bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivars of biofortified cowpea and sweet potato: Bioavailability of iron and interaction with vitamin A in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Corrêa Sarah Ramos , Brigide Priscila , Vaz‐Tostes Maria das Graças , Costa Neuza Maria Brunoro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of pro‐vitamin A‐rich sweet potato on iron bioavailability of biofortified cowpeas, using in vitro Caco‐2 cells and in vivo depletion–repletion rat model. Mixtures of conventional rice with cultivars of iron‐biofortified (Aracê, Xiquexique, and Tumucumaque) or conventional (Guariba) cowpeas with or without sweet potato biofortified with pro‐vitamin A carotenoids were evaluated. The ratio of ferritin/total protein in Caco‐2 cells was used as the index of cellular Fe uptake in the in vitro assay. The animal study evaluated the hemoglobin gain, the relative biological value, and the gene expression of transferrin and ferritin proteins by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the in vitro study, Xiquexique cowpea presented higher bioavailability of iron in the absence of sweet potato, and no difference was observed between the other cultivars of cowpea with and without sweet potato. The in vivo bioavailability (relative biological value of hemoglobin regeneration efficiency) differed statistically only between Guariba groups added to sweet potato and Tumucumaque. Ferritin mRNA expression did not differ between the test and control (ferrous sulfate) groups. Regarding the transferrin mRNA expression, there was a difference between the test and control groups except for the Xiquexique group. The association of rice and beans with sweet potato rich in carotenoids favored the gene expression of proteins involved in the iron metabolism, as well as its bioavailability, corroborating beneficial effects of this mixture. Xiquexique cowpea was shown to be the most promising compared to the other cultivars, exhibiting higher iron content in the digestible fraction, better in vitro bioavailability of iron, and transferrin gene expression.Practical ApplicationData from the study indicated greater in vitro bioavailability of iron for Xiquexique cowpea and sweet potato mixtures, in addition to the greater regeneration efficiency of hemoglobin in vivo as the bioavailability of iron among biofortified beans, highlighting the promising benefits of biofortification.
A lack of role for antibodies in regulating Helicobacter pylori colonization and associated gastritis
Authors: Arshad Umar , Sarkar Sohinee , Alipour Talesh Ghazal , Sutton Philip 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori occupy a unique niche, located within the mucus layer lining the stomach, and attached to the apical surface of the gastric epithelium. As such, antibodies would be expected to play a major role in regulating infection and/or pathogenesis. However, experiments using antibody‐deficient mice to study gastric helicobacter infection have yielded inconsistent results, although some pointed toward antibodies increasing colonization levels and decreasing gastritis severity. The variability in these studies is possibly due to their use of nonmatched wild‐type controls. This current study presents the first evaluation of the role of antibodies in H pylori infection by comparing antibody‐deficient mice with matched wild‐type siblings.MethodsMatched wild‐type and antibody‐deficient μMT mice were generated by heterozygous crossings. In two separate experiments, appropriately genotyped sibling littermates were infected with H pylori for 4 months and then sera and stomachs were collected.ResultsThere was no difference in H pylori colonization levels between infected μMT mice and sibling wild‐type controls. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the severity of gastritis between these groups of mice, although there was a trend toward less severe gastritis in μMT mice which was supported by a significantly lower IFNγ (Th1) gastric cytokine response.ConclusionsComparing matched antibody‐deficient and antibody‐competent mice indicates that an antibody response does not influence H pylori colonization levels. Contrary to previous studies, these results suggest antibodies might have a minor pro‐inflammatory effect by promoting gastric Th1 cytokines, although this did not translate to a significant effect on gastritis severity.
Learning Orthographic Cognates and Non‐Cognates in the Classroom: Does Awareness of Cross‐Linguistic Similarity Matter?
Authors: Otwinowska Agnieszka , Foryś‐Nogala Małgorzata , Kobosko Weronika , Szewczyk Jakub 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome second language (L2) acquisition researchers have suggested that learners should be made aware of cross‐linguistic similarity for them to benefit from cognateness. To test this assumption, we ran two longitudinal classroom quasi‐experiments with Polish learners of English. We chose 30 Polish‐English cognates, 30 false cognates, and 30 non‐cognates matched on L2 frequency and concreteness and embedded them in exercises typical of English language teaching textbooks. Participants learned the words with their teachers in their classes at school. We manipulated the experimental group's awareness of orthographic cross‐linguistic similarity in awareness‐raising workshops. The results revealed that the participants had a higher chance of knowing cognates than other word types before the study. However, they acquired cognates embedded in exercises at the same rate as other word types. Also, the awareness‐raising manipulation, regardless of its intensity, had no additional effect on their acquisition of cognates and false cognates, indicating that awareness of cognateness did not boost learning cognates.
Participatory Research and Design in the Portal to Peru
Authors: Underberg‐Goode Natalie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article explores the potentials and challenges of employing digital and interactive media as part of the research–design process. The Portal to Peru project features an online exhibition of Andean textiles, focusing on the work of the Center for Traditional Textiles of Cusco, Peru. The website shares the rich weaving traditions of the Andes with a broad public, including Andean studies scholars and Peruvians who live in Peru and the United States. The research and content for the website draw on key Andean textile studies texts, combined with interviews with weavers and others associated with the Center for Traditional Textiles and a portion of the extensive photographic archives of the Center for Traditional Textiles itself. This article examines this digital design project from the perspective of participatory research, participatory design, and design ethnography, seeking to identify insights about how ethnographers and others can present cultural heritage online in a way that attends to the dual nature of intangible heritage as artifact and process.
Is Vulnerability an Outdated Concept? After Subjects and Spaces
Authors: Marino Elizabeth K. , Faas A.J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTheories of vulnerability have constituted the conceptual core of the anthropology of disaster for roughly 40 years. Yet, there is an undercurrent of disquiet among disaster scholars and community leaders who worry that vernacular uses of vulnerability can be insulting to individuals and communities with whom we work, and/or with whom we identify. There is a growing discomfort that categorizing the “vulnerable” acts to discursively nullify the everywhere‐visible “resilience,” toughness, and genius that exist in communities that are habitually exposed to risk and hazards. We argue that constructing vulnerability as a characteristic of subaltern peoples and marginalized places is truncated at best and can perpetuate violence—epistemic, semiotic, and material—at worst. To identify the “vulnerable” is, we contend, necessarily a process of otherizing and essentializing. We see and are concerned to further encourage an emergent form of disaster anthropology that is particularly oriented toward understanding and theorizing the institutions, systems, and individuals that structure risk, and in the process to focus attention away from “the vulnerable.” To our surprise, this has emerged in recent anthropological writings in very particular ways. We find the orientation away from vulnerable populations among our colleagues who write at the intersections of disaster institutions and local communities. Here, we recognize vulnerability conceived not merely as historical inequity that produces negative outcomes, but as nested and contested sites of struggle for different visions of utopian futures, for contrasting articulations of what constitutes risk, and for diverse cultural logics of the good.
Who Should Pay for Interdependent Risk? Policy Implications for Security Interdependence Among Airports
Authors: Kuper Gabriel , Massacci Fabio , Shim Woohyun , Williams Julian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study interdependent risks in security, and shed light on the economic and policy implications of increasing security interdependence in presence of reactive attackers. We investigate the impact of potential public policy arrangements on the security of a group of interdependent organizations, namely, airports. Focusing on security expenditures and costs to society, as assessed by a social planner, to individual airports and to attackers, we first develop a game‐theoretic framework, and derive explicit Nash equilibrium and socially optimal solutions in the airports network. We then conduct numerical experiments mirroring real‐world cyber scenarios, to assess how a change in interdependence impact the airports' security expenditures, the overall expected costs to society, and the fairness of security financing. Our study provides insights on the economic and policy implications for the United States, Europe, and Asia.
Structured Penalized Regression for Drug Sensitivity Prediction
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Zucknick Manuela 
Published: February 2020

