bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonorthogonal multiple access systems optimization to ensure maximum fairness to users
Authors: Jacob Jaime L. , Abrão Taufik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, the optimization of power proportion allocated for each user in the downlink (DL) nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems have been developed. Successive interference cancellation technique recovers users' signal with high difference between channel gains, to find the lowest optimum power proportion required to guarantee an equal data rate for all active users. Following the same approach, the optimum power proportion for each user and also the minimum total power to achieve the same rate for all users (maximum fairness) were obtained as a design goal. Moreover, the same design methodology was developed seeking to maximize the NOMA system energy efficiency (EE). It was possible to find the maximum EE point and the respective power distribution among the users for a certain circuitry power consumption. For all NOMA users, in which the optimal operation point for EE maximization was parameterized, it was possible to find the total power, power ratio, and the equal rate values. As a result, one can find the trade‐off point between EE and sum rate for each system scenario, as well as the best resource efficiency operation point. By considering the same rate for all users, the system attains maximum fairness among the users.
Fabrication of fullerene decorated by iron compound and its effect on the thermal stability and flammability for high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Guo Zhenghong , Pan Yanqun , Guo Ruifeng , Fang Zhengping 
Published: February 2020

SummaryFullerene decorated by iron compound (C60‐Fe) is fabricated via solution reaction and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Upon incorporating C60‐Fe into high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix by melt blending, the thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability of HDPE are considerably increased, the oxidative induction time (OIT) is dramatically extend. When the concentration of C60‐Fe reached 5 wt%, the onset degradation temperature in air increased from 352°C to 422°C, and the OIT dramatically delayed from 4.5 to 47.8 minutes. Moreover, from microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), C60‐Fe can reduce the peak heat release rate (PHRR), heat release capacity (HRC), and total heat release (THR) values of the composites, all of which are very important parameters for evaluating the fire retardancy of a polymeric material.
When is informed trading more prevalent?—An examination of options trading around Indian M&A announcements
Authors: Mohil Soniya , Nayyar Reena , Patro Archana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study examines the prevalence of informed trading around proximate‐date versus far‐date mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Further, different options strategies pursued by informed traders in proximate‐date M&As are identified. The results highlight that proximate‐date M&As are associated with a significantly higher level of informed trading vis‐à‐vis far‐date M&As. Results on the choice of options strategies highlight that risk‐averse, informed traders may pursue a straddle strategy to profit from their private information, while risk‐seeking, informed traders may use a vertical call spread strategy. Informed traders desirous of hedging their existing positions may employ a protective put strategy.
Medical marijuana and workers' compensation claiming
Authors: Ghimire Keshar M. , Maclean Johanna Catherine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the effect of state medical marijuana laws (MMLs) on workers' compensation (WC) claiming among adults. Medical marijuana is plausibly related to WC claiming by allowing improved symptom management, and thus reduced need for the benefit, among injured or ill workers. We use data on claiming drawn from the Annual Social and Economic supplement to the Current Population Survey over the period 1989 to 2012, coupled with a differences‐in‐differences design to provide the first evidence on this relationship. Our estimates show that, post MML, WC claiming declines, both the propensity to claim and the level of income from WC. These findings suggest that medical marijuana can allow workers to better manage symptoms associated with workplace injuries and illnesses and, in turn, reduce need for WC. However, the reductions in WC claiming post MML are very modest in size.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A SEASONAL FURROW IRRIGATION MODEL (SFIM)
