bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportions of youth with visual impairments meeting 24‐hr movement guidelines
Authors: Haegele Justin A. , Zhu Xihe , Healy Sean , Patterson Freda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent movement behaviour guidelines prescribe the optimal time spent in physical activity, screen time, and sleep across a 24‐hr period. The proportion of youth with visual impairments meeting 0, 1, 2, or all 3 of these 24 movement guidelines is unknown. The primary purpose of this observational, cross‐sectional analysis was to examine the proportions of youth with visual impairments in the United States who partially or fully meet the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration guidelines. A secondary purpose of this analysis was to examine whether demographic variables were associated with the odds of youth with visual impairments meeting these guidelines.MethodsThis study included 561 youth with visual impairments from the 2016 to 2017 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Accounting for the NSCH sampling plan, Complex Samples was used to estimate the prevalence of meeting 24‐hr movement guidelines, and a multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the odds ratio of guidelines met across different demographic factors.ResultsOf the participants in this study, 18.7%, 50.7%, and 73.2% met physical activity, sleep, and screen time guidelines, respectively. Just 5.8% of the sample met all three of the 24‐hr movement guidelines, whereas 10.6% did not meet any of the three guidelines.ConclusionsThe proportion of the sample meeting of all three guidelines was low, thus depriving the majority of this population of the physiological and psychological health benefits of meeting each guideline. Moreover, the study identifies physical inactivity as a key risk factor that requires attention in this population.
Adolescent Identity Development in Japan
Authors: Sugimura Kazumi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdolescence is a critical period of identity development. Since identity development occurs between an individual and the culture, we assume that there are diverse pathways of adolescent identity development across different cultural contexts. However, much of the research on adolescent identity development has been conducted in Western contexts. Research on adolescent identity development in Japan, a non‐Western country characterized as individualistic collectivism in culture and marked by prolonged adolescence in society, provides insight into how aspects of culture and society are crucial to the global study of adolescent identity development. Evidence from Japanese adolescents highlights differences from their Western peers in the developmental process of identity, including its instability and uncertainty, and similarities in the importance of identity to adolescent psychological functioning for both global and cultural indices. Going forward, researchers need to further clarify the interdependence between adolescent identity and the cultural and social context across and within cultures.
An algorithm for diagnosing IgE‐mediated food allergy in study participants who do not undergo food challenge
Authors: Kelleher Maeve M. , Jay Nicola , Perkin Michael R. , Haines Rachel H. , Batt Rebecca , Bradshaw Lucy E. , Montgomery Alan A. , Chalmers Joanne R. , Williams Hywel C. , Boyle Robert J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy diagnosis in clinical studies can be challenging. Oral food challenges (OFC) are time‐consuming, carry some risk and may, therefore, not be acceptable to all study participants.ObjectiveTo design and evaluate an algorithm for detecting IgE‐mediated food allergy in clinical study participants who do not undergo OFC.MethodsAn algorithm for trial participants in the Barrier Enhancement for Eczema Prevention (BEEP) study who were unwilling or unable to attend OFC was developed. BEEP is a pragmatic, multi‐centre, randomized‐controlled trial of daily emollient for the first year of life for primary prevention of eczema and food allergy in high‐risk infants (ISRCTN21528841). We built on the European iFAAM consensus guidance to develop a novel food allergy diagnosis algorithm using available information on previous allergenic food ingestion, food reaction(s) and sensitization status. This was implemented by a panel of food allergy experts blind to treatment allocation and OFC outcome. We then evaluated the algorithm's performance in both BEEP and Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study participants who did undergo OFC.ResultsIn 31/69 (45%) BEEP and 44/55 (80%) EAT study control group participants who had an OFC the panel felt confident enough to categorize children as “probable food allergy” or “probable no food allergy”. Algorithm‐derived panel decisions showed high sensitivity 94% (95%CI 68, 100) BEEP; 90% (95%CI 72, 97) EAT and moderate specificity 67% (95%CI 39, 87) BEEP; 67% (95%CI 39, 87) EAT. Sensitivity and specificity were similar when all BEEP and EAT participants with OFC outcome were included.ConclusionWe describe a new algorithm with high sensitivity for IgE‐mediated food allergy in clinical study participants who do not undergo OFC.Clinical RelevanceThis may be a useful tool for excluding food allergy in future clinical studies where OFC is not conducted.
