bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between mean volume voided and incontinence in children with overactive bladder treated with solifenacin: post hoc analysis of a phase 3 randomised clinical trial
Authors: Snijder Robert , Bosman Brigitte , Stroosma Otto , Agema Marja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis post hoc Poisson regression analysis investigated the relationship between mean volume voided and incontinence episodes/24 h after fixed frequency adjustment in children with overactive bladder from the LION study, a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, sequential, dose-titration solifenacin trial. Patients were aged 5–< 12 years with ≥ 4 episodes of daytime incontinence during a 7-day pre-baseline diary period. The dependent variable was the mean number of incontinence episodes/24 h at the end of study. Explanatory variables included treatment, mean number of incontinence episodes/24 h at baseline, and change from baseline to end of study in mean volume voided. Statistical significance and goodness of fit were analysed using the Pearson’s chi-square test. A negative estimate was found between the dependent variable ‘incontinence’ and both mean volume voided and daytime maximum volume voided/micturition (an increase in mean volume voided or daytime maximum volume voided/micturition would lead to a reduction in incontinence; P = 0.0014 and P = 0.0317, respectively). The model was a good fit to the data in both analyses with a Pearson’s chi-square goodness-of-fit criteria of 0.8.Conclusion: Increase in mean volume voided was significantly correlated to reduction in incontinence episodes/24 h in children with overactive bladder treated with solifenacin.This study is registered atClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01565707.

What is known:• Mean volume voided per micturition is used as an indicator of treatment efficacy, with increases noted as number of incontinence episodes (and micturition frequency) decrease.• The relationship between mean volume voided and incontinence episodes is not clearly understood.What is new:• Increase in mean volume voided significantly correlated to reduction in incontinence in solifenacin-treated children with overactive bladder (Poisson regression model analysis).• Compared with placebo, solifenacin-treated children had a lower predicted number of incontinence episodes/24 h.
Free-ranging bats combine three different cognitive processes for roost localization
Authors: Hernández-Montero Jesús R. , Reusch Christine , Simon Ralph , Schöner Caroline Regina , Kerth Gerald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnimals have evolved different cognitive processes to localize crucial resources that are difficult to find. Relevant cognitive processes such as associative learning and spatial memory have commonly been studied in a foraging related context under controlled laboratory conditions. However, in natural environments, animals can use multiple cognitive processes to localize resources. In this field study, we used a pairwise choice experiment and automatic roost monitoring to assess how individually marked, free-ranging Bechstein’s bats belonging to two different colonies use associative learning, spatial memory and social information when localizing suitable day roosts. To our knowledge, this study tests for the first time how associative learning, spatial memory and social information are used in the process of roost localization in bats under the natural conditions. We show that, when searching for new roosts, bats used associative learning to discriminate between suitable and unsuitable roosts. For re-localizing previously occupied roosts, bats used spatial memory rather than associative learning. Moreover, bats significantly improved the localization of suitable unfamiliar roosts and tended to increase their accuracy to re-localize previously occupied day roosts using social information. Our field experiments suggest that Bechstein’s bats make hierarchical use of different cognitive processes when localizing day roosts. More generally, our study underlines that evaluating different cues under natural conditions is fundamental to understanding how natural selection has shaped the cognitive processes used for localizing resources.
Testing the construct validity of a soccer-specific virtual reality simulator using novice, academy, and professional soccer players
Authors: Wood G. , Wright D. J. , Harris D. , Pal A. , Franklin Z. C. , Vine S. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) provides the potential for immersive and engaging training solutions for improving sport performance. However, if VR training is to be adopted and used in an effective and evidence-based fashion, a more rigorous assessment of the validity of the simulation is required. Construct validity is the degree to which the simulation provides an accurate representation of core features of the task. In the context of sport, if the training drills in the VR environment are a true representation of the skills needed in the real world, then those that excel at the sport in the real world should also excel in the virtual one. In this experiment, we examined the construct validity of a soccer-specific VR simulator by recruiting professional, academy, and novice players. Seventeen participants in each group completed four VR soccer drills, and the VR software provided scores relating to performance and process (e.g., passing accuracy, composure, reaction time, and adaptability). Based on these scores, an algorithm gave a diagnostic score relating to the predicted ability of the player. Results showed that this VR platform successfully differentiated between participants of differing skill levels. These results provide some support for the construct validity of this VR simulator and suggest at least partial overlap between the perceptual-cognitive and motor skills needed to perform well across ‘real’ and virtual environments. Further work is needed to explore the validity and fidelity of the simulation before its adoption as a training device can be fully endorsed.
