bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femoropatellar Joint Reaction Detected During a 4486 KM Ultramarathon
with Mobile MRI
Authors: Schütz Uwe Hans-Werner , Brix Martin , Kiess Antje , Goed Sabine , Friedrich Klaus , Weber Michael , Messner Alina , Billich Christian , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlmost nothing is known about the condition of the knee joints of multistage
ultra-marathon (MSUM) runner. This is first image-based investigation of the
femoropatellar joint (FPJ) using a mobile 1.5T MRI accompanying the MSUM
TransEurope Foot-Race (TEFR) 64 stages over 4486 km. Twenty-two (20
male) subjects got a knee MRI-protocol at defined measurement intervals during
TEFR: T2*-mapping (FLASH T2*-GRE), TIRM, and fat saturated PD
-sequence. In the FPJ 12 different regions were evaluated regarding cartilage
T2* and thickness changes and cartilage lesions in course of TEFR and a
test on possible compounding factors (running burden, BMI, age) was done if
being appropriate. No significant changes in cartilage thickness- and
T2*-values were found during TEFR. In 8 runners, at least one single
cartilage lesion (Grade 2–3) was found at baseline, but no significant
race-related adjacent T2*-changes or progress of the defects could be
detected. Analyses on compounding factors were negative. In knees with MPP (5)
significantly lower adjacent T2*-values were found. The extreme running
burden of a MSUM seems not to have a relevant negative influence on the FPJ
tissues, even if cartilage lesions are present.
Safe and effective digestive endoscopic resection in patients with cirrhosis: a single-center experience
Authors: Miaglia Clothilde , Guillaud Olivier , Rivory Jérôme , Lépilliez Vincent , Chambon-Augoyard Christine , Hervieu Valérie , Ponchon Thierry , Dumortier Jérôme , Pioche Mathieu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Endoscopic resection has developed over the years. The main complications are perforation and bleeding. This study aimed to evaluate safety and effectiveness of digestive endoscopic resection in patients with cirrhosis.
Methods This retrospective, open-label, single-center study included all consecutive patients with cirrhosis who were admitted for endoscopic resection between 2009 and 2016. Safety, efficacy, and risk factors for delayed bleeding were analyzed.
Results 126 patients undergoing 164 procedures were included: 65 endoscopic resections (49 patients) in the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus 34, stomach 20, duodenum 11) and 99 in the lower gastrointestinal tract (77 patients). Mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 9.9 (standard deviation 4.5). Esophageal varices were present in 50 patients, and 21 patients had decompensated cirrhosis. The overall curative rate of endoscopic resection was 84.0 %. No patients died during 30-day follow-up. Immediate overall morbidity was 6.1 %, with two postoperative fevers and eight bleeds. Risk factors for delayed bleeding were duodenal location (P < 0.01), antiplatelet medication (P = 0.02), and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (P = 0.01) in univariate analysis. Duodenal location and lower GFR remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis, with respective odds ratios for bleeding of 52.12 and 1.04. No liver decompensation occurred after endoscopic resection.
Conclusions Endoscopic resection was safe and effective in patients with mild (Child – Pugh class A/B) cirrhosis, and should be proposed as a first option for treatment of superficial neoplasia. Additional data in patients with severe cirrhosis are needed to confirm the safety in this population.
Combination of Novel c.3484G> T/p.Glu162Ter Variant in ABCB11 and c.208G> A/p.Asp70Asn Variant in ATP8B1 Are Associated with Severe Symptoms in Progressive Family Intrahepatic Cholestasis
Authors: Bekdas Mervan , Can Guray , Eroz Recep , Duzcu Selma Erdogan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProgressive family intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is an autosomal recessive disease that causes chronic cholestasis. It is associated with pathogenic variants in genes that encode proteins involved in bile secretion to canaliculus from hepatocytes. In this study, we present a 16-year-old boy who presented with severe pruritus and cholestatic jaundice. All possible infectious etiologies were negative. A liver biopsy was consistent with intrahepatic cholestasis and portal fibrosis. DNA was isolated from a peripheral blood sample, and whole exome sequencing was performed. A novel c.3484G > T/p.Glu162Ter variant in the ABCB11 gene and a c.208G> A/p.Asp70Asn variant in the ATP8B1 gene were detected. Despite traditional treatment, the patient's recurrent severe symptoms did not improve. The patient was referred for a liver transplantation. This novel c.3484G > T/p.Glu162Ter variant is associated with a severe and recurrent presentation, and the two compound variants could explain the severity of PFIC.
