bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Presentations of Deviated Nasal Septum and Mladina’s Classification
Authors: Thakur Sanjeev Kumar , Yadav Baleshwar , Bedajit Raj Kumar , Anwar Afaque 
Published: January 2020

Background: Nasal Septal deviation is a frequently found entity in ENT OPD. The objective of the study was to describe the clinical presentations of deviated nasal septum, classify them according to the Mladina’s system and find out the relation of trauma with the type of septal deviation.
Methods: One hundred fifty cases of septal deviation were classified ac­cording to Mladina’s classification, after thorough interview, nasal exami­nation and nasal endoscopy. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21, after tabulation. Chi-square test was applied as the test of significance.
Results: Out of 150 cases of septal deviation, Male 82 (54.6%) outnum­bered the female patients 68 (45.3%). Most of these patients were of sec­ond and third decade (20-40 years age group). The most common pre­senting complaint was that of nasal obstruction 121(80.6%), headache68 (45.3%) and nasal discharge52(34.6%). 78(52%) of patients revealed his­tory of trauma. Type II 32 (21.3%) and Type V 31 (20.6%) were the com­monest followed by Type III 24(16%).
Conclusions: Nasal septal deviation is a common presentation in ENT OPD. Mladina’s classification found Type II and Type V to be quite common. Na­sal obstruction, headache and rhinorrhea are frequent associated com­plaints. Nasal endoscopy is very important for the diagnosis, especially of posterior deflections.
Nurses’ Knowledge on Post Exposure Prophylaxis for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Adhikari Sabina 
Published: January 2020

Background: Nurses are most vulnerable group for having Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection from blood and body fluids. These infections are prevent­able if the nurses have proper knowledge regarding Post Exposure Prophy­laxis (PEP) for hepatitis B virus infections and utilize the PEP services. This study aimed to find out the nurses’ knowledge on PEP for HBV infection.
Methods: A descriptive survey design was carried out among 116 random­ly selected nurses working in different wards of tertiary care hospital. Data was collected from July 8th 2018 to 21st July 2018 using pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the variables and chi-square test was applied to explore the association between variables.
Results: Results of the study revealed that only 22.4% nurses had good, 21.6% had average, and 56.0% had poor knowledge on PEP for HBV. Majority (68.1%) of the nurses knew about the testing of HBsAg serum antigen after exposure. However, few nurses had knowledge on risk per­centage of getting infection (29.3%), contact person for risk assessment (33.6%), constituents of PEP (29.9%), and PEP treatment for unvaccinat­ed/incompletely vaccinated nurse in case of positive (38.8%) and negative (34.5%) sources. Moreover, working unit (p=0.037) and working experi­ence (p=0.027) were the significant variables associated with the level of knowledge on PEP.
Conclusions: More than half of nurses’ have poor knowledge on PEP for hepatitis B virus. Hence, there is need of regular in-service education and training for nurses on PEP for HBV to enhance their knowledge and to pre­vent potential infections.
Adequacy of Three Dimensional Miniplate In Treatment Of Mandibular Fracture In Interforaminal Region
Authors: Singh Vivek , Giri Ritesh 
Published: January 2020

Background: Mandible is one of the commonly fractured bone due to trauma, assault and falls. Treatment includes closed and open methods. Methods of open reduction and internal fixation have changed and di­versified enormously in the past few years. Champy’s miniplate fixation, dynamic compression plating has become a standard approach. More recently, three dimensional miniplates have been developed by Farmand which may be effectively used in mandibular fractures. The aim of this study was to check the adequacy of three dimensional miniplate in man­agement of mandibular fracture occurring in the interforaminal region.
Methods: A prospective clinical study was carried out in patients attend­ing Emergency Department and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH) suffer­ing from mandibular fractures in interforaminal region from May 2018 to January 2019.
Results: A total of 17 patients with 18 fracture in interforaminal region, all male were included in the study. The age ranged from 16 to 50 years with a mean of 29.17 ± 9.48. Road traffic accident was the leading cause of injury with 15 out of 17 patients (88.23%). There was no incidence of wound infection, wound dehiscence, malunion, nonunion, plate fracture within the follow up period of 3 months. One fracture was unstable on 1st postoperative day and also had mildly deranged occlusion which was man­aged with intermaxillary fixation for two weeks.
Conclusions: Three dimensional plates fulfills the treatment goals of ad­equate stabilization and fixation of mandibular interforaminal fractures.
Serum uric acid in patients with abnormal thyroid functions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhattarai Kushal , Manandhar Nilu 
Published: January 2020

