bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROPOSTA DE AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DA VELOCIDADE NO RECONHECIMENTO DE FALA
Authors: Costa Maristela Julio , Lessa Alexandre Hundertmarck , Arzeno Leonardo Pilau 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: propor uma versão do Teste Listas de Sentenças em Português com menor velocidade da fala; verificar a naturalidade, clareza e aplicabilidade do material; investigar a ocorrência ou não de mudança no desempenho de reconhecimento de sentenças em adultos e idosos normo-ouvintes considerando a variação da velocidade da fala. Métodos: foi realizada elongação de 25% em comparação com a velocidade da fala do Teste Listas de Sentenças em Português original. Após, 12 adultos e 12 idosos normo-ouvintes fizeram uma análise perceptivo-auditiva do material produzido e, por fim, foram obtidos seus Limiares de Reconhecimento de Sentenças Lentificadas no Silêncio, Índices Percentuais de Reconhecimento de Sentenças Lentificadas no Silêncio e Índices Percentuais de Reconhecimento de Sentenças no Silêncio. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: o novo material produzido foi gravado em Compact Disc e após sua apresentação a indivíduos adultos e idosos, este foi considerado claro e natural. Com base nos resultados da avaliação dos mesmos indivíduos com o novo teste, foi verificada melhora de desempenho com a apresentação dos estímulos em velocidade diminuída, em relação à apresentação em velocidade típica, para ambos os grupos, sem significância estatística para o grupo de adultos e com diferença estatisticamente significante para o de idosos. Conclusões: o novo material elaborado, nomeado Listas de Sentenças Lentificadas em Português, mostrou-se aplicável e sensível para investigar a influência de aspectos temporais no reconhecimento da fala em idosos. Foi verificado que este grupo apresentou melhor desempenho para compreender a mensagem falada, quando esta foi apresentada com velocidade diminuída.
Extubation of the Difficult Airway
Authors: Dalton Alison 
Published: January 2021

It is well known that induction and intubation are periods associated with patient risk. Especially in the case of patients with known or suspected difficult airways, extubation may be associated with similar risk. Therefore, attempts at extubation must be well planned, and preparations for urgent or emergent intubation must be in order prior to removal of an endotracheal tube. Preparations should be made on a case-by-case basis with consideration given to that specific patient’s indications for difficult airway management. Patients at risk for airway obstruction from edema require different techniques and preparations compared with those patients at risk for intracranial hypertension. Advanced preparations should include consideration of the best location for extubation (ie, OR, PACU, ICU), required tools (ie, airway exchange catheter, videolaryngoscope, fiberoptic bronchoscope supraglottic device), and personnel. A thorough plan for emergent reintubation should be considered taking into account the patient’s baseline airway anatomy, previous difficulty of intubation, subsequent airway edema, hemodynamics, and other complicating factors (ie, patient now in a Halo device, jaw wiring).
This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 45 references.
keywords: airway edema, airway exchange catheter, cricothyrotomy, difficult airway, difficult intubation, extubation, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, retrograde intubation
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Ross Jason D. , Ross Edgar L. 
Published: January 2021

Chronic pain remains the number one public health problem in the developed world. One third of Americans suffers from chronic pain, costing more than heart disease, diabetes, and cancer combined. Concurrent is the growing realization that the enormous increase in opioid prescribing has been ineffective simultaneously leading to widespread misuse and diversion. Yet implantable stimulation therapies is often considered salvage therapy because of the cost, outdated efficacy studies, and inherent bias of use in end-stage patients only. This would prove an impossible challenge for almost any therapy, yet stimulation has been shown to be effective under these circumstances. Using patient satisfaction ratings and objective measures in recent randomized trials allow comparison to conservative therapies such as medication management. The growing sophistication of implantable stimulators make these therapies viable options for more patients than ever before and should challenge the conventional wisdom that stimulation of the nervous system is only a salvage therapy. Many of the procedures discussed are off-label, yet the growing body of literature and practical experience suggest that these have significant clinical potential. In the setting of a comprehensive treatment plan, implantable stimulators are capable of changing lives for even the most refractory conditions.
This review contains 6 figures, 4 tables, and 60 references.
Key words: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), peripheral nerve stimulation, electrodes, IPG, PNS, implantable pulse generator, complications, epidural electrodes, paddle electrodes, percutaneous electrodes, restorative stimulation
Cardiovascular System: Part II
Authors: Levesque Vanetta 
Published: January 2021

