bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallelism in gene expression between foothill and alpine ecotypes in Arabidopsis arenosa
Authors: Wos Guillaume , Bohutínská Magdalena , Nosková Jana , Mandáková Terezie , Kolář Filip 
Published: December 2020

SummaryParallel adaptation results from the independent evolution of similar traits between closely related lineages and allows us to test to what extent evolution is repeatable. Similar gene expression changes are often detected but the identity of genes shaped by parallel selection and the causes of expression parallelism remain largely unknown. By comparing genomes and transcriptomes of four distinct foothill–alpine population pairs across four treatments, we addressed the genetic underpinnings, plasticity and functional consequences of gene expression parallelism in alpine adaptation. Seeds of eight populations of Arabidopsis arenosa were raised under four treatments that differed in temperature and irradiance, factors varying strongly with elevation. Parallelism in differential gene expression between the foothill and alpine ecotypes was quantified by RNA‐seq in leaves of young plants. By manipulating temperature and irradiance, we also tested for parallelism in plasticity (i.e., gene–environment interaction, GEI). In spite of global non‐parallel patterns transcriptome wide, we found significant parallelism in gene expression at the level of individual loci with an over‐representation of genes involved in biotic stress response. In addition, we demonstrated significant parallelism in GEI, indicating a shared differential response of the originally foothill versus alpine populations to environmental variation across mountain regions. A fraction of genes showing expression parallelism also encompassed parallel outliers for genomic differentiation, with greater enrichment of such variants in cis‐regulatory elements in some mountain regions. In summary, our results suggest frequent evolutionary repeatability in gene expression changes associated with the colonization of a challenging environment that combines constitutive expression differences and plastic interaction with the surrounding environment.
Persuasive Strategies on Social Media: A Case of Malaysian Social Media Influencer Asma Nasarudin
Authors: Ithnin Norrabiyah , Mohd Muhridza Nur Hazwani , Abdullah Siti Rahmah , Mohd Rosli Nur Afifah , Jamal Siti Noraisyah 
Published: December 2020

Social media influencers, or SMIs are on the rise in this age of ubiquitous Internet. SMIs as independent third-party endorsers utilise platforms such as social media, blogs, etc. to influence the attitudes of their audiences. SMIs have a powerful role in promoting or demoting a brand and/or organization to their followers as they can influence perceptions and even the purchasing power of their audiences. This phenomenon is obvious from the resonance of social media users with SMIs reviewing products, services and social trends on their social media accounts. SMIs document or visually narrate what they do in their daily life via photo and video-sharing applications in social networking sites (SNS) such as Instagram and YouTube. In order to become a ‘micro celebrity’, the influencers embed commercials and celebrity culture into their postings. This study aims to investigate the persuasive devices used by one Malaysian social media influencer through her social media postings using the five elements in the Electronic Eloquence Model (EEM). A thorough qualitative analysis was conducted to identify the strategies implied within the embedded media content of Malaysian SMI Asma’ Nasarudin. The data selected for analysis were gathered from her Instagram and YouTube video postings from October 2018 to December 2018. A total of five postings were carefully selected. Textual and visual analyses were conducted to investigate the persuasive strategies and devices. Findings demonstrated that all five elements of EEM appeared in the social media postings.
Habitual Caffeine Consumption Does Not Affect the Ergogenicity of Coffee Ingestion During a 5 km Cycling Time Trial
Authors: Clarke Neil D. , Richardson Darren L. 
Published: December 2020

