bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel antioxidant source: evaluation ofin vitrobioaccessibility, antioxidant activity and polyphenol profile of phenolic extract from black radish peel wastes (Raphanus sativusL. var.niger) during simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Yücetepe Aysun , Altin Gokce , Özçelik Beraat 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potency of polyphenolic extract from black radish (Raphanus sativusL. var.niger) root peel waste (PEBRRP) as an antioxidant food additive. PEBRRP was found a powerful antioxidant extract, in which had 172.9 ± 11.5, 462.72 ± 3.05, and 796.51 ± 10.4 mg TE per g dw of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by CUPRAC, DPPH, and FRAP assays, respectively. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of PEBRRP were found as 305.51 ± 5.2 mg GAE per g dw and 171.58 ± 6.2 mg CAE per g dw, respectively. The ferulic acid (28.02 ± 4.5 mg per g dw) and epicatechin (19.82 ± 3.6 mg per g dw) were identified as the main polyphenols in undigested PEBRRP. The bioaccessibility of total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds of PEBRRP was found approximately 5%, and the antioxidant capacity of bioaccessible PEBRPP fraction was determined 6% in CUPRAC, 36% in DPPH and 47% in FRAP methods.
Competence and confidence with prescribing in pharmacy and medicine: a scoping review
Authors: Woit Cassandra , Yuksel Nese , Charrois Theresa L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Prescribing is a growing scope of practice for pharmacists. The objective of this scoping review is to explore themes within the literature related to prescribing competence and confidence in the disciplines of pharmacy and medicine.

Methods
Online databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health were used to identify articles from inception to October 2018. Articles describing either the competence or confidence of physician, pharmacist or student prescribing, including inappropriate prescribing and prescribing errors were included.

Key findings
After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 eligible articles remained. Many studies demonstrate that medical students and junior doctors are not competent in prescribing when they enter practice, and their perceived confidence is often higher than their assessed competence. There were fewer studies about pharmacist competence and confidence with prescribing; however, they described pharmacists that felt competent to prescribe but lacked confidence. Themes from the review included self-awareness, lack of education and educational improvements, prescribing errors and resources, prescribing culture and barriers to prescribing, gender differences and benefits to prescribing.

Conclusions
There is little consensus from the outcomes of these studies related to prescribing competence or confidence. While some reflect positively on prescribing competence and confidence, others show major deficits in competence and lack of confidence. Further research needs to be done to evaluate pharmacist competence and confidence with respect to prescribing.
Health‐related quality of life in patients undergoing TURP: Translating evidence into urological nursing practice
Authors: Subrata Sumarno A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow can the deterioration of the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) be prevented by urological nurses? The intention of this study is to examine the relevant literature regarding HRQoL among those undergoing TURP. Transurethral resection of the prostate is fully considered as a historical reference‐standard procedure for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. Even though this method is highly effective and offers significant progress in urinary functioning, it is related to a risk of complications recognized as TURP syndrome which may impact patients' HRQoL. Several studies have discussed the management of TURP syndrome; however, they did not clearly elucidate the comprehensive aspect of HRQoL pertaining to physiological and psychological elements. As a consequence, this clinical condition may cause unpromising outcomes in regard to residual physical and psychological symptoms after TURP. Wilson and Cleary's model of HRQOL was thoughtfully chosen to guide this study. Several themes of the model were discussed as follows: biological and physiological factors, symptoms and general health perceptions, functional status, patient preferences, emotional and psychological factors, and overall quality of life. We generated a model of HRQoL along with nursing care with respect to the patients undergoing TURP. The findings of this study will render a positive contribution to improving TURP outcomes as well as preventing deterioration of patients' HRQoL.
Insights into the study and origin of the citrullinome in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fert‐Bober Justyna , Darrah Erika , Andrade Felipe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells to citrullinated proteins and citrullinating enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), together with the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid joints, provides substantial evidence that dysregulated citrullination is a hallmark feature of RA. However, understanding mechanisms that dysregulate citrullination in RA has important challenges. Citrullination is a normal process in immune and non‐immune cells, which is likely activated by different conditions (eg, inflammation) with no pathogenic consequences. In a complex inflammatory environment such as the RA joint, unique strategies are therefore required to dissect specific mechanisms involved in the abnormal production of citrullinated proteins. Here, we will review current models of citrullination in RA and discuss critical components that, in our view, are relevant to understanding the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in the RA joint, collectively referred to as the RA citrullinome. In particular, we will focus on potential caveats in the study of citrullination in RA and will highlight methods to precisely detect citrullinated proteins in complex biological samples, which is a confirmatory approach to mechanistically link the RA citrullinome with unique pathogenic pathways in RA.
