bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<p><strong>New species of the genus <em>Xorides</em> Latréille, 1809 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Xoridinae) from Kenya</strong></p>
Authors: VARGA OLEKSANDR 
Published: March 2020

Xorides tertiusdecimus sp. nov., a thirteenth known Afrotropical species of the genus Xorides Latréille, 1809, is described from Kenya. The newly described species is similar to Xorides maculiceps (Cameron, 1906), but differs in having the carinate propodeum and rugulo-punctate first metasomal tergite. Key words: Xoridinae, parasitoid, new species, Kenya
Integration of transcriptome-wide association study and messenger RNA expression profile to identify genes associated with osteoarthritis
Authors: Qi Xin , Yu Fangfang , Wen Yan , Li Ping , Cheng Bolun , Ma Mei , Cheng Shiqiang , Zhang Lu , Liang Chujun , Liu Li , Zhang Feng 
Published: March 2020

Aims Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease. However, the specific and definitive genetic mechanisms of OA are still unclear. Methods Tissue-related transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) of hip OA and knee OA were performed utilizing the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of hip OA and knee OA (including 2,396 hospital-diagnosed hip OA patients versus 9,593 controls, and 4,462 hospital-diagnosed knee OA patients versus 17,885 controls) and gene expression reference to skeletal muscle and blood. The OA-associated genes identified by TWAS were further compared with the differentially expressed genes detected by the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles of hip OA and knee OA. Functional enrichment and annotation analysis of identified genes was performed by the DAVID and FUMAGWAS tools. Results We detected 33 common genes, eight common gene ontology (GO) terms, and one common pathway for hip OA, such as calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) (PTWAS = 0.025, FCmRNA = -1.575 for skeletal muscle), adrenomedullin (ADM) (PTWAS = 0.022, FCmRNA = -4.644 for blood), Golgi apparatus (PTWAS <0.001, PmRNA = 0.012 for blood), and phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signalling pathway (PTWAS = 0.033, PmRNA = 0.005 for blood). For knee OA, we detected 24 common genes, eight common GO terms, and two common pathways, such as histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1 (HLA-DRB1) (PTWAS = 0.040, FCmRNA = 4.062 for skeletal muscle), Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) (PTWAS = 0.048, FCmRNA = 3.000 for blood), cytoplasm (PTWAS < 0.001, PmRNA = 0.005 for blood), and complement and coagulation cascades (PTWAS = 0.017, PmRNA = 0.001 for skeletal muscle). Conclusion We identified a group of OA-associated genes and pathways, providing novel clues for understanding the genetic mechanism of OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(3):130–138.
An integrated analysis of the competing endogenous RNA network and co-expression network revealed seven hub long non-coding RNAs in osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Haitao , Chen Liaobin 
Published: March 2020

Aims This study aimed to uncover the hub long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) differentially expressed in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage using an integrated analysis of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and co-expression network. Methods Expression profiles data of ten OA and ten normal tissues of human knee cartilage were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE114007). The differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified using the edgeR package. We integrated human microRNA (miRNA)-lncRNA/mRNA interactions with DElncRNA/DEmRNA expression profiles to construct a ceRNA network. Likewise, lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were used to build a co-expression network with the WGCNA package. Potential hub lncRNAs were identified based on an integrated analysis of the ceRNA network and co-expression network. StarBase and Multi Experiment Matrix databases were used to verify the lncRNAs. Results We detected 1,212 DEmRNAs and 49 DElncRNAs in OA and normal knee cartilage. A total of 75 dysregulated lncRNA-miRNA interactions and 711 dysregulated miRNA-mRNA interactions were obtained in the ceRNA network, including ten DElncRNAs, 69 miRNAs, and 72 DEmRNAs. Similarly, 1,330 dysregulated lncRNA-mRNA interactions were used to construct the co-expression network, which included ten lncRNAs and 407 mRNAs. We finally identified seven hub lncRNAs, named MIR210HG, HCP5, LINC00313, LINC00654, LINC00839, TBC1D3P1-DHX40P1, and ISM1-AS1. Subsequent enrichment analysis elucidated that these lncRNAs regulated extracellular matrix organization and enriched in osteoclast differentiation, the FoxO signalling pathway, and the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling pathway in the development of OA. Conclusion The integrated analysis of the ceRNA network and co-expression network identified seven hub lncRNAs associated with OA. These lncRNAs may regulate extracellular matrix changes and chondrocyte homeostasis in OA progress. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(3):90–98.
High extinction ratio and low loss polarization beam splitter based on multimode interference for PICs
Authors: Hassan Shamsul , Chack Devendra , Mahajan Varad 
Published: March 2020

