bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiprotozoal Drugs Handling and Management Practices in Asella District, Central Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Tilahun Ashenafi , Endashaw Dereje Begashaw , Fesseha Haben 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Protozoal infections such as Dourine caused by trypanosomes are found to be a threat to the life and productivity of the equine population. Inappropriate drug use is a problem of the whole world; however, the degree of the problem is higher in developing countries like Ethiopia. Data on handling and management practices of antiprotozoal drugs are not in place, thus; we estimate the handling and management practice via a simple cross-sectional study design in randomly selected veterinary clinics, and private pharmacies in and around Asella Oromia, central EthiopiaResults: The preliminary survey comprising 70 animal health professionals and animal owners was undertaken through observation, interview using a structured questionnaire, and discussion with key informants to evaluate their handling and management practices of antiprotozoal drugs. According to the finding of this preliminary survey, inadequate antiprotozoal drug distribution and only a few drugs namely; Diminazine diacetate, Amprolium, and sulfa drugs were available with different trade names being imported from different manufacturing countries. Among the current available antiprotozoal drugs circulating in the area, those manufactured and imported from China were highly distributed in the majority of veterinary drug shops. The assessment showed that there was a gap in achieving the required knowledge and practice of proper handling and management issues in the professionals and awareness problems in the community. The study indicated that there were inappropriate transportation and storage practices. Moreover, selling drugs without prescription, ignoring farmers without properly informing the drug withdrawal period and administration of drugs by nonprofessionals were the other most critical and unethical practices in the area. It is emphasized that this inappropriate handling and management practice, scarcity of antiprotozoal drugs, easy accessibility, and distribution by nonprofessionals could potentially affect the quality, safety, and effectiveness of antiprotozoal drugs which may lead to drug resistance development. Conclusion: Hence, continuous awareness creation in the community, capacity building, training, and upgrading programs to the professionals as well as strict enforcement of drug control and administration regulation of the country is essential in the overall effort of improving animal health and productivity through the control of protozoan diseases in and around Asella.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Endometrium Stromal Cells During Early Embryo Implantation (Within 48 Hour) in Vitro
Authors: Han Shuo , Liu Minghui , Liu Shan , Li Yuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSuccessful embryo implantation is an essential prerequisite for pregnancy. Previous studies have shown that DNA methylation, histone, chromatin structure, and non-coding RNAs, microRNAs may participate in the regulation of gene expression during embryo implantation. However, the transcriptome changes of human endometrial stromal cells during early embryo implantation are not well characterized. MethodsWe cultured human endometrial stromal cells and simulated the process of embryo implantation in vitro. We further analyzed the endometrial transcriptome patterns of endometrial stromal cells in the pre-implantation and post-implantation phase. We identified comprehensive transcriptomic profile of two endometrium stromal cells in particular developmental stage that may reflect the potential mechanism of embryo implantation. ResultsA total of 592 differentially expressed genes were identified after embryo implantation. Additionally, we identified key pathways (including TP53 and EGF signal pathway) that may regulate embryo-endometrium interactions; our findings may serve as a foundation for targeted studies on endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation loss. ConclusionOur work showed the transcriptome changes of endometrial stromal cells within 48 hours after implantation which provides key insights into the crucial features of transcriptional regulation in the stepwise embryo development.
