bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing mandatory stay‐at‐home and business closure effects on the spread of COVID‐19
Authors: Bendavid Eran , Oh Christopher , Bhattacharya Jay , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe most restrictive nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for controlling the spread of COVID‐19 are mandatory stay‐at‐home and business closures. Given the consequences of these policies, it is important to assess their effects. We evaluate the effects on epidemic case growth of more restrictive NPIs (mrNPIs), above and beyond those of less‐restrictive NPIs (lrNPIs).MethodsWe first estimate COVID‐19 case growth in relation to any NPI implementation in subnational regions of 10 countries: England, France, Germany, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, South Korea, Sweden and the United States. Using first‐difference models with fixed effects, we isolate the effects of mrNPIs by subtracting the combined effects of lrNPIs and epidemic dynamics from all NPIs. We use case growth in Sweden and South Korea, 2 countries that did not implement mandatory stay‐at‐home and business closures, as comparison countries for the other 8 countries (16 total comparisons).ResultsImplementing any NPIs was associated with significant reductions in case growth in 9 out of 10 study countries, including South Korea and Sweden that implemented only lrNPIs (Spain had a nonsignificant effect). After subtracting the epidemic and lrNPI effects, we find no clear, significant beneficial effect of mrNPIs on case growth in any country. In France, for example, the effect of mrNPIs was +7% (95% CI: −5%‐19%) when compared with Sweden and + 13% (−12%‐38%) when compared with South Korea (positive means pro‐contagion). The 95% confidence intervals excluded 30% declines in all 16 comparisons and 15% declines in 11/16 comparisons.ConclusionsWhile small benefits cannot be excluded, we do not find significant benefits on case growth of more restrictive NPIs. Similar reductions in case growth may be achievable with less‐restrictive interventions.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of erenumab in migraine prevention: Results from a 5‐year, open‐label treatment phase of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Goadsby Peter J. , Reuter Uwe , Silberstein Stephen , Dodick David W. , Xue Fei , Zhang Feng , Paiva da Silva Lima Gabriel , Cheng Sunfa , Mikol Daniel D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough erenumab has demonstrated significant reduction in migraine frequency and improved quality of life in studies lasting 3 to 12 months, little is known about long‐term therapy.MethodsThis study was an open‐label, 5‐year treatment phase following a 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in adults with episodic migraine. Patients initially received open‐label erenumab 70 mg, which increased to 140 mg following a protocol amendment. Efficacy analyses included change from baseline in monthly migraine days (MMDs), monthly acute migraine‐specific medication (AMSM) days, and health‐related quality of life.ResultsOf 383 patients enrolled, 250 switched to 140 mg; 215 (56.1%) completed open‐label treatment. Mean (standard error) change in MMDs from baseline of 8.7 (0.2) days was −5.3 (0.3) days; an average reduction of 62.3% at year 5. Among patients using AMSM at baseline (6.3 [2.8] treatment days), mean change in monthly AMSM days was −4.4 (0.3) days at the end of 5 years. Patient‐reported outcomes indicated stable improvements in disability, headache impact, and migraine‐specific quality of life. Exposure‐adjusted patient incidence rates of adverse events (AEs) were 123.0/100 patient‐years; AEs were most frequently nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, and influenza. Serious AEs (SAEs) reported by 49 patients (3.8/100 patient‐years) were mostly single occurrence. Two fatal adverse events were reported. There were no increases in incidence of AEs, SAEs, or AEs leading to treatment discontinuation over 5 years of exposure.ConclusionsTreatment with erenumab was associated with reductions in migraine frequency and improvements in health‐related quality of life that were maintained for at least 5 years. No new safety signals were observed.
