bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the periodic table to photochemistry with fluorescent jellies: A food science celebration of the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements
Authors: Jaconiano Yasmim R. , Goulart Juliana S. , Barros José C. , Michel Ricardo C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt began in 1869, and today we have 118 elements listed in the Periodic table, thanks to Mendeleev's work. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are elements presented in many organic compounds. Some of them can exhibit photophysical and photochemical properties. Herein, we proposed an easy to make an experiment in chemistry classes to connect both subjects, periodic table and photochemistry, through periodic tables made of fluorescent jellies. A sheet of PET‐G was heated and put over the periodic table mold made in a 3D‐printing to produce the form used in this work. Quinine and vitamin B2, from tonic water and vitamin supplement, respectively, were the fluorescent compounds selected to be in the gelification process to give the jelly fluorescence. The light source was a black light lamp. This work allowed for the discussion of photophysics and photochemistry concepts, 3D‐printing process, gelification, and the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements—IYPT2019—with undergraduate students without the use of expensive reagents or equipment.
Transformations and functional role of starch during potato crisp making: A review
Authors: Reyniers Stijn , Ooms Nand , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPotato chips are a major product in the savory snack market and are consumed worldwide because of their enjoyable and distinctive organoleptic properties. They are conventionally produced by deep‐frying thin slices of fresh potato. In contrast, potato crisps are manufactured from dried potato derivatives such as potato flakes (PFs). Their production is reviewed in this manuscript and requires the formation of dough based on hydrated PFs. Expansion of the dough during deep‐frying provides the crisps with their desired crunchy texture. As part of an overall trend, the consumer search for calorie‐reduced food products has also stimulated research to lower oil uptake during crisp production. However, minimizing oil absorption without losing the characteristic palatability of deep‐fried products is challenging and requires fundamental knowledge on factors determining product texture and oil absorption. The transformations and functional role of starch, potato's main constituent, during crisp making are key in this respect and are reviewed here.
The membrane mucin Msb2 regulates aflatoxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity in fungus Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Qin Ling , Li Ding , Zhao Jiaru , Yang Guang , Wang Yinchun , Yang Kunlong , Tumukunde Elisabeth , Wang Shihua , Yuan Jun 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAs a pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus flavus can produce carcinogenic aflatoxins (AFs), which poses a great threat to crops and animals. Msb2, the signalling mucin protein, is a part of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which contributes to a range of physiological processes. In this study, the roles of membrane mucin Msb2 were explored in A. flavus by the application of gene disruption. The deletion of msb2 gene (Δmsb2) caused defects in vegetative growth, sporulation and sclerotia formation when compared to WT and complement strain (Δmsb2C) in A. flavus. Using thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, it was found that deletion of msb2 down‐regulated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) synthesis and decreased the infection capacity of A. flavus. Consistently, Msb2 responds to cell wall stress and osmotic stress by positively regulating the phosphorylation of MAP kinase. Notably, Δmsb2 mutant exhibited cell wall defect, and it was more sensitive to inhibitor caspofungin when compared to WT and Δmsb2C. Taking together, these results revealed that Msb2 plays key roles in morphological development process, stresses adaptation, secondary metabolism and pathogenicity in fungus A. flavus.
Joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis: Lessons learned from an extended 36‐joint ultrasonography and 28‐joint Disease Activity Score assessments
Authors: Tan York Kiat , Li HuiHua , Allen John Carson , Thumboo Julian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo study joint damage severity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients classified using ultrasound power Doppler (PD) and gray‐scale (GS) joint inflammation outcomes and the 28‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28).MethodUltrasound erosion scores were compared between (a) patients in group 1 (PD positive and GS ≥ median score), group 2 (PD negative and GS ≥ median score) and group 3 (PD positive and GS < median score) vs group 4 (PD negative and GS < median score) and (b) patients with high, moderate and low DAS28 scores vs those in DAS28 remission. Comparative analyses were performed using the 2‐sample Student's t test.ResultsThere were 1080 joints and 1800 joint recesses from 36 joints scanned in 30 RA adult patients (mean DAS28, 3.58; mean disease duration, 70.3 months) in this cross‐sectional study. The mean and 95% CI ultrasound erosion scores were significantly higher (P = .026) for groups 1 (9.75, 6.69‐12.81) vs 4 (3.4, 1.11‐5.69) with a difference (95% CI) of 6.35 (0.78‐11.83), but not significantly different (P values all > .05) for (a) groups 2 and 3 vs 4 and (b) patients with high, moderate and low DAS28 scores vs those in DAS28 remission.ConclusionSeverity of ultrasound‐detected bone erosions was significantly greater when both positive PD and a greater degree of GS joint inflammation were present in RA. This association was not observed when either component was absent. Single time point ultrasound joint inflammation assessment – and not DAS28 – is reflective of joint damage severity in RA patients.
