bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric liver transplant following near catastrophic head bleed: Lessons learned
Authors: Cuenca Alex G. , Hardy Stephen , Shah Uzma , Lawlor David , Ordulu Zehra , Sierra Velez Desiree , Olshan Katherine , Butler William , Yeh Heidi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEvaluation for liver transplant candidacy is a multidisciplinary effort that involves all aspects of clinical care including social work, nutrition, and a multitude of medical specialties. The prognosis of a pretransplant clinical condition is integrated into the decision to list a patient. Herein, we report a successful liver transplant and recovery of a 3‐month‐old male following a large right hemispheric subdural hematoma related to acute coagulopathy secondary to undiagnosed end‐stage liver disease. On presentation with jaundice, lethargy, and unequal pupils, a CT scan was obtained which demonstrated a large right subdural hematoma with herniation. Once his coagulopathy was corrected, he went for decompressive craniectomy. He survived with medically controlled seizures and improving L‐sided neglect and extremity weakness. Six weeks later, given his continued neurologic recovery and worsening liver function, the decision was made to list him for liver transplantation. One month later, he underwent orthotopic liver transplant. His post‐operative hospital course was complicated by DVTs and heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia, but no neurologic decline, and he was eventually discharged from the hospital on post‐op day 26. Three years later, he has a well‐functioning allograft and no clinically evident neurologic deficits. The prognosis following pediatric neurologic trauma remains somewhat unclear as recovery and neurologic examinations can be influenced by numerous extrinsic factors. This is one of the first reports of near full neurologic recovery of a pediatric liver transplant recipient following a large subdural hematoma with herniation.
Feasibility and effectiveness of treatment strategy of tandem high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in combination with 131I‐MIBG therapy for high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Suh Jin Kyung , Koh Kyung‐Nam , Min So Yoon , Kim Young Sun , Kim Hyery , Im Ho Joon , Namgoong Jung‐Man , Kim Dae Yeon , Ahn Seung Do , Lee Jong Jin , Seo Jong Jin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of tandem HDCT/ASCT combined with targeted radiotherapy using 131I‐MIBG for high‐risk neuroblastoma. Patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma were treated with 8 to 10 cycles of induction chemotherapy before tandem HDCT/ASCT. Patients received 131I‐MIBG treatment before the second HDCT/ASCT. Local radiotherapy and maintenance therapy were performed after tandem HDCT/ASCT. Between 2012 and 2016, 19 patients were diagnosed with high‐risk neuroblastoma in our institution and 18 of them received tandem HDCT/ASCT combined with 131I‐MIBG therapy. For the first HDCT/ASCT regimen, 12 patients received busulfan/melphalan and six patients received melphalan/etoposide/carboplatin. The second HDCT included ThioCy. The median dose of 131I‐MIBG was 17.2 mCi/kg for the first eight patients, while 12 patients in the latter period of the study received reduced dose of 10.7 mCi/kg. The 5‐year OS and EFS rates were 79% and 61%, respectively, for all 19 patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma, and 83% and 64%, respectively, for 18 patients who completed tandem HDCT/ASCT combined with 131I‐MIBG therapy. Six patients experienced disease relapse and five patients died. Treatment‐related mortality was not observed. Among 15 evaluable patients, 11 patients (73%) developed hypothyroidism, six patients (40%) had CKD, and six patients (40%) had growth failure. Hypothyroidism and growth failure were less frequent in patients who received reduced doses of 131I‐MIBG therapy. Tandem HDCT/ASCT combined with HD 131I‐MIBG therapy could be feasible for patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma with acceptable toxicity profiles and favorable outcomes.
Sleep duration trajectories from age 3 to 48 months in The Pelotas (Brazil) 2004 Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Xavier Mariana Otero , Bielemann Renata Moraes , Carpena Marina Xavier , Barros Fernando C. , Matijasevich Alicia , Santos Iná S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundOptimal sleep is essential for child growth, development, and immune function. Few studies have evaluated factors associated with sleep duration in childhood from a longitudinal perspective.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify trajectories of sleep duration in childhood and associated maternal and child characteristics.MethodsSleep duration was assessed by maternal report at 3, 12, 24, and 48 months among children from the Pelotas (Brazil) 2004 Birth Cohort. Independent variables included family income, maternal and child demographics, and clinical characteristics. Trajectory analysis was carried out using a semi‐parametric, group‐based modelling approach. Multinomial logistic regression provided odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between independent variables and sleep duration trajectory groups.ResultsA total of 3824 participants were included in the analyses. Three trajectories of sleep duration were identified: “short sleepers” (9.1%), “typical sleepers” (72.1%), and “initially longer sleepers” (18.8%). When compared to typical sleepers, children from less schooled mothers (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.26, 2.62) and those whose mothers reported depressive symptoms during pregnancy (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02, 1.68) and consumed alcohol beverages at 3 months post‐partum (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.03, 2.50) were more likely to be short sleepers. Children who shared the bedroom with another child were about 40% (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07, 1.87) more likely to be short sleepers. None of the investigated maternal and child characteristics remained associated with the “initially longer sleeper” group.ConclusionsAmong the identified trajectories, the group with short sleep duration trajectory deserves special attention given the importance of adequate sleep duration in the first years of life for the child's growth and development and the high concomitance of other risk factors, such as less schooled mothers, and mothers who reported depressive symptoms during pregnancy and consumed alcohol at 3 months post‐partum.