The Rebound of Early Post‐operative Plasma dd-cfDNA in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single‐center Study
Authors: Wen Jingyu , Quan Qingming , Wang Xiaoxiao , Sun Ping , He Jiayang , Zhong Shan , Ran Qing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: It has been reported that donor derived cell-free DNA(dd-cfDNA) accounts for less than 1.2% of total cell free DNA in stable kidney allograft recipients, and dd-cfDNA may be a non-invasive biomarker of acute rejection. However, the kinetics of plasma dd-cfDNA level is still unclear, which hinders the further application of dd-cfDNA in kidney transplantation (KTx). The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between plasma dd-cfDNA and delayed graft function(DGF） and pulmonary infection after KTx, and to explore the diagnostic value of dd-cfDNA in DGF. In addition, we tried to find out the factors related to the rebound of dd-cfDNA level.Methods: A total of 183 kidney transplant recipients were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples (10ml) were collected on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day after KTx, and 546 plasma samples were collected. Droplet digital PCR (DDPCR) was used to detect the level of dd-cfDNA(%) and Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze the relationship between dd-cfDNA level and DGF and pulmonary infection. Logistic binary regression analysis was used to analyze the clinical factors related to the increase of dd-cfDNA.Results: There was no significant difference between DGF group and non-DGF group of dd-cfDNA level (P > 0.05). The mean value of dd-cfDNA on day 1 (6.97%) was significantly higher than that on day 7 (1.17%), day 14 (1.09%) and day 21 (1.18%). Logistic binary regression analysis was performed for dd-cfDNA level rebound group and non-rebound group. Pulmonary infection (OR = 2.11, P = 0.028) and DGF (OR = 1.37, P = 0.42) were significantly correlated with rebound of dd-cfDNA. At the same time, on the 1st, 7th and 14th day after KTx, the levels of dd-cfDNA in pulmonary infection group was significantly higher than non-infection group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Our results indicate that dd-cfDNA (%) can’t be used as a biomarker for predicting DGF. The rebound of plasma dd-cfDNA (%) level was significantly correlated with the presence of pulmonary infection. However, further confirmatory studies are necessary.
Leflunomide Plus Low-dose Prednisone in Patients with Progressive IgA Nephropathy: A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Open-labelled and Controlled Trial
Authors: Ni Zhaohui , Zhang Zhen , Yu Zanzhe , Lu Fuming , Mei Changlin , Ding Xiaoqiang , Yuan Weijie , Zhang Wei , Jiang Gengru , Sun Min , He Liqun , Deng Yueyi , Pang Huihua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of Leflunomide (LEF) plus low-dose prednisone for the treatment of progressive IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods: We did a prospective, randomized, open-labelled, multicenter, controlled trial, comprised of 3-month run-in, 12-month treatment and 12-month follow-up phases. After 3-month run-in phase, patients with biopsy-confirmed IgAN at a risk of progression were randomly allocated to LEF plus low-dose prednisone (LEF group) or conventionally accepted-dose prednisone (prednisone group). Our primary outcome was 24h urine protein excretion(UPE) and secondary outcomes were serum albumin(sALB), serum creatinine(Scr), and eGFR. Safety was evaluated in all patients who received the trial medications. Results:108 patients (59 in LEF group, 49 in prednisone group) were enrolled and finished their treatment and follow-up periods. The difference in baseline data between the two groups was comparable. Compared with baseline, both groups showed significant decrease in 24h UPE(p<0.01) and increase in sALB (p<0.01), with stable Scr and eGFR throughout the 12-month treatment period. What’s more, these effects sustained through the 12-month follow-up period. However, there was no difference in 24h UPE, sALB, Scr and eGFR between the two groups (P>0.05). At 12 months, difference of overall response rate, relapsing rate and incidence of adverse events between the two groups was not significant. Conclusions: The efficacy and safety of LEF plus low-dose prednisone and conventionally accepted-dose prednisone in treatment of progressive IgAN are comparable. Trial registration: The trial is registered at isrctn.org with the ISRCTN97636235 on July 28, 2006.
