bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classwide Extensions of Vocabulary Intervention Improve Learning of Academic Vocabulary by Preschoolers
Authors: Seven Yagmur , Hull Katharine , Madsen Keri , Ferron John , Peters-Sanders Lindsey , Soto Xigrid , Kelley Elizabeth S. , Goldstein Howard 
Published: December 2019

PurposeMany preschoolers, especially those from low-income households, would benefit from instruction to enrich their vocabulary and language repertoires. Yet, explicit instruction of vocabulary and language skills generally occurs infrequently in early childhood education settings. This study investigated the additive effects of teacher-led, classwide review strategies to a previously studied small-group intervention on children's learning of academic vocabulary.MethodParticipants included 23 children with limited oral language skills at risk for reading difficulties enrolled in single-case experimental designs. Effects of the classroom strategies alone also were examined in 10 children with above-average language abilities from 2 classrooms.ResultsVisual analyses of the adapted alternating treatments designs showed consistent learning improvements when vocabulary instruction was extended into the classroom for 12 children, ceiling effects were evident for 3 participants regardless of condition, and inconsistent or minimal effects were demonstrated by 8 participants. Multilevel modeling used to evaluate the effects statistically revealed strong treatment effects. In addition, the 10 children with above-average language showed impressive learning of vocabulary words from books subject to teacher review strategies in comparison to words from books to which they were not exposed. Teachers varied in the extent to which they implemented review strategies in their classrooms. Nevertheless, their responses to social validity assessments were positive, supporting the feasibility of this intervention.ConclusionsThe addition of classwide review and practice opportunities is an effective means of enhancing the effects of an easy-to-implement small-group intervention that teaches challenging vocabulary words within prerecorded stories. This approach holds promise as a way to shrink the pervasive word gap that typically exists when children in high-poverty communities enter school.
Neurons differentiate magnitude and location of mechanical stimuli
Authors: Gaub Benjamin M. , Kasuba Krishna Chaitanya , Mace Emilie , Strittmatter Tobias , Laskowski Pawel R. , Geissler Sydney A. , Hierlemann Andreas , Fussenegger Martin , Roska Botond , Müller Daniel J. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Our study provides a quantitative and morphological framework for mechanical neuromodulation. We report that mechanical stimuli at subtraumatic forces and pressures can evoke neuronal calcium responses. Cultured cortex and hippocampus neurons respond to both global and local mechanical forces and pressures delivered by shear stress and indentation, respectively, and show either short-lived or sustained responses, depending on the magnitude and location of the applied stimulus. Chemical perturbation experiments suggest that ion channel activity is modulated by forces and pressures acting on neurons. Our insights contribute to the understanding of how neurons respond to mechanical stimuli and may guide future studies to mechanically control neurons by, for example, electromagnetic forces or ultrasound.
Successful management of a mixed hearing loss
Authors: Costa Joana Raquel , Coutinho Miguel Bebiano , Soares Teresa , Almeida e Sousa Cecília 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
Patients with a mixed hearing loss present special challenge. The amplification demands of mixed hearing loss can drive digital hearing aids to their limits and introduce distortion. Bone-anchored devices effectively bypass the conductive component and focus on compensating for the sensorineural component.

Case report:
Four-year-old child with a moderate mixed hearing loss in the right ear and total hearing loss in the left ear, rehabilitated with conventional hearing aids in the right ear. At 17 years old, she developed chronic otitis media and decreased auditory gain. She was proposed to place a direct-drive bone-conduction device (BCD) initially with a BAHA® BP110, however, with insufficient results. Then she placed a BAHA® 5 Super Power, with an excellent adaptation and auditory gain optimization.

