bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio pulsations from the γ-ray millisecond pulsar PSR J2039–5617
Authors: Corongiu A , Mignani R P , Seyffert A S , Clark C J , Venter C , Nieder L , Possenti A , Burgay M , Belfiore A , De Luca A , Ridolfi A , Wadiasingh Z 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The predicted nature of the candidate redback pulsar 3FGL J2039.6–5618 was recently confirmed by the discovery of γ-ray millisecond pulsations (Clark et al., hereafter Paper I), which identify this γ-ray source as PSR J2039–5617. We observed this object with the Parkes radio telescope in 2016 and 2019. We detect radio pulsations at 1.4 and 3.1 GHz, at the 2.6 ms period discovered in γ-rays, and also at 0.7 GHz in one 2015 archival observation. In all bands, the radio pulse profile is characterized by a single relatively broad peak which leads the main γ-ray peak. At 1.4 GHz, we found clear evidence of eclipses of the radio signal for about half of the orbit, a characteristic phenomenon in redback systems, which we associate with the presence of intra-binary gas. From the dispersion measure of 24.57 ± 0.03 pc cm−3, we derive a pulsar distance of 0.9 ± 0.2 or 1.7 ± 0.7 kpc, depending on the assumed Galactic electron density model. The modelling of the radio and γ-ray light curves leads to an independent determination of the orbital inclination, and to a determination of the pulsar mass, qualitatively consistent to the results in Paper I.
Evolutionary stages and triggering process of a complex eruptive flare with circular and parallel ribbons
Authors: Joshi Navin Chandra , Joshi Bhuwan , Mitra Prabir K 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We report multiwavelength study of a complex M-class solar eruptive flare that consists of three different sets of flare ribbons, viz. circular, parallel, and remote ribbons. Magnetic field modelling of source active region NOAA 12242 exhibits the presence of 3D null-point magnetic topology that encompasses an inner bipolar region. The event initiates with the faint signatures of the circular ribbon along with remote brightening right from the pre-flare phase that points toward the ongoing slow yet persistent null-point reconnection. We first detected flux cancellation and an associated brightening, which are likely signatures of tether-cutting reconnection that builds the flux rope near the polarity inversion line (PIL) of the inner bipolar region. In the next stage, with the onset of M8.7 flare, there is a substantial enhancement in the brightening of circular ribbon, which essentially suggests an increase in the rate of ongoing null-point reconnection. Finally, the eruption of underlying flux rope triggers ‘standard flare reconnection’ beneath it producing an abrupt rise in the intensity of the parallel ribbons as well as enhancing the rate of null-point reconnection by external forcing. We show that within the the fan dome, the region with magnetic decay index n &gt; 1.5 borders the null-point QSL. Our analysis suggests that both the torus instability and the breakout model have played role toward the triggering mechanism for the eruptive flare. This event is a nice example of the dynamical evolution of a flux rope initially confined in a null-point topology that subsequently activates and erupts with the progression of the circular-cum-parallel ribbon flare.
On the phase-space structure of galaxy clusters from cosmological simulations
