bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ban of Off-Net/On-Net Price Discrimination in Chile†
Authors: Agostini Claudio A , Willington Manuel , Saavedra Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chilean antitrust authorities banned termination-based price discrimination in mobile calls in 2012. This paper discusses the antitrust process that led to this prohibition and analyzes its merits. We characterize the discriminatory plans that the largest mobile company in Chile—Movistar—offered in 2010, when the legal dispute began, calibrate a competition model for the Chilean market—both for pre- and post-paid customers—and compare the observed price differentials with those which are justifiable on competitive grounds. The main result is that in most plans, efficiency and strategic reasons could explain the observed differential only for large call externality parameter values. We also discuss Competition Court rulings in the context of several other changes that affected the mobile telephony market in Chile and report the evolution of several key market indicators after the ban was introduced.
G107.0+9.0: a new large optically bright, radio, and X-Ray faint galactic supernova remnant in Cepheus
Authors: Fesen Robert A , Weil Kathryn E , Raymond John C , Huet Laurent , Rusterholz Martin , di Cicco Dennis , Mittelman David , Walker Sean , Drechsler Marcel , Faworski Sheldon 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Wide-field H α images of the Galactic plane have revealed a new supernova remnant (SNR) nearly 3 deg in diameter centred at l = 107.0, b = +9.0. Deep and higher resolution H α and [O iii] 5007 Å images show dozens of H α filaments along the remnant’s northern, western, and southwestern limbs, but few [O iii] bright filaments. The nebula is well detected in the H α Virginia Tech Spectral-Line Survey images, with many of its brighter filaments even visible on Digital Sky Survey images. Low-dispersion spectra of several filaments show either Balmer dominated, non-radiative filaments, or the more common SNR radiative filaments with [S II]/H α ratios above 0.5, consistent with shock-heated line emission. Emission line ratios suggest shock velocities ranging from ≤70 km s−1 along its western limb to ≃ 100 km s−1 along its northwestern boundary. While no associated X-ray emission is seen in ROSAT images, faint 1420 MHz radio emission appears coincident with its western and northern limbs. Based on an analysis of the remnant’s spatially resolved H α and [O iii] emissions, we estimate the remnant’s distance at ∼1.5−2.0 kpc implying a physically large (dia. = 75−100 pc) and old (90−110 × 103 yr) SNR in its post-Sedov radiative phase of evolution expanding into a low-density interstellar medium (n0 = 0.05−0.2 cm−3) and lying some 250−300 pc above the Galactic plane.
Environmental correlates of distribution across spatial scales in the intertidal gastropods Littoraria and Echinolittorina of the Indian coastline
Authors: Bharti D K , Shanker Kartik 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Marine habitats are a mosaic of environmental conditions, which can limit species distributions despite the high dispersal potential offered by ocean currents. Periwinkle snails from the genera Littoraria and Echinolittorina disperse using planktotrophic larvae and have wide ranges in the Indo-Pacific, but patchy local distributions along the Indian coastline. To understand the environmental drivers of distribution in these intertidal snails, we used species distribution models executed in Maxent at both coastline and ocean basin scales. We obtained location information from primary and secondary sources, and used environmental predictors related to species survival, growth and reproduction spanning terrestrial and marine realms. Explanatory environmental variables broadly corresponded between scales, with maximum sea surface salinity and tidal range being common factors across species differing in their dispersal potential and habitat specificity. The Indian coastline exhibits a steep salinity and tidal range gradient, which may influence adult or larval survival through desiccation stress. In contrast to global-scale studies, temperature and productivity rarely emerged as important at the Indian coastline scale, indicating that variation along other environmental axes can drive distribution patterns at smaller spatial scales and within tropical coastlines. The results from our study provide specific hypotheses related to species-environment relationships that can be tested using field experiments to understand the drivers of species range along the Indian coastline.
