bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P6 CFD Modelling of Arterialized Venous Flap
Authors: Andreia Serrano , Diogo Casal , Goyri O’Neill João , Valentina Vassilenko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe knowledge about the required quantity of blood to irrigate an angiosome is important on ischemia (disruption on blood perfusion) prediction, diagnosis and treatment. An angiosome (or flap) is an anatomic unity (or flap) of tissue, it is constituted by skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle, it is irrigated by an artery and drain by specific veins [1]. Since 70’s, flaps have been used on clinical practice for reconstruction of complex anatomical structures. Different model configurations have been created, to find a flap’s model that allows a better flap perfusion. In previous work [2] the four models with an average flap survival area of 76.86% ± 13.67% were tested in 53 male rats: I - conventional model of flap’s blood supply formed by femoral and epigastric arteries; II — Arterialized Venous Flap (AVF) produced by femoral side-to-side anastomosis; III - AVF produced by femoral side-to-side anastomosis and proximal ligation of the femoral vein; IV - AVF produced by terminal lateral anastomosis of the epigastric vein to the femoral artery). The experimental results have shown that the AVFs in group IV represent an optimized model of unconventional perfusion flap. In the present work the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods, an ANSYS®-Fluent code, were used for simulating a blood flow and flap perfusion in AVFs of group IV in order to find an optimum geometry for lateral anastomosis of the epigastric vein to the femoral artery with an angle variation from 90,0º to 45,0º. We find that the optimum angle is 86,5º. Three other models, conventional and unconventional, was also tested by CFD, finding that unconventional AVF of group III provides a greater blood flow through the epigastric vein, allowing a better perfusion of the flap.
P7 Assessing Vascular Age from Peripheral Pulse Waves: a Study of Existing Indices, and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Charlton Peter , Aresu Maria , Spear Jeanette , Chowienczyk Phil , Alastruey Jordi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Vascular age may be a better marker of cardiovascular risk than age. It has been proposed that vascular age could be assessed easily and inexpensively from the photoplethysmogram (PPG) pulse wave, which is measured by pulse oximeters and fitness bands. Our aim was to assess the performance of existing PPG-derived indices and provide directions for future research.

Methods
Two datasets were used. The Airwave dataset [1] contains finger PPG pulse waves alongside brachial-femoral pulse wave velocities (PWVs) from police employees: high quality data from 4,378 subjects aged 20 to 66 were used in this study. The arterial pulse wave database [2] contains simulated PPG pulse waves for 3,837 virtual subjects aged 25 to 75 exhibiting healthy ageing and normal variation in cardiovascular properties. Pulse wave features were derived, and the following indices were assessed: the ageing index (AGI) [3], modified AGI [4], informal AGI [5], and a novel AGI obtained by fitting a linear regression model to the five features most strongly correlated with age.

Results
See Figure 1. Existing indices correlated weakly with age. The new AGI was more strongly correlated with age on both datasets. It was weakly correlated with PWV and BP on Airwave, but strongly correlated with PWV on simulated data.

Conclusion
The improved performance of the new AGI indicates that there is scope for improving PPG-derived indices of vascular ageing. Indices appear to be correlated with age, PWV and BP, indicating that with further research they could be useful markers of cardiovascular risk.
P8 O-GlcNAcylation Increases Constriction in Common Carotid Artery of Senescent-Accelerated Female Mice
Authors: Costa Tiago J. , Silva Josiane F. , da Silva Renée de Nazaré O. , Barros Paula R. , Bolsoni Juliana , Rodrigues Daniel , Akamine Eliana H. , Tostes Rita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe glycosylation with O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an enzymatic process found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Augmented levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins have been associated to cardiovascular disease (CD) in male. However, the association of O-GlcNAc and CD in females it’s not understood. Increased risk of CD in women is linked to menopause and occurs about 10 years later than in men. We tested the hypothesis that aging in females promotes vascular dysfunction, which is aggravated by augmented O-GlcNAc. We used 8-month-old female senescence-mice (SAMP8) and control (SAMR1). After euthanasia, the carotid artery (CA) was carefully removed and cleaned. The segments of CA were incubated for 24h in DMEM containing vehicle/or/Thiamet G (10−6 M), a potent inhibitor of the O-GlcNAcase. Vessels from both groups were carefully mounted as ring preparations in standard organ chambers. Concentration-response curves to U46619 and phenylephrine (PE) (10−10 to 10−4M) were performed in vessels with endothelium in the presence or not of a COX inhibitor. Results are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6. Statistical analysis: ANOVA One-way, followed Bonferroni. p < 0.05. CA of SAMP8 (Rmax127 ± 10) exhibited increased PE-induced vasoconstriction, compared to SAMR1 (Rmax77 ± 5), which was abolished in the presence of the COX inhibitor. mRNA expression of COX-1/COX-2 was similar in both groups, but the eNOS decreased in CA of SAMP8. O-GlcNAcylation increased vasoconstriction in SAMP8 but not in SAMR1 female mice, indicating an important correlation between O-GlcNAcylation and aging process. Conclusion: the senescence is associated with vascular dysfunction mediated by abnormal activity of COX and eNOs, which is aggravated by augmented O-GlcNAcylation. FAPESP (2017/25116-2).
P13 Role of Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Ferreira Joana , Cunha Pedro , Carneiro Alexandre , Cunha Cristina , Silva Cristina , Vila Isabel , Mesquita Amílcar , Cotter Jorge 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis. Adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) are endocrine organs with vascular effects. The objective is to compare the quantity and function of AT and SM between two groups: intermittent claudication (IC) and critical limb ischemia (CLI).

