bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrating personal experience of living with learning disabilities and mental health issues in institutional and community settings: A case study
Authors: Sutton Paul , Gates Bob 
Published: July 2020

Accessible summary

This is a case study about a man with learning disabilities who has mental health issues.

The case study describes the way that he told a researcher about his life.

Thirty years of his earlier life were spent in a long‐stay hospital in England, UK and more recently he has lived in a community setting with five other people.

This research is important as it assists us to understand the experiences of people with learning disabilities who have mental health needs.

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, the emotional lives and mental health needs of adults with learning disabilities received scant attention, especially when the policy of institutionalisation was at its zenith in the UK.Materials and MethodsThis case study employed biographical narrative interviews based on a psychosocial approach. The main sources of data production were two loosely structured, audio‐taped, interviews with a man with learning disabilities. This approach uses free association to elicit an individual's stories about his lived experiences. Additional information was acquired from consultations with key care staff and clinical records maintained by the man's service provider.ResultsData revealed insights into the biography of this man who had a diagnosed mental health disorder. These data recall his personal journey through the care system which took place during an important historical period encompassing both long‐term institutionalisation in segregated settings, and the subsequent implementation of the policy of community care in the UK. He recalls positive and negative experiences while residing in a long‐stay hospital, and the related thoughts and feelings about his life in a community setting in more recent years.ConclusionThis case study contributes to an increasing body of studies that perceive the use of in‐depth interviewing of individuals with learning disabilities as having high ecological validity in the development of authentic knowledge, not readily available through other methods used in the co‐production of data.
Switchover study of onabotulinumtoxinA to incobotulinumtoxinA for facial dystonia
Authors: Bladen John C. , Favor Maribel , Litwin Andre , Malhotra Raman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImportanceWhen making a cost‐saving it is important to ensure there is no loss of efficacy.BackgroundClinical effectiveness and efficiency of incobotulinumtoxinA compared to onabotulinumtoxinA in facial dystonia is unclear. Our aim is to evaluate switching from onabotulinumtoxinA to incobotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of essential blepharospasm (EB), hemifacial spasm (HFS) and aberrant facial nerve regeneration (AFR).DesignA retrospective study of a prospective, single‐masked switchover audit from onabotulinumtoxinA to incobotulinumtoxinA.ParticipantsTwenty essential EB, 12 HFS and six AFR patients.MethodsA switchover from stable onabotulinumtoxinA to incobotulinumtoxinA using a 1:1 unit ratio and contemporaneous efficacy measures. Two nurse injectors performed the injections over a period of 6 years. Each masked patient received three onabotulinumtoxinA and three incobotulinumtoxinA over a minimum of 2 years.Main Outcome methodsAt each visit, a blepharospasm disability score (BDS), Jankovic score (JS), subjective improvement (SI), duration of maximum effect (DME) and complications were recorded. A cost comparison per unit dose was made.ResultsTwenty EB, 12 HFS and six AFR received 114 onabotulinumtoxinA and 114 incobotulinumtoxinA treatments. Both brands had similar efficacy, but SI (P < .01) and DME (P < .05) were higher in the HFS group with incobotulinumtoxinA. Complications included bruising (two onabotulinumtoxinA, one incobotulinumtoxinA) and ptosis (three onabotulinumtoxinA, zero incobotulinumtoxinA). OnabotulinumtoxinA was 33% pricier.Conclusion and RelevanceSwitching from onabotulinumtoxinA to incobotulinumtoxinA did not result in an inferior outcome for the treatment of facial dystonia and led to a cost‐saving for the department.
Evaluation of the use of psychometric scales in human–wildlife interaction research to determine attitudes and tolerance toward wildlife
Authors: Whitehouse‐Tedd K. , Abell J. , Dunn A. K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStudies evaluating human–wildlife interactions (HWIs) in a conservation context often include psychometric scales to measure attitudes and tolerance toward wildlife. However, data quality is at risk when such scales are used without appropriate validation or reliability testing, potentially leading to erroneous interpretation or application of findings. We used 2 online databases (ProQuest Psych Info and Web of Science) to identify published HWI studies that included attitude and tolerance. We analyzed these studies to determine the methods used to measure attitudes or tolerance toward predators and other wildlife; determine the proportion of these methods applying psychometric scales; and evaluate the rigor with which the scales were used by examining whether the psychometric properties of validity and reliability were reported. From 2007 to 2017, 114 published studies were identified. Ninety‐four (82%) used questionnaires and many of these (53 [56%]) utilized a psychometric scale. Most scales (39 [74%]) had at least 1 test of reliability reported, but reliance on a single test was notable, contrary to recommended practice. Fewer studies (35 [66%]) reported a test of validity, but this was primarily restricted to structural validity rather than more comprehensive testing. Encouragingly, HWI investigators increasingly utilized the necessary psychometric tools for designing and analyzing questionnaire data, but failure to assess the validity or reliability of psychometric scales used in over one‐third of published HWI attitude research warrants attention. We advocate incorporation of more robust application of psychometric scales to advance understanding of stakeholder attitudes as they relate to HWI.
Common errors in inhalation therapy: Impact and solutions
Authors: Rodriguez‐Garcia Carlota , Barreiro Esther , Muñoz‐Gall Xavier , Bustamante‐Madariaga Victor , de‐Granda‐Orive Ignacio , Gonzalez‐Barcala Francisco‐Javier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveInhalation therapy is one of the key pillars in the treatment of chronic obstructive diseases, such as asthma and COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); however, wide number of errors occur with high frequency in the inhalation manoeuvres among these patient. This review discuss the main errors made with inhalation devices, factors associated with poor IT (inhalation technique), their consequences and possible solutions.Data sourcesTo do this, we performed a search of any publications available in PubMed between the years 2000 and 2019, using the key words: asthma, COPD, obstructive lung disease, inhalers, misuse and errors.Study selectionsAfter a review of the titles and abstracts by the working group, the articles chosen were considered the most relevant in providing evidence of the problems and establishing solutions in the inhalation treatment of asthma and COPD.ResultsThere are several publications that associated the errors in the inhalation technique with a poor prognosis both of asthma and COPD. Most authors generally agree in that a poor IT is associated with poor control of the symptoms.ConclusionsIt is essential to review the IT in all our patients with asthma and COPD due to the high socio‐economic impact that it involves; an effort must be made to homogenise the evaluation of IT, so that it helps to transmit a clear message to the patients, as well as to the health professionals on what is and what is not a correct manoeuvre.
The Relationship Between the Level of Serum ESM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 in Patients With Acute ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wei Peng , Zong Bin , Liu Xuekui , Zhang Miaomiao , Yang Cui , Wang Haibo , Fu Qiang , Wang Liansheng , Cao Bangming 
Published: July 2020

Acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most lethal coronary heart disease with vascular endothelium dysfunction and inflammation in the disease development process. Endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 (ESM‐1) and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) are important for the diagnosis and characterization of STEMI. To date, no studies have reported the correlation between ESM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 levels in patients with STEMI, which may be an important predictor of the fatal disease. To measure the level of serum ESM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2, and to evaluate the relationship and the clinical significance of these two biomarkers in patients with acute STEMI, 37 inpatients with acute STEMI were sequentially enrolled in the research group and 24 study objects with normal coronary artery function were included in the control group. The measurement of the relative parameters was done by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using blood samples taken from the median cubital vein while the inpatients were enrolled. The levels of serum SEM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 were significantly higher in patients with acute STEMI than in study objects with normal coronary artery function (P < 0.05). A significant correlation of serum SEM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 was observed, leading to close linearity (r2 = 0.8131, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the endothelium dysfunction factor ESM‐1 and inflammatory factor Lp‐PLA2 are significantly higher and correlated in patients with acute STEMI. These two factors could be novel and effective biomarkers for acute STEMI diagnosis and evaluation.
Pain in children with dyskinetic and mixed dyskinetic/spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: McKinnon Clare T , Morgan Prue E , Antolovich Giuliana C , Clancy Catherine H , Fahey Michael C , Harvey Adrienne R 
Published: July 2020

