bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video‐Enhanced Care Management for Medically Complex Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Hastings Susan N. , Mahanna Elizabeth P. , Berkowitz Theodore S. Z. , Smith Valerie A. , Choate Ashley L. , Hughes Jaime M. , Pavon Juliessa , Robinson Katina , Hendrix Cristina , Van Houtven Courtney , Gentry Pamela , Rose Cynthia , Plassman Brenda L. , Potter Guy , Oddone Eugene 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVEThis pilot study assessed feasibility of video‐enhanced care management for complex older veterans with suspected mild cognitive impairment (CI) and their care partners, compared with telephone delivery.DESIGNPilot randomized controlled trial.SETTINGDurham Veterans Affairs Health Care System.PARTICIPANTSParticipants were enrolled as dyads, consisting of veterans aged 65 years or older with complex medical conditions (Care Assessment Need score ≥90) and suspected mild CI (education‐adjusted Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score 20–31) and their care partners.INTERVENTIONThe 12‐week care management intervention consisted of monthly calls from a study nurse covering medication management, cardiovascular disease risk reduction, physical activity, and sleep behaviors, delivered via video compared with telephone.MEASUREMENTSDyads completed baseline and follow‐up assessments to assess feasibility, acceptability, and usability.RESULTSForty veterans (mean (standard deviation (SD)) age = 72.4 (6.1) years; 100% male; 37.5% Black) and their care partners (mean (SD) age = 64.7 (10.8) years) were enrolled and randomized to telephone or video‐enhanced care management. About a third of veteran participants indicated familiarity with relevant technology (regular tablet use and/or experience with videoconferencing); 53.6% of internet users were comfortable or very comfortable using the internet. Overall, 43 (71.7%) care management calls were completed in the video arm and 52 (86.7%) were completed in the telephone arm. Usability of the video telehealth platform was rated higher for participants already familiar with technology used to deliver the intervention (mean (SD) System Usability Scale scores: 65.0 (17.0) vs 55.6 (19.6)). Veterans, care partners, and study nurses reported greater engagement, communication, and interaction in the video arm.CONCLUSIONVideo‐delivered care management calls were feasible and preferred over telephone for some complex older adults with mild CI and their care partners. Future research should focus on understanding how to assess and incorporate patient and family preferences related to uptake and maintenance of video telehealth interventions.
Regional consumption, material flows, and their driving forces: A case study of China's Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing–Jin–Ji) urban agglomeration
Authors: Li Yanxian , Wang Jiawen , Xian Dan , Zhang Yan , Yu Xiangyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContinuous urbanization and a coordinated regional development strategy have gradually shaped urban agglomerations as new and massive centers of resource consumption in China. Therefore, understanding the material consumption status and the underlying mechanisms for typical Chinese urban agglomerations will support efforts to promote regional resource‐utilization sustainability. In this study, we analyzed material consumption and its structure in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing–Jin–Ji) urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2015 and traced the sources of material consumption and underlying processes from a metabolic perspective. We also identified the main contributors and key drivers behind the changes of consumption during this period. The urban agglomeration's total consumption increased 2.2 times compared to the 2,000 level during the study period, with metallic minerals accounting for the largest proportion. Highly developed cities, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Handan, consumed the largest amounts of materials and generated the most wastes. These cities also relied heavily on both internal and external resources and exchanged materials frequently among their metabolic compartments. Economic activity was the strongest contributor to the increased material consumption, followed by the population increase, whereas decreasing material‐consumption intensity (increased efficiency) restrained the growth of material consumption somewhat. Our application of the material‐flow accounting framework at the scale of an urban agglomeration provides support for future research on material consumption in other typical urban agglomerations, where it can provide support for policy development to alleviate regional resource shortages.
Developing a new model system for potato genetics by androgenesis
Authors: Du Miru , Wang Ting , Lian Qun , Zhang Xiaojie , Xin Guohui , Pu Yuanyuan , Bryan Glenn J. , Qi Jianjian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh heterozygosity and tetrasomic inheritance complicate studies of asexually propagated polyploids, such as potato. Reverse genetics approaches, especially mutant library construction, can be an ideal choice if a proper mutagenesis genotype is available. Here, we aimed to generate a model system for potato research using anther cultures of Solanum verrucosum, a self‐compatible diploid potato with strong late blight resistance. Six of the 23 regenerants obtained (SVA4, SVA7, SVA22, SVA23, SVA32, and SVA33) were diploids, and their homozygosity was estimated to be >99.99% with 22 polymorphic InDel makers. Two lines—SVA4 and SVA32—had reduced stature (plant height ≤80 cm), high seed yield (>1,000 seeds/plant), and good tuber set (>30 tubers/plant). We further confirmed the full homozygosity of SVA4 and SVA32 using whole‐genome resequencing. These two regenerants possess all the characteristics of a model plant: diploidy, 100% homozygosity, self‐compatibility, and amenability to transgenesis. Thus, we have successfully generated two lines, SVA4 and SVA32, which can potentially be used for mutagenesis and as model plants to rejuvenate current methods of conducting potato research.
