bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Security Are Two Sides of the Same Coin
Authors: Leveson Nancy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Whether safety and security overlap depends on how one defines each of these qualities. Definitions are man-made and the definer can include or exclude anything they want. The question really is what the definitions imply for the solution of the problems being defined and which definitions lead to the most effective achievement of the property or properties being defined. This chapter starts by proposing an inclusive definition that combines safety and security and then discusses the practical implications of this definition for solving our safety and security problems. These implications include (1) recognizing that safety and security are not equivalent to reliability, (2) broadening the focus in security from information security and keeping intruders out, and (3) creating new integrated analysis methods based on system theory.
Infrared structure of SU(N) × U(1) gauge theory to three loops
Authors: Ajjath A.H. , Mukherjee Pooja , Ravindran V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the infrared (IR) structure of SU(N)×U(1) (QCD×QED) gauge theory withnfquarks andnlleptons within the framework of perturbation theory. In particular, we unravel the IR structure of the form factors and inclusive real emission cross sections that contribute to inclusive production of color neutral states, such as a pair of leptons or single W/Z in Drell-Yan processes and a Higgs boson in bottom quark annihilation, in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the threshold limit. Explicit computation of the relevant form factors to third order and the use of Sudakov’sK+Gequation in SU(N)×U(1) gauge theory demonstrate the universality of the cusp anomalous dimensions (AI, I=q, b). The abelianization rules that relateAIof SU(N) with those from U(1) and SU(N)×U(1) can be used to predict the soft distribution that results from the soft gluon emission subprocesses in the threshold limit. Using the latter and the third order form factors, we can obtain the collinear anomalous dimensions (BI) and the renormalisation constantZbto third order in perturbation theory. The form factors, the process independent soft distribution functions can be used to predict fixed and resummed inclusive cross sections to third order in couplings and in leading logarithmic approximation respectively.
COVID-19: Epidemiologische und klinische Fakten
Authors: Hemmer Christoph J. , Geerdes-Fenge Hilte F. , Reisinger Emil C. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungBis zum 31.07.2020 wurden weltweit ca. 17,6 Mio. SARS-CoV-2-Infizierte und ca. 680.000 Todesfälle aufgrund von COVID-19 gemeldet. SARS-CoV‑2 wird über Tröpfchen und wahrscheinlich auch Aerosole übertragen. Die Infektiosität beginnt 2–3 Tage vor Symptombeginn, auch asymptomatisch Infizierte sind infektiös. Die Erkrankung betrifft die oberen Atemwege und die Lungen (Pneumonie, akutes Lungenversagen [ARDS]), ferner Herz, Leber, Magen-Darm-Trakt und andere Organe. Das Virus nutzt ACE2 als Rezeptor zum Eindringen in Wirtszellen. Vaskulitis, Endothelschaden, Thromboembolien und Organversagen werden von einer massiven Zytokinantwort begleitet. Gefährdet sind vor allem Ältere sowie Personen mit Vorerkrankungen. Eine effektive antivirale Therapie ist bisher nicht verfügbar. Schwer kranke Patienten profitieren wahrscheinlich von Dexamethason und von frühzeitiger Therapie der Komplikationen. Impfstoffkandidaten befinden sich derzeit in der klinischen Prüfung.
Partial possibilistic regression path modeling: handling uncertainty in path modeling
Authors: Romano Rosaria , Palumbo Francesco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a new insight of a recently proposed method named partial possibilistic regression path modeling. This method combines the principles of path modeling with those of possibilistic regression to model the net of relations among blocks of variables, where a weighted composite summarizes each block. It assumes that randomness can refer back as the measurement error, which is the error in modeling the relations between the observed variables and the corresponding composite, and the vagueness to the structural error, which is the uncertainty in modeling the relations among the composites behind each block of variables. The comparison of the proposed method with a classical composite-based path model is based on a simulation study. A case study on the use of Wikipedia in higher education illustrates a fruitful usability context of the proposed method.
Seasonal Home Advantage in English Professional Football; 1974–2018
Authors: Peeters Thomas , van Ours Jan C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study seasonal home advantage in English professional football over the period 1974 to 2018. We distinguish between absolute home advantage, enjoyed equally by all teams in a division, and relative home advantage, which differs among teams in the division. We find that absolute home advantage is substantial, ranging from 0.59 to 0.64 in terms of points per game or 0.44 to 0.46 in terms of goal difference. Likewise, clubs differ substantially in the relative home advantage they enjoy. Relative home advantage is positively related to within-team variation in attendance and the use of an artificial pitch. Despite big cross-divisional differences in attendance, absolute home advantage is about the same in all divisions. Finally, there is a substantial decline in absolute home advantage over time that materializes equally across divisions.
Design and Realization of a Band Pass Filter at D-band Using Gap Waveguide Technology
Authors: Vazquez-Roy Jose Luis , Rajo-Iglesias Eva , Ulisse Giacomo , Krozer Viktor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGap waveguide technology is particularly attractive for the design of passive elements in mm-wave systems. Recently, the so-called zero-gap implementation has proved to be very robust to manufacturing tolerances, while at the same time keeping the low loss associated to the contactless standard gap waveguide. In this paper, a Chebyshev filter working at 145 GHz based on this idea and intended to be used in a wireless communication system is designed and optimized. A conventional milling technique has been used in its fabrication, and good measured results have been obtained in a single-pass process.
When Do Offenders Commit Crime? An Analysis of Temporal Consistency in Individual Offending Patterns
Authors: van Sleeuwen Sabine E. M. , Steenbeek Wouter , Ruiter Stijn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Building on Hägerstrand’s time geography, we expect temporal consistency in individual offending behavior. We hypothesize that repeat offenders commit offenses at similar times of day and week. In addition, we expect stronger temporal consistency for crimes of the same type and for crimes committed within a shorter time span.

