bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noncanonical Effects of Oral Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors in Platelet Activation and Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Polzin Amin , Dannenberg Lisa , Thienel Manuela , Orban Martin , Wolff Georg , Hohlfeld Thomas , Zeus Tobias , Kelm Malte , Petzold Tobias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNonvitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or direct oral anticoagulants comprise inhibitors of factor Xa (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) or factor IIa (dabigatran). Both classes efficiently interfere with the final or penultimate step of the coagulation cascade and showed superior net clinical benefit compared with vitamin K antagonists for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with AF and for prevention and therapy of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. None the less, accumulating data suggested, that there may be differences regarding the frequency of atherothrombotic cardiovascular events between NOACs. Thus, the optimal individualized NOAC for each patient remains a matter of debate. Against this background, some basic and translational analyses emphasized NOAC effects that impact on platelet activity and arterial thrombus formation beyond inhibition of plasmatic coagulation. In this review, we will provide an overview of the available clinical and translational evidence for so-called noncanonical NOAC effects on platelet activation and arterial thrombosis.
Adverse Events Associated with Implantable Dopplers during Microvascular Surgery
Authors: Pier Matthew M. , Pasick Luke J. , Benito Daniel A. , Saini Prashant , Patel Sahil , Joshi Arjun S. , Goodman Joseph F. , Thakkar Punam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Implantable Dopplers (IDs) are widely used for postoperative free flap vascular monitoring. However, IDs may contribute to free flap complications or failure and better understanding of device malfunctions is needed.
Methods The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database was queried for all reports of ID adverse events from two leading manufacturers (Cook Vascular and Synovis Life Technologies) in free flap surgery from January 2010 to March 2020. Reports were reviewed and categorized. A comparison of reoperations within select categories was performed using Chi-square analysis.
Results Of 209 included reports, the most common device malfunctions were venous anastomotic coupler misalignment (35.4%) and coupler ring detachment (24.4%). Synovis devices were used in 100% of reports of vessel compression and Cook Vascular devices were used in 77.7% of reports of probe detachment. Of 74 patient-related adverse events, the most common were reoperation (47.3%) and vessel occlusion (28.4%). Of five reported events of flap failure, two were associated with loss of ID signal. The proportion of Doppler signal loss events leading to reoperation was significantly greater than the proportion of any other Doppler-related event leading to reoperation. Intraoperative coupler replacement was the most commonly reported intervention (n = 86), and venous anastomosis with hand-suturing occurred in 30 device malfunctions.
Conclusion This study demonstrates a variety of ID-related malfunctions. One-third of device malfunctions were associated with patient complications, and false-positive Doppler signal loss contributed substantially to the requirement of surgical re-exploration. These are important considerations for surgical teams utilizing IDs in free tissue transfer procedures.
Effects of Sucrose and Nonnutritive Sucking on Pain Behavior in Neonates and Infants undergoing Wound Dressing after Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mandee Sahatsa , Buachai Kusuma , Aroonpruksakul Naiyana , Tantemsapya Niramol , Buasuk Tarinee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Wound dressing, a procedure that pediatric patients are commonly exposed to postoperatively, can cause strong physiological and pain behavioral responses despite being brief. This study evaluated the effects of using 24% sucrose plus a pacifier versus a pacifier alone to reduce the pain response from dressing wounds in neonates and infants.
Materials and Methods Thirty-two neonates and infants who underwent surgery and required postoperative wound dressing were randomized to a pacifier group (n = 16) and a 24% sucrose plus pacifier group (“sucrose group”; n = 16). Demographic data, crying time, and pain behaviors were recorded using a video recorder. The pain behaviors were assessed independently using the neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) by three assessors, who were expert in pediatric pain assessment and blinded to the subject allocations.
Results Participants in the sucrose group were older than those in the pacifier group (6.19 ± 2.95 vs. 3.88 ± 3.2 months). While there were no differences in the NIPS scores of the two groups at 30, 120, and 240 seconds, the incidence of moderate-to-severe pain was lower in the sucrose group than the pacifier group at 120 seconds (37.5 vs. 50%). The crying time was lower in the sucrose group, but without statistical significance.
Conclusion The 24% sucrose plus pacifier was not superior to the pacifier alone in decreasing pain behavioral responses. Dressing wound pain produced a high-intensity pain behavioral response. A pain management strategy should be developed to lessen the postoperative procedural pain in pediatric patients.
