bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epitaxy Enhancement of Piezoelectric Properties in P(VDF‐TrFE) Copolymer Films and Applications in Sensing and Energy Harvesting
Authors: Yang Jiang , Chen Qiusong , Xu Fan , Jiang Hanxiao , Liu Weilin , Zhang Xiaoqing , Jiang Zaixiu , Zhu Guodong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of wearable and flexible electronics, energy harvesting from the environment has attracted much attention. As one representative piezoelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] is an expected candidate for mechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered mechanical sensors due to its flexibility and moderate piezoelectricity. However, low crystallinity and electroactivity limit its electric performance. Controllable modulation of microstructure and crystallization is one feasible measure to enhance piezoelectric property. Here the piezoelectric properties of epitaxial P(VDF‐TrFE) films which are fabricated via removable polytetrafluoroethylene template method are reported. Piezoelectric measurement between 50 and 800 Hz presents an averaged d33 coefficient of −40.7 pC N−1 for epitaxial film, ≈61% enhancement to that of non‐epitaxial one. Transverse piezoelectric experiment indicated that epitaxy process enhanced open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current outputs. Simple piezoelectric energy harvesters are prepared by depositing both epitaxial and nonepitaxial films on flexible polyimide substrates. Epitaxial film shows a maximum generated power density of 0.118 µW cm−2 and energy conversion efficiency of 0.81%, both of which are much larger than those from nonepitaxial film (0.047 µW cm−2 and 0.30%). Piezoelectric films are used to monitor bending, punching, twisting and finger tapping operations, where epitaxial film exhibited larger open‐circuit voltage responses than nonepitaxial one.
Cropping system and landscape characteristics influence long‐term grain crop profitability
Authors: Conway L.S. , Yost M.A. , Kitchen N.R. , Sudduth K.A. , Massey R.E. , Sadler E.J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConverting from standard tillage or no‐tillage cropping systems to more conservation‐based cropping systems that include no‐tillage, cover crops, and reduced agrichemical inputs must be profitable for large‐scale adoption. Therefore, research was conducted at the central Mississippi River Basin site of the USDA Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research Network from 1996 to 2009 to determine how cropping systems, landscape position, and depth to claypan affected net economic return. Treatments consisted of three cropping systems {mulch‐till corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], MTCS; no‐till corn–soybean, NTCS; no‐till corn–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCSW)–cover crop} and three landscape positions (summit, backslope, and footslope). Within each cropping system, landscape position influenced the depth to claypan and net returns, which were greatest in the summit and footslope positions. Across landscape positions, net return for NTCS was US$252 and $119 ha−1 yr−1 greater than MTCS and NTCSW, respectively. Net return of corn in MTCS and NTCSW was negative, whereas corn in NTCS averaged $97 ha−1 yr−1. Only NTCS corn exhibited a positive linear response in net return to depth to claypan. Soybean was much more profitable than corn, and both NTCS and NTCSW soybean were less influenced by landscape position and had at least $252 ha−1 yr−1 greater return than did MTCS soybean across landscape position. Results suggest that converting from MTCS to NTCS would have large positive impacts on reducing within‐field variability and increasing profitability in the region, and modifications to the NTCSW system are needed to improve profitability.
Sleep disordered breathing in children with Down syndrome in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Diskin Catherine , McVeigh Terri P. , Cox Des W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is associated with a complex respiratory phenotype, including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The study explored parent‐reported prevalence and presentation of OSAS symptoms in children and adolescents with DS in Ireland. It also investigated treatment and compliance in those who have OSAS. A cross‐sectional survey was distributed to parents registered with Down Syndrome Ireland (DSI) (n = 1,343). Data was collated and analyzed using SPSS v23. The response rate was 393 (29%). Twenty‐one percent of parents (n = 84) reported a diagnosis of OSAS in their child. The parents of children reported as compliant with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were more likely to report a perceived benefit of treatment (p = .018). Ninety‐two percent (n = 212) of children without a formal diagnosis of OSAS had at least one symptom (median 4 symptoms) of the condition. This, the largest survey of parental reporting of OSAS or its symptoms, demonstrates a high reported prevalence of symptoms in children and adolescents with DS in Ireland without a formal diagnosis of OSAS, indicating under‐recognition. In treated patients, perception of the benefit of CPAP correlated with reported compliance, suggesting a need for tailored education.
