bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Rifampicin Pre-treatment on the In vivo Pharmacokinetics of Metoclopramide in Pakistani Healthy Volunteers Following Concurrent Oral Administration
Authors: Kaukab Iram , Shah Syed Nisar Hussain , Abrar Muhammad Asad , Anwer Naveed , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Metoclopramide is metabolized by various cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes such as
CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. Rifampicin is a non-selective inducer of P-glycoprotein
(P-gp) and CYP enzymes such as CYP3A4 and others.

Objective:
This study was aimed at the evaluation of rifampicin’s enzyme induction effect on the pharmacokinetic
parameters of orally administered metoclopramide.

Method:
This randomized, single-blind, two-phase cross-over pharmacokinetic study separated by a 4-week washout
period was conducted at a single center in Pakistan. It involved twelve Pakistani healthy male volunteers (nonsmokers)
divided into two groups. In the reference phase, each volunteer received a single oral dose of 20 mg
metoclopramide (Maxolon 10 mg, GlaxoSmithKline, Pakistan), while in the rifampicin-treated phase, each volunteer
received 600 mg rifampicin once daily for 6 days through oral route. On day 6, metoclopramide (20 mg) was
administered 2 hours after the last pretreatment dose of rifampicin. The serial blood samples were collected on
predetermined time points (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 18 h) and analyzed using a validated HPLC
method for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters, i.e. Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-∞ of metoclopramide. The
whole study was monitored by an unblinded clinician for the purpose of volunteer’s health safety.

Results:
All the volunteers participated in the study until the end. Twelve healthy Pakistani males having mean age
26.0 (range 20.6-34.1) years and body mass index 25.1 (range 16.2-31.5) kg/m2 were included in this study after
taking written informed consent. Rifampicin significantly (P<0.05) decreased the mean Cmax, AUC0-∞ and T1/2 of
metoclopramide by 35%, 68%, and 44%, respectively. The laboratory tests did not reveal any significant change in
the biochemical, physical, hematological, or urinalytical values before and after metoclopramide treatment. None of
the volunteers complained of any discomfort during the study.

Conclusion:
Rifampicin noticeably decreased the concentration of plasma metoclopramide. These results give in
vivo confirmation of the CYP3A4 involvement in the metoclopramide metabolism, in addition to CYP2D6.
Therefore, metoclopramide pharmacokinetics may be clinically affected by rifampicin and other potent enzyme
inducers.
Synthesis and Erythroid Induction Activity of New Thiourea Derivatives
Authors: Siddiqui Hina , Shafi Sarah , Ali Hamad , Musharraf Syed Ghulam 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The use of medicinal agents to augment the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) accretion is
an important approach for the treatment of sickle-cell anemia and β-thalassemia. HbF inducers have the
potential to reduce the clinical symptoms and blood transfusion dependence in the patients of β-
hemoglobinopathies.

Objectives:
The current study was aimed to examine the erythroid induction potential of newly synthesized
thiourea derivatives.

Methods:
Thiourea derivatives 1-27 were synthesized by using environmentally friendly methods.
Compounds 3, 10 and 22 were found to be new. The structures of synthesized derivatives were deduced
by using various spectroscopic techniques. These derivatives were then evaluated for their
erythroid induction using the human erythroleukemic K562 cell line, as a model. The benzidine-H2O2
assay was used to evaluate erythroid induction, while HbF expression was studied through immunocytochemistry
using the Anti-HbF antibody. Cytotoxicity of compounds 1-27 was also evaluated on mouse
fibroblast 3T3 cell line and cancer Hela cell line using MTT assay.

Result:
All the compounds (1-27) have not been reported for their erythroid induction activity previously.
Compounds 1, 2, and 3 were found to be the potent erythroid inducing agents with % induction of
45± 6.9, 44± 5.9, and 41± 6.1, at 1.56, 0.78, and 0.78 μM concentrations, respectively, as compared to
untreated control (12 ± 1 % induction). Furthermore, compound 1, 2, and 3 significantly induced fetal
hemoglobin the expression up to 4.2-fold, 4.06-fold, and 3.52-fold, respectively, as compared to untreated
control. Moreover, the compounds 1-4, 6-9, 11, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 23, and 25 were found to be
non-cytotoxic against the 3T3 cell line.

