bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation and modeling of nonlinear, adaptive dashpot
Authors: Mnich K. , Lazarek M. , Brzeski P. , Perlikowski P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we determine the characteristics of mechanical components of dynamical systems using a specially designed laboratory rig. We present the details of the experiments performed on the prototype device and provide technical documentation of its crucial elements. We validate the accuracy of measurements using a spring and comparing results with manufacturer data. Then, we examine nonlinear dashpot with variable damping coefficient obtained through the usage of the throttling valve. We perform several tests presenting its force characteristics as a function of velocity and damping coefficient. We derive the mathematical model of the dashpot basing on the experimental data. Finally, we perform transient test in which we change the damping coefficient during operation of the dashpot. The comparison of obtained results with the model gives good accordance.
Optimization of culture conditions and cultivation phase for the growth of Salvia viridis transformed roots and polyphenolic compound production
Authors: Grzegorczyk-Karolak Izabela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSalvia viridis transformed root culture was studied using MS, WP or B5 media (full or half-strength macro- and microelements: 1/2MS, 1/2WP, 1/2B5) under varying light conditions to optimize growth and polyphenolic compound production. The highest levels of root growth (154.6 g/l and 13.6 g/l, respectively, fresh and dry weight) were observed for hairy roots grown in WP medium in the dark. UPLC analysis found the polyphenolic acid content in plant material to range from 20.7 to 45.9 mg/g dry weight (DW) depending on the conditions. The highest metabolite content was observed in roots grown in B5 medium under photoperiods. A time-course study of the hairy roots cultured in WP medium in the dark examined the effect of culture period on biomass and polyphenolic compound yield every 5 days over a 60-day period. More than 1 g of dry weight per flask and 47.8 mg of metabolite per g DW were produced after 30 days, at the beginning of the stationary phase. However, maximum production was only observed for four of the 10 detected compounds during this growth phase, between days 30 and 40; one of which was rosmarinic acid: the predominant compound in all extracts. Under optimal conditions, production was almost 10 times higher than that observed in the roots of field growing plants, which suggests that the selected optimized transformed root culture of S. viridis may be a good approach for valuable polyphenol production.
Konflikt und Solidarität als Verhältnis dynamischer Vergesellschaftung
Authors: Fehmel Thilo 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungSolidarität und Konflikt: beides sind Formen sozialer Beziehungen, Formen wechselseitiger Bezugnahmen von Akteuren, die sich im gleichen Handlungsrahmen bewegen. Sowohl Konflikt als auch Solidarität entwickeln als Typen sozialen Handelns strukturierende Kraft. Nach außen ausgetragene kollektive Konflikte können die Gruppenkohäsion nach innen stärken. Solidarität wiederum ist in der Regel partikular, hat also Exklusionspotenzial, das unter bestimmten Bedingungen in Konflikte münden kann. Kurz: Konflikt führt zu Solidarität, und Solidarität führt zu Konflikt. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es zu einfach, Konflikten ausschließlich sozial desintegrative und Solidarität ausschließlich sozial integrative Effekte zuzuschreiben. Stattdessen bedarf es eines sozialtheoretischen Modells, das in der Lage ist, Konflikt und Solidarität und ihr dynamisches Verhältnis zueinander abzubilden. Dieses Modell wird im vorliegenden Beitrag entwickelt. Es untersucht solidarisches wie auch konfliktives soziales Handeln auf struktureller, inhaltlicher und prozeduraler Ebene. Dabei spielen die Kontingenz und Variabilität von Solidarnormen und von Konfliktrahmen eine entscheidende Rolle. Solidaritätsmanagement als aktive Gestaltung des Verhältnisses von Solidarnormen und Konfliktrahmen ist empirischer Beobachtung zugänglich. Aus dem Wechselspiel von Solidarität(snormen) und Konflikt(rahmen) ergibt sich schließlich, was als Solidaritätskonflikt modelliert wird.
Thermodynamic Properties of Li-Sb Liquid Solution by QAM
Authors: Terlicka S. , Gąsior W. , Dębski A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The optimization of the thermodynamic properties of a liquid Li-Sb system is performed based on all available literature data. The description of the excess Gibbs energy as a function of temperature and composition is presented using a qualitative associate model (QAM), described in our earlier work on the Li-Pb system. The modeled molar mixing enthalpy changes, excess Gibbs energy and the molar excess entropy values are characterized by strong negative deviations from the ideal solution in the entire concentration range. It was found that the best correlation between experimental data and those calculated using QAM is observed if the Li3Sb and LiSb associates are assumed to be in the liquid Li-Sb solution. Calculations of the microscopic function, i.e., the concentration-concentration in the long-wavelength limit, (S
cc(0)) excess stability function (ES) and short-range-order parameter (SRO(α)) show the extreme (maximum or minimum) values almost exactly for the concentrations of Li3Sb associate (and intermetallic phase in solid alloys) and LiSb. The quotient of real S
cc(0) to this for the ideal solution (S
cc(0)id) is characterized by a similar property to the mentioned structure factors.
