bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Front of pack nutritional labelling schemes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of recent evidence relating to objectively measured consumption and purchasing
Authors: Croker H. , Packer J. , Russell Simon J. , Stansfield C. , Viner R. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFront of pack labelling (FOPL) provides visible nutritional information and appears to influence knowledge and reformulation. However, a recent Cochrane review found limited and inconsistent evidence for behaviour change. The present review aimed to examine studies published subsequent the Cochrane review, focusing on prepackaged foods, examining the impact of FOPL on purchasing and consumption.MethodsControlled experimental/intervention and interrupted time series (ITS) studies were included, with no age/geography restrictions. Exposures were FOPL with objectively measured consumption/purchasing outcomes. Thirteen databases were searched (January 2017 to April 2019) and forward citation searching was undertaken on the included studies. Purchasing data from experimental studies were meta‐analysed. Two series of meta‐analyses were undertaken; combined FOPL versus no‐FOPL and specific FOPL scheme versus no‐FOPL. Outcomes were sugar (g 100 g−1), calories (kcal 100 g−1), saturated fat (g 100 g−1) and sodium (mg 100 g−1).ResultsWe identified 14 studies, reporting consumption (experimental; n = 3) and purchasing (n = 8, experimental; n = 3, ITS). Meta‐analysis of experimental studies showed sugar and sodium content of purchases was lower for combined FOPL versus no‐FOPL (−0.40 g sugar 100 g−1, P < 0.01; −24.482 mg sodium 100 g−1, P = 0.012), with a trend for lower energy and saturated fat (−2.03 kcal 100 g−1, P = 0.08; −0.154 g saturated fat 100 g−1, P = 0.091). For specific FOPL, products purchased by ‘high in’ FOPL groups had lower sugar (−0.67 g sugar 100 g−1, P ≤ 0.01), calories (−4.43 kcal 100 g−1, P < 0.05), sodium (−33.78 mg 100 g−1, P = 0.01) versus no‐FOPL; Multiple Traffic Light had lower sodium (−34.94 mg 100 g−1, P < 0.01) versus no‐FOPL. Findings regarding consumption were limited and inconsistent. FOPL resulted in healthier purchasing in ITS studies.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence from experimental and ‘real‐life’ studies indicating that FOPL encourages healthier food purchasing. PROSPERO CRD42019135743.
Impact of nutritional status/risk and post‐operative nutritional management on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Narendra K. , Kiss N. , Margerison C. , Johnston B. , Chapman B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is prevalent in patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) surgery and has been linked to adverse outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the association between early post‐operative nutritional status/risk, post‐operative nutritional management and clinical outcomes.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in GI surgical patients with a minimum 3‐day post‐operative length of stay (LOS). Data on patient demographics, nutritional status/risk, post‐operative nutritional management and clinical outcomes were collected. Four markers of nutritional status and risk were assessed: preoperative weight loss, nutrition risk, malnutrition status and hand grip strength. Clinical outcomes included: post‐operative LOS, complication and readmissions rates. Multivariate linear and logistic regression were used to test for associations with clinical outcomes.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen patients (55% female) with mean (SD) age of 60.8 (16.2) years were included. Median (IQR) post‐operative LOS was 8.0 days (4.5–11.5), 37% of participants developed at least one complication post‐operatively and 24% were readmitted within 30‐days of discharge. Mean number of nil‐by mouth (NBM) days post‐operatively was 0.7 (1.2) and the average time to commence feeding was 3.3 (2.2) days after surgery. Poor nutritional status/risk between days 3–5 post‐operatively assessed through all four markers was associated with longer post‐operative LOS (all P < 0.05). No association was found between number of NBM days, time to feeding and clinical outcomes.ConclusionPoor early post‐operative nutritional status/risk is associated with longer post‐operative LOS in patients undergoing GI surgery, which may facilitate simple identification of patients at high priority for nutritional intervention. The present study highlights the heterogeneity in post‐operative nutritional management practices.
