bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Thai Translation of the Pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine Tool is Useful for Pediatric Residents in Detecting Musculoskeletal Abnormalities in Children
Authors: Sukharomana Maynart , Charuvanij Sirirat 
Published: April 2020

Background
The pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine (pGALS) tool is used to screen musculoskeletal (MSK) abnormalities in children. This study aimed to evaluate the application of the Thai translation of pGALS tool in outpatient clinical settings.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included patients aged 4 to 16 years, recruited from the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Pediatric residents performed the Thai pGALS tool, and a pediatric rheumatologist performed the MSK examination.

Results
One hundred Thai patients were enrolled with a mean age of 9.87 ± 3.01 years. Forty percent of patients had MSK complaints. The median duration of the assessment was 3.96 minutes (interquartile range, 2.07–5.84 minutes). Abnormal pGALS examination by pediatric residents was found in 43 patients, all of which had abnormal MSK examination by a pediatric rheumatologist. Seventeen patients did not have abnormal pGALS examination by pediatric residents, but had abnormal MSK examination confirmed by a pediatric rheumatologist; these patients all had noninflammatory/mechanical conditions. The 3 screening questions of the Thai pGALS tool had a sensitivity and specificity of 71.67% and 77.5%, respectively; the examination had a sensitivity and specificity of 74.14% and 100%, respectively. For acceptability, 99% of parents and 89% of patients reported no discomfort. For practicality, 99% of parents and 89% of patients reported the highest level of practicality.

Conclusions
The Thai pGALS tool is useful for MSK screening in children performed by pediatric residents in outpatient clinical settings. Adding maneuvers to the pGALS examination to detect more common noninflammatory MSK conditions would be beneficial.
What Messages About Osteoporosis Are Offered in Spanish Videos on YouTube?
Authors: Tejada-Llacsa Paul J. , Díaz-Sánchez Paquita Crismalú , Villagaray-Pacheco Nicole Ingrid , Meregildo-Silverio Maxi Ruth , Cabello-León Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the appropriateness of messages on osteoporosis in Spanish videos posted on YouTube.

Methods
YouTube Spanish language videos on osteoporosis were evaluated. The main variable was the presence of appropriate messages related to osteoporosis. The content was evaluated through a checklist based on available guidelines and reviewed by an expert (E.C.L.). The evaluation was performed twice independently for each video. A discussion of discordant messages was made with the expert. Other variables included were number of views, comments, “likes,” and “dislikes”; the total duration of the video; and their source (health professionals and non–health professionals). Bivariate analysis between health professionals and non–health professionals were performed using the Mann-Whitney U and the χ2 tests.

Results
A total of 148 videos were reviewed. The median appropriate score for all videos was 5 (p25: 3, p75: 9) (maximum possible, 29 points). Seventy-three (49%) videos had a health professional as source, 124 (83.8%) mentioned at least one message in the definition area, 99 (66.9%) in the area of diagnosis, 99 (66.9%) in the area of recommendations, 43 (29.1%) in the area of treatment, and 5 (3.4%) in follow-up. The most frequent message was “risk of fracture” (68.9%).

