bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working in prehospital emergency contexts
Authors: Oliveira Ana Cristina , Neto Félix , Teixeira Filipa , Maia Ângela 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Ambulance personnel face a diversity of stressful events that could be potentially traumatic, putting their health and well-being at risk. The purpose of this paper is to explore, from this group perspective, sources of stress, coping strategies and support measures.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors interviewed 14 ambulance workers of Portuguese Red Cross local structures from the north of Portugal. Data were analyzed according to thematic analysis procedures.

Findings
The authors identified three themes: operational and organizational factors, control and predictability; anticipating scenarios, focusing on procedures and dealing with reactions; and from undervalued support to support as routine. Dealing with human lives, the unpredictability of calls and working under pressure are the main sources of stress, causing, in some of them, insomnia, fatigue, anxiety and intrusive thoughts. Road accidents, situations involving children and cardiac arrest are the most distressing events. During events, they cope focusing on technical procedures, but after them they prefer to talk with colleagues and seek support from family and friends. All participants emphasize the inexistence of structured support measures.

Practical implications
It is important to develop support measures tailored to ambulance personnel’s needs, leading to enhancements of theirs work performance, health and well-being.

Originality/value
Contrarily to most of the studies that explore mostly PTSD and/or burnout, the authors explored, from the perspective of professionals, other dimensions such as sources of stress, coping strategies and support measures, adopting a qualitative approach, which has been rarely used.
The lived experience of toxic leadership in Irish higher education
Authors: Fahie Declan 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reveal the lived experience of toxic leadership for a cohort of 11 individuals who work, or have worked, in the field of higher education in Ireland. Drawing on national and international literature, as well as the testimonies of a cohort of academic and administrative staff, the study considers the impact of this negative management style on these individuals as well as upon the organisation itself.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 11 self-selected individuals (four males and seven females) were interviewed for this pilot study. Data from the semi-structured interviews were organised thematically and analysed with the support of the computer software package MAXQDA®.

Findings
The results show that the experience of toxic leadership was profound for the interviewees across a number of contexts. They reported adverse physical and psychological impacts as well as detailing the repercussions for their respective career trajectories as they endeavoured to safely navigate their often-hostile work environment. Human resources departments within their respective institutions were the focus of considerable criticism by the interviewees who highlighted, what they saw as, the inherent contradiction/tension between the perceived roles and responsibilities of such departments in addressing or resolving interpersonal work-related disputes.

Originality/value
The findings expand on the extant scholarly literature on toxic leadership in higher education and, for the first time, offer a revealing insight on this phenomenon within the Irish context.
The role of the predictive gamification to increase the sales performance: a novel business approach
Authors: Rocha Elenise Martins , Pereira Giancarlo Medeiros , Pacheco Diego Augusto de Jesus 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of predictive gamification, through a sales simulator game, as a strategy to minimize sales problems in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
This empirical study was executed in a large global company that produces and markets footwear for B2B and B2C markets. The company operates in more than 18 countries and adopts the gamification to train 7,600 sellers and 10,052 professionals directly linked to the sales area. The methodology adopted followed a qualitative and exploratory approach based on an in-depth case study analysis.

Findings
Results indicated that the use of predictive gamification allowed mitigating future problems, in average, four months in advance of the arrival of the new products at the points of sale. The main findings included improvement in sales arguments, product knowledge and sales closure. The company assigns the results to the implementation of the gamification and the possibility to simulate the evaluation of the level of readiness of the sales force resources. For this, the following three primary variables emerged: adequate definition of training content, analysis of the learning process and simulation of store reality.

Research limitations/implications
The authors introduced to the sales training literature the concept of predictive gamification. The predictive gamification allows anticipating and reducing future problems before the arrival of the new products in the market, improving the argument of sales, the knowledge about the products and the ratio of sales conversion of stores.

Practical implications
First, the content design of gamification needs to be carefully projected before the simulator development, considering the target audience and its particularities. Second, the construction of evaluation activities needs to consider contexts, actions and results. Third, monitoring the paths taken by the seller in the simulator environment is requisite. Fourth, the analysis of the results of vendor responses in the simulator environment can be obtained through learning management system reports. Fifth, the development of game simulators with advanced technologies may be done with low investment.

