bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of giant pulses in PSR J1047−6709
Authors: Sun S N , Yan W M , Wang N 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the emission variations in PSR J1047−6709 observed at 1369 MHz using the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. This pulsar shows two distinct emission states: a weak state and a bright emission state. We detected giant pulses (GPs) in the bright state for the first time. We found 75 GPs with pulse width ranging from 0.6 to 2.6 ms. The energy of GPs follows a power-law distribution with the index α = −3.26 ± 0.22. The peak flux density of the brightest GP is 19 Jy which is 110 times stronger than the mean pulse profile. The polarization properties of the average profile of GPs are similar to that of the pulses with energy less than 10 times average pulse energy in the bright state. This indicates that the emission mechanism is basically the same for them. Our results provide a new insight into the origin of the GPs in pulsars.
Slow magnetoacoustic waves in gravitationally stratified two-fluid plasmas in strongly ionized limit
Authors: Alharbi A , Ballai I , Fedun V , Verth G 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The plasma dynamics at frequencies comparable with collisional frequency between various species has to be described in multifluid framework, where collisional interaction between particles is an important ingredient. In our study, we will assume that charged particles are strongly coupled, meaning that they form a single fluid that interacts with neutrals, therefore we will employ a two-fluid model. Here, we aim to investigate the evolutionary equation of slow sausage waves propagating in a gravitationally stratified flux tube in the two-fluid solar atmosphere in a strongly ionized limit using an initial value analysis. Due to the collisional interaction between massive particles (ions and neutrals), the governing equations are coupled. Solutions are sought in the strongly ionized limit and the density ratio between neutrals and charged particles is a small parameter. This limit is relevant to the upper part of the chromosphere. Our results show that slow sausage waves associated with charged particles propagate such that their possible frequency is affected by a cut-off due to the gravitational stratification. In contrast, for neutral acoustic waves the cut-off value applies on their wavelength and only small wavelength waves are able to propagate. Slow modes associated with neutrals are driven by the collisional coupling with ions.
Serendipitous discovery of a dusty disc around WDJ181417.84−735459.83
Authors: González Egea E , Raddi R , Koester D , Rogers L K , Marocco F , Cooper W J , Beamin J C , Burningham B , Day−Jones A , Forbrich J , Pinfield D J 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Spectroscopic observations of white dwarfs reveal that many of them are polluted by exoplanetary material, whose bulk composition can be uniquely probed this way. We present a spectroscopic and photometric analysis of the DA white dwarf WDJ181417.84−735459.83, an object originally identified to have a strong infrared (IR) excess in the 2MASS and WISE catalogues that we confirmed to be intrinsic to the white dwarf, and likely corresponding to the emission of a dusty disc around the star. The finding of Ca, Fe, and Mg absorption lines in two X-SHOOTER spectra of the white dwarf, taken 8 years apart, is further evidence of accretion from a dusty disc. We do not report variability in the absorption lines between these two spectra. Fitting a blackbody model to the IR excess gives a temperature of 910 ± 50 K. We have estimated a total accretion flux from the spectroscopic metal lines of $|\dot{\rm M}| = 1.784 \times 10^{9}\,$g s−1.
Relevance of angiogenesis in autoimmune testis inflammation