Lymphatic Leakage after Surgery for Neuroblastoma: A Rare Complication?
Authors: Froeba-Pohl Alexandra , Muehling Jakob , Vill Katharina , Grote Veit , Komm Tim , Seitz Dorothee , Kappler Roland , von Schweinitz Dietrich 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in infancy. It is responsible for around 15% of all oncological deaths during childhood. Due to its retroperitoneal location, neuroblastoma is invasively growing directly in and around the lymphatic duct. Consecutively, lymphatic leakage (LL) after surgery for neuroblastoma is a known complication. The purpose of this study is the investigation of frequency and impact of this complication.
Material and Methods Between February 2003 and December 2016, 204 patients with neuroblastoma received surgical treatment in our department. A retrospective analysis for macroscopical extent of resection, duration of drainage postsurgery, maximum amount of fluid drained in 24 hours, MYCN amplification status, therapeutic options for LL, follow-up status, and overall survival was performed.
Results A total of 40% of patients (82/204) showed LL to some extent. In patients with MYCN amplification, LL was seen significantly more often than in patients without MYCN amplification status (p = 0.019). LL was also significantly correlated with extent of surgery (p = 0.005). Follow-up status and overall survival were significantly inversely associated with LL (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0001). LL was self-limiting in all cases. There was a trend toward shorter duration of LL if either no special therapy was chosen or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was administered (p = 0.0603).
Conclusion We show that LL in neuroblastoma is a common complication of tumor resection and occurring more often than anticipated. Since, in our study cohort, all cases of LL were self-limiting, we question the indication for invasive therapy besides supporting measures.
Opportunities and Challenges for Implementing Neurotrauma Prevention Program: A Practical Perspective for Developing Countries
Authors: Ghosh Amrita , Pal Ranabir , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Padilla-Zambrano Huber Said , Deora Harsh , Agrawal Amit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeurotrauma is an underestimated and less understood public health issue in low- and middle-income countries for which we need system-based approach to prevention plans. This study was initiated to find rationale of effective plan with projectile vision of neurotrauma prevention. In search of innovative ideas of neurotrauma prevention evidence was explored from the published literature research on traumatic brain injury. Evidence-based global guidelines on recommended content and scheduling on prevention of neurotrauma literature searches data were also synthesized and summarized from research in developed countries. Our study noted that a considerable number of victims of neurotrauma with death and disabilities put mammoth costs to the already compromised health systems of the low- and middle-income countries. We need systems-based four-pronged approach incorporating neurotrauma registry, neurotrauma surveillance, translational research programs, and current approved process for development of clinical guidelines for prevention.
Establishment, Functioning, Challenges, and One-Year Report of Uttar Pradesh’s First Apex Trauma Center
Authors: Gunjiganvi Mallikarjun , Rai Siddharth , Awale Rupali , Agarwal Amit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTrauma is a major public health problem across the world with significant morbidity and mortality. Broadly, it is a disease of middle-aged population and is assuming the status of an epidemic in the 21st century. Road traffic injuries are most common followed by railway injuries, industrial, farming, and domestic injuries, and many others in low- and middle-income countries. Severe traumatic brain injuries are the major proportion with concern for long-term cognitive impairment and high spinal cord injuries due to complete dependence. There is no comprehensive trauma care system covering all geography in India at present. The Government of India (GOI), in 2006, established Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, which is run by All India Institute of Medical Sciences at New Delhi as an apex center to provide quality care, training, research, and registry development. It acts as a role model center for the establishment of new centers and helps in upgradation of existing hospitals to provide quality care trauma services. To curb this epidemic of trauma, GOI envisioned National Trauma Care program during the 11th and 12th Five-Year Plans to strengthen the emergency facilities in government hospitals. Many new centers are coming up with various levels of trauma care across the country. Here we discuss the establishment, resources, initial challenges, trauma burden, and a year of report card of the Uttar Pradesh’s first Level I Apex Trauma Center of Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, established with a vision of providing state of the art Level I trauma care to the injured victims.
