bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in disease
Authors: Xue Jiaming , Suarez Joelle S. , Minaai Michael , Li Shuangjing , Gaudino Giovanni , Pass Harvey I. , Carbone Michele , Yang Haining 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was initially recognized as a ubiquitous nuclear protein involved in maintaining the nucleosome integrity and facilitating gene transcription. HMGB1 has since been reevaluated to be a prototypical damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein, and together with its exogenous counterpart, pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP), completes the body's alarmin system against disturbances in homeostasis. HMGB1 can be released into the extracellular matrix (ECM) by either granulocytes or necrotic cells to serve as a chemotaxis/cytokine during infection, endotoxemia, hypoxia, ischemia–reperfusion events, and cancer. Different isoforms of HMGB1 present with distinctive physiological functions in ECM—fully‐reduced HMGB1 (all thiol) acts as the initial damage signal to recruit circulating myeloid cells, disulfide HMGB1 behaves as a cytokine to activate macrophages and neutrophils, and both signals are turned off when HMGB1 is terminally oxidized into the final sulfonate form. Targeting HMGB1 constitutes a favorable therapeutic strategy for inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Antagonists such as ethyl pyruvate inhibit HMGB1 by interfering with its cytoplasmic exportation, while others such as glycyrrhizin directly bind to HMGB1 and render it unavailable for its receptors. The fact that a mixture of different HMGB1 isoforms is present in the ECM poses a challenge in pinpointing the exact role of an individual antagonist. A more discriminative probe for HMGB1 may be necessary to advance our knowledge of HMGB1, HMGB1 antagonists, and inflammatory‐related diseases.
Evaluation of length and location of the maxillary sinus intraosseous artery using computerized tomography
Authors: Tran Troy B. , Estrin Nathan E. , Saleh Muhammad H.A. , Yoon Thomas Y.H. , Tattan Mustafa , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe intraosseous artery is a branch of the posterior superior alveolar artery that supplies the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. The present study seeks to analyze the location of the intraosseous artery and its site of termination.MethodsCone beam computed tomography was used to evaluate 200 patients making up 400 maxillary sinuses. The following criteria were measured: (1) the distance of the lower border of the intraosseous artery to the floor of the sinus, (2) the average length of the artery, (3) the diameter of the artery, (4) the site at which the artery terminates at, and (5) the distance of the artery from the first premolar, second premolar, first molar, second molar, and third molar.ResultsThe intraosseous artery was identified in 336 (84.0%) quadrants. The most common site of termination was at the mesial of the second molar (22%), regardless of dental status and right or left quadrant. Its overall mean diameter was 0.91 ± 0.56 mm, with no difference within the dental status. Its overall mean length was 7.40 ± 3.39 mm, with a statistically significant difference between dentate and edentulous quadrants (P < 0.001). Its overall mean distance from the floor was 6.95 ± 6.49 mm, with no difference within the dental status. All parameters showed no difference between right or left quadrants.ConclusionsThe chances of encountering the intraosseous artery at the premolar area is <21% during a lateral window sinus floor elevation. The most common (22%) site of termination of the intraosseous artery is at the mesial of the second molar. Understanding of the course, location, and termination of the artery enhances the precision of a clinician when it comes to pre‐operative treatment planning.
Age of Gimli beach of Lake Agassiz based on new OSL dating
Authors: Teller James T. , Owen Lewis A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTGimli beach in Manitoba is one of the lowest elevation beaches in the southern Lake Agassiz basin, and is a distinct ridge composed of bedded sand and gravel that rises above the lake plain and extends for more than 40 km. Ten new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from Gimli beach yield ages mostly ranging from 9.7 ± 0.7 to 10.5 ± 0.8 ka (average 10.3 ± 0.5 ka), which is older by 0.6 to >1.0 ka than age estimates of previous researchers. Two of our new OSL ages are notably older than the others, dating to ~11.3 ± 0.8 and 13.9 ± 1.0 ka, which we attribute to poorly bleached sands. We ascribe an age of about 10 ka to Gimli beach, which is several centuries before overflow from Lake Agassiz and its vast drainage basin shifted from the western Great Lakes to glacial Lake Ojibway and the St. Lawrence Valley.
