bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transdisciplinary action for global health: the cases of vaccine hesitancy and Ebola epidemic
Authors: Agartan T I , Atobra D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The storm of increasing global disease burden and health threats calls for the combined utilisation of all disciplines to promote global health. In practice, natural sciences and clinical perspectives still dominate global health discussions and proposed solutions, with little room for effective collaborations with social sciences and humanities. The aim is to examine the extent of multidisciplinary collaborations in global health, identify and analyse the types of actors and disciplinary approaches employed, and the modes or patterns of multidisciplinarity. Vaccine hesitancy and refusal, and the Ebola epidemic of 2014-16 serve our analysis as two case studies of recent global health threats, that brought various global health actors together in diverse projects:

Methods
A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database and Google Scholar over a period of five years (2014-2019).

Results
The findings suggest that different social science and humanities disciplines were involved in solving global health threats at different stages and in various ways. We identified two types of collaboration: 1) Reactive collaborations where a team of health experts in the natural sciences turn to social sciences only because of challenges in implementing the project. 2) Interactive collaborations, that aim to involve social sciences in the early stages of research, development, and implementation of programs to understand and work effectively within the cultural and social contexts of communities affected by health emergencies. This type of interaction pays more attention to affected populations and the health workers, who are responsible for implementing the SDGs and global health interventions.

Conclusions
Disciplinary hierarchies are huge barriers to solving global challenges. A transdisciplinary framework has most potential to respond effectively to global health threats and action is needed to implement this approach in global health education.
Various vaccination policies: how to protect our children best!
Authors: Illy K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is an interesting debate whether young (and incapacitated) children shouldn't be protected from the irresponsible behavior of their parents. In many European countries it is a legal obligation to use special seats when transporting a young child in a car. And if you don't, you will be fined. This measure exists in order to protect children from dangerous behavior of adults. In fact, it is hard to understand why we find it so difficult to apply the same attitude regarding parents who put their children deliberately at risk when not vaccinating their children. They not only put their own children at risk but also children who are too young or too vulnerable to be vaccinated.
The degree of vaccination differs largely between the European countries. In some countries we see a good and safe degree of vaccination, in other countries it's extremely low. In the latter situation, especially vulnerable children are at risk of contracting potentially lethal infections. As a result, there is a wide range of options that health care professionals, politicians and policymakers are discussing about.
In many European countries we see a lively discussion about the issue of mandatory vaccination. It is a political and often emotional debate. The question is: does mandatory vaccination help? And what exactly does it imply? In this presentation the advantages and disadvantages of the various mandatory policies will be discussed along with the question how changes in vaccine legislation may influence vaccine acceptance.
Cultural Concepts of Substance Use and Idioms of Distress in Male Syrian Refugees in Germany
Authors: Lindert J , Neuendorf U , Schaefer I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The study of substance use disorder among communities affected by mass violence has not received equal attention as other health concerns. This has led to the majority of psychosocial interventions in post-conflict zones being unresponsive to substance use-related problems among refugees. This study focused on gaining an in-depth understanding of the lay discourses and cultural concepts around substance use among male Syrian refugees in Germany.

Methods
Purposive and convenience sampling strategies were used for the recruitment of participants. The interview schedule was piloted among experts prior to conducting fieldwork. Inclusion criteria were a recent arrival from Syria. The study utilized a qualitative methodology, consisting of semi-structured group interviews with a native-speaking professional translator. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using an inductive thematic approach.

Results
Participants were refugees aged between 18 - 60 years (n = 19). The narratives revealed three themes. Firstly, the characteristics of Syrian society featured particularly in the participants' narratives. Society's rejection of substance use, generally enforced through taboos (e.g. halal/haram) was described and placed in contrast to a more liberal German society. Easier access and an open attitude to drug use in Europe were seen as problematic by some. The social stigma attached to mental health issues was discussed in participant narratives. Stigma was interpreted as both a cause for the development of a disorder as well as an exacerbating factor. Family was perceived as a protective force against substance use and the development of disorders. Thirdly, substance use was understood as one strategy of coping with stress, experience of violence and displacement.

