bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformational leadership encourages residents’ job crafting in surgical training: A mixed-methods study of residents’ perceptions
Authors: DOMINGUEZ LUIS CARLOS , Dolmans Diana , Grave Willem de , Donkers Jeroen , Sanabria Alvaro , Stassen Laurents 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Supervisors’ leadership style can enhance resident performance, especially in terms of their ability to deal with the demands in the workplace and to take advantage of the available resources. Dealing with job demands and resources is known as job crafting, which has implications for the persistence of residents in training. The link between supervisors’ leadership style and residents’ job crafting, however, is not well understood.Methods This mixed-methods study sought to explore the relationships between a transformational (team-oriented), transactional (task-oriented), and laissez-faire (passive) supervisory style and residents’ job crafting and to explain these relationships. Residents filled out the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire to rate their supervisors’ leadership style and the Dutch job-crafting scale to assess their own job crafting. We tested the relationships using linear mixed effects regression analysis. To explain the ensuing results, we subsequently conducted a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with residents.Results One hundred and sixteen residents from 7 surgical programs participated. A transformational leadership style had a positive effect on residents’ job crafting (b = 0.19; 95% CI 0.08–0.32; p = 0.009), whereas the transactional and laissez-faire styles did not. This could be explained by the fact that residents felt their transformational supervisors had a positive influence on the atmosphere for training and on the job resources available to them, and considered them positive role models for how to handle the demands of the environment.Conclusion In residents’ view, a transformational style is positively related to the ability to craft their jobs and therefore has implications for their persistence in training. Future research should explore supervisors’ perspective on this relation and the effectiveness of leadership training for supervisors with a focus on resident outcomes, such as job crafting and persistence in training.
Effects of Xiao-Ban-Xia-Tang Formula on Cisplatin and 1-phenylbiguanide Hydrochloride Induced Emesis and Gut Microbiota in the Pica Model of Rats
Authors: Yang Yanhong , Feng Xiaodi , Chen Siqi , Meng Qi , Cheng Qianqian , Nie Ke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In this study, the effects of Xiao-Ban-Xia-Tang (XBXT) formula on cisplatin and 1-phenylbiguanide hydrochloride (1-PBG) induced acute and delayed emesis and gut microbiota were studied in the pica model of rats, compared with ondansetron. Methods: Two rat models of cisplatin and 1-PBG induced pica were established, the amount of kaolin intake was observed, and the effects of XBXT and ondansetron on the gut microbiota were further studied by 16S rDNA gene analysis. Results: The results showed that the total intake of kaolin of the rats injected with cisplatin and 1-PBG was significantly increased, and treatment of XBXT and ondansetron could significantly ameliorate the acute and delayed pica induced by cisplatin and 1-PBG. The 16S rDNA gene analysis has shown that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota of the cisplatin and 1-PBG treated rats was significantly decreased compared with the control group, and ondansetron could further decrease the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota of the rats treated with cisplatin. Ondansetron significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes on phylum level in the cisplatin and 1-PBG treated rats, while XBXT only decreased Firmicutes in the cisplatin treated rats. Conclusions: XBXT was as effective as ondansetron in the treatment of acute and delayed pica induced by cisplatin and 1-PBG in rats. Ondansetron was more likely to cause gut microbiota dysbiosis than XBXT. Our study provided new avenues for the roles and mechanisms of XBXT on the prevention and treatment of CINV.
Non-Invasively Distinguishing Progress of Liver Fibrosis by Visualizing Hepatic Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor-Beta Expression with an MRI Modality in Mice
Authors: Wu Ling , Huang Xiao-quan , Li Na , Xie Cao , Rao Sheng-xiang , Chen Shi-yao , Li Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Activated hepatic stellate cells are the most critical cell responsible for liver fibrosis. In liver fibrogenesis, platelet-derived growth factor is the most prominent mitogen for hepatic stellate cells. This study aims to explore the potential of gadolinium (Gd)-labeled cyclic peptides (pPB) targeted to platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiotracer to identify the progress of liver fibrosis by imaging hepatic PDGFR-β expression. Results: Hepatic PDGFR-β expression level was found to be paralleled with the severity of liver fibrosis, which was increased with the progression of fibrosis and reduced with the regression. Majority of cells expressing PDGFR-β was determined to be activated hepatic stellate cells in fibrotic livers. Culture-activated human hepatic stellate cells expressed abundant PDGFR-β, and FITC-labeled pPB could bind to human hepatic stellate cells in a concentration and time dependent manner. With Gd-labeled pPB as a tracer, an MRI modality demonstrated that the relative hepatic T1-weighed MR signal value was increased progressively along with severity of hepatic fibrosis and reduced with the remission. Conclusion: Hepatic PDGFR-β expression reflects the progress of hepatic fibrosis, and MR imaging using Gd-labeled pPB as a tracer may distinguish different stages of liver fibrosis in mice.