Hidden Phenomena During Transient Reaction Trajectories in Liquid Metals Processing
Authors: Spooner Stephen , Li Zushu , Sridhar Seetharaman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The transient trajectory taken for a system striving toward equilibration has consequences on the rate of processes and on the chemical and physical state of products in metallurgical processes. A case study approach to recent advancements in liquid steel processing is given. A combination of techniques and knowledge developed is given as a targeted showcase of the authors’ contributions to the understanding of liquid metal droplet reactions and their contribution to the large-scale production processes within the steel industry. Examples relevant to novel ironmaking technologies, oxygen steelmaking, ladle metallurgy, and continuous casting are discussed, showing the range of processes that benefit from greater understanding in this area. This article considers specifically the reaction of liquid ferrous droplets, immersed in molten oxides, involving key alloying components, including phosphorus, aluminum, and carbon. The studies use high-temperature–confocal scanning laser microscopy (HT-CSLM), X-ray computed tomography (XCT), phase-field modeling, and in situ limited angle X-ray imaging. These techniques have seen significant development over recent years, and the combination of these powerful tools reveals the occurrence of spontaneous emulsification driven by chemical reaction (in the case of oxygen/phosphorus/aluminum reactions) and gas-phase formation (in the case of decarburization) both internally and externally to a steel droplet. A key finding is that the interfacial area pertinent for the heterogenous reactions to occur changes considerably (by up to an order of magnitude) depending on the chemical driving force. Additional key findings include the shift between preferential internal and external gas nucleation during decarburization, an inflection point of behavior as to whether or not spontaneous emulsification will occur (within the study discussed, this is between 3 and 4 wt pct Al) and the pathway of perturbation growth through which spontaneous emulsification occurs, including the physical maxima a perturbation will grow to before breaking away from the parent droplet.
Liquid Metal Flow Studied by Positron Emission Tracking
Authors: Dybalska Agnieszka , Caden Adrian J. , Parker David J. , Wedderburn John , Griffiths William D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To improve the properties of castings, a new technique to observe the fluid flow and study the motion of oxygen-bearing inclusions has been developed. This new technique, Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT), enabled a single radioactive tracer particle, moving inside a liquid metal casting, to be tracked with an accuracy of some millimeters, depending on the properties of the liquid metal and the mold. These novel experiments give promising results to observe the liquid metal flow and locate the tracked particle in a casting. Experiments have shown that various particle sizes (200 to 600 μm presented here) can be used to observe the liquid metal flow, if the particle has sufficiently initial radioactivity. Different sizes of particles are considered and their radioactivity compared in terms of their usefulness for tracking in flowing liquid aluminum according to the specific surface area.
Comparative performances of new and existing indices of crown asymmetry: an evaluation using tall trees of Eucalyptus pilularis (Smith)
Authors: Kong Fanlin , Bi Huiquan , McLean Michael , Li Fengri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the past 50 years, crown asymmetry of forest trees has been evaluated through several indices constructed from the perspective of projected crown shape or displacement but often on an ad hoc basis to address specific objectives related to tree growth and competition, stand dynamics, stem form, crown structure and treefall risks. Although sharing some similarities, these indices are largely incoherent and non-comparable as they differ not only in the scale but also in the direction of their values in indicating the degree of crown asymmetry. As the first attempt at devising normative measures of crown asymmetry, we adopted a relative scale between 0 for perfect symmetry and 1 for extreme asymmetry. Five existing crown asymmetry indices (CAIs) were brought onto this relative scale after necessary modifications. Eight new CAIs were adapted from measures of circularity for digital images in computer graphics, indices of income inequality in economics, and a bilateral symmetry indicator in plant leaf morphology. The performances of the 13 CAIs were compared over different numbers of measured crown radii for 30 projected crowns of matureEucalyptus pilularistrees through benchmarking statistics and rank order correlation analysis. For each CAI, the index value based on the full measurement of 36 evenly spaced radii of a projected crown was taken as the true value in the benchmarking process. The index (CAI13) adapted from the simple bilateral symmetry measure proved to be the least biased and most precise. Its performance was closely followed by that of three other CAIs. The minimum number of crown radii that is needed to provide at least an indicative measure of crown asymmetry is four. For more accurate and consistent measures, at least 6 or 8 crown radii are needed. The range of variability in crown morphology of the trees under investigation also needs to be taken into consideration. Although the CAIs are from projected crown radii, they can be readily extended to individual tree crown metrics that are now commonly extracted from LiDAR and other remotely sensed data. Adding a normative measure of crown asymmetry to individual tree crown metrics will facilitate the process of big data analytics and artificial intelligence in forestry wherever crown morphology is among the factors to be considered for decision making in forest management.
