bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘If he sees it with his own eyes, he will understand’: how gender informed the content and delivery of a maternal nutrition intervention in Burkina Faso
Authors: Isler Jasmin , Sawadogo N Hélène , Harling Guy , Bärnighausen Till , Adam Maya , Sié Ali , McMahon Shannon A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A growing body of literature urges policymakers, practitioners and scientists to consider gender in the design and evaluation of health interventions. We report findings from formative research to develop and refine an mHealth maternal nutrition intervention in Nouna, Burkina Faso, one of the world’s most resource-poor settings. Gender was not an initial research focus, but emerged as highly salient during data collection, and thus guided lines of inquiry as the study progressed. We collected data in two stages, first using focus group discussions (FGD; n = 8) and later using FGDs (n = 2), interviews (n = 30) and observations of intervention delivery (n = 30). Respondents included pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and Close-to-Community (CTC) providers, who execute preventative and curative tasks at the community level. We applied Morgan et al.’s gender framework to examine intervention content (what a gender-sensitive nutrition programme should entail) and delivery (how a gender-sensitive programme should be administered). Mothers emphasized that although they are often the focus of nutrition interventions, they are not empowered to make nutrition-based decisions that incur costs. They do, however, wield some control over nutrition-related tasks such as farming and cooking. Mothers described how difficult it is to consider only one’s own children during meal preparation (which is communal), and all respondents described how nutrition-related requests can spark marital strife. Many respondents agreed that involving men in nutrition interventions is vital, despite men’s perceived disinterest. CTC providers and others described how social norms and gender roles underpin perceptions of CTC providers and dictate with whom they can speak within homes. Mothers often prefer female CTC providers, but these health workers require spousal permission to work and need to balance professional and domestic demands. We recommend involving male partners in maternal nutrition interventions and engaging and supporting a broader cadre of female CTC providers in Burkina Faso.
Symptomatic primary cardiac haemangioendothelioma during late pregnancy
Authors: Bislimovski Darko , Nikolic Aleksandar , Mustafa Elvis , Milojevic Milan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Primary cardiac haemangioendothelioma is an uncommon vascular neoplasm with an infiltrative growth pattern and malignant potential. The treatment of this tumour alone is challenging, but the symptomatic presentation during late pregnancy creates a complex clinical situation for both the mother and physician. To the best of our knowledge, &lt;40 cases of primary cardiac haemangioendothelioma have been reported worldwide, but none of these were associated with pregnancy. We report a case of symptomatic primary haemangioendothelioma in the right atrium of a pregnant woman in the 36th week of gestation. A primary caesarean section, followed by complete resection of the cardiac tumour, was carried out without any complications. The mother and child were discharged home 5 days after the surgical procedure and birth, respectively. At the 2-month follow-up, positron emission tomography showed signs of hypermetabolic activity in the right atrium, without signs of tumour recurrence on the subsequent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, thus a close clinical follow-up was recommended.
Structural diversity of disc galaxies originating in the cold gas inflow from cosmic webs
Authors: Noguchi Masafumi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Disc galaxies show a large morphological diversity with varying contribution of three major structural components: thin discs, thick discs, and central bulges. Dominance of bulges increases with the galaxy mass (Hubble sequence), whereas thick discs are more prominent in lower mass galaxies. Because galaxies grow with the accretion of matter, this observed variety should reflect diversity in accretion history. On the basis of the prediction by the cold-flow theory for galactic gas accretion and inspired by the results of previous studies, we put a hypothesis that associates different accretion modes with different components. Namely, thin discs form as the shock-heated hot gas in high-mass haloes gradually accretes to the central part, thick discs grow by the direct accretion of cold gas from cosmic webs when the halo mass is low, and finally bulges form by the inflow of cold gas through the shock-heated gas in high-redshift massive haloes. We show that this simple hypothesis reproduces the mean observed variation of galaxy morphology with the galaxy mass. This scenario also predicts that thick discs are older and poorer in metals than thin discs, in agreement with the currently available observations.
Ownership, agency, and trusteeship: an assessment
Authors: Mayer Colin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article argues that the two dominant concepts of theory of the firm and the bases of modern management education, business practice, and public policy towards the firm, namely shareholder primacy and agency theory, are at best incomplete and at worst erroneous. They omit what was a substantial basis of discourse on the company in the first half of the nineteenth century, namely the notion of trusteeship. The article argues that reintroducing trusteeship addresses many of the current debates around capitalism, explains the bewildering patterns of ownership observed around the world, accounts for the recent failures of capitalism, and is a potential source of enhancing firm performance in the future.
‘Killing Mie Softly’: Analytic Integrals for Complex Resonant States
Authors: Mcphedran R C , Stout B 
Published: February 2020

