bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlating CT findings of stroke with hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Shaker Ameer 
Published: December 2020

Background: Studies show that diabetic patients have a higher incidence of ischemic stroke than non-diabetic patients. In the Framingham study the incidence of thrombotic stroke was 25 times higher in diabetic men and 36 times higher in diabetic women than in those without diabetes
Objectives: aim of this study to analyze topography in diabetic patients.
Type of study: Cross sectional study.
Methods: 48 patients with acute stroke were classified into 4 groups: euglycemic, stress hyperglycemia, newly diagnosed diabetics, and known diabetics.
Results:no significant differences were found in the type, site or size of stoke between the 4 groups, higher levels of blood sugars and hemoglobin HbA1cwere significantly higher with chronic white matter ischemia in stroke patients.
Conclusions: hyperglycemia, diabetics and chronic glycemic disturbance may play role in the pathophysiology of white matter ischemia.
Congenital Club Foot Treated By Of Ponseti Method : A Short-Term Results
Authors: Al- Edanni Mohammed Shihab Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Background: Congenital club foot is a complex deformity of foot .It is a collection of different abnormalities, with different etiologies. Consequently, Severity varies with difficulties in evaluating treatment strategies with outcome results. The treatment of congenital club foot remains controversial. Usually, the orthopedist's goal is to obtain anatomically and functionally normal feet in all patients. Objective: To asses short term follow up result of conservatively treated club feet in relation to the age of initial casting by Ponseti technique.
Methods :A cross sectional observational study with some comparative content done in Al-kindy teaching hospital .A total of 36 patients (44 clubfeet) were treated by Ponseti method during the period of October 2014 to April 2017and were studied prospectively (mean follow up period 6 months, minimum follow-up period of 3 months) . Twenty six patients were male, thus male to female ratio is 2.6 : 1. It involved only patients less than two months. The patients were divided in to two groups: Group (A) included patients less than 4 weeks, while Group (B) between 4-8 weeks of age at the initiation of the treatment. gender, bilateralism, severity of the initial clubfoot deformity measured by Pirani Severity Score System, total numbers of Ponseti casts before the tenotomy, details of tenotomy, compliance with brace were examined. Passive range of movements and look of club foot are evaluated with mean six months follow-up.
Results: We followed the functional Pirani Severity Scoring System and got good to excellent results in 32 patients 88.9 % (37 clubfeet – 84.1%) at mean 6 months of follow up. Ten patients 27.8 % (12 clubfeet – 27.3%) had relapse at varying age; out of which 6 patients 60% (8clubfeet 66.7%) were corrected by Ponseti casting method, while 4 patients 40% (4 clubfeet 33.3%) were resistant to Ponseti method. Poor compliance with the Denis Browne splint and poor cast technique was thought to be the main cause of failure in these patients.
Conclusion: Good understanding the main pathology of club foot, and the ideal method of conservative treatment for correction of the deformities systematically before starting the treatment. In all types of club foot, we start conservative treatment, either as a definite treatment or to make surgical treatment easier for the surgeon and the patient. So Starting the treatment from the first day of life give excellent results and it will be decreased with delay.
Immunohistochemical Targeting of p110β Isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase co-associated with Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 in a Group of Tissues from Iraqi Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Al-Qurtas Mohammed A.M. 
Published: December 2020

