bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK DENGAN KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN GASTROPODA PADA KAWASAN WISATA MANGROVE DESA BEDONO DEMAK Relation of Organic Matters to the Abundance and Diversity of Gastropods in the Mangrove Tourism Areas of Bedono, Demak
Authors: Prasetia Muhammad Nur , Supriharyono Supriharyono , Purwanti Frida 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK Wilayah pesisir Bedono sebagai kawasan hutan bakau yang terletak di utara Kabupaten Demak telah dikelola dan dijadikan kawasan wisata sehingga secara tidak langsung akan berdampak terhadap fungsi ekologis mangrove. Banyak organisme hidup yang berasosiasi dengan mangrove salah satunya adalah Gastropoda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis Gastropoda, kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman Gastropoda serta mengetahui hubungan antara kandungan bahan organik dengan kelimpahan Gastropoda. Pengambilan sampel Gastropoda dan sedimen dengan metode kuadran transek yaitu 1 x 1m di 3 stasiun. Hasil penelitian didapatkan terdiri dari 5 genera Gastropoda yaitu Cassidula sp, Cerithidae sp, Littorina sp, Telescopium sp, dan Terebralia sp. Kelimpahan Gastropoda berkisar antara 94 – 248 ind/3m2. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman sebesar 1,08 - 1,27. Nilai indeks keseragaman sebesar 0,67 – 0,94 dan indeks dominasi sebesar 0,23 – 0,39. Berdasarkan nilai uji regresi sederhana dimana nilai koefisien korelasi berkisar 0,7 < r ≤ 1,0 menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan gastropoda memiliki hubungan yang kuat dan memiliki korelasi dengan kandungan bahan organik dalam sedimen. ABSTRACT Bedono coastal as an area mangrove forest located at the northen Demak Regency has been managed and used as a tourism area. Many living organisms associated to mangrove, mainly Gastropods. Purpose the research a to investigate type of Gastropods, abundance and diversity of Gastropods and relationship of organic matters to Gastropods abundance. Samples of Gastropods and sediments were collected using 1x1m transect quadrant methods in 3 different stations. Results of research obtained 5 genera of Gastropods that is Cassidula sp, Cerithidae sp, Littorina sp, Telescopium sp, dan Terebralia sp. Abundance of Gastropods between 94 – 248 ind/3m2. Result of diversity index was 1,08 – 1,27. Uniformity index between 0,67 – 0,94 and domination index was 0,23 – 0,39. Based on simple regression test the value of a correlation range 0,7 < r ≤ 1,0. It was showed that gastropods abundance have a close relationship and a correlation with organic matters in sediments.
HUBUNGAN NITRAT DAN FOSFAT DENGAN KLOROFIL-A DI WADUK JATIBARANG Relations Nitrate and Phosphate with Chlorophyll in Jatibarang Reservoir
Authors: Fajrin Alifia Nirwana , Ain Churun , Purnomo Pujiono Wahyu 
Published: September 2020

Salah satu hal penting perairan untuk peruntukan aspek perikanan yaitu dengan melakukan pengukuran klorofil-a. Klorofil-a yang dipengaruhi oleh unsur hara (N,P) menjadi elemen penting berlangsungnya proses fotosintesis. Tujuan penelitian yakni mengetahui hubungan nitrat dan fosfat terhadap klorofil-a. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Analisis Deskriptif dan Kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Purpossive sampling. Pengambilan air sampel diambil pada area inlet, center, dan outlet Waduk Jatibarang. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda yang dilakukan dengan bantuan Software SPSS 16. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tujuh stasiun dan tiga titik kedalaman berbeda dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 kali, pagi dan siang selama satu hari. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan r sebesar 0,297 yang artinya tingkat keterikatan hubungan nitrat dan fosfat terhadap klorofil-a termasuk kategori sangat rendah. Nitrat dan fosfat memiliki pengaruh sebesar 0,8 % terhadap klorofil-a, sedangkan sisanya tidak berpengaruh. One of the important things in the waters ecosystem is measuring the chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll-a which transferred nutrients (N,P) becomes an important element in the process of photosynthesis. The research objective is to find out the relations of nitrate and phosphate on chlorophyll-a. The research method used in the study is descriptive and quantitative analysis method. Sampling used the Purpossive sampling method. Sampling was taken in the inlet, center and outlet area of the Jatibarang Reservoir. Was analysis used multiple linear regression tests were carried out with the help of SPSS 16. The sampling was carried out at seven stations and three different depth points were carried out in 2 times, namely in the morning and in the afternoon for one day. Study results, found that r of 0,0297 which means the level of relations nitrate and phosphate to chlorophyll-a is very low. Nitrate and phosphate affect of 0.8% on the presence of chlorophyll-a, while the rest not affect.
