bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Braincase anatomy of Almadasuchus figarii (Archosauria, Crocodylomorpha) and a review of the cranial pneumaticity in the origins of Crocodylomorpha
Authors: Leardi Juan Martín , Pol Diego , Clark James Matthew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlmadasuchus figarii is a basal crocodylomorph recovered from the Upper Jurassic levels of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation (Oxfordian–Tithonian) of Chubut, Argentina. This taxon is represented by cranial remains, which consist of partial snout and palatal remains; an excellently preserved posterior region of the skull; and isolated postcranial remains. The skull of the only specimen of the monotypic Almadasuchus was restudied using high‐resolution computed micro tomography. Almadasuchus has an apomorphic condition in its skull shared with the closest relatives of crocodyliforms (i.e. hallopodids) where the quadrates are sutured to the laterosphenoids and the otoccipital contacts the quadrate posterolaterally, reorganizing the exit of several cranial nerves (e.g. vagus foramen) and the entry of blood vessels (e.g. internal carotids) on the occipital surface of the skull. The endocast is tubular, as previously reported in thalattosuchians, but has a marked posterior step, and a strongly projected floccular recess as in other basal crocodylomorphs. Internally, the skull of Almadasuchus is heavily pneumatized, where different air cavities invade the bones of the suspensorium and braincase, both on its dorsal or ventral parts. Almadasuchus has a large basioccipital recess, which is formed by cavities that excavate the basioccipital and the posterior surface of the basisphenoid, and unlike other crocodylomorphs is connected with the basisphenoid pneumatizations. Ventral to the otic capsule, a pneumatic cavity surrounded by the otoccipital and basisphenoid is identified as the rhomboidal recess. The quadrate of Almadasuchus is highly pneumatized, being completely hollow, and the dorsal pneumatizations of the braincase are formed by the mastoid and facial antra, and a laterosphenoid cavity (trigeminal diverticulum). To better understand the origins of pneumatic features in living crocodylomorphs we studied cranial pneumaticity in the basal members of Crocodylomorpha and found that: (a) prootic pneumaticity may be a synapomorphy for the whole clade; (b) basisphenoid pneumaticity (pre‐, postcarotid and rostral recesses) is a derived feature among basal crocodylomorphs; (c) quadrate pneumatization is acquired later in the history of the group; and (d) the rhomboidal sinus is a shared derived trait of hallopodids and crocodyliforms. The marine thallatosuchians exhibit a reduction of the pneumaticity of the braincase and this reduction is evaluated considering the two phylogenetic positions proposed for the clade.
Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and the presence and severity of striae gravidarum in primigravid women
Authors: Hocaoglu Emre , Hocaoglu Meryem , Akdeniz Esra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundStriae gravidarum (SG) are a form of scarring on the skin observed during pregnancy and an important cosmetic problem. Vitamin D plays an important role in the skin.AimsTo assess the association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the presence and severity of SG in primigravid women.MethodsThe study included 91 primigravid women at the gestational age of 36‐41 weeks. Patients were examined and divided into two groups with respect to whether they had SG or not. Striae were scored using the numerical scoring system of Atwal et al. The serum 25(OH)D levels were evaluated.ResultsWhile 55 patients (60.5%) had SG, 36 (39.5%) did not. The mean serum 25(OH)D level of women with SG was 17.69 ± 9.81 ng/mL and of women without SG was 21.18 ± 11.71 ng/mL. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P = .144). Multivariate logistic regression analysis has shown that women who have normal values of serum 25(OH)D (≥30 ng/mL) have a lower risk of having SG than women who have scarce levels of serum 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) after adjusting for confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.04‐0.72, P = .015). According to the results of the linear‐by‐linear test, the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the severity of SG was not found significant (P = .82).ConclusionsThis is the first study to show that having normal values of serum 25(OH)D is linked to a lower risk of having SG than scarce levels. Therefore, management of vitamin D deficiency might help prevent SG in primigravid women.
Homecare professionals’ observation of deteriorating, frail older patients: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Strømme Torunn , Aase Karina , Tjoflåt Ingrid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo develop knowledge about homecare professionals’ observational competence in early recognition of deterioration in frail older patients.BackgroundThe number of frail older patients in homecare has been rising, and these patients are at higher risk of deterioration and mortality. However, studies are scarce on homecare professionals’ recognition and response to clinical deterioration in homecare.DesignThis study applies an explorative, qualitative, mixed‐methods design.MethodsThe data were collected in two homecare districts in 2018 during 62 hr of participant observation, as well as from six focus group interviews. The data were subjected to qualitative content analyses. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist was used to report the results.ResultsThe data analyses revealed two main themes and five sub‐themes related to homecare professionals’ observational practices. The first main theme entailed patient‐situated assessment of changes in patients’ clinical condition, that is, the homecare professionals’ recognised changes in patients’ physical and mental conditions. The second theme was the organisational environment, in which planned, practical tasks and collaboration and collegial support were emphasised.ConclusionsThe homecare professionals in the two districts varied in their ability to recognise signs of patient deterioration. Their routines are described in detailed work plans, which seemed to affect assessment of their patients’ decline.Relevance for clinical practiceThe results can inform homecare services on how homecare professionals’ observational competence and an appropriate organisational system are essential in ensuring early detection of deterioration in frail older patients.