Hormonal and metabolic profiles related to placental retention with emphasis on oxidative stress and serotonin receptors in pluriparous buffaloes
Authors: Elsayed Doaa H. , Abdelrazek Heba M. A. , El‐Azzazi Fakhri E. , Ismail Shimaa A. A. , Mahmoud Yasmina K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the hormonal and metabolic factors associated with placental retention in buffaloes with respect to the roles of oxidative stress biomarkers and serotonin receptors. Blood samples were collected at weeks 3, 2 and 1 pre‐partum and at calving from 37 buffaloes; thirty normally dropped their placentae (Non‐RFM group) and 7 dropped their placentae after 12 hr post‐calving (RFM group). Serum progesterone (P4), oestradiol, cortisol, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), antioxidant/oxidant biomarkers and mineral concentrations were assessed. Histopathology and histochemistry were implemented to detect collagen in foetal placental tissues. Immunohistochemistry for serotonin receptors in placental tissues was performed. Significant elevations in P4, cortisol, NEFA, BHBA and oxidative biomarkers concentrations were observed in the RFM group. However, oestradiol, antioxidants and mineral concentrations were significantly lower in RFM buffaloes than Non‐RFM group. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative changes and necrosis in retained placental tissue compared with that in normal placental tissues. Serotonin receptors were significantly expressed with collagen condensation in retained placental tissues. Furthermore, inferior reproductive performance was pronounced in the retained group. In conclusion, retained foetal membranes in buffaloes were associated with hormonal imbalance, metabolic perturbation, oxidative stress, serotonin receptor upregulation and markedly reduced fertility indices.
The Effect of Race and Gender on Attributions of Stalking
Authors: Duff Simon C. , Hay Jonathan , Kerry Jessica , Whittam Alyssa 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis study is concerned with examining the impact of the extralegal factors of race and gender in attributions of stalking and motivation in examples of heterosexual, low‐level stalking behavior.MethodsA 4 (race pairing of protagonist and target) × 2 (gender pairing of protagonist and target) between‐ participants design, using a vignette incorporating faces of the protagonist and target, asked participants to identify the extent to which they considered the behavior stalking, the motivation for that behavior, and provide responses to measures of racism and sexism.ResultsThe results identify that intraracial behavior is considered more like stalking than interracial behavior, that female‐to‐male behavior is considered more like stalking than male‐to‐female, and that gender and race do not impact on the attributed motivations for the behavior. Both racism and sexism do contribute to attributions of stalking.ConclusionThe influence of race on attributions of stalking mirrors that of findings in other areas of crime and is important in understanding decision making.
Green Crime Havens: A Spatial Cluster Analysis of Environmental Crime
Authors: Thomson Ryan , Espin Johanna , Samuels‐Jones Tameka 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe following study contributes to the bridging green criminology's quantitative research gap by analyzing the spatial distribution of environmental crimes throughout the United States. In doing so, we consider the possibility of green crime havens; areas with elevated health risks associated with dense concentrations of green criminal behavior.MethodsUsing data obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ECHO database, we conduct a spatial cluster analysis to identify counties bearing a disproportionate number of the Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act violations.ResultsFindings affirm the existence of numerous green crime havens with violations occurring both within and across different types of pollution cases.ConclusionsThe study concludes with a theoretical reflection of the treadmill of crime and corresponding series of policy recommendations.
Laser Surface Modification of Wire-Electric Discharge Machined Graphene Nanoparticle Reinforced SiC Composites
Authors: Singh Meinam Annebushan , Hanzel Ondrej , Singh Ramesh Kumar , Šajgalík Pavol , Marla Deepak 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Electrical discharge machining of conducting ceramics is often associated with high roughness and porosity, which hinders their application. This porosity-laden surface morphology necessitates a postprocessing technique to reduce the severity of the surface defects. Hence, this study focuses on the utilization of a nanosecond pulsed laser as a surface modification tool to minimize the debris and pores formed on the surface after the wire-electrical discharge machining process. This paper presents a study on the influence of laser parameters, viz., power, number of scans, scanning speed, and pulse repetition rate on the overall surface characteristics. The concentration of surface debris and pores were observed to significantly decrease with laser surface modification (LSM). The improvement in the surface characteristics after laser processing with low fluence was mainly attributed to melting, vaporization, and subsequent flow of molten material, which led to filling of the surface pores. This resulted in a more even surface postlaser surface modification. The surface roughness was observed to decrease by ∼49% after the laser processing at lower values of laser power, number of scans, and scanning speed and at higher values of pulse repetition rate. Furthermore, spatial, hybrid, and functional volume characteristics were observed to improve postlaser modification. However, at higher laser fluence, the processed surfaces were observed to get further worsened with the formation of deep ridges.
