bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary characterization of the immune response in pigs infected with Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Wang Nan , Bai Xue , Tang Bin , Yang Yong , Wang Xuelin , Zhu Hongfei , Luo Xuenong , Yan Hongbin , Jia Hong , Liu Mingyuan , Liu Xiaolei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTrichinellosis, which is caused by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), is a serious zoonosis. Pigs play an important role in the transmission of human trichinellosis. Characterizing the immune response to T. spiralis infection is key to elucidating host–parasite interactions. However, most studies on the immune response to T. spiralis infection have employed murine models. In this study, we investigated the immune response to T. spiralis infection in pigs. The results showed that the average numbers of larvae per gram (lpg) for the 100-muscle larvae (ML), 1000-ML, and 10 000-ML groups were 1.502, 35.947, and 398.811, respectively. The percentages of CD3+ T cells, B cells, CD4+ T cells, Treg cells, and Th17 cells were elevated in the infection groups compared to the control animals. In contrast, CD8+ T cell percentages were reduced after infection in the low-dose group. The number of neutrophils was increased at 3–17 days post-infection (dpi). Th1 cytokine IL-2 levels were significantly decreased at 7 dpi, and Th2 cytokine IL-4 levels were significantly elevated at 3 dpi. Treg cytokine IL-10 levels were significantly elevated between 7 dpi and 30 dpi. Th17 cytokine IL-17A levels were significantly increased beginning at 11 dpi. These results confirmed that pigs infected with T. spiralis predominantly induced Th2 and Treg immune responses, which suppress the Th1 immune responses. This study provides novel insights into the immune response of pigs infected with T. spiralis.
RNA N6-methyladenosine: a promising molecular target in metabolic diseases
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Jiawen , Huang Chunyan , Shen Meng , Zhan Huakui , Xu Keyang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractN6-methyladenosine is a prevalent and abundant transcriptome modification, and its methylation regulates the various aspects of RNAs, including transcription, translation, processing and metabolism. The methylation of N6-methyladenosine is highly associated with numerous cellular processes, which plays important roles in the development of physiological process and diseases. The high prevalence of metabolic diseases poses a serious threat to human health, but its pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent studies have reported that the progression of metabolic diseases is closely related to the expression of RNA N6-methyladenosine modification. In this review, we aim to summarize the biological and clinical significance of RNA N6-methyladenosine modification in metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and immune-related metabolic diseases.
The Green’s function of a class of two-term fractional differential equation boundary value problem and its applications
Authors: Wang Yongqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a Riemann–Liouville type two-term fractional differential equation boundary value problem. Some positive properties of the Green’s function are deduced by using techniques of analysis. As application, we obtain the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for a fractional boundary value problem under conditions that the nonlinearity$f(t,x)$f(t,x)may change sign and may be singular at$t = 0,1$t=0,1and$x=0$x=0, and we also obtain the uniqueness results of positive solution for a singular problem by means of the monotone iterative technique.
Copper exposure in medieval and post-medieval Denmark and northern Germany: its relationship to residence location and social position
Authors: Rasmussen Kaare Lund , Milner George R. , Delbey Thomas , Skytte Lilian , Søvsø Morten , Callesen Frederik , Boldsen Jesper Lier 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For medieval and post-medieval Denmark and northern Germany, trace elements can potentially contribute to our understanding of diet, migration, social status, exposure to urban settings, and disease treatment. Copper, of particular interest as a marker of access to everyday metal items, can be used to clarify socioeconomic distinctions between and within communities. Postmortem alteration of bone (diagenesis), however, must be ruled out before the elements can be used to characterize life in the past. Femoral cortical bone samples of ca. 40 mg were thoroughly decontaminated, and the concentrations of Al, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, As, Sr, Ba, and Pb were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentrations of these elements were quantified in bone samples from 553 skeletons from 9 rural and urban cemeteries, and 34 soil samples obtained near three burials. Copper, the primary element of interest in this work, is generally absent from the femoral cortical bone of rural people, although it occurs in high concentrations in the skeletons of the inhabitants of towns. The Cu in medieval to post-medieval bones likely originated from everyday objects, notably kitchen utensils. A rural to urban distinction in Cu concentrations, found repeatedly at two sites, likely resulted from differential access to much-desired, although still utilitarian, household items. An uneven distribution of metal objects used in domestic contexts, demonstrated through bone chemistry, was greater between rural and urban communities than it was within urban centres, at least among the socioeconomic positions sampled in this study.
Characteristics of fever and response to antipyretic therapy in military personnel with adenovirus-positive community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Yoo Hongseok , Oh Jimi , Park Chul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
In 2014, an outbreak of adenoviral pneumonia occurred in the Korean military training center. However, there are limited data on the characteristics of the fever and its response to antipyretic therapy in immunocompetent adults with adenovirus-positive community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods
The medical records of the patients who were admitted to the Armed Forces Chuncheon Hospital for the treatment of CAP between January 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups, namely, the adenovirus-positive (Adv) group, the adenovirus-negative (Non-Adv) group and the unknown pathogen group, according to the results of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and sputum culture used to measure adenovirus and other bacteria or viruses in respiratory specimens. We evaluated and compared the demographics, clinicolaboratory findings and radiological findings upon admission between the two groups.