Role of exosome in autoimmunity, with a particular emphasis on rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hejrati Alireza , Hasani Bahare , Esmaili Mozhgan , Bashash Davood , Tavakolinia Naeimeh , Zafari Parisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCell‐derived exosomes are identified as carriers of lipids, proteins, and genetic materials that participate in cell‐cell signal communication, biological process, and cell signaling. Also, their involvement has been reported in a vast array of disorders and inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common cause of joint disorder, is an inflammation‐based disease in which the precise understanding of its pathogenesis needs to be further investigated. Also, there is only a palliative care approach for the alleviation of RA symptoms. This paper discusses the recent advances in the biology of exosomes in autoimmune disorders especially in RA, and also provides a new line of research for arthritis therapy using exosomes.
Root and canal morphology of the anterior permanent dentition in Malaysian population using two classification systems: A CBCT clinical study
Authors: Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Noorani Tahir Yusuf , Halim Mohamad Syahrizal , Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent anteriors in Malaysian population using two classification systems (Vertucci 1984 and Ahmed et al 2017). CBCT images of 856 patients with 10,080 anterior teeth were analysed. Results showed that, except for six mandibular canines, all anterior teeth were single‐rooted. According to Ahmed et al’s system and Vertucci’s classification, code 1MaxA1 and type I were the most common types except in mandibular laterals where 1ManA1‐2‐1 and type III were the most common, respectively. The prevalence of canal variations in mandibular incisors was higher in males and the 20–30 age group than in females and other age groups (P < 0.001). The Malay ethnic group showed more canal variations in mandibular incisors than Chinese and Indians (P < 0.001). Mandibular anteriors showed a wide range of canal variations, and the canal complexity is significantly affected by sex, ethnicity and age. The new classification provides an accurate presentation for root canal morphology.
Voluntary social insurance for Vietnamese laborers in the informal economic sector
Authors: Mai Linh , Nguyen Hoa T. K. , Nguyen Nga T. T. , Nguyen Trang T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVoluntary social insurance (VSI), a type of social insurance organized by the Government, allows participants, who work in the informal sector with unstable jobs and income, to choose the premium and payment methods in accordance with their income for their retirement plan. The rate of Vietnamese laborers participating in VSI is low. This study aims to examine the current situation of VSI participation of laborers, as well as their perception of VSI visibility and assessment of VSI policies and utilization. Results from survey with 293 laborers, including 144 VSI participants and 149 VSI non‐participants, and semi‐structured interviews with 60 stakeholders in two districts in Northern Vietnam show the lack of awareness of VSI existence among non‐VSI participants, and limited knowledge of VSI policies among VSI participants. Although participants endorsed beneficiaries and premium in the retirement plan, they were concerned about the long 20‐year premium payment duration in the situation of unstable jobs and income, and the lack of other benefits, for example, maternity leave and unemployment benefit. Results recommend better propagandas, distributed documents, and educational sessions on VSI policies on mass and social media, as well as at VSI conferences and their workplace.
