bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resequencing of 297 melon accessions reveals the genomic history of improvement and loci related to fruit traits in melon
Authors: Liu Shi , Gao Peng , Zhu Qianglong , Zhu Zicheng , Liu Hongyu , Wang Xuezheng , Weng Yiqun , Gao Meiling , Luan Feishi 
Published: June 2020

SummaryDomestication and improvement are two important stages in crop evolution. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important vegetable crop with wide phenotypic diversity in many horticultural traits, especially fruit size, flesh thickness and aroma, which are likely the results of long‐term extensive selection during its evolution. However, selective signals in domestication and improvement stages for these remarkable variations remain unclear. We resequenced 297 wild, landrace and improved melon accessions and obtained 2 045 412 high‐quality SNPs. Population structure and genetic diversity analyses revealed independent and two‐step selections in two subspecies of melon: ssp. melo and ssp. agrestis during melon breeding. We detected 233 (~18.35 Mbp) and 159 (~17.71 Mbp) novel potential selective signals during the improvement stage in ssp. agrestis and spp. melo, respectively. Two alcohol acyltransferase genes (CmAATs) unique to the melon genome compared with other cucurbit crops may have undergone stronger selection in ssp. agrestis for the characteristic aroma as compared with other cucurbits. Genome‐wide association analysis identified eight fruit size and seven flesh thickness signals overlapping with selective sweeps. Compared with thin‐skinned ssp. agrestis, thick‐skinned ssp. melo has undergone a stronger selection for thicker flesh. In most melon accessions, CmCLV3 has pleiotropic effects on carpel number and fruit shape. Findings from this study provide novel insights into melon crop evolution, and new tools to advance melon breeding.
Genome‐wide association study identifies CDH13 as a susceptibility gene for rhododendrol‐induced leukoderma
Authors: Okamura Ken , Abe Yuko , Naka Izumi , Ohashi Jun , Yagami Akiko , Matsunaga Kayoko , Kobayashi Yui , Fukai Kazuyoshi , Tanemura Atsushi , Katayama Ichiro , Masui Yukiko , Ito Akiko , Yamashita Toshiharu , Nagai Hiroshi , Nishigori Chikako , Oiso Naoki , Aoyama Yumi , Araki Yuta , Saito Toru , Hayashi Masahiro , Hozumi Yutaka , Suzuki Tamio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRacemic RS‐4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐butanol (rhododendrol; trade name: Rhododenol [RD]), which is used in topical skin‐lightening cosmetics, was unexpectedly reported in Japan to induce leukoderma or vitiligo called RD‐induced leukoderma (RIL) after repeated application. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated chemical‐induced vitiligo pathogenesis on a genome‐wide scale. Here, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for 147 cases and 112 controls. CDH13, encoding a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein called T‐cadherin (T‐cad), was identified as the strongest RIL susceptibility gene. RD sensitivity was remarkably increased by T‐cad knockdown in cultured normal human melanocytes. Furthermore, we confirmed tyrosinase upregulation and downregulation of the anti‐apoptotic molecules (BCL‐2 and BCL‐XL), suggesting that T‐cad is associated with RD via tyrosinase or apoptotic pathway regulation. Finally, monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone sensitivity also tended to increase with T‐cad knockdown, suggesting that the T‐cad could be a candidate susceptibility gene for RIL and other chemical‐induced vitiligo forms. This is the first GWAS for chemical‐induced vitiligo, and it could be a useful model for studying the disease's genetic aspects.
Transpiration difference under high evaporative demand in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) may be explained by differences in the water transport pathway in the root cylinder
Authors: Sivasakthi K , Tharanya M , Zaman‐Allah M , Kholová J , Thirunalasundari T , Vadez V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Terminal drought substantially reduces chickpea yield. Reducing water use at vegetative stage by reducing transpiration under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), i.e. under dry/hot conditions, contributes to drought adaptation. We hypothesized that this trait could relate to differences in a genotype's dependence on root water transport pathways and hydraulics.

Transpiration rate responses in conservative and profligate chickpea genotypes were evaluated under increasing VPD in the presence/absence of apoplastic and cell‐to‐cell transport inhibitors.

Conservative genotypes ICC 4958 and ICC 8058 restricted transpiration under high VPD compared to the profligate genotypes ICC 14799 and ICC 867. Profligate genotypes were more affected by aquaporin inhibition of the cell‐to‐cell pathway than conservative genotypes, as measured by the root hydraulic conductance and transpiration under high VPD. Aquaporin inhibitor treatment also led to a larger reduction in root hydraulic conductivity in profligate than in conservative genotypes. In contrast, blockage of the apoplastic pathway in roots decreased transpiration more in conservative than in profligate genotypes. Interestingly, conservative genotypes had high early vigour, whereas profligate genotypes had low early vigour.

