bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basin edge effects and damping
Authors: Ballagh Rowan , Cattanach Alistair 
Published: December 2019

The Kaikōura earthquake brought the concept of basin effects to the forefront of conversation about building in the Wellington CBD. Local exceedances of ULS design spectra were observed in many waterfront sites in the 1.5-2.5s period range. This, coupled with low yield levels and certain structural forms present in previous generations of building design, meant that significant damage occurred in many buildings around the Wellington waterfront. A primary cause for the high spectral accelerations was the geological structure of the Wellington CBD. This paper will focus on the behaviour of generic buildings in response to these particular ground motions and suggest how lessons from this can inform the design of future buildings. It uses the Kaikōura Earthquake as the centre point for discussions about the relationship between building behaviour on soft soils and the effects on this of different forms of damping. More broadly, the aim is to help spark debate in the earthquake engineering community on the question: What sorts of structures should we be building on soft soil sites? This paper has been written in the wake of a number of damaging earthquakes throughout New Zealand, and with the concurrent increase in sophistication and spread of tools for analysing the effects of the ground motions induced by these earthquakes. The genesis of the ideas presented herein was in analysis of many waterfront buildings following the Kaikoura earthquake, and the attempts, often in vain, to match modelled building behaviour- where small tweaks in assumptions could have a radical effect on results- with actual observed damage – where cracks may have been seen in concrete or in partitions, but assessment of actual plastic strains reached in steel bars or beams was basically conjecture. This paper is broad in scope, therefore cannot possibly give each aspect the coverage of a series of papers which consider them in isolation and in detail. We nonetheless strongly believe that a holistic view of all topics is critical for design, and that the authors as ‘front line’ structural engineers are well positioned to present this. Sincere attempts have been made to justify our point of view with a strong basis in first principles, and backed by nonlinear time history analysis, or by reference to the work of others. We acknowledge that our beliefs are not shared by everyone and that some conclusions are provocative. It is neither the intent nor even the hope that we have the last word on this topic.
Experimental studies on in-plane performance of plasterboard sheathed ceiling diaphragms
Authors: Liu Angela , Li Minghao , Shelton Roger 
Published: December 2019

The ultimate goal of this study is to develop a model representing the in-plane behaviour of plasterboard ceiling diaphragms, as part of the efforts towards performance-based seismic engineering of low-rise light timber-framed (LTF) residential buildings in New Zealand (NZ).
LTF residential buildings in NZ are constructed according to a prescriptive standard – NZS 3604 Timber-framed buildings [1]. With regards to seismic resisting systems, LTF buildings constructed to NZS3604 often have irregular bracing arrangements within a floor plan. A damage survey of LTF buildings after the Canterbury earthquake revealed that structural irregularity (irregular bracing arrangement within a plan) significantly exacerbated the earthquake damage to LTF buildings. When a building has irregular bracing arrangements, the building will have not only translational deflections but also a torsional response in earthquakes. How effectively the induced torsion can be resolved depends on the stiffness of the floors/roof diaphragms. Ceiling and floor diaphragms in LTF buildings in NZ have different construction details from the rest of the world and there appears to be no information available on timber diaphragms typical of NZ practice.
This paper presents experimental studies undertaken on plasterboard ceiling diaphragms as typical of NZ residential practice. Based on the test results, a mathematical model simulating the in-plane stiffness of plasterboard ceiling diaphragms was developed, and the developed model has a similar format to that of plasterboard bracing wall elements presented in an accompany paper by Liu [2]. With these two models, three-dimensional non-linear push-over studies of LTF buildings can be undertaken to calculate seismic performance of irregular LTF buildings.