Decision‐making in multiagency multiteam systems operating in extreme environments
Authors: Waring Sara , Moran Jami‐Louise , Page Rachel 
Published: March 2020

Extreme environments such as disasters are often managed by several teams working towards a shared goal but with unique sub‐goals at individual and team levels. Whilst these multiteam systems provide potential access to a wide pool of knowledge and resources, public inquiries repeatedly highlight coordination difficulties, leading to conflicting decisions and actions. However, limited research has focused on examining the inter‐team processes used to coordinate decisions in situ within extreme environments in order to cross‐validate theory. Accordingly, the following study analyses naturalistic observations conducted during two large‐scale live disaster response exercises in order to examine (1) what inter‐team processes are used to coordinate decisions, and (2) the extent to which they correspond with a linear phase‐based ‘Joint Decision Model’ (JDM) introduced to national UK disaster response guidance. Findings show responders frequently either revert to gathering information rather than progressing to take action, or take action without deliberately considering options, powers, and policies to form a plan. These non‐linear decision processes remain largely similar across both exercises, indicating that the initial implementation of national JDM guidance has not yet led to substantial changes. Further focus is needed to identify mechanisms for improving coordination in practice, including the form and frequency of training required to maintain such complex skills.Practitioner points

Difficulties coordinating information, decisions, and actions are repeatedly identified in multiteam systems operating in extreme environments.

Limited research has focused on examining inter‐team processes used to coordinate decisions in situ within extreme environments, posing implications for developing targeted interventions.

Findings highlight a tendency for multiagency discussions to either revert back to information gathering rather than progressing to form and implement plans, or moving straight from information gathering to implementing decisions without consciously forming plans.

Strong leadership is vital for steering multiagency meetings but chairing these complex discussions is a cognitively demanding task.
Implementing a State‐Adopted High School Health Curriculum: A Case Study
Authors: Eisman Andria B. , Kilbourne Amy M. , Ngo Quyen , Fridline Judy , Zimmerman Marc A. , Greene Dana , Cunningham Rebecca M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Michigan Model for Health™ (MMH) is the official health curriculum for the State of Michigan and prevailing policy and practice has encouraged its adoption. Delivering evidence‐based programs such as MMH with fidelity is essential to program effectiveness. Yet, most schools do meet state‐designated fidelity requirements for implementation (delivering 80% or more of the curriculum).METHODSWe collected online survey (N = 20) and in‐person interview (N = 5) data investigating fidelity and factors related to implementation of the MMH curriculum from high school health teachers across high schools in one socioeconomically challenged Michigan county and key stakeholders.RESULTSWe found that 68% of teachers did not meet state‐identified standards of fidelity for curriculum delivery. Our results indicate that factors related to the context and implementation processes (eg, trainings) may be associated with fidelity. Teachers reported barriers to program delivery, including challenges with adapting the curriculum to suit their context, competing priorities, and meeting students' needs on key issues such as substance use and mental health issues.CONCLUSIONSMultiple factors influence the fidelity of health curriculum delivery in schools serving low‐income students. Investigating these factors guided by implementation science frameworks can inform use of implementation strategies to support and enhance curriculum delivery.
