bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of High‐Caloric Nutrition on Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Ludolph Albert C. , Dorst Johannes , Dreyhaupt Jens , Weishaupt Jochen H. , Kassubek Jan , Weiland Ulrike , Meyer Thomas , Petri Susanne , Hermann Andreas , Emmer Alexander , Grosskreutz Julian , Grehl Torsten , Zeller Daniel , Boentert Matthias , Schrank Bertold , Prudlo Johannes , Winkler Andrea S. , Gorbulev Stanislav , Roselli Francesco , Schuster Joachim , Dupuis Luc ,   for the LIPCAL‐ALS Study Group
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveWeight loss has been identified as a negative prognostic factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but there is no evidence regarding whether a high‐caloric diet increases survival. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of a high‐caloric fatty diet (HCFD) for increasing survival.MethodsA 1:1 randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, double‐blinded trial (LIPCAL‐ALS study) was conducted between February 2015 and September 2018. Patients were followed up at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months after randomization. The study was performed at 12 sites of the clinical and scientific network of German motor neuron disease centers (ALS/MND‐NET). Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either HCFD (405kcal/day, 100% fat) or placebo in addition to riluzole (100mg/day). The primary endpoint was survival time, defined as time to death or time to study cutoff date.ResultsTwo hundred one patients (80 female, 121 male, age = 62.4 ± 10.8 years) were included. The confirmatory analysis of the primary outcome survival showed a survival probability of 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27–0.51) in the placebo group and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.25–0.49) in the HCFD group, both after 28 months (point in time of the last event). The hazard ratio was 0.97, 1‐sided 97.5% CI = −∞ to 1.44, p = 0.44.InterpretationThe results provide no evidence for a life‐prolonging effect of HCFD for the whole amyotrophic lateral sclerosis population. However, post hoc analysis revealed a significant survival benefit for the subgroup of fast‐progressing patients. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:206–216
Visible‐Light‐Induced Selective Defluoroborylation of Polyfluoroarenes, gem‐Difluoroalkenes, and Trifluoromethylalkenes
Authors: Xu Wengang , Jiang Heming , Leng Jing , Ong Han‐Wee , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFluorinated organoboranes serve as versatile synthetic precursors for the preparation of value‐added fluorinated organic compounds. Recent progress has been mainly focused on the transition‐metal catalyzed defluoroborylation. Herein, we report a photocatalytic defluoroborylation platform through direct B−H activation of N‐heterocyclic carbene boranes, through the synergistic merger of a photoredox catalyst and a hydrogen atom transfer catalyst. This atom‐economic and operationally simple protocol has enabled defluoroborylation of an extremely broad scope of multifluorinated substrates including polyfluoroarenes, gem‐difluoroalkenes, and trifluoromethylalkenes in a highly selective fashion. Intriguingly, the defluoroborylation protocol can be transition‐metal free, and the regioselectivity obtained is complementary to the reported transition‐metal‐catalysis in many cases.
Metal‐Templated, Tight Loop Conformation of a Cys‐X‐Cys Biomimetic Assembles a Dimanganese Complex
Authors: Le Trung , Nguyen Hao , Perez Lisa M. , Darensbourg Donald J. , Darensbourg Marcetta Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the goal of generating anionic analogues to MN2S2⋅Mn(CO)3Br we introduced metallodithiolate ligands, MN2S22− prepared from the Cys‐X‐Cys biomimetic, ema4− ligand (ema=N,N′‐ethylenebis(mercaptoacetamide); M=NiII, [VIV≡O]2+ and FeIII) to Mn(CO)5Br. An unexpected, remarkably stable dimanganese product, (H2N2(CH2C=O(μ‐S))2)[Mn(CO)3]2 resulted from loss of M originally residing in the N2S24− pocket, replaced by protonation at the amido nitrogens, generating H2ema2−. Accordingly, the ema ligand has switched its coordination mode from an N2S24− cavity holding a single metal, to a binucleating H2ema2− with bridging sulfurs and carboxamide oxygens within Mn‐μ‐S‐CH2‐C‐O, 5‐membered rings. In situ metal‐templating by zinc ions gives quantitative yields of the Mn2 product. By computational studies we compared the conformations of “linear” ema4− to ema4− frozen in the “tight‐loop” around single metals, and to the “looser” fold possible for H2ema2− that is the optimal arrangement for binucleation. XRD molecular structures show extensive H‐bonding at the amido‐nitrogen protons in the solid state.
