bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Chronic Health Conditions Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Qin Na , Li Zhenghong , Song Nan , Wilson Carmen L , Easton John , Mulder Heather , Plyler Emily , Neale Geoffrey , Walker Emily , Zhou Xin , Pan Haitao , Hudson Melissa M , Yasui Yutaka , Robison Leslie L , Zhang Jinghui , Ness Kirsten K , Wang Zhaoming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMounting evidence supports the occurrence of accelerating aging among long-term survivors of childhood cancer. We aimed to investigate epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in survivors and evaluate associations between EAA, treatment exposures, health behaviors, and chronic health conditions (CHCs).MethodsGenome-wide methylation data were generated with Infinium EPIC BeadChip on blood-derived DNA from 2139 survivors and 282 frequency matched controls from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. EAAs were estimated as residuals from a linear regression of epigenetic age (Levine’s clock) against chronological age. Adjusted least square mean (ALSM) of EAA was calculated and compared between survivors and controls, across treatment exposures and health behaviors. Associations of EAA with 20 clinically assessed CHCs were evaluated with multivariable piecewise-exponential models. All statistical tests for P values below were 2-sided.ResultsEAA was statistically significantly higher in survivors than controls (ALSM = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26 to 1.01 vs −3.61, 95% CI = −4.43 to 2.80). In a multivariable model among survivors, statistically significantly higher EAA (P &lt; .05) was observed in those exposed to chest radiotherapy, abdomen or pelvic radiotherapy, alkylating agents, glucocorticoids, or epipodophyllotoxins. Compared with survivors with favorable health behaviors (ALSM = 0.26, 95% CI=−0.36 to 0.87), EAA was statistically significantly higher among survivors with intermediate (ALSM = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.54) or unfavorable health behaviors (ALSM = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.60 to 2.30). In time-to-event analyses, statistically significant associations were identified between EAA tertiles and incidence of 7 CHCs: hypertension (3rd vs 1st tertile, relative rate [RR] = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.17 to 2.83), myocardial infarction (RR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.27 to 7.21), obesity (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.66), obstructive pulmonary deficit (RR = 1.86, 95% CI = 0.95 to 3.77), peripheral motor neuropathy (RR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.24 to 6.97), peripheral sensory neuropathy (RR = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.99 to 4.26), and pulmonary diffusion deficits (RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 0.95 to 7.63).ConclusionsEAA is statistically significantly higher in survivors of childhood cancer than in noncancer controls and is associated with specific treatment exposures, unfavorable health behaviors, and presence of specific CHCs.
A Novel Approach to Understanding Social Behaviors in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Desjardins Leandra , Lai Meng-Chuan , Vorstman Jacob , Bartels Ute , Barrera Maru 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background/Objectives
Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are at risk of experiencing challenges in social adjustment. However, the specific social behaviors of PBTS have rarely been directly assessed. This pilot study explores the first novel use of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition (ADOS-2), to evaluate the social behaviors of PBTS.

Methods
Twenty-six PBTS (ages 9–17 years; M = 7.8 years from diagnosis; 52% male; 41% received radiation treatment) completed the ADOS-2. The proportion of the sample experiencing impairment was examined descriptively across all items of the ADOS-2, as well as by a summary “overall score” created for this study, and using the ADOS-2 “diagnostic algorithm” scores for autism. Social adjustment, cognitive, medical, and demographic variables were explored as correlates of the ADOS-2 “overall score”.

Results
Study recruitment was 34%, impeded by distance from the tertiary-care center. The percentage of PBTS experiencing detectable impairments ranged from 0% to 50% across ADOS-2 items. Cranial radiation treatment, lower IQ, and slower cognitive processing were associated with higher impairment on the ADOS-2 “overall score”.

