bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Public Stress Among Jordanians During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Abdel Jalil Mariam H. , Alsous Mervat M. , Hammad Eman A. , Mousa Rimal , Saleh Mais M. , Abu Hammour Khawla 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Outbreaks and containment measures implemented to control them can increase stress in affected populations. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on perceived stress levels in the Jordanian population is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the perceived stress level and factors associated with it in the Jordanian population during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods:Required data, such as those from the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and possible predictors of perceived stress, were collected through a Web-based survey. Statistical analysis was conducted through SPSS.Results:The mean (SD) of perceived stress score was 19.8 (6.7). Regression analysis revealed that stress was increased in females, young adults, usually being stressed more than others by a health problem, increased perceived severity of the disease, increased overall worry score, and student’s worry regarding their studies/graduation. Perceived stress was decreased if participants’ self-rated health status score increased.Conclusions:In the context of increasing public health preparedness, the results of this study can be used in designing interventions to alleviate stress in susceptible segments of the Jordanian community.
Direct costs and clinical impact of adenovirus genotype 8 conjunctivitis outbreak in a neonatology unit
Authors: Angueyra María Florencia , Marcone Débora Natalia , Escarrá Florencia , Reyes Noelia Soledad , Rubies Yamile , Albas Delcys , Rodríguez Pamela Elizabeth , Vidaurreta Santiago , Carballal Guadalupe , Echavarria Marcela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To report a conjunctivitis outbreak in a neonatology intensive care unit (NICU) and determine the associated economic impact.Design:Prospective observational study.Setting:Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC) University Hospital, a private, tertiary-care healthcare institution in Buenos Aires, Argentina.Participants:The study included 52 NICU neonates and 59 NICU-related healthcare workers (HCWs) from CEMIC hospital.Methods:Neonates and HCWs were swabbed for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, viral culture, and typing by sequencing. Infection control measures, structural and logistic changes were implemented. Billing records were analyzed to determine costs.Results:From January 30 to April 28, 2018, 52 neonates were hospitalized in the NICU. Among them, 14 of 52 (21%) had bilateral conjunctivitis with pseudomembranes. Symptomatic neonates and HCWs were HAdV-D8 positive. Ophthalmological symptoms had a median duration of 18 days (IQR, 13–24.5). PCR positivity and infectious range had a median duration of 18.5 days. As part of containment measures, the NICU and the high-risk pregnancy unit were closed to new patients. The NICU was divided into 2 areas for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients; a new room was assigned for the general nursery, and all deliveries from the high-risk pregnancy unit were redirected to other hospitals. The outbreak cost the hospital US$205,000: implementation of a new nursery room and extra salaries cost US$30,350 and estimated productivity loss during 1 month cost US$175,000.Conclusions:Laboratory diagnosis confirmed the cause of this outbreak as HAdV-D8. The immediate adoption and reinforcement of rigorous infection control measures limited the nosocomial viral spread. This outbreak represented a serious institutional problem, causing morbidity, significant economic loss, and absenteeism.
Clinical impact of early reinsertion of a central venous catheter after catheter removal in patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections
Authors: Lee Yu-Mi , Ryu Byung-Han , Hong Sun In , Cho Oh-Hyun , Hong Kyung-Wook , Bae In-Gyu , Kwack Won Gun , Kim Young Jin , Chung Eun Kyoung , Kim Dong Youn , Lee Mi Suk , Park Ki-Ho 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:Early replacement of a new central venous catheter (CVC) may pose a risk of persistent or recurrent infection in patients with a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). We evaluated the clinical impact of early CVC reinsertion after catheter removal in patients with CRBSIs.Methods:We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients with confirmed CRBSIs in 2 tertiary-care hospitals over a 7-year period.Results:To treat their infections, 316 patients with CRBSIs underwent CVC removal. Among them, 130 (41.1%) underwent early CVC reinsertion (≤3 days after CVC removal), 39 (12.4%) underwent delayed reinsertion (>3 days), and 147 (46.5%) did not undergo CVC reinsertion. There were no differences in baseline characteristics among the 3 groups, except for nontunneled CVC, presence of septic shock, and reason for CVC reinsertion. The rate of persistent CRBSI in the early CVC reinsertion group (22.3%) was higher than that in the no CVC reinsertion group (7.5%; P = .002) but was similar to that in the delayed CVC reinsertion group (17.9%; P > .99). The other clinical outcomes did not differ among the 3 groups, including rates of 30-day mortality, complicated infection, and recurrence. After controlling for several confounding factors, early CVC reinsertion was not significantly associated with persistent CRBSI (OR, 1.59; P = .35) or 30-day mortality compared with delayed CVC reinsertion (OR, 0.81; P = .68).Conclusions:Early CVC reinsertion in the setting of CRBSI may be safe. Replacement of a new CVC should not be delayed in patients who still require a CVC for ongoing management.