Synthesis and characterization of elastomeric polyurea foam
Authors: Reed Nathan , Huynh Nha Uyen , Rosenow Brooke , Manlulu Kristoffer , Youssef George 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPolymeric foams are ubiquitous in impact mitigation for civilian and military applications; the performance in such loading scenarios can be elucidated through quasi‐static and dynamic mechanical testing. The present study reports on the complex microstructure of newly synthesized polyurea foams exhibiting a hierarchical structure consisting of large perforated semi‐closed spherical cells with a mean diameter of 370 ± 162 μm surrounded by smaller closed, spherical cells with size distribution of 69 ± 18 μm. The stress–strain curves were used to calculate the basic mechanical properties and to predict the dynamic behavior of the foams. Nonlinear regression and finite element analyses were used to calibrate the Ogden hyperfoam model to explicate the hyperelastic behavior. The performance of the polyurea foam was found to outperform a benchmark foam in nearly all the elastic and energy absorbing properties. For example, one variation of the newly synthesized foam stored nearly doubled the energy of the benchmark foam while being 12% lighter. Low‐density polyurea foam was found to decelerate an incoming impact mass with a minimum G‐level that was nearly one third lower than the higher density polyurea and benchmark foams. In all, the behavior of the foam is dependent on the parameters of the fabrication process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48839.
Distinguishing Extinction and Natural Selection in the Anthropocene: Preventing the Panda Paradox through Practical Education Measures
Authors: Wyner Yael , DeSalle Rob 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the midst of only the 6th mass extinction in the Earth's history, we must rethink how we teach evolution to prevent natural selection from being incorrectly used as a biological justification for inaction in the face of today's human‐caused mass extinction crisis. Pundits, policy makers, and the general public regularly identify the extinction of endangered species as natural selection at work, rather than attributing modern‐day extinction to the sudden catastrophic bad luck of human caused environmental change, a phenomenon distinct from natural selection. In this natural selection framing, the inability of species to survive in human altered environments is the normal progression of “survival of the fittest” and conservation measures designed to protect species is human interference with natural selection. Paradoxically, this erroneous framing of extinction as the normal course of natural selection ignores humanity's exceptional role in causing today's mass extinction crisis. Our examination of this issue in U.S. college students indicates that it arises from misunderstanding the role of extinction in the history of life, leading us to recommend a greater teaching emphasis on the distinction between extinction and natural selection, and on past mass extinction events. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/29VRyirMdiw
Outcomes of patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention with covered stents for coronary perforation: A systematic review and pooled analysis of data
Authors: Nagaraja Vinayak , Schwarz Konstantin , Moss Stuart , Kwok Chun Shing , Gunning Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis review aims to evaluate the adverse outcomes for patients after treatment with covered stents.BackgroundCoronary perforation is a potentially fatal complication of percutaneous coronary revascularization which may be treated using covered stents. Studies have evaluated long‐term outcomes among patients who received these devices, but hitherto no literature review has taken place.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of adverse outcomes for patients after treatment with covered stents. Data from studies were pooled and outcomes were compared according to stent type.ResultsA total of 29 studies were analyzed with data from 725 patients who received covered stents. The proportion of patients with chronic total occlusions, vein graft percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), intracoronary imaging and rotational atherectomy were 16.9, 11.5, 9.2, and 6.6%, respectively. The stents used were primarily polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (70%) and Papyrus (20.6%). Mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, pericardiocentesis/tamponade and emergency surgery were 17.2, 35.3, 27.1, and 5.3%, respectively. Stratified analysis by use of PTFE, Papyrus and pericardial stents, suggested no difference in mortality (p = .323), or target lesion revascularization (p = .484). Stent thrombosis, pericardiocentesis/tamponade and emergency coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) occurred more frequently in patients with PTFE stent use (p = .011, p = .005, p = .012, respectively). In‐stent restenosis was more common with pericardial stent use (<.001, pooled analysis for first‐ and second‐generation pericardial stents).ConclusionsCases of coronary perforation which require implantation of a covered stent are associated with a high rate of adverse outcomes. The use of PTFE covered stents appears to be associated with more stent thrombosis, pericardiocentesis/tamponade, and emergency CABG when compared to Papyrus or pericardial stents.
