bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences with offering pro bono medical genetics services in the West Indies: Benefits to patients, physicians, and the community
Authors: Sobering Andrew K. , Li Dong , Beighley Jennifer S. , Carey John C. , Donald Tyhiesia , Elsea Sarah H. , Figueroa Karla P. , Gerdts Jennifer , Hamlet Andre , Mirzaa Ghayda M. , Nelson Beverly , Pulst Stefan M. , Smith Janice L. , Tassone Flora , Toriello Helga V. , Walker Ruth H. , Yearwood Katherine R. , Bhoj Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe describe our experiences with organizing pro bono medical genetics and neurology outreach programs on several different resource‐limited islands in the West Indies. Due to geographic isolation, small population sizes, and socioeconomic disparities, most Caribbean islands lack medical services for managing, diagnosing, and counseling individuals with genetic disorders. From 2015 to 2019, we organized 2–3 clinics per year on various islands in the Caribbean. We also organized a week‐long clinic to provide evaluations for children suspected of having autism spectrum disorder. Consultations for over 100 different individuals with suspected genetic disorders were performed in clinics or during home visits following referral by locally registered physicians. When possible, follow‐up visits were attempted. When available and appropriate, clinical samples were shipped to collaborating laboratories for molecular analysis. Laboratory tests included karyotyping, cytogenomic microarray analysis, exome sequencing, triplet repeat expansion testing, blood amino acid level determination, biochemical assaying, and metabolomic profiling. We believe that significant contributions to healthcare by genetics professionals can be made even if availability is limited. Visiting geneticists may help by providing continuing medical education seminars. Clinical teaching rounds help to inform local physicians regarding the management of genetic disorders with the aim of generating awareness of genetic conditions. Even when only periodically available, a visiting geneticist may benefit affected individuals, their families, their local physicians, and the community at large.
Cavity pressure‐based holding pressure adjustment for enhancing the consistency of injection molding quality
Authors: Huang Ming‐Shyan , Ke Kun‐Cheng , Liu Chun‐Ying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCavity pressure is one of the best indicators of injection molding conditions and thus has been used for quality prediction in the injection molding process. Also, the repeatability of the cavity pressure profile at each shot indicates the consistency of the part quality, which is easily affected by environmental changes, such as barrel temperature. To maintain quality consistency (such as part weight and geometrical dimensions) during mass production, this study proposed a novel method of the holding pressure adjustment to control the deviation in the cavity pressure distribution during each shot. Injection molding of a thin‐walled dumbbell‐shaped sample was performed to verify the proposed process, which proved the feasibility of this method for suppressing the influence of the barrel temperature changes on part quality.
Predicting users' continued engagement in online health communities from the quantity and quality of received support
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , High Andrew , Wang Xi , Zhao Kang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOnline health communities (OHCs) have been major resources for people with similar health concerns to interact with each other. They offer easily accessible platforms for users to seek, receive, and provide supports by posting. Taking the advantage of text mining and machine learning techniques, we identified social support type(s) in each post and a new user's support needs in an OHC. We examined a user's first‐time support‐seeking experience by measuring both quantity and quality of received support. Our results revealed that the amount and match of received support are positive and significant predictors of new users' continued engagement. Our outcomes can provide insight for designing and managing a sustainable OHC by retaining users.
Modification of the thermodynamic variability closure in the Met Office Unified Model prognostic cloud scheme
Authors: Morcrette Cyril J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the Met Office Unified Model prognostic cloud scheme (PC2), thermodynamic variability is represented by considering two distributions, based on the properties of the clear and cloudy portions of the grid‐box. To calculate a cloud fraction increment, the equation set needs to be closed. The closure assumption determines how these two distributions are blended together at the saturation boundary. The current closure is reviewed. In the limit of vanishing liquid condensate, this can lead to very tall but narrow probability distribution functions (PDFs). At present, the two parts of the PDF are weighted based on the area under their curves. As a result, these very tall PDFs are allowed to contribute significantly, since their area is finite. This closure is shown to sometimes lead to unphysically large cloud fraction changes. However, they are prevented from affecting the model evolution by being overwritten if their magnitude is unrealistically large. A new blending closure is proposed. This weighs the two PDFs based on their widths. The contribution of very tall, but narrow, PDFs is hence drastically reduced. While this removes the undesirable need for overwriting unrealistic increments, it is shown that overall model performance did not improve or worsen.
