bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Psychosocial Factors of Quality of Life Among Adult People Living With HIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, in Public Hospitals of South West Ethiopia, 2018: a Case Control Study
Authors: Gesese Abreha Addis , Desta Yitages Getachew , Behire Endale zenebe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite of the availability of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, people living with HIV/AIDS suffer from socioeconomic, behavioral and psychosocial related factors affecting their quality of life. Previous studies assessed the magnitude of quality of life but the present one will identify behavioral and psychosocial factors associated with poor quality of live among adult PLWHIV on Antiretroviral therapy in the study setting.Objective: To identify behavioral and psychosocial determinants of Quality of life among Adult PLWHIV on HARRT, in Public Hospitals of Jimma Zone, South West, Ethiopia 2018.Method: Institution based unmatched case control study was employed. Simple random sampling technique was used to select cases and controls using screening criteria. Interviewer administered data collection method was used. Data were entered into Epi-Data and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. The study was conducted from March 10-April 10- 2018.Results: A total of 75(25%) cases and 225(75%) of controls included in the study. Finally, the odds of poor quality of life among underweight (BMI kg/m2) 2.7 times [AOR 2.7 95%CI (1.0, 7.1)] more likely than normal /obese respondents, khat chewing 1-4 times/weak/month about 4.5 times [AOR 4.5 95%CI (1.85, 10.9)] and at daily intervals 4.7 times more [AOR 4.7 95% CI (1.18, 18.8)] likely than who never chew respectively. Being dissatisfied from support AOR 9.8 95% CI (1.9, 50), Stigmatized patients 8 times more likely than non-stigmatized AOR 8.0 95%CI (3.6, 18.1). Moreover, the odds of poor quality of life among severely depressed patients were 4 times AOR 4.0 95% CI (1.67, 9.83) more likely than mild depressed patients.Conclusion: Being underweight (BMI kg/m2), khat chewing 1-4 times/weak/month, khat chewing at daily interval, being dissatisfied from support, stigma and depression were independently associated. This may inform possible interventions to reduce comorbidities and disease exacerbation by improving on dietary and nutritional programs and support, reducing behavioral factors, improving social support, reducing stigma and depression by appropriate counseling and strengthening currently existing Information Education Communication to help develop life skills.
Plasma purification is associated with reduced inflammation factors and down-regulation of lipid metabolic and ER stress proteins in patients with hyperlipidemia
Authors: Zhang Xiao Meng , Deng Hao , Xu Zheng Quan , Zhong Ze Yuan , Jin Hui Min , Yang Xiu Hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Hyperlipidaemia is a strong risk factor for arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therapy with lipid-lowering drugs often results in many side effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential effects of non-drug therapy with double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) on lipid metabolism-, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- and apoptosis-related proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after lipid clearance in patients with hyperlipidaemia.Methods Thirty-five patients with hyperlipidaemia were selected for this study. Proteins related to lipid metabolism [CD36, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and LDL receptor], ER stress (GRP78, CHOP, ATF4, EIF2a) and apoptosis (Bcl-2, BAX, and Caspase-3) were assayed by western blot, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry (FCM), and serum inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with their pre-DFPP values, the values of most lipid metabolic parameters, such as cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] and small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL), were reduced after DFPP. DFPP was associated with the downregulation of proteins related to lipid metabolism, ER stress and apoptosis, which also resulted in decreased ROS and serum inflammatory factor release.Conclusion DFPP has lipid-lowering activity and can also regulate lipid metabolism-, ER stress- and apoptosis-related proteins in PBMCs and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in patients with hyperlipidaemia (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03491956).
Achromatic diffractive lens limits
Authors: Engelberg Jacob , Levy Uriel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Over the recent years, there have been many reports of achromatic metalenses and diffractive lenses. However, very few (if any) practical applications of such achromatic flat lenses have been demonstrated, which raises questions about the potential of these lenses to provide solutions for real world cases which involve broadband illumination. A recent paper placed limits on the performance of achromatic metalenses. However, is this limit also valid for a diffractive lens? Not necessarily so. In this paper we derive the limits on the performance of achromatic diffractive lenses. In particular, we show that achromatic diffractive lenses can cover a wide spectral range, limited only by loss of efficiency caused by manufacturing limitations related to feature depth and size. On the other hand, we show that achromatic diffractive lenses can provide near diffraction limited performance only at very low Fresnel numbers, i.e. they cannot provide large focusing power and broadband response simultaneously. We then go on to compare the limits of achromatic metalenses and diffractive lenses, in attempt to understand the potential of different types of flat lenses. Our findings may set the ground for better evaluation of flat lens performance, understanding of their capabilities and limitations, and for exploring novel design concepts and applications.
