bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Topical Antibiotic and Povidone-Iodine Versus Povidone Iodine Alone on Conjunctival Flora: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rees Amelia Charlotte , Saleki Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Topic:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether adding preoperative topical antibiotics to povidone-iodine (PVI) offers any additional benefit over PVI alone in reducing conjunctival bacterial flora, thereby potentially lowering the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis. The participants included 1423 eyes undergoing elective intraocular surgeries (e.g., cataract, keratoplasty, trabeculectomy) or receiving intravitreal injections. The interventions studied were PVI combined with third-generation quinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, or gatifloxacin) compared with PVI alone. The outcome measure was post-intervention rate of positive conjunctival bacterial cultures prior to ophthalmic procedure.

Clinical Relevance:
Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare but serious complication of intraocular surgery, potentially leading to significant vision loss. While PVI is widely recognised as an essential prophylactic measure, the role of preoperative topical antibiotics remains debated. Defining the necessity of antibiotic use in routine cataract surgery is important, especially given the concerns about antibiotic resistance and the rising cost of healthcare. The current standard of care varies globally, with PVI commonly used alone in many regions, such as the UK.

Methods:
Studies were included based on the comparison of preoperative PVI with or without antibiotics in patients undergoing intraocular surgery. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases, covering literature up to October 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Results:
Seven studies were included, comprising 1423 eyes. A meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in the reduction of conjunctival bacterial flora between PVI + antibiotics and PVI alone (OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.42–1.42, p=0.41). Subgroup analysis showed that levofloxacin combined with PVI significantly reduced positive culture rates (OR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.81, p=0.006), while moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin did not show similar benefits. Moderate heterogeneity was observed across studies (I2=58%, p=0.04).

Conclusion:
This review found no conclusive benefit of using preoperative topical antibiotics alongside PVI in routine ophthalmic procedures. However, in patients at high-risk of endophthalmitis, levofloxacin may offer additional protection.
Successful lung transplantation in RPILD associated with anti-MDA5ab+: A case report
Authors: Zhang Chaoyang , Guo Jianxing , Ye Guowei , Zhang Dong 
Published: February 2025

Rationale:
Lung transplantation in rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease associated with antimelanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 antibody positive may be a rescue therapy in case of medical treatment failure and impossible weaning from the ventilatory support.

Patient concerns:
A 59-year-old man with cough, expectoration, and fever for more than half a month, which aggravated with dyspnea for 4 days.

Diagnoses:
Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease was confirmed through chest high-resolution computed tomography and antimelanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 antibody positive.

Interventions:
The patient was given extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and double lung transplantation.

Outcomes:
The patient is currently undergoing rehabilitation in a general ward and follow-up.

Lessons:
Lung transplantation should be considered when impossible weaning from the ventilatory support.
Long-term effect of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in kidney functions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Yanqun , Sun Jia 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (such as dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and canagliflozin) are essential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes because they improve the urine excretion of glucose. Although there are advantages, including weight loss and enhanced heart health, caution is necessary because of possible negative effects, such as higher urine output and euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. They may slow chronic kidney disease progression, therefore, renal function must be monitored. This study aims to determine the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in the prevention of renal deterioration in terms of reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with compromised renal functions.

Methods:
This study aimed to document the long-term effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney function. PubMed and Google Scholar were the key sources of scholarly publications, and Boolean operators were used to perform exact searches. Nine articles were considered relevant out of a total of 244, following extensive screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts according to PRISMA recommendations.

Results:
This study included randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating the long-term effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on renal function across patient demographics and locations. Clinical investigations showed different effects on eGFR across control and study groups, suggesting renal protection. A meta-analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitors enhanced kidney function more than the controls.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis concluded that SGLT2 inhibitors have the potential to prevent eGFR reduction and improve renal function in patients with compromised renal function and underlying conditions such as chronic kidney disease or type 1 and 2 diabetes. However, this meta-analysis showed beneficial results in the prevention of renal deterioration within several follow-up periods, with an average of 11 to 12 months.
Carcinoid tumor arising from a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: A case report
Authors: Huang Weitao , Han Xiaowei , Zhou Jinhong , Zhang Guozheng 
Published: February 2025

Rationale:
Carcinoid tumors arising from mature cystic teratomas of the ovary (MCTO) are exceptionally rare and often misdiagnosed as benign teratomas on imaging studies, which can lead to delayed or inappropriate treatment. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of this rare condition by presenting a case of a carcinoid tumor originating from MCTO, highlighting its unique imaging features and clinical presentation, and discussing the importance of accurate preoperative diagnosis.

