bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of preoperative high-sensitivity cardiac troponin measurement in non-cardiac surgical patients at risk of cardiovascular complications
Authors: Zhao B-C , Liu W-F , Deng Q-W , Zhuang P-P , Liu J , Li C , Liu K-X 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery are at risk of cardiovascular complications. Raised levels of high-sensitivity troponin are frequently detected before operation among these patients. However, the prognostic value of high-sensitivity troponin in predicting postoperative outcomes remains unclear.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Science Citation Index Expanded was undertaken for observational studies published before March 2018 that reported associations between raised preoperative levels of high-sensitivity troponin and postoperative major adverse cardiac events and/or mortality after non-cardiac surgery. Meta-analyses were performed, where possible, using random-effects models.

Results
Seven cohort studies with a total of 4836 patients were included. A raised preoperative high-sensitivity troponin level was associated with a higher risk of short-term major adverse cardiac events (risk ratio (RR) 2·92, 95 per cent c.i. 1·96 to 4·37; I2 = 82·6 per cent), short-term mortality (RR 5·39, 3·21 to 9·06; I2 = 0 per cent) and long-term mortality (RR 2·90, 1·83 to 4·59, I2 = 74·2 per cent). The addition of preoperative high-sensitivity troponin measurement provided improvements in cardiovascular risk discrimination (increase in C-index ranged from 0·058 to 0·109) and classification (quantified by continuous net reclassification improvement) compared with Lee's Revised Cardiac Risk Index alone. There was substantial heterogeneity and inadequate risk stratification analysis in the included studies.

Conclusion
Raised preoperative levels of high-sensitivity troponin appear to represent a risk for postoperative major adverse cardiac events and mortality. Further study is required before high-sensitivity troponin can be used to predict risk stratification in routine clinical practice.
Rational performance metrics for operating theatres, principles of efficiency, and how to achieve it
Authors: Charlesworth M , Pandit J J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Several performance metrics are commonly used by National Health Service (NHS) organizations to measure the efficiency and productivity of operating lists. These include: start time, utilization, cancellations, number of operations and gap time between operations. The authors describe reasons why these metrics are flawed, and use clinical evidence and mathematics to define a rational, balanced efficiency metric.

Methods
A narrative review of literature on the efficiency and productivity of elective NHS operating lists was undertaken. The aim was to rationalize how best to define and measure the efficiency of an operating list, and describe strategies to achieve it.

Results
There is now a wealth of literature on how optimally to measure the performance of elective surgical lists. Efficiency may be defined as the completion of all scheduled operations within the allocated time with no over- or under-runs.

Conclusion
Achieving efficiency requires appropriate scheduling using specific procedure mean (or median) times and their associated variance (standard deviation or interquartile range) to calculate the probability they can be completed on time. The case mix may be adjusted to yield better time management. This review outlines common misconceptions applied to managing scheduled operating theatre lists and the challenges of measuring unscheduled operations in emergency settings.
Randomized clinical trial of continuous transversus abdominis plane block, epidural or patient-controlled analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Xu Y J , Sun X , Jiang H , Yin Y H , Weng M L , Sun Z R , Chen W K , Miao C H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The optimal analgesia regimen after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery is unclear. The aim of the study was to characterize the beneficial effects of continuous transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks initiated before operation on outcomes following laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer were divided randomly into three groups: combined general–TAP anaesthesia (TAP group), combined general–thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA group) and standard general anaesthesia (GA group). The primary endpoint was duration of hospital stay. Secondary endpoints included gastrointestinal motility, pain scores and plasma levels of cytokines.

Results
In total, 180 patients were randomized and 165 completed the trial. The intention-to-treat analysis showed that duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in the TEA group than in the TAP and GA groups (median 4·1 (95 per cent c.i. 3·8 to 4·3) versus 3·1 (3·0 to 3·3) and versus 3·3 (3·2 to 3·6) days respectively; both P &lt; 0·001). Time to first flatus was earlier in the TAP group (P &lt; 0·001). Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores during coughing were lower in the TAP and TEA groups than the GA group (P &lt; 0·001). Raised plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor C, interleukin 6, adrenaline and cortisol were attenuated significantly by continuous TAP block.

