bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on the hematological parameters of a temperate catshark
Authors: Pegado Maria Rita , Santos Catarina P. , Pimentel Marta , Cyrne Ricardo , Paulo Maria , Maulvaut Ana Luísa , Raffoul Dayanne , Diniz Mário , Bispo Regina , Rosa Rui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 levels have been rising due to an increase in anthropic activities and its implications over marine ecosystems are unprecedented. The present study focused on the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on key hematological parameters of the juvenile small‐spotted catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula). Eggs were reared throughout the entire embryogenesis (~4 months) plus 5 additional months, in two experimental treatments (control: pCO2 ~ 400 μatm; and high CO2: pCO2 ~ 900 μatm, Δ −0.3 pH units). After blood collection, the following hematological parameters were evaluated: (a) normal blood cells count (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes), (b) presence of erythrocytes with nuclear abnormalities, and (c) erythrocyte nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio. Concomitantly, to determine the cardiac and hematopoietic conditions, the spleen and heart to body ratios were also assessed. The present findings indicate that the measured variables may not be affected by elevated pCO2 in this temperate species, as no significant differences were observed between treatments across all the endpoints tested. Nonetheless, it is worth mentioning a decreasing trend observed in a number of thrombocytes associated with OA, which should foster further investigation, regarding other aspects of their coagulation response. Along with OA, other stressors are expected to impact marine life, such as warming and hypoxia. Thus, future research should aim to investigate the cumulative effect of these stressors on hematological parameters in sharks.
Hemispheric Lateralization of Auditory Working Memory Regions During Stochastic Resonance: An fMRI Study
Authors: Othman Elza Azri , Yusoff Ahmad Nazlim , Mohamad Mazlyfarina , Abdul Manan Hanani , Abd Hamid Aini Ismafairus , Giampietro Vincent 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe auditory and prefrontal cortex supports auditory working memory processing. Many neuroimaging studies have shown hemispheric lateralization of auditory working memory brain regions in the presence of background noise, but few studies have focused on the lateralization of these regions during stochastic resonance.PurposeTo investigate the effects of stochastic resonance on lateralization of auditory working memory regions, and also to examine the brain‐behavior relationship during stochastic resonance.Study TypeCross‐sectional.Population/SubjectsForty healthy young adults (18–24 years old).Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, T1, and T2*‐weighted imaging.AssessmentThe auditory working memory performance was assessed using a backward recall task. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity during task performance. Functional MRI data were analyzed using SPM12 and WFU PickAtlas.Statistical TestsOne‐way independent analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted on the behavioral and functional data to examine the main effect of noise level on performance (P < 0.01) and brain activity (P < 0.0042). Hemispheric lateralization was determined by calculating the laterality index. A paired samples t‐test was performed to compare brain activity between hemispheres (P < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis and simple linear regression (P < 0.0042) were used to examine the relationship between brain activity and behavioral performance.ResultsPerformance was significantly enhanced during the 50 and 55 dB sound pressure level (SPL) conditions via the stochastic resonance mechanism [F(1,195) = 49.17, P < 0.001]. Activity of the right superior frontal gyrus in the 55 dB SPL condition was significantly positively correlated with performance (R2 = 0.681, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionOur findings demonstrate changes in the lateralization of auditory working memory regions during stochastic resonance and suggest that the right superior frontal gyrus may be a strategic structure involved in the enhancement of auditory working memory performance.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1821–1828.
Fragmented QRS and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in individuals with preserved ejection fraction: A speckle‐tracking echocardiographic study
Authors: Dehghani Mohammad Reza , Rostamzadeh Alireza , Abbasnezhad Ali , Shariati Akram , Nejatisafa Saeid , Rezaei Yousef 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionFragmented QRS (fQRS) complex on routine 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) predicts adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it has been found to be associated with subclinical myocardial dysfunction in chronic diseases. We sought to investigate the relationship between the presence of fQRS with the myocardial functions in individuals free from known systemic cardiovascular diseases.MethodsIn a case‐control study, we evaluated normal individuals from March 2017 to February 2018. All participants underwent a 2‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic examination using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and speckle‐tracking echocardiography. In addition, all participants were examined using a 12‐lead surface ECG, and patients with fQRS and a group of age‐ and sex‐matched controls without fQRS were enrolled in our study.ResultsThe patients' mean age was 40.3 ± 10.7 and 35.4 ± 11.2 years in fQRS‐positive and fQRS‐negative groups, respectively (P = .110). Patients with fQRS had significantly lower values of apical left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) in 2‐chamber (16.9 ± 2.5 vs. 20.5 ± 3.3, P < .001), 4‐chamber (16.9 ± 3.4 vs. 20.1 ± 3, P = .001), LAX views (17.7 ± 2.8 vs. 20.8 ± 3.5, P = .001), and averaged LV GLS (17 ± 2.6 vs. 20.4 ± 2.7, P < .001) values compared to patients without fQRS. In a multivariate analysis, averaged LV GLS and smoking history were independent predictors for positive fQRS.ConclusionThe presence of fQRS on 12‐lead ECG in healthy population was associated with lower values of LV GLS compared to normal individuals without fQRS.