Patient concerns:
A 59-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital following an ultrasound physical examination that revealed an anterior uterine parenchymal mass. She exhibited no obvious abnormal clinical symptoms.

Diagnosis:
CT and MRI of the pelvis revealed a cystic-solid soft tissue mass with small calcified foci and a significant cystic fatty component. There was a marked enhancement of the solid component in the pelvis off to the right, leading to the consideration of a teratoma.

Interventions:
The final clinical preoperative diagnosis was an ovarian teratoma. Pelvic tumor resection was performed after the exclusion of contraindications to surgery. Postoperative pathology revealed a carcinoid tumor arising from MCTO.

Limitations:
This study is limited by the fact that it reports a single case, which makes it difficult to generalize the findings to a larger population. Additionally, the rarity of this condition means that there is limited literature available for comparison, which could provide a broader understanding of the potential challenges in diagnosing similar cases. The retrospective nature of the case also restricts the ability to conduct a more extensive analysis of potential risk factors.

Outcomes:
The patient did not receive adjuvant therapy post-surgery. During the 36-month follow-up period, the tumor showed no signs of recurrence or metastasis. The follow-up was concluded without further complications, indicating a favorable outcome.

Lessons:
Mature cystic teratoma is a common ovarian tumor, but its association with carcinoid tumors is very rare and prone to preoperative misdiagnosis. The imaging presentation of this case is characteristic and has significant diagnostic implications for this disease.
Autoimmune encephalitis with dizziness in children: A case report presented to the otolaryngology department
Authors: Li Guifang , Zhang Anqi , Lu Xinge , Liang Hua , Fang Jinglei , Wang Yabo , Zhang Yanzhuo 
Published: February 2025

Rationale:
Motion sickness is frequently encountered condition, characterized primarily by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and drowsiness. Autoimmune encephalitis refers to a group of diseases that can present with a variety of clinical symptoms according to the expressed autoantigen. One of the rare types is myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Herein, we report the case of a child who presented to our otolaryngology department with a diagnosis of motion sickness but was eventually diagnosed with MOGAD. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the literature.

Patient concerns:
An 11-year-old boy presented to a vertigo clinic with the primary complaints of dizziness, occasional nausea, and vomiting after traveling with his family for 3 days. He was diagnosed with motion sickness and was administered oral betastine mesylate tablets (6 mg, 3 times/d for 3 days). The dizziness resolved after 3 days of medication. However, 1 week later, the child developed symptoms of vision loss, poor mental performance, and sluggish responses.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with MOGAD.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with human immunoglobulin (2 g/kg, divided into 3 doses), mannitol, and a high dose of methylprednisolone succinate (20 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days). The dose of methylprednisolone succinate was then gradually tapered over 18 days.

Outcomes:
After 15 days of treatment, the child’s vision in the left eye improved, with visual acuity returned to 0.25. His sense of taste and pain in the left limb returned to normal, his mental responses were good, and no antinuclear antibodies were detectable.

Lessons:
Although most childhood episodes of dizziness are benign, it is important for clinicians to remain vigilant for the possibility of central nervous system disease as the underlying cause. When the diagnosis is uncertain, doctors and parents must closely monitor affected children to avoid misdiagnosis and treatment delays.
Castleman disease complicated by rheumatoid arthritis and postoperative chylous leakage: A case report
Authors: Liu Wei , Tao Zhuoyan , Liang Rong , Hu Xinpeng 
Published: February 2025

Rationale:
Castleman disease (CD) is a rare disorder characterized by nonspecific clinical presentations and imaging findings, making it prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. This report details the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with CD complicated by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed chylous leakage postoperatively, highlighting the potential risks of infection and nutritional depletion, aiming to enhance the understanding of CD.

Patient concerns:
A patient with CD complicated by RA developed chylous leakage postoperatively, which posed risks of infection and nutritional depletion.

Diagnoses:
The patient underwent a left axillary lymph node excisional biopsy on November 13, 2019, and was diagnosed with HV-CD based on pathology.

Interventions:
No further axillary lymph node dissection or adjuvant therapy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient developed significant chylous leakage from the biopsy incision, which resolved after 2 weeks of drainage, dietary modifications, and anti-infective treatment.

Outcomes:
Follow-up showed no disease progression, and the chylous leakage resolved with appropriate management.

