bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking prestige bias
Authors: Chellappoo Azita 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome cultural evolution researchers have argued for the importance of prestige bias as a systematic and widespread social learning bias, that structures human social learning and cultural transmission patterns. Broadly speaking, prestige bias accounts understand it as a bias towards copying ‘prestigious’ individuals (which are typically described as high-status, due to a high level of skill or success in a socially valued domain, and so are treated by others with respect and deference). Prestige bias, along with other social learning biases, has been argued to pay a crucial role in allowing cumulative cultural selection to take place, thereby generating adaptations that are key to our success as a species. However, I argue for skepticism about the plausibility and scope of a prestige bias account. I argue that although an account of prestige bias seems plausible or compelling on their face, it is committed to a particular view of the cognition underpinning the bias, and therefore to predictions regarding its flexibility and context-sensitivity. Given this, current empirical evidence gives us reason to doubt the explanatory value of a prestige bias account over a naive, goal-directed agent account. Additionally, the way that prestige is defined in empirical work is in tension with a general understanding of prestige, casting doubt upon its status as evidence of prestige bias. I examine two studies cited as evidence of prestige bias, arguing that in these cases we cannot clearly favour a prestige bias explanation over a goal-directed agent explanation.
BOLD signal simulation and fMRI quality control base on an active phantom: a preliminary study
Authors: Chen Tiao , Zhao Yue , Jia Chuntao , Yuan Zilong , Qiu Jianfeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBlood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal has been commonly used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe the activity in different areas of the brain or other organs. This signal is difficult to simulate, because its amplitude is nearly 1~3% and it is influenced by multiple factors. This study aimed to design and construct an active BOLD simulation phantom and test its stability and repeatability. The phantom consisted of two perpendicular loops. The BOLD signal was simulated by different stimuli generated by a regular periodic vibration current and transmission loops. Three scanners (Siemens skyra 3.0 T, Siemens verio 3.0 T, and GE signa HD 1.5 T) were used to test the stability and repeatability of the BOLD signal detection of the phantom. The percent signal change (PSC) was calculated for each stimulus. At baseline, the phantom exhibited stability, and the average signal variation was below 1% as revealed by the three scanners. The SNR of ROIs with different sizes were markedly high, being 2326.58 and 2389.24; and the ghosting ratio were 0.39% and 0.38%, and the stimuli detection efficiency for Siemens verio and Siemens skyra was 60% and 75%, respectively. The repeated scans of the same scanner for different stimuli were highly reproducible. In the three scanners, the PSC at the same location varied from nearly 1 to 3%. The areas activated on the phantom revealed by different scanners were comparatively consistent. The phantom designed for fMRI quantitative quality control displays good adaptability to different scanners and is easy to operate. It can reliably collect data by simple data processing.
Outcome after operative revision of clavicular nonunions
Authors: Michel Philipp A. , Schliemann Benedikt , Raschke Michael J. , Katthagen J. Christoph , Heilmann Lukas F. , Dyrna Felix , Sax Florian , Warnhoff Mara , Lill Helmut , Dey Hazra Rony-Orijit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decade, the treatment of midshaft clavicular fractures has increasingly shifted from conservative to operative therapy. The overall results seem to be better with surgery, although the problem of nonunion remains. The aim of this study was to report the functional results after operative revision of clavicular nonunions in two German level‑1 trauma centers.MethodsAll patients who underwent surgery for clavicular nonunions during the past 10 years were invited for a structured clinical follow-up examination. The major functional outcome parameter was the age- and gender-adjusted Constant score. Additionally, radiographic fracture union was assessed with the available X‑rays. Complications such as wound site infections were also monitored.ResultsIn total, 31 patients were available for assessment. The mean follow-up rate was 69.7 ± 31.2 months. The mean age of the patients was 52.3 ± 15.2 years. The nonunion was classified as atrophic in 26 cases and hypertrophic in five. A total of 25 (80.6%) patients were treated with angular stable plating combined with autologous bone grafting from the iliac crest. The age- and gender-adjusted Constant score was significantly decreased compared with the noninjured side (82.2 ± 17.1 vs. 95.6 ± 10). Radiographic union was achieved in 30 of the 31 patients (96.8%). Complications with need for surgical revision were recorded for two patients.ConclusionSurgery for clavicular nonunion is a safe and well-established procedure, which leads to radiographic union and good functional results for the majority of cases.
