bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Contamination of some Fresh Leafy Vegetables Sold in Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Yafetto L. , Ekloh E. , Sarsah B. , Amenumey E. K. , Adator E. H. 
Published: July 2020

This study evaluated the microbiological contamination of cabbage, lettuce, and scallions sold in Abura and Kotokuraba markets in Cape Coast, Ghana. These vegetables were analyzed for the presence and levels of microorganisms using standard microbiological procedures. Re­sults revealed bacterial and fungal contaminations of the vegetables from Abura and Kotoku­raba markets. Mean bacterial counts recorded in Nutrient Agar, for example, from Kotokuraba market were 1.93x108, 1.23x108, and 1.17x108 cfu/ml for cabbage, lettuce and scallion, respec­tively, higher than mean bacterial counts recorded from Abura market at 9.9x107, 2.8x107, and 6.60x107 cfu/ml for cabbage, lettuce and scallion, respectively. Conversely, the mean fungal counts for cabbage, lettuce and scallion were higher at Abura market than Kotokuraba market. Bacteria isolated from the vegetables include Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus, whereas fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Rhodotorula were isolated. These results indicate that the vegetables are significantly contaminated, and have poor microbiological quality that could potentially result in outbreak of foodborne illnesses. Contaminations of the vegetables were due to poor pre- and post-harvest handling practices. The implications of findings of this study on tourism and hospitality industries in Cape Coast are discussed.
Keywords: cabbage, food microbiology, foodborne microorganisms, Ghana, lettuce, scallion
A Linear Model for the Collection of Institutional Plastic Wastes in Ghana: A Case of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Industrial Research (CSIR-IIR)
Authors: Yeboah A. B. , Odei S. , Anabila E. 
Published: July 2020

The collection of plastic wastes (p-wastes) in Ghana has received attention in recent years. However, there are persistent disposal of the p-wastes into the environment with associated costs to life on land, sea and in the air. The collection of domestic and industrial p-wastes, con­tributes to the national recycling rates whilst the intuitional p-wastes lags behind with minimal backing and contributions. For this reason, the study sought to explore the structures required to improve plastic wastes collection at the workplace to enhance recycling and greener jobs. In the pilot study, workers at the CSIR-IIR were interviewed to determine a premier model for the efficient collection of the institutional plastic wastes. The methodology included random administration and retrieval of questionnaires, coding and tallying of survey responses, and the processing of generated data. The research questions bordered on the most generated solid and plastic wastes, the preferred mode of collection and the expected gains to the institution. Quali­tatively, plastic wastes were the most generated solid wastes. Purified water sachets formed the bulk of generated p-wastes. Source sorting was favoured over the mixed mode of collecting the solid wastes, which will contribute to income generation and a linear collection model.
Keywords: Institutional plastic wastes, linear model, plastic wastes collection, source sorting of plastic wastes, model for plastic wastes collection.
Ameloblastoma of the jaws in children: an evaluation of cases seen in a tertiary hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Okechi Uchenna C. , Akpeh James O. , Chukwuneke Felix N. , Saheeb Birch D. , Okwuosa Chukwubuzor U. , Obi Donald I. , Ogbozor Bernard E. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Ameloblastoma is one of the most common benign odontogenic tumours in Nigeria. It is considered uncommon in children.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients with histopathological diagnosis of ameloblastoma seen over seven years at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Relevant information was retrieved from patients’ records and data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 23, the chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables, a p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: One hundred and thirty-six cases of ameloblastoma in all age groups were seen within the period. Thirty of the cases met the requirement. The mean age of the patients was 14.4 STD 2.03 (range from 10-17) years. Fourteen (46.7%) patients were male while 16 (53.3%) were female giving a ratio of 1:1.1. The duration of the lesion ranged from 3 months to 72 months (mean 15.07 months). Histologically, the follicular type (n=20, 66.7%) constitute the majority, while the clinical types were solid-multicystic (n=18, 60%) and unicystic (n=12, 40%). Enucleation was the treatment of choice in most (n=18, (60%)) of the patients.
