bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-16  Latent Item Response Theory Regression Using Neuropsychological Tests to Predict Functional Ability
Authors: Goette W , Carlew A , Schaffert J , Rossetti H , Lacritz L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Examine prediction of functional ability with neuropsychological tests using latent item response theory.

Method
The sample included 3155 individuals (Mage = 69.72, SD = 9.41; Median education =13.15, SD = 4.40; white = 92.81%; female = 62.03%; MCI = 25.13%; Dementia = 28.87%) from the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium who completed functional and cognitive assessments [Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Logical Memory (LM), Visual Reproduction (VR), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Boston Naming Test, and Digit Span]. Functional measures [Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Physical Self Maintenance Scale, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living)] were combined into a single outcome variable using confirmatory factor analysis. Item response theory (IRT) was used to fit the data, and latent regression to predict the latent trait score using neuropsychological data.

Results
All three functional scales loaded onto a single factor and demonstrated good construct coverage and measurement reliability (Supporting Figure). A graded response IRT model best fit the functional ability composite measure. MMSE (b = −1.08, p &lt; .001), LM II (b = −0.58, p &lt; .001), VR I and II (b = −0.09, p = .02 and b = −0.43, p &lt; .001, respectively), COWAT (b = −0.10, p = .003), and TMT-B (b = −0.30, p &lt; .001) all significantly predicted functional abilities, as did age (b = 0.61, p &lt; .001) and education (b = 0.31, p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Global cognition, memory and executive function tests predicted functional abilities while attention and language tasks did not. These results suggest that certain neuropsychological tests meaningfully predict functional abilities in elderly cognitively normal and cognitively impaired individuals. Further research is needed to determine whether these cognitive domains are predictive of functional abilities in other clinical disorders.
A-025 Subjective Cognitive Decline and Likelihood of Participation Across Home-Based Cognitive Assessment Modalities
Authors: M Splonskowski , S Smith , C Jacova 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are approximately twice as likely to develop dementia and less likely to seek cognitive assessment. Home-based cognitive assessment (HBCA) could reduce many practical and emotional barriers associated with in-person cognitive testing. We aimed to explore the relationship between SCD and likelihood of HBCA participation across various modalities.

Method
A nation-wide sample of 483 community-dwelling adults age 50 years and older (M = 63.61 ± 5.47) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing website, to complete a survey. SCD was measured using the SCD-MyCog Questionnaire. A score of 7/24 endorsed symptoms classified respondents into SCD and non-SCD. Likelihood of participation in HBCA was measured using 4 likert-scale items (e.g., “How likely would you be to participate in HBCA via computer?”). Total likelihood was calculated by summing items.

Results
Regression revealed SCD symptom burden predicted likelihood of participation in HBCA [F(1, 481) = 12.42, B = .097, [.043–.150], p &lt; .001, r^2 = .025]. Likelihood was higher in SCD (15.25 ± 3.3) than non-SCD (14.23 ± 3.5). When looking at specific HBCA modalities, SCD were more likely than non-SCD to participate in computer and videoconferencing modalities (1.36 ± 0.6 vs1.68 ± 0.87, p &lt; .001; 2.26 ± 1.11 vs 2.58 ± 1.16, p &lt; .001). There was no relationship with iPad or smartphone modalities.

Conclusion
SCD endorsement was associated with increased likelihood of engagement in HBCA. It is possible that HBCA can help overcome barriers to help-seeking in this group. SCD may prefer videoconferencing and computer modalities.
A-027 Differentiating HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder from Alzheimer’s Disease: A Neuropsychological Profile
Authors: D Eilenberger 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This meta-analysis examined the potential for executive function, episodic memory, and motor function to differentiate HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in an attempt to aid in accurate differential diagnosis.

