bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection during late pregnancy: A Report of 18 patients from Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Lu , Dong Lan , Ming Lei , Wei Min , Li Jun , Hu Ruheng , Yang Jing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MESR), Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) spread more rapidly and widely. The population was generally susceptible. However, reports on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were very limited. By sharing the clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 18 patients with COVID-19 during late pregnancy, we hoped to provide some references for obstetric treatment and management.Methods: A total of 18 patients with COVID-19 treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, chest CT and pregnancy outcomes were performed for analysis.Results: 1. 18 cases of late pregnancy infected with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were delivered at 35 + 5 weeks to 41 weeks. According to the clinical classification of COVID-19, 1 case was mild type, 16 cases were ordinary type, and 1 case was severe type. 2. According to Imaging examinations: 15 (83%) cases showed unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, 2 (11%) cases had pulmonary infection with pleural effusion, and 1 (6%) case had no abnormal imaging changes. 8 (44%) cases were positive and 10 (56%) cases were negative for nasopharyngeal-swab tests of SARS-CoV-2. 3. Among the 18 newborns, there were 3 (17%) premature infants, 1 (6%) case of mild asphyxia, 5 (28%) cases of bacterial pneumonia, 1 (6%) case of gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 (6%) case of necrotizing enteritis, 2 (11%) cases of hyperbilirubinemia and 1 (6%) case of diarrhea. All the newborns were negative for the first throat swab test of SARS-CoV-2 after birth. 4. Follow-up to Mar 7, 2020, no maternal and neonatal deaths occurred.Conclusions: The majority of patients in late term pregnancy with COVID-19 were of ordinary type, and they less likely developed into critical pneumonia after early isolation and antiviral treatment. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected, but the proportion of neonatal bacterial pneumonia was higher than other neonatal diseases in newborns.
Transcutaneous Electrical Acupuncture Stimulation (TEAS) for gastrointestinal dysfunction in adults undergoing abdominal surgery: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bai Ya-Fan , Gao Chao , Li Wen-Jing , Du Yi , An Li-Xin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : Postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction (PGD) is a common problem after abdominal surgery. PGD can increase the length of hospital stay and may lead to serious complications. Acupuncture and moxibustion are alternative therapies for PGD that have been used in some settings. However, the effect of preventive application of acupuncture or transcutaneous electrical acupuncture stimulation (TEAS) is still uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the continuous application of TEAS on GI function recovery in adults undergoing abdominal surgery. At the same time, we will try to confirm the mechanism of TEAS through the brain-gut axis. Methods/design : This study is a prospective, single-center, two-arm, randomized controlled trial that will be performed in a general hospital. In total, 280 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were stratified by type of surgery (i.e., gastric or colorectal procedure) and randomized into two treatment groups. The experimental group will receive TEAS stimulation at L14 and PC6, ST36 and ST37. The sham group will receive pseudo-TEAS at sham acupoints. The primary outcome will be the recovery time of postoperative bowel sounds, flatus, bowel movements and the changes in perioperative brain-intestinal peptides. The secondary outcome will be postoperative pain, perioperative complications, and hospitalization duration. Discussion : The results of this study will demonstrate that continuous preventive application of TEAS can improve the GI function recovery in patients undergoing abdominal surgery and that this effect may act through brain-gut peptides.
