bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Semi-Quantification Approach for Dopamine Transporter Scan: Quantification of Accumulation by Examining the Approximate Image
Authors: Ito Yoshinori , Fujita Naotoshi , Hara Kazuhiro , Tada Tomohiro , Abe Shinji , Katsuno Masahisa , Naganawa Shinji , Kato Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSemi-quantitative analysis is used to evaluate the degree of tracer binding to the striatum in dopamine transporter (DaT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In DaT SPECT, it is difficult to evaluate the accurate tracer accumulation due to the partial volume effect (PVE). In this study, we propose a novel semi-quantitative approach for measuring the amount of accumulation by examining the approximate image. Using the striatal phantom, we verified the validity of a newly proposed method that can accurately evaluate the tracer accumulations in the caudate and putamen, separately.MethodsThe left and right caudate/putamen regions, and the whole brain region as the background (BG) region were identified in computed tomography (CT) images obtained by SPECT/CT imaging, and the positional information of each region was obtained. The SPECT-like images were generated by assigning assumed accumulation amounts to the left and right caudate/putamen and BG regions based on the positional information. By changing the assumed accumulation amounts assigned to each region, the SPECT-like image, which was approximated to the image obtained by the SPECT imaging, was examined. The accumulation amounts assumed, when the generated SPECT-like image approximated the most to the image actually obtained by the SPECT imaging, were determined as the accumulation amounts in each region. We evaluated the correlation between the count density calculated by the proposed method and the actual count density of 123I solution filled into the striatal phantom, and verified the validity of the proposed method. In addition, the specific binding ratio (SBR) and caudate-putamen ratio (CPR) computed by the proposed method were compared with the theoretical SBR and CPR calculated by the count density of the 123I solution filled into the striatal phantom.ResultsThe count density calculated by the proposed method and the count density of 123I solution filled in the striatal phantom had an extremely strong positive correlation (r=0.997, p < 0.001). The SBRs computed by the proposed method were overestimated. However, the obtained CPRs were very similar to the theoretical CPRs.ConclusionsThe proposed method was able to compute the accurate accumulation amounts in the caudate and putamen, considering the PVE.
Emodin Prevented Depression in Chronic Unpredicted Mild Stress Exposured Rats by Targeting miR139-5p/5-Lipoxygenase
Authors: Zhang Teng , Yang Can , Chu Jiang , Ning Linna , Zeng Peng , Wang Xiaoming , Shi Yan , Qin Baojian , Qu Na , Zhang Qi , Tian Qing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Compelling evidences have highlighted the role of inflammation as a possible mechanism linking stress to depression. Anti-inflammatory treatment might block the occurrence of stress-induced depression. Emodin, a natural active compound extracted from rhubarb, has the biological activity of anti-inflammation. Here, the effect of emodin on the depressed young male rats and the underlying mechanism were studied. Methods: The proteomics analysis of hippocampi, which were taken from depression (Dep) rats, depression resistant (Res) rats and control (Ctrl) rats after 7 weeks’ chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS), were performed. We also screened out depression susceptible (DeS) rats and stress insensitive (Ins) rats at the end of 5th week in CUMS. While exposed to CUMS, DeS rats received daily emodin (Emo, 80mg/kg) or vehicle treatment (Veh) for 2 weeks.Results: Inflammation was suggested by the proteomics analysis of hippocampi taken from Dep rats, Res rats and Ctrl rats. Emodin obviously improved the depression behaviors and a series of pathological changes in hippocampus, such as hippocampal neuron and spine loss, microglia activation, increased interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and the activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Furtherly, we demonstrated that emodin inhibited its excess inflammatory responses possibly by targeting miR139-5p/5-LO and modulating the downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Conclusions: These results established a key role of miR139-5p/5-LO in the development of depression and provided an important evidence that emodin may be a candidate agent for the treatment of depression.
