bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembatalan Akta Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan
Authors: Bong Wansan 
Published: September 2020

<pre><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></pre><p><em>Land Mortgage as one of the guarantee for debt, often times being misused by foreigners who try to gain land in the Republic of Indonesia area through illegitimate means. That matter often makes the content of a Land Mortgage deed to be against the law. In this excerpt the writer analyses three District Court Decisions from Denpasar with the legal matter of Illegal Land Mortgage Deed (APHT) in Indonesia. From the research result, not all Illegal Land Mortgage Deeds are voided. While the voided Land Mortgage Deeds, then the status of the creditor changed from preference to concurrent.</em><em></em></p><pre><strong><em>Keywords: Mortgage</em></strong></pre><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Hak Tanggungan sebagai salah satu jaminan atas utang sering kali dipersalahgunakan oleh Warga Negara Asing yang ingin menguasai tanah di wilayah Republik Indonesia secara melawan hukum. Hal tersebut menjadikan seringnya Akta Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan yang memuat hal-hal yang melanggar hukum. Dalam penulisan ini Penulis menganalisis tiga putusan Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar dengan pokok perkara serupa mengenai APHT yang bertentangan dengan hukum di Indonesia. Dari hasil penelitian, tidak semua APHT yang bertentangan tersebut dibatalkan. Sedangkan untuk APHT yang dibatalkan, maka status Kreditor berubah dari preferen menjadi konkuren.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong><strong> <em>Hak Tanggungan</em></strong></p>
KEPEMILIKAN RUMAH DINAS OLEH PURNAWIRAWAN TNI BERDASARKAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN
Authors: Maurizka Intan Ghina , Rahmadhani Maurizka Ananda 
Published: September 2020

<pre><em><span lang="EN">Land is a symbol of prosperity for an agrarian country. Having land rights that have been regulated by law, for example is absentee land which is ownership of a number of land outside of the place where he is domiciled. Civil servants or military officials are given specificity to occupy official houses provided by the state to ensure the effectiveness of time in carrying out their work. Specificity for military officials (TNI) to own land because military officials often have difficulty in determining the domicile caused by their official duties. And there are exceptions to land ownership for retired military officials.</span></em></pre><pre> </pre>
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI TANAH ULAYAT MASYARAKAT ADAT KESULTANAN DELI AKIBAT NASIONALISASI NV DELI MAATSCHAPPIJ [Legal Protection of the Communal Land Rights of the Deli Sultanate due to the Nationalization of NV Deli Maatschaapij]
Authors: Naibaho Jeremy Aidianto , Nugroho Bambang Daru , Zamil Yusuf Saepul 
Published: September 2020

<p><em><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Abstract</strong><br /></span></em></p><p><em><span class="fontstyle1">Nationalization of a Dutch-owned plantation company, NV Deli Maatschappij, was an attempt by the government to improve national economic situation. However, during the process, communal land which was concessioned to the plantation, was also nationalized and not given compensation by the government which resulted the indigenous people of Deli Sultanate losing their customary land. The former plantation land was converted to Cultivation Rights and handed over to the State Plantation Company This problem led to a prolonged conflict over ownership of the former estate. The purpose of this study is to determine the validity of the nationalization process carried out by Indonesian government on the existence of indigenous peoples’ customary land rights and obtain settlement of customary land rights of indigenous peoples as the impact on nationalization. Furthermore, this research is normative legal research (library research) with a statutory approach (statue approach).<br /></span></em></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong><em>Keywords: Nationalization, Communal Land, Compensation</em></strong><br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle3"><br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle3"><strong>Abstrak</strong><br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle4">Proses nasionalisasi Perusahaan Perkebunan milik Belanda, yaitu NV Deli </span><span class="fontstyle1">Maatschappij </span><span class="fontstyle4">adalah upaya pemerintah untuk memperbaiki perekonomian Negara. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya tanah ulayat yang dikonsesikan kepada perkebunan juga ikut ternasionalisasi dan tidak diberikan ganti kerugian oleh pemerintah yang berakibat Masyarakat Adat Kesultanan Deli kehilangan tanah ulayatnya. Tanah bekas perkebunan diubah menjadi Hak Guna Usaha dan diserahkan kepada Perusahaan Perkebunan Negara. Hal ini menimbulkan<br />konflik berkepanjangan tentang kepemilikan tanah bekas perkebunan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif (</span><em><span class="fontstyle1">library research</span></em><span class="fontstyle4">) dengan pendekatan undang-undang (</span><em><span class="fontstyle1">statue approach</span></em><span class="fontstyle4">). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai keabsahan proses nasionalisasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia terhadap eksistensi hak ulayat Masyarakat Adat dan memperoleh penyelesaian sengketa tanah ulayat Masyarakat Adat sebagai dampak atas<br />nasionalisasi.<br /></span></p><p><strong><span class="fontstyle3">Kata Kunci: Nasionalisasi, Tanah Ulayat, Ganti Rugi</span> </strong></p>
Pharmacological Inhibition of PPAR<sub>y</sub> Boosts HIV Reactivation and Th17 Effector Functions, while Preventing Progeny Virion Release and <i>de novo</i> Infection
Authors: Planas Delphine , Fert Augustine , Zhang Yuwei , Goulet Jean-Philippe , Richard Jonathan , Finzi Andrés , Ruiz Maria Julia , Marchand Laurence Raymond , Chatterjee Debashree , Chen Huicheng , Salinas Tomas Raul Wiche , Gosselin Annie , Cohen Eric A. , Routy Jean-Pierre , Chomont Nicolas , Ancuta Petronela 
Published: September 2020

