bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of intravalley phonon scattering of 2s excitons in MoSe2 and WSe2 monolayers
Authors: McDonnell Liam P , Viner Jacob J S , Rivera Pasqual , Xu Xiaodong , Smith David C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a high-resolution resonance Raman study of hBN encapsulated MoSe2 and WSe2 monolayers at 4 K using excitation energies from 1.6 eV to 2.25 eV. We report resonances with the WSe2 A2s and MoSe2 A2s and B2s excited Rydberg states despite their low oscillator strength. When resonant with the 2s states we identify new Raman peaks which are associated with intravalley scattering between different Rydberg states via optical phonons. By calibrating the Raman scattering efficiency and separately constraining the electric dipole matrix elements, we reveal that the scattering rates for k = 0 optical phonons are comparable for both 1s and 2s states despite differences in the envelope functions. We also observe multiple new dispersive Raman peaks including a peak at the WSe2 A2s resonance that demonstrates non-linear dispersion and peak-splitting behavior that suggests the dispersion relations for dark excitonic states at energies near the 2s state are extremely complex.
Scratching lithography for wafer-scale MoS2 monolayers
Authors: Wei Zheng , Liao Mengzhou , Guo Yutuo , Tang Jian , Cai Yongqing , Chen Hanyang , Wang Qinqin , Jia Qi , Lu Ying , Zhao Yanchong , Liu Jieying , Chu Yanbang , Yu Hua , Li Na , Yuan Jiahao , Huang Biying , Shen Cheng , Yang Rong , Shi Dongxia , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Monolayer MoS2 is an emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor with promise on novel electronics and optoelectronics. Standard micro-fabrication techniques such as lithography and etching are usually involved to pattern such materials for devices but usually face great challenges on yielding clean structures without edge, surface and interface contaminations induced during the fabrication process. Here a direct writing patterning approach for wafer-scale MoS2 monolayers is reported. By controllable scratching by a tip, wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 films on various substrates are patterned in an ultra-clean manner. MoS2 field effect transistors fabricated from this scratching lithography show excellent performances, evidenced from a room-temperature on–off ratio exceeding 1010 and a high field-effect mobility of 50.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, due to the cleanness of as-fabricated devices. Such scratching approach can be also applied to other 2D materials, thus providing an alternate patterning strategy to 2D-materials based devices.
Effects of aquatic conditioning on cartilage and bone metabolism in young horses
Authors: Silvers Brittany L , Leatherwood Jessica L , Arnold Carolyn E , Nielsen Brian D , Huseman Chelsie J , Dominguez Brandon J , Glass Kati G , Martinez Rafael E , Much Mattea L , Bradbery Amanda N 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile beneficial in rehabilitation, aquatic exercise effects on cartilage and bone metabolism in young, healthy horses has not been well described. Therefore, 30 Quarter Horse yearlings (343 ± 28 kg; 496 ± 12 d of age) were stratified by age, body weight (BW), and sex and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments for 140-d to evaluate effects of aquatic, dry, or no exercise on bone and cartilage metabolism in young horses transitioning to an advanced workload. Treatments included nonexercise control (CON; n = 10), dry treadmill (DRY; n = 10), or aquatic treadmill exercise (H2O; n = 10; water: 60% wither height, WH). Horses were housed individually (3.6 × 3.6 m) from 0600 to 1800 hours, allowed turnout (74 × 70 m) from 1800 to 0600 hours, and fed to meet or exceed requirements. During phase I (days 0 to 112), DRY and H2O walked on treadmills 30 min/d, 5 d/wk. Phase II (days 113 to 140) transitioned to an advanced workload 5 d/wk. Every 14-d, WH, hip height (HH), and BW were recorded. Left third metacarpal radiographs on days 0, 112, and 140 were analyzed for radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Every 28-d, serum samples were analyzed for osteocalcin and C-telopeptide crosslaps of type I collagen (CTX-1), and synovial fluid samples were analyzed for prostaglandin E2, collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C), collagenase of type I and type II collagen, and carboxypeptide of type II collagen using ELISAs. All data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS, including random effect of horse within treatment, and repeated effect of day. Baseline treatment differences were accounted for using a covariate. There were treatment × day interactions (P &lt; 0.01) where OC and CTX-1 remained