bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model assessment of a nanofiltration membrane for the removal metal ions from simulated wastewater
Authors: Agboola O. , Kolesnikov A. , Sadiku E.R. , Maree J.P. , Mbaya R. , Sanni S.E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper accords the likelihood of applying Donnan and Steric Partitioning Pore Model (DSPM) together with extended Nernst-Planck model to elucidate the capacity of charge and Donnan exclusion mechanisms in removing ions from simulated wastewater in Nano-Pro-3012 membrane filtration process. The extended Nernst-Planck model reports the transportation of cations across Nano-Pro-3012 with respect to electrical potential gradient, movement of solutes and pressure difference through the membrane. The working principle of these two equations is dependent on the adsorption of the charged surface, diffusion and convective transport. This principle was established with a software called Comsol multi-physic 4.3b to explain the capacity of charge and Donnan exclusion mechanism of Nano-Pro-3012. The extended Nernst-Planck model and the Darcy law model were applied to evaluate the physical interrelationship amidst NanoPro-3012 and ionic solutions with the aim of having a good understanding of the transport and rejection working operation of the ions. The principle of these equations was first used to envisage the capability of Nano-Pro-3012. The data obtained were validated with the laboratory data. There was an establishment that movement of solutes across the membrane bring about diffusion transport. The total flux in solution increases due to the working operation of the diffusion which in turns reduces the electrical potential, as a result, reduces the flux in the membrane. Ions smaller than pore sizes are rejected and the theoretical data is in conformity with the experimental data.
Persulphate-based degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated water
Authors: Bo lade O. P. , Durodola B. M. , Williams A. B. , Benson N. U. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present study investigated the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in crude oil polluted water using sodium persulphate as a chemical oxidant. Laboratory-scale contaminations of water and degradation experiments using 0.1 M oxidant were carried out with contact time ranging from 1 to 15 days. The TPH extraction was carried out and analyzed using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) (Agilent 7890A). 72% of ETPH was degraded within 15 days from an initial concentration of ∼137 mg/L. Results indicated 99% efficiency in TPH degradation achieved within the first 10 days after initial contamination. Remediation technique on laboratory- and field-scale is promising and could potentially address major oil pollution contamination issues.
Walk-Through Energy Audit of An Institutional Building
Authors: Atiba O. E. , Efemwenkiekie U. K. , Olatunji R. O. , Ohunakin O. S. , Adelekan D. S. , Oyeleke O. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Improving energy efficiency requires detailed information on energy utilization. Many a times, institutional buildings across developing countries are not energy efficient. Thus, they require quantitative energy consumption audit information. This study outlines daily, weekly and annually projected energy consumption in an academic building within Nigeria. Measurements of the energy utilizations of the building were in accordance to ASHRAE Standard 22, ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-2015 and BCA Health Check report guidelines. Results showed that HVAC appliances and electrical motors driven gadgets consumed 36% and 61.9% of the total energy supplied. In conclusion, improving energy efficiency of similar facilities requires energy conservation practice in terms operating motors and other HVAC devices off idle-time and non-occupancy period respectively.