There is growing evidence that caffeine and coffee ingestion prior to exercise provide similar ergogenic benefits. However, there has been a long-standing paradigm that habitual caffeine intake may influence the ergogenicity of caffeine supplementation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of habitual caffeine intake on 5-km cycling time-trial performance following the ingestion of caffeinated coffee. Following institutional ethical approval, in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled design, 46 recreationally active participants (27 men and 19 women) completed a 5-km cycling time trial on a cycle ergometer 60 m in following the ingestion of 0.09 g/kg coffee providing 3 mg/kg of caffeine, or a placebo. Habitual caffeine consumption was assessed using a caffeine consumption questionnaire with low habitual caffeine consumption defined as <3 and ≥6 mg · kg−1 · day−1 defined as high. An analysis of covariance using habitual caffeine intake as a covariant was performed to establish if habitual caffeine consumption had an impact on the ergogenic effect of coffee ingestion. Sixteen participants were classified as high-caffeine users and 30 as low. Ingesting caffeinated coffee improved 5-km cycling time-trial performance by 8 ± 12 s; 95% confidence interval (CI) [5, 13]; p < .001; d = 0.30, with low, 9±14 s; 95% CI [3, 14]; p = .002; d = 0.18, and high, 8 ± 10 s; 95% CI [−1, 17]; p = .008; d = 0.06, users improving by a similar magnitude, 95% CI [−12, 12]; p = .946; d = 0.08. In conclusion, habitual caffeine consumption did not affect the ergogenicity of coffee ingestion prior to a 5-km cycling time trial.
Reconciling along-strike disparity in slip displacement of the San Andreas fault, central California, USA
Authors: Gooley Jared T. , Sharman Glenn R. , Graham Stephan A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe correlation of the ca. 23 Ma Pinnacles and Neenach volcanic complexes provides the most robust estimate on the timing and magnitude of Neogene right-lateral displacement on the San Andreas strike-slip fault system (California, United States). Displacement of ∼315 km has been applied rigorously along the plate margin to guide reconstruction of offset paleogeographic features. We present new detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology from the La Honda and western San Joaquin basins to document sediment provenance and reevaluate compositional constraints on a hypothesized key cross-fault tie (i.e., Castle Rock–Recruit Pass submarine fan system). Whereas the Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene Vaqueros Formation of the La Honda basin was likely recycled from or shared a similar southern Sierra Nevada–western Mojave source with the underlying Eocene stratigraphy, we found that the Temblor Formation of the central Temblor Range (e.g., Recruit Pass submarine fan) was derived directly from Late Cretaceous northern Salinian basement. Furthermore, the Carneros Sandstone of the northern Temblor Range had a central Sierra Nevada batholith source that was likely recycled during early Miocene unroofing of the underlying stratigraphy. Conversely, strata of the southwest San Joaquin basin have provenance characteristics that match more closely with those of the La Honda basin.Our data preclude a contiguous Castle Rock–Recruit Pass submarine fan system across the San Andreas fault. These relationships are resolved by restoring the ca. 105–100 Ma basement of the northernmost Salinian block an additional ∼45 km or greater farther south relative to the Sierra Nevada batholith during late Oligocene–early Miocene time. Inconsistency in displacement along the San Andreas fault with the coeval correlation of the Pinnacles–Neenach volcanic complex is reconciled by postdepositional Miocene–Quaternary off-fault NW-SE structural shortening via major thrusts and/or transrotation of the Tehachapi block, in combination with extension of the northern Salinian block. This additional displacement reduces the need for pre–28 Ma slip on the San Andreas or predecessor faults to resolve Cretaceous through Eocene cross-fault relationships and reconciles an early Miocene discrepancy with Pacific–North America relative plate motion. This study highlights the fact that displacement histories of major strike-slip faults are divergent across changing structural domains, and recognition of slip disparities can constrain the magnitude of deformation.
New method of measuring subjective well-being: prospective validation study of the ‘Daily Experience Sampling Questionnaire’ (DESQ) in patients with psoriasis and healthy subjects in Germany
Authors: Blome Christine , Kirsten Natalia , Nergiz Ibrahim , Schiffner Ulrich , Otten Marina , Augustin Matthias 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo validate the newly developed Daily Experience Sampling Questionnaire (DESQ) that measures affective subjective well-being (SWB). The DESQ is an end-of-day diary in which respondents retrospectively rate their SWB at six different, randomly determined moments; it is completed over 1 week. The DESQ shall provide an alternative or complementary approach to existing methods of near-time SWB measurement (experience sampling, Day Reconstruction Method). The primary research objective was to determine criterion validity of the DESQ.DesignProspective, non-interventional study.SettingParticipants were recruited in Hamburg, Germany, at a specialised outpatient clinic (patients) and via different