bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
النساء الشرطيات وميكانيزمات التكيف والمواجهة بحث ميداني في مدينة الديوانية
Authors: كيطان طالب عبد الرضا 
Published: October 2019

إن العمل الشرطي يعـد مـن الوظـائف الخطيرة بسبب أهميته وطبيعة وأهدافه ، ويستوجب على العاملين فيه امتلاك قدرات ومهارات خاصة , ولا يمكن أن يتحقق ذلك إلا إذا كانت المرأة مؤمنة بالعمل الذي تقوم به وتشعر برضا وتشجيع لعملها من المجتمع , وعكس ذلك تتعرض المرأة الى احباط وضغوط عديـدة فـي عملها، الأمر الذي يؤثر على رضاها عن العمل بسبب عدم شعورها بالراحة النفسية والذي يؤثر بالتالي على أسرتها. ,من هذه الرؤية أُعدت الدراسة الراهنة لتسلط الضوء علـى مـدى تحقـق القناعة لدى العنصر النسائي بالشرطة، وذلك من حيث رضاهن عـن مستوى العمل والمستقبل الوظيفي، والرضا عن الراتـب والمزايـا الوظيفيـة .
إن مشكلة عمل المرأة في مجال الشرطة هي المجتمع وليس كل المجتمع ولذلك فهي لا تبوح بعملها , وقد لا تتعدى مساحة عملهن سوى امتار في اقفاص عبارة عن سجينات غير مقتنعات بالعمل الذي يقومن به , ويهدف البحث الحالي الى عرض صورة عن اتجاهات الفتيات الى مجال جديد هو مجال الشرطة على أنهُ أحد الاتجاهات التي تؤكد تحرير المرأة ومعرفة اتجاهاتها لهذا المجال ولماذا ومدى نجاح هذه التجربة ,أما أهمية البحث فقد تكمن من أهمية التجربة وخاصةً عندما يكون توقيتها في فترة يكون من الصعب التطوع فيها في قوى الأمن الداخلي خصوصاً وإن المنتسبين لهذا العمل قد تعرضوا لتضحيات كبيرة جداً من قبل الارهاب وبعض العناصر المعادية للتجربة الديمقراطية في العراق بعد عام 2003 , استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي , ومنهج دراسة الحالة وطريقة المسح الاجتماعي, وشملت عينة البحث على (45) منتسبة من الضابطات والشرطيات وبجميع الرتب , كذلك شملت الدراسة الميدانية على استمارة استبيان مكونة من (20) سؤلاً معززاً ببعض الأسئلة المفتوحة . وخرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات .
Investigating Iraqi EFL College Learners’ Perception and Use of Causative Verbs
Authors: Dawood Al-Ebadi Qassim Hammadi , Al-Abidi Noor Hameed Majeed 
Published: October 2019

Causative verbs are used to indicate that one person causes a second person to do something for the first person. The causative verbs are : have, get, make (Croft, W. 2003:34) .
The present study aims at presenting the syntactic and semantic characteristics of causative verbs and investigating empirically the extent to which Iraqi EFL university learners’ master these characteristics. In addition, it aims at investigating the extent to which they can recognize and use causative verbs correctly; and their ability to differentiate the causative verbs from another types of verbs.
A test has been conducted to a sample of 100 Iraqi EFL university learners at their third and fourth year in the Department of English at the College of Education, University of Wasit during the academic year 2013-2014. The test has been exposed to jury members to measure its face validity.
Statistical means have been applied to the results of the test to investigate the perception and use of the college students in causative verbs. They have yielded certain conclusions that Iraqi EFL university learners at the third and fourth year face difficulties in perceiving and using the causative verbs. The rate of their correct responses in the whole test, (1291, 28.205%), is lower than their incorrect ones (3709, 71.795%). At the production level, the subjects’ incorrect responses (2434, 79.84%) reveal that they are unable to use causative verbs correctly whether syntactically or semantically. The difference in the rate of the incorrect responses of the perception (1275, 63.75%) and the use levels show that the learners of the third - fourth year face more difficulty at the use level than that at the perception one.
البطل الروائي بين العجائبية والواقعية -قـراءة فــي رواية (فرانكشتاين فـي بغداد) لأحـمد سعـداوي-
Authors: ناصر سعـد داحس 
Published: October 2019

