bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational modelling of cambium activity provides a regulatory framework for simulating radial plant growth
Authors: Lebovka Ivan , Mele Bruno Hay , Liu Xiaomin , Zakieva Alexandra , Schlamp Theresa , Gursanscky Nial , Merks Roeland M.H. , Großeholz Ruth , Greb Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrecise organization of growing structures is a fundamental process in developmental biology. In plants, radial growth is mediated by the cambium, a stem cell niche continuously producing wood (xylem) and bast (phloem) in a strictly bidirectional manner. While this process contributes large parts to terrestrial biomass, cambium dynamics eludes direct experimental access due to obstacles in live cell imaging. Here, we present a cell-based computational model visualizing cambium activity and integrating the function of central cambium regulators. Performing iterative comparisons of plant and model anatomies, we conclude that the receptor- like kinase PXY and its ligand CLE41 are part of a minimal framework sufficient for instructing tissue organization. By integrating tissue-specific cell wall stability values, we moreover probe the influence of physical constraints on tissue geometry. Our model highlights the role of intercellular communication within the cambium and shows that a limited number of factors is sufficient to create radial growth by bidirectional tissue production.Impact statementRadial plant growth produces large parts of terrestrial biomass and can be computationally simulated with the help of an instructive framework of intercellular communication loops.
Enterobactersp. SA187 mediates plant thermotolerance by chromatin modification of heat stress genes
Authors: Shekhawat Kirti , Sheikh Arsheed , Mariappan Kiruthiga , Jalal Rewaa , Hirt Heribert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlobal warming has become a critical challenge to food safety, causing severe yield losses of major crops worldwide. Heat acclimation empowers plants to survive under extreme temperature conditions but the potential of beneficial microbes to make plants thermotolerant has not been considered so far. Here, we report that the endophytic bacteriumEnterobactersp. SA187 induces heat tolerance inArabidopsis thalianaby reprogramming the plant transcriptome to a similar extent as acclimation. Acclimation induces priming of heat stress memory genes such asAPX2andHSP18.2via the transcription factorsHSFA1A, B, D, and Eand the downstream master regulatorHSFA2. hsfa1a,b,d,eandhsfa2mutants compromised both acclimation and bacterial priming through the same pathway ofHSFtranscription factors. However, while acclimation transiently modifies H3K4me3 levels at heat stress memory gene loci, SA187 induces the constitutive priming of these loci. In summary, we demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which SA187 imparts thermotolerance inA. thaliana, suggesting that beneficial microbes might be a promising way to enhance crop production under global warming conditions.
Spatio-temporal patterns of wildfires in the Niassa Reserve –Mozambique, using remote sensing data
Authors: Nhongo Eufrásio , Fontana Denise , Guasselli Laurindo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWildfires are among the biggest factors of ecosystem change. Knowledge of fire regime (fire frequency, severity, intensity, seasonality, and distribution pattern) is an important factor in wildfire management. This paper aims to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of fires and burned areas in the Niassa Reserve between 2002-2015 using MODIS data, active fire product (MCD14ML) and burned area product (MCD64A1). For this, the annual and monthly frequencies, the trend of fires and the frequency by types of forest cover were statistically analyzed. For the analysis of the spatial dynamics of forest fires we used the Kernel density (Fixed Method). The results show a total of 20.449 forest fires and 171.067 km2of burned areas in the period 2002-2015. Fire incidents were highest in 2015, while the largest burned areas were recorded in 2007. The relationship between increased fires and burned areas is not linear. There was a tendency for fires to increase, while for burnt areas there was stabilization. Forest fires start in May and end in December. August-October are the most frequent period, peaking in September. Fires occur predominantly in deciduous forests and mountain forests because of the type of vegetation and the amount of dry biomass. There is a monthly spatial dynamics of wildfires from east to west in the reserve. This behavior is dependent on vegetation cover type, fuel availability, and senescence.
Optimized single molecule fluorescence sheds light on elusive enzymatic mechanisms
