bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating In-service Science Teachers Conceptions of Astronomy, and Determine the Obstacles in Teaching Astronomy in Thailand
Authors: Jansri Sopita , Ketpichainarong Watcharee 
Published: November 2020

<p style="text-align:justify">Astronomy concept is regarded as one difficult topic in both teachers’ and students’ perspective even though it strongly appeals to the human mind. This concept requires imagination and the ability to use various skills and knowledge, for example, actual motion, relative position, and coordination of views from several points on the Earth to generate an explanation. As mentioned in the literature, the teacher plays a vital role in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate 45 in-service science teachers’ understanding of astronomy concepts in a professional development program and to diagnose the misconceptions regarding astronomy concepts. A two-tier test, open-ended questions, and a semi-structured interview were used to gather information on the understanding and misconceptions, particularly on celestial motion concepts. The data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results pointed out that after the four-day professional development program, in-service science teachers gained significantly higher two-tier test scores. The highest progression was in the topic of the Sun’s apparent motion. However, most in-service science teachers still held some misconceptions relating to the concept of the seasons. The obstacles in teaching astronomy were also discussed. The study’s findings lead to the improvement of the professional development program for in-service science teachers required to teach astronomy concepts nationwide.</p>
Predicting suicide attempt or suicide death following a visit to psychiatric specialty care: A machine learning study using Swedish national registry data
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhang-James Yanli , Barnett Eric J. , Lichtenstein Paul , Jokinen Jussi , D’Onofrio Brian M. , Faraone Stephen V. , Larsson Henrik , Fazel Seena 
Published: November 2020

Background
Suicide is a major public health concern globally. Accurately predicting suicidal behavior remains challenging. This study aimed to use machine learning approaches to examine the potential of the Swedish national registry data for prediction of suicidal behavior.

Methods and findings
The study sample consisted of 541,300 inpatient and outpatient visits by 126,205 Sweden-born patients (54% female and 46% male) aged 18 to 39 (mean age at the visit: 27.3) years to psychiatric specialty care in Sweden between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012. The most common psychiatric diagnoses at the visit were anxiety disorders (20.0%), major depressive disorder (16.9%), and substance use disorders (13.6%). A total of 425 candidate predictors covering demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status (SES), electronic medical records, criminality, as well as family history of disease and crime were extracted from the Swedish registry data. The sample was randomly split into an 80% training set containing 433,024 visits and a 20% test set containing 108,276 visits. Models were trained separately for suicide attempt/death within 90 and 30 days following a visit using multiple machine learning algorithms. Model discrimination and calibration were both evaluated. Among all eligible visits, 3.5% (18,682) were followed by a suicide attempt/death within 90 days and 1.7% (9,099) within 30 days. The final models were based on ensemble learning that combined predictions from elastic net penalized logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting, and a neural network. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) on the test set were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87–0.89) and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.88–0.90) for the outcome within 90 days and 30 days, respectively, both being significantly better than chance (i.e., AUC = 0.50) (p < 0.01). Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were reported at different risk thresholds. A limitation of our study is that our models have not yet been externally validated, and thus, the generalizability of the models to other populations remains unknown.

Conclusions
By combining the ensemble method of multiple machine learning algorithms and high-quality data solely from the Swedish registers, we developed prognostic models to predict short-term suicide attempt/death with good discrimination and calibration. Whether novel predictors can improve predictive performance requires further investigation.
The psychometric properties of the person-centered therapeutic relationship in physiotherapy scale
Authors: Rodríguez-Nogueira Óscar , Morera Balaguer Jaume , Nogueira López Abel , Roldán Merino Juan , Botella-Rico José-Martín , Del Río-Medina Sonia , Moreno Poyato Antonio R. 
Published: November 2020

Objective
To determine the psychometric properties of the Person-Centered Therapeutic Relationship in Physiotherapy Scale (PCTR-PT) in order to find the most appropriate fit for the tool.

Methods
Patients who had received treatment at the physiotherapy service of nine hospitals in Spain were invited to complete the 31 items of the PCTR-PT scale. To select the most appropriate items of the PCTR-PT, an exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) was performed using the maximum likelihood and oblique rotation (promin) methods. Factor validity, goodness-of-fit and psychometric properties were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent (CFA) and discriminant validity were calculated. Internal consistency was verified using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine temporal stability.

Results
366 patients over 18 years old who had received, at least, 15 physiotherapy treatment sessions completed the questionnaire. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed a tool with 15 items in four factors [Relational Bond (N items = 4); Individualized Partnership (N items = 4); Professional Empowerment (N items = 3) and Therapeutic Communication (N items = 4)], explaining 78.4% of the variance of the total variables of this tool. The confirmatory factor analysis further confirmed the four-structure model. Reliability of the tool was approved by Cronbach's alpha in all four dimensions, as all were above .70, ranging from .84 (Individualized Partnership) to .91 (Professional Empowerment). = 0.94. Test-retest was performed with two-week intervals, indicating an appropriate stability for the scale (ICC = 0.900).

