bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on repairing canine mandibular defect with porous Mg–Sr alloy combined with Mg–Sr alloy membrane
Authors: Zhang Shanning , Sun Xirao , Kang Chunyu , Yang Man , Zhao Yuan , Wang Chengyue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To discuss the feasibility of the application of porous Mg–Sr alloy combined with Mg–Sr alloy membrane in the repair of mandibular defects in dogs. The second and third mandibular premolars on both sides were extracted from six dogs. The model of mandible buccal fenestration bone defects were prepared after the sockets healed. Twelve bone defects were randomly divided into groups A and B, then Mg–Sr alloy was implanted in bone defects of group A and covered by Mg–Sr alloy membrane while Mg–Sr alloy was implanted in bone defects of group B and covered by mineralized collagen membrane. Bone defects observed on cone beam computed tomographic images and comparing the gray value of the two groups after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the healing of bone defects were evaluated by gross observation, X-ray microscopes and histological observation of hard tissue. Bone defects in each group were repaired. At 8 and 12 weeks, the gray value of group A was higher than that of group B (P &lt; 0.05). At 12 weeks, the bone volume fraction of group A was higher than that of group B (P &lt; 0.05). The newly woven bone in group A is thick and arranged staggered, which was better than that of group B. Porous Mg–Sr alloy combined with Mg–Sr alloy membrane could further promote the repair of mandibular defects, and obtain good osteogenic effect.
Peer support in Shanghai’s Commitment to diabetes and chronic disease self-management: program development, program expansion, and policy
Authors: Liu Yuexing , Wu Xiaoyu , Cai Chun , Tang Patrick Y , Coufal Muchieh Maggy , Qian Yiqing , Luu Samantha Ling , Fisher Edwin B , Jia Weiping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Identifying organizational settings for sustainable, scalable implementation of peer support (PS) is a challenge. Development, initial evaluation, and community expansion of PS for populations with diabetes staged in the context of the Shanghai Integration Model integrating primary and specialty care for diabetes. Development Phase with 9 Community Health Centers (CHCs) leading to Community Expansion Phase with additional 12 communities. Development Phase peer leaders (PLs) co-led meetings on diabetes management, led neighborhood activities, and followed up with individuals and families. Among 1,284 participants, changes in HbA1c, other clinical markers, and diabetes distress were significant (ps from 0.001 to 0.041), pronounced among those with elevated levels, for example, HbA1c reduction from 9.09% to 8.50% among those ≥8% at baseline (p &lt; 0.001). Ratings of Implementation were associated with reduced HbA1c and diabetes distress and increased neighborhood support. In particular, linking with community resources and utilization of neighborhood Residential Committees were associated with improved HbA1c, indicating the value of PS programs including community resources. Thus, the Community Expansion Phase includes district- and community-level health staff, Community Self Management Groups, and Residential Committees along with CHCs in 12 communities, all of which have implemented activities during the first 6 months. PS programs are feasible and appear to add value among populations with diabetes in community settings such as Shanghai. Recognition by the Shanghai government has included PS as a key strategy for achieving self-management of chronic disease in its 2030 health goals.
Scale-up of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program (K-DPP) in Kerala, India: implementation evaluation findings
Authors: Ravindranath Ranjana , Oldenburg Brian , Balachandran Sajitha , Mini Gomathyamma Krishnakurup , Mahat Kishori , Sathish Thirunavukkarasu , Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cluster-randomized controlled trial of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program (K-DPP) demonstrated some significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and other outcomes. We aimed to refine and improve K-DPP for wider implementation in the Kerala state of India. The specific objectives of the scale-up program were (a) to develop a scalable program delivery model and related capacity building in Kerala and (b) to achieve significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in the target population. A total of 118 key trainers of a large women’s organization trained 15,000 peer leaders in three districts of Kerala. Each of these peer leaders was required to deliver 12 monthly sessions to ~25 people, reaching an estimated total of 375,000 adults over 12 months. We evaluated the number of sessions conducted, the participation of men, and program reach. We also assessed the effectiveness of the program in a random sample of 1,200 adults before and after the intervention and performed a biochemical evaluation on a subsample of 321. Of the 15,222 peer leaders who were trained, 1,475 (9.7%) returned their evaluation forms, of which, 98% reported conducting at least 1 session, 88% ≥6 sessions, and 74% all 12 sessions. Tobacco use among men reduced from 30% to 25% (p = .02) and alcohol use from 40% to 32% (p = .001). Overall, mean waist circumference reduced from 89.5 to 87.5 cm (p &lt; .001). Although there were some study shortcomings, the approach to scale-up and its implementation was quite effective in reaching a large population in Kerala and there were also some significant improvements in key cardiometabolic risk factors following the 1 year intervention.
Phylogeny and anatomy of marine mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) reveal convergent evolution of siphon traits
Authors: Audino Jorge A , Serb Jeanne M , Marian José Eduardo A R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConvergent morphology is a strong indication of an adaptive trait. Marine mussels (Mytilidae) have long been studied for their ecology and economic importance. However, variation in lifestyle and phenotype also make them suitable models for studies focused on ecomorphological correlation and adaptation. The present study investigates mantle margin diversity and ecological transitions in the Mytilidae to identify macroevolutionary patterns and test for convergent evolution. A fossil-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis of Mytilidae is inferred based on five genes for 33 species (19 genera). Morphological variation in the mantle margin is examined in 43 preserved species (25 genera) and four focal species are examined for detailed anatomy. Trait evolution is investigated by ancestral state estimation and correlation tests. Our phylogeny recovers two main clades derived from an epifaunal ancestor. Subsequently, different lineages convergently shifted to other lifestyles: semi-infaunal or boring into hard substrate. Such transitions are correlated with the development of long siphons in the posterior mantle region. Two independent origins are reconstructed for the posterior lobules on the inner fold, which are associated with intense mucociliary transport, suggesting an important cleansing role in epifaunal mussels. Our results reveal new examples of convergent morphological evolution associated with lifestyle transitions in marine mussels.
Countering Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression in Male Rats with Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonists Varenicline and ABT 594
Authors: Ren Jun , Ding Xiuqing , Greer John J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Opioids can induce significant respiratory depression when administered as analgesics for the treatment of acute, postoperative, and chronic pain. There are currently no pharmacologic means of reversing opioid-induced respiratory depression without interfering with analgesia. Further, there is a growing epidemic of opioid overdose that could benefit from therapeutic advancements. The aim of this study was to test the ability of two partial agonists of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, varenicline (used clinically for smoking cessation) and ABT 594 (tebanicline, developed as an analgesic), to reduce respiratory depression induced by fentanyl, remifentanil, morphine, and a combination of fentanyl and diazepam.

