bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Pierce Jenny L. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This review article provides an overview of autoimmune diseases and their effects on voice and laryngeal function.

Method
A literature review was conducted in PubMed. Combinations of the following keywords were used: “autoimmune disease and upper airway,” “larynx,” “cough,” “voice,” “dysphonia,” and “dyspnea.” Precedence was given to articles published in the past 10 years due to recent advances in this area and to review articles. Ultimately, 115 articles were included for review.

Results
Approximately 81 autoimmune diseases exist, with 18 of those highlighted in the literature as having laryngeal involvement. The general and laryngeal manifestations of these 18 are discussed in detail, in addition to the clinical implications for a laryngeal expert.

Conclusions
Voice, breathing, and cough symptoms may be an indication of underlying autoimmune disease. However, these symptoms are often similar to those in the general population. Appropriate differential diagnosis and timely referral practices maximize patient outcomes. Guidelines are provided to facilitate correct diagnosis when an autoimmune disease is suspected.
Infrared spectra of complex organic molecules in astronomically relevant ice mixtures
Authors: Rachid M. G. , Terwisscha van Scheltinga J. , Koletzki D. , Linnartz H. 
Published: March 2020

Context. Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been largely identified through their characteristic rotational transitions in the gas of interstellar and circumstellar regions. Although these species are formed in the icy mantles that cover dust grains, the most complex species that has been unambiguously identified in the solid-phase to date is methanol (CH3OH). With the upcoming launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), this situation may change. The higher sensitivity, spectral and spatial resolution of the JWST will allow for the probing of the chemical inventory of ices in star-forming regions. In order to identify features of solid-state molecules in astronomical spectra, laboratory infrared spectra of COMs within astronomically relevant conditions are required. This paper is part of a series of laboratory studies focusing on the infrared spectra of frozen COMs embedded in ice matrices. These reflect the environmental conditions in which COMs are thought to be found.
Aims. This work is aimed at characterizing the infrared features of acetone mixed in ice matrices containing H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, and CH3OH for temperatures ranging between 15 K and 160 K. Changes in the band positions and shapes due to variations in the temperature, ice composition, and morphology are reported. This work also points out the IR features that are considered the best promising tracers when searching for interstellar acetone-containing ices.
Methods. Acetone-containing ices were grown at 15 K under high-vacuum conditions and infrared (IR) spectra (500–4000 cm−1/20–2.5 μm, 0.5 cm−1 resolution) in transmission mode were recorded using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Spectra of the ices at higher temperatures are acquired during the heating of the sample (at a rate of 25 K h−1) up to 160 K. The changes in the infrared features for varying conditions were analyzed.
Results. A large set of IR spectra of acetone-containing ices is presented and made available as a basis for interpreting current and future infrared astronomical spectra. The peak position and full width at half maximum of selected acetone bands have been measured for different ice mixtures and temperatures. The bands that are best suitable for acetone identification in astronomical spectra are: the C=O stretch mode, around 1710.3 cm−1 (5.847 μm), that lies in the 1715–1695 cm−1 (5.83–5.90 μm) range in the mixed ices; the CH3 symmetric deformation, around 1363.4 cm−1 (7.335 μm) that lies in the 1353–1373 cm−1 (7.28–7.39 μm) range in the mixed ices; and the CCC asymmetric stretch, around 1228.4 cm−1 (8.141 μm), that lies in the 1224–1245 cm−1 (8.16–8.03 μm) range in the mixed ices. The CCC asymmetric stretch band also exhibits potential as a remote probe of the ice temperature and composition; this feature is the superposition of two components that respond differently to temperature and the presence of CH3OH. All the spectra are available through the Leiden Ice Database.
Physical properties of bright Ca II K fibrils in the solar chromosphere
Authors: Kianfar Sepideh , Leenaarts Jorrit , Danilovic Sanja , de la Cruz Rodríguez Jaime , José Díaz Baso Carlos 
Published: March 2020