Background: While two-thirds of breast cancers express hormone receptors for either estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) , genetically altered PI3K pathway was found in more than 70% of ER-positive breast cancers.An aberrant activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in a wide variety of human cancers has selectively constituted an attractive pharmacological targets in MYC-dependent human breast cancer cells.
Aim of the study: Role of p110-beta as well as and CDK 1 in the pathogenesis of subset of breast cancers and contribution in their carcinogenesis.
Type of the study: is a retrospective study
Methods: This retrospective research enrolled 70 paraffin embedded breast tissue blocks which were retrieved from archives of the period 2011 till 2017 at major hospitals and private histopathological laboratories as well as Forensic Medicine Institute in Baghdad. They comprised 30 breast cancers, 25 benign breast tumors and 15 apparently normal breast autopsies. Two 4 mm - thick sections were specified on positively charged slides for monoclonal primary p110 as well as and CDK 2 antibodies using immune-enzymatic antigen detection system for immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques.
Results: Seventeen out of 30 (56.7%) of the total breast cancer cases in this study showed positive immunohistochemistry reaction(IHC) for detection of P110- beta gene expression in these tissues. In the benign group, 6 out of 25 cases (24%) revealed positive IHC signals. None of control group presented positive signals. The differences begroup tween the percentages of P110-beta in breast cancers and each of control group and benign breast tumors group are statistically very highly significant (P value = < 0.0001). The expression of CDK1 was detected in 53.3% (16 out of 30) of breast cancers tissues and in 44% (11 out of 25) benign breast tumors, whereas none of control group of tissues showed CDK1- expression.
Conclusions: The present data indicate that p110-beta as well as and CDK 1 could have a role in the pathogenesis of subset of breast cancers and contribution in their carcinogenesis.
Predictors of poor first trimester outcome in asymptomatic women : the value of embryonic heart rate , mid sac diameter / yolk sac ratio & mid sac diameter / crown rump length
Authors: Abdulkadhim Suaad 
Published: December 2020

Background: Ultrasound provides a powerful tool for assessing early pregnancy and detecting pregnancy failure at first trimester and promoting rapid effective management. Several criteria have been established to predict the pregnancy outcome particularly in symptomatic women .
Aim: To evaluate asymptomatic women at the first trimester of pregnancy , to assess the efficacy of certain ratios as mid sac diameter (MSD) / yolk sac ratio & crown rump length (CRL)/mid sac diameter (as indicator of early first trimester oligohydramnios) in predicting poor 1st trimester outcome
Type of the study: A cross-sectional study.
Patients & Methods: A sixty three asymptomatic women were enrolled in this prospective study . Transvaginal sonography was performed for confirmation of pregnancy viability & exclusion of multiple pregnancies 6-8 weeks of gestation & follow up ultrasound repeated at the beginning of second trimester to confirm the continuation of pregnancy and viability of fetus. Several parameters assessed and tested against each others as embryonic heart rate , the size and morphologic criteria of gestational sac , yolk sac and the crown rump length
Results: The women were classified into two groups: group A are those with successful outcome at the first trimester and group B are those with poor outcome of the 1st trimester . Decrease embryonic heart rate below 100 beat per minute and low mid sac diameter/ yolk sac size ratio of < 1.9 , were found to be significant predictors of poor outcome however mid sac diameter/crown rump length ratio was not found to have a similar significance
Conclusion: In addition to the classical parameters assessed by trans-vaginal ultrasound, other important parameters need to be routinely applied as the embryonic heart rate that predict poor outcome when less than 100 bpm . In addition to the ratio of mid sac diameter to the yolk sac diameter which , if less than 1.9 , may point to abnormal first trimester fate.
The Immediate And Intermediate Results Of Percutaneous Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty In Patients With Congenital Valvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Alwahab Hussein A. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Aortic valve stenosis results from minor to severe degrees of aortic valve maldevelopment. This stenosis causes mild to severe obstruction of the left ventricular outflow .
Objectives : to study the immediate and intermediate results of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in patients with congenital valvular aortic stenosis .
Type of the study: A prospective study.
Methods: The study was done on thirty five patients with congenital valvular aortic stenosis who had percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in Ibn Al- Bitar Center for Cardiac Surgery from May 2009 to February 2011.
Results: Twenty seven patients were male (77.2%) and 8 patients were female (22.8%), male to female ratio 3.5/ 1, . The aortic valve was bicuspid in 18 patients (51.4%) while 17 patients ( 48.6%) had tricuspid aortic valve. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty was successful in 30 patients (85.7%),. Maximum peak instantaneous Doppler pressure gradient across the aortic valve 24 hours postprocedural echocardiography showed reduction which is statistically significant. New aortic regurgitation had occurred in 15 patients ( 42.8%), it was mild in 9 patients ( 25.6%), moderate in 5 patients ( 14.3%) and severe in 1 patient( 2.9%) which is statistically significant. The follow up of 12.57 ± 3.88 ( 3- 22) months after intervention was done for all patients using echocardiography Doppler study, reveal the maximum peak instantaneous Doppler pressure gradient across the aortic valve was raised which is statistically significant. The aortic regurgitation was present in 18 patients (51.4%) , it was mild in 9 patients (25.7%) , moderate in 6 patients (17.1%) and severe in 3 patients ( 8.6%). No mortality had been reported during the procedure or on follow up.
Conclusion: Aortic balloon valvuloplasty is safe and effective procedure in the treatment of congenital valvular aortic stenosis but mild aortic regurgitation is the most common immediate complication of aortic balloon dilatation and progressive aortic regurgitation is a major problem during the intermediate follow up.
HLA-DRB1*03 And DRB1*15 Frequency In Helicobacter Pylori Superficial Gastritis
Authors: Salih Wafaa Hazim 
Published: December 2020