Diuretic use in infants with developing or established chronic lung disease: A practice looking for evidence
Authors: Tan Catherine , Sehgal Kartik , Sehgal Kunal , Krishnappa Srinath B , Sehgal Arvind 
Published: March 2020

AimThe objective was to assess respiratory efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone and ascertain any adverse effects.MethodsData from 2014 to 2018 was analysed for infants <28 weeks' gestational age (GA) administered oral diuretics. Impact on respiratory support, weight gain and electrolyte status was assessed as a pre‐post intervention study.ResultsOf 491 infants, 117 (24%) were administered diuretics for evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia. GA and birthweight of the cohort were 25.7 ± 1.1 weeks and 779 ± 172 g, respectively. Median (interquartile range) chronological age and GA at the start of diuretics was 45 (22, 62) days and 32.1 (30.1, 35.1) weeks, respectively. In 71/117 (61%) infants, diuretics were started at <36 weeks GA. Of them 63 (88.7%) went on to develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Median duration of diuretics was 38 (18–52) days. Modest improvement was noted in respiratory parameters (ventilator pressure (cm of H2O), 8.8 ± 0.4 vs. 8.8 ± 0.5, P = 0.39, oxygen requirement (%), 32 ± 1 vs. 30 ± 1, P = 0.07 and pO2 (mm Hg) 34.5 ± 1.3 vs. 36.6 ± 1, P = 0.04. Ninety‐eight (84%) infants developed hyponatraemia (<135 mmol/L); sodium supplements were administered in 58/98 (59%) infants. In one third infants, phosphate levels dropped below 1.8 mmol/L, needing supplementation. Weight gain (g/kg/day) slowed down significantly (18.2 ± 2.1 to 10 ± 2.9, P = <0.001).ConclusionsUse of diuretics was associated with modest improvements in respiratory support requirements but was associated with significant electrolyte abnormalities and slowdown in weight gain (or weight loss).
A sematic and prior‐knowledge‐aided monocular localization method for construction‐related entities
Authors: Fang Qi , Li Heng , Luo Xiaochun , Li Chengqian , An Wangpeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe real‐time location of construction‐related entities is some of the most useful basic information for automated construction management. However, the implementation of most existing localization methods is limited due to the weak adaptability to construction sites. In this paper, we enhance the monocular vision technique for the localization of construction‐related entities by a sematic and prior knowledge‐based method. A deep learning algorithm is employed to segment the sematic instance in the images, and then the prior knowledge model specifies projection strategies for entities corresponding to various scenarios. Results show that the proposed method achieves satisfying positioning accuracy, is robust in low‐ratio occlusions, and can help facilitate safety early warning, activity recognition, and productivity analysis.
Comparison of the Efficiency and Safety of Total Ankle Replacement and Ankle Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yuhan , He Jinquan , Hu Yongcheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease, ankle osteoarthritis is a subdivision that has received little attention. Two effective ways to treat osteoarthritis of the ankle are total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle arthrodesis (AAD). Whether TAR or AAD is more beneficial for treatment is controversial. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to compare the efficiency (clinical outcome and patient satisfaction) and safety (complications and survival) of these two procedures. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement was performed as a guideline for this study. Three electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, were searched up to May 2019, with no language restrictions. Prospective or retrospective comparative studies were identified. The outcomes included clinical outcome, patient satisfaction, complications, and survival. Review Manager (Revman) 5.3 software was used to conduct the data analysis. We only selected literature from the past 5 years (no earlier than 2015). Seven comparative studies were included. There were six cohort studies and one cross‐sectional study. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of cohort studies, and The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) checklist was chosen to assess the quality of cross‐sectional studies. No significant difference was observed for efficiency and safety. Clinical outcome was included in five studies with four different scoring systems. Two of them used the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) questionnaire scores to assess the two procedures (mean difference, −4.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], −11.37–2.85; P = 0.24; I2 = 1%). Patient satisfaction (risk ratio [RR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.65–1.40; P = 0.82; I2 = 54%), complications (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.16–8.21; P = 0.89; I2 = 84%), and survival (RR, 1.91; 95% CI, 0.33–11.08; P = 0.47; I2 = 90%) showed no significant difference between the TAR group and the AAD group. This meta‐analysis showed no statistically significant difference between TAR and AAD in clinical outcome, patient satisfaction, complications, and survival. This revealed that TAR and AAD could appear to have similar results in these aspects. Therefore, the present results are not sufficient to conclude which of these two methods is better. Further studies are needed to obtain more clues.
Visceral Metastasis: A Prognostic Factor of Survival in Patients with Spinal Metastases
Authors: Lun Deng‐xing , Chen Nai‐Wang , Feng Jiang‐tao , Yang Xion‐gang , Xu Zhao‐wan , Li Feng , Hu Yong‐cheng 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize the visceral metastasis as a predictive tool for the survival of patients with spinal metastases through an exploratory meta‐analysis.MethodsTwo investigators independently searched PubMed and Embase databases for eligible studies from 2000–2016. The effect estimates for the hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were collected and pooled with a random‐ or fixed‐effect model.ResultsIn total, 18 eligible studies were retrieved with 5468 participants from nine countries. The overall pooled effect size for HR and RR was 1.50 and 3.79, respectively, which was proved to be statistically significant. In the subgroup of prostate cancer (PCa) and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), statistical significance and marginal statistical significance was presented for the pooled HR (HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.35–2.29) and (RR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.99–2.48), respectively. However, in the subgroup of thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and renal cancer, statistical significance was not achieved (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.75–1.83,Z= 0.70,P= 0.486). The results did not show any evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that visceral metastasis was a significant prognostic factor in patients with spinal metastases as a whole. Interestingly, the onset of visceral metastases differentially impacted the survival in different primary tumors. Therefore, the prognostic value of visceral metastasis might be related to the type of primary tumor.
