bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social–ecological feedbacks drive spatial exploitation in a northern freshwater fishery: A halo of depletion
Authors: Wilson Kyle L. , Foos Aaron , Barker Oliver E. , Farineau Anne , De Gisi Joe , Post John R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Freshwater fisheries are complex social–ecological systems spatially structured by coupled feedbacks between people and nature. Spatial exploitation dynamics depend on angler preferences for multiple attributes that influence their site choices. Anglers then reciprocally impact local fish populations through size‐selective catch and harvest. Thus, feedbacks among angler site choices, their capture efficiency (i.e. catchability) and fish population dynamics permeate through whole landscapes.

We studied the coupled feedbacks and effects of spatial exploitation in an iconic northern freshwater fishery of conservation concern. Specifically, we evaluated several coupled feedbacks in the spatially structured Yukon lake trout fishery using a Bayesian multinomial choice model fitted to onsite interviews and fishery‐independent population assessments to identify whether: (a) trip context (day vs. multi‐day trips) shaped angler preferences and site choices, (b) catch‐based quality was influenced by a size–numbers trade‐off and density‐dependent catchability and (c) fish population structure was associated with the gravity of resource usage resulting from spatial exploitation.

Overall, we found that angler site choices were shaped by preferences for multiple characteristics including travel time and catch‐based quality. Angler preferences also varied with trip contexts—for example, anglers on day trips were less willing to travel than anglers on multi‐day trips. We detected strong density‐dependent catchability, which led to hyperstable catches and relatively few anglers dominated most of the catch.

There was a strong demographic trade‐off between lake trout body size and abundance that appeared to dynamically interact with anglers' size‐selective preferences for larger lake trout. Coupled feedbacks among angler site choices, size‐selective and hyperstable catches, and density‐dependent growth and survival appeared to structure spatial exploitation patterns leading to a halo of depletion in fish body sizes and fishing quality near urban centres.

Synthesis and applications. Feedbacks between fish and anglers affected spatial exploitation patterns leading to a halo of depletion in Yukon lake trout. We recommend fisheries' managers consider the size, distance and behaviours of nearby angler communities using measures of gravity to craft policies aligning expected resource usage with spatial conservation risks. Such approaches may help managers balance stakeholder needs with conservation targets across whole ecosystems.
Effectiveness of clear‐cuttings in non‐fragmented pine forests in relation to EU regulations for the eradication of the pine wood nematode
Authors: Robinet Christelle , Castagnone‐Sereno Philippe , Mota Manuel , Roux Géraldine , Sarniguet Corinne , Tassus Xavier , Jactel Hervé 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The invasive pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is one of the most serious threats to pine forests across the world. Detected in Europe in 1999, it has largely spread despite containment measures.

Following the European Union regulations, the requested eradication measure is to fell, remove and dispose of all susceptible plants within a clear‐cut zone (CCZ) of a radius of 500 m around any infected tree. This measure is controversial since its effectiveness is questioned.

An individual‐based model, describing the dispersal of the nematode vector and the nematode transmission, was used to estimate the relationship between the radius and the effectiveness of the CCZ at eradicating the PWN.

Clear‐cutting of a 500‐m radius is poorly effective in non‐fragmented pine forests since it reduces the number of PWN transmissions by only 0.6%–11.5%. To significantly reduce the number of transmissions, the radius should be between 14 and 38 km, which is not technically nor ethically feasible.

Policy implications. Our results, based on model simulations at a fine spatial scale, prove that clear‐cutting susceptible trees 500 m around any infested tree—as requested by EU regulation to eradicate the PWN—is not effective in large and continuous pine forests. Instead, strengthened surveillance and sanitation felling could be explored.