Conclusions
Substance use may be seen as both an expression and a product of social suffering caused by the experience of war and displacement.
Problem Management Plus (PM+) for Syrian refugees in the Netherlands
Authors: Sijbrandij M , de Graaff A , Cuijpers P , Kieft B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Refugees are at considerable risk to develop common mental disorders and related somatic health symptoms. In order to meet the mental health needs of individuals affected by crisis worldwide, the World Health Organization has developed a set of transdiagnostic low-intensity psychological interventions. These interventions, including Problem Management Plus (PM+) and its variants, are delivered by trained non-professional counsellors under supervision of local clinicians. The EU H2020 STRENGTHS project evaluates the effectiveness of these interventions across refugee settings in Europe and the Middle East. This presentation will present the results of a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) on individual PM+ in the Netherlands.

Methods
Syrian refugees (N = 60) with elevated levels of psychological distress (10 item-Kessler Psychological Distress Scale &gt;15) and impaired daily functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 &gt;16) were randomized into PM + (N=30)) or care-as-usual control (CAU; N = 30). The main outcomes were symptoms of depression and anxiety at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were functioning, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, service utilisation and health costs.

Results
At 3 months follow-up, the PM+ group had significantly lower scores than control for depression (d=.52?) and anxiety (d=.48), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (d=.66, p = .006?), functional impairment (d=.73, p = .009) and self-identified problems (d=.81, p = .005). PM+ potentially may be cost effective with an ICER of €5,047, (95% CI €0, €19773) per additional recovery achieved.

Conclusions
PM+ delivered by non-specialist peer-refugee helpers has the potential be effective in reducing depression, anxiety, improving functioning, and reducing health costs. Larger RCTs on the effects of PM+ are currently conducted within the EU STRENGTHS project.
Young refugees’ pathways in(to) education - teacher and student voices: opportunities and dilemmas
Authors: Eide K , Hauge H A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The study's aim is to gain more knowledge about what may promote or inhibit young refugees' successful educational and psychosocial transitions in the early resettlement period. Experiences during resettlement can be crucial for young refugees' long-term education and mental health outcomes related to potentially traumatizing experiences before and during their flight, worries about family members and friends who still live in unstable conflict areas, and pre-migration/flight/post-migration stressors.

Methods
The study applied a qualitative, ethnographically oriented approach, based on semi-structured interviews and observations in five upper secondary schools in four municipalities in Norway. The researchers conducted interviews with 47 young refugees and 46 teachers and other school staff members.

Results
The findings on educational transitions are related to motivation and mastery, time spent on education, language related issues and teachers diversity competence. The psychosocial findings highlight the impact of refugee students' relationships on wellbeing and functioning in school and outside. Three central dilemmas can be drawn from the findings that school staff can encounter in their work to support young refugee: 1) Seeing the individual and group-level challenges, 2) sustaining motivation vs preparation for future demands, and 3) balancing educational and psychosocial demands.

Conclusions
The teachers experience dissonance from trying to combine loyalty to the educational system with establishing friendly relationships, being close strangers with students they see as having unrealistic aspirations. They guide them into choosing vocational education, leaving both the teachers and their students in a situation where they see few desirable outcomes of education during resettlement. The reasons for, and potential solutions to this problem can be seen in conjunction both with educational policies and with prevailing norms for student behaviour.
13.A. Workshop: Responding to COVID19 in Europe: a tale of five countries
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA Infectious diseases control section Chair person: Aura Timen - Netherlands
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since emerging from a market in Wuhan China in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing COVID-19, has spread worldwide. On January 30th 2020 the World Health Organization declared the COVID19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, and declared it a pandemic on March 11th 2020. With over 2.4 million cases and 180,000 deaths reported by mid-June, Europe has been the second most affected region in the world. Individual countries such as Italy and the UK have been amongst the hardest hit in the world. However, the COVID19 situation in Europe is marked by wide variations both in terms of how countries have been affected, and in terms of how they have responded.
The proposed workshop will provide compare and contrast the situation and response in five countries in the European region: The UK, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Sweden, moderated by a firm and charismatic chair. This interactive workshop will enable better understanding of the disease's spread and trajectory in different EU countries. International comparisons will help to describe the growth and scale of the pandemic in the selected EU countries. The choice of countries reflects those that have reported high and low incidence and mortality, as well as represent a range in the strictness of the control measures implemented, from full lockdown to the most permissive. The session will go beyond describing those and will be an opportunity to discuss the pros and cons of these different approaches and lessons learnt around the different components of the response such as case identification, contact tracing, testing, social distancing, mask use, health communication and inequalities. We plan to have short and effective 5 min presentations followed by a longer and constructively provocative moderated discussion.
Importantly, the five European case studies will offer ground to discuss the public health principles behind outbreak management preparedness and balancing public health with other imperatives such as economic ones, but also social frustration. The audience will be engaged through a Q&A session.

