bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portals to frailty? Data-driven analyses detect early frailty profiles
Authors: Bohn Linzy , Zheng Yao , McFall G. Peggy , Dixon Roger A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Frailty is an aging condition that reflects multisystem decline and an increased risk for adverse outcomes, including differential cognitive decline and impairment. Two prominent approaches for measuring frailty are the frailty phenotype and the frailty index. We explored a complementary data-driven approach for frailty assessment that could detect early frailty profiles (or subtypes) in relatively healthy older adults. Specifically, we tested whether (1) modalities of early frailty profiles could be empirically determined, (2) the extracted profiles were differentially related to longitudinal cognitive decline, and (3) the profile and prediction patterns were robust for males and females.

Methods
Participants (n = 649; M age = 70.61, range 53–95) were community-dwelling older adults from the Victoria Longitudinal Study who contributed data for baseline multi-morbidity assessment and longitudinal cognitive trajectory analyses. An exploratory factor analysis on 50 multi-morbidity items produced 7 separable health domains. The proportion of deficits in each domain was calculated and used as continuous indicators in a data-driven latent profile analysis (LPA). We subsequently examined how frailty profiles related to the level and rate of change in a latent neurocognitive speed variable.

Results
LPA results distinguished three profiles: not-clinically-frail (NCF; characterized by limited impairment across indicators; 84%), mobility-type frailty (MTF; characterized by impaired mobility function; 9%), and respiratory-type frailty (RTF; characterized by impaired respiratory function; 7%). These profiles showed differential neurocognitive slowing, such that MTF was associated with the steepest decline, followed by RTF, and then NCF. The baseline frailty index scores were the highest for MTF and RTF and increased over time. All observations were robust across sex.

