bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-143-3p impacts on pulmonary inflammatory factors and cell apoptosis in mice with mycoplasmal pneumonia by regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Wang Yongjun , Li Huan , Shi Yongsheng , Wang Shuying , Xu Yan , Li Hanyi , Liu Donghai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
miR-143-3p is correlated with inflammatory pain responses, such as hsa-miR-143-3p expression reduction in fibromyalgia. The present study aimed to explore the effects of miR-143-3p and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/NF-κB signaling pathway on pulmonary inflammatory factors levels and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in mycoplasmal pneumonia mice. Twenty mice were selected as normal group. The 120 successfully modeled Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection mice were randomly divided into model group (without any treatment), negative control (NC) group (injected with NC mimic), miR-143-3p mimic group (injected with miR-143-3p mimic), miR-143-3p inhibitor group (injected with miR-143-3p inhibitor), TAK-242 group (treatment with TAK-242), and miR-143-3p inhibitor + TAK-242 group (treatment with miR-143-3p inhibitor + TAK-242). Compared with model group, model mice had up-regulated miR-143-3p expression and decreased MyD88 and p-NF-κB p50 protein expressions (all P&lt;0.05); Model mice treated with miR-143-3p mimic and TAK-242 had reduced interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α contents and protein expressions of MyD88, p-NF-κB p50, increased IL-10 content, fewer alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, lower Bax expression and higher Bcl-2 expression (all P&lt;0.05); however, mice with miR-143-3p inhibitor treatment showed opposite trends in terms of above indicators. The exacerbation of mycoplasmal pneumonia caused by miR-143-3p inhibitor was partly improved by miR-143-3p inhibitor + TAK-242 combination treatment (all P&lt;0.05). Therefore, up-regulation of miR-143-3p expression may ameliorate pulmonary inflammatory factors levels and reduce alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in mycoplasmal pneumonia mice by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities
Authors: Merritt Brooke , Bent Tessa 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers.

Method
Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task.

Results
Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine.

Conclusions
Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158
Helicity proxies from linear polarisation of solar active regions
Authors: Prabhu A. , Brandenburg A. , Käpylä M. J. , Lagg A. 
Published: June 2020

Context.Theαeffect is believed to play a key role in the generation of the solar magnetic field. A fundamental test for its significance in the solar dynamo is to look for magnetic helicity of opposite signs both between the two hemispheres as well as between small and large scales. However, measuring magnetic helicity is compromised by the inability to fully infer the magnetic field vector from observations of solar spectra, caused by what is known as theπambiguity of spectropolarimetric observations.Aims.We decompose linear polarisation into parity-even and parity-oddEandBpolarisations, which are not affected by theπambiguity. Furthermore, we study whether the correlations of spatial Fourier spectra ofBand parity-even quantities such asEor temperatureTare a robust proxy for magnetic helicity of solar magnetic fields.Methods.We analysed polarisation measurements of active regions observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics observatory. Theory predicts the magnetic helicity of active regions to have, statistically, opposite signs in the two hemispheres. We then computed the parity-oddEBandTBcorrelations and tested for a systematic preference of their sign based on the hemisphere of the active regions.Results.We find that: (i)EBandTBcorrelations are a reliable proxy for magnetic helicity, when computed from linear polarisation measurements away from spectral line cores; and (ii)Epolarisation reverses its sign close to the line core. Our analysis reveals that Faraday rotation does not have a significant influence on the computed parity-odd correlations.Conclusions.TheEBdecomposition of linear polarisation appears to be a good proxy for magnetic helicity independent of theπambiguity. This allows us to routinely infer magnetic helicity directly from polarisation measurements.
Anästhesiebezogene Hygiene und Infektionsprävention bei Operationen
Authors: Tatzel Johannes , Brinkmann Alexander , Kaltwasser Arnold , Dubb Rolf , Nachtigall Irit 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch die Prozeduren rund um eine Operation kann beim Patienten eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Infektionen entstehen – nicht nur die postoperative Wundinfektion. Die Anästhesie kann einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Prävention dieser Infektionen leisten. Dieser Artikel führt entlang des Narkoseverlaufs – Narkoseeinleitung, während der Operation und Nachbereitung – durch die anästhesiespezifischen Besonderheiten der Hygiene.
