bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case report of arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy presenting with sustained ventricular tachycardia arising from the right and the left ventricles before structural changes are documented
Authors: Belhassen Bernard , Shmilovich Haim , Nof Eyal , Milman Anat 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy (AC) is a genetic progressive disease characterized by fibro-fatty replacement of either ventricles in isolation or in combination. Arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy is frequently associated with ventricular tachycardia (VT) having a left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology and much more rarely with VT having right bundle branch block (RBBB) morphology even when the left ventricle is involved. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of AC. Sustained VT in AC may occur in the concealed stage of the disease before the manifestation of morphological abnormalities on echocardiogram; however, they almost always are accompanied by structural abnormalities of the ventricles on CMR.

Case summary
A 54-year-old man presented with sustained VT of LBBB configuration consistent with the diagnosis of AC but with no right ventricular (RV) anomalies at repeat CMR. Ten years later, he developed sustained VT with RBBB morphology and structural changes at CMR compatible with RV involvement in the setting of AC. Two years later, he suffered from recurrent identical sustained RBBB-VT with typical CMR signs of left ventricular involvement. Genetic analysis was negative for any known mutation.

Discussion
In the present report, we describe a patient with AC who first exhibited LBBB- and 10 years later RBBB-sustained VT. Contrasting with what is usually observed in patients with AC, documentations of the VT’s arising from either ventricle were found to precede the structural anomalies in the respective cardiac chambers. This case highlights that normal CMR does not exclude underlying AC contrary to the perceptions of many clinicians. In addition, it strongly encourages repeating CMR after 1–2 years when the diagnosis of AC is highly suspected.
Two distinct phenotypes of plaque erosion assessed by multimodality intracoronary imaging: a case series
Authors: Yamaguchi Masao , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Hoshino Masahiro , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Hada Masahiro , Usui Eisuke , Yonetsu Taishi , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Pathological studies have reported that patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may have different plaque morphologies at culprit lesions, and one of the underlying mechanisms for ACS is plaque erosion. However, the morphological features of plaque erosion obtained by multiple intracoronary imaging modalities have not been fully elucidated.

Case summary
We experienced two cases with ACS of culprit lesions exhibiting optical coherence tomography (OCT)-defined plaque erosion. Additional examinations using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)–intravascular ultrasound and coronary angioscopy suggested the presence of two distinct phenotypes of plaque erosion. These two types of erosion differ in the extent of NIRS-derived lipid core burden and coronary angioscopy-derived luminal surface colour.

Discussion
OCT-defined plaque erosion may not be the unique entity but have at least two distinct plaque morphologies, and NIRS and/or coronary angioscopy may provide incremental ability of discriminating these plaque phenotypes classified as plaque erosion by OCT.
Rare case of isolated true aneurysm in the superficial femoral artery treated with endovascular intervention: a case report
Authors: Chung Seyong , Jang Ji-Yong , Kim Do-Kyun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Isolated true aneurysms in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) have rarely been reported. Most cases are undiagnosed until rupture or the occurrence of complications.

Case summary
A 36-year-old woman presented with a palpable, pulsating mass on her right thigh which had increased in size over 2 months. She also had a swollen right leg and mild claudication (Stage II in Rutherford classification). For 2 months, the patient was treated by manual massage, acupuncture, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy in local clinics. Bed-side ultrasonography identified a 3.4-cm sized true aneurysm of the right SFA. There were no other aneurysms in arteries from head to toe. There was no evidence of atherosclerotic risk factors or connective tissue disease. The patient was successfully treated by a covered stent graft implantation without any complications.

Discussion
Isolated true aneurysm in the SFA is rare and tends to go undiagnosed especially in young women. Ultrasonography is an easy and useful diagnostic tool for differential diagnosis of thigh mass. In this case, endovascular treatment was safely applied for a true aneurysm without rupture.
