bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro-Oxidative and Proinflammatory Effects After Traveling From Los Angeles to Beijing
Authors: Lin Yan , Ramanathan Gajalakshmi , Zhu Yifang , Yin Fen , Rea Nolan D. , Lu Xinchen , Tseng Chi-Hong , Faull Kym F. , Yoon Alexander J. , Jerrett Michael , Zhu Tong , Qiu Xinghua , Araujo Jesus A. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Exposure to air pollution increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Preventing chronic cardiovascular diseases caused by air pollution relies on detecting the early effects of pollutants on the risk of cardiovascular disease development, which is limited by the lack of sensitive biomarkers. We have previously identified promising biomarkers in experimental animals but comparable evidence in humans is lacking.

Methods:
Air pollution is substantially worse in Beijing than in Los Angeles. We collected urine and blood samples from 26 nonsmoking, healthy adult residents of Los Angeles (mean age, 23.8 years; 14 women) before, during, and after spending 10 weeks in Beijing during the summers of 2014 and 2015. We assessed a panel of circulating biomarkers indicative of lipid peroxidation and inflammation. Personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of combustion-originated air pollutants, was assessed by urinary PAH metabolite levels.

Results:

Urinary concentrations of 4 PAH metabolites were 176% (95% CI, 103% to 276%) to 800% (95% CI, 509% to 1780%) greater in Beijing than in Los Angeles. Concentrations of 6 lipid peroxidation biomarkers were also increased in Beijing, among which 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid levels reached statistical significance (false discovery rate <5%), but not 8-isoprostane (20.8%; 95% CI, −5.0% to 53.6%). The antioxidative activities of paraoxonase (−9.8%; 95% CI, −14.0% to −5.3%) and arylesterase (−14.5%; 95% CI, −22.3% to −5.8%) were lower and proinflammatory C-reactive protein (101%; 95% CI, 3.3% to 291%) and fibrinogen (48.3%; 95% CI, 4.9% to 110%) concentrations were higher in Beijing. Changes in all these biomarkers were reversed, at least partially, after study participants returned to Los Angeles. Changes in most outcomes were associated with urinary PAH metabolites (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:
Traveling from a less-polluted to a more-polluted city induces systemic pro-oxidative and proinflammatory effects. Changes in the levels of 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid as well as paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in the blood, in association with exposures to PAH metabolites, might have important implications in preventive medicine as indicators of increased cardiovascular risk caused by air pollution exposure.
Gross Negligence Manslaughter and the Delivery of Healthcare: A Time for Change?
Authors: Samanta Jo , Samanta Ash 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Manslaughter caused by gross negligence is a common law offence that has long existed in English jurisdiction. Although circumstances and context can be highly influential in determining the outcome of inadvertent errors, English law does not permit sufficient consideration of such issues. The recent and controversial case of R v. Bawa-Garba is used to illustrate some of the central issues that are pertinent to the debate. We examine some of the key considerations that mitigate against punishment alone from being the optimal response to death caused by gross negligence during healthcare delivery. Instead we suggest that a broader focus on patient safety and the public interest is called for to ensure safe systems of work by enhancing organisational accountability and the promotion of professional and institutional duty of candour. We conclude by offering positive proposals for change.
Collective Emotions in Celebratory, Competitive, and Conflictual Contexts: Exploring the Dynamic Relations between Group-Based and Collective Pride and Shame
Authors: Sullivan Gavin Brent , Day Chris R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pride and shame are typically viewed as diametrically opposed but dynamically related personal emotions that also occur in group-based and collective forms. Building upon seminal work by Cooley and Scheff to explain the generation and manifestation of these emotions in the imaginations and everyday realities of people’s social-relational individual and group lives, our analysis addresses contemporary developments in social and psychological science (Collins, Mackie & Smith, Reicher & Neville, Skey, Sullivan, von Scheve & Ismer, Wetherell), by highlighting patterns of complex, dynamic relations between occurrences of group-based pride, group-based shame, collective pride and collective shame in prototypical group contexts of celebration, competition and conflict. Our novel analysis includes underexplored group agency and performative details and we argue that mixtures of negative group pride and anger evident in collective hubris or contempt and some forms of aggression directed towards other groups are not necessarily produced by repression of collective shame.
Happy, Stressed, and Angry: A National Study of Teachers’ Emotions and Their Management
Authors: Patulny Roger , Bellocchi Alberto , Mills Kathy A. , McKenzie Jordan , Olson Rebecca E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The teaching profession offers meaningful, stimulating work that accords with teachers’ sense of professional pride and identity, but is also synonymous with high levels of stress, conflict (and associated emotions such as anger and shame) and ultimately, attrition. The degree to which teachers within a national population ‘up-manage’ the former or ‘down-manage’ the latter emotions is unknown. This study utilises new data from the Australian Survey of Emotions and Emotion Management (SEEM) to examine emotions and emotion management among teachers, and workers in comparable service roles, such as health care and customer service, in contemporary Australian society. It finds that teachers exhibit great natural happiness, but also experience and hide (through surface-acting) high levels of stress. Teachers also experience high levels of anger compared to other professions, though they usually manage this successfully through deep acting strategies. These findings imply that teachers are generally happy and professionally committed to (and proud of) their work, but at the cost of managing significant levels of stress and conflict. We discuss the implications for teacher professional development, initial teacher education and policy, and the need to investigate anger/shame dynamics and management in future research into pedagogy.
Burden of Mental, Neurological, Substance Use Disorders and Self-Harm in North America: A Comparative Epidemiology of Canada, Mexico, and the United States
Authors: Vigo Daniel , Jones Laura , Thornicroft Graham , Atun Rifat 
Published: November 2019

