bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encountering Everyday Racist Practices: Sociospatial Negotiations of Immigrant Settlement in Athens, Greece
Authors: Papatzani Eva (Evangelia) 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article delineates the ways in which the context of institutional and non‐institutional racist practices, legitimated by the rise of extreme right‐wing populism and racism, affects immigrants’ everyday lives in Athens, Greece. In this research, I explored the transformations of immigrants’ settlement trajectories, coping strategies and tactics, and their bodily interactions when encountering racist violence at the local level, through extensive fieldwork in two case study areas in metropolitan Athens—Omonia and Nikaia. The article is based on previous work on encounters with difference and everyday racism, with the aim of contributing to existing scholarship by examining urban encounters with manifestations of racism in the form of violent practices, which are on a rise not only as exceptional but also as everyday lived events. I demonstrate how immigrants’ encounters with police raids and patrols, and with racist violence perpetrated by neo‐Nazi militias, transform immigrants’ daily lives in the city at the micro‐scale. These encounters have an impact not only on immigrants’ social relationships, strategies and tactics of settlement, but also on the reconstruction of urban space. My argument is that urban encounter remains an open and dynamic field for negotiation of interethnic cohabitation, as it produces both violent confrontations and sociospatial embodied opportunities for coexistence.
The effects of natural and artificial edges on phenology: A case study of Ctenitis submarginalis
Authors: Müller Andressa , Correa Marina Zimmer , Führ Camila Storck , Padoin Thábia Ottília Hofstetter , de Quevedo Daniela Müller , Schmitt Jairo Lizandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHabitat fragmentation increases forest edges, which in turn influence the microclimate to which ferns are exposed. Ferns do not depend on pollinators or dispersers, which make abiotic variables responsible for triggering the manifestation of their phenophases. Phenology has been an important tool in understanding the effects of habitat fragmentation on plant behaviour. Our aims were to compare the phenology of populations of the fern Ctenitis submarginalis at a natural edge, an artificial edge and in the forest interior and determine whether the edge effect has an influence. Populations of C. submarginalis were monitored in these three subareas of an Araucaria forest for 2 years. Relative air humidity, air temperature, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation, photoperiod and soil moisture were monitored concomitantly with the collection of phenological data in each subarea. Among the populations, that of the artificial edge had the greatest number of individuals and the highest intensity of sporangium formation and leaf senescence. Only the reproductive event (sporangium formation) of populations of all subareas was seasonal. The forest interior populations had the highest seasonality of sporangium formation. Ferns at forest edges (natural and artificial) were more affected by the edge effect than those of the forest interior. Abiotic variables that are more sensitive to alterations by the edge effect, such as relative air humidity, soil moisture and temperature, influenced vegetative events at edges. On the other hand, photoperiod, which is constant from year to year, overlapped the influence of the other environmental factors in the forest interior. Thus, we evidenced heterogeneity in the phenological responses of ferns at forest edges.
Agreement between rebound (Icare ic200) and applanation tonometry (Perkins) in patients with primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Morales‐Fernandez Laura , Pérez‐García Pilar , Saenz‐Frances Federico , Molero‐Senosiain Mercedes , Garcia‐Saenz Sofia , Dora Mendez Carmen , Santos Bueso Enrique , Garcia‐Feijoo Julian , Martinez‐de‐la‐Casa Jose M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine agreement between intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made using the rebound tonometer Icare ic200 (RT200) and the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer (PAT) in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). The impacts of several covariables on measurements using the two devices were also assessed.Materials and MethodsIntraocular pressure measurements were made in a single session in 86 eyes of 86 patients with PCG (46 under anaesthesia, 40 in the office). The order was RT200 then PAT. The variables age, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal state and anaesthesia were recorded in each patient. Data were compared by determining interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for each tonometer and representing the differences detected as Bland–Altman plots. Effects of covariables were assessed through univariate and multivariate regression.ResultsMean IOP difference between tonometers (RT200 minus PAT) was 1.26 mmHg (95%: 0.22–2.31). Absolute agreement (ICC) was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.62–0.82). Lower and upper limits of agreement (95%) were −8.06 mmHg (95% CI: −9.87 to −6.25) and 10.59 mmHg (95% CI: 8.77–12.40), respectively. The tonometers showed systematic differences (a = −4.63 mmHg; 95% CI: −9.11 to −1.44) and proportional differences; for each mmHg increase in PAT‐IOP, the RT200 reading increased by 1.28 mmHg (b = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12–1.53). None of the variables tested as predictors were able to explain differences between the tonometers.ConclusionsDespite the good overall agreement between both tonometers, caution should be taken in high values of IOP, considering the interchangeability of its readings as systematic and proportional differences appear to exist between both methods.