Authors: Gualdoni Gisela Soledad , Jacobo Patricia Verónica , Sobarzo Cristian Marcelo , Pérez Cecilia Valeria , Durand Luis Alberto Haro , Theas María Susana , Lustig Livia , Guazzone Vanesa Anabella 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a useful model to study organ-specific autoimmunity and chronic testicular inflammation. This model reflects testicular pathological changes reported in immunological infertility in men. Progression of EAO in rodents is associated with a significantly increased percentage of testicular endothelial cells and interstitial testicular blood vessels, indicating an ongoing angiogenic process. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), the main regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis, can stimulate endothelial cell proliferation, chemotaxis and vascular permeability. The aim of this study was to explore the role of VEGFA in the pathogenesis of testicular inflammation. Our results found VEGFA expression in Leydig cells, endothelial cells and macrophages in testis of rats with autoimmune orchitis. VEGFA level was significantly higher in testicular fluid and serum of rats at the end of the immunization period, preceding testicular damage. VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 1 is expressed mainly in testicular endothelial cells, whereas VEGFR2 was detected in germ cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Both receptors were expressed in testicular interstitial cells. VEGFR2 increased after the immunization period in the testicular interstitium and VEGFR1 was downregulated in EAO testis. In-vivo-specific VEGFA inhibition by Bevacizumab prevented the increase in blood vessel number and reduced EAO incidence and severity. Our results unveil relevance of VEGFA-VEGFR axis during orchitis development, suggesting that VEGFA might be an early marker of testicular inflammation and Bevacizumab a therapeutic tool for treatment of testicular inflammation associated with subfertility and infertility.
SUMOylation mediates CtIP’s functions in DNA end resection and replication fork protection
Authors: Locke Andrew J , Hossain Lazina , McCrostie Glynnis , Ronato Daryl A , Fitieh Amira , Rafique Tanzeem Ahmed , Mashayekhi Fatemeh , Motamedi Mobina , Masson Jean-Yves , Ismail Ismail Hassan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks are a significant threat to genomic stability that can lead to chromosomal rearrangements or cell death. The protein CtIP promotes DNA end resection, an early step in homologous recombination repair, and has been found to protect perturbed forks from excessive nucleolytic degradation. However, it remains unknown how CtIP’s function in fork protection is regulated. Here, we show that CtIP recruitment to sites of DNA damage and replication stress is impaired upon global inhibition of SUMOylation. We demonstrate that CtIP is a target for modification by SUMO-2 and that this occurs constitutively during S phase. The modification is dependent on the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases and the PI-3-kinase-related kinase ATR on CtIP’s carboxyl-terminal region, an interaction with the replication factor PCNA, and the E3 SUMO ligase PIAS4. We also identify residue K578 as a key residue that contributes to CtIP SUMOylation. Functionally, a CtIP mutant where K578 is substituted with a non-SUMOylatable arginine residue is defective in promoting DNA end resection, homologous recombination, and in protecting stalled replication forks from excessive nucleolytic degradation. Our results shed further light on the tightly coordinated regulation of CtIP by SUMOylation in the maintenance of genome stability.
Partition of tRNAGly isoacceptors between protein and cell-wall peptidoglycan synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rietmeyer Lauriane , Fix-Boulier Nicolas , Le Fournis Chloé , Iannazzo Laura , Kitoun Camelia , Patin Delphine , Mengin-Lecreulx Dominique , Ethève-Quelquejeu Mélanie , Arthur Michel , Fonvielle Matthieu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The sequence of tRNAs is submitted to evolutionary constraints imposed by their multiple interactions with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, translation elongation factor Tu in complex with GTP (EF-Tu•GTP), and the ribosome, each being essential for accurate and effective decoding of messenger RNAs. In Staphylococcus aureus, an additional constraint is imposed by the participation of tRNAGly isoacceptors in the addition of a pentaglycine side chain to cell-wall peptidoglycan precursors by transferases FmhB, FemA and FemB. Three tRNAGly isoacceptors poorly interacting with EF-Tu•GTP and the ribosome were previously identified. Here, we show that these ‘non-proteogenic’ tRNAs are preferentially recognized by FmhB based on kinetic analyses and on synthesis of stable aminoacyl-tRNA analogues acting as inhibitors. Synthesis of chimeric tRNAs and of helices mimicking the tRNA acceptor arms revealed that this discrimination involves identity determinants exclusively present in the D and T stems and loops of non-proteogenic tRNAs, which belong to an evolutionary lineage only present in the staphylococci. EF-Tu•GTP competitively inhibited FmhB by sequestration of ‘proteogenic’ aminoacyl-tRNAs in vitro. Together, these results indicate that competition for the Gly-tRNAGly pool is restricted by both limited recognition of non-proteogenic tRNAs by EF-Tu•GTP and limited recognition of proteogenic tRNAs by FmhB.
