bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas kinematics of key prebiotic molecules in GV Tau N revealed with an ALMA, PdBI, and Herschel synergy
Authors: Fuente A , Treviño-Morales S P , Le Gal R , Rivière-Marichalar P , Pilleri P , Rodríguez-Baras M , Navarro-Almaida D 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
A large effort has been made to detect warm gas in the planet formation zone of circumstellar discs using space and ground-based near-infrared facilities. GV Tau N, the most obscured component of the GV Tau system, is an outstanding source, being one of the first targets detected in HCN and the only one detected in CH4 so far. Although near-infrared observations have shed light on its chemical content, the physical structure and kinematics of the circumstellar matter remained unknown. We use interferometric images of the HCN 3→2 and 13CO 3→2 lines, and far-IR observations of 13CO, HCN, CN, and H2O transitions to discern the morphology, kinematics, and chemistry of the dense gas close to the star. These observations constitute the first detection of H2O towards GV Tau N. Moreover, ALMA high spatial resolution (∼ 7 au) images of the continuum at 1.1 mm and the HCN 3→2 line resolve different gas components towards GV Tau N, a gaseous disc with R∼25 au, an ionized jet, and one (or two) molecular outflows. The asymmetric morphology of the gaseous disc shows that it has been eroded by the jet. All observations can be explained if GV Tau N is binary, and the primary component has a highly inclined individual disc relative to the circumbinary disc. We discuss the origin of the water and the other molecules emission according to this scenario. In particular, we propose that the water emission would come from the disrupted gaseous disc and the molecular outflows.
An update to the MARVEL data set and ExoMol line list for 12C2
Authors: McKemmish Laura K , Syme Anna-Maree , Borsovszky Jasmin , Yurchenko Sergei N , Tennyson Jonathan , Furtenbacher Tibor , Császár Attila G 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The spectrum of dicarbon (C2) is important in astrophysics and for spectroscopic studies of plasmas and flames. The C2 spectrum is characterized by many band systems with new ones still being actively identified; astronomical observations involve eight of these bands. Recently, Furtenbacher et al. presented a set of 5699 empirical energy levels for 12C2, distributed among 11 electronic states and 98 vibronic bands, derived from 42 experimental studies and obtained using the MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) procedure.
Here, we add data from 13 new sources and update data from 5 sources. Many of these data sources characterize high-lying electronic states, including the newly detected 3 3Πg state. Older studies have been included following improvements in the MARVEL procedure that allow their uncertainties to be estimated. These older works in particular determine levels in the C 1Πg state, the upper state of the insufficiently characterized Deslandres–d’Azambuja (C 1Πg–A 1Πu) band.
The new compilation considers a total of 31 323 transitions and derives 7047 empirical (marvel) energy levels spanning 20 electronic and 142 vibronic states. These new empirical energy levels are used here to update the 8states C2 ExoMol line list. This updated line list is highly suitable for high-resolution cross-correlation studies in astronomical spectroscopy of, for example, exoplanets, as 99.4 per cent of the transitions with intensities over 10−18 cm molecule−1 at 1000 K have frequencies determined by empirical energy levels.
Comprehensive and Functional Analysis of Horizontal Gene Transfer Events in Diatoms
