bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Aromaticity of Benzene‐Fused Doubly N‐Confused Porphyrins
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Muramatsu Kota , Hiraoka Shogo , Tahara Hiroyuki , Hirose Mako , Tamura Eidai , Shiraishi Tatsumi , Mack John , Kobayashi Nagao , Mori Shigeki , Okujima Tetsuo , Takase Masayoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene(BCOD)‐fused bis(dipyrromethane) derivative was reacted with methylal in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid followed by oxidation with chloranil to give a doubly N‐confused phlorin derivative, which did not undergo the retro‐Diels–Alder reaction extruding an ethylene molecule on heating. In contrast, a 7‐tert‐butoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene(7‐BuOBCHD)‐fused bis(dipyrromethane) yielded benzene‐ring‐fused doubly N‐confused porphyrins by following similar reaction sequences.
A Noninvasive Delivery of DNA into Zygotes by AuNPs−PEI for Transgenic Mice
Authors: Zhang Di , Wang Qi , Cheng Xiaocui , Li Huanhuan , Wang Qiuyue , Yu Fangfang , Wang Wenying , Xin Jing , Li Qingmei , Dou Changfeng , Wu Xiaoqing , Qian Hongli , Fang Wei , Wu Fengrui , Liu Yong , Jiang Shuanglin , Li Wenyong , Wang Rong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA transgenic system of noninvasive cytosolic transport based on exogenous plasmid DNA (pIRES2−EGFP) loading on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) was successfully constructed, which can remove the technical threshold and possible damage of microinjection to oocytes and embryo development. In this study, mouse zygotes were cultured in KSOM medium containing the complex of AuNPs−PEI−DNA (APD) until formation of blastocyts, and then transferred into pseudopregnant female mice for obtaining transgenic offspring. Fluorescence observations confirm the expression of GFP in early embryos; importantly, data from identifying experiments by genotyping, immunofluorescence and DNA sequencing show that the GFP sequence indeed integrates into the chromosome of offspring individuals and is expressed. Furthermore, TUNEL test and analysis on cell differentiation of blastocysts indicate an excellent safety of APD to the development of embryos. All these results suggested that AuNPs, being an alternative technique to traditional microinjection, can efficiently introduce biomolecules into early embryonic cells without the prerequisite of expensive micromanipulators and skilled technicians, which will greatly promote study of life sciences in various aspects.
Visualizing Human Protein‐Protein Interactions and Subcellular Localizations on Cell Images Through CellMap
Authors: Dallago Christian , Goldberg Tatyana , Andrade‐Navarro Miguel Angel , Alanis‐Lobato Gregorio , Rost Burkhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVisualizing protein data remains a challenging and stimulating task. Useful and intuitive visualization tools may help advance biomolecular and medical research; unintuitive tools may bar important breakthroughs. This protocol describes two use cases for the CellMap (http://cellmap.protein.properties) web tool. The tool allows researchers to visualize human protein‐protein interaction data constrained by protein subcellular localizations. In the simplest form, proteins are visualized on cell images that also show protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) through lines (edges) connecting the proteins across the compartments. At a glance, this simultaneously highlights spatial constraints that proteins are subject to in their physical environment and visualizes PPIs against these localizations. Visualizing two realities helps in decluttering the protein interaction visualization from “hairball” phenomena that arise when single proteins or groups thereof interact with hundreds of partners. © 2019 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Visualizing proteins and their interactions on cell imagesBasic Protocol 2: Displaying all interaction partners for a protein
Strategies to Enhance Carbon Dioxide Capture in Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Piscopo Calogero Giancarlo , Loebbecke Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe dramatic increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration is responsible for a fast and potentially unpredictable global climate change. Therefore, the implementation of negative carbon technologies such as direct air capture (DAC) is needed. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have the potential to perform CO2 DAC and achieve unprecedented performances. Herein strategies to improve the CO2 capture efficiency of MOFs and their potential implementation in real applications are discussed. Three main categories of targeted modifications to the frameworks are usually performed to enhance the CO2 uptake capacity and adsorption selectivity: 1) modifications to the metal unit; 2) modifications to the linker unit; 3) confinement of solvents within MOFs. The synthesis of MOF composites using other porous materials as support is also a useful method to improve the CO2 capture performances. Another approach involves the synthesis of amine‐functionalized MOFs that can chemically bind carbon dioxide.