ربما يكون تعريف (تودوروف) أشهر تعريف للعجائبي، حينما رآه " التردد الذي يحسه كائن لا يعرف غير القوانين الطبيعية فيما يواجه حدثاً فوق طبيعي حسب الظاهر"([i]). ويفهم من هذا التعريف أن الأدب العجائبي – الذي يبدعه الكاتب- يحدده – أيضاً- المتلقي بعد أن يدور في فلك التردد المنسجم مع طبيعة التلقي لصورٍ لم تألفها قوانين الطبيعة وصارت خارج حساباته المنطقية. وحينئذ ينبغي أو يتحتم على المتلقي قبول نواميس أخرى لتفسير الطبيعة، وإذا كان ثمة وظائف للسرد العجائبي كالوظيفة الترميزية والتفاعلية والأدبية والفنية والاجتماعية، فإن له - بلا شك- وظيفة نفسية ووجدانية تتمثل في إشباع الرغبات المكبوتة في ذات الكاتب والمتلقي على حد سواء، تلك الرغبات التي أسهم الواقع في كبتها وحجزها في كوامن النفس، وبذلك يمكن أن ترجع العجائبية إلى "رغبات أولية غير مشبعة لدى الإنسان فهو من خلال العجائبية يحقق كثيراً من الرغبات المستحيلة"([ii]). ليصبح السرد العجائبي – بحسب هذه الوظيفة- أشبه ما يكون بحلم فرويدي كبير، أو بالأحرى كابوساً، بالضبط كالكابوس الذي عاشه الكاتب أحمد سعداوي في فرانكشتاين في بغداد أو الذي عاشه بطله العجيب (الشسمة) أو الذي أحسه المتلقي المتردد والحائر أمام تصديق الحكاية وعدم تصديقها وقد انغمس – بسبب ذلك- في التيهان والسوداوية وحالة مفجعة من فقدان الأمل .

[i])) مدخل إلى الأدب العجائبي، تزفتيان تودوروف/45.
[ii])) من التراث الشعبي، دراسة تحليلية للحكاية الشعبية، دار المعرفة، ط1، لبنان، 2005/86.
رعاية الضعفاء في الدولة الفاطمية
Authors: عسكر حيدر مزهر 
Published: October 2019

قال تعالى: {يُرِيدُ اللّهُ أَن يُخَفِّفَ عَنكُمْ وَخُلِقَ الإِنسَانُ ضَعِيفاً}([i]) اهتم الإسلام اهتماماً كبيراً بكل فئات المجتمع وحرص المسلمون على الرعاية الكاملة للضعفاء ، وعليه جاءت الآيات الكريمة في كتاب الله تعالى لتؤكد للجميع على إن الله تعالى يحث على نصر الضعيف وإعانته قدر الاستطاعة، والمتأمل في آيات الله تعالى يجد نفسه أمام آيات كثيرة توصي بهذا المعنى قال تعالى : {لَّيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاء وَلاَ عَلَى الْمَرْضَى وَلاَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ لاَ يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُواْ لِلّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ مِن سَبِيلٍ وَاللّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ }([ii]) .
ولقد اهتمت شريعة الإسلام بحال الضعفاء وعظمت قيمتهم وطاقاتهم ، كما عظمت ثواب الذي يعين ضعيفاً من هؤلاء ولا ينتظر ثواباً من البشر بقدر ما تكون نيته وغايته رضا الله تعالى ومعاملته بالمثل في الآخرة لا سيما وهي دار الضعف، ولا يقوى فيها إلا من قواه الله تعالى وثبته وأيده ووفقه لجنته ورضوانه ففي الحديث الشريف: ((المسلم أخو المسلم لا يظلمه ولا يسلمه، ومن كان في حاجة أخيه كان الله في حاجته، ومن فرج عن مسلم كربه فرج الله عنه كربه من كربات يوم القيامة، ومن ستر مسلماً ستره الله يوم القيامة))([iii]). ومما يبين عظمة الضعفاء في الإسلام أن الخير والبركة لا تحل إلا بسبب مراعاتهم والقيام بقضاء حوائجهم ففي الحديث الشريف: ((هل تنصرون وترزقون إلا بضعفائكم))([iv]) فمن أرضاهم وعمل على خدمتهم ورفع الحرج والظلم عنهم رزقه الله وأعانه ونصره وأيده في الدنيا قبل الآخرة.
وانطلاقاً من هذه المبادئ الإسلامية اتجهت الدولة الفاطمية إلى الاهتمام بالضعفاء ورعايتهم والمساهمة في رفع الضر عنهم والتخفيف من معاناتهم ، واتبعت العديد من الوسائل في تحقيق أهدافها ، لذلك كانت السباقة في هذا المجال ، فأعدت هذه الدراسة لتوضيح الطرق والوسائل في رعاية الفاطميين للفئات المحرومة خاصة وان تلك العصور لم تعرف وسائل منظمة لتحقيق هذه الغاية .

