bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitumor, cytotoxic, and antioxidant evaluation of six heterocyclic compounds containing different heterocycle moieties
Authors: Radwan Tasneem Mokhtar , El‐Hashash Maher Abdel‐Aziz , Wasfy Ashraf Abdel‐Hamid Farouk , Abdallah Suzan Abdelhalim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds with different heterocycle moieties, namely benzoxazinone, benzimidazole, quinazolinone, and benzofuranone heterocyclic rings, were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their anticancer activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) using sulforhodamine B (SRB) and dimethylthiazol‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Also, their cytotoxic activities were tested against human epithelioid carcinoma (Hela) cell line in comparison with normal cell, amniotic epithelial (WISH) cell line, as an in vitro toxicity estimation model. The results showed clearly that 2‐(2‐benzyl‐4‐oxoquinazolin‐3(4H)‐yl)acetohydrazide 4 is the most potent antioxidant and anticancer agents. Although, 3‐amino‐2‐benzylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one 5 is less potent anticancer agent against Hela but it is more safe against normal cell (WISH).
Proteomic characterization of the normal human medial meniscus body using data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry
Authors: Folkesson Elin , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Rydén Martin , Hughes Harini Velocity , Ali Neserin , Tjörnstrand Jon , Önnerfjord Patrik , Englund Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent research suggests an important role of the meniscus in the development of knee osteoarthritis. We, therefore, aimed to analyze the proteome of the normal human meniscus body, and specifically to gain new knowledge on global protein expression in the different radial zones. Medial menisci were retrieved from the right knees of 10 human cadaveric donors, from which we cut a 2 mm radial slice from the mid‐portion of the meniscal body. This slice was further divided into three zones: inner, middle, and peripheral. Proteins were extracted and prepared for mass spectrometric analysis using data‐independent acquisition. We performed subsequent data searches using Spectronaut Pulsar and used fixed‐effect linear regression models for statistical analysis. We identified 638 proteins and after statistical analysis, we observed the greatest number of differentially expressed proteins between the inner and peripheral zones (163 proteins) and the peripheral and middle zones (136 proteins), with myocilin being the protein with the largest fold‐change in both comparisons. Chondroadherin was one of eight proteins that differed between the inner and middle zones. Functional enrichment analyses showed that the peripheral one‐third of the medial meniscus body differed substantially from the two more centrally located zones, which were more similar to each other. This is probably related to the higher content of cells and vascularization in the peripheral zone, whereas the middle and inner zones of the meniscal body appear to be more similar to hyaline cartilage, with high levels of extracellular matrix proteins such as aggrecan and collagen type II.
Blinded, Double‐Dummy, Parallel‐Group, Phase 2a Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Highly Selective 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Type 4 Receptor Agonist in Critically Ill Patients With Enteral Feeding Intolerance
Authors: Chapman Marianne J. , Jones Karen L. , Almansa Cristina , Barnes Chris N. , Nguyen Deanna , Deane Adam M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDelayed gastric emptying is the leading cause of enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) in critical illness. This phase 2a study compared TAK‐954, a selective agonist of 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptors, with metoclopramide in critically ill patients with EFI (NCT01953081).MethodsA blinded, double‐dummy trial was conducted in mechanically ventilated patients with EFI (>200 mL gastric residual volume within 24 hours before randomization). Patients were randomized to receive either 0.5 mg intravenous TAK‐954 over 1 hour then 0.9% saline injection 4 times/d (sham metoclopramide) or the active comparator 10 mg intravenous metoclopramide 4 times/d and a 1‐hour 0.9% saline infusion. After initial dosing, participants received a radiolabeled meal of liquid nutrient (Ensure; 106 kcal), and gastric emptying was measured (scintigraphy). Adverse events (AEs) were recorded from the time of consent through to day 5; serious AEs were collected to day 30.ResultsThirteen patients (TAK‐954, n = 7; metoclopramide, n = 6) participated. Five patients in the TAK‐954 group and 4 in the metoclopramide group experienced AEs (2 and 3, respectively, were serious). All AEs except 1 (diarrhea in the metoclopramide group) were considered unrelated to study drug. Following treatment, a greater proportion of patients receiving TAK‐954 had normal gastric retention (<13% retention at 180 minutes) than those receiving metoclopramide (6/7 vs 3/6 patients, respectively).ConclusionA single dose of 0.5 mg intravenous TAK‐954 appears to have at least similar efficacy in accelerating gastric emptying to multiple doses of 10 mg metoclopramide and was not associated with increased AEs.
Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner) labial glands contain unique bacterial flora in contrast with their alimentary canal, mandibular glands, and Malpighian tubules
Authors: Lawrence Susan D. , Novak Nicole G. , Shao Jonathan , Ghosh Saikat Kumar B. , Blackburn Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, several studies have examined the gut microbiome of lepidopteran larvae and how factors such as host plant affect it, and in turn, how gut bacteria affect host plant responses to herbivory. In addition, other studies have detailed how secretions of the labial (salivary) glands can alter host plant defense responses. We examined the gut microbiome of the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) feeding on collards (Brassica oleracea) and separately analyzed the microbiomes of various organs that open directly into the alimentary canal, including the labial glands, mandibular glands, and the Malpighian tubules. In this study, the gut microbiome of T. ni was found to be generally consistent with those of other lepidopteran larvae in prior studies. The greatest diversity of bacteria appeared in the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteriodetes. Well‐represented genera included Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Diaphorobacter, Methylobacterium, Flavobacterium, and Cloacibacterium. Across all organs, two amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with the genera Diaphorobacter and Cloacibacterium appeared to be most abundant. In terms of the most prevalent ASVs, the alimentary canal, Malpighian tubules, and mandibular glands appeared to have similar complements of bacteria, with relatively few significant differences evident. However, aside from the Diaphorobacter and Cloacibacterium ASVs common to all the organs, the labial glands appeared to possess a distinctive complement of bacteria which was absent or poorly represented in the other organs. Among these were representatives of the Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Caulobacterium, Anaerococcus, and Methylobacterium. These results suggest that the labial glands present bacteria with different selective pressures than those occurring in the mandibular gland, Malpighian tubules and the alimentary canal. Given the documented effects that labial gland secretions and the gut microbiome can exert on host plant defenses, the effects exerted by the bacteria inhabiting the labial glands themselves deserve further study.
Outcomes in patient education programmes for people with rheumatic diseases: Results from a Delphi process and a study of feasibility and responsiveness
Authors: Røe Renate , Grønning Kjersti , Eriksson Liv Rognerud , Zangi Heidi A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient education (PE) is recommended as an integral part of disease management for people with chronic inflammatory arthritis (IA). There is no consensus on how PE should be evaluated and which outcome measures should be used.ObjectivesThis study had three aims: (a) to identify core aspects that PE for patients with IA may impact on; (b) to identify outcome measures to assess changes in these aspects; (c) to test the feasibility and responsiveness of the identified outcome measures.MethodsA Delphi process was conducted to identify core aspects and outcome measures. Feasibility and responsiveness were tested in a pre‐/post‐test study with 3 months follow‐up, including 104 patients attending PE programmes.ResultsSeven core aspects were identified: communication with health professionals, coping strategies, empowerment, knowledge about healthy life style, self‐efficacy, understanding disease and treatment, and sharing experiences. Four outcome measures were identified; Arthritis Self Efficacy Scale (ASES‐11), Effective Consumer scale (EC‐17), Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ) and Patient Activation Measure (PAM). At baseline, all measures had low rates of missing data. All measures except two heiQ subscales exhibited ceiling effects. Internal consistency was acceptable. At follow‐up, statistically significant, but small improvements were found in EC‐17 and three heiQ subscales.ConclusionASES and EC‐17 were found to be the most valid and feasible outcome measures to evaluate the identified core aspects of PE and can be recommended as outcome measures to assess PE programmes for patients with IA.
Tailoring the Spectrum: Low‐Cost Perovskite‐Polymer Composites
Authors: He Ziqian , Zhang Caicai , Dong Yajie , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs solid‐state lighting becomes smarter and strives for more than saving energy, the ability to tailor the spectrum following specific requirements offers tremendous opportunities. Here, four authors from the University of Central Florida propose low‐cost, light‐diffusing perovskite‐polymer composites to meet demand.
Three‐dimensional active earth pressure from cohesive backfills with tensile strength cutoff
Authors: Li Zheng‐Wei , Li Tian‐Zheng , Yang Xiao‐Li 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMost of previous analyses on the active earth pressure were performed in two‐dimensional cases using the Mohr‐Coulomb (M‐C) failure function to describe the soil strength. However, all failures of retained slopes indicate a somewhat three‐dimensional (3D) feature, and the M‐C function is found to overestimate the tensile strength of cohesive soil. In this work, a kinematic limit analysis–based approach is developed for computing the 3D active earth pressure resulting from cohesive backfills. The concept of tensile strength cutoff is adopted to implement the reduction or elimination of tensile strength from the strength envelope. An extended 3D horn failure mechanism that is associated with the modified strength envelope is developed to characterize the collapse of retained slopes. The resultant of active earth pressure is evaluated from the work rate balance equation and expressed as an unfactored coefficient. The obtained results indicate that less support provided by the wall is required when allowing the existence of soil cohesion and 3D effects and that eliminating the tensile strength can observably increase the active earth pressure, especially for the backfill with a great level of cohesion.
