bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Drug Reactions in COVID-19 Patients: Protocol for a Living Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Ambrish , Hussain Salman , Mirchandani Dimple A. , Shrestha Nipun , Antony Benny 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease with human to human transmission. The COVID-19 may present with mild, moderate, or severe illness. Currently, no proven effective therapies for COVID-19 exist and no vaccine is available. Various pharmacological treatments are currently being tested for patients with COVID-19. The current living systematic review aims to examine the definition, frequency, nature, and severity of the adverse event (AE)/ adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurring in patients with COVID-19 receiving active pharmacological treatment and to compare it against control groups where available. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central databases will be searched for studies that reported COVID-19 patients receiving treatment for infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with any pharmacological drugs such as but not limited to, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ritonavir, remdesivir, tocilizumab, pirfenidone, etc. Data pertaining to safety parameters like AEs, ADR, serious AEs, serious ADR, treatment non-response, and deterioration of illness will be captured and analysed.
Clinical Characteristics and Survival Associations of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: Does Age Matter?
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Sun Xiaoyan , Zhang Zheng , Xu Xiaowu , Yu Xianjun , Zhuo Qifeng , Ji Shunrong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) is the second most common epithelial neoplasm of pancreas. As in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, patients with different onset ages display different clinical features and prognosis, we divided pNET patients into early-onset pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (EOpNET) and typical age-at-onset pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (TOpNET) to investigate the effect of onset age on its clinical characteristics and prognosis.Methods Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004–2015; cohort 1) and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) (2005–2018; cohort 2) retrospectively. The clinical characteristics were compared using chi-squared tests. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and overall survival were formulated by Kaplan–Meier curves.Results In total 5,368 and 330 patients’ data were included from the SEER database and FUSCC. Gender had no effect on survival in EOpNET group. Tumors locating in the tail (HR: 0.721, 95%CI: 0.63–0.83, P < 0.001) and body (HR: 0.712, 95%CI: 0.60–0.85, P = 0.001) had lower risks of death compared to tumors in the head in TOpNET group. The overall survival of EOpNET (136 (3-143) months) was better than TOpNET (85 (3-143) months) (P < 0.001) in SEER database. The results in FUSCC was similar with SEER cohort.Conclusions EOpNET group had significantly better overall survival than TOpNET though their clinical characteristics were not significantly different. In the future personalized treatment of pNET, the onset age of patients will become another important factor for guiding the treatment and prognosis.
Analysing microbiome intervention studies: Does choice of a statistical method affect biological interpretation?
Authors: Khomich Maryia , Måge Ingrid , Berget Ingunn , Rud Ida 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

The diet plays a major role in shaping gut microbiome composition and function in both humans and animals, and dietary intervention trials are often used to investigate and understand these effects. A plethora of statistical methods for analysing differential abundance of microbial taxa exists, and new methods are constantly being developed, but there is a lack of benchmarking studies and clear consensus on the best multivariate statistical practices. This makes it hard for a biologist to decide which method to use.
Results

We compared the outcomes of a wide range of ANOVA-like statistical methods to explore to what extent the choice of method affects the biological inferences made. The comparison is based on five published dietary intervention studies representing different subjects and study designs. We found that the methods producing outputs at the community level were in agreement regarding both effect size and statistical significance. However, the methods that provided ranking of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) gave incongruent results, implying that the choice of method is likely to influence the biological interpretations.
Conclusions

We concluded that inferences at the OTU level should be made with caution, and that a combination of several statistical methods allows to interpret the outcomes with higher confidence and simultaneously account for the limitations of each method.
The association between dietary inflammatory index and gastric cancer: A case control study
Authors: Barekzai Ahmad Mujtaba , Aminianfar Azadeh , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

No report is available about diet-disease associations in the understudied region of Afghanistan. Although inflammatory potential of diet has been linked with several cancers, information about gastric cancer is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and odds of gastric cancer in Afghanistan.
Methods

