bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An erosion‐type hydrolysis behavior of insoluble protein fraction from Chlorella protothecoides
Authors: Dai Laixin , Reichert Corina L , Hinrichs Jörg , Weiss Jochen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcid‐induced hydrolysis of proteins has been used to improve the solubility and functional properties of various proteins, and could be a promising tool to facilitate the use of currently underutilized insoluble microalgae protein‐rich fractions in food applications. However, the results of a prior study showed an unusual resistance of an insoluble microalgae protein‐rich fraction to acid hydrolysis at room temperature.RESULTSIn the present study, the insoluble protein‐rich fraction extracted from microalgae Chlorella prothothecoides was treated with 0.5 mol L−1 hydrochloric acid at 25, 45, 65 or 85 °C for 0–4 h. The results showed that hydrolysis of the fraction at 85 °C for 4 h led to decreases in the amount of insoluble protein‐rich aggregates and the formation of fragments with a lower molecular weight, as well as an increase in protein solubility by approximately 40%. Nevertheless, some aggregated insoluble protein‐rich particles remained, even after hydrolysis at 85 °C for 4 h.CONCLUSIONThe higher temperature improved the efficiency of the acid hydrolysis of the insoluble protein fraction from microalgae Chlorella prothothecoides, which is highly acid‐resistant. Overall, an erosion‐based mechanism was suggested for the acid hydrolysis of insoluble microalgae protein fraction. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Surgical management of the neck in patients with metastatic melanoma in parotid lymph nodes
Authors: Den Hondt Margot , Starr Matthew W. , Millett Michael C. , Smyth Julian , Scolyer Richard A. , Shannon Kerwin F. , Thompson John F. , Ch'ng Sydney 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role and extent of neck dissection in patients with parotid metastatic cutaneous head and neck melanoma remain unclear. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and patterns of cervical node involvement in patients with parotid metastatic melanoma, and to determine if a limited lymphadenectomy of the clinically negative neck is appropriate.MethodsPatients who underwent parotidectomy and neck dissection for clinically apparent parotid metastatic melanoma, irrespective of neck status, were identified from two prospectively maintained databases.ResultsA total of 276 patients fulfilled the study criteria. Median follow‐up was 23 months. A total of 185 necks were clinically negative, 82 were clinically positive. A total of 36 elective neck‐dissection specimens harbored occult metastases; these were found in levels I (16.7%), II (58.3%), III (36.1%), IV (13.9%), and V (30.6%). Regional recurrence occurred in 32 patients with a clinically negative neck, the majority being in‐transit metastases (n = 15). Only one case of recurrence could have potentially been avoided by a comprehensive lymphadenectomy.ConclusionsIn patients with clinically apparent parotid melanoma metastases, elective comprehensive neck dissection reduces failure rates in cervical nodes, and provides more accurate staging and prognostic information. However, our findings support the emerging trend for more limited elective neck dissection. Levels I and IV can probably be safely omitted.
The role of double‐strand break repair, translesion synthesis, and interstrand crosslinks in colorectal cancer progression—clinicopathological data and survival
Authors: Laporte Gustavo A. , Leguisamo Natália M. , Gloria Helena de Castro e , Azambuja Daniel B. , Kalil Antonio N. , Saffi Jenifer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDNA repair is a new and important pathway that explains colorectal carcinogenesis. This study will evaluate the prognostic value of molecular modulation of double‐strand break repair (XRCC2 and XRCC5); DNA damage tolerance/translesion synthesis (POLH, POLK, and POLQ), and interstrand crosslink repair (DCLRE1A) in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsTumor specimens and matched healthy mucosal tissues from 47 patients with CRC who underwent surgery were assessed for gene expression of XRCC2, XRCC5, POLH, POLK, POLQ, and DCLRE1A; protein expression of Polk, Ku80, p53, Ki67, and mismatch repair MLH1 and MSH2 components; CpG island promoter methylation of XRCC5, POLH, POLK, POLQ, and DCLRE1A was performed.ResultsNeoplastic tissues exhibited induction of POLK (P < .001) and DCLRE1A (P < .001) expression and low expression of POLH (P < .001) and POLQ (P < .001) in comparison to healthy paired mucosa. Low expression of POLH was associated with mucinous histology and T1‐T2 tumors (P = .038); low tumor expression of POLK was associated with distant metastases (P = .042). CRC harboring POLK promoter methylation exhibited better disease‐free survival (DFS) (P = .005).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that low expression or unmethylated POLH and POLK were related to worse biological behavior tumors. However, POLK methylation was associated with better DFS. POLK and POLH are potential prognostic biomarkers in CRC.