Postoperative chemotherapy improves survival in patients with resected high‐risk Stage II colorectal cancer: results of a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Simillis C. , Singh H. K. S. I. , Afxentiou T. , Mills S. , Warren O. J. , Smith J. J. , Riddle P. , Adamina M. , Cunningham D. , Tekkis P. P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to assess the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in high‐risk Stage II colorectal cancer.MethodA systematic literature review and meta‐analysis was performed comparing survival in patients with resected Stage II colorectal cancer and high‐risk features having postoperative chemotherapy vs no chemotherapy.ResultsOf 1031 articles screened, 29 were included, reporting on 183 749 participants. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 0.61, P < 0.0001], disease‐specific survival (HR = 0.73, P = 0.05) and disease‐free survival (HR = 0.59, P < 0.0001) compared to no chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly increased 5‐year overall survival (OR = 0.53, P = 0.0008) and 5‐year disease‐free survival (OR = 0.50, P = 0.001). Overall survival and disease‐free survival remained significantly prolonged during subgroup analysis of studies published from 2015 onwards (HR = 0.60, P < 0.0001; HR = 0.65, P = 0.0001; respectively), in patients with two or more high‐risk features (HR = 0.59, P = 0.0001; HR = 0.70, P = 0.03; respectively) and in colon cancer (HR = 0.61, P < 0.0001; HR = 0.51, P = 0.0001; respectively). Overall survival, disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival during subgroup analysis of individual high‐risk features were T4 tumour (HR = 0.58, P < 0.0001; HR = 0.50, P = 0.003; HR = 0.75, P = 0.05), < 12 lymph nodes harvested (HR = 0.67, P = 0.0002; HR = 0.80, P = 0.17; HR = 0.72, P = 0.02), poor differentiation (HR = 0.84, P = 0.35; HR = 0.85, P = 0.23; HR = 0.61, P = 0.41), lymphovascular or perineural invasion (HR = 0.55, P = 0.05; HR = 0.59, P = 0.11; HR = 0.76, P = 0.05) and emergency surgery (HR = 0.60, P = 0.02; HR = 0.68, P = 0.19).ConclusionAdjuvant chemotherapy in high‐risk Stage II colorectal cancer results in a modest survival improvement and should be considered on an individual patient basis. Due to potential heterogeneity and selection bias of the included studies, and lack of separate rectal cancer data, further large randomized trials with predefined inclusion criteria and standardized chemotherapy regimens are required.
The combination of term relations analysis and weighted frequent itemset model for multidocument summarization
Authors: Chaghari Arash , Feizi‐Derakhshi Mohammad‐Reza , Balafar Mohammad‐Ali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNowadays, it is necessary that users have access to information in a concise form without losing any critical information. Document summarization is an automatic process of generating a short form from a document. In itemset‐based document summarization, the weights of all terms are considered the same. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for multidocument summarization based on weighted patterns and term association measures. In the present study, the weights of the terms are not equal in the context and are computed based on weighted frequent itemset mining. Indeed, the proposed method enriches frequent itemset mining by weighting the terms in the corpus. In addition, the relationships among the terms in the corpus have been considered using term association measures. Also, the statistical features such as sentence length and sentence position have been modified and matched to generate a summary based on the greedy method. Based on the results of the DUC 2002 and DUC 2004 datasets obtained by the ROUGE toolkit, the proposed approach can outperform the state‐of‐the‐art approaches significantly.