Advance Care Planning and Decision-Making in a Home-Based Primary Care Service in a Canadian Urban Centre
Authors: Huggins Madison , McGregor Margaret J. , Cox Michelle B. , Bauder Katie , Slater Jay , Yap Clarissa , Mallery Laurie , Moorhouse Paige , Rusnak Conrad 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is a process that enables individuals to describe, in advance, the kind of health care they would want in the future, and has been shown to reduce hospital-based interventions at the end of life. Our goal was to describe the current state of ACP in a home-based primary care program for frail homebound older people in Vancouver, Canada. We did this by identifying four key elements that should be essential to ACP in this program: frailty stage, documentation of substitute decision-makers, and decision-making with regard to both resuscitation (i.e., do not resuscitate (DNR)) and hospitalization (i.e., do not hospitalize (DNH)). While these elements are an important part of the ACP process, they are often excluded from common practice. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, observational study of data abstracted from 200 randomly selected patient electronic medical records between July 1 and September 30, 2017. We describe the association between demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and four key elements of ACP documentation and decision-making as documented in the clinical record using bivariate comparison, a logistic regression model and multiple logistic regression analysis. ResultsIn 73% (n=146) of the patient records, there was no explicit documentation of frailty stage. Sixty-four percent had documentation of a substitute decision-maker. Of those who had their preferences documented, 90.6% (n=144/159) indicated a preference for DNR, and 23.6% (n=29/123) indicated a preference for DNH. In multiple regression modeling, a diagnosis of dementia and older age were associated with documentation of a DNR preference, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.79 (95% CI 1.37, 16.71) and AOR = 1.14 (95% CI 1.05, 1.24), respectively. Older age, male sex, and English identified as the main language spoken were associated with a DNH preference. AOR = 1.17 (95% CI 1.06, 1.28), AOR = 4.19 (95% CI 1.41, 12.42), and AOR = 3.42 (95% CI 1.14, 10.20), respectively. ConclusionsClinician documentation of some elements of ACP, such as identification of a substitute decision-maker and resuscitation status, have been widely adopted, while other elements that should be considered essential components of ACP, such as frailty staging and preferences around hospitalization, are infrequent and provide an opportunity for practice improvement initiatives. The significant association between language and ACP decisions suggests an important role for supporting cross-cultural fluency in the ACP process.
Evaluación de las competencias digitales sobre seguridad de los estudiantes de Educación Básica
Authors: García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso Ana , Salvador Blanco Laurentino , Casillas Martín Sonia , Basilotta Gómez-Pablos Verónica 
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del trabajo es elaborar y analizar una prueba de evaluación dirigida a estudiantes que finalizan la Educación Primaria. La prueba se ha diseñado para medir los conocimientos, capacidades y actitudes de los estudiantes en las 4 competencias del área de seguridad señaladas en el modelo DigComp (protección de los dispositivos, de los datos personales, de la salud y del medio ambiente). Para su análisis ha sido aplicada a 600 estudiantes entre 12 y 14 años. Los ítems muestran unos índices adecuados de discriminación y dificultad, así como se encuentran correlaciones significativas entre las dimensiones de conocimiento, habilidad y actitud. La fiabilidad de la prueba se ha estimado en Alfa de Cronbach=0,68. La validez se ha asegurado mediante juicio de expertos y el análisis de la estructura factorial de la prueba.
The objective of this study is to develop and analyse an evaluation test aimed at students who are at the end of their Primary Education. The test is designed to measure the knowledge, abilities and attitudes of students in the 4 safety competences identified in the DigComp model (protecting devices, personal data, health and the environment). The test was administered to 600 students aged between 12 and 14 in order to analyse it. The items show some suitable discrimination and difficulty indices, and significant correlations between the dimensions of knowledge, skill and attitude were also found. Test reliability was estimated with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.68. Validity was ensured through experts’ judgment and analysis of the test’s factorial structure.