Expression and regulation of ccBAX by miR‐124 in the caudal fin cell of C. auratus gibelio upon cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection
Authors: Yu Lu , Chen Qikang , Chu Xin , Luo Yang , Feng Zizhao , Lu Liqun , Zhang Ye , Xu Dan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBcl2 family proteins play a critical role in cell death or survival. BAX, the death‐promoting protein of bcl2 family, mediated mitochondrial pathway inducing cells’ apoptosis in mammal. MiRNAs have been implicated as negative regulators down‐regulating genes’ expression after post‐transcriptional level. At present, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of miRNA on the Bcl2 family proteins during CyHV‐2 infection in silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). In this study, the ccBAX (silver crucian carp BAX) gene was cloned and expressed, and polyclonal antibodies were raised in mouse against the purified ccBAX‐GST fusion protein. The structure analysis indicated that ccBAX protein included four conserve domains (BH1, BH2, BH3 and transmembrane domains) and the expression of ccBAX protein occurred throughout the cells. Furthermore, two miRNAs (miR‐124 and miRNA‐29b) were identified to negatively regulate ccBAX gene expression in GiCF cell. miR‐124 was found to suppress the expression of WT‐ccBAX (wild type), but not the MT‐ccBAX (mutant). Overall, the results demonstrated that the expression of the ccBAX gene was significantly down‐regulated by miR‐124 in silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) during CyHV‐2 infection.
Trends and hotspots of family nursing research based on Web of Science: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Huang Qi , Ronghuang Qi , Yinhuang Rui , Fanghuang Yan , Yansun Hong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveFamily nursing is an essential component of nursing practice. The number of articles that researchers must be familiar with is increasing, along with the importance of selective searching and summarization. This study aims to explore the development trend and research spotlight through the analysis of literature related to family nursing from 1986 to 2018.MethodsScience Citation Index literatures about family nursing in Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) were searched by subject terms. The function of database document statistics and analysis, cite space visualization software and Excel were used to measure and analyze the included documents and draw the visualization atlas. Each article was evaluated for the following characteristics: authors, institution, country, keyword, reference, cited‐author, cited‐journal, grant.ResultsA total of 1,224 literatures from 68 countries and regions as well as 1,749 research institutions, 331 journals, 833 funded institutions and 4,007 first authors and collaborators were included. There is an increasing trend in the amount of papers published in family nursing research. Among them, the United States (275, 22.47%), Brazil (196, 16.01%), and the University of São Paulo (63, 5.15%) share the highest number of publications. < JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING > (IF = 1.889) was the most published journal (126, 10.29%). BELL JM was the highest published author (29, 2.37%), SVAVARSDOTTIR EK was highly cited (181 citation). At present, the research spotlight in this field focus on the traditional research directions such as “NURSING”, “FAMILY”, “NURSE” and “CARE”. But there are also new directions such as “QUALIFY OF LIFE”, “PALLIATIVE”, “CAREGIVER”, “CHILD” and “DEMENTIA”. The focus of research extends from “DRUGS, MEDICINE, CLINICAL, PSYCHOLIGY, EDUCATION, HEALTH” to “NURSING, SOCIETY”.ConclusionFamily nursing started late, and its exploration was limited. Although family nursing was growing in certain countries, the fields involved in the research are still relatively narrow and lack interdisciplinary cross‐fusion. The research field of family nursing needs to be further explored and refined in future practice.
Attentional blink suppresses both stimulus‐driven and representation‐driven cross‐modal spread of attention
Authors: Zhao Song , Feng Chengzhi , Liao Yu , Huang Xinyin , Feng Wenfeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that visual attention effect can spread to the task‐irrelevant auditory modality automatically through either the stimulus‐driven binding process or the representation‐driven priming process. Using an attentional blink paradigm, the present study investigated whether the long‐latency stimulus‐driven and representation‐driven cross‐modal spread of attention would be inhibited or facilitated when the attentional resources operating at the post‐perceptual stage of processing are inadequate, whereas ensuring all visual stimuli were spatially attended and the representations of visual target object categories were activated, which were previously thought to be the only endogenous prerequisites for triggering cross‐modal spread of attention. The results demonstrated that both types of attentional spreading were completely suppressed during the attentional blink interval but were highly prominent outside the attentional blink interval, with the stimulus‐driven process being independent of, whereas the representation‐driven process being dependent on, audiovisual semantic congruency. These findings provide the first evidence that the occurrences of both stimulus‐driven and representation‐driven spread of attention are contingent on the amount of post‐perceptual attentional resources responsible for the late consolidation processing of visual stimuli, whereas the early detection of visual stimuli and the top‐down activation of the visual representations are not the sole endogenous prerequisites for triggering any types of cross‐modal attentional spreading.
