bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicinal Plants Used In Managing Diseases Of The Respiratory System Among The Luo Community: An Appraisal Of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Mailu James Kiamba , Nguta Joseph Mwanzia , Mbaria James Mucunu , Okumu Mitchel Otieno 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Respiratory diseases cause many deaths in children under 5 years of age particularly in Africa. The efficacy of current treatment differs among respiratory diseases and adverse effects may depend on dosage, duration of treatment, and the type of drug. Poor access to healthcare in rural areas makes many people in such communities to rely on traditional medicine. Most knowledge on traditional medicine makes use of indigenous remedies which are often undocumented and are at risk of being lost. Ethnobotanical data on medicinal plants used in managing diseases of the respiratory system may facilitate the search for new pharmaceutical agents. Methods Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect information from 30 traditional medicine practitioners in Kisumu East Sub County. The sociodemographic characteristics of the informants, the local names of the plants used, their habit, active parts, indications, and methods of preparation, as well as routes of administration, scientific identity, and conservation status were recorded. A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate to identify other reported activities of the plants. Results Most practitioners were female (86.7%), were aged between 61 and 70 years (43.3%), had no formal education (56.7%), and had 21-30 years of practice (30%). A total of 45 plant species, belonging to 43 genera and 28 families were identified. Leguminosae and Rutaceae were the most dominant plant families, leaves were the most frequently used (33%), and trees were the most common habit (44.4%). Cough was the most common indication, decoction was the most common method of administration (68.8%), most preparations were taken orally, and most plants were collected in the wild (79.2%). Literature search established that at least 42/45 plant species had pharmacological activities. Conclusions Many plant species reported in this study have similar traditional uses in other communities. One plant; Keetia gueinzii (Sond.) Bridson was reported for the first time in the management of asthma, pneumonia, and cough. Documentation and preservation of ethno medicinal knowledge in the study area is of prime concern as most practitioners are advanced in age with little formal education. Plans to conserve some of the medicinal plants documented here should be initiated. Scientific validation of the traditional claims made is also needed.
Cellulose-Supported Sulfonated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Utilized for One-pot Synthesis of α-Iminonitrile Derivatives
Authors: Rahimi Jamal , Taheri-Ledari Reza , Maleki Ali 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
An instrumental strategy for α-iminonitrile derivatives preparation by
Fe3O4@cellulose-OSO3H (MCSA) as an eco-friendly nanocatalyst and oxidative agent in aerobic condition, is
presented.

Materials and Methods:
Through this method, a one-pot three-component condensation reaction of various
aldehydes, primary amines and trimethylsilylcyanide (TMSCN) were applied to synthesize the desired
products. It was performed in absolute ethanol and under a mild condition by using the presented nanocatalyst.
High reaction yields were obtained through using the presented magnetic agent, as well. Moreover, the threecomponent
reactions were executed using accessible and economical precursors. The convenient separation
and recyclability of the used nanocatalyst were also precisely investigated.

Results and Discussion:
In this research, we identified novel α-iminonitrile derivatives using 1H NMR, 13C
NMR, CHN, and FT-IR analyses, as well. In order to determine the well-known derivatives, we used FT-IR
method as well as comparing their melting points with those of reported.

Conclusion:
In summary, an extremely efficient method was used for the environmentally-friendly synthesis
of α-iminonitrile derivatives that are important bioactive substances. The catalytic oxidative coupling reaction
afforded the products via a one-pot three-component condensation reaction of various aldehydes, primary
amines and TMSCN with great reaction yields, in ethanol under mild conditions.
Amino Acids Sequence-based Analysis of Arginine Deiminase from Different Prokaryotic Organisms: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Abdollahi Sara , Morowvat Mohammad H. , Savardashtaki Amir , Irajie Cambyz , Najafipour Sohrab , Zarei Mahboubeh , Ghasemi Younes 
Published: March 2020

