bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Background Ionizing Radiation Level of Selected Oil Spill Communities of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Audu M. U. , Avwiri G. O. , Ononugbo C. P. 
Published: November 2019

Study of the terrestrial Background Ionizing Radiation levels of selected Oil Spill Communities of Delta State, Nigeria have been carried out using Digilert 200 and Radalert 100 nuclear radiation monitor and a geographical positioning system (Garmin GPSMAP 76S). The exposure rates of the five communities ranges from 0.016 to 0.030 at Jones Creek, 0.014 to 0.034 at Opuwade Community, 0.015 to 0.037 at Okpare community, 0.007 to 0.029 at OtuJeremi community and 0.011to 0.040 at Otor-Edo community. The obtained mean exposures rates were higher than ICRP standard limit of 0.013. The absorbed dose rates calculated ranged from 139.2 to 261 (Jones Creek), 121.8 to 259.8 nGyh-1 (Opuwade Community), 130.5 to 321.9 nGyh-1 (Okpare community), 60.9 to 252.3 nGyh-1 (OtuJeremi community) and 95.9 to 348 nGyh-1 (Otor-Edo community). The estimated annual effective dose equivalent varies from 0.21 to 0.40 , 0.19 to 0.45 , 0.20 to 0.49 , 0.09 to 0.39 and 0.15 to 0.53 for Jones Creek, Opuwade Community, Okpare community, Otu Jeremi community and Otor-Edo community respectively while the excess lifetime cancer risk calculated for Jones Creek varies from (0.75 to 1.40) x 10-3, Opuwade community (0.65 to 1.59 )×, Okpare community (0.70 to 1.73 ) x , OtuJeremi community (0.33 to 1.35)× and Otor-Edo community (0.51 to 1.87)×. All the mean values of absorbed dose, annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk exceeded their recommended safe values. The results obtained in this work may not constitute any immediate health risk to the residents of the selected oil spill communities but long term exposure in the area may lead to detrimental health risks.
Malaria Parasite Infection in Some Periurban and Rural Communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Olorunniyi O. F. , Idowu O. A. , Idowu A. B. , Pitan O. R. , Babalola A. S. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Malaria is one of the leading parasitic diseases worldwide with Nigeria ranked the topmost country in the tropical Africa where the disease is prevalent. This study was designed with the aim to determine the prevalence of malaria parasite (MP) infection in some periurban and rural communities of Ekiti State being one of the 36 states of Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Three periurban and rural communities were randomly selected in Ekiti State for the study. Blood samples were collected and examined microscopically for the presence of MP in dry and raining seasons among human volunteers in each community. Prevalence of MP infection was determined.
Results: Overall prevalence of MP infection was 26% in dry season and 38% in raining season (P = .001). In dry season, prevalence of MP infection was 22.3% in periurban communities and 31.3% in rural communities (P = .001). During the raining season the prevalence was 39.8% in periurban and 35.9% in rural communities (P = .12), with Plasmodium falciparum being the dominant species. Children of 0-5 years had the highest prevalence of infection (61.1%) during raining season while teenagers between 16-20 years had the highest prevalence of infection (31.5%) in the dry season. Generally, there was an increase in malaria parasite density during raining season.
Conclusion: This study confirmed the existence of MP infection in Ekiti State. The distribution of MP infection in both periurban and rural communities was affected by season with higher prevalence occurring during the raining season.
KAP Study of Tobacco Users among the Garment Workers at Dhaka City in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Khan Md. Aynul , Islam Khan Masuda , Jahan Israt , Alam Sarker Mohammad Jahangir , Islam S. M. Shahidul , Ar Rashid Harun , Muraduzzaman S. M. , Ahmed Md. Ranzu 
Published: November 2019