The frequency and functions of Th17-polarized CCR6+RORyt+CD4+ T cells are rapidly compromised upon HIV infection and are not restored with long-term viral suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). In line with this, Th17 cells represent selective HIV-1 infection targets mainly at mucosal sites, with long-lived Th17 subsets carrying replication-competent HIV-DNA during ART. Therefore, novel Th17-specific therapeutic interventions are needed as a supplement of ART to reach the goal of HIV remission/cure. Th17 cells express high levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy), a transcriptional factor that represses the transcription of the HIV provirus and the rorc gene, which encodes for the Th17-specific master regulator RORyt/RORC2. Thus, we hypothesized that the pharmacological inhibition of PPARy will facilitate HIV reservoir reactivation while enhancing Th17 effector functions. Consistent with this prediction, the PPARy antagonist T0070907 significantly increased HIV transcription (cell-associated HIV-RNA) and RORyt-mediated Th17 effector functions (IL-17A). Unexpectedly, the PPARy antagonism limited HIV outgrowth from cells of ART-treated people living with HIV (PLWH), as well as HIV replication in vitro. Mechanistically, PPARy inhibition in CCR6+CD4+ T cells induced the upregulation of transcripts linked to Th17-polarisation (RORyt, STAT3, BCL6 IL-17A/F, IL-21) and HIV transcription (NCOA1-3, CDK9, HTATIP2). Interestingly, several transcripts involved in HIV-restriction were upregulated (Caveolin-1, TRIM22, TRIM5α, BST2, miR-29), whereas HIV permissiveness transcripts were downregulated (CCR5, furin), consistent with the decrease in HIV outgrowth/replication. Finally, PPARy inhibition increased intracellular HIV-p24 expression and prevented BST-2 downregulation on infected T cells, suggesting that progeny virion release is restricted by BST-2-dependent mechanisms. These results provide a strong rationale for considering PPARy antagonism as a novel strategy for HIV-reservoir purging and restoring Th17-mediated mucosal immunity in ART-treated PLWH.
Meta-Analysis to Identify the Predisposing Factors, Diagnosis, and Anti Microbial Therapy Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Humaira Zafar  , Irfan Ali Mirza  , Wajid Hussain  
Published: September 2020

