bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adopting traditional fermented foods as carriers for probiotics
Authors: Mukisa Ivan Muzira , Byakika Stellah , Meeme Rehema , Wacoo Alex Paul , Sybesma Wilbert , Kort Remco 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTraditional fermented products can be adopted as probiotic carriers. This study was aimed at evaluating the potential of usingObushera, a traditional sorghum beverage from Uganda, as a carrier forLactobacillus rhamnosus yoba.Design/methodology/approachProbioticObusherawas produced by fermenting sorghum malt withLb. rhamnosus yoba2012 and Streptococcus thermophilus C106 at 30 °C and at room temperature (21°C-25 °C) for 24 h. Acidity, pH, total soluble solids and microbial counts were monitored. Consumer acceptability and purchase index of probioticObusherawere compared to four commercial non-probiotic brands. Shelf stability of probioticObusherawas determined by monitoring changes in pH, acidity, soluble solids, microbial counts and consumer acceptability during refrigerated storage.FindingsLactobacillus rhamnosus yoba2012 multiplied and lowered the pH ofObusherafrom 5.3 to < 4.0 (p< 0.0001) whilst increasing acidity from 0.21 to 0.46 per cent (p< 0.0001) in 9 h at 30 °C. Consumer acceptability varied withObusherabrand (p< 0.0001). The overall acceptability score of probioticObushera(score of 6.4 = like slightly) was similar to that of the two most acceptable commercial brands (scores of 5.8 and 6.6). Acidity, pH andLb. rhamnosuscounts of probioticObusheravaried within 0.6 per cent –1.05 per cent (p< 0.0001), 3.3–3.4 (p< 0.0001), and 8.2-9.2 log cfu/ml (p< 0.0001), respectively during two months of storage. The overall acceptability of probioticObushera(scores of 6.9-7.8) did not change significantly during storage (p= 0.185).Practical ImplicationsTraditional fermented foods such asObusheracan be adopted as carriers of probiotic microorganisms.Originality/valueUse of commercial probiotic strains in traditional fermented foods is a novel approach that can be adopted to improve safety of traditional fermentations and health of consumers.
A discussion frame for explaining records that are based on algorithmic output
Authors: Andresen Herbjørn 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to raise attention within the records management community about evolving demands for explanations that make it possible to understand the content of records, also when they reflect output from algorithms.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach is a conceptual analysis based in records management theory and the philosophy of science. The concepts that are developed are thereafter applied to “the right to an explanation” and “an algorithmic ethics approach,” respectively, to further examine their viability.FindingsDifferent forms of explanations, ranging from “certain” explanations to predictions, as well as varying degrees of control over the input data to algorithms, affect the nature of the explanations and what kinds of records the explanations may reside in.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to a conceptual frame for discussing where explanations to algorithms may be documented, within different kinds of records, emanating from different kinds of processes.
Measuring phenotypes in fluctuating environments
Authors: Burton Tim , Lakka Hanna‐Kaisa , Einum Sigurd 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Despite considerable theoretical interest in how the evolution of phenotypic plasticity should be shaped by environmental variability and stochasticity, how individuals actually respond to these aspects of the environment within their own lifetimes remains unclear.

We propose that this understanding has been hampered by experimental approaches that expose organisms to fluctuating environments (typically treatments where fluctuations in the environment are cyclical vs. erratic) for a pre‐determined duration while ensuring that the mean environment over that the entire exposure period is invariable. This approach implicitly assumes that responses to the mean and variance/predictability in the environment occur over the same time‐scale. If this assumption is false, one potential outcome is that phenotypic differences among the treatment groups might arise in response to differences in the mean environment that are present over shorter time periods among those same treatment groups.

We illustrate an experimental design that (a) creates variation in the level of environmental predictability, (b) allows for estimation of the time‐scale over which the phenotypic response to the mean environment occurs and (c) permits statistical estimation of the effect of predictability in the environmental variable of interest while controlling for any effect of the mean environment over the relevant temporal scale.

Using the clonally reproducing zooplankton species Daphnia magna, we test for within‐generation plasticity in the ability to tolerate high temperature following exposure to multiple temperature treatments with the same overall mean, but where the pattern of fluctuations differed among them. This approach revealed that heat tolerance in Daphnia was not influenced by variability in temperature per se nor the predictability of fluctuations in temperature but adjusted in response to the mean temperature they experienced 24 hr prior to measurement.