A polarization beam splitter (PBS) with a high extinction ratio that is based on multimode interference (MMI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The PBS is designed using cascaded MMI to enhance the extinction ratio (ER) and minimize insertion loss (IL) compared to a conventional MMI structure. The proposed device has a high extinction ratio (22.3 dB for TE and 25.6 dB for TM) and a low insertion loss (0.7 dB for TE and 0.1 dB for TM) at a wavelength of 1550 nm while the device supports a broad bandwidth of 60 nm (

E
R

>

16

d
B

) for both polarizations over a wavelength between 1520–1580 nm. Moreover, the eigenmode expansion method shows that the device has a large fabrication tolerance of an MMI width

±

40

n
m

and a length

±

1500

n
m

. The proposed PBS can be used in on-chip silicon photonic integrated circuits for polarization division multiplexing.
Temporal contrast enhancement of ultrashort pulses using a spatiotemporal plasma-lens filter
Authors: Zhu Ping , Zigler Arie , Xie Xinglong , Zhang Dongjun , Yang Qingwei , Sun Meizhi , Papeer Jenya , Kang Jun , Gao Qi , Liang Xiao , Zhu Haidong , Guo Ainlin , Liang Yan , Ji Shengzhe , Ren Lei , Liu Huiya , Kang Ning , Zhao Yao , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: March 2020

The spatiotemporal plasma-lens filter proposed here enhances the temporal contrast of the ultrashort pulse laser by combining plasma optics and spatial filtering. Experimentally, the spatiotemporal plasma-lens filter has improved the temporal contrast by 2 orders of magnitude with 80% laser transmission efficiency under a 1 Hz repetitive laser operation. Not only were the pre-pulse and the pedestal cleaned out, but also the rising edge of the main pulse was sharpened.
Photonic engineering of superbroadband near-infrared emission in nanoglass composites containing hybrid metal and dielectric nanocrystals
Authors: Gao Zhigang , Zhu Haibo , Sun Bochao , Ji Yingke , Lu Xiaosong , Tian Hao , Ren Jing , Guo Shu , Zhang Jianzhong , Yang Jun , Meng Xiangeng , Tanaka Katsuhisa 
Published: March 2020

Photonic media containing hybrid noble metal–dielectric nanocrystals (NCs) represent a wonderland of nanophotonics, with a myriad of uncharted optical functions yet to be explored. Capitalizing on the unique phase separation and spontaneous formation of Au-metal NCs in a gallosilicate glass, we fabricated

Ni

2
+

-doped transparent nanoglass composites (GCs) containing

Au
-
metal
/
γ
-

Ga
2

O
3

-dielectric NCs. Compared with GCs free of Au-metal NCs, the superbroadband near-infrared emission of

Ni

2
+

with a full width at half-maximum over 280 nm is enhanced twice in the

Au
-
metal
/
γ
-

Ga
2

O
3

dual-phase GCs. A comparison is given as to the spontaneous emission (SPE) properties of

Ni

2
+

in the dual-phase GCs when pumped resonantly and off-resonantly with the localized surface plasmon resonance band of the Au-metal NCs. The important role of the Au-metal NCs in the SPE enhancement is revealed by theoretical simulation based on the finite-element method. Combining the photonic engineering effect of hybrid