Elimination of Routine Gastric Residual Volume Monitoring Improves Patient Outcomes in Adult Critically Ill Patients in a Community Hospital Setting
Authors: Bruen Tracy , Rawal Shristi , Tomesko Jennifer , Byham‐Gray Laura 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundA community hospital updated its nutrition support practices in 2016 through the elimination of monitoring gastric residual volume (GRV) in accordance with the 2016 Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.MethodsThis retrospective analysis (N = 61) compared incidence of feeding intolerance in 2 cohorts of adult critically ill patients pre‐implementation (n = 36) and post‐implementation (n = 25) of these guidelines into a nutrition support team's standard of practice policy. Differences in kilocalories and protein (gm) received and percent of daily prescribed kilocalories and protein received were also compared between the 2 cohorts.ResultsMean episodes of gastrointestinal intolerance over the number of eligible days of receiving enteral nutrition in the critical care unit did not differ between the pre‐implementation and post‐implementation groups (P = 0.46). Compared with the pre‐implementation group, the post‐guideline implementation cohort was significantly more likely to meet higher percentages of both prescribed protein (71.8 ± 22.2% vs 55.9 ± 24.0%;P = 0.01) and energy requirements (93.4 ± 36.9% vs 69.6 ± 35.3%;P = 0.01), even after adjusting for potential confounders (age, body mass index, sex, and primary comorbid medical condition).ConclusionElimination of routine monitoring of GRV may result in a greater percentage of prescribed daily nutrient requirements met by patients in the critical care setting, without adverse effects on feeding intolerance.
Bedside Postpyloric Tube Placement and Enteral Nutrition Delivery in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Turner Ashley D. , Hamilton Susan M. , Callif Charles , Ariagno Katelyn A. , Arena Anastasia E. , Mehta Nilesh M. , Martinez Enid E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) delivery may be more effective via a postpyloric (PP) feeding tube in critically ill children, but tube placement can be challenging. We aimed to describe PP tube placement and EN practices in a multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after the implementation of a nurse‐led bedside PP tube‐placement program.MethodsIn a single‐center retrospective study, we identified 100 consecutive patients admitted to the PICU for >48 hours and for whom PP tube placement was attempted. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and details of PP tube placement and EN delivery were examined.ResultsThe study cohort had a median age (25th, 75th percentiles) of 3.89 years (0.55, 14.86); 66% were male. Respiratory illness was the primary diagnosis of admission (55%); 92% were on respiratory support. Risk of aspiration was the primary indication for PP tube placement (48%). Bedside placement was the initial technique for PP tube placement in 93% of patients (successful for 84.9%) and was not associated with serious complications. Eighty‐seven patients with a PP tube started EN and received a median 73.9% (12.3%, 100%) of prescribed energy goal on day 3 after EN initiation. PP EN allowed 14 of 39 patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) to transition off PN 7 days after EN initiation. Thirty‐five percent of EN interruptions were due to feeding‐tube dysfunction.ConclusionBedside PP tube placement is safe and feasible and allows for effective EN delivery and decreased PN use when applicable. Interruptions in PP EN due to tube malfunction are prevalent.
Overuse of proton pump inhibitors in nursing homes: An Italian multicenter observational study
Authors: Pasina Luca , Novella Alessio , Elli Chiara , Nobili Alessandro , Ianes Aladar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine the prevalence of residents receiving proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for evidence‐based indications in a large sample of Italian nursing homes (NHs) and to assess the predictors of potentially inappropriate prescriptions.MethodsThis study was conducted in a sample of Italian long‐term care NHs. Information on drug prescription, diseases, and socio‐demographic characteristics of NH residents was collected three times during 2018. Appropriate use of PPI was defined in accordance with the strongest evidence‐based indications and the Italian criteria for PPI prescription.ResultsAmong the 2579 patients recruited from 27 long‐term care NHs, 1177 (45.6%) were receiving PPIs; 597 (50.7%) were taking them for evidence‐based indications. Corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and mean number of drugs were the most important predictors of inappropriate PPIs prescriptions. NH residents receiving ≥13 drugs had about 10 times the risk of receiving a PPI than those taking 0 to 4 drugs. Similarly, residents with more comorbidity had about 2.5 times the risk of receiving a PPI than those in better health. The prevalence of residents inappropriately treated with PPI in individual NHs varied widely, ranging from 22% to 63%.ConclusionsNumber of drugs, comorbidity, corticosteroids, and anticoagulants are the most important predictors of the inappropriate use of PPI in NHs. The wide variability between NHs in the appropriate use of PPIs suggests the need for thorough drug review in this fragile and vulnerable population. Prescribing patterns linked to evidence‐based guidelines and national recommendations are essential for rational, cost‐effective use of PPIs.