Technology for the People? Humanity as a Compass for the Digital Transformation
Authors: Franke Thomas , Zoubir Mourad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHow do we define what technology is for humans? One perspective suggests that it is a tool enabling the use of valuable resources such as time, food, health and mobility. One could say that in its cultural history, humanity has developed a wide range of artefacts which enable the effective utilisation of these resources for the fulfilment of physiological, but also psychological, needs. This paper explores how this perspective may be used as an orientation for future technological innovation. Hence, the goal is to provide an accessible discussion of such a psychological perspective on technology development that could pave the way towards a truly human-centred digital transformation.
Digitalisierung und die Zukunft der Arbeit
Authors: Arntz Melanie , Gregory Terry , Zierahn Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch eine rasant wachsende Rechenleistung können immer mehr Tätigkeiten, die bislang dem Menschen vorbehalten schienen, mittels Maschinen und Algorithmen automatisiert werden. Dieser technologische Wandel hat eine öffentliche Debatte über mögliche Arbeitsplatzverluste und eine drohende Massenarbeitslosigkeit entfacht. Solche Hiobsbotschaften sind aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht aus vier Gründen deutlich überzogen: Erstens werden die technologischen Potenziale zur Automatisierung von Jobs vielfach deutlich überschätzt. Zweitens wird noch lange nicht jedes Automatisierungspotenzial tatsächlich in der betrieblichen Praxis genutzt. Drittens verhindert eine sich immer wieder flexibel anpassende Arbeitsteilung zwischen Mensch und Maschine vielfach Arbeitsplatzverluste. Und viertens setzt Automatisierung Kompensationsmechanismen frei, die dem ursprünglichen Verdrängungseffekt entgegenwirken. Ein Ende der Arbeit ist daher trotz stetig wachsender technischer Möglichkeiten nicht in Sicht, auch wenn dieser tiefgreifende Strukturwandel Arbeitskräfte vor neue Herausforderungen stellt.
Ergot infection in winter rye hybrids shows differential contribution of male and female genotypes and environment
Authors: Kodisch Anna , Wilde Peer , Schmiedchen Brigitta , Fromme Franz-Joachim , Rodemann Bernd , Tratwal Anna , Oberforster Michael , Wieser Franz , Schiemann Andrea , Jørgensen Lise Nistrup , Miedaner Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContamination of ergot (Claviceps purpurea) in grains continues to be a problem in outcrossing plants like rye, especially in years of favorable infection (cold, rainy) conditions.
The problem is not the yield loss, but the contamination of the grains by toxic alkaloids leading to strict critical values within the European Union. This study was conducted to (1) partition the variation of genotype, inoculation treatments and environment for ergot infection of 12 winter rye genotypes, (2) the effect of varying proportions of a non-adapted restorer gene on ergot, and to (3) reveal within the genotype the relative importance of male pollen fertility and female receptivity on the ergot reaction of single crosses bearing different restorer genes. In total, 12 rye genotypes and two factorial crossing designs with each of five female and four male lines differing in their restorer genes were tested by artificial infection in up to 16 environments in four European countries. High and significant genotypic variation regarding the ergot severity and pollen-fertility restoration were observed. Furthermore significant general combining ability and specific combining ability variances and interactions with environment were obtained. The pollen-fertility restoration of the male had by far the highest importance for ergot severity, the female component, however, also revealed a significant effect. In conclusion, selecting for superior restoration ability is the most promising way on the short term, but there are also possibilities to improve the maternal site in future breeding programs.