Results
Out of the 251 military personnel with CAP during the study periods, 67 were classified into the Adv group, while 134 were classified into the Non-Adv group and 50 were classified into the unknown pathogen group. The patients in the Adv group had a longer duration of fever after admission (3.2 ± 1.6 vs. 1.9 ± 1.2 vs. 2.2 ± 1.5 days, P = 0.018) and symptom onset (5.8 ± 2.2 vs. 3.9 ± 2.5 vs. 3.7 ± 2.0 days, P = 0.006) than patients in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups, respectively. The patients in the Adv group had a higher mean temperature at admission (37.8 ± 0.3 vs. 37.3 ± 0.3 vs. 37.3 ± 0.3, P = 0.005), and more patients were observed over 40 and 39 to 40(14.9% vs. 2.2% vs. 4.0%, 35.8% vs. 3.7% vs. 6.0%, P <  0.001) than those in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups, respectively. The Adv group more commonly had no response or exhibited adverse events after antipyretic treatment compared to the Non-Adv group (17.9% vs. 1.5%, 35.0% vs. 4.3%, P <  0.001, P = 0.05, respectively). In addition, the time from admission to overall clinical stabilization was significantly longer in the patients in the Adv group than in those in the Non-Adv group (4.3 ± 2.8 vs. 2.9 ± 1.8 days, P = 0.034, respectively). Furthermore, no significant difference in the length of hospital stay was observed between the two groups, and no patient died in either group.

