bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ZZ/ZW Sex Chromosome System in Cephalochordate Amphioxus
Authors: Shi Chenggang , Wu Xiaotong , Su Liuru , Shang Chaoqi , Li Xuewen , Wang Yiquan , Li Guang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSex determination is remarkably variable among animals with examples of environmental sex determination, male heterogametic (XX/XY) and female heterogametic (ZZ/ZW) chromosomal sex determination, and other genetic mechanisms. The cephalochordate amphioxus occupies a key phylogenetic position as a basal chordate and outgroup to vertebrates, but its sex determination mechanism is unknown. During the course of generating Nodal mutants with transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) in amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae, serendipitously, we generated three mutant strains that reveal the sex determination mechanism of this animal. In one mutant strain, all heterozygous mutant offspring over three generations were female and all wild-type descendants were male. This pattern suggests the Nodal allele targeted is on a female-specific W chromosome. A second mutant showed the same W-linked inheritance pattern, with a female heterozygote passing the mutation only to daughters. In a third mutant strain, both male and female offspring could be heterozygous, but a female heterozygote passed the mutation only to sons. This pattern is consistent with the targeted allele being on a Z chromosome. We found an indel polymorphism linked to a Nodal allele present in most females, but no males in our cultured population. Together, these results indicate that Nodal is sex chromosome-linked in B. floridae, and that B. floridae has a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system.
Effect of cassava variety, fertiliser type and dosage on the physicochemical, functional and pasting properties of high-quality cassava flour (HQCF)
Authors: Rasaq S.A. , Shittu T.A. , Fadimu G.J. , Abass A.B. , Omoniyi O. 
Published: January 2020

The increase in the dry matter content of cassava due to fertiliser application has been widely reported. However, information on the effect of cassava variety, fertiliser compounding ratio and dosages on physicochemical, functional and pasting properties of high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) is scarce in the literature. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cassava variety (TME 419 and TME 30572), fertiliser compounding ratios (NPK ratio 15-15-15, 20-10-10 and 12-12-17) and dosage (150 and 300 kg/ha) on some quality parameters of HQCF, and the influence of independent factors on HQCF was determined using general linear model (GLM) analysis. The result revealed that all the independent variables had significant (p < 0.05) effect on the physicochemical, functional and pasting properties of HQCF. The proximate composition of the flour was mostly affected by variety and fertiliser type, while the interactive effect of fertiliser type and dosage as well as the fertiliser type and variety was significant (p < 0.05) on the total starch content. Varietal influence was the main factor that significantly affected the amylose content of the flour samples and swelling power as well as least gelation concentration was significantly affected by fertiliser compounding ratio. In addition, interaction of fertiliser type and dosage had significant effect on swelling power. Pasting properties of the flour samples were mostly influenced by fertiliser type and cassava varieties, while dosage did not show significant influence on the flour properties. Peak viscosity value, which varied from 462.58 to 534.67 RVU, is the pasting property that was mostly affected by the independent factors. This study clearly indicates that cassava varieties and fertiliser treatment could influence the functionality of HQCF in food systems.
Fungal microflora in dried persimmon fruits
Authors: Gündüz G.T. , Korkmaz A. , Öztürk Z. , Emenli I. 
Published: January 2020

Persimmon fruit due to its short shelf life is often consumed as fresh during the season, but it is also consumed as a dried fruit. In recent years, dried persimmon fruits with mouldy appearance as a whole are sold by small-scale local enterprises. In this study, the fungal profile of both fruit surface and inner parts of the whole dried persimmon fruit was investigated. Mould and yeast counts and osmophilic count were determined by using acidified potato dextrose agar and malt extract agar containing 40% sucrose respectively. Mould isolates were identified considering their cultural and morphological properties. Two different sampling methods were applied and no significant differences were found for osmophilic yeast counts, yeast counts and mould counts except osmophilic mould counts. In this study, it was observed that 95% of the samples were contaminated with moulds and the number of moulds was in the range of <1–4.34 log colony forming units per gram (cfu/g). Seventeen different genera of moulds were isolated from dried persimmon fruits, and the dominant microflora of the analysed samples were Rhizopus spp., Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp.
Colonial Legacies and Collaborative Action: Improving Indigenous Peoples’ Health Care in Canada
Authors: Wylie Lloy , McConkey Stephanie , Corrado Ann Marie 
Published: January 2020

