bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combined digital-conventional workflow to fabricate a removable partial denture for a patient with a severe gag reflex
Authors: O'Leary Ronan B , Gunderman Anne L 
Published: October 2020

Introducing a novel approach to overcoming a profound gag reflex and aversion to conventional dental impression procedures when fabricating a removable partial denture. The digital workflow is becoming increasingly popular in the discipline of fixed prosthodontics. Chairside digitization of a patient's dentition is a less invasive and more comfortable procedure in comparison to conventional dental impression techniques. The advantages can be most relevant to patients with a profound gag-reflex. Currently, certain challenges exist with full digitization in the discipline of removable prosthodontics. Combining digital and conventional workflows may serve as an alternative technique to construct removable prostheses for groups who cannot tolerate conventional methods. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Many patient groups may not tolerate conventional dental impression techniques. This method offers a combination of existing techniques as a suitable alternative for this cohort.
Less mechanical loading attenuates osteoarthritis by reducing cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone remodelling, secondary inflammation, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: He Zhennian , Nie Pengfei , Lu Jianli , Ling Yong , Guo Jian , Zhang Bin , Hu Jianghua , Liao Jiawei , Gu Jie , Dai Bo , Feng Zhiyun 
Published: October 2020

Aims Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling joint disorder and mechanical loading is an important pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the benefits of less mechanical loading created by intermittent tail suspension for knee OA. Methods A post-traumatic OA model was established in 20 rats (12 weeks old, male). Ten rats were treated with less mechanical loading through intermittent tail suspension, while another ten rats were treated with normal mechanical loading. Cartilage damage was determined by gross appearance, Safranin O/Fast Green staining, and immunohistochemistry examinations. Subchondral bone changes were analyzed by micro-CT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and serum inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Our radiographs showed that joint space was significantly enlarged in rats with less mechanical loading. Moreover, cartilage destruction was attenuated in the less mechanical loading group with lower histological damage scores, and lower expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and MMP-13. In addition, subchondral bone abnormal changes were ameliorated in OA rats with less mechanical loading, as reduced bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), and number of osteophytes and osteoclasts in the subchondral bone were observed. Finally, the level of serum inflammatory cytokines was significantly downregulated in the less mechanical loading group compared with the normal mechanical loading group, as well as the expression of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the cartilage. Conclusion Less mechanical loading alleviates cartilage destruction, subchondral bone changes, and secondary inflammation in OA joints. This study provides fundamental insights into the benefit of non-weight loading rest for patients with OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):731–741.
Bone mineral as a drug-seeking moiety and a waste dump
Authors: Raina Deepak Bushan , Liu Yang , Jacobson Otto L. P. , Tanner K Elizabeth , Tägil Magnus , Lidgren Lars 
Published: October 2020

Bone is a dynamic tissue with a quarter of the trabecular and a fifth of the cortical bone being replaced continuously each year in a complex process that continues throughout an individual’s lifetime. Bone has an important role in homeostasis of minerals with non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite bone mineral forming the inorganic phase of bone. Due to its crystal structure and chemistry, hydroxyapatite (HA) and related apatites have a remarkable ability to bind molecules. This review article describes the accretion of trace elements in bone mineral giving a historical perspective. Implanted HA particles of synthetic origin have proved to be an efficient recruiting moiety for systemically circulating drugs which can locally biomodulate the material and lead to a therapeutic effect. Bone mineral and apatite however also act as a waste dump for trace elements and drugs, which significantly affects the environment and human health. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):709–718.
Effect of laser cleaning of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer and surface modification on chemical activity and bonding strength
Authors: Tong Yanqun , Chen Xin , Zhang Ang , Fu Yonghong , Ren Xudong , Ye Yunxia , Xin Shanshan 
Published: October 2020