Enhancing site-specific DNA integration by a Cas9 nuclease fused with a DNA donor-binding domain
Authors: Ma Shufeng , Wang Xinlong , Hu Yongfei , Lv Jie , Liu Chengfang , Liao Kaitong , Guo Xiaohua , Wang Dong , Lin Ying , Rong Zhili 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas system is widely used for genome editing. However, robust and targeted insertion of a DNA segment remains a challenge. Here, we present a fusion nuclease (Cas9-N57) to enhance site-specific DNA integration via a fused DNA binding domain of Sleeping Beauty transposase to tether the DNA segment to the Cas9/sgRNA complex. The insertion was unidirectional and specific, and DNA fragments up to 12 kb in length were successfully integrated. As a test of the system, Cas9-N57 mediated the insertion of a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CD19-CAR) cassette into the AAVS1 locus in human T cells, and induced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in mice by simultaneously mediating the insertion of oncogenic KrasG12D into the Rosa26 locus and disrupting Trp53 and Pten. Moreover, the nuclease-N57 fusion proteins based on AsCpf1 (AsCas12a) and CjCas9 exhibited similar activity. These findings demonstrate that CRISPR-associated nuclease-N57 protein fusion is a powerful tool for targeted DNA insertion and holds great potential for gene therapy applications.
A high-throughput alpha particle irradiation system for monitoring DNA damage repair, genome instability and screening in human cell and yeast model systems
Authors: Stanley Fintan K T , Berger N Daniel , Pearson Dustin D , Danforth John M , Morrison Hali , Johnston James E , Warnock Tyler S , Brenner Darren R , Chan Jennifer A , Pierce Greg , Cobb Jennifer A , Ploquin Nicolas P , Goodarzi Aaron A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIonizing radiation (IR) is environmentally prevalent and, depending on dose and linear energy transfer (LET), can elicit serious health effects by damaging DNA. Relative to low LET photon radiation (X-rays, gamma rays), higher LET particle radiation produces more disease causing, complex DNA damage that is substantially more challenging to resolve quickly or accurately. Despite the majority of human lifetime IR exposure involving long-term, repetitive, low doses of high LET alpha particles (e.g. radon gas inhalation), technological limitations to deliver alpha particles in the laboratory conveniently, repeatedly, over a prolonged period, in low doses and in an affordable, high-throughput manner have constrained DNA damage and repair research on this topic. To resolve this, we developed an inexpensive, high capacity, 96-well plate-compatible alpha particle irradiator capable of delivering adjustable, low mGy/s particle radiation doses in multiple model systems and on the benchtop of a standard laboratory. The system enables monitoring alpha particle effects on DNA damage repair and signalling, genome stability pathways, oxidative stress, cell cycle phase distribution, cell viability and clonogenic survival using numerous microscopy-based and physical techniques. Most importantly, this method is foundational for high-throughput genetic screening and small molecule testing in mammalian and yeast cells.
Programmable cross-ribosome-binding sites to fine-tune the dynamic range of transcription factor-based biosensor