Conclusion:
This study signifies that the compounds reported here may serve as the starting point for
the designing and development of new fetal hemoglobin inducers for the treatment of β-
hemoglobinopathies.
Message Appeals on an Instagram Account Promoting Seat Belt Use That Attract Adolescents and Young Adults: Elaboration-Likelihood Perspective Study
Authors: Zhang Ni , Drake Stacy A , Ding Kele 
Published: May 2020

Background
Adolescents and young adults demonstrate the highest rate of unrestrained motor vehicle fatalities, making the promotion of seat belt restraint a priority for public health practitioners. Because social media use among adolescents and young adults has proliferated in recent years, it is critical to explore how to use this tool to promote seat belt use among this population. Social media posts can contain various types of information within each post and this information can be communicated using different modalities.

Objective
In this study, based on the elaboration likelihood model, we aimed to examine how adolescents and young adults reacted to different appeals in various components of posts in the pilot of a promotion intervention on the Instagram BuckleUp4Life account.

Methods
Using thematic analysis, we examined different appeals in 3 components (photo, text, and caption) of 199 posts in BuckleUp4Life and compared the number of likes for different appeals.

Results
We found that 6 appeals were used in the posts: rational, ego, social, fun, positive emotional, and fear appeals. The results of our study showed that in photos, fun appeals were the most popular. Rational and positive emotional appeals were the most appealing in text and captions. Regardless of the location of the components (photo, text, or captions), rational appeal was the most popular appeal.

Conclusions
Based on the findings of our study, we recommend that public health practitioners utilize fun photos with rational and positive emotional appeals in text and captions rather than fear or social appeals, when promoting seat belt use through social media, especially Instagram.
Effect of Computer Debriefing on Acquisition and Retention of Learning After Screen-Based Simulation of Neonatal Resuscitation: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Michelet Daphne , Barre Jessy , Truchot Jennifer , Piot Marie-Aude , Cabon Philippe , Tesniere Antoine 
Published: May 2020

Background
Debriefing is key in a simulation learning process.

Objective
This study focuses on the impact of computer debriefing on learning acquisition and retention after a screen-based simulation training on neonatal resuscitation designed for midwifery students.

Methods
Midwifery students participated in 2 screen-based simulation sessions, separated by 2 months, session 1 and session 2. They were randomized in 2 groups. Participants of the debriefing group underwent a computer debriefing focusing on technical skills and nontechnical skills at the end of each scenario, while the control group received no debriefing. In session 1, students participated in 2 scenarios of screen-based simulation on neonatal resuscitation. During session 2, the students participated in a third scenario. The 3 scenarios had an increasing level of difficulty, with the first representing the baseline level. Assessments included a knowledge questionnaire on neonatal resuscitation, a self-efficacy rating, and expert evaluation of technical skills as per the Neonatal Resuscitation Performance Evaluation (NRPE) score and of nontechnical skills as per the Anaesthetists’ Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) system. We compared the results of the groups using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
A total of 28 midwifery students participated in the study. The participants from the debriefing group reached higher ANTS scores than those from the control group during session 1 (13.25 vs 9; U=47.5; P=.02). Their scores remained higher, without statistical difference during session 2 (10 vs 7.75; P=.08). The debriefing group had higher self-efficacy ratings at session 2 (3 vs 2; U=52; P=.02). When comparing the knowledge questionnaires, the significant baseline difference (13 for debriefing group vs 14.5 for control group, P=.05) disappeared at the end of session 1 and in session 2. No difference was found for the assessment of technical skills between the groups or between sessions.

Conclusions
Computer debriefing seems to improve nontechnical skills, self-efficacy, and knowledge when compared to the absence of debriefing during a screen-based simulation. This study confirms the importance of debriefing after screen-based simulation.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03844009; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03844009
Fortellinger om død, verdsetting av liv
Authors: Grue Jan 
Published: May 2020