Chest Computed Tomography for SARS-CoV-2 Screening before Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ortiz-Gomez Elias , Guerrero-Gutierrez Manuel Alberto , Cardoso Almino Ramos , Ruiz-Cota Patricia , Escarraman--Martinez Diego , Rios Cynthia , Hernandez-Barrozo Maria , Nieto Orlando Ruben Perez 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Given that obesity is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in COVID-19, bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has become increasingly critical. Computed tomography (chest CT scan) may be a valuable preoperative screening method for BMS candidates during this COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A prospective, single-center study was conducted in June 2020. Two study cohorts were evaluated: a surgical team group and a BMS patient group. Screening was performed with RT-PCR and a CT scan. The COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) assessment was used as mandatory COVID-19 screening. Patients classified as category 1 and 2 were considered safe to undergo BMS; category ≥3 surgery was canceled. The BMS patient group was monitored for 28 days after surgery for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, postoperative complications, adverse effects, and deaths were tracked.Results: The study included 240 participants, comprising the surgical team group (n = 6) and the BMS patient group (n = 234). In total, 213 were female (88.8%), the median age was 40 years, and the median weight and BMI were 111.1 kg and 40.23 kg/m2 respectively. Only CO-RADS category 1 was reported in the surgical team group, while in the BMS patient group, category 1 was reported in 231 participants (98.7%). In the BMS patient group, during the follow-up period, only two participants (0.83%) tested positive for COVID-19 (RT-PCR). No deaths were reported. Conclusion: Chest CT scans are useful for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in patients undergoing BMS, therefore enable healthcare and surgical teams to perform surgeries safely during this COVID-19 pandemic.
Negative Piezoresistive Effect in a Stretchable Device Based on a Soft Tunneling Barrier
Authors: Chae Soosang , Fotev Ivan , Bittrich Eva , Choi Won Jin , Uhlmann Petra , Schubert Mathias , Pashkin Alexej , Fery Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Piezoresistive soft composite materials are widely used in strain sensing and typically exhibit a decrease in conductivity upon elongation—the so-called positive gauge effect. We demonstrate a thin-film architecture that features the inverse behavior: a strain-induced transition from insulating to metallic conductivity, spanning nine orders of magnitude in conductivity. Our approach is based on a nanometer-scale sandwiched bilayer Au thin film with a polydimethylsiloxane elastomeric barrier layer. Upon application of strain, the thickness of the thin soft barrier decreases because of the strain governed by the Poisson effect, followed by electron-tunneling currents through the barrier, forming an interconnected bilayer metal electrode. An extremely high on–off electrical conductivity ratio (~ 109) is observed over a wide range of working strains (as high as 130%), which mimics the ideal features of a mechanical-force-controlled electric transistor. This conceptual design strategy is expected to benefit a wide range of applications in which operation under minimal standby power could be an essential feature, such as in implantable soft strain sensors and in prosthetic long-term monitoring systems for detecting sudden a swelling/volume expansion of human body organs or blood vessels, thereby helping to avoid acute and severe syndromes.
A Validation on COVID19 Community Spreading: Probabilistic Approach&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: DATTA JAYDIP 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study ( 1,2 ) is to validate the viral load alternatively in terms of density function(3). The re-combination of specific mutants leading to spreading of infection denser. The denser is the viral load ( 1,2) the infectivity will be more probable or susceptible . This viral density ultimately tends to community spreading of that specific mutants and proportional to mortality rate ( 6) .Finally the probability density( 3,5 ) is validated to quantify – a chaotic spreading of Covid19 Virus ( 9 ) leads to community spreading ( 10 ).
Sensitive mass spectrometric determination of kinin-kallikrein system peptides in light of COVID-19
Authors: Gangnus Tanja , Burckhardt Bjoern B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has raised interest in the kinin–kallikrein system, as symptoms were postulated to be in connection. Viral blockade of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 impedes degradation of the active kinin des-Arg(9)-bradykinin, which thus increasingly activates bradykinin receptors known to promote inflammation, cough, and edema – symptoms that are commonly observed in COVID-19. However, lean and reliable investigation of the postulated alterations is currently hindered by non-specific peptide adsorption, lacking sensitivity, and cross-reactivity of applicable assays. Here, an LC-MS/MS method was established to determine the following kinins in respiratory lavage fluids: kallidin, bradykinin, des-Arg(10)-kallidin, des-Arg(9)-bradykinin, bradykinin 1-7, bradykinin 2-9 and bradykinin 1-5. This method was fully validated according to regulatory bioanalytical guidelines of the European Medicine Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration and has a broad calibration curve range (up to a factor of 103), encompassing low quantification limits of 4.4–22.8 pg/mL (depending on the individual kinin). The application of the developed LC-MS/MS method to nasal lavage fluid allowed for the rapid (~2 hours), comprehensive and low-volume (100 µL) determination of kinins for the first time. Hence, this novel assay supports current efforts to investigate the pathophysiology of COVID-19, but can also be extended to other diseases.
