bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanically robust and thermal stable polyurethane elastomers with self‐healing and recycling ability
Authors: Pan Tian , Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA series of supramolecular interaction‐based polyurethane elastomers (SPUEs) were synthesized from the reactions of hexamethylene diisocyanate‐functionalized 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidinone (UPy) derivatives and polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), followed by reactions with polyether amines. The tensile strength, elongation at break and toughness of the optimum SPUE system can reach 62 MPa, 693%, and 189 MJ·m−3, respectively. All SPUEs have much higher tensile strength and toughness than the reference materials while maintaining large elongation at break owing to the increased hydrogen (H)‐bonding sites and favorable crosslinked networks. SPUEs possess double glass transition temperatures and display good multi‐shape memory behaviors resulting from different soft and hard domains. SPUEs have nanophase‐separated structures, which endow them with excellent transparency within visible light wavelengths ranging from 500 to 800 nm. Owing to adequate H‐bonds, SPUEs exhibit stress relaxation, shape‐reconfigurability, and outstanding healing/recycling properties. The damaged SPUEs show high healing efficiency of 77–97% after heat treatment at 100°C for 12 h. The used SPUEs can be recycled multiple times by dissolving them in N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at ~110°C for 20–30 min, and the third recycled SPUEs can have high mechanical strength retention rate of up to 100%.Highlights
Elastomer was constructed through H‐bonds and favorable crosslinked networks.
The elastomer has high comprehensive mechanical properties.
The elastomer has extremely low and high glass transition temperatures.
The elastomer has a high self‐healing efficiency of ~97% after treatment at 100°C.
The elastomer can be recycled multiple times.
Implementation of the Oxygen Saturation Index as a Predictor of Outcome in Prenatally Diagnosed CDH Neonates in the First 24 Hours of Life
Authors: Hale Lennart , Leyens Judith , Bo Bartolomeo , Engel Clara , Berg Christoph , Schroeder Lukas , Mueller Andreas , Kipfmueller Florian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI) as a noninvasive measure for early postnatal management and outcome prediction in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Additionally, the study analyzed the correlation and predictive ability of OSI, Oxygenation Index (OI), Horovitz Index (HI), and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) regarding mortality and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).MethodsA retrospective, single‐center study using data from 2013 to 2020. Parameters for calculating indices were extracted from patient charts every hour during the first 24 h of life. Statistical analyses included ROC analysis for predictive cut‐off values and Spearman's rank for correlation assessments.ResultsThe study included 138 neonates. Postductal OSI demonstrated high sensitivity (80%–85%) and negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting mortality and ECMO need, with cut‐off values between 11.5 and 13. Optimal cut‐off values for predicting ECMO need were 10 at 12 and 24 h (sensitivity 96.7%). OSI, OI, HI, and PaO2 showed comparable predictive capabilities with strong correlations. The lowest OI of 18 predicted mortality with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 90.9%. Strong correlations were found between the lowest PaO2 and lowest HI (0.963–0.974), and between highest OI and lowest PaO2 (−0.922 to −0.945).ConclusionOSI is a promising index for predicting outcomes in CDH neonates, showing strong correlation with indices like OI and HI. Despite limitations, OSI provides continuous, bedside monitoring without invasive blood sampling. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and establish new cut‐off values.
Herbal Approaches to Diabetes Management: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Omics‐Driven Discoveries
Authors: Roy Debajyoti , Ghosh Maitrayee , Rangra Naresh Kumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia, resistance to insulin, and impaired function of the pancreatic β‐cells; it advances into more serious complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, and retinopathy; herbal medicine has indicated promise in not just mitigating the symptoms but also in managing the complications. This review would aim to evaluate the pharmacological aspect of the botanical therapies Anacardium occidentale, Allium sativum, Urtica dioica, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum, as well as their bioactive phytochemicals, quercetin, resveratrol, berberine, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In this review, we discuss their mechanisms for secreting the insulin sensitizers, carbohydrate‐hydrolyzing enzymes, reduction in oxidative stress and effectiveness against diabetic complications‐all through sensitivity to insulin. Great emphasis is laid on the integration of multi‐omics technologies such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics in the discovery of bioactive compounds. The nature of the technologies can evaluate the intrinsic complexities of herbal pharmacology and even identify therapeutic candidates. Finally, the review refers to the meagre clinical trials on the efficiency of these compounds in the metabolism of humans. High‐quality future research, such as human large‐scale trials, would be emphasized; improvement in the clinical validity of a drug might come from improved study design, better selection of potentially usable biomarkers, and enhanced safety profiles to guarantee efficacy with lessened risks.
