bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraelastic Yarns from Curcumin‐Assisted ELD toward Wearable Human–Machine Interface Textiles
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Li Ruohao , Chen Xue , Chalmers Evelyn , Liu Xiaoteng , Wang Yuqi , Xu Ben Bin , Liu Xuqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntelligent human–machine interfaces (HMIs) integrated wearable electronics are essential to promote the Internet of Things (IoT). Herein, a curcumin‐assisted electroless deposition technology is developed for the first time to achieve stretchable strain sensing yarns (SSSYs) with high conductivity (0.2 Ω cm−1) and ultralight weight (1.5 mg cm−1). The isotropically deposited structural yarns can bear high uniaxial elongation (>>1100%) and still retain low resistivity after 5000 continuous stretching–releasing cycles under 50% strain. Apart from the high flexibility enabled by helical loaded structure, a precise strain sensing function can be facilitated under external forces with metal‐coated conductive layers. Based on the mechanics analysis, the strain sensing responses are scaled with the dependences on structural variables and show good agreements with the experimental results. The application of interfacial enhanced yarns as wearable logic HMIs to remotely control the robotic hand and manipulate the color switching of light on the basis of gesture recognition is demonstrated. It is hoped that the SSSYs strategy can shed an extra light in future HMIs development and incoming IoT and artificial intelligence technologies.
Deficiency of STING Signaling in Embryonic Cerebral Cortex Leads to Neurogenic Abnormalities and Autistic‐Like Behaviors
Authors: Zhang Dongming , Liu Chang , Li Hong , Jiao Jianwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSTING is known as a central adaptor for sensing cytosolic DNA sensing. Recent studies have provided evidence that STING response is divergent among different cell types. Here, this work demonstrates that STING controls neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by sensing DNA damage in NPCs. The deletion of STING reduces neuronal differentiation and increases proliferation of mouse and human NPCs. Furthermore, STINGcKO mice display autistic‐like behaviors. In NPCs, STING specifically recruits IKKβ and activates nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) through phosphorylation. NF‐κB binds to ALX4 promoter and triggers ALX4 transcription. In addition, tumor necrosis factor α, an activator of NF‐κB, can rescue some phenotypes caused by STING deletion in mice. Together, the findings show that STING signaling is essential for neuronal gene expression program and has profound consequences on brain function.
Using the Thiyl Radical for Aliphatic Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer: Thiolation of Unactivated C−H Bonds
Authors: Panferova Liubov I. , Zubkov Mikhail O. , Kokorekin Vladimir A. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA metal‐ and catalyst‐free thiyl‐radical‐mediated activation of alkanes is described. Tetrafluoropyridinyl disulfide is used to perform thiolation of the C−H bonds under irradiation with 400 nm light‐emitting diodes. The key C−H activation step is believed to proceed via hydrogen‐atom abstraction effected by the fluorinated thiyl radical. Secondary, tertiary, and heteroatom‐substituted C−H bonds can be involved in the thiolation reaction. The resulting sulfides have wide potential as photoredox‐active radical precursors in reactions with alkenes and heteroarenes.
Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity at Room Temperature in Cu4TiSe4
Authors: Koley Biplab , Lakshan Achintya , Raghuvanshi Parul R. , Singh Charanpreet , Bhattacharya Amrita , Jana Partha P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUltralow thermal conductivity draws great attention in a variety of fields of applications such as thermoelectrics and thermal barrier coatings. Herein, the crystal structure and transport properties of Cu4TiSe4 are reported. Cu4TiSe4 is a unique example of a non‐toxic and low‐cost material that exhibits a lattice ultra‐low thermal conductivity of 0.19 Wm−1 K−1 at room temperature. The main contribution to the unusually low thermal conductivity is connected with the atomic lattice and its dynamics. This ultralow value of lattice thermal conductivity (kL) can be attributed to the presence of the localized modes of Cu, which partially hybridize with the Se atoms, which in turn leads to avoidance of crossing of acoustic phonon modes that reach the zone boundary with a reduced frequency. Like a phonon glass electron crystal, Cu4TiSe4 could also open a route to efficient thermoelectric materials, even, with chalcogenides of relatively high electrical resistivity and a large band gap, provided that their structures offer a sublattice with lightly bound cations.