Less competitive bank markets: Conventional and unconventional monetary policies through bank‐lending channels
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBank competition in Japan is weakening. This study theoretically analyzes the supply side of the bank loan market to examine how this weak banking competition influences the effectiveness of monetary policies. In a Cournot game, there are efficient banks, and inefficient banks that must pay a risk premium in the call market. Less competitive banks either go out of business or merge with efficient banks. The call rate and risk premium are central banks’ policy instruments. This paper's main finding is that, with a few exceptions, the weak competition reduces the effectiveness of monetary policies because concentration decreases the volume of bank loans. However, concentration makes monetary policy via a reduced risk premium more effective when this policy targets inefficient banks that do not exit or merge. In response to lending declines by efficient banks when they exit or merge, inefficient banks increase their lending activity.
Nano‐hydrogel embedded with quercetin and oleic acid as a new formulation in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A pilot study
Authors: Gallelli Giuseppe , Cione Erika , Serra Raffaele , Leo Antonio , Citraro Rita , Matricardi Pietro , Di Meo Chiara , Bisceglia Francesco , Caroleo Maria C. , Basile Sonia , Gallelli Luca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWound healing, especially diabetic ones, is a relevant clinical problem, so it is not surprising that surgical procedures are often needed. To overcome invasive procedures, several strategies with drugs or natural compound are used. Recently, in an experimental study, we described an increase in keratinocyte proliferation after their exposition to quercetin plus oleic acid. In the present clinical study, we evaluated both the clinical efficacy and the safety of nano‐hydrogel embedded with quercetin and oleic acid in the treatment of lower limb skin wound in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Fifty‐six DM patients (28 men and 28 women, mean age 61.7 ± 9.2 years) unsuccessfully treated with mechanical compression were enrolled and randomised to receive an add on treatment with hyaluronic acid (0.2%) or nano‐hydrogel embedded with quercetin and oleic acid. The treatment with nano‐hydrogel embedded with quercetin and oleic acid significantly (P < .01) reduced the wound healing time, in comparison to hyaluronic acid (0.2%) without developing of adverse drug reactions, suggesting that this formulation could be used in the management of wound healing even if other clinical trials must be performed in order to validate this observation.
Putting your best pet forward: Language patterns of persuasion in online pet advertisements
Authors: Markowitz David M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates persuasion dynamics of animal adoption using text data from a large archive of online pet advertisements. In Study 1, 184,805 adoption profiles from Petfinder indicated how long a pet will remain online and unadopted. Consistent with evidence from related persuasion settings such as peer‐to‐peer lending, pets spent less time online if profile writers had an analytic thinking style and advertisements contained few peripheral processing cues such as social words. Study 2 (N = 676,004 adoption profiles) replicated Study 1 patterns and found that adopted pet profiles contained more markers of analytic thinking and fewer social words than unadopted pet profiles. In an experiment (Study 3, N = 987), participants read an adoption advertisement typical of adopted or unadopted pets. Participants self‐reported that they would be more likely to adopt a pet and visit its shelter after reading a more analytic and less social adoption profile (indicators of adopted pets) than a less analytic and more social profile (indicators of unadopted pets). Finally, Study 4 (N = 3,245 Tweets) demonstrated that more analytic and less social word patterns relate to increased engagement online, such as likes and retweets. These data suggest pet adoption that begins online is a social and psychological process, enhanced by messages with markers of complex thinking and few humanizing references. Advances to persuasion theory are discussed, underscored by the implications for pet adoption and how language patterns in online advertisements can reflect influence at scale.
