bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring newsjacking as social media–based ambush marketing
Authors: Burton Nicholas , McClean Cole 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study explores the use of event-related promotional hashtags by non-sponsors as a form of social ambushing, akin to newsjacking, as potential means of ambushing major events and the potential challenges facing commercial rights holders.Design/methodology/approachFramed within the context of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games, the present research takes a descriptive analytical approach to social media analysis. Social media data were accessed from Twitter's API across a six-week Games period and subsequently coded and categorized based upon strategic intent, content and key structural characteristics. A quantitative analysis of Tweet distribution, frequency and buzz was then conducted, providing insight into the impacts and effects of social ambushing via newsjacking.FindingsImportantly, the study's findings suggest that whilst newsjacking by non-sponsors throughout the Games was pervasive, the potential reach and impact of such social ambushing may be limited. Non-sponsoring firms primarily adopted Games hashtags for behavioural or diversionary means, however consumer response to such attempts was minimal. These findings offer renewed perspective for scholars and practitioners on social ambushing and ambush marketing interventionism.Originality/valueThis research provides an important investigation into the manifestations and potential implications of social ambushing and illustrates the potential for brands to newsjack sporting events through unauthorized hashtag usage, necessary advances in sport marketing research.
Molecular dating for phylogenies containing a mix of populations and species by using Bayesian and RelTime approaches
Authors: Mello Beatriz , Tao Qiqing , Barba‐Montoya Jose , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSimultaneous molecular dating of population and species divergences is essential in many biological investigations, including phylogeography, phylodynamics and species delimitation studies. In these investigations, multiple sequence alignments consist of both intra‐ and interspecies samples (mixed samples). As a result, the phylogenetic trees contain interspecies, interpopulation and within‐population divergences. Bayesian relaxed clock methods are often employed in these analyses, but they assume the same tree prior for both inter‐ and intraspecies branching processes and require specification of a clock model for branch rates (independent vs. autocorrelated rates models). We evaluated the impact of a single tree prior on Bayesian divergence time estimates by analysing computer‐simulated data sets. We also examined the effect of the assumption of independence of evolutionary rate variation among branches when the branch rates are autocorrelated. Bayesian approach with coalescent tree priors generally produced excellent molecular dates and highest posterior densities with high coverage probabilities. We also evaluated the performance of a non‐Bayesian method, RelTime, which does not require the specification of a tree prior or a clock model. RelTime's performance was similar to that of the Bayesian approach, suggesting that it is also suitable to analyse data sets containing both populations and species variation when its computational efficiency is needed.
Prognostic study for survival outcome following the treatment of second primary lung cancer in patients with previously resected non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Yijun , Han Chang , Chong Yuming , Liu Jianghao , Gong Liang , Wang Zhile , Liang Naixin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPatients who have previously undergone surgical resection of initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) are at high risk of developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). There are still no standard treatments for SPLC. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors and compare survival between the different SPLC treatment groups.MethodsSPLC patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2007 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic factors for SPLC were identified, using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and univariate Cox analysis to select variables for multivariate Cox analysis. Kaplan‐Meier method plus log‐rank test and restricted mean survival time (RMST) were used to compare survival outcome.ResultsA total of 665 SPLC patients were finally enrolled into the study. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that male vs. female (HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.29–2.59, P = 0.001), tumor size of SPLC ≥1 cm vs. <1 cm (HR = 1.80, 96% CI: 1.07–3.02, P = 1.028), IPLC characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma vs. adenocarcinoma (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17–3.04, P = 0.009), clinical stage II vs. stage I (HR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.08–6.27, P = 0.033), and T2 stage vs. T1 stage (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.04–2.72, P = 0.034) indicated worse survival. SPLC patients demonstrated a five‐year survival rate of 68.6% and a five‐year RMST of 49.4 months. The choice of surgical procedure (wedge resection, segmentectomy and lobectomy) for both IPLC and SPLC had no significant effect on prognosis (P > 0.05). Patients that received radiotherapy for SPLC also demonstrated similar survival when compared with those that underwent surgery (P > 0.05).ConclusionsRadiotherapy and sublobar resection can be considered reasonable alternative treatments for SPLC, especially when patients are unable to tolerate lobectomy.
Determination of cytogenetic markers for biological monitoring in coypu (Myocastor coypu)
Authors: Kuchta‐Gładysz Marta , Wójcik Ewa , Słonina Dorota , Grzesiakowska Anna , Otwinowska‐Mindur Agnieszka , Szeleszczuk Olga , Niedbała Piotr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCytogenetic tests are used to assess the influence of physical and chemical factors with potential mutagenic and genotoxic properties on the animal organism. The test results make it possible to eliminate mutagens, as well as helping predict possible genetic consequences in animal cells and assess animal resistance. The aim of this study was to examine, using cytogenetic tests, the spontaneous chromosome and DNA damage in coypu lymphocytes. Four tests: fragile site (FS), bleomycin (BLM), micronucleus, (MN) and comet were used for the first time in coypu cells. The averages with standard deviations obtained in the research were as follows: 3.30 ± 0.80 fragile sites/cell; 0.63 ± 0.80 BLM damage/cell; 6.10 ± 0.53% binucleated cells with MN; and 3.24 ± 0.63% DNA in tail. The present analysis showed high interindividual variation in spontaneous chromosomal and DNA damage levels. In the case of micronucleus, fragile sites, and comet assays, the differences between animals were statistically significant. The data suggest that these assays are sensitive enough to detect some effects on an individual animal and can be proposed as tools for coypu biomonitoring.
A minimal model to describe short‐term haemodynamic changes of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Bahnasawy Salma , Al‐Sallami Hesham , Duffull Stephen 
Published: September 2020

