bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Belonging and the Self as Enterprise: Place, Relationships and the Formation of Occupation‐Based Identities
Authors: Cook Julia , Woodman Dan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch considering young adults’ experiences of place is characterised by two focal points: the relationship between place, education and employment; and immaterial aspects of place such as experiences of belonging and relationality. Previous research has worked across these focal points considering, for instance, how symbolic and immaterial factors and social ties can inform mobility choices and experiences. We extend this work by drawing on longitudinal qualitative data to show three ways that place attachment can be a part of the formation of contemporary occupation‐based identities. Using the concept of the self as enterprise (Kelly 2013), we mark out this development as part of a broader generational shift in occupational identities. We ultimately find that some young adults can remain in or return to meaningful rural and regional places by developing an occupational identity or ‘personal brand’ informed by changing occupational demands and enabled by social ties linked to specific places.
Platelet vesicles are potent inflammatory mediators in red blood cell products and washing reduces the inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Almizraq Ruqayyah J. , Kipkeu Betty J. , Acker Jason P. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDStudies suggest that washing red cell concentrates (RCCs) to remove soluble mediators and/or inflammatory components, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), may lead to better clinical outcomes. This study tested the hypothesis that non‐red blood cell (RBC) generated vesicles in RCC are potent inflammatory mediators in vitro and washing RCCs can reduce these vesicles and subsequently decrease the inflammatory activity of RCCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSixteen RCCs were pooled and split into four groups based on pre‐wash storage time (Day 2 or 14; n = 4/group). Each group was tested 24 hours and 7 days post‐wash. Characteristics of RBCs and EVs, cytokines released by monocytes, and expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) adhesion molecules were assessed.RESULTSAll RCCs meet quality standards for hemolysis, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. Washing did not remove residual platelets from RCCs but led to a significant reduction in platelet‐EV count regardless of the group. Supernatant of RCCs washed on Day 14 and stored for 24 hours had significantly lower concentrations of RBC‐EVs and white blood cell EVs compared to unwashed controls. Supernatant of unwashed RCCs showed higher production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines MCP‐1, IL‐8, and TNF‐α, and heightened expression of HUVEC VCAM‐1, which were significantly reduced by washing. Spiking washed RCC supernatants with platelet‐EVs showed significant increase in IL‐8, MCP‐1, VCAM‐1, and E‐selection in groups washed on Day 14.CONCLUSIONSPlatelet‐EVs in RCCs are associated with pro‐inflammatory activity. As washing significantly reduced RCC immunomodulatory activity, implementation of this process may improve transfusion outcomes.
The role of impacts on Archaean tectonics
Authors: O’Neill C. , Marchi S. , Bottke W. , Fu R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Field evidence from the Pilbara craton (Australia) and Kaapvaal craton (South Africa) indicate that modern tectonic processes may have been operating at ca. 3.2 Ga, a time also associated with a high density of preserved Archaean impact indicators. Recent work has suggested a causative association between large impacts and tectonic processes for the Hadean. However, impact flux estimates and spherule bed characteristics suggest impactor diameters of &lt;100 km at ca. 3.5 Ga, and it is unclear whether such impacts could perturb the global tectonic system. In this work, we develop numerical simulations of global tectonism with impacting effects, and simulate the evolution of these models throughout the Archaean for given impact fluxes. We demonstrate that moderate-size (∼70 km diameter) impactors are capable of initiating short-lived subduction, and that the system response is sensitive to impactor size, proximity to other impacts, and also lithospheric thickness gradients. Large lithospheric thickness gradients may have first appeared at ca. 3.5–3.2 Ga as cratonic roots, and we postulate an association between Earth’s thermal maturation, cratonic root stability, and the onset of widespread sporadic tectonism driven by the impact flux at this time.