Assisted dying is, almost by definition, a dramatic topic. Thus it can also be dramatised, both in fiction and in media coverage. Stories, whether they are bestseller books like Jojo Moyes’ Me Before You or newspaper articles that spread virally, can reach a large audience. Stories also serve as indirect arguments. By depicting how assisted dying might or ought to work, they also express a normative stance on reality. This chapter investigates the patterns of some culturally central narratives of assisted dying, and questions the value judgments expressed in them. It also raises the question of which premises for further debate are brought about by such stories – premises about the assessment and valuation of human life.
O PROGRESSO DO PEREGRINO E A ÉTICA DA CONVERSÃO INDIVIDUALISTA
Authors: Ramos Saldanha Marcelo 
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a alegoria religiosa The Pilgrim's Progress, do escritor inglês John Bunyan, buscando encontrar no enredo e no contexto histórico que se entrelaça à obra, alguns elementos que nos permitam compreender o ethos da vida peregrina desse indivíduo em busca da sua salvação. Assim, considerando que a obra foi escrita como resposta ao conturbado cenário religioso e político da Inglaterra do século XVII, analisaremos o enredo, os dogmas e os símbolos religiosos presentes no livro, buscando compreender a relação entre fé e vida “mundana”, indivíduo e comunidade e, principalmente, o valor das narrativas de devoção na experiência de conversão, para, então, entender como tais valores, expostos nas potentes alegorias de Bunyan, geraram um universo lúdico e concreto que validou uma ética religiosa, profundamente individualista, que se tornou a marca do conversionismo puritano, e que continua a fazer sentido, mesmo para pessoas que não compartilham do contexto histórico e social do escritor.
Letramento, bilinguismo e empoderamento feminino surdo: uma análise crítica
Authors: Guedes Sônia Margarida Ribeiro , Da  Silva Kleber Aparecido , Nogueira Dias Tatiana Rosa 
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa desenvolvida pelo Grupo de Estudos Gecal, Capes-UnB, com o objetivo de verificar a relação entre letramento, bilinguismo e empoderamento feminino surdo em uma perspectiva crítica. Foi analisado o Projeto Político Pedagógico da Escola Bilíngue de Taguatinga, doravante EBT, desenvolvendo uma interface metodológica da Linguística Aplicada Crítica (LAC), da Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC), (FAICLOUGH, 2003) e da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF) (HALLIDAY, 1992; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014, 2004), observando também conceitos propostos pela Pedagogia Crítica de Paulo Freire. Especificamente, analisamos o PPP da EBT para observar como o Poder Público lida com determinada realidade. Ou seja, nos interessou investigar uma parcela da realidade que envolve a aluna surda: o tratamento dispensado à mulher-estudante surda no texto do PPP da EBT, no que tange à existência ou não de estratégias de letramento que visem seu empoderamento.
O uso de sinais-termo como ferramenta conceitual na descrição das estruturas sintáticas para o ensino de bilinguismo para surdos
Authors: Moreira Falk Soares Ramos 
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo analisamos sinais-termo e seu uso em dicionários impressos ou digitais da Língua de Sinais Brasileira (LSB), uma vez que, em certos casos, a falta de bases conceituais pode interferir na compreensão por parte do Surdo para o entendimento efetivo dos conteúdos apresentados. A área que analisamos é a gramática, especificamente, as estruturas sintáticas. Isso porque, em vista da dificuldade em análise sintática envolvida no ensino gramatical do português, há a necessidade da criação de sinais-termo que possam transmitir o conteúdo e que, com isso, possa proporcionar o entendimento da estrutura gramatical no que se refere à aquisição da língua portuguesa como segunda língua (L2). A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa, já que para atingir o propósito foi necessário entender como a Comunidade Surda reagiria ao resultado final. Como fundamentação teórica da Lexicologia e da Terminologia, utilizamos os estudos de Faulstich (2014). O presente tema está em discussão há alguns anos com o propósito de melhorar a compreensão dos termos trabalhados em sala de aula pelos alunos Surdos. Abordamos a necessidade do processo de criação de sinais-termo e analisamos a existência ou não de referentes nos dicionários existentes. Além disso, buscamos entender se os materiais lexicográficos que compõem o léxico da LSB são capazes de transmitir o conceito envolvido.
PENGARUH KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN, SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL, SDM DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR DESA DI KEC. SINGINGI HILIR KAB. KUANTAN SINGINGI
Authors: Sischa Sonia 
Published: May 2020

This study aims to examine: (1) the influence of budget clarity on the performance of village officials, (2) the influence of Internal Control on the performance of village officials, (3) the influence of Human Resources on the performance of village officials, (4) the influence of Motivation on the performance of village officials. The study was conducted at a village located in the district of Singingi Hilir, Kuantan Singingi.The Result showed that (1) budget clarity has significant influence on the performance of village officials, (2) Internal Control has significant influence on the performance of village officials, (3) Human Resources has significant influence on the performance of village officials, (4) Motivation has significant influence on the performance of village officials.
Singulares detalhes: notações e garatujas
Authors: Freitas Filho Hermano Braga Viriato de 
Published: May 2020

