bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depletion of GPSM1 enhances ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis via cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway in vitro
Authors: Cai Xuzi , Fu Huijiao , Wang Yan , Liu Qiwen , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Genetic causes of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) account for approximately 20~25% of patients. So far, only a few genes have been identified. Results Here, we first identified the c.1840C>A on G-protein signaling modulator 1 (GPSM1) as a susceptibility locus for POI in 10 sporadic POI patients by whole-exome sequencing. The frequency of GPSM1 c.1840C>A was then verified as 3/20 in a POI sample of 20 patients (including the above 10 patients) by Sanger sequencing. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed the expression of GPSM1 in rat ovaries was increased in the large antral follicle stage compared to the primordial follicle stage (P<0.01). The cell proliferation assay (CCK8) and flow cytometry suggested that the small-interfering RNA-induced silencing of Gpsm1 significantly increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of rat ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) (P<0.01). Furthermore, suppression of Gpsm1 in GCs reduced levels of cAMP, PKAc, p-CREB as well as the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and increased the expression of Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-3 (P<0.01). Conclusions In summary, this study identified a susceptibility variant GPSM1 c.1840C>A of POI for the first time. Gpsm1 was related to rat follicle development, and silencing of Gpsm1 increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation in rat GCs, possibly through inhibition of the cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway.
Influence of a 100-mile Ultramarathon on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Paech Christian , Schrieber Simone , Dähnert Ingo , Hellinger Paul Schmidt- , Wolfarth Bernd , Wüstenfeld Jan , Thouet Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an ultra-marathon (UM) with a distance of 100 miles on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: 28 runners (25 males and 3 females) underwent 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring one week before the UM (U1), immediately after (U2) the UM and after a week of recovery (U3). The influence of age, body mass index (BMI), HR and HRV on the run time as well as recovery were investigated. RESULTS: A rise in the baseline heart rate (18.98%) immediately after the run accompanied by a significant drop in the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) (7.12%) one week after. Except for the age of the runners, BMI, HR and HRV showed no influence on the competition time. Full return of HRV to the athletes´ individual baseline did not occur within one week. There were no significant differences between finishers and non-finishers in analysed parameters.CONCLUSION: The present results show that a 100-mile run leads to an increase in sympathetic activity and thus to an increase in heart rate and a decrease in HRV. In addition, HRV might be a suitable parameter to evaluate full recovery after a 100-mile run.
Efficacy of prophylactic methylprednisolone on reducing the risk of post-extubation stridor in an emergency setting: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Walline Joseph Harold , Yin Lu , Dai Yili , Dai Jiayuan , Zhu Huadong , Yu Xuezhong , Xu Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Post-extubation stridor (PES) is one of common complications of invasive respiratory support, with severe cases leading to extubation failure (need reintubation within 48 hours after extubation) and increased mortality. Previous studies confirmed that prophylactic corticosteroids play an important role in reducing the risk of PES and extubation failure. However, few study the efficacy of corticosteroid on preventing PES in patients with an emergency intubation. Aim: To evaluate whether a single dose of methylprednisolone given over a set time-frame before extubation is effective in preventing PES in patients with an emergency intubation. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial will be performed. The trial will include 242 patients who fail the cuff-leak test (CLT) in the intervention. The patients will be randomly assigned to either intravenous methylprednisolone 40mg or placebo four hours prior to extubation. Other eligible patients who pass the CLT will be included in non-intervention (observation). The primary endpoint is the incidence of PES within 48 hours after extubation, the secondary endpoints are the oxygen therapy, requirement for respiratory support, reintubation secondary to PES, adverse effects within 48 hours after extubation, hospital length of stay and hospital mortality.Discussion: Patients who are intubated on an emergency basis have a higher risk of intubation-related complications due to some inevitable reasons. Earlier studies showed more than 10 different corticosteroids treatments on PES prevention, while only a simple and effective treatment will be appropriate for Emergency Department therapy. Additionally, corticosteroids administration is usually companied by adverse effects, thus the recording of adverse effects is important for further pros and cons analysis of prophylactic corticosteroid use among emergency patients. Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030349. Registered on 29 Feb 2020.