Nasal Analysis of Classic Animated Movie Villains versus Hero Counterparts
Authors: Allen Meredith A. , Lucas Jordyn P. , Chung Michael , Rayess Hani M. , Zuliani Giancarlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOpposing facial features between animated villains and heroes have historically been used to demonstrate contrasting morality between characters, and this could have an impact on how humans view someone as good or evil in everyday life. Studies have been done investigating classic dermatologic features of villainous characters. This principle can be applied to nasal features as well. A search for “top animated characters” was performed. Characters were chosen from American Film Institute's “The Top Tens,” Rolling Stone's “25 Best Pixar Movie Characters,” and Screenrant's “The 30 Best Animated Movie Characters of All Time.” Twenty villains and twenty hero counterparts from respective films were chosen. Classic nasal features were analyzed. Twenty villains (14 male, 6 female) and 20 heroes (12 male, 8 female) were analyzed. Sixteen villains (80%) had greater than normal nasal frontal angle versus 18 heroes (90%). Thirteen villains (65%) had an acute nasolabial angle versus two heroes (10%). Two villains (10%) had excess columellar show versus seven heroes (35%). Seven villains (35%) and one hero (5%) had a dorsal hump. Twelve villains (60%) had an overprojected chin versus three heroes (15%). Villains in pre-2000s films more frequently had a dorsal hump, overprojected chin, ptotic tip, pollybeak deformity, and bulbous tip. Heroes in pre-2000s films more frequently had an overrotated tip. Villains and heroes commonly have a greater than normal nasofrontal angle. Villains more commonly have an acute nasolabial angle, underrotated tip, overprojected chin, dorsal hump, and pollybeak deformity. Heroes more commonly have a large nasolabial angle and overrotated tip. Further research in conjunction with psychologists is required to obtain concrete data on how this affects whether an individual in real life is seen as good or evil, and the impact this has on interactions in society, including in the medical field.
Comparative Study of Sealing Ability of Different Filling Materials for Root End: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Bhatia Shagun , Jain Ankush , Sood Himanshu , Jain Kanu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Failure in surgical endodontic techniques can occur most commonly due to improper seal in the apical region. The root-end filling material used should not allow the contamination of the periapical tissue. The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), white Portland cement (PC) and intermediate restorative material (IRM) for sealing root-end by dye leakage test.
Materials and Methods 120 teeth with single root were prepared through instruments. Following obturation, the apex was cut, and a cavity was made. Then, the teeth were divided into four groups (Group I: MTA, Group II: white PC, Group III: IRM, Group IV: control). Cavities made at apex in the first three groups were then filled with the respective materials. Exposure to the dye, India Ink, was then done for a time period of 72 hours. The depth of penetration of dye inside the whole root was then evaluated with a magnification of 16X under stereomicroscope in vitro.
Result MTA showed statistically significant difference in sealing ability (p < 0.05) as compared with other materials.
Conclusion MTA cement showed better sealing ability. It is an ideal retrograde filling material, because it is a biocompatible material and has a good marginal adaptation as compared with PC which, in turn, showed better sealing ability than IRM.
A Weyl entropy of pure spacetime regions
Authors: Belgiorno Francesco , Catino Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We focus on the Penrose’s Weyl curvature hypothesis in a general framework encompassing many specific models discussed in literature. We introduce a candidate density for the Weyl entropy in pure spacetime perfect fluid regions and show that it is monotonically increasing in time under very general assumptions. Then we consider the behavior of the Weyl entropy of compact regions, which is shown to be monotone in time as well under suitable hypotheses, and also maximal in correspondence with vacuum static metrics. The minimal entropy case is discussed too.
Ultrasensitive detection of antigen–antibody interaction and triglycerides in liquid ambient using polysilicon cantilevers
Authors: Chinnamani M V , Bhadra Priyanka , Fidal V T , Gayathri S , Chadha Anju , Bhattacharya Enakshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeasurement in liquid media is a major challenge in real-time detection using resonant cantilevers. This is addressed in the present study by fabricating sub-micron thick cantilevers followed by functionalization for biomolecule detection.The fabricated cantilever resonator beams of thickness 165 nm were used for measurements in two systems: (i) human immunoglobulin (HIgG) as the antibody on the cantilever sensing mouse immunoglobulin (MIgG) as corresponding antigen, and (ii) detection of triglyceride (TG) based on the enzymatic hydrolysis with lipase, using tributyrin as a model. In both cases, the beams were functionalized for covalent bonding of the protein receptor. The label-free detection was carried out by measuring the shift in resonance frequency at higher modes, using a laser Doppler vibrometer in liquid and in air.The calibration showed a linear correlation between the bioanalyte concentration and change in the resonance frequency. Notably, detection of antigen mass as low as 434 ± 59fg and triglyceride concentration in the nM range with limit of detection as 7 nM in liquid interface was achieved, greatly improving the sensitivity of bioanalyte detection in liquid samples.Although frequency-based methods are highly sensitive, the issues with measurement liquid medium limit their application. In the present report, these issues were addressed by fabricating sub-micron thick cantilever beam, choosing an appropriate functionalization method without affecting the sensitivity, and measurement at higher modes. These have resulted in circumventing issues like damping and hydrodynamic loading thus improving its potential as real-time sensor.
