bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling with star-shaped distributions
Authors: Liebscher Eckhard , Richter Wolf-Dieter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We prove and describe in great detail a general method for constructing a wide range of multivariate probability density functions. We introduce probabilistic models for a large variety of clouds of multivariate data points. In the present paper, the focus is on star-shaped distributions of an arbitrary dimension, where in case of spherical distributions dependence is modeled by a non-Gaussian density generating function.
Design of Optical 4 × 2 Encoder Using Cross Layered Chalcogenide2D-PC Resonator
Authors: Saranya D. , Rajesh A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, 4 × 2 encoder is proposed by combining optical waveguides and the ring resonators. The proposed structure has four input ports, two control input and two output ports. The hexagonal photonic crystal structure has the square lattice of chalcogenide glass rods with the refractive index of 2.1 in air. Maximum bit rate of 10 Tb/s and response time of 0.1 ps is obtained using the proposed cross-layered arrangement of the chalcogenide glass rods with circular inner arrangement. The size of the proposed structure is 18.6 µm x 24.6 µm. Moreover, the contrast ratio of outputs is found to be 28.3 and 48.45 dB. The fundamental structure for the proposed encoder is also designed and analysed for validating the desired bandgap at the resonant wavelength of 1550 nm.
A statistical protocol for a holistic adjustment of global sea level budget
Authors: Iz H. Bâki , Shum C. K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Current studies in global mean sea level, GMSL, studies assess the closure/misclosure of the GMSL budget components and their uncertainties. Because Earth’s hydrosphere conserves water, a closed global mean sea level budget with a consistent set of estimates and their statistics is necessary. An unclosed budget means that there are problems to be addressed such as biases in the budget components, unreliable error statistics about the estimates, unknown or known but unmodeled budget components. In a misclosed global mean sea level budget, as practiced in recent studies, the trend estimates for the budget components and their errors account only for the anomalies of each budget component in isolation. On the other hand, the trend of each series must consider the trends of the other series in tandem such that the global mean sea level budget is closed for a holistic assessment, which can only be achieved by adjusting global mean sea level budget components simultaneously. In this study, we demonstrate a statistical protocol to ameliorate this deficiency, which potentially have implications for future sea level science studies, including the future Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports, and the US Climate Assessment Reports.
Can fetal fractions in the cell-free DNA test predict the onset of fetal growth restriction?
Authors: Adiyaman Duygu , Konuralp Atakul Bahar , Kuyucu Melda , Toklu Gizem , Golbasi Hakan , Koc Altug , Kaya Ozge Ozer , Ozdemir Taha Resid , Ekin Atalay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the possible predictive value of fetal fraction in the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) test in pregnancies with early- and late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR).MethodsThis retrospective study comprised 247 women who were screened using the cfDNA test for aneuploidies during the first or second trimester and had deliveries at our institution from January 2016 to December 2019. The fetal fractions of women with early- (n = 14) and late-onset (n = 83) FGR and those with uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 150) were compared.ResultsThe median fetal fractions for the early-onset FGR, late-onset FGR, and control groups were 5.7 [interquartile range (IQR) 2.65], 7 (IQR 5), and 7.35 (IQR 3.65), respectively. The fetal fractions were significantly lower in the early-onset FGR group than in the late-onset FGR and control groups (P = 0.047 and P = 0.037, respectively). There was no difference in fetal fractions between the late-onset FGR and control groups (P = 1.00).ConclusionAs a placenta-related disease, early-onset FGR had lower fetal fractions in the cfDNA test than uncomplicated pregnancies. For clinical use, lower fetal fractions can contribute as a biomarker for screening asymptomatic women for possible placenta-related diseases, such as early-onset FGR. However, more studies are needed to define the “lower” limit.
Habitat use and the coexistence of the sika deer and the Japanese serow, sympatric ungulates from Mt. Asama, central Japan
Authors: Takada Hayato , Ohuchi Riki , Watanabe Haruko , Yano Risako , Miyaoka Risako , Nakagawa Tomoki , Zenno Yu , Minami Masato 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Differential resource use allows for diverse species to specialize in ecological niches and thus coexist in a particular area. In the Japanese archipelago, increasing sika deer (Cervus nippon, Temminck 1836) densities have excluded the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus, Temminck 1836), but in places where deer population densities are low, the two species coexist. We wanted to better understand their habitats and how these two ungulates manage to coexist. We evaluated the role of habitat use in the coexistence of these two sympatric ungulates on Mt. Asama, central Japan. Deer frequently used the dwarf bamboo-rich communities in autumn and winter, and their habitat use was not associated with topography. Serows frequently used deciduous broadleaf shrub-rich communities and steep slopes throughout the year. Consequently, their habitat use was significantly different in terms of vegetation and topography. Niche breadth suggests that deer tend to be generalists, whereas serows tend to be specialists. Niche differentiation in habitat use between deer and serows may make the coexistence of these similarly sized ungulates possible in Japanese mountainous zones. Therefore, the fine-grained habitat mosaic of different vegetation and topography areas might be the underlying feature that allows the coexistence of these two species.
