bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking biases: Een meerstemmig gesprek over postkoloniale blinde vlekken in cinema
Authors: Baltussen Liesje , Nellis Steff 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Waarom is het tegenwoordig nog moeilijk om twee lichamen met verschillende huidskleur samen vast te leggen? Waarom ervaren zwarte performers zoveel problemen met make-up en lichtinval op filmsets? Hoe is het mogelijk dat projecten van filmmakers zonder strikt Belgische achtergrond vaak maar moeilijk financiële steun genieten? Het zijn enkele van de blinde vlekken in het filmmaken die PRISM (2020) blootlegt. Drie filmmaaksters met een verschillende huidskleur, An van. Dienderen, Rosine Mbakam en Eléonore Yameogo, werken voor PRISM samen rond het ‘dekoloniseren van de cinematografie’. Het resultaat is een gesamtkunstwerk dat uitgaat van het idee dat het filmisch medium de witte huid op technologisch en ideologisch vlak bevooroordeelt ten opzichte van donkere huidtypes. Liesje Baltussen en Steff Nellis gingen met de makers van PRISM in gesprek op allerlei manieren. Het resultaat is een collectief werkdocument waarin ze pogen ieders stem – ook die van u, als lezer – te betrekken.
Fotograf: Een zoektocht naar herinnering
Authors: Eysermans Inne , Leonard Ingrid , Smets Katharina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dit audiovisueel essay is het resultaat van een experiment in het gebied tussen taal, beeld en audio. De beelden van fotograaf Ingrid Leonard worden samen gepresenteerd met tekstfragmenten van Katharina Smets en het geluid en de muziek van Inne Eysermans. Ze vormen samen het multimediaal collectief The Space Between en creëren een associatieve ruimte die niet enkel persoonlijk is, maar ook een beroep doet op het collectieve geheugen.
Towards 3D Simulation for Disaster Intervention Robot Behaviour Assessment
Authors: Bertolino Matteo , Tanzi Tullio J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. When a disaster strikes, response teams can nowadays rely on recent advances in technology. This approach improves the definition of a disaster management strategy. The use of autonomous systems during rescue operations allows, for example, to reach places that may be inaccessible or dangerous to human rescuers. In this context, both the design and the configuration of an autonomous system, including its embedded instruments (e.g. sensors), play a very important role in the overall outcome of the rescue mission. An incorrect configuration can lead to the acquisition of inaccurate or erroneous data and may result in incorrect information provided to rescuers. How can we ensure that the configuration of the autonomous systems is correct for a target mission? We propose to validate this configuration by testing the behaviour of the autonomous systems and their equipment in a virtual environment. To do this, system, sensors, space environment (geometry, etc.), prevailing conditions at the intervention site (weather, etc.) and mission scenario must be modelled in a 3D simulation system. The results of these simulations allow to apply in real time the modifications required to better adapt the configuration to the objectives of the mission. These simulations must be performed prior to the deployment of rescue teams to speed the development of a rescue management strategy. In this contribution, we propose a protocol to enhance an existing simulation environment to make it adapt to support disaster management. Then, we validate it through a case study in which we show the approach to correctly configure a LIDAR for a realistic mission. Such simulations allowed us to quantitatively configure the parameters of the LIDAR mounted on an existing disaster management rover, in order to keep the energy consumption limited while guaranteeing a correct functioning of the system. Resuming, the expected results are: (i) the assessment of the suitability of system for the mission, (ii) the choice of the quantitative features which characterize such equipment, (iii) the expectation of mission success and (iv) the probability which the system survives and completes the mission.
Radar system with dedicated planar traveling wave antennas for elderly people monitoring
Authors: Schäfer Sassan , Müller Simon , Schmiech Daniel , Diewald Andreas R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Radar systems for contactless vital sign monitoring are well known and an actual object of research.
These radar-based sensors could be used for monitoring of elderly people in their homes but also for detecting the activity of prisoners and to control electrical devices (light, audio, etc.) in smart living environments.
Mostly these sensors are foreseen to be mounted on the ceiling in the middle of a room.
In retirement homes the rooms are mostly rectangular and of standardized size.
Furniture like beds and seating are found at the borders or the corners of the room.
As the propagation path from the center of the room ceiling to the borders and corners of a room is 1.4 and 1.7 time longer the power reflected by people located there is 6 or even 10 dB lower than if located in the center of the room.
Furthermore classical antennas in microstrip technology are strengthening radiation in broadside direction.
Radar systems with only one single planar antenna must be mounted horizontally aligned when measuring in all directions.
Thus an antenna pattern which is increasing radiation in the room corners and borders for compensation of free space loss is needed.
In this contribution a specification of classical room sizes in retirement homes are given.
A method for shaping the antenna gain in the E-plane by an one-dimensional series-fed traveling wave patch array and
in the H-plane by an antenna feeding network for improvement of people detection in the room borders and corners is presented for a 24 GHz digital beamforming (DBF) radar system. The feeding network is a parallel-fed power divider for microstrip patch antennas at 24 GHz.
Both approaches are explained in theory.
The design parameters and the layout of the antennas are given.
The simulation of the antenna arrays are executed with CST MWS.
Simulations and measurements of the proposed antennas are compared to each other.
Both antennas are used for the transmit and the receive channel either.
The sensor topology of the radar system is explained.
Furthermore the measurement results of the protoype are presented and discussed.
De effecten van de coronamaatregelen voor mensen met een beperking vanuit een juridisch oogpunt
Authors: Swaanenburg-van Roosmalen M. 
Published: December 2020

