bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some chicken strains under high ambient temperatures
Authors: Abuoghaba Ahmed Abdel‐Kareem , Ezzat Waheed , Rizk Ahmed Mohamed , Qurtam Ashraf Ahmed , El‐Sayed Osama Abdullah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis experiment was designed to investigate and compare the egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some local developed Egyptian chicken strains under high ambient temperatures. A total of 108 (26 weeks old) laying hens of Matrouh, Silver Montazah, Mandarah and Inshas (9 hens × 3 replicates × 4 strains) were used to evaluate the impact of thermal stress (24‐34ºC) during summer season (June, July and August) on egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses. The obtained results revealed that final body weight (FBW/g) and body weight change (BWC/g) among different chicken strains were not affected. The daily feed consumption (FC/g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The mean egg production (EP/%) and egg mass (EM) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The highest percentages of hatchability of total eggs (HTE) and fertile eggs (HFE) were recorded in Inshas chickens, while the lowest value was recorded in Mandarah chickens. Also, the highest embryonic mortalities (p ≤ .05) and lowest chick weight at hatch (CWH/g) were recorded in Mandarah chickens compared with the other strains. The highest values for antibody titres against phytohemagglutinin‐P (PHA‐P) were recorded in Mandarah chickens, while the least values were recorded in Inshas chickens.
Genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers reveal population structure and dispersal direction of an expanding nuisance algal bloom species
Authors: Rengefors Karin , Gollnisch Raphael , Sassenhagen Ingrid , Härnström Aloisi Karolina , Svensson Marie , Lebret Karen , Čertnerová Dora , Cresko William A. , Bassham Susan , Ahrén Dag 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpecies invasion and range expansion are currently under scrutiny due to increasing anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. This is also true for harmful algal blooms, which have been reported to have increased in frequency. However, this research is challenging due to the ephemeral nature, small size and mostly low concentrations of microalgae in the environment. One such species is the nuisance microalga Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae), which has increased in occurrence in northern Europe in recent decades. The question of whether the species has expanded its habitat range or if it was already present in the lakes but was too rare to be detected remains unanswered. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic structure and dispersal pathways of G. semen using RAD (restriction‐site‐associated DNA) tag sequencing. For G. semen, which has a huge genome (32 Gbp), we faced particular challenges, but were nevertheless able to recover over 1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms at high coverage. Our data revealed a distinct population genetic structure, demonstrating a divide of western and eastern populations that probably represent different lineages. Despite significant genetic differentiation among lakes, we found only limited isolation‐by‐distance. While we had expected a pattern of recent expansion northwards, the data demonstrated gene flow from the northeast/east towards the southwest/west. This genetic signature suggests that the observed gene flow may be due to dispersal by autumn migratory birds, which act as dispersal vectors of resistant resting propagules that form at the end of the G. semen blooms.
‘I found myself a despicable being!’: Medical students face disturbing moral dilemmas
Authors: Ribeiro Diego Lima , Costa Marcos , Helmich Esther , Jaarsma Debbie , de Carvalho‐Filho Marco Antonio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContextThe psychological realm of medical students' moral experiences is explored tangentially in medical education literature, often in the context of ethics or professionalism education. This study deepens our understanding by (a) investigating the nature of moral dilemmas experienced at the onset of clinical practice, (b) exploring students' emotional response to these dilemmas, and (c) examining how students perceive the influence of these dilemmas on their professional development.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional qualitative study carried out in 2017 that applied thematic template analysis to individual interviews performed with last‐year medical students. The interviews followed the drawing of a Rich Picture representing moral dilemmas experienced by medical students at the onset of clinical practice.ResultsMoral dilemmas have four intertwined dimensions. The first relates to students' struggle to prioritise, balance and apply conflicting moral values; the second comprises the clash between students' inner motivation and the external constraints that limit the moral action; the third refers to the conflict between students' current attitudes with the desired/idealised attitudes of the doctor they intend to become; and the fourth corresponds to weighting conflicting ethical principles during the moral decision. Students' emotional responses are intense and long‐lasting, and with a remarkable residue effect, particularly when the moral decision does not align with their moral beliefs. Moral dilemmas are impactful experiences that affect the professional development of medical students and can culminate in both detachment and growth in moral courage.ConclusionMoral dilemmas are memorable, complex and emotionally intense experiences that impact the professional development of medical students. Understanding students' moral dilemmas can help educators to devise pedagogical activities to anticipate and reflect on these experiences. These activities should happen under the guidance of a non‐judgemental facilitator, capable of listening and legitimating students' thoughts and feelings while providing insights to nurture their professional development.