Antibody-mediated rejection with detection of de novo donor-specific anti-human leucocyte antigen Class II antibodies 3 years after heart transplantation: a case report
Authors: Ludwig Bernd , Schneider Johanna , Föll Daniela , Zhou Qian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in cardiac transplantation may manifest early within the first weeks after transplantation but also late after months to years following transplantation resulting in mild heart failure to cardiogenic shock. While patients with early cardiac AMR are less affected and seem to have survival rates comparable to transplant recipients without AMR, late cardiac AMR is frequently associated with graft dysfunction, fulminant forms of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and a high mortality rate. Nevertheless, AMR of cardiac allografts remains difficult to diagnose and to treat.

Case summary
We report the case of a 47-year-old male patient with late AMR of the cardiac allograft 3 years after heart transplantation. Antibody-mediated rejection was confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy and the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA). The patient was treated with high dose of prednisolone, plasmapheresis, intravenous Gamma Globulin, rituximab, immunoadsorption, and bortezomib. Under this treatment regimen left ventricular ejection fraction and pro B-type natriuretic peptide recovered, and the patient improved to New York Heart Association Class I. Currently, 3 years after the diagnosis of cardiac AMR, graft function continues to be nearly normal, and there is no evidence for transplant vasculopathy.

Discussion
This case illustrates that AMR can occur at any time after transplantation. Although graft function fully recovered after treatment in our patient, the level of DSA remained high, suggesting that DSA may not be a reliable parameter to determine the intensity and duration of the therapy.
Screening of bacterial strains from the gut of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and their efficiencies in improving the fermentation of soybean meal
Authors: Gao Shuo , Pan Luqing , Zhang Mingzhu , Huang Fei , Zhang Mengyu , He Ziyan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Microbial fermentation is an efficient, economical and eco-friendly approach to overcome the limitations in soybean meal replacement of fish meal in aquaculture. However, little research focused on the development of shrimp-derived strains for fermentation of SBM. In this study, Bacillus sanfensis (SQVG18) and Bacillus stratosphericus (SQVG22) were screened from shrimp intestine for fermentation according to the activities of protease, cellulase and phytase. The optimized fermentation conditions of SQVG18 and SQVG22 were as follow: fermentation temperature (40°C vs 35°C), fermentation time (48h both), inoculation amount [4% both (v/m)], solid-liquid ratio [1:1.2 vs 1:1 (g/ml)]. After 48 h fermentation, SQVG18 and SQVG22 increased crude protein content by 6.93% and 5.95%, respectively; degraded most of macromolecular proteins to micromolecular proteins (&lt; 20 kDa); improved amino acids profiles, like lysine and methionine in particular; significantly decreased the anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor, glycinin and β-conglycinin (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, both strains were observed no hemolytic activity, less antibiotic resistance genes and definite inhibition to common shrimp pathogens of Vibrio alginolyticus sp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus sp. These results indicated that both strains could improve nutrition values of soybean meal effectively and have potential applications in shrimp culture.
