bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Approximation to Inclusive Language in LMOOCs Based on Appraisal Theory
Authors: Barcena Elena , Read Timothy , Sedano Beatriz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article explores inclusive language as a form of verbal communication in an open online language course for refugees and migrants. Firstly, the existing evidence of the benefits of using inclusive language in education is analyzed. Secondly, the specific need to use this type of language in the context of online courses for displaced people is discussed. Thirdly, a first approximation towards the identification of linguistic resources that may impact both group inclusion and individual discrimination is attempted, based on principles and categories from Appraisal Theory. Fourthly, the presence and effects of these linguistic resources are analyzed in the materials and forums of a highly successful LMOOC of elementary Spanish for refugees and migrants. Fifthly and finally, conclusions are drawn on the convenience of incorporating inclusive language as a design element in LMOOCs for displaced people, enhance its use in forums, and train facilitators accordingly.
Study on the Usefulness of Machine Translation in the Migratory Context: Analysis of Translators’ Perceptions
Authors: Macías Lorena Pérez , Ramos María del Mar Sánchez , Rico Celia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of machine translation in the field of migrations seems to be very limited and, in view of the latest developments, it is only natural to explore its usefulness in the migratory context. In an attempt to introduce this technology into this particular area, this article reports on a qualitative study on translators’ perceptions towards machine translation and post-editing tasks. The findings of the study indicate that both are not widely developed within the migratory context and further work is required. Based on our findings, we believe that this study can contribute to opening the way for machine translation and post-editing tasks to be included into the field of migrations.
Mothers of a Nation: How Motherhood and Religion Intermingle in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Bergmann Claudia D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConception, pregnancy, childbirth, and the rearing of children are truly human experiences. But in religions and in their authoritative texts, these experiences are regularly utilized in metaphorical or symbolic language, or in narratives that tell of the origins of families or even peoples, of the relationship between individuals and groups or the relationship between humanity and the gods. Taking a closer look at the events surrounding childbirth and the time period of breastfeeding, it will be shown how literary texts from the Hebrew Bible go about intermingling motherhood and religion for the purpose of describing the origins of a nation.
Effects of oral alcohol administration on heat pain threshold and ratings of supra-threshold stimuli
Authors: Capito Eva Susanne , Lautenbacher Stefan , Wolstein Jörg , Horn-Hofmann Claudia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
Evidence for analgesic effects of oral alcohol consumption on heat pain has recently been documented in a placebo-controlled, randomized and double-blind design. We aimed at further investigating these effects and now set the focus on pain threshold and the ratings of supra-threshold pain to cover most of the pain range. Moreover, we now firstly evaluated sex differences in these effects.

Methods
We investigated 41 healthy participants (22 females) in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled design and targeted two different moderate breath-alcohol levels of 0.06% and 0.08%. Before and after an alcoholic or placebo drink, contact heat was applied at the forearm. Subjects evaluated pain threshold (method of adjustment) and rated pain intensity and pain unpleasantness of supra-threshold stimuli (intensity: threshold +3 °C; duration: 5 s).

Results
Analgesic effects taking the form of increased pain thresholds were found after both alcohol doses, surprisingly with more pronounced effects for the lower dose. While the high alcohol dose exerted small analgesic effects on pain intensity ratings (i.e. decrease), slightly increased ratings of pain intensity and pain unpleasantness after the low alcohol dose rather suggest pain enhancement. Alcohol did not affect intensity vs. unpleasantness ratings differentially. We found no evidence for sex differences in any of these effects.

Conclusions
Overall, acute alcohol effects on pain were subtle. Our findings suggest that while low alcohol doses already exert analgesic effects on pain threshold, stronger doses are required for pain reduction on supra-threshold pain levels. Furthermore, sex differences could not be detected within our experimental paradigm but should be further explored in future research.

