bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Headache at Binocular Vision Clinic: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Alrasheed Saif Hassan 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To assess the clinical characteristics of patients presenting with headache at binocular vision clinic.Place and Duration of Study: Al-Neelain eye hospital, Sudan, from February to October 2018.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Material and Methods: One hundred fifty patients with history of headache were included in study. Dissociated heterophoria was measured using Maddox Wing and Maddox Rod. Associated heterophoria was assessed by the Mallett unit fixation disparity and fusional vergence was measured using a prism bar. The relationship between measures was determined using the chi-squared analysis. For all statistical determinations, significance levels were set at p < 0.05.Results: Mean age was 25 ± 3.5 years. Femalesconstituted 78% and headache was significantly associated with females (P < 0.0001). Majority of patients (82%)presented with exophoria (mean = 4.74 ± 0.75 Δ Base-In) at near fixation, 10.7% were orthophoric and7.34percentage were esophoric (mean = 3.24 ± 0.5 Δ Base-Out). The association between near heterophoria andheadache was statically significant (χ2 = 7.426; p = 0.001). Association between distance heterophoria andheadache was not statistically significant (χ2 = 22.172; p = 0.265). The association between headache andpositive fusional vergence at near fixation was statically significant (p = 0.03). Leading cause of headache wasconvergence weakness exophoria (39.3%; p = 0.001), followed by convergence insufficiency (24%; p = 0.02).Conclusion: Headache was more common in females and was associated with exophoria, convergenceinsufficiency and inadequate positive fusional vergence at near fixation
Are freely chosen actions generated by stimulus codes or effect codes?
Authors: Janczyk Markus , Naefgen Christoph , Kunde Wilfried 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA long-standing debate revolves around which mental codes allow humans to control behavior. The internal stimulus model (going back to Rudolf Hermann Lotze) proposes that behavior is controlled by codes of stimuli that had previously preceded corresponding motor activities. The internal effect model (going back to Emil Harleß) proposes that behavior is controlled by codes of perceptual effects that had previously resulted from corresponding motor activities. Here, we present a test of these two control models. We observed evidence for both models with stronger evidence for the internal stimulus model. We suggest that the proposed experimental setup might be a useful tool to study the relative strengths of stimulus control and effect control of behavior in various contexts.
Representación social y formas de aproximación didácticas y éticas al cine por maestros: una exploración con palabras, creencias, estrategias e imágenes
Authors: Ramírez Beltrán Rafael Tonatiuh 
Published: July 2020

El presente reporte de investigación es un estudio exploratorio con metodología cualitativa, en el que los sujetos de estudio fueron maestros de educación superior. Tiene como objetivo encontrar datos significativos para la elaboración de una estrategia que posibilite trabajar principios y valores en el salón de clase desde una propuesta innovadora de ver el cine.
La investigación se realizó en abril del 2008, en el marco de la elaboración de un Manual de cine y educación. Trabaja sobre las opiniones y creencias de los informantes en partes conceptuales, de conocimientos y saberes de los profesores sobre la ética, la educación, el cine y las estrategias didácticas.
Twin Jets and Close Binary Formation
Authors: Saiki Yu , Machida Masahiro N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The formation of a close binary system is investigated using a three-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation. Starting from a prestellar cloud, the cloud evolution is calculated until ∼400 yr after protostar formation. Fragmentation occurs in the gravitationally collapsing cloud, and two fragments evolve into protostars. The protostars orbit each other and a protobinary system appears. A wide-angle low-velocity outflow emerges from the circumbinary streams that enclose two protostars, while each protostar episodically drives high-velocity jets. Thus, the two high-velocity jets are surrounded by the low-velocity circumbinary outflow. The speed of the jets exceeds ≳100

. Although the jets have a collimated structure, they are swung back on the small scale and are tangled at the large scale due to the binary orbital motion. A circumstellar disk also appears around each protostar. In the early main accretion phase, the binary orbit is complicated, while the binary separation is within <30 au. For the first time, all the characteristics of protobinary systems recently observed with large telescopes are reproduced in a numerical simulation.
“Vous verrez, vous allez arriver à gérer ça…”
Authors: Petry Iris , Vaquié-Quazza Dominique 
Published: July 2020

