bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die schönste Zeit des Lebens?
Authors: Weber Rainer , Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Pförtner Timo Kolja , Albus Christian , Stosch Christoph 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund. Trotz der gesundheitspolitischen Relevanz ist die Datenlage zu psychischen Erkrankungen und Belastungen von Studierenden in Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich eher schmal. Bestehende Untersuchungen mit größeren Stichproben leiden entweder an methodischen Problemen in der Erfassung von psychischen Störungen oder sind wenig kontrolliert. Fragestellungen: Um einen Überblick über das Ausmaß psychischer Symptome von Studierenden zu bekommen, wurden in einem Screening-Ansatz die Studierenden der Universität zu Köln im Rahmen einer Online-Befragung befragt. Zusätzlich zu den störungsbezogenen Ergebnissen wurden Daten zur Inanspruchnahme von Hilfeleistungen und studienrelevante Informationen und dem Vorliegen des Verdachts einer Persönlichkeitsstörung erfasst. Methodik. 44 299 Studierende der Universität zu Köln wurden zu einer Online-Befragung zum Thema Studieren mit psychischen Belastungen und Erkrankungen eingeladen. Zum Erfassen psychischer Beschwerden und Erkrankungen wurden der Patient-Health-Questionnaire (PHQ-D) und ein Screeningfragebogen für Persönlichkeitsstörungen (Persönlichkeitsstörungs-Screening Kurzform [PSS-K]), eingesetzt. Ergebnisse. Die Rücklaufquote der Befragung lag bei 11.18 % ( N = 4 952; bereinigte Rücklaufquote: N = 4 894; 11,04 %). Bei 53.6 % der Studierenden ( N = 2 657) zeigte sich mindestens ein syndromales Störungsbild (PHQ-D). Der Verdacht auf eine Störung der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung stellt sich bei 14.5 % der Respondentinnen und Respondenten ( N = 708). Schlussfolgerung. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass psychische Belastungen unter Studierenden weit verbreitet sind. Neben behandlungsbedürftigen psychischen Störungen findet sich ein nicht geringer Prozentsatz subklinischer Zustände. Präventions- und Interventionsansätze sollten auf unterschiedliche Schweregrade der Belastung abgestimmt sein. Weiterhin stellen psychische Beschwerden einen Risikofaktor für Studienabbruchgedanken dar.
Intensivierte Exposition zur Förderung des Inhibitionslernens bei Angststörungen
Authors: Heinig Ingmar , Hummel Katrin V. 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Wirksamkeit von Expositionsverfahren bei Angststörungen ist hervorragend belegt. Dennoch profitieren viele Patient_innen nicht oder nicht ausreichend, was die Notwendigkeit zur Verbesserung der Verfahren deutlich macht. Vielversprechende Optimierungsstrategien lassen sich aus Modellen des Inhibitionslernens ableiten, andererseits aus der Beobachtung, dass die in expositionsbasierten klinischen Trials erreichten hohen Effektstärken in der Mehrzahl durch deutlich kürzere und intensivere Therapien verglichen mit der Routineversorgung erreicht werden. Der Forschungsverbund PROTECT-AD (Providing Tools for Effective Care and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders) untersucht in einer multizentrischen randomisierten Studie die Effekte einer intensivierten Expositionstherapie (Intensivierte psychotherapeutische Intervention, IPI) mit zeitlich ausgedehnter Selbstmanagementphase im Vergleich zu einem inhaltlich identischen, aber zeitlich gestreckten treatment as ususal (TAU) bei über 600 Patient_innen mit verschiedenen Angststörungen. Hier berichten wir, wie Intensivierung als Optimierungsstrategie therapeutisch umgesetzt werden kann. Unsere Erfahrungen zeigen, dass intensivierte Exposition von den Patient_innen sehr gut angenommen wird und eine Reihe praktischer und gesundheitsökonomischer Vorteile bieten kann.