Influence of Facilities on Patronage of the Various Shopping Malls in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Iroham C. O. , Akinwale O. M. , Oluwunmi A. O. , Okagbue H. I. , Durodola O. D. , Ayedun C. A. , Emetere M. E. , Peter J. N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The way shopping malls have sprawled every nook and cranny particularly in the developing economy is evident from major cities to even sub-urban areas. The expansion evident in the various locations of these shopping malls can be attributed to its patronage. Earlier researchers have linked the patronage of these malls to influences resulting from location, gender, image, type of shoppers amongst other. Even though studies on facilities and how it influences patronage are evident particularly in the developed economies such work also studied other factors thereby not giving a detailed finding on the linkage between facilities provided in such malls and the level of patronage from shoppers. This present study thereby focuses on influence of facilities provided on patronage of the five (5) identified shopping malls in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria. The study being a cross-sectional research survey entailed the distribution of questionnaires to 143, 126, 127, 145 and 126 shoppers of Cocoa Mall; Heritage Mall; Jericho Mall; Palms Mall and Ventura Mall, respectively all located in the study area, Ibadan. A cumulative response rate of 80.3% was attained. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics of weighted mean and substantiated with factor analysis. It was revealed that most identified facilities in the malls have a great influence on patronage of the malls. However, in order to avoid superfluity of investment, investors could commence provision of Eatery / Food court (Co-V1, 0.72) as recreation facility; Kids play center (Co-V1, 0.79) as children’s facility; Toilet/Restroom (Co-V1, 0.84) as service facility; POS (Co-V1, 0.91) as banking facility and free medical checkup (CoV1, 0.91) as health facility as these have most remarkable influence on patronage of the malls. The researchers hereby advocated that investors can be guided in the provision of the relevant facilities to prevent superfluity while the keen sustenance of these specific facilities can sustain patronage of the various malls in the study area.
Effects of Heat Treatment Techniques on the Fatigue Behaviour of Steel Gears: A Review
Authors: Salawu Enesi Y. , Ajayi Oluseyi O. , Inegbenebor Anthony , Popoola A.P.I , Uyor U.O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Heat treatment of gears are fundamental to efficient and reliable gear production because of its contribution to the overall cost of manufacturing. Different heat treatment techniques are targeted to improving hardness, ductility and strength to minimize material degradation or wear. However, several heat treatment methods had led to gear tooth distortion such as shrinkage of tooth thickness which eventually affects the contact angle. The study therefore focused on some selected heat treatment on gears and their effects on gear applications. from the reviewed heat treatment techniques, distortion is a common occurrence that result to gear fatigue. Also, it was noted that most times, the medium for quenching and most importantly, variation in the concentration affects the gear accuracy. Thus, local fracture and material loss ensue. Nevertheless, the study further suggested the use of empirical model and simulation approach for stress prediction.
Design and Construction of Air-Proof Metallic Digesters for Biogas Production from Varied Co-Digestion of Selected Agricultural Residue with Cattle Dung
Authors: Olojede M. A. , Ogunkunle O. , Ahmed N. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Biogas is produced from anaerobic digestion of biodegradable solid wastes in bio-digesters. Agricultural residues, comprising of animal manure and waste biomass, can constitute unfavourable environmental issues if not properly disposed. Studies aimed at converting these residues to energy need serious attention due to fast depleting rate of fossil fuel and its environmental hazard. Four cylindrical biogas digesters (A, B, C and D) of 0.052m3 capacity each were constructed and fed with cattle dung, sunflower leaves, pawpaw and potato peels at different percentage composition. The experimental set-up was left for a retention period of 40 days, after which biogas production stopped. Results revealed that the percentage Organic Dry Matter (%ODM) of cattle dung, sunflower leaves, pawpaw and potato peels were 94.91, 95.92, 97.75 and 96.60 respectively. The total volume and methane contents of biogas produced from digester a, b, c and d were 46.64, 45.80, 39.55 and 38.02 m3, and 71.82 %, 53.71 %, 66.80 % and 52.70 %, respectively. Analysis also revealed that digesters A had the highest Fresh Mass Biogas Yield (FMBY), Organic Dry Matter Biogas Yield (ODMBY), Fresh Mass Methane Yield (FMMY), and Organic Dry Matter Methane Yield (ODMMY). The Higher Heating Values (HHV) of biogas obtained from digesters A, B, C and D were 6.931, 5.680, 6.679 and 5.549 kcal/kg, respectively.