Postautologous stem cell transplantation engraftment syndrome: Improved treatment and outcomes
Authors: Liu Ziyang , Zhang Shuyao , Horn Biljana , Moreb Jan S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPostautologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) engraftment syndrome (ES) is a well‐known clinical complication; however, many aspects remain largely controversial. In this retrospective study, we reviewed records of 156 ASCTs done over 2 years in our institution. Our results show that 45 (34 multiple myeloma/amyloidosis and 11 lymphoma) of 156 adult patients (29%) were diagnosed with ES. Patients with ES were significantly more likely to have fever, rash, and diarrhea upon engraftment. Risk factors for ES included shorter time from diagnosis to ASCT (P = .029), and lower number of pretransplant treatment regimens (0.012). Post‐ASCT, patients with ES had significantly lower absolute lymphocyte count on first engraftment day (P = .014). Most ES patients received treatment with steroids. Initial dose of prednisone/methylprednisolone was 2 mg/kg (n = 34), 1 mg/kg (n = 7), while four patients received 1000 mg IV with median length of therapy 7.5 days. One ES patient with inadequate steroid therapy died of ES complications, while another developed respiratory failure requiring intubation but had full recovery with steroids treatment. In conclusion, patients with shorter time from diagnosis to ASCT and with less prior therapy are more likely to develop ES. Overall survival of ES patients has improved with greater awareness of the diagnosis and earlier use of steroids.
Associations of perceived information adequacy and knowledge with pursuit of live donor kidney transplants and living donor inquiries among African American transplant candidates
Authors: Cabacungan Ashley N. , Ellis Matthew J. , Sudan Debra , Strigo Tara S. , Pounds Iris , Riley Jennie A. , Falkovic Margaret , Alkon Aviel N. , Peskoe Sarah B. , Davenport Clemontina A. , Pendergast Jane F. , Ephraim Patti L. , Mohottige Dinushika , Diamantidis Clarissa J. , St. Clair Russell Jennifer , DePasquale Nicole , Boulware L. Ebony 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe studied associations between perceived adequacy of live donor kidney transplant (LDKT) information or knowledge with pursuit of LDKT or receipt of live donor inquiries among 300 African American kidney transplant candidates. Participants reported via questionnaire how informed or knowledgeable they felt regarding LDKT. Participants also reported their pursuit of LDKT, categorized as “low” (no discussion with family or friends about LDKT and no identified donor), “intermediate” (discussed LDKT with family but no identified donor) or “high” (discussed LDKT with family and identified a potential donor). We reviewed participants' electronic health records to identify potential donors' transplant center inquiries on participants' behalves. A minority of participants reported they felt “very” or “extremely” well informed about LDKT (39%) or had “a great deal” of LDKT knowledge (38%). Participants perceiving themselves as “very” or “extremely” (vs “not” or “slightly”) well informed about LDKT had statistically significantly greater odds of intermediate or high (vs low) pursuit of LDKT (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.71 [1.02‐7.17]). Perceived LDKT knowledge was not associated with pursuit of LDKT. Neither perceived information adequacy nor knowledge was associated with living donor inquiries. Efforts to better understand the role of education in the pursuit of LDKT among African American transplant candidates are needed.
Eccrine angiokeratomatous hamartoma combined with solitary angiokeratoma or verrucous venous malformation: Report of two cases and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Ricci Costantino , Francesca Ambrosi , Dika Emi , Scarfì Federica , Corti Barbara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFirst reported in 2006, eccrine angiokeratomatous hamartoma is a very rare vascular malformation of the skin, with only few described cases. It has a peculiar histopathology with features deriving from the combination of two different vascular malformations of the skin: solitary angiokeratoma and eccrine angiomatous hamartoma. In the past, other authors described similar hamartomatous lesions with features deriving from verrucous venous malformation and eccrine angiomatous hamartoma. We believe that these lesions are clearly overlapping from clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical points of view and the term “eccrine angiokeratomatous hamartoma” should be used to indicate the whole spectrum of these lesions as suggested by Kanitakis et al. Herein we present two cases of this rare vascular hamartoma, with clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization. In addition, for the first time we report a complete and detailed review of the literature to clarify the clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological features of this unique entity.