On Rigid Minimal Spaces
Authors: Boroński Jan P. , Činč Jernej , Foryś-Krawiec Magdalena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA compact space X is said to be minimal if there exists a map $$f:X\rightarrow X$$

f
:
X
→
X

such that the forward orbit of any point is dense in X. We consider rigid minimal spaces, motivated by recent results of Downarowicz, Snoha and Tywoniuk (J Dyn Differ Equ, 29:243–257, 2017) on spaces with cyclic group of homeomorphisms generated by a minimal homeomorphism, and results of the first author, Clark and Oprocha (Adv Math, 335:261–275, 2018) on spaces in which the square of every homeomorphism is a power of the same minimal homeomorphism. We show that the two classes do not coincide, which gives rise to a new class of spaces that admit minimal homeomorphisms, but no minimal maps. We modify the latter class of examples to show for the first time existence of minimal spaces with degenerate homeomorphism groups. Finally, we give a method of constructing decomposable compact and connected spaces with cyclic group of homeomorphisms, generated by a minimal homeomorphism, answering a question in Downarowicz et al.
COVID-19
Authors: Schmitt Caroline 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungCOVID-19 stellt die Soziale Arbeit vor neue und alte Herausforderungen. Die Pandemie macht den Ausschluss marginalisierter Personengruppen und globale Ungleichheiten besonders sichtbar. Der Beitrag versteht die Corona-Pandemie als „Katastrophe“ und stellt erste Überlegungen dazu an, wie Soziale Arbeit ihren gesellschaftlichen Auftrag angesichts von COVID-19 ausgestalten und sich nachhaltig in der Katastrophenhilfe verankern kann.
The difference model of disability: A change in direction for vocational rehabilitation practice
Authors: Breen Jonathon S. , Forwell Susan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVocational rehabilitation provides guidance and support to individuals with disabilities entering the workforce. Employment plans include considerations of goals, the job market, and pre-existing or trainable skills on the part of job seekers. This process also includes an understanding of the social forces that affect employment goals. Current models of disability include the medical, social, and embodiment models. Each is cognitively based and assumes an element of responsibility or blame, that is, respectively, focused on the individual with a disability, the community, or a combination of these two factors. The difference model of disability offers an alternative understanding of disability by providing an affect-based framework that eliminates the premise of blame. This conceptualization of disability provides a new approach to vocational rehabilitation.
How peer support can assist job-seekers with a disability move into work
Authors: Dorstyn Diana , Murphy Gregory , Potter Elizabeth , Craig Ashley 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnecdotally, there are frequent reports that peer-facilitated initiatives can be successfully used in employment services. However, in Australia, there is little information about how to effectively deliver peer support. In this paper, we discuss how peer-based interventions might be used to supplement formal return-to-work services and contribute to positive job-seeking outcomes. We illustrate the potential of vocational peer support using a real situation involving a young adult who successfully returned to work soon after sustaining a traumatic injury. Future research should explore the inclusion of various peer support structures and formats as a component of other employment services, to help people with long-term conditions and disabilities achieve a range of vocational outcomes and to guide practice in this area.
Impact of work injury on early retirement among older Australian workers
Authors: Mok Irene 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA total of 274 Australian workers aged 45 years and above completed a Work, Retirement, and Health Survey. Results indicated that older workers with work injury have significantly lower expected retirement age compared to those without work injury. The results also indicated that this pattern is still apparent among intrinsically work motivated older workers with high score on self-reported work centrality. Older workers with work injury appear more vulnerable to premature retirement, which has significant negative social and economic consequences for workers, employers, and rehabilitation professionals. It also appears there is a complex relationship between ageing and work injury and the need for rehabilitation professionals to consider work injury prevention strategies for older workers.