Implications
Analgesic effects of sub-toxic alcohol doses – as normally occurring during social drinking – might be weak; however, susceptibility to pain relieving effects of alcohol might be a risk factor for the use of alcohol as self-medication in acute pain states.
Conditioned pain modulation in elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McDougall Jessica , Jutzeler Catherine R. , Scott Alex , Crocker Peter R.E. , Kramer John L.K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
Elite athletes reportedly have superior pain tolerances, but it is unclear if results extend to conditioned pain modulation (CPM). The aim of our study was to synthesize existing literature in order to determine whether CPM is increased in elite athletes compared to healthy controls.

Methods
A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for English-language studies that examined CPM in adult elite athlete populations.

Results
Seven studies were identified; all were of poor to fair methodological quality. There was no overall difference in CPM between elite athletes and controls (Hedges g = 0.37, CI95 −0.03−0.76; p = 0.07). There was heterogeneity between studies, including one that reported significantly less CPM in elite athletes compared to controls. An exploratory meta-regression indicated that a greater number of hours trained per week was associated with higher CPM.

Conclusions
The overall number and quality of studies was low. Despite nominally favoring higher CPM in elite athletes, aggregate results indicate no significant difference compared to healthy controls. A possible factor explaining the high degree of variability between studies is the number of hours elite athletes spent training.