Analisis Beban Pencemaran Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat dan Sungai Silandak, Semarang Analysis of Pollution Load in Banjir Kanal Barat and Silandak river, Semarang
Authors: Purba Raymond Doresmas , Haeruddin Haeruddin , Rudiyanti Siti 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAKSungai Banjir Kanal Barat dan Silandak merupakan sungai besar yang berada di Kota Semarang yang padat penduduk. Berbagai aktivitas terdapat di sepanjang aliran sungai tersebut, diantaranya aktivitas domestik dan industri yang membuang limbah ke dalam badan sungai sehingga menyebabkan penurunan kualitas perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beban pencemaran Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat dan Silandak berdasarkan baku mutu PP Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 kelas II, serta mengetahui status pencemaran air Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat dan Silandak berdasarkan Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-November 2018. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan 5 stasiun sampling 2 kali ulangan. Variabel kualitas air yang dianalisis yaitu TSS, nitrat, fosfat, Pb dan Cd, DO. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian 6 variabel tersebut rata-rata sudah melampaui baku mutu. Hasil perhitungan beban pencemaran ditinjau dari satu variabel yang memiliki sumber pencemar tertinggi yaitu TSS Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat yaitu 11425,540 kg/hari dan Sungai Silandak yaitu 8104,32 kg/hari. Hasil perhitungan (IKA) menunjukkan Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat termasuk tercemar ringan dan sedang, Sungai Silandak termasuk tercemar ringan. ABSTRACT Banjir Kanal Barat and Silandak are two large rivers wich located in Semarang with a dense population. There are several activities along the riverside, such as domestic and industrial activities that that the wastes were thrown to the stream and caused water quality decreased. Aims of this research are to know the population load in Banjir Kanal Barat and Silandak river based on the quality standard of PP No. 82/2001 Class II and to determine water pollution status of Banjir Kanal Barat and Silandak river using Water Quality Index (WQI). This research conducted in October to November 2018. Sampels are taken from five stations with twice repetition. Variabels taken for this research are TSS, nitrate, phosphate, Pb, Cd and DO. The averagere result of six variabels show that all variabels are Pollution load calculated based on TSS. In Banjir Kanal Barat it’s 11425.540 kg/day while in Silandak it’s 8104.32 kg/day. The result of that Banjir Kanal Barat river classified as low to medium polluted and Silandak river classified as low polluted
Analisis Kandungan Bahan Organik, Nitrat dan Fosfat pada Sedimen Mangrove Jenis Avicennia dan Rhizophora di Desa Tapak Tugurejo, Semarang The Analysis of Organic Content, Nitrate, Phosphate in the Sediment of Mangrove Rhizophora dan Avicennia at Tapak Village, Tugurejo Semarang
Authors: Citra Lalik Salistia , Supriharyono Supriharyono , Suryanti Suryanti 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAKKawasan Tugu merupakan kawasan pesisir yang ditanami mangrove yang bermanfaat untuk menanggulangi dampak abrasi dan memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi, sehingga perlu untuk dikaji kandungan nutriennya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji perbedaan kandungan nutrien pada sedimen antar stasiun dan antar tegakan Avicennia dan Rhizophora. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan November 2019 di Desa Tapak Tugurejo, Semarang dengan menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan pada empat stasiun pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kandungan bahan organik pada tegakan Avicennia dan Rhizophora di keempat stasiun berturut-turut adalah 10,67% dan 13,21%. Rata-rata kandungan nitrat pada tegakan Avicennia dan Rhizophora di keempat stasiun berturut-turut adalah 5,42 mg/100 g dan 5,6 mg/100 g. Rata-rata kandungan fosfat pada tegakan Avicennia dan Rhizophora di keempat stasiun berturut-turut adalah 1,16 mg/100 g dan 1,74 mg/100 g. Berdasarkan analisis kandungan bahan organik, nitrat dan fosfat antar tegakan mangrove tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05), artinya kandungan nutrien tidak dipengaruhi oleh jenis mangrove Avicennia ataupun Rhizophora. ABSTRACTTugu area is a coastal area planted by mangroves that is useful to overcome the impacf of abration and has high primary productivity so it needs to be reviewed. This study aims to examine the differences of nutrient content in sediments between stations and between Avicennia and Rhizophora grounds. The study was conducted in November 2019 at Tapak Tugurejo Village, Semarang using a purposive random sampling method. Sediment sampling at four observation stations with the specified point, namely Avicennia and Rhizophora. The results showed the average organic matter content in Avicennia and Rhizophora stands at the four stations are 10,67% and 13,21% respectively. The average nitrate content in Avicennia and Rhizophora grounds in the four stations are 5,42 mg/100 g and 5,6 mg/100 g respectively. The average phosphate content in Avicennia and Rhizophora grounds in the four stations are 1,16 mg/100 g and 1,74 mg/100 g respectively. Based on result of the analysis organic matter content, nitrate and phosphate between mangrove stands was not significantly different (P>0,05). It means that the nutrient content was not influenced by the types of Avicennia or Rhizophora mangroves.