Objective:To estimate the burden of mental, neurological, substance use disorders and self-harm (MNSS) in Canada, Mexico, and the United States.Method:We extracted 2017 data from the Global Burden of Disease online database. Based on a previously developed framework to classify and aggregate the burden of specific disorders and symptoms, we reestimated the MNSS burden to include suicide, alcohol use, drug use, specific neurological, and painful somatic symptom disorders. We analyzed age–sex-specific patterns within and between countries.Results:The MNSS burden is the largest of all disorder groupings. It is lowest in Mexico, intermediate in Canada, and highest in the United States. Exceptions are alcohol use, bipolar, conduct disorders, and epilepsy, which are highest in Mexico; and painful somatic syndromes and headaches, which are highest in Canada. The burden of drug use disorders in the United States is twice the burden in Canada, and 7 times the burden in Mexico. MNSS become the most burdensome of all disorder groups by age 10, staying at the top until age 60, and show a distinct pattern across the lifetime. The top three MNSS disorders for men are a combination of substance use disorders and self-harm (United States), with the addition of painful somatic syndromes (Canada), and headaches (Mexico). For women, the top three are headaches and depression (all countries), drug use (United States), neurocognitive disorders (Mexico), and painful somatic syndromes (Canada).Conclusion:MNSS are the most burdensome disease grouping and should be prioritized for funding in Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
Reactions of women underscreened for cervical cancer who received unsolicited human papillomavirus self-sampling kits
Authors: Malone Colin , Tiro Jasmin A , Buist Diana SM , Beatty Tara , Lin John , Kimbel Kilian , Gao Hongyuan , Thayer Chris , Miglioretti Diana L , Winer Rachel L 
Published: November 2019

Objectives To evaluate experiences and reactions after receiving a mailed, unsolicited human papillomavirus self-sampling kit and identify psychosocial correlates of using kits. Methods Survey participants were underscreened women aged 30–64 who were mailed human papillomavirus kits as part of a pragmatic trial at Kaiser Permanente Washington, a United States integrated health care system. Six months after the mailing, we invited kit returners and non-returners to complete a web survey that measured psychosocial factors (e.g. cervical cancer/human papillomavirus knowledge, attitudes toward screening), experiences, and reactions to kits. We compared responses between kit returners and non-returners. Results Comparing 116 kit returners (272 invited) and 119 non-returners (1083 invited), we found no clinically significant differences in psychosocial factors. Overall, survey respondents showed knowledge gaps in human papillomavirus natural history (82% did not know human papillomavirus infection can clear on its own) and interpreting human papillomavirus test results (37% did not know a human papillomavirus-negative result indicates low cancer risk). Kit returners found kits convenient and easy to use (>90%). The most common reason for non-return was low confidence in ability to correctly use a kit, although many non-returners (49%) indicated that they would consider future use. Women reported low trust in human papillomavirus testing to identify women at high risk for cervical cancer (52% in returners, 42% in non-returners). Conclusions Screening programs could improve uptake and acceptability of human papillomavirus self-sampling through outreach materials that emphasize the high efficacy of human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening and educate patients about how to interpret results.
The practice and safety profile of endotracheal intubation in an emergency department: A single‐center study in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Yang WX , Fan KL , Leung LP 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:Endotracheal intubation is an essential skill of every emergency department clinician. The current practice of emergency intubation in the emergency departments in China and its safety is largely unknown. This study aimed at evaluating the practice and the safety profile of emergency intubation in an emergency department in Shenzhen.Methods:This study was of retrospective design. It was conducted in the emergency department of a university affiliated hospital. All patients requiring emergency intubation from 1 January 2017 to 30 June 2018 were recruited. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics of patients and characteristics of intubations were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 128 patients were analyzed. Patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were most common. Airway protection for patency was the most common indication of intubation. Most intubations were performed by emergency department staff with direct laryngoscopy. The first attempt success rate was 93.8%. Serious adverse events were rare.Conclusion:The practice of endotracheal intubation in the emergency department is in line with international ones. The safety profile is good. A national registry of emergency airway management is recommended.
Is there an association between congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and cesarean delivery?
Authors: Alakus Mehmet Fuat , Dag Umut , Balsak Selahattin , Erdem Seyfettin , Oncul Hasan , Akgol Sedat , Diri Halit 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to research the relationship between types of birth and congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Method: The study enrolled 665 infantile patients with prediagnosis of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to associated ophthalmic symptoms. Age, gender, family history, delivery type, and patient medical records were investigated. Patients were grouped and compared according to their birth type and whether it was the first birth. Results: The number of the infants with and without congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction was 227 (34.1%) and 438 (65.9%), respectively. Comparison of the congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and non-congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction groups according to the first births showed that ratio of cesarean section was significantly higher in the congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction group than the non- congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction group (58.7% and 20.7%, respectively). Number with positive family history also was significantly higher in the congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction group. Conclusion: Cesarean section in first birth and positive family history of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction appear to be important risk factors in the etiopathogenesis of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Support from next of kin and nurses are significant predictors of long-term adherence to treatment in post-PCI patients
Authors: Kähkönen Outi , Kyngäs Helvi , Saaranen Terhi , Kankkunen Päivi , Miettinen Heikki , Oikarinen Anne 
Published: November 2019