This chapter gives an overview of blood circulation, then focuses on regional blood flow to a number of organs, and ends with a description of the microcirculation. It begins with venous return and blood volume. Most blood volume is contained within the venous system, and the chapter describes several mechanisms that allow for this volume of blood to be returned to the right heart. Next it describes the various means by which the blood circulation and volume are controlled. The chapter devotes considerable time describing the central, peripheral, and hormonal regulation of circulation and blood volume. Next, regional blood flow is described. Blood flow in different regions of the body is usually autoregulated, and variably controlled by the autonomic nervous system, and various humoral agents. The final section describes the mechanism by which blood flow in the microcirculation delivers nutrients, and removes wastes from the tissue by diffusion. Also described are the regulation of the microcirculation by pre and post capillary sphincters, and the effect of viscosity.
This review contains 5 figures, and 40 references.
Keywords: venous return, vascular compliance, venous capacitance, vasomotor center, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), microcirculation, regional blood flow, mixed venous oxygen saturation
Carbamylated HDL and Mortality Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lui David T.W. , Cheung Ching-Lung , Lee Alan C.H. , Wong Ying , Shiu Sammy W.M. , Tan Kathryn C.B. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
Carbamylation is part of the aging process and causes adverse changes in the structure and function of proteins. Lipoproteins are subjected to carbamylation. We investigated the usefulness of carbamylated HDL as a prognostic indicator of survival in patients with type 2 diabetes and the association with mortality outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Baseline plasma carbamylated HDL was measured by ELISA in a cohort of 1,517 patients with type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were cause-specific deaths, including cardiovascular, renal, infection, and cancer related.

RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 14 years, 292 patients died, and the mortality rate was 14.5 per 1,000 person-years. Plasma carbamylated HDL level was higher in those with a fatal outcome (46.1 ± 17.8 µg/mL vs. 32.9 ± 10.7; P &lt; 0.01). Patients in the third (hazard ratio [HR] 2.11; 95% CI 1.40–3.17; P &lt; 0.001) and fourth quartiles (HR 6.55; 95% CI 4.67–9.77; P &lt; 0.001) of carbamylated HDL had increased mortality risk. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, elevated carbamylated HDL was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.28–1.52; P &lt; 0.001) as well as with all the cause-specific mortalities. Adding plasma carbamylated HDL level improved the power of the multivariable models for predicting all-cause mortality, with significant increments in C index (from 0.78 to 0.80; P &lt; 0.001), net reclassification index, and integrated discrimination improvement.

CONCLUSIONS
Carbamylation of HDL renders HDL dysfunctional, and carbamylated HDL is independently associated with mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence of pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastasis at presentation in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Villedieu Erika J. , Petite Audrey F. , Godolphin Janet D. , Bacon Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastasis at the time of initial presentation in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) and no previous related thoracic diagnostic imaging.

ANIMALS
146 client-owned dogs with a cutaneous or subcutaneous STS.

PROCEDURES
Medical records were retrospectively searched to identify dogs with STSs that underwent initial thoracic diagnostic imaging when presented for referral examination between September 2014 and March 2018. Data collected included patient and tumor characteristics. Results were evaluated for dogs grouped on the basis of variables of interest (eg, STS grade, duration, or history).

