bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Early Career Great Lakes Scientists for Effective Engagement and Impact
Authors: Hunnell Jennifer , Triezenberg Heather , Doberneck Diane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFreshwater systems worldwide are increasingly facing complex environmental issues. In the Laurentian Great Lakes region, harmful algal blooms are one example spanning agriculture, municipal drinking water, science and monitoring, water quality, and human health. Addressing these challenges and working across stakeholder interests requires sound science and additional skills that are not necessarily taught to graduate students in the apprentice research model. Effective stakeholder engagement and science communication are two areas consistent with emphases on broader impacts from the National Science Foundation, information and dissemination of the National Institutes of Health, and community engagement of the National Institutes of Health's Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The lack of training in these areas creates a gap for outreach, engagement, and science communication training to help enable researchers to translate important science to influential stakeholders, policy makers, and members of the public. To address this gap, we held a Community‐Engaged Scholarship Workshop for graduate students and early career faculty. The workshop used an established community‐engagement framework and was tailored to address the complex environmental issue of harmful algal blooms. It addressed four community‐engagement competencies, including community‐engaged partnerships, community‐engaged teaching and learning, community‐engaged research, and science communications. Here, we report evaluation results on changes in these four competencies and participant satisfaction. We conclude with a discussion of potential improvements and next steps for those seeking to host similar community‐engaged trainings.
Association of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene polymorphism with the effects of weight reduction therapy on bodyweight and glycolipid profiles in obese patients
Authors: Yamakage Hajime , Konishi Yousuke , Muranaka Kazuya , Hotta Kikuko , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Morisaki Hiroko , Morisaki Takayuki , Satoh‐Asahara Noriko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionWeight reduction therapy is the primary treatment to prevent complications of obesity, such as lifestyle diseases and cardiovascular disease; however, to date, useful methods and genetic factors for predicting the outcomes of weight reduction therapy in obese patients have not been established. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator for insulin and leptin signaling, potentially modulates glucose and energy homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of PTPN1 polymorphisms on weight reduction and diabetes in obese Japanese patients.Materials and MethodsPTPN1‐tagged single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3787348 and rs6067484 were genotyped in 447 obese Japanese patients from the general population. In this prospective cohort study, all obese patients underwent a 3‐month weight reduction therapy with lifestyle modifications, as recommended by guidelines.ResultsIn obese patients (male/female 196/251, age 50 ± 15 years, body mass index [BMI] 32 ± 6 kg/m2), the minor allele appeared at a frequency of 45.5% in rs3787348 SNP of the PTPN1 gene. The T allele of rs3787348 was significantly associated with a higher BMI (P = 0.041 in the additive model). The patients with the T allele in SNP rs3787348 of PTPN1 had significantly smaller reductions in BMI, bodyweight and waist circumference levels during weight reduction therapy (BMI G/G, −1.9 ± 0.2; G/T, −1.5 ± 0.1; T/T, −1.2 ± 0.1; P = 0.001 in the additive model).ConclusionsOur findings show that the SNP rs3787348 in PTPN1 was associated with the effects of weight reduction therapy on BMI and waist circumference among obese Japanese patients.
2D and 3D patient's representation of simulated restorative esthetic outcomes using different computer‐aided design software programs
Authors: Piedra‐Cascón Wenceslao , Fountain Joshua , Att Wael , Revilla‐León Marta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo review the techniques and available 2D and 3D computer‐aided design (CAD) software programs to perform a diagnostic waxing for restorative procedures when cone beam computed tomography is not indicated.OverviewAn electronic review was performed in Medline, Embase, and Scopus search engines. A manual search was also conducted. The articles evaluating methods to obtain a 2D or 3D patient's representation for restorative dental procedures were included. A total of 33 articles were included for full text review. CAD programs provide the capability to integrate facial features from 2D photographs or 3D facial scans and facilitate facially driven digital diagnostic waxing procedures. Diagnostic and design tools varied among the programs, and multiple technique descriptions were found. However, the literature evaluating the accuracy of virtual patients and the perception variations between the 2D and 3D dimensional representations is limited.ConclusionsThe integration of digital technologies into treatment planning procedures introduce variation into the conventional interfaces; however, the concepts remain the same. Further studies are needed to evaluate the accuracy of the virtual representations and the influence of the type of dimensional representation on the esthetic perceptions among dental professionals.Clinical significanceThe 2D and 3D CAD software programs facilitate the integration of facial features into digital diagnostic waxing procedures; however, the esthetic perception of the patient's virtual representation might vary among the different systems.
