bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nepetin inhibits osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANKL‐induced activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathway, and autophagy
Authors: Chu Binxiang , Chen Shenao , Zheng Xiaohe , Ye Jiajing , Cheng Xu , Zhang Liwei , Guo Di , Wang Peng , Hong Dun , Hong Zhenghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAseptic prosthetic loosening due to wear particle–induced inflammatory osteolysis is the main cause of failure for artificial joint replacement. The inflammatory response and the production of pro‐osteoclastic factors lead to elevation of osteoclast formation and excessive activity results in extensive bone destruction around the bone‐implant interface. Here we showed that Nepetin, a natural bioactive flavonoid with proven anti‐inflammatory and anti‐proliferative properties, potently inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation, formation and bone resorption in vitro, and protected mice against the deleterious effects of titanium particle–induced calvarial osteolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, Nepetin attenuated RANKL‐induced activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways and TRAF6‐dependent ubiquitination of Beclin 1 which is necessary for the induction of autophagy. In brief, our study demonstrates the potential therapeutic application of Nepetin against osteoclast‐mediated osteolytic diseases.
Research Review: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sex/gender differences in social interaction and communication in autistic and nonautistic children and adolescents
Authors: Wood‐Downie Henry , Wong Bonnie , Kovshoff Hanna , Cortese Samuele , Hadwin Julie A. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundEvidence increasingly suggests that ASD manifests differently in females than males. Previous reviews investigating sex/gender differences in social interaction and social communication have focused at the level of broad constructs (e.g. comparing algorithm scores from pre‐existing diagnostic instruments) and have typically reported no significant differences between males and females. However, a number of individual studies have found sex/gender differences in narrow construct domains.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and random effects model meta‐analyses (in January 2019 and updated January 2020) that investigated sex/gender differences in narrow construct measures of social communication and interaction in autistic and nonautistic children and adolescents, and adults. Study quality was appraised using the Appraisal Tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS, BMJ Open, 6, 2016, 1).ResultsAcross 16 studies (including 2,730 participants), the analysis found that female (vs. male) individuals with ASD had significantly better social interaction and social communication skills (SMD = 0.39, p < .001), which was reflective of a similar sex/gender profile in nonautistic individuals (SMD = 0.35, p < .001). Nonautistic males had significantly better social interaction and communication than males with ASD (SMD = 0.77, p < .001). Nonautistic females also had significantly better social interaction and communication than females with ASD (SMD = 0.72, p <.001). Nonautistic males had better social interaction and communication than females with ASD, though this difference was not significant (SMD = 0.30, p = .07).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis highlighted important sex/gender differences in social interaction and communication for individuals with ASD, likely not captured by pre‐existing diagnostic instruments, which potentially contribute to the under recognition of autism in females, and may need to be reflected in the diagnostic process.
Visual and nonvisual opsin genes of sharks and other nonosteichthyan vertebrates: Genomic exploration of underwater photoreception
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuaki , Koyanagi Mitsumasa , Kuraku Shigehiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVision of sharks embraces various biological and ecological themes ranging from predation and adaptation to deep‐sea life. However, behavioural and genetic studies have been limited by their elusive lifestyles, repeatedly reported declines of wild populations, and their unique life‐history traits including low fecundity and enhanced longevity. Sharks have also not been actively studied on the cellular and molecular levels, because of additional difficulties in cell culture, tissue collection and genome sequencing. A recent study circumvented some of these obstacles by means of genome informatics thereby portrayed the variation of visual opsin gene repertoires among elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) and spectral shifts of the rhodopsin pigment. Comprehensive surveys in whole‐genome sequences are also revealing the repertoires of nonvisual opsins with unknown functions. This review is aimed to summarize existing studies on shark opsins with an emphasis on genomic investigation of gene repertoires and to provide insights into the better understanding of underwater ecology of marine megafauna with in vitro experimentation.
Comparative genomic analysis of different virulence strains reveals reasons for the increased virulence of Aeromonas veronii
Authors: Yang Bintong , Chen Chong , Sun Yufeng , Cao Linan , Zhang Dongxing , Sun Wuwen , Zhang Lei , Wang Guiqin , Shan Xiaofeng , Kang Yuanhuan , Qian Aidong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAeromonas veronii is an important zoonotic and aquatic agent. More and more cases have shown that it has caused huge economic losses in the aquaculture industry in addition to threatening human health. But the reasons for the increasing virulence of A. veronii are still unclear. In order to further understand the reasons for the increased virulence of A. veronii, we conducted a comparative analysis of the genomes of A. veronii with different virulence. The analysis revealed that there are multiple virulence factors, such as those related to fimbriae, flagella, toxins, iron ion uptake systems and type II, type III and type VI secretion systems in the virulent strain TH0426 genome. And comparative analysis showed that there were two complete type III secretion systems (API1 and API2), of which the API2 and iron ion transport system were unique to the TH0426 strain. In addition, TH0426 strain also has unique functional gene clusters, which may play important roles in terms of resisting infection, adapting to different environments and genetic evolution. These particular virulence factors and gene clusters may be the important reasons for the increased virulence. These insights will provide a reference for the study of the pathogenesis of A. veronii.