In this hospital-based case-control study, we enrolled 90 newly-diagnosed cases of gastric cancer and 180 age (± 5) and sex-matched controls. All cases were pathologically confirmed gastric cancer patients, with no history of any type of other pathologically confirmed cancers. Controls were healthy individuals and relatives of patients in the hospital. Dietary assessment was done by a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire. DII was calculated based on energy-adjusted amounts of several foods and nutrients with inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential, as introduced by earlier studies.
Results

Mean age of study participants was 54 years, of them 73% were males. After adjustment for age and sex, individuals in the highest tertile of DII were 2.47 times (95% CI: 1.31–4.66) more likely to have gastric cancer compared with those in the lowest tertile. Further adjustment for other potential confounders did not substantially affect the association; such that participants with the greatest DII had approximately 3.59 times (95% CI: 1.16, 11.02) increased odds of gastric cancer than those with the lowest adherence. Additional adjustment for BMI strengthened the association (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.14–12.30).
Conclusion

We found a significant positive association between inflammatory potential of diet and risk of gastric cancer. Further studies with prospective nature are required to confirm this association.
Small-scale drinking water treatment unit of filtration and UV disinfection for remote area
Authors: Chabi Kassim , Zeng Jie , Guo Lizheng , Li Xi , Ye Chengsong , Yu Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeople in remote areas are still drinking surface water that may contain certain pollutants including harmful microorganisms and chemical compounds directly without any pretreatment. In this study, we have designed and operated a pilot-scale drinking water treatment unit as part of our aim to find an economic and easily operable technology for providing drinking water to people in those areas. Our small-scale treatment unit contains filtration and disinfection (UV–C irradiation) stages to remove pollutants from source water. The water quality index was determined based on various parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and bacteria. Water and media samples after DNA extraction were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq throughput sequencing for the determination of bacterial community composition. After the raw water treatment, the reduction of bacteria concentration ranged from 1 to 2 log10. The average removal of the turbidity, ammonium, nitrite, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon reached up to 95.33%, 85.71%, 100%, 28.57%, and 45%, respectively. In conclusion, multiple biological stages in our designed unit showed an improvement of the drinking water quality. The designed drinking treatment unit produces potable water meeting standards at a lower cost of operation and it can be used in remote areas.
The effect of CO2 addition and hydraulic retention time on pathogens removal in HRAPs
Authors: Ruas Graziele , Farias Sarah Lacerda , Scarcelli Priscila G. , Serejo Mayara L. , Boncz Marc A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The influence of CO2 addition and hydraulic retention time (5 and 7 days) on removal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., and Escherichia coli was evaluated in a system with three parallel 21 L high rate algal ponds. Both the addition of CO2 and an increase in HRT had no significant influence on bacterial removal, but bacterial removal was higher than found in previous studies. The removal was 3.4–3.8, 2.5–3.7, 2.6–3.1, 2.2–2.6 and 1.3–1.7 units log for P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Enterococcus sp., C. perfringens, and for Staphylococcus sp., respectively. Although CO2 addition did not increase disinfection, it did significantly increase biomass productivity (by ≈60%) and settleability (by ≈350%). Additionally, even at the lower 5-day hydraulic retention time, CO2 addition improves removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen and phosphorus by 97, 91, 12 and 50%, respectively.
New Spirocyclic Hydroxamic Acids as Effective Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Neganova Margarita E. , Klochkov Sergey G. , Aleksandrova Yulia R. , Osipov Vasily N. , Avdeev Dmitry V. , Pukhov Sergey A. , Gromyko Alexandr V. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: May 2020

Aims:
The main goal of this work is to synthesize new original spirocyclic hydroxamic acids, investigate
their cytotoxicity against the panel of tumor cell lines and possible mechanism of action of these active
compounds.