Existence results for the Kudryashov–Sinelshchikov–Olver equation
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , di Ruvo Lorenzo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Kudryashov–Sinelshchikov–Olver equation describes pressure waves in liquids with gas bubbles taking into account heat transfer and viscosity. In this paper, we prove the existence of solutions of the Cauchy problem associated with this equation.
Maternal conjugated linoleic acid consumption prevented TAG alterations induced by a high-fat diet in male adult rat offspring
Authors: González Marcela Aída , Lavandera Jimena , Gerstner Carolina , Fariña Ana Clara , Saín Juliana , Bernal Claudio Adrián 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMaternal nutritional programming by a high-fat (HF) diet is related to hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in offspring. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might ameliorate impaired hepatic lipid homoeostasis; therefore, the aim was to investigate the potential preventive effect of maternal CLA consumption on TAG metabolism alterations induced by HF diets in adult male rat offspring receiving or not receiving CLA. Female Wistar rats were fed a control (C) diet, HF diet or HF diet supplemented with CLA (HF+CLA) for 4 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, for 9 weeks, male offspring of C or HF rats continued with the same diets as their mothers (C/C or HF/HF groups, respectively) and male offspring of HF+CLA rats were fed HF or HF+CLA diets (HF+CLA/HF or HF+CLA/HF+CLA groups, respectively). Nutritional parameters, serum and liver TAG levels, the TAG secretion rate (TAG-SR) and the activities as well as gene expression of key hepatic enzymes involved in TAG regulation were assessed. The most interesting results were that maternal CLA decreased epididymal white adipose tissue weight and prevented serum and liver TAG accumulation induced by a HF diet in adult male offspring receiving or not receiving CLA. The prevention of liver steatosis in HF+CLA/HF+CLA and HF+CLA/HF offspring was associated with an increased hepatic TAG-SR. Overall, this study provides evidence that maternal CLA consumption programmes TAG regulation and in this way contributes to lowering lipid levels in tissues and preventing liver steatosis in particular.
Self-reported food intake decreases over recording period in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Whybrow Stephen , Horgan Graham W. , Macdiarmid Jennie I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFrom 2008, the UK’s National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) changed the method of dietary data collection from a 7-d weighed diary to a 4-d unweighed diary, partly to reduce participant burden. This study aimed to test whether self-reported energy intake changed significantly over the 4-d recording period of the NDNS rolling programme. Analyses used data from the NDNS years 1 (2008/2009) to 8 (2015/2016) inclusive, from participants aged 13 years and older. Dietary records from participants who reported unusual amounts of food and drink consumed on one or more days were excluded, leaving 6932 participants. Mean daily energy intake was 7107 kJ (1698 kcal), and there was a significant decrease of 164 kJ (39 kcal) between days 1 and 4 (P < 0·001). There was no significant interaction of sex or low-energy reporter status (estimated from the ratio of reported energy intake:BMR) with the change in reported energy intake. The decrease in reported energy intake on day 4 compared with day 1 was greater (P < 0·019) for adults with higher BMI (>30 kg/m2) than it was for leaner adults. Reported energy intake decreased over the 4-d recording period of the NDNS rolling programme suggesting that participants change their diet more, or report less completely, with successive days of recording their diet. The size of the effect was relatively minor, however.
