bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Bintang Laut Bertanduk (Protoreaster nodosus) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wulaisfan Randa , Tee Selfyana Austin , Mala Febryanti 
Published: May 2020

INTISARI

Bintang laut bertanduk merupakan salah satu biota laut yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Salah satunya adalah pengobatan infeksi. Infeksi merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit yang sering terjadi di daerah yang beriklim tropis khususnya Indonesia. Salah satu infeksi yang sering terjadi adalah infeksi pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol bintang laut bertanduk dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan tiga kali pengulangan dengan menggunakan metode pengujian paper disk. Sampel uji yang diteliti adalah bintang laut bertanduk (Protoreaster nodosus) yang dilarutkan dalam DMSO 10% hingga didapatkan varian konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15% kemudian dilakukan uji daya hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bintang laut bertanduk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus masing-masing konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 15% yakni 5,99mm, 6,69mm dan 7,64mm. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bintang laut bertanduk(Protoreaster nodosus) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus secara signifikan.
Kata kunci : Zona Hambat, Bintang Laut Bertanduk, Staphylococcus aureus.

ABSTRACT
Horned starfish are one of the marine biota used as traditional medicine. One of them is the treatment of infections. Infection is one of the causes of diseases that often occur in the tropics, especially Indonesia. One infection that often occurs is an infection of the skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine whether the horned starfish ethanol extract can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
This type of research used in this study is an experimental study consisting of five treatments and three repetitions using a diskette testing method. The test sample studied was a horned starfish (Protoreasternodosus) dissolved in DMSO 10% to 5%, 10%, and 15% of the variant of concentration was obtained then the inhibitory test was performed on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results showed that the horned starfish extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, each concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% respectively 5.99 mm, 6.69 mm and 7.64 mm. Based on these results it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of the horned starfish (Protoreasternodosus) can significantly inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Keywords: Inhibited zone, Horn Star, Staphylococcus aureus.
n. 18 - EGRESSOS DA EJA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR E A POLÍTICA DE COTAS DA UERJ: ENTRE DESAFIOS E POTENCIALIDADES
Authors: Alvarenga Marcia Soares , Oliveira Cintya Roberta Santos 
Published: May 2020

Produzido no contexto dos 10 anos de implantação da Política de Cotas para acesso aos cursos de graduação nas universidades estaduais do estado do Rio de Janeiro e nos 30 anos de promulgação da Constituição Brasileira, em 1988, o objetivo do artigo é analisar a inter-relação entre a modalidade da EJA e Política de Cotas na FFP/UERJ, tendo como recorte estudantes cotistas que ingressaram na UERJ no ano de 2016. A metodologia da pesquisa teve como ponto de partida dados colhidos em fontes institucionais através de sínteses cadastrais dos sistemas da universidade e questionário semiestruturados dirigidos para cotistas egressos da EJA. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam serem reduzidos os estudantes egressos da EJA que acessam a universidade pelo sistema de cotas, o que nos faz interpelar, dialeticamente, sobre os desafios enfrentados pelos dos estudantes egressos da EJA e a potência das cotas para a democratização da universidade.
Remarks on vector space generated by the multiplicative commutators of a division ring
Authors: Aaghabali M. , Tajfirouz Z. 
Published: May 2020

Let $D$ be a division ring with centre $F$. An element of the form $xyx^{-1}y^{-1}\in D$ is called a multiplicative commutator. Let $T(D)$ be the vector space over $F$ generated by all multiplicative commutators in $D$. In M. Aghabali et al., J. Algebra Appl. 12 (2013), no. 8, art. 1350043, the authors have conjectured that every division ring is generated as a vector space over its centre by all of its multiplicative commutators. In this note it is shown that if $D$ is centrally finite, then the conjecture holds.