The Effectiveness of Mental Simulation Training on Educational Performance and Creativity of the Architecture Students in Therapeutic Spaces Design
Authors: Sadeghi Marjan , Kolvir Hojjatolah Rashid , Atadokht Akbar , Akbari Hasan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of teaching mental simulation strategies on academic performance and creativity of architecture students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University of Ardabil in the design of health clinics lesson. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with both trial and control groups. The statistical population was composed of all seven semester students who were studying architecture in Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the first semester of the academic year 1396-1397 that they were divided into two groups (each group was 15) that were randomly selected as the trial group and the control group. Tools used in this research were a questionnaire of academic performance, which was adapted from the Performance Measurement Questionnaire (EPT) Pham and Taylor, and Creativity Questionnaire, adapted from the Schaeffer Questionnaire for creativity assessment. Mental simulation trainings were presented for 5 sessions of 3 hours for the trial group. The control group did not receive any training. To analyze data we used ANCOVA covariance from inferential statistics to test the research hypotheses. Findings indicated that training mental simulation strategies improved the academic performance of students under the motivating factor (p <0.05), and on students' creativity have a significant effect under the factor of feeling of fantasy, so simulation strategies can be used to improve architecture students' academic performance and promote their creativity.
Beliefs and practices among primary care physicians during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Baden-Wuerttemberg (Germany): an observational study&nbsp;
Authors: Roth Catharina , Breckner Amanda , Moellinger Sophia , Schwill Simon , Peters-Klimm Frank , Szecsenyi Joachim , Stengel Sandra , Wensing Michel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic various ambulatory health care models (SARS-CoV-2 contact points) were organised in a short period in Baden-Wuerttemberg, a region in Southern Germany. The aim of these SARS-CoV-2 contact points was to ensure medical treatment for patients with (suspected) and without SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study aimed to assess the beliefs and practices of primary care physicians who either led a SARS-CoV-2 contact point or a primary care practice in Baden-Wuerttemberg during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods This cross-sectional study was based on a paper-based questionnaire in primary care physicians during the first wave of the pandemic. Participants were identified via the web page of the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians Baden-Wuerttemberg. The questionnaire was distributed between June and July 2020. It measured knowledge, practices, self-efficacy and fears towards SARS-CoV-2, using newly developed questions. Data was descriptively analysed.Results 155 participants (92 leads of SARS-CoV-2 contact points/ 63 leads of primary care practices) completed the questionnaire. About half participants of both groups did not fear an own infection with the novel virus (between 50.8% and 65.2%), however about 75 % feared financial loss. Knowledge was gained using various sources; main sources were the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (between 79.3% and 82.5%) and the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology (RKI) (between 88.9% and 94.6%). SARS-CoV-2 contact points treated on average more patients with (suspected) COVID-19 (mean 431.59) than primary care practices (mean 83.8) (p<0.001). Leads of SARS-CoV-2 contact point felt more confident to perform anamnestic/diagnostic procedures (p<0.001). The same was found for the confidence level regarding decision-making concerning the further treatment (p<0.001). Several prevention measures to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 were adopted.Conclusion Although primary care physicians rose to the challenges of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic addressing their fears is essential. Next to adequate remuneration for COVID-19 care, support in the clinical and administrative management as well as a robust organisation of care are key issues to prevent exhaustion in the challenge of a prolonged response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Trial registration The study has been prospectively registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00022224).
