bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blacksound
Authors: Morrison Matthew D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter considers the relationship between philosophy, music, and race through a theory of Blacksound. Blacksound is the sonic and embodied legacy of blackface performance as the origin of popular music, entertainment, and culture in the United States. As a hermeneutic tool, Blacksound is an epistemology designed to historicize and redress how we conceive the formation of race and property laws throughout the nineteenth century via aesthetics. In particular, this tool analyses the construction, consumption, and erasure of black people and blackness out of blackface minstrelsy—the first original form of popular entertainment in North America. Blacksound is an open concept that challenges fixed notions of intellectual property by pointing to the role that the performance of race and the making of racism in popular music plays in copyright laws that have developed throughout the nineteenth century.
An update on Heck’s disease—a systematic review
Authors: Sethi Sneha , Ali Anna , Ju Xiangqun , Antonsson Annika , Logan Richard , Jamieson Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Previous research has suggested an ethnic association of Heck’s disease with a prominent genetic and familial inheritance pattern, but no systematic review has been reported, which has collected all the evidence in one paper. The aim was estimation of the updated age estimates and gender predilection of this disease and also questioning its proposed link to ethnic and geographical factors.

Methods
Heck’s disease from 1966 until present are tabulated, including various descriptive characteristics. After removal of duplicates and adhering to all the inclusion criteria, we shortlisted 95 case reports. The quality assessment of all included studies has been done following STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines.

Results
We found an age range of 3–92 years (mean: 23.1 years) with a male to female ratio of 3:4. Geographical distribution revealed one of the main findings of this study, which was an increased incidence of Heck’s disease in the European region.

Conclusions
As already observed and established, there is a much greater prevalence of this disease in the indigenous populations of the world and more research should be encouraged to understand the correct transmission and pattern of spread of this disease.
EVALUATION OF THE RADIATION EXPOSURE IN SEQUENTIAL HEAD TOMOGRAPHIC EXAMS OF PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY
Authors: Tacara Silvio , Faria Rubens Alexandre , Coninck José Carlos Pereira , de Oliveira Salvador Gabriel Lucca , Schelin Hugo Reuters , Nakano Irene Tomoko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrain trauma patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy make several computed tomography (CT) scans until cranioplasty. Despite several recommendations to avoid unnecessary radiological exposure, few studies systematically analyzed the technical parameters employed. CT exams of 14 patients were retrospectively analyzed to find display field of view (DFOV), dose length product (DLP), volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and effective dose (ED). The values obtained were: 120 kVp [95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.5], 297 mA (95% CI of 5.6), scan range 20.8 cm (95% CI of 1.3), DFOV 24.5 cm (95% CI of 1.6), CTDIvol 67.5 mGy (95% CI of 10.17), DLP 1404.8 mGy.cm (95% CI of 235.0) and ED 2.9 mSv (95% CI of 0.5). In conclusion, these values were above the recommendations of several guidelines and raise concern for excessive radiological exposure in trauma patients despite being previously reported in the literature.
Mortality of Older Patients Admitted to an ICU: A Systematic Review*
Authors: Vallet Helene , Schwarz Gabriele Leonie , Flaatten Hans , de Lange Dylan W. , Guidet Bertrand , Dechartres Agnes 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
To conduct a systematic review of mortality and factors independently associated with mortality in older patients admitted to ICU.

Data Sources:
MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and references of included studies.

Study Selection:
Two reviewers independently selected studies conducted after 2000 evaluating mortality of older patients (≥ 75 yr old) admitted to ICU.

Data Extraction:
General characteristics, mortality rate, and factors independently associated with mortality were extracted independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were solved by discussion within the study team.

Data Synthesis:
Because of expected heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was performed. We selected 129 studies (median year of publication, 2015; interquartile range, 2012–2017) including 17 based on a national registry. Most were conducted in Europe and North America. The median number of included patients was 278 (interquartile range, 124–1,068). ICU and in-hospital mortality were most frequently reported with considerable heterogeneity observed across studies that was not explained by study design or location. ICU mortality ranged from 1% to 51%, in-hospital mortality from 10% to 76%, 6-month mortality from 21% to 58%, and 1-year mortality from 33% to 72%. Factors addressed in multivariate analyses were also heterogeneous across studies. Severity score, diagnosis at admission, and use of mechanical ventilation were the independent factors most frequently associated with ICU mortality, whereas age, comorbidities, functional status, and severity score at admission were the independent factors most frequently associated with 3– 6 and 12 months mortality.