Authors: Vancaester Emmelien , Depuydt Thomas , Osuna-Cruz Cristina Maria , Vandepoele Klaas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Diatoms are a diverse group of mainly photosynthetic algae, responsible for 20% of worldwide oxygen production, which can rapidly respond to favorable conditions and often outcompete other phytoplankton. We investigated the contribution of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to its ecological success. A large-scale phylogeny-based prokaryotic HGT detection procedure across nine sequenced diatoms showed that 3–5% of their proteome has a horizontal origin and a large influx occurred at the ancestor of diatoms. More than 90% of HGT genes are expressed, and species-specific HGT genes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum undergo strong purifying selection. Genes derived from HGT are implicated in several processes including environmental sensing and expand the metabolic toolbox. Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is an essential cofactor for roughly half of the diatoms and is only produced by bacteria. Five consecutive genes involved in the final synthesis of the cobalamin biosynthetic pathway, which could function as scavenging and repair genes, were detected as HGT. The full suite of these genes was detected in the cold-adapted diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus. This might give diatoms originating from the Southern Ocean, a region typically depleted in cobalamin, a competitive advantage. Overall, we show that HGT is a prevalent mechanism that is actively used in diatoms to expand its adaptive capabilities.
Ureidothiophene inhibits interaction of bacterial RNA polymerase with –10 promotor element
Authors: Harbottle John , Zenkin Nikolay 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bacterial RNA polymerase is a potent target for antibiotics, which utilize a plethora of different modes of action, some of which are still not fully understood. Ureidothiophene (Urd) was found in a screen of a library of chemical compounds for ability to inhibit bacterial transcription. The mechanism of Urd action is not known. Here, we show that Urd inhibits transcription at the early stage of closed complex formation by blocking interaction of RNA polymerase with the promoter –10 element, while not affecting interactions with –35 element or steps of transcription after promoter closed complex formation. We show that mutation in the region 1.2 of initiation factor σ decreases sensitivity to Urd. The results suggest that Urd may directly target σ region 1.2, which allosterically controls the recognition of –10 element by σ region 2. Alternatively, Urd may block conformational changes of the holoenzyme required for engagement with –10 promoter element, although by a mechanism distinct from that of antibiotic fidaxomycin (lipiarmycin). The results suggest a new mode of transcription inhibition involving the regulatory domain of σ subunit, and potentially pinpoint a novel target for development of new antibacterials.
The Effect of T1-Slope in Spinal Parameters After Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Kuo Yi-Hsuan , Kuo Chao-Hung , Chang Hsuan-Kan , Fay Li-Yu , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Chang Chih-Chang , Cheng Henrich , Wu Ching-Lan , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Wu Jau-Ching , Huang Wen-Cheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although patients with cervical kyphosis are not ideal candidates for cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA), there is a paucity of data on patients with a straight or slightly lordotic neck.