Our results suggest that conclusions arising from studies that employ a single manipulation of environmental predictability and which cannot consider such potentially confounding effects may be premature.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Paediatric intubation in Australasian emergency departments: A report from the ANZEDAR
Authors: Ghedina Nicole , Alkhouri Hatem , Badge Helen , Fogg Toby , McCarthy Sally 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology, clinical practice and outcomes of paediatric ED intubation in Australia and New Zealand.MethodProspectively collected airway management audit data from 43 EDs in Australia and New Zealand that was submitted to the Australia and New Zealand Emergency Department Airway Registry between 2010 and 2015.ResultsPaediatric cases accounted for 4.94% (270/5463) of cases (median age = 3, interquartile range [IQR] = 2–9). A median of 5 (IQR = 2–9) intubations were reported per department per year. Most intubations were performed for medical indications (72.2%), including seizure (25.2%) and respiratory failure (15.2%). Patients were physiologically compromised prior to intubation with 69.5% comatose, 50.9% outside of the normal age‐adjusted range for respiratory rate, 15.9% hypoxic and 12.6% hypotensive. Complication rate was 33.3% and desaturation was the most common (18.5%). The ED mortality rate was 3.8%. First pass success (FPS) was 80% (95% CI 75.2–84.8). Infants less than 1 year of age had lower FPS, higher rates of difficult laryngoscopy and higher rates of desaturation than other age groups.ConclusionPaediatric intubation in Australasian EDs is rare from a departmental and individual provider viewpoint. Success rates are similar to contemporary international registries. Complications are common and ongoing collaborative multicentre audit with resultant quality improvement is desirable to facilitate improved success and reduced complications.
Testing hot‐spots police patrols against no‐treatment controls: Temporal and spatial deterrence effects in the London Underground experiment
Authors: Ariel Barak , Sherman Lawrence W. , Newton Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur understanding of causality and effect size in randomized field experiments is challenged by variations in levels of baseline treatment dosage in control groups across experiments testing similar treatments. The clearest design is to compare treated cases with no‐treatment controls in a sample that lacks any prior treatment at baseline. We applied that strategy in a randomized test of hot‐spots police patrols on the previously never‐patrolled, track‐level platforms of the London Underground (LU). In a pretest–posttest, control‐group design, we randomly assigned 57 of the LU's 115 highest crime platforms to receive foot patrol by officers in 15‐minute doses, 4 times per day, during 8‐hour shifts on 4 days a week for 6 months. The effect of 23,272 police arrivals at the treatment hot spots over 26 weeks was to reduce public calls for service by 21 percent on treated platforms relative to controls, primarily when police were absent (97 percent of the measured effect). This effect was six times larger than the mean standardized effect size found in the leading systematic review. This finding provides a benchmark against the baseline counterfactual of no patrol in hot spots, with strong evidence of residual deterrence and no evidence of local displacement.
Systematic review of nutritional interventions for people admitted to hospital for alcohol withdrawal
Authors: McLean Cameron , Tapsell Linda , Grafenauer Sara , McMahon Anne‐Therese 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this review is to describe the nature of nutritional interventions for people admitted to hospital for alcohol withdrawal reported in the scientific literature and the health outcomes achieved.MethodsThe review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017081884). The following databases were systematically searched following the PRISMA protocol: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Eligible studies were those published in English, in a hospital inpatient setting with the primary reason for admission being alcohol withdrawal. Studies of patient populations with the diagnosis of pancreatitis or liver cirrhosis were excluded. Studies were screened for eligibility, and data were extracted and descriptively analysed. Identified articles were assessed using the Quality Criteria Checklist for Primary Research produced by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.ResultsFourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Given the heterogeneity of studies, only a descriptive analysis of interventions could be achieved. Nutrition interventions included supplementation with thiamine, multivitamins, amino acids, antioxidant compounds, probiotics, magnesium or were educational interventions. Outcome measures included memory function, biochemical and anthropometrical indices, withdrawal symptoms, bowel flora levels and nutrition knowledge. However, the overall body of evidence was limited, particularly as there was a wide variation in participant age, study designs and duration of interventions.ConclusionsA wide range of nutrition interventions were identified, mostly involving nutrient supplements ameliorating inadequacies. Future research might also consider total dietary interventions as well as studies on the perspectives of people undergoing alcohol withdrawal.
Oncogene addiction and tumor mutational burden in non‐small‐cell lung cancer: Clinical significance and limitations
Authors: Smolle Elisabeth , Leithner Katharina , Olschewski Horst 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLung cancer incidence has increased worldwide over the past decades, with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the vast majority (85%) of lung cancer specimens. It is estimated that lung cancer causes about 1.7 million global deaths per year worldwide. Multiple trials have been carried out, with the aim of finding new effective treatment options. Lately, special focus has been placed on immune checkpoint (PD1/PD‐L1) inhibitors which impact the tumor immune microenvironment. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been found to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conversely, recent studies have weakened the significance of TMB as a predictor of response to therapy and survival. In this review article, we discuss the significance of TMB, as well as possible limitations. Furthermore, we give a concise overview of mutations frequently found in NSCLC, and discuss the significance of oncogene addiction in lung cancer as an essential driver of tumorigenesis and tumor progression.
