bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose-Dependent Chemopreventive Effect of Methanol Extract of Carica papaya Seed on Potassium Bromate- Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Kanadi M. A. , Wudil A. M. , Alhassan A. J. , Ngwen A. L. , Yaradua A. I. , Nasir A. 
Published: November 2019

Aim: To investigate the effect of Carica papaya seed extract on KBrO3 - induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Renal toxicity was induced by a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of KBrO3.
Study Design: Thirty (30) male albino rats were divided into six groups, five rats per group; normal control, KBrO3 control, papaya control and KBrO3 group administered with methanol seed extract of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight for 48 hours.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, from April 2018 to August 2018.
Methodology: Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes were determined using kits from randox laboratories. Furthermore, activities of renal brush border membrane marker enzymes namely γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), maltase (Mal) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and some parameters of oxidative stress including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in homogenates prepared from renal cortex and medulla of the kidney of rats using colorimetric methods.
Results: Administration of KBrO3 significantly (P<0.05) increases the serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid and all electrolytes studied in a dose-dependent fashion from 200mg/kg to 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg in that order. Furthermore, the activities of GGT, ALP, Mal and LAP decrease in renal homogenates with KBrO3 administration. Also the activities of CAT, SOD, GPx and level of GSH decreases while the level of MDA significantly (P<0.05) increases however concurrent administration of Carica papaya seed extract prevented all the KBrO3- induced changes in the biochemical parameters studied .
Conclusion: It was suggested that methanol seed extract of Carica papaya possess nephroprotective effect against KBrO3 –induced renal toxicity and oxidative stress, and the most effective dose was 600 mg/kg body weight.
Cytotoxicity of N-(P-chlorophenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin -3-yl carboxamide and Ethyl 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl Ester
Authors: Tmamm A. S. , Mohammed F. Z. , El-Deen I. M. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Coumarins (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), an important class of heterocyclic compounds, and its derivatives can be found in many natural or synthetic drug molecules and possess versatile bioactivities making them important molecules for medical practitioners and medicinal chemists.
Aims and Objective: Our study aims to evaluate cytotoxicity of new Coumarin derivatives: N-(P-chlorophenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl carboxamide (comp-3) and Ethyl 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl ester (comp-2) against four human cell lines such as human breast cancer (MCF-7), human liver cancer (HEPG-2), human colon cancer (HCT) and human prostate cancer cell (PC-3).
Methodology: The ethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin-3-ylester (comp-2) was prepared via cyclocon-densation of 2, 4-dihydroxybenzaldhyde with diethylmalonate in the presence of piperidine under fusion followed by Amonolyses with 4-chloro-aniline in the presence of acid medium under fusion produced the N-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl carboxamide (comp-3).
Result: The synthesized compounds have potent cytotoxicity against different tumor cell lines (MCF-7, HEPG-2, HCT, and PC-3).
Discussion: The compound N-(P-chlorophenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl carboxamide (comp-3) is better than Ethyl 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl ester (comp-2) because of the nature of the halogen atom (a chlorine or a bromine atom) in the ‘meta’ position of the phenyl ring relative to the ester oxygen atom of 2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran- 3-carboxylate led to a better anti-tumor effect than that observed in the absence of any substituent.
Expression of PDCD1 (PD-1) Gene among Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients with Real-Time PCR Application
Authors: Ahmadpanah Seyed Mohammad Amin , Ghanbari Mohammadreza , Janani Seyed Alireza , Nemati Fahimeh 
Published: November 2019

Background: PD-L1 is the main ligand is expressed on many tumors including lung cancer and is expressed in hematopoietic cells and various leukemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PD-1 gene and the evaluation of cancerous grades of NSCLC and its subclasses from lung cancer patients in Tehran hospitals using Real-Time PCR.