Institutionalization of reconstructive lymphedema surgery in Austria—Single center experience
Authors: Tzou Chieh‐Han John , Steinbacher Johannes , Czedik‐Eysenberg Manon , Brandstaetter Silvia , Meng Stefan , Schuetz Matthias , Macho Lisa , Obermayer Brigitte , Grablowitz Viktor , Ausch Christoph , Cheng Ming‐Huei , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLymphedema surgery was not widely known in Austria before the introduction of lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) and vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) in 2014. This study shares the experience and process of establishing and institutionalizing lymphedema surgery service in Austria.MethodsThe purpose of introducing reconstructive lymphedema surgery in Austria was to improve lymphedema patients’ quality of life and provide them surgical therapy as an adjuvant treatment to complete decongestive therapy. To initialize reconstructive lymphedema surgery in Austria, LVA and VLNT had to be presented and introduced, in the manner of branding and advertizing a new product. Surgeries were performed with quality control by standardized documentation, pre‐ and postoperatively.ResultsAligned with branding and marketing, presentations were given externally and internally to share knowledge and experience of lymphedema surgery. Lymphedema surgery service was introduced as a new brand in the medical service in Austria. After several communications with the Austrian Health Insurance Fund and with the final application, LVA and VLNT were listed as novel surgical therapies in its 2020 reimbursement catalog. Since 2014, more than 300 lymphedema patients were consulted, and 102 reconstructive lymphedema surgeries were performed. Circumference reduction of extremities after surgery was between 20% and 43%, postoperatively.ConclusionAcceptance of surgery in lymphedema patients varies among continents, hospitals, and surgeons. Evaluation of the requirement of the surgical setup and insurance conditions for lymphedema surgery is essential to establish lymphedema surgery, providing targeted marketing and branding to spread knowledge of the novel technique and grant patients access to therapeutic treatment of their chronic disease.
Purification of thonningianins A and B and four further derivatives from Thonningia sanguinea by one‐ and two‐dimensional centrifugal partition chromatography
Authors: Pompermaier Luca , Schwaiger Stefan , Mawunu Monizi , Lautenschlaeger Thea , Stuppner Hermann , Faure Karine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThonningia sanguinea is a parasitic herb widely used in traditional African medicine. Dihydrochalcone glucosides (unsubstituted, substituted with hexahydroxydiphenoyl or galloyl moieties) are the main constituents in the subaerial parts of this plant. In the present study, purification of the six major compounds from a methanol extract of the plant's subaerial parts was achieved by centrifugal partition chromatography. A first dimension centrifugal partition chromatography separation with the solvent system methyl tert‐butyl ether/1,2‐dimethoxyethane/water (1:2:1) in the ascending mode enabled the isolation of the two major bioactive compounds thonningianin A and B from 350 mg of methanol extract within only 16 min with respectable yields (25.7 and 21.1 mg), purities (87.1 and 85%), and recoveries (71.2 and 70.4%). Using a multiple heart‐cutting strategy, the remaining four major dihydrochalcone glucosides of the extract were further separated in a second dimension centrifugal partition chromatography with the solvent system ethyl acetate/1,2‐dimethoxyethane/water (2:1:1) in the descending mode with high purities (88.9–98.8%).