Experimental and computational studies of the mechanism of base‐catalyzed ring opening of 2‐(chloromethyl)oxirane by benzoic acid
Authors: Bespalko Yuliia , Sinel'nikova Marina , Shved Elena , Bakhalova Evgeniia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing methods of chemical kinetics and quantum modeling, we investigated the mechanism by which base catalysts affect the regioselectivity of the ring opening of 2‐(chloromethyl)oxirane by benzoic acid. The model reaction was carried out using 2‐(chloromethyl)oxirane as both reagent and solvent at temperatures of 303‐333 K. Rate constants and activation parameters of the ring opening were determined for the overall reaction and for the formation of the isomeric “normal” and “abnormal” products. Density functional theory B3LYP/6‐31+G** was used to examine possible reaction pathways. A comparison of experimental measurements and theoretical calculations confirm that the rate‐limiting step is the attack of the benzoate anion on the C1 and C2 positions of 2‐(chloromethyl)oxirane. The present results indicate that the regioselectivity of the 2‐(chloromethyl)oxirane ring opening by benzoic acid depends on the ratio of A2 mechanisms, SN2 and “borderline” SN2 type. This suggests that weak nucleophilic base catalysts can increase the reaction regiospecificity by increasing the contribution of the SN2 pathway.
Parenteral Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Severe Respiratory Papillomatosis in an Adult Population
Authors: Tkaczuk Andrew , Trivedi Sumita , Mody Mayur D. , Steuer Conor E. , Shin Dong M. , Klein Adam M. , Saba Nabil F. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, potentially life‐threatening, disease that impacts the voice, breathing, and quality of life of patients. Frequent surgical interventions may be needed to control symptoms. We examined the safety and efficacy of utilizing parenteral bevacizumab in the management of severe RRP in adults.Study DesignThis is a retrospective review of clinical management approaches in a group of patients with severe RRP defined as having a high disease burden, frequent need for debridement, and/or tracheobronchial disease. Patients were initially treated with 15 mg/kg of bevacizumab at 3‐week intervals. Bevacizumab dosing and frequency was then individually titrated down.ResultsFourteen adults received a median of 8.5 (range 2–17) bevacizumab infusions over approximately 24 months. All had a history of laryngeal RRP with 6/14 having additional tracheobronchial lesions. Patients required a median of 4 (range 2–11) procedures in the year prior to treatment. Only 3/10 (30%) patients who continued therapy required any additional procedures. Bevacizumab administration was generally well tolerated, with four patients discontinuing therapy. Medical reasons included severe epistaxis and hypertension and thrombocytopenia in an individual with systemic lupus erythematosus. Common side effects included hypertension (grade 2), headache (grades 1–2), elevated creatinine (grades 1–2), and epistaxis (grade 3).ConclusionsIntravenous bevacizumab for the primary treatment of severe RRP in adults appears clinically effective and safe. Expected and typically mild side effects related to bevacizumab were observed. Continued investigation of bevacizumab through a prospective clinical trial is warranted.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 131:E921–E928, 2021
Electrochemical Immunosensor for Detection of CCR4 Cancer Biomarker in Human Serum: An Alternative Strategy for Modification of Disposable ITO Electrode
Authors: Aydın Elif Burcu , Aydın Muhammet , Sezgintürk Mustafa Kemal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, a new strategy for the fabrication of a sensitive immunosensor capable of determination of CC Chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in complex serum samples is developed through the polymer modification on the disposable indium tin oxide electrode. Anti‐CCR4 antibodies, which are utilized as sensing biomolecules, are covalently attached on the succinimide groups of polypyrrole polymer (PPyr‐CSsg). The constructed immunosensor illustrates promising performances for the quantification of CCR4 antigen, with a linear detection range of 0.024–12 pg mL−1 and a low detection limit of 7.3 fg mL−1, calculated at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. In addition, the impedimetric immunosensor displays a very successful analytical performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and long‐term stability as well as successful applicability for the accurate quantification of CCR4 in human serum samples. The constructed immunosensor is successfully used for quantification of CCR4 antigen in human serums. In addition, the immunosensor displays only 27.54% loss in its initial signal after nine weeks storage at 4 °C. Moreover, the fabricated immunosensor is economical, highly sensitive, and selective for CCR4 antigen detection, and suitable for potential application in clinical diagnosis.
