bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐free synthesis and 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of N‐methyl‐C‐(2‐furyl) nitrone in a ball mill and anticancer activities of the new cycloadducts
Authors: Chakraborty Bhaskar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn efficient method of mechanochemistry for the synthesis of N‐methyl‐C‐(2‐furyl) nitrone and intermolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions with activated alkenes and electron deficient alkynes has been studied by employing ball milling technique. This method is found to accelerate significantly the reaction rate and improved yields of isoxazolidine and isoxazoline derivatives. A comparative study with the corresponding solvent‐free microwave‐induced reaction showed the superiority of the ball milling method. Significant anticancer activity of the new molecules have made this protocol more attractive. All the new isoxazolidine and isoxazoline derivatives have been screened for anticancer activities and were found to be active.
The digitalization of operations and supply chain management: Theoretical and methodological implications
Authors: Holmström Jan , Holweg Matthias , Lawson Benn , Pil Frits K. , Wagner Stephan M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe digitalization of intra‐ and inter‐organizational processes offers significant opportunity for research in the field of operations and supply chain management (OSCM). This essay summarizes the contributions of the special issue articles, highlighting their focus on additive manufacturing and the encapsulation of design and production information in a digital artifact. We conceptualize the digital artifact as containing the digital genes of the associated physical object. Digital encapsulation thus involves the integration of product design information with additional information on how that design is to be translated into a physical object, delivered to the customer, and used. Building on insights from the special issue articles, we identify three pathways by which digital encapsulation affects OSCM practice, as well as theory elaboration and extension. First, digital encapsulation allows each unique digitally encapsulated artifact to be acted on independently by OSCM systems. Second, digital encapsulation enables the redistribution of activities across organizational and geographic landscapes. Third, digital encapsulation facilitates interactivity of the digital artifact with external environment inputs. We conclude with a number of directions for future research.
When do appointments of corporate sustainability executives affect shareholder value?
Authors: Arora Priyank , Hora Manpreet , Singhal Vinod , Subramanian Ravi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver the last two decades, firms have been appointing corporate sustainability executives (CSEs) to be part of their top management teams. Although there is a vast literature on sustainable practices and their relationships with various measures of firm performance, little is known about the nature of the empirical link between CSE appointments and financial performance. We add to the understanding of this link by estimating the stock market reactions to a sample of 115 announcements of CSE appointments made by firms during the period 2000–2018. Our findings using event study methodology, followed by regression analyses, suggest that although the stock market reaction to CSE appointments is not significantly different from zero, the stock market reacts more, or less positively under certain firm‐ and industry‐specific conditions. We find that the stock market reaction is more positive in instances where the announcing firms faced a prior adverse sustainability‐related incident, and less positive for announcing firms that operate in industries that face relatively higher levels of regulatory sanctions. Also, we find that the stock market reaction is more positive when firms announce CSE appointments with focused as compared to broad responsibilities. Additionally, we find that CSE appointments are associated with subsequent improvements in operating performance—partly driven by a decrease in total costs and partly by an increase in sales. Overall, our findings support the strategy of appointing CSEs to top management teams and enable executives and stakeholders to more deeply understand the shareholder value and operating performance effects of appointing CSEs.