Conclusion
The ADOS-2 can be used to assess the discrete social behaviors of PBTS. This study provides a foundation for future investigations using the ADOS-2 to assess social behaviors in this population. Identifying specific social behavior difficulties in PBTS is key to refining much needed targeted social skills interventions for this population.
Blunt vascular trauma in a patient with peripheral arterial disease: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Karachentsev Sergiy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Blunt vascular trauma is rare and challenging in management. Trauma victims who are elderly and have medical comorbidities are still uncommon, but their proportion is expected to increase, as life expectancy has been rising worldwide. A case of blunt vascular trauma to the lower extremity in a 70-year-old patient is reported. During the procedure, a contusion of the superficial femoral artery with thrombosis was identified. Besides, the artery was found to be affected by atherosclerosis. Thrombectomy with resection of the artery and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Good early clinical outcome was achieved. Nonsystematic review of the available literature is also presented.
Pinpointing secondary metabolites that shape the composition and function of the plant microbiome
Authors: Jacoby Richard P , Koprivova Anna , Kopriva Stanislav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne of the major questions in contemporary plant science involves determining the functional mechanisms that plants use to shape their microbiome. Plants produce a plethora of chemically diverse secondary metabolites, many of which exert bioactive effects on microorganisms. Several recent publications have unequivocally shown that plant secondary metabolites affect microbiome composition and function. These studies have pinpointed that the microbiome can be influenced by a diverse set of molecules, including: coumarins, glucosinolates, benzoxazinoids, camalexin, and triterpenes. In this review, we summarize the role of secondary metabolites in shaping the plant microbiome, highlighting recent literature. A body of knowledge is now emerging that links specific plant metabolites with distinct microbial responses, mediated via defined biochemical mechanisms. There is significant potential to boost agricultural sustainability via the targeted enhancement of beneficial microbial traits, and here we argue that the newly discovered links between root chemistry and microbiome composition could provide a new set of tools for rationally manipulating the plant microbiome.
What Influences the Decision to Interview a Candidate for Medical School?
Authors: Dong Ting , Hutchinson Jeffrey , Torre Dario , Durning Steven J , Artino Anthony R , Schreiber-Gregory Deanna , Landoll Jennifer , Pflipsen Matthew , Anderson Denise , Saguil Aaron 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Holistic review, in which medical schools seek to balance applicant attributes and experiences alongside traditional academic metrics in making admissions decisions, has been in place for over a decade. Medical school applicants and the admissions’ community are still trying to understand the impact of holistic review on the composition of those medical schools choose to interview and accept.

Materials and Method
The study cohort included all candidates who applied to Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) in 2014, 2015, and 2016 (N = 8,920). We conducted logistic regression analysis to examine the associations between the sociodemographic, academic, and military service variables of applicants applying to the School of Medicine and offers for interview.

Results
Medical College Admission Test scores and undergraduate grade point averages were important in predicting who would receive an interview. Having military experience, being a woman, and being self-reported African American race also predicted a higher likelihood of receiving an interview invitation. For example, controlling for all other variables in the model, if an applicant had previous military experience, the odds of being invited for interview was about 4 times that of an applicant who had no previous military experience. Leave this for the text and discussion. The resulting pool of interviewed and accepted students more increasingly represented the Military Health Service population served.

Conclusions
The use of holistic review generated a class with a composition different from that which would be predicted by Medical College Admission Test and grade point average alone. Further, holistic review produced an interview pool and class more representative of the wider Military Health Service beneficiary population. In the case of USU, holistic review allowed the school to better meet its mission to create a representative class able to “care for those in harm’s way.”
Atraumatic Splenic Rupture After Weight Lifting in a Patient Presenting With Left Shoulder Pain
Authors: Halliday Megan , Ingersoll Jared , Alex John 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We discuss a 23-year-old active duty male who presented to the emergency department with left shoulder pain after deadlifting heavy weights the day prior. His physical examination revealed a nontender and otherwise unremarkable left shoulder with full range of motion and mild tenderness to palpation in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. A bedside focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination showed free fluid in the abdomen and a computed tomography scan showed a splenic laceration and splenomegaly. He later tested positive for infectious mononucleosis. This is the first case report of atraumatic splenic laceration after heavy weight lifting. This case illustrates the importance of a broad differential and high index of suspicion in the patient with undifferentiated abdominal pain in order to diagnose a potentially fatal disease.
The Association With Physical Fitness and Academic Performance at America’s Military Medical School
Authors: Macky Dillon , Dong Ting , Torre Dario , Schreiber-Gregory Deanna , Singaraju Raj , Durning Steven J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Undergraduate and graduate medical education both have been reported to have high rates of depression, anxiety, and burnout as a result of the rigors of their educational curricula. Wellness, including physical fitness, is important to the profession because it may help mitigate these increased rates of depression and anxiety. While several studies examine physical fitness and academic performance in primary and secondary education, few studies have examined the association between fitness and performance in health professions education. Given the demands of medical school, this investigation aimed to investigate the possibility of an association between physical fitness and body mass index (BMI) with academic performance. Another goal was to examine the change in physical fitness and BMI throughout medical school.

Materials and Methods
Standardized measures of physical fitness were examined in 192 Army students from the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences over 4 years from the classes of 2017–2019. Measurements include (1) body composition (BMI); (2) muscular endurance (timed push-ups); (3) aerobic endurance (timed run), and (4) total fitness defined as total points from sit-ups, run, and push-ups (everything but BMI). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between physical fitness and academic performance measures such as United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), and average core clerkship National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) exam scores. A repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences of students’ fitness total points and BMI over 4 fitness measurements spanning approximately 1.7 years.