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo contribuir para o acervo de imagens urbanas captadas em percursos realizados em diversas cidades, buscando refletir os ambientes, sua arquitetura, seus detalhes e sua temporalidade como expressões locais. Nestes estudos gráficos realizados em forma de croquisrápidos, a proposta visa extrair simplesmente os elementos considerados essenciais em cada imagem observada. O trabalho sequencia seu desenvolvimento com cronologia relativa à data de projeto/construção da obra registrada, exceção feita à imagem que fecha a apresentação, por sua singularidade. O trabalho propõe ainda, trilhando caminho aberto por profissionais de arquitetura,ampliar a discussão sobre o registro do acervo arquitetônico edificado por meio do desenho livre.
Perforations Redefined: Measurements while Perforating using Digital Slickline
Authors: Mohamed Elkordy Mohamed , Taqi Akbar Bader , Kumar Patra Milan , Ahmad AbdulSamad , Dashti AbdulAziz , Abouganem Stephens Alberto , Ayyad Hazim , Abdulrahim Khaled , Luna Hernandez Guillermo 
Published: May 2020

To reactivate wells that are not flowing, a common solution is to perforate any bypassed zone to bring the wells back to operation. If the completion does not allow for optimal interventions, i.e. running the perforating gun sized for the target interval, the consequences of a thru-tubing intervention must be evaluated based on cost, probability of success, risk and whether the potential results and the time savings of a rig are justifiable.
In a well in Minagish Field of Kuwait, a combination of thru-tubing technologies was deployed for perforating a bypassed zone, reducing the cost of a rig workover, and maximizing the potential results. The conveyance method was selected in consideration of well access, cost, provision of positive depth correlation, and the capability to deploy the perforating guns thru tubing. Second, the perforating system was modeled with the reservoir parameters for its impact on well productivity. After the perforation parameters were obtained, the application of post-perforating dynamic underbalance was proposed to clean the perforations and reduce skin. Downhole measurements while perforating was combined with all the runs, including gamma ray, collar locator, pressure, temperature. A fast gauge was run in memory mode with the post perforating underbalance guns.
The perforating operation was performed with a suite of measurements conveyed with digital slickline, enabling a cost-effective, informed intervention that reduced the operator's cost by USD 288,000 over a conventional rig-based operation. The combination of extra-deep penetrating shaped charges loaded a 2-1/8-in phased exposed carrier perforating guns system and the post-perforating cleanup system, restoring the well to a production of 1,500bbl/d.
The application of digital slickline that provided downhole measurement while perforating was deployed for the first time in Kuwait. The use of productivity modeling for perforating proved to be a successful metric for decision making when selecting this intervention methodology. This approach saved the operator time and cost while cutting risks and maximizing the potential production restoration.
Complicações atípicas e características clínico-epidemiológicas do COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Monte Larissa Mendes do , Mendes Larissa Alvim , Camargo Rafaela Lima , Gomes Rúbia Soares de Sousa , Da Silveira Pedro Henrique Araújo , Seyfarth Mariana Silotti Cabelino , Cunha Darlei Montes , Oliveira Lusitânia de Paula Ramos , Da Silveira Robson , Da Silveira Gládma Rejane Ramos Araújo 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Compreender através de uma revisão integrativa a respeito das complicações atípicas e características clínico-epidemiológicas sobre o COVID-19. Métodos: Esse estudo trata-se de uma revisão da literatura do tipo integrativa, cujo objetivo é uma abordagem ampla referente às revisões bibliográficas, além da inclusão de estudos experimentais a respeito da COVID-19. Resultados: A disseminação da patologia dá-se principalmente por gotículas, contato direto com fômites, além de outras formas recém-descobertas de transmissão como a fecal oral, principalmente em crianças. Os sinais clínicos principais da doença em questão são: febre, tosse, mialgia, leucopenia, linfopenia, podendo causar também afecções em outros órgãos como o rim. O COVID-19 pode levar a danos alveolares maciços e insuficiência respiratória progressiva e ao óbito. Sendo importante ressaltar o surgimento de um quadro atípico como anosmia, conjuntivite, manifestações cutâneas, alterações renais e dor abdominal. Considerações finais: Por isso, o entendimento dos profissionais da saúde, acerca dos sintomas atípicos e dos aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos dessa patogênese são necessários, a fim de melhorar as estratégias clínicas de atenção e cuidados contra a doença.
Unsupervised Attention-Guided Atom-Mapping
Authors: Schwaller Philippe , Hoover Benjamin , Reymond Jean-Louis , Strobelt Hendrik , Laino Teodoro 
Published: May 2020

