bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inbreeding depression and genetic variability in agricultural traits and resistance to phytopathogens in exotic maize populations
Authors: Oliveira Aurilene Santos , Reis Edésio Fialho dos , Nogueira Ana Paula Oliveira , Cezar Juliatti Fernando 
Published: April 2020

The effect known as depression by inbreeding refers to the reduction on the average value of quantitative traits, related to plant reproduction and physiology, due to the homozygosis of deleterious alleles. This study evaluated the inbreeding depression and the genetic variability of agricultural traits and of the resistance to phytopathogens in inbred families of two exotic maize populations. The experiments were done in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, in the second harvest 2015. Fifty and 40 FS1 of NAP5 and NAP7 populations, respectively, were evaluated interplanting one row with a mixture of base population at every ten plots to estimate depression by inbreeding of the traits evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three replications. The following traits were evaluated: AP – plant height (cm), AE – ear height (cm), FM – male flowering (days), PQ – number of broken plants, AC – number of lodged plants, PG – kernel production (kg plot-1). The greatest estimates of depression by inbreeding in the agricultural traits were observed for kernel production, with values of 51.2 and 38.9% for the populations NAP5 and NAP7, respectively. Among the traits of resistance to phytopathogens, the greatest estimate was observed for the stunting complex, with values of -58.9% in NAP5 and -74.2% in NAP7. Both populations under study presented genetic potential to be used in breeding programs with recurrent selection and, after some selection cycles, lineages with good agricultural standard and resistance to phytopathogens can be obtained.
Perubahan Pemanfaatan Lahan dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Terhadap Permukiman di Koridor Ambawang
Authors: Hasriyanti Nunik , Zulestari Andi , Ruslan Ismail 
Published: April 2020

Pembangunan infrastruktur perkotaan di Indonesia dihadapkan pada masalah yang semakin kompleks, terutama dengan terkonversinya lahan terbuka menjadi ruang terbangun. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan merancang bangun koridor Ambawang dengan infrastruktur hijau berbasis ketersediaan infrastruktur untuk mendapatkan ruang koridor yang ekologis, artinya adanya keseimbangan antara pembangunan dan perkembangan kota dengan kelestarian lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan memprediksi kecenderungan perkembangan ruang terbangun di koridor Ambawang. Menganalisis dan memprediksi perkembangan ruang terbangun pada koridor Ambawang dan faktor penyebab serta praktek terjadinya pertumbuhan permukiman di pinggiran metropolitan. Dalam penelitian ini akan digunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi lapangan meliputi identifikasi terhadap ruang terbangun dan infrastruktur di koridor Ambawang. Analisis kondisi eksisting dilakukan melalui interpretasi data foto udara dan peta-peta tematik tahun 2016 untuk mengetahui sebaran ruang spasial terbangun di koridor Ambawang. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kebijakan dalam bentuk design guidelines (panduan rekayasa) untuk perencanaan dan perancangan infrastruktur ruang terbangun di koridor Ambawang. Kata kunci: Tata Guna Lahan, Dampak, Permukiman, Perkotaan, KoridorThe development of urban infrastructure in Indonesia is faced with increasingly complex problems, especially with the conversion of open land into unuseful space. This research is generally aimed to design the corridor of Ambawang with green infrastructure-based infrastructure to get ecological corridor room, meaning that there is a balance between development and city development with environmental sustainability. The purpose of this research is to analyze and predict the trend of development of waking space in Ambawang corridor. Analyzing and predicting the development of built-up space on the Ambawang corridor and the causal factors and practices of growth settlements in metropolitan outskirts. In this research will be used qualitative descriptive research method through field observation covering identification to build space and infrastructure in Ambawang corridor. The existing condition analysis is done through the interpretation of aerial photographs and thematic maps of 2016 to know the spatial space spreads built in the Ambawang corridor. With this research is expected to provide policy in the form of design guidelines (engineering guidelines) for planning and design of built space infrastructure in the corridor Ambawang.Keywords: Land Use, Impact, Settlement, Urban Sprawl, Corridor
Preparation of acrylonitrile/acrylamide copolymer beads via a redox method and their adsorption properties after chemical modification
Authors: Md Jamil Siti Nurul Ain , Khairuddin Mastura , Daik Rusli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPoly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylamide) [poly(AN-co- AM)] was prepared via a redox method, with sodium bisulfite and potassium persulphate as the initiators. High yield was attained in up to 76% of monomer conversion within 3 h of reaction time. The copolymers were then chemically modified with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to obtain amidoxime functional groups in the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) system. The role of the amidoxime group is to form a chelating ion-exchange network based on acrylonitrile for the adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectra, the appearance of a strong band at the regions of 1680 and 3300–3400 cm-1 due to the stretching vibration of C=O and NH2 groups, respectively, confirmed the copolymerization of acrylamide into the PAN system. In the case of modified copolymers, there was an appearance of broad bands at the regions of ∼3300 and ∼900 cm-1, which corresponded to the stretching vibrations of O-H and =N-O, respectively, from the oxime group. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the average size of the copolymer particles was ∼149 nm, and the average size increased to ∼217 nm in the case of the modified copolymer. The amidoximed poly(AN-co-AM) was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma to investigate its adsorption behavior toward Cu(II).