De effecten van de coronamaatregelen voor mensen met een beperking vanuit een juridisch oogpunt
Coronamaatregelen zijn zeer divers (zowel publiek als privaat) en kunnen verschillend uitpakken voor mensen met een beperking, al naar gelang hun omstandigheden, zoals de plaats waar zij wonen, werken en onderwijs volgen. Hoe verschillend individuele situaties van mensen met een beperking ook kunnen zijn, bij alle maatregelen rond corona moeten juridische analyses de rechten van mensen met een beperking betrekken: niet alleen in het licht van de Grondwet en wetgeving met waarborgen ter zake, maar ook van mensenrechtenverdragen en dan vooral het VN-verdrag Handicap. Het VN-verdrag Handicap is in coronatijd onverminderd van kracht. Uit het verdrag volgt dat ook bij de totstandkoming van coronamaatregelen nauw overleg geboden is met mensen met een beperking en hun representatieve organisaties. Deze bijdrage geeft aan welke aspecten bij het beoordelen van verschillende concrete coronamaatregelen in het bijzonder van belang zijn, gezien het VN-verdrag Handicap.
Wanneer je leven bepaald wordt door de wet
Authors: Dijkstra E. 
Published: December 2020

Wanneer je leven bepaald wordt door de wet
Voor veel mensen met een functiebeperking geldt dat zij op wettelijk geregelde voorzieningen moeten vertrouwen voor hun basale levensbehoeften. De aannames van de wetgever betreffende welke noden van deze groep tot de verantwoordelijkheid van de maatschappij behoren, bepalen dus de mate waarin zij in deze behoeften kunnen voorzien en hoe zij – en hun omgeving – hun leven kunnen inrichten. In dit artikel wordt onderbouwd waarom de huidige aannames van de wetgever een grote groep mensen met een functiebeperking in de steek laten. In de participatiemaatschappij staan deelname aan de reguliere arbeidsmarkt en vertrouwen op het eigen netwerk namelijk centraal. Dientengevolge schiet de huidige sociale zekerheid voor mensen die niet of niet gedeeltelijk kunnen werken en geen daadkrachtig netwerk te hebben, veelal tekort. Een begin van de oplossing van dit probleem, zo wordt voorgesteld, is het opnieuw waarderen van bijdragen buiten de reguliere arbeidsmarkt en het uitbreiden en bestendigen van de voorzieningen voor mensen met een functiebeperking.
Opvang in de Wmo? Alleen als je het echt niet zelf kan!
Authors: Klein Egelink E. , Veenman L. , Vermaat M.F. 
Published: December 2020

Opvang in de Wmo? Alleen als je het echt niet zelf kan!
Burgers kunnen dak- of thuisloos raken. Velen lossen dat probleem voor kortere of langere termijn zelf op. Sommigen lukt dat niet. Zij kloppen bij de gemeente aan voor opvang. Dat kan op grond van de Wmo 2015. Maar niet iedereen wordt opgevangen en deel van hen die wel opvang krijgt, wordt na verloop van tijd weer uit de opvang gezet. Zonder huis, thuis of dak boven hun hoofd. Toch vinden gemeenten dat deze mensen ‘zelfredzaam’ zijn. In dit artikel gaan wij in op de vraag wat gemeenten op grond van de Wmo 2015 moet doen en hoe de rechtspraak luidt. Of gemeenten buiten de Wmo ook ingevolge internationale verdragen tot een vorm van opvang zijn verplicht, valt buiten het bestek van dit artikel.
Levenstestament en bewind in relatie tot het VN-verdrag Handicap
Authors: Ogier J.S. 
Published: December 2020