Dans cet article, je décris mon travail en tant qu’analyste transactionnelle dans le domaine de la supervision d’équipes de professionnels du champ sanitaire et social. Je le fais à partir de trois exemples : l’un concernant un cas de harcèlement, l’autre relatant un cas d’agression sexuelle, et enfin le dernier concernant un problème de blessures corporelles, toutes ces agressions ayant été commises par des personnes faisant partie du public pris en charge par ces professionnels. A travers ces vignettes cliniques, je présente ma méthode de travail et la façon dont j’utilise les concepts de Transfert/Contre-transfert, de Redéfinitions, de Méconnaissances, de Permission/Puissance/Protection. J’estime qu’il est de mon devoir d’attirer l’attention des équipes et des organisations sur les mesures de protection des salariés et de traitement des traumatismes liés à ces situations. Ce qui m’apparaît particulièrement être le nœud du conflit dans ce secteur d’activité, c’est le fait que les compétences relationnelles des salariés sont en même temps considérées comme des compétences professionnelles.
The Role of Autoimmunity-Related Gene CLEC16A in the B Cell Receptor–Mediated HLA Class II Pathway
Authors: Rijvers Liza , Melief Marie-José , van Langelaar Jamie , van der Vuurst de Vries Roos M. , Wierenga-Wolf Annet F. , Koetzier Steven C. , Priatel John J. , Jorritsma Tineke , van Ham S. Marieke , Hintzen Rogier Q. , van Luijn Marvin M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C-type lectin CLEC16A is located next to CIITA, the master transcription factor of HLA class II (HLA-II), at a susceptibility locus for several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We previously found that CLEC16A promotes the biogenesis of HLA-II peptide-loading compartments (MIICs) in myeloid cells. Given the emerging role of B cells as APCs in these diseases, in this study, we addressed whether and how CLEC16A is involved in the BCR-dependent HLA-II pathway. CLEC16A was coexpressed with surface class II–associated invariant chain peptides (CLIP) in human EBV-positive and not EBV-negative B cell lines. Stable knockdown of CLEC16A in EBV-positive Raji B cells resulted in an upregulation of surface HLA-DR and CD74 (invariant chain), whereas CLIP was slightly but significantly reduced. In addition, IgM-mediated Salmonella uptake was decreased, and MIICs were less clustered in CLEC16A-silenced Raji cells, implying that CLEC16A controls both HLA-DR/CD74 and BCR/Ag processing in MIICs. In primary B cells, CLEC16A was only induced under CLIP-stimulating conditions in vitro and was predominantly expressed in CLIPhigh naive populations. Finally, CLIP-loaded HLA-DR molecules were abnormally enriched, and coregulation with CLEC16A was abolished in blood B cells of patients who rapidly develop MS. These findings demonstrate that CLEC16A participates in the BCR-dependent HLA-II pathway in human B cells and that this regulation is impaired during MS disease onset. The abundance of CLIP already on naive B cells of MS patients may point to a chronically induced stage and a new mechanism underlying B cell–mediated autoimmune diseases such as MS.
Objective Structured Clinical Examination Tests: Comparison with Traditional Clinical Examinations in Surgery
Authors: Ojuka Daniel , Elly Nyaim , Dan Kiptoon , Peter Ndaguatha 
Published: July 2020

Background: Examination methods change over time, and audits are useful for quality assurance and improvement. Objective: Comparison of traditional clinical test and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in a department of surgery.
Methods: Examination records of results of the fifth year MBChB examinations for 2012–2013 (traditional) and 2014–2015 (OSCE) were analyzed. Using 50% as the pre-agreed pass mark, the pass rate for the clinical examinations in each year was calculated and these figures were subjected to t-test to determine any significant differences in each year and in type of clinical test. P value of <0.05 determined significant statistical differences in the test score.
Results: We analyzed 1178 results; most (55.6%) did OSCE. The average clinical scores examinations were 59.7% for traditional vs 60.1% for OSCE examination; basic surgical skills were positively skewed.
Conclusion: OSCE in the same setting of teaching and examiners may give more marks than the traditional clinical examination, but it is better at detecting areas of inadequacies for emphasis in teaching.
Keywords: Clinical examination, Traditional, OSCE, Comparison
Technique of Midline Abdominal Incision Closure Among Surgical Trainees
Authors: Muturi Alex , Vihar Kotecha , Ann Pulei , Philip Maseghe 
Published: July 2020

Background: Technique of anterior abdominal wall closure (AAWC) determines wound-related surgical complications. Residents in obstetrics and gynecology and surgery departments perform most midline abdominal wall closure; data is lacking on how it is being done. This study identifies abdominal wall closure techniques used.
Methods: A descriptive study was carried out from October 2015 to May 2016.
Results: 71 (35 surgical, 36 ObGyn) residents completed a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge of midline abdominal closure was acquired from medical officers (58.6%) or consultants before residency (28.6%). Absorbable suture was preferred for clean wounds by 75% of residents; 70% used size 1 suture for fascial closure. Most residents (95.7%) closed fascia in clean wound by continuous suturing. Interrupted suturing was preferred in contaminated and dirty wounds. Half of the residents in both groups would close skin in contaminated wounds, while 16% of surgery and 9.4% ObGyn will close skin in dirty wounds.
Conclusion: Inconsistencies exist in anterior abdominal wall closure between groups of residents despite presence of clear guidelines. It is important to harmonize training on AAWC at the tertiary hospital.
Keywords: Abdominal closure, Midline incision, Wound complications
Antimicrobial activity of <i>Moringa oleifera</i>: A short review
Authors: Raubilu I.A. , Isah U. , Ahmad M.A. 
Published: July 2020