Biosafety, Functionalities, and Applications of Biomedical Micro/nanomotors
Authors: Wan Mimi , Li Ting , Chen Huan , Mao Chun , Shen Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to their unique ability to actively move, micro/nanomotors offer the possibility of breaking through the limitations of traditional passive drug delivery systems for the treatment of many diseases, and have attracted the increasing attention of researchers. However, at present, the realization of many advantages of micro/nanomotors in disease treatment in vivo is still in its infancy, because of the complexity and particularity of diseases in different parts of human body. In this Minireview, we first focus on the biosafety and functionality of micro/nanomotors as a biomedical treatment system. Then, we address the treatment difficulties of various diseases in vivo (such as ophthalmic disease, orthopedic disease, gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer), and then review the research progress of biomedical micro/nanomotors in the past 20 years, Finally, we propose the challenges in this field and possible future development directions
Process‐structure‐property relationship of meltblown poly (styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene) nonwovens
Authors: Yu Yang , Shim Eunkyoung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the advance of the thermoplastic plastic elastomer (TPE) technology, there are growing interest and needs for using these materials in the meltblowing process where benefits of small fiber diameters of meltblowns can be combined with rubber‐like elastic properties of elastomers. Performances and utilities of wide ranges of meltblown products such as facemask, medical barrier, wound‐care, diaper can be drastically improved with additions of TPE. In this study, a new elastomeric meltblown fabric was successfully made with the styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS) block copolymer, and the relationship among structure, tensile properties, and meltblowing process parameters are studied. We found that median fiber diameter increases with the polymer mass throughout and decreases with air pressure, and fabric solidity has significantly influenced by die collector distance (DCD). The pore sizes of the fabrics are directly influenced by fiber diameters at the given DCD, but higher DCD increases the pore size due to their open structures. All SEBS nonwovens exhibit high strain at break, larger than 400%. Processing parameters significantly affect tensile properties, and this can be attributed to the fabric structure changes. The reduction of fiber diameter tends to increase the tensile strength of the fabric as it created more fiber‐to‐fiber bond points.
Association of Race and Ethnicity With COVID‐19 Outcomes in Rheumatic Disease: Data From the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Physician Registry
Authors: Gianfrancesco Milena A. , Leykina Liza A. , Izadi Zara , Taylor Tiffany , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Harrison Carly , Trupin Laura , Rush Stephanie , Schmajuk Gabriela , Katz Patricia , Jacobsohn Lindsay , Hsu Tiffany Y. , D’Silva Kristin M. , Serling‐Boyd Naomi , Wallwork Rachel , Todd Derrick J. , Bhana Suleman , Costello Wendy , Grainger Rebecca , Hausmann Jonathan S. , Liew Jean W. , Sirotich Emily , Sufka Paul , Wallace Zachary S. , Machado Pedro M. , Robinson Philip C. , Yazdany Jinoos ,   the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveRacial/ethnic minorities experience more severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in the general US population. This study was undertaken to examine the association between race/ethnicity and COVID‐19 hospitalization, ventilation status, and mortality in people with rheumatic disease.MethodsUS patients with rheumatic disease and COVID‐19 were entered into the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician registry between March 24, 2020 and August 26, 2020 were included. Race/ethnicity was defined as White, African American, Latinx, Asian, or other/mixed race. Outcome measures included hospitalization, requirement for ventilatory support, and death. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, rheumatic disease diagnosis, comorbidities, medication use prior to infection, and rheumatic disease activity.ResultsA total of 1,324 patients were included, of whom 36% were hospitalized and 6% died; 26% of hospitalized patients required mechanical ventilation. In multivariable models, African American patients (OR 2.74 [95% CI 1.90–3.95]), Latinx patients (OR 1.71 [95% CI 1.18–2.49]), and Asian patients (OR 2.69 [95% CI 1.16–6.24]) had higher odds of hospitalization compared to White patients. Latinx patients also had 3‐fold increased odds of requiring ventilatory support (OR 3.25 [95% CI 1.75–6.05]). No differences in mortality based on race/ethnicity were found, though power to detect associations may have been limited.ConclusionSimilar to findings in the general US population, racial/ethnic minorities with rheumatic disease and COVID‐19 had increased odds of hospitalization and ventilatory support. These results illustrate significant health disparities related to COVID‐19 in people with rheumatic diseases. The rheumatology community should proactively address the needs of patients currently experiencing inequitable health outcomes during the pandemic.
Genome engineering and synthetic biology for biofuels: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dai Yexin , Wang Zhipeng A. , Li Yang , Wang Jiao , Ren Jun , Zhang Pingping , Liu Xianhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGenome engineering and synthetic biology as an emerging interdisciplinary tool have opened a new era for energy research as well as life science. In this study, bibliometric and content analysis were conducted to clarify research characteristics and research trends in this field. Our result revealed that USA, China, UK, Germany, and France were the main contributing countries, and USA was in a leading position in international cooperation. The CRISPR‐Cas9 system has been manipulated to develop microorganisms with improved characteristics and tolerance, and is at the forefront of research and practice. In addition, design and construction of synthetic microbial communities and optimization of ecological models to meet industrial demands will become the next hotspot. Meanwhile, effective process configurations that can promote commercial‐scale biofuel production should also be developed. Genome engineering and synthetic biology are expected to continue playing an important role in promoting the development of sustainable energy production.
