bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Liposomes in Cancer Therapy: An Assessment of the Advancement of Technology Through Patent Documents
Authors: Nunes Danielle D.G. , Leal Ingrid L. , Oliveira Fabricia O. , da Silva Tatiara L.R. , de Senna Valter , Machado Bruna S. S. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Cancer is caused by mutations in oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor
activity. Despite the efforts of the pharmaceutical industry to fight cancer, it is necessary to investigate
new methods to enhance the action against this disease. In this scenario, liposome technology
has emerged as a drug delivery system for cancer treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate
the use of liposome technology in the treatment of cancer through analysis of patent documents.

Methods:
We analyzed prospective documents in the Derwent Innovation Index database.

Results:
A total of 203 patent documents were related to the area of interest, published between 2000
and 2020, and the USA and Japan were shown as countries with the largest number of publications.
Moreover, most of these publications came from companies, however, also with the representation of
important universities, mainly the University of California. According to the International Patent
Classification, the codes most applicable to the documents were in the areas of human necessities and
chemistry.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that the study and application of liposomes for the
development of cancer treatment tended to grow, along with the number of related patents.
Two-Dimensional Transitional Metal Disulfides as Charge Transport Layers
in Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Huanhuan , Niu Bingqiang , Wang Yijin , Zhong Peng , Ma Xiaohua , Javed Hafiz Muhammad Asif 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
In the past decade, organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received great attentions due to their
high efficiencies and low costs. However, the commercialization of PSCs is stilled hindered by several issues such as
device performance (especially for large-area cells) and stability. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal
disulfides (TMDs) show great potentials in solving aforementioned problems due to their unique morphological structure
and electrical properties. Herein, we summarize the advancements in the recent applications of various TMDs materials as
charge transport layers in PSCs. Although some progresses have been made, there are considerable issues to be tackled in
this field. The challenges and development directions of these 2D TMDs materials for PSCs are also clarified. Lastly, the
most recent advancements about TMDs materials in some other electronic (or optoelectronic) fields are also summarized
and discussed.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Motives and Barriers Towards Scientific Research among Dentists and Dental Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdulrahman Somaya , Aboalshamat Khalid , Muthana Malak , Sait Ghaida , Bantan Nuran , Hafiz Shuruq , Mahrous Renad , Alsuhaqi Aishah 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Research is crucial for the scientific progress of the health of individuals, communities, and systems. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, motives and barriers among dentists and dental students in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

Objective:
This study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, motives and barriers toward scientific research among dentists and dental students in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 467 dentists and dental students using a convenience sampling method from seven dental colleges, major governmental and private dental clinics in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. We used a validated self-report questionnaire to collect data and assess the knowledge of, attitude towards and barriers to scientific research.

Results:
The participants (who are dentists and dental students) have a total knowledge score of m=4.57, SD=2.46, which is slightly lower than the midpoint. Participants who work in governmental clinic were significantly (F (2,464) =13.71, p<0.001) more knowledgeable than those who worked in private clinic and the students. Most participants had positive general and personal attitudes toward scientific research. Of the participants, 40.5% to 60.4% were involved in research activities, and 37.3% have submitted or published scientific articles. The most common motive for scientific research was receiving credit for post-graduate application (58.46%). The most common organizational barrier to conduct a research was the difficulty of finding research supervisor (39.19%) and lack of time due to work overload (32.55%). While most common personal barriers were lack of knowledge/skills (38.76%), lack of personal time (36.83%) and receiving credit for postgraduate application.

Conclusion:
Saudi dentists and dental students had a moderate level of knowledge and practice in research, but their attitude was highly positive. More efforts are needed to facilitate scientific dental research including supervisors’ availability and time allocation for research. The study has some limitations including using convenience sample from one region and self-report questionnaire that decreases the external validity of the study and increases the potential for self-reported biases.
Evaluating the Failure of Resin-based Materials on the Proximal Cervical Dentin
Authors: Kochotwuttinont Sukamon , Wayakanon Kornchanok 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Resin-based materials are the popular restorative material in dentistry. The majority of these materials are light cured with a major disadvantage: marginal leakage.

Objective:
To evaluate the gap width of different resin-based materials at the cervical dentin when achieved mechanical force.