Modern Sexism in Modern Times Public Opinion in the #Metoo Era
Authors: Archer Allison M N , Kam Cindy D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Issues of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and gendered power imbalances have risen to prominence in the wake of the 2016 US presidential election and the rise of the #MeToo movement. This paper uses original panel and cross-sectional data to assess the degree to which levels of sexism have changed in response to current events, and finds very little change in levels of sexism from 2004 to 2018. The results also suggest that modern sexism significantly correlates with views undercutting the pervasiveness of sexual misconduct, purporting that #MeToo has gone too far, and opposing mandatory workplace harassment training, among other beliefs. Overall, the evidence suggests that modern sexism is firmly entrenched in the public mind and readily connected to public opinion in the wake of #MeToo.
Graviton loop contribution to Higgs potential in gauge–Higgs unification
Authors: Nishikawa Yasunari 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the two-loop finiteness of an effective potential for a Higgs boson that is the fifth component of a gauge field in a $U(1)$ gauge theory coupled to quantum gravity on the five-dimensional space-time $M^4\times S^1$. There are two types of diagrams including quantum gravitational corrections. We find that only one type of diagram contributes to the effective potential for the Higgs boson, and its magnitude is finite.
Connecting active and passive $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Floquet modulation models
Authors: Harter Andrew K , Joglekar Yogesh N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Open systems with gain, loss, or both, described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, have been a research frontier for the past decade. In particular, such Hamiltonians which possess parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry feature dynamically stable regimes of unbroken symmetry with completely real eigenspectra that are rendered into complex conjugate pairs as the strength of the non-Hermiticity increases. By subjecting a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric system to a periodic (Floquet) driving, the regime of dynamical stability can be dramatically affected, leading to a frequency-dependent threshold for the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry breaking transition. We present a simple model of a time-dependent $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Hamiltonian which smoothly connects the static case, a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Floquet case, and a neutral-$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric case. We analytically and numerically analyze the $\mathcal{PT}$ phase diagrams in each case, and show that slivers of $\mathcal{PT}$-broken ($\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric) phase extend deep into the nominally low (high) non-Hermiticity region.
Anti-CD74 IgA autoantibodies in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a longitudinal Swedish study
Authors: Do Lan , Granåsen Gabriel , Hellman Urban , Lejon Kristina , Geijer Mats , Baraliakos Xenofon , Witte Torsten , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Antibodies against anti-CD74 are related to axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The objectives were (i) to study IgA anti-CD74 in radiographic (r)-axSpA patients in the Backbone cohort and to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of anti-CD74, (ii) to study the fluctuation of IgA anti-CD74 levels in prospectively collected samples, and (iii) to explore the relation between IgA anti-CD74 and radiographic spinal changes.