Endothelial Progenitor Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Candidate for Regenerative Medicine and Disease Treatment
Authors: Xing Zheng , Zhao Chen , Liu Haifeng , Fan Yubo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membranous structures, which can be secreted by most cell types. As a product of paracrine secretion, EVs are considered to be a regulatory mediator for intercellular communication. There are many bioactive cargos in EVs, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. As the precursor cell of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are first discovered in peripheral blood. With the development of studies about the functions of EPCs, an increasing number of researchers focus on EPC‐derived EVs (EPC‐EVs). EPC‐EVs exert key functions for promoting angiogenesis in regenerative medicine and show significant therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases such as circulatory diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes, bone diseases, and tissue/organ damages. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of EPC‐EVs in regenerative medicine and disease treatment, discussing the main challenges and future directions in this field.
Silicon‐Nanotube‐Mediated Intracellular Delivery Enables Ex Vivo Gene Editing
Authors: Chen Yaping , Aslanoglou Stella , Murayama Takahide , Gervinskas Gediminas , Fitzgerald Laura I. , Sriram Sharath , Tian Jie , Johnston Angus P. R. , Morikawa Yasuhiro , Suu Koukou , Elnathan Roey , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEngineered nano–bio cellular interfaces driven by vertical nanostructured materials are set to spur transformative progress in modulating cellular processes and interrogations. In particular, the intracellular delivery—a core concept in fundamental and translational biomedical research—holds great promise for developing novel cell therapies based on gene modification. This study demonstrates the development of a mechanotransfection platform comprising vertically aligned silicon nanotube (VA‐SiNT) arrays for ex vivo gene editing. The internal hollow structure of SiNTs allows effective loading of various biomolecule cargoes; and SiNTs mediate delivery of those cargoes into GPE86 mouse embryonic fibroblasts without compromising their viability. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) and confocal microscopy results demonstrate localized membrane invaginations and accumulation of caveolin‐1 at the cell–NT interface, suggesting the presence of endocytic pits. Small‐molecule inhibition of endocytosis suggests that active endocytic process plays a role in the intracellular delivery of cargo from SiNTs. SiNT‐mediated siRNA intracellular delivery shows the capacity to reduce expression levels of F‐actin binding protein (Triobp) and alter the cellular morphology of GPE86. Finally, the successful delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to specifically target mouse Hprt gene is achieved. This NT‐enhanced molecular delivery platform has strong potential to support gene editing technologies.
Electric‐Field‐Regulated Energy Transfer in Chiral Liquid Crystals for Enhancing Upconverted Circularly Polarized Luminescence through Steering the Photonic Bandgap
Authors: Yang Xuefeng , Zhou Minghao , Wang Yafei , Duan Pengfei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescent materials with high dissymmetry factor (glum) have been attracting increasing attention due to their distinctive photonic properties. In this work, by incorporating upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PKNCs) into a chiral nematic liquid crystal (N*LC), enhanced upconverted circularly polarized luminescence (UC‐CPL) based on a radiative energy transfer (RET) process from UCNPs to CsPbBr3 PKNCs is successfully implemented. By locating the emission peak of CsPbBr3 PKNCs at the center of the photonic bandgap of N*LC, the maximum glum value of UC‐CPL can be amplified to an extremely large value of 1.1. Meanwhile, upconverted emission of UCNPs can be significantly enhanced due to the band edge enhancement effect of the N*LC, subsequently enhancing the emission of the CsPbBr3 PKNCs through the RET process. In addition, an applied electric field can switch the upconverted emission of the UCNPs, as well as the RET process, enabling an electric‐field‐controlled UC‐CPL switch.
Biocompatible Magnetic Micro‐ and Nanodevices: Fabrication of FePt Nanopropellers and Cell Transfection
Authors: Kadiri Vincent Mauricio , Bussi Claudio , Holle Andrew W. , Son Kwanghyo , Kwon Hyunah , Schütz Gisela , Gutierrez Maximiliano G. , Fischer Peer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe application of nanoparticles for drug or gene delivery promises benefits in the form of single‐cell‐specific therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities. Many methods of cell transfection rely on unspecific means to increase the transport of genetic material into cells. Targeted transport is in principle possible with magnetically propelled micromotors, which allow responsive nanoscale actuation and delivery. However, many commonly used magnetic materials (e.g., Ni and Co) are not biocompatible, possess weak magnetic remanence (Fe3O4), or cannot be implemented in nanofabrication schemes (NdFeB). Here, it is demonstrated that co‐depositing iron (Fe) and platinum (Pt) followed by one single annealing step, without the need for solution processing, yields ferromagnetic FePt nanomotors that are noncytotoxic, biocompatible, and possess a remanence and magnetization that rival those of permanent NdFeB micromagnets. Active cell targeting and magnetic transfection of lung carcinoma cells are demonstrated using gradient‐free rotating millitesla fields to drive the FePt nanopropellers. The carcinoma cells express enhanced green fluorescent protein after internalization and cell viability is unaffected by the presence of the FePt nanopropellers. The results establish FePt, prepared in the L10 phase, as a promising magnetic material for biomedical applications with superior magnetic performance, especially for micro‐ and nanodevices.
