bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient separation of linear and branched C4 isomers with a tailor‐made metal–organic framework
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqiang , Tan Bin , Wang Pengcheng , Cui Xili , Xing Huabin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSeparation of linear and branched isomers is of great commercial significance but still one of the energy‐intensive and challenging processes in petrochemical industry. Here, we for the first time report a tailor‐made metal–organic framework, ZU‐36‐Co (also termed GeFSIX‐3‐Co, GeFSIX = GeF62−, 3 = pyrazine), for the separation of both C4 linear/branched olefins (n−/iso‐C4H8) and paraffin isomers (n−/iso‐C4H10). With the pore size ranged between 3.82–5.25 Å, ZU‐36‐Co traps a large amount of n‐C4H8 (2.35 mmol/g) and n‐C4H10 (2.20 mmol/g) with iso‐C4H8 and iso‐C4H10 excluded. The molecular exclusion effect illustrates the significance of tailor‐made pore window size for gas separation. To our knowledge, ZU‐36‐Co exhibits the highest n−/iso‐C4H8 uptake ratio (13.8) and superior n−/iso‐C4H10 separation performance compared with the state‐of‐the‐art materials and sets a benchmark for the separation of linear and branched C4 isomers. This excellent molecular exclusion effect of ZU‐36‐Co was further confirmed by mixed gas breakthrough tests.
Correlation of NOD2 genotypes with Helicobacter pylori infection in a South‐European country
Authors: de Almeida Nuno Miguel , Fernandes Alexandra , Romãozinho José Manuel , Freire Paulo , Donato Maria M. , Cardoso Olga , Luxo Cristina , Cipriano Maria Augusta , Marinho Carol , Calhau Carlos , Figueiredo Pedro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOutcome of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a specific individual is unpredictable and results from interaction of multiple variables, including host genetic factors. This study aimed to investigate if NOD2 mutations increased the risk of H. pylori infection and if it has any relationship with bacterial genotype or gastric histopathological modifications. This prospective study involved 86 patients (54 females; mean age, 48.7 ± 13.6 years) with positive 13C‐urea breath test (UBT) and a sex and age‐matched control group of 266 individuals, 64 of them with negative UBT. The three main NOD2 mutations (L1007fsinsC, R702W, and G908R) were obtained for all patients and controls. Fifty‐one infected patients were submitted to endoscopy with gastric biopsies. H. pylori was isolated, and genotypes were determined by PCR. Histopathological features were graded according to the updated Sydney system. Overall, NOD2 mutations were found in 14 patients (16.3%) and in 31 controls (11.7%) (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 0.78‐2.50; P = .264). Genotype frequencies for L1007fsinsC (1.2% vs 0.8%), R702W (11.6% vs 7.6%) and G908R (5.8% vs 3.4%) were not statistically different between the two groups. A significant positive association was observed between NOD2 polymorphisms and peptic ulcer but only in univariate analysis. There were no other correlations with clinical variables, gastric histological patterns and H. pylori genotypes. NOD2 mutations are not associated with increased prevalence of H. pylori infection or more severe gastric histopathological modifications induced by this bacterium. However, such host polymorphisms could influence clinical manifestations.