A C-Legged Monopedal Robot and Its Transition From Multiple Locomotion Modes
Authors: Bai Guochao , Thomaszewski Bernhard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper introduces a minimalistic design of a monopedal robot (monobot) with C-shaped legs which can achieve multiple locomotion modes (multi-mode) such as walking, leaping, as well as backward and forward flipping. The monobot contains an actuator, speed controller, 3D-printed base frame and legs, and battery set. The weight of the whole robot is less than 80 g. Dimensional parameters are optimized to simplify the design process and to identify effective factors for locomotion. Potential locomotion modes of the robot are analyzed by dynamics simulation. A simplified virtual prototype is tested within the multibody simulation software. An experimental platform of the monobot is also developed. The speed of the platform is adjusted to verify the correspondence between the actuator speed and locomotion mode as obtained by simulation. Potential applications of the multi-mode monobot include disaster rescue, planet exploration, and reconnaissance.
Stability Analysis of Arteries Under Torsion
Authors: Emuna Nir , Durban David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVascular tortuosity may impede blood flow, occlude the lumen, and ultimately lead to ischemia or even infarction. Mechanical loads like blood pressure, axial force, and also torsion are key factors participating in this complex mechanobiological process. The available studies on arterial torsion instability followed computational or experimental approaches, yet single available theoretical study had modeled the artery as isotropic linear elastic. This paper aim is to validate a theoretical model of arterial torsion instability against experimental data. The artery is modeled as a single-layered, nonlinear, hyperelastic, anisotropic solid, with parameters calibrated from experiment. Linear bifurcation analysis is then performed to predict experimentally measured stability margins. Uncertainties in geometrical parameters and in measured mechanical response were considered. Also, the type of rate (incremental) boundary conditions (RBCs) impact on the results was examined (e.g., dead load, fluid pressure). The predicted critical torque and twist angle followed the experimentally measured trends. The closest prediction errors in the critical torque and twist rate were 22% and 67%, respectively. Using the different RBCs incurred differences of up to 50% difference within the model predictions. The present results suggest that the model may require further improvements. However, it offers an approach that can be used to predict allowable twist levels in surgical procedures (like anastomosis and grafting) and in the design of stents for arteries subjected to high torsion levels (like the femoropopliteal arteries). It may also be instructive in understanding biomechanical processes like arterial tortuosity, kinking, and coiling.
Formulation of Bearing Friction Torque in Threaded Joints With Nonflat Contact
Authors: Gerini Romagnoli Marco , Nassar Sayed A. , Lee Joon Ha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A novel experimentally validated formulation is provided for the bearing friction torque component in threaded joints with spherical and conical contact geometry, by extending two-dimensional Motosh model for various scenarios of contact pressure. Data for the corresponding effective bearing friction radius is generated, using constant or sliding speed-dependent friction coefficient models. Generated bearing friction radius data are used in Motosh model for torque–tension test data to obtain the bearing friction coefficient, which is found to be reasonably comparable to published bearing friction data.
A Hybrid Decision-Making Method for the Selection of a Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Gaddala Uma Maheswararao , Devanuri Jaya Krishna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) are considered to be promising contenders for thermal energy storage (TES) due to their high latent heat and nearly constant temperature during the intake/release of heat. The present study focuses on providing the most suitable PCM for low-temperature (40–80 °C) heat storage applications. However, the selection of the most suitable one from the wide range of PCMs for an application needs a thorough insight of their thermophysical properties, thermal stability, compatibility, and melting and solidification behavior. Among the PCMs available for low-temperature heat storage applications, organic PCMs stand as an attractive option. Based on melting point temperature, latent heat, cost, and ease of availability, five widely used organic PCMs, viz., lauric acid (LA), myristic acid (MA), stearic acid (SA), paraffin wax (PW), and palmitic acid (PA), are selected. Initially, thermophysical properties are measured and tabulated. Subsequently, thermal stability experiments up to 1500 melting/freezing cycles, compatibility studies with container materials (aluminum and stainless steel (SS)), and melting and solidification experiments giving total melting and solidification times are performed. Further, a hybrid multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) method is employed to select the best PCM based on the obtained experimental results. During the selection process at first, the subjective weights of the attributes are measured according to the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Later, the PCMs are ranked based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The hybrid MADM results show that among the selected PCMs, paraffin wax is the optimal PCM for low-temperature heat storage applications.
