bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term crestal bone changes in implants placed in augmented sinuses with minimal or moderate remaining alveolar bone: A 10‐year retrospective case‐series study
Authors: Urban Istvan A. , Ravidà Andrea , Saleh Muhammad H.A. , Galli Matthew , Lozada Jaime , Farkasdi Sandor , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate long‐term clinical and radiographic outcomes of dental implants placed after lateral window sinus augmentation utilizing the sagittal sandwich technique.Materials and MethodsPatients treated with sinus augmentation were included in this retrospective case‐series study. The surgical procedure was performed with particulate autogenous bone‐ and anorganic bovine bone‐derived mineral (3:7 ratio). Implants were grouped based on baseline residual alveolar ridge height: group S (residual alveolar ridge height of 0.1–3.5 mm), group M (height of 3.5‐7mm), and group C (native bone). Radiographs were taken at baseline (abutment installation) and annually throughout the 10‐year follow‐up.ResultsA total of 86 patients (92 sinus lifts) and 209 implants were included. Ten sinus membrane perforations were recorded (11% incidence), and graft infections occurred in 3 cases (3.2% incidence). During the 10‐year follow‐up, 3 implants (1.4%) failed. No significant differences in the mean implant marginal bone loss (MBL) between the three groups were found after 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year follow‐up (p > .05). At 10 years, group C exhibited more MBL than group M with a mean difference of −0.53 mm (p = .01). After 10 years, MK III implants displayed significantly more bone loss in native bone than those in augmented bone with a mean difference of 0.48 mm (p = .02). Five patients and 7 implants developed peri‐implantitis with no significant differences between the groups (p = .570).ConclusionImplant placement after two‐stage sinus grafting utilizing the sagittal sandwich technique is a relatively safe and predictable procedure with minimal complications and MBL after 10‐year follow‐up.
High failure rates following ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract for transsphincteric anal fistulas: are preoperative MRI measurements of the fistula tract predictive of outcome?
Authors: Sarmiento‐Cobos Mauricio , Rosen Lester , Wasser Elliot , Yang Feng , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTreatment of transsphincteric fistulas (TSFs) with fistulotomy after an indwelling seton is tempered by risks of incontinence and litigation. Thus, ligation of the TSF tract has been popularized as an alternative option. We previously reported on 107 patients who underwent ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT), with a 46% failure rate. Posterior fistula was the only predictor of recurrence. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether the length, width or depth of the fistula measured on preoperative MRI was correlated with recurrence.MethodFollowing institutional review board approval, a retrospective analysis of our prospective Complex Anal Fistula Database from 1 January 2011 to 31 August 2019 was performed. Patients with TSF who underwent preoperative MRI and LIFT were included. Fistula location was classified as anterior, posterior or lateral. MRI measurements of fistula length, width and depth (in the intersphincteric groove) were performed. The type and rate of postoperative recurrence were analysed.Results173 patients underwent MRI for an anal fistula; of these 40 underwent LIFT and 22/40 (55%) had preoperative MRI. There was no difference in the length, width or depth of anterior (n = 9), posterior (n = 7) or lateral (n = 6) fistula tracts. The overall recurrence rate was 9/22 (41%). Posterior TSFs had the highest recurrence rate (5/7, 71%).ConclusionThe mean length, width, and depth of the fistula tract, measured at the preoperative site of LIFT in the intersphincteric groove, did not correlate with recurrence regardless of fistula location.
Rectifying the Mischaracterization of Logic by Mental Model Theorists
Authors: Bringsjord Selmer , Sundar Govindarajulu Naveen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKhemlani et al. (2018) mischaracterize logic in the course of seeking to show thatmental model theory(MMT) can accommodate a form of inference (, let us label it) they find in a high percentage of their subjects. We reveal their mischaracterization and, in so doing, lay a landscape for future modeling by cognitive scientists who may wonder whether human reasoning is consistent with, or perhaps even capturable by, reasoning in a logic or family thereof. Along the way, we note that the properties touted by Khemlani et al. as innovative aspects of MMT‐based modeling (e.g., nonmonotonicity) have for decades been, in logic, acknowledged and rigorously specified by families of (implemented) logics. Khemlani et al. (2018) further declare thatis “invalid in any modal logic.” We demonstrate this to be false by our introduction (Appendix A) of a new propositional modal logic (within a family of such logics) in whichis provably valid, and by the implementation of this logic. A second appendix, B, partially answers the two‐part question, “What is a formal logic, and what is it for one to capture empirical phenomena?”