RESULTS
Initial thoracic imaging was performed with CT (131/146 [89.7%]) or radiography (15 [10.3%]). Although the presence or absence of pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastasis on thoracic imaging was uncertain in 9 dogs, it was certain in the remaining 137 dogs, with nodules present in 16 (11.7%) dogs (5/77 [6%] with grade 1 STSs, 2/36 [6%] with grade 2 STSs, and 9/24 [38%] with grade 3 STSs). The odds of such pulmonary nodules being present on initial examination were higher (OR, 10.8 and 3.14, respectively) for dogs with grade 3 STSs (vs grade 1 or 2 STSs) and for dogs with an STS duration > 3 months (versus ≤ 3 months).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that pulmonary staging was a low-yield diagnostic procedure for dogs with grade 1 or 2 cutaneous or subcutaneous STSs, especially when tumors had been present for ≤ 3 months.
Current attitudes of veterinarians and producers regarding the use of local and systemic analgesia in beef and dairy cattle in the United States
Authors: Johnstone Elizabeth C. S. , Coetzee Johann F. , Pinedo Pablo J. , Edwards-Callaway Lily 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To survey cattle producers and veterinarians about the use of analgesia on US cattle operations.

SAMPLE
1,187 members of the following database, electronic mailing lists, and social media groups: FarmProgress master file, American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Academy of Veterinary Consultants, National Milk Producers Federation Farm Evaluators, Dairy Moms Facebook group, and Dairy Girl Network Facebook group.

PROCEDURES
An online survey was developed to gather information about the frequency of local and systemic analgesia use for common painful procedures and diseases in cattle < 2, 2 to 12, and > 12 months old. Respondents also rated their extent of agreement with each of 10 statements related to pain management in cattle. The survey was available from June 11 to August 10, 2018. Descriptive data were generated. Logistic regression was used for comparisons among cattle age groups and respondents on the basis of their industry role.

RESULTS
In general, frequency of analgesia use increased as cattle age increased, regardless of the procedure or disease. The odds of analgesia use were lower for men, compared with women, and greater for veterinarians, compared with producers. Many respondents indicated they were cognizant of the benefits of analgesia use in cattle but perceived federal regulations and drug costs as impediments to the implementation of pain mitigation protocols on cattle operations.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results provided insight into current perceptions and use of analgesia in cattle, which can be used to guide implementation of pain mitigation protocols on US beef and dairy cattle operations.
Controle de gemas laterais sobre a evolução da dormência de gemas apicais em macieira
Authors: Anzanello Rafael , Fialho Flávio Bello , Santos Henrique Pessoa dos , Marodin Gilmar Arduino Bettio 
Published: January 2021

A influência da dominância apical é amplamente estudada em frutíferas, porém trabalhos que evidenciem o efeito contrário são pouco conhecidos. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência das gemas laterais (GL) sobre a brotação da gema apical (GA) em ramos de macieira. Amostraram-se brindilas, de 20-25 cm da cv. Castel Gala, em maio/2010 e junho/2011, em Papanduva-SC. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Uva e Vinho – Bento Gonçalves/RS. Os tratamentos foram: i) 2010 - I: estaca intacta; A: remoção alternada de 50% das GL ao longo do ramo; SI: remoção das GL inferiores do ramo (50%); SS: remoção das GL superiores do ramo (50%); SL: remoção de todas as GL do ramo e SA: remoção da GA do ramo; ii) 2011 - I: estaca intacta; SS: remoção das GL superiores do ramo (50%); FSLS: estaca intacta com ferimento abaixo das GL superiores. As estacas foram submetidas à 3ºC por 168, 336 e 504 horas de frio (HF), em 2010, e 456 HF, em 2011, sendo posteriormente transferidas para 25°C, para avaliação da brotação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repetições por tratamento e 40 estacas por parcela. Avaliaram-se os dados quanto aos parâmetros brotação máxima, precocidade e uniformidade. O aumento de HF elevou a quantidade de GA brotadas, devido à superação da dormência. As GL foram fortemente afetadas pela dominância apical, independentemente do período de frio. Os tratamentos com presença de GL superiores proporcionaram menor percentual de brotação máxima e menor precocidade e uniformidade de brotação das GA se comparados aos demais tratamentos. As GA sofrem influência das GL, especialmente das situadas próximas à extremidade superior dos ramos.
Efficacy of Oxytocin Massage on Involution of Uterus Among Postnatal Mothers
Authors: Jagadeeswari J  , Prathap Mohan M  
Published: January 2021

