bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological features and prognostic implications of ASCL1 expression in surgically resected small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wei Jiacong , Liu Li , Guo Yiying , Zhang Jinyao , Wang Xin , Dong Jiyan , Xing Puyuan , Ying Jianming , Yang Lin , Li Junling 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive lung cancers. Treatment of SCLC has remained unchanged during the past decades. Preclinical studies have revealed ASCL1 as a transcription regulator in the neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation and carcinogenesis of SCLC. However, there are few studies on correlation of ASCL1 expression and clinicopathological factors in resected SCLCs. Here, we aimed to analyze the ASCL1 expression of SCLC and investigate its associations with clinicopathological factors and survival.MethodsA total of 247 surgically resected pure SCLC specimens were included in this retrospective study, all of which were processed using tissue microarrays for immunohistochemistry analysis of ASCL1. A total of 48 of 247 cases were tested by NanoString for mRNA expression analysis on 50 SCLC related genes. Statistical analysis was performed using R studio and SPSS software.ResultsNE scores of 48 pure SCLC specimens were calculated by analyzing 50 preselected genes. A significant correlation between NE score with both ASCL1 mRNA expression and ASCL1 protein expression were observed. For the entire cohort of 247 patients, ASCL1 was highly expressed in 42.5% of pure SCLC patients according to IHC results. Significant differences were observed between ASCL1 high and low expression groups in variables including staging, lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion and overall survival.ConclusionsIn limited staged pure SCLC, ASCL1 expression was positively correlated with NE signature, pTNM stage, nerve invasion and OS. ASCL1 may therefore serve as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis as well as in the selection of patients for therapies targeting ASCL1‐regulated downstream molecules.
Determining the optimal antibiotic regimen for chorioamnionitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alrowaily Nouf , D'Souza Rohan , Dong Susan , Chowdhury Soneya , Ryu Michelle , Ronzoni Stefania 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the effect of antibiotic regimens for chorioamnionitis on maternal and neonatal outcomes.Material and methodsWe conducted a systematic review, wherein we searched six bibliographic databases until June 2020 and included randomized clinical trials describing antibiotic regimens for treating chorioamnionitis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool V2.0. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed and results were presented as risk ratio (RR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% CI.ResultsFourteen trials at low‐to‐high risk of bias were included. Three trials (n = 244), comparing different intrapartum antibiotic regimens, showed no difference in outcomes except for lower composite maternal morbidity (endometritis, pneumonia, sepsis, blood transfusion, and ileus) with ampicillin/sulbactam vs ampicillin/gentamicin in one study (0/43 vs 6/49, P = .03). Three trials (n = 295) comparing different doses of intrapartum antibiotics showed no differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes, although one study showed a shorter duration of antibiotic treatment in the experimental arm (4 mg/kg gentamicin q24h + 1200 mg clindamycin q12h) vs conventional arm (1.33 mg/kg gentamicin + 800 mg clindamycin q8h) (48.0 ± 36 hours vs 55.2 ± 48 hours, P = .04). Four trials (n = 484) comparing postpartum antibiotics vs no antibiotics showed no difference in outcomes except for a shorter hospital stay (two studies, MD −7.90 hours, 95% CI −13.52 to −2.27 hours). Three trials (n = 447) comparing single vs multiple doses of postpartum antibiotics showed shorter hospital stay [MD −19.14 hours, 95% CI −29.88 to −8.41 hours), but no differences in treatment failure (RR 1.73, 95% CI 0.69‐4.30) or total antibiotic dose (MD −9.24, 95% CI −19.49 to 1.01). One trial (n = 48) comparing intrapartum vs postpartum initiation of treatment found benefits to intrapartum (vs postpartum) initiation of antibiotics, in terms of postpartum maternal hospital stay (MD −24 hours, 95% CI −45.56 to −1.44 hours), neonatal hospital stay (MD −45.6 hours, −93.84 to −11.76 hours), and neonatal pneumonia or sepsis (RR 0.06, 95% CI 0.00‐0.95).ConclusionsUpon diagnosis of chorioamnionitis, there is limited evidence to recommend the prompt initiation of intrapartum antibiotics, and to consider a single dose of postpartum antibiotics over multiple doses or no treatment. Well‐designed trials using standard definitions of chorioamnionitis, outcome measures, and newer antibiotics are required to inform clinical practice with regard to the preferred antibiotic regimen, dose, and duration to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Maternal pre‐pregnancy overweight and infertility in sons and daughters: A cohort study