consistent in both exercise groups while inconsistently increasing in CON. There were no treatment differences (P &gt; 0.30) in RBAE, BW, or HH, but all increased over time (P &lt; 0.01). There were no treatment × day interactions of synovial inflammation or markers of cartilage metabolism; however, there was an effect of day for each marker (P&lt;0.03). Changes in biomarkers of cartilage turnover in horses exercised at the walk, whether dry or aquatic, could not be distinguished from horses with access to turnout alone. This study indicates that early forced exercise supports consistent bone metabolism necessary for uniform growth and bone development, and that there are no negative effects of buoyancy on cartilage metabolism in yearlings transitioned from aquatic exercise to a 28-d advanced workload.
Nontraumatic chylothorax secondary to lymphoma and filariasis
Authors: Barillas Sabrina , Rodas Alejandra , Ardebol Javier , Martí Juan Luis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chylothorax is characterized by extravasation of chyle into the pleural space resulting from thoracic duct damage. The effusion is most commonly unilateral, with the right and left side being affected in 50% and 33.3% of the patients, respectively. Only 16.66% of cases present a bilateral effusion. The underlying etiology can be classified as spontaneous or traumatic. The diagnosis is made through pleural fluid analysis and imaging studies. The following article presents two cases of left spontaneous chylothorax: a 26-year-old male presenting with a chylous pleural effusion due to a non-Hodgkin lymphoma and a 47-year-old patient from a tropical area with a chylous pleural effusion attributed to filariasis. Filariasis as a cause of chylothorax is uncommon and there is not much literature on the topic. Alongside the case presentations, information on chylothorax etiology, mechanism, diagnosis and treatment options is provided.
Tracheal leiomyoma mimicking asthma for over 20 years
Authors: Harrison Oliver J , Jackson Mark , Shaw Emily , Alzetani Aiman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Benign tracheal tumours have an incidence of 1 in 1,000,000, of which leiomyomas represent only 1%. We report a case of tracheal leiomyoma masquerading as asthma for over 20 years. A 48-year-old man presented aged 26 years with asthma symptoms unresponsive to treatments and an obstructive spirometry pattern. Symptoms were not particularly troubling but suddenly exacerbated 22 years later. Flow-volume studies were consistent with upper airway obstruction. Computed tomography chest revealed a 2.3 cm mass arising from the posterior aspect of the trachea 2 cm above the carina. Bronchoscopic resection was performed using a Nd:YAG laser. Histology confirmed leiomyoma. Follow-up after 6 weeks revealed complete resolution of symptoms with normal spirometry. Tracheal masses should be considered in any patient with atypical asthma. A flow-volume loop may provide a clue to diagnosis and bronchoscopic laser resection is a minimally invasive treatment option.
Yttrium-90 selective internal radiotherapy as bridge to curative hepatectomy for recurrent malignant solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas: case report and review of literature
Authors: Dyas Adam R , Johnson David Thor , Rubin Erin , Schulick Richard D , Kumar Sharma Piyush 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recurrent malignant solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas (SPNP) are rare tumors with unpredictable clinical and histopathological features. There is a lack of consensus regarding utilization of adjuvant modalities in conjunction with or in lieu of curative metastatectomy. We present a remarkable case where Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (Y-90 SIRT) was successfully utilized to elucidate underlying tumor biology and aid resection of a large multifocal recurrent metastatic SPNP in the right hemi-liver of a 59-year-old female. Thus, in cases where curative metastatectomy remains the treatment goal in management of recurrent and/or metastatic SPNPs, Y-90 SIRT is a safe and effective adjunct treatment to facilitate curative resection.
Microsurgical Findings of Pial Arterial Feeders in Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae: A Case Series
Authors: Okamoto Michinari , Sugiyama Taku , Nakayama Naoki , Ushikoshi Satoshi , Kazumata Ken , Osanai Toshiya , Tokairin Kikutaro , Shimoda Yusuke , Houkin Kiyohiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pial arterial feeders in an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) are risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic complications during endovascular embolization. Microsurgery in dAVF with pial arterial feeders has rarely been reported.

