bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structure of temperate yellowjacket communities is affected by land development and loss of forest cover
Authors: MacLean Jessica L. , van Akker Lara , Van Hezewijk Brian H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As anthropogenic disturbance continues to encroach on natural areas, it is imperative to establish how this disturbance affects species assemblages. Yellowjackets are important predators of a wide range of arthropods, acting as natural population control in many ecosystems. This study seeks to explore how Vespinae community structure shifts with increasing land development in a temperate North American environment.
Yellowjackets were sampled from May to September 2019 using heptyl butyrate and acetic acid plus isobutanol traps. Sampling sites represented a gradient of developed landscapes, from fully forested to entirely developed. Seven species from the genera Dolichovespula and Vespula were trapped during the study.
Yellowjacket community structure was found to be significantly affected by the amount of land development. These results were driven by the replacement of Vespula consobrina with Vespula germanica in urban landscapes. A high level of development, greater than 75%, reduced species abundance relative to the fully forested landscapes, primarily due to the loss of Vespula pensylvanica and V. consobrina.
Our results highlight that the replacement of forested areas with urban development causes a shift in yellowjacket community composition, favouring generalist scavengers (e.g. V. germanica) and threatening the abundance of forest specialists such as V. consobrina.
The art of mind changing—solidarity in dementia care*
Authors: Głos Aleksandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany studies, across various disciplines, have confirmed that artistic and cultural programs can significantly improve the experience of persons with dementia. While drawing on this data, this paper takes a different angle. It asks what lessons art practiced in the context of dementia care can teach us, as thinkers, carers, policymakers, friends, and all those with the interests of people with dementia at heart. It then argues that these lessons are threefold: firstly, they teach a strikingly actual lesson on the contemporary theories of rationality; secondly, and most importantly, they are a valuable lesson about what we owe each other, about the meaning of solidarity, citizenship, and the fundamental features of a decent society, and thirdly, they give an unusual insight into the theory of art and its meaning in the constitution of solidarity. All of these arguments amount to the conclusion that social practices of solidarity can be salutary both to persons with dementia, and also to the paradoxes of contemporary healthcare and some of the maladies of today’s society. Fulfilment of the duties of solidarity (for example, by introducing participatory art programs in dementia care settings) does not require major financial expense. It does, however, require a lot of moral imagination, for which this paper advocates.
The first comprehensive DNA barcode reference library of Chinese Tanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) for environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Long , Mo Lidong , Bu Wen‐Jun , Wang Xin‐Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimReliable DNA barcode reference libraries are critical for biodiversity monitoring based on Environmental DNA (eDNA). DNA barcoding has proven successful in species delimitation and association of life stages in many groups of animals, such as non‐biting midges (Chironomidae). We use the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874, second largest genus of the family Chironomidae, to test whether DNA barcodes can be used to identify unknown and cryptic species. A comprehensive DNA barcode library will be built to facilitate further eDNA studies for biodiversity monitoring and conservation in freshwater ecosystems.LocationMainland China.MethodsIn this study, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) DNA barcodes from 298 individuals, representing 56 morphospecies from China, were analysed, including 136 sequences from previous studies and 162 newly generated DNA barcodes. 298 COI barcodes were applied into the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) to compare the operational taxonomic units (OTU) number resulting from the Barcode Index Number (BIN) based “Barcode Gap Analysis” and neighbour joining (NJ) tree.ResultsTotal 298 barcode sequences were applied to 66 BINs, including 20 singleton BINs and 46 concordant BINs. ABGD yielded 55 OTUs with a prior intraspecific divergence of Pmax = 3.59%. By Integrating DNA barcodes with morphology, we revealed 21 putative species new to science and two unidentified species from the 56 well‐separated morphospecies. Besides, several cryptic species are uncovered using the NJ tree and TCS haplotype network based on COI DNA barcodes.Main conclusionsOur results demonstrate that DNA barcodes enable the discovery and identification of Tanytarsus non‐biting midges. A comprehensive DNA barcode reference library could speed up accurate species delimitation and discovery by providing a reliable resource for taxonomic studies, and improve the application of eDNA metabarcoding in biomonitoring of freshwater ecosystems.
