bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of lanthanum doped zirconium oxide (LaZrO2) gate dielectric material on FinFET inverter
Authors: Kaur Gurpurneet , Gill Sandeep Singh , Rattan Munish 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fin-typed field effect transistor (FinFET) has considered a suitable device for low power and high-performance applications. The incorporation of gate dielectric lanthanum doped zirconium oxide (LaZrO2) in the 14 nm silicon on insulator (SOI) FinFET not only enhanced effective carrier mobility but also diminished the short channel effects (SCEs). The FinFET embodiment with LaZrO2 has dwindled subthreshold swing (SS), reduced drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), and raised on-current to off-current ratio as a contrast to SiO2-based FinFET. A remarkable enhancement of 1.18×, 11×, and 1.3× for transconductance (g

m
), early voltage (V

EA
), and an intrinsic gain (A

V
), respectively, have been investigated. Further, LaZrO2-based n-FinFET and p-FinFET devices have devised with equal dimensions. The improved noise margin of 0.375 V using a single-fin FinFET-based inverter circuit has proven the acceptance of this device in a circuit application.
Ko tēnei te wā…. Te Tiriti o Waitangi education, teacher education, and early childhood care and education
Authors: Ritchie Jenny 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper offers a brief personal reflection on some leadership related observations from work as an early childhood teacher educator over the past thirty years. Te Tiriti o Waitangi education is a specific area that has previously not been sufficiently prioritised and has only comparatively recently been affirmed in government policy as a key focus of education henceforth. This paper reflects on some of the underlying reasons for this omission within education, pointing to notions of white supremacy in the colonialist assumption of sovereignty and ongoing racism that has negatively impacted on educational experiences and outcomes for Māori in Aotearoa and has also resulted in the degradation of our environment despite Tiriti o Waitangi assurances about the sustenance of rangatiratanga and protection of taonga which should have supported ongoing kaitiakitanga of te taiao. Some hopeful recent policy initiatives are acknowledged. It finishes with recognition of the current climate emergency and the need for urgent educational leadership required in response.
Deep learning under H2O framework: A novel approach for quantitative analysis of discharge coefficient in sluice gates
Authors: Ghorbani Mohammad Ali , Salmasi Farzin , Saggi Mandeep Kaur , Bhatia Amandeep Singh , Kahya Ercan , Norouzi Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGates in dams and irrigation canals have been used for the purpose of controlling discharge or water surface regulation. To compute the discharge under a gate, discharge coefficient (Cd) should be first determined precisely. From a novel point of view, this study investigates the effect of sill shape under the vertical sluice gate on Cd using four artificial intelligence methods, which are used to estimate Cd, (i) random forest (RF), (ii) deep learning (DL), (iii) gradient boosting machine (GBM), and (iv) generalized linear model (GLM). A sluice gate along with twelve different forms of sills was fabricated and tested in the University of Tabriz, Iran. Different flow rates were considered in the hydraulic laboratory with four gate openings. As a result, a total of 180 runs could be tested. The results showed that the installation of sill under the vertical gate has a positive effect on flow discharge. Sill shapes can be characterized by their hydraulic radius (Rs). Sensitivity analysis among the dimensionless parameters proved that Rs/G (the ratio of the hydraulic radius of the sills with respect to the gate opening) has a significant role in the determination of Cd. A semi-circular sill shape has a more positive effect on the increase of Cd than the other shapes.
Efficiency evaluation of sewage treatment technologies: implications on aquatic ecosystem health
Authors: Qayoom Umara , Bhat Sami Ullah , Ahmad Irfan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research paper tries to identify and address issues related to efficiency of sewage treatment plants (STPs) and their implications on the Dal Lake ecosystem in Srinagar city, Kashmir, India. Fluidized aerobic bioreactor (FAB) and sequential batch reactor (SBR) technologies having been recently installed along the periphery of Dal Lake were evaluated for efficiency for a continuous period of 24 months from December 2016 to November 2018. Apart from chemical quality, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and fecal streptococci (FS) analyses were also carried out. Major highlights of our work using one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) revealed significant variations (p &lt; 0.05) in total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), TC, FC, and FS. Our findings indicate that both technologies are struggling for removal efficiency, which is very low, especially in FAB during three to four months of winter season where a very high drop in the working efficiency of the STP was observed. The treatment facilities did not meet the prescribed standards in respect of TSS, BOD, NH3-N, TP, TC, FC, and FS thereby having the potential to compromise public health and trophic status of Dal Lake.
Interaction of hydro-socio-technology-knowledge indicators in integrated water resources management using soft-computing techniques
Authors: Zeinali Masoumeh , Zamanzad-Ghavidel Sarvin , Mehri Yaser , Azamathulla Hazi Mohammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVarious factors affect the development of social, cultural, and economic aspects of societies. One of these factors is the state of water resources. In this study, countries of the world with decreasing renewable water per capita were examined during the period 2005–2017. Specifically, 35, 5, 20, 48, 43, and 151 countries were selected from the American, Oceania, European, African, Asian continents, and the world respectively. Further, three hydro-socio-technology-knowledge indicators associated with demographic, technology, and knowledge dimensions were estimated with soft-computing methods (i.e. Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), Radial Basis Function (RBF), and Regression Trees (R Trees)) for the world's continents). The GMDH model's performance was the best among the other soft-computing methods in estimating the hydro-socio-technology-knowledge indicators for all the world's continents based on statistical criteria (coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE)). The values of RMSE for GMDH models for the ratio of rural to urban population (PRUP), population density (PD), number of internet users (IU) and education index (EI) indicators equaled (0.291, 0.046, 0.127, 0.199), (0.094, 0.023, 0.174, 0.137), (0.237, 0.044, 0.166, 0.225), (0.173, 0.031, 0.126, 0.163), (0.218, 0.058, 0.142, 0.196) and (0.231, 0.049, 0.167, 0.195) for America, Oceania, Europe, Africa, Asia and the world, respectively. The results indicate that there is an interaction between socio-technology-knowledge indicators. Thus, for water resources in all continents and the world, the hydro-socio-technology-knowledge indicators can be used for proper planning and management of water resources.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of a Novel Fibrinolytic Alkaline Serine Protease from Newly Isolated Bacillus flexus BF12 for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Raj T. Sterlin , Athimoolam S. , Vijayaraghavan P. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) such as stroke, high blood pressure, peripheral
vascular disease, ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction are some of the leading
causes of death. To treat CVDs, commercially available thrombolytic agents are widely used. However,
these thrombolytic agents have various side effects. Alternatively, fibrinolytic enzymes from bacterial
sources are highly safe and have direct blood clot lytic activity.