Silencing integrated SIV proviral DNA with TAR‐specific CRISPR tools
Authors: Smith Lisa M. , Hodara Vida L. , Parodi Laura M. , Callery Jessica E. , Giavedoni Luis D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundOne approach for a functional HIV cure is to prevent transcription from integrated proviral DNA. A critical step in HIV transcription is the Tat protein interaction with the TAR element viral RNA. We tested the strategy of blocking this Tat‐TAR interaction in the SIVmac model.MethodsWe designed five CRISPR short guiding RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting the SIVmac TAR element, along with inactive versions of Cas9 (dCas9). These sgRNA constructs were delivered as ribonucleoproteins or plasmid DNA, along with SIV DNA. The constructs were also tested in integrated viral DNA in a cell line chronically infected by SIV.ResultsThe sgRNAs targeting the coding strand of the TAR element inhibited SIV RNA transcription in association with dCas9‐KRAB, but not with dCas9.ConclusionsInduction of epigenetic modifications may be more effective in inactivating provirus than transcriptional interference and thus may be a better strategy to achieve a functional cure in vivo.
Activation of neuronal Ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) improves post‐stroke recovery and axonal plasticity in mice
Authors: Bu Fan , Munshi Yashasvee , Furr J Weldon , Min Jia‐wei , Qi Li , Patrizz Anthony , Spahr Zachary R. , Urayama Akihiko , Kofler Julia K. , McCullough Louise D. , Li Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLong‐term disability after stroke is common but the mechanisms of post‐stroke recovery remain unclear. Cerebral Ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac) 1 contributes to functional recovery after ischemic stroke in mice. As Rac1 plays divergent roles in individual cell types after central neural system injury, we herein examined the specific role of neuronal Rac1 in post‐stroke recovery and axonal regeneration. Young male mice were subjected to 60‐min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Inducible deletion of neuronal Rac1 by daily intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen (2 mg/40 g) into Thy1‐creER/Rac1‐floxed mice day 7–11 after MCAO worsened cognitive (assayed by novel object recognition test) and sensorimotor (assayed by adhesive removal and pellet reaching tests) recovery day 14–28 accompanied with the reduction of neurofilament‐L (NFL) and myelin basic protein (MBP) and the elevation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the peri‐infarct zone assessed by immunostaining. Whereas the brain tissue loss was not altered assayed by cresyl violet staining. In another approach, delayed overexpression of neuronal Rac1 by injection of lentivirus encoding Rac1 with neuronal promotor into both the cortex and striatum (total 4 μl at 1 × 109 transducing units/mL) of stroke side in C57BL/6J mice day 7 promoted stroke outcome, NFL and MBP regrowth and alleviated GFAP invasion. Furthermore, neuronal Rac1 over‐expression led to the activation of p21 activating kinases (PAK) 1, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and the elevation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) day 14 after stroke. Finally, we observed higher counts of neuronal Rac1 in the peri‐infarct zone of subacute/old ischemic stroke subjects. This work identified a neuronal Rac1 signaling in improving functional recovery and axonal regeneration after stroke, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in the recovery stage of stroke.
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Mealtime challenges in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Who is responsible?
