bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary history of cotranscriptional editing in the paramyxoviral phosphoprotein gene
Authors: Douglas Jordan , Drummond Alexei J. , Kingston Richard L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe phosphoprotein gene of the paramyxoviruses encodes multiple protein products. The P, V, and W proteins are generated by transcriptional slippage. This process results in the insertion of non-templated guanosine nucleosides into the mRNA at a conserved edit site. The P protein is an essential component of the viral RNA polymerase, and is encoded by a direct copy of the gene in the majority of paramyxoviruses. However, in some cases the non-essential V protein is encoded by default and guanosines must be inserted into the mRNA in order to encode P. The number of guanosines inserted can be described by a probability distribution which varies between viruses. In this article we review the nature of these distributions, which can be inferred from mRNA sequencing data, and reconstruct the evolutionary history of cotranscriptional editing in the paramyxovirus family. Our model suggests that, throughout known history of the family, the system has switched from a P default to a V default mode four times; complete loss of the editing system has occurred twice, the canonical zinc finger domain of the V protein has been deleted or heavily mutated a further two times, and the W protein has independently evolved a novel function three times. Finally, we review the physical mechanisms of cotranscriptional editing via slippage of the viral RNA polymerase.
Multiscale integration organizes hierarchical computation in human auditory cortex
Authors: Norman-Haignere Sam V , Long Laura K. , Devinsky Orrin , Doyle Werner , Irobunda Ifeoma , Merricks Edward M. , Feldstein Neil A. , McKhann Guy M. , Schevon Catherine A. , Flinker Adeen , Mesgarani Nima 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo derive meaning from sound, the brain must integrate information across tens (e.g. phonemes) to hundreds (e.g. words) of milliseconds, but the neural computations that enable multiscale integration remain unclear. Prior evidence suggests that human auditory cortex analyzes sound using both generic acoustic features (e.g. spectrotemporal modulation) and category-specific computations, but how these putatively distinct computations integrate temporal information is unknown. To answer this question, we developed a novel method to estimate neural integration periods and applied the method to intracranial recordings from human epilepsy patients. We show that integration periods increase three-fold as one ascends the auditory cortical hierarchy. Moreover, we find that electrodes with short integration periods (~50-150 ms) respond selectively to spectrotemporal modulations, while electrodes with long integration periods (~200-300 ms) show prominent selectivity for sound categories such as speech and music. These findings reveal how multiscale temporal analysis organizes hierarchical computation in human auditory cortex.
Striatal indirect pathway mediates action switching via modulation of collicular dynamics
Authors: Lee Jaeeon , Sabatini Bernardo L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractType 2 dopamine receptor-expressing, or indirect pathway striatal projection (iSPNs), neurons comprise one of two major pathways through the basal ganglia1, and are a major drug target for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders2–4. The function of iSPNs is unclear with proposed roles in suppression of unwanted actions and in refining selection actions or their kinematics5–12. Here, we show that iSPNs can simultaneously suppress and facilitate conflicting motor actions in a lateralized licking task. Activation of iSPNs suppresses contraversive while promoting ipsiversive licking, allowing mice to rapidly switch between alternative motor programs. iSPN activity is prokinetic even when mice are not cued to perform an action. Activity in lateral superior colliculus (lSC), a basal ganglia target, is necessary for performing the task and predicts action. Furthermore, iSPN activation suppresses ipsilateral lSC, but surprisingly, excites contralateral lSC. iSPN activity has neuron-specific effects that, at the population level, steers the neural trajectory towards that associated with ipsiversive licking. Thus, our results reveal a previously unknown specificity of iSPNs effects on downstream brain regions, including the ability to excite contralateral regions and trigger motor programs. These results suggest a general circuit mechanism for flexible action switching during competitive selection of lateralized actions.
Generation of Somatic Mitochondrial DNA-Replaced Cells for Mitochondrial Dysfunction Treatment