Litigating climate change through international law: Obligations strategy and rights strategy
Authors: Meguro Maiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLitigation has presented itself as a serious means to vindicate normative commitments about climate change by forcing governments to review their policy priorities. Today, the use of such litigation is not limited to the domestic arena. International law now provides the new principal avenue for such litigation. Two litigation strategies stand out: obligations strategy and rights strategy. Obligations strategy consists of bestowing an erga omnes character to existing obligations regarding the protection of the global environment, thereby providing standing for a non-injured party before international courts. Rights strategy, on the other hand, significantly increases in practice. It consists in the invocation, before national and international courts, of remedies for environmental damages through the legal categories of human rights law.This article sheds light on the potential and limits of these litigation strategies in international law. The argument builds on the specific evolution in the legal architecture of international obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The current structure of the UNFCCC now makes it substantially impossible to bring a claim against individual states regarding their specific measures against climate change. The article, by referring to the history of drafting which produced the specific structure, questions the ability of these litigation strategies to remedy the lack of international consensus and to accommodate the technical intricacy of how to turn normative commitments into actual action for climate change.
Triangle-degrees in graphs and tetrahedron coverings in 3-graphs
Authors: Falgas-Ravry Victor , Markström Klas , Zhao Yi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate a covering problem in 3-uniform hypergraphs (3-graphs): Given a 3-graph F, what is c1(n, F), the least integer d such that if G is an n-vertex 3-graph with minimum vertex-degree
$\delta_1(G)>d$
then every vertex of G is contained in a copy of F in G?We asymptotically determine c1(n, F) when F is the generalized triangle
$K_4^{(3)-}$
, and we give close to optimal bounds in the case where F is the tetrahedron
$K_4^{(3)}$
(the complete 3-graph on 4 vertices).This latter problem turns out to be a special instance of the following problem for graphs: Given an n-vertex graph G with
$m> n^2/4$
edges, what is the largest t such that some vertex in G must be contained in t triangles? We give upper bound constructions for this problem that we conjecture are asymptotically tight. We prove our conjecture for tripartite graphs, and use flag algebra computations to give some evidence of its truth in the general case.
Environmental-social-economic footprints of consumption and trade in the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Yang Lan , Wang Yutao , Wang Ranran , Klemeš Jiří Jaromír , Almeida Cecília Maria Villas Bôas de , Jin Mingzhou , Zheng Xinzhu , Qiao Yuanbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAsia-Pacific (APAC) has been the world’s most dynamic emerging area of economic development and trade in recent decades. Here, we reveal the significant and imbalanced environmental and socio-economic effects of the region’s growths during 1995–2015. Owing to the intra-regional trade of goods and services, APAC economies grew increasingly interdependent in each other’s water and energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) and PM2.5 emissions, and labor and economic productivity, while the environmental and economic disparity widened within the region. Furthermore, our results highlight APAC’s significant role in globalization. By 2015, APAC was engaged in 50–71% of the virtual flows of water, energy, GHG, PM2.5, labor, and value added embodied in international trade. While the region’s final demand and trade grew less resource- and emissions-intensive, predominantly led by China’s transformations, APAC still lags behind global averages after two decades. More joint efforts of APAC economies and attention to sustainable transformation are needed.