Kinetic study of hydrogen sulfide decomposition on Pt(111) surface
Authors: Mohamadi Simin , Bashiri Hadis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, kinetic of H2S conversion to H2 molecule on the surface of Pt(111) is studied using kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The results of simulation were fitted to the experimental temperature‐programed desorption spectra. The good agreement between the empirical and the simulated data confirms the proposed mechanism and kinetic data (activated energies and pre‐exponential factors). The influence of variables such as temperature and concentrations of H2S and H2 on the overall results of hydrogen production is studied. The condition is proposed in which the best yield of reaction at minimum temperature is obtained. Results show that platinum is a perfect catalyst for converting H2S to H2 and it has a perfect performance (98%) after 5 μs at low temperature of 227°C.
Neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and emotional symptoms in Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lambert Joshua T. , Darmahkasih Andrew J. , Horn Paul S. , Rybalsky Irina , Shellenbarger Karen C. , Tian Cuixia , Wong Brenda L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionBecker muscular dystrophy (BMD) results in decreased dystrophin with implications for mental health.MethodsThis is a retrospective case series of neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and emotional symptoms and respective pharmacotherapies of 70 patients with BMD.ResultsFifty‐four (77.1%) patients exhibited at least one symptom, and 19 (27.1%) patients exhibited four or more symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms were specific learning disabilities or special education needs (31.4%), inattention/hyperactivity (35.7%), language/speech delays (35.7%), and emotional or behavioral dysregulation (38.6%). Fisher's exact tests indicated that anxiety was more prevalent with mutations upstream of exon 30 (P = .049), but the prevalence of other symptoms did not differ with respect to mutation sites. Similarly, the number of symptoms individual patients with BMD exhibited did not differ with respect to mutation sites. Seventeen (24.3%) patients required pharmacotherapy to manage symptoms.DiscussionNeurodevelopmental, behavioral, and emotional symptoms are prevalent in patients with BMD regardless of dystrophin gene mutation site.
The utility of nuchal translucency ultrasound in identifying rare chromosomal abnormalities not detectable by cell‐free DNA screening
Authors: Berger Victoria K. , Norton Mary E. , Sparks Teresa N. , Flessel Monica , Baer Rebecca J. , Currier Robert J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of nuchal translucency (NT) screening in the detection of rare chromosomal aneuploidies in the setting of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of pregnancies screened through the California Prenatal Screening Program between March 2009 and December 2012. Karyotype analysis was the primary method of chromosomal evaluation during the study period and abnormal chromosomal karyotype results were classified by whether the abnormality would be detectable by cfDNA (nonmosaic trisomy 13, 18, 21 or sex‐chromosomal aneuploidy [SCA]). For those rare aneuploidies detectable by karyotype but not cfDNA, the number of cases that had an increased NT and the detection rate and positive predictive value (PPV) of increased NT for rare aneuploidies were determined.ResultsA total of 452 901 pregnant women had screening. There were 2572 chromosomally abnormal fetuses, of which 1922 (74.7%) had a common aneuploidy detectable by cfDNA, leaving 450 979 without T13, 18, 21. Of these, 4181 (0.93%) had an NT ≥3.0 mm. There were 649 rare aneuploidies not detectable by cfDNA. Of these, 108 (16.6%) had an NT ≥3.0 mm. The PPV of an NT ≥3.0 mm for rare aneuploidies was 2.6%. In all, 4176 fetuses need to be screened with NT to detect a rare aneuploidy.ConclusionsThe addition of NT to cfDNA screening would detect 16.6% of rare aneuploidies. Increased NT has a low PPV for rare aneuploidies and a large number of women would need NT screening to detect each affected fetus.