Method
We use police-recorded crime data on 28,274 repeat offenders who committed 152,180 offenses between 1996 and 2009 in the greater The Hague area in the Netherlands. We use a Monte Carlo permutation procedure to compare the overall level of temporal consistency observed in the data to the temporal consistency that is to be expected given the overall temporal distribution of crime.

Results
Repeat offenders show strong temporal consistency: they commit their crimes at more similar hours of day and week than expected. Moreover, the observed temporal consistency patterns are indeed stronger for offenses of the same type of crime and when less time has elapsed between the offenses, especially for offenses committed within a month after the prior offense.

Discussion
The results are consistent with offenders having recurring rhythms that shape their temporal crime pattern. These findings might prove valuable for improving predictive policing methods and crime linkage analysis as well as interventions to reduce recidivism.
Embodiment and personal identity in dementia
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTheories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke and Derek Parfit emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as a basic criterion for personhood. As a consequence, persons with severe dementia are threatened to lose the status of persons. Such concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the person, or a carrier of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. Based on the phenomenology of embodiment, this paper elaborates a different approach to personal identity in dementia. In this perspective, selfhood is primarily constituted by pre-reflective self-awareness and the body memory of an individual, which consists in the embodiment and enactment of familiar habits, practices and preferences. After describing the different types of body memory, the paper develops a phenomenology of dementia as a loss of reflexivity and meta-perspective. This is contrasted with the preservation of individual forms of body memory even in the later stages of the illness. The ethical consequences of an embodied approach to dementia are outlined. A final look is given to narrativistic and constructionist concepts of the self in dementia.
Athletes and adversities: athletic identity and emotional regulation in time of COVID-19
Authors: Costa Sergio , Santi Giampaolo , di Fronso Selenia , Montesano Cristina , Di Gruttola Francesco , Ciofi Edoardo Giorgio , Morgilli Luana , Bertollo Maurizio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted on the sporting field, with athletes constrained in home isolation without the possibility to train and compete in their usual environments. This situation has been investigated within the theoretical frameworks of athletic identity and cognitive emotion regulation.

