bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tannin characteristic from Hevea brasiliensis and Durio zibethinus with pressure and hot water extraction
Authors: Sujarnoko T U P , Jayanegara A , Ridwan R , Nahrowi  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was selected the best bark, temperature and pressure for extraction phenol and tannin with hot water solvent. The extract was characterised into condensed tannin and hydrolysable tannin with spectrophotometer. Tannin are plant secondary compound that influence feed metabolisme in the rumen and pasca-rumen organ. Tannin have ability to bounding feed protein and other nutrient. Tannin classified into condensed and hydrolysable tannin, condensed tannin is a bypass agent to decrease deamination and other nutrient degradation in the rumen organ, furthermore hydrolysable tannin may divide as phenol and sugar group in the rumen. Phenol group form HT may become antioxidant in the blood and influence rumen ecology. The result for this study is Hevea brasiliensis has phenol and tannin content more than Durio zibethinus with P<0.01 if using hot water extraction. Temperature significantly influence concentration of phenol and tannin content, at 120 °C phenol and tannin extract more than 70 °C with P< 0.01. Phenol extract significantly effected by pressure, 1 bar get phenol and tannin more than 2 bar with P<0.01. Treatment in this study have interaction, so generally concluded that to get phenol and tannin extract the highest used Hevea brasiliensis with temperature 120 °C and pressure 1 bar.
The shelf life of yogurt starter and its derivatives based on the microbiological, physical and sensory aspects
Authors: Priadi G , Setiyoningrum F , Afiati F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Yogurt quality is affected by the yogurt starter. The aim of this study was to determine the shelf life of yogurt starter and its derivatives based on microbiological and physical and sensory aspects. Yogurt starter is made from commercial dry culture, then lowered to 4th derivative, and stored in the refrigerator for up to 25 days. The result showed that there was stability in the viability of total microorganisms and mold in yogurt starter and its derivatives. The viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) decreased from F1 to F4. Decreasing pH and little whey formation occurred during the storage. The yogurt quality made from the starter and its derivatives was acceptable. The shelf life of F1, F2, and F3 starter is 25 days, while F4 is 20 days.
The effects of turmeric extract addition on physical and sensory characteristic of arenga-arrowroot starch noodle
Authors: Herawati E R N , Ariani D , Miftakhussolikhah M , Ningrum V A , Pranoto Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Arenga-arrowroot starch noodle is an alternative carbohydrate source made from 75% arenga starch and 25% arrowroot flour. This starch noodle has a bright brown-opaque color character which needs the addition of coloring agents to improve its physical appearance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of turmeric extract addition on physical and sensory characteristic of the arenga-arrowroot starch noodle. Five variations of concentrations were given to turmeric extract, there are 3%; 6%; 9%; 12%; and 15% w/w. Physical properties which have been analyzed were starch noodle’s color, compression strength, tensile strength, and elongation. Sensory properties which have been analyzed were hedonic scoring for color, odor, taste, overall acceptance and descriptive test for taste parameter. The results showed that addition of turmeric extract give an impact on physical and sensory characteristic of arenga starch – arrowroot flour noodle. Addition of turmeric extract cause the decrease of noodle color brightness. The addition of turmeric extract decreased the compression test, elongation and tensile strength of arenga starch-arrowroot flour noodle. Turmeric extract addition increased the yellow color. In sensory analysis, addition of turmeric extract in small quantities (3%, 6%) has no significant different compared to noodle control based on overall acceptance.