Results
There were weak positive correlations, 0.20 and 0.22, between USMLE Step 2 CK exam scores and push-up points and total fitness points, respectively. There also were weak positive correlations, 0.21 and 0.24, between core clerkship average NBME exam scores and push-up points and total fitness points, respectively. No statistically significant change of individual students’ fitness total point change was observed (F(2.52, 334.93 = 1.37, P = 0.26)). There was also no individual BMI change (F(2.36, 274.21 = 2.78, P = .06)) over the first four assessment measurements (about 1.7 years lapse). However, the class means over the four measurements showed a decrease of fitness total points and an increase of BMI.

Conclusions
Our investigation suggests that there may be correlations between physical fitness and clinical exam performance such as USMLE Step 2 CK and average core clerkship NBME exams. Although there is no statistically significant change in individual fitness total points or BMI, the study suggests that physical fitness and BMI may decline during medical school. This may be as a result of increasing academic demands while balancing clinical duties from clerkship rotations.
Constraining the entropy of formation from young transiting planet
Authors: Owen James E 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently, K2 and TESS have discovered transiting planets with radii between ∼5 and 10 R⊕ around stars with ages &lt;100 Myr. These young planets are likely to be the progenitors of the ubiquitous super-Earths/sub-Neptunes, which are well studied around stars with ages ≳1 Gyr. The formation and early evolution of super-Earths/sub-Neptunes are poorly understood. Various planetary origin scenarios predict a wide range of possible formation entropies. We show how the formation entropies of young (∼20–60 Myr), highly irradiated planets can be constrained if their mass, radius, and age are measured. This method works by determining how low-mass an H/He envelope a planet can retain against mass-loss, this lower bound on the H/He envelope mass can then be converted into an upper bound on the entropy. If planet mass measurements with errors ≲20 per cent can be achieved for the discovered young planets around DS Tuc A and V1298 Tau, then insights into their origins can be obtained. For these planets, higher measured planet masses would be consistent with the standard core-accretion theory. In contrast, lower planet masses (≲6–7 M⊕) would require a ‘boil-off’ phase during protoplanetary disc dispersal to explain.
Jeans modelling of the Milky Way’s nuclear stellar disc
Authors: Sormani Mattia C , Magorrian John , Nogueras-Lara Francisco , Neumayer Nadine , Schönrich Ralph , Klessen Ralf S , Mastrobuono-Battisti Alessandra 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The nuclear stellar disc (NSD) is a flattened stellar structure that dominates the gravitational potential of the Milky Way at Galactocentric radii $30 \lesssim R \lesssim 300\, {\rm pc}$. In this paper, we construct axisymmetric Jeans dynamical models of the NSD based on previous photometric studies and we fit them to line-of-sight kinematic data of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and silicon monoxide (SiO) maser stars. We find that (i) the NSD mass is lower but consistent with the mass independently determined from photometry by Launhardt et al. Our fiducial model has a mass contained within spherical radius $r=100\, {\rm pc}$ of $M(r\lt 100\, {\rm pc}) = 3.9 \pm 1 \times 10^8 \, \rm M_\odot$ and a total mass of $M_{\rm NSD} = 6.9 \pm 2 \times 10^8 \, \rm M_\odot$. (ii) The NSD might be the first example of a vertically biased disc, i.e. with ratio between the vertical and radial velocity dispersion σz/σR &gt; 1. Observations and theoretical models of the star-forming molecular gas in the central molecular zone suggest that large vertical oscillations may be already imprinted at stellar birth. However, the finding σz/σR &gt; 1 depends on a drop in the velocity dispersion in the innermost few tens of parsecs, on our assumption that the NSD is axisymmetric, and that the available (extinction corrected) stellar samples broadly trace the underlying light and mass distributions, all of which need to be established by future observations and/or modelling. (iii) We provide the most accurate rotation curve to date for the innermost $500\, {\rm pc}$ of our Galaxy.
The consequences of gamma-ray burst jet opening angle evolution on the inferred star formation rate
Authors: Lloyd-Ronning Nicole M , Johnson Jarrett L , Aykutalp Aycin 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) data suggest that the jets from GRBs in the high redshift universe are more narrowly collimated than those at lower redshifts. This implies that we detect relatively fewer long GRB progenitor systems (i.e. massive stars) at high redshifts, because a greater fraction of GRBs have their jets pointed away from us. As a result, estimates of the star formation rate (SFR; from the GRB rate) at high redshifts may be diminished if this effect is not taken into account. In this paper, we estimate the SFR using the observed GRB rate, accounting for an evolving jet opening angle. We find that the SFR in the early universe (z &gt; 3) can be up to an order of magnitude higher than the canonical estimates, depending on the severity of beaming angle evolution and the fraction of stars that make long GRBs. Additionally, we find an excess in the SFR at low redshifts, although this lessens when accounting for evolution of the beaming angle. Finally, under the assumption that GRBs do, in fact, trace canonical forms of the cosmic SFR, we constrain the resulting fraction of stars that must produce GRBs, again accounting for jet beaming-angle evolution. We find this assumption suggests a high fraction of stars in the early universe producing GRBs – a result that may, in fact, support our initial assertion that GRBs do not trace canonical estimates of the SFR.
