bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dialectics of universality: The heterodox critical social theory of Robert Fine
Authors: Chernilo Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRobert Fine was among the most original social theorists in Britain of the past 30 years, and the aim of this paper is to offer a first systematic assessment of his intellectual contribution. There are sound intellectual reasons to explore Fine’s scholarship. He maintained a problematic relation with mainstream sociology and, against the reduction of sociology to questions of method, culture, or class, he argued that sociologists must continue to ask difficult normative questions as part of the social world they ought to explain. And there are also pressing political concerns that justify a reconsideration of his writings. Global politics is currently marked by a populist wave that decries the very ideas and values that were central to Fine’s social theory: the need to uphold the rule of law at home and abroad, the politics of cosmopolitan solidarity, and the significance of antisemitism and its relationships with different forms of authoritarian politics. My main argument is that there is a dialectics of universality that drives forward Fine’s intellectual project. By this, I mean that a universalistic idea of humanity—an all‐inclusive conception of all human beings—is the most important normative intuition of modern times. This idea of humanity moves forward in history through a dual process of emancipation and domination: successful forms of social, legal, and political inclusion help make visible previous dynamics of exclusion but may also create or recreate discriminatory practices. Building on the work of French historian Michael Löwy on heterodox Jewish thinkers, I explain the three main tenets of Fine’s work: (a) his reconstruction of critical social theory; (b) the notion of cosmopolitan solidarity; and (c) the significance and main features of modern antisemitism.
Graduate capabilities required of South African food science and technology students
Authors: Metcalfe Denise J. A. , Fourie Cornelius M. , Myburgh Christoffel P. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSouth African societal stakeholders are in general not satisfied with the work preparedness of newly graduated food science and technology students. There is currently little local literature available that defines the graduate capabilities required of newly graduated food scientists and technologists in South Africa. Therefore, the outcomes of an empirical analysis conducted through stakeholder engagement to identify the required graduate capabilities of newly graduated students in food science and technology are reported in this article. A self‐developed questionnaire, administered as a web‐based survey, was used to conduct a needs analysis to identify the required graduate capabilities. The results of this study showed that the identified graduate capabilities composed of generic graduate attributes, including the related employability skills and characteristics of graduateness, the desirable personal attributes, and the foundational food science and technology knowledge, skills, and competencies required to be an effective food science and/or technology graduate that meets the expectations of stakeholders within the South African context. Comparison with the minimum educational requirements of international food science and technology organizations, including the Institute of Food Technologists 2018 “Standards and Essential Learning Outcomes,” showed considerable overlap with the required graduate capabilities identified in this study. However, it was also shown that within the South African context some additional skills and competencies in food science and technology are required from South African graduates and that existing curricula must be aligned to fully prepare students to be workplace ready.
Impact of infliximab administration before plasma exchange therapy on patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Shimada Shun , Matsuoka Daisuke , Murase Tsubasa , Hachiya Akira , Motoki Noriko , Nakazawa Yozo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlasma exchange is a therapeutic option in refractory Kawasaki disease (KD). However, the effects of other immunosuppressive treatments on plasma exchange therapy have not been studied. We investigated the effect of infliximab on plasma exchange in KD as well as on the outcome in patients with KD. We studied 16 patients with intravenous immunoglobulin‐resistant KD who finally underwent plasma exchange. The patients were divided into two groups: patients who received infliximab before plasma exchange (infliximab group) and patients who did not (non‐infliximab group). The infliximab group showed a lesser median number of required total plasma exchange sessions (P = .002) and higher change and reduction rates in C‐reactive protein before and after the first plasma exchange (both P = .027) than that of the non‐infliximab group. Infliximab administered before plasma exchange reduced the number of total plasma exchange sessions and improved the plasma exchange efficacy.