l-Cysteine-mediated modulation of copper trafficking in prostate cancer cells: an in vitro and in vivo investigation with 64Cu and 64Cu-PET
Authors: Bartnicka Joanna J , Al-salemee Fahad , Firth George , Blower Philip J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Copper imbalance is implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Copper in blood is mainly transported by carrier proteins but a small fraction is bound to low molecular weight species, possibly amino acids. Their roles in cellular copper delivery are unknown. Our aim was to test whether accumulation of 64Cu into cancer-derived cells can be influenced by copper-binding serum amino acids. In vitro cellular accumulation of 64Cu was measured in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution in the presence of 100 μM l-histidine, l-methionine, l-cysteine and l-threonine. l-Cysteine markedly increased 64Cu accumulation and retention in DU145, PC3 and SK-OV-3 cells, while some other cell lines did not show an effect. This effect was not due to 64Cu delivery in the form of a 64Cu–cysteine complex, nor to reduction of 64Cu(ii) to 64Cu(i) by l-cysteine. Pre-incubation of cells with l-cysteine increased 64Cu accumulation, even if l-cysteine was removed from HBSS before 64Cu was added. The effect of l-cysteine on 64Cu accumulation was not mediated by increased glutathione synthesis. Despite the demonstrable in vitro effect, pre-injection of l-cysteine precursor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in vivo did not enhance 64Cu delivery to DU145 xenografts in mice. Instead, it decreased 64Cu accumulation in the DU145 tumour and in brain, as assessed by PET imaging. We conclude that 64Cu is not delivered to DU145 cancer cells in vitro as a complex with amino acids but its cellular accumulation is enhanced by l-cysteine or NAC influx to cells. The latter effect was not demonstrable in vivo in the DU145 xenograft.
A mass spectrometry-based approach gives new insight into organotin–protein interactions
Authors: Will Jonas M , Erbacher Catharina , Sperling Michael , Karst Uwe 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, the combination of speciation analysis and native mass spectrometry is presented as a powerful tool to gain new insight into the diverse interactions of environmentally relevant organotin compounds (OTCs) with proteins. Analytical standards of model proteins, such as β-lactoglobulin A (LGA), were thereby incubated with different phenyl- and butyltins. For adduct identification and characterization, the incubated samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in combination with size exclusion chromatography (SEC). It allowed for a mild separation, which was most crucial to preserve the acid-labile organotin–protein adducts during their analyses. The binding of triorganotin compounds, such as triphenyltin, was shown to be sulfhydryl-directed by using cysteine-specific protein labeling. However, the sole availability of reduced cysteine residues in proteins did not automatically enable adduct formation. This observation complements previous studies and indicates the necessity of a highly specific binding pocket, which was identified for the model protein LGA via enzymatic digestion experiments. In contrast to triorganotins, their natural di- and mono-substituted degradation products, such as dibutyltin, revealed to be less specific regarding their binding to several proteins. Further, it also did not depend on reduced cysteine residues within the protein. In this context, they can probably act as linker molecules, interconnecting proteins, and leading to dimers and probably to higher oligomers. Furthermore, dibutyltin was observed to induce hydrolysis of the protein's peptide backbone at a specific site. Concerning unknown long-term toxic effects, our studies emphasize the importance of future studies on di- and mono-substituted OTCs.
Reduktion des Besucher- und Personal- assoziierten Infektionsrisikos
durch komplexe Intervention auf perinatologischen Stationen
Authors: Seliger Gregor , Krol Inna , Worlitzsch Dieter , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Moritz Stefan , Tchirikov Michael 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel dieser prospektiven, klinischen Studie ist der Nachweis
für perinatologische Stationen: (a) dass eine komplexe Intervention
die Compliance bzgl. Händehygiene bei Besuchern, Geschwisterkindern
und Personal verbessert und (b) dass automatisierte Sprachansagen am
Desinfektionsmittelspender die Rate effektiv durchgeführter
Händedesinfektionen erhöhen.