Genetically Elevated LDL Associates with Lower Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Falcone Guido J. , Kirsch Elayna , Acosta Julian N. , Noche Rommell B. , Leasure Audrey , Marini Sandro , Chung Jaeyoon , Selim Magdy , Meschia James F. , Brown Devin L. , Worrall Bradford B. , Tirschwell David L. , Jagiella Jeremiasz M. , Schmidt Helena , Jimenez‐Conde Jordi , Fernandez‐Cadenas Israel , Lindgren Arne , Slowik Agnieszka , Gill Dipender , Holmes Michael , Phuah Chia‐Ling , Petersen Nils H. , Matouk, MD Charles N. , Gunel Murat , Sansing Lauren , Bennett Derrick , Chen Zhengming , Sun Luan L. , Clarke Robert , Walters Robin G. , Gill Thomas M. , Biffi Alessandro , Kathiresan Sekar , Langefeld Carl D. , Woo Daniel , Rosand Jonathan , Sheth Kevin N. , Anderson Christopher D. ,   For the International Stroke Genetics Consortium
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveObservational studies point to an inverse correlation between low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but it remains unclear whether this association is causal. We tested the hypothesis that genetically elevated LDL is associated with reduced risk of ICH.MethodsWe constructed one polygenic risk score (PRS) per lipid trait (total cholesterol, LDL, high‐density lipoprotein [HDL], and triglycerides) using independent genomewide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each trait. We used data from 316,428 individuals enrolled in the UK Biobank to estimate the effect of each PRS on its corresponding trait, and data from 1,286 ICH cases and 1,261 matched controls to estimate the effect of each PRS on ICH risk. We used these estimates to conduct Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses.ResultsWe identified 410, 339, 393, and 317 lipid‐related SNPs for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, respectively. All four PRSs were strongly associated with their corresponding trait (all p < 1.00 × 10‐100). While one SD increase in the PRSs for total cholesterol (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85–0.99; p = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81–0.95; p = 0.002) were inversely associated with ICH risk, no significant associations were found for HDL and triglycerides (both p > 0.05). MR analyses indicated that 1mmol/L (38.67mg/dL) increase of genetically instrumented total and LDL cholesterol were associated with 23% (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.65–0.98; p = 0.03) and 41% lower risks of ICH (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.42–0.82; p = 0.002), respectively.InterpretationGenetically elevated LDL levels were associated with lower risk of ICH, providing support for a potential causal role of LDL cholesterol in ICH. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:56–66
Chemoselective N−H insertion catalyzed by a de novo carbene transferase
Authors: Stenner Richard , Anderson John Leslie Ross 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ability to perform organic reactions with chemoselectivity is of critical importance in synthesis. Recently, we reported that a de novo carbene transferase, a tetra‐α‐helical c‐type heme‐containing protein, C45, is proficient at N−H insertion reactions, proceeding via the intermolecular transfer of a metallocarbenoid intermediate into the N−H σ‐bond to form a new N−C σ‐bond. Here we demonstrate that C45 can also catalyse N−H insertion reactions chemoselectively, even when the substrate contains an unprotected hydroxyl group.
Emerging role of deep learning‐based artificial intelligence in tumor pathology
Authors: Jiang Yahui , Yang Meng , Wang Shuhao , Li Xiangchun , Sun Yan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of digital pathology and progression of state‐of‐the‐art algorithms for computer vision have led to increasing interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning (DL)‐based AI, in tumor pathology. The DL‐based algorithms have been developed to conduct all kinds of work involved in tumor pathology, including tumor diagnosis, subtyping, grading, staging, and prognostic prediction, as well as the identification of pathological features, biomarkers and genetic changes. The applications of AI in pathology not only contribute to improve diagnostic accuracy and objectivity but also reduce the workload of pathologists and subsequently enable them to spend additional time on high‐level decision‐making tasks. In addition, AI is useful for pathologists to meet the requirements of precision oncology. However, there are still some challenges relating to the implementation of AI, including the issues of algorithm validation and interpretability, computing systems, the unbelieving attitude of pathologists, clinicians and patients, as well as regulators and reimbursements. Herein, we present an overview on how AI‐based approaches could be integrated into the workflow of pathologists and discuss the challenges and perspectives of the implementation of AI in tumor pathology.
Severe Necrotizing Periodontitis in an HIV‐Infected Patient: Case Report and Non‐Surgical Treatment
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo R. S. , Carvalho Carlos A. , Rodrigues Tânia M. S. , Cavaleiro Rosely M. S. , Menezes Silvio A. F. , Machado Luiz F. A. 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionNecrotizing periodontitis (NP) is an atypical and painful form of periodontal disease, it is described by a promptly progress of ulceration and destruction of periodontal tissues; the NP is commonly linked to HIV‐positive patients. The aim of this report is to present a rare case of severe necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis treated non‐surgically.Case PresentationA 28‐year‐old dark skin female patient was referred to a dentistry college with the main complaint of spontaneous gingival bleeding and enlargement, oral pain during deglutition and dental hypersensitivity. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed generalized severe periodontal destruction, extensive bleeding, increased biofilm presence and spontaneous suppuration. Medical exams were requested, red and white blood cells were evaluated and among those exams an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for HIV‐1 antibodies, the result reveled reagent to HIV‐1. The diagnosis of NP was assigned based on periodontal parameters such as necrosis and ulceration of the coronal portion of interdental papillae and gingival margin. Treatment established was scaling and root planning plus antibiotics. At 3 months of treatment the clinical and periodontal condition were stable.ConclusionThis case report highlights a severe and generalized form of NP, where periodontal non‐surgical associated with antimicrobials resulted in elimination of the gingival enlargement, necrosis and ulceration of the coronal portion of interdental papillae and significant improvement of periodontal parameters.