Analysis of prevailing atmospheric conditions during wildfire events in the Indian Himalayan region
Authors: Prabhakaran Anandu , Srivastava Piyush 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWildfire incidents have seen an exponential rise in the past few decades in India, particularly over the Indian Himalayan region, which has led to a huge loss of life and property. To mitigate and manage the impact of wildfires, a better understanding of key physical atmospheric processes conducive to the spread of wildfires is required. This study aims to analyze the atmospheric conditions associated with the propagation of wildfires in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand (India). For this, wildfire burned‐area data from the Uttarakhand (India) State Forest Department, in‐situ precipitation information from the India Meteorological Department, India, and atmospheric variables (temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture) from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v5 and Global Land Data Assimilation System datasets over the years 2000–2022 have been critically analyzed to infer the cause of the unprecedented spread of wildfires in Uttarakhand. The analysis suggests that the strength of the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole phases along with the precipitation pattern in the pre‐fire season due to western disturbances are dominant factors associated with the spread of fires. Further, the bimodal distribution of the vapor pressure deficit, having a peak during the fire season and post‐monsoon period, indicates increased dryness of fuels and increased susceptibility of vegetation to wildfires. These findings could be utilized to mitigate and manage the impacts of wildfire in the vulnerable Himalayan state.
Stochastic thermodynamics for biological functions
Authors: Cao Yuansheng , Liang Shiling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLiving systems operate within physical constraints imposed by nonequilibrium thermodynamics. This review explores recent advancements in applying these principles to understand the fundamental limits of biological functions. We introduce the framework of stochastic thermodynamics and its recent developments, followed by its application to various biological systems. We emphasize the interconnectedness of kinetics and energetics within this framework, focusing on how network topology, kinetics, and energetics influence functions in thermodynamically consistent models. We discuss examples in the areas of molecular machine, error correction, biological sensing, and collective behaviors. This review aims to bridge physics and biology by fostering a quantitative understanding of biological functions.
Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Using Gum Arabic Polymer: Examining Their Photocatalytic Efficiency and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Mohandes Ali , Aghamaali Mahmoud Reza , Sabouri Zahra , Darroudi Majid 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 nanoparticles) were fabricated via a sol–gel method utilizing gum arabic polymer as a nontoxic reducing agent. To explore the characterization of the Co3O4 nanoparticles, different analyses were conducted. XRD outcome emphasized that the particle size of Co3O4 nanoparticles was between 36 nm and 42 nm, while the FESEM images showed that the Co3O4 nanoparticles were agglomerated due to their small size and spherical shape. Following these suitable characterization outcomes, the photocatalytic activity of Co3O4 nanoparticles was done on organic dye methylene blue (MB) decolorization under UVA light, and the outcomes were indicative of 92% degradation after 140 min. Over and above that, the cytotoxicity effects of Co3O4 nanoparticles were examined against the noncancer cells (L929) and HepG2 cells via MTT assay, and the IC50 amount for cancer cells was around 475 µg/mL.
