bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional visual mismatch negativity: a joint investigation of social and non-social dimensions in adults with autism
Authors: Kovarski Klara , Charpentier Judith , Roux Sylvie , Batty Magali , Houy-Durand Emmanuelle , Gomot Marie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnusual behaviors and brain activity to socio-emotional stimuli have been reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Atypical reactivity to change and intolerance of uncertainty are also present, but little is known on their possible impact on facial expression processing in autism. The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) is an electrophysiological response automatically elicited by changing events such as deviant emotional faces presented among regular neutral faces. While vMMN has been found altered in ASD in response to low-level changes in simple stimuli, no study has investigated this response to visual social stimuli. Here two deviant expressions were presented, neutral and angry, embedded in a sequence of repetitive neutral stimuli. vMMN peak analyses were performed for latency and amplitude in early and late time windows. The ASD group presented smaller amplitude of the late vMMN to both neutral and emotional deviants compared to the typically developed adults (TD) group, and only the TD group presented a sustained activity related to emotional change (i.e., angry deviant). Source reconstruction of the vMMNs further revealed that any change processing elicited a reduced activity in ASD group compared to TD in the saliency network, while the specific processing emotional change elicited activity in the temporal region and in the insula. This study confirms atypical change processing in ASD and points to a specific difficulty in the processing of emotional changes, potentially playing a crucial role in social interaction deficits. Nevertheless, these results require to be further replicated with a greater sample size and generalized to other emotional expressions.
Transcranial direct current stimulation induces long-term potentiation-like plasticity in the human visual cortex
Authors: Frase Lukas , Mertens Lydia , Krahl Arno , Bhatia Kriti , Feige Bernd , Heinrich Sven P. , Vestring Stefan , Nissen Christoph , Domschke Katharina , Bach Michael , Normann Claus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is increasingly used as a form of noninvasive brain stimulation to treat psychiatric disorders; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Prolonged visual stimulation (PVS) can enhance evoked EEG potentials (visually evoked potentials, VEPs) and has been proposed as a tool to examine long-term potentiation (LTP) in humans. The objective of the current study was to induce and analyze VEP plasticity and examine whether tDCS could either modulate or mimic plasticity changes induced by PVS. Thirty-eight healthy participants received tDCS, PVS, either treatment combined or neither treatment, with stimulation sessions being separated by one week. One session consisted of a baseline VEP measurement, one stimulation block, and six test VEP measurements. For PVS, a checkerboard reversal pattern was presented, and for tDCS, a constant current of 1 mA was applied via each bioccipital anodal target electrode for 10 min (Fig. S1). Both stimulation types decreased amplitudes of C1 compared to no stimulation (F = 10.1; p = 0.002) and led to a significantly smaller increase (PVS) or even decrease (tDCS) in N1 compared to no stimulation (F = 4.7; p = 0.034). While all stimulation types increased P1 amplitudes, the linear mixed effects model did not detect a significant difference between active stimulation and no stimulation. Combined stimulation induced sustained plastic modulation of C1 and N1 but with a smaller effect size than what would be expected for an additive effect. The results demonstrate that tDCS can directly induce LTP-like plasticity in the human cortex and suggest a mechanism of action of tDCS relying on the restoration of dysregulated synaptic plasticity in psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia.
Stable habituation deficits in the early stage of psychosis: a 2-year follow-up study
Authors: Avery Suzanne N. , McHugo Maureen , Armstrong Kristan , Blackford Jennifer Urbano , Woodward Neil D. , Heckers Stephan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeural habituation, the decrease in brain response to repeated stimuli, is a fundamental, highly conserved mechanism that acts as an essential filter for our complex sensory environment. Convergent evidence indicates neural habituation is disrupted in both early and chronic stages of schizophrenia, with deficits co-occurring in brain regions that show inhibitory dysfunction. As inhibitory deficits have been proposed to contribute to the onset and progression of illness, habituation may be an important treatment target. However, a crucial first step is clarifying whether habituation deficits progress with illness. In the present study, we measured neural habituation in 138 participants (70 early psychosis patients (<2 years of illness), 68 healthy controls), with 108 participants assessed longitudinally at both baseline and 2-year follow-up. At follow-up, all early psychosis patients met criteria for a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (i.e., schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder). Habituation slopes (i.e., rate of fMRI signal change) to repeated images were computed for the anterior hippocampus, occipital cortex, and the fusiform face area. Habituation slopes were entered into a linear mixed model to test for effects of group and time by region. We found that early psychosis patients showed habituation deficits relative to healthy control participants across brain regions, and that these deficits were maintained, but did not worsen, over two years. These results suggest a stable period of habituation deficits in the early stage of schizophrenia.
