bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interrater reliability of dynamic leap and balance test in healthy and chronic ankle instability
Authors: Jaffri Abbis H. , Amjad Muhammad , Saliba Susan 
Published: August 2020

The primary aim of this study was to assess the interrater reliability of the Dynamic Leap and Balance Test (DLBT) in chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy groups. The secondary aim was to assess the differences in errors and time taken to complete the DLBT between the two groups for both raters and to identify cutoff scores to distinguish between patients with CAI and healthy controls. This was a controlled laboratory reliability analysis study. Fourteen healthy college‐aged subjects (9 women 5 men; weight = 62.10 ± 8.03; height = 168.35 ± 6.0) and sixteen with a history of CAI (9 women, 7 men; weight = 68.01 ± 10.74; height = 172.08 ± 11.37) participated. Interrater reliability was determined by independent raters for both total time taken to complete the task and errors made. The most optimal score to discriminate between two groups was determined by receiver operator curve analysis. Total time taken and errors made were also documented for group differences as secondary analysis. A strong agreement was found between the two raters for time and errors with intraclass correlation coefficient >0.80. Significantly (P < .05) higher number of errors were made and greater time taken by the CAI subjects when compared with healthy for both raters. The most optimal score to discriminate between CAI and healthy control was 43.28s and 4 errors. Excellent interrater reliability substantiates that it can be used confidently by different clinicians for testing dynamic balance. CAI group took more time and made more errors to complete the DLBT.
Ridge–mulch tillage and rotation with broad bean affect soil microbial community, diversity and crop yield in a long‐term potato continuous cropping field
Authors: Kang Yichen , Liu Yun , Qin Shuhao , Zhang Weina , Shi MingFu , Fan Yanling , Yang Xinyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoil microbial disorder caused by continuous cropping of potato is a major challenge in the semi‐arid region of northwest China. Crop rotation can enhance crop productivity and increase soil microbial diversity. However, the functional significance of changes in soil microbial communities in different ridge‐mulching patterns of potato continuous cropping soil is poorly understood. In view of this, a study was conducted in a 5‐year potato field, to determine the effect of three different tillage practices (nonfilm‐mulched flat plot‐CK, half‐mulched ridge cropping‐T1 and fully mulched ridge cropping‐T2) and two cropping systems (potato‐potato‐C and potato/broad bean‐R) on changes in the microbial community of the soil. The soil microbial community and diversity were examined using the high‐throughput sequencing methods. The dominant bacteria phylum found in the soil was Proteobacteria. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in fully mulched ridge plots was greater than in half‐mulched ridge and nonfilm‐mulched flat plot. The dominant bacteria genus, Arthrobacter and Planctomyces, were found in the potato–broad bean rotation system, whereas Streptomyces, Steroidobacter and Lysobacter were foremost in the plots under continuous cropping of potato. The dominant phylum of fungi was Ascomycota, and the ratio was increased by film mulching under the continuous cropping system. The relative abundances of dominant genus Monographella, Humicola and Fusarium in the continuous cropping system were higher than that of the rotation system, while Mortierella and Acremonium were dominant in the rotation plots. Moreover, the relative abundance of Humicola and Mortierella was higher in fully mulched ridge plots, while Monographella and Acremonium were higher in the nonfilm‐mulched flat plots. Ridge–mulch tillage and rotation with broad bean could change the composition of soil microbial phylum and genus level, and ridge–mulch tillage may also effect on soil microbial diversity to some extent. Besides, the yields of potato and broad bean under mulched plots were enhanced by 58.03%–73.47% and 70.37%–80.19%, respectively. The yields were greater under fully mulched ridge plots.
A case‐control study to assess the role of polyomavirus in transplant complications: Where do we stand?