Methods
A prospective observational study is being performed. A transverse CT image at lower border the third lumbar vertebra was used to quantify the SM, visceral and subcutaneous AT. The SM function was inferred with the determination of hand strength using a Jamar® hydraulic hand dynamometer.

Results
From December 2018 to May 2019, 44 PAD were studied: 31 with IC (24 male; age: 67 10, 29 years) and 13 CLI (7 male; age: 70, 62 6, 74 years). CLI have a lower quantity of subcutaneous AT and higher quantity of visceral and total AT, determined on the CT scan (subcutaneous AT: 16564,75 7600,00 cm2 IC versus 16067,42 10187,33 cm2 CLI p = 0.03; visceral AT: 17212,20 10096, 30 cm2 IC versus 18904,85 10189,04 cm2 CLI p = 0,03; Total AT: 33222,08 15459,33 cm2 IC versus 57320,00 52538,78 cm2 CLI p = 0.03). CLI had lower SM strength and density (muscle strength right hand: 22,62 8,20 Kgf IC versus 16,38 7,84 Kgf CLI p = 0,02; SM strength left hand: 21,98 8,98 Kgf IC versus 16,37 8,35 Kgf CLI p = 0,04; SM density: 20,44 11,73 HU IC versus 9,04 28,47 HU CLI p = 0,01) No differences were found in the SM quantity (15120,87 3199,35 cm2 IC versus 15322,57 5315,31 cm2 CLI p = 0.44).

Conclusion
CLI have a higher quantity of visceral, total AT and lower quantity of subcutaneous AT, SM function and density.
P15 Reference Intervals of 24-hour Central Blood Pressure Assessed with an Oscillometric Device in Healthy Children and Adolescents
Authors: Posokhov Igor , Sharykin Alexandr , Trunina Inna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReference intervals (RI) of 24-h central blood pressure (24CBP) obtained from large healthy population are lacking in Russia. We had to generated 24CBP percentile curves and RI adjusted to each level of age and/or body height and gender of each time of monitoring (24-h, daytime or nighttime). Our database consisted of ABPM files received by the BPLab device (Petr Telegin, Russia). First, we selected ABPM files that corresponded to the normal ambulatory BP according to 2016 European guidelines [1] from our database. Second, we have excluded files that indicate antihypertensive treatment, elevated BMI and any disease in extended BPLab-diary. Third, age specific percentiles curves were generated with LMS Chartmaker Pro (UK). RI of 24CBP (n = 1085) are shown in Figure 1 (image 1). Day-time values of the CBP were higher than those obtained by other oscillometric devices in office conditions [2,3]. This can be explained by the known fact of higher values of BP in ABPM compared with office measurements in the children and adolescents.
Conclusion
We have obtained RI of 24CBP for youth that can be used in routine practice.
P17 Comparisons of Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Obtained from the Surface-distance Measurement and from the Population-derived Distance Formula: Associations with Macro- and Microvascular Alterations in Older Adults
Authors: Aizawa Kunihiko , Casanova Francesco , Mawson Dave , Gooding Kim , Elyas Salim , Adingupu Damilola , Strain David , Gates Phillip , Shore Angela 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Inaccurate determination of arterial path-length by surface-distance (SD) measurement is an inherent source of error in calculating carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV). A recent development in calculating arterial path-length by a simple distance formula (DF) for CFPWV has been shown to not only remove intercentre measurement variability but also strengthen the association between CFPWV and traditional cardiovascular risk factors [1]. We determined whether the association of macro- and microvascular alterations with CFPWV derived from the distance formula (CFPWV-DF) would be stronger than that with CFPWV derived from the surface-distance measurement (CFPWV-SD).