Conclusion: Ameloblastoma is relatively uncommon in children, especially those less than ten years of age. The solidmulticystic variety was the predominant type in the children studied. Most patients presented long after the onset of the tumour and enucleation with mechanical curettage produced satisfactory results in these patients.
Keywords: Ameloblastoma, odontogenic tumour, children, resection, enucleation.
Funding: None declared
CONSELHO TUTELAR NO MUNICÍPIO DE APODI – RN: PRINCIPAIS DESAFIOS PARA SUA ATUAÇÃO
Authors: Rute de Paiva Mota Débora , De Freitas e Souza Maciana 
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho pretende refletir sobre a atuação do Conselho Tutelar no município de Apodi-RN. Buscando uma relação com a realidade nacional faz uma análise sobre o processo histórico das lutas pela assistência à criança e ao adolescente focando desde as primeiras iniciativas de enfrentamento a essa realidade até a materialização do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Para tanto, além de proceder à revisão da literatura, estamos ancorados nos dados produzidos mediante realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com a finalidade de conhecer os limites e desafios que os conselheiros enfrentam para desenvolver o seu trabalho. Conclui-se que há falta de estrutura e infraestrutura, política de capacitação dos conselheiros tutelares, assim como uma ausência de política de assistência integral que atue nas demandas postas pela condição de vitimadas e seus familiares, fatores primordiais para um bom desempenho e para a seguridade da garantia dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes.
Mysteriously high Δ14C of the glacial atmosphere: influence of 14C production and carbon cycle changes
Authors: Dinauer Ashley , Adolphi Florian , Joos Fortunat 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Despite intense focus on the ∼190 ‰ drop in atmospheric
Δ14C during Heinrich Stadial 1 at ∼17.4–14.6 ka, the specific mechanisms responsible for the
apparent Δ14C excess in the glacial atmosphere have
received considerably less attention. The computationally efficient
Bern3D Earth system model of intermediate complexity, designed for
long-term climate simulations, allows us to address a very fundamental
but still elusive question concerning the atmospheric
Δ14C record: how can we explain the persistence of
relatively high Δ14C values during the millennia
after the Laschamp event? Large uncertainties in the pre-Holocene
14C production rate, as well as in the older portion of the
Δ14C record, complicate our qualitative and
quantitative interpretation of the glacial Δ14C
elevation. Here we begin with sensitivity experiments that investigate
the controls on atmospheric Δ14C in idealized
settings. We show that the interaction with the ocean sediments may be
much more important to the simulation of Δ14C than
had been previously thought. In order to provide a bounded estimate of
glacial Δ14C change, the Bern3D model was integrated
with five available estimates of the 14C production rate as well
as reconstructed and hypothetical paleoclimate forcing. Model results
demonstrate that none of the available reconstructions of past changes
in 14C production can reproduce the elevated
Δ14C levels during the last glacial. In order to
increase atmospheric Δ14C to glacial levels,
a drastic reduction of air–sea exchange efficiency in the polar
regions must be assumed, though discrepancies remain for the portion
of the record younger than ∼33 ka. We end with an
illustration of how the 14C production rate would have had to
evolve to be consistent with the Δ14C record by
combining an atmospheric radiocarbon budget with the Bern3D model. The
overall conclusion is that the remaining discrepancies with respect to
glacial Δ14C may be linked to an underestimation of
14C production and/or a biased-high reconstruction of
Δ14C over the time period of interest. Alternatively,
we appear to still be missing an important carbon cycle process for
atmospheric Δ14C.
Sensitivity of meteorological-forcing resolution on hydrologic variables
Authors: Maina Fadji Z. , Siirila-Woodburn Erica R. , Vahmani Pouya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Projecting the spatiotemporal changes in water resources under a no-analog
future climate requires physically based integrated hydrologic models which simulate the transfer of water and energy across the earth's surface. These models show promise in the context of unprecedented climate extremes given their reliance on the underlying physics of the system as opposed to
empirical relationships. However, these techniques are plagued by several
sources of uncertainty, including the inaccuracy of input datasets such as
meteorological forcing. These datasets, usually derived from climate models
or satellite-based products, are typically only resolved on the order of
tens to hundreds of kilometers, while hydrologic variables of interest (e.g., discharge and groundwater levels) require a resolution at much smaller scales. In this work, a high-resolution hydrologic model is forced with various resolutions of meteorological forcing (0.5 to 40.5 km) generated by a dynamical downscaling analysis from the regional climate model Weather
Research and Forecasting (WRF). The Cosumnes watershed, which spans the
Sierra Nevada and Central Valley interface of California (USA), exhibits
semi-natural flow conditions due to its rare undammed river basin and is
used here as a test bed to illustrate potential impacts of various
resolutions of meteorological forcing on snow accumulation and snowmelt,
surface runoff, infiltration, evapotranspiration, and groundwater levels.
