bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic adaptations to aquatic and aerial life in mayflies and the origin of wings in insects
Authors: Almudi Isabel , Vizueta Joel , de Mendoza Alex , Wyatt Chris , Marletaz Ferdinand , Firbas Panos , Feuda Roberto , Masiero Giulio , Medina Patricia , Alcaina Ana , Cruz Fernando , Gómez-Garrido Jessica , Gut Marta , Alioto Tyler S. , Vargas-Chavez Carlos , Davie Kristofer , Misof Bernhard , González Josefa , Aerts Stein , Lister Ryan , Paps Jordi , Rozas Julio , Sánchez-Gracia Alejandro , Irimia Manuel , Maeso Ignacio , Casares Fernando 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe first winged insects underwent profound morphological and functional transformations leading to the most successful animal radiations in the history of earth. Despite this, we still have a very incomplete picture of the changes in their genomes that underlay this radiation. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are one of the extant sister groups of all other winged insects and therefore are at a key phylogenetic position to understand this radiation. Here, we describe the genome of the cosmopolitan mayflyCloeon dipterumand study its expression along development and in specific organs. We discover an expansion of odorant-binding proteins, some expressed specifically in the breathing gills of aquatic nymphs, suggesting a novel sensory role for gills. In contrast, as flying adults, mayflies make use of an enlarged set of opsins and utilise these visual genes in a sexually dimorphic manner, with some opsins expressed only in males. Finally, to illuminate the origin of wings, we identify a core set of deeply conserved wing-specific genes at the root of the pterygote insects. Globally, this is the first comprehensive study of the structure and expression of the genome of a paleopteran insect and shows how its genome has kept a record of its functional adaptations.
Aquaculture potential of Bohai Red and its hybrid withAgropecten irradians concentricusin southern China
Authors: Yao Gaoyou , Li Jianqiang , Wu Yuyuan , Su Xiaoying , Tan Jie , Liu Zhigang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArgopecten irradians concentricus(Say), one of four geographic subspecies of the bay scallop, has become the major cultured species in southern China since its introduction in 1995. However, its population has been significantly reduced due to high mortality.Also, poor growth rate has been observed following decades of culture.Therefore, the introduction or creation of new varieties is an urgent need. This study describes the first introduction of the new strain, Bohai Red, from the north to southern China. Hybridization trials were conducted between the recently introduced new strain and the local specie,A. irradians concentricus(Say). The success of hybridization was confirmed by SSR maker.The adult and juvenile Bohai Red cannot tolerate high temperatures compared toA. irradians concentricus(Say), whether in natural waters or under laboratory conditions. Fertilization rate forA. irradians concentricus(Say) × Bohai Red exceeded 80%, and hatching rate was 70%. The hybrids exhibit heterosis in survival rate, growth rate, and high-temperature tolerance, demonstrating substantial potential to replaceA. irradians concentricus(Say) in southern China.
Physicochemical changes in plasma membrane mirror nanoparticle-mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Sood Vishesh , Katti Dhirendra S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this chapter was to understand the influence of nanoparticle challenge on physicochemical characteristics of the cells and to correlate these changes with cytotoxic response of nanoparticles. A nanoparticle surface charge and a concentration-dependent cytotoxic response were observed in the breast cancer cell lines MDA MB 231 and SKBR3. The cationic gold nanoparticles were more cytotoxic to cells as compared to anionic gold nanoparticles. It was also observed that cationic nanoparticles compromised the integrity of the plasma membrane at higher concentrations. Cationic nanoparticle challenge also caused changes in physicochemical characteristics of plasma membrane. Higher concentration of cationic nanoparticles caused an irreversible change in the surface charge density of cells. However, anionic gold nanoparticles did not show any such effect. It was observed that the ROS-mediated oxidative stress was the mechanism of cationic gold nanoparticle-mediated cytotoxic effect. Mitochondrial depolarization was observed in both anionic and cationic nanoparticle challenge. Therefore, the role of mitochondrial ROS in nanoparticle-mediated cytotoxicity is questionable. Finally, a generalized model involving modulation of intracellular Ca2+can potentially provide an explanation for the observed pluralistic response of the cells towards nanoparticle challenge.
Pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays
Authors: Tierney Tim M , Mellor Stephanie , O’Neill George C , Holmes Niall , Boto Elena , Roberts Gillian , Hill Ryan M , Leggett James , Bowtell Richard , Brookes Matthew J , Barnes Gareth R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeveral new technologies have recently emerged promising new MEG systems in which the sensors can be placed close to the scalp. One such technology, Optically Pumped Magnetometry MEG (OP-MEG) allows for a scalp mounted flexible system that provides field measurements within mm of the scalp surface. A question that arises in developing on-scalp systems, such as OP-MEG scanners, is: how many sensors are necessary to achieve adequate performance/spatial discrimination? There are many factors to consider in answering this question such as the signal to noise ratio (SNR), the locations and depths of the sources of interest, the density of spatial sampling, sensor gain errors (due to interference, subject movement, cross-talk, etc.) and, of course, the desired spatial discrimination. In this paper, we provide simulations which show the impact these factors have on designing sensor arrays for wearable MEG. While OP-MEG has the potential to provide high information content at dense spatial samplings, we find that adequate spatial discrimination of sources (<1cm) can be achieved with relatively few sensors (<100) at coarse spatial samplings (~30mm) at high SNR. Comparable discrimination for traditional cryogenic systems require far more channels by these same metrics. Finally we show that sensor gain errors have the greatest impact on discrimination between deep sources at high SNR.