Peirce on Symbols
Authors: Bellucci Francesco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The goal of this paper is a reassessment of Peirce’s doctrine of symbol. The paper discusses a common reading of Peirce’s doctrine, according to which all and only symbols are conventional signs. Against this reading, it is argued that neither are all Peircean symbols conventional, nor are all conventional signs Peircean symbols. Rather, a Peircean symbol is a general sign, i. e., a sign that represents a general object.
Microwave heating effect on total phenolics and antioxidant activity of green and mature coconut water
Authors: Arzeta-Ríos Abraham Jesús , Guerra-Ramírez Diana , Reyes-Trejo Benito , Ybarra-Moncada Ma. Carmen , Zuleta-Prada Holber 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) from fruits of two ripening stages (green and mature) was used to perform microwave heat treatments. Three different heating conditions with maximum temperatures of 70, 80 and 90 °C were tested in three holding times (0, 2 and 4 min). The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and ABTS radical scavenging capacity were evaluated for each combination of coconut fruit age, heating temperature and holding time. It was observed that green coconut water exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to mature coconuts in terms of TPC (46.03 and 69.16 mg GAE/L, respectively) and ABTS radical scavenging capacity (422.31 and 549.1 μmol TE/L, respectively). An increase in TPC (up to 23%) and antioxidant activity (up to 19%) was also observed with increasing temperature in the range of 70–90 °C. Green coconut water showed the largest increase in both TPC and antioxidant activity.
The Effect of Compression Ratio by Different Piston Head Shape on the Performance of Motorcycle Engine
Authors: Katijan A. , Kamardin A. H. 
Published: September 2020

The compression ratio has a significant impact on engine power, fuel economy, emission, and other performances of internal combustion engines. Basic engine theory states that a higher compression ratio produces higher torque and horsepower. One way of having different compression ratio is by changing piston head shape. A piston is a cylindrical engine component that slides back and forth in the cylinder bore via forces produced during the combustion process. The piston acts as a movable end of the combustion chamber transmitting power generated from the burning of fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber. The objective of this study is to compare the engine performance in horsepower and torque produced by the different shapes of the piston head in an internal combustion engine. Three pistons with different head shapes - standard, mug (low compression) and dome (high compression) with a compression ratio of 8.8:1, 7.61:1 and 10.06:1 were selected for the study. An experiment was also performed to a standard piston installed with 1.5 mm gasket, which has a compression ratio of 7.31. The experiments were carried out using a standard internal combustion engine of a Honda EX5 motorcycle. The engine runs on a chassis dynamometer to measure its torque and horsepower. Piston performance was evaluated based on the maximum available torque and horsepower. The result shows that all three pistons produce different torque and horsepower. The domed piston head produces higher torque and horsepower followed by the standard and mug. By just changing the piston head shape, torque and horsepower increased up to 7.14% and 20.05% respectively.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Teks Eksposisi Berbasis Tunjuk Ajar Melayu
Authors: Mukhlis Muhammad , Asnawi Asnawi , Rasdana Oki 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pembelajaran melalui kearifan lokal dalam bahan ajar dengan harapan guru di daerah mengetahui dan memahami bahwa daerahnya memiliki nilai-nilai kehidupan yang bisa dimuat dalam pembelajaran di sekolah. Siswa pun mengetahui sebagai putra-putri daerah yang akan mewarisi segala nilai tersebut sebagai bentuk pewarisan budaya agar tidak menjadi sebatas cerita nantinya. Metode yang digunakan Research and Development model Hanafin dan Peck. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan teknik analisis deskripsi. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa bahan ajar dengan muatan tunjuk ajar Melayu yang layak digunakan dengan nilai rata-rata 4,29 dan 85,71% dari ahli materi serta nilai rata-rata 4,00 dan 80,00% dari ahli media. Dengan demikian didapatkan bahwa bahan ajar layak untuk digunakan dengan kategori baik sekali.