Pollination biology in Roepera (Zygophyllaceae): How flower structure and shape influence foraging activity
Authors: Naghiloo Somayeh , Bellstedt Dirk U. , Claßen‐Bockhoff Regine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe foraging behavior of bees is a complex phenomenon that depends on numerous physical features of flowers. Of particular importance are accessibility of floral rewards, floral proportions, symmetry and orientation. The flowers of Roepera are characterized by the presence of staminal scales (SS), which play an important role in nectar protection. We studied two species of Roepera with different symmetry and flower orientation, which are mainly visited by honeybees (Apis mellifera). We aimed to show how the foraging behavior of honey bees is affected by the function of SS, floral symmetry and orientation. The foraging behavior was documented by video photography. Handling time, access to nectar, percentage of pollen/nectar foraging, percentage of pollen contact and pollen deposition site on the honey bee's body were assessed. The morphometric features of the honey bees and flowers were analyzed. We found that the SS restricted pollinator access to nectar. Our results indicated consistency of visitation patterns in zygomorphic, laterally oriented flowers of R. fuscata versus random patterns in actinomorphic, diversely oriented flowers of R. leptopetala. The relative proportions of SS and proboscis length appear to be crucial for the success of pollinators. The directionality of the honey bees' movement, together with the different positioning of reproductive organs, plays an important role in the accuracy of pollen transfer and pollination efficiency.
DsrL mediates electron transfer between NADH and rDsrAB in Allochromatium vinosum
Authors: Löffler Maria , Feldhues Julia , Venceslau Sofia S. , Kammler Lydia , Grein Fabian , Pereira Inês A. C. , Dahl Christiane 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDissimilatory sulphite reductase DsrAB occurs in sulphate/sulphite‐reducing prokaryotes, in sulphur disproportionators and also in sulphur oxidizers, where it functions in reverse. Predictions of physiological traits in metagenomic studies relying on the presence of dsrAB, other dsr genes or combinations thereof suffer from the lack of information on crucial Dsr proteins. The iron–sulphur flavoprotein DsrL is an example of this group. It has a documented essential function during sulphur oxidation and was recently also found in some metagenomes of probable sulphate and sulphite reducers. Here, we show that DsrL and reverse acting rDsrAB can form a complex and are copurified from the phototrophic sulphur oxidizer Allochromatium vinosum. Recombinant DsrL exhibits NAD(P)H:acceptor oxidoreductase activity with a strong preference for NADH over NADPH. In vitro, the rDsrABL complex effectively catalyses NADH‐dependent sulphite reduction, which is strongly enhanced by the sulphur‐binding protein DsrC. Our work reveals NAD+ as suitable in vivo electron acceptor for sulphur oxidation in organisms operating the rDsr pathway and points to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides as electron donors for sulphite reduction in sulphate/sulphite‐reducing prokaryotes that contain DsrL. In addition, dsrL cannot be used as a marker distinguishing sulphate/sulphite reducers and sulphur oxidizers in metagenomic studies without further analysis.
Dynamics of protest and electoral politics in the Great Recession
Authors: BREMER BJÖRN , HUTTER SWEN , KRIESI HANSPETER 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article links the consequences of the Great Recession on protest and electoral politics. It innovates by combining the literature on economic voting with social movement research and by presenting the first integrated, large‐scale empirical analysis of protest mobilisation and electoral outcomes in Europe. The economic voting literature offers important insights on how and under what conditions economic crises play out in the short‐run. However, it tends to ignore the closely connected dynamics of opposition in the two arenas and the role of protests in politicising economic grievances. More specifically, it is argued that economic protests act as a ‘signalling mechanism’ by attributing blame to decision makers and by highlighting the political dimension of deteriorating economic conditions. Ultimately, massive protest mobilisation should, thus, amplify the impact of economic hardship on the electoral losses of incumbents and mainstream parties more generally. The empirical analysis to study this relationship relies on an original semi‐automated protest event dataset combined with an updated dataset of electoral outcomes in 30 European countries from 2000 to 2015. The results indicate that the dynamics of economic protests and electoral punishment are closely related and point to a destabilisation of European party systems during the Great Recession.
