bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to the predator odor TMT induces early and late differential gene expression related to stress and excitatory synaptic function throughout the brain in male rats
Authors: Tyler Ryan E. , Weinberg Benjamin Z. S. , Lovelock Dennis F. , Ornelas Laura C. , Besheer Joyce 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPersistent changes in brain stress and glutamatergic function are associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Rodent exposure to the predator odor trimethylthiazoline (TMT) is an innate stressor that produces lasting behavioral consequences relevant to PTSD. As such, the goal of the present study was to assess early (6 hours and 2 days—Experiment 1) and late (4 weeks—Experiment 2) changes to gene expression (RT‐PCR) related to stress and excitatory function following TMT exposure in male, Long‐Evans rats. During TMT exposure, rats engaged in stress reactive behaviors, including digging and immobility. Further, the TMT group displayed enhanced exploration and mobility in the TMT‐paired context 1 week after exposure, suggesting a lasting contextual reactivity. Gene expression analyses revealed upregulated FKBP5 6 hours post‐TMT in the hypothalamus and dorsal hippocampus. Two days after TMT, GRM3 was downregulated in the prelimbic cortex and dorsal hippocampus, but upregulated in the nucleus accumbens. This may reflect an early stress response (FKBP5) that resulted in later glutamatergic adaptation (GRM3). Finally, another experiment 4 weeks after TMT exposure showed several differentially expressed genes known to mediate excitatory tripartite synaptic function in the prelimbic cortex (GRM5, DLG4 and SLC1A3 upregulated), infralimbic cortex (GRM2 downregulated, Homer1 upregulated), nucleus accumbens (GRM7 and SLC1A3 downregulated), dorsal hippocampus (FKBP5 and NR3C2 upregulated, SHANK3 downregulated) and ventral hippocampus (CNR1, GRM7, GRM5, SHANK3 and Homer1 downregulated). These data show that TMT exposure induces stress and excitatory molecular adaptations, which could help us understand the persistent glutamatergic dysfunction observed in PTSD.
Prognostic factors of radiosynovectomy in haemophilia patients with inhibitors: Survival analysis in a 19‐year period
Authors: Koc Basak , Kılıcoglu Onder , Turkmen Cuneyt , Zulfikar Bulent 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeople with haemophilia (PwH) with inhibitors have an increased risk of bleeding and early development of progressive arthropathy. Radiosynovectomy (RS) has been effective in dramatically reducing the frequency of haemarthroses. In the present study, the mid‐ and long‐term results of the efficacy of RS in PwHs with inhibitors and prognostic factors that influence success and failure of RS were presented.Material and MethodRadiosynovectomy was performed in 51 joints of 22 PwHs with inhibitors diagnosed with chronic haemophilic synovitis between January 2000 and December 2018. Two patients were lost to follow‐up and four joints were excluded. Number of bleeding episodes within the pre‐ and post‐treatment 6 months were documented. Treatment failure was defined as need for repeat RS injection.ResultsResults of 47 RS were analysed. The mean bleeding frequency of the joints was 11.2 ± 6.2 (median 9) within the last 6 months in the pre‐treatment evaluation. After the treatment, the mean bleeding frequency of the joints decreased to 1.2 ± 2.8 (median 0) for first 6 months (P < .0001). The cumulative survival rate at 12 months was 87% and 78% at 36 months. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that cut‐off points of 12 bleeding episodes within the last 6 months (sensitivity, 71.4; specificity, 81.8 P = .0022) and an inhibitor titre of 63.4 BU (sensitivity, 57.1; specificity, 75.8; P = .31) were threshold levels for a predisposition for failure.ConclusionRadiosynovectomy is an effective and safe intervention in PwHs with inhibitors. Bleeding frequency is a prognostic marker for the success of RS treatment. Patients who have more than 12 bleeding episodes within the last 6 months before the RS treatment have a higher rate of failure.
Haemophilia care in China: Achievements in the past decade
Authors: Dou Xueqing , Poon Man‐Chiu , Yang Renchi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a large population of people with haemophilia in China. However, the development of haemophilia care in China lagged far behind developed countries and was unbalanced across different regions. With the establishment of the Hemophilia Treatment Center Collaborative Network of China (HTCCNC) in 2004 and its collaboration with the Chinese government, the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH), non‐profit foundations, industries, and experts from other countries, haemophilia care in China have made considerable strides in building capacity. The HTCCNC helped develop clinics throughout the country, promote multidisciplinary care, promote prophylaxis (albeit low‐dose), advance clinical evaluation and treatment, and research. With many collaborative efforts in the past decade, haemophilia care in China has entered a new stage of development. In this review, we summarize these major achievements and efforts within the last decade.