Facile sonochemical-assisted synthesis of orthorhombic phase black phosphorus/rGO hybrids for effective photothermal therapy
Authors: Liang Weiyuan , Wang Dou , Ren Xiaohui , Ge Chenchen , Wang Hanyue , Li Zhongjun , Liu Quan , Qiu Meng , Du Zhiyong , Qi Xiang , Xu Yijun , Liu Liping , Bao Shiyun , Zhang Han 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has been demonstrated to be promising in photoelectronic devices, electrode materials, and biomedicine owing to its outstanding properties. However, the application of BP has been hindered by harsh preparation conditions, high costs, and easy degradation in ambient condition. Herein, we report a facile and cost-effective strategy for synthesis of orthorhombic phase BP and a kind of BP-reduced graphene oxide (BP/rGO) hybrids in which BP remains stable for more than 4 weeks ascribed to the formation of phosphorus-carbon covalent bonds between BP and rGO as well as the protection effect of the unique wrinkle morphology of rGO nanosheets. Surface modification BP/rGO hybrids (PEGylated BP/rGO) exhibit excellent photothermal performance with photothermal conversion efficiency as high as 57.79% at 808 nm. The BP/rGO hybrids exhibit enhanced antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, showing promising perspectives in biomedicine.
Linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of self-assembled plasmonic gold metasurfaces
Authors: Gomes Anderson S.L. , Maldonado Melissa , de S. Menezes Leonardo , Acioli Lúcio H. , de Araújo Cid B. , Dysart Jennifer , Doyle Dennis , Johns Paul , Naciri Jawad , Charipar Nicholas , Fontana Jake 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The emergence of metamaterials (MMs) has led to groundbreaking photo-physical phenomena, which arise from their novel structure-dependent properties. Consisting of “meta-atom” building blocks, MMs can be organized into subwavelength metal/dielectric structures using bottom-up or top-down nanofabrication techniques. Optical metal metasurfaces are a class of MMs with macroscopic lateral dimensions but composed of one to few subwavelength layers of precisely oriented metal-based elements over a large surface area. In this review, we focus on gold metasurfaces, highlighting their fabrication methods, morphological characterization, as well as linear and nonlinear optical properties. We then review our recent work on fabricating and characterizing self-assembled gold metasurface. An interesting characteristics of the gold metasurfaces is their wide range of linear refractive indices, varying from n
0 ~ 0.5 in the visible to n
0 ~ 4 in the short wavelength infrared spectral region. Third-order nonlinearities are characterized by the Z-scan technique at wavelengths on- and off-plasmonic resonance of the gold metasurface. Experimental results on the relationship between the third-order nonlinearity of the self-assembled gold metasurface as a function of the linear response are presented for the first time. We conclude by discussing the potential applications and future outlook of self-assembled plasmonic metasurfaces.
Adhesive properties of bio-based epoxy resin reinforced by cellulose nanocrystal additives
Authors: Aziz Tariq , Fan Hong , Zhang Xiangwei , Khan Farman Ullah , Fahad Shah , Ullah Asmat 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The adhesive properties of a self-prepared bio-based epoxy resin with native cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are evaluated in this article. The porosity of actual CNCs is high. The most promising finding is the acquisition of high tensile modulus. The addition of CNC composites significantly increased the tensile modulus at lower wt.%, and the maximum crystallinity of CNCs was obtained. Bearing in mind the advantages of CNCs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a uniform distribution of concentrated CNCs. Clusters were formed at higher CNCs ratios, and the composite matrix content with high CNCs produced good expansion, low crystallinity, and increased elongation. Our analysis showed that the original CNCs were more evenly distributed in the self-prepared bio-based epoxy resin, which enhanced transformation, supported by improved dispersion of native CNCs. The presence of native CNCs greatly improved and enhanced the bonding performance of the bio-based epoxy resin in the interface area. Enhancing the mechanical properties of native CNCs has broad application prospects in environmental areas. This suggests that the widespread use of native CNCs in environmental engineering applications is feasible, especially in terms of adhesives properties.
