bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential sensitivity of human islets from obese versus lean donors to chronic high glucose or palmitate
Authors: Castex Françoise , Leroy Jeremy , Broca Christophe , Mezghenna Karima , Duranton Flore , Lavallard Vanessa , Lebreton Fanny , Gross René , Wojtusciszyn Anne , Lajoix Anne‐Dominique 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to the shortage of multi‐organ donors, human pancreatic islet transplantation has now been extended to islets originating from obese subjects. In this study, our aim is to compare the respective sensitivity of human islets from lean vs obese donors to chronic high glucose or high palmitate.MethodsHuman islets were isolated from pancreases harvested from brain‐dead multi‐organ donors. Islets were cultured during 72 hours in the presence of moderate (16.7 mmol/L) or high (28 mmoL/L) glucose concentrations, or glucose (5.6 mmoL/L) and palmitate (0.4 mmoL/L), before measurement of their response to glucose.ResultsWe first observed a greater insulin response in islets from obese donors under both basal and high‐glucose conditions, confirming their hyperresponsiveness to glucose. When islets from obese donors were cultured in the presence of moderate or high glucose concentrations, insulin response to glucose remained unchanged or was slightly reduced, as opposed to that observed in lean subjects. Moreover, culturing islets from obese donors with high palmitate also induced less reduction in insulin response to glucose than in lean subjects. This partial protection of obese islets is associated with less induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in islets, together with a greater expression of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1).ConclusionsOur data suggest that in addition to an increased sensitivity to glucose, islets from obese subjects can be considered as more resistant to glucose and fatty acid excursions and are thus valuable candidates for transplantation.
RNA‐Seq Analysis of Genetic and Transcriptome Network Effects of Dual‐Trait Selection for Ethanol Preference and Withdrawal Using SOT and NOT Genetic Models
Authors: Kozell Laura B. , Lockwood Denesa , Darakjian Priscila , Edmunds Stephanie , Shepherdson Karen , Buck Kari J. , Hitzemann Robert 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundGenetic factors significantly affect alcohol consumption and vulnerability to withdrawal. Furthermore, some genetic models showing predisposition to severe withdrawal are also predisposed to low ethanol (EtOH) consumption and vice versa, even when tested independently in naïve animals.MethodsBeginning with a C57BL/6J × DBA/2J F2 intercross founder population, animals were simultaneously selectively bred for both high alcohol consumption and low acute withdrawal (SOT line), or vice versa (NOT line). Using randomly chosen fourth selected generation (S4) mice (N = 18‐22/sex/line), RNA‐Seq was employed to assess genome‐wide gene expression in ventral striatum. The MegaMUGA array was used to detect genome‐wide genotypic differences. Differential gene expression and the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis were implemented as described elsewhere (Genes Brain Behav 16, 2017, 462).ResultsThe new selection of the SOT and NOT lines was similar to that reported previously (Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38, 2014, 2915). One thousand eight hundred and sixteen transcripts were detected as differentially expressed between the lines. For genes more highly expressed in the SOT line, there was enrichment in genes associated with cell adhesion, synapse organization, and postsynaptic membrane. The genes with a cell adhesion annotation included 23 protocadherins, Mpdz and Dlg2. Genes with a postsynaptic membrane annotation included Gabrb3, Gphn, Grid1, Grin2b, Grin2c, and Grm3. The genes more highly expressed in the NOT line were enriched in a network module (red) with annotations associated with mitochondrial function. Several of these genes were module hub nodes, and these included Nedd8, Guk1, Elof1, Ndufa8, and Atp6v1f.ConclusionsMarked effects of selection on gene expression were detected. The NOT line was characterized by higher expression of hub nodes associated with mitochondrial function. Genes more highly expressed in the SOT aligned with previous findings, for example, Colville and colleagues (Genes Brain Behav 16, 2017, 462) that both high EtOH preference and consumption are associated with effects on cell adhesion and glutamate synaptic plasticity.
