bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability of licensed cannabis businesses in relation to area deprivation in Washington state: A spatiotemporal analysis of cannabis business presence between 2014 and 2017
Authors: Amiri Solmaz , Monsivais Pablo , McDonell Michael G. , Amram Ofer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIn states where recreational use of cannabis has been legalised, increasing numbers of cannabis licensed cannabis businesses resulted in concerns about their potential social and health impacts. This study examined spatiotemporal variations in availability of cannabis licensed cannabis businesses (i.e. producers, processors and retailers) in relation to area deprivation in Washington state from 2014 to 2017.Design and MethodsData on licensed cannabis businesses were obtained from the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board. The number of licensed cannabis businesses was estimated for Washington's 1446 census tracts. Census tracts were stratified into tertiles based on the Singh's Area Deprivation Index showing socio‐economic characteristics of communities (least‐deprived, middle‐deprived and most‐deprived). The Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation approach allowed for the spatial and temporal characterisation of cannabis businesses, accounting for similarities based on neighbouring census tracts.ResultsThe density of all licensed cannabis outlets increased over time. Most‐deprived areas have increased likelihood of licensed cannabis outlet density when compared to least‐deprived areas. No differences were observed in the likelihood of licensed cannabis outlet density in middle‐deprived areas when compared to least‐deprived areas.Discussion and ConclusionsThe results of this study showed disparity with respect to licensed cannabis outlet density in Washington state over time. The findings call for initiatives, policies and research that decrease disparities in cannabis outlet locations.
The Unfixed State of Unfixed Land
Authors: Sud Nikita 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTLand is unfixed. Qualitative research in India shows humans physically reconfiguring, legally redefining, politically relabelling and discursively re‐imagining land in growth‐ and investment‐led policies. The state is a key actor in the material and conceptual unfixing of land, and its re‐fixing to emerging developmental imaginations. But land is not just a territorial container for the implementation of policy. Rather, it routinely stretches the boundaries of state authority. In the fieldwork on which this article is based, unfixed, multi‐dimensional land emerges as contested access, social and political territory making, possession that goes beyond the legality of property, and more. As unfixed land extends beyond the boundaries and authority of the state, the state too is stretched in projects of land's unfixing and re‐fixing. This state is revealed as porous, and with a criss‐crossing of social relationships that draw out its institutional bounds into a world of moonlighting officials, revolving doors, and shadowy actors and transactions over unfixed land. The result of this co‐productive interaction is the unfixed state of unfixed land.
Aortic, common carotid and external iliac artery arterial wall stiffness parameters in horses: Inter‐day and inter‐observer and intra‐observer measurement variability
Authors: Vera L. , De Clercq D. , Paulussen E. , Van Steenkiste G. , Decloedt A. , Chiers K. , van Loon G. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundIn human medicine, local and regional arterial wall stiffness (AWS) parameters are routinely used to assess the vascular health. In horses, information regarding reproducibility of ultrasonographically derived AWS parameters is lacking.ObjectivesTo evaluate the inter‐day and inter‐observer and intra‐observer measurement variability of both local and regional AWS parameters in horses.Study designExperimental study.MethodsIn 10 healthy, adult Warmblood horses, B‐, M‐mode and pulsed‐wave Doppler ultrasound images were collected on two different days from aorta, cranial and caudal common carotid arteries and external iliac artery. Heart rate and noninvasive blood pressure were recorded simultaneously. From blinded data, diastolic and systolic vessel lumen areas and diameters were measured from B/M‐mode images and the velocity of the pressure wave was determined by pulsed‐wave Doppler spectra. From each horse, one examination was measured again by the same observer and by a second, independent observer. Local and regional AWS parameters were calculated and inter‐day and inter‐observer and intra‐observer measurement coefficient of variation (CV) were assessed.ResultsLow CV was found for both arterial diameter and lumen area measurements. Moderate to high CV was found for local AWS parameters, while regional AWS parameters had low CV.Main limitationsThe number of horses investigated was too low to obtain reference values. The inter‐operator variability was not evaluated.ConclusionsOur results show good reproducibility of aortic, carotid and external iliac artery diameter and area measurements using both B‐ and M‐mode ultrasonography. Nevertheless, the variability of the derived local AWS parameters was relatively high. Therefore, local AWS parameters might be less suitable for follow‐up studies, although they might be useful for population studies. On the other hand, regional AWS parameters showed low CV, making them valuable for both follow‐up and population studies.
Fishing for feed in China: Facts, impacts and implications
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Liu Min , Sadovy de Mitcheson Yvonne , Cao Ling , Leadbitter Duncan , Newton Richard , Little David C. , Li Songlin , Yang Yi , Chen Xiao , Zhou Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChina is the world's largest capture fisheries and aquaculture producer. Over recent decades, China's domestic marine catch composition has changed markedly, from large volumes of a few high‐valued food species to multiple, small, low‐valued, species, a significant proportion of which is primarily used as animal, especially fish, feed. Despite the growing volume and economic importance of the feed catches, their species composition, catch volumes and socio‐environmental impacts are all poorly understood. Based on a nationwide survey of >800 fishing vessels, and the identification and measurement of >12,000 fish and invertebrate individuals, the present study provides an overview of the feed component of China's domestic marine catch, by volumes, species and sizes, and found it to be substantial and biologically unsustainable. Half of the trawler catch (3 million metric tons, mmt), or 35% of the total catch (4.6 mmt) in China's exclusive economic zone, are now comprised of low‐valued “feed‐grade fish”. The present study identified 218 fish species, 50 crustaceans and five cephalopods, and of these, 102 fish species were food species with 89% individuals in their juvenile size ranges. Feed‐grade fish were mainly used as aquaculture feed directly, or indirectly, through the feed industry after reduction to fishmeal and fish oil. The unparalleled scale and poor fisheries resource condition of China's domestic marine fisheries, in parallel with severe overfishing of juveniles, creates a demand for fundamental changes to fishery management practices, including a significant reduction of fishing effort to ensure productivity and ecosystem resilience.
No room for dessert: A mechanistic model of prey selection in gut‐limited predatory fish
Authors: Fall Johanna , Fiksen Øyvind 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPredatory fish structure communities through prey pursuit and consumption and, in many marine systems, the gadoids are particularly important. These predators have flexible feeding behaviours and often feed on large prey items. Digestion times of large prey are usually longer than handling times, and gut processing limits feeding rate at high prey density. Optimizing the gut content mix can therefore be an important behavioural strategy. Here, we develop a foraging model that incorporates gut processing and use the model to disentangle internal and external limitations on feeding in the omnivorous cod (Gadus morhua, Gadidae). We extend the traditional definition of prey profitability to consider prey digestive quality, which we quantify for prey of Northeast Atlantic cod populations. We find an important role for gut limitation; within a range of ecologically relevant temperatures and prey densities, predicted feeding rates were strongly reduced compared to feeding constrained by external factors only, and the optimal diet composition under gut limitation differed from predictions from traditional foraging theory. Capelin, a main prey of Northeast Arctic cod, had the highest digestive quality of all prey across ecosystems, but the cold temperatures in the Barents Sea strongly limited feeding rate by slowing down digestion. Baltic cod fed on a higher proportion of poor‐quality prey compared to the other populations, contributing to its slow growth in relation to water temperature. Gut limitation is particularly important to consider in foraging models for fish with many alternative prey species or fish occupying cold waters where digestion is slow.
Engineering transketolase to accept both unnatural donor and acceptor substrates and produce α‐hydroxyketones
Authors: Yu Haoran , Hernández López Roberto Icken , Steadman David , Méndez‐Sánchez Daniel , Higson Sally , Cázares‐Körner Armando , Sheppard Tom D. , Ward John M. , Hailes Helen C. , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: October 2019

A narrow substrate range is a major limitation in exploiting enzymes more widely as catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. For enzymes using two substrates, the simultaneous optimisation of both substrate specificities is also required for the rapid expansion of accepted substrates. Transketolase (TK) catalyses the reversible transfer of a C2‐ketol unit from a donor substrate to an aldehyde acceptor and suffers the limitation of narrow substrate scope for industrial applications. Herein, TK from Escherichia coli was engineered to accept both pyruvate, as a novel donor substrate, and unnatural acceptor aldehydes, including propanal, pentanal, hexanal and 3‐formylbenzoic acid (FBA). Twenty single‐mutant variants were first designed and characterised experimentally. Beneficial mutations were then recombined to construct a small library. Screening of this library identified the best variant with a 9.2‐fold improvement in the yield towards pyruvate and propionaldehyde, relative to wild‐type (WT). Pentanal and hexanal were used as acceptors to determine stereoselectivities of the reactions, which were found to be higher than 98% enantiomeric excess (ee) for the S configuration. Three variants were identified to be active for the reaction between pyruvate and 3‐FBA. The best variant was able to convert 47% of substrate into product within 24 h, whereas no conversion was observed for WT. Docking experiments suggested a cooperation between the mutations responsible for donor and acceptor recognition, which would promote the activity towards both the acceptor and donor. The variants obtained have the potential to be used for developing catalytic pathways to a diverse range of high‐value products.
Thermography in high cycle fatigue short‐term evaluation procedures applied to a medium carbon steel
Authors: Teng Zhenjie , Wu Haoran , Boller Christian , Starke Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the fatigue life calculation for an unalloyed medium carbon steel SAE1045 (German DIN‐standard: C45E), by applying an energy dissipation‐based approach quantified through thermographic measurements. The purpose of this approach is to establish an intrinsic dissipation model and to predict characteristics derived from the cyclic deformation behavior of stress‐controlled fatigue tests, eg, the fatigue limit and the S‐N data by using simplified (zero‐dimensional, 0D) thermodynamic equations. In order to investigate the possibilities for a rapid evaluation while simultaneously reducing the experimental effort, one load increase test (LIT) and two constant amplitude tests (CATs) were carried out. The S‐N data evaluated on such a basis is competitive to conventionally determined S‐N data as will be shown.
Chronic pain is independently associated with social frailty in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Hirase Tatsuya , Makizako Hyuma , Okubo Yoshiro , Lord Stephen R , Inokuchi Shigeru , Okita Minoru 
Published: October 2019

AimThe present study aimed to determine whether measures of chronic pain are associated with social frailty in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsParticipants comprised 248 older adults who enrolled for community‐based exercise classes. Chronic pain was defined as the presence of significant pain‐related symptoms within the past month that had continued for at least 6 months. Social frailty was defined as positive responses to two of the following five questions (going out less frequently, rarely visiting friends, feeling unhelpful to friends or family, living alone and not talking with someone every day). Physical function was assessed using the Chair Stand and Timed Up and Go tests.ResultsA total of 55 participants (22.2%) met the criteria for social frailty. A total of 28 socially frail participants (50.9%) and 56 of the socially integrated participants (29.0%) reported chronic pain. The presence of chronic pain was significantly associated with social frailty after adjusting for age, sex and physical function measures (odds ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.01–4.48). Chronic pain was also significantly associated with three social frailty items: going out less frequently, rarely visiting friends and feeling unhelpful to friends or family.ConclusionsChronic pain was independently associated with social frailty in community‐dwelling older adults. Simple assessments of chronic pain and subsequent pain management interventions might be beneficial for older people with social frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1153–1156.
Application of ultrasound treatment for modulating the structural, functional and rheological properties of black bean protein isolates
Authors: Li Liang , Zhou Yan , Teng Fei , Zhang Shuang , Qi Baokun , Wu Changling , Tian Tian , Wang Zhongjiang , Li Yang 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe modulating effect of ultrasound treatments at varying powers and times on the structural and functional properties of black bean protein isolate (BBPI) was investigated. Compared with native BBPI, low‐power (150 W) and medium‐power (300 W) ultrasound treatments increased the solubility, foaming and emulsifying properties of BBPI, especially at 300 W, 24 min. This effect arises predominantly due to increased exposure of hydrophobic groups, which serve to increase the interactions between the protein and water molecules. Additionally, an increase in the protein surface activity improved the absorption of protein molecules at the oil–water and air–water interfaces. Rheology data showed that increased hydrophobic and hydrogen‐bonding interactions improved the water‐holding capacity of BBPI gels following ultrasound treatment. However, high‐power (450 W) ultrasound treatment weakened the functional properties of BBPI, and this was likely due to the formation of macromolecular BBPI aggregates. Overall, this study indicates that ultrasound treatment could be a promising approach for modulating other plant protein resources as well as expanding the application of black bean protein.
An overview of papaya seed oil extraction methods
Authors: Tan Chin Xuan , Tan Seok Tyug , Tan Seok Shin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPapaya seeds account for about 20% of the total fresh fruit weight. The seeds are generally discarded as agricultural waste products during fruit processing despite being edible. The seeds contain high levels of lipid and thus can be a new source of edible oil. Numerous technologies have been used for extraction of crude oil from papaya seeds. Papaya seed oil is composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids with oleic acid being the major one. The oil also contains lipophilic phytochemicals such as tocopherols, phytosterols and carotenoids. Further investigations are necessary to validate the functional properties of papaya seed oil produced from different extraction techniques.