([i]) النساء ، آية (28) .
([ii]) التوبة ، آية (91) .
([iii]) البخاري ، صحيح البخاري ، ج3/ص98 .
([iv]) ابن حجر ، فتح الباري في شرح صحيح البخاري ، ج6/ص65.
Implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak Dalam Mewujudkan Kota Layak Anak di Kota Depok
Authors: Rangkuti Safitri Ridwan , Maksum Irfan Ridwan 
Published: October 2019

Child-friendly and child-based schools are an effort to fulfill children's rights and provide quality education for children. This study aims to explain the implementation of Child Friendly School Policies established by the Ministry of Female Empowerment and Child Protection and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of Child Friendly School Policies in SMP Negeri 6 Depok. This study used a qualitative method that shows the implementation of the Child Friendly School Policy in SMPN 6 Depok been going well, assessed in the context of the process, results (output), impact (outcomes) and causality (causal connection).The factors that support the implementation of the Child Friendly School Policy at SMP Negeri 6 Depok are good and smooth communication, attitudes and commitment of all school people, coordination between the Depok Government and the School and the positive support of all school members, parents, surrounding communities. However, there are still obstacles, namely the limited school budget and the number of teachers, and the density of teacher activities that have caused the implementation of policies to be not optimal. For facilitating the implementation of child-friendly school policies, collaboration between central government and local government, schools and communities is needed. Sekolah yang ramah anak dan berbasis hak anak merupakan upaya memenuhi hak-hak anak dan memberi pendidikan yang berkualitas bagi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dan menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menunjukan implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMP Negeri 6 Depok sudah berjalan baik, dinilai dalam konteks proses, hasil (output), dampak (outcome) dan hubungan sebab akibat (causal connection). Faktor-faktor yang mendukung implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di Kota Depok adalah komunikasi yang baik dan lancar, sikap dan komitmen seluruh warga sekolah, koordinasi antar Pemda Depok dengan Sekolah serta adanya dukungan positif seluruh warga sekolah, orang tua, masyarakat sekitar. Namun masih terdapat faktor penghambat yaitu terbatasnya anggaran sekolah dan jumlah guru serta padatnya aktivitas guru menyebabkan pelaksanaan kebijakan belum optimal. Untuk memperlancar implementasi kebijakan sekolah ramah anak dibutuhkan kerjasama antara seluruh pihak baik pemerintah pusat dan daerah, sekolah dan masyarakat
PERAN KEPALA DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA APARAT DESA MOPUYA KECAMATAN BULAWA KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO
Authors: Akbar Muh Firyal 
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to know the role of the head of village in improving the performance of officials Mopuya
village in sub district of Bulawa, Bone Bolango regency, to know the factors that impede improvement
performance of officials Mopuya village in sub district of Bulawa, Bone Bolango regency. While the benefits of
research for academics, are expected to be the brainstorming of knowledge and information that can be used as
a reference or grounding in any steps strategy of head village, the practical benefit, that is to increase the
knowledge and training to think systematically and bringing insight into the role of head of village in improving
the performance of officials village. The research approach used in this research is the phenomenological
approach implies that an approach where the researchers trying to understand the meaning of the events of
research and its relation to officers who investigated the ordinary people in a particular situation, or the type of
research is used descriptive qualitative research.The result of research showed that is the role of the head of
village in improving the performance of officials Mopuya village than do the good role with through 4 roles that
already been implemented by the head of village. While the factors that impede improvement performance of
officials Mopuya village that is the terms of attendance is not on time, lack of knowledge about computers, lack
of communication and lack of self-awareness of the officials that not active.
Computing with Infinite Terms and Infinite Reductions
Authors: Ketema Jeroen , Simonsen Jakob Grue 
Published: October 2019

We define computable infinitary rewriting by introducing computability to the study of strongly convergent infinite reductions over infinite first-order terms. Given computable infinitary reductions, we show that descendants and origins—essential to proving fundamental properties such as compression and confluence—are computable across such reductions.
Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease in Old Age: A Sex-Specific Cytokinome Signature
Authors: Boccardi Virginia , Paolacci Lucia , Remondini Daniel , Giampieri Enrico , Poli Giulia , Curti Nico , Cecchetti Roberta , Villa Alfredo , Ruggiero Carmelinda , Brancorsini Stefano , Mecocci Patrizia 
Published: October 2019