Conclusion
Continuous TAP analgesia not only improved gastrointestinal motility but also shortened duration of hospital stay. A decreased opioid requirement and attenuating surgical stress response may be potential mechanisms. Registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-1800015535 (http://www.chictr.org.cn).
Sex differences in the association between prenatal exposure to maternal obesity and hippocampal volume in children
Authors: Alves Jasmin M. , Luo Shan , Chow Ting , Herting Megan , Xiang Anny H. , Page Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionAnimal studies have shown that male but not female offspring exposed to maternal obesity have abnormal hippocampal development. Similar sex differences were observed in animal models of developmental programming by prenatal stress or maternal diabetes. We aimed to translate this work into humans by examining sex‐specific effects of exposure to maternal obesity on hippocampal volume in children.MethodsEighty‐eight children (37 boys and 51 girls) aged 7–11 years completed the study. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was obtained from electronic medical records. A high‐resolution anatomical scan was performed using a 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subfield volumes were analyzed using FreeSurfer 6.0. Linear regression was used to investigate sex differences in relationships between maternal prepregnancy BMI and child hippocampal volume.ResultsMaternal prepregnancy BMI ranged from 19.0 to 50.4 kg/m2. We observed a significant interaction between maternal prepregnancy BMI and sex on total hippocampal volume (p < .001) such that boys (r = −.39, p = .018) but not girls (r = .11, p = .45) had a significant negative relationship between maternal prepregnancy BMI and total hippocampal volume. This relationship in boys remained significant after adjusting for child and maternal covariates (β = −126.98, p = .012). The sex interactions with prepregnancy BMI were consistently observed in hippocampal subfields CA1 (p = .008), CA2/3 (p = .016), CA4 (p = .002), dentate gyrus (p < .001), and subiculum (p < .001).ConclusionsOur results support findings in animal models and suggest that boys may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of exposure to maternal obesity on hippocampal development than girls.
The risk of early mortality in elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Liu Chia‐Jen , Hong Ying‐Chung , Kuan Ai Seon , Yeh Chiu‐Mei , Tsai Chun‐Kuang , Liu Yao‐Chung , Hsiao Liang‐Tsai , Wang Hao‐Yuan , Ko Po‐Shen , Chen Po‐Min , Liu Jin‐Hwang , Gau Jyh‐Pyng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematologic neoplasm with high incidence and mortality in the elderly. Our aims were to explore risk factors for early mortality in elderly AML patients and develop a new prognostic score.MethodsWe enrolled newly diagnosed AML patients age 60 and above at Taipei Veterans General Hospital between July 2008 and May 2017. The primary endpoint was early mortality, defined as death within two months after AML diagnosis. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to build a risk‐scoring system incorporating significant risk factors for AML.ResultsThe final cohort included 277 elderly AML patients. The median age was 74 (range 60‐96), and 61.7% were male. The two‐month mortality rate was 29.9%. Age ≥ 80 (adjusted HR 1.88), myocardial infarction (adjusted HR 1.87), ECOG ≥ 2 (adjusted HR 2.10), complex karyotype (adjusted HR 3.21), bone marrow blasts ≥ 70% (adjusted HR 1.88), WBC ≥ 100 × 109/L (adjusted HR 3.31), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 45 (adjusted HR 2.60) were identified as independent predictors for early mortality in the multivariate analysis. A simplified score incorporating the seven factors was developed with good predictive ability measured by Harrell's C statistic [0.72 (95% CI 0.66‐0.78)].ConclusionsWe identified seven potential risk factors for early mortality and built up a new prognostic score for elderly AML patients. The new score may help clinicians stratify patients and initiate appropriate management. Further validation of our findings on other cohorts is warranted.
Fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase degradation in the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii occurs in autophagy pathway
Authors: Dmytruk Olena , Bulbotka Nina , Zazulya Anastasya , Semkiv Marta , Dmytruk Kostyantyn , Sibirny Andriy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany enzymes of methanol metabolism of methylotrophic yeasts are located in peroxisomes whereas some of them have the cytosolic localization. After shift of methanol‐grown cells of methylotrophic yeasts to glucose medium, a decrease in the activity of cytosolic (formaldehyde dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase [FBP]) along with peroxisomal enzymes of methanol metabolism is observed. Mechanisms of inactivation of cytosolic enzymes remain unknown. To study the mechanism of FBP inactivation, the changes in its specific activity of the wild type strain GS200, the strain with the deletion of the GSS1 hexose sensor gene and strain defected in autophagy pathway SMD1163 of Komagataella phaffii with or without the addition of the MG132 (proteasome degradation inhibitor) were investigated after shift of methanol‐grown cells in glucose medium. Western blot analysis showed that inactivation of FBP in GS200 occurred due to protein degradation whereas inactivation in the strains SMD1163 and gss1Δ was negligible in such conditions. The effect of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 on FBP inactivation was insignificant. To confirm FBP degradation pathway, the recombinant strains with GFP‐labeled Fbp1 of K. phaffii and red fluorescent protein‐labeled peroxisomes were constructed on the background of GS200 and SMD1163. The fluorescent microscopy analysis of the constructed strains was performed using the vacuolar membrane dye FM4‐64. Microscopic data confirmed that Fbp1 degrades by autophagy pathway in K. phaffii. K. phaffii transformants, which express heterologous β‐galactosidase under FLD promoter, have been constructed.
Hemodynamics of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Goldstein James A. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConstrictive pericarditis (CP) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) are indolent disabling diseases of diastolic function. The two conditions share common pathophysiologic features, resulting in similar and overlapping clinical presentations, echocardiographic findings, and hemodynamic characteristics. However, their clinical course differs, as CP is surgically curable whereas RCM is a chronic condition managed medically. Separating these two entities is based on delineation of anatomic and physiologic derangements employing multimodality hemodynamic interrogation by advanced imaging techniques (Echo–Doppler, CT, and especially MRI) combined with sophisticated invasive hemodynamics.
Color‐Tunable Light‐up Bioorthogonal Probes for In Vivo Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Dou Yandong , Wang Yajun , Duan Yukun , Liu Bin , Hu Qinglian , Shen Wei , Sun Hongyan , Zhu Qing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLight‐up bioorthogonal probes have attracted increasing attention recently due to their capability to directly image diverse biomolecules in living cells without washing steps. The development of bioorthogonal probes with excellent fluorescent properties suitable for in vivo imaging, such as long excitation/emission wavelength, high fluorescence turn‐on ratio, and deep penetration, has been rarely reported. Herein, a series of azide‐based light‐up bioorthogonal probes with tunable colors based on a weak fluorescent 8‐aminoquinoline (AQ) scaffold were designed and synthesized. The azido quinoline derivatives are able to induce large fluorescence enhancement (up to 1352‐fold) after click reaction with alkynes. In addition, the probes could be engineered to exhibit excellent two‐photon properties (δ=542 GM at 780 nm) after further introducing different styryl groups into the AQ scaffold. Subsequent detailed bioimaging experiments demonstrated that these versatile probes can be successfully used for live cell/zebrafish imaging without washing steps. Further in vivo two‐photon imaging experiments demonstrated that these light‐up biorthogonal probe outperformed conventional fluorophores, for example, high signal‐to‐noise ratio and deep tissue penetration. The design strategy reported in this study is a useful approach to realize diverse high‐performance biorthogonal light‐up probes for in vivo studying.
