bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do You Solve a Problem Like Marcus Agrippa?
Authors: Tan James 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter offers a reconsideration of Agrippa, usually seen as the “right-hand man” of Augustus. Traditional republican culture demanded that a victor of Agrippa’s accomplishments had to earn the highest stature, but only the most extraordinary honors could reflect Agrippa’s achievements. Much like Cn. Pompeius Magnus before him, he embraced this path, advertising his exceptionalism by declining conventional honors and pursuing extraordinary ones, yet also ostentatiously avoiding the sort of solipsistic ambition that had led to civil war in the past. The promotion of Agrippa to someone of unprecedented excellence also worked well for Augustus. By elevating the independent status of his partner, he increased the value of Agrippa’s endorsement of the status quo.
Shields of Virtue(s)
Authors: Welch Kathryn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 27 bce, the Senate and People of Rome awarded Augustus a golden shield (clupeus) celebrating his moral qualities. In his Res Gestae, Augustus associated the shield with the almost-contemporary award of the corona civica, even though a different entity (the SPQR) awarded it and it was designed for a different setting (the curia). A copy of the shield from Arles, dated to 26 bce, indicates that he also adjusted the dedicatory inscription, smoothing over the exclusion of familial pietas from the list. In specifying duty toward the community instead, the senators wanted to convey their own message of what Augustus’ principatus should look like. Only later was the clupeus associated with the more monarchical princeps-as-savior message of the corona civica.
Inventing the Imperial Senate
Authors: Russell Amy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Senate under Augustus was a strikingly different institution from the one known from Cicero. It became one of the pillars of the regime, allowing Augustus to lay claim to a rhetoric of continuity and legitimacy he could not have achieved in any other way. But there was a fundamental change in the way senators themselves saw their role, and the relationship Rome’s political, economic, and social elite had to senatorhood more broadly. This chapter explores how the Senate itself became largely cooperative rather than competitive, and developed a new corporate personality. This shift fed into many of Augustus’ own goals, but it also represented a rational response by the senators to their new reality.
Harming vs. Trying
Authors: Fletcher George P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter assesses whether the codification of criminal attempts in a statutory regime that emphasizes completed crimes with consequences to personal or property interests is appropriate. A quick look at the four crimes within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC), as described by the Rome Statute, reveals that they are about concrete harming: killing, torture, rape, and invasion. Some of the sub-crimes within these categories address completed actions even though the harm is less tangible. However, attempts are one form of inchoate offense, that is, offenses that fall short of causing the harm or engendering the victimhood that would come with the completed offense. The problem is always how much the actor must do on the spectrum—from thought through the various stages of action to the final result of causing harm or instantiating the required “consequence” of the completed offenses.
The Coordinators
Authors: Mukherjee Anit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines jointness—defined as the ability of the three services (army, air force, and navy) to operate together. It is informed by the widely held assumptions that jointness enhances military effectiveness but also requires civilian intervention. It chiefly argues that the single-service approach is still prevalent in India and that there has been an “incomplete transition” to jointness. This is primarily because of a lack of forceful and informed civilian intervention. The absent dialogue perfectly describes civil–military interaction on this issue. While making these claims, the chapter examines jointness in five major wars—the 1962 China war, the 1965 and 1971 India–Pakistan wars, the military intervention in Sri Lanka in the 1980s, and the 1999 Kargil war. It concludes by explaining why civilians have not intervened more forcefully on this issue.
An “In-House” Affair
Authors: Mukherjee Anit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
While examining professional military education (PME) in the Indian military, this chapter makes three main arguments. First, informed civilian intervention is crucial for an effective system of PME. Such intervention is important for enforcing jointness, emphasizing education over training, and creating a role for civilian academics. Second, this type of intervention has not happened in India, and PME remains almost exclusively in the military’s domain. Third, India’s unique pattern of civil–military relations, the absent dialogue argument, has accentuated weaknesses in its PME. Hindered by a lack of expertise and the norm in civil–military relations, civilians do not actively shape PME. In making these arguments, the chapter describes the history of PME, highlighting the lack of civilian participation and the weaknesses therein.