Accuracy of the Defining Characteristics of the Sexual Dysfunction Nursing Diagnosis in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Ferreira Iarlla Silva , Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho , Rodrigues Andrea Bezerra , Santiago Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos , de Sousa Vanessa Emille Carvalho , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Moreira Camila Brasil 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis of sexual dysfunction in women undergoing pharmacological treatment for breast cancer.MethodsA cross‐sectional accuracy study with statistical analysis.FindingsAlteration in sexual satisfaction was the defining characteristic with the highest sensitivity value, while perceived sexual limitation was the defining characteristic with the highest value for both sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsPerceived sexual limitation is a good clinical indicator to infer initial stages of sexual dysfunction and to confirm its presence.Implications For Nursing PracticeAccurate diagnostics allow devising an action plan directed to the patients’ real needs, helping prescribe and deliver the appropriate nursing interventions.
Type 2 diabetes–associated polymorphisms correlate with SIRT1 and TGF‐β1 gene expression
Authors: Ramírez Ángeles , Hernández Miriam , Suárez‐Sánchez Rocío , Ortega Clara , Peralta Jesús , Gómez Jaime , Valladares Adán , Cruz Miguel , Vázquez‐Moreno Miguel Alexander , Suárez‐Sánchez Fernando 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe polymorphisms rs3758391 and rs1800470 located in SIRT1 and TGF‐β1 have been associated with type 2 diabetes in different populations but its functional effect is not clear. In this study, we evaluated their effect on the expression of SIRT1 and TGF‐β1 in peripheral blood as well as their participation in the formation of DNA–protein complexes in a pancreas‐derived cell line. It has been described that SIRT1 and TGF‐β1 participate in cell growth and regulation of production and secretion of insulin in the pancreas. Anthropometric and biochemical profiles of 127 adults were measured. Genotypes for rs3758391 and rs1800470 were determined using TaqMan assays. Expression analysis of SIRT1 and TGF‐β1 were performed using real‐time PCR. Gene expression of these genes increased 1.8 ± 0.6‐ and 1.3 ± 0.6‐fold in patients carrying the TT genotype of rs3758391 and rs1800470 when compared to carriers of the CC genotype. Then, we tested whether these single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (and rs932658, which is in linkage disequilibrium with rs3758391) are located in regulatory DNA‐protein binding sites by electrophoretic mobility shift assays using nuclear extract from the pancreas‐derived cell line BxPC‐3. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed no binding of nuclear proteins to DNA. In conclusion, the genotypes of rs3758391 and rs1800470 are associated with modifications in the expression of the genes SIRT1 and TGF‐β1, respectively, but none of the tested SNPs are located in regulatory DNA‐protein binding sites.
Brief Report: Problem Gambling in International and Domestic University Students
Authors: Dowling Nicki A. , Brown Meredith , Aarsman Stephanie , Merkouris Stephanie S. 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesInternational students comprise an ethnic minority subpopulation who may be at increased risk for the development of gambling problems. This study aimed to explore the psychosocial factors associated with gambling problems in international and domestic university students in Australia.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐three (n = 173) university students (127 domestic, 45 international) completed measures of gambling participation, problem gambling, psychosocial factors (depression, anxiety, perceived social support, loneliness, gambling‐related cognitive distortions) and English language difficulties.ResultsGambling participation, but not problem gambling status, was lower in international than domestic students. Only anxiety and cognitive distortions were associated with problem gambling in domestic students; and only cognitive distortions were associated with problem gambling in international students. International student status failed to moderate the relationships between any psychosocial factor and problem gambling status.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceFuture research is required to elucidate problem gambling risk and protective factors in this ethnic minority subgroup, with a view to guide culturally sensitive initiatives. (Am J Addict 2019;00:00–00)
Eight principles for newborn care in neonatal units: Findings from a national survey
Authors: Lopez-Maestro Maria , De la Cruz Javier , Perapoch‐Lopez Josep , Gimeno‐Navarro Ana , Vazquez‐Roman Sara , Alonso‐Diaz Clara , Muñoz‐Amat Bárbara , Morales‐Betancourt Catalina , Soriano‐Ramos María , Pallas‐Alonso Carmen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo assess, at national level, the implementation of eight principles for infant‐ and family‐centred developmental care (IFCDC) in neonatal units. A European expert group established eight ‘Principles of care’ in 2018 that define neurodevelopmental and family‐centred care.MethodsThe implementation of each principle was assessed by a survey sent to level‐III Spanish units. A principle was considered to be implemented if all answers to the principle‐associated questions were positive.ResultsThe response rate was 84.5% (65/77). No unit had implemented eight principles. Principle 1 (free parental access) was implemented in 21.5% of the centres; Principle 2 (psychological support) 40%; Principle 3 (pain management) 7.7%; Principle 4 (environmental influences) 29%; Principle 5 (postural support) 84.6%; Principle 6 (kangaroo‐care) 67.7%; Principle 7 (breastfeeding) 23% and Principle 8 (sleep protection) in 46%. In units attending ≥50 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, four or more principles had been implemented in 31% vs 13% <50 VLBW neonates (odds ratio 3.0 CI 95% 0.9‐10.1, P .07).ConclusionThe principle with the highest implementation was related to newborn body positioning. Pain management was the principle with lowest implementation. More principles for IFCDC tend to be implemented in units providing care for a higher number of VLBW infants.