OBJECTIVE
To correlate cervical lordosis, T1-slope, and clinical outcomes of CDA.

METHODS
The study retrospectively analyzed 95 patients who underwent 1-level CDA and had 2-yr follow-up. They were divided into a high T1-slope (≥28°) group (HTSG, n = 45) and a low T1-slope (<28°) group (LTSG, n = 50). Cervical spinal alignment parameters, including T1-slope, cervical lordosis (C2-7 Cobb angle), and segmental mobility (range of motion [ROM]) at the indexed level, were compared. The clinical outcomes were also assessed.

RESULTS
The mean T1-slope was 28.1 ± 7.0°. After CDA, the pre- and postoperative segmental motility remained similar and cervical lordosis was preserved. All the clinical outcomes improved after CDA. The HTSG were similar to the LTSG in age, sex, segmental mobility, and clinical outcomes. However, the HTSG had higher cervical lordosis than the LTSG. Furthermore, the LTSG had increased cervical lordosis (ΔC2-7 Cobb angle), whereas the HTSG had decreased lordosis after CDA. Patients of the LTSG, who had more improvement in cervical lordosis, had a trend toward increasing segmental mobility at the index level (ΔROM) than the HTSG.

CONCLUSION
In this series, T1-slope correlated well with global cervical lordosis but did not affect the segmental mobility. After CDA, the changes in cervical lordosis correlated with changes in segmental mobility. Therefore, segmental lordosis should be cautiously preserved during CDA as it could determine the mobility of the disc.
Beyond the Superficial: Disseminated Trichophyton rubrum Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient
Authors: Trottier Caitlin A , Jhaveri Vimal V , Zimarowski Mary Jane , Blair Barbra M , Alonso Carolyn D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Superficial dermatophyte infections are common in the general population and are readily treated with topical antifungals. Deeper invasion is rare, and dissemination to visceral organs is extremely uncommon. We describe a 66-year-old renal transplant recipient who developed disseminated Trichophyton rubrum infection while undergoing treatment for acute humoral rejection. The infection presented as a facial rash with subsequent dissemination to the lungs and chest wall. All sites of infection improved with combination administration of oral posaconazole and terbinafine. In this work, we review the available literature regarding management of disseminated Trichophyton infection and discuss therapeutic interventions for disseminated dermatophytosis in immunosuppressed hosts.
The neural networks underlying reappraisal of empathy for pain
Authors: Naor Navot , Rohr Christiane , Schaare Lina H , Limbachia Chirag , Shamay-Tsoory Simone , Okon-Singer Hadas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmotion regulation plays a central role in empathy. Only by successfully regulating our own emotions can we reliably use them in order to interpret the content and valence of others’ emotions correctly. In an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based experiment, we show that regulating one’s emotion via reappraisal modulated biased emotional intensity ratings following an empathy for pain manipulation. Task-based analysis revealed increased activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) when painful emotions were regulated using reappraisal, whereas empathic feelings that were not regulated resulted in increased activity bilaterally in the precuneus, supramarginal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus (MFG), as well as the right parahippocampal gyrus. Functional connectivity analysis indicated that the right IFG plays a role in the regulation of empathy for pain, through its connections with regions in the empathy for pain network. Furthermore, these connections were further modulated as a function of the type of regulation used: in sum, our results suggest that accurate empathic judgment (i.e. empathy that is unbiased) relies on a complex interaction between neural regions involved in emotion regulation and regions associated with empathy for pain. Thus, demonstrating the importance of emotion regulation in the formulation of complex social systems and sheds light on the intricate network implicated in this complex process.
Rediscovering Dana: The Forgotten Black Coal Miners of Southern Wyoming
Authors: Blasi Brigida R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When coal was king in late nineteenth century Wyoming, the industry was dominated by the Union Pacific Coal Company (UPCC). Operating dozens of mines throughout the high deserts of southwestern and south-central Wyoming well into the twentieth century, the UPCC’s economic success was thanks in large part to its practice of creating wage competition among its carefully recruited pool of multinational and multiethnic laborers. Unsurprisingly, the company’s first recruited group of Black miners were brought in as strikebreakers. They came to a short-lived coal town called Dana about 150 miles west of Cheyenne. Instead of playing the company's intended role, the Black miners greatly influenced early labor reform efforts and the trend of Black western migration and settlement. This article contributes to the scholarship on Black laborers in the West by examining the story of Dana’s Black miners, their role in the passage of fair labor legislation, and their subsequent removal from the historical record. By both building on recent methodologies and utilizing tools of historical interpretation often dismissed or minimized outside the practice of public history, such as genealogy, this article also argues that restoring individual identity augments perception of overall migrant group experience and significance in the evolution of the social and industrial landscape of the U.S. West.
Challenges and Facilitators of Implementing a Physician-approved Naloxone Protocol: A Mixed-methods Study
Authors: Hincapie Ana L. , Hegener Michael , Heaton Pamela C. , Fish Gabrielle , Fetters Kathryn , Sneed Gregory T. , Koechlin Kathleen , DeFiore-Hyrmer Jolene , Holthusen Amy , MacKinnon Neil J. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
In 2015, the State of Ohio passed legislation to allow pharmacists to dispense naloxone under a physician-approved protocol. The legislation allows all individuals authorized under a physician-approved protocol to personally furnish naloxone without requiring clients to be seen by a licensed prescriber, thus expanding the capacity of Ohio's community distribution programs. We aimed to evaluate the implementation of legislation allowing for a physician-approved protocol in pharmacies and other naloxone distribution sites in Ohio, and to compare barriers and facilitators of implementing the law changes among sites that implemented a physician-approved protocol versus sites that did not.