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is well – known for its various medicinal properties. It grows wild in the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. In Nigeria, Moringa oleifera trees are planted at a large scale especially in the northern part of the country. It has been widely used in the treatment of certain diseases as a traditional medicinal herb. Antimicrobial activity is the most studied property of Moringa oleifera. Many studies have shown that nearly all types of Moringa oleifera tissues exhibit antimicrobial activity including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti parasitic property. This review describes progress on research conducted to understand the antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera and discusses the potential use of Moringa oleifera in the control of pathogenic microbes.
Key words: Antimicrobial activity; Moringa oleifera; pathogenic microbes, control.
An assessment of sex, school type and retention ability in basic technology achievement among senior secondary school students
Authors: Uchegbue Henrietta O , Amalu Melvina N. 
Published: July 2020

Given the laudable purposes attached to study of Basic Technology in JSS, it is therefore important that students retain the skills and knowledge acquired in the course of studying the subject in the school. However, sadly, the intended effect Basic Technology as a subject in the secondary school system should have, has not been seen in the generation of able manpower readily employable for the economy. The study investigated the difference between the retention ability of male and female senior secondary students in Basic Technology, and how school type (public/private) influence retention. Two research hypotheses were formulated for the purpose of the study. The research design used in carrying out this study is Ex–post facto design. This study covered the Southern Educational Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised all senior secondary school three (SS3) students in the government-owned secondary schools and private-owned secondary schools in the southern educational zone of Cross River State. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling technique. The sample size for this study was 487 senior secondary school three (SS3) students drawn from fourteen schools in seven local government areas of southern educational zone. The research instrument used in the study is the achievement test. The statistical analyses techniques adopted to analyze the data collected were dependent t-test and independent t-test respectively. Findings of the study showed that there is no significant difference in retention between males and females, public and private schools in senior secondary school in Basic Technology. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made which include that there is a need to focus on the female folks in the execution of national policy on education. This study shows that the female folk arecapable of achieving and retaining as much the male folks during learning. Much effort should be made by the government to bridge the disparity between male and female folks in enrolment into and completion of the secondary school education.
Keywords: gender, retention ability, achievement, technology, school type
Effect of module variation on a 100watt horizontal axis wind turbine spur gear drive
Authors: Ayadju G. , Efebomo K. 
Published: July 2020

Spur gears are simple to design and construct to actualize their usage in power transmission as well as for speed reduction or increase. The aim of this research work is to determine the effect of module variation on a 100Watt horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) spur gear drive. The solution is to determine and appropriately select gear parameter values based on design considerations and the significance is for enhanced machine reliability and balance with economic production. The method used involved the application of gear design principles, modelling the gears with AutoCAD, module variation and evaluation of induced bending stress at the gears root; gear diameter, tooth thickness and face width become bigger with choosing higher modules for cutting tooth size, with the largest diameter of 168.4mm and 80mm for driver and driven gear respectively and face width of 60mm from using a module of 6mm. Although, the total torque exerted remains constant at 7.9Nm and 3.8Nm for a 100W HAWT. The tangential force in meshed operation of the gears and induced bending stress kept reducing as module increased. The highest tangential force is 282.4N and corresponding induced bending stress is 26.1N/mm2 based on American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) standard and the range of data analyzed, at the lowest module of 2mm. Selecting lower modules means that higher bending stresses will be induced at the gears root, but smaller production cost and more compact system with less space requirement. The lower bending stresses with increasing module will support higher load capacity of the gears due to the increasing face width and enhance the reliability of the HAWT in respect of its performance.
Keywords: Module, Spur Gear, Power Transmission, Bending Stress, Wind Turbine
Spatio-temporal analysis of urban sprawl and land use / land cover changes in a suburb of Lagos and Ogun metropolises, Nigeria (1986-2014)
Authors: Adedeji O.H. , Adeofun C.O. , Tope-Ajayi O.O. , Ogunkola M.O. 
Published: July 2020

Urban sprawl and land use / land cover changes in a suburb of Lagos, Nigeria were assessed using Landsat TM 1984 and 2000 and Landsat OLI of 2014. Five broad land use and land cover classes i.e. built-up area, bare ground, water body, thick forest and light forest were identified and mapped. Thick forest had the largest coverage of 8537.72 hectares (67.52%) of the land cover while built-up was just 1075.99 hectares (8.51 %).Between 1984 and 2014 built up areas gained 6423.38 hectares (59.31 % increase) compared to 8612.09 hectares loss by thick forest cover. A post-classification change analysis from 1984 to 2014 reveals that thick and light forest types had the highest net losses because of conversion to other uses, especially built-up. Urbanization and subsequent urban sprawl is a major factor of land degradation leading to rapid losses of non-urban land uses, especially in the urban fringes.
Keywords: Land use/land cover change; change detection; remote sensing; GIS; urbanisation
A survey of farmers’ education and activities in Oyo West Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Okunlola O.O. , Owoade O.A. 
Published: July 2020