Au
-
metal
/
γ
-

Ga
2

O
3

NCs and the sensitization effect of

Yb

3
+

on

Ni

2
+

, a record-high enhancement factor of over 10 of the

Ni

2
+

NIR emission is achieved, and optical gain is demonstrated in the GCs at the fiber communication wavelength.
A Novel Susceptibility Locus Near GRIK2 Associated With Erosive Esophagitis in a Korean Cohort
Authors: Jin Eun Hyo , Park Boram , Kim Young Sun , Choe Eun Kyung , Choi Seung Ho , Kim Joo Sung , Jung Sung-Ae 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The male-predominant sex difference through the spectrum of erosive esophagitis to Barrett's esophagus is widely known. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) stratified by sex for identifying factors that can predict the endoscopically diagnosed erosive esophagitis.

METHODS:
Erosive esophagitis was diagnosed by endoscopy and assessed for severity. We identified genetic factors associated with erosive esophagitis that accounted for the sex differences in a cohort of 4,242 participants via a GWAS. After quality control and imputation, genetic associations with erosive esophagitis were investigated by multivariate linear regression in 3,620 subjects. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with P < 5.0 × 10−8 were considered significant genome wide, and a genetic risk score was constructed for the prediction of erosive esophagitis risk.

RESULTS:
Six genome-wide significant SNPs near the GRIK2 gene on chromosome 6 were found to be associated with erosive esophagitis only in male subjects. These were predictive of severity through a genetic risk score (P < 0.05), and the findings were validated in a cohort of 622 subjects (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
This is the first GWAS of erosive esophagitis, and we identified 6 genome-wide significant SNPs in male subjects. These SNPs could help explain the pathogenesis of erosive esophagitis and contribute to the understanding of sex differences. Further genetic investigation could allow for the prediction of high risk for erosive esophagitis and development of new treatment options.
Obesity and stress: endocrine and social aspects of the problem in the modern Russian society
Authors: Mazurina Nataliya V. , Leskova Irina V. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Logvinova Oksana V. , Adamskaya Lyubov V. , Krasnikovsky Vladimir Ya. 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is to consider stress as one of the etiological factors of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The review discusses both endocrine and social aspects of stress as a syndrome of adaptation to the current situation in Russian society.
It is emphasized that lifestyle factors contributing to the growth of overweight are gaining popularity in the society, and the high incidence of obesity is directly related to the level, quality and lifestyle of a modern man. Constant nervous tension, negative emotions, fear in conditions of abundance of food directly contributes to obesity, which is associated with a large number of other serious diseases.
Chronic hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and chronic hypersecretion of cortisol, if persistence is not a purely physiological condition. Endocrine mechanisms mediating the development of metabolic disorders on the background of chronic stress include activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, changes in eating behavior, hyper-production of glucagon and triglyceride accumulation in visceral fat depots.
Processes and social changes occurring in modern society contribute to the construction of everyday socio-cultural environment characterized by increased stress. Chronic stress in combination with physical inactivity, the result of improper lifestyle of modern people, becomes an effective factor contributing to the spread among the population of Russia not only overweight, but also various forms of obesity.
It is emphasized that at the state level there is an urgent need to adopt and implement effective programs and mechanisms to ensure the population meets modern requirements and environmental standards of healthy food, rationalization of food distribution among the population, the formation of a culture of food consumption, improving the quality of life of the population and the culture of a healthy lifestyle, teaching the population the correct stress-coping behavior.
Cytotoxic Activity of Hyptis Pectinate Extracts on MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Amalina Nur Dina , Suzery Meiny , Cahyono Bambang 
Published: March 2020

