bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal interactions between tumour cell populations enhance growth and reduce radiation sensitivity in prostate cancer
Authors: Paczkowski Marcin , Kretzschmar Warren W. , Markelc Bostjan , Liu Stanley K. , Kunz-Schughart Leoni A. , Harris Adrian L. , Partridge Mike , Byrne Helen M. , Kannan Pavitra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntratumoural heterogeneity (ITH) contributes to local recurrence following radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Recent studies also show that ecological interactions between heterogeneous tumour cell populations can lead to resistance in chemotherapy. Here, we evaluated whether interactions between heterogenous populations could impact growth and response to radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Using mixed 3D cultures of parental and radioresistant populations from two prostate cancer cell lines and a predator-prey mathematical model to investigate various types of ecological interactions, we show that reciprocal interactions between heterogeneous populations enhance overall growth and reduce radiation sensitivity. The type of interaction influences the time of regrowth after radiation, and, at the population level, alters the survival and cell cycle of each population without eliminating either one. These interactions can arise from oxygen constraints and from cellular cross-talk that alter the tumour microenvironment. These findings suggest that ecological-type interactions are important in radiation response and could be targeted to reduce local recurrence.
Temperature modulates stress response in mainstream anammox reactors
Authors: Niederdorfer Robert , Hausherr Damian , Palomo Alejandro , Wei Jing , Magyar Paul , Smets Barth F. , Joss Adriano , Bürgmann Helmut 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutotrophic nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment. However, full-scale deployment under mainstream conditions remains challenging for practitioners due to the high stress susceptibility of anammox bacteria towards fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature. Here, we investigated the response of microbial biofilms with verified anammox activity to DO shocks under 20 °C and 14 °C. While pulse disturbances of 0.3 mg L−1 DO prompted only moderate declines in the NH4+ removal rates, 1.0 mg L−1 DO led to complete but reversible inhibition of the NH4+ removal activity in all reactors. Genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to investigate the stress response on various biological levels. We show that temperature regime and strength of DO perturbations induced divergent responses from the process level down to the transcriptional profile of individual taxa. Community-wide gene expression differed significantly depending on the temperature regime in all reactors, and we found a noticeable impact of DO disturbances on genes involved in transcription, translation, replication and posttranslational modification at 20 °C but not 14 °C. Genome-centric analysis revealed that different anammox species and other key biofilm taxa differed in their transcriptional responses to distinct temperature regimes and DO disturbances.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals sex determination and liver high-fat storage mechanisms of yellowstripe goby (Mugilogobius chulae)
Authors: Cai Lei , Liu Guocheng , Wei Yuanzheng , Zhu Yabing , Li Jianjun , Miao Zongyu , Chen Meili , Yue Zhen , Yu Lujun , Dong Zhensheng , Ye Huixin , Sun Wenjing , Huang Ren 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a promising novel marine fish model for future research on marine ecotoxicology as well as an animal model of human disease, the genome information of yellowstripe goby (Mugilogobius chulae) remains unknown. Here we report the first annotated chromosome-level reference genome assembly for yellowstripe goby. A 20.67-cM sex determination region was discovered on chromosome 5 and seven potential sex-determining genes were identified. Based on combined genome and transcriptome data, we identified three key lipid metabolic pathways for high-fat accumulation in the liver of yellowstripe goby. The changes in the expression patterns of MGLL and CPT1 at different development stage of the liver, and the expansion of the ABCA1 gene, innate immune gene TLR23, and TRIM family genes may help in balancing high-fat storage in hepatocytes and steatohepatitis. These results may provide insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and high-fat storage in the liver of marine fishes.
