bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studi eksperimental karakteristik semprotan air pada airblast atomizer
Authors: Swastika I Dewa Gede Putra 
Published: June 2020

Pengujian eksperimental telah dilakukan untuk mengamati karaktristik semprotan air pada airblast atomizer. Atomiser yang diuji merupakan nosel yang digunakan untuk keperluan pembakaran (burner). Untuk atomiser tipe ini cairan dan udara bercampur di dalam nosel sebelum disemprotkan ke lingkungan (ambient air). Air yang digunakan dalam pengujian mewakili bahan bakar pada burner yang sebenarnya, disuplai menggunakan pompa sedangkan udara disuplai menggunakan kompresor. Pengujian dilakukan dengan beberapa variabel, yaitu rasio udara dan air, tekanan injeksi air, dan pengujian pemanasan awal air sebelum bercampur dan disemprotkan ke lingkungan. Pengujian ini merekam gambar evolusi semprotan menggunakan kamera berkecepatan tinggi pada 1000 fps dengan durasi 2 detik dan ukuran gambar 1244x240 pixels. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel pengujian mempengaruhi karakteristik atomisasi yang terjadi (dimensi spray dan tingkat penguapan). Hasil pengujian juga dijelaskan dalam analisis gambar evolusi semprotan mulai dari kemunculan awal di ujung nosel sampai terbentuk spray yang stabil. Analisis gambar evolusi spray menunjukkan bahwa rasio udara-air yang tinggi menghasilkan sudut semprotan yang kecil, atomisasi yang lebih cepat, dan ukuran droplet yang lebih kecil.
Experimental testing has been carried out to observe the characteristics of water spray on the airblast atomizer. The atomiser tested is a nozzle used for burners. For this type of atomiser the liquid and air mix in the nozzle before being sprayed into the environment (ambient air). The water used in the test represents the fuel in the actual burner, it is supplied using a pump while the air is supplied using a compressor. The test is carried out with several variables, namely the ratio of air and water, water injection pressure, and preheating water test before mixing and spraying into the environment. This test records the evolution of the spray using a high-speed camera at 1000 fps with a duration of 2 seconds and images size of 1244x240 pixels. The test results show that the test variables affect the characteristics of the atomisation (spray dimensions and evaporation rate). The test results are also explained in the analysis of spray evolution images starting from the initial appearance at the tip of the nozzle to forming a stable spray. Analysis of spray evolution images shows that high air-water ratios produce smaller spray angles, faster atomization, and smaller droplet sizes.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Bahan dengan Pelarut dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Ekstrak Kulit Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan
Authors: Widhiana Putra I Kadek , Ganda Putra G.P , Wrasiati Luh Putu 
Published: June 2020

The cocoa beans husk contains a polyphenol compound with total phenolic compounds 5.78 percent. Waste cacao beans husk can be used more optimally by extracting, its countent of polyphenol compounds which can be used as natural antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of the comparison of ratio between material and solvent and maceration time on the extract of cocoa beans husk powder as a source of antioxidants and to determine the best type of ratio between material and solvent and maceration time to produce extracts of cocoa bean powder as a source of antioxidants. This experiment was disegred by using factorial randomized block design. The first factor is a ratio between material and solvent consisting of 3 levels, namely 1:10, 1:15, 1:20. The second factor is maceration time for 24, 36 and 48 hours. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that the comparison of ratio between material and solvent and maceration time had a very significant effect on yield, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity of cocoa beans husk extract. Interactions between treatments had a very significant effect on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but did not significantly affect the yield of cocoa pod husk extract. The yield of the best cocoa beans husk powder extract was using ratio between material and solvent 1:20 and 48 hours of maceration with a yield of 14.49±0.19 percent. The best total phenolic and antioxidant capacity results were using ratio between material and solvent 1:15 and 48 hours with a total phenolic yield of 85.50±1.74 mg GAE/g and antioxidant capacity 55.18±0.22 mg GAEAC/g.
Keywords : cocoa bens husk, extraction, solvent, antioxidants.
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel dan Lama Ekstraksi terhadap Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Alami Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius R.)
Authors: Sayoga Made Hary , Wartini Ni Made , Suhendra Lutfi 
Published: June 2020