Conclusion
In this study, Adv-positive CAP in immunocompetent military personnel patients had distinct fever characteristics and responses to antipyretic treatment.
Applied Sport Science for Male Age-Grade Rugby Union in England
Authors: Till Kevin , Weakley Jonathon , Read Dale B. , Phibbs Padraic , Darrall-Jones Josh , Roe Greg , Chantler Sarah , Mellalieu Stephen , Hislop Michael , Stokes Keith , Rock Andrew , Jones Ben 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRugby union (RU) is a skill-collision team sport played at junior and senior levels worldwide. Within England, age-grade rugby governs the participation and talent development of youth players. The RU player development pathway has recently been questioned, regarding player performance and well-being, which sport science research can address. The purpose of this review was to summarise and critically appraise the literature in relation to the applied sport science of male age-grade RU players in England focussing upon (1) match-play characteristics, (2) training exposures, (3) physical qualities, (4) fatigue and recovery, (5) nutrition, (6) psychological challenges and development, and (7) injury. Current research evidence suggests that age, playing level and position influence the match-play characteristics of age-grade RU. Training exposures of players are described as ‘organised chaos’ due to the multiple environments and stakeholders involved in coordinating training schedules. Fatigue is apparent up to 72 h post match-play. Well-developed physical qualities are important for player development and injury risk reduction. The nutritional requirements are high due to the energetic costs of collisions. Concerns around the psychological characteristics have also been identified (e.g. perfectionism). Injury risk is an important consideration with prevention strategies available. This review highlights the important multi-disciplinary aspects of sport science for developing age-grade RU players for continued participation and player development. The review describes where some current practices may not be optimal, provides a framework to assist practitioners to effectively prepare age-grade players for the holistic demands of youth RU and considers areas for future research.
Recent advances in high-throughput mass spectrometry that accelerates enzyme engineering for biofuel research
Authors: Fu Lihao , Zhang Jianzhi , Si Tong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnzymes play indispensable roles in producing biofuels, a sustainable and renewable source of transportation fuels. Lacking rational design rules, the development of industrially relevant enzyme catalysts relies heavily on high-throughput screening. However, few universal methods exist to rapidly characterize large-scale enzyme libraries. Therefore, assay development is necessary on an ad hoc basis to link enzyme properties to spectrophotometric signals and often requires the use of surrogate, optically active substrates. On the other hand, mass spectrometry (MS) performs label-free enzyme assays that utilize native substrates and is therefore generally applicable. But the analytical speed of MS is considered rate limiting, mainly due to the use of time-consuming chromatographic separation in traditional MS analysis. Thanks to new instrumentation and sample preparation methods, direct analyte introduction into a mass spectrometer without a prior chromatographic step can be achieved by laser, microfluidics, and acoustics, so that each sample can be analyzed within seconds. Here we review recent advances in MS platforms that improve the throughput of enzyme library screening and discuss how these advances can potentially facilitate biofuel research by providing high sensitivity, selectivity and quantitation that are difficult to obtain using traditional assays. We also highlight the limitations of current MS assays in studying biofuel-related enzymes and propose possible solutions.
Bendamustine With Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Systemic Light-Chain Amyloidosis: Results of a Phase II Study
Authors: Lentzsch Suzanne , Lagos Galina G. , Comenzo Raymond L. , Zonder Jeffrey A. , Osman Keren , Pan Samuel , Bhutani Divaya , Pregja Silva , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Landau Heather 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE No established treatments exist for relapsed/refractory systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Bendamustine has shown potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma. We conducted a phase II, multicenter trial to assess the efficacy and safety of bendamustine with dexamethasone (ben-dex) in patients with persistent or progressive AL amyloidosis after ≥ 1 prior therapy. METHODS The trial enrolled 31 patients who received bendamustine on days 1 and 2 (100 mg/m2 intravenously) with 40 mg of weekly dexamethasone in 28-day cycles until disease progression or up to 6 cycles after complete hematologic response. The primary objective was the rate of partial hematologic response (PR) or better. RESULTS Patients received a median of 4 cycles (range, 2-12 cycles) with 57% of patients achieving a PR or better (11% complete response, 18% very good PR). The overall organ response was 29% among the 24 patients who had measurable organ involvement. Treatment was well tolerated with no grade 5 treatment-related adverse events (AEs). Sixty-five percent of patients had a therapy-related grade 3-4 AE. The most common AEs included myelosuppression, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting. The median overall survival was 18.2 months (95% CI, 11.3 to 43.8 months), and hematologic response was associated with prolonged survival ( P = .0291). The median progression-free survival was 11.3 months (95% CI, 5.0 to 15.4 months). CONCLUSION Overall, ben-dex is a viable treatment option with substantial efficacy and limited toxicity for patients with pretreated AL amyloidosis who have limited therapeutic options. This trial was registered at (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01222260 ).
Clinical and Molecular Analysis in 2 Families With Novel Compound Heterozygous SBP2 (SECISBP2) Mutations
Authors: Fu Jiao , Korwutthikulrangsri Manassawee , Gönç E Nazli , Sillers Laura , Liao Xiao-Hui , Alikaşifoğlu Ayfer , Kandemir Nurgün , Menucci Maria Belen , Burman Kenneth D , Weiss Roy E , Dumitrescu Alexandra M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Context
Selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (SECISBP2, SBP2) is an essential factor for selenoprotein synthesis. Individuals with SBP2 defects have characteristic thyroid function test (TFT) abnormalities resulting from deficiencies in the selenoenzymes deiodinases. Eight families with recessive SBP2 gene mutations have been reported to date. We report 2 families with inherited defect in thyroid hormone metabolism caused by 4 novel compound heterozygous mutations in the SBP2 gene.