Improving trapping methods for buprestid beetles to enhance monitoring of native and invasive species
Authors: Imrei Zoltán , Lohonyai Zsófia , Csóka György , Muskovits József , Szanyi Szabolcs , Vétek Gábor , Fail József , Tóth Miklós , Domingue Michael J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost of the current understanding of the orientation and communication of jewel beetles arose from research on the Asian emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, which has become one of the most destructive invasive forest insect pests in history following its introduction to North America and European Russia. From a European perspective, a number of jewel beetles have a high invasive risk similar to that of the emerald ash borer, including the potential threat of the bronze birch borer Agrilus anxius, the goldspotted oak borer Agrilus auroguttatus, and the twolined chestnut borer Agrilus bilineatus. Native jewel beetles expanding their geographic range include the cypress jewel beetle Ovalisia festiva and the black-banded oak borer Coraebus florentinus. Other native species are increasing in their importance, including the flathead oak borer Coraebus undatus, the two-spotted oak borer Agrilus biguttatus, the flatheaded beech borer Agrilus viridis and Agrilus cuprescens. Commonly used prism and multi-funnel trap designs and other promising experimental trap designs have been tested and compared in the US and in Europe. One factor considered has been colouration, typically purple and green. Another is olfactory attraction, both to plant volatiles and extracts such as (Z)-3-hexenol, Manuka oil, Phoebe oil and Cubeb oil, and also to pheromones such as (Z)-3-lactone, for emerald ash borer. Field observations have been made of mating and host-finding behaviours of oak buprestids based upon visual stimuli in North America and Europe. By using pinned dead EAB models, visual mating approaches have been observed by males of Agrilus biguttatus, Agrilus sulcicollis and Agrilus angustulus, which is a behaviour similar to that previously observed in EAB. Green plastic-covered branch-traps significantly out-performed other trap designs and caught more Agrilus jewel beetles if an artificial visual decoy that copies a beetle body was included. A higher fidelity decoy offered the same distinctive light-scattering pattern as real resting EAB females and elicited the full sequence of stereotypical male mating flight behaviour of EAB and A. biguttatus from up to 1 m away. An optimization of visual, olfactory and other possible stimuli has likely not yet been achieved. More sophisticated trap designs could lead to more sensitive detection capabilities with increased selectivity.
Seismic asperity size evolution during fluid injection: case study of the 1993 Soultz-sous-Forêts injection
Authors: Cauchie L , Lengliné O , Schmittbuhl J 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYThe injection of fluid in the upper crust, notably for the development or exploitation of geothermal reservoirs, is often associated with the onset of induced seismicity. Although this process has been largely studied, it is not clear how the injected fluid influences the rupture size of the induced events. Here we re-investigate the induced earthquakes that occurred during an injection at Soultz-sous-Forêts, France in 1993 and studied the link between the injected fluid and the source properties of the numerous induced earthquakes. We take advantage that deep borehole accelerometers were running in the vicinity of the injection site. We estimate the moment and radius of all recorded events based on a spectral analysis and classify them into 663 repeating sequences. We show that the events globally obey the typical scaling law between radius and moment. However, at the scale of the asperity, fluctuations of the moment are important while the radii remain similar suggesting a variable stress drop or a mechanism that prevents the growth of the rupture. This is confirmed by linking the event source size to the geomechanical history of the reservoir. In areas where aseismic slip on pre-existing faults has been evidenced, we observed only small rupture sizes whereas in part of the reservoir where seismicity is related to the creation of new fractures, a wider distribution and larger rupture sizes are promoted. Implications for detecting the transition between events related to pre-existing faults and the onset of fresh fractures are discussed.
2019: A Banner Year for Tuberculosis Research
Authors: Eisinger Robert W , Embry Alan C , Read Sarah W , Fauci Anthony S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article outlines the significant scientific progress reported in 2019 that has led to the development of new drugs and therapeutic regimens, vaccine candidates, and diagnostics for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. In 2020, it will be important to build on this momentum and continue to advance basic and clinical research to develop improved tools and interventions, simultaneously optimizing their implementation in national control programs. To successfully achieve the goal to end tuberculosis within a generation, a concerted, collective, and collaborative effort is required, involving government, academia, industry and civil society at all levels.
Old but not obsolete: an enhanced high-speed immunoblot
Authors: Higashi Sayuri L , Yagyu Kazuya , Nagase Haruna , Pearson Craig S , Geller Herbert M , Katagiri Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The immunoblotting technique (also known as western blotting) is an essential tool used in biomedical research to determine the relative size and abundance of specific proteins and protein modifications. However, long incubation times severely limit its throughput. We have devised a system that improves antigen binding by cyclic draining and replenishing (CDR) of the antibody solution in conjunction with an immunoreaction enhancing agent. Biochemical analyses revealed that the CDR method reduced the incubation time of the antibodies, and the presence of a commercial immunoreaction enhancing agent altered the affinity of the antibody, respectively. Combination of the CDR method with the immunoreaction enhancing agent considerably enhanced the output signal and further reduced the incubation time of the antibodies. The resulting high-speed immunoblot can be completed in 20 min without any loss in sensitivity. Further, the antibodies are fully reusable. This method is effective for both chemiluminescence and fluorescence detection. Widespread adoption of this technique could dramatically boost efficiency and productivity across the life sciences.