In conclusion, profligate genotypes depend more on the cell‐to‐cell pathway, which might explain their higher root hydraulic conductivity, whereas water‐saving by restricting transpiration led to higher dependence on the apoplastic pathway. This opens the possibility to screen for conservative or profligate chickpea phenotypes using inhibitors, itself opening to the search of the genetic basis of these differences.
Food Risks on the Web: Analysis of the 2017 Fipronil Alert in the Italian Online Information Sources
Authors: Ruzza Mirko , Tiozzo Barbara , Rizzoli Valentina , Giaretta Mosé , D'Este Laura , Ravarotto Licia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the summer of 2017, several European Union Member States were involved in a food alert caused by the presence of fipronil pesticide residues in chicken eggs. The food alert became a major news and received wide coverage both in the mass media and on the Internet. This article describes a study that analyzed how the Italian online information sources represented the fipronil alert, using web monitoring techniques and both manual and automatic content analysis methods. The results indicate that the alert was amplified because general news media could represent the alert within the frame of a political scandal, and because different social actors exploited the case. However, online information sources correctly communicated that the risks for consumers were low, reporting mainly what was officially communicated by the Italian health authorities. The study provides empirical evidence on how the online information sources represent food risks and food alerts and offers useful indications for health authorities in charge of the public communication of food risks.
Phenomenology and Perceptual Content
Authors: Laasik Kristjan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTerence Horgan and John Tienson argue that there is phenomenal intentionality, that is, “a kind of intentionality, pervasive in human mental life, that is constitutively determined by phenomenology alone”. However, their arguments are open to two lines of objection. First, Horgan and Tienson are not sufficiently clear as to what kind of content it is that they take to be determined by, or to supervene on, phenomenal character. Second, critics have objected that, for their conclusion to follow, Horgan and Tienson would first have to establish the covariation of phenomenology and intentional content, but even so, phenomenal intentionality would still emerge as less plausible than its converse, representationalism. I will address these two challenges by appeal to Husserlian ideas. A consideration of perceptual phenomenology (i.e., phenomenal character) shows that there is a kind of perceptual content that is, indeed, determined by phenomenal character. Such content is conceived in terms of fulfillment conditions, or what it takes to bring aspects of objects and scenes to different, and more complete, ways of givenness. We can establish the primacy of phenomenology, relative to such fulfillment‐conditional content, by tracing it back to the basic phenomenology of visual and other sensations.
Climate Change is Unjust War: Geoengineering and the Rising Tides of War
Authors: Fruh Kyle , Hedahl Marcus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate change is undeniably a global problem, but the situation is especially dire for countries whose territory is comprised entirely or primarily of low‐lying land. While geoengineering might offer an opportunity to protect these states, international consensus on the particulars of any geoengineering proposal seems unlikely. To consider the moral complexities created by unilateral deployment of geoengineering technologies, we turn to a moral convention with a rich history of assessing interference in the sovereign affairs of foreign states: the just war tradition. We argue that the just war framework demonstrates that, for these nations, geoengineering offers a justified form of self‐defense from an unwarranted, albeit unintentional, aggression. This startling result places our own carbon‐emitting activities in a stark new light: in perpetrating climate change, we are, in fact, waging war on the most vulnerable.
External World Skepticism, Confidence and Psychologism about the Problem of Priors
Authors: Berry Sharon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I will distinguish two varieties of external world skepticism: belief and confidence skepticism. I will argue that we can defang the intuitive motivations for confidence skepticism (though not a meeker “argument from might,” which got some attention in the twentieth century literature on external world skepticism) by adopting a partially psychologistic answer to the problem of priors. And I will argue that certain recent work in the epistemology of mathematics and logic provides independent support for such psychologism.
Chronotypes and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time at midlife
Authors: Nauha Laura , Jurvelin Heidi , Ala‐Mursula Leena , Niemelä Maisa , Jämsä Timo , Kangas Maarit , Korpelainen Raija 
Published: June 2020

Morning, day, or evening chronotypes differ by the circadian timing of alertness and the preferred timing of sleep. It has been suggested that evening chronotype is associated with low physical activity (PA) and high sedentary time (SED). Our aim was to investigate whether such an association is confirmed by objectively measured PA and SED. In 46‐year follow‐up of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study, total PA (MET min/day) and SED (min/day) among 5156 participants were determined using wrist‐worn accelerometers for 14 days. We used the shortened Morningness‐Eveningness Questionnaire to define participants' chronotypes. As covariates, we used self‐reported physical strenuousness of work, health, and demographics, and clinical measures. We used adjusted general linear models (B coefficients with 95% confidence intervals, CI) to analyze how chronotype was related to total PA or SED. As compared to evening chronotype, men with day and morning chronotypes had higher total PA volumes (adjusted B 75.2, 95% CI [8.1, 142.4], P = .028, and 98.6, [30.2, 167.1], P = .005). Men with day and morning chronotypes had less SED (−35.8, [−53.8, −17.8], P < .0001, and −38.6, [−56.9, −20.2], P < .0001). Among women, morning chronotype was associated with higher total PA (57.8, [10.5, 105.0], P = .017), whereas no association between chronotype and SED emerged. Evening chronotype was associated with low objectively measured PA in both sexes and with high SED in men, even after adjustments for established potential confounders. Chronotype should be considered in PA promotion.