Authors: Marini I , Saro A , Borgani S , Murante G , Rasia E , Dolag K , Lin W , Napolitano N R , Ragagnin A , Tornatore L , Wang Y 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmological N-body simulations represent an excellent tool to study the formation and evolution of dark matter (DM) haloes and the mechanisms that have originated the universal profile at the largest mass scales in the Universe. In particular, the combination of the velocity dispersion σv with the density ρ can be used to define the pseudo-entropy $S(r)=\sigma _\mathrm{v}^2/\rho ^{\, 2/3}$, whose profile is well described by a simple power law $S\propto \, r^{\, \alpha }$. We analyse a set of cosmological hydrodynamical re-simulations of massive galaxy clusters and study the pseudo-entropy profiles as traced by different collisionless components in simulated galaxy clusters: DM, stars, and substructures. We analyse four sets of simulations, exploring different resolution and physics (N-body and full hydrodynamical simulations) to investigate convergence and the impact of baryons. We find that baryons significantly affect the inner region of pseudo-entropy profiles as traced by substructures, while DM particles profiles are characterized by an almost universal behaviour, thus suggesting that the level of pseudo-entropy could represent a potential low-scatter mass-proxy. We compare observed and simulated pseudo-entropy profiles and find good agreement in both normalization and slope. We demonstrate, however, that the method used to derive observed pseudo-entropy profiles could introduce biases and underestimate the impact of mergers. Finally, we investigate the pseudo-entropy traced by the stars focusing our interest in the dynamical distinction between intracluster light and the stars bound to the brightest cluster galaxy: the combination of these two pseudo-entropy profiles is well described by a single power law out to almost the entire cluster virial radius.
Tackling the FeO orange band puzzle in meteor and airglow spectra through combined astronomical and laboratory studies
Authors: Popov A M , Berezhnoy A A , Borovička J , Labutin T A , Zaytsev S M , Stolyarov A V 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The iron oxide ‘orange arc’ bands are unambiguously detected in persistent meteor trains, meteor wakes, and clouds, as well as in the terrestrial airglow. In contrast to the majority of other astronomically important diatomic molecules, theoretical simulation of the FeO rovibronic spectra is not feasible due to the extremely condensed and strongly perturbed multiplet structure of its excited states. In this work, the time-evolution of the laser-induced breakdown spectra (LIBS) of high-purity iron recorded in air at high temperature and impact conditions is used to mimic the FeO pseudo-continuum emission observed during meteor events and the terrestrial night airglow. The relative intensity distributions in the structural continuum of the LIBS spectra are measured at 530–660 nm and a plasma temperature of 1500–6500 K. The anomalous increase of the intensity observed at 620–640 nm and temperature &lt; 2000 K could be attributed to the emission of higher oxides of iron as explained by the conducted thermodynamic and kinetic modelling of iron burning in the atmosphere.
Copeptin and renal function decline, cardiovascular events and mortality in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Heinrich Niels S , Theilade Simone , Winther Signe A , Tofte Nete , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S , Jeppesen Jørgen L , Persson Frederik , Hansen Tine W , Goetze Jens P , Rossing Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Plasma copeptin is a surrogate of arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion and is associated with a risk of renal and cardiovascular disease. We investigated associations between copeptin and renal events, cardiovascular events and mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study on 658 individuals with T1D from Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen. Plasma copeptin concentrations and conventional risk factors were assessed at baseline. The five endpoints were traced through national registries and electronic laboratory records.