Analytical modelling of single-walled carbon nanotube energies: the impact of curvature, length and temperature
Authors: Hedman Daniel , Larsson J. Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent breakthroughs in the field of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth have been achieved by combining theoretical models with experiments. Theoretical models rely on accurate energies for SWCNTs, obtained via first principle calculations in the form of density functional theory (DFT). Such calculations are accurate, but time and resource intensive which limits the size and number of systems that can be studied. Here, we present a new analytical model consisting of three fundamental energy expressions, parametrized using DFT, for fast and accurate calculation of SWCNT energies at any temperature. Tests against previously published results show our model having excellent accuracy, with an root mean square error in total energies below 2 meV per atom as compared to DFT. We apply the model to study SWCNT growth on Ni catalysts at elevated temperatures by investigating the SWCNT/catalyst interface energy. Results show that the most stable interface shifts towards chiral edges as the temperature increases. The model’s ability to perform calculations at any temperature in combination with its speed and flexibility will allow researcher to study more and larger systems, aiding future research into SWCNT growth.
Increased Subglacial Sediment Discharge in a Warming Climate: Consideration of Ice Dynamics, Glacial Erosion, and Fluvial Sediment Transport
Authors: Delaney Ian , Adhikari Surendra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe evaluate changes to subglacial sediment discharge during glacier retreat by considering ice dynamics, bedrock erosion, and sediment transport processes. Coupling these components together within a single framework, we simulate sediment discharge from synthetic alpine glaciers experiencing accelerated glacier melt for 100 years. We find that sediment discharge increases by about 8 times the steady glacier values by the end of the simulation. The enhanced sediment discharge persists through peak water discharge and despite annual bedrock erosion volume decreasing by approximately 30% from the initial value. The greater sediment discharge results from increased melt at the glaciers' higher region, where transport was limited prior to glacier retreat. These findings suggest that large increases in sediment discharge may occur as glaciers retreat. The magnitude of the sediment discharge increase primarily depends on the quantity of sediment stored subglacially.
Nonlinear Scattering of 90° Pitch Angle Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt by Large‐Amplitude EMIC Waves
Authors: Lee Dae‐Young , Kim Kyung‐Chan , Choi Cheong‐Rim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can cause relativistic electron scattering and atmospheric precipitation, primarily via cyclotron resonant interactions in the Earth's radiation belts. However, the conventional quasilinear resonance theory suggests that the cyclotron resonance condition is not satisfied for 90° pitch angle (PA) electrons, which constitute the majority of electrons in the outer radiation belt, such that scattering mainly affects low‐PA electrons. In contrast to this theory, using test particle calculations, we demonstrate that even exactly 90° PA electrons can be significantly scattered by large‐amplitude EMIC waves. The finite wave force results in the parallel transport of 90° PA electrons away from the equator, corresponding to intrinsically nonresonant scattering. This can lead to parallel velocity that meets cyclotron resonance conditions as local PA deviates from 90°. Different types of resonance are identified depending on the wave normal angle, that is, first‐ and second‐order resonances for parallel and oblique waves, respectively.
Viscous Dissipation and Apparent Permeability of Gas Flow in Nanoporous Media
Authors: Zhao Jianlin , Kang Qinjun , Wang Youping , Yao Jun , Zhang Lei , Yang Yongfei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe nanopore confinement effect can increase the mobility for gas flow in shale rocks, and the apparent permeability is usually adopted to account for this effect. However, most of the apparent permeability calculation models are derived based on straight channels (capillaries) and neglect the influence of end effect. The end effect is caused by the bending of streamlines which yields more viscous dissipation and additional flow resistance for gas flow in nanoporous media. In this paper, for the first time the viscous dissipation for gas flow in nanoporous media is analyzed. In addition, an improved apparent permeability calculation model is proposed based on the Beskok‐Karniadakis (B‐K) model by introducing the influence of end effect, which is characterized by the ratio of the length to the width of a short channel (L/H). The accuracy of this model is validated by lattice Boltzmann simulations of gas flow in three different geometries: an infinite‐length straight channel, a finite‐length straight channel, and nanoporous media. For the infinite‐length straight channel, there is no end effect therefore both the B‐K model and the improved model can well predict the apparent permeability. However, for the finite‐length straight channel and nanoporous media, the original B‐K model overestimates the gas apparent permeability as it neglects the influence of end effect, while the improved model can still well predict the gas apparent permeability. In summary, the improved apparent permeability calculation model is more reasonable in predicting gas mobility in nanoporous media.