channels (healthy participants).Participants101 adults with diagnosed and stable psoriasis (46 women, 55 men); 105 adults without psoriasis (49 women, 56 men).Primary and secondary outcome measuresParticipants completed the DESQ for 3 weeks. In weeks 2 and 3, they also performed experience sampling. Criterion validity was determined by weekwise intraclass correlations (ICC) between both methods. Sensitivity to change was determined by the correlation between changes in both methods from weeks 2 to 3. For convergent validity, related concepts such as life satisfaction were measured. Retest reliability was determined using DESQ values of weeks 2 and 3.ResultsCriterion validity was excellent (ICC: patients=0.86, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.91; healthy participants=0.86, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.91). Sensitivity to change was r=0.57 and r=0.56, respectively. Correlations with convergent criteria were mostly significant and higher in constructs more proximal to SWB. The ICC indicating retest reliability was 0.77 in patients (95% CI 0.68 to 0.84) and 0.81 in healthy participants (95% CI 0.73 to 0.86).ConclusionsThe DESQ is a valid, reliable and feasible instrument for SWB measurement in people with psoriasis and healthy people. Its approach of end-of-day evaluations of single moments may also lend itself to the measurement of other highly time-variant constructs such as pain, fatigue or depression.
Injuries among Maryland jockeys during thoroughbred racing: 2015–2019
Authors: Ryan Kelly , Garruppo Gabrielle , Alexander Kezia , Hluchan Christine M , Lincoln Andrew E 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesOur goal was to characterise jockey injuries at Maryland racetracks during thoroughbred racing activities over 4 years using medical records maintained by the sports medicine team.MethodsInjury data were prospectively gathered by sports medicine physicians who were onsite for all thoroughbred racing activities in Maryland from 12 September 2015 to 5 May 2019 to evaluate and treat any injury to the jockeys. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, rates with corresponding 95% CIs and proportions) of injury types, body parts, mechanisms, severity and location on track were calculated.ResultsOver nearly 4 years of racing and 45 000 mounts, there were 204 injuries involving 184 incidents and 131 falls during those races. The vast majority of injuries (80%) was related to soft tissue, while 4% were concussions. Most injuries involved the lower extremity (31%) or upper extremity (26%) and typically resulted from a fall from the horse. Among all incidents, 79.3% (n=146) resulted in an injury, while 76.3% (n=100) of falls resulted in an injury. We identified a significant proportion of injuries (41%) in and around the starting gate. Over a quarter of incidents resulting in injury required further medical care in hospital or other medical facility, while surgery was required in 2.5% of injuries.ConclusionAccess to a consistent group of sports medicine providers facilitated jockey injury reporting and tracking. The majority of jockey injuries is related to soft tissue and results from falls, while the starting gate area is associated with the greatest proportion of injuries.
Relation between intra-abdominal pressure and early intestinal ischemia in rats
Authors: Strang Steven G , van der Hoven Ben , Monkhorst Kim , Ali Samir , van Lieshout Esther M M , van Waes Oscar J F , Verhofstad Michael H J 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundLittle is known on early irreversible effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Therefore, timing of abdominal decompression among patients with abdominal compartment syndrome remains challenging. The study objective was to determine the relation between IAP and respiratory parameters, hemodynamic parameters, and early intestinal ischemia.MethodsTwenty-five anesthetized and ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups exposed to IAPs of 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm Hg for 3 hours. Respiratory parameters, hemodynamic parameters, and serum albumin-cobalt binding (ACB) capacity as measure for systemic ischemia were determined. Intestines were processed for histopathology.ResultsIAP was negatively associated with mean arterial pressure at 90 (Spearman correlation coefficient; Rs=−0.446, p=0.025) and 180 min (Rs=−0.466, p=0.019), oxygen saturation at 90 min (Rs=−0.673, p<0.001) and 180 min (Rs=−0.882, p<0.001), and pH value at 90 (Rs=−0.819, p<0.001) and 180 min (Rs=−0.934, p<0.001). There were no associations between IAP and lactate level or ACB capacity. No histological signs for intestinal ischemia were found.DiscussionAlthough increasing IAP was associated with respiratory and hemodynamic difficulties, no signs for intestinal ischemia were found.Level of evidencePrognostic and epidemiologic study, level II.
Leptogenesis due to oscillating Higgs field
Authors: Enomoto Seishi , Cai Chengfeng , Yu Zhao-Huan , Zhang Hong-Hao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose a new leptogenesis scenario in which the lepton asymmetry and matter particles are simultaneously generated due to the coherent oscillating Higgs background. To demonstrate the possibility of our scenario, we consider the type-I seesaw model as an illuminating example and show the numerical analysis. In order to generate the required lepton number $$|n_L/s| = 2.4 \times 10^{-10}$$

