bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red fluorescent CEPIA indicators for visualization of Ca2+ dynamics in mitochondria
Authors: Kanemaru Kazunori , Suzuki Junji , Taiko Isamu , Iino Masamitsu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics are involved in the regulation of multifarious cellular processes, including intracellular Ca2+ signalling, cell metabolism and cell death. Use of mitochondria-targeted genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators has revealed intercellular and subcellular heterogeneity of mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics, which are assumed to be determined by distinct thresholds of Ca2+ increases at each subcellular mitochondrial domain. The balance between Ca2+ influx through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter and extrusion by cation exchangers across the inner mitochondrial membrane may define the threshold; however, the precise mechanisms remain to be further explored. We here report the new red fluorescent genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators, R-CEPIA3mt and R-CEPIA4mt, which are targeted to mitochondria and their Ca2+ affinities are engineered to match the intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations. They enable visualization of mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution in parallel with the use of green fluorescent probes and optogenetic tools. Thus, R-CEPIA3mt and R-CEPIA4mt are expected to be a useful tool for elucidating the mechanisms of the complex mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics and their functions.
Primary-tiller panicle number is critical to achieving high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice
Authors: Huang Min , Shan Shuanglü , Cao Jialin , Fang Shengliang , Tian Alin , Liu Yu , Cao Fangbo , Yin Xiaohong , Zou Yingbin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of machine-transplanted hybrid rice is a feasible approach to meet the needs of both high grain yield and high labor efficiency in China, but limited information is available on the critical plant traits associated with high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice. This study was carried out to identify which type of culms (i.e., main stems and primary and secondary tillers) and which yield components of this culm are critical to achieving high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice. Field experiments were conducted with two hybrid rice cultivars grown under two densities of machine transplanting in two years. Results showed that total grain yield of main stems and primary and secondary tillers was not significantly affected by cultivar but was significantly affected by density and year. Averaged across cultivars, densities, and years, main stems and primary and secondary tillers contributed about 15%, 50%, and 35% to total grain yield, respectively. Total grain yield was not significantly related to grain yields of main stems and secondary tillers but was positively and significantly related to grain yield of primary tillers. Approximately 85% of the variation in total grain yield was explained by grain yield of primary tillers, which was positively and significantly related to primary-tiller panicles per m2 but not to spikelets per panicle, spikelet filling percentage, or grain weight of primary tillers. Based on these results, it is concluded that primary-tiller panicle number is essential for achieving high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice.
Intra-islet GLP-1, but not CCK, is necessary for β-cell function in mouse and human islets
Authors: de Souza Arnaldo Henrique , Tang Jiayin , Yadev Amanjot Kaur , Saghafi Samuel T. , Kibbe Carly R. , Linnemann Amelia K. , Merrins Matthew J. , Davis Dawn Belt 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK) are gut-derived peptide hormones known to play important roles in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion, appetite, and food intake. We have previously demonstrated that both GLP-1 and CCK are produced in the endocrine pancreas of obese mice. Interestingly, while GLP-1 is well known to stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cells, direct evidence of CCK promoting insulin release in human islets remains to be determined. Here, we tested whether islet-derived GLP-1 or CCK is necessary for the full stimulation of insulin secretion. We confirm that mouse pancreatic islets secrete GLP-1 and CCK, but only GLP-1 acts locally within the islet to promote insulin release ex vivo. GLP-1 is exclusively produced in approximately 50% of α-cells in lean mouse islets and 70% of α-cells in human islets, suggesting a paracrine α to β-cell signaling through the β-cell GLP-1 receptor. Additionally, we provide evidence that islet CCK expression is regulated by glucose, but its receptor signaling is not required during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We also see no increase in GSIS in response to CCK peptides. Importantly, all these findings were confirmed in islets from non-diabetic human donors. In summary, our data suggest no direct role for CCK in stimulating insulin secretion and highlight the critical role of intra-islet GLP-1 signaling in the regulation of human β-cell function.
