bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification and characterisation of livestock production systems in northern Tanzania
Authors: de Glanville W.A. , Davis A. , Allan K.J. , Buza J. , Claxton J.R. , Crump J.A. , Halliday J.E.B. , Johnson P.C.D. , Kibona T.J. , Mmbaga B.T. , Swai E.S. , Uzzell C. , Yoder J. , Sharp J. , Cleaveland S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLivestock keepers in sub-Saharan Africa face a growing range of pressures, including climate change, land loss, restrictive policies, and population increase. Widespread adaptation in response to such pressures can lead to the emergence of new, non-traditional typologies of livestock production.We sought to characterise livestock production systems in northern Tanzania, a region undergoing rapid social, economic, and environmental change. Questionnaire and spatial data were collected from 404 livestock-keeping households in 21 villages in Arusha and Manyara Regions in 2016. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to classify households into livestock production systems based on household-level characteristics. Indicators of vulnerability, including household-level reports of hunger, illness, livestock loss, land loss and crop losses were compared between production systems.Three distinct clusters emerged through this process. The ethnic, environmental and livestock management characteristics of households in each cluster broadly mapped onto traditional definitions of ‘pastoral’, ‘agro-pastoral’ and ‘smallholder’ livestock production in the region, suggesting that this quantitative classification system is complementary to more qualitative classification methods. Our findings also suggest that traditional systems of livestock production continue to persist in northern Tanzania. Nonetheless, we found indicators of substantial change within livestock production systems, most notably the adoption of crop agriculture in the majority of pastoral households. Smallholder households were less likely than either pastoral or agro-pastoral households to report hunger, illness, and livestock, land or crop losses.Livelihoods that rely solely on livestock are relatively rare in northern Tanzania, which represents an important shift in production in the region, particularly among pastoralists. Policy initiatives to improve household and community well-being should recognise the continuing distinctiveness of traditional livestock production systems in the region.
Characterization of transgenic mouse lines for selectively targeting glial cells in dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Rabah Yasmine , Rubino Bruna , Moukarzel Elsie , Agulhon Cendra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe importance of glial cells in the modulation of neuronal processes is now generally accepted. In particular, enormous progress in our understanding of astrocytes and microglia physiology in the central nervous system (CNS) has been made in recent years, due to the development of genetic and molecular toolkits. However, the roles of satellite glial cells (SGCs) and macrophages – the peripheral counterparts of astrocytes and microglia – remain poorly studied despite their involvement in debilitating conditions, such as pain. Here, we characterized in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), different genetically-modified mouse lines previously used for studying astrocytes and microglia, with the goal to implement them for investigating DRG SGC and macrophage functions. Although SGCs and astrocytes share some molecular properties, most tested transgenic lines were found to not be suitable for studying selectively a large number of SGCs within DRGs. Nevertheless, we identified and validated two mouse lines: (i) a CreERT2 recombinase-based mouse line allowing transgene expression almost exclusively in SGCs and in the vast majority of SGCs, and (ii) a GFP-expressing line allowing the selective visualization of macrophages. In conclusion, among the tools available for exploring astrocyte functions, a few can be used for studying selectively a great proportion of SGCs. Thus, efforts remain to be made to characterize other available mouse lines as well as to develop, rigorously characterize and validate new molecular tools to investigate the roles of DRG SGCs, but also macrophages, in health and disease.
Acute inhibition of centriolar satellite function and positioning reveals their functions at the primary cilium
Authors: Aydin Ozge Z. , Taflan Sevket Onur , Gurkaslar Can , Firat-Karalar Elif Nur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCentriolar satellites are dynamic, membrane-less granules composed of over 200 proteins. They store, modify, and traffic centrosome and primary cilium proteins, and help to regulate both the biogenesis and some functions of centrosomes and cilium. In most cell types, satellites cluster around the perinuclear centrosome, but their integrity and cellular distribution are dynamically remodeled in response to different stimuli, such as cell cycle cues. Dissecting the specific and temporal functions and mechanisms of satellites and how these are influenced by their cellular positioning and dynamics has been challenging using genetic approaches, particularly in ciliated and proliferating cells. To address this, we developed a chemical-based trafficking assay to rapidly and efficiently redistribute satellites to either the cell periphery or center, and fuse them into stable clusters in a temporally-controlled way. Induced satellite clustering at either the periphery or center resulted in antagonistic changes in the pericentrosomal levels of a subset of proteins, revealing a direct role for their positioning in protein targeting and sequestration. Systematic analysis of the interactome of peripheral satellite clusters revealed enrichment of proteins implicated in cilium biogenesis and mitosis. Importantly, inducible peripheral satellite targeting in ciliated cells revealed a function for satellites not just for efficient cilium assembly, but also in the maintenance of steady-state cilia and in cilia disassembly by regulating the structural integrity of the ciliary axoneme. Finally, although perturbing satellite distribution and dynamics inhibited their mitotic dissolution, it did not cause mitotic defects. Collectively, our results for the first time showed a direct link between satellite functions and their pericentrosomal clustering, and provided a new tool for probing temporal satellite functions in different contexts.
EphrinB1 modulates glutamatergic inputs into POMC neurons and controls glucose homeostasis