Conclusions:
In this systematic review of older patients admitted to intensive care, we have documented substantial variation in short- and long-term mortality as well as in prognostic factors evaluated. To better understand this variation, we need consistent, high-quality data on pre-ICU conditions, ICU physiology and treatments, structure and system factors, and post-ICU trajectories. These data could inform geriatric care bundles as well as a core data set of prognostic factors to inform patient-centered decision-making.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, subjective, and thermal stress responses in midlife women with vasomotor symptoms
Authors: Nathan Margo D. , Wiley Aleta , Mahon Pamela B. , Camuso Julie , Sullivan Kathryn , McCormick Kathleen , Srivastava Akanksha , Albert Kim , Newhouse Paul , Joffe Hadine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Dysregulated responses to experimental stress paradigms may indicate exposure to chronic stress. Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are linked with diminished quality of life and psychological stress, but induced stress responsivity has received limited investigation. We examined whether women with and without VMS differ in their evoked hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, subjective, hemodynamic, and thermal stress responses.

Methods:
A total of 37 midlife women (27 VMS+; 10 VMS–) completed 2 experimental stress paradigms: (1) Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST; computerized social-evaluative stressor) and (2) Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST; thermal stress task). Responses on a five-domain (range 0-50) Visual Analog Scale, salivary cortisol (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), and hemodynamic indices (blood pressure, heart rate) were measured before and after each task to compare within-person change between groups. Thermal sensitivity was assessed on the QST.

Results:
On the MIST, the VMS+ group showed a smaller cortisol release (0.01 vs 0.07 μg/dL; P = 0.046; corresponding to 54% vs 83% increases), and subjective stress response (21.2- vs 31.1-point Visual Analog Scale increase, P = 0.05; corresponding to 2427% vs 2863% increases) but no hemodynamic difference, compared to the VMS– group. The QST did not provoke stress responses via cortisol release or subjective report, but the VMS+ group tended to perceive heat at a higher temperature (38.5°C vs 36.4°C, P = 0.08).

Conclusions:
Women with VMS exhibited both diminished cortisol and subjective stress responses to the MIST, and reduced thermal sensitivity on QST compared to women without VMS. Dysregulated stress responsivity provides preliminary evidence suggesting that VMS may represent a chronic stress condition.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF LATE-ONSET RETINAL DEGENERATION
Authors: Vanderford Elliott K. , De Silva Tharindu , Noriega Dominique , Arango Mike , Cunningham Denise , Cukras Catherine A. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To quantitatively analyze clinically relevant features on longitudinal multimodal imaging of late-onset retinal degeneration to characterize disease progression.

Methods:
Fundus autofluorescence (FAF), infrared reflectance, and optical coherence tomography imaging of 4 patients with late-onset retinal degeneration were acquired over 3 to 15 years (20 visits total). Corresponding regions of interest were analyzed on FAF (reticular pseudodrusen [RPD], “speckled FAF,” and chorioretinal atrophy) and infrared reflectance (hyporeflective RPD and target RPD) using quantitative measurements, including contour area, distance to fovea, contour overlap, retinal thickness, and texture features.

Results:
Cross-sectional analysis revealed a moderate correlation (RPD FAF ∩ RPD infrared reflectance = 63%) between contour area across modalities. Quantification of retinal thickness and texture analysis of areas contoured on FAF objectively differentiated the contour types. A longitudinal analysis of aligned images demonstrates that the contoured region of atrophy both encroaches toward the fovea and grows monotonically with a rate of 0.531 mm/year to 1.969 mm/year (square root of area, n = 5 eyes). A retrospective analysis of precursor lesions of atrophy reveals quantifiable progression from RPD to speckled FAF to atrophy.