A review of using partial least square structural equation modeling in e‐learning research
Authors: Lin Hung‐Ming , Lee Min‐Hsien , Liang Jyh‐Chong , Chang Hsin‐Yi , Huang Pinchi , Tsai Chin‐Chung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPartial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) has become a key multivariate statistical modeling technique that educational researchers frequently use. This paper reviews the uses of PLS‐SEM in 16 major e‐learning journals, and provides guidelines for improving the use of PLS‐SEM as well as recommendations for future applications in e‐learning research. A total of 53 articles using PLS‐SEM published in January 2009–August 2019 are reviewed. We assess these published applications in terms of the following key criteria: reasons for using PLS‐SEM, model characteristics, sample characteristics, model evaluations and reporting. Our results reveal that small sample size and nonnormal data are the first two major reasons for using PLS‐SEM. Moreover, we have identified how to extend the applications of PLS‐SEM in the e‐learning research field.
Lymphovascular invasion and presence of embryonal carcinoma as risk factors for occult metastatic disease in clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumour: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Blok Joost M. , Pluim Ilse , Daugaard Gedske , Wagner Thomas , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Wilthagen Erica A. , Looijenga Leendert H.J. , Meijer Richard P. , Bosch J.L.H. Ruud , Horenblas Simon 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature on the prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and embryonal carcinoma (EC) for occult metastatic disease in clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumour (CS I NSGCT).Materials and methodsThe PubMed, Embase (OVID) and SCOPUS databases were searched up to March 2019. Studies reporting on the association between LVI and/or EC and occult metastatic disease were considered for inclusion. The quality and risk of bias were evaluated by the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool.ResultsWe screened 5287 abstracts and 207 full‐text articles. We included 35 studies in the narrative synthesis and 24 studies in a meta‐analysis. LVI showed the strongest effect. Pooled rates of occult metastasis were 47.5% and 16.9% for LVI‐positive and LVI‐negative patients, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 4.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.55–5.30; P < 0.001). Pooled rates of occult metastasis were 33.2% for EC presence and 16.2% for EC absence (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77; P < 0.001). Pooled rates of occult metastasis were 40.0% for EC >50% and 20.0% for EC <50% (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.93–3.56; P < 0.001).ConclusionsLVI is the strongest risk factor for relapse. The prognostic value of EC is high, but there is no common agreement on how to define this risk factor. Both EC presence and EC >50% have similar ORs for occult metastasis. This shows that the assessment of EC presence is sufficient for the classification of EC.
Differences in epiphyte biomass and community composition along landscape and within‐crown spatial scales
Authors: Amici Autumn A. , Nadkarni Nalini M. , Williams Cameron B. , Gotsch Sybil G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVascular epiphytes contribute to the structural, compositional, and functional complexity of tropical montane cloud forests because of their high biomass, diversity, and ability to intercept and retain water and nutrients from atmospheric sources. However, human‐caused climate change and forest‐to‐pasture conversion are rapidly altering tropical montane cloud forests. Epiphyte communities may be particularly vulnerable to these changes because of their dependence on direct atmospheric inputs and host trees for survival. In Monteverde, Costa Rica, we measured vascular epiphyte biomass, community composition, and richness at two spatial scales: (1) along an elevation gradient spanning premontane forests to montane cloud forests and (2) within trees along branches from inner to outer crown positions. We also compared epiphyte biomass and distribution at these scales between two different land‐cover types, comparing trees in closed canopy forest to isolated trees in pastures. An ordination of epiphyte communities at the level of trees grouped forested sites above versus below the cloud base, and separated forest versus pasture trees. Species richness increased with increasing elevation and decreased from inner to outer branch positions. Although richness did not differ between land‐cover types, there were significant differences in community composition. The variability in epiphyte community organization between the two spatial scales and between land‐cover types underscores the potential complexity of epiphyte responses to climate and land‐cover changes.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.