bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐ and risk factor–based serologic screening for Hepatitis C virus among an Urban, high‐risk population
Authors: Dimova Rositsa B. , Rude Eric , Talal Andrew H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) screening among individuals born between 1945 and 1965 (ie birth cohort) may augment risk factor–based screening. We assessed HCV seropositivity among injection drug users (IDUs) and birth cohort members from New York City. We assessed HCV risk factors and seropositivity in 7722 participants from community health, HIV prevention, syringe exchange and drug treatment programmes. A total of 26.6% were HCV seropositive, 55.8% were born between 1945 and 1965, and 82.2% had ever injected drugs. Among all participants, HCV seropositivity was higher among IDUs compared to non‐IDUs (60.5% versus 7.7%, odds ratio (OR) = 18.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) [16.2, 21.1], P < .0001) and among birth cohort members compared to non‐birth cohort members (31.3% versus 22.3%, OR = 1.6, 95%CI [1.4, 1.8], P < .0001). Within the birth cohort, HCV seroprevalence among IDUs was 68.5% versus 11.8%, OR = 16.2, 95%CI [13.7, 19.3]. After adjustment, HCV seroprevalence was higher in IDUs, previously incarcerated, whites (<42 years) and ‘other races’ (versus blacks), HIV‐infected, those who snorted heroin, those with liver disease history, and those who had sex with an HCV‐seropositive partner. HCV seroprevalence among IDU, birth cohort members, was considerably higher than among the general population. In this high‐risk, urban population, the association between IDU and HCV seropositivity was approximately ten times that between birth cohort membership and HCV seropositivity.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with systemic hypertension in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: García San José Paula , Arenas Bermejo Carolina , Clares Moral Irene , Cuesta Alvaro Pedro , Pérez Alenza María Dolores 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystemic hypertension (SH) is common in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) however there are not many studies assessing its prevalence and risk factors.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and severity of SH in dogs with HAC and its association with clinical and laboratory findings to identify potential risk factors.AnimalsSixty‐six client owned dogs with spontaneous HAC.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study. Medical records of dogs with HAC were reviewed. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using Doppler ultrasonography. Clinical signs, physical examination findings and clinicopathologic data (CBC, serum biochemistry and electrolytes, urinalysis and urinary culture, and adrenal function tests) were reviewed for analysis.ResultsPrevalence of SH (≥150 mm Hg) was 82% (54/66) and prevalence of severe SH (≥180 mm Hg) was 46% (30/66). All dogs with thrombocytosis had SH (P= .002), and a platelet count ≥438 × 103/μL was 100% specific and 61.1% sensitive to predict SH (AUC = .802,P= .001). Median potassium levels were lower in hypertensive dogs (4.1 mEq/L, range 3.1‐5.4 mEq/L) than in normotensive ones (4.5 mEq/L, range 4.0‐5.0 mEq/L) (P= .007). Dogs with UPC ≥ 0.5 had higher median SBP than those without proteinuria (P= .03). Dogs with concurrent diabetes mellitus seemed to have a reduced risk of SH (OR = .118, 95%CI = .022‐.626,P= .02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSystemic hypertension is common in dogs with HAC and is frequently severe. Blood pressure should be routinely assessed in these dogs, especially if thrombocytosis, proteinuria or low potassium concentrations are present.