A systematic review of healthcare professionals' core competency instruments
Authors: Yaqoob Mohammed Al Jabri Fatma , Kvist Tarja , Azimirad Mina , Turunen Hannele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile technical and profession‐specific competencies are paramount in the delivery of healthcare services, the cross‐cutting core competencies of healthcare professionals play an important role in healthcare transformation, innovation, and the integration of roles. This systematic review describes the characteristics and psychometric properties of existing instruments for assessing healthcare professionals' core competencies in clinical settings. It was guided by the JBI methodology and used the COSMIN checklist (Mokkink et al., User manual, 2018, 78, 1) to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. A database search (CINAHL, Scopus, and PubMed) and additional manual search were undertaken for peer‐reviewed papers with abstracts, published in English between 2008 and 2019. The search identified nine studies that were included in the synthesis demonstrating core competencies in professionalism, ethical and legal issues, research and evidence‐based practice, personal and professional development, teamwork and collaboration, leadership and management, and patient‐centered care. Few instruments addressed competencies in quality improvement, safety, communication, or health information technology. The findings demonstrate the reviewed tools' validity and reliability and pave the way for a comprehensive evaluation and assessment of core competencies into clinical practice.
Comparative study of three composite materials in bonding attachments for clear aligners
Authors: Chen Wener , Qian Liwen , Qian Yufen , Zhang Zhechen , Wen Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the operation time, shear bond strength, placement accuracy and wear resistance of 3 composite materials (Filtek Z350XT, Filtek Z350XT Flowable and SonicFill) that were used to make attachments for clear aligners.Settings and sample populationLaboratory of Stomatology of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. A total of 129 human mandibular premolars were collected, 69 of which were assigned to 3 groups (A1, B1 and C1). The remaining 60 teeth were divided into 3 groups (A2, B2 and C2).MethodsZ350XT composite resin was used in groups A1 and A2 to bond the attachments. Z350XT Flowable composite resin was used in groups B1 and B2. SonicFill composite resin was used in groups C1 and C2. The operation time, shear bond strength, the placement accuracy and wear volume loss of 3 composite materials were evaluated.ResultsThe operation time of Z350XT Flowable and SonicFill was shorter than Z350XT (P < .05). The shear bond strength of SonicFill was higher than Z350XT and Z350XT Flowable (P < .05). The SEM showed that the bonding interface of Z350XT and SonicFill was compact. The 3D deviation and volumetric change in the 3D designed attachments and the attachments after actual bonding of Z350XT Flowable were greater than that of Z350XT and SonicFill (P < .05). The wear volume loss of SonicFill and Z350XT was less than that of Z350XT Flowable (P < .05).ConclusionSonicFill seems to represent a suitable material for producing attachments, which optimized the property combination.
Helicobacter pylori and other factors in recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mazzoleni Daniel Schebela , Mazzoleni Felipe , Mazzoleni Luiz Edmundo , Francesconi Carlos Fernando de Magalhães , Milbradt Tobias Cancian , Uchoa Diego Mendonça , Birnfeld Heitor Ribeiro , Andrighetto Luiza Vitelo , Ries Sacha Allebrandt da Silva , Simon Daniel , Talley Nicholas Joseph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the role of Helicobacter pylori and other risk factors in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).MethodsPatients with functional dyspepsia responded to questionnaires regarding demographic and clinical data, anxiety and depression, and a specific RAS questionnaire. They underwent upper digestive endoscopy and H. pylori evaluation.Results476 patients were included and of the 372 evaluated for H. pylori, 65.6% were H. pylori‐positive. RAS was reported by 32.6% (155/476). In the bivariate analysis of the 372 patients evaluated for gastric H. pylori status, positive subjects had a lower RAS prevalence (29.9%; 73/244) than H. pylori‐negative (41.4%; 53/128) (p = .026). Smoking (p = .005) and older age (p = .034) were also associated with a lower prevalence, while female gender (p = .032) and lower income (p = .046) presented higher RAS prevalence. In the multivariate analysis, H. pylori infection (p = .017), smoking (p = .001), and older age (p = .013) were protective factors, while lower income (p = .030) and anxiety (p = .042) were risk factors. In the multivariate analysis of all patients, female gender, lower income, and more schooling years were risk factors.ConclusionsAn unexpected lower prevalence of RAS was found in H. pylori‐positive patients. Smoking, sex, age, income, education, and anxiety were associated with RAS.
The fatal consequence of inappropriate therapy in a single VF zone primary prevention defibrillator
Authors: Griffiths Samuel , Behar Jonathan M. , Lascelles Karen , Wong Tom 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report a case of inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy due to single ventricular fibrillation (VF) zone programming leading to patient death. A remote transmission was received from a patient with a cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator showing sinus tachycardia in the VF detection zone initiating inappropriate shocks and resulting in shock refractory VF. This case report highlights the importance of manufacturer specific ICD programming. In devices without discrimination in the VF zone, a higher rate single VF detection zone and/or addition of a ventricular tachycardia zone with supraventricular tachycardia discrimination should be considered.