Isolation and identification of antioxidant peptides from tartary buckwheat albumin (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) and their antioxidant activities
Authors: Luo Xiaoyu , Fei Ye , Xu Qingzhong , Lei Tingwen , Mo Xiaochuan , Wang Zhuting , Zhang Lilin , Mou Xia , Li Hongmei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) albumin was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease, and three new antioxidant peptides (P1, P2, and P3) were successfully separated from the hydrolysate (TBAH). The sequences of the three antioxidant peptides were Gly‐Glu‐Val‐Pro‐Trp (GEVPW), Tyr‐Met‐Glu‐Asn‐Phe (YMENF), and Ala‐Phe‐Tyr‐Arg‐Trp (AFYRW), and their molecular weights were 586.65, 702.79, and 741.85 Da, respectively. All three peptides have a good antioxidant capacity, and P3 (AFYRW) demonstrates the best antioxidant activity of the three. The IC50 values of AFYRW for scavenging hydroxyl radicals (OH·) and (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) DPPH· free radicals were 0.65 and 0.64 mM, respectively. In addition, AFYRW exhibits the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibition ability and the highest reducing power. The results of this research indicate that the three isolated peptides can be used in the development of various antioxidant additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Chemical and cytological evaluation of honeybee pollen antioxidant ability
Authors: Yang Yue , Liu Mingchang , Wang Kai , Yang Yange , Su Ning , Huang Wensheng , Wu Yajun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe crude flavonoid extract of pollen (CFP) of four species of honeybee pollens were extracted with ethanol, and the total flavonoid contents ranged from 3.4 to 14.5 mg rutin/g dry weight. The antioxidant activities of the CFPs were evaluated from both chemical and cytological aspects. Comprehensive antioxidant scores were determined based on these two evaluation systems. The results showed that canola CFP had the highest antioxidant capacity among the four CFPs. A cytotoxicity assay was conducted to assess the safety threshold of the CFPs, and canola CFP was proved to be the least toxic to vascular endothelial cell. Of the four tested CFPs, this research suggests that canola CFP is the most promising natural antioxidant. In addition, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis detected seven flavonoid glycosides in the hydrolysates of the four CFPs. Among them, quercetin and kaempferol were present in all four honeybee pollen extracts, but there were significant differences between their contents. A correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between the content of quercetin in the pollen extract and the extract's antioxidant activity.Practical ApplicationMany varieties of honeybee pollen are commercially available. The results of this study help guide consumers to choose honeybee pollens that have a better antioxidant effect. This report can also provide guidance and data in support of the development of honeybee pollen health products.
pH‐adjusted solvent extraction and reversed‐phase HPLC quantification of isoflavones from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Cho Chi‐Heung , Jung Young Sung , Nam Tae Gyu , Rha Chan‐Su , Ko Min‐Ji , Jang Davin , Kim Hong‐Sik , Kim Dae‐Ok 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr., are among the most important food crops worldwide. Isoflavones are major bioactive phytochemicals in soybeans, and have a variety of health benefits, including antioxidative, antiatherosclerotic, antiinflammatory, and weak estrogen‐like effects. The isoflavone content and composition of soybeans vary according to the cultivar and the extraction solvent conditions. Therefore, we investigated the effects of three different solvent pHs (1.0, 5.5, and 10.0) on the isoflavone, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacities of eight soybean cultivars developed in Korea. Twelve isoflavones in soybeans were efficiently separated and identified on a reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The percentage distribution of isoflavones measured by HPLC in the eight soybean cultivars at various extraction pHs decreased as follows: malonyl isoflavones (67.2% to 81.3%) > isoflavone glucosides (16.2% to 29.0%; as nonacylated form) > acetyl isoflavones (1.6% to 5.9%). The highest contents of isoflavone glucosides, malonyl derivatives, and acetyl derivatives were extracted at solvent pHs of 10.0, 1.0, and 5.5, respectively. The solvent extraction at pH 1.0 yielded a lower total isoflavone content than those at pHs 5.5 and 10.0. However, the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were extracted from soybeans at pH 1.0. Soybeans extracted at pH 10.0 displayed the highest antioxidant capacities in the 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical assay. Taken together, these results suggest that proper solvent pH adjustment is needed to maximize the extraction of targeted forms of isoflavones from soybeans.Practical ApplicationSoybeans contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including isoflavones, which function as antioxidants and weak phytoestrogens. Chemical and instrumental analyses can facilitate the selection of soybean cultivars with high amounts of isoflavones for soybean breeding and isoflavone‐enriched product development. Proper solvent pH adjustment allows for the efficient extraction of high amounts of targeted isoflavone subgroups (acetyl and malonyl forms) from soybeans for functional food products.
Cost‐effectiveness of the triple procedure – phacovitrectomy with posterior capsulotomy compared to phacovitrectomy and sequential procedures
Authors: Hertzberg Silvia N. W. , Veiby Nina C. B. B. , Bragadottir Ragnheidur , Eriksen Ketil , Moe Morten C. , Petrovski Beáta É. , Petrovski Goran 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of the triple procedure (phacovitrectomy + posterior capsulotomy, PhacoPPVc) compared to the double‐ (phacovitrectomy, PhacoPPV) or single sequential procedures.MethodsProspective study on 31 eyes from 31 patients (mean age: 72.1 ± 9.1 years; 55% females) was performed with a preoperative decision to undergo only pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) (26%) or PhacoPPV (74%) and/or posterior capsulotomy based upon presence or absence of lens opacification or pseudophakia. Time during and between surgeries, surgical procedure codes, medical and transport costs, outcome and likelihood of complications after surgery were all included in the analysis. Societal perspectives and visual acuity were considered as measures of quality of adjusted life years (QALYs).ResultsAbout 23 eyes underwent triple procedure and eight eyes underwent vitrectomy only (mean surgery times: 35.9 and 24.0 min, respectively). Posterior capsulotomy took on average 30 s, while preparation and cataract procedure took 13.0 min. The patients travelled on average 80km (average cost: $280.12) to the surgery unit. The average reimbursement fee for the day procedures ranged between $174.17 (YAG capsulotomy; Diagnosis Related Group (DRG): 0.034), $1045.48 (Phaco + intraocular lens (IOL); DRG: 0.204) and $1701.32 (PPV; DRG: 0.332). The combined procedures excluded lens and laser reimbursements, while the calculated reimbursements for the double/triple procedures were $2713.08/$2901.45, respectively, without significant loss of QALYs. PhacoPPVc was found to be unequivocally cost‐effective, while PhacoPPV remained cost saving compared to sequential procedures.ConclusionThis study confirms that the triple procedure has benefits to the patients, health institution and surgeon. For patients, it saves them travel and healing time; for health institution, it justifies the calculated higher costs and need for higher reimbursement for the double/triple procedures, which are cost saving.
The effects of meclizine on motion sickness revisited
Authors: Wibble Tobias , Engström Johanna , Verrecchia Luca , Pansell Tony 
Published: February 2020

AimsAntihistamines make up the first line of treatments against motion‐sickness. Still, their efficacy and specific mechanism have come into question. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of meclizine on motion‐sensitivity.MethodsThis study was carried out as a triple‐blinded randomized trial involving 12 healthy subjects who were exposed to (i) vestibular (VES), (ii) visual (VIS) and (iii) visual–vestibular (VIS+VES) stimulations in the roll plane. Subjects were divided into 2 groups by stratified randomization, receiving either meclizine or a placebo. Stimulations were carried out before, and after, drug administration, presented at 2 intensity levels of 14 and 28°/s2. Eye movements were tracked, and torsional slow‐phase velocities, amplitudes and nystagmus beats were retrieved. Subjects initially graded for their motion‐sickness susceptibility.ResultsSusceptibility had no effect on intervention outcome. Despite large variations, repeated ANOVAS showed that meclizine led to a relative increase in torsional velocity compared to placebo during vestibular stimulation for both intensities: 2.36 (7.65) from −0.01 (4.17) during low intensities, and 2.61 (6.67) from −3.49 (4.76) during high. The visual–vestibular stimuli yielded a decrease during low acceleration, −0.40 (3.87) from 3.75 (5.62), but increased during high, 3.88 (6.51) from −3.88 (8.55).ConclusionsMeclizine had an inhibitory effect on eye movement reflexes for low accelerations during VIS+VES trials. This indicates that meclizine may not primarily work through sensory‐specific mechanisms, but rather on a more central level. Practically, meclizine shows promise in targeting motion‐sickness evoked by everyday activities, but its use may be counterproductive in high‐acceleration environments.
Cannabidiol protects against high glucose‐induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in cardiac voltage‐gated sodium channels
Authors: Fouda Mohamed A. , Ghovanloo Mohammad‐Reza , Ruben Peter C. 
Published: February 2020

Background and PurposeCardiovascular complications are the major cause of mortality in diabetic patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes‐associated arrhythmias are unclear. We hypothesized that high glucose could adversely affect Nav1.5, the major cardiac sodium channel isoform of the heart, at least partially via oxidative stress. We further hypothesized that cannabidiol (CBD), one of the main constituents of Cannabis sativa, through its effects on Nav1.5, could protect against high glucose‐elicited oxidative stress and cytotoxicity.Experimental ApproachTo test these ideas, we used CHO cells transiently co‐transfected with cDNA encoding human Nav1.5 α‐subunit under control and high glucose conditions (50 or 100 mM for 24 hr). Several experimental and computational techniques were used, including voltage clamp of heterologous expression systems, cell viability assays, fluorescence assays and action potential modelling.Key ResultsHigh glucose evoked cell death associated with elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) right shifted the voltage dependence of conductance and steady‐state fast inactivation, and increased persistent current leading to computational prolongation of action potential (hyperexcitability) which could result in long QT3 arrhythmia. CBD mitigated all the deleterious effects provoked by high glucose. Perfusion with lidocaine (a well‐known sodium channel inhibitor with antioxidant effects) or co‐incubation of Tempol (a well‐known antioxidant) elicited protection, comparable to CBD, against the deleterious effects of high glucose.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings suggest that, through its favourable antioxidant and sodium channel inhibitory effects, CBD may protect against high glucose‐induced arrhythmia and cytotoxicity.
Job satisfaction and co‐worker pay in Canadian firms
Authors: Javdani Mohsen , Krauth Brian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne reason to be concerned about income inequality is the idea that people care about not only their own absolute income but also their income relative to various reference groups (co‐workers, friends, neighbours, relatives, etc.). We use Canadian linked employer–employee data to estimate the casual effect of co‐worker pay on a worker's reported job and pay satisfaction. Since worker satisfaction can affect the worker's productivity, organizational commitment, turnover, creativity and innovation as well as the firm's productivity and profitability, this is an issue that requires more attention and careful examination. In models that control for a rich set of workplace characteristics, we find that co‐worker pay has a large positive and significant effect on both pay and job satisfaction. In our preferred models with establishment‐level fixed effects, the effect of co‐worker pay on pay satisfaction is half as large and the effect on job satisfaction completely disappears, suggesting that part (all) of what previous studies attribute to the effect of co‐worker pay on worker pay (job) satisfaction is driven by unobserved heterogeneity across firms or establishments. Our results also suggest that the effect of co‐worker pay on worker satisfaction is much stronger for workers who leave their job during the following year. Finally, we find that while co‐worker pay has a positive effect on pay satisfaction among Canadian‐born whites, it has a negative effect among immigrants and Canadian‐born visible minorities.
Cow’s milk allergy prevention and treatment by heat‐treated whey—A study in Brown Norway rats
Authors: Graversen Katrine B. , Ballegaard Anne‐Sofie R. , Kræmer Louise H. , Hornslet Sofie E. , Sørensen Laila V. , Christoffersen Heidi F. , Jacobsen Lotte N. , Untersmayr Eva , Smit Joost J. , Bøgh Katrine L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFood processing, including heat‐treatment, can affect protein structure and stability, and consequently affect protein immunogenicity and allergenicity. A few studies have shown that structural changes induced by heat‐treatment impact the intestinal protein uptake and suggest this as a contributing factor for altered allergenicity.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of heat‐treatment of a whey‐based protein product on allergenicity and tolerogenicity as well as on intestinal uptake in various animal models.MethodsImmunogenicity and sensitizing capacity of the heat‐treated whey product were compared to that of the unmodified product by intraperitoneal and oral exposure studies, while tolerogenic properties were assessed by oral primary prevention and desensitization studies in high‐IgE responder Brown Norway rats.ResultsHeat‐treatment of whey induced partial protein denaturation and aggregation, which reduced the intraperitoneal sensitizing capacity but not immunogenicity. In contrast, heat‐treatment did not influence the oral sensitizing capacity, but the heat‐treated whey showed a significantly reduced eliciting capacity compared to unmodified whey upon oral challenge. Heat‐treatment did not reduce the tolerogenic properties of whey, as both products were equally good at preventing sensitization in naïve rats as well as desensitizing already sensitized rats. Results from inhibitory ELISA and immunoblots with sera from sensitized rats demonstrated that heat‐treatment caused an altered protein and epitope reactivity. Protein uptake studies showed that heat‐treatment changed the route of uptake with less whey being absorbed through the epithelium but more into the Peyer's patches.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThese results support the notion that the physicochemical features of proteins affect their route of uptake and that the route of uptake may affect the protein allergenicity. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential for heat‐treatment in the production of efficient and safe cow's milk protein‐based products for prevention and treatment of cow's milk allergy.
Attachment security differs by later autism spectrum disorder: A prospective study
Authors: Martin Katherine B. , Haltigan John D. , Ekas Naomi , Prince Emily B. , Messinger Daniel S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough difficulties with social relationships are key to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), no previous study has examined infant attachment security prior to ASD diagnosis. We prospectively assessed attachment security at 15 months in high‐risk infants with later ASD (high‐risk/ASD, n = 16), high‐risk infants without later ASD (high‐risk/no‐ASD, n = 40), and low‐risk infants without later ASD (low‐risk/no‐ASD, n = 39) using the Strange Situation Procedure. High‐risk/ASD infants were disproportionately more likely to be classified as insecure (versus secure) and more likely to be classified as insecure‐resistant (versus secure or avoidant) than high‐risk/no‐ASD and low‐risk/no‐ASD infants. High‐risk infants with insecure‐resistant attachments were over nine times more likely to receive an ASD diagnosis than high‐risk infants with secure attachments. Insecure‐resistant attachment in high‐risk infants suggests a propensity toward negative affect with the parent in conditions of stress. Insecure‐resistant attachment may prove useful as a potential early index of propensity toward ASD diagnosis in high‐risk siblings, while insecure‐resistant attachment in the context of emergent autism may contribute to difficulties experienced by children with ASD and their families.
Global work index correlates with established prognostic parameters of heart failure
Authors: Hedwig Felix , Soltani Sajjad , Stein Julia , Schoenrath Felix , Potapov Evgenij , Knosalla Christoph , Falk Volkmar , Knebel Fabian , Knierim Jan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimIdentification of patients with heart failure and a poor prognosis is paramount to ensure timely and adequate treatment. We investigated the relationship between the new measures of noninvasive pressure‐strain analysis, such as the global work index (GWI), and established prognostic parameters of echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX), and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro‐BNP).Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively analyzed data of 51 patients with heart failure. Echocardiography and CPX were performed, and NT‐pro‐BNP was determined. Patients with a GWI < 500 mm Hg% had a mean LVEDV of 286.1 ± 100.8 mL, an LVEF of 21.3 ± 5.7%, and a stroke volume (SV) of 45.9 ± 11.6 mL, and patients with a GWI > 1000 mm Hg% had an LVEDV of 147.9 ± 39.6 mL, an LVEF of 42.6 ± 4.8%, and a SV of 70.9 ± 14.3 mL. The GWI also showed a significant correlation with peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) (r = .521; P < .001) and with NT‐pro‐BNP (r = .635; P < .001). Patients with a GWI of <500 mm Hg% had a significantly higher NT‐pro‐BNP (median 2415 pg/mL [IQR 1071, 5933]) and a lower peak VO2 (9.5 mL/min/kg ± 2.6) compared to patients with a GWI of >1000 mm Hg% (NT‐pro‐BNP median 253 pg/mL [IQR 150, 549]; peak VO2 15.6 ± 4.2 mL/min/kg).ConclusionGWI correlates with known prognostic markers of heart failure. A GWI of <500 mm Hg% was a predictor of severely impaired ejection fraction, very low exercise capacity, and strongly elevated NT‐pro‐BNP, indicating a poor prognosis.