bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Queuing System in Emergency Department Management
Authors: Ziapour Behrad , Faramarzi Mohammad , Bahadoram Mohammad , Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza , Javanmardi Fatemeh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe long-standing challenge of emergency department (ED) overcrowding facing central hospitals is often aggravated once inadequate human resources mandate collaboration by companions in terms of laboratory sample transfer, patient transfers within health care facility, or so on. In this study, a digital queuing system (DQS) was developed and evaluated based on the overall goal of triage; thereby, emergency physicians could call companions into the ED, solely on the time they were required to cooperate. Materials and MethodsTo this end, patient arrivals into the ED, wherein this trial was conducted in, were classified using the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) (Version 4) as a five-level ED triage algorithm. Accordingly, patients with triage levels 3 and 4, typically accounting for the majority of the ED overcrowding were included in this trial. At the time of reception, the DQS was also recruited to locate their companions in two different queues. Subsequently, physicians recalled each companion from a station inside the ED, precisely on the time that their patients were being visited. Consecutively, the medical staff filled questionnaires on 30 shifts without the DQS as the control group and on 50 shifts with the DQS as the case group. They correspondingly utilized the Relative Chaos Scale (RCS) to quantify the levels of tension in their shifts from 1 to 10 and to report it in the questionnaires. ResultsThe implementation of the DQS could significantly mitigate the RCS reported by either nurses or residents or interns (p<0.001). Conclusion﻿It was concluded that DQSs in EDs seem as strong potential tools, which can be developed in accordance with the overall goal of triage. Such modified DQSs can further assist in ED overcrowding control, keeping companions out of EDs until the exact time they are needed.
Effects of Short-term Existential Group Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Nakamura Chizu , kawase Masatoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Cancer patients who suffer from existential difficulties, including fear of death, isolation, or loss of human relationships, try to accept these fears by exploring the meaning of their life. In particular, earlier psychological intervention for patients prevents them from psychosocial maladjustment afterwards. Therefore we have developed the Short-term Existential Group therapy Program (Short-term EGP) for cancer patients focusing on relief of existential or spiritual suffering and/or pain. This study aims to statistically evaluate the effects of this program on breast cancer patients within the first year after cancer diagnosis.Methods: 31 patients completed our research program. A ninety-minute therapeutic group session was held once a week for five weeks. We performed the above assessments three times: just before and after the intervention, as well as a month after the end of intervention. Outcome assessment included measures of spiritual well-being (SELT-M), Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) and Profile of Mood States (POMS).Results: The SELT-M “Overall QOL” scores were significantly increased after intervention, and these scores were maintained a month after intervention, particularly in those with high MAC “Hopelessness” scores. Subscales of the SELT-M scores were significantly increased after intervention, and these scores were maintained up to a month after interventionSignificance of Results: We observed that the Short-term EGP intervention was effective in helping patients relieve their existential distresses. Some of the treatment effects were observed to be maintained a month after end of the intervention. In addition, Short-term EGP is particularly effective for those patients who feel hopelessness after cancer diagnosis.Trial registration Rretrospectively registered. University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000040651. Registered June 4, 2020.
Spheres of Legislation: Polarization and Most Influential Nodes in Behavioral Context
Authors: Phillips Andrew C. , Irfan Mohammad T. , Ostertag-Hill Luca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Game-theoretic models of influence in networks often assume the network structure to be static. In this paper, we allow the network structure to vary according to the underlying behavioral context. This leads to several interesting questions on two fronts. First, how do we identify different contexts and learn the corresponding network structures using real-world data? We focus on the U.S. Senate and apply unsupervised machine learning techniques, such as fuzzy clustering algorithms and generative models, to identify spheres of legislation as context and learn an influence network for each sphere. Second, how do we analyze these networks in order to gain an insight into the role played by the spheres of legislation in various interesting constructs like polarization and most influential nodes? To this end, we apply both game-theoretic and social network analysis techniques. In particular, we show that game-theoretic notion of most influential nodes brings out the strategic aspects of interactions like bipartisan grouping, which structural centrality measures fail to capture.
