bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, membrane topology and influence of cholesterol of the membrane proximal region: transmembrane helical anchor sequence of gp41 from HIV
Authors: Aisenbrey Christopher , Rifi Omar , Bechinger Burkhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring the first steps of HIV infection the Env subunit gp41 is thought to establish contact between the membranes and to be the main driver of fusion. Here we investigated in liquid crystalline membranes the structure and cholesterol recognition of constructs made of a gp41 external region carrying a cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus (CRAC) motif and a hydrophobic membrane anchoring sequence. CD- und ATR-FTIR spectroscopies indicate that the constructs adopt a high degree of helical secondary structure in membrane environments. Furthermore, 15N and 2H solid-state NMR spectra of gp41 polypeptides reconstituted into uniaxially oriented bilayers agree with the CRAC domain being an extension of the transmembrane helix. Upon addition of cholesterol the CRAC NMR spectra remain largely unaffected when being associated with the native gp41 transmembrane sequence but its topology changes when anchored in the membrane by a hydrophobic model sequence. The 2H solid-state NMR spectra of deuterated cholesterol are indicative of a stronger influence of the model sequence on this lipid when compared to the native gp41 sequence. These observations are suggestive of a strong coupling between the transmembrane and the membrane proximal region of gp41 possibly enforced by oligomerization of the transmembrane helical region.
Parallel modulation of intracortical excitability of somatosensory and visual cortex by the gonadal hormones estradiol and progesterone
Authors: Schloemer Nasim , Lenz Melanie , Tegenthoff Martin , Dinse Hubert R. , Höffken Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe levels of the gonadal hormones estradiol and progesterone vary throughout the menstrual cycle thereby affecting cognition, emotion, mood, and social behaviour. However, how these hormones modulate the balance of neural excitation and inhibition, which crucially regulate processing and plasticity, is not fully understood. We here used paired-pulse stimulation to investigate in healthy humans the action of low and high estradiol and progesterone on intracortical inhibition in somatosensory (SI) and visual cortex (V1). We found that paired-pulse suppression in both SI and VI depended on estradiol. During high estradiol levels, paired-pulse suppression was significantly reduced. No comparable effects were found for progesterone, presumably due to a confounding effect of estradiol. Also, no hormone level-depending effects were observed for single-pulse evoked SEPs (somatosensory evoked potentials) and VEPs (visual evoked potentials) indicating a specific hormonal action on intracortical processing. The results demonstrate that estradiol globally modulates the balance of excitation and inhibition of SI and VI cortex.
Improving skeleton algorithm for helping Caenorhabditis elegans trackers
Authors: Layana Castro Pablo E. , Puchalt Joan Carles , Sánchez-Salmerón Antonio-José 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the main problems when monitoring Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes (C. elegans) is tracking their poses by automatic computer vision systems. This is a challenge given the marked flexibility that their bodies present and the different poses that can be performed during their behaviour individually, which become even more complicated when worms aggregate with others while moving. This work proposes a simple solution by combining some computer vision techniques to help to determine certain worm poses and to identify each one during aggregation or in coiled shapes. This new method is based on the distance transformation function to obtain better worm skeletons. Experiments were performed with 205 plates, each with 10, 15, 30, 60 or 100 worms, which totals 100,000 worm poses approximately. A comparison of the proposed method was made to a classic skeletonisation method to find that 2196 problematic poses had improved by between 22% and 1% on average in the pose predictions of each worm.
Multifractal investigation of Ag/DLC nanocomposite thin films
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Astinchap Bandar , Abdolghaderi Senour , Shafiekhani Azizollah , Morozov Ilya A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is the experimental investigation of the silver in diamond-like carbon (Ag/DLC) nanocomposite prepared by the co-deposition of radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) and RF-sputtering. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction analyses, ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectroscopy measurements were applied to describe the three-dimensional surface texture data in connection with the statistical, and multifractal analyses. Additional information about structure–property relationships in prepared Ag/DLC nanocomposite was studied in detail to allow a better understanding of the surface micromorphology. The performed analysis revealed the studied samples have multifractal properties and can be included in novel algorithms for graphical representation of complex geometrical shapes and implemented in computer simulation algorithms.
