bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Ca3Sn2S7 Chalcogenide Perovskite: A Graphene‐Like Semiconductor with Direct Bandgap 0.5 eV and Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility 6.7 × 104 cm2 V−1 s−1
Authors: Du Juan , Shi Jun‐jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGraphene, a star 2D material, has attracted much attention because of its unique properties including linear electronic dispersion, massless carriers, and ultrahigh carrier mobility (104–105 cm2 V−1 s−1). However, its zero bandgap greatly impedes its application in the semiconductor industry. Opening the zero bandgap has become an unresolved worldwide problem. Here, a novel and stable 2D Ruddlesden–Popper‐type layered chalcogenide perovskite semiconductor Ca3Sn2S7 is found based on first‐principles GW calculations, which exhibits excellent electronic, optical, and transport properties, as well as soft and isotropic mechanical characteristics. Surprisingly, it has a graphene‐like linear electronic dispersion, small carrier effective mass (0.04 m0), ultrahigh room‐temperature carrier mobility (6.7 × 104 cm2 V−1 s−1), Fermi velocity (3 × 105 m s−1), and optical absorption coefficient (105 cm−1). Particularly, it has a direct quasi‐particle bandgap of 0.5 eV, which realizes the dream of opening the graphene bandgap in a new way. These results guarantee its application in infrared optoelectronic and high‐speed electronic devices.
TEMPO‐Mediated Synthesis of N‐(Fluoroalkyl)imidazolones via Reaction of Imidazoles with Iodofluoroacetate
Authors: Chen Jia‐Hao , Ahmed Wasim , Li Ming‐Hua , Li Zhao‐Dong , Cui Zi‐Ning , Tang Ri‐Yuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report a TEMPO‐mediated oxidative copper‐catalyzed synthesis of N‐(fluoroalkyl)imidazolones via the radical addition of imidazoles with iodofluoroacetate. A possible key intermediate involving TEMPO was observed by ESI‐MS. We also found that aerobic oxidation conditions were effective for the transformation in the presence of a copper catalyst, enabling access to a number of N‐(fluoroalkyl)imidazolones in moderate to good yields.magnified image
Silver(I) Triflate‐Catalyzed Protocol for the Post‐Ugi Synthesis of Spiroindolines
Authors: Zaman Manzoor , Hasan Muhammad , Peshkov Anatoly A. , Van Hecke Kristof , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Pereshivko Olga P. , Peshkov Vsevolod A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA silver(I) triflate‐catalyzed protocol for the post‐Ugi synthesis of tetracyclic spiroindolines has been developed. The protocol worked best for indole‐3‐carbaldehyde‐derived Ugi adducts obtained using anilines and 3‐aryl propiolic acids. Thus, it is complementary to the previous cationic gold‐catalyzed procedure that was developed for analogues Ugi substrates derived from aliphatic amines and 3‐alkyl propiolic acids. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that under our new settings this domino Friedel‐Crafts ipso cyclization / imine trapping process could be efficiently combined with the preceding four‐component Ugi reaction into a two‐step one‐pot transformation.magnified image
The Vice Chair of Education in Emergency Medicine: A Workforce Study to Establish the Role, Clarify Responsibilities, and Plan for Success
Authors: Papanagnou Dimitrios , Messman Anne M. , Branzetti Jeremy , Diemer Gretchen , Hobgood Cherri , Hopson Laura R. , Regan Linda , Zhang Xiao C. , Gisondi Michael A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesDespite increasing prevalence in emergency medicine (EM), the vice chair of education (VCE) role remains ambiguous with regard to associated responsibilities and expectations. This study aimed to identify training experiences of current VCEs, clarify responsibilities, review career paths, and gather data to inform a unified job description.MethodsA 40‐item, anonymous survey was electronically sent to EM VCEs. VCEs were identified through EM chairs, residency program directors, and residency coordinators through solicitation e‐mails distributed through respective listservs. Quantitative data are reported as percentages with 95% confidence intervals and continuous variables as medians with interquartiles (IQRs). Open‐ and axial‐coding methods were used to organize qualitative data into thematic categories.ResultsForty‐seven of 59 VCEs completed the survey (79.6% response rate); 74.4% were male and 89.3% were white. Average time in the role was 3.56 years (median = 3.0 years, IQR = 4.0 years), with 74.5% serving as inaugural VCE. Many respondents held at least one additional administrative title. Most had no defined job description (68.9%) and reported no defined metrics of success (88.6%). Almost 78% received a reduction in clinical duties, with an average reduction of 27.7% protected time effort (median = 27.2%, IQR = 22.5%). Responsibilities thematically link to faculty affairs and promotion of the departmental educational mission and scholarship.ConclusionGiven the variability in expectations observed, the authors suggest the adoption of a unified VCE job description with detailed responsibilities and performance metrics to ensure success in the role. Efforts to improve the diversity of VCEs are encouraged to better match the diversity of learners.