Long non‐coding RNA 01126 promotes periodontitis pathogenesis of human periodontal ligament cells via miR‐518a‐5p/HIF‐1α/MAPK pathway
Authors: Zhou Mi , Hu Hui , Han Yineng , Li Jie , Zhang Yang , Tang Song , Yuan Yu , Zhang Xiaonan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease, which can cause periodontal ligament to a local hypoxia environment. However, the mechanism of hypoxia associated long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in periodontitis is still largely unknown.MethodsMicroarray was performed to detect the expression patterns of lncRNAs in 3 pairs of gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. The expression of lncRNA 01126 (LINC01126), miR‐518a‐5p and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) in periodontal tissues and in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under hypoxia was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and cell fraction assay were performed to determine the subcellular localization of LINC01126 and miR‐518a‐5p. Overexpression or knockdown of LINC01126 or HIF‐1α was used to confirm their biological roles in hPDLCs. MTT assays were performed to evaluate hPDLCs proliferation ability. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. ELISA was used to measure the expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α. Dual‐luciferase reporter assays were performed to assess the binding of miR‐518a‐5p to LINC01126 and HIF‐1α. RNA immunoprecipitation assay was used to identify whether LINC01126 and miR‐518a‐5p were significantly enriched in AGO‐containing micro‐ribonucleoprotein complexes.ResultsWe selected LINC01126, which was the most highly expressed lncRNA, to further verify its functions in periodontitis‐induced hypoxia. The expression of LINC01126 was increased in periodontal tissues. In vitro experiment demonstrated that LINC01126 suppressed proliferation, promoted apoptosis and inflammation of hPDLCs under hypoxia via sponging miR‐518a‐5p. Moreover, we identified HIF‐1α acted as a direct target of miR‐518a‐5p in hPDLCs and LINC01126 promoted periodontitis pathogenesis by regulating the miR‐518a‐5p/HIF‐1α/MAPK pathway.ConclusionLINC01126 promotes periodontitis pathogenesis of hPDLCs via miR‐518a‐5p/HIF‐1α/MAPK pathway, providing a possible clue for LINC01126‐based periodontal therapeutic approaches.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge vs. non‐bridging for lung transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wan Xiaolian , Bian Tao , Ye SuGao , Cai Peiquan , Yu Zhen , Zhu Jianrong , Zhang Wenxiong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplantation (BTT) can achieve a similar survival to non‐BTT remains controversial. We conducted this meta‐analysis to compare the outcomes between ECMO BTT and non‐BTT to facilitate better clinical decision‐making. Seven databases were searched for eligible studies comparing ECMO BTT and non‐BTT. The primary endpoints included survival, intraoperative indicators, postoperative hospitalization indicators, and postoperative complications. Nineteen studies (involving 7061 participants) were included in the final analysis. The outcomes of overall survival, overall survival rate, graft survival rate, in‐hospital mortality, postoperative hospital days, postoperative intensive care unit days, postoperative ventilation time, blood transfusion volume, and postoperative complications were all better in the non‐BTT group. The total mortality in ECMO bridging was 23.03%, in which the top five causes of death were right heart failure (8.03%), multiple organ failure (7.03%), bleeding (not cranial) (4.67%), cranial bleeding (3.15%), and sepsis (2.90%). In summary, Non‐BTT is associated with better survival and fewer complications compared to BTT. When ECMO may be the only option, the patient and medical team need to realize the increased risk of ECMO by complications and survival.