Fragrant pandan leaves can be used as a natural coloring because they contain chlorophyll obtained through the extraction process. The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of particle size and extraction time on the characteristics of natural pandanus fragrance leaf extract and determine the best treatment of particle size and extraction time to produce natural pandanus leaf extract dye. This study used a 2 factorial factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the particle size which consists of 3 levels, namely 40, 60, 80 mesh. The second factor is the extraction time which consists of 3 levels, namely 24, 36, and 48 hours. The results showed that the treatment of particle size and extraction time affected the yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, brightness (L *), redness (a *) and yellowish level (b *). The treatment of 60 mesh particle size and 36 hour extraction time are the best treatment to produce natural pandanus fragrance extract coloring with yield characteristics of 8.81% chlorophyll a level of 23.66%, chlorophyll b level of 3.92%, total chlorophyll content of 27.57%, the brightness level (L *) 21.06, the redness level (a *) 4.92, the yellowish level (b *) 6.21.
Keywords: Pandanus amaryllifolius R., chlorophyll, color, extraction
Karakteristik Ekstrak Kulit Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan pada Perlakuan Ukuran Partikel dan Waktu Maserasi
Authors: Rahmadhani Reren , Ganda Putra G.P. , Suhendra Lutfi 
Published: June 2020

Cocoa beans husk is the highest waste of the cocoa fruit processing and has not been used optimally. The waste of cocoa beans husk contain polyphenol that can be used for antioxidants. Polyphenol on beans husk of cocoa can be extract using extraction method. This study aims were to determine the effect of the macerations and particle size on the extract beans husk of cocoa as a source of antioxidants and to determine the best of solvent concentration and particle size to produce extract of beans husk of cocoa a source of antioxidant. The study was the experimental research which designed by using randomized block desin (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was particle size that that consists of 40, 60 and 80 mesh. The second factor was maceration time, wich were done for 24, 36 and 48 hours. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that maceration time and particle size had a very significant effect on yield, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity on the extract of beans husk of cocoa. Interactions between treatments had a very signifiacant effect on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but significantly effect the yield on the extract of beans husk of cocoa. 80 mesh of particle size and 48 hours maceration time was thebest treatment for extracting beans husk of cocoa as a source of antioxidants with characteristic 14.28±0.7 percent of yields, 92.2±1.66 mg GAE/g of total phenolics, and 57.71±0.27 mg GAEAC/g of antioxidant capacity.
Keywords : cocoa beans husk, extraction, particle size, antioxidants.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Penghasil Etanol dari Lingkungan Industri Arak Bali di Desa Merita dan Tri Eka Buana, Karangasem-Bali
Authors: Hakim Azis Akbar , Wijaya I M. Mahaputra , Gunam Ida Bagus Wayan 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research is isolation and characterization to find potential bacteria which can produce the most optimal ethanol from the Arak Bali industry in Karangasem Regency, Bali. Bacteria were isolated by exposure method in open air using selective media Zymomonas Sucrose Medium (ZSMA) with the addition of nystatin as much as 0.18 g / L as an antifungal then samples were taken at three different points in one Arak Bali production location, namely the distillation place, the fermentation room for roomie, and the place of taking coconut juice under the coconut tree and the variation of time is 15, 30, and 60 minutes of exposure. Gas checking is done on the bacteria obtained to select its ability to produce ethanol. The results of the scanning of 11 best isolates using UV-visible spectrophotometry were fermented on 500 mL ZSM media for 10 days. BM1-CP14 is the best isolate to produce total ethanol of 15.33 mL through the fermentation process. The results of the characterization of BM1-CP14 isolates were Gram-positive bacteria in the form of bacilli, anaerobic and non-motile bacteria. The results showed that bacteria isolated from open-air also can produce ethanol.
Keyword: ethanol, Arak Bali, airborne bacterial exposure, isolation, characterization, UV-Visible spectrophotometry
Distribusi dan Perbaikan Pasca Panen Bunga Potong Sedap Malam (Polianthes tuberosa) dari Petani Desa Tunjuk, Tabanan ke Denpasar
Authors: Putri Ni Wayan Cindy Pramesti Angia , Admadi H Bambang , Sadyasmara Cokorda Anom Bayu 
Published: June 2020