An unusual case of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma presenting in the skin by direct extension at a laparoscopic port site
Authors: Gradecki Sarah E. , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known for its propensity to metastasize widely throughout the body, cutaneous metastases are uncommon and seen in less than 3% of RCCs. A 56‐year‐old man presented with a painful red lesion with satellite nodules on his abdomen at a laparoscopic port site from a partial nephrectomy for a pT1a clear‐cell RCC that was performed 28 months prior. The lesion was excised; however, after excision the lesion recurred with continued pain and drainage from the surgical site. This was treated with multiple courses of antibiotics. Because of the persistent nature of the lesion, it was re‐biopsied, and an atypical, keratin‐positive, spindle‐cell proliferation was identified within the dermis. The patient's previous skin excision was reexamined, and the same atypical cells were identified within large areas of necrosis, granulation tissue, and fibrosis. Further workup was performed on the initial excision, and the atypical cells showed expression of CD10, CAIX, PAX8, EMA, and vimentin, consistent with cutaneous involvement by RCC. Because of the rarity of skin metastases in RCC and the location at a previous laparoscopic port site, this lesion is presumed to have resulted from direct extension of tumor at the time of surgery.
Evans, transparency, and Cartesianism
Authors: Zapero David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn The Varieties of Reference, Evans makes two parallel claims about thought and perception. He argues that both our capacity to self‐ascribe thought and our capacity to self‐ascribe perception are fallible. The essay focuses on his claim about perception and examines its relation to Evans's project of rejecting a Cartesian conception of the mind. In his theory of perception, I argue, Evans embraces a conception of first‐person authority that he seeks to reject in his account of thought. He is thus not able to extend to perception the critique of Cartesianism that he develops in the context of his analysis of thought. My intent is not exclusively critical. By working through the difficulties that Evans's argument raises, I seek to shed light on whether and, if so, how criticisms of a Cartesian conception of thought may be extended to the philosophy of perception.
Prevention of post‐dural puncture headache: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Salzer J. , Granåsen G. , Sundström P. , Vågberg M. , Svenningsson A. 
Published: January 2020

Background and purposeWe investigated 952 subjects undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP) to study the effects of needle size, needle design and stylet reinsertion on the risk of post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH).MethodsThis randomized double‐blind study was performed at Umeå University Hospital in Sweden during 2013–2018. Subjects were randomly assigned one of three needles [22 gauge (G) atraumatic, 25G atraumatic and 25G cutting] and stylet reinsertion before needle withdrawal or not. The main outcome measure was PDPH assessed by standardized telephone interview(s) 5 days after the LP, repeated until headache cessation. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PDPH.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 51.1 (16.7) years and 53.6% were females. The smaller bore (25G) atraumatic needle incurred a lower risk of headache compared with the larger bore (22G) atraumatic needle [22.0% (69/314) vs. 30.2% (98/324); OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45–0.93] and compared with the cutting needle [32.8% (103/314); OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40–0.82]. Reinserting the stylet before needle withdrawal did not reduce the risk of headache.ConclusionsThese data suggest that a 25G atraumatic needle is superior to a larger atraumatic needle, and to a same‐sized cutting needle, in preventing PDPH after diagnostic LP. In contrast to one earlier report, this study did not find that stylet reinsertion was effective in preventing PDPH. This study provides class I evidence that a small atraumatic needle decreases the risk of PDPH and that stylet reinsertion does not influence PDPH risk.
