bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of host diet on the fitness of the egg parasitoid species, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Pehlivan Serkan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Egg parasitoids belonging to the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are important natural enemies that have been successfully used in biological control programs and mostly reared on the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Host quality is a crucial factor that can determine parasitoid fitness.

Main body
Laboratory studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of 3 different larval diets CY diet (95% cornmeal + 5% yeast), CBGY diet (53.3% cornmeal + 26.7% wheat bran + 15% glycerine + 5% yeast), and WBGY diet (53.3% wheat flour + 26.7% wheat bran + 15% glycerine + 5% yeast) on some demographic parameters of E. kuehniella. Moreover, the performance of the species Trichogramma evanescens Westwood reared on the E. kuehniella eggs reared on the 3 artificial diets were determined. For the E. kuehniella rearing, the CY diet had a higher fecundity and greater emergence ratios. Nevertheless, CY diet also provided shorter developmental time, greater fecundity, and relatively higher female ratios of subsequent generations of the parasitoids.

Conclusion
The results suggest that the CY diet could be considered as a standard diet for the multigenerational rearing of T. evanescens.
Electric field stimulation for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Ryan Christina N. M. , Doulgkeroglou Meletios N. , Zeugolis Dimitrios I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectric fields are involved in numerous physiological processes, including directional embryonic development and wound healing following injury. To study these processes in vitro and/or to harness electric field stimulation as a biophysical environmental cue for organised tissue engineering strategies various electric field stimulation systems have been developed. These systems are overall similar in design and have been shown to influence morphology, orientation, migration and phenotype of several different cell types. This review discusses different electric field stimulation setups and their effect on cell response.
Nonhuman primate model in mammary gland biology and neoplasia research
Authors: Dewi Fitriya N. , Cline J. Mark 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch on breast cancer pathogenesis, prevention and drug development remains an important field as this disease is still one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Nonhuman primates, particularly macaque species, may serve as a highly translational animal model in breast cancer studies due to their similarity with humans in genetics, anatomy, reproductive and endocrine physiology including mammary gland development profile. The use of nonhuman primates in biomedical research, however, requires high ethical standards and an increasing expectation to improve strategies to replace, reduce and refine their use. Here, we discuss some key features of nonhuman primate mammary gland biology relevant to their strengths and limitations as models in studies of breast development and cancer risk.
Imaging of COVID-19 simulators
Authors: Motawea Abdelghany Mohammed , Omar Suzan , Yasin Rabab 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It was highly contagious spreading all over the world, with a rapid increase in the number of deaths. The reported cases have reached more than 14 million with more than 600,000 deaths around the world. So, the pandemic of COVID-19 became a surpassing healthcare crisis with an intensive load on the healthcare resources.
In this study, the aim was to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from its mimickers as atypical infection, interstitial lung diseases, and eosinophilic lung diseases based on CT, clinical, and laboratory findings.

Results
This retrospective study included 260 patients, of which 220 were confirmed as COVID-19 positive by two repeated RT-PCR test and 40 were classified as non-COVID by two repeated negative RT-PCR test or identification of other pathogens, other relevant histories, or clinical findings.
In this study, 158 patients were male (60.7 %) and 102 patients were female (39.3%). There was 60.9% of the COVID-19 group were male and 39.1% were female. Patients in the non-COVID group were significantly older (the mean age was 46.4) than those in the confirmed COVID-19 group (35.2y). In the COVID-19 group, there was exposure history to positive cases in 84.1% while positive exposure history was 20% in the non-COVID group.

Conclusion
The spectrum of CT imaging findings in COVID-19 pneumonia is wide that could be contributed by many other diseases making the interpretation of chest CTs nowadays challenging to differentiate between different diseases having the same signs and act as deceiving simulators in the era of COVID-19.
Gall bladder carcinoma: the facts and the mimics
Authors: Prasad Niharika , Sen Saugata 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common biliary epithelial neoplasm. Its slow progression and late presentation lend it a poor prognosis. The risk factors can be divided into cholelithiasis, inflammatory causes, infection, exposure, and gall bladder pathologies. It usually spreads by hematogenous or lymphatic route or directly invades the liver. There are many controversies related to guidelines for management of gall bladder polyps and treatment options.

Main text
This review article attempts to give definitive guidelines for the same and helps the reader distinguish it from other benign mimickers. The emerging role of newer modalities like contrast ultrasound, elastography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography has also been briefly mentioned. This paper reviews the literature to provide concise background, etiopathogenesis, radiological findings, and management options of GBC.

Conclusions
Out of all the available modalities MDCT, FDG-PET CT, and image-guided biopsies play the most important role in diagnosis and follow-up. Imaging remains elementary in pre-operative planning and management of gall bladder neoplasms.
Diagnostic performance of chest CT in differentiating COVID-19 from other causes of ground-glass opacities
Authors: Elmokadem Ali H. , Bayoumi Dalia , Abo-Hedibah Sherif A. , El-Morsy Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of chest CT in differentiating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 causes of ground-glass opacities (GGO).