DETERMINATION METHOD OF FLORET NUMBER AND THEIR DENSITY IN SUNFLOWER HEAD / METODO PARA LA DETERMINACION DEL NUMERO DE FLORES Y SU DENSIDAD A LA CABEZA DE GIRASOL / METHODE DE DÉTERMINATION DU NOMBRE DE FLEURS ET DE LEUR DENSITÉ SUR LA TÊTE DE TOURNESOL
Authors: Marin I.V. 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe aim of this work was to develop a simple method for calculating disk flower number and their density in sunflower head. The formula developed on the basis of the Golden section includes initial data of the number of smallshort rows and the number of florets in a row. It takes no more than a minute to gain initial data for calculating the formula for one head.
INHERITANCE OF IMIDAZOLINONE-HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN SUNFLOWER / HERENCIA DE LA RESISTENCIA A IMIDAZOLINONAS EN GIRASOL / HÉRÉDITÉ DE LA RÉSISTANCE À L’HERBICIDE IMIDAZOLINONE CHEZ LE TOURNESOL
Authors: Bruniard J. M. , Miller J. F. 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYBroadleaf weeds cause considerable yield losses to sunflower production in all regions of the world. Resistance to the imidazolinone herbicides, imazethapyr and imazamox, found in a population of wild sunflower, could have great value for controlling many broadleaf weeds. The herbicide resistance was successfully transferred from resistant wild sunflower plants to a cultivated sunflower inbred line, HA 425. The objective of this investigation was to determine the inheritance of resistance to the herbicide imazamox in HA 425. Segregation ratios of plants in F2 and testcross populations indicated that resistance was controlled by two genes, a major gene having a semi-dominant type of gene action (Imr1), and a second gene (Imr2) with a modifier effect when the major gene is present. Resistance in sunflower can only be achieved with homozygocity (Imr1, Imr1, Imr2, Imr2) of both resistance genes in an inbred line or in a hybrid. Completely resistant hybrids require having resistance factors in both parents.
MEIOTIC STUDIES IN THE M2 GENERATION OF Helianthus annuus L. VARIETY EKIZ 1 AFTER GAMMA IRRADIATION / LOS ESTUDIOS EN LA GENERACION DE Helianthus annuus L. LA VARIEDAD EKIZ 1 DESPUES DE LA IRRADIACION DE LA GAMMA / APRÉS LE RAYONNEMENT DES GAMMA DANS LA GÉNÉRATION M2 DE LA VARIÉTÉ EKIZ 1 (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Arslan Orhan , Bal Şenol , Mirici Semra , Yenice Nilgün 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe effect of gamma rays on meiosis in the M2 generation has been studied in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) variety Ekiz 1. Seeds were irradiated with gamma rays at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kR doses. Radiation induced meotic abnormalities. The chromosomal aberrations included univalents, multivalents and stickiness at diakinesis, laggards and stickiness at metaphase I, bridges and laggards at anaphase and telophase I-II, micronuclei at telophase II. The percentage frequencies of anomalies increased generally with the increasing dose of radiation.