Helicobacter pylori release from yeast as a vesicle‐encased or free bacterium
Authors: Heydari Samira , Siavoshi Farideh , Jazayeri Mir Hadi , Sarrafnejad Abdolfattah , Saniee Parastoo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundYeast has been suggested as a potent reservoir of H. pylori that facilitates bacterial spread within human populations. What mechanism ensures effective H. pylori release from yeast? Here, H. pylori release from yeast as a vesicle‐encased or free bacterium was studied.Materials and methodsLiquid culture of Candida yeast was examined by light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy methods to observe the released vesicles. Vesicles were isolated and examined by TEM. Immunogold labeling was used for detection of H. pylori‐specific proteins in vesicles’ membrane. Free bacterial cells, released from yeast, were separated by immunomagnetic separation and observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). DNA of bead‐bound bacteria was used for amplification of H. pylori‐16S rDNA. Viability of bead‐bound bacteria was examined by live/dead stain and cultivation on Brucella blood agar.ResultsMicroscopic observations showed that vesicles contained bacterium‐like structures. Thin sections showed release of vesicle‐encased or free bacterium from yeast. Immunogold labeling revealed occurrence of H. pylori proteins in vesicles’ membrane. FESEM showed attachment of H. pylori cells to magnetic beads. Sequencing of 521 bp PCR product confirmed the identity of bead‐bound H. pylori. Live/dead staining showed viability of bead‐bound H. pylori but the result of culture was negative.ConclusionsEscape of intracellular H. pylori from yeast as a membrane‐bound or free bacterium indicates that H. pylori uses safe exit mechanisms that do not damage the host which is the principle of symbiotic associations. In human stomach, certain conditions may stimulate yeast cells to release H. pylori as a vesicle‐encased or free bacterium.
Quantifying rice yield gaps and their causes in Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Senthilkumar Kalimuthu , Rodenburg Jonne , Dieng Ibnou , Vandamme Elke , Sillo Fitta Silas , Johnson Jean‐Martial , Rajaona Arisoa , Ramarolahy Jemima Amielle , Gasore Rene , Abera Bayuh Belay , Kajiru Geophrey J. , Mghase Jerome , Lamo Jimmy , Rabeson Raymond , Saito Kazuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe demand for rice in Eastern and Southern Africa is rapidly increasing because of changes in consumer preferences and urbanization. However, local rice production lags behind consumption, mainly due to low yield levels. In order to set priorities for research and development aimed at improving rice productivity, there is a need to characterize the rice production environments, to quantify rice yield gaps—that is, the difference between average on‐farm yield and the best farmers’ yield—and to identify causes of yield gaps. Such information will help identifying and targeting technologies to alleviate the main constraints, and consequently to reduce existing yield gaps. Yield gap surveys were conducted on 357 rice farms at eight sites (19–50 farmers per site) across five rice‐producing countries in Eastern and Southern Africa—that is Ethiopia, Madagascar, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda—for one or two years (2012–13) to collect both quantitative and qualitative data at field and farm level. Average farm yields measured at the eight sites ranged from 1.8 to 4.3 t/ha and the average yield gap ranged from 0.8 to 3.4 t/ha. Across rice‐growing environments, major causes for yield variability were straw management, weeding frequency, growth duration of the variety, weed cover, fertilizer (mineral and organic) application frequency, levelling and iron toxicity. Land levelling increased the yield by 0.74 t/ha, bird control increased the yield by 1.44 t/ha, and sub‐optimal management of weeds reduced the yield by 3.6 to 4.4 t/ha. There is great potential to reduce the current rice yield gap in ESA, by focusing on improvements of those crop management practices that address the main site‐specific causes for sub‐optimal yields.
Opportunities and Challenges in Collaborative Reform Practice: School–Community Partnerships through Art in Korean Schools
Authors: Paek Kyong‐Mi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Korean government’s policy toward art in schools and educational autonomy has recently undergone major directional changes, with the Ministry of Education (MOE) encouraging individual schools to find their own ways to become more self‐regenerating, especially by developing community partnerships through art. This recently published policy direction has the potential to challenge traditional school practice as it demands an initiative role of schools and the active involvement of teachers in building partnerships with local communities. Concerned about the impact of the new school art policy on practice, this article attempts to clarify the opportunities and challenges involved in the expected collaborative reform practice by examining the outcomes reported by pilot schools based on their first year of implementing the new school art policy. To this end, this article first identifies the distinctive aspects of the new policy from previous studies on school–community partnerships developed in Korea over the past decade. This is followed by an identification of practical issues and needs by reviewing the outcomes of recent survey results on the perceptions of teachers who participated in conventional school–community partnership programmes. These results will be compared to the problems found in the outcomes reported by pilot schools. Findings will be discussed to assess implications and provide suggestions. This contextual analysis of practitioners’ responses to new art‐based collaborative reform practices developing in Korea may contribute to an expansion of international discussions about educational reform through art.