The effective interplay of (non-) selective NSAIDs with Neostigmine in animal models of analgesia and inflammation
Authors: Gowayed Mennatallah , Abdel-Bary Amany , El-Tahan Rasha A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Surgical procedures cause perioperative immunosuppression and neuroendocrine stress, exerted by activation of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (ACHEI); neostigmine, is known clinically for its analgesic effect in the perioperative phases proving high efficacy; besides possessing anti-inflammatory properties controlling immune cells and cytokine level. Hence, this study evaluated and compared the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the combination of selective Cox-2 inhibitor; celecoxib, with neostigmine versus a combination of the non-selective Cox inhibitor; diclofenac, with neostigmine; in different experimental models of analgesia and inflammation in rats.Methods: Analgesic activity of neostigmine with/without diclofenac or celecoxib was assessed in female Sprague-Dawely rats using the tail clip model and acetic acid induced writhing. Serum level of β-endorphin was assessed after the tail clip test. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using acute and sub-chronic formalin induced paw edema. At the end of the sub-chronic formalin test, blood samples were collected for analysis of anti-inflammatory, liver and kidney function markers. Livers, kidneys and hind paws were also examined histopathologically.Results: Addition of neostigmine to selective or non-selective NSAIDs (celecoxib or diclofenac) causes an increased level of analgesia of NSAIDs with rapid onset of action and short duration, while causing potentiation of the anti-inflammatory effect of neostigmine as seen in the tail clip, writhing, formalin test, Cox-1 and Cox-2 activities, serum β-endorphin, TNF-α, NF-кB and HS-CRP. All combinations of this study disturb some kidney and liver functions, however with normal histopathological appearances, while hind paws reveal improved inflammatory infiltration in all treated groups. Conclusion: Selective and non-selective NSAIDs examined in this study could be good adjunct options to general anesthetic agents and neostigmine in perioperative stages, an outcome that needs further clinical investigations.
Optimization technology for group hole drainage of coal mining above deep high pressure and low permeability limestone aquifer
Authors: Lu Haifeng , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Manman , zhang Guifang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Drainage for decreasing water pressure is one of the effective measures to prevent and control water disaster caused of coal mining above high pressure limestone aquifer. The deep limestone aquifer in Huaibei mining area generally has the characteristics of high water pressure, low permeability and uneven water abundance so it is generally difficult to meet the requirements for single-hole drainage. In order to achieve the best drainage effect and consider the requirements of engineering quantity and environmental protection, a multi-objective group hole drainage optimization model was established, which takes the minimum of single-hole flow rate and hole number as the objective function and the requirements of drainage borehole and water level control point drawdown as the constraint conditions. And the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the model. On this basis, the influence of permeability coefficient and water storage coefficient on the calculation results was discussed. The results show that the permeability coefficient and water storage coefficient have great influence on the optimization of single-hole flow rate and the number of holes. For the low permeability aquifer, measures such as using partially penetrated well, appropriately increasing the number of drainage boreholes and reducing the single-hole flow rate have good drainage effect. And the drilling work amount and total drainage amount are relatively small. These are all good layout schemes for drainage. According to the results of optimization, the drainage of a coal face in Huaibei was guided and achieved good results.
Mercury distribution in surface soil of China is potentially driven by precipitation, vegetation cover and organic matter
Authors: Zhang Zhao-Yang , Li Gang , Yang Lei , Sun Guo-Xin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Mercury (Hg) distribution in surface soil in China is quite uneven with relatively high concentrations in southeastern China and low concentrations in northwestern China. The reason for this is inconclusive so far, especially on the continental scale. In the present study we used the multiple linear regression model to evaluate the relative importance of these different factors and elucidate the contribution on soil Hg of major factors, such as dry and wet precipitations, vegetation cover, soil organic matter and solar radiation.
Results
Wet and dry deposition associated with precipitation and vegetation cover, and emissions influenced by soil organic matter (SOM), are key factors controlling Hg distribution in surface soil. In southeast China, high wet deposition associated with south Asia monsoon and dry deposition, enhanced by vegetation canopies, together with low emission caused by high vegetated surface and solar radiation, are responsible for high Hg in soil (> 0.08 mg/kg). In northeast China, medium wet Hg deposition and high dry deposition via throughfall and litterfall, low emission due to weak solar radiation and high SOM are responsible for high Hg accumulation in soil. In northwest China, low wet deposition, together with high emission by low vegetation cover (bare soil), SOM and strong solar radiation contributed to low Hg in surface soil (< 0.03 mg/kg).