Photomodulation of Charge Transport in All‐Semiconducting 2D–1D van der Waals Heterostructures with Suppressed Persistent Photoconductivity Effect
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Qiu Haixin , Wang Can , Chen Zongping , Zyska Björn , Narita Akimitsu , Ciesielski Artur , Hecht Stefan , Chi Lifeng , Müllen Klaus , Samorì Paolo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVan der Waals heterostructures (VDWHs), obtained via the controlled assembly of 2D atomically thin crystals, exhibit unique physicochemical properties, rendering them prototypical building blocks to explore new physics and for applications in optoelectronics. As the emerging alternatives to graphene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides and bottom‐up synthesized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising candidates for overcoming the shortcomings of graphene, such as the absence of a bandgap in its electronic structure, which is essential in optoelectronics. Herein, VDWHs comprising GNRs onto monolayer MoS2 are fabricated. Field‐effect transistors (FETs) based on such VDWHs show an efficient suppression of the persistent photoconductivity typical of MoS2, resulting from the interfacial charge transfer process. The MoS2‐GNR FETs exhibit drastically reduced hysteresis and more stable behavior in the transfer characteristics, which is a prerequisite for the further photomodulation of charge transport behavior within the MoS2‐GNR VDWHs. The physisorption of photochromic molecules onto the MoS2‐GNR VDWHs enables reversible light‐driven control over charge transport. In particular, the drain current of the MoS2‐GNR FET can be photomodulated by 52%, without displaying significant fatigue over at least 10 cycles. Moreover, four distinguishable output current levels can be achieved, demonstrating the great potential of MoS2‐GNR VDWHs for multilevel memory devices.
Size‐Dependent Pulmonary Impact of Thin Graphene Oxide Sheets in Mice: Toward Safe‐by‐Design
Authors: Rodrigues Artur Filipe , Newman Leon , Jasim Dhifaf , Mukherjee Sourav P. , Wang Jun , Vacchi Isabella A. , Ménard‐Moyon Cécilia , Bianco Alberto , Fadeel Bengt , Kostarelos Kostas , Bussy Cyrill 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSafety assessment of graphene‐based materials (GBMs) including graphene oxide (GO) is essential for their safe use across many sectors of society. In particular, the link between specific material properties and biological effects needs to be further elucidated. Here, the effects of lateral dimensions of GO sheets in acute and chronic pulmonary responses after single intranasal instillation in mice are compared. Micrometer‐sized GO induces stronger pulmonary inflammation than nanometer‐sized GO, despite reduced translocation to the lungs. Genome‐wide RNA sequencing also reveals distinct size‐dependent effects of GO, in agreement with the histopathological results. Although large GO, but not the smallest GO, triggers the formation of granulomas that persists for up to 90 days, no pulmonary fibrosis is observed. These latter results can be partly explained by Raman imaging, which evidences the progressive biotransformation of GO into less graphitic structures. The findings demonstrate that lateral dimensions play a fundamental role in the pulmonary response to GO, and suggest that airborne exposure to micrometer‐sized GO should be avoided in the production plant or applications, where aerosolized dispersions are likely to occur. These results are important toward the implementation of a safer‐by‐design approach for GBM products and applications, for the benefit of workers and end‐users.