Indigenous people experience significant health disparities compared to non-Indigenous people, which are exacerbated by less accessible and poorer quality health care services. This research aimed to understand the specific barriers to health care that Indigenous patients and their families face, as well as to explore promising practices and strategies for improving the responsiveness of health services to the needs of Indigenous people. Through qualitative interviews with Indigenous and non-Indigenous health care and social services providers, we identified a range of challenges and successful approaches, and developed recommendations for improving policy and practice to address the gaps in culturally safe health care services. Our study shows that many of the barriers Indigenous people face when accessing health care are rooted in the broader social determinants of health, such as poverty, racism, housing, and education. These are complex problems that are outside of the traditional scope of health care practice. However, this study has also demonstrated that many barriers to equitable care actually stem from within the health care system itself. We found that health care gaps were often attributable to poorly funded on-reserve health care services and culturally unsafe off-reserve services. Attitudes and practices among those working in health care and gaps in coordination between mainstream and Indigenous services are challenges related to the way the health care system operates. Solutions are needed that address these issues. Given the multifaceted nature of access barriers, strategies to improve health services for Indigenous people and communities require a comprehensive and systemic approach.
Effect of Parent Well Production on Child Well Stimulation and Productivity
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Shrivastava Kaustubh , Elliott Brendan , Sharma Mukul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reduced production from child wells has been observed due to prior depletion around the parent well. In this work, a systematic simulation study is conducted to understand the effects of parent well depletion on child well fracture growth and production.
A three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulator based on the displacement discontinuity method is used to simulate parent well fracturing. The created hydraulic fractures are transferred into a finite volume-based geomechanical reservoir simulator for production simulation. The pressure and stress profiles in the reservoir after production simulation are then used in the hydraulic fracturing simulator to capture the effect of depletion on child well fracturing. Infill timing (parent well production duration before child well stimulation) is varied, and its impact on child well fracture geometry and the production (from the child and parent wells) is investigated.
The depletion of the reservoir due to production from the parent well can have a significant effect on the child well fracture growth. Asymmetric fracture growth, the tendency of the fractures to grow towards the depleted region, is clearly observed. The effect of the extent of depletion (infill timing) on asymmetric fracture growth for different reservoir diffusivities (kμϕct) is quantified. The impact of child well fracturing on the parent well production is explored for different operating scenarios. The effect of well spacing on parent-child well interactions is also analyzed. This work provides quantitative estimates of the impact of depletion on the fracture geometry, and productivity.
Forkhead Box O1-p21 Mediates Macrophage Polarization in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Sevoflurane
Authors: Fu Jun-Bao , Wang Zhi-Hua , Ren Yong-Ying 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
The current study was conducted in order to investigate the role of Forkhead
box O1 and p21-mediated macrophage polarization in postoperative cognitive dysfunction induced
by sevoflurane.

Methods:
There involved a total of 30 healthy mice that were randomly divided into two groups:
control group (without any treatment) and anaesthesia group (treated with sevoflurane inhalation).
The effects of sevoflurane on cognitive function (memory) in mice were studied by trace fear conditioned
reflex, and the effects of systemic inflammation and behavior after operation were measured
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the concentrations of CD163 and tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. The expression of macrophage phenotype was
observed by immunofluorescence staining, the expression levels of M1 and M2 markers mRNA
were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), and the expression levels of
FoxO1 and p21 were analyzed by immunoblotting (Western blot).