La responsabilidad social en las dimensiones de la ciudadanía corporativa. Un estudio de caso en la manufactura agrícola
Authors: López Nevárez Virginia , Zavala Féliz Bianca Denisse 
Published: December 2019

La manufactura agrícola tiene un papel importante en esta economía ya que dentro de la cadena agro-industrial provee la maquinaria para el cultivo de la tierra. Esta función implica que debe tomar acción para que la región se desarrolle y tenga un crecimiento sostenible, para ello se plantea la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) como una alternativa a nivel organizacional para avanzar en la transformación social. La RSC ha tenido una evolución significativa, se ha convertido en un fenómeno global, surgiendo iniciativas para su estudio, que permiten ponerla en práctica en las organizaciones, independientemente del sector donde se ubiquen. Por ello, en esta investigación se estableció como objetivo conocer cómo está constituida la Ciudadanía Corporativa en la Empresa de Manufactura Agrícola, con la finalidad de presentar el panorama actual de su responsabilidad social y plantear recomendaciones de cómo avanzar hacia una trasformación social. Se realizó un estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo, llegando a resultados descriptivos y explicativos, a partir de las dimensiones establecidas por el Modelo de Ciudadanía Corporativa del Boston College. Se concluye que la empresa estudiada se encuentra en la etapa elemental, en virtud de que cuenta con la capacidad para realizar mejores prácticas de responsabilidad social, pero es necesario incluirlas formalmente en su filosofía y estructura organizacional.
Innovación social: Factores claves para su desarrollo en los territorios
Authors: García-Flores Víctor , Palma Martos Luis 
Published: December 2019

Existe un amplio consenso sobre que la innovación social es un fenómeno necesario para contribuir a resolver los nuevos retos sociales de carácter complejo y multidimensional que han proliferado en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, y aunque la innovación social ha ido ganando peso, no hay acuerdo general sobre qué es, ni se conocen en profundidad todos los factores que determinan su aparición en un territorio.En el contexto descrito, este trabajo tiene como objetivos principales hacer una revisión del estado del arte, proponer una definición de innovación social e identificar y analizar la importancia de aquellos factores que favorecen su nacimiento y desarrollo en el territorio. Con este fin, se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa a través de la revisión sistemática de la literatura y la realización de 24 entrevistas semiestructuradas a agentes inmersos en procesos de innovación social. Las entrevistas, una vez transcritas, fueron analizadas con el programa Atlas.ti, lo que ha permitido proponer una definición de innovación social y plantear cinco grandes pilares (elementos sociales y culturales; apoyo político e institucional; conocimiento y mecanismos facilitadores; componentes espaciales y entidades; y mecanismos que determinan la estructura productiva empresarial y social), que agrupan 29 factores identificados y ponderados en función del número de veces que fueron señalados por los entrevistados. Finalmente, se ha realizado un análisis interpretativo de los resultados en el que se explica la relevancia de cada uno de los factores y la relación existente entre ellos.
Engineering Smart Nanofluidic Systems for Artificial Ion Channels and Ion Pumps: From Single‐Pore to Multichannel Membranes
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Huang Xiaodong , Qian Yongchao , Chen Weipeng , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiological ion channels and ion pumps with intricate ion transport functions widely exist in living organisms and play irreplaceable roles in almost all physiological functions. Nanofluidics provides exciting opportunities to mimic these working processes, which not only helps understand ion transport in biological systems but also paves the way for the applications of artificial devices in many valuable areas. Recent progress in the engineering of smart nanofluidic systems for artificial ion channels and ion pumps is summarized. The artificial systems range from chemically and structurally diverse lipid‐membrane‐based nanopores to robust and scalable solid‐state nanopores. A generic strategy of gate location design is proposed. The single‐pore‐based platform concept can be rationally extended into multichannel membrane systems and shows unprecedented potential in many application areas, such as single‐molecule analysis, smart mass delivery, and energy conversion. Finally, some present underpinning issues that need to be addressed are discussed.
High Active Material Loading in All‐Solid‐State Battery Electrode via Particle Size Optimization
Authors: Shi Tan , Tu Qingsong , Tian Yaosen , Xiao Yihan , Miara Lincoln J. , Kononova Olga , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLow active material loading in the composite electrode of all‐solid‐state batteries (SSBs) is one of the main reasons for the low energy density in current SSBs. In this work, it is demonstrated with both modeling and experiments that in the regime of high cathode loading, the utilization of cathode material in the solid‐state composite is highly dependent on the particle size ratio of the cathode to the solid‐state conductor. The modeling, confirmed by experimental data, shows that higher cathode loading and therefore an increased energy density can be achieved by increasing the ratio of the cathode to conductor particle size. These results are consistent with ionic percolation being the limiting factor in cold‐pressed solid‐state cathode materials and provide specific guidelines on how to improve the energy density of composite cathodes for solid‐state batteries. By reducing solid electrolyte particle size and increasing the cathode active material particle size, over 50 vol% cathode active material loading with high cathode utilization is able to be experimentally achieved, demonstrating that a commercially‐relevant, energy‐dense cathode composite is achievable through simple mixing and pressing method.