Conclusion:
Image analysis of time points before the development of atrophy reveals consistent patterns over time and space in late-onset retinal degeneration that may provide useful outcomes for this and other degenerative retinal diseases.
The association of transporter ABCC2 (MRP2) genetic variation and drug-induced hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Huang Yi-Shin , Chang Tien-En , Perng Chin-Lin , Huang Yi-Hsiang 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Hyperbilirubinemia is a predictor of severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Hepatobiliary ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an important role in the transportation of many drugs and bilirubin; however, little is known about these transporters and the risk of DILI. The aim of this study was to explore associations between genetic variations in important ABC transporters and susceptibility to DILI, with a particular focus on hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods:
A total of 200 patients with DILI and 200 healthy controls were enrolled as the training dataset. Another 106 patients with DILI were recruited as the validation dataset. They were genotyped for ABCB11 (BSEP) rs2287622, ABCB1 (MDR1) rs1128503, rs1045642, ABCB4 (MDR3) rs2230028, ABCC2 (MRP2) rs1885301, rs717620, rs2273697, rs3740066 and rs8187710 using polymerase chain reaction–based TaqMan genotyping assays.

Results:
There were no statistical differences in any of the nine ABC transporter single nucleotide polymorphisms between the DILI and control groups. However, in the DILI group, the patients with hyperbilirubinemia had a higher frequency of the ABCC2 rs717620 C/T and T/T genotypes than those without hyperbilirubinemia (44.2% vs 20.2%, p = 0.001). After adjusting for other confounding factors, the ABCC2 rs717620 T variant was still associated with an increased risk of hyperbilirubinemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73-8.48, p = 0.001). This association was confirmed by the validation dataset (adjusted OR: 3.92, 95% CI: 1.42-10.81, p = 0.015). We also found that the mortality group had higher frequencies of the ABCC2 (MRP2) rs717620 C/T and T/T genotypes than the survival group (50.0% vs 27.9%, p = 0.048).

Conclusion:
Carriage of the ABCC2 (MRP2) rs717620 T variant may increase the risk of hyperbilirubinemia and mortality in patients with DILI. Screening for this variant may help to prevent and mitigate drug-induced hyperbilirubinemia.
Proton pump inhibitor therapy is associated with reduced survival following first-time transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sturm Lukas , Muller Laura , Schultheiss Michael , Binder Benedikt , Huber Jan Patrick , Thimme Robert , Bettinger Dominik 
Published: December 2020

Background and aims
Several studies have reported associations of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment with the incidence of complications and even increased mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. Up to now, there are no studies on the impact of PPI treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the prognostic effects of PPI treatment in a cohort of patients with HCC treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)

Methods
Three hundred fifty-eight patients with HCC that received first-time TACE were included in a retrospective analysis. We explored effects of PPI treatment using uni- and multivariable regression models.

Results
One hundred sixty-seven of the 358 patients (46.6%) received PPI treatment. Median transplant-free survival after TACE was significantly lower in patients treated with PPIs compared to patients without PPI treatment [16.0 (10.7–21.3) months vs. 26 (22.2–29.8) months, P = 0.006]. Importantly, PPI treatment remained a significant prognostic factor for reduced survival after adjustment for patient demographics, tumor stadium and liver function [hazard ratio (HR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.78, P = 0.005]. We observed a dose-dependent association of PPI treatment with survival: A higher daily PPI dose was an independent prognostic factor for reduced survival (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.14-1.54, P < 0.001). Notably, 58.1% of patients receiving PPIs had no clear indication therefor.