Unlocking of time reversal, space-time inversion and rotation invariants in magnetic materials
Authors: Yang Jian , Liu Zheng-Xin , Fang Chen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Time reversal (T ) and space inversion are symmetries of our universe in the low-energy limit. Fundamental theorems relate their corresponding quantum numbers to the spin for elementary particles: Tˆ2 = (PˆTˆ)2 = −1 for half-odd-integer spins and Tˆ2 = (PˆTˆ)2 = +1 for integer spins. Here we show that for elementary excitations in magnetic materials, this “locking” between quantum numbers is lifted: Tˆ2 and (PˆTˆ)2 take all four combinations of +1 and −1 regardless of the value of the spin, where T now represents the composite symmetry of time reversal and lattice translation. Unlocked quantum numbers lead to new forms of minimal coupling between these excitations and external ﬁelds, enabling novel physical phenomena such as the “cross-Lamor precession”, indirectly observable in a proposed light-absorption experiment. We list the magnetic space groups with certain high-symmetry momenta where such excitations may be found.
A randomized controlled trial comparing peginterferon-α-2a versus observation after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor in chronic myeloid leukemia patients with deep molecular response for at least two years
Authors: Kuan Jew Win , Chang Kian Meng , Phan Chin Lee , Wong Shu Ping , Lim Soo Min , Toh See Guan , Loh Weng Khean , Begum Habiba Nazeera , Hon Siong Leng , Ng Si Yuan , Chiang Su Kien , Chai Alvin Jung Mau , Yong Kar Ying , Teo Hock Gin , Tang Andy Sing Ong , Wilfred Gilbert , Guan Yong Khee , Wong Lily Lee Lee , Ko Ching Tiong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Interferon (IFN) is a logical possibility to increase treatment free remission (TFR) rate in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We conducted the first randomized controlled trial comparing the use of pegIFN versus observation in CML patients attempting TFR. Methods: Adult CML patients with stable deep molecular response for ≥ 2 years with ≥2 readings of MR4.5 were randomized into two arms -- subcutaneous pegIFN-α-2a starting at 180µg weekly for a year, followed by observation, or observation. Results: A total of 30 patients were recruited (pegIFN n=15, observation n=15). Median follow-up was 38.1 months (range 15.9-49.4) and 23.8 (1.5-51.0) in pegIFN and observation arm, respectively. A total of 11 patients relapsed (pegIFN n=4, observation n=7). The median time of relapse was 13.1 months (range 9.2 to 25.5) and 4.4 (1.2 to 13.6) in pegIFN and observation arm, respectively. Only 8 out of 15 (53%) patients completed 52 doses of pegIFN with mean dose of 43 out of 52 doses (range 20 to 52). Dose of tolerable pegIFN was age dependent. Conclusion: PegIFN is a potential consolidative therapy to increase TFR. Trial registration:(1) Malaysia National Medical Research Register (NMRR): NMRR-13-1186-15491. Approved 23rd September 2014, https://www.nmrr.gov.my/fwbLoginPage.jsp(2) ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02381379. Registered on 24th Feb 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02381379&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=
Serum IL-8 acts as a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of patients with laryngeal cancer
Authors: Wang Lili , Song Hongguang , Yang Shiming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cytokines has the capacity to serve as biomarkers and therapy targets in a number of cancers. The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic potential of serum IL-8 in laryngeal cancer.Methods: Serum levels of IL-8 in 126 laryngeal cancer patients and 112 healthy controls were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. The association of IL-8 with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed via χ2 test. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum IL-8 in laryngeal cancer by calculating the area under ROC curve (AUC).Results: Serum IL-8 was significantly increased in laryngeal cancer patients, and its increased expression was positively associated with T classification (P=0.031), clinical stage (P=0.021) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.023). ROC curve suggested that serum IL-8 had a high value in differentiating laryngeal cancer patients from healthy individuals with a AUC value of 0.859 (95%CI: 0.812-0.906) combing with a sensitivity of 86.5% and a specificity of 72.3%.Conclusion: Serum IL-8 was significantly upregulated in laryngeal cancer which may serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer.