Methods
Whole body plethysmographic recordings, nociception testing, and righting reflex testing were used to examine ventilation, analgesia, and sedation in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats.

Results
Pre-, co-, or postadministration of varenicline or ABT 594 did not alter baseline breathing but markedly reduced opioid-induced respiratory depression. Varenicline had no effect on fentanyl-induced analgesia and ABT 594 potentiated fentanyl-induced analgesia. Specifically, 10-min administration of fentanyl induced a decrease in respiratory rate to 43 ± 32% of control in vehicle group, which was alleviated by preadministration of varenicline (85 ± 14% of control, n = 8, P < 0.001) or ABT 594 (81 ± 36% of control, n = 8, P = 0.001). ABT 594 or varenicline with a low dose of naloxone (1 µg/kg), but not varenicline alone, partially reversed fentanyl-induced lethal apnea, but neither compound provided the very rapid and complete reversal of apnea achieved with high doses of naloxone (0.03 to 1 mg/kg). Administration of varenicline (n = 4, P = 0.034) or ABT 594 (n = 4, P = 0.034) prevented lethal apneas induced by the combination of fentanyl and diazepam.

Conclusions
Activation of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by varenicline and ABT 594 counters opioid-induced respiratory depression without interfering with analgesia.

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Multimodal Analgesic Regimen for Spine Surgery
Authors: Maheshwari Kamal , Avitsian Rafi , Sessler Daniel I. , Makarova Natalya , Tanios Marianne , Raza Syed , Traul David , Rajan Shobana , Manlapaz Mariel , Machado Sandra , Krishnaney Ajit , Machado Andre , Rosenquist Richard , Kurz Andrea 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Various multimodal analgesic approaches have been proposed for spine surgery. The authors evaluated the effect of using a combination of four nonopioid analgesics versus placebo on Quality of Recovery, postoperative opioid consumption, and pain scores.

Methods
Adults having multilevel spine surgery who were at high risk for postoperative pain were double-blind randomized to placebos or the combination of single preoperative oral doses of acetaminophen 1,000 mg and gabapentin 600 mg, an infusion of ketamine 5 µg/kg/min throughout surgery, and an infusion of lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg/h intraoperatively and during the initial hour of recovery. Postoperative analgesia included acetaminophen, gabapentin, and opioids. The primary outcome was the Quality of Recovery 15-questionnaire (0 to 150 points, with 15% considered to be a clinically important difference) assessed on the third postoperative day. Secondary outcomes were opioid use in morphine equivalents (with 20% considered to be a clinically important change) and verbal-response pain scores (0 to 10, with a 1-point change considered important) over the initial postoperative 48 h.