Data Selection
The literature search identified records investigating neuropsychological test performance associated with HAND and AD. Databases used were: PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, and Medline with Full Text. Eligibility was assessed using the following inclusion criteria: (a) study examines HAND or AD, (b) diagnosis is determined using standard diagnostic criteria, (c) study contains data regarding executive function, episodic memory, and/or motor function, (d) study published in English, (e) study is quantitative, and (f) study contains statistical information for effect size calculations. A total of 947 relevant studies were initially identified. Twenty studies were included.

Data Synthesis
Group difference effect sizes were converted/calculated using Cohen’s d and Cohen’s (1998) conventions. Three weighted effect sizes were calculated for constructs of interest for each disorder. Weighted effect size for executive function was large for each group (HAND d = 1.28; AD d = 1.57). A large weighted effect size for episodic memory in AD (AD d = −2.17) and a medium effect size for HAND (HAND d = −0.65) were calculated. A large weighted effect size was determined for motor function in AD (d = 3.60), while a small effect size was calculated for HAND (d = 0.27).

Conclusions
Level of impairment in episodic memory and motor function can be used to differentiate HAND from AD. Executive function lacked differences needed for diagnostic differentiation. Future research should be done directly comparing neuropsychological performance between HAND and AD.
A-028 Utilizing Virtual Reality to Assess the Relationship between Prospective Memory and Processing Speed
Authors: J Sawyer , M Barnett , L Bennett , R Donnell , A Flair , A Haygood , C Markey , J Helphrey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Processing speed may partially mediate age-related differences in prospective memory (PM) abilities (West & Craik, 2001). The present preliminary study aimed to further investigate the relationships between prospective memory and processing speed by utilizing a novel virtual reality-based prospective memory measure. The task was designed to assess the impacts of a virtual environment would facilitate a deeper level of processing and enhance prospective memory performance.

Method
49 older adults (M = 73.87, SD = 8.24) and 39 younger adults(M = 18.87, SD =1.61) completed the Coding subtest of the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS- IV) as well as a virtual-reality prospective memory measure that utilized both time-based and event-based cues.

Results
Coding was strongly correlated with PM time-based cues (r = .43, p &#60; .01) and event-based cues (r = .53, p &lt; .001). There were no correlations between processing speed and prospective memory in the young adult sample.

Conclusion
This study suggests that processing speed is strongly related to virtual-reality based PM and suggests that processing speed is a crucial component in prospective memory outcomes in older adults. This novel task virtual reality task may provide construct validity against other prospective memory measures.
A-058 Test–Retest Reliability of the Grooved Pegboard Test in a Pediatric Medical Population
Authors: C David , M Vasserman , B Brooks , W Macallister 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) is among the most commonly used fine motor tasks, though there is limited data on its basic psychometric properties in children and adolescents with medical conditions. The purpose of this study was to establish test reliability for the GPT within this group.

Method
Participants (N = 44; 22 males, 22 females) were children and adolescents clinically referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Diagnoses included epilepsy (n = 24), cardiac conditions (n = 13), other (n = 5). Each completed the GPT twice: once in the morning and once in the afternoon, ranging from 64-390 minutes apart (x-=263 min., SD = 60 min.). Spearman correlations assessed test–retest reliability for speed of completion for both dominant (DH) and non-dominant hands (NDH) trials and number of peg drops. Paired sample t-test assessed for practice effects between administrations.

Results
Ages ranged between 6.11 to 18.10 years (x-=12.52 yrs., SD = 3.19 yrs.). GPT raw scores for first presentation ranged from 25-296 seconds (DH x-=80.91, SD = 25.1; NDH x-=95.34, SD = 49.42). The GPT showed high test–retest reliability for DH (ρ = 0.80, p &lt; 0.001) and NDH (ρ = 0.83, p &lt; 0.001). Number of drops showed non-significant correlations across trials (DH ρ = −0.03, p = 0.87; NDH ρ = 0.11, p = 0.49). Practice effects were identified for the DH (t = −3.25, p = 0.002) but not NDH (t = −1.83, p = 0.074).