SummaryLarge-scale in vitro drug sensitivity screens are an important tool in personalized oncology to predict the effectiveness of potential cancer drugs. The prediction of the sensitivity of cancer cell lines to a panel of drugs is a multivariate regression problem with high dimensional heterogeneous multiomics data as input data and with potentially strong correlations between the outcome variables which represent the sensitivity to the different drugs. We propose a joint penalized regression approach with structured penalty terms which enable us to utilize the correlation structure between drugs with group-lasso-type penalties and at the same time address the heterogeneity between ‘omics’ data sources by introducing data-source-specific penalty factors to penalize different data sources differently. By combining integrative penalty factors (IPFs) with the tree-guided group lasso, we create a method called ‘IPF-tree-lasso’. We present a unified framework to transform more general IPF-type methods to the original penalized method. Because the structured penalty terms have multiple parameters, we demonstrate how the interval search ‘Efficient parameter selection via global optimization’ algorithm can be used to optimize multiple penalty parameters efficiently. Simulation studies show that IPF-tree-lasso can improve the prediction performance compared with other lasso-type methods, in particular for heterogeneous sources of data. Finally, we employ the new methods to analyse data from the ‘Genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer’ project.
A rewinding model for replicons with DNA-links
Authors: Mohamad Abdul Adheem , Yashiro Tsukasa 
Published: February 2020