An event excess observed in the deeply bound region of the 12C (K−, p) missing-mass spectrum
Authors: Ichikawa Yudai , Yamagata-Sekihara Junko , Ahn Jung Keun , Akazawa Yuya , Aoki Kanae , Botta Elena , Ekawa Hiroyuki , Evtoukhovitch Petr , Feliciello Alessandro , Fujita Manami , Gogami Toshiyuki , Hasegawa Shoichi , Hasegawa Tomoyuki , Hayakawa Shuhei , Hayakawa Tomonori , Hirenzaki Satoru , Honda Ryotaro , Hosomi Kenji , Imai Ken’ichi , Jung Wooseung , Kanatsuki Shunsuke , Kim Shin Hyung , Kinbara Shinji , Kobayashi Kazuya , Lee Jaeyong , Marcello Simonetta , Miwa Koji , Moon Taejin , Nagae Tomofumi , Nakada Yoshiyuki , Nakagawa Manami , Nanamura Takuya , Naruki Megumi , Sakaguchi Atsushi , Sako Hiroyuki , Sato Susumu , Sasaki Yuki , Shirotori Kotaro , Sugimura Hitoshi , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Tamura Hirokazu , Tanida Kiyoshi , Tsamalaidze Zviadi , Ukai Mifuyu , Yamamoto Takeshi O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have measured, for the first time, the inclusive missing-mass spectrum of the $^{12}$C$(K^-, p)$ reaction at an incident kaon momentum of 1.8 GeV/$c$ at the J-PARC K1.8 beamline. We observed a prominent quasi-elastic peak ($K^-p \rightarrow K^-p$) in this spectrum. In the quasi-elastic peak region, the effect of secondary interaction is apparently observed as a peak shift, and the peak exhibits a tail in the bound region. We compared the spectrum with a theoretical calculation based on the Green’s function method by assuming different values of the parameters for the $\bar{K}$–nucleus optical potential. We found that the spectrum shape in the binding-energy region $-300 \, \text{MeV} &lt; B_{K} &lt; 40$ MeV is best reproduced with the potential depths $V_0 = -80$ MeV (real part) and $W_0 = -40$ MeV (imaginary part). On the other hand, we observed a significant event excess in the deeply bound region around $B_{K} \sim 100$ MeV, where the major decay channel of $K^- NN \to \pi\Sigma N$ is energetically closed, and the non-mesonic decay modes ($K^- NN \to \Lambda N$ and $\Sigma N$) should mainly contribute. The enhancement is fitted well by a Breit–Wigner function with a kaon-binding energy of 90 MeV and width 100 MeV. A possible interpretation is a deeply bound state of a $Y^{*}$-nucleus system.
Thousands of Alpha Tests
Authors: Giglio Stefano , Liao Yuan , Xiu Dacheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Data snooping is a major concern in empirical asset pricing. We develop a new framework to rigorously perform multiple hypothesis testing in linear asset pricing models, while limiting the occurrence of false positive results typically associated with data snooping. By exploiting a variety of machine learning techniques, our multiple-testing procedure is robust to omitted factors and missing data. We also prove its asymptotic validity when the number of tests is large relative to the sample size, as in many finance applications. To improve the finite sample performance, we also provide a wild-bootstrap procedure for inference and prove its validity in this setting. Finally, we illustrate the empirical relevance in the context of hedge fund performance evaluation.
Neural dynamics of monetary and social reward processing in social anhedonia
Authors: Wang Zhao , Li Qi , Nie Lu , Zheng Ya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Being characterized by reduced pleasure from social interaction, social anhedonia constitutes a transdiagnostic marker for various psychiatric disorders. However, the neural portrait of social anhedonia remains elusive because of heterogeneities of reward type and reward dynamics in previous studies. The present event-related potential study investigated neural dynamics in response to monetary and social rewards in social anhedonia. Event-related potential responses were examined when a high social anhedonia (HSA, N = 23) group and a low social anhedonia (LSA, N = 26) group were anticipating and consuming social and monetary rewards. LSA but not HSA participants showed an increased stimulus-preceding negativity (anticipatory phase) and and increased reward positivity (consummatory phase) for monetary as compared with social rewards. This group difference could spring from an increased relevance of social rewards or a general decline in affective responding due to a potential association between social anhedonia and depression. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for neural aberrations of the reward system in social anhedonia, which is contingent upon reward type and reward dynamics.