Conclusions
The content of osteoporosis information found in YouTube was generally incomplete and inaccurate. The content of these videos should include treatment and preventive strategies.
Rosai-Dorfman Disease Presenting as a Pulmonary Artery Mass on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hou Guozhu , Chen Kailin , Jiang Yuanyuan , Cheng Wuying , Li Fang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an uncommon histiocytic disorder typically involving the lymph nodes and occasionally manifests as extranodal disease. Extranodal RDD involving pulmonary artery without lymphadenopathy or other extranodal lesions is very rare. We present the case of a 48-year-old woman complaining of shortness of breath on exertion for 6 months. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed a pulmonary artery mass with intense FDG avidity. No other abnormal FDG-avid lesion was observed. The pulmonary artery mass was then surgically removed, and the pathological and immunohistochemical results confirmed RDD.
18F-FDG PET/CT Brain in a Case of Agrammatic/Nonfluent Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (Broca’s Aphasia)
Authors: Kousik Vankadari , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Kumar Rajender , Singh Harmandeep , Goyal Manoj 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia is a neurodegenerative variant of frontotemporal lobe degeneration presenting with isolated selective impairment of language domain, not secondarily due to stroke. We present a case of middle-aged female patient who underwent 18F-FDG PET of the brain for evaluating progressively declining speaking ability associated with altered fluency of speech and occasional mutism. 18F-FDG PET revealed asymmetric hypometabolism involving the left inferior frontal gyrus along with left anterior cingulate gyrus suggestive of Broca's aphasia.
Racial inequality in the trauma of women: A disproportionate decade
Authors: Izadi Shawn N. , Patel Niral , Fofana Demba , Paredes Anghela Z. , Snyder Samuel K. , Torres-Reveron Annelyn , Skubic Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND
Historically, women have been largely underrepresented in the body of medical research. Given the paucity of data regarding race and trauma in women, we aimed to evaluate the most common types of traumas incurred by women and analyze temporal racial differences.

METHODS
A 10-year review (2007–2016) of the National Trauma Data Bank was conducted to identify common mechanisms of injuries among women. Trends of race, intent of injury, and firearm-related assaults were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage Trend test. Multivariable multinomial logistic regressions were utilized to examine the association between race and trauma subtypes.

RESULTS
Of the 2,082,768 women identified as a trauma during this study period, the majority presented due to an unintentional intent (94.5%), whereas fewer presented secondary to an assault (4.4%) or self-inflicted injury (1.1%). While racioethnic minority women encompassed a small percentage of total traumas (19%), they accounted for roughly three fifths of assault-related traumas (p < 0.001). Though total assaults decreased by 20.8% during the study period, black and Hispanic women saw a disproportionately smaller decrease of 15.1% and 15.8%, respectively. On regression analysis, compared with white women, black women had more than four times the odds of being an assault-related trauma compared with unintentional trauma (odds ratio, 4.48; 95% confidence interval, 4.41–4.55). On subset analysis, firearm-related assault was 17.3 times more prevalent among black women (white, 0.3% vs. black: 5.2%; p < 0.001). In fact, history of alcohol abuse was found to be an effect modifier of the association of race/ethnicity and firearm-related trauma.