Objectives
The objectives of our investigation were to: (a) validate the athletic identity measurement scale (AIMS) for use in Italian language; and (b) explore differences by gender, typology of sport (individual vs. team), and competitive level (elite vs. non-elite) in athletic identity and in cognitive emotion regulation during the Covid-19 lockdown period.

Methods
To achieve these objectives, the reliability and construct validity of the Italian version of the AIMS have been tested in Study 1. Multivariate and univariate analyses were run to evaluate differences between different groups of athletes in Study 2.

Results
Results from Study 1 suggest a 3-factor higher order model of athletic identity. Results from Study 2 highlight that, during this lockdown period, elite athletes and team sports athletes show higher athletic identity. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies are different for gender and for competitive level. Finally, athletes with higher athletic identity tend to ruminate and catastrophize more.

Conclusions
The present multi-study paper contributes to the theoretical field with a validated measure of athletic identity in Italian language. It also provides some practical implications that could apply in this situation of isolation and can be extended to cases such as those of injury or illness.
Combined leaching and plant uptake simulations of PFOA and PFOS under field conditions
Authors: Gassmann Matthias , Weidemann Eva , Stahl Thorsten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in industrial production and manufacturing but were repeatedly detected in agricultural soils and therefore in cash crops in recent years. Dissipation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a sub-group of PFASs, in the environment was rather attributed to the formation of non-extractable residues (NER) than to degradation or transformation. Currently, there are no models describing the fate of PFAAs in the soil-plant continuum under field conditions, which hampers an assessment of potential groundwater and food contamination. Therefore, we tested the ability of the pesticide-leaching model MACRO to simulate the leaching and plant uptake of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in a field lysimeter using two concepts of adsorption: a kinetic two-side sorption concept usually applied for pesticide leaching (scenario I) and the formation of NER (scenario II). The breakthrough of substances could be simulated adequately in scenario II only. Scenario I, however, was not able to reproduce sampled leaching concentrations. Plant uptake was simulated well in the first year after contamination but lacked adequacy in the following years. The model results suggest that more than 90% of PFOA and PFOS are in the pool of NER after 8 years, which is more compared with other studies. However, since NER formation was hypothesized to be a kinetic process and our study used a PFASs leaching time series over a period of 8 years, the results are reasonable. Further research is required on the formation of NER and the uptake of PFAAs into plants in order to gain a better model performance and extend the simulation approach to other PFAAs.
A core set of patient-reported outcomes for population-based cancer survivorship research: a consensus study
Authors: Ramsey Imogen , Corsini Nadia , Hutchinson Amanda D. , Marker Julie , Eckert Marion 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Core outcome sets aim to improve the consistency and quality of research by providing agreed-upon recommendations regarding what outcomes should be measured as a minimum for a population and setting. This study aimed to identify a core set of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) representing the most important issues impacting on cancer survivors’ long-term health, functioning, and quality of life, to inform population-based research on cancer survivorship.

Methods
In phase I, a list of 46 outcomes was generated through focus groups (n = 5) with cancer survivors (n = 40) and a review of instruments for assessing quality of life in cancer survivorship. In phase II, 69 national experts in cancer survivorship practice, research, policy, and lived experience participated in a two-round Delphi survey to refine and prioritise the listed outcomes into a core outcome set. A consensus meeting was held with a sub-sample of participants to discuss and finalise the included outcomes.

Results
Twelve outcome domains were agreed upon for inclusion in the core outcome set: depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue, cognitive problems, fear of cancer recurrence or progression, functioning in everyday activities and roles, financial toxicity, coping with cancer, overall bother from side effects, overall quality of life, and overall health status.