Methods:
A fibrinolytic enzyme producing bacterial strain, Bacillus flexus BF12, was isolated from a
solar saltpan in Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India. Enzyme production was improved by optimizing
physical factors and nutritional factors.

Results:
A novel fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated from a strain of the studied B. flexus BF12. Enzyme
production was enhanced significantly by optimizing process parameters. The critical physical factors
(pH and salinity) and influencing nutritional factors (carbon, nitrogen and ions) were optimized by one
variable at a time approach, followed by the statistical method. The strain BF12 was highly active at
alkaline pH (>7.0) and between 4 and 6% NaCl concentration. The nutrients such as fructose (carbon
source), beef extract (nitrogen source) and CaCl2 significantly influenced enzyme production. Central
composite design and response surface methodology improved 3.2-fold enzyme yield than unoptimized
culture medium. Fibrinolytic protease was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis
and gel filtration chromatography.

Discussion:
The molecular weight of an enzyme was found to be 23 kDa. It was active at a broad temperature
(40-60 °C) and pH (7.0-9.0) ranges. Enzyme activity was enhanced by Ca2+ and Co2+ ions.
The purified protease retained 100% enzyme activity in the presence of ethanol and acetone. Acetonitrile,
butanol, DMSO, methanol and chloroform showed enzyme activity of 63%, 92.5%, 94.7%,
92.3% and 90.4%, respectively. The purified enzyme degraded 100% of human blood clot.

