bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes and risk factors for severe COVID‐19 in patients with haematological disorders receiving chemo‐ or immunotherapy
Authors: Fox Thomas A. , Troy‐Barnes Ethan , Kirkwood Amy A. , Chan Wei Yee , Day James W. , Chavda Selina J. , Kumar Emil A. , David Kate , Tomkins Oliver , Sanchez Emilie , Scully Marie , Khwaja Asim , Lambert Jonathan , Singer Mervyn , Roddie Claire , Morris Emma C. , Yong Kwee L. , Thomson Kirsty J. , Ardeshna Kirit M. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryHaematology patients receiving chemo‐ or immunotherapy are considered to be at greater risk of COVID‐19‐related morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify risk factors for COVID‐19 severity and assess outcomes in patients where COVID‐19 complicated the treatment of their haematological disorder. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 55 patients with haematological disorders and COVID‐19, including 52 with malignancy, two with bone marrow failure and one immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). COVID‐19 diagnosis coincided with a new diagnosis of a haematological malignancy in four patients. Among patients, 82% were on systemic anti‐cancer therapy (SACT) at the time of COVID‐19 diagnosis. Of hospitalised patients, 37% (19/51) died while all four outpatients recovered. Risk factors for severe disease or mortality were similar to those in other published cohorts. Raised C‐reactive protein at diagnosis predicted an aggressive clinical course. The majority of patients recovered from COVID‐19, despite receiving recent SACT. This suggests that SACT, where urgent, should be administered despite intercurrent COVID‐19 infection, which should be managed according to standard pathways. Delay or modification of therapy should be considered on an individual basis. Long‐term follow‐up studies in larger patient cohorts are required to assess the efficacy of treatment strategies employed during the pandemic.
IL‐1β/IL‐1R1 signaling induced by intranasal lipopolysaccharide infusion regulates alpha‐Synuclein pathology in the olfactory bulb, substantia nigra and striatum
Authors: Niu Haichen , Wang Qian , Zhao Weiguang , Liu Jianxin , Wang Deguang , Muhammad Bilal , Liu Xiaoyu , Quan Ning , Zhang Haoyu , Zhang Fang , Wang Yong , Li Haiying , Yang Rongli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction is one of the early symptoms seen in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the mechanisms underlying olfactory pathology that impacts PD disease progression and post‐mortem appearance of alpha‐Synuclein (α‐Syn) inclusions in and beyond olfactory bulb in PD remain unclear. It has been suggested that environmental toxins inhaled through the nose can induce inflammation in the olfactory bulb (OB), where Lewy body (LB) is the first to be found, and then, spread to related brain regions. We hypothesize that OB inflammation triggers local α‐Syn pathology and promotes its spreading to cause PD. In this study, we evaluated this hypothesis by intranasal infusion of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce OB inflammation in mice and examined cytokines expression and PD‐like pathology. We found intranasal LPS‐induced microglia activation, inflammatory cytokine expression and α‐Syn overexpression and aggregation in the OB via interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)/IL‐1 receptor type I (IL‐1R1) dependent signaling. In addition, an aberrant form of α‐Syn, the phosphorylated serine 129 α‐Syn (pS129 α‐Syn), was found in the OB, substantia nigra (SN) and striatum 6 weeks after the LPS treatment. Moreover, 6 weeks after the LPS treatment, mice showed reduced SN tyrosine hydroxylase, decreased striatal dopaminergic metabolites and PD‐like behaviors. These changes were blunted in IL‐1R1 deficient mice. Further studies found the LPS treatment inhibited IL‐1R1‐dependent autophagy in the OB. These results suggest that IL‐1β/IL‐1R1 signaling in OB play a vital role in the induction and propagation of aberrant α‐Syn, which may ultimately trigger PD pathology.
RETRACTED: Role of the MUC1‐C oncoprotein in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance by urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Shigeta Keisuke , Hasegawa Masanori , Kikuchi Eiji , Yasumizu Yota , Kosaka Takeo , Mizuno Ryuichi , Mikami Shuji , Miyajima Akira , Kufe Donald , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMucin 1 C‐terminal subunit (MUC1‐C) has been introduced as a key regulator for acquiring drug resistance in various cancers, but the functional role of MUC1‐C in urothelial carcinoma (UC) cells remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance through MUC1‐C oncoprotein in UC cells. MUC1‐C expression was examined immunohistochemically in tumor specimens of 159 UC patients who received CDDP‐based perioperative chemotherapy. As a result, moderate to high MUC1‐C expression was independently associated with poor survival in UC patients. Using human bladder cancer cell lines and CDDP‐resistant (CR) cell lines, we compared the expression levels of MUC1‐C, multiple drug resistance 1 (MDR1), the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway, and x‐cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT) to elucidate the biological mechanisms contributing to the acquisition of chemoresistance. MUC1‐C was strongly expressed in CR cell lines, followed with MDR1 expression via activation of the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway. MUC1‐C also stabilized the expression of xCT, which enhanced antioxidant defenses by increasing intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. MUC1 down‐regulation showed MDR1 inhibition along with PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway suppression. Moreover, it inhibited xCT stabilization and resulted in significant decreases in intracellular GSH levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The MUC1‐C inhibitor restored sensitivity to CDDP in CR cells and UC murine xenograft models. In conclusion, we found that MUC1‐C plays a pivotal role in the acquisition of CDDP resistance in UC cells, and therefore the combined treatment of CDDP with a MUC1‐C inhibitor may become a novel therapeutic option in CR UC patients.