High Performance All Nonmetal SiNx Resistive Random Access Memory with Strong Process Dependence
Authors: Yen Te Jui , Chin Albert , Gritsenko Vladimir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAll-nonmetal resistive random access memory (RRAM) with a N+–Si/SiNx/P+–Si structure was investigated in this study. The device performance of SiNx developed using physical vapor deposition (PVD) was significantly better than that of a device fabricated using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The SiNx RRAM device developed using PVD has a large resistance window that is larger than 104 and exhibits good endurance to 105 cycles under switching pulses of 1 μs and a retention time of 104 s at 85 °C. Moreover, the SiNx RRAM device developed using PVD had tighter device-to-device distribution of set and reset voltages than those developed using PECVD. Such tight distribution is crucial to realise a large-size cross-point array and integrate with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology to realise electronic neurons. The high performance of the SiNx RRAM device developed using PVD is attributed to the abundant defects in the PVD dielectric that was supported by the analysed conduction mechanisms obtained from the measured current–voltage characteristics.
Does a fluoro-assisted direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty pose an excessive risk of radiation exposure to the surgeon?
Authors: Jinnai Yuta , Baba Tomonori , Zhuang Xu , Tanabe Hiroki , Banno Sammy , Watari Taiji , Homma Yasuhiro , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Intraoperative fluoroscopy can be easily used because patients are placed in the supine position during total hip arthroplasty via direct anterior approach (DAA-THA) to reduce complications. However, the cumulative level of radiation exposure by intraoperative fluoroscopy increases as the annual number of cases increases, increasing the risk of influencing the health of both the patients and medical workers. The objective of the study was to compare the radiation exposure time of DAA-THA with osteosynthesis and to determine if the level of radiation exposure exceeded safety limits. Material and methods: DAA-THA was performed in 313 patients between January 2016 and July 2018 and 60 patients with proximal femoral fracture were treated with osteosynthesis. The intraoperative fluoroscopy time was retrospectively surveyed and compared between these two groups. A total of eight surgeons operated DAA-THA employing the same procedure using a traction table. A total of nine surgeons operated osteosynthesis and fluoroscopy was appropriately used during reduction and implant insertion. Results: The mean operative time of DAA-THA was 103.3 min and that of osteosynthesis was 83.3 min, showing a significant difference (p < 0.05). The mean intraoperative fluoroscopy time was 0.83 min (SD ± 0.68) in DAA-THA and 8.91 min (SD ± 8.34) in osteosynthesis showing a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The intraoperative exposure level was significantly lower and the fluoroscopy time was significantly shorter in DAA-THA than in osteosynthesis for proximal femoral fracture. It was clarified that the annual cumulative radiation exposure level in DAA-THA does not exceed the tissue dose limit.
C3-Glomerulopathie und MPGN – aktuelle Klassifikationen
Authors: Hohenstein Bernd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMembranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and glomerulopathy with dominant C3 deposits are very rare autoimmune disorders of the kidney that had been classified in its current form in 2010 due to a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology.Today, the immune complex-associated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) represent a disease spectrum which is heterogeneous in terms of pathophysiology and the clinical time course. Interestingly, recent research demonstrated more common pathophysiological aspects with respect to secondary causes, autoantibodies, and genetics of IC-MPGN and C3G than it had been suggested with the creation of the 2010 classification.This knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology is of specific importance for the identification of potential secondary causes. Therefore, following histologic diagnosis a comprehensive complement analysis, accompanied by antibody screening and human genetics should be carried out consistently. The published evidence provides a robust basis for the use of available therapeutic approaches for these often rapidly progressive and relapsing diseases.
Validierung der deutschen Version der Pediatric Self-Efficacy for
Diabetes-Type-1 Scale
Authors: Sethe Dominik , Büssing Arndt , Hilgard Dörte , Berger Bettina 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Da für den deutschen Sprachraum kein geeignetes
Instrument zur Erfassung der spezifischen, diabetesbezogenen Selbstwirksamkeit
bei Kindern mit Typ-1-Diabetes vorliegt, wird in dieser Arbeit die Konstruktion
und Validierung der deutschsprachigen Pediatric Self-Efficacy for Diabetes
Type-1 Scale (PSEDT-1) dargestellt. Auf der Grundlage der Self-Efficacy for
Diabetes Scale (SED) von Grossman, Brink & Hauser sollte eine
leitlinienkonforme, pädiatrische, revidierte Selbstwirksamkeitsskala
entwickelt und validiert werden.
