bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a large-mode-area pixeled leakage channel fiber with an ultrahigh loss ratio for 2  µm operation
Authors: Xing Zhen , Wang Xin , Lou Shuqin , Zhang Wan , Tang Zijuan , Jia Haoqiang 
Published: July 2020

A novel bend-resistant large mode area fiber with pixeled structure and leakage channel is proposed for application with a tight bend radius at the 2 µm wavelength region. Two layers of discontinuous fluorine-doped silica rods, which are called pixels, are introduced in the cladding. By removing four pixels, the loss of high-order modes is enhanced significantly due to the leakage channel. Bend properties of the fiber are investigated thoroughly by numerical simulations. As a result, a robust single-mode operation is obtained with an ultrahigh loss ratio (the minimum loss of high-order modes to the loss of fundamental mode) exceeding

3

×

10

5

when the fiber is bent with a tight radius as 10 cm. The effective mode area can reach

1764

µ

m

2

. In addition, the fiber can keep high performance within a broad waveband from 1.75 to 2.15 µm. Large mode area and robust single-mode operation with a tight bend radius make this fiber beneficial to the development of 2 µm miniaturized fiber lasers.
Mapping Isu Jurnal Berbasis Pengarusutamaan Gender dan HAM Pada Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia
Authors: Witriani Witriani , Kusuma Bayu Mitra A. 
Published: July 2020

Isu tentang relasi Islam dengan gender dan HAM adalah persoalan praksis yang perkembangannya dapat disaksikan melalui berbagai saluran, salah satunya adalah jurnal ilmiah. Lewat jurnal ilmiah dapat diketahui update persoalan yang menjadi perhatian para akademisi di lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana isu-isu pengarusutamaan gender, HAM, dan Islam dapat terangkum dalam sejumlah jurnal seperti Jurnal Musawa, Jurnal Perempuan, dan berbagai jurnal dalam Directory Open Access Journal (DOAJ) yang mencerminkan persoalan-persoalan kontemporer masyarakat. Secara khusus penelitian ini juga menghasilkan pemahaman strategis pengelolaan jurnal ilmiah agar dapat menyesuaikan fungsinya sebagai media diseminasi akademik dengan perkembangan dunia keilmuan mutakhir yang bergerak cepat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil pemetaan dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa relasi perempuan dengan persoalan hukum, kekerasan, dan politik menjadi perhatian utama dari para akademisi. Munculnya isu-isu tersebut terlihat lebih dari sekedar respon pada berbagai ketidakadilan serta pelanggaran HAM terhadap perempuan dan anak yang terjadi di Indonesia. Selain ketiga isu di atas, isu-isu lain yang muncul dengan intensitas tinggi dan merata di setiap jurnal adalah pernikahan anak, feminisme dalam bentuk gerakan perempuan, kepemimpinan perempuan, ataupun positioning perempuan dalam kearifan lokal.[The issue of the relationship between Islam with the gender and human rights is a matter of praxis whose development can be witnessed through various channels, one of which is a scientific journal. Through scientific journals, the issues that are of concern to academics in the university environment are recognized. This study aims to analyze the extent to which issues of mainstreaming gender, human rights, and Islam can be summarized in the Jurnal Musawa, Jurnal Perempuan, and various journals in the Directory Open Access Journal (DOAJ) which also reflect the contemporary problems of society. Specifically, this research also produced a strategic understanding for the management of scientific journals in order to be able to adjust its function as a medium for academic dissemination with the latest developments in the fast-moving scientific world. This study is qualitative research by descriptive approach. The results of mapping and analysis show that the relation of women with legal, violence, and political issues is the main concern of academics. The emergence of these issues is seen as more than just a response to various injustices and human rights violations against women and children that occurred in Indonesia. In addition to the three issues above, other issues that emerge with high intensity and are evenly distributed in each journal are child marriage, feminism in the form of women’s movements, women’s leadership, or women’s positioning in local wisdom.]
Tranformasi Dakwah Nahdhatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah: Dari Subordinasi Menuju Emansipasi
Authors: Halim Abdul , Maulana Luthfi 
Published: July 2020