The aims of this study were 1) to find out the type and distribution path of tuberose cut flowers from farmers in Tunjuk Village to retailers in Denpasar, 2) to analyze the system and the impact of postharvest handling to tuberose cut flowers on each distribution path, 3) to find out the impact of postharvest improvements, by conducting an experiment which soaking the tuberose cut flower in holding solution. The snowball sampling method was used to find out the types and distribution paths of tuberose cut flowers, while to analyze the system and the impact of improvements on each distribution line the Commodity System Assessment Method (CSAM) was used through survey and interview directly to stakeholders. The holding solution used for soaking treatment is sucrose, silver nitrate and citric acid.The results showed that there were only two distribution path, namely line I (Farmer – Wholesaler – Retailer - Consumer) and line II (Farmer – Retailer - Consumer). Postharvest handling along distribution lines includes harvest, sorting, binding, wrapping, soaking, storage, packaging, distribution and display. The impact of handling on postharvest losses at the sorting stage at the farm level is 2% (insignificant), the level of wholesalers at 3% (insignificant), and at the retail level of 6% (significant). Soaking treatment in holding solution can prolong the freshness of flowers. Tuberose cut flowers can last 3.98 days when soaked using water and can last up to 6.85 days when soaked in sucrose, silver nitrate, and citric acid solutions.
Keywords: tuberose flower, sucrose, silver nitrate, citric acid, CSAM
Granitoids and greenstones of the White Mfolozi Inlier, south-east Kaapvaal Craton
Authors: Hofmann A. , Xie H. , Saha L. , Reinke C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A Palaeoarchaean greenstone fragment and associated granitoid gneisses from an area south of Ulundi in KwaZulu-Natal is described. The fragment consists of an association of garnetiferous amphibolite and calc-silicate that was intruded at 3388 ± 4 Ma by tonalite and at 3275 ± 4 Ma by trondhjemite. Strong ductile deformation of the greenstones and granitoids under amphibolite facies conditions (7 kbar and 600 to 650°C) took place prior to uplift and emplacement of a granite batholith at ~3.25 Ga ago in which the granitoid gneiss-greenstone domain is now found. Magmatism 3.27 to 3.25 Ga ago was a direct response to regional metamorphism and anataxis, and gave rise to stabilization of the southeastern Kaapvaal Craton at that time, earlier than other parts of the craton. Deposition of quartz-arenites on stable granitic basement took place &lt;3.1 Ga ago. Contrasting ages in magmatic pulses and regional metamorphism reflect a different crustal growth history of the eastern and southeastern part of the Kaapvaal Craton.
Unique Bone Suture Anchor Repair of Complex Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulas
Authors: Agulnick Marc , Cohen Benjamin R. , Epstein Nancy E. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Spine surgeons encounter occasional complex cerebrospinal fluid fistulas/dural tears (CSF/DT) during lumbar spinal surgery. In some cases, these leaks are found during the index procedure, but others may appear postoperatively, or in the course of successive procedures. Here we asked, whether these complex CSF fistulas/DT could be more readily repaired utilizing a “bone suture anchor” technique, particularly where there is no residual dural margin/remnant.

Methods:
With the combined expertise of the orthopedist and neurosurgeon, mini/micro bone suture anchors, largely developed for hand surgery, facilitated repair of complex DT occurring during lumbar spine surgery. This technique was utilized to suture in place fascia, periosteal, or muscle grafts, and was followed by the application of microfibrillar collagen, and a fibrin sealant.

Results:
This mini/micro suture anchor technique has now been utilized to repair multiple significant intraoperative and/or postoperative recurrent DT, largely avoiding the need to place lumbar drains and/or lumbo- peritoneal shunts.