Background: Hyperuricemia, a pathologic consequence of over-production or under-excretion of uric acid, is a common biochemical picture in thyroid dysfunctions. This study was designed to determine the serum uric acid levels and the prevalence rates of hyperuricemia in thyroid dysfunctions.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Chitwan in which Serum uric acid concentrations of male and female participants, 30 years or older with the diagnosis of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism were estimated. Hyperuricemia was defined as uric acid levels >6.8mg/dL (males) and >6.0 mg/dL (females). Descriptive statistics using frequency with percentage and inferential statistics using parametric and non-parametric tests were used.
Results: In the total 249 participants, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 30.5% (32.9% in hyperthyroid and 26.1% in hypothyroid patients). Similarly, the mean serum uric acid levels in these patients was 5.46 ± 1.88mg/dL (5.60 ± 1.71 in hyperthyroid and 5.20 ± 2.13mg/dL in hypothyroid patients). Hyperuricemia was present in 32.6% of the female and 27.6% of the male patients. Likewise, the rate was 28.1% in 30–40 years old, 30.0% in 40–50 years old, 30.9% in 50–60 years old, and 32.8% in >=60 years old participants. There was no significant association between hyperuricemia and age or gender in overall participants and in participants of either of the two groups of thyroid dysfunctions (p>0.05).
Conclusions: The reported prevalence of hyperuricemia in thyroid dysfunctions justifies the need of further studies to understand the causal relationship between thyroid status and serum uric acid.
Anatomical variation of intrahepatic biliary duct in cadaveric liver
Authors: Khatiwada Sushma , Adhikari Budhi Nath , Shrestha Iju 
Published: January 2020

Background: Hepatobiliary system has many variations. Use of cadavers, intraoperative data and various imaging modalities are the commonly employed techniques for determining the anatomy of intrahepatic bile ducts. The vivid picture of hepatobiliary system is a must for hepatobiliary surgery and identification of frequency distribution of typical and atypical pattern and different types of atypical pattern are vital. This study aimed to uncover its frequency distribution and also to recognize the variations therein.
Methods: An observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014 by taking 50 complete human cadaveric livers without evidence of injuries or previous operations. Livers were dissected, duct traced, colored, photographed and the findings were entered in a proforma.
Results: Out of 50 dissected livers, 32 showed typical pattern (Type A, 64%) whereas 18 liver showed atypical pattern of confluence (36%). The type B pattern was seen in 6 (12%) and type C was seen in 8 of them (16%). Of these 8 cases, subtype C1 was observed in 6 livers (12%) and subtype C2 was found in 2 livers (4%). Type D was seen in 3 livers (6%). and all of them were of the subtype D1. There were no cases of subtype D2 and of type E. Type F was observed in a single case (2%).
Conclusions: An accurate knowledge of the anatomical variations of the intrahepatic biliary tree is important for a successful hepatobiliay surgery.
Radiographic study of mental foramen in Chitwan population
Authors: Thakur Smriti Narayan , Mishra Meena Kumari , Pandey Basuraj , Singh Harendra , Mishra Shrijana 
Published: January 2020

Background: Knowledge about the type & position of mental foramen is very much important landmark for dentists to perform any surgical procedure in the vicinity of mental foramen. The pur­pose of this study was to determine the most frequently occurring type & position of the mental foramen in Chitwan population using digital Panoramic Radiograph.
Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on 500 (250 Male& 250 Female) digital panoramic radiograph which were collected from the department of Oral Medicine & Radi­ology. The type & position of Mental Foramen was analysed with Dicom viewer. The data obtained was statistically analyzed by with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 20.
Result: The most common type of mental foramen was Type 3 (diffuse with a distinct border of the foramen) & the test showed significant difference by gender. The most common position of mental foramen was position 4 (in line with second premolar) followed by position 3 (Between the first & second premolar) with no significant difference with gender with p-value <0.05.
Conclusions: This study shows that the most frequent appearance of mental foramen lies in the line of second premolar. So this finding is used as a guide line in Chitwan population to perform various type of dental surgical procedure safely in mental foramen region but the accurate radio­graphic identification of mental foramen is paramount.
Emergency Department length of stay and disposal of patients in Chitwan medical college, Nepal
Authors: Lamsal Daya Ram , Raut Krishna Bahadur , Adhikari Parash 
Published: January 2020