Hyptis pectinata (L.) poit, popularly known in the world as “comb bushmint” is a medicinal plant commonly used for the treatment of throat and skin inflammations, bacterial infection, pain and cancer. The objective of this research is to determine the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect under Hyptis pectinata ethanolic extract (HPE) treatment on breast cancer cells. The effect HPE of on cytotoxicity was examined by MTT assay on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This assay also used to determine cell proliferation over 3 days of treatment with 1.5 – 100 µg/mL HPE. HPE showed that exhibited cytotoxic effects with IC50 value of 30 µg/mL for 24 hours and changes the physiological morphology on MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, the treatment of HPE for 48 and 72 hours highly decreases cell viability on MCF-7 with dose and time-dependent manner compared to untreated cells. These results indicate that HPE has antiproliferative activities and maybe the potential to be developed as a natural chemotherapeutic agent.Keywords: Hyptis pectinata (L.) poit extract, cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, MCF-7 cells
Widening the lens on teaching and assessing clinical reasoning: from “in the head” to “out in the world”
Authors: Torre Dario , Durning Steven J. , Rencic Joseph , Lang Valerie , Holmboe Eric , Daniel Michelle 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Traditional teaching and assessment of clinical reasoning has focused on the individual clinician because of the preeminence of the information processing (IP) theory perspective. The clinician’s mind has been viewed as the main source of effective or ineffective reasoning, and other participants, the environment and their interactions have been largely ignored. A social cognitive theoretical lens could enhance our understanding of how reasoning and error and the environment are linked. Therefore, a new approach in which the clinical reasoning process is situated and examined within the context may be required. The theories of embodied cognition, ecological psychology, situated cognition (SitCog) and distributed cognition (DCog) offer new insights to help the teacher and assessor enhance the quality of clinical reasoning instruction and assessment. We describe the teaching and assessment implications of clinical reasoning and error through the lens of this family of theories. Direct observation in different contexts focused on individual and team performance, simulation (with or without enhancement of technology), stimulated recall, think-aloud, and modeling are examples of teaching and assessment strategies grounded in this family of social cognitive theories. Educators may consider the instructional design of learning environments and educational tools that promote a situated educational approach to the teaching and assessment of clinical reasoning.
Pro-Trade Blocs in the US Congress
Authors: Kim ByungKoo , Osgood Iain 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWho supports trade in the US Congress? We uncover the ideological space of trade voting, focusing on trade agreements and development policy as two fundamental cleavages around globalization. We then cluster members of Congress into coherent voting blocs, and identify the most pro-trade voting blocs in each Chamber. We find that these blocs: cross party lines; are ideologically heterogeneous; and are over-represented on the committees with jurisdiction over trade. We then examine two leading theories of Congressional voting – on constituency characteristics and campaign contributions – and find support for each using our learned voting blocs. Members of pro-trade blocs have defended their constituents’ and contributors’ interests by speaking out to confront the Trump administration’s protectionism. We conclude that unsupervised learning methods provide a valuable tool for exploring the multifaceted and dynamic divisions which characterize current debates over global economic integration.
Trump, Trade, and Immigration
Authors: Peters Margaret E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPresident Trump campaigned on “making America great again” through trade and immigration restrictions. I argue that it is difficult for policymakers to restrict both trade and immigration because of trade’s effects on business support for immigration. When trade is restricted, more low-skill intensive goods are made in the US, leading to more demand for low-skill immigration from businesses. As businesses are relatively powerful, we should expect immigration to open. Conversely, when trade opens, fewer low-skill intensive goods are made in the US, leading to the closure of the firms that produce these goods. This reduces demand for low-skill labor and, with it, the demand for low-skill immigration. As business demand for immigration recedes, policymakers restrict immigration to appease anti-immigrant groups. Using data on immigration and trade in the US, I show that this relationship has held over US history. At the end of the article I hypothesize several reasons why Trump’s tariffs are not leading to more demand for immigration due to their limited effects on trade and the job market.