Bonding has been used to repair carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. However, research has shown that resin residue on the surface of CFRP can cause adhesion problems. Therefore, a reliable surface cleaning procedure is necessary to remove the resin residue before bonding. In this paper, the surface resin was removed by laser cleaning, while the surface properties of CFRP were improved. A pulsed laser cleaning experiment was designed to study the chemical activity and bonding strength of CFRP treated by laser with different laser power and scanning speed. The results showed that as the contact angle of the material surface decreased, chemical activity and adhesive properties were improved. The surface pretreated with laser power of 16 W (scanning speed of 1500 mm/s) had no resin residue and the best adhesive properties; the bonding strength was 1.6 times higher than that of the untreated surface, and the failure mode was dominated by a cohesive damage mode.
SESAM mode-locked Tm:LuYO3 ceramic laser generating 54-fs pulses at 2048  nm
Authors: Zhao Yongguang , Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Pan Zhongben , Wang Yicheng , Liu Peng , Xu Xiaodong , Liu Ying , Shen Deyuan , Zhang Jian , Guina Mircea , Mateos Xavier , Loiko Pavel , Wang Zhengping , Xu Xingguang , Xu Jun , Mero Mark , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin 
Published: October 2020

Mode-locked laser operation near 2.05 µm based on a mixed sesquioxide

T
m

:

L
u
Y

O

3

ceramic is demonstrated. Continuous-wave and wavelength-tunable operation is also investigated. Employing a GaSb-based semiconductor saturable absorber mirror as a saturable absorber, a maximum average output power of 133 mW is obtained for a pulse duration of 59 fs. Pulses as short as 54 fs, i.e., eight optical cycles are generated at a repetition rate of

∼

78

M
H
z

with an average output power of 51 mW. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the shortest pulse duration ever achieved from Tm-based solid-state mode-locked lasers.
High-order mode conversion in a few-mode fiber via laser-inscribed long-period gratings at 1.55  µm and 2  µm wavebands
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Zhao Yunhe , Liu Yunqi , Liu Zuyao , Mou Chengbo , Shen Lei , Zhang Lei , Luo Jie 
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate high-order mode conversion in a few-mode fiber (FMF) via

C
O

2

laser inscribed long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) at both the 1.55 µm and 2 µm wavebands. At the 1.55 µm waveband, five high-order core modes (the

L
P

11

,

L
P

21

,

L
P

02

,

L
P

31

, and

L
P

12

modes) can be coupled from the

L
P

01

mode with high efficiency by the FMF-LPFGs. The orbital angular momentum beams with different topological charges

(

±
1
,
±
2
,
±
3

)

are experimentally generated by adjusting the polarization controllers. At the 2 µm waveband, three high-order modes (the

L
P

11

,

L
P

21

, and

L
P

02

mode) can be coupled by the FMF-LPFGs with different grating periods. The proposed LPFG-based mode converters could have a potential prospects in mode-division multiplexing and multiwindow broadband optical communication applications.
Single-walled carbon-nanotube saturable absorber assisted Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm:MgWO4 laser
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Zhao Yongguang , Wang Yicheng , Pan Zhongben , Lin Haifeng , Zhang Ge , Zhang Lizhen , Lin Zhoubin , Bae Ji Eun , Park Tae Gwan , Rotermund Fabian , Loiko Pavel , Mateos Xavier , Mero Mark , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin 
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate sub-100-fs Kerr-lens mode-locking of a

T
m

:

M
g
W

O

4

laser emitting at

∼

2

µ

m

assisted by a single-walled carbon-nanotube saturable absorber. A maximum average output power of 100 mW is achieved with pulse duration of 89 fs at a pulse repetition rate of

∼

86

M
H
z

. The shortest pulse duration derived from frequency-resolved optical gating amounts to 76 fs at 2037 nm, corresponding to nearly bandwidth-limited pulses. To the best of our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses generated from any Tm-doped tungstate crystal and the first report on saturable absorber assisted Kerr-lens mode-locking of a Tm laser at

∼

2

µ

m

.
La Masacre de los Inocentes: una aproximación desde la materialidad a la obra de Antonio Berni
Authors: Wasserman Malena 
Published: October 2020