Authors: Ding Nana , Yuan Zhenqi , Zhang Xiaojuan , Chen Jing , Zhou Shenghu , Deng Yu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Currently, predictive translation tuning of regulatory elements to the desired output of transcription factor (TF)-based biosensors remains a challenge. The gene expression of a biosensor system must exhibit appropriate translation intensity, which is controlled by the ribosome-binding site (RBS), to achieve fine-tuning of its dynamic range (i.e. fold change in gene expression between the presence and absence of inducer) by adjusting the translation level of the TF and reporter. However, existing TF-based biosensors generally suffer from unpredictable dynamic range. Here, we elucidated the connections and partial mechanisms between RBS, translation level, protein folding and dynamic range, and presented a design platform that predictably tuned the dynamic range of biosensors based on deep learning of large datasets cross-RBSs (cRBSs). In doing so, a library containing 7053 designed cRBSs was divided into five sub-libraries through fluorescence-activated cell sorting to establish a classification model based on convolutional neural network in deep learning. Finally, the present work exhibited a powerful platform to enable predictable translation tuning of RBS to the dynamic range of biosensors.
Bleeding tendency and ascorbic acid requirements: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Hujoel Philippe P , Kato Tomotaka , Hujoel Isabel A , Hujoel Margaux L A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextThe World Health Organization set the recommended daily vitamin C intake, henceforth referred to as ascorbic acid (AA), on the basis of scurvy prevention. Double-blind AA depletion-repletion studies suggest that this recommended AA dose may be too low to prevent microvascular fragility.Objectives(1) To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials on whether AA supplementation leads to a reduced gingival bleeding tendency, a manifestation of microvascular fragility; and (2) to relate AA plasma levels to retinal hemorrhaging, another manifestation of microvascular fragility.Data sourcesData were reviewed from 15 trials conducted in 6 countries with 1140 predominantly healthy participants with measures of gingival bleeding tendency, and from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III of 8210 US residents with measures of retinal hemorrhaging.ResultsIn clinical trials, AA supplementation reduced gingival bleeding tendency when estimated baseline AA plasma levels were &lt; 28 μmol/L (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.83; 95%CI, −1.16 to −0.49; P &lt; 0.002). Supplementation with AA did not unequivocally reduce gingival bleeding tendency when baseline estimated AA plasma levels were &gt;48  μmol/L or unknown (respective standardized mean differences: −0.23, 95%CI, −0.45 to −0.01, P &lt; 0.05; and −0.56; 95%CI: −1.19 to 0.06, P &lt; 0.08). In NHANES III, prevalence of both retinal hemorrhaging and gingival bleeding tendency increased when AA plasma levels were within the range that protects against scurvy (11–28 μmol/L; respective prevalence ratios adjusted for age and sex: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.22–1.77; and 1.64; 95%CI: 1.32–2.03; P &lt; 0.001 for both).ConclusionConsistent evidence from controlled clinical trials indicates that setting human AA requirements based on scurvy prevention leads to AA plasma levels that may be too low to prevent an increased gingival bleeding tendency. Gingival bleeding tendency and retinal hemorrhaging coincide with low AA plasma levels and thus may be reflective of a systemic microvascular pathology that is reversible with an increased daily AA intake.
Use of ICD-10 Codes for Identification of Injection Drug Use–Associated Infective Endocarditis Is Nonspecific and Obscures Critical Findings on Impact of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Marks Laura R , Nolan Nathanial S , Jiang Linda , Muthulingam Dharushana , Liang Stephen Y , Durkin Michael J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
No International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), diagnosis code exists for injection drug use–associated infective endocarditis (IDU-IE). Instead, public health researchers regularly use combinations of nonspecific ICD-10 codes to identify IDU-IE; however, the accuracy of these codes has not been evaluated.

