bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oviposition and refractory periods of the small water strider Microvelia horvathi (Heteroptera: Veliidae) after a single mating event
Authors: Matsushima Ryosuke , Ohba Shin‐ya , Yokoi Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultiple mating can be costly, but also beneficial for females. When the costs outweigh the benefits, mated females can be reluctant to remate for some time. Conversely, females will be likely to remate when they need to replenish sperm and/or receive nutrients contained in the accessory ejaculate substances. Water striders have been commonly used in mating studies as many show a vigorous struggle between the sexes. Generally, water strider females frequently mate with many males and lay many eggs during mating period. However, little is known about their oviposition and refractory periods after an initial mating event. In this study, we revealed that single‐mated females of the small water strider, Microvelia horvathi, could lay eggs for 40 days, reflecting approximately half of their potential oviposition periods. It suggested that M. horvathi females do not need to mate to replenish sperm for some time once they mate. Our results also showed that no female remated after 1 or 3 days of an initial mating event. The proportion of female remating increased with time after the initial mating, however, remating levels reached 26.7% even after 14 days. In this sense, any significant cost of mating outweighs the benefit, which might be one of the factors lowering their remating levels.
Developing an approach to assess farmer perceptions of the value of pasture assessment technologies
Authors: Eastwood Callum , Dela Rue Brian , Kerslake Joanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMeasurement and monitoring of pasture have been identified as foundations for profitable and sustainable grazing systems. The value that farmers place on pasture assessment in feed management is difficult to ascertain and has seen limited research. The objectives of this study were to test a survey to quantify the perceived value of pasture assessment and identify key criteria for design of pasture assessment technologies. An online survey methodology was piloted with 44 New Zealand farmers to assess perceptions of actual and great grazing management outcomes, good and great pasture assessment, and the value associated with moving from good to great pasture assessment. Results highlighted that many farmers perceive a small potential for improvements in their current pasture performance, whereas industry‐level studies suggest that this is not the case. We found limitations with farmers linking better pasture management performance with eventual improvements in milk production. There were anomalies with assessing current and potential improved pasture performance through this type of survey methodology, with many farmers claiming very high levels of current performance, and some rating themselves as performing at more than 100% of potential. This research highlights that pasture assessment technology designers need to be aware of the high expectations of farmers regarding performance, for example measurement accuracy and data timeliness. Over, or under, specification of technology for specific tasks, such as daily allocation of pasture at a herd level, may lead to farmer dissatisfaction around costs of technology, return on investment, and if the technology is fit‐for‐purpose.
Network meta‐analysis of post‐exposure prophylaxis randomized clinical trials
Authors: Fernández I , de Lazzari E. , Inciarte A. , Diaz‐Brito V. , Milinkovic A. , Arenas‐Pinto A. , Etcheverrry F. , García F. , Leal L ,   the HIV‐PEP Group
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesWe performed a network meta‐analysis of PEP randomized clinical trials to evaluate the best regimen.MethodsAfter MEDLINE/Pubmed search, studies were included if: (1) were randomized, (2) comparing at least 2 PEP three‐drug regimens and, (3) reported completion rates or discontinuation at 28 days. Five studies with 1105 PEP initiations were included and compared ritonavir‐boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) vs. atazanavir (ATV) (one study), cobicistat‐boosted elvitegravir (EVG/c) (one study), raltegravir (RAL) (one study) or maraviroc (MVC) (two studies). We estimated the probability of each treatment of being the best based on the evaluation of five outcomes: PEP non‐completion at day 28, PEP discontinuation due to adverse events, PEP switching due to any cause, lost to follow‐up and adverse events.ResultsParticipants were mostly men who have sex with men (n = 832, 75%) with non‐occupational exposure to HIV (89.86%). Four‐hundred fifty‐four (41%) participants failed to complete their PEP course for any reason. The Odds Ratio (OR) for PEP non‐completion at day 28 in each antiretroviral compared to LPV/r was: ATV 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.56; EVG/c: OR 0.65 95% CI 0.30–1.37; RAL: OR 0.68 95% CI 0.41–1.13; and MVC: OR 0.69 95% CI 0.47–1.01. In addition, the rankogram showed that EVG/c had the highest probability of being the best treatment for the lowest rates in PEP non‐completion at day 28, switching, lost to follow‐up or adverse events and MVC for PEP discontinuations due to adverse events.ConclusionsOur study shows the advantages of integrase inhibitors when used as PEP, particularly EVG as a Single‐Tablet Regimen.
Physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of flours and starches from taro cultivated in different regions of Thailand
Authors: Wongsagonsup Rungtiwa , Nateelerdpaisan Thanupong , Gross Chayapon , Suphantharika Manop , Belur Prasanna D. , Agoo Esperanza Maribel G. , Janairo Jose Isagani Belen 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis research aimed to study physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of flours and starches from taro cultivated in different regions of Thailand, that is, Kanchanaburi (KB), Chiang Mai (CM), Phetchaburi (PB) and Saraburi (SB). Taro starches were extracted from taro flours using either water or alkaline extraction. The taro flours had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) larger particle size, higher pasting and gelatinisation temperatures, and resistant starch content but lower total starch content, whiteness (L* value), paste viscosities and clarity than their corresponding extracted starches. All the taro starches exhibited polygonal and irregular granules and gave A‐type X‐ray diffraction pattern. The alkaline‐extracted taro starches had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher extraction yield, total starch content, L* value, pasting and gelatinisation temperatures, and paste clarity but lower granular size, amylose content, resistant starch content, paste viscosities and relative crystallinity than their water‐extracted counterparts.
Fatty acid profiles of vegetable oils from four different plant sources and their effects on dough rheology and Chinese steamed bread quality
Authors: Zhang Tingjing , Guan Erqi , Yang Yuling , Liu Fang , Zhang Lili , Pang Jinyue , Bian Ke 
Published: October 2020

SummaryFatty acids (FAs) of soya bean oil (SO), corn oil (CO), peanut oil (PO), and rapeseed oil (RO) and their effects on dough rheology and Chinese steamed bread (CSB) quality were elucidated. PO, containing the most appropriate proportions of saturated (12.73%) and unsaturated (87.27%) FAs, had the most positive effects, conferring dough with an optimal viscosity and elasticity ratio, springiness, and recovery capacity. Concomitantly, the resultant CSB exhibited a nearly 15% larger specific volume, 33% softer texture, 5% lower mean cell area, 104% higher cell density, and 91% enhanced cell‐to‐total area ratio than control bread with commercial shortening. Furthermore, PO contained an optimal ω‐6/ω‐3 essential FA ratio of 6.28 for health benefits. For these reasons, PO could serve as a potential improver for CSB production to replace commercial shortening and compensate for essential nutrient deficiencies.
Using serological measures to estimate influenza incidence in the presence of secular trends in exposure and immuno‐modulation of antibody response
Authors: Quandelacy Talia M. , Cummings Derek A. T. , Jiang Chao Qiang , Yang Bingyi , Kwok Kin On , Dai Byran , Shen Ruiyin , Read Jonathan M. , Zhu Huachen , Guan Yi , Riley Steven , Lessler Justin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza infection is often measured by a fourfold antibody titer increase over an influenza season (ie seroconversion). However, this approach may fail when influenza seasons are less distinct as it does not account for transient effects from recent infections.Here, we present a method to determine seroconversion for non‐paired sera, adjusting for changes in individuals’ antibody titers to influenza due to the transient impact of recent exposures, varied sampling times, and laboratory processes.MethodsWe applied our method using data for five H3N2 strains collected from 942 individuals, aged 2‐90 years, during the first two study visits of the Fluscape cohort study (2009‐2012) in Guangzhou, China.ResultsAfter adjustment, apparent seroconversion rates for non‐circulating strains decreased while we observed a 20% increase in seroconversion rates to recently circulating strains. When examining seroconversion to the most recently circulating strain (A/Brisbane/20/2007) in our study, participants aged under 18, and over 64 had the highest seroconversion rates compared to other age groups.ConclusionsOur results highlight the need for improved methods when using antibody titers as an endpoint in settings where there is no clear influenza “off” season. Methods, like those presented here, that use titers from circulating and non‐circulating strains may be key.
China’s social security response to COVID‐19: Wider lessons learnt for social security’s contribution to social cohesion and inclusive economic development
Authors: Qian Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChina has adopted an array of special social security measures in response to the spread of the COVID‐19 virus, to mitigate the downside social and economic impacts caused by the pandemic. Measures include the reduction, exemption and deferral of social security contributions by employers, the extension of benefits coverage for employees, and the provision of more accessible e‐services by social insurance agencies. The article points out that a preliminary assessment of those measures would suggest that they have played a key role in supporting social cohesion and in stabilizing the economy. In a critical manner, the article compares the measures adopted in China with those of other countries, and identifies how China could learn from international practice and experience. Finally, and based on recent Chinese experience, the article presents proposals that seek to improve the longer‐term contribution made by the Chinese social security system to realize the goals of social cohesion and inclusive economic development. As set out in China’s Social Insurance Law of 2010, the social security system should not only support a fair sharing of benefits of development, but also promote social harmony and stability.