Context. Broad-band images of the solar chromosphere in the Ca II H&K line cores around active regions are covered with fine bright elongated structures called bright fibrils. The mechanisms that form these structures and cause them to appear bright are still unknown.
Aims. We aim to investigate the physical properties, such as temperature, line-of-sight velocity, and microturbulence, in the atmosphere that produces bright fibrils and to compare those to the properties of their surrounding atmosphere.
Methods. We used simultaneous observations of a plage region in Fe I 6301-2 Å, Ca II 8542 Å, Ca II K, and Hα acquired by the CRISP and CHROMIS instruments on the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. We manually selected a sample of 282 Ca II K bright fibrils. We compared the appearance of the fibrils in our sample to the Ca II 8542 Å and Hα data. We performed non-local thermodynamic equilibrium inversions using the inversion code STiC on the Fe I 6301-2 Å, Ca II 8542 Å, and Ca II K lines to infer the physical properties of the atmosphere.
Results. The line profiles in bright fibrils have a higher intensity in their K2 peaks compared to profiles formed in the surrounding atmosphere. The inversion results show that the atmosphere in fibrils is on average  −100 K hotter at an optical depth log(τ500 nm) = −4.3 compared to their surroundings. The line-of-sight velocity at chromospheric heights in the fibrils does not show any preference towards upflows or downflows. The microturbulence in the fibrils is on average 0.5 km s−1 higher compared to their surroundings. Our results suggest that the fibrils have a limited extent in height, and they should be viewed as hot threads pervading the chromosphere.
Editorial
Authors: Bantleon Hans-Peter 
Published: March 2020

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,wir sind sehr oft im Behandlungsverlauf mit einem Bracketverlust konfrontiert oder müssen Brackets nach der Nivellierungsphase neu kleben. Da stellt sich für die BehandlerInnen die Frage, nehme ich ein neues Bracket oder gibt es spezielle Methoden der Wiederaufbereitung? Brigitte Wendl beschreibt in ihrem Artikel unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten des Recyclings.
Durchbruchstörungen bleibender Zähne – Ursachen und Ausprägung
Authors: Dürwald Juliane , Köbel Chris , Dannhauer Karl-Heinz 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Mechanismen der morphologischen und vertikalen Entwicklung der Zähne (=Dentition) von Milch- und permanentem Gebiss. Es wird zunächst die Physiologie des Zahndurchbruchs beschrieben. Besonderes Augenmerk wird hierbei auf die zeitliche Abfolge von Eruption bzw. Exfoliation in den verschiedenen Entwicklungsphasen (Milchdentition, permanente Dentition) gelegt, um mögliche Anomalien rechtzeitig erkennen zu können. Zahlreiche Faktoren können die Zahnkeime auf ihrem Durchbruchsweg beeinflussen. Dabei sind Prävalenz, Ausprägung und die möglichen Folgen der Anomalien des Zahndurchbruchs der 2. Dentition sehr verschieden.Es werden daher im Einzelnen für die jeweiligen permanenten Zähne mögliche Ursachen sowie typische klinische Merkmale beschrieben, die in Hinblick auf die Diagnosestellung „Durchbruchsstörung“ sensibilisieren sollen, um eine weiterführende Diagnostik und anschließende Therapie einzuleiten.
Criteria-Based Imaging and Response Evaluation of Lymphoma 20 Years After Cheson: What is New?
Authors: Skusa Christopher , Weber Marc-André , Böttcher Sebastian , Thierfelder Kolja M. 
Published: March 2020

Background The rapid progress in oncology research requires numerous new scientific publications. This article aims to provide an overview of criteria-based imaging and response evaluation of lymphoma according to the current status of knowledge. In fact, common criteria for evaluating data, especially imaging response evaluation, are essential for comparability of studies. While criteria-based classifications of solid tumors have been established for some time, there are now increasing classifications of lymphoma diseases. The purpose of this review is to describe the development of criteria-based evaluation of lymphoma diseases with a special focus on imaging up to current guidelines.
Methods Literature review based on PubMed including the languages English and German was performed. This review article includes the most important criteria-based response evaluations of lymphoma published between January 1999 and July 2019.
Results and Conclusion The two latest classifications of response evaluation of lymphoma are: The Lugano classification, which has been steadily developed over the past 20 years and has been specially adapted to technical progress, as well as the evaluation method RECIL (Response Evaluation Criteria In Lymphoma), which is based on the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) classification already established for solid tumors. Significant imaging components of both classifications are the anatomical measurement and measurement of the metabolic response of the manifestation of lymphoma using positron emission tomography (PET/CT).
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Die COVID-19-Pandemie und das HNO-Fachgebiet: Worauf kommt es aktuell an?
Authors: Lüers Jan-Christoffer , Klußmann Jens Peter , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Übersichtarbeit fasst die aktuellen Erkenntnisse der Auswirkung der COVID-19-Pandemie für die Arbeit der HNO-Ärztin und des HNO-Arztes zusammen. Die aktuell diskutierte Rolle einer Anosmie oder Hyposmie als COVID-19-assoziiertes Symptom wird dargestellt. Wir diskutieren das klinische Management aller HNO-Fälle, aber insbesondere von COVID-19-erkrankten Patienten aus Sicht der HNO-Heilkunde. Ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt den Auswirkungen auf die HNO-Untersuchung und auf HNO-ärztliche Operationen.
Strength Training Induces Greater Increase in Handgrip Strength than
Wrestling Training per se
Authors: Karatrantou Konstantina , Katsoula Christina , Tsiakaras Nikos , Ioakimidis Panagiotis , Gerodimos Vassilis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effectiveness of a specialized strength training
program on maximal handgrip strength in young wrestlers. 72 young wrestlers (36
children: 8–10 years-old and 36 adolescents:13–15 years-old)
participated in the present study. Both age-categories were assigned into a
training group (18 children and 18 adolescents) and a control group (18 children
and 18 adolescents). The training groups, in conjunction with the wrestling
training performed a 4-month (2 sessions/week) specialized handgrip
training program. Maximal handgrip strength was evaluated pre, at the
intermediate (2 months) and at the completion of the program (4 months). Maximal
handgrip strength values increased during the intermediate and post-training
measurements compared to pre-training measurement in training and control groups
(p<0.001). No significant differences were observed on pre-training and
intermediate measurements between groups, while significant differences were
observed during the post-training measurement. Training group exhibited
significantly (p<0.01) greater maximal handgrip strength values than the
control group irrespective of age-category and hand-preference. A 4-month
handgrip strength training program, incorporated into the conventional wrestling
training, provokes greater adaptations in maximal handgrip strength than the
wrestling training per se. For greater handgrip training adaptations are
required more than 14 specialized handgrip training-sessions.
Effect of Different Iodine Concentrations on Patient-Reported Discomfort in Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography: A Prospective Comparative Trial
Authors: Vahldiek Janis Lucas , Schaafs Lars-Arne , Niehues Birgit K. , Hamm Bernd , Niehues Stefan Markus 
Published: March 2020