Results
Baseline mean age was 55 ± 13 years and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 81 ± 26 mL/min/1.73 m2. The median follow-up was 6.2 years (interquartile range 5.8–6.7); 123 participants reached a combined renal endpoint [decline in eGFR ≥30%, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or all-cause mortality], 93 had a decrease in eGFR ≥30%, 21 developed ESKD, 94 experienced a combined cardiovascular endpoint and 58 died from all causes. Higher copeptin was associated with all endpoints in unadjusted Cox regression analyses. Upon adjustment for baseline eGFR, the associations were attenuated and remained significant only for the combined renal endpoint and decrease in eGFR ≥30%. Results were similar upon further adjustment for other risk factors, after which hazard ratios for the two renal endpoints were 2.27 (95% confidence interval 1.08–4.74) and 4.49 (1.77–11.4), respectively, for the highest versus the lowest quartile of copeptin.

Conclusions
Higher copeptin was an independent risk marker for a combined renal endpoint and decline in renal function. AVP may be a marker of renal damage or a factor whose contribution to renal and cardiovascular risk is partially mediated by renal damage.
The evolution of the cancer stem cell state in glioblastoma: emerging insights into the next generation of functional interactions
Authors: Mitchell Kelly , Troike Katie , Silver Daniel J , Lathia Justin D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCellular heterogeneity is a hallmark of advanced cancers and has been ascribed in part to a population of self-renewing, therapeutically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, has served as a platform for the study of CSCs. In addition to illustrating the complexities of CSC biology, these investigations have led to a deeper understanding of GBM pathogenesis, revealed novel therapeutic targets, and driven innovation towards the development of next-generation therapies. While there continues to be an expansion in our knowledge of how CSCs contribute to GBM progression, opportunities have emerged to revisit this conceptual framework. In this review, we will summarize the current state of CSCs in GBM using key concepts of evolution as a paradigm (variation, inheritance, selection, and time) to describe how the CSC state is subject to alterations of cell intrinsic and extrinsic interactions that shape their evolutionarily trajectory. We identify emerging areas for future consideration, including appreciating CSCs as a cell state that is subject to plasticity, as opposed to a discrete population. These future considerations will not only have an impact on our understanding of this ever-expanding field but will also provide an opportunity to inform future therapies to effectively treat this complex and devastating disease.
Bigger is Still Better: A Step Forward in Reperfusion With React 71
Authors: Gross Bradley A , Hudson Joseph S , Tonetti Daniel A , Desai Shashvat M , Lang Michael J , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Jankowitz Brian T , Jovin Tudor G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
While multiple new larger-bore aspiration catheters have been introduced for stroke thrombectomy, sizeable cohort outcome studies are lacking along with meaningful comparative studies to evaluate whether they represent a clinically relevant improvement compared to predecessors.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate comparative angiographic and clinical outcomes between an 071 and 068 aspiration catheter.

METHODS
The authors reviewed an institutional thrombectomy database extracting the first 150 consecutive cases utilizing React 71 (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) with a comparison of background/demographic, procedural, angiographic, and clinical outcome variables to a cohort of patients treated with our previously most frequently utilized 0.068-inch aspiration catheter.

RESULTS
In our React 71 cohort, successful reperfusion (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI] 2b-3) was achieved in 95% of cases. In comparison to a prior cohort of 96 patients treated with a 0.068-inch catheter, there was no statistically significant difference in rates of successful reperfusion (TICI 2b-3), initial disposition, and 90-d outcome. However, the frequency of single pass cases was significantly higher in the React 71 cohort (47% vs 35%, P = .019 on multivariate analysis) along with the rate of TICI 2c-3 reperfusion after the first pass (26% vs 14%, P = .019 on multivariate analysis), and final TICI 2c-3 reperfusion (39% vs 28%, P = .04 on multivariate analysis).

CONCLUSION
While rates of TICI 2b-3 reperfusion and clinical outcome results were similar, our study suggests that a newer, larger bore aspiration catheter may be associated with a greater frequency of single pass cases and higher quality reperfusion, judged as TICI 2c-3 frequency after the first and final pass.
Mediation of the association between obesity and osteoarthritis by blood pressure, vessel wall stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis
Authors: Loef Marieke , van der Geest Rob J , Lamb Hildo J , de Mutsert Renée , le Cessie Saskia , Rosendaal Frits R , Kloppenburg Margreet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
We investigated the role of blood pressure, vessel wall stiffness [pulse wave velocity (PWV)] and subclinical atherosclerosis markers [carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), popliteal vessel wall thickness (pVWT)] as mediators of the association of obesity with OA.

Methods
We used cross-sectional data from a subset of the population-based NEO study (n = 6334). We classified clinical hand and knee OA by the ACR criteria, and structural knee OA, effusion and bone marrow lesions on MRI (n = 1285). cIMT was assessed with ultrasonography. pVWT was estimated on knee MRI (n = 1285), and PWV by abdominal velocity-encoded MRIs (n = 2580), in subpopulations. Associations between BMI and OA were assessed with logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex and education. Blood pressure, cIMT, pVWT and PWV were added to the model to estimate mediation.