Predictive olfactory learning in Drosophila
Authors: Zhao Chang , Widmer Yves F. , Diegelmann Soeren , Petrovici Mihai A. , Sprecher Simon G. , Senn Walter 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTOlfactory learning and conditioning in the fruit fly is typically modelled by correlation-based associative synaptic plasticity. It was shown that the conditioning of an odor-evoked response by a shock depends on the connections from Kenyon cells (KC) to mushroom body output neurons (MBONs). Although on the behavioral level conditioning is recognized to be predictive, it remains unclear how MBONs form predictions of aversive or appetitive values (valences) of odors on the circuit level. We present behavioral experiments that are not well explained by associative plasticity between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, and we suggest two alternative models for how predictions can be formed. In error-driven predictive plasticity, dopaminergic neurons (DANs) represent the error between the predictive odor value and the shock strength. In target-driven predictive plasticity, the DANs represent the target for the predictive MBON activity. Predictive plasticity in KC-to-MBON synapses can also explain trace-conditioning, the valence-dependent sign switch in plasticity, and the observed novelty-familiarity representation. The model offers a framework to dissect MBON circuits and interpret DAN activity during olfactory learning.
Tracking niche change through time: simultaneous inference of ecological niche evolution and estimation of contemporary niches
Authors: Hua Xia , Cardillo Marcel , Bromham Lindell 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ecological niche of species is often studied from two different perspectives. Environmental niche modelling (ENM) infers a species’ current niche from contemporary occurrence records, while phylogenetic comparative methods (PCM) infer the history of niche evolution. Although these two areas of research are conceptually linked, they are analysed independently, within separate analytical frameworks.Here we provide a new method, NEMo (Niche Evolution Model), for simultaneous inference of niche evolution and estimation of contemporary niches of species. NEMo explicitly models three fundamental processes of niche evolution – adaptation, speciation, and dispersal – applying a reversible jump algorithm to infer occurrences of these processes on a phylogeny. The model permits ENMs to account for the role of history in shaping current species distributions, and offers more realistic models of evolution in PCMs.Simulations show that NEMo has high accuracy for estimating the ecological niche of species, and reasonable power to identify the occurrences of the three processes on phylogeny. When applied to a real case study (the Australian plant genusAcacia), the method is more effective at predicting a key environmental niche axis (salt tolerance) than using ENM alone, and it infers temporal patterns in the evolution of drought tolerance in response to aridification that are consistent with prior expectationsNEMo makes it possible to combine many types of data to study niche evolution and estimate species niches, not only species distributions and phylogeny, but also paleoclimate, species tolerance range, and fossil records.
RhoC modulates metabolic networks in cervical cancer by transcriptionally regulating the expression of genes involved in metabolism
Authors: Thomas Pavana , Bhavani Chandra , Srivastava Sweta 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn their quest for autonomy, tumor cells are known to reroute metabolic networks to aid their proliferation and survival. These metabolic alterations are governed by the tumor sub-population, thereby contributing towards an additional layer of complexity within the already heterogeneous tumor. For instance, bulk proliferative tumor cells rely on completely different pathways for their metabolic requirements as opposed to the stem-like metastatic cells. However, the molecular switch that drives these metabolic changes remains unknown. RhoC is a well-established contributor towards multiple aspects of tumor development including proliferation, EMT, migration, invasion and metastasis. A transcriptomics-based approach on a RhoC overexpressing cervical cancer cell line unveiled distinct metabolic signatures existent in these cells. Oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, nucleic acid metabolism and fatty acid elongation were some of the specific pathways that emerged as up-regulated. This study therefore provides insight into the intricate metabolic circuitry functional in aggressive RhoC-high cells and thus proposes a pivotal role for RhoC in oncometabolism.
Protein-free division of giant unilamellar vesicles controlled by enzymatic activity