Authors: Ghobadi Mahboobe , Ebrahimian Hamed , Abbasi Fariborz , Norouzi Sarem 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIf furrow irrigation is properly designed and implemented, this method would be one of the best surface irrigation systems. To achieve high irrigation efficiency and uniformity in surface irrigation, the use of simulation models is inevitable. The purpose of this study was to develop a seasonal furrow irrigation model to simulate the whole irrigation season (every irrigation event). The model called ‘SFIM’ was developed using the FORTRAN programming language. SFIM consists of four sub‐models to simulate surface flow, subsurface flow, crop yield, water productivity and irrigation evaluation indices. Three data sets of furrow irrigation for maize crop production in the Alborz Province of Iran (College of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Seed and Plant Improvement Institute farms) were used for evaluation of the proposed model. Average relative error of the model ranged from 11.5 to 17.2%, 7.5 to 11.3% and 6.8 to 9.0% in estimating infiltrated water volume, crop yield and water productivity, respectively. The model could also well simulate temporal soil moisture variations and water stress in the root zone. As a consequence, the SFIM model could successfully simulate all irrigation events during the maize‐growing season. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β-Catenin Preserves the Stem State of Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Through Activation of EZH2
Authors: Sen Buer , Paradise Christopher R , Xie Zhihui , Sankaran Jeyantt , Uzer Gunes , Styner Maya , Meyer Mark , Dudakovic Amel , van Wijnen Andre J , Rubin Janet 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
During bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) differentiation, both Wnt signaling and the development of a rigid cytoskeleton promote commitment to the osteoblastic over adipogenic lineage. β-catenin plays a critical role in the Wnt signaling pathway to facilitate downstream effects on gene expression. We show that β-catenin was additive with cytoskeletal signals to prevent adipogenesis, and β-catenin knockdown promoted adipogenesis even when the actin cytoskeleton was depolymerized. β-catenin also prevented osteoblast commitment in a cytoskeletal-independent manner, with β-catenin knockdown enhancing lineage commitment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing demonstrated binding of β-catenin to the promoter of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a key component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) complex that catalyzes histone methylation. Knockdown of β-catenin reduced EZH2 protein levels and decreased methylated histone 3 (H3K27me3) at osteogenic loci. Further, when EZH2 was inhibited, β-catenin's anti-differentiation effects were lost. These results indicate that regulating EZH2 activity is key to β-catenin's effects on BMSCs to preserve multipotentiality. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Diabetic animal fed with high‐fat diet prevents the protective effect of myocardial ischemic preconditioning effect in isolated rat heart perfusion model
Authors: Ansari Mahalakshmi , Kurian Gino A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiabetic heart (diabetes mellitus [DM]) has been shown to attenuate the beneficial effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in rat heart. But the effect of IPC on diabetic rat heart that develops myopathy remains unclear. This study was designed to test the impact of IPC on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) rat heart. Male Wistar rats were grouped as (a) normal, (b) DM (streptozotocin: 65 mg/kg; fed with normal diet), and (c) DCM (streptozotocin: 65 mg/kg; fed with high‐fat diet). Isolated rat hearts from each group were randomly subjected to (a) normal perfusion, (b) ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R), and (c) IPC procedure. At the end of the perfusion experiments, hearts were analyzed for injury, contractile function, mitochondrial activity, and oxidative stress. The results obtained from hemodynamics, cardiac injury markers, and caspase‐3 activity showed that DCM rat displayed prominent I/R‐associated cardiac abnormalities than DM rat heart. But the deteriorated physiological performance and cardiac injury were not recovered in both DM and DCM heart by IPC procedure. Unlike normal rat heart, IPC did not reverse mitochondrial dysfunction (determined by electron transport chain enzymes activity, ATP level, and membrane integrity, expression levels of genes like PGC‐1ɑ, GSK3β, complex I, II, and V) in DCM and DM rat heart. The present study demonstrated that IPC failed to protect I/R‐challenged DCM rat heart, and the underlying pathology was associated with deteriorated mitochondrial function.