Conclusion:
The Bacillus flexus BF12 fibrinolytic enzyme shows promising potentials in nutraceutical
and food fortification applications. The application of fibrinolytic enzymes could prevent CVDs.
An Overview of Aptamer: The Prominent Applications and Different Computational Tools for its Design
Authors: Ameri Mehrdad , Eskandari Sedigheh , Nezafat Navid 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides; due to their 3D structure, they can specifically
bind to various targets. They can target several molecules ranging from metal ions, organic components to proteins, and
large cells.

Methods:
According to the high affinity of aptamers, they can be used for diagnosis, therapeutic, vaccine development, and
gene silencing applications. The conventional method for aptamer selection is known as the systematic evolution of ligands
by exponential (SELEX). However, despite the efficiency of SELEX as a screening procedure, it is beneficial to develop
more rational procedures for aptamer selection.

Results & Discussion:
Herein, in silico approaches can play an effective role given their potential in representing an efficient, cost-effective, parallelizable, and rapid strategy. In recent years, several attempts have been applied to develop algorithms and software for the rational selection of aptamers. However, there is still a need for more efforts to achieve the most
efficient techniques in this area.

Conclusion:
In this review, we aim to overview different computational approaches that are used for aptamer selection.
Pharmacological Influencing of The Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway in Infectious Diseases and Inflammatory Pathologies
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav 
Published: November 2020

:The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a part of the parasympathetic nervous system and it can also be entitled as an anti-inflammatory reflex. It consists of terminations of the vagal nerve into blood, acetylcholine released from the terminations, macrophages and other cells having α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), calcium ions crossing through the receptor and interacting with nuclear factors, and erythrocytes with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) terminating the neurotransmission. Stopping of inflammatory cytokines production is the major task for the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can be stimulated or suppressed by agonizing or antagonizing α7 nAChR or by inhibition of AChE. This review is focused on cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway regulation by drugs. Compounds that inhibit cholinesterases (for instance, huperzine, rivastigmine, galantamine), and their impact on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway are discussed here and a survey of actual literature is provided.
Increasing Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Sub-Ventricular Zone: A Therapeutic Treatment for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: Sulehria Tahir , Corbett Adrian M. , Sharma Neelima , Nagarajan Devipriyanka , Abushamma Amani , Gagle Samantha , Johnson Alee 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to determine if pharmacological treatment
could increase progenitor cell proliferation in the Sub-ventricular Zone of aged rats. Previous work
had shown that increasing progenitor cell proliferation in this region correlated well (R2=0.78; p=
0.0007) with functional recovery in a damaged corpus callosum (white matter tract), suggesting that
progenitor cell proliferation results in oligodendrocytes in this region.

Methods:
10 month old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were fed the drugs for 30 days in cookie
dough, then immunocytochemistry was performed on coronal brain sections, using Ki67 labeling to
determine progenitor cell proliferation.

Results:
Female rats showed low endogenous (control) progenitor cell proliferation, significantly different
from male rats (P<0.0001), at this age. Ascorbic Acid (20 mg/kg, daily for 30 days) increased
progenitor cell proliferation overall, but maintained the innate gender difference in stem cell proliferation
(P=0.001). Prozac (5 mg/kg, daily for 30 days) increased progenitor cell proliferation for females
but decreased stem cell proliferation for males, again showing a gender difference (P<0.0001).
Simvastatin (1 mg/kg for 30 days) also increased progenitor cell proliferation in females and decreased
progenitor cell proliferation in males, leading to a significant gender difference.

Discussion:
The three drug combinations (fluoxetine, simvastatin, and ascorbic acid, patent #
9,254,281) led to ~ 4 fold increase in progenitor cell proliferation in females, while male progenitor
cell proliferation was highest with 50 mg/kg ascorbic acid. However, the ascorbic acid increase in proliferation
appears to be only on the sides of the ventricles, which is not the region that normally gives
rise to oligodendrocytes.