Magnesium‐Catalyzed Tandem Dehydrogenation‐Dehydrocoupling: An Atom Economical Access to Alkynylboranes
Authors: Birepinte Mélodie , Liautard Virginie , Chabaud Laurent , Pucheault Mathieu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOwing to the unusual reactivity of sterically hindered amine–borane complexes, a catalytic system based on magnesium salts was designed to perform a tandem dehydrogenation–dehydrocoupling between terminal alkynes and boranes. The reaction is providing pure alkynylboranes within few minutes at room temperature, with only two molecules of hydrogen as a byproduct.
Effect of Adsorption of ZrO2 in Catalysts on the Efficiency of Hydrolysisof Cellulose to Sugar in Aqueous System under Microwave Radiation
Authors: Qiao Ying , Feng Lixin , Li Zhongqiu , Zhang Zhenyu , Chen Jing , Na Haining , Zhu Jin , Chen Lai 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionFive types of ZrO2 are used to simply establish an effective aqueous catalytic system with sulfuric acid for the hydrolysis of cellulose to sugar, respectively. By adjusting surface roughness and particle size of ZrO2, different adsorption is produced. Accordingly, following the thought to inhibit the self‐aggregation nature of cellulose, after the introduction of ZrO2 with adsorption in catalysts, the efficiency of the hydrolysis of cellulose to sugar is improved. The results show different ZrO2 can produce different effects during the hydrolysis of the cellulose with relatively low crystallinity. Under the optimal conditions, the conversion of cellulose and TRS yield reaches 95.5% and 93.6%, respectively. Through this research, it reveals the critical point to organize a feasible and useful way for the hydrolysis of cellulose to sugar with high efficiency in an aqueous system. An important theoretical and technical support is also provided for the conversion and utilization of cellulose in the future.
Breast cancer screening disparities between women with and without disabilities: A national database study in South Korea
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Yu Jonghan , Cho Juhee , Lee Se Kyung , Jung Jin Hyung , Han Kyungdo , Kim So Young , Yoo Jung Eun , Yeob Kyoung Eun , Kim Yeon Yong , Park Jong Heon , Park Jong Hyock , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundHealth disparities among individuals with disabilities remain underrecognized. The objective of the current study was to investigate: 1) whether disparities exist in breast cancer screening rates among women with disabilities compared with women without disabilities; 2) whether breast cancer screening rates vary according to the type and severity of disabilities; and 3) trends in breast cancer screening disparities according to disability status over time.MethodsUsing national administrative databases concerning disability status and national cancer screening programs in Korea, age‐standardized participation rates were calculated according to the type and severity of disabilities.ResultsThe age‐standardized rate for breast cancer screening in individuals with disabilities increased from 30.2% in 2006 to 53.7% in 2015 (change of +23.5%), whereas that among those without a disability increased from 29.3% to 60.1% (change of +30.8%). In general, disability was associated with slightly lower breast cancer screening rates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.824; 95% CI, 0.820‐0.828). However, screening rates were especially low in women with severe disabilities (aOR, 0.465; 95% CI, 0.461‐0.469) and among women with autism (aOR, 0.235; 95% CI, 0.143‐0.388), renal failure (aOR, 0.342; 95% CI, 0.337‐0.348), brain injury (aOR, 0.349; 95% CI, 0.346‐0.352), intellectual disabilities (aOR, 0.403; 95% CI, 0.397‐0.410), mental disorders (aOR, 0.494; 95% CI, 0.488‐0.501), or ostomies (aOR, 0.529; 95% CI, 0.512‐0.546).ConclusionsEven without a cost barrier, significant disparities were found in breast cancer screening participation, especially in women with severe disabilities and brain‐related and/or mental disabilities. Policy efforts, such as ensuring the accessibility of information and equipment, transportation support, and access to a usual source of care, should be made to decrease this disparity.
Mass spectrometry imaging to detect lipid biomarkers and disease signatures in cancer
Authors: Holzlechner Matthias , Eugenin Eliseo , Prideaux Brendan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent methods to identify, classify, and predict tumor behavior mostly rely on histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular determinants. However, better predictive markers are required for tumor diagnosis and evaluation. Due, in part, to recent technological advancements, metabolomics and lipid biomarkers have become a promising area in cancer research. Therefore, there is a necessity for novel and complementary techniques to identify and visualize these molecular markers within tumors and surrounding tissue.Recent FindingsSince its introduction, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has proven to be a powerful tool for mapping analytes in biological tissues. By adding the label‐free specificity of mass spectrometry to the detailed spatial information of traditional histology, hundreds of lipids can be imaged simultaneously within a tumor. MSI provides highly detailed lipid maps for comparing intra‐tumor, tumor margin, and healthy regions to identify biomarkers, patterns of disease, and potential therapeutic targets. In this manuscript, recent advancement in sample preparation and MSI technologies are discussed with special emphasis on cancer lipid research to identify tumor biomarkers.ConclusionMSI offers a unique approach for biomolecular characterization of tumor tissues and provides valuable complementary information to histology for lipid biomarker discovery and tumor classification in clinical and research cancer applications.
Machine Learning for Analysis of Microscopy Images: A Practical Guide
Authors: Zinchuk Vadim , Grossenbacher‐Zinchuk Olga 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe explosive growth of machine learning has provided scientists with insights into data in ways unattainable using prior research techniques. It has allowed the detection of biological features that were previously unrecognized and overlooked. However, because machine‐learning methodology originates from informatics, many cell biology labs have experienced difficulties in implementing this approach. In this article, we target the rapidly expanding audience of cell and molecular biologists interested in exploiting machine learning for analysis of their research. We discuss the advantages of employing machine learning with microscopy approaches and describe the machine‐learning pipeline. We also give practical guidelines for building models of cell behavior using machine learning. We conclude with an overview of the tools required for model creation, and share advice on their use. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Handoff strategies between wireless fidelity to light fidelity systems for improving video streaming in high‐speed vehicular networks
Authors: Valiveti Hima Bindu , Kumar Budati Anil 
Published: January 2020

