bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S‐Allylcysteine Inhibits PhIP/DSS‐Induced Colon Carcinogenesis through Mitigating Inflammation, Targeting Keap1, and Modulating Microbiota Composition in Mice
Authors: Lin Wei‐Sheng , Lai Ying‐Jang , Kalyanam Nagabhushanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: October 2020

ScopeThe objective of the present study is to investigate whether edible S‐allylcysteine (SAC) has chemoprophylactic effects on inflammation‐associated colon carcinogenesis induced in mice through 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) exposure and promoted by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and whether its cancer‐prevention effects are related to the modulation of gut microbiota composition.Methods and resultsDietary administration of 0.05% SAC in mice for 18 weeks prevents shortening of the colon length and reduces the number of colon polyps. The SAC supplementation markedly decreases PhIP/DSS‐induced plasma and colon tissue pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These changes are accompanied by the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX‐2, and MMP‐2 protein expression in colon tissue. In addition, the dietary administration of SAC increases heme oxygenase‐1 expression through activation of the NF‐E2‐related factor 2 pathway, thus abating PhIP/DSS‐induced colitis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicate that SAC counteracted the PhIP/DSS‐induced gut dysbiosis, resulting in a microbiota composition similar to the control group.ConclusionThe results indicate that SAC can suppress PhIP/DSS‐induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Hence, SAC may merit further clinical investigation as a chemoprevention strategy for retarding colitis‐associated colon cancer in humans.
169Yb‐based rotating shield brachytherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Adams Quentin , Hopfensperger Karolyn M. , Kim Yusung , Wu Xiaodong , Flynn Ryan T. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo present a system for the treatment of prostate cancer in a single‐fraction regimen using 169Yb‐based rotating shield brachytherapy (RSBT) with a single‐catheter robotic delivery system. The proposed system is innovative because it can deliver RSBT through multiple implanted needles independently, in serial, using flexible catheters, with no inter‐needle shielding effects and without the need to rotate multiple shielded catheters inside the needles simultaneously, resulting in a simple, mechanically robust, delivery approach. RSBT was compared to conventional 192Ir‐based high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (HDR‐BT) in a treatment planning study with dose escalation and urethral sparing goals, representing single‐fraction brachytherapy monotherapy and brachytherapy as a boost to external beam radiotherapy, respectively. A prototype mechanical delivery system was constructed and quantitatively evaluated as a proof of concept.MethodsTreatment plans for twenty‐six patients with single fraction prescriptions of 20.5 and 15 Gy, were created for dose escalation and urethral sparing, respectively. The RSBT and HDR‐BT delivery systems were modeled with one partially shielded 999 GBq (27 Ci) 169Yb source and one 370 GBq (10 Ci) 192Ir source, respectively. A prototype angular drive system for helical source delivery was constructed. Mechanical accuracy measurements of source translational position and angular orientation in a simulated treatment delivery setup were obtained using the prototype system.ResultsFor dose escalation, with equivalent urethra D10%, PTV D90% for RSBT vs HDR‐BT increased from 22.6 ± 0.0 Gy (average ± standard deviation) to 29.3 ± 0.9 Gy, or 29.9 % ± 3.0%, with treatment times of 51.4 ± 6.1 min for RSBT and 15.8 ± 2.3 min for 10 Ci 192Ir‐based HDR‐BT. For urethra sparing, with equivalent PTV D90%, urethra D10% for RSBT vs HDR‐BT decreased for RSBT vs HDR‐BT from 15.6 ± 0.4 Gy to 12.0 ± 0.4 Gy, or 23.1% ± 3.5%, with treatment times of 30.0 ± 3.7 min for RSBT and 12.3 ± 1.8 min for HDR‐BT. Differences between measured vs predicted rotating catheter positions (corresponding to source position) were within 0.18 mm ± 0.12 mm longitudinally and 0.07° ± 0.78°.Conclusion169Yb‐based RSBT can increase PTV D90% or decrease urethral D10% relative to HDR‐BT with treatment times of less than 1 h using a single‐source robotic delivery system with treatment delivered in a single fraction. The prototype helical delivery system was able to demonstrate adequate mechanical accuracy.
