bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Born corrections to the one-point statistics of (CMB) lensing convergence obtained via large deviation theory
Authors: Barthelemy Alexandre , Codis Sandrine , Bernardeau Francis 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Weak lensing of galaxies and cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons through the large-scale structure of the Universe is one of the most promising cosmological probes with upcoming experiments dedicated to its measurements such as Euclid/LSST and CMB Stage 4 experiments. With increasingly precise measurements, there is a dire need for accurate theoretical predictions. In this work, we focus on higher order statistics of the weak-lensing convergence field, namely its cumulants such as skewness and kurtosis and its one-point probability distribution function (PDF), and we quantify using perturbation theory the corrections coming from post-Born effects, meaning beyond the straight-line and independent lens approximations. At first order, two such corrections arise: lens–lens couplings and geodesic deviation. Though the corrections are small for low source redshifts (below a few per cent) and therefore for galaxy lensing, they become important at higher redshifts, notably in the context of CMB lensing, where the non-Gaussianities computed from tree-order perturbation theory are found to be of the same order as the signal itself. We include these post-Born corrections on the skewness in a prediction for the one-point convergence PDF obtained with large deviation theory and successfully test these results against numerical simulations. The modelled PDF is indeed shown to perform better than the per cent for apertures above ∼10 arcmin and typically in the 3σ region around the mean.
The study of the angular and spatial distribution of radio-selected AGNs and star-forming galaxies in the ELAIS N1 field
Authors: Chakraborty Arnab , Dutta Prasun , Datta Abhirup , Roy Nirupam 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The cosmic evolution of bias of different source populations with underlying dark matter density field in post-reionization era can shed light on large-scale structures. Studying the angular and spatial distribution of different compact sources using deep radio catalogue at low frequency is essential to understand the matter distribution of the present Universe. Here, we investigate the relationship of luminous matter with their host dark matter haloes by measuring the angular and spatial clustering of sources (two-point statistics), using deep radio observation of ELAIS N1 (EN1) field with upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) at 300–500 MHz. We also analyse the 612 MHz GMRT archival data of the same field to understand the cosmic evolution of clustering of different source populations. We classify the sources as star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on their radio luminosity. We find that the spatial clustering length and bias to the dark matter density field of SFGs are smaller than AGNs at both frequencies. This proves that AGNs are mainly hosted by massive haloes and hence strongly clustered. However, a small decrease in the bias for both kind of sources at higher frequency indicates that we are most likely tracing the faint objects residing in less-massive haloes at higher frequencies. Our results are in excellent agreement with previous findings at radio and multifrequency surveys. However, comparison with SKADS simulation suggests that the halo mass for different populations used in the simulation is systematically lower. This work quantifies the spatial distribution of extragalactic compact objects in EN1 field and bridges the gap between shallow and deep surveys.
FLASH early science – discovery of an intervening H i 21-cm absorber from an ASKAP survey of the GAMA 23 field
Authors: Allison J R , Sadler E M , Bellstedt S , Davies L J M , Driver S P , Ellison S L , Huynh M , Kapińska A D , Mahony E K , Moss V A , Robotham A S G , Whiting M T , Curran S J , Darling J , Hotan A W , Hunstead R W , Koribalski B S , Lagos C D P , Pettini M , Pimbblet K A , Voronkov M A 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present early science results from the First Large Absorption Survey in H i (FLASH), a spectroscopically blind survey for 21-cm absorption lines in cold hydrogen (H i) gas at cosmological distances using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). We have searched for H i absorption towards 1253 radio sources in the GAMA 23 field, covering redshifts between z = 0.34 and 0.79 over a sky area of approximately 50 deg2. In a purely blind search, we did not obtain any detections of 21-cm absorbers above our reliability threshold. Assuming a fiducial value for the H i spin temperature of Tspin = 100 K and source covering fraction cf = 1, the total comoving absorption path-length sensitive to all Damped Lyman α Absorbers (DLAs; NH i ≥ 2 × 1020 cm−2) is ΔX = 6.6 ± 0.3 (Δz = 3.7 ± 0.2) and super-DLAs (NH i ≥ 2 × 1021 cm−2) is ΔX = 111 ± 6 (Δz= 63 ± 3). We estimate upper limits on the H i column density frequency distribution function that are consistent with measurements from prior surveys for redshifted optical DLAs, and nearby 21-cm emission and absorption. By cross-matching our sample of radio sources with optical spectroscopic identifications of galaxies in the GAMA 23 field, we were able to detect 21-cm absorption at z = 0.3562 towards NVSS J224500−343030, with a column density of $N_{\rm H\,\small{I}} = (1.2 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{20}\, (T_{\rm spin}/100\, \mathrm{K})$ cm−2. The absorber is associated with GAMA J22450.05−343031.7, a massive early-type galaxy at an impact parameter of 17 kpc with respect to the radio source and which may contain a massive (MH i ≳ 3 × 109 M⊙) gas disc. Such gas-rich early types are rare, but have been detected in the nearby Universe.
