bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Tenapanor in Treating Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation: A 26-Week, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial (T3MPO-2)
Authors: Chey William D. , Lembo Anthony J. , Yang Yang , Rosenbaum David P. 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Tenapanor is a first-in-class, minimally absorbed, small-molecule inhibitor of the gastrointestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3. This phase 3 trial assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. for the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).

METHODS:
In this randomized double-blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02686138), patients with IBS-C received tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. or placebo b.i.d. for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who had a reduction of ≥30.0% in average weekly worst abdominal pain and an increase of ≥1 weekly complete spontaneous bowel movement from baseline, both in the same week, for ≥6 of the first 12 treatment weeks (6/12-week combined responder).

RESULTS:
Of the 620 randomized patients with IBS-C, 593 (95.6%) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis set (tenapanor: n = 293; placebo: n = 300) and 481 patients (77.6%) completed the 26-week treatment period. In the intention-to-treat analysis set (mean age: 45.4 years; 82.1% women), a significantly greater proportion of patients treated with tenapanor were 6/12-week combined responders than those treated with placebo (36.5% vs 23.7%; P < 0.001). Abdominal symptoms and global symptoms of IBS were significantly improved with tenapanor compared with placebo. Diarrhea, the most common adverse event, was typically transient and mild to moderate in severity. Diarrhea led to study drug discontinuation for 19 (6.5%) and 2 patients (0.7%) receiving tenapanor and placebo, respectively.

DISCUSSION:
Tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. improved IBS-C symptoms over 26 weeks and was generally well tolerated, offering a potential new long-term treatment option for patients with IBS-C (see Visual abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B797).
Acute Performance Enhancement Following Squats Combined With Elastic Bands on Short Sprint and Vertical Jump Height in Female Athletes
Authors: Krčmár Matúš , Krčmárová Bohumila , Bakaľár Igor , Šimonek Jaromír 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Krčmár, M, Krčmárová, B, Bakaľár, I, and Šimonek, J. Acute performance enhancement after squats combined with elastic bands on short sprint and vertical jump height in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 318–324, 2021—The main purpose of this study was to compare back squats with and without elastic bands on sprint and vertical jump height. Fourteen female athletes (21.9 ± 2.3 years; 177.5 ± 6.36 cm; 66.2 ± 6.2 kg; 1 repetition maximum [1RM]/ body mass: 1.96 ± 0.14) agreed to participate. On 4 separate days, athletes walked freely for 5 minutes (CON), performed 3 sets of 4 repetitions at 85% of their 1RM with 20% or 30% (BAND20 or BAND30) of the total resistance originated from elastic bands, or performed 3 sets and 4 repetitions at 85% of their 1RM with an isoinertial load (ISO) before performance tests. Posttesting began 5 and 10 minutes after the last set of squats and included sprints over 3, 5, and 10-m, squat jump (SJ), and countermovement (CMJ) vertical jump height. The results of this study show that all postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocols significantly improved 10-m sprint time (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). Only BAND30 significantly improved 3-m and 5-m sprint times at both times of posttesting (p < 0.01). Comparison of PAPE protocols showed a significant difference when comparing BAND30 vs. ISO in SJ height in favor of BAND30 only when the best SJ height results from both posttesting times were selected (p < 0.01, g = 1.08). The results of this study suggest that all PAPE protocols were able to enhance short sprints and vertical jump height, but it seems that there is a greater trend to achieve better performance after performing the BAND30 protocol that can be seen by higher effect sizes achieved almost in all tests compared with the other PAPE protocols.
Urine Specific Gravity Effect on Total and Segmental Body Composition Validity of Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Compared With Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Fleck Steven J. , Hayes Alexa , Stadler Garrett , Goesch Tucker , Goldammer Morgan , Braun Saori 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fleck, SJ, Hayes, A, Stadler, G, Goesch, T, Goldammer, M, and Braun, S. Urine specific gravity effect on total and segmental body composition validity of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis compared with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 373–384, 2021—The purposes were to compare body composition measures between a specific multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody770) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and determine if hydration status within a specified range affected these measures. Methods included determining urine specific gravity before testing. Urine specific gravity needed to be within typical well-hydrated (n = 37), euhydrated (n = 45), or slightly dehydrated (n = 20) ranges. Segmental and total body composition measures were determined with the InBody770 and by DXA within the same testing session. Paired sample t-tests revealed significant differences (p < 0.005) between InBody770 and DXA for all body composition variables for all 3 hydration statuses, except for trunk fat-free mass (FFM) and trunk fat mass (FM) of the well-hydrated and euhydrated groups and right leg FM and trunk FFM of the slightly dehydrated group. For the total sample (n = 102), InBody770 significantly underestimated total body FM, right arm FFM, left arm FFM, right leg FFM, and left leg FFM with the range of underestimation being between 0.16 and 2.87 kg. The total body FFM by InBody770 was overestimated by 2.33 ± 2.80 kg or 3.6%. Bland-Altman plots supported these results. The major conclusions are that differences between the InBody770 and DXA segmental and total body FFM and FM are not significantly affected by hydration status in the range investigated, and the FM and FFM determined by the 2 devices are generally significantly different.