Treatment of Primary Intra-Articular Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Knee by Using Complete Arthroscopic Synovectomy and Postoperative Low-Dose Radiotherapy
Authors: Tie Kai , Wang Hua , Chen Biao , Yang Xu , Chen Liaobin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a locally aggressive, proliferative synovial tissue disorder, the optimal treatment regimen for diffuse PVNS is still undefined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of the treatment of complete arthroscopic synovectomy combined with low-dose external radiotherapy in the knee affected by primary intra-articular diffuse PVNS.MethodsA series of 18 patients diagnosed with primary diffuse PVNS by clinical and pathological examination were enrolled in this study from May 2009 to January 2016. All patients underwent complete arthroscopic synovectomy and postoperative local low-dose (20 Gy) external radiotherapy, and were evaluated before treatment and final follow-up using the criteria of Ogilvie-Harris and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score.ResultsThe patients were followed-up for a mean of 68 months (35 to 120 months). No recurrence was found. No surgical and radiation-related complications were observed. The mean score according to Ogilvie-Harris criteria was 3.19 which rated as poor, and the IKDC function score was 37.1±3.8 before treatment. At the final follow-up, the mean score of Ogilvie-Harris was 8.79 which rated as good, and the IKDC score was 83.9±11.3 (p<0.05).ConclusionTreatment for primary intra-articular diffuse PVNS in the knee with complete arthroscopic synovectomy and postoperative low-dose external radiotherapy had good clinical outcome with no complication and recurrence.
Protocol: How Has Sustainable Development Goals Declaration Influenced Health Financing Reform Processes for Universal Health Coverage at the Country Level? A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Odoch Walter Denis , Senkubuge Flavia , Hongoro Charles 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAchieving universal health coverage (UHC) is necessitating reforms in the way countries finance health systems. However, health financing reforms (HFR) are inherently political and SDGs declaration is a political one. Therefore, the terrain where efforts for reforming health financing occurs is likely being influenced by the SDGs declaration. However, how the SDGs have influenced health financing reform processes at the national level, the outcomes of these processes and how stakeholders especially ministries of health are using SDGs to influence reforms towards UHC have not been explored. This review is proposed to provide information and lessons on how SDGs have influence health financing reforms for UHC at national level and identify methodological and empirical gaps in studies exploring the relationship between SDGs and health financing reforms for UHC. MethodsWe propose a systematic review of literature and shall adhere to preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We shall search 5 databases (Ovid Medline, PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature. Boolean operators “OR” and “AND” will be used to combine the concepts of sustainable development goals and health financing. The literature to be reviewed will be those on health financing reforms (population), one of the factors influencing the reform is SDGs declaration (exposure/intervention), and there is change in a health financing function (outcome). Identification and selection of studies shall be done in duplicate using a predefined tool, the overall process shall be depicted in a PRISMA flow chart. Quality assessment will be conducted using Joanna Biggs Institute checklist. Data shall be managed in NVIVo, where a thematic synthesis of data will be conducted. The results will be presented narratively. DiscussionWe shall share our finding with relevant stakeholders through workshop and publications. The SDGs declaration is relatively new, how it is influencing health financing reforms towards UHC at national level needs to be documented and shared for cross-country learning by stakeholders involved in this area. In addition, the review is anticipated to provide information on the methodological and/or empirical gaps in studies exploring the linkage between SDGs declaration and health systems reforms.
Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Observational Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Linjie , Yao Wei , Wang Xing , Peng Liyuan , Di Yuanyuan , Wang Peng , Deng Haidong , Fan Huaqian , Li Ying , Cheng Xin , Chen Younian , Chong Weelic , Hai Yang , You Chao , Fang Fang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with several complications and mortality in acutely ill patients. For patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), the association between COPD and clinical outcomes remains unclear. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed consecutive aSAH patients admitted to the West China Hospital between 2009 and 2019. Propensity score matching was performed to obtain the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI. The primary outcome was in hospital mortality.Results: Using a ten-year clinical database from a large university medical center, 5643 patients with aSAH were identified, of whom 377 (7.9%) also had COPD. After matching, 289 patients were included in COPD group and 1156 in non-COPD groups. COPD was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.02-2.62) and poor functional outcome at discharge (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04-1.80). Similarly, patients with COPD had significantly longer length of hospital stay, higher odds of seizure (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.04-4.04), pneumonia (OR 3.10, 95% CI 2.38-4.04), intracranial infection (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.14-2.29), urinary tract infection (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16-2.20) and bloodstream infection(OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.74-6.15). Conclusions: Among aSAH patients, COPD is associated with increased mortality. COPD represents a significant risk factor for pneumonia and seizure.