Background: Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal bacteria related to the development of superficial atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) may play an important roles in host immune responses to H pylori antigens.
Aim of the study: to investigate the association between HLA-DRB1 genotypes and superficial gastritis with H. pylori infection in an Iraqi patients.
Patients and methods: Sixty patients with superficial gastritis and 100 individuals with apparently normal results after endoscopic examination were recruited from Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital - Gastrocolonoscope Unit between January 2014 and July 2016. All study patients and controls group underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations. They were analyzed for CagA antibodies Immunoglobulin G (IgG) for H. pylori and HLA Class II genotyping (HLA-DRB1).
Results: Patients with superficial gastritis with H pylori. The infection showed significant expression (P=0.0001) DRB1*03:01 genotypes and DRB1*15:01 (P= 0.004) as compared to control group.
Conclusions: Genetic factor may play a role in gastritis. HLA-DRB1*03 and HLA-DRB1*15 may increased the susceptibility to superficial gastritis in H pylori infected patients.
Electrosurgery
Authors: Hasan Riyadh Mohamad 
Published: December 2020

Electrosurgery is the application of a high radio frequency of alternating polarity, electrical current to biological tissue as a means among many functions like cut, coagulate, desiccate, or fulgurate tissue in surgical practice . Many surgeons have faced during their lifetime one or more of the complications of these devices . It is either electrical, laser, ultrasonic and mechanical.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury With Versus Without Nerve Identification In Different Thyroidectomy Procedures
Authors: Jawad Saad Ramadhan 
Published: December 2020

