bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Nitric Oxide Delivery Nanoplatforms for Treating Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Infection
Authors: Jin Guorui , Gao Zhiyuan , Liu Yangjing , Zhao Jing , Ou Hanlin , Xu Feng , Ding Dan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe shortened Abstract is as follows: Therapeutic gas nitric oxide (NO) has demonstrated the unique advances in biomedical applications due to its prominent role in regulating physiological/pathophysiological activities in terms of vasodilation, angiogenesis, chemosensitizing effect, and bactericidal effect. However, it is challenging to deliver NO, due to its short half‐life (<5 s) and short diffusion distances (20–160 µm). To address these, various polymeric NO delivery nanoplatforms (PNODNPs) have been developed for cancer therapy, antimicrobial and cardiovascular therapeutics, because of the important advantages of polymeric delivery nanoplatforms in terms of controlled release of therapeutics and the extremely versatile nature. This reviews highlights the recent significant advances made in PNODNPs for NO storing and targeting delivery. The ideal and unique criteria that are required for PNODNPs for treating cancer, cardiovascular diseases and infection, respectively, are summarized. Hopefully, effective storage and targeted delivery of NO in a controlled manner using PNODNPs could pave the way for NO‐sensitized synergistic therapy in clinical practice for treating the leading death‐causing diseases.
Recent Progress in Solution‐Based Metal Oxide Resistive Switching Devices
Authors: Carlos Emanuel , Branquinho Rita , Martins Rodrigo , Kiazadeh Asal , Fortunato Elvira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetal oxide resistive switching memories have been a crucial component for the requirements of the Internet of Things, which demands ultra‐low power and high‐density devices with new computing principles, exploiting low cost green products and technologies. Most of the reported resistive switching devices use conventional methods (physical and chemical vapor deposition), which are quite expensive due to their up‐scale production. Solution‐processing methods have been improved, being now a reliable technology that offers many advantages for resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) such as high versatility, large area uniformity, transparency, low‐cost and a simple fabrication of two‐terminal structures. Solution‐based metal oxide RRAM devices are emergent and promising non‐volatile memories for future electronics. In this review, a brief history of non‐volatile memories is highlighted as well as the present status of solution‐based metal oxide resistive random‐access memory (S‐RRAM). Then, a focus on describing the solution synthesis parameters of S‐RRAMs which induce a massive influence in the overall performance of these devices is discussed. Next, a precise analysis is performed on the metal oxide thin film and electrode interface and the recent advances on S‐RRAM that will allow their large‐area manufacturing. Finally, the figures of merit and the main challenges in S‐RRAMs are discussed and future trends are proposed.
A Dendrite‐Free Lithium/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhi Yong , Lu Zhong Xu , Guo Wei , Luo Qin , Yin Yan Hong , Liu Xian Bin , Li Ye Sheng , Xia Bao Yu , Wu Zi Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is promising in the next‐generation energy storage systems. However, its practical application is still hindered by the poor cycling performance and serious safety issues for the consequence of dendritic Li. Herein, a dendrite‐free Li/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid is proposed, which is fabricated by direct coating molten Li on CNTs, for Li‐metal batteries. The favorable thermodynamic and kinetic conditions are the powerful force to drive the rapid lift upwards and infusion of molten Li into CNTs network, which is the key to form a uniform metallic layer in Li/CNTs hybrid. The obtained hybrid indicates super‐stable functions even at an ultrahigh current density of 40 mA cm−2 for 2000 cycles with a stripping/plating capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 in symmetric cells. Subsequently, this hybrid also demonstrates a significantly decreased resistance, excellent cycling stability at high current density and flexibility in the full Li‐S battery. This work provides valuable concepts in fabricating Li anodes toward Li‐metal batteries and beyond for their high‐level services.
