bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of macular structural and vascular changes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and primary open angle glaucoma: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xiayin , Xiao Hui , Liu Chunxin , Zhao Lanqin , Wang Jinghui , Li Haiquan , Wang Ruixin , Zhu Yi , Chen Chuan , Wu Xiaohang , Lin Duoru , Wang Jingqi , Liu Xing , Qiu Wei , Yu-Wai-Man Patrick , Ting Daniel S , Lin Haotian 
Published: May 2020

AimsTo compare macular structure and vasculature between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using optical coherence tomography angiography.MethodsNMOSD patients (n=124) with/without a history of optic neuritis (ON) (NMO+ON: 113 eyes; NMO-ON: 95 eyes), glaucomatous patients (n=102) with early/advanced glaucoma (G-E: 74 eyes; G-A: 50 eyes) and healthy controls (n=62; 90 eyes) were imaged. The main outcome measures were macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) in the superficial capillary plexus, and diagnostic capabilities of the parameters as calculated by area under the curve (AUC).ResultsSignificant losses in GC-IPL, VD and PD were detected in both patients with NMOSD and POAG. With matched losses in the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer, NMOSD group showed significant thinning of GC-IPL in the nasal-superior quadrant, whereas in POAG group, significant thinning was observed in the inferior and temporal-inferior quadrants. GC-IPL thinning was more prominent in the superior, nasal-superior and nasal-inferior quadrants in NMO+ON eyes. In G-A eyes, significant GC-IPL thinning was seen in the temporal-inferior quadrant. The specific structural parameters combining VD and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) indices showed the best diagnostic accuracies. The FAZ area in eyes with NMOSD was significantly smaller than the eyes of healthy controls and POAG.ConclusionNMOSD and POAG have specific patterns of macular structural and vascular changes associated with pathophysiology. Our results indicate that FAZ could be a sensitive biomarker of macular changes in NMOSD.
Role of socio-economic factors in visual impairment and progression of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Low Jin Rong , Gan Alfred Tau Liang , Fenwick Eva K , Gupta Preeti , Wong Tien Y , Teo Zhen Ling , Thakur Sahil , Tham Yih Chung , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Cheng Ching-Yu , Lamoureux Ecosse Luc , Man Ryan Eyn Kidd 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundTo investigate the longitudinal associations between person-level and area-level socioeconomic status (PLSES and ALSES, respectively) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and visual impairment (VI) in Asians with diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsIn this population-based cohort study, we included 468 (39.4%) Malays and 721 (60.6%) Indians with DM, with a mean age (SD) of 58.9 (9.1) years; 50.6% were female and the mean follow-up duration was 6.2 (0.9) years. Individual PLSES parameters (education, monthly income and housing type) were quantified using questionnaires. ALSES was assessed using the Socioeconomic Disadvantage Index derived from Singapore’s 2010 areal census (higher scores indicate greater disadvantage). Incident DR and VI were defined as absent at baseline but present at follow-up, while DR and VI progression were defined as a ≥1 step increase in severity category at follow-up. Modified Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the associations of PLSES and ALSES with incidence and progression of DR and VI, adjusting for relevant confounders.ResultsIn multivariable models, per SD increase in ALSES score was associated with greater DR incidence (risk ratio (95% CI) 1.27 (1.13 to 1.44)), DR progression (1.10 (1.00 to 1.20)) and VI incidence (1.10 (1.04 to 1.16)), while lower PLSES variables were associated with increased DR (low income: 1.68 (1.21 to 2.34)) and VI (low income: 1.44 (1.13 to 1.83); ≤4 room housing: 2.00 (1.57 to 2.54)) incidence.ConclusionsWe found that both PLSES and ALSES variables were independently associated with DR incidence, progression and associated vision loss in Asians. Novel intervention strategies targeted at low socioeconomic status communities to decrease rates of DR and VI are warranted.