The Merit to Phenotypic Modification Treatment for Dental Implants: Two Case Reports
Authors: Rosen Paul S. 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionThe American Academy of Periodontology convened a Best Evidence Consensus workgroup in August 2019 in Chicago, IL to address whether the conversion of a thin to a thick tissue phenotype through various phenotype modification therapy (PhMT) can positively influence peri‐implant health.Case SeriesPhMT was applied to two dental implant cases using subepithelial connective tissue grafting to increase peri‐implant keratinized tissue. These cases demonstrated that when PhMT was used in either a reactive or proactive manner, the keratinized tissue improvement can support long‐term peri‐implant health.ConclusionPhMT can prevent further gingival recession and provide a more stable environment conducive to maintaining peri‐implant health.
Lipophilic 9,10‐Dehydrofukinone Action on Pathogenic and Non‐Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms. Why Is This Main Volatile Metabolite in Senecio?
Authors: Verni María C. , Garay José A. , Mendoza Lucía , Bardón Alicia , Borkosky Susana , Arena Mario E. , Cartagena Elena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effect of a natural sesquiterpene ketone, 9,10‐dehydrofukinone (DHF), on pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from chronic infectious processes, was the focus of the present study. Lipophilic DHF produced important antibacterial synergistic effects in association with ciprofloxacin (CPX) against two biofilm‐forming strains of S. aureus HT1 (FIC=0.21) and P. aeruginosa HT5 (FIC=0.05). Hence, this mixture constitutes an excellent strategy to combat these biofilm‐producing bacteria that overexpress drug efflux pumps as a resistance mechanism. Additionally, a substantial rise in beneficial Lactobacillus biofilm biomass was determined as a very significant finding of this association. Particularly, a non‐pathogenic biofilm increment of 119 % was quantified when the mixture was added to a probiotic L. acidophilus ATCC SD‐5212 culture. A surface activity enhanced in 71 % with respect to untreated L. acidophilus culture was also generated by the DHF and CPX association, and therefore, a glycoprotein synthesis induction mediated by the mixture is discussed. The results obtained could help in the development of new selective antibiotics. From an ecological standpoint, the present study strongly suggests that DHF is a polyfunctional organic molecule produced with a high yield in Senecio punae that exerts a positive impact on a non‐pathogenic plant bacterium L. plantarum CE105.
Incidence, risk, and treatment of binary restenosis after vertebral artery stenting
Authors: Qiu Zhihua , Liu Jun , Huang Ruiyun , Liu Dezhi , Dai Zheng , Luo Ming , Jiang Yongjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn‐stent restenosis (ISR) is the major concern of vertebral artery stenting (VAS). We aimed to investigate the feasibility and outcome of redo angioplasty for ISR of vertebral artery.MethodThe patients were retrospectively reviewed for the significant ISR (>50%). Redo angioplasty including balloon angioplasty and stenting was performed for symptomatic ISR (>50%) or asymptomatic ISR (≥70%). The clinical follow‐up was performed on the 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and then yearly in the clinic or by telephone. The angiographic follow‐up was performed at 6–12 months after redo angioplasty.ResultA total of 72 patients had significant ISR and 48 redo angioplasty (92.3%, 48/52) were successfully achieved with 13 located in the V4 and 35 in the ostium of vertebral artery. Twenty‐six lesions were implanted by the second stent and the others received balloon angioplasty. No stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurred in the perioperative time. One patient died 2 months after redo angioplasty due to nonstroke cause. Redo angioplasty nonsignificantly decreased the stroke or TIA compared with medical treatment. Sixteen patients developed the binary restenosis, which was lower in the patients receiving stent implantation than balloon angioplasty.ConclusionRedo angioplasty was a feasible method for the ISR of VAS and redo stenting might be the first choice.