Entrepreneurial Hustle: Navigating Uncertainty and Enrolling Venture Stakeholders through Urgent and Unorthodox Action
Authors: Fisher Greg , Stevenson Regan , Neubert Emily , Burnell Devin , Kuratko Donald F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEntrepreneurs need to act under conditions of uncertainty and resource constraints to bring new, often‐unrecognizable products to market and convince an unknown set of stakeholders to support their endeavours. The type of action entrepreneurs take to navigate uncertain entrepreneurial contexts is underspecified. We analysed 48 interviews with entrepreneurs to inductively identify an action‐oriented construct we labelled as entrepreneurial hustle – an entrepreneur’s urgent, unorthodox actions that are intended to be useful in addressing immediate challenges and opportunities under conditions of uncertainty. In a follow‐up study, we use an experimental vignette approach to assess the impact of an entrepreneur’s hustle on venture stakeholders. Findings suggest that entrepreneurial hustle positively influences stakeholder perceptions of the entrepreneur’s leadership effectiveness and a venture’s legitimacy, mediated by perceptions of the entrepreneur’s ability‐based trustworthiness. We conclude that entrepreneurial hustle is a fundamental behaviour that enables entrepreneurs to enrol new venture stakeholders and lead their entrepreneurial efforts.
Usefulness of metalloproteinase‐9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 in clinical characterisation of children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease
Authors: Daniluk Urszula , Daniluk Jaroslaw , Guzinska‐Ustymowicz Katarzyna , Pryczynicz Anna , Lebensztejn Dariusz 
Published: May 2020

AimThe aim of this study was to determine the relation of non‐invasive markers representing gut mucosal damage (metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9)) and remodelling (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1)) with Crohn's disease (CD) phenotype, disease activity scores (clinical and endoscopic) and radiological evaluation of the ileum in newly diagnosed children.MethodsSerum and faecal MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 concentrations were determined with the sandwich enzyme‐linked immunoassay technique. The performance of each marker with reference to the Paris classification, disease activity scores and magnetic resonance enterography results was assessed using non‐parametric tests.ResultsA total of 32 children with CD demonstrated higher levels of serum and faecal MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 compared with a control group including children without gastrointestinal inflammatory disease (all P < 0.05). Only the serum MMP‐9 concentration was significantly higher in children with L3 (ileocolonic) compared with children with L1 (distal ileum). The serum TIMP‐1 level was significantly higher in patients with an magnetic resonance enterography‐detected ileum involvement longer than 51 mm and in children with severe disease activity compared with other patients. The serum MMP‐9 level was lower in patients with stenosis combined with prestenotic dilation compared with children without stenosis.ConclusionIncreased serum and faecal MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 concentrations are some reliable markers of inflammation in newly diagnosed children with CD, but without facilitating clear phenotyping of the disease.
Development and evaluation of formal guidelines for donor selection for human milk banks
Authors: Clifford Vanessa , Sulfaro Christine , Lee June , Pink Joanne , Hoad Veronica 
Published: May 2020

AimDonor selection for milk banks is essential to ensure the safety and nutritional quality of the donor milk, and to ensure that the prospective donor and her breastfeeding infant do not come to harm through donating. Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Milk went through a robust process to develop a set of criteria for the selection and screening of potential breast milk donors, which included development of a Donor Questionnaire (DQ), supported by a formal set of Guidelines for the Selection of Milk Donors. Key screening questions from the DQ were made available to prospective donors to self‐screen prior to the formal assessment process. The aim of this study was to review the outcomes of milk donor screening at Lifeblood Milk.MethodsWe reviewed the outcomes of our donor screening process over the first 12‐months (July 2018–June 2019) of operations.ResultsA total of 50 out of 327 donors who responded to the self‐screening questions were not able to proceed further; 201 donors were formally screened using the DQ and Guidelines for the Selection of Milk Donors, with 9 of 201 deferred based on their responses. An additional two donors were deferred (failed phlebotomy (n = 1) and reactive infectious disease serology (n = 1)), with 190 of 201 (95%) of prospective donors accepted after screening.ConclusionsOur experience highlighted international differences in practice between milk banks and lack of strong research to inform milk donor selection. Making a set of key screening questions available to donors for self‐screening resulted in a high acceptance rate (95%) for donors who began the formal screening process. Further work is needed to better understand the impact of deferral on prospective milk donors.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of grapevine anthracnose and its relationship to pathogen survival