Case Descriptions
Probands 1 and 2 presented with growth and developmental delay. Both had characteristic TFT with high T4, low T3, high reverse T3, and normal or slightly elevated TSH. The coding region of the SBP2 gene was sequenced and analysis of in vitro translated wild-type and mutant SBP2 proteins was performed. Sequencing of the SBP2 gene identified novel compound heterozygous mutations resulting in mutant SBP2 proteins E679D and R197* in proband 1, and K682Tfs*2 and Q782* in proband 2. In vitro translation of the missense E679D demonstrated all four isoforms, whereas R197* had only 2 shorter isoforms translated from downstream ATGs, and Q782*, K682Tfs*2 expressed isoforms with truncated C-terminus. Reduction in serum glutathione peroxidase enzymatic activity was also demonstrated in both probands.

Conclusions
We report 2 additional families with mutations in the SBP2 gene, a rare inherited condition manifesting global selenoprotein deficiencies. Report of additional families with SBP2 deficiency and their evaluation over time is needed to determine the full spectrum of clinical manifestations in SBP2 deficiency and increase our understanding of the role played by SBP2 and selenoproteins in health and disease.
A new rat model of treatment-naive quiescent choroidal neovascularization induced by human VEGF165 overexpression
Authors: Liu Shan , Biesemeier Antje K. , Tschulakow Alexander V. , Thakkar Harsh V. , Julien-Schraermeyer Sylvie , Schraermeyer Ulrich 
Published: February 2020

VEGF is a crucial stimulator for choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Our aim was to develop a reproducible and valid treatment-naive quiescent CNV (i.e. without signs of exudation and with normal visual acuity) rat model by subretinal injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-VEGFA165 vector. The CNV development was longitudinally followed up in vivo by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/optical coherence tomography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies and ex vivo by electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemistry. In total, 57 eyes were analysed. In vivo, a quiescent CNV was observed in 93% of the eyes six weeks post-transduction. In EM, CNV vessels with few fenestrations, multi-layered basement membranes, and bifurcation of endothelial cells were observed sharing the human CNV features. Human VEGF overexpression, multi-layered RPE (RPE65) and macrophages/activated microglia (Iba1) were also detected. In addition, 19 CNV eyes were treated up to three weeks with bevacizumab. The retinal and the CNV lesion thickness decreased significantly in bevacizumab-treated CNV eyes compared to untreated CNV eyes one week after the treatment.
In conclusion, our experimental CNV resembles those seen in patients suffering from treatment-naive quiescent CNV in wet-age related macular degeneration, and responses to short-term treatment with bevacizumab. Our new model can, therefore, be used to test the long-term effect of new drugs targeting CNV under precisely defined conditions.
Posture and Physical Activity Detection: Impact of Number of Sensors and Feature Type
Authors: TANG QU , JOHN DINESH , THAPA-CHHETRY BINOD , ARGUELLO DIEGO JOSE , INTILLE STEPHEN 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Studies using wearable sensors to measure posture, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior typically use a single sensor worn on the ankle, thigh, wrist, or hip. Although the use of single sensors may be convenient, using multiple sensors is becoming more practical as sensors miniaturize.

Purpose
We evaluated the effect of single-site versus multisite motion sensing at seven body locations (both ankles, wrists, hips, and dominant thigh) on the detection of physical behavior recognition using a machine learning algorithm. We also explored the effect of using orientation versus orientation-invariant features on performance.

Methods
Performance (F1 score) of PA and posture recognition was evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation on a 42-participant data set containing 22 physical activities with three postures (lying, sitting, and upright).