Results
The trial was stopped early for futility per a priori guidelines. The average duration ± SD of surgery was 5.4 ± 2.1 h. The mean ± SD Quality of Recovery score was 109 ± 25 in the pathway patients (n = 150) versus 109 ± 23 in the placebo group (n = 149); estimated difference in means was 0 (95% CI, –6 to 6, P = 0.920). Pain management within the initial 48 postoperative hours was not superior in analgesic pathway group: 48-h opioid consumption median (Q1, Q3) was 72 (48, 113) mg in the analgesic pathway group and 75 (50, 152) mg in the placebo group, with the difference in medians being –9 (97.5% CI, –23 to 5, P = 0.175) mg. Mean 48-h pain scores were 4.8 ± 1.8 in the analgesic pathway group versus 5.2 ± 1.9 in the placebo group, with the difference in means being –0.4 (97.5% CI; –0.8, 0.1, P = 0.094).

Conclusions
An analgesic pathway based on preoperative acetaminophen and gabapentin, combined with intraoperative infusions of lidocaine and ketamine, did not improve recovery in patients who had multilevel spine surgery.

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Predictors and Clinical Importance of Postoperative Coronal Malalignment After Surgery to Correct Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Tanaka Nobuki , Ebata Shigeto , Oda Kotaro , Oba Hiroki , Haro Hirotaka , Ohba Tetsuro 
Published: January 2020

Study Design:
A retrospective observational study of a cohort of consecutive patients.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the correlations between clinical outcomes of spinal surgery to correct adult spinal deformity (ASD) including mechanical complications and coronal malalignment and clarify the risk factors for postoperative coronal malalignment.

Summary of Background Data:
Despite the coronal malalignment seen regularly in adult patients who have undergone spinal surgery to correct spinal deformity, the associations between coronal malalignment, and clinical outcomes including mechanical complications after the surgery have remained unclear until now. To understand the associations between coronal malalignment and outcomes of surgery to correct ASD, and risk factors for postoperative coronal malalignment has substantial clinical importance.

Materials and Methods:
We included data from 121 consecutive patients who had undergone spinal surgery to correct ASD and were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Iliac screws were used for pelvic fixation in all cases. The coronal balance was defined as the horizontal distance between the midpoint of C7 and the center of the sacrum on the coronal plane, and coronal malalignment was defined as when the absolute coronal balance was >20 mm. Preoperative radiographic parameters, surgical features, and clinical outcomes including mechanical complications were compared between groups of patients with coronal balance and those with malalignment. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to clarify risk factors for postoperative coronal malalignment.

Results:
Postoperative coronal malalignment had no significant association with the clinical outcome as evaluated by a Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index but had a significant association with the frequency of rod fracture. A large preoperative coronal imbalance (malalignment), L5 coronal tilt angle, and use of lateral lumbar interbody fusion were found as risk factors for postoperative coronal malalignment.

Conclusion:
Postoperative coronal malalignment had no significant association with the clinical outcome as evaluated by the Oswestry Disability Index and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire but was significantly associated with the frequency of rod fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
A Case of Dendritic Cell Neurofibroma With Pseudorosettes
Authors: Kubota Riko , Nishida Haruto , Kodo Yoshihiko , Oyama Yuzo , Kusaba Takahiro , Kadowaki Hiroko , Arakane Motoki , Daa Tsutomu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract:
Dendritic cell neurofibroma with pseudorosettes (DCNP) is a rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Till date, 34 cases of DCNP arising from various sites have been reported. Histopathologically, DCNP is known to present with characteristic pseudorosettes, in which a type II cell is surrounded by type I cells. In the present report, we discuss the rare case of a 63-year-old man diagnosed with DCNP on the left flank (size: approximately 10 mm). On microscopic examination of the resected lesion, we observed the characteristic pseudorosettes with centrally placed type I cells, which exhibited small, dark, slightly irregular oval nuclei with nuclear inclusions, surrounded by type II cells, which showed a large pale nucleus with a constriction, a small nucleolus, and mildly eosinophilic cytoplasm. The type II cells were positive for S-100, CD57, LAMP2, fascin, and factor XIIIa. Although previous reports have suggested that type II cells exhibit a dendritic form, our immunohistochemical analyses revealed that these cells were dermal interstitial dendritic cells.
Critical-Care Nurses' Perceptions of Hope
Authors: Fowler Susan B. 
Published: January 2020

Background
Nurses can be a source of inspiring hope in patients and families. There is limited investigation of hope-inspiring actions of critical-care nurses, particularly in the United States.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore critical-care nurses' perceptions of hope-inspiring strategies in adult patients and families.

Methods
Qualitative description was used to explore perceptions.

Results
A convenience sample of critical-care nurses participated (n = 14) in one-on-one interviews. Themes were identified from transcripts of audiotapes. Participants described hope as something to “hang on to” and “move” you forward or toward something. Assessment of hope was identified as a “verbal and nonverbal connection,” often done subconsciously. Hope was inspired through “communication.” Patient and/or family behaviors signified that hope-inspiring strategies may be working.