Dark Ammonium Transformations in the Pearl River Estuary During Summer
Authors: Chen Ling , Zhang Xiao , He Biyan , Liu Jing , Lu Yanhong , Liu Hongbin , Dai Minhan , Gan Jianping , Kao Shuh‐Ji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGrowing human activities in recent decades have collectively resulted in large amounts of nutrients export into coastal oceans. As the most reactive nitrogen species, ammonium (
) plays the critical role in biogeochemical cycles in estuaries and the coastal ocean. In the highly polluted Pearl River Estuary (PRE),
predominates to be the energy source for nitrification and to be the material source for bacteria and phytoplankton to grow. Both above processes are affected by light, yet in opposite ways. Nevertheless, rare studies paid attention to dual
transformation processes specifically during dark conditions. By using nitrogen isotope tracer technique, we quantitatively and simultaneously differentiated two distinctive
consumption pathways, that is,
oxidation (AOD) and assimilation (AAD) rates, especially under dark conditions along the PRE during the 2015 and 2017 summer cruises when biological activities were the highest. We found the
transformations display a bilayer structure with AAD > AOD in almost all the surface waters and vice versa in all bottom waters, suggesting bacteria and phytoplankton (mainly bacteria) control
consumption in surface during the night while nitrifiers are the major
consumer in the bottom waters. Through redundancy analysis, we found that both processes are mainly driven by
in the PRE during summer. In addition, in the downstream PRE during two cruises, AOD at most contributed 27% and 8% of the water column community dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption assuming the Redfield stoichiometry has no direct effect on hypoxia formation in the PRE during summer.
Understanding Nonideal Paleointensity Recording in Igneous Rocks: Insights From Aging Experiments on Lava Samples and the Causes and Consequences of “Fragile” Curvature in Arai Plots
Authors: Tauxe L. , Santos C.N. , Cych B. , Zhao X. , Roberts A.P. , Nagy L. , Williams W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe theory for recording of thermally blocked remanences predicts a quasilinear relationship between low fields like the Earth's in which rocks cool and acquire a magnetization. This serves as the foundation for estimating ancient magnetic field strengths. Addressing long‐standing questions concerning Earth's magnetic field requires a global paleointensity data set, but recovering the ancient field strength is complicated because the theory only pertains to uniformly magnetized particles. A key requirement of a paleointensity experiment is that a magnetization blocked at a given temperature should be unblocked by zero‐field reheating to the same temperature. However, failure of this requirement occurs frequently and the causes and consequences of failure are understood incompletely. Recent experiments demonstrate that the remanence in many samples typical of those used in paleointensity experiments is unstable, exhibiting an “aging” effect in which the (un)blocking temperature spectra can change over only a few years resulting in nonideal experimental behavior. While a fresh remanence may conform to the requirement of equality of blocking and unblocking temperatures, aged remanences may not. Blocking temperature spectra can be unstable (fragile), which precludes reproduction of the conditions under which the original magnetization was acquired. This limits our ability to acquire accurate and precise ancient magnetic field strength estimates because differences between known and estimated fields can be significant for individual specimens, with a low field bias. Fragility of unblocking temperature spectra may be related to grain sizes with lower energy barriers and may be detected by features observed in first‐order reversal curves.
The Full Extent of El Niño's Precipitation Influence on the United States and the Americas: The Suboptimality of the Niño 3.4 SST Index
Authors: Nigam Sumant , Sengupta Agniv 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKey features of El Niño's influence on North American winter precipitation are well‐known but we show that this influence has, hitherto, been suboptimally characterized in winter, and especially in fall and spring. The suboptimality has arisen from the historical over‐reliance on regressions on the Niño 3.4 SST index—a widely used marker of El Niño variability. We show that El Niño's full influence is obtained from assembling the regressions on the spatiotemporal modes constituting El Niño variability, rather than from regressions on an SST index keyed just to its mature phase (Niño 3.4 index). The notably different influence of central and eastern Pacific El Niños on Eastern Seaboard is documented. The full influence of El Niño on North American precipitation is shown to be substantially larger than previously recognized and pronounced not just in northern winter but even in fall and spring—enhancing prospects for year‐round seasonal prediction.