Implications
Based on available evidence, athletes do not have remarkable endogenous pain modulation compared to controls. High quality experimental studies are needed to address the effect of hours trained per week on CPM in athletes.
Celtic and Venetic in contact: the dialectal attribution of the personal names in the Venetic record
Authors: Prósper Blanca María 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Dieser Aufsatz behandelt eine Reihe von Problemen, die in der vermutlich keltischen Onomastik auf venetischen Inschriften auftreten. In diesem Zusammenhang werden hier neben der eigentlichen etymologischen Analyse eine Reihe von Fragen bezüglich des Verlusts von /p/ im Keltischen, des frühkeltischen Akzents, Anlautgruppen, Wortstellung, Schemata der Bildung komponierter Nomina agentis, Fehlwahrnehmungen oder unerwarteter phonemischer Interpretationen fremder Formen durch einheimische Schreiber sowie areallinguistischer Phänomene wie des Verlusts von intervokalischem -u̯- und -s- behandelt.
Activity-guided isolation of cholinesterase inhibitors quercetin, rutin and kaempferol from Prunus persica fruit
Authors: Szwajgier Dominik , Borowiec Kamila , Zapp Josef 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Prunus persica fruit is a source of anti-cholinesterase agents and led to an increase of acetylcholine levels in brain tissue as a usefull tool in the Alzheimer’s disease therapy. This study aimed to propose a convenient method for the purification of cholinesterase inhibitors from P. persica water extract. Water extract from the fruit was ultrafiltered (0.2 μm→5 kDa→3 kDa) followed by preparative chromatography (Sephadex LH-20, high pressure C18) and high pressure analytical C18 chromatography. The chemical structures of inhibitors were confirmed using infrared and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was measured using the colorimetric method in fractions obtained after each stage of purification. Polyphenolic cholinesterase inhibitors identified in peach fruit were kaempferol, quercetin and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoglucoside (rutin). The relatively fast purification procedure elaborated in this work can be adopted for the isolation of phenolic cholinesterase inhibitors from fruit extracts related to P. persica fruit.
Ripensare la lingua delFlos sanctorumcatalano
Authors: Gesiot Jacopo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe article represents an attempt to reconsider the exceptional linguistic status of the manuscript Esp. 44 in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, containing the Old Catalan translation of Jacopo da Varazze’sLegenda aurea. First studied by Joan Coromines, its language appeared remarkably conservative and vernacular to the great philologist, however now, more than a half-century after his judgment, the comparison with other products of what has been defined the earliest Catalan scripta leads to relativize linguistic traits of the Parisian manuscript. In particular, it is shown that the manuscript 713 in the library of the University of Barcelona is also distinguished by its linguistic features, and yet it is studied here for the first time.
Caracterización formal y semántica del sujeto y del objeto directo léxicos en construcciones transitivas en la historia del español
Authors: Puerma Bonilla Javier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this research is to characterize the form and the semantics of the transitive arguments lexical subject and direct object in transitive constructions throughout the history of the Spanish language. Firstly, this paper presents the analysis of the internal structural complexity of the subject and the direct object. Secondly, it shows the evolution of the features ±humanand ±concreteof both arguments. The hypothesis is that Spanish has experienced a weakening of the typical lexical-semantic features of transitive arguments in parallel to an increase of their internal structural complexity. The quantitative evidence is supported byzstatistic proof.
Vicissitudini lessicografiche di cocoggio e di acudia
Authors: Merida Raphael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The word cocuyo ‘luminous insect originating from central America’ appears in Italian texts of the last few centuries in a variety of forms. In the article, we analyse the historic events that allowed the creation and spread of the ghost-word acudia (from the original word cocuyo) and how this is present in various Italian dictionaries.
Corrosion Evaluated by Using Speckle Decorrelation with Potentiodynamic Test of the Corrosion Rate
Authors: Nascov Victor , Samoilă Cornel , Ursuţiu Doru 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There are corrosion experiments that require an investigated surface larger than the normal surface permitted by the apparatus specializing in such measurements. There are also corrosive environments in which the classic electrodes used are in danger of damage. Thus, in this article, a test in which the surface is investigated using speckle and the electrodes are all made from graphite, a material that is more resistant to chemical attacks, was imagined. The optical method used to investigate the surface alteration was speckle decorrelation, which has proved to be a sensitive indicator of corrosion. Because the decorrelation speed is obviously influenced by the corrosion rate, the main objective was to find out if there is a relationship between these two quantities in the frame of the speckle measurements. Using the electrochemical procedure of chronopotentiometry, it was found that the speckle decorrelation is sensitive not only to surface alteration due to corrosion but also to some reversible processes that occur in the electrolyte near the sample surface. In the first phase of the tests a solution of NaCl was used in order to have a reference environment known for the results obtained, followed in the next stage by more corrosive solutions that change the environment.
Targeted Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Gene Knock-Out in Retinal Ganglion Cells Improves Visual Function in Multiple Sclerosis Mouse Model
Authors: Talla Venu , Koilkonda Rajeshwari 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAxonal demyelination injury and neuronal degeneration are the primary causes of visual disability in multiple sclerosis (MS)-linked optic neuritis patients. Immunomodulatory therapies targeting inflammation have failed to avert the disease progression and no therapies exist to prevent the neuronal deficits seen in MS to date. Neuroprotective strategies targeting oligodendrocytes and astroglia have shown limited success due to a lack of axonal regeneration from injured neurons. In this study, we used the chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS to investigate the axonal regenerative approach to improve the neuronal function. Our approach focused on targeted knock-out (KO) of the developmentally regulated axon growth inhibitory Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) gene in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) ofKlf4fl/flmice by intravitreal delivery of AAV2-Cre-ires-EGFP recombinant virus (1) at the time of EAE sensitization and (2) after the onset of optic neuritis-mediated visual defects in the mice.Klf4gene KO performed simultaneous with EAE sensitization prevented the visual loss as assessed by pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) in the mice and protected the RGCs from EAE-mediated death. More importantly, however,Klf4gene KO after the onset of optic neuritis also resulted in RGC neuroprotection with additional restoration of their function, thereby improving the visual function outcomes in the EAE model. This study establishes the efficacy ofKlf4targeted knock-down in EAE even after the onset of disease symptoms, and thus should be further explored as a potential treatment strategy for MS/optic neuritis patients.
Continuous Albuterol With Benzalkonium in Children Hospitalized With Severe Asthma
Authors: Pertzborn Matthew C. , Prabhakaran Sreekala , Abu-Hasan Mutasim , Baker Dawn , Wu Samuel , Wu Yue , Hendeles Leslie 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The albuterol dropper bottle used to prepare solutions for continuous nebulization contains the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAC). BAC, by itself, has been shown to cause bronchospasm. We hypothesized that BAC would decrease the therapeutic efficacy of albuterol in patients with acute asthma exacerbations.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study comparing the clinical outcomes of patients &lt;18 years of age receiving continuous nebulized albuterol with and without BAC. For the primary end point (duration of continuous albuterol nebulization), we compared the 2 groups with Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival curves, conducted a log-rank test of difference, and adjusted for baseline characteristics using multivariable Cox regression. A P value &lt;.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:
A total of 477 patients were included in the analysis (236 exposed to BAC and 241 controls). The duration of continuous nebulization was significantly longer in the BAC group than in the control group (median of 9 vs 6 hours; 15.7% required continuous nebulization compared to 5.8% of controls at 24 hours). The control group was 79% more likely to stop continuous nebulization at any particular point in time (hazard ratio 1.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.45 to 2.22; P &lt; .001) and 43% more likely to stop additional respiratory support (hazard ratio 1.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.16 to 1.75; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
BAC is a functional albuterol antagonist associated with a longer duration of continuous albuterol nebulization treatment and additional respiratory support, suggesting that preservative-free albuterol formulations are safer for use in continuous nebulization.
Human coronavirus OC43 and other respiratory viruses from acute respiratory infections of Egyptian children
Authors: Naga Iman S. , Elsawaf Gamal Eldin , Elzalabany Mahmoud , Eltalkhawy Mohamed Youssef , Kader Ola 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRespiratory infections have a significant impact on health worldwide. Viruses are major causes of acute respiratory infections among children. Limited information regarding its prevalence in Egypt is available. This study investigated prevalence of 10 respiratory viruses; Adenovirus, influenza A, B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Parainfluenza virus (PIV)type 1-4, enterovirus, and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) among children in Alexandria, Egypt presenting with acute lower respiratory tract infections.The study was conducted on children <14 years of age selected from ElShatby Pediatric Hospital, Alexandria University, Egypt. One hundred children presenting during winter season with influenza-like illness were eligible for the study. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected and subjected to viral RNA and DNA extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction.Viral infections were detected in 44% of cases. Adenovirus was the most common, it was found in 19% of the patients. Prevalence of PIV (3 and 4) and enterovirus was 7% each. Prevalence of RSV and HCoV-OC43 was 5% and 3% respectively. Two percentage were Influenza A positive and 1% positive for influenza B. Mixed viral infection was observed in 7%.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of HCoV-OC43 from respiratory infections in Alexandria, Egypt.
A simplified in vitro model for investigation of the antimicrobial efficacy of various antiseptic agents to prevent peri-implantitis
Authors: Venkei Annamária , Eördegh Gabriella , Turzó Kinga , Urbán Edit , Ungvári Krisztina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe biofilm formation by oral bacteria on the implant surface is one of the most remarkable factors of peri-implant infections, which may eventually lead to bone resorption and loss of the dental implant. Therefore, the elimination of biofilm is an essential step for the successful therapy of implant-related infections. In this work we created a basicin vitromodel to evaluate the antibacterial effect of three widely used antiseptics.Commercially pure (CP4) titanium sample discs with sand blasted, acid etched, and polished surface were used. The discs were incubated with mono-cultures ofStreptococcus mitisandStreptococcus salivarius. The adhered bacterial biofilms were treated with different antiseptics: chlorhexidine-digluconate (CHX), povidone-iodine (PI), and chlorine dioxide (CD) for 5 min and the control discs with ultrapure water. The antibacterial effect of the antiseptics was tested by colorimetric assay.According to the results, the PI and the CD were statistically the most effective in the elimination of the two test bacteria on both titanium surfaces after 5 min treatment time. The CD showed significant effect only againstS. salivarius.Based on our results we conclude that PI and CD may be promising antibacterial agents to disinfecting the peri-implant site in the dental practice.
Model Toleransi dalam Eksegese Khotbah Areopagus
Authors: Mba Deni Alfian 
Published: March 2020