Guardians of Care Humanization during the Pandemic: Child Neuropsychiatry Residents’ Experience as Volunteers in Italian COVID-19-Designated Hospitals
Authors: Provenzi Livio , Parravicini Stefano , Barello Serena , Nania Tiziana , Grumi Serena , Rinaldi Elisa , Orcesi Simona , Borgatti Renato 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective. During the first months of 2020, the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread as an unprecedented pandemic. With the increasing number of hospitalizations, the resources of medical and nursing personnel needed for the direct and indirect care of patients were soon inadequate. Consistently, medical volunteers became a key human resource and young medical residents in any specialty were hired on a voluntary basis to contribute to take care of patients with COVID-19. This study reports on the lived experience of residents in child neuropsychiatry who volunteered in Italian hotspot COVID-19-designated hospitals during the epidemic outbreak.Methods. A phenomenological, qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions was used to obtain in-depth narratives of the experience of residents in child neuropsychiatry volunteering in the Italian hotspot COVID-19-designated hospitals. All residents (n=8) participated in the study. Interviews were conducted by an expert researcher trained in qualitative methods. Data analysis was performed by independent coders.Results. Five core themes were identified: Playing as a two-fold mediator, Facing the shock of COVID-19 reality, Capitalizing from the own specialty education, Growing as persons and professionals, and Humanizing medical care.Conclusions. This study is unique in providing an in-depth understanding of the experience of young residents in child neuropsychiatry volunteering in general hospitals during an unprecedented epidemic in Northern Italy. The findings suggest that this experience may be highly beneficial for both the residents and the hospital quality of care. Insights for accurate planning of residents’ engagement in future healthcare emergencies are provided.
Genetic Analysis of Gitelman Syndrome: Co-existence with Hyperthyroidism in a Two-year-old Boy
Authors: Yu Shufeng , Wang Caixia 
Published: October 2020

Case Presentation:
A two-year-old boy visited the doctor for hypokalemia and metabolic
alkalosis. Laboratory examination revealed that urinary potassium excretion and serum aldosterone
level were increased, with hyperthyroidism and thyroid-related antibodies positive at the same
time. Genetic testing showed that there was a complex heterozygous mutation in the SLC12A3
gene, c.1077C>G (p.N359K) and c.1567G>A (p.A523?); the final diagnosis was Gitelman syndrome
and autoimmune hyperthyroidism.

Background:
Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by the inactivation
of mutation of the SLC12A3 gene. The onset age is more than 6 years old; it is mainly manifested
as low blood potassium, low blood sodium, low blood chlorine, metabolic alkalosis, increased
urine potassium and urine chlorine excretion, and low urine calcium. Autoimmune hyperthyroidism
manifests due to autoimmune disorders. The highest incidence rate in children is of
Graves' disease, followed by chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

Conclusion:
Inhibition of Heme Polymerization Invitro Assay Of Extract of Sirih Leaf (Piper betle Linn.) and Sun Flower Leaves (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Tjitraresmi Ami , Moektiwardoyo Moelyono , Susilawati Yasmiwar 
Published: October 2020

Malaria is a disease that occurs in tropical countries like Indonesia. The incidence of malaria in the world is still quite high and the occurrence of cases of Plasmodium resistance to antimalarial drugs and the widespread of resistance have prompted researchers to look for new antimalarial drugs, especially from natural materials. Betel leaf (Piper betle Linn.) And sunflower leaf (Helianthus annuus L.) have long been used by the people of Indonesia as an antimalarial drug. The purpose of this study was to determine antimalarial activity through inhibition of heme polymerization and determine secondary metabolite compounds by phytochemical screening from betel leaves and sunflower leaves. The heme polymerization inhibition activity assay was carried out by the in-vitro method using a microplate reader at 415 nm and 630 nm wavelengths. IC50 values of betel leaf extract and sunflower leaf were 178.67 μg/ml and 160.10 μg/ml, respectively. Phytochemical screening results from betel leaf showed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, quinones, saponins, and monoterpenoids-sesquiterpenoids, while sunflower leaves contain alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids and monoterpenoids-sesquiterpenoids.Keywords: Piper betle Linn., Helianthus annuus L., Malaria, Heme Polymerization