The Field Line Resonance in the Three‐Dimensionally Inhomogeneous Magnetosphere: Principal Features
Authors: Mager Pavel N. , Klimushkin Dmitri Yu. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe paper is devoted to study of the field line resonance in the three‐dimensionally inhomogeneous model of the magnetosphere taking into account the plasma inhomogeneity across the magnetic shells, along the field lines and in the azimuthal direction. The emphasis is made on the azimuthally small scale modes since they allow approximate analytical investigation. It was found that the Alfvén mode can propagate only in a channel bounded by the toroidal and poloidal surfaces where the wave's frequency matches the toroidal and poloidal eigenfrequency, correspondingly. The resonance surface is located inside the channel. It is a separatrix dividing energy flows from the toroidal and poloidal surfaces. The separatrix is a surface where the wave energy is accumulated. The approach to the separatrix surface is accompanied by decrease of the azimuthal wavelength up to zero, the crossing is accompanied by jump of the wave amplitude. The wave amplitude on the resonance surface remains finite.
Limits and Benefits of the Spatial Autocorrelation Microtremor Array Method Due to the Incoherent Noise, With Special Reference to the Analysis of Long Wavelength Ranges
Authors: Cho I. , Iwata T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo examine the upper limit of the analyzable wavelength ranges (upper limit wavelength, ULW) of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method in microtremor surveys, we have derived a formula evaluating stochastic errors of a phase velocity estimate obtained by the SPAC method. We then followed our previous paper to evaluate biases generated in a phase velocity estimate that come from the presence of the incoherent noise so that we could discuss which is the crucial factor determining the ULW. As a result, the incoherent noise is considered as the crucial factor. In the consequence, we proposed a formula to evaluate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and to determine phase velocity with the effects of the incoherent noise compensated. We used observed data to validate the above theory. Through the validation procedure, we obtained an approximation equation , where NULW means ULW normalized by array radius and A is a constant. The parameter A took a value from about 1/2 to 2 in the cases of this study. Finally, an additional and simple analysis was executed, which indicates that the incoherent noise not only limits the SPAC analysis but also can provide benefits: they are possibly used for evaluating the attenuation of soils. A microtremor array survey with the traditional SPAC method of Okada (2003, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560801740) can be a mobile tool for evaluating the very local attenuation at a site of interest (i.e., gaining a high spatial resolution), in frequency ranges suited for earthquake engineering and by using simple seismic arrays with short time observations.
The Salty Secrets of Icy Ocean Worlds
Authors: Vance Steven D. , Journaux Baptiste , Hesse Marc , Steinbrügge Gregor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs new insights have emerged in recent decades about the dynamics of sea ice, researchers have sought to extend these insights to ice covered oceans in the solar system, where nonicy materials preserved in icy lithospheres may hold clues to solid‐state convection and the possible presence of life. The recent study by Buffo et al. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020je006394, considers the salt content of the ice covering Jupiter's moon Europa in the context of gravity drainage and mushy layer theory, and makes provocative predictions about the amounts of salts retained in the ice. A major question in such studies is how well the preservation and transport of salts in ice translates to the length and time scales of ices in ocean worlds. This work underlines the fundamental importance of including the role of chemistry in the modeling the structures and dynamics of the ice layers in ocean worlds.
Numerical Simulations of the Geospace Response to the Arrival of an Idealized Perfect Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Welling Daniel T. , Love Jeffrey J. , Rigler E. Joshua , Oliveira Denny M. , Komar Colin M. , Morley Steven K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPreviously, Tsurutani and Lakhina (2014,https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058825) created estimates for a “perfect” interplanetary coronal mass ejection and performed simple calculations for the response of geospace, including. In this study, these estimates are used to drive a coupled magnetohydrodynamic‐ring current‐ionosphere model of geospace to obtain more physically accurate estimates of the geospace response to such an event. The sudden impulse phase is examined and compared to the estimations of Tsurutani and Lakhina (2014,https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058825). The physics‐based simulation yields similar estimates for Dst rise, magnetopause compression, and equatorialvalues as the previous study. However, results diverge away from the equator.values in excess of 30 nT/s are found as low asmagnetic latitude. Under southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions, magnetopause erosion combines with strong region one Birkeland currents to intensify theresponse. Values obtained here surpass those found in historically recorded events and set the upper threshold of extreme geomagnetically induced current activity at Earth.