Practical Guidance of the GTH Haemophilia Board on the Use of Emicizumab in Patients with Haemophilia A
Authors: Holstein Katharina , Albisetti Manuela , Bidlingmaier Christoph , Halimeh Susan , Heine Sabine , Klamroth Robert , Königs Christoph , Kurnik Karin , Male Christoph , Oldenburg Johannes , Streif Werner , Wermes Cornelia , Escuriola-Ettingshausen Carmen ,   on behalf of the ‘Ständige Kommission Hämophilie’ (Haemophilia board) of the German, Swiss Austrian Society for Thrombosis Haemostasis Research (GTH)
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmicizumab has been approved for bleeding prophylaxis in patients with haemophilia A (PWHAs) with or without inhibitors. Because of substantial differences between factor VIII (FVIII) and Emicizumab, the ‘Ständige Kommission Hämophilie’ of the German, Austrian, Swiss Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH) established a practical guidance for the use of Emicizumab in PWHAs. A systematic literature research was conducted in PubMed. Based on this and on personal experience, this practical guidance has been developed. Each single statement has been discussed among members of the ‘Ständige Kommission Hämophilie’ and revised accordingly. The final set of recommendations has been approved by all authors analogous to the Delphi method. This practical guidance is provided for physicians treating PWHAs with regard to general aspects, patient education, bleeding treatment, surgery, use of Emicizumab in previously untreated patients (PUPs), patients with newly diagnosed inhibitors and elderly patients. Patients should be treated in expert centres and adequate laboratory tests to monitor Emicizumab levels, FVIII replacement and inhibitors should be available. Early experience of immune tolerance induction protocols integrating Emicizumab is reviewed, and the limited experience in PUPs and very young children is described. So far, no thromboembolic complications have been reported with the concomitant use of FVIII or recombinant activated FVII for bleeding treatment or surgery. Activated prothrombin complex concentrate doses of >100 U/kg for >24 hours should be avoided whenever possible because of the high risk of thrombosis and/or thrombotic microangiopathy. In conclusion, this study is designed to support haemophilia physicians using Emicizumab in physicians treating hemophilia and using (PWHAs). With further post-marketing experience and trials, regular updates are necessary.
Behandlung der Ösophagusatresie mit unterer
tracheoösophagealer Fistel – Zusammenfassung der aktuellen
S2K-Leitlinie der DGKCH
Authors: Mayer Steffi , Gitter Heidrun , Göbel Peter , Hirsch Franz Wolfgang , Höhne Claudia , Hosie Stuart , Hubertus Jochen , Leutner Andreas , Muensterer Oliver , Schmittenbecher Peter , Seidl Elias , Stepan Holger , Thome Ulrich , Till Holger , Widenmann-Grolig Anke , Lacher Martin 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Ösophagusatresie (ÖA) ist eine angeborene
Kontinuitätsunterbrechung der Speiseröhre mit oder ohne Fistel
zur Trachea (Tracheoösophageale Fistel, TÖF). Je nach Abstand
zwischen den beiden Ösophagusenden unterscheidet man eine
„kurzstreckige“ von einer „langstreckigen“ Form.