Authors: Arendt Linn H. , Høyer Birgit B. , Kreilgaard Anne F. , Bech Bodil H. , Toft Gunnar , Hougaard Karin S. , Bonde Jens P. , Olsen Jørn , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionOverweight and obesity in pregnancy is increasing worldwide and may harm the developing fetus, including its future reproductive health. We therefore studied the association between in utero exposure to maternal overweight and obesity and infertility in adulthood. No studies have previously assessed this association.Material and methodsWe performed a cohort study with 9232 adult sons and daughters whose mothers were enrolled in the Danish Healthy Habits for Two cohort during pregnancy in 1984‐87. Participants were sons and daughters followed in the Danish In‐Vitro‐Fertilization‐Register and Danish National Patient Register until February 2018 for diagnoses of infertility.ResultsIn total, 1203 (13%) sons and daughters were born to mothers with a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2; 871 (9.4%) of the participants were identified as being infertile during follow‐up. Sons of overweight mothers had slightly increased odds of infertility compared with sons of mothers with normal body weight (BMI 18.5‐24.9 kg/m2, adjusted odds ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0‐1.9). Cubic spline analyses with continuous BMI levels showed increasing odds with higher levels of BMI; however, for BMI >29 kg/m2 the confidence intervals were too wide to draw conclusions. No association between maternal overweight and infertility was found among daughters (adjusted odds ratio 0.9, 95% CI 0.7‐1.2)).ConclusionsSons born to overweight mothers had higher odds of infertility compared with sons of normal weight mothers. No association between maternal overweight and infertility was observed in daughters. Prevention of overweight during pregnancy may be an important tool to preserve fecundity in future generations.
Strabismus in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Kim Ji Yeon , Yang Hee Kyung , Kim Namju , Kim Man Jin , Cho Sung Im , Seong Moon‐Woo , Park Sung Sup , Hwang Jeong‐Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo elucidate the patterns of strabismus and ophthalmoplegia associated with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) confirmed by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in Asians.MethodsA total of 10 patients confirmed to have mtDNA deletion associated with CPEO were included. Long‐range PCR encompassing the entire mtDNA was carried out. In the cases with mtDNA deletion, the exact deletion ranges of mtDNA were identified by sequencing. A full ophthalmologic examination including prism and alternate cover test in the primary position, evaluation of ductions and versions, and binocularity was performed in 10 patients with confirmed mtDNA deletions associated with CPEO.ResultsAll of the patients showed ophthalmoplegia as well as ptosis, even after eyelid surgeries. Ophthalmoplegia was symmetric between both eyes in nine patients (90%) while one patient (10%) showed asymmetric ophthalmoplegia with esotropia and left hypotropia. Among the nine patients with symmetric involvement, four patients (44%) showed exotropia, three (33%) had exotropia with vertical deviation, and the remaining two patients (22%) showed orthotropia. Five out of 10 patients (50%) complained of diplopia associated with strabismus, four of whom (80%) had vertical deviation. Three out of five patients (60%) without diplopia showed exotropia of 20 prism diopters (PD) to 50 PD.ConclusionsExotropia with/without vertical deviation is the most common form of strabismus in Asian patients with CPEO and only one of them showed a small angle of esotropia. Ophthalmoplegia could be asymmetric in 10% of CPEO patients.