Originality/value
The findings have implications for the field vis-à-vis three main research gaps identified in the literature discussing gamification in sales training. First, the authors identified best practices from the application of gamification in sales training. Second, they showed the sales qualification processes, which can be improved by applying gamification. Third, they presented strategies of use of gamification as an approach allied to the training of sales professionals to generate enhanced sales results.
Medical imaging as a taphonomic tool
Authors: Profico Antonio , Tafuri Mary Anne , Di Vincenzo Fabio , Ricci Francesca , Ottini Laura , Ventura Luca , Fornaciari Gino , Di Lernia Savino , Manzi Giorgio 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Medical imaging applied to archaeological human remains represents a powerful tool for the study of specimens of exceptionally fragile nature. Here, the authors report a tomographic computerized investigation on the naturally mummified human remains from the Takarkori rock shelter (Libyan Sahara), dated to the Middle Pastoral Neolithic (ca. 6100-5600 uncal BP). The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
Medical radiological techniques allowed us to discriminate and isolate the tissues preserved thanks to their different electron density, driving us to detailed examinations of features of interest.

Findings
With a focus on anatomy and taphonomy, the authors infer on post-depositional phenomena in a way that could not be achieved through traditional approaches.

Originality/value
The investigation of digital data allows to acquire new sets of information with no risk for the original object. This case study is especially important considering that the human remains from Takarkori are currently not available to the scientific community due to political instability in Lybia.
Environment uncertainty and a firm’s strategic change the moderating role of political connection and family ownership
Authors: Wang Kai , Pellegrini Massimiliano Matteo , Xue Jiaan , Wang Cizhi 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Strategic change is integral to the survival and development of firms. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of environmental uncertainty on a firm’s strategic change and further demonstrates the moderating role of political connection and family ownership on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and a firm’s strategic change.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses the population sample of Chinese firms listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2014 and quantitatively tests hypotheses through correlation analysis, regression analysis and other methods.

Findings
Environmental uncertainty has a positive effect on the degree of strategic changes made. Political connection and family ownership negatively moderate the impact of the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty (environmental dynamism and environmental munificence) on strategic changes.

Originality/value
Conclusions enrich the research of other studies on firms’ strategic changes. From an open systems perspective, this paper reveals the influences of external environmental factors on firms’ strategic changes. In addition to this, in analyzing the ways in which environmental uncertainty affects a firm’s strategic change, the research expands the application scope of information processing theory and resource-based view. This paper also provides significant practical observations on firms’ strategic decision making in this area.
Navigating the grey areas of law and ethics in ethnography
Authors: Moretti Alessandro 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that the use of legally and ethically dubious methods in ethnography can sometimes be justified in the pursuit of new knowledge. The paper offers reflections on the risks that participatory methods of enquiry can bring upon both researcher and research participants, particularly in terms of the physical and reputational risks that researchers must face when adopting ethnographic methods in unwelcoming research environments.Design/methodology/approachEthnographic methods, specifically participant observation (PO), were adopted to penetrate a gang of criminal ticket touts in the UK through a gatekeeper who provided access to knowledge and experience.FindingsPushing the legal and ethical boundaries of research is not only justifiable, but sometimes necessary in the discovery of new, socially valuable and otherwise unobtainable knowledge. Ethnographic research and PO are the only methods through which it is possible to gauge an understanding and appreciation, and thus present a valid depiction, of deviant and hard to access groups. As such, the use of these methods can sometimes be justified, within certain parameters.Originality/valueThis research adopts ethnographic methods in the under-researched and topical area of black market ticket touting in the UK. Ethnography alone, through an “internal” understanding of the participants’ viewpoints, can reveal that much of what is discussed in the media and in Parliament is inaccurate. The paper builds on the existing literature on touting and on conducting illegal research, and offers reflections on why these methods can sometimes be justified.
Flaxseeds (L. Usitatissimum) attenuates blood pressure, acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress in ouabain-induced hypertension in normal Wistar rats
Authors: Berzou Sadia , Krouf Djamil , Taleb-Dida Nawal , Guenzet Akila 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of flaxseed (L. usitatissimum[Linn]) on blood pressure, redox status markers and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity in ouabain-induced hypertension in normal Wistar rats.Design/methodology/approachMale Wistar rats weighing 250 ± 7 g (n= 24) fed with an experimental diet containing 20 per cent casein were divided into three groups (n= 8) and received a daily subcutaneous injection of either 0.9 per cent saline solution (T group) or 10 µg/kg/day of ouabain diluted in saline solution-treated Oub-Lu or not with 1 per cent of flaxseed (L. usitatissimum) mixed in the diet for 21 days.FindingsThe results showed that treatment with flaxseed had a significant effect (p< 0.05) in decreasing systolic, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and the heart rate in hypertensive rats. Total and non-HDL cholesterol levels were reduced by –26 and –35 per cent;p= 0.04, respectively. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased by –85 and –42 per cent (p= 0.001 andp= 0.04), respectively in the plasma and heart. Nitric oxide levels were increased in the aorta (+ 63 per cent;p= 0.001). Moreover, in the heart and aorta, a significant increase was noted in the thiol contents (+81 and +69 per cent;p= 0.001, respectively), glutathione peroxidase (+50 per cent;p= 0.03 andp= 0.01, respectively) and acetylcholinesterase activities (75 and +19 per cent, respectively;p= 0.001 andp= 0.04).Originality/valueThese results suggest hypotensive, cardiomoderating and antioxidant effects of flaxseed in ouabain-induced hypertension in the rat. In addition, it promotes a significant increase of the acetylcholinesterase activity in tissues.
The collaborative roles of the government and private sector to foster innovation in Bahrain
Authors: Modara Marjan , Bennet Alex , Ribiere Vincent 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the government and private sector collaboration by focusing on their roles in influencing the innovation activities crucial for the development of a knowledge economy (KE) in Bahrain.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative methodology based on an explorative single multi-unit case study strategy was used with individual and focus group interviews as primary sources of data collection. Perspectives of 22 individuals and three focus groups involving participants working in private, semi-government and government sectors that influence the economy of Bahrain were collected along with reports and articles published regarding those sectors as second sources of data compilation.

