bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and refinement of patient care recommendations in brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer using nominal group technique workshops
Authors: Humphrey Pauline , Dures Emma , Hoskin Peter , Johnston Jenny , Reardon Louise , Cramp Fiona 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Patient experiences of brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) are widely variable, with reports of difficult and traumatic experiences and aspects of care requiring improvement. The aim of this study was to develop patient care recommendations and consult with key stakeholders to review, refine and prioritise recommendations.

Methods
Phase 1: Patient care recommendations were developed from qualitative exploratory study data. Phase 2: Service users and providers with recent experience of brachytherapy for LACC were recruited to online nominal group technique (NGT) workshops. Four NGT stages were followed: (1) initial voting and silent generation; (2) round robin; (3) clarification; and (4) prioritisation. Voting data were summed across the workshops, deriving inter-group scores. Qualitative data were analysed through content analysis.

Results
Phase 1: Fifty-one patient care recommendations were developed. Phase 2: Thirteen participants took part in three online NGT workshops, with a combination of service users and providers. Initial recommendations were voted on; four new recommendations were added; minor changes were made and second voting was undertaken. Recommendations were positively received with 25 recommendations scoring maximum points from all participants. An importance score above 90% was given to 46 recommendations. The remaining recommendations received scores between 74 and 90%.

Conclusions
NGT workshops facilitated collaboration between key stakeholders, discussing, refining and prioritising patient care recommendations, leading to verification of achievable and relevant recommendations. These provide a foundation for future development of guidelines and subsequent implementation into clinical practice, aiming to improve consistency of care and patient experiences of brachytherapy for LACC.
Prospective clinical study of enamel wear caused by monolithic zirconia resin-bonded inlay-retained and wing-retained fixed partial dentures over 5 years
Authors: Bömicke Wolfgang , Haas Julius , Awounvo Sinclair , Rammelsberg Peter , Rues Stefan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To prospectively evaluate the wear of posterior zirconia resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) with polished occlusal surfaces and their natural enamel antagonists compared to contralateral controls in an enamel-enamel contact over 5 years.

Materials and methods
In six patients with either an inlay- or wing-retained RBFPD made of monolithic 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP), wear was evaluated indirectly using baseline and annual polyvinyl siloxane impressions. Resulting gypsum models were digitized and aligned by unchanged surface areas. Wear was analyzed by depth and area. For each parameter, descriptive statistics were used to express the degree of wear observed at yearly intervals for each group. A linear mixed regression analysis was performed to compare the enamel opposing 3Y-TZP group and the enamel-enamel controls at tooth level. All statistical tests were conducted at the 5% significance level.

Results
After 5 years, the mean enamel wear depth of teeth opposing 3Y-TZP was 77 μm, compared to 54 μm for control teeth. No wear was observed on the 3Y-TZP RBFPDs. Maximum enamel wear depth and wear area were 229 μm and 9 mm², respectively, for teeth opposing 3Y-TZP, and 135 μm and 5 mm² for control teeth. Significant differences in mean enamel wear depth emerged after 2 years of observation.

Conclusions
Polished 3Y-TZP caused more enamel wear than natural antagonists over 5 years, but the wear remained within the range reported for other commonly used indirect restorative materials.

