bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Plant Parts of Rauwolfia Vomitoria
Authors: Emencheta Stephen Chijioke , Enweani Bessie Ifeoma , Oli Angus Nnamdi , Ibezim Emmanuel Chinedum , Imanyikwa Ijeoma Eucharia Olaedo 
Published: November 2020

Aims: This study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activities of fractions of Rauwolfia vomitoria against some isolates including; Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Microsporon canis, and Trichophyton rubrum.
Methodology: Primary extraction was done on the dried and pulverized plant samples (leaves, barks, and root) using methanol, after which the crude extracts was fractionated using butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane respectively. The samples were duly labelled according to the plant parts and solvents used. Agar diffusion and dilution methods on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) where used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) respectively. The percentage inhibition diameter growth (PIDG) of the extracts and fractions were also determined.
Results: From the results, eleven (11) samples showed inhibitory activity on one or more of the test isolates. Extended spectrum activity was observed with five (5) of the samples, including; RVL ethyl acetate, RVL n-hexane, RVB crude, RVR crude, and RVR ethyl acetate against S. typhi, E. coli, and M. canis. Antifungal activity was observed only against M. canis. The ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves (RVLE) and crude methanol extract of the bark (RVBC) gave the least MIC both against M. canis at a concentration of 25 mg/ml, while the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves (RVLE) at 12.5 mg/ml also against M. canis gave the least MBC/MFC. Using the inhibition zone diameters (IZD), the obtained PIDG showed apparently that the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves (RVL ethyl acetate) was the most active against S. typhi (28.57%) and E. coli (20%).
Conclusion: The study lends support to the traditional use of the plant especially in treating gastro intestinal tract and skin infections.
Conservation and people: Towards an ethical code of conduct for the use of camera traps in wildlife research
Authors: Sharma Koustubh , Fiechter Matthias , George Todd , Young Juliette , Alexander Justine Shanti , Bijoor Ajay , Suryawanshi Kulbhushansingh , Mishra Charudutt 
Published: November 2020

Abstract1. Camera trapping is a widely employed tool in wildlife research, used to estimate animal abundances, understand animal movement, assess species richness and understand animal behaviour. In addition to images of wild animals, research cameras often record human images, inadvertently capturing behaviours ranging from innocuous actions to potentially serious crimes.2. With the increasing use of camera traps, there is an urgent need to reflect on how researchers should deal with human images caught on cameras. On the one hand, it is important to respect the privacy of individuals caught on cameras, while, on the other hand, there is a larger public duty to report illegal activity. This creates ethical dilemmas for researchers.3. Here, based on our camera‐trap research on snow leopards Panthera uncia, we outline a general code of conduct to help improve the practice of camera trap based research and help researchers better navigate the ethical‐legal tightrope of this important research tool.
SUCLA2 Arg407Trp mutation can cause a nonprogressive movement disorder – deafness syndrome
Authors: Alkhater Reem A. , Ahonen Saija , Minassian Berge A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSUCLA2 is a component of mitochondrial succinate‐CoA ligase and nucleotide diphosphokinase activities. Its absence results in Krebs cycle failure, mitochondrial DNA depletion, and a childhood‐fatal encephalomyopathy. We describe a purely neurologic allelic form of the disease consisting of deafness, putamenal hyperintensity on MRI and a myoclonic‐dystonic movement disorder unchanging from childhood into, so far, the late fourth decade. We show that succinate supplementation circumvents the Krebs cycle block, but does not correct the neurologic disease. Our patients’ Arg407Trp mutation has been reported in children with (yet) no MRI abnormalities. It remains possible that early succinate supplementation could impact the disease.
Synthesis of MoSe2/CoSe2 Nanosheets for NIR‐Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy via Synergistic In‐Situ H2O2 Production and Activation
Authors: Li Yang , Jia Ran , Lin Huiming , Sun Xilin , Qu Fengyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrently, the limited intratumoral H2O2 level restricts the development of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Herein, MoSe2/CoSe2@PEG nanosheets are prepared to reveal NIR‐photocatalytic H2O2 generation to insure the intracellular H2O2 supplement. The formation mechanism is investigated, showing the dissolved O2 and photo‐excited electrons to determine H2O2 production via sequential single‐electron transfer process. The experimental data and density functional theory calculation further display their typical‐II heterostructure, which possesses the effective charge separation and nearly four times H2O2 generation than MoSe2@PEG. In addition, the nanocomposites also reveal the peroxidase/catalase activity, making the in‐situ H2O2 activation and ·OH generation. And, the O2 production derived from catalase‐mimic activity not only relieves hypoxia but also offers the source for H2O2 production. Because of the decreased resistance for charge transfer, MoSe2/CoSe2@PEGs also reveal more than three times enzyme‐activity for MoSe2@PEG. With the narrow band gap and high NIR‐harvest, MoSe2/CoSe2@PEG exhibits the great photothermal converting ability (62.5%). MoSe2/CoSe2@PEG reveals the novel biodegradation, and most of them can be eliminated via urine and feces within 2 weeks. Here, the computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging/photothermal imaging and the synergistic photothermal therapy/CDT treatments further make sure potential application on anticancer.