Risk of Dislocation After Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Crowe Type IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Ding Zi‐chuan , Zeng Wei‐nan , Mou Ping , Liang Zhi‐min , Wang Duan , Zhou Zong‐ke 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the risk of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is high and to further identify the risk factors for postoperative dislocation in these patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study reviewed Crowe type IV DDH patients undergoing THA between January 2009 and December 2017 in our institution. Each Crowe type IV DDH patient was matched with three Crowe type I, II, or III DDH patients according to gender, side and date of operation. The primary outcome of this study was postoperative dislocation after THA. Occurrence, rate, classification, treatment and outcome of dislocation were documented in detail for all patients. The dislocation rates were compared between Crowe type IV DDH patients and Crowe type I, II, or III DDH patients. Demographic data, implant factors, and surgical factors were compared between the dislocation and no dislocation groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for dislocation in Crowe type IV hips.ResultsA total of 131 Crowe type IV hips were followed up for a mean of 76.5 ± 28.1 months. Three hundred and ninety‐three Crowe type I, II and III hips, including 261 type I hips, 94 type II hips, and 38 type III hips, were identified as controls and followed up for a mean of 76.4 ± 28.2 months. No significant difference was observed in follow‐up time between two groups (P = 0.804). One or more dislocations occurred in 22 of the 524 dysplasia hips (4.20%). Of the 22 dislocated hips, 20 hips (90.9%) were successfully managed with non‐operative treatment. Two patients (9.1%, one Crowe type I and one Crowe type IV) experienced recurrent dislocation and required revision surgery. Crowe type IV hips had a significantly higher postoperative dislocation rate than type I, II, and III hips (11.45% vs 1.78%, P < 0.001). The use of a 22‐mm femoral head (odds ratio [OR] = 23.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.901–291.788, P = 0.014), older age (OR = 1.128, 95% CI = 1.037–1.275, P = 0.031), and absence of false acetabulum (OR = 12.425, 95% CI = 1.982–77.879, P = 0.007) were identified as independent risk factors for dislocation in Crowe type IV hips.ConclusionsCrowe type IV DDH patients were at a high risk of dislocation after THA, and using large femoral heads and improving abductor muscle strength may help decrease the rate of postoperative dislocation in such patients.
Combining focused identification of germplasm and core collection strategies to identify genebank accessions for central European soybean breeding
Authors: Haupt Max , Schmid Karl 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEnvironmental adaptation of crops is essential for reliable agricultural production and an important breeding objective. Genebanks provide genetic variation for the improvement of modern varieties, but the selection of suitable germplasm is frequently impeded by incomplete phenotypic data. We address this bottleneck by combining a Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) with core collection methodology to select soybean (Glycine max) germplasm for Central European breeding from a collection of >17,000 accessions. By focussing on adaptation to high‐latitude cold regions, we selected an “environmental precore” of 3,663 accessions using environmental data and compared the Donor opulation of Environments (DPE) in Asia and the Target Population of Environments (TPE) in Central Europe in the present and 2070. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms, we reduced the precore into two diverse core collections of 183 and 366 accessions to serve as diversity panels for evaluation in the TPE. Genetic differentiation between precore and non‐precore accessions revealed genomic regions that control maturity, and novel candidate loci for environmental adaptation, demonstrating the potential of diversity panels for studying adaptation. Objective‐driven core collections have the potential to increase germplasm utilization for abiotic adaptation by breeding for a rapidly changing climate, or de novo adaptation of crops to expand cultivation ranges.
A precise visual localisation method for the Chinese Chang’e‐4 Yutu‐2 rover
Authors: Ma YouQing , Liu ShaoChuang , Sima Bing , Wen Bo , Peng Song , Jia Yang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrecise localisation of the Yutu‐2 moon rover plays an important role in path planning, obstacle avoidance and navigating to target features. To provide high‐precision localisation information, a stereo bundle adjustment method using the theory of the unit quaternions is presented for the first time. To improve the precision and robustness of the proposed method, the rover's pose, from a visual odometry technique assisted by an inertial measurement unit and the rotation angles of the mast mechanism, is viewed as a pseudo‐observation. A reasonable weighting strategy and a rational geometric constraint condition of the stereo cameras is also invoked. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides more accurate localisation results than either a bundle adjustment alone or a weighted total least‐squares method. The proposed method has been successfully used in Chang'e‐4 mission operations.