Prediction models and nomograms for 10‐year risk of end‐stage renal disease in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in primary care
Authors: Dong Weinan , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Kwok Ruby Lai Ping , Chao David Vai Kiong , Tan Kathryn Choon Beng , Hui Eric Ming Tung , Tsui Wendy Wing Sze , Chan King Hong , Fung Colman Siu Cheung , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo develop and validate 10‐year risk prediction models, nomograms and charts for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care, in order to guide individualized treatment.Materials and MethodsThis was a 10‐year population‐based observational cohort study. A total of 141 516 Chinese T2DM patients without history of cardiovascular disease or ESRD who were managed in public primary care clinics in 2008 were included and followed up until December 2017. Two‐thirds of these patients were randomly selected to develop sex‐specific ESRD risk prediction models using Cox regressions. The validity and accuracy of the models were tested on the remaining third of patients using Harrell's C‐index. We selected variables based on their clinical and statistical importance to construct the nomograms and charts.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 9.75 years. The cumulative incidence of ESRD was 6.0% (men: 6.1%, women: 5.9%). Age, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure (SBP), SBP variability, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), HbA1c variability, urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significant predictors for both sexes. Smoking and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio were additional significant predictors for men and women, respectively. The models showed Harrell's C‐statistics of 0.889/0.889 (women/men). Age, eGFR, UACR, SBP and HbA1c were selected for both sexes to develop nomograms and charts.ConclusionsUsing routinely available variables, the 10‐year ESRD risk of Chinese T2DM patients in primary care can be predicted with approximately 90% accuracy. We have developed different tools to facilitate routine ESRD risk prediction in primary care, so that individualized care can be provided to prevent or delay ESRD in T2DM patients.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: Impact of coronary artery disease
Authors: Sharifov Oleg F. , Murphy John M. , Perry Gilbert J. , Tallaj Jose , Denney Thomas S. , Prabhu Sumanth D. , Gupta Himanshu , Lloyd Steven G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2016, the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) released guidelines for identifying left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), but its ability to detect early hemodynamic abnormalities is not well established, especially in the setting of subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesize that the accuracy of ASE categorization of early LVDD is affected by knowledge of whether CAD history is present.MethodsWe studied 34 patients (age 62 ± 7 years) with NYHA class I to II symptoms and with transthoracic echocardiography without findings suggesting myocardial disease (all with preserved LV ejection fraction), who underwent cardiac catheterization with high‐fidelity LV pressure measurement. Echocardiographic images were evaluated for LVDD using ASE algorithm without and with knowledge of CAD history and angiography findings. CAD was considered as having DD for the algorithm.ResultsCAD was identified in 22 patients at catheterization (65%). Using ASE guidelines without including history of CAD or angiographic results, 29 patients were DD−, 3 were DD+ (all grade II), and 2 were indeterminate. Inclusion of CAD history recategorized 59% (n = 20) patients to DD+ (all grade I) from DD− (P < .0001). Nineteen of the recategorized patients (95%) had increased isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). The addition of echocardiographic IVRT improved discrimination between DD− and DD+, when the presence of CAD is unknown.Conclusions2016‐ASE algorithm reasonably accurately identifies early LVDD at rest as reflected by LV catheterization when CAD is disclosed, but without knowledge of the presence of CAD, it underdiagnoses DD+ grade I. The addition of IVRT may improve early LVDD diagnostics.
Phasic modulation of visual representations during sustained attention
Authors: van Es Mats W. J. , Marshall Tom R. , Spaak Eelke , Jensen Ole , Schoffelen Jan‐Mathijs 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSustained attention has long been thought to benefit perception in a continuous fashion, but recent evidence suggests that it affects perception in a discrete, rhythmic way. Periodic fluctuations in behavioral performance over time, and modulations of behavioral performance by the phase of spontaneous oscillatory brain activity point to an attentional sampling rate in the theta or alpha frequency range. We investigated whether such discrete sampling by attention is reflected in periodic fluctuations in the decodability of visual stimulus orientation from magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain signals. In this exploratory study, human subjects attended one of the two grating stimuli, while MEG was being recorded. We assessed the strength of the visual representation of the attended stimulus using a support vector machine (SVM) to decode the orientation of the grating (clockwise vs. counterclockwise) from the MEG signal. We tested whether decoder performance depended on the theta/alpha phase of local brain activity. While the phase of ongoing activity in the visual cortex did not modulate decoding performance, theta/alpha phase of activity in the frontal eye fields and parietal cortex, contralateral to the attended stimulus did modulate decoding performance. These findings suggest that phasic modulations of visual stimulus representations in the brain are caused by frequency‐specific top‐down activity in the frontoparietal attention network, though the behavioral relevance of these effects could not be established.