Design & Methoden Es wurden N=221 Kinder mit
Typ-1-Diabetes (12–17 Jahre) in eine klinische, multizentrische
Validierungsstudie eingeschlossen. Zur Beurteilung der
Veränderungssensitivität füllten davon 58 Kinder mit
Typ-1-Diabetes jeweils vor, unmittelbar nach der Beendigung und 6 Monate nach
der stationären Diabetesschulung die PSEDT-1 Skala aus. Um die
Konstruktvalidität zu überprüfen, wurde die PSEDT-1 mit
anderen Skalen in Verbindung gebracht, die inhaltlich ähnliche und
inhaltlich entfernte Konstrukte messen (Multidimensionale Selbstwertskala
– MSWS, Kontrollüberzeugungen zu Krankheit und Gesundheit
– KKG).
Ergebnisse Die Reliabilitäts-Ergebnisse zeigten eine gute interne
Konsistenz der 20 Items mit Cronbachs α=0,87. Die
Trennschärfen der Items waren akzeptabel. Es ließen sich mittels
explorativer Faktorenanalyse 4 Faktoren identifizieren, die 54% der
Varianz erklären: 1) Diabetes-Selbstmanagement-Kompetenz, 2)
(medizinische) Insulin-Management-Kompetenz, 3) (generelle)
Selbstbehauptungskompetenz und 4) autonome Selbstregulation. Die theoretisch
erwarteten Korrelationsmuster konnten belegt werden. Zudem zeigten die
Verlaufsergebnisse Hinweise auf eine ausreichend hohe
Veränderungssensitivität.
Diskussion Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass es sich bei der
PSEDT-1 um ein valides und reliables deutschsprachiges Instrument handelt, das
zusätzlich zu den Skalenwerten der Kompetenzbereiche
Diabetesselbstmanagement, Medizinisches Management und generelle
Selbstbehauptung auch den Skalenwert der autonomen Selbstregulation zur
Erfassung der diabetesbezogenen Selbstwirksamkeit bestimmt.
Kurz-Skala zur Erfassung wahrgenommener sozialer Teilhabe (KsT-5):
faktorielle Struktur, interne Konsistenz, inhaltliche und konvergente
Validität sowie Normwerte in einer repräsentativen
Stichprobe
Authors: Berger Uwe , Kirschner Hariet , Muehleck Julia , Gläser Anni , Werner Benedikt , Kurz Martina , Schwager Susanne , Wick Katharina , Strauß Bernhard 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungSoziale Teilhabe ist sowohl ein politischer als auch sozial- und
gesundheitspsychologisch relevanter Aspekt des Zusammenlebens der Menschen
unserer Gesellschaft und des Wohlergehens des Einzelnen. Vor dem Hintergrund
des Bundesteilhabegesetzes und der teilweisen Gleichsetzung der Begriffe
„(Soziale) Teilhabe“ und „Inklusion“ wurde
die Frage von Teilhabe in den vergangenen Jahren häufig reduziert
auf die Teilhabe-Chancen von Menschen mit Behinderungen unter Bezug auf die
„Internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit,
Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF)“ der Weltgesundheitsorganisation
und der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention. Die Frage von Teilhabe betrifft
jedoch alle Menschen und ist nicht nur abhängig vom Grad der
Funktionsfähigkeit oder Behinderung, sondern u. a. auch von
sozialer Einbindung, finanziellen Möglichkeiten, regionaler
Zugehörigkeit, Bildung, Selbstwert und steht in einer
Wechselbeziehung zu Gesundheit. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde eine neue
Kurz-Skala mit 5 Items (KsT-5) zur Messung der Aspekte
„Zugehörigkeit“,
„Selbstwirksamkeit“, „Bedürfnis nach
Anerkennung“, „Selbstwert“ und „Einbindung
in soziales Umfeld“ an einer repräsentativen
Bevölkerungsstichprobe (N=2531) hinsichtlich ihrer
psychometrischen Gütekriterien überprüft. Es zeigte
sich eine gute Passung einer einfaktoriellen Lösung, eine
zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenz von Cronbach’s
α=0,73 und McDonald’s ω=0,73 sowie
eine gute konvergente Validität über positive
Zusammenhänge mit Selbstwert und psychischer sowie physischer
Gesundheit. Die Studie liefert Normwerte der neuen KsT-5 stratifiziert nach
Geschlecht und Alter als Voraussetzung für den Einsatz in
zukünftigen Studien.
Erstattung der Tabakentwöhnung: Gesetzgeber muss Blockade aufheben
Authors: Hering Thomas , Batra Anil , Mühlig Stephan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA constitutional expert opinion, which reviews the social and constitutional foundations of tobacco cessation within the framework of statutory health insurance in Germany, comes to the conclusion that the legislator must release the reimbursement of professional tobacco cessation as a curative service by the statutory health insurance – and not only as a subsidy for a psychotherapeutically oriented measure within the framework of prevention.