Associations between schizophrenia polygenic risk and apathy in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls
Authors: Lyngstad S. H. , Bettella F. , Aminoff S. R. , Athanasiu L. , Andreassen O. A. , Færden A. , Melle I. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveApathy is a central predictor of a poor functional outcome in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are used to detect genetic associations to key clinical phenotypes in schizophrenia. We explored the associations between schizophrenia PRS and apathy levels in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n = 281) and matched healthy controls (n = 298), and further how schizophrenia PRS contributed in predicting apathy when added to premorbid and clinical factors in the patient sample.MethodSchizophrenia PRSs were computed for each participant. Apathy was assessed with the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Bivariate correlation analyses were used to investigate associations between schizophrenia PRS and apathy, and between apathy and premorbid and clinical factors. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were employed to evaluate the contributions of clinical variables and schizophrenia PRS to apathy levels.ResultsWe found no significant associations between schizophrenia PRS and apathy in patients and healthy controls. Several premorbid and clinical characteristics significantly predicted apathy in patients, but schizophrenia PRS did not.ConclusionSince the PRSs are based on common genetic variants, our results do not preclude associations to other types of genetic factors. The results could also indicate that environmentally based biological or psychological factors contribute to apathy levels in schizophrenia.
A qualitative case study of a Korean former addict’s existential self‐interpretation and identity transformation
Authors: Kang Sun Kyung , Shin Seungnam , Sang Chong Ryel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study explored the case of a former addict, focusing on his existential self‐interpretation and identity transformation process. This study began from the question of whether philosophical processes related to existential self‐interpretation could lead to the formation of the concept of bottoming out and of identity transformation. To answer this question, the study analyzed the case of a male in his mid‐forties who was addicted to drugs for approximately 30 years and has only recently maintained abstinence. The study used the phenomenological approach to determine the meaning drugs held for him in each stage, and what drug‐related identity he had in each stage. Further, this study identified the integrative implications of these meanings in terms of existential self‐interpretation and identity transformation. The four different identities the man identified for the four stages of his life were juvenile delinquent, gang member, half‐gangster, and breadwinner, and the associated meanings drugs had for him during each period were “glue,” “filthy,” “leeches,” and “abstinence,” respectively. Finally, this study elucidated the integration of these meanings through the hermeneutic circle, identified the social welfare implications of the findings, and developed educational recommendations.
Non‐ambulatory dogs with cervical intervertebral disc herniation: single versus multiple ventral slot decompression
Authors: Guo S , Lu D , Pfeiffer S , Pfeiffer DU 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the proportion of non‐ambulatory dogs with cervical intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in a private clinic and to compare signalment and outcome between those that underwent single or multiple ventral slot decompression (VSD).DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsAfter screening 43,378 medical records (January 2010–September 2016), those of 185 dogs with non‐ambulatory tetraparesis or tetraplegia along with cervical IVDH that had undergone single (123) or multiple (62) VSD were included in this study. Data on signalment, preoperative neurological status, location of affected intervertebral disc(s), time to ambulation and short‐term outcome were compared between single and multiple VSD groups.ResultsThe proportion of non‐ambulatory dogs with IVDH was 35.3%. The prevalence of non‐ambulation was higher in male dogs (0.56%) than in female dogs (0.26%; P < 0.001) and in neutered dogs than in unneutered dogs (0.51% and 0.27%, respectively, P < 0.001). After surgery, 96.2% of the dogs reached ambulatory status. Dogs with multiple IVDH were older than those with single IVDH. Sex, neutering status or size did not affect the outcome or ambulation status postsurgery. The Pekingese was the most commonly affected breed in both groups. There was no difference in the time to reach ambulation and the presence of neurological deficits after surgery between dogs that underwent single and multiple VSD.ConclusionsIn this cohort, dogs undergoing multiple VSD had a good postoperative outcome, and their short‐term functional recovery was equal to that of dogs undergoing single ventral slot compression.