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups affect physical performances in Han older adults: an 8‐year follow‐up prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Chuan‐Wei , Li Chia‐Ing , Chang Jan‐Gowth , Liu Chiu‐Shong , Lin Chih‐Hsueh , Lin Wen‐Yuan , Li Tsai‐Chung , Lin Cheng‐Chieh 
Published: December 2020

AimThe objective of this study was to explore the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and physical performances in Han older adults.MethodsThis study was an 8‐year follow‐up prospective cohort study. A total of 104 Han older adults completed the measurements of the 6‐min walk test, grip strength and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. The mtDNA haplogroups were classified by using HaploGrep2 software. We used the mixed model to analyze the longitudinal effect of mtDNA haplogroups on physical performance tests among three waves of data.ResultsThe mean age at wave 3 among men and women were 78.3 and 77.2 years, respectively. The overall proportions of mtDNA haplogroups in this study population was 26.9% F, 21.2% M, 15.4% R, 14.4% D, 8.7% B and others. After adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index and exercise, the interaction of mtDNA haplogroup M and waves significantly affected the 6‐min walk distance. Notably, the adjusted mean of the 6‐min walk distance among the group of mtDNA haplogroup M was significantly lower than other haplogroups at wave 3. The adjusted mean of grip strength among the group of mtDNA haplogroup R was significantly higher than other haplogroups at wave 3.ConclusionsThis finding suggests that mtDNA haplogroups might have effects on the 6‐min walk test and grip strength in Han older adults, although studies of the physical performance of older adults with larger sample sizes are necessary to further substantiate these findings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 166–171.
Antioxidant effects of gallic acid alkyl esters of various chain lengths in oyster during frying process
Authors: Li Ao , Zhao Man‐Tong , Yin Fa‐Wen , Zhang Min , Liu Hui‐Lin , Zhou Da‐Yong , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe antioxidant effects of gallic acid (GA) and its alkyl esters including methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallate (GA‐C4), octyl gallate, lauryl gallate, hexadecyl gallate and octadecyl gallate in frying oil (soybean oil) and oyster during frying were investigated. Rancimat induction period (RIP) assay indicated GA and its alkyl esters effectively improved the oxidative stability of soybean oil according to the ‘polar paradox’; that is, the antioxidant effects of the polyphenols decreased in lipid system with the increasing of hydrophobicity. Results also indicated that GA and its alkyl esters all effectively retarded lipid oxidation in oyster tissue according to parameters including RIP, peroxide value and electron spin resonance assays. Moreover, the antioxidant efficiency in oyster increased with the alkyl chain length until GA‐C4, and thereafter, the antioxidant effects decreased, similar to the ‘cut‐off effect’. This study provides basic data for improving the oxidative stability of seafood during frying.
Impact of exogenous salicylic acid treatment on the cell wall metabolism and ripening process in postharvest tomato fruit stored at ambient temperature
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Tokas Jayanti , Raghavendra Midathala , Singal Hari R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTomato is a climacteric fruit susceptible to rapid softening and ripening after harvest. In this study, the changes of physicochemical characters, cell wall‐degrading enzymes, cell wall compositions and ethylene production of ‘Hisar Arun’ and ‘BSS‐488’ tomato fruits were investigated under the influence of salicylic acid treatment. Salicylic acid treatment effectively delayed firmness decline and increase in PLW, TSS and lycopene content. The treated fruits maintained the integrity of cell wall composition by delay in increase in activities of cell wall‐degrading enzymes (pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase and cellulose) and cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin) decline. Moreover, salicylic acid treatments significantly suppress expression level of ethylene‐producing genes (ACO1 and ACS2) and inhibited ethylene production during storage. Overall, the salicylic acid‐induced delay in the ripening process occurs via the strong inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis, lowered cell wall‐degrading enzyme activities and slowed cell wall degradation.