FERMENTATION OF A NEW Bacillus thuringiensis STRAIN / FERMENTACION DE LA VARIEDAD NUEVA Bacillus thuringiensis / FERMENTATION DE LA NOUVELLE RACE Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Bai Cheng , Vick Brady A. 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYA new Bacillus thuringiensis strain, 00-50-5, exhibited an unusually high activity against banded sunflower moth (BSM) Cochylis hospes, which is an economically important pest of cultivated sunflowers in North America. The strain was fermented with a modified commercial medium in a bioreactor. This was a successful trial for production of 00-50-5 on a larger scale. After fermentation, the yield of dried powder was 5.8 g/l broth. In the laboratory assays, the LC50 (lethal concentration required to kill 50% of targets) of the dried powder was 0.5 μg/ml 3 d after exposure against four instars of BSM. Some practically useful conditions and parameters for the fermentation operating procedure and methods for harvesting were determined.
Innovative vibration technique applied to polyurethane foam as a viable substitute for conventional fatigue testing
Authors: Peralta Alexander , Just-Agosto Frederick , Shafiq Basir , Serrano David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLifetime prediction using three-point bending (TPB) can at times be prohibitively time consuming and costly, whereas vibration testing at higher frequency may potentially save time and revenue. A vibration technique that obtains lifetimes that reasonably match those determined under flexural TPB fatigue is developed. The technique designs the specimen with a procedure based on shape optimization and finite element analysis. When the specimen is vibrated in resonance, a stress pattern that mimics the stress pattern observed under conventional TPB fatigue testing is obtained. The proposed approach was verified with polyurethane foam specimens, resulting in an average error of 4.5% when compared with TPB.
Experimental and numerical investigation into the behavior of shape memory alloys
Authors: Philander Oscar , Oliver Graeme John , Sun Bohua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch and development of smart alignment systems is currently being undertaken at the Smart Devices and MEMS Laboratory at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. The intended devices will harness the remarkable phenomena of shape memory alloys (SMAs), i.e. the shape memory effect and pseudo-elasticity, for actuation purposes. These unique characteristics of shape memory alloy behavior results from an austenitic ⇔ martensitic phase transformation during heating or cooling and/or a de-twinning of the martensitic variants due to an applied load. This paper investigates the microscopic and macroscopic behavior of SMA wires and uses the dynamic one-dimensional thermodynamic and statistical thermodynamic constitutive model proposed by Müller and Achenbach and further refined by Müller and Seelecke in the design of SMA line actuators. This model permits the simulation of the response of a tensile specimen to a thermodynamic input and calculates all phase transformations, phase proportions and deformations as functions of time if the temperature and applied load are prescribed as functions of time. The aim of this research is to develop an understanding of the numerical model and its implementation in the design of SMA line actuators. Specific results should show response time of a given length of SMA wire subjected to an applied load and temperature increase, and the load – displacement relationships for both quasi-plastic and pseudo-elastic behaviors. This paper also introduces some of the devices currently under investigation by the Smart Alignment Systems Research Group.
On certain fundamental issues in continuum damage mechanics
Authors: Voyiadjis George Z. , Kattan Peter I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, we discuss three fundamental issues in continuum damage mechanics. First, we investigate the nature of the damage process. For this purpose, we dissect the expression of the effective stress into an infinite geometric series and introduce several stages of damage that we call primary damage, secondary damage, tertiary damage, etc. The second issue to be discussed is the problem of small damage. In this regard, we introduce a new definition of the damage variable that is suitable for small-damage cases. Finally, we discuss the new concept of undamageable materials. These are currently hypothetical materials that maintain a zero value of the damage variable throughout the deformation process. It is hoped that these proposed new types of materials will open the way to new areas of research in both damage mechanics and materials science.
Effect of wave propagation in nonhomogeneous elastic rod with variable density
Authors: Sethi Munish , Gupta Manisha , Gupta Kishan Chand , Saroa Mahinder Singh , Thakur Ashish 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effect of wave propagation in nonhomogeneous elastic solid whose elastic parameters depend on one space coordinate only is considered. The stress and displacement components are assumed to depend on this same space coordinate and time alone. Taking Young’s modulus E=E0 cos αx and density ρ=ρ0 cos αx, we obtain the general solution for the problem of wave propagation in nonhomogeneous elastic rod. Particular cases in which a modified sawtooth, square, and half sine wave rectifier output as input wave, fed through one end of the rod, are studied, and the displacement u(x,t) is obtained. Graphs are drawn to study the behaviour of the input waves at time t=2 s, α=0.01, and =3.5.