Protocol of a randomised controlled trial assessing the impact of physical activity on bone health in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Vanhelst Jérémy , Coopman Stéphanie , Labreuche Julien , Dupont Claire , Bertrand Valérie , Djeddi Djamal , Turck Dominique , Ley Delphine 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionLow bone mineral density (BMD) is a frequent issue in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies in healthy populations have reported a positive impact of physical activity (PA) on bone health. Recently, an observational study in paediatric patients with IBD showed a significant positive relationship between daily PA and BMD. However, intervention studies investigating a causal relationship between PA and BMD are warranted to confirm these results. The aim of this randomised controlled trial will be to investigate the effect of a PA programme on BMD in paediatric patients with IBD.Methods and analysisThis trial is a multicentre (four centres), randomised, controlled, blinded end-point study. Eighty children with IBD will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a programme with adapted physical exercises (intervention group) or usual PA (control group) during a 9-month period. The primary outcome is the change from baseline at 9 months (the end of the study) in whole-body BMD assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Secondary efficacy outcomes include the changes from baseline at 9 months in: BMD assessed in the lumbar spine and trochanter; daily PA (time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA); body composition (fat mass and fat-free mass); fatigue resistance; quality of life and activity of IBD.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee in France (Comité de Protection des Personnes, Sud-Ouest and Outre-Mer III, Bordeaux, France, No 2018/27). All procedures will be performed according to the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008, and the European Union’s Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Written informed consent will be obtained from the parents or legal guardian and from the children. Research findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT03774329.
Integrated palliative homecare in advanced dementia: reduced healthcare utilisation and costs
Authors: Pereira Michelle Jessica , Tay Ri Yin , Tan Woan Shin , Molina Joseph Antonio De Castro , Ali Noorhazlina Binte , Leong Ian Yi Onn , Wu Huei Yaw , Chin Jing Jih , Lee Angel Onn Kei , Koh Mervyn Yong Hwang , Hum Allyn Y M 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the economic benefit of an integrated home-based palliative care programme for advanced dementia (Programme Dignity), evaluation is required. This study aimed to estimate Programme Dignity’s average monthly cost from a provider’s perspective; and compare healthcare utilisation and costs of programme patients with controls, accounting for enrolment duration.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Home-dwelling patients with advanced dementia (stage 7 on the functional assessment staging in Alzheimer’s disease) with a history of pneumonia, albumin <35 g/L or tube-feeding and known to be deceased were analysed (Programme Dignity=184, controls=139). One-year programme operational costs were apportioned on a per patient-month basis. Cumulative healthcare utilisation and costs were examined at 1, 3 and 6 months look-back from death. Between-group comparisons used Poisson, zero-inflated Poisson regressions and generalised linear models.ResultsThe average monthly programme cost was SGD$1311 (SGD-Pounds exchange rate: 0.481) per patient. Fully enrolled programme patients were less likely to visit the emergency department (incidence rate ratios (IRRs): 1 month=0.56; 3 months=0.19; 6 months=0.10; all p<0.001), be admitted to hospital (IRRs: 1 month=0.60; 3 months=0.19; 6 months=0.15; all p<0.001), had a lower cumulative length of stay (IRRs: 1 month=0.78; 3 months=0.49; 6 months=0.24; all p<0.001) and incurred lesser healthcare utilisation costs (β-coefficients: 1 month=0.70; 3 months=0.40; 6 months=0.43; all p<0.01) at all time-points examined.ConclusionProgramme Dignity for advanced dementia reduces healthcare utilisation and costs. If scalable, it may benefit more patients wishing to remain at home at the end-of-life, allowing for a potentially sustainable care model to cope with rapid population ageing. It contributes to the evidence base of advanced dementia palliative care and informs healthcare policy making. Future studies should estimate informal caregiving costs for comprehensive economic evaluation.
Fibronodular hepatocellular carcinoma—a new variant of liver cancer: clinical, pathological and radiological correlation
Authors: Tefera Jonathan , Revzin Margarita , Chapiro Julius , Savic Lynn Jeanette , Mulligan David , Batra Ramesh , Taddei Tamar , Jain Dhanpat , Zhang Xuchen 
Published: May 2020