First measurement of the total gravitational quadrupole moment of a black widow companion
Authors: Voisin Guillaume , Clark C J , Breton R P , Dhillon V S , Kennedy M R , Mata-Sánchez D 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the first measurement of the gravitational quadrupole moment of the companion star of a spider pulsar, namely the black widow PSR J2051–0827. To this end, we have re-analysed radio timing data using a new model that is able to account for periastron precession caused by tidal and centrifugal deformations of the star as well as by general relativity. The model allows for a time-varying component of the quadrupole moment, thus self-consistently accounting for the ill-understood orbital period variations observed in these systems. Our analysis results in the first detection of orbital precession in a spider system at $\dot{\omega } = -68{_{.}^{\circ}}6_{-0{_{.}^{\circ}}5}^{+0{_{.}^{\circ}}9}$ yr−1 and the most accurate determination of orbital eccentricity for PSR J2051–0827 with e = (4.2 ± 0.1) × 10−5. We show that the variable quadrupole component is about 100 times smaller than the average quadrupole moment $\bar{Q} = -2.2_{-1}^{+0.6} \times 10^{41} \ {\rm kg\,m^2}$. We discuss how accurate modelling of high-precision optical light curves of the companion star will allow its apsidal motion constant to be derived from our results.
Iron line from neutron star accretion discs in scalar tensor theories
Authors: Bucciantini Niccolò , Soldateschi Jacopo 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The Fe Kα fluorescent line at 6.4 keV is a powerful probe of the space–time metric in the vicinity of accreting compact objects. We investigated here how some alternative theories of gravity, namely scalar tensor theories, that invoke the presence of a non-minimally coupled scalar field and predict the existence of strongly scalarized neutron stars (NSs), change the expected line shape with respect to General Relativity. By taking into account both deviations from the general relativistic orbital dynamics of the accreting disc, where the Fe line originates, and the changes in the light propagation around the NS, we computed line shapes for various inclinations of the disc with respect to the observer. We found that both the intensity of the low-energy tails and the position of the high-energy edge of the line change. Moreover, we verified that even if those changes are in general of the order of a few percent, they are potentially observable with the next generation of X-ray satellites.
Partially hydroxylated ultrathin iridium nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Cheng Zifang , Huang Bolong , Pi Yecan , Li Leigang , Shao Qi , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted considerable attention for their unique physicochemical properties and promising applications; however, preparation of freestanding ultrathin 2D noble metal remains a significant challenge. Here, for the first time, we report use of a wet-chemical method to synthesize partially hydroxylated ultrathin Ir nanosheets (Ir-NSs) of only five to six atomic layers’ thickness. Detailed analysis indicates that the growth confinement effect of carbon monoxide and the partially hydroxylated surface play a critical role in formation of the ultrathin structure. The ultrathin Ir-NSs exhibit excellent performance for both the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in a wide pH range, outperforming the state-of-the-art Pt/C and IrO2, respectively. Density-functional theory calculations reveal that the partial hydroxylation not only enhances the surface electron transfer between Ir-sites and intermediate O-species, but also guarantees efficient initial activation of bond cleavage of H-O-H for first-step H2O splitting. This, ultimately, breaks through barriers to full water splitting, with efficient electron transfer essentially maintained.
Efficient sequential harvesting of solar light by heterogeneous hollow shells with hierarchical pores
Authors: Wei Yanze , Wan Jiawei , Yang Nailiang , Yang Yu , Ma Yanwen , Wang Songcan , Wang Jiangyan , Yu Ranbo , Gu Lin , Wang Lianhui , Wang Lianzhou , Huang Wei , Wang Dan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In nature, sequential harvesting of light widely exists in the old life entity, i.e. cyanobacteria, to maximize the light absorption and enhance the photosynthesis efficiency. Inspired by nature, we propose a brand new concept of temporally-spatially sequential harvesting of light in one single particle, which has purpose-designed heterogeneous hollow multi-shelled structures (HoMSs) with porous shells composed of nanoparticle subunits. Structurally, HoMSs consist of different band-gap materials outside-in, thus realizing the efficient harvesting of light with different wavelengths. Moreover, introducing oxygen vacancies into each nanoparticle subunit can also enhance the light absorption. With the benefit of sequential harvesting of light in HoMSs, the quantum efficiency at wavelength of 400 nm is enhanced by six times compared with the corresponding nanoparticles. Impressively, using these aforementioned materials as photocatalysts, highly efficient photocatalytic water splitting is realized, which cannot be achieved by using the nanoparticle counterparts. This new concept of temporally-spatially sequential harvesting of solar light paves the way for solving the ever-growing energy demand.