Conclusions
We suggest that wet deposition derived from Asian monsoon, dry deposition linked to vegetated surfaces and Hg emission associated with vegetation cover, SOM and solar radiation play key roles in Hg balance in other terrestrial environments worldwide, especially in those regions with significantly high wet and dry deposition and high vegetation cover.
Comparison of Laparoscopic Orchiopexy and Traditional Inguinal Incision Orchidopexy for Palpable Undescended Testes in Cryptorchidism
Authors: Gu Shaodong , Luo Hong , wang Yingxun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Laparoscopic orchidopexy (LO) has become a standard procedure for the treatment of nonpalpable undescended testes. LO for palpable undescended testes is still controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the method and effect of laparoscopic orchiopexy procedure for palpable undescended testes in children suffering from cryptorchidism.Methods A retrospective study was performed for LO and traditional inguinal incision orchidopexy(TIIO) for palpable undescended testes. Totally 220 children age ranged from 9 months to 96 months with both palpable inguinal canalicular testes were included. 170 patients received LO and 50 patients received TIIO. Patient age, operative time and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Independent t test and Fisher’s exact test were performed by SPSS 25.0 software.Results The mean operative time (30.77 ± 6.02 vs 44.76 ± 6.70 min), postoperative normal activity time (1.25 ± 0.43 vs 2.48 ± 0.68 day) of LO was significantly shorter than TIO group. (P < 0.05). 47 of 49 cases (95.9%) within 1-year-old were successfully achieved LO.Conclusion LO is an appropriate choice for palpable undescended testes, especially in younger children within one-year-old. The successful percentage of LO decreased with age growing.
Intestinal tract and parenteral multi-organ sequential pathological injury caused by necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Wang Fu Sheng , Yu Meng Lu , Li Wei Zhong , Hong Kai , Xu Chen Bin , Wang Guang Huan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To explore the relationship between the pathological changes of colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney, and the changes of Bax, PCNA and PAF in a rat model of NEC.Methods: 140 neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. NEC rat model is the experimental group. From the 1st day to the 7th day,10 rats were sampled in each group for pathological examination of colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney tissue. The levels of Bax, PCNA and PAF were investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results: On the 1st day, the colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney showed inflammatory damage. On the 5th day, inflammatory injury was decreased. The inflammatory injury was nearly gone by the 7th day. There were differences in the time of apoptosis in intestine. In the intestine, the proliferation of weak to strong. Bax in liver and kidney showed marked apoptosis and apoptosis time increased in lung. PCNA was elevated in lung, liver and kidney, and the expression of PAF in lung and liver was increased.Conclusions: NEC can lead to secondary injury of different degrees in colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney, and the degree and time of injury and repair were different. In general, organ repair played a leading role on the 4th day after modeling.
The performance of Cu2+ as dissolved cathodic electron-shuttle mediator for Cr6+ reduction in the microbial fuel cell
Authors: Gangadharan Praveena , Nambi Indumathi M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The study investigates the performance of Cu2+ as dissolved cathodic electron-shuttle mediator (dcESM) for simultaneous Cr6+ reduction and electricity generation in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) at pH 2 and 4 conditions. The dcESM behavior of Cu2+ on carbon cloth (CC) catalyzes the reduction of Cr6+ into Cr3+ at pH 2 by undergoing redox reactions. However, at pH 4, a simultaneous reduction of Cu2+ and Cr6+ was observed. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies were performed at pH 2 and 4 to probe the dcESM behavior of Cu2+ for Cr6+ reduction on CC electrode. Also, at pH 2, increasing the concentration of Cu2+ from 50 mg L− 1 to 500 mg L− 1 favors the Cr6+ reduction by reducing the reaction time from 108 h to 48 h and improving the current production from 3.94 mA m− 2 to 6.24 mA m− 2, respectively. Nevertheless, at pH 4, the efficacy of Cr6+ reduction and electricity generation from MFC is decreased from 62.91–18.21% and 4.42 mA m− 2 to 1.10 mA m− 2, respectively, by increasing the Cu2+ concentration from 50 mg L− 1 to 500 mg L− 1. Furthermore, the performance of dcESM behavior of Cu2+ was explored on carbon felt (CF) and platinum (Pt) electrodes, and compare the results with CC. In MFC, at pH 2, with an initial concentration of 100 mg L− 1, the reduction of Cr6+ in 60 h is 9.63 mg L− 1 for CC, 0.17 mg L− 1 for CF, and 51.32 mg L− 1 for Pt cathodes. The reduction of Cr6+ (initial concentration of 100 mg L− 1) at pH 4 in 120 h is 44.72 mg L− 1 for CC, 32.13 mg L− 1 for CF, and 70.85 mg L− 1 for Pt cathodes. Maximum power densities of 1659 mW m− 2, 1509 mW/m− 2, and 1284 mW/m− 2 were achieved when CF, CC, and Pt, respectively were employed as cathodes in the MFC.
