bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient synthesis and characterization of novel bis‐heterocyclic derivatives and benzo‐fused macrocycles containing oxazolone or imidazolone subunits
Authors: Sanad Sherif M. H. , Mekky Ahmed E. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBis(3‐(arylthiomethyl)benzaldehydes), linked to aliphatic spacers via ethers, were prepared and used as key synthons for the bis(2‐phenyloxazol‐5(4H)‐ones) via their reaction with benzoylglycine in acetic anhydride in the presence of fused sodium acetate at 100°C for 6 hours. Bis(oxazol‐5(4H)‐ones) were reacted with the appropriate aromatic or heterocyclic amines in glacial acetic acid in the presence of fused sodium acetate at 100°C for 24 hours to afford a novel series of bis(2‐phenylimidazol‐4‐ones) and their related hybrids with benzo[d]thiazole and pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione. Moreover, bis(oxazol‐5(4H)‐ones) reacted with (4‐aminobenzoyl)glycine to afford bis[(4‐(5‐oxo‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzoyl)glycine] derivatives followed by their reaction with anisaldehyde in acetic anhydride containing fused sodium acetate at 100°C for 12 hours to afford bis(5‐oxo‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yloxazol‐5(4H)‐one) hybrids. Furthermore, bis(3‐(arylthiomethyl)benzaldehydes) were reacted with 2,2′‐(terephthaloylbis(azanediyl))diacetic acid in acetic anhydride containing fused sodium acetate at 100°C for 12 hours to give benzo‐fused macrocycles containing oxazolone subunits which reacted with appropriate aromatic amines in DMF and glacial acetic acid containing fused sodium acetate at 100°C for 24 hours to give benzo‐fused macrocycles containing imidazolone subunits.
Microwave assisted synthesis of 4‐methyl‐3‐arylpyrano[2,3‐f]chromen‐2(8H)‐one derivatives, evaluation of antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Dharavath Ravinder , Sarasija Madderla , Ram Reddy Makthal , Nalaparaju Nagaraju , Katta Ramakrishna , Ashok Dongamanti 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of new 4‐methyl‐3‐arylpyrano[2,3‐f]chromen‐2(8H)‐one derivatives were designed and synthesized through an efficient, an eco‐friendly manner under microwave irradiation and conventional heating methods. Structures of final compounds established based on IR, NMR and mass spectral analysis. The final target compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative activity by taking cisplatin as a reference, Further, antibacterial activity by taking strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, antifungal activity screened with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum strains. Many compounds results good activity.
One‐pot, three‐component synthesis of polyfunctionalized benzo[h]pyrazolo[3,4‐b][1,6]naphthyridine and benzo[g]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoline derivatives in the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
Authors: Khalafy Jabbar , Majidi Arlan Fatemeh , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad , Sarchami Vahid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn efficient and straightforward protocol for one‐pot, three‐component reaction of aryl glyoxal monohydrates1a‐h, 5‐amino‐1‐aryl‐3‐methylpyrazoles2a,band 4‐hydroxyquinoline‐2(1H)‐one (3) or 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (4) using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a high performance nanocatalyst in H2O/EtOH at 60°C afforded the corresponding polyfunctionalized benzo[h]pyrazolo[3,4‐b][1,6]naphthyridines5a‐hand benzo[g]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinolines6a‐i, respectively. Excellent catalytic activity, high yields, employing green media and green nanocatalyst, cost‐effective and simple procedure are some notable advantages of using AgNPs as a noble metal nanocatalyst in this synthetic strategy. The structures of fused heterocycles were confirmed by their Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), and13C‐NMR spectral data and microanalysis.
Coinfection of other respiratory pathogens and HIV in COVID‐19 patients: Is there a pattern?