Conclusion
The Person-Centered Therapeutic Relationship in Physiotherapy Scale (PCTR-PT) is a useful, valid and applicable instrument to evaluate the person-centered therapeutic relationship during physiotherapy interventions. It would be interesting to investigate the predictive capacity (sensitivity and specificity) of the PCTR-PT scale.
Publicly funded interfacility ambulance transfers for surgical and obstetrical conditions: A cross sectional analysis in an urban middle-income country setting
Authors: Truche Paul , NeMoyer Rachel E. , Patiño-Franco Sara , Herrera-Escobar Juan P. , Torres Myerlandi , Pino Luis F. , Peck Gregory L. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Interfacility transfers may reflect a time delay of definitive surgical care, but few studies have examined the prevalence of interfacility transfers in the urban low- and middle-income (LMIC) setting. The aim of this study was to determine the number of interfacility transfers required for surgical and obstetric conditions in an urban MIC setting to better understand access to definitive surgical care among LMIC patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of public interfacility transfer records was conducted from April 2015 to April 2016 in Cali, Colombia. Data were obtained from the single municipal ambulance agency providing publicly funded ambulance transfers in the city. Interfacility transfers were defined as any patient transfer between two healthcare facilities. We identified the number of transfers for patients with surgical conditions and categorized transfers based on patient ICD-9-CM codes. We compared surgical transfers from public vs. private healthcare facilities by condition type (surgical, obstetric, nonsurgical), transferring physician specialty, and transfer acuity (code blue, emergent, urgent and nonurgent) using logistic regression.

Results
31,659 patient transports occurred over the 13-month study period. 22250 (70.2%) of all transfers were interfacility transfers and 7777 (35%) of transfers were for patients with surgical conditions with an additional 2,244 (10.3%) for obstetric conditions. 49% (8660/17675) of interfacility transfers from public hospitals were for surgical and obstetric conditions vs 32% (1466/4580) for private facilities (P<0.001). The most common surgical conditions requiring interfacility transfer were fractures (1,227, 5.4%), appendicitis (913, 4.1%), wounds (871, 3.9%), abdominal pain (818, 3.6%), trauma (652, 2.9%), and acute abdomen (271, 1.2%).

Conclusion
Surgical and obstetric conditions account for nearly half of all urban interfacility ambulance transfers. The most common reasons for transfer are basic surgical conditions with public healthcare facilities transferring a greater proportion of patient with surgical conditions than private facilities. Timely access to an initial healthcare facility may not be a reliable surrogate of definitive surgical care given the substantial need for interfacility transfers.
Prostate-specific antigen dynamics after neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy and carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Takakusagi Yosuke , Oike Takahiro , Kano Kio , Anno Wataru , Tsuchida Keisuke , Mizoguchi Nobutaka , Serizawa Itsuko , Yoshida Daisaku , Katoh Hiroyuki , Kamada Tadashi 
Published: November 2020

Background
This study aimed to explain the dynamics of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with prostate cancer who were treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT).

Methods
Eighty-five patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer who received CIRT and neoadjuvant ADT from December 2015 to December 2017 were analyzed in the present study. The total dose of CIRT was set at 51.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) delivered in 12 fractions over 3 weeks. The PSA bounce was defined as a ≥0.4 ng/ml increase of PSA levels from the nadir, followed by any decrease. PSA failure was defined using the Phoenix criteria.

Results
The median patient age was 68 (range, 48–81) years. The median follow-up duration was 33 (range, 20–48) months. The clinical T stage was T1c, T2a, and T2b in 27, 44, and 14 patients, respectively. The Gleason score was 6 in 3 patients and 7 in 82 patients. The median pretreatment PSA level was 7.37 (range, 3.33–19.0) ng/ml. All patients received neoadjuvant ADT for a median of 6 (range, 2–117) months. PSA bounces were observed in 39 patients (45.9%), occurring a median of 12 (range, 6–30) months after CIRT. PSA failure was observed in eight patients (9.4%), occurring a median of 21 (range, 15–33) months after CIRT. The 3-year PSA failure-free survival rate was 88.5%. No clinical recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. Younger age and lower T stage were significant predictors of PSA bounce. Younger age was a significant predictor of PSA failure.

Conclusions
In this study, we identified the significant predictors of the occurrence of PSA bounce and failure. Further follow-up is needed to reveal the clinical significance of PSA dynamics.
Cumulative Effect of Psychological Alterations on Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Midenfjord Irina , Borg Adam , Törnblom Hans , Simrén Magnus 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Psychological alterations are common and considered important for symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the possible cumulative effect of having multiple psychological alterations on gastrointestinal (GI) symptom severity in IBS is largely unknown.