Correlating work hardening with co-activation of stacking fault strengthening and transformation in a high entropy alloy using in-situ neutron diffraction
Authors: Frank M. , Nene S. S. , Chen Y. , Gwalani B. , Kautz E. J. , Devaraj A. , An K. , Mishra R. S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransformation induced plasticity (TRIP) leads to enhancements in ductility in low stacking fault energy (SFE) alloys, however to achieve an unconventional increase in strength simultaneously, there must be barriers to dislocation motion. While stacking faults (SFs) contribute to strengthening by impeding dislocation motion, the contribution of SF strengthening to work hardening during deformation is not well understood; as compared to dislocation slip, twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) and TRIP. Thus, we used in-situ neutron diffraction to correlate SF strengthening to work hardening behavior in a low SFE Fe40Mn20Cr15Co20Si5 (at%) high entropy alloy, SFE ~ 6.31 mJ m−2. Cooperative activation of multiple mechanisms was indicated by increases in SF strengthening and γ-f.c.c. → ε-h.c.p. transformation leading to a simultaneous increase in strength and ductility. The present study demonstrates the application of in-situ, neutron or X-ray, diffraction techniques to correlating SF strengthening to work hardening.
Protease-activated receptor-2 ligands reveal orthosteric and allosteric mechanisms of receptor inhibition
Authors: Kennedy Amanda J. , Sundström Linda , Geschwindner Stefan , Poon Eunice K. Y. , Jiang Yuhong , Chen Rongfeng , Cooke Rob , Johnstone Shawn , Madin Andrew , Lim Junxian , Liu Qingqi , Lohman Rink-Jan , Nordqvist Anneli , Fridén-Saxin Maria , Yang Wenzhen , Brown Dean G. , Fairlie David P. , Dekker Niek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProtease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) has been implicated in multiple pathophysiologies but drug discovery is challenging due to low small molecule tractability and a complex activation mechanism. Here we report the pharmacological profiling of a potent new agonist, suggested by molecular modelling to bind in the putative orthosteric site, and two novel PAR2 antagonists with distinctly different mechanisms of inhibition. We identify coupling between different PAR2 binding sites. One antagonist is a competitive inhibitor that binds to the orthosteric site, while a second antagonist is a negative allosteric modulator that binds at a remote site. The allosteric modulator shows probe dependence, more effectively inhibiting peptide than protease activation of PAR2 signalling. Importantly, both antagonists are active in vivo, inhibiting PAR2 agonist-induced acute paw inflammation in rats and preventing activation of mast cells and neutrophils. These results highlight two distinct mechanisms of inhibition that potentially could be targeted for future development of drugs that modulate PAR2.
Personalized immunoglobulin aptamers for detection of multiple myeloma minimal residual disease in serum
Authors: Tapia-Alveal Claudia , Olsen Timothy R. , Worgall Tilla S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplasm of plasma cells that secrete patient specific monoclonal immunoglobulins. A recognized problem in MM treatment is the early recognition of minimal residual disease (MRD), the major cause of relapse. Current MRD detection methods (multiparameter flow cytometry and next generation sequencing) are based on the analysis of bone marrow plasma cells. Both methods cannot detect extramedullary disease and are unsuitable for serial measurements. We describe the methodology to generate high affinity DNA aptamers that are specific to a patient’s monoclonal Fab region. Such aptamers are 2000-fold more sensitive than immunofixation electrophoresis and enabled detection and quantification of MRD in serum when conventional MRD methods assessed complete remission. The aptamer isolation process that requires small volumes of serum is automatable, and Fab specific aptamers are adaptable to multiple diagnostic formats including point-of-care devices.