In Vitro‐Induced High Sugar Environments Deteriorate Human Cortical Bone Elastic Modulus and Fracture Toughness
Authors: Merlo Kelly , Aaronson Jacob , Vaidya Rachana , Rezaee Taraneh , Chalivendra Vijaya , Karim Lamya 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) have been suggested to contribute to bone fragility in type 2 diabetes (T2D). AGEs can be induced through in vitro sugar incubations but there is limited data on the effect of total fluorescent AGEs on mechanical properties of human cortical bone, which may have altered characteristics in T2D. Thus, to examine the effect of AGEs on bone directly in T2D patients with uncontrolled sugar levels, it is essential to first understand the fundamental mechanisms by studying the effects of controlled in vitro‐induced AGEs on cortical bone mechanical behavior. Here, human cortical bone specimens from female cadaveric tibias (ages 57–87) were incubated in an in vitro 0.6 M ribose or vehicle solution (n = 20/group) for 10 days at 37°C, their mechanical properties were assessed by microindentation and fracture toughness tests, and induced AGE levels were quantified through a fluorometric assay. Results indicated that ribose‐incubated bone had significantly more AGEs (+81%, p ≤ 0.005), lower elastic modulus assessed by traditional microindentation, and lower fracture toughness compared with vehicle controls. Furthermore, based on pooled data, increased AGEs were significantly correlated with deteriorated mechanical properties. The findings presented here show that the accumulation of AGEs allows for lower stiffness and increased ability to initiate a crack in human cortical bone. Statement of clinical significance: High sugar levels as in T2D results in deteriorated bone quality via AGE accumulation with a consequent weakening in bone's mechanical integrity. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:972‐983, 2020
Plexciton for surface enhanced Raman scattering and emission
Authors: Feng Yanting , Gao Man , Wang Yu , Meng Lingyan , Sun Mengtao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlexcitons are polaritonic modes that result from coherently coupled plasmons and excitons. Far‐ and near‐field properties of Ag/semiconductor core–shell nanoparticles on silica‐coated silver substrate were theoretically studied, using finite‐difference time‐domain method. Our calculations suggested that titanium dioxide (TiO2) would be a better coating material, useful for the design of high‐sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The calculated Raman enhancement factor could be turned to as high as 4.0 × 1010 under the 633‐nm laser excitation. Surface plasmon‐coupled emission of SERS reveals an optimal collection angle of 5°, which shows a huge back scattering of the studied system. Our theoretical results could be used as a reference for the experimental design of semiconductor‐based SERS substrate with high efficiency.
Injection Molded Strong Polypropylene Composite Foam Reinforced with Rubber and Talc
Authors: Zhao Jinchuan , Zhao Qingliang , Wang Guilong , Wang Chongda , Park Chul B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLightweight plastic foams are of great significance for saving resources and reducing energy consumption. Foam injection molding (FIM) shows a promising future to provide lightweight and shape‐complex plastic components. However, it is still challenging to produce lightweight and strong polypropylene (PP) foams by FIM due to PP's poor foaming ability. Herein, rubber and talc are employed to improve PP's foaming ability, and hence to enhance PP foam's mechanical properties. Due to the significantly enhanced rheological properties, injection molded PP composite foam exhibits greatly refined and homogenized cellular structure compared with pure PP foam. Thanks to rubber toughening effect and improved cellular morphology, PP/rubber foam shows much higher ductility than pure PP foam. Moreover, talc particles lead to remarkably enhanced rigidity of PP/rubber foams. Thus, lightweight and strong PP/rubber/talc composite foam is achieved with tensile toughness increased by 82.58% and impact strength increased by 106.21%, and they show broad industrial application prospects.