Identification of key pathways and genes in obesity using bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking studies
Authors: Joshi Harish , Vastrad Basavaraj Mallikarjunayya , Joshi Nidhi , Tengli Anandkumar , Vastrad Chanabasayya Mallikarjunayya , Kotturshetti Iranna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Obesity is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. Its progression rate has remained high in recent years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to diagnose important differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated in its development, which may be used as novel biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for obesity. The gene expression profile of E-MTAB-6728 was downloaded from the database. After screening DEGs in each ArrayExpress dataset, we further used the robust rank aggregation method to diagnose 876 significant DEGs including 438 up regulated and 438 down regulated genes. Pathway enrichment analyses and Gene Ontology (GO) were performed by online tool ToppCluster. These DEGs were shown to be significantly enriched in different obesity related pathways and GO functions. Then, the mentha, miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databases were used to construct the protein–protein interaction network, target genes - miRNA regulatory network and target genes - TF regulatory network. The module analysis was performed by the PEWCC1 plug‐in of Cytoscape based on the whole PPI network. We finally filtered out HSPA8, ESR1, YWHAH, RPL14, SOD2, BTG2, LYZ and EFNA1 hub genes. Hub genes were validated by ICH analysis, Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis and RT-PCR. Finally molecular docking study was performed. The robust DEGs linked with the development of obesity was screened through the ArrayExpress database, and integrated bioinformatics analysis was conducted. Our study provides reliable molecular biomarkers for screening and diagnosis, prognosis as well as novel therapeutic targets for obesity.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Anti-Migration and Anti-Invasion Activity of Diphyllin Heterocyclic Derivatives
Authors: Shen Weidong , Chen Haijiao , Wu Miaomiao , Zhang Ting , Zhu Li , Zhao Yu 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Diphyllin, an arylnaphthalene lignan lactone, isolated from many traditional medicinal plants, has
been reported to possess anticancer and antiviral activities. Natural diphyllin and its glycosides were identified as potent
vacuolar H+
-ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitors.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to design and synthesize a series of heterocyclic derivatives of diphyllin as novel
anticancer agents.

Methods:
The targeted heterocyclic derivatives of diphyllin were synthesized from diphyllin employing etherification
reaction and N-substitution reaction. Cytotoxicity of these compounds on four cancer cells was assessed by MTT assay. The
inhibitory activity of V-ATPase of compound 3n was measured on MGC-803 cells. Anti-migration and anti-invasion
abilities were assessed by transwell invasion assay and scratch wound assay.

Results:
Most of these derivatives displayed potent cytotoxicity on four cancer cells at submicromolar concentrations. The
most potent derivative 3n has been shown to inhibited V-ATPase activity, migration and invasion abilities on MGC-803
cells at 0.75 mM.

Conclusion:
The collective results clearly indicate that heterocyclic derivatives of diphyllin inhibit the viability, V-ATPase
activity, migration and invasion of the MGC803 cells. The current findings provide valuable insights for the future
development of novel diphyllin derivatives as anticancer agents.
Cheating for the Cause: The Effects of Performance-Based Pay on Socially Oriented Misreporting
Authors: Hobson Jessen L. , Sommerfeldt Ryan D. , Wang Laura W. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine the effect of performance-based pay on misreporting intended to benefit a social mission. We show that performance-based pay decreases people's propensity to misreport for a social mission in a not-for-profit setting (Experiment 1). We similarly show that in a for-profit setting, performance-based pay also decreases misreporting propensity for a social mission, although not for a non-social mission (Experiment 2). Finally, using a framed field experiment with participants attending a conference hosted by a real charity, we show that performance-based pay reduces actual misreporting when misreporting leads to more donations for the charity (Experiment 3). These results are consistent with our theory suggesting that, relative to fixed pay, performance-based pay imposes additional costs on misreporting employees' self-concepts of benevolence and honesty.
JEL Classifications: C93; J33; L31; M4; M52.
Clinical Impact of Residual C-Peptide Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes on Glycemia and Microvascular Complications
Authors: Jeyam Anita , Colhoun Helen , McGurnaghan Stuart , Blackbourn Luke , McDonald Timothy J. , Palmer Colin N.A. , McKnight John A. , Strachan Mark W.J. , Patrick Alan W. , Chalmers John , Lindsay Robert S. , Petrie John R. , Thekkepat Sandeep , Collier Andrew , MacRury Sandra , McKeigue Paul M. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
To quantify the relationship of residual C-peptide secretion to glycemic outcomes and microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
C-peptide was measured in an untimed blood sample in the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Type 1 Bioresource (SDRNT1BIO) cohort of 6,076 people with type 1 diabetes monitored for an average of 5.2 years.

