bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional brain glucose uptake following gastric bypass surgery during normo- and hypoglycemic clamp: a pilot FDG-PET study
Authors: Fanni Giovanni , Kvernby Sofia , Radhi Sadiq , Mathioudaki Argyri , Sundbom Magnus , Haller Sven , Roman Erika , Wikström Johan , Lubberink Mark , Eriksson Jan W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to characterize the RYGB-induced changes in the dynamics of brain glucose uptake. We addressed heterogeneity between brain regions during experimental normo- and hypoglycemia and explored associations with anthropometric and metabolic outcomes of RYGB.

Methods
Analyses of regional brain glucose uptake were performed on 9 individuals with obesity and no diabetes, investigated with combined brain 18F-FDG-PET and fMRI during hyperinsulinemic normo- and hypoglycemic clamp, one month before and four months after RYGB. FDG clearance, reflecting glucose uptake rate, was assessed in 38 brain regions, covering all cortical areas and subcortical nuclei, during hyperinsulinemic normo- and hypoglycemia. Correlation analyses were performed to identify associations with other outcomes of RYGB.

Results
FDG uptake rate during hypoglycemia was higher than during normoglycemia in all brain regions, both before and after RYGB. Moreover, in most regions and especially in cortical areas involved in inhibitory behavioral control, FDG uptake rate tended to be reduced after surgery during normoglycemia but elevated during hypoglycemia. However, these post-surgical changes in FDG uptake rate were opposite in the hypothalamus. Thus, the hypo-to-normoglycemia FDG clearance ratio tended to increase in all brain regions following RYGB, but not in the amygdala and the hypothalamus. Changes in regional FDG uptake rate after RYGB during normoglycemia were associated with weight loss and improved systemic insulin sensitivity.

Conclusion
Using dynamic FDG-PET, we show region-specific patterns of changes in glucose utilization following RYGB. In the hypothalamus, glucose uptake during normoglycemia tended to rise after RYGB while it was reduced in cortical regions involved in behavioral control. Following RYGB, the hypothalamus and amygdala, in contrast to other regions, displayed trends of reduced glucose uptake during hypoglycemia. These pilot results highlight the brain effects of RYGB and suggest behavioral and neuroendocrine adaptations which contribute to its antidiabetic effects.
Metallurgical technology and resources mobility in the El Argar culture: An archaeometallurgical study at Laderas del Castillo (Callosa de Segura, Alicante)
Authors: Escanilla N. , Murillo-Barroso M , Soriano E. , López Padilla J. A. , Jover Maestre F. J. , Lackinger A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metallurgy has been defined as a pivotal activity in understanding of the development of El Argar society. Nonetheless, comprehensive studies of extractive metallurgical processes based on archaeometallurgical analyses remain lacking. This article examines the production remains found at the El Argar site of Laderas del Castillo, documented from 2150 to 1950 cal BC, including samples of slag, crucibles, copper prills and artefacts. Laderas del Castillo emerges as a key site for understanding the technology and organization of metallurgical production in the El Argar world. There are few sites with archaeometric analysis of metallurgical remains, and the present case allows for an almost complete view of the entire metallurgical chaîne opératoire in this period. Microstructural analyses of smelting remains by SEM-EDS reveal a technological tradition that mirrors the previous Copper Age one and the direct exploitation of complex arsenical copper ores with occasional copper sulphides. Despite the existence of closer mineralizations, lead isotope analyses show the exploitation of various copper resources and sources far from the settlement (Linares, the Interior of the Baetic Cordilleras and Almagrera, about 300, 200 and 140 km respectively). These active exchange networks in Laderas del Castillo reflect the same pattern found in the rest of the El Argar territory, which is based on the intensive exploitation of mineralizations in the interior of the Baetics and the Southeast of the peninsula. Some of these sources have also been observed in Copper Age metallurgy, suggesting that the mobility and exchange networks operating in the southeast during the El Argar period were rooted in earlier archaeological phases, indicating a wide and complex exchange network in the region.
Long Short Term Memory Based Traffic Prediction Using Multi-Source Data
Authors: Leinonen Matti , Al-Tachmeesschi Ahmed , Turkmen Banu , Atashi Nahid , Ruotsalainen Laura 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraffic prediction is a task where the goal is to determine the number and type of vehicles, or some other traffic related metric, at certain time point. In addition to predicting the short-term evolution of traffic, prediction can be done for estimating traffic for distant future based on the trends found in historical traffic data, which is a critical component of traffic simulators being able to spawn realistic number of vehicles under prevailing situation. Such prediction system needs to be dependent on the characteristics of the situation and not the preceding traffic flow. This work presents a deep learning based prediction pipeline that uses a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network to map temporal, weather and traffic accident data accurately into traffic flow to predict traffic flow over multiple timesteps from various non-traffic inputs. Traffic data can then be produced based on independent data like weather forecasts and be used for other applications. As far as we know, no previous traffic predictor combines so many input variables to predict traffic flow with vehicle type information. To make the event based traffic accident dataset compatible with time series data, a novel preprocessing step based on power law decay phenomenon is added. Quantitative experiments show that the proposed preprocessing step and optimized hyperparameters improve the accuracy of the predictor on multiple metrics compared to a model without accident information. In two established statistical evaluation metrics, Mean Absolute Error and Mean Squared Error, the improvement was over $$20 \%$$

20
%

for certain vehicle types.