Materials and Methods: A total of 35 clinical samples were collected from patients with NSCLC-derived lung cancer from three hospitals in Tehran (Khatam Hospital, Athiyah Hospital, and Masih Hospital). Of the 35 samples collected in 2017, 20% of the patients were women and 80% of them were male. The range of patients’ age spectrum was 37 - 80 years. The disease grade of the patients in this study was varied and 22 different grades among them. To investigate the PDCD-1 gene expression level, after extraction of RNA and cDNA synthesis the Real-Time PCR was done and the expression of the gene was investigated.
Results: The highest grade was IIIa which contained 6 patients (17.1%). 74% of adenocarcinoma cases were in T-categories of lung cancer and 25% of patients were in grade IIIa. Patients with the grade of T3 were observed in 4 samples, 2 had adenocarcinoma and 2 with SCC with age range of 55 -62 years. The results showed that the expression of PDCD-1 increased 2.46 Fold more in patients with lung cancer than NSCLC.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the PDCD1 or PD-1 expression of NSCLC-type lung cancer compared with healthy individuals, and using the RT-PCR for ease and rapidity it can be proved.
Extraction, Purification and Kinetic Study of Lactate Dehydrogenase of Male Chicken from Ebocha-oil Exploration Area, Nigeria
Authors: E. Esonu Chimdi , C. Onyeze G. O. , M. E. Iheanacho Kizito , N. Nwaogu Linus , Odirichukwu Simon-Peter 
Published: November 2019

Aim: This study focused on the extraction, purification and kinetic studies of lactate dehydrogenase of male chickens from Ebocha oil exploration area, Imo state, Nigeria.
Methods: Twenty-one apparently healthy mature (6-9 months) male chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Ebocha oil exploration area, Imo State, Nigeria were screened for lactate dehydrogenase activity, thus accessing the level of chronic cell exposure to gas flaring. Their thigh muscle tissues were severed and investigated for lactate dehydrogenase activity using the standard method and sodium pyruvate as the substrate. Lactate dehydrogenase was isolated and purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, desalted by dialysis and then gel filtration.
Results: The enzyme activity increased with advancement in the purification steps and was maximum using dialysis. The values for the lactate dehydrogenase activities were 103.43±3.27 U/L, 279.50±5.38 U/L, 318.16±13.08 U/L, 100.47±2.59 U/L, with a purification fold of 1, 3.7, 6.24 and 2.55 for the purification steps respectively. Also, the values of the protein concentrations were 0.071 mg/ml, 0.050 mg/ml, 0.035 mg/ml and 0.027 mg/ml (values for the crude enzyme, ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration respectively). The enzyme showed optimal activity at pH range of 5.5-6.5 and temperature of 30ºC-40ºC. Using sodium pyruvate as the substrate, with a fixed enzyme volume, an increase in the concentration of substrate resulted in increase in enzyme activity until a saturation point 0.3mM was reached. The apparent Km and Vmax values obtained were 0.01 mM and 0.12 U/mg/min. The Lineweaver-burk plot of the partially purified enzyme gave real Km and Vmax values of 0.20 mM and 0.16 U/mg/min respectively.
Conclusion: Partial purification procedures and biochemical properties of lactate dehydrogenase, from the muscle tissues of male chickens of Ebocha origin, gives room for more investigation on the metabolic shift caused by chronic exposure of the environment, humans and livestock to gas flaring and petroleum exploration.
Effects of Powdered Stem Bark of Terminalia avicennioides Made as Dietary Feed Fed to Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei, on Liver Function
Authors: Owoloye Afolabi , Akanbi Olusegun Matthew , Bakare Oluwafemi Shittu 
Published: November 2019

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the antiplasmodial activity and effect of stem bark of Terminalia avicennioides made as dietary feed fed to mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, on some serum biochemistry.
Methodology: Twenty (20) mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 was not infected with Plasmodium berghei (normal control), Group 2 was infected with P. berghei but not treated (negative control). Group 3 was infected and treated with 5.0 mg/kg of Arthemeter-Lumefantrine (positive control). Groups 4 was infected and fed with treated feed (T. avicennioides). Treatments were carried out for five days. Blood was taken daily from the tail of the mice before treatment for the assessment of parasitaemia. The animals were sacrificed on the fifth day and the whole blood was collected into EDTA bottle. Serum obtained was used to assay for biochemical parameters.