RESULTS
In regression models adjusted for age at onset and duration, effect sizes for C-peptide ≥200 vs. &lt;5 pmol/L were as follows: insulin dose at baseline, 9% lower (P = 2 × 10−17); HbA1c during follow-up, 4.9 mmol/mol lower (P = 3 × 10−13); hazard ratio for hospital admission for diabetic ketoacidosis during follow-up, 0.44 (P = 0.0001); odds ratio for incident retinopathy, 0.51 (P = 0.0003). Effects on the risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes were detectable at lower levels of C-peptide, and the form of the relationship was continuous down to the limit of detection (3 pmol/L). In regression models contrasting C-peptide 30 to &lt;200 pmol/L with &lt;5 pmol/L, the odds ratio for self-report of at least one serious hypoglycemic episode in the last year was 0.56 (P = 6 × 10−8), and the hazard ratio for hospital admission for hypoglycemia during follow-up was 0.52 (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
These results in a large representative cohort suggest that even minimal residual C-peptide secretion could have clinical benefit in type 1 diabetes, in contrast to a follow-up study of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) intensively treated cohort where an effect on hypoglycemia was seen only at C-peptide levels ≥130 pmol/L. This has obvious implications for the design and evaluation of trials of interventions to preserve or restore pancreatic islet function in type 1 diabetes.
Dapagliflozin and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Exploratory Analysis From DAPA-HF
Authors: Inzucchi Silvio E. , Docherty Kieran F. , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Martinez Felipe A. , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Solomon Scott D. , Verma Subodh , Bělohlávek Jan , Böhm Michael , Chiang Chern-En , de Boer Rudolf A. , Diez Mirta , Dukát Andre , Ljungman Charlotta E.A. , Bengtsson Olof , Langkilde Anna Maria , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality and worsening heart failure in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial. This report explores the effect of dapagliflozin on incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the cohort without diabetes enrolled in the trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The subgroup of 2,605 patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), no prior history of diabetes, and an HbA1c of &lt;6.5% at baseline was randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo. In this exploratory analysis, surveillance for new-onset diabetes was accomplished through periodic HbA1c testing as part of the study protocol and comparison between the treatment groups assessed through a Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS
At baseline, the mean HbA1c was 5.8%. At 8 months, there were minimal changes, with a placebo-adjusted change in the dapagliflozin group of −0.04%. Over a median follow-up of 18 months, diabetes developed in 93 of 1,307 patients (7.1%) in the placebo group and 64 of 1,298 (4.9%) in the dapagliflozin group. Dapagliflozin led to a 32% reduction in diabetes incidence (hazard ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.94; P = 0.019). More than 95% of the participants who developed T2D had prediabetes at baseline (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%). Participants who developed diabetes in DAPA-HF had a higher subsequent mortality than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONS
In this exploratory analysis among patients with HFrEF, treatment with dapagliflozin reduced the incidence of new diabetes. This potential benefit needs confirmation in trials of longer duration and in people without heart failure.
Fast and uncoordinated suburbanization of Vilnius in the context of depopulation in Lithuania
Authors: Ubarevičienė Rūta , Burneika Donatas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Like many other Central and Eastern European countries Lithuania has been experiencing significant socio-spatial transformations since the 1990s. One of the most prominent of these transformations is associated with the residential suburbanization of its major cities. The suburbs are the only areas in Lithuania where the population has been growing in recent decades, while the country has lost almost one quarter of its population. Although, extensive urban growth is a common feature for all large Lithuanian cities, it is more noticeable in Vilnius. Due to its historical and geographical context, Vilnius, and the region surrounding it, is in an area where rural-urban transformation also means transformation of the social, ethnic, and political landscape. The aim of this article is to obtain more insight into the recent process of the fast, but weakly controlled, residential suburbanization of Vilnius. The focus is on understanding the scale of suburbanization and its impact on the social and physical environment. In this study, we use quantitative data on population and residential constructions as well as presenting some visual material. Our results show that the new suburban-style settlements are spatially dispersed. New residential areas have emerged within the city limits, along its administrative boundary as well as in the most peripheral parts of the Vilnius metropolitan region. In terms of the morphology and physiognomy, a great suburban diversity exists in and around Vilnius, and different building styles are mixed creating a rather chaotic landscape, with little interference from urban planners and no clear vision for the future.