Conclusion
Strong test–retest reliability of the GPT speed of completion in this population supports stability of test results over time, though practice effects are seen at short intervals. Number of pegs dropped, however, lacks sufficient retest reliability and may be of lesser clinical utility. Overall, this study provides increased confidence for continued use of the GPT.
A-074 Evidence of Cognitive Decline in a Patient with CADASIL Without Major Stroke Event
Authors: J Burton , J Hertza , Z Repp , K Jupp 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetic disease that impacts small arteries in the brain and can result in ischemic strokes, seizures, and cognitive decline. This case study of a 61-year-old male illustrates the cognitive profile of an individual with CADASIL who has not suffered a major stroke event. Neuroimaging shows subcortical compromise in a diffuse manner.

Methods
The patient was assessed in an out-patient institutional practice. The individual was assessed with a clinical interview and comprehensive Neuropsychological Battery. The battery included cognitive and psychological measures with free-standing and imbedded validity measures.

Results
Cognitive testing demonstrated significant impairment in visuo-motor processing speed, executive planning, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, decision making, and visual memory, and suggests that the patients abilities show deterioration of subcortical regions, and is consistent with his CADASIL diagnosis. The patient was diagnosed with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder, due to medical condition.

Conclusion
Individuals with CADASIL often suffer from ischemic strokes and cognitive impairment. This study suggests that despite no major stroke event, individuals with CADASIL may still exhibit cognitive decline especially in subcortical regions. This case supports the theory that progressive cognitive decline in CADASIL patients does not begin as a result of a major stroke and can continue as a distinct cause of vascular neurocognitive disorder.
A-075 A Case Study of Anterograde Memory Impairment Following Forniceal Infarct– Neurocognitive Sequelae and Recovery
Authors: C Andrew , M Smith 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To describe neurobehavioral consequences and recovery course in a case of acute infarct of the fornix superimposed on chronic subcortical cerebrovascular disease.

Method
We present a right-handed, 72-year-old, African American man with cardiovascular risk factors, chronic kidney disease, and history of CVA with no prior functional or cognitive difficulties. He was evaluated twice, first four days post and again two months post-infarct of the bilateral fornix.

Results
Initial inpatient testing revealed impaired verbal memory characterized by rapid forgetting (HVLT-R Delay T = &lt; 20) with some benefit from recognition cues, and subtle deficits in constructional praxis and practical judgement. On repeat evaluation at four months post-stroke, he demonstrated memory impairment across modalities (HVLT-R Delay T = &lt; 20, BVMT-R Delay T = &lt; 20) with marginal benefit from context and cues. He required assistance with multiple instrumental activities of daily living (e.g., financial and healthcare management) and displayed anosognosia of both cognitive and functional deficits.

Conclusion
This case illustrates the role of the fornix in the process of memory encoding and self-awareness. Literature describing the neurobehavioral role of the fornix is sparse, however, it has been implicated in episodic memory functions due to hippocampal connectivity. This case study further implicates the fornix in declarative memory formation and will add to the literature by detailing a specific cognitive profile that may inform planning for recovery and rehabilitation.
A-076 Acute Pontine Infarction and Deep White Matter Lesioning: Poly-etiologic Factors and Clinical Correlation with Neuropsychological Impairment and Neuroradiographic Findings
Authors: P Pimental , E Chatten , J Cart , A Ciampanelli 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Pontine infarction may include motor and sensory disturbances, eye movement disorders, cranial nerve palsies, vestibular system symptoms, dizziness, ataxia, transient loss of consciousness, tetraparesis, acute pseudobulbar palsy, and severe sensory-motor deficits (Kumral, Bayülkem, & Evyapan, 2002). Studies of clinical/. neuroradiological correlation are not abundant in the literature (Kim, Lee, Joo, Im, & Lee, 1996).

Methods
The present case involves a 67-year-old, right-handed Caucasian female with a medical history of hypertension, headaches, hypothyroidism, cardiovascular disease (triple bypass), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. She was referred for neuropsychological testing to evaluate deficits. related to her acute pontine stroke.