Background:
Hydroxamic acids are one of the promising classes of chemical compounds with proven potential
anticancer properties. This is manifested in the presence of metal chelating and antioxidant activities, the ability
to inhibit histone deacetylase enzymes and a chemosensitizing effect against well known cytostatics.

Objective:
Original spirocyclic hydroxamic acids were synthesized and spectra of their antiproliferative activities
were investigated.

Methods:
The cytotoxic activities on different tumor lines (SH-SY5Y, HeLa and healthy cells HEK-293) were
investigated and determined possible underlying mechanisms of their activity.

Result:
New original spirocyclic hydroxamic acids were synthesized. These compounds exhibit antiproliferative
properties against various tumor cultures cells and also exhibit antioxidant activity, a depolarizing effect on the
mitochondrial membrane, inhibit the activity of the histone deacetylase enzyme, and also decrease of basal
glycolysis and glycolytic capacity reserve of HeLa and SH-SY5Y tumor cell lines.

Conclusion:
The most promising are compounds 5j-l containing two chlorine atoms as substituents in the
quinazoline part of the molecule and hydroxamate function. Therefore, these compounds can be considered as
hit compounds for the development on their basis multi-target anticancer agents.
Sportcivilek-ellenőrzés, beszámolási sajátosságok
Authors: Szabados György Norbert , Bácsné Bába Éva , Fenyves Veronika , Bács Zoltán , Helmeczi András , Dajnoki Krisztina 
Published: May 2020

Az ellenőrzés, mint vezetési funkció nem mondható egy, a vezetési szakirodalmakban különösen preferált vizsgálati témának, hasonlóan igaz ez a civil szervezetek témakörére is. Magyarországon a rendszerváltást követően intenzívvé váló nonprofit, azon belül pedig a civil szféra lényegesen meghatározóvá vált. 2017-ben a 61 151 nonprofit szervezet 15,2%-a sport cél szerinti tevékenységű, az 53 613 klasszikus civil szervezet (egyesületek és alapítványok) esetében ez az arány magasabb, 16,2%. Ezeknek a szervezeteknek különös sajátossága a támogatásokkal kapcsolatos különös összefüggés, mely a KSH aktuális adatai szerint mára támogatásfüggőséggé vált (a bevételek közel 2/3-a támogatás). Ezért válhat érzékennyé a téma, amennyiben egy szervezet ugyanis nem tud elszámolni támogatásokkal, vagy nem tud megfelelni a törvényi elvárásoknak, úgy az összefüggésben lehet a vezető ellenőrzői funkciójával, és rávilágít a civil szervezetek és az ellenőrzés összefüggésére. Tanulmányunkban az ellenőrzés mint vezetési funkción keresztül kívánjuk röviden áttekinteni a téma sajátosságait, ahol eredményeink szerint ezek a szervezetek egy jelentős része nem is igazán tud az elvárásoknak megfelelően teljesíteni.
A családok pénzügyi helyzetének változása Magyarországon 2000-2019
Authors: Szentesi Ibolya , Csizmásné Tóth Judit , Gáspár Andrea , Horváthné Kökény Annamária 
Published: May 2020