The influence of breast cancer subtype on survival after palliative radiation for osseous metastases
Authors: Abdelhakiem Mohamed K. , Johnstone Candice , Bergom Carmen , Currey Adam , Robbins Jared R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmong patients with osseous metastases, breast cancer (BC) patients typically have the best prognosis. In the palliative setting, BC is often considered a single disease, but based on receptor status there are four distinct subtypes: luminal A (LA), luminal B (LB), triple negative (TN), and HER2‐enriched (HER2). We hypothesize that survival and palliative outcomes following palliative RT for osseous metastases correlate with breast cancer subtype (BCS).MethodsWe identified 3,895 BC patients with known receptor status who received palliative RT for osseous metastases from 2004–2013 in the National Cancer Database. Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank testing and univariate/multivariate Cox‐regression was used to identify survival factors. Incomplete radiation courses, 30‐day mortality rate, and percentage remaining life spent receiving RT (PRLSRT) were calculated.ResultsSubtypes were 54% LA, 33% LB, 8% TN, and 5% HER2 with median survival of 34.1, 28.2, 5.3, and 15.7 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Overall 82% of patients received ≥10 fractions. Although BCS had limited effect on radiation regimens, TN received nearly twice as many single or hypofractionated (≤5 fractions) treatments, but the overall rate of these fraction schemes was low at 3.7 and 13.7%, respectively. Compared to LA and LB, TN and HER2 patients had worse palliative outcomes; higher rates of incomplete courses at 18.8% and 18.3% versus 12.7%–14.4%; higher 30‐day mortality post‐radiotherapy at 21.5% and 16.0% versus 6.3%–7.9%, and higher median PRLSRT of 7.7% and 3.7% versus 2.2%–2.4% for LA and LB. On multivariate analysis, BCS was associated with overall survival with TN (HR 3.7), HER2 (HR 1.75), and LB (HR 1.28) fairing worse than LA (p < 0.001).ConclusionsBCS correlated with survival and palliative outcome following radiation to osseous metastases. BCS should be considered by physicians when planning palliative RT to maximize quality‐of‐life, avoid unnecessary treatment, and ensure palliative benefits.
Evaluation of the DNA Alkylation Properties of a Chlorambucil‐Conjugated Cyclic Pyrrole‐Imidazole Polyamide
Authors: Hirose Yuki , Hashiya Kaori , Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHairpin pyrrole‐imidazole polyamides (hPIPs) and their chlorambucil (Chb) conjugates (hPIP‐Chbs) can alkylate DNA in a sequence‐specific manner, and have been studied as anticancer drugs. Here, we conjugated Chb to a cyclic PIP (cPIP), which is known to have a higher binding affinity than the corresponding hPIP, and investigated the DNA alkylation properties of the resulting cPIP‐Chb using the optimized capillary electrophoresis method and conventional HPLC product analysis. cPIP‐Chb conjugate 3 showed higher alkylation activity at its binding sites than did hPIP‐Chb conjugates 1 and 2. Subsequent HPLC analysis revealed that the alkylation site of conjugate 3, which was identified by capillary electrophoresis, was reliable and that conjugate 3 alkylates the N3 position of adenine as do hPIP‐Chbs. Moreover, conjugate 3 showed higher cytotoxicity against LNCaP prostate cancer cells than did conjugate 1 and cytotoxicity comparable to that of conjugate 2. These results suggest that cPIP‐Chbs could be novel DNA alkylating anticancer drugs.
Aromatic Helical Foldamers as Nucleophilic Catalysts for the Regioselective Acetylation of Octyl β‐d‐Glucopyranoside
Authors: Song Geunmoo , Jeong Kyu‐Sung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo indolocarbazole‐naphthyridine foldamers 2 and 3 that fold into helical conformations were prepared. The 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) moiety was introduced at one end of the foldamer strands to develop foldamer‐based catalysts for the site‐selective acylation of polyols. These foldamers adopt helical conformations containing internal cavities capable of binding octyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside. The association constants were determined to be 1.9 (±0.1)×105 M−1 for 2 and 2.1 (±0.1)×105 M−1 for 3 in CH2Cl2 at 25 °C. In the presence of DMAP, 2 or 3 as the catalysts, octyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside was subjected to acetylation under identical reaction conditions. The DMAP‐catalysed reaction afforded the random distribution of the monoacetylates (6‐OAc : 4‐OAc : 3‐OAc : 2‐OAc=33 : 24 : 41 : 2). In contrast, foldamers 2 and 3 led to the predominant formation of 6‐OAc. The relative distributions were estimated to be 6‐OAc : 4‐OAc : 3‐OAc=88 : 4 : 6 : ∼0 with 2 and 6‐OAc : 4‐OAc : 3‐OAc : 2‐OAc=90 : 3 : 6 : 1 with 3.