A Machine Learning Assisted Development of a Model for the Populations of Convective and Stratiform Clouds
Authors: Hagos Samson , Feng Zhe , Plant Robert S. , Protat Alain 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTraditional parameterizations of the interaction between convection and the environment have relied on an assumption that the slowly varying large‐scale environment is in statistical equilibrium with a large number of small and short‐lived convective clouds. They fail to capture nonequilibrium transitions such as the diurnal cycle and the formation of mesoscale convective systems as well as observed precipitation statistics and extremes. Informed by analysis of radar observations, cloud‐permitting model simulation, theory, and machine learning, this work presents a new stochastic cloud population dynamics model for characterizing the interactions between convective and stratiform clouds, with the goal of informing the representation of these interactions in global climate models. Fifteen wet seasons of precipitating cloud observations by a C‐band radar at Darwin, Australia are fed into a machine learning algorithm to obtain transition functions that close a set of coupled equations relating large‐scale forcing, mass flux, the convective cell size distribution, and the stratiform area. Under realistic large‐scale forcing, the derived transition functions show that, on the one hand, interactions with stratiform clouds act to dampen the variability in the size and number of convective cells and therefore in the convective mass flux. On the other, for a given convective area fraction, a larger number of smaller cells is more favorable for the growth of stratiform area than a smaller number of larger cells. The combination of these two factors gives rise to solutions with a few convective cells embedded in a large stratiform area, reminiscent of mesoscale convective systems.
Geology, U‐Pb Geochronology, and Hf Isotope Geochemistry Across the Mesozoic Alaska Range Suture Zone (South‐Central Alaska): Implications for Cordilleran Collisional Processes and Tectonic Growth of North America
Authors: Romero Mariah C. , Ridgway Kenneth D. , Gehrels George E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Mesozoic Alaska Range suture zone is defined by a transition from oceanic to continental terranes and is part of a 2000‐km‐long tectonic boundary throughout the northern Cordillera. Surface geologic mapping of the rock types across this suture zone provides critical information about the upper crustal configuration but provides little insight into the sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic processes that occurred in deeper levels of the collisional zone. To better constrain the timing and mantle‐crust sources of collision‐related magmatism, we combine U‐Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of detrital zircons from the three main components of the suture zone. U‐Pb/Hf data sets from inboard, continental margin samples have Precambrian‐Paleozoic ages with epsilon Hf(t) values ranging between +10 and −20. U‐Pb/Hf data sets from the outboard, oceanic terrane samples have Pennsylvanian‐Permian detrital zircon ages with epsilon Hf(t) values between +16 and +10. The U‐Pb/Hf data set of detrital zircons from Mesozoic strata that represent intervening sedimentary basin(s) that formed between the continental margin and oceanic terranes record Precambrian‐Mesozoic detrital zircon ages with epsilon Hf(t) values between +14 and −20. Results of the study document four Archean and Proterozoic global crustal magmatic events that are correlated to the tectonic growth of Laurentia. Also, three Phanerozoic magmatic events have been identified that represent more regional tectonic events. This study demonstrates that the combination of U‐Pb geochronology and Hf isotope geochemistry applied to detrital zircons is a powerful tool to define sediment provenance in collisional zones and delineate episodes of global and regional magmatism along convergent plate boundaries.
22 μW, 5.1 ps LSB, 5.5 ps RMS jitter Vernier time‐to‐digital converter in CMOS 65 nm for single photon avalanche diode array
Authors: Nolet F. , Roy N. , Carrier S. , Bouchard J. , Fontaine R. , Charlebois S.A. , Pratte J.‐F. 
Published: February 2020

A Vernier ring‐oscillator‐based time‐to‐digital converter (TDC) with a new prelogic is presented. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture achieve a 5.5 ps RMS timing jitter with a 5.1 ps LSB within an area of . Thanks to the new prelogic circuit, the power consumption of the circuit was optimised to at a rate of 1 Mevents/s for a dynamic range of 4 ns. The area, timing jitter and power consumption make the TDC suitable for an array of electronic readout in a position emission tomography single photon avalanche diode based detectors.
A Review on Homoeopathic Remedies and their Relationship
Authors: Bala Renu , Srivastava Amit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe word relationship indicates the way in which two or more things are connected, or the state of being connected. There is nothing in nature really unrelated to anything else. Medicines are interrelated to each other in various ways of therapeutic action. Knowledge of these relations is very important for accurate prescribing. Hahnemann was always careful to observe and record the antidotes to the remedies he proved.The relationship of remedies is the most useful section in therapeutic pocket book. Even Kent advocated the use of this particular section which can be studied at various levels of mind, parts, sensations, modalities, etc. But it is the least understood and least used because of neglect on the part of physicians. The practitioners are mastering the art of individualisation which is one of the pillars of homoeopathic treatment but more stress needs to be laid upon the grouping of remedies based on their relationship which has great importance in practice for the ideal cure. The homoeopathic literature was found to be very rich in describing the relationship which every remedy owes to each other. This review aims to bring forward the underlying facts and experiences of different authors regarding remedy relationship.
