bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tryptophan-galactosylamine conjugates inhibit and disaggregate amyloid fibrils of Aβ42 and hIAPP peptides while reducing their toxicity
Authors: Paul Ashim , Frenkel-Pinter Moran , Escobar Alvarez Daniela , Milordini Giulia , Gazit Ehud , Zacco Elsa , Segal Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelf-assembly of proteins into amyloid fibrils is a hallmark of various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Type-2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Aggregation of specific peptides, like Aβ42 in AD and hIAPP in T2DM, causes cellular dysfunction resulting in the respective pathology. While these amyloidogenic proteins lack sequence homology, they all contain aromatic amino acids in their hydrophobic core that play a major role in their self-assembly. Targeting these aromatic residues by small molecules may be an attractive approach for inhibiting amyloid aggregation. Here, various biochemical and biophysical techniques revealed that a panel of tryptophan-galactosylamine conjugates significantly inhibit fibril formation of Aβ42 and hIAPP, and disassemble their pre-formed fibrils in a dose-dependent manner. They are also not toxic to mammalian cells and can reduce the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ42 and hIAPP aggregates. These tryptophan-galactosylamine conjugates can therefore serve as a scaffold for the development of therapeutics towards AD and T2DM.
Structural basis of redox modulation on chloroplast ATP synthase
Authors: Yang Jay-How , Williams Dewight , Kandiah Eaazhisai , Fromme Petra , Chiu Po-Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn higher plants, chloroplast ATP synthase has a unique redox switch on its γ subunit that modulates enzyme activity to limit ATP hydrolysis at night. To understand the molecular details of the redox modulation, we used single-particle cryo-EM to determine the structures of spinach chloroplast ATP synthase in both reduced and oxidized states. The disulfide linkage of the oxidized γ subunit introduces a torsional constraint to stabilize the two β hairpin structures. Once reduced, free cysteines alleviate this constraint, resulting in a concerted motion of the enzyme complex and a smooth transition between rotary states to facilitate the ATP synthesis. We added an uncompetitive inhibitor, tentoxin, in the reduced sample to limit the flexibility of the enzyme and obtained high-resolution details. Our cryo-EM structures provide mechanistic insight into the redox modulation of the energy regulation activity of chloroplast ATP synthase.
Selenoprotein Gpx3 knockdown induces myocardial damage through Ca2+ leaks in chickens
Authors: Gong Yafan , Yang Jie , Cai Jingzeng , Liu Qi , Zhang Ziwei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3) is a pivotal selenoprotein that acts as an antioxidant. However, the role of Gpx3 in maintaining the normal metabolism of cardiomyocytes remains to be elucidated in more detail. Herein, we employed a model of Gpx3 interference in chicken embryos in vivo and Gpx3 knockdown chicken cardiomyocytes in vitro. Real-time PCR, western blotting and fluorescent staining were performed to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS), the calcium (Ca2+) concentration, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, myocardial contraction, inflammation and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Our results revealed that Gpx3 suppression increased the level of ROS, which induced Ca2+ leakage in the cytoplasm by blocking the expression of Ca2+ channels. The imbalance of Ca2+ homeostasis triggered ER stress and blocked myocardial contraction. Furthermore, we found that Ca2+ imbalance in the cytoplasm induced severe inflammation, and HSPs might play a protective role throughout these processes. In conclusion, Gpx3 suppression induces myocardial damage through the activation of Ca2+-dependent ER stress.