Synergistic effects of extracellular vesicle phenotyping and AFP in hepatobiliary cancer differentiation
Authors: Urban Sabine K. , Sänger Hanna , Krawczyk Marcin , Julich‐Haertel Henrike , Willms Arnulf , Ligocka Joanna , Azkargorta Mikel , Mocan Tudor , Kahlert Christoph , Kruk Beata , Jankowski Krzysztof , Patkowski Waldemar , Krawczyk Marek , Zieniewicz Krzysztof , Hołówko Wacław , Krupa Łukasz , Rzucidło Mateusz , Gutkowski Krzysztof , Wystrychowski Wojciech , Król Robert , Raszeja‐Wyszomirska Joanna , Słomka Artur , Schwab Robert , Wöhler Aliona , Gonzalez‐Carmona Maria A. , Gehlert Sebastian , Sparchez Zeno , Banales Jesus M. , Strassburg Christian P. , Lammert Frank , Milkiewicz Piotr , Kornek Miroslaw 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiliary cancer, comprising cholangio‐ and gallbladder carcinomas, is associated with high mortality due to asymptomatic disease onset and resulting late diagnosis. Currently, no robust diagnostic biomarker is clinically available. Therefore, we explored the feasibility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a liquid biopsy tool for biliary cancer screening and hepatobiliary cancer differentiation.MethodsSerum EVs of biliary cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer patients, as well as from healthy individuals, were isolated by sequential two‐step centrifugation and presence of indicated EVs was evaluated by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis.ResultsTwo directly tumour‐related antigen combinations (AnnV+CD44v6+ and AnnV+CD44v6+CD133+) and two combinations related to progenitor cells from the tumour microenvironment (AnnV+CD133+gp38+ and AnnV+EpCAM+ CD133+gp38+) were associated with good diagnostic performances that could potentially be used for clinical assessment of biliary cancer and differentiation from other cancer entities. With 91% sensitivity and 69% specificity AnnV+CD44v6+ EVs showed the most promising results for differentiating biliary cancers from HCC. Moreover using a combined approach of EV levels of the four populations with serum AFP values, we obtained a perfect separation of biliary cancer and HCC with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value all reaching 100% respectively.ConclusionsEV phenotyping, especially if combined with serum AFP, represents a minimally invasive, accurate liquid biopsy tool that could improve cancer screening and differential diagnosis of hepatobiliary malignancies.
Translating outcome frameworks to assessment programmes: Implications for validity
Authors: Tavares Walter , Rowland Paula , Dagnone Damon , McEwen Laura A. , Billett Stephen , Sibbald Matthew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesCompetency‐based medical education (CBME) requires that educators structure assessment of clinical competence using outcome frameworks. Although these frameworks may serve some outcomes well (e.g. represent eventual practice), translating these into workplace‐based assessment plans may undermine validity and, therefore, trustworthiness of assessment decisions due to a number of competing factors that may not always be visible or their impact knowable. Explored here is the translation process from outcome framework to formative and summative assessment plans in postgraduate medical education (PGME) in three Canadian universities.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study involving in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with leaders of PGME programmes involved in assessment and/or CBME implementation, with a focus on their assessment‐based translational activities and evaluation strategies. Interviews were informed by Callon's theory of translation. Our analytical strategy involved directed content analysis, allowing us to be guided by Kane's validity framework, whilst still participating in open coding and analytical memo taking. We then engaged in axial coding to systematically explore themes across the dataset, various situations and our conceptual framework.ResultsTwenty‐four interviews were conducted involving 15 specialties across three universities. Our results suggest: (i) using outcomes frameworks for assessment is necessary for good assessment but are also viewed as incomplete constructs; (ii) there are a number of social and practical negotiations with competing factors that displace validity as a core influencer in assessment planning, including implementation, accreditation and technology; and (iii) validity exists as threatened, uncertain and assumed due to a number of unchecked assumptions and reliance on surrogates.ConclusionsTranslational processes in CBME involve negotiating with numerous influencing actors and institutions that, from an assessment perspective, provide challenges for assessment scientists, institutions and educators to contend with. These processes are challenging validity as a core element of assessment designs. Educators must reconcile these influences when preparing for or structuring validity arguments.