Manuelle Therapie nach Sportverletzungen
Authors: Klügel Rainer 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBeim Sport kann es zum Beispiel durch Trainingsfehler oder eine Überanstrengung im Wettkampf zu Verletzungen kommen. Dies kann als Folge eine Funktionsstörung im Bewegungsapparat nach sich ziehen. Durch weiter fortgeführte Bewegungen ist es möglich, dass sich die funktionelle Störung von selbst wieder ausgleicht. Tut sie das jedoch nicht, kann es zu langfristigen Dysfunktionen im Bewegungssystem kommen. Die Manuelle Therapie kann Funktionsstörungen im Bewegungsapparat beheben und so die Funktion der an der Bewegung beteiligten Strukturen wiederherstellen.
Vitamina D em pediatria
Authors: Almeida ACF , Nogueira-de-Almeida CA , Ferraz IS 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOA vitamina D (VD) é uma das vitaminas lipossolúveis. Suas principais fontes na natureza são a dieta e a produção endógena mediada pela exposição à luz solar. Descobertas recentes mostraram que outros órgãos, que não o rim e o fígado, são também capazes de sintetizar a VD metabolicamente ativa (calcitriol). A deficiência de vitamina D (DVD) foi descrita há quase 2.000 anos e é classicamente relacionada às doenças do sistema ósteo-muscular (em especial, raquitismo e osteomalácia). Adicionalmente nos últimos anos, a DVD tem sido associada à desordens que acometem outros sistemas do organismo, como, por exemplo, asma e diabetes. Além disso, tem sido observada uma elevação da prevalência da DVD em todo o mundo, mesmo em países com boas condições de insolação. A forma mais adequada de prevenção da DVD se dá pela suplementação vitamínica já que não há limites seguros para a exposição solar. O tratamento da DVD baseia-se, principalmente, na reposição da vitamina e está indicado nas formas sintomáticas (sintomas ósteo-musculares) da carência. A intoxicação pela VD é rara e observada em lactentes e crianças jovens que ingerem doses elevadas de VD de forma aguda. Este artigo de revisão aborda estas e outras questões a respeito da VD, com ênfase especial às particularidades relacionadas às crianças e aos adolescentes.
Terapia nutricional em pacientes com câncer do aparelho digestivo
Authors: Godoi Lilia Tomaz , Fernandes Sandra Lúcia 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOO estado nutricional é um determinante crítico do sucesso do tratamento e qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer. As terapias contra o câncer, incluindo cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia estão associadas à desnutrição, além do que, as drogas utilizadas no tratamento para combater o câncer muitas vezes resultam em vômitos, mucosite, diarréia e disfagia. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal compreender o efeito das intervenções nutricionais em pacientes com câncer no trato digestivo, analisando diversos estudos. Para a realização deste estudo foi utilizado o método de revisão da bibliografia, pesquisando-se artigos científicos das bases de dados PubMed, Bireme e Google acadêmico. Os resultados mostraram que a caquexia neoplásica é uma manifestação clínica muito comum em pacientes com câncer no trato gastrointestinal. A terapia nutricional precoce proporciona resultados benéficos em termos de minimizar a perda de peso, reduzir a deterioração do estado nutricional e da função física. Sempre que possível a primeira escolha deve ser a via oral. Porém, pacientes desnutridos ou que não conseguem ingerir a oferta calórica e proteica calculada por via oral, podem ser candidatos à nutrição enteral (NE) ou nutrição parenteral (NP). Estudos recentes têm sugerido a associação das terapias enteral e parenteral na redução das complicações pós-operatórias e na diminuição da permanência hospitalar.
A importância da microbiota no organismo humano e sua relação com a obesidade
Authors: Ramirez Ana Valeria Garcia 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOEste trabalho é uma revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de descrever a Importância da microbiota no organismo humano e sua relação com a obesidade. Foram realizadas compilações bibliográficas de artigos científicos originais e de revisão em revistas indexadas, Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Scielo PubMed/Medline, SeCS. O trabalho descreveu que a microbiota é uma população de organismos microscópios que habitam o corpo humano. A microbiota intestinal influencia nas doenças gastrointestinais, e em uma variedade de condições imunológicas, como o diabetes mellitus tipo1, doenças cardiovasculares, doenças desmielinizantes autoimunes, alergia, asma, e na obesidade. Há uma associação entre a microbiota intestinal e o peso corporal, havendo uma modificação na composição das bactérias intestinais em obesos diferente das pessoas com IMC normal. O aumento do número de microrganismo promotores da saúde no trato gastrointestinal pode ser feito pela alimentação com prebióticos e probióticos, os quais modificam a composição da microbiota, formando uma barreira contra as bactérias ruins do ecossistema. O trabalho mostrou que com a integridade intestinal é possível evitar o surgimento de doenças impedindo a entrada de microrganismos patógenos e antígenos.