Methods
We compared commonly used ICD-10 diagnosis codes for IDU-IE with a prospectively collected patient cohort diagnosed with IDU-IE at Barnes-Jewish Hospital to determine the accuracy of ICD-10 diagnosis codes used in IDU-IE research.

Results
ICD-10 diagnosis codes historically used to identify IDU-IE were inaccurate, missing 36.0% and misclassifying 56.4% of patients prospectively identified in this cohort. Use of these nonspecific ICD-10 diagnosis codes resulted in substantial biases against the benefit of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with relation to both AMA discharge and all-cause mortality. Specifically, when data from all patients with ICD-10 code combinations suggestive of IDU-IE were used, MOUD was associated with an increased risk of AMA discharge (relative risk [RR], 1.12; 95% CI, 0.48–2.64). In contrast, when only patients confirmed by chart review as having IDU-IE were analyzed, MOUD was protective (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.19–1.22). Use of MOUD was associated with a protective effect in time to all-cause mortality in Kaplan-Meier analysis only when confirmed IDU-IE cases were analyzed (P = .007).

Conclusions
Studies using nonspecific ICD-10 diagnosis codes for IDU-IE should be interpreted with caution. In the setting of an ongoing overdose crisis and a syndemic of infectious complications, a specific ICD-10 diagnosis code for IDU-IE is urgently needed.
A Cys2/His2 Zinc Finger Protein Acts as a Repressor of the Green Revolution GeneSD1/OsGA20ox2in Rice (Oryza sativaL.)
Authors: Duan Min , Ke Xiao-Juan , Lan Hong-Xia , Yuan Xi , Huang Peng , Xu En-Shun , Gao Xiu-Ying , Wang Ru-Qin , Tang Hai-Juan , Zhang Hong-Sheng , Huang Ji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGibberellins (GAs) play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. The green revolution gene SD1 encoding gibberellin 20-oxidase 2 (GA20ox2) has been widely used in modern rice breeding. However, the molecular mechanism of how SD1/OsGA20ox2 expression is regulated remains unclear. Here, we report a Cys2/His2 zinc finger protein ZFP207 acting as a transcriptional repressor of OsGA20ox2. ZFP207 was mainly accumulated in young tissues and more specifically in culm nodes. ZFP207-overexpression (ZFP207OE) plants displayed semidwarfism phenotype and small grains by modulating cell length. RNA interference of ZFP207 caused increased plant height and grain length. The application of exogenous GA3 could rescue the semidwarf phenotype of ZFP207OE rice seedlings. Moreover, ZFP207 repressed the expression of OsGA20ox2 via binding to its promoter region. Taken together, ZFP207 acts as a transcriptional repressor of SD1/OsGA20ox2 and it may play a critical role in plant growth and development in rice through the fine-tuning of GA biosynthesis .
A comparison of physical function instruments in psoriatic arthritis: HAQ-DI vs MDHAQ vs PROMIS10 global physical health
Authors: Wan Marilyn T , Walsh Jessica A , Craig Ethan T , Husni M Elaine , Scher Jose U , Reddy Soumya M , Leung Ying-Ying , Ogdie Alexis  
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Physical function is a core outcome in PsA. We examined the construct validity and responsiveness of three commonly used instruments to assess physical function in PsA: HAQ disability index (HAQ-DI), MultiDimensional HAQ (MDHAQ) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Global-10.

Methods
Between 2016 and 2019, patients with PsA were enrolled in the Psoriatic Arthritis Research Consortium longitudinal cohort study in the USA. Correlations were calculated at baseline and among change scores using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Standardized response means were calculated. Agreement with the 20% improvement cut-off was used to determine the potential effect of using MDHAQ or the PROMIS Global-10 physical health (GPH) subscore in place of HAQ-DI when assessing the ACR20.

Results
A total of 274 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of patients was 49 years and 51% were male. At baseline, the mean HAQ-DI was 0.6 (s.d. 0.6; range 0–3), the mean MDHAQ was 1.8 (s.d. 1.6; range 0–10) and the mean GPH T-score was 43.4 (s.d. 9.3; range 0–100). All three instruments were strongly correlated at baseline (rho 0.75–0.85). Change scores were moderately correlated (rho 0.42–0.71). Among therapy initiators, the mean change between two visits in HAQ-DI, MDHAQ and GPH was −0.1 (s.d. 0.4), −0.2 (s.d. 1.2) and 2.5 (s.d. 6.1), respectively. The standardized response means were 0.18, 0.16 and 0.41, respectively.