An outranking method for multicriteria decision making with probabilistic hesitant information
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Qiongxia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDefects of hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) manifest in actual decision‐making process, so adding probabilities to the values in HFS is necessary. The probabilistic HFS (PHFS) is a useful tool to describe the uncertainty of elements in HFS by introducing occurrence probabilities. However, some important issues in PHFS utilization remain to be addressed. In this study, an outranking method for multicriteria decision making (MCDM) with probabilistic hesitant information is presented. First, the binary relations between two probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements (PHFEs) are defined on the basis of the elimination and choice translating reality method. Some outranking relations between the alternatives are then introduced. Second, we provide a Hausdorff distance between two PHFEs. The main characteristic of the proposed Hausdorff distance is that it does not require the same length and arrangement of the PHFEs. Third, a maximizing Hausdorff distance deviation method is developed to obtain the evaluation criteria weights under a probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environment. Finally, an illustrative example in conjunction with comparative analysis is used to demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for practical MCDM problems.
Does browning‐induced light limitation reduce fish body growth through shifts in prey composition or reduced foraging rates?
Authors: van Dorst Renee M. , Gårdmark Anna , Svanbäck Richard , Huss Magnus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Browning of waters, coupled to climate change and land use changes, can strongly affect aquatic ecosystems. Browning‐induced light limitation may have negative effects on aquatic consumers via shifts in resource composition and availability and by negatively affecting foraging of consumers relying on vision. However, the extent to which light limitation caused by browning affects fish via either of these two pathways is largely unknown.

Here we specifically test if fish growth responses to browning in a pelagic food web are best explained by changes in resource availability and composition due to light limitation, or by reduced foraging rates due to decreased visual conditions.

To address this question, we set up a mesocosm experiment to study growth responses of two different fish species to browning and conducted an aquaria experiment to study species‐specific fish foraging responses to browning. Furthermore, we used a space‐for‐time approach to analyse fish body length‐at‐age across >40 lakes with a large gradient in lake water colour to validate experimental findings on species‐specific fish growth responses.

With browning, we found an increase in chlorophyll a concentrations, shifts in zooplankton community composition, and a decrease in perch (Perca fluviatilis) but not roach (Rutilus rutilus) body growth. We conclude that fish growth responses are most likely to be linked to the observed shift in prey (zooplankton) composition. In contrast, we found limited evidence for reduced perch, but not roach, foraging rates in response to browning. This suggests that light limitation led to lower body growth of perch in brown waters mainly through shifts in resource composition and availability, perhaps in combination with decreased visibility. Finally, with the lake study we confirmed that perch but not roach body growth and length‐at‐age are negatively affected by brown waters in the wild.

In conclusion, using a combination of experimental and observational data, we show that browning of lakes is likely to (continue to) result in reductions in fish body growth of perch, but not roach, as a consequence of shifts in prey availability and composition, and perhaps reduced foraging.
Comparing temperature sensitivity of bacterial growth in Antarctic marine water and soil
Authors: van Gestel Natasja C. , Ducklow Hugh W. , Bååth Erland 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe western Antarctic Peninsula is an extreme low temperature environment that is warming rapidly due to global change. Little is known, however, on the temperature sensitivity of growth of microbial communities in Antarctic soils and in the surrounding oceanic waters. This is the first study that directly compares temperature adaptation of adjacent marine and terrestrial bacteria in a polar environment. The bacterial communities in the ocean were adapted to lower temperatures than those from nearby soil, with cardinal temperatures for growth in the ocean being the lowest so far reported for microbial communities. This was reflected in lower minimum (Tmin) and optimum temperatures (Topt) for growth in water (−17 and +20°C, respectively) than in soil (−11 and +27°C), with lower sensitivity to changes in temperature (Q10; 0–10°C interval) in Antarctic water (2.7) than in soil (3.9). This is likely due to the more stable low temperature conditions of Antarctic waters than soils, and the fact that maximum in situ temperatures in water are lower than in soils, at least in summer. Importantly, the thermally stable environment of Antarctic marine water makes it feasible to create a single temperature response curve for bacterial communities. This would thus allow for calculations of temperature‐corrected growth rates, and thereby quantifying the influence of factors other than temperature on observed growth rates, as well as predicting the effects of future temperature increases on Antarctic marine bacteria.