Evaluation of acute central serous chorioretinopathy using enhanced depth imaging OCT and multifocal electroretinography
Authors: Hong In Hwan , Chang In Boem , Jeon Gang Seok , Han Jae Ryong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate functional and structural abnormalities in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT)Methods: This prospective observational study included 57 patients with unilateral CSC. Both eyes underwent mfERG and EDI-OCT. Peak amplitudes and implicit times of the ﬁrst kernel responses were analyzed and compared with those in 25 age-matched normal controls. Correlational analyses were performed between the mfERG results and EDI-OCT parameters. The thicknesses of the central retina, subretinal fluid, and choroid was measured at baseline and 3 months later.Results: Compared with the normal controls, the amplitude and implicit time on mfERG were significantly impaired in the area with serous retinal detachment (SRD). The P1 amplitude and implicit time of the areas beyond the SRD were also found to be significantly impaired in the affected eyes. Eyes with a greater reduction in SRD had a less impaired mfERG response in fellow eyes than those whose retinal detachments were not spontaneously decreased by more than 90% after 3 months. Correlational analysis did not reveal any significant correlations between mfERG values and OCT parameters except for central choroidal thickness. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was negatively correlated with the mfERG parameters.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate diffuse functional impairment in acute CSC involving both eyes and areas beyond the SRD. The retinal response of the unaffected eye was associated with regression of SRD. Functional retinal abnormality was found to correlate with pathological changes in the choroid.
Developing and Testing the Effectiveness of a Novel Online Integrated Treatment for Problem Gambling and Tobacco Smoking: A Protocol for an Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bilevicius Elena , Single Alanna , Baumgartner Chris , Bui Van , Kempe Tyler , Schaub Michael , Stewart Sherry , MacKillop James , Hodgins David , Wardell Jeffrey , O'Connor Roisin , Read Jennifer , Hadjistavropoulos Heather , Sundstrom Christopher , Keough Matt 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Gambling and tobacco smoking are highly comorbid among North American adults. However, there is a paucity of treatment options that are integrated (i.e., targeting both gambling and tobacco smoking simultaneously), accessible, and evidence based. Methods: The aim of this two-arm open label randomized controlled trial is to examine the effectiveness of an online, self-guided integrated treatment for problem gambling and tobacco smoking. A target sample of 214 participants will be recruited and be randomized into either an eight-week integrated or gambling-only control condition. Both conditions will consist of seven online modules following cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing principles. Our three primary outcomes are (1) number of days gambled, (2) money spent on gambling activities, and (3) time spent in gambling activities. Secondary outcomes include gambling disorder symptoms, cigarette use, and nicotine dependence symptoms. Assessments will be completed at baseline, at completion (i.e., eight-weeks from baseline), and follow-up (i.e., 24-weeks from baseline). Generalized linear mixed modelling will be used to evaluate our primary and secondary outcomes. We expect that participants receiving online integrated treatment will show larger reductions in gambling relative to those receiving a control gambling only intervention. We further hypothesize that reductions in smoking will mediate these group differences. Discussion: The rates of problem gambling and tobacco smoking are high in North America; yet, the treatment options for both are limited, with no integrated treatments available. If supported, our pilot study will be a cost-effective and accessible way to improve treatments for co-occurring problem gambling and tobacco use. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov; ID NCT03614884. Registered August 3, 2019; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03614884?term=keough&rank=1
An Intelligent Loader-Digger Heat Balance System based on Simulation and Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Xi , Liu Di , Zhou Honggen , Wu Haiyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
High temperature of the radiator group is harmful to the power system and hydraulic system. In order to improve the heat dissipation performance of the loader, the flow field characteristics of the cooling chamber are analyzed by simulation and heat balance test. Firstly, the mathematical model of heat flow is established. Secondly, the flow field in the cooling chamber under different speeds is simulated based on CFX. And then the influence of fan position and internal flow field distribution on radiator performance is studied. Through the simulation of four different distances, it is concluded that the optimal distance between cooling fan and radiator is 76mm. Finally, the heat balance test system based on wireless sensor network is established, and the simulation results are verified. The test results show that the heat dissipation performance of the whole machine meets the requirements after optimization. In this paper, the proposed scheme can dynamically adjust the heat dissipation performance and make the loader excavator in an efficient and energy-saving operation state.