Findings
The preliminary findings show that Bahrain’s pursuit of a KE has already begun by the government developing policies and regulations for the financial sector to innovate in financial technology (FinTech). It was also found that in order for innovation processes and products to be developed further in Bahrain, the government had to play a stronger role in promoting, facilitating and incentivizing those processes and developments. The role of the private sector emerged as the sole producer of innovation and the main entity responsible for producing innovative products and services that would inject direct values into the commercial economy of the innovation ecosystem.

Originality/value
This is the first study that examines the influence of collaboration between the government and the private sector on innovation development in Bahrain. This research also provides an assessment tool that can serve as the groundwork for studies in the Gulf Cooperative Council countries since those countries share similar culture, language, religion and a hydrocarbon-dependent economy as Bahrain and are aiming to develop KE strategies.
Predicting species abundances in a grassland biodiversity experiment: Trade‐offs between model complexity and generality
Authors: Clark Adam Thomas , Ann Turnbull Lindsay , Tredennick Andrew , Allan Eric , Harpole W. Stanley , Mayfield Margaret M. , Soliveres Santiago , Barry Kathryn , Eisenhauer Nico , de Kroon Hans , Rosenbaum Benjamin , Wagg Cameron , Weigelt Alexandra , Feng Yanhao , Roscher Christiane , Schmid Bernhard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModels of natural processes necessarily sacrifice some realism for the sake of tractability. Detailed, parameter‐rich models often provide accurate estimates of system behaviour but can be data‐hungry and difficult to operationalize. Moreover, complexity increases the danger of ‘over‐fitting’, which leads to poor performance when models are applied to novel conditions. This challenge is typically described in terms of a trade‐off between bias and variance (i.e. low accuracy vs. low precision).In studies of ecological communities, this trade‐off often leads to an argument about the level of detail needed to describe interactions among species. Here, we used data from a grassland biodiversity experiment containing nine locally abundant plant species (the Jena ‘dominance experiment’) to parameterize models representing six increasingly complex hypotheses about interactions. For each model, we calculated goodness‐of‐fit across different subsets of the data based on sown species richness levels, and tested how performance changed depending on whether or not the same data were used to parameterize and test the model (i.e. within vs. out‐of‐sample), and whether the range of diversity treatments being predicted fell inside or outside of the range used for parameterization.As expected, goodness‐of‐fit improved as a function of model complexity for all within‐sample tests. In contrast, the best out‐of‐sample performance generally resulted from models of intermediate complexity (i.e. with only two interaction coefficients per species—an intraspecific effect and a single pooled interspecific effect), especially for predictions that fell outside the range of diversity treatments used for parameterization. In accordance with other studies, our results also demonstrate that commonly used selection methods based on AIC of models fitted to the full dataset correspond more closely to within‐sample than out‐of‐sample performance.Synthesis.Our results demonstrate that models which include only general intra and interspecific interaction coefficients can be sufficient for estimating species‐level abundances across a wide range of contexts and may provide better out‐of‐sample performance than do more complex models. These findings serve as a reminder that simpler models may often provide a better trade‐off between bias and variance in ecological systems, particularly when applying models beyond the conditions used to parameterize them.
Developing meaningful client‐dietitian relationships in the chronic disease context: An exploration of dietitians' perspectives