CONCLUSION
Compelling data highlight a disproportionate trend in the assault-related trauma of minority women. Specifically, minority women, especially those with a history of alcohol abuse, were at increased risk of being involved in a firearm assault. Further studies are essential to help mitigate disparities and subsequently develop preventative services for this diverse population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiological, Level III.
Aerosol-spread during chest compressions in a cadaver model
Authors: Ott Matthias , Milazzo Alfio , Liebau Stefan , Jaki Christina , Schilling Tobias , Krohn Alexander , Heymer Johannes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate aerosol-spread in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using different methods of airway management. Knowledge about aerosol-spread is vital during the SARS-CoV-2-Pandemic.MethodsTo evaluate feasibility we nebulized ultraviolet sensitive detergents into the artificial airway of a resuscitation dummy and performed CPR. The spread of the visualized aerosol was documented by a camera. In a second approach we applied nebulized detergents into human cadavers by an endotracheal tube and detected aerosol-spread during chest compressions the same way. We did recordings with undergoing compression-only-CPR, with a surgical mask and with an inserted laryngeal tube with and without a connected airway filter.ResultsMost aerosol-spread at the direction of the provider was visualized during compression-only-CPR. The use of a surgical mask deflected the spread. Inserting a laryngeal tube connected to an airway filter lead to a remarkable reduction of aerosol-spread.ConclusionThe early insertion of a laryngeal tube connected to an airway filter before starting chest compression may be good for two things – the treatment of hypoxemia as the likeliest cause of cardiac arrest and for staff protection during CPR.
Indomethacin has a potent antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 in vitro and canine coronavirus in vivo
Authors: Xu Tianhong , Gao Xuejuan , Wu Zengbin , Selinger Douglas W. , Zhou Zichen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of SARS CoV-2 has caused ever-increasing attention and public panic all over the world. Currently, there is no specific treatment against the SARS CoV-2. Therefore, identifying effective antiviral agents to combat the disease is urgently needed. Previous studies found that indomethacin has the ability to inhibit the replication of several unrelated DNA and RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV.MethodsSARS CoV-2 pseudovirus-infected African green monkey kidney VERO E6 cells treated with different concentrations of indomethacin or aspirin at 48 hours post infection (p.i). The level of cell infection was determined by luciferase activity. Anti-coronavirus efficacy in vivo was confirmed by evaluating the time of recovery in canine coronavirus (CCV) infected dogs treated orally with 1mg/kg body weight indomethacin.ResultsWe found that indomethacin has a directly and potently antiviral activity against the SARS CoV-2 pseudovirus (reduce relative light unit to zero). In CCV-infected dogs, recovery occurred significantly sooner with symptomatic treatment + oral indomethacin (1 mg/kg body weight) daily treatments than with symptomatic treatment + ribavirin (10-15 mg/kg body weight) daily treatments (P =0.0031), but was not significantly different from that with symptomatic treatment + anti-canine coronavirus serum + canine hemoglobin + canine blood immunoglobulin + interferon treatments (P =0.7784).ConclusionThe results identify indomethacin as a potent inhibitor of SARS CoV-2.
Mapping the needs and psychological outcomes of Slovenian adolescent and young adult cancer patients: An exploratory mixed-methods study
Authors: Košir Urška , Roškar Sanja , Wild Jennifer , Bowes Lucy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesBaseline data from an ongoing online longitudinal survey were analysed. Three objectives guided our analyses: 1) to describe the self-reported levels of psychological distress among young Slovenian cancer patients and compare it to an international sample, 2) to describe the subjective illness experience of young Slovenian patients, and 3) to highlight areas for improvement in holistic care.MethodSeventy-nine participants, aged 19 - 39 years, answered questionnaires about anxiety, depression, mental defeat, cancer worry, and their experience of learning the diagnosis and being treated. We used visualizations to demonstrate the relationship between anxiety and depression. The qualitative responses were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.ResultsTwenty-eight (35%) participants scored in the clinical range for anxiety and fifteen (19%) for depression. Cancer-related worry was common (85% reported at least one worry). Mental defeat was positively associated with measures of psychological distress. Those who felt negative about learning their diagnosis emphasized the need for more time, empathy, and dignity. Psychological support during illness was seen as crucial.ConclusionAnxiety and depression remain a problem for a subset of patients. Medical professionals working with young people with cancer should encourage a warm atmosphere as they attend to patients’ needs and concerns.
Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19; a Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khalili Malahat , Karamouzian Mohammad , Nasiri Naser , Javadi Sara , Mirzazadeh Ali , Sharifi Hamid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur understanding of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to evolve. However, there are many unknowns about its epidemiology.PurposeTo synthesize the number of deaths from confirmed COVID-19 cases, incubation period, as well as time from onset of COVID-19 symptoms to first medical visit, ICU admission, recovery and death of COVID-19.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar from December 01, 2019 through to March 11, 2020 without language restrictions as well as bibliographies of relevant articles.Study SelectionQuantitative studies that recruited people living with or died due to COVID-19.Data ExtractionTwo independent reviewers extracted the data. Conflicts were resolved through discussion with a senior author.Data SynthesisOut of 1675 non-duplicate studies identified, 57 were included. Pooled mean incubation period was 5.84 (99% CI: 4.83, 6.85) days. Pooled mean number of days from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms to first clinical visit was 4.82 (95% CI: 3.48, 6.15), ICU admission was 10.48 (95% CI: 9.80, 11.16), recovery was 17.76 (95% CI: 12.64, 22.87), and until death was 15.93 (95% CI: 13.07, 18.79). Pooled probability of COVID-19-related death was 0.02 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.03).LimitationsStudies are observational and findings are mainly based on studies that recruited patient from clinics and hospitals and so may be biased toward more severe cases.ConclusionWe found that the incubation period and lag between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 is longer than other respiratory viral infections including MERS and SARS; however, the current policy of 14 days of mandatory quarantine for everyone might be too conservative. Longer quarantine periods might be more justified for extreme cases.FundingNone.Protocol registrationOpen Science Framework: https://osf.io/a3k94/
Inflow restrictions can prevent epidemics when contact tracing efforts are effective but have limited capacity
Authors: Malmberg Hannes , Britton Tom 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhen a region tries to prevent an outbreak of an epidemic, like that of COVID-19, two broad strategies are initially available: limiting the inflow of infected cases using travel restrictions and quarantines, and reducing the transmissions from inflowing cases using contact tracing and community interventions. A large number of papers have used epidemiological models to argue that inflow restrictions are unlikely to be effective. We conduct a mathematical analysis using a simple epidemiological model and perform simulations which show how this conclusion changes if we relax the assumption of unlimited capacity in containment efforts such as contact tracing. In particular, when contact tracing is effective, but the system is close to being overwhelmed, moderate travel restrictions can have a very large effect on the probability of an epidemic.
Energetics based epitope screening in SARS CoV-2 (COVID 19) spike glycoprotein by Immuno-informatic analysis aiming to a suitable vaccine development
Authors: Banerjee Amrita , Santra Dipannita , Maiti Smarajit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe recent outbreak by SARS-CoV-2 has generated a chaos in global health and economy and claimed/infected a large number of lives. Closely resembling with SARS CoV, the present strain has manifested exceptionally higher degree of spreadability, virulence and stability possibly due to some unidentified mutations. The viral spike glycoprotein is very likely to interact with host Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmits its genetic materials and hijacks host machinery with extreme fidelity for self propagation. Few attempts have been made to develop a suitable vaccine or ACE2 blocker or virus-receptor inhibitor within this short period of time. Here, attempt was taken to develop some therapeutic and vaccination strategies with a comparison of spike glycoproteins among SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the SARS-CoV-2. We verified their structure quality (SWISS-MODEL, Phyre2, Pymol) topology (ProFunc), motifs (MEME Suite, GLAM2Scan), gene ontology based conserved domain (InterPro database) and screened several epitopes (SVMTrip) of SARS CoV-2 based on their energetics, IC50 and antigenicity with regard to their possible glycosylation and MHC/paratopic binding (Vaxigen v2.0, HawkDock, ZDOCK Server) effects. We screened here few pairs of spike protein epitopic regions and selected their energetic, IC50, MHC II reactivity and found some of those to be very good target for vaccination. A possible role of glycosylation on epitopic region showed profound effects on epitopic recognition. The present work might be helpful for the urgent development of a suitable vaccination regimen against SARS CoV-2.
One-step RNA extraction for RT-qPCR detection of 2019-nCoV
Authors: Sentmanat Monica , Kouranova Evguenia , Cui Xiaoxia 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems as the virus spread from the initial 27 reported cases in the city of Wuhan, China to a global pandemic in under three month[1]. Resources essential to monitoring virus transmission have been challenged with a demand for expanded surveillance. The CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time Diagnostic Panel uses a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) consisting of two TaqMan probe and primer sets specific for the 2019-nCoV N gene, which codes for the nucleocapsid structural protein that encapsulates viral RNA, for the qualitative detection of 2019-nCoV viral RNA in respiratory samples. To isolate RNA from respiratory samples, the CDC lists RNA extraction kits from four manufacturers. In anticipation of a limited supply chain of RNA extraction kits and the need for test scalability, we sought to identify alternative RNA extraction methods. Here we show that direct lysis of respiratory samples can be used in place of RNA extraction kits to run the CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time Diagnostic assay with the additional benefits of higher throughput, lower cost, faster turnaround and possibly higher sensitivity and improved safety.