Humanism, Sex, and Sexuality
Authors: Hafer Abby 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Humanists recognize that sex is an evolved trait, with no intrinsic meaning. It does not require rigidly defined sex or gender roles. Numerous examples among animals, and in various successful human societies, reflect this. Humanists see sex as a means of positive personal expression, pleasure, intimacy and/or bonding, and communication, as well as sometimes for reproduction. The principles of humanism assert that all people—the LGBTQ community, and women and men equally—should be able to enjoyably explore their sexuality, and that this is a part of every person’s full humanity. Humanists acknowledge that human pregnancy is difficult physiologically. Justice requires that women have control over their fertility, and that they have the final say in whether or not to carry a pregnancy to term. The unscientific concept of “natural law” opposes these ideas, is being used to make laws that hurt people, and is deeply influential in legal and political thought. Humanists, with their belief in evidence and reason, find no basis for the legal concept of “natural law.”
Capabilities, Freedom, and Severe Poverty
Authors: Brooks Thom 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Severe poverty is a key challenge for theorists of global justice. Most theorists have approached this issue primarily by developing accounts for understanding which kinds of duties have relevance and how responsibilities for tackling severe poverty might be assigned to agents, whether individuals, nations, or states. All such views share a commitment to ending severe poverty as a wrongful deprivation with a profoundly negative impact on affected individuals. While much attention has prioritized identifying reasons for others to provide relief, this chapter examines the nature of the wrongful deprivation that characterizes severe poverty. One influential view is championed by Martha Nussbaum in her distinctive capabilities approach. An individual might be considered to experience severe poverty where she is unable to enjoy the use of the capabilities which should be available to her. But this position raises several questions. Take the fact that about 1 billion people are unable to meet their basic needs today. Would the capabilities approach claim the number is much higher given its wider grasp of human flourishing beyond mere material subsistence—and what implications would flow from this? Or would the capabilities approach claim only a portion of those unable to meet their basic needs are in a wrongful state because their circumstances are a result of free choice—and what would this mean? These questions indicate a potential concern about whether the approach is over- or underinclusive and why.
Distant Strangers and the Illusion of Separation
Authors: Shue Henry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The human relationships underlying both international justice and intergenerational justice are less distant than commonly assumed, as Samuel Scheffler has argued, because causal webs tightly link persons across both space and time. Both the fossil-fuel energy regime that is causing climate change and the measures necessary to make the transition from that regime into an alternative energy regime impinge deeply upon the well-being of persons who have chosen neither the regime nor the transition, linking them across space. Similarly, the fates of persons in the distant future are in the hands of people living now because the time-of-last-opportunity to prevent disasters from becoming irreversible sometimes occurs centuries earlier than the start of the disaster itself. This is powerfully illustrated by the evident irreversibility of the melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which will ultimately cause catastrophic rises in sea level across the globe.
What Second-Best Scenarios Reveal about Ideals of Global Justice
Authors: Barry Christian , Wiens David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
While there need be no conflict in theory between addressing global inequality (inequalities between people worldwide) and addressing domestic inequality (inequalities between people within a political community), there may be instances in which the feasible mechanism for reducing global inequality risks aggravating domestic inequality. The burgeoning literature on global justice has tended to overlook this type of scenario, and theorists espousing global egalitarianism have consequently not engaged with cases that are important for evaluating and clarifying the content of their theories. This chapter explores potential tensions between promoting global and domestic inequality. It introduces a class of second-best scenarios that global justice theorists have neglected in order to demonstrate the importance of such scenarios as an aid to constructing and evaluating ideals of global justice.
Immigration
Authors: Miller David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the debate between advocates of open borders and defenders of the state’s right to control immigration. It examines four arguments for the former view. (1) As common owners of the earth, everyone has the right to enter any part of it. (2) Equality of opportunity at global level requires that people should be free to move between countries. (3) There is a human right to immigrate to any country one chooses. (4) States cannot coercively exclude immigrants unless they also allow them to participate democratically in the making of immigration policy. It then considers four arguments that can be used to justify border controls. (1) Citizens have a right to freedom of association that includes the right not to associate with unwanted others. (2) Distributive justice presupposes a cultural community, the protection of which requires selective admission. (3) Stronger forms of democracy demand a high level of trust among citizens, which increased diversity may threaten. (4) Members of a political community have ownership rights over its collective assets, access to which requires their permission. It concludes by noting areas of convergence between the two sides in this apparently polarized debate.