Incidence of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) including CNS relapse in a population-based cohort of 4243 patients in Sweden
Authors: Harrysson Sara , Eloranta Sandra , Ekberg Sara , Enblad Gunilla , Jerkeman Mats , Wahlin Bjorn E. , Andersson Per-Ola , Smedby Karin E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe performed a national population-based study of all patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in Sweden in 2007–2014 to assess treatment intent and risk of relapsed/refractory disease, including central nervous system (CNS) relapse, in the presence of competing risks. Overall, 84% of patients started treatment with curative intent (anthracycline-based) (n = 3550, median age 69 years), whereas 14% did not (n = 594, median age 84 years) (for 2% the intent was uncertain). Patients treated with curative intent had a 5-year OS of 65.3% (95% CI: 63.7–66.9). The median OS among non-curatively treated patients was 2.9 months. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapsed/refractory disease in curative patients was 23.1% (95% CI: 21.7–24.6, n = 847). The 2-year cumulative incidence of CNS relapse was 3.0% (95% CI: 2.5–3.6, n = 118) overall, and 8.0% (95% CI: 6.0–10.6, n = 48) among patients with high CNS-IPI (4–6), when considering other relapse locations and death as competing events. The incidence of relapsed/refractory DLBCL overall and in the CNS was lower than in previous reports, still one in seven patients was not considered fit enough to start standard immunochemotherapy at diagnosis. These results are important for quantification of groups of DLBCL patients with poor prognosis requiring completely different types of interventions.
Adiponectin signalling in bone homeostasis, with age and in disease
Authors: Lewis Jonathan W. , Edwards James R. , Naylor Amy J. , McGettrick Helen M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Within the bone, osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors, however, there are conflicting reports on the effects of adiponectin on bone formation and turnover. Many studies have shown a pro-osteogenic role for adiponectin in in vivo murine models and in vitro: with increased osteoblast differentiation and activity, alongside lower levels of osteoclastogenesis. However, human studies often demonstrate an inverse relationship between adiponectin concentration and bone activity. Moreover, the presence of multiple isoforms of adiponectin and multiple receptor subtypes has the potential to lead to more complex signalling and functional consequences. As such, we still do not fully understand the importance of the adiponectin signalling pathway in regulating bone homeostasis and repair in health, with age and in disease. In this review, we explore our current understanding of adiponectin bioactivity in the bone; the significance of its different isoforms; and how adiponectin biology is altered in disease. Ultimately, furthering our understanding of adiponectin regulation of bone biology is key to developing pharmacological and non-pharmacological (lifestyle) interventions that target adiponectin signalling to boost bone growth and repair in healthy ageing, following injury or in disease.
Hepatitis B virus particles activate B cells through the TLR2–MyD88–mTOR axis
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Jun , Islam Heba , Kirschning Carsten , Lu Hongzhou , Hoffmann Daniel , Dittmer Ulf , Lu Mengji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHost immune control plays a pivotal role in resolving primary hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) infections. The complex interaction between HBV and host immune cells, however, remains unclear. In this study, the transcriptional profiling of specimens from animals infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) indicated TLR2 mRNA accumulation as most strongly impacted during WHV infection resolution as compared to other mRNAs. Analysis of blood transcriptional modules demonstrated that monocytes and B-cells were the predominantly activated cell types in animals that showed resolution of infection, which was similar to the response of TLR2-stimulated PBMCs. Further investigation of TLR2-stimulated B-cells pointed at interactions between activated TLR signaling, Akt-mTOR, and glucose metabolic pathways. Moreover, analysis of B-cells from Tlr2−/−, Trif−/−, Myd88−/−, and Trif/Myd88−/− mice challenged with HBV particles indicated B-cell function and glucose metabolism alterations is TLR2-MyD88-mTOR axis dependent. Overall, our study implicates B-cell TLR2 activation in HBV infection resolution.