Metasomatized lithospheric mantle for Mesozoic giant gold deposits in the North China craton
Authors: Wang Zaicong , Cheng Huai , Zong Keqing , Geng Xianlei , Liu Yongsheng , Yang Jinhui , Wu Fuyuan , Becker Harry , Foley Stephen , Wang Christina Yan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The origin of giant lode gold deposits of Mesozoic age in the North China craton (NCC) is enigmatic because high-grade metamorphic ancient crust would be highly depleted in gold. Instead, lithospheric mantle beneath the crust is the likely source of the gold, which may have been anomalously enriched by metasomatic processes. However, the role of gold enrichment and metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle remains unclear. Here, we present comprehensive data on gold and platinum group element contents of mantle xenoliths (n = 28) and basalts (n = 47) representing the temporal evolution of the eastern NCC. The results indicate that extensive mantle metasomatism and hydration introduced some gold (&lt;1–2 ppb) but did not lead to a gold-enriched mantle. However, volatile-rich basalts formed mainly from the metasomatized lithospheric mantle display noticeably elevated gold contents as compared to those from the asthenosphere. Combined with the significant inheritance of mantle-derived volatiles in auriferous fluids of ore bodies, the new data reveal that the mechanism for the formation of the lode gold deposits was related to the volatile-rich components that accumulated during metasomatism and facilitated the release of gold during extensional craton destruction and mantle melting. Gold-bearing, hydrous magmas ascended rapidly along translithospheric fault zones and evolved auriferous fluids to form the giant deposits in the crust.
How shear helps lava to flow
Authors: Harris A. , Mannini S. , Thivet S. , Chevrel M.O. , Gurioli L. , Villeneuve N. , Di Muro A. , Peltier A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Understanding the thermo-rheological regime and physical character of lava while it is flowing is crucial if we are to adequately model lava flow emplacement dynamics. We present measurements from simultaneous sampling and thermal imaging across the full width of an active channel at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion, France). Our data set involves measurements of flow dynamics at three sites down-channel from the vent. Quantification of flow velocities, cooling rates, sample texture, and rheology allows all thermo-rheological parameters to be linked, and down- as well as cross-channel variations to be examined. Within 150 m from the vent, we recorded an unexpected velocity increase (from 0.07 to 0.1 m/s), in spite of cooling rates of 0.19–0.29 °C/m and constant slope. This change requires a switch from a Newtonian-dominated regime to a Bingham plug–dominated regime. Sample analysis revealed that the plug consists of foam-like lava, and the shear zones involve vesicle-poor (low-viscosity) lava. With distance from the vent, shear zones develop, carrying the vesicular plug between them. This causes flow to initially accelerate, helped by bubble shearing in narrow lateral shear zones, until cooling takes over as the main driver for viscosity increase and, hence, velocity decrease.
Temporal variation in the diagnosis of resolved atrial fibrillation and the influence of performance targets on clinical coding: cohort study
Authors: Adderley Nicola , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Marshall Tom 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate whether the introduction of performance targets for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation (AF) was associated with a change in use of the ‘resolved AF’ code.DesignRetrospective cohort studies.SettingData from The Health Improvement Network, a UK database of electronic patient records, from 2000 to 2016.Participants250 788 adult patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of AF, including 14 757 with an incident diagnosis of ‘resolved AF’.Main outcome measuresAnnual and monthly incidence of ‘resolved AF’ from 2000 to 2016. Among patients with ‘resolved AF’, for each year we calculated median duration of the preceding AF diagnosis and the proportion prescribed anticoagulants prior to ‘resolved AF’.ResultsIncidence of ‘resolved AF’ increased from 5.7 to 26.3 per 1000 person-years between 2005 and the introduction of AF performance targets in 2006. Compared with the years prior to the introduction of the performance targets, incidence has remained higher in every year since their implementation. Since 2007, monthly incidence has been highest between January and March. Between 2005 and 2006, median duration between AF and ‘resolved AF’ diagnoses increased from 276 days (9 months) to 1343 days (3 years 8 months). Among ‘resolved AF’ patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥1, 81.9% (95% CI 81.1 to 82.6) had no current anticoagulant prescription, and 62.3% (95% CI 61.4 to 63.2) had no record of any anticoagulant prescription.ConclusionThe introduction of AF performance targets was followed by a large increase in use of the ‘resolved AF’ code, particularly in the months immediately before practices make their anticoagulant performance target submissions. Although most AF patients are prescribed anticoagulants, few patients diagnosed with ‘resolved AF’ are prescribed anticoagulants and most have never been prescribed them. Untreated patients are much more likely to be coded as having ‘resolved AF’.