Background:Arginine deiminase is a bacterial enzyme, which degrades L-arginine. Some human cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and melanoma are auxotrophic for arginine. Therefore, PEGylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) is a good anticancer candidate with antitumor effects. It causes local depletion of L-arginine and growth inhibition in arginineauxotrophic tumor cells. The FDA and EMA have granted orphan status to this drug. Some recently published patents have dealt with this enzyme or its PEGylated form.Objective:Due to increasing attention to it, we aimed to evaluate and compare 30 arginine deiminase proteins from different bacterial species through in silico analysis.Methods:The exploited analyses included the investigation of physicochemical properties, multiple sequence alignment (MSA), motif, superfamily, phylogenetic and 3D comparative analyses of arginine deiminase proteins thorough various bioinformatics tools.Results:The most abundant amino acid in the arginine deiminase proteins is leucine (10.13%) while the least amino acid ratio is cysteine (0.98%). Multiple sequence alignment showed 47 conserved patterns between 30 arginine deiminase amino acid sequences. The results of sequence homology among 30 different groups of arginine deiminase enzymes revealed that all the studied sequences located in amidinotransferase superfamily. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, two major clusters were identified. Considering the results of various in silico studies; we selected the five best candidates for further investigations. The 3D structures of the best five arginine deiminase proteins were generated by the I-TASSER server and PyMOL. The RAMPAGE analysis revealed that 81.4%-91.4%, of the selected sequences, were located in the favored region of arginine deiminase proteins.Conclusion:The results of this study shed light on the basic physicochemical properties of thirty major arginine deiminase sequences. The obtained data could be employed for further in vivo and clinical studies and also for developing the related therapeutic enzymes.
The Acceptability and Usability of Digital Health Interventions for Adults With Depression, Anxiety, and Somatoform Disorders: Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Patel Shireen , Akhtar Athfah , Malins Sam , Wright Nicola , Rowley Emma , Young Emma , Sampson Stephanie , Morriss Richard 
Published: March 2020

Background
The prevalence of mental health disorders continues to rise, with almost 4% of the world population having an anxiety disorder and almost 3.5% having depression in 2017. Despite the high prevalence, only one-third of people with depression or anxiety receive treatment. Over the last decade, the use of digital health interventions (DHIs) has risen rapidly as a means of accessing mental health care and continues to increase. Although there is evidence supporting the effectiveness of DHIs for the treatment of mental health conditions, little is known about what aspects are valued by users and how they might be improved.

Objective
This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesize the qualitative literature available on service users’ views and experiences regarding the acceptability and usability of DHIs for depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders.

Methods
A systematic search strategy was developed, and searches were run in 7 electronic databases. Qualitative and mixed methods studies published in English were included. A meta-synthesis was used to interpret and synthesize the findings from the included studies.

Results
A total of 24 studies were included in the meta-synthesis, and 3 key themes emerged with descriptive subthemes. The 3 key themes were initial motivations and approaches to DHIs, personalization of treatment, and the value of receiving personal support in DHIs. The meta-synthesis suggests that participants’ initial beliefs about DHIs can have an important effect on their engagement with these types of interventions. Personal support was valued very highly as a major component of the success of DHIs. The main reason for this was the way it enabled individual personalization of care.

Conclusions
Findings from the systematic review have implications for the design of future DHIs to improve uptake, retention, and outcomes in DHIs for depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders. DHIs need to be personalized to the specific needs of the individual. Future research should explore whether the findings could be generalized to other health conditions.
Discrepancies in Demand of Internet of Things Services Among Older People and People With Disabilities, Their Caregivers, and Health Care Providers: Face-to-Face Survey Study
Authors: Lee Heayon , Park Yu Rang , Kim Hae-Reong , Kang Na Young , Oh Gahee , Jang Il-Young , Lee Eunju 
Published: March 2020

Background
Home Internet of Things (IoT) services and devices have the potential to aid older adults and people with disabilities in their living environments. IoT services and devices can also aid caregivers and health care providers in conveniently providing care to those in need. However, real-world data on the IoT needs of vulnerable people are lacking.