Authors: dos Santos Ricardo Feliciano , Amorim Lilian , Zini Priscila Barbieri , Spósito Marcel Bellato 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnthracnose, caused by Elsinoë ampelina, is an economically important grapevine disease in south and southeast Brazil. Control is achieved by lime sulphur application during grapevine dormancy and foliar fungicide sprays until the berries are half‐grown. This study assessed the temporal and spatial progress of grapevine anthracnose under field conditions in order to describe the disease dynamics and its relationship to pathogen survival. The experiment was carried out in a vineyard of table grape Vitis labrusca in Brazil, during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. The incidence of vines with diseased leaves, stems and berries and the disease severity on leaves were recorded from bud break to veraison. Monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz models were fitted by non‐linear regression to the incidence and severity data over time to characterize the temporal progress. Ordinary runs, dispersion index, modified Taylor's power law and spatial hierarchy analyses were used to characterize the spatial pattern of diseased plants. The monomolecular model showed the best fit for the incidence progress, with disease progress rates ranging from 0.051 to 0.136 per day. In both seasons, the incidence of diseased plants reached 100% 1 month after bud break. However, the incidence of diseased leaves per plant was around 60% and leaf disease severity was lower than 5% for both years. Ordinary runs and dispersion index analyses revealed that diseased grapevines were distributed randomly on the majority of the assessment dates. Meanwhile, a slight aggregation of diseased vines was observed in the modified Taylor's power law analysis. Our results suggested that the progress of anthracnose incidence and severity over time was governed mainly by the income of the primary inoculum, which survived in the vineyard. Therefore, anthracnose control measures in Brazilian vineyards should be focused on the reduction in inoculum within the vineyard.
The effect of dietary supplementation with globin and spray‐dried porcine plasma on performance, digestibility and histomorphological traits in broiler chickens
Authors: Dabbou Sihem , Trocino Angela , Xiccato Gerolamo , Nery Joana , Madrid Josefa , Martinez Silvia , Hernández Fuensanta , Kalmar Isabelle D. , Capucchio Maria Teresa , Colombino Elena , Biasato Ilaria , Bailoni Lucia , Gasco Laura , Mugnai Cecilia , Schiavone Achille 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of globin and spray‐dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on growth performance, digestibility, nitrogen retention, energy retention efficiency (ERE) and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 336‐day‐old male broiler chickens were reared from 1 to 40 days of age and fed 3 diets (8 replicates/diet, 14 birds/replicate) during 3 feeding phases: starter (1–12 days), grower (12–25 days) and finisher (25–40 days). Isonitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing gluten protein isolate contained in the control diet (C diet) with 2% (starter) or 1% (grower and finisher) spray‐dried porcine plasma in the plasma diet (SDPP diet). The globin diet (G diet) was obtained by adding globin on the top of C diet at a dose of 0.08% for the whole rearing period. Total tract apparent digestibility (aD), nitrogen retention and ERE were assessed during the three growing phases. At 12 and 40 days of age, one bird per pen was slaughtered to sample gut, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius for histomorphological investigations. The SDPP diet increased body weights of chickens at 12 (+60 g; p < .001), 25 (+101 g; p < .001) and 40 days (+130 g; p = .018) of age compared to C and G diets. Also SDPP improved crude protein aD (+9.7%) and ERE (+12.3%) during the starter phase (p < .001). Dietary globin and SDPP inclusion did not affect either the gut morphology or the histopathological findings in birds at 12 and 40 days of age, despite a numerical (+6.90% and +7.40% respectively) villus height improvement in the SDPP group. Overall, these results confirm that dietary supplementation with SDPP and, to a lesser extent, with globin can improve growth performance and dietary protein and energy utilization in broiler chickens without effect on gut functionality.
