bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for cold‐regions groundwater numerical modeling
Authors: Lamontagne‐Hallé Pierrick , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Kurylyk Barret L. , Molson John , Lyon Laura N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe impacts of ongoing climate warming on cold‐regions hydrogeology and groundwater resources have created a need to develop groundwater models adapted to these environments. Although permafrost is considered relatively impermeable to groundwater flow, permafrost thaw may result in potential increases in surface water infiltration, groundwater recharge, and hydrogeologic connectivity that can impact northern water resources. To account for these feedbacks, groundwater models that include the dynamic effects of freezing and thawing on ground properties and thermal regimes have been recently developed. However, these models are more complex than traditional hydrogeology numerical models due to the inclusion of nonlinear freeze–thaw processes and complex thermal boundary conditions. As such, their use to date has been limited to a small community of modeling experts. This article aims to provide guidelines and tips on cold‐regions groundwater modeling for those with previous modeling experience.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > MethodsScience of Water > Hydrological Processes
The Importance of the Affective Component of Movement in Action Understanding
Authors: Di Cesare Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSocial interactions require the ability to evaluate the attitudes of others according to the way in which actions are performed. For example, a hand gesture can be kind or vigorous or the tone of voice can be pleasant or rude providing information about the attitude of the agent. Daniel Stern called these aspects of social communication vitality forms. Vitality forms continuously pervade the life of individuals and play a fundamental role in social relations. Despite the importance of vitality forms, very little is known on their neural basis. The aim of the present chapter is to provide an overview of the neural substrates underpinning the encoding of these aspects of social communication. This chapter is organized in four sections. Section 6.1 describes the structural and functional domains of the insular cortex. Section 6.2 provides evidence that the dorso-central insula plays a central role in the perception and expression of action vitality forms. Section 6.3 demonstrates that the same insular sector is also involved in the perception of words conveying gentle and rude vitality forms. Finally, Sect. 6.4 discusses the important role of vitality forms in social interactions and proposes some future perspectives.
Pain severity and analgesics use in the community-dwelling older population: a drug utilization study from Germany
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai , Laetsch Dana Clarissa , Chen Li-Ju , Haefeli Walter Emil , Meid Andreas D , Brenner Hermann , Schöttker Ben 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic pain is common in the older population and a significant public health concern. However, comprehensive studies on analgesics use in this age group from Germany are scarce. This study aims to give a comprehensive overview on the use of the most common therapeutic groups of analgesics in community-dwelling older adults from Germany.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from a German cohort of 2038 community-dwelling adults aged 63–89 years. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were applied to assess the utilization of analgesics by age, sex, pain severity, pain duration, and locations.

Results
One out of four study participants was suffering from high-intensity or disabling pain. Approximately half of those taking analgesics still reported to suffer from high-intensity or disabling pain. Among analgesics users, occasional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use was the most frequent pain therapy (in 43.6% of users), followed by metamizole (dipyrone) use (16.1%), regular NSAIDs use (12.9%), strong opioids use (12.7%), and weak opioids use (12.0%). In multivariate logistic regression models, higher age, higher pain severity, longer pain duration, abdominal pain, and back pain were statistically significantly associated with opioids use. Metamizole use was also statistically significantly associated with higher pain severity but inversely associated with pain duration.

Conclusions
A significant number of older German adults are affected by high-intensity and disabling chronic pain despite receiving analgesics. Long-term studies are needed to compare the effectiveness and safety of different treatments for chronic pain in older adults.
Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Anthurium huixtlense and Pothos scandens (Pothoideae, Araceae): Unique Inverted Repeat Expansion and Contraction Affect Rate of Evolution
Authors: Abdullah  , Henriquez Claudia L. , Mehmood Furrukh , Carlsen Monica M. , Islam Madiha , Waheed Mohammad Tahir , Poczai Peter , Croat Thomas B. , Ahmed Ibrar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe subfamily Pothoideae belongs to the ecologically important plant family Araceae. Here, we report the chloroplast genomes of two species of the subfamily Pothoideae: Anthurium huixtlense (size: 163,116 bp) and Pothos scandens (size: 164,719 bp). The chloroplast genome of P. scandens showed unique contraction and expansion of inverted repeats (IRs), thereby increasing the size of the large single-copy region (LSC: 102,956 bp) and decreasing the size of the small single-copy region (SSC: 6779 bp). This led to duplication of many single-copy genes due to transfer to IR regions from the small single-copy (SSC) region, whereas some duplicate genes became single copy due to transfer to large single-copy regions. The rate of evolution of protein-coding genes was affected by the contraction and expansion of IRs; we found higher mutation rates for genes that exist in single-copy regions as compared to those in IRs. We found a 2.3-fold increase of oligonucleotide repeats in P. scandens when compared with A. huixtlense, whereas amino acid frequency and codon usage revealed similarities. The ratio of transition to transversion mutations was 2.26 in P. scandens and 2.12 in A. huixtlense. Transversion mutations mostly translated in non-synonymous substitutions. The phylogenetic inference of the limited species showed the monophyly of the Araceae subfamilies. Our study provides insight into the molecular evolution of chloroplast genomes in the subfamily Pothoideae and family Araceae.