Glycerol Modulated Collagen Fibril Evolution and Lamellar Organization for Biomimetic Corneal Substitutes Construction
Authors: Wu Kai , Li Gaowei , Gao Jiaze , Tian Yuan , Wei Dan , Wu Chengheng , Ding Jie , Zhu Jing , Luo Hongrong , Sun Jing , Ramakrishna Seeram , Fan Hongsong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCollagen as the main structural component of the cornea exhibits unique and highly organized fibril lamellae, which contribute to the maintenance of corneal structure and transparency. Nevertheless, collagen assembly in vitro to create ideal artificial corneal substitutes with human cornea comparable thickness and optics is still limited. Here, glycerol as a regulator can reconcile collagen thickness, transparency, and permeability, a conflicting goal by current keratoprosthesis strategies. Structure analysis reveals that glycerol treatment induces collagen hydrogels to undergo a sequential three‐step multiscale structural evolution: weakened collagen crystallization at the molecular level, followed by ordered and distanced microfibril packaging at the nanoscale, and ultimately lamellar structure as well as fibril diameter and spacing‐dependent optics at a macroscopic level. Such ultrastructure is then stabilized by oxazolidine crosslinking to obtain a collagen‐based artificial corneal substitute (Col‐Gly‐OX) with optimal integration of optical clarity, mechanical robustness, high permeability, manufacturability, easy preservation and in vitro biocompatibility. Further in vivo study demonstrates that Col‐Gly‐OX displays excellent tissue integration, epithelialization, and stromal remodeling in a rabbit lamellar keratectomy. Overall, this work illustrates the potential of glycerol regulator to mediate the multiscale structural organization of collagen, providing a green, simple and effective strategy for the development of bionic artificial cornea.
New Layered Chalcogenide‐Type Metal Sulfide Materials with Improved Properties for Solar Fuel Production Applications
Authors: Silva‐Gaspar Beatriz , Gonell Francisco , Martinez‐Franco Raquel , Fécant Antoine , Díaz Urbano , Corma Avelino 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNovel lamellar chalcogenide materials, named as ITQ‐75, are synthesized, focusing on the advancement and alteration of metal (tin and zinc) sulfide‐based microstructured materials. These are achieved via hydro(solvo)thermal processes in the presence of N‐heterocyclic aromatic structural directing agents. The comprehensive characterization of these materials included fine‐tuning their electronic structure through a metal doping strategy and enhancing their accessibility by modifying the synthesis gel composition. This modification involved altering the gel's viscosity or incorporating mesoporogen agents such as saccharide moieties. The most promisingly modified ITQ‐75‐type materials demonstrated optical band gap values of ≈2.0 eV, falling within the optimal range for efficient solar fuel production processes. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of these optimized lamellar chalcogenides is assessed using the water‐splitting reaction for hydrogen generation in the gas phase and without any sacrificial reagent. These new noble metal‐free materials are revealed to be among the most efficient to date (up to 7 µmolH2 h cm−2). The results confirm the potential of these materials as promising photocatalysts for solar fuel production applications.
Highly Dispersed Ag Nanocrystals Anchored on N‐Doped Holey Carbon Aerogel as High‐Mass‐Loading Electrode for Cl− Capture in Hybrid Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Kong Weiqing , Lu Xiaoyuan , Wang Yaobin , Tan Kaixin , Liu Chenmiao , Sun Jianpeng , Zhang Meng , Feng Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanostructured Faradaic materials show extraordinary promise for capacitive deionization (CDI) toward the relief of global freshwater scarcity. But at present, there exist at least two shortages for the development of CDI electrode materials. In laboratory studies, evaluating their desalination performance is usually based on low mass loadings (<1 mg cm−2), which is far behind the practical demand for fabricating high‐mass‐loading CDI electrodes or devices. On the other hand, high efficient, high active anode materials are rather scarce. Herein, highly dispersed Ag nanocrystals are synthesized on N‐doped holey carbon (Ag@NHC) for use as a high‐performance Cl−‐capture electrode at practical levels of mass loading. The Ag@NHC material is characteristic of ultrafine Ag nanocrystals with size of ≈7 nm anchored on carbon through Ag─N bonds, abundant 1–20 nm in‐plane pores in carbon sheets, and an ultrahigh specific surface area (1827.9 m2 g−1). This ensures Ag@NHC electrode (at 6.4 mg cm−2 mass loading) with excellent structural and property stabilities, >80% atom‐economic utilization of Ag, as well as superior Cl−‐capture performances. This work provides a general guideline on how to estimate the optimal mass loadings for constructing highly active CDI electrodes in the future.
