bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fahrzeugbrände in offenen Parkhäusern
Authors: Müller Georg , Bartl Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDieser Beitrag bietet eine Hilfestellung für den Entwurf und die Bemessung der Tragkonstruktionen von Parkdecks. Oberirdische, offene Parkhäuser spielen eine wichtige Rolle im Bereich der Zubringer zum öffentlichen Personenverkehr, aber auch für große außerurbane Versammlungsorte und Arbeitsstätten. Der statische Entwurf eines Parkdecks wird durch die spätere Nutzung vorgegeben, insbesondere durch die Abmessungen der Stell‐ und Fahrflächen. Die Auswirkungen auf den Entwurf werden im gegenständlichen Beitrag abgeleitet.Eine wesentliche Komponente für den Entwurf des Tragsystems ist der Widerstand der Konstruktion gegenüber der Brandbelastung. Durch den Entfall von Erhaltungsaufwendungen bieten gegen Brand ungeschützte Stahlkonstruktionen Vorteile für den Erhalter des Bauwerks. In der Planung ist eine entsprechende Bemessung für den Brandfall erforderlich. Es werden an einem konkreten Beispiel einer ungeschützten Tragkonstruktion aus Stahl/Stahlbetonverbundträger unterschiedliche Brandszenarien und deren Auswirkung auf die Bemessungsstellen behandelt. Der Brand im Parkhaus wird durch ein Naturbrandmodell realitätsnah berechnet und mit der Einheitstemperaturkurve verglichen. Die veränderbaren Entwurfsparameter mit Einfluss auf die Brandbelastung werden variiert und deren Auswirkungen untersucht. Der Unterschied zwischen ungeschützten Stahlkonstruktionen mit Beschichtung und mit Feuerverzinkung wird ermittelt.
Definition and quality requirements for stereotactic radiotherapy: consensus statement from the DEGRO/DGMP Working Group Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery
Authors: Guckenberger Matthias , Baus Wolfgang W. , Blanck Oliver , Combs Stephanie E. , Debus Jürgen , Engenhart-Cabillic Rita , Gauer Tobias , Grosu Anca L. , Schmitt Daniela , Tanadini-Lang Stephanie , Moustakis Christos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStereotactic radiotherapy with its forms of intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), intracranial fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is today a guideline-recommended treatment for malignant or benign tumors as well as neurological or vascular functional disorders. The working groups for radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) and for physics and technology in stereotactic radiotherapy of the German Society for Medical Physics (DGMP) have established a consensus statement about the definition and minimal quality requirements for stereotactic radiotherapy to achieve best clinical outcome and treatment quality in the implementation into routine clinical practice.
Crosstalk reduction in fiber links using double polarization
Authors: Badraoui Nada , Berceli Tibor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe fiber optic link is one of the main segments of up-to-date telecommunication systems. Developing low cost, ultra reliable systems with very low latency for massive machine to machine and enhanced broadband mobile networks is a hot research topic. Motivated by this we investigated the polarization multiplexing technique applicable in fiber optic links because it can be used for increasing the transmission capacity. In the present paper a novel approach, the double polarization multiplex method is investigated. In that case the crosstalk between two polarization states is one of the main issues. As a result of crosstalk, the two channels composed by double polarization can disturb each other significantly. Crosstalk can appear due to any imperfection in the fiber and in the optical circuitry of the transmitter and receiver. In this paper, we propose a new method for reducing the effect of crosstalk even in the case of high-speed long-distance transmission. The applicability of the new concept is validated by experiments. A bit error rate better than 10−6 has been achieved over a 7 km long fiber carrying 12 Gbit/s NRZ modulation. That result is significantly better than the already published experimental data using 2, 5 Gbit/s bit rate. The cross polarization discrimination is also improved by 10–15 dB.
Polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase in the population of Polish patients with carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Drozdz-Afelt Joanna M. , Koim-Puchowska Beata , Klosowski Grzegorz , Kaminski Piotr 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was frequency analysis ofGSTM1,GSTT1, andGSTP1polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase in the group of patients with prostate cancer and in a control group of healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was isolated; molecular analysis of glutathione S-transferaseM1andT2polymorphisms was performed using multiplex PCR and RFLP methods. The products of the PCR reaction were then visualized in agarose gel, and a statistical analysis of the results was performed. No statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms between 66 patients with prostate cancer and the control group (64 healthy volunteers). TheGSTM1gene deletion was found in ca. 47% of patients with prostate cancer and in ca. 55% of the controls. TheGSTT1deletion was found in approximately 17% of patients and 14% of the controls. The distribution ofGSTP1 Ile/Ile,Ile/Val, andVal/Valpolymorphisms was ca. 51.5%, 39%, and 9% in the group of patients and 61%, 34%, and 5% in the control group, respectively. The results indicate that there is no relationship between glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and prostate cancer in the study group, which is a novelty when compared with the previous work on the role of these genetic variants in the etiology of cancer.
Machine Learning und empirische Rechnungslegungsforschung: Einige Erkenntnisse und offene Fragen
Authors: Sellhorn Thorsten 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der digitalen Transformation von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft ergeben sich zunehmend Anwendungsfelder für Ansätze des maschinellen Lernens nicht nur in der Rechnungslegungspraxis, sondern auch in der betriebswirtschaftlichen Forschung auf diesem Gebiet. Der nachfolgende Beitrag diskutiert selektiv einige Einsatzgebiete von Machine-Learning-Ansätzen in der Unternehmensberichterstattung, der Abschlussprüfung sowie der Unternehmensanalyse und -bewertung. Zudem werden aktuelle und potenzielle Anwendungen in der empirischen Forschung aufgezeigt sowie limitierende Faktoren diskutiert.
Bandoperation bei betagten Frauen – Nutzen/Risiko?
Authors: Kölbl Heinz , Halpern Ksenia 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Implantation spannungsfreier Bänder („tension free vaginal tape“ [TVT]) ist eine minimalinvasive Technik zur Behandlung der Belastungsinkontinenz. Um den Stellenwert und die Besonderheiten der Methode bei älteren Menschen zu evaluieren, wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed mit den Stichworten „urinary incontinence“/„tension free vaginal tape“/„stress incontinence“ AND „elderly“ durchgeführt. Angesichts der demografischen Entwicklung weltweit erweist sich die Harninkontinenz im Alter als zunehmendes medizinisches und sozioökonomisches Problem. Ein TVT kann selbst bei Hochaltrigen unter folgenden Bedingungen ins Auge gefasst werden: grundsätzlich fehlende Kontraindikation gegen einen chirurgischen Eingriff; Vorliegen einer Belastungs- oder Mischinkontinenz (mit hohem Belastungsanteil); Versagen der konservativen Therapie. Unter der Voraussetzung von Operationswunsch und gegebener Operabilität zeigen die Langzeitergebnisse des TVT über 11 Jahre eine persistierende Kontinenzrate von mehr als 80 %. Die Operation ist sicher und effektiv, geht allerdings mit einer erhöhten Rate von postoperativen Harnwegsinfekten und De-Novo-Dranginkontinenz einher.
Examining the Phenomenon of Resilience in Schools
Authors: Caleon Imelda S. , King Ronnel B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. School resilience refers to positive adaptation despite experiences of significant school-related stressors. We conducted two studies focusing on the development and validation of a new measure of school resilience – the School Resilience Scale (SRS): Study 1 involved Grade 8 students ( n = 1,159) and Study 2 involved Grade 8 and Grade 9 students ( n = 190) in Singapore. The results of both studies suggest that the SRS comprised one second-order factor underpinned by four first-order factors, which correspond to resilience in relation to stressors emanating from academics, family, teachers, and peers. This factor structure was found invariant across gender and Socio-Economic Status (SES). The SRS had satisfactory 2-month and 3-month test–retest reliability. In Study 1, school resilience was found to be a significant positive predictor of the adaptive dimensions of academic motivation but did not serve as a significant predictor of amotivation. In Study 2, school resilience was found to be a positive predictor of academic achievement and life satisfaction but a negative predictor of depressive symptoms. These results held even after controlling for students’ gender and SES, as well as general resilience. Our findings demonstrate the potential of SRS as a comprehensive and valid measure of subjective school resilience for adolescents.
