bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At three years, patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are still at risk for relapse. Results of the international MRC UKALLXII/ECOG E2993 trial
Authors: Ganzel Chezi , Wang Xin V. , Rowe Jacob M. , Richards Susan M. , Buck Georgina , Marks David I. , Litzow Mark R. , Paietta Elisabeth M. , Foroni Letizia , Luger Selina M. , Willman Cheryl L. , Mullighan Charles G. , Roberts Kathryn G. , Wiernik Peter H. , Douer Dan , Lazarus Hillard M. , Tallman Martin S. , Goldstone Anthony H. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryLate relapse [>3 years from complete remission (CR)] in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), is unusual. Data from the MRC UKALLXII/ECOG E2993 trial are presented to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of late relapse in adult ALL. Of 1,909 patients, 1,752 (92%) achieved CR and among these 757 (43·2%) relapsed; 691 (91·3%) within three years and 66 (8·7%) beyond. Among these 66 patients, median time to relapse was 47 (37–144) months. Relapse beyond three years occurred in 3·8% of all who achieved CR. The cumulative risk of relapse was 40%, 43% and 45% at three, five and ten years respectively. Out of the 1 752 patients who achieved CR, 11·7% underwent autologous and 40·6% allogeneic transplant, while in CR1. Of the autologous patients, 43·2% relapsed early and 3·4% relapsed late. However, among the allogeneic patients, 13·2% relapsed early and only 1·3% late. The five‐year overall survival from relapse was 5·8% and 20% in the early and late relapse patients respectively. In conclusion, late relapse in adults with ALL is not uncommon, and is associated with better outcome after relapse compared to early relapse.
Ring finger protein 219 regulates inflammatory responses by stabilizing sirtuin 1
Authors: Hwang Jung Seok , Kim Eunsu , Hur Jinwoo , Yoon Taek Joon , Seo Han Geuk 
Published: March 2020

Background and PurposeRing finger protein 219 (RNF219), a protein containing the C3HC4‐type RING‐HC motif, has been identified as a binding partner of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). To explore the functions of RNF219, we examined its possible roles in the cellular responses to inflammation.Experimental ApproachEffects of RNF219 on SIRT1 were studied in vitro using RAW264.7 cells and in male BALB/c mice, treated with LPS or IFN‐γ. Western blots, RT‐PCR, co‐immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays were used, along with LC‐MS/MS analysis. In vivo, survival and serum cytokines and tissue levels of RNF219 and SIRT1 were measured.Key ResultsBinding of RNF219 to SIRT1 inhibited degradation of SIRT1 by preventing its ubiquitination, thereby prolonging SIRT1‐mediated anti‐inflammatory signalling. LPS caused RNF219 deacetylation, leading to instability of RNF219 and preventing its association with SIRT1. Accordingly, the acetylation status of RNF219 is a critical determinant in its interaction with SIRT1, affecting the response to inflammatory stimuli. The deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, increased acetylation and stability of RNF219 and survival of mice injected with LPS, through the interaction of RNF219 with SIRT1.Conclusion and ImplicationsRNF219 is involved in a novel mechanism to stabilize SIRT1 protein by protein–protein interaction, leading to the resolution of cellular inflammation. These observations provide new insights into the function of RNF219 in modulation of cellular inflammation, and may aid and encourage the development of new anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Preparation and separation of epothilones with anticancer activity
Authors: Long Rong , Yang Wenjian , Huang Gangliang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpothilone is a kind of macrolide compound, which has anticancer activity and strong inhibitory effect on breast cancer and rectal cancer cells. Herein, the chemical and biological synthesis of epothilones and how to improve fermentation yield and separation methods were summarized and discussed.
Beyond weight loss: Impact of a weight management programme for mid‐older Australians in private health insurance
Authors: McGill Bronwyn , Bauman Adrian , Phongsavan Philayrath , Grunseit Anne C. , Lees Dominic , Shepherd Leah , Lawler Luke , O'Hara Blythe J. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryWeight‐loss maintenance and lifestyle behaviour necessary to manage weight are undisputedly challenging. We evaluated a secondary prevention weight‐loss maintenance programme for participants (n = 490) with weight‐related chronic disease in the Australian private health insurance setting. This study investigated the impact of the maintenance programme on anthropometric and lifestyle risk behaviour changes after 6 and 12 months, and trends in weight‐loss maintenance after 1 year. Using a pre‐ and post‐test design, data were analysed with generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures to determine the effect of the programme on weight loss and lifestyle behaviour outcomes. After initially losing a clinically significant amount of weight (mean 9.1 kg), maintenance‐programme participants maintained clinically significant weight loss (mean 7.6 kg) at 12 months. Rates of discontinuation in the programme were high (47% at 6 months and 73% at 12 months). Weight‐loss maintenance was achieved by 76% of participants at 3 months and 62% at 6 months, stabilizing at 55% and 56% at 9 and 12 months, respectively. Greater initial weight loss was associated with weight‐loss maintenance at 12 months. Participants <55 years demonstrated consistent weight‐loss maintenance over this time but the odds for successful weight‐loss maintenance for those ≥55 years continued to decrease over time. At maintenance‐baseline, 68.3% of participants had sufficient physical activity for health; 61.4% and 19.8% met recommended fruit and vegetable consumption, respectively. All lifestyle risk behaviours were maintained at 12 months. A programme extending support strategies for maintaining weight‐related behaviour shows promise to successfully support these changes over 12 months. There is a potentially important opportunity for targeted intervention at 6 to 9 months.
Realisation of polyester fabrics with low transmission for ultraviolet light
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Toufiqul , Mahltig Boris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDue to the hazardous impact of ultraviolet (UV) light, textiles with UV‐protective properties are in great demand. This paper is related to the equipment of polyester textiles, with three different organic and water‐insoluble UV absorbers containing a cinnamate basic structure. To apply the UV absorbers from water‐based recipes, they are combined with polyethylene glycol PEG200 and different dispersing agents. The application onto two different polyester textiles is performed with a conventional high temperature process driven at 130°C with a process duration of more than 1 hour. Alternatively, an innovative microwave‐assisted process of a shorter duration of only 15 minutes is performed at 130°C. This microwave process is performed under solvothermal conditions using a CEM discover microwave machine. The sample evaluation is performed by UV‐visible spectroscopy in an arrangement of diffusive transmission with a special view of the spectral region from 300 to 500 nm. Finally, polyester fabrics with enhanced UV‐protective properties are realised. It is possible to decrease the diffusive transmission for the complete range of UV light to values of smaller than 5%. By contrast, the influence on the interaction with visible light is low, so the coloration properties of the treated polyester fabrics are less affected. The developed process can be used to realise polyester fabrics for various UV‐protective applications by a simple approach. The developed microwave process allows a decrease in process duration to more than 75% compared with the analogously presented high temperature process.
Influence of crop variety and fertilization on oviposition preference and larval performance of a generalist herbivore, the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta
Authors: Batallas Ronald E. , Rossato José A.S. , Mori Boyd A. , Beres Brian L. , Evenden Maya L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance of herbivores is an essential question in the field of plant–insect interactions and may have important implications on integrated pest management practices. Here, we investigated the preference–performance relationship of a generalist herbivore, the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Leucaniini). We evaluated the effect of crop species, cultivars, and fertilization rate on host use by adult and larval M. unipuncta in both laboratory and field experiments. Female M. unipuncta preferred to oviposit on cereals (Triticum aestivum L., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L., all Poaceae) compared to oilseed (Brassica napus L., Brassicaceae) or pulse (Pisum sativum L., Fabaceae) crops. The preference–performance relationship was examined further on four cereal crops, spring wheat (T. aestivum cv. CDC Go), winter wheat (T. aestivum cv. CDC Buteo), feed barley (H. vulgare cv. Xena), and malt barley (H. vulgare cv. Copeland). Feed barley was the least preferred cereal by female moths but resulted in the highest larval performance of all tested plants suggesting that females did not select the host on which their offspring performs best, based on nutrient content. In contrast, late‐instar larvae selected the hosts, feed barley and malt barley, on which they performed the best, suggesting that larvae have a more active role in host selection for development, compared to adult females. The addition of fertilizer to host plants did not influence adult female oviposition preference. Larvae reared on plants treated with the half (70 mg N) or full (140 mg N) dose of fertilizer resulted in heavier pupae, compared to those reared on unfertilized plants, regardless of crop variety. However, under field conditions fertilization did not enhance larval performance on feed barley plants. The generalist herbivore M. unipuncta does not exhibit the ‘mother knows best’ principle on the tested hosts and potentially employs a bet‐hedging strategy instead.
Stable isotopes reveal unexpected relationships between fire history and the diet of Spotted Owls
Authors: Hobart Brendan K. , Kramer H. Anu , Jones Gavin M. , Dotters Brian P. , Whitmore Sheila A. , Keane John J. , Peery M. Zachariah 
Published: March 2020

Although the effects of shifting fire regimes on bird populations have been recognized as important to ecology and conservation, the consequences of fire for trophic interactions of avian species – and raptors in particular – remain relatively unknown. Here, we found that within national parks with long‐standing (40+ years) fire management programmes, California Spotted Owls Strix occidentalis occidentalis consumed predominantly Woodrats Neotoma spp. and Pocket Gophers Thomomys spp.; however, in contrast to our predictions, when their territories experienced more extensive and frequent fire, Spotted Owls consumed proportionally more Flying Squirrels Glaucomys oregonensis. We hypothesize this finding could have been driven by either changes to prey abundance following fires (e.g. increases in flying squirrels) or changes to prey availability (e.g. shifts in forest structure or flying squirrel spatial distribution that increased predation upon them by owls). Our work thus demonstrates that fire may have unexpected consequences for the trophic interactions of raptor species and provides valuable information for the conservation of Spotted Owls in fire‐prone forest landscapes.
Constraint versus restraint in the body mass dynamics during moult of a species with precocial young
Authors: Van Dellen Amanda W. , Riecke Thomas V. , Leach Alan G. , Nicolai Christopher A. , Person Brian T. , Lemons Patrick R. , Eichholz Michael W. , Lindberg Mark S. , Schamber Jason L. , Herzog Mark P. , Sedinger James S. 
Published: March 2020

Body mass declines during wing moult in numerous, but not all, populations of Anatidae. We assessed two leading hypotheses for body mass dynamics during wing moult: (1) body mass dynamics are adapted to attain a target body mass at the end of wing moult (restraint hypothesis) vs. (2) body mass dynamics reflect environmental constraint on the nutrient–energy balance during wing moult (constraint hypothesis). We used regressions of mass of breeding female Black Brant Branta bernicla nigricans on ninth primary length (a measure of moult stage) for each of 16 years to assess mass dynamics during wing moult and used regression equations to predict mass at the beginning and end of wing moult each year. We also included gosling mass at 30 days (an indicator of forage availability) in models of adult mass to assess how mass dynamics varied as a function of foraging conditions. Predicted body mass (± 95% CI) at the start of wing moult (ninth primary = 0 mm) varied significantly among years from 1032 ± 52 to 1169 ± 27 g. Similarly, predicted mass in late wing moult (ninth primary = 142 mm) ranged from 1048 ± 25 to 1222 ± 28 g. The rate of mass gain was significantly related to gosling mass at 30 days: interaction between adult ninth primary length and gosling mass = 0.0031 ± 0.0020 (P = 0.003). Females initiated wing moult at lower body masses, gained mass more rapidly and ended with wing moult heaviest when goslings were heaviest. Body mass dynamics of female Black Brant during wing moult were consistent with the constraint hypothesis. The positive association between gosling mass and rate of body mass gain by adult females during wing moult was also consistent with the constraint hypothesis.
Perception of a modular 3D print model in undergraduate endodontic education
Authors: Hanafi A. , Donnermeyer D. , Schäfer E. , Bürklein S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate a modular 3D print training dental model with embedded human teeth and electronic working length determination for undergraduate endodontic education.MethodologyCone‐beam volume tomography data of a human skull were transferred into stereolithographic (STL) data, and a customizable modular 3D print model with individually removable sextants and teeth was generated for the use in commercially available phantom heads. Each of sixty‐eight students performed a complete root canal treatment on an extracted human tooth. Working lengths were determined with electronic apex locators (EAL) and verified radiographically. Subsequently, an evaluation was carried out with regard to the difficulty of the working steps access cavity preparation, working length determination, root canal preparation/irrigation and canal filling, and these steps were compared to commonly used benchtop models. Additionally, the agreement of electronic and radiographic working length determination was assessed and analysed statistically with the chi‐square test.ResultsA total of 68 teeth (20 incisors, 26 premolars and 22 molars) with 127 root canals were treated. In total, 87% of the students considered the modular 3D print model considerably more demanding than the conventional benchtop model. Overall, 96% felt better prepared for the clinical situation, 92% felt markedly reduced stress levels during endodontic practice in the subsequent clinical courses, and 93% of the students suggested the model should be used in future preclinical endodontic training. The preradiographic use of EAL resulted in 85% of the cases having radiographically acceptable working length determination within 0–2 mm from the radiographic apex. Readings more than 2 mm from the apex or beyond were significantly more common in molars than in premolars and incisors (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe vast majority of students rated the modular 3D print training model positively despite it being more demanding. They also recommended its use in preclinical teaching and training. The model allowed a more realistic simulation of the clinical situation with a simultaneous use of EALs and led to reduced stress levels in endodontic treatment in the subsequent clinical courses.
Nonlinear transmission of U.S. monetary policy shocks to international financial markets
Authors: Ha Jongrim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing local projection and event studies, this paper investigates the nonlinear effects of U.S. monetary policy shocks on financial‐asset prices in 10 advanced economies from 1990 to 2014. The international asset prices show evidence of the asymmetric or state‐dependent propagation of U.S. monetary shocks. Moreover, the results indicate that the nature of the nonlinearity in the propagation of the shocks differs across two asset classes, bond yields, and equity prices. Contractionary U.S. monetary policy shocks are quite influential in sovereign bond markets, while their impacts are largely insignificant in stock markets; the opposite is true for expansionary monetary policy shocks. These results are typical across open economies and suggest that U.S. monetary announcements and the subsequent reactions of international risk premiums may play a critical role in international shock propagation.
Dilatometric fragility and prediction of the viscosity curve of glass‐forming liquids
Authors: Ding Linfeng , Qu Conghang , Yang Yongjian , Wilkinson Collin J. , Lee Kuo‐Hao , DeCeanne Anthony V. , Doss Karan , Mauro John C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractViscosity and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are both crucial properties in the design of new glasses for various applications. In this work, we extend the application of dilatometry to measure two important parameters governing the viscosity of glass‐forming systems, viz., glass transition temperature and fragility index. We also describe a method to determine the dilatometric fictive temperature (Tf,DIL) and present data for five unique glass compositions covering a range of fragilities spanning 38‐96, which are subjected to cooling and reheating rates in the range 1‐30 K/min. The results show that the glass transition temperature obtained from the dilatometric method at 10 K/min (Tg,DIL) is consistent with both viscosity‐based (Tg,vis) and DSC‐based measurements (Tg,DSC). It is shown that the fragility of a liquid (mvis) can be determined by calibrating the dilatometric fragility (mDIL) with the same empirical model as in the calorimetric approach. Put together, we have developed a reliable method to measure the fragility and predict the viscosity curves of glass‐forming liquids over a wide range (eg, 101‐1016 Pa·s) without direct viscosity measurements, while simultaneously obtaining the CTE of the glass. However, this method is not suitable for glasses with a strong tendency toward phase separation or crystallization.
Pearl powder reduces sleep disturbance stress response through regulating proteomics in a rat model of sleep deprivation
Authors: Xia Meng , Huang Delun , Tong Yuangming , Lin Jiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore whether pearl could help prevent cognitional morbidity and improve the metabolic processes of hippocampus.MethodsRats were divided into group of control (CTL), sleep deprivation (SD) and pearl powder (PP). The sleeplessness was introduced to all rats except control. Before and after administration with vehicle or pearl powder, cognition was evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM). The protein expression in hippocampus among all groups was examined using iTRAQ‐based global proteomic analysis.ResultsMorris water maze tests revealed improvements of insomnia‐induced cognitive deficit in both PP‐ and ES‐treated rats, as compared to SD rats. However, proteomic analysis indicates that the pharmacological impact on gene expression of these two medicines is quite different: pearl is more capable of correcting aberrant gene expression caused by SD than estazolam. Therefore, pearl is more suitable for treatment of insomnia. These data, together with protein‐protein interaction analysis, indicate that several pathways, affected by sleep deprivation, may be rescued by pearl powder: retrograde endocannabinoid signalling pathway, and the protein interaction or network enrich in oxidative phosphorylation Parkinson's disease and Huntington disease, etcConclusionsSleep deprivation can mimic cognition decline caused by insomnia with altered protein expression in the hippocampus; such behavioural and pathological changes can be significantly ameliorated by pearl powder.
MicroRNA‐155‐3p promotes glioma progression and temozolomide resistance by targeting Six1
Authors: Chen Guangyong , Chen Zhuo , Zhao Hang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe prognosis of glioma is generally poor and is the cause of primary malignancy in the brain. The role of microRNAs has been implicated in tumour inhibition or activation. In several cancers, the Six1 signalling pathway has been found to be aberrant and also relates to the formation of tumours. We analysed the database for expression profiles and clinical specimens of various grades of glioma to assess microRNA‐155‐3p (miR‐155‐3p) expression. The role of miR‐155‐3p in glioblastoma, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and resistance to temozolomide was assessed in vitro through flow cytometry and cell proliferation assays. Bioinformatics analyses, and assays using luciferase reporter, and immunoblotting revealed that miR‐155‐3p targets Six1 and that the relationship between glioma and healthy brain tissues was significantly inverse. In rescue experiments, overexpressed Six1 revoked the changes in cell cycle distribution, proliferation and resistance to temozolomide estimated by apoptosis induced by overexpressed miR‐155‐3p. MiR‐155‐3p inhibition reduced glioma cell growth and proliferation in the brain of a mouse model and increased the survival of mice with gliomas. Thus, miR‐155‐3p modulates Six1 expression and facilitates the progression of glioblastoma and resistance to temozolomide and may act as a novel diagnostic biomarker and a target for glioma treatment.
A polygenic score for age‐at‐first‐birth predicts disinhibition
Authors: Richmond‐Rakerd Leah S. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Arseneault Louise , Belsky Daniel W. , Connor Jennie , Corcoran David L. , Harrington HonaLee , Houts Renate M. , Poulton Richie , Prinz Joey A. , Ramrakha Sandhya , Sugden Karen , Wertz Jasmin , Williams Benjamin S. , Caspi Avshalom 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundA recent genome‐wide association study identified molecular‐genetic associations with age‐at‐first‐birth. However, the meaning of these genetic discoveries is unclear. Drawing on evidence linking early pregnancy with disinhibitory behavior, we tested the hypothesis that genetic discoveries for age‐at‐first‐birth predict disinhibition.MethodsWe included participants with genotype data from the two‐decade‐long Environmental Risk (E‐Risk) Study (N = 1,999) and the four‐decade‐long Dunedin Study (N = 918). We calculated a genome‐wide polygenic score for age‐at‐first‐birth and tested whether it was associated with a range of disinhibitory outcomes across the life course, including low childhood self‐control; risk for externalizing psychopathology; officially recorded criminal offending; substance dependence; informant reports of disinhibitory problems; and number of lifetime sexual partners. We further tested whether associations were attributable to accelerated pubertal maturation.ResultsIn both cohorts, the age‐at‐first‐birth polygenic score predicted low childhood self‐control, externalizing psychopathology, officially recorded criminal offending, substance dependence, and number of sexual partners. Associations were modest, but robust across replication. Childhood disinhibition partly mediated associations between the polygenic score and reproductive behaviors. In contrast, associations were not attributable to accelerated pubertal timing.ConclusionsGenomic discoveries for age‐at‐first‐birth are about more than reproductive biology: They provide insight into the disinhibitory traits and behaviors that accompany early parenthood. Age‐at‐first‐birth is a useful proxy phenotype for researchers interested in disinhibition. Further, interventions that improve self‐regulation abilities may benefit young parents and their children.