Objective
The objective of this study is to conduct a face-to-face survey on the demand for IoT services among older people and people with disabilities, their caregivers, and health care providers in a real-world setting and to see if there are any differences in the aspects of need.

Methods
We conducted a face-to-face survey with 500 participants between January 2019 and March 2019. A total of 300 vulnerable people (200 older adults aged ≥65 years and 100 physically disabled people aged 30-64 years) were randomly sampled from either a population-based, prospective cohort study of aging—the Aging Study of Pyeongchang Rural Area (ASPRA)—or from the outpatient clinics at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. Simultaneously, their caregivers (n=150) and health care providers (n=50) participated in the survey. Detailed socioeconomic status, digital literacy, health and physical function, and home IoT service needs were determined. Among all commercially available IoT services, 27 services were classified into five categories: emergency and security, safety, health care, convenience (information), and convenience (operation). The weighted-ranking method was used to rank the IoT needs in different groups.

Results
There were discrepancies in the demand of IoT services among the vulnerable groups, their caregivers, and health care providers. The home IoT service category that was required the most by the vulnerable groups and their caregivers was emergency and security. However, health care providers indicated that the safety category was most needed by the older adults and disabled people. Home IoT service requirements differed according to the different types of disabilities among the vulnerable groups. Participants with fewer disabilities were more willing to use IoT services than those with more disabilities.

Conclusions
Our survey study shows that there were discrepancies in the demand of IoT services among the vulnerable groups, their caregivers, and health care providers. IoT service requirements differed according to the various types of disabilities. Home IoT technology should be established by combining patients’ priorities and individualized functional assessments among vulnerable people.

Trial Registration
Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS; KCT0004157); https://tinyurl.com/r83eyva
Measuring Alliance Toward Embodied Virtual Therapists in the Era of Automated Treatments With the Virtual Therapist Alliance Scale (VTAS): Development and Psychometric Evaluation
Authors: Miloff Alexander , Carlbring Per , Hamilton William , Andersson Gerhard , Reuterskiöld Lena , Lindner Philip 
Published: March 2020

Background
Automated virtual reality exposure therapies (VRETs) are self-help treatments conducted by oneself and supported by a virtual therapist embodied visually and/or with audio feedback. This simulates many of the nonspecific relational elements and common factors present in face-to-face therapy and may be a means of improving adherence to and efficacy of self-guided treatments. However, little is known about alliance toward the virtual therapist, despite alliance being an important predictor of treatment outcome.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the first alliance instrument developed for use with embodied virtual therapists in an automated treatment format—the Virtual Therapist Alliance Scale (VTAS)—by (1) assessing its psychometric properties, (2) verifying the dimensionality of the scale, and (3) determining the predictive ability of the scale with treatment outcome.

Methods
A psychometric evaluation and exploratory factor analysis of the VTAS was conducted using data from two samples of spider-fearful patients treated with VRET and the help of an embodied, voice-based virtual therapist (n=70). Multiple regression models and bivariate correlations were used to assess the VTAS relationship with treatment outcome, according to self-reported fear and convergence with presence and user-friendliness process measures.

Results
The VTAS showed a sound two-factor solution composed of a primary factor covering task, goal, and copresence; adequate internal consistency; and good convergent validity, including moderate correlation (r=.310, P=.01) with outcomes over follow-up.

Conclusions
These preliminary results suggest that alliance toward a virtual therapist is a significant predictor of treatment outcome, favors the importance of a task-goal over bond-factor, and should be explored in studies with larger sample sizes and in additional forms of embodiment.
Impact of the AGE-ON Tablet Training Program on Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Attitudes Toward Technology in Older Adults: Single-Group Pre-Post Study
Authors: Neil-Sztramko Sarah E , Coletta Giulia , Dobbins Maureen , Marr Sharon 
Published: March 2020

Background
The internet and technology can help older adults connect with family and friends. However, many older adults face obstacles to internet and technology use, such as lack of knowledge or self-efficacy.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the AGE-ON tablet training program on social isolation, loneliness, and quality of life.