Amniotic Suspension Allograft Modulates Inflammation in a Rat Pain Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kimmerling Kelly A. , Gomoll Andreas H. , Farr Jack , Mowry Katie C. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) affects over 301 million adults worldwide. Inflammation is a recognized component of the OA process; two potent pro‐inflammatory cytokines involved in OA are interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α. Placental‐derived tissues and fluids are known to contain anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines and growth factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effects of amniotic suspension allograft (ASA) in an in vivo model of OA; we evaluated pain, function, and cytokine levels following ASA treatment in the rat monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) OA pain model. Rats were injected with 2 mg of MIA, which causes pain, cartilage degeneration, and inflammation, followed by treatment with saline, triamcinolone (positive control), or ASA 7 days following disease induction with MIA. Behavioral assays, including gait analysis, mechanical pain threshold, incapacitance, and swelling were evaluated, along with histology and serum and synovial fluid biomarkers. Treatment with ASA resulted in significant improvements in pain threshold, while weight bearing aversion and swelling were significantly decreased. There were no differences between groups in total joint score after histological grading. Serum biomarkers did not show differences, indicating a lack of systemic response; however, synovial fluid levels of IL‐10 were significantly increased in animals treated with ASA. ASA treatment significantly reduced pain, weight‐bearing aversion and swelling. This study provides mechanistic data regarding potential therapeutic effects of ASA in OA and preliminary evidence of the anti‐inflammatory nature of ASA. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1141‐1149, 2020
Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Management of Attic Cholesteatoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Das Arindam , Mitra Sandipta , Ghosh Debasish , Sengupta Arunabha 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo compare endoscopic transcanal approach to attic cholesteatoma with conventional microscopic transcanal techniqueMethodsSeventy‐eight patients diagnosed with attic cholesteatoma were randomly assigned into two groups—one undergoing endoscopic approach and the other microscopic technique. The two groups were compared in terms of area of exposure, access to hidden areas in terms of Middle Ear Structural Visibility Index (MESVI), intraoperative time, postoperative pain, vertigo, long‐term hearing, and surgical outcomes.ResultsThe mean area of exposure in endoscopic atticotomy required was less than that in microscopic group and was found to be statistically significant. The median MESVI for endoscopic group better than that for microscopic group (P < .0001). The mean operating time in endoscopic approach was less than that in case of microscopic approach, with P < .05. The median postoperative pain score in the endoscopic group was less than that in microscopic group (P < .05). No significant difference was found between two groups in terms of vertigo experienced at the end of first week and air‐bone gap closure. When long‐term surgical outcomes were assessed at 1 year, in endoscopic group, one patient had disease recurrence, one cartilage displacement, one perforation, and two had retraction pocket formation. In the microscopic group, two patients had recurrence, four cartilage displacement, one perforation, and five retraction pocket formation.ConclusionEndoscopic management of limited attic cholesteatoma has definite advantages over the conventional microscopic approach.Level of Evidence1 Laryngoscope, 130:2461–2466, 2020
Characterization of the corrosion performances of as‐cast Mg–Al and Mg–Zn magnesium alloys with microarc oxidation coatings
Authors: Xue Yuna , Pang Xin , Jiang Bailing , Jahed Hamid , Wang Di 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present study, corrosion‐protective microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on AZ31B, AZ80, and ZK60 cast magnesium alloy substrates in an alkaline silicate electrolyte. The corrosion performances of the uncoated and MAO‐coated alloys were investigated using electrochemical and salt spray chamber corrosion tests. The microstructure characterization and experimental results show that among the three alloys studied, the ZK60 Mg alloy exhibited the best and AZ31B the least corrosion resistance under the salt spray conditions. The MAO coating provided robust corrosion protection of the Mg substrates and resulted in a significant decrease in the corrosion rate of the alloys by 3–4 orders of magnitude. The MAO coating on ZK60 alloy showed better corrosion protectiveness than that on the AZ series alloys due to the incorporation of different alloying elements in the coating, especially the Zn and Al elements, which are from the Mg substrate. The corrosion performances and mechanisms of the uncoated and MAO‐coated Mg alloys are interpreted in terms of the microstructure and phase/chemical compositions of both the substrates and coatings.
