bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory qualities of muffins incorporated with dried brewer's spent grain flours as a source of dietary fiber and protein
Authors: Shih Yi‐Ting , Wang Wenjun , Hasenbeck Aimee , Stone Dave , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBrewers' spent grain (BSG) is the major byproduct of brewing beer, rich in protein and dietary fiber. This study investigated the effect of two drying methods (impingement and hot‐air drying) on chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and bioactive compounds of BSGs from three different brewers (BSG1, BSG2, and BSG3), and then evaluated the quality and consumer acceptance of BSG flour fortified muffins. Results showed that impingement drying led to significantly lower moisture content (MC, 1.33‐1.87 g/100g) and water activity (aw, 0.04‐0.07) of BSGs than hot‐air drying (5.44 to 5.57 g/100 g and 0.19 to 0.20, respectively). Among different dried BSGs, impingement dried BSG3 achieved the highest protein (18.03 g/100 g dry matter [DM]), total phenolic content (TPC, 2.21 mg GAE/g DM), radical scavenging activity (RSA, 1.58 mg AAE/g DM), and total flavonoid content (TFC, 0.68 mg QE/g DM), and retained lighter color (L*, 54.68) and higher total dietary fiber (TDF, 42.40 g/100 g DM), which was selected for making BSG‐fortified muffins. BSG3 was substituted 1:1 as white: whole wheat flour at three concentrations (10, 15, and 20 g/100 g flour mix) for muffins (BSG10, BSG15, and BSG20, respectively). BSG15 provided higher protein (13.11 g/100 g DM), TDF (16.88 g/100 g DM), and higher bioactive compounds compared to control and retained brighter color of muffin compared to BSG20, showing no difference in firmness and overall liking compared to the control muffin. This study demonstrated that impingement dried BSG could be utilized as a functional ingredient in muffins to add value to the food chain providing nutritional and environmental benefits.Practical ApplicationThis study reported the benefit of impingement drying method for the retention of physicochemical quality and bioactive compounds of brewer's spent grains (BSG) produced from three different brewers in comparison with hot‐air drying. The study also reported that muffins fortified with BSG flours (15% replacement of wheat flour) yielded a 23% increase in total dietary fiber and 13% increase in protein without affecting consumer acceptance of the products. This information is essential for developing value‐added applications of BSG, a byproduct from brewing industry, as a functional ingredient to make nutritive baking goods, such as muffins, for promoting human health.
Acoustically‐aided osmo‐dehydration pretreatments under pulsed vacuum dryer for apple slices: drying kinetics, thermodynamics, and quality attributes
Authors: Amanor‐Atiemoh Robert , Zhou Cunshan , Wahia Hafida , Mustapha Abdullateef Taiye , Rashid Muhammad Tayyab , Sampson Gilbert , Amoa‐Owusu Abigail , Ma Haile , Zhou Ruoyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe research work investigates the effect of different pretreatment conditions (osmotic dehydration [OD], ultrasound [US], and ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration [UOD]) on the drying kinetics modeling, thermodynamics, weight reduction, degradation kinetics of vitamin C, and color of apple slices under pulsed vacuum dryer (PVD). The findings showed that UOD pretreatment significantly improved drying time and increased weight reduction comparative to OD, US, and the control sample. Drying kinetics modeling revealed that the Hii model better described the drying kinetic behavior of the apple slices than the other nine mathematical models based on higher coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and reduced chi‐square (χ2). Analysis of vitamin C content revealed a 46.05%, 31.28%, and 25.95% retention for UOD, US, and OD, respectively, after drying. Second‐order kinetics could accurately predict the degradation kinetics of vitamin C compared to first‐order kinetics. Vitamin C degradation kinetics showed lowerk‐value, higherD‐value (time required for 90% degradation), and half‐life indicating a higher retention of vitamin C content for UOD pretreatment compared to OD and US during drying.L*,b*, and chroma values of UOD were significantly (P< 0.05) higher compared to US, OD, and the control sample.Practical ApplicationThe findings of this study revealed that ultrasonic‐aided osmotic dehydration is a unique and novel pretreatment technique prior to drying, which significantly shortens drying time as a result of faster moisture/mass transfer, improves processing efficiency thereby reducing processing cost, improves quality parameters, and preserve phytochemicals. This makes the business operations of food processors competitive and as well provide value for customers.