Entecavir and tenofovir on renal function in patients with hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jeon Mi Young , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is associated with a risk of renal dysfunction. We investigated whether TDF is associated with the deterioration of renal function in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) requiring frequent computed tomography (CT) evaluations and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) sessions, when compared to entecavir (ETV). Between 2007 and 2017, 493 patients with HBV‐related HCC were enrolled. The number of CT evaluations and TACE sessions were collected through 3 years of follow‐up. The median age of the study population (373 men and 120 women; 325 with ETV and 168 with TDF) was 56.5 years. TDF was significantly associated with a serum creatinine increase (≥25% from the baseline; unadjusted hazard ratio [uHR] = 1.620) and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction (<20% from the baseline) (uHR = 1.950) (all P < .05), when compared to ETV. In addition, CT evaluations ≥4 times/year were significantly associated with a serum creatinine increase (uHR = 2.709), eGFR reduction (uHR = 3.274) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression (≥1 CKD stage from the baseline) (uHR = 1.980) (all P < .05). In contrast, TACE was not associated with all renal dysfunction parameters (all P > .05). After adjustment, TDF use was independently associated with the increased risk of eGFR reduction (adjusted HR [aHR] = 1.945; P = .023), whereas CT evaluation ≥4 times/year was independently associated with the increased risk of serum creatinine increase (aHR = 2.898), eGFR reduction (aHR = 3.484) and CKD progression (aHR = 1.984) (all P < .01). In conclusion, patients with HBV‐related HCC treated with TDF and frequent CT evaluations should be closely monitored for the detection of associated renal dysfunction.
Continuing to Explore the Multidimensional Nature of Lexical Sophistication: The Case of Oral Proficiency Interviews
Authors: EGUCHI MASAKI , KYLE KRISTOPHER 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLexical sophistication has been an important indicator of productive lexical proficiency for almost 30 years. Although lexical sophistication has most often been operationalized as the proportion of low frequency words in a text, a growing body of research has indicated that a number of indices such as concreteness, hypernymy, and n‐gram association strengths meaningfully contribute to the construct. While the increase in available indices has expanded our understanding of the multidimensional construct, the sheer number of indices presents a practical barrier for researchers. Although some studies have begun to address this issue, most have been confined to the analysis of argumentative tasks, which are not necessarily representative of the range of tasks learners may encounter. This study therefore investigates the structure of lexical sophistication indices in a large learner corpus of English second language (L2) oral proficiency interviews (OPIs). An exploratory factor analysis identified 10 factors, 7 of which explained approximately 58% of the variance in OPI scores in a follow‐up regression analysis. The results suggest that while some features of lexical sophistication (e.g., concreteness) may be task independent, others (e.g., frequency) may be task specific.
A randomized trial of Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 tyndallizate (RHT3201) for treating atopic dermatitis
Authors: Jeong Kyunguk , Kim Mincheol , Jeon Se Ah , Kim Young‐Hoo , Lee Sooyoung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundProbiotic therapies, mainly live bacteria, have been proven to be effective in treating atopic dermatitis (AD) with some controversies. Killed probiotics or postbiotics would have immunomodulatory effect in allergic diseases including AD. This study was performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of tyndallized Lactobacillus rhamnosus (IDCC 3201, isolated from the feces of a Korean breastfed infant, repeated heat‐treated and incubated, RHT3201) in children with AD.MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, RHT3201 at a dose of 1.0 × 1010 CPU/d or placebo was given in children (aged 1‐12 years) with moderate AD for 12 weeks. SCORing of AD (SCORAD) scores, allergic inflammatory markers, and safety parameters were evaluated.ResultsFor evaluating the therapeutic effects of RHT3201, 33 subjects in each group were analyzed. The change of SCORAD total score at 12 weeks (primary outcome) from baseline was significantly greater in the RHT3201 group (−13.89 ± 10.05) compared to the control group (−8.37 ± 9.95). Levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin (IL)‐31 showed tendency to decrease in the RHT3201 group and significant decreases in subgroup analysis in AD for ≥50 months. For safety analysis, a total of 100 subjects (50 in the treated group and 50 in the control group) were evaluated, and there were no significant differences in safety parameters between two groups.ConclusionIn children with moderate AD, oral administration of RHT3201 showed the therapeutic effect on AD, the effects in part correlated with decrement of ECP and IL‐31, and the effect was more remarkable in subgroup analysis.