Key messages
The approach to managing the COVID19 outbreak has varied among European countries, and the optimal approach is likely to be context specific. The effect of the pandemic will be long term and public health imperatives must take population attitudes and behavior as well as economic and indirect health effects into account.
13.E. Workshop: How to improve the uptake of best practices?
Authors:   Organised by: BZgA (Germany), Santé Publique France, RIVM (Netherlands), EuroHealthNet,   Chair persons: Yvette Shajanian Zarneh - Germany, Anne-Catherine Viso - France
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Several countries have a health promotion and disease prevention programme register (also known as good/best practice portal), designed with the aim of supporting policy and practice with evidence-based information. While some of the programme registers have been in use for many years (USA, the Netherlands, Germany, etc.), others have been established recently (France) or are even under development (Slovenia). Though there are differences in terms of categorising good/best practice, all prevention programme registers have many things in common, for instance submission and review processes. Another similarity lies in the common challenges by all programme registers, which relate to the question: “How to improve the uptake of good/best practices?”. Finding answers to this question might contribute to one of the major Public health challenges of today: The translation of evidence into practice.

Objective
The organisers of the workshop will present different strategies and approaches to improve the uptake of the prevention programme registers, and discuss the successes and challenges of different strategies with workshop participants, as experience shows that more is needed than just offering the prevention programme registers. Today we know that a range of framework conditions must be in place to ensure a supportive environment for the use of the portals. This starts with needs analysis, support in the selection of the most appropriate good/best practices and their transferability and goes as far as capacity building, incentivisation and fostering feedback on adaptations.
In detail, the presentations will address: How to build capacity to best use good/best practice (by Netherlands); Whether and how a more comprehensive approach offering instruments for needs assessment, general information and good/best practice in one portal might facilitate uptake (by Germany); and Dissemination strategies: experience and lessons learned (by France) and the added value of European collaboration to improve the uptake of best practices and create a “centre of excellence” for health promotion portals in Europe with the objective to: discuss which framework conditions are most relevant to improve uptake of good/best practicesdiscuss successes and challenges of different strategies.

