bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis bZIP11 Is a Susceptibility Factor During Pseudomonas syringae Infection
Authors: Prior Matthew J. , Selvanayagam Jebasingh , Kim Jung-Gun , Tomar Monika , Jonikas Martin , Mudgett Mary Beth , Smeekens Sjef , Hanson Johannes , Frommer Wolf B. 
Published: January 2021

The induction of plant nutrient secretion systems is critical for successful pathogen infection. Some bacterial pathogens (e.g., Xanthomonas spp.) use transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors to induce transcription of SWEET sucrose efflux transporters. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 lacks TAL effectors yet is able to induce multiple SWEETs in Arabidopsis thaliana by unknown mechanisms. Because bacteria require other nutrients in addition to sugars for efficient reproduction, we hypothesized that Pseudomonas spp. may depend on host transcription factors involved in secretory programs to increase access to essential nutrients. Bioinformatic analyses identified the Arabidopsis basic-leucine zipper transcription factor bZIP11 as a potential regulator of nutrient transporters, including SWEETs and UmamiT amino acid transporters. Inducible downregulation of bZIP11 expression in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced growth of P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000, whereas inducible overexpression of bZIP11 resulted in increased bacterial growth, supporting the hypothesis that bZIP11-regulated transcription programs are essential for maximal pathogen titer in leaves. Our data are consistent with a model in which a pathogen alters host transcription factor expression upstream of secretory transcription networks to promote nutrient efflux from host cells. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The role of diet in hyperuricemia and gout
Authors: Yokose Chio , McCormick Natalie , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
Although gout's cardinal feature is inflammatory arthritis, it is closely associated with insulin resistance and considered a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. As such, both gout and hyperuricemia are often associated with major cardiometabolic and renal comorbidities that drive the persistently elevated premature mortality rates among gout patients. To that end, conventional low-purine (i.e., low-protein) dietary advice given to many patients with gout warrant reconsideration.

Recent findings
Recent research suggests that several healthy diets, such as the Mediterranean or Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, in combination with weight loss for those who are overweight or obese, can drastically improve cardiometabolic risk factors and outcomes. By treating gout as a part of the metabolic syndrome and shifting our dietary recommendations to these healthy dietary patterns, the beneficial effects on gout endpoints should naturally follow for the majority of typical gout cases, mediated through changes in insulin resistance.

Summary
Dietary recommendations for the management of hyperuricemia and gout should be approached holistically, taking into consideration its associated cardiometabolic comorbidities. Several healthy dietary patterns, many with similar themes, can be tailored to suit comorbidity profiles and personal preferences.
Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations may be associated with increased postdischarge mortality in patients with myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery
Authors: Oh Ah Ran , Park Jungchan , Lee Seung-Hwa , Kim Jihoon , Lee Jong Hwan , Min Jeong Jin , Kwon Ji-hye , Hyeon Cheol Won , Yang Kwangmo , Choi Jin-ho , Lee Sang-Chol , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is one of the most common cardiovascular complications associated with mortality and morbidity during the first 2 years after surgery. However, the relevant variables associated with mortality after discharge in patients with MINS have not been fully investigated.

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the association between persistent inflammation detected by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) at discharge and postdischarge mortality after MINS.

DESIGN
Retrospective observational analysis of acquired data from Samsung Medical Center Troponin in Noncardiac Operation (SMC-TINCO) registry.

SETTING
A tertiary hospital from January 2010 to June 2019.

PATIENTS
Patients who were discharged alive after a diagnosis of MINS.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary endpoint was postdischarge 1-year mortality, and 30-day mortality and the mortality from 30 days to 1 year was also compared.

RESULTS
Data from a total of 4545 adult patients were divided into two groups according to hsCRP concentration at discharge. There were 757 (16.7%) patients in the normal hsCRP group and 3788 (83.3%) patients in the elevated hsCRP group. After inverse probability weighting, 1-year mortality was significantly higher in the elevated group than the normal group (hazard ratio 1.93, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.57, P
< 0.001). Thirty-day mortality and the mortality from 30 days to 1 year were also increased in the elevated group.