Advancing all-polymer solar cells with solid additives
Authors: Ma Xiao , Fu Qiang , Chen Jinwei , Chen Xuelian , Gao Huanhuan , Jen Alex K.-Y. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAll-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have attracted significant research attention in recent years, primarily due to their advantages of outstanding photo-thermal stability and excellent mechanical flexibility. However, all-PSCs typically exhibit complex morphologies during the film formation of blend films, primarily due to the tendency to become entangled in polymer chains, negatively impacting their fill factor (FF) and morphology stability. Therefore, the optimization of the morphology of the co-mingled heterojunction is crucial for improving device performance. Recent studies reveal that solid additives (SAs) can realize the excellent regulation of the molecular aggregation state, molecular packing, and domain size of the active layer, which not only improves the exciton dissociation, charge transport and collection process of the device but also ultimately realizes the enhancement of the device efficiency. Therefore, this review provides an in-depth insight into the different mechanisms of solid additives in all-PSCs, offering a comprehensive discussion on the research progress in optimizing the morphology and enhancing morphology stability. Finally, we present an outlook for the further structural modification strategies of solid additives towards better bulk morphology and stability of all-PSCs, paving the way for achieving excellent photo-thermal stability, superior mechanical flexibility, and high-efficiency all-PSCs.
Camera trapping of forest mammals in Bükk Mountain, Hungary
Authors: Szabó Zsófia , Gombkötő Péter , Aranyi Sándor Csaba , Patkó László , Patkó Dóra , Barta Zoltán 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The link between large- and middle-sized mammals in forest habitat is understudied in Central Europe; meanwhile these animals could have important effects on their habitats. In our study, we analysed camera trapping data obtained from May 2015 to September 2021 on 29 different sites in a temperate forest at the Bükk Mountain, Hungary. We investigated the temporal activity of ungulates (red deer, roe deer, wild boar) and predators (red fox and grey wolf), together with their response to human disturbance. We calculated temporal overlap value (Δ4) and occurrence dynamics with multi-state modelling (msm). The results suggest that human activity was higher at daytime, while the mammals were more active at night. Multi-state modelling (msm) grouped animals and humans separately. Ungulates chose nighttime, when predators were also active, while they avoided daytime and human disturbance. Grey wolf were mostly co-occurred with its main food source, the red deer. Red fox overlapped the most with roe deer, suggesting that fox prey upon deer fawns. We found that human disturbance has a significant impact on the activity of forest mammals, whereas the expected avoidance of predators by ungulates does not appear to be evident. To better understand the effect of prey–predator behavioural responses in the presence of human disturbance, more field studies are needed in the region.
The Winter Foehn Footprint Across McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica Using a Satellite‐Derived Data Set‐AntAir v1.0
Authors: Datta R. , Katurji M. , Nielsen E. , Meyer H. , Zawar‐Reza P. , Valdes M. Lezama 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContinental‐scale mosaics of satellite‐based surface brightness temperature from thermal infrared band measurements and derived near‐surface air temperatures from geostatistical modeling provide new opportunities for understanding wintertime Foehn wind warming and its potential impacts on the valley floor warming. We have detected and assessed Foehn signatures using a combined data analysis approach from previously developed and validated Antarctic‐wide near‐surface Air temperature data set (AntAir), automatic weather stations from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, and regional climate model simulations at 10 km spatial grid resolution. Self‐organizing maps and data compositing methods on regional climate model outputs provided meteorological context for the AntAir‐derived surface climate information. We conclude that AntAir is suitable for surface climatological analyses and improvements are underway to enhance the spatial resolution to sub‐kilometer grid scales. Finally, by applying a Foehn detection algorithm over 13 years, we present the spatial climatological footprints of Foehn‐induced warming across the Dry Valleys of Antarctica for the first time over the austral winters.
