bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methacrylate perspective in current dental practice
Authors: Bishop Susan , Roberts Howard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a current perspective concerning dental personnel sensitivity to methacrylate materials.OverviewMethacrylate related sensitivity and allergies are currently beyond traditional thoughts concerning denture base resins and methyl methacrylate provisional materials. Methacrylates are now ubiquitous in current dental practice and dental personnel should be aware that dental adhesives contain potent sensitizers that may also cross‐sensitize individuals to other methacrylates not experienced. The growing sensitivity to 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) has been described to be epidemic in nature due to the artificial nail industry with dental patients and dental personnel may be more susceptible to dental methacrylate sensitization. While contact dermatitis remains the most prevalent methacrylate‐related clinical presentation, respiratory complications and asthma are increasing associated with methacrylate exposure. While additional personal protective equipment (PPE) is thought to be first protective choice, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers PPE overall largely ineffective and should be considered only as a last resort.ConclusionDental personnel need to be more aware of methacrylate sources and use workplace control measures to limit methacrylate exposures to both dental personnel and patients.Clinical SignificanceSensitivity to methacrylate materials is a growing dental workplace major concern and dental personnel should be aware of both the methacrylate content of current materials and the products that contain ingredients with the most sensitization potential.
Scavenging behaviour and size‐dependent carcass consumption of the black bullhead (Ameiurus melas)
Authors: Preiszner Bálint , Czeglédi István , Boros Gergely , Liker András , Kern Bernadett , Erős Tibor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examined the size‐dependent scavenging behaviour of black bullheads Ameiurus melas under laboratory conditions, using common bleak Alburnus alburnus and pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus carcasses. Video camera observations showed that the activity of A. melas was higher at night, but substantial daytime activity was also recorded. Larger A. melas were more active than their smaller conspecifics, especially at night. All size classes exhibited a well‐defined sequence of consuming different parts of the carcasses independent of size, but larger individuals tended to consume carcasses more efficiently. Carcasses of the softer‐bodied A. alburnus were consumed more readily than those of the bonier L. gibbosus, independent of size. This scavenging behaviour of A. melas might facilitate the invasion success of the species.
Understanding Medicare: Hearing Loss and Health Literacy
Authors: Willink Amber , Reed Nicholas S. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMedicare has become an increasingly complex program to navigate with numerous choices available to beneficiaries with important implications for their financial exposure and access to care. Although research has identified poor health literacy as a barrier to understanding Medicare, little information is available on the experience of individuals with hearing loss. This study examined how hearing loss impacts Medicare beneficiaries in understanding the program, their ability to compare and review plan options, and their satisfaction with available information.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis using multivariate ordinal logistic regression.SETTINGNationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States (Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey [MCBS]) 2017.PARTICIPANTSA total of 10,510 Medicare beneficiaries were analyzed, representing 50,084,169 beneficiaries with survey weights applied.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was difficulty understanding Medicare, determined by this MCBS question: “Overall, how easy or difficult do you think the Medicare program is to understand?” The predictor of interest was self‐reported hearing loss measured categorically as no trouble, a little trouble, and a lot of trouble hearing. Covariates included age, sex, race, educational attainment, household income relative to the federal poverty level, enrollment in either traditional Medicare or Medicare Advantage, dementia diagnosis, trouble with vision, and number of chronic conditions.RESULTSMedicare beneficiaries with a little or a lot of trouble hearing had 18% (95% confidence interval [CI] odds ratio [OR] = 1.10–1.27) and 25% (95% CI OR = 1.07–1.47) increased odds of reporting greater difficulty with understanding Medicare, respectively, compared with those with no hearing trouble. About one in five Medicare beneficiaries with hearing loss identified that their hearing made it difficult to find Medicare information.CONCLUSIONThe existing tools to support Medicare beneficiaries’ understanding and navigation of the program must evolve to meet the needs of those with hearing loss, a highly prevalent condition among Medicare beneficiaries. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2336–2342, 2020.