A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Nanoclay on Gas Perm‐Selectivity of Biodegradable PLA/EVA Blends in the Presence and Absence of Compatibilizer
Authors: Karimpour‐Motlagh Navid , Moghadam Abolfazl Salehi , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Wagenknecht Udo , Kasbi Sina Farahani , Shojaei Shahrokh , Mirzaee Ramin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) (PLA)‐based compounds are widely used in thin‐film and food packaging industries. Herein, PLA/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/nanoclay nanocomposites are prepared in various compositions by melt blending. The gas permeability against N2, CO2, and O2 gases is determined as a function of composition and morphology of the nanocomposites. Inclusion of high aspect ratio of platelet‐like nanoclay to the blend reduces the gas diffusion. The best barrier properties against all gases is observed on introducing 5 wt% poly(ethylene/n‐butyl acrylate glycidyl methacrylate) copolymer as compatibilizer to the PLA/EVA/nanoclay (75/25/5) system. The scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering studies reveal that inclusion of compatibilizer to the filled‐blends improves the blend morphology, dispersion state, and intercalation level of clay platelets which are preferably localized at the interface of the blend. Analysis of selectivity parameter (α) shows the lowest O2 permeability and the highest αCO2/N2 and αO2/N2 values for the compatibilized filled‐blend (75/25/5/5). In situ aspect ratio of clay and the degree of intercalation are theoretically evaluated based on the permeability data using various empirical models. It is found that the compatibilized filled‐blend has the highest aspect ratio and intercalation level that are responsible for the optimum perm‐selectivity performance.
Shared Genetics of Multiple System Atrophy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Shadrin Alexey A. , Mucha Sören , Ellinghaus David , Makarious Mary B. , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Sreelatha Ashwin A.K. , Heras‐Garvin Antonio , Ding Jinhui , Hammer Monia , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Meissner Wassilios G. , Rascol Olivier , Pavy‐Le Traon Anne , Frei Oleksandr , O'Connell Kevin S. , Bahrami Shahram , Schreiber Stefan , Lieb Wolfgang , Müller‐Nurasyid Martina , Schminke Ulf , Homuth Georg , Schmidt Carsten O. , Nöthen Markus M. , Hoffmann Per , Gieger Christian , Wenning Gregor ,   for the European Multiple System Atrophy Study Group, Gibbs J. Raphael , Franke Andre , Hardy John , Stefanova Nadia , Gasser Thomas , Singleton Andrew , Houlden Henry , Scholz Sonja W. , Andreassen Ole A. , Sharma Manu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by intracellular accumulations of α‐synuclein and nerve cell loss in striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar structures. Epidemiological and clinical studies have reported potential involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in MSA pathogenesis. However, genetic etiology of this interaction remains unknown. We aimed to investigate genetic overlap between MSA and 7 autoimmune diseases and to identify shared genetic loci.MethodsGenome‐wide association study summary statistics of MSA and 7 autoimmune diseases were combined in cross‐trait conjunctional false discovery rate analysis to explore overlapping genetic background. Expression of selected candidate genes was compared in transgenic MSA mice and wild‐type mice. Genetic variability of candidate genes was further investigated using independent whole‐exome genotyping data from large cohorts of MSA and autoimmune disease patients and healthy controls.ResultsWe observed substantial polygenic overlap between MSA and inflammatory bowel disease and identified 3 shared genetic loci with leading variants upstream of the DENND1B and RSP04 genes, and in intron of the C7 gene. Further, the C7 gene showed significantly dysregulated expression in the degenerating midbrain of transgenic MSA mice compared with wild‐type mice and had elevated burden of protein‐coding variants in independent MSA and inflammatory bowel disease cohorts.ConclusionOur study provides evidence of shared genetic etiology between MSA and inflammatory bowel disease with an important role of the C7 gene in both phenotypes, with the implication of immune and gut dysfunction in MSA pathophysiology. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Chemical exchange sensitive MRI of glucose uptake using xylose as a contrast agent