Optimisation of vortex tubes and the potential for use in atmospheric separation
Authors: Agarwal Gautam , McConkey Zack P , Hassard Dr. John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Climate change requires us to extract hundreds of gigatonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere over the next few decades. This requires we develop and scale up viable technologies to sequester CO2 from the highly dilute atmospheric concentrations. CO2 gas freezes at −78.5 °C and thus, in principle, can be separated from air, the nitrogen in which begins to freeze at −210 °C. Vortex tubes were investigated as a potential method of carbon capture through a series of geometrical and procedural optimisations. Ambient air is compressed and then separated by temperature due to the action of the Vortex Tube. These optimisations determined an increase in system pressure and length at cold mass fraction of 40% led to increased cooling. The heat profile of pipes suggested radiative cooling as the vortex propagated. An optimised single tube reached a maximum cooling of 39.9±2 °C. Vortex tubes thus present a method of separating and capturing components of the atmosphere. With further work, such as the successful combination of tubes in series, it is hoped that vortex tubes may prove to be a scalable solution capable of contributing to the reduction in atmospheric CO2 using the solar cyclone tower to provide the energy and air flows required for this task.
An ordered-disordered separated graphene nanoribbon: high thermoelectric performance
Authors: Ganguly Sudin , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The key requirement for an enhanced thermoelectric (TE) performance is the presence of asymmetry in transmission function. Focussing on this issue, we propose a unique idea to enhance TE performance in a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) that has not been explored so far to the best of our concern. In the present work, one part of the GNR is considered as a disordered region while the rest of the system is clean. Such an ordered-disordered separated structure yields more asymmetric transmission function over the conventional uniform disordered one. Finally, we include the effect of electron–electron (e–e) interaction to check whether it brings any non-trivial signature on TE performance. The e–e interaction is taken in the form of an on-site Hubbard model and we compute our results within a Hartree–Fock mean field approach. The results obtained in the present work exhibit quite remarkable TE performance along with some non-trivial features.
Interaction between impurity elements (C, N and O) and hydrogen in hcp-Zr: a first-principles study
Authors: Feng Menglin , Liu Guangdong , Liu Zhixiao , Hu Wangyu , He Xinfu , Deng Huiqiu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Zirconium (Zr) alloys as cladding materials are widely used in fission reactors. The service life of Zr-based materials cladding is seriously affected by the hydrogen (H) behaviors; while the impurities (C, N and O) in Zr alloys have a great influence on the hydrogen behaviors. In this work, we have investigated the impurity–hydrogen interactions in hexagonal-closed packed Zr (hcp-Zr) by a first-principles approach. It was found that H atom tends to occupy tetrahedral interstitial position in perfect Zr and occupy octahedral interstitial position in Zr with vacancy, while the impurities tend to occupy octahedral interstitial positions in Zr both with and without vacancy. The impurities can trap H atoms. Four possible paths were studied for the diffusion of H atom in hcp-Zr, and it is found that the diffusion barriers of H varied with the presence of impurities.
Non-linear nanoscale piezoresponse of single ZnO nanowires affected by piezotronic effect
Authors: Lozano Helena , Catalán Gustau , Esteve Jaume , Domingo Neus , Murillo Gonzalo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) as semiconductor piezoelectric nanostructures have emerged as material of interest for applications in energy harvesting, photonics, sensing, biomedical science, actuators or spintronics. The expression for the piezoelectric properties in semiconductor materials is concealed by the screening effect of the available carriers and the piezotronic effect, leading to complex nanoscale piezoresponse signals. Here, we have developed a metal–semiconductor–metal model to simulate the piezoresponse of single ZnO NWs, demonstrating that the apparent non-linearity in the piezoelectric coefficient arises from the asymmetry created by the forward and reversed biased Schottky barriers at the semiconductor–metal junctions. By directly measuring the experimental I–V characteristics of ZnO NWs with conductive atomic force microscope together with the piezoelectric vertical coefficient by piezoresponse force microscopy, and comparing them with the numerical calculations for our model, effective piezoelectric coefficients in the range d
33eff ∼ 8.6 pm V−1–12.3 pm V−1 have been extracted for ZnO NWs. We have further demonstrated via simulations the dependence between the effective piezoelectric coefficient d
33eff and the geometry and physical dimensions of the NW (radius to length ratio), revealing that the higher d
33eff is obtained for thin and long NWs due to the tensor nature proportionality between electric fields and deformation in NW geometries. Moreover, the non-linearity of the piezoresponse also leads to multiharmonic electromechanical response observed at the second and higher harmonics that indeed is not restricted to piezoelectric semiconductor materials but can be generalized to any type of asymmetric voltage drops on a piezoelectric structure as well as leaky wide band-gap semiconductor ferroelectrics.