Authors: Gervais Manon , Picard Alexandre , Thorens Bernard , Croizier Sophie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are major regulators of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. In addition to being regulated by hormones and nutrients, POMC neurons are controlled by glutamatergic input originating from multiple brain regions. However, the factors involved in the formation of glutamatergic inputs and how they contribute to bodily functions remain largely unknown. Here, we show that during the development of glutamatergic inputs, POMC neurons exhibit enriched expression of theEfnb1(EphrinB1) andEfnb2(EphrinB2) genes, which are known to control excitatory synapse formation.In vitrosilencing andin vivoloss ofEfnb1orEfnb2in POMC neurons decreases the amount of glutamatergic inputs into these neurons. We found that mice lackingEfnb1in POMC neurons display impaired glucose tolerance due to blunted vagus nerve activity and decreased insulin secretion. However, mice lackingEfnb2in POMC neurons showed no deregulation of insulin secretion and only mild alterations in feeding behavior and gluconeogenesis. Collectively, our data demonstrate the role of ephrins in controlling excitatory input amount into POMC neurons and show an isotype-specific role of ephrins on the regulation of glucose homeostasis and feeding.
Transcriptional control of apical protein clustering drivesde novocell polarity establishment in the early mouse embryo
Authors: Zhu Meng , Wang Peizhe , Handford Charlotte E. , Na Jie , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe establishment of cell polarityde novoin the early mammalian embryo triggers the transition from totipotency to differentiation to generate embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the timing of cell polarity establishment remain unknown. Here, we identify stage-dependent transcription of Tfap2c and Tead4 as well as Rho GTPase signaling as key for the onset of cell polarization. Importantly, advancing their activity can induce precocious cell polarization and ectopic lineage differentiation in a cell-autonomous manner. Moreover, we show that the asymmetric clustering of apical proteins, regulated by Tfap2c-Tead4, and not actomyosin flow, mediates apical protein polarization. These findings identify the long-sought mechanism for the onset of polarization and the first lineage segregation in the mouse embryo.
Escargotis involved in labial and antennal imaginal disc development through two different developmental pathways
Authors: Rosales-Bravo Fernando , Sánchez-Díaz Iván , Reynaud Enrique , Narváez-Padilla Verónica 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn insects, imaginal discs form the adult structures. Imaginal discs are formed by two epithelial layers, the lower disc proper columnar epithelium and the upper peripodial squamous epithelium (also known as peripodial membrane). During morphogenesis and metamorphosis there is a complex crosstalk between these two epithelia that defines the final size and form of the adult organs. In this work we found that in the antennal disc, the dosage of the transcriptional factor Escargot (Esg) regulates the extension of the peripodial epithelium. A reduction in Esg expands the peripodial domain at the expense of the antennal disc proper causing a distortion of the anteroposterior compartments resulting in malformations or duplications of antennae and maxillary palps. In the labial disc, a different morphogenetic pathway controls its development, and loss ofesgproduces a complete loss of the proboscis through a pathway that involvesdpp.Summary statementThe geneescargotregulates proboscis, maxillary palps and antennae development inDrosophila melanogasterthrough two different developmental pathways: one involving cell adhesion proteinDE-cadherin and another through the signaling molecule decapentaplegic.
Odd-skippedcontrols neurite morphology and affect cell survival inDrosophila Melanogaster CNS
Authors: Lynn Yeoh Sue , Letzel Alina , Somerfield Clemence Bernard Hannah , Kyser Kyle , Lin Emily , Roper Amanda , Yuan Yucen , Saunders Chloe , Farag Mina , Colourous Samual , Larsen Camilla W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe transcription factorOdd-skippedhas been implicated in many developmental processes inDrosophila melanogaster.Odd-skippedis expressed in a small cluster of neurons (Slater, Levy et al.) in the developing and adult CNS but its role in neurogenesis has so far not been addressed. Here we show thatOdd-skippedplays a pivotal role in neurite growth and arborization during development. Loss-of-Odd-skippedfunction prevents neurite outgrowth whereas over and miss-expression causes neurite growth and arborization defects. In addition, miss-expression ofOdd-skippedcan induce cell death in some neural sub types. The neurite growth and arborization defects associated withOdd-skippedover expression correlates with a reduction in the pre-synaptically targeted protein Bruchpilot in axonal arbours suggesting an overall decrease in Odd neural synapse formation. This is supported by behavioural data showing that larvae in whichOdd-skippedis overexpressed behave similarly to larvae in which Odd neurons are silenced showing that increasingOdd-skippedprotein levels affect neural function. Finally, we demonstrate that using RNAi againstOdd-skippeddoes not knock downOdd-skippedprotein but instead cause an increase in protein levels compared to control larvae. This data demonstrates that RNAi can cause up-regulation of protein levels highlighting the importance of verifying protein levels when using RNAi approaches for knock-down.
Modified multiport Luo converter integrated with renewable energy sources for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Kamaraj Vibha , Nallaperumal Chellammal 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Growing concerns about the depletion of fossil fuels and global awareness about the environmental pollution motivate the automobile industries to search for an alternative transportation system such as hybrid vehicular systems, plug-in hybrid vehicular systems and electric vehicular systems. To have carbon emission-free environment, these electric vehicles use renewable sources, such as solar and fuel cell, as primary source of supply. As these renewable sources are intermittent in nature, an energy buffer such as battery or super capacitor is required for the smooth supply and regulation of load power. The current electric vehicle systems use multistage power electronic converters for energy transfer. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a modified multiport converter based on Luo topology.