Characterizing the winter meteorological drivers of the European electricity system using targeted circulation types
Authors: Bloomfield Hannah C. , Brayshaw David J. , Charlton‐Perez Andrew J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRenewable electricity is a key enabling step in the decarbonization of energy. Europe is at the forefront of renewable deployment and this has dramatically increased the weather sensitivity of the continent's power systems. Despite the importance of weather to energy systems, and widespread interest from both academia and industry, the meteorological drivers of European power systems remain difficult to identify and are poorly understood. The present study presents a new and generally applicable approach, targeted circulation types (TCTs). In contrast to standard meteorological weather‐regime or circulation‐typing schemes, TCTs convolve the weather sensitivity of an impacted system of interest (in this case, the electricity system) with the intrinsic structures of the atmospheric circulation to identify its meteorological drivers. A new 38 year reconstruction of daily electricity demand and renewable supply across Europe is used to identify the winter large‐scale circulation patterns of most interest to the European electricity grid. TCTs provide greater explanatory power for power system variability and extremes compared with standard meteorological typing. Two new pairs of atmospheric patterns are highlighted, both of which have marked and extensive impacts on the European power system. The first pair resembles the meridional surface pressure dipole of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), but shifted eastward into Europe and noticeably strengthened, while the second pair is weaker and corresponds to surface pressure anomalies over Central Southern and Eastern Europe. While these gross qualitative patterns are robust features of the present European power systems, the detailed circulation structures are strongly affected by the amount and location of renewables installed.
A quantitative comparison between a navigated Cartesian and a self‐navigated radial protocol from clinical studies for free‐breathing 3D whole‐heart bSSFP coronary MRA
Authors: Heerfordt John , Stuber Matthias , Maillot Aurélien , Bianchi Veronica , Piccini Davide 
Published: December 2019

PurposeNavigator‐gated 3D bSSFP whole‐heart coronary MRA has been evaluated in several large studies including a multi‐center trial. Patient studies have also been performed with more recent self‐navigated techniques. In this study, these two approaches are compared side‐by‐side using a Cartesian navigator‐gated and corrected (CNG) and a 3D radial self‐navigated (RSN) protocol from published patient studies.MethodsSixteen healthy subjects were examined with both sequences on a 1.5T scanner. Assessment of the visibility of coronary ostia and quantitative comparisons of acquisition times, blood pool homogeneity, and visible length and sharpness of the right coronary artery (RCA) and the combined left main (LM)+left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries were performed. Paired sample t‐tests with P < .05 considered statistically significant were used for all comparisons.ResultsThe acquisition time was 5:40 ± 0:28 min (mean ± SD) for RSN, being significantly shorter than the 16:59 ± 5:05 min of CNG (P < .001). RSN images showed higher blood pool homogeneity (P < .001). All coronary ostia were visible with both techniques. CNG provided significantly higher vessel sharpness in the RCA (CNG: 50.0 ± 8.6%, RSN: 34.2 ± 6.9%, P < .001) and the LM+LAD (CNG: 48.7 ± 6.7%, RSN: 32.3 ± 7.1%, P < .001). The visible vessel length was significantly longer in the LM+LAD using CNG (CNG: 9.8 ± 2.7 cm, RSN: 8.5 ± 2.6 cm, P < .05) but not in the RCA (CNG: 9.7 ± 2.3 cm, RSN: 9.3 ± 2.9 cm, P = .29).ConclusionCNG provided superior vessel sharpness and might hence be the better option for examining coronary lumina. However, its blood pool inhomogeneity and prolonged and unpredictable acquisition times compared to RSN may make clinical adoption more challenging.