This article is a literature research on tolerance model through the exegesis of Areopagus sermon. Having known the exact model of tolerance, someone will be able to tolerate correctly. Given one source of intolerance is a misinterpretation of the teachings of the scriptures, this article invites the reader to examine the tolerance source from the interpretation of the Bible. This article focuses on two things: (1) the doctrine of a model of tolerance; and (2) the techniques of interpretation of Scripture in the Catholic religion exegetical analysis. For this purpose, the authors chose Areopagus sermon text mentioned in the book of Acts chapter 17 verse 22 to verse 34. By explaining the exegesis of those verses, this article aims to find a model precise tolerances. The text itself tells about the story of Paul’s sermon, a preacher of the early Christianity, brought before the Court Areopagus in Athens Greece. Based on the analysis of exegesis is known that the model of tolerance shown in this story is a model of tolerance active. Paul could communicate well with his audience coming from different social and cultural background. Apparently, he succeeded to deliver his ideas and teaching accurately by utilizing a good knowledge about the social and cultural situation of Athens.
[Artikel ini merupakan penelitian literatur pada model toleransi melalui penafsiran dari khotbah Areopagus. Setelah diketahui model toleransi yang tepat, seseorang akan mampu bertoleransi dengan cara yang benar. Mengingat salah satu sumber intoleransi adalah salah tafsir ajaran kitab suci, artikel ini mengajak pembaca untuk meneliti sumber toleransi dari penafsiran Alkitab. Artikel ini berfokus pada dua hal: (1) doktrin model toleransi; dan (2) teknik penafsiran kitab suci dalam tradisi Katolik, yakni analisis eksegese. Untuk tujuan ini, penulis memilih teks khotbah Areopagus yang terdapat dalam Kitab Kisah Para Rasul Pasal 17 ayat 22 sampai ayat 34. Dengan menjelaskan penafsiran ayat-ayat, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menemukan model toleransi yang tepat. Teks itu sendiri menceritakan tentang kisah khotbah Paulus, seorang pengkhotbah dari Kekristenan awal, yang dibawa ke Mahkamah Areopagus di Athena Yunani. Berdasarkan analisis eksegese diketahui bahwa model toleransi yang ditunjukkan dalam cerita ini adalah model toleransi aktif. Paulus bisa berkomunikasi dengan baik dengan para pendengarnya yang berasal dari latar belakang sosial dan budaya yang berbeda. Rupanya, ia berhasil menyampaikan ide-ide dan ajarannya secara akurat dengan memanfaatkan pengetahuan yang baik tentang situasi sosial dan budaya dari Athena
Teologi Kontekstual Pelaksanaan Jalan Hadat Perkawinan Dayak Ngaju di Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis (GKE)
Authors: Telhalia Telhalia 
Published: March 2020