Results
Neuropsychological testing revealed neuropsychological impairment characterized by visual-perceptual motor and visual memory deficits, executive dysfunction, lack of concern/awareness of deficits (anosodiaphoria), decreased impulse control and disinhibition. Bi-hemispheric, cortical/subcortical pathway elements, and a preponderance of right hemisphere involvement correlated with neuroradiographic evidence. MRIs revealed a punctate acute infarct within the right paracentral pons, a. small focus of gradient susceptibility within the parasagittal right parietal lobe, and a left pons and deep ischemic white matter lesioning of the posterior left frontal lobe.

Conclusion
The present case provided a rare look at poly-etiologic factors associated with acute pontine infarct and associated deep ischemic white matter changes.Neuropsychological testing elucidated the severity and type of neuropsychological impairment which correlated with MRI neuroradiographic findings, and was instrumental in patient interventions. Neurocognitive rehabilitation and formal driving evaluation, given the patient’s visual-perceptual motor and visual memory difficulties and lack of concern/awareness of deficits, protected the patient, family and public.
A-077 Relationship Between Mental Health and Physical Health and Neurocognitive Function among Latinx People Living With HIV
Authors: E Breen , M Aghvinian , J Stiver , M Savin , A Summers , A Slaughter , K Fidaleo , D Byrd , M Rivera Mindt 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The relationship between self-reported mental health (MH), physical health (PH), and neurocognition (NC) is vastly understudied among Latinx people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence of increased somatization in this group suggests that self-reported MH and PH may contextualize cognitive outcomes among Latinx PLWH. Thus, this study examines the relationship between self-reported MH/PH and NC in a sample of Latinx PLWH.

Method
This study included 76 Latinx PLWH (33% female; M age = 46.0, SD = 7.08) who completed the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) and a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. MH and PH were defined by the MOS-HIV, where higher MH and PH summary scores indicate better perceived health. Demographically-corrected T-scores were used to compute average global NC and domain scores.

Results
Within Latinx PLWH, partial correlations controlling for age and education found PH was associated with better processing speed (r = .28, p = .03), and MH was related to better global NC, fluency, learning, and processing speed (ps &lt; .05). A series of multiple regressions (Step 1: age, education, Step 2: MH, PH summary scores) were used to predict NC domain scores. MH (R2 = .11–.15) significantly predicted better attention/working memory (β = .26, p = .03) and global NC at the trend level (β = .19, p = .07). PH did not predict any NC domains.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that MH and PH correlated with global and domain-specific NC within Latinx PLWH. Better self-reported MH may improve attention/working memory and global NC in Latinx PLWH. Somatization is important when considering MH/PH and cognition within Latinx PLWH; physicians should consider the impact of patients’ self-reported MH/PH on NC in Latinx PLWH.
A-08 Predictors of Everyday Problem Solving in Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: J Moreno , W Olmos , J Simons , C Nayares , L Alving , J Tran , E Woo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The Everyday Problems Test (EPT) evaluates problem solving ability needed to complete activities of daily living (ADLs), such as medication and financial management. This study assessed the contributions of executive functioning and subtypes of memory on everyday problem solving in healthy aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and non-amnestic MCI.

Method
Participants included healthy older adults (n = 56) and individuals with MCI (amnestic MCI n = 25; non-amnestic MCI n = 36). Composite scores were derived for Executive Functioning (Trail Making Test-B and FAS), Immediate Memory (short delayed recall scores from the California Verbal Learning Test-II and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised) and Delayed Memory (long delayed recall scores from both memory tests). The EPT was the measure of everyday problem solving.

Results
We found that for the control group and the entire MCI group (both amnestic and non-amnestic MCI), executive functioning, immediate memory, and delayed memory predicted problem solving. When examining the separate MCI subtypes, executive functioning and delayed memory predicted problem solving in non-amnestic-MCI, but not amnestic MCI.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that healthy older adults engage a range of cognitive skills (executive and memory skills) when they engage in everyday problem-solving. Executive and memory skills are also utilized for those with non-amnestic MCI when performing ADLs. Interestingly, in those exhibiting memory impairment and with increased risk for the Alzheimer’s type of dementia, memory and executive functions do not predict ADL problem solving. These findings indicate that people with amnestic-MCI may benefit from being given compensatory strategies to support their memory difficulties when they must perform everyday problem-solving.
A-086 When to Consider Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) in Ambiguous Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Presentation
Authors: M Ferris 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Recent literature has illustrated a need for a neuropsychological “endophenotype” in children with OCD. Further, the diagnostic issue of PANDAS appears to be one of the most controversial in the OCD literature. The following case illustrates the lack of diagnostic clarity in a comorbid presentation with ambiguous etiology.

Method
A 9-year-old male presented for neuropsychological testing due to difficulty controlling his anger, becoming physically aggressive, sleep disturbances, and a recent decline in academic performance. The patients biological parents noted recent instances of PICA and ritualistic behavior. No clear onset was disclosed. The examiners noticed hyperactivity, poor self-control, sensory seeking behaviors, vocal tics, and the inability to emotionally regulate in intake. Family history was negative for learning, social, or emotional disorders. Medical history was positive for numerous bouts of streptococcal pharyngitis. Results (included but not limited to): T.O.V.A (Attention Performance Index = −3.23). WISC-V: Working Memory Index = 72; 3rd percentile. Wisconsin Card Sorting Task: Unable to Complete. DKEFS: Trail Making Test: Condition 4 Number-Letter Switching: Profound Deficit. WISC-V: Visual Spatial Index = 67, 1st percentile. RCFT: Copy = &lt; 1st percentile. CVLT-C: Correct Recognition Hits = 1/15, &lt; 0.1 percentile. Symptoms of OCD are frequently hidden or poorly articulated, especially in younger children. Further, according to the OCD literature, fewer diagnostic issues appear to be as controversial as that of PANDAS. This case illustrates the importance of increasing our diagnostic understanding of PANDAS and the need for diagnostic clarity in co-morbid, severe psychopathology pediatric patients.
A-097 The Phenomenological Experience of Posttraumatic Stress Within an Electrical Injury Sample
Authors: M Obolsky , Z Resch , J Soble , J Paxton , J Fink , R Lee , N Pliskin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The symptom phenomenology of posttraumatic stress is poorly understood among electrical injury (EI) patients, despite the high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses after EI. This study explored how EI patients experience posttraumatic stress using the 3 symptom-cluster subscales from the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C).

Method
Cross-sectional analyses measured PTSD symptom severity and frequency using the PCL-C among 19 adult EI patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. The sample was 79% male, 68.4% Caucasian, 15.8% African American, 15.8% Hispanic, with mean age of 46.3 years (SD = 8.45) and mean education of 12.3 years (SD = 2.6).

Results
Mean PCL-C total score was 54.3 (SD = 12.4, range: 31–76). Fifteen participants had total scores exceeding the recommended cut-score of ≥44, indicating that they met criteria for presumptive PTSD diagnoses. On average, Cluster D (hyperarousal) symptoms were the most severe (M = 3.5/5) followed by Cluster C (avoidance/numbing) (M = 3.3/5) and Cluster B (re-experiencing) (M = 2.8/5). The most frequently endorsed symptoms were loss of pleasure (84%), sleep disturbance (84%), and difficulty concentrating (84%), which also were the most severe symptoms (M = 4.0/5; M = 3.9/5; M = 4.0/5, respectively). The two symptoms endorsed least often were repeated disturbing dreams of the stressful experience (42%) and reexperiencing the traumatic event (37%), and they were also the least severe (M = 2.6/5; M = 2.3/5, respectively).

Conclusions
In EI patients, general symptoms of psychological distress were more prominent than more prototypical trauma-related symptoms (e.g., re-experiencing, intrusive thoughts). Future research should examine if these symptoms of distress are unique to EI patients’ experiences of posttraumatic stress compared to other clinical populations.