bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealed value of volunteering: A volunteer centre network
Authors: Dostál Jakub 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the revealed value of volunteering. The revealed value approach is one way to determine the value of non‐market goods or services. Most studies focused on the value of volunteering have built their research on the presumption that there is no way to reveal the value of volunteering, and therefore proxies must be used. This research uses a plausibility probe case study to explore and identify revealed information about the value of volunteering. The research was conducted using data over a seven‐year period (2012–18) from ADRA, a large volunteer centre network in the Czech Republic that has 14 volunteer centres coordinating more than 2,500 volunteers in about 50 cities. I used the data about all the public funding of all the centres in this network between 2012 and 2018 in order to calculate the revealed value of volunteering from the perspective of various governmental institutions. I calculated the total value of volunteering, including financial grants, donations, and the value of volunteer hours. Interestingly, all three values were found within or slightly around the interval estimate of the value of volunteering.
Alirocumab in a high cardiovascular risk patient on hemodialysis with liver abnormalities
Authors: Dousdampanis Periklis , Assimakopoulos Stelios F. , Syrocosta Ioulia , Ntouvas Ioannis , Gkouias Kostas , Trigka Konstantina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a male diabetic type 2 patient on hemodialysis (HD) with high cardiovascular (CVD) risk and hyperlipidemia. The patient was under cholesterol‐lowering therapy with statin and ezetimibe but he was obligated to discontinue due to chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Statins and ezetimibe may exert a potential hepatotoxic effect and for this reason, we attempted to find an alternative treatment to prevent CVD. Given that a potential hepatotoxic effect has not been reported for Abs SPCK9, we administered alirocumab 150 mg every 2 weeks for a total of 8 weeks. Low‐density lipoprotein levels have decreased and no side effects have been observed. In conclusion, alirocumab is a safe and efficient alternative therapy approach for HD patients with high CVD risk and liver abnormalities. We suggest that SPCK 9 inhibitors should be considered as a first line treatment for lowering cholesterol in this specific patient group.
Immunological fortification at our barrier organs: Protecting us as we age
Authors: Harker James A. , Pallett Laura J. 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Our barrier surfaces are fundamental in protecting us from the outside world and segregating key biological processes. The immunological fortifications found at these sites therefore possess many distinct qualities, which are discussed in Immunology's series of reviews on Barrier Immunity. Together these reviews showcase novel biological processes identified through the use of state‐of‐the‐art technologies, and specifically highlight how these change throughout our lives.
Do firms benefit from related party transactions with foreign affiliates? Evidence from Korea
Authors: Bae Sung C. , Kwon Taek Ho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe extend the existing literature on related party transactions (RPTs) from a domestic to an international dimension and uncover new evidence of resource transfer by foreign direct investment (FDI) firms to their foreign affiliates through overseas RPTs. Employing uniquely‐constructed RPT data of Korean firms during 2005–2010, we find significantly negative effects of such transactions on the values of parent firms, which are further confirmed from two‐stage least square regressions after correcting for the endogeneity issue. Further analyses reveal that negative valuation effects are most pronounced for overseas RPTs of FDI firms which are in the high‐tech industry and whose foreign affiliates are in emerging countries. These results indicate that high‐tech FDI firms use RPTs as a means of transferring resources to support their poorly‐performing foreign affiliates in emerging countries, especially surrounding the global financial crisis. We find little evidence that FDI firms use RPTs to withdraw or tunnel investment returns of foreign affiliates back to the home country for the benefits of investing firms during our sample period.
