bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Spine Surgery
Authors: Charalampidis Anastasios , Jiang Fan , Wilson Jamie R. F. , Badhiwala Jetan H. , Brodke Darrel S. , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: January 2020

Study Design: Narrative review. Objective: To summarize relevant studies regarding the utilization of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) techniques in spine surgery implemented in recent years. Methods: A literature search of the Medline database was performed. Relevant studies from all evidence levels have been included. Titles, abstracts, and reference lists of key articles were included. Results: Multimodal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (MIONM) has the advantage of compensating for the limitations of each individual technique and seems to be effective and accurate for detecting perioperative neurological injury during spine surgery. Conclusion: Although there are no prospective studies validating the efficacy of IONM, there is a growing body of evidence supporting its use during spinal surgery. However, the lack of validated protocols to manage intraoperative alerts highlights a critical knowledge gap. Future investigation should focus on developing treatment methodology, validating practice protocols, and synthesizing clinical guidelines.
Early Surgery for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Wilson Jefferson R. , Witiw Christopher D. , Badhiwala Jetan , Kwon Brian K. , Fehlings Michael G. , Harrop James S. 
Published: January 2020

Study Design: Narrative review. Objective: There is a strong biological rationale to perform early decompression after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). With an enlarging clinical evidence base, most spine surgeons internationally now favor early decompression for the majority of SCI patients; however, a number of pertinent questions remain surrounding this therapy. Methods: A narrative review evaluating the status of early surgery for SCI. In particular, we addressed the following questions: (1) Which patients stand to benefit most from early surgery? 2) What is the most appropriate time threshold defining early surgery? Results: Although heterogeneity exists, the evidence generally seems to support early surgery. While the best evidence exists for cervical SCI, there is insufficient data to support a differential effect for early surgery depending on neurological level or injury severity. When comparing thresholds to define early versus late surgery—including a later threshold (48-72 hours), an earlier threshold (24 hours), and an ultra-early threshold (8-12 hours)—the 2 earlier time points seem to be associated with the greatest potential for improved outcomes. However, existing prehospital and hospital logistics pose barriers to early surgery in a significant proportion of patients. An overview of recommendations from the recent AOSpine guidelines is provided. Conclusion: In spite of increasing acceptance of early surgery post SCI, further research is needed to (1) identify subgroups of patients who stand to derive particular benefit—in particular to develop more evidence-based approaches for central cord syndrome and (2) investigate the efficacy and feasibility of ultra-early surgery targeting more aggressive timelines.
Factors associated with postoperative acute kidney injury after hip fractures in elderly patients
Authors: Kang Joon Soon , Moon Kyoung Ho , Youn Yung Hun , Park Jun Sung , Ko Sang Hyun , Jeon Yoon Sang 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rare but serious complication after hip fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and the risk factors of postoperative AKI after hip fractures. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2016, 550 patients who underwent surgery of hip fractures at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. AKI was defined and classified by AKI Network (AKIN) Classification/Staging System. The incidence, mortality, and risk factors of postoperative AKI were investigated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the ability of markers in predicting AKI. Results: The incidence of postoperative AKI was 4.4% (25 cases). The mean onset of postoperative AKI was 8.0 ± 5.3 days and recovered after 7.0 ± 4.2 days after the occurrence of AKI. Of 25 patients with AKI, 6 patients (24.0%) died within 1 year after surgery. The independent risk factors for postoperative AKI are the estimated blood loss (EBL) (odds ratio (OR) 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–2.58; p < 0.01) and postoperative level of albumin (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.52–2.74; p < 0.01). The cutoff value of the serum albumin was <2.8 g/dL with a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 77.1%. The cutoff value of EBL was <766.5 mL with a sensitivity of 84.0% and a specificity of 66.3%. Conclusion: Postoperative AKI after hip fractures had low incidences (4.4%) but high mortality (24.0%). The postoperative AKI was correlated with blood loss and low postoperative albumin levels.