OBJECTIVE
To assess our original experience with microsurgery for dAVF with pial arterial feeders by investigating surgical findings and outcomes.

METHODS
In 40 patients with intracranial dAVF who underwent microsurgery, we found 8 patients who had pial arterial feeders. A retrospective review was conducted.

RESULTS
The locations of the dAVFs were as follows: tentorium, 2 patients; Galenic system, 1; straight sinus, 1; torcula, 1; transverse sinus, 1; ethmoid, 1; and convexity, 1. Preoperative angiography revealed that the pial arterial feeders originated from the middle cerebral artery in 2 patients, the anterior cerebral artery in 1, the posterior cerebral artery in 2, and the posterior medial choroidal artery in 1. Of note, in 2 patients (6.7%), feeders from the superior cerebellar artery were determined to be angiographically occult during preoperative examination and were detected through careful intraoperative observation and arachnoid dissection. In 5 cases, the additional obliteration of the pial arterial feeders and/or more distal cortical venous drainers after the simple disconnection of proximal cortical drainers was necessary to cure the dAVF. Finally, all shunts were cured with only 1 minor complication.

CONCLUSION
Although microsurgical results were acceptable, the surgeon should be aware of the presence of pial arterial feeders even after the simple disconnection of cortical venous drainage. Angiographically occult feeders may also exist.
The Effects of Postoperative Neurological Deficits on Survival in Patients With Single Brain Metastasis
Authors: Medikonda Ravi , Jackson Christopher M , Feghali James , Lim Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The prognosis for brain metastasis is poor, and surgical resection is part of the standard of care for these patients as it has been shown to improve median overall survival. Development of neurological deficits after surgical resection has been associated with worsened outcomes in patients with glioblastoma. The effect of postoperative neurological deficits on survival in patients with single brain metastasis has not been studied to date.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between postoperative neurological deficits and median overall survival.

METHODS
A single-institution retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients with single brain metastasis undergoing surgical resection by a single neurosurgeon.

RESULTS
A total of 121 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Among them 61% of patients presented with a preoperative deficit, and 26% of patients had a new postoperative deficit. However, most postoperative deficits resolved and only 3.3% of patients developed a new permanent postoperative deficit. Median overall survival in patients with a new postoperative deficit was 2.4 mo, whereas mOS in patients without a postoperative deficit was 12.6 mo (P < .0001).

CONCLUSION
This study suggests that a new neurological deficit is associated with worsened outcomes after surgical resection of a single brain metastasis. This finding has potential implications for patient selection and counseling as the patients most likely to benefit from surgical resection are the patients who are most likely to have resolution of a preoperative deficit.
Surgical Management of Multifocal Trigeminal Schwannomas
Authors: Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Cohen Michael A , Bi Wenya Linda , Gozal Yair M , Alzhrani Gmaan , Karsy Michael , Al-Mefty Ossama , Couldwell William T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Isolated trigeminal schwannomas occur in 0.07% to 0.3% of intracranial tumors and account for 0.8% to 8% of intracranial schwannomas and 1/3 of Meckel cave tumors. The presence of multisegmental schwannoma is rare, resulting in a limited understanding of its optimal management.

OBJECTIVE
To describe potential surgical options to manage this rare entity.

METHODS
A 2-institution retrospective review of all patients with pathologically confirmed trigeminal schwannoma managed with resection from January 2009 through January 2019 was conducted. A manual chart review was performed to verify patients’ inclusion and collect data about age, sex, tumor size, tumor site, treatment modality, surgical approach, complications, and follow-up duration and status.

RESULTS
A total of 4 patients (age range 12-50 yr) who underwent a variety of cranial and orbitocranial approaches for tumor resection were identified. Patients achieved good outcomes with improvement of visual outcomes. One case of infection and 1 case of partial tumor recurrence requiring reresection were identified.