Conclusions
A data-driven approach to early frailty assessment detected differentiable profiles that may be characterized as morbidity-intensive portals into broader and chronic frailty. Early inventions targeting mobility or respiratory deficits may have positive downstream effects on frailty progression and cognitive decline.
Dermal immune responses against Psoroptes ovis in two cattle breeds and effects of anti-inflammatory dexamethasone treatment on the development of psoroptic mange
Authors: Chen Zhenzhen , Claerebout Edwin , Chiers Koen , Pas Mathilde , Pardon Bart , van Mol Wouter , Casaert Stijn , De Wilde Nathalie , Duchateau Luc , Geldhof Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPsoroptic mange is a common disease of livestock, caused byPsoroptes ovis. Compared to Holstein–Friesian (HF) cattle, the Belgian Blue (BB) cattle breed is highly susceptible to the infestation. However, the mechanism for this difference is still unclear. To determine the factors responsible for this breed susceptibility, the immune response toP. oviswas studied in experimentally infested BB and HF cattle, using clinical signs, histology, immunohistochemical profiling and gene expression analysis of skin biopsies. The mite numbers and lesion area of BB cattle were greater than in HF during the whole study period. Significant influxes of eosinophils in the epidermis and dermis were detected in comparison with the pre-infestation samples in both breeds, with significantly higher eosinophils in BB at 6 weeks post infestation (wpi). Mast cell numbers were unaffected at all stages of infestation in HF, but were significantly elevated relative to pre-infestation in BB cattle at 2 and 6 wpi. The more pronounced cutaneous eosinophilia and higher IL-4 levels at 6 wpi in BB cattle suggest that a Th2-type immune response is underlying the higher susceptibility of the BB breed. In naturally infested BB cattle, development of the psoroptic mange lesions and eosinophils and CD3+ T cell areas were severely depressed after anti-inflammatory treatment with dexamethasone. Together, these results suggest that a stronger Th2-type immune response toP. oviscauses the skin lesions in psoroptic mange in BB cattle and that local anti-inflammatory treatment could potentially be an alternative to control the pathology caused by this parasite.
Systemic and intestinal porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-specific antibody response and distribution of antibody-secreting cells in experimentally infected conventional pigs
Authors: Suda Yuto , Miyazaki Ayako , Miyazawa Kohtaro , Shibahara Tomoyuki , Ohashi Seiichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a coronavirus disease characterized by the rapid spread of severe diarrhea among pigs. PED virus (PEDV) infects and replicates mainly in the epithelial cells of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. Serum or mucosal IgA antibody levels have been used to predict both vaccine efficacy and the level of protective immunity to enteric infectious diseases in individuals or herds. Details of the B-cell immune response upon PEDV infection, such as the systemic and mucosal PEDV IgA antibody response, the distribution of IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), and their role in virus clearance are not yet clear. In this experimental infection study, we observed similar fluctuations in PEDV IgA antibody levels in serum and intestinal contents of the upper and lower jejunum and ileum, but not fecal samples, over the 4-week experimental course. ASCs that actively secrete PEDV IgA antibody without in vitro stimulation were distributed mainly in the upper jejunum, whereas memory B cells that showed enhanced PEDV IgA antibody production upon in vitro stimulation were observed in mesenteric lymph nodes and the ileum. Our findings will contribute to the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic methods for PEDV.
Dunkl-type generalization of the second kind beta operators via $(p,q)$-calculus
Authors: Nasiruzzaman Md. , Alotaibi Abdullah , Mursaleen M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this research article is to construct a Dunkl extension of$(p,q)$(p,q)-variant of Szász–Beta operators of the second kind by applying a new parameter. We obtain Korovkin-type approximation theorems, local approximations, and weighted approximations. Further, we study the rate of convergence by using the modulus of continuity, Lipschitz class and Peetre’s K-functionals.
How far does logistic dampening influence the global solvability of a high-dimensional chemotaxis system?
Authors: Jiang Ke , Han Yongjie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the homogeneous Neumann boundary value problem for chemotaxis system$$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases} u_{t} = \Delta u - \nabla \cdot (u\nabla v)+\kappa u-\mu u^{\alpha }, & x\in \Omega, t>0, \\ v_{t} = \Delta v - uv, & x\in \Omega, t>0, \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$${ut=Δu−∇⋅(u∇v)+κu−μuα,x∈Ω,t>0,vt=Δv−uv,x∈Ω,t>0,in a smooth bounded domain$\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}(N\geq 2)$Ω⊂RN(N≥2), where$\alpha >1$α>1and$\kappa \in \mathbb{R},\mu >0$κ∈R,μ>0for suitably regular positive initial data.When$\alpha \ge 2$α≥2, it has been proved in the existing literature that, for any$\mu >0$μ>0, there exists a weak solution to this system. We shall concentrate on the weaker degradation case:$\alpha <2$α<2. It will be shown that when$N<6$N<6, any sublinear degradation is enough to guarantee the global existence of weak solutions. In the case of$N\geq 6$N≥6, global solvability can be proved whenever$\alpha >\frac{4}{3}$α>43. It is interesting to see that once the space dimension$N\ge 6$N≥6, the qualified value ofαno longer changes with the increase ofN.
The bZIP transcription factor PsBZP32 is involved in cyst germination, oxidative stress response, and pathogenicity of Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Sheng Yuting , Lin Long , Chen Han , Pu Tianhuizi , Liu Xiaoyun , Dong Suomeng , Ye Wenwu , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family, one of the largest and most diverse transcription factor families in eukaryotes, is associated with the development and stress responses of many eukaryotic organisms. However, their biological functions in oomycete plant pathogens are unclear. A genome-wide analysis of bZIP transcription factors in Phytophthora sojae showed that PsBZP32, which has a unique bZIP-PAS domain structure, exhibited a high transcription level during the early stages of P. sojae infection. We silenced PsBZP32 in P. sojae and found that the transformants showed defective cyst germination and pathogenicity. The transformants could not eliminate host-derived reactive oxygen species during infection and were more sensitive to oxidative stress. Their response to oxidative stress was independent of the PsBZP32 transcription level; however, subcellular localization and phosphorylation of PsBZP32 were affected by H2O2 stress. These results indicate that PsBZP32 is involved in regulation of P. sojae cyst germination, oxidative stress response, and pathogenicity.
Circulating Levels of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Are Lower in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ochoa-Callejero Laura , García-Sanmartín Josune , Villoslada-Blanco Pablo , Íñiguez María , Pérez-Matute Patricia , Pujadas Elisabet , Fowkes Mary E , Brody Rachel , Oteo José A , Martínez Alfredo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
To better understand the biology of COVID-19, we have explored the behavior of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an angiogenic, vasodilating, and immune modulating peptide, in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive patients.

Methods
Levels of CGRP in the serum of 57 COVID-19 patients (24 asymptomatic, 23 hospitalized in the general ward, and 10 admitted to the intensive care unit) and healthy donors (n = 24) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, to better understand the physiological consequences of the observed variations, we investigated by immunofluorescence the distribution of receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), one of the components of the CGRP receptor, in autopsy lung specimens.

Results
CGRP levels were greatly decreased in COVID-19 patients (P &lt; 0.001) when compared to controls, and there were no significant differences due to disease severity, sex, age, or comorbidities. We found that COVID-19 patients treated with proton pump inhibitors had lower levels of CGRP than other patients not taking this treatment (P = 0.001). RAMP1 immunoreactivity was found in smooth muscle cells of large blood vessels and the bronchial tree and in the airways´ epithelium. In COVID-19 samples, RAMP1 was also found in proliferating type II pneumocytes, a common finding in these patients.