Separating chiral isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine using chemical derivatization and differential mobility spectrometry
Authors: Campbell J. Larry , Kafle Amol , Bowman Zack , Blanc J. C. Yves Le , Liu Chang , Hopkins W. Scott 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe separation and analysis of chiral compounds, especially enantiomers, presents a great challenge to modern analytical chemistry, particularly to mass spectrometry (MS). As a result, integrated orthogonal separations, such as chiral liquid chromatography (chiral LC), gas chromatography (GC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE), are often employed to separate enantiomers prior to MS analysis. Here, we combine chemical derivatization with differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) and MS to separate and quantitate the transformed enantiomeric pairs R‐ and S‐amphetamine, as well as R‐ and S‐methamphetamine. We also demonstrate separation of these drugs by using reverse‐phase LC. However, while the LC method requires ∼5 min to provide separation, we have developed a flow‐injection analysis (FIA) method using DMS as the exclusive mode of separation (FIA‐DMS), requiring only ∼1.5 min with equivalent quantitative metrics (1‐1000 ng/mL range) to the LC method. The DMS‐based separation of each diastereomeric pair is driven by differences in binding energies between the analyte ions and the chemical modifier molecules (acetonitrile) added to the DMS environment.
Hydrothermal decomposition process of K‐feldspar in NaOH solution
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Ma Hongwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work investigates the decomposition of K‐feldspar into analcime under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. Two types of raw materials, potassic syenite powder and microcline crystal lumps, were used for hydrothermal treatment. Research techniques of minerals alteration path simulation, powder decomposition experiments, and specific observations were conducted. Results show that K‐feldspar did not alter into analcime directly under hydrothermal conditions, and instead, hydroxycancrinite was an important intermediate. Formation route of analcime from potassic syenite powder was derived as follows: syenite dissolution → hydroxycancrinite precipitation → hydroxycancrinite assembling → reversed recrystallization → analcime, where the assembling of hydroxycancrinite into analcime‐shaped spheres was the key step for analcime formation. Above all, a novel and different to natural reaction process with feldspar decomposition and analcime formation process was proposed.
In situ sol–gel synthesis of tungsten trioxide networks in polymer electrolyte: Dual‐functional solid state chromogenic smart film
Authors: Azarian Mohammad Hossein , Wootthikanokkhan Jatuphorn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe novel electro‐photochromic solid electrolyte films were successfully synthesized by in situ sol–gel synthesis of tungsten trioxide (WO3) working electrode within gelatin/lithium cosolvent system. The transparent free‐standing single‐layer film with adhesiveness and flexibility, darken significantly under the UV radiation with photo‐response time of 30 s and gradually reversed once the source of UV was blocked. Moreover, casted film on the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass showed electrochromic (EC) behavior as well in presence of ion storage counter electrode. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates the amorphous nature of an in situ synthesized gelatin‐based film. The prepared film containing 30 wt% LiClO4 and 10 wt% WO3 (sample designated as GLi30W10) shows ionic conductivity value of 1.1 × 10−4 S/cm. The EC performances of the device with the following configuration; ITO/GLi30W10/NiO/ITO, was investigated by means of UV and cyclic voltammograms. Good performances and fast electro‐response times (2 s/1 s) of the device were demonstrated with coloration efficiency of 51.54 cm2/C.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel modified with tannic acid as methylene blue adsorbent
Authors: Ning Feng , Zhang Jian , Kang Minxia , Ma Changpo , Li Hui , Qiu Zumin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work developed an effective way to improve the methylene blue (MB) adsorption performance of cellulose‐based hydrogel by modified with tannic acid (TA). HEC‐co‐p(AA‐AM)/TA hydrogel was synthesized by grafting of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) onto hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), followed by modified with TA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy manifested that AA and AM were successfully grafted onto the hydrogel, and TA was immobilized in the hydrogel. Field emission scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the hydrogel after TA modification had a homogeneous pore structure. Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface areas, total pore volume, and average pore diameters of the hydrogel are 11.821 m2g−1, 0.0641 cm3g−1, and 2.538 nm, respectively. The high swelling ratio (1179.2 g g−1in deionized water) was in favor of the MB adsorption. The results of the adsorption experiments illustrated that HEC‐co‐p(AA/AM) hydrogel had excellent MB adsorption performance. As the pH increases, the electrostatic attraction is enhanced, and the adsorption capacity is improved. The adsorption process was more fit with pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, and the maximum adsorption capacity (3438.27 mg g−1) was determined by Langmuir model. Thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy reduction. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that MB molecules were reacted with the oxygen atoms in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups by ion‐exchange. High reusability demonstrated that the hydrogel could be a potential candidate for removal cationic dye from industrial effluents.