SummaryRecent times witness heavy usage of high‐speed vehicles specially trains commuting long distances. Managing connectivity both indoor and outdoor for these vehicular networks is inevitable. Practically, the concept of wireless fidelity (WiFi) proves to be very fluctuating for the indoor users travelling in high‐speed vehicles as it operates under radio frequencies in the frequency spectrum, and handoff becomes mandatory as the user is mobile. With the introduction of light fidelity (LiFi), indoor connectivity between the mobile terminals is improved as the conversation is through light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photo detectors, which act as transmitters and receivers, respectively. Usage of LiFi in the high‐speed vehicular networks also nullifies the repercussions generated by using WiFi's highly radiated electro magnetic (EM) waves. The work proposes the use of LiFi in high‐speed rail networks for passengers streaming of videos. Travelers in train can access internet using LiFi, which uses ultra asymmetrically and symmetrically clipping optical (ASCO)–orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (UASCO‐OFDM) as its modulation technique. A proxy server is deployed to enhance video streaming. Furthermore, the travelers using internet need handoff in case of change in connectivity between access points (APs) of WiFi and LiFi for both outdoor and indoor, respectively. The work emphasizes on handoff based on the estimation of signal to interference ratio (SIR) followed by the combination of grey system. The performance analysis of the proposed system shows improvements in handoff probability, average delay, and spectral efficiency of modulation technique when compared to the existing literature.