Authors: Barrera‐López Pedro , Pérez‐Riveros Erika D. , Moreno‐Montoya José , Ballesteros Silvia Marcela , Valencia Sergio A. , De la Hoz‐Valle José A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov‐2) has led to the elaboration of multiple studies to increase knowledge and understanding, hence, having the ability to accomplish an adequate and timely diagnosis and give an optimal treatment according to the patient's condition. The clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 pose a series of challenges both in understanding and delimiting the disease secondary to the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This is due to the fact that the main axis of this disease is the endothelial compromise and the production of a “cytokine storm,” triggering multiple organ failure and death. Given that a complete understanding of its pathophysiology and clinical behavior has not yet been achieved, we wondered if coinfection with other respiratory viruses modifies its performance and outcomes described so far. A literature search was performed, obtaining 68 articles, of which 25 were analyzed. The analysis showed us that there is a high variety both in the types of associated infections and in the clinical behavior of patients and their outcomes. Therefore, we consider that the search for other infections should be performed exhaustively, especially in those cases that may be susceptible to treatment such as Influenza A, human immunodeficiency virus, or bacterial infections. As well as optimize the analysis of these cases and establish if there are characteristics that allow establishing the possibility of carrying an additional infection to that of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the implications for the management and prognosis of the patient.
Risk factors and outcomes of COVID‐19 in New York City; a retrospective cohort study
Authors: van Gerwen Maaike , Alsen Mathilda , Little Christine , Barlow Joshua , Genden Eric , Naymagon Leonard , Tremblay Douglas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global pandemic and information on risk factors for worse prognosis is needed to accurately identify patients at risk and potentially provide insight into therapeutic options. In this retrospective cohort study, including 3703 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19, we identified risk factors associated with all‐cause mortality, need for hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. Male gender was independently associated with increased risk of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]: 1.62; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.38‐1.91)), mechanical ventilation (ORadj: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08‐1.69) and death (ORadj: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.17‐1.82). Patients > 60 years had higher risk of hospitalization (ORadj: 5.47; 95% CI: 4.29‐6.96), mechanical ventilation (ORadj: 3.26; 95% CI: 2.08‐5.11) and death (ORadj: 13.04; 95% CI: 6.25‐27.24). Congestive heart failure (ORadj: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.06‐2.02) and dementia (ORadj: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.46‐2.83) were associated with increased odds of death, as well as the presence of more than two comorbidities (ORadj: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.35‐2.68). Patients with COVID‐19 of older age, male gender, or having more than two comorbidities are at higher risk of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation and death, and should therefore be closely monitored.
Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, DKA, and COVID‐19: Causality or coincidence? A report of three cases
Authors: Suwanwongse Kulachanya , Shabarek Nehad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNovel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a 2020 pandemic, has resulted in an unexpected loss in lives, quality of life, and the economy. The COVID‐19 clinical spectrum varies from asymptomatic to death, and its complications may involve various organs. Notwithstanding, the impact of COVID‐19 on endocrine systems is understudied. Previous coronavirus outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can cause new‐onset diabetes mellitus (DM). However, there were only two previous case reports on newly diagnosed DM in COVID‐19 patients. Here, we described three patients who had newly diagnosed DM associated with COVID‐19. COVID‐19 likely unmasked existing DM by aggravating its metabolic complications rather than causing the new‐onset DM in these patients. However, more research is needed to evaluate if there is a casual relationship between the development of DM, DKA, and COVID‐19.
Risk factors for severe hand, foot, and mouth disease infected with Coxsackievirus A6: A hospital‐based case‐control study
Authors: Li Yanan , Xiong Tiantian , Meng Yu , Zhao Rongxian , Yu Guangqing , Liu Jian , Xiao Jinrong , Wang Ke , Wu Taishun , Wei Sheng , Huang Jiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoxsackievirus 6 (CV‐A6) has been emerging as another predominant serotype for severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in China, after the introduction of enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccine (EV71 vaccine) for 3 years. Data on the risk factors for severe HFMD infected with CV‐A6 are limited. We interviewed the caregivers to collected data on HFMD patients who sought medical care in the People's Hospital of Baoan district, Shenzhen, from 2015 to 2017. Totally, 131 severe patients were frequency‐matched by age and gender with 174 mild patients infected with CV‐A6. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the risk factors for severe CV‐A6 HFMD. The average age was 20.62 ± 14.18 months and 20.52 ± 12.76 months for severe and mild patients, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated complications at birth (odds ratio [OR], 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64‐10.63), peak body temperature over 39°C (OR, 4.04; 95% CI: 2.29‐7.10) and first‐born child (OR, 2.17; 95% CI: 1.27‐3.70) increased the risk of severe HFMD infected with CV‐A6. Breastfeeding (OR, 0.52; 95% CI: 0.32‐0.87), and washing hands after playing frequently (OR, 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34‐0.97) were negatively associated with severe illness. Compared with HFMD with infection of EV‐A71, complications at birth and first‐born child were newly found to be associated with severe illness in HFMD patients infected with CV‐A6.