Substrate reduction therapy using Genz‐667161 reduces levels of pathogenic components in a mouse model of neuronopathic forms of Gaucher disease
Authors: Blumenreich Shani , Yaacobi Chen , Vardi Ayelet , Barav Or B. , Vitner Einat B. , Park Hyejung , Wang Bing , Cheng Seng H. , Sardi Sergio P. , Futerman Anthony H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) have a significant neurological component, including types 2 and 3 Gaucher disease (neuronal forms of Gaucher disease; nGD). No therapies are currently available for nGD since the recombinant enzymes used in the systemic form of Gaucher disease do not cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, a number of promising approaches are currently being tested, including substrate reduction therapy (SRT), in which partial inhibition of the synthesis of the glycosphingolipids (GSLs) that accumulate in nGD lowers their accumulation. We now induce nGD in mice by injection with conduritol B‐epoxide (CBE), an irreversible inhibitor of acid beta‐glucosidase (GCase), the enzyme defective in nGD, with or without co‐injection with Genz‐667161, a prototype for SRT which crosses the BBB. Significant neuropathology, and a reduction in lifespan, was observed upon CBE injection, and this was largely reversed by co‐injection with Genz‐667161, along with a reduction in glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine levels. Analysis of gene expression by RNAseq revealed that Genz‐667161 largely reversed the changes in genes and pathways that were differentially expressed upon CBE injection, specifically pathways of GSL metabolism, lipoproteins and other lipid metabolic pathways, lipid droplets, astrocyte activation, neuronal function, and to some extent, neuroinflammation. Together, this demonstrates the efficacy of SRT to reverse the effects of substrate accumulation on pathological components and pathways in nGD brain.
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Ganglioside GD3 regulates dendritic growth in newborn neurons in adult mouse hippocampus via modulation of mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Tang Fu‐Lei , Wang Jing , Itokazu Yutaka , Yu Robert K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGanglioside GD3, a major ganglioside species in neural stem cells, plays a crucial role in maintenance of the self‐renewal capacity of these cells. However, its bioactivity in postnatally differentiated neurons in the neurogenic regions of adult brains has not been elucidated. Here, we describe for the first time that deletion of GD3 not only impairs neurotrophin‐induced stem cell proliferation, but also alters the dendritic structure as well as the number of synapses of nascent neurons in the dentate gyrus of adult brain. When examining the behavioral phenotypes, GD3 synthase‐knockout (GD3S‐KO) mice displayed impairment in hippocampus‐dependent memory function. To further gain insight into its cellular function, we examined GD3‐binding partners from mouse brain extract using a GD3‐specific monoclonal antibody, R24, followed by LC‐MS/MS analysis and identified a mitochondrial fission protein, the dynamin‐related protein‐1 (Drp1), as a novel GD3‐binding protein. Biochemical and imaging analyses revealed mitochondrial fragmentation in GD3‐depleted dentate gyrus neurons, suggesting that GD3 is essential for the mitochondrial Drp1 turnover that is required for efficient mitochondrial fission. These results suggest that GD3 is required for proper dendritic and spine maturation of newborn neurons in adult brain through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Xanthone-enriched fraction of Garcinia mangostana and α-mangostin improve the spatial learning and memory of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats
Authors: Tiang Ning , Ahad Mohamad Anuar , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran , Hassan Zurina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Xanthones isolated from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana has been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effect.

Methods
In this study, the effect of xanthone-enriched fraction of Garcinia mangostana (XEFGM) and α-mangostin (α-MG) were investigated on cognitive functions of the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rats.

Key findings
HPLC analysis revealed that XEFGM contained 55.84% of α-MG. Acute oral administration of XEFGM (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and α-MG (25 and 50 mg/kg) before locomotor activity and Morris water maze (MWM) tests showed no significant difference between the groups for locomotor activity.

Conclusions
However, α-MG (50 mg/kg) and XEFGM (100 mg/kg) reversed the cognitive impairment induced by CCH in MWM test. α-MG (50 mg/kg) was further tested upon sub-acute 14-day treatment in CCH rats. Cognitive improvement was shown in MWM test but not in long-term potentiation (LTP). BDNF but not CaMKII was found to be down-regulated in CCH rats; however, both parameters were not affected by α-MG. In conclusion, α-MG ameliorated learning and memory deficits in both acute and sub-acute treatments in CCH rats by improving the spatial learning but not hippocampal LTP. Hence, α-MG may be a promising lead compound for CCH-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Effects of transport stress on pathological injury and main heat shock protein expression in the respiratory system of goats
Authors: Zheng Wenya , Liu Ben , Hu Wei , Cui Yan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the pathological injury and the expression of heat shock proteins in the caprine lung, trachea and bronchus under transport stress. 12 healthy male goats were selected and randomly divided into three groups. The control group (non‐transported group), 2 hr transport‐treated group and 6 hr transport‐treated group. Morphological changes as well as the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs, mainly HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90) in three parts of the respiratory tract were examined. Our results showed swollen mucosa and congestive blood vessels in mucous layer and submucosa, inflammatory cell infiltration as well as degeneration and necrosis of mucosal epithelial cells in trachea and bronchus of the transport‐treated groups. The epithelial cells were degenerated, and the exfoliated cells and debris could be seen in the alveolar cavity. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that HSP27 and HSP70 were strongly expressed in tracheal and bronchial epithelium, glandular epithelium, vascular endothelium and bronchiole epithelium. And the amount of positive inflammatory cells was increased in transport‐treated groups. Western blot results indicated that the expression of all three proteins had no obvious difference among the three groups in bronchi (p > .05). In trachea, there was no significant difference in the expression of heat shock proteins among the three groups except that the expression of HSP70 which was obviously higher in the two transported groups than the control group (p < .05). The expression level of HSP70 in the 2 hr transport‐treated group was significantly higher than the 6 hr group (p < .05) and control groups (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the expression level of HSP27 and HSP90 in three groups (p > .05). In conclusion, our data showed that transport stress could damage the caprine respiratory system.