Authors: Garcia Urbán Julia , Gurrado Katia , Brea Rivas Paola C. , Abou Elrous Dina , Zubimendi Machain Mónica , Romero Gómez María , García Rodríguez Julio , Vicandi Plaza Blanca , Yébenes Gregorio Laura , García Fernández Eugenia , Jiménez Martín Carlos , López Oliva María‐Ovidia , González García Elena , Ledesma Sánchez Gabriel , Carreño Cornejo Gilda , Selgas Gutiérrez Rafael , Zarauza Santoveña Alejandro , Melgosa Hijosa Marta , Fernández Camblor Carlota , Mozo del Castillo Yasmina , Sisinni Luisa , Bueno Sánchez David , Pérez‐Martínez Antonio , Sánchez Zapardiel Elena , López Granados Eduardo , Monserrat Villatoro Jaime , Hernández Zabala Rafael , Borobia Alberto M. , Frías Jesús , Ramírez Elena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe study's aim was to assess whether polyomavirus DNAemia screening was associated with different outcomes in patients with positive viremia compared with negative viremia.MethodsCase‐control retrospective study of patients with polyomavirus DNAemia (viremia > 1000 copies/mL) matched 1:1 with controls. Control group consists of the patient who received a transplant immediately before or after each identified case and did have nil viremia.FindingUltimately, 120 cases of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) were detected and matched with 130 controls. Of these, 54 were adult kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), 43 were pediatric KTRs, and 23 were undergoing hemato‐oncologic therapy, of which 20 were undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The odds ratio (OR) for overall risk of poorer outcomes in cases versus controls was 16.07 (95% CI: 5.55‐46.54). The unfavorable outcome of switching the immunosuppressive drug (ISD) (14/40,35%) was no different from that of those treated with reduced ISD doses (31/71, 43.6%, P = .250). Acute rejection or graft‐versus‐host disease, previous transplant, and intensity of immunosuppression (4 ISDs plus induction or conditioning) were risk factors for BKPyV‐DNAemia (OR: 13.96, 95% CI: 11.25‐15.18, P < .001; OR: 6.14, 95% CI: 3.91‐8.80, P < .001; OR: 5.53, 95% CI: 3.37‐7.30, P < .001, respectively).ConclusionsDespite viremia screening, dose reduction, and change in therapeutic protocol, patients with positive BKPyV‐DNAemia present poorer outcomes and unfavorable results.
The potential for quality assurance systems to save costs and lives: the case of early infant diagnosis of HIV
Authors: Terris‐Prestholt F. , Boeras D. , Ong J. J. , Torres‐Rueda S. , Cassim N. , Mbengue M. A. S. , Mboup S. , Mwau M. , Munemo E. , Nyegenye W. , Odhiambo C. O. , Dabula P. , Sandstrom P. , Sarr M. , Simbi R. , Stevens W. , Tucker J. D. , Vickerman P. , Ciaranello A. , Peeling R. W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesScaling up of point‐of‐care testing (POCT) for early infant diagnosis of HIV (EID) could reduce the large gap in infant testing. However, suboptimal POCT EID could have limited impact and potentially high avoidable costs. This study models the cost‐effectiveness of a quality assurance system to address testing performance and screening interruptions, due to, for example, supply stockouts, in Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe, with varying HIV epidemics and different health systems.MethodsWe modelled a quality assurance system‐raised EID quality from suboptimal levels: that is, from misdiagnosis rates of 5%, 10% and 20% and EID testing interruptions in months, to uninterrupted optimal performance (98.5% sensitivity, 99.9% specificity). For each country, we estimated the 1‐year impact and cost‐effectiveness (US$/DALY averted) of improved scenarios in averting missed HIV infections and unneeded HIV treatment costs for false‐positive diagnoses.ResultsThe modelled 1‐year costs of a national POCT quality assurance system range from US$ 69 359 in South Africa to US$ 334 341 in Zimbabwe. At the country level, quality assurance systems could potentially avert between 36 and 711 missed infections (i.e. false negatives) per year and unneeded treatment costs between US$ 5808 and US$ 739 030.ConclusionsThe model estimates adding effective quality assurance systems are cost‐saving in four of the five countries within the first year. Starting EQA requires an initial investment but will provide a positive return on investment within five years by averting the costs of misdiagnoses and would be even more efficient if implemented across multiple applications of POCT.
