bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS IN IRAQI SHEEP BREEDS
Authors: & et al. Hadi 
Published: October 2020

Genotypes and allele frequency values ​​were studied to determine the genetic diversity of three microsatellite markers (BM1329, BM134 and CSSM66) in two local Iraqi sheep breeds (50 Awasi ewes (AW) and 50 Naimi ewes (NA)) and breed in one Agricultural Stations in middle of Al-Furut Iraq (Karbala Governorate). The Genetic analyses for the study were carried out at the Biotechnology Research Center / Al-Nahrain University using PCR technology to obtain alleles for the studied microsatellites. The results of this study indicate that there is a multiplicity of genotypes and alleles resulting from these markers among the members of the single breed and between the studied breeds. It was revealed that the allele frequency values showed the presence of alleles dominant on the rest of alleles produce in this sample studied, the BM1329 microsatellite of the Awassi breed produced the dominant allele frequency in 195(0.25) and 320 (0.25), While in the Naimi breed were the values ​​of the dominant allele frequency of the195(0.22), 220(0.21) and 230(0.24), and the dominant allelic frequency of (BM134) marker in the Awassi breed was 118 and 135 and repeated (0.21 and 0.26, respectively). For CSSM66 microsatellite, the dominant allelic results and their allelic frequency values ​​were (195 (0.20), 205 (0.23) and 220 (0.25)) for Awasi breed, whereas it was 180 (0.24), 195 (0.28) and 220 (0.22) for Nuaimi breed. These results enable us to use these markers as a means of determining the diversity and genetic relationships between individuals of a single breed as well as between breeds.
STUDY OF THE CYTOLOGICAL AND MICRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUPHORBIA L.BELONG TO EUPHORBIACEAE FAMILY , USING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IN IRAQ
Authors: & et al. Sulaiman 
Published: October 2020

This study was aimed to investigate micro-morphological and cytological characteristics for sex species of Euphorbiaceae family in Baghdad during the two growing seasons 2018-2019 . The species are: Euphorbia granulate Forssk.,E.helioscopia L.,E. hirta L.,E. hypericifolia L., E. milli Des Moul .,E. puplus L. Which involved with morphological characters of pollen grains and seeds, as well the chromosomes number, and the study managed to count chromosome number for the above species sequentially:-n=11, n=21, n=9, n=16, n=14,18, n=7,8. The morphological characters of pollen grains surface has been studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), shape and size, polar and equatorial axes, spines length, dimensions of ora and colpi, and the ornamentations on pollen surface, and it has been observed that all the species are tri-zono-colporate, spinulose and spinate (echinated), and spinolophate fruite, and importance of the pollen grains in taxonomy. The study includes morphological characteristics of seeds by using (SEM) In terms of size, shape, color, and appearance of the seed surface(configuration). It has been shown that the seeds are significantly different from species to another. Species help to isolate and classify, and through relying on these characteristics, classification limits could be set, whether at the level of species or genus within each family.
MONITORING DEGRADATION OF WETLAND AREAS USING SATELLITE IMAGERY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUES
Authors: & Jaber Ali 
Published: October 2020

In order to conserve the ecosystems and biodiversity of wetland areas, it is necessary to monitor the degradation of these areas. Currently, Al Razzazah lake and its surrounding areas have degradation significantly due to its low water level, which has negatively affected its biodiversity. Hence, this research aims to propose a method to model the monitoring of spatio-temporal changes in that lake and its surrounding areas with an area estimated at 4660 km² between (1998 – 2018) using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. After conducting the supervised classification by the method of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for all satellite images, we extracted thematic maps, which contain five classes. The results showed the overall accuracy was 90.11%, 91.60% and 90.57% while the Kappa coefficient were 0.8764, 0.8950 and 0.8821 for 1998, 2008 and 2018 respectively. Results showed that the lake area decreased by 86.21% in the study area in 2018.
小说《阿Q正传》与《骆驼祥子》中人物命运悲剧的数据分析
Authors: Romy, S.E., B.A., MTCSOL Elly , Intan,S.S. Nora 
Published: November 2020