Amplification Techniques for the Detection of Misfolded Prion Proteins in Experimental and Clinical Samples
Authors: Haley Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article describes two methods for amplifying prions present in experimental and clinical samples: the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) assay and the real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) assay. Protocols for preparation of amplification substrate and analysis of results are included in addition to those for the individual assays. For each assay, control and suspect samples are mixed with appropriate amplification substrate, which is whole brains from mice in the case of PMCA and recombinant prion protein produced in bacteria for RT‐QuIC, followed by cyclic amplification over a number of cycles of sonication (PMCA) or shaking (RT‐QuIC) at a consistent incubation temperature. The resultant amplification products are then assessed either by western blotting (PMCA) or based on fluorescent emissions (RT‐QuIC). The equipment and expertise necessary for successfully performing either assay vary and will be important factors for individual laboratories to consider when identifying which assay is more appropriate for their experimental design. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Prion amplification via protein misfolding cyclic amplificationSupport Protocol 1: Collection of whole brains from mice and preparation of normal brain homogenateBasic Protocol 2: Prion amplification via real‐time quaking‐induced conversionSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of recombinant truncated white‐tailed‐deer prion protein
Perennial cereal rye performance and comparisons with winter annual cereal forages in the semiarid, subtropical southwestern United States
Authors: Marsalis Mark A. , Lauriault Leonard M. , Darapuneni Murali K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe demand for forage for livestock production is increasing in semiarid regions. Winter annual cereal forages are commonly used to fill autumn through spring forage gaps where dry winters occur. Perennial cereal rye (Secale cereale L. × S. montanum Guss., P‐CR) shows promise for forage in other areas. Randomized complete block studies were conducted during the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 autumn through spring growing seasons at two locations in the semiarid, subtropical US Southwest for a total of six site‐years (Los Lunas [two irrigation regimes] and Tucumcari, NM) to evaluate local adaptation and possible perennation of P‐CR as an alternative to winter annual cereal forages. Poor establishment of P‐CR occurred in the 2013–2014 season and prevented data collection; however, the P‐CR variety tested did not perennate in any of these site‐years in the southwestern United States. Generally, across site‐years, as annual cereal forages harvested at boot stage, P‐CR and triticale [× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus (Secale × Triticum)] had equal and greater dry matter yields than annual cereal rye (S. cereale, A‐CR) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., WW) (11.89, 7.43, 11.32, and 9.66 Mg ha−1 for P‐CR, A‐CR, triticale, and WW, respectively; P < 0.0001, SEM = 0.36). Additionally, across environments, fiber components (acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin) were generally higher, and crude protein and 48‐h neutral detergent fiber digestibility were generally lesser for P‐CR than for the annual species (110, 180, 144, and 133 g crude protein kg−1 for P‐CR, A‐CR, triticale, and WW, respectively; P < 0.0001, SEM = 6). Currently used annual species (cereal rye, triticale, or wheat) continue to be recommended.
A prospectus for sustainability of rainfed maize production systems in South Africa
Authors: Haarhoff Stephanus J. , Kotzé Theunis N. , Swanepoel Pieter A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) production systems of South Africa require an integrated approach to use the limited soil available water more efficiently, and to increase system productivity and sustainability. The soils across the major maize production regions are highly susceptible to wind and water erosion. Rigorous soil tillage, maize monoculture, and fallow periods are common, which depletes the soil from organic matter and nutrients. Despite the pressing need for transforming the highly degraded rainfed maize production systems, adoption of more sustainable management approaches has been limited, likely due to a shortage of local scientific field trials to evaluate current and alternative maize agronomic management practices. Erratic interseasonal rainfall patterns cause high variability in maize grain yields. Major challenges associated with no‐tillage are poor crop establishment, subsoil compaction, and high maize grain yield variability. The use of fallow in the maize–fallow production system leads to excessive runoff and soil erosion losses despite increased maize grain yields. Crop intensification and alternative crops are needed to increase rainfall water use efficiency and lower fallow frequency. The use of cover and forage crops may provide the opportunity to diversify and intensify maize production systems. Cover crop biomass could be beneficial in livestock‐integrated production systems providing livestock feed in either winter or summer. Research is drastically required to improve the understanding of current South African rainfed maize production systems and to facilitate the development of fitting sustainable agronomic management practices.
Does strategic fit matter in measuring organizational performance? An empirical analysis
Authors: Farrukh Muhammad , Meng Fanchen , Sajid Muhammad , Shahzad Imran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEntrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a valuable organizational asset which is considered to be a driver of superior organizational performance (OP). However, some studies challenge this notion and show a negative link between EO and OP. This deviation may be rooted in the contingent‐theoretic approach, which postulates the need to align an organization's strategic posture with various other factors to achieve strategic fit. Therefore, leaning on contingent‐theoretic approach this research aims to test a direct and synergistic effect of EO and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on OP in the context of developing (Pakistan) and developed (United Kingdom) economies. A survey is conducted and the data are analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). The results show a significant direct effect of EO and CSR on OP. In addition, we found that CSR significantly mediates the impact of EO on OP across both countries. This study suggests that specific strategic actions, such as EO and CSR, should be studied in combination with other strategic actions to provide a holistic understanding of OP.