Reporting of social deprivation in musculoskeletal trials: An analysis of 402 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Smith Toby O. , Kamper Steven J. , Williams Christopher M. , Lee Hopin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocial deprivation is broadly defined as the restriction of access an individual has to social or cultural interactions due to poverty, discrimination or other disadvantages. While social deprivation is a widely acknowledged determinant of outcome in musculoskeletal conditions, it remains unclear how this is considered in the conduct and interpretation of musculoskeletal trials.AimTo determine the frequently to which measures of social deprivation are reported in trials recruiting people with musculoskeletal diseases.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a Pubmed search of randomised controlled trials published between 01 January 2019 and 01 June 2020. We included full‐text papers of trials recruiting people with musculoskeletal diseases, irrespective of intervention type or origin. We extracted data relating to trial characteristics, setting, trial design, funding source and musculoskeletal disease. We extracted data on any reported social deprivation index or measure of social deprivation based on internationally adopted indicators. We analysed data descriptively to summarise the reporting of each social deprivation index and measure of social deprivation within trials.ResultsFrom 2133 potentially eligible citations, 402 were eligible. Mean age of participants was 51.7 years; 63% were female. Trials most frequently recruited people with spinal pain (24.6%) or osteoarthritis (10.0%). Two trials (0.5%) reported social deprivation indices/scores. When assessed by discrete measures of social deprivation, 164 trials (40.8%) reported one or more social deprivation measures. The most commonly reported measures were morbidity (20.2%), employment status (17.7%) and educational attainment (15.5%). Race (6.7%), ethnicity (6.2%) and annual salary (1.3%) were infrequently reported. One trial (0.3%) presented subgroup results by social deprivation measures.Discussion and ConclusionSocial deprivation is inconsistently reported in musculoskeletal trials. Trialists should report baseline measures of social deprivation in trial reports and aid generalisability to target population, and to examine whether social deprivation might modify treatment effects of interventions for musculoskeletal conditions.
Reconnecting with the past and anticipating the future: A review of fisheries‐derived cultural ecosystem services in pre‐Hispanic Peru
Authors: López de la Lama Rocío , de la Puente Santiago , Sueiro Juan Carlos , Chan Kai M. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMarine ecosystems play a key role in human wellbeing, particularly in the Global South through small‐scale fisheries (SSF). While many have speculated that such activities are central to the provision of cultural benefits (such as cultural identity and heritage values), there are key information gaps regarding SSF cultural contributions to societies and their historical importance.In this paper, we sought to identify and characterize the historical cultural benefits derived from SSF in Peru and their transformative role for early societies’ development.We carried out an extensive review of archaeological literature focusing on early coastal Peruvian settlements, cultures and civilizations (i.e. pre‐Hispanic period: 13,000 BCE–1532 CE).Our results suggest that the interaction between coastal dwellers and marine ecosystems in Peru is ancient, reciprocal and dynamic. These interactions were crucial for social transformation in Peru across millennia. Through fisheries, the first coastal Peruvians enjoyed multiple cultural benefits that entail a range of experiences, identities and beliefs. These benefits were susceptible to social and environmental changes, while the same benefits allowed early dwellers to gain more capabilities to evolve socially and to shape their environment.Understanding the evolving interaction between environmental spaces and cultural practices may provide valuable insights for improving current and future marine resources and seascape management.Through this paper, we call for a reflection on the past, present and future of SSF, and their valuable role within society. Based on ample evidence we conclude that SSF are not only a food‐producing activity, but also a highly important cultural practice for coastal Peruvians.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Differentiation of groups of patients with cognitive complaints at breast cancer diagnosis: Results from a sub‐study of the French CANTO cohort