Integrated molecular characterisation of the MAPK pathways in human cancers reveals pharmacologically vulnerable mutations and gene dependencies
Authors: Sinkala Musalula , Nkhoma Panji , Mulder Nicola , Martin Darren Patrick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are crucial regulators of the cellular processes that fuel the malignant transformation of normal cells. The molecular aberrations which lead to cancer involve mutations in, and transcription variations of, various MAPK pathway genes. Here, we examine the genome sequences of 40,848 patient-derived tumours representing 101 distinct human cancers to identify cancer-associated mutations in MAPK signalling pathway genes. We show that patients with tumours that have mutations within genes of the ERK-1/2 pathway, the p38 pathways, or multiple MAPK pathway modules, tend to have worse disease outcomes than patients with tumours that have no mutations within the MAPK pathways genes. Furthermore, by integrating information extracted from various large-scale molecular datasets, we expose the relationship between the fitness of cancer cells after CRISPR mediated gene knockout of MAPK pathway genes, and their dose-responses to MAPK pathway inhibitors. Besides providing new insights into MAPK pathways, we unearth vulnerabilities in specific pathway genes that are reflected in the re sponses of cancer cells to MAPK targeting drugs: a revelation with great potential for guiding the development of innovative therapies.
Magnetotransport of dirty-limit van Hove singularity quasiparticles
Authors: Xu Yang , Herman František , Granata Veronica , Destraz Daniel , Das Lakshmi , Vonka Jakub , Gerber Simon , Spring Jonathan , Gibert Marta , Schilling Andreas , Zhang Xiaofu , Li Shiyan , Fittipaldi Rosalba , Fischer Mark H. , Vecchione Antonio , Chang Johan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTuning of electronic density-of-states singularities is a common route to unconventional metal physics. Conceptually, van Hove singularities are realized only in clean two-dimensional systems. Little attention has therefore been given to the disordered (dirty) limit. Here, we provide a magnetotransport study of the dirty metamagnetic system calcium-doped strontium ruthenate. Fermi liquid properties persist across the metamagnetic transition, but with an unusually strong variation of the Kadowaki-Woods ratio. This is revealed by a strong decoupling of inelastic electron scattering and electronic mass inferred from density-of-state probes. We discuss this Fermi liquid behavior in terms of a magnetic field tunable van Hove singularity in the presence of disorder. More generally, we show how dimensionality and disorder control the fate of transport properties across metamagnetic transitions.
Inert-living matter, when cells and beads play together
Authors: Nagarajan Usharani , Beaune Grégory , Lam Andy Y. W. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez David , Winnik Françoise M. , Brochard-Wyart Françoise 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile both active and granular matter have been extensively studied, here we investigate what happens when we mix the two of them, in a model system combining microparticles and cell assemblies. On a substrate covered with polystyrene or silica microparticles, we notice two regimes in the spreading of a cell aggregate: light particles are pushed by the cells and form a ring, which bonds to the substrate by adhesion forces that oppose spreading, while for heavy particles, the cell monolayer spreads above the particle bed. In both cases, cell activity is transmitted to inert beads, leading to the formation of cell-microparticle aggregates, which flicker and diffuse. We then study the formation and the spreading of hybrid aggregates of microparticles and living cells and observe phase separations and jamming transitions. Our study may have implications on processes such as cancer metastasis and development, and may guide cancer therapies based on inert particles.
Large characteristic lengths in 3D chiral elastic metamaterials
Authors: Frenzel Tobias , Hahn Vincent , Ziemke Patrick , Schneider Jonathan Ludwig Günter , Chen Yi , Kiefer Pascal , Gumbsch Peter , Wegener Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) chiral mechanical metamaterials enable behaviors not accessible in ordinary materials. In particular, a coupling between displacements and rotations can occur, which is symmetry-forbidden without chirality. In this work, we solve three open challenges of chiral metamaterials. First, we provide a simple analytical model, which we use to rationalize the design of the chiral characteristic length. Second, using rapid multi-photon multi-focus 3D laser microprinting, we manufacture samples with more than 105 micrometer-sized 3D chiral unit cells. This number surpasses previous work by more than two orders of magnitude. Third, using analytical and numerical modeling, we realize chiral characteristic lengths of the order of ten unit cells, changing the sample-size dependence qualitatively and quantitatively. In the small-sample limit, the twist per axial strain is initially proportional to the sample side length, reaching a maximum at the characteristic length. In the thermodynamic limit, the twist per axial strain is proportional to the square of the characteristic length. We show that chiral micropolar continuum elasticity can reproduce this behavior.