Risk of aortic dissection, congestive heart failure, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with clinical vertebral fracture: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Feng-You , Chen Wei-Kung , Lin Cheng-Li , Kao Chia-Hung , Yang Tse-Yen , Lai Ching-Yuan 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveStudies on the association between clinical vertebral fractures (CVFs) and the subsequent risk of cardiopulmonary diseases, including aortic dissection (AD), congestive heart failure (CHF), pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are scarce. Therefore, we used the National Health Insurance Research Database to investigate whether patients with CVF have a heightened risk of subsequent AD, CHF, pneumonia and ARDS.DesignThe National Health Insurance Research Database was used to investigate whether patients with CVFs have an increased risk of subsequent AD, CHF, pneumonia and ARDS.ParticipantsThis cohort study comprised patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of CVF and were hospitalised at any point during 2000–2010 (n=1 08 935). Each CVF patient was frequency-matched to a no-CVF hospitalised patients based on age, sex, index year and comorbidities (n=1 08 935). The Cox proportional hazard regressions model was used to estimate the adjusted effect of CVF on AD, CHF, pneumonia and ARDS risk.ResultsThe overall incidence of AD, CHF, pneumonia and ARDS was higher in the CVF group than in the no-CVF group (4.85 vs 3.99, 119.1 vs 89.6, 283.3 vs 183.5 and 9.18 vs 4.18/10 000 person-years, respectively). After adjustment for age, sex, comorbidities and Charlson comorbidity index score, patients with CVF had a 1.23-fold higher risk of AD (95% CI=1.03–1.45), 1.35-fold higher risk of CHF (95% CI=1.30–1.40), 1.57-fold higher risk of pneumonia (95% CI=1.54–1.61) and 2.21-fold higher risk of ARDS (95% CI=1.91–2.57) than did those without CVF. Patients with cervical CVF and SCI were more likely to develop pneumonia and ARDS.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that CVFs are associated with an increased risk of subsequent cardiopulmonary diseases. Future investigations are encouraged to delineate the mechanisms underlying this association.
Evaluation of prolonged ‘Permissive Hypotension’: results from a 6-hour hemorrhage protocol in swine
Authors: Morgan Clifford G , Neidert Leslie E , Hathaway Emily N , Rodriguez Gerardo J , Schaub Leasha J , Cardin Sylvain , Glaser Jacob J 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundTactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines for hemorrhage recommend resuscitation to systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 85±5 mm Hg during prehospital care. Success depends on transport to definitive care within the ‘golden hour’. As future conflicts may demand longer prehospital/transport times, we sought to determine safety of prolonged permissive hypotension (PH).MethodsAdult male swine were randomized into three experimental groups. Non-shock (NS)/normotensive underwent anesthesia only. NS/PH was bled to SBP of 85±5 mm Hg for 6 hours of prolonged field care (PFC) with SBP maintained via crystalloid, then recovered. Experimental group underwent controlled hemorrhage to mean arterial pressure 30 mm Hg until decompensation (Decomp/PH), followed by 6 hours of PFC. Hemorrhaged animals were then resuscitated with whole blood and observed for 24 hours. Physiologic variables, blood, tissue samples, and neurologic scores were collected.ResultsSurvival of all groups was 100%. Fluid volumes to maintain targeted SBP in PFC were significantly higher in the hemorrhage group than sham groups. After 24 hours’ recovery, no significant differences were observed in neurologic scores or cerebrospinal fluid markers of brain injury. No significant changes in organ function related to treatment were observed during PFC through recovery, as assessed by serum chemistry and histological analysis.ConclusionsAfter 6 hours, a prolonged PH strategy showed no detrimental effect on survival or neurologic outcome despite the increased ischemic burden of hemorrhage. Significant fluid volume was required to maintain SBP—a potential logistic burden for prehospital care. Further work to define maximum allowable time of PH is needed.Study typeTranslational animal model.Level of evidenceN/A.