The effect of encapsulated Pediococcus lolii L2 on its cell viability and α-glucosidase inhibition activity
Authors: Nurhayati R , Miftakhussolikhah  , Oktavianingrum D A , Pratiwi R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of α-glycosidic bound in carbohydrates, cause increasing of blood sugar level. Hyperglycemia conditions can bring an adverse impact on people with diabetes mellitus. One therapy to control blood sugar levels is to suppress the activity of α- glucosidase activity. Pediococcus lolii L2 is a potential probiotic that produce an α-glucosidase inhibitor. We need to maintain the viability and functionality of probiotics when applying to food industries. One of the methods for protecting the cell viability of bacteria and the inhibition activity is microencapsulation using spray dry. This research aimed to know the viability and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of Pediococcus lolii L2 after spray dry. We used maltodextrin, arabic gum, sodium alginates (SA), SA + maltodextrin, and SA + arabic gum as a carrier for probiotics for our reseach. The result showed that microencapsulated bacteria have higher viability with >85% of encapsulation efficiency. Likewise the ability of α-glucosidase inhibition. There is no significant difference of five materials used to encapsulate the cell with the inhibition activity.
Change of solvent proportion effect on pilot plan scale extraction of alginate from Sargassum sp.
Authors: Kusumawati R , Basmal J , Utomo B S B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Alginate extraction from Sargassum sp. pilot plant scale has been done. The extraction technique used refers to the modification of laboratory scale extraction techniques using acidic methods. On a scale of 1 kg of raw material, modification of the extraction technique was carried out on the proportion of bleaching material, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), which was originally 4% (v/v) to 2% (v/v). On a scale of 3 kg of raw material, modifications are made to the volume of water for extraction, which was originally 30 times the weight of the raw material to 20 times the weight of the raw material. On a scale of 10 kg of raw material, modifications are made to the ratio of water binder, iso propyl alcohol (IPA), which was originally 8 times the weight of the raw material to 3 times the weight of the raw material. The results of the study show that modification of the solvent carried out at each production scale causes an increase in yield (17.97, 19.79, and 22.67%) and a decrease in viscosity (128.43, 55.03, and 40.27 cPs).
Physical and mechanical properties of natural fiber from Sansevieria trifasciata and Agave sisalana
Authors: Widyasanti A , Napitupulu L O B , Thoriq A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sansevieria and sisal plants are ornamental plants that are very famous in Indonesia. Both are plants grow easily even though in the area with less water and sunlight. These plants have potential natural fibers that are used as raw material requirements for the fabric textile industry. The aims of this research were to determine physical and mechanical characteristics of sansevieria and sisal for fibers utilization. The mechanical decortication process was used for fiber extraction. The research method used was an experimental laboratory with a descriptive method. Parameters measured were length and diameter of fiber, color, fineness, moisture regain, tensile strength, and stretch strength. The results revealed that sansevieria and sisal fibers have diameter 103,60 μm and 182,50 μm; average length 68,40 cm and 81,60 cm; brightness level (L*) 67,62 and 66,42; yellowness (b*) 20,42 dan 23,80; fineness 6,30 tex and 19,70 tex; moisture regain 11,93 and 12,57 tensile strength per bundle 24,891.60 gf and 35,263.90 gf; stretch strength per bundle 20% and 22,90%. The physical and mechanical characterization showed that sisal fiber had better characteristics than sansevieria fiber. Fibers from these two plants have potential textile material characteristics, which are used as a needle.
Adsorption of basic dye methylene blue by brown algae Sargassum duplicatum
Authors: Pratiwi D , Poeloengasih C D , Suryani R , Rizqi N C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The ability of raw and dried Sargassum duplicatum to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was evaluated. Brown algae. S. duplicatum before and after MB adsorption was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Batch experiments were conducted to examine the effects of parameters such as initial pH, biomass dosage, contact time, and initial dye concentration on MB Adsorption. The optimum adsorption was found at around pH 5, adsorbent dosage 1 g/L, and initial concentration of MB at 20 mg/L. Adsorption occurs very fast in first 5 min and reaches the equilibrium at 70 min. The maximum percentage of dye removal was 88,9%. This study suggests that S. duplicatum has good potential capacity to remove MB dye and could offer promising opportunity as a low-cost biosorbent.