Imaging the distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles in hypothermic perfused tissues
Authors: Ring Hattie L. , Gao Zhe , Sharma Anirudh , Han Zonghu , Lee Charles , Brockbank Kelvin G. M. , Greene Elizabeth D. , Helke Kristi L. , Chen Zhen , Campbell Lia H. , Weegman Bradley , Davis Monica , Taylor Michael , Giwa Sebastian , Fahy Gregory M. , Wowk Brian , Pagotan Roberto , Bischof John C. , Garwood Michael 
Published: December 2019

PurposeHerein, we evaluate the use of MRI as a tool for assessing iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) distribution within IONP perfused organs and vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) (i.e., hindlimbs) prepared for cryopreservation.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging was performed on room‐temperature organs and VCAs perfused with IONPs and were assessed at 9.4 T. Quantitative T1 mapping and ‐weighted images were acquired using sweep imaging with Fourier transformation and gradient‐echo sequences, respectively. Verification of IONP localization was performed through histological assessment and microcomputer tomography.ResultsQuantitative imaging was achieved for organs and VCAs perfused with up to 642 mMFe (36 mgFe/mL), which is above previous demonstrations of upper limit detection in agarose (35.7mMFe [2 mgFe/mL]). The stability of IONPs in the perfusate had an effect on the quality of distribution and imaging within organs or VCA. Finally, MRI provided more accurate IONP localization than Prussian blue histological staining in this system, wherein IONPs remain primarily in the vasculature.ConclusionUsing MRI, we were able to assess the distribution of IONPs throughout organs and VCAs varying in complexity. Additional studies are necessary to better understand this system and validate the calibration between T1 measurements and IONP concentration.
Prediction of Probabilistic Detonation Threshold via Millimeter‐Scale Microstructure‐Explicit and Void‐Explicit Simulations
Authors: Miller Christopher , Kittell David , Yarrington Cole , Zhou Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present an approach and relevant models for predicting the probabilistic shock‐to‐detonation transition (SDT) behavior and Pop plot (PP) of heterogeneous energetic materials (HEM) via mesoscopic microstructure‐explicit (ME) and void explicit (VE) simulations at the millimeter (mm) sample size scale. Although the framework here is general, the particular material considered in this paper is pressed Octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,2,3,5‐tetrazocine (HMX). To systematically delineate the effects of material heterogeneities, four material cases are considered. These cases are homogeneous material, material with granular microstructure but no voids, homogeneous material with voids, and material with both granular microstructure and voids. Statistically equivalent microstructure sample sets (SEMSS) are generated and used. Eulerian hydrocode simulations explicitly resolve the material heterogeneities, voids, and the coupled mechanical‐thermal‐chemical processes. In particular, it is found that both microstructure and voids strongly influence the SDT behavior and PP. The effects of different combinations of microstructure heterogeneity and voids on the SDT process and PP are quantified and rank‐ordered. The overall framework uses the Mie–Grüneisen equation of state and a history variable reactive burn model (HVRB). A novel probabilistic representation for quantifying the PP is developed, allowing the calculation of (1) the probability of observing SDT at a given combination of shock pressure and run distance, (2) the run‐distance to detonation under a given combination of shock pressure and prescribed probability, and (3) the shock pressure required for achieving SDT at a given run distance with a prescribed probability. The results are in agreement with general trends in experimental data in the literature.
A sliding mode controller for a model of flow separation in boundary layers
Authors: Sanchez Tonametl , Polyakov Andrey , Richard Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a sliding mode controller for a MIMO model of flow separation in boundary layers. The model consists in a bilinear system with constant delays in both the state and the input. The main motivation to consider such a class of systems is that it has shown to be suitable for input‐output modeling and control design of some turbulent flow control systems. Stability and robustness properties of the control scheme are studied by means of Volterra equations theory, which provides easily verifiable stability conditions.
Performance implications of incremental transition and discontinuous jump between exploration and exploitation
Authors: Kang Jingoo , Kim Sang‐Joon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryLiterature suggests that firms may approximate ambidexterity over time by alternating between periods of exploration and exploitation. We theorize and empirically test performance implications of two types of temporal transition between exploration and exploitation and their boundary conditions. We find that a discontinuous jump has a negative effect on firm performance while an incremental transition has a positive effect. We also find that the role of firm resources and particularly that of non‐scale‐free resources is critical in shaping the performance effects of the two types of temporal transition. Our findings indicate that the two types of temporal transition have distinct advantages and disadvantages.Managerial SummaryFirms need to make use of old ideas and search for new ideas to remain competitive. We argue that firms take different approaches to achieve this goal. We find that firms that alternate between old and new ideas in an incremental and continuous manner perform better than firms that switch abruptly between old and new ideas. We also find that the performance effects of the two approaches are more pronounced for firms with limited resources. This finding warns managers of the danger of an abrupt and discontinuous jump between old and new ideas, especially for firms with limited resources.