Bis zu 50% der Neugeborenen weisen weitere Anomalien auf. Eine
pränatale Diagnose der ÖA gelingt in 32–63% der
Fälle. Die interdisziplinäre Betreuung dieser Kinder hat sich in
den letzten Jahren gewandelt. In der folgenden Arbeit wird die aktuelle
S2K-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinderchirurgie zur
Behandlung der ÖA mit unterer TÖF, die etwa 90% aller
Fälle ausmacht, zusammengefasst. Hierzu gehören das
präoperative Management sowie operative und anästhesiologische
Aspekte (u. a. Thorakoskopie vs. Thorakotomie, präoperative
Tracheobronchoskopie, intraoperative Hyperkapnie und Azidose). Ferner wird das
postoperative Management insbesondere von relevanten Komplikationen wie der
Anastomosenstenose beschrieben. Trotz Fortschritten in der Behandlung der
ÖA ist die Langzeitmorbidität mit
Motilitätsstörungen des Ösophagus,
gastroösophagealer Refluxkrankheit, rezidivierenden Infektionen der
oberen und unteren Atemwege, Tracheomalazie, mangelhaftem Gedeihen sowie
orthopädischen Problemen nach Thorakotomie weiterhin hoch. Zum Erreichen
einer guten Lebensqualität ist daher eine gute interdisziplinäre
Nachsorge wichtig.
Safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the pediatric population: a multicenter study
Authors: Mercier Clémence , Pioche Mathieu , Albuisson Eliane , Ponchon Thierry , Gonzalez Jean-Michel , Barthet Marc , Boytchev Isabelle , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Fortier Beaulieu Clement , Prat Frederic , Belle Arthur , Branche Julien , Grandval Phillipe , Valats Jean-Christophe , Rudler Franz , Wallenhorst Timothee , Koch Stephane , Comte Aurélie , Williet Nicolas , Musquer Nicolas , Coron Emmanuel , Derosiere Aline , Le Mouel Jean-Phillippe , Schaefer Marion , Chabot Caroline , Scheers Isabelle , Deprez Pierre H. , Chevaux Jean-Baptiste 
Published: June 2020

Introduction The aims of this retrospective multicenter study were to assess the technical success and adverse events of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures in children in French and Belgian centers.
Methods All children aged 1 day to 17 years who underwent ERCP between January 2008 and March 2019 in 15 tertiary care hospitals were retrospectively included.
Results 271 children underwent 470 ERCP procedures. Clinical long-term follow-up was available for 72 % of our patients (340/470 procedures). The median age at intervention was 10.9 years. ERCP was therapeutic in 90 % (423/470) and diagnostic in cases of neonatal cholestasis in 10 % of the patients. The most common biliary indication was choledocholithiasis; the most common pancreatic indication was chronic pancreatitis. Biliary cannulation was successful in 92 % of cases (270/294); pancreatic cannulation in 96 % of cases (169/176); and planned therapeutic procedures in 92 % of cases (388/423). The overall complication rate was 19 % (65/340). The most common complication was post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in 12 % of cases (40/340) and sepsis in 5 % (18/340). On univariate analyses, pancreatic stent removal was protective against PEP (odds ratio [OR] 0.1, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.01 – 0.75; P = 0.03), and sepsis was associated with history of liver transplantation (OR 7.27, 95 %CI 1.7 – 31.05; P = 0.01). Five patients had post-ERCP hemorrhage and two had intestinal perforation. All complications were managed with supportive medical care. There was no procedure-related mortality.
Conclusion Our cohort demonstrates that ERCP can be performed safely with high success rates in many pancreaticobiliary diseases of children. The rate of adverse events was similar to that in previous reports.
Symptomatic Subclinical Hypothyroidism Treated with Homoeopathy: Case Reports
Authors: Bhattacharya Pulakendu , Giri Shashi , Ghosh Baishakhi , Banerjee Abhiram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSubclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a condition where serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level is high, but the T3 and T4 are within normal level. SCH carries a risk of cardiovascular diseases or progression to overt hypothyroidism. Treatment becomes more necessary in case of older age groups and in females. Two cases of SCH treated with individualised homoeopathic medicine are presented and the improvement was significant showing reduction in the TSH levels with overall improvement in health.