Relationships among economic stress, social support, age and quality of life in patients with chronic wounds: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Ren Hui , Ding Yanming , Hu Haiyan , Gao Tingting , Qin Zeying , Hu Yueyang , Cao Ruilin , Liang Leilei , Li Chuanen , Mei Songli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were as follows: (a) to determine if social support mediates the relationship between economic stress and quality of life; and (b) to explore whether participants’ ages would moderate the indirect relationship between economic stress and quality of life through social support.DesignA questionnaire‐based, cross‐sectional study.MethodsFrom January 2015–June 2016, a total of 300 patients with chronic wounds were recruited from three hospitals. Data regarding economic stress, social support and quality of life were collected through survey questionnaires. The moderated mediation analysis was examined using the Hayes’ PROCESS macro modelling tool, based on the bias‐corrected bootstrapping method.ResultsEconomic stress was negatively correlated with quality of life and social support. The indirect effect of economic stress on quality of life through social support was negative. Furthermore, age moderated the relationship between economic stress and quality of life, as well as the relationship between economic stress and social support.ConclusionReducing economic stress and improving social support are important strategies for improving quality of life in patients with chronic wounds, especially for younger patients.ImpactPatients with chronic wounds experience considerable economic stress and severely impaired quality of life; however, little is known about the inner mechanisms of this relationship. This study emphasized the importance of providing social support in coping with the damage that economic stress causes to health. Clinical nurses should strengthen the comprehensive assessment of the socioeconomic status of patients and adjust nursing plans timely, to reduce the economic burden of patients based on the rational use of wound care materials. Moreover, when nursing for patients with chronic wounds, especially the elders, caregivers should strengthen the evaluation of social support and develop interventions to improve social support.
Impact of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on vascular function and blood pressure in hypertensive individuals
Authors: Stewart Glenn M. , Wheatley‐Guy Courtney M. , Johnson Bruce D. , Shen Win K. , Kim Chul‐Ho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the impact of 12 weeks of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy on peripheral vascular function, blood pressure (BP), and nitric oxide in hypertensive individuals. Thirty hypertensive individuals (SBP > 130 mm Hg and/or MAP > 100 mm Hg) were assigned to either PEMF group (n = 15) or control group (n = 15). During pre‐assessment, participants underwent measures of flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), BP, and blood draw for nitric oxide (NO). Subsequently, they received PEMF therapy 3x/day for 12 weeks and, at conclusion, returned to the laboratory for post‐assessment. Fifteen participants from the PEMF group and 11 participants from the control group successfully completed the study protocol. After therapy, the PEMF group demonstrated significant improvements in FMD and FMDNOR (normalized to hyperemia), but the control group did not (P = .05 and P = .04, respectively). Moreover, SBP, DBP, and MAP were reduced, but the control group did not (P = .04, .04, and .03, respectively). There were no significant alterations in NO in both groups (P > .05). Twelve weeks of PEMF therapy may improve BP and vascular function in hypertensive individuals. Additional studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which PEMF affects endothelial function.
Overexpression of long non‐coding RNA ANRIL promotes post‐ischaemic angiogenesis and improves cardiac functions by targeting Akt
Authors: Huang Qun , Pan Miao , Zhou Ji‐Peng , Yin Fei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAngiogenesis is critical for re‐establishing the blood supply to the surviving myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). Long non‐coding RNA ANRIL (lncRNA‐ANRIL) has been reported to regulate endothelial functions in cardiovascular diseases. This study was to determine the role of lncRNA‐ANRIL in Akt regulation and cardiac functions after MI. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic in vivo ischaemia. The MI model in mice was induced by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery. OGD remarkably decreased lncRNA‐ANRIL expression level, reduced the phosphorylated levels of Akt and eNOS proteins, and inhibited NO release and cell viability, which were duplicated by shRNA‐mediated gene knockdown of lncRNA‐ANRIL. Conversely, all these effects induced by OGD were abolished by adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of lncRNA‐ANRIL in HUVECs. Further, OGD impaired cell migrations and tube formations in HUVECs, which were reversed by lncRNA‐ANRIL overexpression or Akt up‐regulation. RNA immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that the affinity of lncRNA‐ANRIL to Akt protein was increased in OGD‐treated cells. In animal studies, adenovirus‐mediated lncRNA‐ANRIL overexpression increased the phosphorylated levels of Akt and eNOS, promoted post‐ischaemic angiogenesis and improved heart functions in mice with MI surgery. LncRNA‐ANRIL regulates Akt phosphorylation to improve endothelial functions, which promotes angiogenesis and improves cardiac functions in mice following MI. In this perspective, targeting lncRNA‐ANRIL/Akt may be considered to develop a drug to treat angiogenesis‐related diseases.