Chronic rhinosinusitis in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: clinical presentation and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
Authors: Low Christopher M. , Keogh Karina A. , Saba Elias S. , Gruszczynski Nelson R. , Berti Alvise , Specks Ulrich , Baqir Misbah , Smith Byron M , Choby Garret , Stokken Janalee K. , O'Brien Erin K. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIn this study we aim to describe presenting characteristics and identify prognostic factors for disease resolution in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the setting of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).MethodsPatients evaluated at a tertiary care center with diagnoses of EGPA and CRS were identified. Descriptive statistics were obtained. Univariate analysis was used to search for prognostic factors associated with higher Lund‐Mackay score at presentation and disease resolution.ResultsForty‐four patients were included with a mean age of 52.7 (standard deviation, 14) years. Twenty‐one patients (47.7%) were female, all had a diagnosis of asthma, and 36 (83.7%) had eosinophils >10%. Common presenting symptoms for CRS included nasal discharge (87.9%) followed by nasal congestion (83.9%) and facial pain and pressure (83.8%). Medical management of CRS included systemic corticosteroids (93.2%) and systemic antibiotics (75%). Surgical intervention occurred in 29 patients (67%). Nine patients (20.5%) had resolution of sinus symptoms, including 4 with imaging confirmation. Fourteen patients (31.8%) had continued CRS, but with improved symptoms, whereas 9 patients (20.5%) had continued CRS with no improvement in symptoms. Eleven patients (25%) were lost to follow‐up and 4 (9.1%) died. Univariate analysis did not show antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity, presence of peripheral eosinophilia, gender, age, or absence of systemic therapy to be predictive of higher Lund‐Mackay score at presentation or predictive of disease resolution.ConclusionCRS in patients with EGPA is often refractory to medical and surgical management. Treatment of these patients should occur in a multidisciplinary setting.
An analysis of organic carbon removal in a two‐reactor cascade with recycle and a two‐reactor step‐feed cascade with recycle
Authors: Nelson Mark Ian , Bradshaw‐Hajek Bronwyn H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe analyse the steady‐state operation of two process configurations that employ a reactor cascade with recycle. The first process configuration is a two‐reactor cascade in which the feed stream enters into the first reactor. The second process configuration is a two‐reactor step‐feed cascade in which the feed stream enters the second reactor. In each process configuration, part of the effluent stream is recycled back into the first reactor. The reactors in the cascade need not be of equal volume. The reaction is assumed to be a biological process governed by Monod growth kinetics with a decay coefficient for the microorganisms. The stability of the washout solution is determined analytically for both process configurations. It follows from the stability analysis that that there is a range of residence times over which the effluent concentration leaving a step‐reactor cascade is lower than that leaving a standard reactor cascade. Steady‐state diagrams are presented showing the effluent concentration as a function of the residence time. We find that if the desired effluent concentration is not too low, then the process configuration that minimises the residence time is the step‐feed reactor cascade. However, for much cleaner waste streams, the process configuration that minimises the residence time is the standard reactor cascade.