Heparinized Chitosan/hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Stimulate Angiogenesis in CAM Assay: Future Proangiogenic Materials to Promote Neovascularization to Accelerate Bone Regeneration
Authors: Nájera-Romero Griselda V , Yar Muhammad , Rehman Ihtesham U 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Formation of blood vessels during bone regeneration represents a major challenge for tissue engineered constructs. Poor revascularization can lead to scaffold failure and consequently, leads to non-healing fracture. Heparin is known to bind with angiogenic growth factors influencing the process of new blood vessels formation. There are several problems associated with the use of growth factors in clinic such as low stability, controlled delivery to the site, and price. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of heparin to produce pro-angiogenic bone regeneration materials. Chitosan/hydroxyapatite freeze-gelled scaffolds were prepared and loaded with heparin. Different concentrations of heparin were successfully loaded onto the scaffolds, its release from the scaffold was analysed by toluidine blue assay and their angiogenic effect was evaluated by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to determine the optimal concentration of heparin to induce a proangiogenic effect. It was noted that low heparin concentrations exhibited a positive effect, with approximately 28 µg per scaffold indicating a significant increment in blood vessels. The synthesized materials showed no cytotoxic effects when evaluated by using U2OS cell line.
Mother-child HIV-1 transmission in the departments of Mono and Couffo in Benin: incidence and associated factors in 2019
Authors: Koudokpon Hornel , Dougnon Victorien , Kissira Sètondji Islamiath , Gnimatin Jean-Pierre , Oussou Alida , Tossa Reine , Degbelo Gilbert , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Ahoussinou Clément 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite worldwide success of introducing HIV testing and treatment with antiretroviral drugs, HIV remains a real public health problem. Vertical mother-child transmission is a form responsible for many cases of new infections. This study was therefore carried out in order to reduce the prevalence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in the departments of Mono and Couffo. Method: For this purpose, a total of 374 dry blood spots (DBS) were collected from infants born to HIV-positive mothers during the year 2019, and these DBS were used for the molecular diagnosis of HIV1 in these infants. Information on the type of treatment, the type of diet of infants was also collected. The viral loads of the mothers before delivery were determined after the last antenatal visits. To do so, a venous blood sample was taken from an EDTA tube. These different samples were used for DNA extraction. The early diagnosis of these infants as well as the determination of the viral load were carried out by RT-PCR using the Roche automated system. The results were analyzed with the chi-square test on the SPSS software. Result: The results showed that 51% of the newborns included in the study were male and the vast majority of the newborns were in the 0-6 month age group. 93.41% of the newborns included in this study were tested negative for early detection by RT-PCR. Significant links were observed between the early diagnosis of newborns and the mother's mode of feeding, the PMTCT protocol, and the viral load of the mothers. Monoprophylaxis was predominant in the newborn PMTCT protocol (96.28%). Conclusion: The national program for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child deserves to be continued and strengthened with the objective of zero newborns infected at birth in the departments of Mono and Couffo.
Development of Shoe Insert for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients in Case of Ethiopia.
Authors: Wodag Awoke fenta , Ayalew Adane Adugna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Foot ulcer is mainly developing due to diabetic disease. It is an open sore on the foot. The aim of this research is to develop polyurethane memory foam in sock/shoe insert in Ethiopia by replacing costly material silicon surfactant and distill water by locally available and affordable input materials castor oil as surfactant and tap water instead of distilled water for the diabetic foot ulcer patients. Under this research, it was able to prove the severity of foot ulcer in Ethiopia and enhance the high demand of orthotic appliance. Three memory foams in sock with different surfactant ratios were manufactured at AMAGA P.L.C foam factory, Bahir Dar Ethiopia using standard Polyols and diisocynates. The shoe insert /in sock was prepared by using materials used in the factory to prepare PU memory foam mattress with 5g, 9.5 g and 10.36g of castor oil surfactant amount as a new replaced material instead of costly silicon surfactant from the three the first (castor oil 5g is not form a foam and hence no further investigation is conducted on it). Physical properties such as thickness, density, Hardness, Compression set, water absorption and abrasion resistance of developed in sock were tested. Further the new developed in sock was compared with that of existed commercial polyurethane in sock and the SATRA standards. The new developed in sock has showed an equivalent mechanical property with the standard.