Hidden in the DNA: How multiple historical processes and natural history traits shaped patterns of cryptic diversity in an Amazon leaf‐litter lizardLoxopholis osvaldoi(Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)
Authors: Marques-Souza Sergio , Machado Pellegrino Katia C. , Oliveira Brunes Tuliana , Carnaval Ana Carolina , Pacheco Damasceno Roberta , Lima de Oliveira Borges Manoela , Candia Gallardo Carlos , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the cryptic diversity and diversification timing in the putatively low‐dispersal Amazonian leaf‐litter lizardLoxopholis osvaldoi, and to ask how geography (rivers, isolation by distance, IBD), ecological drivers (isolation by environment, IBE) and historical factors (climatic refugia) explain intraspecific genetic variation.LocationCentral Amazonia, Brazil.TaxonSquamata; Gymnophthalmidae;Loxopholis osvaldoi.MethodsWe sequenced two mitochondrial and two nuclear markers in 157 individuals. Phylogeographic structure and the occurrence of independent evolving lineages where explored through phylogenetic and coalescent analyses. A species tree and divergence dates of lineages were inferred with *BEAST, employing multiple DNA substitution rates. The potential genetic impacts of geographical distance among localities, the environment and the position of localities in relation to main rivers were tested by redundancy analysis (RDA).ResultsWe detected 11 independently evolving and largely divergent intraspecific lineages. Lineage distribution patterns are complex and do not match any conspicuous barrier to gene flow, except for the Amazon River. Most lineages appear to have originated in the lower Miocene and Pliocene, in disagreement with the Pleistocene refuge hypothesis. IBD, IBE and rivers appear to have acted in concert establishing and maintaining genetic structure. However, when controlling for other explanatory variables, IBD explains significantly more variation than rivers, IBE or historical factors.Main ConclusionsOur results strongly suggest thatL.osvaldoiis a species complex. Future taxonomic work should use an integrative approach to explore whether morphological variation is present and congruent with the genetic data. While the use of a sensitive dating analysis allowed us to better describe the diversification history ofL.osvaldoi, the lack of a spatial model of Neogene river dynamics prevents the test of specific, more informative river barrier hypotheses. The data suggest that nonlinear correlation analyses (e.g. RDA) should be preferred to detect factors that affect phylogeographic patterns in the Amazon, instead of linear multiple regressions (e.g. Mantel tests). Given the high level of cryptic diversity detected within this and other Amazonian species, we caution against hypothesis tests based solely on the distribution of nominal taxa, which can provide a rather incomplete view of the processes behind Amazonian diversity.
The effect of spatial variation for predicting aphid outbreaks
Authors: Damgaard Christian , Bruus Marianne , Axelsen Jørgen Aagaard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn order to improve forecasting of pest epidemics, it is important to know the spatial scale at which specific forecasts are reliable. To investigate the spatial scale of aphid outbreaks, we have developed a spatio‐temporal stochastic aphid population growth model and fitted the model to empirical spatial time series of aphid population data using a Bayesian hierarchical fitting procedure. Furthermore, detailed spatial data of the initial phases of population growth were investigated in semivariograms. Our results suggest that spatial variation is low in the initial occurrence probability at a spatial scale of 10 km. Consequently, the results support the hypothesis that initial aphid population sizes and outbreaks may be predicted in fields within a 10 km radius. For farmers, this may imply that they can rely their decision of whether to spray against aphids on observations made by other nearby farmers or by the consultancy service.
Investigating the color changes on resin‐based CAD/CAM Blocks
Authors: Aydın Numan , Karaoğlanoğlu Serpil , Oktay Elif A. , Kılıçarslan Mehmet A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe improvement of the optical properties of new generation dental ceramics enables more esthetic and durable restorations. This study aimed to investigate the color changes, caused by exposure to different beverages on composite, hybrid ceramic, and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) CAD/CAM blocks.Materials and methodsCAD/CAM blocks 40 samples (1.5 × 7 × 12 mm) were obtained from each material under water cooling. Following the polishing process and the initial color measurement, the prepared samples were exposed to red wine, coffee, cola, energy drink, and distilled water. Color changes were measured by spectrophotometer at the end of the 1st, 7th, and 30th days. To analyze the color change results, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed.ResultsIn all restorative material groups, the most prominent color changes were observed on the red wine‐exposed samples, then the coffee‐exposed ones. No significant discoloration was observed on the samples exposed to cola and energy drink, compared to the control group (P > .05). Among the samples exposed to red wine and coffee, the highest discoloration values were observed in composite CAD/CAM material.ConclusionsAt the end of the 30th day, all materials exposed to wine and coffee showed color change above the clinically acceptable value (ΔE00:2.25).Clinical significanceHybrid ceramic and ZLS CAD/CAM blocks recently used more often by clinicians have shown similar color changes. The results of our study indicate the necessity of choosing esthetic materials according to the dietary habits of individuals.