Conclusions
We established a core set of PROs to standardise assessment of cancer survivorship concerns at a population level.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Adoption of the core outcome set will ensure that survivorship outcomes considered important by cancer survivors are assessed as a minimum in future studies. Furthermore, its routine use will optimise the comparability, quality, and usefulness of the data cancer survivors provide in population-based research.
Comparison of Free Zinc Levels Determined by Fluorescent Probes in THP1 Cells Using Microplate Reader and Flow Cytometer
Authors: Alker Wiebke , Haase Hajo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFree zinc is involved in signal transduction within mammalian cells, acting as a second messenger. Gold standard for its analysis is currently the use of metal-responsive fluorescent probes. The present study elucidates the impact of instrumentation used for measuring the resulting fluorescence. The free zinc concentration of THP-1 cells loaded with the fluorescent probes Zinpyr-1 (ZP1) or Fluozin-3 AM (FZ3) was determined using a microplate reader (MPR) and a flow cytometer (FC). Depending on the instrumentation, either low nanomolar (MPR) or picomolar (FC) concentrations of free zinc were observed. The concentrations measured from identical samples by MPR were about 40 (ZP1) or 165 (FZ3) times higher compared with FC. These results demonstrate that the choice of instrumentation has a fundamental impact on the determination of intracellular free zinc concentrations by low molecular weight fluorescent probes.
Risk factors for pancreas and lung neuroendocrine neoplasms: a case–control study
Authors: Giraldi Luca , Vecchioni Alessia , Carioli Greta , Bilotta Mirna , La Rosa Stefano , Imperatori Andrea , Volante Marco , Brizzi Maria Pia , Inzani Frediano , Petrone Gianluigi , Schinzari Giovanni , Bianchi Antonio , Margaritora Stefano , Alfieri Sergio , La Vecchia Carlo , Boccia Stefania , Rindi Guido 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) has been displaying an incremental trend along the last two decades. This phenomenon is poorly understood, and little information is available on risk factor for neuroendocrine neoplasia development. Aim of this work is to elucidate the role of potentially modifiable risk factors for pancreatic and pulmonary NEN.

Methods
We conducted a case–control study on 184 patients with NEN (100 pancreas and 84 lung) and 248 controls. The structured questionnaire included 84 queries on socio-demographic, behavioral, dietary and clinical information.

Results
Increased risk was associated with history of cancer (“other tumor”, lung OR = 7.18; 95% CI: 2.55–20.20 and pancreas OR = 5.88; 95% CI: 2.43–14.22; “family history of tumor”, lung OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.53–4.64 and pancreas OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.19–3.17; “family history of lung tumor”, lung OR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.05–6.24 and pancreas OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.13–5.95). Type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with an increased risk of pancreatic NEN (OR = 3.01; 95% CI: 1.15–7.89).