Conclusion
The three instruments tested are not directly interchangeable but have overall similar levels of responsiveness.
STUDIES OF RADON LEVELS, RADIUM CONCENTRATION, AND ESTIMATED EFFECTIVE DOSE IN DWELLINGS AND SOILS IN GOLD MINING TOWNS IN ABIREM OF EASTERN REGION OF GHANA
Authors: Otoo F , Arhin I , Darko E O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Studies have been carried in 126 dwellings for indoor radon levels and 43 soil samples for radium and radon exhalation rate of Abirem communities in Eastern region of Ghana. The measurements were done using CR-39 and HPGe techniques. Indoor radon and mean concentration ranged from 23.8 to 125.7 Bq/m3, 54.7 ± 23.7 Bq/m3. Bedroom, kitchen, and sitting varied from 30.8 to 125.7 Bq/m3, 23.8–63.9 Bq/m3 and 23.8 to 58.4 Bq/m3. Strong and weak Pearson correlation were found between radium and radon in soil, radium and indoor radon concentration. Radium concentration and mean were found to be varied from 19.5 to 38.9 Bq/kg, 29.0 ± 16.0 Bq/kg. The radon exhalation rate and mean in soil were also found to be varied from 21.3 to 112.1 μBq/m2h, 65.1 ± 27.6 μBq/m2h. Indoor radon values and radium concentration in dwellings and soil recorded 8% and 38%, respectively, more than action proposed by WHO and UNSCEAR 2000. The estimated annual effective doses and cancer risk were less than the average values recommended by UNSCEAR and ICRP.
Development of Executive Functions as Reflected in Daily Life Behaviors in Young Adults at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: Associations With Symptoms and Functioning
Authors: Glenthøj Louise Birkedal , Hjorthøj Carsten , Kristensen Tina Dam , Wenneberg Christina , Nordentoft Merete , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There is a paucity of evidence on executive functions (EF) as reflected in daily life behaviors in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. This prospective follow-up study investigated the 1-year development in EF in UHR compared to healthy controls (HC) and how this change may relate to change in severity of clinical symptoms, social communication, and functioning. UHR (N = 132) and HC (N = 66) were assessed with the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult version (BRIEF-A) self and informant report at baseline and 12 months follow-up comprising the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) and the Metacognition Index (MI). Additionally, data on depressive-, negative-, and attenuated psychotic symptoms and everyday social functioning were collected. The study found UHR to display large baseline impairments in EF in real life on both self- and informant reports. UHR and HC showed a significantly different development of EF over time, with UHR displaying greater improvements in EF compared to HC. Change in clinical symptoms did not relate to improvements in EF, except for depressive symptoms negatively associating with the development of the MI. Improvements on the BRI and MI were significantly associated with improvements in social functioning. Findings suggest the potential of UHR individuals displaying a larger ongoing maturational development of daily life EF than HC that seems predominantly independent of development of clinical symptoms. If replicated, this supports a maturational trajectory of daily life EF in UHR that approaches, but do not reach, the level of HC and may indicate a window of opportunity for targeted remediation approaches.
Five-Year Cumulative Exposure to Antipsychotic Medication After First-Episode Psychosis and its Association With 19-Year Outcomes
Authors: Bergström Tomi , Taskila Jyri J , Alakare Birgitta , Köngäs-Saviaro Päivi , Miettunen Jouko , Seikkula Jaakko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The long-term effectiveness of antipsychotic maintenance treatment after first-episode psychosis (FEP) is contested. In this real-world observational study, we examined how cumulative exposure to antipsychotics within the first 5 years from FEP was associated with the 19-year outcome.

Methods
Finnish national registers were used to detect all patients who were hospitalized due to non-affective psychosis in the mid-1990s, and who were treatment naïve prior to the inclusion period (N = 1318). Generalized linear models with logit link function were used to estimate how cumulative exposure to antipsychotics within the first 5 years from onset was associated with mortality, work capability, and the use of psychiatric services at the end of the 19-year follow-up. To adjust for confounding by indication, the primary outcome analyses implemented stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity scores.

Results
Persons with a higher cumulative exposure to antipsychotics within the first 5 years from FEP were more likely to still be receiving antipsychotics (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5−2.8), psychiatric treatment (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1−1.7), and disability allowances (OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.01−1.6) at the end of the 19-year follow-up, as compared to low/zero-exposure. Higher cumulative exposure was also associated with higher mortality (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.1).

Conclusions
After adjustment for confounders, moderate and high cumulative exposure to antipsychotics within the first 5 years from FEP was consistently associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes during the 19-year follow-up, as compared to low or zero exposure. Due to potential unmeasured confounding, controlled trials are needed.