Practical Guidelines for Optimization and Characterization of the Beckman Coulter CytoFLEX™ Platform
Authors: Bhowmick Debajit , Sheridan Rachael T.C. , Bushnell Timothy P. , Spalding Kirsty L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCytometer characterization is critical to define operational bounds within which the data generated are reliable and reproducible. Existing instrument optimization and characterization protocols were developed for cytometers relying on photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for photon detection. Recently, instrument manufacturers have begun incorporating avalanche photodiodes (APDs) in place of PMTs. Differences in noise and signal amplification properties of the two detector types make many of the established PMT characterization protocols inappropriate for APD‐based instruments. In this article, we tested (three machines on two different sites) a variety of approaches to determine the best method for APD optimization on the Beckman Coulter CytoFLEX™ (CytoFLEX). From this, we propose easy‐to‐implement guidelines for CytoFLEX characterization and operation. These protocols are not designed to compare APD versus PMT based systems, nor are they designed to directly compare different CytoFlex instruments. Following these protocols will allow CytoFLEX users to characterize their instruments and help to identify optimized settings that allow for the generation of consistent and reproducible data. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Learning automata–based multilevel medium access control in cyber physical system–based smart wireless networks
Authors: S Kavitha , P Venkata Krishna , Muthukumar Pounambal 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe performance of cyber physical system–based smart wireless networks depends on effective channel access by reducing the blocking, the dropping probability, and collisions. The aim of this proposed algorithm is to reduce the collisions in cyber physical system–based smart wireless networks. In this paper, multilevel medium access control in cyber physical system–based smart wireless networks is proposed. The optimal number of levels of gateways is determined using the concept of learning automata. Priority and time limit are assigned to every packet that is being transmitted. The proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared with two‐level medium access control in cyber physical system–based smart wireless networks, which is referred as priority with counter modified backoff (PCMB). The parameters used for evaluating the performance are throughput, delay, % of collisions, and number of packets dropped. The results project that the proposed algorithm accomplishes improved performance than PCMB.
Changes in tree community structure in defaunated forests are not driven only by dispersal limitation
Authors: Hazelwood Kirstie , Paine C. E. Timothy , Cornejo Valverde Fernando H. , Pringle Elizabeth G. , Beck Harald , Terborgh John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBushmeat hunting has reduced population sizes of large frugivorous vertebrates throughout the tropics, thereby reducing the dispersal of seeds. This is believed to affect tree population dynamics, and therefore community composition, because the seed dispersal of large‐seeded trees depends upon large‐bodied vertebrates.We report on a long‐running study of the effect of defaunation on a tropical tree community. In three censuses over 11 years, we compared sapling recruitment between a hunted and a nonhunted site, which are nearby and comparable to one another, to determine the extent to which species composition has changed through time following defaunation. We expected to find a reduced abundance of tree species that rely on large frugivores for dispersal at the hunted site and altered community structure as a consequence.Although community composition at the hunted site diverged from that at the nonhunted site, the changes were independent of dispersal syndrome, with no trend toward a decline in species that are dispersed by large, hunted vertebrates. Moreover, the loss of large‐bodied dispersers did not generate the changes in tree community composition that we hypothesized. Some species presumed to rely on large‐bodied frugivores for dispersal are effectively recruiting despite the absence of their dispersers.Synthesis: The presumption that forests depleted of large‐bodied dispersers will experience rapid, directional compositional change is not fully supported by our results. Altered species composition in the sapling layer at the hunted site, however, indicates that defaunation may be connected with changes to the tree community, but that the nature of these changes is not unidirectional as previously assumed. It remains difficult to predict how defaunation will affect tree community composition without a deeper understanding of the driving mechanisms at play.
Long‐term prognostic value of ultrastructural features in dilated cardiomyopathy: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Saito Tsunenori , Asai Kuniya , Tachi Masaki , Sato Shigeru , Mozawa Kosuke , Adachi Akiko , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Amano Yasuo , Mizuno Kyoichi , Kumita Shin‐ichiro , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aims to determine the implications associated with long‐term prognosis of heart failure (HF) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) presenting initially as decompensated HF. We stratified the phase of DCM patients without late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) based on ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes.Methods and resultsLeft ventricular (LV) endomyocardial biopsy was performed in 55 consecutive DCM patients with initial decompensated HF. Ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes detected by electron microscopy were compared with data including LGE with cardiac magnetic resonance and HF recurrence. Of the 55 DCM patients, 24 (44%) showed LGE, and 26 (47%) showed recurrence decompensated HF, while 23 patients (42%) showed autophagic vacuoles in cardiomyocytes by electron microscopy. Multivariate analysis identified atrial fibrillation [hazard ratio (HR), 3.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45–7.98], haemoglobin level (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–0.99), beta‐blocker use (HR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05–0.74), and autophagic vacuoles (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09–0.65) as predictors of HF recurrence in the total patient population. In patients without LGE, only autophagic vacuoles were independent predictors of readmission because of HF (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09–0.90). In patients with LGE, atrial fibrillation (HR, 19.10; 95% CI, 2.97–123.09), and mid‐linear LGE (HR, 12.96; 95% CI, 2.02–82.94) were independent predictors of readmission because of HF.ConclusionsIn DCM patients with LGE, characterised by progression of LV remodelling, the LGE pattern was a predictor of HF recurrence, whereas in patients without LGE, absence of autophagic vacuoles was a predictor of HF recurrence.