A double strand DNA has a double helical structure and it is modeled by a thin long twisted ribbon fixed at the both ends. A DNA-linkВ is a topological model of such a DNA segment in the nuclear of a eukaryotic cell. In the cell cycle, the DNA is replicated and distributedВ into new cells. The complicated replication process follows the semi-conservative scheme in which each backbone string is preserved in theВ replicated DNA. This is interpreted in terms of splitting process ofВ the DNA-link. In order to split the DNA-link, unknotting operationsВ are required. This paper presents a recursive unknotting operations,В which efficiently reduce the number of twistings.
The multilayer structure of protons
Authors: Dremin I. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is argued that the dynamics of the elastic scattering of high-energy protons at intermediate transferred momenta changes with the energy increase. It evolves from the multiple scattering at the external layer for energies about 10 GeV to the double scattering at the two subsequent layers within the colliding protons for energies about 10 TeV. The active role of the overlap function in the unitarity condition is emphasized in this context.
Ciência a preço de garrafada: a transnacionalização de fármacos no pós-segunda guerra (1945-1961)
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel Kenzo 
Published: February 2020

Com o término da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a ciência farmacológica atinge um novo patamar, em decorrência da produção de antibióticos e do desenvolvimento de estruturas de produção de medicamentos em larga escala. Este período inicia um novo modus operandi para o setor farmacêutico, agora, verticalizado e setorizado. Esse modelo vigora até os dias atuais, em proporções claramente mais avultantes. Ao analisar como este processo teve início nos EUA, e posteriormente se expandiu para o Brasil, busca-se compreender a formação inicial do modelo industrial farmacêutico, que teve no setor de pesquisa e desenvolvimento uma de suas molas propulsoras. Assim, a relação entre desenvolvimento científico, eficiência industrial, transnacionalização e política econômica é o fio condutor da análise.
Results of Functional Treatment of Epi-Metaphyseal Fractures of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal
Authors: Baumbach Sebastian F. , Urresti-Gundlach Marcel , Böcker Wolfgang , Vosseller J. Turner , Polzer Hans 
Published: February 2020

Background: Fractures of the fifth metatarsal base (5th MT) are common foot injuries, but their treatment remains a subject of debate. The aim was to assess the midterm outcome of functionally treated epi-metaphyseal fractures (Lawrence and Botte types I and II) of the 5th MT. Methods: This study was a longitudinal retrospective database study with prospective follow-up. Included were all patients with an acute, isolated fracture to the 5th MT base (types I and II). All patients were treated functionally: weightbearing as tolerated without immobilization. Fracture types and fracture characteristics (displacement <2 mm/>2 mm, articular involvement, number of fragments) were assessed retrospectively. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the visual analog scale for foot and ankle (VAS FA) and the quality-of-life score (QoL) SF-12 were collected prospectively at 2- and 5-year follow-up. Out of 95 patients, 43 patients (45%) were included with a median follow-up of 5.7 (1.5) years. Results: For both the VAS FA and SF-12, excellent scores were observed. For 30 patients (77%), longitudinal 2- and 5-year follow-up was available. No significant longitudinal changes could be observed for the VAS FA and SF-12. For both time points, neither fracture type nor characteristics significantly influenced any outcome parameter assessed. Conclusion: Functional treatment by full weightbearing and free range of motion led to excellent 5-year results for both type I and II fractures. Neither fracture location nor characteristics had a significant influence on the 5-year PROMs. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
The effect of multiple doses of ubrogepant on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive in healthy women: Results of an open-label, single-center, two-period, fixed-sequence study
Authors: Li Chi-Chung , Palcza John , Xu Jialin , Thornton Bob , Ankrom Wendy , Jakate Abhijeet , Marcantonio Eugene E 
Published: February 2020