AimTo evaluate pain prevalence and characteristics in children and adolescents with predominant dyskinetic and mixed (dyskinetic/spastic) cerebral palsy (CP) motor types.MethodSeventy‐five participants with a diagnosis of CP and confirmed dyskinetic or mixed (dyskinetic/spastic) motor type took part in a multisite cross‐sectional study. The primary outcome was carer‐reported pain prevalence (preceding 2wks) measured using the Health Utilities Index‐3. Secondary outcomes were chronicity, intensity, body locations, quality of life, and activity impact.ResultsMean participant age was 10 years 11 months (SD 4y 2mo, range 5–18y). There were 44 males and 31 females and 37 (49%) had predominant dyskinetic CP. Pain was prevalent in 85% and it was chronic in 77% of participants. Fifty‐two per cent experienced moderate‐to‐high carer‐reported pain intensity, which was significantly associated with predominant dyskinetic motor types (p=0.008). Pain occurred at multiple body locations (5 out of 21), with significantly increased numbers of locations at higher Gross Motor Function Classification System levels (p=0.02). Face, jaw, and temple pain was significantly associated with predominant dyskinetic motor types (p=0.005). Poorer carer proxy‐reported quality of life was detected in those with chronic pain compared to those without (p=0.03); however, chronic pain did not affect quality of life for self‐reporting participants.InterpretationPain was highly prevalent in children and adolescents with predominant dyskinetic and mixed (dyskinetic/spastic) motor types, highlighting a population in need of lifespan pain management.What this paper adds

Chronic pain prevalence in children and adolescents with predominant dyskinetic and mixed (dyskinetic/spastic) motor types is high.

Pain occurs across multiple body locations in predominant dyskinetic and mixed (dyskinetic/spastic) motor types.