CONCLUSION
Multisegmental trigeminal schwannoma is a rare and unique entity, often associated with trigeminal schwannomatosis. Interdisciplinary management has been shown to be the most effective method for improving patient outcomes with these complex and poorly understood diseases.
The TianQin project: Current progress on science and technology
Authors: Mei Jianwei , Bai Yan-Zheng , Bao Jiahui , Barausse Enrico , Cai Lin , Canuto Enrico , Cao Bin , Chen Wei-Ming , Chen Yu , Ding Yan-Wei , Duan Hui-Zong , Fan Huimin , Feng Wen-Fan , Fu Honglin , Gao Qing , Gao TianQuan , Gong Yungui , Gou Xingyu , Gu Chao-Zheng , Gu De-Feng , He Zi-Qi , Hendry Martin , Hong Wei , Hu Xin-Chun , Hu Yi-Ming , Hu Yuexin , Huang Shun-Jia , Huang Xiang-Qing , Jiang Qinghua , Jiang Yuan-Ze , Jiang Yun , Jiang Zhen , Jin Hong-Ming , Korol Valeriya , Li Hong-Yin , Li Ming , Li Ming , Li Pengcheng , Li Rongwang , Li Yuqiang , Li Zhu , Li Zhulian , Li Zhu-Xi , Liang Yu-Rong , Liang Zheng-Cheng , Liao Fang-Jie , Liu Qi , Liu Shuai , Liu Yan-Chong , Liu Li , Liu Pei-Bo , Liu Xuhui , Liu Yuan , Lu Xiong-Fei , Lu Yang , Lu Ze-Huang , Luo Yan , Luo Zhi-Cai , Milyukov Vadim , Ming Min , Pi Xiaoyu , Qin Chenggang , Qu Shao-Bo , Sesana Alberto , Shao Chenggang , Shi Changfu , Su Wei , Tan Ding-Yin , Tan Yujie , Tan Zhuangbin , Tu Liang-Cheng , Wang Bin , Wang Cheng-Rui , Wang Fengbin , Wang Guan-Fang , Wang Haitian , Wang Jian , Wang Lijiao , Wang Panpan , Wang Xudong , Wang Yan , Wang Yi-Fan , Wei Ran , Wu Shu-Chao , Xiao Chun-Yu , Xu Xiao-Shi , Xue Chao , Yang Fang-Chao , Yang Liang , Yang Ming-Lin , Yang Shan-Qing , Ye Bobing , Yeh Hsien-Chi , Yu Shenghua , Zhai Dongsheng , Zhang Caishi , Zhang Haitao , Zhang Jian-dong , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Xin , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhou Hao , Zhou Ming-Yue , Zhou Ze-Bing , Zhu Dong-Dong , Zi Tie-Guang , Luo Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
TianQin is a planned space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory consisting of three Earth-orbiting satellites with an orbital radius of about $10^5 \, {\rm km}$. The satellites will form an equilateral triangle constellation the plane of which is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. TianQin aims to detect GWs between $10^{-4} \, {\rm Hz}$ and $1 \, {\rm Hz}$ that can be generated by a wide variety of important astrophysical and cosmological sources, including the inspiral of Galactic ultra-compact binaries, the inspiral of stellar-mass black hole binaries, extreme mass ratio inspirals, the merger of massive black hole binaries, and possibly the energetic processes in the very early universe and exotic sources such as cosmic strings. In order to start science operations around 2035, a roadmap called the 0123 plan is being used to bring the key technologies of TianQin to maturity, supported by the construction of a series of research facilities on the ground. Two major projects of the 0123 plan are being carried out. In this process, the team has created a new-generation $17 \, {\rm cm}$ single-body hollow corner-cube retro-reflector which was launched with the QueQiao satellite on 21 May 2018; a new laser-ranging station equipped with a $1.2 \, {\rm m}$ telescope has been constructed and the station has successfully ranged to all five retro-reflectors on the Moon; and the TianQin-1 experimental satellite was launched on 20 December 2019—the first-round result shows that the satellite has exceeded all of its mission requirements.
Cognitive Imprecision and Small-Stakes Risk Aversion
Authors: Khaw Mel Win , Li Ziang , Woodford Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Observed choices between risky lotteries are difficult to reconcile with expected utility maximization, both because subjects appear to be too risk averse with regard to small gambles for this to be explained by diminishing marginal utility of wealth, as stressed by Rabin (2000), and because subjects’ responses involve a random element. We propose a unified explanation for both anomalies, similar to the explanation given for related phenomena in the case of perceptual judgments: they result from judgments based on imprecise (and noisy) mental representations of the decision situation. In this model, risk aversion results from a sort of perceptual bias—but one that represents an optimal decision rule, given the limitations of the mental representation of the situation. We propose a quantitative model of the noisy mental representation of simple lotteries, based on other evidence regarding numerical cognition, and test its ability to explain the choice frequencies that we observe in a laboratory experiment.
In-hospital and 30-day mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in England before and after the COVID-19 era