Microstructural degradation during the storage of biomass pellets
Authors: Cutz Luis , Tiringer Urša , Gilvari Hamid , Schott Dingena , Mol Arjan , de Jong Wiebren 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of biomass pellets as a source of renewable energy has increased in recent times. However, pellet storage during transportation can compromise their properties, due to fluctuating temperature and humid environments. Here, we show that extended storage of one month at 40 °C and 85% relative humidity causes significant biomass pellet degradation. This was evidenced by higher pellet porosity, weight gain, increased inclusion body formation and creation of an internal network of cracks. We quantify the inclusion and pore growth processes at the surface and within the pellets, which has implications for subsequent thermochemical conversion. The global bioenergy transition may depend upon biomass pellets, and this study shows that storage conditions are critical in the supply chain, so to maintain their quality. Without the development of stronger policies to avoid premature degradation of biomass pellets, they may not realize their full potential as a bioenergy source.
Impact of orbitally-driven seasonal insolation changes on Afro-Asian summer monsoons through the Holocene
Authors: Wu Chi-Hua , Tsai Pei-Chia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding what drives a shift of the Afro–Asian summer monsoons from the continents to oceanic regions provides valuable insight into climate dynamics, changes, and modeling. Here we use data–model synthesis to focus on the differential seasonal responses of solar insolation and monsoons to orbital changes in the Holocene. We observe coordinated and stepwise seasonal evolution of summer monsoons across the mid-Holocene, suggesting the strengthening of the midlatitude jet stream as a bridge in the upper troposphere. Prior to the mid-Holocene, insolation had decreased considerably in early summer; the continental monsoons migrated southeastward, which corresponded to a more pronounced rainy season in coastal East Asia. In late summer, insolation did not decrease until the mid-Holocene. The continued weakening of the continental monsoons, combined with weakened insolation, rapidly enhanced the intrinsic dynamics over East Asia–Western North Pacific and accelerated a large-scale migration of the monsoon, suggesting orbital control of seasonal diversity.
The radius of the umbrella cloud helps characterize large explosive volcanic eruptions
Authors: Constantinescu Robert , Hopulele-Gligor Aurelian , Connor Charles B. , Bonadonna Costanza , Connor Laura J. , Lindsay Jan M. , Charbonnier Sylvain , Volentik Alain C. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEruption source parameters (in particular erupted volume and column height) are used by volcanologists to inform volcanic hazard assessments and to classify explosive volcanic eruptions. Estimations of source parameters are associated with large uncertainties due to various factors, including complex tephra sedimentation patterns from gravitationally spreading umbrella clouds. We modify an advection-diffusion model to investigate this effect. Using this model, source parameters for the climactic phase of the 2450 BP eruption of Pululagua, Ecuador, are different with respect to previous estimates (erupted mass: 1.5–5 × 1011 kg, umbrella cloud radius: 10–14 km, plume height: 20–30 km). We suggest large explosive eruptions are better classified by volume and umbrella cloud radius instead of volume or column height alone. Volume and umbrella cloud radius can be successfully estimated from deposit data using one numerical model when direct observations (e.g., satellite images) are not available.
0D ultrafine ruthenium quantum dot decorated 3D porous graphitic carbon nitride with efficient charge separation and appropriate hydrogen adsorption capacity for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: An Pengfei , Zhu Weihao , Qiao Luying , Sun Shichao , Xu Yuyan , Jiang Deli , Chen Min , Meng Suci 
Published: January 2021

Ultrafine Ru quantum dot decorated 3D porous g-C3N4 (U-Ru/3DpCN) photocatalysts were prepared. The optimal photocatalyst U-1Ru/3DpCN achieves an excellent H2 evolution of 2945.47 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible light with a high AQE of 9.5% at 420 nm.