Summary
We consider integrals of products of Bessel functions and of spherical Bessel functions, combined with a Gaussian factor guaranteeing convergence at infinity. These integrals arise in wave and quantum mechanical scattering problems of open systems containing cylindrical or spherical scatterers, particularly when those problems are considered in the framework of complex resonant modes. Explicit representations are obtained for the integrals, building on those in the 1992 paper by McPhedran, Dawes and Scott. Attention is paid to those sums with a distributive part arising as the Gaussian tends towards the unit function. In this limit, orthogonality and normalisability of complex modes are investigated.
Simulated Comparison of a Bayesian Clinical Decision Support System Versus Standard of Care For Achieving Gentamicin Pharmacokinetic Targets in Neonates
Authors: Yu Collin Z. , Myers Scott R. , Faldasz Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Gentamicin therapy in neonates is optimized through achieving specific peak and trough concentrations. The objective of this study was to compare the ability a Bayesian clinical decision support system (CDSS) with standard of care (SOC) in determining personalized gentamicin therapies for neonates, at regimen initiation and in response to measured drug concentrations.

Methods:
This retrospective review and simulation compared target attainment among 4 arms: historical dosing according to SOC, via nomogram for initial dosing (SOC-initial) and via clinician judgment in response to measured concentrations (SOC-adjusted), and simulated dosing using the CDSS, incorporating a neonatal pharmacokinetic model for initial dosing (CDSS-initial) and incorporating maximum a posteriori-Bayesian analysis in response to measured concentrations (CDSS-adjusted). “True” patient pharmacokinetic parameters and peak and trough concentration predictions were calculated via the CDSS using the entirety of the patient dosing and concentration history. The primary outcome was pharmacokinetic target attainment of desired gentamicin peak and trough concentrations.

Results:
The study included 564 gentamicin concentrations among 339 patients. Mean demographics were 35 weeks gestational age (52% premature births) and 2.44 kg dosing weight. Mean PK parameters were 0.0533 L/h/kg clearance, 0.458 L/kg volume of distribution, and 8.66 hours half-life. Peak concentrations in the desired range were achieved in 96% of significantly more often in the CDSS-initial regimens and 94% of CDSS-adjusted regimens versus 86% of SOC-initial regimens and 66% of SOC-adjusted regimens. No difference was found in trough target attainment among study groups.

Conclusions:
In simulation, a Bayesian CDSS showed superiority to SOC in achieving gentamicin pharmacokinetic exposure targets in neonates. Use of a CDSS may improve the safety and efficacy of gentamicin therapy for neonates.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Healthy Lifestyle Psychoeducation for Smoking Reduction in Acute Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Chan Hung-Yu , Chen Jiahn-Jyh , Pan Yi-Ju , Hsu Chun-Chi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapies in acute psychiatric inpatient settings remains under-researched. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness and acceptability of 3 different forms of nicotine replacement therapy in achieving smoking reduction among acute psychiatric inpatients.

Methods
This cluster-randomized, parallel study compared effectiveness and acceptability of nicotine inhalers, nicotine gum, and nicotine patches for smoking reduction in the acute psychiatric inpatient setting. The primary outcome was the exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO) level change from baseline at weeks 4 and 8. Secondary outcomes included changes in nicotine withdrawal symptoms and psychiatric symptom severity.

Results
Three hundred ten inpatients on the acute care wards were randomly assigned to nicotine inhalers (n = 184), gum (n = 71), and patches (n = 55). Only the nicotine inhaler group showed statistically significant reduction in CO level from baseline at both weeks 4 and 8 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.032, respectively). The nicotine inhaler and the patch group showed significant decrease in nicotine withdrawal symptoms from baseline at both weeks 4 and 8. Meanwhile, the nicotine inhaler and the gum group showed significant decrease in psychiatric symptom severity from baseline at both weeks 4 and 8. Post hoc comparisons revealed that the inhaler group had a greater decrease in psychiatric symptom severity compared with the patch group.