Biogas Yields Variance from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cow Dung with Jatropha Cake Under Mesophilic Temperatures
Authors: Ogunkunle O. , Ahmed N. A. , Olatunji K. O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion requires the digestion of two or more homogenous substrates to produce biogas. The superlative participated condition is when principal amount of most important substrate (example manure or sewage sludge) is combined and fermented with each other with lesser quantities of single, or a variety of additional substrate. The co-digestion of one or more substrates commonly improves the biogas output from anaerobic digesters owing to positive improvement brought about in the digestion medium and the furnishing of missing nutrients in one substrate by another. Anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung and jatropha cake for biogas production was carried out in the batch digester in the absence of oxygen at ambient temperature with different mixing ratios for 40 days. The result indicated that treatment with 75% jatropha 25% cow dung had the highest volume of biogas at the rate of 24.41% and treatment with 100% jatropha released has the highest percentage quality of biogas produced (methane) at the rate of 59.6%. Treatment with 50% cow dung 50% jatropha cake was found to be the appropriate mix ratio, since it was rank 2nd in both qualitative and quantitative analytical point of view from the experiment performed.
Application of Carbon-based Nanofluids in Heat Exchangers: Current Trends
Authors: Borode Adeola O. , Ahmed Noor A. , Olubambi Peter A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The thermal performance of a heat exchanger can be enhanced by adding carbon nanostructured materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene to the conventional working fluid. When nanomaterials are suspended in the working fluid, the fluid is known as Nanofluid. The enhancement in the thermal and rheological properties of the fluid is responsible for the augmentation in heat transfer performance. The influence of carbon nanomaterial on the thermophysical properties, heat transfer characteristics and flow properties are reviewed. The current trends on the utilization of carbon-based nanofluids in heat exchangers were reported. The study shows that carbon-based nanofluids have the potential to improve the performance of heat exchanger and reduce the cost of fabrication by reducing heat exchange area. The study identifies the scope for future study.
Effect of Factory Process and Location on Residential Area Noise Level
Authors: Azodo A. P. , Onwubalili C. , Mezue T. C. , Nwaokocha C. N. , Akpan U. V. , Giwa S. O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tranquility is one of the healthy environment factors on the residential areas which elevate the standard of living of the people and their psychological well-being. On the contrary, when there is a high level of noise intrusion at home, it might deprive one of these benefits. This study measured the industrial noise intrusion level in the residential area with respect to distance. A total of 40 residences, with 8 each around 5 food and drug processing factory sites in three local government areas (Idemili North, Onitsha North, and South) of Anambra state, Nigeria were selected as study site locations. Benetech Model GM 1352 digital sound level meter was used for the measurement of environmental outdoor noise levels at a height of 1.5 m and 3 m from any reflecting surfaces. The distance between the factory sites and the residences assessed was calculated using the coordinates of the study site points obtained with A Garmin GPS 72H on the CDXzipdistance2WP function on Microsoft Office Excel. All measurements were carried out during the daytime between 6:00 am – 10:00 pm. Three categories of environmental outdoor samples of noise levels were obtained; off work-hour, and work hour which comprises of generator usage and the national grid connection hours. The computed LAeq noise intensity level obtained at the residences assessed showed that 12(30.0) and 28(70.0) of the residences assessed were quiet and moderately loud during national grid connection hours which was; quiet 32(80) and moderately loud 8(20) during off work-hours. It, however, translated to moderately loud 24(60.0) and very loud 16(40.0) during the engagement of the services of electricity generator. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a strong negative correlation between the distances of the residences assessed from the factory sites and the noise level which were significant at p < 0.01 for values of r = -0.976 during generator use and 0.981 when compared with the national grid. This implies that the closer factory sites are on the residential area the higher the noise intrusion level which is not healthy.