Conclusions:
Bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) are relatively expensive devices. Therefore, it is important to assess the quality of life in BAHA users and to identify the group of patients who are likely to derive maximum benefit. We summarize the otologic and audiological criteria applied in the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto for the placement of bone conductive devices in patients with mixed hearing loss. In patients with adequate sensorineural reserve measured by a bone curve of at least 45 dB and unaided speech discrimination score ≥60%, bone-anchored devices with adequate power should be considered. Given the increased output force of the new powerful BAHA and the efficacy of bone conduction, BAHA should be increasingly considered for any patient with a significant mixed hearing loss.
Influence of cobalt addition and calcination temperature on the physical properties of BaFe12O19 hexaferrites nanoparticles
Authors: Rekaby M , Shehabi H , Awad R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nano-scale particles of pure Barium hexaferrite ‘BaFe12O19’ and Cobalt added Barium hexaferrite ‘CoxBaFe12O19’, with x = 0.04, 0.06 and 0.1 wt%, were successfully synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method. The synthesized powder was subjected to different calcination temperatures (T = 850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) clarified that nearly single phase of BaFe12O19 with tiny traces of Fe2O3 phase were obtained when the precursor was calcined at 1050 °C for 2 h. The lattice parameters and unit cell volume were almost unchanged with either Cobalt addition or calcination temperatures. From Debye–Scherrer equation, the crystallite size (D) was found to gradually increase with increasing calcination temperature to reach its maximum values for samples calcined at 1050 °C. The formation of Barium hexaferrite phase was also confirmed from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra through the existence of strong absorption peaks that appeared between 581 cm−1 and 435 cm−1. The morphology and grain size of the samples were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. Optical properties of the samples were studied through ultraviolet ‘UV’ visible spectroscopy. The optical band gap (Eg) of the samples was obtained from Tauc relation as function of Cobalt addition (x) and calcination temperature (T). Finally, the mechanical properties were examined using Vickers microhardness. The microhardness data revealed that the samples exhibited reverse indentation size effect (RISE). The Elastic modulus (E) and yield strength (Y) for the prepared samples were calculated, in accordance with Vickers microhardness, as function of Cobalt addition. Furthermore, the indentation size effect ISE was analyzed using indentation induced cracked model (IIC). The IIC model was found to be a suitable model for describing the microhardness results of the prepared samples. Time dependent Vickers microhardness was done through indentation creep test at different dwell time (t = 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 s) and constant applied loads (F = 0.98, 4.90 and 9.80 N). Results clarified that the specimens revealed grain boundary sliding together with dislocation climbs at small loads and a dislocation creep in the operating creep process for greater loads.
Development and characterization of photodiode from p-Cu2CdSnS4/n-Bi2S3 heterojunction
Authors: Suresh Kumar M , Madhusudanan Sreejith P , Mohanta Kallol , Batabyal Sudip K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Here we investigated the photo response behaviour of p-Cu2CdSnS4 (p-CCTS)/n-Bi2S3 heterojunction photodiode. The solution processed CCTS films without any high temperature sulfurization demonstrated the photo response behaviour, suggesting the material is well suited for low temperature processed photovoltaic applications. A CCTS film was deposited on an ITO coated glass substrate using simple sol-gel based spin coating method. Current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of the p-CCTS/n-Bi2S3 heterojunction photodiode showed a good rectifying behaviour indicating better junction formation between CCTS and Bi2S3 layers. The obtained photocurrent is 4 times higher than that of the dark current. The I–V curves are asymmetric with respect to voltages and the photocurrent in the positive bias region is considerably higher than the corresponding values in the negative bias region. With these results, it is concluded that the CdS material in traditional thin film PV devices can be replaced with Bi2S3 for better transportation of charge carriers in the PN-junction.
Computed tomography angiography findings predict the risk factors for preoperative acute ischaemic stroke in patients with acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Zhao Hongliang , Ma Wanling , Wen Didi , Duan Weixun , Zheng Minwen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a highly dreaded complication of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Knowledge about independent predictors of preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD by computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings.

METHODS
Between October 2014 and March 2017, 281 (217 male; mean age, 50 years) patients with ATAAD underwent aortic CTA and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was used to confirm the results. The clinical data and CTA findings were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence or absence of preoperative AIS.

RESULTS
Preoperative AIS was detected in 103 (36.7%) of the patients with ATAAD. Univariable analysis of the clinical characteristics and CTA findings revealed that age, aortic valve insufficiency (moderate or severe), the ratio of the diameter of the true lumen of the ascending aorta to the diameter of the involved ascending aorta, intimal flap plaque, dissection of the common carotid artery (CCA), the lower density of the unilateral internal carotid artery, the CCA originating from the false lumen and dissection of the subclavian artery were implicated in patients with ATAAD with AIS. Multivariable analysis further showed that aortic valve insufficiency (moderate or severe) [odds ratio (OR) 2.033, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.052–3.931; P = 0.035], 2 CTA findings including the ratio of the diameters (OR 0.074, 95% CI 0.011–0.516; P = 0.009) and dissection of the CCA (OR 2.422, 95% CI 1.389–4.224; P = 0.002) were independent risk predictors for preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD. The lower density in the false lumen, the same enhancement in the true and false lumen with re-entry and the stenosis of the true lumen without re-entry significantly increased the risk of preoperative AIS in CCA dissection.

CONCLUSIONS
Aortic valve insufficiency (moderate or severe), the ratio of the diameters of the true and false lumens and CCA dissection are independent predictors of preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD. The specific carotid and aortic CTA findings may help to predict the risk factors for preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD.

Clinical registration number
20120216-4.
Activity Limitations and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Couples: The Moderating Role of Spousal Care
Authors: Han Sae Hwang , Kim Kyungmin , Burr Jeffrey A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Limitations in performing basic daily activities, as well as spousal caregiving that arises from activity limitations, are important factors that have ramifications for mental health among couples. The objective of this study was to investigate the interplay of these factors by focusing on whether the associations between activity limitations and depressive symptoms among coupled-individuals were moderated by receipt and provision of spousal care.