Cardiorespiratory responses to high‐intensity skeletal muscle metaboreflex activation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Iepsen Ulrik Winning , Ryrsø Camilla Koch , Rugbjerg Mette , Secher Niels H. , Barbosa Thales Coelho , Lange Peter , Thaning Pia , Pedersen Bente K. , Mortensen Stefan P. , Fadel Paul J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAugmented skeletal muscle metaboreflex activation may accompany chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The maintained metaboreflex control of mean arterial pressure (MAP) that has been reported may reflect limited evaluation using only one moderate bout of static handgrip (HG) and following postexercise ischaemia (PEI).ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that cardiovascular and respiratory responses to high‐intensity static HG and isolated metaboreflex activation during PEI are augmented in COPD patients.MethodsTen patients with moderate to severe COPD and eight healthy age‐ and BMI‐matched controls performed two‐minute static HG at moderate (30% maximal voluntary contraction; MVC) and high (40% MVC) intensity followed by PEI.ResultsDespite similar ratings of perceived exertion, arm muscle mass and strength, COPD patients demonstrated lower MAP responses during both HG intensities compared with controls (time × group interaction, p < .05). Indeed, during high‐intensity HG at 40% MVC, peak MAP responses were significantly lower in COPD patients (ΔMAP: COPD 41 ± 9 mmHg vs. controls 56 ± 14 mmHg, p < .05). Notably, no group differences in MAP were observed during PEI (e.g. 40% MVC PEI: ΔMAP COPD 33 ± 9 mmHg vs. controls 33 ± 6 mmHg, p > .05). We found no between‐group differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, or estimated minute ventilation during HG or PEI.ConclusionThese results suggest that the pressor response to high‐intensity HG is blunted in COPD patients. Moreover, despite inducing a strong cardiovascular and respiratory stimulus, skeletal muscle metaboreflex activation evoked similar responses in COPD patients and controls.
Site‐specific skeletal muscle echo intensity and thickness differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue matched older and younger adults
Authors: Paris Michael T. , Letofsky Noah , Mourtzakis Marina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related deterioration of muscle mass does not occur uniformly across the body. However, there is limited knowledge on the uniformity of age‐related muscle composition changes across the body.ObjectiveOur primary objective was to evaluate muscle composition differences between younger and older adults across multiple muscle groups.MethodsWe re‐analysed data from a previously published cohort to evaluate differences in ultrasound muscle composition (echo intensity) between younger (<45 years) and older (>60 years) adults, when matched for adipose tissue mass at the anterior upper arm, anterior upper leg and abdominal muscles. Analysis of echo intensity is confounded by subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness overlaying the muscle; we accounted for these effects by matching older and younger adults (1:1), stratified by sex, for absolute SAT thickness at each landmark.ResultsFrom 96 adults (n = females), 58 (n = 34) were SAT matched at the anterior upper arm, 52 (n = 30) at the anterior upper leg and 60 (n = 30) at the abdominal region; thus, there were no age group differences in SAT thickness at each landmark. In comparison with younger adults, older adults presented with greater echo intensity at the anterior upper leg (females:40.3 ± 6.8 vs. 52.4 ± 7.6; males:35.7 ± 8.0 vs. 54.3 ± 9.8, p < .01) and abdominal (females:38.7 ± 27.6 vs. 73.4 ± 31.0; males:18.7 ± 15.2 vs. 60.9 ± 23.4, p < .01) muscles, but not anterior upper arm muscles (females:47.0 ± 6.5 vs. 53.2 ± 13.1; males:43.4 ± 8.9 vs. 48.9 ± 10.1, p = .18).ConclusionsDistinct age‐related differences in trunk and lower limb muscle composition were evident compared to upper limb muscles; highlighting the importance of quantifying specific muscle groups when evaluating age‐associated muscle characteristics.
