bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Lichens reveal the quality of indoor air in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Abas Azlan , Mazlan Sytty Mazian , Latif Mohd Talib , Aiyub Kadaruddin , Muhammad Norhayati , Nadzir Mohd Shahrul Mohd 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a concern in kindergartens as children spend much of their time there. Yet, there is a shortage of biological indicators needed for assessing IAQ. Thus, this study evaluated IAQ using transplanted lichen Usnea misaminensis as a biological indicator.

Methods
Lichen samples, collected from Bukit Larut, Perak, Malaysia, were exposed to indoor and outdoor environments in an urban area (Ummi Aiman Kindergarten) and a rural area (Ummi Qaseh Pelangi Kindergarten) for 2 months during August 15 to October 14, 2019. The concentrations of 12 selected elements and the vitality of the lichens were then evaluated.

Results
Increased concentrations of eleven of the twelve elements deposited in the lichen samples in both urban and rural areas were observed. For both areas, the element concentrations in the samples from the indoor environment was lower than those from the outdoor environment, and those in the rural area were lower than those from in the urban area, suggesting the impacts of traffic emissions. The vitality of the lichens showed no significant change in indoor environment, compared to that in outdoor environment, indicating that even exposed to indoor environment, the lichens remained effective biological indicators as same as they were in the outdoor environment.

Conclusions
Lichens are effective biological indicators for both outdoor and indoor environments. Furthermore, outdoor emissions could influence IAQ, which could be problematic in densely populated areas such as kindergartens. Mitigation measures should be taken.
Safety and efficacy study: Short-term application of radiofrequency ablation and stereotactic body radiotherapy for Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer stage 0–B1 hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Feiqian , Numata Kazushi , Takeda Atsuya , Ogushi Katsuaki , Fukuda Hiroyuki , Hara Koji , Chuma Makoto , Eriguchi Takahisa , Tsurugai Yuichirou , Maeda Shin 
Published: January 2021

AimTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of the administration of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the short term to the same patients in Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages 0–B1.MethodsFrom April 2014 to June 2019, we retrospectively reviewed BCLC stage 0–B1 patients with fresh hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions that were repeatedly treated by RFA (control group, n = 72), and by RFA and subsequent SBRT (case group, n = 26). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce the selection bias between two groups. Recurrence, survival, Child–Pugh scores and short-term side effects (fever, bleeding, skin change, abdominal pain and fatigue) were recorded and analyzed.ResultsAfter PSM, 21 patients remained in each group. Seventeen and 20 patients in the case and control groups experienced recurrence. For these patients, the median times to progression and follow-up were 10.7 and 35.8 months, respectively. After PSM, the 1-year progression-free survival rate in case and control groups were 66.7% and 52.4%, respectively (P = 0.313). The inter-group overall survival (OS) was comparable (3 and 5-year OS rates in case groups were 87.3% and 74.8%, while rates in control groups were 73.7% and 46.3%, respectively;P= 0.090). The short-term side effects were mild, and the incidence showed no inter-group difference. The 1-year rates of the Child–Pugh score deterioration of ≥2 in case and control groups were 23.8% and 33.3% (P> 0.05), respectively.ConclusionThe short-term administration of RFA and SBRT to the same BCLC stage 0–B1 patients may be feasible and effective because of their good prognosis and safety.
The Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio and Return on Equity on Stock Price in Jakarta Islamic Index Companies on Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2015-2019
Authors: Juwita Chairunisa Puspa , Diana Nana 
Published: January 2021

The main purpose of this study is to test the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity Ratio (ROE) on Stock Price in the Jakarta Islamic Index Companies period 2015-2109. This study used quantitative research by using a purposive sampling method and obtained 12 samples. The data obtained by the annual company financial report of JII companies during 2015-2019. The method used is descriptive statistical analysis through the classical assumption test to analyze data and multiple linear regression. Data testing used SPSS Statistics 22. The result of this study shows DER does not affect the stock price partially and ROE has a significant positive effect on the stock price while simultaneously debt to equity ratio and return on equity affect the stock price.
Multifocal insulinoma secondary to insulinomatosis: persistent hypoglycaemia despite total pancreatectomy
Authors: Snaith Jennifer R , McLeod Duncan , Richardson Arthur , Chipps David 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Insulinomatosis is a rare cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. The ideal management approach is not known. A 40-year-old woman with recurrent symptomatic hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia was diagnosed with an insulinoma. A benign 12 mm pancreatic head insulinoma was resected but hypoglycaemia recurred 7 years later. A benign 10 mm pancreatic head insulinoma was then resected but hypoglycaemia recurred within 2 months. Octreotide injections were trialled but exacerbated hypoglycaemia. After a 2-year interval, she underwent total pancreatectomy. A benign 28 mm pancreatic head insulinoma was found alongside insulin-expressing monohormonal endocrine cell clusters (IMECCs) and islet cell hyperplasia, consistent with a diagnosis of insulinomatosis. Hypoglycaemia recurred within 6 weeks. There was no identifiable lesion on MRI pancreas, Ga-68 PET or FDG PET. Diazoxide and everolimus were not tolerated. MEN-1 testing was negative. Insulinomatosis should be suspected in insulinomas with early recurrence or multifocality. De novo lesions can arise throughout the pancreas. Extensive surgery will assist diagnosis but may not provide cure.