Towards Explainable Classifiers Using the Counterfactual Approach - Global Explanations for Discovering Bias in Data
Authors: Mikołajczyk Agnieszka , Grochowski Michał , Kwasigroch Arkadiusz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper proposes summarized attribution-based post-hoc explanations for the detection and identification of bias in data. A global explanation is proposed, and a step-by-step framework on how to detect and test bias is introduced. Since removing unwanted bias is often a complicated and tremendous task, it is automatically inserted, instead. Then, the bias is evaluated with the proposed counterfactual approach. The obtained results are validated on a sample skin lesion dataset. Using the proposed method, a number of possible bias-causing artifacts are successfully identified and confirmed in dermoscopy images. In particular, it is confirmed that black frames have a strong influence on Convolutional Neural Network’s prediction: 22% of them changed the prediction from benign to malignant.
Polyphenol Rich Sugar Cane Extract Inhibits Bacterial Growth
Authors: Ahtesh Fatah B , Stojanovska Lily , Feehan Jack , de Courten Maximilian PJ , Flavel Matthew , Kitchen Barry , Apostolopoulos Vasso 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Plants that are primarily used as a food source commonly have undervalued biological properties beyond the basic supply of nutrients. One important example of this are the antimicrobial properties of plants. Inclusion of natural and food grade antimicrobial ingredients in recipes to prevent food spoilage and disease transmission, or in cosmetic products to prevent transient and pathogenic bacteria would have world-wide public health implications. A patented natural polyphenol rich sugar cane extract (PRSE), is marketed as a high anti-oxidant and polyphenol ingredient, but its anti-microbial activity has not been reported previously. We determined the anti-bacterial properties of PRSE on common human pathogens relating to a range of diseases including food poisoning, tooth decay, acne and severe skin infections using disc/well diffusion experiments. Our findings indicate that PRSE is an efficient antimicrobial, which could be included at differing dosages to target a range of food borne and environmental pathogens.
Synthesis of HoFeO3 Nanomaterials by Citric Acid Sol-gel Method
Authors: Tien Nguyen Anh , Vuong Bui Xuan , Tuan Loi Nguyen 
Published: December 2020

In this study, HoFeO3 nanomaterials with very small particle sizes (< 50 nm) were synthesized using citric acid sol-gel method through hydrolysis of Ho3+ and Fe3+ cations in hot water. Single-phase HoFeO3 was generated after calcination of the as-prepared powder at 750 and 850°C during 1 hour. The UV-Vis spectra at room temperature presented strong areas absorption in the range of 300 ÷ 600 nm with small band gap energy (Eg = 1.93÷2.25 eV). The obtained HoFeO3 nanomaterials exhibited a soft ferromagnetic behaviour with a magnetic coercivity of 33.2 OE.
Functional recovery following surgery for chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Merrill Sarah A. , Khan Daniel , Richards Alexandra E. , Kalani Maziyar A. , Patel Naresh P. , Neal Matthew T. 
Published: December 2020

Background:Among the elderly, chronic subdural hematoma is a relatively common neurosurgical condition. Presenting symptoms range from headache and focal neurological deficits to seizure and coma depending on location and extent of brain compression. Functional recovery following surgery for chronic subdural hematoma is central to quality of life and ongoing health for elderly patients; however, there is a paucity of data regarding functional recovery in this population.Methods:In this study, the physical activity of patients who underwent surgical evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma was surveyed, as well as participation in physical therapy following surgery. In total, 38 patients completed the survey.Results:Of the 30 patients who exercised regularly before surgery, 28 (90.3%) returned to exercise within 1 year after surgery. Of 13 patients who reported playing hobby sports before surgery, 9 (69.2%) returned to those sports. 17/38 (44.7%) patients participated in physical therapy after surgery. 35/38 (92.1%) of patients reported that the surgery improved their quality of life.Conclusion:The majority of patients who underwent surgery for chronic subdural hematoma were able to return to exercise within 1 year. Participation in physical therapy was associated with return to exercise and sports. Further study is needed to determine which factors contribute to a return to baseline levels of physical activity following surgery for chronic subdural hematoma.