Background: Ubrogepant is a novel, oral calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist for acute treatment of migraine. This study evaluated potential drug–drug interactions between ubrogepant and an oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol (EE) and norgestimate (NGM). Methods: This open-label, single-center, two-period, fixed-sequence study enrolled healthy, postmenopausal or oophorectomized, adult women. In period 1, participants received a single oral dose of EE 0.035 mg/NGM 0.25 mg (EE-NGM) followed by a 7-day washout. In period 2, participants received oral ubrogepant 50 mg daily on days 1–14; single-dose EE-NGM was coadministered with ubrogepant on day 10. Pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma EE and norelgestromin (NGMN) were compared with and without ubrogepant. Results: Twenty-two participants aged 46–66 years were enrolled; 21 completed the study. Geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals for the comparison of EE-NGM + ubrogepant to EE-NGM alone were contained within 0.80 and 1.25 for area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞; 0.96 [0.91, 1.01]) and C max (0.91 [0.82, 1.004]) of NGMN and AUC0–∞ (0.97 [0.93, 1.01]) of EE, but not C max of EE (0.74 [0.69, 0.79]). Median t max of EE was delayed following EE-NGM + ubrogepant (3.0 h) versus EE-NGM alone (median of 1.5 h), whereas median t max of NGMN was unchanged (1.5 h). Geometric mean apparent terminal half-life ( t ½) was similar with and without ubrogepant for EE (23 vs. 21 h) and NGMN (36 h both conditions). All ubrogepant-related adverse events were mild or moderate. Conclusion: Ubrogepant did not demonstrate potential for clinically meaningful drug–drug interactions with an EE-NGM oral contraceptive. Trial registration: Not applicable (phase 1 trial)
Features of the personal and professional formation of civil personal in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and ways of its optimization
Authors: Kozhanov Erzhanat 
Published: February 2020

The relevance of the examination is due to the fact that the study of the characteristics of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of the internal affairs of the Russian Federation will solve a number of urgent questions about the methods and possibilities for optimizing professional and personal development, about the psychological mechanisms for increasing labor efficiency. The object of research is the process of personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the psychological mechanisms, factors, determinants of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and the possibilities of its optimization.
Research methods: analysis and systematization of scientific and psychological literature on the research topic; general scientific methods of cognition (theoretical analysis, generalization, synthesis); questioning of civil servants of the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation; statistical methods for processing the obtained data. The respondents were 120 persons, state civil employees (40 persons) and employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Altai Republic (40 persons), as well as students of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, who were heads of ATS units from various regions of the Russian Federation (40 persons. )
The scientific novelty of the study consists in expanding, supplementing and refining scientific views on the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation and the possibilities for optimizing this process. The practical significance of the results consists in substantiating, firstly, the characteristics of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation; secondly, the main directions of optimizing the personal and professional formation of civil servants in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.
Austriackie katastry gruntowe w zasobach Centralnego Historycznego Archiwum Państwowego Ukrainy we Lwowie
Authors: Nowak Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Austrian Land Cadasters in the Possession of Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lvov
The paper outlines the most important sources for economic history of Galicia (Austrian Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria) that are kept in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lvov. The sources comprise tax fassus (statements) of 1772 and Galician cadasters, that is Josephin Metrics, made in 1795-89, and Franciscan Metrics, started in 1819-20, as well as Fixed Galician Cadaster, compiled in mid-19th century. The paper describes the place of storage of the documents in the Lvov Archives, their contests, and the ways they can be utilized. In addition, changes in administrative division of Galicia have been delineated to facilitate the search of the archive.
Biblioteki i księgozbiory prywatne w Mielcu doby zaborów
Authors: Haptaś Krzysztof 
Published: February 2020

Libraries and Private Book Collections in the Town of Mielec at the Time of the Partition of Poland: An Outline
Libraries and private book collections in Mielec at the time of the partition of Poland have not been sufficiently traced and researched so far. The best known are the library of the Mielec secondary school (gimnazjum) and the private collection of the Count Oborski family. General remarks, in the scope of a few sentences at best, pertain to other school libraries and private collections. Numerous collections, some that are known by the name, such as the library of the Trinitarian convent, and some that we are not aware of, still await researchers. Currently, all old books (published before 1945) that are kept in the town of Mielec need to be cataloged in order to start the actual efforts to chart the history of the local libraries and private book collections.
Kolekcja Heleny Dąbczańskiej (1863-1956) w Archiwum Państwowym w Przemyślu
Authors: Grin-Piszczek Ewa 
Published: February 2020

The Collection of Helena Dąbczańska (1863-1956) in the State Archives in Przemyśl
The State Archives in Przemyśl is in possession of the Collection of Helena Dąbczańska (1863-1956), well-known connoisseur from Lvov who collected books and artifacts. Dąbczańska gave a part of her collection to the Society of Friends of Sciences (Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk) in Przemyśl. After the dissolution of the Society in 1952 a fragment of this donation went to the state archives. The Collection of Helena Dąbczańska comprises mainly ephemera and excerpts from periodicals as well as manuscripts—all dating from 1750-1899. The paper presents the origins and contents of the collection as well as an outline of its development.