Background: Measuring patients Length of Stay (LOS) in the emergency Department (ED) is one of the assessments of quality indicators in terms of clinical, managerial and public satisfaction pro­spective. Waiting time standard is defined and its impact is analyzed in many hospitals especially in developed countries. Policy of emergency operations to reduce length of stay helps to manage overcrowding, spares time to treat critical patient and minimize preventable death. The study was done to assess length of stay and disposal of patients visiting emergency department in Chitwan Medical College.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted from 01/10/2018 to 30/09/2019 at Chitwan Medical college, Nepal. Patients electronic records were retrieved from medical record section of all patients visiting to emergency department. Ethical approval was obtained from ethical review committee.
Results: Medial Length of Stay (LOS) was 3.84 hours (Interquartile range 0.4 hours to 84 hours) 54.54% discharged, 40.83% admitted from ED.
Conclusion: Median Length of Stay (LOS) in the Emergency Department (ED) was 3.84 hours which is satisfactory as compared to similar studies. Majority of patients discharged after treatment from ED.
Cephalometric evaluation of Brahmins of Kathmandu, Nepal based on Jarabak’s analysis
Authors: Pokharel Mona , Shrestha Situ Lal 
Published: January 2020

Background: The cephalometric norms derived from Caucasian population shows a great degree of variation when applied to different population.
Objectives: The present research was performed with the objective of determining cephalometric norms of Brahmins of Nepal based on Jarabak’s analysis, to evaluate the variability between male and female and to compare the cephalometric norms with Caucasians.
Methodology: Lateral cephalogram of 108 non-growing patients which consisted of 63 females and 45 males ofNepalese Brahmins who met our inclusion criteria were traced manually. Thirteen craniofacial parameters of Jarabak’s analysis were measured.
Results: The comparison between Brahmin populations of Nepal with the Caucasian population showed statistically significant difference in ten out of thirteen parameters. The comparison between Nepalese male Brahmins and female Brahmins showed that there were statistically significant differences in eleven out of thirteen parameters.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that there exists sexual and ethnic dimorphism in craniofacial features. The findings of the study highlight the fact that Brahmin population is significantly different from Caucasian population. Females presented with smaller craniofacial variable than male when gender comparison was performed among Nepalese Brahmins male and female. This research has helped to generate knowledge and understanding of craniofacial features of Nepalese Brahmins and derived norms for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Животные на заклании (по повести Ивана Шмелева Солнце мертвых)
Authors: Smirnova Alfia 
Published: January 2020

Zwierzęta składane w ofierze(na podstawie noweli Iwana Szmielowa Słońce umarłych)
Artykuł zawiera analizę najtragiczniejszego dzieła Iwana Szmielowa – „epopei” Słońce umarłych, opisującego ostatnie chwile wojny domowej w Rosji. Tragizm opowieści, wybrzmiewający w tytule, narasta stopniowo i nasila się wraz z rozwojem akcji, realizując się w motywach przetrwania-umierania oraz zbliżającej się apokalipsy. W obrazie ginącego świata zwierzęta odgrywają wyjątkową rolę, są pierwszymi stworzeniami, które składane są w ofierze – niezależnie od tego, czy są to ptaki (paw, orły, jastrząb, gołębie itp.), czy zwierzęta domowe (koń, krowa, pies, kot). W zrozumieniu ich losów szczególną funkcję pełnią zoonimy, które pozwalają na personifikację każdego ze zwierząt i podkreślają wartość życia wszystkich stworzeń.
DAMPAK FRAKSINASI DOSIS PAPARAN RADIASI TERHADAP INSULIN LEVELS PANKREAS PASCA IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Utami Linda Sekar , Sabaryati Johri 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKPaparan radiasi gamma pada sel dapat membahayakan materi biologis atau komponen-komponen penyusun sel seperti DNA, membran protein dan lipid, dimana hal ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan bahkan kematian sel. Kerusakan sel akibat paparan radiasi berkaitan erat dengan adanya interaksi sel dengan radikal bebas yang dihasilkan akibat daya ionisasi sinar gamma. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak fraksinasi dosis paparan radiasi terhadap insulin levels pankreas pasca iradiasi sinar gamma. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit jantan digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok ; kontrol sehat (K0), kontrol negatif (K-) dan kontrol positif (K+). Pemberian paparan radiasi dilakukan secara fraksinasi dengan 100 rad per fraksi hingga dosis maksimal dari kelompok perlakuan. Pengukuran level insulin dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ELISA indirect. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksinasi dosis paparan radiasi mampu menurunkan level insulin, dimana level insulin cenderung mengalami penurunan seiring dengan penambahan dosis radiasi. Kata kunci : Radiasi Gamma, Radikal Bebas, Level Insulin. ABSTRACTExposure to gamma radiation on cell harmfull biological material or constituent components of cells such as DNA, proteins and lipid membranes. If this was happened, it can lead to damage and cell death. Cells damage was caused by radiation exposure related to free radicals as a product when the interaction was happened. The objectives of this research were to determine effects of gamma radiation dose fractination in insulin levels after exposured. Thirty fives mice were used in this research. They were divided into three group : normal (K0), control (K-) and radiation (K+). Exposure of gamma radiation is given fractionally with 100 rad per fraction up to the maximum dose of the treatment group. Insulin levels was measured by indirect ELISA methods. The results showed that fractionation of radiation dose can reducing an insulin levels, in which insulin levels tended to decrease with the addition of radiation dose.
Strategi Kebijakan Menjaga Warisan Budaya Bandar Aceh Darussalam Di Kota Banda Aceh, Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Ajis Ambo Asse 
Published: January 2020