Hydrological Dynamics of the Congo Basin From Water Surfaces Based on L‐Band Microwave
Authors: Fatras C. , Parrens M. , Peña Luque S. , Al Bitar A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, the hydrological dynamics of the Congo River Basin (CRB) have been analyzed. This is achieved using multiangular and dual‐polarization passive L‐band microwave signal from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite to estimate water surface extent dynamics from 2010 to 2017. The results provide new insights into the poorly characterized wetlands, peatlands, and floodplains dynamics of the CRB. We found that the mean flooded area for the entire CRB is equal to 89,408 ± 20,623 km2 corresponding to 2.39% of the entire basin. The results were compared with three land cover maps (European Space Agency‐Climate Change Initiative [ESA‐CCI], International Geosphere‐Biosphere Programme [IGBP], and Global Surface Water Occurrence [GSWO]) and the SWAMPS global dynamic water surfaces product. More inland waters were detected than the four previous products, except along the rivers. Floods and droughts during the last 10 years were also depicted. The knowledge about the CRB hydrological behavior was improved by analyzing the date of maximum floods, the time lag in days between precipitation, water surface extent, and river water height at the outlet of the nine major Congo subbasin. A lag of 67 ± 3 days between rainfall and inundated areas was found in the Upper Congo (r = 0.89). In the Kasai subbasin, no time lag between rainfall and inundation was found (r = 0.86). The contribution of each floodplain to the Congo discharge was also evaluated. In the future, the fusion of the current surface waters with water heights from the SWOT mission can provide further information to the water volumes of the CRB floodplains.
Non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders have a Māori proto-lexicon
Authors: Oh Y. , Todd S. , Beckner C. , Hay J. , King J. , Needle J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigate implicit vocabulary learning by adults who are exposed to a language in their ambient environment. Most New Zealanders do not speak Māori, yet are exposed to it throughout their lifetime. We show that this exposure leads to a large proto-lexicon – implicit knowledge of the existence of words and sub-word units without any associated meaning. Despite not explicitly knowing many Māori words, non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders are able to access this proto-lexicon to distinguish Māori words from Māori-like nonwords. What's more, they are able to generalize over the proto-lexicon to generate sophisticated phonotactic knowledge, which lets them evaluate the well-formedness of Māori-like nonwords just as well as fluent Māori speakers.
Correlation of progesterone levels on the day of oocyte retrieval with basal hormonal status and the outcome of ART
Authors: Tulic L. , Tulic I. , Bila J. , Nikolic Lj , Dotlic J. , Lazarevic-Suntov M , Kalezic I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess whether basal hormonal levels can predict the levels of progesterone (P4) on the day of oocyte retrieval (OR) and examine the impact of P4 levels on the day of OR on the outcome of assisted reproduction. One hundred sixty-four patients that were enrolled in the assisted reproduction procedure were classified according to their P4 levels on the OR day (< 2 ng/ml vs. ≥ 2 ng/ml). Patients who had P4 levels < 2 ng/ml had significantly higher follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and significantly lower anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels. More than half of patients with P4 levels < 2 ng/ml on the OR day got pregnant and delivered healthy infants. There was a significant correlation between lower FSH values and higher P4 values at OR and between higher AMH values and higher P4 values on the day of OR. Regression analysis showed that high FSH levels are the most important factor that can reliably imply lower P4 levels on OR day. Our study confirmed that lower basal FSH levels can predict the levels of P4 on the OR day. Moreover, lower levels of P4 on the day of OR are associated with a positive outcome in assisted reproduction.
An ultra-high density SNP-based linkage map for enhancing the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) genome assembly to chromosome-scale
Authors: de los Ríos-Pérez Lidia , Nguinkal Julien A. , Verleih Marieke , Rebl Alexander , Brunner Ronald M. , Klosa Jan , Schäfer Nadine , Stüeken Marcus , Goldammer Tom , Wittenburg Dörte 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is a fish species with growing economic significance in the aquaculture industry. However, successful positioning of pikeperch in large-scale aquaculture requires advances in our understanding of its genome organization. In this study, an ultra-high density linkage map for pikeperch comprising 24 linkage groups and 1,023,625 single nucleotide polymorphisms markers was constructed after genotyping whole-genome sequencing data from 11 broodstock and 363 progeny, belonging to 6 full-sib families. The sex-specific linkage maps spanned a total of 2985.16 cM in females and 2540.47 cM in males with an average inter-marker distance of 0.0030 and 0.0026 cM, respectively. The sex-averaged map spanned a total of 2725.53 cM with an average inter-marker distance of 0.0028 cM. Furthermore, the sex-averaged map was used for improving the contiguity and accuracy of the current pikeperch genome assembly. Based on 723,360 markers, 706 contigs were anchored and oriented into 24 pseudomolecules, covering a total of 896.48 Mb and accounting for 99.47% of the assembled genome size. The overall contiguity of the assembly improved with a scaffold N50 length of 41.06 Mb. Finally, an updated annotation of protein-coding genes and repetitive elements of the enhanced genome assembly is provided at NCBI.