Prospective Randomized Study on Stapled Anopexy Height and Its Influence on Recurrence for Hemorrhoidal Disease Treatment
Authors: Hidalgo‐Grau Luis Antonio , Piedrafita‐Serra Encarna , Ruiz‐Edo Neus , Llorca‐Cardeñosa Sara , Heredia‐Budó Adolfo , Estrada‐Ferrer Oscar , Suñol‐Sala Xavier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo know the influence of the stapled line height (SLH) in the recurrence rate and the postoperative disturbances in stapled anopexy (SA) for the treatment of hemorrhoids.DesignSimple randomized double‐blind controlled clinical trial. Randomization with closed‐envelope technique in two groups with two different SLH.SettingColorectal Surgery Unit. Department of General Surgery. Hospital de Mataró (Barcelona, Spain).Participants119 patients with the diagnosis of symptomatic third‐ and fourth‐grade hemorrhoids were included.InterventionSA was performed with two different SLH: group A, 4.5 cm (58 patients) and group B, 6 cm (61 patients) from the external anal verge. Postoperative disturbances were evaluated by a colorectal surgeon who was blind for the randomization and pain was measured (visual analogic scale) one week and 3 months after surgery. Mean operative time, number of hemostatic stitches performed and resected mucosal area were considered as well. Mean follow‐up was 11.05 ± 1.6 years.ResultsDifferences between the operative time and resected mucosa‐submucosa area were not found. The patients of group A needed a significantly higher number of stitches for intraoperative bleeding control along the stapled line. We did not found differences between both groups in terms of postoperative pain neither anorectal disturbances. At the follow‐up, persistence of symptomatology was 10.41% in group A and 10.71% in group B, without statistically significance. Neither mortality nor undesirable effects occurred in the series.ConclusionsSLH do not influence the recurrence rate neither the postoperative evolution in SA.Trial registrationClinical Trials NCT03383926.
Diversification of CpG-Island Promoters Revealed by Comparative Analysis Between Human and Rhesus Monkey Genomes
Authors: Aoto Saki , Fushimi Mayu , Yura Kei , Okamura Kohji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile CpG dinucleotides are significantly reduced compared to other dinucleotides in mammalian genomes, they can congregate and form CpG islands, which localize around the 5ʹ regions of genes, where they function as promoters. CpG-island promoters are generally unmethylated and are often found in housekeeping genes. However, their nucleotide sequences and existence per se are not conserved between humans and mice, which may be due to evolutionary gain and loss of the regulatory regions. In this study, human and rhesus monkey genomes, with moderately conserved sequences, were compared at base resolution. Using transcription start site data, we first validated our methods’ ability to identify orthologous promoters and indicated a limitation using the 5ʹ end of curated gene models, such as NCBI RefSeq, as their transcription start sites. We found that, in addition to deamination mutations, insertions and deletions of bases, repeats, and long fragments contributed to the mutations of CpG dinucleotides. We also observed that the G + C contents tended to change in CpG-poor environments, while CpG content was altered in G + C-rich environments. While loss of CpG islands can be caused by gradual decreases in CpG sites, gain of these islands appear to require two distinct nucleotide altering steps. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the process of acquisition and diversification of CpG-island promoters in vertebrates.
A common neural substrate for processing scenes and egomotion-compatible visual motion
Authors: Sulpizio Valentina , Galati Gaspare , Fattori Patrizia , Galletti Claudio , Pitzalis Sabrina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have revealed two separate classes of category-selective regions specialized in optic flow (egomotion-compatible) processing and in scene/place perception. Despite the importance of both optic flow and scene/place recognition to estimate changes in position and orientation within the environment during self-motion, the possible functional link between egomotion- and scene-selective regions has not yet been established. Here we reanalyzed functional magnetic resonance images from a large sample of participants performing two well-known “localizer” fMRI experiments, consisting in passive viewing of navigationally relevant stimuli such as buildings and places (scene/place stimulus) and coherently moving fields of dots simulating the visual stimulation during self-motion (flow fields). After interrogating the egomotion-selective areas with respect to the scene/place stimulus and the scene-selective areas with respect to flow fields, we found that the egomotion-selective areas V6+ and pIPS/V3A responded bilaterally more to scenes/places compared to faces, and all the scene-selective areas (parahippocampal place area or PPA, retrosplenial complex or RSC, and occipital place area or OPA) responded more to egomotion-compatible optic flow compared to random motion. The conjunction analysis between scene/place and flow field stimuli revealed that the most important focus of common activation was found in the dorsolateral parieto-occipital cortex, spanning the scene-selective OPA and the egomotion-selective pIPS/V3A. Individual inspection of the relative locations of these two regions revealed a partial overlap and a similar response profile to an independent low-level visual motion stimulus, suggesting that OPA and pIPS/V3A may be part of a unique motion-selective complex specialized in encoding both egomotion- and scene-relevant information, likely for the control of navigation in a structured environment.