Results: Parasitaemia count was significantly lower (p<0.05) in all the treated groups when compared with the negative control group. The high-density lipoprotein was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the normal control (123.14±3.19) when compared with the positive control (99.18±2.76), negative control (85.29±0.85) and the group treated with T avicennioides (86.14±3.21). The serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase level in the group treated with T. avicennioides (167.90±4.13, 15.87±1.32 and 17.50±1.95) respectively were significantly reduced (p<0.05) when compared with the negative control (197.25±5.44, 20.01±1.32 and 26.71±0.45) respectively. The mean bilirubin and albumin level in the negative control showed no significant difference when compared with the group fed with T. avicennioides.
Conclusion: The study concluded that T. avicennioides have antiplasmodial activity with a mild adverse effect on liver function.
Protein structure determination using a Riemannian approach
Authors: Wei Xian , Li Zhi‐Cheng , Li Shi‐Jian , Peng Xu‐Biao , Zhao Qing 
Published: November 2019

Protein NMR structure determination is one of the most extensively studied problems. Here, we adopt a novel method based on a matrix completion technique – the Riemannian approach – to rebuild the protein structure from the nuclear Overhauser effect distance restraints and the dihedral angle restraints. In comparison with the cyana method, the results generated via the Riemannian approach are more similar to the standard X‐ray crystallographic structures as a result of the simple but powerful internal calculation processing function. In addition, our results demonstrate that the Riemannian approach has a comparable or even better performance than the cyana method on other structural assessment metrics, including the stereochemical quality and restraint violations. The Riemannian approach software is available at: https://github.com/xubiaopeng/Protein_Recon_MCRiemman.
Smart Wide‐Bandgap Omnidirectional Reflector as an Effective Hole‐Injection Electrode for Deep‐UV Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Tae Ho , Park Tae Hoon , Shin Hee Woong , Maeda Noritoshi , Jo Masafumi , Hirayama Hideki , Kim Bo‐Hyun , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeep‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (DUV‐LEDs) find widespread applications in various industries and are a focus area in environmental and life science research. However, the quantum efficiency of DUV‐LEDs is still low because of the unbalanced hole injection, high operation voltage, and low reflectivity of the p‐electrode. In this study, a smart wide‐bandgap omnidirectional reflector (ODR), which simultaneously acts as an effective hole‐injection electrode, is demonstrated for a flip‐chip DUV‐LED. The smart ODR is composed of p‐type AlGaN (p‐AlGaN)/Ni:AlN/Al with a high reflectivity of 94.2% at 280 nm, in which AlN with a theoretically calculated thickness of 40 nm is Ni‐doped using the pulsed electrical breakdown (PEBD) method. The smart ODR‐mounted AlGaN‐multiquantum‐well‐based DUV‐LED exhibits a remarkable wall‐plug efficiency (4.8%) and high external quantum efficiency (8.5%) at a low operation voltage of 9.75 V owing to the fused layer of Ni3N and Ga vacancies formed in the interfacial region of the p‐AlGaN and AlN layers, through the mutual diffusion of Ni and Ga during PEBD. The interface‐mediated Ohmic contact leads to an effective hole injection without reducing the reflectivity, yielding increased optical output and electric input powers. The proposed smart ODR can provide an innovative route for the manipulation of DUV light.