AimsTo establish and define a new, not previously reported hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) variant, termed fibronodular HCC (FN-HCC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 290 HCC cases and identified 29 FN-HCC and 24 scirrhous HCC (SCHCC). Clinical, pathological and radiological features of FN-HCC were reviewed and compared with 30 conventional HCCs (CV-HCC) and SC-HCC.ResultsFN-HCCs were more likely to arise in non-advanced fibrotic livers with lower advanced Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, had lower rates of progression and longer time to progression and were more likely to be surgically resected compared with CV-HCCs and SC-HCCs. Imaging analysis of FN-HCCs demonstrated higher rates of non-peripheral washout and a new distinct pattern of enhancement which is characterised by the presence of multiple rounded nodules within a lesion embedded in fibrotic-appearing parenchyma.ConclusionsFN-HCC may represent a specific variant of HCC with distinct pathological, radiological and clinical features with potential ramifications for outcome.
Hyperon III: $$K^{-}p - \pi \varSigma $$ coupled-channel dynamics in the $$\varLambda (1405)$$ mass region
Authors: Anisovich A. V. , Sarantsev A. V. , Nikonov V. A. , Burkert V. , Schumacher R. A. , Thoma U. , Klempt E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLow-energy data on the three charge states in $$\gamma p \rightarrow K^+(\varSigma \pi )$$

γ
p
→

K
+

(
Σ
π
)

from CLAS at JLab, on $$K^-p\rightarrow \pi ^0\pi ^0\varLambda $$

K
-

p
→

π
0

π
0

Λ

and $$\pi ^0\pi ^0\varSigma $$

π
0

π
0

Σ

from the Crystal Ball at BNL, bubble chamber data on $$K^-p\rightarrow \pi ^-\pi ^+\pi ^{\pm }\varSigma ^{\mp }$$

K
-

p
→

π
-

π
+

π
±

Σ
∓

, low-energy total cross sections on $$K^-$$

K
-

induced reactions, and data on the $$K^-p$$

K
-

p

atom are fitted with the BnGa partial-wave-analysis program. We find that the data can be fitted well with just one isoscalar spin-1/2 negative-parity pole, the $$\varLambda (1405)$$

Λ
(
1405
)

, and background contributions. In a fit with one isocsalar state, the $$\varLambda (1405)$$

Λ
(
1405
)

structure can be determined as a dominantly SU(3) singlet state. A fit with two isoscalar singlet states, with imposed properties of the low-mass state, is, however, also not incompatible with data.
Dark energy and inflation invoked in CCGG by locally contorted space-time
Authors: Vasak David , Kirsch Johannes , Struckmeier Jürgen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cosmological implications of the covariant canonical gauge theory of gravity (CCGG) are investigated. We deduce that, in a metric-compatible geometry, the requirement of covariant conservation of matter invokes torsion of space-time. In the Friedman model, this leads to a scalar field built from contortion and the metric with the property of dark energy, which transforms the cosmological constant to a time-dependent function. Moreover, the quadratic, scale-invariant Riemann–Cartan term in the CCGG Lagrangian endows space-time with kinetic energy, and in the field equations adds a geometrical curvature correction to Einstein gravity. Applying in the Friedman model the standard $$\Lambda \hbox {CDM}$$

Λ
CDM

parameter set, those equations yield a cosmological field depending just on one additional, dimensionless “deformation” parameter of the theory that determines the strength of the quadratic term, viz. the deviation from the Einstein–Hilbert ansatz. Moreover, the apparent curvature of the universe differs from the actual curvature parameter of the metric. The numerical analysis in that parameter space yields three cosmology types: (1) a bounce universe starting off from a finite scale followed by a steady inflation, (2) a singular Big Bang universe undergoing a secondary inflation–deceleration phase and (3) a solution similar to standard cosmology but with a different temporal profile. The common feature of all scenarios is the graceful exit to the current dark energy era. The value of the deformation parameter can be deduced by comparing theoretical calculations with observations, namely with the SNeIa Hubble diagram and the deceleration parameter. That comparison implies a considerable admixture of scale-invariant quadratic gravity to Einstein gravity. This theory also sheds new light on the resolution of the cosmological constant problem and of the Hubble tension.
Linear Regression from Strategic Data Sources
Authors: Gast Nicolas , Ioannidis Stratis , Loiseau Patrick , Roussillon Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