Effectiveness of Venting and Descender Devices at Increasing Rates of Postrelease Survival of Black Sea Bass
Authors: Rudershausen P. J. , Runde B. J. , Buckel J. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We tested the ability of venting and descender (recompression) devices to increase the relative survival of released Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata, a physoclistous reef species with high discard rates in hook-and-line fisheries that operate in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. We caught fish via hook and line from waters that were 38 m deep, a depth where Black Sea Bass often exhibit signs of barotrauma and may be unable to submerge after release. Fish were conventionally tagged and vented with either an 11-gauge cannula or a 16-gauge needle, descended using a descender (recompression) device, or released as tagged controls (no venting or recompression). Tests of independence were used to determine the relationship between submergence and treatment (excluding recompressed fish) as well as between submergence and tag return rate. Tag-recapture data were used to inform a Cox proportional hazards model that evaluated the survival of fish treated with each experimental device relative to the control group. A significantly greater proportion of fish submerged when treated with either venting device relative to the controls, and the fish that submerged had a greater proportion of tag returns relative to those that did not submerge. Venting and recompression increased postrelease survival compared with the controls. The results provide guidance to managers who seek methods to reduce discard mortality rates in hook-and-line fisheries for this important species. Future studies should examine the use of these devices at a range of depths to determine their effectiveness.
Indolent course of brainstem tumors with K27M‐H3.3 mutation
Authors: Baroni Lorena V. , Solano‐Paez Palma , Nobre Liana , Michaeli Orli , Hawkins Cynthia , Laughlin Suzanne , Bartels Ute , Ramaswamy Vijay , Bouffet Eric 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is characterized by a short history of brainstem symptoms and well‐known magnetic resonance imaging features with a fatal outcome. However, we report three unusual cases of brainstem tumors with an initial indolent and protracted course, which subsequently developed the classical imaging and clinical features of DIPG. Our findings support this notion that K27M is an early event in development and suggest that the emergence of additional events resulted in rapid progression after a long period of latency. Identification of such markers of aggressive behavior in the context of an indolent course is needed for better characterization and treatment management.
Investigation of segmental reorganization within amphiphilic block polymer nanoparticles derived from shell crosslinked micelle templates: Shell crosslinked knedel‐like inversion
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wooley Karen L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe construction of nanoscopic materials by synthetic methodologies that iterate covalent and supramolecular interactions has been developed over the past three decades as a powerful method to afford complex functional materials. Indeed, the present study was nearly lost in the archives of dissertation research completed in 2001, which revealed nanoscale conformational dynamics in the segmental reorganization, and partial inversion, of topologically shell crosslinked knedel‐like (SCK) nanoparticles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 204–214
Combinatorial functionalization with bisurea‐peptides and antifouling bisurea additives of a supramolecular elastomeric biomaterial
Authors: Ippel Bastiaan D. , Arts Boris , Keizer Henk M. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe bioactive additive toolbox to functionalize supramolecular elastomeric materials expands rapidly. Here we have set an explorative step toward screening of complex combinatorial functionalization with antifouling and three peptide‐containing additives in a bisurea‐based supramolecular system. Thorough investigation of surface properties of thin films with contact angle measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, was correlated to cell‐adhesion of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to apprehend their respective predictive values for functional biomaterial development. Peptides were presented at the surface alone, and in combinatorial functionalization with the oligo(ethylene glycol)‐based non‐cell adhesive additive. The bisurea‐RGD additive was cell‐adhesive in all conditions, whereas the endothelial cell‐specific bisurea‐REDV showed limited bioactive properties in all chemical nano‐environments. Also, aspecific functionality was observed for a bisurea‐SDF1α peptide. These results emphasize that special care should be taken in changing the chemical nano‐environment with peptide functionalization. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1725–1735
Respiratory medication use in extremely premature (<29 weeks) infants during initial NICU hospitalization: Results from the prematurity and respiratory outcomes program
Authors: Greenberg James M. , Poindexter Brenda B. , Shaw Pamela A. , Bellamy Scarlett L. , Keller Roberta L. , Moore Paul E. , McPherson Christopher , Ryan Rita M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of medications to treat respiratory conditions of extreme prematurity is often based upon studies of adults or children over 2 years of age. Little is known about the spectrum of medications used or dosing ranges. To inform the design of future studies, we conducted a prospective analysis of respiratory medication exposure among 832 extremely low gestational age neonates.MethodsThe prematurity and respiratory outcomes program (PROP) enrolled neonates less than 29‐week gestation from 6 centers incorporating 13 clinical sites. We collected recorded daily “respiratory” medications given along with dosing information through 40‐week postmenstrual age or neonatal intensive care unit discharge if earlier.ResultsPROP participants were exposed to a wide range of respiratory medications, often at doses beyond published recommendations. Nearly 50% received caffeine and furosemide beyond published recommendations for cumulative dose. Those who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia were more likely to receive treatment with respiratory medications. However, more than 30% of PROP subjects that did not develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia also were treated with diuretics, systemic steroids, and other respiratory medications.ConclusionExtremely preterm neonates in PROP were exposed to high doses of medications at levels known to generate significant adverse effects. With limited evidence for efficacy, there is an urgent need for controlled trials in this vulnerable patient population.
