bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contentions and Confirmations over Genetically Modified Technology
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Mallick Sambit 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study, from sociology of science and technology perspectives, examines the socio-political construal of innovations in rice biotechnology research in India with special reference to genetically modified (GM) technology. The primary data for the study has been collected through in-depth personal interviews with 68 molecular biologists and plant breeders engaged in rice biotechnology research in 20 scientific institutions coming under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and State Agricultural Universities (SAU s). Two different case studies have been used to substantiate the arguments. The findings of the study suggest that there is a lack of consensus among the scientific communities over the application of GM technology in rice biotechnology research in India. The initial attempt to develop an Indian version of Golden Rice has failed. The occurrence of multiple anomalies during the experiment of Golden Rice poses serious questions on the scientific and technical reliability of GM technology. Holistically, it has cast doubt on the safety and predictability of Golden Rice in the Indian context. The existing policy framework pertaining to GM technology, particularly technical regulations, suffers from design faults (structural problem) and operator failure (agency failure). The Intellectual Property Rights regime, in one or many forms, appears to obstruct R&D activities in rice biotechnology. The practitioners of rice biotechnology research are resisting such institutional regimes by keeping the Mertonian ethos of science in mind.
The Ascent of Ishmael: Genealogy, Covenant, and Identity in Early Islam
Authors: Goudarzi Mohsen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This essay argues that biblical genealogy serves as a fundamental organizing principle in the Qurʾān. In particular, the Qurʾān anchors the cultic and scriptural aspects of the Prophet’s mission squarely on his community’s descent from Abraham via Ishmael. The first part of the essay marshals qurʾānic evidence in support of this claim and critiques a number of recent studies that downplay or deny the significance of Abrahamic-Ishmaelite genealogy in the Qurʾān. The second part reinforces this significance by demonstrating that Ishmael’s qurʾānic characterization as an upright prophet sharply contrasts with his predominantly negative portrayals in pre-Islamic writings. The final part shows that modern scholars initially acknowledged Abraham and Ishmael’s key ancestral and cultic roles in the Qurʾān but came to see these roles as exclusively Medinan constructs. The essay challenge this view and offers a different explanation for the Qurʾān’s varying portrayals of Abraham and Ishmael.
Jews and Muslims in the Works of John of Naples
Authors: Schut Kirsten 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article seeks to shed light on attitudes towards Jews and Muslims in the Kingdom of Naples during the early fourteenth century by examining references to non-Christians in the quodlibets, disputed questions, and sermons of the Dominican theologian John of Naples (Giovanni Regina, d. ca. 1348). John’s patron, King Robert of Naples (r. 1309–1343) has traditionally been portrayed as a more tolerant monarch than his predecessor Charles II, and John’s views seem to accord well with Robert’s: he does not advocate conversion, but rather allows Jews and Muslims a limited place within Christian society. Treating topics as diverse as biblical exegesis, blasphemy, sorcery, slavery, mercenaries, and medical ethics, John’s writings on Jews and Muslims were inspired both by traditional scholastic questions and contemporary events. While his views on non-Christians are far from positive, John stops short of disseminating the more virulent polemics of his time.
Between Latin Theology and Arabic Kalām: Samson’s Apologeticus contra perfidos (864 CE) and Ḥafṣ b. Albar al-Qūṭī’s Extant Works (fl. Late Ninth/Early Tenth Centuries)
Authors: Busic Jason 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Latin authors of ninth-century Umayyad Córdoba Eulogius, Albarus, and Samson are known for their opposition to acculturation, Arabic learning, and, in the case of Eulogius and Albarus, their defense of the martyrs’ movement of the 850s. One generation later, the first known Christian-Arabic theologian of Hispanic origin appears, Ḥafṣ b. Albar. His adoption of Islamized Arabic has traditionally represented an ideological break from the previous generation of Christian intellectuals in Córdoba. This article questions this discontinuity through analysis of Samson’s Apologeticus contra perfidos (864 CE) and Ḥafṣ’s extant work. The article argues that the Apologeticus engages kalām and proves relevant for its Islamic context. Further, the article argues that Ḥafṣ’s work continues the project laid out by Samson, though with a more polemical eye towards Islam.
Visual Enhancement of Relevant Speech in a ‘Cocktail Party’
Authors: Jaha Niti , Shen Stanley , Kerlin Jess R. , Shahin Antoine J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lip-reading improves intelligibility in noisy acoustical environments. We hypothesized that watching mouth movements benefits speech comprehension in a ‘cocktail party’ by strengthening the encoding of the neural representations of the visually paired speech stream. In an audiovisual (AV) task, EEG was recorded as participants watched and listened to videos of a speaker uttering a sentence while also hearing a concurrent sentence by a speaker of the opposite gender. A key manipulation was that each audio sentence had a 200-ms segment replaced by white noise. To assess comprehension, subjects were tasked with transcribing the AV-attended sentence on randomly selected trials. In the auditory-only trials, subjects listened to the same sentences and completed the same task while watching a static picture of a speaker of either gender. Subjects directed their listening to the voice of the gender of the speaker in the video. We found that the N1 auditory-evoked potential (AEP) time-locked to white noise onsets was significantly more inhibited for the AV-attended sentences than for those of the auditorily-attended (A-attended) and AV-unattended sentences. N1 inhibition to noise onsets has been shown to index restoration of phonemic representations of degraded speech. These results underscore that attention and congruency in the AV setting help streamline the complex auditory scene, partly by reinforcing the neural representations of the visually attended stream, heightening the perception of continuity and comprehension.
Critical Entanglements: Postmodern Theory in Biblical Studies
Authors: Wilson Andrew P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile postmodernism remains an ambiguous and messy phenomenon to represent, it also remains a compelling prophetic voice in the ongoing development of contemporary biblical studies. This article tracks the various strands of postmodernism threaded through the discipline, drawing on a range of evocative biblical readings as well as key examples from the art world. It demonstrates that the scholarly “entanglement” with postmodern theory provides a valuable critical sensibility to biblical readings, and referring to specific examples from reception history, one that has the potential to showcase biblical studies at its best. When it comes to reading practices, scholarly voices and identities, postmodern theory shows that biblical scholarship is ethically oriented and has an expansive sense of the text and textual effects. The distinctive ways in which postmodern theory has shaped scholarship of the bible are plotted, while continuing to beckon in unanticipated ways from unexpected vantage points.
Evaluating the Validity of the Risk Perception Survey for Developing Diabetes Scale in a Safety-Net Clinic Population of English and Spanish Speakers
Authors: Rochefort Catherine , Baldwin Austin S. , Tiro Jasmin , Bowen Michael E. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the factor structure of the Risk Perception Survey for Developing Diabetes (RPS-DD) and test for factorial invariance by language (English, Spanish) and gender (males, females) in a clinically engaged, racially diverse, low-education population. Methods Adult patients seen in a safety-net health system (N = 641) answered an interviewer-administered survey via telephone in their preferred language (English: 42%, Spanish: 58%). Three constructs in the RPS-DD were assessed—personal control (2 items for internal control and 2 for external control), optimistic bias (2 items), and worry (2 items). Single and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed using maximum-likelihood estimation to determine the factor structure and test for invariance. Results Contrary to previous psychometric analyses in white, educated populations, CFAs supported a 4-factor measurement model with internal and external control items loading onto separate factors. The 4-factor structure was equivalent between males and females. However, the structure varied by language, with the worry subscale items loading more strongly for English than Spanish speakers. Conclusions The RPS-DD can be used to investigate group differences across gender and language and to help understand if interventions have differential effects for subgroups at high risk for diabetes. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes among Spanish speakers, researchers should continue to examine the psychometric properties of the RPS-DD, particularly the worry subscale, to improve its validity and clinical utility.
Postural Risks and User Experience of 3D Interface Designs for Virtual Reality-based Learning Environments
Authors: Sun Yilu , Kar Gourab , Stevenson Won Andrea , Hedge Alan 
Published: November 2019