Linear regression is a fundamental building block of statistical data analysis. It amounts to estimating the parameters of a linear model that maps input features to corresponding outputs. In the classical setting where the precision of each data point is fixed, the famous Aitken/Gauss-Markov theorem in statistics states that generalized least squares (GLS) is a so-called “Best Linear Unbiased Estimator” (BLUE). In modern data science, however, one often facesstrategic data sources; namely, individuals who incur a cost for providing high-precision data. For instance, this is the case for personal data, whose revelation may affect an individual’s privacy—which can be modeled as a cost—or in applications such as recommender systems, where producing an accurate estimate entails effort.In this article, we study a setting in which features are public but individuals choose the precision of the outputs they reveal to an analyst. We assume that the analyst performs linear regression on this dataset, and individuals benefit from the outcome of this estimation. We model this scenario as a game where individuals minimize a cost composed of two components: (a) an (agent-specific) disclosure cost for providing high-precision data; and (b) a (global) estimation cost representing the inaccuracy in the linear model estimate. In this game, the linear model estimate is a public good that benefits all individuals. We establish that this game has a unique non-trivial Nash equilibrium. We study the efficiency of this equilibrium and we prove tight bounds on the price of stability for a large class of disclosure and estimation costs. Finally, we study the estimator accuracy achieved at equilibrium. We show that, in general, Aitken’s theorem does not hold under strategic data sources, though it does hold if individuals have identical disclosure costs (up to a multiplicative factor). When individuals have non-identical costs, we derive a bound on the improvement of the equilibrium estimation cost that can be achieved by deviating from GLS, under mild assumptions on the disclosure cost functions.
Detection of Promoter DNA Methylation in Urine and Plasma Aids the Detection of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Bin , Ricarte Filho Julio , Mallisetty Apurva , Villani Cassandra , Kottorou Anastasia , Rodgers Kristen , Chen Chen , Ito Tomoaki , Holmes Kyla , Gastala Nicole , Valyi-Nagy Klara , David Odile , Gaba Ron C. , Ascoli Christian , Pasquinelli Mary , Feldman Lawrence E. , Massad Malek G. , Wang Tza-Huei , Jusue-Torres Ignacio , Benedetti Enrico , Winn Robert A. , Brock Malcolm V. , Herman James G. , Hulbert Alicia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Low-dose CT screening can reduce lung cancer–related mortality. However, CT screening has an FDR of nearly 96%. We sought to assess whether urine samples can be a source for DNA methylation–based detection of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Experimental Design:
This nested case–control study of subjects with suspicious nodules on CT imaging obtained plasma and urine samples preoperatively. Cases (n = 74) had pathologic confirmation of NSCLC. Controls (n = 27) had a noncancer diagnosis. We detected promoter methylation in plasma and urine samples using methylation on beads and quantitative methylation–specific real-time PCR for cancer-specific genes (CDO1, TAC1, HOXA7, HOXA9, SOX17, and ZFP42).

Results:
DNA methylation at cancer-specific loci was detected in both plasma and urine, and was more frequent in patients with cancer compared with controls for all six genes in plasma and in CDO1, TAC1, HOXA9, and SOX17 in urine. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that methylation detection in each one of six genes in plasma and CDO1, TAC1, HOXA9, and SOX17 in urine were significantly associated with the diagnosis of NSCLC, independent of age, race, and smoking pack-years. When methylation was detected for three or more genes in both plasma and urine, the sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer diagnosis were 73% and 92%, respectively.

Conclusions:
DNA methylation–based biomarkers in plasma and urine could be useful as an adjunct to CT screening to guide decision-making regarding further invasive procedures in patients with pulmonary nodules.
Classification of RRIM clone series using artificial neural network
Authors: Ama Ismail Faridatul , Madzhi Nina Korlina , Ezan Abdullah Noor , Hashim Hadzli 
Published: May 2020