Bandar Aceh Darussalam adalah ibukota Kerajaan Aceh Darussalam sejak intitusi pemerintahan Islam ini didirikan oleh Sultan Ali Mugahayat Syah tahun 1496 Masehi. Ketika penjajah Belanda berhasil menguasainya di Tahun 1874, ibukota ini diganti dengan nama Kutaraja. Ketika Aceh menjadi bagian Indonesia, Kutaraja berganti nama menjadi Banda Aceh pada tahun 1962. Sebagai bekas ibukota kerajaan, seluruh tanah di Bandar Aceh Darussalam tentu menyimpan deposit jejak budaya yang memiliki nilai penting bagi identitas Aceh secara khusus dan Indonesia secara umum. Meskipun demikian, karena berada dalam areal inti perkotaan Kota Banda Aceh dan sekaligus Ibukota Provinsi Aceh, potensi warisan budaya budaya tersebut sedang menghadapai ancaman yang tinggi karena terganggu akibat konflik kepentingan, baik itu atas nama kepentingan penduduk maupun kepentingan pembangunan pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh, Provinsi hingga pembangunan Nasional. Terkait dengan hal itu, tulisan ini dibuat dengan tujuan mengajukan pemikiran penangan potensi konflik dengan pendekatan cultural resource management (CRM) yang dapat diterapkan para stakeholder terkait rencana pelestarian kawasan kuno Bandar Aceh Darussalam.
MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KEMAMPUAN PRA-MEMBACA-MENULIS BERBASIS KARAKTER
Authors: Barokah Widuroyekti  , Sulistiyono Sulistiyono  
Published: January 2020

The article draws on research that aims to develop a model of the development of pre-reading-writing ability of a character-based education in kindergarten. The study was used the Research and Development method involving teachers and children at three kindergartens in Jombang. The procedure consists of two phases study, the preliminary studies and model development. Data collected by observation, interviews, documentation, questioner techniques, validation testing experts, and the results are analyzed with qualitative analysis techniques. The results showed that teachers require manual and development model's to pre-reading-writing ability of a character-based, as well as scenario development activity. The model of development gives the possibility for children to develop the ability to recognize text and pre-reading-writing through story. Development model cantains character values on planning, include: objectives, materials, and activities, as well as the implementation, include: introduction, core, and closing activities.
Artikel ini disusun berdasarkan penelitian yang bertujuan mengembangkan model pengembangan kemampuan pra-membaca-menulis berbasis pendidikan karakter di TK. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian pengembangan melibatkan guru-guru dan anak-anak di tiga TK Kabupaten Jombang. Prosedur penelitian terdiri atas dua tahap, yakni studi pendahuluan dan pengembangan model. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, kuesioner dan uji validasi pakar, serta hasilnya dianalisis dengan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru membutuhkan panduan dan model pengembangan kemampuan pra-membaca-menulis berbasis karakter, serta skenario kegiatan pengembangan. Model pengembangan yang dihasilkan memungkinkan anak mengenal tulisan dan mengembangkan kemampuan pra-membaca-menulis melalui cerita. Model pengembangan memuat nilai karakter pada komponen perencanaan, meliputi: tujuan, materi, dan kegiatan, serta pada pelaksanaan meliputi: pendahuluan, inti, dan penutup.
MEDIA BONEKA TANGAN DALAM METODE BERCERITERA UNTUK MENANAMKAN KARAKTER POSITIF KEPADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Joko Sulianto  , Mei Fita Asri Untari  , Fitri Yulianti  
Published: January 2020