LncRNA NEAT1 promotes glioma cancer progression via regulation of miR-98-5p/BZW1
Authors: Li Yabin , Wang Xirui , Zhao Zhihuang , Shang Jinxing , Li Gang , Zhang Ruijian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the human central nervous system. Long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) promotes oncogenesis in various tumors. In the present study, we aimed to examine the role of NEAT1 in altering the properties of gliomas.Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR technology was used to determine the expression levels of relevant genes in tumor tissues and cell lines. The protein expression levels were validated by Western blotting. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were used to test the cell proliferation ability. A luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the interactions of the genes. Tumor xenografts were used to detect the role of NEAT1 in gliomas in vivo.Results: We demonstrated that NEAT1 up-regulated glioma cells and negatively correlated with miR-98-5p in glioma tissues. A potential binding region between NEAT1 and miR-98-5p was confirmed by dual-luciferase assays. NEAT1 knockdown inhibited glioma cell proliferation. The inhibition of miR-98-5p rescued the knockdown of NEAT1 in glioma cells. Basic leucine zipper and W2 domain containing protein 1 (BZW1) was identified as a direct target of miR-98-5p. We also identified that BZW1 was positively correlated with NEAT1 in glioma tissues. NEAT1 knockdown inhibited glioma cell proliferation in vivo via miR-98-5p/BZW1.Conclusion: Our results suggest that NEAT1 plays an oncogenic function in glioma progression. Targeting NEAT1/miR-98-5p/BZW1 may be a novel therapeutic treatment approach for glioma patients.
Prognostic value of Ki-67 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yulin , Yue Liang , Li Yanqing , Zhang Qinxiu , Liang Xin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The prognostic value of Ki-67 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was controversial according to previous studies. We aimed to clarify the association between K-67 expression and survival in NPC through meta-analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the potential prognostic effect of Ki-67 on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) in NPC. A total of 13 studies comprising 1314 NPC patients were included. High Ki-67 expression was associated with poor OS (hazard ratio [HR]= 2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.97–3.71, P&lt;0.001), DFS (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.49–2.50, P&lt;0.001), and LRFS (HR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.11–3.12, P=0.019). However, there was no significant association between Ki-67 and DMFS (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.78–2.38, P=0.270). Furthermore, the prognostic role of Ki-67 was maintained throughout different sample sizes, analyses of HR, and study designs for OS and DFS in various subgroups. Elevated Ki-67 expression is a reliable prognostic factor for poorer survival outcomes in NPC.
Changes in the expression and functional activities of Myosin II isoforms in human hyperplastic prostate
Authors: He Weixiang , Wang Xiao , Zhan Daxing , Li Mingzhou , Wang Qian , Liu Jianmin , Liu Daoquan , Fu Xun , Qian Qiaofeng , Li Yan , Chen Ping , Zeng Guang , Wang Xinghuan , DiSanto Michael E. , Zhang Xinhua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease among aging males with the etiology remaining unclear. We recently found myosin II was abundantly expressed in rat and cultured human prostate cells with permissive roles in the dynamic and static components. The present study aimed to explore the expression and functional activities of myosin II isoforms including smooth muscle (SM) myosin II (SMM II) and non-muscle myosin II (NMM II) in the hyperplastic prostate. Human prostate cell lines and tissues from normal human and BPH patients were used. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, immunohistochemical staining, in vitro organ bath, RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western-blotting were performed. We further created cell models with NMM II isoforms silenced and proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis of prostate cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Hyperplastic prostate SM expressed more SM1 and LC17b isoforms compared with their alternatively spliced counterparts, favoring a slower more tonic-type contraction and greater force generation. For BPH group, blebbistatin (BLEB, a selective myosin II inhibitor), exhibited a stronger effect on relaxing phenylephrine (PE) pre-contracted prostate strips and inhibiting PE-induced contraction. Additionally, NMMHC-A and NMMHC-B were up-regulated in hyperplastic prostate with no change in NMMHC-C. Knockdown of NMMHC-A or NMMHC-B inhibited prostate cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, with no changes in cell cycle. Our novel data demonstrate that expression and functional activities of myosin II isoforms are altered in human hyperplastic prostate, suggesting a new pathological mechanism for BPH. Thus, the myosin II system may provide potential new therapeutic targets for BPH/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Attentive generative adversarial network for removing thin cloud from a single remote sensing image