A systematic review and combined meta‐analysis of concentration of oral amisulpride
Authors: Li Lin , Li Lu , Shang De‐Wei , Wen Yu‐Guan , Ning Yu‐Ping 
Published: February 2020

AimsAmisulpride, a first‐line schizophrenia treatment, has shown large interindividual variability in plasma/serum levels, often outside the reference range (100–320 ng/mL). This study aims to clarify the impact of dose, sex, age and related factors for the interpatient variability in amisulpride plasma/serum concentration.MethodsBoth English and Chinese databases were searched from their inception to May 16, 2019, using the terms: amisulpride and (plasma OR serum OR blood OR “drug monitoring” OR concentration). Studies reporting concentrations and either a dose, associated factor, clinical outcome or side effect were included.ResultsFourteen studies with 1628 participants were eventually included. Eligible articles yielded data on drug concentration and dose, averaging 333.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 294.5–373.3) ng/mL and 636.2 (95% CI: 549.7–722.6) mg/d, respectively. The calculated mean concentration‐to‐dose (C/D) ratio was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52–0.67) (ng/mL)/mg. Subgroup analysis suggested that female patients on combined lithium‐amisulpride have higher concentration levels and C/D ratios. Age was slight positive associated with C/D ratio while not for plasma level. Smoker patients have high concentration level than nonsmoking patients but not for C/D. Responsive and nonresponsive groups did not differ in concentration and C/D.ConclusionPooled concentration levels of amisulpride were higher than recommended with wide individual variation, especially in older patients, female patients and patients taking amisulpride combined with lithium. The specific therapeutic reference range for amisulpride may require reconstruction, which should consider the influence of age, sex, kidney function, drug–drug interactions, different dose regimens and sampling times in future study.
Contested Understandings in the Global Garment Industry after Rana Plaza
Authors: Ashwin Sarah , Kabeer Naila , Schüßler Elke 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThis Introduction synthesizes the key themes of this special cluster of articles and explores the implications of the three contributions on garment supply chains after the Rana Plaza disaster. The three articles examine the perspectives of key stakeholders in garment value chains — global buyers, managers of garment factories in Bangladesh, and workers at these factories — and analyses their responses to the new governance initiatives that emerged in the aftermath of Rana Plaza. Placing the contrasting perspectives of these stakeholders alongside each other starkly reveals how their different positions within hierarchically organized global value chains form the particular lens through which they view post‐Rana Plaza initiatives. This special cluster scrutinizes the particular understandings of these stakeholders and reveals the very different capacity for voice and influence that they bring to bear in shaping outcomes. It reflects on the contradictory imperatives faced by actors in the garment industry caught between a logic of competition on the one hand and global labour standards norms on the other. The Introduction concludes by examining the prospects for a re‐embedding of the market in global value chains via the activation of civil society.
Cognitive anosognosia is associated with frontal dysfunction and lower depression in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yoo H. S. , Chung S. J. , Lee Y. H. , Ye B. S. , Sohn Y. H. , Lee P. H. 
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeAnosognosia refers to a deficit of self‐awareness or impaired insight for cognitive and behavioral problems. Cognitive anosognosia was explored in de novo patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its relationship to cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms was investigated.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study enrolled 340 drug‐naïve patients with PD. According to the presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive complaint, patients were classified as patients with cognitive anosognosia (PD‐CA, n = 74), with normal cognitive recognition (PD‐NR, n = 184) or with cognitive underestimation (PD‐CU, n = 82). After controlling for covariates, cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms were compared between the PD groups.ResultsCognitive anosognosia was found in 21.8% of patients with de novo PD. The PD‐CA group showed poorer performance in all cognitive domains except for attention. Amongst PD patients with MCI, those with cognitive anosognosia showed lower composite z‐scores in the Stroop color reading test than those without. The Beck Depression Inventory score in the PD‐NR group was lower than that in the PD‐CU group and higher than that in the PD‐CA group. The Cognitive Complaints Interview score mediated the association between cognitive anosognosia and Beck Depression Inventory score.ConclusionsCognitive anosognosia in PD was associated with greater frontal dysfunction and lower depression. Since cognitive anosognosia has a harmful impact on PD patients and their caregivers due to overestimation of their abilities in everyday life, early identification of cognitive anosognosia in PD is important in management and prognosis.