Conclusions
The lower levels of CGRP should negatively impact the respiratory physiology of COVID-19 patients due to vasoconstriction, improper angiogenesis, less epithelial repair, and faulty immune response. Therefore, restoring CGRP levels in these patients may represent a novel therapeutic approach for COVID-19.
Summit on Exercise Collapse Associated with Sickle Cell Trait: Finding the “Way Ahead”
Authors: O'Connor Francis G. , Franzos M. Alaric , Nye Nathaniel S. , Nelson D. Alan , Shell Donald , Voss Jameson D. , Anderson Scott A. , Coleman Nailah J. , Thompson Alexis A. , Harmon Kimberly G. , Deuster Patricia A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although largely benign, sickle cell trait (SCT) has been associated with exertion-related events, to include sudden death. In 2011, a summit on SCT introduced the term exercise collapse associated with SCT (ECAST). A series of ECAST deaths in military personnel in 2019 prompted reevaluation of current efforts and led to a second summit in October 2019 hosted by the Consortium for Health and Military Performance of the Uniformed Services University in Bethesda, MD. The goals were to (1) review current service policies on SCT screening, (2) develop draft procedural instructions for executing current policy on SCT within the Department of Defense, (3) develop draft clinical practice guidelines for management of ECAST, (4) establish a framework for education on SCT and ECAST, and (5) prepare a research agenda to address identified gaps.
Clinical outcome of Montelukast Sodium in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy
Authors: Naqi Syed Ali , Ashfaq Ahmed Hassan , Umar Mumtaz Ahmad , Karmani Jais Kumar , Arshad Naveed 
Published: January 2021

Background & Objectives: Generally, the blockage of upper respiratory tract in children is seen with the hypertrophy of adenoids and tonsils. Normally for patients with adenoid hypertrophy (AH), Adenoidectomy with or without Tonsillectomy is carried out, however it has its own complications like haemorrhage and recurrence of adenoid tissue. Consequently, therapeutic approach has increased extraordinary consideration rather than surgical procedure. The inflammatory process proposed for AH has prompted the utilization of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat this issue. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of Montelukast sodium in children with enlarged adenoids.
Methods: A randomized controlled trail was performed from April 2018 to March 2019 in the Otorhinolaryngology clinic of Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Islamabad. In this randomized, placebo treatment-controlled trial, 60 children aged 4-12 years meeting inclusion criteria were isolated into two groups. The study group was treated with Montelukast sodium 5mg consistently for three months while the control group got placebo treatment for a similar timeframe. A questionnaire was filled by parents/ guardians of every child before and after the intervention to evaluate the severity of sleep discomfort, snoring and mouth breathing.
Results: Following 3 months of treatment, significant reduction in size of the adenoids was seen in 76% of study group compared with just 3% of control group getting placebo treatment.
Conclusion: Montelukast sodium seems to be effective in the reduction of the size of adenoids and improvement in clinical manifestations. It can be viewed as a viable option in contrast to surgical treatment in children with hypertrophy of adenoids.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2670
How to cite this:Naqi SA, Ashfaq AH, Umar MA, Karmani JK, Arshad N. Clinical outcome of Montelukast Sodium in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):362-366. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2670
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Association of age and symptoms with frequency of Premature Ventricular Contractions on 24 hours Holter monitoring
Authors: Ambreen Shazadi , Khan Humaira Fayyaz , Hayyat Azmat , Shamsi Nasar Abbas 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This study was done with the objective to identify the determinants of mild, moderate and frequent burdens of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) which may guide the health care professionals to stratify the high risk patients on basis of their symptoms.
Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC) from 18th April 2016 to 20th March 2018. It comprised 60 diagnosed patients of PVCs, divided into three groups on the basis of their PVCs burden determined by Holter monitoring report. Each group of mild (Group-A), moderate (Group-B) and frequent burden (Group-C) constituted 20 patients having PVC burden <10%, 10-20% and >20% respectively. All patients were evaluated for their symptoms by a cardiologist. Statistical analysis was done to determine the association of patient’s symptom and age with mild, moderate and frequent PVCs burden.
Results: PVCs were significantly associated with presence of symptoms as compared to asymptomatic patients. While no significant correlation of age or any specific symptom (palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath) was found with mild, moderate and frequent PVCs burden with p-value of 0.466.
Conclusions: Mild, moderate or frequent PVCs burden are not associated with any specific symptom predominantly or old age. So, it is equally important for all the patients presenting with any symptom of palpitations, chest pain, dizziness or shortness of breath to undergo the work up of PVCs, irrespective of their age.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2873
How to cite this:Ambreen S, Khan FH, Hayat A, Shamsi NA. Association of age and symptoms with frequency of Premature Ventricular Contractions on 24 hours Holter monitoring. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):331-334. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2873
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Is COVID-19 pushing us to the Fifth Industrial Revolution (Society 5.0)?
Authors: Sarfraz Zouina , Sarfraz Azza , Iftikar Hamza Mohammad , Akhund Ramsha 
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may further promote the development of Industry 4.0 leading to the fifth industrial revolution (Society 5.0). Industry 4.0 technology such as Big Data (BD) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) may lead to a personalized system of healthcare in Pakistan. The final bridge between humans and machines is Society 5.0, also known as the super-smart society that employs AI in healthcare manufacturing and logistics. In this communication, we review various Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 technologies including robotics and AI being inspected to control the rate of transmission of COVID-19 globally. We demonstrate the applicability of advanced information technologies including AI, BD, and Information of Technology (IoT) to healthcare. Lastly, we discuss the evolution of Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0 given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in accordance with the technological strategies being considered and employed.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3387
How to cite this:Sarfraz Z, Sarfraz A, Iftikar HM, Akhund R. Is COVID-19 pushing us to the Fifth Industrial Revolution (Society 5.0)? Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):591-594. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3387
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Periprosthetic hip fractures: an update into their management and clinical outcomes
Authors: Patsiogiannis Nikolaos , Kanakaris Nikolaos K. , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: January 2021