Increase in neuropeptide Y activity impairs social behaviour in association with glutamatergic dysregulation in diabetic mice
Authors: Ueda Daiki , Yonemochi Naomi , Kamata Tomohiro , Shibasaki Masahiro , Kamei Junzo , Waddington John L. , Ikeda Hiroko 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposePatients with diabetes mellitus are reported to show a raised prevalence of mental disorders, which may be reflected in impaired social interaction. However, the mechanisms underlying such impairment in diabetes are unknown.Experimental ApproachThe present study investigated whether social interaction is impaired in diabetic mice and whether central neuropeptide Y (NPY) and glutamatergic function are involved in such impairment.Key ResultsIn the three‐chamber test, social novelty preference, but not sociability, was impaired in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice. The mRNA level of NPY in the hypothalamus was increased in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. Injection of the NPY Y2 receptor agonist NPY 13‐36 into naïve mice impaired social novelty preference, but not sociability, and this effect was inhibited by the Y2 receptor antagonist BIIE 0246. BIIE 0246 also reversed the impairment of social novelty preference in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. Similarly, injection of the AMPA receptor agonist AMPA into naïve mice impaired social novelty preference, but not sociability, and this effect was inhibited by the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX. Impairment of social novelty preference induced by NPY 13‐36 was inhibited by NBQX, whereas impairment of social novelty preference induced by AMPA was not inhibited by BIIE 0246. Finally, impairment of social novelty preference in STZ‐induced diabetic mice was reversed by NBQX.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings suggest that NPY neurons are activated in diabetic mice and that this may impair social novelty preference by promoting glutamatergic function through Y2 receptors.
Social capital and self‐reported oral health at baseline of the brazilian longitudinal study of aging
Authors: do Amaral Júnior Orlando Luiz , Menegazzo Gabriele Rissotto , Fagundes Maria Laura Braccini , Campagnol Patrícia Bastianello , Giordani Jessye Melgarejo do Amaral 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study aimed to estimate the association between the structural and cognitive dimensions of social capital and self‐reported oral health.MethodsThis study conducted individual assessments of 9,365 individuals aged 50 years or older from Brazil. Four individual variables based on structural and cognitive dimensions of social capital were assessed. We used hierarchical Poisson regression models to estimate the prevalence ratio of self‐reported oral health with individual structural and cognitive social capital variables adjusted for associated factors.ResultsCognitive social capital was associated with self‐reported oral health. Individuals who reported lack of neighbourhood trust and not having friends presented 14% (RP: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.07‐1.21) and 9% (RP: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.19), respectively, higher prevalence of poor self‐reported oral health, relative to those who trust in their neighbourhood and reported having friends.ConclusionThe cognitive dimension of social capital may be linked with self‐reported oral health. Therefore, social capital can be stimulated in the context of social policies as its encouragement can be an efficient tool for improving individuals’ health and, consequently, the oral health of the older people.
Prognosis after acute exacerbation in patients with interstitial lung disease other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Miyashita Koichi , Kono Masato , Saito Go , Koyanagi Yu , Tsutsumi Akari , Kobayashi Takeshi , Miki Yoshihiro , Hashimoto Dai , Nakamura Yutaro , Suda Takafumi , Nakamura Hidenori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute exacerbation (AE) is recognized as a life‐threatening condition with acute respiratory worsening in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). AE also occurs in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) other than IPF, including other types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs), ILD associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD–ILD), and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia (CHP). However, the clinical impact after AE in those patients is still unclear.MethodsA retrospective review of 174 consecutive first‐episodes with AE of ILD in our institution from 2002 to 2016 was performed. AE was defined according to the revised definition and diagnostic criteria proposed by an international working group in 2016. Clinical characteristics, 90‐day survival, and the requirement of long‐term oxygen therapy (LTOT) after AE were evaluated in each underlying ILD.ResultsThere were 102 patients with AE of IPF (AE–IPF) and 72 with AE of ILD other than IPF, including non‐IPF IIPs (n = 29) and secondary ILD (n = 43) [CVD–ILD (n = 39), CHP (n = 4)]. In CVD–ILD, rheumatoid arthritis (n = 17) was most common. The 90‐day mortality after AE was 57% in IPF, 29% in non‐IPF IIPs, and 33% in secondary ILD. After AE, ILD other than IPF had a significantly better survival rate than IPF (P < 0.001). Among survivors, the rates of patients requiring LTOT after AE were 63% in IPF, 35% in non‐IPF IIPs, and 46% in secondary ILD, respectively.ConclusionsAE of ILD other than IPF might have a better prognosis than AE–IPF, but both are fatal conditions that cause chronic respiratory failure.