Effects of Combined Strength and Endurance Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Serum Hormones During a 6-Month Crisis Management Operation
Authors: Pihlainen Kai , Kyröläinen Heikki , Santtila Matti , Ojanen Tommi , Raitanen Jani , Häkkinen Keijo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pihlainen, K, Kyröläinen, H, Santtila, M, Ojanen, T, Raitanen, J, and Häkkinen, K. Effects of combined strength and endurance training on body composition, physical fitness, and serum hormones during a 6-month crisis management operation. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2361–2370, 2022—Very few studies have examined the impact of training interventions on soldier readiness during an international military operation. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of combined strength and endurance training on body composition, physical performance, and hormonal status during a 6-month international military deployment consisting of typical peacekeeping tasks, e.g., patrolling, observation, and on-base duties. Soldiers (n = 78) were randomly allocated to a control group (C) or one of 3 combined whole-body strength and endurance training groups with varying strength-to-endurance training emphasis (Es = 25/75%, SE = 50/50% or Se = 75/25% of strength/endurance training). Body composition, physical performance (3000-m run, standing long jump [SLJ], isometric maximal voluntary contraction of the lower [MVC lower] and upper extremities [MVC upper ], muscle endurance tests), and selected serum hormone concentrations were determined prior to training (PRE), and after 9 (MID) and 19 (POST) weeks of training. Within- and between-group changes were analyzed using linear regression models. The average combined strength and endurance training frequency of the total subject group was 3 ± 2 training sessions per week. No changes were observed in physical performance variables in the intervention groups, whereas SLJ decreased by 1.9% in C (p < 0.05). Maximal voluntary contraction lower increased by 12.8% in the combined intervention group (p < 0.05), and this was significantly different to C (p < 0.05). Testosterone-to-cortisol ratio increased in SE and Se (p < 0.05), whereas no change was observed in C. The intervention groups maintained or improved their physical performance during deployment, which is beneficial for operational readiness. However, the high interindividual variation observed in training adaptations highlights the importance of training individualization during prolonged military operations.
Urinary N-Terminal Fragment of Titin Reflects Muscle Damage After a Soccer Match in Male Collegiate Soccer Players
Authors: Tanabe Yoko , Shimizu Kazuhiro , Kondo Emi , Yasumatsu Mikinobu , Nakamura Daisuke , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Takahashi Hideyuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tanabe, Y, Shimizu, K, Kondo, E, Yasumatsu, M, Nakamura, D, Sagayama, H, and Takahashi, H. Urinary N-terminal fragment of titin reflects muscle damage after a soccer match in male collegiate soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 360–365, 2021—Previous studies have demonstrated that noninvasive urinary N-terminal fragment of titin (U-titin) concentration highly correlates with serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, a classic invasive muscle damage marker. This finding indicates that U-titin could be used to estimate muscle damage. However, these results were achieved using a laboratory-based eccentric exercise model. Therefore, it remains unclear whether U-titin is useful for evaluating muscle damage occurring in field sports events. As a result, we evaluated whether U-titin concentration closely relates to serum CK activity after a soccer match. Seventeen collegiate soccer players (age: 20 ± 1 year; height: 172 ± 6 cm; body mass: 65 ± 5 kg; Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2, 1,135 ± 196 m) completed a test match (2 halves of 45 minutes separated by 15 minutes of normal half-time). U-titin concentration, serum CK activity, countermovement jump performance, and muscle soreness were assessed 2 hours before the match and 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the match. U-titin concentrations and CK activity similarly increased at 24 hours and returned to the baseline value at 48 hours after the match. Moreover, the percentage of changes in U-titin concentration from baseline after the match significantly and positively correlated with serum CK activity (r = 0.82, p < 0.05). These results suggest that the noninvasive marker U-titin can be used to assess muscle damage conditions in field sports events, such as soccer matches.