Methods:
The study used a convergent parallel mixed-method design. Random samples from all pharmacies registered with the State of Ohio Board of Pharmacy and community naloxone distribution sites were selected. Quantitative data were collected via survey (n = 168) and qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews (n = 17).

Results:
Most survey respondents agreed that the policy has expanded access to naloxone at their site for individuals who want or need the medication. Both pharmacies and other naloxone distribution sites identified that leadership and organizational support facilitated protocol implementation and cost, stigma, and lack of naloxone demand challenged protocol implementation.

Conclusions:
The study identified barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a physician-approved protocol within Ohio. The majority of respondents stated they could implement a protocol. However, barriers of cost, lack of public awareness of naloxone availability, and stigma remain for pharmacies and other naloxone distribution sites.
Systematic Review and Synthesis of Mechanism-based Classification Systems for Pain Experienced in the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Shraim Muath A. , Massé-Alarie Hugo , Hall Leanne M. , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:Improvements in pain management might be achieved by matching treatment to underlying mechanisms for pain persistence. Many authors argue for a mechanism-based classification of pain, but the field is challenged by the wide variation in the proposed terminology, definitions, and typical characteristics. This study aimed to (1) systematically review mechanism-based classifications of pain experienced in the musculoskeletal system; (2) synthesize and thematically analyze classifications, using the International Association for the Study of Pain categories of nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic as an initial foundation; and (3) identify convergence and divergence between categories, terminology, and descriptions of each mechanism-based pain classification.Materials and Methods:Databases were searched for papers that discussed a mechanism-based classification of pain experienced in the musculoskeletal system. Terminology, definitions, underlying neurobiology/pathophysiology, aggravating/easing factors/response to treatment, and pain characteristics were extracted and synthesized on the basis of thematic analysis.Results:From 224 papers, 174 terms referred to pain mechanisms categories. Data synthesis agreed with the broad classification on the basis of ongoing nociceptive input, neuropathic mechanisms, and nociplastic mechanisms (eg, central sensitization). “Mixed,” “other,” and the disputed categories of “sympathetic” and “psychogenic” pain were also identified. Thematic analysis revealed convergence and divergence of opinion on the definitions, underlying neurobiology, and characteristics.Discussion:Some pain categories were defined consistently, and despite the extensive efforts to develop global consensus on pain definitions, disagreement still exists on how each could be defined, subdivided, and their characteristic features that could aid differentiation. These data form a foundation for reaching consensus on classification.
Safety Profile, Surgical Technique, and Early Clinical Results for Simultaneous Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion in a Lateral Position
Authors: Virk Sohrab , Iyer Sravisht , Ellozy Sharif , Qureshi Sheeraz 
Published: July 2020

Study Design:
Description of surgical technique and retrospective review.

Objective:
To describe a novel surgical technique for multilevel lumbar fusion and describe early clinical results.

Summary of Background Data:
Patients with multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis and adult degenerative scoliosis often require multilevel interbody placement to achieve indirect decompression and lordosis. We describe a case series of patients treated with simultaneous lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) at L5–S1.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients treated for multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis with simultaneous ALIF and LLIF with at least 3-month follow-up. All patients received supplemental percutaneous bilateral pedicle screw placement as well. We measured on preoperative radiographs their lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence, and L5–S1 lordosis. Intraoperative factors such as operative time, estimated blood loss, fluids provided, number of levels fused, and whether a trainee was present during the procedure were all recorded.

Results:
There were 15 patients included within our case series (69.5, 4 F). There were no reported intraoperative vascular or neurological complications in 15 cases. The operative time for the cases ranged from 2.7 to 8.4 hours (average=5.2±1.9 h). The average lordosis gained at L5–S1 was 8.6±3.0 degrees and the average lumbar lordosis gained was 14.7±6.4 degrees. The average PI-LL mismatch went from 22.4±13.3 degrees preoperative to 7.8±10.2 degrees postoperative. One patient had a postoperative complication of a sacral fracture requiring placement of a pelvic screw for a L2-pelvis fusion. There were 8 patients with 4+ levels of fusion. For this cohort of patients, the average lumbar lordosis gained was 16.0±7.5 degrees and the average PI-LL mismatch went from 24.7±16.3 degrees preoperative to 8.8±12.9 degrees postoperative. For the patients with 4+ levels of fusion, the average operative time was 5.9±1.8 hours.

