bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of liver zonation‐like transcriptomic patterns in HLCs derived from hiPSCs in a microfluidic biochip environment
Authors: Danoy Mathieu , Poulain Stéphane , Lereau‐Bernier Myriam , Kato Sachi , Scheidecker Benedikt , Kido Taketomo , Miyajima Atsushi , Sakai Yasuyuki , Plessy Charles , Leclerc Eric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe liver zonation is an important phenomenon characterized by a gradient of several functions along the liver acinus. However, this gradient remains difficult to reproduce in in‐vitro conditions, making the obtention of an in‐vitro method to recapitulate the liver zonation a challenging issue. In this study, we evaluated the spatial evolution of the transcriptome profile of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiated toward hepatocytes‐like cells (HLCs) phenotype in a microfluidic biochip environment. Cells collected at the inlet of the biochip, where the oxygen concentration is higher, were identified by the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways related to cellular reorganization and cell proliferation. Cells collected in the middle and at the outlet of the biochips, where oxygen concentrations are lower, were characterized by the upregulation of genes involved in cellular detoxification processes (CYP450), PPAR signaling or arginine biosynthesis. A subset of 16 transcription factors (TFs) was extracted and identified as upstream regulators to HNF1A and PPARA. These TFs are also known as regulators to target genes engaged in the Wnt/βcatenin pathway, in the TGFβ/BMP/SMAD signaling, in the transition between epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET), in the homeostasis of lipids, bile acids and carbohydrates homeostasis, in drug metabolism, in the estrogen processing and in the oxidative stress response. Overall, the analysis allowed to confirm a partial zonation‐like pattern in hiPSCs‐derived HLCs in the microfluidic biochip environment. These results provide important insights into the reproduction of liver zonation in‐vitro for a better understanding of the phenomenon.
Cable‐Like Core–Shell Mesoporous SnO2 Nanofibers by Single‐Nozzle Electrospinning Phase Separation for Formaldehyde Sensing
Authors: Xu Dongpo , Ge Kangjie , Chen Yan , Qi Shuyan , Qiu Jingxuan , Liu Qing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we have developed a simple and efficient single‐nozzle electrospinning strategy involving the phase separation of polystyrene and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) to construct cable‐like core–shell mesoporous SnO2 nanofibers. Compared with traditional multi‐axial electrospinning approaches to the synthesis of core–shell nanofibers, the single‐nozzle electrospinning process requires no complex multi‐axial electrospinning setups or post‐treatments, just drying and annealing after electrospinning. The obtained SnO2 nanofibers show promise as a sensing material for formaldehyde at low concentrations, the detection limit being about 1 ppm. Furthermore, the nanofibers exhibited good cycling stability and selectivity, with response and recovery times toward 10 ppm formaldehyde being approximately 18 and 196 s, respectively, at an operating temperature of 195 °C.
Hierarchical Nanoflower Arrays of Co9S8‐Ni3S2 on Nickel Foam: A Highly Efficient Binder‐Free Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Illathvalappil Rajith , Walko Priyanka S. , Kanheerampockil Fayis , Bhat Suresh K. , Devi R. Nandini , Kurungot Sreekumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydrogen production is vital for meeting future energy demands and managing environmental sustainability. Electrolysis of water is considered as the suitable method for H2 generation in a carbon‐free pathway. Herein, the synthesis of highly efficient Co9S8‐Ni3S2 based hierarchical nanoflower arrays on nickel foam (NF) is explored through the one‐pot hydrothermal method (Co9S8‐Ni3S2/NF) for overall water splitting applications. The nanoflower arrays are self‐supported on the NF without any binder, possessing the required porosity and structural characteristics. The obtained Co9S8‐Ni3S2/NF displays high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as oxygen evolution reaction (OER), activities in 1 m KOH solution. The overpotentials exhibited by this system at 25 mA cm−2 are nearly 277 and 102 mV for HER and OER, respectively, in 1 m KOH solution. Subsequently, the overall water splitting was performed in 1 m KOH solution by employing Co9S8‐Ni3S2/NF as both the anode and cathode, where the system required only 1.49, 1.60, and 1.69 V to deliver the current densities of 10, 25, and 50 mA cm−2, respectively. Comparison of the activity of Co9S8‐Ni3S2/NF with the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C and RuO2 coated on NF displays an enhanced performance for Co9S8‐Ni3S2/NF both in the half‐cell as well as in the full cell, emphasizing the significance of the present work. The post analysis of the material after water electrolysis confirms that the surface Co(OH)2 formed during the course of the reaction serves as the favorable active sites. Overall, the activity modulation achieved in the present case is attributed to the presence of the open‐pore morphology of the as formed nanoflowers of Co9S8‐Ni3S2 on NF and the simultaneous presence of the surface Co(OH)2 along with the highly conducting Co9S8‐Ni3S2 core, which facilitates the adsorption of the reactants and subsequently its conversion into the gaseous products during water electrolysis.
Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Axially Chiral Indole‐Based Frameworks: An Emerging Area
Authors: Li Tian‐Zhen , Liu Si‐Jia , Tan Wei , Shi Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAxially chiral indole‐based frameworks have been recognized as a class of important five‐membered heterobiaryls and developing catalytic asymmetric approaches for constructing these frameworks in an enantioselective manner is highly desirable. In recent years, synthetic chemists have paid much attention to this research field, and rapid developments have occurred. At this point, a range of axially chiral indole‐based scaffolds have been constructed via various catalytic asymmetric reactions based on different strategies. Thus, the catalytic asymmetric construction of axially chiral indole‐based frameworks has become an emerging area. This minireview summarizes the rapid advances in this field and gives some insights into future developments, which will help this research field to thrive.
Near perfect visual compensation for atmospheric color distortions
Authors: Gomes Andreia E. , Linhares João M. M. , Nascimento Sérgio M. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLight is scattered and absorbed in the atmosphere producing visual effects that increase with viewing distance. Contrast and chromatic diversity decrease with distance, thereby modifying the way objects and scenes are perceived. Although some perceptual compensation to produce color constancy of individual surfaces has been reported, it is unclear to what extent unknown original images can be visually inferred from their distorted versions, that is, how much these effects can be discounted by the visual system. We investigated this issue with a paradigm akin to the paper‐matching paradigm used in color constancy studies but with complex natural images. Hyperspectral data from 11 natural scenes were used to simulate their colors for distances up to 2000 m using a precise physical model of the effects of atmosphere. In each trial of the experiment, observers viewed the range of simulated images derived from one scene displayed on a calibrated monitor and selected the one perceived as more natural, without color distortion. Pooling data across scenes and observers showed that the image selected as more natural was very close to the undistorted one, corresponding to a simulated distance of only 2 m. These results suggest that observers are sensitive to changes in the naturalness of colors due to atmospheric effects and, crucially, can retrieve the original chromatic content with good accuracy revealing an efficient form of color constancy.
Leveraging Actinide Hydrolysis Chemistry for Targeted Th and U Separations using Amidoxime‐Functionalized Poly(HIPE)s
Authors: Piechowicz Marek , Chiarizia Renato , Skanthakumar S. , Rowan Stuart J. , Soderholm L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolymerized high internal phase emulsions (poly(HIPE)s) are porous polymer monoliths whose synthesis can easily be tailored to allow incorporation of functional units. In this work, nitrile containing poly(HIPE)s have been prepared with either acrylonitrile (AN) or 4‐cyanostyrene (4CS) comonomers. Post‐synthetic modification of these nitrile‐containing poly(HIPE)s yields their corresponding amidoximated analogues, which were studied for actinide uptake. These amidoxime‐functionalized, porous polymers were shown to adsorb 95 % Th4+ species from aqueous solution within 30 minutes. In contrast to other amidoxime containing polymers the uptake of UO22+ in these poly(HIPE)s is lower under similar conditions. A critical analysis of actinide separations and high‐energy X‐ray scattering data provides insight into the polymers’ selectivity, enabled by the uptake of multinuclear Th clusters.
Growth and the Actual Compositions of Cation‐Deficient Sodium‐Gadolinium Molybdate Single Crystals
Authors: Zharikov Evgeny V. , Subbotin Kirill A. , Titov Anatoly I. , Lis Denis A. , Voronov Valery V. , Senin Valery G. , Dudnikova Valentina B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe concentration series of sodium‐gadolinium molybdate (NGM) crystals have been grown by Czochralski technique from stoichiometric Na0,5Gd0,5MoO4 melt, and from seven different nonstoichiometric melts in various atmospheres. The actual cation compositions of the crystals are measured by microprobe analysis. The location of the congruently melting composition is found for this compound, and the homogeneity field is evaluated. The unit cell parameters of the crystals have been calculated from X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results. Hydrostatic densities of the crystals are measured. Based on these results, the actual molar weights of the samples are calculated that allows more precise determination of the crystals compositions. The studied crystals are shown to contain substantial sodium deficiency and excess of gadolinium compared to stoichiometry. The amount of cation vacancies occurs in both sublattices along with increase of Gd2O3/Na2O molar ratio in the crystals.