The objective of current meta-analysis was to identify the predisposing factors, diagnostic, and anti microbial therapy guidelines for clostridium difficile infection. The methodology of this meta analysis involved the simple random sampling technique. Total 67 articles were selected and included for study i.e three decades (1988 uptil 2019). The results revealed significant drugs association and predisposing factors includes over use of antibiotics especially in immunosuppressed persons i.e 42.8% and 64.2% respectively. The common clinical presentations are temperature greater than 38°C (73.3%) and abdominal pain (53.3%). The lab diagnostic options includes WBCs ; ≥ 15,000 cell/µL (54.5%), albumin; ≤2.5 g/dL (54.5%), creatinine; ≥ 1.5 (54.5%), positive toxin assay (31.8%), and positive PCR including NAAT (27.2%) respectively. Next in sequence are the details for the complications i.e toxic megacolon (84.6%), hemodynamic instability (69.2%) and pseudo membarnous colitis (53.8%). In mild to moderate CDI, the drug of choice will be Metronidazole (45%). In severe cases, the drug of choice is a combination of metronidazole plus vancomycin (68%). For complicated cases the drug of choice is Fidaxomicin (31.8%). The conclusion revealed that CDI had strong association with over use of antibiotics and immunosuppression. Most common clinical presentations are the increased fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Increased WBCs, hypoalbuminemia, positive toxin assay and positive PCR are the lab diagnostic options. Metronidazole is a drug of choice for managing mild to moderate CDI. While in severe cases, the drug of choice can be a combination of metronidazole plus vancomycin.
Standardization of Protocol for In Vitro Micropropagation of Morus alba L., An Important Economical and Medicinal Plant
Authors: Vandana Dubey  , Dr. Shagufta Khan  , Dr. Kunwar Wajahat Shah  , Dr. R. K. Raghuwanshi  
Published: September 2020

An efficient regeneration protocol for Morus alba L. was developed using nodal explants on MS medium augmented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. The highest frequency (80.0%) of bud breaks and shoot induction was observed on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP along with 0.5 mg/l NAA with the formation of 5.1±0.1 number of shoots 30 days. MS medium fortified with the same combination of GR (1.0 mg/l BAP and NAA (0.5 mg/L) added with 10% Coconut water showed the highest percentage (80.0%) shoot multiplication, directly from the explants, without any callus formation. Elongated shoots were rooted best on MS medium with 20 mg/l AC producing maximum number of roots with average length 7.0±0.6 cm within 20 days. The plantlets were gradually acclimatized and successfully transferred to field condition with 90% survival rate after rooting. The standardized protocol reported in this study may help in large scale propagation of this plant species which is currently exploited from the nature.
The effect of the Presence of Children on Adult Smoking Behaviour: Empirical Evidence Based on China Family Panel Studies
Authors: LIN Haoxiang , Chang Chun , LIU Zhao , Tan huaqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite a number of studies linking family and marriage factors with health behaviour, the effects of children on the health behaviour of parents are still understudied. This study explored the association between the presence of children and adults’ smoking behaviours.

Methods: This study used panel data from the China Family Panel Studies 2010 and 2012, and the data set included 23157 households and 45513 adults. Logistic regression was performed to analyse the association of the presence of children on adults’ smoking behaviours. Subgroup regression was used to examine heterogeneous effects.

Results: Full sample regressions showed that the number of children was significantly inversely associated with smoking behaviour (OR=0.93; 95% 0.90-0.96). Further subsample regression finds that such effect is only significant among the high-education group (OR= 0.92; 95% 0.87-0.97), high-skill workers (OR= 0.89; 95% 0.80-0.99) and couples who had an age gap greater than 2 years (OR=0.91; 95% 0.88-0.95).

