bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric behaviour with high lattice thermal conductivity of Nickel base Ni2CuCrFeAlx (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5) high entropy alloys
Authors: Kush Lav , Srivastava Sanjay , Jaiswal Yash , Srivastava Yogesh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this article, investigated Ni-based Ni2CuCrFeAl
x
(0.5 ≤ x ≤ 2.5) alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy route. On varying x, the alloy changes from single FCC to single BCC with a transition duplex in FCC/BCC region. The severe scattering effect of lattice in these high-entropy alloys was observed by weak x-ray diffraction intensities. Also, owing to this lattice effect, the observed electrical and thermal conductivity are much smaller than those of pure metal components. On a contrary, because of additional scattering effect of FCC/BCC phase boundaries in the alloys, both conductivity values are even higher than those in the duplex phase region. Present work explains the properties of temperature dependant High-Entropy alloys (HEA’s) as a potential new class of thermoelectric materials. The thermoelectric properties can be controlled significantly by changing the valence electron concentration via appropriate substitutional elements. Both the electrical and thermal properties were found to decrease with a lower VEC number. These findings highlight the possibility to exploit HEA’s as a new class of futuristic high temperature TE materials.
Microstructures and properties of 90W-4Ni-6Mn alloy prepared by vacuum sintering
Authors: Duan Bohua , Zhou Tao , Yang Guo , Yang Donglin , Wang Dezhi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tungsten-nickel-manganese alloy is an excellent potential replacement of depleted uranium alloy for kinetic energy penetrator (KEP) due to its high self-sharpening effect. In this work, the 90W-4Ni-6Mn alloy was prepared by vacuum sintering, and the effects of the sintering temperature and oxygen content on its microstructure and properties were discussed. Sintering temperature had a great influence on the properties of tungsten heavy alloy. The optimal properties of 90W-4Ni-6Mn with the relative density of 99.43%, the W grain size of 3.80 μm, and the compressive strength of 2790 MPa were obtained at the sintering temperature of 1125 °C for 60 min under a vacuum of 10−2∼10−3 Pa. With the increase of oxygen content, the densification of powders became more difficult, and the microstructure homogeneity and mechanical properties of sintered samples decreased accordingly. The results provide a new effective way to prepare W–Ni–Mn alloy with high performance.
High-order harmonic generation in a microfluidic glass device
Authors: Ciriolo A G , Martínez Vázquez R , Tosa V , Frezzotti A , Crippa G , Devetta M , Faccialá D , Frassetto F , Poletto L , Pusala A , Vozzi C , Osellame R , Stagira S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We report on the efficient generation of high-order harmonics in helium gas inside complex glass micro-devices fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining. By exploiting the three-dimensional capabilities and extreme flexibility of this fabrication technique we developed fluidic micro-structures in a fused-silica substrate that allowed us to achieve accurate control of the gas density inside a micrometer-sized microchannel. As a result, we achieved a broadband spectrum of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation which extends up to 200 eV and we observed a considerable increase in the harmonics generation efficiency if compared with traditional harmonic generation in gas jets. We foresee that the application of femosecond-laser-micromachined glass devices to high-order harmonics generation can be extended to more complex on-chip systems including different functionalities, thus opening the possibility to future miniaturization of XUV and Attosecond beamlines.
Pursuance: The Movement of The Common Wind
Authors: Smith Matthew J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The 2018 publication of Julius S. Scott’s The Common Wind: Afro-American Currents in the Age of the Haitian Revolution inspired a renewed focus on the reverberations of the Haitian Revolution. Here, six scholars of the Atlantic World and the Age of Revolutions consider the historiographical implications of The Common Wind and remind us how the Haitian upheaval belongs at the very center of the ripples of modernity that spread across the globe from the revolutionary Atlantic.
Evaluating Percentage-Based Reporting of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Calvaresi Emilia C , Genzen Jonathan R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The World Health Organization recommends measurement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity before initiation of 8-aminoquinoline therapy. A new drug for malaria prophylaxis and treatment (tafenoquine) is contraindicated in patients with G6PD deficiency or unknown G6PD status given its prolonged half-life. Assessments of percentage of normal G6PD activity using laboratory-specific result distributions are not widely available, making tafenoquine-eligibility decisions potentially challenging.

Methods
Using an institutional review board–exempt protocol, a data set of quantitative G6PD results was retrieved from a national reference laboratory. G6PD testing was previously performed at 37 °C using an automated enzymatic assay configured on a Roche cobas c501 chemistry analyzer.

Results
Overall, 52,216 results from patients 18 years and older and 6,397 results from patients younger than 18 years were obtained. A modified adjusted male median of 12.7 U/g Hb was derived for adult males in this assay configuration. Result distributions showed higher G6PD activity in neonates.