PRICE 2020 guidelines for reporting case reports in Endodontics: a consensus‐based development
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Chong B. S. , McCabe P. , Shah P. K. , Priya E. , Jayaraman J. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Setzer F. C. , Sunde P. T. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCase reports can provide early information about new, unusual or rare disease(s), newer treatment strategies, improved therapeutic benefits and adverse effects of interventions or medications. This paper describes the process that led to the development of the Preferred Reporting Items for Case reports in Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 guidelines through a consensus‐based methodology. A steering committee was formed with eight members (PD, VN, BC, PM, PS, EP, JJ and SP), including the project leaders (PD, VN). The steering committee developed an initial checklist by combining and modifying the items from the Case Report (CARE) guidelines and Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles. A PRICE Delphi Group (PDG) and PRICE Face‐to‐Face Meeting Group (PFMG) were then formed. The members of the PDG were invited to participate in an online Delphi process to achieve consensus on the wording and utility of the checklist items and the accompanying flow chart that was created to complement the PRICE 2020 guidelines. The revised PRICE checklist and flow chart developed by the online Delphi process was discussed by the PFMG at a meeting held during the 19th European Society of Endodontology (ESE) Biennial Congress in Vienna, Austria, in September 2019. Following the meeting, the steering committee created a final version of the guidelines, which were piloted by several authors during the writing of a case report. In order to help improve the clarity, completeness and quality of case reports in Endodontics, we encourage authors to use the PRICE 2020 guidelines.
Homology conundrum among foreguts of caenogastropod molluscs: A view from comparative patterns of development
Authors: Hanson Nova B. , Hookham Brenda , Page Louise R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEvolution of two novel feeding strategies among caenogastropod molluscs, suspension feeding in calyptraeids such as Crepidula fornicata and predatory feeding with a pleurembolic proboscis among neogastropods, may have both involved elongation of the anterior esophagus. Emergence of predatory feeding with a proboscis is particularly significant because it correlates with the rapid adaptive radiation of buccinoidean and muricoidean neogastropods during the Cretaceous. However, the notion that this important evolutionary transition involved elongation of the anterior esophagus to extend down a long proboscis has been disputed by evidence that it may have been the wall of the buccal cavity that elongated. We undertook a comparative study on foregut morphogenesis during larval and metamorphic development in C. fornicata and in three species of neogastropods with a pleurembolic proboscis to examine the hypothesis that the same region of foregut has elongated in all. We approached this by identifying a conserved marker for the boundary between buccal cavity and anterior esophagus, which was recognizable before the developing foregut showed regional differences in length. A survey of four species of littorinimorph caenogastropods suggested that the site of neurogenic placodes for the buccal ganglia could serve as this marker. Results showed that foregut lengthening in C. fornicata involved elongation posterior to neurogenic placodes for buccal ganglia, an area that corresponded to the anterior esophagus in the other littorinimorphs. However, foregut elongation occurred anterior to neurogenic placodes for buccal ganglia in two buccinoidean and one muricoidean neogastropod. The elongated foregut within the pleurembolic proboscis of these neogastropods qualifies as anterior esophagus only if the definition of the anterior esophagus is expanded to include the dorsal folds that run down the roof of the buccal cavity. Regardless of how the anterior esophagus is defined, comparative developmental data do not support the hypothesis of homology between the elongated adult foregut regions in C. fornicata and in neogastropods with a pleurembolic proboscis.
A multidisciplinary approach to decreasing length of stay in acute care surgery patients
Authors: DePesa Christopher D. , El Hechi Majed W. , McKenzie Rachael , Waak Karen , Woodis Leslie , Chang Yuchiao , Gervasini Alice , Velmahos George C. , Kaafarani Haytham M. A. 