Soil organic matter and water retention
Authors: Lal Rattan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current and projected anthropogenic global warming and the attendant increase in the severity and extent of soil degradation may exacerbate the intensity and duration of drought occurrence in agroecosystems. Restoration of the soil organic matter (SOM) content of degraded/depleted soils can increase soil water retention (SWR) more at field capacity (FC) than that at the permanent wilting point (PWP), and thus increase the plant available water capacity (PAWC). The magnitude of increase in PAWC may depend on soil texture and the initial SOM content. Thus, restoration of the SOM content of degraded/depleted soils can make them as well as agroecosystems climate‐resilient. Management practices which enhance soil health by restoring SOM content include conservation agriculture, cover cropping, residue mulching, and complex farming systems involving integration of crops with trees and livestock. Such technologies must be fine‐tuned under site‐specific conditions. Additional research is needed to establish the cause‐effect relationship between increase in SOM content and PAWC and the ameliorative effect on drought‐resilience for diverse crops and cropping systems.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction, and axonal injury relate to atrophy in structural brain regions specific to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Moore Elizabeth E. , Gifford Katherine A. , Khan Omair A. , Liu Dandan , Pechman Kimberly R. , Acosta Lealani Mae Y. , Bell Susan P. , Turchan Maxim , Landman Bennett A. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Hohman Timothy J. , Jefferson Angela L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatterns of atrophy can distinguish normal cognition from Alzheimer's disease (AD), but neuropathological drivers of this pattern are unknown. This study examined associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of AD pathology, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroaxonal injury with two AD imaging signatures.MethodsSignatures were calculated using published guidelines. Linear regressions related each biomarker to both signatures, adjusting for demographic factors. Bootstrapped analyses tested if associations were stronger with one signature versus the other.ResultsIncreased phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), total tau, and neurofilament light (P‐values <.045) related to smaller signatures (indicating greater atrophy). Diagnosis and sex modified associations between p‐tau and neurogranin (P‐values<.05) and signatures, such that associations were stronger among participants with mild cognitive impairment and female participants. The strength of associations did not differ between signatures.DiscussionIncreased evidence of neurodegeneration, axonopathy, and tau phosphorylation relate to greater AD‐related atrophy. Tau phosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction may be more prominent in AD‐affected regions in females.
Hippocampal Shape Is Associated with Memory Deficits in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Postma Tjardo S. , Cury Claire , Baxendale Sallie , Thompson Pamela J. , Cano‐López Irene , de Tisi Jane , Burdett Jane L. , Sidhu Meneka K. , Caciagli Lorenzo , Winston Gavin P. , Vos Sjoerd B. , Thom Maria , Duncan John S. , Koepp Matthias J. , Galovic Marian 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveCognitive problems, especially disturbances in episodic memory, and hippocampal sclerosis are common in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but little is known about the relationship of hippocampal morphology with memory. We aimed to relate hippocampal surface‐shape patterns to verbal and visual learning.MethodsWe analyzed hippocampal surface shapes on high‐resolution magnetic resonance images and the Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery in 145 unilateral refractory TLE patients undergoing epilepsy surgery, a validation set of 55 unilateral refractory TLE patients, and 39 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers.ResultsBoth left TLE (LTLE) and right TLE (RTLE) patients had lower verbal (LTLE 44 ± 11; RTLE 45 ± 10) and visual learning (LTLE 34 ± 8, RTLE 30 ± 8) scores than healthy controls (verbal 58 ± 8, visual 39 ± 6; p < 0.001). Verbal learning was more impaired the greater the atrophy of the left superolateral hippocampal head. In contrast, visual memory was worse with greater bilateral inferomedial hippocampal atrophy. Postsurgical verbal memory decline was more common in LTLE than in RTLE (reliable change index in LTLE 27% vs RTLE 7%, p = 0.006), whereas there were no differences in postsurgical visual memory decline between those groups. Preoperative atrophy of the left hippocampal tail predicted postsurgical verbal memory decline.InterpretationMemory deficits in TLE are associated with specific morphological alterations of the hippocampus, which could help stratify TLE patients into those at high versus low risk of presurgical or postsurgical memory deficits. This knowledge could improve planning and prognosis of selective epilepsy surgery and neuropsychological counseling in TLE. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:170–182
POM‐Incorporated CoO Nanowires for Enhanced Photocatalytic Syngas Production from CO2
Authors: Yang Haozhou , Yang Deren , Wang Xun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUtilizing sustainable energy for chemical activation of small molecules, such as CO2, to produce important chemical feedstocks is highly desirable. The simultaneous production of CO/H2 mixture (syngas) from photoreduction of CO2 and H2O is highly promising. However, the relationships between structure, composition, crystallinity, and photocatalytic performance are still indistinct. Here, amorphous ultrathin CoO nanowires and polyoxometalate incorporated nanowires with even lower crystallinity were synthesized. The POM‐incorporated ultrathin nanowires exhibit high photocatalytic syngas production activity, reaching H2 and CO evolution rates of 11555 and 4165 μmol g−1 h−1 respectively. Further experiments indicate that the ultrathin morphology and incorporation of POM both contribute to the superior performance. Multiple characterizations reveal the enhanced charge–hole separation efficiency of the catalyst would facilitate the photocatalysis.
