bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for complex interval‐valued q‐rung orthopair fuzzy sets in decision making based on aggregation operators, AHP, and TOPSIS
Authors: Garg Harish , Ali Zeeshan , Mahmood Tahir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe interval‐valued q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set (IVq‐ROFS) and complex fuzzy set (CFS) are two generalizations of the fuzzy set (FS) to cope with uncertain information in real decision making problems. The aim of the present work is to develop the concept of complex interval‐valued q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set (CIVq‐ROFS) as a generalization of interval‐valued complex fuzzy set (IVCFS) and q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set (q‐ROFS), which can better express the time‐periodic problems and two‐dimensional information in a single set. In this article not only basic properties of CIVq‐ROFSs are discussed but also averaging aggregation operator (AAO) and geometric aggregation operator (GAO) with some desirable properties and operations on CIVq‐ROFSs are discussed. The proposed operations are the extension of the operations of IVq‐ROFS, q‐ROFS, interval‐valued Pythagorean fuzzy, Pythagorean fuzzy (PF), interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, complex q‐ROFS, complex PF, and complex intuitionistic fuzzy theories. Further, the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method are also examine based on CIVq‐ROFS to explore the reliability and proficiency of the work. Moreover, we discussed the advantages of CIVq‐ROFS and showed that the concepts of IVCFS and q‐ROFS are the special cases of CIVq‐ROFS. Moreover, the flexibility of proposed averaging aggregation operator and geometric aggregation operator in a multi‐attribute decision making (MADM) problem are also discussed. Finally, a comparative study of CIVq‐ROFSs with pre‐existing work is discussed in detail.
It takes a village to build illegality: Minorities' noncompliance as manifestation of distrust
Authors: Gofen Anat , Cohen‐Blankshtain Galit , Ibraheem Maram 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOften portrayed as social resistance fueled by authorities' discrimination and legal racism, minorities' noncompliance is considered to undermine the current order and commonly ascribed to distrust in government. To better understand noncompliance as a manifestation of distrust, this article focuses on the well‐documented violation of planning, building, and property laws among the Israeli‐Arab minority, who consistently exemplify distrust in government. Differing from current research, our analysis explores what facilitates noncompliance on‐the‐ground, draws on face‐to‐face interviews with 30 Arab‐Israeli offenders who built their houses illegally, and uses the noncompliant behavior as the unit of analysis. In contrast to the common idiosyncratic portrayal of noncompliance, illegal building emerged as depending on a threefoldcollectiveeffort: institutional, social, and practical. Uncovering collective support mechanisms for noncompliance suggests that distrust in government is compensated by trust in informal arrangements, thus raising new dilemmas around where personal responsibilities end and public ones begin.
3. FROM ENVIRONMENTAL CASE STUDY TO ENVIRONMENTAL KIN STUDY
Authors: KANNGIESER ANJA , TODD ZOE 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationships among place, knowing, and being in environmental histories. Grounding ourselves in the work of Indigenous scholars from North America and the Pacific, we propose a method of listening and attuning that can attend to the dislocation and abstraction often found in work addressing ecocide and environmental violence. Against the ubiquity of the case‐study approach, we propose a method we call “kin study,” which invites more embedded, expansive, material, and respectful relations to people and lands. This article frames the issues and then proposes, though a dialogue, how kin studies may be constituted and applied in studying environmental histories of the Pacific and Western Canada.
HISTORY WRITING WITHOUT CLOSURE
Authors: Grever Maria 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIn The Work of History: Constructivism and a Politics of the Past, Kalle Pihlainen pays tribute to Hayden White's work on narrative constructivism through a comprehensive and critical evaluation of his work. The book's seven chapters are based on previously published and reworked essays, starting with Pihlainen's 2013 essay on narrative truth and ending with his 2006 essay on the confines of the form. The Work of History is timely in light of some world political leaders’ apparent immunity to facts, their use of history, and the role of power, as Pihlainen also discusses the ethics and politics of historical constructivism (xiii). At the same time, the book is “a meta‐critical enterprise,” as White states in his foreword (x): it scrutinizes and explains White's work and its reception, including the debates on the production of knowledge, the ontological status of historiography, the various representations of history, and the kinds of audiences historians envision. Although narrative constructivism seems a bit passé, Pihlainen wants to further elaborate this theoretical approach to disentangle and explain some fundamental misconceptions about it that still exist among historians. One misconception is that constructivism inherently neglects the ethical impulse and supposedly lacks the potential for political engagement. Pihlainen urges historians and theorists to find ways of becoming politically committed in their writings and to challenge their readers to do the same.
