bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D assay on a fully automated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry system, the Thermo Scientific Cascadion SM Clinical Analyzer with the Cascadion 25-hydroxy vitamin D assay in a routine clinical laboratory
Authors: Benton Sally C. , Tetteh Godwin K. , Needham Sarah-Jayne , Mücke Jakob , Sheppard Leanne , Alderson Steven , Ruppen Corinne , Curti Maurus , Redondo Maurice , Milan Anna M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) offers advantages over immunoassay due to its increased specificity and ability to multiplex metabolites within a single run. Wide scale adoption of LC-MS/MS in routine clinical laboratories is restricted in part due to the high level of technical expertise required. The Thermo Scientific™ Cascadion™ SM Clinical Analyzer is the first fully automated, random access clinical analyser that utilises LC-MS/MS technology. We report an analytical validation of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 and D3 assays on the Cascadion Analyzer and an assessment of its performance within a routine clinical laboratory.

Methods
Analyser usability was assessed by staff with no previous experience of LC-MS/MS. An analytical validation included analysis of 154 patient samples on two different Cascadion Analyzers and a four-way method comparison of 146 patient samples on Roche and Siemens immunoassays and an in-house LC-MS/MS method. Accuracy was assessed using external quality assurance and reference materials. Seven third party IQC materials were tested on Cascadion.

Results
Cascadion proved easy to use by scientific and non-scientific staff. The assay passed all validation criteria. Excellent agreement was demonstrated between two different Cascadions (y = 0.97x + 3.9 nmol/L, r2 > 0.99). A method comparison demonstrated no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the Cascadion and the Roche immunoassay. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between the Cascadion and an LC-MS/MS and Siemens methods. Results obtained from EQA and reference material showed a mean bias of +3.09% and all samples were within ±10% of assigned concentrations. All third party IQC samples tested were compatible for use with Cascadion.

Conclusions
The Cascadion Analyzer is a fully automated LC-MS/MS system that requires no prior LC-MS/MS expertise. The vitamin D assays demonstrated excellent performance with high levels of accuracy.
“You know it, how I feel, I mean you just did it:” The emergence of we-ness through re-enactment in psychotherapy
Authors: Jensen Thomas Wiben , Trasmundi Sarah Bro , Bloch Marie Skaalum , Steffensen Sune Vork 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article explores the nature and trajectory of a shared emotional experience in a psychotherapy interaction by combining insights from embodied cognition with the notion of intercorporeality along with the concept of re-enactment. The focus of the article is a detailed interactional analysis of the way the phenomenon of we-ness (or we experience) appears in a psychotherapy session. We-ness concerns the way two (or more) people share an experience by being aware and attentive to the way they participate together in the experience. It is argued that in social interaction, we-ness needs to be examined and understood as a profoundly temporal phenomenon that gradually evolves in the flow of interaction with different levels of intensity. It is built into and enabled by a skillful embodied coordination grounded in expressive movements and dependent on reciprocal patterns of action. Furthermore, it is suggested that the embodied enactment of we-experience may play a particular prominent role in psychotherapy. For the therapist, embodied communicative practices can work as an alternative resource to enhance the sensitive responsiveness in the interactive flow and thereby create an experience of being seen for the patient in a more direct manner than if only verbalized.
The Msiza-case: the perpetuation of injustices by the miscalculation of “just and equitable” compensation
Authors: Du Plessis Elmien 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In 1998 Mr Msiza, a labour tenant, successfully instituted a claim in terms of land reform legislation (the Land Reform (Labour Tenant) Act) for ownership of the land that he and his father occupied for six decades. In terms of this legislation, when the labour tenant is awarding the land, the owner of the land must be compensated for the loss of the land. In 2004, the Land Claims Court confirmed the award of land and ordered the state to make sure that Mr Msiza gets a title deed for the land. The case was heard again in 2016 in the Land Claims Court, where the court this time examined the question of compensation to be paid to the owner. The Land Claims Court ruled that the Constitutional compensation requirement is “just and equitable” compensation, and awarded less-than-market-value compensation by subtracting a seemingly arbitrary amount from the market value of the land. This decision was overturned in 2017 when the Supreme Court of Appeal ruled that the the just and equitable question were already considered in the calculation of market value, and therefore ruled that no amount be deducted from what the valuers calculated to be market value. The handling of the case, and the different approaches from the two courts, is a symptom of the uncertainty that judges are confronted with when they have to calculate “just and equitable” compensation. A history of the case will reveal that the inability to properly valuate the land, perpetuated the injustice that Mr Msiza is facing, of not having the land registered in his name, despite a valid award in terms of land reform legislation. This paper will show how the compensation requirement is a hurdle to Mr Msiza receiving the title deed to his land. By making use of the valuation reports and the court materials, the paper will endeavour to indicate what a better outcome would be, by focussing on the calculation of “just and equitable” compensation. The paper will argue for a purposive approach when interpreting legislation dealing with compensation, where the Constitutional purpose to “heal the divisions of the past” should play a central role in land reform cases.
Property and Expropriation: Two Concepts Revisited in the Light of the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice
Authors: Praduroux Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the late 1950 s René Savatier foretold that the qualification of economic value itself as property (bien) would have been the ultimate evolution of the theory of property rights. This prediction has come true with regard to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the European Court of Justice (CJEU). This paper investigates the implications of the understanding of property developed by the two European Courts on the concept of expropriation itself as well as for the principles governing expropriation law. Hence, the paper illustrates the role played by both the ECtHR and the CJEU in laying down the parameters of legitimacy for national law, including property law. Within this context, the focus falls on cases in which the Courts characterize the facts as deprivation of property requiring for compensation, even though the relevant property could not be the object of expropriation under the domestic law of the defendant State. My contribution brings new insights into the current transformation of the traditional property categories and suggests the reinterpretation of some key concepts of expropriation law.
洛杉矶华报上的汉语语法变异现象初探
Authors: 飞洋 田 
Published: December 2019