Hair cortisol and inhaled corticosteroid use in asthmatic children
Authors: Baan Esmé J. , van den Akker Erica L. T. , Engelkes Marjolein , de Rijke Yolanda B. , de Jongste Johan C. , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. M. , Verhamme Katia M. , Janssens Hettie M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal suppression is a side effect of long‐term use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) measurement is a noninvasive tool for measuring adrenal function that may be useful for asthmatic patients who are on long‐term ICS treatment. The aim of this study was to compare HCC between children with and without asthma and to explore the association between HCC and ICS dose in asthmatic children.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study in subjects with or without asthma (n = 72 and 226, respectively, age 6‐21 years). Hair samples were obtained from the posterior vertex for each subject and data on medication use were collected using questionnaires. HCC was analyzed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry in the most proximal 3 cm of hair.ResultsMedian HCC was significantly lower in subjects with asthma than in subjects without asthma: 1.83 pg/mg and 2.39 pg/mg, respectively (P value after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index: .036). Median HCC was 1.98 pg/mg in asthmatics using no ICS, 1.84 pg/mg in those using a low dose, 1.75 pg/mg in those on a medium dose, and 1.46 in those using a high ICS dose (P = .54).ConclusionWe observed a significantly lower HCC in asthmatics than in healthy controls and a nonsignificant trend of lower HCC with increasing ICS dose. Whether HCC measurement may be used to detect individuals at risk for hypocortisolism and may be useful to monitor adrenal function in asthmatic children using ICS needs to be further investigated.
Preschool Instruction in Letter Names and Sounds: Does Contextualized or Decontextualized Instruction Matter?
Authors: Roberts Theresa A. , Vadasy Patricia F. , Sanders Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe authors investigated the influence of teaching letter names and sounds in isolation or in the context of storybook reading on preschool children's early literacy learning and engagement during instruction. Alphabet instruction incorporated paired‐associate learning of correspondences between letter names and sounds. In decontextualized treatment activities, children practiced saying the letter names and sounds that matched single letters presented on cards and in letter books, and speeded recognition of taught letters. In contextualized treatment activities, letter names and sounds were taught and practiced during oral reading of storybooks, recognizing letters in children's printed names, and speeded recognition of taught letters in words. Subjects were 127 preschool children, including 48 dual‐language learners, in five public schools with low‐income eligibility thresholds. Children were randomly assigned within classrooms to small groups randomly assigned to one of the two treatments. Research assistants provided 10 weeks of instruction, 12–15 minutes per day, four days per week. Both groups made statistically significant growth from pretest to posttest on measures of alphabet learning and phoneme awareness. Children in the decontextualized treatment small groups had statistically significantly higher gains than did children in the contextualized treatment small groups on taught letter sounds and phonemic awareness measured by identification of initial sounds in spoken words. There were no treatment differences between dual‐language learners and non‐dual‐language learners. Children's engagement during instruction was statistically significantly higher in the decontextualized treatment. Findings support explicit decontextualized alphabet instruction emphasizing the relation between verbal letter labels and letter forms that enlists paired‐associate learning processes.
Comparative aspects of mast cell neoplasia in animals and the role of KIT in prognosis and treatment
Authors: Tamlin Vanessa S. , Bottema Cynthia D. K. , Peaston Anne E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMast cell neoplasia clinical presentation and biological behaviour vary considerably across mammalian species, ranging from a solitary benign mass to an aggressive systemic malignancy. Mutations in the KIT Proto‐Oncogene Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (KIT) gene are common molecular abnormalities involved in mast cell tumorigenesis. KIT mutations often occur in dog, cat and human neoplastic mast cells and result in altered Kit protein structure and function. In dogs, certain KIT mutations are associated with more malignant and lethal disease. In contrast, KIT mutations in feline and human mast cell neoplasms are not correlated with prognosis, but are of value in diagnosis and treatment planning in humans. KIT genetic abnormalities have not been well investigated in other species, although aberrant cytoplasmic Kit protein staining detected in neoplasms of the ferret, horse and cow resembles aberrant Kit staining patterns detected in neoplastic mast cells of dogs, cats and humans. Mutations within KIT are classified as either regulatory‐type or enzymatic pocket‐type mutations according to their location within the KIT Proto‐Oncogene. Mutations within the enzymatic pocket domain confer tumour resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Hence, knowledge of tumour KIT mutation status adds valuable information for optimizing patient treatment strategies. The use of TKIs in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics has opened a new treatment avenue for patients unresponsive to existing drugs. This review highlights the similarities and differences of mast cell neoplasia in mammals with a special focus on the involvement of KIT in the canine and feline forms in comparison to human mast cell neoplasia.