The readymade garment (RMG) industry is a key sector of Bangladesh economy. This sector brings in about 78% of the country’s total merchandize export earnings. More than 3.2 million people are working in this sector and mostly females from underprivileged social classes. Employment in this Ready-made garment sector in Bangladesh provides workers with economic benefits and some empowerment.
A descriptive cross-sectional study followed by a qualitative approach was utilized. Through proportionate quota sampling, 560 garments workers were recruited from 6 (one large, two medium, and three small) garment factories in Mirpur area of Dhaka city.
Almost all of the garments workers knew that both smoking and smokeless tobacco (98.4%) is harmful for health. Knowledge on specific health hazards of smoking (96.96%) tobacco was relatively higher than those of smokeless (90%) tobacco. Electronic media (Radio/TV/Cinema) was the most common source of their knowledge (92.9%). In case of smoking tobacco, cancer (63.6%) was the mostly reported disease caused by smoking tobacco, followed by lung cancer (15.7%) and heart attack (11.3%). On the other hand, for smokeless tobacco, cancer (29.8%), followed by oral cancer (26.6%) and lung cancer (15.0%) was mostly reported diseases by the garments workers. Garment workers’ knowledge on tobacco control policy was found to be very low. Only 35.0% knew about the policy. Although few garments workers know about the rules for prohibition of tobacco product in public place (25.7%) and public transport (11.3%), other specific rules under tobacco control policy were not known to majority of them.
The present study provides a scientific base regarding current tobacco using practice among garments workers in Dhaka city and their knowledge and attitude towards tobacco. Finding revealed from qualitative analysis of data suggested that now-a-days smoking is considered as a trend; people have to smoke for showing smartness or to maintain social status. Peer influence also plays an important role for initiating and maintaining smoking status. Socio-cultural influence for smokeless tobacco consumption was not well documented by this study which indicated a need for more focused qualitative study.
Optimum Manpower Allocation in Health Care Using Statistical Process Control
Authors: E. Odinikuku William , A. Ikimi Jephtah , P. Onwuamaeze Ikechukwu 
Published: November 2019

In many countries manpower problems in the field of health care are regular items on the agenda of policy makers. To avoid mismatches between demand of care and supply of care on national and regional levels, manpower planning models and methods are used to determine adequate numbers of medical specialists to fulfill the future demand of care. Inadequate or inefficient allocation of manpower to various departments in an organization or workplace can lead to undesired outcomes which may include: down time, reduced productivity, workers fatigue, increased production costs, etc. As a result of the above stated problem, there is need to devise a statistical model that will ensure optimal allocation of manpower.
In this study, the optimum allocation of two hundred and fifty two general nurses to fifteen wards at a hospital code named WCH located in South-South geopolitical zone, Nigeria was achieved using statistical process control. The study involved the analysis of data obtained from our hub of study for a period of two months. The C-chart was used to check if the process of allocation was in control or not.
The result obtained from the study showed that the manpower allocation process was out of statistical control as the allocation of the children emergency ward was outside the upper control limit of the c-chart plot.
Pharmacy Students’ Knowledge and Perceptions about Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J , Abujheisha Khalil Y , Balaha Mohamed F. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the serious threats to global public health. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be implemented by all hospitals to improve antimicrobial use. It is important that pharmacy students have a sound knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine pharmacy students’ knowledge and perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship.
Methodology: The study included a questionnaire that was used to assess the background knowledge of pharmacy students and their perceptions on antimicrobial stewardship.
Results and Discussion: Out of 103 students who completed the survey, 25 students (24.27%) reported that they know what antimicrobial Stewardship is, and only 39 students were familiar with antimicrobial stewardship programs in Saudi Arabia. Most of the students (95.14%) reported that they need more antimicrobial stewardship training.
Conclusion: Our results, therefore, recommend that pharmacy students should have more training on bacterial resistance, antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship.
Parent's Attitude, Knowledge and Belief of Child's Fever Managements in Al-Qassim - Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almogbel Yasser , Al-Qussair Jouza H. , M. Alamri Abdulrahman , Alhowail Ahmad , Mobark Mugahid A. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Parent’s misconception of fever, result in increased anxiety and antipyretics are commonly used in this situation. So any lack of parent’s knowledge regarding strategies of using them raises the possibility of drug-related problems.
Objective: This study evaluated the parents’ knowledge, attitude and beliefs in dealing with the children’s fever.
Methods: An ethically approved cross-sectional study was conducted in Qassim region -Saudi Arabia.
Results: A total of 490 parents were participated in this study, 83.7% of them were mothers. Half of parents use the armpit site for measuring temperature. The majority of parents considered the temperature ≤37°C as normal and more than half of them considered ≥38°C as fever temperature. Convulsion was believed to be a complication of fever in 71% of parents and there was a significant association between the number of children and the practice of giving antipyretics. A wrong practice of assessing fever was using hand touch, and this study revealed that this behavioral was presented in a nearly third of parents. Acetaminophen was the commonly used antipyretics beside ice packs as a common non pharmacological therapy. The study also showed the majority of parents didn’t know the importance of weight in considering antipyretic.
Conclusion: Over all, parents participated in this study have inadequate knowledge about fever, its assessment and decision of giving a medication. However, past experiences and the number of sibling highly influence their practice and knowledge. Therefore, there is a need of effort to maximize parents’ information and awareness about fever.
Retracted: Occurrence of Multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria Species Associated with Urinary Tract Infection in Two Geopolitical Zones of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Waire Titilayo Modupe , Adejumo Timothy Olubisi , Olajubu Festus Abiose 
Published: November 2019