Earthquake Vulnerability of Port Structures in Indonesia
Authors: Widyastuti H , Lumantarna E , Sofi M , Ramli M I , Oktavianus Y. , Rajabifard A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIndonesia is located in a high seismic region and is in one of the most vulnerable countries likely to experience earthquakes. The impact of earthquakes on port structures can have an enormous impact on the economy if the earthquake hazard is not acknowledged, essential elements of the transportation system not identified, and damage prevention procedures not applied. In this project, the seismic performance of critical infrastructures, such as post structures as designed and constructed, are assessed. Outcomes of the assessment enable vulnerable elements to be identified leading to design recommendations. The project is conducted based on data collection, field survey, site investigations, experiments, and computer modelling and simulations.
Numerical analysis of water temperature difference on baroclinic flow in the region of freshwater influence (ROFI)
Authors: Arifin A N , Yano S , Lando A T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
IPCC had reported in the 5th assessment report (AR5) that global warming has been occurring from the past to the end of this century. This fact shows us that the temperature gradually increases in the average temperature of the atmosphere and oceans. Investigations of this issue have been conducted by experts to assess the effect of global warming on human life. In the coastal area, especially in the regions of freshwater influence (ROFIs), the effect can be seen in the river discharge trend, which increases due to the upward trend of precipitation. Delft3D model was used as the numerical model to conduct the three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical simulation in the Ariake Sea’s region of freshwater influence (ROFIs), Japan. A numerical experiment was performed with the observation data of river discharge and river water temperature to investigate the baroclinic flow in the Ariake Sea’s ROFIs, due to both of stratification (salinity and thermal) in several cases occur at different water temperatures (ΔT) between seawater temperature and riverine freshwater temperature from -0.29°C to 9.27°C. Results from this research assessed the effects of the water temperature difference in the Ariake Sea ROFIs on the baroclinic flow.
The role of the Titian path as accessibility in the marginal housing on the water at Kampung Karabba and Marbor, Buloa-Tallo
Authors: Amri N , Asmal I , Amin S 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStart Street is an important means of transportation in a residential neighbourhood. Housing built on aquatic environment generally uses of transportation in the form of a wooden bridge that serves as a street by the local community called Titian/Tete. Titian in kampung Karabba and Marbor Tallo district has a poor condition as street access. From its size, material and social role, the existing titian is less able to accommodate its role as a means of transportation. The objective of the study is to explore the local street facilities in various aspects, namely the role of the titian in the social life of the community and humanistic aspect. This research method uses a qualitative exploratory research method field (A Qualitative Exploratory Research) based on field data exploration (field observation). The result is that from the aspect of the size dimension of the titian does not qualify as a path, from the very material range to the climate and unsafe, from the socialistic aspects of the cattle, can play a role as the control of village security as well as the increasing social interaction of the community.
Conceptual framework of knowledge sharing and project team performance relationship in design and build project
Authors: Indriani M N , Thanaya I N A , Astana N Y , Yana A A G A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreasing competition in construction requires improvement in human resources. An integrated project team that combines all project participants to work collaboratively requires a high level of coordination in working together and sharing knowledge to achieve goals. “Knowledge, it self-power,” means that in the economic era of the twenty-first century, we have moved into a world where knowledge sharing is power. Therefore, the competitiveness of the company is derived from knowledge sharing to increase team efficiency and effectiveness in achieving goals. In the other hand, soft skill refers to various necessary skills, knowledge, and values of life, conceptual thinking, communicating well, working well, influencing others, and getting along with others. A further innovation is influenced by factors that come from individuals, such as locus of control, tolerance, values, education, experience. Knowledge sharing, in addition to changing innovation, also influence performance. This paper aims to build a framework of the project team performance and knowledge sharing on design and build project, through literature study. A review of some literature has been carried out, and the conceptual framework of knowledge sharing and project team performance relation is developed through soft skill and innovation.
An easy method for barchan dunes automatic extraction from multispectral satellite data
Authors: Aydda A , Althuwaynee O F , Pokharel B 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work presents an easy method for barchan dunes automatic extraction from multispectral satellite data. The proposed method based on unsupervised classifications of commonly used bands for sand dunes mapping in literature. First, the collected data were atmospherically and spatially enhanced. Moreover, each selected band (band ratio or redness index or crust index) were filtered using low-pass (3x3) filter and transformed with original image (non-filtered) by using principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, the classifications were achieved for each selected band by using three different algorithms (K-means, Expectation Maximization (EM), and IsoData) after data transformation. Eventually, the obtained maps were segmented and compared with natural colour image. The results indicate that unsupervised classification of crust index selected band, which achieved by IsoData algorithm, presents high performance for barchan dunes detection.