Estimation of changes in cyclic lung strain by electrical impedance tomography: Proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Cornejo Rodrigo , Iturrieta Pablo , Olegário Tayran M. M. , Kajiyama Carolina , Arellano Daniel , Guiñez Dannette , Cerda María A. , Brito Roberto , Gajardo Abraham I. J. , Lazo Marioli , López Lorena , Morais Caio C. A. , González Sedric , Zavala Miguel , Rojas Verónica , Medel Juan N. , Hurtado Daniel E. , Bruhn Alejandro , Ramos Cristobal , Estuardo Nivia 
Published: October 2020

RationaleCyclic strain may be a determinant of ventilator‐induced lung injury. The standard for strain assessment is the computed tomography (CT), which does not allow continuous monitoring and exposes to radiation. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is able to monitor changes in regional lung ventilation. In addition, there is a correlation between mechanical deformation of materials and detectable changes in its electrical impedance, making EIT a potential surrogate for cyclic lung strain measured by CT (StrainCT).ObjectivesTo compare the global StrainCT with the change in electrical impedance (ΔZ).MethodsAcute respiratory distress syndrome patients under mechanical ventilation (VT 6 mL/kg ideal body weight with positive end‐expiratory pressure 5 [PEEP 5] and best PEEP according to EIT) underwent whole‐lung CT at end‐inspiration and end‐expiration. Biomechanical analysis was used to construct 3D maps and determine StrainCT at different levels of PEEP. CT and EIT acquisitions were performed simultaneously. Multilevel analysis was employed to determine the causal association between StrainCT and ΔZ. Linear regression models were used to predict the change in lung StrainCT between different PEEP levels based on the change in ΔZ.Main resultsStrainCT was positively and independently associated with ΔZ at global level (P < .01). Furthermore, the change in StrainCT (between PEEP 5 and Best PEEP) was accurately predicted by the change in ΔZ (R2 0.855, P < .001 at global level) with a high agreement between predicted and measured StrainCT.ConclusionsThe change in electrical impedance may provide a noninvasive assessment of global cyclic strain, without radiation at bedside.
On goodness‐of‐fit measures for Poisson regression models
Authors: Kurosawa Takeshi , Hui Francis K.C. , Welsh A.H. , Shinmura Kousuke , Eshima Nobuoki 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, we study the statistical properties of the goodness‐of‐fit measure mpp proposed by (Eshima & Tabata 2007, Statistics & Probability Letters 77, 583–593) for generalised linear models. Focusing on the special case of Poisson regression using the canonical log link function, and assuming a random vector X of covariates, we obtain an explicit form for mpp that enables us to study its properties and construct a new estimator for the measure by utilising information about the shape of the covariate distribution. Simulations show that the newly proposed estimator for mpp exhibits better performance in terms of mean squared error than the simple unbiased covariance estimator, especially for larger absolute values of the slope coefficients. In contrast, it may be more unstable when the value of the slope coefficient is close to boundary of the domain of the moment generating function for the corresponding covariate. We illustrate the application of mpp on a data set of counts of complaints against doctors working in an emergency unit in hospital, in particular, showing how our proposed estimator can be efficiently computed across a series of candidate models.
