bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of clinico-epidemiological factors and clinical outcome in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma
Authors: Elsheikh E M , Ibrahim D R D , Abdelrahman O M , Ali H M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Bladder cancer ranks ninth in worldwide cancer incidence and it is the second most common malignancy among Egyptian males. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder (previously known as transitional cell carcinoma; TCC)is the predominant histologic type, the two most well-established risk factors for bladder are cigarette smoking and occupational exposure to urothelial carcinogens.

Aim of the Work
To analyze retrospectively the clinico-pathological features of urinary bladder cancer patients treated in Clinical Oncology Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals in Egypt.

Patients and Methods
All 127 eligible patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and the medical sheets were reviewed including history, clinical examination, routine laboratory tests, radiological investigations, and follow up. Several prognostic factors were analyzed in our study including age, sex, performance status, tumor size, site, grade, extent of surgery and type of treatment as regard chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Results
Among the included 127 patients, populatge ranged from 30 to 75 years. Males represented 81.9 % of the patients with a male to female ratio of 4:1. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of patients at presentation was ECOG 1 in 82 patients (64.6%). The majority of the studied population presented with haematuria. The most common histological subtype in biopsied specimens was transitional cell carcinoma in 75.5% of the patients.78 patients presented with non-metastatic and 47 patients with metastatic urinary bladder cancer. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was found to be 17 months and similarly the median overall survival (OS) was 17 months. In our study we found a significant correlation between age, performance status (PS), smoking, tumor stage and the treatment modalities such as surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with the overall survival.

Conclusion
The epidemiology of bladder cancer was dramatically shifted in Egypt with a lower incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a greater incidence of TCC and older age at diagnosis. Age, PS, smoking, tumor stage and the treatment modalities such as surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were proved to affect the overall survival.
Correlation of Outcome of Neo adjuvant Concurrent Chemo radiotherapy with Clinico-epidemiological characteristics in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: retrospective study
Authors: Abdelaziz H M , Ghali R R , Mosalam N A , Elnemrawy W A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The treatment of (LARC) is subject to continuous change due to better diagnostic tools, radio therapeutic techniques and chemotherapeutic agents. It is clear, that a multimodality approach is the only way to achieve satisfactory local recurrence and survival rates in this type of cancer. Widespread use of neoadjuvant therapy have all contributed to decrease the rate of local recurrence, raise the quality of life and the probability of overall survival.

Aim of the Work
to correlate clinico-epdemiological factors of locally advanced rectal cancer patients with outcomes of neoadjuvant concurrent chemo radiotherapy (NACRT) regarding disease -free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Patients and Methods
In this retrospective study, data were collected from files of 100 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer patients with cT3-4 or any cT/cN+ disease assessed using colonoscopy, enhanced computed tomography. and or magnetic resonance imaging, between Jan 2010 and December 2016 in oncology department of Ain Shams faculty of medicine and Nasser institute of treatment and research. The patients received long course radiotherapy (45-50.4 Gy/1.8-2 Gy) combined with concurrent chemotherapy. Surgery was done after NACCRT.

Results
This study is no statistically significant difference between patient’s demographic characteristics with DFS and OS. This study shows there was no statistically difference between doses of long course radiation on DFS of the study and so type of concurrent chemotherapy on DFS while type of surgery had impact and statistically significant difference on DFS and OS. The study also showed that Types of surgery, y-pathological nodal staging had statistically significance with DFS and OS.

Conclusion
assessment of LARC patients before selection type of therapy is very important. Neoadjuvant concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is only stander of cure in high-risk group of LARC patients.
Prevalence of Ophthalmological Manifestations of MS
Authors: Elsamman N H , Gaafar A A , Zamzam D A , Elbayomi A M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to highlight the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations and their correlation with visual dysfunction in patients of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Patients and Methods
One hundred patients diagnosed with MS according to the Revised McDonald’s Criteria of 2010 from the MS Unit at Ain Shams University Hospitals were included in the study from May to September 2017. A detailed medical history was taken and full ophthalmic examination was done to all patients including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), pupillary reflexes, ocular motility, confrontation test, contrast sensitivity (CS) test, color test, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and dilated fundus examination.

Results
Acute ON was the first manifestation of the disease in 36% of patients and in 44% it occurred during the course of the disease. Although most patients’ visual acuity recovered to baseline after an episode of optic neuritis (ON), residual deficits in CS are common. Acute ocular motor manifestations were reported in 6 patients (6%) as a presenting symptom of MS. During the course of the disease 31 patients (31%) had at least one attack of acute abnormal eye movement. One patient (1%) among the studied group had anterior uveitis. There is a statistically significant correlation between CS in patients with no ON relapses and patients with at least 1 relapse (P value= 0.005). There is a statistically significant correlation between relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in patients with no ON attacks and patients with at least 1 relapse (P value= 0.032). Also there is a statistically significant correlation between disc pallor in patients with no ON relapses and patients with at least 1 relapse (P value= 0.007). There is a statistically significant correlation between number of relapses of ocular motor symptoms and visual function impairment; BCVA (P = 0.025), CS (P = 0.027) and color vision (P = 0.039).