Effects of Sodium Cyclamate and Aspartame on the Rat Placenta - A Morphometric Study
Authors: de Matos Marcelo Alexandre , Martins Alex Tadeu , Azoubel Reinaldo 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effects on the placenta of the administration to rats during embryogenesis, of sodium cyclamate or aspartame. Method: Administration of respectively, 14 mg/kg of aspartame via an orogastric sound to a group of rats during their tenth to fourteenth day of pregnancy, of 60 mg/kg of sodium cyclamate intraperitonially to another group, and of equivalent volumes of saline by the same routes to controls. On the twentieth day of pregnancy five foetuses of each group were aleatorily selected for study. Kariometry was used to evaluate nuclear parameters of the decidua, spongy layers and chorionic villi of the placenta. Results: Weights of foetuses and placentas, as well as lengths of cords were lower in treated rats, compared to control. While no changes were observed in the decidual layer of the cyclamate-treated group, this layer was altered by aspartame treatment. Nuclear parameters in the spongy layer and chorionic villi were altered in both, cyclamate and aspartame-treated groups. Conclusions: The study numerically demonstrated placenta intoxication by sodium cyclamate or aspartame and consequent repercussion on foetuses of the use of these substances during pregnancy.
Tempo de jejum e uso de nutroterapia em pacientes pediátricos com choque séptico
Authors: Fernandes Andersen Othon Rocha 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Introdução: O choque séptico é um estágio final do processo infeccioso, que se manifesta por intenso desequilíbrio orgânico, com taxas elevadas de mortalidade. A inflamação sistêmica interfere no suporte nutricional.
Objetivos: Verificar estado nutricional, período de jejum, uso e tipo de terapia nutrológica e a relação destas variáveis com o risco de óbito dos pacientes com quadro de choque séptico pediátrico.
Métodos: Foram incluídos 111 pacientes pediátricos internados na UTIP do HMIB com diagnóstico de choque séptico, de 1998 a 2007. Foi descrito o perfil da amostra e feita análise estatística a fim de avaliar risco de óbito.
Resultados: As internações por choque séptico corresponderam a 3,7% de todas as admissões do período. A população foi composta em sua maioria por lactentes, menores de 1 ano de idade, com elevada prevalência de desnutrição. Ausência de uso de nutrição enteral (OR 22,142) foi identificada como preditor de óbito.
Conclusão: Recomenda-se nutrir tão precocemente seja possível, privilegiando a via enteral quando viável.
Crianças com paralisia cerebral: como podemos avaliar e manejar seus aspectos nutricionais
Authors: Mota Marília Alonso , Silveira Carla Rosane Moraes , de Mello Elza Daniel 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Introdução: A população de crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral (PC) vem crescendo ao passar dos anos. Estima-se que se tenha de 30.000 a 40.000 casos novos por ano no Brasil. Nesse sentido, os profissionais de saúde devem estar preparados para atender essa população. A classificação do estado nutricional adequada para a população de PC, otimiza uma intervenção nutricional adequada. E, é importante levar em consideração, no momento da avaliação nutricional, que as crianças com PC têm características próprias como distúrbios de deglutição e déficit motores, não devendo ser avaliadas da mesma forma que crianças saudáveis. Neste sentido o objetivo deste estudo é revisar na literatura métodos de avaliação nutricional e terapia nutricional utilizados em crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral.
Fonte de dados: Artigos indexados nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SCIELO, além de referências clássicas. As palavras utilizadas foram: “paralisia cerebral”, “avaliação nutricional”, “curvas de crescimento” e “terapia nutricional”.
Conclusões: Percebe-se que não está bem definido quais métodos devem ser utilizados na avaliação nutricional dos pacientes com PC. Nesse sentido, está sendo salientado aspectos importantes no atendimento nutricional de crianças com PC.