Huperzine‐A administration recovers rat ovary function after sympathetic stress
Authors: Riquelme Raul , Ruz Freddy , Mayerhofer Artur , Lara Hernán E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChronic cold stress affects ovarian morphology and impairs fertility in rats. It causes an ovarian polycystic ovary (PCOS)‐like phenotype, which resembles PCOS in women. The mechanism of cold stress action involves increased ovarian noradrenaline (NA) levels, which remain elevated after cessation of cold stress. By contrast, ovarian acetylcholine (ACh) levels are only transiently elevated and returned to control levels after a 28‐day post stress period. Because ACh can exert trophic actions in the ovary, we hypothesised that a sustained elevation of ovarian ACh levels by intraovarian exposure to the ACh‐esterase blocker huperzine‐A (Hup‐A) may interfere with cold stress‐induced ovarian changes. This possibility was examined in female Sprague‐Dawley rats exposed to cold stress (4°C for 3 h day‐1 for 28 days), followed by a 28‐day period without stress. To elevate ACh, in a second group Hup‐A was delivered into the ovary of cold stress‐exposed rats. A third group was not exposed to cold stress. As expected, cold stress elevated ovarian NA, reduced the number of corpora lutea and increased the number of follicular cysts. It increased plasma testosterone and oestradiol but decreased plasma levels of progesterone. In the Hup‐A group, ovarian levels of both, NA and ACh, were elevated, there were fewer cysts and normal testosterone and oestradiol plasma levels were found. However, progesterone levels remained low. Most likely, low progesterone was associated with impaired mating behaviour and low pregnancy rate. We propose that elevated intraovarian levels of ACh are involved in the rescue of ovarian function, opening a target to control ovarian diseases affecting follicular development.
Personality and psychopathology: In defense of a practical path toward integrating psychometric and biological approaches to advance a comprehensive model
Authors: Fournier Jay C. , Roberts Nicole J. , Ford Katy Lauren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPersonality and psychopathology each reflect patterns of internal experience and outward behavior that differ between people and affect functioning. Drawing strict distinctions between the two concepts is not only difficult, but it may prove unnecessary for advancing an integrated model of psychological experiences associated with mental illness. We argue that developing such a model will be critical for improving treatment outcomes, and we discuss a practical path forward. Proponents of psychometric approaches to developing models of psychological experience focus on observable phenotypes and utilize statistical methods to describe patterns of covariation among a broad range of symptoms and dispositions. Advocates of biologically based approaches emphasize neuroscientific tools for identifying abnormalities in brain function that give rise to an individual's experience. There is substantial evidence that measures of personality and measures of symptoms capture nonoverlapping, clinically important information for understanding how and for whom treatments for mental illness work. In this article, we highlight the importance of combining psychometric and neurobiological approaches in order to understand which features of an individual those measures reflect, which aspects of neurobiology generate and maintain those features, how they relate to each other, and critically, how best to alter them to reduce distress and dysfunction.
The early transcriptional responses in rose induced by Bacillus velezensis CLA178 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58
Authors: Chen Lin , Liu Huihui , Ma Qinghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBoth pathogens and beneficial microbes can induce plant defence responses. However, the defence responses to pathogenic Agrobacterium in Rose genus plants and the gene regulatory pathways induced by plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to resist pathogenic Agrobacterium are not clear. In this study, the growth of rose plants was inhibited by Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 but promoted by a beneficial rhizobacterium, Bacillus velezensis CLA178. CLA178 also helped rose plants against crown gall disease. To investigate the early response of rose to pathogenic Agrobacterium and PGPR Bacillus, we performed RNA‐seq of rose cells in response to A. tumefaciens C58 and B. velezensis CLA178. The overall transcriptional changes in response to C58 were weaker than those to CLA178, and 93.08% of the transcriptional changes in rose induced by C58 overlapped with the CLA178 profile. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in rose cells inoculated with CLA178 but not in those inoculated with C58. The suppression of rose plant defence responses to the pathogen C58 favours its infection. We found that CLA178 triggers rose plant defences by inducing oxidative burst and upregulating the expression of genes related to the stress response and plant–pathogen interactions. In addition, we found that the expression of histone gene families that assist T‐DNA integration into the host genome was decreased by CLA178. The upregulated expression of NRT2.4, LRX6 and CAD1 by CLA178 might contribute to the plant growth promotion by CLA178. The study provides insight into the response of woody plant rose to pathogenic Agrobacterium and a potential mechanism induced by CLA178 against crown gall disease in rose.