Short‐ and medium‐term prognosis of HIV‐infected patients receiving intensive care: a Brazilian multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Andrade HB , da Silva IRF , Ramos GV , Medeiros DM , Ho YL , de Carvalho FB , Bozza FA , Japiassú AM 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe characteristics of critically ill HIV‐positive patients and the causes of their admission to intensive care units (ICUs) are only known through retrospective and unicentric studies. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap.MethodsThis is a prospective, multicentre cohort study of short‐ and medium‐term prognostic factors. The setting consisted of ICUs of three tertiary referral hospitals from the three largest metropolitan areas in Brazil in the period January 2014 to November 2015. In all, 161 HIV patients over 18 years old were included.ResultsThe clinical data of the outcomes (ICU mortality, hospital mortality and 90‐day survival) were extracted from medical records using the REDCap®️ web‐based form and analysed with the MedCalc®️ application. Median age was 41.7 [interquartile range (IQR): 34–50] years, the Simplified Acute Physiologic Score 3 (SAPS 3) was 64 (IQR: 56–74), and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA) was 6 (IQR: 4–9) points. The main causes of admission were sepsis (54.5%) and acute respiratory failure (13.7%). ICU and hospital mortality rates were 32.3% and 40.4%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, time until ICU admission ≥ 3 days (P = 0.0013), performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, P = 0.0344), coma (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8 points, P = 0.0213) and sepsis (P = 0.0003) were associated with increased hospital mortality. Coma (P = 0.0002) and sepsis (P = 0.0008) were independently associated with 90‐day survival.ConclusionsDelayed ICU admission and the severity of critical illness determine the short‐ and medium‐term mortality rates of HIV‐infected patients admitted to the ICU, rather than factors associated with HIV infection. These results suggest that prognostic factors of HIV‐infected patients in the ICU are similar to those of non‐HIV‐infected populations.
Chemical and mechanical influence of root canal irrigation on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals, dentine discs and dentinal tubules
Authors: Pereira T. C. , Dijkstra R. J. B. , Petridis X. , Sharma P.K. , van de Meer W. J. , van der Sluis L. W. M. , de Andrade F. B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the anti‐biofilm efficacy of irrigation using a simulated root canal model, the chemical effect of irrigants against biofilms grown on dentine discs and their impact on biofilm viscoelasticity, the efficacy of the irrigants in decontaminating infected dentinal tubules and the capacity of bacteria to regrow.MethodologyBiofilm removal, viscoelastic analysis of remaining biofilms and bacterial viability were evaluated using a simulated root canal model with lateral morphological features, dentine discs and a dentinal tubule model, respectively. Experiments were conducted using a two‐phase irrigation protocol. Phase 1: a modified salt solution (RISA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used at a low flow rate to evaluate the chemical action of the irrigants. Ultrasonic activation (US) of a chemically inert solution (buffer) was used to evaluate the mechanical efficacy of irrigation. Phase 2: a final irrigation with buffer at a high flow rate was performed for all groups. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), low load compression testing (LLCT) and confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis were used in the different models. One‐way analysis of variance (anova) was performed for the OCT and LLCT analysis, whilst Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon ranked tests for the dentinal tubule model.ResultsUS and high flow rate removed significantly more biofilm from the artificial lateral canal. For biofilm removal from the artificial isthmus, no significant differences were found between the groups. Within‐group analysis revealed significant differences between the steps of the experiment, with the exception of NaOCl. For the dentine discs, no significant differences regarding biofilm removal and viscoelasticity were detected. In the dentinal tubule model, NaOCl exhibited the greatest anti‐biofilm efficacy.ConclusionsThe mechanical effect of irrigation is important for biofilm removal. An extra high flow irrigation rate resulted in greater biofilm removal than US in the artificial isthmus. The mechanical effect of US seemed to be more effective when the surface contact biofilm–irrigant was small. After the irrigation procedures, the remaining biofilm could survive after a 5‐day period. RISA and NaOCl seemed to alter post‐treatment remaining biofilms.
Dental nerves: a neglected mediator of pulpitis
Authors: Zhan C. , Huang M. , Yang X. , Hou J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs one of the most densely innervated tissues, the dental pulp contains abundant nerve fibres, including sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibres. Studies in animal models and human patients with pulpitis have revealed distinct alterations in protein expression and histological appearance in all types of dental nerve fibres. Various molecules secreted by neurons, such as classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and amino acids, not only contribute to the induction, sensitization and maintenance of tooth pain, but also regulate non‐neuronal cells, including fibroblasts, odontoblasts, immune cells and vascular endothelial cells. Dental nerves are particularly important for the microcirculatory and immune responses in pulpitis via their release of a variety of functional substances. Further, nerve fibres are found to be involved in dental soft and hard tissue repair. Thus, understanding how dental nerves participate in pulpitis could have important clinical ramifications for endodontic treatment. In this review, the roles of dental nerves in regulating pulpal inflammatory processes are highlighted and their implications for future research on this topic are discussed.