Conclusions
Nicotine inhalers may be an effective choice for smoking reduction in acute psychiatric inpatient settings given its significant effects on CO level, withdrawal symptoms, and psychiatric symptom severity, particularly during the first 4 weeks of treatment.
Semantic and Prosodic Threat Processing in Trait Anxiety
Authors: Busch-Moreno Simon , Tuomainen Jyrki , Vinson David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study attempts to identify how trait anxiety, measured as worry-level, affects the processing of threatening speech. Two experiments using dichotic listening tasks were implemented; where participants had to identify sentences that convey threat through three different information channels: prosody-only, semantic-only and both semantic and prosody (congruent threat). We expected different ear advantages (left or right) depending on task demands, information type, and worry level. We used a full Bayesian approach for statistical modelling and analysis. Results indicate that when participants made delayed responses (Experiment 1), reaction times barely increased as a function of worry level, but under time pressure (Experiment 2) worry level induced clear decreases in reaction times. We explain these results in terms of multistep models of anxiety and language, concluding that present results mainly indicate effects threat aversion-related over-attention to threat, and that we do not provide enough evidence for supporting the integration of anxiety and language multiphasic models.
An overcomplete approach to fitting drift-diffusion decision models to trial-by-trial data
Authors: Feltgen Q. , Daunizeau J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDrift-diffusion models or DDMs are becoming a standard in the field of computational neuroscience. They extend models from signal detection theory by proposing a simple mechanistic explanation for the observed relationship between decision outcomes and reaction times (RT). In brief, they assume that decisions are triggered once the accumulated evidence in favor of a particular alternative option has reached a predefined threshold. Fitting a DDM to empirical data then allows one to interpret observed group or condition differences in terms of a change in the underlying model parameters. However, current approaches only yield reliable parameter estimates in specific situations (c.f. fixed drift rates vs drift rates varying over trials). In addition, they become computationally unfeasible when more general DDM variants are considered (e.g., with collapsing bounds). In this note, we propose a fast and efficient approach to parameter estimation that relies on fitting a “self-consistency” equation that RT fulfill under the DDM. This effectively bypasses the computational bottleneck of standard DDM parameter estimation approaches, at the cost of estimating the trial-specific neural noise variables that perturb the underlying evidence accumulation process. For the purpose of behavioral data analysis, these act as nuisance variables and render the model “overcomplete”, which is finessed using a variational Bayesian system identification scheme. But for the purpose of neural data analysis, estimates of neural noise perturbation terms are a desirable (and unique) feature of the approach. Using numerical simulations, we show that this “overcomplete” approach matches the performance of current parameter estimation approaches for simple DDM variants, and outperforms them for more complex DDM variants. Finally, we demonstrate the added-value of the approach, when applied to a recent value-based decision making experiment.
Effect of 10 UV filters on the brine shrimpArtemia salinaand the marine microalgaeTetraselmissp
Authors: Thorel Evane , Clergeaud Fanny , Jaugeon Lucie , Rodrigues Alice M. S. , Lucas Julie , Stien Didier , Lebaron Philippe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products’ (PPCPs) residues in the aquatic environment is an emerging issue due to their uncontrolled release, through grey water, and accumulation in the environment that may affect living organisms, ecosystems and public health. The aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of benzophenone-3 (BP-3), bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (BEMT), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT), 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), diethylhexyl butamido triazone (DBT), ethylhexyl triazone (ET), homosalate (HS), and octocrylene (OC) to marine organisms from two major trophic levels including autotrophs (Tetraselmis sp.) and heterotrophs (Artemia salina). In general, EC50results show that both HS and OC are the most toxic for our tested species, followed by a significant effect of BM onArtemia salinabut only at high concentrations (1 mg/L) and then an effect of ES, BP3 and DHHB on the metabolic activity of the microalgae at 100 μg/L. BEMT, DBT, ET, MBBT had no effect on the tested organisms, even at high concentrations (2mg/L). OC toxicity represent a risk for those species since it is observed at concentrations only 15 to 90 times higher than the highest concentrations reported in the natural environment and HS toxicity is for the first time reported on microalgae and was very important onTetraselmis sp.at concentrations close to the natural environment concentrations.
A plant pathogen utilizes effector proteins for microbiome manipulation
Authors: Snelders Nick C. , Rovenich Hanna , Petti Gabriella C. , Rocafort Mercedes , Vorholt Julia A. , Mesters Jeroen R. , Seidl Michael F. , Nijland Reindert , Thomma Bart P.H.J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring colonization of their hosts, pathogens secrete effector proteins to promote disease development through various mechanisms. Increasing evidence shows that the host microbiome plays a crucial role in health, and that hosts actively shape their microbiomes to suppress disease. We hypothesized that pathogens evolved to manipulate host microbiomes to their advantage in turn. Here, we show that the fungal plant pathogenVerticillium dahliaeutilizes effector proteins for niche colonization through selective manipulation of host microbiomes by suppressing microbes with antagonistic activities. Moreover, we show that effector proteins are similarly exploited for microbiome manipulation in the soil environment, where the fungus resides in absence of a host. In conclusion, we demonstrate that pathogens utilize effector proteins to modulate microbiome compositions and propose that their effector catalogs represent an untapped resource for novel antibiotics.
A unified model of species abundance, genetic diversity, and functional diversity reveals the mechanisms structuring ecological communities