Neurointerventional Training for Neurosurgeons: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Rajpal Girish 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEndovascular therapy as any other specialty has continuously been developed since 1904, but acceptability among neurosurgeons remains low despite being other subspecialties and techniques, like endoscope and for that matter microscope also, being adopted very rapidly. From injecting particles for vascular lesions to balloons for fistulas and arteriovenous malformations and embolizing agents to detachable coils for aneurysm coiling, it has come a long way. Old generations of neurosurgeons used to perform carotid puncture for diagnosing mass lesions, but once CT/MRI came in to the picture, this procedure was stopped and handed over to radiologists. A debate continues among neurosurgeons about the feasibility of aneurysm coiling since international subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) and doubts about the long-term efficacy of this novel treatment cost a subspecialty. With the recent addition of endovascular treatment of stroke and long-term efficacy of endovascular treatment of aneurysm, there is a lot of debate among clinicians and nonclinicians about who will be the true heir of this sub specialty.
Neurotrauma at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar: An Overview
Authors: Dash Chinmaya , Satapathy Ayusman , Bansal Sumit , Sahu Rabi Narayan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhubaneswar was established as an Institution of National Importance through the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Amendment) Ordinance passed on July 16, 2012. It is estimated that road traffic accidents lead to economic loss to the tune of approximately 3% of gross domestic product. Centers of excellence for neurotrauma are the need of the hour, and the Indian Government is focusing on preventive and curative aspects of road traffic accidents to a great extent in the recent years. In this article, we would like to highlight the resources (manpower, infrastructure, etc.) available for neurotrauma, challenges ahead, and vision for the future.
Trauma Audit A retrospective analysis of all the admitted patients of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was performed from November 2018 to October 2019. A total of 149 patients were admitted during this period. Of the 149 admitted patients, 88 had mild TBI, 39 had moderate TBI, and 22 had severe TBI. The mortality was highest in patients with severe TBI, with 45.45% mortality. A total of 29 patients with traumatic spine injury were admitted during this period. Of the 29 patients, 10 had cervical spine injury, 10 had dorsal spine injury, and 9 had lumbar spine injury. Of all these patients, two patients with cervical spine injury died of refractory shock.
Perceived Limitations and Challenges Lack of dedicated round-the-clock emergency operating rooms (ORs) for neurosurgical procedures, adequate number of intensive care unit (ICU) beds, various gadgets in the ICU for neurocritical care, lack of rehabilitation facilities/center, lack of various OR gadgets, and lack of manpower, especially trained nursing staff, are the limitations perceived by us.
Vision for the Future A trauma block has been approved, and work on it has begun. This shall greatly help in upgrading facilities for neurotrauma at AIIMS, Bhubaneswar.
Conclusion Facilities for neurotrauma at AIIMS Bhubaneswar are gradually being upgraded. With a core team, the services are improving gradually. However, the institution is in its early years, and a lot more needs to be done in terms of manpower, gadgets, and infrastructure to further improve neurotrauma care at AIIMS, Bhubaneswar. This article may help in formulating guidelines for strengthening neurotrauma facilities in AIIMS, Bhubaneswar and all the new AIIMS established in India.