The role of hydrogen sulphide signalling in macrophage activation
Authors: Sun Fei , Luo Jia‐Hui , Yue Tian‐Tian , Wang Fa‐Xi , Yang Chun‐Liang , Zhang Shu , Wang Xin‐Qiang , Wang Cong‐Yi 
Published: September 2020

SummaryHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is the latest identified small gaseous mediator enabled by its lipophilic nature to freely permeate the biological membranes. Initially, H2S was recognized by its roles in neuronal activity and vascular relaxation, which makes it an important molecule involved in paracrine signalling pathways. Recently, the immune regulatory function of gasotransmitters, H2S in particular, is increasingly being appreciated. Endogenous H2S level has been linked to macrophage activation, polarization and inflammasome formation. Mechanistically, H2S‐induced protein S‐sulphydration suppresses several inflammatory pathways including NF‐κB and JNK signalling. Moreover, H2S serves as a potent cellular redox regulator to modulate epigenetic alterations and to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in macrophages. Here in this review, we intend to summarize the recent advancements of H2S studies in macrophages, and to discuss with focus on the therapeutic potential of H2S donors by targeting macrophages. The feasibility of H2S signalling component as a macrophage biomarker under disease conditions would be also discussed.
Candida albicans and candidalysin in inflammatory disorders and cancer
Authors: Ho Jemima , Camilli Giorgio , Griffiths James S. , Richardson Jonathan P. , Kichik Nessim , Naglik Julian R. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAs our understanding of mycology progresses, the impact of fungal microbes on human health has become increasingly evident. Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that gives rise to local and systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients where it can result in mortality. However, C. albicans has also been quietly linked with a variety of inflammatory disorders, to which it has traditionally been considered incidental; recent studies may now provide new aspects of these relationships for further consideration. This review provides a novel perspective on the impact of C. albicans and its peptide toxin, candidalysin, on human health, exploring their contributions to pathology within a variety of diseases.
Saudi service users’ perceptions and experiences of the quality of their mental health care provision in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA): A qualitative inquiry
Authors: Al Mousa Yaqoub , Callaghan Patrick , Michail Maria , Caswell Glenys 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents, as part of a larger mixed‐methods design, a study generating a theoretical understanding of issues pertinent to the quality of mental health care in the KSA from the perspective of those using services. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with thirty service users admitted to inpatient psychiatric wards, using an interview guide developed by the researchers, based on relevant literature. Findings from the thematic analysis showed five themes: (1) The hospital as a prison: a custody versus care dilemma, (2) quality of interactions between staff and service users, (3) quality of services, (4) staff qualities and (5) suggestions for achieving quality of care. A theoretical model drawing upon Donabedian Health Care Model for Evaluating quality of care and the Andersen Behavioural Model of Health Service Use is evident from the data. Structural aspects of care include staff experience and qualifications and key enablers around social and financial support, service users’ health needs and status and the physical infrastructure and ward rules. These drive processes of care based upon robust rates of interaction between staff and service users and appear central to quality of mental health care in KSA. Quality of mental health care in KSA is manifested by a therapeutic ethos with a high degree of interaction between professional carers and service users, with the former being highly educated, competent, compassionate, with a high degree of self‐awareness, and specialized in mental health. We have uncovered elements of Fanon and Azoulay’s ‘Cultural Originality’ as well as contemporary examples of Goffman’s mortification of the self.
Overrepresentation of South Asian ethnic groups among cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the first phase of the 2009 pandemic in England
Authors: Trienekens Suzan C. M. , Shepherd Wendi , Pebody Richard G. , Mangtani Punam , Cleary Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the first wave of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic in England in 2009, morbidity and mortality were higher in patients of South Asian (Indian, Pakistani or Bangladeshi) ethnic minority groups.ObjectivesThis study aims to provide insights in the representation of this group among reported cases, indicating susceptibility and exposure.MethodsAll laboratory‐confirmed cases including basic demographic and limited clinical information that were reported to the FluZone surveillance system between April and October 2009 were retrieved. Missing ethnicity data were imputed using the previously developed and validated South Asian Names and Group Recognition Algorithm (SANGRA). Differences between ethnic groups were calculated using chi‐square, log‐rank and t tests and rate ratios. Geographic clustering was compared using Ripley's K functions.ResultsSANGRA identified 2447 (28%) of the total of 8748 reported cases as South Asian. South Asian cases were younger (P < .001), more often male (P = .002) and more often from deprived areas (P < .001) than cases of other ethnic groups. Time between onset of symptoms and laboratory sampling was longer in this group (P < .001), and they were less often advised antiviral treatment (P < .001), however, declined treatment less. The highest cumulative incidence was seen in the West Midlands region (32.7/10 000), London (7.0/10 000) and East of England region (5.7/10 000).ConclusionsPeople of South Asian ethnic groups were disproportionally affected by the first wave of the influenza pandemic in England in 2009. The findings presented contribute to further understanding of demographic, socioeconomic and ethnic factors of the outbreak and inform future influenza preparedness to ensure appropriate prevention and care.