Taiwanese new direction in prediction of early pregnancy preeclampsia: a prospective and non-interventional study
Authors: Chen Yen-Tin , Lin Tzu-Yi , Cheng Po-Jen , Chan Kok-Seong , Huang Hui-Yu , Shaw Steven W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background First trimester screening is essential to preeclampsia (PE) prevention. Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) model combined maternal characteristics with mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI) and placental growth factor (PlGF) to estimate risk. High detection rate (DR) was observed in Asia. The study aims to evaluate performance of screening in Taiwan.Methods This was a prospective and non-interventional study between January, 2017 and June, 2018. Data was collected from 700 pregnant women at 11+ 0-13+ 6 gestational week. Maternal characteristics were recorded. MAP, UtAPI and PlGF were measured and converted into Multiple of the Median (MoM). Patient-specific risks were calculated with FMF model. Performance of screening was examined by ROC curve and DR.Results 25 women (3.57%) contracted PE, including 8 with preterm PE (1.14%). In preterm PE, mean MoM of MAP and UtAPI were higher (1.096 vs 1.000; 1.084 vs 1.035). Mean MoM of PlGF was lower (0.927 vs 1.031). DR in preterm PE achieved 12.5%, 50.0%, 50.0% and 62.5% at false-positive rate (FPR) of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%.Conclusion FMF model showed high DR for PE in Taiwan. Integration of PE and Down screening could set up a one-step workflow.
Breed-specific Reference Sequence Optimizes Mapping Accuracy of NGS Analyses for Pigs
Authors: Wang Dan , Yang Liu , Ning Chao , Liu Jian-Feng , Zhao Xingbo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The reference sequence plays a key role in next-generation sequencing (NGS), which impacts the mapping quality during genome analyses. Especially for mitochondrion which contains plentiful amounts of innate DNA, the optimal reference sequence makes mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) alignment accurate and efficient. In this study, different mapping reference sequences, the commonly used reference sequence (CU-ref), the breed-specific reference sequence (BS-ref) and the sample-specific reference sequence (SS-ref) were compared to test the accuracy of mapping quality in the NGS analyses of pigs.Results: Four pigs from three breeds were high-throughput sequenced and subsequently mapped using three different reference mentioned above, which indicated that the BS-ref produced the largest number of mappable reads and coverages at acceptable run-times. After that, the SNP calling accuracy was evaluated by 18 detection strategies with three tools SAMtools, VarScan and GATK with different parameters under the BS-ref mapping strategy. Results showed that nine detection strategies achieved the same best specificity and sensitivity, which suggested a high accuracy of mitogenome alignment by the BS-ref alignment strategy, with a low requirement for SNP calling tools and parameter choices. Conclusions: Overall, using the breed-specific reference sequences in NGS analyses optimized the mapping quality and the SNP calling accuracy. This study indicates that the different reference sequences which represent different genetic distances between reference sequences and samples in mitogenome alignments influence alignment quality.
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Reducing Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation in Iranian Veterans Referred to a Military Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Ghadam Haleh Shahed Hagh , Rahnejat Amir Mohsen , Taghva Arsia , Ebrahimi Mohammad Reza , Donyavi Vahid , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Veterans are more exposed to mental disorders, especially anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt, due to the important role they played in defending their country. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on reducing anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Methods: This study was conducted following a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design in 2020. The study included two groups, the experimental group and the control group awaiting treatment. The participants in this study consisted of 20 veterans who were selected using availability sampling and randomly assigned to two groups, the experimental group and the control group awaiting treatment (10 in each group). The instruments used in this study included the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), and a researcher-made demographic information questionnaire. Participants in the experimental group received 12 sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for two hours per week, and participants in the control group awaiting treatment did not receive any intervention and received only routine medications. The pre-test and post-test were administered to both groups. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical indices and the univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) using SPSS 22 software. Results: The study results showed that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) contributed substantially to managing and reducing anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation in veterans in the experimental group. After the intervention, the mean scores of the experimental group on the variables of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation decreased as compared to the control group awaiting treatment, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in veterans.
A New Minimally Invasive Surgery of Hallux Valgus: Technique and Preliminary Outcomes
Authors: Guo Changjun , Li Xingchen , Li Chunguang , Xu Yang , Cai Ming , Xu Xiangyang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to present a new minimally invasive surgery (MIS) technique and evaluate the safety and efficacy for correction of hallux valgus deformity at a preliminary follow-up.Methods48 consecutive feet that underwent a new MIS of hallux valgus with a mean 17.6 months follow-up (range 9 to 28 months). This technique uses a new osteotomy of the first metatarsal with screw fixation and percutaneous Weil osteotomy of lesser metatarsal without fixation. All patients were clinically evaluated using the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal score (AOFAS HMI) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Radiographic measures included hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and the length of the first metatarsal. ResultsThere was significant improvement in the radiographic parameters(P<0.001). The IMA decreased from 13.3° to 9.8°, the HVA improved from 35.9° to 17.9° and the mean MT length decreased by 4 mm. There was significant improvement of VAS in the postoperative 2 weeks (P < .001). There were significant improvements in the MOXFQ scores and AOFAS HMI scores, respectively. The total rate of complication was 10.4%.ConclusionThe preliminary radiographic and clinical outcomes of this new minimally invasive surgery show that it is a safe procedure and had significantly less pain in the first 2 weeks following surgery.