Enhancing live virtual machine migration process via optimized resource allocation in next generation mobile edge network: A hybrid evolutionary approach
Authors: Roy Asmita , Midya Sadip , Majumder Koushik , Phadikar Santanu 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe evolution of 5th Generation wireless technology introduced Mobile Edge Computing, where edge servers are placed at the edge of the network, and are associated with evolved Node Base Stations (eNBs). This enables mobile users to offload their resource‐intensive tasks to these servers and improve network performance by reducing end‐to‐end delay. However, frequent user mobility leads to frequent re‐planning of network and increases network load. This demands dynamic Virtual Machine (VM) migration in Mobile Edge paradigm for an improved Quality of Service (QoS). For an enhanced VM migration process, an optimal pair of migrating VMs and destination edge servers needs to be chosen. In this paper, we propose an optimized decision‐making policy that chooses such optimal pairs. Several decision parameters such as average wait time, processing delay, migration delay, transmission power, and processing power are modeled. A profit function is developed using these modeled decision parameters that chooses the optimal pairs. This function is maximized using the proposed hybrid evolutionary algorithm, which combines the advantages of PSO and GA. The pairs are chosen in such a manner, that the selection guarantees high network throughput, reduced service delay, and energy consumption which is reflected in the simulation.
Space occupying lesion of brain: An unusual site for a common infection
Authors: Suteri Pooja , Kaushal Manju 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFilariasis is a public health menace and is a cause for concern due to its endemicity in tropical and subtropical countries of Africa, Asia, and Western Pacific. Even in endemic areas, it is rare to find filariasis in fluid specimens especially cerebrospinal fluid. Herein, we report a case of unsuspected filarial parasitic infection in an adult male admitted as a case of space occupying lesion in brain with suspicion of lymphoma/granulomatous disease on the basis of clinicoradiological details. To the best of our knowledge, such an extensive brain involvement by filariasis has not been reported before.
Predicting ecosystem state changes in shallow lakes using an aquatic ecosystem model: Lake Hinge, Denmark, an example
Authors: Andersen Tobias Kuhlmann , Nielsen Anders , Jeppesen Erik , Hu Fenjuan , Bolding Karsten , Liu Zhengwen , Søndergaard Martin , Johansson Liselotte S. , Trolle Dennis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, considerable efforts have been made to restore turbid, phytoplankton‐dominated shallow lakes to a clear‐water state with high coverage of submerged macrophytes. Various dynamic lake models with simplified physical representations of vertical gradients, such as PCLake, have been used to predict external nutrient load thresholds for such nonlinear regime shifts. However, recent observational studies have questioned the concept of regime shifts by emphasizing that gradual changes are more common than sudden shifts. We investigated if regime shifts would be more gradual if the models account for depth‐dependent heterogeneity of the system by including the possibility of vertical gradients in the water column and sediment layers for the entire depth. Hence, bifurcation analysis was undertaken using the 1D hydrodynamic model GOTM, accounting for vertical gradients, coupled to the aquatic ecosystem model PCLake, which is implemented in the framework for aquatic biogeochemical modeling (FABM). First, the model was calibrated and validated against a comprehensive data set covering two consecutive 7‐yr periods from Lake Hinge, a shallow, eutrophic Danish lake. The autocalibration program Auto‐Calibration Python (ACPy) was applied to achieve a more comprehensive adjustment of model parameters. The model simulations showed excellent agreement with observed data for water temperature, total nitrogen, and nitrate and good agreement for ammonium, total phosphorus, phosphate, and chlorophyll a concentrations. Zooplankton and macrophyte coverage were adequately simulated for the purpose of this study, and in general the GOTM‐FABM‐PCLake model simulations performed well compared with other model studies. In contrast to previous model studies ignoring depth heterogeneity, our bifurcation analysis revealed that the spatial extent and depth limitation of macrophytes as well as phytoplankton chlorophyll‐a responded more gradually over time to a reduction in the external phosphorus load, albeit some hysteresis effects still appeared. In a management perspective, our study emphasizes the need to include depth heterogeneity in the model structure to more correctly determine at which external nutrient load a given lake changes ecosystem state to a clear‐water condition.
Capturing ecological processes in dynamic forest models: why there is no silver bullet to cope with complexity
Authors: Huber Nica , Bugmann Harald , Lafond Valentine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDynamic forest models are a key tool to better understand, assess, and project decadal‐ to centennial‐scale forest dynamics. Despite their success, many questions regarding appropriate model formulations remain unresolved, and few models have found widespread application, for example, across a whole continent. We aimed to scrutinize the representation of ecological processes in dynamic forest models so as to rigorously test core assumptions underlying forest dynamics and the consistency of their interplay, taking the ForClim model as a case study. We developed a set of alternative representations for the main ecological processes, that is, tree establishment, growth, and mortality, and light extinction through the canopy, based on diverse sources of empirical data. We applied a pattern‐oriented modeling (POM) approach to test all combinations of the standard and alternative formulations (>500 model versions) against a comprehensive set of patterns for diverse model applications across a wide range of site conditions. We found that adapting one process in isolation can improve model performance for one specific application. However, the best model versions typically included more than one alternative formulation. Importantly, the best version for an individual application was generally not the best across multiple applications, emphasizing the varying influences of ecological processes. We conclude that the behavior and performance of complex models should not be analyzed for a few specific applications only. Rather, multiple applications, system states, and dynamics of interest should be scrutinized across a wide range of site conditions. This allows for avoiding overfitting and detecting and eliminating structural shortcomings and parameterization problems. We thus propose to make use of the ever‐increasing data availability and the POM framework to challenge the core processes of dynamic models in a holistic manner. For model applications, we propose that a set of alternative formulations (ensemble simulations) should be used to quantify the impacts of structural uncertainty, rather than to rely on the projections from one single model version.