Levenstestament en bewind in relatie tot het VN-verdrag Handicap
Beschermingsmaatregelen zijn van bijzonder belang voor mensen met een (verstandelijke) beperking die hun wil niet kunnen uiten. Daarmee is het VN-verdrag Handicap ook van toepassing op deze maatregelen. Met de opkomst van het notariële levenstestament kan men zich afvragen of deze nieuwe vorm van bescherming voldoet aan het Verdrag. Tegelijk werpt het de vraag op of huidige wettelijke beschermingsmaatregelen dat wel doen. In dit artikel onderzoek ik in hoeverre het levenstestament en beschermingsbewind in overeenstemming zijn met het Verdrag.
Art. 6:13 Awb in de fuik?
Authors: van der Veen G.A. (Gerrit) 
Published: December 2020

Art. 6:13 Awb in de fuik?
Auteur gaat in dit redactioneel in op de discussie over het vereiste om voor beroep bij de bestuursrechter bezwaar aan te tekenen bij het bestuursorgaan, in milieuzaken.
‘Battenoord’ op losse schroeven: tijd voor prejudiciële vragen
Authors: Bröring H.E. (Herman) , Koers A.W. (Albert) 
Published: December 2020

‘Battenoord’ op losse schroeven: tijd voor prejudiciële vragen. Is het Activiteitenbesluit wel rechtsgeldig?
Auteurs gaan naar aanleiding van het arrest van het HvJ EU (Vlarem II) in op de vraag of het Activiteitenbesluit geldig is ondanks dat er geen strategische milieubeoordeling is opgesteld.
De Europese grenzen aan winstuitkering door zorgaanbieders
Authors: Glas L.R. , van de Gronden J.W. , Veenbrink J.M. 
Published: December 2020

De Europese grenzen aan winstuitkering door zorgaanbieders
Regulering van winstuitkering is een politiek discussiepunt. Het kan dan ook voorkomen dat regulering van winstuitkering tot een lappendeken aan wetgeving leidt. Dit artikel gaat na welke ruimte het Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens (EVRM) en het Unierecht laten om politieke compromissen te sluiten op het gebied van winstuitkering door zorgaanbieders.
miR-21 is upregulated, promoting fibrosis and blocking G2/M in irradiated rat cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Guo Huan , Zhao Xinke , Su Haixiang , Ma Chengxu , Liu Kai , Kong Shanshan , Liu Kedan , Li Haining , Chang Juan , Wang Tao , Guo Hongyun , Wei Huiping , Fu Zhaoyuan , Lv Xinfang , Li Yingdong 
Published: December 2020

Background
Radiation exposure of the thorax is associated with a greatly increased risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality even after several decades of advancement in the field. Although many studies have demonstrated the damaging influence of ionizing radiation on cardiac fibroblast (CF) structure and function, myocardial fibrosis, the molecular mechanism behind this damage is not well understood. miR-21, a small microRNA, promotes the activation of CFs, leading to cardiac fibrosis. miR-21 is overexpressed after irradiation; however, the relationship between increased miR-21 and myocardial fibrosis after irradiation is unclear. This study was conducted to investigate gene expression after radiation-induced CF damage and the role of miR-21 in this process in rats.

Methods
We sequenced irradiated rat CFs and performed weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) combined with differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis to observe the effect on the expression profile of CF genes after radiation.