Results
The population consisted of 55% women, with a mean (s.d.) age of 56(6) years. Clinical hand OA was present in 8%, clinical knee OA in 10%, and structural knee OA in 12% of participants. BMI was positively associated with all OA outcomes. cIMT partially mediated the association of BMI with clinical hand OA [10.6 (6.2; 30.5)%], structural knee OA [3.1 (1.9; 7.3)%] and effusion [10.8 (6.0; 37.6)%]. Diastolic blood pressure [2.1 (1.6; 3.0)%] minimally mediated the association between BMI and clinical knee OA. PWV and pVWT did not mediate the association between BMI and OA.

Conclusions
cIMT and diastolic blood pressure minimally mediated the association of BMI with OA. This suggests that such mediation is trivial in the middle-aged population.
Differential Synaptic Dynamics and Circuit Connectivity of Hippocampal and Thalamic Inputs to the Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Canetta Sarah , Teboul Eric , Holt Emma , Bolkan Scott S , Padilla-Coreano Nancy , Gordon Joshua A , Harrison Neil L , Kellendonk Christoph 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) integrates inputs from multiple subcortical regions including the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) and the ventral hippocampus (vHPC). How the mPFC differentially processes these inputs is not known. One possibility is that these two inputs target discreet populations of mPFC cells. Alternatively, individual prefrontal cells could receive convergent inputs but distinguish between both inputs based on synaptic differences, such as communication frequency. To address this, we utilized a dual wavelength optogenetic approach to stimulate MD and vHPC inputs onto single, genetically defined mPFC neuronal subtypes. Specifically, we compared the convergence and synaptic dynamics of both inputs onto mPFC pyramidal cells, and parvalbumin (PV)- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons. We found that all individual pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of the mPFC receive convergent input from both MD and vHPC. In contrast, PV neurons receive input biased from the MD, while VIP cells receive input biased from the vHPC. Independent of the target, MD inputs transferred information more reliably at higher frequencies (20 Hz) than vHPC inputs. Thus, MD and vHPC projections converge functionally onto mPFC pyramidal cells, but both inputs are distinguished by frequency-dependent synaptic dynamics and preferential engagement of discreet interneuron populations.
Optimal Reconstruction of Sagittal Alignment According to Global Alignment And Proportion Score Can Reduce Adjacent Segment Degeneration After Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Wang Muyi , Xu Liang , Chen Xi , Zhou Qingshuang , Du Changzhi , Yang Bo , Zhu Zezhang , Wang Bin , Qiu Yong , Sun Xu 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
A retrospective study

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Global Alignment and Proportion (GAP) score to predict the occurrence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after fusion surgery for lumbar degenerative diseases.

Summary of Background Data.
The recently developed GAP score was applied to predict postoperative complications for adult spinal deformity, as well as to facilitate future outcome-based research on optimal treatment for various spinal conditions. However, it remains unclear whether reconstruction of alignment according to GAP score can reduce the ASD rates.

Methods.
This study retrospectively reviewed 126 consecutive patients who had undergone lumbar fusion and had been followed over 2 years. Pre- and postoperative radiographs and MRI were analyzed for ASD. GAP scores were calculated based on the early postoperative spinopelvic parameters. Cochran-Armitage test of trend was performed to investigate the association between GAP score and the occurrence of ASD. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the predictive accuracy of the GAP score for ASD.

Results.
Radiographical ASD (R-ASD) and symptomatic ASD (S-ASD) were diagnosed in 44 (34.9%) patients and in 13 (10.3%) patients, respectively. The patients with a proportioned spinopelvic state according to the GAP score had significantly lower rates of ASD (R-ASD and S-ASD) or S-ASD than those with a moderately or severely disproportioned spinopelvic state. The area under curve for the GAP score predicting ASD and S-ASD was 0.691 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.596∼0.785, P < 0.01) and 0.865 (95% CI: 0.771∼0.958, P < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusion.
Our study revealed a significant association between postoperative GAP score and occurrence of ASD after lumbar fusion surgery. Setting surgical goals according to the GAP score may help reduce the occurrence of ASD, especially for S-ASD.