A simple method for analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae morphology by applying a high vacuum mode of the scanning electron microscopy and without chemical fixatives
Authors: Karimy M F , Damayanti E , Suryani A E , Prasetyo E , Nurhayati R , Anwar M , Anggraeni A S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA simple method for the preparation of a specimen for observingSaccharomyces cerevisiaeB-18 by using a high vacuum mode setting of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The method without chemical fixatives (F0) was very simple, the culture was directly taken from Chloramphenicol Yeast Glucose Agar (CYGA) by using a loop needle and coated with a film of gold (Au) without using any chemical fixative and only air dehydrating procedures. The method with chemical fixatives (F1) like osmium tetroxide (OsO4), is highly toxic and corrosive. The methods also take much time for the preparation of samples before observation. The morphology ofS. cerevisiaeB-18 was observed of two magnifications, 5K and 10 K and over a range of time setting of ion sputter and one current that is ten mA. The treatments of ion sputter current exposure in this study were ten mA for 10 (T10), 20 (T20), 30 (T30), 40 (T40), 50 (T50), and 60 (T60) seconds. This preparation procedure could be most useful forS. cerevisiaemorphological screening of rapidly and safely than using chemical fixatives before using adequate preparation procedure with chemical fixatives and could substitute light microscopy method with better magnification. The best result is the ion sputter setting ten mA for 60 seconds (T60) without any charging phenomenon disturbances. We have suggestions for F0; the first is the maximum duration of the sample that had air-dried is about three hours because more than its period, the resolution would be not proper. The optimum period for observation in the chamber in the high vacuum condition is about two hours and the second to developing methods so that representation for cell diameter measurements can be even better than this study.
Cellulose extraction from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre by alkaline and peroxide treatments
Authors: Fitriana N E , Suwanto A , Jatmiko T H , Mursiti S , Prasetyo D J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cellulose is a versatile polymer which can be extracted from various agricultural waste. Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre (SPF) is one of potential cellulose source. The cellulose extraction from SPF was conducted by alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (10%) and peroxide treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution (5, 10, 15%). The alkaline treatment was supposed to remove most of hemicellulose and some of lignin. The following peroxide treatment aimed to remove remaining lignin. The results of each step were analyzed its composition, visual appearances, colour and morphological aspect. The results showed that increasing of H2O2 solution concentration not only tends to increase cellulose content and whiteness but also reduce the diameter size of fibre which indicates the removal of impurities (hemicellulose and lignin) from the fibre. In conclusion, cellulose was successfully extracted from SPF by alkaline treatment followed by peroxide treatments which the best result was in condition of 15% H2O2 solution concentration.
Alkaline pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse on pilot scale reactor
Authors: Rizal W A , Maryana R , Prasetyo D J , Suwanto A , Wahono S K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is one of the potential raw materials for producing bioethanol based on lignocellulosic biomass.The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of lignocellulose over the duration of the pretreatment delignification process.The delignification of pilot scale in the form of a reactor batch has a volume capacity of 147 L with a working volume capacity of 120 L. Sugarcane bagasse used in this process was 3 kg per batch with a size of 50 mesh. The pretreatment method was carried out chemically using NaOH at a concentration of 1 N, a working temperature of 120°C with a pressure of 2 bar and the variation of the delignification time was 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 hours.The highest cellulose content from this study was found at delignification time of 1.5 hours which was 77.26%, greater than the sugarcane bagasse without pretreatment, with a cellulose content of 43.48%. At reaction time of 2 to 3.5 hours, the results showed a decrease in cellulose content with an average gain of 74.63%.Thus increasing the time in the chemical delignification pretreatment process did not affect the increase in cellulose percentage acquisition.
Architecture of residential wooden houses in the cities of Samara province in the second half of the XIX - Early XX centuries
Authors: Sysoeva E A , Samogorov V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the features of wooden and stone-wooden buildings of county towns and large trading villages of the Samara province of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The prerequisites and main factors for the development of wooden architecture in the Samara province are presented. A brief description of the planning features of settlements is given. Common features and distinctive features of wooden architecture are identified. Residential buildings, style solutions used in the design of facades, decorative elements, as well as design features of wooden and stone-wooden buildings are considered.