Earliest Olduvai hominins exploited unstable environments ~ 2 million years ago
Authors: Mercader Julio , Akuku Pam , Boivin Nicole , Bugumba Revocatus , Bushozi Pastory , Camacho Alfredo , Carter Tristan , Clarke Siobhán , Cueva-Temprana Arturo , Durkin Paul , Favreau Julien , Fella Kelvin , Haberle Simon , Hubbard Stephen , Inwood Jamie , Itambu Makarius , Koromo Samson , Lee Patrick , Mohammed Abdallah , Mwambwiga Aloyce , Olesilau Lucas , Patalano Robert , Roberts Patrick , Rule Susan , Saladie Palmira , Siljedal Gunnar , Soto María , Umbsaar Jonathan , Petraglia Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRapid environmental change is a catalyst for human evolution, driving dietary innovations, habitat diversification, and dispersal. However, there is a dearth of information to assess hominin adaptions to changing physiography during key evolutionary stages such as the early Pleistocene. Here we report a multiproxy dataset from Ewass Oldupa, in the Western Plio-Pleistocene rift basin of Olduvai Gorge (now Oldupai), Tanzania, to address this lacuna and offer an ecological perspective on human adaptability two million years ago. Oldupai’s earliest hominins sequentially inhabited the floodplains of sinuous channels, then river-influenced contexts, which now comprises the oldest palaeolake setting documented regionally. Early Oldowan tools reveal a homogenous technology to utilise diverse, rapidly changing environments that ranged from fern meadows to woodland mosaics, naturally burned landscapes, to lakeside woodland/palm groves as well as hyper-xeric steppes. Hominins periodically used emerging landscapes and disturbance biomes multiple times over 235,000 years, thus predating by more than 180,000 years the earliest known hominins and Oldowan industries from the Eastern side of the basin.
Catalytically potent and selective clusterzymes for modulation of neuroinflammation through single-atom substitutions
Authors: Liu Haile , Li Yonghui , Sun Si , Xin Qi , Liu Shuhu , Mu Xiaoyu , Yuan Xun , Chen Ke , Wang Hao , Varga Kalman , Mi Wenbo , Yang Jiang , Zhang Xiao-Dong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmerging artificial enzymes with reprogrammed and augmented catalytic activity and substrate selectivity have long been pursued with sustained efforts. The majority of current candidates have rather poor catalytic activity compared with natural molecules. To tackle this limitation, we design artificial enzymes based on a structurally well-defined Au25 cluster, namely clusterzymes, which are endowed with intrinsic high catalytic activity and selectivity driven by single-atom substitutions with modulated bond lengths. Au24Cu1 and Au24Cd1 clusterzymes exhibit 137 and 160 times higher antioxidant capacities than natural trolox, respectively. Meanwhile, the clusterzymes demonstrate preferential enzyme-mimicking catalytic activities, with Au25, Au24Cu1 and Au24Cd1 displaying compelling selectivity in glutathione peroxidase-like (GPx-like), catalase-like (CAT-like) and superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) activities, respectively. Au24Cu1 decreases peroxide in injured brain via catalytic reactions, while Au24Cd1 preferentially uses superoxide and nitrogenous signal molecules as substrates, and significantly decreases inflammation factors, indicative of an important role in mitigating neuroinflammation.
Optimal COVID-19 quarantine and testing strategies
Authors: Wells Chad R. , Townsend Jeffrey P. , Pandey Abhishek , Moghadas Seyed M. , Krieger Gary , Singer Burton , McDonald Robert H. , Fitzpatrick Meagan C. , Galvani Alison P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor COVID-19, it is vital to understand if quarantines shorter than 14 days can be equally effective with judiciously deployed testing. Here, we develop a mathematical model that quantifies the probability of post-quarantine transmission incorporating testing into travel quarantine, quarantine of traced contacts with an unknown time of infection, and quarantine of cases with a known time of exposure. We find that testing on exit (or entry and exit) can reduce the duration of a 14-day quarantine by 50%, while testing on entry shortens quarantine by at most one day. In a real-world test of our theory applied to offshore oil rig employees, 47 positives were obtained with testing on entry and exit to quarantine, of which 16 had tested negative at entry; preventing an expected nine offshore transmission events that each could have led to outbreaks. We show that appropriately timed testing can make shorter quarantines effective.
Relationship Between Organizational Culture, Employee Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Jigjiddorj Sarantuya , Zanabazar Altanchimeg , Jambal Tsolmon , Semjid Buyankhishig 
Published: January 2021

Organizational culture is an important human resource management issue that affects the success and sustainability of a company. In organizational settings, culture describes what is unique about an organization, as expressed by the shared beliefs and values established by the founders and communicated through different ways. This shapes employees´ perceptions and behaviour, as well as the principles that apply to members of an organization.
Job satisfaction refers to an employee´s feelings about their job and is frequently studied in relation to organizational culture and other variables, such as job commitment, performance and organizational commitment.
Organizational commitment refers to whether an employee wishes to continue working for an organization or leave it. Employees tend to be attracted to those organizations with a culture that values their work and focuses on organizational wellbeing. There is a positive relationship between organizational culture, job satisfaction and the organizational commitment of employees.