Conclusion
Our study emphasizes the high prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations among MS patients and that optic neuropathy is the most common manifestation. Detection of these symptoms and signs during ophthalmologic evaluation may lead to early diagnosis and treatment of MS that offer better outcome for those patients.
Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Diagnosis and Management of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Zaher F M , Metwally M G , Aziz B F , Abdelwadood Y Z 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Neo-vascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) (an advanced form of macular degeneration) is the main cause of visual impairment in older adults related to AMD. WHO has estimated that approximately 8 million people will be affected by AMD by the year 2020. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel imaging modality that permits direct visualization of the retinal and choroidal vasculature in vivo. In OCTA, high-frequency and dense volumetric scanning are made to detect blood flow by analyzing the signal decorrelation between scans. Compared with stationary areas of the retina, the movement of erythrocytes within a vessel makes a decorrelated signal. Unlike traditional angiography, OCTA does not necessitate the use of exogenous dyes, so avoiding potential side effects, such as nausea or other more serious adverse events. However, the role of OCTA as a diagnostic tool has not been largely investigated. Particularly, very few clinical studies have assessed the accuracy of OCTA imaging for the diagnosis of nAMD.

Aim of the Work
To highlight the benefits of using OCT-A in the diagnosis and management of wet AMD and compare it with the conventional angiographic standard, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA).

Subjects and Methods
An interventional prospective comparative study will be conducted on 40 eyes diagnosed with wet AMD. Optical coherence tomography angiography and FFA will be done for all eyes. Analysis of the data obtained from the OCT-A will be done and compared with the standard FFA.

Conclusion
AMD is the leading cause of vision loss. Early detection and treatment is required. AMD is diagnosed by fundus examination, FA, and OCTA. OCTA and FA imaging provide complementary information about pathological changes in chorioretinal diseases. OCTA is highly sensitive for identifying AMD, CNV, and CNV activity; however, it cannot fully replace FA in the diagnosis of AMD.
Assessment of Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Chronic Contact Lens Users Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Rezk A A M E A , Assaf A , Gamil M , Badran T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The corneal epithelium is stratified epithelium that is continuously renewed and provides the frontline of defence against invading ocular pathogens and a smooth refractive surface essential for vision. In the absence of a contact lens, pre-existing ocular trauma or disease, the epithelium maintains an inaccessible defence against attacks from pathogenic microorganisms, affording a high level of resistance against microbial invasion.

Aim
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of chronic use of contact lens on corneal epithelium thickness using anterior segment optical coherence topography as a non- invasive diagnostic accurate measure.

Patients and Methods
30 eyes of control subjects who don’t wear contact lens along their life aged between 15-45 years ,where compared with similar age group of 30 eyes of chronic contact lens users; who wear contact lens every day not less than 8 hours per day for along time interval between 6 months up to 5 years.

Results
The average corneal epithelial thickness in the central, paracentral and midperipheral zones was 47.767 ± 5.550 µm, 46.267 ± 5.644 µm, 44.300 ± 4.858 µm, respectively, in chronic soft contact lens users; and 49.800 ± 3.316 µm, 49.200 ± 3.367 µm, 45.733 ± 2.333 µm ,in control group who had never worn contact lens. There were insignificant thinning of corneal epithelium of soft contact group compared to control group regarding the average corneal epithelial thickness in those 3 zones. In all the 8 sectors of corneal epithelium of paracentral zone and midperipheral zones there is insignificant thinning between the two groups except for the inferior temporal sector in the paracentral zone and mid peripheral zone, which shows significant thinning in soft contact lens group compared to control group. The corneal epithelial thickness in the inferior temporal sector of paracentral and mid peripheral zones was 46.333 ± 5.677 µm, 44.933 ± 4.813 µm, respectively, in chronic soft contact lens users compared to 48.767 ± 3.266 µm, 46.900 ± 2.510 µm in control group (p = 0.046, p = 0.052, respectively).