Discussion
Nurses have the power to assess, inspire, and evaluate hope. Nurses use similar hope-inspiring strategies regardless of their specialty area of critical-care practice. Findings from this qualitative study added to knowledge on hope-inspiring strategies of critical-care nurses.
Rural–Urban Differences in Adult Life Expectancy in Indonesia
Authors: Sudharsanan Nikkil , Ho Jessica Y. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Evidence on rural–urban differences in adult mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited and mixed. We examined the size of and factors contributing to rural–urban life expectancy differences among adults in Indonesia, the third most populous LMIC.

Methods:
Data come from the 2000, 2007, and 2014/2015 waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, a population-representative longitudinal study with mortality follow-up. We used Poisson regression and life tables to estimate rural–urban differences in life expectancy among 18,867 adult respondents ≥30 years. We then used a novel g-formula–based decomposition to quantify the contribution of rural–urban differences in blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and smoking to life expectancy differences.

Results:
Compared with urban adults, life expectancy at age 30 was 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4, 3.9) years higher for rural men and 1.2 (95% CI = −0.4, 2.7) years higher for rural women. Setting the BMI and systolic BP distribution equal in urban and rural adults reduced the urban mortality penalty by 22% for men and 78% for women, with the majority of this reduction coming from the contribution of rural–urban differences in BMI. Smoking did not contribute to the urban mortality penalty for either men or women.

Conclusions:
Adult life expectancy is lower in urban than in rural areas in Indonesia and we estimate that this difference is partly related to differences in BMI and systolic BP.
From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Lessons About Traumatic Brain Injury From the Ohio Head Injury Outcomes Study
Authors: Petranovich Christine L. , Smith-Paine Julia , Wade Shari L. , Yeates Keith Owen , Taylor H. Gerry , Stancin Terry , Kurowski Brad G. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
The Ohio Head Injury Outcomes study was a 12-year longitudinal study of early childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). This article reviewed the findings pertaining to caregiver and family functioning and child cognition, behavior, social competence, emotional functioning, and academics. We further considered individual and social-environmental influences on recovery and interventions.

Setting:
Recruitment was completed at 3 children's hospitals and 1 general hospital.

Participants:
Children aged 3 to 7 years at the time of injury with complicated mild to moderate and severe TBI or orthopedic injury requiring hospitalization were included.

Design:
A concurrent cohort/prospective research design was used. A baseline assessment was completed shortly after the injury. Follow-up assessments were completed at 6, 12, and 18 months and at an average of 38 and 82 months postinjury.

Main Measures:
At baseline, parents/guardians completed retrospective ratings of their child's behavioral, emotional, and social functioning preinjury. At the subsequent assessments, ratings reflected current functioning. Information about current family and caregiver functioning was collected at each time point and cognitive testing was completed at selected time points.

Results and Conclusions:
Recovery after TBI is complex, varies over time, and involves injury-related and premorbid influences, cognition, genetics, and caregiver and family functioning. A sizable number of children with TBI have persisting unmet clinical needs.
Determining vault size in implantable collamer lenses: preoperative anatomy and lens parameters
Authors: Trancón Angel Sánchez , Manito Santiago Cerpa , Sierra Oscar Torrado , Baptista António Manuel , Serra Pedro Miguel 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To determine patient preoperative anatomical features and the parameters of implantable collamer lenses (ICLs) relevant in explaining vault variability.

Setting:
Ophthalmology Clinic Vista Sánchez Trancón, Badajoz, Spain.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
This study comprised 360 eyes of 360 patients implanted with myopic or toric ICLs. Pentacam imaging was used for assessing white-to-white (WTW) diameter, central keratometry, and central corneal thickness. Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography was used to measure the horizontal anterior chamber angle distance (ATA), internal anterior chamber (ACQ), crystalline lens rise (CLR), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and vault. The sample was divided according to the implanted lens size (12.6 mm, 13.2 mm, and 13.7 mm). Vault predictors were identified from the variables above using multivariate regression analysis.

Results:
The groups showed significant statistical differences for WTW, ATA, ACQ, ACA, and vault (P < .007 for all). In general, bigger lenses were implanted in eyes with larger transverse sizes (WTW and ATA) and deeper ACQ. Also, larger ICL diameters were associated with higher vaults. Multivariate regression analysis identified the lens size (13.2 mm as reference; 12.6 mm: β [standardized coefficients] = −0.33; 13.7 mm: β = 0.42), ATA (β = −0.42), and CLR (β = −0.25), ICL spherical equivalent (β = −0.22) and patient age (β = −0.12) as predictors of the vault size (adjusted-R
2 = 0.34 P < .001).

Conclusions:
The multivariate model explained 34% of vault variability. The predictors indicated the presence of different mechanisms regulating the vault. These involved the difference between the transverse size of the eye and the ICL, the crystalline lens protrusion, and the ICL properties, such as power and size.