Deciphering the unusual fluorescence in weakly coupled bis-nitro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles
Authors: Poronik Yevgen M. , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Deperasińska Irena , Espinoza Eli M. , Clark John A. , Ågren Hans , Gryko Daniel T. , Vullev Valentine I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElectron-deficient π-conjugated functional dyes lie at the heart of organic optoelectronics. Adding nitro groups to aromatic compounds usually quenches their fluorescence via inter-system crossing (ISC) or internal conversion (IC). While strong electronic coupling of the nitro groups with the dyes ensures the benefits from these electron-withdrawing substituents, it also leads to fluorescence quenching. Here, we demonstrate how such electronic coupling affects the photophysics of acceptor–donor–acceptor fluorescent dyes, with nitrophenyl acceptors and a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole donor. The position of the nitro groups and the donor-acceptor distance strongly affect the fluorescence properties of the bis-nitrotetraphenylpyrrolopyrroles. Concurrently, increasing solvent polarity quenches the emission that recovers upon solidifying the media. Intramolecular charge transfer (CT) and molecular dynamics, therefore, govern the fluorescence of these nitro-aromatics. While balanced donor-acceptor coupling ensures fast radiative deactivation and slow ISC essential for large fluorescence quantum yields, vibronic borrowing accounts for medium dependent IC via back CT. These mechanistic paradigms set important design principles for molecular photonics and electronics.
Conformational changes in hydroxyl functional groups upon hydration: the case study of endo fenchol
Authors: Neeman Elias M. , Huet Thérèse R. 
Published: December 2020

Water was found to alter the OH arrangement of a biogenic volatile organic compound. The hydration of endo-fenchol has been studied in the gas phase using a combination of Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.
Description du processus éducationnel mis en place par les infirmières auprès de personnes avec la dystrophie myotonique de type 1
Authors: Lavoie Mélissa , Gallagher Frances , Chouinard Maud-Christine 
Published: December 2020

Introduction : Les personnes avec la dystrophie myotonique de type 1 (DM1) présentent des atteintes multisystémiques. Elles doivent réaliser plusieurs apprentissages pour assurer l’autogestion de leur santé. Cependant, les infirmières œuvrant auprès d’elles rapportent que leurs interventions éducatives sont peu efficaces. But : Décrire le processus éducationnel mis en place par les infirmières auprès des personnes avec la DM1 ainsi que les facteurs l’ayant influencé. Méthode : Une recherche formative [QUAL + quan] a été réalisée auprès d’infirmières (n = 3) et de personnes avec la DM1 (n = 30) à partir d’observations non participantes et d’entrevues individuelles. Résultats : Les infirmières ont réalisé des interventions éducatives à l’intérieur d’un suivi annuel. Les objectifs qu’elles ont poursuivis étaient davantage axés sur l’évaluation de la condition de la personne. Le choix des stratégies éducatives utilisées par les infirmières ont reposé sur les caractéristiques de cette population afin de soutenir leur pouvoir d’agir. Plusieurs barrières liées à la personne avec DM1 (ex. atteinte des fonctions exécutives) et à l’organisation des soins et des services (ex. temps dédié aux interventions éducatives limité) ont été observées dans la mise en œuvre du processus éducationnel. Les compétences éducationnelles ont été un facteur facilitant associé à l’infirmière. Conclusion : Pour un processus éducationnel optimal, celui-ci doit être structuré, planifié et adapté aux caractéristiques des personnes avec la DM1.
Update: Selective adrenal venous sampling (AVS) – Indication, technique, and significance
Authors: Loberg Christina , Antoch Gerald , Stegbauer Johannes , Dringenberg Till , Steuwe Andrea , Fürst Günter , Haase Matthias , Rump Lars Christian , Schimmöller Lars 
Published: December 2020

Background Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common detectable cause of secondary hypertension. The majority of patients have either an adrenal aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) demanding different therapeutic approaches. Screening tests and imaging cannot reliably distinguish between a unilateral or bilateral PA.