A case of inflammatory myopathy with anti‐PM/Scl antibodies myopathologically presenting as polymyositis with mitochondrial pathology
Authors: Matsumoto Arifumi , Izumi Rumiko , Sugeno Naoto , Suzuki Naoki , Namatame Chihiro , Soga Temma , Nishiyama Ayumi , Kuroda Hiroshi , Aoki Masashi , Nagano Isao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe describe a rare case of inflammatory myopathy with anti‐PM/Scl antibodies myopathologically presenting as polymyositis with mitochondrial pathology (PM‐Mito). A 74‐year‐old Japanese man developed only slowly progressive proximal dominant muscle weakness and atrophy of the four extremities over the past 3 years. His serum creatine kinase level was moderately elevated, and anti‐PM/Scl‐75 antibodies were present. Systemic sclerosis and other systemic autoimmune diseases were not detected. Muscle biopsy revealed endomysial CD8‐positive T‐cell infiltration with diffuse upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens, few necrotic and regenerative changes atypical for polymyositis, few rimmed vacuoles and protein aggregates atypical for sporadic inclusion body myositis, and an excess of cytochrome C oxidase‐negative muscle fibers reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction. The elevated serum creatine kinase level decreased to the normal range following the initiation of oral tacrolimus treatment. PM‐Mito should be considered as one of the background myopathologies of inflammatory myopathy with anti‐PM/Scl antibodies.
Aesthetic testimony, understanding and virtue
Authors: Hills Alison 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThough much of what we learn about the world comes from trusting testimony, the status of aesthetic testimony – testimony about aesthetic value – is equivocal. We do listen to art critics but our trust in them is typically only provisional, until we are in a position to make up our own mind. I argue that provisional trust (but not full trust) in testimony typically allows us to develop and use aesthetic understanding (understanding why a work of art is valuable, or similar); and aesthetic understanding is an essential component of aesthetic virtue. Aesthetic virtue is the orientation of a whole person towards aesthetic value and aesthetic reasons, through action, non‐cognitive and cognitive attitudes. The ideal (aesthetically virtuous) way to make aesthetic judgements is through your own aesthetic understanding.
Insemination of sows with seminal doses prepared by a two‐step hypothermic dilution does not impair the reproductive performance at farm
Authors: Soler‐Llorens Pedro , Mendoza Noelia , Miguel Joaquín , Falceto María Victoria , Mitjana Olga , Ausejo Raquel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReproduction in swine is mostly carried out through artificial insemination (AI). For this purpose, AI studs collect the ejaculates, analyse the sperm quality, dilute and package to produce seminal doses and ship them to sow farms to carry out the AI. Temperature is controlled during the process to avoid sperm damage. Semen is diluted in the extender in a one‐step or a two‐step process where the second can be isothermic (approximately 32°C) or hypothermic (room temperature 21–22°C). Both techniques are currently performed, and the latter could reduce time and costs, but the literature available comparing the processes is scarce and presents discrepancies. To date, there are no studies about its impact in fertility. This study compared hypothermic two‐step dilution (HTSD) and isothermic two‐step dilution (ITSD) in laboratory and field trial to elucidate whether HTSD has any effect. Ejaculates from 72 boars in nine AI studs were split and processed with both techniques using a high‐performance extender and evaluated in laboratory. Four farms inseminated 345 sows with samples of four of these AI studs, and their fertility and prolificacy were registered. Results show no significant differences between doses prepared by HTSD and ITSD technique, having no impact in laboratory results (percentage of motile sperm, short hypoosmotic swelling test (sHOST) and short osmotic resistance test (sORT), viable sperm, damaged acrosomes, sperm under early apoptosis, high mitochondrial membrane potential (p > .1), fertility (92.2% versus 94.1%, p = .45) or farrowing rate (15.8 ± 0.3 versus 16.1 ± 0.3 p = .46). In conclusion, our results suggest that HTSD of semen on extender could be safely implemented in AI studs under the conditions tested.