Bias‐Free Solar Water Splitting by Tetragonal Zircon BiVO4 Nanocrystal Photocathode and Monoclinic Scheelite BiVO4 Nanoporous Photoanode
Authors: Liang Xizhuang , Wang Peng , Tong Fengxia , Liu Xiaolei , Wang Cong , Wang Minrui , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Zeyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zheng Zhaoke , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstractp‐type tetragonal zircon BiVO4 nanocrystal photocathodes (P‐BVO) and n‐type monoclinic scheelite BiVO4 nanoporous photoanodes (N‐BVO) are prepared by a hydrothermal method and an electrochemical synthesis method, respectively. Pt nanoparticles and cobalt‐phosphate (Co‐Pi) as co‐catalysts are loaded by an electrodeposition way to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of BiVO4 (BVO) electrodes. After modification, a monochromatic incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of P‐BVO/Pt at 360 nm is improved by 2.2 times, and the highest IPCE of N‐BVO/Co‐Pi at 440 nm is increased by 1.7 times. The calculated electron‐hole separation yield and the charge carrier injection yield of N‐BVO/Co‐Pi at 1.23 VRHE are further improved to 80% and 86%, respectively. The surface modification also results in the latest ≈0.2% half‐cell solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion efficiency (HC‐STH) for a P‐BVO/Pt photocathode and a higher ≈1.16% half‐cell applied bias photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (ABPE) for an N‐BVO/Co‐Pi photoanode. Furthermore, the prepared photoelectrodes are proved to have excellent stability for water splitting. Above all, a tandem‐type PEC cell containing the newly developed P‐BVO/Pt photocathode and an N‐BVO/Co‐Pi photoanode is built for the first time, which evolves H2 and O2 at a stoichiometric ratio of 2:1 with a bias‐free STH of 0.14%.
Direct Observation of Photoinduced Ion Migration in Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Ievlev Anton V. , Borodinov Nikolay , Lorenz Matthias , Xiao Kai , Ahmadi Mahshid , Hu Bin , Kalinin Sergei V. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnique optoelectronic, electronic, and sensing properties of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are underpinned by the complex interactions between electronic and ionic states. Here, the photoinduced field ion migration in HOIPs is directly observed. Using newly developed local probe time‐resolved techniques, more significant CH3NH3+ migration than I−/Br− migration in HOIPs is unveiled. It is found that light illumination only induces CH3NH3+ migration but not I−/Br− migration. By directly observing temporal changes in bias‐induced and photoinduced ion migration in device conditions, it is revealed that light illumination suppresses the bias‐induced ion redistribution in the lateral device. These findings, being a necessary compensation of previous understandings of ion migration in HOIPs based on simulations and static and/or indirect measurements, offer advanced insights into the distinct light effects on the migration of organic cation and halides in HOIPs, which are expected to be helpful for improving the performance and the long‐term stability of HOIPs optoelectronics.
Recent Progress in the Synergistic Combination of Nanoparticle‐Mediated Hyperthermia and Immunotherapy for Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Stephen Zachary R. , Zhang Miqin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy has demonstrated great clinical success in certain cancers, driven primarily by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell therapies. Immunotherapy can elicit strong, durable responses in some patients, but others do not respond, and to date immunotherapy has demonstrated success in only a limited number of cancers. To address this limitation, combinatorial approaches with chemo‐ and radiotherapy have been applied in the clinic. Extensive preclinical evidence suggests that hyperthermia therapy (HT) has considerable potential to augment immunotherapy with minimal toxicity. This progress report will provide a brief overview of immunotherapy and HT approaches and highlight recent progress in the application of nanoparticle (NP)‐based HT in combination with immunotherapy. NPs allow for tumor‐specific targeting of deep tissue tumors while potentially providing more even heating. NP‐based HT increases tumor immunogenicity and tumor permeability, which improves immune cell infiltration and creates an environment more responsive to immunotherapy, particularly in solid tumors.