Molecular basis of flexible peptide recognition by an antibody
Authors: Makabe Koki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Antibodies can recognize various types of antigens with high specificity and affinity and peptide is one of their major targets. Understanding an antibody’s molecular recognition mechanism for peptide is important for developing clones with a higher specificity and affinity. Here, the author reviews recent progresses in flexible peptide recognition by an antibody using several biophysical techniques, including X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations and calorimetric measurements. A set of two reports highlight the importance of intramolecular hydrogen bonds that form in an unbound flexible state. Such intramolecular hydrogen bonds restrict the fluctuation of the peptide and reduce the conformational entropy, resulting in the destabilization of the unbound state and increasing the binding affinity by increasing the free energy change. These detailed analyses will aid in the antibody design in the future.
Iso-material contour representation for process planning of heterogeneous object model
Authors: Sharma G K , Gurumoorthy B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing is emerging as the preferred process for making heterogeneous objects. Planning the deposition of material is more complex for heterogeneous objects as the material variation has to be tracked along the path. This paper proposes an iso-material contour representation to generate the process plan for additive manufacturing given a smooth representation of heterogeneous object model. These contours represent the iso-material paths for deposition. As these paths shift along the direction of the gradation of material distribution, the deposition respects the gradient of the designed material distribution unlike iso-oriented paths generated by a raster scan method. Since the paths have the same material composition, material frequent change in the material composition is avoided, which, in turn, avoids the uneven deposition caused by the frequent start and stop of deposition while the material is being changed along the paths generated by the traditional raster scan. Associativity between the contours and the corresponding designed material feature is maintained, and therefore, changes in material composition are automatically propagated to the process plan.
Jurisdiction for online trade mark infringement in India
Authors: Gehlot Ashwini , Panwar Aklovya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Impresario Entertainment & Hospitality Pvt Ltd v S & D Hospitality, 2018 Cs (Comm) 111/2017, Delhi High Court, 3 January 2018
In Impresario Entertainment & Hospitality Pvt Ltd v S & D Hospitality, the Delhi High Court clarified the issue of jurisdiction regarding trade mark infringement arising out of acts committed on the Internet. The Court upheld its earlier decision of Banyan Tree Holding (P) Limited v A Murali Krishna Reddy & Anr, 2009 and solved the conflicting decisions over the issue.
Role of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii (Diptera: Culicidae) in Human Malaria Transmission in Rural Areas of Bouaké, in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Zoh Dounin D , Yapi Ahoua , Adja Maurice A , Guindo-Coulibaly Négnorogo , Kpan Didier M S , Sagna André B , Adou Arsène K , Cornelie Sylvie , Brengues Cécile , Poinsignon Anne , Chandre Fabrice 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Studies done in Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire) about 20-yr ago reported that Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles was the major malaria vector. The present study aimed to update these data and to identify the main vectors. Mosquitoes were collected in Allokokro and Petessou villages between June 2014 and December 2015 using the human landing catching method. Potential breeding sites of An. gambiae s.l. were identified in August and October 2014 and mapped using GPS. Anopheles species were morphologically and molecularly [polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] identified. Ovaries of female were dissected to determine the parity and infection with Plasmodium was detected in head and thorax by quantitative PCR. In Allokokro, the biting rate of An. gambiae s.s was significantly greater than Anopheles coluzzii, whereas, in Petessou, biting rates of both species were comparable. Plasmodium falciparum (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae), Plasmodium malariae (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae), and Plasmodium ovale (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) identified in both villages. The infection rates of An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii were not significantly different. The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of An. gambiae s.s. for P. falciparum was 9-fold greater than that of An. coluzzii in Allokokro; however, in Petessou, the EIRs of both species were comparable. In both village, An. gambiae s.s was responsible for P. falciparum and P. ovale transmission whereas An. coluzzii transmitted all three Plasmodium species.