AimsCurrent pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic models describing the haemodynamic changes often do not include necessary feedback mechanisms. These models provide adequate description of current data but may fail to adequately extrapolate to additional scenarios. This study aims to develop a minimal model to describe the short‐term changes of haemodynamics that can be used as the basis for model development by future researchers.MethodsA minimal haemodynamic model was developed to describe the influence of drugs on blood pressure components. The model structure was defined based on known mechanisms and previously published models. The model was evaluated under 2 different simulation settings. The model parameters were calibrated to describe (without estimation) the haemodynamics of 2 antihypertensive drugs with data extracted from the literature. Structural identifiability analysis was done using various combinations of the observed variable.ResultsThe proposed model structure includes mean arterial pressure, heart rate and stroke volume and is composed of 4 states described by differential equations. Model evaluation showed flexibility in describing the haemodynamics at different target perturbations. Overlay plots of model predictions and literature data showed a good description without data fitting. The structural identifiability analysis revealed all model parameters and initial conditions were identifiable only when heart rate, mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were measured together.ConclusionsA minimal model of the haemodynamic system was developed and evaluated. The model accounted for short‐term haemodynamic feedback processes. We propose that this model can be used as the basis for future pharmacometric analyses of drugs acting on the haemodynamic system.
TREK1 channel activation as a new analgesic strategy devoid of opioid adverse effects
Authors: Busserolles Jérôme , Ben Soussia Ismail , Pouchol Laetitia , Marie Nicolas , Meleine Mathieu , Devilliers Maïly , Judon Céline , Schopp Julien , Clémenceau Loïc , Poupon Laura , Chapuy Eric , Richard Serge , Noble Florence , Lesage Florian , Ducki Sylvie , Eschalier Alain , Lolignier Stéphane 
Published: September 2020

Background and PurposeOpioids are effective painkillers. However, their risk–benefit ratio is dampened by numerous adverse effects and opioid misuse has led to a public health crisis. Safer alternatives are required, but isolating the antinociceptive effect of opioids from their adverse effects is a pharmacological challenge because activation of the μ opioid receptor triggers both the antinociceptive and adverse effects of opioids.Experimental ApproachThe TREK1 potassium channel is activated downstream of μ receptor and involved in the antinociceptive activity of morphine but not in its adverse effects. Bypassing the μ opioid receptor to directly activate TREK1 could therefore be a safer analgesic strategy.Key ResultsWe developed a selective TREK1 activator, RNE28, with antinociceptive activity in naive rodents and in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. This activity was lost in TREK1 knockout mice or wild‐type mice treated with the TREK1 blocker spadin, showing that TREK1 is required for the antinociceptive activity of RNE28. RNE28 did not induce respiratory depression, constipation, rewarding effects, or sedation at the analgesic doses tested.Conclusion and ImplicationsThis proof‐of‐concept study shows that TREK1 activators could constitute a novel class of painkillers, inspired by the mechanism of action of opioids but devoid of their adverse effects.
Should Individuals Think Like Their Group? A Descriptive‐to‐Prescriptive Tendency Toward Group‐Based Beliefs
Authors: Roberts Steven O. , Ho Arnold K. , Gelman Susan A. 
Published: September 2020

Across three pre‐registered studies with children (ages 4–9) and adults (N = 303), we examined whether how a groupispredicted evaluations of how group membersshould be(i.e., a descriptive‐to‐prescriptive tendency), under conditions in which the descriptive group norms entailed beliefs that were fact‐based (Study 1), opinion‐based (Study 2), and ideology‐based (Study 3). Overall, participants tended to disapprove of individuals with beliefs that differed from their group, but the extent of this tendency varied across development and as a function of the belief under consideration (e.g., younger children did not show a descriptive‐to‐prescriptive tendency in the context of facts and ideologies, suggesting that they prioritized truth over group norms). Implications for normative reasoning and ideological polarization are discussed.
Auditory Sensory Processing and Phonological Development in High IQ and Exceptional Readers, Typically Developing Readers, and Children With Dyslexia: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Goswami Usha , Huss Martina , Mead Natasha , Fosker Tim 
Published: September 2020