Caries disparities among Medicaid‐enrolled young children from pediatric primary care settings
Authors: Selvaraj David , Curtan Shelley , Copeland Tashyana , McNamee Erin , Debelnogich Jelena , Kula Taylor , Momotaz Hasina , Nelson Suchitra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to determine the overall and racial differences in the extent of caries experience and to examine the association between child and parent/caregiver characteristics and caries among 3–6‐year‐old Medicaid‐enrolled children.MethodsThis study reports baseline cross‐sectional data from a larger pragmatic clinical trial in pediatric primary care practices. Child‐level clinical dental exams included decayed and filled teeth (dft) using ICDAS criteria and parent/caregiver questionnaire collected information on socio‐demographics, child oral health behaviors, oral health related quality of life (OHQoL), and food environment.ResultsA total of 1,024 parent/caregiver‐child dyads participated in the study. The overall caries experience (dft) was 49 percent and untreated decay was 42 percent. Children who were Black had 1.3 and 1.2 times significantly higher frequency of untreated primary decay and caries experience compared to non‐Black children. An overall logistic regression model predicted that race, increased age, receiving dental care in the past 12 months for a cavity/toothache, and lower caregiver OHQoL was significantly associated with increased odds of the child having caries. Non‐Black caregivers with less education, whose child was older, and lower child OHQoL had increased odds of having a child with caries, but these same variables were not predictive for the Black children.ConclusionsRacial disparities exist with respect to caries experience and untreated decay within a Medicaid‐enrolled population of young children attending well‐child visits. Pediatric primary care offices are well‐positioned to provide dental surveillance and preventive care and could play an important role in decreasing oral health inequities.
Copyright issues related to reproduction rights arising from streaming
Authors: Liang Mengna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of streaming media technology, more and more people have begun to watch films on streaming websites. However, it has been noted that some of them are streaming unauthorized content, which has posed a major challenge to the entertainment sector's traditional business model. Against this background, legal issues arising from the streaming of media online is an area of huge current interest, one issue being the exact liability of providers and users of streaming services and whether they are infringing on the reproduction right of the copyright holders. Since the liability of platforms has been extensively discussed in the academic literature, in this article we mainly focus on the liability of users who stream unauthorized works. To this end, the article analyses the reproduction act of streaming platform users under the UK and European Union approaches and examines Article 5(1) of the Information Society Directive in the context of streaming. In addition, we explore the liability of users who stream unauthorized content via virtual private network services.
Increased time sampling in an evolve‐and‐resequence experiment with outcrossing Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals multiple paths of adaptive change
Authors: Phillips Mark A. , Kutch Ian C. , Long Anthony D. , Burke Molly K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract“Evolve and resequence” (E&R) studies combine experimental evolution and whole‐genome sequencing to interrogate the genetics underlying adaptation. Due to ease of handling, E&R work with asexual organisms such as bacteria can employ optimized experimental design, with large experiments and many generations of selection. By contrast, E&R experiments with sexually reproducing organisms are more difficult to implement, and design parameters vary dramatically among studies. Thus, efforts have been made to assess how these differences, such as number of independent replicates, or size of experimental populations, impact inference. We add to this work by investigating the role of time sampling—the number of discrete time points sequence data are collected from evolving populations. Using data from an E&R experiment with outcrossing Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which populations were sequenced 17 times over ~540 generations, we address the following questions: (a) Do more time points improve the ability to identify candidate regions underlying selection? And (b) does high‐resolution sampling provide unique insight into evolutionary processes driving adaptation? We find that while time sampling does not improve the ability to identify candidate regions, high‐resolution sampling does provide valuable opportunities to characterize evolutionary dynamics. Increased time sampling reveals three distinct trajectories for adaptive alleles: one consistent with classic population genetic theory (i.e., models assuming constant selection coefficients), and two where trajectories suggest more context‐dependent responses (i.e., models involving dynamic selection coefficients). We conclude that while time sampling has limited impact on candidate region identification, sampling eight or more time points has clear benefits for studying complex evolutionary dynamics.