Authors: Usaj Marko , Moretto Luisa , Vemula Venukumar , Salhotra Aseem , Månsson Alf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSingle molecule enzymology using fluorescent substrate requires truly minimal amounts of proteins. This is highly beneficial when the protein source is either advanced expression systems or samples from humans/animals with ethical and economic implications. Further benefits of single molecule analysis is the potential to reveal phenomena hidden in ensemble studies. However, dye photophysics and fluorescent contaminants complicate interpretation of the single molecule data. We here corroborate the importance of such complexities using fluorescent Alexa647 ATP to study ATP turnover by myosin and actomyosin. We further show that the complexities are largely eliminated by aggressive surface cleaning and use of a range of triple state quenchers and redox agents with minor effects on actin-myosin function. Using optimized assay conditions, we then show that the distributions of ATP binding dwell times on myosin are best described by the sum of 2 to 3 exponential processes. This applies in the presence and absence of actin and in the presence and absence of the drug para-aminoblebbistatin. Two of the processes are attributable to ATP turnover by myosin and actomyosin, respectively. A remaining process with rate constant in the range 0.2-0.5 s-1is consistent with non-specific ATP binding to myosin and bioinformatics modelling suggests that such binding may be important for accelerated ATP transport to the active site. Finally, we report studies of the actin-activated myosin ATP turnover under conditions with no sliding between actin and myosin, as in isometrically contracting muscle, revealing heterogeneity in the ATP turnover kinetics between different molecules.
Structure of the XylanO-Acetyltransferase AtXOAT1 Reveals Molecular Insight into Polysaccharide Acetylation in Plants
Authors: Lunin Vladimir V. , Wang Hsin-Tzu , Bharadwaj Vivek S. , Alahuhta Markus , Peña Maria J. , Yang Jeong-Yeh , Archer-Hartmann Stephanie A. , Azadi Parastoo , Himmel Michael E. , Moremen Kelley W. , York William S. , Bomble Yannick J. , Urbanowicz Breeanna R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcetylation of biomolecules is gaining increased attention due to both the abundance and importance of this modification across all kingdoms of life. Xylans are a major component of plant cell walls and are the third most abundant biopolymer in Nature.O-Acetyl moieties are the dominant backbone substituents of glucuronoxylan in dicots and play a major role in the polymer-polymer interactions that are crucial for proper wall architecture and normal plant development. Here, we describe the biochemical, structural, and mechanistic characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana xylan O-acetyltransferase 1 (AtXOAT1), a member of the plant-specific Trichome Birefrigence Like (TBL) family that catalyzes the 2-O-acetylation of xylan. A multipronged approach involving X-ray crystallography, biochemical analyses, mutagenesis, and molecular simulations show that XOAT1 catalyzes xylan acetylation through formation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate by a double displacement bi-bi mechanism involving a Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad and unconventionally employs an arginine residue in formation of an oxyanion hole.
Transcytosis via the late endocytic pathway as a cell morphogenetic mechanism
Authors: Mathew R , Rios-Barrera LD , Machado P , Schwab Y , Leptin M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlasma membranes fulfil many physiological functions. In polarized cells, different membrane compartments take on specialized roles, each being allocated correct amounts of membrane. The Drosophila tracheal system, an established tubulogenesis model, contains branched terminal cells with subcellular tubes formed by apical plasma membrane invagination. We show that apical endocytosis and late endosome-mediated trafficking determine the membrane allocation to the apical and basal membrane domains. Basal plasma membrane growth stops if endocytosis is blocked, whereas the apical membrane grows excessively. Plasma membrane is initially delivered apically, and then continuously endocytosed, together with apical and basal cargo. We describe an organelle carrying markers of late endosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that is abolished by inhibiting endocytosis, and which we suggest acts as transit station for membrane destined to be redistributed both apically and basally. This is based on the observation that disrupting MVB formation prevents growth of both compartments.
Dissecting the nanoscale lipid profile of caveolae
Authors: Zhou Yong , Ariotti Nicholas , Rae James , Liang Hong , Tillu Vikas , Tee Shern , Bastiani Michele , Bademosi Adekunle T. , Collins Brett M. , Meunier Frederic A. , Hancock John F. , Parton Robert G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCaveolae are specialized domains of the vertebrate cell surface with a well-defined morphology and crucial roles in cell migration and mechanoprotection. Unique compositions of proteins and lipids determine membrane architectures. The precise caveolar lipid profile and the roles of the major caveolar structural proteins, caveolins and cavins, in selectively sorting lipids have not been defined. Here we used quantitative nanoscale lipid mapping together with molecular dynamic simulations to define the caveolar lipid profile. We show that caveolin1 (CAV1) and cavin1 individually sort distinct plasma membrane lipids. Intact caveolar structures composed of both CAV1 and cavin1 further generate a unique lipid nano-environment. The caveolar lipid sorting capability includes selectivities for lipid headgroups and acyl chains. Because lipid headgroup metabolism and acyl chain remodelling are tightly regulated, this selective lipid sorting may allow caveolae to act as transit hubs to direct communications among lipid metabolism, vesicular trafficking and signalling.
Crystal structure of strontium thiosulfate monohydrate
Authors: Klein Wilhelm 
Published: January 2020