Synthesis of open structures starting from closed‐cross‐section waveguide devices
Authors: Torrisi Giuseppe , Leonardi Ornella , Mauro Giorgio Sebastiano , Celona Luigi , Sorbello Gino 
Published: September 2020

This study presents a new methodology, based on the field modal expansion theory, to derive and analyse millimetre wave (mm‐wave) ‘open’ cross‐sections structures starting from standard closed cross‐section design. The method is of great interest since W‐band open devices offer many advantages over traditional closed structures in terms of risks for manufacturing, tuning and power handling in critical high‐power devices. A hybrid scalar product, or ‘overlap’ integral, between the ‘open’ and ‘closed’ orthogonal basis of the open structure and the reference closed one has been defined, so introducing a figure of merit to evaluate if the derived open structure can have the same performances of the closed one in terms of fields confinement and distribution. As an example of the methodology, an ‘open’ version of a Gaussian horn and of a rectangular‐to‐circular WR10 waveguide transition have been successfully derived starting from classic ‘closed’ design. In order to fully test the method, the mm‐wave rectangular‐to‐circular open‐waveguide transition has been manufactured and measured (thanks to tapered close‐to‐open transitions and standard WR10 interfaces). The measurements well agree with full‐wave numerical simulations and provide experimental validation of the proposed approach and fabrication technology. The method can be applied to other open microwave structures as well.
Improved dielectric properties of PVDF nanocomposites with core–shell structured BaTiO3 @polyurethane nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Ming‐Sheng , Zhang Chong , Yang Yu , Xing Zhao‐Liang , Chen Xin , Zhong Shao‐Long , Dang Zhi‐Min 
Published: September 2020

Polymer nanocomposites with improved dielectric permittivity and high breakdown strength are extremely desirable for the flexible electronic devices and power systems. The compatibility of fillers and polymer matrix is important in determining the dielectric and breakdown strength properties. The core–shell structure concept is useful to improve the compatibility of fillers with polymer matrix. Herein, an organic thermoplastic urethanes (TPU) polymer shell was successfully grafted on the surface of barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) and such a TPU shell improved the permittivity and breakdown strength of TPU@BT/PVDF polymer nanocomposites greatly. The permittivity of TPU@BT/PVDF nanocomposites with 12 wt% fillers at 102 Hz was up to 13.5, which was 1.5 times higher than that of pure poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The improvement of the dielectric properties could be attributed to the enhanced interfacial polarisation between BT nanoparticles and TPU shell. Besides, the compatibility of BT nanoparticles and PVDF matrix was improved after the introduction of TPU shell. Accordingly, a highest breakdown strength value about 373 MV/m was obtained for the TPU@BT/PVDF nanocomposites with 7 wt% fillers. The core–shell strategy could be extended to a variety of inorganic fillers to improve the dielectric and breakdown strength properties of polymer nanocomposites.
Spectroscopic study of the HII regions in the NGC 1232 galaxy
Authors: Lima-Costa F. , Martins L. P. , Rodríguez-Ardila A. , Fraga L. 
Published: September 2020

Context. NGC 1232 is a face-on spiral galaxy that serves as an excellent laboratory for the study of star formation due to its proximity. Recent studies have revealed interesting features about this galaxy: X-ray observations suggest that it recently collided with a dwarf galaxy, however, no apparent remnant is observed.
Aims. In this study, we search for evidence of this possible collision.
Methods. We used long-slit optical spectra of the galaxy in two different positions obtained with the Goodman spectrograph at the SOAR telescope.
Results. We detected 18 HII regions in the north-south direction and 22 HII regions in the east-west direction and a background galaxy, NGC 1232B, for which we present the first redshift measurement and spectral analysis. We used the stellar population fitting technique to study the underlying stellar population of NGC 1232 and NGC 1232B and to subtract it from the spectra to measure the emission lines. The emission lines were used to determine the extinction, electron density, chemical abundance, and the star-formation rate gradient of NGC 1232.
Conclusions. As is common in spiral galaxies, we found a stellar population gradient with older populations at the central regions and younger ones towards the outskirts, along with a negative oxygen abundance gradient of −0.16 dex/re. Due to the difficulty of measuring important emission lines, the number of objects for the abundance gradient is small, but there is a hint that this galaxy has a broken gradient profile, with a drop towards the center. Some authors have explained this effect as the result of a satellite collision, but observations of a large sample of spiral galaxies shows evidence that goes against such a mechanism. If the collision caused any disturbance in the galaxy, we believe it would be small and hard to detect with a limited number of objects. From all the other measurements, we found no deviations from a typical spiral galaxy and no significant difference between different directions in the galaxy. The stellar population and emission line analysis of NGC 1232B suggest that it is a starburst galaxy.