Phonological difficulties characterize children with developmental dyslexia across languages, but whether impaired auditory processing underlies these phonological difficulties is debated. Here the causal question is addressed by exploring whether individual differences in sensory processing predict the development of phonological awareness in 86 English‐speaking lower‐ and middle‐class children aged 8 years in 2005 who had dyslexia, or were age‐matched typically developing children, some with exceptional reading/high IQ. The predictive relations between auditory processing and phonological development are robust for this sample even when phonological awareness at Time 1 (the autoregressor) is controlled. High reading/IQ does not much impact these relations. The data suggest that basic sensory abilities are significant longitudinal predictors of growth in phonological awareness in children.
Gut microbiome alterations in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis after induction of remission by prednisolone
Authors: Kamata K , Watanabe T , Minaga K , Hara A , Sekai I , Otsuka Y , Yoshikawa T , Park A-M , Kudo M 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Although increasing evidence demonstrates the association between intestinal dysbiosis and pancreatic diseases such as chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, it remains largely unknown whether intestinal dysbiosis is involved in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Recently, we found that intestinal dysbiosis mediates experimental AIP via the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which can produce interferon (IFN)-α and interleukin (IL)-33. However, candidate intestinal bacteria, which promote the development of AIP, have not been identified. Fecal samples were obtained from type 1 AIP patients before and after prednisolone (PSL) treatment and subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to evaluate the composition of intestinal bacteria. Induction of remission by PSL was associated with the complete disappearance of Klebsiella species from feces in two of the three analyzed patients with type 1 AIP. To assess the pathogenicity of Klebsiella species, mild experimental AIP was induced in MRL/MpJ mice by repeated injections of 10 μg of polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], in combination with oral administration of heat-killed Klebsiella pneumoniae. The AIP pathology score was significantly higher in MRL/MpJ mice that received both oral administration of heat-killed K. pneumoniae and intraperitoneal injections of poly(I:C) than in those administered either agent alone. Pancreatic accumulation of pDCs capable of producing large amounts of IFN-α and IL-33 was also significantly higher in mice that received both treatments. These data suggest that intestinal colonization by K. pneumoniae may play an intensifying role in the development of type 1 AIP.
A Survey of Image Synthesis Methods for Visual Machine Learning
Authors: Tsirikoglou A. , Eilertsen G. , Unger J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImage synthesis designed for machine learning applications provides the means to efficiently generate large quantities of training data while controlling the generation process to provide the best distribution and content variety. With the demands of deep learning applications, synthetic data have the potential of becoming a vital component in the training pipeline. Over the last decade, a wide variety of training data generation methods has been demonstrated. The potential of future development calls to bring these together for comparison and categorization. This survey provides a comprehensive list of the existing image synthesis methods for visual machine learning. These are categorized in the context of image generation, using a taxonomy based on modelling and rendering, while a classification is also made concerning the computer vision applications they are used. We focus on the computer graphics aspects of the methods, to promote future image generation for machine learning. Finally, each method is assessed in terms of quality and reported performance, providing a hint on its expected learning potential. The report serves as a comprehensive reference, targeting both groups of the applications and data development sides. A list of all methods and papers reviewed herein can be found at https://computergraphics.on.liu.se/image_synthesis_methods_for_visual_machine_learning/.
Microstructural volumetric analysis of vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous tooth roots
Authors: Parvini Puria , Schwarz Frank , Hüfner Mira Kristin , Rauch Nicole , Nienkemper Manuel , Becker Kathrin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo volumetrically assess the bone microstructure following vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using differently conditioned autogenous tooth roots (TR) and second‐stage implant placement.Materials and methodsThe upper premolars were bilaterally extracted in n = 4 beagle dogs and randomly assigned to either autoclavation (TR‐A) or no additional treatment (TR‐C). Subsequently, TR were used as block grafts for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation in both lower quadrants. At 12 weeks, titanium implants were inserted and left to heal 3 weeks. Microcomputed tomography was used to quantify bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) at vestibular (v) and oral (o) aspects along the implant and in the augmented upper half of the implant, respectively.ResultsMedian BV/TV [TR‐C: 51.33% (v) and 70.42% (o) vs TR‐A: 44.05% (v) and 64.46% (o)], Tb.th [TR‐C: 0.22 mm (v) and 0.27 mm (o) vs TR‐A: 0.23 mm (v) and 0.29 mm (o)] and Tb.Sp [TR‐C: 0.26 mm (v) and 0.13 mm (o) vs TR‐A: 0.29 μm (v) and 0.15 mm (o)] values were comparable in both groups.ConclusionBoth TR‐C and TR‐A grafts were associated with a comparable bone microstructure within the grafted area.
Safety of bariatric surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aziz Muhammad , Haghbin Hossein , Sharma Sachit , Fatima Rawish , Ishtiaq Rizwan , Chandan Saurabh , Mohan Babu P. , Lee‐Smith Wade , Hassan Mona , Nawras Ali 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe efficacy of bariatric surgery in achieving weight loss and preventing long‐term comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis is well established. Data regarding safety of bariatric surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is scarce. We attempted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the complications following bariatric surgery in patients with IBD. The primary outcomes evaluated were wound infection, Clavien‐Dindo grade > II complications and IBD exacerbation (within 1 year). Secondary outcomes evaluated included overall mortality, stricture, small bowel obstruction, acute kidney injury (AKI) and thromboembolism. Pooled outcomes (event rate) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effects model. A total of 14 studies (all observational) with 2608 patients were included. The rates of primary outcomes were: wound infection (4.1%, 95% CI: 0.9‐7.2), Clavien‐Dindo grade > II complications (2.0%, 95%: CI 0.6‐3.5) and IBD exacerbation (4.3%, 95% CI: 0.7‐7.9). The pooled rate for other outcomes was: mortality 0.1%, stricture 6.5%, small bowel obstruction 6.7%, AKI 2.2% and thromboembolism 0.1%. Bariatric surgery is relatively safe in patients with IBD and should be pursued to reduce comorbidities associated with obesity. Future comparative studies are needed to further assess the safety of bariatric surgery in population with and without IBD.
Interventions and lower‐limb macroscopic muscle morphology in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a scoping review
Authors: Walhain Fenna , Desloovere Kaat , Declerck Marlies , Van Campenhout Anja , Bar‐On Lynn 
Published: September 2020

