bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-reader agreement of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the quantification of carotid artery plaque inflammation
Authors: Johnsrud Kjersti , Seierstad Therese , Russell David , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from unstable atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques with inflammation being a key feature of plaque instability and stroke risk. Positron emission tomography (PET) depicting the uptake of 2-deoxy-2-(18F)-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) in carotid artery plaques is a promising technique to quantify plaque inflammation. A consensus on the methodology for plaque localization and quantification of inflammation by 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) in atherosclerosis has not been established. High inter-reader agreement is essential if 18F-FDG PET/CT is to be used as a clinical tool for the assessment of unstable plaques and stroke risk. The aim of our study was to assess the inter-reader variability of different methods for quantification of 18F-FDG uptake in carotid atherosclerotic plaques with a separate CT angiography (CTA) providing anatomical guidance.Methods and resultsForty-three patients with carotid artery stenosis ≥70% underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT. Two independent readers separately delineated the plaque in all axial PET slices containing the atherosclerotic plaque and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from each slice was measured. Uptake values with and without background correction were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficients were highest for uncorrected uptake values (0.97-0.98) followed by those background corrected by subtraction (0.89-0.94) and lowest for those background corrected by division (0.74-0.79). There was a significant difference between the two readers definition of plaque extension, but this did not affect the inter-reader agreement of the uptake parameters.ConclusionsQuantification methods without background correction have the highest inter-reader agreement for 18F-FDG PET of carotid artery plaque inflammation. The use of the single highest uptake value (max SUVmax) from the plaque will facilitate the method’s clinical utility in stroke prevention.
Phosphorylation of the ancestral histone variant H3.3 amplifies stimulation-induced transcription
Authors: Armache Anja , Yang Shuang , Robbins Lexi E , Durmaz Ceyda , Daman Andrew W , Jeong Jin Q , Martínez de Paz Alexia , Ravishankar Arjun , Arslan Tanja , Lin Shu , Panchenko Tanya , Garcia Benjamin A. , Hake Sandra B. , Li Haitao , Allis C. David , Josefowicz Steven Z. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractComplex organisms are able to rapidly induce select genes among thousands in response to diverse environmental cues. This occurs in the context of large genomes condensed with histone proteins into chromatin. The macrophage response to pathogen sensing, for example, rapidly engages highly conserved signaling pathways and transcription factors (TFs) for coordination of inflammatory gene induction1–3. Enriched integration of histone H3.3, the ancestral histone H3 variant, is a feature of inflammatory genes and, in general, dynamically regulated chromatin and transcription4–7. However, little is known of how chromatin is regulated at rapidly induced genes and what features of H3.3, conserved from yeast to human, might enable rapid and high-level transcription. The amino-terminus of H3.3 contains a unique serine residue as compared with alanine residues found in “canonical” H3.1/2. We find that this H3.3-specific serine residue, H3.3S31, is phosphorylated (H3.3S31ph) in a stimulation-dependent manner along the gene bodies of rapidly induced response genes in mouse macrophages responding to pathogen sensing. Further, this selective mark of stimulation-responsive genes directly engages histone methyltransferase (HMT) SETD2, a component of the active transcription machinery. Our structure-function studies reveal that a conserved positively charged cleft in SETD2 contacts H3.3S31ph and specifies preferential methylation of H3.3S31ph nucleosomes. We propose that features of H3.3 at stimulation induced genes, including H3.3S31ph, afford preferential access to the transcription apparatus. Our results provide insight into the function of ancestral histone variant H3.3 and the dedicated epigenetic mechanisms that enable rapid gene induction, with implications for understanding and treating inflammation.
The human CD8 T stem cell-like memory phenotype appears in the acute phase in Yellow Fever virus vaccination
Authors: Fuertes Marraco Silvia A. , Bovay Amandine , Nassiri Sina , Maby-El Hajjami Hélène , Ouertatani-Sakouhi Hajer , Held Werner , Speiser Daniel E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLong-term memory is a fundamental feature of cytotoxic CD8 T cell immunity. Yet when do memory cells arise, especially in humans, is poorly documented, the pathways of effector / memory cell differentiation being largely debated. Based on a cross-sectional study, we previously reported that the live-attenuated Yellow Fever virus vaccine YF-17D induces a stem cell-like memory (SCM) CD8 T cell population persisting for at least 25 years. Here we present longitudinal data revealing that an activated SCM phenotype is distinctly detectable early on following YF-17D vaccination, i.e. at the same time as activated effector cells. In the long-run, the cells that express the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF1) preferentially persist, consistent with the role of TCF1 in memory establishment. By performing t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding of flow cytometry data on standard differentiation and activation markers, we obtained a time-lapse representation of the dynamics of the CD8 T cell response: SCM cells appear early and remain closely related to the baseline Naive cells, while effector cells burst out of baseline and gradually contract after the peak of the response. Altogether, we observe heterogeneity in differentiation phenotypes in both the acute phase and the decade-long-term phases, including cells with memory phenotypes very early in the response. As opposed to models where memory cells develop from effector cells, our data support differentiation models where long-term memory cells are established by the early decision to retain proximity to the Naive state in a memory-dedicated pool of cells.
Chinese reverse M&As in the Netherlands: Chinese managers’ trust building practices
Authors: Sun Zhe , Zhao Liang 
Published: October 2019