Reconfiguration of Intrinsic Depletion‐Mode Characteristics of MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors to High‐Performance Enhancement‐Mode Operation Using an Argon Plasma‐Induced p‐Type Doping Technique
Authors: Rai Anand Kumar , Shah Asif A. , Dar Aadil Bashir , Kumar Jeevesh , Shrivastava Mayank 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe intrinsic n‐type behavior and unavailability of the appropriate p‐type doping method for MoS2 allows only n‐type conduction with depletion mode (D‐mode) characteristics and forbids the implementation of p‐type field‐effect transistors (FETs). The D‐mode characteristic results in a high off‐current (IOFF) at zero gate bias, which limits the usage of MoS2 FETs for industry‐scale (n‐channel metal‐oxide semiconductor) NMOS/(complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor) CMOS‐logic‐based applications due to significant power dissipation. Both these issues, i.e., i) missing technique for p‐type doping and ii) D‐mode operation are addressed here through the application of argon (Ar) plasma and subsequent O2 bath. Here, Ar plasma results in the physical removal of sulfur (S) atoms from the MoS2 surface, introducing sulfur vacancies, and the O2 bath results in the chemical bonding of O2 molecules with molybdenum (Mo) atoms at the introduced S vacancy sites. This leads to the formation of shallow acceptor states near the valance band (VB) of MoS2, resulting in p‐type doping and enhancement mode (E‐mode) characteristics of MoS2 FETs. Moreover, using Ar plasma results in the reduction of contact resistance (RC) of E‐mode MoS2 FETs and hence facilitates achieving high‐performance top‐gated E‐mode MoS2 FETs with IOFF (at zero gate bias) in tens of picoamperes and ION/IOFF in seven orders.
Smart Compositional Design of B‐Site Ordered Double Perovskite for Advanced Oxygen Catalysis at Ultra‐High Current Densities
Authors: Christy Maria , Kwon Jiseok , Subramanian Sathya Sheela , Choi Seunggun , Choi Junghyun , Kim Jung Ho , Paik Ungyu , Song Taeseup 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPerovskite oxides have been considered promising oxygen catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER), owing to structural and compositional flexibility, and tailorable properties. Ingenious B‐site ordered La1.5Sr0.5NiMn0.5Fe0.5O6 (LSNMF) double perovskite is strategically designed by simultaneously interposing Ni0.5Mn0.5 and Ni0.5Fe0.5 into B′ and B″ sites. Controlling B‐site cation systematically tailors the electronic structure of the B‐site cation with a d‐band center (Md) upshift close to the Fermi level, increasing the overlap of the Md center and O 2p center (OP). The strong interaction of Md and Op facilitates the adsorption of oxygen and activates the lattice oxygen to participate in the OER process, thereby enhancing the ORR and OER activity. For ORR, LSNMF exhibited an onset potential of 0.9 V along with a high limiting current of −8.05 mA cm−2. At the same time, for OER at 1 m KOH, LSNMF effectively reached a maximum current density of 3000 mA cm−2. Most importantly, the difference between EORR (at −1 mA cm−2) and EOER (at 10 mA cm−2), ΔE is 0.69 V, which stands among the best of recently reported perovskites. The as‐designed LSNMF is stable, efficient, lucrative, and a promising candidate for practical application.
Unlocking Innovation, Enabling Sustainability: A Policy Framework for System‐Wide Change
Authors: Ali Jamshed 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to provide comprehensive guidelines for effective and sustainable system‐wide transformation in innovation policies by considering emerging challenges and trends. For effective survival and growth in advanced technological environment and fast‐changing market environment, changes and innovation are integral for organizational structure. Our suggested framework explores the key challenges facing to contemporary innovation systems; these challenges are experimentation, demand assessment, directionality, coordination and learning. This also study considers the generic features of innovation systems like actor's capabilities and interest, network and proper institutional set‐up. These three generic features can translate experimentation, demand articulation, directionality, coordination and learning to quantifiable and make them policy analysis oriented. Our proposed framework advocates that organization innovation policy should consider actor, network and institution‐focused models. Otherwise, the transformational change will be overly abstract, a non‐actionable policy agenda, and unable to provide a complete picture of challenges at the operational level.