Purpose Reducing contrast media injection speed while maintaining iodine flux is a promising workaround to lower or avoid contrast media-related discomfort during CT examinations. This approach demands contrast media with a higher concentration to guarantee excellent image quality. It remains unclear whether these concentration changes affect the patient’s experience. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of intravenous iodinated contrast media on patient discomfort during and after contrast media delivery.
Materials and Methods Patients were randomized to receive either Iomeprol 400 mg/ml (group A) or 300 mg/ml (group B) during routinely scheduled CT examinations at our department. The iodine delivery rate and injection time were kept constant in both groups. After examination, study subjects completed a digital questionnaire on different CM-related sensation items using digital visual analogue scales.
Results 253 consecutive patients were enrolled in a 6-month period. Most of the patients reported heat sensation in both groups (mean VAS: 5.3 mm in group A vs. 5.0 mm in group B, p = 0.5). Taste sensation also did not differ significantly between both groups (2.4 mm vs. 2.0 mm, p = 0.08). Pain sensation was reported to be significantly lower in group B patients (1.3 mm vs. 1.0 mm, p = 0.005), even though pain sensation in general was reported on a very low level. Other injection-related sensations were rarely reported.
Conclusion Patient-reported discomfort during intravenous injection of high-concentration contrast media (400 mg/ml) was low and only marginally different when compared to the injection of contrast media with a lower concentration. The injection of highly concentrated contrast media showed comparable overall patient acceptance, allowing a reduction of the injection speed and volume during examinations.
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Visualization of Electronic Health Record Data for Decision-Making in Diabetes and Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Fischer Shira H. , Safran Charles , Gajos Krzysztof Z. , Wright Adam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to study the impact of graphical representation of health record data on physician decision-making to inform the design of health information technology.
Materials and Methods We conducted a within participants crossover design study using a simulated electronic health record (EHR) in which we presented cases with and without visualized data designed to highlight important clinical trends or relationships, followed by assessment of the impact on decision-making about next steps for patients with chronic diseases. We then asked whether trends were observed and about usability and satisfaction using validated usability questions and asked open-ended questions as well. Time to answer questions was also collected.
Results Twenty-one primary care providers participated in the study, including five for testing only and sixteen for the full study. Questions about clinical assessment or next actions were answered correctly 55% of the time. Regarding objective trends in the data, participants described noticing the trends 85% of the time. Differences in noticing trends or difficulty level of questions were not statistically significant. Satisfaction with the tool was high and participants agreed strongly that it helped them make better decisions without adding to the time it took.
Discussion The simulation allowed us to test the impact of a visualization on clinician practice in a realistic setting. Designers of EHRs should consider the ways information presentation can affect decision-making.
Conclusion Testing visualization tools can be done in a clinically realistic context. Providers desire visualizations and believe that they help them make better and faster decisions.
The interplay of avatar identities, self-efficacy, and language practices
Authors: Chen Julian ChengChiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study intends to examine English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ attitudes toward practicing English in
Second Life (SL) and to unpack the effects of avatar identities on EFL learners’ sense of self-efficacy and language practices.
Nine EFL learners worldwide participated in a task-based course in SL, using avatars to carry out SL-related tasks while
interacting with peers and the teacher via voice chat. Qualitative data were triangulated from multiple sources: learner
reflective journals, a post-course survey, and semi-structured interviews. Three major themes emerged: (1) the effects of masked
identity on learning, (2) the impact of telepresence and copresence on learning, and (3) the perceived attitudes toward avatar
affinity. Findings implicate that the avatar form renders masked identities to safeguard learners’ self-efficacy and empower their
language practices. It also opens up a research avenue on the impact of avatar identities on language learning and teaching in 3D
virtual environments.
Coherence relations across speech and sign language