Conclusions
Retrospective data analysis can be used to determine laboratory-specific normal G6PD activity values in clinical populations and thus can assist in clinical-eligibility considerations for 8-aminoquinoline treatment.
RobustClone: a robust PCA method for tumor clone and evolution inference from single-cell sequencing data
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Gong Fuzhou , Wan Lin , Ma Liang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell sequencing (SCS) data provide unprecedented insights into intratumoral heterogeneity. With SCS, we can better characterize clonal genotypes and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of tumor cells/clones. However, SCS data are often error-prone, making their computational analysis challenging.

Results
To infer the clonal evolution in tumor from the error-prone SCS data, we developed an efficient computational framework, termed RobustClone. It recovers the true genotypes of subclones based on the extended robust principal component analysis, a low-rank matrix decomposition method, and reconstructs the subclonal evolutionary tree. RobustClone is a model-free method, which can be applied to both single-cell single nucleotide variation (scSNV) and single-cell copy-number variation (scCNV) data. It is efficient and scalable to large-scale datasets. We conducted a set of systematic evaluations on simulated datasets and demonstrated that RobustClone outperforms state-of-the-art methods in large-scale data both in accuracy and efficiency. We further validated RobustClone on two scSNV and two scCNV datasets and demonstrated that RobustClone could recover genotype matrix and infer the subclonal evolution tree accurately under various scenarios. In particular, RobustClone revealed the spatial progression patterns of subclonal evolution on the large-scale 10X Genomics scCNV breast cancer dataset.

Availability and implementation
RobustClone software is available at https://github.com/ucasdp/RobustClone.

Contact
lwan@amss.ac.cn or maliang@ioz.ac.cn

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Predicting the structure of turtle assemblages along a megatransect in West Africa
Authors: Luiselli Luca , Akani Godfrey C , Ajong Stephanie N , George Adedolapo , Di Vittorio Massimiliano , Eniang Edem A , Dendi Daniele , Hema Emmanuel M , Petrozzi Fabio , Fa John E 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding large- and small-scale patterns and the determinants of species richness is central for the study of evolutionary mechanisms. The extent to which species richness in local communities is related to larger-scale processes is a pre-eminent topic in ecological and evolutionary research. To investigate how local and regional species richness are related, we sampled freshwater turtle assemblages in seven localities to represent the variation in ecological conditions along a 90 km south–north megatransect in Benin, West Africa. In each locality, all turtles captured were identified and measured, and the microhabitat in which individual turtles were observed was classified. Based on these data, we used community diversity metrics to compare turtle assemblages. Spatial autocorrelation did not affect our data. For all localities pooled, two species (Pelusios castaneus and Pelomedusa olivacea) were the most common and one species (Trionyx triunguis) was the rarest. Analyses of the commonest and more numerous species showed that the abundance of Pelusios castaneus declined with an increase in latitude and longitude, but the opposite was true for Pelomedusa olivacea. We showed that various characteristics of the microhabitat were significantly correlated with the abundance of the two common species. We found significant but variable south–north gradients in microhabitat use for different turtle species. Our results highlight the importance of studying interactions between local environments, the ecological requirements of each species and their synecological relationships.
Effects of Olfactory Stimulation on Past and Future Thinking in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Glachet Ophélie , El Haj Mohamad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated not only with difficulty in remembering past events but also with a compromised ability to imagine future ones. Recent empirical research has also demonstrated that odor is an effective cue to alleviate difficulty in remembering past events in AD. We investigated whether odor exposure would help AD patients to imagine future events. To this end, we invited AD patients and control participants to evoke past and future events after odor exposure or without odor. Analysis showed that AD patients and control participants produced more specific and more emotional past and future events after odor exposure than without odor. However, odor exposure did not improve the retrieval time for future thinking in AD participants. This study is the first to demonstrate positive effects of odor exposure on the ability of AD patients to project themselves into the future.
Invasive Aspergillosis Due to Aspergillus Section Usti: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Glampedakis Emmanouil , Cassaing Sophie , Fekkar Arnaud , Dannaoui Eric , Bougnoux Marie-Elisabeth , Bretagne Stéphane , Neofytos Dionysios , Schreiber Peter W , Hennequin Christophe , Morio Florent , Shadrivova Olga , Bongomin Felix , Fernández-Ruiz Mario , Bellanger Anne Pauline , Arikan-Akdagli Sevtap , Erard Veronique , Aigner Maria , Paolucci Michela , Khanna Nina , Charpentier Eléna , Bonnal Christine , Brun Sophie , Gabriel Frederic , Riat Arnaud , Zbinden Reinhard , Le Pape Patrice , Klimko Nikolai , Lewis Russel E , Richardson Malcolm , İnkaya Ahmet Cagkan , Coste Alix T , Bochud Pierre-Yves , Lamoth Frederic 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Aspergillus spp. of section Usti (A. ustus) represent a rare cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA). This multicenter study describes the epidemiology and outcome of A. ustus infections.