Design/methodology/approach
The suggested converter is developed based on Luo topology using voltage lift technique.

Findings
Most of the research presents buck boost converter as power electronic interface in electric vehicle applications. Whereas the converter proposed in this paper is based on Luo topology. It exhibits the features of single stage conversion between the input output ports, with less ripple, high efficiency, fewer components and centralized control for effective power management.

Originality/value
The presented converter can work in all possible modes such as buck and boost modes independently or simultaneously during various operating conditions of electric vehicles. During buck/boost mode, the primary source PV (Photovoltaic) in the converter provides the required power for the vehicle and charges the secondary source, i.e. battery, whereas during boost mode the battery supplies the sufficient power to load.
Augmenting training–learning experience by design: a conceptual framework
Authors: Shree Sonal 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of designing training sessions on the basis of a dramatic structure and inclusion of contextual narrative for facilitating transfer of learning. The role of stimulating curiosity in this process has also been scanned under the lens of neurobiological insights.Design/methodology/approachThe paper theoretically develops a framework through an integrative literature review to examine the prospect of enhanced learner engagement through structure, narrative and some interdisciplinary theories, namely, the gap theory of curiosity and the peak end theory.FindingsA contextual story-based training method designed on the basis of a dramatic plot structure can leverage on the learners’ emotions for engaging learning sessions and retention of content. Such design offers potential to improvise and strengthen the overall training module design and delivery mechanism. The outcome is seen through enhanced peak moments of curiosity and satisfaction, thus enriching the overall training–learning process.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is theory based and non-empirical which does not give it a ground to make generalised statements and conclusions. This factor, however, paves the way for future research in the allied areas such as empirical testing of the framework by identifying and testing the variables and other contextual and causal factors.Practical implicationsThe suggested framework has practical implications for Learning and Development managers as well as academies. The conceptual framework provided in this work can lend some unique insights towards strengthening the training–learning process.Originality/valueAlthough the concept of using stories for training is not new, this study contributes by proposing a new theoretical framework that examines together the elements of sound dramatic structure and a story-based training method. Such a design, conceived by taking into account an understanding of the working mind, can influence the overall experience of achieving positive training–learning results.
Environmental social work
Authors: Rambaree Komalsingh 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Environmental social work (ESW) is an approach and a perspective in social work focusing on ecological and environmental sustainability and justice within the context of sustainable development (SD). This study aims to analyse students’ reflective tasks on challenges for ESW education and practice from a critical theory perspective. The purpose of this study is to discuss the implications of the findings for accelerating the implementation of SD in social work curricula.