Effect of dose on the intravenous pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in goats
Authors: Tekeli Ibrahim Ozan , Turk Erdinc , Durna Corum Duygu , Corum Orhan , Kirgiz Fatma Ceren , Uney Kamil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid (TA) following intravenous (IV) administration at doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg in goats. In this study, six healthy goats were used. TA was administered intravenously to each goat at 2 and 4 mg/kg doses in a cross‐over pharmacokinetic design with a 15‐day washout period. Plasma concentrations of TA were analyzed using the high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector, and pharmacokinetic parameters were assigned by noncompartmental analysis. Following IV administration at dose of 2 mg/kg, area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0−∞), elimination half‐life (t1/2ʎz), total clearance (ClT) and volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) were 6.64 ± 0.81 hr*µg/ml, 1.57 ± 0.14 hr, 0.30 ± 0.04 L h‐1 kg‐1and 0.40 ± 0.05 L/kg, respectively. After the administration of TA at a dose of 4 mg/kg showed prolongedt1/2ʎz, increased dose‐normalized AUC0‐∞, and decreased ClT. In goats, TA at 4 mg/kg dose can be administered wider dose intervals compared to the 2 mg/kg dose. However, further studies are needed to determine the effect of different doses on the clinical efficacy of TA in goats.
Standard trade marks, geographical indications and provenance branding in Australia: What we can learn from King Island
Authors: Van Caenegem William , Nakano Kana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe topic of food geographical indications (GIs) in Australia is crucial to the free trade agreement negotiations currently proceeding between Australia and the EU, as the latter is seeking exclusive rights to use European GIs in Australia. Australia does not currently have a sui generis GI registration scheme for food products (other than wine) therefore we sought to contrast the standard trade mark system in operation with a hypothetical food GI scheme. We identified King Island (KI), Tasmania, as a suitable case study because the KI provenance brand is well known in the beef, dairy and lobster industries. We conducted desktop research, and interviews with producers in all industries on the Island. Our analysis suggests that food GIs could provide base‐line certainty about provenance while allowing competition around individual trade marks to proceed to the benefit of consumers and the Island community as a whole. Our study tends to reinforce the case favouring Australian legislative changes which would enable local producers to seek registration of food GIs around uncontroversial specifications.
LncRNANEAT1: Shedding light on mechanisms and opportunities in liver diseases
Authors: Bu Fang‐tian , Wang Ao , Zhu Yan , You Hong‐mei , Zhang Ya‐fei , Meng Xiao‐ming , Huang Cheng , Li Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith advances in genome and transcriptome research technology, the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in physiological and pathological states have been gradually revealed. Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1, a long non‐coding RNA), a vital component of paraspeckles, plays an indispensable role in the formation and integrity of paraspeckles. Throughout the research history,NEAT1is mostly aberrantly upregulated in various cancers, and high expression ofNEAT1often contributes to poor prognosis of patients. Notably, the role and mechanism ofNEAT1in liver diseases have been increasingly reported.NEAT1accelerates the progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, while exerting a protective role in the pathogenesis of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure by inhibiting the inflammatory response. In this review, we will elaborate on relevant studies on the different casting ofNEAT1in liver diseases, especially focusing on its regulatory mechanisms and new opportunities for alcoholic liver disease.
Sound symbolism and theoretical phonology
Authors: Kawahara Shigeto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA received wisdom in modern linguistic theories is that the relationships between sounds and meanings are generally arbitrary. However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that in some cases sounds and meanings have systematic relationships—patterns known as “sound symbolism.” Yet most of these studies are conducted by psychologists, cognitive scientists, or cognitive linguists, and currently, only a few theoretical phonologists pay serious attention to sound symbolism. This paper reviews major studies on sound symbolism and argues that sound symbolism can be an interesting topic of exploration for theoretical phonologists. This paper also demonstrates that insights gained by phonological research can shed light on some important issues in the studies of sound symbolism, and vice versa. Overall, I hope that this paper is informative for both theoretical phonologists and researchers who work on sound symbolism.
Telomere shortening correlates with harsh weather conditions in the bat species Myotis myotis
Authors: Seeker Luise A. 