Clinical relevance
The clinical use of polished 3Y-TZP restorations appears to be justified in terms of natural antagonist wear behavior.
The Use of Weakly Basic Ion Exchange Resin Amberlite IRA-68 for the Chromatographic Separation of Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Samczyński Zbigniew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The possibility of applying the system: weakly basic Amberlite IRA-68 resin-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) solutions for the separation of rare earth elements (REE) by ion exchange chromatography was investigated. Preliminary research results revealed that the affinity of REE towards the ion exchanger is closely correlated with the stability of their negative complexes that they form with NTA. Three separate groups of lanthanides could be distinguished, i.e. light (La, Ce, Pr, Nd), medium (Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) and heavy (Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc). Moreover, it seemed that within the first and third groups it was possible to individually separate elements from each other. Based on the experimentally obtained relationships, the theoretically assumed course of the ion exchange reaction of anionic REE complexes with NTA on the Amberlite IRA-68 resin was confirmed. The influence of the ion exchanger particle size, column size and composition of the mobile phase, i.e. pH, NTA and neutral salt (NaNO3) concentration, on the chromatographic separation of REE was investigated. It has been shown that the proper selection of these parameters makes it possible not only to divide REE into the three groups mentioned above, but also to individually separate some elements, i.e. La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tm, Yb, Lu and Sc.
A Counselor Education’s Community Clinics’ Shift to Telehealth During COVID-19: a Programmatic Perspective
Authors: Mendoza Sarah , Fakhro Dania , Zeligman Melissa , Super John 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 caused a sudden shift for counselors-in-training and supervisors to transition from in-person counselling to telehealth counseling and supervision. Counselors-in-training and supervisors at large were forced to complete a rapid transition to telehealth. This article provides a detailed account of the transition made at a large Southeastern University to telehealth and takes a broader look at practical implications and recommendations that other university and/or college and community-based clinics can use for adding telehealth to their clinic. In addition, practices for the effective use of technology in professional counselors’ preparedness for in person and telehealth counseling and supervision are outlined.
Understanding the values that inform regenerative ranching in the Northern U.S. Great Plains
Authors: Pape Timothy , Meredith Gwendŵr , Sandahl David , Kabir Md Faizul , Banerjee Simanti , Allen Craig , Dennis Elliot , Stephenson Mitchell 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe effects of environmental degradation and climate change are propelling a discourse shift towards regenerative agriculture, yet understanding motivations for implementing regenerative practices on private agricultural lands is still a challenge. We study that challenge within the realm of regenerative ranching, a subcategory of regenerative agriculture. By examining the frequency of values articulated by respondents, a valuation typology stemming from 24 semi-structured interviews with ranchers in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota is revealed. Instrumental valuations dominated in the studied region in connection to regenerative ranching practices, although some respondents articulated relational and intrinsic valuations tied to their practices. While this study focuses on regenerative ranching, we posit that a better understanding of the interplay between diverse valuations as they relate to private land management practices is vital to promoting more resilient and thoughtful ecosystem governance.
Low densities and little change in water clarity characterize zebra mussel invasions near the southern extent of their range
Authors: Cianci-Gaskill Jacob A. , Thorpe Anthony P. , Jones John R. , North Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Invasive species are often assumed to have measurable impacts throughout their potential range, but this is not always true. This study evaluated whether zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were causing an increase in water clarity near the southern edge of their North American expansion using a 40+ year dataset. We looked for abrupt shifts and long-term trends in water clarity and compared these to the estimated zebra mussel invasion date for 7 reservoirs in Missouri, USA. We also looked at water clarity in 26 non-invaded reservoirs to evaluate whether zebra mussel impacts were being masked by variation in environmental factors. Collectively, our analyses provide a weight of evidence based on a lack of consistent shifts in water clarity corresponding with zebra mussel invasions. Mussel establishment did not increase water clarity, likely because densities were too low to result in a measurable impact. The highest zebra mussel density we observed was 65 mussels m−2, an order of magnitude less than in systems where they have had a sustained impact. Low densities could be due to a combination of sublethal environmental conditions such as warm water temperatures, suspended inorganic particulates, fluctuating water levels, and reduced oxygen concentrations, as well as limited hard substrata or predation by fish. While additional study is required to understand which, if any, of these factors may be limiting zebra mussel establishment in Missouri, our study shows that dreissenids are not having an impact as elsewhere throughout their range, suggesting that how an invader alters ecosystem functions is critical to determining its impact.
Making the world a better place? English higher education and global public good
Authors: Marginson Simon , Yang Lili , Brotherhood Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
UK higher education is highly internationalised. Two-thirds of science papers with UK authors involve international collaboration, one-quarter of higher education students are international, and their fees constitute more than a fifth of institutional income. What then are the contributions of higher education and research to the global public good? The study investigates this in relation to England within UK, drawing on interviews with 37 people who construct relational global space and carry out cross-border activities. Interviewees included leaders and faculty in three universities, policy makers/regulators, national higher education organisations, and academic experts on higher education. The findings are interpreted in terms of theorisations of global spatiality and global public good. The interviewees believed that English higher education made the world a better place, but this was clearer in research than in high-fee international education, where the imperative of revenue raising took priority with no provision for equity. Potentials for the shared global public good were limited by the often methodologically nationalist and Anglo-centric terms in which cross-border relations were understood. Many saw national good and global good as synonymous, suggesting they had not moved far from the Imperial mindset. Some referred to multiple perspectives on global public good, or mission tensions in international education, but none conceived the global public good separately from national interest.
Marginally outer trapped tubes in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Mars Marc , Rossdeutscher Carl , Simon Walter , Steinbauer Roland 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe prove two results which are relevant for constructing marginally outer trapped tubes (MOTTs) in de Sitter spacetime. The first one (Theorem 1) holds more generally, namely for spacetimes satisfying the null convergence condition and containing a timelike conformal Killing vector with a “temporal function”. We show that all marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTSs) in such a spacetime are unstable. This prevents application of standard results on the propagation of stable MOTSs to MOTTs. On the other hand, it was shown recently, Charlton et al. (minimal surfaces and alternating multiple zetas, arXiv:2407.07130), that for every sufficiently high genus, there exists a smooth, complete family of CMC surfaces embedded in the round 3-sphere $$\mathbb {S}^3$$