Primary HPV screening for cervical cancer: Results after two screening rounds in a regional screening program in Finland
Authors: Veijalainen Olga , Kares Saara , Kotaniemi‐Talonen Laura , Kujala Paula , Vuento Risto , Luukkaala Tiina , Kholová Ivana , Mäenpää Johanna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionSince 2012, cervical cancer screening has been conducted with a primary high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test and conventional cytology triage in the city of Tampere, Finland. The women who were screened with the hrHPV test in 2012 were invited to participate in the second screening round in 2017. The aim of the present report was to compare the number of colposcopy referrals and the number of histological high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)+ (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN2+]) lesions between the first and second screening rounds of women of a specific age group who were screened twice with the hrHPV test.Material and methodsThe primary hrHPV test used was the RealTime hrHPV PCR assay by Abbott. Women with a positive hrHPV test and cytology triage equal to or worse than low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or atypical glandular cells, favor neoplasia, were directly referred to colposcopy, whereas hrHPV‐positive women with a negative or equivocal cytology triage were re‐screened after approximately 12‐16 months. hrHPV‐negative women were scheduled for re‐screening after 5 years. The present report focuses on the cohort of women who were screened twice with the hrHPV test, who were 35‐55 years old in 2012, and 40‐60 years old in 2017.ResultsIn all, 8076 women were invited for HPV screening in 2012 and 8331 women were invited for the second round 5 years later, with attendance rates of 70% and 71%, respectively. Of the women who were screened in 2012, 4571 (69%) belonged to the 35‐ to 55‐year age cohort. In 2017, 4807 (73%) of the women aged 40‐60 years participated in the screening. In this cohort, 185 (4.0%) colposcopies were performed in the first screening round, compared with 139 (2.9%) in the second round, and the colposcopy rate was 29% smaller in the second round (P = .002). The number of histological HSIL+ cases was 38 (0.8%) during the first screening round and 29 (0.6%) during the second round (P = .220).ConclusionsIn the setting of routine organized cervical cancer screening, the initially high colposcopy rate associated with primary HPV screening seems to level off at the second screening round in women who were screened twice with an hrHPV test.
Rising trends in the incidence of shoulder dystocia and development of a novel shoulder dystocia risk score tool: a nationwide population‐based study of 800 484 Finnish deliveries
Authors: Heinonen Karin , Saisto Terhi , Gissler Mika , Kaijomaa Marja , Sarvilinna Nanna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionShoulder dystocia has remained an unpredictable and feared emergency in obstetrics. Some risk factors have been identified but nevertheless there is a lack of risk evaluation tools in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of shoulder dystocia in the Finnish population and to develop a shoulder dystocia risk score tool.Material and methodsThis retrospective, population‐based study included all deliveries in Finland between 2004 and 2017 (n = 800 484). The annual numbers of shoulder dystocia diagnoses were gathered from nationwide Finnish Medical Birth Register and Hospital Discharge Register. The incidence of shoulder dystocia was calculated in subgroups according to the mode of delivery, maternal diabetes status, body mass index (BMI), age, parity and gestational age. Based on these numbers, a shoulder dystocia risk score tool was created.ResultsThe overall incidence of shoulder dystocia was 0.18%. It increased significantly during the study period from 0.10% to 0.32% (P < .001). More specifically, the incidence increased significantly in all analyzed subgroups except for women with BMI <18.5 or age <20 years. To evaluate the importance of risk factors, practical and simple shoulder dystocia risk score tool was created. Instrumental vaginal delivery, maternal diabetes of any kind, BMI ≥25, age ≥40 years and gestational age ≥41 weeks were associated with higher shoulder dystocia risk compared with non‐diabetic, non‐obese and younger women with spontaneous deliveries before 41 weeks of gestation. In our risk score tool, cases with shoulder dystocia had a significantly higher number of risk points than those without it (15.2 vs 10.4, P < .001). The risk was significantly high when the scores were ≥18 points (relative risk 9.54, 95% confidence interval 8.61‐10.57).ConclusionsThe incidence of shoulder dystocia in Finland increased during the study period but it is still low compared with previous studies from other countries. In clinical daily practice, the new shoulder dystocia risk score tool helps to evaluate the individual risk profile of the parturient. According to this risk score tool, the highest risk was found with the combination of instrumental vaginal delivery, maternal diabetes, BMI ≥25, age ≥40 years and gestational age ≥41 weeks.