CONCLUSION
In patients with MINS, an elevated hsCRP concentration at discharge appeared to be associated with increased mortality. Further research is needed to determine whether controlling inflammation can be helpful in reducing mortality.
The effects of preoperative moderate to severe anaemia on length of hospital stay
Authors: Bulte Carolien S.E. , Boer Christa , Hemmes Sabrine N.T. , Serpa Neto Ary , Binnekade Jan M. , Hedenstierna Goran , Jaber Samir , Hiesmayr Michael , Hollmann Markus W. , Mills Gary H. , Vidal Melo Marcos F. , Pearse Rupert M. , Putensen Christian , Schmid Werner , Severgnini Paolo , Wrigge Hermann , Gama de Abreu Marcelo , Pelosi Paolo , Schultz Marcus J. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
Anaemia is frequently recorded during preoperative screening and has been suggested to affect outcomes after surgery negatively.

OBJECTIVES
The objectives were to assess the frequency of moderate to severe anaemia and its association with length of hospital stay.

DESIGN
Post hoc analysis of the international observational prospective ‘Local ASsessment of VEntilatory management during General Anaesthesia for Surgery’ (LAS VEGAS) study.

PATIENTS AND SETTING
The current analysis included adult patients requiring general anaesthesia for non-cardiac surgery. Preoperative anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin concentration of 11 g dl−1 or lower, thus including moderate and severe anaemia according to World Health Organisation criteria.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included hospital mortality, intra-operative adverse events and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).

RESULTS
Haemoglobin concentrations were available for 8264 of 9864 patients. Preoperative moderate to severe anaemia was present in 7.7% of patients. Multivariable analysis showed that preoperative moderate to severe anaemia was associated with an increased length of hospital stay with a mean difference of 1.3 ((95% CI 0.8 to 1.8) days; P < .001). In the propensity-matched analysis, this association remained present, median 4.0 [IQR 1.0 to 5.0] vs. 2.0 [IQR 0.0 to 5.0] days, P = .001. Multivariable analysis showed an increased in-hospital mortality (OR 2.9 (95% CI 1.1 to 7.5); P
= .029), and higher incidences of intra-operative hypotension (36.3 vs. 25.3%; P < .001) and PPCs (17.1 vs. 10.5%; P = .001) in moderately to severely anaemic patients. However, this was not confirmed in the propensity score-matched analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
In this international cohort of non-cardiac surgical patients, preoperative moderate to severe anaemia was associated with a longer duration of hospital stay but not increased intra-operative complications, PPCs or in-hospital mortality.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
The LAS VEGAS study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223.
Generic versus reference listed ropivacaine for peripheral nerve blockade
Authors: Opfermann Philipp , Marhofer Peter , Hopkins Philip M. , Columb Malachy O. , Zadrazil Markus , Stimpfl Thomas , Marhofer Melanie , Zeitlinger Markus 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
Generic drug preparations do not require the same degree of scrutiny as the originally licensed preparation before they can be approved for clinical use. The permitted tolerance limits for bioequivalent preparations might be associated with clinically relevant differences for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, such as local anaesthetics.

OBJECTIVE
We compared pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of generic and reference listed or original preparations of ropivacaine.

DESIGN
The current healthy volunteer study used a randomised, triple-blinded, cross-over equivalence design.

SETTING
Tertiary university hospital, Medical University of Vienna.

SUBJECTS
Healthy male volunteers (N=18) aged 18 to 60 years.

INTERVENTIONS
A series of three ultrasound-guided ulnar nerve blocks separated by at least 6 days were carried out on each volunteer. Reference listed ropivacaine (NaropinTM) was used for two blocks and a generic preparation of ropivacaine was used for the other block. Sensory block onset and duration were evaluated using loss of pinprick sensation.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Duration of sensory block was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included time-to-onset of sensory block, ropivacaine pharmacokinetics from venous blood samples and pH of the preparations. Equivalence was evaluated using the ratios of means and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of log transformed data.