Authors: Nagy Annaliese , McMahon Anne , Tapsell Linda , Deane Frank 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimMeaningful client‐dietitian relationships are central to effective dietetic practice. The chronic disease management setting provides an opportunity to examine what is meaningful and how these relationships are constructed, because the dietitian and client generally have multiple interactions over an extended period of time. This study aimed to explore dietitians' perspectives of how they develop meaningful relationships with clients managing lifestyle‐related chronic diseases.MethodsStudy design and analysis were guided by Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory. Dietitians working in Australia with clients managing chronic diseases were recruited through initial, snowball and theoretical sampling. Online videoconference and telephone semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Recorded interview transcripts were analysed using repeated reviews comprising initial, focused and theoretical coding and memoing.ResultsTwenty‐two dietitians were recruited. A conceptual model developed from the data showed the dietitian's role in developing the client‐dietitian relationship is complex. Key elements were identified and described as ‘Sensing a Professional Chemistry’, and the dietitian's skills in ‘Balancing Professional and Social Relationships’ and ‘Managing Tension with Competing Influences’. Influences were categorised as relating to the client and dietitian as individuals (eg, their values), their support network and external contextual factors (eg, working with interpreters).ConclusionDeveloping relationships with clients in the chronic disease context appears complex due to the dietitian's role of managing multiple interrelated elements and influential factors simultaneously. To deepen understanding, research should explore clients' perspectives of relationship development and how knowledge of practitioner‐client relationships in other disciplines may be utilised to enhance dietetic service delivery.
Sibling comparisons elucidate the associations between educational attainment polygenic scores and alcohol, nicotine and cannabis
Authors: Salvatore Jessica E. , Barr Peter B. , Stephenson Mallory , Aliev Fazil , Kuo Sally I‐Chun , Su Jinni , Agrawal Arpana , Almasy Laura , Bierut Laura , Bucholz Kathleen , Chan Grace , Edenberg Howard J. , Johnson Emma C. , McCutcheon Vivia V. , Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Schuckit Marc , Tischfield Jay , Wetherill Leah , Dick Danielle M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe associations between low educational attainment and substance use disorders (SUDs) may be related to a common genetic vulnerability. We aimed to elucidate the associations between polygenic scores for educational attainment and clinical criterion counts for three SUDs (alcohol, nicotine and cannabis).DesignPolygenic association and sibling comparison methods. The latter strengthens inferences in observational research by controlling for confounding factors that differ between families.SettingSix sites in the United States.ParticipantsEuropean ancestry participants aged 25 years and older from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Polygenic association analyses included 5582 (54% female) participants. Sibling comparisons included 3098 (52% female) participants from 1226 sibling groups nested within the overall sample.MeasurementsOutcomes included criterion counts for DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder (AUDSX), Fagerström nicotine dependence (NDSX) and DSM‐5 cannabis use disorder (CUDSX). We derived polygenic scores for educational attainment (EduYears‐GPS) using summary statistics from a large (> 1 million) genome‐wide association study of educational attainment.FindingsIn polygenic association analyses, higher EduYears‐GPS predicted lower AUDSX, NDSX and CUDSX [P < 0.01, effect sizes (R2) ranging from 0.30 to 1.84%]. These effects were robust in sibling comparisons, where sibling differences in EduYears‐GPS predicted all three SUDs (P < 0.05, R2 0.13–0.20%).ConclusionsIndividuals who carry more alleles associated with educational attainment tend to meet fewer clinical criteria for alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use disorders, and these effects are robust to rigorous controls for potentially confounding factors that differ between families (e.g. socio‐economic status, urban–rural residency and parental education).