Background: The world health organization estimates that worldwide 2 billion people still have iodine deficiency Objectives: Is to make comparison between the effect of identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and non-identification of the nerve on incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLNI) in different thyroidectomy procedures.
Type of the study: cross –sectional study.
Methods: 132 patients with goiters underwent thyroidectomy .Identification of RLN visually by exposure were done for agroup of them and non-identification of the nerves for the other group. The outcomes of RLNI in the two groupsanalyzed statistically for the effect of Identification of RLN on decreasing the incidence of the nerveinjury .The benefits of identification of RLN evaluated in each procedure ofthyroidectomy which were total thyroidectomy (TT), near totalthyroidectomy (NTT), and subtotal thyroidectomy (STT).Patients were followed up monthly for 6 months by indirect laryngoscopy for mobility of the vocal cords.
Results: 132 patients underwent thyroidectomy,258 RLNswere at risk, 124 nerves were identified and134 nerves were not identified,1 RLN was injured in identified group, and 8 RLN were injured in non-identified group. The pvalue was (0.0393) which was significant. TT were performed for 56 patients (42.4%) and total hemi thyroidectomy(THT) for 6patients(4.5%), there were 118 RLNs at risk, 64RLNs were identified and 54 RLNs were not identified.1RLN was injured in identified group, and 7RLNs were injured in non-identifiedgroup, the pvalue was(0.023)which was significant.NTT procedure were performed for 38 patients(28.8%) , 76 RLNs were at risk. 30 RLNswere identified and none of themwas injured, 46 RLNswere not identified, 1 RLN was injured the p value was(1)which was not significant.STT were performed for 32patients(24.4%),64 RLNs were at risk. 30 RLNs were identified and 34 RLNs not identified,there was no nerve injury in both groups .
Conclusions: identification of RLN decrease incidence of RLNI in TT, while there was no significant increase of RLNI in NTT and STT when the nerve was not identified
Ventricular Myocardial Sheet
Authors: Ali Mostafa R. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite the fact that the exact architecture and orientation of ventricular myocardium are critical to cardiac functions either in health or disease, it is still debated.
Objectives: Anatomical demonstration of the ventricle myocardium (VM)as a single, long and continuous muscular sheet and this muscular sheet can be dived into 3-segments. As a new anatomical concept the left ventricle is a triple layers wall; whether the right ventricle is a single layer wall.Histological demonstration of different directions of muscle-fibers at each layer of ventricular myocardium.
Type of the study: Cross- sectional study.
Methods: In this study 100-heart (fish, chicken, goat, sheep and cow) were dissected and analyzed. Dental lacrona and wax knife used majorly in the dissection, boiling of the hearts with distilled water and finally opening them by the “opening-technique”.
Results: Ventricular myocardium is a single, long and continuous muscular sheet in 100-samples of different species which had been included in the study (passing from the fish toward the cow). VMS can be divided into 3-segments in (100% of cow, 95% of goat and 85% of sheep). The left ventricle is a triple layers wall; whether the right ventricle is single layer wall, this result observed in (100% of cow, 95% of goat and 85% of sheep).Finally different directions of muscle fibers observed at each layer of ventricular myocardium where the subendocardial layer shows transverse running pattern of muscle fibers, mesocardial layer shows longitudinal running pattern of muscle fibers and subepicardial layer shows mixed running patterns of muscle fibers.
Conclusion: Ventricular myocardium is single, long and continuous muscular sheet. This sheet consists of 3-segments. These segments coils in spiral track and form the triple layers left ventricular wall and the single layer right ventricular wall. By histological examination of ventricular myocardial layers different directions of muscle fibers observed at each layer.
Risedronate as a therapeutic trial post-hysterectomy in premenopausal women to prevent osteoporosis
Authors: Hameed Ban Hadi 
Published: December 2020

Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal defect manifested by a reduction of bone strength as a result of reduced bone mass to the extent that there is a higher risk of fracture even on minor trauma. Hysterectomy in a premenopausal woman is a well known cause of ovarian failure resulting in an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Objective : To clarify bisphosphonate's preventive effect on osteopenia and osteoporosis in premenopausal women after hysterectomy.
Type of the study: Cross –sectional study.
Method: 84 premenopausal females post hysterectomy aged between 40 – 50 years, were enrolled in this randomized controlled double blinded trail at Al Yarmouk teaching hospital and private clinic in Baghdad for a period of two years from Augest 2011 till July 2013. Participants were assigned as: 1stgroup (study group 42 women): received risedronate treatment "over a period of one year" with calcium and vitamin D; and 2ndgroup (control group 42 women) were taken as a matched group for:"age, body mass index (BMI) and fracture history", received only calcium and vitamin D as a placebo. Bone density had been assayed at the end of the year for all participants and evaluated for osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Results: Osteopenia and osteoporosis were significantly lower in the risedronate arm as compared to those not received the drug "14.3% & 11.9% versus 26.1% & 19% respectively".
Conclusion: The bone mineral density results were significantly better in those who received risedronate than those not received the drug.
Role of Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Characterization of Posterior Fossa Tumors
Authors: Hussain Lubna Ali 
Published: December 2020