Results
DEG analysis showed that the degree of gene changes increased with the radiation dose. WGCNA revealed three module eigengenes (MEs) associated with 8.5-Gy-radiation—the Yellow, Brown, Blue modules. The three module eigengenes were related to apoptosis, G2/M phase, and cell death and S phase, respectively. By blocking with the cardiac fibrosis miRNA miR-21, we found that miR-21 was associated with G2/M blockade in the cell cycle and was mainly involved in regulating extracellular matrix-related genes, including Grem1, Clu, Gdf15, Ccl7, and Cxcl1. Stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR was performed to verify the expression of these genes. Five genes showed higher expression after 8.5 Gy-radiation in CFs. The target genes of miR-21 predicted online were Gdf15 and Rsad2, which showed much higher expression after treatment with antagomir-miR-21 in 8.5-Gy-irradiated CFs. Thus, miR-21 may play the role of fibrosis and G2/M blockade in regulating Grem1, Clu, Gdf15, Ccl7, Cxcl1, and Rsad2 post-irradiation.
Shielding effect of a lead apron on the peripheral radiation dose outside the applicator of electron beams from an Elekta linear accelerator
Authors: He Huifang , Zhang Yingdong , Wang Jidong , Chen Xingyu , Yang Yuyan , Wang Junjie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the shielding effect of lead aprons (LAs) on peripheral radiation doses outside the applicator of electron beams from a linear accelerator.MethodsOut‐of‐field radiation doses of 4‐, 6‐, 8‐, 10‐, 12‐, and 15‐MeV electron beams from an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator (linac) were measured by thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) at different depths (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cm) and distances from the applicator edge (0–58 cm) in a water‐equivalent slab phantom with a different number of layers of LA shielding (0–5 layers). Measurements were performed by 6 × 6, 10 × 10, 14 × 14, and 20 × 20‐cm2 applicators at a gantry and collimator angle of 0°. The out‐of‐field radiation dose profiles were normalized to the maximum dose of every energy and measuring depth.ResultsThe out‐of‐field radiation doses (beyond 3 cm away from the field edge) decreased with an increase in the number of LA layers and distance away from the central beam axis (CAX). After shielding with the LA, the out‐of‐field doses decreased by up to approximately 99% compared with the no shielding group. For 4‐MeV electron beams, there was a peak at 24.5 cm from the CAX, which weakened with an increasing number of LA layers.ConclusionThe shielding effect of the LA varied for a different number of LA layers as well as different depths and distances away from the CAX. Four LA layers were sufficient for shielding out‐of‐field doses of 4–15‐MeV electron beams.
High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 22% via a Photo‐Assisted Two‐Step Sequential Deposition
Authors: Lee Dong Geon , Kim Dong Hoe , Lee Jae Myeong , Kim Byeong Jo , Kim Jun Young , Shin Seong Sik , Jung Hyun Suk 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the most effective methods to achieve high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is to employ additives as crystallization agents or to passivate defects. Tri‐iodide ion has been known as an efficient additive to improve the crystallinity, grain size, and morphology of perovskite films. However, the generation and control of this tri‐iodide ion are challenging. Herein, an efficient method to produce tri‐iodide ion in a precursor solution using a photoassisted process for application in PSCs is developed. Results suggest that the tri‐iodide ion can be synthesized rapidly when formamidinium iodide (FAI) dissolved isopropyl alcohol (IPA) solution is exposed to LED light. Specifically, the photoassisted FAI–IPA solution facilitates the formation of fine perovskite films with high crystallinity, large grain size, and low trap density, thereby improving the device performance up to 22%. This study demonstrates that the photoassisted process in FAI dissolved IPA solution can be an alternative strategy to fabricate highly efficient PSCs with significantly reduced processing times.
The Broad Chromatic Range of Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides
Authors: Maleski Kathleen , Shuck Christopher E. , Fafarman Aaron T. , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) are a relatively new class of 2D materials, which include metallic and semiconducting examples. The chemical compositions of the vast MXene family span a broad range of the periodic table, yet the optical spectra of only a handful of MXene compositions have been reported, and in only one example are the spectroscopic features assigned. The optical properties of nine carbide MXenes, representing a systematic variation of chemical composition and atomic structure are presented here. The observed optical phenomena span the UV to IR and include interband transitions and plasma excitations. The spectral features involving excitation of the plasma provide an optical readout of the composition‐dependent carrier concentration, revealing even subtle changes due to modification of the surface chemistry. The high carrier concentration found in many MXenes differentiates them from other known 2D materials and the authors present evidence in favor of the hypothesis that MXenes host optically active plasmon resonances that naturally span the UV to near‐IR, as a function of composition. This study introduces optical properties of novel MXenes, benefits the interpretation of 2D materials spectroscopy, and suggests the tremendous potential for this class of optoelectronic building blocks.