Removing cadmium from aqueous solutions utilizing agricultural wastes
Authors: Rizzuti Anthony M. , Orr Isheka S. , Wilson Kasey A. , Cosme Latoya W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the cadmium (Cd) biosorption capacities of several agricultural wastes from aqueous solutions. Samples were tested unaltered and after hydrochloric acid treatment. Additional parameters tested include sample dose, contact time, particle size, mixing temperature, and the concentrations and pH of the Cd solutions. Desorption studies were performed to determine if the removed Cd could be recovered. In addition, tests were conducted to determine if the agricultural waste samples (AWS) could be reused for additional Cd biosorption cycles. The results of this study demonstrate a wide range of Cd biosorption proficiencies ranging from 33 to 100% removal. The parameters that resulted in higher Cd removal include higher sample dose, higher pH, and lower Cd solution concentration. Desorption results showed a 36–56% Cd recovery rate. Reused AWS were effective at removing Cd during subsequent trials. Therefore, all AWS types tested in this study can be reused for additional Cd biosorption cycles. Hence, it is possible that using AWS for metal treatment could reduce hazardous waste disposal inefficiencies and costs by avoiding disposing of spent AWS following each Cd biosorption cycle.
Allocating cleanup costs among potentially responsible parties
Authors: Ram Neil M. , Schneider Mark W. , Gerbig Chase A. , Nevins Nancy , Love Adam H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAllocating costs for hazardous waste site cleanup among potentially responsible parties is unique to the specific circumstances, history, and data for the site. As such, distinct technical approaches are often needed considering the Gore and Torres factors to develop an overall allocation. These factors include both technical and nontechnical considerations that the trier of fact must weigh to arrive at the overall allocation. This article reviews the legal and technical framework in allocating cleanup costs at hazardous waste sites and presents several case histories illustrating the integration of fact, science and law in the final allocation.
Synthesis, Bioactivity and Mechanical Stability of Mg/Ca Silicate Biocomposites Developed for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Venkatraman Senthil Kumar , Swamiappan Sasikumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBioceramics used in hard tissue engineering applications should primarily meet the criteria of mechanical strength and apatite mineralisation of natural bone. In such a scenario, designing of bioceramic composites is inevitable as calcium silicates possess good apatite deposition ability and magnesium silicates show excellent mechanical stability. The present study investigates the influence of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions of the bioceramics on bioactivity and mechanical strength. Binary silicates such as wollastonite (CaSiO3), enstatite (MgSiO3) and forsterite (Mg2SiO4) were prepared by sol‐gel combustion technique. Functional group identification and phase formation of the silicate materials were analysed by FT‐IR and X‐ray diffraction studies respectively. Furthermore, apatite mineralisation ability and mechanical strength of wollastonite were evaluated. Influence of wollastonite on the bioactivity of both enstatite and forsterite was also investigated. The obtained results conferred that the wollastonite possesses good apatite formation ability, moderate resorbability and low mechanical strength. The composites of wollastonite show improvement in the enstatite with respect to bioactivity and in forsterite with respect to superior mechanical properties.
Programming Multistationarity in Chemical Replication Networks
Authors: Wagner Nathaniel , Mukherjee Rakesh , Maity Indrajit , Kraun Sagi , Ashkenasy Gonen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSystems Chemistry generates platforms for studying the emergence of function in networks operating far from equilibrium. In this area, we have previously used experiments and simulations towards characterization and manipulation of small peptide‐based networks, driven by reversible self‐replication processes, that exhibit bistability. We now show how coupling two such networks, each exhibiting bistability, yields new dynamic systems that reach multiple (up to four) steady states. Furthermore, we demonstrate how such multistationarity, rarely analyzed before, can be systematically programmed and tuned. Our results suggest that the key to mimic biological complexification lies not only in the applied network size, the number of molecules involved, or even in the emergence of elaborate structures, but also in the network nature and topology.
An international perspective of the business incubators' perception about business model canvas for startups
Authors: Carvalho Luísa , Galina Simone , Sánchez‐Hernández M. Isabel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work aims to approach the reasons for Business Incubators (BINCs) to replace Business Plan by Business Model Canvas (BMC) for creating and accelerating the startup process. The main value of this study lies in its empirical appliance to test the adoption of business modeling for startups in two different entrepreneurial ecosystems. A qualitative approach has been used in analyzing two case‐studies, one from Brazil (Supera) and the other from Portugal (Fabrica). The method used was inquiring into the managers' impressions when helping to create startups and accelerating their development. The analysis was based on the data obtained from interviews and secondary data through a content analysis technique supported by ATLAS ti 7.0 software. The findings highlight how the use of BMC is bringing real opportunities for the development of nascent businesses. Furthermore, the perceptions of the BINCs studied suggest the adequacy of this model to startups due to their flexibility, user‐friendliness, and capability to manage innovation, communicate, and share business logic.