本研究目的有两种，即：揭示小说中的人物所经历苦难生活的种类；分析小说中的人物经历苦难生活的原因。苦难是指某个人的行为引发了家庭中所遭受的生理苦难、心理苦难、性侵苦难，包括当奴隶、个人自由被剥夺。本研究使用定性分析方法。研究对象是鲁迅小说《阿Q正传》和老舍小说《骆驼祥子》中经历苦难生活的相关人物及事件。根据数据分析结果，可得出结论，小说《阿Q正传》和《骆驼祥子》中人物所经历了3种苦难，即：生理苦难、心理苦难和性侵苦难。小说《阿Q正传》中人物经历苦难的原因有2种，即：因自己的错误而受苦和因别人而受苦。而小说《骆驼祥子》中人物经历苦难的原因有3种，即：因自己的错误而受苦、因别人而受苦和因病难而受苦。 关键词：苦难；人物；小说
PENGARUH SELF DAN PEER AFFECTIVE ASSESSMEN PADA HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA DASAR MAHASISWA DIII ANALIS KESEHATAN
Authors: Fajriani Gita Nur 
Published: October 2020

Abstract – This study investigate Basic Chemistry learning outcome difference in Health Analyst Level 3 Diploma sudents who did self-affective assessment and peer-affective assessment. Participant of this study were two student groups in which 30 students in class A who did self-affective assessment and 28 students in class B who did peer-affective assessment, while Basic Chemistry learning experience in both classes were identical. The result of this study showed that class A Basic Chemistry learning outcome (78.21) is higher and significantly different (asymp sig. 0.001, α = 0.05) than class B learning outcome (70.90). Based on questionnare, it was found that class A students found themselves more motivated, discipline, responsible, and have self abitity consciousness. While class B students found themselves growing reflective, motivation, dan sympathy behaviors. Class A students focused on learning and their own selves, while class B students focused on learning, their selves, and peer’s behavior. Affective assessment wether it’s self or peer assessment can be used to help student continually watch their behavior development in learning and develop their long life learner behavior.
Abstrak – Penelitian ini mengkaji perbedaan hasil belajar mahasiswa DIII Analis Kesehatan pada mata kuliah Kimia Dasar yang melaksanakan self-affective assessment dan peer-affective assessment. Responden terdiri dari dua kelompok mahasiswa terdiri dari 30 orang kelas A melaksanakan self-affective assessment dan 28 orang kelas B melaksanakan peer-affective assessment, dengan keseluruhan pengalaman belajar mata kuliah Kimia Dasar yang persis sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil belajar mata kuliah Kimia Dasar mahasiswa DIII Analis Kesehatan yang melaksanakan self-affective assessment (78,21) lebih tinggi dan berbeda secara signifikan (asymp sig. 0,001, α = 0,05) dengan mahasiswa yang melaksanakan peer-affective assessment (70,90). Berdasarkan hasil angket, ditemukan bahwa mahasiswa kelas A mendapati diri mereka lebih termotivasi, disiplin, tanggung jawab, dan mengenal kemampuan diri. Sementara itu mahasiswa kelas B mendapati diri mereka menumbuhkan sikap reflektif, motivasi, dan simpati. Mahasiswa kelas A lebih fokus pada materi pembelajaran dan perkembangan dirinya sendiri, sementara mahasiswa kelas B berfokus pada materi pembelajaran, perkembangan diri sendiri, dan mengamati perkembangan teman sejawat. Penialaian afektif baik berupa self-affective assessment maupun peer-affective assessment dapat digunakan untuk membantu mahasiswa memantau perkembangan sikapnya dalam belajar dan menumbuhkan sikap pembelajar sepanjang hayat.
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF MELALUI MODEL THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) DALAM MENCAPAI HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Toharudin Uus 
Published: October 2020