The purpose of teaching process is on the way of developing students positive characters. The students need something they like to learn, understand, and apply those characters. Hand-puppets can be chosen as the media. The puppets characters (or the actors) are created based on the selected story which can gain students positive characters. It is an R and D research. It was conducted on 6 steps of research activities: collecting data, planning, developing draft of product, testing, revising the result, and developing final product. This research will be finished in 2 years. The results of the first year research were: hand-puppets profiles, hand-puppets actors, and experts judgments. The students and the teachers explained that they needed story books and hand-puppets as their teaching supporting media using story-telling method. Hand-puppets which were made of colorful flannel and cotton fabric should be presented in colorful, eye-catching figures to attract the students attention.
Pembelajaran harus mengutamakan pengembangan kemampuan dan pembentukan karakter (character building) serta akhlak mulia (akhlaqul karimah) siswa. Siswa akan lebih tertarik dan mudah dalam belajar jika penanaman akhlak mulia disampaikan melalui hal-hal yang mereka sukai, contohnya dengan boneka tangan. Media ini disesuaikan bentuk dan karakter tokoh-tokohnya dengan isi cerita yang digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan (R and D) yang dilaksanakan dalam 6 (enam) langkah penelitian, yaitu: pengumpulan data, perencanaan, pengembangan draf, pengujicobaan awal, perevisian hasil uji coba, dan penyempurnaan produk. Penelitian ini direncanakan akan dilaksanakan selama 2 tahun. Hasil yang diperoleh di tahun pertama berupa profil media boneka tangan yang cocok dalam kegiatan berceritera, tokoh-tokoh boneka tangan, dan penilaian dari ahli (experts judgments). Siswa dan guru menginginkan media pendukung dalam kegiatan bercerita berupa buku cerita beserta tokoh-tokohnya dalam bentuk boneka tangan. Media boneka ini dibuat dari kain katun dan atau flannel berwarna cerah untuk menarik perhatian dan minat siswa.
PROFIL KINERJA GURU PENDIDIKAN JASMANI SD NEGERI (PENILAIAN TEMAN SEJAWAT DAN SISWA TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU PENJAS SD DI UPT PURWOREJO, BANYUURIP, DAN KUTOARJO)
Authors: Triyono Triyono 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil penilaian teman sejawat dan siswa terhadap kinerja guru pendidikan jasmani (Penjas) SD Negeri di Kabupaten Purworejo, Banyuurip dan Kutoarjo terkait dengan kompetensi pedagogik, profesional, kepribadian dan sosial. Artikel ini hanya membahas kompetensi pedagogik dari guru penjas tersebut. Desain penelitian adalah survey dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada teman sejawat dan siswa. Populasi adalah seluruh guru penjas di SD di Wilayah Purworejo, Banyuurip dan Kutoarjo dengan sampel sebanyak 200 guru yang diambil dengan teknik random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan mulai tanggal 31 Maret 2012 sampai dengan akhir Oktober 2012. Kuesioner yang kembali sebanyak 164 eksemplar. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik persentase untuk memudahkan pemaparan dan mendeskripsikannya secara naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir sebagian besar teman sejawat menilai bahwa kompetensi pedagogik guru Penjas di SD di Wilayah Purworejo, Banyuurip dan Kutoarjo sudah baik (88%) atau sangat baik (29,2%). Sedangkan siswa menilai kompetensi pedagogik guru Penjas mereka dengan sangat baik 33,9%, baik 16,8% dan cukup baik 14,8 %. Rekomendasi berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa guru Penjas di SD di Wilayah Purworejo, Banyuurip, dan Kutoarjo harus terus meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam segala hal terutama kompetensi pedagogiknya karena penilaian siswa masih belum optimal.