Separation of terbutaline enantiomers in capillary electrophoresis with neutral cyclodextrin‐type chiral selectors and investigation of the structure of selector‐selectand complexes using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Gogolashvili Ann , Chankvetadze Lali , Takaishvili Nino , Salgado Antonio , Chankvetadze Bezhan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe major goal of this study was to determine the affinity pattern of the terbutaline (TB) enantiomers toward α‐, β‐, γ‐, and heptakis(2,3‐di‐O‐acetyl)‐β‐cyclodextrins and using NMR spectroscopy for the understanding of the fine mechanisms of interaction between the cyclodextrins (CD) and TB enantiomers. It was shown once again that CE in combination with NMR spectroscopy represents a sensitive tool to study the affinity patterns and structure of CD complexes with chiral guests. Opposite affinity patterns of TB enantiomers toward native α‐ and β‐CDs were associated with significant differences between the structure of the related complexes in solution. In particular, the complex between TB enantiomers and α‐CD was of the external type, whereas an inclusion complex was formed between TB enantiomers and β‐CD. One of the possible structures of the complex between TB and heptakis(2,3‐di‐O‐acetyl)‐β‐CD (HDA‐β‐CD) was quite similar to that of TB and β‐CD, although the chiral recognition pattern and enantioselectivity of TB complexation with these two CDs were very different.
Factors related to depressive symptoms and self‐reported diagnosis of depression in community‐dwelling older Chileans: A national cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Aravena José M. , Saguez Rodrigo , Lera Lydia , Moya Mario O. , Albala Cecilia 
Published: March 2020

AimThe aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of screening‐positive depression and to identify the frequency and factors related to self‐reported depression diagnosis in people with screen‐positive depression.MethodsUsing the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), 4065 older Chileans were screened for depression. Social and health variables were included. Self‐reported depression diagnosis and antidepressant use were analyzed according to screen‐positive depression (GDS‐15 ≥ 5). Chi‐square and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors related to screen‐positive depression, and self‐reported diagnosis and current antidepressant use.ResultsOverall, mean age was 71.0 years, 60.9% women, and 71.4% had ≤8 years of education. 28.3% of the population screened positive for depression (mild: 21.7%; moderate‐severe: 6.5%). Only 35.9% of screen‐positive depression individuals self‐reported a depression diagnosis (mild: 32.6%; moderate‐severe: 47.0%), with significant differences between the sexes (women: 42.2%; men: 22.5%; P < .01). No education (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.20‐3.32), multimorbidity (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.42‐2.48), dependence (OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 3.11‐5.51) and pain (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 2.01‐3.07) were related to screen‐positive depression. In people screen‐positive depression, men (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.35‐0.65) and 80 years or older were less likely to self‐report depression diagnosis (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.23‐0.54), and current antidepressant use (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14‐0.70).ConclusionsA high prevalence of depressive symptoms and low agreement with self‐reported depression is observed. There is a need to increase the diagnosis of depression especially in men and people 80 years or older.
Relationship between Phase Fractions and Mechanical Properties in Heat‐Treated Laser Powder‐Bed Fused Co‐Based Dental Alloys
Authors: von Kobylinski Jonas , Hitzler Leonhard , Lawitzki Robert , Krempaszky Christian , Öchsner Andreas , Werner Ewald 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal additive manufacturing of dental prostheses consisting of cobalt−chromium−tungsten (Co−Cr−W) alloys poses an alternative to investment casting. However, metal additive manufacturing processes like Laser Powder‐Bed Fusion (LPBF) can impact the elastic constants and the mechanical anisotropy of the resulting material. To investigate the phase compositions of mechanically different specimens in dependence of their postprocessing steps (e. g. heat treatment to relieve stress), the current study uses X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for phase identification. Our studies connect plastic deformation of Remanium star CL alloy with the formation of the hexagonal ϵ‐phase and heat treatment with the formation of the D024‐phase, while partially explaining previously observed differences in Young's moduli.