You Don't Have to Be Infected to Suffer: COVID-19 and Racial Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Minkoff Howard 
Published: June 2020

Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and maternal mortality disproportionately affect minorities. However, direct viral infection is not the only way that the former can affect the latter. Most adverse maternal events that end in hospitals have their genesis upstream in communities. Hospitals often represent a last opportunity to reverse a process that begins at a remove in space and time. The COVID-19 pandemic did not create these upstream injuries, but it has brought them to national attention, exacerbated them, and highlighted the need for health care providers to move out of the footprint of their institutions. The breach between community events that seed morbidity and hospitals that attempt rescues has grown in recent years, as the gap between rich and poor has grown and as maternity services in minority communities have closed. COVID-19 has become yet another barrier. For example, professional organizations have recommended a reduced number of prenatal visits, and the platforms hospitals use to substitute for some of these visits are not helpful to people who either lack the technology or the safe space in which to have confidential conversations with providers. Despite these challenges, there are opportunities for departments of obstetrics and gynecology. Community-based organizations including legal professionals, health-home coordinators, and advocacy groups, surround almost every hospital, and can be willing partners with interested departments. COVID-19 has made it clearer than ever that it is time to step out of the footprint of our institutions, and to recognize that the need to find upstream opportunities to prevent downstream tragedies.
Key Points
5.1.28 Product Subclass 28: Germoles
Authors: Müller T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of methods for the synthesis of 1H-germoles. It covers the literature from 1959 until 2020. Classical methods involve the cyclization of 1,4-dilithiobuta-1,3-dienes and zirconium/germanium exchange in zirconacyclopentadienes, but more-recent approaches such as catalytic double hydrogermylations of butadiynes are included as well. Finally, methods for the preparation of alkali metal salts of 1H-germol-1-ides and 1H-germol-1,1-diides are summarized.
16.16.5 Phenazines (Update 2020)
Authors: Ambhaikar N. B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhenazines are an interesting class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles present in many natural products. This update describes the construction of phenazines through some newer practical synthetic methods that have been reported since the first review on phenazines in Science of Synthesis (Section 16.16). For the most part, standard ways of synthesizing phenazine and its derivatives have employed traditional approaches or their variations along the lines of the Wohl–Aue reaction and the Beirut reaction. The current account focuses on modern synthetic tools to construct the phenazine core and includes some of the newer approaches, with recent key methods that have been developed between 2004 and 2019.
38.8.3.2 Stable and Unstable 1,2-Dioxolanes: Origin, Synthesis, and Biological Activities
Authors: Dembitsky V. M. , Yaremenko I. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes 1,2-dioxolanes, with confirmed biological activity, isolated from various natural sources. The key steps in the formation of the 1,2-dioxolane ring in the total synthesis of some natural peroxides as well as interesting modern procedures for the synthesis of 1,2-dioxolanes are also presented.
48.5.5 Hydrocarbon Polymers (Update 2020)
Authors: Wang X.-Y. , Sun X.-L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis review is an update to the original Science of Synthesis chapter (Section 48.5) on hydrocarbon polymers, published in 2009. This update focuses on the typical methods for the synthesis of polyethene and polypropene reported over the past two decades. In addition, it has been supplemented with some general synthesis procedures for copolymers of ethene or propene with polar vinyl monomers as well as typical synthetic methods for other polyalk-1-ene [poly(α-olefin), PAO] products. The methods covered are mainly based on early-transition-metal, non-metallocene catalysts and late-transition-metal catalysts.
Can mass-count syntax be derived from semantics?
Authors: Kulkarni Ritwik , Treves Alessandro , Rothstein Susan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Analysing aspects of how our brain processes
language may provide, even before the language faculty is really understood,
useful insights into higher order cognitive functions. We have taken initial
steps in this direction, focusing on the mass-count distinction. The
mass-count distinction relates to the countability or un-countability of
nouns in terms of their syntactic usage. Our first results show that the
mass-count distinction, across a number of natural languages, is far from
bimodal, and exhibits in fact complex fuzzy relations between syntax and
semantics. We then tried to test the ability of a standard, biologically
plausible self-organising neural network to learn such associations between
syntax and semantics. A neural network that expresses competition amongst
output neurons with lateral inhibition can identify the basic classes of
mass and count in the syntactic markers and produce a graded distribution of
the nouns along the mass-count spectrum. The network however fails to
successfully map the semantic classes of the nouns to their syntactic usage,
thus corroborating the hypothesis that the syntactic usage of nouns in the
mass-count domain is not simply predicted by the semantics of the noun.