The incidence, clinical outcome, and protective factors of mixed chimerism following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Xu Zheng‐Li , Cheng Yi‐Fei , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Mo Xiao‐Dong , Han Ting‐Ting , Wang Feng‐Rong , Yan Chen‐Hua , Sun Yu‐Qian , Chen Yu‐Hong , Tang Fei‐Fei , Han Wei , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Xu Lan‐Ping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of our study was to determine possible predictors and clinical course of mixed chimerism (MC) in aplastic anemia after transplantation.MethodsA total of 207 transplants were obtained from haploidentical donors (HID) using busulfan (Bu), cyclophosphamide (Cy), and anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) regimens, and 69 transplants from matched related donors (MRD) and 29 transplants from unrelated donors (URD) using Cy/ATG regimens were obtained.ResultsIncidences of MC were 1.93 ± 0.01%, 20.29 ± 0.01%, and 35.71 ± 0.01% in HID, MRD, and URD transplantation (p < .001). In multivariate analysis, incidence of MC was significantly higher in patients without adding Bu in conditioning (p < .001) and receiving a lower number of CD3 + cells in graft (p = .042). MC was associated with significantly lower II‐IV aGvHD (3.70% vs. 27.7%, p = .007), but higher secondary graft rejection rates (14.8% vs. 0.4%, p < .001) and poorer overall survival (72.7 ± 8.9% vs. 89.6 ± 2.0%, p = .011) than those of donor chimerism cohort.ConclusionsMixed chimerism was an unsettling status even in non‐malignancy. Haploidentical transplantation with more intense regimen by adding Bu to Cy and ATG was associated with reduced MC following HSCT for SAA. An intensified regimen should be explored in matched related or unrelated donors.
Pharmacoenhancement of Low Crizotinib Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase‐Positive Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer using the CYP3A Inhibitor Cobicistat
Authors: Hohmann Nicolas , Bozorgmehr Farastuk , Christopoulos Petros , Mikus Gerd , Blank Antje , Burhenne Jürgen , Thomas Michael , Haefeli Walter E. 
Published: November 2020

The inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) crizotinib significantly increases survival in patients with ALK‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When evaluating crizotinib pharmacokinetics (PKs) in patients taking the standard flat oral dose of 250 mg b.i.d., interindividual PK variability is substantial and patient survival is lower in the quartile with the lowest steady‐state trough plasma concentrations (Cmin,ss), suggesting that concentrations should be monitored and doses individualized. We investigated whether the CYP3A inhibitor cobicistat increases Cmin,ss of the CYP3A substrate crizotinib in patients with low exposure. Patients with ALK‐positive NSCLC of our outpatient clinic treated with crizotinib were enrolled in a phase I trial (EudraCT 2016‐002187‐14, DRKS00012360) if crizotinib Cmin,ss was below 310 ng/mL and treated with cobicistat for 14 days. Crizotinib plasma concentration profiles were established before and after a 14‐day co‐administration of cobicistat to construct the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve in the dosing interval from zero to 12 hours (AUC0–12). Patients were also monitored for adverse events by physical examination, laboratory tests, and 12‐lead echocardiogram. Enrolment was prematurely stopped because of the approval of alectinib, a next‐generation ALK‐inhibitor with superior efficacy. In the only patient enrolled, cobicistat increased Cmin,ss from 158 ng/mL (before cobicistat) to 308 ng/mL (day 8) and 417 ng/mL (day 14 on cobicistat), concurrently the AUC0–12 increased by 78% from 2,210 ng/mL*h to 3,925 ng/mL*h. Neither safety signals nor serious adverse events occurred. Pharmacoenhancement with cobicistat as an alternative for dose individualisation for patients with NSCLC with low crizotinib exposure appears to be safe and is cost‐effective and feasible.
Utility of YAP1 and NUT immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of porocarcinoma
Authors: Russell‐Goldman Eleanor , Hornick Jason L. , Hanna John 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPorocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart of poroma, a benign tumor derived from the eccrine or apocrine units. In contrast to poroma, porocarcinoma is rare and its diagnosis may be challenging. Recent work has identified YAP1‐associated gene fusions in most poromas, and a subset of porocarcinomas. These included YAP1‐MAML2 and YAP1‐NUTM1, the latter being enriched in porocarcinomas over poromas.MethodsWe studied YAP1 C‐terminus and NUT immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 12 porocarcinomas, 10 poromas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas, and 6 hidradenocarcinomas.ResultsSeven of 12 (58%) porocarcinomas showed loss of YAP1 C‐terminus expression, consistent with a YAP1 fusion. Of these seven, five showed NUT positivity, implying the presence of the YAP1‐NUTM1 fusion. One of 12 (8%) cases showed NUT positivity, but retention of YAP1 C‐terminus expression, consistent with a non‐YAP1 NUT‐associated fusion. Eight of 10 (80%) poromas showed loss of YAP1 C‐terminus expression and negative NUT staining, consistent with non‐NUT YAP1 fusions. All squamous cell carcinomas and hidradenocarcinomas retained YAP1 C‐terminus expression and were negative for NUT.ConclusionYAP1 C‐terminus and NUT immunohistochemistry may be helpful in the diagnosis of porocarcinoma, with the combination of YAP1 C‐terminus loss and NUT positivity being particularly informative.