Methods
IgA anti-CD74 was analysed by ELISA in 155 patients with r-axSpA and age- and sex-matched controls. BASDAI, ASDAS, BASFI and BASMI were assessed and spinal radiographs were scored for r-axSpA-related changes with mSASSS. Previously donated samples, before inclusion in the Backbone study, were identified in the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden.

Results
A total of 155 patients comprising 69% men and 31% women, age [mean (s.d.)] 55.5 (11.4) years and 152 (98.1%) HLA-B27 positive, were included. The plasma level of IgA anti-CD74 was significantly higher in the patients [median (interquartile range), 12.9 (7.9–17.9) U/ml] compared with controls [10.9 (7.2–14.6) U/ml, P = 0.003]. IgA anti-CD74 was above the cut-off level of 20 U/ml in 36/155 (23.2%) patients and in 15/151 (9.9%) controls (P = 0.002). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed ≥1 syndesmophyte associated with IgA anti-CD74 (odds ratio 5.64; 95% CI: 1.02, 35.58; P = 0.048) adjusted for hsCRP, smoking, BMI, sex and age. No distinct pattern of IgA anti-CD74 over time was revealed.

Conclusion
Plasma levels of IgA anti-CD74 were increased in r-axSpA and independently associated with radiographic spinal changes, which suggests that IgA anti-CD74 could play a role in the pathogenies of r-axSpA.
Towards a Medical Utopia: Medicine, Politics and Citizenship in Post-Unified Italy (1861–1910)
Authors: Turbil Cristiano 
Published: December 2020

Summary
In post-unified Italy, public health became a central concern for both politicians and medical doctors. The aim of this article is to look at the social and political roles played by hygiene in the post-unified Italian popular context, with a particular focus on the work of the scientist, politician and populariser Paolo Mantegazza (1831–1910). Mantegazza’s work offers an overview of how hygiene was popularised for the first generation of Italians using a variety of methods, including political and public talks, books and periodical articles but first and foremost, science fiction. The latter offers a possibility of exploring how medicine was considered a tool for a better future—a sort of political manifesto designed to both educate and galvanise Italians about the importance of health first for themselves but also the prosperity of the nation as a whole.
Secured transactions and patterns of legal change: the contribution of comparative law
Authors: Fiorentini Francesca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article analyses the many actors and initiatives that, in the last decades, have pursued the goal of worldwide harmonization of secured transaction laws, scrutinizing the achievements and the limits of these experiments. In light of such results, the article also outlines the methodological contribution that comparative law can offer to legal change in the sector of secured transactions law, by way of confronting positive law models with meta-legal elements such as culture, society, economy, law-making processes, and geopolitics.
A Subscapular Approach to the Dissection of the Human Brachial Plexus
Authors: Hager Shaun , Backus Timothy , Futterman Bennett , Solounias Nikos , Mihlbachler Matthew C 
Published: December 2020

Cadaver‐based human anatomy courses traditionally dissect the brachial plexus (BP) through the axilla. This approach fails to expose the proximal and posterior parts of the BP. In contrast, non‐human BP dissections use a subscapular approach that exposes the entire BP, from roots to branches. Using four human cadavers, we developed a subscapular approach modeled after a surgical method where the BP is accessed posteriorly. Medical students then used the posterior approach along with the traditional axillary approach during an anatomy class involving 42 cadavers. In all cases, students were able to expose the entire BP from roots to distal branches with minimal additional damage to surrounding structures. Students frequently exposed the origins of more proximal BP branches (e.g. long thoracic and suprascapular nerves) and mid‐proximal branches (e.g. subscapular nerves) not normally exposed during the axillary approach. The addition of the posterior approach did not increase the amount of classroom time needed to complete the dissection of the arm and shoulder. Inclusion of the posterior approach to BP dissection will provide anatomy students an improved opportunity to understand the anatomy of the BP.Grant Funding Source: N/A
Secondary Syphilis With Elastophagocytosis: An Unusual Histologic Finding
Authors: Henebeng Esther , Karasko Erich , Robinson-Bostom Leslie , DiMarco Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:Elastophagocytosis is a characteristic finding of granulomatous and elastolytic disorders. It is defined by phagocytosed elastic fibers within histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, or both. This finding has also been associated with certain medications, malignancies, inflammatory conditions, and infectious disorders. Although Drs Ragaz and Ackerman reported elastophagocytosis in a secondary syphilis lesion in a review of actinic granuloma in 1979, more recent publications have not recognized this finding. We present a case of elastophagocytosis within a lesion of secondary syphilis in a 65-year-old man. Biopsy from his left forearm demonstrated features of secondary syphilis including subtle vacuolar alteration with mild superficial and mid perivascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. There were interstitial giant cells with phagocytosed elastic fibers within the superficial dermis. Spirochete immunostain was positive with confirmatoryTreponema pallidumIgG antibody and RPR titer. In this report, we present a unique case of secondary syphilis.
Vertical Scrolling Axis of Corneal Endothelial Grafts for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Wacker Katrin , Fritz Marianne , Grewing Viviane , Maier Philip C. , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Heterogeneity in scrolling behavior of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts complicates DMEK surgery. This prospective observational study assessed scrolling axes of DMEK grafts relative to the donor's eye.