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection known to affect different parts of the urinary tract of both male and female. Escherichia coli has been found to be responsible for causing 80% to 90% of the infection. An investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence of bacteria, especially E. coli implicated in UTI, and to ascertain their antibiotics susceptibility pattern. Early morning mid-stream urine samples were collected from 250 patients aged 18 to 60 years, between March and July of 2016 from 5 major Hospitals in the study location. The isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods and susceptibility tests were carried out using ten antibiotics. Results showed that 65(30.7%) of the isolates were E. coli. Followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45(21.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 42(19.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 32(15.1%) and Proteus mirabilis 28(13.2%). The percentages of resistance of E. coli isolates to antimicrobial agents were chloramphenicol (64.9%), sparfloxacin (59.5%), ciprofloxacin (73.0%), septrin (73.0%), amoxacillin (91.9%), augmentin (83.8%), gentamycin (48.7%), perfloxacin (40.5%), ofloxacin (40.5%) and streptomycin (54.1%). The need for constant antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance by health managements system that will help clinicians to provide safe and effective therapy is advocated.
Retraction Notice: This paper has been retracted from the journal. This journal is determined to promote integrity in research publication. This retraction is in spirit of the same. After formal procedures editor(s) and publisher have retracted this paper on 10th July 2019. Related policy is available here: http://goo.gl/lI77Nn
Subjective View of Political Officers on Social Action: Phenomenology Study of Aksi Bela Islam (ABI) 212 (Action of Defending Islam) among Members of House of Representative of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI)
Authors: Yusuf Almuzzammil , Hammad Ibnu , Subhan Arif 
Published: November 2019

It was on 2 December 2016 that the enormous number of Islamic mass was on a gigantic demonstration, known as Aksi Bela Islam (ABI) 212 (Action of Defending Islam), in Jakarta which further was subject to the controversy by many parties including politicians. This research aims at finding out how ABI 212 is viewed by the 2014-2019 House of Representative of The Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI).
The research employed the interpretation framework of George Herbert Mead which put the view on ABI 212 as a Phenomenon interpretation. In line with the Mead theory which believes that view is in a subjective territory, the research employed perception phenomenology method with a subjective paradigm through the qualitative data analysis technique from Miles and Huberman.
It was found that each of the representatives has their view on ABI 212. It was subjective and relative from one to another based on their intellectual and social background. The variety of the views can be united into those who are pro-ABI 212 because of the religious partisanship which has been formed long before the ABI 212. In regard with the "multi-generalized other", The organization’s view tends to be independent because of some aspects of the party's attitudes such as the market orientation shifting and the strong Islamic idealism legacy from their previous Islamic organizations.
Boko Haram Insurgency and the Underdevelopment of Girl- Child in Northeastern Nigeria: Implication for National Development
Authors: Abur Cyprian Clement , Iyoho Ngozi Edith 
Published: November 2019