RESULTS
Equivalence was demonstrated for the primary outcome measure, the duration of sensory block [original : generic ratio 1.01 (90% CI 0.87 to 1.16); P < 0.007] and all pharmacokinetic variables. Equivalence could not be concluded for time-to-onset of sensory block [reference : generic ratio 0.80 (90% CI 0.63 to 1.03); P = 0.27], although reproducibility of this variable using our experimental model was lower than for other variables. The generic preparation was significantly more alkaline [difference 0.06 pH units (95% CI 0.04 to 0.07); P < 0.0001].

CONCLUSION
Our finding of equivalence for sensory block duration and key pharmacokinetic variables between a generic and original preparation of ropivacaine is reassuring. The significant, but small, difference in pH is not clinically important.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
EudraCT 2019-003148-61, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS 00017750).
Ultrasound-guided versus conventional lung recruitment manoeuvres in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery
Authors: Park Sun-Kyung , Yang Hyojun , Yoo Seokha , Kim Won Ho , Lim Young-Jin , Bahk Jae-Hyon , Kim Jin-Tae 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
Pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg position promote the formation of pulmonary atelectasis during laparoscopic gynaecological surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether lung ultrasound-guided alveolar recruitment manoeuvres could reduce peri-operative atelectasis compared with conventional recruitment manoeuvres during laparoscopic gynaecological surgery.

DESIGN
Randomised controlled trial.

SETTING
Tertiary hospital, Republic of Korea, from August 2018 to January 2019.

PATIENTS
Adult patients scheduled for laparoscopic gynaecological surgery under general anaesthesia.

INTERVENTION
Forty patients were randomised to receive either ultrasound-guided recruitment manoeuvres (manual inflation until no visibly collapsed area was seen with lung ultrasonography; intervention group) or conventional recruitment manoeuvres (single manual inflation with 30 cmH2O pressure; control group). Recruitment manoeuvres were performed 5 min after induction and at the end of surgery in both groups. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 8 ml kg−1 and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the lung ultrasound score at the end of surgery; a higher score indicates worse lung aeration.

RESULTS
Lung ultrasound scores at the end of surgery were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with control group (median [IQR], 7.5 [6.5 to 8.5] versus 9.5 [8.5 to 13.5]; difference, −2 [95% CI, −4.5 to −1]; P = 0.008). The intergroup difference persisted in the postanaesthesia care unit (7 [5 to 8.8] versus 10 [7.3 to 12.8]; difference, −3 [95% CI, −5.5 to −1.5]; P = 0.005). The incidence of atelectasis was lower in the intervention group compared with control group at the end of surgery (35 versus 80%; P = 0.010) but was comparable in the postanaesthesia care unit (40 versus 55%; P = 0.527).

CONCLUSIONS
The use of ultrasound-guided recruitment manoeuvres improves peri-operative lung aeration; these effects may persist in the postanaesthesia care unit. However, the long-term effects of ultrasound-guided recruitment manoeuvres on clinical outcomes should be the subject of future trials.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03607240).
Comparative Evaluation of Rebound and Perkins Tonometers in Pediatric Glaucoma With Varied Corneal Characteristics
Authors: Angmo Dewang , Ramesh Priyanka , Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Azmira Kishan , Pandey Shivam , Gupta Viney , Sihota Ramanjit , Dada Tanuj 
Published: January 2021

Precis:
Icare tonometer overestimated intraocular pressure (IOP) as compared with Perkins and this variation was higher in IOP>19 mm Hg and corneal opacity in patients with pediatric glaucoma.

Purpose:
To compare the IOP measured by Icare ic200 with Perkins tonometer in pediatric glaucoma with different corneal characteristics.

Methods:
Patients of pediatric glaucoma posted for routine examination under anesthesia, age below 12 years were enrolled. All patients underwent IOP measurement with Perkins and Icare ic200 tonometer by the same observer. Basic demographic data and other relevant clinical data were recorded. Central corneal thickness (CCT), horizontal corneal diameter, and corneal characteristics such as cornea clarity was recorded.