A typical case study of the operational performance of municipal wastewater treatment plant in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Huang Jin , Lin Ling , Liu Shuming , Wang Yueping , Zhang Sinan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe operational status of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) A in Tianjin was simulated via WEST 2012 software. It was found that with secondary biological treatment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the effluent can reach Level 1‐A standards, while the total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus slightly exceed the standard threshold. When subjected to the maximum water volume during the rainy season and the most unfavorable temperatures in winter, WWTP A can maintain the same treatment conditions as under normal circumstances. Meanwhile, an operational performance evaluation index system of the WWTP was utilized to evaluate the operating conditions. The result indicates that WWTP A achieves a good performance level, with some aspects that need to be improved. Among them, technical requirements, equipment advancement, energy consumption, water consumption, and chemical consumption are less satisfactory; these issues are mainly due to the process and equipment selected for the WWTP. In order to improve the comprehensive operational performance of the WWTP, it is recommended to add a water reuse system, strengthen the management of the energy consumption department, and adopt high‐efficiency energy‐saving equipment.
Cover Image, Volume 14, Issue 3
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Jiang Junhua , Wang Chongmin , Liu Jian , Pu Yunqiao , Ragauskas Arthur , Li Songmei , Yang Bin 
Published: May 2020

The cover image is based on the Review Article Lignin‐Derived Electrochemical Energy Materials and Systems by Bin Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2083.
image
Tokoronin Contained in Dioscorea tokoro Makino ex Miyabe Suppressed α‐MSH‐Induced Melanogenesis in B16 Cells via Suppression of Classical MAPK Pathway Activation
Authors: Ukiya Motohiko , Sato Daisuke , Kimura Hirokazu , Hirai Yasuaki , Nishina Atsuyoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, melanogenesis inhibition in B16 cells by eight compounds, namely, tokorogenin, tokoronin, yononin, gracillin, proto‐yonogenin, proto‐tokoronin, proto‐yononin, and proto‐gracillin, isolated from Dioscorea tokoro Makino ex Miyabe were evaluated. The results of the cytotoxicity and α‐MSH‐induced melanogenesis inhibition effects of the eight compounds revealed that tokoronin was the most effective in terms of low‐cytotoxicity and melanogenesis inhibition. Tokoronin downregulated α‐MSH‐induced melanogenesis via suppression of the expression of the three types of melanogenesis‐related enzymes [tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1), TRP‐2] by the inhibition of phospho‐microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (p‐MITF) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) levels. p‐MITF and CREB are regulated by various kinases [Akt, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)]. As the results of measurement of the combined effects of tokoronin with inhibitors or promoters of these kinases, no change in the biological activity of tokoronin by Akt inhibitor (wortmannin) or p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) was observed, however, the effect of tokoronin was reduced by the MEK/ERK inhibitor (U0126) and promoted by the MEK/ERK activator (FGF2). Therefore, it was deduced that tokoronin first inactivated ERK; then, it suppressed p‐MITF and CREB levels; and finally, α‐MSH‐induced melanogenesis was suppressed.