Intracellular vincristine levels in lymphoblasts affect treatment outcome in childhood B‐lymphoblastic leukaemia: Ma‐Spore ALL 2010 study
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wang Lingzhi , Xiang Xiaoqiang , Li Zhenhua , Chiew Edwynn Kean Hui , Koo Yok Moi , Lee How Sung , Lin Hai Peng , Tan Ah Moy , Quah Thuan Chong , Kham Shirley Kow Yin , Goh Boon Cher , Ariffin Hany , Yeoh Allen Eng‐Juh 
Published: October 2020

AimsVincristine (VCR) is a key drug in the successful multidrug chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, it remains unclear how VCR pharmacokinetics affects its antileukaemic efficacy. The objective of this study is to explore the VCR pharmacokinetic parameters and intracellular VCR levels in an up‐front window of Ma‐Spore ALL 2010 (MS2010) study.MethodsWe randomised 429 children with newly diagnosed ALL to 15‐minute vs 3‐hour infusion for the first dose of VCR to study if prolonging the first dose of VCR infusion improved response. In a subgroup of 115 B‐ALL and 20 T‐ALL patients, we performed VCR plasma (n = 135 patients) and intracellular (n = 66 patients) pharmacokinetic studies. The correlations between pharmacokinetic parameters and intracellular VCR levels with early treatment response, final outcome and ABCB1 genotypes were analysed.ResultsThere was no significant difference between 15‐minute and 3‐hour infusion schedules in median Day 8 peripheral or bone marrow blast response. Plasma VCR pharmacokinetic parameters did not predict outcome. However, in B‐ALL, Day 33 minimal residual disease (MRD) negative patients and patients in continuous complete remission had significantly higher median intracellular VCR24h levels (P = .03 and P = .04, respectively). The median VCR24h intracellular levels were similar among the common genetic subtypes of ALL (P = .4). Patients homozygous for wild‐type ABCB1 2677GG had significantly higher median intracellular VCR24h (P = .04) than 2677TT.ConclusionWe showed that in childhood B‐ALL, the intracellular VCR24h levels in lymphoblasts affected treatment outcomes. The intracellular VCR24h level was independent of leukaemia subtype but dependent on host ABCB1 G2677T genotype.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of different doses of nifekalant in the instant cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation during radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Zhai Zhenyu , Xia Zirong , Xia Zhen , Hu Jinzhu , Hu Jianxin , Zhu Bo , Xiong Qinmei , Wu Yanqing , Hong Kui , Chen Qi , Yu JianHua , Li Juxiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNifekalant has been used in the treatment of atrial arrhythmia recently. However, there is no consensus on the preferable nifekalant dose to treat atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to explore efficacy and safety of different doses of nifekalant in the cardioversion of persistent AF. The study was a single‐centre, randomized controlled trial. All subjects received nifekalant or placebo intravenously, and the nifekalant was given at the dosage of 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg/kg. Primary efficacy end‐point: compared with 0.3 mg group, the rate of cardioversion to sinus rhythm from AF in 0.4 and 0.5 mg group was higher. The 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg doses were associated with a similar magnitude of efficacy (P > .05). Secondary efficacy end‐point: termination rates of AF in the group of 0.4 mg and 0.5 mg were higher than 0.3 mg. Primary safety end‐point: the rate of Torsades de Pointes or ventricular fibrillation was numerically lower in the 0.4 mg group than 0.5 mg group (P = .02). Secondary safety end‐point: The rates of the majority of other common drug‐related adverse events in the group of 0.5 and 0.4 mg were higher than the 0.3 mg group. A 0.4 mg/kg dose of intravenous nifekalant may be recommended during the radiofrequency ablation for persistent AF considering the benefit‐risk profile.
Prevention of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder
Authors: Tondo Leonardo , Vázquez Gustavo H. , Baldessarini Ross J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundExcess mortality is a critical hallmark of bipolar disorder (BD) due to co‐occurring general medical disorders and especially from suicide. It is timely to review of the status of suicide in BD and to consider the possibility of limiting suicidal risk.MethodsWe carried out a semi‐systematic review of recent research reports pertaining to suicide in BD.FindingsSuicide risk in BD is greater than with most other psychiatric disorders. Suicide rates (per 100,000/year) are approximately 11 and 4 in the adult and juvenile general populations, but over 200 in adults, and 100 among juveniles diagnosed with BD. Suicide attempt rates with BD are at least 20 times higher than in the adult general population, and over 50 times higher among juveniles. Notable suicidal risk factors in BD include: previous suicidal acts, depression, mixed–agitated‐dysphoric moods, rapid mood‐shifts, impulsivity, and co‐occurring substance abuse. Suicide‐preventing therapeutics for BD remain severely underdeveloped. Evidence favoring lithium treatment is stronger than for other measures, although encouraging findings are emerging for other treatments.ConclusionsSuicide is a leading clinical challenge for those caring for BD patients. Improved understanding of risk and protective factors combined with knowledge and close follow‐up of BD patients should limit suicidal risk. Ethically appropriate and scientifically sound studies of plausible medicinal, physical, and psychosocial treatments aimed at suicide prevention specifically for BD patients are urgently needed.