Methods
CFPWV-DF and CFPWV-SD were obtained from 489 older adults (67.2 ± 8.8 yrs, 154 F, 244 CVD). Macrovascular [carotid lumen diameter (LD), carotid inter-adventitial diameter (IAD), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), carotid total plaque area, and ankle-brachial pressure index] and microvascular [reactive hyperaemia index and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR)] parameters were also obtained.

Results
CFPWV-DF was significantly lower than CFPWV-SD (9.27 ± 2.38 vs 9.88 ± 2.55 m/s, p < 0.001), which resulted from a longer arterial path-length estimated by SD than DF (495.4 ± 44.8 vs 465.3 ± 20.6 mm, p < 0.001). The significant associations observed between CFPWV-SD and LD (r = 0.264), IAD (r = 0.303), and IMT (r = 0.165) were similarly observed between CFPWV-DF and LD (r = 0.253), IAD (r = 0.303), and IMT (r = 0.183, all p < 0.001). This was also the case with UACR (r = 0.163 and r = 0.141, both p = 0.001). Other parameters did not show any association in either CFPWV.

Conclusion
The association of macro- and microvascular alterations with CFPWV-DF was not stronger than that with CFPWV-SD, suggesting that arterial path-length determination methods may not influence interactions between vascular biomarkers and CFPWV.
P20 Spontaneous Recanalization of the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Varnai Blanka , Simonyi Gábor , Rapcsányi Andrea , Finta Ervin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) frequently leads to stroke and develops most commonly as a consequence of arterial embolism or atherosclerotic thrombosis. Following acute care, if the patient’s general condition makes it possible, the patient is emitted from the hospital or, if necessary, his treatment continues in the rehabilitation department. The occlusion is generally considered irreversible. According to recent literature, spontaneous recanalization of the ICA may occur occasionally, calling for regular duplex ultrasonographic (sometimes CT angiographic) control examinations.

Methods
Authors report a case of a 67-year-old man, who suffered a right ICA occlusion and subsequent ichaemic stroke. CT angiography and Doppler ultrasound were used regularly to follow the patient’s condition for 3 years later on.

Results
One year after the full occlusion of the right ICA, a spontaneous recanalization of the occlusion was observed with a 90% stenosis. In spite of the aggressive and continuous pharmacological treatment of the patient, a partial restenosis (95%) was detected a year later, after which a successful endarterectomy was performed with permanent result.

Conclusion
The recognition and appropriate treatment of the spontaneous recanalization of the carotid artery determines the patient’s long term health condition. Prospective studies are necessary to detect the frequency of occurrence of the recanalization and the relation between the therapeutic methods and the following life expectancies.
P21 The Association of Vitamin K Antagonists with Aortic Arch Calcification in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients
Authors: Gkini Konstantia-Paraskevi , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Rigatou Aggeliki , Gardikioti Vasiliki , Sigala Evangelia , Tousoulis Dimitrios 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose/Background/Objectives
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) aggravate vascular calcifications burden, especially in haemodialysis patients potentially compounding their cardiovascular risk. We sought to investigate the relationship between VKA intake and aortic arch calcification (AAC) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods
Two hundred patients admitted with ACS were included in the study (mean age 66 ± 15 years). The extent of aortic arch calcification (AAC) on a postero-anterior plain chest X-ray was divided into four grades (0 to 3). Grades 0 to 1 and grades 2 to 3 were categorized as lower and higher AAC grade respectively. Anticoagulants were categorized to VKA and to non-VKA anticoagulants including new oral anticoagulants and low-molecular weight heparin.