Impact of manual thrombectomy on microvascular obstruction in STEMI patients
Authors: Meier David , Fournier Stephane , Masci Pier G. , Eeckhout Eric , Antiochos Panagiotis , Tzimas Georgios , Stoyanov Nikolay , Muenkaew Muenpetch , Monney Pierre , Schwitter Juerg , Muller Olivier , Harbaoui Brahim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of manual thrombectomy (MT) on microvascular obstruction (MVO) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods and resultsThree hundred and eighty‐three patients admitted for STEMI and undergoing CMR fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were categorized into two groups (did or did not undergo MT). The two primary endpoints were the occurrence and extent of MVO, analyzed as a categorical variable and as a semicontinuous variable. Among the 383 patients, 49.1% exhibited MVO. Both the incidence of MVO and the median number of segments presenting with MVO were significantly higher in the MT group than in the no‐MT group, (59.5 vs. 38.9%, p < .001) and (1.5 [0;4] vs. 0 [0;2], p < .001). Analysis stratified on coronary thrombus grade showed similar results, only in patients with a high thrombus burden (60.7 vs. 43.5%, p = .004, and 2 [0;4] vs. 0 [0;3], p = .001. When adjusting for baseline differences, MT remained a determinant of MVO occurrence and extent (odds ratio, OR 1.802 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.080–3.009], p = .024) and β = .137, p = .024) in patients with a high thrombus grade.ConclusionIn STEMI patients, MT was associated with the occurrence and extent of MVO, on CMR, especially in patients with a high thrombus burden.
Core carbo‐mer of an Extended Tetrathiafulvalene: Redox‐Controlled Reversible Conversion to a carbo‐Benzenic Dication
Authors: Listunov Dymytrii , Hammerich Ole , Caballero‐Quintana Irving , Poater Albert , Barthes Cécile , Duhayon Carine , Larsen Mie Højer , Maldonado José‐Luis , Ramos‐Ortiz Gabriel , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Maraval Valérie , Chauvin Remi 
Published: April 2020

Abstractcarbo‐Benzene is an aromatic molecule devised by inserting C2 units within each C−C bond of the benzene molecule. By integrating the corresponding carbo‐quinoid core as bridging unit in a π‐extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF), it is shown that a carbo‐benzene ring can be reversibly formed by electrochemical reduction or oxidation. The so‐called carbo‐exTTF molecule was thus experimentally prepared and studied by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, as well as by X‐ray crystallography and by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The molecule and its oxidized and reduced forms were subjected to a computational study at the density functional theory (DFT) level, supporting carbo‐aromaticity as a driving force for the formation of the dication, radical cation, and radical anion. By allowing co‐planarity of the dithiolylidene rings and carbo‐quinoidal core, carbo‐exTTFs present a promising new class of redox‐active systems.
Characteristic Boundary Layers for MixedHyperbolic‐ParabolicSystems in One Space Dimension and Applications to theNavier‐StokesandMHDEquations
Authors: Bianchini Stefano , Spinolo Laura V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe provide a detailed analysis of the boundary layers for mixed hyperbolic‐parabolic systems in one space dimension and small amplitude regimes. As an application of our results, we describe the solution of the so‐called boundary Riemann problem recovered as the zero viscosity limit of the physical viscous approximation. In particular, we tackle the so‐calleddoubly characteristiccase, which is considerably more demanding from the technical viewpoint and occurs when the boundary is characteristic for both the mixed hyperbolic‐parabolic system and for the hyperbolic system obtained by neglecting the second‐order terms. Our analysis applies in particular to the compressible Navier‐Stokes and MHD equations in Eulerian coordinates, with both positive and null electrical resistivity. In these cases, the doubly characteristic case occurs when the velocity is close to 0. The analysis extends to nonconservative systems. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of IgA isoforms on their ability to activate dendritic cells and to prime T cells
Authors: Gayet Rémi , Michaud Eva , Nicoli Francesco , Chanut Blandine , Paul Mireille , Rochereau Nicolas , Guillon Christophe , He Zhiguo , Papagno Laura , Bioley Gilles , Corthesy Blaise , Paul Stéphane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman IgA could be from different isotypes (IgA1/IgA2) and/or isoforms (monomeric, dimeric, or secretory). Monomeric IgA mainly IgA1 are considered as an anti‐inflammatory isotype whereas dimeric/secretory IgA have clearly dual pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory effects. Here, we show that IgA isotypes and isoforms display different binding abilities to FcαRI, Dectin‐1, DC‐SIGN, and CD71 on monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDC). We describe that IgA regulate the expression of their own receptors and trigger modulation of moDC maturation. We also demonstrate that dimeric IgA2 and IgA1 induce different inflammatory responses leading to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells activation. moDC stimulation by dimeric IgA2 was followed by a strong pro‐inflammatory effect. Our study highlights differences regarding IgA isotypes and isoforms in the context of DC conditioning. Further investigations are needed on the activation of adaptive immunity by IgA in the context of microbiota/IgA complexes during antibody‐mediated immune selection.