Authors: Sørensen Dorthe , Wieghorst Anna Rottensten , Elbek Johanne Andersen , Mousing Camilla Askov 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore experiences of, and practices related to, mealtime challenges in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).BackgroundNutritional status is a significant indicator of prognosis and outcome in patients with COPD. Preventing unintended weight loss and helping patients regain weight are important nursing tasks. Dietary supplements have been effective in treating underweight in cases of stable COPD. However, compliance with long‐term interventions is quite low. Improving nutritional intake through knowledge of meal‐related challenges is the key to making further progress in preventing unintended weight loss.DesignThis study employed an ethnographic design using the go‐along method.MethodsFrom September 2018–June 2019, 34 hr of meal‐related observations and informal conversations with purposefully selected patients (n = 15) were completed at a Danish respiratory medicine ward and in patients’ homes. We analysed the empirical data using a Ricoeur‐inspired method. Reporting adheres to the COREQ Checklist.FindingsIn this study, we identified the absence of professional responsibility as a main challenge. Mealtimes appeared to be relegated to a matter of nutrition, and common practices surrounding mealtimes were no longer observed. Patients became dependent individuals who had to settle for the food available. In addition, physiological challenges often resulted in patients re‐evaluating the benefits of eating, concluding that it was not worth the effort and therefore not eating. Furthermore, patients were hesitant to communicate their needs, which left a number of nonverbalised challenges unattended.ConclusionsOverall, meal‐related challenges pose a risk of unintended weight loss, and the health professionals’ work with mealtimes lacks a coordinated, systematic approach. Further research is needed to develop or implement interventions that can accommodate mealtimes.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study contributes valuable knowledge that can be used to improve the quality of nursing care and prevent unintended weight loss in patients with COPD.
Umbilical cord management strategies at cesarean section
Authors: Consonni Sara , Vaglio Tessitore Isadora , Conti Claudia , Plevani Cristina , Condo’ Manuela , Torcasio Ferruccio , Pintucci Armando , Locatelli Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of different strategies to improve placental transfusion in cesarean section (CS).MethodsRetrospective analysis of all singleton term pregnancies that underwent CS over 6 months. Delayed umbilical cord clamping (dUCC) was defined as one done at least 60 s after birth. Umbilical cord milking (UCM) was an option when waiting 60 s was deemed unsafe. The two strategies were compared against early (<60 s) umbilical cord clamping (eUCC) without milking. Neonatal hematocrit (Hct) at 48 h was the main outcome variable.ResultsOf the 223 CS in the cohort, 100 were performed in labor and 123 were elective. dUCC was performed in 137, eUCC without milking in 53 and UCM in 33 cases. Neonatal Hct was higher in CS carried out in labor versus in elective CS (59.76% ± 6.17 vs 56.91% ± 5.95, P = 0.001). At multivariate analysis, CS performed in labor (coefficient [coeff.] 3.44, confidence interval [CI] 1.75–5.13, P < 0.001), UCM (coeff. 3.88, CI 1.61–6.14, P = 0.001) and birth weight (coeff. −0.003, CI −0.005 to −0.001, P = 0.001) were the only variables independently associated with neonatal Hct. In elective CS, UCM led to higher neonatal Hct (61.5% ± 5.5) compared to eUCC without milking (55.1% ± 5.5) and dUCC (56.4% ± 5.7, P = 0.001), while in CS performed in labor there were no significant differences among the placental transfusion strategies.ConclusionIn term CS, neonatal Hct is significantly higher when the CS is performed in labor or with UCM. In elective CS, UCM could be a valid option to favor placental transfusion.
Comparison of smartphone‐camera and conventional flatbed scanner images for analytical evaluation of chewing function
Authors: Fankhauser Nicolas , Kalberer Nicole , Müller Frauke , Leles Claudio R. , Schimmel Martin , Srinivasan Murali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe two‐colour mixing test is a quick method to assess chewing function (CF). The use of smartphone cameras for acquiring images may help in further simplifying the process.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the reliability of smartphone‐camera images of chewing gums to assess CF.MethodsFive test samples of a bicoloured chewing gum were produced by a single fully dentate adult volunteer. The specimens were flattened to 1‐mm thick wafers. The two sides of the wafers were digitised with a conventional flatbed scanner (control) and were photographed 20 times using 8 different smartphones. The images were assessed optoelectronically to obtain the variance of hue (VoH) and subjectively by visual assessment (SA) using a categorical scale (SA1‐SA5). Spearman's correlation and regression models were used for statistical analyses.ResultsThe intra‐group variability for SA1‐SA3 was <1% for all smartphones, but significantly higher than controls for SA4 and SA5 (smartphone: SA4 = 5.57%; SA5 = 8.76%; control: SA4 = 2.5%; SA5 = 0.79%). VoH was progressively lower from SA1 to SA5 for all imaging devices (r > −.97; P < .001). VoH comparisons between control and smartphone images revealed significant differences for the individual SA categories, and however, the magnitude of differences was small and non‐significant when the full range of SA levels were considered. The linear mixed model regression showed significant effects for all the smartphones (P < .001) and SA levels (P < .001) in relation to the flatbed scanner values.ConclusionsSmartphone cameras may be used to evaluate colour mixture for a bolus‐kneading test, however, the precision is lower with higher degrees of colour mixing.