Methods
Longitudinal household data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004–2014; dyad N = 6,614) were analyzed to estimate within-person associations between one’s own and spousal activity limitations, receipt and provision of spousal care, and depressive symptoms.

Results
Findings showed a consistent link between one’s own activity limitations and depressive symptoms for both spouses, whereas spousal activity limitations were associated with depressive symptoms for wives only. We also found moderating effects of spousal care in the link between one’s own and spousal activity limitations and depressive symptoms.

Discussion
Receipt and provision of activities of daily living-related assistance may contextualize the association between activity limitations and depressive symptoms among older coupled-individuals in a direction that could alleviate or aggravate the risk of depression.
Fertility Impact of Initial Operation Type for Female Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Faye Adam S , Oh Aaron , Kumble Lindsay D , Kiran Ravi P , Wen Timothy , Lawlor Garrett , Lichtiger Simon , Abreu Maria T , Hur Chin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIleal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the mainstay of surgical treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) but is associated with an increased risk of infertility. We developed a simulation model examining the impact of initial surgical procedure on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and fertility end points.MethodsA patient-level state transition model was used to analyze outcomes by surgical approach strategy for females of childbearing age. Initial surgical options included IPAA, rectal-sparing colectomy with end ileostomy (RCEI), and ileorectal anastomosis (IRA). The primary outcome examined was QALYs, whereas secondary outcomes included UC and fertility-associated end points.ResultsIPAA resulted in higher QALYs for patients aged 20–30 years, as compared with RCEI. For patients aged 35 years, RCEI resulted in higher QALYs (7.54 RCEI vs 7.53 IPAA) and was associated with a 28% higher rate of childbirth, a 14-month decrease in time to childbirth, and a 77% reduction in in vitro fertilization utilization. When accounting for the decreased infertility risk associated with laparoscopic IPAA, IPAA resulted in higher QALYs (7.57) even for patients aged 35 years.ConclusionsDespite an increased risk of infertility, our model results suggest that IPAA may be the optimal surgical strategy for female UC patients aged 20–30 years who desire children. For patients aged 35 years, RCEI should additionally be considered, as QALYs for RCEI and IPAA were similar. These quantitative data can be used by patients and providers to help develop an individualized approach to surgical management choice.
Adult Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Community Structure Across Urban–Rural Landscapes in Michigan, United States
Authors: Babcock Nicholas J , Pechal Jennifer L , Benbow M Eric 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Necrophagous insects play an important role in the decomposition of vertebrate carrion. The documented colonization, development, and succession of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and other arthropods on decomposing carcasses make their communities relevant for use in decomposition ecology and forensic investigations. This relevance relies on the local pool of species available to colonize a carcass, but such community level survey data are not always available. The objective of this research was to conduct a baseline survey of adult Calliphoridae communities from urban–rural land use types in the Great Lakes region. To test how adult blow fly distribution varies with changing landscape in Mid-Michigan, sampling with baited jars and hanging traps was implemented over the summer months of June, July, and August 2017. To determine how blow fly communities differed in urban to rural land cover, seven cities were selected with site locations ranging from high intensity developed areas to cultivated crop fields. Over 97,000 individual flies were captured represented by 11 Calliphoridae species. The adult Calliphoridae communities were primarily structured by land use type and month of collection, with these two factors interacting, suggesting that the effect of location varied by time of year. The two most abundant species, Phormia regina (Meigen) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen), cumulatively comprised 88.5% adult flies from Mid-Michigan. These findings provide a baseline database of Great Lakes Calliphoridae, with potential use in forensic research and casework.
Whistler instabilities from the interplay of electron anisotropies in space plasmas: a quasi-linear approach
Authors: Shaaban S M , Lazar M 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Recent statistical studies of observational data unveil relevant correlations between whistler fluctuations and the anisotropic electron populations present in space plasmas, e.g. solar wind and planetary magnetospheres. Locally, whistlers can be excited by two sources of free energy associated with anisotropic electrons, i.e. temperature anisotropies and beaming populations carrying the heat flux. However, these two sources of free energy and the resulting instabilities are usually studied independently preventing a realistic interpretation of their interplay. This paper presents the results of a parametric quasi-linear study of the whistler instability cumulatively driven by two counter-drifting electron populations and their anisotropic temperatures. By comparison to individual regimes dominated either by beaming population or by temperature anisotropy, in a transitory regime the instability becomes highly conditioned by the effects of both these two sources of free energy. Cumulative effects stimulate the instability and enhance the resulting fluctuations, which interact with electrons and stimulate their diffusion in velocity space, leading to a faster and deeper relaxation of the beaming velocity associated with a core heating in perpendicular direction and a thermalization of the beaming electrons. In particular, the relaxation of temperature anisotropy to quasi-stable states below the thresholds conditions predicted by linear theory may explain the observations showing the accumulation of these states near the isotropy and equipartition of energy.