PurposeBuilding trust is critical in reverse mergers and acquisitions (M&As), attributed to the divergence of governance and culture between the East and the West. This paper aims to explore the barriers and trust-building practices of Chinese managers in reverse M&As in developed countries.Design/methodology/approachThe primary data set of this research contains case studies of two Chinese M&A deals and in-depth interviews with managers and advisories in the Netherlands.FindingsThis research finds that the divergences of decision-making structure, communication style and trust orientation generate barriers to the trust building in Chinese reverse M&As. The third-party advisory participation helps to build cognition-based trust of acquired company managers on Chinese acquiring company managers through providing information and explanation, fitting Chinese buyers in the Western M&A procedure and offering communication. It also helps to build affect-based trust through bridging the divergence of trust orientation and filling the cultural voids. Meanwhile, the invisible integration helps to build cognition-based trust through maintaining the core business, offering great help to acquired companies for their business expansion and selecting the business collaboration areas in the long term. It also helps to build affect-based trust through granting a high degree of governance independence and enabling a balanced status in acquired companies.Originality/valueThis research unveils the “black box” of Chinese reverse M&As from an inter-personal trust perspective and advances the nuanced understanding of trust and trust-building practices in Chinese reverse M&As. It also provides practical tools for both Chinese companies and acquired companies in developed countries.
A conservative, piecewise–analytical, transversal method of lines for reaction–diffusion equations
Authors: Ramos J.I. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a new transversal method of lines for one-dimensional reaction–diffusion equations that is conservative and provides piecewise–analytical solutions in space, analyze its truncation errors and linear stability, compare it with other finite-difference discretizations and assess the effects of the nonlinear diffusion coefficients, reaction rate terms and initial conditions on wave propagation and merging.

Design/methodology/approach
A conservative, transversal method of lines based on the discretization of time and piecewise analytical integration of the resulting two-point boundary-value problems subject to the continuity of the dependent variables and their fluxes at the control-volume boundaries, is presented. The method provides three-point finite difference expressions for the nodal values and continuous solutions in space, and its accuracy has been determined first analytically and then assessed in numerical experiments of reaction-diffusion problems, which exhibit interior and/or boundary layers.

Findings
The transversal method of lines presented here results in three-point finite difference equations for the nodal values, treats the diffusion terms implicitly and is unconditionally stable if the reaction terms are treated implicitly. The method is very accurate for problems with the interior and/or boundary layers. For a system of two nonlinearly-coupled, one-dimensional reaction–diffusion equations, the formation, propagation and merging of reactive fronts have been found to be strong function of the diffusion coefficients and reaction rates. For asymmetric ignition, it has been found that, after front merging, the temperature and concentration profiles are almost independent of the ignition conditions.

Originality/value
A new, conservative, transversal method of lines that treats the diffusion terms implicitly and provides piecewise exponential solutions in space without the need for interpolation is presented and applied to someone.
The impact of different play activity designs on students’ embodied learning
Authors: Davis Bria , Tu Xintian , Georgen Chris , Danish Joshua A. , Enyedy Noel 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to build on work that has demonstrated the value of play or game-based learning environments and to further unpack how different kinds of play activities can support learning of academic concepts. To do so, this paper explores how students learn complex science concepts through collective embodied play by comparing two forms of play labeled as Inquiry Play and Game Play.

Design/methodology/approach
This study builds off of previous research that uses the Science Through Technology Enhanced Play (STEP) technology platform (Authors et al., 2015). STEP is a mixed reality platform that allows learners to playfully explore science phenomena, such as the rules of particle behavior in solid, liquid and gas, through collective embodied activity. A combination of interaction analysis and qualitative coding of teacher and student interactions are used to examine patterns in the learning processes during embodied play activities.

Findings
Both forms of play led to similar learning gains. However, Inquiry Play promoted more emergent, flexible modeling of underlying mechanisms while Game Play oriented students more towards “winning”.