Authors: Wang Jicheng , Fukuda Mitsuhiro , Chung Julius Juhyun , Wang Ping , Jin Tao 
Published: October 2020

PurposeGlucose and its analogs can be detected by CEST and chemical exchange spin‐lock (CESL) MRI techniques, but sensitivity is still a bottleneck for human applications. Here, CESL and CEST sensitivity and the effect of injection on baseline physiology were evaluated for a glucose analog, xylose.MethodsThe CEST and CESL sensitivity were evaluated at 9.4 T in phantoms and by in vivo rat experiments with 0.5 and 1 g/kg xylose injections. Arterial blood glucose level was sampled before and after 1 g/kg xylose injection. The effect of injection on baseline neuronal activity was measured by electrophysiology data during injections of saline, xylose, and 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose.ResultsIn phantoms, xylose shows similar chemical exchange sensitivity and pH‐dependence with that of glucose. In rat experiments with a bolus injection, CESL shows higher sensitivity in the detection of xylose than CEST, and the sensitivity of xylose is much higher than glucose. Injection of xylose does not significantly affect blood glucose level and baseline neural activity for 1‐g/kg and 0.6‐g/kg doses, respectively.ConclusionDue to its relatively high sensitivity and safety, xylose is a promising contrast agent for the study of glucose uptake.
The impact of pretransplant opioid exposure on healthcare utilization and costs in kidney transplant
Authors: Wise Bailey , Wilson Lytani Z. , Taber David J. , Pilch Nicole A. , Rohan Vinayak , Fleming James N. 
Published: October 2020

Study ObjectiveOpioid use has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Studies within kidney transplantation have also shown increased risk of mortality, graft loss, and complications in kidney transplant recipients who use opioids prior to transplant. The objective of this analysis was to identify if recent pretransplant opioid exposure would be an effective risk‐stratifier for patients at risk for readmissions and readmission costs. Further, the objective was to see if a brief assessment of recent opioid use could predict chronic opioid use post‐transplant.”Patients and DesignThis study was a single‐center, retrospective cohort analysis of adult renal transplant recipients between January 2010 and December 2016 assessing the impact of pretransplant opioid use on posttransplant readmissions at 1 year postsurgery, as well as it's ability to identify patients at risk of chronic opioid use post‐transplant. Opioid use was identified using medication reconciliation or a national prescription database, and readmissions and normalized costs for hospitalizations were identified via the Vizient clinical database.Main ResultsPretransplant opioid exposure occurred in 271 (24%) of 1129 patients transplanted during the study time period. There were no differences in index hospitalization length of stay or cost; however, patients with opioid exposure were significantly more likely to have been admitted within 1‐year postsurgery (51 vs. 43%, p = 0.023), had more readmissions per patient (0.93 vs. 0.72, p = 0.010), and had higher normalized readmissions costs ($12,556 vs. $8344, p = 0.009). Patients with opioid exposure were also more likely to be admitted for readmissions, had more admissions per patient, and had higher readmission costs at 30 and 90 days postsurgery. There were no differences in preventability of readmissions between cohorts or in general causes of readmissions. A multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that being opioid experienced and having a history of diabetes mellitus were independently associated with readmissions at 1 year postsurgery. In addition, having opioid exposure at the time of transplant, a history of diabetes mellitus, and younger age were independently associated with chronic opioid use after transplant.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that recent exposure to opioids prior to kidney transplant was significantly and independently associated with increased readmissions and readmission costs at multiple timepoints up to 1 year posttransplant as well as chronic opioid use after transplant.It also demonstrated that a brief assessment of recent opioid use may be able to identify patients at risk for chronic opioid use. Because opioid use is associated with multiple diseases, it is important to continue to study the association of opioid use, and the potential for disease‐modifying interactions, with various clinical outcomes.