SrS2O3·H2O was obtained from an aqueous solution of Na2S2O3 and Sr(NO3)2 and crystallizes in space group P\overline{1} with all atoms at general positions. The Sr2+ ion exhibits an [8 + 1] coordination defined by two terminal S and six O atoms of thiosulfate ions, one of the latter at a longer distance, and by one O atom of a water molecule. Two thiosulfate anions act as bidentate, four as monodentate ligands. The structure consists of mainly ionically interacting layers lying parallel to the crystallographic ab plane. The layers are connected by O—H...S and O—H...O hydrogen bonds of moderate strength.
Preparation of complex surface coatings based on electrospark computer integrated deposition system
Authors: Wang X.R. , Wang Z.Q. , Lin T.S. , He P. , Wang R.J. , Bao M.Y. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Electrospark deposition (ESD) attracts special attention from scientists and engineers because of its unique advantages. However, the ESD process has been carried out by hand up to the present. This prevents ESD from preparing complex curve/surface coatings owing to manual operation characteristics. To meet the coating precise preparation requirements for a lot of parts with complex surface from various industrial fields, this paper aims to obtain a new automatic ESD equipment, process and preparation methodology for complex surface coatings.

Design/methodology/approach
By designing a special deposition holder and re-programming programmable machine controller, an ESD power supply and a computer numerical control milling machine are integrated to obtain an electrospark-computer integrated deposition system (ES-CIDS). Then, based on the ES-CIDS, a new ESD process, named electrospark-computer numerical control deposition (ES-CNCD) is developed. Furthermore, complex surface coatings are depicted using non-uniform rational B-spline mathematical model and modeled in a special software developed via MATLAB. Finally, deposition programs for a complex coating are generated using golden section interpolation method, and transferred to and executed by the ES-CIDS to accomplish the preparation of the complex surface coating.

Findings
This paper demonstrates that it is possible and feasible to prepare complex surface coatings via an automatic ESD process (namely, ES-CNCD) precisely.

Research limitations/implications
This paper can make automatic ESD process get more attention from scientific researchers and engineers, and promote the research of the ES-CNCD process/equipment.

Practical implications
The ES-CNCD process can be used in the manufacturing of complex surface coatings, and in the remanufacturing of complex shape parts.

Social implications
The ES-CIDS/ES-CNCD can promote the development of related equipment and technology, and bring opportunities and employment to ESD industry.

Originality/value
This work prepares complex surface coatings precisely for the first time using a new automatic ESD process (ES-CNCD), which has wide application prospects in various industries.
A lean production system design for semiconductor crystal-ingot pulling manufacturing using hybrid Taguchi method and simulation optimization
Authors: Yang Taho , Wen Yuan-Feng , Hsieh Zong-Rui , Zhang Jianxia 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to propose an innovative methodology in solving the lean production design from semiconductor crystal-ingot pulling manufacturing which is an important industry. Due to the complexity of the system, it is computationally prohibited by an analytical approach; thus, simulation optimization is adopted for this study.

Design/methodology/approach
Four control factors that affect the system’s performance, including the pulling strategy, machine limitations, dispatching rules and batch-size control, are identified to generate the future-state value stream mapping. Taguchi two-step procedure and simulation optimization are used to determine the optimal parameter values for a robust system.

Findings
The proposed methodology improved the system performances by 6.42 and 12.02 per cent for service level and throughput, respectively.

Research limitations/implications
This study does not investigate operations management issues such as setup reduction, demand forecasting and layout design.

Practical implications
A real-world crystal-ingot pulling manufacturing factory was used for the case study. The results are promising and are readily applied to other industrial applications.

Social implications
The improved performances, service level and throughout rate, can result in an improved customer satisfaction level and a reduced resources consumption, respectively.