Background: Elevated peripheral levels of different cytokines and chemokines in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as compared with healthy controls (HC), have emphasized the role of inflammation in such a disease. Considering the cross-talking between the central nervous system and the periphery, the inflammatory analytes may provide utility as biomarkers to identify AD at earlier stages. Objective: Using an advanced statistical approach, we can discriminate the interactive network of cytokines/chemokines and propose a useful tool to follow the progression and evolution of AD, also in light of sex differences. Methods: A cohort of 289 old-age subjects was screened for cytokine and chemokine profiling, measured in plasma, after a thorough clinical and neuropsychological evaluation. A custom algorithm based on Fisher linear discriminant analysis was applied to ascertain a classification signature able to discriminate HC from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Results: We observed that a joint expression of three proteins (a “signature” composed by IFN- α2, IL-1 α, TNF α) can discriminate HC from AD with an accuracy of 65.24%. Using this signature on MCI samples, 84.93% of them were classified as “non-HC”. Stratifying MCI samples by sex, we observed that 87.23% of women were classified as “non-HC”, and only 57.69% of males. Indeed, in a scatter plot of IFN- α2 and IL-1 α, the HC group was better separated from MCI and AD in women as compared with men. Conclusion: These findings suggest that AD is accompanied by a peripheral inflammatory response that can already be present in MCI subjects, thus providing a mean for detecting this at-risk status and allow an anticipated intervention.
Concentration-Dependent Activity of Hydromethylthionine on Cognitive Decline and Brain Atrophy in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Schelter Bjoern O. , Shiells Helen , Baddeley Thomas C. , Rubino Christopher M. , Ganesan Harish , Hammel Jeffrey , Vuksanovic Vesna , Staff Roger T. , Murray Alison D. , Bracoud Luc , Riedel Gernot , Gauthier Serge , Jia Jianping , Bentham Peter , Kook Karin , Storey John M.D. , Harrington Charles R. , Wischik Claude M. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Although hydromethylthionine is a potent tau aggregation inhibitor, no difference was found in either of two Phase III trials in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) comparing doses in the range 150–250 mg/day with 8 mg/day intended as a control. Objective: To determine how drug exposure is related to treatment response. Methods: A sensitive plasma assay for the drug was used in a population pharmacokinetic analysis of samples from 1,162 of the 1,686 patients who participated in either of the Phase III trials with available samples and efficacy outcome data. Results: There are steep concentration-response relationships for steady state plasma levels in the range 0.3–0.8 ng/ml at the 8 mg/day dose. Using a threshold based on the lower limit of quantitation of the assay on Day 1, there are highly significant differences in cognitive decline and brain atrophy in patients with above threshold plasma levels, both for monotherapy and add-on therapy, but with effect sizes reduced by half as add-on. Plasma concentrations in the range 4–21 ng/ml produced by the high doses are not associated with any additional benefit. Conclusions: Hydromethylthionine has pharmacological activity on brain structure and function at the 8 mg/day dose as monotherapy or as add-on to symptomatic treatments. This combined with a plateau at higher doses is consistent with the lack of dose-response seen in the Phase III trials. Treatment benefit is predicted to be maximal at 16 mg/day as monotherapy. A placebo-controlled trial in mild/moderate AD is now ongoing to confirm efficacy at this dose.
Bergenin Ameliorates MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease by Activating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ji Yangfei , Wang Dan , Zhang Boai , Lu Hong 
Published: October 2019

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease, second only to Alzheimer’s disease, with motor disorders and cognitive impairment. Bergenin (Berg), extracted from the herb of Saxifrage stolonifera Curt. (Hu-Er-Cao), has anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and neuroprotective properties. Objective: In this study, we wanted to investigate the effects of Berg on PD and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to introduce PD symptoms in mice. The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine, and Iba-1 were examined. The levels of a series of inflammatory mediators were measured by qPCR. In addition, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was investigated to illustrate the underlying mechanism. In vitro, PC12 cells subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were treated with Berg. Results: We found that MPTP injection introduced motor deficits, apoptosis of neurons and inflammation, as well as inhibited the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, Berg treatment suppressed the MPTP-induced alterations. In vitro, Berg attenuated the cytotoxic effects on PC12 cells induced by the culture supernatants derived from LPS-induced microglial cells. Conclusion: Berg attenuated the PD symptoms via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
Overfitting, robustness, and malicious algorithms: A study of potential causes of privacy risk in machine learning
Authors: Yeom Samuel , Giacomelli Irene , Menaged Alan , Fredrikson Matt , Jha Somesh 
Published: October 2019