Introduction
Authors: Auyero Javier , Sobering Katherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The introduction begins with the story of Carolina, a mother who struggles with her son’s addiction to paco, a cheap and pernicious drug that is increasingly common in the poor neighborhood where she lives. In describing her plight, Carolina articulates what constitutes the empirical object of this book: the illicit collaboration between police and drug dealers. The remainder of this chapter sets up the focus on not only overt and visible state interventions, but also the clandestine, hidden relations that structure life at the urban margins. To do so, it introduces the book’s unique combination of data: ethnographic evidence in a poor neighborhood combined with an original legal archive of court cases and, in particular, highly revealing wiretapped phone conversations between drug market actors and agents of the state. It concludes with an overview of the book and a note on the ethics of studying poverty and violence.
Collusion and Legal Cynicism
Authors: Auyero Javier , Sobering Katherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Residents in Arquitecto Tucci believe that the police are part of their problems in their neighborhood. Continuing the thick description of everyday life in Arquitecto Tucci, this chapter examines different expressions of the shared belief that police officers are seen not only as abusive and extortive but also as actively complicit with criminals. It finds that suspicions of collusion have bred a deep collective distrust in the police and contributed to a shared cynicism toward the law that pervades everyday life. It then shows how these attitudes constrain residents’ recourse against violence, finding that when they become the victims of crimes, residents do not call the police, but instead choose either not to act or to solve their problems through alternative channels or collective action.
Establishing the “Arreglo”
Authors: Auyero Javier , Sobering Katherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
How do clandestine relationships emerge between police agents and drug dealers? Drawing on documentary evidence, this chapter examines the “foundational negotiations” of these arrangements or “arreglos.” It then reconstructs the case of Los Vagones, an organization that sells drugs in the slums outside Buenos Aires, detailing how it not only pays its police contacts for protection but also engages in the regular exchange of goods and information to evade prosecution. Through a rich description of these clandestine interactions, it shows how relationships of collusion evolve and power dynamics shift over time.
Competition, Retaliation, and Violence
Authors: Auyero Javier , Sobering Katherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter begins conceptualizing the relational dynamics of collusion, outlining the resources, practices, and processes that sustain the clandestine relationships between police officers and drug market participants. The identification and description of these resources, practices, and processes underscore both the negotiated and provisional character of the clandestine interpersonal transactions, their impact on daily violence, and the ambivalent character of state action. The chapter reconstructs the case of Los Monos, an infamous drug market organization that relies on its contacts with police to navigate its competition, engage in retaliation, and direct its use of violence.
Introduction
Authors: Sweet Bridget 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The book describes voice change as a whole-body experience for adolescents, both female and male, which, while not always easy, should not scare music teachers away from working with adolescent singers. Many aspects of adolescent voice change are addressed throughout this book, but there may be exceptions to what is discussed. Everyone has an endocrine system that contains glands to produce hormones, but this system is sometimes influenced or disrupted by biological makeup, environmental conditions, or malnourishment; in addition, some people are diagnosed with atypical chromosomal structures. As a result, it is acknowledged that not every person on the planet does, in fact, experience a voice change. The focus of Thinking Outside the Voice Box remains on adolescent females and males who are engaged in the singing process and experiencing symptoms and expectations of a “typical” adolescent voice change.
Anatomy and Physiology
Authors: Sweet Bridget 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The chapter describes how an understanding of the way the voice operates can empower both female and male adolescent singers as well as the teachers assisting them through the voice change process. It unpacks basic vocal anatomy and physiology, and then overlays physiological transformations that occur in the larynx during female and male voice change. A special section addresses the impact of hormones on the adolescent voice (especially for females) and promotes awareness of premenstrual vocal syndrome. The chapter encourages music educators to frequently discuss and reference vocal anatomy and physiology with adolescent singers in order to demystify vocal challenges and dispel myths and misunderstandings about how the voice and body function.
Emerging Considerations
Authors: Sweet Bridget 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The chapter discusses emerging considerations of adolescent voice change beyond classification systems and provides new food for thought about working with the adolescent changing voice. A section of the chapter specifically addresses female singers, for while it is common to have more females than males in choral programs, enrollment numbers do not ensure that choral programs are meeting females’ musical, developmental, and personal needs. In addition, discussion of the documentary Riot Acts provides insight into voice change from the perspective of professional musicians who identify as transgender. The chapter ends with ideas for working with changing voices, especially with regard to approaching choral repertoire.
Introduction
Authors: Goldschmitt K. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This Introduction elaborates the theoretical frameworks that shape the book, with a focus on meeting points of mediation, attention, and branding. It features a critique of prevailing discourses of listener attention and distraction in popular music studies in favor of relational and trans-human conceptions of attention, which are more appropriate for a study that interrogates mediation processes. It points to the long history of US and British interference in Brazilian politics and situates the present study through a transnational framework. It outlines the historical connection between Brazil’s myth of racial democracy and the perpetuation of racial stereotypes in the country’s brand. The Introduction also outlines the chapters in the rest of the book.