Virtual Reality-based Learning Environments (VRLEs) are an emerging tool for classroom teaching. While VRLEs are increasingly in use, little attention has been paid to ergonomic challenges in use of VRLEs. This study compared two 3D interface designs of a VRLE created to teach the phases of the Moon. Participants ( N = 16) were randomly assigned to either a Hand or Toggle interface design. The interface designs were compared in terms of postural risk (REBA score), task completion time, user experience and environmental presence. Results indicate no significant difference between the Hand and Toggle interface designs for the outcome variables; however, environmental presence was marginally higher in the Hand interface. REBA scores for Hand (3.56 ± 0.89) and Toggle (3.79 ± 1.14) indicate low to medium level of postural risks. Future research should focus on development of 3D interface design guidelines to ensure safe, comfortable and effective use of VRLEs.
Identifying an Optimal Sampling Method to Estimate Postural Risk in a Dynamic Work Task
Authors: Tung Kryztopher D. , Fukumura Yoko E. , Baker Nancy A. , Forrest Jane L. , Roll Shawn C. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) is an ergonomic assessment tool used to screen for risk of musculoskeletal injury due to working posture. The RULA is traditionally applied once during a work task to approximate overall risk. No method exists for estimating a RULA score for work requiring frequent shifts in posture across an extended period of time. Purpose: The goal of this study was to identify an optimal sampling method for applying the RULA across a long time-period that accurately represents overall risk. Methods: Four right-handed female dental hygiene students were video recorded from three angles while performing hand scaling during patient clinic visits (88.97 minutes on average). RULA was continuously scored across the entire session, updating the score when a significant postural shift lasting for more than 15 seconds occurred. A time-weighted average (TWA) RULA score was calculated. Three sampling methods were evaluated: equivalent interval samples, random samples, and random samples selection weighted within “clock positions.” Each method was compared to the TWA using a paired samples t-test and percent difference. Results: TWA RULA across the four students ranged from 3.4 to 4.3. Preliminary sampling averages using 10 samples were all within 0.2 of the TWA. Further iterations evaluating various sample sizes is ongoing. Discussion: Preliminary results suggest that all three sampling methods provide a reasonably accurate approximation of the TWA score at the sampling rate tested. Future iterations of this analysis will be continued to identify the minimum required sampling rate to meet our TWA criterion.
Photoacoustic image-guided interventions
Authors: Karthikesh Madhumithra S , Yang Xinmai 
Published: November 2019