Este artículo se propone recorrer algunos de los conceptos que vertebran el pensamiento de Aby Warburg (1866-1929) para, a partir de sus claves metodológicas, poder profundizar en la interpretación de la obra artística de Antonio Berni producida entre los años ‘50 y ‘80. Es durante este período que el artista incorpora una variedad de materiales y objetos al espacio de representación que le otorgan un carácter distintivo al mismo. Recuperar ciertas herramientas conceptuales de Warburg y aplicarlas sobre un caso en particular como fue la instalación La Masacre de los Inocentes realizada por el artista rosarino en París entre 1971 y 1972, nos va permitir ahondar en la riqueza enunciativa que condensan estas obras bernianas en su dimensión material.
imensión material.
Job-Related Factors And Productivity Of Labour In The Nigerian Public Sector: The Case Of Lamata
Authors: Fajana Sola , Shonuga Adedoyinsola 
Published: October 2020

Productivity has a sustained demonstrable influence on business and political processes and outcomes in all climes. This study explores how the public sector in Nigeria can create ‘decent jobs’ which are more productive and rewarding in all senses. The adopted methodology was positivism which involves figurative or quantitative investigation and communication of observed phenomena. Based on this approach, a questionnaire was designed to gather information from fifty (50) staff in the Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA). Data was analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics, and the Pareto chart and Kano’ Product/Service attribute classification mechanism. The findings were indicative of dominant factors such as opportunities for learning and development (µ=4.4), gifts at special periods (µ=4.7), and pay and rewards (µ=4.5). It was recommended that organizational and institutional policy drivers should continually consider these factors as expressed in the direct and group expectations of the employees in the policy-making and review processes.
If you plan to write a covered call option which will expire does traditional option pricing theory apply and, if not, what can replace the Greeks?
Authors: Samsa Greg 
Published: October 2020

The primary goal of option pricing theory is to calculate the probability that an option will be exercised at expiration. These calculations are often summarized using "the Greeks", for example, theta is the expected change in the price of the option associated with a 1-unit change in time. Options can either be traded or held until expiration. If the investor's intention is to write a covered call option which will expire, and is indifferent between whether or not the option is exercised, then option pricing theory in general and the Greeks in particular are not directly relevant to them. Here, we consider the question of what information in fact is important to an investor who writes such a covered call option, and then explore the extent to which an analogy between that investor's analysis and the Greeks can be developed. A case study is presented, and then it is demonstrated that an analogue of theta addresses the same general construct of time value decay. The degree to which the writing of covered calls is an investment strategy versus a speculative strategy is also considered. In conclusion, for an investor who intends to write a covered call option with the intention of allowing it to expire, even though the Greeks are not directly helpful, the principles which underpin their derivation very much are.
The Influence Of Facebook Marketing On Consumer Buying Intention Of Clothing: Evidence From Young Adults
Authors: Bernard D. T. Kingsley , Munasinghe A. A. S. N. , Premarathne I. K. R. J. , Wijayarathne S. 
Published: October 2020

As a result of the rapid improvements paved through global advertising pathways, marketers have started to promote their products through social media platforms and among that; Facebook had become the most popular mode of communicating out of all. The study was conducted with the objective of comprehensively investigating the influence of Facebook marketing on consumer buying intention of clothing using evidence of young adults. Predominantly, the research focused upon identifying the superiority of Facebook as a social media communication platform and its relevant impact upon advertising. Majority of the businesses aims toward increasing the reach, whereas Facebook users expect clear experience through Facebook rather than watching typical pop ups, web banners and adds. However,