Authors: Dreher Yannik , Spatz Joachim P. , Göpfrich Kerstin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCell division is one of the hallmarks of life. Success in the bottom-up assembly of synthetic cells will, no doubt, depend on strategies for the controlled autonomous division of protocellular compartments. Here, we describe the protein-free division of giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs) based on the combination of two physical principles – phase separation and osmosis. We visualize the division process with confocal fluorescence microscopy and derive a conceptual model based on the vesicle geometry. The model successfully predicts the shape transformations over time as well as the time point of the final pinching of the daughter vesicles. Remarkably, we show that two fundamentally distinct yet highly abundant processes – water evaporation and metabolic activity – can both regulate the autonomous division of GUVs. Our work may hint towards mechanisms that governed the division of protocells and adds to the strategic toolbox of bottom-up synthetic biology with its vision of bringing matter to life.
Anti-inflammatory properties of chemical probes in human whole blood: focus on prostaglandin E2production
Authors: Bergqvist Filip , Sundström Yvonne , Shang Mingmei , Gunnarsson Iva , Lundberg Ingrid , Sundström Michael , Jakobsson Per-Johan , Berg Louise 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe screened 57 chemical probes, high-quality tool compounds, and relevant clinically used drugs to investigate their effect on pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion in human whole blood. Freshly drawn blood from healthy volunteers and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or dermatomyositis was incubated with compounds at 0.1 or 1 μM and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μg/mL) to induce a pro-inflammatory condition. Plasma was collected after 24 hours for lipid profiling using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and IL-8 quantification using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each compound was tested in at least four donors at one concentration based on prior knowledge of binding affinities andin vitroactivity. Our screening suggested that PD0325901 (MEK-1/2 inhibitor), trametinib (MEK-1/2 inhibitor), and selumetinib (MEK-1 inhibitor) decreased while tofacitinib (JAK inhibitor) increased PGE2production. These findings were validated by concentration-response experiment in two donors. Moreover, the tested MEK inhibitors decreased thromboxane B2(TXB2) production and IL-8 secretion. We also investigated the lysophophatidylcholine (LPC) profile in plasma from treated whole blood as these lipids are potentially important mediators in inflammation, and we did not observe any changes in LPC profiles. Collectively, we deployed a semi-high throughput and robust methodology to investigate anti-inflammatory properties of new chemical probes.HighlightsInhibitors for MEK decreased PGE2and TXB2productionInhibitors for MEK and ERK decreased IL-8 secretionJAK inhibitor tofacitinib increased PGE2and TXB2production
FGFR/Heartless and Smog interact synergistically to negatively regulate Fog mediated GPCR signaling
Authors: Shweta Kumari , Basargekar Anagha , Ratnaparkhi Anuradha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractG-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling triggered by Folded gastrulation (Fog) is one of the pathways known to regulate glial organization and morphogenesis in the embryonic CNS inDrosophila. Fog is best known for its role in epithelial morphogenesis during gastrulation. Here, the signaling pathway includes GPCRs Mist and Smog and the G-Protein Concertina (Cta) which activate downstream effectors to bring about cytoskeletal changes essential for cell shape changeIn this study, we identify molecular players that mediate and serve as important regulators of Fog signaling in the embryonic CNS. We find that while Cta is essential for Fog signaling neither receptors, Mist nor Smog mediates signaling in the CNS. On the contrary, we find that Smog functions as a negative regulator of the pathway. Surprisingly,Heartlesswhich encodes a fibroblast growth factor receptor, also functions as a negative regulator of Fog signaling. Further, we find that bothheartlessandsmoginteract in a synergistic manner to regulate Fog signaling.This study thus identifies novel regulators of Fog signaling that may play an important role in fine-tuning the pathway to control cell morphogenesis. It also suggests the likelihood of there being multiple receptors for Fog that mediate and regulate signaling in a context specific manner.Author SummaryInDrosophila, Folded gastrulation (Fog) functions as ligand that signals via GPCRs to regulate cell shape during gastrulation -one of the earliest events in embryogenesis. Here, Fog signals via receptors Mist and Smog to activate the G-protein Concertina to elicit change in cell shape. In the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) this pathway regulates shape and organization of glia important for functions such as insulation of neurons and synapses.The mechanism of Fog signal transduction in the CNS and its regulation is not well understood. We have sought to address these questions in our study. We find that Concertina is an essential factor for Fog signaling in the CNS but interestingly Mist is not. In contrast, Smog functions as a negative regulator such that loss of Smog enhances Fog signaling. A similar role is played by the receptor tyrosine kinase-Heartless. Interestingly, we find that Smog and Heartless interact as part of a common genetic network to regulate Fog signaling. Our results thus provide novel insights into the regulation of Fog signaling and shed light on how signaling can be fine-tuned in a context dependent manner to control cell shape change which plays a critical role during development and organ formation.
Six sigma approach for neonatal jaundice patients in an Indian rural hospital – a case study
Authors: Prajapati Deoraj , Suman Gaurav 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to implement Six Sigma approach to decrease the length of stay (LOS) of neonatal jaundice patients in an Indian government rural hospital situated in northern hill region.