Non‐Toxic Virucidal Macromolecules Show High Efficacy Against Influenza Virus Ex Vivo and In Vivo
Authors: Kocabiyik Ozgun , Cagno Valeria , Silva Paulo Jacob , Zhu Yong , Sedano Laura , Bhide Yoshita , Mettier Joelle , Medaglia Chiara , Da Costa Bruno , Constant Samuel , Huang Song , Kaiser Laurent , Hinrichs Wouter L. J. , Huckriede Anke , Le Goffic Ronan , Tapparel Caroline , Stellacci Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInfluenza is one of the most widespread viral infections worldwide and represents a major public health problem. The risk that one of the next pandemics is caused by an influenza strain is high. It is important to develop broad‐spectrum influenza antivirals to be ready for any possible vaccine shortcomings. Anti‐influenza drugs are available but they are far from ideal. Arguably, an ideal antiviral should target conserved viral domains and be virucidal, that is, irreversibly inhibit viral infectivity. Here, a new class of broad‐spectrum anti‐influenza macromolecules is described that meets these criteria and display exceedingly low toxicity. These compounds are based on a cyclodextrin core modified on its primary face with long hydrophobic linkers terminated either in 6'sialyl‐N‐acetyllactosamine (6’SLN) or in 3’SLN. SLN enables nanomolar inhibition of the viruses while the hydrophobic linkers confer irreversibility to the inhibition. The combination of these two properties allows for efficacy in vitro against several human or avian influenza strains, as well as against a 2009 pandemic influenza strain ex vivo. Importantly, it is shown that, in mice, one of the compounds provides therapeutic efficacy when administered 24 h post‐infection allowing 90% survival as opposed to no survival for the placebo and oseltamivir.
Operando EDXRD Study of All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries Coupling Thioantimonate Superionic Conductors with Metal Sulfide
Authors: Sun Xiao , Stavola Alyssa M. , Cao Daxian , Bruck Andrea M. , Wang Ying , Zhang Yunlu , Luan Pengcheng , Gallaway Joshua W. , Zhu Hongli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSulfide solid‐state electrolytes have remarkable ionic conductivity and low mechanical stiffness but suffer from relatively narrow electrochemical and chemical stability with electrodes. Therefore, pairing sulfide electrolytes with the proper cathode is crucial in developing stable all‐solid‐state Li batteries (ASLBs). Herein, one type of thioantimonate ion conductor, Li6+xGexSb1−xS5I, with different compositions is systematically synthesized and studied, among these compositions, an outstanding ionic conductivity of 1.6 mS cm−1 is achieved with Li6.6Ge0.6Sb0.4S5I. To improve the energy density and advance the interface compatibility, a metal sulfide FeS2 cathode with a high theoretical capacity (894 mAh g−1) and excellent compatibility with sulfide electrolytes is coupled with Li6.6Ge0.6Sb0.4S5I in ASLBs without additional interface engineering. The structural stabilities of Li6.6Ge0.6Sb0.4S5I and FeS2 during cycling are characterized by operando energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction, which allows rapid collection of structural data without redesigning or disassembling the sealed cells and risking contamination by air. The electrochemical stability is assessed, and a safe operating voltage window ranging from 0.7≈2.4 V (vs. In–Li) is confirmed. Due to the solid confinement in the ASLBs, the Fe0 aggregation and polysulfides shuttle effects are well addressed. The ASLBs exhibit an outstanding initial capacity of 715 mAh g−1 at C/10 and are stable for 220 cycles with a high capacity retention of 84.5% at room temperature.
Nitroaromatics as High‐Energy Organic Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Alkali‐Ion (Li+, Na+, and K+) Batteries
Authors: Liu Xudong , Ye Zhibin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrganic cathode materials with existing redox functionalities are attracting increasing attention for rechargeable alkali‐ion batteries due to their high theoretical gravimetric capacity, molecular diversity, and sustainability. However, they are still restricted in specific capacity and energy density. The discovery of new multielectron redox‐active functionalities that can impart significantly enhanced capacity and energy density is highly desired. Herein, a group of organic nitroaromatic compounds (p‐, o‐, and m‐dinitrobenzene (DNB)) is reported as novel high‐energy cathode materials for alkali‐ion batteries. For the first time, nitro groups in DNBs are found to undergo an electrochemically reversible two‐step two‐phase reaction at a voltage above 2 V, rendering a high theoretical capacity of 638 mAh g−1. A systematic study is undertaken to reveal the reaction mechanism and verify the redox reversibility. By confining the optimum p‐DNB within a microporous carbon nanosphere host, record‐high reversible capacities of 620, 573, and 536 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 are achieved for lithium‐, sodium‐, and potassium‐ion batteries, respectively. Demonstrating nitro as a unique redox‐reversible functionality, this work opens a new direction in the development of novel high‐performance organic nitroaromatic cathode materials for next‐generation alkali‐ion batteries.
Design and synthesis of novel di‐ and triblock amphiphilic polyelectrolytes: Improving salt‐induced viscosity reduction of water solutions for potential application in enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Boulif Nadia , Sebakhy Khaled O. , Joosten Hidde , Raffa Patrizio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present study, three different block copolymers based on styrene, tert‐butyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were synthesized via sequential atom transfer radical polymerization. The addition of the GMA block was found to be best performed at 60°C. The polymers were then hydrolyzed and neutralized, to afford amphiphilic block copolymers, and the rheological properties of their aqueous solutions were measured, in order to investigate solution properties relevant for enhanced oil recovery, as a function of the polymer structure. It was observed that these polymers behave as thickening agents with shear thinning behavior. As expected, the polymers were sensitive to the presence of salt, as lower viscosities were recorded in saline water. However, the viscosity is less affected by high salinity, when compared to previously studied analogous diblock systems. In the best case, the viscosity only decreased by a factor of 1.8 upon salt addition whereas it decreased by a factor of 10 in previously reported non‐GMA containing polymers. Finally, thermo‐responsive behavior was found for one of the synthesized polymers. In particular, a hydrolyzed triblock poly[styrene‐b‐tert‐butyl methacrylate‐b‐glycidyl methacrylate], which synthesis is reported here for the first time, showed a thermothickening behavior, promising for the intended application in oil recovery.
From Diagnosis to Prognosis: Revisiting the Meaning of Muscle ISG15 Overexpression in Juvenile Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Hou Cyrielle , Durrleman Chloé , Periou Baptiste , Barnerias Christine , Bodemer Christine , Desguerre Isabelle , Quartier Pierre , Melki Isabelle , Rice Gillian I. , Rodero Mathieu P. , Charuel Jean‐Luc , Relaix Fréderic , Bader‐Meunier Brigitte , Authier FrançoisJérôme , Gitiaux Cyril 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveJuvenile idiopathic inflammatory/immune myopathies (IIMs) constitute a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with diagnostic difficulties and prognostic uncertainties. Circulating myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have been recognized as reliable tools for patient substratification. Considering the key role of type I interferon (IFN) up‐regulation in juvenile IIM, we undertook the present study to investigate whether IFN‐induced 15‐kd protein (ISG‐15) could be a reliable biomarker for stratification and diagnosis and to better elucidate its role in juvenile IIM pathophysiology.MethodsThe study included 56 patients: 24 with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), 12 with juvenile overlap myositis (OM), 10 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and 10 with congenital myopathies. Muscle biopsy samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Negative regulators of type I IFN (ISG15 and USP18) and positive regulators of type I IFN (DDX58 and IFIH1) were analyzed.ResultsISG15 expression discriminated patients with juvenile IIM from those with nonimmune myopathies and, among patients with juvenile IIM, discriminated those with DM from those with OM. Among patients with juvenile DM, up‐regulation of the type I IFN positive regulators DDX58 and IFIH1 was similar regardless of MSA status. In contrast, the highest levels of the type I IFN negative regulator ISG15 were observed in patients who were positive for melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA‐5). Finally, ISG15 levels were inversely correlated with the severity of muscle histologic abnormalities and positively correlated with motor performance as evaluated by the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale and by manual muscle strength testing.ConclusionMuscle ISG15 expression is strongly associated with juvenile DM, with patients exhibiting a different ISG‐15 muscle signature according to their MSA class. Patients with juvenile DM who are positive for MDA‐5 have higher expression of ISG15 in both gene form and protein form compared to the other subgroups. Moreover, our data show that negative regulation of type I IFN correlates with milder muscle involvement.