An Options Pricing Method Based on the Atmospheric Environmental Health Index
Authors: Zhao Laijun , Wang Chenchen , Yang Yong , Xue Jian , Li Deqiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Environmental finance has gradually become an important tool for solving atmospheric pollution problems. The creation of options based on an atmospheric environmental health index (AEHI) is designed to support a rational pricing of financial products related to the health of the atmospheric environment.Method: First, the improved Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model is established to predict the change in air pollutant concentrations, and then the AEHI is constructed using exposure-response Poisson regression model. Then, an options pricing method for AEHI is proposed based on Esscher transform theory. Finally, the investment strategy for enterprises is formulated to hedge operational risk by using the AEHI option.Results: AEHI options prices were determined for two diseases in each of three age groups using Beijing, China, as a case study, and AEHI option is applied to recompense for human health losses and hedge operating risk for an insurance enterprise.Conclusion: The AEHI options should therefore be used to compensate for the damage to human health caused by air pollution, and to hedge against the operational risks of related industries such as insurance.
Effects of Co-Ingestion of AAKG and HMB on Jumping Performance&nbsp;in Young Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Kaczka Piotr , Batra Amit , Kubicka Katarzyna , Maciejczyk Marcin , Jastrząb Rafał , Kopera Edyta , Bira Justyna , Zając Tomasz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of simultaneous supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and L-arginine α-ketoglutarate on lower limb power and muscle damage in medium distance runners aged 15.3 (± 0.9) years old. Methods: The study group consisted of 40 volunteers (men and women) aged 14-17 (juniors and younger juniors) who have been practicing medium distance running for at least two years. The study followed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. All subjects attended a familiarisation session on day 0 before the test commenced. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: supplements group and placebo group. A similar training cycle protocol was used in both groups. Daily sRPE values, countermovement jump measurement as well as blood creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured during 12-day training period. Results: After the end of the training cycle, a significant (p = 0.002) decrease in the countermovement jump (CMJ) height was found in the placebo group when compared to the baseline measurement. In the supplements group, there was no decrease in the countermovement jump value, which was close to the baseline level after the end of the training cycle (p>0.05). During the 12-day training period, statistically significant changes in creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were recorded between the supplements and placebo groups; its concentration increased during the training weeks similarly, and decreased on rest. All the changes were at a comparable level in both groups. The research results indicate that the supplement combination used in the supplements group prevented a reduction in the CMJ values. In contrast to supplements group, in the placebo group, the CMJ changes were statistically significant: a noticeable (p = 0.002) decrease in CMJ was noted between the baseline measurement and the 6th measurement. The well-being of the subjects from both groups changed significantly during the training period, and the intergroup differences in the mood level were similar and not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the daily co-supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (6 g) and L-arginine α-ketoglutarate (8 g) during the 12-day intensive training camp may prevent deterioration of lower limb muscle power measured by the CMJ test in the well-trained youth track and field athletes. Keywords: training camp supplementation, medium distance runners, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, HMB, L-arginine α-ketoglutarate, AAKG, countermovement jump, CK- creatine kinase, LDH – lactate dehydrogenase.
Breastfeeding&nbsp;Reduce the Risk of&nbsp;Kawasaki Disease&nbsp;in a Chinese Population&nbsp;Based&nbsp;Case-Control Study
Authors: Si Feifei , Yang Yanfeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the pediatric age group in developed countries. But its etiology is unknown. We assessed whether brestfeeding time can influence risk of KD. Methods: We collected feeding, clinical and laboratory details from 200 KD patients and 100 controls. Then we use SPSS to assess the comparison of the general characteristics of KD patients and control patients, and the Correlation of BF time with clinical and laboratory of KD patients. Results: The haemoglobin level was significantly lower in Kawasaki disease patients compared with controls (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between group of KD with coronary artery lesions (CALs) and group of KD without CALs in age, sex, WBC, platelet, HB, CRP . However, there were significantly decreased frequencies for the longer beestfeeding time in KD patients without CALs when compared with KD patients with CALs (OR=668, 95%CI=0.454-0.984，p=0.041). Moreover, HB level were positively correlated with brestfeeding time in patients with KD (r=0.163, p=0.028) Conclusion: We have shown that breast-feeding is associated with KD and the CALs. Brestfeeding may reduce the risk or KD with CALs. Brestfeeding may reduce the risk of KD with CALs.