Facebook marketing was identified to be positively and negatively influencing the companies and users. Therefore, focus was to analyze the impact to consumer’s buying
intention from Facebook marketing. The companies can identify the effectiveness of the
advertising and the improvement to be done. The study has undertaken a comprehensive survey to achieve the objectives of the research and those data was analyzed through component factor analysis, regression analysis and correlation coefficient. As per the results of the analysis, researchers have accomplished the stated objectives of the study. In conclusion, it was identified that there was a strong relationship between independent and dependent variables except E-WOM. Among that, Likes and sharing are the most important variables in Facebook marketing. According to outcomes, E- WOM was not an important variable, nonetheless researchers recommend focusing on E-WOM in order to convert this variable in to positive way to make better results, as previous researches stated that E-WOM can make massive impact to consumer purchase intention.
Hypothyroidism In Women With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: EMARAH MOHAMED S. A. , EL-NAGGAR MOHAMED A. , SHABACY ABEER EL , QUSHWA SAHAR H. 
Published: October 2020

Recurrent miscarriage, defined as loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies, occurs in 1–2% of couples attempting to bear children. The major causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) based on the literature include parental structural chromosome rearrangement, immunologic factors (i.e. antiphospholipid syndrome), thrombophilic factors (both inherited and acquired), anatomic factors of uterine anomalies, and endocrinologic disorders. Luteal phase defect, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease and hyperprolactinemia are among the endocrinologic disorders implicated in approximately 17% to 20% of RPL. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in the general population of reproductive age is about 2-3%.
The aim of this study is to observe the benefit of screening for hypothyroidism amongst women with recurrent spontaneous abortion early in the first trimester.
The study included one hundred and sixty (160) women, in the reproductive age of life, where there ages ranged from 20 – 33 years, and divided into two groups. Study group which included eighty (80), non pregnant women with a history of two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions early in the first trimester, with no living children and control group which included eighty (80), non pregnant women having one or more living children without any history of abortion.
Hypothyroidism was noted in ten (10) cases (12.5%) in the study group and noted in two (2) cases (2.5%) in the control group with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). The mean levels of TSH in the study group was 22.71  13.13 Iu/ml.
Conclusion: Screening for hypothyroidism has clinical significance and would help to reduce miscarriage rate in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Was Buddha a prophet?
Authors: Khattab Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2020

This research is a view of the life of Buddha in his childhood, in the palace of
his father, and his religious education taught by Hindu monks of the
Brahmins. He has reached a prestigious position in knowledge.
The research also dealt with the stage of his young adulthood, his marriage,
son and family. The report also reviewed the stage of searching for the truth
in the forest, accompanying a group of his friends, and then the report spoke
of the despair that entered Buddha's heart by not arriving a result, and how he
left the forest and the way of austerity.
The research spoke about the Enlightenment obtained under the tree of
knowledge, as a logical result of the journey of asceticism, worship and
mutilation. The research also touched on the Buddha's call and principles;
followed by his students and disciples, and the conditions he developed for
the individual to become Buddhist. Buddha's campaign was not an ordinary
religious call; it became preponderant that Buddha may have been a prophet,
after a comprehensive account of the evidences that accompanied it, but a
host of internal and external obstacles diverted the religion from its origin,
and moved it from its nature, to claim the divinity of the Buddha afterwards.
American GDP Alone Predicts Human Development
Authors: Bechtel Gordon , Bechtel Timothy 
Published: October 2020