Impact of alcohol on mortality in Eastern Europe: Trends and policy responses
Authors: Jasilionis Domantas , Leon David A. , Pechholdová Markéta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWithin the global context, Eastern Europe has been repeatedly identified as the area with the highest levels of alcohol‐related health harms. Although the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, and the Soviet Union collapsed soon afterwards, alcohol‐related mortality in Eastern Europe remains far higher than in Western Europe. However, despite the high burden of alcohol harm and mortality in Eastern Europe, with the partial exception of Russia, relatively little is known about the country‐specific impact of alcohol on health and mortality and the various policy responses to it. In response to this, an international symposium was held in Vilnius, Lithuania in June 2017 entitled Persisting burden of alcohol in Central and Eastern Europe: recent evidence and measurement issues. This special section of Drug and Alcohol Review is based on a selection of the papers presented at this symposium, providing for the first time a broad overview of the problem of alcohol‐related mortality in a diverse range of Eastern European countries linked to a description and analysis of alcohol control initiatives that have been developed. While there is strong evidence of the influence of history, culture and education across European countries having a profound and persistent effect on differences in drinking patterns and preferences, there is, nevertheless, evidence that effective policy responses have been mounted in a range of countries.
Evaluating intraspecific variation in insect trait analysis
Authors: Gentile Giorgio , Bonelli Simona , Riva Federico 
Published: November 2020

Intraspecific variation plays important roles in ecology and evolution. Yet, information on how species and populations vary remains scarce, particularly for insects and regarding functional traits. This lack of knowledge can be problematic in trait‐based ecology because traditional approaches assume negligible intraspecific variation, even for analyses that assess highly variable taxa.
We measured 291 Arctic fritillary butterflies (Boloria chariclea) to assess the intraspecific variation in one population of this species, evaluating (i) how wingspan of Arctic fritillaries varies in relation to the other species of its community, and (ii) how well wingspan, a measure of body size, predicts weight, a measure of body mass.
Wingspan of Arctic fritillaries varied between 2.62 and 4.07 cm, with the 95% interval range, including ∼33% (14/42) of the species in the community, and ∼30% (84/279) of the butterflies of Canada. The relationship between wingspan and weight was significant (βwingspan = 0.002, SE = 0.0008, P < 0.001), but relatively weak (R2adj = 0.31, F2,288 = 67.82, P < 0.001).
We discuss our findings in relation to the assumption of species homogeneity and the use of proxies in the analysis of species traits, complementing our case study with simulations to illustrate how intraspecific and interspecific variation interact in determining when traditional trait analyses are robust. We suggest entomologists interested in trait analyses should critically evaluate how intraspecific variation could affect their inference, especially when evaluating species that are highly sexually dimorphic, phenotypically plastic, and/or distributed across broad environmental and spatial clines.