Mangrove plants improve predominant microbiota in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment
Authors: Chen Zhiteng , Li Ruili , Tam Nora Fung Yee , Xie Shuguang , Zan Qijie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Two wetlands planted with Kandelia candel and Aegiceras corniculatum and one wetland without plantation were constructed for stable wastewater treatment since 2005. The impact of mangrove plants on the microbiota of wetlands was studied due to their higher efficiency of wastewater treatment.
Results

Microbiota of each wetland were explored through high-throughput sequencing and their relationships were predicted based on spearman metrics. Planted wetlands had higher microbial diversities and more similar microbial communities. Five phyla were significantly enriched in planted wetlands, including Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Elusimicrobia. Twelve phyla of other microbes accounting for 1.85% of the total relative abundance showed significantly higher abundance in the unplanted wetland. Planted wetlands shared more similar microbial community structure distinguished from that of the unplanted one. Additionally, distinct microbial interactive pattern could be observed in planted wetlands.
Conclusions

Based on their microbial compositions and interactive patterns, it will be reasonable to illustrate the higher wastewater purification ability of planted wetlands. Research here also supplies useful information for the potential of applicable combination of certain kinds of microbes for wastewater treatment.
The effects of changes in distance to nearest health facility on under-5 mortality and health care utilization in rural Malawi, 1980-2000
Authors: Quattrochi John Paul , Hill Kenneth , Salomon Joshua A , Castro Marcia C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite important progress, the burden of under-5 mortality remains unacceptably high, with an estimated 5.3 million deaths in 2018. Lack of access to health care is a major risk factor for under-5 mortality, and distance to health care facilities has been shown to be associated with less access to care in multiple contexts, but few such studies have used a counterfactual approach to produce causal estimates.
Methods: We combined retrospective reports on 22,088 births between 1980 and 2000 from the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey with a 1998 health facility census that includes the date of construction for each facility, including 335 maternity or maternity/dispensary facilities built in rural areas between 1980 and 1998. Using a difference-in-differences approach with Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated the effect of a reduction in distance to nearest facility, conditional on initial distance, on under-5 mortality. Using a difference-in-difference approach with linear probability models, we estimated the effect of a reduction in distance to nearest facility on number of antenatal visits prior to delivery, place of delivery, receiving skilled assistance during delivery, and receiving a check-up following delivery.
Findings: We found no effects of a decrease in distance to the nearest health facility on the hazard of death before age five years. We also found no effect of reduced distance to nearest facility on utilization of maternal health services. The effects estimated here likely depend on the quality of health care, the availability of transportation, the demand for health services, and the underlying causes of mortality, among other factors.
Conclusion: Reducing under-5 mortality and increasing utilization of care in rural Malawi and similar settings may require more than the construction of new health infrastructure.