Results show that the errors in spatial distribution patterns impact land
surface processes and can be delayed in time. Localized biases in
groundwater levels can be as large as 5–10 m and 3 m in surface water. Most hydrologic variables reveal that biases are seasonally and
spatially dependent, which can have serious implications for model
calibration and ultimately water management decisions.
High‐Resolution Monolithic Integrated Tribotronic InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistor Array for Tactile Detection
Authors: Cao Yuanzhi , Bu Tianzhao , Fang Chunlong , Zhang Chao , Huang Xiaodong , Zhang Chi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTactile detection is a crucial technology in many fields, such as electronic skin, touch screen control, human prostheses, and screen fingerprint identification. Tribotronics has demonstrated active mechanosensation from external mechanical stimuli, which greatly enriches the sensing mechanisms of tactile detection. In this work, a monolithic integrated indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (InGaZnO or IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) array is developed for high‐resolution tactile detection. By using the conventional semiconductor fabrication processes, each IGZO TFT cell in the array shows uniform electrical performance. In addition, the drain–source current can be individually tuned by the electrostatic potential generated by the contact electrification between a movable gate and the gate dielectric. The monolithic integrated array displays a relatively high resolution of 12 pixels per inch and can realize a millimeter‐level tactile perception and motion tracking. This work presents a facile and viable strategy toward micro/nano‐scale tribotronics, which can realize high‐resolution and large‐scale tactile detection.
Construction of Chitosan‐Based Hydrogel Incorporated with Antimonene Nanosheets for Rapid Capture and Elimination of Bacteria
Authors: Liu Yingnan , Xiao Yaqing , Cao Yuanyuan , Guo Zhirong , Li Fan , Wang Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo elaborately construct a novel and efficient photothermal antibacterial nanoplatform is a promising strategy for treating bacterial wound infections. In this work, a composite hydrogel (CS/AM NSs hydrogel) with outstanding antibacterial ability is constructed by incorporating antimonene nanosheets (AM NSs) with extraordinary photothermal properties into the network structure of chitosan (CS). When cultured with bacteria, the CS/AM NSs hydrogel can gather bacteria on the surface through the interaction of CS with the bacterial cell membrane. Subsequently, the intrinsic bactericidal property of CS will kill some of the bacteria. After the introduction of near‐infrared laser, the AM NSs effectively convert light energy into localized heat to eliminate residual bacteria. By virtue of the synergistic action between the capture effect of CS and the photothermal effect of AM NSs, the CS/AM NSs hydrogel shows predominant antibacterial behavior against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro assay and in vivo tests of infected full‐thickness defect wound healing confirm the satisfactory biocompatibility and antibacterial ability. Overall, this work reveals that the CS/AM NSs hydrogel holds great potential as a broad‐spectrum antibacterial wound dressing for treating bacteria‐infected wounds. Additionally, this is the first report of the application of AM NSs in the field of antibacterial treatment.