Characteristics and diversity of mutations in regulatory genes of resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux pumps in association with drug-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Salehi Bahare , Ghalavand Zohreh , Yadegar Abbas , Eslami Gita 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to characterize the regulation and expression of three putative resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type efflux systems and their contribution to multidrug efflux in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of 95 A. baumannii isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion for 18 antibiotics and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin was determined by broth microdilution method. Moreover, MIC of five classes of antibiotics was assessed using E-test strips in the presence and absence of phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PAβN). Regulatory genes of RND efflux pumps (AdeRS, AdeL, AdeN and BaeSR) were subjected to sequencing. The relative expression of adeB. adeG and adeJ genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR).Results: Overall, majority of isolates (93%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). In the phenotypic assay, efflux pump activity was observed in 40% of isolates against multiple antibiotics mainly tigecycline, but not to imipenem. Several amino acid substitutions were detected in the regulatory genes; except in AdeN. Of note, G186V in AdeS were found to be associated with overexpression of their relative efflux pumps. No insertion sequences (ISs) were detected.Conclusions: Our findings outline the role of RND efflux pumps in resistance of A. baumannii against multiple antibiotics particularly tigecycline, and point out importance of a variety of single mutations in the corresponding regulatory systems. Even though it has been concluded that multidrug resistance occurs as a result of a complex sets of different resistant mechanisms.
Bleomycin induces fibrotic transformation of bone marrow stromal cells to treat height loss of intervertebral disc through the TGFβR1/Smad2/3 pathway
Authors: Yang Xiao , chen zhiqian , Chen Chen , Han Chen , Zhou Yifan , Li Xunlin , Tian Haijun , Cheng Xiaofei , Zhang Kai , Qin An , Zhou Tangjun , Zhao Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Lower back pain is often accredited to loss of intervertebral disc (IVD) height and compromised spine stability as a result of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). We aim to locally use Bleomycin to induce the fibrotic transformation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as a means to induce reparative fibrosis to slow down the height loss. Methods: IVD from patients were gathered for histological examination. The expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β) signaling pathway was determined by qPCR and western blotting. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and the Rats’ bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC)were cultured and their responsiveness to Bleomycin was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8, comet assay, transwell migration and wound healing assays. Rat IVDD models were created by puncture, rescued by Bleomycin injection and the effectiveness was evaluated by images (X-ray and MRI) and atomic force microscope. Results: Histological examination showed increased levels of pro-fibrotic markers in IVDD tissues from patients. AF cells and BMSC cells was induced to adopt to a pro-fibrotic phenotype with increased expression fibrotic markers Col1a1, Col3a1, FSP1. The pro-fibrotic effect of Bleomycin on AF cells and BMSCs was in part due to the activation of the TGFβ-TGFβR1-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition or gene knock-down of TGFβR1 could mitigate the pro-fibrotic effects. Conclusion: Locally injection of Bleomycin in rats’ IVD induced rapid fibrosis and maintained its height through TGFβ-TGFβR1-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Coping Strategies of COVID-19 in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Ma Muye , Yin Wenqiang , Wang Gejin , Yu Dahai , Ma Jinqiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 spread from Hubei Province to the whole country and even many countries in the world, which has greatly impacted the public health，economic and social development in China and the world. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shandong Province, analyze the incidence trends, and explore the coping strategies for providing the basis and reference for COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. Methods: Descriptive analysis was performed for epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases from Jan. 21, 2020 to Feb. 15, 2020, in Shandong Province, and the spatiotemporal distribution of confirmed cases was drawn. Results: As of Feb. 15, 2020, there were 537 confirmed cases in Shandong Province and the cumulative incidence was 0.53/100000. The daily number of new confirmed cases showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, and the increase rate of the cumulative confirmed cases showed a downward trend. The severe rate, critical rate, cured rate and fatality rate were 2.98%, 2.23%, 30.54%, and 0.37%. Confirmed cases were more Males than females, and the infected patients covered all age groups. The cumulative number of confirmed cases of the resident population in the province has gradually exceeded that of the population from other places to Shandong, and the number of patients who had a history of close contact with confirmed cases has significantly increased over time. Qingdao had the largest number of confirmed cases. Conclusions: Our findings analyzed the early period of the epidemic in Shandong Province, which provide a novel insight for epidemic prevention and control.
Validation of the Chinese Version of the Patient' s Communication Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (PCSS) in Out Patients after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhao Wen H , Capone Vincenza , Li Yi Z , Wang Jing , Luo Wen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Among older patients worldwide, communication has become an important public health issue in the world. This communication could be improved by different interventions. However, a tool of measuring patients’ confidence in communication with doctors has not been established in China. This study is aimed at translating and introducing the Patient's Communication Self-Efficacy Scale for assessing communication between doctors and elderly patients.Method: (1) A post-consultation questionnaire was completed by 167 patients (mean age = 70.04 years; SD: 6.3 years; females/males: 94/73). The researchers translated the English version PCSS into Chinese under the guidance of the original author. (2) The final Chinese version of the PCSS was validated. Measurement indices included item generation, reliability testing, construct validity and test-retest reliability. To carry out the above tests, we used SPSS 19.0 software and LISREL 8.7. We built the Bayesian network model of the Chinese version of the PCSS and determined predictive variables.Result: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Chinese version of the PCSS fit a three-dimensional model. Additionally, the Chinese version of the PCSS has high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficient 0.929) and test-retest reliability (Kappa coefficient 0.761). The Bayesian networks shows that the important predictors are education (0.4207), PEPPI 3 (0.3951), and PCSS 1 (0.1139). The connections between PCSS 3 and other variables do not indicate causality but rather conditional dependencies or interrelatedness.Conclusion: This is the first study to validate the Chinese version of the PCSS in outpatients after total hip replacement. Our results confirmed that the Chinese version of the scale has high internal consistency, construct validity and test-retest reliability. Patient-doctor interaction and education are important predictors of patient communication self-efficacy.