Reversal of sustained ventricular tachycardia with magnesium but not with lidocaine in a dog during the perianaesthetic period
Authors: Ranninger Elisabeth , Bartoszuk Urszula , Kutter Annette 
Published: November 2019

A one‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old, male neutered Pyrenean mountain dog was presented with bleeding after orchiectomy at a private veterinary practice. Drops of blood were emerging from the surgical site. Clinical evaluation evidenced slightly pale mucous membranes and a mildly elevated heart rate. Preoperative blood testing revealed a mild hyperlactataemia. Due to the haemorrhage, anaesthesia was induced for surgical ligation of the vessel. During dissection of the testicular vessels, repeated episodes of sudden sustained ventricular tachycardia (heart rate >190 beats per minute, lasting about one minute) and hypotension were observed. Despite repeated intravenous lidocaine boluses (8 mg/kg total) and a constant rate infusion (80 μg/kg/minute), the ventricular tachycardia did not cease. After an intravenous magnesium infusion, a sinus rhythm returned within 20 minutes of administration. In view of ventricular tachycardia resistant to conventional therapies, magnesium administration might be a safe adjuvant pharmacological option, as described in the case herein.
Rabbit welfare: determining priority welfare issues for pet rabbits using a modified Delphi method
Authors: Rioja‐Lang Fiona , Bacon Heather , Connor Melanie , Dwyer Cathy Mary 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundRabbits are the third most popular pet in the UK, but little research into their welfare needs has been conducted.MethodsA modified Delphi method was used to generate expert consensus on the most important welfare issues for rabbits in the UK. The study involved 11 experts, recruited from a range of disciplines. The experts generated an initial broad list of welfare issues via an online discussion board. Two rounds of online surveys were conducted to prioritise these issues. The final round was a workshop with a subsection of experts. The experts decided that welfare issues should be ranked considering: (1) severity, (2) duration, and (3) prevalence.ResultsExperts considered that rabbits were often kept in inadequate housing, were not handled or socialised properly, were fed inappropriate diets and owners failed to vaccinate their rabbits against preventable diseases. Rabbits were thought to experience a reduced life expectancy. Lack of owner knowledge of rabbit husbandry and behaviour and, in some cases, also lack of veterinary knowledge, contributed to poor rabbit welfare.ConclusionsThe Delphi process resulted in consensus on the most significant welfare challenges faced by rabbits and can help guide future research and education priority decisions.
Complex time route to quantum backreaction
Authors: Rajeev Karthik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe consider the backreaction of a quantum system q on an effectively classical degree of freedom C that is interacting with it. The backreaction equation based on the standard path integral formalism gives the so-called ‘in-out’ backreaction equation, which has several serious pathologies. One can use a different backreaction prescription, referred to as the ‘in-in’ approach, which resolves all the issues of ‘in-out’ backreaction equation. However, this procedure is usually invoked in a rather ad hoc manner. Here we provide a rigorous path integral derivation of the ‘in-in’ approach by exploiting the concept of quantum evolution along complex time contours. It turns out that, this approach can also be used to study both the ‘in-in’ and ‘in-out’ backreaction equations in a unified manner.