Methods
Adults aged >60 years took part in a series of 6 weekly workshops covering the basic features of a tablet. Before and after the program, social isolation, loneliness, social support, and quality of life were assessed. In addition, data on current tablet use and attitudes toward technology use were collected. Satisfaction with the program was also assessed at the end of the study using 6 Likert scale questions.

Results
The participants (N=32; mean age 76.3, SD 8.6 years) were predominantly female (n=20, 63%) and retired (n=30, 94%). The participants reported that they were highly satisfied with the program. After completing the program, no differences in social isolation, loneliness, social support, or quality of life were found. Frequency of tablet use increased and the attitudes of the participants toward technology improved.

Conclusions
The AGE-ON program resulted in increased tablet use frequency and may improve comfort and attitudes toward tablet use among older adults. This program may assist older adults in overcoming obstacles to internet and technology use to better connect with family and friends; however, further work targeting older adults who are socially isolated or at risk of social isolation is needed to more fully understand whether tablet training programs are beneficial in this population.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03472729; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03472729
Cruz Azul y Tolteca Estandarización y biopolítica del cemento en la publicidad posrevolucionaria
Authors: Hernandez Flores Fabiola 
Published: March 2020

<p> El artículo examina la iconografía biopolítica del cemento en la publicidad de las empresas Cruz Azul y Tolteca durante la primera mitad de la década de 1930. A pesar de las diferencias plásticas, los diseñadores de ambas marcas codificaron el poder biopolítico del cemento con fundamento en el concepto de estandarización del urbanismo moderno.</p><p>La representación hizo del cemento un material capaz de unificar la constitución física e ideológica de edificios, ciudad, ambiente y cuerpos de los ciudadanos. Este discurso visual se analiza a partir de la estandarización urbana y el consumo democrático del cemento.</p>
Kefir Susu Nabati dengan Penambahan Kulit Pisang Tanduk (Musa Paradisiacal Var. Corniculata)
Authors: Priscilla Vina , Pantjajani Tjandra , Irawati Fenny 
Published: March 2020