Gamete Donation, the Responsibility Objection, and Procreative Responsibilities
Authors: Brandt Reuven 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSophisticated arguments advanced by Harry Silverstein, David Boonin, and Jeff McMahan attempt to show that being responsible for an individual's existence need not result in an obligation to ensure that the needs of that individual are satisfied. While these arguments take place within the abortion debate, by extension they threaten causal accounts of procreative responsibility more generally. In this article, I defend causal accounts of procreative responsibility by showing that these arguments do not succeed, but without thereby undermining the permissibility of abortion. Further, while being causally involved in the existence of a person is not sufficient for acquiring procreative responsibilities, I argue that there is an especially strong case for ascribing such responsibilities to gamete donors.
Acriflavine targets oncogenic STAT5 signaling in myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Hallal Rawan , Nehme Rawan , Brachet‐Botineau Marie , Nehme Ali , Dakik Hassan , Deynoux Margaux , Dello Sbarba Persio , Levern Yves , Zibara Kazem , Gouilleux Fabrice , Mazurier Frédéric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcriflavine (ACF) is an antiseptic with anticancer properties, blocking the growth of solid and haematopoietic tumour cells. Moreover, this compound has been also shown to overcome the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. ACF has been shown to target hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) activity, which are key effectors of hypoxia‐mediated chemoresistance. In this study, we showed that ACF inhibits the growth and survival of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell lines in normoxic conditions. We further demonstrated that ACF down‐regulates STAT5 expression in CML and AML cells but activates STAT3 in CML cells in a HIF‐independent manner. In addition, we demonstrated that ACF suppresses the resistance of CML cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. Our data suggest that the dual effect of ACF might be exploited to eradicate de novo or acquired resistance of myeloid leukaemia cells to chemotherapy.
5‐Lipoxygenase promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition through the ERK signaling pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Lin Hao , Weng Junyong , Mei Haitao , Zhuang Mingkai , Xiao Xinzhu , Du Fan , Lin Liying , Wu Juhua , Chen Zhixin , Huang Yuehong , Chen Fenglin , Wang Xiaozhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and Aim5‐Lipoxygenase has been reported to enhance cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition is considered an important process for tumor metastasis and invasion.MethodsThe 5‐lipoxygenase expression levels and the prognoses in patients with gastric cancer were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and by the log‐rank test on Kaplan–Meier curves. We established 5‐lipoxygenase‐overexpressed and 5‐lipoxygenase‐silenced gastric cancer cells and measured migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition makers to examine the role of 5‐lipoxygenase in gastric cancer in vitro. In vivo, 5‐lipoxygenase‐overexpressed gastric cancer cells were administered into mice by subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection or splenic intravenous injection to study the proliferation or metastasis of 5‐lipoxygenase in mice. Using the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathway inhibitor U0126 and activator tumor growth factor‐β, we investigated the mechanism of epithelial–mesenchymal transition induced by 5‐lipoxygenase in gastric cancer cells.Results5‐Lipoxygenase was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and was related to poor overall survival in gastric cancer patients. 5‐Lipoxygenase promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells. In the nude mouse model, mice with gastric cancer tumors overexpressing 5‐LOX had a faster tumor growth rate and more severe abdominal and liver metastases than the control group. Inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling by U0126 or activation by tumor growth factor‐β neutralized the effect of 5‐LOX overexpression or silencing on epithelial–mesenchymal transition.Conclusion5‐Lipoxygenase promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer by activating the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathway.
Recent advances in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection for special populations and remaining problems
Authors: Suda Goki , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the primary causes of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation (LT). The rate of HCV infection is high in patients on hemodialysis and in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In liver transplant patients with HCV infection, recurrent HCV infection of the transplanted liver is universal and results in rapid liver fibrosis progression. In patients with HCV/HIV coinfection as well, liver fibrosis advances rapidly. Thus, there is an urgent need for prompt HCV infection treatment in these special populations (i.e. HIV/HCV coinfection, HCV infection after LT, and dialysis patients). Interferon (IFN)‐based therapy for HCV infection could not achieve a high rate of sustained viral response and could cause severe adverse events in the aforementioned special populations. Direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have recently been developed, and clinical trials have shown that IFN‐free DAA‐based therapies are associated with a significantly better safety and therapeutic profile than IFN‐based therapies. However, the majority of the initial DAA trials excluded special populations; thus, the efficacy and safety of IFN‐free DAA‐based therapy in special populations remained to be clearly established. Although recent clinical trials and clinical studies have shown the high efficacy and safety of this therapy even in special populations, several unresolved problems, including emergence of resistance‐associated variants after failure to respond to DAAs and HCC occurrence after DAA therapy, still exist. Hence, in this review, we discuss the recent advances in anti‐HCV therapy for special populations and the remaining problems regarding this therapy.