Exercise Recovery Practices of Wheelchair Court Sports Athletes
Authors: Murphy Conor J. , Mason Barry S. , Goosey-Tolfrey Vicky L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Murphy, CJ, Mason, BS, and Goosey-Tolfrey, VL. Exercise recovery practices of wheelchair court sports athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 366–372, 2021—Research that describes the recovery practices of Para-athletes around training and competition is limited. This study investigated if and why athletes in wheelchair court sports (basketball, rugby, and tennis) use recovery strategies, what type of strategies are used, and whether the period of the season influences the prevalence of use. A cross-sectional questionnaire was developed to acquire data pertaining to individual characteristics, recovery habits, reasons for use/nonuse, the use of specific recovery strategies, and lifestyle habits. One hundred forty-four athletes (92 = international and 52 = national/club) completed the questionnaire online. In total, 85% (n = 122) of athletes reported using at least one type of recovery strategy, yet most specific types of recovery strategies were not popular (<34% of recovery strategy users). The most commonly used type of recovery strategy was stretching (n = 117), whereas both stretching and heat-related recovery were the most highly rated types of recovery strategies (μ = 4.2/5). The 3 most prevalent reasons for use across all strategies were “reduces muscle soreness,” “reduces muscle tightness,” and “reduces muscle spasms.” The prevalence of sleep complaints was apparent with 38% (n = 55) of respondents reporting difficulties sleeping. This study highlights that although the frequent use of well-known recovery practices is positive, the lack of diversity in strategies implemented may have implications due to the specific requirements of exercise recovery. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals should educate wheelchair athletes further around this area and increase the range of recovery-specific and impairment-specific strategies used.
Mountain Bike Racing Stimulates Osteogenic Bone Signaling and Ingesting Carbohydrate-Protein Compared With Carbohydrate-Only Prevents Acute Recovery Bone Resorption Dominance
Authors: Oosthuyse Tanja , Bosch Andrew N. , Kariem Neezaam , Millen Aletta M.E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Oosthuyse, T, Bosch, AN, Kariem, N, and Millen, AME. Mountain bike racing stimulates osteogenic bone signaling and ingesting carbohydrate-protein compared with carbohydrate-only prevents acute recovery bone resorption dominance. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 292–299, 2021—Mountain biking, unlike road cycling, includes vibrational accelerations but whether it stimulates osteogenic signaling remains unknown. Furthermore, exercise nutrition influences bone turnover, and the effect of ingesting protein during multiday racing was investigated. We measured plasma bone turnover markers, C-terminal telopeptide of type1-collagen (β-CTX) and N-terminal propeptides of type1-procollagen (P1NP), and osteocyte mechanosensory signaling factor, sclerostin (SOST), corrected for plasma volume change, before (pre-day 1) and 20–60 minutes after (post-day 3) a multiday mountain bike race in 18 male cyclists randomly assigned to ingest carbohydrate-only (CHO-only) or carbohydrate-with-casein protein hydrolysate (CHO-PRO) during racing. Fourteen cyclists (n = 7 per group) completed the race, and data were analyzed with p < 0.05 accepted as significant. Plasma SOST decreased similarly in both groups (mean ± SD, CHO-only: 877 ± 451 to 628 ± 473 pg·ml−1, p = 0.004; CHO-PRO: 888 ± 411 to 650 ± 443 pg·ml−1, p = 0.003), suggesting that osteocytes sense mountain biking as mechanical loading. However, the bone formation marker, P1NP, remained unchanged in both groups, whereas the bone resorption marker, β-CTX, increased in CHO-only (0.19 ± 0.034 to 0.31 ± 0.074 ng·ml−1, p = 0.0036) but remained unchanged in CHO-PRO (0.25 ± 0.079 to 0.26 ± 0.074 ng·ml−1, p = 0.95). Mountain bike racing does stimulate osteogenic bone signaling but bone formation is not increased acutely after multiday mountain biking; investigation for a delayed effect is warranted. The acute recovery increase in bone resorption with CHO-only is prevented by ingesting CHO-PRO during racing.