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed O. , Kinnaird Tim , Curzen Nick , Ludman Peter , Wu Jianhua , Rashid Muhammad , Shoaib Ahmad , de Belder Mark , Deanfield John , Gale Chris P , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo examine short-term primary causes of death after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a national cohort before and during COVID-19.BackgroundPublic reporting of PCI outcomes is a performance metric and a requirement in many healthcare systems. There are inconsistent data on the causes of death after PCI, and what proportion of these are attributable to cardiac causes.MethodsAll patients undergoing PCI in England between 1st January 2017 and 10th May 2020 were retrospectively analysed (n=273,141), according to their outcome from the date of PCI; no death and in-hospital, post-discharge, and 30-day death.ResultsThe overall rates of in-hospital and 30-day death were 1.9% and 2.8%, respectively. The rate of 30-day death declined between 2017 (2.9%) and February 2020 (2.5%), mainly due to lower in-hospital death (2.1% vs. 1.5%), before rising again from 1st March 2020 (3.2%) due to higher rates of post-discharge mortality. Only 59.6% of 30-day deaths were due to cardiac causes, the most common being acute coronary syndrome, cardiogenic shock and heart failure, and this persisted throughout the study period. 10.4% of 30-day deaths after 1st March 2020 were due to confirmed COVID-19.ConclusionsIn this nationwide study, we show that 40% of 30-day deaths are due to non-cardiac causes. Non-cardiac deaths have increased even more from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, with one in ten deaths from March 2020 being COVID-19 related. These findings raise a question of whether public reporting of PCI outcomes should be cause-specific.
Patient characteristics and predictors of mortality in 470 adults admitted to a district general hospital in England with Covid-19
Authors: Thompson Joseph V , Meghani Nevan , Powell Bethan M , Newell Ian , Craven Roanna , Skilton Gemma , Bagg Lydia J , Yaqoob Irha , Dixon Michael J , Evans Eleanor J , Kambele Belina , Rehman Asif , Man Kwong Georges Ng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding risk factors for death in Covid-19 is key to providing good quality clinical care. Due to a paucity of robust evidence, we sought to assess the presenting characteristics of patients with Covid-19 and investigate factors associated with death.MethodsRetrospective analysis of adults admitted with Covid-19 to Royal Oldham Hospital, UK. Logistic regression modelling was utilised to explore factors predicting death.Results470 patients were admitted, of whom 169 (36%) died. The median age was 71 years (IQR 57–82), and 255 (54.3%) were men. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (n=218, 46.4%), diabetes (n=143, 30.4%) and chronic neurological disease (n=123, 26.1%). The most frequent complications were acute kidney injury (n=157, 33.4%) and myocardial injury (n=21, 4.5%). Forty-three (9.1%) patients required intubation and ventilation, and 39 (8.3%) received non-invasive ventilation Independent risk factors for death were increasing age (OR per 10 year increase above 40 years 1.87, 95% CI 1.57-2.27), hypertension (OR 1.72, 1.10-2.70), cancer (OR 2.20, 1.27-3.81), platelets <150×103/µL (OR 1.93, 1.13-3.30), C-reactive protein ≥100 µg/mL (OR 1.68, 1.05-2.68), >50% chest radiograph infiltrates, (OR 2.09, 1.16-3.77) and acute kidney injury (OR 2.60, 1.64-4.13). There was no independent association between death and gender, ethnicity, deprivation level, fever, SpO2/FiO2 (oxygen saturation index), lymphopenia or other comorbidities.ConclusionsWe characterised the ‘first wave’ of patients with Covid-19 in one of England’s highest incidence areas, determining which factors predict death. These findings will inform clinical and shared decision making, including the use of respiratory support and therapeutic agents.SummaryIncreasing age, hypertension, cancer, platelets <150×103/µL, CRP≥100 µg/mL, >50% chest radiograph infiltrates, and acute kidney injury predict in-hospital death from Covid-19, whilst gender, ethnicity, deprivation level, fever, SpO2/FiO2 (oxygen saturation index), lymphopenia and other comorbidities do not.
High-resolution 3-D imaging for precise staging in malignant melanoma
Authors: Merz Simon F. , Jansen Philipp , Ulankiewicz Ricarda , Bornemann Lea , Schimming Tobias , Griewank Klaus , Cibir Zülal , Kraus Andreas , Stoffels Ingo , Aspelmeier Timo , Brandau Sven , Schadendorf Dirk , Hadaschik Eva , Ebel Gernot , Gunzer Matthias , Klode Joachim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh-resolution imaging of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) from melanoma patients is a crucial approach to specify staging and determine individuals requiring adjuvant treatment. Current histologic SLN analysis has the substantial drawback that only a small portion of the node is sampled while most of the tissue is discarded which might explain the high false-negative rate of SLN diagnosis. Therefore, we developed an algorithm-enhanced light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) approach to three-dimensionally reconstruct the entire SLN with the power to identify single tumor cells. We comprehensively quantified total tumor volume while simultaneously visualizing cellular and anatomical hallmarks of the associated SLN architecture. In a first-in-human prospective study (21 SLN from 11 melanoma patients), LSFM not only identified all metastases seen histologically, but additionally detected metastases not recognized by routine histology. Thus, our 3-D digital pathology approach can increase sensitivity and accuracy of SLN-metastasis detection and potentially alleviate the need for conventional histopathological assessment in the future.