Hempseed in food industry: Nutritional value, health benefits, and industrial applications
Authors: Leonard William , Zhang Pangzhen , Ying Danyang , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds have been consumed in Asian communities since prehistoric times. Recently, Australia, Canada, and the United States have legalized the cultivation and consumption of hempseed at low (<0.3%) tetrahydrocannabinol levels, and there's a growing interest in hempseed due to its nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. This review aims to summarize the chemical composition, nutritional value, and potential health benefits of hempseed, as researched via in vitro and in vivo trials. The application of hempseed in the food industry is limited due to its poor performance on some functional properties, so the latest processing methods developed to improve these properties were compared. Additionally, manufacturing technologies incorporating hemp seeds into existing food products are also elaborated. This review would promote further in‐depth research on this recently approved food resources and maximize its utilization in new food product development.
A genome‐wide screen identifies genes that suppress the accumulation of spontaneous mutations in young and aged yeast cells
Authors: Novarina Daniele , Janssens Georges E. , Bokern Koen , Schut Tim , van Oerle Noor C. , Kazemier Hinke G. , Veenhoff Liesbeth M. , Chang Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo ensure proper transmission of genetic information, cells need to preserve and faithfully replicate their genome, and failure to do so leads to genome instability, a hallmark of both cancer and aging. Defects in genes involved in guarding genome stability cause several human progeroid syndromes, and an age‐dependent accumulation of mutations has been observed in different organisms, from yeast to mammals. However, it is unclear whether the spontaneous mutation rate changes during aging and whether specific pathways are important for genome maintenance in old cells. We developed a high‐throughput replica‐pinning approach to screen for genes important to suppress the accumulation of spontaneous mutations during yeast replicative aging. We found 13 known mutation suppression genes, and 31 genes that had no previous link to spontaneous mutagenesis, and all acted independently of age. Importantly, we identified PEX19, encoding an evolutionarily conserved peroxisome biogenesis factor, as an age‐specific mutation suppression gene. While wild‐type and pex19Δ young cells have similar spontaneous mutation rates, aged cells lacking PEX19 display an elevated mutation rate. This finding suggests that functional peroxisomes may be important to preserve genome integrity specifically in old cells.
Predictive Accuracy of Electrocardiographic Monitoring of Patients With Syncope in the Emergency Department: The SyMoNE Multicenter Study
Authors: Solbiati Monica , Dipaola Franca , Villa Paolo , Seghezzi Sonia , Casagranda Ivo , Rabajoli Filippo , Fiorini Elisa , Porta Lorenzo , Casazza Giovanni , Voza Antonio , Barbic Franca , Montano Nicola , Furlan Raffaello , Costantino Giorgio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundArrhythmia is one of the most worrisome causes of syncope. Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is crucial for the management of non–low‐risk patients in the emergency department (ED). However, its diagnostic accuracy and optimal duration are unknown. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ECG monitoring in non–low‐risk patients with syncope in the ED.MethodsThis prospective multicenter observational study included adult patients presenting to the ED after syncope. Patients without an obvious etiology after ED evaluation who were classified by ED physicians as being at non–low risk of adverse events underwent ECG monitoring. We assessed sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic yield (defined as the proportion of patients with true‐positive ECG monitoring findings) of ECG monitoring in the identification of 7‐ and 30‐day adverse and arrhythmic events according to monitoring duration.ResultsOf 242 patients included in the study, 29 patients had 7‐day serious outcomes. Ten additional patients had serious outcomes at 30 days. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic yield of ECG monitoring in the identification of 7‐day adverse events were 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36 to 0.74], 0.93 (95% CI = 0.89 to 0.96), and 0.07 (95% CI = 0.04 to 0.10), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic yield of >12‐hour ECG monitoring in the identification of 7‐day adverse events were 0.89 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.99), 0.78 (95% CI = 0.67 to 0.87), and 0.18 (95% CI = 0.12 to 0.28), respectively. Similar results were observed for 30‐day adverse events. The median (interquartile range) ECG monitoring time was 6.5 (6 to 15) hours. ECG monitoring findings were positive in 31 patients.ConclusionsAlthough the overall diagnostic accuracy of ECG monitoring is fair, its sensitivity at >12 hours’ duration is substantially higher. These results suggest that prolonged (>12 hours) monitoring is a safe alternative to hospital admission in the management of non–low‐risk patients with syncope in the ED.