A Multi-Model Pipeline for Translational Intracerebral Haemorrhage Research
Authors: Withers Sarah E. , Parry-Jones Adrian R. , Allan Stuart M. , Kasher Paul R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractApart from acute and chronic blood pressure lowering, we have no specific medications to prevent intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) or improve outcomes once bleeding has occurred. One reason for this may be related to particular limitations associated with the current pre-clinical models of ICH, leading to a failure to translate into the clinic. It would seem that a breakdown in the ‘drug development pipeline’ currently exists for translational ICH research which needs to be urgently addressed. Here, we review the most commonly used pre-clinical models of ICH and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in the context of translational studies. We propose that to increase our chances of successfully identifying new therapeutics for ICH, a bi-directional, 2- or 3-pronged approach using more than one model species/system could be useful for confirming key pre-clinical observations. Furthermore, we highlight that post-mortem/ex-vivo ICH patient material is a precious and underused resource which could play an essential role in the verification of experimental results prior to consideration for further clinical investigation. Embracing multidisciplinary collaboration between pre-clinical and clinical ICH research groups will be essential to ensure the success of this type of approach in the future.
Querying Rich Ontologies by Exploiting the Structure of Data
Authors: Bajraktari Labinot 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOntology-based data access (OBDA) has emerged as a paradigm for accessing heterogeneous and incomplete data sources. A fundamental reasoning service in OBDA, the ontology mediated query (OMQ) answering has received much attention from the research community. However, there exists a disparity in research carried for OMQ algorithms for lightweight DLs which have found their way into practical implementations, and algorithms for expressive DLs for which the work has had mainly theoretical oriented goals. In the dissertation, a technique that leverages the structural properties of data to help alleviate the problems that typically arise when answering the queries in expressive settings is developed. In this paper, a brief summary of the technique along with the different algorithms developed for OMQ for expressive DLs is given.
Explaining Arguments with Background Knowledge
Authors: Becker Maria , Hulpuş Ioana , Opitz Juri , Paul Debjit , Kobbe Jonathan , Stuckenschmidt Heiner , Frank Anette 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost information we consume as a society is obtained over the Web. News – often from questionable sources – are spread online, as are election campaigns; calls for (collective) action spread with unforeseen speed and intensity. All such actions have argumentation at their core, and the conveyed content is often strategically selected or rhetorically framed. The responsibility of critical analysis of arguments is thus tacitly transferred to the content consumer who is often not prepared for the task, nor aware of the responsibility.The ExpLAIN project aims at making the structure and reasoning of arguments explicit – not only for humans, but for Robust Argumentation Machines that are endowed with language understanding capacity. Our vision is a system that is able to deeply analyze argumentative text: that identifies arguments and counter-arguments, and reveals their internal structure, conveyed content and reasoning. A particular challenge for such a system is to uncover implicit knowledge which many arguments rely on. This requires human background knowledge and reasoning capacity, in order to explicate the complete reasoning of an argument.This article presents ongoing research of the ExpLAIN project that aims to make the vision of such a system a tangible aim. We introduce the problems and challenges we need to address, and present the progress we achieved until now by applying advanced natural language and knowledge processing methods. Our approach puts particular focus on leveraging available sources of structured and unstructured background knowledge, the automatic extension of such knowledge, the uncovering of implicit content, and reasoning techniques suitable for informal, everyday argumentation.
Observation and assessment of crossing situations between pleasure craft and a small passenger ferry
Authors: Øvergård Kjell Ivar , Tannum Marius Stian , Haavardtun Per 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA study of navigational situations involving a small passenger ferry ‘Ole III’ was conducted based on participatory observations in the Husøysund strait in Tønsberg municipality, Norway. The aims were to document the extent to which crossing situations are solved according to navigational rules and practice, and to investigate the number of incidents which could pose a risk for Ole III and its passengers. Because of the high density of private pleasure craft, we expected a rather large number of non-compliance with navigational rules. Observations supported this assumption, and based on the total of 3152 crossings with Ole III where other vessels where present, a total of 279 (8.9%) incidents were considered to involve non-compliance with navigational rules and practice. A total of 165 incidents were caused by the other vessels failing to give way even though it had Ole III on its starboard side. This indicates that, at least in Norway, we may routinely expect pleasure craft to deviate from navigational rules for crossing situations. A number of incidents could partly be explained by a mismatch in understandings of which vessel had the right-of-way. Also, incident risk was higher when Ole III used active control strategies to handle crossing situations (e.g. keeping course and speed) as compared with passive control strategies. A taxonomy of situations based upon intentions is presented together with suggestions for control strategies for small passenger vessels that operate in waters with many pleasure craft.