Learning points:

Insulinomas are usually benign and managed surgically.

Insulinomatosis is characterised by multifocal benign insulinomas with a tendency to recur early. It is rare.

Multifocal or recurrent insulinomas should raise suspicion of MEN-1 syndrome, or insulinomatosis.

Insulinomatosis is distinguished histologically by insulin-expressing monohormonal endocrine cell clusters (IMECCs) and tumour staining only for insulin, whereas MEN-1 associated insulinomas stain for multiple hormones.

The ideal treatment strategy is unknown. Total pancreatectomy may not offer cure.
Knowability as De Re Modality: A Certain Solution to Fitch Paradox
Authors: Jarmużek Tomasz , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Palczewski Rafał 
Published: January 2021

Poznawalność jako modalność de re: pewne rozwiązanie paradoksu Fitcha
W artykule staramy się znaleźć nowe, intuicyjne rozwiązanie paradoksu Fitcha. Twierdzimy, że tradycyjne wyrażenie zasady poznawalności (p → ◊Kp) opiera się na błędnym rozumieniu poznawalności jako modalności de dicto. Zamiast tego proponujemy rozumieć poznawalność jako modalność de re. W artykule przedstawiamy minimalną logikę poznawalności, w której zasada poznawalności jest ważna, ale paradoks Fitcha już nie obowiązuje. Logikę charakteryzujemy semantycznie, a także poprzez podejście aksjomatyczne i tabelaryczne.
Przeciwwirusowe związki izolowane z roślin
Authors: Nawrot Robert , Warowicka Alicja , Musidlak Oskar , Węglewska Martyna , Bałdysz Sophia , Goździcka-Józefiak Anna 
Published: January 2021

Wirusy są wewnątrzkomórkowymi patogenami, które wykorzystują liczne procesy komórkowe oraz białka i czynniki wirusowe do swojej replikacji. Obecnie nie ma odpowiednich środków umożliwiających zwalczanie licznych zakażeń wirusowych.
Skuteczny lek przeciwwirusowy nie powinien uszkadzać komórkowych procesów metabolicznych w zakażonej komórce, jak również w komórkach niezainfekowanych. Rośliny stanowią potencjalne źródło czynników przeciwwirusowych, takich jak: alkaloidy, flawonoidy, kwasy fenolowe, fenylopropanoidy, ligniny, terpenoidy, chininy, taniny, tiofeny, poliacetyleny czy białka. Niektóre z tych czynników wykazują szerokie spektrum aktywności przeciwwirusowej.
The Importance of Theory to Inform Practice – Theorizing the Current Trends of Clinical Teaching: A Narrative Review
Authors: Abdullah Omer Ahmad AbdulAzeem 
Published: January 2021