Mapping habitat protection priority over a marine ecoregion under information gaps
Authors: Wang Xianyan , Kittiwattanawong Kongkiat , Junchompoo Chalatip , Sakornwimon Watchara , Chen Mo , Wu Fuxing , Jutapruet Suwat , Huang Shiang‐Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimHolistic marine biodiversity conservation refers to ecosystem‐based management through marine conservation planning (MCP), based on mapping habitat protection priority areas. In practice, MCP is frequently hindered by information gaps in biodiversity distributions, particularly on a marine ecoregion scale. Species distribution modelling (SDM) can help to resolve this gap and provide information essential for MCP scenarios. We constructed habitat configurations for three coastal marine megafauna animals using SDM, then based MCP scenarios on the projected habitat configurations and tested the use of marine megafauna animals as surrogates to protect major ecosystems.LocationGulf of Thailand, Southeast Asia.MethodsA MaxEnt model was used to project likely habitats for Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis), Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) and sea turtles in the Gulf of Thailand. MARXAN software was used to prioritize spatial configurations for habitat protection. The percentage of overlaps between MARXAN delineations and major biodiversity features in the Gulf of Thailand were calculated.ResultsHabitat configurations of humpback dolphins, Irrawaddy dolphins and sea turtles were projected throughout the coastal and estuarine waters along the Gulf of Thailand. MCP based on the habitat of three marine megafauna animals highlighted five critical habitats for the protection of major ecosystems in the Gulf of Thailand.Main conclusionsHolistic MCP starts with mapping critical habitats for marine protected area (MPA) networks, balances MPA networks with maritime livelihood activities and alleviates conflicts between MPA management and local livelihood needs. A combination of SDM and MARXAN methods provides a cost‐effective approach to delineate MPA networks. In this approach, surrogate selection and data preparation should consider niches representative of regional ecosystem features and avoid spatial sampling bias. In coastal and estuarine waters, marine megafauna such as coastal cetaceans and sea turtles may serve as efficient surrogates to protect major ecosystems.
A phase II study of bisantrene in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Canaani Jonathan , Danylesko Ivetta , Shemtov Noga , Zlotnick Maya , Lozinsky Kira , Benjamini Ohad , Yerushalmi Ronit , Nagar Meital , Dor Chen , Shimoni Avichai , Avigdor Abraham , Nagler Arnon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the current role of bisantrene, an anthracene with anthracycline‐like activity which was shown in earlier studies to be effective therapy in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia with no discernible cardiotoxicity, in the treatment of patients with R/R AML.MethodsThis phase 2, single‐center study (NCT03820908) enrolled adult R/R AML to receive bisantrene (250 mg/m2 daily for 7 days) which was administered via an intravenous infusion over 2 hours on days 1‐7. Disease assessment included routine blood work and bone marrow studies.ResultsIn all, 10 patients were enrolled with a median of 3 lines of prior therapy including seven patients who had relapsed following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The most frequently reported grade ≥3 treatment‐attributed hematologic AE was thrombocytopenia, whereas the most frequently reported grade ≥3 treatment‐attributed non‐hematologic AE was mucositis. Of the 10 patients, one (10%) achieved a complete remission and three patients achieved a partial remission resulting in an overall response rate of 40%. Next‐generation sequencing of patient samples identified a wide array of mutations associated with activated signaling, splicing, and epigenetic modification.ConclusionsIn view of the observed low toxicity, a follow‐up study combining bisantrene with complementary anti‐leukemic therapy is planned.
Lymph node core biopsies reliably permit diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases. Real‐World Experience from 554 sequential core biopsies from a single centre
Authors: Cohen Oliver C. , Brodermann Maximillian H. , Dervin Aoife , Raja Neel , Marafioti Teresa , Otero Sofia , Beale Tim , Jawad Susan , Ramsay Alan , Pomplun Sabine , Ardeshna Kirit M. , Proctor Ian , Townsend William , Morley Simon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionWhilst excision biopsy is traditionally preferred, advances in radiological and histological techniques warrant a re‐look at core biopsy as a viable primary diagnostic method.MethodOver a 3‐year period, all patients who underwent core biopsy to investigate lymphoma at our centre were included.Results554 consecutive patients were included (40.1% prior lymphoma and 59.4% new presentations). Three or more cores were taken in 420 (75.8%) cases. Median time from request to biopsy and biopsy to histology report was 2 (0‐40) days and 7 (1‐24) days, respectively. 510/544 (93.8%) biopsies were diagnostic. There was no difference in whether the biopsy was diagnostic based on indication (new vs. relapsed lymphoma) (P = .445), whether biopsy was PET‐directed (P = .507), for T‐cell lymphoma (P = .468) or nodal vs. extra‐nodal (P = .693). Thirty‐eight patients (6.9%) required a second biopsy due to inadequate tissue. In a patient experience survey, only 13.9% reported any complications (1 self‐limiting minor bleeding, 4 bruising) whilst 16.7% reported any discomfort beyond 12 hours.ConclusionCore biopsy performed by experienced radiologists and analysed by expert haemato‐pathologists is a reliable, well‐tolerated method for diagnosing lymphoma and confirming relapse. Multiple cores can be obtained under local anaesthetic yielding sufficient material in the majority of cases.