Results
A total of 80 patients (49 males and 31 females, 46.48 ± 16.09 years) confirmed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR and who underwent chest CT scan within 2 weeks of symptoms, and 100 patients (55 males and 45 females, 48.94 ± 18.97 years) presented with GGO on chest CT were enrolled in the study. Three radiologists reviewed all CT chest exams after removal of all identifying data from the images. They expressed the result as positive or negative for COVID-19 and recorded the other pulmonary CT features with mention of laterality, lobar affection, and distribution pattern. The clinical data and laboratory findings were recorded. Chest CT offered diagnostic accuracy ranging from 59 to 77.2% in differentiating COVID-19- from non-COVID-19-associated GGO with sensitivity from 76.25 to 90% and specificity from 45 to 67%. The specificity was lower when differentiating COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 viral pneumonias (30.5–61.1%) and higher (53.1–70.3%) after exclusion of viral pneumonia from the non-COVID-19 group. Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have lesions in lower lobes (p = 0.005), peripheral distribution (p < 0.001), isolated ground-glass opacity (p = 0.043), subpleural bands (p = 0.048), reverse halo sign (p = 0.005), and vascular thickening (p = 0.013) but less likely to have pulmonary nodules (p < 0.001), traction bronchiectasis (p = 0.005), pleural effusion (p < 0.001), and lymphadenopathy (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Chest CT offered reasonable sensitivity when differentiating COVID-19- from non-COVID-19-associated GGO with low specificity when differentiating COVID-19 from other viral pneumonias and moderate specificity when differentiating COVID-19 from other causes of GGO.
A review on chest CT scanning parameters implemented in COVID-19 patients: bringing low-dose CT protocols into play
Authors: Azadbakht Javid , Khoramian Daryoush , Lajevardi Zahra Sadat , Elikaii Fateme , Aflatoonian Amir Hossein , Farhood Bagher , Najafi Masoud , Bagheri Hamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aims to review chest computed tomography (CT) scanning parameters which are utilized to evaluate patients for COVID-19-induced pneumonia. Also, some of radiation dose reduction techniques in CT would be mentioned, because using these techniques or low-dose protocol can decrease the radiation burden on the population.

Main body
Chest CT scan can play a key diagnostic role in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, it can be useful to monitor imaging changes during treatment. However, CT scan overuse during the COVID-19 pandemic raises concerns about radiation-induced adverse effects, both in patients and healthcare workers.

Conclusion
By evaluating the CT scanning parameters used in several studies, one can find the necessity for optimizing these parameters. It has been found that chest CT scan taken using low-dose CT protocol is a reliable diagnostic tool to detect COVID-19 pneumonia in daily practice. Moreover, the low-dose chest CT protocol results in a remarkable reduction (up to 89%) in the radiation dose compared to the standard-dose protocol, not lowering diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19-induced pneumonia in CT images. Therefore, its employment in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly recommended.
Recursive Cluster Elimination based Rank Function (SVM-RCE-R) implemented in KNIME
Authors: Yousef Malik , Bakir-Gungor Burcu , Jabeer Amhar , Goy Gokhan , Qureshi Rehman , C. Showe Louise 
Published: January 2021

In our earlier study, we proposed a novel feature selection approach, Recursive Cluster Elimination with Support Vector Machines (SVM-RCE) and implemented this approach in Matlab. Interest in this approach has grown over time and several researchers have incorporated SVM-RCE into their studies, resulting in a substantial number of scientific publications. This increased interest encouraged us to reconsider how feature selection, particularly in biological datasets, can benefit from considering the relationships of those genes in the selection process, this led to our development of SVM-RCE-R. SVM-RCE-R, further enhances the capabilities of SVM-RCE by the addition of a novel user specified ranking function. This ranking function enables the user to stipulate the weights of the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, f-measure, area under the curve and the precision in the ranking function This flexibility allows the user to select for greater sensitivity or greater specificity as needed for a specific project. The usefulness of SVM-RCE-R is further supported by development of the maTE tool which uses a similar approach to identify microRNA (miRNA) targets. We have also now implemented the SVM-RCE-R algorithm in Knime in order to make it easier to applyThe use of SVM-RCE-R in Knime is simple and intuitive and allows researchers to immediately begin their analysis without having to consult an information technology specialist. The input for the Knime implemented tool is an EXCEL file (or text or CSV) with a simple structure and the output is also an EXCEL file. The Knime version also incorporates new features not available in SVM-RCE. The results show that the inclusion of the ranking function has a significant impact on the performance of SVM-RCE-R. Some of the clusters that achieve high scores for a specified ranking can also have high scores in other metrics.
Screening instruments to predict adverse outcomes for undifferentiated older adults attending the emergency department: Protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Leahy Aoife , Corey Gillian , O'Neill Aoife , Higginbotham Owen , Devlin Collette , Barry Louise , Cummins Niamh M. , Shanahan Elaine , Shchetkovsky Denys , Ryan Damien , O'Connor Margaret , Galvin Rose 
Published: January 2021