Disposable Capacitive Biosensor for Dopamine Sensing
Authors: Dhanjai  , Yu Nancy , Mugo Samuel M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present paper reports fabrication of a disposable tyrosinase (Tyr) biosensor for rapid detection of dopamine. Tyr immobilized polyaniline/carbon nanotubes/cellulose nanocrystals (Tyr@PANI/CNTs/CNC) conductive film was fabricated on polyvinyl acetate (PVA) transparency and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Tyr catalyzed dopamine oxidation to o‐dopaquinone was analysed by CV and capacitance was recorded. PANI/CNTs/CNC film acted as a suitable enzyme support which also showed its synergistic effect in accelerating the biocatalytic oxidation reaction. Tyr biosensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, and specificity towards dopamine with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9508 and limit of detection (LOD) of 1.57 nM within linear concentration range of 7–1000 mM. The study suggested practical utilization of disposable biosensor towards dopamine detection in biological fluids.
Photo‐ and Magnetothermally Responsive Nanomaterials for Therapy, Controlled Drug Delivery and Imaging Applications
Authors: Nikazar Sohrab , Barani Mahmood , Rahdar Abbas , Zoghi Maryam , Kyzas George Z. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHyperthermia generates heat as a cure for illness and it is not a chemical treatment. Nanomaterials are supposed to provide novel mechanisms to tackle photothermal and magnetothermal problems, with the potential also to deal with specific approaches to care. The present review outlines recent developments in the field of photothermal and magnetothermal responsive nanomaterials and the photothermal approach mechanism over the last years. These photo/magnetothermal nanomaterials are classified into gold nanostructures (various shapes), carbon nanomaterials (CNTs, fullerene, carbon quantum dots, and graphene), inorganic nanomaterials (Fe, Pt, Pd, Bi, MOF, MoSe2, inorganic quantum dots, etc.) and organic nanoparticles (PLGA (Poly Lactic‐co‐Glycolic Acid) and other nanopolymers). Different groups may be placed together to improve the potential of the photothermal/magnetothermal effects, treatments, drug delivery, and imaging. The review also describes synthesis strategies for photothermal/magnetothermal nanomaterials, physicochemical characterization, the role of size, size distribution, shape, and surface coating of nanomaterials, challenges, and future scopes of photothermal/magnetothermal responsive nanomaterials for therapy, controlled drug delivery, and imaging applications. The recent development in nanomaterial has shown great potential for tumor diagnostic and therapeutic applications in hyperthermia. Magnetic hyperthermia (also called thermal therapy or thermotherapy) is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures (up to 41 °C) in presence of a magnetic field. Research has shown that high temperatures can damage and kill cancer cells, usually with minimal injury to normal tissues. By killing cancer cells and damaging proteins and structures within cells, hyperthermia can necrotize tumor cells. This treatment can be local, regional, or whole‐body hyperthermia, depending on the extent of the area being treated. Hyperthermia can be combined with anticancer drugs or chemotherapy to enhance cancer treatment. In this article, we have discussed recent nanomaterials utilized for this treatment, mechanism, and synthesis methods.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 Spike Protein Nanogel as a Pro‐Antigen Strategy with Enhanced Protective Immune Responses
Authors: Chen Long , Liu Bo , Sun Peng , Wang Wenjun , Luo Shiqiang , Zhang Wenyuan , Yang Yuanfan , Wang Zihao , Lin Jian , Chen Peng R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevention and intervention methods are urgently needed to curb the global pandemic of coronavirus disease‐19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Herein, a general pro‐antigen strategy for subunit vaccine development based on the reversibly formulated receptor binding domain of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (S‐RBD) is reported. Since the poor lymph node targeting and uptake of S‐RBD by antigen‐presenting cells prevent effective immune responses, S‐RBD protein is formulated into a reversible nanogel (S‐RBD‐NG), which serves as a pro‐antigen with enhanced lymph node targeting and dendritic cell and macrophage accumulation. Synchronized release of S‐RBD monomers from the internalized S‐RBD‐NG pro‐antigen triggers more potent immune responses in vivo. In addition, by optimizing the adjuvant used, the potency of S‐RBD‐NG is further improved, which may provide a generally applicable, safer, and more effective strategy for subunit vaccine development against SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as other viruses.