Originality/value
The proposed methodology innovatively solved a practical application and the results are promising.
Operational and relational governances of buyer–supplier exchanges
Authors: Yang Jie , Xie Hongming , Yu Guangsheng , Liu Mingyu , Yang Yingnan 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study examines the operational and relational governances as antecedents of cooperation commitment in buyer–supplier exchanges. It also assesses the impact of cooperation commitment on operational performance.Design/methodology/approachPath analysis was performed on the data collected from manufacturers.FindingsThe results of this study show that both operational and relational governances exert impact on cooperation commitment, which, in turn, is associated with operational performance improvement.Originality/valueFirst, this is the first study employing the reciprocity theory to theorize the conceptual framework of the governance antecedents of cooperation commitment and operations excellence effect. Second, the study highlights how the research framework can enrich the reciprocity theory in exploring the mechanisms of the operational and relational governances of buyer–supplier exchanges and their impact on the commitment to the cooperation. Third, this study extends the reciprocity theory to examine in detail how cooperation commitment exerts impact on the operational performance.
Controlling superprojects – information management requirements
Authors: Parnell Brett , Stone Merlin , Aravopoulou Eleni 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the problems of managing superprojects and identifies how a different approach to controlling them can reduce the incidence of cost and time overruns and benefit shortfalls.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review accompanied by conceptual analysis.FindingsProject cost and timing overruns and benefit shortfalls are very frequent in superprojects. These problems can be ascribed partly to the way in which they are planned is not taken into account in designing and implementing control systems, particularly the governance processes and the information they have available.Practical implicationsThis paper has serious implications for those designing control processes, governance and information management for superprojects. It suggests that if a new approach is taken, fewer superprojects will suffer from cost overruns and benefit shortfalls because remedial actions will be taken earlier for projects, which are experiencing problems, while learning will be fed back to those planning new projects.Social implicationsThere will be saving of public money and reduced deferment of benefits that normally result from failed or delayed projects and reduced allocation of large incremental budgets dedicated to resolving problems.Originality/valueThe taxonomy of different types of superprojects is original, as is the idea of ambidextrous control, and the diagnosis of failure reasons lying in the nature of control and governance processes, and the lack of relevant information available during the control process.
Types of director, board diversity and firm performance
Authors: Fernández-Temprano Miguel A. , Tejerina-Gaite Fernando 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of board diversity on firm performance.Design/methodology/approachFrom different theories perspective and based on data collected about the composition of board of directors in Spanish non-financial firms, the paper determines statistically the relationship between board diversity and performance for the period 2005-2015.FindingsThe results reveal differences between inside and outside board members in terms of the performance impact of board diversity. Thus, while age diversity has a positive effect on firm performance in both, insider and outsider directors, nationality mix is associated with higher performance levels just in the case of insiders. In addition, educational diversity seems to have a negative effect on performance for supervisory directors. On the contrary, the authors do not find any evidence about a possible influence of gender diversity on performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors are just taking some board’s attributes, but the concept of board diversity is a very wide one. In this regard, less traditional methodologies that do not rely on extant archival databases may be necessary to get a deeper understanding of the impact of boards on firm’s performance.Practical implicationsThis study demonstrates that the claim of “one size fits all” often implicitly stated by regulators and advisors is misleading. Board’s attributes analysis over the boardroom as a whole turns out in too simplistic conclusions. This is particularly important for regulators: a rigorous analysis should be performed before including general recommendations about, for instance, the age or the board tenure in corporate governance codes.Social implicationsAs diverse boards contribute to a greater social value, the paper analyses the performance consequences of demographic diversity.Originality/valueThe paper analyses the firm performance impact of diversity among insider directors, on the one hand, and outsider directors, on the other. Although there is a clear difference between the roles assigned to insider and outsider directors, to the authors’ knowledge, there has been no analysis of the firm performance effect of the diversity of each type of director using the same sample and methodology.
Comparison of simplified techniques for solving selected coupled electroheat problems
Authors: Pánek David , Karban Pavel , Orosz Tamás , Doležel Ivo 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare different reduced-order models for models of control of induction brazing process. In the presented application, the problem is to reconstruct temperature at the points of interests (hot spots) from information measured at accessible places.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper describes the process of induction brazing. It presents the full field model and evaluates the possibilities for obtaining reduced models for temperature estimation. The primary attention is paid to the model based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD).

Findings
The paper shows that for the given application, it is possible to find low-order estimator. In the examined linear case, the best estimator was created using POD reduced model together with the linear Kalman filter.

Research limitations/implications
The authors are aware of two main limitations of the presented study: material properties are considered linear, which is not a completely realistic assumption. However, if strong coupling and nonlinear material parameters are considered, the model becomes unsolvable. The process and measurement uncertainties are not considered.

Originality/value
The paper deals with POD of multi-physics 3 D application of induction brazing. The paper compares 11 different methods for temperature estimator design.