Novel mechanism of action for the mood stabilizer lithium
Authors: Abu‐Hijleh Fahed A. , Prashar Shreya , Joshi Hetshree , Sharma Roohie , Frey Benicio N. , Mishra Ram K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBipolar Disorder (BD) is associated with a decrease in cellular resilience. Despite the half a century old discovery of lithium's efficacy for the treatment of BD, its exact mechanisms remain elusive. Accumulating data suggest that lithium's cytoprotective properties involve the modulation of several UPR proteins, such as GRP78. Mesencephalic astrocyte‐derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein that regulates proteostasis through directly interacting with GRP78. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lithium increases MANF expression using cellular and rodent models and, if so, to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of action.ProcedureMouse striatal neuroblasts were treated with PBS, lithium, or lithium + Activator Protein‐1 (AP‐1) inhibitor for 24–72 hours. Once cells were harvested, mRNA was extracted. In vivo experiments included, intraperitoneal injections of lithium or saline to male Sprague Dawley rats twice daily for 14 consecutive days. Following drug treatment, brain tissue was isolated, and mRNA was extracted from various regions. MANF gene expression was measured using RT‐qPCR.ResultsIn vitro studies showed lithium‐treated cells displayed a significant increase in MANF mRNA expression compared to controls. In contrast, cells treated with lithium and AP‐1 inhibitor showed no increase in expression. Similarly, in vivo studies revealed that lithium‐treated rats compared to controls had a significant increase in MANF expression in the PFC and striatum.ConclusionTaken together, these data suggest that lithium's therapeutic mechanism involves the maintenance of ER homeostasis via increased MANF gene expression mediated by the AP‐1 transcription factor.
Best practices in ethics management: Insights from a qualitative study in Slovakia
Authors: Lašáková Anna , Remišová Anna , Bohinská Alexandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVoluminous growth of new ethics management elements in corporate practice implies the need to enrich its theoretical understanding. Most studies delineate ethics management conventionally as measures primarily applied for establishing ethical norms and employee compliance. Furthermore, many models are somewhat limited in scope and amount of presented practices and usually do not conceptualize ethics management functions beyond traditional compliance‐integrity discussion. In addition, most models are not grounded in empirical research. With the aim to contribute to ethics management theory and bridge it with practice, this study employs a constructivist approach and maps best practices in ethics management via four focus groups with management professionals. Results suggest that ethics management can be viewed as a fundamentally participative and collaborative process, as a way of building relationships with external stakeholders, balancing structured planning and flexible change, and profoundly amalgamating with human resource management processes. Furthermore, in an Inventory of best practices encompassing 70 ethics practices, this study outlines nine functional subprocesses as key aspects of ethics management’s practical implementation. As the research was conducted in Slovakia, this study provides unique information on the recent developments in ethics management in one of the post‐transitional countries in the region of Central and Eastern Europe.
CDK12 and HER2 coamplification in two urothelial carcinomas with rapid and aggressive clinical progression
Authors: Yanai Yoshinori , Kosaka Takeo , Nakamura Kohei , Aimono Eriko , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Morita Shinya , Mikami Shuji , Nishihara Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase 12 (CDK12), one of the key factors associated with DNA damage response pathways, is located on chromosome 17 proximal to Erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2). In this report, CDK12 and ERBB2 coamplification was detected by targeted next‐generation sequencing in two urothelial carcinomas. The staining intensity of the CDK12 and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 proteins was associated with the prognosis of each urothelial carcinoma case. Our results suggest that CDK12 coamplification with ERBB2 might be associated with tumor aggressiveness and contribution to cancer pathogenesis. Therapies targeting CDK12 should be developed for these patients.