Authors: Hardy‐Leger Isabelle , Charles Cécile , Lange Marie , Joly Florence , Roux Pauline , Capel Aurélie , Petrucci Jean , Rigal Olivier , Le Fel Johan , Vanlemmens Laurence , Everhard Sibille , Martin Anne‐Laure , Vaz Luis Ines , Coutant Charles , Cottu Paul , Levy Christelle , Lerebours Florence , Andre Fabrice , Licaj Idlir , Dauchy Sarah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveCognitive complaints are more frequent in women with breast cancer (BC) than in healthy controls and can be present before any treatment. Findings regarding contributive factors remain inconsistent. This study aimed to identify different groups of patients with cognitive complaints at BC diagnosis and to determine whether these different groups were associated with demographic, medical, or psychological characteristics.MethodsCognitive complaints were assessed in a subset of 264 women from the French multicenter prospective CANTO cohort, at baseline before any treatment. Clustering analyzes were performed using the six‐cognitive dimension Costa's scoring of the FACT‐Cog V3. Univariable analyses were used to study how cognitive function (standardized neuropsychological tests, ICCTF), anxiety, depression, fatigue, and quality of life (HADS, FA12, QLQ‐C30) were associated with specific cognitive complaints groups.ResultsResults included 263 women (54±11 years), newly diagnosed with BC (69% stages I–III). Four distinct groups emerged, ranged from “no complaints” (22.8%), “low complaints” (55.1), “mixed complaints” (14.5%), to “consistent complaints” (7.6%). No significant differences were found in terms of demographic and medical factors between the four groups. However, the groups with higher proportions of patients with complaints were found to have more impairment in executive function, higher scores of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and fatigue, and lower quality of life, than the groups with lower proportions of cognitive complaints.ConclusionUsing complete cognitive assessment prior to BC treatment, we identified four distinct cognitive complaints groups with specific characteristics. This work provides valuable clinical basis to further investigations for a better understanding of cognitive complaints and their associates.
Developing a Theoretical Approach for Accurate Determination of the Density and Thermochemical Properties of Energetic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Li Yang , Oommen Charlie , Sarathy S. Mani 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnergetic ionic liquids (EILs) are novel explosives and propellants which are useful for a variety of military and industrial applications. The physicochemical properties of EILs play an important role in determining their performance in practical applications. In this study, a combination of ab initio and empirical methods has been developed to accurately predict the key properties of EILs: a) temperature‐dependent heat of formation (ΔHf), entropy (S) and heat capacity (Cp) of cation/anion pairs in the gas phase; b) 298 K density (ρ) and heat of formation (ΔHf) of EILs in the condensed phase. Ab initio methods were selected based on comprehensive validations of the thermochemical properties of closed shell molecules (glyoxal), open shell radicals (vinylperoxy), triplet carbines (oxoethylidene), and the densities of various simple salts (LiF, NaF, KF, MgF2, CaF2, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2). The CBS‐APNO/G3/G4//M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory was selected for the calculation of geometries, frequencies, energies, etc., and the CBS‐APNO level of theory was chosen for calculating the original volumes of cations and anions. The proposed methods/approach calculated: a) the gas‐phase thermochemistry of the cation/anion pairs of simple salts (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, F− and Cl−) and six triazolium‐based energetic salts (ESs) or EILs representatives (3‐azido1,2,4‐triazolium, 1‐methyl‐3‐azido‐1,2,4‐triazolium, 1,4‐dimethyl‐3‐azido‐1,2,4‐triazolium, nitrate and perchlorate), b) the condensed‐phase density, lattice energy and heat of formation of ESs/EILs (3‐azido1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate, 3‐azido‐1,2,4‐triazolium perchlorate, 1‐methyl‐3‐azido‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate, 1‐methyl‐3‐azido‐1,2,4‐triazolium perchlorate, 1,4‐dimethyl‐3‐azido‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate and 1,4‐dimethyl‐3‐azido‐1,2,4‐triazolium perchlorate). In comparison with experimental and theoretical results in literature, excellent agreement was observed for all properties. Overall, discrepancies were less than 10 %, a clear indication of the reliability of proposed methods/approach.
Beirut ammonium nitrate explosion: Are not we really learning anything?