Validamycin A Delays Development and Prevents Flight in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Marten Andrew D , Stothard Alicyn I , Kalera Karishma , Swarts Benjamin M , Conway Michael J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTrehalose is a disaccharide that is the major sugar found in insect hemolymph fluid. Trehalose provides energy, and promotes growth, metamorphosis, stress recovery, chitin synthesis, and insect flight. The hydrolysis of trehalose is under the enzymatic control of the enzyme trehalase. Trehalase is critical to the role of trehalose in insect physiology, and is required for the regulation of metabolism and glucose generation. Trehalase inhibitors represent a novel class of insecticides that have not been fully developed. Here, we tested the ability of trehalose analogues to function as larvacides or adulticides in an important disease vector—Aedes aegypti. We show that validamycin A, but not 5-thiotrehalose, delays larval and pupal development and prevents flight of adult mosquitoes. Larval mosquitoes treated with validamycin A were hypoglycemic and pupae had increased levels of trehalose. Treatment also skewed the sex ratio toward male mosquitoes. These data reveal that validamycin A is a mosquito adulticide that can impair normal development of an important disease vector.
The mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase OsALDH2b negatively regulates tapetum degeneration in rice
Authors: Xie Xianrong , Zhang Zixu , Zhao Zhe , Xie Yongyao , Li Heying , Ma Xingliang , Liu Yao-Guang , Chen Letian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Timely degradation of anther tapetal cells is a prerequisite for normal pollen development in flowering plants. Although several genes involved in tapetum development have been identified, the molecular basis of tapetum degeneration regulation remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized the nucleus-encoded, conserved mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase OsALDH2b as a key regulator of tapetum degeneration in rice (Oryza sativa). OsALDH2b was highly expressed in anthers from meiosis to the early microspore stage. Mutation of OsALDH2b resulted in excess malonaldehyde accumulation and earlier programmed cell death in the tapetum, leading to premature tapetum degeneration and abnormal microspore development. These results demonstrate that OsALDH2b negatively regulates tapetal programmed cell death and is required for male reproductive development, providing insights into the regulation of tapetum development in plants.
Danger peptide signaling enhances internalization of a geminivirus symptom determinant in plant cells during infection
Authors: Zeng Runxiu , Liu Xiaoshi , Li Huiyun , Wu Shuang , Huang Wei , Zhai Zhenqian , Li Min , Lin Yuxin , Xie Qi , Yang Chengwei , Lai Jianbin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGeminiviruses are DNA viruses that cause severe diseases in diverse species of plants, resulting in considerable agricultural losses worldwide. C4 proteins are a major symptom determinant in several geminiviruses, including Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV). Here, we uncovered a novel mechanism by which danger peptide signaling enhances the internalization of BSCTV C4 in plant cells. Previous studies showed that this signaling is important for activation of bacterium- and fungus-triggered immune responses, but its function in plant–virus interactions was previously unknown. Pep1 RECEPTOR1 (PEPR1) and PEPR2 are receptor kinases recognized by Peps (plant elicitor peptides) in the danger peptide pathway. We found that BSCTV C4 up-regulated and interacted with PEPR2 but not PEPR1. The Pep1–PEPR2 complex stimulated the internalization of C4 in both Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Furthermore, C4 induced callus formation in Arabidopsis, which was suppressed by PEPR2 overexpression but enhanced in the pepr2 mutants. In the presence of Pep1, overexpression of PEPR2 suppressed BSCTV infection in N. benthamiana. Exogenous Pep1 also reduced BSCTV infection in Arabidopsis in a PEPR2-dependent manner. Thus, PEPR2 recognizes the symptom determinant C4 and enhances its internalization mediated by danger peptides, suppressing BSCTV infection.