COVID‐19 and Alternative Conceptualisations of Value and Risk in GPN Research
Authors: Bryson John R. , Vanchan Vida 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic represents a major disturbance that has rippled across the world’s population, states, economy, and central nervous system or global production networks transforming the traditional roles of states, firms, individuals/consumers, and geographies of production. This paper offers a critical and context‐based approach to understanding globalization and localization by challenging the conceptualization of ‘value’ and ‘risk’ within the current global production networks framework as well as identifying key operational strategies in risk management and national security. An analysis of the adaptation strategies of the GPNs of 91 companies identifies the role played by four different forms of value in configuring production networks. This is to balance ‘economic value’ with non‐price‐based sources of value and alternative values. The analysis underscores the critical role of the state in ensuring national and human security as well as its increasing power as a key actor in GPNs and the global economy.
A place for place: Modelling and analysing platial representations
Authors: Westerholt René , Mocnik Franz‐Benjamin , Comber Alexis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis editorial presents a special collection of papers addressing the concept of place and its use in geographical information science (GIScience). The concept of place is a topic of increasing interest among GIScience scholars. First attempts to formalise platial information have been made and it is increasingly held that user‐generated data sets in particular are often more platial than spatial in nature. At the same time, and especially when compared to geometric spatial concepts, the concept of place is ambiguous, complex and difficult to capture in formal and analytical terms, suggesting the need for interdisciplinary approaches. This collection presents articles covering a wide range of place‐related aspects, including both conceptual and more applied contributions. In the present editorial we summarise these and comment on their individual contributions, and hope that the readership of Transactions in GIS will find the special collection inspiring and informative.
Social media discourses of Arabism and the negotiation of Self in the Middle East
Authors: Sarkhoh Nadia , KhosraviNik Majid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPositioned within and contributing to the body of scholarship around Social Media Critical Discourse Studies (SM‐CDS) and as part of a larger research project examining digitally mediated discourses of regional/national(ist) identity within ‘social media paradigm of communication’ (KhosraviNik, 2017a), the current paper explores various discursive manifestations of an imagined pan‐Arab identity in a body of user‐generated content on digital platforms. The paper aims to integrate social media theories with critical discourse studies to explore the linguistic, technological, and argumentative aspects of an under‐researched conflict in the Middle East by investigating bottom‐up discursive practices. Confronted with the hegemony of English in scholarly publishing and the challenges of recontextualizing source texts especially in cross language qualitative research, the paper also sheds some light on translation challenges and their implications on data analysis and interpretation.
Detection of spatial, temporal and space‐time Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium clusters in Ontario in 2015, and comparisons to known outbreaks
Authors: Paphitis Katherine , Pearl David L. , Berke Olaf , McEwen Scott A. , Trotz‐Williams Lise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeSalmonellosis is one of several reportable diseases in Ontario (ON). Two or more cases of the same serotype that are linked to a common exposure or related to one another in time and/or space are considered a potential outbreak. While laboratory data can help to determine the molecular relatedness of cases, results may take up to several weeks. This study aimed to assess the utility of the retrospective spatial scan statistic in detecting clusters of Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium cases using data from ON in 2015. Identified clusters were validated by laboratory data (where available) to determine whether identified clusters were likely outbreaks.MethodsData representing the location of each reported S. Heidelberg or S. Typhimurium case in 2015, responsible serotype and symptom onset date were exported to SaTScan for retrospective spatial, temporal, and space‐time analyses using the spatial scan statistic with Bernoulli models and a space‐time permutation model. Analyses were performed with and without those cases linked to known outbreaks. Laboratory subtyping data (i.e. pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and/or phage type) and food and environmental exposure information (e.g. travel, animal contact, poultry and other food item consumption) were used to explore the relatedness of cases within identified clusters.ResultsSpatial, temporal and space‐time analyses identified a known outbreak of S. Heidelberg in 2015 (n = 9 cases) and a previously unidentified cluster of S. Heidelberg cases. Most cases (94%) within a cluster detected via a space‐time permutation model of S. Heidelberg cases shared an identical PFGE pattern and appeared to represent a true outbreak.ConclusionsThe spatial scan statistic, and particularly the space‐time permutation model, could assist in outbreak identification before laboratory data are available, allowing for faster cluster identification and implementation of control measures.