Results of primary THA using 36 mm femoral heads on first-generation highly cross-linked polyethylene in patients less than 60 years of age: Minimum 10-year follow-ups
Authors: Cho Myung-Rae , Jun Chung-Mu , Kim Kyung-Tae , Song Suk Kyun , Choi Won-Kee 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Long-term results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) using highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) and metal femoral head with more than 10 years of follow-up have already been reported. However, most studies included results with a head size of 28 mm that could affect wear rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of 36-mm metallic femoral heads on first-generation HXLPE in patients less than 60 years of age with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Methods: Retrospective analysis included 54 cases from 47 patients. The mean age at the time of surgery was 47.22 years and the mean follow-up period was 131.04 months. Porous-coated cementless acetabular cups (Trilolgy®; Zimmer Inc., Warsaw, Indiana, USA) and HXLPE acetabular liners (Longevity®; Zimmer Inc.) were used for all cases. Acetabular cup abduction angles, anteversion angles, and wear rates of liner were measured using polyWare pro 3D distal version 5.10. Results: The average modified Harris hip score at the final follow-up was 88.48 (range 80–96). Average Merle d’Aubigne and Postel score was 15.57 (range 14–18). There was no acetabular cup or femoral stem failing due to aseptic loosening. The average steady-state wear rate determined using radiographs taken at 1 year postoperatively and at the latest follow-up was 0.053 ± 0.025 mm/year. There were no statistically significant differences in liner wear rate with respect to age, variety of the femoral stem, or liner thickness. Conclusion: Results of THA with 36-mm metallic femoral heads on first-generation HXLPE in patients less than 60 years of age were satisfactory.
Genetic diversity of a widespread annual killifish from coastal Tanzania
Authors: Bartáková Veronika , Nagy Béla , Polačik Matej , Blažek Radim , Lamtane Hieromin , Reichard Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAfrican annual killifishes (Nothobranchiusspp.) are adapted to seasonally desiccating habitats (ephemeral pools), surviving dry periods as dormant eggs. Given their peculiar life history, geographic aspects of their diversity uniquely combine patterns typical for freshwater taxa (river basin structure and elevation gradient) and terrestrial animals (rivers acting as major dispersal barriers). However, our current knowledge on fine-scale inter-specific and intra-specific genetic diversity of African annual fish is limited to a single, particularly dry region of their distribution (subtropical Mozambique). Using a widespread annual killifish from coastal Tanzania and Kenya, we tested whether the same pattern of genetic divergence pertains to a wet equatorial region in the centre ofNothobranchiusdistribution.ResultsIn populations ofNothobranchius melanospilusspecies group across its range, we genotyped a part of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene (83 individuals from 22 populations) and 10 nuclear microsatellite markers (251 individuals from 16 populations). We found five lineages with a clear phylogeographic structure but frequent secondary contact. Mitochondrial lineages were largely congruent with main population genetic clusters identified on microsatellite markers. In the upper Wami basin, populations are isolated as a putativeNothobranchius prognathus, but include also a population from a periphery of the middle Ruvu basin. Other four lineages (including putativeNothobranchius kwalensis) coexisted in secondary contact zones, but possessed clear spatial pattern. Main river channels did not form apparent barriers to dispersal. The most widespread lineage had strong signal of recent population expansion.ConclusionsWe conclude that dispersal of aNothobranchiusspecies from a wet part of the genus distribution (tropical lowland) is not constrained by main river channels and closely related lineages frequently coexist in secondary contact zones. We also demonstrate contemporary connection between the Ruvu and Rufiji river basins. Our data do not provide genetic support for existence of recently described cryptic species fromN. melanospiluscomplex, but cannot resolve this issue.
Genetic diversity and population structure of black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) revealed using simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Chen Cun , Chu Yanguang , Ding Changjun , Su Xiaohua , Huang Qinjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundBlack cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is one of the keystone forest tree species, and has become the main breeding parents in poplar hybrid breeding. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of the introduced resources are not fully understood.ResultsIn the present study, five loci containing null alleles were excluded and 15 pairs of SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 384 individuals from six provenances (Missouri, Iowa, Washington, Louisiana, and Tennessee (USA), and Quebec in Canada) ofP. deltoides. Ultimately, 108 alleles (Na) were detected; the expected heterozygosity (He) per locus ranged from 0.070 to 0.905, and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.535. The provenance ‘Was’ had a relatively low genetic diversity, while ‘Que’, ‘Lou’, and ‘Ten’ provenances had high genetic diversity, with Shannon’s information index (I) above 1.0. The mean coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) were 0.129 and 1.931, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 84.88% of the genetic variation originated from individuals. Based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE cluster analysis, individuals distributed in the Mississippi River Basin were roughly classified as one group, while those distributed in the St. Lawrence River Basin and Columbia River Basin were classified as another group. The cluster analysis based on the population level showed that provenance ‘Iow’ had a small gene flow and high degree of genetic differentiation compared with the other provenances, and was classified into one group. There was a significant relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance.ConclusionsP. deltoidesresources have high genetic diversity and there is a moderate level of genetic differentiation among provenances. Geographical isolation and natural conditions may be the main factors causing genetic differences among individuals. Individuals reflecting population genetic information can be selected to build a core germplasm bank. Meanwhile, the results could provide theoretical support for the scientific management and efficient utilization ofP. deltoidesgenetic resources, and promote the development of molecular marker-assisted breeding of poplar.