After a lady has cautiously accommodated the physiologic adversities of pregnancy and three phases of work, the consideration of essentially everybody regularly goes to the baby. Absence of sufficient uterine withdrawals during the puerperium can repress the cycle of uterine involution leading to many complications. The study aim is to assess the efficacy of oxytocin massage on involution of the uterus in the experimental and control group among postnatal mothers. A quasi-experimental research design was conducted among 60 postnatal mothers who were selected by Convenience sampling technique. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect the demographical data and by measuring the length between the fundus of the uterus and Symphysis Pubis with a measuring tape. Oxytocin massage was given for 15 minutes from 1st- 5th postnatal day. Among 60 samples in the experimental group the level of involution among postnatal mothers in the experimental group, 6 had good involution, 14 had average involution and 10 had poor involution. In the present study, there was a statistically significant association in Postnatal vaginal bleeding and breastfeeding frequency which had shown statistically significant association with post-test level of involution of the uterus among postnatal mothers in the experimental group at p<0.05 level and the other variables had not shown statistical significance. This reveals that oxytocin massage is highly significant in the experimental group because oxytocin hormone which is secreted by the neurons of the hypothalamus during massage stimulates the contraction of uterine smooth muscle by increasing the sodium permeability of uterine myofibrils.
Evaluation of Risk of Periodontitis In Children- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Vaishali S  , Ganesh Jeevanandan  , Revathi Duraisamy  
Published: January 2021

Periodontitis is one of the most common recurring diseases in the oral cavity and is marked by the destruction of connective tissue and alveolar bone support which provokes an inflammatory host response following infection by periodontal microorganisms. Periodontal diseases have greater importance in public health globally due to increased prevalence rates and distinguishable social impact on oral health. The aim of this present study is to assess the risk of periodontitis in children. This is a university setting study. One hundred children were randomly selected who reported to Saveetha Dental College. The factors which were assessed are periodontal status, medical condition and oral hygiene status of the children and compared. Out of 100 children, 54% were males and 46% were females. Periodontal disease was present in 17% of the study population. There was a positive correlation between periodontal disease and oral hygiene index. Oral hygiene was compromised in children with periodontitis when compared with other children (p=0.001). No significant association was found between periodontal status and medical condition (p>0.05). Within the limits of the present study, it is observed that periodontal disease has a strong association with the oral hygiene of the children.
Perspectivas de la escuela tradicional, nueva y contemporánea
Authors: Espíndola Juárez María de la Luz , Granillo Macías Rafael 
Published: January 2021

Los diferentes paradigmas educativos que han surgido a través de décadas, han enfrentado diferentes cambios de acuerdo a las necesidades de la sociedad, en particular de los alumnos, docentes y contenidos temáticos, para beneficio de nuestra nación. Dentro de este trabajo, se pueden destacar algunas características, autores, ventajas y desventajas de cada una de las escuelas, tradicional, nueva y contemporánea.

Es importante que podamos comparar cada uno de estos enfoques, con los cuales, además de conocer acerca de los antecedentes, conoceremos las estrategias de enseñanza eficaces de cada uno de estos paradigmas, junto con el rol del docente y del alumno. También se abordaron los principales actores de cada enfoque, permitiendo tener un panorama general de la escuela tradicional, la escuela nueva y la escuela contemporánea.
Diseño de un convertidor de energía undimotríz en baja escala
Authors: Alcala Janeth , Gudiño-Lau Jorge , Charre Saida , Vélez Daniel , Durán-Fonseca Miguel 
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se presenta la propuesta del diseño de un prototipo experimental que permite generar electricidad mediante el aprovechamiento de la energía undimotríz. A lo largo del trabajo se abordan las condiciones de interés para el sistema oleaje, los sistemas actuales que se han desarrollado para captación de energía undimotríz, se presenta el diseño de la propuesta y los resultados experimentales se evalúan con un prototipo a baja escala.
VEGF-A and PD-L1 Immunoexpression Association with Meningioma Histopathology Grade
Authors: Yunnica Yunnica , Afiati Afiati , Usman Hermin Aminah , Hernowo Bethy Surjawathy 
Published: January 2021