Long Period Seismology on Titan in the Presence of a Methane Clathrate Lid
Authors: Bryant Andrea S. , Panning Mark P. , Marusiak Angela G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrevious 1‐D spherically symmetric seismic modeling studies have shown that in the presence of a clathrate lid on Titan significant thermal profile differences result, particularly in comparison to a pure water ice shell. In turn, these thermal differences would lead to notable changes in the waveform amplitudes and seismic phase arrival times. In this study we investigate the feasibility of using surface waves dispersion to explore the structure of Titan's ice shell. We investigate the ability to measure and observe the frequency‐dependent signals (0.003–0.100 Hz) and their utility in being able to detect existence of a methane‐clathrate lid. We find that we are unlikely to resolve the clathrate‐lid's existence using long‐period techniques, and this could be a limitation for studying very thick ice shells ( 20 km) of icy ocean worlds. We did resolve the frequency range of flexural waves transitioning to a Stoneley wave (mode) in the fundamental mode, and see a Rayleigh wave in the first overtone for a 100 km ice shell on Titan for a simulated quake.
The Impacts of Thermospheric Circulation and Exospheric Transport on the Coupled System
Authors: Luettgen S. E. , Sutton E. K. , Thayer J. P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe boundary between the thermosphere and exosphere is often given the simplified description of being a separation between highly collisional continuum mechanics and a collisionless domain. The realistic smooth transition through this space has historically presented a challenge to model as the assumptions used to simplify the Boltzmann equation in fluid models are invalidated at higher altitudes. A lack of rigorous modeling of the region limits the ability to understand the dynamics of light atmospheric species. This manuscript describes the dynamics present in a two‐way coupled fluid‐particle atmospheric model extending from the mesosphere through the exosphere with a smooth transition between fluid and particle domains. This model is used to examine the coupled nature of the thermosphere and exosphere using the fluid simulation TIME‐GCM and the direct simulation Monte Carlo simulation Monaco. The coupled model allows for examination of the thermosphere circulation and exosphere transport mechanisms, as well as their impacts on the distribution of hydrogen. In this analysis, upper transport regions in the exosphere are revealed and distinguished from lower transport regions during June solstice. Furthermore, coupling allows TIME‐GCM to account for effects of lateral exospheric transport of hydrogen, altering its upper boundary condition and consequentially the spatial distribution of hydrogen throughout the thermosphere. Finally, it is asserted that a self‐consistent hydrogen exobase distribution is necessary to constrain other analytical extrapolation techniques used to predict the vertical hydrogen profile in the exosphere. Plasma interactions are excluded from this study to isolate neutral dynamics.
Low‐Frequency Whistler Waves Excited by Electron Butterfly Distributions in Turbulent Reconnection Outflow
Authors: Jiang Y. C. , Chen Z. Z. , Yu J. , Wang J. , Liu X. M. , Cui J. , Cao J. B. , Ren A. J. , Ding X. L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhistler waves, leading to electron scattering and energy transport, are frequently observed in magnetic reconnection. High‐energy electrons produced by magnetic reconnection are expected to excite low‐frequency whistler waves. However, the study on low‐frequency whistler waves in magnetic reconnection is still quite scarce. Utilizing high‐resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we provide observations of low‐frequency whistler waves in a turbulent reconnection outflow. The quasi‐antiparallel propagating whistler waves have power peaked at ∼0.1 and wave number of ∼0.43 in the plasma rest frame. It can be excited through the cyclotron resonance by the electron butterfly distributions, which can be interpreted by a model comprising the addition of electron beams hosting perpendicular anisotropy to electron isotropy distributions. The energy of resonant electrons is calculated as 1.06∼4.16 keV, the parts corresponding to lower frequency (<∼0.1) falling into suprathermal energy range. Our study can promote the understanding of generation of whistler waves in magnetic reconnection.
Manganese Cycling Driven by Fluctuating Redox Chemocline in the Ediacaran Ocean
Authors: Zhang Bin , Cao Jian , Hu Kai , Liao Zhiwei , Zhang Ruijie , Zhang Yi , Shi Chunhua , Konhauser Kurt O. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Ediacaran Period, immediately following the Neoproterozoic Cryogenian glaciations, marked a crucial phase in the Earth's evolutionary history. The paleo‐oceanic environment helped shape the habitability, yet the links between oceanic redox state, hydrochemistry, biological activity, and elemental cycling during this time remain poorly understood. Here, we address this scientific issue based on high‐resolution geochemical data from black shale‐hosted, manganese (Mn)‐rich carbonates within the upper Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, South China. Multiple redox proxies indicate that while the open ocean may have been intermittently oxygenated during the late Ediacaran glaciation, the continental margin slope was characterized by redox stratified conditions with a fluctuating redox interface. These fluctuations were driven by climatic shifts. During the deposition of black shales, a relatively warm and humid climate caused a notable increase in freshwater runoff and glacial meltwater, raising water levels and lowering salinity. The influx of bioessential elements carried by terrestrial runoff promoted primary productivity. By contrast, the deposition of the Mn(II) carbonates occurred under colder, more arid conditions, with limited terrigenous nutrient input, leading to lower organic carbon production. This resulted in the deepening of the redox chemocline over the continental shelf, promoting Mn(II) oxidation and subsequent mineralization. Paleoclimate‐driven redox fluctuations were key in controlling elemental cycling during the late Ediacaran. This may offer insights into similar processes throughout Earth's history.