Methods:
Class II cavities were prepared on extracted premolar teeth with the gingival margin 1 mm below the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ). In the first three experimental groups, three different lining materials (flowable resin composite, bulk-fill flowable resin composite, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement) were placed at the cervical dentin with a thickness of 1 mm. The rest of the cavities were restored with conventional resin composite. The other two groups were restored with conventional resin composite (control) or high viscosity bulk-fill resin composite, respectively. All groups were thermocycled and underwent vacuum pressure 2.6 KPa for 30 min in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Results:
There was no gap formation at the cervical dentin on the external surface when restored with high-viscosity bulk fill resin composite. Almost all gaps occurred at the interface between restorative materials and the hybrid layer. The flowable bulk fill resin composite showed a significantly smaller gap width on both the external and internal surfaces compared to the other groups (p< 0.05). The resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed the largest gaps in the cervical dentin (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The different types of resin-based materials demonstrated a different failure of gap width under mechanical force. It clearly occurred at the restorative material-hybrid layer interface.
Identification of Protease Inhibition Mechanism by Iturin A against Agriculture Cutworm (Spodoptera litura) by Homology Modeling and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Papathoti Narendra Kumar , Kiddeejing Dusadee , Daddam Jayasimha Rayulu , Le Thanh Toan , Buensanteai Natthiya 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as cutworm, belongs to the Noctuidae tribe, which is a severe scourge for numerous crop systems and is considered one of Asian tropical agriculture's most important insects. The world's leading environmental threats are plant pests, and the already commercialized pesticides are extremely poisonous and non-biodegradable and maybe additional residues harmful to the ecosystem. The increased resistance in pests often demands the need for advanced, active pesticides that are environmentally friendly and biodegradable.

Methods: In the current work, the significance of proteases for the Spodoptera litura digestive system has been determined by the use of microbial metabolite protease inhibitor (Iturin A) in silico models. In the present study, we developed a model based on sequence structural alignment of known crystal structure 2D1I protease from Homo sapiens. The model's reliability evaluation was performed using programs such as PROCHECK, WHAT IF, PROSA, Validate 3D, ERRAT, etc.

Results:
In an attempt to find new inhibitors for Protease docking, the study was carried out with Iturin A. PMDB ID for the produced protease model was submitted to identify new inhibitors for Protease docking, and its accession number is PM0082285. The detailed study of enzyme-inhibitor interactions identified similar core residues; GLU215, LEU216, LYS217, and GLU237 have demonstrated their role in the binding efficacy of ligands.

Conclusion: The latest homology modeling and docking experiments on the protease model will provide useful insight knowledge for the logical approach of constructing a wide spectrum of novel insecticide against Spodoptera.
Impact of Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition during Resistance Training among Untrained Individuals
Authors: Hadizadeh Maryam , Gan Wee Yet , Mohafez Hamidreza , Sugajima Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Resistance training (RT) has been established as the most efficient approach for lean body mass maintenance required for preserving a sufficiently high metabolism during weight loss.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the ketogenic diet (KD) and regular diet (RE) in combination with 8-week resistance exercise (RT), on body weight, body fat mass (BFM), and lean body mass (LBM) of untrained individuals.

Methods:
Twenty untrained participants were randomly assigned to the RE+RT and KD+RT as control and experimental groups, respectively. Sixty to ninety minutes of diversified resistance exercise were performed by both groups, three sessions weekly, and diet was self-administered with a recommended daily energy and protein intakes. Body composition was measured using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer. One-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to analyze the data.

Results:
The results showed a greater post-intervention adjusted mean for body weight and LBM in the normal dietary group in comparison with the experimental group. After controlling for baseline measurements, there was a statistically significant difference in body weight (p < .0005) and BFM (p =.001) between groups.

Conclusion:
Resistance training along with a ketogenic diet may decrease BFM without notable changes in LBM, whilst RT on a normal diet might increase LBM without remarkably influencing BFM.
The Heavy Metals in the Soils of the Republic of Kalmykia based on the 2019 Data
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Buluktaev Aleksey , Adyanova Altana ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Published: December 2020

Цель. В данной статье исследуется содержание тяжелых металлов в почвах на территории 13 районов Республики Калмыкия и города Элисты за 2019 г. Методы. Для изучения содержания тяжелых металлов в почвах образцы почв были отобраны с территории дошкольных образовательных учреждений, селитебной территории, зон рекреаций и лечебно-профилактических учреждений. Определение тяжелых металлов проводили методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрофотометрии с пламенной атомизацией на абсорбционном спектрофотометре. Результаты. В результате исследования нами были получены следующие данные: содержание ртути и кадмия во всех исследованных почвах не превышает 0,100 мг/кг, высокие концентрации свинца, превышающие 7,000 мг/ кг, зафиксированы в почвах Городовиковского, Юстинского и Яшалтинского районов Республики Калмыкия. Относительно высокие концентрации цинка зафиксированы в почвах Городовиковского, Яшалтинского и Юстинского районов (25,466–33,833 мг/кг), содержание меди в почвах Калмыкии варьирует в широких пределах от 0,000 мг/ кг до 6,733 мг/кг. Выводы.Доказано,что содержание исследуемых тяжелых металлов в почвах на территории дошкольных образовательных учреждений, лечебно-профилактических учреждений всех районных центров Республики Калмыкия и города Элисты не превышает предельно допустимых концентраций.
The Analysis of the Pasture Vegetation Species Composition on the Territory of the Khanata Municipal Unit of the Maloderbetovskiy Region of the Republic of Kalmykia
Authors:   Institute for Comprehensive Studies of Arid Territories, Bembeeva Olga 
Published: December 2020