Methods This review article gives an overview concerning etiology, diagnostics, and therapeutic options of PA, and reviews the indication, the technique, and relevance of selective adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in the context of the current literature and the authors’ experience.
Results AVS can verify or exclude a unilaterally dominated secretion with a high success rate. Patients with PA and a unilateral APA can be treated curatively by adrenalectomy.
Conclusions AVS is an established diagnostic examination for differentiation of unilateral from bilateral adrenal disease in patients with PA.
Key Points:

Citation Format
Análisis bibliométrico del balance vida/trabajo en mujeres médicas
Authors: Solano Catalina , López Beatriz Johanna Vega , Parra Adriana Chaves , Ospino Catalina Osorio , Malaver Lisset Fernanda Arroyo , Carvajal Luisana Castillo , Saavedra Daisy Ximena Roa 
Published: December 2020

Resumen
Objetivo Realizar un análisis bibliométrico para conocer las tendencias de publicación en calidad de vida y balance vida/trabajo de mujeres médicas.
Métodos Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico retrospectivo de la literatura médica disponible desde 1996 hasta 2019 en la base de datos de MEDLINE, utilizando las herramientas estadísticas de FABUMED y PubReminer para la obtención de la información de las variables. Se utilizó el Journal Citation Reports 2017/2018 para el factor de impacto y el programa de software VOSviewer para el análisis de mapeo bibliométrico.
Resultados De un total de 204 referencias en 115 revistas, se presentó un crecimiento del 70,5% de las publicaciones los últimos años. El país, revista e institución con mayor número de manuscritos fue Estados Unidos (22.5%), Acad Med (4.9%) con factor de impacto de 4,9 years Harvard medical School, respectivamente. El autor con mayor número de artículos fue Nomura K con 6 publicaciones y un HI de 21. El mapeo y análisis de las evoluciones de las palabras clave con respecto a la línea de tiempo, se centró principalmente en: balance vida –trabajo, sexismo, liderazgo mentoría, mujeres cirujanas.

Conclusiones Las publicaciones sobre el tema balance vida/trabajo se han incrementado, permitiendo visualizar esta problemática y quizá lograr un impacto en el diseño de estrategias que permitan una mejor calidad de vida especialmente a las mujeres, quienes siguen teniendo una alta exigencia y responsabilidad en su vida familiar y a su vez, barreras profesionales e inequidad laboral.
A polynomial algorithm for best-subset selection problem
Authors: Zhu Junxian , Wen Canhong , Zhu Jin , Zhang Heping , Wang Xueqin 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceBest-subset selection is a benchmark optimization problem in statistics and machine learning. Although many optimization strategies and algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem, our splicing algorithm, under reasonable conditions, enjoys the following properties simultaneously with high probability: 1) its computational complexity is polynomial; 2) it can recover the true subset; and 3) its solution is globally optimal.
Nursing home staff networks and COVID-19
Authors: Chen M. Keith , Chevalier Judith A. , Long Elisa F. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Nursing homes account for 40% of US COVID-related fatalities as of August 31, highlighting the urgent need to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes in these facilities. Our large-scale analysis of smartphone location data reports half a million individuals entering a nursing home following the March 13 federal ban on visitors. With 5.1% of these individuals entering two or more facilities, a nursing home snapshot network emerges. More connections, likely arising from contractors and staff working at multiple facilities, are highly predictive of COVID-19 cases, whereas traditional regulatory quality metrics are unimportant in predicting outbreak size. With an estimated 49% of nursing home cases attributable to cross-facility staff movement, attention to highly connected nursing facilities is warranted.
Heading perception depends on time-varying evolution of optic flow
Authors: Burlingham Charlie S. , Heeger David J. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Instantaneous optic flow, image velocity across the visual field, contains information about self-motion (heading). Indeed, computer vision algorithms estimate heading from instantaneous optic flow accurately despite co-occurring rotation. Similarly, the consensus in perceptual psychology is that instantaneous optic flow suffices for heading perception. But as we navigate through the world, visual motion evolves over time. We generated videos showing either an evolving or nonevolving view of navigation through a virtual world. The nonevolving view was insufficient for accurate heading perception in the presence of rotation. Rather, accurate performance relied on time-evolving optic flow. This suggests that most existing models of heading perception are incorrect. We hypothesize that heading perception is based on optic acceleration, the temporal derivative of optic flow.