摘要
本文以描写为目的，以洛杉矶当地的主要华文报纸（《世界日报》、《星岛日报》、《侨报》、《中国日报》和《国际日报》）为语料，分析了洛杉矶华语在语序、韵律、虚词（如“并”、 “及”、 “更” 等）及某些句法格式（如被动句、双宾语句、强调句）等方面所表现出的变异，并初步探讨了造成这些变异的原因。
試論馬來西亞華語詞彙系統及華語教學
Authors: 志祥 湯 
Published: December 2019

提要
身處東南亞的馬來西亞是眾多華人聚居的國家。在馬來西亞，華人堅持華語（普通話系統）及華文教學已經有兩百多年的光輝歷史。從小學、中學，到大學，華語及華文教學形成了獨立、完整而且系統的 “一條龍” 教學體系。目前馬來西亞華人的年輕一代大都接受過正規的華文教育，能說流利的華語（並使用和內地相同的簡化中文）。無可置疑，馬來西亞華語是全球華語的重要組成部分，馬來西亞華文教學是全球華文教學的一個耀眼的典範。
由於馬來西亞是一個多民族的國家，英語、馬來語、華語及泰米爾語構成了當地四大主流語言。而由於幾百年來移居馬來西亞的華人又多來自於中國華南的廣東、福建、海南等省份，因而中國南方的各地方言，包括廣東話（粵語）、福建話（閩南語）、客家話（客語）。海南話（閩語）、潮汕話（閩語）等都在華人各生活地域裡普遍流行或通行。但是經過馬來西亞華人教育及傳媒的不懈努力，當今的華人社區已經逐漸使用華語和正規華文作為華文教育部門和華人社會內部溝通的主要語言，並形成了社會主流。
馬來西亞多民族，多語言、多方言的社會現狀，使得當地的華語具有鮮明的地域特點，尤其是其詞彙系統和語法系統，顯示著多語言多方言參雜和普遍語碼轉換的狀況。本文在經歷實地考察以及對比研究的基礎上，試圖探究當今馬來西亞主流華語及華文的詞彙特點，並探討今後馬來西亞華語教學的若干實際問題，力圖提出一些實際、實用且具有實效的對策與建議。
Comparative study of cutting force development during the machining of un-hybridized and hybridized ZA43 based metal matrix composites
Authors: Kumar K. J. Santhosh , Marigoudar Rajaneesh N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present study, turning of two grades of composites such as ZA43 silicon carbide and ZA43 silicon carbide and graphite was carried out. The fabrication of both categories of composites were done using stir casting technique. The silicon carbide of grit size 60μm with concentration of 5% was reinforced for one category of the composite and for the other grade of composite, 5% silicon carbide and graphite were added. Thus fabricated materials were turned on a conventional lathe using coated carbide tools (SNMG). Dry turning of the fabricated composite was carried out with varying cutting parameters. Measurement of cutting force was done for the both compositions of fabricated materials using lathe tool dynamometer. It was observed that, while machining composite containing silicon carbide and graphite, tool experience more cutting force than composite containing silicon carbide alone.
Analysis of five cases of hypermethioninemia diagnosed by neonatal screening
Authors: Zhang Zhilei , Wang Yanyun , Ma Dingyuan , Cheng Wei , Sun Yun , Jiang Tao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Hypermethioninemia is a group of diseases with elevated plasma methionine (Met) caused by hereditary and non-hereditary factors, although it could also be caused by administration of the amino acid Met. Among these, the disease caused by methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) I/III deficiency is the most common, and is characterized by persistent, isolated hypermethioninemia as well as slightly elevated homocysteine. S-adenosylmethionine is the product of Met, which can be used as a direct methyl donor of many substances, such as choline and nucleotide, and essential in the development of the body. Among the patients, most have no symptoms, and a small number have central nervous system complications with high levels of plasma Met, including mental retardation, cognitive impairment and special breathing odor.