Le trappole della testimonianza
La rappresentazione dei rifugiati in Consigli per essere un bravo immigrato di Elvira Mujčić, La frontiera di Alessandro Leogrande e le antologie di Refugee Tales
Authors: De Capitani Lucio , Sbrojavacca Elena 
Published: December 2020

In the wake of the so-called refugee crisis, the ethical imperative to write about the predicament of refugees has become hard to ignore. However, many representational pitfalls are involved in this process. Can refugees relate their story in a way that does not trap them into the role of victims? Can authors that choose to tell these stories avoid appropriating these experiences? This article tackles these issues in a comparative fashion, taking its case studies and theoretical insights from both the Italian and British cultural context, focusing on Elvira Mujčić’s Consigli per essere un bravo immigrato, Alessandro Leogrande’s La frontiera, and the short stories collections Refugee Tales.
Franco Marucci. History of English Literature. From the Late Inter-War Years to 2010 (Volume 8, Books 1 and 2)
Authors: Tomaiuolo Saverio 
Published: December 2020

Review of Marucci, F. (2019). History of English Literature. From the Late Inter-War Years to 2010 (Volume 8, Book 1). Transl. from the Italian by A. Gillan. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 674. | Marucci, F. (2019). History of English Literature. From the Late Inter-War Years to 2010 (Volume 8, Book 2). Transl. from the Italian by C. Durkan and D. Gailor. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 746.
Analisis Penerapan Fungsi Manajemen Bagian Rekam Medis Di Puskesmas Dompu Kota 2019
Authors: Mulyati Mulyati 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan studi kasus pada istansi Puskesmas Dompu Kota dengan judul “Analisis Penerapan Fungsi Manajemen Bagian Rekam Medis Di Puskesmas Dompu Kota 2019”. Dengan tujuan Untuk mengetahui penerapan fungsi manajemen di rekam medis Puskesmas Dompu Kota, apakah berefek dengan baik dalam menunjang Standar rekam medis serta yang paling penting pada pasien yang datang berkunjung. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam menilai penerapan fungsi Manajemen di Rekam Medis Puskesmas Dompu Kota adalah metode data deskriptif, karena penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah analisis penerapan fungsi manajemen rekam medis Puskesmas Dompu Kota.apakah berefek dengan baik dalam menunjang Standar mutu rekam medis serta yang berefek paling penting pada pasien yang datang berkunjung. Tolak ukur yang digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah fungsi manamen sudah di terapkan dengan baik di Rekam medis Puskesmas Dompu Kota. Maka fungsi manajemen sudah diterapkan tapi tidak dampak efektif pada rekam medis dan staf pegawainya.
Dari hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dapat disimpulkan bahwa Rekam Medis PuskesmasDompu Kota Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan fungsi manajemen dalam Rekam Medis Puskesmas Dompu Kota belum maksimal tetapi sudah cukup berhasil meskipun keberhasilannya belum merata karena terdapat beberapa faktor yang menghambat. Dalam rekam medis harus dikondisikan dengan anggaran belanja Puskesmas serta konsep strategis sebagai pengantisipasian dari faktor penghambat yang dapat menguras waktu dan tenaga rekam medis seperti staf pegawai rekam medis dan kesehatan lainnya.penerapan fungsi manajemen yang sesuai dengan prosedur serta proses dari tahapan manajemen harus melalui nilai-nilai kedisiplinan dalam administrasi sehingga mutu pelayanan yang di titik beratkan pada rekam medis sebagai pelayanan awal saat pasien berkunjung di Puskesmas Dompu Kota sesuai dengan visi dan misi puskesmas.