Design/methodology/approach
The research participants comprised 49 master level students from four different cohorts studying the course “Social Work and Sustainable Development” at the University of Gävle, Sweden. The sample comprised only those students who had completed at least one of the three non-mandatory reflective tasks that were set within the course. The reflective tasks of the research participants were gathered as data for this study. A qualitative methodological approach with the help of ATLAS-ti V8.4 was used to analyse the gathered data.

Findings
This study discusses three primary results, which are categorised as “Being Boxed”, “Safe and Saviour Sweden” and “Politics and Power”. Based on the results, this study argues for a transformative and emancipatory pedagogy (TEP) in the teaching and learning of ESW to accelerate the implementation of holistic SD within the social work curriculum.

Research limitations/implications
This study is mainly based on the analysis of “problematic” discourses of some of the students. The majority of the students and their respective discourses are not considered. Moreover, it would have been interesting, and probably enlightening to explore the background of the students (such as gender, ethnicity and religion) and any concomitant beliefs or prejudices (whether consciously held or otherwise) that would need to be addressed for an effective social work outcome. For ethical reasons, the background of the students was not recorded and analysed in this study.

Practical implications
Based on the results, this study argues for TEP in catalysing environmentalism within the social work curricula.

Social implications
Social workers have a political mandate from their professional ethics to work for the protection of the planet and for the well-being of all – including non-humans. This study therefore argues for ESW education within social work curricula in promoting SD through social work practice.

Originality/value
Within the context of SD, there is a global call for social work education to shift from an anthropocentric to an eco-centric paradigm. However, ESW education is still in its infancy stage and very few universities are focusing in this particular area. This study therefore brings an important and well-needed layer of empirical evidence in considering the implications for catalysing environmentalism within the social work curricula.
Local versus global food consumption: the role of brand authenticity
Authors: Riefler Petra 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims at investigating the contemporary trend toward regional consumption from the perspective of consumers’ search for brand authenticity. In particular, the paper joins literature on brand authenticity from the marketing literature and literature on the local food movement to investigate consumers’ response to authenticity claims in the competition of local and global food brands.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper engages in a series of three experimental studies; one of which uses a Becker–DeGroot–Marschak lottery to assess individuals’ willingness to pay for authenticity claims of (non)global brands.

Findings
Findings show that authenticity perceptions lead to higher brand value independent of brand globalness; while global brands can mitigate competitive disadvantages in localized consumer markets by actively authenticating their brand image.

Originality/value
This paper reveals the usefulness of authentic brand positioning for global beverage brands when competing with local beverage brands to overcome the liability of globalness. To sustainably benefit from the local food movement, local brands thus will require to build up brand images beyond associations of mere authenticity.
Mobile and stationary eye tracking comparison – package design and in-store results
Authors: Pentus Kristian , Ploom Kerli , Mehine Tanel , Koiv Madli , Tempel Age , Kuusik Andres 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to test the similarity of the results of on-screen eye tracking compared to mobile eye tracking in the context of first fixation location on stimuli.

Design/methodology/approach
Three studies were conducted altogether with 117 participants, where the authors compared both methods: stationary eye tracking (Tobii Pro X2-60) and mobile eye tracking (Tobii Pro Glasses 2).

Findings
The studies revealed that the reported average first fixation locations from stationary and mobile eye tracking are different. Stationary eye tracking is more affected by a centre fixation bias. Based on the research, it can be concluded that stationary eye tracking is not always suitable for studying consumer perception and behaviour because of the centre viewing bias.

Research limitations/implications
When interpreting the results, researchers should take into account that stationary eye tracking results are affected by a centre fixation bias. Previous stationary eye tracking research should be interpreted with the centre fixation bias in mind. Some of this previous work should be retested using mobile eye tracking. If possible small-scale pilot studies should be included in papers to show that the more appropriate method, less affected by attention biases, was chosen.

Practical implications
Managers should trust research where the ability of package design to attract attention on a shelf is tested using mobile eye tracking. The authors suggest using mobile eye tracking to optimise store shelf planograms, point-of-purchase materials, and shelf layouts. In package design, interpretations of research using stationary eye tracking should consider its centre fixation bias. Managers should also be cautious when interpreting previous stationary eye tracking research (both applied and scientific), knowing that stationary eye tracking is more prone to a centre fixation bias.

Originality/value
While eye tracking research has become more and more popular as a marketing research method, the limitations of the method have not been fully understood by the field. This paper shows that the chosen eye tracking method can influence the results. No such comparative paper about mobile and stationary eye tracking research has been done in the marketing field.