Abstract – Still the low subjects of Science Sciences Elementary School grade IV students became an issue for teaching teachers in schools. IPA Science is an important student eye in improving the way constructive thinking students in responding to the development of the world and the universe. Research objectives to increase student learning activities as per expectations and target goals set by the school. Research methods using quasi experiments are descriptive survey, field study, Instrutemen, and literature study. The results showed significant differences in student creative thinking skills and class teachers after using the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) Cooperative learning model for SCIENCE subjects for elementary school grade IV students.
Abstrak – Masih rendahnya mata pelajaran sains IPA siswa kelas IV SD menjadi persoalan bagi guru ajar di sekolah. Sains IPA adalah mata pelajar penting dalam meningkatkan cara berpikir konstruktif siswa dalam merespon perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan alam semesta. Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa sesuai harapan dan sasaran target yang ditetapkan sekolah. Metode penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen bersifat descriptive survey, field study, instrutemen, dan studi literature. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan signifikan kemampuan berpikir siswa dan guru kelas setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif Think-Pair-Share (TPS) untuk mata pelajaran IPA bagi siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar.
PEMBELAJARAN IPS DALAM MEMBINA BUDAYA ORGANISASI PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Mulyeni Sri 
Published: October 2020

Abstract - In high school learners coaching role not only through academic activities but also done through the activities of the organization. An organization for students is a control device in action. Organizations can also be the basis for learners as members in taking an action or decision. Foster a culture of self-organization of the learners is important, because the role of the learners can develop in the school organization. A descriptive study that cointain of, interviews, observation, and documentation is applied in this research. The findings of the study manifest that learning social studies can provide a significant role in fostering organizational culture learners, the materials provided to the students a lot to contribute in particular to build to learn, socialization, organization, leadership, attitude, responsibility and other social skills that it is needed when students are in an organization. Thus, learning social studies in school scan mentor students in developing organizational culture for learners through the strategy learning that associatesocial studies with the organization's goals in school.
Abstrak - Di sekolah menengah peran pembinaan peserta didik bukan hanya melalui kegiatan akademik tetapi dilakukan pula melalui kegiatan organisasi.Organisasi bagi peserta didik merupakan wadah untuk melakukan suatu tindakan. Organisasi dapat pula sebagai dasar untuk peserta didik sebagai anggota dalam mengambil suatu tindakan atau keputusan. Menumbuhkan budaya organisasi pada diri peserta didik sudah menjadi kewajiban dan seharusnya dilakukan oleh piihak sekolah, sebab keaktifan peserta didik mampu memberikan kontribusi pada perkembangan organisasi di sekolah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis Pembelajaran IPS dalam membina budaya organisasi peserta didik. Studi ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, serta tehnik penelitian berupa wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Temuan dalam pengkajian menunjukan pembelajaran IPS dapat memberikan peran yang cukup signifikan dalam membina budaya organisasi peserta didik, pembelajaran dikelas banyak memberikan kontribusi khususnya dalam membangun sikap toleransi, sosialisasi, keorganisasian, kepemimpinan, sikap tanggungjawab dan keterampilan-keterampilan sosial lainnya yang sangat dibutuhkan ketika peserta didik berada dalam suatu organisasi. Dengan demikian pembelajaran IPS di sekolah berperan dalam mengembangkan budaya organisasi peserta didik melalui strategi pembelajaran, mengaitkan materi pembelajaran IPS dengan tujuan organisasi di sekolah.
PEMBELAJARAN MODEL GAMBAR DAN SUGESTI IMAJINER TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI DAN SASTRA
Authors: Sadeli Lili 
Published: October 2020