AimTo identify and map studies that have assessed the effect of interventions on lower‐limb macroscopic muscle–tendon morphology in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodWe conducted a literature search of studies that included pre‐ and post‐treatment measurements of lower‐limb macroscopic muscle‐tendon morphology in children with spastic CP. Study quality was evaluated and significant intervention effects and effect sizes were extracted.ResultsTwenty‐eight articles were identified. They covered seven different interventions including stretching, botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A), strengthening, electrical stimulation, whole‐body vibration, balance training, and orthopaedic surgery. Study quality ranged from poor (14 out of 28 studies) to good (2 out of 28). Study samples were small (n=4–32) and studies were variable regarding which muscles and macroscopic morphological parameters were assessed. Inconsistent effects after intervention (thickness and cross‐sectional area for strengthening, volume for BoNT‐A), no effect (belly length for stretching), and small effect sizes were reported.InterpretationIntervention studies reporting macroscopic muscle–tendon remodelling after interventions are limited and heterogeneous, making it difficult to generalize results. Studies that include control groups and standardized assessment protocols are needed to improve study quality and data synthesis. Lack or inconclusive effects at the macroscopic level could indicate that the effects of interventions should also be evaluated at the microscopic level.What this paper adds

Muscle‐targeted interventions to remodel muscle morphology are not well understood.

Studies reporting macroscopic muscle remodelling following interventions are limited and heterogeneous.

Passive stretching may preserve but does not increase muscle length.

The effects of isolated botulinum neurotoxin A injections on muscle volume are inconsistent.

Isolated strengthening shows no consistent increase in muscle volume or thickness.
Perceptual confidence: A Husserlian take
Authors: Laasik Kristjan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I propose a Husserlian account of perceptual confidence, and argue for perceptual confidence by appeal to the self‐justification of perceptual experiences. Perceptual confidence is the intriguing view, recently developed by John Morrison, that there are not just doxastic confidences but also perceptual confidences, that is, confidences as aspect of perceptual experience, enabling us to account, for example, for the increasing confidence with which we experience an approaching human figure, while telling ourselves, as the viewing distance diminishes, “It looks like this just could be Isaac,” “It looks like this is probably Isaac,” “It looks like this is almost certainly Isaac.” I first present my Husserlian account with a focus on the notion of fulfillment, and the idea that the contents of perceptual experience are fulfillment conditions. I then show that this account can be complemented by PC. Finally, I develop a focus on the idea of perceptual self‐justification, diverting the perceptual confidence debate from its pre‐eminent concern with the relations between perceptual and doxastic confidences, and present an argument to the effect that there are perceptual confidences.