Real‐world treatment outcomes of neovascular Age‐related Macular Degeneration in the Netherlands
Authors: Verbraak Frank D. , Ponsioen Dirk L. , Tigchelaar‐Besling Odette A.M. , Nguyen Vuong , Gillies Mark C. , Barthelmes Daniel , Klaver Caroline C.W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare treatment outcomes of treatment‐naïve eyes with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) with bevacizumab as the first‐line treatment, according to the guidelines of the Dutch Ophthalmological Society, with those treated first with either ranibizumab or aflibercept, as used in many other countries, all treated using a treat‐and‐extend strategy.MethodsData were obtained from the prospectively designed Fight Retinal Blindness! outcomes registry. The primary outcome was the mean change from baseline in visual acuity of all treated eyes, after 12, 24 and 36 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes were the number of injections, the number of visits and the rate of switching to a second anti‐VEGF drug.ResultsThe study included 703 treatment‐naïve eyes with nAMD with 12 months follow‐up, 373 eyes with 24 months follow‐up, and 171 eyes with 36 months follow‐up in the Netherlands, and 1131, 652, and 303 treatment‐naïve eyes with respectively 12, 24, and 36 months of follow‐up in all other countries. The change in visual acuity from baseline did not differ between the Netherlands and the other countries at any follow‐up time. The median number of injections, visits and the proportion of eyes switching treatment was significantly higher in the Netherlands than in the other countries.ConclusionStarting anti‐VEGF treatment for nAMD with bevacizumab, as is mandatory in the Netherlands, delivers outcomes similar to those starting treatment with either ranibizumab or aflibercept, but at a cost of more frequent injections, and visits, and more frequent switching treatment to a second drug.
Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in keratoconus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Navel Valentin , Malecaze Jean , Pereira Bruno , Baker Julien S. , Malecaze François , Sapin Vincent , Chiambaretta Frédéric , Dutheil Frédéric 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in keratoconus compared to healthy subject.MethodThe PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 1st June 2020 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in keratoconus and healthy controls. Main meta‐analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, cornea, aqueous humour and blood) and type of corneal samples (stromal cells, epithelium and endothelium).ResultsWe included 36 articles, for a total of 1328 keratoconus patients and 1208 healthy controls. There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in keratoconus compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation (SMD) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.55–1.33), with a significant increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (1.09, 0.41–1.78) and malondialdehyde (1.78, 0.83–2.73). There is an overall decrease in antioxidants in keratoconus compared with healthy controls (−0.63, −0.89 to −0.36), with a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity/status (−1.65, −2.88 to −0.43), aldehyde/NADPH dehydrogenase (−0.77, −1.38 to −0.17), lactoferrin/transferrin/albumin (−1.92, −2.96 to −0.89) and selenium/zinc (−1.42, −2.23 to −0.61). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears and in cornea of keratoconus than in aqueous humour, and antioxidants were decreased in tears, aqueous humour and blood without difference between sample type. Oxidative stress markers increased in stromal cells and antioxidants decreased in endothelium.ConclusionOxidative stress markers and antioxidants were dysregulated in keratoconus, involving an imbalance of redox homeostasis in tears, cornea, aqueous humour and blood.
Adverse outcomes of proton pump inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease: The CKD‐REIN cohort study
Authors: Liabeuf Sophie , Lambert Oriane , Metzger Marie , Hamroun Aghiles , Laville Maurice , Laville Solène M. , Frimat Luc , Pecoits‐Filho Roberto , Fouque Denis , Massy Ziad A. , Jacquelinet Christian , Stengel Bénédicte ,   Chronic Kidney Disease‐Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (CKD REIN) Study Group
Published: December 2020

AimsLong‐term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been associated with adverse kidney events in the general population, but their impact among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is unclear. We studied the prevalence and incidence (new users) of PPI prescriptions and their relation to kidney outcomes and mortality in CKD patients.MethodsWe collected drug prescriptions prospectively in a cohort of 3023 nephrology outpatients with CKD stages 2–5 at inclusion. Hazard ratios (HR, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]) for acute kidney injury (AKI), end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), and mortality associated with new PPI prescriptions as a time‐dependent variable were estimated with cause‐specific Cox models in 1940 non‐users with eGFR ≥ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline, adjusted for comorbidities, laboratory data and drugs.ResultsThere were 981/3023 (32%) prevalent users (67 ± 13 years, 65% men) at baseline, and 366/3023 (12%) were prescribed PPI (new users) over a median follow‐up of 3.9 years (interquartile range, 3–4.2). Among these new users, their median cumulative duration of prescription was 1 year (interquartile range: 0.4–2.3). During follow‐up, 354 patients developed ESKD and 216 died before ESKD. The adjusted HRs associated with PPI prescription were 1.74 (95% CI, 1.26–2.40) for ESKD and 2.42 (95% CI, 1.73–3.39) for all‐cause mortality. Over the first 3 years of follow‐up, 211 AKI events had occurred. The adjusted HR for AKI associated with PPI prescription was 2.89 (95% CI, 1.91–4.38).ConclusionsLong‐term PPI prescription was common in CKD patients. Our results call attention to its potential risks of both acute and chronic kidney failure.