Results
Twenty-eight (14%) patients at admission were on anticoagulants. Seventeen patients (8.5%) were treated with VKA and 12 patients (6%) with non-VKA anticoagulants. Higher ACC grade was observed in patients treated with VKA after adjustment for age, gender and chronic kidney disease. (Odds ratio [OR] = 3.64, 95% Confidence intervals [CI]: 1.08 to 12.20, p = 0.037). Interestingly, there was a non-statistically significant trend for reduced risk of higher AAC grade in patients treated with non-VKA anticoagulants (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.04 to 1.47, p = 0.12). Age and history of chronic kidney disease were the most potent predictors of higher AAC grade (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.10, p < 0.001 and OR = 6.07, 95% CI: 2.35 to 15.67, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
Our study shows intake of VKA is associated with higher risk of AAC in ACS patients, while non-VKA anticoagulants might be associated lower AAC grade.
P23 Tadalafil Improves Hemodynamic Parameters and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Grade I–II Obesity Without Comorbidities
Authors: Larios-Cardenas Mariana , Grover-Páez Fernando , Cardona-Muller David , Cardona Ernesto , Gonzalez-Radillo Oscar I. , Trujillo-Quiros Jonathan , Barocio-Pantoja Marycruz , Quezada-Fernandez Patricia , Ramos-Becerra Carlos G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a global health problem, it is associated with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases [1] and negative hemodynamic effects have been observed [2]. Tadalafil has shown an improvement in endothelial function [3] the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate its effects on hemodynamic parameters in patients with grade I–II obesity.

Objective
To evaluate the acute effect of tadalafil on hemodynamic and arterial stiffness parameters.

Methods
A double blind clinical trial, randomized, was carried out in patients with grade I–II obesity. Seventy patients were allocated to receive placebo or a single dose of 20 mg of tadalafil; hemodynamic (Omron HEM 9000, UNEXEF) and arterial stiffness (Omrom VP1000) parameters were determined before and 24 hours after intervention. The values are expressed in mean ± SD. Wilcoxon rank test and U de Mann-Whitney were applied. p < 0.05 was considerated as statistically significant.

Results
Both groups were comparable in the baseline. After the intervention a statistically significant changes were shown in the tadalafil group in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP), (.001); second systolic shoulder 2 (SYS2), (.003); augmentation index (Aix), (.049); and braquial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BAPWV), (.005). After that, changes between groups were analyzed and only DBP (−2.39, p = .017) and BAPWV (p = .028) were statistically significant. No changes were observed in flow mediated dilatation (FMD).

Conclusion
Tadalafil modifies DBP and BAPWV but it had not effect on FMD in the acute administration.
P25 Effect of Live-firefighting on Ventricular-vascular Coupling
Authors: Hibner Brooks , Schroeder Elizabeth , Lefferts Wesley , Hilgenkamp Thessa , Yan Huimin , Horn Gavin , Smith Denise , Fernhall Bo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death among firefighters, with the greatest risk occurring during or shortly after fire suppression activity. Increased cardiovascular risk potentially manifests from detrimental changes in ventricular function, vascular load, and their interaction described as ventricular-vascular coupling (VVC). Therefore, our objective was to determine the effect of live-firefighting on ventricular systolic function, vascular load, and VVC.

Methods
Forty male (27 ± 6 years, 26.9 ± 4.0 kg·m−2) firefighters completed hemodynamic and cardiac measures before and 10–30 minutes after 3 hours of live-firefighting. Left ventricular function assessed as ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and ventricular elastance (Elv: ESP/end-systolic volume [ESV]) via echocardiography and brachial-estimated ESP. Vascular load assessed as arterial elastance (Ea: end systolic pressure [ESP]/stroke volume [SV]). VVC quantified as the ratio of Ea to Elv and indexed to body surface area (EaI, ElvI).

Results
Following firefighting, both EF and FS significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with no change in Elv (p = 0.49) EaI significantly increased (p < 0.01), driven by EDV-mediated decreases in SV (p < 0.05) and unaltered ESP (p = 0.99). These disparate changes resulted in an increase in VVC (p < 0.01) post firefighting.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest firefighting does not alter ventricular elastance but increases arterial load among healthy firefighters; resulting in an uncoupling of the heart and vascular systems. This undesirable increase in VVC and concomitant reduction in ventricular systolic function may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk following firefighting.