Genetic regulatory networks for salt-alkali stress in Gossypium hirsutum with differing morphological characteristics
Authors: Xu Yanchao , Magwanga Richard Odongo , Yang Xiu , Jin Dingsha , Cai Xiaoyan , Hou Yuqing , Wei Yangyang , Zhou Zhongli , Wang Kunbo , Liu Fang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCotton grows in altering environments that are often unfavorable or stressful for its growth and development. Consequently, the plant must cope with abiotic stresses such as soil salinity, drought, and excessive temperatures. Alkali-salt stress response remains a cumbersome biological process and is regulated via a multifaceted transcriptional regulatory network in cotton.ResultsTo discover the molecular mechanisms of alkali-salt stress response in cotton, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was carried out after alkali-salt stress treatment in three accessions ofGossypium hirsutumwith contrasting phenotype. Expression level analysis proved that alkali-salt stress response presented significant stage-specific and tissue-specific. GO enrichment analysis typically suggested that signal transduction process involved in salt-alkali stress response at SS3 and SS12 stages in leaf; carbohydrate metabolic process and oxidation-reduction process involved in SS48 stages in leaf; the oxidation-reduction process involved at all three phases in the root. The Co-expression analysis suggested a potentialGhSOS3/GhCBL10-SOS2network was involved in salt-alkali stress response. Furthermore, Salt-alkali sensitivity was increased inGhSOS3andGhCBL10Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) plants.ConclusionThe findings may facilitate to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of alkali-salt stress response and provide an available resource to scrutinize the role of candidate genes and signaling pathway governing alkali-salt stress response.
Genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1161, a PAO1 derivative with the ICEPae1161 integrative and conjugative element
Authors: Kawalek Adam , Kotecka Karolina , Modrzejewska Magdalena , Gawor Jan , Jagura-Burdzy Grazyna , Bartosik Aneta Agnieszka 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosais a cause of nosocomial infections, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis and burn wounds. PAO1 strain and its derivatives are widely used to study the biology of this bacterium, however recent studies demonstrated differences in the genomes and phenotypes of derivatives from different laboratories.ResultsHere we report the genome sequence ofP. aeruginosaPAO1161 laboratory strain, aleu-, RifR, restriction-modification defective PAO1 derivative, described as the host of IncP-8 plasmid FP2, conferring the resistance to mercury. Comparison of PAO1161 genome with PAO1-UW sequence revealed lack of an inversion of a large genome segment between rRNA operons and 100 nucleotide polymorphisms, short insertions and deletions. These included a change inleuA, resulting in E108K substitution, which caused leucine auxotrophy and a mutation inrpoB, likely responsible for the rifampicin resistance. Nonsense mutations were detected in PA2735 and PA1939 encoding a DNA methyltransferase and a putative OLD family endonuclease, respectively. Analysis of revertants in these two genes showed that PA2735 is a component of a restriction-modification system, independent of PA1939. Moreover, a 12 kb RPG42 prophage and a novel 108 kb PAPI-1 like integrative conjugative element (ICE) encompassing a mercury resistance operon were identified. The ICEPae1161 was transferred toPseudomonas putidacells, where it integrated in the genome and conferred the mercury resistance.ConclusionsThe high-qualityP. aeruginosaPAO1161 genome sequence provides a reference for further research including e.g. investigation of horizontal gene transfer or comparative genomics.The strain was found to carry ICEPae1161, a functional PAPI-1 family integrative conjugative element, containing loci conferring mercury resistance, in the past attributed to the FP2 plasmid of IncP-8 incompatibility group. This indicates that the only known member of IncP-8 is in fact an ICE.