Who do you hang out with?
Authors: Xie Yushan , Liu Yongcan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social interactions that take place during study abroad in linguistically rich settings are important for oral proficiency
development; however, few studies have explicitly examined the underlying network structure of students’ social experiences in study abroad
contexts and its role in oral proficiency development. This mixed-methods research examined the relationship between self-reported social
network structures and self-perceived English oral proficiency gains among 88 Chinese international students at a UK university. While the
majority of participants’ networks consisted of Chinese-speaking peers, most of them managed to develop strong and frequent relations with
English-speaking peers. Students reported gains in oral proficiency, especially in areas related to language use that require higher levels
of proficiency. Diverse networks with significant and high-frequency English-speaking relationships were more likely to be associated with
L2 oral proficiency gains, while dense networks with only frequent and strong in-group relationships could potentially limit L2
development.
Conceptualizing Protective Family Context and its Effect on Substance Use: Comparisons across Diverse Ethnic-Racial Youth
Authors: Constante Kevin , Huntley Edward D. , Si Yajuan , Schillinger Emma , Wagner Christine , Keating Daniel P. 
Published: December 2020

Background Although family behaviors are known to be important for buffering youth against substance use, research in this area often evaluates a particular type of family interaction and how it shapes adolescents’ behaviors, when it is likely that youth experience the co-occurrence of multiple types of family behaviors that may be protective. Methods The current study ( N = 1716, 10th and 12th graders, 55% female) examined associations between protective family context, a latent variable comprised of five different measures of family behaviors, and past 12 months substance use: alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and e-cigarettes. Results A multi-group measurement invariance assessment supported protective family context as a coherent latent construct with partial (metric) measurement invariance among Black, Latinx, and White youth. A multi-group path model indicated that protective family context was significantly associated with less substance use for all youth, but of varying magnitudes across ethnic-racial groups. Conclusion These results emphasize the importance of evaluating psychometric properties of family-relevant latent variables on the basis of group membership in order to draw appropriate inferences on how such family variables relate to substance use among diverse samples.
Enhancing the accuracy of in-process springback measurements of complex tube bending processes using cost-effective embedded sensors
Authors: Ghiotti Andrea , Simonetto Enrico , Bruschi Stefania , Savio Enrico 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Geometrical errors due to springback are the main causes of variability in bending of thin-walled tubular profiles. This limits the process capability and determines an increase of the overall production costs due to both scrap or rework, and to the quality control operations. Despite the evolution of bending processes in the last decade, with the adoption of full-electric, highly automated CNC machines, the workpieces’ geometry is usually still verified off-line downstream from the forming stage. This paper presents an innovative on-machine, integrated measuring approach for fast in-process inspection of bent tube geometrical features through cost-effective micro-electromechanical system inertial measurement sensors. These embedded sensors are affected by systematic errors due to both measuring principle and process-related effects; therefore a methodology to correct such errors is proposed. Error compensation is applied to drift and cross-axis sensor errors, as well as to mandrel kinematics and wear effects. An additional sensing system, placed on the tube end for monitoring of the metrological performances and to enabe quick adjustments, is also presented. The results of the validation tests highlight how the proposed system can be used to measure on-machine the final workpiece angle. The final mean absolute errors, for bending angles between 15° and 90°, were, respectively, 0.03° and 0.1° for the sensors embedded in the mandrel and on the tube end depending on the configuration, which are lower than the maximum deviations actually accepted in such processes. However, the performance of the former can be further improved by the proposed periodic quick adjustment procedure. The newly developed on-machine metrology solution enables not only a shortening of the quality control chain, but also significant economic benefits, and a case study is documented.