Alleviation of extensive visual pathway dysfunction by a remyelinating drug in a chronic mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sekyi Maria T. , Lauderdale Kelli , Atkinson Kelley C. , Golestany Batis , Karim Hawra , Feri Micah , Soto Joselyn S. , Diaz Cobi , Kim Sung Hoon , Cilluffo Marianne , Nusinowitz Steven , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Tiwari‐Woodruff Seema K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVisual deficits are among the most prevalent symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To understand deficits in the visual pathway during MS and potential treatment effects, we used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used animal model of MS. The afferent visual pathway was assessed in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinography (ERG), and visually evoked cortical potentials (VEPs). Inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration were examined by immunohistochemistry ex vivo. In addition, an immunomodulatory, remyelinating agent, the estrogen receptor β ligand chloroindazole (IndCl), was tested for its therapeutic potential in the visual pathway. EAE produced functional deficits in visual system electrophysiology, including suppression of ERG and VEP waveform amplitudes and increased signal latencies. Therapeutic IndCl rescued overall visual system latency by VEP but had little impact on amplitude or ERG findings relative to vehicle. Faster VEP conduction in IndCl‐treated mice was associated with enhanced myelin basic protein signal in all visual system structures examined. IndCl preserved retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and oligodendrocyte density in the prechiasmatic white matter, but similar retinal nerve fiber layer thinning by OCT was noted in vehicle and IndCl‐treated mice. Although IndCl differentially attenuated leukocyte and astrocyte staining signal throughout the structures analyzed, axolemmal varicosities were observed in all visual fiber tracts of mice with EAE irrespective of treatment, suggesting impaired axonal energy homeostasis. These data support incomplete functional recovery of VEP amplitude with IndCl, as fiber tracts displayed persistent axon pathology despite remyelination‐induced decreases in latencies, evidenced by reduced optic nerve g‐ratio in IndCl‐treated mice. Although additional studies are required, these findings demonstrate the dynamics of visual pathway dysfunction and disability during EAE, along with the importance of early treatment to mitigate EAE‐induced axon damage.
The tandem stenosis mouse model: Towards understanding, imaging, and preventing atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture
Authors: Noonan Jonathan , Bobik Alex , Peter Karlheinz 
Published: December 2020

The rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Despite significant limitations in our understanding and ability to identify unstable plaque pathology and prevent plaque rupture, most atherosclerosis research utilises preclinical animal models exhibiting stable atherosclerosis. Here, we introduce the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model that reflects plaque instability and rupture, as seen in patients. The TS model involves dual ligation of the right carotid artery, leading to locally predefined unstable atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice. It exhibits key characteristics of human unstable plaques, including plaque rupture, luminal thrombosis, intraplaque haemorrhage, large necrotic cores, thin or ruptured fibrous caps and extensive immune cell accumulation. Altogether, the TS model represents an ideal preclinical tool for improving our understanding of human plaque instability and rupture, for the development of imaging technologies to identify unstable plaques, and for the development and testing of plaque‐stabilising treatments for the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque rupture.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Preclinical Models for Cardiovascular disease research (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.5/issuetoc
Antarctic ecosystems in transition – life between stresses and opportunities
Authors: Gutt Julian , Isla Enrique , Xavier José C. , Adams Byron J. , Ahn In‐Young , Cheng C.‐H. Christina , Colesie Claudia , Cummings Vonda J. , di Prisco Guido , Griffiths Huw , Hawes Ian , Hogg Ian , McIntyre Trevor , Meiners Klaus M. , Pearce David A. , Peck Lloyd , Piepenburg Dieter , Reisinger Ryan R. , Saba Grace K. , Schloss Irene R. , Signori Camila N. , Smith Craig R. , Vacchi Marino , Verde Cinzia , Wall Diana H. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTImportant findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 international experts. Ten key messages emerged that have stakeholder‐relevance and/or a high impact for the scientific community. They address (i) altered biogeochemical cycles, (ii) ocean acidification, (iii) climate change hotspots, (iv) unexpected dynamism in seabed‐dwelling populations, (v) spatial range shifts, (vi) adaptation and thermal resilience, (vii) sea ice related biological fluctuations, (viii) pollution, (ix) endangered terrestrial endemism and (x) the discovery of unknown habitats. Most Antarctic biotas are exposed to multiple stresses and considered vulnerable to environmental change due to narrow tolerance ranges, rapid change, projected circumpolar impacts, low potential for timely genetic adaptation, and migration barriers. Important ecosystem functions, such as primary production and energy transfer between trophic levels, have already changed, and biodiversity patterns have shifted. A confidence assessment of the degree of ‘scientific understanding’ revealed an intermediate level for most of the more detailed sub‐messages, indicating that process‐oriented research has been successful in the past decade. Additional efforts are necessary, however, to achieve the level of robustness in scientific knowledge that is required to inform protection measures of the unique Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their contributions to global biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Long‐term drivers of persistence and colonization dynamics in spatially structured amphibian populations