Topology and expressed repertoire of the Felis catus T cell receptor loci
Authors: Radtanakatikanon Araya , Keller Stefan M. , Darzentas Nikos , Moore Peter F. , Folch Géraldine , Nguefack Ngoune Viviane , Lefranc Marie-Paule , Vernau William 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe domestic cat (Felis catus) is an important companion animal and is used as a large animal model for human disease. However, the comprehensive study of adaptive immunity in this species is hampered by the lack of data on lymphocyte antigen receptor genes and usage. The objectives of this study were to annotate the feline T cell receptor (TR) loci and to characterize the expressed repertoire in lymphoid organs of normal cats using high-throughput sequencing.ResultsTheFelis catusTRG locus contains 30 genes: 12 TRGV, 12 TRGJ and 6 TRGC, the TRB locus contains 48 genes: 33 TRBV, 2 TRBD, 11 TRBJ, 2 TRBC, the TRD locus contains 19 genes: 11 TRDV, 2 TRDD, 5 TRDJ, 1 TRDC, and the TRA locus contains 127 genes: 62 TRAV, 64 TRAJ, 1 TRAC. Functional feline V genes form monophyletic clades with their orthologs, and clustering of multimember subgroups frequently occurs in V genes located at the 5′ end of TR loci. Recombination signal (RS) sequences of the heptamer and nonamer of functional V and J genes are highly conserved. Analysis of the TRG expressed repertoire showed preferential intra-cassette over inter-cassette rearrangements and dominant usage of the TRGV2–1 and TRGJ1–2 genes. The usage of TRBV genes showed minor bias but TRBJ genes of the second J-C-cluster were more commonly rearranged than TRBJ genes of the first cluster. The TRA/TRD V genes almost exclusively rearranged to J genes within their locus. The TRAV/TRAJ gene usage was relatively balanced while the TRD repertoire was dominated by TRDJ3.ConclusionsThis is the first description of all TR loci in the cat. The genomic organization of feline TR loci was similar to that of previously described jawed vertebrates (gnathostomata) and is compatible with the birth-and-death model of evolution. The large-scale characterization of feline TR genes provides comprehensive baseline data on immune repertoires in healthy cats and will facilitate the development of improved reagents for the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases in cats. In addition, these data might benefit studies using cats as a large animal model for human disease.
Preliminary investigation demonstrating the GHITM gene probably involved in apoptosis and growth of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata)
Authors: Yu Wenchao , Zhang Baolu , Song Hongce , Zhan Rui , Li Lingling , He Cheng , Jiang Qiuyun , Wang Xiaona , Wei Lei , Zhao Nannan , Guo Wen , Wang Xiaotong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundGrowth hormone inducible transmembrane protein (GHITM) is a highly conserved transmembrane protein. This study was conducted to investigate the role of GHITM gene in the apoptosis and growth of the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculate.ResultsThe complete cDNA of this gene was cloned using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. The full-length cDNA was 2242 bp, including an open reading frame of 1021 bp that encoded a protein of 342 amino acid residues. The mRNA expression profiles of GHITM gene in different tissues (liver, kidney, gonad and foot) and different growth phases (6-months old and 2-years old) showed that it was expressed in various tissues and different growth phases. Silencing of the GHITM gene by RNAi (RNA interference) experiments revealed that the GHITM gene possibly plays a role in inhibiting apoptosis through detecting the Caspase (Cysteine-requiring Aspartate Protease)-3 activity. In addition, the aperture width and body whorl length of the snail was significantly affected by RNAi, suggesting that this gene plays a significant role in promoting the growth of the organism.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that the GHITM gene was involved in apoptosis and growth in golden apple snail.
In vitro synergy between sodium deoxycholate and furazolidone against enterobacteria
Authors: Le Vuong Van Hung , Olivera Catrina , Spagnuolo Julian , Davies Ieuan G. , Rakonjac Jasna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial combinations have been proven as a promising approach in the confrontation with multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens. In the present study, we identify and characterize a synergistic interaction of broad-spectrum nitroreductase-activated prodrugs 5-nitrofurans, with a secondary bile salt, sodium deoxycholate (DOC) in growth inhibition and killing of enterobacteria.

Results
Using checkerboard assay, we show that combination of nitrofuran furazolidone (FZ) and DOC generates a profound synergistic effect on growth inhibition in several enterobacterial species including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Citrobacter gillenii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) for DOC-FZ synergy ranges from 0.125 to 0.35 that remains unchanged in an ampicillin-resistant E. coli strain containing a β-lactamase-producing plasmid. Findings from the time-kill assay further highlight the synergy with respect to bacterial killing in E. coli and Salmonella.
We further characterize the mechanism of synergy in E. coli K12, showing that disruption of the tolC or acrA genes that encode components of multidrug efflux pumps causes, respectively, a complete or partial loss, of the DOC-FZ synergy. This finding indicates the key role of TolC-associated efflux pumps in the DOC-FZ synergy. Overexpression of nitric oxide-detoxifying enzyme Hmp results in a three-fold increase in FICI for DOC-FZ interaction, suggesting a role of nitric oxide in the synergy. We further demonstrate that DOC-FZ synergy is largely independent of NfsA and NfsB, the two major activation enzymes of the nitrofuran prodrugs.

Conclusions
This study is to our knowledge the first report of nitrofuran-deoxycholate synergy against Gram-negative bacteria, offering potential applications in antimicrobial therapeutics. The mechanism of DOC-FZ synergy involves FZ-mediated inhibition of TolC-associated efflux pumps that normally remove DOC from bacterial cells. One possible route contributing to that effect is via FZ-mediated nitric oxide production.