Magnetic Nanoparticles As a Biological Sensors for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer Cells
Authors: Bagherpour Ali Reza 
Published: February 2020

Recently, Nano-bio interactions become very attractive due to their early disease diagnosis and therapy. Furthermore, studies of these nano-particles and their interactions with healthy tissues and organs have enabled new approaches for the precise control of off-target nano-particle clearance, which is equally important as disease targeting. For this reason, coating them with bio-compatible agents became necessary for in vitro and in vivo applications. In this research, magnetic nano-particles synthesized by chemical decomposition method and coated with the bio-compatible agents around them. Besides, as-synthesized RMNPs powders were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDAX), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Zeta Potential analyser. In order to conjugate several Biological agents, zero-length crosslinkers such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) which makes use of carbodiimide chemistry to covalently bond a primary or secondary amine to the alpha carbon of a carboxylate group has been used to forming an amide linkage. On the surface of these nano-particles, fluorescent agents have been used in order to early diagnosing of cancer cells. For this purpose, Bio-compatible peptide-based Nano-systems proposed to demonstrate the fluorescence. On the one hand, due to the magnetic nature of these nano-particles with high magnetization (~80 emu/g) succeeded to guide them to the exact location of tumors and also we used hyperthermia cancer therapy. On the other hand, by mounting the photosensitizer agents on the surface of these nano-particles, activated these agents by stimulating them in the specific wavelengths (450 nm), so, this help us to damage tumor cells by a photodynamic method. Also, these nano-particles were able to use as a cargo for anti-cancer drugs. As, Arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptides, are designed, fabricated, and experimentally validated for drug delivery and imaging they were a good candidate for this purpose. So that, these nano-particles used to encapsulate anti-cancer drugs such as Cisplatin, Doxorubicin and, 5fluorouracil. Multi-functionalized MNPs not only have the ability of early detection of illnesses, including tumor cells, but also, by engineering their surface, we succeeded to damage the tumor cells in the Multilateral way.
1-Du B, Yu M, Zheng J. Transport and interactions of nanoparticles in the kidneys. Nature Reviews Materials. 2018 Aug 3:1.
2- Bagherpour AR, Kashanian F, Ebrahimi SS, Habibi-Rezaei M. L-arginine modified magnetic nanoparticles: green synthesis and characterization. Nanotechnology. 2018 Jan 15;29(7):075706.
3- Shi D, Sadat ME, Dunn AW, Mast DB. Photo-fluorescent and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanoscale. 2015;7(18):8209-32.
4- Jin D, Xi P, Wang B, Zhang L, Enderlein J, van Oijen AM. Nanoparticles for super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule tracking. Nature methods. 2018 May 28:1.
5- Fan Z, Chang Y, Cui C, Sun L, Wang DH, Pan Z, Zhang M. Near infrared fluorescent peptide nanoparticles for enhancing esophageal cancer therapeutic efficacy. Nature communications. 2018 Jul 4;9(1):2605.
6- Zhang J, Jiang C, Longo JP, Azevedo RB, Zhang H, Muehlmann LA. An updated overview on the development of new photosensitizers for anticancer photodynamic therapy. Acta pharmaceutica sinica B. 2018 Mar 1;8(2):137-46.

Figure 1