Qualitätssicherung in der Intensivmedizin: Peer Reviews und Qualitätsindikatoren
Authors: Kumpf Oliver , Nothacker Monika , Dubb Rolf , Kaltwasser Arnold , Brinkmann Alexander , Greim Clemens-A. , Wildenauer René 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungFür eine gute medizinische Behandlungsqualität ist ein zielorientiertes Qualitätsmanagement notwendig. Dadurch werden zentrale Aspekte des Behandlungsprozesses transparent, um Entwicklungspotenziale zu identifizieren und durch externe Qualitätssicherung vergleichbar zu sein. Dieser Beitrag stellt die hierfür wesentlichen Verfahren vor – mit dem Fokus auf Verfahren der formativen Evaluation (Peer Review) und prozessbasierten Qualitätsindikatoren.
Study of Hearing Impairment in School-Going Children of Ghaziabad
Authors: Gaur Sushil , Arora Udita , Singh Vandana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroduction Hearing is one of the traditional five senses that is also the fastest sense. Inadequate hearing acuity especially during early age has serious effects on the development of a child’s personality. According to World Health Organization, around 466 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss and of these ~34 million are children. Hearing loss in children may occur due to several reasons, but ~60% of childhood hearing loss occurs from preventable causes. An early detection of these conditions plays an important role in reduction in magnitude of this problem.Aims and Objectives The motive of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment among school-going children in Ghaziabad on the basis of otological findings and tuning fork tests.Materials and Methods A random sample of 500 school-going children between the ages of 6 to 14 years was selected from children attending ENT OPD in Santosh Hospital, Ghaziabad, over a period of 8 months from July 2019 till February 2020.Results and Conclusion Prevalence rate encountered in this study was 13%, with unilateral hearing loss being more common than bilateral. The commonest cause was found to be cerumen. A higher prevalence was found in children from semiurban and low socioeconomic background. Since the commonest cause is preventable and readily correctable by proper management, early detection can reduce the burden of this disability.
Socioeconomic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes with Complications on Families: A Hospital-Based Study in Puducherry
Authors: Chinnusamy Manokaran , Janakiraman Sathiyanarayanan , Elayidath Roshna , Arvind Ram , Surendran Pravin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction India is on the verge of diabetes mellitus (DM) epidemic. Within the near future, DM will put a big burden on India’s already vulnerable and resourced health care system. The objectives of the study were to (1) estimate DM treatment-related out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) among type 2 DM patients with complications from a tertiary care hospital and (2) estimate the economic burden on the household income of these patients due to DM treatment-related OOPE.
Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among known type 2 diabetic individuals with complications admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Using a structured pretested questionnaire required data, such as sociodemographic details, direct costs, and indirect costs in health care of DM, which were collected by a personal interview method.
Results Males constituted around 57% of the 100 patients who participated in the study. The average age of the population was 56 ± 10.03 years. The mean monthly income of family (in Indian Rupees [INR]) was 10,375.00 ± 9,201.55. Total expenditure includes the cost of medication, investigation, consultation fee, transportation, and miscellaneous expenditure. The average monthly OOPE in the management of DM for government and private facilities was INR 74 and 1,540, respectively. Among the total cost, the highest share was accrued toward medicines followed by diagnostics, miscellaneous, and transportation. There were 22% of families incurring catastrophic expenditure at the highest threshold of 40%. Socioeconomic status, history of at least one hospitalization in the past 6 months, and type of medications were factors found to be associated with costs.
Conclusion Heavy economic burden highlights the urgent need for the health care agencies and policy bodies to plan and prioritize local health policies and DM management schemes accordingly.
Investigation of performance measures of power generating unit of sewage treatment plant
Authors: Saini Monika , Goyal Drishty , Kumar Ashish , Sinwar Deepak 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The main objective of present study to investigate the availability and profit of power generation systems established in sewage treatment plants. The sewage treatment plant is an industry in which waste sewage water has been treated and waste is used to generate power. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been proposed by considering constant failure and repair rates. The power generating unit in sewage treatment plant comprises six subsystems as sludge digester, gas holding tank, gas burner, gas scrubber, gas engine and power generation. By using appropriate redundancy technique in model development Chapman-Kolmogorov differential equations has been drawn with the help of the Markov birth death process. Availability and profit have been analysed based on making variation in the failure and repair rates. The numerical and graphical results have been depicted for a particular case. The derived results have been discussed with system designers and found useful.
A Novel Model for Building Digital Infrastructure for Biodiversity Studies
Authors: Dhindsa A , Bhatia S , Agrawal S , Sohi B S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this research work, a novel proposal has been given to build a digital infrastructure for conducting Biodiversity studies. The proposed system allows citizens and professionals to come together and work on a common platform. This system supports different types of data such as protein, gene, video, image, text, and sound which enables it to support all kinds of instrumentation. Also, this system can be used for connecting telescopes, probes, sensors, cameras, and microscopes with the cloud and data can be stored in real time. The system allows the use of international standards such as Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) for building biodiversity data. It is a collaborative system where discussion on identification and validation of the organisms can be done through seamless integration with third party applications.