Clinical teaching lies at the heart of physicians’ training; however, it is often opportunistic, haphazard, and lacks a theoretical foundation. Medical education is a profession that requires robust scientific methods and an evidence-based approach driven by accountability and patient safety concerns in the healthcare provision nowadays. Learning theories are increasingly applied in the realm of medicine with implications to the quality of teaching and learning in the clinical environment and the professional growth of medical graduates. These theories elucidate the basic tenets ambient to the intricate process of learning and answer some basic questions of how people learn. Educational theories provide a myriad of benefits to the teaching and learning approaches in the clinical environment. It arms teachers with a repertoire of educational tools and sets out principles to justify their use and predict the conditions under which they may likely work. It enables clinicians to design their teaching based on well-developed objectives and robust methods for their evaluation. As such, learners’ capacity to achieve clinical competence is enhanced and their identity formation and other essential attributes of clinical expertise are potentiated. However, it has been reported that learning theories are neither well-articulated in clinical teaching nor educators and clinicians are formally trained on their application in the clinical context. Continuous professional development and faculty training about learning theories are essential to lift their capability to teach effectively in the clinical environment. This article revisited the main learning theories and discusses their application to enhance teaching and learning in the clinical context.
Key words: clinical teaching, educational perspectives, learning theories
SKILL DEVELOPMENT: VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS & INDUSTRY ENGAGEMENT IN THE GARMENT AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Authors: Quang Tri Tran , Pimpa Nattavud , Burgess John 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: Due to changes in the occupational structure and the new regulations in all global industries, skill development is critical for stakeholders from the local governments and industry persons. This study explores how companies and technical vocational education and training (TVET) institutions in Vietnam can promote new ways of skill development for the future workforce in the garment and textile industry. It aims to address issues that impede collaboration among both parties to promote the development of key future skills in the garment industry.
Methodology: Qualitative approach, using personal interview and secondary data, is adopted in this study. The research team conducted 54 semi-structured interviews with key informants in the garment industry and the vocational education and training sector. They include managers, teachers, and trainers, and students, the content analysis was performed in the data analysis process.
Main Findings: This study shows some complacencies in strong supports among stakeholders in the garment industry. Training institutions need to be upgrading their teaching staff and their skills, the institution curriculum, and the relationship with industry. Developing a relevant curriculum that meets the required skills is a starting point for TVET institutions in Vietnam. To strengthen the collaboration between institutions and enterprises, the government needs policies that support formal training and ongoing training, allowing the skill development for new employees as well as upgrading the skills of existing employees.
Applications of this study: The results of this study can be adopted by TVET institutions aiming at improving their industry engagement and skill-building for future graduates. Moreover, it can be used as a basis for policy development in skill development. Skill gaps are one of the key determinants of training investment made by firms and workers in the garment industry. Given the changing face of the labor market, both workers who are just entering the labor force and those that are already in the workforce have to be willing to learn new skills.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is specific to the global garment and textile industry, which is important and somewhat underestimate. The findings from this study can also apply to garment and textile from most developing countries aiming at improving their industry-education engagement strategies, by some Governments and policymakers in TVET.
Rezensionen
Authors: Kwiecińska Grażyna , Krolik Patricia , Krauze-Olejniczak Alicja , Schatte Czesława , Klentak-Zabłocka Małgorzata , Belczyk-Kohl Yvonne 
Published: January 2021

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FORMULATION OF RULES CONCERNING ABORTION AGAINST OF VICTIMS RAPE: BETWEEN POSITIVE LAW AND FUTURE LAW
Authors: Ramiyanto Ramiyanto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This paper aims to describe the rules regarding abortion of victims of rape in the positive law and law that may apply within the future. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that abortion of victims of rape in the positive law isn’t prohibited and the offenders are not sentenced as stated in Law no. 36 of 2009 and the Law of Child Protection. This also applies to a woman who has an abortion for her pregnancy as a result of rape. In the future law, abortion of victims of rape is also not prohibited, but can only be performed by a doctor. The Draft Criminal Code doesn’t stipulate that abortion can also be performed by rape victims themselves. Even so, the rules contained in the Draft Criminal Code still cannot be applied to rape victims who have had an abortion for their pregnancy because positive laws (especially Law No. 36 of 2009 and the Law of Child Protection) have not been revoked by the Draft Criminal Code. In this context, the principle of “lex specialist derogat lex generalist” applies, namely Law no. 36 of 2009 and the Law of Child Protection as laws that are specific override general laws. For the sake of legal certainty, the Draft Criminal Code should confirm prohibited and non-prohibited abortion. The future law needs to be synchronized or harmonized with the positive law. If it’s not prohibited, the granting of permission to abortion for victims of rape should be given strictly so, it’s not abused.
Keywords: Formulation, Abortion, Victim of Rape, Positive Law, Future Law
Le projet « Mille Génomes Gallus » : partager les données de séquences pour mieux les utiliser
Authors: TIXIER-BOICHARD Michèle , LECERF Frédéric , HÉRAULT Frédéric , BARDOU Philippe , KLOPP Christophe 
Published: January 2021

Le séquençage du génome entier est devenu abordable chez la poule. Le projet « Mille Génomes Gallus » a pour objectif de rassembler les séquences d’animaux du genre Gallus, produites dans des projets de recherche. L’intérêt est d’augmenter la puissance des analyses génomiques en augmentant le nombre de génomes comparés. Les applications possibles concernent l’analyse de la structure du génome, la caractérisation globale de la diversité de l’espèce, l’identification de mutations causales et l’aide à la sélection génomique. Cette synthèse décrit d’abord le contexte de la génomique de la poule avant de développer le concept de « Mille Génomes », de l’illustrer avec un projet pilote porté par des équipes françaises et de discuter les modalités de son extension. Le projet pilote français regroupe 207 séquences individuelles pour 8 projets de recherches financés par des fonds publics, sur une large gamme de populations (poulets de chair, poules pondeuses, races locales, espèces sauvages). Les jeux de données sont décrits par des métadonnées techniques et des métadonnées liées à l’animal et sa population d’origine. Aucune information phénotypique n’est partagée. La comparaison des séquences à la version 5 du génome de référence a permis de répertorier plus de 40 millions de variants SNP. L’analyse de structure des populations a identifié sept groupes génétiques. Le gène MC1R a été choisi comme exemple permettant de détecter une signature de sélection chez les pondeuses de plumage rouge et d’autres gènes candidats sont en cours d’étude sur la qualité de coquille. D’autres données produites en Europe et en Chine montrent que 1000 génomes de poule ont déjà été séquencés. Les principes d’un accord de consortium sont exposés afin d’élargir notre projet à un plus grand nombre de données de séquence.
A Computational Study for Identifying Agronomically Essential Biomarkers Using nsSNP Data of Korean Soybeans
Authors: Jung Yongwoon , You Nahyun , Nam Sangyong 
Published: January 2021