Photoacoustic imaging has demonstrated its potential for diagnosis over the last few decades. In recent years, its unique imaging capabilities, such as detecting structural, functional and molecular information in deep regions with optical contrast and ultrasound resolution, have opened up many opportunities for photoacoustic imaging to be used during image-guided interventions. Numerous studies have investigated the capability of photoacoustic imaging to guide various interventions such as drug delivery, therapies, surgeries, and biopsies. These studies have demonstrated that photoacoustic imaging can guide these interventions effectively and non-invasively in real-time. In this minireview, we will elucidate the potential of photoacoustic imaging in guiding active and passive drug deliveries, photothermal therapy, and other surgeries and therapies using endogenous and exogenous contrast agents including organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles, as well as needle-based biopsy procedures. The advantages of photoacoustic imaging in guided interventions will be discussed. It will, therefore, show that photoacoustic imaging has great potential in real-time interventions due to its advantages over current imaging modalities like computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging. Impact statement Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging modality for use in image-guided interventional procedures. This imaging technology has a unique ability to offer real-time, non-invasive, cost-effective, and radiation-free guidance in a real-world operating environment. This is substantiated in this article which sums up the current state and underlines promising results of research using photoacoustic imaging in guiding drug delivery, therapy, surgery, and biopsy. Hence, this minireview facilitates future research and real-world application of photoacoustic image-guided interventions.
Backstage Staff Communication: The Effects of Different Levels of Visual Exposure to Patients
Authors: Lim Lisa , Kanfer Ruth , Stroebel Robert J. , Zimring Craig M. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: This article examines how visual exposure to patients predicts patient-related communication among staff members. Background: Communication among healthcare professionals private from patients, or backstage communication, is critical for staff teamwork and patient care. While patients and visitors are a core group of users in healthcare settings, not much attention has been given to how patients’ presence impacts staff communication. Furthermore, many healthcare facilities provide team spaces for improved staff teamwork, but the privacy levels of team areas significantly vary. Method: This article presents an empirical study of four team-based primary care clinics where staff communication and teamwork are important. Visual exposure levels of the clinics were analyzed, and their relationships to staff members’ concerns for having backstage communication, including preferred and nonpreferred locations for backstage communication, were investigated. Results: Staff members in clinics with less visual exposure to patients reported lower concerns about having backstage communication. Staff members preferred talking in team areas that were visually less exposed to patients in the clinic, but, within team areas, the level of visual exposure did not matter. On the other hand, staff members did not prefer talking in visually exposed areas such as corridors in the clinic and visually exposed areas within team spaces. Conclusions: Staff members preferred talking in team areas, and they did not prefer talking in visually exposed areas. These findings identified visually exposed team areas as a potentially uncomfortable environment, with a lack of agreement between staff members’ preferences toward where they had patient-related communication.
Outcomes After Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Versus Stand-Alone Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gendreau Julian L. , Kim Lily H. , Prins Payton N. , D’Souza Marissa , Rezaii Paymon , Pendharkar Arjun V. , Sussman Eric S. , Ho Allen L. , Desai Atman M. 
Published: November 2019