Surface waves in fibre-reinforced anisotropic solid elastic media under the influence of gravity
Authors: Sethi Munish , Gupta Manisha , Gupta Kishan Chand , Saroa Mahinder Singh , Gupta Deepak 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present article is to investigate the surface waves in anisotropic, elastic solid medium under the influence of gravity. The theory of generalised surface waves has first been developed and then used to investigate particular cases of waves, viz., Stoneley, Rayleigh, and Love. The wave velocity equations have been obtained for different cases and are in well agreement with the corresponding classical result, when the effect of gravity, viscosity, and fibre-reinforced parameters of the material medium are ignored.
Synchronous Infra-Slow Oscillations Organize Ensembles of Accessory Olfactory Bulb Projection Neurons into Distinct Microcircuits
Authors: Tsitoura Chryssanthi , Malinowski Sebastian T. , Mohrhardt Julia , Degen Rudolf , DiBenedictis Brett T. , Gao Yuan , Watznauer Katja , Gerhold Kira , Nagel Maximilian , Weber Monika , Rothermel Markus , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L. , Ben-Shaul Yoram , Davison Ian G. , Spehr Marc 
Published: April 2020

The accessory olfactory system controls social and sexual behavior. In the mouse accessory olfactory bulb, the first central stage of information processing along the accessory olfactory pathway, projection neurons (mitral cells) display infra-slow oscillatory discharge with remarkable periodicity. The physiological mechanisms that underlie this default output state, however, remain controversial. Moreover, whether such rhythmic infra-slow activity patterns exist in awake behaving mice and whether such activity reflects the functional organization of the accessory olfactory bulb circuitry remain unclear. Here, we hypothesize that mitral cell ensembles form synchronized microcircuits that subdivide the accessory olfactory bulb into segregated functional clusters. We use a miniature microscope to image the Ca2+dynamics within the apical dendritic compartments of large mitral cell ensemblesin vivo. We show that infra-slow periodic patterns of concerted neural activity, indeed, reflect the idle state of accessory olfactory bulb output in awake male and female mice. Ca2+activity profiles are distinct and glomerulus-specific. Confocal time-lapse imaging in acute slices reveals that groups of mitral cells assemble into microcircuits that exhibit correlated Ca2+signals. Moreover, electrophysiological profiling of synaptic connectivity indicates functional coupling between mitral cells. Our results suggest that both intrinsically rhythmogenic neurons and neurons entrained by fast synaptic drive are key elements in organizing the accessory olfactory bulb into functional microcircuits, each characterized by a distinct default pattern of infra-slow rhythmicity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInformation processing in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) plays a central role in conspecific chemosensory communication. Surprisingly, many basic physiological principles that underlie neuronal signaling in the AOB remain elusive. Here, we show that AOB projection neurons (mitral cells) form parallel synchronized ensembles bothin vitroandin vivo. Infra-slow synchronous oscillatory activity within AOB microcircuits thus adds a new dimension to chemosensory coding along the accessory olfactory pathway.
Streptococcus pneumoniae hijacks host autophagy by deploying CbpC as a decoy for Atg14 depletion
Authors: Shizukuishi Sayaka , Ogawa Michinaga , Matsunaga Satoko , Tomokiyo Mikado , Ikebe Tadayoshi , Fushinobu Shinya , Ryo Akihide , Ohnishi Makoto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPneumococcal cell surface‐exposed choline‐binding proteins (CBPs) play pivotal roles in multiple infectious processes with pneumococci. Intracellular pneumococci can be recognized at multiple steps during bactericidal autophagy. However, whether CBPs are involved in pneumococci‐induced autophagic processes remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that CbpC from S. pneumoniae strain TIGR4 activates autophagy through an interaction with Atg14. However, S. pneumoniae also interferes with autophagy by deploying CbpC as a decoy to cause autophagic degradation of Atg14 through an interaction with p62/SQSTM1. Thus, S. pneumoniae suppresses the autophagic degradation of intracellular pneumococci and survives within cells. Domain analysis reveals that the coiled‐coil domain of Atg14 and residue Y83 of the dp3 domain in the N‐terminal region of CbpC are crucial for both the CbpC–Atg14 interaction and the subsequent autophagic degradation of Atg14. Although homology modeling indicates that CbpC orthologs have similar structures in the dp3 domain, autophagy induction through Atg14 binding is an intrinsic property of CbpC. Our data provide novel insights into the evolutionary hijacking of host‐defense systems by intracellular pneumococci.