Conclusion:
There are innate gender differences in progenitor cell proliferation at the Sub-Ventricular
Zone at middle age in rats, possibly due to the loss of estrogen in females. We also see notable gender
differences in progenitor cell proliferation in the Sub ventricular Zone in response to common drugs,
such as fluoxetine, simvastatin and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
Ensino Superior: Quem Pode Deve Pagar
Authors: Passarinho Jarbas G. 
Published: November 2020

“Desejaríamos que pudessem ser instruídos Plenamente, atingindo assim a completa humanidade, não somente um homem, alguns homens ou muitos homens, mas todos os homens em conjunto e cada um isoladamente, jovens e velhos, ricos e pobres, nobres e camponeses, homens e mulheres, isto é, cada ser humano; para que, por fim, todo o gênero seja instruído, qualquer que seja sua idade, seu estado, seu sexo, sua nacionalidade. (Comênio) Estas nobres palavras de Jan Amos Comênio, o grande educador falecido há precisamente três séculos, ganharam autorizada atualidade quando a UNESCO as reproduziu, em 1968, em seu importante repositório “O Direito de Ser um Homem”; e permanecem plenamente válidas neste Ano Internacional da Educação, quando o Ministério da Educação e Cultura última um plano para a reformulação do custeio do ensino publico superior, indispensável à concretização de um velho ideal ainda inatingido.
Efecto del aporque en el rendimiento y la rentabilidad en cultivares nativos de papa
Authors: Rodríguez Soto Gilberto , Pinedo Taco Rember Emilio , Sulca Salazar Franklin 
Published: November 2020

En el cultivo de papa, la oportunidad y el número de aporques tienen relación directa con el rendimiento, la calidad comercial y los costos de producción. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto del número de aporques en las características biométricas y agronómicas (altura de planta, número de tallos, número de estolones, rendimiento total, rendimiento comercial) y el índice de rentabilidad de tres cultivares nativos de papa: Huayro, Peruanita y Tumbay. Los factores estudiados fueron las tres variedades de papa y dos momentos de aporque; el diseño fue de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 3×2 en cuatro repeticiones. La interacción cultivar por número de aporques fue altamente significativa para las variables rendimiento total y rendimiento comercial. En los tres cultivares, al realizar uno o dos aporques se constató el efecto favorable en mayores rendimientos total y comercial. El cultivar Huayro obtuvo los mayores rendimientos total (kg/ha) y comercial (kg/ha) cuando fue aporcado en dos oportunidades (p < 0,001). Con el aporque cero se observaron pérdidas en el rendimiento total de 86,02 %, 3,67 % y 47,89 % en los cultivares Huayro, Peruanita y Tumbay, respectivamente. En el análisis económico, el cultivar Tumbay, con un solo aporque, obtuvo el mayor índice de rentabilidad; un segundo aporque en los cultivares Huayro y Tumbay no se justifica económicamente.
Early-Stage Feasibility of a Mobile Health Intervention (Copilot) to Enhance Exacerbation-Related Self-Management in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Multimethods Approach
Authors: Korpershoek Yvonne JG , Holtrop Tjitske , Vervoort Sigrid CJM , Schoonhoven Lisette , Schuurmans Marieke J , Trappenburg Jaap CA 
Published: November 2020

Background
There is an emergence of mobile health (mHealth) interventions to support self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently, an evidence-driven mHealth intervention has been developed to support patients with COPD in exacerbation-related self-management: the Copilot app. Health care providers (HCPs) are important stakeholders as they are the ones who have to provide the app to patients, personalize the app, and review the app. It is, therefore, important to investigate at an early stage whether the app is feasible in the daily practice of the HCPs.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the perceived feasibility of the Copilot app in the daily practice of HCPs.

Methods
A multimethods design was used to investigate how HCPs experience working with the app and how they perceive the feasibility of the app in their daily practice. The feasibility areas described by Bowen et al were used for guidance. HCPs were observed while performing tasks in the app and asked to think aloud. The System Usability Scale was used to investigate the usability of the app, and semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the feasibility of the app. The study was conducted in primary, secondary, and tertiary care settings in the Netherlands from February 2019 to September 2019.