A review of cellulose nanomaterials incorporated fruit coatings with improved barrier property and stability: Principles and applications
Authors: Jung Jooyeoun , Deng Zilong , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFresh fruit are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, but are highly perishable. Due to the great need for improving storability of fresh fruit, it is necessary to develop cost effective coating technology with targeted moisture and gas barrier, mechanical and other desirable properties to satisfy specific postharvest physiological need and storage conditions of a given fruit. Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) present distinguished intrinsic properties, including low density, high aspect ratio, high mechanical property, superior gas and moisture barrier, and good thermal stability. For these reasons, applications of CNs in fruit coatings show great promises for improving quality and storability of postharvest fresh fruit under various storage conditions. This review discussed the principles and mechanisms of CNs role in food packaging films and coatings, applications of CNs‐incorporated coatings in a wide range of fruit, and the safety, regulations, and future perspectives of CNs‐incorporated fruit coating technologies.Practical ApplicationCellulose nanomaterials (CNs), including cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), have great potential as components in fruit coatings for improving barrier, stability, and other functional properties. This review introduced the potential roles of CNs in fruit coating technology as coating matrix, filler for other biopolymers, Pickering emulsion agent, and/or crosslinking agent, thus the principles and mechanisms of using CNs in fruit coatings. This review also reported the recent research and development in CNs‐incorporated fruit coatings, and discussed the hurdles and future perspectives of using CNs in fruit coatings. This review provided most updated information and important insights of CNs‐incorporated coatings, which is critical for developing effective coating technologies for ensuring quality and improving storability of fresh fruit.
MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 function additively in wounding‐induced jasmonic acid biosynthesis and catabolism
Authors: Zhang Cuiping , Lei Yunting , Lu Chengkai , Wang Lei , Wu Jianqiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractJasmonic acid (JA) plays a critical role in plant defenses against insects and necrotrophic fungi. Wounding or lepidopteran insect feeding rapidly induces a burst of JA in plants, which usually reaches peak values within 1 to 2 h. The induced JA is converted to JA‐Ile and perceived by the COI1‐JAZ co‐receptor, leading to activation of the transcription factors MYC2 and its homologs, which further induce JA‐responsive genes. Although much is known about JA biosynthesis and catabolism enzymes and JA signaling, how JA biosynthesis and catabolism are regulated remain unclear. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana MYC2 functions additively with MYC3 and MYC4 to regulate wounding‐induced JA accumulation by directly binding to the promoters of genes function in JA biosynthesis and catabolism to promote their transcription. MYC2 also controls the transcription of JAV1 and JAM1, which are key factors controlling JA biosynthesis and catabolism, respectively. In addition, we also found that MYC2 could bind to the MYC2 promoter and self‐inhibit its own expression. This work illustrates the central role of MYC2/3/4 in controlling wounding‐induced JA accumulation by regulating the transcription of genes involved in JA biosynthesis and catabolism.
Hippocampal long‐term synaptic depression and memory deficits induced in early amyloidopathy are prevented by enhancing G‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel activity
Authors: Sánchez‐Rodríguez Irene , Djebari Souhail , Temprano‐Carazo Sara , Vega‐Avelaira David , Jiménez‐Herrera Raquel , Iborra‐Lázaro Guillermo , Yajeya Javier , Jiménez‐Díaz Lydia , Navarro‐López Juan D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHippocampal synaptic plasticity disruption by amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides + thought to be responsible for learning and memory impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) early stage. Failures in neuronal excitability maintenance seems to be an underlying mechanism. G‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GirK) channels control neural excitability by hyperpolarization in response to many G‐protein‐coupled receptors activation. Here, in early in vitro and in vivo amyloidosis mouse models, we study whether GirK channels take part of the hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairments generated by Aβ1–42. In vitro electrophysiological recordings from slices showed that Aβ1–42 alters synaptic plasticity by switching high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) induced long‐term potentiation (LTP) to long‐term depression (LTD), which led to in vivo hippocampal‐dependent memory deficits. Remarkably, selective pharmacological activation of GirK channels with ML297 rescued both HFS‐induced LTP and habituation memory from Aβ1–42 action. Moreover, when GirK channels were specifically blocked by Tertiapin‐Q, their activation with ML297 failed to rescue LTP from the HFS‐dependent LTD induced by Aβ1–42. On the other hand, the molecular analysis of the recorded slices by western blot showed that the expression of GIRK1/2 subunits, which form the prototypical GirK channel in the hippocampus, was not significantly regulated by Aβ1–42. However, immunohistochemical examination of our in vivo amyloidosis model showed Aβ1–42 to down‐regulate hippocampal GIRK1 subunit expression. Together, our results describe an Aβ‐mediated deleterious synaptic mechanism that modifies the induction threshold for hippocampal LTP/LTD and underlies memory alterations observed in amyloidosis models. In this scenario, GirK activation assures memory formation by preventing the transformation of HFS‐induced LTP into LTD.
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