Sepsis from an apheresis platelet contaminated with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex bacteria and Staphylococcus saprophyticus after pathogen reduction
Authors: Fridey Joy L. , Stramer Susan L. , Nambiar Ashok , Moayeri Morvarid , Bakkour Sonia , Langelier Charles , Crawford Emily , Lu Thea , Lanteri Marion C. , Kamm Jack , Miller Steve , Wagner Stephen J. , Benjamin Richard J. , Busch Michael P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundStrategies to reduce platelet (PLT) bacterial contamination include donor screening, skin disinfection, sample diversion, bacterial culture, pathogen reduction (PR), and day‐of‐transfusion tests. We report bacterial sepsis following a pathogen‐reduced PLT transfusion.Case ReportAn adult male with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia was successfully treated for central catheter–associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was placed. Chills, rigors, and flushing developed immediately after PICC‐infused pathogen‐reduced PLTs, progressing to septic shock requiring intensive care management.MethodsPICC and peripheral blood (PB), transfused bag saline flushes (TBFs), environmental samples, and the pathogen‐reduced untransfused co‐component (CC) were cultured. Plasma metagenomic and bacterial isolate whole‐genome sequencing; PLT mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing of untransfused CC and TBF; CC testing for amotosalen (S‐59)/S‐59 photoproducts; isolate PR studies (INTERCEPT); and TBF polymerase chain reaction for recipient Y‐chromosome DNA were performed.ResultsPB and PICC cultures grew Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex (ACBC). TBF was gram‐positive; mass spectrometry identified ACBC and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (SS). CC Gram stain and cultures were negative. Environmental cultures, some done after decontamination, were ACBC/SS negative. Posttransfusion patient plasma and TBF ACBC sequences were genetically identical. No Y‐chromosome signal was detected in TBF. S‐59 photoproducts and evidence of mtDNA amplification inhibition were found in the CC. Spiking PR studies showed >5.9‐log inactivation for both isolates. Donor skin cultures for Acinetobacter were negative.ConclusionCC sterility, PR studies, residual S‐59 photoproducts, and mtDNA amplification inhibition suggest successful PR. Unidentified environmental sources and inherent or acquired bag defects may have contributed to postmanufacturing pathogen‐reduced PLT contamination.
Reference intervals for serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen in apparently healthy neonatal lambs
Authors: Dinler Ceren , Tuna Gulten Emek , Ay Erhan , Ulutas Bulent , Voyvoda Huseyin , Ulutas Pinar Alkim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute‐phase proteins (APPs) are considered biomarkers for diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment and health status monitoring. Reference intervals (RIs) are an integral part of diagnostic laboratory testing and clinical decision‐making. The RIs for neonatal lambs are lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the RIs of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and fibrinogen (Fb) concentrations in neonatal cross‐bred Kivircik lambs.MethodsThe study consisted of 42 neonatal cross‐bred Kivircik lambs. Physical examinations were performed daily, and blood samples were collected at 0 (precolostrum), 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of age. The RIs of SAA, Hp, Cp, and Fb concentrations were calculated according to the recommendation of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Results were also evaluated for age‐ and sex‐related effects.ResultsThe RI for serum Hp was 0‐0.4 g/L, and no apparent effect of age or sex was noted. Because of significant age‐ and sex‐related differences, the SAA (0.34‐55.12 µg/mL), Cp (2.4‐26.07 mg/mL), and Fb (218.86‐527.82 mg/mL) results were given as minimum and maximum values. Serum SAA on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days of life, and Cp and Fb concentrations on the 14th and 21st days of life, were significantly higher than those on other study days.ConclusionsThis study is the first to establish RIs for neonatal lambs, and the values obtained could be useful for making clinical decisions regarding cross‐bred Kivircik lambs during this critical period.
Application of primary health care principles in national community health worker programs in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Perveen Shagufta , Mahmood Mohammad Afzal , Lassi Zohra S. , Perry Henry B. , Laurence Caroline 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to map the available literature on the application of primary health care principles as reflected in the implementation of national-level community health worker programs in low- and middle-income countries.