Analytic method of structural analysis of modular buildings
Authors: Shirokov V S , Gordeeva T E , Bocharov A Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper presents an analytical method of modular buildings calculation. It focuses upon basic design assumptions that are accepted for modular buildings calculation. The authors introduce their classification of loads and impacts, which are basic for modular buildings. They also describe a method of determining inertial forces from seismic action designed on the basis of a cantilever analytical model. Analytical and numerical methods for determining the forces in the elements of modular units are further compared. It is revealed that the analytical method strongly agrees with FEM (that is the finite elements method) with the error being 2-6%. The analytical method is sufficiently accurate for engineering calculations.
Macrophage checkpoint blockade: results from initial clinical trials, binding analyses, and CD47-SIRPα structure–function
Authors: Jalil AbdelAziz R , Andrechak Jason C , Discher Dennis E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe macrophage checkpoint is an anti-phagocytic interaction between signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on a macrophage and CD47 on all types of cells – ranging from blood cells to cancer cells. This interaction has emerged over the last decade as a potential co-target in cancer when combined with other anti-cancer agents, with antibodies against CD47 and SIRPα currently in preclinical and clinical development for a variety of hematological and solid malignancies. Monotherapy with CD47 blockade is ineffective in human clinical trials against many tumor types tested to date, except for rare cutaneous and peripheral lymphomas. In contrast, pre-clinical results show efficacy in multiple syngeneic mouse models of cancer, suggesting that many of these tumor models are more immunogenic and likely artificial compared to human tumors. However, combination therapies in humans of anti-CD47 with agents such as the anti-tumor antibody rituximab do show efficacy against liquid tumors (lymphoma) and are promising. Here, we review such trials as well as key interaction and structural features of CD47-SIRPα.
Serine protease inhibitor disrupts sperm motility leading to reduced fertility in female mice†
Authors: Barton Brooke E , Rock Jenna K , Willie Anna M , Harris Emily A , Finnerty Ryan M , Herrera Gerardo G , Anamthathmakula Prashanth , Winuthayanon Wipawee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInhibition of the sperm transport process in the female reproductive tract could lead to infertility. We previously showed that a pan-serine protease inhibitor, 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), blocked semen liquefaction in vivo and resulted in a drastic decrease in the number of sperm in the oviduct of female mice. In this study, we used a mouse model to test the efficacy of AEBSF as a reversible contraceptive, a sperm motility inhibitor, and a spermicide. Additionally, this study evaluated the toxicity of AEBSF on mouse vaginal tissues in vivo and human endocervical cells in vitro. We found that female mice treated with AEBSF had significantly less pups born per litter as well as fertilization rates in vivo compared to the vehicle control. We then showed that AEBSF reduced sperm motility and fertilization capability in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AEBSF also exhibited spermicidal effects. Lastly, AEBSF treatment in female mice for 10 min or 3 consecutive days did not alter vaginal cell viability in vivo, similar to that of the vehicle and non-treated controls. However, AEBSF decreased cell viability of human ectocervical (ECT) cell line in vitro, suggesting that cells in the lower reproductive tract in mice and humans responded differently to AEBSF. In summary, our study showed that AEBSF can be used as a prototype compound for the further development of novel non-hormonal contraceptives for women by targeting sperm transport in the female reproductive tract.