S

3

. This family connects a Lawson minimal surface with a doubly covered geodesic 2-sphere. We show (Theorem 2) by a simple scaling argument that this result translates to an existence proof for complete MOTTs with CMC sections in de Sitter spacetime. Moreover, the area of these sections increases strictly monotonically. We compare this result with an area law obtained before for holographic screens.
Laplace-based strategies for Bayesian optimal experimental design with nuisance uncertainty
Authors: Bartuska Arved , Espath Luis , Tempone Raúl 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Finding the optimal design of experiments in the Bayesian setting typically requires estimation and optimization of the expected information gain functional. This functional consists of one outer and one inner integral, separated by the logarithm function applied to the inner integral. When the mathematical model of the experiment contains uncertainty about the parameters of interest and nuisance uncertainty, (i.e., uncertainty about parameters that affect the model but are not themselves of interest to the experimenter), two inner integrals must be estimated. Thus, the already considerable computational effort required to determine good approximations of the expected information gain is increased further. The Laplace approximation has been applied successfully in the context of experimental design in various ways, and we propose two novel estimators featuring the Laplace approximation to alleviate the computational burden of both inner integrals considerably. The first estimator applies Laplace’s method followed by a Laplace approximation, introducing a bias. The second estimator uses two Laplace approximations as importance sampling measures for Monte Carlo approximations of the inner integrals. Both estimators use Monte Carlo approximation for the remaining outer integral estimation. We provide four numerical examples demonstrating the applicability and effectiveness of our proposed estimators.
Zusammenarbeit mit Familien in der Kita-Sozialarbeit
Authors: Lochner Barbara , Gaßmann Annegret 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Kita-Sozialarbeit hat sich in den letzten Jahren in unterschiedlicher Weise an verschiedenen Standorten in Deutschland etabliert. Ein verbindendes Element der differenten Konzeptionen ist der Fokus der Kita-Sozialarbeit auf Bedarfe, die Eltern und Familien artikulieren bzw. die seitens der Fachkräfte in Kindertageseinrichtungen mit Blick auf Eltern und Familien wahrgenommen werden. Im Beitrag wird auf Basis einer gemeinsamen Interviewstudie mit Kita-Sozialarbeiter_innen und Leitungskräften der Frage nachgegangen, wie die Familienorientierung in der Kita-Sozialarbeit konturiert ist.
Optimizing depthwise separable convolution on DCU
Authors: Liu Zheng , Hao Meng , Zhang Weizhe , Lu Gangzhao , Tian Xueyang , Yang Siyu , Xie Mingdong , Dai Jie , Yuan Chenyu , Wang Desheng , Yang Hongwei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is significantly advancing the development of large models. However, the computational cost of large models is high, necessitating optimization for greater efficiency. One effective way to optimize the CNN is the use of depthwise separable convolution (DSC), which decouples spatial and channel convolutions to reduce the number of parameters and enhance efficiency. In this study, we focus on porting and optimizing DSC kernel functions from the GPU to the Deep Computing Unit (DCU), a computing accelerator developed in China. For depthwise convolution, we implement a row data reuse algorithm to minimize redundant data loading and memory access overhead. For pointwise convolution, we extend our dynamic tiling strategy to improve hardware utilization by balancing resource allocation among blocks and threads, and we enhance arithmetic intensity through a channel distribution algorithm. We implement depthwise and pointwise convolution kernel functions and integrate them into PyTorch as extension modules. Experiments demonstrate that our optimized kernel functions outperform the MIOpen library on the DCU, achieving up to a 3.59

$$\times$$

×

speedup in depthwise convolution and up to a 3.54

$$\times$$

×

speedup in pointwise convolution. These results highlight the effectiveness of our approach in leveraging the DCU’s architecture to accelerate deep learning operations.
Hyper-Raman spectroscopy of non-proteinogenic amino acids
Authors: Liu Tsung-Han , Okuno Masanari 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report 532-nm and 1064-nm excited hyper-Raman (HR) spectra of representative non-proteinogenic amino acids, including α-, β-, and γ-amino acids. Different from the common 20 proteinogenic amino acids, natural non-proteinogenic amino acids cannot be incorporated into proteins during translation, while they are indispensable as intermediates in many processes like biosynthesis and neurotransmitters. In 532-nm excited HR spectra, the COO─ symmetric stretching bands are commonly intense, and the NH3
+ bands are clearly observable. In addition, based on the reported IR and Raman study, we found that some HR bands are IR-active but Raman-inactive. In contrast, HR signals with the 1064-nm excitation are much weaker than the 532-nm excitation. Nevertheless, we observed the COO─ scissoring band unexpectedly, much stronger than other bands with the 1064-nm excitation. Our results suggest that the electronic resonance effect plays a role in enabling us to detect HR signals in the UV region readily. We expect that this study provides a supplementary reference for HR spectroscopy of natural amino acids.