Tranformasi merupakan terjadinya perubahan dari sebuah bentuk ke bentuk yang lain, baik dilakukan oleh indvidu maupun kelompok tertentu. Terjadinya tranformasi biasanya disebabkan oleh suatu kebutuhan yang mengharuskan tranformasi tersebut harus dilakukan. Dalam kaitannya dengan tranformasi dakwah Nahdhatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah, sejauh ini terdapat dinamika keputusan dakwah keduanya yang berhubungan dengan fatwa-fatwanya. Menggunakan pendekatan studi pustaka yang fokus pada hasil kajian fatwa yang dihasilkan oleh kedua organisasi, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dari hasil perkembangan dakwah keduanya, terdapat proses transformasi fatwa, terutama pada masalah fatwa-fatwa hukum yang berkaitan dengan sikap kedua organisasi terhadap perempuan. Kedua organisasi massa ini mengalami tranformasi fatwa dari sikapnya yang cenderung subordinatif berkembang menuju keputusan-keputusan hukumnya yang bersifat emansipatif, yang mendukung peran dan hak-hak perempuan di ranah publik.[Transformation is a change from one form to another by both individuals and certain groups. The transformation is usually caused by a need that requires the transformation to be done. In relation to the dakwah transformation of Nahdhatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, so far there are dynamics of organization decision related to their fatwas. Using a literary study approach that focuses on the results of fatwas produced by the two organizations, this study found that from the results of the development of dakwah of both organization, there was a process of transformation of fatwas, especially on the issue of legal fatwas related to the attitudes of the two organizations towards women. Both mass organizations undergo a fatwa transformation from subordinating attitude into emancipatory decisions which support the role and rights of women in the public sphere.]
Implementasi Uqubat Cambuk Terhadap Wanita Hamil (Penelitian di Wilayah Hukum Kejaksaan Negeri Banda Aceh dan Kejaksaan Aceh Besar)
Authors: Savana Dikha , Din Mohd. , Bakar Ali Abu 
Published: July 2020

Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat dan Qanun Aceh Nomor 7 Tahun 2013 tentang Hukum Acara Jinayat adalah hukum positif yang berlaku di Propinsi Aceh. Salah satu yang menarik dalam penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan hukum uqubat, yaitu hukum cambuk bagi wanita hamil yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa implementasi, menjelaskan kendala dan hambatan implementasi Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat, terhadap pelaku jarimah yang hamil. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian menunjukan bahwa implementasi pelaksanaan ‘uqubat bagi wanita hamil tidak dapat dilaksanakan,karena beberapa hal, antara lain sesuai dengan ketentuan pada Pasal 26 Qanun Nomor 7 Tahun 2013 masa penahanan hanya 30 hari. Sementara itu belum ada aturan yang lebih khusus dalam hal pemeriksaan bahwa terdakwa terbukti hamil, berupa surat atau alat bukti petunjuk dari ahli (dokter) yang berupa USG, yang menjadi pertimbangan hakim dalam penundaan eksekusi cambuk tersebut. Untuk itu perlu adanya kajian yang lebih komprehensif terhadap pelaksanaan ‘uqubat cambuk khusunya aturan yang mengatur lebih lanjut tentang ‘uqubat cambuk bagi wanita yang sedang hamil dalam Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Jinayat.[Qanun ACEH Number 6 year 2014 about Jinayat and Qanun ACEH Law number 7 year 2013 about Jinayat event law is a positive law in Aceh province. One of the interesting thing in this study is the implementation of the law Uqubat, a law of whip for pregnant women who have had a fixed legal force. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the implementation, explaining the constraints and obstacles to implement ACEH Qanun Number 6 year 2014 about Jinayat law, to the perpetrator of the pregnant jarimah. By using qualitative method, research indicates that implementation of ‘ Uqubat for pregnant women can not be implemented, because several things, among others , according to the provisions of article 26 Qanun number 7 year 2013, the detention period is only 30 days. Meanwhile, there is no specific rules in the case of the examination that the defendant proved to be pregnant, in the form of a letter or a means of evidence from USG, as the proof for the judge to consider the (delayed) execution of the whip. Thus, it is necessary to have a more comprehensive study on the implementation of the ‘Uqubat whip especially the rules that govern more about ‘Uqubat whip for women who are pregnant in Qanun number 6 year 2014 about Jinayat.]
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Right to a Fair Trial: Towards a Robot Judge?
Authors: Ulenaers Jasper 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper seeks to examine the potential influences AI may have on the right to a fair trial when it is used in the courtroom. Essentially, AI systems can assume two roles in the courtroom. On the one hand, “AI assistants” can support judges in their decision-making process by predicting and preparing judicial decisions; on the other hand, “robot judges” can replace human judges and decide cases autonomously in fully automated court proceedings. Both roles will be tested against the requirements of the right to a fair trial as protected by Article 6 ECHR.
An important element in this test is the role that a human judge plays in legal proceedings. As the justice system is a social process, the AI assistant is preferred to a situation in which a robot judge would completely replace human judges. Based on extensive literature, various examples and case studies, this paper concludes that the use of AI assistants can better serve legitimacy and guarantee a fair trial.
On the Effectiveness of Self-Training in MOOC Dropout Prediction
Authors: Goel Yamini , Goyal Rinkaj 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMassive open online courses (MOOCs) have gained enormous popularity in recent years and have attracted learners worldwide. However, MOOCs face a crucial challenge in the high dropout rate, which varies between 91%-93%. An interplay between different learning analytics strategies and MOOCs have emerged as a research area to reduce dropout rate. Most existing studies use click-stream features as engagement patterns to predict at-risk students. However, this study uses a combination of click-stream features and the influence of the learner’s friends based on their demographics to identify potential dropouts. Existing predictive models are based on supervised learning techniques that require the bulk of hand-labelled data to train models. In practice, however, scarcity of massive labelled data makes training difficult. Therefore, this study uses self-training, a semi-supervised learning model, to develop predictive models. Experimental results on a public data set demonstrate that semi-supervised models attain comparable results to state-ofthe-art approaches, while also having the flexibility of utilizing a small quantity of labelled data. This study deploys seven well-known optimizers to train the self-training classifiers, out of which, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) outperformed others with the value of F1 score at 94.29%, affirming the relevance of this exposition.
On the spallation of oxide scales in high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) hot-rolled steels
Authors: Garza-Montes-de-Oca Nelson F. , Treviño-Cubero Arnulfo , Ramírez-Ramírez Javier H. , Pérez-González Francisco A. , Mercado-Solís Rafael D. , Colás Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, results on the causes that could promote the abnormal spallation of the oxides formed on the surface of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels are presented. By means of Rietveld refining of X-ray diffraction spectra, scanning electron microscopy analyses and calculations, it was found that the value of the thermal stress experienced by the oxide scale reached a maximum when the oxide scale was comprised by 65% wt magnetite Fe3O4 and 24% wt wustite FeO this, due to the incomplete transformation of the latter phase to Fe3O4 and α-Fe from cooling from 670 °C to ambient temperature. Contrarily, it was found that when a balance in the amount of Fe3O4 and FeO was 46.4 and 46.5%wt respectively, the calculated thermal stress was reduced, and oxide spallation was not that severe. The reasons for oxide scale detachment from the surface of the steels are explained in terms of the adhesion energy of the bulk oxide scale, the amount of magnetite Fe3O4 present in the oxides and the chemical composition of the steel particularly the elements chromium and titanium.
Perinatal severe hypophosphatasia: a case report
Authors: Grace Livera , Surya Raymond 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Hypophosphatasia is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder characterized by low serum alkaline phosphatase activity. It is caused by mutations in the ALPL gene, which encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) [1], [2], [3]. The degree of skeletal malformation varies, but the severe form carries a very poor prognosis.