Bechtel (2018, 2019) linked gross domestic product (GDP) to the United Nation’s Human Development Index (HDI). These results at the national level, and subsequent results at the global level (Bechtel, G. and Bechtel, T., 2020), induce our hypothesis that a transform of American GDP predicts global HDI. This hypothesis is confirmed by two distinct bilinear regressions in which global HDI is predicted by American GDP alone.
These empirical findings contribute to the socioeconomic and philosophical debate on the nature of well-being. They also show that HDI computation can be carried out from American GDP without survey sampling, questionnaire interrogation, probabilistic inference, significance testing, or even HDI data. In view of trade-war and covid-19 shocks to all national economies, international attention to American GDP is now compelling.
D DEMOCRACY, DEMOCRATISATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Udeoji Ebele 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Democracy and development are key concepts in the developmental discourse, and they are considered crucial to a sustainable developmental strategy. This study thus appraised the nexus between democracy and development in Nigeria. The study utilized content analysis and descriptive method to actualize the objectives of the research. This study revealed that absence of democratic paraphernalia like free and fair election, rule of law, constitutionalism among others, have constituted series of misunderstandings in the tenets and principles of liberal democracy, especially in Nigeria. The study further ascertained that factors such as: poor state of economy, high level of unemployment, illiteracy, ignorance, ethnicity, tribalism, ethno-religious crises, and poverty have coalesced to constitute impediments to the smooth and effective operation of democracy in Nigeria, with serious implications for democratization and sustainable development. Among others, the study recommends political, structural and institutional reforms of the Nigerian state in a manner that promote and deepen democracy and national development.
2017 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN KENYA CONTEXTUALIZED ON THE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY
Authors: Manyara Ibrahim J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper attempts to examine the controversy intertwined in the concept of democracy in theory and practice. It is argued that in political discourses and electoral processes in a State, the concept has been as controversial as it is from individual perspectives. In whichever situation, the proponents are convinced that they are indeed right yet they cannot all be true at the same time. After an election in a State, one set of politicians, voters and election observers will pass a verdict that the process was democratic while at the same time another set of politicians, voters and elections observers will dismiss the elections as flawed and undemocratic. In an attempt to seek answers to this controversy, the paper is divided into three parts. Part A engages in a detailed Ontological and Epistemological analysis of the views and perspectives of theorists and scholars in all historical epochs of academic development. Part B captures the case study of the 2017 presidential elections in Kenya while in Part C author attempts to contextualize the 2017 presidential elections in Kenya on the concept of democracy in an attempt to assess whether the elections were democratic or otherwise based on the researcher’s research findings of the elections. The paper combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches and is anchored on the investment theory of elections and game theory as the theoretical underpinnings. This study concludes that the 2017 presidential elections in Kenya were democratic and undemocratic at the same time.
Keywords: Ontology, Epistemology, Game theory, Investment theory of party competition.
Tanulás félárnyékban – tanórai, tanórán kívüli és iskolán kívüli tanulás az általános iskolákban
Authors: Imre Anna 
Published: October 2020

Absztrakt:
A tanulmány a tanórán kívüli tanulás lehetőségeit vizsgálja az élethosszig tartó
tanulás, illetve a tanulói részvétel értelmezési keretére támaszkodva három –
tanórai, tanórán kívüli és iskolán kívüli – tanulási környezet sajátosságainak
és eltéréseinek segítségével, a tanulók nézőpontján keresztül. Az elemzés
elsősorban három általános iskola felső tagozatos tanulói körében online
kérdőívvel felvett adatokra épít, de az összehasonlíthatóság érdekében országos
tendenciákat is bemutat az Országos kompetenciamérés adatainak segítségével az
érintett oktatási szintre és időszakra vonatkozóan. Az elemzés tapasztalatai
rámutatnak a tanulói részvétel különbségeivel összefüggő eltérésekre, valamint
az egyes tanulási környezetek néhány jellemzőjére, ezek tartós egymás mellett
élésére, s a tanulók életében betöltött jelentőségükre a napi időfelhasználás és
a tanulói értékelés tükrében.
Ember, gép, tanulás
Authors: Bessenyei István 
Published: October 2020

Absztrakt:
Az egyéni tanulási utak kialakításához szükséges információhalmazt az emberi agy
csak korlátozottan tudja kezelni. A mesterséges intelligencia fejlesztése nyomán
felmerül a kérdés, hogy nem lehetne-e ezt a feladatot külső algoritmusokra
bízni. A kérdés azért is jogos, mert az oktatási adatbányászat lehetőségeinek
nyomán a nagy adathalmazzal dolgozó cégek kezébe máris egyre több tanulói adat
kerül. Ez egyrészt segítséget nyújthat a differenciált oktatáshoz, másrészt az a
veszély is fennáll, hogy ezek a cégek egyéni tanulási utak kínálatával
párhuzamosan nemcsak a tanulási algoritmusokat és tartalmakat határozzák meg,
hanem az egyéni akaratok és választások fölötti uralmat is átveszik.