Originality/value
By contrasting play environments, this paper provides new insights into how different features of play activities, as well as how teachers orient their students according to these different features, support students’ learning in collective activity. As a result, these findings can provide insights into the design of future play-based learning environments that are intended to support the learning of academic concepts.
Opportunity cost of time, income, education and food away from home consumption expenditures by type of facility in Albania
Authors: Seidu Ayuba 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of the socioeconomic and demographic determinants driving food away from home (FAFH) consumption expenditures at full service and fast food restaurants in transition Albania.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a nationally representative data set, this study estimates a system of full service and fast food restaurant consumption expenditures under sample selection framework. The system estimator exploits full information about the error correlations for gain in efficiency.

Findings
The results indicate that future growth of the foodservice industry in Albania will be driven by increased spending at full service restaurants due to rising opportunity cost of the food manager’s time at home, household income and years of formal schooling of Albanians.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this study can inform policy deliberations in designing nutrition and education programs for the Albanian Government to combat rising obesity rates. Moreover, the findings can inform marketing strategies by foodservice firms in Albania. On FAFH–obesity debate, future research can focus on the analysis of FAFH consumption expenditures on obesity rates in Albania.

Originality/value
Consumption of FAFH is fast evolving in developing and transition economies. Albania, a typical transition country, is no exception. Concurrently, Albania is under epidemiological transition facing increased incidence of non-communicable diseases and obesity. Any intervention program by the Albanian Government aimed at reversing the rising obesity trend by targeting FAFH consumption should be based on sound empirical findings. Analysis of FAFH consumption expenditures across different foodservice facilities is an under-researched topic for Albania in the literature.
Effect of pre-disclosure information leakage by block traders
Authors: Kim Tai-Young 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate pre-disclosure information leakage by block traders and market reactions to disclosures of off-hours block trading compared to off-market trading.Design/methodology/approachStock responses were analyzed based on timely disclosures regarding Korean firms’ decisions to dispose of their own shares to improve their financial structures.FindingsThe results showed that pre-disclosure abnormal returns were generated in off-hours block trading. In contrast, on disclosure days, the returns for off-hours block trading were significantly lower than those for off-market trading. It was consistent with prior studies, indicating that block traders were related to information leakage and caused moral hazard problems.Originality/valueThe comparison between off-hours block trading and off-market trading provides important insights regarding block traders’ behavior. This study’s findings on the leakage of information from block traders indicate the need for firms to exercise caution when using block traders.
Oil, elections and fiscal transparency
Authors: AASKOVEN LASSE 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow does governments’ ability to gain financing from oil income affect their behaviour? Numerous studies have explored the effects of oil wealth on countries’ political characteristics, especially the level of democracy. Oil has also been associated with a significant electoral incumbency advantage across different political regimes. However, the relationship between oil wealth and incumbent governments’ behaviour, including election‐year fiscal manipulation, has been studied to a lesser extent. This article argues that higher oil rents increase election‐year public spending as they provide national governments both with direct revenue and increased financing opportunities. However, fiscal transparency mitigates this effect. Consequently, oil‐induced electoral budget cycles decrease as fiscal transparency increases. Using a high‐quality measure of fiscal transparency in a panel of countries, robust evidence in favour of this argument is found. The findings suggest that many of the previous results on the political effects of oil, including incumbency advantage, might run through an election‐year spending channel, and that fiscal institutions might matter substantially for the political effects of oil.
Magnate Counsel and Parliament, c.1340–76: The Place of the Lords in the Era of the Commons
Authors: Raven Matt 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mid 14th century has long been identified as a crucial period in the emergence of the Commons. Its rise fundamentally reconfigured the traditional landscape of representation, in which the magnates embodied the ‘community of the realm’. It is the place of the Commons that has drawn the bulk of scholarly attention. Through a close examination of the surviving Parliament Rolls for the period 1340–76, this article argues that magnate counsel, especially on the interrelated themes of warfare, diplomacy, and supply, remained integral to meetings of parliament in the ‘era of the Commons’. Parliament formed a crucial ‘point of contact’ between the king and a broad political society that actively pushed the practice and performance of noble advice‐giving, in line with common assumptions about the ideal social composition of the king's counsellors.
Association of prevalence of electronic cigarette use with smoking cessation and cigarette consumption in England: a time–series analysis between 2006 and 2017