Цель исследования заключается в мониторинге современного состояния пастбищной растительности на территории Ханатинского СМО Малодербетовского района Республики Калмыкия. Материалы и методы. Материалом для публикации послужили наблюдения и учеты, выполненные в 2012–2019 гг. на пастбищных полигонах Ханатинского сельского муниципального образования с применением наземных и дистанционных методов изучения ландшафтов. При проведении исследования использовались классические методы. Результаты. В статье приведены результаты таксономического, биоморфологического, эколого-ценотического анализов растительных сообществ территории Ханатинского СМО Малодербетовского района Республики Калмыкия. Общее видовое богатство изученных фитоценозов составило 151 вид сосудистых растений, относящихся к 103 родам и 24 семействам. Наиболее многочисленными семействами являются Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae и Brassicaceae. Лидирующими родами являются Artemisia (6 видов), Limonium (5 видов), Petrosimonia (4 вида). Выводы. Доминирующую роль во флоре исследуемых ключевых участков занимают поликарпические (49,0 %) и монокарпические травы (43,7 %). Доля полукустарничков составляет 6,0 %, полукустарников — 1,3 %. По приуроченности к определенным типам местообитаний большинство видов относится к степному типу растительности (74,8 %). Пустынные виды представлены наименьшим количеством (8,6 %). По отношению к влаге большинство видов растений относится к ксерофитам (45,7 %), по отношению к засолению около 20 % всех растений относится к галофитам, что характерно для данной территории. Выявлено 10 видов редких и исчезающих растений, занесенных в Красные книги РФ и Республики Калмыкия.
Depression Level Of Adolescent In Banyuwangi Based On Gender Using Beck Depression Inventory-II
Authors: Purwoningrum Ary's Kusumaayu 
Published: December 2020

Depression can interfere with the mood that affects a person's feelings, thinking ability, and completing daily activities. Symptoms of depression include prolonged sadness and loss of interest in doing activities that are usually done, followed by a decrease in the ability to carry out activities. Based on data from WHO in 2015, the proportion of the global population experiencing depression is estimated at 4.4%. Meanwhile, based on a survey from Riskesdas in 2018 showed that depression began to occur in the 15-24 year age group with a prevalence of 6.2%. Adolescents are an age group that is vulnerable to depression. This study aims to determine the level of depression in students of OSIS management of vocational high schools (SMK) in Banyuwangi based on gender using BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II). This research is a descriptive type of research with a quantitative approach using a total population of 51 people of the student organization management of vocational high schools (SMK) in Banyuwangi. The questionnaire used is BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II) which consists of 21 statements. The respondents' answers were categorized into 4 levels of depression categories, namely no depression, mild depression, moderate depression and major depression. Male students who did not depression were 41.7%, mild depression were 16.6%, moderate depression were 41.7%, and major depression were 0%. The female students who did not depression were 56.4%, mild depression were 35.9%, moderate depression were 7.7%, and major depression were 0%. Depression is more common in women than men
Insights into algae evolution for adapting to blue-green light garnered from the Isochrysis galbana genome
Authors: Chen Duo , Yuan Xue , Zheng Xuehai , Fang Jingping , Lin Gang , Chen Jiannan , Li Daliang , Li Li , He Wejin , Huang Luqiang , Huang Zhen , Li Rongmao , Fu Yajuan , Fan Wenfang , Liang Limin , Chen Nan , Lin Chentao , Zhu Jinmao , Chen Youqiang , Xue Ting 
Published: December 2020

Isochrysis galbana is an important producer in the aquatic ecosystem
because of its rich fucoxanthin content and fast growth. However, little
is known about its evolutionary adaptation to live in a specific,
complex and harsh environment. We report a high-quality genome sequence
of I. galbana LG007, which has a 92.73 Mb genome size, a contig N50 of
6.99 Mb and 14,900 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic inferences
confirmed the monophyly of Haptophyta, showing I. galbana is a sister to
E. huxleyi and C. tobinii. Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated
divergence of I. galbana from its close relative E. huxleyi
~133 million years ago, and I. galbana underwent one
round of whole-genome duplication. Genes related to environmental
adaptation and metabolic regulation in I. galbana were relatively
conserved, but the basic transcriptional regulation toolkit for
terrestrial plant development has been contracted or was not detected.
The domain identification of one novel fucoxanthin biosynthesis gene
that encodes diadinoxanthin-fucoxanthin hydroxylase (DFH) was
investigated. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that I. galbana
acquired several transcription factors specific to the control of
pigment accumulation and production of LHCX2 to harvest blue-green
light, which facilitates adaptation to the underwater environment. These
findings provide new insights into the genomic characteristics of I.
galbana and algae evolution for adaptation to blue-green
light underwater.
«Nach Aufnahme arterielle Hypotonie»: Personenkonzept und Kommunikationsformen in der Experten-Medizin
Authors: King Martina 
Published: December 2020