Abstract - Growing the interest of writing students takes the teacher's efforts to motivate with various interesting and not boring teaching models. Through this research to obtain the effectiveness of picture and picture models and imaginary suggestions on the interest in writing literature poetry of grade VIII students at SMP Swadaya I Bandung. Simple research among others group 1 grade VIII-B using pinture and picture models and group 2 through imaginary suggestion, with quasi design design experiments with the form of model nonequivalent control group design. From the results of the study it is known that the image model is more effective and attractive to students, than the second model of imaginary suggestion in fostering the interest of learning to write poetry literary texts of students, especially in grade VIII junior high school.
Abstrak. Menumbuhkan minat menulis siswa dibutuhkan upaya guru untuk memotivasi dengan berbagai model pengajaran yang menarik dan tidak membosankan. Melalui penelitian ini untuk memperoleh efektifvitas model picture and picture dan sugesti imajiner terhadap minat menulis puisi sastra siswa kelas VIII di SMP Swadaya I Bandung. Simple penelitian antara lain grup 1 kelas VIII-B menggunakan model pinture and picture dan grup 2 melalui sugesti imajiner, dengan desain quasi eksperimen desain dengan bentuk model nonequivalent control group desain. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa model gambar lebih efektif dan menarik bagi siswa, ketimbang model kedua sugesti imajiner dalam menumbuhkan minat belajar menulis puisi sastra teks siswa, khususnya di kelas VIII SMP.
PENELITIAN KOLEKSI AKSESORI PERAK NGEPAN INDU “BIAH ANAK ANJI” DALAM KONTEKS BUDAYA BENDA MASYARAKAT IBAN
Authors: Kiyai @ keai Gregory , Tugang Noria 
Published: November 2020

This research paper is an ethnographic research based on cultural objects of a community in Malaysia. The focus of this research is based on the silver accessories or "perengka pirak" which belongs to Biah anak Anji in which, the accessory is important for Iban women for their traditional costume, the "Ngepan Indu". This research was done through qualitative method, based on the data collection from documentation and interviews by using the Collective Memory technique along with the experts in Iban community culture at Sarawak and the heir to the collection, Biah anak Anji that is Chermai Iri that was from Rumah Bujang, Rantau Kiran, Nanga Medamit. Therefore, findings of this research found that silver accessories have significant roles in the culture and belief practices of Iban community at Sarawak in forming their identity as Dayak Iban.
Keywords: Artifacts, culture, Iban, ngepan, object

Abstrak: Kertas kerja ini adalah merupakan kajian etnografi berdasarkan budaya benda sesebuah masyarakat di Malaysia. Fokus utama penyelidikan ini adalah berdasarkan kepada koleksi aksesori perak atau perengka pirak milik Biah anak Anji iaitu merupakan perhiasan penting yang digunakan oleh wanita Iban dalam mengayakan busana tradisional Ngepan Indu. Matalamat penyelidiakan ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengkonservasi material budaya akesori perak milik Biah anak Anji. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif berdasarkan kepada pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi dan temubual menggunakan teknik Collective memory bersama-sama dengan pakar budaya masyarakat Iban di Sarawak dan pewaris koleksi Biah anak Anji iaitu Chermai Iri yang berasal dari Rumah Bujang, Rantau Kiran, Nanga Medamit. Oleh itu, dapatan penyelidikan mendapati bahawa aksesori perak mempunyai peranan yang signifikan dalam budaya dan amalan kepercayaan masyarakat Iban di Sarawak dalam membentuk identiti mereka sebagai Dayak Iban.
Kata Kunci: Artifak, budaya, Iban, ngepan, objek
‘Aqidat al-Tawhid wa Ahamiyyatuha al-Ijtima‘iyyah
Authors: Alshahrani Saad Ali Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