Progress in perovskite based solar cells: scientific and engineering state of the art
Authors: Laalioui Saida , Alaoui Kawtar Belrhiti , Dads Houda Ait , Assali Kassem El , Ikken Badr , Outzourhit Abdelkader 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies undergoing rapid developments. PSC efficiency has reached 25.2% in only seven years, which is close to the record efficiency of silicon solar cells. In addition, the use of PSCs in tandem solar cells either in the 4-terminal or monolithic configuration, can lead to a significant increase conversion efficiency. However, the stability and the scalability are the main issues that still hinder the commercialization of the perovskite technology.The present review focusses on the recent development in perovskite solar cells materials, cell architectures and fabrication methods and their effect on the conversion efficiency and stability of the devices. In addition, solutions proposed to overcome the main challenges and to make tandem solar cells are discussed.
Uncertain Wests: Kelly Reichardt, Settler Sensibilities, and the Challenges of Feminist Filmmaking
Authors: Kollin Susan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDirector Kelly Reichardt has been celebrated as an independent filmmaker who takes risks in developing complicated and often fraught storylines, especially for her female characters. InMeek’s Cutoff(2010), she uses the aesthetics of slow cinema to show details frequently overlooked in the Western. In doing so, the film lays bare the violence of the settler-colonial West, highlighting the underside of European-American dreams of progress and prosperity. Addressing settler women’s investments in nation-building projects, the film traces how their commitments to Whiteness helped underwrite expansionist history. Noting the limits as well as the forms of agency White women claimed in the West, Reichardt pushes the boundaries of the women’s Western in ways that foreground Indigenous lives and the possibilities of decolonization.
Effects of Confining Pressure on Mechanical Properties and Damage Evolution of Granite under Cyclic Impact Loading
Authors: Tian N. C. , Wang Z. L. , Xiong F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To study the effects of the confining pressure (Cp) on the mechanical properties and damage evolution of deep rock masses under multiple impact loading, the improved split-Hopkinson pressure bar was used to perform cyclic impact on granite samples with Cp = 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 MPa. The experimental results indicated that the total number of impacts increased with the increase in Cp. The sample with Cp = 0 MPa was destroyed with only one impact and exhibited a typical type-I stress–strain curve. The samples with Cp = 4, 8, 12, and 16 MPa exhibited typical type-II stress–strain curves. Under the same cyclic impact loading, a higher Cp yielded a lower rate of increase of the average strain rate and maximum strain, as well as a lower rate of decrease of the peak stress and elastic modulus. The peak stress and maximum strain exhibited a good negative linear correlation and positive linear correlation with the average strain rate, respectively. At Cp = 4 and 8 MPa, the cumulative damage of the sample gradually increased with the increase in the number of impacts. At Cp = 12 and 16 MPa, the compaction effect caused the cumulative damage to be negative in the first few impacts. Subsequently, the cumulative damage gradually increased owing to the impact damage-softening effect. Additionally, the sample with Cp = 0 MPa was pulverized, and the fragmentation was severe. At Cp = 4, 8, 12, and 16 MPa, the Cps inhibited the free expansion of internal cracks in the sample, and the sample exhibited a significant shear failure mode with less fragmentation.
Hierarchical Compression Reveals Sub-Second to Day-Long Structure in Larval Zebrafish Behavior
Authors: Ghosh Marcus , Rihel Jason 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnimal behavior is dynamic, evolving over multiple timescales from milliseconds to days and even across a lifetime. To understand the mechanisms governing these dynamics, it is necessary to capture multi-timescale structure from behavioral data. Here, we develop computational tools and study the behavior of hundreds of larval zebrafish tracked continuously across multiple 24-h day/night cycles. We extracted millions of movements and pauses, termed bouts, and used unsupervised learning to reduce each larva’s behavior to an alternating sequence of active and inactive bout types, termed modules. Through hierarchical compression, we identified recurrent behavioral patterns, termed motifs. Module and motif usage varied across the day/night cycle, revealing structure at sub-second to day-long timescales. We further demonstrate that module and motif analysis can uncover novel pharmacological and genetic mutant phenotypes. Overall, our work reveals the organization of larval zebrafish behavior at multiple timescales and provides tools to identify structure from large-scale behavioral datasets.
Velocity and Absorption Coefficient of Sound Waves in Classical Gases
Authors: Magner A. G. , Gorenstein M. I. , Grygoriev U. V. 
Published: April 2020

The velocity and absorption coefficient of plane sound waves in classical gases are obtained by solving the Boltzmann kinetic equation. This is done within the linear response theory as a reaction of the single-particle distribution function to a periodic external field. The nonperturbative dispersion equation is derived in the relaxation time approximation and solved numerically. The obtained theoretical results demonstrate an universal dependence of the sound velocity and scaled absorption coefficient on the variable wт , where w is the sound frequency, and т−1 is the particle collision frequency. In the region of wт ∼ 1, a transition from the frequent- to rare-collision regime takes place. The sound velocity increases sharply, and the scaled absorption coefficient has a maximum – both theoretical findings are in agreement with the data.