Increased adiposity is protective for breast and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomisation study using up to 132,413 breast cancer cases and 85,907 prostate cancer cases
Authors: Amin H. A. , Kaewsri P. , Yiorkas A. M. , Cooke H. , Blakemore A. I. , Drenos F. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundBreast and prostate cancer are the first and second most common types of cancer in women and men, respectively. A recent campaign by Cancer Research UK emphasised obesity as being a causal risk factor for cancer, although previously published evidence is heterogenous. We aimed to explore the causal effect of adiposity on breast and prostate cancer risk in the UK Biobank (UKB), a large prospective cohort study, and published data.MethodsWe used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to assess the causal effect of body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on breast and prostate cancer risk.ResultsWe obtained estimates (odds ratios, OR, per SD unit increase) of the causal effect of the adiposity measures on breast and prostate cancer risk. BMI and HC decrease the risk of breast cancer (OR 0.776 [95% CIs 0.661-0.91] and OR 0.781 [95% CIs 0.649-0.94], respectively). WC, BFP, and BMI decrease the risk of prostate cancer (OR 0.602 [95% CIs 0.439-0.825], OR 0.629 [95% CIs 0.414-0.956], and OR 0.695 [95% CIs 0.553-0.874], respectively). The protective effect of adiposity on prostate cancer risk is enhanced in men who are exposed to potentially hazardous substances at work, and the association between BMI and breast cancer is confounded by variables associated with general health.ConclusionsIn conclusion, increasing adiposity is causally protective for breast and prostate cancer and the effects in prostate cancer may, at least partly, be due to the safe storage of chemicals in adipose cells. It is necessary to explore the mechanisms through which adiposity may protect against or be a risk factor for cancer, to identify how the latter can be minimised without sacrificing the former, and to base public health campaigns around sound evidence.HIGHLIGHTSPreviously published evidence regarding the effect of adiposity on prostate and breast cancer risk is heterogenousIncreasing BMI and hip circumference decrease the risk of breast cancer in womenIncreasing waist circumference, body fat percentage, and BMI decrease the risk of prostate cancerThe protective effect of adiposity on prostate cancer is stronger in men who are exposed to carcinogens at workPublic health campaigns need to target the negative aspects of adiposity whilst preserving the positive aspects
Why COVID-19 models should incorporate the network of social interactions
Authors: Herrmann Helena A. , Schwartz Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is overwhelming many health-care systems. As a result, epidemiological models are being used to inform policy on how to effectively deal with this pandemic. The majority of existing models assume random diffusion but do not take into account differences in the amount of interactions between individuals, i.e. the underlying human interaction network, whose structure is known to be scale-free. Here, we demonstrate how this network of interactions can be used to predict the spread of the virus and to inform policy on the most successful mitigation and suppression strategies. Using stochastic simulations in a scale-free network, we show that the epidemic can propagate for a long time at a low level before the number of infected individuals suddenly increases markedly, and that this increase occurs shortly after the first hub is infected. We further demonstrate that mitigation strategies that target hubs are far more effective than strategies that randomly decrease the number of connections between individuals. Although applicable to infectious disease modelling in general, our results emphasize how network science can improve the predictive power of current COVID-19 epidemiological models.
COVID-19 Outbreak in Oman: Model-Driven Impact Analysis and Challenges
Authors: Zia Kashif , Farooq Umar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMotivated by the rapid spread of COVID-19 all across the globe, we have performed simulations of a system dynamic epidemic spread model in different possible situations. The simulation, not only captures the model dynamic of the spread of the virus, but also, takes care of population and mobility data. The model is calibrated based on epidemic data and events specifically of Sultanate of Oman, which can easily be generalized. The simulation results are quite disturbing, indicating that, during a process of stringent social distancing and testing strategies, a small perturbation can lead to quite undesirable outcomes. The simulation results, although consistent in expected outcomes across changing parameters’ values, also indicate a substantial mismatch with real numbers. An analysis of what can be the reason of this mismatch is also performed. Within these contradictions, for Oman, regarding the eradication of epidemic, the future is not extremely alarming.