Conclusion
AS-OCT helps us to evaluate the corneal epithelium of contact lens users, which could be very useful in corneal refractive surgeries in patients depending on contact lens in their lives as a comfortable refractive aid, It is necessary to do AS-OCT hand on hand with pentacam in patients underwhelming refractive surgery to give a proper assessment to their corneal epithelium before determining which type of refractive surgery suits them.
Effects Occurring in Central Retina Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography before and after YAG Laser in Pseudophakic Patinets
Authors: Abdala B , Magdy K , Oreiby M M M E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Cataract is a consequence of the ageing of the lens and is the major priority in the global initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness by the year 2020. At present, the only means of treating cataract is by surgery, which initially restores high-quality vision and this is currently the most performed operation in developed countries.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the influence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy on visual outcomes and macular thickness in patients with opacified posterior capsule.

Patients and Methods
This is a prospective comparative study done at the Nour Elein Hospital in Tanta. Thirty one pseudophakic eyes of patients (seven male, twenty four female), were included in the study with PCO following uncomplicated phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The age ranged from forty six years to sixty seven years old with a mean of (63.32±5.67) years. An informed consent was taken from each patient. All patients were treated by Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy between January 2017 till December 2017. The average time after cataract surgery was 18 months.

Results
Both groups had increased macular thickness at 1 week after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The degree of macular thickening was similar in group 1 and group 2. Mean macular thickness was decreased to preoperative levels at 4 weeks after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in both groups volume.

Conclusion
Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy is the standard treatment for PCO and gives rise to rapid improvements in visual acuity, relieving the symptoms of blur, photophobia, and glare, and the size of capsulotomy opening does not affect the improvement in visual acuity, but it is better to avoid small sized capsulotomies to avoid post capsulotomy difractions.
Correlation between Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness and Glycosylated Haemoglobin in Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Lotfy Alshaimaa M , Saad A H , Mohamed T H , Elzankalony Y A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglyaemia. Diabetes cause many complication. diabetic retinopathy is common complication which affects up to 80 percent of all patients who have diabetes for more than10 years or more. Retinal functional abnormalities as reduced contrast sensitivity and ERG abnormalities could be detected in diabetic patients before microvascular lesions can be detected in ophalmological examination.

Purpose
to determine correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured by Optical coherence tomography and glycosylated haemoglobin in type 2 non proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Patients and Methods
In our study was conducted on patient recruited from National institute of Diabetes and endocrinology in the ophthalmic clinic. Patients were evaluated for peri-papillary retinal nerve fibre layer ( RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (RS 3000 advance). Blood were taken for HbA1c. The study was included 164 eyes from 87 patients. The patients were non proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) classified into three groups according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study into; Mild group was 69 eyes from 35 patients, moderate group58 eyes from 31 patient, Severe group 37 eyes from 21 patients.

Results
The severe group show statistically significant difference with the others (P &lt; 0.001) except with mild group in nasal and inferior quadrant, therefore the thickness was high in the severe groups because the edema in RNFL. In our study we observed decrease in total thickness of RNFL in peripapillary area. However, among each quadrant we observed that the superior quadrant was thinner compared to other quadrants (p &lt; 0.001). There was insignificant correlation between RNFL thickness with the Glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1c )in all NPDR groups.

Conclusion
Early NPDR patients appear to have thinner RNFL thickness and severe NPDR patients show increasing RNFL thickness. There are not correlation between RNFL thickness and glycosylated haemoglobin.
Assessment of Corneal Endothelial changes in type II Diabetes Mellitus by Non-Contact Specular Microscope
Authors: Gendy J E F , Elmowafy N M , Elfiky M M , Shaaban Y M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Numerous studies were dedicated to explaining the effect of type II diabetes on corneal endothelium. There seemed to be a conflict in the results of the studies, some highlighted that diabetes did not affect the corneal endothelium but rather the corneal thickness. While others disagreed stating that there was damage to the endothelium. The rest cited low endothelial cell density only in poor glycaemic control. This prospective analytical study will extensively investigate the effect of diabetes on the corneal endothelium using non-contact specular microscopy.

Aim
Prospective analysis of the effect of type II diabetes mellitus on the corneal endothelium performed by specular microscopic examination using KONAN Non-Contact Specular Microscope CC-5000 Cellchek; with regards to cell count, density, size, morphology and comparing them to normal subjects of the same age group. The aim of the study is to completely understand the changes that occur to the corneal endothelium in diabetic patients.

Patients and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study, in which 30 Diabetic eyes and 30 Control eyes were examined using non-contact specular microscope. Patients were recruited from the Specialized Eye Hospital Kobry El Kobba Military Medical Complex.