Blood donation by men who have sex with men: using evidence to change policy
Authors: Davison Katy L. , Reynolds Claire A. , Andrews Nick , Brailsford Susan R. ,   the UK Blood Donor Survey Steering Group
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIn 2011 in the United Kingdom (UK), excluding Northern Ireland, the deferral of men who have sex with men (MSM) changed from lifetime to 12 months. We describe MSM who donated before and after this to inform further policy reviews.Materials and MethodsCharacteristics and sexual behaviours of donors identifying as male from routine surveillance are described. Rates of infections are compared pre‐ and post‐implementation of a 12‐month deferral. Donors are compared with screen negative male donors responding to a large‐scale survey during 2013/2014.ResultsComparing the five years pre‐ and post‐change, the rate of confirmed positives for markers of HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis decreased by 6·9% from 14·1 to 13·1/100 000 donations. The rate of recent infections was unchanged (1·72/100 000). Of 22 776 survey responses identifying as male, MSM disclosed sex between men over 12 months ago giving 99·35% compliance among male donors. Two‐thirds of the 72 non‐compliant MSM reported one to two partners and one‐third had no new partners within 12 months. The most commonly reported reason for non‐compliance from MSM both positive and negative for infection was ‘not important to declare’ (37·2% and 40·7%). Test seeking was rare (9·3% and 2·1%).ConclusionCompliance with the 12‐month MSM deferral policy was very high. The very low rates of infections post‐change demonstrated the effectiveness of the policy. These data were an important part of the 2017 review of all sexual behaviour deferrals.
Adverse outcomes in COVID-19 and diabetes: a retrospective cohort study from three London teaching hospitals
Authors: Izzi-Engbeaya Chioma , Distaso Walter , Amin Anjali , Yang Wei , Idowu Oluwagbemiga , Kenkre Julia S , Shah Ronak J , Woin Evelina , Shi Christine , Alavi Nael , Bedri Hala , Brady Niamh , Blackburn Sophie , Leczycka Martina , Patel Sanya , Sokol Elizaveta , Toke-Bjolgerud Edward , Qayum Ambreen , Abdel-Malek Mariana , Hope David C D , Oliver Nick S , Bravis Vasiliki , Misra Shivani , Tan Tricia M , Hill Neil E , Salem Victoria 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionPatients with diabetes mellitus admitted to hospital with COVID-19 have poorer outcomes. However, the drivers of poorer outcomes are not fully elucidated. We performed detailed characterization of patients with COVID-19 to determine the clinical and biochemical factors that may be drivers of poorer outcomes.Research design and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of 889 consecutive inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 9 and April 22, 2020 in a large London National Health Service Trust. Unbiased multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine variables that were independently and significantly associated with increased risk of death and/or intensive care unit (ICU) admission within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis.Results62% of patients in our cohort were of non-white ethnic background and the prevalence of diabetes was 38%. 323 (36%) patients met the primary outcome of death/admission to the ICU within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. Male gender, lower platelet count, advancing age and higher Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score (but not diabetes) independently predicted poor outcomes on multivariate analysis. Antiplatelet medication was associated with a lower risk of death/ICU admission. Factors that were significantly and independently associated with poorer outcomes in patients with diabetes were coexisting ischemic heart disease, increasing age and lower platelet count.ConclusionsIn this large study of a diverse patient population, comorbidity (ie, diabetes with ischemic heart disease; increasing CFS score in older patients) was a major determinant of poor outcomes with COVID-19. Antiplatelet medication should be evaluated in randomized clinical trials among high-risk patient groups.