Authors: Falaschi Mattia , Giachello Simone , Lo Parrino Elia , Muraro Martina , Manenti Raoul , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany organisms live in networks of local populations connected by dispersing individuals, called spatially structured populations (SSPs), where the long‐term persistence of the entire network is determined by the balance between 2 processes acting at the scale of local populations: extinction and colonization. When multiple threats act on an SSP, a comparison of the different factors determining local extinctions and colonizations is essential to plan sound conservation actions. We assessed the drivers of long‐term population dynamics of multiple amphibian species at the regional scale. We used dynamic occupancy models within a Bayesian framework to identify the factors determining persistence and colonization of local populations. Because connectivity among patches is fundamental to SSPs dynamics, we considered 2 measures of connectivity acting on each focal patch: incidence of the focal species and incidence of invasive crayfish. We used meta‐analysis to summarize the effect of different drivers at the community level. Persistence and colonization of local populations were jointly determined by factors acting at different scales. Persistence probability was positively related to the area and the permanence of wetlands, whereas it was negatively related to occurrence of fish. Colonization probability was highest in semipermanent wetlands and in sites with a high incidence of the focal species in nearby sites, whereas it showed a negative relationship with the incidence of invasive crayfish in the landscape. By analyzing long‐term data on amphibian population dynamics, we found a strong effect of some classic features commonly used in SSP studies, such as patch area and focal species incidence. The presence of an invasive non‐native species at the landscape scale emerged as one of the strongest drivers of colonization dynamics, suggesting that studies on SSPs should consider different connectivity measures more frequently, such as the incidence of predators, especially when dealing with biological invasions.
Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma clinically confused with viral/drug skin eruptions and pathologically misinterpreted as mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome
Authors: AbdullGaffar Badr , Abdulrahman Suad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of mature CD4‐positive T‐cell lymphoid cells associated with retrovirus human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) with a wide clinical and pathologic spectrum. We report a case of a 53‐year‐old African man who presented with fever and skin eruptions on the trunk composed of non‐itchy erythematous reticulated macules and papules initially suspected for viral exanthem or drug rash. Skin punch biopsy showed a dermal T‐cell lymphoid infiltrate with epidermotropism. The patient developed generalized lymphadenopathy and his peripheral blood showed lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes with convoluted nuclei. Our initial diagnosis was mycosis fungoides with Sézary syndrome. However, some clinical and histopathologic features were unusual. The acute onset, lack of previous skin lesions, the histomorphologic features of the dermal, nodal and peripheral blood lymphocytes and the geographic origin of the patient raised the suspicion of other T‐cell lymphomas, particularly ATLL. This was confirmed by a positive anti‐HTLV‐1 serology. Our final diagnosis was acute variant ATLL. Different T‐cell lymphomas can involve the skin with overlapping clinical, histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features. Some clinical and pathologic features should alarm dermatologists and pathologists to the possibility of ATLL particularly in patients from HTLV‐1 endemic geographic areas.
Self‐care agency and self‐care practice in youth workers reduces burnout risk and improves compassion satisfaction
Authors: Hallam Karen T. , Leigh Danielle , Davis Cassandra , Castle Nathan , Sharples Jenny , Collett James D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsYouth work specialises in helping vulnerable young people face life challenges during critical stages of their development. It is a complex and demanding role and factors influencing occupational stress in youth workers are rarely investigated. This study examined whether youth alcohol and other drug workers with greater compassion satisfaction, self‐care practice and self‐care agency experienced different rates of occupational stress including burnout and secondary traumatic stress.Design and MethodsA convenience sample of 258 Australian youth alcohol and other drug workers completed an online questionnaire battery. A four‐stage data analysis was conducted utilising multivariate analysis of variance, bivariate correlations, linear multiple regression models and mediation modelling.ResultsBurnout and secondary traumatic stress exhibited moderate negative correlations with compassion satisfaction, self‐care practice and the different forms of self‐care agency. Further, a decrease in lacking power for self‐care, a form of self‐care agency, was the strongest contributor to both burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Support was found for a mediation pathway whereby self‐care agency led to greater self‐care practice, which in turn increased compassion satisfaction, lowering burnout and secondary traumatic stress.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings suggest that it would be beneficial for self‐care agency to be a key focus of youth worker training and professional development programs.