المجتمع المسلم إنما يقوم على عقيدة التوحيد . فالعقيدة أساس هويته ومحور حياته وهي القاعدة في بناء المجتمع الإسلامي ، وهذا البحث يتضمن :أهمية العقيدة في بناء الأخوة الإيمانية في المجتمع المسلم وإيضاح منهج الإسلام في تقرير الأخوة ومن أهم ما تقتضيه الأخوة الإسلامية : المناصرة والمناصحة . وتضمن أيضا : أهمية العقيدة في بناء الأمن الاجتماعي ومكافحة الجريمة وقد أوضح أثر الإيمان في الاعتراف والإثبات وكذلك آثار الإيمان بالله في الوقاية من الجريمة ومن نتائج البحث : إن عقيدة التوحيد توحد الغاية بين المؤمنين ، وتلقي في العقل الجمعي للمتحققين به أخلاقاً عامة في الفكر والسلوك تستمد من معنى وحدانية الله سبحانه ، كما أنها تجعل المجتمع متحابًّا ، أفراده كالجسد الواحد ، وينطلق من عقيدة التوحيد الصحيحة الأصيلة ، وما يندرج تحتها من مبادئ وقيم تضبط الفكر ورؤية الكون والحياة ، في ضوء العبودية الخالصة لله عز وجل ، وما ينجم عنها من آثار إيجابية تنعكس على سلوك الفرد وسلامة الأمة ، إلى جانب نظم الإسلام الشرعية وأخلاقياته السامية التي عنت بالأخوة ووحدة الأمة غاية العناية .
[The Concept of Tasdiq Daruri and Nazari in The Preparation of Intellect’s Argument] Konsep Tasdiq Daruri dan Nazari dalam Penyusunan Hujah Akal
Authors: Ali Makdom Ahmad Hafiz , Shuhari Mohd Hasrul , Wan Jusoh Wan Hishamudin 
Published: November 2020

The article dicusses about the issue regarding the element of taṣdīq either dārūrī or naẓarī to identify more advance about the good intelect’s observation towards something. This is because not all of the human mind requires argument and evidence in a case involving the khowledge that must be known usually. This qualitative research applied the method of documentation and data analysis to indentify and definite taṣdīq via the works of ancient scholars and convicts the methodology of taṣdīq through ḍarūrī where is not applying any argumentation to determind the understanding of debate and naẓarī where is applying the evidence deeply in understanding the debates . The scope of this research will focus on the topic of taṣdīq’s element for detail via the view of scholars such as al-Damanhūrī, al-Bayjūrī and so on. Then, the researcher concludes out the methodology of taṣdīq that geared towards ḍarūrī and naẓarī that cause the needful of healthy mind in solving a problem. As a result, it can be proved precisely that the reason that aquires the argument is just taṣdīq of naẓarī only after having the good taṣawwur in mind. As for the the taṣdīq that categorized as ḍarūrī can be accepted by the human mind generally without a long process of thinking for undestanding an issue.

Makalah ini membincangkan isu yang membabitkan elemen taṣdīq sama ada secara ḍarūrī mahupun secara naẓarī supaya dapat mengenal pasti dengan lebih lanjut tilikan akal yang sihat kepada sesuatu perkara. Hal ini demikian kerana tidak semua akal manusia memerlukan hujah dan dalil dalam mengkonklusikan sesuatu perkara yang membabitkan pengetahuan yang mesti diketahui umum. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini mengaplikasikan kaedah dokumentasi dan analisis data dalam mengenal pasti takrifan taṣdīq yang tepat melalui karya-karya ulama silam serta mensabitkan kaedah taṣdīq yang bersifat ḍarūrī di mana tidak mengaplikasikan hujah akal secara sistematik dan yang bersifat naẓarī di mana menggunakan dalil secara tafṣīlī dalam memahami sesuatu perbahasan. Skop perbahasan akan berfokus kepada perbahasan elemen taṣdīq secara terperinci menurut pandangan para ulama seperti al-Damanhūrī, al-Bayjūrī dan sebagainya. Kemudian, pengkaji menyatakan kaedah-kaedah taṣdīq yang menjurus ke arah ḍarūrī dan naẓarī yang menyebabkan perlunya akal yang sihat dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu masalah. Hasilnya, dapat dibuktikan secara tepat bahawa akal yang memerlukan hujah hanyalah taṣdīq yang bersifat naẓarī sahaja setelah memiliki taṣawwur yang kemas di dalam akal. Manakala taṣdīq yang berkriteriakan ḍarūri dapat diterima oleh akal manusia secara umumnya tanpa memerlukan proses pemikiran akal yang panjang dalam memahami sesuatu isu.
[The Contemporary Challenges of Public Management by Women Celebrities in Malaysia] Cabaran Kontemporari di Era Globalisasi dalam Pengurusan Masyarakat oleh Pendakwah Selebriti Wanita di Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Noordin Fatimah Syarha , Yusuf Mohammed , Paad Nur Shahidah 
Published: November 2020