COVID‐19 and coagulation dysfunction in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Jing , Yan Han , Chen Hanchuan , He Chen , Lin Chunjin , He Haoming , Zhang Sicheng , Shi Songjing , Lin Kaiyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has posed a grave threat to the global public health. The COVID‐19‐induced infection is closely related to coagulation dysfunction in the affected patients. This paper attempts to conduct a meta‐analysis and systematically review the blood coagulation indicators in patients with severe COVID‐19. A meta‐analysis of eligible studies was performed to compare the blood coagulation indicators in patients with severe and nonsevere COVID‐19. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 1 December 2019 and 7 May 2020. A total of 13 studies with 1341 adult patients were enrolled in this analysis. Platelet (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −24.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −34.12 to −15.54; P < .001), d‐dimer (WMD = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09‐0.29; P < .001), and fibrinogen (WMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.50‐1.54; P < .001) were significantly associated with the severity in patients with COVID‐19. The meta‐analysis revealed that no correlation was evident between an increased severity risk of COVID‐19 and activated partial thromboplastin time (WMD = −1.56, 95% CI: −5.77 to 2.64; P = .468) or prothrombin time (WMD = 0.19, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.51; P = .243). The single arm meta‐analysis showed that compared with the nonsevere group, the severe group had a lower pooled platelet (165.12 [95% CI: 157.38‐172.85] vs 190.09 [95% CI: 179.45‐200.74]), higher d‐dimer (0.49 [95% CI: 0.33‐0.64] vs 0.27 [95% CI: 0.20‐0.34]), and higher fibrinogen (4.34 [95% CI: 1.98‐6.70] vs 3.19 [95% CI: 1.13‐5.24]). Coagulation dysfunction is closely related to the severity of patients with COVID‐19, in which low platelet, high d‐dimer, and fibrinogen upon admission may serve as risk indicators for increased aggression of the disease. These findings are of great clinical value for timely and effective treatment of the COVID‐19 cases.
A comparative analysis of interferons and direct‐acting antivirals on the expression of genes involved in hepatitis C pathogenesis
Authors: Farooq Mariya , Rauf Mahd , Tahir Fatima , Manzoor Sobia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe discovery of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized the treatment of hepatitis C worldwide. In contrast, pegylated interferon‐alpha (PEG IFN‐α), the older regimen, had limited success. However, the effect of DAAs on the expression of immunomodulatory genes involved in liver pathologies remains ambiguous. The objective of this study was to explore and contrast the effects of DAAs and PEG IFN‐α on the expression of selected immunomodulatory genes. Fifty individuals were enrolled in the study and they were divided into five categories; healthy individuals, treatment‐naive, DAAs‐responders, DAAs‐nonresponders, and interferon‐relapsers. The effect of the therapies on the expression of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS‐3), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), interleukin 10 (IL‐10), and collagen type 1 was analyzed. Expression analysis of the selected genes was done through real time polymerase chain reaction. A significantly increased expression of TGF‐β was observed in the patients who received DAAs or PEG IFN‐α, which suggests that patients receiving anti‐HCV therapies are prone to developing fibrosis. Moreover, DAAs‐nonresponders had higher expression of TNF‐α, SOCS‐3, and IL‐10. The elevated expression of TNF‐α and SOCS‐3 insinuates that DAAs‐nonresponders may develop insulin resistance and steatosis in the future. Finally, in addition to TGF‐β, high expression of collagen was found in interferon relapsers, which suggests that these patients are the most susceptible to developing cirrhosis.