Studiendesign (a) Pretest-Posttest-Follow-up-Design mit Kontroll-
(1–12/2016), Interventions- (1–12/2017),
Follow-up-Kontroll-Periode (1/2018–12/2019). (b)
Randomisiert-kontrollierter Studienteil im quasi Crossover-Design.
Primäre Endpunkte: (a) Desinfektionsmittelverbrauch pro
Patientenliegetag (b) DMV am Desinfektionsmittelspender pro Passant am
Eingang zu den Stationen.
Ergebnisse Die multimodale Strategie innerhalb der
Interventions-Periode zeigte einen relevanten positiven Effekt auf die
Compliance bzgl. Händehygiene (Interventions-Periode: 26,2%
mehr DMV; p=0,088). Sprachansagen steigern den
Desinfektionsmittelverbrauch um 28,6% (p=0,025).
Sekundärendpunkte: Die Odds-Ratio für den Vergleich
hochpositiver Fingerkuppen-Abklatschproben zwischen Kontroll- und
Interventions-Periode bei Besucher-Kindern lag bei 0,35 (95% CI
[0,1074–0,9708] p=0,039).
Schlussfolgerungen Eine komplexe Intervention inklusive
Awareness-fördernder Maßnahmen und automatisierter
Sprachansagen am Desinfektionsmittelspender sind auf perinatologischen
Stationen wirksam. Installation von Desinfektionsmittelspendern in
kindgerechter Position und adäquates Informationsmaterial spricht
auch Kinder an. Die Daten stellen z. B. in einer Pandemie-Situation
einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Optimierung von Handhygienemaßnahmen von
Personal und Besuchern in Krankenhäusern dar.
Tricompartmental, Remote Intracerebral Hemorrhages Following Drainage of a Unilateral Chronic Subdural Hematoma: An Appraisal of the Pathogenesis
Authors: Krishnan Prasad , Ghosh Nabanita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage is a rare and unanticipated complication after burr hole drainage of a chronic subdural hematoma and usually occurs on the same side as the hematoma. In the absence of bleeding diathesis, iatrogenic injury or hypertension, it is commonly attributed to sudden expansion of the compressed brain, following rapid and uncontrolled removal of the subdural hematoma. Other factors like differential expansion of the various intracranial contents, abrupt changes in hemispheric balance, precipitous increase in focal cerebral blood flow, and unforeseen increase in cerebral venous pressure consequent to faulty positioning may also contribute to the pathogenesis of this complication.
Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Spinal Cord Injury: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Wecht Jill M. , Harel Noam Y. , Guest James , Kirshblum Steven C. , Forrest Gail F. , Bloom Ona , Ovechkin Alexander V. , Harkema Susan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts autonomic circuits and impairs synchronistic functioning of the autonomic nervous system, leading to inadequate cardiovascular regulation. Individuals with SCI, particularly at or above the sixth thoracic vertebral level (T6), often have impaired regulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction of the peripheral vasculature and the splanchnic circulation, and diminished control of heart rate and cardiac output. In addition, impaired descending sympathetic control results in changes in circulating levels of plasma catecholamines, which can have a profound effect on cardiovascular function. Although individuals with lesions below T6 often have normal resting blood pressures, there is evidence of increases in resting heart rate and inadequate cardiovascular response to autonomic provocations such as the head-up tilt and cold face tests. This manuscript reviews the prevalence of cardiovascular disorders given the level, duration and severity of SCI, the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, short- and long-term consequences, and empirical evidence supporting management strategies to treat cardiovascular dysfunction following a SCI.
Surgical Approaches to the Orbit: A Neurosurgical Perspective
Authors: Abussuud Zeid , Ahmed Shahzada , Paluzzi Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrbital pathologies can be complex to manage surgically. In this article, we describe some of the most common and relevant approaches to orbital tumours. For each approach we describe the appropriate indications, surgical technique, potential complications, and illustrate a case example.