Level of Evidence: 4
Development and Validation of a Multidomain Surgical Complication Classification System for Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Klineberg Eric O. , Wick Joseph B. , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie , Pellise Ferran , Haddad Sleiman , Yilgor Caglar , Núñez-Pereira Susana , Gupta Munish , Smith Justin S. , Shaffrey Christopher , Schwab Frank , Ames Christopher , Bess Shay , Lewis Stephen , Lenke Lawrence G. , Berven Sigurd 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Prospective analysis of example cases

Objective.
The aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy and repeatability of a new comprehensive classification system for capturing complications data in adult spinal deformity.

Summary of Background Data.
Complications are common in adult spinal deformity surgery. However, no consensus exists on the definition or classification of complications in adult spinal deformity surgery. The lack of consensus significantly limits understanding of complications’ effects on outcomes in surgery for adult spinal deformity.

Methods.
Using a Delphi method, members of the International Spine Study Group, AO Spine, and the European Spine Study Group collaborated to develop an adult spinal deformity classification system. The multidomain classification system accounts for medical complications (cancer, cardiopulmonary, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, infectious, musculoskeletal, renal) and surgical complications (implant complications, radiographic complications, neurologic events, intraoperative events, and wound complications). Seventeen individuals (“event readers”), including spine surgeons, trainees, and research coordinators, used the new classification system two separate times to analyze complications in ten example cases. The accuracy and repeatability of the classification system were subsequently calculated based on the providers’ responses for the example cases.

Results.
The 10 example cases included 22 complications. Nearly 95% of complications were captured by >95% of the event readers. The system demonstrated good repeatability of 86.9% between the first and second set of responses provided by event readers.

Conclusion.
The ISSG-AO Multi-Domain Spinal Deformity Complication Classification System for Adult Spinal Deformity demonstrated good accuracy and repeatability among both surgeons and research coordinators in capturing complications in adult spinal deformity surgery. The ISSG-AO system may be applied to help better understand the impact of complications on outcomes and costs in adult spinal deformity surgery.

Level of Evidence: 5
A New Global Spinal Balance Classification Based on Individual Pelvic Anatomical Measurements in Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Nakashima Hiroaki , Kawakami Noriaki , Ohara Tetsuya , Saito Toshiki , Tauchi Ryoji , Imagama Shiro 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
A retrospective study.

Objective.
This study aims to establish a new, easy-to-implement global spinal balance (GSB) classification based on individual pelvic anatomical measurements in adult spinal deformity patients, and to validate this classification in terms of patients’ quality of life (QOL).

Summary of Background Data.
Coronal (central sacral vertical line) and sagittal (C7 sagittal vertical axis [C7 SVA]) lines are standard parameters to evaluate GSB. However, these parameters do not consider individual differences in height and physique. Therefore, a new classification to more simply evaluate GSB related to QOL would be a beneficial tool.

Methods.
This study included 279 patients with adult spinal deformity. The enrollment criteria included age >18 years and scoliosis >30°. GSB was evaluated based on C7 coronal vertical axis and C7 SVA, and was graded with our sagittal (Grades 1–3) and coronal classifications (Grades 1–3), where larger values represented worse GSB. In addition, total global balance classification (Grades 1–3) was also established based on both coronal and sagittal classifications. Patient self-assessment measures of health status were collected using the Scoliosis Research Society patient questionnaire (SRS-22). The relationships between responses to the SRS-22 and GSB were evaluated using partial correlation coefficients, adjusted by age.

Results.
A newly described coronal classification correlated with the preoperative function (P < 0.02), pain (P = 0.001), subtotal (P < 0.001) domains in the SRS-22, whereas a newly described sagittal classification was correlated with the preoperative subtotal domain (P < 0.001). There were also significant correlations between total global balance and the preoperative function (P = 0.03) and subtotal domains (P < 0.001) in the SRS-22.

Conclusion.
We present a simple new classification for GSB that strongly correlates with QOL in patients with adult spinal deformity, thereby translating clinical data into meaningful patient outcomes and livelihoods.

Level of Evidence: 4