Piezoelectric polymer energy harvesting system fluctuating in a high speed wind-flow around a running electric vehicle
Authors: Kim Cheol , Park Chang-min , Yoon Jin-young , Park Sang-young 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The battery of electric vehicles (EVs) is the only power source for the operation of an electric motor, heating and cooling devices, and many other auxiliaries. Therefore, the EV may be vulnerable to electricity shortage during running. It may be good if turbulent flow or vortex induced vibrations occurring around a vehicle body can be transformed into electricity by a piezoelectric energy harvester. In this study, an electric energy harvester has been developed in the forms of thin piezoelectric polymer beams and plates in order to supply auxiliary electric power for EV. The piezoelectric thin beam and plate can be installed as a grill structure or on the surface of a car while two edges of the harvesting structures are fixed and they fluctuate due to the various high-speed airflow-induced vibrations during running of the vehicle. The vortex shedding pressures around the piezoelectric systems and a whole car are computed on the basis of computational fluid dynamic transient analyses with FLUENT. The displacements and resulting voltages of energy harvesting structures are computed by using ANSYS piezoelectric finite element analyses which use the input loadings of the transient vortex shedding pressures obtained from CFD. As results of analyses, a reasonable amount of electric power applicable for the charge of an EV battery can be harvested from the passing wind around a vehicle. The 0.12 mm-thin PVDF beam-type (260 mm × 10 mm) and the plate-type (75 mm × 30 mm) generated the maximum 61.43 volt and 21.5 mW power and 4.77 volt and 0.191 mW at the air-speed of 90 km h−1 in the wind tunnel tests, respectively. The two types of harvesting systems installed on a car were also tested while driving the real car. The test results showed the good agreements with numerical predictions and wind tunnel test results.
A novel stick-slip piezoelectric rotary actuator designed by employing a centrosymmetric flexure hinge mechanism
Authors: Wang Yirui , Xu Zhi , Huang Hu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Although the stick-slip piezoelectric linear actuators have been widely investigated, the design of stick-slip piezoelectric rotary actuators is rarely reported and the corresponding output performances could be further improved. In this study, by employing a centrosymmetric flexure hinge mechanism, a novel stick-slip piezoelectric rotary actuator was designed. Its structure and working processes were addressed in detail, and the main structural parameters of the centrosymmetric flexure hinge mechanism were designed by the finite-element method. After that, a prototype was fabricated and a series of experiments were performed to test its output performances. The experimental results showed that under various driving voltages, the actuator could output stable angular displacement, and with increase in the driving voltage, the angular speed tended to linearly increase. Under the driving voltage of 100 V and driving frequency of 600 Hz, the actuator reached a maximum angular speed of about 55 000 μrad s−1. The driving resolution of the actuator was 0.34 μrad, and the maximum vertical loading capacity and torque were tested to be 6 kg and 30 N · mm, respectively. In addition, both clockwise and anticlockwise rotations were realized by simply changing the direction of the driving voltage waveform, and furthermore, under the same experimental conditions, very similar output performances were achieved in clockwise and anticlockwise rotations. Compared with some previously reported stick-slip piezoelectric rotary actuators, it was confirmed that the vertical loading capacity and driving resolution of the designed actuator here had been improved, which would be beneficial to its practical application.
Decreased resilience in power grids under dynamically induced vulnerabilities
Authors: Galindo-González C C , Angulo-Garcia D , Osorio G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a methodology inspired on bond and site percolation methods is applied to the estimation of the resilience against failures in power grids. Our approach includes vulnerability measures with both dynamical and structural foundations as an attempt to find more insights about the relationships between topology and dynamics in the second-order Kuramoto model on complex networks. As test cases for numerical simulations, we use the real-world topology of the Colombian power transmission system, as well as randomly generated networks with spatial embedding. It is observed that, by focusing the attacks on those dynamical vulnerabilities, the power grid becomes, in general, more prone to reach a state of total blackout, which in the case of node removal procedures it is conditioned by the homogeneity of power distribution in the network.
Complementary properties of multiphoton quantum states in linear optics networks
Authors: Wu Jun-Yi , Murao Mio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have developed a theory for accessing quantum coherences in mutually unbiased bases associated with generalized Pauli operators in multiphoton multimode linear optics networks (LONs). We show a way to construct complementary Pauli measurements in multiphoton LONs and establish a theory for evaluation of their photonic measurement statistics without dealing with the computational complexity of Boson samplings. This theory extends characterization of complementary properties in single-photon LONs to multiphoton LONs employing convex-roof extension. It allows us to detect quantum properties such as entanglement using complementary Pauli measurements, which reveals the physical significance of entanglement between modes in bipartite multiphoton LONs.