Numerical Investigation on Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of a Confined Circular Cylinder With Slit
Authors: Jadon Liladharsingh , Arumuru Venugopal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Heat transfer and flow characteristics of channel-bounded circular cylinder with a slit vent parallel to the flow direction are numerically investigated using openfoam. The interesting feature of this configuration is the formation of the separation bubble behind the cylinder, which significantly alters the near wake characteristics. In this study, the emphasis is given to understand the effect of the slit on forced convection from the cylinder. Simulations were performed by varying the slit width from 0 to 0.25 (in steps of 0.05) for the range of Reynolds number (Re) 60–240. Re is defined based on the diameter of the cylinder (d) and centerline velocity (Uc) at the inlet of the channel. The influence of s/d and Re on the separation bubble, aerodynamic forces, and heat transfer characteristics are studied in detail. Results demonstrate that the slit can manipulate the flow to mitigate adverse effects of vortex shedding and thus can be used as a passive flow control technique. It was observed that the inclusion of the slit in the cylinder delays the onset of vortex shedding, and it also reduces the fluctuations in aerodynamic forces up to 99%. Compared with the solid cylinder, around 38% increase in vortex shedding frequency, a 16% reduction in drag, and a 10% increase in average Nusselt number is observed when the slit width is 0.25d. It was found that the introduction of slit vent in the cylinder not only enhances the heat transfer along with the reduction in expenditure of pressure loss across the cylinder but also suppresses the fluctuations in aerodynamic forces, which causes vortex-induced vibrations and thus improves structural stability and integrity.
Numerical Investigation of Charging and Discharging Processes of a Shell and Tube Nano-Enhanced Latent Thermal Storage Unit
Authors: Nedjem Khaoula , Teggar Mohamed , Ismail Kamal Adbel Radi , Nehari Driss 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) generally suffer from low thermal conductivity which limits their application in thermal systems. The effective thermal conductivity may be improved by including fins, metallic powders, fine wires, and nanoparticles. The objective of this study is to investigate the thermal performance of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) dispersed in small quantities in 1-tetradecanol (C14H30O) PCM. This nano-enhanced PCM (NPCM) is placed in the annular space of a shell and tube in a solar thermal storage unit. The numerical simulations have been carried out using a numerical model based on the enthalpy-porosity and the control volume methods. The numerical model has been successfully validated by comparison with experimental data available in the literature. The numerical results showed that the higher the GNPs concentration, the lower the stored energy. The higher the GNPs concentration the shorter the discharging time. But, during the charging process, though the reduction in the melting time by 9.5% for GNPs concentration increase from 0 to 1 wt%, the melting time increased in contrast by 10.5% for GNPs content increasing from 1 to 3 wt%. For the GNPs concentration of 3 wt%, the heat transfer rate enhancement was limited by an undesirable increase in viscosity which led to weak natural convection and hence a longer charging time. Thus, the GNPs concentration of 1 wt% showed better thermal performance than that of 3 wt% concentration. These results may guide the improvement of solar thermal storage by dispersing GNPs in PCM.
Teaching Design Freedom: Understanding the Effects of Variations in Design for Additive Manufacturing Education on Students’ Creativity
Authors: Prabhu Rohan , Miller Scarlett R. , Simpson Timothy W. , Meisel Nicholas A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes offer unique capabilities (i.e., opportunities) yet inherent limitations (i.e., restrictions) due to the layer-by-layer fabrication of parts. Despite the newfound design freedom and increased use of AM, limited research has investigated how knowledge of the AM processes affects the creativity of students’ ideas after being exposed to AM. This study investigates this gap through an experimental study with 343 participants recruited from a junior-level mechanical engineering design course. The participants were exposed to three variations in design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) education: (1) no DfAM, (2) restrictive DfAM, and (3) opportunistic and restrictive (dual) DfAM education. The effects of these three interventions were measured through differences in (1) participants’ self-reported use of DfAM in a design challenge and (2) expert assessment of the creativity of the outcomes from the said design challenge. The results of the study indicated that variations in DfAM content did not result in differences in the participants’ self-reported use of either opportunistic or restrictive DfAM, with all three groups reporting similar levels of emphasis. Further, participants from all three groups reported higher use of restrictive DfAM techniques, compared with opportunistic DfAM. Moreover, while variations in the content had no effect on the creativity (uniqueness and usefulness) of the participants’ design outcomes, teaching both opportunistic and restrictive DfAM did result in the generation of designs with greater AM technical goodness—a novel and significant finding in our study. The results of this study highlight the need for DfAM educational interventions that encourage students to not only learn about but also integrate both opportunistic and restrictive concepts effectively into their creative design process. This would result in the generation of innovative products that leverage the design freedom enabled by AM, yet addressing the limitations inherent in the process.