Today's world sees globalization leaving a huge impact on women's lives. Globalization is shaping a complex life with positive and negative impacts. For female celebrity preachers, globalization has its own challenges when it comes to managing society. Qualitative methods were used in this study with a case study approach and in-depth interview method. In terms of sampling, the informants selected were two female celebrity preachers in Malaysia: Isfadiah Mohamed and Norhafizah Musa. Studies have found that the challenges they face are ambiguity, complexity, complexity, volatility and uncertainty.
Dunia hari ini menyaksikan globalisasi meninggalkan impak yang besar dalam kehidupan wanita. Globalisasi mencorakkan kehidupan serba kompleks dan mempunyai impak positif dan negatif. Bagi pendakwah selebriti wanita, globalisasi mempunyai cabaran tersendiri dalam mendepani pengurusan masyarakat. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam kajian ini dengan pendekatan kajian kes dan menggunakan metod temubual secara mendalam. Dari segi persampelan, informan yang dipilih adalah dua orang pendakwah selebriti wanita di Malaysia iaitu Isfadiah Mohamed dan Norhafizah Musa. Kajian mendapati antara cabaran yang dihadapi oleh mereka adalah kekaburan (ambiguity), kerumitan (complexity), perubahan mendadak (volatility) dan ketidakpastian (uncertainty).
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN PRILAKU PENCEGAHAN GASTRITIS PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
Authors: Verawati Lisda , Br Perangin-angin Mori Agustina 
Published: October 2020

Gatritis merupakan suatu penyakit yang terjadi karena adanya inflamasi pada lapisan lambung. Lapisan lambung mengalami peradangan dan membengkak serta menyebabkan infeksi. Di Indonesia, gastritis merupakan penyakit yang masuk dalam 10 yang terbanyak dikeluhkan pada unit rawat inap. Apabila tidak diatasi, gastritis sendiri dapat mengakibatkan tukak lambung, perdarahan, bahkan kanker lambung dan menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif korelasional dengan rancangan cross sectional yang dilakukan secara online dengan membagikan kuesioner melalui jaringan internet. Partisipan merupakan mahasiswa keperawatan Universitas Advent Indonesia angkatan 2016-2019 yang dapat mengakses kuesioner online. Hasil penelitiaan menunjukan setelah data diukur dengan spss, didapati nilai sig 0.319 (sig>0.05) yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan perilaku pencegahan gatritis. Dengan hasil ini, diharapkan mahasiswa keperawatan memahami faktor lain yang dapat mengakibatkan gastritis dan segara melakukan upaya pencegahannya.
Assessment of Urinalysis Reflex to Culture Criteria: Impact on Antimicrobial Usage
Authors: Ourani Mohammad , Honda Nathan S , MacDonald William , Roberts Jill 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To assess the predictive value of the urinalysis (UA) reflex criteria’s parameters and to evaluate the criteria’s impact on antimicrobial usage
Methods: A prospective study using laboratory data was conducted on inpatient urine samples with orders placed for Urinalysis Reflex Culture (UARC) in a 400-bed acute care hospital. A total of 4016 urine samples were collected and examined between February and April 2020. The UA results were then subjected to the laboratory UA reflex criteria for reflecting UA to culture. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized in evaluating the effectiveness of the criteria’s parameters to predict positive urine cultures
Results: The total number of the positive UA reflex samples was 1539, which accounted for 38.3% of all the UA samples. Moreover, those positive UA samples were reflexed to urine cultures. Among the urine samples that were cultured, 45.1% (n = 694) were negative urine cultures while 54.9% (n = 845) were positive urine cultures. The UA reflex criterion was associated with positive predictive values for positive urine cultures between 26.30% and 92.96%.
Conclusions: The current Laboratory UA reflex criterion is not highly effective in predicting positive urine culture, thus potentially leading to the inappropriate antimicrobial usage.