The economic impact of increased length of stay associated with surgical site infections in liver transplantation on Canadian healthcare costs
Authors: Natori Yoichiro , Vu James , Chow Edwin , Guirguis Micheal , Husain Shahid , Kumar Deepali , Humar Atul , Grant David , Rotstein Coleman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundComplications after liver transplantation cause additional healthcare costs. The objective of this study was to contrast the length of stay (LOS) costs for recipients with and without surgical site infections (SSIs).MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a transplant center in Canada, between February 2011 and August 2014. The difference in the LOS costs was assessed by the Mann–Whitney U test, while multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the variables that may have impacted on the costs.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐nine liver transplant recipients were enrolled. Thirty‐six recipients developed SSIs (36/229, 15.7%). The median LOS costs in recipients with and without SSIs were $39,456 Canadian dollars (interquartile range $25,696‐ 59,722) and $31,084 Canadian dollars (interquartile range $22,712‐49 610), respectively (p = .072). There was a trend that the costs were higher for those recipients with versus those without SSIs (p = .088). Transfusion of ≥ 5 units of red cells and dialysis before transplantation impacted on cost.ConclusionThere was a trend for higher healthcare facility costs for recipients with SSIs. Red cell transfusions and greater dialysis use before transplant were factors associated with the cost. Implementation of cost reduction strategies targeting high‐cost recipients is necessary.
The impact of COVID‐19 in the management of AL amyloidosis and Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease: A single‐center experience
Authors: Lee Holly , Tay Jason , Duggan Peter , McCulloch Sylvia , Neri Paola , Bahlis Nizar J. , Jimenez‐Zepeda Victor H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with AL amyloidosis and immunoglobulin deposition diseases (IDD) are vulnerable during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to the immune compromise from the plasma cell disorder and therapy‐related immune defects. We describe a local experience in providing care for patients with AL amyloidosis and IDD.MethodPatient treatment and disease status since the beginning of the pandemic on March 11, 2020, as declared by WHO, were collected and analyzed.ResultsNinety‐six patients with AL amyloidosis and IDD were included. Four patients with IDD and 22 patients with systemic AL amyloidosis were receiving treatment during the pandemic. Since the pandemic, patients’ treatments were discontinued if they achieved VGPR or better postinduction. Seven patients discontinued all treatment after achieving VGPR, and others required treatment modifications. 28 patients have been tested for COVID‐19, and all tests have been negative. Three patients died since the pandemic, two from organ complications of systemic AL amyloidosis and one from an unrelated cause.ConclusionThe management of AL amyloidosis and IDD must be individualized on the clinical characteristics, centers’ access to care under the pandemic restrictions, and the epidemiological aspects of the outbreak.
El desastre del Rana Plaza siete años después: Iniciativas transnacionales y proyecto de tratado
Authors: TREBILCOCK Anne 
Published: November 2020

ResumenSe examinan iniciativas innovadoras de derecho laboral transnacional en respuesta al desastre del Rana Plaza (Bangladesh) en 2013. Respaldadas por la OIT, tuvieron gran éxito, pero fueron insuficientes para un cambio duradero en la industria de la confección: las prácticas de abastecimiento de las grandes marcas en la cadena mundial de suministro obstaculizan la inversión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo. El proyecto de tratado de las Naciones Unidas sobre las empresas y los derechos humanos podría mejorar la toma de responsabilidades dentro de una combinación inteligente y multinivel de mecanismos públicos y privados, pero convendría que reflejara la experiencia adquirida tras el desastre del Rana Plaza.