Emission Properties and Performance Characteristics of Jatropha Curcas L. and Spirulina Platensis Microalgae oil-based biodiesel in diesel Machines
Authors: A Oni B. , Fagbiele O. , Agboola O. , Olawepo V. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article aims at investigating the performance of diesel engine and emission properties of non-eatable oils methyl esters of J. Curcas L. and Spirulina Platensis microalgae based biodiesel in diesel engines (DE). Kirloskar Six cylinder diesel engine was the test engine used to ascertain the level of Break Power (BP) and BSFC and the Emissions of Carbon (IV) Oxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NOX). Different ratios of biodiesel were mixed with diesel fuels using 10.0 and 20.0 percent by volume of methyl esters with the diesel fuels for example AB10 (10% by vol. Biodiesel and 90% by vol. Diesel fuels), JB10, AB20 and JB20 respectively. However, the procedures of the experiment was in agreement with EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 procedures. The biodiesel fuel samples used decreases the brake power (BP) and increase brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) when compared to conventional oils. Results from emission indicates that the blended biodiesel reduces CO, CO2 and HC Emission and causes an increase in NOX emission. Since AB10 gives lesser emissions, it is a better option for diesel fuels in engines that are not modified to minimize exhaust releases in the environment.
Thermal Analysis of Solar Box Cooker in Omu-Aran Metropolis
Authors: Onokwai A. O. , Okonkwo U. C. , Osueke C. O. , Olayanju T.M.A. , A Ezugwu C. , Diarah R. S. , Banjo S. O. , Onokpite E. , Olabamiji T. S. , Ibiwoye M. , James J. A. , Nnodim T. C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Just like other solar cookers, the solar box cooker needs energy gotten from the sun to operate without producing emissions. In this research, a solar box is fabricated to reduce over-dependence on fossil fuel for energy generation. This reduces the environmental degradation caused by the use of other sources of energy. The ASHRAE empirical model was used to obtain the solar irradiance present in Omu-Aran metropolis. Thereafter, the no-load and load test was conducted to determine the cooker’s thermal performance. The tests were conducted between January 2018 and January 2019 in Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria with geographical coordinates 8° 8’ 0” North, 5° 6’ 0” East. The average energy and exergy efficiency of the cooker were 32°C and 28°C respectively. A decrease in the efficiency of the cooker was observed. This was because the reflector, which is made from aluminium foil, was degrading. As a result of this degradation caused the sun rays (radiation) to be reflected poorly into the absorber and also caused a myth of overcast sky. Meanwhile, the variation in solar radiation during the sensible heating test resulted in the fluctuation inefficiency. The ratio of water to absorber temperature which was above 0.80 during the pre-boiling heating process indicates that the cooker can be recommended for sterilization.
Manufacturing Sector Performance And Economic Growth In Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi A. , Laseinde O. T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper attempted to examine the impact of manufacturing sector output on economic growth in Nigeria from 1981 to 2016. The study employed secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the Granger causality techniques on RGDP, manufacturing capacity utilization (MCU), manufacturing output (LMO), government investment expenditure (GINVEXP), money supply (LM2) and interest rate (INR). Evidence of long-run and short-run relationships among the variables was established. The results showed that MCU has positive influence on RGDP while LMO also affects RGDP positively. It also showed that GINVEXP has negative effects on RGDP whereas LM2 influenced RGDP positively. Moreover, the result indicated a unidirectional causality between RGDP and MCU, LMO and LM2. Based on the above, the study suggest government should intensify efforts to promote socio-economic infrastructural, macroeconomic and institutional framework in Nigeria to provide favourable environment for external and domestic institutions interactions; so harnessed mobilized funds effectively towards productive manufacturing sector.
Coal combustion models: An overview
Authors: Marangwanda Garikai T , Madyira Daniel M , Babarinde Taiwo O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics has been used for optimisation of industrial applications with some level of success. The modest accuracy provided by some of the combustion models in use has left some room for research and improvement. Coal is presented as a fuel with complex chemical properties due to its fossil fuel nature. The devolatilization process of coal is investigated with special attention to the best models that can handle heavy and light volatiles found in coal. The heterogenous char combustion is also presented paying attention to the nature of the char particle whilst it is in the process of combustion. The other processes such as drying, homogenous volatile combustion, radiation models, particle tracking models and turbulent models are investigated in a general manner as they rarely vary with the type of fuel being investigated. A summary of the industrial applications that have successfully utilised the CFD models for optimisation of coal combustion are presented thus helping in drawing the final conclusion.
Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids in Heat Transfer Applications – A Review
Authors: Efemwenkiekie U.K. , Oyedepo S.O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The subject of nanofluid have been a major topic of research due to its numerous thermo-physical properties and several breakthroughs that have been recorded. Despite this, other challenges have also ensued. In this work, efforts were made to review the breakthrough, challenges that have been recorded in nanofluid applications as regards thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity is a significant criterion to consider when dealing with heat transfer related works and several factors affect the performance of this systems; factors such as temperature, nanoparticle size, the method of preparation of nanofluid, volumetric loading, nanoparticle shape and base-fluid used. The result of the review showed that despite the success recorded in enhancing of these systems; by employing nanofluid to improve these systems there are still challenges that portends from the use of nanoparticle. Hence the need for further researches to done in order to address these issues
Experimental Investigations of Tool Pin Geometry and Process Parameter Influence on Mechanical Property of Friction Stir Welded 6101-T6 and 7075-T651 Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Abolusoro Olatunji P , Akinlabi Esther T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the variables that significantly affect the joint integrity of welds carried out with friction stir welding (FSW) is the tool pin geometry. This particular factor considerably affects the mechanical properties, joint size and microstructural evolution of the weld. The extent to which tool geometry affects the mechanical behaviour of welds under different processing parameters needs to be fully understood in order to achieve highly reliable joints for various industrial applications. This work is, therefore, an attempt at, investigating tool pin geometry and processing parameters effects on the mechanical behaviour and stability of friction stir welds through joining of 6101-T6 and 7075-T651 aluminium alloys via FSW. Two pin designs named tapered unthreaded and tapered threaded were used for this study. The result obtained shows that low rotational speed and high welding speed promote the tensile strength of the welded alloys and that welds carried out with the tapered threaded tool gave higher tensile values than the tapered unthreaded.
Exploring Neural Network to Predict Car Tyre Inflation Time and Power Requirement of a Tyre Pressure Control Unit.
Authors: Amosun S.T , Samuel O.D , Zubairu P.T , Bolaji B.O , Fayomi S.O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study used Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the prediction of power required to inflate different tyre sizes and inflation times. ANN is a widely accepted machine learning method that uses past data to predict future trend. An existing database obtained experimentally from a tyre pressure control test rig was optimized using genetic algorithm(GA) which is an optimization tool that can find better subsets of input variables for importing into ANN. The ANN results were compared with the results obtained experimentally. The results show that the model can be implemented in modern day tyre pressure control designs and be used to predict inflation times and power required to inflate different tyre sizes.
Kinetic Study of Waste-derived Solid Hydroxy Sodalite Catalyst during Transesterification of Animal Fat Oil to Biodiesel in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Aniokete T.C. , Mbhele S. , Mdlalani V. , Ozonoh M. , Daramola M.O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Kinetic studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions form a crucial step necessary for the understanding of catalytic behaviour of a catalyst towards designing, controlling and optimizing a reactor. This study reports kinetics of waste animal fat oil (AFO) transesterification to biodiesel using waste-derived heterogeneous catalyst, hydroxy sodalite (HSOD) in a batch reactor. The catalyst was synthesized from coal fly ash and waste industrial brine via hydrothermal treatment. At a temperature range of 49 - 62 °C and a time range of 30 -120 minutes, the transesterification of animal fat oil to biodiesel was conducted at a fixed methanol/oil mass proportion 9:1, percent mass weight of catalyst 3 (based on the AFO) and stirring intensity of 300-500 rpm. Experimental findings reveal that reaction rate, which is first-order, was anticipated to increase with increasing temperature, resulted in an activation energy and a pre-exponential factor of 58554.65 J mol-1 and 2.83 min-1, respectively. The value of the activation energy suggests that the reaction is endothermic and a minimum energy of 58.55 kJ is required to achieve an effective collision at a frequency of 2.83 min-1. The highest biodiesel yield was 90 % at 62 °C and this corresponds to a highest AFO conversion of 93 % at a reaction time of 120 minutes.