Substantial Cloud Brightening From Shipping in Subtropical Low Clouds
Authors: Diamond Michael S. , Director Hannah M. , Eastman Ryan , Possner Anna , Wood Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe influence of aerosol particles on cloud reflectivity remains one of the largest sources of uncertainty in our understanding of anthropogenic climate change. Commercial shipping constitutes a large and concentrated aerosol perturbation in a meteorological regime where clouds have a disproportionally large effect on climate. Yet, to date, studies have been unable to detect climatologically relevant cloud radiative effects from shipping, despite models indicating that the cloud response should produce a sizable negative radiative forcing (perturbation to Earth's energy balance). We attribute a significant increase in cloud reflectivity to enhanced cloud droplet number concentrations within a major shipping corridor in the southeast Atlantic. Prevailing winds constrain emissions around the corridor, which cuts through a climatically important region of expansive low cloud cover. We use universal kriging, a classic geostatistical method, to estimate what cloud properties would have been in the absence of shipping. In the morning, cloud brightening is consistent with changes in microphysics alone, whereas in the afternoon, increases in cloud brightness from microphysical changes are offset by decreases in the total amount of cloud water. We calculate an effective radiative forcing within the southeast Atlantic shipping corridor of approximately −2 W/m2. Several years of data are required to identify a clear signal.Extrapolating our results globally, we calculate an effective radiative forcing due to aerosol‐cloud interactions in low clouds of −1.0 W/m2 (95% confidence interval: −1.6 to −0.4 W/m2). The unique setup in the southeast Atlantic could be an ideal test for the representation of aerosol‐cloud interactions in climate models.
Electrical Conductivity of Clinopyroxene‐NaCl‐H2O System at High Temperatures and Pressures: Implications for High‐Conductivity Anomalies in the Deep Crust and Subduction Zone
Authors: Sun Wenqing , Dai Lidong , Li Heping , Hu Haiying , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Mengqi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectrical conductivities of the clinopyroxene (Cpx)‐NaCl‐H2O system with various salinities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 wt%) and fluid fractions (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 vol%) were measured at 1 GPa and 673–973 K. For comparison with electrical properties of the Cpx‐NaCl‐H2O system, the conductivities of dry Cpx, hydrous Cpx, and a Cpx‐H2O system were researched at the same temperature and pressure. The experimental results included (1) the electrical conductivities of all samples that were associated with Cpx and the temperatures conform to the Arrhenius relationship that is used to fit the activation enthalpy, which decreased with increasing salinity (mass fraction of NaCl in saline fluids) and fluid fraction (volume fraction of saline fluids in the Cpx‐NaCl‐H2O system); (2) at a fixed fluid fraction of 10 vol%, the conductivities of the Cpx‐NaCl‐H2O system increased slightly with an increase in salinity, and the gap between the conductivities of the systems with 5 and 25 wt% saline fluids was approximately 1 order of magnitude; (3) at a fixed salinity of 5 wt%, the conductivity of the Cpx‐NaCl‐H2O system with 25 vol% saline fluids was approximately 1.5 orders of magnitude higher than that of the system with 5 vol% saline fluids. Furthermore, it was proposed that the unusually high conductivities of southern Tibetan Plateau, Dabie Orogen, Grenville province and central New Zealand can be caused by clinopyroxene with interconnected saline fluids with corresponding salinities and fluid fractions.
Downstream Evolution of the East Australian Current System: Mean Flow, Seasonal, and Intra‐annual Variability
Authors: Kerry Colette , Roughan Moninya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe East Australian Current (EAC) varies on both seasonal and mesoscale eddy related timescales, with important impacts for weather, primary productivity, and fisheries. While the EAC and its eddies have been the subject of many synoptic studies, a consistent three‐dimensional picture of the current, its downstream evolution, and the associated seasonal and intra‐annual variability is lacking. We use a 22‐year model simulation to quantify the EAC's temporal and latitudinal variability, from where it flows as a mostly coherent jet (27° S) to its separation from the coast (31–33° S), its energetic eddy field in the Tasman Sea and its southern extension. We show that the current intensifies and deepens poleward toward the separation latitude; the mean poleward transport reaches a maximum of 26.8 Sv and the seasonal cycle amplitude peaks at 6.2 Sv. Over the separation region, the EAC core broadens and shallows, mean poleward transport is lower and the transport standard deviation peaks at 22.0 Sv. The meandering EAC jet is modulated at interannual timescales, while the eddy driven transport over the separation region has a strong annual modulation, related to the annual cycle in eddy kinetic energy. SSH variability at intra‐annual frequencies is described primarily by an alongshore propagating mode and an onshore propagating mode, demonstrating that mesoscale SSH variability stems from a combination of intrinsic instabilities of the EAC jet and westward propagating Rossby waves. The results provide the first holistic analysis of the EAC system along its latitudinal range.