The Vancouver classification is still a useful tool of communication and stratification of periprosthetic fractures, but besides the three parameters it considers, clinicians should also assess additional factors. Combined advanced trauma and arthroplasty skills must be available in departments managing these complex injuries. Preoperative confirmation of the THA (total hip arthroplasty) stability is sometimes challenging. The most reliable method remains intraoperative assessment during surgical exploration of the hip joint. Certain B1 fractures will benefit from revision surgery, whilst some B2 fractures can be effectively managed with osteosynthesis, especially in frail patients. Less invasive osteosynthesis, balanced plate–bone constructs, composite implant solutions, together with an appropriate reduction of the limb axis, rotation and length are critical for a successful fixation and uneventful fracture healing.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:75-92. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200050
Octave-spanning Kerr frequency comb generation with stimulated Raman scattering in an AlN microresonator
Authors: Weng Haizhong , Liu Jia , Afridi Adnan Ali , Li Jing , Dai Jiangnan , Ma Xiang , Zhang Yi , Lu Qiaoyin , Donegan John F. , Guo Weihua 
Published: January 2021

Octave-spanning optical frequency combs (OFCs) are essential for various applications, such as precision metrology and astrophysical spectrometer calibration. In this Letter, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the generation of octave-spanning Kerr frequency combs ranging from 1150 to 2400 nm in aluminum nitride (AlN) microring resonators, by pumping the

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modes at 250 mW on-chip power. By simply adjusting the pump detuning, we observe the transition and coexistence of Kerr OFC and stimulated Raman scattering. For the

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mode in the same device, a broadband Raman-assisted frequency comb is demonstrated by adjusting the pump power and tuning. These results indicate a crucial development for the fundamentals of nonlinear dynamics and comb applications in AlN.
Peran Kadar Feritin Serum dan Vitamin D Terhadap Keterlambatan Usia Tulang pada Anak Penyandang Talasemia Beta Mayor
Authors: Napitu Karla Shinta , Idjradinata Ponpon , Yuniati Tetty 
Published: January 2021

Latar belakang. Anak penyandang talasemia beta mayor sering mengalami komplikasi kelainan tulang berupa gangguan maturasi tulang. Iron overload akibat transfusi darah berulang diketahui berkontribusi atas gangguan ini. Kadar vitamin D yang rendah juga sering ditemukan pada pasien talasemia beta mayor.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui peranan kadar feritin serum dan vitamin D terhadap keterlambatan usia tulang.Metode. Observasi analitik korelasional rancangan potong lintang, pada anak usia 3-18 tahun dengan talasemia beta mayor. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar feritin serum, vitamin D, dan usia tulang. Analisis multi variabel menggunakan regresi linier ganda. Hasil uji bermakna bila nilai p<0,05.Hasil. Subjek sebanyak 50 anak. Rerata kadar feritin serum dan vitamin D yaitu 3092 ng/mL dan 26 ng/mL. Usia tulang defisit pada 39 (78%) subjek. Persamaan regresi ganda defisit usia tulang (bulan) yaitu 32,872-25,675*log (kadar vitamin D) + 0,007*kadar feritin serum sedangkan regresi multipel linier yaitu 51%. Kadar feritin serum diatas 2610 ng/mL dapat memprediksi defisit usia tulang > 12 bulan.Kesimpulan. Korelasi positif kuat antara kadar feritin serum terhadap keterlambatan usia tulang (p<0,001 ; r=0,7) dan korelasi negatif lemah antara vitamin D terhadap keterlambatan usia tulang (p=0,02 ; r=-0,3). Peranan feritin dan vitamin D terhadap keterlambatan usia tulang, yaitu sebesar 51%.