N/OFQ modulates orofacial pain induced by tooth movement through CGRP-dependent pathways
Authors: Yan Xinyu , Han Han , Zhang Shizhen , Lu Yanzhu , Ren Linghuan , Tang Yufei , Li Xiaolong , Jian Fan , Wang Yan , Long Hu , Lai Wenli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) has been revealed to play bidirectional roles in orofacial pain modulation. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a well-known pro-nociceptive molecule that participates in the modulation of orofacial pain. We aimed to determine the effects of N/OFQ on the modulation of orofacial pain and on the release of CGRP.Methods: Orofacial pain model was established by ligating springs between incisors and molars in rats for the simulation of tooth movement. The expression level of N/OFQ was determined and pain level scored in response to orofacial pain. Both agonist and antagonist of N/OFQ receptor were administered to examine their effects on pain and the expression of CGRP in trigeminal ganglia (TG). Moreover, gene therapy based on the overexpression of N/OFQ was delivered to validate the modulatory role of N/OFQ on pain and CGRP expression.Results: Tooth movement elicited orofacial pain and an elevation in N/OFQ expression. N/OFQ exacerbated orofacial pain and upregulated CGRP expression in TG, while UFP-101 alleviated pain and downregulated CGRP expression. N/OFQ-based gene therapy was successful in overexpressing N/OFQ in TG, which resulted in pain exacerbation and elevation of CGRP expression in TG.Conclusions: N/OFQ exacerbated orofacial pain possibly through upregulating CGRP.
Use Of Spinal Anaesthesia In Neonates And Infants In Antananarivo, Madagascar: A Retrospective Descriptive Study&nbsp;
Authors: Randriamizao Harifetra Mamy Richard , Rakotondrainibe Aurelia , Razafindrabekoto Lova Dany Ella , Ravoaviarivelo Prisca Funken , Rajaonera Andriambelo Tovohery , Andriamanarivo Mamy Lalatiana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to present the first cases of spinal anesthesia, in newborns and infants, preterm / ex-prematures, in order to determine its feasibility and its potential harmlessness, in Antananarivo – Madagascar. Indeed, spinal anesthesia is a low cost technique and can limit respiratory complications, postoperative apnea a contrario with pediatric general anesthesia which can lead to perioperative risks. Results: In a retrospective, descriptive, seven-year (2013 to 2019) period study, conducted in the University Hospital Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona, 69 patients’ data files planned to have spinal anesthesia were recorded. These pediatric patients were predominantly male (sex ratio = 2.8) and 37 [28 - 52] days old. The smallest anesthetized child weighed 880g; the youngest was 4 days old. Twenty-seven (27) of them were premature and 20.3% presented respiratory diseases. They were mostly scheduled for hernia repair (90%). Spinal anesthesia was performed, with a Gauge 25 Quincke spinal needle, after 2 [1 - 2] attempts with hyperbaric bupivacaine of 4 [3.5 - 4] mg. Failure rate was 5.8%. The heart rate was stable throughout perioperative period and no complications were observed.
A single-centre retrospective study of systemic reactions to subcutaneous immunotherapy
Authors: Robertson Kara , Montazeri Nazanin , Shelke Urvashi , Jeimy Samira , Kim Harold 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSubcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is the standard approach for treating patients with sensitizations to aeroallergens. However, immunotherapy can trigger severe systemic reactions if delivered inappropriately or to high risk patients. We sought to characterize and quantify SCIT systemic reactions requiring epinephrine administration during a 6-year period in a Canadian setting following the recommendations for components and dosages published in the 2010 Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (CSACI) Immunotherapy Manual. MethodsA single centre retrospective chart review was performed for all patients with systemic reactions to subcutaneous immunotherapy requiring intramuscular epinephrine injection between January 2011 and October 2017. Each systemic reaction requiring epinephrine was reviewed for baseline patient characteristics, details of the reaction, and reaction severity. Research ethics approval was obtained through McMaster University.Results28 of 380 patients experienced a systemic reaction requiring epinephrine administration, with an incidence rate of 1 per 1,047 injection visits (0.095%). 26 of the 28 reactions occurred within the mandatory 30-minute observation period post allergen immunotherapy. Of the 28 patients that experienced a systemic reaction to SCIT, 11 patients had asthma and 5 patients had a history of possible food allergy. All of the systemic reactions occurred during injections from vial number 4, and five patients reacted to their first shot of a re-ordered extract. 10 of the 28 patients required more than one intramuscular injection of epinephrine, and 20 of 28 patients were transferred to the hospital by ambulance.ConclusionsThis is the first Canadian study to review patients with systemic reactions to subcutaneous immunotherapy. Several best practice methods were employed throughout the study to optimize subcutaneous delivery of immunotherapy extract, and our recorded per injection incidence rate for systemic reactions was comparable or below the rate published in similar studies. The recommendations in the CSACI Immunotherapy Manual provide an approach to standardizing prescriptions for SCIT to maximize immunotherapy efficacy and reduce the risk of systemic reactions, though similar studies in larger multicenter settings are needed to confirm these observations. These observations provide important objective information to clinicians about the potential risks for systemic reactions in patients considering SCIT.
A One Health framework to estimate the cost of antimicrobial resistance.