Lessons:
A history of RA may be associated with the onset of CD. HV-CD generally has a favorable prognosis, and chylous leakage post-axillary lymph node biopsy, though rare, can be effectively managed with appropriate drainage, dietary control, and infection prevention.
Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Song Ga-Young , Jang Ho Cheol , Kim Mihee , Ahn Seo-Yeon , Jung Sung-Hoon , Ahn Jae-Sook , Lee Je-Jung , Kim Hyeoung-Joon , Moon Jang Bae , Yoo Su Woong , Kwon Seong-Young , Min Jung-Joon , Bom Hee-Seung , Kang Sae-Ryung , Yang Deok-Hwan 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of the Report
The usefulness of brain 18F-FDG PET/CT in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains underexplored. This study investigated whether early metabolic responses in interim brain FDG PET/CT serve as a prognostic indicator of PCNSL treatment outcomes.

Patients and Methods
This prospective study included 53 patients with PCNSL who underwent a high-dose methotrexate–based treatment. Brain FDG PET was performed at diagnosis (baseline PET) and after induction chemotherapy (interim PET), assessing interim PET parameters such as the highest maximum standardized uptake value (hSUVmax), sum of SUVmax (sumSUVmax), highest tumor-to-normal ratio (hTNRmax), sum of TNRmax (sumTNRmax), highest metabolic tumor volume (MTV) (hMTV), and sum of MTV (sumMTV) across all PET-positive lesions.