Ecosystem‐scale carbon allocation among different land uses: implications for carbon stocks in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Li Junran , Jiao Shuying , Li Ye , Xu Ziyun , Kong Baishu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe reclamation area of the Chinese Yellow River Delta (YRD) has experienced frequent land use changes in recent decades. The consequence of such land use changes on the stocks and allocation of ecosystem‐scale carbon is not known. Here, we assessed carbon stocks and allocation of four representative land uses in the YRD area: (1) purple alfalfa (LAL), (2) reed and Aeluropus littoralis (RAE), (3) cotton (ECO), and (4) Chinese tamarisk (CTA). The results showed that the overall carbon stocks, and carbon stocks of aboveground, litter, roots, and soil were notably different among different land uses. The native CTA land had the largest overall carbon stock (belowground and aboveground) and had the strongest potential to allocate the carbon to the soil carbon pool (95.72%), followed by the natural grassland (RAE). Alfalfa grassland (LAL) also had a large carbon stock due to its large aboveground biomass, litter, and roots, but the relative allocation proportion of soil carbon stock was lower than that of the other land uses examined. Cotton (ECO) had the lowest soil carbon and total carbon stocks among four land uses. In combining our data on the carbon pool with changes of land use in the YRD area, we argued that land reclamation in the YRD area was likely to turn this area from a carbon sink to carbon source with the release of soil organic carbon. Therefore, cautions should be taken to reduce carbon release, if the reclaimed land be used to plant crops.
Detection of anomalous high‐frequency events in human intracranial EEG
Authors: Charupanit Krit , Sen‐Gupta Indranil , Lin Jack J. , Lopour Beth A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising biomarker for the epileptogenic zone. However, no physiological definition of an HFO has been established, so detection relies on the empirical definition of an HFO derived from visual observation. This can bias estimates of HFO features such as amplitude and duration, thereby hindering their utility as biomarkers. Therefore, we set out to develop an algorithm that detects high‐frequency events in the intracranial EEG that are morphologically distinct from background without requiring assumptions about event amplitude or shape.MethodWe propose the anomaly detection algorithm (ADA), which uses unsupervised machine learning to identify segments of data that are distinct from the background. We apply ADA and a standard HFO detector using a root mean square amplitude threshold to intracranial EEG from 11 patients undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery. The rate, amplitude, and duration of the detected events and the percent overlap between the two detectors are compared.ResultIn the seizure onset zone (SOZ), ADA detected a subset of conventional HFOs. In non‐SOZ channels, ADA detected at least twice as many events as the standard approach, including some conventional HFOs; however, ADA also identified many low and intermediate amplitude events missed by the standard amplitude‐based method. The rate of ADA events was similar across all channels; however, the amplitude of ADA events was significantly higher in SOZ channels (P < .0045), and the amplitude measurement was more stable over time than the HFO rate, as indicated by a lower coefficient of variation (P < .0125).SignificanceADA does not require human supervision, parameter optimization, or prior assumptions about event shape, amplitude, or duration. Our results suggest that the algorithm's estimate of event amplitude may differentiate SOZ and non‐SOZ channels. Further studies will examine the utility of HFO amplitude as a biomarker for epilepsy surgical outcome.
Robotic‐assisted transmaxillary approach for removal of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma of the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa
Authors: Zalzal Habib G. , Turner Meghan T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEndoscopic transmaxillary approaches to remove juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNAs) have been described previously and are used for tumors that extend laterally in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and infratemporal fossa (ITF). There is no previous description of robotic‐assisted JNA removal in the literature. The video will demonstrate the success of this technique. Robotic transmaxillary approaches to the lateral PPF and ITF are easily achieved through an extended Caldwell‐Luc antrostomy. Total operative time was 519 minutes. Total robotic operative time was 283 minutes. The endoscopic approach provided no assistance in tumor dissection or removal. Robotic‐assisted transmaxillary JNA removal allows the operating surgeon to control the endoscope and to operate free of collisions from the robotic console while having an active assistant surgeon at the patient bedside. A video demonstrating the technique is found on Head & Neck's web site.