Key messages
This workshop will give participants insight into most relevant approaches and infrastructures to improve uptake of good/best practices. It will discuss which different strategies followed by several countries might be successful.
How to build capacity to best use good/best practice
Authors: van Dale D , Leenaars K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the Netherlands the best practice portals contains approximately 325 best and good practices with different levels of recognition (well described, theoretically sound and effective). Evaluations of the portal (2013 and 2018) show that the portal is well appreciated by professionals of municipal health services and stakeholders but the uptake of best practices can be improved. An implementation study (2014) to the uptake of interventions revealed that the RIVM had to work on dissemination strategies for policymakers, capacity building implementing best practices by professionals and incentive strategies for both groups. In this presentation the focus is on the capacity building of professionals.
In order to support professionals and policymakers with evidence-based decision making the RIVM developed the online Manual Healthy Municipality, Healthy School and Healthy Kindergarten. In the manuals overviews of best practices are presented per theme (e.g. smoking), target group (e.g. elderly) or setting (e.g. neighbourhood) in combination with tools and instruments for intersectoral collaboration, citizens involvement and monitoring and evaluation. These manuals are well known and combine process information (how) with product information (what: effective programs and what works overviews).
The implementation study showed also that professionals would like to have more support in the form of workshops and masterclasses. In order to get this the RIVM organizes workshops how to describe an intervention for recognition and how to adapt an intervention. The assumption that a recognized can't adapted to the local contexts was one of the inhibiting factors of the implementation of best practices. To ensure that the adjustments are made properly we have developed a checklist for the adaptation of interventions which is the base of the workshop. Professionals can also ask for a tailored work shop for example how to create support for the use of best practices.
Multimorbidity patterns and quality of life across European populations: Results from SHARE database
Authors: Makovski T T , Poblador Plou B , Schnell M , Stranges S , Zeegers M , Le Coroller G , Huiart L , van den Akker M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An increasing number of people living with multimorbidity may receive suboptimal care since health systems are not well prepared to respond to their complex needs. Identifying which conditions most commonly group together could support better care for patients with multiple diseases. This is particularly critical for conditions that have the most deteriorating effect on quality of life (QoL). The aim of the study was to: 1) identify multimorbidity patterns in Europe and 2) assess their impact on QoL. This was a cross-sectional analysis performed on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) among adults aged 50+, in eighteen countries (n = 67,179). The Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure (CASP-12v1) scale assessed QoL. Exploratory factor analysis (using 17 conditions) based on tetra-choric correlations, was applied to identify multimorbidity patterns. Associations between patterns and QoL were estimated with multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. The analyses were adjusted for socio-economic, clinical and psycho-social factors, and stratified by sex. Three multimorbidity patterns were found: 1) cardio-metabolic [frequency in men (27.7%); women (25.9%)], 2) psycho-geriatric [1.4%; 0.3%] and 3) mixed [11.7%; 17.4%]. Sample adequacy was confirmed by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test [0.81; 0.84, for men and women, respectively]. The patterns showed slight sex differences. The frequency of all patterns increased with age, while patterns overlapped significantly in the population. The psycho-geriatric pattern had the most deteriorating effect on QoL [-4.5(95%CI:-6.2;-2.8) for men; -5.0(95%CI: -9.5; -0.5) for women]. Recognizing the most common disease patterns may allow more targeted planning and provision of care, including development of clinical guidelines, enhancing collaboration between health professionals, and creation of prevention plans to reduce complications and preserve the best QoL for patients with multimorbidity.

Key messages
First large population-based study on multimorbidity patterns and their impact on QoL across Europe, using SHARE database. The findings can serve to support better care for multimorbid patients.
Analysis of submissions to the EU’s public consultation on tobacco traceability and security features
Authors: Gallagher A , Evans-Reeves K A , Gilmore A B , Joshi A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The Illicit Trade Protocol (ITP) requires all Parties to establish a tobacco track and trace (T&T) system. In 2016, the European Commission held a public consultation on T&T implementation in which interested parties were asked to respond online to 22 multiple-choice questions and were given additional opportunities to leave comments if desired. In May 2019, the EU's T&T system became operational. This paper explores tobacco industry influence over and policy positions within the consultation process.

Methods
The Illicit Trade Protocol (ITP) requires all Parties to establish a tobacco track and trace (T&T) system. In 2016, the European Commission held a public consultation on T&T implementation in which interested parties were asked to respond online to 22 multiple-choice questions and were given additional opportunities to leave comments if desired. In May 2019, the EU's T&T system became operational. This paper explores tobacco industry influence over and policy positions within the consultation process.

Results
Of the 197 consultation responses analysed, 131 (66.4%) had financial links to the tobacco industry. 89 respondents were trade associations, 74 of which were financially linked (33 had TTC members). 29 (22.1%) of the financially-linked respondents were not transparent about their links. There was a clear divide in the policy preferences of respondents with and without a financial link. Collectively, respondents with a financial link supported an industry-operated solution.

Conclusions
There was an extensive lobbying effort by the tobacco industry over the EU's T&T system, with TTCs' interests being represented repeatedly through multiple trade associations. The transparency requirements regarding consultation respondents' affiliations with relevant stakeholders (such as tobacco manufacturers) should be improved for future tobacco-related consultations.

Key messages
There was an extensive lobbying effort on the part of the tobacco industry Several respondents with financial links to the tobacco industry did not disclose these. Collectively, respondents with a financial link to the tobacco industry supported an industry-operated solution which would not have met the requirements of the ITP.