Do firms lease to hedge? CEO risk‐taking and operating lease intensity
Authors: Devos Erik , Li He 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOperating leases are used extensively for financing, but their ability to separate ownership and use also creates hedging opportunities. We investigate whether firms recognize such opportunities by examining the relation between chief executive officer (CEO) risk‐taking incentives and the use of operating leases. Consistent with firms using operating leases to hedge, we find higher CEO risk‐taking incentives lower operating lease intensity. To address endogeneity, we use the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123R as an exogenous shock to option compensation, dynamic panel generalized method of moments, simultaneous equations, and change regressions. Our results are robust to placebo and alternative tests.
Making sense of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the light of evolution
Authors: Karlsson Green Kristina , Stenberg Johan A. , Lankinen Åsa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntegrated Pest Management (IPM) is a holistic approach to combat pests (including herbivores, pathogens, and weeds) using a combination of preventive and curative actions, and only applying synthetic pesticides when there is an urgent need. Just as the recent recognition that an evolutionary perspective is useful in medicine to understand and predict interactions between hosts, diseases, and medical treatments, we argue that it is crucial to integrate an evolutionary framework in IPM to develop efficient and reliable crop protection strategies that do not lead to resistance development in herbivores, pathogens, and weeds. Such a framework would not only delay resistance evolution in pests, but also optimize each element of the management and increase the synergies between them. Here, we outline key areas within IPM that would especially benefit from a thorough evolutionary understanding. In addition, we discuss the difficulties and advantages of enhancing communication among research communities rooted in different biological disciplines and between researchers and society. Furthermore, we present suggestions that could advance implementation of evolutionary principles in IPM and thus contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture that is resilient to current and emerging pests.
The renin‐angiotensin system in cutaneous hypertrophic scar and keloid formation
Authors: Hedayatyanfard Keshvad , Haddadi Nazgol‐Sadat , Ziai Seyed Ali , Karim Hossein , Niazi Feizollah , Steckelings Ulrike Muscha , Habibi Behnam , Modarressi Ali , Dehpour Ahmad‐Reza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHypertrophic scar and keloid are two types of fibroproliferative conditions that result from excessive extracellular matrix production. The underlying pathological mechanism is not entirely clear. Activation of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with fibrosis in various organs. RAS components including angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) are expressed in the skin and act independently from the plasma RAS. AT1 receptors, which are usually the dominating receptor subtype, promote fibrosis and scar formation, while AT2 receptors inhibit the aforementioned AT1 receptor‐coupled effects. Elevated angiotensin II (Ang II) levels acting on the AT1 receptor contribute to skin scar formation through increased expression of inflammatory factors such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibrinogenic factors such as transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), while at the same time suppressing the anti‐fibrotic tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs). First, small clinical trials have provided evidence that inhibition of the ACE/Ang II/ AT1 receptor axis may be effective in the treatment of hypertrophic scars/keloids. This review provides a detailed overview of the current literature on the RAS in skin, wound healing and scar formation and discusses the translational potential of targeting this hormonal system for treatment and prevention of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
A Mixed‐method Study of Individual, Couple, and Parental Functioning During the State‐regulated COVID‐19 Lockdown in Spain
Authors: Günther‐Bel Cristina , Vilaregut Anna , Carratala Eduard , Torras‐Garat Sonia , Pérez‐Testor Carles 
Published: July 2020

During the recent COVID‐19 outbreak in Spain, we explored the individual and relational well‐being of people confined together with their partners and/or children during the first 3 weeks of state‐regulated lockdown. Adults 18 years or older (N = 407) completed an online survey that included demographic, household, and employment information along with standardized measures of psychological distress (State‐Trait Anxiety and Beck Depression) and relationship functioning—either the Dyadic Adjustment Scale if there were no children in the household or a Basic Family Relations Evaluation Questionnaire (CERFB) measuring conjugal, parental, and coparental functions. Qualitative analyses of responses to an open‐ended question about perceived changes in couple or family dynamics during lockdown revealed nine specific themes comprising two overarching categories: relational improvement and deterioration. The overall prevalence of improvement themes (61.7%) exceeded deterioration themes (41.0%), with increased (re)connection and conflict atmosphere cited most often. Quantitative analyses found elevated levels of state anxiety but not trait anxiety or depression during lockdown. Consistent with the qualitative results, couples having no children at home reported high levels of dyadic adjustment, but with children present CERFB parental functioning exceeded conjugal functioning, a pattern sometimes associated with child triangulation into adult conflicts. Although correlates of psychological distress (e.g., unemployment, perceived economic risk) were relatively stable across subgroups, predictors of relationship functioning varied substantially with household/parental status (e.g., telecommuting and employment facilitated conjugal functioning only for couples with children).