Root positioning and trait shifts in Hibbertia racemosa as dependent on its neighbour's nutrient‐acquisition strategy
Authors: de Britto Costa Patrícia , Staudinger Christiana , Veneklaas Erik J. , Oliveira Rafael S. , Lambers Hans 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNutrient‐poor ecosystems globally exhibit high plant diversity. One mechanism enabling the co‐existence of species in such ecosystems is facilitation among plants with contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies. The ecophysiological processes underlying these interactions remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that root positioning plays a role between sympatric species in nutrient‐poor vegetation. We investigated how the growth traits of the focal mycorrhizal non‐cluster‐rooted Hibbertia racemosa change when grown in proximity of non‐mycorrhizal Banksia attenuata, which produces cluster roots that increase nutrient availability, compared with growth with conspecifics. Focal plants were placed in the centre of rhizoboxes, and biomass allocation, root system architecture, specific root length (SRL), and leaf nutrient concentration were assessed. When grown with B. attenuata, focal plants decreased root investment, increased root growth towards B. attenuata, and positioned their roots near B. attenuata cluster roots. SRL was greater, and the degree of localized root investment correlated positively with B. attenuata cluster‐root biomass. Total nutrient contents in the focal individuals were greater when grown with B. attenuata. Focal plants directed their root growth towards the putatively facilitating neighbour's cluster roots, modifying root traits and investment. Preferential root positioning and root morphological traits play important roles in positive plant–plant interactions.
How Tryptophan Oxidation Arises by “Dark” Photoreactions from Chemiexcited Triplet Acetone
Authors: O’Connor Ryan M. , Greer Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDioxetane intermediates readily decompose to chemiluminescent triplet carbonyls, giving rise to what has been paradoxically called photochemistry in the dark. In this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology, Bechara et al. report on mechanistic advances in such a reaction. With the use of horseradish peroxidase for isobutyraldehyde‐derived triplet acetone, light emission from acetone and singlet oxygen can be quenched. The experiments reveal that the reaction depends on oxygen and the amino acid. The analysis reveals that free tryptophan is a target of this form of “carbonyl stress,” with the efficient formation of mono‐, bi‐ and tricyclic compounds (N‐formylkynurenine, indoline, 1λ2‐indole and 3H‐indoles).
6‐Nitro‐Quinazolin−4(3H)−one Exhibits Photodynamic Effects and Photodegrades Human Melanoma Cell Lines. A Study on the Photoreactivity of Simple Quinazolin−4(3H)−ones
Authors: Panagopoulos Anastasios , Balalas Thomas , Mitrakas Achilleas , Vrazas Vassilios , Katsani Katerina R. , Koumbis Alexandros E. , Koukourakis Michael I. , Litinas Konstantinos E. , Fylaktakidou Konstantina C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotochemo and photodynamic therapies are minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of cancers and powerful weapons for competing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Synthetic and naturally occurring quinazolinones are considered privileged anticancer and antibacterial agents, with several of them to have emerged as commercially available drugs. In the present study, applying a single‐step green microwave irradiation mediated protocol we have synthesized eleven quinazolinon−4(3H)−ones, from cheap readily available anthranilic acids, in very good yields and purity. These products were irradiated in the presence of pBR322 plasmid DNA under UVB, UVA and visible light. Four of the compounds proved to be very effective DNA photocleavers, at low concentrations, being time and concentration dependent as well as pH independent. Participation of reactive oxygen species was related to the substitution of quinazolinone derivatives. 6‐Nitro‐quinazolinone in combination with UVA irradiation was found to be in vitro photodestructive for three cell lines; glioblastoma (U87MG and T98G) and mainly melanoma (A−375). Thus, certain appropriately substituted quinazolinones may serve as new lead photosensitizers for the development of promising biotechnological applications and as novel photochemo and photodynamic therapeutics.
Oropharyngeal candidiasis outcomes in renal transplant recipients receiving nystatin versus no antifungal prophylaxis
Authors: Ky Trung Q. , Park Jeong M. , McMurry Katie A. , Tischer Sarah M. , Fitzgerald Linda J. , Cotiguala Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OC), or thrush, in renal transplant recipients receiving nystatin versus no antifungal prophylaxis.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective, non‐inferiority study of adult renal transplant recipients (RTRs) who received nystatin for 30 days for OC prophylaxis (nystatin group) or no antifungal prophylaxis therapy (No PPX group). The primary outcome was the incidence of OC within 3 months post‐transplant. Secondary outcomes included time to OC occurrence and severity of OC. The pre‐specified non‐inferiority margin was 10%.ResultsThe incidence of OC within 3 months post‐transplant among 257 RTRs was 7.8% (10/128) in the No PPX group and 4.7% (6/129) RTRs in the nystatin group, a risk difference of 3.2% (95% CI, −2.7% to 9.1%, non‐inferiority P = .04). The median time to OC was 7.5 days (IQR 6.3‐34.3 days) in the nystatin group and 9.5 days (IQR 5.3‐30.5 days) in the No PPX group (P = .64). Esophageal candidiasis was observed in 10% (1/10) of RTRs with OC in the No PPX group compared to 16.7% (1/6) RTRs in the nystatin group (P = 1.00). All RTRs with OC achieved symptom resolution with fluconazole and/or nystatin. Two patients in the No PPX group required readmission for decreased oral intake, and OC was diagnosed and treated during their hospital day.ConclusionsIn this retrospective study of adult RTRs, the absence of antifungal prophylaxis demonstrated non‐inferiority to 30‐day nystatin prophylaxis at reducing the incidence of OC within 3 months of transplant. OC prophylaxis may not be warranted after renal transplant.