Conclusion
PPI treatment is associated with reduced survival in patients with HCC in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, indication for PPI treatment should be evaluated attentively in these patients. Further, prospective studies are needed to validate the findings of this study.
Intense Hypermetabolic Tumefactive Demyelination on 18F-FDG PET and MRI Related to Multiple Sclerosis Relapse After Fingolimod Suspension
Authors: Pimentel Gabriela Almeida , Coutinho Artur Martins , de Souza Godoy Luis Filipe , de Lima Luiz Guilherme Cernaglia A. , de Andrade Daniel Ciampi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A 57-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis presented with a 5-day history of progressive headache and confusion, followed by left hemiparesis. The patient had stopped her previous fingolimod usage during the last 8 weeks. Brain MRI and 18F-FDG PET showed a subcortical tumefactive lesion with an intense peripheric rim of hypermetabolism and central hypometabolism, with central hyperintensity, thin isointense rim, and peripheral finger-like “tentacles” of edema with an irregular and thick border enhancement on postcontrast T2-weighted MRI. Brain biopsy showed features suggestive of relapsing MS. The patient improved after methylprednisone and plasma exchange.
Comprehensive quantitative proteome analysis ofAedes aegyptiidentifies proteins and pathways involved inWolbachia pipientisand Zika virus interference phenomenon
Authors: Martins Michele , Ramos Luis Felipe Costa , Murillo Jimmy Rodriguez , Torres André , de Carvalho Stephanie Serafim , Domont Gilberto Barbosa , Perpétua de Oliveira Danielle Maria , Mesquita Rafael Dias , Sousa Nogueira Fábio César , Maciel-de-Freitas Rafael , Junqueira Magno 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTZika virus is a global public health emergency due to its association with microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuropathy, and myelitis in children and adults. A total of 87 countries have had evidence of autochthonous mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus, distributed across four continents, and no antivirus therapy or vaccines are available. Therefore, several strategies have been developed to target the main mosquito vector,Aedes aegypti, to reduce the burden of different arboviruses. Among such strategies, the use of the maternally-inherited endosymbiontWolbachia pipientishas been applied successfully to reduce virus susceptibility and decrease transmission. However, the mechanisms by whichWolbachiaorchestrate resistance to ZIKV infection remain to be elucidated. In this study, we apply isobaric labeling quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to quantify proteins and identify pathways altered during ZIKV infection;Wolbachiainfection; co-infection withWolbachia/ZIKV in theAe. aegyptiheads and salivary glands. We show thatWolbachiaregulates proteins involved in ROS production, regulates humoral immune response, and antioxidant production. The reduction of ZIKV polyprotein in the presence ofWolbachiain mosquitoes was determined by mass spectrometry and corroborates the idea thatWolbachiahelps to block ZIKV infections inAe. aegypti. The present study offers a rich resource of data that may help to elucidate mechanisms by whichWolbachiaorchestrate resistance to ZIKV infection inAe. aegypti, and represents a step further on the development of new targeted methods to detect and quantify ZIKV andWolbachiadirectly in complex tissues.HighlightsThe abundance of ZIKV polyprotein is reduced in the presence ofWolbachiaShotgun proteomics quantifies ZIKV andWolbachiaproteins directly in tissuesWolbachiaregulates proteins involved in ROS productionWolbachiaregulates humoral immune response and antioxidant productionMetabolism and detoxification processes were associated with mono infections
Nanobody generation and structural characterization ofPlasmodium falciparum6-cysteine protein Pf12p
Authors: Dietrich Melanie H. , Chan Li-Jin , Adair Amy , Keremane Sravya , Pymm Phillip , Lo Alvin W. , Cao Yi-Chun , Tham Wai-Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurface-associated proteins play critical roles in thePlasmodiumparasite life cycle and are major targets for vaccine development. The 6-cysteine (6-cys) protein family is expressed in a stage-specific manner throughoutPlasmodium falciparumlife cycle and characterized by the presence of 6-cys domains, which are β-sandwich domains with conserved sets of disulfide bonds. Although several 6-cys family members have been implicated to play a role in sexual stages, mosquito transmission, evasion of the host immune response and host cell invasion, the precise function of many family members is still unknown and structural information is only available for four 6-cys proteins. Here, we present to the best of our knowledge, the first crystal structure of the 6-cys protein Pf12p determined at 2.8 Å resolution. The monomeric molecule folds into two domains, D1 and D2, both of which adopt the canonical 6-cys domain fold. Although the structural fold is similar to that of Pf12, its paralog inP. falciparum, we show that Pf12p does not complex with Pf41, which is a known interaction partner of Pf12. We generated ten distinct Pf12p-specific nanobodies which map into two separate epitope groups; one group which binds within the D2 domain, while several members of the second group bind at the interface of the D1 and D2 domain of Pf12p. Characterization of the structural features of the 6-cys family and their associated nanobodies provide a framework for generating new tools to study the diverse functions of the 6-cys protein family in thePlasmodiumlife cycle.