Mutually Reinforced Polymer–Graphene Bilayer Membranes for Energy‐Efficient Acoustic Transduction
Authors: Khan Assad U. , Zeltzer Gabriel , Speyer Gavriel , Croft Zacary L. , Guo Yichen , Nagar Yehiel , Artel Vlada , Levi Adi , Stern Chen , Naveh Doron , Liu Guoliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGraphene holds promise for thin, ultralightweight, and high‐performance nanoelectromechanical transducers. However, graphene‐only devices are limited in size due to fatigue and fracture of suspended graphene membranes. Here, a lightweight, flexible, transparent, and conductive bilayer composite of polyetherimide and single‐layer graphene is prepared and suspended on the centimeter scale with an unprecedentedly high aspect ratio of 105. The coupling of the two components leads to mutual reinforcement and creates an ultrastrong membrane that supports 30 000 times its own weight. Upon electromechanical actuation, the membrane pushes a massive amount of air and generates high‐quality acoustic sound. The energy efficiency is ≈10–100 times better than state‐of‐the‐art electrodynamic speakers. The bilayer membrane's combined properties of electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, optical transparency, thermal stability, and chemical resistance will promote applications in electronics, mechanics, and optics.
Mg‐Doped VO2@ZrO2 Core−Shell Nanoflakes for Thermochromic Smart Windows with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Wen Zuohao , Ke Yujie , Feng Chengchen , Fang Shuliang , Sun Miuyang , Liu Xinghai , Long Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe VO2‐based smart windows can dynamically and reversibly adjust the indoor solar irradiation to reduce the energy consumption for building glasses. This paper reports the first successful preparation of Mg‐doped VO2@ZrO2 core−shell nanocrystals with promoted thermochromic performance as well as tunable appearance and wettability. The achieved combination of Tlum of 52.4% and ∆Tsol of 7.1% is comparable to the best‐reported results of VO2‐based core−shell rod structures. The thickness of ZrO2 shell is tunable between 3 and 14 nm, resulting in a slightly hydrophobic surface and a slight color change toward blue‐green and brighter produced films. The preparation method based on hydrothermal and UV‐curing methods is facile. This work may inspire future development of VO2 synthesis, their structure−property, and the application the thermochromic films for energy‐saving purposes in buildings or automobiles.
Pseudo‐Waveform‐Selective Metasurfaces and their Limited Performance
Authors: Nakasha Tomoyuki , Phang Sendy , Wakatsuchi Hiroki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, metasurfaces composed of lumped circuit components, including nonlinear Schottky diodes, have been reported to be capable of sensing particular electromagnetic waves even at the same frequency depending on their waveforms, or more specifically, their pulse widths. In this study, analogous waveform‐selective phenomena using only linear circuits and linear media are reported. Although such linear metasurfaces are analytically and numerically demonstrated to exhibit variable absorption performance, it cannot strictly be categorized as waveform‐selective absorption. It is due to the fact that the waveform‐selective responses in the linear metasurfaces originated from the dispersion behaviors of the structures rather than the frequency conversion seen in nonlinear waveform‐selective metasurfaces. These linear structures are thus referred to as pseudo‐waveform‐selective metasurfaces. Additionally, it is shown that the pseudo‐waveform‐selective metasurfaces have limited performance unless nonlinearity is introduced. These results and findings confirm the advantages of nonlinear waveform‐selective metasurfaces, which can be exploited to provide an additional degree of freedom to address existing electromagnetic problems/challenges involving even waves at the same frequency.
Interface Engineering of Co‐LDH@MOF Heterojunction in Highly Stable and Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Zhenxing , Zhang Xin , Kang Yikun , Yu Cheng Cheng , Wen Yangyang , Hu Mingliang , Meng Dong , Song Weiyu , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen is considered one of the most promising approaches to generate clean and sustainable energy. However, the low efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) acts as a bottleneck in the water splitting process. Herein, interface engineering heterojunctions between ZIF‐67 and layered double hydroxide (LDH) are designed to enhance the catalytic activity of the OER and the stability of Co‐LDH. The interface is built by the oxygen (O) of Co‐LDH and nitrogen (N) of the 2‐methylimidazole ligand in ZIF‐67, which modulates the local electronic structure of the catalytic active site. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the interfacial interaction can enhance the strength of the CoOout bond in Co‐LDH, which makes it easier to break the H‐Oout bond and results in a lower free energy change in the potential‐determining step at the heterointerface in the OER process. Therefore, the Co‐LDH@ZIF‐67 exhibits superior OER activity with a low overpotential of 187 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and long‐term electrochemical stability for more than 50 h. This finding provides a design direction for improving the catalytic activity of OER.