In recent times, millions of girl-child in Northeastern schools in Nigeria are caught up in conflicts that resulted from Boko Haram to insecurity which affected their school attendance. This paper examines the effect of Boko Haram Insurgency on girl- child attendance in secondary schools in Northeastern Nigeria. The study purposively selects three states in north eastern Nigeria. The study employed primary and secondary data; 360 respondents were randomly selected. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was used to analyzed the data collected. The OLS regression model result shows that the R2 is as high as 0.680, this suggests that Boko Haram has influence on the girlchild attendance in secondary schools in the Northeastern Nigeria, therefore, the null hypothesis that Boko Haram insurgency has no significant effect on Girlchild attendance in Secondary Schools in Nigeria is rejected. This implies that Boko Haram insurgency has significant effects on Girl- child attendance in Secondary Schools in Nigeria. The study recommended that professional public private partnership (4 P’s) should provide all necessary support to teachers and students, who have been affected by violence in Northeast of Nigeria, this should include rehabilitation and resettlement for those who have been forced to flee to return for academic pursuit.
Five-year cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity, and longitudinal change in body mass index in Japanese workers: The Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study
Authors: Hasegawa Miyuki , Akter Shamima , Hu Huanhuan , Kashino Ikuko , Kuwahara Keisuke , Okazaki Hiroko , Sasaki Naoko , Ogasawara Takayuki , Eguchi Masafumi , Kochi Takeshi , Miyamoto Toshiaki , Nakagawa Tohru , Honda Toru , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Murakami Taizo , Shimizu Makiko , Uehara Akihiko , Yamamoto Makoto , Imai Teppei , Nishihara Akiko , Tomita Kentaro , Nagahama Satsue , Hori Ai , Konishi Maki , Kabe Isamu , Mizoue Tetsuya , Kunugita Naoki , Dohi Seitaro ,   Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study Group, Mizoue T , Akter S , Hu H , Inoue Y , Fukunaga A , Kashino I , Islam Z , Konishi M , Nanri A , Kurotani K , Kuwahara K , Nakagawa T , Yamamoto S , Honda T , Watanabe Y , Dohi S , Okazaki H , Imai T , Nishihara A , Sasaki N , Ogasawara T , Uehara A , Yamamoto M , Miyamoto T , Hasegawa M , Shirozu M , Kabe I , Kochi T , Eguchi M , Murakami T , Shimizu C , Shimizu M , Gonmori N , Ogasawara A , Kato N , Tomizawa A , Tomita K , Nagahama S , Kunugita N , Sone T , Fukasawa K , Hori A , Nishiura C , Kinugawa C , Kuroda R , Yamamoto K , Ohtsu M , Sakamoto N , Osaki Y , Totsuzaki T , Endo M , Itoh T , Kawashima M , Masuda M , Kitahara K , Yokoya T , Fukai K , Odagami K , Kobayashi Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
The present study aimed to estimate cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity and describe 5-year longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI) in a large occupational cohort in Japan.

Methods
Participants were 55 229 Japanese employees, who were aged 20-59 years and attended at all subsequent annual health check-ups between 2009 and 2014. Mixed model analysis was performed to examine the effects of age and cohort by gender on BMI change, with age as a random variable. Cumulative incidence of overweight (23.0≤ BMI &lt;27.5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2) was calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios for the incidence of overweight and obesity according to age group.

Results
The incidence of overweight and obesity was approximately double in men (28.3% and 6.7%, respectively) compared to women (14.3% and 3.9%, respectively). The incidence of obesity decreased with age in men, but did not differ according to age in women (P for trend: .02 and .89, respectively). Among overweight participants, the incidence of obesity was higher in women (18.9%) than men (14.5%) and decreased with advancing age (P for trend: &lt;.001 in men and .003 in women). Mean BMI was higher in men than women in all age groups throughout the period. Younger cohorts tended to have a higher BMI change compared with older cohorts.