Conclusions:
We have described our early positive results with simultaneous LLIF/ALIF surgery for treatment of lumbar degenerative conditions.
The Transmastoid Retrolabyrinthine Approach in Acoustic Neuroma Surgery: Our Experience in 189 Patients
Authors: Bento Ricardo Ferreira , Lopes Paula Tardim 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
This study aimed to describe our experience with the retrolabyrinthine or infralabyrinthine approach in acoustic neuroma surgery, and to discuss its advantages, limitations, complications, and the outcomes of hearing and facial function preservation.

Study Design:
This study was a retrospective analysis of all acoustic neuroma cases, operated with a retrolabyrinthine approach in our hospital.

Setting:
This study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital.

Patients:
In total, 189 patients underwent hearing preservation and acoustic neuroma surgery, operated through the retrolabyrinthine approach, in our department. The average age was 43.6 years; there were 105 women and 84 men. All patients had unilateral tumors, 99 occurring in the right ear and 90 in the left ear.

Intervention:
A retrolabyrinthine approach was performed in all 189 patients to remove vestibular schwannoma.

Main Outcome Measures:
All tumors graded I and II using Koos tumor grading with serviceable hearing when the speech reception threshold (SRT) was better than 50 dB, and word recognition scores of 50% or higher.

Results:
Considering the 189 patients, good exposure of the internal auditory canal was possible in all patients, with total removal of the tumor in all patients, even though it was necessary to sacrifice the posterior canal in 12 of the cases, all classified as Koss II. Hearing was preserved in 49.73% of patients; 1% had permanent grade II House–Brackmann facial paralysis.

Conclusions:
The retrolabyrinthine approach showed security during facial nerve manipulation, small chance of morbidity, and good proportion of hearing preservation when tumor are up to Koss I and II classification.
Simultaneous Vestibular Schwannoma Resection and Cochlear Implantation Using Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Audiometry for Decision-making
Authors: Dahm Valerie , Auinger Alice B. , Honeder Clemens , Riss Dominik , Landegger Lukas D. , Moser Gerhard , Matula Christian , Arnoldner Christoph 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value regarding postoperative hearing benefit of electrically evoked auditory brainstem response audiometry in sporadic vestibular schwannoma patients undergoing simultaneous tumor resection and cochlear implantation.

Design:
Patients were included in a prospective study conducted between October 2016 and January 2019.

Setting:
The study was conducted at a tertiary care center.

Participants:
Subjects with unilateral sporadic vestibular schwannoma were screened for study participation. Patients underwent translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma resection and cochlear implantation simultaneously.

Intervention:
Electrically evoked brainstem response audiometry was performed during surgery before and after tumor removal using an intracochlear test electrode to objectively evaluate nerve conduction.

Main Outcome Measure:
Electrically evoked brainstem response audiometry results were correlated with postoperative sound field audiometry, word recognition tests, and speech reception thresholds. Quality of life was assessed before and 12 months after translabyrinthine tumor removal and cochlear implantation.

Results:
Five patients, three male and two female, were included in the study and followed for at least 1 year after implantation. Three of the five patients are daily cochlear implant users with open set speech recognition. Two individuals with negative intraoperative electrically evoked auditory brainstem response results showed no auditory perception with cochlear implant.

Conclusions:
Simultaneous translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma resection and cochlear implantation with intraoperative electrically evoked auditory brainstem response measurements is a feasible and promising option for sporadic vestibular schwannoma patients. Preservation of electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses seems to predict good subsequent hearing outcomes.