Coastal sharks and rays in a marine protected area in southernBrazil
Authors: Santos Paulo R. S. , Alves Marcelo N. , Severo Magnus M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn southern Brazil, we investigated shark and ray capture records in an integral protection marine protection area (MPA) that allows fishing in that area. We found 10 shark and nine ray species, of which 88.5% and 66.2%, respectively, are endangered. Female adults and neonates of both sexes are abundant in the area, with records of stranding of large specimens, postcapture abortions and ovigerous capsules with fresh embryos on the beach. We suggest the application of continuous fisheries monitoring and an increase in guidelines on the capture of endangered species.
Sustainable use of biowaste for synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its incorporation into gelatin‐based nanocomposite films for antimicrobial food packaging applications
Authors: Kowsalya Elumalai , MosaChristas Kithiyon , Balashanmugam Pannerselvam , Manivasagan Veerasamy , Devasena Thiyagarajan , Jaquline Chinna Rani Inbaraj 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiodegradable nanocomposite films have been developed by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the gelatin biopolymer matrix for food packaging applications. AgNPs were biologically synthesized using industrial food waste, namely, cassava tuber peels. The cassava peels mediated synthesized AgNPs exhibited a maximum absorbance peak at 434.4 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy results revealed spherical shaped particles with a size range of 10–45 nm. The presence of elemental silver and crystalline nature of AgNPs was confirmed by Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyzes. AgNPs showed significant antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the films showed the successful incorporation of AgNPs into the gelatin matrix. AgNPs integration has demonstrated improvement in the mechanical and barrier properties of nanocomposite films. The gelatin–AgNPs nanocomposite films have resulted in an excellent notable increase in the shelf life of sapodilla fruits. This confirms that the gelatin–AgNPs nanocomposite films are ideal for the food packaging industry to extend the shelf life of packaged food.Practical applicationsThe use of silver nanoparticles as an antimicrobial in the field of food technology has been of great interest in recent years. The present study highlights the importance of the use of industrial food waste for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its incorporation into the gelatin matrix for the preparation of thin nanocomposite film. Gelatin–AgNPs nanocomposite film showed enhanced UV‐shielding and antimicrobial properties, which increased the shelf life of sapodilla fruits. AgNPs incorporated gelatin nanocomposite film could prove to be an effective antimicrobial food packaging material and an efficient way to extend the post‐harvest life of food.
Predictor of self‐efficacy in individuals with chronic disease: Stress‐coping strategies
Authors: Bakan Gulcan , Inci Fadime Hatice 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the relationship between stress‐coping strategies of individuals with chronic diseases and their self‐efficacy.BackgroundSelf‐efficacy and coping with stress in chronic diseases affect the course of the disease.DesignThe sample of this methodological study consisted of 178 patients who were hospitalised in a university hospital between November 2017 and November 2018.MethodsData were collected by the face‐to‐face interview method using a Patient Information Form, Stress‐Coping Styles Scale and Self‐Efficacy Scale. This study followed STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsThe study found that there was a strong relationship between patients’ coping strategies and their self‐efficacies and that the variables that predict self‐efficacy in order of importance were self‐confident approach (β = .41), the helpless approach (β = −0.24) and the submissive approach (β = −0.15), respectively. The study also found that the optimistic approach and the seeking social support approach had no significant contribution to the model.ConclusionsThe most important predictor of self‐efficacy in individuals with chronic disease was the self‐confident approach, which was one of the problem‐oriented coping strategies. Therefore, patients should be taught to use effective methods to cope with stress to increase their self‐efficacy, and their self‐confidence should be supported.Relevance to clinical practiceIn individuals with chronic disease, self‐efficacy has an important role to get better psycho‐social adaptation. To determine patients’ self‐efficacy levels and predictors will guide nursing initiatives.
Antenatal counselling of congenital surgical anomalies: A decade of experience in a local tertiary centre
Authors: Fung Adrian Chi Heng , Kan Anita Sik Yau , Chung Patrick HY , Shek Noel Wing Man , Chan Ivy Hau Yee , Wong Kenneth Kak Yuen 
Published: January 2021

AimThis study reviewed the experience of a tertiary paediatric surgery and obstetric centre on prenatal counselling of congenital surgical anomalies and to explore the role of paediatric surgeons on perinatal outcomes of antenatally detected anomalies.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all antenatal consultations and subsequent medical records after birth were performed between 2009 and 2018. Data including timing of consultations, gestations at birth, birthweight, impact on obstetrics management, neonatal mortality and need of surgery were included.ResultsA total of 256 fetuses were diagnosed to have congenital surgical anomalies on antenatal ultrasound. The most common were urogenital (31%) and thoracic (30%) anomalies. Twelve of the 256 (4.7%) had multiple anomalies. The mean gestation at referral was 23 ± 5 weeks. The majority (85.4%) were born at term. Mode and timing of delivery was altered in 7% of patients. Four received fetal intervention after surgical consultation. Termination of pregnancy rate was 5.4% (n = 14). Neonatal death was reported in 7.8% of the cohort.ConclusionCongenital surgical anomalies had a significant impact on perinatal outcome as well as morbidity in later infancy and childhood. A multidisciplinary approach in managing pregnancy with these anomalies should be implemented. Combined‐specialty consultations and counselling deliver valuable information for parents.