Revisiting an ancient legend: influence of the lunar cycle on occurrence of first‐ever unprovoked seizures
Authors: Wang Shuyu , Boston Ray , Lawn Nicholas , Seneviratne Udaya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mythical effect of the lunar cycle on seizures has been debated over time. Previously healthy individuals presenting with first‐ever seizures in whom investigations are negative often invoke questions about potential reasons including a full moon.AimsTo determine whether there is a temporal relationship between the occurrence of the first‐ever unprovoked seizure and the lunar cycle.MethodsWe studied adults who presented with a first‐ever unprovoked seizure to two tertiary centres in Australia. Seizure onset time was obtained from the emergency department and ambulance documentations. We used Poisson regression modelling and incidence rate ratios (IRR) to determine whether seizures have a preponderance for a particular lunar phase. We performed further analysis on ‘first seizure epilepsy’ and ‘first seizure not epilepsy’ subgroups based on the International League Against Epilepsy criteria for a diagnosis of epilepsy after a single unprovoked seizure.ResultsWe analysed 1710 patients (38% females; median age 39 years), of whom 18% had epileptiform abnormalities on electroencephalogram (EEG) and potentially epileptogenic lesions were detected on neuroimaging in 28%. Based on the EEG and imaging findings, 684 (40%) patients were categorised as ‘first seizure epilepsy’ and 1026 (60%) ‘first seizure not epilepsy’. The whole cohort and subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the seizure occurrence among the four lunar quarters.ConclusionsFirst unprovoked seizures are not influenced by the lunar cycle. Patients pondering the cause of their first‐ever unprovoked seizure can be reassured that the full moon was not responsible.
Transnational fathers: New theoretical and conceptual challenges
Authors: Parke Ross D. , Cookston Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe propose a transactional model of risk and resilience and ambiguous loss as theoretical guides to understanding transnational fathering. We also examine the risk and buffering conditions associated with each temporal aspect of the migrant journey of transnational fathers beginning with the initial decision to leave their country of origin to their process of resettlement in a destination country. In addition, we examine the effects of the absence of transnational fathers from their family on the fathers themselves, their partners, and their children. We critically explore the buffering effects of communication at a distance as a strategy for reducing the risks associated with the migration experience of transnational fathers and examine the buffering role of substitute caregivers in the home country as a means of reducing the risk associated with the absence of fathers on children. New directions for future work in this area are noted.
Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Is Efficacious and Safe in Frail Individuals
Authors: Curran Desmond , Kim Joon H. , Matthews Sean , Dessart Christophe , Levin Myron J. , Oostvogels Lidia , Riley Megan E. , Schmader Kenneth E. , Cunningham Anthony L. , McNeil Shelly A. , Schuind Anne E. , Andrew Melissa K. ,   Zoster‐064 Study Group
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESFrail participants are often under‐represented in randomized trials, raising questions about outcomes of interventions in real‐world settings. Frailty is strongly associated with vulnerability to illness and adverse health outcomes. We studied the impact of frailty on recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) clinical outcomes.DESIGN/SETTINGData from two previously conducted phase III randomized trials of RZV were pooled. These two parent trials were conducted concurrently at the same study sites using the same methods.PARTICIPANTS/INTERVENTIONIn the two parent studies, participants aged ≥50 years (ZOE‐50 study) and ≥70 years (ZOE‐70 study), respectively, were randomized 1:1 to receive two doses of RZV or placebo.MEASUREMENTSIn the current ZOE‐Frailty study (NCT03563183), a frailty index was created using previously validated methods. Clinical outcomes assessed by frailty status included vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety.RESULTSOf 29,305 participants from the pooled ZOE‐50 and ZOE‐70 total vaccinated cohort, 92% were included in this study. Mean age was 68.8 years; 58.1% were women; 45.6% were pre‐frail and 11.3% frail. The percentage of frail participants increased with age from 5.7% aged 50–59 years to 22.7% aged ≥80 years. RZV vaccine efficacy against herpes zoster was >90% for all frailty subgroups (non‐frail: 95.8% (95% confidence interval = 91.6–98.2), pre‐frail: 90.4% (84.4–94.4), frail: 90.2% (75.4–97.0)). The RZV group demonstrated robust anti‐gE antibody and gE‐specific CD42+ responses, with mean concentrations remaining above pre‐vaccination levels at least 3 years post‐dose two, in all frailty subgroups. In the RZV group, the percentage of participants reporting solicited adverse events tended to decrease with increasing frailty.CONCLUSIONThe relatively nonrestrictive inclusion/exclusion criteria in the parent ZOE studies resulted in a range of participants that included frail and pre‐frail older adults. RZV significantly reduced the risk of herpes zoster across all frailty subgroups.