|

n
L

/
s
|
=
2.4
×

10

-
10

, we find that the scales of the Higgs background oscillation is required to be higher than $$10^{14}$$

10
14

GeV.
Preclinical Applications of Multi-Platform Imaging in Animal Models of Cancer
Authors: Serkova Natalie J. , Glunde Kristine , Haney Chad R. , Farhoud Mohammed , De Lille Alexandra , Redente Elizabeth F. , Simberg Dmitri , Westerly David C. , Griffin Lynn , Mason Ralph P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In animal models of cancer, oncologic imaging has evolved from a simple assessment of tumor location and size to sophisticated multimodality exploration of molecular, physiologic, genetic, immunologic, and biochemical events at microscopic to macroscopic levels, performed noninvasively and sometimes in real time. Here, we briefly review animal imaging technology and molecular imaging probes together with selected applications from recent literature. Fast and sensitive optical imaging is primarily used to track luciferase-expressing tumor cells, image molecular targets with fluorescence probes, and to report on metabolic and physiologic phenotypes using smart switchable luminescent probes. MicroPET/single-photon emission CT have proven to be two of the most translational modalities for molecular and metabolic imaging of cancers: immuno-PET is a promising and rapidly evolving area of imaging research. Sophisticated MRI techniques provide high-resolution images of small metastases, tumor inflammation, perfusion, oxygenation, and acidity. Disseminated tumors to the bone and lung are easily detected by microCT, while ultrasound provides real-time visualization of tumor vasculature and perfusion. Recently available photoacoustic imaging provides real-time evaluation of vascular patency, oxygenation, and nanoparticle distributions. New hybrid instruments, such as PET-MRI, promise more convenient combination of the capabilities of each modality, enabling enhanced research efficacy and throughput.
FGFR Inhibition Overcomes Resistance to EGFR-targeted Therapy in Epithelial-like Cutaneous Carcinoma
Authors: Bernat-Peguera Adrià , Navarro-Ventura Juan , Lorenzo-Sanz Laura , da Silva-Diz Victoria , Bosio Mattia , Palomero Luis , Penin Rosa M. , Pérez Sidelnikova Diana , Bermejo Josep Oriol , Taberna Miren , Vilariño Noelia , Piulats Josep M. , Mesia Ricard , Viñals Joan Maria , González-Suárez Eva , Capella-Gutierrez Salvador , Villanueva Alberto , Viñals Francesc , Muñoz Purificación 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Recurrent and/or metastatic unresectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) are treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but have poor clinical responses. A limited response (up to 45% of cases) to EGFR-targeted therapies was observed in clinical trials with patients with advanced and metastatic cSCC. Here, we analyze the molecular traits underlying the response to EGFR inhibitors, and the mechanisms responsible for cSCC resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy.

Experimental Design:
We generated primary cell cultures and patient cSCC–derived xenografts (cSCC-PDXs) that recapitulate the histopathologic and molecular features of patient tumors. Response to gefitinib treatment was tested and gefitinib-resistant (GefR) cSCC-PDXs were developed. RNA sequence analysis was performed in matched untreated and GefR cSCC-PDXs to determine the mechanisms driving gefitinib resistance.