Circulating MicroRNA Profiling Reveals Specific Subsignatures in Response to a Maximal Incremental Exercise Test
Authors: Fernández-Sanjurjo Manuel , Díaz-Martínez Ángel E. , Díez-Robles Sergio , González-González Felipe , de Gonzalo-Calvo David , Rabadán Manuel , Dávalos Alberto , Fernández-García Benjamín , Iglesias-Gutiérrez Eduardo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fernández-Sanjurjo, M, Díaz-Martínez, ÁE, Díez-Robles, S, González-González, F, de Gonzalo-Calvo, D, Rabadán, M, Dávalos, A, Fernández-García, B, and Iglesias-Gutiérrez, E. Circulating microRNA profiling reveals specific subsignatures in response to a maximal incremental exercise test. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 287–291, 2021—Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) have been described as emergent regulators and biomarkers of exercise. The aim of this study was to analyze the c-miRNA response to a maximal incremental exercise test (MIET) and its relationship with markers of exercise response and adaptation. Two blood samples were collected from 9 male amateur runners (31–50 years), before (Pre) and after (Post) a MIET. The maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) were recorded. Lactate and creatine kinase (CK) plasma concentrations were measured. A panel of 752 miRNAs was analyzed using standardized protocols and relative quantification to Pre. A total of 13 miRNAs were found significantly upregulated at Post. By focusing on the exercise markers that correlate with the expression of these miRNAs, they were clustered into different functional groups or subsignatures. Thus, miR-21-5p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-183-5p showed a strong correlation with HRmax and a validated target signature related to fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, let-7c-5p, miR-340-5p, miR-425-3p, and miR-629-5p were significantly correlated with CK, and the most significantly enriched pathways for these subsignatures were the Hippo signaling pathway and signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells. Finally, Pre miR-106b-5p expression showed an inverse association with MAS and Post lactate concentration, which highlights its relevance as biomarker of training status and its predictive value for performance. No significant correlations were observed with V̇o
2max. Our results define for the first time specific functional c-miRNA subsignatures, adding novel evidence about their potential regulatory role in exercise response.
Acute Effects of Warming Up on Achilles Tendon Blood Flow and Stiffness
Authors: Pieters Dries , Wezenbeek Evi , De Ridder Roel , Witvrouw Erik , Willems Tine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pieters, D, Wezenbeek, E, De Ridder, R, Witvrouw, E, and Willems, T. Acute effects of warming up on Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2717–2724, 2022—The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of frequently used warm-up exercises on the Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness. In doing so, we want to explore which exercises are suitable to properly prepare the athlete's Achilles tendon in withstanding high amounts of loading during sport activities. This knowledge could help sport physicians and physiotherapists when recommending warm-up exercises that are able to improve sport performance while reducing the injury susceptibility. Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness measurements of 40 healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women) aged between 18 and 25 years were obtained before and immediately after 4 different warm-up exercises: running, plyometrics, eccentric heel drops, and static stretching. The effect of these warm-up exercises and possible covariates (sex, age, body mass index, rate of perceived exertion, and sports participation) on the Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness was investigated with linear mixed models. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. The results of this study showed a significant increase in Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness after 10 minutes of running (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and plyometrics (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039). Static stretching and eccentric exercises elicited no significant changes. From these results, it could be suggested that warm-up exercises should be intensive enough to properly prepare the Achilles tendon for subsequent sport activities. When looking at Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness, we advise the incorporation of highly intensive exercises such as running and plyometrics within warm-up programs.
Does Acupuncture Enhance Muscle Strength and Performance?
Authors: Micalos Peter S. , Pak Sok Cheon , Jesulola Emmanuel , Cannon Jack , Hale Mathew , Koo Byung-Soo 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Acupuncture has gained attention in sports research for enhancing performance and recovery. Although there is substantial recognition for the therapeutic application of acupuncture in a variety of medical conditions, there are limited controlled research trials for acupuncture as a procedure to benefit muscle performance and recovery. Most of the research investigating the mechanism for acupuncture has focused on pain relief. However, there are several physiological effects associated with acupuncture needling, including the therapeutic potential of placebo. Although acupuncture has been shown to have few adverse effects, there is evidence showing a capacity to adversely influence muscle performance.
Methodology to Characterize the Seismic Compression of Unsaturated Sands under Different Drainage Conditions
Authors: Rong Wenyong , McCartney John Scott 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on a new experimental setup and methodology to characterize the volumetric contraction of unsaturated sands during cyclic shearing under different drainage conditions. A new cyclic simple shear device was developed with suction-saturation control using a hanging column suitable for testing unsaturated granular soils with a maximum suction of 11 kPa. The pore water and pore air pressures are monitored during cyclic shearing using an embedded tensiometer and a gauge pressure transducer protected by a hydrophobic filter, respectively. In addition to describing the specimen preparation techniques and testing methodology, typical results for the seismic compression of nearly saturated, dry, and unsaturated sand specimens during cyclic shearing under different drainage conditions are compared. The differences in the response of these sand specimens were interpreted using the changes in mean effective stress and secant shear modulus during cyclic shearing. In drained conditions, the unsaturated sand specimen showed lower seismic compressions than the dry sand specimen and the nearly saturated sand specimen. In undrained conditions, a greater contraction was observed for the unsaturated conditions due to decreases in mean effective stress and secant shear modulus. The decrease in effective stress occurred due to a decrease in matric suction associated with different rates of increase in pore water and air pressure and an increase in degree of saturation with volumetric contraction.