Effects of Temperature on the Time-Varying Mesh Stiffness, Vibration Response, and Support Force of a Multi-Stage Planetary Gear
Authors: Liu Hui , Yan Pengfei , Gao Pu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The thermal deformation of gears will affect the vibration of the planetary system; this research mainly studied the effect of thermal conditions on planetary systems nonlinear vibration under the thermal equilibrium state. To study the influence of gear temperature on the planetary gear system, a nonlinear dynamic model considering thermal deformation was established. The mathematical expression of the thermal time-varying mesh stiffness (TTVMS) varied with temperature, and the backlash caused by the temperature change was also computed. The influence of temperature on the TTVMS was investigated. The calculation results indicated that the methods used to determine the TTVMS and backlash of gear pairs were effective, and the trends of the change in the nonlinear dynamic characteristics with temperature were obtained. According to the fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrums and root-mean-square (RMS) analysis, the influence of temperature change on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system was analyzed. When the temperature was lower than 80 °C, the vibration displacement and the supporting shaft load remained unchanged or decreased. Once the temperature was higher than 80 °C, the vibration displacement and load of the system were strengthened.
A Study of Hole-Entry Grooved Surface Hybrid Spherical Journal Bearing Operating With Electrorheological Lubricant
Authors: Tomar Adesh Kumar , Sharma Satish C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The performances of the tribo-pairs are greatly influenced by introducing the grooved surfaces. Developments of the newer type of lubricants have made a great impact on the performance of fluid film bearings. This article investigates the non-Newtonian behavior of electrorheological lubricant on the performance of grooved hybrid spherical journal bearing. The effect of different arrangements of grooves, i.e., partially grooved or fully grooved on the bearing surface, has been studied. The finite element method is used to numerically simulate the results. Furthermore, a parametric study is performed for optimizing the groove attributes. The present work demonstrates that the different grooved arrangements have a substantial influence on the bearing performance. It is revealed that the provision of grooves on the bearing surface decreases frictional losses and enhances the stiffness coefficients of the bearing. Furthermore, numerically simulated results indicate that the electrorheological lubricant enhances the value of minimum fluid film thickness and the stiffness coefficients (S¯xxandS¯yy) of spherical hybrid journal bearing. Improved bearing performance can be achieved by using the optimized grooved attributes together with the electrorheological lubricant.
Kinematically Identical Manipulators Derivation for the 2-RPU + UPR Parallel Manipulator and Their Constraint Performance Comparison
Authors: Hu Bo , Shi Dongsheng , Xie Tengfei , Hu Bibo , Ye Nijia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper derives the kinematically identical manipulators (KIMs) of the 2-RPU + UPR parallel manipulators (PMs) and performs a comparison study among them. Based on the principle for deriving KIMs, ten non-overconstrained and 12 overconstrained KIMs of the 2-RPU + UPR PMs are derived. The 2-RPU + UPR PM and its KIMs has identical kinematics but different constraints. On the basis of motion/force transmission indices, the optimal design of the 2-RPU + UPR PM and its KIMs is carried out and the optimal parameters are obtained. With the optimal parameters and the definition of constraint performance, their constraint performances are compared. The comparison study with the 2-RPU + UPR PM and its KIMs is helpful for obtaining the optimal architectures among them.
Automated Generation of Fault Scenarios to Assess Potential Human Errors and Functional Failures in Early Design Stages
Authors: Irshad Lukman , Demirel H. Onan , Tumer Irem Y. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Human errors are attributed to a majority of accidents and malfunctions in complex engineered systems. The human error and functional failure reasoning (HEFFR) framework was developed to assess potential functional failures, human errors, and their propagation paths during early design stages so that more reliable systems with improved performance and safety can be designed. In order to perform a comprehensive analysis using this framework, a wide array of potential failure scenarios need to be tested. Coming up with such use cases that can cover a majority of faults can be challenging for engineers. This research aims overcome this limitation by creating a use case generation technique that covers both component- and human-related fault scenarios. The proposed technique is a time-based simulation that employs a modified depth first search (DFS) to simulate events as the event propagation is analyzed using HEFFR at each time-step. The results show that the proposed approach is capable of generating a wide variety of fault scenarios involving humans and components. Out of the 15.4 million scenarios that were found to violate the critical function, two had purely human-induced faults, 163,204 had purely non-human-induced faults, and the rest had a combination of both. The results also show that the framework was able to uncover hard-to-detect scenarios such as scenarios with human errors that do not propagate to affect the system. In fact, 86% of all human action combinations with nominal human-induced component behaviors had underlying human errors.