Authors: Pasman Hans J. , Fouchier Charline , Park Sunhwa , Quddus Noor , Laboureur Delphine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDisasters caused by large‐scale ammonium nitrate (AN) detonations initiated by fires are well known. The Beirut explosion is again a very sad event with disastrous consequences, but it is not a surprise in the sense of a new phenomenon. It is tragic that calamities with AN occur despite ample guidelines for prevention. Knowledge of the decomposition of AN over the years has greatly progressed, as well how to initiate a detonation with a strong shock wave from a high explosive charge. However, to reproduce the initiation of a detonation by a fire under controlled laboratory conditions never succeeded. The details of the transition of decomposing AN to a detonation remained an open question. Is it a deflagration to detonation mechanism, or is it a shock to detonation one? Knowledge of this may further help process safety measures for the product. The paper will bring research contributions from over a century together, it will develop a scenario how this disaster could happen in Beirut, how much of the AN contributed to the blast, and how further research effort could be beneficial. In addition, the paper estimates the TNT mass equivalent of the AN detonation in Beirut employing three different methods.
Effectiveness of long‐lasting insecticide netting on Tribolium castaneum is modulated by multiple exposures, biotic, and abiotic factors
Authors: Gerken Alison R , Scully Erin D , Campbell James F , Morrison William R 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevention is the first line of defense in mitigating losses of post‐harvest crops. Long‐lasting insecticide treated (LLIN) could be used in food facilities to expose insects to insecticide at different areas within a facility. Prior research has shown that single short exposures reduce movement and longer exposures increase mortality for stored‐product insect pests, but we do not know how multiple short duration exposures and biotic and abiotic conditions affect insects exposed to LLIN. Here, we repeatedly exposed red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum, to LLIN to assess the cumulative effects. We also examined the effects of beetle age and time of day during exposure, and temperature, humidity and food availability during recovery after a single exposure to LLIN.RESULTSWe found that four repeated 10‐min exposures had similar knockdown effects as a single 30‐min exposure. We also found that beetles were more affected when aged 1–6 days versus 14–20 days or were exposed at mid‐ or late in the day versus earlier in the day. Higher recovery levels were observed with food and at higher relative humidity. In addition, older beetles were more active than younger beetles during exposure, which could reduce time in contact with netting and partially explain why older beetles tended to be less affected.CONCLUSIONSome individuals can recover after exposure to LLIN, dependent on exposure duration and environmental factors, but our study shows that sublethal effects likely persist and future work should consider the physiology of T. castaneum before, during, and after exposure to LLIN. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Novel C‐arm based planning spine surgery robot proved in a porcine model and quantitative accuracy assessment methodology
Authors: Kim Hyung Cheol , Jeon Hyeongseok , An Seong Bae , Kim Hongho , Hwang Sungteac , Cha Yongyeob , Moon Seohyun , Shin Dong Ah , Ha Yoon , Kim Keung Nyun , Yoon Do Heum , Yi Seong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed pedicle screw accuracy utilizing a novel navigation‐based spine surgery robotic system by comparing planned pathways with placed pathways in a porcine model.MethodsWe placed three mini screws per vertebra for accuracy evaluation and used a reference frame for registration in four pigs (46 screws in 23 vertebrae). We planned screw paths and performed screw insertion under robot guidance. Using C‐arm and CT images, we evaluated accuracy by comparing the 3D distance of the placed screw head/tip from the planned screw head/tip and 3D angular offset.ResultsMean registration deviation between the preoperative 3D space (C‐arm) and postoperative CT scans was 0.475 ± 0.119 mm. The average offset from preoperative plan to final placement was 4.8 ± 2.0 mm from the head (tail), 5.3 ± 2.3 mm from the tip and 3.9 ± 2.4 degrees of angulation.ConclusionsOur spine surgery robot showed good accuracy in executing an intended planned trajectory and screw path. This faster and more accurate robotic system will be applied in future studies, first in cadavers and subsequently in the clinical field.