Less recognized locations of pain include the face, jaw, and temple for predominant dyskinetic motor types.
Autistic traits in first‐episode psychosis: Rates and association with 1‐year recovery outcomes
Authors: Zheng Shushan , Chua Yi Chian , Tang Charmaine , Tan Giles Ming‐Yee , Abdin Edimansyah , Lim Vicki Wei Qi , Koh Astelle Shiyun , Verma Swapna , Magiati Iliana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThere is a growing appreciation that subthreshold but clinically elevated levels of autistic traits are clinically relevant. This study examined autistic traits in Singaporean patients with first‐episode psychosis and their association with 1‐year psychosis recovery.MethodsThe relationship between baseline patient characteristics, autistic traits (measured with autism screening questionnaires) and psychosis recovery outcomes at 1‐year were examined in 180 adults in the Early Intervention Psychosis Programme in Singapore.ResultsOut of 180 participants, 50 (27.8%) had clinically elevated above screening‐cut off levels of autistic traits on the self‐reported 10‐item Autism Spectrum Quotient and 8 (4.4%) on the staff‐rated Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults Screening Questionnaire. At baseline, those with more autistic traits were more likely to be unemployed, economically inactive (ie, students or homemakers); and to have diagnoses of mood disorder with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified as compared to schizophrenia spectrum and delusional disorder diagnoses. Although most participants showed improvements in their clinical outcomes at 1‐year, those with higher autistic traits improved less in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale general psychopathology scale and in Global Assessment of Functioning symptomatology.ConclusionsAutistic traits are common in those with first‐episode psychosis and may be associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Validated screening tools should be developed in this population to support earlier reporting.
Clinical course and risk factors for mortality from COVID‐19 in patients with haematological malignancies
Authors: Sanchez‐Pina José María , Rodríguez Rodriguez Mario , Castro Quismondo Nerea , Gil Manso Rodrigo , Colmenares Rafael , Gil Alos Daniel , Paciello Mari Liz , Zafra Denis , Garcia‐Sanchez Cristina , Villegas Carolina , Cuellar Clara , Carreño‐Tarragona Gonzalo , Zamanillo Irene , Poza María , Iñiguez Rodrigo , Gutierrez Xabier , Alonso Rafael , Rodríguez Antonia , Folgueira Maria Dolores , Delgado Rafael , Ferrari José Miguel , Lizasoain Manuel , Aguado José María , Ayala Rosa , Martinez‐Lopez Joaquín , Calbacho María 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in haematological patients (HP) has not been comprehensively reported.MethodsWe analysed 39 patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and haematological malignancies. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared to a matched control group of 53 non‐cancer patients with COVID‐19. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to assess the risk factors associated with poor outcome.ResultsThe most frequent haematological diseases were lymphoma (30%) and multiple myeloma (30%). Eighty‐seven % HP developed moderate or severe disease. Patients with haematological malignancies had a significantly higher mortality rate compared to non‐cancer patients (35.9% vs 13.2%; P = .003 (odds ratio 6.652). The worst outcome was observed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. Only age >70 years and C reactive protein >10 mg/dl at admission were associated with higher risk of death (odds ratio 34.86, P = .003 and 13.56,P = .03). Persistent viral sheddind was detected in 5 HP. Active chemotherapy, viral load at diagnosis and COVID‐19 therapy were not predictors of outcome.ConclusionMortality of COVID‐19 is significantly higher in patients with haematological malignancies compared to non‐cancer patients. The impact of persistent viral shedding must be considered in order to re‐start therapies and maintain infectious control measures.
γδ T cells in malaria: a double‐edged sword
Authors: Pamplona Ana , Silva‐Santos Bruno 
Published: July 2020