Do Biological Sex and Early Developmental Milestones Predict the Age of First Concerns and Eventual Diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Authors: Harrop Clare , Libsack Erin , Bernier Raphael , Dapretto Mirella , Jack Allison , McPartland James C. , Van Horn John D. , Webb Sara J. , Pelphrey Kevin ,   the GENDAAR Consortium
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite advances in early detection, the average age of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis exceeds 4 years and is often later in females. In typical development, biological sex predicts inter‐individual variation across multiple developmental milestones, with females often exhibiting earlier progression. The goal of this study was to examine sex differences in caregiver‐reported developmental milestones (first word, phrase, walking) and their contribution to timing of initial concerns expressed by caregivers and eventual age of diagnosis. 195 (105 males) children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years with a clinical diagnosis of ASD were recruited to the study (mean IQ = 99.76). While developmental milestones did not predict timing of diagnosis or age parents first expressed concerns, females had earlier first words and phrases than males. There was a marginal difference in the age of diagnosis, with females receiving their diagnosis 1 year later than males. Despite sex differences in developmental milestones and diagnostic variables, IQ was the most significant predictor in the timing of initial concerns and eventual diagnosis, suggesting children with lower IQ, regardless of sex, are identified and diagnosed earlier. Overall, biological sex and developmental milestones did not account for a large proportion of variance for the eventual age of ASD diagnosis, suggesting other factors (such as IQ and the timing of initial concerns) are potentially more influential.Lay SummaryIn this study, a later age of diagnosis in females having ASD was confirmed; however, biological sex was not the stronger predictor of age of diagnosis. Parents reported that females learned language more quickly than males, and parents noted their first concerns when females were older than males. In this sample, the strongest predictor of age of diagnosis was the age of first concerns.
Prediction of window handle state using machine learning
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Langer Marina , Banihashemi Farzan , Harter Hannes , Kierdorf Daniel , Lang Werner 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVorhersage des Fensteröffnungszustands unter Anwendung von maschinellem LernenDer in dieser Publikation beschriebene methodische Ansatz zur Anwendung von Algorithmen des maschinellen Lernens zur Vorhersage des Fensteröffnungsverhaltens von Gebäudenutzenden, basiert auf Monitoring‐Daten eines Bürogebäudes in Regensburg, Deutschland. Das umfangreiche Monitoring zur Erfassung der notwendigen Daten, z. B. der Innenraum‐ und Außentemperaturen, die Fenstergriffzustände etc. wurde im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes in den Jahren 2017 bis 2020 durchgeführt. Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Klassifizierungsalgorithmen des maschinellen Lernens auf die gemessenen Daten angewendet, um Modelle für die Vorhersage von Fensteröffnungen und ‐schließungen zu trainieren. Das Ziel ist es, die Potenziale und Grenzen der realistischen Vorhersage des Nutzerverhaltens auf der Grundlage der verfügbaren Daten zu identifizieren.
Teaching children with autism to request items using audio scripts, interrupted chain procedure and sufficient exemplar training
Authors: Wójcik Marta , Eikeseth Svein , Eldevik Sigmund , Budzińska Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examined whether an interrupting chain procedure with establishing operation (EO)‐absent and EO‐present trials and sufficient exemplar training was effective in teaching three preschool‐aged children with autism to request missing items. Children were taught to request missing items across three different skill domains (play, self‐help, and academic tasks), and audio scripts were used as prompts. We employed a non‐concurrent multiple‐baseline design across participants. All three participants learned to request missing items during EO‐present trials and to refrain from doing so during EO‐absent trials. The behavior transferred to untrained tasks, generalized to new people, and was maintained at follow‐up 3 months after the intervention.
Purification of Cas9—RNA complexes by ultrafiltration
Authors: Manzano Ivan , Taylor Neil , Csordas Matthew , Vezeau Grace E. , Salis Howard M. , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe discovery of CRISPR‐Cas9 has revolutionized molecular biology, greatly accelerating the introduction of genetic modifications into organisms and facilitating the development of novel therapeutics and diagnostics. For many applications, guide RNA and Cas9 protein are expressed, combined, and purified to produce a ribonucleic enzyme complex that is then added into a diagnostic device or delivered into cells. The objective of this work was to develop an ultrafiltration process for the selective purification of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein by removal of excess guide RNA. A His‐tagged Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 protein was produced in Escherichia coli, purified by metal affinity chromatography, and complexed with a 40 kDa (124 nucleotide) single guide RNA. Ultrafiltration experiments were first performed on solutions containing either guide RNA or Cas9 protein to identify the effect of filtration conditions and membrane pore size on the selectivity. Shear‐induced aggregation of the Cas9 led to significant fouling under some conditions. A diafiltration process was then developed using a Biomax® 300 kDa polyethersulfone membrane to selectively remove excess guide RNA from a solution containing Cas9‐bound guide RNA and free guide RNA. These results demonstrate the potential of using ultrafiltration for the removal of excess RNA during the production of functional ribonucleoprotein complexes.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Preliminary Antileukemic Activity of 4‐Methoxybenzyl Derivatives Bearing Imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole
Authors: Choodamani B. , Cano Hernandez Karla G. , Kumar Sujeet , Tony Ann Maria , Schiaffino Bustamante Austre Y. , Aguilera Renato J. , Schols Dominique , Gopi Mohan C. , Karki Subhas S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized 22 compounds in a series with various substitution on imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole. The potential cytotoxic activity of these compounds investigated in leukemia cell lines by Differential Nuclear Staining (DNS). Our results identified two compounds, 2‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐6‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazol‐5‐yl thiocyanate and 6‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole‐5‐carbaldehyde, exhibited the most cytotoxic effect against murine leukemia cells (L1210), human T‐lymphocyte cells (CEM) and human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa) with IC50 values ranging between 0.79 and 1.6 μM. The results indicate that 2‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐6‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazol‐5‐yl thiocyanate is inducing phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase‐3 activation which are both a hallmark of apoptosis. Docking studies showed that 2‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐6‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazol‐5‐yl thiocyanate binds within the active sites of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) type I receptor kinase domain by strong hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions.