Formation of S0s in extreme environments I: clues from kinematics and stellar populations
Authors: Coccato Lodovico , Jaffé Yara L , Cortesi Arianna , Merrifield Michael , Johnston Evelyn , Rodríguez del Pino Bruno , Haeussler Boris , Chies-Santos Ana L , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia L , Sheen Yun-Kyeong , Menéndez-Delmestre Karín 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Despite numerous efforts, it is still unclear whether lenticular galaxies (S0s) evolve from spirals whose star formation was suppressed, or formed trough mergers or disc instabilities. In this paper we present a pilot study of 21 S0 galaxies in extreme environments (field and cluster), and compare their spatially resolved kinematics and global stellar populations. Our aim is to identify whether there are different mechanisms that form S0s in different environments. Our results show that the kinematics of S0 galaxies in field and cluster are, indeed, different. Lenticulars in the cluster are more rotationally supported, suggesting that they are formed through processes that involve the rapid consumption or removal of gas (e.g. starvation, ram pressure stripping). In contrast, S0s in the field are more pressure supported, suggesting that minor mergers served mostly to shape their kinematic properties. These results are independent of total mass, luminosity, or disc-to-bulge ratio. On the other hand, the mass-weighted age, metallicity, and star formation time-scale of the galaxies correlate more with mass than with environment, in agreement with known relations from previous work, such as the one between mass and metallicity. Overall, our results re-enforce the idea that there are multiple mechanisms that produce S0s, and that both mass and environment play key roles. A larger sample is highly desirable to confirm or refute the results and the interpretation of this pilot study.
Are white dwarf magnetic fields in close binaries generated during common-envelope evolution?
Authors: Belloni Diogo , Schreiber Matthias R 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Understanding the origin of the magnetic fields in white dwarfs (WDs) has been a puzzle for decades. A scenario that has gained considerable attention in the past years assumes that such magnetic fields are generated through a dynamo process during common-envelope evolution. We performed binary population models using an up-to-date version of the bse code to confront the predictions of this model with observational results. We found that this hypothesis can explain only the observed distribution of WD magnetic fields in polars and pre-polars and the low-temperature WDs in pre-polars if it is re-scaled to fit the observational data. Furthermore, in its present version, the model fails to explain the absence of young, close detached WD+M-dwarf binaries harbouring hot magnetic WDs and predicts that the overwhelming majority of WDs in close binaries should be strongly magnetic, which is also in serious conflict with the observations. We conclude that either the common-envelope dynamo scenario needs to be substantially revised or a different mechanism is responsible for the generation of strong WD magnetic fields in close binaries.
A single spark model for PSR J2144−3933
Authors: Mitra Dipanjan , Basu Rahul , Melikidze George I , Arjunwadkar Mihir 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The partially screened vacuum gap model (PSG) for the inner acceleration region in normal radio pulsars, a variant of the pure vacuum gap model, attempts to account for the observed thermal X-ray emission from polar caps and the subpulse drifting time-scales. We have used this model to explain the presence of death lines and extreme location of PSR J2144−3933 in the $P{-}\dot{P}$ diagram. This model requires maintaining the polar cap near a critical temperature and the presence of non-dipolar surface magnetic field to form the inner acceleration region. In the PSG model, thermostatic regulation is achieved by sparking discharges, which are a feature of all vacuum gap models. We demonstrate that non-dipolar surface magnetic field reduces polar cap area in PSR J2144−3933 such that only one spark can be produced and is sufficient to sustain the critical temperature. This pulsar has a single-component profile over a wide frequency range. Single-pulse polarimetric observations and the rotating vector model confirm that the observer’s line of sight traverses the emission beam centrally. These observations are consistent with a single spark operating within framework of the PSG model leading to single-component emission. Additionally, single-pulse modulations of this pulsar, including lack of subpulse drifting, presence of single-period nulls and microstructure, are compatible with a single spark either in PSG or in general vacuum gap models.
XII Literature 1780–1830: The Romantic Period
Authors: Branagh-Miscampbell Maxine , Leonardi Barbara , Greig Elias , Falk Michael , Kiek Miranda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter has four sections: 1. General and Prose; 2. The Novel; 3. Poetry; 4. Drama. Section 1 is by Maxine Branagh-Miscampbell; section 2 is by Barbara Leonardi; section 3 is by Michael Falk and Elias Greig; section 4 is by Miranda Kiek.