The intraspecific diversity of tooth morphology in the large‐spotted catshark Scyliorhinus stellaris: insights into the ontogenetic cues driving sexual dimorphism
Authors: Berio Fidji , Evin Allowen , Goudemand Nicolas , Debiais‐Thibaud Mélanie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTeeth in sharks are shed and replaced throughout their lifetime. Morphological dental changes through ontogeny have been identified in several species and have been correlated with shifts in diet and the acquisition of sexual maturity. However, these changes were rarely quantified in detail along multiple ontogenetic stages, which makes it difficult to infer the developmental processes responsible for the observed plasticity. In this work, we use micro‐computed tomography and 3D geometric morphometrics to describe and analyze the tooth size and shape diversity across three ontogenetic stages (hatchling, juvenile, and sexually mature) in the large‐spotted catshark Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758). We first describe the intra‐individual variation of tooth form for each sex at each ontogenetic stage. We provide a tooth morphospace for palatoquadrate and Meckelian teeth and identify dental features, such as relative size and number of cusps, involved in the range of variation of the observed morphologies. We then use these shape data to draw developmental trajectories between ontogenetic stages and for each tooth position within the jaw to characterize ontogenetic patterns of sexual dimorphism. We highlight the emergence of gynandric heterodonty between the juvenile and mature ontogenetic stages, with mature females having tooth morphologies more similar to juveniles’ than mature males that display regression in the number of accessory cusps. From these data, we speculate on the developmental processes that could account for such developmental plasticity in S. stellaris.
Familial Incarceration, Social Role Combinations, and Mental Health Among African American Women
Authors: Patterson Evelyn J. , Talbert Ryan D. , Brown Tony N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe current study uses insights from the stress process model and role theory to examine the relationship between familial incarceration, three key social roles—spouse, parent, and employee—and African American women's mental health.BackgroundResearch documents the spillover effects of mass incarceration on the families of those incarcerated. Approximately half of black women have at least one family member currently incarcerated; yet the potential psychological costs of familial incarceration among black women remains under‐investigated, particularly among those who are not parents.MethodUtilizing the National Survey of American Life, a nationally representative sample of never‐incarcerated African American women (N = 1,961), this study used regression to examine the association of mental health (measured by psychological distress and depressive symptomatology), familial incarceration, and combinations of social roles.ResultsFamilial incarceration was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and psychological distress. Women that were employed only typically had improved psychological adjustment compared to other role combinations; yet, employment did not mute the mental health costs of familial incarceration.ConclusionAfrican American women disproportionately experience the incarceration of family members, and the findings demonstrate that this experience is detrimental to mental health. Though social roles variably provide social, psychological, and economic resources to cope with familial incarceration, results show that the mental health costs of incarceration are generally consistent across role combinations. The expansive criminal justice system holds large implications for the well‐being of populations at the intersection of race, gender, and social roles.
When to install the endodontic post? First visit with root canal filling versus a separate second visit for post‐restoration: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eyuboglu Tan Firat , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe vibrations created by post‐space preparation during the first visit for endodontic treatment could have a significant effect on the intensity of post‐operative pain than that association with post‐space preparation at the second appointment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vibrations generated during post‐installation, on post‐operative pain in endodontically treated teeth.MethodsOne hundred patients with asymptomatic teeth requiring primary root canal treatment and post‐installation were enrolled in this study. Fifty patients underwent endodontic treatment with post‐installation at the first visit (group 1), while the remaining 50 patients underwent post‐installation at the second visit (group 2). The intensity of post‐operative pain in both groups was evaluated 1, 2, 3 days and 1 week after the first visit using the visual analogue scale. The time required to achieve complete pain relief for each patient was also recorded. The patients' age, sex, tooth type, size of the periapical lesion and time required for complete post‐operative pain relief for each tooth were recorded.ResultsThe pain intensity score was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (P < .05). No significant differences were observed in parameters such as sex, tooth type, jaw and size of the periapical lesion (P > .05), whereas age had a significant effect on the post‐operative pain scores (P < .05).ConclusionVibrations occurring during post‐installation on the same visit as that of root canal filling may increase the post‐operative pain.