Data assimilation in price formation
Authors: Burger Martin , Pietschmann Jan-Frederik , Wolfram Marie-Therese 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We consider the problem of estimating the density of buyers and vendors in a nonlinear parabolic price formation model using measurements of the price and the transaction rate. Our approach is based on a work by Puel (Puel J-P 2002 C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris
335 (2) 161–166), and results in an optimal control problem. We analyze this problems and provide stability estimates for the controls as well as the unknown density in the presence of measurement errors. Our analytic findings are supported with numerical experiments.
Discrete total variation of the normal vector field as shape prior with applications in geometric inverse problems
Authors: Bergmann Ronny , Herrmann Marc , Herzog Roland , Schmidt Stephan , Vidal-Núñez José 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An analogue of the total variation prior for the normal vector field along the boundary of piecewise flat shapes in 3D is introduced. A major class of examples are triangulated surfaces as they occur for instance in finite element computations. The analysis of the functional is based on a differential geometric setting in which the unit normal vector is viewed as an element of the two-dimensional sphere manifold. It is found to agree with the discrete total mean curvature known in discrete differential geometry. A split Bregman iteration is proposed for the solution of discretized shape optimization problems, in which the total variation of the normal appears as a regularizer. Unlike most other priors, such as surface area, the new functional allows for piecewise flat shapes. As two applications, a mesh denoising and a geometric inverse problem of inclusion detection type involving a partial differential equation are considered. Numerical experiments confirm that polyhedral shapes can be identified quite accurately.
Fluorescent thermal imaging of a quench in insulated and non-insulated REBCO-wound pancake coils following a heater pulse at 77 K
Authors: Gyuráki R , Schreiner F , Benkel T , Sirois F , Grilli F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High temperature superconductors (HTS)-wound coils are being developed for use in motors, generators as well as magnet applications. Determining the stability and safe operating margins of such coils still poses challenges. While the recently introduced no-insulation winding method provides a remedy for many problems, it comes with its own limitations. For comparison, we have wound two pancake coils from HTS coated conductors with the insulated and non-insulated winding techniques. Both coils were coated with a fluorescent, temperature-sensitive coating, which allowed monitoring the surface temperatures during operation. The coils were cooled to 77 K via a combination of conduction and gas cooling, and their electrical and thermal behaviour was observed in operation. Here we present the normal transition of both coils caused by an artificially introduced instability due to a surface-mounted, resistive heater element. In the insulated coil, the localized disturbance caused a local transition of the superconductor to the normal conducting state, triggering a thermal runaway. Merely the turns in contact with the artificial disturbance heated up, while the rest of the coil remained in the superconducting state. In the non-insulated coil—although a much longer heater pulse was required—the normal transition started from the weakest point of the coil (around the bobbin) and the whole coil was heating thereafter, with the centre heating more.
Distribution of the superconducting critical current density within a Gd–Ba–Cu–O single grain
Authors: Shi Yunhua , Gough Michael , Dennis Anthony R , Durrell John H , Cardwell David A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The magnitude of the maximum trapped magnetic field in a bulk, single-grain superconductor is a key performance figure of merit. This is determined, generally, by the magnitude of the critical current density, J

c
, and the length scale over which it flows. As with all type-II superconductors, J

c
is related closely to the microstructure of the superconducting material and, in the case of RE–Ba–Cu–O [(RE)BCO, where RE is a rare-earth element or yttrium] single grains, RE2BaCuO5 (RE-211) inclusions in the superconducting REBa2Cu3O7−δ
(RE-123) phase matrix are key microstructural features that act effectively as flux pinning centres. Although the distribution of RE-211 in single-grain bulk superconductors has been studied extensively, the variation of J

c
within a given sample has been much investigated much less thoroughly. A detailed experimental understanding of the variation of J

c
in these technologically important materials, therefore, is required given the growing popularity and significance of numerical techniques for modelling the behaviour of type-II bulk superconductors. Here we report a systematic investigation of the correlation between Gd-211 particle density and sample porosity, which are microstructural features, and T

c
and J

c
in a Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk, single grain fabricated using a buffer layer and a supply of additional liquid phase. This was performed by cutting the sample into numerous sub-specimens of approximate dimensions 1.8 × 2.8 × 1.5 mm3. We observe that J

c
decreases with distance from the seed, although more strongly with distance along the c-axis than along the a–b plane. In contrast to what might be expected given the assumed contribution of RE-211 inclusions to flux pinning, we find no evidence of a clear correlation between the local RE-211 precipitate density and local critical current on a length scale of mm. We observe that the porosity of the sample is a more dominant factor in determining the distribution of J

c
within a single grain.