Methods
Patients with A. ustus isolated from any clinical specimen were retrospectively identified in 22 hospitals from 8 countries. When available, isolates were sent for species identification (BenA/CaM sequencing) and antifungal susceptibility testing. Additional cases were identified by review of the literature. Cases were classified as proven/probable IA or no infection, according to standard international criteria.

Results
Clinical report forms were obtained for 90 patients, of whom 27 had proven/probable IA. An additional 45 cases were identified from literature review for a total of 72 cases of proven/probable IA. Hematopoietic cell and solid-organ transplant recipients accounted for 47% and 33% cases, respectively. Only 8% patients were neutropenic at time of diagnosis. Ongoing antimold prophylaxis was present in 47% of cases. Pulmonary IA represented 67% of cases. Primary or secondary extrapulmonary sites of infection were observed in 46% of cases, with skin being affected in 28% of cases. Multiple antifungal drugs were used (consecutively or in combination) in 67% of cases. The 24-week mortality rate was 58%. A. calidoustus was the most frequent causal agent. Minimal inhibitory concentrations encompassing 90% isolates (MIC90) were 1, 8, &gt;16, and 4 µg/mL for amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, respectively.

Conclusions
Aspergillus ustus IA mainly occurred in nonneutropenic transplant patients and was frequently associated with extrapulmonary sites of infection. Mortality rate was high and optimal antifungal therapy remains to be defined.
Strongyloides stercoralisInfection in Solid Organ Transplant Patients Is Associated With Eosinophil Activation and Intestinal Inflammation: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Clark Eva , Pritchard Haley , Hemmige Vagish , Restrepo Alejandro , Bautista Karla , Damania Ashish , Ricciardi Alessandra , Nutman Thomas B , Mejia Rojelio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundStrongyloidiasis can cause devastating morbidity and death in immunosuppressed patients. Identification of reliable biomarkers for strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients is critical for the prevention of severe disease.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study of solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates and recipients, we quantified Strongyloides-specific IgG to the recombinant NIE-Strongyloides antigen and/or to a soluble extract of S. stercoralis somatic antigens (“crude antigen”) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). We also measured peripheral eosinophilia, 4 different eosinophil granule proteins, and intestinal fatty acid–binding protein (IFABP).ResultsWe evaluated serum biomarkers in 149 individuals; 77 (52%) pre-SOT and 72 (48%) post-SOT. Four percent (6/149) tested positive by NIE ELISA and 9.6% (11/114) by crude antigen ELISA (overall seropositivity of 9.4% [14/149]). Seropositive patients had higher absolute eosinophil counts (AECs) than seronegative patients (P = .004). AEC was positively correlated to the levels of eosinophil granule proteins eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) (P &lt; .05), while IFABP was positively related to the 2 other eosinophil granule proteins (major basic protein [MBP] and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin [EDN]; Spearman’s r = 0.3090 and 0.3778, respectively; P &lt; .05; multivariate analyses slopes = 0.70 and 2.83, respectively).ConclusionsThis study suggests that, in SOT patients, strongyloidiasis triggers both eosinophilia and eosinophil activation, the latter being associated with intestinal inflammation. These data provide insight into the pathogenesis of S. stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised population at high risk of severe strongyloidiasis syndromes.
Global Action for Local Impact: The 11th International Conference on Typhoid and Other Invasive Salmonelloses
Authors: Duff Noah , Steele A Duncan , Garrett Denise 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Typhoid and other invasive salmonelloses continue to cause an estimated 14.8 million cases and &gt; 200 000 deaths annually, largely affecting children in low- and middle-income countries. However, recent strides in global policy have paved the way for accelerated progress with prevention and control efforts. To translate these recent advancements at the global level into real impact in communities at the local level, the Coalition against Typhoid, based at the Sabin Vaccine Institute, convened the 11th International Conference on Typhoid and Other Invasive Salmonelloses in Hanoi, Vietnam, in March 2019. Here, we review the significant topics and research discussed at the conference, including diagnostics, environmental surveillance, drug resistance, burden of disease, and vaccines, as well as additional prevention and control interventions.
Analysis of Epidemiological and Clinical Features in Older Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outside Wuhan
Authors: Lian Jiangshan , Jin Xi , Hao Shaorui , Cai Huan , Zhang Shanyan , Zheng Lin , Jia Hongyu , Hu Jianhua , Gao Jianguo , Zhang Yimin , Zhang Xiaoli , Yu Guodong , Wang Xiaoyan , Gu Jueqing , Ye Chanyuan , Jin Ciliang , Lu Yingfeng , Yu Xia , Yu Xiaopeng , Ren Yue , Qiu Yunqing , Li Lanjuan , Sheng Jifang , Yang Yida 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a large threat to public health in China, with high contagious capacity and varied mortality. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of older patients with COVID-19 outside Wuhan.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed, with collecting data from medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Zhejiang province from 17 January to 12 February 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data were analyzed between older (≥ 60 years) and younger (&lt; 60 years) patients.