Solving the winner determination problem in combinatorial auctions for fractional ownership of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Takalloo Mahdi , Bogyrbayeva Aigerim , Charkhgard Hadi , Kwon Changhyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) to consumer markets will expedite the trend of car sharing and enable co‐owning or co‐leasing a car. In this paper, we consider a combinatorial auction market for fractional ownership of AVs, which is unique in two aspects. First, items are neither predefined nor discrete; rather, items are continuous time slots defined by bidders. Second, the spatial information of bidders should be incorporated within the winner determination problem (WDP) so that sharing a vehicle is indeed a viable plan. The consideration of spatial information increases the computational complexity significantly. We formulate the WDP, which plays a critical role in various auction designs and pricing schemes, for both discrete‐ and continuous‐time settings. In terms of social welfare maximization, we show that the continuous‐time model is superior to the discrete‐time model. We provide a conflict‐based reformulation of the continuous‐time model, for which we develop an effective solution approach based on a heuristic and maximal clique based reformulations. Using samples of the 2010–2012 California Household Travel Survey, we verify that the proposed solution methods provide effective computational tools for the combinatorial auction with bidder‐defined items.
Topical cannabis‐based medicines – A novel paradigm and treatment for non‐uremic calciphylaxis leg ulcers: An open label trial
Authors: Maida Vincent , Shi Runjie B. , Fazzari Francesco G. T. , Zomparelli Lydia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNon‐Uremic Calciphylaxis (NUC) is a rare condition that often manifests as intractable and painful integumentary wounds, afflicting patients with a high burden of co‐morbidity. The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is a ubiquitous signalling system that is theorised to be dysregulated within wound beds and associated peri‐wound tissues. Preclinical research has shown that the dominant chemical classes derived from the cannabis plant, cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, interact with the integumentary ECS to promote wound closure and analgesia. This is a prospective open label cohort study involving two elderly Caucasian females with recalcitrant NUC leg ulcers of greater than 6 months duration. Topical Cannabis‐Based Medicines (TCBM) composed of cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids were applied daily to both the wound bed and peri‐wound tissues until complete wound closure was achieved. Wounds were photographed regularly, and the digital images were subjected to planimetric analysis to objectively quantify the degree of granulation and epithelization. Analgesic utilisation, as a surrogate/proxy for pain scores, was also tracked. The cohort had a mean M3 multimorbidity index score of 3.31. Complete wound closure was achieved in a mean of 76.3 days. Additionally, no analgesics were required after a mean of 63 days. The treatments were well tolerated with no adverse reactions. The positive results demonstrated in very challenging wounds such as NUC, among highly complex patients, suggest that TCBM may have an even broader role within integumentary and wound management. This treatment paradigm warrants being trialled in other wound types and classes, and ultimately should be subjected to randomised controlled trials.
Comparable, but distinct: Perceptions of primary care provided by physicians and nurse practitioners in full and restricted practice authority states
Authors: Moldestad Megan , Greene Preston A. , Sayre George G. , Neely Emily L. , Sulc Christine A. , Sales Anne E. , Reddy Ashok , Wong Edwin S. , Liu Chuan‐Fen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo understand patients’ and providers’ perceptions of primary care delivered by nurse practitioners (NPs) in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System.DesignQualitative exploratory study (in convergent mixed‐methods design).MethodsSemi‐structured interviews in 2016 with primary care providers and patients from facilities in states with full and restricted practice authority for NPs. Patient sample based on reassignment to: (a) a NP; or (b) a different physician following an established physician relationship. Data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsWe interviewed 28 patients, 17 physicians and 14 NPs. We found: (a) NPs provided more holistic care than physicians; (b) patients were satisfied with NPs; and (c) providers’ professional experience outweighed provider type.ConclusionsPatients’ preferences for NPs (compared with prior physicians) contributed to perceptions of patient centredness. Similarities in providers’ perceptions suggest NPs and physicians are both viable providers for primary care.Impact

Nurse Practitioners (NPs): practice authority

Veterans Affairs Health care: nurse practitioners will continue to be a viable resource for primary care delivery

United States Health care: challenges notions patients may not be satisfied with care provided by NPs and supports expanding their use to provide much‐needed access to primary care services; expanding Full Practice Authority would allow states to provide acceptable primary care without diminishing patient or provider experiences