Fungal recognition by mammalian fibrinogen‐related proteins
Authors: Pilecki Bartosz , Moeller Jesper Bonnet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFungi are ubiquitous eukaryotic micro‐organisms present in virtually all environmental habitats. Although rarely pathogenic to the healthy population, many fungal species are capable of causing human disease in immunocompromised individuals. Thus, fungal infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with rising prevalence accompanying the worldwide increase in immunosuppression‐based therapies. Therefore, better understanding of the mutual interactions between the protective host mechanisms and the invading fungi remains of critical importance. The innate immune system constitutes the first line of defence against exogenous insults. The innate antifungal immunity is mediated through recognition of specific pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by a broad panel of host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), responsible for mounting adequate protective responses. In this review, we describe fungal PAMPs as well as a selection of PRRs able to recognize them. We focus on the members of the fibrinogen‐related domain (FReD) protein family that have been shown to recognize fungi‐derived molecules: ficolins, fibrinogen C domain containing 1 (FIBCD1) and tenascin‐C. We describe their structure, their binding targets and their established as well as putative biological functions related to fungal recognition and immunity.
How many runners with new‐onset Achilles tendinopathy develop persisting symptoms? A large prospective cohort study
Authors: Lagas Iris F. , Fokkema Tryntsje , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. , Verhaar Jan A. N. , van Middelkoop Marienke , de Vos Robert‐Jan 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAchilles tendinopathy (AT) occurs in half of the elite runners. AT is a difficult‐to‐treat tendon disease, which may progress from new onset to a chronic state. It is unknown how many runners with new‐onset AT develop persisting symptoms and which prognostic factors are associated with this course.ObjectiveTo describe how many runners develop persisting symptoms 1 year after onset of reactive AT.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsRunners registering for a Dutch running event (5‐42.2 km) were eligible for inclusion. Runners reporting new‐onset AT between registration for the running event and 1 month after received a 1‐year follow‐up questionnaire. The 1‐year follow‐up questionnaire inquired about persisting symptoms (yes/no), running activity, and metabolic disorders. We calculated the percentage of runners with persisting symptoms and performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to study the association between potential prognostic factors and persisting symptoms.ResultsOf 1929 participants, 100 runners (5%) reported new‐onset AT. A total of 62 runners (62%) filled in the 1‐year follow‐up questionnaire. Persisting symptoms were reported by 20 runners (32%). A higher running distance per week before new‐onset AT was associated with a lower risk of developing persisting symptoms (odds ratio (OR): 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.9;1.0]). There was a positive trend toward an association between metabolic disorders and persisting symptoms (OR: 5.7, 95% CI: [0.9;36.2]).ConclusionOne third of runners develop persisting symptoms 1 year after new‐onset AT. Interestingly, a higher running distance per week before new‐onset AT potentially lowers the risk of developing persisting symptoms.
Evaluation of a novel non‐surgical post‐pyloric feeding technique in dogs with severe acute kidney injury
Authors: Hinden Sandro E. , Schweighauser Ariane , Francey Thierry 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the placement and the performance of a new post‐pyloric feeding (PPF) system, and compare it to esophageal (E) feeding in dogs with severe acute kidney injury (AKI).DesignProspective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned dogs with severe AKI treated with hemodialysis.InterventionsDogs were randomly assigned to 2 feeding techniques, PPF or E feeding; for PPF, an 8‐Fr jejunal (J) tube was introduced through a standard 18‐Fr E‐tube and advanced endoscopically through the pylorus. A commercial liquid diet was administered at a continuous rate for at least 5 days. After the removal of the internal J‐tube, feeding was continued through the E‐tube. Control dogs were fed blended food 5 times daily through an E‐tube. Placement technique, nutritional efficiency, and metabolic response to nutritional support were compared between the groups.Measurements and main resultsFeeding tubes were placed a medium of 1 day (interquartile range, 0.8 d) after presentation. Median procedure‐time in the group PPF was 26.5 min (11.5 min), including 8.5 min (2.7 min) for the E‐tube and 17.5 min (5.0 min) for the J‐tube. J‐tubes were used for 5 days (1.5 d) with oral displacement observed in 3/10 dogs. The goal to administer 130% resting energy requirement within 3 days was reached in 13/20 dogs (8/10 PPF, 5/10 E). Despite nutritional support, dogs lost 1.2% body weight per day (1.1%), with no difference between the groups. The metabolic improvement was comparable between the groups, despite marked differences in the diet composition.ConclusionsThis new feeding technique can be recommended as an efficient method for early nutritional support in dogs with severe AKI. The protein‐energy wasting observed despite active nutritional support suggests, however, the necessity for increased feeding targets or qualitative changes in diet composition for dogs with AKI.