METHODS:
Patients with IBS (Rome IV) completed validated questionnaires assessing GI symptoms (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, IBS version and IBS Severity Scoring System), personality traits (Big Five), posttraumatic stress and psychological alterations, anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-item version), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), pain catastrophizing, somatization (Patient Health Questionnaire, 12-item version), stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and GI-specific anxiety (Visceral Sensitivity Index). Of the 18 possible psychological factors, those with significant associations with GI symptom severity, corrected for multiple comparisons, were identified. The associations between increasing number of psychological alterations (validated cutoff values or uppermost tertile) and the severity of GI symptoms were analyzed with linear trend analyses.

RESULTS:
In total, 106 patients with IBS (Rome IV criteria) were included (72 [68%] women, median age of 35 [interquartile range: 26–45] years). Psychological alterations were common and overlap among these factors were frequently seen. Five psychological factors (physical fatigue, GI-specific anxiety, perceived stress, pain catastrophizing, and trait anxiety) demonstrated significant, noncollinear associations with GI symptom severity. With increasing number of these psychological alterations, a gradual increase was seen in the overall severity of GI symptoms (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, IBS version: partial η2 = 0.268, P < 0.001; IBS Severity Scoring System: partial η2 = 0.219, P < 0.001, both large effect sizes).

DISCUSSION:
Distinct associations were seen between the severity of GI symptoms and individual, as well as an increasing number of psychological alterations. This highlights the importance of understanding different psychological alterations for the disease burden in IBS (visual abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B756).
Sikap dan Perilaku Warga terhadap Kebijakan Penanganan Wabah Covid-19
Authors: Mujani Saiful , Irvani Deni 
Published: November 2020

Sebuah kebijakan publik akan efektif jika publik mendukungnya. Hal yang sama berlaku dalam konteks wabah Covid-19. Sejauh ini belum ada studi tentang kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia, khususnya terkait Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB), dan kepatuhan warga terhadapnya. Tulisan ini mengisi kekosongan tersebut dengan bertumpu pada hasil penelitian opini publik nasional tentang sikap dan perilaku publik terkait PSBB dan protokol kesehatan. Hasilnya adalah perilaku dan sikap pada kebijakan tersebut berhubungan dengan latar belakang perilaku politik, kepercayaan pada kemampuan pemerintah menangani Covid-19, status pekerjaan, pendapatan, pendidikan, agama, dan gender. PSBB tidak akan efektif karena jumlah warga yang harus bekerja di luar rumah sangat banyak. Sebaliknya, memberikan subsidi pada warga agar tidak bekerja selama pandemi tetapi tidak jelas kapan akan berakhir, tentu bukan kebijakan yang realistis. Untuk itu, kebijakan mengubah PSBB dengan kembali membolehkan warga bekerja seperti sebelum masa Covid-19 dan disertai protokol kesehatan yang ketat adalah solusi yang lebih realistis. Sosialisasi mendesaknya protokol kesehatan harus dilakukan lewat berbagai kelompok masyarakat dan lewat tokoh-tokoh berpengaruh karena mereka cenderung lebih didengar.
»Aus Liebe zur Wahrheit«
Authors: Imbach Ruedi 
Published: November 2020