Formation of CoIV=O intermediate at the Boundary of the “Oxo-wall” Induces Water Oxidation
Authors: Ezhov Roman , Ravari Alireza , Bury Gabriel , Smith Paul , Pushkar Yulia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Development of economically viable artificial photosynthesis requires use of 3d metal-based catalysts. Water oxidation by [Co4O4]n+ cubane mimics water splitting by CaMn4O5 cluster in Nature but the exact mechanism of O-O bond formation is presently unknown. We demonstrate first in situ detection CoIV=O (~ 1.67 Å) moiety formed upon activation of [Co4O4Py4Ac4]0 (Py = pyridine and Ac = CH3COO−) towards O-O bond formation. Combined spectroscopic and DFT analyses show that the intermediate active in O-O bond formation has two CoIV centers and at least one CoIV=O unit of strong radicaloid character that participates in O-O bond formation via water nucleophilic attack. The multimetallic structure of the cubane provides unique stabilization for CoIV=O + H2O = Co-OOH + H+ transition with the carboxyl accepting the proton and the bridging oxygen stabilizing the peroxide via hydrogen bonding. Results are important for development of oxygen evolution catalysts based on Earth-abundant 3d elements.
Leadership in our secondary schools: good people, inadequate systems
Authors: Macann Graeme 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The contexts in which Aotearoa New Zealand leaders learn and work have improved in some respects from 30 years ago and deteriorated in others. The improvements include a significant shift away from heroic, often dictatorial, models of leadership towards a greater focus on the many layers and types of leadership required for secondary schools to be successful. The deterioration in leaders being able to learn together across our state school system is created by high levels of competition among state secondary schools and by the inability of the Ministry of Education to have as much influence as might be hoped for in a state education system on the learning – by adults as well as children – in schools. In many parts of the country non- Māori school leaders now have the ability to know much more about hapu and iwi history relevant to their setting than was the case 30 years ago, including through the work of the Waitangi Tribunal.
The “balkanisation” of our school system has become more pronounced over the last 30 years, as have the challenges resulting from the growing socio-economic divide between our poorest state schools and our most affluent. The “hands-off” approach from the Ministry of Education and successive governments regarding school zones has damaged the integrity and efficiency of our state school system. Several bitter pay disputes between governments of the day and the secondary teachers’ union, the Post-Primary Teachers’ Association (PPTA) especially, have meant that shared commitments by teachers’ representatives and the Ministry of Education to plan well for teacher supply for our state secondary schools have been difficult to achieve. Teacher supply challenges have added to the pressures on senior and middle leaders of the state schools serving our lowest socio-economic communities especially.
An evolution in distributed educational leadership: From sole leader to co-principalship
Authors: Notman Ross 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper traverses changes in perceptions of the school principal’s role, from sole to distributed leadership practices. A brief commentary on selected New Zealand literature is followed by a case study of a secondary co-principalship that identifies adaptive strategies and success factors in this joint role. The potentiality of the national Leadership Strategy (2018) and Educational Leadership Capability Framework (2018) to impact these distributed features will then be explored. The paper concludes with suggestions for future directions for distributed leadership practice in New Zealand.
Thirty years of leadership in New Zealand education: From the shadows of management to sine qua non
Authors: Youngs Howard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Leadership is now promoted as the sine qua non (essential ingredient) for maintaining and developing effective education in New Zealand. It was not this way in the latter years of the 1980s and through the 1990s, when educational management was the preferred nomenclature. Since the turn of the millennium, management has subsided into the shadows of leadership in New Zealand education as part of a global shift in the education policy lexicon and the Educational Management, Administration and Leadership (EMAL) field. Rather than argue whether leadership should be preferred over management, or vice versa, this article focuses on the rise of leadership in New Zealand education over the last 30 years.
Enhanced Anticancer Activity and Apoptosis Effect of Bioactive Compound Quercetin Extracted from Ocimum sanctum Leaves
Authors: Santhanam Amutha , Chandrasekharan Naveen Kumar , Ilangovan Rajangam 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The occurrence of cancer results in cellular changes that cause the uncontrolled
growth and division of cells. Apoptosis removes cells during development and eliminates
potentially cancerous cells. The bioactive compounds present in the herbal plant show cytotoxic activity
that results in apoptosis. The traditional herbal plants are used worldwide both in allopathy
and other traditional ways.