Evaluation of an autoregulatory ECMO system for total respiratory support in an acute ovine model
Authors: Conway Robert G. , Berk Zachary B. , Zhang Jiafeng , Li Tieluo , Tran Douglas , Wu Zhongjun J. , Griffith Bartley P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become a mainstay of therapy for patients suffering from severe respiratory failure. Ambulatory ECMO systems aim to provide long‐term out‐of‐hospital respiratory support. As a patient’s activity level changes, the required level of ECMO support varies with oxygen consumption and metabolic fluctuations. To compensate for such changes, an autoregulatory ECMO system (AR‐ECMO) has been developed and its performance was evaluated as a proof of concept in an acute ovine model. The AR‐ECMO system consists of a regular ECMO circuit and an electromechanical control system. A custom fuzzy logic control algorithm was implemented to adjust the blood flow and sweep gas flow of the ECMO circuit to meet the varying respiratory demand by utilizing two noninvasive sensors for venous oxyhemoglobin saturation and the oxygenator exhaust gas CO2concentration. Disturbance responses of the AR‐ECMO to induced acute respiratory distress were assessed for six hours in four juvenile sheep cannulated with a veno‐pulmonary artery ECMO configuration, including acute ventilator shutoff, ventilator step change (off‐on‐off), and forced desaturation. All sheep survived for the study duration. The AR‐ECMO system was able to respond and maintain stable hemodynamics and physiological blood gas contents (SpO2 = 96.3 % ± 4.29, pH 7.44 ± 0.09, pCO2 = 38.9 ± 9.9 mm Hg, and pO2=237.9 ± 123.6 mm Hg) during simulated respiratory distress. Acceptable correlation between oxygenator exhaust gas CO2and oxygenator outlet pCO2were observed (R2 = 0.84). In summary, the AR‐ECMO system successfully maintained physiologic control of peripheral oxygenation and carbon dioxide over the study period, utilizing only measurements taken directly from the ECMO circuit. The range of system response necessitates an adaptable system in the setting of variable metabolic demands. The ability of this system to respond to significant disturbances in ventilator support is encouraging. Future work to evaluate our AR‐ECMO system in long‐term, awake animal studies is necessary for further refinement.
Feasibility and safety of laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for locally recurrent rectal cancer and risk factors for re‐recurrence
Authors: Ichihara Momoko , Ikeda Masataka , Uemura Mamoru , Miyake Masakazu , Miyazaki Michihiko , Kato Takeshi , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionLateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis is considered a distant metastasis. It is often treated by systemic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, but complete radical resection of LPLN metastasis can sometimes achieve cure. However, the safety and efficacy of radical resection for recurrent LPLN after curative rectal surgery have not been well elucidated. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of laparoscopic radical surgery for recurrent LPLN compared with the conventional open approach and assessed oncological outcomes between patients with and without re‐recurrence.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 17 cases (4 open, 13 laparoscopic) who underwent radical resection for LPLN metastasis after curative rectal surgery between July 2012 and August 2016 at the National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital. Operative factors and short‐term outcomes were compared. Oncological outcome was evaluated based on the pathologic response to preoperative adjuvant therapy.ResultsThe laparoscopic group's median blood loss and C‐reactive protein elevation were lower than that of the open group on postoperative day 3. The laparoscopic group also had a shorter postoperative hospital stay. The median operative time, R0 resection rate, and morbidity rate were similar between the two groups. Local re‐recurrence after LPLN resection occurred more frequently in pathologic non‐responders than responders.ConclusionLaparoscopic surgery for LPLN metastasis is feasible and less invasive than open surgery. Laparoscopic radical resection of LPLN may be justified for curative intent. Patients with incomplete pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy have a greater risk of re‐recurrence.