Spin‐inversion mechanisms in O2 binding to a model heme complex revisited by density function theory calculations
Authors: Saito Kohei , Watabe Yuya , Fujihara Takashi , Takayanagi Toshiyuki , Hasegawa Jun‐ya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpin‐inversion mechanisms in O2 binding to a model heme complex, consisting of Fe(II)‐porphyrin and imidazole, were investigated using density‐functional theory calculations. First, we applied the recently proposed mixed‐spin Hamiltonian method to locate spin‐inversion structures between different total spin multiplicities. Nine spin‐inversion structures were successfully optimized for the singlet–triplet, singlet–quintet, triplet–quintet, and quintet–septet spin‐inversion processes. We found that the singlet–triplet spin‐inversion points are located around the potential energy surface region at short Fe–O distances, whereas the singlet–quintet and quintet–septet spin‐inversion points are located at longer Fe–O distances. This suggests that both narrow and broad crossing models play roles in O2 binding to the Fe‐porphyrin complex. To further understand spin‐inversion mechanisms, we performed on‐the‐fly Born‐Oppenheimer molecular dynamics calculations. The reaction coordinates, which are correlated to the spin‐inversion dynamics between different spin multiplicities, are also discussed.
Ellagic acid protects ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in mice by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption
Authors: Lin Xixi , Yuan Guixin , Li Zhaoning , Zhou Mengyu , Hu Xianghua , Song Fangming , Shao Siyuan , Fu Fangsheng , Zhao Jinmin , Xu Jiake , Liu Qian , Feng Haotian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis is a devastating disease that features reduced bone quantity and microstructure, which causes fragility fracture and increases mortality, especially in the aged population. Due to the long‐term side‐effects of current drugs for osteoporosis, it is of importance to find other safe and effective medications. Ellagic acid (EA) is a phenolic compound found in nut galls, plant extracts, and fruits, and exhibits antioxidant and antineoplastic effects. Here, we showed that EA attenuated the formation and function of osteoclast dose‐dependently. The underlying mechanism was further discovered by western blot, immunofluorescence assay, and luciferase assay, which elucidated that EA suppressed osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption mainly through attenuating receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) ligand‐induced NF‐κB activation and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathways, accompanied by decreased protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T‐cells calcineurin‐dependent 1 and c‐Fos. Moreover, EA inhibits osteoclast marker genes expression including Dc‐stamp, Ctsk, Atp6v0d2, and Acp5. Intriguingly, we also found that EA treatment could significantly protect ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in vivo. Conclusively, this study suggested that EA might have the therapeutic potentiality for preventing or treating osteoporosis.
Oleanolic acid mitigates interleukin‐1β‐induced chondrocyte dysfunction by regulating miR‐148‐3p‐modulated FGF2 expression
Authors: Li Yuanli , Nie Junlan , Jiang Ping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundmicroRNA (miR)‐mediated post‐transcriptional repression has been reported in the process of chondrocyte dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying in oleanolic acid (OLA)‐prevented interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced chondrocyte dysfunction via the miR‐148‐3p/fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) signaling pathway.MethodsCandidate miRs were filtrated using miR microarray assays in chondrocytes with or without IL‐1β stimulation. Gene expression of candidate miRs and protein expression of FGF2 were analyzed using a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Cell growth was evaluated using cell counting kit‐8 assays. Cell apoptosis was detected using Annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate double staining.ResultsTreatment with OLA counteracted IL‐1β‐evoked chondrocyte growth inhibition, apoptosis, caspase3 production, and release of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine. Additionally, FGF2 protein expression levels elevated by IL‐1β were down‐regulated by OLA and transfection with miR‐148‐3p mimics. IL‐1β‐induced down‐regulation of miR‐148‐3p in chondrocytes was evaluated by OLA administration. Bioinformatics algorithms and experimental measurements indicated that FGF2 might be a direct target of miR‐148‐3p. miR‐148‐3p mimics exhibited equal authenticity of OLA to protect against IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte dysfunction.ConclusionsOur present findings highlight a protective effect of OLA on IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte dysfunction, and a novel signal cascade comprising the miR‐148‐3p/FGF2 signaling pathway might be a potential therapeutic target of OLA with respect to preventing the progression of osteoarthritis.