Interfacial Oxygen‐Driven Charge Localization and Plasmon Excitation in Unconventional Superconductors
Authors: Tang Chi Sin , Yin Xinmao , Zeng Shengwei , Wu Jing , Yang Ming , Yang Ping , Diao Caozheng , Feng Yuan Ping , Breese Mark B. H. , Chia Elbert E. M. , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Chhowalla Manish , Ariando Ariando , Rusydi Andrivo , Wee Andrew T. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCharge localization is critical to the control of charge dynamics in systems such as perovskite solar cells, organic‐, and nanostructure‐based photovoltaics. However, the precise control of charge localization via electronic transport or defect engineering is challenging due to the complexity in reaction pathways and environmental factors. Here, charge localization in optimal‐doped La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 thin‐film on SrTiO3 substrate (LSCO/STO) is investigated, and also a high‐energy plasmon is observed. Charge localization manifests as a near‐infrared mid‐gap state in LSCO/STO. This is ascribed to the interfacial hybridization between the Ti3d‐orbitals of the substrate and O2p‐orbitals of the film. The interfacial effect leads to significant changes in the many‐body correlations and local‐field effect. The local‐field effect results in an inhomogeneous charge distribution, and due to perturbation by an external field, the high polarizability of this nonuniform charge system eventually generates the high‐energy plasmon. Transformation of the electronic correlations in LSCO/STO is further demonstrated via temperature‐dependent spectral‐weight transfer. This study of charge localization in cuprates and interfacial hybridization provides important clues to their electronic structures and superconductive properties.
A Promoted Charge Separation/Transfer System from Cu Single Atoms and C3N4 Layers for Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Xiao Xudong , Gao Yanting , Zhang Liping , Zhang Jiachen , Zhang Qun , Li Qi , Bao Hongliang , Zhou Jing , Miao Shu , Chen Ning , Wang Jianqiang , Jiang Baojiang , Tian Chungui , Fu Honggang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEstablishing highly effective charge transfer channels in carbon nitride (C3N4) for enhancing its photocatalytic activity is still a challenging issue. Herein, for the first time, the engineering of C3N4 layers with single‐atom Cu bonded with compositional N (CuNx) is demonstrated to address this challenge. The CuNx is formed by intercalation of chlorophyll sodium copper salt into a melamine‐based supramolecular precursor followed by controlled pyrolysis. Two groups of CuNx are identified: in one group each of Cu atoms is bonded with three in‐plane N atoms, while in the other group each of Cu atoms is bonded with four N atoms of two neighboring C3N4 layers, thus forming both in‐plane and interlayer charge transfer channels. Importantly, ultrafast spectroscopy has further proved that CuNx can greatly improve in‐plane and interlayer separation/transfer of charge carriers and in turn boost the photocatalytic efficiency. Consequently, the catalyst exhibits a superior visible‐light photocatalytic hydrogen production rate (≈212 µmol h−1/0.02 g catalyst), 30 times higher than that of bulk C3N4. Moreover, it leads to an outstanding conversion rate (92.3%) and selectivity (99.9%) for the oxidation of benzene under visible light.
Intratumoral Nanofluidic System for Enhancing Tumor Biodistribution of Agonist CD40 Antibody
Authors: Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Ho Jeremy , Susnjar Antonia , Lolli Graziano , Di Trani Nicola , Pesaresi Federica , Zhang Mengying , Nance Elizabeth , Grattoni Alessandro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTumor uptake and biodistribution of immunotherapy is associated with clinical response as well as toxicity. To augment immunotherapy bioavailability in the tumor, an intratumoral administration route via direct injection or local release technologies has emerged as an appealing approach. Here the biodistribution of an agonistic anti‐CD40 monocolonal antibody (CD40 mAb) when sustainably delivered via an intratumoral nanofluidic drug‐eluting seed (NDES) is evaluated in comparison to systemic or direct intratumoral administration. The NDES achieves sustained drug release through diffusion by leveraging electrostatic nanoconfinement within nanochannels, without requiring internal or external actuation. Using the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model, the biodistribution of Alexa Fluor‐700 conjugated CD40 mAb is tracked via fluorescence imaging analysis, comparing three routes of administration over 7 and 14 days. NDES‐treated cohort shows sustained high levels of intratumoral CD40 mAb without off‐target organ exposure, compared to the intraperitoneal and direct intratumoral administration. Moreover, radiation pre‐treatment of the 4T1 tumors augments tumor retention of CD40 mAb in the NDES group. Overall, sustained intratumoral release of CD40 mAb via the NDES improves local drug bioavailability without systemic dissemination, suggesting an enhanced approach for immunotherapy administration.