Published: August 2020

The relationship of telomere shortening and cellular ageing in cultured cells such as fibroblasts is straightforward: telomeres shorten with an increasing number of cell divisions until they trigger replicative senescence which prevents further mitotic cycles. But studies investigating the relationship between telomere shortening and ageing in whole organisms show contrasting results: while there is a clear decline in telomere length (TL) with chronological age in some species such as humans, no such decline is observed in others. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Foley et al. (2020) show that experiencing harsh weather conditions correlates with longitudinal telomere shortening in the bat species Myotis myotis, whereas chronological age does not (Foley et al., 2020). Further, the authors investigated whether genetics influence TL and find a low heritability (h2 = 0.01–0.06) again suggesting that environmental effects are the dominant drivers of variation in TL in this species. These are important findings as there is disagreement in the literature about the relative magnitude of genetic and environmental effects contributing to TL variation in different species. This paper investigating the impact of environmental effects makes a novel and important contribution to the literature on TL in free‐living mammals.
Invited Review – A 5‐year update on epigenome‐wide association studies of DNA modifications in Alzheimer’s disease: progress, practicalities and promise
Authors: Smith A. R. , Wheildon G. , Lunnon K. 
Published: August 2020

In late 2014, the first epigenome‐wide association studies of DNA modifications in Alzheimer’s disease brain samples were published. Over the last 5 years, further studies have been reported in the field and have highlighted consistent and robust alterations in DNA modifications in AD cortex. However, there are some caveats associated with the majority of studies undertaken to date; for example, they are predominantly restricted to profiling a limited number of loci, are principally focused on DNA methylation, are performed on bulk tissue at the end stage of disease and are restricted to nominating associations rather than demonstrating causal relationships. Consequently, the downstream interpretation of these studies is limited. Owing to recent advances in state‐of‐the‐art cell profiling techniques, long‐read genomic technologies and genetic engineering methodologies, identifying cell‐type‐specific causal epigenetic changes is becoming feasible. This review seeks to provide an overview of the last 5 years of epigenomic studies of DNA modifications in Alzheimer’s disease brain samples and propose new avenues for future research.
Falsely Identifying Original Sin and Pure Nature: Christological Implications
Authors: Henderson Aaron 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRobert Barry argues that man's condition in a state of pure nature and man's condition in the state of original sin are one and the same. This article aims to show that this thesis is false and is not the teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas. The Angelic Doctor teaches that man in pure nature would be more capable of doing the good proportionate to his nature and would be able to love God above all things with a natural love. Important here is the truth posited by many in the Thomist commentatorial tradition, namely, that on account of sin man is directly averted from his supernatural end and at least indirectly averted from his natural end. Furthermore, this thesis has undesirable consequences, albeit consequences unintended by Barry, for Christology and soteriology. We must understand what pertains to human nature as such if we are to understand the various states in which we find human nature, including in Christ. If a natural analogue to supernatural charity cannot even in principle obtain, charity will be something alien to human nature. Christ came not only to elevate us to supernatural life and divine friendship, but to heal human nature.
Alport syndrome: Proteomic analysis identifies early molecular pathway alterations in Col4a3 knock out mice
Authors: Nicolaou Orthodoxia , Kousios Andreas , Sokratous Kleitos , Potamiti Louiza , Koniali Lola , Neophytou George , Papacharalampous Revekka , Zanti Maria , Ioannou Kyriakos , Hadjisavvas Andreas , Stingl Christoph , Luider Theo M. , Kyriacou Kyriacos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimAlport syndrome (AS) is the second most common hereditary kidney disease caused by mutations in collagen IV genes. Patients present with microhaematuria that progressively leads to proteinuria and end stage renal disease. Currently, no specific treatment exists for AS. Using mass spectrometry based proteomics, we aimed to detect early alterations in molecular pathways implicated in AS before the stage of overt proteinuria, which could be amenable to therapeutic intervention.MethodsKidneys were harvested from male Col4a3−/− knock out and sex and age‐matched Col4a3+/+ wild‐type mice at 4 weeks of age. Purified peptides were separated by liquid chromatography and analysed by high resolution mass spectrometry. The Cytoscape bioinformatics tool was used for function enrichment and pathway analysis. PPARα expression levels were evaluated by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting.ResultsProteomic analysis identified 415 significantly differentially expressed proteins, which were mainly involved in metabolic and cellular processes, the extracellular matrix, binding and catalytic activity. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed among others, downregulation of the proteasome and PPAR pathways. PPARα protein expression levels were observed to be downregulated in Alport mice, supporting further the results of the discovery proteomics.ConclusionThis study provides additional evidence that alterations in proteins which participate in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis in kidney cells are early events in the development of chronic kidney disease in AS. Of note is the dysregulation of the PPAR pathway, which is amenable to therapeutic intervention and provides a new potential target for therapy in AS.