Topological strings on genus one fibered Calabi-Yau 3-folds and string dualities
Authors: Cota Cesar Fierro , Klemm Albrecht , Schimannek Thorsten 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We calculate the generating functions of BPS indices using their modular properties in Type II and M-theory compactifications on compact genus one fibered CY 3-folds with singular fibers and additional rational sections or just N -sections, in order to study string dualities in four and five dimensions as well as rigid limits in which gravity decouples. The generating functions are Jacobi-forms of Γ1(N) with the complexified fiber volume as modular parameter. The string coupling λ, or the ϵ± parameters in the rigid limit, as well as the masses of charged hypermultiplets and non-Abelian gauge bosons are elliptic parameters. To understand this structure, we show that specific auto-equivalences act on the category of topological B-branes on these geometries and generate an action of Γ1(N) on the stringy Kähler moduli space. We argue that these actions can always be expressed in terms of the generic Seidel-Thomas twist with respect to the 6-brane together with shifts of the B-field and are thus monodromies. This implies the elliptic transformation law that is satisfied by the generating functions. We use Higgs transitions in F-theory to extend the ansatz for the modular bootstrap to genus one fibrations with N -sections and boundary conditions fix the all genus generating functions for small base degrees completely. This allows us to study in depth a wide range of new, non-perturbative theories, which are Type II theory duals to the CHL ℤN orbifolds of the heterotic string on K3 × T2. In particular, we compare the BPS degeneracies in the large base limit to the perturbative heterotic one-loop amplitude with $$ {R}_{+}^2{F}_{+}^{2g-2} $$

R
+
2

F
+

2
g
−
2

insertions for many new Type II geometries. In the rigid limit we can refine the ansatz and obtain the elliptic genus of superconformal theories in 5d.
HAS3-induced extracellular vesicles from melanoma cells stimulate IHH mediated c-Myc upregulation via the hedgehog signaling pathway in target cells
Authors: Arasu Uma Thanigai , Deen Ashik Jawahar , Pasonen-Seppänen Sanna , Heikkinen Sami , Lalowski Maciej , Kärnä Riikka , Härkönen Kai , Mäkinen Petri , Lázaro-Ibáñez Elisa , Siljander Pia R-M , Oikari Sanna , Levonen Anna-Liisa , Rilla Kirsi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntercellular communication is fundamental to the survival and maintenance of all multicellular systems, whereas dysregulation of communication pathways can drive cancer progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cell-to-cell communication that regulate a variety of cellular processes involved in tumor progression. Overexpression of a specific plasma membrane enzyme, hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3), is one of the factors that can induce EV shedding. HAS3, and particularly its product hyaluronan (HA), are carried by EVs and are known to be associated with the tumorigenic properties of cancer cells. To elucidate the specific effects of cancerous, HAS3-induced EVs on target cells, normal human keratinocytes and melanoma cells were treated with EVs derived from GFP-HAS3 expressing metastatic melanoma cells. We found that the HA receptor CD44 participated in the regulation of EV binding to target cells. Furthermore, GFP-HAS3-positive EVs induced HA secretion, proliferation and invasion of target cells. Our results suggest that HAS3-EVs contains increased quantities of IHH, which activates the target cell hedgehog signaling cascade and leads to the activation of c-Myc and regulation of claspin expression. This signaling of IHH in HAS3-EVs resulted in increased cell proliferation. Claspin immunostaining correlated with HA content in human cutaneous melanocytic lesions, supporting our in vitro findings and suggesting a reciprocal regulation between claspin expression and HA synthesis. This study shows for the first time that EVs originating from HAS3 overexpressing cells carry mitogenic signals that induce proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in target cells. The study also identifies a novel feedback regulation between the hedgehog signaling pathway and HA metabolism in melanoma, mediated by EVs carrying HA and IHH.