Global parameters of the W UMa stars FI Lyn, UV Lyn, and NSVS 781878
Authors: Kjurkchieva Diana P. , Popov Velimir A. , Marchev Dragomir V. , Stateva Ivanka K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhotometric and spectral observations of the W UMa binaries FI Lyn, UV Lyn, and NSVS 781878 with periods of around 9.5–10 hr were carried out in order to determine their global parameters by simultaneous light curve and radial velocity curve solutions. We found that the three targets have shallow‐contact configurations with close in mass and radius components. UV Lyn is of W‐subtype, NSVS 781878 is of A‐subtype, while FI Lyn may be considered as binary in thermal contact. Our data show evidences of photospheric activity of the targets but not of emission in the Hα line. The surface inhomogeneity of UV Lyn is stable during the last several decades. Its O–C diagram implies presence of third body with a period of 24 years. The distances of FI Lyn, UV Lyn, and NSVS 781878 calculated from the derived luminosities coincide with those obtained by GAIA astrometrically.
Emotional Labor and Midlevel Leadership
Authors: Ayers David F. , Gonzales Leslie D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we extend the conventional expectations of midlevel academic leadership to include emotional labor. To do so, we draw on examples salient to academic department chairs, who are the ultimate example of midlevel leaders: sitting between senior‐level leaders and a cadre of disciplinary‐ and departmentally‐based peers. After defining emotional labor, we discuss how it applies to higher education, generally, and to academic department chairs specifically. We highlight the potential consequences of emotional labor for such midlevel leaders and conclude with practical suggestions for raising awareness and advancing healthier notions of leadership for midlevel academic leaders.
Examining the role of socioeconomic status and temperament in the hair cortisol levels of infants
Authors: Ertekin Zeynep , Berument Sibel K. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSocioeconomic status (SES) appears to be an important contextual factor in children's developmental outcomes, including their responses to stress. However, some children are more susceptible to its effects than others. Hair cortisol is a newer method of assessing the activity of the HPA axis, providing cumulative cortisol levels. The present article examined whether temperament (negative emotionality) moderates the association between an SES index and the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) of infants. Sixty infants from 6 to 15 months of age were recruited, of which 49 had sufficient hair for cortisol analysis. The SES index was calculated from the education levels of the mothers, family income, and a scale measuring the quality of the home environment. Negative emotionality was measured with the three sub‐scales of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (falling reactivity, distress to limitations, and fear). Among infants low in negative emotionality, there was no association between SES and cortisol. In contrast, among those high in negative emotionality, a significant association was obtained. These infants showed lower levels of HCC in lower‐SES environments. The findings suggest that there are individual differences in reacting to the environment, and low levels of cortisol (not high) were found in susceptible infants in lower‐SES families.
A Sensing Platform Using Ag/Pt Core‐shell Nanostructures Supported on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes to Detect Hydroxyurea
Authors: Haghshenas Mahnoosh , Mazloum‐Ardakani Mohammad , Alizadeh Zahra , Vajhadin Fereshteh , Naeimi Hossein 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeveloping anticancer sensing platforms has a significant impact on individual cancer treatment. Monitoring of anticancer drugs in bodily fluid allows doctors to prescript the efficient amount of drugs that significantly lower chemotherapy side effects on individuals. In this study, for the first time, we explored a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), containing 2, 2′‐(1, 6‐hexanediylbisnitrilo‐ethylidine)‐bis‐hydroquinone (HEH) and Ag@Pt/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), to monitor hydroxyurea (HU), a highly toxic anticancer drug, in human serum. The electrochemical study was carried out to determine the electrocatalytic rate constant, the diffusion coefficient, and the electron‐transfer coefficient of HU oxidation. The DPV of HU showed three linear dynamic ranges in the concentration ranges of 0.05 to 1.0 μM, 1.0 to 50.0, and 50.0 to 1000.0 μM. The detection limit was lowered to 23.0 nM. With this sensing platform, DPV peaks of mixed HU and uric acid (UA) could be isolated from each other, indicating satisfied selectivity. The proposed electrochemical sensor serves as a handy device for monitoring of HU in clinical samples.