Hemostasis and Liver Regeneration
Authors: Starlinger Patrick , Luyendyk James P. , Groeneveld Dafna J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe liver is unique in its remarkable regenerative capacity, which enables the use of liver resection as a treatment for specific liver diseases, including removal of neoplastic liver disease. After resection, the remaining liver tissue (i.e, liver remnant) regenerates to maintain normal hepatic function. In experimental settings as well as patients, removal of up to two-thirds of the liver mass stimulates a rapid and highly coordinated process resulting in the regeneration of the remaining liver. Mechanisms controlling the initiation and termination of regeneration continue to be discovered, and many of the fundamental signaling pathways controlling the proliferation of liver parenchymal cells (i.e., hepatocytes) have been uncovered. Interestingly, while hemostatic complications (i.e., bleeding and thrombosis) are primarily thought of as a complication of surgery itself, strong evidence suggests that components of the hemostatic system are, in fact, powerful drivers of liver regeneration. This review focuses on the clinical and translational evidence supporting a link between the hemostatic system and liver regeneration, and the mechanisms whereby the hemostatic system directs liver regeneration discovered using experimental settings.
Preoperative Emergency Department Visits Are Predictive of 90-Day Postoperative Emergency Department Visits and Discharge Disposition in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Kiskaddon Eric M. , Soehnlen Neil T. , Erb Eric , Froehle Andrew W. , Green Uthona , Krishnamurthy Anil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe increasing number of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has resulted in efforts to better understand patient utilization of healthcare services in the 90-day postoperative period. The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether emergency department (ED) visits in the year prior to elective TKA were predictive of postoperative ED visits in the 90-day global period following surgery. A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients undergoing TKA from June 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 at a Veterans Affairs hospital. Total number of ED visits in the year prior to surgery and 90 days following surgery were tabulated. Binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses were utilized to determine if preoperative ED visits were predictive of postoperative ED visits. The significance level was set to α = 0.05. Overall, 611 eligible TKA procedures were performed. The logistic regression model for postoperative ED visits was significant (p < 0.001), with the number of preoperative ED visits (1 vs. 0: p < 0.001; 2 vs. 1: p = 0.012) and presence of diabetes (p = 0.007) both predicting the likelihood of a postoperative ED visit. Healthcare changes that are redefining the concept of quality of care to include the postoperative care episode, coupled with an increasingly aging population in need of TKA, will continue to challenge orthopaedic surgeons to provide safe, competent, and cost-effective care to patients. The results of this study demonstrate that a patient's propensity to visit the ED prior to TKA is predictive of a tendency to do so postoperatively and is of use to surgeons when evaluating and counselling patients who will be undergoing a TKA.
D2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria Type II with Subdural Hemorrhage Identified in a 3-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Green Jennie , Rao Vinod , Currie Melissa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubdural hemorrhage in association with D2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2-HGA) Type II has only been described once in the medical literature in a 15-month-old child (1). Our case report describes a much younger 3-month-old infant previously diagnosed with D2-HGA Type II, who presented clinically with seizures and identified to have bilateral subdural hematomas concerning for possible physical abuse. This case report discusses the genetic diagnosis of D2-HGA and interpretation of subdural hemorrhage in context of evaluating possible physical abuse concerns. When an underlying medical condition is known to be present and a child presents with findings that may be concerning for physical abuse, it is critical to consider the possibility that the underlying medical condition may contribute to or may be the cause of the findings.
Clathrin light chain diversity regulates membrane deformation in vitro and synaptic vesicle formation in vivo
Authors: Redlingshöfer Lisa , McLeod Faye , Chen Yu , Camus Marine D. , Burden Jemima J. , Palomer Ernest , Briant Kit , Dannhauser Philip N. , Salinas Patricia C. , Brodsky Frances M. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
This study reveals that diversity of clathrin light chain (CLC) subunits alters clathrin properties and demonstrates that the two neuronal CLC subunits work together for optimal clathrin function in synaptic vesicle formation. Our findings establish a role for CLC diversity in synaptic transmission and illustrate how CLC variability expands the complexity of clathrin to serve tissue-specific functions.