Background: Adherence to treatment is a crucial factor in preventing the progression of coronary heart disease. More evidence of the predictors of long-term adherence is needed. Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictive factors of adherence to treatment six years after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Baseline data ( n=416) was collected in 2013 and follow-up data in 2019 ( n=169) at two university hospitals and three central hospitals in Finland. The self-reported Adherence of Patients with Chronic Disease Instrument was used. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The respondents reported higher adherence to a healthy lifestyle six years after percutaneous coronary intervention in comparison to four months post-percutaneous coronary intervention; adherence was seen in their healthy behaviour, such as decreased smoking and reduced alcohol consumption. Participating in regular follow-up control predicted adherence. Support from next of kin predicted physical activity and normal cholesterol levels; this outcome was associated with close relationships, which also predicted willingness to be responsible for treatment adherence. Women perceived lower support from nurses and physicians, and they had more fear of complications. Fear was more common among respondents with a longer duration of coronary heart disease. Physical activity and male gender were associated with perceived results of care. Conclusion: Support from next of kin, nurses and physicians, results of care, responsibility, fear of complication and continuum of care predicted adherence to treatment in long term. These issues should be emphasised among women, patients without a close relationship, physically inactive and those with a longer duration of coronary heart disease.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation-enhanced rehabilitation is associated with not only motor but also somatosensory cortical plasticity in chronic stroke patients: an interventional study
Authors: Tashiro Syoichi , Mizuno Katsuhiro , Kawakami Michiyuki , Takahashi Osamu , Nakamura Takuya , Suda Mabu , Haruyama Koshiro , Otaka Yohei , Tsuji Tetsuya , Liu Meigen 
Published: November 2019

Background: Somatosensory function has been frequently overlooked in clinics and research in the field of chronic stroke. The effects of neurorehabilitation interventions on sensory processing have still to be investigated using electrophysiological means. This study investigated the effect of hybrid assistive neuromuscular dynamic stimulation (HANDS) therapy utilizing closed-loop electromyography-controlled neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), on sensory changes and cortical plasticity among patients with chronic stroke. Methods: This study was a prespecified analysis of 23 participants involved in an ongoing large interventional study. Patients with severe upper limb hemiplegia dues to chronic stroke underwent 3 weeks of inpatient HANDS therapy, where daily treatment consisted of 8 h of NMES combined with wrist splinting, 90 min of comprehensive occupational therapy, and the practice of bimanual activities of daily living. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and functional sensory assessments, including the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test (SWMT) and thumb localizing test (TLT), were compared pre and post-treatment. Results: While no significant recovery of tactile sensation was observed, significant improvements in proprioception and motor function were induced. The number of cortical peaks significantly increased in the median nerve, but not in the tibial nerve. A total of 9 out of 11 participants who initially lacked certain peaks responded to treatment. Further analysis revealed a significant improvement in latency and amplitude of SEP peaks. Conclusions: Our results suggest that NMES-based neurorehabilitation induces certain plastic changes in the primary sensory cortex and in cortices associated with sensorimotor processing in people with chronic stroke sequelae, which may explain the observed improvements in proprioception.
Improvement in VO2peak predicts readmissions for cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Mikkelsen Nicolai , Cadarso-Suárez Carmen , Lado-Baleato Oscar , Díaz-Louzao Carla , Gil Carlos P , Reeh Jacob , Rasmusen Hanne , Prescott Eva 
Published: November 2019