The dynamic changes of serum IgM and IgG against SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Zhou Wei , Xu Xiaomao , Chang Zhigang , Wang He , Zhong Xuefeng , Tong Xunliang , Liu Taotao , Li Yanming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a worldwide pandemic since it emerged in December 2019. Previous studies have reported rapid antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 in the first 2 to 3 weeks after symptom onset. Here, we retrospectively described the dynamic changes of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG specifically against SARS‐CoV‐2 in later weeks (mainly 4‐10 weeks) in 97 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. We observed that serum IgM and IgG, especially in patients with moderate‐to‐high levels, declined significantly between week 4 to 10 after illness onset. Notably, IgG levels in high percentage of patients (77.5%, 31 of 40) rapidly declined by half, from 212.5 (range, 163.7‐420.3) to 96.3 (range, 75.0‐133.4) AU/mL, within 1 to 2 weeks in the second month and then sustained at around 100 AU/mL until discharge from hospital. Significant reduction of IgM was also observed as SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid turned negative (P = .002). In the recovery stage, serum IgG declined significantly (early vs late recovery stage, n = 16, P = .003) with a median reduction of 50.0% (range, 3.7%‐77.0%). Our results suggested that the decline of IgM may be an indicator of virus clearance and recovered patients may have a robust immunity against reinfection within at least 3 months after illness onset. Yet, the rapid reduction of IgG by half rises serious concerns on the robustness and sustainability of the humoral immune response in the period after discharge, which is crucial for immunity strategy and developing a vaccine.
Graphical enhancements to summary receiver operating characteristic plots to facilitate the analysis and reporting of meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy data
Authors: Patel Amit , Cooper Nicola , Freeman Suzanne , Sutton Alex 
Published: July 2020

Diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic reviews are conducted to summarize evidence on the accuracy of a diagnostic test including a critical evaluation of the primary studies. Where appropriate, the evidence is meta‐analyzed to obtain pooled estimates of effectiveness.In this study, we reviewed and critiqued three DTA guidance documents with respect to the graphical presentation of DTA meta‐analysis results. All three documents recommended the use of two forms of graphical presentation: (a) forest plots displaying meta‐analysis results for sensitivity (ie, the true positive rate) and specificity (ie, true negative rate) separately, and (b) Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curve to provide a global summary of test performance. Two primary shortcomings were identified: (a) lack of incorporation of quality assessment results into the main analysis and; (b) ambiguity with which the contribution of individual studies is represented on SROC curves. In response, two alternative graphical approaches were developed:
A quality assessment enhanced SROC plot which displays the results from individual studies in the meta‐analysis with multiple indicators of quality assessed using QUADAS‐2; and
A percentage study weights enhanced SROC plot which accurately portrays the percentage contribution each study makes to the meta‐analysis.
The proposed enhanced SROC curves facilitate the exploration of DTA data, leading to a deeper understanding of the primary studies included in a DTA meta‐analysis including identifying reasons for between study heterogeneity and why specific study results may be divergent. Both plots can easily be produced in the free online interactive application, MetaDTA (https://crsu.shinyapps.io/dta_ma/).