Water adsorption on silica and calcium‐boroaluminosilicate glass surfaces—Thickness and hydrogen bonding of water layer
Authors: Lin Yen‐Ting , Smith Nicholas J. , Banerjee Joy , Agnello Gabriel , Manley Robert G. , Walczak Wanda J. , Kim Seong H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdsorption isotherm of water on silica (modeled with fused quartz) and calcium‐boroaluminosilicate (Ca‐BAS) glass surfaces as a function of relative humidity (RH) was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effective thickness of the adsorbed water layer and the distribution of hydrogen bonding interactions of water molecules in the adsorbed layer were determined by comparing the transmission FTIR spectra collected at the Brewster incidence angle with the theoretically calculated spectra. In the sub‐monolayer regime (<30% RH), differences between the water spectra on fused quartz and Ca‐BAS glass could be related to the areal density of hydroxyl groups as well as the elemental composition of the surface determined with x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the transition regime (30%–60% RH), multilayers start growing and the difference between the fused quartz and Ca‐BAS surfaces diminishes as the humidity increases. In the multilayer regime (>60% RH), the total amount as well as the hydrogen bonding interactions of adsorbed water layers become insensitive to the surface chemistry and are governed mostly by the phase transition (vapor condensation) behavior. Overall, this study reveals how the water layer thickness and structure on the multicomponent silicate glass surface in ambient conditions are different from those on the pure silica surface.
Role of miR‐218‐GREM1 axis in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma: An in vivo and vitro study based on microarray data
Authors: Wang Yanpeng , Jiang Yifeng , Chen Long 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent cancer that develops in the head and neck area and has high annual mortality despite optimal treatment. microRNA‐218 (miR‐218) is a tumour inhibiting non‐coding RNA that has been reported to suppress the cell proliferation and invasion in various cancers. Thus, our study aims to determine the mechanism underlying the inhibitory role of miR‐218 in OSCC. We conducted a bioinformatics analysis to screen differentially expressed genes in OSCC and their potential upstream miRNAs. After collection of surgical OSCC tissues, we detected GREM1 expression by immunohistochemistry, RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis, and miR‐218 expression by RT‐qPCR. The target relationship between miR‐218 and GREM1 was assessed by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. After loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments, OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined by MTT assay, scratch test and Transwell assay, respectively. Expression of TGF‐β1, Smad4, p21, E‐cadherin, Vimentin and Snail was measured by RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis. Finally, effects of miR‐218 and GREM1 on tumour formation and liver metastasis were evaluated in xenograft tumour‐bearing nude mice. GREM1 was up‐regulated, and miR‐218 was down‐regulated in OSCC tissues, and GREM1 was confirmed to be the target gene of miR‐218. Furthermore, after up‐regulating miR‐218 or silencing GREM1, OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were reduced. In addition, expression of TGF‐β signalling pathway‐related genes was diminished by overexpressing miR‐218 or down‐regulating GREM1. Finally, up‐regulated miR‐218 or down‐regulated GREM1 reduced tumour growth and liver metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that the overexpression of miR‐218 may inhibit OSCC progression by inactivating the GREM1‐dependent TGF‐β signalling pathway.
T cell–derived exosomes induced macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α/β drive the trafficking of CD8+ T cells in oral lichen planus
Authors: Yang Jing‐Ya , Zhang Jing , Lu Rui , Tan Ya‐Qin , Du Ge‐Fei , Zhou Gang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell–mediated chronic inflammatory disease with uncertain aetiology. Exosomes are nanosized particles with biological capacities. Here, we aimed to study the effects of T cell–derived exosomes (T‐exos) on the pathogenesis of OLP and its mechanism. T‐exos were incubated with Jurkat cells for 48 hours, and 26 cytokines in the supernatant were measured by luminex assay. The expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α/β was detected using immunohistochemistry and ELISA; that of CCR1/3/5 on peripheral T cells was determined by flow cytometry. Transwell assay was performed to investigate the chemotactic effect of MIP‐1α/β, and cells in the lower chambers were examinated by flow cytometry. As a result, OLP T‐exos elevated the production of MIP‐1α/β, which were highly expressed in OLP tissues and plasma. CCR1/5 were markedly expressed on OLP peripheral T cells, and the majority of CCR1/5+ T cells were CD8+ T cells. Besides, MIP‐1α/β promoted the migration of OLP mononuclear cells, while inhibiting CCR1/5 significantly decreased the trafficking of mononuclear cells, especially that of CD8+ T cells. Conclusively, OLP T‐exos‐induced MIP‐1α/β may drive the trafficking of CD8+ T cells after binding with CCR1/5 in OLP, contributing to the development of OLP.