The low agricultural productivity level of farmers in Nigeria has been partly attributed to their low educational level relative to their counterparts in the developed nations. This study was therefore conducted to find out farmers’ education and their agricultural activities in Oyo–West Local Government Area (LGA) of Oyo State. Multi–stage sampling technique was adopted for the survey. The survey area was divided into two zones, and each zone divided into five quarters making 10 quarters in all, and a total of 100 questionnaires were administered. The data were processed and subjected to descriptive analysis using frequency count and simple percentages. From the results obtained, all the respondents had a minimum of primary education but 68% of them didn’t have formal training in agriculture. Also, the study revealed that 90% of the respondents were visited by extension agents on a yearly basis while 60% claimed extension services had positive effects on their farming activities. Also, 84% of the respondents claimed education enhanced access to finance, market and information. The paper concluded that education can make farmers better and take them out of subsistence agriculture. The paper then recommended well structured extension services by the use of mass media, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and adult literacy classes for uneducated farmers.
Keywords: farmers, education, farming activities, Oyo West LGA
Comparative agronomic effectiveness of two agrowastes and NPK fertilizer on the performance of Amaranthus caudatus
Authors: Omotoso S.O. , Salami A.E. 
Published: July 2020

Production of agricultural wastes is increasing while soils are progressively losing organic matter due to intensive cultivation and climatic conditions. This makes the recycling of organic wastes a useful alternative to incineration, landfill or rubbish dumps. The effects of two agro- wastes and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of leaf amaranth were assessed in a pot experiment at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. Treatments consisted of poultry manure (PM) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) each applied at 8 and 16MT/ha while NPK 15-15-15 was applied at 150, 200kgha-1 and no fertilizer as control. Seeds of amaranthus caudatus variety were sown in plastic pot (50x20x40cm) containing 20kg top soil. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Data were taken on plant height, stem girth, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, edible yield and above ground plant weight at 6 weeks after planting. The results revealed that the agrowastes significantly (p<0.05) resulted in better performance of leaf amaranth. Application of 16MT/ha PM gave the highest fresh and edible weight of 211.23 and 98.80g respectively. POME also performed better than NPK fertilizer in some of the parameters measured. This indicated that PM and POME could serves as an alternative sources of nutrient to mineral fertilizer for leaf amaranth and also a sustainable fertility management strategy for crop production.
Keywords: amaranth, palm oil mill effluent, organic fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, utilization
Factors contributing to the consumption of bushmeat in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogundimu O.A. , Oduntan O.O. 
Published: July 2020

This paper x-rays the factors that contribute to the consumption of bushmeat in Odeda Local Government Area (LGA) of Ogun State, Nigeria. Questionnaires were used in collecting primary data from four communities in the Local Government Area. Each community represents one of the four divisional districts recognized by the Odeda LGA headquarter for administrative functions. Fifty questionnaires were randomly administered in each of the four communities, making a total of 200 questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency table and pie chart, regression and chi Square. Gender was the only variable that significantly (p<0.10; r=0.54) contributed to the consumption of bushmeat in the study area. Chi square analysis revealed a relationship (p<0.99; X2=3.202) between sex of respondents and consumption of bushmeat in the study area.
Keywords: Determinant factors, Consumption, Bushmeat, Odeda Local Government Area
Analysis of entrepreneurial behaviour of women farmers in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Osondu C.K. 
Published: July 2020

This study analysed entrepreneurial behaviour of women farmers in Abia state, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 120 women farmers from whom data were collected using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, entrepreneurial behaviour index and ordinary least square (OLS) regression technique were used to analyse data. Results showed that mean age, household size, farming experience and farm size of the women farmers were 44 years, 6 persons, 16 years and 0.6 hectares respectively. Mean entrepreneurial behaviour index of the women farmers was 44.34. The OLS regression result with double-log as lead equation posted an R2 value of 0.6392 and revealed that age, educational level, extension contact, farm income, membership to cooperative society and profit motive were significant determinants of entrepreneurial behaviour of women farmers. Majority of the women farmers had high input cost, difficulty in getting loan, land procurement issues and lack of requisite support from research institutions as constraints to their entrepreneurial engagements. The study recommends that state and local governments should make policies and establish programmes that will promote entrepreneurial skills of women farmers, curb unemployment and alleviate poverty among women.
Keywords: Behaviour index, entrepreneurial behaviour, entrepreneurship, women farmers