Enhanced Solar‐Driven‐Heating and Tough Hydrogel Electrolyte by Photothermal Effect and Hofmeister Effect
Authors: Wei Junjie , Wei Gumi , Wang Zhipeng , Li Wenjun , Wu Dongbei , Wang Qigang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough plenty of progress and achievements are made on hydrogel electrolyte researches, the inherent inferior low‐temperature performance of hydrogel electrolyte is still a severe challenge for wider application on the energy storage devices, due to the high content of water within hydrogel. Herein, an enhanced solar‐driven‐heating composite hydrogel electrolyte and a solar‐driven‐heating graphene based micro‐supercapacitor are developed utilizing the photothermal conversion ability and self‐initiation of MoS2 nanosheets and additional Hofmeister effect. The MoS2 composite hydrogel electrolyte not only improves the reliability of micro‐supercapacitor owing to its splendid mechanical properties, but also endows the micro‐supercapacitor with superior low‐temperature electrochemical performance and broadens its operating environment to a much lower temperature (−56 °C), which should be attributed to the excellent ability in converting endless solar energy into required thermal energy. These efforts would construct a new application platform for solar energy conversion and present an efficient method to structure severe‐cold resistant solid state energy storage devices for next‐generation.
System of systems uncertainty quantification using machine learning techniques with smart grid application
Authors: Raz Ali K. , Wood Paul C. , Mockus Linas , DeLaurentis Daniel A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSystem‐of‐Systems capability is inherently tied to the participation and performance of the constituent systems and the network performance which connects the systems together. It is imperative for the SoS stakeholders to quantify the SoS capability and performance to any uncertain variations in the system participation and network outages so that the system participation is incentivized and network design optimized. However, given the independent operations, management, and objectives of constituent systems, along with an increasing number of systems that collectively become a part of SoS, it becomes difficult to obtain a closed analytical function for SoS performance characterization. In this paper, we investigate and compare two machine learning techniques, Artificial Neural Network and Parametric Bayesian Estimation, to obtain a predictive model of the SoS given the uncertainty in the constituent system participation and the network conditions. We demonstrate our approach on a smart grid SoS application example and describe how the two machine learning techniques enable SoS robustness and resilience analysis by quantifying the uncertainty in the model and SoS operations. The results of smart grid example establish the value of SoS uncertainty quantification (UQ) and show how smart grid operators can utilize UQ models to maintain the desired robustness as operating conditions evolve and how the designers can incorporate low‐cost networks into the SoS while maintaining high performance and resilience.
A Recalibration of Theatre’s Hypermediality
Authors: Crossley Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is often proposed that the unique capacity of theatre is that it allows all media hosted within it to manifest themselves in their own particular forms. This chapter pursues Lars Elleström’s notion that theatre is indeed highly multimodal and integrates many basic and qualified media, prompting a recalibration of current definitions of a hypermedium incorporating all arts and media. The author contends that, alongside the significance of material mobility, there are specific temporal, spatial and sensorial modes that are fundamental in defining the mechanics and the potential of the hypermedium. This interplay of modalities creates new forms of hybrid signification through particulardialogues of immediacy and hypermediacy,participant authorship,angles of mediationandangles of exclusivity, transporting theatre into new and sometimes challenging relationships with other assertive qualified media types, notably what the author refers to as thearchitecture of commerce.
Electronic Screens in Film Diegesis: Modality Modes and Qualifying Aspects of a Formation Enhanced by the Post-digital Era
Authors: Virginás Andrea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe proliferation of television screens, video monitors and computer or mobile screens in film diegetic worlds is an apparently simple numeric increase of certain objects within the filmed space, conditioned by, and thus mirroring, contemporary technological changes. However, one should consider this intermediary screenic formation as a complex and versatile audiovisual and narrative method that could have emerged in this frequency only in our current post-digital era. This chapter argues that fine-tuning the model of media functioning presented in Elleström’s “The Modalities of Media” for this specific phenomenon enables a more precise description of the process along which the three presemiotic media modalities morph into the semiotic one. By presenting a systematic description of electronic screens in film diegetic worlds, and a general assessment of the intermedial processes at work, the chapter examines Euro-American films influenced by the video, respectively, the digital era and technology.