A comparative analysis of the outer-belt primitive families
Authors: De Prá M. N. , Pinilla-Alonso N. , Carvano J. , Licandro J. , Morate D. , Lorenzi V. , de León J. , Campins H. , Mothé-Diniz T. 
Published: September 2020

Context.Asteroid families are witnesses to the intense collisional evolution that occurred on the asteroid belt. The study of the physical properties of family members can provide important information about the state of differentiation of the parent body and provide insights into how these objects were formed. Several of these asteroid families identified across the main belt are dominated by low-albedo, primitive asteroids. These objects are important for the study of Solar System formation because they were subject to weaker thermophysical processing and provide information about the early conditions of our planetary system.Aims.We aim to study the diversity of physical properties among the Themis, Hygiea, Ursula, Veritas, and Lixiaohua families.Methods.We present new spectroscopic data, combined with a comprehensive analysis using a variety of data available in the literature, such as albedo and rotational properties.Results.Our results show that Themis and Hygiea families, the largest families in the region, present similar levels of hydration. Ursula and Lixiaohua families are redder in comparison to the others and present no sign of hydrated members based on the analysis of visible spectra. Conversely, Veritas presents the highest fraction of hydrated members.Conclusions.This work demonstrates a diverse scenario in terms of the physical properties of primitive outer-belt families, which could be associated with dynamical mixing of asteroid populations and the level of differentiation of the parental body.
Expansile Endocervical Crypt Involvement by CIN2 – 3 as a Risk Factor for High Grade Cytology Recurrence After Cold Coagulation Cervical Treatment
Authors: Papoutsis Dimitrios , Underwood Martyn , Williams Joanna , Parry-Smith William , Panikkar Jane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction To determine whether expansile endocervical crypt involvement (ECI) on pretreatment cervical punch biopsies is a risk factor for high grade cytology recurrence in women following cold coagulation for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis on the results of an observational study of women who had a single cold coagulation cervical treatment between 2001 – 2011 and who were followed up for cytology recurrence. Women with a previous cervical treatment were excluded.
Results 559 women were identified with a mean age of 28.7 ± 6.2 years. Expansile and non-expansile ECI were identified in 5.4 and 4.3% of women, respectively. The proportion of women with high grade cytology recurrence was 10% for those with expansile ECI and 2.3% for those without. Multivariate analysis showed that women with expansile ECI when compared to those without, had a four-fold greater risk for high grade cytology recurrence (HR = 4.22; 95% CI: 1.10 – 16.29, p = 0.036). There was no significant association found between non-expansile ECI and overall or high grade cytology recurrence. The increased biopsy depth and the CIN3 grade of pretreatment cervical punch biopsies were significantly associated with greater odds for the detection of expansile ECI. We calculated that the optimal-cut off of pretreatment cervical punch biopsy depth for the detection of expansile ECI was 4 mm (sensitivity: 73.3%; specificity: 55.1%).
Conclusions Expansile ECI is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of high grade cytology recurrence following cold coagulation. Deeper pretreatment cervical punch biopsies need to be taken so as not to miss expansile ECI prior to ablative treatment.
The Significance of Preoperative Computed Tomography for Predicting Optimal Cytoreduction in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Stachs Angrit , Engel Karen , Stubert Johannes , Reimer Toralf , Gerber Bernd , Dieterich Max 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Optimal cytoreduction is the most important prognostic factor in advanced ovarian cancer. Although staging and assessment of operability are made by exploratory surgery, preoperative computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen is regarded as standard. The aim of this study was to examine various CT parameters with regard to prediction of optimal cytoreduction.
Patients and Methods The retrospective study included 131 patients with ovarian cancer newly diagnosed between 2010 and 2014. Of these, n = 36 with FIGO stage I to IIB were excluded from the study. A preoperative abdominal CT was available for n = 75 of the 95 patients with FIGO stage IIC to IV. The CT scans underwent blinded review. The 11 evaluated CT parameters were examined by means of χ2 test and logistic regression analysis with regard to the endpoints of macroscopic residual tumour and residual tumour > 1 cm. Survival analyses used the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test.