Results
In total, 14 HCPs participated in this study—8 nurses, 5 physicians, and 1 physician assistant. The HCPs found the app acceptable to use. The expected key benefits of the app were an increased insight into patient symptoms, more structured patient conversations, and more tailored self-management support. The app especially fits within the available time and workflow of nurses. The use of the app will be influenced by the autonomy of the professional, the focus of the organization on eHealth, costs associated with the app, and compatibility with the current systems used. Most HCPs expressed that there are conditions that must be met to be able to use the app. The app can be integrated into the existing care paths of primary, secondary, and tertiary health care settings. Individual organizational factors must be taken into account when integrating the app into daily practice.

Conclusions
This early-stage feasibility study shows that the Copilot app is feasible to use in the daily practice of HCPs and can be integrated into primary, secondary, and tertiary health care settings in the Netherlands. The app was considered to best fit the role of the nurses. The app will be less feasible for those organizations in which many conditions need to be met to use the app. This study provides a new approach to evaluate the perceived feasibility of mHealth interventions at an early stage and provides valuable insights for further feasibility testing.
Los Hornos de reverbero andinos
Authors: Cruz Pablo , Téreygeol Florian 
Published: November 2020

Bringing together information from colonial-era historical sources, archaeological data, and the results of archaeological experimentation, this work addresses reverberation furnaces, a kind of metallurgical furnace used in the southern Andes from the first moments of Spanish colonial efforts to produce silver in the region. Evidence of this three-chamber oven (composed of a fire chamber, vaulted work chamber, and chimney), has been identified and studied in different mining and metallurgical contexts in the south of Bolivia (Potosí, Santa Isabel, Mina Santiago, Escoriani, among others). Here, we show the continuities between pre-Hispanic metallurgy and reverbation furnaces. We challenge the general characterization of these furnaces as a European tradition, and propose instead that they were the result of local technological developments and later spread throughout Europe.
HOW STUDENTS WORK WITH PISA-LIKE MATHEMATICAL TASKS USING COVID-19 CONTEXT
Authors: Zulkardi Zulkardi , Meryansumayeka Meryansumayeka , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Alwi Zahra , Nusantara Duano Sapta , Ambarita Sahala Martua , Maharani Yulianita , Puspitasari Linda 
Published: November 2020

School students can use a sequence of contextual tasks to learn mathematics. We can use Covid-19 as a phenomenon or context to exploit in learning mathematics. This article describes how students learn with mathematical problems that adapted PISA tasks and used the Covid-19 context. This study involved 29 secondary-level students, 15 years old, and each has different levels of mathematical skills. We use three phases of design research as the research method. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and documents. Then, they were analyzed descriptively. The result showed there were ten problems developed, and students were asked to work with those problems. We found that there are steps in how students understand and solve the problem. First, if students find a picture in the task, then they observe at the picture, read the question, and then start working to solve the problem. Second, if students find a table with less data, students refer to all data in solving the problem. Third if students find a table which has a lot of data, then some students calculate all of the data and other only compared among them. We’d like to encourage students to understand the problem before solving the problem. They do this by observing the pictures, comprehending the tables and also the questions.
Lead Metal Adsorption from its Solution using Seagrass Biomass Enhalus Acoroides
Authors: Masita Siti , Said Irwan , Suherman Suherman 
Published: November 2020

Seagrass is one of the macrophyta plants containing enough biomass. Recently, seagrass has been used for filtering waste, drugs and sources of chemicals. Seagrass also functions to stabilize the soft bases where most species grow, especially with solid root systems and cross each other. Therefore, seagrass has the potential to absorb heavy metal ions from the solution. This research aimed to determine the optimum weight and optimum contact time for Pb metal adsorption. Weight variation of seagrass biomass was 60, 90, and 120 mg while variation in contact time was 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results obtained optimum weight of seagrass biomass to absorb Pb metal was 60 mg with 98.42% Pb absorbed, and optimum contact time for seagrass biomass to absorb Pb metal was 60 minutes with 95.45% Pb absorbed.