The long‐term association between social activity, cognitive function and life satisfaction in Korean older adults: Analyzing 10 years of data using multivariate latent growth modeling
Authors: Bae Sung‐Man , Kim Jae‐Hyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to verify the long‐term effect between social activity, cognitive function and life satisfaction in Korean older adults after adjusting for gender, age, and education. In addition, we test the mediating impact of cognitive function on the relationship between social activity and life satisfaction.MethodsThis study used the data from Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging survey, which was conducted biennially from 2006 to 2016. Data of 4,164 adults aged 65 years and older (mean age = 73.0 years) were analyzed with multivariate latent growth modeling.ResultsResults indicate that increases in social activity were related to increases in cognitive function and life satisfaction. Increases in cognitive function were associated with increases in life satisfaction. Finally, social activity indirectly impacted life satisfaction through cognitive function.ConclusionResults suggest that efforts to maintain social activity and cognitive function are needed to improve life satisfaction in older adults.
Correlates of Reproductive Coercion among College Women in Abusive Relationships
Authors: Grace Karen Trister , Perrin Nancy A. , Clough Amber , Miller Elizabeth , Glass Nancy E. 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionReproductive coercion (RC) describes coercive and controlling behaviors that interfere with a woman's autonomous reproductive health decision‐making. College aged (18‐24 years) women are known to experience the highest prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence, and RC may be an important facet of such violence exposure, with significant impact on reproductive health and well‐being. The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of RC among a sample of college women in abusive relationships.MethodsThis study examines baseline data from a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of an interactive safety decision aid app (myPlan) designed to assist IPV survivors. Three hundred and fifty‐four women‐identified college students aged 18 to 24 years in Oregon or Maryland who reported a recent history of IPV were enrolled. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, and frequencies) were used to describe the characteristics of the sample. Chi square and t‐tests were used to examine differences between those who had and had not experienced RC on risk factors and covariates. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the relationship between RC and depression.ResultsOne‐fourth (24.3%) of the sample reported RC. Associated factors included races other than white (P = .019), relationship instability (P = .022), missing class due to relationship problems (P = .001), IPV severity (P<.001), technology abuse (P<.001), traumatic brain injury‐associated events (P<.001), and depression (P = 0.024).DiscussionRC may be an indicator that a young woman is experiencing more severe violence and is at risk for severe sequelae such as traumatic brain injury. RC remained a significant predictor of depression after adjusting for severity of IPV, which indicates that RC is independently associated with depression. This finding has important implications for midwives working with college‐aged women, regarding the need for depression screening and referral to mental health services concurrent with providing services related to IPV and RC. A larger proportion of women who experienced RC sought help from a health care provider for contraception, which indicates an important opportunity for midwives to intervene when women are experiencing RC.
Exploring Experiences of Structural Racism and its Influence on Maternal and Child Health
Authors: Bower Kelly , Robinson Kelley , Alexander Kamila , Weber Brielle , Hough Keyona , Summers Amber 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionSystematic racism and racial discrimination have been proposed as significant risk factors that contribute to health disparities in maternal and child health outcomes for African American families. There is evidence to suggest that racism is associated with poor birth outcomes. Most studies have examined the role of interpersonal racism, whereas few explore the role of systemic racism. Additionally, few studies have examined the mechanisms by which systemic racism impacts health from the perspective of those affected. This study explored the systems and aspects of structural racism affecting racial inequities in birth outcomes in Baltimore City.ResultsIn this qualitative study, we conducted 3 focus groups with Baltimore City residents (n = 20) and 2 focus groups with maternal, infant, and early childhood home visiting program staff (n = 18). Participants were asked to identify and unpack the systems external to the community that create the current realities of racial inequities in birth outcomes in Baltimore City. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify themes.MethodsA variety of systems were identified as playing a role in the health of pregnant and postpartum people and infants including: medical, justice, government, neighborhood environment, schools, and commercial/retail. For most systems, racism was described as acting by way of: the quality and availability of goods and services; bias, stereotyping, and racial profiling; and power imbalance. Within the health care system, participants commonly reported experiencing disrespectful medical care and described the ways in which it impacts their health.DiscussionMidwives, nurses, and other health care professionals have a role to play in undoing systemic racism. Understanding the sources and mechanisms by which systemic racism affects the lives of childbearing families is foundational to that work.