Changes of temperature and precipitation extremes in a typical arid and semiarid zone: Observations and multi‐model ensemble projections
Authors: Zhao Cuiping , Gong Jiaguo , Wang Hao , Wei Sujuan , Song Qiang , Zhou Yuyan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe spatiotemporal changes of temperature and precipitation extremes in a typical arid and semiarid zone (Gansu Province, China) were investigated, including the latest observations (1960–2016) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX‐GDDP) dataset that provides statistically downscaled Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) future climate projections (2017–2099) based on the Mann–Kendall test, linear regression, 5‐year smoothed average and Bayesian model average (BMA) methods. The results show the following: (a) Apart from a slight decrease of diurnal temperature range (DTR), other temperature extreme indices presented significant trends over 1960–2016. Annual regional nighttime temperature increased at a faster rate than daytime temperature. In the seasonal series, cool nights (TN10p) and cool days (TX10p) showed significant decreases and warm nights (TN90p) and warm days (TX90p) significantly increased in all seasons. (b) Precipitation extreme indices showed decreasing trends, except for the max 1‐day precipitation (RX1DAY) and simple daily intensity index (SDII) with a weaker coherence of spatial patterns. From the perspective of spatial characteristics, the western area had an increasing trend of total precipitation while the east had a significant decreasing trend. In the seasonal series, a significant increase of RX1DAY and the max 5‐day precipitation (RX5DAY) was found in winter, as compared with spring, summer and autumn. (c) Positive trends in warm indices (i.e., summer days, tropical days, warm nights and warm days) and negative trends in cold indices (i.e., frost days, ice days, cool nights and cool days) can be observed in the 21st century. A slightly decreasing consecutive dry days (CDD), together with obviously increasing heavy precipitation days (R10), extremely wet days (R99p), RX5DAY and SDII, suggests more extreme precipitation for 2017–2099. The results are of practical use in improving regional strategies for water resources and eco‐environment management, especially for arid and semiarid regions.
Development of Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver Disease and Other Adverse Effects in Neonates Receiving SMOFlipid or Intralipid
Authors: Stramara Lindsey , Hernandez Lela , Bloom Barry T. , Durham Christopher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) are a risk factor for parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease (PNALD) in the neonatal population. Current literature supports the use of SMOFlipid (4‐oil ILE), a fish oil–containing lipid emulsion, for the reversal of PNALD. However, there is little information about the use of 4‐oil ILEs for preventing PNALD. The purpose of this study is to examine the safety of a 4‐oil ILE in neonates and its effectiveness in preventing PNALD among neonates compared with Intralipid (a soybean‐oil, SO‐ILE).MethodsThis is an observational, cohort, comparative safety study, conducted in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. Participants include neonates who received a 4‐oil ILE in their parenteral nutrition (PN) formula, who were matched with historical data of patients who received an SO‐ILE, in a 1:3 fashion (4‐oil ILE:SO‐ILE). The primary outcome of this study is the presence of PNALD (defined as direct bilirubin > 2 mg/dL) after initiation of PN.ResultsA total of 1332 participants (333 4‐oil ILE vs 999 SO‐ILE) were included in the data analysis, and PNALD was found to occur in 1.8% of patients in the 4‐oil ILE group and 3.6% of patients in the SO‐ILE group (Relative risk (RR) 0.5; 95% CI, 0.21–1.18).ConclusionThe decrease in the incidence of PNALD among the 4‐oil ILE group compared with the SO‐ILE group indicates a 4‐oil ILE may have a hepatoprotective effect.
Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Two Methods of Measuring Insertion Length of Nasogastric Tubes in Newborns
Authors: Dias Flávia de Souza Barbosa , Jales Rodrigo Menezes , Alvares Beatriz Regina , Caldas Jamil Pedro de Siqueira , Carmona Elenice Valentim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe selection of a method for measuring the insertion length of nasogastric tubes in newborns is an important factor in establishing the safe use of this device.ObjectiveThe objective was to verify whether there is a difference in the proportion of correctly placed nasogastric tubes when using the nose, earlobe, mid‐umbilicus (NEMU) method and the weight‐based equation for measuring the insertion length.MethodsThis study is a randomized, controlled, blinded study comparing 2 methods of nasogastric insertion at a neonatal unit, with intensive and intermediate care, on 162 randomized individuals. Radiological assessment and pH test were conducted to verify tube placement. Data were collected on sex, birth weight, gestational age, and days of life. A log‐binomial model was used to verify whether there were placement differences between investigated methods.ResultsOf the patients, 56.1% were male, who had a mean birth weight of 1886.8 g and gestational age of 32.9 weeks and were 10.8 days old. Radiological images demonstrated that tubes were properly placed in the gastric body in 67.5% of patients using the NEMU method and in 91.5% using the weight‐based equation: the weight‐based equation was superior to the NEMU method, with a prevalence ratio of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.15–1.44). There was no difference between the 2 methods, according to pH test (P‐value: .7179).ConclusionBased on radiographic confirmation, the weight‐based equation for measuring the insertion length of the nasogastric tube in newborns resulted in significantly more nasogastric tubes being placed in the correct intragastric location.
Chronic Critical Illness Patients Fail to Respond to Current Evidence‐Based Intensive Care Nutrition Secondarily to Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolic Syndrome
Authors: Rosenthal Martin D. , Bala Trina , Wang Zhongkai , Loftus Tyler , Moore Frederick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSepsis‐induced multiple‐organ failure (MOF) has plagued surgical intensive care units (ICUs) for decades. Early nutrition (principally enteral) improves hospital outcomes of high‐risk ICU patients. The purpose of this study is to document how the growing epidemic of chronic critical illness (CCI) patients responds to adequate evidence‐based ICU nutrition.MethodsThis retrospective post hoc subgroup analysis of an ongoing sepsis database identified 56 CCI patients who received early, adequate nutrition per an established surgical ICU protocol compared with 112 matched rapid‐recovery (RAP) patients.ResultsThe matched CCI and RAP groups had similar baseline characteristics. Serial biomarkers showed that CCI patients remained persistently inflamed with ongoing stress metabolism and that despite receiving evidence‐based protocol nutrition, they had persistent catabolism and immunosuppression with more secondary infections. More CCI patients were discharged to poor nonhome destinations (ie, skilled nursing facilities, long‐term acute care, hospice) (81% vs 29%, P < 0.05). At 12‐month follow‐up, CCI patients had worse functional status by Zubrod score (3.17 vs 1.62, P < 0.001) and Short Physical Battery Testing (4.78 vs 8.59, P < 0.02), worse health‐related quality of life by EQ‐5D‐3L descriptive measures (9.07 vs 7.45, P < 0.003), and lower survival (67% vs 92%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsDespite early, adequate, evidence‐based ICU nutrition, septic surgical ICU patients who develop CCI exhibit persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism with unacceptable long‐term morbidity and mortality. Although current evidence‐based ICU nutrition may improve short‐term ICU outcomes, novel adjuncts are needed to improve long‐term outcomes for CCI patients.
Clinical Application of Body Composition Methods in Premature Infants
Authors: Nagel Emily , Hickey Marie , Teigen Levi , Kuchnia Adam , Curran Kent , Soumekh Lisa , Earthman Carrie , Demerath Ellen , Ramel Sara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMonitoring whole body composition (fat mass and fat‐free mass) in preterm infants may assist in optimizing nutrition and promoting growth and neurodevelopment in the neonatal intensive care unit. Currently, body composition assessment is not part of routine clinical evaluation of premature infants. Instead, weight and length are used to assess growth but are known to be poor predictors of adiposity shortly after birth. Although body composition methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, stable‐isotope dilution, and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, have been examined in infants, they involve exposure to radiation and are invasive, expensive, and/or unsuitable for repeated measurements in a medically fragile population. Several body composition methods with potential for clinical use have been explored in premature infants, including air displacement plethysmography, bioimpedance, skinfold measurements, and ultrasound. In this review, we examine each method and evaluate its feasibility for incorporation into clinical care. Although these methods show promise for use in premature infants, further research is needed before they can be recommended for routine body composition assessment in the clinical setting.