The origins of gestures and language: history, current advances and proposed theories
Authors: Prieur Jacques , Barbu Stéphanie , Blois‐Heulin Catherine , Lemasson Alban 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTInvestigating in depth the mechanisms underlying human and non‐human primate intentional communication systems (involving gestures, vocalisations, facial expressions and eye behaviours) can shed light on the evolutionary roots of language. Reports on non‐human primates, particularly great apes, suggest that gestural communication would have been a crucial prerequisite for the emergence of language, mainly based on the evidence of large communication repertoires and their associated multifaceted nature of intentionality that are key properties of language. Such research fuels important debates on the origins of gestures and language. We review here three non‐mutually exclusive processes that can explain mainly great apes' gestural acquisition and development: phylogenetic ritualisation, ontogenetic ritualisation, and learningviasocial negotiation. We hypothesise the following scenario for the evolutionary origins of gestures: gestures would have appeared gradually through evolutionviasignal ritualisation following the principle of derived activities, with the key involvement of emotional expression and processing. The increasing level of complexity of socioecological lifestyles and associated daily manipulative activities might then have enabled the acquisition and development of different interactional strategies throughout the life cycle. Many studies support a multimodal origin of language. However, we stress that the origins of language are not only multimodal, but more broadly multicausal. We propose a multicausal theory of language origins which better explains current findings. It postulates that primates' communicative signalling is a complex trait continually shaped by a cost–benefit trade‐off of signal production and processing of interactants in relation to four closely interlinked categories of evolutionary and life cycle factors: species, individual and context‐related characteristics as well as behaviour and its characteristics. We conclude by suggesting directions for future research to improve our understanding of the evolutionary roots of gestures and language.
MiR‐1285‐5p/TMEM194A axis affects cell proliferation in breast cancer
Authors: Hironaka‐Mitsuhashi Ai , Otsuka Kurataka , Gailhouste Luc , Sanchez Calle Anna , Kumazaki Minami , Yamamoto Yusuke , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe onset of breast cancer among young patients is a major issue in cancer etiology. Our previous study has shown that poor prognosis in young women with breast cancer is associated with lower expression of the microRNA miR‐1285‐5p. In this study, we showed that the expression of miR‐1285‐5p is lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues. Accumulating evidence suggests that miR‐1285‐5p plays critical roles in various types of cancers. However, the functional role of miR‐1285‐5p in breast cancer remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed the tumor‐suppressive role of miR‐1285‐5p and detailed its mechanism of action in breast cancer. Overexpression of miR‐1285‐5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation in breast cancer cells regardless of the tumor subtype. Among the target genes of miR‐1285‐5p, we found that transmembrane protein 194A (TMEM194A) was directly regulated by miR‐1285‐5p. Notably, separation of centrosomes from the nuclear envelope was observed upon knockdown of TMEM194A or overexpression of miR‐1285‐5p. In conclusion, our findings show that miR‐1285‐5p is a tumor suppressor via TMEM194A inhibition in breast cancer.
Ubiquitination of NOTCH2 by DTX3 suppresses the proliferation and migration of human esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Ding Xin‐Yu , Hu Hai‐Yang , Huang Ke‐Nan , Wei Rong‐Qiang , Min Jie , Qi Chen , Tang Hua , Qin Xiong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe NOTCH2 gene plays a role in the development of many tumors. Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3 (DTX3) was identified as a novel E3 ligase for NOTCH2 and as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal cancer. However, whether DTX3 could regulate NOTCH2 to suppress the progression of esophageal carcinoma remains unknown. In our study, NOTCH2 had higher expression in human esophageal carcinoma cell lines compared to normal human esophageal epithelial cell line, and ablation of NOTCH2 suppressed the proliferation and migration of esophageal carcinoma cells. A novel E3 ligase for NOTCH2 was identified by yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) screening, and DTX3 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of NOTCH2. Further study showed that DTX3 overexpression suppressed the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human oesophageal carcinoma cells. The analysis of tissue samples from patients revealed that the expression of NOTCH2 was high while the expression of DTX3 was low in esophageal cancer. Furthermore, the expression of DTX3 and NOTCH2 showed a significant negative correlation in human oesophageal cancer samples. Our study suggested that the DTX3‐NOTCH2 axis plays an important role in the progression of esophageal cancer, and DTX3 acts as an anti–oncogene in esophageal carcinoma, potentially offering a therapeutic target for esophageal cancer.