Design/methodology/approach
Six Sigma’s Define–Measure–Analyse–Improve–Control procedure is applied in order to decrease the LOS of neonatal jaundice patients. The mean and standard deviation have been computed as 34.53 and 20.01 h, respectively. The cause and effect diagram is used in the “Analyse” phase of the Six Sigma. The regression analysis and GEMBA observation techniques are used to validate the causes identified through cause and effect diagram.

Findings
The waiting time for registration, waiting time for tests, waiting time for phototherapy and time for discharge implementation are the main factors that are responsible for longer LOS. Based on the identified root causes, some recommendations are suggested to the hospital administration and staff members in order to reduce the LOS.

Research limitations/implications
The present research is limited to provide recommendations to the hospital administration to reduce LOS and it entirely depends upon the implementation of the administration. However, target of administration is to reduce the LOS up to 24 h.

Practical implications
Six Sigma model will reduce bottlenecks in LOS and enhance service quality of hospital. The developed regression model will help the doctors and staff members to assess and control the LOS by controlling and minimising the independent variables.

Social implications
The project will directly provide benefits to society, as LOS will decrease and patients’ satisfaction will automatically increase.

Originality/value
Six Sigma is a developed methodology, but its application in paediatric department is very limited. This is the first ever study of applying Six Sigma for neonatal jaundice patients in India.
Impact of caregiver overnight stay on postoperative outcomes
Authors: Griffin Susan , McGrath Leigh , Chesnut Gregory T. , Benfante Nicole , Assel Melissa , Ostrovsky Aaron , Levine Marcia , Vickers Andrew , Simon Brett , Laudone Vincent 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of having a patient-designated caregiver remain overnight with ambulatory extended recovery patients on early postoperative clinical outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing surgery requiring overnight stay in a highly resourced free-standing oncology ambulatory surgery center. Postoperative outcomes in patients who had caregivers stay with them overnight were compared with outcomes in those who did not. All other care was standardized. Primary outcomes were postoperative length of stay, hospital readmission rates, urgent care center (UCC) visits within 30 days and perioperative complication rates.FindingsAmong patients staying overnight, 2,462 (57 percent) were accompanied by overnight caregivers. In this group, time to discharge was significantly lower. Readmissions (though rare) were slightly higher, though the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.059). No difference in early (<30 day) complications or UCC visits was noted. Presence of a caregiver overnight was not associated with important differences in outcomes, though further research in a less well-structured environment is likely to show a more robust benefit. Caregivers are still recommended to stay overnight if that is their preference as no harm was identified.Originality/valueThis study is unique in its evaluation of the clinical impact of having a caregiver stay overnight with ambulatory surgery patients. Little research has focused on the direct impact of the caregiver on patient outcomes, especially in the ambulatory setting. With increased adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques and enhanced recovery pathways, a larger number of patients are eligible for short-stay ambulatory surgery. Factors that impact discharge and early postoperative complications are important.
Online learning for social justice and inclusion
Authors: Montelongo Ricardo , Eaton Paul William 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the online pedagogical practices and technological tools that influenced the attainment of skills and knowledge associated with professional multicultural competence in a graduate student online course focused on social justice and inclusion.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative case study includes a total of ten student participants. Two theoretical orientations guide the study. Mishra and Koehler’s (2006) model of technological pedagogical content knowledge is provided to understand the reciprocal relationship between content, pedagogy, knowledge and technology in online learning environments. Critical digital pedagogy (Morris and Stommel, 2018) provides insights into challenging the neutrality of technological tools and focuses on relational capacities of online learning environments. Initial coding by each researcher was reduced to thematic codes focused on technological tools, course content delivery, asynchronous and synchronous pedagogical strategies.

Findings
Data analysis revealed technological tools such as discussion boards, video, video conferencing and synchronous opportunities influence student engagement and learning. Further, findings reveal that the nature of online education itself – specifically asynchronocity – functions as both a distraction and possibility for online learning in multicultural education courses. Students in this study revealed the value of opportunities to engage synchronously in online learning environments. Instruction without such opportunities was disadvantageous to the learning of skills and knowledge associated with multicultural competence.

Research limitations/implications
The study is not generalizable to the experiences of all online students and only provides a small cross-section of online graduate students enrolled in a required diversity course at one institution.

Originality/value
There is a dearth of research focused on teaching courses in diversity, equity, social justice and inclusion in fully online environments, a gap this study begins to fill. The study also enhances the authors’ understanding of graduate student education.