Scaffold-based 3D cellular models mimicking the heterogeneity of osteosarcoma stem cell niche
Authors: Bassi Giada , Panseri Silvia , Dozio Samuele Maria , Sandri Monica , Campodoni Elisabetta , Dapporto Massimiliano , Sprio Simone , Tampieri Anna , Montesi Monica 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe failure of the osteosarcoma conventional therapies leads to the growing need for novel therapeutic strategies. The lack of specificity for the Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) population has been recently identified as the main limitation in the current therapies. Moreover, the traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models, employed in the drug testing and screening as well as in the study of cell and molecular biology, are affected by a poor in vitro-in vivo translation ability. To overcome these limitations, this work provides two tumour engineering approaches as new tools to address osteosarcoma and improve therapy outcomes. In detail, two different hydroxyapatite-based bone-mimicking scaffolds were used to recapitulate aspects of the in vivo tumour microenvironment, focusing on CSCs niche. The biological performance of human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63 and SAOS-2) and enriched-CSCs were deeply analysed in these complex cell culture models. The results highlight the fundamental role of the tumour microenvironment proving the mimicry of osteosarcoma stem cell niche by the use of CSCs together with the biomimetic scaffolds, compared to conventional 2D culture systems. These advanced 3D cell culture in vitro tumour models could improve the predictivity of preclinical studies and strongly enhance the clinical translation.
RETRACTED: Research on dispersion compensation using avalanche photodiode and pin photodiode
Authors: Ma Yanxia , Chen Qinghui , Wang Shuyan , Sharma Shalini , Khanna Shaweta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the growing demand for usage among Internet users, inventions related to increase in the capacity and bandwidth of transmission channels are more significant nowadays. This continuously growing demand can be fulfilled by using the optical fibre for transmission of signals instead of the wireless mode of transmission, due to the less non‐linearity present in the optical fibre. As every available mode has its own shortcomings so does the optical fibre. It suffers from dispersion and other linearities when long‐distance transmission is considered. Hence, the field of invention is associated with the compensation of dispersion in optical fibre communication at higher bit rates of 50–80 Gbps for longer distances of 120 km. After their compensation, comparison of two photodiodes, that is, pin diode and avalanche photodiode has been done at these distinct bit rates in order to achieve the best suited photodiode. After the complete analysis of simulations in terms of quality factor and bit error rate, it has been observed that at distinct bit rates of 50–80 Gbps, the simulation model using avalanche photodiode exhibits superior performance to that of the pin diode. The comparison results show that the performance of the avalanche photodiode is around 11% better than the pin diode.
Calculation of AC resistance of single‐layer coils using boundary‐element method
Authors: Luo Yao , Theodoulidis Theodoros , Zhou Xinglong , Kyrgiazoglou Athanasios 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBoundary‐element method (BEM) is applied to the analysis of AC resistance of single‐layer coils. For simplification of the analysis, the coil windings are replaced by a system of parallel straight conductors. Applying the method of images and closed‐form solutions of off‐diagonal matrix elements, and exploiting the symmetry of submatrices, high computational efficiency can be achieved by the proposed approach. As a numerical method, it is suitable for solenoids or pancake coils evenly wound by round or rectangular wires, or other wire shapes with proper symmetry. The proposed method is verified by the numerical results compared with those of finite‐element method (FEM) and measurements, from which it is confirmed that the proposed approach has the same accuracy as the FEM, and the former is much faster and more memory efficient.