Methods
In this study, five cases of MAT I/III deficiency were diagnosed and retrospectively analyzed among 220,000 newborns. Patients with high Met levels received a Met-restricted diet treatment.

Results and conclusions
MAT I/III deficiency is a common reason for Met elevation in neonatal screening by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which needs long-term follow-up except for these patients with explicitly benign mutations.
The association between prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and neonatal thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review
Authors: Gheidarloo Mahshid , Kelishadi Roya , Hovsepian Silva , Keikha Mojtaba , Hashemipour Mahin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this systematic review, the association between prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and neonatal thyroid hormone levels was studied. A systematic search of scientific literature was performed from the PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI web of science electronic bibliographic databases. The search strategy for the review was [(organochlorine OR “organochlorine pesticides” OR “organochlorine pollutants” OR “organochlorine pollutant”) AND (“thyroid hormone” OR triiodothyronine OR Thyroxine OR “fetal thyroid function” OR “thyroid function” OR “Thyroid Stimulating Hormone” AND “prenatal” AND “maternal exposure”)] in English sources. In this review, 305 papers (PubMed: 30; Scopus: 29; ISI: 246) were identified through an electronic database search. Twenty-seven articles were assessed for eligibility, from which 16 qualified articles were selected for the final evaluation. The most common OCP metabolites which were evaluated in order were hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (13 studies), pp-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (pp-DDE) (13 studies), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (10 studies) and dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT) (eight studies). A review of the documents related to the association of prenatal exposure of OCPs with fetal or neonatal thyroid function tests provides us with heterogeneous data in this field. Factors such as differences in the studied populations and their area, ethnic and genetic background, time and rate of exposure, possible interaction of other thyroid-disrupting environmental factors and dietary intake of micronutrients such as iodine and/or selenium are considered the main limitations for making an accurate conclusion. For some OCPs including DDT, DDE, HCH and HCB, there are supporting evidences, and it is suggested that their exposure could potentially alter the fetal thyroid function and consequently impair the neurodevelopment process of the infants.
Comparison of cord blood lactate measurement by gas analyzer and portable electrochemical devices
Authors: Romanov Andrey Yurievich , Prikhodko Andrey Mikhailovich , Tysyachnyi Oleg Vladimirovich , Baev Oleg Radomirovich , Yarotskaya Ekaterina Lvovna , Sukhikh Gennady Tikhonovich 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of cord blood lactate measurement using gas analyzer and portable devices in order to assess possibility of implementation of these devices in clinical practice.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study using 30 umbilical cord samples which were obtained immediately after birth. Portable electrochemical devices Lactate Scout (SensLab GmbH, Leipzig, Germany) and StatStrip Lactate (NOVA Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA) were used to determine lactate level. A gas analyzer ABL800 FLEX (Radiometer Medical ApS, Brønshøj-Husum, Denmark) was used as a reference. Base excess (BE), pH, partial oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2) pressure, hemoglobin (ctHb) and bilirubin (ctBl) levels were measured.ResultsThe mean umbilical cord blood lactate level determined by the gas analyzer was 5.85 ± 2.66 mmol/L (ranging from 1.4 mmol/L to 13.4 mmol/L). Lactate level estimated by Lactate Scout was 5.66 ± 2.65 mmol/L and did not significantly differ from the reference method level (P = 0.2547). The mean lactate level determined by StatStrip Lactate was significantly lower than by the gas analyzer – 4.81 ± 2.38 mmol/L (P < 0.0001). Umbilical cord blood pH, BE, pO2and pCO2, ctHb and ctBl levels did not affect the accuracy of the lactate measurement in absolute units (mmol/L).ConclusionUmbilical cord blood lactate level measured by StatStrip Lactate was lower than estimated by the ABL800 FLEX gas analyzer. This shows the necessity to develop decision-making reference points separately for each device. Umbilical cord blood pH, BE, pO2and pCO2, ctHb and ctBl levels did not affect the accuracy of measurements by electrochemical portable devices.