Dental prophylaxis influence in tooth color assessment—Clinical study
Authors: Pereira Ruben , Corado Daniela , Silveira João , Alves Rita , Mata António , Marques Duarte 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate dental prophylaxis influence in tooth color assessment with the use of different methods.Materials and methodsVolunteers were consecutively recruited and screened according to appropriate inclusion/exclusion criteria. Each participant's upper right central incisive and canine color was measured before and after dental prophylaxis with a one‐week interval. Tooth color assessment was performed by calibrated operators and the patient using a VITA Classical shade guide and by spectrophotometric methods with a proper device (SpectroShade). Color was reported as mean with SD of Commission Internationale De l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* values, ΔEab and ΔE00. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc were performed to assess differences between methods and paired t test for assessing differences in tooth color coordinates after dental prophylaxis. Values of P < .05 were taken as significant.ResultsFifty patients were included. Self‐assessed dental prophylaxis effects equated to a significantly different mean ΔE00 value of 2.3 ± 1.7 (P < .01), when compared to the calibrated operator reported 0.8 ± 1.1 and the spectrophotometer 1.0 ± 0.5. Half of volunteer's ΔE00 values surpassed the acceptability threshold, when compared to 28% from investigator and 10% from spectrophotometer.ConclusionPerforming a dental prophylaxis did have an influence in tooth color perception with a higher self‐perceived effect in the patient assessment.Clinical significanceThe results of this study suggest that performing professional dental prophylaxis presented a perceived effect in tooth color regardless of the method used being that patients precepted whiter and less yellowish teeth. Since extrinsic stain is considered as one of the factors that could influence tooth color assessment, performing professional dental prophylaxis prior to composite or ceramic color selection in anterior teeth restorations could consequently increase treatment predictability.
Multislice image simulations of sheared needle‐like precipitates in an Al‐Mg‐Si alloy
Authors: CHRISTIANSEN E. , RINGDALEN I.G. , BJØRGE R. , MARIOARA C.D. , HOLMESTAD R. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe image contrast of sheared needle‐like precipitates in the Al‐Mg‐Si alloy system is investigated with respect to shear‐plane positions, the number of shear‐planes, and the active matrix slip systems through multislice transmission electron microscopy image simulations and the frozen phonon approximation. It is found that annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF STEM) images are mostly affected by shear‐planes within a distance ∼6–18 unit cells from the specimen surface, whereas about 5–10 equidistant shear‐planes are required to produce clear differences in HRTEM images. The contrast of the images is affected by the Burgers vector of the slip, but not the slip plane. The simulation results are discussed and compared to experimental data.Lay DescriptionPure aluminium is too soft to be viable in most structural applications, but this may be remedied by alloying the metal with various elements. Adding small amounts of silicon and magnesium to pure aluminium allows small particles to precipitate during heat treatment. These precipitates resist plastic deformation and can increase the strength of the alloy and make it viable for a range of industrial applications, such as automotive door panels and load‐bearing profiles. However, if subjected to large loads, the precipitates are sheared and the strength of the alloy changes dynamically. Designing safe products such as cars or buildings require physically based predictions on this dynamical change. Developing models that can provide such predictions depend in turn on experimental observations of the shearing process. Because the precipitates are nm long, experimental observations must be done by transmission electron microscopy. However, understanding these results sometimes require computer simulations of atomic models. In this work, we have performed image simulations of various models of sheared precipitates and compared the results with earlier experiments. The simulations indicate that certain conditions must be met for the sheared precipitates to appear different from unsheared precipitates. These conditions are most likely to be met if precipitates are sheared several times in a relatively homogeneous manner. This is important for two reasons. First, a localized shearing process would lead to large dynamical changes in precipitate strength during deformation, and in turn drastically reduce the work hardening of the alloy. Secondly, a localized shearing process would have promoted earlier fracture and failure of the alloy during deformation. Finally, our results also show how different slip directions influences the images of precipitates. In the future, these influences can be used to further understand the shearing process of these precipitates. Hence, our results can be used to improve model predictions of strength, work hardening, and fracture. In turn, this may improve alloy design and reduce the use of prototype testing in, e.g. the automotive industry.