Distinct and convergent consequences of splice factor mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Madan Vikas , Li Jia , Zhou Siqin , Teoh Weoi Woon , Han Lin , Meggendorfer Manja , Malcovati Luca , Cazzola Mario , Ogawa Seishi , Haferlach Torsten , Yang Henry , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by recurrent somatic alterations often affecting components of RNA splicing machinery. Mutations of splice factors SF3B1, SRSF2, ZRSR2 and U2AF1 occur in >50% of MDS. To assess the impact of spliceosome mutations on splicing and to identify common pathways/genes affected by distinct mutations, we performed RNA‐sequencing of MDS bone marrow samples harboring spliceosome mutations (including hotspot alterations of SF3B1, SRSF2 and U2AF1; small deletions of SRSF2 and truncating mutations of ZRSR2), and devoid of other common co‐occurring mutations. We uncover the landscape of splicing alterations in each splice factor mutant MDS and demonstrate that small deletions in SRSF2 cause highest number of splicing alterations compared with other spliceosome mutations. Although the mis‐spliced events observed in different splice factor mutations were largely non‐overlapping, a subset of genes, including EZH2, were aberrantly spliced in multiple mutant groups. We also verified aberrant splicing of key genes USP9X, USP24 (deubiquitinating enzymes), LUC7L2 (splice factor) and EED (PRC2 component) in MDS harboring small deletions of SRSF2. Pathway analysis revealed that mis‐spliced genes in different mutant groups were enriched in RNA splicing and transport as well as several signaling cascades, suggesting converging biological consequences downstream of distinct spliceosome mutations. Our study reveals splicing signatures of each splice factor mutation and identifies shared and distinct sets of mis‐spliced genes and affected biological processes in different spliceosome mutant MDS.
Divergent Synthesis of Bicyclic Iminosugars: Preparation of (−)‐Swainsonine‐Based Alkaloids and Their Inhibition Study towards α‐Human Mannosidases
Authors: Chen Wei‐An , Sayyad Ashik , Chen Chiao‐Wen , Chen Yu‐Hsin , Cheng Ting‐Jen R. , Cheng Wei‐Chieh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA divergent and concise route to synthesize bicyclic iminosugars, especially polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine and indolizidine‐based molecules, was described. Six natural product‐like bicyclic alkaloids including (−‐Swainsonine were conveniently prepared through this straightforward method. The key steps are diastereoselective allylation, ring size manipulation through hydroboration‐oxidation strategy and systematic installation of the amino functionality at the C8 position using nitrone chemistry. These Swainsonine analogues were applied for inhibition study against both α‐hLM and α‐hGMII. Interestingly, the C8 hydroxyl group with proper orientation plays a crucial role for inhibitory activities. The compounds possessing the C8 amino group drastically decrease their inhibitory activities.
Newly designed bioanode for glucose/O2 biofuel cells to generate renewable energy
Authors: Korkut Seyda , Kiliç Muhammet Samet , Hazer Baki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐vinylferrocene) was synthesized and used for the first time in a biofuel cell design. Bioanaode enzyme glucose oxidase and biocathode enzyme bilirubin oxidase were physically immobilized onto the copolymer‐modified electrodes. Characterization studies were conducted by scanning electron microscopy, carbon‐13, fourier transform infrared and hydrogen‐1 nuclear magnetic resonance, and cyclic voltammograms. The designed biofuel cell was operated with linear sweep voltammetry. The maximum current was at 45°C with 120 μg of polymer amount. An improved power density of 323 μW cm−2 that is higher than other ferrocene‐based fuel cells was obtained with 10‐mM glucose at 0.4 V with the designed bioanode.
Multi‐agent consensus for distributed power dispatch with load balancing
Authors: Hanada Kenta , Wada Takayuki , Masubuchi Izumi , Asai Toru , Fujisaki Yasumasa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA weighted averaging consensus algorithm over a noisy network is considered for a distributed power dispatch with load balancing. The availability of the communication among dispatching agents is represented as a network that is assumed to be a directed, balanced, and a weakly connected graph with no self loop. A simple representation of the consensus algorithm is given by using its graph Laplacian. The convergence analysis of the algorithm reveals an explicit relation between the number of iterations and the closeness of the agreement in terms of the characteristic values of the graph Laplacian, which gives a stopping rule for the consensus algorithms.