Authors: Crible Ludivine , Gabarró-López Sílvia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper provides the first contrastive analysis of a coherence relation (viz. addition) and its connectives across a sign language (French Belgian Sign Language) and a spoken language (French), both used in the same geographical area. The analysis examines the frequency and types of connectives that can express an additive relation, in order to contrast its “markedness” in the two languages, that is, whether addition is marked by dedicated connectives or by ambiguous, polyfunctional ones. Furthermore, we investigate the functions of the most frequent additive connective in each language (namelyetand the sign SAME), starting from the observation that most connectives are highly polyfunctional. This analysis intends to show which functions are compatible with the meaning of addition in spoken and signed discourse. Despite a common core of shared discourse functions, the equivalence betweenetand SAME is only partial and relates to a difference in their semantics.
Terahertz electro-optical multi-functional modulator and its coupling mechanisms based on upper-layer double graphene ribbons and lower-layer a graphene strip
Authors: Liu Zhimin , Gao Enduo , Zhang Xiao , Li Hongjian , Xu Hui , Zhang Zhenbin , Luo Xin , Zhou Fengqi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A terahertz multifunction modulator composed of upper-layer double graphene ribbons and lower-layer a graphene strip, which can generate a Fano resonance produced by hybrid between a broad mode and a narrow mode, is proposed to realize electro-optical switch and filtering function. The electric field distribution, hybrid theory, and quantum level theory are all employed to explain the Fano resonance, whose transmission spectra are fitted by coupled mode theory. In comparison to other graphene-based terahertz modulators, the amplitude modulation degree can reach 99.57%, meaning an excellent electro-optical switch can be realized. Moreover, the extinction ratio of Fano resonance can reach 99.70%, demonstrating an unparalleled electro-optical filter is implemented. Finally, variations in the lateral and longitudinal lengths of the lower-layer a graphene strip enable excellent dual-band, triple-band filters. Thus, this work provides a new way to implement terahertz multi-function modulators.
Classical evolution in quantum systems
Authors: Sperling J , Walmsley I A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We investigate quantum effects in the evolution of general systems. For studying such temporal quantum phenomena, it is paramount to have a rigorous concept and profound understanding of the classical dynamics in such a system in the first place. For this reason, we derive from first principles equations of motions that describe the classical propagation in quantum systems. A comparison of this classical model with the actual temporal quantum behavior enables us to identify quantum phenomena in the system’s dynamics and distinguish them from static quantum features at individual points in time. For instance, we show how Newton’s second law emerges as a special case of our general treatment, connecting it to a Schrödinger-type equation. As applications of our universal technique, we analyze nonlinear optical processes, semiclassical models, and the multipartite entanglement dynamics of macroscopic ensembles.
Influence of systematic variations of the stimulation profile on responses evoked with a vestibular implant prototype in humans
Authors: Crétallaz Céline , Boutabla Anissa , Cavuscens Samuel , Ranieri Maurizio , Nguyen T A Khoa , Kingma Herman , Van De Berg Raymond , Guinand Nils , Pérez Fornos Angélica 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective. To explore the impact of different electrical stimulation profiles in human recipients of the Geneva-Maastricht vestibular implant prototypes. Approach. Four implanted patients were recruited for this study. We investigated the relative efficacy of systematic variations of the electrical stimulus profile (phase duration, pulse rate, baseline level, modulation depth) in evoking vestibulo-ocular (eVOR) and perceptual responses. Main results. Shorter phase durations and, to a lesser extent, slower pulse rates allowed maximizing the electrical dynamic range available for eliciting a wider range of intensities of vestibular percepts. When either the phase duration or the pulse rate was held constant, current modulation depth was the factor that had the most significant impact on peak velocity of the eVOR. Significance. Our results identified important parametric variations that influence the measured responses. Furthermore, we observed that not all vestibular pathways seem equally sensitive to the electrical stimulus when the electrodes are placed in the semicircular canals and monopolar stimulation is used. This opens the door to evaluating new stimulation strategies for a vestibular implant, and suggests the possibility of selectively activating one vestibular pathway or the other in order to optimize rehabilitation outcomes.