Authors: Chen Hui , Chen Rong , Li Nannan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLand‐surface observation is easily affected by the light transmission and scattering of semi‐transparent clouds, high or low, resulting in blurring and reduced contrast of ground objects. To improve the visual appearance of remote sensing images, the authors present a deep learning method for thin cloud removal using a new attentive generative adversarial network without prior knowledge or assumptions, which copes with thin clouds that are unevenly distributed on different images and learns the attention map with weighted information about spatial features. Such a spatial attention model can endow each pixel with the global spatial context information. Consequently, the generative network focuses on the thin cloud regions to generate better local image restoration, and the discriminative network can evaluate the local consistency of the repaired regions. The experimental results show that this method is superior to state‐of‐the‐art methods in recovering detailed texture information.
Evaluation principle and method of horizontal grounding electrode based on time‐varying impedance
Authors: Cao Xiaobin , Wei Ming , Wang Manxiang , Liu Jiacai , Li Ruifang , Yang Lin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe length of the horizontal grounding electrode is usually extended to decrease the impulse grounding resistance. In this paper, the mechanism for influencing the effective length is revealed by studying the dispersal process of a horizontal electrode and a method for determining the length is proposed. Firstly, the impulse current and the response voltage are measured at different positions. The results are used to analyse the time‐varying characteristics of the impedance in the dispersal process, the mechanism and the factors influencing the effective length. Furthermore, the current propagation process is divided into a wave head process and a wave tail process. The variation rule and influencing factors of the transient impedance are determined. The wave head impedance acts as a dynamic process from the injection impedance to the wave tail impedance, and the injection impedance is not affected by the length of the grounding electrode. The wave tail impedance is constant and is equal to the DC steady‐state impedance. It is proposed that the effective length is caused by two different dispersal processes and it is obtained when the tail impedance is equal to the impulse grounding resistance. These results are highly significant for optimizing the grounding device.
A new strategy for treatment of Anosmia and Ageusia in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Hosseini Asiyeh , Mirmahdi Esmaeil , Moghaddam Mina Akbari 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The sudden onset of smell and taste loss has been reported as a symptom related to COVID-19. There is new evidence for the loss of smell and taste as a symptom of COVID-19 infection. Objectives: This study aims to examine the influence of coffee on the smell and taste of patients with Covid-19. Methods: In order to investigate the effect of coffee consumption on the taste and smell of COVID-19 patients, we attempted to sample in 20 provinces of the country, COVID-19 patients were separated by gender and underlying and non-underlying disease, doses of 15–20 mg for non-underlying patients and 25–30 mg for underlying patients. The reason for determining this amount of coffee is that every coffee we want to prepare needs a scoop of 14 g of coffee, which we determine. For some people, it was determined 14 g and for some people 28 g of coffee was determined due to consumed in two cups of coffee. Results: Patients with COVID-19 had reversibility on the first and second day. It was clear that there is a small gap between the proportion of recovered patients in the underlying and non-underlying patients, but due to the high volume of observations, this small difference is evident. Discussion: The effectiveness time of coffee is debatable by prescribing its amount. The time efficiency of improving the sense of smell and taste with coffee consumption was lower in non-background patients than in patients. Conclusions: Anosmia and Ageusia are more prevalent in COVID-19 patients. Caffeine in coffee reduced the reversibility of the sense of smell and taste of people with COVID-19. It was concluded that the chances of recovery are higher for those who do not have the underlying disease than for the other groups and for those who suffer from all three types of the underlying disease than for the other groups.