Authors: Maeda Hideki , Kami Daisuke , Maeda Ryotaro , Shikuma Akira , Gojo Satoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMitochondrial diseases currently have no cure regardless of whether the cause is a nuclear or mitochondrial genome mutation. Mitochondrial dysfunction notably affects a wide range of disorders in aged individuals, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and even senescence. Here, we present a procedure to generate mitochondrial DNA-replaced somatic cells with a combination of a temporal reduction in endogenous mitochondrial DNA and coincubation with exogeneous isolated mitochondria. Heteroplasmy in mitochondrial disease patient-derived fibroblasts in which the mutant genotype was dominant over the wild-type genotype was reversed over the long term, even inducing the production of pluripotent stem cells from the mitochondrial DNA-replaced cells to maintain the genotype without a reversion to the original. Both mitochondrial disease patient-derived and aged fibroblasts could regain respiratory function and showed lifespan extension. Mitochondrial membranous components were utilized as a vehicle to deliver the genetic materials into endogenous mitochondria-like horizontal genetic transfer in prokaryotes. The mitochondrial DNA-replaced cells could be a resource for transplantation to treat not only mitochondrial diseases, but also senescence-related diseases.
Strategy of using ICT in ODL to disseminate higher education in tribal communities: a case of MP, India
Authors: Nayak Subash Ranjan , Kant Nikhil , Anjali Kumari 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make an assessment of the challenges in disseminating higher education to the learners in tribal communities, and problems solving capacity of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) by strategically making use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) taking a case of Madhya Pradesh (MP), which is the most tribal dominated state of India. The paper offers valuable insight in to the usage of ICT as a strategy for the ODL system presenting an account of how it can be utilized effectively to disseminate higher education in tribal communities.Design/methodology/approachExploratory and descriptive techniques were utilized in this paper adopting the research strategy of case study in terms of the strategic potentialities of ICT in disseminating higher education in tribal communities by ODL using it as a strategy for their empowerment and development.FindingsThe findings of the paper reveal that dissemination of higher education in tribal areas is a challenging task especially due to their socioeconomic conditions and ethno cultural settings in addition to numerous infrastructural and access related issues. In view of the need of integrating education with the Indigenous perspectives, ICT can be used as an effective strategy by ODL for disseminating higher education amongst learners in those communities by reaching out to them.Practical implicationsThis paper concludes that ICT can help ODL immensely in developing countries such as India strategically in reaching the tribal learners surpassing financial and geographical constraints with a learner centric approach increasing the capacity, quality and cost effectiveness of education system bringing the concept of strategy to center stage, at a time when ICT has fundamentally changed the strategies of different sectors including education with the unprecedented growth in its use.Originality/valueThis paper concludes that ICT has fundamentally changed the strategies of different sectors including higher education with the unprecedented growth in its use. It also concludes that Indian higher educational sector faced with multitude of challenges is not insulated from the effect of ICT, and its emancipatory and transformative potentials in higher education can play a major substantive role by extending support to meet the increasing higher educational needs of the tribal communities by sufficiently embedding it so that their greater contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be ensured.
A qualitative study to understand the factors affecting the adoption of glass fiber-reinforced gypsum (GFRG) as a sustainable building technology: insights from Indian construction industry
Authors: Garg Ruchi , Chhikara Ritu , Singh Ramendra , Agrawal Gautam , Talwar Vishal , Mehra Vedant 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to assess the factors favoring the adoption of the challenges faced and support mechanism, which will lead to the proliferation of glass fiber-reinforced gypsum (GFRG) technology in India.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews with 35 experts, including construction developers, architects, contractors, government officials and design consultants, were conducted. This qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis and matrix analysis.