An exploration of predictive football modelling
Authors: Pearson Mitchell , Jr Glen Livingston , King Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPredictive football modelling has become progressively popular over the last two decades. Due to this, numerous studies have proposed different types of statistical models to predict the outcome of a football match. This study provides a review of three different models published in the academic literature and then implements these on recent match data from the top football leagues in Europe. These models are then compared utilising the rank probability score to assess their predictive capability. Additionally, a modification is proposed which includes the travel distance of the away team. When tested on football leagues from both Australia and Russia, it is shown to improve predictive capability according to the rank probability score.
Penalized Averaging of Parametric and Non-Parametric Quantile Forecasts
Authors: De Gooijer Jan G. , Zerom Dawit 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We propose a hybrid penalized averaging for combining parametric and non-parametric quantile forecasts when faced with a large number of predictors. This approach goes beyond the usual practice of combining conditional mean forecasts from parametric time series models with only a few predictors. The hybrid methodology adopts the adaptive LASSO regularization to simultaneously reduce predictor dimension and obtain quantile forecasts. Several recent empirical studies have considered a large set of macroeconomic predictors and technical indicators with the goal of forecasting the S&P 500 equity risk premium. To illustrate the merit of the proposed approach, we extend the mean-based equity premium forecasting into the conditional quantile context. The application offers three main findings. First, combining parametric and non-parametric approaches adds quantile forecast accuracy over and above the constituent methods. Second, a handful of macroeconomic predictors are found to have systematic forecasting power. Third, different predictors are identified as important when considering lower, central and upper quantiles of the equity premium distribution.
Techniques in the synthesis of organometallic compounds of tungsten
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad Zeshan , Nadeem Raziya , Bibi Shamsa , Rehman Rabia ,   Amanullah, Iqbal Muhammad Adnan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTungsten is an elegant substance, and its compounds have great significance because of their extensive range of applications in diverse fields such as in gas sensors, photocatalysis, lithium ion batteries, H2production, electrochromic devices, dyed sensitized solar cells, microchip technology, and liquid crystal displays. Tungsten compounds exhibit a more efficient catalytic behavior, and tungsten-dependent enzymes generally catalyze the transfer of an oxygen atom to or from a physiological donor/acceptor with the metal center. Furthermore, tungsten has an n-type semiconductor band gap. Tungsten forms complexes by reacting with several elements such as H, C, N, O, and P as well as other numerous inorganic elements. Interestingly, all tungsten reactions occur at ambient temperature, usually with tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane under vacuum. Tungsten has extraordinarily high-temperature properties, making it very useful for X-ray production and heating elements in furnaces. Tungsten coordinates with diverse nonmetallic elements and ligands and produces interesting compounds. This article describes an overview of the synthesis of various organometallic compounds of tungsten.
The almost semimonotone matrices
Authors: Wendler Megan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A (strictly) semimonotone matrix A ∈ ℝ
n