Results Of 75 patients, 28 (37.3%) had complete tumour resection and 26 (34.7%) had residual tumour ≤ 1 cm. Residual tumours > 1 cm were found in 21 (28%) patients, five of which were not resectable. Overall survival with residual tumour > 1 cm differed significantly from the group with no macroscopic residual tumour (p = 0.003) and with residual tumour ≤ 1 cm (p = 0.04). The CT parameters tumour foci in the diaphragm, mesocolon, greater omentum and peritoneum as well as ascites correlated with macroscopic residual tumour. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis only the CT parameter intraparenchymal liver metastasis was statistically significant with regard to prediction of suboptimal tumour resection (> 1 cm) (OR 8.04; 95% CI 1.57 – 42.4; p = 0.0134). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 37.5, 89.7, 66.7 and 72.2%.
Conclusion Although risk parameters for suboptimal tumour reduction can be identified by CT of the abdomen, surgical exploration with histological confirmation of the diagnosis is essential because of the poor diagnostic accuracy.
Demenzprävention und hausärztliche Versorgung: Schätzung der Zielpopulation
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Gothe Holger , Kostev Karel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHintergrund Die Demenzprävention, insbesondere die kardiovaskulare Prävention kognitiver Störungen, gerät zunehmend mehr ins Blickfeld der Versorgungsforschung. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Ermittlung der möglichen Zielpopulation für demenzpräventive Ansätze sowie der Häufigkeit der Gesundheitsuntersuchungen (GU) in den einzelnen Hausarztpraxen (HA).Methode 987 Hausarztpraxen, die 2018 für die deutschlandweite IMS Disease Analyzer Datenbank (IQVIA) Daten geliefert haben, wurden bezüglich der Prävalenz folgender Diagnosen untersucht, die als Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von demenziellen Erkrankungen gelten: Hypertonie, Adipositas, Hörstörung jeweils im Alter von 45–65 und Diabetes und Depression im Alter über 65 Jahre. Darüber hinaus wurde erfasst, wie viele dieser Patienten eine Gesundheitsuntersuchung (GU) erhielten.Ergebnisse In einer Stichprobe von 2398405 hausärztlich versorgten Patienten bestand die für demenzpräventive Maßnahmen relevante Zielpopulation 2018 aus 191883 Patienten mit Hypertonie, 23308 mit Adipositas, 5059 mit Hörstörung, 120200 mit Diabetes und 43233 mit Depression. Bei über einem Viertel dieser Patienten erfolgte bereits eine GU. Bezogen auf die einzelne Hausarztpraxis, wurden 2018 n am häufigsten Patienten mit Hypertonie (N = 51), Diabetes (N = 30,5) und Depression (N = 11,3) behandelt, seltener Patienten mit Adipositas (N = 8,2) und Hörstörung (N = 1,6).Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Auf der Grundlage bestimmter Diagnosen in bestimmten Lebensphasen kann eine überschaubare Kerngruppe von Hausarztpatienten identifiziert werden, die für spezifische demenzpräventive Interventionen infrage kommen. Eine Implementierung demenzpräventiver Interventionen in den Praxen wird bei den selteneren Behandlungsdiagnosen Adipositas und Hörstörung schwieriger sein als bei den wesentlich häufigeren Behandlungsdiagnosen Hypertonie, Diabetes und Depression.
Apically Extruded Debris following Programmed Over Instrumentation of Curved Canals with Three Nickel Titanium Rotary Instruments
Authors: Yammine Salwa Daoud , Jabbour Edgard Antoine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives This in vitro study aimed to compare the amount of mixed and dried debris extruded with three endodontic NiTi (nickel–titanium) systems at three levels beyond the major apical foramen. The null hypothesis is that there would be no differences between the different rotary systems in terms of apically extruded debris.