Conclusions
Besides site-specific risk factors, there is a significant link between neuroendocrine neoplasia and cancer in general, pointing to a shared cancer predisposition.
Diskurse Sozialer Arbeit und „Big Data“
Authors: Kloss Tilman 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, über welche Themen in Rezensionen zu Publikationen im Bereich der Sozialen Arbeit gesprochen wird und welche davon miteinander diskutiert werden. Beispielsweise wird sichtbar, dass die Stichwörter Kind und Jugend eine inhaltliche Nähe zu Prävention, Psychotherapie und psychische Störung aufweisen. Darauf bezogen wird exemplarisch eine vorsichtige Kontextualisierung der Ergebnisse vorgenommen. Zudem wird gezeigt, welchen Mehrwert dieses methodische Vorgehen entfalten kann und wo wiederum dessen Grenzen liegen.
Reynolds number and wind tunnel wall effects on the flow field around a generic UHBR engine high-lift configuration
Authors: Ullah Junaid , Prachař Aleš , Šmíd Miroslav , Seifert Avraham , Soudakov Vitaly , Lutz Thorsten , Krämer Ewald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRANS simulations of a generic ultra-high bypass ratio engine high-lift configuration were conducted in three different environments. The purpose of this study is to assess small scale tests in an atmospheric closed test section wind tunnel regarding transferability to large scale tests in an open-jet wind tunnel. Special emphasis was placed on the flow field in the separation prone region downstream from the extended slat cut-out. Validation with wind tunnel test data shows an adequate agreement with CFD results. The cross-comparison of the three sets of simulations allowed to identify the effects of the Reynolds number and the wind tunnel walls on the flow field separately. The simulations reveal significant blockage effects and corner flow separation induced by the test section walls. By comparison, the Reynolds number effects are negligible. A decrease of the incidence angle for the small scale model allows to successfully reproduce the flow field of the large scale model despite severe wind tunnel wall effects.
Spaceborne Middle‐ and Far‐Infrared Observations Improving Nighttime Ice Cloud Property Retrievals
Authors: Saito Masanori , Yang Ping , Huang Xianglei , Brindley Helen E. , Mlynczak Martin G. , Kahn Brian H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo upcoming missions are scheduled to provide novel spaceborne observations of upwelling far‐infrared spectra. In this study, the accuracy of ice cloud property retrievals using spaceborne middle‐to‐far‐infrared (MIR‐FIR) measurements is examined toward a better understanding of retrieval biases and uncertainties. Theoretical sensitivity studies demonstrate that the MIR‐FIR spectra are sensitive to ice cloud properties, thereby providing a robust means for retrieving cloud properties under nighttime conditions. However, the temperature dependence of the ice refractive index and relevant ice particle shape models need to be incorporated into the retrieval procedure to avoid systematic biases in inferring cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius. Furthermore, prior information of subpixel cloud fractions is essential to mitigation of substantial systematic retrieval biases due to inconsistent subpixel cloud fractions.
First Direct Observational Evidence for Secondary Gravity Waves Generated by Mountain Waves Over the Andes
Authors: Kogure Masaru , Yue Jia , Nakamura Takuji , Hoffmann Lars , Vadas Sharon L. , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Ejiri Mitsumu K. , Janches Diego 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA mountain wave with a significant brightness temperature amplitude and ~500 km horizontal wavelength was observed over the Andes on 24–25 July 2017 in Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)/Aqua satellite data. In the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA‐2), reanalysis data, the intense eastward wind flowed over the Andes. Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)/Suomi‐NPP (National Polar‐orbiting Partnership) did not detect the mountain waves; however, it observed concentric ring‐like waves in the nightglow emissions at ~87 km with ~100 km wavelengths on the same night over and leeward of the Southern Andes. A ray tracing analysis showed that the mountain waves propagated to the east of the Andes, where concentric ring‐like waves appeared above a region of mountain wave breaking. Therefore, the concentric ring‐like waves were likely secondary waves generated by momentum deposition that accompanied mountain wave breaking. These results provide the first direct evidence for secondary gravity waves generated by momentum deposition.
Magnetic Field Imaging of Salt Structures at Nordkapp Basin, Barents Sea
Authors: Paoletti V. , Milano M. , Baniamerian J. , Fedi M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show that high‐resolution aeromagnetic surveys, although rarely employed in the research of salt structures, may be an effective and low‐cost tool for mapping diapirism. A multiscale analysis of a high‐resolution magnetic data set at Nordkapp Basin in the Barents Sea, allows a clear reconstruction of the main salt diapirs of the basin using Multiridge and Compact Depth from Extreme Points methods. We provide a 3‐D model of the diapirs extended from 500 to 4,000 m below sea level, characterized by a general low magnetization contrast no larger than −0.08 A/m. The 3‐D model is consistent with the salt top depth estimated by 2‐D seismics, with borehole data and with the 2‐D gravity model of the Uranus diapir. Our imaging shows the capability of the magnetic method that gives new and comprehensive pictures of salt diapirism.