The aging human body shape
Authors: Frenzel Alexander , Binder Hans , Walter Nadja , Wirkner Kerstin , Loeffler Markus , Loeffler-Wirth Henry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBody shape and composition are heterogeneous among humans with possible impact for health. Anthropometric methods and data are needed to better describe the diversity of the human body in human populations, its age dependence, and associations with health risk. We applied whole-body laser scanning to a cohort of 8499 women and men of age 40–80 years within the frame of the LIFE (Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases) study aimed at discovering health risk in a middle European urban population. Body scanning delivers multidimensional anthropometric data, which were further processed by machine learning to stratify the participants into body types. We here applied this body typing concept to describe the diversity of body shapes in an aging population and its association with physical activity and selected health and lifestyle factors. We find that aging results in similar reshaping of female and male bodies despite the large diversity of body types observed in the study. Slim body shapes remain slim and partly tend to become even more lean and fragile, while obese body shapes remain obese. Female body shapes change more strongly than male ones. The incidence of the different body types changes with characteristic Life Course trajectories. Physical activity is inversely related to the body mass index and decreases with age, while self-reported incidence for myocardial infarction shows overall the inverse trend. We discuss health risks factors in the context of body shape and its relation to obesity. Body typing opens options for personalized anthropometry to better estimate health risk in epidemiological research and future clinical applications.
Metaproteomics characterizes human gut microbiome function in colorectal cancer
Authors: Long Shuping , Yang Yi , Shen Chengpin , Wang Yiwen , Deng Anmei , Qin Qin , Qiao Liang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with alterations in gut microbiome. Previous studies have focused on the changes of taxonomic abundances by metagenomics. Variations of the function of intestinal bacteria in CRC patients compared to healthy crowds remain largely unknown. Here we collected fecal samples from CRC patients and healthy volunteers and characterized their microbiome using quantitative metaproteomic method. We have identified and quantified 91,902 peptides, 30,062 gut microbial protein groups, and 195 genera of microbes. Among the proteins, 341 were found significantly different in abundance between the CRC patients and the healthy volunteers. Microbial proteins related to iron intake/transport; oxidative stress; and DNA replication, recombination, and repair were significantly alternated in abundance as a result of high local concentration of iron and high oxidative stress in the large intestine of CRC patients. Our study shows that metaproteomics can provide functional information on intestinal microflora that is of great value for pathogenesis research, and can help guide clinical diagnosis in the future.
Highly stable superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as functional draw solutes for osmotically driven water transport
Authors: Kim Changwoo , Lee Junseok , Schmucker Daniel , Fortner John D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, we develop and demonstrate highly stable organic-coated engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), which provide effective osmotic pressure without aggregation, reverse diffusion, or membrane blocking (by nanoparticles) for osmotically driven membrane systems, considering both forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). For this, we synthesized highly water stable, monodisperse 12 nm IONPs with a rational series of water stabilizing surface coatings, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyethylene glycol (PEG). We then compared the library of surface functionalized IONPs as draw solutes for osmotic pressure-driven membrane processes. As synthesized, surface (organic) coatings are compact, thin, and can have very similar surface charge as the membrane itself, which results in effective osmotic pressure in forward osmosis (FO) mode configuration. To increase the osmotic pressure further, on a per mass basis, we synthesized and demonstrated novel hollow IONPs with identical surface coatings. Finally, water flux was further enhanced for stable particle systems using an oscillating magnetic field, thus physically altering concentration gradients, as a function of particle magnetic properties.