This study aims to provide learning through local wisdom in teaching materials with the hope that teachers in the area know and understand that their area has life values â€‹â€‹that can be contained in learning in schools. Students also know as the sons and daughters of the region who will inherit all these values â€‹â€‹as a form of cultural inheritance so that they do not become limited to the story later. The method used by the Research and Development model is Hanafin and Peck. Data collection techniques using observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the description analysis technique. The results of this study are in the form of teaching materials with a proper teaching point of Malay use with an average value of 4.29 and 85.71% from material experts and an average value of 4.00 and 80.00% from media experts. Thus it was found that teaching materials are suitable for use with excellent categories.
Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals novel susceptibility loci for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
Authors: Hoi-Yee Li Gloria , Cheung Ching-Lung , Zhao Shuang-Xia , Song Huai-dong , Wai-Chee Kung Annie 
Published: September 2020

Objective
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare and potentially fatal complication of hyperthyroidism. By meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies, we aim to discover novel susceptibility loci and understand the pathogenesis of TPP.

Methods
This meta-analysis comprised 319 TPP cases and 3516 healthy controls from three independent cohorts (two from Hong Kong; one from Shanghai). Genetic variants in each cohort were separately genotyped, imputed and analyzed for association with TPP. Fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to combine the data. Using the three independent genome-wide significant variants, a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) was developed.

Results
Of 7 077 246 variants tested for association with TPP, 260 variants reached genome-wide significance and were represented by independent variants from four distinct genomic loci, but a risk locus for Graves’ disease at 6p21.33–p21.22 was excluded from subsequent analyses. Two novel loci near TRIM2 (4q31.3; rs6827197: OR = 4.075; P = 3.46 × 10−9) and AC140912.1 (16q22.3; rs6420387: OR = 1.861; P = 2.66 × 10−8) were identified. Together with previously reported KCNJ2 (17q24.3; rs312743: OR = 2.564; P = 1.15 × 10−21), the three susceptibility variants explained 4.36% of the genetic liability. Expression quantitative trait loci analyses showed the variants altered expression of TRIM2 in nerve and KCNJ2 in skeletal muscle. The weighted GRS had an area under curve of 0.827 and 0.682 in the derivation and validation cohorts in Hong Kong.

Conclusions
We identified two novel TPP risk loci near TRIM2 and AC140912.1. While rare mutations in TRIM2 and KCNJ2 were implicated in monogenic disorders characterized by muscle paralysis, our study suggested common variants near these genes might dysregulate gene expression and lead to milder phenotypes.
Congenital hyperextension deformity of the knees due to arthrogryposis multiplex congenita? Case report
Authors: Romero-Campiño Paola Andrea , Sandoval-Tristancho Liliana , Jaramillo María Camila , Claici Anna , Montaña-Jiménez Lina Paola 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a disorder characterized by non-progressive joint contractures. It has an estimated prevalence of 1 in every 3 000-5 000 live births, with the same male-to-female ratio.Case presentation: This is the case of a male newborn with adequate prenatal care checkup appointments, who presented with a congenital deformity of the lower limbs. On physical examination, he had hyperextension of the knees (passive flexion of 20° in the left leg and 30° in the right leg), and painful active movement. On admission, peripheral pulses had good intensity, and adequate distal perfusion was found. Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers were negative, and no midline lesions were observed in the spine. The patient was diagnosed with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and received multidisciplinary treatment to avoid early morbidity and mortality.Conclusion: To attain satisfactory clinical development in patients with arthrogryposis, it is essential to have a high level of antenatal suspicion, as well as appropriate prenatal checkups. All this allows for proper management, minimizing diagnostic errors, avoiding unnecessary procedures, and performing effective and timely treatment with outstanding results.