Copying the Bossa Nova
Authors: Goldschmitt K. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the initial proliferation of bossa nova in the United States and United Kingdom in the early 1960s, primarily as a jazz and dance fad. By using material culled from top English-language periodicals of the era, it traces the popularity of bossa nova in the United States from its adoption by jazz musicians in the early 1960s, the invention of a dance to accompany the musical trend, and the ultimate rejection of bossa nova by purists in the jazz press. It also shows how the style’s initial popularity was partially due to the divisive racial politics that had overtaken jazz in that era, allowing the Otherness of bossa nova to temporarily offer an alternative for jazz musicians and fans.
From Fusion to Funk
Authors: Goldschmitt K. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates how Brazilian musicians adjusted their approach to appealing to audiences in the United States and the United Kingdom once the Brazilian military dictatorship descended into the “Leaden Years.” Many Brazilian musicians sought to affiliate themselves with sounds that more directly linked them to the African diaspora and the Otherness of Brazilian indigeneity. Drawing on the coverage of this music in major music periodicals of the era, it shows the ways that attention to Brazilian music changed after the height of bossa nova. It features close discussions of the penetration of Brazilian musicians into the jazz fusion and funk scenes, including analyses of landmark recordings by Milton Nascimento, Sérgio Mendes, Airto Moreira, Flora Purim, and Deodato.
Brazilian Music as World Music in the Late 1980s
Authors: Goldschmitt K. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of Brazilian music within a “world music” framework, through the influence of music compilations in contrast with attempts to market a short-lived world dance craze (lambada), and through the participation of Margareth Menezes in a high-profile international tour. These musical phenomena owed their heightened prominence to contact between Brazilians and enterprising outsiders in Brazil, especially in the state of Bahia. Brazil’s international musical brand would be linked either to the kinds of music that US-based rock and pop musicians tapped in their effort to revitalize their sound, or to specialist record labels compiled to meet the rising demands of the market. Through these contrasting examples, the chapter historicizes the emergence of “world music” as a marketing genre and subject of scholarly inquiry.
Islam in Malaysia
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Islam has maintained its presence in Malaysia for over a millennium, giving rise to highly pluralized and complex communities. In this richly textured portrait, Khairudin Aljunied explores the overlapping waves of Islamization and conversion in Malaysia across ten centuries, through the Hindu-Buddhist period, the age of Muslim kingdoms, the colonial interregnum, and the contemporary era. The book offers a new approach to studying Malaysian Islam—entwined history—that will be useful for scholars specializing in historical Islam in other contexts. It is an approach that considers how states and societies, scholars and ordinary Muslims, and, more crucially, non-Muslims have all contributed to the embedding of Islam in the everyday lives of Malaysians. Providing a gripping and sophisticated account of these various driving forces, Aljunied also explores the roles of global movements and currents of thought, offering perceptive insights into how local actors appropriated and reinterpreted a world religion to suit their unique customs and circumstances. Islam in Malaysia: An Entwined History is at once an original and an authoritative take on the manner in which Islam has been infused, lived, expressed, enforced, and debated in one of the world’s most developed Muslim-dominated nations.
Refugee Mothers Raising Children Born of Sexual Violence in Dutch Society
Authors: Anderson Kimberley , van Ee Elisa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The physical and psychological repercussions of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) against women are long-lasting and far-reaching, and it is by no accident that CRSV is now widely referred to as a “weapon of war.” Many women conceive a child as a result of CRSV, but due to long-standing customs and traditions in some conservative societies surrounding gender roles and sexuality, these mothers and children are highly stigmatized. Often in these situations, fleeing is the only option for them. Countries such as the Netherlands that host asylum seekers and refugees and provide psychological support are faced with the challenging task of addressing the intricate needs of mothers and children born of sexual violence. This chapter discusses the victimhood of these dyads, the challenges they face, and future directions for providing optimal care and treatment.