Riassunto
Il contributo si dedica all’ultima opera dantesca, la »quaestio disputata« in cui gli elementi acqua e terra occupano una posizione cruciale. Se l’opera, la cui autenticità viene messa in dubbio da alcuni studiosi, è effettivamente da attribuire a Dante, essa sarebbe di grande rilievo per la comprensione della personalità intellettuale di Dante. Per valutare questo scritto, nel quale si vuole provare che la terra occupa una posizione più alta rispetto all’acqua, non importa in primo luogo il modo in cui si risolve la questione di filosofia naturale, ma il modo in cui viene affrontato il problema cosmologico. L’autore sottolinea di voler trattare il problema esclusivamente dal punto di vista della filosofia naturale. Oltre a ciò, Dante in questo testo viene presentato (o presenta se stesso!) come filosofo, anche se come il minore tra tutti i filosofi.
The Rise of Block-Granting as a Tool of Conservative Statecraft
Authors: LaRochelle Ryan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article sheds new light on how conservatism has affected American state development by tracing the history of how block-granting transformed from a bipartisan tool to solve problems of public administration in the 1940s into a mechanism to roll back and decentralize the welfare state that had reached its zenith in the 1960s. By the early 1980s, conservative policymakers had coopted the previously bipartisan tool in their efforts to chip away at the increasingly centralized social welfare system that emerged out of the Great Society. In the early 1980s, Ronald Reagan successfully converted numerous categorical grants into a series of block grants, slashing funding for several social safety net programs. Block-granting allows conservative opponents of the postwar welfare state to gradually erode funding and grant more authority to state governments, thus using federalism as a more palatable political weapon to reduce social welfare spending than the full dismantlement of social programs. However, despite a flurry of successes in the early 1980s, block-granting has not proven as successful as conservatives might have hoped, and recent efforts to convert programs such as Medicaid and parts of the Affordable Care Act into block grants have failed. The failure of recent failed block grant efforts highlights the resilience of liberal reforms, even in the face of sustained conservative opposition. However, conservatives still draw upon the tool today in their efforts to erode and retrench social welfare programs. Block-granting has thus transformed from a bipartisan tool to improve bureaucratic effectiveness into a perennial weapon in conservatives’ war on the welfare state.
“Gender Imbalance in Expert Testimony at U.S. Senate Hearings”: The Forum
Authors: Pressman Jeremy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
How much gender diversity is there among experts in the United States? This study focuses on witnesses who testified before four US Senate committees: Agriculture; Commerce, Science & Transportation; Foreign Relations; and Health, Education, Labor & Pensions. Across the 9072 witnesses (2003–15), women comprised 23.7% of witnesses. In terms of panels, 49.8% were male-only, 5.8% were female-only, and 44.4% were mixed gender. Although the overall numbers remain significantly low proportionate to the female share of the US population, there was an incremental increase in the proportion of women testifying and of mixed gender panels. Non-governmental organizations had the highest share of female witnesses. The percentage of female witnesses does vary with which party controls the Senate, with the average female share higher under Democratic control. These findings raise questions for further study about what factors influence the selection of witnesses for US Senate hearings and whether a similar lack of diversity exists in other identity categories such as race and ethnicity. The effort could also be extended to other committees in the Senate, as well as to the US House.
Battling for semantic territory across social networks. The case ofAnglo-Saxonon Twitter
Authors: Schmid Hans-Jörg , Würschinger Quirin , Keller Melanie , Lenker Ursula 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Present-Day English, the termAnglo-Saxonis used with three dominant meanings, which have been labeled “historical/pre-Conquest”, “ethno-racial” and “politico-cultural” uses (cf. Wilton 2019). From at least the middle of the 19th century, the second sense has been politically appropriated to convey the racial notion of white supremacy. Recently, a fierce conceptual and socio-political controversy over the meaning and implications of the termAnglo-Saxonhas spilled over into academia, ultimately causing the vote of the members of theInternational Society of Anglo-Saxonists(ISAS) to change its name toInternational Society for the Study of Early Medieval England(ISSEME).We discuss this development as a paradigm case of controversies over the conceptual territory associated with a contested term. Using the Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model (Schmid 2020) as a theoretical framework, we analyze a large collection of Twitter posts (n ~ 510,000) with a view on the conventionalization and entrenchment processes involved in the conceptual and political controversy.
Genome Editing or Genome Cutting? Communicating CRISPR in the British and German Press
Authors: Lee Yoo Yung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I analyze the role of metaphors in public science communication. Specifically, it is a case study of the metaphors for CRISPR/Cas9, a controversial biotechnology that enables scientists to alter the DNA of any organism with unprecedented ease and has raised a number of societal, ethical and legal questions concerning its applications – most notably, on its usage on the human germline. Using a corpus of 600 newspaper articles from the British and German press, I show that there are striking differences in how these two European countries construe CRISPR in public discourse: the British press promotes the image of CRISPR as a word processor that allows scientists to edit the DNA, replacing spelling mistakes with healthy genes, whereas the German press depicts CRISPR as genetic scissors and thereby underlines the risk of mutations after cutting the DNA. I suggest that this contrast reflects differences in the legal frameworks of the respective countries and may influence the attitudes towards emerging biotechnologies among the British and German public.
Increase of mass transfer rates during osmotic dehydration of apples by application of moderate electric field
Authors: Fronza Aline , Ferreira Marczak Ligia Damasceno , Mercali Giovana Domeneghini 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Osmotic dehydration (OD) is a drying process that consists in placing the food in contact with concentrated solutions of soluble solids to reduce its water activity. The use of moderate electric field (MEF) may promote increase of the mass transfer rates due to the non-thermal effects of electroporation and permeabilization of the cells. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the mass transfer process kinetics during apples OD assisted by MEF, evaluating the non-thermal effects of this emerging technology. The experiments were conducted with sucrose solutions (40, 50 and 60%, m/m) at 40 °C. Samples were submitted to electrical field strength (0, 5.5 and 11.0 Vcm−1), according to an experimental design. Results indicated that the application of MEF favoured water loss and solid gain. The effective mass diffusivities of water and solids increased as voltage applied increases. Moreover, MEF negatively influenced color and reducing capacity of the samples.