Results:
Compared with the control group, the freezing time in the anesthesia group was lower
than that in the control group (P<0.01), indicating that sevoflurane anesthesia led to the decrease
of cognitive ability. The blood concentrations of CD163 and TNF-α increased significantly at 24 h
after the operation with sevoflurane anesthesia (P<0.05). Fluorescence microscopic observation
showed that M2 was the main type of macrophages in normal tissues, while M1 and M2 phenotypes
were highly expressed in sevoflurane anesthetized tissues at the same time, especially in M1
phenotypes (P<0.01). The polarization of macrophages in the anesthetic group showed the high
level of M1 mRNA, and the expression levels of TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1)
and Interleukin-6 (IL-6)mRNA in the anesthetic group were significantly higher than those in the
control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of M2 mRNA such as transforming growth factor-β
(TGF-β) and IL-10 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared
with the control group, the expression of FoxO1 and p21 protein in the anesthesia group was significantly
lower than that in the control group with a significant statistical difference (P<0.01).

Conclusion:
This study offers a theoretical basis and insight for further understanding of the prevention
and treatment of cognitive dysfunction induced by anesthetic drugs.
Neuronal Excitability in Epileptogenic Zones Regulated by the Wnt/ Β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Rubio Carmen , Taddei Elisa , Acosta Jorge , Custodio Verónica , Paz Carlos 
Published: January 2020

:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that involves abnormal and recurrent neuronal discharges,
producing epileptic seizures. Recently, it has been proposed that the Wnt signaling pathway is essential
for the central nervous system development and function because it modulates important processes
such as hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic clefting, and mitochondrial regulation. Wnt/β-
catenin signaling regulates changes induced by epileptic seizures, including neuronal death. Several
genetic studies associate Wnt/β-catenin signaling with neuronal excitability and epileptic activity. Mutations
and chromosomal defects underlying syndromic or inherited epileptic seizures have been identified.
However, genetic factors underlying the susceptibility of an individual to develop epileptic seizures
have not been fully studied yet. In this review, we describe the genes involved in neuronal excitability
in epileptogenic zones dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Using Machine Learning to Predict Early Onset Acute Organ Failure in Critically Ill Intensive Care Unit Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: Retrospective Study
Authors: Mohammed Akram , Podila Pradeep S B , Davis Robert L , Ataga Kenneth I , Hankins Jane S , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan 
Published: January 2020

Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder of the red blood cells, resulting in multiple acute and chronic complications, including pain episodes, stroke, and kidney disease. Patients with SCD develop chronic organ dysfunction, which may progress to organ failure during disease exacerbations. Early detection of acute physiological deterioration leading to organ failure is not always attainable. Machine learning techniques that allow for prediction of organ failure may enable early identification and treatment and potentially reduce mortality.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that machine learning physiomarkers can predict the development of organ dysfunction in a sample of adult patients with SCD admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods
We applied diverse machine learning methods, statistical methods, and data visualization techniques to develop classification models to distinguish SCD from controls.

Results
We studied 63 sequential SCD patients admitted to ICUs with 163 patient encounters (mean age 30.7 years, SD 9.8 years). A subset of these patient encounters, 22.7% (37/163), met the sequential organ failure assessment criteria. The other 126 SCD patient encounters served as controls. A set of signal processing features (such as fast Fourier transform, energy, and continuous wavelet transform) derived from heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate was identified to distinguish patients with SCD who developed acute physiological deterioration leading to organ failure from patients with SCD who did not meet the criteria. A multilayer perceptron model accurately predicted organ failure up to 6 hours before onset, with an average sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 98%, respectively.

Conclusions
This retrospective study demonstrated the viability of using machine learning to predict acute organ failure among hospitalized adults with SCD. The discovery of salient physiomarkers through machine learning techniques has the potential to further accelerate the development and implementation of innovative care delivery protocols and strategies for medically vulnerable patients.
Série Mesa de Griot (ensaio visual)
Authors: (Patrícia Francisco) Luanda 
Published: January 2020