Recent Advances of Using Ionic Liquids for Biopolymer Extraction and Processing
Authors: Mahmood Hamayoun , Moniruzzaman Muhammad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe evolution of petroleum‐derived polymers is one of the crowning accomplishments of the past century. Although the significant economic gains from this industrial model of resource utilization are achieved, the environmental impacts are fatal. One of the principles of sustainable development is to replace such polymers with potential alternatives derived from renewable materials. Biopolymers derived from natural resources afford a new, versatile, environmentally benign feedstock that could exhibit closed‐loop life cycles as part of a future material's industrial ecology. However, the solubility and processability of biopolymer materials provoke a serious bottleneck owing to their dense networks of inter ‐ and intramolecular bondings and structural heterogeneity. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising green solvents and acquired augmented appreciation for their peerless power of biopolymer processing. Among the fourteen principle of green chemistry, the two key elements encourage the exploitation of renewable raw materials by using environmentally benign solvents that cover in dissolution of biopolymers using ILs. This mini review represents a brief overview of the comprehensive ILs assisted extraction and processing of various biopolymeric materials for value‐added applications.
Enhanced functional recombinant factor IX production by human embryonic kidney cells engineered to overexpress VKORC1
Authors: Pakdaman Seyyedeh Fatemeh , Vatandoost Jafar , Bos Mettine H. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReplacement therapy with recombinant drugs is the main therapeutic strategy for hemophilia B patients. To reduce the production costs of recombinant coagulation factors, improvement of their expression and activity by enhancement of γ‐carboxylation might be of interest. The expression and functional activity of vitamin K‐dependent (VKD) coagulation proteins rely, in part, on the VKD process of γ‐carboxylation that is mediated by the enzymes γ‐carboxylase and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). Since the recombinant production of VKD proteins is hampered by the inefficiency of this enzymatic process, we specifically have examined the stable expression of functional blood coagulation factor IX (FIX) in HEK293 cells following transient overexpression of VKORC1 as an important part of VKOR component. Recombinant hFIX‐producing human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells were transfected to overexpress VKORC1. Following reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis, expression efficiency of the active hFIX was analyzed by performing enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and coagulation test. In addition, to quantify γ‐carboxylated recombinant FIX, the barium citrate method was used. Overexpression of VKORC1 in FIX‐producing HEK cells, resulting in a 3.2‐fold higher expression of functional FIX, which displayed a 1.4‐fold enhanced specific activity. Moreover, a 3.9‐fold enhanced recovery of fully γ‐carboxylated FIX following barium citrate adsorption was achieved. Collectively, these findings indicate that the overexpression of VKORC1 results in the production of higher levels of functional hFIX in HEK293 cells. The increase of the VKORC1 as a supplier of γ‐carboxylase seems to play a significant role in increasing the amount and efficiency of recombinant FIX production, thereby reducing the production costs.
Difficult to change? The differences between successful and not‐so‐successful participation in anger management groups
Authors: Shepherd Gary , Cant Matthew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough much is known about the importance of anger management programmes, little has been written on the self‐reported differences in experience between people who feel they have been successful and those who feel less successful in their change efforts.Research aimThis research aimed to explore the reported differences in experiences between men who had reduced their angry behaviours and men who had been less able to reduce their anger.MethodPhenomenological research was carried out using data from the weekly ‘check‐in’ process of six male participants enrolled on one of two 10‐week mindfulness‐based anger management programmes. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Key FindingsMen who reported successfully lowering their anger developed an improved bodily awareness, the ability to calm other people down in tense situations and possessed a determination to continue the course ‘homework’ exercises. Men who reported less success seemed to be in ‘emotionally stuck’ states, found it difficult to change their perceptions of threatening situations and had problems continuing their homework practice.ConclusionMen who struggle to manage their anger may have deeper developmental issues preventing them from changing their angry responses. The authors recommend that in order to help such men, new anger theory and practice be developed, informed by the notion of narcissism.
Assessing gluten strength with a new small‐scale LASRC method useful for soft wheat breeding programs
Authors: Karaduman Yaşar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe gluten strength of soft wheat breeding materials can be categorized according to various quality tests. While weak gluten in flours is typically required for the production of soft‐dough biscuits, extensible dough with medium gluten strength is required from flours suitable for the production of other types of biscuits. Genotypes that have high gluten strength are ordinarily eliminated from soft wheat breeding programs. Therefore, small‐scale quality test methods that can predict the gluten strength of genotypes, especially in the early stages of breeding, are highly desirable. In the present study, the effectiveness and efficiency of a small‐scale lactic acid solvent retention capacity (LASRC) test, as a potential simplified means to evaluate gluten strength for soft wheat breeding programs, were investigated.FindingsSoft wheat genotypes grown in different locations were categorized by the LASRC values of their flours. GlutoPeak, Mixolab, farinograph, mixograph, Zeleny sedimentation, and glutenin swelling index test results were also used for comparison, in order to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of LASRC. LASRC test results successfully discriminated between soft‐/weak‐ and hard‐/strong‐dough groups, but were sometimes less successful in discriminating between hard‐/strong‐ and medium‐strong‐dough groups. Mixograph development time and area, farinograph stability and degree of softening, Mixolab stability, GlutoPeak AM value, and Zeleny sedimentation parameters all showed strong correlations with LASRC.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that new a small‐scale LASRC has potential as a simplified, rapid, and effective small‐sample test.Significance and noveltyThis LASRC small‐sample flour test can be recommended for predicting gluten strength, especially for early‐generation selection of soft wheat breeding materials.