Conclusions
In this Japanese occupational cohort, transition from overweight to obesity is higher in women than men, and the more recent cohorts had a higher change in mean BMI than the older cohorts.
Mechanical Interaction between Cells Facilitates Molecular Transport
Authors: Gomez David , Natan Sari , Shokef Yair , Lesman Ayelet 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn vivo, eukaryotic cells are embedded in a matrix environment, where they grow and develop. Generally, this extracellular matrix (ECM) is an anisotropic fibrous structure, through which macromolecules and biochemical signaling molecules at the nanometer scale diffuse. The ECM is continuously remodeled by cells, via mechanical interactions, which lead to a potential link between biomechanical and biochemical cell–cell interactions. Here, it is studied how cell‐induced forces applied on the ECM impact the biochemical transport of molecules between distant cells. It is experimentally observed that cells remodel the ECM by increasing fiber alignment and density of the matrix between them over time. Using random walk simulations on a 3D lattice, elongated fixed obstacles are implemented that mimic the fibrous ECM structure. Both diffusion of a tracer molecule and the mean first‐passage time a molecule secreted from one cell takes to reach another cell are measured. The model predicts that cell‐induced remodeling can lead to a dramatic speedup in the transport of molecules between cells. Fiber alignment and densification cause reduction of the transport dimensionality from a 3D to a much more rapid 1D process. Thus, a novel mechanism of mechano‐biochemical feedback in the regulation of long‐range cell–cell communication is suggested.
MoS2/MoTe2 Heterostructure Tunnel FETs Using Gated Schottky Contacts
Authors: Balaji Yashwanth , Smets Quentin , Śzabo Áron , Mascaro Marco , Lin Dennis , Asselberghs Inge , Radu Iuliana , Luisier Mathieu , Groeseneken Guido 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenide based van der Waals materials are promising candidates to realize tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs) with a steep subthreshold swing (SS) for low‐power applications. Their atomically flat, self‐passivated layers offer potentially defect free interlayer tunneling. There are still several issues that need to be addressed to experimentally achieve a steep SS, e.g., the Schottky contacts, impact of thick layers, and device architecture with respect to gate configuration. This paper resolves these challenges by experimentally demonstrating MoS2/MoTe2 TFETs and their electrical characteristics, in conjunction with ab initio simulations and surface Kelvin probe microscopy. The Schottky barrier's effect at the contact regions are isolated by fabricating individual buried gates below the contacts. Devices with different top and bottom gate configurations are produced to understand the impact of gate placement on the heterostructure characteristics. Quantum transport simulations are performed on MoS2/MoTe2 multilayer stack to evaluate the impact of multiple layers on TFET performance, effect of gate placement, and the mechanism behind indirect tunneling over the heterojunction region. This work highlights the influence of the Schottky contacts, multiple layers and the role of different gate configurations on the band‐to‐band tunneling phenomenon in 2D heterojunction TFETs.
Thermal Conductivity Reduction in a Nanophononic Metamaterial versus a Nanophononic Crystal: A Review and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Hussein Mahmoud I. , Tsai Chia‐Nien , Honarvar Hossein 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe notion of a locally resonant metamaterial—widely applied to light and sound—has recently been introduced to heat, whereby the thermal conductivity is reduced primarily by intrinsic localized atomic vibrations rather than scattering mechanisms. This article reviews and analyzes this new emerging concept, termed nanophononic metamaterial (NPM), and contrasts it with the competing concept of a nanophononic crystal (NPC) in which thermal conductivity reduction is realized primarily via nanoscale Bragg scattering. Both the NPM and NPC core mechanisms require the presence of a sufficient level of wave behavior, which is possible when there is a relatively wide distribution of the phonon mean free path (MFP). Silicon serves as a perfect material to form NPMs and NPCs given its relatively large average phonon MFP. This offers a unique opportunity considering silicon's abundance and mature fabrication technology. It is shown in this comparative study that while both the NPM and NPC nanosystems may be rendered to serve as extreme insulators of heat, an NPM may do so without excessive reduction in the minimum feature size–which is key to keeping the electrical properties intact. This trait makes a silicon‐based NPM poised to serve as a low‐cost thermoelectric material with exceptional performance.