Testing hypotheses of hybrid origins for two seashore species ofCarexsectionPhacocystis(Cyperaceae)
Authors: Nowak Michael D , Pedersen A Tiril M , Brysting Anne K , Schrøder-Nielsen Audun , Elven Reidar , Bjorå Charlotte S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTaxonomists have proposed numerous hybrid species in plants, but to gain a better understanding of the role that hybridization may play in plant diversification, such taxonomic hypotheses must be tested using genomic data. In this study, we employ ddRAD sequence data to test taxonomic hypotheses of hybrid origins in Carex salina and C. ramenskii (Carex section Phacocystis). Sequence data from multiple Norwegian and Icelandic populations of the putative hybrid and parental species were generated for hundreds of ddRAD loci. These data were used to estimate geographical structuring of genetic diversity and admixture and to explicitly test for hybrid origins using several analytical approaches. Our results indicate recurrent hybrid origins for the populations of C. salina and C. ramenskii sampled in our study and show that these populations are characterized by high interspecific heterozygosity. Our results support the idea that hybridization may indeed play an important role in the diversification of lineages of Carex and highlight the important role that clonal propagation might play in maintaining hybrid populations. Future studies focusing on a broader geographical sampling would be needed to assess if the genetic structuring in these Nordic populations reflects range-wide patterns in these hybrid lineages.
Downregulated Gene Expression Spectrum and Immune Responses Changed During the Disease Progression in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Ouyang Yabo , Yin Jiming , Wang Wenjing , Shi Hongbo , Shi Ying , Xu Bin , Qiao Luxin , Feng Yingmei , Pang Lijun , Wei Feili , Guo Xianghua , Jin Ronghua , Chen Dexi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization characterizes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as a pandemic. Here, we investigated the clinical, cytokine levels; T-cell proportion; and related gene expression occurring in patients with COVID-19 on admission and after initial treatment.

Methods
Eleven patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with similar initial treatment regimens were enrolled in the hospital. Plasma cytokine, peripheral T cell proportions, and microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses for gene expression were conducted.

Results
Five patients with mild and 6 with severe disease were included. Cough and fever were the primary symptoms in the 11 COVID-19 cases. Older age, higher neutrophil count, and higher C-reactive protein levels were found in severe cases. IL-10 level significantly varied with disease progression and treatment. Decreased T-cell proportions were observed in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe cases, and all were returned to normal in patients with mild disease after initial treatment, but only CD4+ T cells returned to normal in severe cases. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased with the disease progression, and decreased after initial treatment. All downregulated DEGs in severe cases mainly involved Th17-cell differentiation, cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, and T-cell activation. After initial treatment in severe cases, MAP2K7 and SOS1 were upregulated relative to that on admission.

Conclusions
Our findings show that a decreased T-cell proportion with downregulated gene expression related to T-cell activation and differentiation occurred in patients with severe COVID-19, which may help to provide effective treatment strategies for COVID-19.
Clofazimine, a Promising Drug for the Treatment of Babesia microti Infection in Severely Immunocompromised Hosts
Authors: Tuvshintulga Bumduuren , Vannier Edouard , Tayebwa Dickson S , Gantuya Sambuu , Sivakumar Thillaiampalam , Guswanto Azirwan , Krause Peter J , Yokoyama Naoaki , Igarashi Ikuo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Persistent and relapsing babesiosis caused by Babesia microti often occurs in immunocompromised patients, and has been associated with resistance to antimicrobial agents such as atovaquone. Given the rising incidence of babesiosis in the United States, novel drugs are urgently needed. In the current study, we tested whether clofazimine (CFZ), an antibiotic used to treat leprosy and drug-resistant tuberculosis, is effective against B. microti.

Methods
Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency were infected with 107B. microti–infected erythrocytes. Parasites were detected by means of microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears or nested polymerase chain reaction. CFZ was administered orally.

Results
Uninterrupted monotherapy with CFZ curtailed the rise of parasitemia and achieved radical cure. B. microti parasites and B. microti DNA were cleared by days 10 and 50 of therapy, respectively. A 7-day administration of CFZ delayed the rise of parasitemia by 22 days. This rise was caused by B. microti isolates that did not carry mutations in the cytochrome b gene. Accordingly, a 14-day administration of CFZ was sufficient to resolve high-grade parasitemia caused by atovaquone-resistant B. microti parasites.

Conclusions
Clofazimine is effective against B. microti infection in the immunocompromised host. Additional preclinical studies are required to identify the minimal dose and dosage of CFZ for babesiosis.