Calculation of the $$B\rightarrow K_{0,2}^*(1430)f_0(980)/\sigma $$ decays in the perturbative QCD approach
Authors: Li Qi-Xin , Yang Lei , Zou Zhi-Tian , Li Ying , Liu Xin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMotivated by the observations of the decays $$B^0 \rightarrow K_0^{*}(1430)^0 f_0(980)$$B0→K0∗(1430)0f0(980) and $$ B^0 \rightarrow K_2^{*}(1430)^0 f_0(980)$$B0→K2∗(1430)0f0(980) from BaBar collaboration, we study the $$B^{0(+)} \rightarrow K_{0,2}^{*}(1430)^{0(+)} f_0(980)/\sigma $$B0(+)→K0,2∗(1430)0(+)f0(980)/σ decays in the perturbative QCD approach for the first time. In the absence of reliable nonperturbative wave functions we only assume the scalar meson $$f_0(980)$$f0(980) and $$\sigma $$σ are two-quark ground states. In our calculations, these decays are all dominated by the hard-scattering emission and annihilation diagrams, while the factorizable emission diagrams are forbidden or suppressed heavily by the vector decay constants. Furthermore, the branching fractions are sensitive to the mixing between $$f_0(980)$$f0(980) and $$\sigma $$σ. Comparing our results with the experimental data, a large mixing angle $$\theta $$θ is favored. Taking $$\theta =145^\circ $$θ=145∘, the orders of branching fractions of $$B \rightarrow K_0^{*}(1430)^0 \sigma $$B→K0∗(1430)0σ, $$B \rightarrow K_{2}^{*}(1430)^0 \sigma $$B→K2∗(1430)0σ and $$B \rightarrow K_{0,2}^{*}(1430)^0 f_0(980)$$B→K0,2∗(1430)0f0(980) are predicted to be $$10^{-4}$$10-4, $$10^{-5}$$10-5 and $$10^{-6}$$10-6, respectively, which can be measured in the current experiments such as LHCb and Belle-2. In addition, although these decays are penguin dominant, the mixing also leads to large direct CP asymmetries in these decays. With the precise data in future, our results could shed light on the inner structure of the scalar mesons and can be used to determine the mixing angle of the $$\sigma -f_0(980)$$σ-f0(980) system.
Computational study on unconventional superconductivity and mechanical properties of novel antiferrromagnetic (Ca,Sr,Ba)Fe2Bi2compounds
Authors: Jayalakshmi D. S. , Sundareswari M. , Viswanathan E. , Hemanand D. , Pranesh Venkat 
Published: November 2019

The ab initio calculation is performed to investigate about the structural and the electron transport properties of the experimentally reported (parent) compounds viz., BaFe2As2, SrFe2As2, CaFe2As2and the novel compounds which are anticipated from our computational work namely BaFe2Bi2, SrFe2Bi2, CaFe2Bi2with different magnetic order. The space group of the reported compounds is I4/mmm (139) and belong to ThCr2Si2type. The formation energies of the reported compounds are compared in the anti-ferromagnetic (AFM), nonmagnetic (NM) and ferromagnetic (FM) orders. From the comparison, it reveals that the anti-ferro magnetism is the stabled state for the reported compounds. At ambient temperature with constant relaxation time, the resistivity, power factor, Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are computed by using BoltzTraP transport theory code. To explain the superconducting nature of the novel compounds the transition temperature (T[Formula: see text]), electron–phonon coupling factor and Debye temperature are calculated and presented. The mechanical stability of the compounds is examined by using Young’s, bulk and shear modulus, anisotropy constant and Poisson’s ratio which are calculated by using Tetra-elastic code. The Mechanical Temperament of these compounds is analyzed by using Pugh’s ratio. The ELATE tool is used to visualize the elastic properties of these compounds. The thermodynamical stability of the compounds is examined by using Gibbs free energy, vibrational Helmholtz free energy and entropy which are calculated by using Gibbs2 code. All the properties of the theoretically predicted (novel) compounds are analyzed and compared with their parent (experimentally reported) compounds.
Don't write short texts, write concise ones
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: November 2019

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Applying specific communication techniques can only be achieved by first understanding the fundamental principles. In this article, Phil Yaffe shares a new one: Your writing should be as long as necessary, and as short as possible.