Surgical Applications of Compliant Mechanisms: A Review
Authors: Thomas Theodosia Lourdes , Kalpathy Venkiteswaran Venkatasubramanian , Ananthasuresh G. K. , Misra Sarthak 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrent surgical devices are mostly rigid and are made of stiff materials, even though their predominant use is on soft and wet tissues. With the emergence of compliant mechanisms (CMs), surgical tools can be designed to be flexible and made using soft materials. CMs offer many advantages such as monolithic fabrication, high precision, no wear, no friction, and no need for lubrication. It is therefore beneficial to consolidate the developments in this field and point to challenges ahead. With this objective, in this article, we review the application of CMs to surgical interventions. The scope of the review covers five aspects that are important in the development of surgical devices: (i) conceptual design and synthesis, (ii) analysis, (iii) materials, (iv) manufacturing, and (v) actuation. Furthermore, the surgical applications of CMs are assessed by classification into five major groups, namely, (i) grasping and cutting, (ii) reachability and steerability, (iii) transmission, (iv) sensing, and (v) implants and deployable devices. The scope and prospects of surgical devices using CMs are also discussed.
A Methodology for Computed Tomography-Based Non-Destructive Geometrical Evaluations of Lattice Structures by Holistic Strut Measurement Approach
Authors: Rathore Jitendra Singh , Mang Chetra , Vienne Caroline , Quinsat Yann , Tournier Christophe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The presence of lattice structures is increasing in the manufacturing domain especially in the air/spacecraft and biomedical applications due to their advantages of high strength-to-weight ratios, energy absorption, acoustic and vibrational damping, etc. Dimensional accuracy of a lattice structure is one of the most important requirements to meet the desired functionality as there could be significant deviations in the as-produced part from the designed one. Evidently, an approach (non-destructive) to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of all the elements and eventually the lattice quality is of great significance. X-ray computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a promising solution in the field of industrial quality control over the last few years due to its non-destructive approach. In this work, we propose a methodology for geometrical evaluations of a lattice structure by measuring the deviation in the shape and size of its strut elements holistically. The acquired CT data of the complete lattice are extracted in the form of a point cloud and then segmented and stored as a single strut element with unique identification so that measurements can be performed on the strut individually. As demonstrated with a metallic BCCz-type lattice structure, the methodology helps in critical evaluation of its quality and the correlation with spatial position of the individual struts; e.g., the lattice exhibits large variations of shape among the inclined struts while the vertical struts possess consistency in their shape.
The Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Elastomers Used in Tooling for Composites Manufacturing
Authors: Rizzolo Robert , Walczyk Daniel , Montoney Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This technical brief discusses material degradation issues and potential remedies related to advanced thermoset composites manufacturing using a new out-of-autoclave consolidation and curing process called Electron Beam processing with Specialized Elastomeric Tooling for Resin Infusion (EB-SETRI). To provide context, the design process for EB-SETRI tooling based on finite element structural analysis and Monte Carlo simulations of EB attenuation within tooling materials is briefly described. Of particular interest in this paper is the elastomeric mask, since it exhibits significant changes in mechanical properties based on prior work. Methods: Samples of five different silicone blends (four different durometers and two different catalysts) and one urethane (elastomeric mask materials of choice) were irradiated by an EB source with 3.0-MeV maximum power to simulate the conditions experienced by EB-SETRI tooling during processing. Changes in surface hardness and compression modulus were measured using ASTM D575 and D2240 as a function of dosage. Results: Urethane embrittles and becomes unusable even at low dosages, whereas silicone generally hardens to a maximum level at higher dosages, presumably due to increased crosslinking density, and stiffens (modulus increases) linearly. The embrittlement of silicone is shown to be a result of the EB irradiation and not due to a temperature increase from energy absorption. Conclusions: Changes in elastomer mechanical properties confound process performance as a result, and several concepts for dealing with these changes are suggested. Although the experimental focus is on EB-SETRI, results apply to any manufacturing process that combines the use of EB irradiation and elastomers.