Supportive care and osteopathic medicine in pediatric oncology: perspectives of current oncology clinicians, caregivers, and patients
Authors: Belsky Jennifer A. , Stanek Joseph , Skeens Micah A. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Rose Melissa J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and objective
Many children receiving chemotherapy struggle with therapy-induced side effects. To date, there has been no literature investigating the needs, knowledge, or implementation of osteopathic manipulative treatments (OMT) as a supportive care option in pediatric oncology. We hypothesized that pediatric oncology clinicians, caregivers, and patients have (a) limited knowledge of OMT and (b) dissatisfaction with current supportive care options and (c) would be interested in having OMT available during chemotherapy, once educated.

Methods
Participants included three cohorts: (1) children aged ≥ 9 years, diagnosed with cancer and actively receiving chemotherapy; (2) their caregivers; and (3) oncology clinicians at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. Participants completed 1:1 semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content regarding their perception of supportive care measures and views on OMT. Quantitative data was summarized descriptively.

Results
A total of 60 participants completed the interview. Participants demonstrated limited awareness of osteopathic medicine; no participant had more than “some” knowledge of OMT. After education about OMT using a brief video, all clinicians, caregivers, and 95% of patients were receptive to OMT as a supportive care option. Major themes included the following: (a) patients have uncontrolled chemotherapy side effects, (b) improved supportive care options are desired, and (c) osteopathic medicine is a favorable supportive care adjunct.

Conclusions
Pediatric oncology clinicians, caregivers, and patients reported a need for better management of chemotherapy-associated side effects and an interest in utilizing OMT. These findings support further investigation into the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of implementing OMT in the pediatric oncology clinical setting.
Biochemical characterization of ferric uptake regulator (Fur) from Aliivibrio salmonicida. Mapping the DNA sequence specificity through binding studies and structural modelling
Authors: Berg Kristel , Pedersen Hege Lynum , Leiros Ingar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIron is an essential nutrient for bacteria, however its propensity to form toxic hydroxyl radicals at high intracellular concentrations, requires its acquisition to be tightly regulated. Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a metal-dependent DNA-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional regulator in maintaining iron metabolism in bacteria and is a highly interesting target in the design of new antibacterial drugs. Fur mutants have been shown to exhibit decreased virulence in infection models. The protein interacts specifically with DNA at binding sites designated as ‘Fur boxes’. In the present study, we have investigated the interaction between Fur from the fish pathogen Aliivibrio salmonicida (AsFur) and its target DNA using a combination of biochemical and in silico methods. A series of target DNA oligomers were designed based on analyses of Fur boxes from other species, and affinities assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Binding strengths were interpreted in the context of homology models of AsFur to gain molecular-level insight into binding specificity.
Polymer Beads Decorated with Dendritic Systems as Supports for A3 Coupling Catalysts
Authors: Bukowska Agnieszka , Bester Karol , Pytel Maciej , Bukowski Wiktor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe gel type microscopic polymer beads bearing epoxy functionalities were modified using the two-stage procedures in order to decorate their surface with the moieties of the zeroth order PAMAM type dendrimer and different heterocyclic aldehydes (2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 2-pyrrolidinecarboxaldehyde, furfural or 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde). The polymeric supports provided in this manner were then used for the immobilization of copper(II) ions. The resulting materials were characterized using different instrumental techniques (optical microscopy, SEM, FTIR microscopy, DR UV–Vis, ICP-OES, and thermal analysis). They were also used as catalysts in the model A3coupling reaction of benzaldehyde, morpholine and phenylacetylene. The best catalytic activity was found for the polymeric catalyst bearing 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde moieties. It turned out to be effective in the A3coupling reactions included different benzaldehyde, alkyne, and secondary amine derivatives, as well. It could also be recycled several times without a significant decrease in its activity in the model A3coupling reaction.Graphic Abstract
Distribution of metal contamination and grain size in the sediments of Nakdong River, Korea
Authors: Kim Shin , Yang Deuk Seok , Kim Yong Seok 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo assess distribution of metal contamination and grain size in the sediments of Nakdong River (South Korea), surface sediments were collected from 21 sites and analyzed. Within the study area, sand was typically the dominant grain size. However, because of the reduced flow rate and flow velocity, sites adjacent to weirs were composed of relatively fine sediments. A comparison of sediment metal concentrations with sediment quality guidelines proposed by the USA, Canada, and South Korea revealed that sites adjacent to weirs had concentrations that exceeded the standard values. The enrichment factor, index of geo-accumulation, and pollution load index calculation results that the sites adjacent to weirs showed high contamination, with Cd accounting for the highest contamination levels. The metals in the study area varies due to the effect of fine sediments; therefore, high concentrations of metals accumulated adjacent to weirs where fine sediments were distributed in greater proportions. Furthermore, Cd exhibited the greatest contribution to metal contamination in the study area and the highest contamination levels were found at NS19 (adjacent to the Haman weir). Thus, the accumulation of fine sediment increased due to the influence of the weirs, thereby increasing the overall amount of metal contamination.