A Simple Approach for Unraveling Optoelectronic Processes in Organic Solar Cells under Short‐Circuit Conditions
Authors: Schopp Nora , Brus Viktor V. , Lee Jaewon , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe short‐circuit current (Jsc) of organic solar cells is defined by the interplay of exciton photogeneration in the active layer, geminate and non‐geminate recombination losses and free charge carrier extraction. The method proposed in this work allows the quantification of geminate recombination and the determination of the mobility‐lifetime product (µτ) as a single integrated parameter for charge transport and non‐geminate recombination. Furthermore, the extraction efficiency is quantified based on the obtained µτ product. Only readily available experimental methods (current‐voltage characteristics, external quantum efficiency measurements) are employed, which are coupled with an optical transfer matrix method simulation. The required optical properties of common organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials are provided in this work. The new approach is applied to three OPV systems in inverted or conventional device structures, and the results are juxtaposed against the µτ values obtained by an independent method based on the voltage–capacitance spectroscopy technique. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the new method can accurately predict the optimal active layer thickness.
Developing functional relationships between temperature and cover crop species vegetative growth and development
Authors: Munyon Jay W. , Bheemanahalli Raju , Walne Charles Hunt , Reddy K. Raja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCover crops planted in the offseason are subjected to uncontrollable weather variables that limit agro‐ecological services through modifications in growth and development. The growth of five cover crop species was investigated in response to an array of day/night temperatures, 17/9, 22/14, 27/19, 32/24, and 37/29 °C. Shoot and root parameters were measured 33 d after planting. Quadratic functions best described most of the root and shoot dynamics in response to increasing temperatures except for a linear response of plant height in crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and mustard (Brassica juncea). Temperature minimum (Tmin), maximum (Tmax), and optimum (Topt) for shoot traits varied from 9.8 to 10.6, 37.5 to 43.2, and 23.9 to 26.5 °C, respectively. The Tmin for root traits varied significantly, ranging from 8.5 to 10.8 °C. Topt and Tmax ranged from 22 to 25.7 and 35.2 to 40.6 °C, respectively. On average, the Topt for root traits was significantly lower than shoot traits in four of five species. Regardless of temperatures, cover crop species recorded higher biomass partitioning to shoot (62%) than to root, with a maximum proportion of biomass partitioned to shoot in crimson clover and Mighty Mustard Pacific Gold (80%) than other species (64–70%). The results of this study will help growers choose mixes of cover crops with the same temperature range to plant in the same climatic conditions during fallow periods. The cardinal temperatures and functional algorithms for growth and developmental traits could be used to develop models for cover crops under different temperature conditions.
Rhizobacterial communities, enzyme activity, and soil properties affect rice seedling's nitrogen use
Authors: Dong Hangyu , Sun Haoyuan , Fan Shuxiu , Jiang Linlin , Ma Dianrong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms are crucial in mediating N cycles in soil and produce impact on the health and nutrition of the host plant. The seedling stage is one of the most critical periods of crop growth and development. However, the information regarding the underlying interactions between soil microbial community, soil nutrient, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass, and whether they associate with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of N at the rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling stage are still limited. We applied 16S ribosomal RNA gene profiling to characterize root bacterial microbiota of rice varieties with different levels of NUE at the seedling stage. We find that high nitrogen use efficiency varieties (HNUEs) and low nitrogen use efficiency varieties (LNUEs) recruit distinct root microbiota. Notably, HNUEs‐enriched bacterial taxa are more diverse, and contain more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with N metabolism functions, than LNUEs‐enriched taxa. We provide evidence that the content of available N and the microbial biomass of HNUEs' rhizospheric soil are higher than those of LNUEs. Through redundancy analysis (RDA), we found that Deltaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidia, and Saccharimonadia with the potential function of the beneficial microorganism to seedling N use and growth. The links between rice seedling and soil microbiota membership combine with other essential factors established in this study could contribute to improving N use at the crop seedling stage to promote the resistance and survival rate after transplanting.
A research impact model for work and health
Authors: Van Eerd Dwayne , Moser Cindy , Saunders Ron 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch organizations, governments and funding agencies are increasingly interested in the impact of research beyond academia. While a growing literature describes research impacts in healthcare and health services, little has focused on occupational health and safety research. This article describes a research impact model that has been in use for over a decade. The model was developed to track and describe the impact of research conducted by a mid‐sized institute that focuses on work and health. Model development was informed by existing models, with the goal of contextualizing the institute's case studies describing three types of research impact: evidence of the diffusion of research; evidence of research informing decision‐making; and evidence of societal impact. A logic model describes research actions and outcomes, as well as key audiences and knowledge transfer approaches. A unique element is its indication of the level of difficulty in determining types of impact. The model compares well with current research impact models developed or used in healthcare and health services research, and it has been useful in guiding a mid‐sized research organization's process for tracking and describing the impact of its research. It may be useful to other small and mid‐sized research organizations that focus on workplace health and safety.