Background Improvement in exercise capacity is a main goal of cardiac rehabilitation but the effects are often lost at long-term follow-up and thus also the benefits on prognosis. We assessed whether improvement in VO2peak during a cardiac rehabilitation programme predicts long-term prognosis. Methods and results We performed a retrospective analysis of 1561 cardiac patients completing cardiac rehabilitation in 2011–2017 in Copenhagen. Mean age was 63.6 (11) years, 74% were male and 84% had coronary artery disease, 6% chronic heart failure and 10% heart valve replacement. The association between baseline VO2peak and improvement after cardiac rehabilitation and being readmitted for cardiovascular disease and/or all-cause mortality was assessed with three different analyses: Cox regression for the combined outcome, for all-cause mortality and a multi-state model. During a median follow-up of 2.3 years, 167 readmissions for cardiovascular disease and 77 deaths occurred. In adjusted Cox regression there was a non-linear decreasing risk of the combined outcome with higher baseline VO2peak and with improvement of VO2peak after cardiac rehabilitation. A similar linear association was seen for all-cause mortality. Applying the multi-state model, baseline VO2peak and change in VO2peak were associated with risk of a cardiovascular disease readmission and with all-cause mortality but not with mortality in those having an intermediate readmission for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion VO2peak as well as change in VO2peak were highly predictive of future risk of readmissions for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The predictive value did not extend beyond the next admission for a cardiovascular event.
The yield of respiratory viruses detection testing is age-dependent in children with acute otitis media
Authors: Marom Tal , Fellner Avital , Hirschfeld Ze’ev , Lazarovitch Tzilia , Gavriel Haim , Muallem-Kalmovich Limor , Pitaro Jacob 
Published: November 2019

Background: Studies of nasopharyngeal secretions serve as reliable surrogate to evaluate the involvement of viruses in acute otitis media (AOM) and upper/lower respiratory tract infections (URIs/LRIs). We explored nasopharyngeal viral studies from children with uncomplicated AOM and examined their cost-effectiveness in relation to their age. Methods: We identified children aged 0–6 years admitted to our pediatrics department in a university-affiliated, secondary hospital with uncomplicated AOM and concurrent URI/LRI between 2012 and 2017, during October–April, when viral studies are performed. Studies were performed either using antigen detection tests, for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A/B (2012–2016) and for a variety of other common respiratory viruses, utilizing multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays (2017). Results: A total of 249 children were included (median age: 15 months). In 88 (35%) children, viral studies were positive, most of them in children ⩽24 months (78, 89%). RSV was positive in 52 (59%) children, followed by influenza A and B, in 11 (13%) and 5 (6%) children, respectively. First year switch to a molecular assay, 4.5-fold more expensive, resulted in a statistically significant higher yield: 69% positive results in ⩽24 months, and 66% in those aged ⩽12 months ( p < 0.05). In those ⩽24 months, US$23 and US$95 were spent for one positive test in the antigen detection years and the polymerase chain reaction year, respectively, whereas in those >24 months, US$83 and US$878 were invested for one positive test in the same year, respectively. Conclusion: In cost-effectiveness terms, the greatest benefit of nasopharyngeal studies was highest in children ⩽24 months.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum in Dental Caries
Authors: Newton J.T. , Awojobi O. , Nasseripour M. , Warburton F. , Di Giorgio S. , Gallagher J.E. , Banerjee A. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To determine the difference in level of dental caries in adults and children who chew sugar-free gum (SFG), compared with those who do not chew SFG or use alternatives such as lozenges, candies, rinses, tablets, and other nonchewing controls. Methods: Systematic review of published literature. Results: Twelve studies of interventions of SFG for dental caries outcomes were included. SFGs were found to significantly reduce caries increment, giving a preventative fraction (PF) of 28% (95% CI, 7% to 48%). Including the 8 trials that used xylitol gum only as the basis of the intervention, the PF was 33% (95% CI, 4% to 61%). No adverse effects were recorded. There was a high level of heterogeneity among the trials included. Conclusion: The findings of this review provide tentative evidence that chewing SFG reduces caries increment in comparison to nonchewing controls. However, there is a considerable degree of variability in the effect and the trials included were generally of moderate quality. There is a need for future research to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the use of SFG as a public health intervention (PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018094676). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians when deciding how best to implement dental caries prevention regimes for their patients. With consideration of cost and patient preference, this information could help to develop national policy directives on caries prevention and dictate the direction of future clinical research.