Tumor regression during radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients using cone-beam computed tomography images
Authors: van Timmeren J. E. , van Elmpt W. , de Ruysscher D. , Reymen B. , Hansen O. , Brink C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Previous literature has reported contradicting results regarding the relationship between tumor volume changes during radiotherapy treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and locoregional recurrence-free rate or overall survival. The aim of this study is to validate the results from a previous study by using a different volume extraction procedure and evaluating an external validation dataset.

Methods
For two datasets of 94 and 141 NSCLC patients, gross tumor volumes were determined manually to investigate the relationship between tumor volume regression and locoregional control using Kaplan–Meier curves. For both datasets, different subgroups of patients based on histology and chemotherapy regimens were also investigated. For the first dataset (n = 94), automatically determined tumor volumes were available from a previously published study to further compare their correlation with updated clinical data.

Results
A total of 70 out of 94 patients were classified into the same group as in the previous publication, splitting the dataset based on median tumor regression calculated by the two volume extraction methods. Non-adenocarcinoma patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy with large tumor regression show reduced locoregional recurrence-free rates in both datasets (p < 0.05 in dataset 2). For dataset 2, the opposite behavior is observed for patients not receiving chemotherapy, which was significant for overall survival (p = 0.01) but non-significant for locoregional recurrence-free rate (p = 0.13).

Conclusion
The tumor regression pattern observed during radiotherapy is not only influenced by irradiation but depends largely on the delivered chemotherapy schedule, so it follows that the relationship between patient outcome and the degree of tumor regression is also largely determined by the chemotherapy schedule. This analysis shows that the relationship between tumor regression and outcome is complex, and indicates factors that could explain previously reported contradicting findings. This, in turn, will help guide future studies to fully understand the relationship between tumor regression and outcome.
Not the story you want? Assessing the fit of a conceptual framework characterising mental health recovery narratives
Authors: Llewellyn-Beardsley Joy , Rennick-Egglestone Stefan , Bradstreet Simon , Davidson Larry , Franklin Donna , Hui Ada , McGranahan Rose , Morgan Kate , Pollock Kristian , Ramsay Amy , Smith Roger , Thornicroft Graham , Slade Mike 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeNarratives of recovery have been central to the development of the recovery approach in mental health. However, there has been a lack of clarity around definitions. A recent conceptual framework characterised recovery narratives based on a systematic review and narrative synthesis of existing literature, but was based on a limited sample. The aims of this study were to assess the relevance of the framework to the narratives of more diverse populations, and to develop a refined typology intended to inform narrative-based research, practice and intervention development.Method77 narrative interviews were conducted with respondents from four under-researched mental health sub-populations across England. Deductive and inductive analysis was used to assess the relevance of the dimensions and types of the preliminary typology to the interview narratives.ResultsFive or more dimensions were identifiable within 97% of narratives. The preliminary typology was refined to include new definitions and types. The typology was found not to be relevant to two narratives, whose narrators expressed a preference for non-verbal communication. These are presented as case studies to define the limits of the typology.ConclusionThe refined typology, based on the largest study to date of recovery narratives, provides a defensible theoretical base for clinical and research use with a range of clinical populations. Implications for practice include ensuring a heterogeneous selection of narratives as resources to support recovery, and developing new approaches to supporting non-verbal narrative construction.
De Finetti Theorems for Braided Parafermions
Authors: Bu Kaifeng , Jaffe Arthur , Liu Zhengwei , Wu Jinsong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The classical de Finetti theorem in probability theory relates symmetry under the permutation group with the independence of random variables. This result has application in quantum information. Here we study states that are invariant with respect to a natural action of the braid group, and we emphasize the pictorial formulation and interpretation of our results. We prove a new type of de Finetti theorem for the four-string, double-braid group acting on the parafermion algebra to braid qudits, a natural symmetry in the quon language for quantum information. We prove that a braid-invariant state is extremal if and only if it is a product state. Furthermore, we provide an explicit characterization of braid-invariant states on the parafermion algebra, including finding a distinction that depends on whether the order of the parafermion algebra is square free. We characterize the extremal nature of product states (an inverse de Finetti theorem).