Soybean is a highly nutritious legume grown globally as a food and feed crop. An examination of a collection of 10 cultivated and 6 wild Korean soybean varieties showed that there is phenotypic variability notable in different soybeans. Therefore, to develop a list of biomarker candidates useful for growing soybeans of better quality and quantity, the genes of 16 Korean soybean varieties were compared with those of the reference Glycine max var. Williams 82. The comparison was made through gene sequencing to facilitate selection of nsSNPs. The objective of the study was to find out the structural and functional variations caused by nsSNPs and discuss whether the collection of Korean soybean varieties qualifies as biomarkers based on their phenotypic traits.
Analysis of the data collected was done using four software: SIFT, Polyphen, PANTHER, and I-mutant 2.0, which are designed to detect the rate of functional and structural variations caused by the nsSNPs in cultivated and wild soybean varieties. Genotypic information obtained in the analysis was used to develop a core collection of biomarkers based on whether nsSNP content was found in more than half of the 16 samples. Therefore, the list of biomarker candidates developed from this study showed that Korean soybean could provide valuable information needed in both future crop genetic research and identification of biomarkers.
Out-of-Pocket Payments for Health Care Under the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana: What Do Insured Clients Pay for?
Authors: Akweongo Patricia , Aikins Moses , Wyss Kaspar , Salari Paola , Tediosi Fabrizio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background In 2003, Ghana implemented a national health insurance scheme (NHIS) designed to promote universal health coverage and equitable access to health care. The scheme has largely been successful, yet it is confronted with many challenges threatening its sustainability. Out-of-pocket payments (OOP) by insured clients is one such challenges of the scheme. This study sought to examine the types of services OOP charges are made for, who pays these charges and how much clients pay out-of-pocket.Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional health facility survey. A total of 2066 respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaires at the point of health care exit in the Ashanti, Northern and Central regions of Ghana. Health facilities of different levels were selected from 3 districts in each of the three regions. Data were collected between April and June 2018. Using Epidata and STATA Version 13.1 data analyses were done using multiple logistic regression and simple descriptive statistics and results presented as proportions and means.Results Of all survey respondents 49.7% reported paying out-of-pocket for out-patient health care while 48.6% of insured clients paid out-of-pocket. 42% of the insured poorest quintile also paid out-of-pocket. Respondents suffered fever-malaria like symptoms (45.7%). Insured clients paid for consultation (75%) and drugs (68.5%) and 34.9% purchased drugs outside the health facility visited. The unavailability of the drugs (67.9%) and drugs not covered by the NHIS (20.8%) led to out-of-pocket payments. On average patients paid GHS33.00 (USD6.6) out-of-pocket. Compared to the Northern region, patients living in the Ashanti region were 4.4 times more at odds to pay out-of-pocket for health care. Conclusions and recommendations Insured clients of Ghana’s NHIS seeking health care in accredited health facilities make out-of-pocket payments for consultation and drugs that are covered by the scheme. The out-of-pocket payments are largely attributed to unavailability of drugs at the facilities and occur in disadvantaged regions and in all health facilities. Out-of-pocket payments under NHIS implications for unequal access to insured services.
Effect Of Carbon Black Loading On Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Properties
Authors: Al-Qahtani Noora , Al-Ejji Maryam , Ouederni Mabrouk , AlMaadeed Mariam , Madi Nabil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The mechanical, thermal, electrical, reheology, and morphological properties of composites made from linear low-density polyethylene and carbon black (CB) content of 5%, 10%, and 20% by weight were investigated. The optimum mechanical and electrical properties performance was achieved with the adding of 5% carbon black. The drop in properties after adding more CB is due to agglomeration and poor dispersion of carbon particles in the polymer matrix. CB resulted in higher dynamic viscosity and storage modulus at low frequencies, although this phenomenon was reversed at high frequencies. CB resulted in more shear thinning of LLDPE at high shear rates.