Conclusions: Our findings confirm the existence of the upward intergenerational effect of the presence of children on adults’smoking behaviour in China. However, such effects are not equal across all demographic characteristics. Future research could explore other parts of the upward mechanism and possible pathways for a stronger effect. In resource-poor areas, targeting cessation activities at those who have children at an early age may be an effective strategy.
Spatial and temporal patterns of Ross River virus in South East Queensland, Australia: identification of hot spots at the rural-urban interface
Authors: Murphy Amanda K. , Clennon Julie A. , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo , Jansen Cassie C. , Frentiu Francesca D. , Hafner Louise M. , Hu Wenbiao , Devine Gregor J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Ross River virus (RRV) is responsible for the most common vector-borne disease of humans reported in Australia. The virus circulates in enzootic cycles between multiple species of mosquitoes, wildlife reservoir hosts and humans. Public health concern about RRV is increasing due to rising incidence rates in Australian urban centres, along with increased circulation in Pacific Island countries. Australia experienced its largest recorded outbreak of 9,544 cases in 2015, with the majority reported from South East Queensland (SEQ). This study examined potential links between disease patterns and transmission pathways of RRV. Methods: The spatial and temporal distribution of notified RRV cases, and associated epidemiological features in SEQ, were analysed for the period 2001-2016. This included fine-scale analysis of disease patterns across the suburbs of the capital city of Brisbane, and those of 8 adjacent Local Government Areas, and host spot analyses to identify locations with significantly high incidence. Results: The mean annual incidence rate for the region was 41/100,000 with a consistent seasonal peak in cases between February and May. The highest RRV incidence was in adults aged from 30-64 years (mean incidence rate: 59/100,000), and females had higher incidence rates than males (mean incidence rates: 44/100,000 and 34/100,000, respectively). Spatial patterns of disease were heterogeneous between years, and there was a wide distribution of disease across both urban and rural areas of SEQ. Overall, the highest incidence rates were reported from predominantly rural suburbs to the north of Brisbane City, with significant hot spots located in peri-urban suburbs where residential, agricultural and conserved natural land use types intersect. Conclusions: Although RRV is endemic across all of SEQ, transmission is most concentrated in areas where urban and peri-urban environments intersect. The drivers of RRV transmission across rural-urban landscapes should be prioritised for further investigation, including identification of specific vectors and hosts that mediate human spillover.
Antinociceptive effects of magnesium sulfate for monitored anesthesia care during hysteroscopy: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Gao Peng-fei , Lin Jing-yan , Wang Shun , Zhang Yun-feng , Wang Guo-qiang , Xu Qi , Guo Xiao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Opioids are the most effective antinociceptive agents, they have undesirable side effects such as respiratory depressant and postoperative nausea and vomiting. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive efficacy of adjuvant magnesium sulphate to reduce intraoperative and postoperative opioids requirements and their related side effects during hysteroscopy.Methods: 70 patients scheduled for hysteroscopy were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients in the magnesium group (Group M) received intravenous magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg in 100 ml of isotonic saline over 15 min before anesthesia induction and then 15 mg/kg per hour by continuous intravenous infusion. Patients in the control group (Group C) received an equal volume of isotonic saline as placebo. All patients were anesthetized under a BIS guided monitored anesthesia care with propofol and fentanyl. Intraoperative hemodynamic variables were recorded and postoperative pain scores were assessed with verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) 1 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hour, and 4 hours after recovery of consciousness. The primary outcome of our study was total amount of intraoperative and postoperative analgesics administered.Results: Postoperative serum magnesium concentrations in Group C were significantly decreased than preoperative levels (0.86 ± 0.06 to 0.80 ± 0.08 mmol/L, P=0.001) while there was no statistical change in Group M (0.86 ± 0.07 to 0.89 ± 0.07 mmol/L, P=0.129). Bradycardia did not occur in either group and the incidence of hypotension was comparable between the two groups. Total dose of fentanyl given to patients in Group M was less than the one administered to Group C [100 (75-150) vs 145 (75-175) μg, median (range); P < 0.001]. There was no statistically significant difference for patients who needed rescue analgesic between the two groups [14 vs 6 subjects in Group C and Group M, RR=0.44 (0.19 to 1.01), P=0.052, NNT 4.349]. In addition, patients receiving magnesium displayed lower VNRS scores at 15 min, 30 min, 1 hour, and 4 hours postoperatively. Conclusions: In hysteroscopy, adjuvant magnesium administration is beneficial to reduce intraoperative fentanyl requirement and postoperative pain without cardiovascular side effects. Our study indicates that if surgical patients have risk factors for hypomagnesemia, assessing and correcting magnesium level will be necessary.Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn ChiCTR1900024596 date of registration: July 18th 2019.
Common sampling and modeling approaches to analyzing readmission risk that ignore clustering produce misleading results