Selenenate Anions (PhSeO−) as Organocatalyst: Synthesis of trans‐Stilbenes and a PPV Derivative
Authors: Zheng Zhipeng , Trofymchuk Oleksandra S. , Kurogi Takashi , Varela Elena , Mindiola Daniel J. , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe selenenate anion (RSeO−) is introduced as an active organocatalyst for the dehydrohalogen coupling of benzyl halides to form trans‐stilbenes. It is shown that RSeO− is a more reactive catalyst than the previously reported sulfur analogues (sulfenate anion, RSO−) and selenolate anions (RSe−) in the aforementioned reaction. This catalytic system was also applied to the benzylic‐chloromethyl‐coupling polymerization (BCCP) of a bis‐chloromethyl arene to form ppv (poly(p‐phenylene vinylene))‐type polymers with high yields, Mn (average molecular weight) up to 13,000 and Đ (dispersity) of 1.15.magnified image
The Keyword Effect: A Grounded Theory Study Exploring the Role of Keywords in Clinical Communication
Authors: Chan Michael W. , Eppich Walter J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesKeywords, also known as “buzzwords” or “trigger words,” serve as memorable descriptors to associate physical findings with specific diagnoses. These terms, such as “target lesion” and “steeple sign,” liken a physical or radiographic finding to a nonmedical comparator as a means to elicit an associated diagnosis. Keywords permeate medical literature and clinical conversations. However, the potential for miscommunicating critical information exists and the impact of keywords on communication‐related medical error is unknown. We explored the use of keywords and how physicians perceive their use in their clinical communication as part of patient care.MethodsWith a grounded theory approach, semistructured interviews were completed in 2016 to 2017 with a purposive sample of 15 resident and attending physicians working in one pediatric emergency department, where clinical conversations occur frequently between providers of different specialties and levels of training. Constant comparative analysis for emergent themes was conducted. We identified key themes and examined their relationships to theorize how keywords affect clinical communication.ResultsWe identified three major aspects: 1) keywords belong to the culture of medicine, by which providers connect with each other using specialized terms that imply a shared experience and knowledge base. This culture encourages keyword use. 2) By encapsulating a pattern of clinical findings into one word or short phrases, keywords allow for convenient, efficient communication of both diagnoses and of thought processes between providers. 3) Keywords, however, may mislead; if incorrectly applied to a given clinical situation, they may be misinterpreted by the receiver, or they may introduce bias to diagnostic decision making.ConclusionsMore than simple descriptors, keywords can communicate entire diagnoses and activate illness scripts between providers. Also, keywords are integral to the culture and language of medicine. However, providers should be aware of the potential negative effects of keywords in clinical conversations and must balance the demands of efficient and accurate communication with the potential for miscommunication and error.
TGDS pathogenic variants cause Catel‐Manzke syndrome without hyperphalangy
Authors: Boschann Felix , Stuurman Kyra E. , de Bruin Christiaan , van Slegtenhorst Marjon , van Duyvenvoorde Hermine A. , Kant Sarina G. , Ehmke Nadja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCatel‐Manzke syndrome, also known as micrognathia‐digital‐syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the combination of the two cardinal features Pierre‐Robin sequence and bilateral hyperphalangy leading to ulnar clinodactyly (ulnar curvature of the phalanges) and radial deviation (radial angulation at the metacarpophalangeal joint) of the index fingers. Individuals without one of these major hallmarks or with additional hand malformations have been described as atypical or Catel‐Manzke‐like syndrome. Biallelic TGDS pathogenic variants have thus far been detected in eight individuals with typical Catel‐Manzke syndrome and in one fetus with additional features. Here we report on two individuals with TGDS pathogenic variants who presented with mild radial deviation and ulnar clinodactyly of the index fingers but without radiologic signs of hyperphalangy. Furthermore, both individuals have disproportionate short stature, a feature that has not yet been associated with Catel‐Manzke syndrome. Our data broaden the phenotypic spectrum of TGDS‐associated Catel‐Manzke syndrome and expand the indication for diagnostic testing.