Photochemical and Microbial Degradation of Deadwood Leachate
Authors: Kamjunke Norbert , Herzsprung Peter , von Tümpling Wolf , Lechtenfeld Oliver J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring the last decades, intensive forest dieback due to drought events and bark beetle infestation was globally observed leading to accumulation of deadwood. However, data on molecular composition of deadwood DOM, of its bacterial and photo‐transformation, and of the interaction of these processes are scarce. Here, we investigate the fate of DOM leached from deadwood into streams. We hypothesized that (a) bacterial degradation dominates quantitatively over photodegradation in stream water, (b) bacterial degradation is further promoted by labile and easily degradable photoproducts, and (c) DOM compositional changes reflect both the bacterial and light transformation. A leachate of spruce branches and bark in pure water was used for a degradation experiment in a 2 × 2 factorial design without and with stream bacteria and light, respectively. Dissolved organic carbon concentration did not change in dark incubation without bacteria but decreased slightly (3%) in the light. The decrease with bacteria in the dark was stronger (9%), that is, photodegradation of spruce leachate was less important than bacterial degradation (a). Photodegradation and bacterial degradation added in the light plus bacteria treatment (12%), and bacterial degradation was similar in light and dark, indicating no quantitative priming by easily available photoproducts but some qualitative modifications were detected (b). Light induced the production of mostly small and polar molecules, mainly from stream water DOM, while bacteria preferentially degraded nonpolar molecules from dead‐wood leachate (c). Our results indicate distinct transformation pathways and high microbial availability for deadwood‐derived DOM as compared to stream water DOM that may stimulate heterotrophic processes in headwater streams.
Detachment of the Subducting Slab in Ancient Subduction Zones Discerned Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ou Quan , Zheng Dongyu , Nichols Alexander R. L. , Wang Kun , Qian Sheng‐Ping , Zi Feng , Ma Anlin , Zeng Yun‐Chuan , Huang Zongying , Liao Jia , Hou Zixi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIdentification of complex geochemical signatures of basalts from various tectonic settings using trace elements contents is still challenging due to uncertainties in existing classification diagrams and machine‐learning attempts. To address this, we trained a machine‐learning model using a random forest classifier on trace element concentrations of a global basalt‐dataset, categorized by types of tectonic plate boundary—destructive or constructive—at which they formed. Achieving an accuracy exceeding 98%, the model efficiently extracts the distinctive characteristics from each basalt type. When applied to the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone in central Tibet, the model reveals that the basalts exhibited features of both boundary types prior to 108–107 Ma before transitioning to solely destructive characteristics. This transition is likely to be caused by the detachment of a descending oceanic slab, aligning with existing geological evidence. This case study highlights the promising potential of machine learning models, trained on simplified basalt types, in more accurately tracing lithospheric evolution.
Using an Isotope Enabled Mass Balance to Evaluate Existing Land Surface Models
Authors: Haagsma Marja , Finkenbiner Catherine E. , Noone David C. , Bowen Gabriel J. , Still Christopher , Fiorella Richard P. , Good Stephen P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLand surface models (LSMs) play a crucial role in elucidating water and carbon cycles by simulating processes such as plant transpiration and evaporation from bare soil, yet calibration often relies on comparing LSM outputs of landscape total evapotranspiration (ET) and discharge with measured bulk fluxes. Discrepancies in partitioning into component fluxes predicted by various LSMs have been noted, prompting the need for improved evaluation methods. Stable water isotopes serve as effective tracers of component hydrologic fluxes, but data and model integration challenges have hindered their widespread application. Leveraging National Ecological Observation Network measurements of water isotope ratios at 16 US sites over 3 years combined with LSM‐modeled fluxes, we employed an isotope‐enabled mass balance framework to simulate ET isotope values (δET) within three operational LSMs (Mosaic, Noah, and VIC) to evaluate their partitioning. Models simulating δET values consistent with observations were deemed more reflective of water cycling in these ecosystems. Mosaic exhibited the best overall performance (Kling‐Gupta Efficiency of 0.28). For both Mosaic and Noah there were robust correlations between bare soil evaporation fraction and error (negative) as well as transpiration fraction and error (positive). We found the point at which errors are smallest (x‐intercept of the multi‐site regression) is at a higher transpiration fraction than is currently specified in the models. Which means that transpiration fraction is underestimated on average. Stable isotope tracers offer an additional tool for model evaluation and identifying areas for improvement, potentially enhancing LSM simulations and our understanding of land‐surface hydrologic processes.