Motivational Mechanisms Underlying Second Language Achievement: A Regulatory Focus Perspective
Authors: Papi Mostafa , Khajavy Gholam Hassan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe tested a theoretical model that integrated regulatory focus, second language (L2) self‐guides, anxiety and enjoyment, eager and vigilant L2 use, and L2 achievement. We collected data from 324 students learning English as a foreign language. Structural equation modeling results showed that (a) the promotion focus positively predicted ideal selves, whereas the prevention focus negatively predicted ought selves; (b) ideal self/own predicted enjoyment positively and anxiety negatively, ought self/other and ideal self/other predicted anxiety positively, and ought self/own positively predicted vigilant L2 use; (c) enjoyment predicted eager L2 use positively and vigilant L2 use negatively, whereas anxiety predicted vigilant L2 use positively; and finally (d) eager L2 use positively and vigilant L2 use negatively predicted achievement. The findings suggest that a promotion‐oriented approach to language learning and teaching might lead to more adaptive motivational, emotional, and behavioral patterns, which in turn contribute to language learning success. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed.
Perceived insufficient milk among primiparous, fully breastfeeding women: Is infant crying important?
Authors: Mohebati Lisa M. , Hilpert Peter , Bath Sarah , Rayman Margaret P. , Raats Monique M. , Martinez Homero , Caulfield Laura E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBreastfeeding mothers often report perceived insufficient milk (PIM) believing their infant is crying too much, which leads to introducing formula and the early abandonment of breastfeeding. We sought to determine if infant crying was associated with reported PIM (yes/no) and number of problems associated with lactation (lactation problem score [LPS] 6‐point Likert scale) before formula introduction. Primiparous breastfeeding mothers were recruited at birth and visited at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Among those fully breastfeeding at 1 week (N = 230), infant crying variables based on maternal reports were not associated with PIM at 1 week, but LPS was. However, a mother's expectation that her infant would cry more than other infants was associated with increased odds of reporting PIM at 2 and 4 weeks, as were delayed onset of lactation and previous LPS. At 1 week, crying variables (frequency, difficulty in soothing) were associated with LPS along with percent weight change. Delayed onset of lactation, infant care style, number of breastfeeds and previous LPS were longitudinally associated with change in LPS from 1 to 2 weeks and 2 to 4 weeks. Our data suggest that reported infant crying is associated with PIM and LPS in the first 4 weeks of life. Guidance on what to expect in crying behaviour and the impact of infant care style may be beneficial in reducing PIM and LPS in the first month.
Estimating principal plane positions for ocular power calculations in children and adults
Authors: Rozema Jos J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop an age‐dependent model to estimate the positions of the ocular and lenticular principal planes (pps) for use in ocular and axial power calculations.MethodsOcular power of the eye (Peye) and axial power (Pax) were calculated based on previously published average data of the ocular biometry and refraction in newborn infants, children and adults, as well as the associated pp positions. Next, regressions of the pp positions were made as a function of the logarithm of age, which were subsequently used to estimate Peye and Pax. These regression‐based estimates were compared with the original data for validation. Finally, this procedure was repeated using the Atchison myopic eye model to determine the influence of myopia on the regression estimates.ResultsIn adults, the corneal pps almost coincide at 0.058 mm in front of the cornea. The first lenticular pp position relative to the corneal apex is described by the equation: 5.809 – 0.697·exp(−0.211·Age) (r2 = 0.96), and the second lenticular pp by 6.026 – 0.684·exp(−0.232·Age) (r2 = 0.95). The first ocular pp position relative to the corneal apex is at 0.293·exp(−0.232·Age) – 2.2·10−3·Age + 1.723 (r2 = 0.99) and the second ocular pp is located at 0.392·exp(−0.181·Age) – 2.4·10−3·Age + 2.093 (r2 = 0.99). Estimates of Peye and Pax derived from these regressions led to minor differences from the original values (0.00 ± 0.06D and 0.00 ± 0.10D, respectively). These errors were not affected by ocular refraction between −10D and 0D, with errors of + 0.12 ± 0.00D and −0.02 ± 0.05D for Peye and Pax, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed regression models of the pp positions are sufficiently accurate to estimate Peye and Pax reliably. Interestingly, although the adult lens undergoes considerable physiological changes, its pps remain fixed with respect to the corneal apex.
Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasonic Bone Curette‐assisted Dome‐like Laminoplasty in the Treatment of Cervical Ossification of Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Sun Baifeng , Xu Chen , Wu Shenshen , Zhang Yizhi , Wu Huiqiao , Qi Min , Shen Xiaolong , Yuan Wen , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of ultrasonic bone curette‐assisted dome‐like laminoplasty in the treatment of ossification of longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involving C2.MethodsA total of 64 patients with OPLL involving C2 level were enrolled. Thirty‐eight patients who underwent ultrasonic bone curette‐assisted dome‐like laminoplasty were defined as ultrasonic bone curette group (UBC), and 28 patients who underwent traditional high‐speed drill‐assisted dome‐like laminoplasty were defined as high‐speed drill group (HSD). Patient characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), symptomatic duration, and other information like the type of OPLL, the time of surgery, blood loss, C2–C7 Cobb angle change and complications were all recorded and compared. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, the nerve root functional improvement rate (IR), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess neurological recovery and pain relief. The change of the distance between the apex of ossification and a continuous line connecting the anterior edges of the lamina was measured to assess the spinal expansion extent. The measured data were statistically processed and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software, and the measurement data were expressed as mean ± SD.ResultsIn ultrasonic bone curette (UBC) group and high‐speed drill group (HSD) group, the average time for laminoplasty was 52.3 ± 18.2 min and 76.0 ± 21.8 min and the mean bleeding loss volume was 155.5 ± 41.3 mL and 177.4 ± 54.7 mL, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. Both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in neurological function. However, the VAS score in UBC group was lower than in HSD group at the 6‐month follow‐up (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference at 1‐year follow‐up. We found that the loss of lordosis was 1.5° ± 1.0° in UBC group, which is significantly lower than that of HSD group at 1‐year follow‐up (3.8° ± 1.2°, P < 0.05). According to the change of canal dimension, we found that the expansion extent of the spinal canal in UBC group was similar to that of HSD group (P > 0.05). Only one patient in the UBC group and five patients in the HSD group displayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakag.ConclusionsWith the use of ultrasonic bone curette in OPLL dome‐like decompression, the decompression surgery could be completed relatively safely and quickly. It effectively reduced the amount of intraoperative blood loss and complications, and had better initial recovery of neck pain.
Endobronchial coil spring fiducial markers for CyberKnife® stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Casutt Alessio , Noirez Leslie , Bernasconi Maurizio , Koutsokera Angela , Beigelman‐Aubry Catherine , Kinj Rémy , Ozsahin Esat‐Mahmut , Durham André‐Dante , von Garnier Christophe , Lovis Alban 
Published: January 2021

We assessed for the first time the safety and efficacy of bronchoscopically inserted cs‐FM for CyberKnife® SBRT delivery. We show that this technique is safe and resulted in a very high PPL tracking rate enabling optimal SBRT delivery.See Cover ImageSee related Editorial
Convergent Validity of CR100-Based Session Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Elite Youth Football Players of Different Ages
Authors: Serpiello Fabio R. , Hopkins Will G. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To assess the convergent validity of internal load measured with the CR100 scale in youth football players of 3 age groups. Methods: A total of 59 players, age 12–17 years, from the youth academy of a professional football club were involved in this study. Convergent validity was examined by calculating the correlation between session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE) and Edwards load, a commonly used load index derived from the heart rate, with the data originating from 1 competitive season. The magnitude of the relationship between sRPE and Edwards load was obtained with weighted mean correlations and by assessing the effect of the change of the Edwards load on sRPE. Differences between the individuals’ intercepts and slopes were assessed by interpreting the SD representing the random effects (player identity and the interaction of player identity and scaled Edwards load). Probabilistic decisions about true (infinite sample) magnitudes accounting for sampling uncertainty were based on 1-sided hypothesis tests of substantial magnitudes, followed by reference Bayesian analysis. Results: Very high relationships exist between the sRPE and Edwards load across all age groups, with no meaningful differences in the magnitudes of the relationships between groups. Moderate to large differences between training sessions and games were found in the slopes of the relationships between the sRPE and Edwards load in all age groups. Finally, mostly small to moderate differences were observed between individuals for the intercepts and slopes of the relationships between the sRPE and Edwards load. Conclusion: Practitioners working in youth team sports can safely use the CR100 scale to track internal load.