Role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration
Authors: Alaamery Manal , Albesher Nour , Aljawini Nora , Alsuwailm Moneera , Massadeh Salam , Wheeler Michael A. , Chao Chun‐Cheih , Quintana Francisco J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSphingolipids are a class of lipids highly enriched in the central nervous system (CNS), which shows great diversity and complexity, and has been implicated in CNS development and function. Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism have been described in multiple diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration, evaluating its direct roles in neuron development and health, and also in the induction of neurotoxic activities in CNS‐resident astrocytes and microglia in the context of neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we focus on the metabolism of gangliosides and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, its contribution to the pathogenesis of neurologic diseases, and its potential as a candidate target for the therapeutic modulation of neurodegeneration.
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Doctors’ identity transitions: Choosing to occupy a state of ‘betwixt and between’
Authors: Gordon Lisi , Rees Charlotte E. , Jindal‐Snape Divya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContextDuring transitions, doctors engage in identity work to adapt to changes in multiple domains. Accompanied by this are dynamic ‘liminal’ phases. Definitions of liminality denote a state of being ‘betwixt and between’ identities. From a social constructionist perspective, being betwixt and between professional identities may either involve a sense of disrupted self, requiring identity work to move through and out of being betwixt and between (ie, temporary liminality), or refer to the experiences of temporary workers (eg, locum doctors) or those in dual roles (eg, clinician‐managers) who find themselves perpetually betwixt and between professional identities (ie, perpetual liminality) and use identity work to make themselves contextually relevant. In the health care literature, liminality is conceptualised as a linear process, but this does not align with current notions of transitions that are depicted as multiple, complex and non‐linear.MethodsWe undertook a longitudinal narrative inquiry study using audio‐diaries to explore how doctors experience liminality during trainee‐to‐trained transitions. In three phases, we: (a) interviewed 20 doctors about his or her trainee‐to‐trained transitions; (b) collected longitudinal audio‐diaries from 17 doctors for 6‐9 months, and (c) undertook exit interviews with these 17 doctors. Data were analysed thematically, both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, using identity work theory as an analytical lens.ResultsAll participants experienced liminality. Our analysis enabled us to identify temporary and perpetual liminal experiences. Furthermore, fine‐grained analysis of participants’ identity talk enabled us to identify points in participants’ journeys at which he or she rejected identity grants associated with his or her trained status and instead preferred to remain in and thus occupy liminality (ie, neither trainee nor trained doctor).ConclusionsThis paper is the first to explore longitudinally doctors’ liminal experiences through trainee‐to‐trained transitions. Our findings also make conceptual contributions to the health care literature, as well as the wider interdisciplinary liminality literature, by adding further layers to conceptualisations and introducing the notion of occupying liminality.