Retrobulbar embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes in a golden retriever dog
Authors: Martins Bianca C. , Struthers Jason , Abbott Jeffrey R. , Plummer Caryn E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough rare, embryonal tumors (previously called primitive neuroectodermal tumors) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retrobulbar tumors in dogs regardless of the age of the patient, and ancillary tests are required for definitive diagnosis.
Perioperative management of thyroglossal duct cystectomy in a pediatric patient: A case report
Authors: Sato (Boku) Aiji , Kako Eisuke , Okuni Nozomi , Kusama Nobuyoshi , Kamimura Yuji , Sento Yoshiki , So MinHye , Tanaka Motoshi , Miyamoto Hironori , Kato Shinichiro , Kobayashi Masaki , Shibuya Yasuyuki , Sobue Kazuya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThyroglossal duct on the dorsum of the tongue in the pediatric patient can cause a difficult airway due to the large mass and risk of airway obstruction associated with a swollen tongue after surgery.
Annual bluegrass control in bermudagrass using dimethenamid and pendimethalin
Authors: Carroll Devon E. , Brosnan James T. , Breeden Greg K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 2‐yr field experiment was conducted at three locations across Tennessee during 2017–2018 to determine if early‐postemergence (EPOST) applications of FreeHand [pendimethalin (3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitro‐N‐pentan‐3‐ylaniline) + dimethenamid (2‐chloro‐N‐[2,4‐dimethylthiophen‐3‐yl]‐N‐[1‐methoxypropan‐2‐yl]acetamide)] could control annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.)(ABG) similar to Kerb SC [pronamide (3,5‐dichloro‐N‐[2‐methylbut‐3‐yn‐2‐yl]benzamide)] and Princep [simazine (6‐chloro‐2‐N,4‐N‐diethyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine)]. Across all locations and years, EPOST applications of FreeHand at 200 lb acre–1controlled ABG by 88 to 100% 23 wk after the initial treatment, more than or equal to Kerb SC and Princep. Follow‐up research was conducted in Knoxville, TN, during 2018–2019 to compare the efficacy of FreeHand applied EPOST with Pendulum AquaCap (pendimethalin) and Tower (dimethenamid) applied individually. Sequential EPOST applications of Tower controlled ABG similar to FreeHand on all ratings dates, whereas single applications of Tower resulted in less control. Annual bluegrass control efficacy with EPOST applications of Pendulum AquaCap varied over years. Over the course of eight trials, EPOST applications of FreeHand at 200 lb acre–1controlled ABG by 88 to 100%, suggesting that it is a new option turfgrass managers can use to control ABG in bermudagrass (Cynodonspp.).
Generation and Long‐Term Stability of Ultrafine Bubbles in Water
Authors: Tanaka Shunya , Terasaka Koichi , Fujioka Satoko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigated submicron‐sized bubbles, more precisely ultrafine bubbles (UFBs). The number concentration, size, and scattered light intensity of UFBs were measured by particle tracking analysis (PTA). The results showed that storage temperature had a significant effect, whereas the storage containers had little effect on the long‐term stability of UFBs. It was found that the second‐order aggregation rate equation could predict the stability of UFBs; however, there were some differences from the theory at high storage temperatures. The features of the PTA were also discussed in detail.