O trabalho vem sendo elaborado por vivências no ambiente sagrado, terreiro de Umbanda e em estudos afro-brasileiros. Tem como objeto de reflexão discutir a Cultura Afro-Brasileira e sua presença na arte contemporânea proposta a partir dos trânsitos relacionais, sociais, culturais e políticos que se deram pelo mar Atlântico desde o período colonial, procurando correlacionar a natureza, a escravidão e a espiritualidade. As obras procuram apresentar a imersão espiritual, através da ambientação de “momentos” ritualísticos, construídos a partir de elementos de caráter simbólico. São recorrentemente realizadas em vídeo, fotografia, pintura, performance e instalação e organizadas em série. Dentro desse processo histórico da Escravidão que ressoa na nossa Contemporaneidade, ainda faz uma reflexão sobre o corpo, tanto o corpo negro, como o corpo da própria artista, referente à sua condição miscigenada e espiritualizada em trânsito na arte contemporânea brasileira. Luanda é o nome adotado por Patrícia Francisco para os trabalhos que elabora em coautoria com entidades espirituais afro-brasileiras.
READING NARRATIVE BY SEMANTIC MAPPING: A STRATEGY TO ENHANCE STUDENTSâ€™ COMPREHENSION
Authors: Hikmah Durratul , Pranata Mohammad Sofyan Adi 
Published: January 2020

This study attempted to investigate the effectiveness of using semantic mapping strategy for improving studentsâ€™ reading comprehension skill on narrative text. This study employed a quasi-experimental design by dividing the research group into control and experimental group. In this study, a pre-test and post-test experimental design with control group was used. The instruments used to collect the data were reading comprehension tests before and after the treatment.Â The study was conducted at grade VIII of SMP Nurul Jadid Probolinggo at which the students were identified as having problem in comprehending English narrative text. The finding showed that semantic mapping strategy can improve studentsâ€™ comprehension on reading narrative text.
Öğrencilerin Fen Bilimleri Dersinde Kullanılan Öğretim Teknikleri Tercihlerinin Ölçeklendirilmesi
Authors: DEMİRUS Kadriye Belgin , GELBAL Selahattin 
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul
öğrencilerinin fen bilimleri dersinde başarıları açısından en yararlı olacağına
inandıkları sekiz öğretim tekniğini ölçeklendirmektir. Bu kapsamda uzman
görüşlerine göre teknikler belirlenmiştir. Araştırma verisi devlet okullarında
öğrenim gören 221 altıncı sınıf öğrencisinden toplanmıştır. Araştırmada
sınıflama yargılarına dayalı ardışık aralıklar yöntemiyle ölçekleme
yapılmıştır. Öğretim tekniklerinin (uyarıcıların) ölçek değerleri hesaplanarak
yorumlanmıştır. Ayrıca, Spearman-rho sıra korelasyon katsayısı kullanılarak
erkek ve kızların ölçek değerleri arasındaki ilişki belirlenmiştir. Öğrenciler
fen bilimleri dersinde başarılarına en büyük katkıyı yapan teknik olarak
birinci sırada deney tekniğini tercih etmişlerdir. Deney tekniğini sırasıyla
soru-cevap, gösteri, eğitsel video, gezi-gözlem ve grup çalışması tekniği takip
etmektedir. Öğrenciler büyük grup
tartışması ve eğitsel oyun tekniklerinin ise fen bilimleri başarılarına en
küçük katkıyı yaptığını belirtmişlerdir. Korelasyon analizi kız ve erkeklerin
farklı tercih sırasına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuçlara göre; öğrenciler
başarıyı çoğunlukla uygulamalı öğretim tekniklerine bağlamaktadır. Öğretim
tekniklerinin değeri nasıl uygulandıklarına bağlıdır; bu durum genellikle
öğretmen ve öğrenciler arasındaki ilişki tarafından belirlenir. Bundan sonraki
çalışmalarda öğretmen yeterliliği, öğrenme konusu ve tekniklerin kullanılma
sıklığı gibi konuların araştırılmasının öğrencilerin teknik tercihlerine daha
açıklayıcı bir değerlendirme getireceği beklenmektedir.
Adverse Effect of Mixture of Food Additives on Some Biochemical Parameters in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Radwan Eman Hashem , Mohamed Elghazaly Mohamed , Hussein Hussein Khamis , Abdel Aziz Karolin Kamel , Barakat Amel Ibrahim 
Published: January 2020