Accounts Payable (Qardh) in Islamic Law
Authors: Saprida Saprida , Choiriyah Choiriyah , Melis Melis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study discusses how accounts receivable (qardh) are in Islamic law. This research is a type of library research that focuses on qualitative data management with data analysis methods using the description-analysis method. The results of this study are that qardh (accounts receivable) is an act or activity that has the purpose of helping others who are in need of material assistance, and is highly recommended because it provides wisdom and benefits for the lender and the recipient of the debt. Qardh is permissible as long as there are no elements which are detrimental to either party. While the law exceeds the payment of as much debt, if the excess is indeed the will of the debtor and not the previous agreement, then the excess may be for those who repay it, and be good for those who pay the debt. As for the additions that are desired by those who are in debt or have become agreements during the contract, this must not be prohibited in Islam.Keywords: Qardh, Islamic Law. AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas bagaimana piutang (qardh) dalam hukum Islam. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kepustakaan yang berfokus pada manajemen data kualitatif dengan metode analisis data menggunakan metode deskripsi-analisis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa qardh (piutang dagang) adalah tindakan atau kegiatan yang memiliki tujuan membantu orang lain yang membutuhkan bantuan material, dan sangat dianjurkan karena memberikan kebijaksanaan dan manfaat bagi pemberi pinjaman dan penerima hutang. Qardh diperbolehkan selama tidak ada unsur yang merugikan salah satu pihak. Sementara hukum melebihi pembayaran hutang sebanyak-banyaknya, jika kelebihannya memang merupakan kehendak debitur dan bukan perjanjian sebelumnya, maka kelebihannya mungkin bagi mereka yang membayarnya, dan baik bagi mereka yang membayar hutang. Adapun tambahan yang diinginkan oleh mereka yang berhutang atau telah menjadi perjanjian selama kontrak, ini tidak boleh dilarang dalam Islam.Kata kunci: Qardh, Hukum Islam.
Safety and Efficacy of Imiquimod in the Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alakeel Abdullah 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of imiquimod in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH).
Method: Systematic search was conducted in nine electronic databases for selecting relevant articles reporting the safety and efficacy of imiquimod as a therapeutic agent for treatment of IH. Meta-analysis was used to pool the results.
Results: Of total 180 records screened, we included 9 studies for this systematic review and meta-analysis. About one-fifth of the patients (20.9%) have showed clinical resolution with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 11.8% to 34.1%. Regarding IH type, superficial type showed the highest rates of both clinical resolution and excellent response rates with 31.2% (95% CI= 16.6% to 50.8%) and 26.5% (95% CI= 11.6% to 49.6%), respectively. A relatively high prevalence of any side effects with 63.1% (95% CI= 47.6% to 76.3%) has been reported. The highest reported side effect was crustation (44.1%; 95% CI= 27.8% to 61.8%).
Conclusion: Imiquimod is effective in the treatment of superficial IH and it is associated with local side effects.
Documentary support of the agricultural producer
Authors: Stafievskaya Maria , Kurochkinа Nadezhda 
Published: April 2020

One of the significant management functions today is financial accounting. Today, farmers can independently develop primary accounting documents that would meet the requirements of legislation and internal management. The presence of workflow is an important information source for the management process. Timely information on the costs incurred is generated in the field of primary accounting as an information system for all accounting subsystems (tax, management, financial). Today, the list of primary documents is extensive, presented in unified and specialized forms, however, farmers feel the problem of establishing accurate and efficient exchange of information within the enterprise units.
The article provides a critical analysis of the current standard forms of primary accounting documents used by agricultural organizations to account for costs at the present stage. The object of the study was the activity of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Mari El. The subject of the study is the documentary support of the production and sale of agricultural products, the performance of work in crop production. This study is based on the application of methods of deduction, induction, information analysis. The analysis made it possible to identify the main shortcomings in documenting operations related to the implementation of agricultural work and to develop recommendations for their elimination.
The scientific novelty is the author's recommendations on improving the primary accounting for the agricultural producer. The implementation of the proposed recommendations in the practice of accounting for agricultural organizations of the Mari El Republic will allow:
•	simplify the initial accounting of production costs by reducing the number of primary accounting documents;
•	reduce the cost of working time to prepare information about the costs for the management of organizations;
•	increase the reliability and efficiency of the information received on the magnitude of the costs incurred and the cost of agricultural products.