Immunochromatographic assay based on time‐resolved fluorescent nanobeads for the rapid detection of sulfamethazine in egg, honey, and pork
Authors: Wang Zexiang , Hu Song , Bao Huanhuan , Xing Keyu , Liu Jintao , Xia Jun , Lai Weihua , Peng Juan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulfamethazine (SMZ), a veterinary drug widely used in animal husbandry, is harmful to human health when excess residues are present in food. In this study, a fast, reliable, and sensitive immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed on the basis of the competitive format by using time‐resolved fluorescent nanobeads (TRFN) as label for the detection of SMZ in egg, honey, and pork samples.RESULTSUnder optimized working conditions, this method had limits of detection of 0.016, 0.049, and 0.029 ng mL−1 and corresponding linear ranges of 0.05 to 1.00, 0.05 to 5.00, and 0.05 to 1.00 ng mL−1 in egg, honey, and pork samples, respectively. The recovery experiments showed that the average recoveries ranged from 90.5% to 113.9%, 82.4% to 112.0%, and 79.8% to 93.4% with corresponding coefficients of variation of 4.1% to 11.7%, 7.5% to 11.5%, and 4.8% to 8.7% for egg, honey, and pork samples, respectively. The developed TRFN–ICA was also systematically compared with high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) by analyzing 45 actual samples from egg, honey, and pork.CONCLUSIONOverall, the developed TRFN–ICA had high reliability and excellent potential for the ultrasensitive detection of SMZ for food safety monitoring, also providing a universal platform for the on‐site detection of other targets. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Outcome after ex situ or ante situm liver resection with hypothermic perfusion and auto‐transplantation: A single‐centre experience in adult and paediatric patients
Authors: Schlegel Andrea , Sakuraoka Yuhki , Motwani Kanchan , Gourevitch David , Sharif Khalid , Isaac John , Almond Max , Desai Anant , Muiesan Paolo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvolving surgical technology and medical treatment have led to an expansion of indications to enable resection of large hepatic tumours with involvement of other abdominal structures.MethodsTwelve extended liver and abdominal resections, either ex situ with auto‐transplantation of the liver remnant or ante situm with veno‐venous bypass (VVBP) were performed between 2016 and 2018. We describe our preoperative assessment, compare surgical strategies and assess outcomes.ResultsThe median age of the 10 adult patients was 50.5 years with a majority suffering from sarcoma‐like tumours. The two paediatric patients were 3 and 8 years of age, both with hepatoblastoma. Two patients underwent ex situ resections with auto‐transplantation of the liver remnant, and nine patients had ante situm tumour removal with the use of VVBP in four. All patients achieved a good immediate liver function. Local infection and acute kidney injury were found in two patients. One patient underwent biliary reconstruction for bile leak. Tumour recurrence was seen in seven patients (58.3%), with four lung metastases. Five patients died from tumour recurrence (41.7%) during the follow‐up.ConclusionExtreme liver resections should be performed in experienced centres, where surgical subspecialties are available with access to cardiovascular support. Additionally, experience in split and living‐donor liver transplantation is beneficial.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The mechanobiology of differential growth
Authors: Smit Theodoor H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been linked to neurological, genetic, hormonal, microbial, and environmental cues. Physically, however, AIS is a structural deformation, hence an adequate theory of etiology must provide an explanation for the forces involved. Earlier, we proposed differential growth as a possible mechanism for the slow, three‐dimensional deformations observed in AIS. In the current perspective paper, the underlying mechanobiology of cells and tissues is explored. The musculoskeletal system is presented as a tensegrity‐like structure, in which the skeletal compressive elements are stabilized by tensile muscles, ligaments, and fasciae. The upright posture of the human spine requires minimal muscular energy, resulting in less compression, and stability than in quadrupeds. Following Hueter‐Volkmann Law, less compression allows for faster growth of vertebrae and intervertebral discs. The substantially larger intervertebral disc height observed in AIS patients suggests high intradiscal pressure, a condition favorable for notochordal cells; this promotes the production of proteoglycans and thereby osmotic pressure. Intradiscal pressure overstrains annulus fibrosus and longitudinal ligaments, which are then no longer able to remodel and grow, and consequently induce differential growth. Intradiscal pressure thus is proposed as the driver of AIS and may therefore be a promising target for prevention and treatment.
Study of the reactions of OH with HCl, HBr, and HI between 298 K and 460 K
Authors: Khamaganov Victor G. , Orkin Vladimir L. , Larin Igor K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe reactions between OH radicals and hydrogen halides (HCl, HBr, HI) have been studied between 298 and 460 K by using a discharge flow‐electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The rate constants were found to be kHCl(298 K) = (7.9 ± 1.3) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 with a weak positive temperature dependence, kHBr (298‐460 K) = (1.04 ± 0.2) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, and kHI(298 K) = (3.0 ± 0.3) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. The homogeneous nature of these reactions has been experimentally tested.