Endogenous enkephalin is necessary for cocaine‐induced alteration in glutamate transmission within the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Mongi‐Bragato Bethania , Avalos María Paula , Guzmán Andrea S. , García‐Keller Constanza , Bollati Flavia A. , Cancela Liliana M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAltered glutamate transmission within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been proposed as a central mechanism underlying behavioural sensitisation associated with repeated cocaine exposure. In addition to glutamate, enkephalin, an endogenous opioid peptide derived from proenkephalin, is necessary for the neuroadaptations associated with chronic cocaine. However, the influence of enkephalin on long‐term changes in glutamate transmission within the NAc associated with cocaine‐induced sensitisation has not been described. This study used knockout proenkephalin mice (KO) to study the influence of endogenous enkephalin on the adaptations in glutamate neurotransmission associated with repeated cocaine treatment. Wild‐type (WT) and KO mice were treated with daily cocaine injections for 9 days to induce sensitisation. On days 15 and 21, the animals received a cocaine challenge and locomotor sensitisation was evaluated, and microdialysis was performed to determine accumbens glutamate content on day 21. No expression of behavioural sensitisation to cocaine was evidenced in the KO mice. Consistently, these showed no changes in glutamate transmission in the NAc associated with repeated cocaine. This study reveals the central role of enkephalin in regulating the glutamate mechanisms associated with cocaine sensitisation.
Oscillations of C‐peptide in the euglycemic clamp and their effect on the pharmacodynamic assessment of insulin preparations
Authors: Liu Hui , Yu Hongling , Qiao Jingtao , Sun Lisi , Li Jiaqi , Tan Huiwen , Yu Yerong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractC‐peptide should be continuously suppressed. However, increased postdosing C‐peptide is not an uncommon phenomenon in euglycemic clamp studies involving healthy participants. This study aimed to determine the extent to which the postdosing C‐peptide increases from the baseline that could affect the accuracy of glucodynamics in euglycemic clamp studies involving healthy subjects. First, 10 healthy males underwent a 10‐h euglycemic clamp without exogenous insulin administration to obtain a reference interval (RI) for the ratio of C‐peptide after 0 min (CPt) to baseline C‐peptide (CP0). Then, the data from a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of insulin aspart (IAsp) were analyzed, and 70 eligible clamps were grouped by CPt/CP0: group A ([CPt/CP0]max > upper limit of RI), group B (1<[CPt/CP0]max ≤ upper limit of RI), and group C ([CPt/CP0]max ≤ 1). The differences in basal and clamped blood glucose, CPt/CP0, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of IAsp were compared, and the relationship between elevated CPt and the accuracy of pharmacodynamics was analyzed. The RI of CPt/CP0 was 22.7%‐152.1%; 1.5 × baseline might be a ceiling for the increase in CPt under stable conditions. The maximum glucose infusion rate (GIR) in group A tended to be higher than that in group B or C (Pfor trend = 0.033). The AUCGIR,0‐10h in groups A, B, and C was 1983 ± 650,1682 ± 454, and 1479 ± 440 mg/kg (P = 0.047), respectively, under comparable IAsp exposure. No intergroup difference was detected in clamped glucose, IAsp dose, or body mass index. In conclusion, postdosing C‐peptide over 1.5× baseline indicates insufficient inhibition of endogenous insulin secretion, which could compromise the pharmacodynamics of insulin preparations.