Results
A total of 788 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were selected; 136 were older patients with corresponding mean age of 68.28 ± 7.31 years. There was a significantly higher frequency of women in older patient group compared with younger patients (57.35% vs 46.47%, P = .021). The presence of coexisting medical conditions was significantly higher in older patients compared with younger patients (55.15% vs 21.93%, P &lt; .001), including the rate of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Significantly higher rates of severe clinical type (older vs younger groups: 16.18% vs 5.98%, P &lt; .001), critical clinical type (8.82% vs 0.77%, P &lt; .001), shortness of breath (12.50% vs 3.07%, P &lt; .001), and temperature of &gt; 39.0°C (13.97% vs 7.21%, P = .010) were observed in older patients compared with younger patients. Finally, higher rates of intensive care unit admission (9.56% vs 1.38%, P &lt; .001) and methylprednisolone application (28.68% vs 9.36%, P &lt; .001) were also identified in older patients compared with younger ones.

Conclusions
The specific epidemiological and clinical features of older COVID-19 patients included significantly higher female sex, body temperature, comorbidities, and rate of severe and critical type disease.
Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China
Authors: Qin Chuan , Zhou Luoqi , Hu Ziwei , Zhang Shuoqi , Yang Sheng , Tao Yu , Xie Cuihong , Ma Ke , Shang Ke , Wang Wei , Tian Dai-Shi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
In December 2019, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China.

Methods
Demographic and clinical data of all confirmed cases with COVID-19 on admission at Tongji Hospital from 10 January to 12 February 2020 were collected and analyzed. The data on laboratory examinations, including peripheral lymphocyte subsets, were analyzed and compared between patients with severe and nonsevere infection.

Results
Of the 452 patients with COVID-19 recruited, 286 were diagnosed as having severe infection. The median age was 58 years and 235 were male. The most common symptoms were fever, shortness of breath, expectoration, fatigue, dry cough, and myalgia. Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and were more impaired in severe cases. Both helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, with lower levels of Th cells in the severe group. The percentage of naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower levels of regulatory T cells, which are more obviously decreased in severe cases.

Conclusions
The novel coronavirus might mainly act on lymphocytes, especially T lymphocytes. Surveillance of NLR and lymphocyte subsets is helpful in the early screening of critical illness, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.
Salivary AMY1 Copy Number Variation Modifies Age-Related Type 2 Diabetes Risk
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Smith Caren E , Parnell Laurence D , Lee Yu-Chi , An Ping , Straka Robert J , Tiwari Hemant K , Wood Alexis C , Kabagambe Edmond K , Hidalgo Bertha , Hopkins Paul N , Province Michael A , Arnett Donna K , Tucker Katherine L , Ordovas Jose M , Lai Chao-Qiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Copy number variation (CNV) in the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) modulates salivary α-amylase levels and is associated with postprandial glycemic traits. Whether AMY1-CNV plays a role in age-mediated change in insulin resistance (IR) is uncertain.

Methods
We measured AMY1-CNV using duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in two studies, the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS, n = 749) and the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drug and Diet Network study (GOLDN, n = 980), and plasma metabolomic profiles in the BPRHS. We examined the interaction between AMY1-CNV and age by assessing the relationship between age with glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes (T2D) according to high or low copy numbers of the AMY1 gene. Furthermore, we investigated associations between metabolites and interacting effects of AMY1-CNV and age on T2D risk.

Results
We found positive associations of IR with age among subjects with low AMY1-copy-numbers in both studies. T2D was marginally correlated with age in participants with low AMY1-copy-numbers but not with high AMY1-copy-numbers in the BPRHS. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis identified the pentose metabolic pathway based on metabolites that were associated with both IR and the interactions between AMY1-CNV and age. Moreover, in older participants, high AMY1-copy-numbers tended to be associated with lower levels of ribonic acid, erythronic acid, and arabinonic acid, all of which were positively associated with IR.

Conclusions
We found evidence supporting a role of AMY1-CNV in modifying the relationship between age and IR. Individuals with low AMY1-copy-numbers tend to have increased IR with advancing age.