Results
The study included 17 males and 13 females in the non-diabetic control group while in the diabetic group it included 16 males and 14 females. By comparing the demographic data of the two study groups, no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) was found. The same results were obtained in data regarding the age. Comparing both groups regarding the cell count, density and average cell size showed a highly significant difference (p &lt; 0.05). While comparing the coefficient of variation and the percentage of hexagonal cells in both groups showed a significant difference (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Diabetes has been implicated in the morbidity of the corneal endothelium. Our study concluded that it appears that diabetes has a significant impact on the corneal endothelial anatomy, causing endothelial cell loss and a decrease in cell density producing compensatory polymegathism. Triggering a disturbance in the physiological functions of the endothelium when under stress e.g. trauma, surgery or intraocular inflammation. However, under normal physiological conditions we found out that there was no abnormality or impairment in the corneal endothelial functions; in keeping the corneal deturgesence (relatively dehydrated, 70% hydration). Therefore, we concluded from the results that special caution should be taken in diabetic patients to whom any stress is applied on the corneal endothelium so that they do not develop corneal decompensation leading to significant morbidity.
Reliability of Visual Field testing and its learning curve among children
Authors: Abdelmalek S N N , Mansour S Z , Roshdy M M S , Elsawy A M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Vision is a combination of distinct measurable functions including visual acuity, visual field and others. The visual field includes the area of space seen when the individual’s gaze is directed at any central object.

Objective
The aim of work in our study was to detect the learning curve of visual field testing in a young age group.

Methods
This study included 72 eyes of 36 children from both sexes aging from 6 to 12 years. All children were from Ain-shams university hospitals outpatient clinics. A detailed questionnaire was answered by both the care-giver and the child on the time spent playing video-games in terms of days per week and hours per day and children were categorized accordingly into VGP and NVGP. Children are devided according to Green and Bavelier’s criteria for VGP participants. The visual field testing was performed twice with a 7-day interval apart and the results of the first session were compared with those of the second. Learning effect was defined as an improvement at results for duration and perimetric reliability indices.

Results
Mean age of participant children was 8.94 ±1.90. Mean reliability parameters were: 68.25 ± 25.78% of fixation losses in the first perimetric test and 71.02 ± 30.84% in the second, 39.14 ± 28.27% of false positive errors in the first test and 44.01 ± 31.24 in the second, 9.67 ± 5.97% of false negative errors in the first test and 9.22 ± 7.74 in the second. The mean test duration was 6.91 ± 1.78 in the first test and 6.58 ± 1.33 in the second.

Conclusion
There was remarkable enhancement in the time taken to complete the second perimetric test in VGP with respect to NVGP indicating a better learning curve.
Effect of Femtosecond Lasik for Myopes on Corneal Hysteresis and Tonometry
Authors: Mansour S Z , Mohamed T H , Saadeldin H S , Awadallah E M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Near-sightedness, also known as short-sightedness and myopia, is a condition of the eye where light focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina. This causes distant objects to be blurry while close objects appear normal. Other symptoms may include headaches and eye strain. Severe near-sightedness increases the risk of retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma.

Objectives
The aim of the present study is to quantify the biomechanical effects of Femtosecond LASIK for myopes using the Ocular Response Analyzer.

Patients and Methods
This is a prospective study that was conducted on 30 eyes. 20 patients signed an informed written consent. The (30) eyes underwent refractive surgery using Femto-LASIK flap creation by (IntraLase iFS, Abbott Medica Optics, California, USA) and excimer laser by (WaveLight Allegretto, Alcon, Fort Worth, Texas, USA).

Results
The same parameters used in our study, 40 eyes of 20 patients who underwent LASIK for myopia treatment using a femtosecond laser were enrolled. IOP and the corneal biomechanical markers were measured preoperatively and 1 month after LASIK using ORA and GAT. The mean preoperative CCT was548.63 µm with SD ± 27.71, mean preoperative CH was 10.89 mmHg with SD ± 1.50and CRF was 10.47 mmHg with SD ± 1.64. The postoperative CCT, MRSE, CH &CRF were 493 µm with SD ± 30.84, -0.80 with SD ± 0. 14 (D), 8.41 mmHg with SD ± 1.19 &7.16 mmHg with SD ± 1.33 respectively. The values are significantly lower than preoperative.(p &lt;0.001). The mean preoperative IOPcc, IOPg, IOP by GAT was 14.31mmHg with SD ± 2.42,14.19 mmHg with SD ± 2.54, 13.42 mmHg with SD ± 2.19.respectively, while the mean postoperative IOPcc, IOPg and IOP by GAT was 13.64 ±2.09, 10.27± 2.26, 10.83± 2.83 respectively.

Conclusion
Myopic photorefractive surgery using Femto-LASIK flap creation causes reduction in CH and IOP; obvious change in the IOP-G value postoperatively, so it is more accurate to measure IOP-CC as it is a major factor to be taken into consideration.