The application analysis of 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube in thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer
Authors: Song Yongbin , Zheng Chong , Zhou Shaohui , Cui Hongshang , Wang Jincong , Wang Jianxun , Wang Wenhao , Liu Lijun , Liu Junfeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background：Currently, thoracoscopic lobectomy is widely used in clinical practice, and postoperative placing of ultrafine drainage tube has advantages in reducing postoperative pain and accelerating postoperative recovery of patients.This study aim to investigate the feasibility and safety of placing 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube after thoracoscopic lobectomy and its superiority over traditional 24F chest drainage tube.Methods: A retrospective data analysis was undertaken on 134 patients who placed 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube or 24F chest drainage tube with thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer from January 2018 to December 2019 by our surgical team.Patients divided into Group A（n=67）with 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube and Group B（n=67）with 24F chest drainage tube.The drainage time, the total drainage volume,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative pain score and postoperative complication of both groups were compared.Results: Compared to B group,the A group had lower pain scores on postoperative days 1,2 and 3(3.72±0.65point vs 3.94±0.67point,P=0.027 ;2.72±0.93point vs 3.13±1.04point,P=0.016;1.87±0.65point vs 2.39±1.22point,P=0.005),shorter drainage time(4.25±1.79d vs 6.04±1.96d,P=0.000),fewer drainage volume(1100.42±701.57ml vs 1369.39±624.25ml,P=0.021);shorter postoperative hospital stay(8.46±2.48d vs 9.37±1.70d,P=0.014).Postoperative complication such as subcutaneous emphysema,pulmonary infection,atelectasis,chest tube reinsertion and intrathoracic hemorrhage displayed no difference between both group as well(P >0.05).Conclusion:Compared with 24F chest drainage tube, the application of 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube after thoracoscopic lobectomy can significantly shorten the drainage time,reduce the total drainage volume,reduce the postoperative pain degree,shorten the hospital day,and effectively detect postoperative intrathoracic hemorrhage. It is an effective, safe and reliable drainage method.
Components of the Required Scholarly Project for U.S.&nbsp;Allopathic Medical Schools
Authors: Wypiszynski Sarah , Hartnett Erin , Kaur Pareena , McEchron Matthew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The medical student scholarly project (SP) promotes self-directed independent learning and engenders critical thinking skills. The SP also allows medical students to understand scientific methods and promotes life-long learning practices. More medical schools have adopted aspects of the SP into their curricula, and notably the SP approaches have varied widely from one school to the next. Several studies have carefully documented the SP options for specific medical schools, but no study to date has compared the curricular components of the various medical schools with required SPs. Methods: This study queried 156 allopathic medical schools based in the U. S. to identify the curricular components of the various SPs. Each SP was analyzed to determine: (1) if it was required or optional, (2) its duration and placement within the four-year curriculum, (3) the capstone requirement (e.g., thesis, manuscript, and/or poster), (4) if the research required a data-driven research question and hypothesis, (5) if there was a formal curriculum dedicated to the SP, and (6) a list of the program objectives.Results: Our research shows that of the 156 medical schools examined, 108 schools (69%) have an SP included in their curricula, and 62 of the 156 (39.7%) require an SP for graduation. Only 24 (15.4%) of the 156 medical schools queried have a required SP that must have a data-driven research question. Of the 24, we found that six medical schools have a required SP spanning all four years of medical school, with a research question/hypothesis-driven project and completion of a final written thesis or journal article style manuscript. Conclusion: Numerous studies have described successful models of the medical student SP. We summarize the curricular components of the six medical schools that have a required, spanning all four years of medical school with a research question/hypothesis driven project and completion of a final written thesis or journal article style manuscript. We also describe two additional schools with comparable SP requirements, however, one of these example schools does not require a final written product and the other school concentrates the SP in a five-month period toward the end of the medical school curriculum.
The Economic Impact of Innovative Therapies for Rare Diseases on Healthcare Providers and the Healthcare System in Germany – The Example of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Brennenstuhl Heiko , Green Kim , Störzinger Dominic , Hoppe-Tichy Torsten , Burgard Peter , Klein Ulrike , Kölker Stefan , Neitemeier Sandra , Schoch Goentje-Gesine , Steimle Tim , Baas Jens , Hoffmann Georg F. , Autenrieth Ingo B. , Ziegler Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite a constant number of prescriptions, the expenditures of the statutory health insurance funds for pharmaceuticals are rising sharply. This is due to high prices for orphan drugs and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). Despite attempts by policymakers to intervene, such as the 2011 German Pharmaceutical Market Restructuring Act (Arzneimittelmarktneuordnungsgesetz, AMNOG), the use of these therapies poses numerous challenges for the healthcare system, especially insurance companies and healthcare providers.Results: Using data from the University Hospital Heidelberg, we found that the division of pediatric neurology is experiencing a disproportionate increase in drug costs, caused by two drugs for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Nusinersen and Onasemnogen Abeparvovec. A survey of 41 German SMA treatment centers revealed a lack of human and infrastructural resources to manage therapy and follow-up care, which currently is insufficiently reimbursed. Disease-independent registers that comply with the rules of the European Union for medication surveillance and which are not tied to the pharmaceutical industry are necessary.Conclusion: Innovative forms of therapy require a critical discussion and regulation of application, aftercare and reimbursement as well as (inter)national industry independent registry work. Based on the model of evidence-based dynamic pricing by the Techniker Krankenkasse, we propose a concept which offers an internationally scalable solution to combat these challenges.