Imaging‐Based Uveitis Surveillance in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Diagnostic Performance
Authors: Akbarali Saira , Rahi Jugnoo S. , Dick Andrew D. , Parkash Kiren , Etherton Katie , Edelsten Clive , Liu Xiaoxuan , Solebo Ameenat L. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveChildren with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) need regular examinations for uveitis to avoid visual morbidity from the most common extraarticular manifestation of disease. This study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging‐based diagnosis of uveitis.MethodsThis observational cross‐sectional study included children with and those without uveitis. The children underwent routine clinical examinations and anterior segment OCT scanning of intraocular inflammatory cells. Acceptability of image acquisition was assessed using a visual analog scale and length of time needed to acquire images. Interobserver and intraobserver variability of manual counting of acquired images (Bland‐Altman limits of agreement), correlation between imaging and routine assessment, and sensitivity and specificity of anterior segment OCT detection of active inflammation were assessed.ResultsOf the 26 children ages 3–15 years (median age 8 years) who underwent imaging, 12 had active inflammation. All patients rated the acceptability of image acquisition as at least 8.5 on a scale of 0–10. Time taken to acquire images ranged from 1.5 minutes to 22 minutes (median time 8 minutes). There was good positive correlation between clinical assessment and image‐based cell quantification (R2 = 0.63, P = 0.002). Sensitivity of anterior segment OCT manual image cell count for diagnosis of active inflammation was 92% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 62–99%), specificity was 86% (95% CI 58–98%), and negative predictive value (ruling out uveitis) was 92% (95% CI 65–99%).ConclusionNon‐contact, high‐resolution imaging for JIA uveitis surveillance is feasible, acceptable to patients, and holds the promise of transforming pediatric practice. Further work is needed to determine the analytic and clinical validity of anterior segment OCT quantification of active inflammation, and the clinical utility and cost‐effectiveness of imaging‐based disease monitoring.
Mexican Educators Survey on Anatomical Sciences Education and a Review of World Tendencies
Authors: Salinas‐Alvarez Yolanda , Quiroga‐Garza Alejandro , Martinez‐Garza Javier Humberto , Jacobo‐Baca Guillermo , Zarate‐Garza Pablo Patricio , Rodríguez‐Alanís Karla Valeria , Guzman‐Lopez Santos , Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo Enrique 
Published: September 2020

Anatomical sciences curricula have been under constant reform over the years, with many countries having to reduce course hours while trying to preserve laboratory time. In Mexico, schools have historically been autonomous and unregulated, and data regarding structure and methods are still lacking. A national survey was sent by the Mexican Society of Anatomy to 110 anatomical sciences educators. The questionnaire consisted of 50 items (open and multiple choice) for gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, neuroanatomy, and embryology courses in medical schools across Mexico. A clinical approach was the most common course approach in all disciplines. Contact course hours and laboratory hours were higher in Mexican anatomy education compared to other countries, with the highest reported contact hours for embryology (133.4 ± 44.1) and histology (125 ± 33.2). There were similar contact hours to other countries for gross anatomy (228.5 ± 60.5). Neuroanatomy course hours (43.9 ± 13.1) were less than reported by the United States and similar to Saudi Arabia and higher than the United Kingdom. Dissection and microscopy with histological slides predominate as the most common laboratory activities. Traditional methods prevail in most of the courses in Mexico and only a few educators have implemented innovative and technological tools. Implementation of new methods, approaches, and curricular changes are needed to enhance anatomical sciences education in Mexico.