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus assessed by multimodality imaging
Authors: Sala Michiel L. , van Dijkman Paul R. M. , Kuijpers Dirkjan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhysicians may not be familiar with caseous calcification of the mitral annulus. It can therefore easily be mistaken for other conditions including tumors. In the appropriate clinical context, by using multimodality imaging, a correct diagnosis can be made, and patient concern or even unnecessary surgery can be avoided.
Cerium(III) Nitrate Derived CeO2 Support Stabilising PtOx Active Species for Room Temperature CO Oxidation
Authors: Vasilchenko Danila , Asanova Tatyana , Kolesov Boris , Tsygankova Alphiya , Stadnichenko Andrey , Slavinskaya Elena , Gerasimov Evgeny , Lomachenko Kirill , Boronin Andrey , Korenev Sergey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new approach for preparing a PtOx/CeO2 catalyst for low‐temperature CO oxidation has been developed. The approach includes; i) preparation of a CeO2 support through the controllable thermal decomposition of Ce(NO3)3 ⋅ 6H2O, and then ii) deposition of polynuclear platinum nitrato complexes ([H3O⊂18‐crown‐6]2[Pt2(μ2‐OH)2(NO3)8][Pt4(μ3‐OH)2(μ2‐OH)4(NO3)10]) on the CeO2 support. The NO3−‐rich ceria support produced at the onset temperature of Ce(NO3)3 ‐> CeO2 transformation (220 °C) yields the “PtOx/CeO2‐220” catalyst that shows intriguingly high activity in CO oxidation, at room temperature and below. To understand the nature of the low‐temperature catalytic activity, prepared catalysts have been studied using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman and operando X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Halogen Bonding Interactions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the Potential for Thyroid Disruption
Authors: Marsan Eric S. , Bayse Craig A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) flame retardants are persistent pollutants and inhibit neurodevelopment, particularly in the early stages of life. Halogen bonding (XB) to the iodothyronine deiodinases (Dio) that modulate thyroid hormones (THs) is a potential mechanism for endocrine disruption. Cl⋅⋅⋅Se XB interactions of PCBs with SeMe−, a small model of the Dio active site selenocysteine, are compared with previous results on polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and THs using density functional theory. PCBs generally display weaker XB interactions compared to PBDEs and THs, consistent with the dependence of XB strength on the size of the halogen (I>Br>Cl). PCBs also do not meet a proposed energy threshold for substrates to undergo dehalogenation, suggesting they may behave as competitive inhibitors of Dio in addition to other mechanisms of endocrine disruption. XB interactions in PCBs are position‐dependent, with ortho interactions slightly more favorable than meta and para interactions, suggesting that PCBs may have a greater effect on certain classes of Dio. Flexibility of PCBs around the biphenyl C−C bond is limited by ortho substitutions relative to the biphenyl linkage, which may contribute to the ability to inhibit Dio and other TH‐related proteins.
Fused‐Pentagon Isomers of C60 Fullerene Isolated as Chloro and Trifluoromethyl Derivatives
Authors: Vysochanskaya Olga N. , Brotsman Victor A. , Goryunkov Alexey A. , Feiler Christian G. , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe carbon cage of buckminsterfullerene Ih‐C60, which obeys the Isolated‐Pentagon Rule (IPR), can be transformed to non‐IPR cages in the course of high‐temperature chlorination of C60 or C60Cl30 with SbCl5. The non‐IPR chloro derivatives were isolated chromatographically (HPLC) and characterized crystallographically as 1809C60Cl16, 1810C60Cl24, and 1805C60Cl24, which contain, respectively two, four, and four pairs of fused pentagons in the carbon cage. High‐temperature trifluoromethylation of the chlorination products with CF3I afforded a non‐IPR CF3 derivative, 1807C60(CF3)12, which contains four pairs of fused pentagons in the carbon cage. Addition patterns of non‐IPR chloro and CF3 derivatives were compared and discussed in terms of the formation of stabilizing local substructures on fullerene cages. A detailed scheme of the experimentally confirmed non‐IPR C60 isomers obtained by Stone–Wales cage transformations is presented.