Stiffness of vascular smooth muscle cells from monkeys studied using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zhu Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are the main cellular components of blood vessel walls and bear external mechanical forces caused by blood flow and pressure. In this report, we have verified the following hypothesis through experiments: The increase in VSMC stiffness may be mainly due to changes in vascular stiffness due to aging. Although aging enhances the stiffness and adhesion of VSMC, there is no significant difference in apparent elastic modulus and adhesion between the VSMC obtained by male and female. The effect of aging through the ECM-integrin-cytoskeleton axis is related to increased VSMC stiffness and matrix adhesion rather than gender.
Efficient Inhibition of O-glycan biosynthesis using the hexosamine analog Ac5GalNTGc
Authors: Wang Shuen-Shiuan , del Solar Virginia , Yu Xinheng , Antonopoulos Aristotelis , Friedman Alan E. , Agarwal Kavita , Garg Monika , Meheboob Ahmed Syed , Addhya Ahana , Nasirikenari Mehrab , Lau Joseph T. , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart M. , Sampathkumar Srinivasa-Gopalan , Neelamegham Sriram 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYThere is a critical need to develop small molecule inhibitors of mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. The best known reagent currently is peracetylated benzyl-GalNAc, but it is only effective at millimolar concentrations. This manuscript demonstrates that Ac5GalNTGc, a peracetylated C-2 sulfhydryl substituted GalNAc, fulfills this unmet need. When added to cultured leukocytes, breast and prostate cells, Ac5GalNTGc increased cell surface VVA-binding by ~10-fold, indicating truncation of O-glycan biosynthesis. Cytometry, mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis of HL-60 promyelocytes demonstrate that 50-80μM Ac5GalNTGc prevented elaboration of 30-60% of the O-glycans beyond the Tn-antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr) stage. The effect of the compound on N-glycans and glycosphingolipids was small. Glycan inhibition induced by Ac5GalNTGc resulted in 50-80% reduction in leukocyte sialyl-Lewis-X expression, and L-/P-selectin mediated rolling under flow. Ac5GalNTGc was pharmacologically active in mouse. It reduced neutrophil infiltration to sites of inflammation by ~60%. Overall, Ac5GalNTGc may find diverse applications as a potent inhibitor of O-glycosylation.
The Potential for SARS-CoV-2 to Evade Both Natural and Vaccine-induced Immunity
Authors: Shang Emily , Axelsen Paul H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 attaches to the surface of susceptible cells through extensive interactions between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of its spike protein and angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) anchored in cell membranes. To investigate whether naturally occurring mutations in the spike protein are able to prevent antibody binding, yet while maintaining the ability to bind ACE2 and viral infectivity, mutations in the spike protein identified in cases of human infection were mapped to the crystallographically-determined interfaces between the spike protein and ACE2 (PDB entry 6M0J), antibody CC12.1 (PDB entry 6XC2), and antibody P2B-2F6 (PDB entry 7BWJ).Both antibody binding interfaces partially overlap with the ACE2 binding interface. Among 16 mutations that map to the RBD:CC12.1 interface, 11 are likely to disrupt CC12.1 binding but not ACE2 binding. Among 12 mutations that map to the RBD:P2B-2F6 interface, 8 are likely to disrupt P2B-2F6 binding but not ACE2 binding. As expected, none of the mutations observed to date appear likely to disrupt the RBD:ACE2 interface.We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 with mutated forms of the spike protein may retain the ability to bind ACE2 while evading recognition by antibodies that arise in response to the original wild-type form of the spike protein. It seems likely that immune evasion will be possible regardless of whether the spike protein was encountered in the form of infectious virus, or as the immunogen in a vaccine. Therefore, it also seems likely that reinfection with a variant strain of SARS-CoV-2 may occur among people who recover from Covid-19, and that vaccines with the ability to generate antibodies against multiple variant forms of the spike protein will be necessary to protect against variant forms of SARS-CoV-2 that are already circulating in the human population.