A spatial–functional analysis methodology of ultra‐thin free‐form shells
Authors: Vazquez Vitória , Tomé Ana , Vizotto Isaías 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs part of the “Pre‐Shell—Prefabricated Ultra‐Thin Concrete Shells” research project, this study questions the architectural dimensions and functional potential of an ultra‐thin shell structure, by applying space syntax methodology to assess its spatial–functional performance in a real‐context case study, the Fátima Sanctuary precinct. Through space‐functional analysis models, it was analyzed how the shell impacts the visual fields of the location, and consequently, the spatial movements of users. Specific space syntax models were applied for particular analysis objectives. Visibility graph analysis identified the more integrated and more segregated areas of the precinct, in visual terms; isovist fields provided insights into the visual fields in specific key points of the precinct; and axial maps identified the most accessible axes, in visual and physical terms, determine user movement patterns. This approach validated optimal layouts, contributing to enhanced performance in future deployments of similar structures.
Adaptation of antibiotics and antifungal strategy to preoperative biliary drainage to improve postoperative outcomes after pancreatic head resection
Authors: Giannone Fabio , Lagarrigue Charles , Ligurgo Oronzo , Jazaerli Lina , Mertes Paul Michel , Collange Olivier , Pessaux Patrick 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiliary contamination significantly correlates with major comorbidities during pancreatic head resection. Recently, a piperacillin‐tazobactam prophylaxis demonstrated a lower rate of infectious complications (IC) and postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in this population. However, bacterial contamination is rare in patients without a preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) and probably could not benefit from this antibiotic. Furthermore, little is known about the role of biliary fungal contamination.MethodAll retrospective cases undergoing pancreatic head resection with intraoperative biliary sample were included. Postoperative outcomes of patients with a piperacillin‐tazobactam‐based treatment were compared to cases in which a narrow‐spectrum antibiotic was administrated, stratified according to the use of a PBD. The same analysis was repeated for antifungal treatment administration.ResultsAmong the 205 cases included, PBD was necessary in 127 patients (62%). Broad‐spectrum treatment was associated with fewer overall and clinically relevant POPF (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004), overall morbidity (p = 0.044), and overall IC (p = 0.018), but only in the PBD group. Similarly, antifungal treatment was significantly associated with some specific IC only in the PBD group. At multivariable analysis, antifungal therapy in the whole cohort (p = 0.029) and the use of a piperacillin‐tazobactam (p = 0.007) treatment in patients with a PBD were independently associated with a reduced risk of a clinically relevant POPF.ConclusionsA broad‐spectrum antibiotic therapy reduces overall morbidity after pancreatic head resection, but only in cases with a history of PBD. Furthermore, the use of an antifungal prophylaxis or therapy should be further investigated in these patients because it may reduce the risk of some IC.
Artificial Intellience, Digital Transformation, and Education, as a Combined Contribution to Society
Authors: Burgos Daniel , Branch John Willian , Tlili Ahmed , Stracke Christian M. , de la Higuera Colin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis book combines technology and humanism, applied to education. It focuses on digital transformation, artificial intelligence and the intangible components that link the two, such as ethics and learning, in a transversal and, at the same time, sufficiently specific way, through use cases and concrete application examples. We should not forget that technological progress, however exponential it may be, it is still a support to human development, as a collective and as individuals. If it does not serve its purpose, as much as shining that it might look, it will be useless by nature. Through a large dozen of chapters from the five continents, this edition provides a multicultural, polyhedric vision with a diversity of topics that revolve around the main concerns mentioned above. We hope that reading the book will provide some recommendations or, at least, reflections on these very current matters, which will continue to be relevant in the years to come.