Background: The number of older adults with complex medical comorbidities and functional impairment is increasing throughout the world. Frail older adults frequently attend the Emergency Department (ED) and are at increased risk of adverse outcomes following presentation. A number of screening tools exist that aim to screen older adults for frailty and identify those at risk of functional decline, unscheduled readmission, institutionalisation and mortality. We propose to determine the predictive accuracy of four commonly used screening tools, namely the Identification of Seniors at Risk Screening (ISAR), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (PRISMA 7) and InterRAI ED, to determine adverse events at 30 days and six months among older adults who present to the ED. Methods and analysis: This is a prospective cohort study where patients over the age of 65 will have four screening tools (ISAR, CFS, PRISMA 7, interRAI ED) performed by face-to-face interview with a research nurse during their index visit to one Irish ED. Older adults will be included if they are willing and able to provide written informed consent, have a Manchester Triage Category 2-5 and are resident in the hospital catchment area. Demographic information will be collected at the index visit. A telephone follow up will occur at 30 days and six months, completed by a research nurse who is blinded to the initial assessment. Outcome data will include mortality rates, ED re-attendance, hospital readmission, functional decline and institutionalisation. We will analyse the risk of adverse outcomes using multivariable logistic regression and we will report adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI. Dissemination: Study findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant academic and clinical conferences. National and International gerontology conferences will be targeted.
A Sample-to-Answer Compact Optical System for On-Site Detection of Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus
Authors: Wu Cui , Wang Zhen , Wu Hui , Lu Zhan , Qian Cheng , Jin Shunru , Wang Rui , Meng Youqing , Wu Jian , Ping Jianfeng , Ying Yibin , Ye Zunzhong 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsA portable system based on real-time fluorescence analysis was developed for field detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus within 40 min from sample to answer.A smartphone-assisted device was designed for easy operation, reliable nucleic acid amplification, and highly sensitive fluorescence detection, with sensitivity comparable to that of a commercial instrument.A novel homemade 3D printed box was used for in-field reagent storage, and it could maintain low temperature (&lt;4°C) for about 8 hours without power supply.This fully integrated system is stable, easy to use, inexpensive, and has great application prospects in resource-limited areas.Abstract. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) is a main causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB), a destructive disease that has greatly reduced citrus yields and quality. Instruments with high sensitivity and portability are urgently required for on-site testing. In this study, a novel sample-to-answer optical system for on-site detection of Las was developed. Three major functions, including DNA extraction, amplification, and detection, are integrated into a portable case. This system mainly consists of (1) a specially designed 3D printed box for on-site reagent storage that can maintain low temperature (below 4°C) for 7.5 h at ambient temperature (35°C); (2) a custom device, called the IF-Device, for DNA amplification and detection of HLB, with an optimized optical structure, a sensitive signal processing circuit, and a precise temperature control algorithm with an accuracy of ±0.1°C; and (3) a battery-based power supply for the whole system. In a typical test using sodium fluorescein as a standard model, the results showed that the sensitivity of this system (1.0 nM) could easily meet the requirements of fluorescence biosensors. The feasibility of this homemade system was evaluated with samples extracted from infected citrus leaves based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, and the limit of detection (LOD) was approximately 1.0 × 10-4 ng µL-1. The whole detection process for eight samples could be simultaneously accomplished within 40 min, and the results could be displayed on a smartphone in real-time. Moreover, the portable case is anti-interference, low cost, and only 2 kg in weight. Considering its sensitivity, stability, and portability, this highly integrated system possesses promising prospects for in-field detection. Keywords: Field detection, Fluorescence biosensor, Huanglongbing, Isothermal amplification, Sample-to-answer.
Simulating Hydrologic Effects of Wildfire on a Small Sub-Alpine Watershed in New Mexico, U.S.
Authors: Moeser C. David , Douglas-Mankin Kyle R. 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsThis study calibrated a hydrologic model for pre- and postfire conditions and simulated postfire hydrologic response.Postfire rainfall-runoff was more influenced by canopy and soil water factors and less by antecedent soil moisture (ASM).For moderate to low ASM, postfire streamflow responded linearly to precipitation; prefire showed little response.Postfire streamflow increased and shifted from baseflow- to runoff-dominated, and runoff occurred across all ASM.Abstract. Streamflow records available before and after wildfire in a small, mixed conifer, sub-alpine monsoonal dominated watershed in New Mexico provided a unique opportunity to calibrate a watershed model (PRMS) for pre- and postfire conditions. The calibrated model was then used to simulate the hydrologic effects of fire. Simulated postfire surface runoff averaged 14.7 times greater than prefire for the 29-year simulation period. The relationship between precipitation and streamflow changed dramatically after wildfire, largely from a decreased influence of antecedent soil moisture (ASM) and increased influence of canopy factors (less interception) and soil factors (greater hydrophobicity, less infiltration) in controlling surface runoff. For higher ASM, simulated pre- and postfire streamflow was similarly variable. However, for moderate and lower ASM, soil water storage was too low to contribute baseflow for either prefire or postfire conditions, and thus postfire streamflow maintained a linear, surface runoff-dominated response to precipitation, whereas prefire streamflow showed little response. Postfire streamflow efficiency increased with ASM from a mean of 0.02 at the lowest ASM to 0.30 at the highest ASM, whereas prefire conditions showed no sensitivity to ASM at low to moderate ASM. Postfire streamflow increased (2.1 times greater median flow than prefire), particularly from increased surface runoff (14.7 times greater), which occurred across all ASM conditions. As a result, streamflow shifted from baseflow-dominated to surface runoff-dominated after wildfire. This result indicates that substantial increases in runoff efficiency (20% or more of precipitation volume) can occur across a range of ASM postfire, which may have severe consequences for flooding. This result also indicates that monitoring of soil moisture would enhance raingauge networks for early flood warning. Keywords: Landscape change, PRMS, Runoff change, Wildfire.
Determination of Leaf Water Content with a Portable NIRS System Based on Deep Learning and Information Fusion Analysis
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhang Chu , Taha Mohamed Farag , Qiu Zhengjun , He Yong 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsA portable NIRS system with local computing hardware was developed for leaf water content determination.The proposed convolutional neural network for regression showed a satisfactory performance.Decision fusion of multiple regression models achieved a higher precision than single models.All of the devices and machine intelligence algorithms were integrated into the system.Software was developed for system control and user interface.Abstract. Spectroscopy has been widely used as a valid non-destructive technique for the determination of crop physiological parameters. In this study, a portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system was developed for rapid measurement of rape (Brassica campestris) leaf water content. An integrated spectrometer (900 to 1700 nm) was used to collect the spectra. A Wi-Fi module was adopted for driving the spectrometer and realizing data communication. The NVIDIA Jetson Nano developer kit was employed to handle the received spectra and perform computing tasks. Three embedded spectral analysis models, including support vector regression (SVR), partial least square regression (PLSR), and deep convolutional neural network for regression (CNN-R), and decision fusions of these methods were built and compared. The results demonstrated that the separate models produced satisfactory predictions. The proposed system achieved the highest precision based on the fusion of PLSR and CNN-R. The hardware devices and analytical algorithms were all integrated into the proposed portable system, and the tested samples were collected from an actual field environment, which shows great potential of the system for outdoor applications. Keywords: Decision fusion, Deep learning, Leaf water content, Local computing, Portable NIRS system.
Concentration and pressure scaling of CH2O electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering signals
Authors: Lauriola Daniel K. , Rahman K. Arafat , Stauffer Hans U. , Slipchenko Mikhail N. , Meyer Terrence R. , Roy Sukesh 
Published: January 2021