Chemical Stability of α‐Tocopherol in Colloidal Lipid Particles with Various Morphologies
Authors: Schröder Anja , Sprakel Joris , Schroën Karin , Berton‐Carabin Claire C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColloidal lipid particles (CLPs) are promising encapsulation systems for lipophilic bioactives, such as oil‐soluble antioxidants that are applied in food and pharmaceutical formulations. Currently, there is no clear consensus regarding the relation between particle structure and the chemical stability of such bioactives. Using α‐tocopherol as a model antioxidant, it is shown that emulsifier type (Tween 20 or 40, or sodium caseinate) and lipid composition (tripalmitin, tricaprylin, or combinations thereof) modulated particle morphology and antioxidant stability. The emulsifier affects particle shape, with the polysorbates facilitating tripalmitin crystallization into highly ordered lath‐like particles, and sodium caseinate resulting in less ordered spherical particles. The fastest degradation of α‐tocopherol is observed in tripalmitin‐based CLPs, which may be attributed to its expulsion to the particle surface induced by lipid crystallization. This effect is stronger in CLPs stabilized by Tween 40, which may act as a template for crystallization. This work not only shows how the architecture of CLPs can be controlled through the type of lipid and emulsifier used, but also gives evidence that lipid crystallization does not necessarily protect entrapped lipophilic bioactives, which is an important clue for encapsulation system design.Practical Applications: Interest in enriching food and pharmaceutical products with lipophilic bioactives such as antioxidants through encapsulation in lipid particles is growing rapidly. This research suggests that for efficient encapsulation, the particle architecture plays an important role; to tailor this, the contribution of both the lipid carrier and the emulsifier needs to be considered.
Morphology does not covary with predicted behavioral correlations of the domestication syndrome in dogs
Authors: Hansen Wheat Christina , van der Bijl Wouter , Wheat Christopher W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDomesticated animals display suites of altered morphological, behavioral, and physiological traits compared to their wild ancestors, a phenomenon known as the domestication syndrome (DS). Because these alterations are observed to co-occur across a wide range of present day domesticates, the traits within the DS are assumed to covary within species and a single developmental mechanism has been hypothesized to cause the observed co-occurrence. However, due to the lack of formal testing it is currently not well-resolved if the traits within DS actually covary. Here, we test the hypothesis that the presence of the classic morphological domestication traits white pigmentation, floppy ears, and curly tails predict the strength of behavioral correlations in support of the DS in 78 dog breeds. Contrary to the expectations of covariation among DS traits, we found that morphological traits did not covary among themselves, nor did they predict the strength of behavioral correlations among dog breeds. Further, the number of morphological traits in a breed did not predict the strength of behavioral correlations. Our results thus contrast with the hypothesis that the DS arises due to a shared underlying mechanism, but more importantly, questions if the morphological traits embedded in the DS are actual domestication traits or postdomestication improvement traits. For dogs, it seems highly likely that strong selection for breed specific morphological traits only happened recently and in relation to breed formation. Present day dogs therefore have limited bearing of the initial selection pressures applied during domestication and we should reevaluate our expectations of the DS accordingly.