Munkabérből élő családok pénzügyi helyzete számos tényező függvénye. Meghatározza többek között a munkabér, a szociális támogatások, az adókulcsok alakulása, s az adható kedvezmények nagysága. Az adórendszer a magánszemélyek legnagyobb rétegét érintő részét minden évben, sőt évközben is változtatják, csökkentve ezzel a kiszámíthatóságot és az előre tervezhetőséget. Az elmúlt években az adóterhelés körüli viták során bebizonyosodott, hogy a személyi jövedelemadó kulcsát nem lehet a társadalombiztosítási járulékkulcstól elkülönítetten vizsgálni. A bruttó átlagkereset - a minimálbér illetve a garantált bérminimum emelése okán is - a vizsgált közel 20 év alatt több mint négyszeresére emelkedett. A nettó átlagkeresetnél a növekedés üteme ennél magasabb az adórendszerben történt változások miatt. A kötelezően meghatározott bér a vizsgált évek alatt majdnem közel hatszorosára emelkedett. De mennyivel lett kedvezőbb vagy kedvezőtlenebb a jövedelmi helyzete egy munkabérből élő átlagos családnak 20 év viszonylatában? A vizsgálatunk során arra keressük a választ, hogy a minimálbérek emelkedése, valamit a törvénymódosítások hatására a megélhetés milyen módon alakult.
OS PARÂMETROS DE PROTEÇÃO DAS MIGRAÇÕES NO SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: ESIS Ivette , PALUMA Thiago , SILVA Bianca Guimarães 
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivos: O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal atestar, sistematizar e analisar os parâmetros de proteção dos direitos humanos dos migrantes no âmbito do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos. Metodologia: Adotou-se uma abordagem de caráter histórico, teórico e bibliográfico, a partir de método qualitativo e de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Utilizou-se jurisprudências e pareceres consultivos da Corte Interamericana no lapso temporal de 1999 a 2018. Resultados: Os resultados afirmam a existência de dez parâmetros protetivos e apontam que o estabelecimento de critérios objetivos de aplicação dos parâmetros orienta a sua implementação de maneira adequada. A partir da análise realizada, constatou-se que a Corte fomenta a proteção integral e multidisciplinar do imigrante, visando protegê-lo em todos as fases migratórias, sobretudo em situações pertinentes ao continente americano como a detenção migratória, a irregularidade documental e a vulnerabilidade dos migrantes. Contribuições: A relevância deste estudo é demonstrada no contexto da multidisciplinaridade das migrações, em que a sua proteção seja integral e contemple todas as fases migratórias: desde a saída de um indivíduo do seu Estado de origem até a chegada no Estado receptor, bem como os possíveis casos de deportação, trânsito ou estadia permanente. Palavras-chave: Migração Internacional; parâmetros de proteção; Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. ABSTRACT Objective: The main objective of this article is to attest, systematize and analyze the parameters for the protection of the human rights of migrants within the framework of the Inter-American Human Rights System. Methodology: A historical, theoretical and bibliographic approach was adopted using a qualitative method and bibliographic and documentary research. The jurisprudence and advisory opinions of the Inter-American Court were used in the period from 1999 to 2018. Results:The results affirm the existence of ten protective parameters and point out that the establishment of objective criteria for the application of the parameters guides its implementation in an appropriate manner. The Court promotes the full and multidisciplinary protection of immigrants, aiming to protect them in all migratory phases, especially in situations pertinent to the American continent, such as migratory detention, documentary irregularities and the vulnerability of immigrants. Contributions: The relevance of this study is demonstrated in the context of the multidisciplinary nature of migration, in which its protection is comprehensive and includes all migratory phases: from the departure of an individual from his country of origin to the arrival in the receiving country, as well as possible cases deportation, transit or permanent stay. Keywords: International migration; standard of protection; Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
ENRIQUECIMENTO ILÍCITO, CORRUPÇÃO E OS LIMITES DO DIREITO PENAL
Authors: BECHARA Fábio Ramazzini , LIMA Priscila Luciene Santos de 
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivos: Visa a pesquisa, de maneira introdutória, situar a tutela de bens jurídicos pelo Direito Penal, bem como analisar a problemática do enriquecimento ilícito e sua relação com a corrupção, bem como verificar de que maneira tais situações coadunam-se com os limites de atuação estatal na aplicação do Direito Penal, traçando um paralelo entre o jus puniendi do Estado e o Direito Administrativo sancionador, bem como a forma pela qual a referida legislação adentra na dogmática jurídico-penal. Metodologia: O estudo adota o método de abordagem da revisão bibliográfica, mediante a leitura de livros, artigos científicos e a legislação. Resultados: A partir da análise realizada, implica em considerar que, a harmonização do sistema sancionatório no quadro do espaço territorial de Estados unidos por uma eficaz integração regional ou global é uma forma de garantir aos povos a concretização de uma justiça proba e uniformizada. Contribuições: Contribui de maneira singela ao trazer reflexões de cunho pragmático e que de forma simples, revela que em um Estado Democrático de Direito devem ser respeitadas as garantias constitucionais vinculadas à esta circunstância com relação às pessoas investigadas, julgadas e condenadas, sejam elas físicas ou jurídicas. Palavras-chave: Enriquecimento ilícito; corrupção; limites do Direito Penal. ABSTRACT Objectives: To situate the protection of legal assets by Criminal Law, as well as to analyze the problem of illicit enrichment and its relationship with corruption, as well as to verify how such situations are consistent with the limits of State action in the application of Criminal Law, drawing a parallel between the jus puniendi of the State and the sanctioning Administrative Law, as well as the way in which said legislation enters into the legal-criminal dogma. Methodology:The study adopts the method of approaching the bibliographic review, by reading books, scientific articles and legislation. Results: The harmonization of the sanctioning system within the framework of the territorial space of United States for an effective regional or global integration is a way of guaranteeing to the peoples the achievement of a uniform and probable justice. Contributions: Contributes in a simple way by bringing reflections of a pragmatic nature and that in a simple way, reveals that in a Democratic State of Law, the constitutional guarantees linked to this circumstance regarding the investigated, tried and convicted persons, whether physical or physical, must be respected. legal entities. Keywords: Illicit enrichment; corruption; limits; limits of Criminal Law.
How the EU supports the Bush doctrine
Authors: Zyla Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