Kilogram‐Scale Crystallogenesis of Halide Perovskites for Gamma‐Rays Dose Rate Measurements
Authors: Andričević Pavao , Frajtag Pavel , Lamirand Vincent Pierre , Pautz Andreas , Kollár Márton , Náfrádi Bálint , Sienkiewicz Andrzej , Garma Tonko , Forró László , Horváth Endre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGamma‐rays (γ‐rays), wherever present, e.g., in medicine, nuclear environment, or homeland security, due to their strong impact on biological matter, should be closely monitored. There is a need for simple, sensitive γ‐ray detectors at affordable prices. Here, it is shown that γ‐ray detectors based on crystals of methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) ideally meet these requirements. Specifically, the γ‐rays incident on a MAPbBr3 crystal generates photocarriers with a high mobility‐lifetime product, allowing radiation detection by photocurrent measurements at room temperatures. Moreover, the MAPbBr3 crystal‐based detectors, equipped with improved carbon electrodes, can operate at low bias (≈1.0 V), hence being suitable for applications in energy‐sparse environments, including space. The γ‐ray detectors reported herein are exposed to radiation from a 60Co source at dose rates up to 2.3 Gy h−1 under ambient conditions for over 100 h, without any sign of degradation. The excellent radiation tolerance stems from the intrinsic structural plasticity of the organic–inorganic halide perovskites, which can be attributed to a defect‐healing process by fast ion migration at the nanoscale level. The sensitivity of the γ‐ray detection upon volume is tested for MAPbBr3 crystals reaching up to 1000 cm3 (3.3 kg in weight) grown by a unique crystal growth technique.
Estimating cover crop biomass nitrogen credits with Sentinel‐2 imagery and sites covariates
Authors: Xia Yushu , Guan Kaiyu , Copenhaver Ken , Wander Michelle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCover crops can positively impact productivity and the environment. While improved estimates of cover crop N benefits could help promote their adoption, little information is currently available at the broad scale. We conducted a multi‐site study to determine whether use of satellite images and site factors could fill this gap. Six spectral indices were extracted from Sentinel‐2 satellite imagery and used with modeling covariates to estimate cover crop properties and biomass N credits (biomass × N contents). The partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were calibrated and validated with samples from 42 cover crop fields located in the midwestern and northeastern United States collected in 2017–2018. Remote sensing (RS)‐derived spectral indices strongly correlated (r > .7) with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) but not with rye (Secale cereale L.) biomass. Growing degree days (GDDs), cover height, ground cover percentage, and temperature often had high importance (variable importance in projection >1) in PLSR models. Model predictive power was limited for estimates of biomass N credits when data from all validation sites and cover types were used (adjusted [adj] R2 = .52). However, models for both biomass (adj R2 = .81) and biomass N credits (adj R2 = .89) were successful for red clover fields. This suggests N benefits could be more effectively modeled for specific cover crop types. We also found RS‐based estimation of C/N ratios performed moderately well when applied to the complete dataset (adj R2 = .54), suggesting a way to differentiate grass and legume cover crops that can potentially inform biogeochemical models.
Leaching and surface runoff after fall application of fungicides on putting greens
Authors: Aamlid Trygve S. , Almvik Marit , Pettersen Trond , Bolli Randi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany greenkeepers and authorities are concerned about the environmental risks resulting from pesticide use on golf courses. We studied leaching and surface runoff of fungicides and metabolites for two winter seasons after fall application of boscalid, pyraclostrobin, prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin, and fludioxonil in field lysimeters at NIBIO Landvik, Norway. The applications were made on creeping bentgrass greens (5% slope) that had been established from seed or sod (26‐mm mat) on USGA‐specification. root zones amended with Sphagnum peat or garden compost, both with 0.3–0.4% organic carbon in the root zone. The proportions of the winter precipitation recovered as surface and drainage water varied from 3 and 91% in 2016–2017 to 33 and 55% in 2017–2018 due to differences in soil freezing, rainfall intensity, and snow and ice cover. Detections of fungicides and their metabolites in drainage water were mostly within the environmental risk limits (ERLs) for aquatic organisms. In contrast, concentrations in surface runoff exceeded ERLs by up to 1,000 times. Greens established from sod usually had higher fungicide losses in surface runoff but lower losses in drainage water than greens established from seed. Presumably because of higher microbial activity and a higher pH that made prothioconazole‐desthio more polar, fungicide and metabolite losses in drainage water were usually higher from greens containing compost that from greens containing peat. Leaching of fungicides and metabolites occurred even from frozen greens. The results are discussed in a practical context aiming for reduced environmental risks from spraying fungicides against turfgrass winter diseases.