Results:
A total of 194 eyes of 105 patients were analyzed. The difference between Perkins and Icare IOP was −0.816 mm Hg with the Bland-Altman plot 95% limits of agreement (LoA) from −11.194 to 9.562 mm Hg and 5.1% (10) values lying outside LoA. At IOP <19 mm Hg, the difference was −0.65 mm Hg and IOP ≥19 mm Hg, the difference was higher, −1.12 mm Hg. In the clear cornea group (123 eyes), the difference in IOP by 2 tonometers was −0.776 mm Hg with the Bland-Altman plot 95% LoA between −10.679 and 9.128 mm Hg. In hazy corneas (36 eyes), the difference in IOP was 0.531 mm Hg. The Bland-Altman plot showed 95% LoA between −6.242 and 7.303 mm Hg. In the scarred cornea group (35 eyes), the difference in IOP between the 2 was −2.343 mm Hg and the Bland-Altman plot showed wide 95% LoA from −16.302 to 11.616 mm Hg.

Conclusion:
Icare tonometer overestimated IOP as compared with Perkins and this variation was higher in eyes with IOP≥19 mm Hg, CCT >615 μm, and scarred corneas. A moderate correlation between IOP and CCT for both tonometers was noted.
Factors Associated With and Characteristic of HIV/Tuberculosis Co-Infection: A Retrospective Analysis of SECOND-LINE Clinical Trial Participants
Authors: Henry Rebecca T. , Jiamsakul Awachana , Law Matthew , Losso Marcelo , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Phanuphak Praphan , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Foulkes Sharne , Mohapi Lerato , Nwizu Chidi , Wood Robin , Kelleher Anthony , Polizzotto Mark ,   On behalf of the SECOND-LINE Study Group
Published: January 2021

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection in people living with HIV. However, the risk factors for HIV/TB co-infection in second-line HIV therapy are poorly understood. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for TB co-infection in SECOND-LINE, an international randomized clinical trial of second-line HIV therapy.

Methods:
We did a cohort analysis of TB cases in SECOND-LINE. TB cases included any clinical or laboratory-confirmed diagnoses and/or commencement of treatment for TB after randomization. Baseline factors associated with TB were analyzed using Cox regression stratified by site.

Results:
TB cases occurred at sites in Argentina, India, Malaysia, Nigeria, South Africa, and Thailand, in a cohort of 355 of the 541 SECOND-LINE participants. Overall, 20 cases of TB occurred, an incidence rate of 3.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.1 to 5.1). Increased TB risk was associated with a low CD4+-cell count (≤200 cells/μL), high viral load (>200 copies/mL), low platelet count (<150 ×109/L), and low total serum cholesterol (≤4.5 mmol/L) at baseline. An increased risk of death was associated with TB, adjusted for CD4, platelets, and cholesterol. A low CD4+-cell count was significantly associated with incident TB, mortality, other AIDS diagnoses, and virologic failure.