Authors: Morel Chantal , Alm Richard , Ardal Christine , Bandera Alessandra , Bruno Giacomo , Carrara Elena , Colombo Giorgio , de Kraker Marlieke , Essack Sabiha , Frost Isabel , Gonzalez-Zorn Herman Bruno , Guardabassi Luca , Harbarth Stephan , Jørgensen Peter S. , Kanj Souha , Kostyanev Tomislav , Laxminarayan Ramanan , Leonard Finola , Hara Gabriel Levy , Mendelson Marc , Mikulska Malgorzata , Mutter Nico T. , Outterson Kevin , Baňo Jesus Rodriguez , Tacconelli Evelina , Scudeller Luigia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives/Purpose The costs attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain theoretical and largely unspecified. Current figures fail to capture the full health and economic burden caused by AMR across human, animal, and environmental health; historically many studies have considered only direct costs associated with human infection from a hospital perspective, primarily from high-income countries. The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Platform for ONE-Burden Estimates (GAP-ON€) network has developed a framework to help guide AMR costing exercises in any part of the world as a first step towards more comprehensive analyses for comparing AMR interventions at the local level as well as more harmonized analyses for quantifying the full economic burden attributable to AMR at the global level.Methods GAP-ON€ (funded under the JPIAMR 8th call (Virtual Research Institute) is composed of 19 international networks and institutions active in the field of AMR. For this project, the Network operated by means of Delphi rounds, teleconferences and face-to-face meetings. The resulting costing framework takes a bottom-up approach to incorporate all relevant costs imposed by an AMR bacterial microbe in a patient, in an animal, or in the environment up through to the societal level. Results The framework itemizes the epidemiological data as well as the direct and indirect cost components needed to build a realistic cost picture for AMR. While the framework lists a large number of relevant pathogens for which this framework could be used to explore the costs, the framework is sufficiently generic to facilitate the costing of other resistant pathogens, including those of other aetiologies. Conclusion In order to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses to choose amongst different AMR-related interventions at local level, the costing of AMR should be done according to local epidemiological priorities and local health service norms. Yet the use of a common framework across settings allows for the results of such studies to contribute to cumulative estimates that can serve as the basis of broader policy decisions at the international level such as how to steer R&D funding and how to prioritize AMR amongst other issues. Indeed, it is only by building a realistic cost picture that we can make informed decisions on how best to tackle major health threats.
Monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened the hatching time via pineal function in White Leghorn eggs
Authors: Wang Panlin , Sun Yanyan , Li Yunlei , Fan Jing , Zong Yunhe , Isa Adamu Mani , Shi Lei , Wang Yuanmei , Ni Aixin , Ge Pingzhuang , Jiang Linlin , Bian Shixiong , Ma Hui , Yuan Zhengdong , Liu Xiaolin , Chen Jilan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Effect of monochromatic green light illumination on embryo development has been reported in chickens. The avian pineal is an important photo-endocrine organ formed by a mediodorsal protrusion during embryonic development. However, the involvement of pineal gland in the lighting transducing process remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the influence of monochromatic green light on hatching time and explored the possible mechanism via pineal function. Results: A total of 600 eggs of White Leghorn (Shaver strain) were incubated under photoperiods of either 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness using monochromatic green light (12L:12D group) or 24 h of darkness (0L:24D group) for 18 d. As compared to 0L:24D group, the green light stimulation shortened the hatching time without extending the hatch window or impairing hatchability. The liver of embryos incubated in the 12L:12D light condition was heavier than those of the 0L:24D group on d 21 post incubation. Meanwhile, the green light increased the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is primarily secreted by the liver. Histological structure analysis of pineal gland demonstrated that the light stimulation increased follicle area, wall thickness and lumen area on d 10 and d 12 post incubation. Rhythmic function analysis demonstrated that three clock related genes (brain and muscle ARNT-like-1, BMAL1; circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, CLOCK; and cryptochrome-1, CRY1) and a melatonin rate-limiting enzyme related gene (Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AANAT) were rhythmically expressed in the pineal gland of the 12L:12D group, but not in that of the 0L:24D group. Simultaneously, the light stimulation also increased the concentration of melatonin (MT), which was linked to hepatocyte proliferation and IGF-1 secretion in previous studies. Conclusions: The 12L:12D monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened hatching time without impairing hatching performance. Pineal gland’s early histological development and maturation of its rhythmic function were accelerated by the light stimulation. It may be the key organ in the photo-endocrine axis that regulates embryo development, and the potential mechanism could be that its higher secretion product of MT in the 12L:12D group promotes the secretion of IGF-1.