Syngas Fermentation to Alcohols: Reactor Technology and Application Perspective
Authors: Stoll I. Katharina , Boukis Nikolaos , Sauer Jörg 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne approach of Power‐to‐X is the coupling of the energy and chemical sector, using electrolysis for syngas generation and microbial gas conversion for the production of biochemicals. On the verge of commercialization, known challenges of gas fermentation technology are poor mass transfer of syngas, low cell concentration and productivity. These problems can be addressed by an intelligent reactor design. Thus, this article provides an overview on the current state of the art for reactor technology in syngas fermentation and discusses possible concepts with regard to an application at industrial scale.
Time‐trends and treatment gaps in the antithrombotic management of patients with atrial fibrillation after percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the CHUM AF‐STENT Registry
Authors: Boivin‐Proulx Laurie‐Anne , Deneault‐Marchand Ariane , Matteau Alexis , Mansour Samer , Gobeil François , Camm John A. , Fox Keith A. A. , Potter Brian J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe management of atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has undergone a rapid recent evolution. In 2016, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) published expert recommendations to help guide clinicians in balancing bleeding and thrombotic risks in these patients.HypothesisAntithrombotic regimen prescriptions for AF patients undergoing PCI evolved after the publication of the 2016 CCS AF guidelines.MethodsA prospective cohort of AF patients undergoing PCI with placement of a coronary stent from a single tertiary academic center was analyzed for the recommended antithrombotic regimen at discharge. Prescribing behavior was compared between three time periods (Cohort A [2010‐2011]; Cohort B [2014‐2015]; Cohort C [2017]) using the χ2 test. In addition, antithrombotic management in Cohorts B and C were compared to guideline‐recommended therapy.ResultsA total of 459 patients with AF undergoing PCI were identified. Clinical and procedural characteristics were similar between cohorts, with the exception of an increase in drug‐eluting stent (DES) use over time (P < .01). Overall, the rate of oral anticoagulation (OAC) increased over time (P < .01), associated with an increase in nonvitamin K OAC prescription (P < .01) and a concomitant decrease in vitamin K antagonist prescription (P < .01). Despite this, the overall rate of anticoagulation remains below what would be predicted with perfect guideline compliance (75% vs 94%, P < .01).ConclusionThere has been a dramatic shift in clinical practice for AF patients requiring PCI, with increases in prescription of OAC even in the context of an increase in the use of DES. However, room for further practice optimization still exists.
Efficacy and safety of tailored and dose‐dense adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab for resected HER2‐positive breast cancer: Results from the phase 3 PANTHER trial
Authors: Papakonstantinou Antroula , Matikas Alexios , Bengtsson Nils Olof , Malmström Per , Hedayati Elham , Steger Guenther , Untch Michael , Hübbert Laila , Johansson Hemming , Hellström Mats , Gnant Michael , Loibl Sibylle , Greil Richard , Moebus Volker , Foukakis Theodoros , Bergh Jonas 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundDose‐dense (DD) adjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes in early breast cancer (BC). However, there are no phase 3 randomized data to inform on its combination with trastuzumab for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive disease.MethodsThis was a protocol‐predefined secondary analysis of the randomized phase 3 Pan‐European Tailored Chemotherapy (PANTHER) trial. Women 65 years old or younger with node‐positive or high‐risk, node‐negative BC were randomized 1:1 to either tailored (according to hematologic nadirs) and DD epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel or standard 5‐fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide plus docetaxel every 3 weeks. Patients with HER2‐positive disease received 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab. The primary endpoint was BC relapse–free survival. In addition, HER2‐positive patients and an equal number of HER2‐negative patients matched for age, treatment group, and institution who were enrolled at Swedish sites were asked to participate in a predefined study of cardiac safety and underwent echocardiography or multigated acquisition scanning and electrocardiography at the baseline and at 4 and 6 years of follow‐up.ResultsThere were 342 HER2‐positive patients; 335 received at least 1 dose of trastuzumab, and 29 patients discontinued trastuzumab prematurely. Relapse‐free survival was not statistically significantly in favor of the tailored and DD group (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.37‐1.27; P = .231). Cardiac outcomes after 4 and 6 years of follow‐up did not differ significantly between HER2‐positive and HER2‐negative patients or between the 2 treatment groups.ConclusionsThe combination of DD chemotherapy and trastuzumab decreased the relative risk for relapse by 32% in comparison with standard treatment, a statistically nonsignificant difference. Its efficacy and safety merit further evaluation as part of both escalation and de‐escalation strategies.
Comparison between two types of needles for Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine aspiration biopsy of pancreatic and upper gastrointestinal masses
Authors: Alkhateeb Khaled , Lee Beatrice B. , Alatassi Houda , Sanders Mary A. , Omer Endashaw M. , McClave Stephen A. , Fraig Mostafa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) has long been the main method for sampling pancreatic lesions. Recently, the method of fine‐needle biopsy (FNB) was introduced in practice, allowing for the acquisition of tissue cores while aspirating the lesion. We hereby report our experience with a new FNB needle compared with the standard FNA needle.MethodsRetrospective data from our department were collected on patients who underwent FNB using the Acquire EUS‐FNB needle (Boston Scientific, Massachusetts) and FNA using the EchoTip Ultra EUS‐FNA Needle (Cook Medical, Indiana) between January 2017 and February 2018. The cases were reviewed independently by two cytopathologists and evaluated for the presence of cell block or core tissue material, adequacy for potential ancillary testing, and number of passes.ResultsThe number of passes ranged from 1 to 16, with a mean of 5.52 ± 3.74 in the FNA group, and from 1 to 6, with a mean of 2.74 ± 1.11 passes in the FNB group (P < .0001). Tissue cores were present in 87.23% of the FNB needle samples. A cell block was adequate in 36.36% of cases using the FNA needle. The diagnostic yield as well as the adequacy for ancillary testing were significantly different between the two groups (P = .0001). The tumor size, location and patients' demographics were not statistically significant between the two groups.ConclusionCompared with the conventional needle, the new FNB needle was associated with a lower number of passes and a better yield for histological material.
The influence of experimentally induced polyploidy on the relationships between endopolyploidy and plant function in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Pacey Evan K. , Maherali Hafiz , Husband Brian C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhole genome duplication, leading to polyploidy and endopolyploidy, occurs in all domains and kingdoms and is especially prevalent in vascular plants. Both polyploidy and endopolyploidy increase cell size, but it is unclear whether both processes have similar effects on plant morphology and function, or whether polyploidy influences the magnitude of endopolyploidy. To address these gaps in knowledge, fifty‐five geographically separated diploid accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana that span a gradient of endopolyploidy were experimentally manipulated to induce polyploidy. Both the diploids and artificially induced tetraploids were grown in a common greenhouse environment and evaluated with respect to nine reproductive and vegetative characteristics. Induced polyploidy decreased leaf endopolyploidy and stem endopolyploidy along with specific leaf area and stem height, but increased days to bolting, leaf size, leaf dry mass, and leaf water content. Phenotypic responses to induced polyploidy varied significantly among accessions but this did not affect the relationship between phenotypic traits and endopolyploidy. Our results provide experimental support for a trade‐off between induced polyploidy and endopolyploidy, which caused induced polyploids to have lower endopolyploidy than diploids. Though polyploidy did not influence the relationship between endopolyploidy and plant traits, phenotypic responses to experimental genome duplication could not be easily predicted because of strong cytotype by accession interactions.