Conclusions:
Here, we reviewed how to directly suture dural grafts utilizing a mini/micro bone suture anchor technique to repair complex intraoperative primary/recurrent DT occurring during lumbar spine surgery. The major advantages of this technique, in addition to obtaining definitive occlusion of the DT, largely avoids the need to place lumbar drains and/or lumbo-peritoneal shunts with their attendant risks and complications.
Intramedullary craniovertebral junction metastasis leading to the diagnosis of underlying renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ponzo Giancarlo , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Giuffrida Massimiliano , Furnari Massimo , Nicoletti Giovanni Federico , Scalia Gianluca 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Intramedullary spinal cord metastases represent 4–8.5% of the central nervous system metastases and affect only 0.1–0.4% of all patients. Those originating from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are extremely rare. Of the eight patients described in the literature with metastatic RCC and intramedullary cord lesion, only five were found in the cervical spine. Here, the authors add a 6th case involving an RCC intramedullary metastasis at the C1–C2 level.

Case Description:
A 78-year-old male patient presented with intermittent cervicalgia of 5 months duration accompanied by few weeks of a progressive severe right hemiparesis, up to hemiplegia. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed an intramedullary expansive lesion measuring 10 mm×15 mm at the C1–C2 level; it readily enhanced with contrast. A total body computed tomography (CT) scan documented an 85 mm mass involving the right kidney, extending to the ipsilateral adrenal gland, and posteriorly infiltrating the ipsilateral psoas muscle. The subsequent CT-guided fine-needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of an RCC (Stage IV). The patient next underwent total surgical total removal of the C1–C2 intramedullary mass, following which he exhibited a slight motor improvement, with the right hemiparesis (2/5). He died after 14 months due to global RCC tumor progression.

Conclusion:
The present case highlights that a patient without a prior known diagnosis of RCC may present with an intramedullary C1–C2 metastasis. In such cases, global staging is critical to determine whether primary lesion resection versus excision of metastases (e.g., in this case, the C1–C2 intramedullary tumor) are warranted.
Tendencias, patrón de consumo y perfil sociodemográfico de usuarios de heroína en tratamiento
Authors: Rodríguez-Kuri Solveig E , Gutiérrez-López Alma Delia , Rios-Salinas Marco Antonio , Fernández-Cáceres Carmen 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: opioids are the substance responsible for the highest number of deaths from drug use worldwide. According to the Survey on Drug, Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Mexico, 0.2% of the population (just over 145,000 people) have used heroin once in their lives.

Objective: to analyze the trends in heroin use, including the estimation of the average annual growth rate, in patients treated at CIJ between 2013 and 2019 and to explore and compare their sociodemographic profile and pattern of use with that of users of other illicit drugs.

Method: a study based on the analysis of trends and the estimation of the average annual growth rate from databases of a census registry of patients, as well as on comparative analysis, based on bivariate tests of two groups of drug users.

Results: the proportion of heroin-consuming patients showed a gradual increase until the middle of the period 2013-2019, reaching its highest prevalence in 2016, to start falling from there, especially among men. The sociodemographic profile of heroin users shows a greater physical and psychosocial impact compared to those of other substances.

Conclusions: there is a decrease in the demand for treatment, at least in CIJ, consistent with the prevalence observed in the general population, highlighting that this decrease does not occur among women, especially among younger women, even an increase in consumption is observed.
Effect of Maximum Aggregate Size on the Strength of Normal and High Strength Concrete
Authors: Mohammed Gaith Abdulhamza , Al-Mashhadi Samer Abdul Amir 
Published: June 2020

Aggregates form 60% to 75% of concrete volume and thus influence its mechanical properties. The strength of (normal or high-strength) concrete is affected by the maximum size of a well-graded coarse aggregate. Concrete mixes containing larger coarse aggregate particles need less mixing water than those containing smaller coarse aggregates, In other words, small aggregate particles have more surface area than a large aggregate particle. In this research, about twenty-two mixtures were covered to study the effect of the MSCA, on compressive strength of (normal strength concrete) and Sixteen mixtures to study the effect of the maximum size of coarse aggregate on compressive strength for (high strength concrete). The concrete mixture is completely redesigned according to the maximum size of coarse aggregate needs and maintaining uniform workability for all sizes of coarse aggregate. The American design method was adopted ACI 211.1, for normal concrete. ACI 211-4R, the design method was adopted for high strength concrete. And use the MSCA with dimensions (9.5, 12.5, 19, 25, 37.5, and 50) mm for normal strength concrete and the MSCA (9.5, 12.5, 19, and 25) mm for high strength concrete. The slump was fixed (75-100) mm for normal strength concrete. Slump is fixed to (25-50) mm for high strength concrete before added Superplasticizer high range water reducer (HRWR). With Fineness Modulus (F.M) fixed to 2.8 for both normal concrete and high-strength concrete. According to the results of the tests, the compressive strength increases with the increase in the MSCA, of the normal concrete and also high – strength concrete. And the effect of the MSCA, on the compressive strength of normal concrete, is higher than that of high-strength concrete.
SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE AND PURPOSE IN LIFE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: T. Swarupa Rani , Padmavathi A. Siva 
Published: June 2020