Endothelial progenitors increase vascularization and improve fibroblasts function that prevent medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Doppelt Ofri , Cohen Gal , Tamari Tal , Elimelech Rina , Sabbah Nadin , Zigdon‐Giladi Hadar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn a previous rat model, MRONJ occurrence was 50%. Our aim was to investigate the potential of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to improve fibroblasts function and prevent MRONJ.MethodsHuman gingival fibroblasts were cultured with EPC‐conditioned media (EPC‐CM); endothelial growth media (EGM‐2) or DMEM followed by incubation with 10 µM zoledronic (ZOL) and dexamethasone (DEX). Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by XTT and scratch wound healing assays. In vivo, ten Lewis rats were treated weekly with ZOL and DEX for 11 weeks. After a week, EPCs or EGM‐2 were injected to the gingiva around the molars. At 3 weeks, bilateral molars were extracted. After 8 weeks, wound healing was assessed, and serum VEGF and blood vessels were quantified.ResultsZOL/DEX significantly reduced fibroblasts proliferation and wound healing. Treatment with EPC‐CM before ZOL/DEX improved cell proliferation, and scratch healing (p = .007, p = .023). In vivo, local EPC injection before tooth extraction increased serum VEGF (p = .01) and soft tissue vascularization (p = .05). Normal healing was similar (80%) in EPCs and EGM‐2 groups.ConclusionEPC rescued fibroblasts from the cytotoxic effect of ZOL/DEX and elevated serum VEGF and vessel density that might reduce MRONJ occurrence to 20% compared to 50% in a similar model.
Orexin B affects the transcriptome of incubated in vitro porcine endometrial explants from the early‐implantation period
Authors: Dobrzyn Kamil , Kiezun Marta , Szeszko Karol , Kisielewska Katarzyna , Rytelewska Edyta , Gudelska Marlena , Zaobidna Ewa , Bors Kinga , Kopij Grzegorz , Szymanska Karolina , Kaminska Barbara , Kaminski Tadeusz , Smolinska Nina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study determined the effect of orexin B (OXB) on the porcine endometrial transcriptome during the embryo attachment phase. Microarray analyses of gene ontology (GO), biological pathways, networks and differentially expressed genes (DEG) were performed. Orexin B influenced the expression of 887 genes (fold change > 1.2; p < .05): 620 genes were up‐regulated, and 267 were down‐regulated. The analysis of the relationship between DEG revealed that OXB interacts with genes linked with processes such as cell hormone binding, regulation of hormone levels, lipid transport, steroid metabolic processes, the apoptotic signalling pathway and the acute inflammatory response, which are pivotal for reproductive success. Orexin B played a bivalent role in the early‐pregnant uterus by limiting the pregnancy outcome, promoting embryo development, suppressing the immune system and, consequently, preventing embryo rejection. These findings suggest that OXB could be responsible for the proper course of gestation by adapting litter size to the metabolic status of the maternal organism.
Enhanced weed‐crop competition effects on growth and seed production of herbicide‐resistant and herbicide‐susceptible annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus)
Authors: Mobli Ahmadreza , Sahil  , Yadav Rajpaul , Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnhanced crop competition could aid in the management of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), a dominant weed of Australian cropping systems. A two‐year pot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting densities (0, 82, and 164 wheat plants/m2) on growth and seed production of glyphosate‐resistant (GR) and glyphosate‐susceptible (GS) biotypes of annual sowthistle. Without competition, both biotypes produced a similar number of leaves and biomass, but the GS biotype produced 80% more seeds (46,050 per plant) than the GR biotype. In competition with 164 wheat plants/m2, the number of leaves in the GR and GS biotypes was reduced by 62 and 61%, respectively, in comparison with the no‐competition treatment, and similarly, weed biomass was reduced by 78 and 77%, respectively. Compared to no‐competition treatment, the seed production of GR and GS biotypes was reduced by 33 and 69%, respectively, when grown with 82 wheat plants/m2, but increasing wheat density from 82 to 164 plants/m2 reduced the number of seeds only in the GS biotype (81%). Both biotypes produced greater than 6,000 seeds per plant when grown in competition with 164 plants/m2, suggesting that increased crop density should be integrated with other weed management strategies for efficient control of annual sowthistle.