The present study investigated the unsafe impacts of sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate and their mixture which is utilized in fabricating of the food on some biochemical parameters in male albino rats. Rats (40) were divided into four groups as follows: group 1 used as the control, group II and III were treated orally with sodium nitrite nano2 (80 mg/kg BW) and sodium benzoate (SB) (200 mg/kg BW), respectively. Group IV was treated orally with a mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate. Rats took their respective doses every day for 8 weeks. The obtained results showed that sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate and their mixture (nano2 and SB) initiated a diminished within in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH) within the kidney, while, MDA recorded a highly significant activity level within experimental groups. Urea and creatinine mean levels were were expanded within plasma of the experimental rats. In the histology of the kidney, sections appeared edema with few mononuclear leukocyte cellular infiltrations, shrinkage of glomeruli. The severity of these changes increased in the experimental group which treated by the mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate. Overexpression in p53 occurred in experimental groups that were treated by nano2, SB and their mixture. The present study concluded that the mixture of food additives can induce toxicity in the kidney of rats. It is obvious that food additives induced nephrotoxicity within the kidney. It decreased the antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, and SOD) and increased MDA. Increase tumor suppressor gene p53 in kidney tissue. Food added substances caused changes in biochemical parameters as in creatinine and urea. The utilization of food additives must be decreased. The presence of more than one type of food additives on our food and the usage of the mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate initiated changes in biochemical parameters and immune-histopathological changes.
Myocardial work improvement after sacubitril–valsartan therapy: a new echocardiographic parameter for a new treatment
Authors: Valentim Gonçalves António , Galrinho Ana , Pereira-da-Silva Tiago , Branco Luísa , Rio Pedro , Timóteo Ana T. , Abreu João , Soares Rui M. , Feliciano Joana , Moreira Rita I. , Ferreira Rui C. 
Published: January 2020

Aims
Myocardial work is a new transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) parameter that enhances the information provided through left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS). Nothing is known about the impact of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) therapy on myocardial work parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LCZ696 on LV myocardial work in heart failure patients.

Methods
Prospective evaluation of chronic heart failure patients with LV ejection fraction of 40% or less despite optimized standard of care therapy, in which LCZ696 therapy was started and no other heart failure treatment was expected to change. TTE study was performed before and 6 months after LCZ696 therapy. A semiautomated analysis of LV GLS was made and myocardial work estimated using custom software of the GE Vivid E95 ultrasound system.

Results
Of the 42 patients, 35 (83.3%) completed the 6 months, follow-up, since 2 (4.8%) patients died and 5 (11.9%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events. Mean age was 58.6 ± 11.1 years. TTE data showed a significant reduction in LV dimensions and atrial volumes, as well as an improvement in LV ejection fraction (29.3 vs. 35.2%, P = 0.001) and GLS (−7.0 vs. −8.9%, P = 0.001). Myocardial work had a significant increase in global constructive work (720.2 vs. 900.6 mmHg%, P = 0.016) and global work efficiency (78.6 vs. 86.6%, P = 0.027), with a nonsignificant decrease in global wasted work (150.2 vs. 136.8 mmHg%, P = 0.441) at 6 months.

Conclusion
LCZ696 therapy was associated with signs of reverse remodelling by usual TTE parameters and LV myocardial work at 6 months, including an increase in global constructive work and work efficiency.
A note on a property of the Gini coefficient
Authors: Genèev Marian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The scope of this note is a self-contained presentation of a mathematical method that enables us to give an absolute upper bound for the difference of the Gini coefficients
|G(σ1, . . ., σn) − G(γ1, . . . , γn)| ,
where (γ1, . . . , γn) represents the vector of the gross wages and (σ1, . . . , σn) represents the vector of the corresponding super-gross wages that is used in the Czech Republic for calculating the net wage. Since (as of June 2019) σi = 100 ⎡ 1.34 γi
/100⎤, the study of the above difference seems to be somewhat inaccessible for many economists. However, our estimate based on the presented technique implies that the introduction of the super-gross wage concept does not essentially affect the value of the Gini coefficient as sometimes expected.