The encounter between Christianity and Dayak culture since its inception has created a controversy. The main problem is the difficult to separate between religion and culture. The customs indeed have a close relationship with the religious structure of the Dayak people. Their live and mind follow the customs, traditions, and the provisions that have been inherited from their ancestors. Apparently, the Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis (GKE)/The Kalimantan Evangelical Church face this problem in dealing with the practice of marriage in the Ngaju Dayak culture. Some groups regard the cultural practice as a sin against the teachings of Christianity, while others consider that it is acceptable in the Christian faith. This article finds that contextual theology allows GKE accommodate Dayak customary practice in the context of the theology of Christianity. Wedding custom of Dayak people of Ngaju has rooted from their tradition but the meaning behind the process refers to the Christian values.
[Pertemuan antara Kristen dan Dayak budaya sejak awal telah menciptakan kontroversi. Masalah utama adalah sulitnya memisahkan antara agama dan budaya. Kebiasaan memang memiliki hubungan dekat dengan struktur keagamaan masyarakat Dayak. Mereka hidup dan pikiran mengikuti adat istiadat, tradisi, dan ketentuan yang telah diwarisi dari nenek moyang mereka. Rupanya, Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis (GKE) menghadapi masalah ini dalam menangani praktik pernikahan dalam budaya Dayak Ngaju. Beberapa kelompok menganggap praktik budaya sebagai dosa terhadap ajaran Kristen, sementara yang lain menganggap bahwa hal itu dapat diterima dalam iman Kristen. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa teologi kontekstual memungkinkan GKE mengakomodasi praktik adat Dayak dalam konteks teologi Kristen. Kebiasaan pernikahan orang Dayak Ngaju telah berakar dari tradisi mereka tetapi makna di balik proses mengacu pada nilai-nilai Kristen