Modeling of cancer photothermal therapy using near‐infrared radiation and functionalized graphene nanosheets
Authors: Wang Yijuan , Leng Sha , Huang Jigang , Shu Mingyang , Papavassiliou Dimitrios V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotothermal therapy using near‐infrared radiation and local heating agents can induce selective tumor ablation with limited harm to the surrounding normal tissue. Graphene sheets are promising local heating agents because of their strong absorbance of near‐infrared radiation. Experimental studies have been conducted to study the heating effect of graphene in photothermal therapy, yet few efforts have been devoted to the quantitative understanding of energy conversion and transport in such systems. Herein, a computational study of cancer photothermal therapy using near‐infrared radiation and graphene is presented using a Monte Carlo approach. A three‐dimensional model was built with a cancer cell inside a cube of healthy tissue. Functionalized graphene nanosheets were randomly distributed on the surface of the cancer cell. The effects of the concentration and morphology of the graphene nanosheets on the thermal behavior of the system were quantitatively investigated. The interfacial thermal resistance around the graphene sheets, which affects the transfer of heat in the nanoscale, was also varied to probe its effect on the temperature increase of the cancer cell and the healthy tissue. The results of this study could guide researchers to optimize photothermal therapy with graphene, while the modeling approach has the potential to be applied for investigating alternative treatment plans.
Vedolizumab for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Two‐Year Results of the Initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC) Registry, A Nationwide Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Biemans Vince B.C. , van der Woude C. Janneke , Dijkstra Gerard , van der Meulen‐de Jong Andrea E. , Oldenburg Bas , de Boer Nanne K. , Löwenberg Mark , Srivastava Nidhi , Bodelier Alexander G.L. , West Rachel L. , Jansen Jeroen M. , de Vries Annemarie C. , Haans Jeoffrey J.L. , de Jong Dirk J. , Pierik Marie J. , Hoentjen Frank 
Published: November 2019

Prospective data of vedolizumab treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) beyond 1 year of treatment is scarce but needed for clinical decision making. We prospectively enrolled 310 patients with IBD (191 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 119 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC)) with a follow‐up period of 104 weeks (interquartile range: 103–104) in a nationwide registry. The corticosteroid‐free clinical remission rate (Harvey Bradshaw Index ≤ 4, Short Clinical Colitis Activity index ≤ 2) at weeks 52 and 104 were 28% and 19% for CD and 27% and 28% for UC, respectively. Fifty‐nine percent maintained corticosteroid‐free clinical remission between weeks 52 and 104. Vedolizumab with concomitant immunosuppression showed comparable effectiveness outcomes compared with vedolizumab monotherapy (week 104: 21% vs. 23%; P = 0.77), whereas 8 of 13 severe infections occurred in patients treated with concomitant immunosuppression. To conclude, the clinical effect was 19% for CD and 28% for UC after 2 years of follow‐up regardless of concomitant immunosuppression.
Bayesian mechanistic modeling characterizes Gulf of Mexico hypoxia: 1968–2016 and future scenarios
Authors: Del Giudice Dario , Matli V. R. R. , Obenour Daniel R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico is among the most dramatic examples of impairments to aquatic ecosystems. Despite having attracted substantial attention, management of this environmental crisis remains challenging, partially due to limited monitoring to support model development and long‐term assessments. Here, we leverage new geostatistical estimates of hypoxia derived from nearly 150 monitoring cruises and a process‐based model to improve characterization of controlling mechanisms, historic trends, and future responses of hypoxia while rigorously quantifying uncertainty in a Bayesian framework. We find that November–March nitrogen loads are important controls of sediment oxygen demand, which appears to be the major oxygen sink. In comparison, only ~23% of oxygen in the near‐bottom region appears to be consumed by net water column respiration, which is driven by spring and summer loads. Hypoxia typically exceeds 15,600 km2 in June, peaks in July, and declines below 10,000 km2 in September. In contrast to some previous Gulf hindcasting studies, our simulations demonstrate that hypoxia was both severe and worsening prior to 1985, and has remained relatively stable since that time. Scenario analysis shows that halving nutrient loadings will reduce hypoxia by 37% with respect to 13,900 km2 (1985–2016 median), while a +2°C change in water temperature will cause a 26% hypoxic area increase due to enhanced sediment respiration and reduced oxygen solubility. These new results highlight the challenges of achieving hypoxia reduction targets, particularly under warming conditions, and should be considered in ecosystem management.