PARD: Hybrid Proactive and Reactive Method Eliminating Flow Setup Latency in SDN
Authors: Rzepka Michal , Borylo Piotr , Lason Artur , Szymanski Andrzej 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvantages of Software Defined Networking are unquestionable and are widely described in numerous scientific papers, business white papers and press articles. However, to achieve full maturity, crucial impediments to this concept and its shortcomings must be overcame. One of the most important issues regards significant setup latency of a new flow. To address this issue we propose PARD: a hybrid proactive and reactive method to manage flow table entries. Additional advantages of the proposed solution are, among the others, its ability to preserve all capabilities of Software Defined Networking, utilization of multiple flow tables, a possibility to employ fine-grained traffic engineering and, finally, compatibility with existing protocol and hardware design. It is shown that the proposed solution is able to significantly reduce latency of first packets of a new flow, which directly impacts packet loss and perceived throughput. Thus, our solution is expected to enable a wide deployment of Software Defined Networking concept without any need for protocol changes or, what is extremely important, hardware modifications.
Privacy Considerations in Participatory Data Collection via Spatial Stackelberg Incentive Mechanisms
Authors: Koh Jing Yang , Peters Gareth W. , Nevat Ido , Leong Derek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMobile crowd sensing is a widely used sensing paradigm allowing applications on mobile smart devices to routinely obtain spatially distributed data on a range of user attributes: location, temperature, video and audio. Such data then typically forms the input to application specific machine learning tasks to achieve objectives such as improving user experience, targeting geo-localised query based searches to user interests and commercial aspects of targeted geo-localised advertising. We consider a scenario in which the sensing application purchases data from spatially distributed smartphone users. In many spatial monitoring applications, the crowdsourcer needs to incentivize users to contribute sensing data. This may help ensure collected data has good spatial coverage, which will enhance quality of service provided to the application user when used in machine learning tasks such as spatial regression. Privacy considerations should be addressed in such crowd sensing applications, and an incentive offered to “privacy-concerned” users to contribute data. A novel Stackelberg incentive mechanism is developed that allows workers to specify their location whilst satisfying their location privacy requirements. The Stackelberg and Nash equilibria are explored and an algorithm to demonstrate the approach is developed for a real data application.
Microfirms and innovation in the service sector
Authors: Audretsch David B. , Kritikos Alexander S. , Schiersch Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the context of microfirms, this paper analyzes whether the link between the three aspects involving innovative activities—R&D, innovative output, and productivity—hold for knowledge-intensive services. With especially high start-up rates and the majority of employees in microfirms, knowledge-intensive services (KIS) have a starkly different profile from manufacturing. Results from our structural models indicate that KIS firms benefit from innovation activities through increased labor productivity with highly skilled employees being similarly important compared to R&D for creating innovation output in microfirms. Moreover, the firm size advantage of large firms found for manufacturing almost disappears in KIS, with start-ups and young firms having a higher probability of initiating innovation activities and of successfully turning knowledge into innovation output than mature firms.
On Wide Dynamic Range Tone Mapping CMOS Image Sensor
Authors: Mughal Waqas , Choubey Bhaskar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe dynamic range of a natural scene often covers over 6 decades of intensity from bright to dark areas. Typical image sensors, however, have limited ability to capture this dynamic range available in nature. Even after designing specific wide dynamic range (WDR) image sensors, displaying them on conventional media with limited ability requires computationally complex tone mapping.
This paper proposed a novel CMOS pixel which can capture and perform tone mapping during data acquisition. The pixel requires a reference voltage to generate tone mapped response. A number of different reference signals are proposed and generated which can perform WDR operation. Nevertheless, fixed pattern noise (FPN) effects the performance of these pixel. A pixel model with simple parameter extraction procedure is described for a typical tone mapping operator. This model is then used to obtain a simple procedure for pixel calibration leading to reduced FPN. The new proposed pixel response is able to capture upto 6 decades of light intensity and reported FPN correction procedure produces 1% of FPN contrast error.