bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treated HIV Infection Alters Phenotype But Not HIV-specific Function of Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Zhao Nancy Q. , Ferreira Anne-Maud , Grant Philip M. , Holmes Susan , Blish Catherine A. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTNatural killer (NK) cells are the predominant antiviral cells of the innate immune system, and may play an important role in acquisition and disease progression of HIV. While untreated HIV infection is associated with distinct alterations in the peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, less is known about how NK phenotype is altered in the setting of long-term viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as how NK memory can impact functional responses. As such, we sought to identify changes in NK cell phenotype and function using high-dimensional mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze both surface and functional marker expression of peripheral blood NK cells in a cohort of ART-suppressed, HIV+ patients and HIV-healthy controls. We found that the NK cell repertoire following IL-2 treatment was altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, with increased expression of markers including NKG2C and CD2, and decreased expression of CD244 and NKp30. Using co-culture assays with autologous,in vitroHIV-infected CD4 T cells, we identified a subset of NK cells with enhanced responsiveness to HIV-1-infected cells, but no differences in the magnitude of anti-HIV NK cell responses between the HIV+ and HIV-groups. In addition, by profiling of NK cell receptors on responding cells, we found similar phenotypes of HIV-responsive NK cell subsets in both groups. Lastly, we identified clusters of NK cells that are altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, but found that these clusters are distinct from those that respond to HIVin vitro. As such, we conclude that while chronic, treated HIV infection induces a reshaping of the IL-2-stimulated peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, it does so in a way that does not make the repertoire more HIV-specific.
Discovering the Molecular Determinants ofPhaeobacter inhibenssusceptibility toPhaeobacterphage MD18
Authors: Urtecho Guillaume , Campbell Danielle E. , Hershey David M. , Whitaker Rachel J. , O’Toole George A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBacteriophage technologies have immense potential as antibiotic therapies and in genetic engineering. Understanding the mechanisms that bacteriophages implement to infect their hosts will allow researchers to manipulate these systems and adapt them to specific bacterial targets. Here, we isolated a bacteriophage capable of infecting the marine alphaproteobacteriumPhaeobacter inhibensand dissected its mechanism of infection.Phaeobacterphage MD18, a novel species of bacteriophage isolated in Woods Hole, MA, exhibits potent lytic ability againstP. inhibensand appears to be of theSiphoviridaemorphotype. Consistent with this finding, the sequence of the MD18 revealed significant similarity to another siphophage, the recently discoveredRoseobacterphage DSS3P8. We incubated MD18 with a library of barcodedP. inhibenstransposon insertion mutants and identified 22 genes that appear to be required for phage predation of this host. Network analysis of these genes using genomic position, GO term enrichment, and protein associations reveals that these genes are enriched for roles in assembly of a type IV pilus (T4P) and regulators of cellular morphology. Our results suggest that T4P serve as receptors for a novel marine virus that targetsP. inhibens.ImportanceBacteriophages are useful non-antibiotic therapeutics for bacterial infections as well as threats to industries utilizing bacterial agents. This study identifiesPhaeobacterphage MD18, the first documented phage ofPhaeobacter inhibens, a bacterium with promising use as a probiotic for aquatic farming industries. Genomic analysis suggests that thePhaeobacterphage MD18 has evolved to enhance its replication inP. inhibensby adopting favorable tRNA genes as well as through genomic sequence adaptation to resemble host codon usage. Lastly, a high-throughput analysis ofP. inhibenstransposon insertion mutants identifies genes that modulate host susceptibility to phage MD18 and implicates the type IV pilus as the likely receptor recognized for adsorption. This study marks the first characterization of the relationship betweenP. inhibensand an environmentally sampled phage, which informs our understanding of natural threats to the bacterium and may promote the development of novel phage technologies for genetic manipulation of this host.
Activation of cytoplasmic dynein through microtubule crossbridging
Authors: Chakraborty Manas , Toleikis Algirdas , Siddiqui Nida , Cross Robert A. , Straube Anne 
Published: April 2020

SummaryCytoplasmic dynein is the main microtubule-minus-end-directed transporter of cellular cargo in animal cells [1, 2]. Cytoplasmic dynein also functions in the organisation and positioning of mitotic spindles [3, 4] and the formation of ordered microtubule arrays in neurons and muscle [5, 6]. Activation of the motor for cargo transport is thought to require formation of a complex with dynactin and a cargo adapter [7-10]. Here we show that recombinant human dynein can crossbridge neighbouring microtubules and can be activated by this crossbridging to slide and polarity-sort microtubule bundles. While single molecules of human dynein are predominantly static or diffusive on single microtubules, they walk processively for 1.5 μm on average along the microtubule bundles they form. Speed and force output of dynein are doubled on bundles compared to single microtubules, indicating that the crossbridging dynein steps equivalently on two microtubules. Our data are consistent with a model of autoactivation through the physical separation of dynein motor domains when crossbridging two microtubules. This enables cytoplasmic dynein to function effectively as a microtubule organiser and transporter without needing to first form a complex with dynactin and a cargo adapter.
Simulation studies of a vision intruder detection system
Authors: Rzucidło Paweł , Rogalski Tomasz , Jaromi Grzegorz , Kordos Damian , Szczerba Piotr , Paw Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe simulation research carried out for the needs of multi-sensor anti-collision system for light aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents an analysis related to the practical possibilities of detecting intruders in the air space with the use of optoelectronic sensors. The theoretical part determines the influence of the angle of view, distance from the intruder and the resolution of the camera on the ability to detect objects with different linear dimensions. It has been assumed that the detection will be effective for objects represented by at least four pixels (arranged in a line) on the sensor matrix. In the main part devoted to simulation studies, the theoretical data was compared to the obtained intruders’ images. The verified simulation environment was then applied to the image processing algorithms developed for the anti-collision system.FindingsA simulation environment was obtained enabling reliable tests of the anti-collision system using optoelectronic sensors.Practical implicationsThe integration of unmanned aircraft operations in civil airspace is a serious problem on a global scale. Equipping aircraft with autonomous anti-collision systems can help solve key problems. The use of simulation techniques in the process of testing anti-collision systems allows the implementation of test scenarios that may be burdened with too much risk in real flights.Social implicationsThis paper aims for possible improvement of safety in light-sport aviation.Originality/valueThis paper conducts verification of classic flight simulator software suitability for carrying out anti-collision systems tests and development of a flight simulator platform dedicated to such tests.
Modelling of the reference STARs procedures in the context of RPAS integration in non-segregated airspace
Authors: Lichoń Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This work presents the part of the research in the integration of the remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) in non-segregated airspace. The purpose of this study is to elaborate the reference shape of the Standard Instrument Arrivals (STARs) procedures of controlled airports. The STARs parameters are unique for the aerodromes and depend on navigational aids (NAVAIDs), manoeuvres and aircraft categories. Therefore, the elaboration of reference shapes was advisable in the context of RPAS integration research.

Design/methodology/approach
The models were based on the procedure design guidelines by International Civil Aviation Organization. The statistics of existing STARs were prepared using Aeronautical Information Publications to determine the representative procedural parameters. Construction of procedural shapes required to define the nominal flight path and tolerance areas.

Findings
In statistics, the standard deviation of distances was below the determined reference mean values, thus the models were convergent with existing procedures.

Research limitations/implications
The modelling was limited to initial, intermediate, final and missed approach segments. Arrival segment was not modelled. NAVAIDs include Instrument Landing System Category 1 (in final and missed approach) and very high-frequency omni-directional ranging or global navigation satellite systems (in initial and intermediate approach segments).

Practical implications
Prepared models may be used in research in the integration of the new types of aerial vehicles in existing air traffic management systems.

Originality/value
The reference STARs possess commonly used procedural manoeuvres (straight-in, turn, racetrack and base turn) and different NAVAIDs. The parameters of approach segments were determined as representative of the existing procedures. Moreover, the models are suitable to place at arbitrary origin and runway axis bearing.
Do we follow the crowd on social media? Experimental evidence on consumer attitudes in the contexts of NeWOM and firm crisis response
Authors: Suwandee Sasithorn , Lertwannawit Aurathai , Racela Olimpia C. , Boonchoo Pattana 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study applies social network theory to examine the moderating effects of two online social media network characteristics, namely homophily and consensus, on the influence of negative electronic word of mouth (NeWOM) and of firm crisis response on consumer attitude toward a company.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses were tested using a mixed-model experimental design of three between-subjects factors, including manipulations of homophily (high vs low), consensus (high vs low), and firm crisis response (accommodative vs defensive), and one repeated measure within-subjects factor of attitude toward the company at three different points in time (A0, A1, A2). Data were collected from 328 Thai participants who were randomly assigned to one of the eight experimental conditions.FindingsHigh homophily and high consensus online social media network conditions worsen the negative impact of NeWOM on consumer attitudes. However, high homophily and high consensus strengthen the positive influence of an accommodative response in regaining favorable attitude toward the company. Low homophily and low consensus negate the impact of the firm's defensive response, preventing any further deterioration of attitude toward the company.Practical implicationsMarketers need to understand the relational patterns among members of online social media networks in order to assess the extent to which consumers are influenced by others in the network. In doing so, the firm can better anticipate and manage the impact of NeWOM and can launch an appropriate response strategy that optimizes the recovery, or minimizes the deterioration, of lost company image and reputation.Originality/valueThis study provides a dynamic view of consumer attitudes and highlights the substantial impact that others in the online social media network have on consumers' evaluation of NeWOM and of firm recovery efforts.
Integrative perceived values influencing consumers' attitude and behavioral responses toward mobile location-based advertising: an empirical study in Vietnam
Authors: Le Cu Xuan , Wang Hu 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine a proposed model of location-based advertising (LBA) effectiveness upon the influence of integrative perceived values on consumers' attitude and behavioral responses in the immaturity of LBA in Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachA survey research method was utilized to collect data from mobile users. A real sample of 459 respondents was deemed and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze data.FindingsThe results unveil that contextual offers, social facilitation, and advertising values have significantly positive effects on attitude; in turn, attitude mediates between these factors and purchase intention, information seeking and recommendation behaviors. Moreover, social facilitation is a significant stimulator of purchase intention. Otherwise, perceived encroached risk negatively impacts attitude.Practical implicationsMarketers should capture considerable attention to mobile natives' conscious awareness about a mechanism of tailoring their enthusiasm and behavioral responses at the embryonic stage of LBA growth in emerging countries like Vietnam.Originality/valueThis study fills the gap in the current literature by simultaneously exploring the importance of integrative perceived values to construct a hypothetical framework of consumers' responses and performance based on the uses and gratifications theory, inclusive perceived behavioral control derived from theory of planned behavior, associated with contextual value from the nature of LBA.
Similarities and differences between business process management and lean management
Authors: Uriona Maldonado Mauricio , Leusin Matheus Eduardo , Bernardes Thiago Carrano de Albuquerque , Vaz Caroline Rodrigues 
Published: April 2020

PurposeBusiness process management (BPM) and lean management (LM) are both recognized for improving organizational performance through continuous improvement, yet their similarities and differences have been poorly discussed so far. This paper aims to find their main differences and similarities using a systematic method for literature review.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a structured literature review known as SYSMAP (Scientometric and sYStematic yielding MApping Process). The method integrates bibliometrics and content analysis procedures to perform in-depth analysis of the literature at hand.FindingsBoth methodologies seek continuous improvement with focus on the customer and process standardization, but they are divergent mainly in relation to the flow they intend to improve. The impossibility of implementing both methodologies in an effective way was also observed, mainly due to the differences they present in relation to how to achieve the continuous improvement cycle.Research limitations/implicationsAs any other literature reviews, the major limitation is to have omitted relevant literature even though all available procedures have been used to avoid this situation.Practical implicationsThis paper offers a novel perspective from the practitioner side. LM may be better used in human-intensive process improvement whereas BPM in technology-intensive ones. Such characteristics open up new opportunities for practitioners aiming at integrating both approaches.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that systematically analyses the body of literature of BPM and LM with the means to better understand their similarities and differences.
How job-related diversity affects boards’ strategic tasks performance: the role of chairperson
Authors: Kanadlı Sadi Boğaç , Zhang Pingying , Kakabadse Nada K. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeBoard diversity has been a hotly debated topic in the field of corporate governance. The paper examines the role of board chairperson and its moderating effect on the relationship between job-related diversity and boards’ strategic tasks performance. The purpose of this paper is to add on our body of knowledge about the impact of job-related diversity on boards’ strategic tasks performance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique to examine survey responses from chief executive officers (CEOs). Both the measurement model and structural model have obtained good results, supporting the appropriateness of using the SEM approach.FindingsThe findings suggest that there is a positive association between job-related diversity and boards’ strategic tasks performance, which is moderated by a chairperson’s leadership efficacy and the option of a former-CEO as board chair.Practical implicationsTo achieve the intended effect of job-related diversity in boards, policymakers need to be mindful about the importance of the board chairperson. Board chairperson’s characteristics such as leadership efficacy and a former-CEO experience would amplify the positive effect of diversity.Originality/valueThis research paper contributes to the literature on board diversity, board leadership and strategic management of firms. Findings validated researchers’ concern about the negligence of examining moderating factors in board diversity research. Moreover, results echo the concern that board leadership research should shift the attention from structural aspects to the behavioral issues. Finally, this study is the first to show the positive influence of a board chairperson in disseminating benefits of a diverse board.
Efficiency estimation and reduction potential of the Chinese construction industry via SE-DEA and artificial neural network
Authors: Yuan Fanning , Tang Miaohan , Hong Jingke 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study is to evaluate the overall technical efficiency, labor efficiency, capital efficiency and equipment efficiency of 30 Chinese construction sectors to foster sustainable economic growth in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (SE-DEA) and artificial neural network model (ANN) to evaluate the industrial performance and improvement potential of the Chinese regional construction sectors from 2000 to 2017.FindingsResults showed that the overall technical and capital efficiencies displayed relatively stable patterns. Equipment efficiency presented a relatively huge fluctuation during the sample period. Meanwhile, labor, capital and equipment efficiencies could potentially improve in the next five years. A spatial examination of efficiencies implied that the economic level was still a major factor in determining the efficiency performance of the regional construction industry. Beijing, Shanghai and Zhejiang were consistently the leading regions with the best performance in all efficiencies. Shandong and Hubei were critical regions with respect to their large reduction potential of labor, capital and equipment.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on the regional efficiency performance of the construction industry; however, it failed to further deeply discover the mechanism that captured the regional inefficiency. In addition, sample datasets used to predict might induce the accuracy of prediction results. Qualitative policy implications failed to regress the efficiency performance of the industrial policy variables. These limitations will be discussed in our further researches.Practical implicationsEnhancing the overall performance of the Chinese construction industry should focus on regions located in the western areas. In comparison with labor and capital efficiencies, equipment efficiency should be given priority by eliminating outdated equipment and developing high technology in the construction industry. In addition, the setting of the national reduction responsibility system should be stratified to account for regional variations.Originality/valueThe findings of this study can provide a systematic understanding for the current and future industry performance of the Chinese construction industry, which would help decision makers to customize appropriate strategies to improve the overall industrial performance with the consideration of regional differences.
The SME ‘styling’ of HEI – HR of management of international mobility: motivations, benefits and barriers as drivers of innovation
Authors: Lichy Jessica , McLeay Fraser 
Published: April 2020

PurposeAs government funding continues to decrease, higher education (HE) providers are pressed to become autonomous in terms of managing resources and innovation. Many operate as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), expanding business activities beyond borders by integrating programmes of International Academic Mobility (IAM). Such programmes involve managing the flow of staff beyond national borders, contributing to a key dimension of internationalisation and IAM-driven innovation. This paper seeks to ascertain the motivations, benefits and barriers for undertaking IAM, and the HR processes through which they operate.Design/methodology/approachA four-stage qualitative methodological approach including interviews with 26 participants is employed to identify factors that motivate staff to participate in IAM programmes.FindingsEight factors that motivate staff to be involved with IAM (breaking from routine, leisure/recreation, socio-cultural discovery, networking, altruism, developing new skills/capabilities, research/funding collaboration and self-enhancement) and four issues that act as barriers (funding, HR myopia/lack of information, personal circumstances and schedule constraints) are identified.Originality/valueThis study contributes to an important yet under-researched area of employee-driven IAM, developing a conceptual framework that draws from and enriches: expectancy theory, communities of practice, social and human capital theories and intrapreneurship (i.e. employee-driven innovation).