Knowing how atoms rearrange during a chemical transformation is fundamental to numerous applications aiming to accelerate organic synthesis and molecular discovery. This labelling is known as atom-mapping and is an NP-hard problem. Current solutions use a combination of graph-theoretical approaches, heuristics, and rule-based systems. Unfortunately, the existing mappings and algorithms are often prone to errors and quality issues, which limit the effectiveness of supervised approaches. Self-supervised neural networks called Transformers, on the other hand, have recently shown tremendous potential when applied to textual representations of different domain-specific data, such as chemical reactions. Here we demonstrate that attention weights learned by a Transformer, without supervision or human labelling, encode atom rearrangement information between products and reactants. We build a chemically agnostic attention-guided reaction mapper that shows a remarkable performance in terms of accuracy and speed, even for strongly imbalanced reactions. Our work suggests that unannotated collections of chemical reactions contain all the relevant information to construct coherent sets of reaction rules. This finding provides the missing link between data-driven and rule-based approaches and will stimulate machine-assisted discovery in the chemical domain.Code is available at: https://github.com/rxn4chemistry/rxnmapper
Abbâsȋler Döneminin İlk Mehdisi Muhammed b. Abdullah ve Onun Mehdiliği ile İlgili Rivayetlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ESER Mithat 
Published: May 2020

Tarih ve hadis kaynaklarımızda adaleti yeryüzüne hâkim kılacak kurtarıcı kişiyi ifade eden mehdinin farklı özelliklerini belirten rivayetler mevcuttur. “İsmi ismime, babasının ismi babamın ismine uygun” şeklinde tarif edilen mehdi hadisinin tarihte ilişkilendirildiği ilk kişi, Hz. Hasan’ın torunlarından “Nefsü’z-Zekiyye” lakaplı Muhammed b. Abdullah’tır. Böylece o, Abbâsî Devleti’ndeki ilk mehdi olarak kaynaklara yansımıştır. İlk defa Mugîre b. Saîd tarafından ona mehdi denildiği ve onun ilgili rivayeti delil olarak getirdiği görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla rivayetin Şiî eğilimli kaynaklara girişinin kaynağı burası olmalıdır. Öte taraftan aynı rivayetler, Üçüncü Abbâsî Halifesi Muhammed b. Abdullah için de kullanılmıştır. Hatta onun Mehdi lakabı kaynaklarımızda adının önüne geçmiştir. Böylece rivayetimiz Sünnî kaynaklarda da görülmeye başlamış ve hadis kaynaklarında ilgili mehdi rivayetleri yerini almıştır. Sünnî kaynaklarda konumuzla ilgili olan mehdi rivayetleri, Ebû Dâvud ve Tirmizî’nin sünenlerinde ve başka hadis kaynaklarında geçmektedir. Dört farklı şekilde gördüğümüz hadis rivayetlerinin senetleri genel itibariyle zayıftır. Hasen olduğu kabul edilen bir rivayetin senedindeki Ebü’n-Nücûd Âsım b. Behdele’nin iyi bir kıraat âlimi olmakla birlikte hadisçiliğinde ihtilaf vardır. Konumuzla ilgili mehdi rivayeti birçok tarih kaynağımızda nakledilmiştir. Ancak bunun, bazı tarihçiler tarafından Muhammed Nefsü’z-Zekiyye, bazıları tarafından ise Üçüncü Abbâsî Halifesi Muhammed b. Abdullah ile ilişkilendirilmesi dikkat çekmektedir. Hatta söz konusu rivayetin Abbâsî Halifesi Müstekfî’nin oğlu Ebü’l-Hasan Muhammed b. Abdullah için de kullanıldığı ifade edilmiştir. Bu durum da hadis ilmi açısından zayıf olan rivayetin, tarihin farklı dönemlerinde siyasete malzeme olarak kullanıldığını açıkça ortaya koymaktadır.