Pregabalin-associated stuttering and frequent blepharospasm: case report and review.
Authors: Ge Lingzhi , Li Ang , Wang Ni , Li Ping , Xin Hongyan , Li Wenfei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerpes zoster is an acute, painful, herpes skin disease caused by varicella-zoster virus, which may cause viral meningitis. Pregabalin has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of pain in patients with herpes zoster. However, it has the side effects of neurotoxicity. We describe a 68-year-old female patient with herpes zoster, and she was treated with pregabalin. The patient presented with stuttering and frequent blepharospasm after 3 days of pregabalin treatment. Pregabalin was discontinued, the symptoms of stuttering and frequent blepharospasm completely resolved without any special treatment after one week. In this case, the etiology of stuttering and frequent blepharospasm may be related to pregabalin. Clinicians should be alert to the rare symptoms associated with the use of pregabalin.
Entwicklung und Validation eines Fragebogens zur Beurteilung der Inzidenz und Reaktionen von Second Victims im Deutschsprachigen Raum (SeViD)
Authors: Strametz R. , Rösner H. , Ablöscher M. , Huf W. , Ettl B. , Raspe M. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Second Victims, definiert als medizinische Fachpersonen, die durch einen unvorhergesehenen klinischen Zwischenfall traumatisiert werden, sind ein verbreitetes Phänomen im Gesundheitswesen. Studien aus den USA zeigen hohe Inzidenzen zwischen 10 und 42 % bei medizinischem Personal. Allerdings existiert kein validierter deutscher Fragebogen, der sich mit der Inzidenz und den Auswirkungen auseinandersetzt. Deshalb wurde im Rahmen des SeViD-Projekts (Second Victims im Deutschsprachigen Raum) ein deutschsprachiger Fragebogen zur Beurteilung von Second-Victim-Erfahrungen entwickelt.

Methoden
Basierend auf einer Literaturrecherche nach existierenden Fragebögen in englischer Sprache wurde eine vorläufige Version des Fragebogens bestehend aus 4 Bereichen und 14 Fragen erstellt. Diese wurde kognitiven Pretests unterzogen, um die Inhaltsvalidität zu überprüfen.

Ergebnisse
Fünfzehn medizinische Fachpersonen aus Krankenhäusern in Deutschland (n = 6) und Österreich (n = 9) nahmen nach Einverständniserklärung als Freiwillige an allen Pretests teil. Sieben Fragen in 3 Bereichen wurden basierend auf kognitiven Pretests leicht modifiziert. Die durchschnittliche Bearbeitungszeit des Fragebogens betrug 9:01 (±3:05) min im Fall einer vorherigen Second-Victim-Erfahrung und 4:19 (±0:59) min ohne entsprechendes Erlebnis. Die Befragung wurde von allen Freiwilligen als angemessen bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung
Es konnte ein inhaltsvalidierter Fragebogen entwickelt werden, der die Auswirkung des Second-Victim-Phänomens in stationären Gesundheitseinrichtungen im deutschsprachigen Raum beurteilen kann. Dieser Fragebogen soll in verschiedenen Settings für medizinisches Fachpersonal sowohl für Erhebungen des Status quo als auch für Verlaufsbeobachtungen in Interventionsstudien eingesetzt werden.
Enclaves of Banditry: Ungoverned Forest Spaces and Cattle Rustling in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Onwuzuruigbo Ifeanyi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParts of northern Nigeria are becoming enclaves of banditry for gangs of cattle rustlers who maraud largely ungoverned forests. Extant studies of banditry shy away from serious interrogation of cattle rustling and ungoverned forest spaces in northern Nigeria. Onwuzuruigbo investigates the connection between cattle rustling and ungoverned forest spaces, highlighting the role of criminal groups in creating their own governance structures. The upswing in cattle rustling may thus be attributed to poor forest governance, which effectively keeps the government and its agents away from forests. Inclusive forest governance is one path toward addressing cattle rustling in northern Nigeria.
Non-monetary intervention to discourage consumption of single-use plastic bags
Authors: CHANDRA GAURI 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe over-utilization of plastic bags has pushed governments to implement a mix of policy measures ranging from banning the bags altogether to charging a fee for them. However, these policies are often accompanied by unintended consequences. Paying for plastic bags, in particular, may crowd out the negative emotions tied to their harmful impact on the environment, and may be subject to a ‘rebound effect’. In a randomized controlled experiment, I tested four different treatments aimed at nudging or encouraging consumers to carry their own bag to the stores. Specifically, I tested the effects of changing the framing of the question regarding carrier bags at the checkout till in stores using a yes/no response format, in which the yes option corresponds to the desired behaviour. The treatment with the yes/no framing format was found to have as strong and significant an effect as a charge of 5 pence per bag on discouraging single-use plastic bag consumption.