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to extract the bioactive compound Quercetin from
the medicinally significant plant Ocimum sanctum and also to develop nanomedicine as Qu-PEGNiGs.

Materials and Methods:
Leaf extract of the medicinally significant plant Ocimum sanctum (O.
sanctum) has been used for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles (NiGs) and extraction of quercetin
(Qu). The ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum was added to 1 mM Nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2) and
stirred for 3 hrs at room temperature and dried at 60°C for 3hrs and calcinated at 400°C for 2hrs
and characterized using Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM, DLS and zeta potential. The
quercetin was isolated from Ocimum sanctum leaf extract using the reflux condenser method. The
bio-polymer was PEG-coated over NiGs and quercetin was loaded into it. The apoptosis activity using
MCF-7 cells was performed with Qu-PEG-NiGs. The purity of quercetin was characterized using
HPLC. In order to analyse apoptosis efficiency, MTT assay, and reactive oxygen species
(ROS), cell cycle analysis has been performed.

Results:
The NiGs absorption spectrum gives a peak at 408nm. The FT-IR confirms the presence
of particular functional groups shifting from the compound NiGs and then coated with PEG-Qu-
NiGs. The SEM images show the size of NiGs ranging from 27.3 nm to 40.4 nm with varied morphology
such as hexagonal and other irregular shapes. The presence of quercetin extracted from
the leaf powder is approximately 1.5 mg/g. The ROS results show the Qu-PEG-NiGs induced efficiency
of the apoptosis, while the increased concentrations promote ROS and lead to activation of
the apoptosis. The cell cycle analysis has shown the cytotoxic effect.

Conclusion:
The Quercetin loaded PEG coated nickel nanoparticles can be used as a promising
chemotherapeutic agent against MCF7 breast cancer cells. Further studies are required for evaluating
Qu-PEG-NiGs anticancer activity on different types of cancer cells.
The Effect of Tele-acupressure Self-practice for Mental Health and Wellbeing in the Community During COVID-19
Authors: Kim Yun Jin 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Preliminary studies support the clinical effect of acupressure in managing
neuropsychiatric diseases. However, procedures for the selection of intervention and Tele-acupressure
self-practice implementation techniques are lacking. This lack of information hinders further studies
on the effect of Tele-acupressure self-practice and its subsequent clinical uses.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Tele-acupressure self-practice on the improvement
of mental health as well as depression, anxiety and well-being during COVID-19 in Malaysia.

Methods:
The goal of this work was to manage Tele-acupressure self-practice for mental health during
COVID-19. All the participants (N=80) enrolled in this study were staying at one of the same communities.
The participants were randomly allocated to one of the two groups; 40 participants were involved
in the Tele-acupressure self-practice group, and 40 participants were involved in the Nonacupressure
group. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and personal
well-being (using the four Office for National Statistics personal well-being questions, ONS-4) were
used to assess measurement. Data were collected at baseline and after four weeks of treatment.

Results:
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (6.29±1.65), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
(7.20±0.65), anxiety score in well-being ONS-4 (3.34±0.38) were significantly lower; the happiness
score in well-being ONS-4 (8.82±0.86) was significantly higher in the Tele-acupressure self-practice
group compared with the Non-acupressure group in the after four week’s assessments. The two groups
were not statistically different regarding satisfaction with life and sorthwhile in the well-being ONS-4
questionnaires.

Conclusions:
Tele-acupressure self-practice had an effect than Non-acupressure in participants during
COVID-19 pandemic. But, satisfaction with life and worthwhile in the well-being was better in both
of the groups, which proved the participants became more relaxed. Tele-acupressure self-practice being
used for the COVID-19 pandemic period facilitates the development of Malaysian public mental
health intervention.