Trends in the dynamic evolution of board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Amorelli María‐Florencia , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA bibliometric and bibliographic review was carried out to determine the effect that gender diversity in a board of directors has on the level of business commitment to sustainable development and stakeholder engagement through the dissemination of social and environmental information. The review included 89 articles published in the 66 most prestigious journals on business, management, ethics and environmental sciences according to the journal citation reports on the ISI Web of Knowledge. There has been spectacular growth in this line of research since 2016, led by Spanish and American researchers. There is currently a paradigm shift in the theoretical frameworks that support these investigations in examining the organisational and institutional environments that favour the advantages associated with the presence of women in bodies responsible for business strategy. However, the latest papers are based on the use of the Critical mass theory and moderating factors in order to explaining the divergence of results.
Insights into damping ratios in buildings
Authors: Cruz Cristian , Miranda Eduardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes how soil–structure interaction affects the overall damping ratio of multistory buildings and compares theoretical results with empirical data inferred from seismic responses of buildings in California. A method is presented for obtaining effective periods and damping ratios of a replacement fixed‐base multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom structure capable of reproducing the response of a structure with a rigid, circular foundation, sitting on an elastic half‐space. Sensitivity analyses are then conducted to assess the parameters influencing the soil–structure interaction. It is shown that for a given shear wave velocity of the soil, the aspect ratio is the parameter that primarily affects the effective damping ratio. For the fundamental mode, the effective damping ratio decreases approximately hyperbolically with increasing building height, causing an increment of effective damping in squatty structures, while for slender structures the effective damping ratio is reduced. These analytical results are compared with damping ratios inferred from seismic responses of buildings in California. It is shown that the variation of effective damping ratio with building height, computed analytically, closely follows the median trend of the empirical data, indicating that the reduction in damping ratios with increasing building height that has been reported in various studies is primarily due to soil–structure interaction. Finally, it is shown that effective damping ratios of higher modes increase with increasing effective modal frequency, matching the trend in empirical data. The results of this investigation are of paramount importance, as they suggest that soil–structure interaction primarily controls the overall damping ratio of buildings subjected to earthquakes.
Blockchain privacy‐preserving smart contract centric multiplemultipartykey agreement over largeWANETs
Authors: Naresh Vankamamidi Srinivasa , Allavarpu V. V. L. Divakar , Reddi Sivaranjani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the rapid increase in the popularity of groupware applications whose security mainly relied on the key being used, which made multi‐party/group secret key agreements significant. However, the brute‐force attacks to interpret the group key made group communication vulnerable. The logical solution to overcome this is changing the group key frequently. In this direction, we propose blockchain‐based multiple shared keys agreement among a group of participants. As with conventional methods, the proposed protocol does not rely on strong random number generation and/or master key. In this technique, the privacy‐preserving smart contract acts as group controller (GC) and forms two parties with each of the other nodes. The GC, while generating these two‐party keys in the first round instead of exchanging one public key, it exchanges “m” public keys with each of the other nodes and generatesm2shared two‐party keys with each of the respective nodes. Now in the second round, GC generatesm2sequential products of two‐party shared keys and stores them securely as private data objects in the privacy‐preserving smart contract. Next GC computesm2sequential public keys to each of the respective nodes by multiplying these products with the inverse of individual members shared keys sequentially of the group nodes in trusted execution environment and shares them with respective group nodes. On receiving respective public keys, each group node computes the multiple multiparty shared keys by multiplying it with their individual shared keys. Furthermore, an upper limit for the number of shared keys obtained in terms of the number of keys exchanged.
How does the strength of selection influence genetic correlations?
Authors: Chantepie Stéphane , Chevin Luis-Miguel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGenetic correlations between traits can strongly impact evolutionary responses to selection, and may thus impose constraints on adaptation. Theoretical and empirical work has made it clear that without strong linkage and with random mating, genetic correlations at evolutionary equilibrium result from an interplay of correlated pleiotropic effects of mutations, and correlational selection favoring combinations of trait values. However, it is not entirely clear how change in the overall strength of stabilizing selection across traits (breadth of the fitness peak, given its shape) influences this compromise between mutation and selection effects on genetic correlation. Here, we show that the answer to this question crucially depends on the intensity of genetic drift. In large, effectively infinite populations, genetic correlations are unaffected by the strength of selection, regardless of whether the genetic architecture involves common small-effect mutations (Gaussian regime), or rare large-effect mutations (House-of-Cards regime). In contrast in finite populations, the strength of selection does affect genetic correlations, by shifting the balance from drift-dominated to selection-dominated evolutionary dynamics. The transition between these domains depends on mutation parameters to some extent, but with a similar dependence of genetic correlation on the strength of selection. Our results are particularly relevant for understanding how senescence shapes patterns of genetic correlations across ages, and genetic constraints on adaptation during colonization of novel habitats.