The influence of oxygen vacancies on piezoelectricity in samarium‐doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Li Yang , Borbely Marcell , Bell Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA study of 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.29PbTiO3 shows that, when it is doped with 2.5% Sm on the A‐site, in addition to an almost threefold increase in piezoelectric charge coefficient and dielectric permittivity, there is a 2 order of magnitude reduction in conductivity, attributed to a decrease in oxygen vacancy concentration. An analysis of the nonlinearity of permittivity with respect to field amplitude shows that both the reversible and irreversible contributions increase significantly with Sm‐doping, with simple models showing that these changes are consistent with a reduction in the concentration of dipolar defects that can inhibit both polarization rotation and domain wall translation. Contrary to the argument that doping increases heterogeneity, there is little change in the diffuseness of the peak in permittivity as a function temperature, whilst there is a 15% increase in spontaneous polarization with Sm addition. Through comparison of the Rayleigh law parameters with those published for other piezoelectric materials, it is concluded that a significant contribution to the observed increase in piezoelectric performance due to Sm‐doping of PMN‐PT is similar in origin to that seen in soft, donor‐doped PZT and other conventional piezoelectric ceramics.
Computerized dynamic testing of children's potential for reasoning by analogy: The role of executive functioning
Authors: Vogelaar Bart , Veerbeek Jochanan , Splinter Suzanne E. , Resing Wilma C. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate children's potential for reasoning by analogy utilizing a newly‐developed computerized dynamic test, and the potential differential influence of executive functions (cognitive flexibility, attention, and planning) on static and dynamic measures of analogical reasoning. Participants included 64 children (mean age = 7.55). The study employed a two‐session experimental test‐training‐test design. Based on randomized blocking, half of the children received a graduated prompts training between pre‐test and post‐test, and the other half did not. Trained children improved more than control children in both their accuracy scores and number of accurately applied transformations from pre‐test to post‐test. It was further found that cognitive flexibility, attention and planning, is associated with successful solving of analogies. Training children in analogical reasoning seemed to reduce the effect of executive functions. It was also found that that children who were more cognitively flexible needed more prompts during the training.
Optimal combinations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in Korea: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Choi Won‐Jun , Lee Hye‐Sun , Hong Jung Hwa , Chang Hyuk‐Jae , Lee Ji‐Won 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated the optimal combinations of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels for lowest mortality in participants not taking hypertensive medication at the study baseline using nationwide representative databases. Survival rates and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Kaplan‐Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression analyses. The discriminatory ability for clinical outcomes was assessed by Harrell's C‐index analysis. A survival spline curve was presented, and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed. SBP ≥ 140 group and DBP ≥ 90 group had the highest risk of mortality. Within SBP < 120, the HR (95% CIs) for all‐cause mortality (ACM) was the lowest for DBP 70‐79. Within SBP 120‐139, the HR (95% CIs) for ACM was significantly lower for DBP 70‐79. Within SBP ≥ 140, the HR (95% CIs) for ACM was significantly lower for DBP 80‐89. Conversely, within SBP ≥ 140, DBP < 70 showed the highest risk for ACM. Similar relationships were observed when survival spline curves and CART analysis were used. The combination of SBP and DBP discriminated better than SBP or DBP alone for mortality. The effect of DBP on mortality varies according to the SBP range. It is more effective to evaluate the effect of SBP and DBP jointly for clinical outcomes.
Head adaptation for sound production and feeding strategy in dolphins (Odontoceti: Delphinida)
Authors: Frainer Guilherme , Huggenberger Stefan , Moreno Ignacio B. , Plön Stephanie , Galatius Anders 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHead morphology in toothed whales evolved under selective pressures on feeding strategy and sound production. The postnatal development of the skull (n = 207) and mandible (n = 219) of six Delphinida species which differ in feeding strategy but exhibit similar sound emission patterns, including two narrow‐band high‐frequency species, were investigated through 3D morphometrics. Morphological changes throughout ontogeny were demonstrated based on the main source of variation (i.e., prediction lines) and the common allometric component. Multivariate trajectory analysis with pairwise comparisons between all species was performed to evaluate specific differences on the postnatal development of skulls and mandibles. Changes in the rostrum formation contributed to the variation (skull: 49%; mandible: 90%) of the entire data set and might not only reflect the feeding strategy adopted by each lineage but also represents an adaptation for sound production and reception. As an important structure for directionality of sound emissions, this may increase directionality in raptorial feeders. Phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses indicated that shape of the anterior portion of the skull is strongly dependent on phylogeny and might not only reflect feeding mode, but also morphological adaptations for sound production, particularly in raptorial species. Thus, postnatal development seems to represent a crucial stage for biosonar maturation in some raptorial species such as Pontoporia blainvillei and Sousa plumbea. The ontogeny of their main tool for navigation and hunting might reflect their natural history peculiarities and thus potentially define their main vulnerabilities to anthropogenic changes in the environment.