Inherent trait differences explain wheat cultivar responses to climate factor interactions: New insights for more robust crop modelling
Authors: Eller Franziska , Hyldgaard Benita , Driever Steven M. , Ottosen Carl‐Otto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate change predictions foresee a combination of rising CO2, temperature and altered precipitation. Effects of single climatic variables are well defined, but the importance of combined variables and genotypic effects is less known, although pivotal for assessing climate change impacts, for example, with crop growth models. This study provides developmental and physiological data from combined climatic factors for two distinct wheat cultivars (Paragon and Gladius), as a basis to improve predictions for climate change scenarios. The two cultivars were grown in controlled climate chambers in a fully factorial setup of atmospheric CO2 concentration, growth temperature and watering regime. The cultivars differed considerably in their developmental rate, response pattern and the parameters responsible for most of their variation. The growth of Paragon was linked to climatic effects on photosynthesis and mainly affected by temperature. Paragon was overall more negatively affected by all treatment combinations compared to Gladius. Gladius was mostly affected by watering regime. The cultivars' acclimation strategies to climate factors varied significantly. Thus, considering a single factor is an oversimplification very likely impacting the accuracy of crop growth models. Intraspecific crop variation could help understanding genotype by environment variation. Cultivars with high phenotypic plasticity may have greater resilience against climatic variability.
Effect of intense pulsed light on Lactobacillus bulgaricus exopolysaccharide yield, chemical structure and antioxidant activity
Authors: Ge Xinyu , Ma Fengming , Zhang Baiqing 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this work, IPL technology was used for improving the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The effects of fluence per pulse, pulse number and pulse distance were investigated. Through GC–MS, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study the influence on EPS primary chemical structure and surface morphology. The antioxidant activity of EPS was evaluated by DPPH, Fe2+ chelating and reducing power assays. The findings demonstrate that IPL could be a novel environment protection method for improving the production of EPS. The research results provide a theoretical basis for whether IPL is a new type of environmental protection method and can be used to improve EPS production.
Multidisciplinary consensus recommendations from a European network for the diagnosis and practical management of patients with incontinentia pigmenti
Authors: Bodemer C. , Diociaiuti A. , Hadj‐Rabia S. , Robert M.P. , Desguerre I. , Manière M.‐C. , de la Dure‐Molla M. , De Liso P. , Federici M. , Galeotti A. , Fusco F. , Fraitag S. , Demily C. , Taieb C. , Valeria Ursini M. , El Hachem M. , Steffann J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare multisystemic X‐linked dominant genetic disorder characterized by highly diagnostic skin lesions. The disease can be misdiagnosed in infants, and complications affecting the eyes and/or the brain can be severe. Our objective was to highlight the urgency of an appropriate diagnosis and management strategy, as soon as the first symptoms appear, and the need for a well‐codified monitoring strategy for each child.MethodsAn in‐depth literature review using a large number of databases was conducted. The selection criteria for articles were literature review articles on the disease, case series and retrospective studies based on the disease, clinical studies (randomized or not) on treatment, articles discussing patient care and management (treatment, diagnosis, care pathways), and recommendations. The research period was from 2000 until 2018. A group of multidisciplinary experts in IP management was involved, issued from different healthcare providers of the European Network for Rare Skin Diseases (ERN‐Skin). The final recommendations have been submitted to two patient representative associations and to a general practitioner and a neonatal specialist prior to their finalization.Results and conclusionThe diagnosis of IP must be promptly performed to detect potential extracutaneous manifestations, thus allowing the timely implementation of specific therapeutic and monitoring strategies. Eye involvement can be a therapeutic urgency, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement requires a very rigorous long‐term follow‐up. Assessments and patient support should take into account the possible co‐occurrence of various symptoms (including motor, visual and cognitive symptoms).