Graphical Abstract
QuantiVA: quantitative verification of autonomous driving
Authors: Li Renjue , Qin Tianhang , Yang Pengfei , Huang Cheng-Chao , Sun Youcheng , Zhang Lijun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a practical verification method for safety analysis of the autonomous driving system (ADS). The main idea is to build a surrogate model that quantitatively depicts the behavior of an ADS in the specified traffic scenario. The safety properties proved in the resulting surrogate model apply to the original ADS with a probabilistic guarantee. Given the complexity of a traffic scenario in autonomous driving, our approach further partitions the parameter space of a traffic scenario for the ADS into safe sub-spaces with varying levels of guarantees and unsafe sub-spaces with confirmed counter-examples. Innovatively, the partitioning is based on a branching algorithm that features explainable AI methods. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach by evaluating safety properties on the state-of-the-art ADS Interfuser, with a variety of simulated traffic scenarios, and we show that our approach and existing ADS testing work complement each other. We certify five safe scenarios from the verification results and find out three sneaky behavior discrepancies in Interfuser which can hardly be detected by safety testing approaches.
Flame acceleration and detonation transition in premixed and inhomogeneous supersonic flows
Authors: Zhao Wandong , Deiterding Ralf , Cai Xiaodong , Liang Jianhan , Yang Xiong , Sun Mingbo 
Published: December 2024

The reactive Navier–Stokes equations with adaptive mesh refinement and a detailed chemical reactive mechanism (11 species, 27 steps) were adopted to investigate a detonation engine considering the injection and supersonic mixing processes. Flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in a premixed/inhomogeneous supersonic hydrogen–air mixture with and without transverse jet obstacles were addressed. Results demonstrate the difficulty in undergoing DDT in the premixed/inhomogeneous supersonic mixture within a smooth chamber. By contrast, multiple transverse jets injected into the chamber aid detonation transition by introducing perturbed vortices, shock waves and a suitable blockage ratio. Increasing distance between the leading shock and the flame tip impedes detonation transition due to an insufficient blockage ratio. The extremely perturbed distributions of fuel-lean and fuel-rich mixtures lead to more complicated flame structures. Also, a larger flame thickness appears in the inhomogeneous mixture compared with the premixed mixture, resulting in a lower combustion temperature. The key findings are that the DDT, detonation quenching and reinitiation are generated in the inhomogeneous supersonic mixture, but both DDT mechanisms are ascribed to a strong Mach stem with the Zel'dovich gradient mechanism. Additionally, the obtained results demonstrate that an intensely fuel-lean mixture (equivalence ratio = 0.15) results in a partially decoupled flame front. However, detonation reinitiation and subsequent self-sustained detonation occur when a fierce shock wave propagates through a highly sensitive mixture, even within a smaller and elongated area. Moreover, the inhomogeneous mixture also augments the propagation speed and detonation cell structure instabilities and delays the sonic point resulting from the extending non-equilibrium reaction.
DISCRETE SETS DEFINABLE IN STRONG EXPANSIONS OF ORDERED ABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: DOLICH ALFRED , GOODRICK JOHN 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the structure of infinite discrete sets D definable in expansions of ordered Abelian groups whose theories are strong and definably complete, with a particular emphasis on the set

$D'$

comprised of differences between successive elements. In particular, if the burden of the structure is at most n, then the result of applying the operation

$D \mapsto D'\ n$

times must be a finite set (Theorem 1.1). In the case when the structure is densely ordered and has burden

$2$

, we show that any definable unary discrete set must be definable in some elementary extension of the structure

$\langle \mathbb{R}; <, +, \mathbb{Z} \rangle $

(Theorem 1.3).
SCOTT SENTENCE COMPLEXITIES OF LINEAR ORDERINGS
Authors: GONZALEZ DAVID , ROSSEGGER DINO 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study possible Scott sentence complexities of linear orderings using two approaches. First, we investigate the effect of the Friedman–Stanley embedding on Scott sentence complexity and show that it only preserves

$\Pi ^{\mathrm {in}}_{\alpha }$

complexities. We then take a more direct approach and exhibit linear orderings of all Scott sentence complexities except

$\Sigma ^{\mathrm {in}}_{3}$

and

$\Sigma ^{\mathrm {in}}_{\lambda +1}$

for

$\lambda $

a limit ordinal. We show that the former cannot be the Scott sentence complexity of a linear ordering. In the process we develop new techniques which appear to be helpful to calculate the Scott sentence complexities of structures.