Results:
cSCCs conserving epithelial traits exhibited strong activation of EGFR signaling, which promoted tumor cell proliferation, in contrast to mesenchymal-like cSCCs. Gefitinib treatment strongly blocked epithelial-like cSCC-PDX growth in the absence of EGFR and RAS mutations, whereas tumors carrying the E545K PIK3CA-activating mutation were resistant to treatment. A subset of initially responding tumors acquired resistance after long-term treatment, which was induced by the bypass from EGFR to FGFR signaling to allow tumor cell proliferation and survival upon gefitinib treatment. Pharmacologic inhibition of FGFR signaling overcame resistance to EGFR inhibitor, even in PIK3CA-mutated tumors.

Conclusions:
EGFR-targeted therapy may be appropriate for treating many epithelial-like cSCCs without PIK3CA-activating mutations. Combined EGFR- and FGFR-targeted therapy may be used to treat cSCCs that show intrinsic or acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors.
Phase I and Pharmacologic Study of Olaparib in Combination with High-dose Radiotherapy with and without Concurrent Cisplatin for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: de Haan Rosemarie , van den Heuvel Michel M. , van Diessen Judi , Peulen Heike M.U. , van Werkhoven Erik , de Langen Adrianus J. , Lalezari Ferry , Pluim Dick , Verwijs-Janssen Manon , Vens Conchita , Schellens Jan H.M. , Steeghs Neeltje , Verheij Marcel , van Triest Baukelien 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
To identify an MTD of olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, in combination with loco-regional radiotherapy with/without cisplatin for the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods:
Olaparib dose was escalated in two groups: radiotherapy (66 Gy/24 fractions in 2.75 Gy/fraction) with and without daily cisplatin (6 mg/m2), using time-to-event continual reassessment method with a 1-year dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) period. The highest dose level with a DLT probability &lt;15% was defined as MTD. Poly ADP-ribose (PAR) inhibition and radiation-induced PAR-ribosylation (PARylation) were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients with loco-regional or oligometastatic disease (39%) were treated: 11 at olaparib 25 mg twice daily and 17 at 25 mg once daily. The lowest dose level with cisplatin was above the MTD due to hematologic and late esophageal DLT. The MTD without cisplatin was olaparib 25 mg once daily. At a latency of 1–2.8 years, severe pulmonary adverse events (AE) were observed in 5 patients across all dose levels, resulting in 18% grade 5 pulmonary AEs. Exploratory analyses indicate an association with the radiation dose to the lungs. At the MTD, olaparib reduced PAR levels by more than 95% and abolished radiation-induced PARylation. Median follow-up of survivors was 4.1 years. Two-year loco-regional control was 84%, median overall survival in patients with locally advanced NSCLC was 28 months.

Conclusions:
Combined mildly hypofractionated radiotherapy and low-dose daily cisplatin and olaparib was not tolerable due to esophageal and hematologic toxicity. Severe pulmonary toxicity was observed as well, even without cisplatin. More conformal radiotherapy schedules with improved pulmonary and esophageal sparing should be explored.
How to Become a Young Jewish Socialist Martyr in Interwar Poland: The Tsukunft Youth Movement and Its Politics of Memory
Authors: Kozłowska Magdalena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is no doubt that “new Jewish politics” flourished in interwar Poland. Youth movements played a very important part in that phenomenon. All of them were attuned to the Zeitgeist of the time, being convinced that Jews needed to be transformed in order to create a better future. Tsukunft, the youth movement associated with the Bund, was not unique in this regard. However, it offered a vision of the new man and woman which was slightly different than its Zionist counterparts. This paper focuses on the politics of memory of this Jewish socialist movement. Furthermore, the article illustrates that the Tsukunfist lexicon of myths was drawn not from Jewish cultural tradition but from an already developed socialist tradition of iconography and ideological education.
The Cinema Context Database on Film Exhibition and Distribution in the Netherlands: A Critical Guide
Authors: van Oort Thunnis , Noordegraaf Julia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cinema Context is an online database for researching the history of cinema exhibition and distribution in the Netherlands. It contains structured information on venues, persons and companies involved in the dissemination of film from the late nineteenth century until the present day, with an emphasis on the first half of the twentieth century. Aim of this paper is to document and critically reflect on the creation of the database and account for and motivate the choices made in constructing the data model and collecting the data.