Results
Posture and PA recognition models using two sensors had higher F1 scores (posture, 0.89 ± 0.06; PA, 0.53 ± 0.08) than did models using a single sensor (posture, 0.78 ± 0.11; PA, 0.43 ± 0.03). Models using two nonwrist sensors for posture recognition (F1 score, 0.93 ± 0.03) outperformed two-sensor models including one or two wrist sensors (F1 score, 0.85 ± 0.06). However, two-sensor models for PA recognition with at least one wrist sensor (F1 score, 0.60 ± 0.05) outperformed other two-sensor models (F1 score, 0.47 ± 0.02). Both posture and PA recognition F1 scores improved with more sensors (up to seven; 0.99 for posture and 0.70 for PA), but with diminishing performance returns. Models performed best when including orientation-based features.

Conclusions
Researchers measuring posture should consider multisite sensing using at least two nonwrist sensors, and researchers measuring PA should consider multisite sensing using at least one wrist sensor and one nonwrist sensor. Including orientation-based features improved both posture and PA recognition.
Single-Joint and Whole-Body Movement Changes in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Athletes Returning to Sport
Authors: SMEETS ANNEMIE , VERHEUL JASPER , VANRENTERGHEM JOS , STAES FILIP , VANDENNEUCKER HILDE , CLAES STEVEN , VERSCHUEREN SABINE 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Athletes returning to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) demonstrate prolonged changes in landing kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation, predisposing them for reinjury, knee osteoarthritis, and/or knee instability. So far, researchers have been focusing on how kinematics and kinetics change in every joint separately. However, as the human body operates within a kinetic chain, we will assess whether single-joint changes are associated with whole-body changes.

Methods
Twenty-one athletes who had an ACLR and 21 uninjured controls performed five unilateral landing tasks, whereas lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activations of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, and gluteus medius were recorded. Single-joint landing kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activations of the ACL-injured leg were compared with the uninjured leg and compared with the control group. Whole-body changes were assessed by decomposing movements into fundamental components using marker-based principal component analysis (PCA).

Results
We found several single-joint changes in landing kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activations in the athletes with ACLR that were seen across all tasks and therefore of major interest as they are likely to occur during sports as well. Hamstrings activation increased and external knee flexion moments decreased in the ACL-injured leg compared with their uninjured leg. Furthermore, hip adduction moments and knee abduction angles decreased compared with the control group. The PCA could detect changes in whole-body movement, which were task-specific.

Conclusions
Athletes with ACLR still show protective task-independent single-joint kinematic, kinetic, and muscle activation changes during single-leg landings at the time of return to sport. These single-joint changes were not consistently accompanied by changes in whole-body movements (revealed by marker-based PCA). Whole-body expressions of the single-joint compensations are likely to be affected by the demands of the task.
Η συμβολή της εξΑΕ στο πεδίο της Πανεπιστημιακής Παιδαγωγικής με στόχο τη διασφάλιση της ποιότητας
Authors: ΦΡΑΓΚΟΥΛΗΣ IΩΣΗΦ , ΑΡΜΑΚΟΛΑΣ ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ 
Published: February 2020

Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται και αναλύεται η έννοια της πανεπιστημιακής παιδαγωγικής ως αναπόσπαστου κλάδου της παιδαγωγικής επιστήμης με στόχο την επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη των εκπαιδευτικών της τριτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης. Στο πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας αναλύεται η έννοια της πανεπιστημιακής παιδαγωγικής και προσδιορίζεται το περιεχόμενό της, όπως αυτό αποτυπώνεται στα σχετικά επιστημονικά κείμενα. Στο δεύτερο μέρος αναλύεται ο όρος εξΑΕ και περιγράφεται η συμβολή του στο πεδίο της πανεπιστημιακής παιδαγωγικής με στόχο την υποστήριξη του έργου των εκπαιδευτικών της τριτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης. Η εργασία ολοκληρώνεται με τη διατύπωση συμπερασμάτων και προτάσεων σχετικά με την αποτελεσματική αξιοποίηση της Εξ Αε στο πλαίσιο της πανεπιστημιακής παιδαγωγικής.