Attitudes toward telemedicine of patients with Parkinson’s disease during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kurihara Kanako , Nagaki Koichi , Inoue Kotoe , Yamamoto Sumiko , Mishima Takayasu , Fujioka Shinsuke , Ouma Shinji , Tsuboi Yoshio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 had spread all over the world by the end of 2019. In Japan, the government declared a state of emergency in March 2020. Although no study has reported it in detail, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) can be vulnerable to COVID‐19, because they have poor respiratory excursion. Telemedicine is a very effective way of reducing the risk of COVID‐19 infection, as well as reducing the physical, economic, and psychological burden on patients.AimTo evaluate PD patients’ inclinations to use telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic, because the start of telemedicine in our hospital was being considered.MethodsThe subjects were 103 PD patients who visited Fukuoka University Hospital between April 1 and May 8, 2020. These patients completed a 15‐item questionnaire survey about telemedicine.ResultsA majority of the patients were aware of the availability of telemedicine (77%) and were inclined to use it (60%). Credit card users (P < .001), smartphone users (P = .006), and those who lived in a region distant from the hospital (P = .006) were significantly inclined to use telemedicine.ConclusionIn this study, there was an inclination to use telemedicine in a majority of patients with PD during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We believe that the introduction of telemedicine has a multitude of advantages during the pandemic period and beyond.
Blood eosinophil count as predictor of asthma exacerbation. A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mallah Narmeen , Rodriguez‐Segade Santiago , Gonzalez‐Barcala Francisco‐Javier , Takkouche Bahi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence about the association of high blood eosinophil count with asthma exacerbation is inconsistent and unclear. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to determine whether elevated blood eosinophil count predicts asthma exacerbation.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and additional databases, without any language restriction. We also checked the reference lists of the included studies and of relevant systematic reviews. The main outcome was the occurrence of asthma exacerbation. We calculated global pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and performed predefined subgroup analyses. We appraised the quality of the studies using Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, examined the heterogeneity between studies, assessed publication bias, and carried out sensitivity analyses.ResultsAmong 1567 retrieved publications, 23 observational studies comprising 155,772 participants met the inclusion criteria. High blood eosinophil count was associated with higher odds of asthma exacerbation [OR: 1.31 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.49)], specifically with asthma‐related outpatient visits [OR: 1.46 (95% CI: 1.25, 1.70)] and emergency department visits [OR: 1.63 (95% CI: 1.29, 2.07)]. A significant association was observed starting from an eosinophils’ cutoff value of 200 cells/μl. The association was observed for cohort studies [OR: 1.30 (95%CI: 1.13, 1.49)], North American studies [OR: 1.43 (95%CI: 1.31, 1.57)], Asian populations [OR: 1.67 (95%CI: 1.34, 2.08)], children [OR: 1.38 (95%CI: 1.22, 1.56)], and studies that adjusted for inhaled corticosteroids therapy [OR: 1.42 (95%CI: 1.28, 1.56)].ConclusionsBlood eosinophil counts ≥ 200 cells/µL are associated with asthma exacerbation. Blood eosinophil count is a modifiable factor that could be addressed in asthma management strategies.
New Parties, Fractionalization, and the Increasing Duration of Government Formation Processes in the EU Member States
Authors: Morini Marco , Cilento Marco 
Published: November 2020

In the last decade, several new parties gained representation in the EU member countries, contributing to additional polarization and fragmentation. This also affected the transfer of power from one government to the next, a period that is sometimes characterized by long negotiations where party leaders bargain over the composition and policy objectives of a new cabinet. Analyzing data for the 28 EU countries, this article shows that since 2008 the time for government formation has noticeably increased in most of the EU countries and, in line with the relevant literature, the index of fractionalization (effective number of parliamentary parties) is its best predictor. We did not find, however, a significant correlation between the electoral success of new parties and increases in the duration of cabinet bargaining.Related ArticlesKostadinova, Tatiana, and Petia Kostadinova. 2016. “Party Promises, Voter Understanding, and Mandate Responsiveness in East European Politics.”Politics & Policy44 (1): 5‐34.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12145Millard, Frances. 2009. “Poland: Parties without a Party System, 1991‐2008.”Politics & Policy37 (4): 781‐798.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00198.xPasquino, Gianfranco. 2014. “Italy: The Triumph of Personalist Parties.”Politics & Policy42 (4): 548‐566.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12079
The Leontief Paradox Redux
Authors: Kiyota Kozo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractShortly after Edward E. Leamer found that the Leontief Paradox was based on a simple conceptual misunderstanding in 1980, Richard A. Brecher and Ehsan U. Choudhri in their 1982 article argued that the fact that the United States exported labor services was, in itself, paradoxical because it is true if and only if its per capita consumption is less than the world average. Surprisingly, however, no formal answer to this paradox has been provided for nearly four decades. This paper revisits this paradox and formally shows that the paradox can be resolved if the Heckscher–Ohlin–Vanek model takes into account technology differences across countries and trade imbalance. In contrast, the paradox cannot be resolved even if the analysis takes into account quasi‐homothetic preferences, the Armington home bias, or offshoring.