Physiological and yield response in maize in cohesive tropical soil is improved through the addition of gypsum and leguminous mulch
Authors: Moura E. G. , Hallett P. D. , Mooney S. J. , Silva F. R. , Macedo V. R. A. , Aguiar A. C. F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTropical soils tend to harden during drying due to the generally low content of free-iron and organic carbon, combined with high fine sand and silt proportions. It was hypothesized that the change in soil physical condition induced by the addition of a leguminous mulch in cohesive tropical soil enriched with calcium may mitigate soil hardening through wetting and drying cycles by rain or irrigation, thereby improving the soil rootability. A leguminous mulch was added in different concentrations to a structurally fragile tropical soil enriched with calcium, which then had different irrigation intervals. The treatments were with or without mulch (10 t/ha), with or without added nitrogen (100 kg/ha at 2 intervals) and two irrigation intervals. In 2015 the irrigation intervals were either 4 or 8 days, and in 2016 they were either 6 or 9 days. Two years were used in the attempt to achieve greater differences, as for tested variables, between treatments. Maize planted in these soil treatments was measured for physiological performance, water use efficiency and yield. Mulch used on structurally fragile tropical soil enriched with calcium was found to delay increased penetration resistance from hardening by wet/dry cycles. In this context, an improved soil rootability led to an enlargement of the leaf area index, greater nitrogen uptake and increased CO2 assimilation. This had important physiological consequences due to the positive effect on increased dry matter production and maize yield. In addition, these results suggested that mulch, used with urea, can delay the water supply for 3 or 4 days due to improvements in soil rootability caused by calcium and organic matter interactions. This may be crucial to a region where small intervals without rain are increasingly common due to global climate change. Therefore, due to a greater water use efficiency, this strategy may be a profitable way to increase crop productivity in tropical conditions rather than increasing water and nutrient application alone.
Improved performance of stellarator coil design optimization
Authors: Lobsien Jim-Felix , Drevlak Michael , Kruger Thomas , Lazerson Samuel , Zhu Caoxiang , Pedersen Thomas Sunn 
Published: April 2020

Following up on earlier work which demonstrated an improved numerical stellarator coil design optimization performance by the use of stochastic optimization (Lobsien et al., Nucl. Fusion, vol. 58 (10), 2018, 106013), it is demonstrated here that significant further improvements can be made – lower field errors and improved robustness – for a Wendelstein 7-X test case. This is done by increasing the sample size and applying fully three-dimensional perturbations, but most importantly, by changing the design sequence in which the optimization targets are applied: optimization for field error is conducted first, with coil shape penalties only added to the objective function at a later step in the design process. A robust, feasible coil configuration with a local maximum field error of 3.66 % and an average field error of 0.95 % is achieved here, as compared to a maximum local field error of 6.08 % and average field error of 1.56 % found in our earlier work. These new results are compared to those found without stochastic optimization using the FOCUS and ONSET suites. The relationship between local minima in the optimization space and coil shape penalties is also discussed.
Fractal biomarker of activity in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Knapen Stefan E. , Li Peng , Riemersma-van der Lek Rixt F. , Verkooijen Sanne , Boks Marco P. M. , Schoevers Robert A. , Scheer Frank A. J. L. , Hu Kun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe output of many healthy physiological systems displays fractal fluctuations with self-similar temporal structures. Altered fractal patterns are associated with pathological conditions. There is evidence that patients with bipolar disorder have altered daily behaviors.MethodsTo test whether fractal patterns in motor activity are altered in patients with bipolar disorder, we analyzed 2-week actigraphy data collected from 106 patients with bipolar disorder type I in a euthymic state, 73 unaffected siblings of patients, and 76 controls. To examine the link between fractal patterns and symptoms, we analyzed 180-day actigraphy and mood symptom data that were simultaneously collected from 14 patients.ResultsCompared to controls, patients showed excessive regularity in motor activity fluctuations at small time scales (<1.5 h) as quantified by a larger scaling exponent (α1 > 1), indicating a more rigid motor control system. α1 values of siblings were between those of patients and controls. Further examinations revealed that the group differences in α1 were only significant in females. Sex also affected the group differences in fractal patterns at larger time scales (>2 h) as quantified by scaling exponent α2. Specifically, female patients and siblings had a smaller α2 compared to female controls, indicating more random activity fluctuations; while male patients had a larger α2 compared to male controls. Interestingly, a higher weekly depression score was associated with a lower α1 in the subsequent week.ConclusionsOur results show sex- and scale-dependent alterations in fractal activity regulation in patients with bipolar disorder. The mechanisms underlying the alterations are yet to be determined.