Neural Correlates of Audiovisual Temporal Binding Window in Individuals With Schizotypal and Autistic Traits: Evidence From Resting‐State Functional Connectivity
Authors: Zhou Han‐yu , Wang Yong‐ming , Zhang Rui‐ting , Cheung Eric F. C. , Pantelis Christos , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTemporal proximity is an important clue for multisensory integration. Previous evidence indicates that individuals with autism and schizophrenia are more likely to integrate multisensory inputs over a longer temporal binding window (TBW). However, whether such deficits in audiovisual temporal integration extend to subclinical populations with high schizotypal and autistic traits are unclear. Using audiovisual simultaneity judgment (SJ) tasks for nonspeech and speech stimuli, our results suggested that the width of the audiovisual TBW was not significantly correlated with self‐reported schizotypal and autistic traits in a group of young adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting‐state activity was also acquired to explore the neural correlates underlying inter‐individual variability of TBW width. Across the entire sample, stronger resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the left superior temporal cortex and the left precuneus, and weaker rsFC between the left cerebellum and the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex were correlated with a narrower TBW for speech stimuli. Meanwhile, stronger rsFC between the left anterior superior temporal gyrus and the right inferior temporal gyrus was correlated with a wider audiovisual TBW for non‐speech stimuli. The TBW‐related rsFC was not affected by levels of subclinical traits. In conclusion, this study indicates that audiovisual temporal processing may not be affected by autistic and schizotypal traits and rsFC between brain regions responding to multisensory information and timing may account for the inter‐individual difference in TBW width.Lay summaryIndividuals with ASD and schizophrenia are more likely to perceive asynchronous auditory and visual events as occurring simultaneously even if they are well separated in time. We investigated whether similar difficulties in audiovisual temporal processing were present in subclinical populations with high autistic and schizotypal traits. We found that the ability to detect audiovisual asynchrony was not affected by different levels of autistic and schizotypal traits. We also found that connectivity of some brain regions engaging in multisensory and timing tasks might explain an individual's tendency to bind multisensory information within a wide or narrow time window. Autism Res 2021, 14: 668–680. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Dose range finding approach for rodent preweaning juvenile animal studies
Authors: Posobiec Lorraine M. , Laffan Susan B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesStrategies for conducting juvenile dose ranging studies before definitive toxicity juvenile animal studies (JAS) have evolved, but the aim of demonstrating study design robustness and efficient animal use remains the same. The objective of dose selection is to identify a strategy to achieve consistent systemic exposure for the duration of the JAS while maintaining exposure separation between dose groups. For preweaning rodents this can prove challenging, as these studies typically treat animals over a broad period of considerable organ development.Materials and MethodsIn our experience, over 45 rodent juvenile studies (dose range, definitive or investigative) were conducted over 20 years to support pediatric medicine development. In most cases (86%, 12/14), preweaning rodents required decreased doses of test articles than adult rodents; the majority (83%, 10/12) were due to increased systemic exposures in immature animals at the same doses. Thus, extrapolating tolerability and exposure data from adults is not ideal and should not take the place of well‐designed juvenile dose range studies.Results/Discussion/ConclusionWe propose a phased dose‐range‐finding approach by first conducting a tolerability phase with a few animals at a starting age corresponding to the youngest clinical starting age, spanning a wide range of doses, then a dose range phase with larger group sizes and fewer doses; both phases incorporate toxicokinetics. Often, exposure was higher in preweaning animals and decreased as animals matured postweaning (postnatal day, PND 21 and older), supporting an age‐based dose adjustment strategy. Case studies demonstrate dose adjustment approaches incorporating dose increases or decreases or changes in dose frequency.