Masticatory function in nursing home residents: Correlation with the nutritional status and oral health–related quality of life
Authors: de Medeiros Mariana Marinho Davino , Pinheiro Mayara Abreu , de Figueredo Olívia Maria Costa , de Oliveira Luiz Fabrício Santos , Wanderley Rayssa Lucena , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMasticatory function of institutionalised elders and its relationship with nutrition and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) are unknown.ObjectivesThis multicentre cross‐sectional study evaluated the influence of the presence of teeth and dentures on masticatory function (masticatory performance and swallowing threshold) in institutionalised elders. Correlation of masticatory function with nutrition and OHRQoL was also verified.MethodsOlder adults (n = 344; mean age (SD) = 77.70 (9.10)), selected from nursing homes in two Brazilian cities, were classified as edentulous with or without complete dentures (CDs), and partially dentate with or without prosthesis. Masticatory performance was assessed using a two‐colour chewing gum. Swallowing threshold was set by the number of chewing cycles performed until swallowing 3.7 g of peanuts. Nutrition was screened by Mini‐Nutritional Assessment—Short Form and body composition. OHRQoL was evaluated through Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14). The Kruskal‐Wallis test and Spearman's correlation were used (α = 0.05). Results: Edentulous elders without CDs had lower masticatory performance than those with CDs and partially dentate with or without prosthesis (P < .05). Swallowing threshold of edentulous elders with CDs and partially dentate with prosthesis was greater than edentulous elders without CDs and partially dentate without prosthesis (P < .05). Masticatory function was not correlated with nutrition. Masticatory performance was correlated (P < .05) with GOHAI (r2 = −.154) and swallowing threshold with GOHAI (r2 = .162) and OHIP‐14 (r2 = −.146).ConclusionThe absence of teeth and dentures negatively affected the masticatory function. Although the masticatory function was not correlated with institutionalised elders’ nutrition, their OHRQoL was negatively impacted.
Transnational work, translingual practices, and interactional sociolinguistics
Authors: Canagarajah Suresh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis introductory article explains the need for interactional analyses of workplace communication, which is increasingly multilingual and multimodal in expansive spatiotemporal contexts and layered frames. It provides an overview of how neoliberal economic conditions have impacted workplace communication, generating new task structures and communicative practices. Arguing that there is a need to situate localized workplace interactions in changing frames and task structures, the article demonstrates how interactional sociolinguistics might serve this purpose. It goes on to review theoretical developments on the materiality of language to revisit traditional concerns about social structure and communicative interactions, develop a more expansive orientation to repertoires, and demonstrate how interactional analysis might adopt suitable units and categories of analysis. It then describes how this framework explains the different outcomes for language diversity in the contributing articles—ranging from inequality to solidarity, marginalization to inclusivity, and misunderstandings to intelligibility—in workplace interactions.
Protocol for a single patient therapy plan: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled N‐of‐1 trial to assess the efficacy of cannabidiol in patients with intractable epilepsy
Authors: Ong Katherine S , Carlin John B , Fahey Michael , Freeman Jeremy L , Scheffer Ingrid E , Gillam Lynn , Anderson Monique , Huque Md Hamidul , Legge Donna , Dirnbauer Nicole , Lilley Brian , Slota‐Kan Simon , Cranswick Noel 
Published: September 2020

AimThis paper describes the use of the single patient therapy plan (SPTP). The SPTP has been designed to assess the efficacy at an individual level of a commercially available cannabinoid product, cannabidiol, in reducing seizure frequency in paediatric patients with intractable epilepsy.MethodsThe SPTP is a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled N‐of‐1 trial designed to assess the efficacy of treatment in a neurology outpatient setting. The primary objective of the SPTP is to assess the efficacy of cannabidiol in reducing seizure frequency in each patient with intractable epilepsy, with change in seizure frequency being the primary outcome of interest.The analysis adopts a Bayesian approach, which provides results in the form of posterior probabilities that various levels of benefit (based on the primary outcome measure, seizure frequency) have been achieved under active treatment compared to placebo, accompanied by decision rules that provide thresholds for deciding whether treatment has been successful in the individual patient.The SPTP arrangement is most accurately considered part of clinical practice rather than research, since it is aimed at making clinical treatment decisions for individual patients and is not testing a hypothesis or collecting aggregate data. Therefore, Human Research Ethics Committee approval was considered not to be required, although it is recommended that hospital Clinical Ethics Committees provide ethical oversight.Conclusion: These SPTP resources are made available so that they may inform clinical practice in the treatment of severe epilepsy or adapted for use in other conditions.