Materials and Methods  Forty-eight roots of human extracted molars with 20 to 40-degrees curvature were divided randomly into three groups (n = 16) instrumented with ProTaper Next, BT RaCe, and WaveOne Gold, respectively. Instrumentation was performed at the major foramen and over instrumented 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm beyond. Irrigation was performed with sodium hypochlorite. Apically extruded debris was collected.
Results Comparison of mixed extruded debris (solution/debris)and dried debris according to group and level of instrumentation showed that WaveOne Gold at the foramen and ProTaper Next beyond the foramen (p < 0.0001) resulted in significantly less extruded debris than other files and within the four levels using repeated measures analysis of variance (p < 0.0001b).
Conclusions All systems exhibit extruded debris during instrumentation but in different amounts.
Partial Trisomy 16q21-q24.3 with Novel Cardiac Manifestation of Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Dwivedi Aradhana , Kumar Vivek , Ramamurthy H. Ravi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPartial trisomy 16q is most often a consequence of malsegregation from a balanced parental translocation involving chromosome 16q. It is characterized by nonspecific craniofacial dysmorphic features, hypotonia, developmental delay, psychomotor retardation, and systemic manifestations of cardiac defect, renal abnormalities, and lung abnormalities. The survival of these patients depends upon the extent and severity of the organs involved. The present literature was replete with cases of partial trisomy 16q having structural cardiac defects. However, in the present report we described a novel finding of myocardial disease in the form of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy associated with this genetic condition.
Anticoagulation Treatment in Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Assessment of Patient Preferences Using a Discrete Choice Experiment (COSIMO Study)
Authors: Picker Nils , Lee Agnes Y. , Cohen Alexander T. , Maraveyas Anthony , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Mantovani Lorenzo G. , Abdelgawwad Khaled , Fatoba Samuel , Thate-Waschke Inga-Marion , Bach Miriam , Wilke Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Clinical guidelines recommend anticoagulation therapy for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE), but little is known about preferences. Therefore, the objective of this discrete choice experiment (DCE) was to elucidate patient preferences regarding anticoagulation convenience attributes.
Methods Adult patients with cancer-associated VTE who switched to direct oral anticoagulants were included in a single-arm study (COSIMO). Patients were asked to decide between hypothetical treatment options based on a combination of the following attributes: route of administration (injection/tablet), frequency of intake (once/twice daily), need for regular controls of the international normalized ratio (INR) at least every 3 to 4 weeks (yes/no), interactions with food/alcohol (yes/no), and distance to treating physician (1 vs. 20 km) as an additional neutral attribute. DCE data were collected by structured telephone interviews and analyzed based on a conditional logit regression.
Results Overall, 163 patients (mean age 63.7 years, 49.1% female) were included. They strongly preferred oral administration compared with self-injections (importance of this attribute for overall treatment decisions: 73.8%), and a treatment without dietary restrictions (11.8%). Even if these attributes were less important (7.2% and 6.5%, respectively), patients indicated a preference for a shorter distance to the treating physician and once-daily dosing compared with twice-daily intake. “Need for regular controls of INR at least every 3 to 4 weeks” showed no significant impact on the treatment decision (0.7%).
Conclusion This study showed that treatment-related decision making in cancer-associated VTE, assuming comparable effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant treatments, is predominantly driven by “route of administration,” with patients strongly preferring oral administration.
Hematology Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Christensen Bianca , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Lippi Giuseppe , Van Cott Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the past few months, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across much of the world leading to a pandemic. Many infected individuals do not experience signs or symptoms, or experience only mild symptoms, whilst a subset experience severe disease, which is often fatal. A number of laboratory tests have been found to be abnormal in hospitalized patients, and some studies suggest some of these tests can predict an unfavorable outcome. These include markers of acute phase reaction (elevated C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor), signs of tissue injury (elevated lactic dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, cardiac troponins), changes in hemostasis and coagulation (elevated D-dimer, prolonged prothrombin time, decreased platelets, decreased antithrombin, elevated factor VIII and von Willebrand factor), and decreased lymphocytes. Additional studies are needed to confirm the most ideal panel of tests, and to confirm the efficiency of laboratory tests to predict clinical outcome, as well as the ideal anticoagulation management.