Early combination therapy with etanercept and methotrexate in JIA patients shortens the time to reach inactive disease state and remission. Results of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Authors: Alexeeva Ekaterina , Horneff Gerd , Dvoryakovskaya Tatyana , Denisova Rina , Nikishina Irina , Zholobova Elena , Malievskiy Viktor , Santalova Galina , Stadler Elena , Balykova Larisa , Spivakovskiy Yuriy , Kriulin Ivan , Alshevskaya Alina , Moskalev Andrey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Remission is the primary objective of treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). It is still debatable whether early intensive treatment is superior with more rapid remission achievement. Objective Evaluation of effectiveness of early Etanercept+Methotrexate (ETA+MTX) combination therapy vs step up MTX monotherapy with ETA added in refractory disease. Methods: Multi-center, double-blind, randomized study in active polyarticular JIA patients treated with either ETA+MTX (n=35) or MTX+placebo (n=33) for up to 24 weeks, followed by a 24-week open-label phase. Efficacy endpoints included pedACR30 criteria improvement at week 12, inactive disease at week 24, and remission at week 48. Patients who failed to achieve the endpoints at week 12 or at week 24 escaped to open-label ETA+MTX. Safety was assessed at each visit. Results: By ITT analysis, more patients in the ETA+MTX group had reached the pedACR30 response at week 12 (33 (94.3%)) compared to the MTX+placebo group (20 (60.6%); p=0.001). At week 24, comparable percentages of patients reached inactive disease (11 (31.4%) vs 11 (33.3%)). At week 48, 11 (31.4%) and eight (24.2%) patients achieved remission. Median (+/-IQR) time to achieve an inactive disease state in the ETA+MTX and MTX+placebo groups were 24 (14–32) and 32 (24–40) weeks, respectively. Forty-four (74/100 patient-years) adverse events (AEs) were reported leading to treatment discontinuation in 6 patients. Conclusion: Early combination therapy with ETA+MTX proved to be highly effective compared to the standard step up regimen. More patients treated with a combination of ETA+MTX reached pedACR30 response and inactive disease and remission more rapidly.Trial registrationThe study was registered by the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT) as 2015-003384-11 on 07-21-2014.Word count: 270
Is There a Role for Prophylactic Antibiotics Post Pediatric Pyeloplasty?
Authors: Sheth Kunj , Puttmann Kathleen , Nichols Paige , King Jordon C , Zhu Huirong , Ryan Sheila , Wang Ming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics in pediatric upper urinary tract reconstruction remains controversial. In this study, we elected to examine if prophylactic antibiotics post pediatric dismember pyeloplasty reduce the incidence of clinically symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) in our institution. As a secondary outcome, we also examine which patient population benefits the most from low dose prophylactic antibiotics.Methods: Institutional review board approval (IRB) was obtained. A retrospective study was performed in patients who underwent dismember pyeloplasty (2011-2017) at our institution. Patients with prior history of urologic interventions or other abnormalities of the genitourinary tract were excluded. Demographics (age, gender, ethnicity, insurance status), prior history of culture proven UTIs, surgical details (administration of perioperative antibiotics), and postoperative outcomes, including any readmission 30 days post repair, any urine samples, and culture results were collected.Results: 209 patients (149 boys, 60 girls) met our inclusion criteria. The average age was 6 years (range: 2 months-18 years). 160 patients (77%) underwent robotic-assisted pyeloplasty. Thirty-one patients underwent open repair (15%). 176 (84%) had an indwelling ureteral stent. Eleven patients (5%) had a culture-proven febrile UTI within 30-days postoperatively. No significant differences were seen in postoperative complications or incidence of UTIs when comparing surgical approaches, ureteral stent, or the use of prophylactic post-operative antibiotics. Secondary review of patients with post-operative febrile UTIs noted younger age (2.8 v. 6.2 years, p = 0.02) and positive intraoperative urine culture (p = 0.01) as significant risk factors. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative UTIs in our cohort is relatively low. There is a higher incidence of febrile UTIs in patients less than 3 years old and those with positive intraoperative urine culture. The use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients post dismember pyeloplasty did not appear to affect the incidence of febrile culture proven UTIs, however, might be important in younger patients pre potty training.