Authors: Zhao Huaqing , Tanner Samuel , Golden Sherita H. , Fisher Susan , Rubin Daniel J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: There is little consensus on how to sample hospitalizations and analyze multiple variables to model readmission risk. The purpose of this study was to compare readmission rates and the accuracy of predictive models based on different sampling and multivariable modeling approaches. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 17 284 adult diabetes patients with 44 203 discharges from an urban academic medical center between 1/1/2004 and 12/31/2012. Models for all-cause 30-day readmission were developed by four strategies: logistic regression using the first discharge per patient (LR-first), logistic regression using all discharges (LR-all), generalized estimating equations (GEE) using all discharges, and cluster-weighted (CW) GEE using all discharges. Multiple sets of models were developed and internally validated across a range of sample sizes. Results: The readmission rate was 10.2% among first discharges and 20.3% among all discharges, revealing that sampling only first discharges underestimates a population’s readmission rate. Number of discharges was highly correlated with number of readmissions (r=0.87, P<0.001). Accounting for clustering with GEE and CWGEE yielded more conservative estimates of model performance than LR-all. LR-first produced falsely optimistic Brier scores. Model performance was unstable below samples of 6 000-8 000 discharges and stable in larger samples. GEE and CWGEE performed better in larger samples than in smaller samples. Conclusions: Hospital readmission risk models should be based on all discharges as opposed to just the first discharge per patient and utilize methods that account for clustered data.
Only children or children with siblings: who has greater physical activity and healthier weight?
Authors: Sigmund Erik , Sigmundová Dagmar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The influence of parents on the physical activity (PA) and body weight of their children is confirmed by scientific studies. However, it is not known whether only children or those with siblings have a higher level of PA and healthier body weight. One aim of this study is to assess whether there are any differences in the achievement of the daily step count (SC) recommendation and in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between only children and children from families with multiple children. Another aim is to investigate whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental overweight/obesity are associated with childhood obesity. Methods: The analysis included 566 families (10.6% with a single child, 89.4% with two or more children) with complete data of family members for weight status and ambulatory PA monitored with a Yamax pedometer during the spring and autumn in 2013-2019. The cut-point values of the daily SC recommendation amounted to ≥13,000/≥11,000 steps per day for 5-12-year-old sons/daughters and ≥10,000 steps per day for 12-16-year-old adolescents and adults. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare the achievement of the daily SC recommendation and the prevalence of overweight and obesity between only children and those with siblings. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to investigate whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental overweight/obesity were associated with obesity in their offspring. Results: A significantly higher proportion of children with siblings (p<0.01) achieved the recommended daily SC (51.8% vs. 31.7%) and showed a lower prevalence of overweight (16.2% vs. 20.0%) and obesity (7.1% vs. 20.0%) compared with only children. The achievement of the daily SC recommendation in children significantly (p<0.05) reduced the odds (OR) of obesity (OR=0.22-0.34). The children with siblings had lower odds (OR=0.41-0.54) of obesity than the only children. The overweight/obesity of mothers significantly increased (p<0.05) the odds of obesity (OR=2.07) in their children. Conclusion: Children with siblings achieve the daily SC recommendation more often at weekends and on average for the whole week and have a lower incidence of overweight and obesity than children from single-child families.
Emergency and Urgent Dental Visits among Medicaid Enrollees from 2013 to 2017
Authors: Fiehn Rebekah , Okunev Ilya , Bayham Mary , Barefoot Steven , Tranby Eric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Efforts to combat the spread of COVID-19 have led to guidance to restrict dental practice to treating emergency and urgent dental visits and reduce or eliminate elective dental procedures. Better understanding of the frequency of dental emergencies and the procedures performed during those emergency visits can help providers, insurers, and policymakers understand workforce and care provision needs.Methods: Procedures performed at an emergency dental encounter and in the encounter following that encounter are assessed. Emergency dental encounters are those with a CDT code of D0140, D0160, or D0170. Data was analyzed from the IBM Watson Medicaid Marketscan data from 2013 to 2017, a nationally representative dental and medical claims database from 13 deidentified states in the United States. Result: Consistently over time, about 10% of all dental encounters are due to a dental emergency. 28% of emergency dental encounters had no other procedure performed during those encounters. When other procedures were performed during the encounter, the majority were diagnostic in nature, primarily radiographs. Among patients who returned to the dentists following an emergency visit, 43% returned for more definitive dental treatment, most within 30 days. Conclusions: The majority of dental emergency encounters do not result in definitive treatment, rather patients often return to the dentist at a later date for that treatment. Where possible, dental providers could utilize teledental services to triage patients to appropriate care.