Case presentation
This study reports a male neonate diagnosed with infantile hypophosphatasia (HPP). Genetic analysis showed two heterozygous missense variants at nucleotides c.977G>T (protein Gly326Val) and c.862+4A>G (IVS8+4A>G) (protein NA). The two mutations originated separately from the parents, consistent with autosomal recessive infantile HPP. The pathogenic variant was ALPL exon-9-heterozygous, and the other allele was ALPL IVS8-heterozygous, a variant of uncertain significance.

Conclusions
This case of infantile HPP was caused by two heterozygous mutations. One of those is a novel genetic mutation needed for further study. Genetic consultation is recommended for future offspring of affected parents.
Building the First Business Relationships: Incubatees in University Business Incubators (UBIs)
Authors: Redondo María , Camarero Carmen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
University Business Incubators (UBIs) are ideal spaces for supporting and developing novice entrepreneurs and their businesses. In the current study, we explore whether such incubators can also be considered an ideal space for building dyadic relationships between incubatees based on trust and knowledge exchange, and whether this can encourage commitment in the relationship. To this end, we propose that the perception of shared values from the academic world may foster such trust. Furthermore, perceiving there may be supplementary and complementary resources encourages the exchange of knowledge, the specific resource on which UBI businesses are based. At the same time, empathy between academic incubatees leads to relational commitment being reinforced.
Soil carbon stock and nutrient characteristics ofSenna siameagrove in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana
Authors: Logah Vincent , Tetteh Erasmus Narteh , Adegah Ebenezer Yao , Mawunyefia Justice , Ofosu Emmanuel Aburam , Asante Derrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report soil carbon stock (SCS) and nutrient characteristics of a pure stand ofSenna siameagrove in comparison with adjacent cropland usingt-test. This study was conducted in 2018 at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi. Soil sampling up to 50 cm depth was carried out from five subplots in each ecosystem. The SCS of the grove at 0–15 cm depth was over 100% greater (30.78 Mg/ha) than that of the cropland (15.16 Mg/ha). Soil pH and total N content of the grove were 5.75 ± 1.22 and 0.10 ± 0.03% in the topsoil (0–15 cm) and 5.52 ± 0.80, 0.06 ± 0.01% and 5.03 ± 1.22, 0.04 ± 0.01% in the 15–30 and 30–50 cm depths, respectively. Although these values were greater in the grove than the cropland, the available phosphorus content was 3–4 fold greater in the latter soil. The two ecosystems affected soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents significantly (p< 0.05) only in the topsoil, but had a significant influence on soil available phosphorus in both the topsoil and the subsoil. Sand content of the grove seemed to explain greater variability in its SCS (R2= 0.81) than clay content. The greater SCS of theSennagrove demonstrates its role in soil carbon storage in tropical climate in the era of climate change.
Access-to-Justice Reforms: A Brazilian Case Study of Bank Litigation Related to Heterodox Economic Plans
Authors: Refosco Helena C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Between 2003 and 2016, Brazil carried out a World Bank-inspired “rule-of-law” reform that has failed to substantially increase access to justice. To buttress such a disheartening conclusion, this paper includes a case study of Brazil’s biggest litigation ever, which centered on the losses that bank customers had incurred because of heterodox national economic plans implemented in the late 1980s and early 1990s. By showing that the system of binding precedents consolidated in the reform ended up favoring “repeat players” over “one-shotters” in this litigation, this paper seeks to explain how institutional reforms that fail to tackle deep inequalities may backfire.
Is the International Community Ready for the Next Pandemic Wave? A Legal Analysis of the Preparedness Rules Codified in Universal Instruments and of their Impact in the Light of the COVID-19 Experience