Findings
GFRG-based buildings produce much less carbon footprints as compared to traditional ones and can be safely recommended as a promising, environmentally sensitive technology of the future. The major drivers in its adoption are its efficient construction capability, energy and soil conservation and significant waste reduction. Some of the challenges in implementation are long planning time, lack of skilled labor, lack of awareness about green building technologies and myopic perception of high cost incurred in green building adoption in people’s minds.

Practical implications
This study establishes that the construction industry has the potential to contribute toward creating a sustainable and green planet. It does so by evaluating and then positively positioning GFRG as an environmentally friendly building system.

Originality/value
The harmful effects of continuous environmental manipulation by humans leading to its degradation is a critical discussion agenda for most nations of the world. The issue has been taken up seriously by developing countries, and now, developing countries are also becoming sensitised to it. Several policies toward the attainment of this goal have been formulated and are being implemented by government and private bodies. Although some authors have studied the issues and challenges related to the adoption of green buildings, their attempts mostly focused on developed countries. Moreover, research that investigated the evaluation of the GFRG building system as a successful green technology of the future is inadequate.
Opportunity, job pressure and deviant workplace behaviour: does neutralisation mediate the relationship? A study of faculty members in public universities in Nigeria
Authors: Adeoti Michael Olalekan , Shamsudin Faridahwati Mohd , Mohammad AlHamwan Mousa 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was twofold: (1) to examine the direct effect of the dimensions of opportunity (i.e. ethical climate and institutional policy) and dimensions of job pressure (i.e. workload and work pressure) on workplace deviance (i.e. organisational and interpersonal deviance) and (2) to assess the mediation of neutralisation in the relationship between the dimensions of opportunity, job pressure and workplace deviance.Design/methodology/approachThe present study drew from the fraud triangle theory (FTT; Cressey, 1950) and the theory of neutralisation (Sykes and Matza, 1957) to achieve the research objectives. Survey data from 356 full-time faculty members in Nigerian public universities were collected. Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the data.FindingsThe results indicated that opportunity and job pressure significantly affected workplace deviance. As expected, neutralisation was found to mediate the negative relationship between ethical climate and interpersonal deviance and the positive relationship between workload, work pressure and interpersonal deviance. Contrary to expectation, neutralisation did not mediate the relationship between opportunity, pressure and organisational deviance.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was drawn from academics in public universities and the cross-sectional nature of this study means that the findings have limited generalisations.Practical implicationsThis study offers insights into the management of Nigerian public universities on the need to curb workplace deviance amongst faculty members. This study recommends that the management improve the work environment by enhancing the ethical climate and institutional policies and reviewing the existing workload that may constitute pressure to the faculty members.Originality/valueThe present study provides empirical support for the fraud triangle theory and theory of neutralisation to explain workplace deviance.
The role of organizational structure and deviant status in employees’ reactions to and acceptance of workplace deviance
Authors: Moon Chanki , Morais Catarina , Randsley de Moura Georgina , Uskul Ayse K. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of deviant status (lower vs higher rank) and organizational structure (vertical vs horizontal) on individuals’ responses to workplace deviance.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies (N= 472) were designed to examine the role of deviant status and organizational structure in responses to workplace deviance. Study 1 (N= 272) manipulated deviant status and organizational structure. Study 2 (N= 200) also manipulated deviant status but focused on participants’ subjective evaluations of the organizational structure of their workplace.FindingsStudy 1 found that participants reported lower job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and higher turnover intentions when they imagined being confronted with deviant behaviors displayed by a manager (vs by a subordinate), regardless of the type of organizational structure. Study 2 extended this finding by showing that the indirect effect of organizational structure (vertical vs horizontal) on turnover intention via job satisfaction and organizational commitment was moderated by deviant status: when the deviant’s status was higher, working in a vertical (vs horizontal) organization was associated with decreased job satisfaction and commitment, which, in turn, was associated with a higher level of turnover intentions.Originality/valueThe findings broaden our understanding of how individuals respond to deviance at the workplace, by simultaneously considering the effects of organizational structure (vertical vs horizontal) and deviant status (upward vs downward directions of deviance).
Evaluation of higher education services: social media learning
Authors: Dagli Gokmen , Altinay Fahriye , Altinay Zehra , Altinay Mehmet 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis research study aims to examine the quality of life and services of higher education through social media in fostering students' learning and environments.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research methods were used in this study. In the study, as a data collection tool, a semistructured interview form was prepared and questions were asked. A study group was formed with a total of 80 participants in order to analyze the opinions of students studying in the University of Kyrenia.FindingsAccording to the findings obtained in the study, it is understood that higher education students generally use Facebook or Instagram especially for following the trainings conducted abroad. It can be said that university students of higher education can follow many educational developments by being members of various educational institutions. In addition to this, university students can be thought to use this tool continuously and intensively in all project or assignment submissions thanks to social media. It is understood that especially university students can communicate with faculty members and access big data when necessary. Again, in this context, thanks to social media, it is understood from the opinions and thoughts received from the participants that they can easily prepare their lessons by making group interviews with each other or with the groups they have formed collectively. It is understood from the findings that the quality can be increased because various trainings can be provided in groups established through social media; thus, the fact that there is an opening to the world and the reason for the exchange of healthy ideas, information and science increases the quality.Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited to numbers of research participants from the University of Kyrenia, Faculty of Education in northern part of Cyprus. Social media is used as a medium of learning and development in the research.Practical implicationsIt is a study that ensures that if social media services are used correctly in practice, this research will contribute to the continuous development of students.Social implicationsThe research conducted contributes to how social media services can be organized through technology in higher education and measurement of learning can be enriched through social media.Originality/valueWith this research, it has a unique value due to the fact that the problems encountered in the use of social media services in universities reveal the problems and solutions. In this context, it shows the contribution of social media on the value added to the learning and learning environments and the benefit of services in higher education.
Do big data-driven HR practices improve HR service quality and innovation competency of SMEs
Authors: Verma Surabhi , Singh Vibhav , Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Today, big data (BD) is considered as a crucial investment for firms to stay competitive. However, the human resource (HR) function within small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been slow to adopt this innovation. Drawing on the organizational learning theory (OLT), this study aims to propose that BD can improve HR functions, especially of SMEs, thereby yielding them a competitive edge.

Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzed unstructured data from 41 journal papers, based on which, a conceptual framework was developed. Further, this framework was validated with responses collected from 148 SMEs in India.

Findings
Bibliometric analysis and results of partial least squares techniques revealed that better BD quality is needed to improve HR practices, human resource service quality (HRSQ) and innovation competency of SMEs.

Research limitations/implications
This paper contributes to the extant literature by considering strategic management theories such as resource-based view and OLT to evaluate BDA’s effect on organizational functional practices such as HR and HRSQ.

Practical implications
In Indian SMEs, BD quality has a substantial effect on BD HR practices and HRSQ. However, these factors influence can constructively impact SMEs, if SMEs are open to organizational change, whereby they need to develop technical skills and competencies of the HR professionals.

Originality/value
Though BD research works have shown exponential growth in recent times, scholarly empirical research investigating BD’s impact upon human resource management (HRM) is scarce. The present study appraises extant literature on BD in HRM.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on conventional work settings
Authors: Diab-Bahman Randa , Al-Enzi Abrar 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo give insight into human resource (HR) policy makers of the impact of the abrupt change in working conditions as reported from their primary stakeholders – the employees.Design/methodology/approachReported from a first-person point of view, 192 employees from Kuwait who are currently working from home were surveyed as to how the lockdown circumstances have impacted their conventional work expectations. The study compares the old working conditions (OWC) to the current working conditions (CWC) to give insight into the overall sentiments of the abrupt changes to the workplace.FindingsIt was found that most employees agreed that OWC need to be reviewed, and that the general sentiment was almost equally split on the efficiency of CWC in comparison to OWC, yet the majority was enjoying the flexible conditions. Moreover, the majority of respondents found that overall conventional work elements either remained the same or had been impacted positively rather than negatively. Also, if given an option of a hybrid model inclusive of partly working remotely and partly working on-site, a considerable majority reported that they are able to efficiently conduct atleast 80% of their work expectation. Finally, it was found that employee expectation is changing as they consider post COVID-19 conditions.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was conducted using virtual crowd-sourcing methods to administer the survey and may have been enhanced should other methods have been integrated for data gathering. Also, a more comprehensive phenomenological approach could have been incorporated to add a qualitative method to the investigation. This could have freed the results of answer limitation and experience bias. Moreover, it is good practice to involve both quantitative and qualitative elements to any research when possible. Finally, future research can benefit from a bigger pool of participants so as to gain a clearer picture.Originality/valueThis research will give policy makers a look at what needs to be reviewed/changed for a successful roll-out of remote work in accordance with their original strategies.
Organizational ambidexterity, brand management capability and brand performance
Authors: Iyer Pramod , Davari Arezoo , Zolfagharian Mohammadali , Paswan Audhesh 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which an organization’s pursuit of radical and disruptive innovations and refinement of existing processes and incremental innovations influence the brand management capability, and subsequently, the brand performance in business-to-business firms.Design/methodology/approachThe key informant approach is used for data collection. Panel data are obtained using the services of a reputable research firm. Existing scales are used to measure all the focal constructs. Partial least squares based structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results of this study indicate positive associations of both exploitative and exploratory innovation types with brand management processes. These findings signify the need for organizations to balance both these innovation types to maximize their performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study prescribes an insight into the complex relationship that exists between organizational ambidexterity, brand management processes and brand performance, providing a framework that reconciles the seemingly conflicting goals of relevance and consistency in the development of brand management capability.Practical implicationsGiven that very few firms can achieve ambidexterity, this study provides a means to maximize the potential of this organizational process.Originality/valueThis study borrows from the existing research on brand management to argue that organizations are required to balance both exploitative and exploratory innovation types to maximize their performance.