Muricatacin, a Gateway Molecule to Higher Acetogenin Synthesis
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Bhowmik Amit , Choudhary Priyanka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this review, we have abstracted the various syntheses of acetogenins where the start point has been muricatacin. The latter can best be synthesized in either enantiomer form by the Sharpless method in three steps and can be admired as a gateway molecule for a quick assembly of many higher acetogenins. Muricatacin with orthogonally differentiated hydroxy groups and the available lactone carbonyl for chain elongation/modification can enable the concise synthesis of higher acetogenins. Many closely related synthetic intermediates possible from muricatacin are also abstracted here. The review should give impetus for future synthetic endeavours where the start point could be muricatacin and at least to the new molecules that are yet to be synthesized.
Effect of different limb lengths on quality of life, eating patterns and gastrointestinal symptoms after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in superobese patients: randomized study
Authors: Nergård B J , Leifson B G , Gislason H , Hedenbro J L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Distal Roux-en-Y gastrojejunal bypass (DRYGJB) gives better weight reduction than standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) but at the risk of increased malnutrition side-effects. This study compared the effects of RYGB and DRYGJB on gastrointestinal symptoms, eating patterns and health-related quality of life (QoL).

Methods
This was a single-blind RCT from a university-affiliated obesity centre. Patients with a BMI of 50 kg/m2 or above were invited to participate. Treatment arms were standard gastric bypass with an alimentary limb of 150 cm and a biliopancreatic limb of 60 cm, with a variable common channel length, or DRYGJB with biliopancreatic limb of 200 cm, common channel limb of 150 cm and variable alimentary limb length. Baseline and follow-up data to 5 years on quality of life, obesity-related problems and gastrointestinal symptoms were collected using prospectively created and validated questionnaires.

Results
Some 140 patients were included. Those with a DRYGJB had better weight loss at 5 years (mean(s.d.) 68·3(21·8) kg versus 55·7(19·8) kg for standard RYGB; P = 0·011). Eating patterns improved, with no difference between the groups. Gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, indigestion) worsened significantly in both groups, but only patients with DRYGJB had significantly worse diarrhoea at the end of the study than at baseline (P = 0·006). Both groups had improved perceived generic QoL over baseline, and obesity-related problems were markedly reduced.

Conclusion
Standard RYGB and both improved generic and disease-specific QoL and eating behavioural pattern. Diarrhoea was increased more following DRYGJB than after RYGB. Registration number: NCT 01514799 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
Era of digital revolution: Digital entrepreneurship and digital transformation in emerging economies
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Naz Munazza , Maroof Zaib 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe research paper reconnoiters the digital entrepreneurship and its influence on the business setting in developing economies (China India, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey, Thailand, South Africa and Malaysia). The empirical data was collected through 1,445 semi‐structured interviews with these economies' entrepreneurs. The research outcomes highlighted that entrepreneur's knowledge act as a sensitive social expectation and enhances support, even the non‐contributively factor of institutional trust. Findings demonstrated that administrative initiatives toward digitalization are pledged to consume invigorated entrepreneurship in all emerging economies consequently providing better chances for advancement and prevailing institutions requirements for further development in order to confirm the economic growth and supportable entrepreneurial situation.