Presentación
Authors: Arias Mora Dennis 
Published: September 2020

Este volumen del Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos se publica en medio de un escenario no más prometedor que el que predominara un año atrás. De los hechos llamativos en el panorama de la región, como las protestas en Nicaragua y Honduras contra sus gobiernos, el repliegue de la izquierda partidaria en las elecciones de 2019 en El Salvador, el ascenso político de grupos conservadores en Costa Rica o la permanente desigualdad social en cada uno de sus países, ninguno representa un giro novedoso en la evolución socioeconómica y política reciente.
En cierta medida, el Dossier publicado en este 2019 permite ver una de las formas que toma la continuidad en la región, al ser analizada en profundidad la serie de efectos que en un país como Honduras ha tenido y sigue teniendo el golpe de Estado ocurrido en 2009. A diez años de ocurrido este evento, son frecuentes las expresiones de malestar social ante las manifestaciones de violencia política y las contradicciones de sectores de elite que, una década atrás, justificaron el golpe de Estado como modo de evitar una posible reelección y, tiempo después, recurrieron a ella de forma muy cuestionable para agravar un panorama político y económico que no deja de producir incesantes demandas sociales de democratización.
Trayectoria histórica de la estructura productiva del cantón de Palmares, Alajuela, Costa Rica. (1940- 2000)
Authors: Badilla Vargas Maynor 
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal, plantear de manera sintética, una propuesta de periodización de la estructura productiva del cantón de Palmares, y las transformaciones que ésta sufrió, durante el lapso de tiempo comprendido entre los años 1940- 2000, desde la perspectiva dela historia económica y regional.Por tal razón, es fundamental destacar que la estructura productiva de esta comunidad alajuelense ha experimentado un proceso de cambio, caracterizado por una serie de “ciclos productivos”, entre ellos: el ciclo tabacalero (1940- 1950); el ciclo cafetalero (1951-1980) y el ciclo de ladiversificación agrícola (1981- 2000), en el cual eclosionó la crisis cafetalera, y a la vez, surgió la producción agrícola no tradicional, como alternativa para los productores de la región.Por último, este artículo aspira a contribuir con el quehacer historiográfico de la región de Occidente de Costa Rica, debido a que propone un enfoque alternativo para el abordaje y la reconstrucción de la historia regional y local, cimentado en el arsenal teórico y metodológico delanálisis sistémico agrario, aplicado a las particularidades de la evolución del agro de Palmares.
CAPACITACIÓN: UNA HERRAMIENTA DE FORTALECIMIENTO DE LAS PYMES
Authors: Bermúdez Carrillo Luis Alberto 
Published: September 2020

Producto de este análisis, se determinaron las necesidades de capacitación que tienen las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) de Guanacaste, específicamente las de los cantones de Nicoya, Santa Cruz, Carrillo y Liberia, con la finalidad de elaborar y proponerles un plan de capacitación encaminado a llenar al menos parte de esas necesidades en materia de conocimiento de sus diferentes funciones o procesos. La investigación realizada es de tipo descriptivo, de campo, ya que teóricamente se sustentó en los planteamientos de los autores Wesley Best (1982) y Mohammad Naghi (2005), entre otros. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario de dieciséis (16) ítems dirigido a 120 pymes seleccionadas intencionalmente por ubicación e identificación. Los resultados de la labor investigativa evidencian que estas organizaciones, en general, desconocen sus procesos administrativos, los ciclos de vida de su producto y los métodos o herramientas de contabilidad. Incluso, en ellas hay desconocimiento en cuanto a los procesos de control interno, aunque el total de los entrevistados (100%) creen que las capacitaciones son importantes para el buen desempeño de sus empresas. Respecto a las prioridades de capacitación, los consultados ubicaron sus necesidades en el siguiente orden, por áreas: administración, financiera, tributaria y legal. Según los resultados de las entrevistas, no todos los microempresarios estarían dispuestos a pagar por un programa de capacitación. En general, el monto máximo que aceptarían pagar sería de ¢25.000, y los días que proponen para recibir las capacitaciones son los viernes y los sábados.