Study Design: Systemic review and meta-analysis. Objectives: To review and compare surgical outcomes for patients undergoing stand-alone anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) for the treatment of cervical spine disease. Methods: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Comparative trials measuring outcomes of patients undergoing CDA and stand-alone ACDF for degenerative spine disease in the last 10 years were selected for inclusion. After data extraction and quality assessment, statistical analysis was performed with R software metafor package. The random-effects model was used if there was heterogeneity between studies; otherwise, the fixed-effects model was used. Results: In total, 12 studies including 859 patients were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Patients undergoing stand-alone ACDF had a statistically significant increase in postoperative segmental angles (mean difference 0.85° [95% confidence interval = 0.35° to 1.35°], P = .0008). Patients undergoing CDA had a decreased rate of developing adjacent segmental degeneration (risk ratio = 0.56 [95% confidence interval = −0.06 to 1.18], P = .0745). Neck Disability Index, Japanese Orthopedic Association score, Visual Analogue Scale of the arm and neck, as well as postoperative cervical angles were similar between the 2 treatments. Conclusions: When compared with CDA, stand-alone ACDF offers similar clinical outcomes for patients and leads to increased postoperative segmental angles. We encourage further blinded randomized trials to compare rates of adjacent segmental degeneration and other postoperative outcomes between these 2 treatments options.
LAM-003, a new drug for treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitor–resistant FLT3-ITD–positive AML
Authors: Beeharry Neil , Landrette Sean , Gayle Sophia , Hernandez Marylens , Grotzke Jeff E. , Young Peter R. , Beckett Paul , Zhang Xuan , Carter Bing Z. , Andreeff Michael , Halene Stephanie , Xu Tian , Rothberg Jonathan , Lichenstein Henri 
Published: November 2019

Key Points
The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor LAM-003 displays potent in vitro and in vivo activity as a single agent and combined with venetoclax. LAM-003 retains antileukemic activity against AML cells rendered resistant to FLT3 kinase inhibitors by mutation or stromal signaling.
Exploring emergency department visits: factors influencing individuals’ decisions, knowledge of triage systems and waiting times, and experiences during visits to a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhabdan Nawaf , Alhusain Faisal , Alharbi Abdulkareem , Alsadhan Muatassem , Hakami Moath , Masuadi Emad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
In recent years, there has been an increased utilization of emergency departments (EDs) in many countries. Additionally, it is reported that there are major delays in delivering care to ED patients. Longer waiting times are associated with poor patient satisfaction, whereas an understanding of the triage process increases satisfaction. This study aimed to assess ED visitor’s awareness of the triage procedure and their preferences regarding delayed communication.

Methods
Cross-sectional study of King Abdulaziz Medical City – Emergency Department visitors using a previously validated questionnaire (Seibert 2014) which was translated to Arabic, piloted, and then used for this study.

Results
A total of 334 questionnaires were returned. The mean age of respondents was 33 years. Regarding primary care physicians, only 16% of respondents said that they have one. About 21% of those tried to communicate with them before coming to the ED. Even though only 11% of respondents knew exactly what triage is, 51% were able to correctly explain why some patients are seen before others. Statistical analysis did not show any factors that are associated with increased knowledge of triage. Most respondents (75%) want to hear updates regarding delays with 69% of them preferring to be updated every 30 min.

Conclusions
This study showed that the majority of patients do not know what triage means and that most of them want to know how the ED works. Moreover, a lot of respondents said that they do not have a primary care physician. These results support increasing patient awareness by education and involving them if any delay happens.
Multiplatform biomarker identification using a data-driven approach enables single-sample classification
Authors: Zhang Ling , Thapa Ishwor , Haas Christian , Bastola Dhundy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh-throughput gene expression profiles have allowed discovery of potential biomarkers enabling early diagnosis, prognosis and developing individualized treatment. However, it remains a challenge to identify a set of reliable and reproducible biomarkers across various gene expression platforms and laboratories for single sample diagnosis and prognosis. We address this need with our Data-Driven Reference (DDR) approach, which employs stably expressed housekeeping genes as references to eliminate platform-specific biases and non-biological variabilities.ResultsOur method identifies biomarkers with “built-in” features, and these features can be interpreted consistently regardless of profiling technology, which enable classification of single-sample independent of platforms. Validation with RNA-seq data of blood platelets shows that DDR achieves the superior performance in classification of six different tumor types as well as molecular target statuses (such asMETorHER2-positive, and mutantKRAS,EGFRorPIK3CA) with smaller sets of biomarkers. We demonstrate on the three microarray datasets that our method is capable of identifying robust biomarkers for subgrouping medulloblastoma samples with data perturbation due to different microarray platforms. In addition to identifying the majority of subgroup-specific biomarkers in CodeSet of nanoString, some potential new biomarkers for subgrouping medulloblastoma were detected by our method.ConclusionsIn this study, we present a simple, yet powerful data-driven method which contributes significantly to identification of robust cross-platform gene signature for disease classification of single-patient to facilitate precision medicine. In addition, our method provides a new strategy for transcriptome analysis.