Time‐course of changes in performance, biomechanical, physiological and perceptual responses following resistance training sessions
Authors: Goulart Karine Naves De Oliveira , Resende Nathalia Maria , Drummond Marcos Daniel Motta , Oliveira Luciana Maria , Lima Fernando Vitor , Szmuchrowski Leszek Antoni , Fujiwara Ricardo Toshio , Couto Bruno Pena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study determined the time‐course of recovery after resistance training (RT) sessions and the association between changes in performance with changes in biomechanical, physiological and perceptual parameters. After a 4‐week familiarization period, 14 resistance‐trained males performed 3 experimental conditions, each one including 2 sessions with a recovery interval of 24, 48 h or 72 h, in a randomized order. RT sessions consisted of 5 sets of 8‐10RM on squat and leg press exercises. The resistance was equal for the 2 sessions of each condition and repetitions were performed until concentric failure. Volume load (VL) and first set volume load (FSVL) were compared between sessions. Tests before each session included countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), creatine kinase (CK) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). (2 × 3) ANOVA with effect sizes (ES) assessed the time‐course of recovery and Kendall test the correlation between variables (α = 0.05). Significant interaction was observed for all variables, except for CK, where a condition main effect occurred. Comparisons between post and pre‐intervals showed VL (p = 0.011;ES = −0.90) decreased for 24 h condition, while FSVL remained decreased for 48 h (p = 0.031;ES = −0.63) and DOMS increased (p = 0.001;ES = 3.52). CMJ (p = 0.025;ES = 0.25) and MVIC (p = 0.031;ES = 0.14) performance increased at 72 h. FSVL (r = 0.424), CMJ (r = 0.439), MVIC (r = 0.389) and DOMS (r = −0.327) were significantly correlated with VL (p < 0.05). Time‐course of VL showed the necessity of at least 48 h for the reestablishment of performance, though better perceptual responses were evident at 72h. Thus, both recovery intervals may be beneficial after lower‐limbs RT until concentric failure, though chronic effects still need to be investigated.
Exosome therapeutics for lung regenerative medicine
Authors: Popowski Kristen , Lutz Halle , Hu Shiqi , George Arianna , Dinh Phuong‐Uyen , Cheng Ke 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTExosomes are 30 to 100 nm extracellular vesicles that are secreted by many cell types. Initially viewed as cellular garbage with no biological functions, exosomes are now recognized for their therapeutic potential and used in regenerative medicine. Cell‐derived exosomes are released into almost all biological fluids, making them abundant and accessible vesicles for a variety of diseases. These naturally occurring nanoparticles have a wide range of applications including drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Exosomes sourced from a specific tissue have been proven to provide greater therapeutic effects to their native tissue, expanding exosome sources beyond traditional cell lines such as mesenchymal stem cells. However, standardizing production and passing regulations remain obstacles, due to variations in methods and quantification techniques across studies. Additionally, obtaining pure exosomes at sufficient quantities remains difficult due to the heterogeneity of exosomes. In this review, we will underline the uses of exosomes as a therapy and their roles in lung regenerative medicine, as well as current challenges in exosome therapies.
Active manipulation of Helmholtz scalar fields: near-field synthesis with directional far-field control
Authors: Egarguin Neil Jerome A , Onofrei Daniel , Qi Chaoxian , Chen Jiefu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, we propose a strategy for the active manipulation of scalar Helmholtz fields in bounded near-field regions of an active source while maintaining desired radiation patterns in prescribed far-field directions. This control problem is considered in two environments: free space and homogeneous ocean of constant depth, respectively. In both media, we proved the existence of and characterized the surface input, modeled as Neumann data (normal velocity) or Dirichlet data (surface pressure) such that the radiated field satisfies the control constraints. We also provide a numerical strategy to construct this predicted surface input by using a method of moments-approach with a Morozov discrepancy principle-based Tikhonov regularization. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the proposed scheme in scenarios relevant to practical applications.