Maternity uncertainty in cobreeding beetles: females lay more and larger eggs and provide less care
Authors: Richardson Jon , Smiseth Per T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cobreeding, which occurs when multiple females breed together, is likely to be associated with uncertainty over maternity of offspring in a joint brood, preventing females from directing resources towards their own offspring. Cobreeding females may respond to such uncertainty by shifting their investment towards the stages of offspring development when they are certain of maternity and away from those stages where uncertainty is greater. Here we examined how uncertainty of maternity influences investment decisions of cobreeding females by comparing cobreeding females and females breeding alone in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides. In this species, females sometimes breed together on a single carcass but females cannot recognize their own offspring. We found that cobreeding females shifted investment towards the egg stage of offspring development by laying more and larger eggs than females breeding alone. Furthermore, cobreeding females reduced their investment to post-hatching care of larvae by spending less time providing care than females breeding alone. We show that females respond to the presence of another female by shifting allocation towards egg laying and away from post-hatching care, thereby directing resources to their own offspring. Our results demonstrate that responses to parentage uncertainty are not restricted to males, but that, unlike males, females respond by shifting their investment to different components of reproduction within a single breeding attempt. Such flexibility may allow females to cope with maternity uncertainly as well as a variety of other social or physical challenges.
RoBoT: a robust Bayesian hypothesis testing method for basket trials
Authors: Zhou Tianjian , Ji Yuan 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA basket trial in oncology encompasses multiple “baskets” that simultaneously assess one treatment in multiple cancer types or subtypes. It is well-recognized that hierarchical modeling methods, which adaptively borrow strength across baskets, can improve over simple pooling and stratification. We propose a novel Bayesian method, RoBoT (Robust Bayesian Hypothesis Testing), for the data analysis and decision-making in phase II basket trials. In contrast to most existing methods that use posterior credible intervals to determine the efficacy of the new treatment, RoBoT builds upon a formal Bayesian hypothesis testing framework that leads to interpretable and robust inference. Specifically, we assume that the baskets belong to several latent subgroups, and within each subgroup, the treatment has similar probabilities of being more efficacious than controls, historical, or concurrent. The number of latent subgroups and subgroup memberships are inferred by the data through a Dirichlet process mixture model. Such model specification helps avoid type I error inflation caused by excessive shrinkage under typical hierarchical models. The operating characteristics of RoBoT are assessed through computer simulations and are compared with existing methods. Finally, we apply RoBoT to data from two recent phase II basket trials of imatinib and vemurafenib, respectively.
Increased Inorganic Serum Pyrophosphate in Serum and Urine of Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Armstrong Donald , VanWormer Dale , Solomons Clive C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate can be accurately determined in 2 to 4 ml of serum or urine by an ion-exchange method. Pyrophosphate degradation by serum alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphatase is stopped by adding to the serum 0.1 mmol of dithiothreitol (Cleland's reagent) per liter. This method is suitable for screening large numbers of patients. All of the patients studied who had classical symptoms of active osteogenesis imperfecta also had abnormally high concentrations of pyrophosphate in their serum. Of this group, 62% excreted increased amounts of pyrophosphates in their urine. Seven adults with inactive osteogenesis imperfecta had normal concentrations of inorganic pyrophosphate in their serum, but their urinary excretion of pyrophosphate was abnormally great. Patients undergoing therapy with magnesium oxide or calcitonin had normal values for serum and urine pyrophosphate. Determination of inorganic pyrophosphate concentrations in serum may be helpful in studying the progress of this disease and in monitoring therapy.