Kant on the Ends of the Sciences
Authors: Sturm Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKant speaks repeatedly about the relations between ends or aims and scientific research, but the topic has mostly been ignored. What is the role of ends, especially (though not exclusively) practical ones, in his views on science? I will show that while Kant leaves ample space for recognizing a function of ends both in the definition and the pursuit of inquiry, and in the further practical application of scientific cognition, he does not claim that science is simply an instrument for achieving practical ends. I explain his complex conception, pointing out that Kant argues (1) that the sciences require ends for their very definition, (2) that ends come in fundamentally different kinds, (3) that the relation between science and ends requires the rational determination and hierarchization of all our ends, with “wisdom” as the highest, and (4) that this determination and hierarchization – which ought to be done by metaphysics – has itself to be carried out in a “scientific way”. I show further that (5) Kant gives sui generis weight to the epistemic aims and standards of science and to the autonomy of science from our practical lives. This places his position between separatism and anti-separatism with regard to the relation between science and our ends or values.
Life-threatening anaemia in patient with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome)
Authors: Mikołajczyk-Solińska Melania , Leończyk Karolina , Brzezina Aleksandra , Rossa Sylwia , Kasznicki Jacek 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant vascular disorder. Patients with HHT may present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from epistaxis to clinically significant arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the lungs, liver, brain and spine. The diagnosis of HHT is based on clinical criteria. There is a long diagnostic delay of nearly 3 decades since disease onset. The treatment is based on various types of haemostasis. There is ongoing research with potential therapies which may prevent and decrease the severity of epistaxis. Thalidomide may be an effective treatment to decrease the bleeding symptoms of patients with HHT.
Shoulder ultrasound in the diagnosis of the suprascapular neuropathy in athletes
Authors: Igielska-Bela Barbara , Baczkowski Bogusław , Flisikowski Karol 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeShoulder pain and weakness are common symptoms in athletes who play sports connected with overhead throwing. Suprascapular neuropathy may be one of the reason of such signs.The aim of the study was to find out if ultrasound examination of the shoulder in athletes reveals signs of suprascapular neuropathy.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study in which 67 professional volleyball, handball and rugby players of polish teams without shoulder disorders, which have played sport for 10 or more years, were included. An ultrasound examination of both shoulders was performed. Excluding criteria were recent shoulder and/or neck trauma and neurological disorders.ResultsNo ultrasound signs of suprascapular neuropathy were seen in any player. The only finding was enthesopathy of supraspinatus muscle and this finding was connected with athletes’ age, type of sport and with dominant hand. It had statistical significance with p-value respectively 0.01 for athletes’ age, 0.0208 for sport type and 0.03 for dominant hand.ConclusionsUltrasonography should not be used as the screening examination of shoulders in athletes, but it can sometimes be an additional tool to help to diagnose shoulder disorders.
XVA metrics for CCP optimization
Authors: Albanese Claudio , Armenti Yannick , Crépey Stéphane 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Based on an XVA analysis of centrally cleared derivative portfolios, we consider two capital and funding issues pertaining to the efficiency of the design of central counterparties (CCPs).
First, we consider an organization of a clearing framework, whereby a CCP would also play the role of a centralized XVA calculator and management center.
The default fund contributions would become pure capital at risk of the clearing members, remunerated as such at some hurdle rate, i.e. return-on-equity.
Moreover, we challenge the current default fund Cover 2 EMIR sizing rule with a broader risk based approach, relying on a suitable notion of economic capital of a CCP.
Second, we compare the margin valuation adjustments (MVAs) resulting from two different initial margin raising strategies.
The first one is unsecured borrowing by the clearing member.
As an alternative, the clearing member delegates the posting of its initial margin to a so-called specialist lender, which, in case of default of the clearing member, receives back from the CCP the portion of IM unused to cover losses.
The alternative strategy results in a significant MVA compression.
A numerical case study shows that the volatility swings of the IM funding expenses can even be the main contributor to an economic capital based default fund of a CCP.
This is an illustration of the transfer of counterparty risk into liquidity risk triggered by extensive collateralization.