Nanosecond electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) is evaluated for the measurement of formaldehyde (

C
H

2

O

) concentrations in reacting and nonreacting conditions. The three-color scheme utilizes a 532 nm pump beam and a scanned Stokes beam near 624 nm for Raman excitation of the C–H symmetric stretch (

ν
1

) vibrational mode; further, a 342 nm resonant probe is tuned to produce the outgoing CARS signal via the

1
0
1

4
0
3

vibronic transition between the ground (

X
~

1

A

1

) and first excited (

A
~

1

A

2

) electronic states. This allows detection of

C
H

2

O

at concentrations as low as

9

×

10

14

m
o
l
e
c
u
l
e
s

/

c
m

3

(55 parts per million) in a calibration cell with

C
H

2

O

and

N

2

at 1 bar and 450 K with 3% uncertainty. The measurements show a quadratic dependence of the signal with

C
H

2

O

number density. Pressure scaling experiments up to 11 bar in the calibration cell show an increase in signal up to 8 bar. We study pressure dependence up to 11 bar and further apply the technique to characterize the

C
H

2

O

concentration in an atmospheric premixed dimethyl ether/air McKenna burner flame, with a maximum concentration uncertainty of 11%. This approach demonstrates the feasibility for spatially resolved measurements of minor species such as

C
H

2

O

in reactive environments and shows promise for application in high-pressure combustors.