Authors: Overcast Isaac , Ruffley Megan , Rosindell James , Harmon Luke , Borges Paulo A. V. , Emerson Brent C. , Etienne Rampal S. , Gillespie Rosemary , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Mahler D. Luke , Massol Francois , Parent Christine E. , Patiño Jairo , Peter Ben , Week Bob , Wagner Catherine , Hickerson Michael J. , Rominger Andrew 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiodiversity accumulates hierarchically by means of ecological and evolutionary processes and feedbacks. Reconciling the relative importance of these processes is hindered by current theory, which tends to focus on a single spatial, temporal or taxonomic scale. We introduce a mechanistic model of community assembly, rooted in classic island biogeography theory, which makes temporally explicit joint predictions across three biodiversity data axes: i) species richness and abundances; ii) population genetic diversities; and iii) trait variation in a phylogenetic context. We demonstrate that each data axis captures information at different timescales, and that integrating these axes enables discriminating among previously unidentifiable community assembly models. We combine our massive eco-evolutionary synthesis simulations (MESS) with supervised machine learning to fit the parameters of the model to real data and infer processes underlying how biodiversity accumulates, using communities of tropical trees, arthropods, and gastropods as case studies that span a range of spatial scales.
Further Perceptions of Probability: In Defence of Associative Models – A Commentary on Gallistel et al. 2014
Authors: Forsgren Mattias , Juslin Peter , van den Berg Ronald 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTExtensive research in the behavioural sciences has addressed people’s ability to learn stationary probabilities, which stay constant over time, but only recently have there been attempts to model the cognitive processes whereby people learn – and track –non-stationaryprobabilities. In this context, the old debate on whether learning occurs by gradual formation of associations or by occasional shifts between hypotheses representing beliefs about distal states of the world has resurfaced. Gallistel et al. (2014) pitched the two theories against each other in a non-stationary probability learning task. They concluded that various qualitative patterns in their data were incompatible with trial-by-trial associative learning and could only be explained by a hypothesis-testing model. Here, we contest that claim and demonstrate that it was premature. First, we argue that their experimental paradigm consisted of two distinct tasks: probability tracking (an estimation task) and change detection (a decision-making task). Next, we present a model that uses the (associative) delta learning rule for the probability tracking task and bounded evidence accumulation for the change-detection task. We find that this combination of two highly established theories accounts well for all qualitative phenomena and outperforms the alternative model proposed by Gallistel et al. in a quantitative model comparison. In the spirit of cumulative science, we conclude that current experimental data on human learning of non-stationary probabilities can be explained as acombinationof associative learning and bounded evidence accumulation and does not require a new model.
Nucleotide Analogues as Inhibitors of Viral Polymerases
Authors: Ju Jingyue , Kumar Shiv , Li Xiaoxu , Jockusch Steffen , Russo James J. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryCoronaviruses such as the newly discovered virus from Wuhan, China, 2019-nCoV, and the viruses that cause SARS and MERS, have resulted in regional and global public health emergencies. Based on our molecular insight that the hepatitis C virus and the coronavirus use a similar viral genome replication mechanism, we reasoned that the FDA-approved drug EPCLUSA (Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir) for the treatment of hepatitis C will also inhibit the above coronaviruses, including 2019-nCoV. To develop broad spectrum anti-viral agents, we further describe a novel strategy to design and synthesize viral polymerase inhibitors, by combining the ProTide Prodrug approach used in the development of Sofosbuvir with the use of 3’-blocking groups that we have previously built into nucleotide analogues that function as polymerase terminators.
Mechanistic Modeling of Biochemical Systems Without A Priori Parameter Values Using the Design Space Toolbox v.3.0
Authors: Valderrama-Gómez Miguel Á. , Lomnitz Jason G. , Fasani Rick A. , Savageau Michael A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryMechanistic models of biochemical systems provide a rigorous kinetics-based description of various biological phenomena. They are indispensable to elucidate biological design principles and to devise and engineer systems with novel functionalities. To date, mathematical analysis and characterization of these models remain a challenging endeavor, the main difficulty being the lack of information for most system parameters. Here, we introduce the Design Space Toolbox v.3.0 (DST3), a software implementation of the Design Space formalism that enables mechanistic modeling of complex biological processes without requiring previous knowledge of the parameter values involved. This is achieved by making use of a phenotype-centric modeling approach, in which the system is first decomposed into a series of biochemical phenotypes. Parameter values realizing phenotypes of interest are predicted in a second step. DST3 represents the most generally applicable implementation of the Design Space formalism to date and offers unique advantages over earlier versions. By expanding the capabilities of the Design Space formalism and streamlining its distribution, DST3 represents a valuable tool for elucidating biological design principles and guiding the design and optimization of novel synthetic circuits.
Retinotopic remapping of the visual system in deaf adults
Authors: Levine Alexandra T. , Yuen Kate , Gouws André , Wade Alex R. , Morland Antony B. , Codina Charlotte , Buckley David , Baseler Heidi A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeaf individuals rely on visual rather than auditory cues to detect events in the periphery, putting a greater demand on neural resources for vision. Comparing visual maps in the brains of early deaf and hearing adults, we found a redistribution of neural resources in the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex, with larger representations of the periphery, at a cost of smaller representations of the central visual field.