Exsolution of Nickel Nanoparticles from Mixed‐Valence Metal Oxides: A Quantitative Evaluation by Magnetic Measurements
Authors: Tinti Victor B. , Marani Debora , Ferlauto Andre S. , Fonseca Fabio C. , Esposito Vincenzo , de Florio Daniel Z. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA fast and accurate experimental method is demonstrated to assess the fraction of exsolved metallic nanoparticles using magnetic measurements. As a benchmark, nanometric metallic nickel exsolved from (La1−xSrx)(Cr1−yNiy)O3−δ is used for its high relevance as a solid oxide fuel cell component. The method is based on the difference in the magnetic response of the exsolved metallic nickel (ferromagnetic) and Sr‐doped lanthanum chromite ceramic matrix (paramagnetic). The exsolved nickel results in coherent nanoparticles pinned on the surface of the Sr‐doped lanthanum chromite ceramic matrix, as evidenced by electron microscopy analyses. The results obtained indicate the procedure as a fast and sensitive method to study the exsolution of ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
Development of a sweet pepper harvesting robot
Authors: Arad Boaz , Balendonck Jos , Barth Ruud , Ben‐Shahar Ohad , Edan Yael , Hellström Thomas , Hemming Jochen , Kurtser Polina , Ringdahl Ola , Tielen Toon , van Tuijl Bart 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the development, testing and validation of SWEEPER, a robot for harvesting sweet pepper fruit in greenhouses. The robotic system includes a six degrees of freedom industrial arm equipped with a specially designed end effector, RGB‐D camera, high‐end computer with graphics processing unit, programmable logic controllers, other electronic equipment, and a small container to store harvested fruit. All is mounted on a cart that autonomously drives on pipe rails and concrete floor in the end‐user environment. The overall operation of the harvesting robot is described along with details of the algorithms for fruit detection and localization, grasp pose estimation, and motion control. The main contributions of this paper are the integrated system design and its validation and extensive field testing in a commercial greenhouse for different varieties and growing conditions. A total of 262 fruits were involved in a 4‐week long testing period. The average cycle time to harvest a fruit was 24 s. Logistics took approximately 50% of this time (7.8 s for discharge of fruit and 4.7 s for platform movements). Laboratory experiments have proven that the cycle time can be reduced to 15 s by running the robot manipulator at a higher speed. The harvest success rates were 61% for the best fit crop conditions and 18% in current crop conditions. This reveals the importance of finding the best fit crop conditions and crop varieties for successful robotic harvesting. The SWEEPER robot is the first sweet pepper harvesting robot to demonstrate this kind of performance in a commercial greenhouse.
On the secrecy performance of integrated satellite‐aerial‐terrestrial networks
Authors: Cheng Guoqiang , Huang Qingquan , Xing Ruiyang , Lin Min , Upadhyay Prabhat K. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates secure transmission of an integrated satellite‐aerial‐terrestrial network (ISATN), where multiple eavesdroppers (Eves) attempt to overhear the satellite signals cooperatively. The ISATN adopts an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with multiple antennas as a relay with threshold‐based decode‐and‐forward (DF) protocol. By assuming that perfect instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the satellite‐UAV link and the statistical CSI of the UAV‐user link are available, we first propose a beamforming (BF) scheme for maximizing the achievable secrecy rate (ASR) of the considered network. Then, we derive the analytical expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) of the considered system with the BF strategy under an assumption that the satellite‐UAV link undergoes the shadowed‐Rician fading, while the UAV‐user link experiences the correlated Rayleigh fading. Finally, numerical results are given to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed BF scheme against zero forcing (ZF) and maximal ratio transmission (MRT) schemes and the validity of the secrecy performance analysis.
Codelivery of Anti‐PD‐1 Antibody and Paclitaxel with Matrix Metalloproteinase and pH Dual‐Sensitive Micelles for Enhanced Tumor Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Su Zhenwei , Xiao Zecong , Wang Yong , Huang Jinsheng , An Yongcheng , Wang Xu , Shuai Xintao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is demonstrating great potential in cancer immunotherapy nowadays. Yet, the low response rate to ICB remains an urgent challenge for tumor immunotherapy. A pH and matrix metalloproteinase dual‐sensitive micellar nanocarrier showing spatio‐temporally controlled release of anti‐PD‐1 antibody (aPD‐1) and paclitaxel (PTX) in solid tumors is prepared to realize synergistic cancer chemoimmunotherapy. Antitumor immunity can be activated by PTX‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD), while aPD‐1 blocks the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis to suppress the immune escape due to PTX‐induced PD‐L1 up‐regulation, thus resulting in a synergistic antitumor chemoimmunotherapy. Through decoration with a sheddable polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell, the nanodrug may better accumulate in tumors to boost the synergistic antitumor treatment in a mouse melanoma model. The present study demonstrates a potent antitumor chemoimmunotherapy utilizing tumor microenvironment‐sensitive micelles bearing a sheddable PEG layer to mediate site‐specific sequential release of aPD‐1 and PTX.