Machine learning algorithms, when applied to sensitive data, pose a distinct threat to privacy. A growing body of prior work demonstrates that models produced by these algorithms may leak specific private information in the training data to an attacker, either through the models’ structure or their observable behavior. This article examines the factors that can allow a training set membership inference attacker or an attribute inference attacker to learn such information. Using both formal and empirical analyses, we illustrate a clear relationship between these factors and the privacy risk that arises in several popular machine learning algorithms. We find that overfitting is sufficient to allow an attacker to perform membership inference and, when the target attribute meets certain conditions about its influence, attribute inference attacks. We also explore the connection between membership inference and attribute inference, showing that there are deep connections between the two that lead to effective new attacks. We show that overfitting is not necessary for these attacks, demonstrating that other factors, such as robustness to norm-bounded input perturbations and malicious training algorithms, can also significantly increase the privacy risk. Notably, as robustness is intended to be a defense against attacks on the integrity of model predictions, these results suggest it may be difficult in some cases to simultaneously defend against privacy and integrity attacks.
Congenital dengue in a Saudi neonate: A case report
Authors: Alallah J. , Mohtisham F. , Saidi N. , Almehdar A. , Anees A. , Sallout A. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness with 100 million new cases occurring worldwide. The vectors involved are mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue infection is associated with maternal as well as fetal morbidities, like stillbirth, preterm birth, and low birth weight. THE CASE: We report a case of dengue fever occurring during early pregnancy and subsequent congenital neurologic malformation in the neonate as a result of vertical transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first case of confirmed congenital dengue in Saudi Arabia. DISCUSSION: Dengue infection is not commonly associated with congenital anomalies and no biologic mechanism has yet been established for its teratogenicity. Congenital dengue in neonates can be confirmed by identification of the dengue virus in cord blood samples. The positive dengue serology within the first week of life, together with the confirmed maternal dengue infection during pregnancy, supports the diagnosis of vertical transmission in the presence of clinical manifestations. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and close monitoring is needed in these cases.
WHAT DO TEENAGERS PARENTS KNOW ABOUT DRUG USE AND HOW DO THEY UNDERSTAND PREVENTING IT?
Authors: Costin Alina , Bran Liliana Renate 
Published: October 2019

Introduction On one hand, drug use has become an extremely welcomed subjectbecause it „needs to be”, and because it has to be treated seriously; on the otherhand, it is addressed to with great ignorance among all the actors directly involvedin handling this phenomenon. The problem of drug use, with all the dimensions ofit, must take care of this behavior and it can be classified as mental healthproblems, which will have multiple consequences for their care in the healthplan. Literature has already become a classic, such as Learning Theories(Bandura, 1986, Skinnere, Thorndike, etc.), Family-Based Theories and SystemicApproach (Waldrom, 1998), and more recent works by Stephen J. Bahr, John P.Hoffmann, Xiaoyan Yang, stresses the role of the family in building childprotection factors for substance use.
Purpose. The purpose of this research is to investigatethe parents of the high school students in Arad Municipality regarding theinformation they have about drugs, their perception related to their child'srelationship with drugs and how they "treat" this topic.Design The qualitative information we want to obtain has imposed a specificdesign for qualitative research. The study is descriptive and has a practicalorientation- it was carried out between June and September 2019.Methodology We have created 8 focus groups with parents of high schoolstudents with different demographic characteristics (level of education, religion,provenance, family status) and we have made 3 profound interviews for eachcategory of people we have selected.
Results This paper presents the preliminary qualitative results of a study that is still in progress. The focus groups carried out indicates that the vast majority of parents treat this topic of consumptionsuperficially. Their parenting principle is based on building a strong, positive andopen relationship, but the child is a fundamental premise in preventing any deviatbehavior. But they have as a parenting principle that to build a strong positive, open anddialogue relationship, but the child, which is a fundamental premise in preventingany deviant behavior.
Originality and Limitations The originality of this study and why it was realised is dueto the lack of information upon this subject, at least in this city, Arad, and the mainlimitations consit in the imposibility of generating the conclusions regarding thewhole population concerned.