Introduction:
There is extensive literature on how community health workers have been used to improve the health status of disadvantaged populations, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Established under the primary health care principles, national community health worker programs were expected to adopt and promote these principles to achieve improvements in health outcomes. However, there is limited evidence of the extent to which primary health care principles have been applied in the implementation of national community health worker programs.

Inclusion criteria:
The concept to be mapped is the application of primary health care principles in the implementation of national community health worker programs in low- and middle-income countries. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods study designs will be included. Only English-language articles published from September 1978 to the present will be included. Study protocols, narrative reviews, systematic and scoping reviews, commentaries, text and opinion papers, viewpoints, editorials, and conference proceedings/abstracts and correspondences will be excluded. The programs operated by non-governmental organizations and articles not involving community health workers will also be excluded.

Methods:
Key information sources to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts against the inclusion criteria. The data charting will include specific details about the concept, context, study methods, and key findings relevant to the review question. Data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form accompanied by a narrative summary.
The newly observed $$\Lambda _b(6072)^0$$ structure and its $$\rho $$-mode nonstrange partners
Authors: Liang Wei , Lü Qi-Fang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInspired by the newly observed $$\Lambda _b(6072)$$Λb(6072) structure, we investigate its strong decay behaviors under various assignments within the $$^3P_0$$3P0 model. Compared with the mass and total decay width, our results suggest that the $$\Lambda _b(6072)$$Λb(6072) can be regarded as the lowest $$\rho $$ρ-mode excitation in $$\Lambda _b$$Λb family. Then, the strong decays of $$\rho $$ρ-mode nonstrange partners for the $$\Lambda _b(6072)$$Λb(6072) are calculated. It is found that the $$J^P=5/2^-$$JP=5/2-$$\Lambda _b$$Λb and $$\Lambda _c$$Λc states are relatively narrow, and mainly decay into the $$\Sigma _b^{(*)} \pi $$Σb(∗)π and $$\Sigma _c^{(*)} \pi $$Σc(∗)π final states, respectively. These two states have good potentials to be observed in future experiments, which may help us to distinguish the three-quark model and diquark model.
Securing Branch Predictors with Two-Level Encryption
Authors: Lee Jaekyu , Ishii Yasuo , Sunwoo Dam 
Published: August 2020

Modern processors rely on various speculative mechanisms to meet performance demand. Branch predictors are one of the most important micro-architecture components to deliver performance. However, they have been under heavy scrutiny because of recent side-channel attacks. Branch predictors are indexed using the PC and recent branch histories. An adversary can manipulate these parameters to access and control the same branch predictor entry that a victim uses. Recent Spectre attacks exploit this to set up speculative-execution-based security attacks.
In this article, we aim to mitigate branch predictor side-channels using two-level encryption. At the first level, we randomize the set-index by encrypting the PC using a per-context secret key. At the second level, we encrypt the data in each branch predictor entry. While periodic key changes make the branch predictor more secure, performance degradation can be significant. To alleviate performance degradation, we propose a practical set update mechanism that also considers parallelism in multi-banked branch predictors. We show that our mechanism exhibits only 1.0% and 0.2% performance degradation while changing keys every 10K and 50K cycles, respectively, which is much lower than other state-of-the-art approaches.