Center of rotation of angulation‐based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle
Authors: Schlag Ariel N. , Peycke Laura E. , Hulse Don A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe outcomes of dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA) and cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease treated with center of rotation of angulation‐based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) and cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWO).Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsTwenty‐one dogs.MethodsMedical records of dogs with CrCL disease and eTPA (>34°) treated with CBLO/CCWO were reviewed. Signalment, body weight, intra‐articular structure appearance, TPA (preoperatively, postoperatively, and at osteotomy healing), postoperative function, and complications were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐one dogs (28 stifles) with CrCL disease/eTPA underwent CBLO/CCWO. Twenty stifles had complete CrCL tears and eight tears were partial. Mean age and weight of dogs were 4 years (range, 1‐9) and 27 kg (range, 4‐65), respectively. Medial menisci were normal in 20 stifles, torn in 5, and degenerative in 3. All lateral menisci were normal. The caudal cruciate ligament was normal in 26 stifles and partially torn in 2. Mean TPA was 43° preoperatively, 10° postoperatively, and 10° at final recheck. Grade 4 healing occurred in all osteotomies by 8 weeks postoperatively. Complications included one pin migration, breakage of two proximal screws (1 case), one late‐onset caudolateral band CrCL tear, two late‐onset meniscal tears, and one surgical site infection. Eighteen dogs returned to full function, and three dogs achieved acceptable function, at a mean of 27 months.ConclusionCenter of rotation of angulation‐based leveling osteotomy/CCWO resulted in grade 4 osteotomy healing by 8 weeks, minimal complications, and acceptable to full return to function.Clinical significanceCenter of rotation of angulation‐based leveling osteotomy/CCWO should be considered to treat canine CrCL disease/eTPA.
Effect of high intensity interval training on body composition in women before and after menopause: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Dupuit Marine , Maillard Florie , Pereira Bruno , Marquezi Marcelo Luis , Lancha Antonio Herbert , Boisseau Nathalie 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
A meta‐analysis of the efficacy of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in reducing weight, total fat mass (FM) and (intra)‐abdominal FM in normal‐weight and overweight/obese women before and after menopause.

What advances does it highlight?
HIIT programmes in women significantly decrease body weight and total and abdominal FM. Their effects are more evident in pre‐ than in postmenopausal women. Cycling HIIT seems more effective than running, especially in postmenopausal women, and training interventions longer than 8 weeks comprising three sessions a week should be promoted.

AbstractHigh‐intensity interval training (HIIT) is a stimulating modality for reducing body weight and adipose tissue. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to assess the efficacy of HIIT in reducing weight, total fat mass (FM) and (intra)‐abdominal FM in normal‐weight and overweight/obese women before and after menopause. A structured electronic search was performed to find all publications relevant to our review. Stratified analyses were made of hormonal status (pre‐ vs. postmenopausal state), weight, HIIT modalities (cycling vs. running), programme duration (< or ≥8 weeks) and the methods used to measure body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry vs. computed tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and others). A total of 38 studies involving 959 subjects were included. Our meta‐analysis showed that overall HIIT programmes significantly decrease weight, total and abdominal FM in women. Both normal weight and overweight/obese women lost total FM after HIIT protocols whereas HIIT was only effective in decreasing abdominal FM in women with excess adiposity. When pre‐ and postmenopausal women were considered separately, the effect of HIIT on weight, total and abdominal FM were only significant before menopause. Cycling HIIT seemed more effective than running, especially in postmenopausal women, and training interventions longer than 8 weeks comprising three sessions were more efficient. HIIT is a successful strategy to lose weight and FM in normal weight and overweight/obese women. However, further studies are still needed to draw meaningful conclusions about the real effectiveness of HIIT protocols in postmenopausal women.