Authors: de Guttry Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The international community generally recognizes the importance of adopting adequate, timely and continuously updated prevention measures to reduce the risk of global health emergencies and pandemics. Nevertheless, as demonstrated by COVID-19, with its assumed mutation capacity, even the most sophisticated preventive measures cannot avoid the spread of new diseases. States are expected, therefore, to adopt specific preparedness measures to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely pandemics. These measures have gained increasing interest in many treaties all over the world. The present article investigates the international obligations codified in universal instruments related to the adoption of preparedness measures for potential pandemics. Carefully examining relevant international treaties as well as emerging soft-law instruments, it will attempt to answer a pertinent question that has been raised time and again in the past and continues to be raised during the current COVID-19 crisis: are the existing preparedness measures still relevant and adequate or have they become obsolete or misleading? Since more COVID-19 viral waves are expected to arrive in the next months, the urgency of adopting adequate preparedness measures is even more evident. Moreover, the article analyses the current worldwide challenges related to the national implementation of preparedness measures. Considering the innovative drugs and diagnostics that are currently available, and that we can count on new technology platforms that significantly reduce the time needed to develop vaccines, it argues that inaction can no longer be justified, whether in legal, political or moral terms.
Mathematical modeling of the frequencies of letters for their occurrence in corpora, words (types) and in the initial positions of words of corpora
Authors: Pande Hemlata 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the present paper an attempt has been made to determine the mathematical model for the frequencies of occurrence of letters in the corpora, in the word types of the corpora and in the initial positions of words of the corpora while both the word tokens and word types have been taken into account. In the current study corpora written in American English have been used by the selection of the entities from ‘The Open American National Corpus (OANC)’.
Adsorption dynamics of phenol by crab shell chitosan
Authors: Francis Asokogene Oluwadayo , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad , Muhammad Idris Misau , Abdulsalam Surajudeen , El-Nafaty Usman Aliyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The performance of crab shell chitosan (600 µm) as prospective adsorbent for phenol removal was studied in dynamics mode. The chitosan adsorbent had specific surface area of 191 m2/g and showed the surface characteristics linked to amine/amide groups. The effects of operating conditions on phenol adsorption at different concentrations (100 and 200 mg/L), flow rates (2.17 and 2.90 mL/min) and bed heights (1.75 and 3.5 cm) were evaluated. Results showed that the maximum phenol adsorption capacity by the crab shell chitosan was recorded at 190 mg/g. Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and Adam–Bohart models displayed good correlation with experimental data, hence best described the dynamics breakthrough of phenol removal. External and internal diffusion were the rate controlling mechanism, while the entire system was predominated by a simultaneous steady state process of intraparticle diffusion and ionic interactions. The crab shell chitosan shows a promising potential as adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
Dynamic Simulation of Eastern Regional Grid of India using Power System Simulator for Engineering PSS®E
Authors: Gogoi Kamaljyoti , Chatterjee Saibal 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Eastern Regional (ER) grid of India is one of the five regional grids consisting of voltage level 765 kV, 400 kV, 220 kV and numerous buses at lower voltage range. ER grid is the backbone of the Indian Grid as it is one of the main power generating hubs. Stability of the Indian Grid depends a lot on ER grid as it is the core of the generation and transmission system. For performing stability studies and to determine the weak area of the grid generally L-Index method is used. For detailed analysis like computation of voltage recovery time, maximum frequency deviation and critical clearing time of the buses of the system L-Index method is not suitable. Hence dynamic simulation is performed as it provides options to compute various parameters of ER Grid. The system has been studied using 197 buses of voltage levels 220 kV and above and transmission lines running over a length of 23,693 km. In this paper the power flow modelling, simulation and analysis of the Eastern Grid of India is performed. L-Index algorithm along with dynamic simulation provides the scope of computation of voltage recovery time, maximum frequency deviation and critical clearing time (by introducing an initial transient disturbance) along with the prediction of weak area of the system which gives a complete picture of transient stability of ER Grid.