New reference ranges of procalcitonin excluding respiratory failure in neonates
Authors: Naramura Tetsuo , Tanaka Kenichi , Inoue Takeshi , Imamura Hiroko , Yoshimatsu Hidetaka , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Iwai Masanori 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundExisting reference data on serum procalcitonin (PCT) in neonates include the effects of respiratory disorders commonly occurring during birth. We aimed to determine new 95% reference intervals in neonates after excluding the influence of respiratory failure at birth, and to investigate the effects of gestational age (GA) and respiratory condition at birth on postnatal transient serum PCT elevation.MethodsSamples were obtained from term and preterm neonates during the first 3 days of life. Neonates were classified into reference, respiratory failure, and bacterial infection groups. In the reference group, the correlation between PCT level and GA was investigated.ResultsThe median PCT level within the 95% range 12–36 h after birth was 1.05 ng/mL (0.14–4.39) in term neonates (143 samples) and 1.01 ng/mL (0.15–4.44) in preterm neonates (95 samples). There was no correlation between GA and serum PCT level during 1–48 h after birth. There was a significant difference in median serum PCT level during 12–36 h after birth between the respiratory failure (9.56 ng/mL) and bacterial infection (49.82 ng/mL) groups in preterm neonates but no difference between term neonates (respiratory failure 6.83 ng/mL, and bacterial infection 7.43 ng/mL).ConclusionsRespiratory failure is the main effector for the transient elevation in serum PCT levels at 3 days of life. After excluding the influence of respiratory failure, the chronological pattern and range were very similar between term and preterm neonates. Procalcitonin can be useful for clinicians in distinguishing bacterial infection from respiratory failure, aiding decisions on appropriate antibiotic use.
Bronchial thermoplasty versus mepolizumab: Comparison of outcomes in a severe asthma clinic
Authors: Langton David , Sha Joy , Guo Suzy , Sharp Julie , Banks Ceri , Wang Wei , Plummer Virginia , Thien Francis 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveBT and interleukin‐blocking monoclonal antibodies are both effective therapies for severe asthma, but there have been no direct comparisons between the two treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of BT and mepolizumab, in a real‐world setting.MethodsPatients with severe asthma despite optimized inhaler therapy were drawn from a severe asthma clinic in a tertiary hospital. Every patient commencing therapy with BT or mepolizumab was prospectively included in a national registry. At predetermined assessment points over a 12‐month period, assessments were made of ACQ, spirometry, oral corticosteroid requiring exacerbations, reliever medication and maintenance oral corticosteroid use.ResultsA total of 91 patients with severe asthma participated: mean ACQ score 3.5 ± 1.0, FEV1 51.4 ± 17.7%, maintenance oral steroids 48.3% and 11.5 ± 10.0 inhalations/day reliever therapy. Forty‐seven patients received mepolizumab and 44 received BT. Baseline characteristics were similar except significantly higher blood eosinophil count in the mepolizumab group. At 12 months, there were no differences between treatment outcomes for ACQ (1.9 ± 1.3 mepolizumab vs 1.7 ± 1.3 BT), exacerbation rate (0.9 ± 1.1 vs 0.9 ± 1.5), reduction in reliever use (−6.3 ± 10.5 vs −5.0 ± 8.8 puffs/day) or reduction in oral corticosteroids (−3.3 ± 7.5 vs − 5.8 ± 6.7 mg/day). The FEV1 improved equally (160 ± 290 vs 150 ± 460 mL). Readmission or prolonged admission was observed in 18.2% of BT patients, whilst 25.5% of mepolizumab patients had discontinued treatment at 12 months, 14.9% due to an adverse event or non‐compliance.ConclusionThe results suggest that BT is as efficacious as mepolizumab for the treatment of severe asthma.