Automated Two‐Chamber Operon ID/ED Task for Mice
Authors: Scarsi Francesca , Scheggia Diego , Papaleo Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAttentional set shifting is a measure of cognitive flexibility and executive functions widely assessed in humans by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the CANTAB Intra‐/Extra‐Dimensional set‐shifting task (ID/ED). The recently established automated two‐chamber “Operon ID/ED” task for mice has proved to be an effective preclinical tool for drug testing and genetic screening, with direct translational valence in healthy human subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Here, we describe an upgraded version of the Operon ID/ED task that is now commercially available. This automated task allows one to study the ability of mice to shift attention through different rules, using two or three different dimensions (i.e., lights, odors, and textures). This unit provides a detailed step‐by‐step protocol for preparing and testing the mice that includes all procedures required for this upgraded attentional set‐shifting paradigm. A short manual for the use of the dedicated ANY‐maze software and tools for adapting it to different needs are also provided. Overall, this is a comprehensive guideline for the use of this complex upgraded equipment and paradigm. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Operon ID/ED testingSupport Protocol: Use of ANY‐maze software
Analysis of DNA methylation of E‐cadherin and p16ink4a in oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid lesions
Authors: Chujo Takatoshi , Yoshida Koki , Takai Rie , Uehara Osamu , Matsuoka Hirofumi , Morikawa Tetsuro , Sato Jun , Chiba Itsuo , Matsuzaka Kenichi , Abiko Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesEpigenetic phenomena are changes in gene expression not involving the DNA sequence. DNA methylation is a major occurrence underlying epigenetic changes in human cells. Although aberrant DNA methylation is well documented in malignant lesions, limited information has been shown on the involvement of DNA methylation in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions (OLP). The present study aimed to investigate DNA methylation of E‐cadherin and p16 in OLP, and compare the findings with those in non‐inflamed gingiva (Non), radicular cyst (RC), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Materials and methodsParaffin‐embedded surgical biopsy specimens were sliced, DNA was extracted, bisulfite treatment was applied, and methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction was performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the relative expression patterns of these genes.ResultsE‐cadherin was hypermethylated in OLP (p < 0.01), SCC (p < 0.01), and RC (p < 0.05), when compared with Non; DNA hypermethylation was confirmed in OLP and SCC when compared to Non and RC. Hypermethylation of p16ink4a was observed only in SCC (p < 0.01).ConclusionDNA methylation levels of E‐cadherin and p16ink4a were significantly higher in OLP than in normal tissues, and may be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.
Varietal timelines and leadership challenges affecting the legacy of Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov
Authors: Cohen Joel I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn 1941, Nikolai Vavilov was imprisoned just after his election as President of the International Congress on Genetics. How could a prominent Russian geneticist and plant explorer simultaneously earn distinction and animosity? This is directly answered by Stalin using Vavilov as a scapegoat for the failure of collective farming, declining yields, and continued famine. Not as apparent is that Vavilov's defamation was made easier because of four scientific and managerial challenges, not previously noted explicitly, which aided Stalin's accusations. These include: (a) clarifying the time required for crop improvement and new varieties, (b) authorizing continued support for germplasm investments that would benefit countries other than Russia alone, (c) lacking yield‐enhancing genes for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and, (d) politicizing the term of his directorship, thus detracting from its impact. Stalin exploited these challenges to demean Vavilov while advancing Trofim Lysenko, setting Russian agricultural back for 25 years. Commemorating Vavilov not only restores honor and meaning to his life but also reminds society of the central nature of agriculture, the scientific integrity required to ensure food security, and the resources required to preserve genetic diversity.
Limited sliding network: Fine‐grained target detection on electrical infrastructure for power transmission line surveillance
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Kun , Wang Zihao , Liu Fengkai , Sun Guanhua , Chou Jinling , Xu Min , Zhang Xi , Liu Xiangdong , Li Zhen 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBecause of its small size, low local contrast, and much interference, the field image of fine‐grained equipment taken from power transmission line surveillance is hard to be sustained by the traditional small target detection technique, which requires the manual extraction of features, making it difficult to accurately detect micro‐fine‐grained equipment. The deep learning‐based algorithms have prospective application but require abundant data to guarantee performance and tackle the problem of foreground–background imbalance. This paper develops an effective pipeline, i.e., limited sliding network (LSNet), to detect the small and fine‐grained defects on equipment in power transmission line infrastructure. The model firstly performs the regional analysis on the entire image to determine the potential target locations. The feature extraction and classification on the potential location image blocks are further performed by the VGG‐style model for the dense target locations, and the nonmaximum suppression method is finally applied to locate the target. On the other hand, a specific training method is also developed to better deal with a wide range imbalances of positive and negative samples. The proposed method achieves the detection mean average precision (mAP) rate of 98.66% on the real datasets, while limiting the computational overhead of hardware.