“Arterial hypotonia after admission”: concepts of personhood and types of communication in clinical medicine
This article deals, from the perspective of textual and narrative theory, with certain forms of communication in current clinical medicine. It will be argued that diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in highly specialized medical contexts tend to be fragmented and pluralistic and that this compromises a distinct concept of personhood. Therefore, clinical experts should adopt an integrative understanding of the patient as coherent entity. The phenomenon of depersonalization in clinical medicine is, among others, reinforced by a quasi ‘hegemonial’ expert genre that organizes almost all case-based communication among specialists: the discharge report or epicrisis. However, there is hardly any research about this genre. Against this background, a brief overview will be given over the historical development of the medical report in the 20th century and its epistemological function, using archival sources. Certain narrative peculiarities such as deagentivization, reductionism and fundamental linearity indicate that the medical report has the function of ordering past courses of events and of making causal connections evident – therefore it works anyway in a depersonalizing manner. In this context, the Medical Humanities have a serious didactic task: they should raise critical awareness of the relationship between talking, writing, thinking and acting among future clinicians already during their academic education.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN DIKANTOR KECAMATAN MAPPAKASUNGGU KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Roy Roy , Hakim Lukman , Tahir Nurbiah 
Published: December 2020

This study purposed to find out and analyze the effect of work motivation on service quality in Mappakasunggu District office of Takalar Regency. This study used descriptive research by using quantitative methods and approaches that described work motivation towards service quality in the District Office of Mappakasunggu, Takalar Regency, as many as 77 people. Sampling technique used simple random sampling. The statistical analysis of the coffisien model table, explaining the magnitude of the correlation or relationship (R) value of 0.590. The influence of the independent variable or work motivation (X) on the dependent variable of service quality (Y) shown by the standard coffisien of 0.5 or 59% based on these results it could be said that the influence of the independent variable or work motivation (X) on the variable the dependent quality of service (Y) in the Mappakasunggu District Office of Takalar Regency was 0.5, or 59%.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP KEDISIPLINAN PEGAWAI DI KANTOR DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Firman Nur , Mustari Nuryanti , Tahir Nurbiah 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine and analyze the influence of transformational leadership style on employee discipline in the Office of Population and Civil Registry of Takalar Regency. This study used a descriptive study using quantitative methods and approaches that described the transformational leadership style of employee discipline in the Office of Population and Civil registry of Takalar Regency. The population in this study were all employees in the Office of Population and Civil Registry of Takalar regency as many as 50 people, civil servants were 30 people and 20 honorary. Sampling technique used saturated sampling. The results showed that the transformational leadership style had a positive and significant effect on employee discipline at the Office of Population and Civil Registration, with an R square coefficient of 0,524, meaning 52.4% of the leadership style affected employee discipline at the Office of Population and Civil Registration at Takalar Regency.
Evaluation of eight isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) germplasm performance grown under different climatic conditions in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Riazul , Mehedi Md. Nazmul Hasan , Moniruzzaman Md. , Obaidullah Abu Jafor Mohammad , Fahim Abu Hena Faisal , Karim Md. Rejaul 
Published: December 2020

The extent of genetic diversity in the crop plants is of prime concern to plant breeders and germplasm curators. Therefore, a study was employed to determine the genetic diversity and to evaluate the performance of eight genotypes of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) through analysis of morpho-physiological and yield attributing characteristics. All the germplasm was collected from different areas of Bangladesh. The experiments were conducted at the research field of Regional Spices Research Centre, Magura during the rabi season, 2019-20 to characterize phenotypically and to evaluate the performance of different isabgol germplasm. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest plant height (42.33 cm), number of tillers per plant (7.33), number of leaves per plant (74), length of leaf (30.00 cm), number of spikes per plant (29.0), length of spike (4.03 cm), 1000 seeds weight (2.0 g) and seed yield (823 kg ha-1) of isabgol was found from the germplasm PO-001 and the lowest plant height (39.67 cm), number of tillers per plant (6.33), number of leaves per plant (69.33), length of leaf (26.33 cm), number of spikes per plant (23.0), length of spike (3.67 cm), 1000 seeds weight (1.87 g) and seed yield (705 kg ha-1) of isabgol was found from the germplasm PO-007. On the basis of this field trail in terms of seed yield and other important agronomic characteristics the genotypes PO-001 can be chosen for future breeding material to release a commercial variety in Bangladesh climatic conditions.