Discussion:
The risk of TB remains elevated in PLHIV in the setting of second-line HIV therapy in TB endemic regions. TB was associated with a greater risk of death. Finding that low CD4+ T-cell count was significantly associated with poor outcomes in this population supports the value of CD4+ monitoring in HIV clinical management.
Genetic Diversity ofDianthusPlants Revealed by SRAP Markers
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Jian , Shi Gensheng , Hao Huazheng , Ji Zhongrui , Lai Zhongxiong , Xing Guoming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDianthusis a valuable genetic resource for flower breeding. However, study on the genetic similarity ofDianthusplants is rare. In this work, 20 pairs of SRAP markers were used to analyze genetic diversity of 44Dianthusplants, including 13 lines of wildDianthus chinensisL., 7 lines of wildDianthus superbusL. and 24 commercial varieties includingDianthus caryophyllusL.,Dianthus plumariusL. andDianthus barbatusL.. Results showed that precise interspecific and intraspecific genetic diversity was provided inDianthusplants by using 20 pairs of SRAP molecular markers. The interspecific genetic diversity ofDianthusplants was much abundant and the intraspecific genetic difference of wildDianthusspecies was related to their geographical distribution and habitats. In this work, theoretical basis and technical support were provided for crossbreeding and molecular mechanism research ofDianthusplants.
ANTIBIOFILM FORMATION ACTIVITY, RESISTANT GENES PROFILING AND DETECTION OF VIRULENCE FACTORS OF TOXIGENICVibrio choleraeISOLATES FROM KISUMU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Awuor Silas O. , Eric Omwenga O. , Daud Ibrahim I. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionVibrio choleraecan switch between motile and biofilm lifestyles with some of its strains forming biofilms in addition to production of various virulence traits and possessing antimicrobial resistance traits. This study is aim to show antibiofilm formation activity, resistant genes profiling and detection of virulence factors of toxigenicvibrio choleraeisolates from Kisumu County.MethodologyA total of 119Vibrio choleraeO1, biotype El Tor isolates collected during 2017 cholera outbreak in Kisumu County were used for this study. The samples were cultured on TCBS and PCR assay carried out using standard procedures. Biofilm assay tests and detection of virulence factors were also done by use of standard procedures.ResultsOf the 101 confirmedvibrio choleraeisolates, 80.2% possessed the cholera toxin gene (ctxA) whereas 19.8% did not. Analysis of thetoxRgene revealed that 98.0% harbored thetoxRgene and only 2.0% did not. It was also revealed that 80.2% harbored the class I integron (inDSgene) while 19.8% did not, 93.1% were confirmed to possess the SXT integrating conjugative element (ICE) while 7.0% did not. The tetracycline resistance gene was present in 96.0% of the isolates. In 7 isolants strains which were resistance to common used antibiotics were screened for biofilm formation. Three of the strains (04/17-07, 06/17-14, and05/17-03) failed to form biofilm while four strains namely03/17-16, 02/17-09, 04/17-13andP. aeruginosaATCC 10145 as a positive control formed biofilms. In addition, out of those 7 isolants 71.42% produced protease, 85.71% produced phospholipases, 71.42% of isolates has the ability to produce lipase and 100% were able to produce the haemolysin.ConclusionAn understanding of this intricate signaling pathway is essential for the development of methods to treat and prevent this devastating disease.
Selection of popcorn genotypes tolerant toSpodoptera frugiperdaand key traits related to the identification of tolerance
Authors: Kuroda Amanda Tami , Rosa Jocimar Costa , de Almeida Luiz Felipe Antunes , Lago Garcia Giovana Dal , Demitto Gustavo Arana , de Souza Renata Maria Bento , de Albuquerque Fernando Alves , Scapim Carlos Alberto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTheSpodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most deleterious pests of popcorn and the identification of tolerant genotypes is determinant in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to select popcorn genotypes tolerant toS. frugiperdaand the key traits related to the identification of tolerance. The popcorn varieties UEM J1, Composto Márcia, Arachida, Composto Gaúcho and Zapalote Chico (resistant check) were evaluated in a completely randomized design with 100 replications. The experimental unit consisted of one Petri dish, containing plant material and a larva. The following traits were evaluated: larval stage duration (LSt), food intake weight (IW), final larva weight (FW), mean larva weight (MW), feces (F), assimilated (A) and metabolized food weight (M), relative consumption rate (RCR), relative metabolic rate (RMR), relative growth rate (RGR), conversion efficiency of ingested food (CEI), apparent digestibility (AD), conversion efficiency of digested food (CED) and leaf area consumed (LAC). The diagnosis of multicollinearity, analysis of canonical variables, genetic divergence, hierarchical clustering, factor analysis and canonical correspondence analysis were carried out to perform multivariate analysis. After the multicollinearity test, the traits FW, IW, RCR, AD and LAC were maintained for further analysis. Variety Arachida was considered tolerant toS. frugiperdaand can be used in the future as a source of favorable alleles to breed tolerant popcorn hybrids. The traits relative consumption rate, apparent digestibility and leaf area consumed were considered key traits in the identification of tolerance againstS. frugiperdain popcorn genotypes.