This paper presents comparative investigation on the classification of rubber latex clone series using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on optical sensing technique. Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia (RRIM) introduced the rubber breeding program known as RRIM clone series in order to increase the yield of latex production and the rubber wood to meet the requirement for export and import in upstream sector. Due to the large numbers of clones launched with different characteristics and properties, this bring difficulty such as lack of information regarding to the identification on cloning. Therefore, this work developed an optical based sensing system for classification of the selected RRIM 2000 and 3000 clone series based. Near Infrared Sensors was used as sensing element in order to measure the latex from the top surface and photodiode which received the reflected light from the sensor via reflectance index in term of voltage. The raw obtained data was then used as input parameter for ANN tool which supervised by scaled gradient back propagation and the performance was optimized at 25 neurons with 74.4% accuracy. By using ANN the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for each clones are measured. RRIM 3001 shows the highest sensitivity, 94.1% while RRIM 2002 shows the highest specificity of 99.1% accuracy, 93.1%. As a result, the system could differentiate RRIM 2002 more compare to other clones.
Ten‐Year Trends in Enrollment of Women and Minorities in Pivotal Trials Supporting Recent US Food and Drug Administration Approval of Novel Cardiometabolic Drugs
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Shahid Izza , Siddiqi Tariq Jamal , Khan Safi U. , Warraich Haider J. , Greene Stephen J. , Butler Javed , Michos Erin D. 
Published: May 2020

Background
In 1993, the US Food and Drug Administration established guidelines to increase diversity by sex and race/ethnicity of participants in clinical trials supporting novel drug approvals. In this study we investigated the 10‐year trends of participation of women and minorities in pivotal trials supporting approval of new molecular entities in cardiometabolic drugs from January 2008 to December 2017.

Methods and Results

A list of new molecular entities was abstracted from publicly available data at
Drugs@Fda
. Sex and race/ethnicity data were collected from trial publications. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relation between drug approval year and proportion of women and minorities enrolled. Thirty‐five novel cardiovascular (n=24) and diabetes mellitus (n=11) drugs were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration during the study period. The median number of participants supporting each drug was 5930 (interquartile range, 3175–10 942). Women represented 36% (n=108 052) of trial participants (n=296 163). Women were underrepresented compared with their proportion of the disease population in trials of coronary heart disease (participation‐to‐prevalence ratio, 0.52), heart failure (participation‐to‐prevalence ratio, 0.58), and acute coronary syndrome (participation‐to‐prevalence ratio, 0.68). Among trial participants, 81% were white, 4% black, 12% Asian, and 11% Hispanic/Latino. There was no significant association between enrollment of women (
P
=0.29) or underrepresented minorities (
P
=0.45) with the drug approval year.

Conclusions
Over the past decade (2008–2017), women and minorities, particularly blacks, have continued to be inadequately represented in pivotal cardiometabolic clinical trials that support US Food and Drug Administration approval of new molecular entities. This may have major implications in determining efficacy of such therapies in these groups, and may impair generalizability of trial results to routine clinical practice.
Biasing the Perception of Spoken Words with Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation
Authors: Kösem Anne , Bosker Hans Rutger , Jensen Ole , Hagoort Peter , Riecke Lars 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Recent neuroimaging evidence suggests that the frequency of entrained oscillations in auditory cortices influences the perceived duration of speech segments, impacting word perception [Kösem, A., Bosker, H. R., Takashima, A., Meyer, A., Jensen, O., & Hagoort, P. Neural entrainment determines the words we hear. Current Biology, 28, 2867–2875, 2018]. We further tested the causal influence of neural entrainment frequency during speech processing, by manipulating entrainment with continuous transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at distinct oscillatory frequencies (3 and 5.5 Hz) above the auditory cortices. Dutch participants listened to speech and were asked to report their percept of a target Dutch word, which contained a vowel with an ambiguous duration. Target words were presented either in isolation (first experiment) or at the end of spoken sentences (second experiment). We predicted that the tACS frequency would influence neural entrainment and therewith how speech is perceptually sampled, leading to a perceptual overestimation or underestimation of the vowel's duration. Whereas results from Experiment 1 did not confirm this prediction, results from Experiment 2 suggested a small effect of tACS frequency on target word perception: Faster tACS leads to more long-vowel word percepts, in line with the previous neuroimaging findings. Importantly, the difference in word perception induced by the different tACS frequencies was significantly larger in Experiment 1 versus Experiment 2, suggesting that the impact of tACS is dependent on the sensory context. tACS may have a stronger effect on spoken word perception when the words are presented in continuous speech as compared to when they are isolated, potentially because prior (stimulus-induced) entrainment of brain oscillations might be a prerequisite for tACS to be effective.