All around development means a person must be physically fit, mentally balanced, emotionally strong, socially adjusted and spiritually uplifted. The spiritual intelligence solves problems of meaning and value. It gives direction to our life in critical moment. Meaning/Purpose in life must be conceived in terms of the specific meaning of a personal life in a given situation. The study is design to examine the influence of the spiritual intelligence on purpose in life of secondary school teachers. The method used for the study is survey method. The sample of the study is 200 secondary school teachers. Two types of tools are used for this study. 1. The spiritual intelligence questionnaire constructed by Danah Zohar and Marshall (1999), it is a 5-point scale and 2. The purpose in life test prepared by Crumbaugh and Maholick (1969) is selected as an instrument to measure Viktor Frankl’s concept in meaning in life. It is a 5 point Likert scale. Both the tools are used to collect the data from secondary school teachers.
The results of this study indicated that there is no significant difference is found in spiritual intelligence of secondary school teachers with below 10years, 10-20 years and 20 and above year’s groups. No significant difference is found in purpose in life of secondary school teachers in their teaching experience with below 10years, 10-20 years and 20 and above year’s groups. The variable teaching experience does not influence significantly the spiritual intelligence and purpose in life of secondary school teachers. The study showed that there is no significant association between the levels of spiritual intelligence of secondary school teachers and their purpose in life. Findings of this study shows that all secondary school teachers have average level of spiritual intelligence and purpose in life.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Wirausahawan Design Grafis Terhadap Tingkat Keberhasilan Usaha
Authors: Tripariyanto Afiff Yudha , Komari Ana , Santoso Heribertus Budi 
Published: June 2020

The rapid development of graphic design raises many people who want to become graphic design entrepreneurs. In this study aims to determine the effect of the characteristics of graphic design entrepreneurs on the level of business success. Used 8 independent variables, namely hard work, cooperation, appearance, confidence, good at making decisions, want to increase knowledge, ambition to move forward and good at communicating to the level of business success. The sample used was of the saturated sample because the respondents were less than 100 people, as many as 40 respondents. The method used is multiple linear regressions. The results of the study are in the partial test, the independent variable that is not able to influence the level of success of graphic design business is a good performance variable, confident of pioneered business, want to increase knowledge, ambition to move forward, while in the simultaneous test the characteristics of entrepreneurial design are not influence the success of the business. In the multiple linear regression test models are obtained namely: Y = 4,140 + 0,957X1 + 0,904X2-0,149X3-0,071X4 + 0.029X5 + -1,070X6-0,914X7 + 0,257X8Â Perkembangan desain grafis yang pesat menimbulkan banyak orang yang ingin menjadi pengusaha desain grafis.Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik wirausahawan desain grafis terhadap tingkat keberhasilan usaha. Digunakan 8 variabel bebas yaitu kerja keras, kerja sama, penampilan, yakin, pandai membuat keputusan, mau menambah pengetahuan, ambisi untuk maju dan pandai berkomunikasi terhadap tingkat keberhasilan usaha. Sampel yang digunakan berjenis sampel jenuh karena responden kurang dari 100 orang, yaitu sebanyak 40 responden. Metode yang digunakan adalah regres linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu pada uji T, variabel bebas yang tidak mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap tingkat keberhasilan usaha desain grafis adalah variabel penampilan yang baik, yakin akan usaha yang dirintis, mau menambah pengetahuan, ambisi untuk maju, sedangkan pada uji F wirausaha desain grafis tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap keberhasilan usaha. Pada uji regreli linier berganda didapatkan model yaitu : Y=4,140+0,957X1+0,904X2-0,149X3-0,071X4+0,029X5+-1,070X6-0,914X7+0,257X8..Â