólnień, to jednak pokazują – wbrew obiegowym opiniom – że resocjalizacja penitencjarna to nie samo zło, to również proces, mający pozytywne aspekty, które z całą pewnością należy odnajdywać i oczywiście rozwijać.