A comparison of methods for analysing multiple outcome measures in randomised controlled trials using a simulation study
Authors: Vickerstaff Victoria , Ambler Gareth , Omar Rumana Z. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMultiple primary outcomes are sometimes collected and analysed in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and are used in favour of a single outcome. By collecting multiple primary outcomes, it is possible to fully evaluate the effect that an intervention has for a given disease process. A simple approach to analysing multiple outcomes is to consider each outcome separately, however, this approach does not account for any pairwise correlations between the outcomes. Any cases with missing values must be ignored, unless an additional imputation step is performed. Alternatively, multivariate methods that explicitly model the pairwise correlations between the outcomes may be more efficient when some of the outcomes have missing values. In this paper, we present an overview of relevant methods that can be used to analyse multiple outcome measures in RCTs, including methods based on multivariate multilevel (MM) models. We perform simulation studies to evaluate the bias in the estimates of the intervention effects and the power of detecting true intervention effects observed when using selected methods. Different simulation scenarios were constructed by varying the number of outcomes, the type of outcomes, the degree of correlations between the outcomes and the proportions and mechanisms of missing data. We compare multivariate methods to univariate methods with and without multiple imputation. When there are strong correlations between the outcome measures (ρ > .4), our simulation studies suggest that there are small power gains when using the MM model when compared to analysing the outcome measures separately. In contrast, when there are weak correlations (ρ < .4), the power is reduced when using univariate methods with multiple imputation when compared to analysing the outcome measures separately.
Revitalizing the common peroneal function index for assessing functional recovery following nerve injury
Authors: Fontaine Calder , Yeager Eric A. , Sledziona Michael , Jones Amanda K. , Cheetham Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsPeripheral nerve injury is common with poor functional recovery and consequent high personal and societal costs. Sciatic nerve transection and assessment of recovery using sciatic functional index (SFI) are widely used. SFI is biologically limited as axonal misdirection of axons supplying flexors and extensors in the hindlimb, after nerve injury can lead to synkinetic innervation and function which does not correspond to the degree of axonal regeneration.MethodsWe reevaluated the use of traditional metrics such as print length (PL), toe spread (TS), and intermediate toe spread (ITS) as well as hock angle at mid‐swing as approaches for determining recovery. We used two alternative approaches in discrete cohorts of rats following common peroneal crush injury, transection with repair and critical gap, using transection with ligation as a negative control. We compared walking track analysis (print) with digital capture and kinematics.ResultsPL, TS, and ITS varied as expected after injury. The traditional functional index for common peroneal injury using inked prints failed to describe recovery and we derived new indices to describe recovery (all R2 > 0.88, p < .0001) although pre‐injury PFI was never attained by any of the models. Kinematic analysis identified hock angle at mid‐swing as a useful predictor of recovery (p < .0001).InterpretationUsing complementary approaches.
The effect of motor interference therapy in traumatic memories: A pilot study
Authors: Morales‐Rivero Alonso , Reyes‐Santos Lorena , Bisanz Erik , Ruiz‐Chow Angel , Crail‐Melendez Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionTraumatic memories of events such as a life‐threatening incident, serious injury, or sexual violence are a core symptom of stress‐related disorders; they might be susceptible to positive modification with interference tasks (reconsolidation‐based interventions). Our objective was to test the effect of performing a motor interference task (finger tapping in response to audio cues) on patients who suffer from traumatic memories.MethodsWe designed an uncontrolled pilot prospective clinical trial. Ten participants listened to an audio track that instructed them to tap their fingers in response to specific audio cues while trying to recall the traumatic event. Each patient underwent an assessment including the Spanish version of the PTSD Symptom Severity Scale‐Revised (EGS‐R), the visual analogue scale (EQ‐VAS) from EuroQol 5D (EQ‐5D), and a simple visual analogue scale (VAS) before the intervention, immediately after, and a week after the treatment.ResultsAll measures exhibited a statistically significant improvement 1 week after the study. On the PTSD scale, 1 week later, 30% of the patients did not score high enough for such diagnosis. The VAS measured immediately following the intervention (4.4, SD = 2.22) also improved (p < .001), and 30% of the patients scored zero. One week after the intervention, the VAS improved more than 50%ConclusionThe rapid 1‐week improvement on the PSTD scale and the VAS after a 30 min intervention support the idea of further research using a double‐blind, controlled design powered to demonstrate the efficacy of motor interference, an easy‐to‐apply therapeutic tool, in the treatment of traumatic memories.