Authors: Beard Emma , West Robert , Michie Susan , Brown Jamie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo provide up‐to‐date estimates of how changes in the prevalence of electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use in England have been associated with changes in smoking cessation activities and daily cigarette consumption among smokers in England.DesignTime–series analysis of population trends.SettingEngland.ParticipantsParticipants came from the Smoking Toolkit Study, which involves repeated, cross‐sectional household surveys of individuals aged 16 years and older in England. Data were aggregated on approximately 1200 past‐year smokers each quarter (total n = 50 498) between 2007 and 2017.MeasurementsPrevalence of e‐cigarette use in current smokers was used to predict (a) prevalence of quit attempts among last‐year smokers, (b) overall quit rates among last‐year smokers and (c) mean cigarette consumption per day among current smokers. Prevalence of e‐cigarette use during a quit attempt among last‐year smokers was used to predict (a) quit success rate among last‐year smokers and (b) overall quit rates among last‐year smokers.FindingsOverall quit rates increased by 0.054% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.032–0.076, P < 0.001] and 0.050% (95% CI = 0.031–0.069, P < 0.001) respectively for every 1% increase in the prevalence of e‐cigarette use by smokers and e‐cigarette use during a quit attempt. Quit success rates increased by 0.060% (95% CI = 0.043–0.078, P < 0.001) for every 1% increase in the prevalence of e‐cigarette use during a quit attempt. No clear evidence was found for an association between e‐cigarette use and either prevalence of quit attempt (BAdj = 0.011, 95% CI = −0.046 to 0.069, P = 0.698) or cigarette consumption (BAdj = 0.019, 95% CI = −0.043 to 0.082, P = 0.542).ConclusionChanges in prevalence of e‐cigarette use in England have been positively associated with the overall quit rates and quit success rates but not clearly associated with the prevalence of quit attempts and mean cigarette consumption.
Ideological Competition and Conflict in the Judicial Hierarchy
Authors: Strayhorn Joshua A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCircuit splits, or conflicting rules across multiple U.S. Courts of Appeals, have important policy implications and dramatic effects on Supreme Court case selection, yet we know little about the incentives ideological lower courts face when deciding whether to initiate conflict. This article develops a formal model of a judicial hierarchy where lower court judges are subject to review by a high court with distaste for unresolved conflict, termed “split‐intolerance,” and with uncertain preferences over policy. Lower courts may compete by investing costly effort in legal quality to make their rules more attractive. In equilibrium, lower courts may initiate conflict even when the odds of success before the high court are remote. Surprisingly, lower courts grow more likely to create conflict as the high court's split‐intolerance increases; however, split‐intolerance can also incentivize greater lower court effort. I present qualitative evidence illustrating the model's explanatory power.
Attracting junior doctors to rural centres: A national study of work‐life conditions and satisfaction
Authors: Lennon Matthew , O’Sullivan Belinda , McGrail Matthew , Russell Deborah , Suttie Joseph , Preddy John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveJunior doctors, in their first four years of medical work, are an important part of the health care team. Attracting and retaining these doctors to rural areas underpins the development of the future rural workforce. This is the first national‐scale study about satisfaction of junior doctors, based on their work location, to inform recruitment and retention.DesignRepeat cross‐sectional data 2008 and 2015, pooled for analysis.SettingMedicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life survey.ParticipantsFirst responses of 4581 pre‐vocational doctors working as interns up to their fourth postgraduate year.Main outcome measuresDifferences between metropolitan and rural respondents in satisfaction and positivity on two inventories.ResultsOverall work satisfaction was approximately 85% amongst rural and metropolitan junior doctors, but controlling for other factors rural junior doctors had significantly higher overall satisfaction. Rural junior doctors were significantly more satisfied with their work‐life balance, ability to obtain desired leave and leave at short notice, personal study time and access to leisure interests compared with metropolitan junior doctors. Metropolitan junior doctors were more satisfied with the network of doctors supporting them and the opportunities for family.ConclusionWhile both metropolitan and rural junior doctors are generally satisfied, many professional and personal aspects of satisfaction differ considerably by work location. In order to attract early career doctors, the benefits of rural work should be emphasised and perceived weaknesses mitigated.
Novel heterozygous sequence variant in the GLI1 underlies postaxial polydactyly
Authors: Yousaf Maryam , Ullah Asmat , Azeem Zahid , Isani Majeed Ayesha , Memon Muhammad Iqbal , Ghous Tahseen , Basit Sulman , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolydactyly is one of the most common congenital abnormal phenotype of autopod, which is characterized by extra supernumerary digit in hands/feet with or without well‐developed bony structure within the digits. Preaxial polydactyly (PPD), postaxial polydactyly (PAP), and meso‐axial (central) polydactyly are three different isoforms of polydactyly. Genetically, at least 10 genes have been identified causing nonsyndromic polydactyly. In the present study, we have investigated a large family segregating autosomal dominant form of nonsyndromic polydactyly. Whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant (NM_005269.3; c.1064C>A; p.(Thr355Asn) in the gene GLI1 segregating with the disease phenotype within the family. This study presents first familial case of autosomal dominant form of polydactyly caused by the GLI1 variant.