Multiomic Analysis of Subtype Evolution and Heterogeneity in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Geistlinger Ludwig , Oh Sehyun , Ramos Marcel , Schiffer Lucas , LaRue Rebecca S. , Henzler Christine M. , Munro Sarah A. , Daughters Claire , Nelson Andrew C. , Winterhoff Boris J. , Chang Zenas , Talukdar Shobhana , Shetty Mihir , Mullany Sally A. , Morgan Martin , Parmigiani Giovanni , Birrer Michael J. , Qin Li-Xuan , Riester Markus , Starr Timothy K. , Waldron Levi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple studies have identified transcriptome subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), but their interpretation and translation are complicated by tumor evolution and polyclonality accompanied by extensive accumulation of somatic aberrations, varying cell type admixtures, and different tissues of origin. In this study, we examined the chronology of HGSOC subtype evolution in the context of these factors using a novel integrative analysis of absolute copy-number analysis and gene expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas complemented by single-cell analysis of six independent tumors. Tumor purity, ploidy, and subclonality were reliably inferred from different genomic platforms, and these characteristics displayed marked differences between subtypes. Genomic lesions associated with HGSOC subtypes tended to be subclonal, implying subtype divergence at later stages of tumor evolution. Subclonality of recurrent HGSOC alterations was evident for proliferative tumors, characterized by extreme genomic instability, absence of immune infiltration, and greater patient age. In contrast, differentiated tumors were characterized by largely intact genome integrity, high immune infiltration, and younger patient age. Single-cell sequencing of 42,000 tumor cells revealed widespread heterogeneity in tumor cell type composition that drove bulk subtypes but demonstrated a lack of intrinsic subtypes among tumor epithelial cells. Our findings prompt the dismissal of discrete transcriptome subtypes for HGSOC and replacement by a more realistic model of continuous tumor development that includes mixtures of subclones, accumulation of somatic aberrations, infiltration of immune and stromal cells in proportions correlated with tumor stage and tissue of origin, and evolution between properties previously associated with discrete subtypes.Significance:This study infers whether transcriptome-based groupings of tumors differentiate early in carcinogenesis and are, therefore, appropriate targets for therapy and demonstrates that this is not the case for HGSOC.
Hypomorphic mTOR Downregulates CDK6 and Delays Thymic Pre-T LBL Tumorigenesis
Authors: Gary Joy M. , Simmons John K. , Xu Jinfei , Zhang Shuling , Peat Tyler J. , Watson Nicholas , Gamache Benjamin J. , Zhang Ke , Kovalchuk Alexander L. , Michalowski Aleksandra M. , Chen Jin-Qiu , Thaiwong Tuddow , Kiupel Matti , Gaikwad Snehal , Etienne Maudeline , Simpson R. Mark , Dubois Wendy , Testa Joseph R. , Mock Beverly A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway hyperactivation is frequent in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL). To model inhibition of mTOR, pre–T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (pre-T LBL) tumor development was monitored in mice with T lymphocyte–specific, constitutively active AKT (Lck-MyrAkt2) that were either crossed to mTOR knockdown (KD) mice or treated with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. Lck-MyrAkt2;mTOR KD mice lived significantly longer than Lck-MyrAkt2;mTOR wild-type (WT) mice, although both groups ultimately developed thymic pre-T LBL. An increase in survival was also observed when Lck-MyrAkt2;mTOR WT mice were treated for 8 weeks with everolimus. The transcriptional profiles of WT and KD thymic lymphomas were compared, and Ingenuity Pathway Upstream Regulator Analysis of differentially expressed genes in tumors from mTOR WT versus KD mice identified let-7 and miR-21 as potential regulatory genes. mTOR KD mice had higher levels of let-7a and miR-21 than mTOR WT mice, and rapamycin induced their expression in mTOR WT cells. CDK6 was one of the most downregulated targets of both let-7 and miR21 in mTOR KD tumors. CDK6 overexpression and decreased expression of let-7 in mTOR KD cells rescued a G1 arrest phenotype. Combined mTOR (rapamycin) and CDK4/6 (palbociclib) inhibition decreased tumor size and proliferation in tumor flank transplants, increased survival in an intravenous transplant model of disseminated leukemia compared with single agent treatment, and cooperatively decreased cell viability in human T-ALL/LBL cell lines. Thus, mTOR KD mice provide a model to explore drug combinations synergizing with mTOR inhibitors and can be used to identify downstream targets of inhibition.
Patrimônio imaterial e paisagem cultural cafeeira na Colômbia
Authors: Hoyos Alejandro Escobar 
Published: August 2020

O seguinte artigo mostra algumas contradições do patrimônio imaterial e paisagem cultural cafeeira na Colômbia e como elas refletem nos camponeses e agricultores que vivem do plantio de café. Esta discussão também faz parte de um projeto de mestrado no Programa de Antropologia Social (PPGAS), na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN).