bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Laminin-111 and Laminin-211 protein therapy prevents muscle disease progression in an immune deficient mouse model of LAMA2-CMD
Authors: Barraza-Flores Pamela , Hermann Hailey J. , Bates Christina R. , Allen Tyler G. , Grunert Timothy T. , Burkin Dean J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Laminin-α2 related Congenital Muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) is a devastating genetic disease caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene. These mutations result in progressive muscle wasting and inflammation leading to delayed milestones, and reduced lifespan in affected patients. There is currently no cure or treatment for LAMA2-CMD. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that mouse Laminin-111 can serve as an effective protein replacement therapy in a mouse model of LAMA2-CMD. Methods In this study, we generated a novel immunocompromised dy W mouse model of LAMA2-CMD to study the role the immune system plays in muscle disease progression. We used this immune deficient dy W mouse model to test the therapeutic benefits of recombinant human laminin-111 and laminin-211 protein therapy on Laminin-α2 deficient muscle disease progression. Results We show that immune deficient Laminin-α2 null mice demonstrate subtle differences in muscle regeneration compared to immune competent animals during early disease stages, but overall exhibit a comparable muscle disease progression. We found human laminin-111 and laminin-211 could serve as effective protein replacement strategies with mice showing improvements in muscle pathology and function. We observed that human laminin-111 and laminin-211 exhibit differences on satellite and myoblast cell populations and differentially affect muscle repair. Conclusions This study describes the generation of a novel immune deficient mouse model that allows investigation of the role the immune system plays in LAMA2-CMD. This model can be used to assess the therapeutic potential of heterologous therapies that would illicit an immune response. Using this model, we show that recombinant human Laminin-111 can serve as effective protein replacement therapy for the treatment of LAMA2-CMD.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Infection in Diabetic Pregnant Women from Sanandaj, Kurdistan, West of Iran
Authors: Shakiba Nadia , Farhadifar Fariba , Bahmani nasrin , Zareei Mojde 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic parasitic protozoan, which is a causative agent of serious complications such as abortion in pregnant women or fetal still birth.
The aim of this study was evaluating the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis infection in diabetic pregnant women from Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran.
Methods: In this study 136 serum samples from diabetic pregnant women were collected from referred to the Toohid hospital diabetes center during June 2018 to October 2019 in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran. IgM and IgG titers were evaluated by ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software and using Chi-Square and Fisher tests.
Results: The ELISA method showed 35(25.7%) and 7(5.1%) of diabetic pregnant women were positive for IgG and IgM T.gondii antibodies respectively. There was statistically significant relationship between toxoplasma infection and education, gestational age and number of parity.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that public awareness and education about toxoplasmosis and its transmission routes before pregnancy may be effective in preventing congenital toxoplasmosis.
Analysis on risk factors for neck shortening after internal fixation for Pauwels type II femoral neck fracture in young patients
Authors: Zhao Fulong , Guo Lijuan , wang xuefei , Zhang Yakui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Femoral neck shortening can occur in in young patients receiving internal fixation for Pauwels type II femoral neck fracture. The risk factors for neck shortening, which can affect hip function, are not clear. This study aimed to retrospectively identify risk factors for neck shortening after internal fixation with parallel partially threaded cannulated cancellous screws for Pauwels type II femoral neck fracture in relatively young patients. Methods: Clinical data from 122 cases with Pauwels type II femoral neck fracture from February 2014 to February 2019 were reviewed and analyzed, and causes of neck shortening were statistically analyzed. And the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare indicators. Multivariate analysis was conducted with non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in age, sex, BMD, BMI, fracture type, posterior medial cortex comminution, and reduction quality between patients with femoral neck shortening and those without femoral neck shortening. Logistic regression analysis showed that fracture type, posterior medial cortex comminution, and reduction quality were the main risk factors for neck shortening. Conclusion：Fracture type, posterior medial cortex comminution, and reduction quality can be used as important reference indexes to predict the possibility of neck shortening after internal fixation with parallel, partially threaded, cannulated cancellous screws for Pauwels type II femoral neck fracture in young patients.BMD and BMI may be also risk factors. Key words: Young patients, Femoral neck fracture, Internal fixation, Neck shortening, Risk factors
Detection of high and low-risk HPV DNA in archived breast carcinoma tissues from Ethiopian women
Authors: Gebregzabher Endale Hadgu , Seifu Daniel , Tigneh Wondemagegnhu , Bokretsion Yonas , Bekele Abebe , Abebe Markos , Lillsunde-Larsson Gabriella , Karlsson Christina , Karlsson Mats G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: HPV have been implicated in the development of cancer of the cervix, mouth and throat, anus, penis, vulva, or vagina, but it has not been much considered as a cause of breast cancer. However, a growing number of investigations have linked breast cancer to viral infections. High-risk HPV types, predominantly (HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -39, -45, -51, -52, -56, -58, and -59) are established as carcinogens in humans, while HPV-68 is probably carcinogenic. In this study we aimed to detect 19 high risk and 9 low risk HPVs from archived breast tumor tissue among Ethiopian women.Methods: In this study, 75 breast cancer patients from Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) were included. HPV detection and genotyping were done using the novel Anyplex™ II HPV-28 Detection Assay at the Orebro University Hospital, Sweden. The AnyplexTMII PCR System detects 19 high-risk HPV types (16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 69, 73, 82) and 9 low-risk HPV types(6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70). IHC for p16 was done in automated system using the Dako Autostainer Link.Results: Out of the 75 valid tests 2 were found to be positive (2.7%) for HPV. One of the cases were positive for high risk HPV16 genotype while the other were positive both for high risk HPV39 and low risk HPV6. The cell cycle protein p16 was highly expressed in the case positive for the high risk HPV16 but it was not expressed in the case positive for HPV39.Conclusion: With limited number of cases positive for HPV in this study, it is our conclusion that cervical cancer prevention strategies may help protection of breast cancer only in small groups of patients. Due to limitation of the number of participants in the study as well as possible other mechanisms of carcinogenesis, our observation should be reconfirmed using a larger set of patients and in case-control design.
Seismic anisotropy accrued by seven unusually deep local earthquakes (between 50 and 60km) in the Albertine rift: Implications of asthenospheric melt upwelling
Authors: Batte Arthur Godfrey , Schumann A. , Twesigomwe E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We investigated the primary mechanisms triggering the S-wave splitting of 7 unusually deep local earthquakes (between 50km and 60km) that originated in the lithosphere beneath the Rwenzori region, in attempt to develop an understanding of the relationship between anisotropic structures in the lithosphere and tectonic deformation processes. A total of 12 of 44 waveforms showed evidence of SWS on their polarization diagrams and were available for further analysis. The fast-wave direction (φ) and delay-time (δt) were estimated using the covariance matrix and the cross-correlation coefficient methods respectively. We observed a clockwise rotation of NW-SE and ~ENE-WSW trending φ-directions at stations deployed on the southward propagating Lake Albert rift segment. We related these directions to anisotropic fabric, probably lattice preferred orientation of preexisting olivine’s a-axis aligned with ESE absolute plate motion (APM) vector. At stations deployed away from the rift valley, we similarly observed WNW-ESE and NNW-SSE patterns of φ-directions which we associated to the shape preferred orientation of structures that were probably frozen in the lithosphere and are aligned with the present-day APM direction. We observed δt values ranging between 0.04±0.01s and 0.43±0.02s that significantly decrease with distance away from the rift axis which further supports the view that the anisotropy observed at stations deployed on the ESE propagating plate is related to aligned melt inclusions frozen into the surrounding lithosphere. We further observe that the δt increases linearly with ray-path length which could probably suggest a fairly uniform anisotropy between 50km to 60km depth.