Soon after the terrorist attacks on September 11th, the Bush administration announced a new national security strategy. Soon thereafter, this strategic document was denounced in European capitals as ‘cowboyesk’ and isolationist. Particular dislike was announced about the strategy of pre-emption in domestic affairs of other states. Under this plan Washington reserved the right to send U.S. soldiers abroad to intervene in countries before they can pose a threat to the United States. In addition, many officials in Europe rejected Washington’s assertion of withdrawing from its membership in the international criminal court, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and the Kyoto Protocol; it was perceived as a unilateralist foreign policy that rejects America’s responsibility in the world. However, what some analysts and commentators neglect to see is that the Bush doctrine also shows elements of Wilsonianism, a policy named after former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson who stood for promoting democracy, human rights, freedom and effective in international affairs. The European Union published their first security strategy a year after the U.S. published theirs. Interestingly, Brussels advocated similar strategies and concepts to the US strategy. Similarities can be see in both strategies in their messianic approach to create a better world and promote more international oder. This paper argues that despite the unilateralist tone of the current U.S. national security policy, the European strategy and its American counterpart share the same values of how to conduct and what to achieve in international affairs. Consequently, the two strategies can be seen as complementary to each other, not contradictory. The paper will first address the nature of the U.S. national security strategy before analyzing the European security strategy while making reference, in both cases, to the Wilsonian tradition of international affairs.
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i2.168
Addressing threats: European foreign policy toward the Middle East since the European Security Strategy
Authors: Santini Ruth Hanau 
Published: May 2020

This paper looks at the qualitative change in the foreign policy discourse by the European Union towards the Middle East, as well as the EU’s overall degree of consistency between words and deeds. By looking at European Council Conclusions as well as General Affairs Council conclusions, it will be argued that on a discursive level the Union has taken stock of the emergence of new threats to its security, and has started shifting its attention from state failure and regional conflicts to the threats posed by terrorism and non-conventional proliferation. Secondly, by differentiating among three kinds of coherence, it will be shown that the main source of incoherence in the Union external action in the Middle East is not to be found in its institutional or horizontal dimensions, but in its vertical level, that is between the Union and member states. Examples will be provided in order to substantiate an overall claim: the EU security discourse might have changed; its policies however remain driven by the difficult balancing exercise between Brussels and national capitals.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i2.184