L-leucin és lenalidomid együttes adásának kedvező hatása 5q- myelodysplasiás szindrómában
Authors: Szerafin László , Jakó János 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
Az 5q (del) genetikai eltéréssel bíró myelodysplasiás szindróma lenalidomid
adásával hatékonyan kezelhető. Az L‑leucin az mTOR szignálút gátlásával fokozza
a haploinszufficiens riboszómális gének transzlációját és így szintén kedvező
hatású lehet. Szerzők két betegük kórlefolyását ismertetik, akiket a két szer
együttes adásával kezeltek. Első betegükben lenalidomidkezelés a transzfúziós
igényt megszüntette, de az anaemia továbbra is fennállt, a gyógyszer adása
súlyos leukopeniát és thrombocytopeniát okozott. A terápia L-leucinnal történő
kiegészítése után a beteg vérképe gyorsan normalizálódott, előbb a lenalidomid,
majd az L-leucin is elhagyhatóvá vált, továbbiakban már az 5q (del) genetikai
eltérés sem volt kimutatható, évek óta tartósan remisszióban van. Második
betegükben az első szerként adott L‑leucin szintén megszüntette a transzfúziós
igényt, de az anaemiát nem. A terápia lenalidomiddal történő kiegészítése után a
beteg vérképe gyorsan normalizálódott. A lenalidomid és L‑leucin kombinációja –
a két szer eltérő hatásmechanizmusa révén – egymás hatását fokozhatja és a
terápiás eredményt tovább javíthatja. A kis esetszámú klinikai megfigyelések
miatt még további vizsgálatok szükségesek.
A membrán nanocsövek szerepe az intercelluláris mitokondrium átadásában és a tumorsejtek kemorezisztenciájában
Authors: Matula Zsolt , Mikala Gábor , Vályi-Nagy István , Uher Ferenc 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
A rendkívül komplex mechanizmusok révén megvalósuló intercelluláris
kommunikációnak meghatározó szerepe van mind az egészséges, mind a különböző
megbetegedések esetében tapasztalható, megváltozott szöveti homeosztázisban. A
tumorsejtek és azok mikrokörnyezetében található egyéb sejtek között
megfigyelhető sejt–sejt interakciók nemcsak a tumoros megbetegedések
progressziójában, hanem a terápiával szemben fellépő rezisztenciában is
kulcsszerepet játszanak. A membrán nanocsövek olyan újonnan felfedezett, nagy
távolságot áthidalni képes intercelluláris összeköttetések, amelyek számos
sejtalkotó cseréjét teszik lehetővé két vagy több sejt között, beleértve a
különböző ionokat, makromolekulákat, de akár még az olyan nagyobb méretű
organellumokat is, mint amilyenek a mitokondriumok. A membrán nanocsöveken
keresztül átadott mitokondriumok egyértelműen megváltoztatják a recipiens sejtek
metabolizmusát, funkcionális jellemzőit, a jelenség pedig mind az egészséges,
mind a rákos sejtek esetében kimutatható. A metabolikus plaszticitást manapság a
rák egyik legfontosabb jellemzőjének tekintik, mivel cáfolhatatlanul
kulcsszerepet játszik a kezelés következtében kialakuló
gyógyszer-rezisztenciában. Az elmúlt néhány évben vált teljesen világossá, hogy
a gyógyszer-rezisztencia kialakulásában a membrán nanocsöveken keresztül zajló
mitokondriumátadásnak meghatározó szerepe van, amely újfajta terápiás
megközelítések kidolgozását teszi szükségessé.
Printing composite nanofilaments for use in a simple and low-cost 3D pen
Authors: de Araujo Francisca Pereira , Silva Batista Igor Tadeu , de Oliveira Francílio Carvalho , de Almeida Layane Rodrigues , de Castro Brito Guilherme , da Silva Barud Hernane , Dittz Dalton , Silva-Filho Edson Cavalcanti , Osajima Josy Anteveli , Lobo Anderson Oliveira 
Published: April 2020

Abstract