Impact of viral coinfection and macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infection in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Yajuan , Wang Jing , Chen Wenjuan , Shen Nan , Tao Yue , Zhao Ruike , Luo Lijuan , Li Biru , Cao Qing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The cases of of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia have been increasing recently; however, whether viral coinfection or macrolide-resistant M. infection contribute to the development of refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of viral coinfection and macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infection on hospitalized M. pneumoniae pneumonia in hospitalized children and build a model to predict a severe disease course. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs or sputum specimens were collected from patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were admitted to Shanghai Children’s Medical Center from December 1, 2016, to May 31, 2019. The specimens were tested with the FilmArray Respiratory Panel, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay that detects 16 viruses, Bordetella pertussis, M. pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors for adenovirus coinfection and macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infection.Results: Among the 107 M. pneumoniae pneumonia patients, the coinfection rate was 56.07%, and 68 (68/107, 63.55%) patients were infected by drug-resistant M. pneumoniae. Adenovirus was the most prevalent coinfecting organism, accounting for 22.43% (24/107). The classification tree confirmed that viral coinfection was more common in patients younger than 3 years. Adenovirus coinfection and drug-resistant M. pneumoniae infection occurred more commonly in patients with refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia (P=0.019; P=0.001). A prediction model including wheezing, lung consolidation and extrapulmonary complications was used to predict adenovirus coinfection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction model was 0.795 (95% CI 0.679-0.893, P<0.001). A prolonged fever duration after the application of macrolides for 48 hours was found more commonly in patients infected by drug-resistant M. pneumoniae (P=0.002). A fever duration longer than 7 days was an independent risk factor for drug-resistant Mycoplasma infection (OR=3.500, 95% CI=1.310-9.353, P=0.012).Conclusions: The occurrence of refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia is associated with adenovirus coinfection and infection by drug-resistant M. pneumoniae. A prediction model combining wheezing, extrapulmonary complications and lung consolidation can be used to predict adenovirus coinfection in children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia. A prolonged fever duration indicates drug-resistant M. pneumoniae infection, and a reasonable change in antibiotics is necessary.
Association and interaction of hemoglobin glycation index with hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mi Jing , Song Jian , Zhao Yingying , wu xue-sen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.ResultsSpecifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.ConclusionHigh HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.
Redox-Responsive Tumor Targeted Dual-Drug Loaded Biocompatible Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhancing Anticancer Cytotoxicity
Authors: Liu Chang , Xu Xiaoyu , Zhou Junnian , Yan Jiaqi , Wang Dongqing , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have proven to be a promising class of drug carriers due to their high porosity, crystalline properties with defined structure information, and their potential for further functionalization. However, to date, no extensive research has been conducted on MOF-based drug carriers with stimuli-responsive, dual-drug delivery, and tumor targeting functions. Here, we demonstrate the strategy of constructing a redox responsive and tumor-targeted MOF, as dual-drug carrier, by anchoring functional disulfide anhydride and folic acid (FA) molecules to the organic links of MOFs, respectively. The MOF composites show the controlled release of loaded 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) entrapped within UiO-66-NH2 nanostructures modified by dichloroacetic acid (DCA). Moreover, the MOF building block DCA acts as a synergistical drug to 5-FU in cancer cells inhibition. Through disulfide bonds, the gated MOF has redox-responsive drugs release. The confocal laser scanning microscopy further proved that conjugation of folic acid to the MOF surface can significantly enhance the targeting ability to cancer cells and the cancer cell uptake of FA-MOFs. The synthesis of redox-responsive dual-drug delivery MOF hybrids paves the way to assemble of other MOF hybrids that respond to other triggering factors such as light, temperature, pH, or biomarkers. The properties and functions of such materials are expected to influence the development of sensors, new catalysts, photonic devices, and drug delivery carriers.
Medicinal Ethnobotany of Wild Woody Plants: a Cross-cultural Comparison Around Georgia-turkey Border, the Western Lesser Caucasus
Authors: Kazancı Ceren , Oruç Soner , Mosulishvili Marine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The Mountains of the Western Lesser Caucasus with its rich plant diversity, multicultural and multilingual nature, host diverse ethnobotanical knowledge related to medicinal plants. However, medicinal ethnobotany and the factors shaping the patterns of plant knowledge/use in the region have not been investigated broadly yet. Doing so could show the variations between communities and highlight the acknowledged salient medicinal plant species. We aimed to determine and discuss the similarities and differences of medicinal ethnobotany among people living in highland pastures on both sides of Georgia-Turkey border. Methods: During 2017 and 2018 summer transhumance period, we interviewed 119 participants, 74 in Turkey, 45 in Georgia, with semi-structured. We structured our data in use-reports (URs) following ICPC classification. We used Cultural Importance (CI) Index, Informant Consensus Factor (FIC), shared/separate species-use combinations, as well as literature data for comparison. Results:We documented 63 native wild woody plant species nearly half of which are in common on both side of the border. 267 distinct species-use combinations are reported.Only 7% of themare shared.Around 63% of the reports have not been mentioned specifically in the literature. The species having similar/same use reports in both countries are Picea orientalis, Pinus sylvestris var. hamata, Berberis vulgaris, Sambucus nigra, Vaccinium arctostaphylos, Vaccinium myrtillus, Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica, Crataegus monogyna, Rosa canina, Rosa hirtissima and Sorbus aucaparia. For 40% of the species in both countries, more than one plant part is used medicinally.The most common way of using shrubs and trees as medicine in Georgia is drinking the water infusion of fruits and leaves, while in Turkey drinking the water decoction of fruits and roots. 60% of the top 20 genera in both countries have use reports for at least three medicinal use categories. The most cited reports with high agreement arerelated with the treatment of digestive disorders in both countries. It seems that patterns of medicinal knowledge is connected with more than one cultural factors in particular etnolinguistic diversity, cultural background, and access to multilingual written folk and scientific literature,even combination of various factors.Conclusion: Considering their floral similarity, common historical/cultural contact along with similar livelihood strategies, shared ethnomedicinal knowledge across the border is quite low. Even though the effects of accessing multilingual written folk and scientific literature is likely to be significantly relevant, the factors that shape the medicinal knowledgepatterns of the communities seem complex and dynamic which needs further assessments considering intracultural diversity, socio-economical conditions, as well as political history across the border.
Using Reduced Amino Acid Alphabet and Biological Properties to Analyze and Predict Animal Neurotoxin Protein
Authors: Yu Yao , Wang Shiyuan , Wang Yakun , Cao Yiyin , Yu Chunlu , Pan Yi , Su Dongqing , Lu Qianzi , Zuo Yongchun , Yang Lei 
Published: May 2020

Background:Because of the high affinity of these animal neurotoxin proteins for some special target site, they were usually used as pharmacological tools and therapeutic agents in medicine to gain deep insights into the function of the nervous system.Background and Objective:The animal neurotoxin proteins are one of the most common functional groups among the animal toxin proteins. Thus, it was very important to characterize and predict the animal neurotoxin proteins.Methods:In this study, the differences between the animal neurotoxin proteins and non-toxin proteins were analyzed.Results:Significant differences were found between them. In addition, the support vector machine was proposed to predict the animal neurotoxin proteins. The predictive results of our classifier achieved the overall accuracy of 96.46%. Furthermore, the random forest and k-nearest neighbors were applied to predict the animal neurotoxin proteins.Conclusion:The compared results indicated that the predictive performances of our classifier were better than other two algorithms.
Anti-inflammatory Augmentation Therapy in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Review
Authors: Ghasemi Hanie , Nomani Homa , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is considered as a serious disabling
psychiatric disorder, influencing 2-3% of the total general population, with an unknown etiology.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search in electronic databases was performed to investigate
treatments targeting inflammation in patients suffering from OCD.

Results:
Recent studies display that inflammation processes and the dysfunction of the immune system
are likely to play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD, indicating that the disturbances in neurotransmitters
such as serotonin and dopamine cannot be alone involved in the development of
OCD. Therefore, it seems that medications with anti-inflammatory effects have the potential to be
evaluated as a new therapeutic strategy for OCD. However, this issue can be studied closely if OCD
etiological factors are thoroughly understood. The present review study aims at gathering all obtained
results concerning new treatments targeting inflammation in OCD patients. Reviewing the
conducted studies shows that the use of agents with anti-inflammatory properties, including some
NSAIDs, Minocycline and Atorvastatin, could lead to promising and intriguing results in the treatment
of OCD. Curcumin also showed good efficacy in the reduction of OCD-like behavior when it
has been used in an animal model. However, there is still no definitive and conclusive evidence for
any of the medications proposed.

Conclusion:
More future studies are needed to investigate anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for
OCD and its other subtypes such as Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS), and
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infection
(PANDAS).