Clinical and biological impact of the exposome on the skin
Authors: Passeron T. , Krutmann J. , Andersen M.L. , Katta R. , Zouboulis C.C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe skin exposome is defined as the totality of environmental exposures over the life course that can induce or modify various skin conditions. Here, we review the impact on the skin of solar exposure, air pollution, hormones, nutrition and psychological factors. Photoageing, photocarcinogenesis and pigmentary changes are well‐established consequences of chronic exposure of the skin to solar radiation. Exposure to traffic‐related air pollution contributes to skin ageing. Particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide cause skin pigmentation/lentigines, while ozone causes wrinkles and has an impact on atopic eczema. Human skin is a major target of hormones, and they exhibit a wide range of biological activities on the skin. Hormones decline with advancing age influencing skin ageing. Nutrition has an impact on numerous biochemical processes, including oxidation, inflammation and glycation, which may result in clinical effects, including modification of the course of skin ageing and photoageing. Stress and lack of sleep are known to contribute to a pro‐inflammatory state, which, in turn, affects the integrity of extracellular matrix proteins, in particular collagen. Hormone dysregulation, malnutrition and stress may contribute to inflammatory skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne and rosacea.
Effects of long‐term restricted feeding followed by full feeding on growth, processing yield, fillet proximate composition, and economics of market‐size hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus
Authors: Li Menghe H. , Wise David J. , Kumar Ganesh , Bosworth Brian G. , Mischke Charles C. , Aarattuthodiyil Suja , Rutland William , Lucas Penelope M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA pond study examined the effects of long‐term restricted feeding followed by full feeding on production and processing characteristics, fillet composition, and economics of market‐size hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus. Market‐size fish averaging 674 g were stocked into 24 ponds (0.04 ha) at 17,300 fish/ha. Fish were either fed once or twice weekly for 4 months or once or twice weekly for 4 months followed by 15‐ or 30‐day daily full feeding. All fish were fed to apparent satiation on days fed. Fish fed once weekly for 4 months gained about 30% weight and those fed twice weekly gained 70% weight. Feeding once or twice weekly for 4 months followed by 15‐ or 30‐day full feeding did not significantly affect carcass yield compared with the initial sample (overwintered fish). At least 30 days of full feeding were needed to restore fillet yield to normal levels. Based on economic analysis and processing yield, it is suggested fish fed once weekly should be given full feed for 15 days or so to improve fillet yield before harvest. Fish fed twice weekly can be harvested with or without 15 days full feeding.
Leader–follower risk orientation incongruence, intellectual stimulation, and creativity: A configurational approach
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Dust Scott B. , Xu Minya , Ji Yueting 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrior work suggests that follower and leader risk orientation is positively associated with follower creativity. We suggest that this view is oversimplified and propose that follower creativity can be stimulated when leader and follower have diverging risk orientations. We, therefore, apply a configurational approach to creativity, evaluating varying combinations of leader and follower risk orientation on follower creativity. Across two field studies, we demonstrate that (a) follower creativity increases as leaders’ and followers’ risk orientations become more discrepant (i.e., incongruent); (b) follower creativity is higher when leader–follower dyads are congruent at moderate levels of risk orientation compared to congruence at the extremes (i.e., low and high levels); (c) follower‐experienced intellectual stimulation mediates the relationship between leader–follower risk orientation incongruence and congruence and follower creativity; and (d) that leader authority openness moderates the indirect effect of leader–follower risk orientation incongruence on creativity via follower‐experienced intellectual stimulation. Theoretical and practical implications specific to creativity and leader–follower relationships are discussed.
Experiences of front‐line nurses combating coronavirus disease‐2019 in China: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Liu Yu‐E , Zhai Zhong‐Chang , Han Yan‐Hong , Liu Yi‐Lan , Liu Feng‐Ping , Hu De‐Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the experiences of front‐line nurses combating the coronavirus disease‐2019 epidemic.Design and SampleFifteen front‐line nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients were recruited from two hospitals in Wuhan, China from January 26 to February 5, 2020. Data were collected through semi‐structured individual interviews and analyzed using standard qualitative methods.ResultsFour theme categories emerged from the data analysis: (a) “Facing tremendous new challenges and danger”; (b) “Strong pressure because of fear of infection, exhaustion by heavy workloads and stress of nursing seriously ill COVID‐19 patients”; (c) “Strong sense of duty and identity as a healthcare provider”; (d) “Rational understanding of the epidemic—the nurses believed that the epidemic would soon be overcome and would like to receive disaster rescue training.”ConclusionsAlthough the intensive rescue work drained front‐line nurses, both physically and emotionally, they showed a spirit of dedication and felt a responsibility to overcome this epidemic. Their experiences provide useful insights into implementing a safer public health emergency rescue system in preparation for future outbreaks of infectious diseases. Specifically, psychological support and humanistic care should be provided to front‐line nurses to maintain their well‐being, and nationwide emergency rescue training and disaster education should be implemented.