Tuning monoclonal antibody galactosylation using Raman spectroscopy‐controlled lactic acid feeding
Authors: W. Eyster Thomas , Talwar Sameer , Fernandez Janice , Foster Shelby , Hayes James , Allen Randal , Reidinger Scot , Wan Boyong , Ji Xiaodan , Aon Juan , Patel Pramthesh , Ritz Diana B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA key aspect of large‐scale production of biotherapeutics is a well‐designed and consistently‐executed upstream cell culture process. Process analytical technology tools provide enhanced monitoring and control capabilities to support consistent process execution, and also have potential to aid in maintenance of product quality at desired levels. One such tool, Raman spectroscopy, has matured as a useful technique to achieve real‐time monitoring and control of key cell culture process attributes. We developed a Raman spectroscopy‐based nutrient control strategy to enable dual control of lactate and glucose levels for a fed‐batch CHO cell culture process for monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. To achieve this, partial least squares‐based chemometric models for real‐time prediction of glucose and lactate concentrations were developed and deployed in feedback control loops. In particular, feeding of lactic acid post‐metabolic shift was investigated based on previous work that has shown the impact of lactate levels on ammonium as well as mAb product quality. Three feeding strategies were assessed for impact on cell metabolism, productivity, and product quality: bolus‐fed glucose, glucose control at 4 g/L, or simultaneous glucose control at 4 g/L and lactate control at 2 g/L. The third feeding strategy resulted in a significant reduction in ammonium levels (68%) while increasing mAb galactosylation levels by approximately 50%. This work demonstrated that when deployed in a cell culture process, Raman spectroscopy is an effective technique for simultaneous control of multiple nutrient feeds, and that lactic acid feeding can have a positive impact on both cell metabolism and mAb product quality.
Choosing the Right Essential Oil for a Mouthwash: Chemical, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Studies
Authors: Filipović Gordana , Stevanović Milica D. , Stojanović‐Radić Zorica , Obradović Radmila , Randjelović Pavle J. , Radulović Niko S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThirteen commercial essential oils were assessed for their possible inclusion in a mouthwash formulation based on their inhibitory effect against potentially pathogenic anaerobic oral bacterial isolates from subgingival plaque, and their cytotoxicity towards gingival cells. The essential oils, originating from species belonging to seven major aromatic plant families, were chosen to provide the necessary diversity in chemical composition that was analyzed in detail by GC and GC/MS. Multivariate statistical analysis, performed using the in vitro microbiological/toxicological assays and compositional data, revealed that the major components of the essential oils were probably not the main carriers of the activities observed. A formulation of ‘designer’ mouthwashes is proposed based on the selective action of certain essential oils towards specific bacterial isolates (e. g., Citrus bergamia vs. Parvimonas micra), and non‐toxicity to gingival cells at antimicrobially active concentrations.
Safety and efficacy of mechanical circulatory support with Impella or intra‐aortic balloon pump for high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention and/or cardiogenic shock: Insights from a network meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Takagi Hisato , Ando Tomo , Kodaira Masaki , Numasawa Yohei , Fox John , Bangalore Sripal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMechanical circulatory support (MCS) with Impella or intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) is used for high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and/or for cardiogenic shock (CS) due to acute myocardial infarction. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Impella or IABP when compared with no MCS using a network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsEMBASE and MEDLINE were searched through February 2020 for RCT evaluating efficacy of Impella vs. IABP vs. no MCS in patients undergoing high‐risk PCI or CS. The primary efficacy outcome was 30 day or in‐hospital all‐cause mortality whereas the primary safety outcomes were major bleeding and vascular complications.ResultsOur search identified nine RCTs enrolling a total of 1,996 patients with high‐risk PCI and/or CS. There was no significant difference with Impella or IABP on all‐cause mortality when compared with no MCS (Impella vs. no MCS; OR:0.82 [0.35–1.90], p = .65, IABP vs. no MCS; OR:0.77 [0.47–1.28], p = .31, I2 = 18.1%). Impella significantly increased major bleeding compared with no MCS (Impella vs. no MCS; OR:7.01 [1.11–44.4], p = .038, I2 = 19.2%). IABP did not increase the risk of major bleeding compared with no MCS (OR:1.27 [0.75–2.16], p = .38, I2 = 19.2%) but increased vascular complication compared with no MCS (OR:1.92 [1.01–3.64], p = .045, I2 = 1.5%).ConclusionsNeither Impella nor IABP decreased all‐cause short‐term mortality when compared with no MCS for high‐risk PCI and/or CS. Moreover, Impella increased major bleeding compared with no MCS.