Taking prevention to the next step: implementation of a brief, sustainable frailty assessment in a cardiology clinic
Authors: Orkaby Ariela R , James Kirstyn , Leuchtenburg Jessica , Solooki Esther , Gaziano J Michael , Driver Jane A 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundFrailty measurement is recommended when assessing older adults with cardiovascular disease to individualise prevention and treatment. We sought to address this by incorporating routine gait speed measurement by clinicians into an outpatient preventive cardiology clinic.MethodsQuality improvement (QI) project initiated at VA Boston in January 2015 to measure usual gait speed in m/s over a 4 m distance for patients aged 70 and older. The primary outcome was completion and documentation of 4 m usual gait speed. Data were manually extracted from the electronic health record. Frequency distributions and descriptive statistics are presented.InterventionsSeveral change interventions were implemented over a 5-year period (January 2015–December 2019) addressing (1) stakeholder engagement and project champions, (2) staff education, (3) assessment space, (4) electronic health record template update and (5) sustaining the initiative. Statistical process control charts were used to monitor proportion of gait speed measurement and to detect shifts resulting from 5 phase change interventions.ResultsDuring this QI project, 178 patients aged 70 and older attended the clinic, accounting for 1042 individual clinic visits. Gait speed was measured at least once for 157 patients; 21 were never assessed. At the end of the first month (January 2015), gait speed was measured during 40% of clinic visits and rose to a median measurement rate of 78% at clinic visits during the 2018–2019 study period. An unanticipated result was the spread of the initiative to other cardiology clinics.ConclusionsGait speed measurement was successfully embedded into clinic assessments for older adults at a cardiology clinic following targeted interventions. This project highlights the feasibility of incorporating a brief frailty assessment such as gait speed, into non-geriatric medicine clinics.
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir with or without low-dose ribavirin for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and severe renal impairment
Authors: Liu Chen-Hua , Chen Chi-Yi , Su Wei-Wen , Tseng Kuo-Chih , Lo Ching-Chu , Liu Chun-Jen , Chen Jyh-Jou , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Shih Yu-Lueng , Yang Sheng-Shun , Huang Chia-Sheng , Huang Ke-Jhang , Chang Chi-Yang , Tsai Ming-Chang , Kao Wei-Yu , Fang Yo-Jen , Chen Po-Yueh , Su Pei-Yuan , Tseng Chih-Wei , Huang Jow-Jyh , Lee Pei-Lun , Lai Hsueh-Chou , Hsieh Tsai-Yuan , Chang Chung-Hsin , Huang Yi-Jie , Lee Fu-Jen , Chang Chun-Chao , Kao Jia-Horng 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveData regarding the real-world effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) with or without low-dose ribavirin (RBV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and severe renal impairment (RI) are limited. We evaluated the performance of SOF/VEL with or without low-dose RBV in HCV-infected patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5.Design191 patients with compensated (n=181) and decompensated (n=10) liver diseases receiving SOF/VEL (400/100 mg/day) alone and SOF/VEL with low-dose RBV (200 mg/day) for 12 weeks were retrospectively recruited at 15 academic centres in Taiwan. The effectiveness was determined by sustained virological response at off-treatment week 12 (SVR12) in evaluable (EP) and per-protocol populations (PP). The safety profiles were assessed.ResultsThe SVR12 rates by EP and PP analyses were 94.8% (95% CI 90.6% to 97.1%) and 100% (95% CI 97.9% to 100%). In patients with compensated liver disease, the SVR12 rates were 95.0% and 100% by EP and PP analyses. In patients with decompensated liver disease, the SVR12 rates were 90.0% and 100% by EP and PP analyses. Ten patients who failed to achieve SVR12 were attributed to non-virological failures. Among the 20 serious adverse events (AEs), none were judged related to SOF/VEL or RBV. The AEs occurring in ≥10% included fatigue (14.7%), headache (14.1%), nausea (12.6%), insomnia (12.0%) and pruritus (10.5%). None had ≥grade 3 total bilirubin or alanine aminotransferase elevations.ConclusionSOF/VEL with or without low-dose RBV is effective and well-tolerated in HCV-infected patients with severe RI.