Results
High interim hTNRmax (hazards ratio: 9.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.90–50.11, P = 0.01) was an independently significant predictor of poor progression-free survival in multivariate analysis. Patients with low interim hTNRmax (≤1.0) had a significantly longer median progression-free survival than those with high interim hTNRmax (>1.0) (25.0 vs 3.6 months, P < 0.001). Incorporating interim MRI-based clinical response assessments and hTNRmax allowed the classification of partial response subgroups with markedly different prognoses (P < 0.001). High interim hTNRmax (hazards ratio: 2.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.39–5.48, P = 0.004) was an independently significant predictor of poor overall survival in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
The hTNRmax measurement from interim brain FDG PET scans emerges as an important prognostic marker in PCNSL. These findings underscore the potential of interim FDG PET evaluations to refine response assessments and inform tailored therapeutic strategies.
Data-centric Artificial Intelligence and Cancer Research: Construction of a Real-World Head and Neck Treatment Data Repository
Authors: Butterworth Victoria , Young Tom , Drake Haleema , Palmer Isabel , Avgoulea Tania , Ivy Eleanor , Andriolo Joshua , Creppy Carole , Routledge Corla , Adjogatse Delali , Kong Anthony , Petkar Imran , Reis Ferreira Miguel , Eaton David , Lei Mary , Misson Sarah , Vilic Dijana , Guerrero Urbano Teresa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe performance and generalisability of machine learning (ML) models relies on high-quality data. Retrospective and prospective collection of high-quality data for research use whilst respecting data protection and patient privacy remains a challenge in the clinical environment. Currently, months of laborious extraction and clinical annotation are often necessary before data analysis can begin. We present a novel institutional federated data lake, utilising open-source software, to facilitate efficient production of ML models from Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) imaging and Radiotherapy (RT) data. This structured pipeline dramatically reduces the time associated with the production of ML models and real-world evidence generation. This paper describes our governance-compliant processes and provides a framework for establishing similar databases.Materials and MethodsXNAT, is a powerful open-source imaging platform. Within our department, it forms a part of the local secure enclave for the purposes of federated learning in artificial intelligence projects and provides import, archiving, processing, search and secure distribution facilities for imaging and RT data.ResultsWe have created a clinically annotated, carefully curated, data lake of 2,895 consenting HNC patients containing 22,170 relevant diagnostic, staging, treatment and monitoring imaging sets. Key recommendations for replication include infrastructure planning, robust patient and data selection criteria and prioritising patient consent and privacy.ConclusionsThis secure and extensible imaging and HNC RT cancer database set-up promises to be an exceedingly useful tool for research, revolutionising the time and cost associated with the production of ML models, making the process safer, faster and more efficient.HighlightsReal-world data is critical for building predictive clinical models.Curation of clinical data for machine learning can necessitate months of laborious extraction and annotation.Patients have the right to have their data handled with the highest standards of respect, security and governance.We describe a database infrastructure constructed under a transparent and safe system of control and stewardship.This secure and extensible structured database dramatically reduces data extraction time for AI-driven cancer research.
Anex vivoandin vitroinvestigation of extracellular vesicle interactions with B cells ofMacaca nemestrinaand humans
Authors: Pachane Bianca C. , Rodriguez Blanca V. , Shirk Erin N. , Gololobova Olesia , Carlson Bess , Queen Suzanne E. , Erickson Loren D. , Selistre-de-Araujo Heloisa S. , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExtracellular vesicles may modify recipient cell behavior through multiple mechanisms, including interacting with the cell surface or internal membrane components and delivering luminal cargo to the cytoplasm. Here, we use a previously establishedex vivoapproach to investigate the cellular fate of EVs spiked into whole blood samples from nonhuman primate (NHP) and human donors and contrast these findings with results fromin vitroassays. We report that EVs are internalized by NHP and human B cells while also associating to some degree with other PBMCs. EVs exhibit greater association with B cells inex vivowhole blood compared to isolated B cells, suggesting that blood components may promote EV interactions or that cell isolation factors may inhibit this association. Cellular uptake of EVs involves clathrin-dependent endocytosis and may be aided by other pathways, including direct EV-cell membrane fusion. Overall, our data suggest that EV association, including uptake, by B cells occurs in at least two primate species. These findings highlight the potential to develop new strategies to either enhance or inhibit EV tropism toward B cells.Graphical Abstract
Modeling metabolic disease susceptibility and resilience in genetically diverse mice
Authors: Baker Candice N. , Harder Jeffrey M. , Skelly Daniel A. , Gerdes Gyuricza Isabella , Gaca Margaret , Vincent Matthew , Ingalls Allison , Keller Mark P. , Attie Alan D. , Braun Madeleine , Stitzel Michael , Liu Edison T. , Rosenthal Nadia , Churchill Gary A. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryModel organisms have provided critical insights into the basic biology of metabolic disorders, however, one of the greatest limitations to translation has been the absence of the genetic heterogeneity that is characteristic of human populations. We examined metabolic health across three genetically diverse mouse strains fed control (low fat, no sucrose) or unhealthy (high fat, high sucrose) diets and observed a wide range of metabolic responses from overt type 2 diabetes in NZO/HlLtJ mice, to obesity and glucose intolerance in C57BL/6J mice, to complete resilience in CAST/EiJ mice. Analysis of multi-tissue gene expression revealed strain- and tissue-specific responses to diet, with strongest responses in white adipose tissue and pancreatic islets. In pancreatic islets, diet response was limited to just NZO mice, which showed high levels of inflammation and associated β cell dysfunction. Adipose tissue was responsive to diet across all three strains and revealed both common and strain-specific changes in inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Using a complementary outbred mouse resource, we mapped genetic loci associated with strain-specific diet responses, including a monocyte regulatory locus on mChr19. This multi-strain approach to modeling metabolic disease revealed a prominent role of white adipose tissue and lipid-associated inflammation in the determination of individual disease risk in response to unhealthy diets.
Tissue- and temperature-dependent expression, enzyme activity, and RNAi knockdown ofCatalasein a freeze-tolerant insect
Authors: Rokosh Sarah E. , Adams Victoria E. , Walter Robyn , Kaiser Grace E. , Gough Amber L. , Toxopeus Jantina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOrganisms that overwinter in temperate climates may experience freezing and freezing-induced oxidative stress during winter. While many insect species can survive freezing, molecular tools such as RNA interference (RNAi) or CRISPR have not been used to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying freeze tolerance. The spring field cricketGryllus veletiscan survive freezing following a 6-week fall-like acclimation. We used RNAi of an antioxidant enzyme inG. veletisto test the hypothesis that minimizing oxidative stress is important for freeze tolerance. In fat body tissue,CatalasemRNA abundance and enzyme activity increased during the acclimation that induces freeze tolerance. Other tissues such as midgut and Malpighian tubules had more stable or lowerCatalaseexpression and activity during acclimation. In unacclimated (freeze-intolerant) crickets, RNA interference (RNAi) effectively knocked down production of theCatalasemRNA and protein in fat body and midgut, but not Malpighian tubules. In acclimated (freeze-tolerant) crickets, RNAi efficacy was temperature-dependent, functioning well at warm (c. 22°C) but not cool (15°C or lower) temperatures. This highlights a challenge of using RNAi in cold-acclimated organisms, as they may need to be warmed up for RNAi to work, potentially affecting their stress physiology. Knockdown ofCatalasevia RNAi in acclimated crickets also had no effect on the ability of the crickets to survive a mild freeze treatment, suggesting that Catalase may not be necessary for freeze tolerance. Our study is the first to demonstrate that RNAi is possible in a freeze-tolerant insect, but further research is needed to examine whether other genes and antioxidant molecules are important in freeze tolerance ofG. veletis.HighlightsCatalaseexpression and activity are elevated in freeze-tolerant cricket fat bodyRNAi knocks downCatalasein fat body and midgut at a warm temperature (22°C)RNAi is not effective at a cool temperature (15°C) that preserves freeze toleranceCatalaseknockdown has no impact on survival of a mild freeze treatmentThe role of antioxidants in freeze tolerance warrants further studyGraphical abstract