Changes in cardiovascular parameters pre/post firefighting activity

Pre
Post
p

Weight* (kg)
88.9 ± 14.0
88.0 ± 14.0
<0.001

SBP (mmHg)
135 ± 16
135 ± 16
0.992

DBP (mmHg)
80 ± 8
80 ± 10
0.868

MAP (mmHg)
98 ± 7
98 ± 10
0.868

HR (bpm)
70 ± 11
90 ± 13
<0.001

SV (ml)
84.7 ± 20.1
71.1 ± 21.8
<0.001

EDV (ml)
144.1 ± 37.0
132.3 ± 37.9
0.003

ESV* (ml)
59.3 ± 24.6
61.2 ± 24.5
0.506

ESP (mmHg/ml)
121.3 ± 8.0
121.3 ± 14.2
0.992

EF (%)
59.7 ± 9.2
54.3 ± 9.4
0.004

FS (%)
32.6 ± 6.3
28.6 ± 6.0
0.002

EaI*
0.73 ± 0.46
1.89 ± 0.67
0.001

ElvI*
1.15 ± 0.53
1.12 ± 0.58
0.487

VVC*
0.72 ± 0.30
0.91 ± 0.48
0.002

*p-value obtained from transformed variable. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; SV, stroke volume; EDV, end diastolic volume; ESV, end systolic volume; ESP, end systolic pressure; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; EaI, arterial elastance indexed to body surface area; ElvI, ventricular elastance indexed to body surface area; VVC, ventricular-vascular coupling.
P26 Ascending Aorta Longitudinal Strain is not Altered in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients
Authors: Guala Andrea , Dux-Santoy Lydia , Teixido-Tura Gisela , Ruiz-Muñoz Aroa , Madrenas Laura , Gandara Minerva , Sao-Aviles Augusto , Valente Filipa , Galian-Gay Laura , Gutierrez Laura , Gonzalez-Alujas Teresa , Ferreira Ignacio , Evangelista Arturo , Rodriguez-Palomares Jose 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Impaired ascending aorta (AAo) longitudinal strain, a marker of AAo deformation due to aorto-ventricular mechanical interaction, is related to progressive dilation and aortic events in Marfan syndrome [1]. Whether the high prevalence of dilation in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is due to intrinsically-altered aortic wall properties [2] or hemodynamic [3] is widely-discussed [4]. Whether AAo longitudinal strain is altered in BAV patients has never been assessed.

Methods
One-hundred five BAV patients, 47 patients with AAo dilation and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and 31 healthy volunteers, free from previous cardiac/aortic surgery, dissection and moderate/severe valvular disease had cine MR images to compute AAo longitudinal strain [1].

Results
Compared to healthy volunteers, the 25 non-dilated (z-score < 2) BAV patients were older (p < 0.001), had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP, p = 0.001), clinically-meaningless (BAV z-score = 0.74 ± 1.1) larger AAo diameter (p < 0.001) and similar diastolic blood pressure (DBP), BSA, stroke volume and heart rate. AAo longitudinal strain was lower in non-dilated BAV compared to healthy volunteers (13.7 vs 10.3%, p = 0.008) but this difference was not significant after correction for age. Compared to dilated TAV, dilated BAV patients were younger (p < 0.001), had lower BSA (p = 0.010) and AAo diameter (p = 0.003), higher DBP (p = 0.032) and similar SBP, stroke volume and heart rate. AAo longitudinal strain was higher in dilated BAV compared to dilated TAV (10 vs 7.2%, p < 0.001) but this difference was not significant after correction for age, BSA and DBP.

Conclusion
AAo longitudinal strain is similar in BAV and TAV matched for aortic dilation.
P31 Aldosterone and Cardiovascular Function in a Young Cohort: The African-PREDICT Study
Authors: Van Rooyen Johannes , Gafane-Matemane Lebo , Huisman Hugo , Mels Carina , Schutte Alta 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
High levels of aldosterone may contribute to early development of hypertension. The aim was to evaluate the influence of high serum aldosterone on cardiovascular function in healthy black and white South Africans.

Methods
This study was embedded in the African-PREDICT study, included 233 black and 217 white participants aged 20–30 years. Cardiovascular-and biochemical variables were measured with known methods.

Results
The ABPM night DBP is significantly higher in the black high aldosterone participants (58 vs 60 mmHg). The ABPM day SBP is significantly lower (125 vs 122 mmHg) in the white participants. The SV in the white participants is significantly lower (95 vs 90 ml) compared to the low aldosterone group. The vascular compliance is also significantly lower (2.4 vs 2.5 ml/mmHg) in the white participants. The angiotensin II are significantly higher in the black (47.6 vs 87.5 pmol/l) and white (85.6 vs 145.2 pmol/l) high aldosterone groups. NT-proBNP (36.4 vs 24.8 pmol/l) is significantly lower in the black high aldosterone group. Partial correlations in the black high aldosterone group revealed positive associations with vascular compliance (r = 0.22; p = 0.004), angiotensin II (r = 0.49; p = <0.001) as well as with CRP (r = 0.16; p = 0.031) and in the whites with angiotensin II (r = 0.27; p = <0.001) and CRP (r = 0.15; p = 0.041). Regression analysis revealed that the angiotensin II contributes to aldosterone in the blacks and ROS only in whites.

Conclusion
The lower NT-proBNP in the blacks has a stabilizing role against volume overload while in the white participants ROS may contribute to early vascular changes.