A hierarchical approach in the diagnostic workflow of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Pivotal role of the “Mono‐dysplasia‐score” combined with flow cytometric quantification of monocyte subsets
Authors: Zhu Jaja , Sourdeau Elise , Aubert Honorine , Clauser Sylvain , Maillon Agathe , Capron Claude , Jondeau Katayoun , Ronez Emily , Schillinger Francoise , Garnache‐Ottou Francine , Cornet Edouard , Bardet Valérie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMonocytosis is a frequent trigger for blood smear review in a routine hematology laboratory whereas chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is infrequent and arises mostly in elderly patients. In order to define the best workflow for monocytosis, we studied three diagnostic approaches: the classical morphology approach (blood smear review), the flow cytometry assay (quantification of monocyte subsets as described by Selimoglu‐Buet et al in 2015), and the “mono‐dysplasia‐score” also referred to as “Monoscore (as described by our team in 2018 using the structural parameters of the Sysmex XN™ analyzers).MethodsStudying a multicentric cohort of 196 nonclonal monocytoses and CMML patients aged over 50 years, we compared the diagnostic performance of the three approaches alone and in combination to propose a diagnostic decision tree.ResultsIn patients presenting with additional criteria for slide review to monocytosis (37% of our cohort), we propose to sequentially combine morphology, Monoscore, and flow cytometry. On the contrary, for patients with isolated monocytosis (63%), slide review is not mandatory and we suggest performing flow cytometry depending on the Monoscore value. Using the proposed algorithm, 98% of CMML patients would have been correctly identified, slide review rate drastically reduced, and flow cytometry would have been carried out in 44% of patients.ConclusionWe have shown that implementation of Monoscore is a useful input filter to significantly reduce slide reviews without losing sensitivity and that flow cytometry is a performant technique in the second step of the diagnostic workup of CMML.
Clinical prediction score for superficial surgical site infections: Real‐life data from a retrospective single‐centre analysis of 812 hepatectomies
Authors: Shen Juwei , Ni Zuowei , Qian Yigang , Wang Bei , Zheng Shusen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSuperficial surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common postoperative complications of hepatectomy for liver cancer. The objective of this study is to clarify the risk factors and determine a clinical prediction score for SSIs after partial hepatectomy for malignant tumour. A total of 812 consecutive patients were enrolled who underwent partial hepatectomy for liver malignant tumour from January 2017 to December 2017. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for SSIs. Clinical prediction score was then constructed using coefficients of identified significant predictors. Risk stratification was then carried out by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Of all the 812 patients, SSIs were observed in 31 (3.82%) patients. A multivariate analysis identified four predictors as independent risk factors for SSIs, which were splenomegaly, perioperative blood transfusion, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and low postoperative serum albumin concentration (<35 g/L). Clinical prediction score ranged from 0 to 4.6 with its discrimination concordance (C) statistic of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59, 0.81). Risk stratification classified these patients into low, moderate, and high risk in SSIs. This risk score system may credibly stratify the risk of SSIs with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. Splenomegaly, history of blood transfusion, ICU admission, and postoperative serum albumin concentration less than 35 g/L could be used to predict SSIs with acceptable discrimination. This clinical risk score system may be useful in prediction of SSIs after hepatectomy for malignant tumours.
Trajectories of depression symptom change during and following treatment in adolescents with unipolar major depression
Authors: Davies Sian Emma , Neufeld Sharon A.S. , van Sprang Eleonore , Schweren Lizanne , Keivit Rogier , Fonagy Peter , Dubicka Bernadka , Kelvin Raphael , Midgley Nick , Reynolds Shirley , Target Mary , Wilkinson Paul , van Harmelen Anne Laura , Goodyer Ian Michael 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo classify a cohort of depressed adolescents recruited to the UK IMPACT trial, according to trajectories of symptom change. We examined for predictors and compared the data‐driven categories of patients with a priori operational definitions of treatment response.MethodSecondary data analysis using growth mixture modelling (GMM). Missing data were imputed. Trajectories of self‐reported depressive symptoms were plotted using scores taken at six nominal time points over 86 weeks from randomisation in all 465 patients.ResultsA piecewise GMM categorised patients into two classes with initially similar and subsequently distinct trajectories. Both groups had a significant decline in depressive symptoms over the first 18 weeks. Eighty‐four per cent (84.1%, n = 391) of patients were classed as ‘continued‐improvers’ with symptoms reducing over the duration of the study. A further class of 15.9% (n = 74) of patients were termed ‘halted‐improvers’ with higher baseline depression scores, faster early recovery but no further improvement after 18 weeks. Presence of baseline comorbidity somewhat increased membership to the halted‐improvers class (OR = 1.40, CI: 1.00–1.96). By end of study, compared with classes, a clinical remission cut‐off score (≤27) and a symptom reduction score (≥50%) indexing treatment response misclassified 15% and 31% of cases, respectively.ConclusionsA fast reduction in depressive symptoms in the first few weeks of treatment may not indicate a good prognosis. Halted improvement is only seen after 18 weeks of treatment. Longitudinal modelling may improve the precision of revealing differential responses to treatment. Improvement in depressive symptoms may be somewhat better in the year after treatment than previously considered.