A Dewetted‐Dealloyed Nanoporous Pt Co‐Catalyst Formed on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Leads to Strongly Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Ji Lei , Spanu Davide , Denisov Nikita , Recchia Sandro , Schmuki Patrik , Altomare Marco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPt nanoparticles are typically decorated as co‐catalyst on semiconductors to enhance the photocatalytic performance. Due to the low abundance and high cost of Pt, reaching a high activity with minimized co‐catalyst loadings is a key challenge in the field. We explore a dewetting‐dealloying strategy to fabricate on TiO2 nanotubes nanoporous Pt nanoparticles, aiming at improving the co‐catalyst mass activity for H2 generation. For this, we sputter first Pt‐Ni bi‐layers of controllable thickness (nm range) on highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays, and then induce dewetting‐alloying of the Pt‐Ni bi‐layers by a suitable annealing step in a reducing atmosphere: the thermal treatment causes the Pt and Ni films to agglomerate and at the same time mix with each other, forming on the TiO2 nanotube surface metal islands of a mixed PtNi composition. In a subsequent step we perform chemical dealloying of Ni that is selectively etched out from the bimetallic dewetted islands, leaving behind nanoporous Pt decorations. Under optimized conditions, the nanoporous Pt‐decorated TiO2 structures show a>6 times higher photocatalytic H2 generation activity compared to structures modified with a comparable loading of dewetted, non‐porous Pt. We ascribe this beneficial effect to the nanoporous nature of the dealloyed Pt co‐catalyst, which provides an increased surface‐to‐volume ratio and thus a more efficient electron transfer and a higher density of active sites at the co‐catalyst surface for H2 evolution.
Berechnung der Rissbreite von mit Stahlfasern und Betonstahl bewehrten Betonbauteilen
Authors: Empelmann Martin , Oettel Vincent , Cramer Jonas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNach derzeitigem Stand der DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton“ erfolgt der Rissbreitennachweis von Bauteilen aus Stahlfaserbeton mit Betonstahlbewehrung unter Ansatz der Nachrisszugfestigkeit in der Leistungsklasse L2 (L2‐Wert). Der L2‐Wert wird in der DAfStb‐Richtlinie für Nachweise im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit verwendet, obwohl der Ansatz der Nachrisszugfestigkeit in der Leistungsklasse L1 (L1‐Wert) zutreffender wäre, da dieser bezeichnend für Nachweise im Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkeit ist. In der DAfStb‐Richtlinie wurde aber aufgrund der geringen Anzahl an Versuchsergebnissen und fehlender Auswertungen der Ansatz des L2‐Werts beim Rissbreitennachweis auf der sogenannten „sicheren Seite liegend“ verankert. Um diesen Umstand näher zu untersuchen, wurde am iBMB, Fachgebiet Massivbau der TU Braunschweig der Ansatz zur Berechnung der Rissbreite nach DAfStb‐Richtlinie mit nationalen und internationalen Versuchsdaten zu Rissbreiten von Stahlfaserbeton mit Betonstahlbewehrung verglichen. Des Weiteren erfolgte ein Vergleich zu experimentellen und rechnerischen Rissbreiten von reinen Stahlbetonbauteilen unter Ansatz der DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 in Verbindung mit DIN EN 1992‐1‐1/NA. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass bei Verwendung des L1‐Werts beim Rissbreitennachweis von Stahlfaserbeton mit Betonstahlbewehrung nahezu das gleiche Vorhersageniveau wie beim Rissbreitennachweis von Stahlbeton nach DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 in Verbindung mit DIN EN 1992‐1‐1/NA erzielt wird.
Beyond Ideology: Epistemological Foundations of Vladimir Fock's approach to Quantum Theory
Authors: Martinez Jean‐Philippe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVladimir Fock was a Soviet theoretical physicist who, from the 1930s, worked to prove that modern physics was compatible with the Marxist philosophy of dialectical materialism. In 1957, he went to Copenhagen, and a dispute over the interpretation of quantum mechanics began with Niels Bohr. Fock later claimed that he had found points of convergence with his Danish colleague, most of them concerning issues of wording and recognition of the reality of the world independently of our mind. It led to a specific narrative among historians of physics on Fock and his interpretation of quantum mechanics: The Soviet physicist is often described as a member of the Copenhagen school that contributed to the rapprochement of the Soviet philosophy of physics with the ideas of complementarity in stripping away the positivism in its formulation. Our contribution aims to show that this ideological dimension was only one aspect of reality. Returning to the foundations of Fock's epistemology of physics, we argue that he relied on the principles of antireductionism and scientific realism to develop an interpretation of the theory that sought to overcome Bohr's approach and that the differences between the two men cannot be reduced to mere questions of formulation.