×

n
is such that for every nonzero vector x ∈ ℝ
n
with nonnegative entries, there is an index k such that xk
> 0 and (Ax)
k
is nonnegative (positive). A matrix which is (strictly) semimonotone has the property that every principal submatrix is also (strictly) semimonotone. Thus, it becomes natural to examine the almost (strictly) semimonotone matrices which are those matrices which are not (strictly) semimonotone but whose proper principal submatrices are (strictly) semimonotone. We characterize the 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 almost (strictly) semimonotone matrices and describe many of their properties. Then we explore general almost (strictly) semimonotone matrices, including the problem of detection and construction. Finally, we relate (strict) central matrices to semimonotone matrices.
Intermittierende Durchflusserzeugung unter Einsatz von Kavitationsdüsen
Authors: Schumann Daniel , Kroner Corinna , Mickan Bodo , Tränckner Jens 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungKavitation ist ein allgemein bekanntes Phänomen in der Welt der Strömungsmechanik. Die Anwendung kavitierender Venturi-Düsen, sog. Kavitationsdüsen als Durchflussregelelement ist hingegen neuartig. Ziel der Untersuchungen zur intermittierenden Durchflusserzeugung durch Kavitationsdüsen ist die Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit dieser Technologie zur realitätsnahen Prüfung von Durchflussmessgeräten. Die verwendete Apparatur wird in eine bestehende Prüfstandsinfrastruktur integriert. Zunächst werden die Düsen einzeln charakterisiert. Dies belegte eine mit anderen Verfahren bisher nicht erreichte Durchflussstabilität mit einer mittleren Streuung von 0,0015 % der aktuellen Durchflussamplitude. Das Öffnen und Schließen der Düsen innerhalb weniger Millisekunden durch pneumatische Stempel ermöglicht die Realisierung intermittierender Durchflusssequenzen mit einer Wiederholpräzision von bis zu ± 0,07 %. Aufgrund des nahezu additiven Verhaltens der Düsen (± 0,1 %) ist der Volumenstrom von Düsenpaarungen annähernd die Summe der Volumenströme der einzelnen Düsen. Es wurden zwei unterschiedliche Durchflusssequenzen mittels der Kavitationsdüsenapparatur erzeugt und die Reaktion von zwei Durchflussmessgeräten auf den intermittierenden Betrieb beobachtet. Die vorgestellten Untersuchungen belegen, dass der Einsatz von Kavitationsdüsen es ermöglicht, Durchflussmessgeräte unter realitätsnahen Bedingungen mit der erforderlichen Genauigkeit zu testen und zu bewerten - was bisher nicht möglich war. Kavitationsdüsen könnten somit den Weg zu Testverfahren ebnen, die den realen Bedingungen bei Durchflussmessungen am nächsten kommen.
A compact and powerful EMAT design for contactless detection of inhomogeneities inside the liquid volume of metallic tanks
Authors: Rieger Kai , Erni Daniel , Rueter Dirk 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A simple and powerful design of an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) without bulky permanent magnets is presented. The EMAT is operated in a pulse echo modality and generates longitudinal ultrasound at about 1 MHz. Unlike shear waves, these longitudinal ultrasound pulses can propagate in liquids.
The generally addressed application scenario is the examination of a liquid volume inside a metallic container or tank, e. g., the detection of inhomogeneities within the liquid. The herein proposed EMAT operates for virtually all metallic containers, i. e., it succeeds for container walls made of aluminum or ferromagnetic steel, and even for non-ferromagnetic (stainless) steel. Moreover, unlike piezo transducers, EMAT techniques allow for a non-contacting ultrasound transduction: the air gap between the EMAT sensor coil and the tank’s metallic surface extends up to 2 mm. Even with this relatively large air gap, the biasing magnetic field approaches a flux density of 3.2 T at the surface, more than what is possible to achieve with the permanent magnets of conventional and bulkier EMATs. Strong fields improve the coupling efficiency of the principally low-efficiency EMAT mechanism, which is important for both ultrasound transmission and reception.
For that superior field intensity, a unipolar current pulse of up to 3.6 kA is applied through the thin windings (0.5 mm) of the EMAT coil. This paper presents a novel solid-state EMAT circuitry for such strong currents and MHz pulsed voltages >1 kV.
As a particularly delicate task, the powerful circuitry must also detect the rather weak echo signals in the μV range. A very short recovery time is required after such a strong emission burst. The discussed circuitry consists of three unipolar high-current modules, which can each be independently launched. This allows for received echo signals that can be timed independently, e. g., objects deep inside the liquid tank can be specifically addressed. In general, this work concentrates on the novel circuitry in parallel connection, the general pulse-echo functionality and the magnetic fields. A detailed analysis and shaping of the ultrasonic fields through different EMAT coil geometries would exceed the scope of this contribution and is to be reported separately.