Rape as a Weapon of War in Myanmar/Burma
Authors: Oatman Annalise , Majewski Kate 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the conflict in Myanmar and its historical development as an example of the way that rape is wielded as a weapon of war. It also provides a discussion of advocacy for the ethnic minority women of Myanmar at the grassroots, national, and international levels. It reviews statistics on conflict-related rape and theories regarding the social and political forces driving it. It examines the political history of Myanmar and the status of Myanmarese women. It also discusses the way that current conditions have set the stage for conflict-related rape in Myanmar and data on its prevalence. It discusses the extradition of the rapist of a 7-year-old girl, Myanmarese grassroots efforts to address this issue, and international proposals for reform. In addition, it discusses the way that the “legal culture” of a nation can get in the way of the enactment of international legislation.
Domestic Violence in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Childress Saltanat , Aparicio Elizabeth M. , Messing Jill T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter is based on the stories of 16 women residing in a domestic violence shelter in Kyrgyzstan. It examines the experiences of these women with regard to domestic violence and help-seeking, focusing on their strength and resilience in searching for ways to find safety, voice, and empowerment. The chapter deconstructs the myths and cultural biases that seem to encourage or support violence, and it discusses how cultural and societal beliefs influence this violence and serve as a deterrent to help-seeking. The chapter disentangles these different myths from the viewpoint of the status of daughter-in-law and the role of mother-in-law in the Kyrgyz society, and it discusses how traditional norms and attitudes are used to justify and perpetuate abuse. It presents women’s ideas for helping and empowering other women, their outlook and lessons learned, and discusses potential entry points and pathways for change.
Dating Violence in China
Authors: Wang Xiying 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dating violence is aggressive behavior that occurs in intimate dating relationships; it includes physical assault, verbal and psychological aggression, and sexual coercion. This chapter discusses the issue of dating violence globally, with a focus on China. The chapter first presents a case of date rape. It then describes the prevalence of dating violence locally and globally and discusses the risk factors and protective factors. Next, it highlights how transnational feminism is adopted to understand the phenomenon. The chapter situates dating violence in China in the historical trends of women’s movement and violence research. The chapter deconstructs the current myths regarding dating violence and illustrates the current creative advocacy and activism among Chinese young people.
The US Military–Prostitution Complex, Patriarchy, and Masculinity
Authors: Weiss Eugenia L. , Enrile Annalisa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The US military–prostitution complex is a form of institutionalized sexual exploitation of women around American bases located worldwide. From the historical World War II “comfort women” in Japan to the Korean War “camptowns” used for service members’ rest and recreation and the current phenomena of global sex tourism and sex trafficking, the US military has played a role in not only imperialism and attempts at global domination but also the objectification of women. A feminist transnational perspective renders the patriarchy and hypermasculine military culture that involves an “othering” of women and examines the abuse of power in gender relations from an international and militaristic lens. Women, regardless of social and economic status, race/ethnicity, or nationality, can empower themselves to take action through various grassroots network organizations to resist militarism in its various forms, advocate for equity, and promote justice for women and girls worldwide.
The Inclusion Calculation
Authors: Valdini Melody E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Power-holders and gate-keepers in political parties and governments continue to be primarily men. How are they responding to the increasing numbers of women who are seeking leadership roles in politics? Are they angels who embrace equality and fling open the doors to power? Are they devils who block women at every turn? Are they powerless against the increasing tide of feminism and inadvertently succumbing to the push for power from women? Most likely, these male elites are primarily concerned with maintaining their own power, which drives their reaction to women’s political inclusion. The Inclusion Calculation examines women’s inclusion from the perspective of men in power and offers a novel approach to understanding differences in women’s descriptive representation. The book argues that with declining legitimacy it is valuable for male elites to “strategically feminize,” associating themselves or their party with women, because citizens will interpret the increased presence of women as meaning that the party or government is becoming more honest, cooperative, and democratic. Using a combination of case studies from Latin America, Europe, and Africa, as well as large-N analyses, the book provides evidence that male elites are more likely to increase the number of women candidates on party lists or adopt a gender quota when “feminizing” is advantageous to the political careers of men. Women’s exclusion from government, then, is not a product of their own lack of effort or ability but rather a rational action of men in power to keep their power.
Plan of the Book
Authors: McComas Alan J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the central themes of this book, which revolve around the science of consciousness. It first outlines the intended audience for this work, which can range from newcomers to the field to those interested in the development of neuroscience. Thereafter, this chapter briefly outlines the key topics to be covered under the umbrella of the science of consciousness, including animal behaviors, the intricacies of the nervous system, consciousness research, and technological breakthroughs in the field. Each of these topics are briefly touched upon. Finally, this chapter concludes with some final remarks emphasizing the people-oriented nature of the discussion this book entails.