Altered sensorimotor fMRI directed connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Goelman Gadi , Dan Rotem , Růžička Filip , Bezdicek Ondrej , Jech Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDopamine depletion in the axons of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients precedes depletion in cell bodies thus proposing that macroscopic connectivity can be used to understand disease mechanism. A novel multivariate functional connectivity analysis, based on high order coherence among four fMRI BOLD signals was applied on resting‐state fMRI data of controls and PD patients (OFF and ON medication states) and unidirectional multiple‐region pathways in the sensorimotor system were identified. Pathways were classified as “preserved” (unaffected by the disease), “damaged” (not observed in patients) and “corrected” (observed in controls and in PD‐ON state). The majority of all pathways were feedforward, most of them with the pattern “S1→M1→SMA.” Of these pathways, 67% were “damaged,” 28% “preserved,” and 5% “corrected.” Prefrontal cortex (PFC) afferent and efferent pathways that corresponded to goal directed and habitual activities corresponded to recurrent circuits. Eighty‐one percent of habitual afferent had internal cue (i.e., M1→S1→), of them 79% were “damaged” and the rest “preserved.” All goal‐directed afferent had external cue (i.e., S1→M1→) with third “damaged,” third “preserved,” and third “corrected.” Corrected pathways were initiated in the dorsolateral PFC. Reduced connectivity of the SMA and PFC resulted from reduced sensorimotor afferent to these regions. Reduced sensorimotor internal cues to the PFC resulted with reduced habitual processes. Levodopa effects were for pathways that started in region reach with dopamine receptors. This methodology can enrich understudying of PD mechanisms in other (e.g., the default mode network) systems.
Shared internal models for feedforward and feedback control of arm dynamics in non‐human primates
Authors: Maeda Rodrigo S. , Kersten Rhonda , Pruszynski J. Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious work has shown that humans account for and learn novel properties or the arm's dynamics, and that such learning causes changes in both the predictive (i.e., feedforward) control of reaching and reflex (i.e., feedback) responses to mechanical perturbations. Here we show that similar observations hold in old‐world monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Two monkeys were trained to use an exoskeleton to perform a single‐joint elbow reaching and to respond to mechanical perturbations that created pure elbow motion. Both of these tasks engaged robust shoulder muscle activity as required to account for the torques that typically arise at the shoulder when the forearm rotates around the elbow joint (i.e., intersegmental dynamics). We altered these intersegmental arm dynamics by having the monkeys generate the same elbow movements with the shoulder joint either free to rotate, as normal, or fixed by the robotic manipulandum, which eliminates the shoulder torques caused by forearm rotation. After fixing the shoulder joint, we found a systematic reduction in shoulder muscle activity. In addition, after releasing the shoulder joint again, we found evidence of kinematic aftereffects (i.e., reach errors) in the direction predicted if failing to compensate for normal arm dynamics. We also tested whether such learning transfers to feedback responses evoked by mechanical perturbations and found a reduction in shoulder feedback responses, as appropriate for these altered arm intersegmental dynamics. Demonstrating this learning and transfer in non‐human primates will allow the investigation of the neural mechanisms involved in feedforward and feedback control of the arm's dynamics.
Landscape modification and nutrient‐driven instability at a distance
Authors: McCann Kevin S. , Cazelles Kevin , MacDougall Andrew S. , Fussmann Gregor F. , Bieg Carling , Cristescu Melania , Fryxell John M. , Gellner Gabriel , Lapointe Brian , Gonzalez Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlmost 50 years ago, Michael Rosenzweig pointed out that nutrient addition can destabilise food webs, leading to loss of species and reduced ecosystem function through the paradox of enrichment. Around the same time, David Tilman demonstrated that increased nutrient loading would also be expected to cause competitive exclusion leading to deleterious changes in food web diversity. While both concepts have greatly illuminated general diversity‐stability theory, we currently lack a coherent framework to predict how nutrients influence food web stability across a landscape. This is a vitally important gap in our understanding, given mounting evidence of serious ecological disruption arising from anthropogenic displacement of resources and organisms. Here, we combine contemporary theory on food webs and meta‐ecosystems to show that nutrient additions are indeed expected to drive loss in stability and function in human‐impacted regions. Our models suggest that destabilisation is more likely to be caused by the complete loss of an equilibrium due to edible plant species being competitively excluded. In highly modified landscapes, spatial nutrient transport theory suggests that such instabilities can be amplified over vast distances from the sites of nutrient addition. Consistent with this theoretical synthesis, the empirical frequency of these distant propagating ecosystem imbalances appears to be growing. This synthesis of theory and empirical data suggests that human modification of the Earth is strongly connecting distantly separated ecosystems, causing rapid, expansive and costly nutrient‐driven instabilities over vast areas of the planet. Similar to existing food web theory, the corollary to this spatial nutrient theory is that slowing down spatial nutrient pathways can be a potent means of stabilising degraded ecosystems.