Methods:
The eye bank randomly marked the rim of corneoscleral donor buttons during trephination and recorded the position relative to the donor's axis. Surgeons were masked to the absolute position of the eye bank marking and recorded the scrolling axis relative to the eye bank marking and DMEK upside-down orientation. The scrolling axis was categorized as vertical (0 to 30 degrees and 150 to 180 degrees), oblique (>30 to 60 degrees and 120 to <150 degrees), and horizontal (>60 to <120 degrees). Scrolling patterns of corneas from the same donor were assessed.

Results:
Scrolling patterns of 202 donor corneas from 149 donors were determined. The donor graft scrolled predominantly vertically to the donor's cornea [75%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 68%–80%]. Horizontal axes (11%) and oblique axes (14%) were less common. The median deviation in scrolling axes after unfolding the grafts was 0 degrees from the original scrolling axis (interquartile range, 0–15), indicating that scrolling axes were stable. Fellow eyes of 46 donors had 3.55 times higher odds of a nonvertical scrolling pattern if the first eye had a nonvertical scrolling pattern (95% CI, 1.37–9.20), suggesting that donor factors influencing both eyes could contribute to scrolling patterns.

Conclusions:
DMEK grafts have a natural and stable scrolling tendency at vertical axis of donor's cornea. Anticipating scrolling axes might help improve preparation techniques for DMEK grafts and outcomes.
Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Children—A Population-Based Study From Norway
Authors: Thaulow Christian Magnus , Lindemann Paul Christoffer , Klingenberg Claus , Berild Dag , Salvesen Blix Hege , Myklebust Tor Åge , Harthug Stig 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To describe epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data of bacteria causing invasive infections in Norwegian children (0–18 years).

Methods:
Population-based observational study using prospectively collected AST data from the Norwegian Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance from 2013 to 2017. We included all clinically relevant bacterial isolates (blood and cerebrospinal fluid), and compared incidence of invasive infections and AST data in isolates from children and adults.

Results:
We included 1173 isolates from children and 44,561 isolates from adults. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 220/477 (46.2%, 95% CI: 41.6–50.7) of all isolates in schoolchildren (6–18 years). Compared with Streptococcus pneumonia isolates from adults (N = 2674), we observed higher nonsusceptibility rates to penicillin in isolates from children (N = 151), 11.9% versus 5.8%, P < 0.01; also higher resistance rates to erythromycin (11.3% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.01), clindamycin (9.3% vs. 3.6%, P < 0.001), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (17.9% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.001). Compared with Escherichia coli isolates in adults (N = 9073), we found lower rates of ESBL in isolates from children (N = 212), 2.4% versus 6.4%, P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
The study indicates the importance of microbiologic surveillance strategies in children and highlights the need for pediatric AST data. The high rates of nonsusceptibility to commonly used antibiotics among S. pneumoniae in children and the high burden of invasive S. aureus infections in schoolchildren calls for modifications of Norwegian guidelines.
Users' Concerns Related to Online HIV Counseling in South Korea: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Lee Han Ju , Kang Hee Sun , Singh-Carlson Savitri , Kim Kyung Sun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This qualitative descriptive study was designed to identify HIV-related questions frequently asked by online counseling users seeking professional advice. Data were collected via a public online question/answer counseling website operated by the Gyeonggi-do branch of the Korean Association for AIDS Prevention. Data on users' questions regarding HIV were collected between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018. The online questions were then analyzed and divided into codes and categories. From the 559 questions submitted, content analysis identified four major categories related to HIV: (a) HIV testing, (b) self-perceived HIV risk and risky sexual behaviors, (c) positive and negative emotional states, and (d) treatment and prevention. This study indicates that online counseling can be used to provide tailored information related to HIV along with emotional and psychosocial support to reach different subgroups and to provide current information such as the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis for those seeking professional advice.