Histopathology grade of meningioma is one of the most common factors determining the prognosis and affects the risk of recurrence and aggressiveness of the tumor. Biological factors related to histopathological grade are vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This research aimed to understand the association between VEGF-A and PD-L1 with meningioma histopathology grade. This is in vivo research on 60 paraffin blocks of meningioma cases at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from April to November 2018. Paraffin block samples consist of grade I (30), grade II (15), and grade III (15) meningioma. Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF-A and PD-L1 performed to all samples. Data analyzed using the chi-square test with SPSS version 24.0 for Windows. The result shows a significant association between VEGF-A and PD-L1 immunoexpression with meningioma histopathology grade. PD-L1 is the most potent factor that influenced the histopathology grade of meningioma. The study concluded that the histopathology grade of meningiomas influenced by angiogenesis and immune checkpoints. VEGF-A and PD-L1 immunoexpression in meningioma considered as a factor that influences the aggressiveness of meningioma. HUBUNGAN IMUNOEKSPRESI VEGF-A DAN PD-L1 DENGAN DERAJAT HISTOPATOLOGI MENINGIOMADerajat histopatologi meningioma merupakan salah satu faktor yang paling umum menentukan prognosis serta memengaruhi risiko rekurensi dan agresivitas tumor. Faktor biologi yang berhubungan dengan derajat histopatologi adalah vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) dan programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan imunoekspresi VEGF-A dan PD-L1 dengan derajat histopatologi meningioma. Penelitian in vivo dilakukan pada 60 blok parafin kasus meningioma di Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dari April hingga November 2018. Sampel blok parafin terdiri atas meningioma derajat I (30), derajat II (15), dan derajat III (15). Pulasan imunohistokimia VEGF-A dan PD-L1 dilakukan terhadap semua sampel. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dengam SPSS versi 24.0 untuk Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara VEGF-A dan PD-L1 dengan derajat histopatologi meningioma. PD-L1 merupakan faktor paling kuat yang memengaruhi derajat histopatologi meningioma. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah derajat histopatologi meningioma dipengaruhi oleh faktor angiogenesis dan immune check point. Imunoekspresi VEGF-A dan PD-L1 pada meningioma dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi agresivitas meningioma.
“Penggunaan Flip Book Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Siswa pada Aspek Kognitif Tingkat Rendah (Quasi Eksperimen Pokok Bahasan Tenses pada Siswa Kelas XII Semester I di SMAN 16 Garut)”
Authors: Mubarok Teten Mohamad sapril 
Published: January 2021

The research was conducted in an effort to find out the differences between students who were taught by using Flip book and those who were taught without using the Flip book in mastery of low level of cognitive aspects. This research design was a quasi-experimental using two groups. In the experimental group was applied the learning process of learning media flipbook while the control group it was not applied the learning media flipbook. The Subjects in this study were 35 students of XII IPA 5 class as an experimental class and 35 students of XII IPA 4 as the control class in SMAN 16 Garut. The research Result showed that: (1) The Mastery of the cognitive aspects of low-level concept of tenses in English Language Learning in SMAN 16 Garut before it was given the study treatment by applying the learning media flipbook in the learning process are at low qualifying on aspects of knowledge, understanding and aspects of the application, (2) The mastery of Cognitive low-level Aspects of tenses in English Language Learning in SMAN 16 Garut after applying research treatment increased. Classes that implement instructional media flipbook increased on aspects of knowledge into high qualifications, aspects of the understanding and application increased into medium qualification, whereas classes that did not implement instructional media flipbook, aspect of knowledge and understanding increased into medium qualification and low qualifying for aspects of the application , (3) There were significant different increase in the cognitive aspects of low-level in mastery of the concept of tenses between students who learn by applying the learning media flipbook with students who learnt without implementing instructional media flipbook in English learning at XII IPA class at SMAN 16 Garut. Keywords: Flipbook, Cognitive Aspects of Learning Outcomes, tenses, English Language Learning.