Background: Conventional MR imaging is essential for diagnosis and evaluation of the posterior fossa tumors Objectives: To assess the value of diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient in making distinction between different histological types of posterior fossa tumors.
Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: Brain MRI and DWI assessed 19 patients (12 female and 7 male) with MRI diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors. absolute ADC values of contrast -enhancing solid tumor region and ADC ratio of solid tumor to ADC of normal -appearing deep White matter were compared with histological diagnosis postoperatively .The mean ADC value and ratio were determined by using a 2-tailed T test. Results: In eight of medulloblastoma ,The mean ADC value was 0.67±0.14x 10-3 mm 2/s and ratio 0.86±0.19 , ependymoma (n=3), ADC value 1.09 ±0.14 x10 -3 mm 2 /s and ratio 1,43±0.13 , pilocytic astrocytoma (n=4) ADC value 1,72 ±0.27x10 -3 mm2/s and ratio 2.19±0.4, brainstem glioma (n=2) with ADC value1.18±0.06 x10-3mm2/s and ratio 1.64±0.08 , haemangioblastoma (n=1) with ADC value1.46x10-1mm2/s and ratio 1.87 , and meningioma with ADC value 0.72x10-3mm2/s and ratio 0.85. ADC values were higher in JPA than in ependymomas and medulloblastoma (P value <o,o5).ADC ratio were also statistically significant difference among these three tumors type .
Conclusion: calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient value in the solid enhancing portion of tumor seems to be reliable for differentiate between medulloblastoma at one end and , juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) and ependymoma at other end as the former has ADC of < 1 while other tumors have ADC value of >1.
Awareness of breast cancer among university female students in Baghdad
Authors: Ahmed Abrar A R 
Published: December 2020

Background: Breast cancer still a major cause of disability and mortality among women throughout the world. Lack of awareness and early detection programs in developing countries is a main reason for escalating the mortality.
Objectives: to assess level of awareness about breast cancer among university female students in Baghdad focusing on knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, warning symptoms and signs and knowledge about the screening method specially breast self-examination.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted over two months from first of march through April 2015 and included (240) female students in non- medical colleges at Al-Rusafa and Al-Karkh districts who completed a comprehensive self-structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics and (27) questions covering the knowledge of risk factors; warning symptoms and signs of breast cancer and the breast self- examination. Participants’ responses were analyzed statistically and percent score of knowledge level was calculated.
Results: The mean age of students was (22.8 ± 3.4) years with range (19-30) years, single (75.8%), and those with no family history of breast cancer (85.42%); the internet was the most common source of students’ information (34.7%).
Conclusion: The overall percent score of all students’ knowledge about risk factors, warning symptoms and signs and breast self-examination was poor (<60%).
The role of prophylactic antibiotics in nasal packing for epistaxis
Authors: Ali Mohamed ibrahim , Raheem Chassan hassan 
Published: December 2020

Background: This study is to evaluate the necessity of prescribing prophylactic antibiotics for nasal packing in spontaneous epistaxis. There are few published papers of infective complications in such patients.
Methods: This prospective study analysed 149 consecutive patients admitted to AL-Kindy teaching hospital with spontaneous, epistaxis, who underwent nasal packing over 2 years period . in the first year, 78 patients received prophylactic antibiotics , In the second year 71 patients were not given prophylatic antibiotics. Exclusion criteria included antibiotics prescribed for unrelated pathology and post-operative epistaxis. Signs and symptoms of acute otitis media, sinusitis and toxic shock syndrome were assessed using clinical examination and a questionnaire.
Results: :Fourteen out of 149 patients experienced otalgia, mostly following posterior nasal packing. No patient in both groups had evidence of any infective complication.
Conclusion: we do not recommend the use of prophylactic antibiotics for patients undergoing nasal packing for spontaineous epistaxis.