Improvement in left ventricular mechanics following medical treatment of constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Sato Kimi , Ayache Ayman , Kumar Arnav , Cremer Paul C , Griffin Brian , Popovic Zoran B , Jellis Christine , Kwon Deborah H , Bolen Michael , Ramchand Jay , Chetrit Michael , Furqan Muhammad M , Johnston Douglas , Klein Allan L 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivePatients with constrictive pericarditis (CP) with active inflammation may show resolution with anti-inflammatory therapy. We aimed to investigate the impact of anti-inflammatory medications on constrictive pathophysiology using echocardiography in patients with CP.MethodsWe identified 35 patients with CP who were treated with anti-inflammatory medications (colchicine, prednisone, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) after diagnosis of CP (mean age 58±13; 80% male). Clinical resolution of CP (transient CP) was defined as improvement in New York Heart Association class during follow-up. We assessed constrictive pathophysiology using regional myocardial mechanics by the ratio of peak early diastolic tissue velocity (e’) at the lateral and septal mitral annulus by tissue Doppler imaging (lateral/septal e’) or the ratio of the left ventricular lateral and septal wall longitudinal strain (LSlateral/LSseptal) by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Longitudinal data were analysed using a mixed effects model.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 323 days, 20 patients had transient CP, whereas 15 patients had persistent CP. Transient CP had higher baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) (p=0.003) compared with persistent CP. There were no significant differences in LSlateral/LSseptaland lateral/septal e’. During follow-up, only transient CP showed improvement in lateral/septal e’ (p<0.001) and LSlateral/LSseptal(p=0.003), and recovery of inflammatory markers was similar between the two groups. In the logistic model, higher baseline ESR and greater improvement in lateral/septal e’ and LSlateral/LSseptalwere associated with clinical resolution of CP using anti-inflammatory therapy.ConclusionsImprovement of constrictive physiology detected by lateral/septal e’ and LSlateral/LSseptalwas associated with resolution of clinical symptoms after anti-inflammatory treatment. Serial monitoring of these markers could be used to identify transient CP.
Joint association between education and polygenic risk score for incident coronary heart disease events: a longitudinal population-based study of 26 203 men and women
Authors: Martikainen Pekka , Korhonen Kaarina , Jelenkovic Aline , Lahtinen Hannu , Havulinna Aki , Ripatti Samuli , Borodulin Katja , Salomaa Veikko , Davey Smith George , Silventoinen Karri 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundGenetic vulnerability to coronary heart disease (CHD) is well established, but little is known whether these effects are mediated or modified by equally well-established social determinants of CHD. We estimate the joint associations of the polygenetic risk score (PRS) for CHD and education on CHD events.MethodsThe data are from the 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012 surveys of the population-based FINRISK Study including measures of social, behavioural and metabolic factors and genome-wide genotypes (N=26 203). Follow-up of fatal and non-fatal incident CHD events (N=2063) was based on nationwide registers.ResultsAllowing for age, sex, study year, region of residence, study batch and principal components, those in the highest quartile of PRS for CHD had strongly increased risk of CHD events compared with the lowest quartile (HR=2.26; 95% CI: 1.97 to 2.59); associations were also observed for low education (HR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.89). These effects were largely independent of each other. Adjustment for baseline smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, igh-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, blood pressure and diabetes attenuated the PRS associations by 10% and the education associations by 50%. We do not find strong evidence of interactions between PRS and education.ConclusionsPRS and education predict CHD events, and these associations are independent of each other. Both can improve CHD prediction beyond behavioural risks. The results imply that observational studies that do not have information on genetic risk factors for CHD do not provide confounded estimates for the association between education and CHD.