Malaria remains a devastating global health problem, resulting in many annual deaths due to the complications of severe malaria. However, in endemic regions, individuals can acquire ‘clinical immunity’ to malaria, characterized by a decrease in severe malaria episodes and an increase of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections. Recently, it has been reported that tolerance to ‘clinical malaria’ and reduced disease severity correlates with a decrease in the numbers of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the major subset of γδ T cells in the human peripheral blood. This is particularly interesting as this population typically undergoes dramatic expansions during acute Plasmodium infections and was previously shown to play antiparasitic functions. Thus, regulated γδ T‐cell responses may be critical to balance immune protection with severe pathology, particularly as both seem to rely on the same pro‐inflammatory cytokines, most notably TNF and IFN‐γ. This has been clearly demonstrated in mouse models of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) based on Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Furthermore, our recent studies suggest that the natural course of Plasmodium infection, mimicked in mice through mosquito bite or sporozoite inoculation, includes a major pathogenic component in ECM that depends on γδ T cells and IFN‐γ production in the asymptomatic liver stage, where parasite virulence is seemingly set and determines pathology in the subsequent blood stage. Here, we discuss these and other recent advances in our understanding of the complex—protective versus pathogenic—functions of γδ T cells in malaria.
Microbial tropicalization driven by a strengthening western ocean boundary current
Authors: Messer Lauren F. , Ostrowski Martin , Doblin Martina A. , Petrou Katherina , Baird Mark E. , Ingleton Timothy , Bissett Andrew , Van de Kamp Jodie , Nelson Tiffanie , Paulsen Ian , Bodrossy Levente , Fuhrman Jed A. , Seymour Justin R. , Brown Mark V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWestern boundary currents (WBCs) redistribute heat and oligotrophic seawater from the tropics to temperate latitudes, with several displaying substantial climate change‐driven intensification over the last century. Strengthening WBCs have been implicated in the poleward range expansion of marine macroflora and fauna, however, the impacts on the structure and function of temperate microbial communities are largely unknown. Here we show that the major subtropical WBC of the South Pacific Ocean, the East Australian Current (EAC), transports microbial assemblages that maintain tropical and oligotrophic (k‐strategist) signatures, to seasonally displace more copiotrophic (r‐strategist) temperate microbial populations within temperate latitudes of the Tasman Sea. We identified specific characteristics of EAC microbial assemblages compared with non‐EAC assemblages, including strain transitions within the SAR11 clade, enrichment of Prochlorococcus, predicted smaller genome sizes and shifts in the importance of several functional genes, including those associated with cyanobacterial photosynthesis, secondary metabolism and fatty acid and lipid transport. At a temperate time‐series site in the Tasman Sea, we observed significant reductions in standing stocks of total carbon and chlorophyll a, and a shift towards smaller phytoplankton and carnivorous copepods, associated with the seasonal impact of the EAC microbial assemblage. In light of the substantial shifts in microbial assemblage structure and function associated with the EAC, we conclude that climate‐driven expansions of WBCs will expand the range of tropical oligotrophic microbes, and potentially profoundly impact the trophic status of temperate waters.
Bus stops, triple wins and two steps: nurse migration in and out of Asia
Authors: WALTON‐ROBERTS MARGARET 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe migration pathways in which nurses engage are increasingly heterogeneous. In this article, I contrast three types of nurse migration pathway from three country pairs – Vietnam to Germany ‘triple win’ bi‐lateral migration (direct migration); India to Canada two‐step study‐work (multistage) pathway; and ‘bus stop’ multinational migration from the Philippines to Singapore and onwards to other sites. Each pathway is not exclusive to the country pair selected; rather, this occupational and pathway specific analysis permits a comparison of the structures and processes involved – the different kinds of hierarchies that underpin mobility; the migration and border‐control infrastructure that channels mobility; and the differential incorporation of multi‐nationally mobile lives and their gendered/racialized implications. The migration trajectories analysed in this article reveal how multinational and multistage migrations are produced (through state and non‐state intermediaries and policy structures), and how they are productive of new subjectivities and imaginaries (shaped by what is possible and desirable).
City economic development, housing availability, and migrants' settlement intentions: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Mengkai , Wu Yidong , Liu Guiwen , Wang Xianzhu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe slow growth of the permanently settled migrants in host cities poses new challenges for the sustainability of China's future urbanization. Given the growing importance of homeownership, this paper clarifies migrants' settlement intentions into three mutually exclusive patterns, including de facto permanent settlement intention through homeownership, long‐term temporary settlement intention and short‐term temporary settlement intention. Based on matched micro‐ and macro‐level data, this paper examines the influence of city economic development and housing prices on these three patterns. The results suggest that economic development exhibits an attractive effect on migrants' settlement intentions for both earning money and for making a life while housing price weakens rural migrants' de facto permanent settlement intention. We also highlight the effect of the Housing Provident Fund (HPF), the most important housing financial policy in China, on settlement intention, and the results suggest that the HPF serves as an option to help migrants achieve permanent settlement through housing availability. The findings can explain the mixed results of previous research and provide policy references for sustainable urbanization in China.
Do rural migrants benefit from labor market agglomeration economies? Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Yang Guangliang , Li Lixing , Fu Shihe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe combine the 2005 China Inter‐Census Population Survey data and the 2004 China Manufacturing Census to test whether workers, particularly rural migrants, benefit from labor market Marshallian externalities. We find that workers in general, and rural migrants in particular, benefit from labor market pooling effects (measured by total employment in a city‐industry cell) and human capital externalities (measured by share of workers with a college degree or above in a city‐industry cell). These findings are robust to various sorting bias tests. However, rural migrants benefit much less than do local or urban workers, possibly because rural migrants lack social networks and are discriminated doubly in terms of being both “rural” and “migrants.” Our findings have policy implications on how Chinese cities can become skilled during the rapid urbanization process coupled with global competition.