Retinal neurodegeneration in patients with end-stage renal disease assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Jung Susanne , Bosch Agnes , Ott Christian , Kannenkeril Dennis , Dienemann Thomas , Harazny Joanna M. , Michelson Georg , Schmieder Roland E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) represents a reliable tool for retinal layer volume and thickness measurement. The aim of this study was to evaluate retinal changes indicating neurodegenerative processes in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) compared to healthy controls. This was a cross-sectional, single-center study comprising 32 ESRD patients and 38 controls. Sectoral retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and retinal layer volumes were obtained by SD-OCT. Age- and gender-adjusted retinal layer volumes such as total retinal volume (p = 0.037), ganglion cell layer volume (GCL, p = 0.003), ganglion cell layer – inner plexiform layer volume (GCL-IPL, p = 0.005) and inner retinal layer volume (IRL, p = 0.042) of the right eye were lower in ESRD patients. Inner plexiform layer volume of both eyes (IPL, right eye: p = 0.017; left eye: 0.044) was reduced, as was RNFL thickness in the temporal superior sector (right eye: p = 0.016). A subgroup analysis excluding patients with diabetes revealed that GCL (p = 0.014) and GCL-IPL volume of the right eye (p = 0.024) and temporal superior sector of the RNFL scan (p = 0.021) in ESRD patients were still significantly thinner. We observed a decrease in several retinal layer volumes and temporal RNFL thickness indicative of retinal neurodegenerative processes in patients with ESRD.
Mucosal delivery of CpG-ODN mimicking bacterial DNA via the intrapulmonary route induces systemic antimicrobial immune responses in neonatal chicks
Authors: Goonewardene Kalhari , Ahmed Khawaja Ashfaque , Gunawardana Thushari , Popowich Shelly , Kurukulasuriya Shanika , Karunarathna Ruwani , Gupta Ashish , Ayalew Lisanework E. , Lockerbie Betty , Foldvari Marianna , Tikoo Suresh , Willson Philip , Gomis Susantha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe transition to antibiotic-free poultry production in the face of pathogenic threats is a very challenging task. We recently demonstrated that mucosal delivery of CpG-ODN alone by the intrapulmonary route (IPL) has potential as an effective alternative to antibiotics in neonatal chicks againstEscherichia colisepticemia. How exactly mucosal delivery of CpG-ODN elicits, protective antibacterial immunity remained poorly understood. In this study, CpG-ODN or saline was delivered via the intrapulmonary route to day-old chicks (n = 80/group) using a compressor nebulizer in an acrylic chamber (1 mg/mL CpG-ODN for 15 minutes). In the first part of the study, two days after mucosal CpG-ODN delivery, 40 chicks from each group were challenged subcutaneously with 1 × 105cfu (n = 20) or 1 × 106cfu (n = 20) ofE. coliand the mortality pattern was monitored for seven days. We found significantly higher survival, better clinical conditions and lower bacterial loads in chicks that received mucosal CpG-ODN. To explore the mechanisms behind this protective immunity, we first looked at the kinetics of the cytokine gene expression (three birds/ group/ time for 10 time-points) in the lungs and spleens. Multiplex gene analysis demonstrated a significant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes mRNA in the CpG-ODN group. Interleukin (IL)-1β robustly upregulated many folds in the lung after CpG-ODN delivery. Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor (LITAF) and IL-18 showed expression for an extended period in the lungs. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was upregulated in both lungs and spleen, whereas IL-4 showed upregulation in the lungs. To investigate the kinetics of immune enrichment in the lungs and spleens, we performed flow cytometry, histology, and immunohistochemistry at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after CpG-ODN delivery. CpG-ODN treated lungs showed a significant enrichment with monocytes/macrophages and CD4+and CD8+T-cell subsets. Macrophages in CpG-ODN treated group demonstrated mature phenotypes (higher CD40 and MHCII expression). Importantly, mucosal delivery of CpG-ODN via the intrapulmonary route significantly enriched immune compartment in the spleen as well, suggesting a systemic effect in neonatal chicks. Altogether, intrapulmonary delivery of aerosolized CpG-ODN orchestrates protective immunity againstE. colisepticemia by not only enhancing mucosal immunity but also the systemic immune responses.