Person‐reference in autism spectrum disorder: Developmental trends and the role of linguistic input
Authors: Barokova Mihaela , Tager‐Flusberg Helen 
Published: November 2019

Past research has provided mixed evidence of the nature and difficulty with personal pronouns of children with autism spectrum disorder. No study to date has examined the nature of person‐reference in autism, more broadly, by looking at referential language both in terms of who is being referred to (self vs. other) and how (words with shifting reference: personal pronouns, vs. fixed reference: names and nouns). Furthermore, the role of linguistic input specifically in the domain of referential language in autism has not been investigated before. We collected natural language samples from parent–child interactions from children with autism (N = 38; 7 female) at three time points (age 2, 3, and 4 years) and administered a battery of standardized assessments to evaluate their language ability. The samples were transcribed and coded for person‐referential language. Children with autism used increasingly more pronouns both when referring to themselves and to their parent, but pronoun reversals were extremely rare. Their person‐reference use was associated with language ability only at age 2. Parental input was also characterized by an increase in pronoun use but only when referring to their child. Parents' and children's person‐reference were not associated across time, but they were concurrently related at age 3. Autism Res 2020, 13: 959‐969. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIn this study, we found that as children with autism grew older, they used more and more personal pronouns to refer both to themselves and their parents. Furthermore, they very rarely reversed their pronouns (used I instead of you) with only 1 child out of 38 making a pronoun error. This lack of pronoun errors suggests that pronoun difficulty in autism might not occur for long periods of time throughout development and might not be as prevalent in autism as previously thought.
Gender differences in combined homicide‐suicide with consideration of female terrorist bombers
Authors: Felthous Alan R. , Samantarai Sadhna , Mukhtar Assad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCombined homicide‐suicide (H‐S) is a phenomenon described as an offender committing a homicidal act followed by their suicide. Current literature on H‐S is dominated by a focus on men and their particular set of motivations and actions, primarily because females constitute only a small fraction of the cases of completed H‐S. This review begins by analyzing this data and integrating females within two subclassifications of H‐S: the psychopathology of the actor (or perpetrator), and the actor's relationship to her homicide victims. Within the relational subcategory of H‐S, females are: (1) underrepresented when victims are their spouses or intimate partners (consortial H‐S); (2) more prevalent when victims are their own children (filial H‐S); and (3) with rare exceptions, not represented in extrafamilial, adversarial and pseudo‐commando H‐S perpetrators. This review includes female bombers in this gender comparison.
CCN1 stimulated the osteoblasts via PTEN/AKT/GSK3β/cyclinD1 signal pathway in Myeloma Bone Disease
Authors: Yan Siyang , Liu Hui , Liu Zhaoyun , Peng Fengping , Jiang Fengjuan , Li Lijuan , Fu Rong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundsMyeloma‐related bone disease (MBD) is a common complication of multiple myeloma (MM), which can both decrease life quality and influence the prognosis of the patients. We have found that CCN1 stimulated proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in MM in vitro and in vivo, while its mechanism still remains unknown.MethodBone marrow mononuclear cells were collected from MM patients and differentiated into the osteoblasts. After co‐culture with CCN1 in vitro, the intracellular signaling antibody array and western blot were performed to explore the signaling pathway. Furthermore, GSK3β inhibitor TWS119 was used to check the pathway of CCN1 might have on osteoblasts in vitro.ResultsFor the protein array kit, the expressions of GSK3β, 4E‐BP1, and PTEN are decreased in CCN1 group. For western blots, the CCN1 group also has lower expression comparing to the control group in PTEN (P = .031). Meanwhile p‐AKT and cyclinD1 levels have increased in the CCN1 group (P = .002, P = .039). After adding TWS119 as another group, western blot was performed again to verify the pathway. For upstream proteins PTEN and p‐AKT, TWS119 group has higher expression level compared to that in CCN1 group (P = .003, P = .001). And for downstream protein cyclinD1, TWS119 group also presented higher level than the control group (P = .02). CCN1 could have almost the same effect on GSK3β as the specific inhibitor TWS119 had.ConclusionsCCN1 can stimulate osteoblasts through PTEN/AKT/GSK3β/cyclinD1 pathway in MBD, which has the potential to be a novel therapy of MBD.