Abstract – Non dairy milk contains high protein and carbohydrate, low fat, and free lactose. Even more, banana peel has a potential as prebiotic because it contains 33% fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Banana peel was usually being thrown away although it still had good content. That would be a potential resource to make a non dairy kefir from it. This research aimed to know the effect on changes of fermentation parameters, the results of organoleptic tests, and the best treatment in making non dairy kefir with addition of Tanduk banana peel. The results showed that the parameters of total sugar, lactic acid, pH, TAT, viscosity, ethanol, number of yeast and LAB tests were significantly different in each sample even though not all samples were significantly different on reducing sugar. The results of organoleptic tests showed that non dairy kefir without the addition of Tanduk banana peel was the most preferred kefir with quite sweet and sour taste, not alcoholic, less sour and quite unpleasant aroma, a yellowish white color, quite thick consistency, and not bitter aftertaste. The best treatment based on the effective-index method was non dairy kefir with the addition of 5% Tanduk banana peel. Keywords: kefir, tanduk banana, non dairy milk
Abstrak – Susu nabati memiliki kandungan protein dan karbohidrat yang tinggi, rendah lemak, serta tidak mengandung laktosa. Kulit pisang berpotensi sebagai prebiotik karena mengandung 33% fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Kandungan gizi kulit pisang dan susu nabati yang baik serta keinginan memanfaatkan kulit pisang Tanduk yang biasanya dibuang menjadi alasan untuk membuat kefir susu nabati dengan penambahan kulit pisang Tanduk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh terhadap perubahan parameter fermentasi, hasil uji organoleptik, dan perlakuan terbaik dalam pembuatan kefir susu nabati dengan penambahan kulit pisang Tanduk. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan variasi kadar kulit pisang Tanduk yang ditambahkan 0%, 5%, dan 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter gula total, asam laktat, pH, TAT, viskositas, etanol, jumlah khamir dan BAL, terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada setiap sampel, sedangkan pada parameter gula reduksi tidak semua sampel mengalami perbedaan signifikan. Hasil uji organoleptik kefir susu nabati tanpa penambahan kulit pisang Tanduk merupakan kefir yang paling disukai dengan karakteristik rasa yang cukup manis, cukup asam, tidak beralkohol, aroma kurang asam dan cukup langu, berwarna putih kekuningan, menghasilkan aftertaste yang tidak pahit, serta memiliki konsistensi cukup kental. Perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan metode indeks efektivitas adalah kefir susu nabati dengan penambahan kulit pisang Tanduk 5%. Kata kunci: kefir, pisang tanduk, susu nabati
Pengaruh Pengolahan Terhadap Nilai Fungsional Bawang Putih (Allium sativum)
Authors: Thalia Chessa Uly , Chrisnasari Ruth , Rosita Dewi Ardhia Dheasy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract-Organosulphur compounds in garlic has bactericidal effect and antioxidant potentials. However, toxic effects and strong odor produced by the compound allicin contribute to the reduction of garlic consumption. The production of allicin compound can be inhibited by skipping grinding and substituting it with other methods such as heating with oven and soaking in salt water, so the production pathway of organosulphur compounds will produce S-allyl cysteine which have lower toxic effect and antioxidant activity up to six fold compared to allicin. This research is done as a preliminary test to know the effect of process towards functional value of garlic. The results showed that the best treatment for black garlic (80℃ for 40 days) and pickled garlic (salt concentration of 3% for 40 days) has antioxidant activity (37,03%, 72,30%, and 32,17%), phenolic content (0,50mg GAE/g sample, 1,09mg GAE/g sample, and 0,146mg GAE/g sample), vitamin C content (0,068% b/b, 0,348% b/b, and 0,054% b/b), and protein content (3,1% N, 7,61% N, and 1,45% N) respectively that was significantly different (pvalue < 0,05), antimicrobial activity and total plate count test was not significantly different (pvalue > 0,05). Therefore, the process that gives the highest functional value was the black garlic.
Keywords: garlic, black garlic, pickled garlic, functional food, antioxidant activity, phenols, alliin, S-allyl cysteine
Abstrak-Senyawa organosulfur dalam bawang putih memiliki efek bakteriosidal dan potensi sebagai antioksidan. Namun, adanya efek toksik dan bau menyengat yang dihasilkan oleh senyawa allisin mengurangi daya konsumsi masyarakat. Produksi senyawa allisin dapat dihambat dengan menghilangkan penggerusan dan melakukan pengolahan yang lain, yaitu pengovenan dan perendaman pada air garam, sehingga jalur produksi senyawa organosulfur akan menghasilkan S-allyl cysteine dengan efek toksik jauh lebih kecil namun aktivitas antioksidan enam kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan allisin. Penelitian ini sebagai uji pendahuluan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengolahan terhadap nilai fungsional bawang putih. Dari hasil uji, bawang putih, perlakuan terbaik bawang hitam (suhu 80℃ selama 40 hari), dan pickled garlic (kadar garam 3% selama 40 hari) secara berturut-turut memiliki aktivitas antioksidan (37,03%, 72,30%, dan 32,17%), senyawa fenolik total (0,50mg GAE/g sampel, 1,09mg GAE/g sampel, dan 0,146mg GAE/g sampel), kadar vitamin C (0,068% b/b, 0,348% b/b, dan 0,054% b/b), dan kadar protein (3,1% N, 7,61% N, dan 1,45% N) yang berbeda signifikan (pvalue < 0,05), aktivitas antimikroba dan uji total plate count tidak berbeda signifikan (pvalue > 0,05), sehingga pengolahan yang memberikan nilai fungsional tertinggi yaitu bawang hitam.
Kata kunci: bawang putih, bawang hitam, pickled garlic, pangan fungsional, aktivitas antioksidan, fenolik, alliin, S-allyl cysteine.