Settlement and the Right to Exclude
Authors: Stilz Anna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A number of theorists have recently offered a freedom-based argument for the right to migrate. This chapter adopts this account and asks whether the right to global free movement can be reconciled with other people’s rights of territorial occupancy. Examining cases of settler colonialism, it argues for an important qualification to the right to global free movement, designed to protect native inhabitants’ ability to permanently reside on their territory, and to use it for the social, cultural, and economic practices they value. If it is to be justifiable, global free movement must allow for the permissible exclusion of colonial settlers. Yet who to count as a potential colonial settler is a tricky question. The chapter argues that it is wrong to settle in another country in cases where (1) one comes with a project of political domination or (2) one has an adequate territorial base in another part of the world and one’s migration to another region would severely harm the collective practices of people with occupancy rights there.
A Critical Theory of Transnational (In-)Justice
Authors: Forst Rainer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter develops a critical theory of transnational justice. Its normative basis is a democratic conception of justice as justification grounded in a constructivist conception of reason which is at the same time “realistic” when it comes to assessing the current world order as one of multiple forms of domination. In its critical parts, the chapter discusses a number of conceptions of justice that are parochial or positivistic in insufficiently questioning certain normative and empirical premises and thus miss the nature of forms of injustice beyond the state. In the constructive parts, it presents a reflexive argument for a discursive conception of justice. This theory is then situated in transnational contexts of rule and domination, arguing for principles and institutions of fundamental transnational justice.
The Link between Subsistence and Human Rights
Authors: Tomalty Jesse 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter constitutes an exploration and evaluation of the so-called “linkage argument” in support of the inclusion of a right to subsistence among human rights. While it is uncontroversial that avoiding poverty is hugely important for all humans, the human right to subsistence and other socioeconomic human rights are often regarded as social goals rather than genuine rights. The linkage argument aims to show that a commitment to the existence of any human rights at all entails a commitment to the inclusion of a right to subsistence among them. I argue that the linkage argument does not succeed in vindicating the inclusion of a right to subsistence among moral human rights, but I conclude that a modified version of it might support the justification of a legal human right to subsistence.
NAD(P)-Driven Redox Status Contributes to Desiccation Tolerance in Acer seeds
Authors: Alipour Shirin , Wojciechowska Natalia , Stolarska Ewelina , Bilska Karolina , Kalemba Ewa Marzena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Desiccation tolerance is a developmental program enabling seed survival in a dry state and is common in seeds categorized as orthodox. We focused on NAD and its phosphorylated form (NADP) because their continual switching between reduced (NAD(P)H) and oxidized (NAD(P)+) forms is involved in the modulation of redox signaling and the determination of the reducing power and further antioxidant responses. Norway maple and sycamore seeds representing the orthodox and recalcitrant categories, respectively, were used as models in a comparison of responses to water loss. The process of desiccation up to 10% water content (WC) was monitored in Norway maple seeds, while dehydration up to 30% WC was monitored in desiccation-sensitive sycamore seeds. Norway maple and sycamore seeds, particularly their embryonic axes, exhibited a distinct redox status during dehydration and desiccation. High NADPH levels, NAD+ accumulation, low and stable NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios expressed as reducing power and high NADPH-dependent enzyme activity were reported in Norway maple seeds and were considered attributes of orthodox-type seeds. The contrasting results of sycamore seeds contributed to their low antioxidant capacity and high sensitivity to desiccation. NADPH deficiency, low NADPH-dependent enzyme activity and lack of NAD+ accumulation were primary features of sycamore seeds, with implications for their NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios and reducing power and with effects on many seed traits. Thus, we propose that the distinct levels of pyridine nucleotides and their redox status contribute to orthodox and recalcitrant phenotype differentiation in seeds by affecting cellular redox signaling, metabolism and the antioxidant system.
Touch and social support influence interpersonal synchrony and pain
Authors: Reddan Marianne C , Young Hannah , Falkner Julia , López-Solà Marina , Wager Tor D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Interpersonal touch and social support can influence physical health, mental well-being and pain. However, the mechanisms by which supportive touch promotes analgesia are not well understood. In Study 1, we tested how three kinds of social support from a romantic partner (passive presence, gentle stroking and handholding) affect pain ratings and skin conductance responses (SCRs). Overall, support reduced pain ratings in women, but not men, relative to baseline. Support decreased pain-related SCRs in both women and men. Though there were no significant differences across the three support conditions, effects were largest during handholding. Handholding also reduced SCRs in the supportive partner. Additionally, synchronicity in couples’ SCR was correlated with reductions in self-reported pain, and individual differences in synchrony were correlated with the partner’s trait empathy. In Study 2, we re-analyzed an existing dataset to explore fMRI activity related to individual differences in handholding analgesia effects in women. Increased activity in a distributed set of brain regions, including valuation-encoding frontostriatal areas, was correlated with lower pain ratings. These results may suggest that social support can reduce pain by changing the value of nociceptive signals. This reduction may be moderated by interpersonal synchrony and relationship dynamics.