Published: February 2020

目的缩短急症护理手术病人的住院时间。设计在一个三级转诊中心开展观察性队列质量改进项目。方法组建了一支由医师、护士、病例管理人员、理疗师和职业治疗师组成的多学科团队,以识别有住院时间延长风险的患者,并开展每周多学科凑整,同时采用系统的方法实时跟踪进展。主要评价指标为住院时间。对干预前(2012年‐2014年)和干预后(2014年‐2016年)两年内住院时间的观察/预期比率进行比较。结果共对6,120名病人进行了分析。早期确定出院阻碍因素并采取行动,使风险调整后的急症护理手术病人每年的住院天数(96天)显著减少,而且增加的成本有限(每周1‐2小时)。出院回家的病人无论是否接受医疗服务均受益最多。结论在不显著增加医疗服务提供者负担的情况下,有可能实现缩短急症护理手术病人的住院时间。影响我们描述了一个全面的多学科倡议,以缩短急症护理手术病人的住院时间。机构可凭借可持续的方式利用现有资源,在有限的附加成本下,显著减少病人每年的住院天数。注册
https://osf.io/zfc3t
Meiotic gatekeeper STRA8 regulates cell cycle by interacting with SETD8 during spermatogenesis
Authors: Niu Changmin , Guo Jiaqian , Shen Xueyi , Ma Shikun , Xia Mengmeng , Xia Jing , Zheng Ying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSTRA8 (Stimulated By Retinoic Acid Gene 8) is a retinoic acid (RA) induced gene that plays vital roles in spermatogonial proliferation, differentiation and meiosis. The SETD8 and STRA8 protein interaction was discovered using the yeast two‐hybrid technique using a mouse spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) cDNA library. The interaction of these two proteins was confirmed using co‐immunoprecipitation and identification of key domains governing the protein: protein complex. STRA8 and SETD8 showed a mutual transcriptional regulation pattern that provided evidence that SETD8 negatively regulated transcriptional activity of the STRA8 promoter. The SETD8 protein directly bound to the proximal promoter of the STRA8 gene. STRA8 increased the transcriptional activity of SETD8 promoter in a dose‐dependent manner. For the first time, we have discovered that STRA8 and SETD8 display a cell cycle‐dependent expression pattern in germline cells. Expression levels of SETD8 and H4K20me1 in S phase of STRA8 overexpression GC1 cells were different from that previously observed in tumour cell lines. In wild‐type mice testis, SETD8, H4K20me1 and PCNA co‐localized with STRA8 in spermatogonia. Further, our studies quantitated abnormal expression levels of cell cycle and ubiquitination‐related factors in STRA8 dynamic models. STRA8 and SETD8 may regulate spermatogenesis via Cdl4‐Clu4A‐Ddb1 ubiquitinated degradation axis in a PCNA‐dependent manner.
Bemisia tabaci in Iraq: Population structure, endosymbiont diversity and putative species
Authors: Kareem Ali A. , Logan Samuel A. , Port Gordon , Wolff Kirsten 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are major pests of many crops worldwide. Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic species complex composed of more than 39 putative species. Understanding which putative species of B. tabaci are predominant in an area is vital for effective pest management since they may vary considerably with respect to insecticide resistance, host plant range and virus transmission. Here, for the first time, the genetic diversity, the symbiont diversity and population structure of B. tabaci in Iraq were studied. Fourteen populations were analysed using mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (mtCO1) sequencing and microsatellite genotyping. Symbiotic bacteria were identified using 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA sequencing. MtCO1 sequencing detected two putative species of B. tabaci. The predominant putative species in Iraq was Middle East‐Asia Minor (MEAM) 1 subcladeB2. In addition, one individual was MEAM1‐subcladeB. The second putative species was a single individual of MEAM2. The microsatellite data indicated low genetic diversity, with no biologically informative clustering. All MEAM1 individuals harboured one primary symbiont, Portiera aleyrodidarum, and most (96%) have two secondary symbionts: Hamiltonella sp. and Rickettsia sp. This study has identified the genetic diversity and population structure of B. tabaci in Iraq. Further investigation is needed to update the pest status of B. tabaci in this region. The current data, combined with investigations into the capacity of the various putative species to transmit plant viruses, especially tomato yellow leaf curl virus, will aid pest management and horticultural production.