bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundance and biogeography of methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms across European streams
Authors: Nagler Magdalena , Praeg Nadine , Niedrist Georg H. , Attermeyer Katrin , Catalán Núria , Pilotto Francesca , Gutmann Roberts Catherine , Bors Christoph , Fenoglio Stefano , Colls Miriam , Cauvy‐Fraunié Sophie , Doyle Brian , Romero Ferran , Machalett Björn , Fuss Thomas , Bednařík Adam , Klaus Marcus , Gilbert Peter , Lamonica Dominique , Nydahl Anna C. , Romero González‐Quijano Clara , Thuile Bistarelli Lukas , Kenderov Lyubomir , Piano Elena , Mor Jordi‐René , Evtimova Vesela , deEyto Elvira , Freixa Anna , Rulík Martin , Pegg Josephine , Herrero Ortega Sonia , Steinle Lea , Bodmer Pascal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimAlthough running waters are getting recognized as important methane sources, large‐scale geographical patterns of microorganisms controlling the net methane balance of streams are still unknown. Here we aim at describing community compositions of methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms at large spatial scales and at linking their abundances to potential sediment methane production (PMP) and oxidation rates (PMO).LocationThe study spans across 16 European streams from northern Spain to northern Sweden and from western Ireland to western Bulgaria.TaxonMethanogenic archaea and methane‐oxidizing microorganisms.MethodsTo provide a geographical overview of both groups in a single approach, microbial communities and abundances were investigated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, extracting relevant OTUs based on literature; both groups were quantified via quantitative PCR targeting mcrA and pmoA genes and studied in relation to environmental parameters, sediment PMP and PMO, and land use.ResultsDiversity of methanogenic archaea was higher in warmer streams and of methanotrophic communities in southern sampling sites and in larger streams. Anthropogenically altered, warm and oxygen‐poor streams were dominated by the highly efficient methanogenic familiesMethanospirillaceae,MethanosarcinaceaeandMethanobacteriaceae, but did not harbour any specific methanotrophic organisms. Contrastingly, sediment communities in colder, oxygen‐rich waters with little anthropogenic impact were characterized by methanogenicMethanosaetaceae,MethanocellaceaeandMethanoflorentaceaeand methanotrophicMethylococcaceaeandCd. Methanoperedens. Representatives of the methanotrophicCrenotrichaceaeandMethylococcaceaeas well as the methanogenicMethanoregulaceaewere characteristic for environments with larger catchment area and higher discharge. PMP increased with increasing abundance of methanogenic archaea, while PMO rates did not show correlations with abundances of methane‐oxidizing bacteria.Main conclusionsMethanogenic and methanotrophic communities grouping into three habitat types suggest that future climate‐ and land use changes may influence the prevailing microbes involved in the large‐scale stream‐related methane cycle, favouring the growth of highly efficient hydrogenotrophic methane producers. Based on these results, we expect global change effect on PMP rates to especially impact rivers adjacent to anthropogenically disturbed land uses.
Association between aspirin use and cardiovascular outcomes in ALLHAT participants with and without chronic kidney disease: A post hoc analysis
Authors: Desai Niraj , Wilson Brigid , Bond Michael , Conant Alexander , Rahman Mahboob 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is unclear whether aspirin is beneficial for prevention of CVD in patients with CKD. We performed a secondary analysis of the ALLHAT trial to assess the effect of baseline aspirin use on nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), all‐cause mortality, and stroke. Baseline characteristics of aspirin users and nonusers were used to generate propensity‐matched cohorts. Using conditional Cox proportional hazard regression models, we examined the effect of aspirin on the outcomes in the cohort at large and across 3 levels of kidney function (eGFR ≥90, 60–89, and <60). 11 250 ALLHAT participants reported using aspirin at baseline. The propensity‐matched dataset included 6894 nonusers matched with replacement to achieve a balanced analysis population (n = 22 500). Risk of fatal CHD or nonfatal MI (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.86–1.02) and stroke (HR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.89–1.15) was not significantly different between groups. Aspirin users were at significantly lower risk of all‐cause mortality compared to nonusers (HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.76–0.88). Aspirin use was not associated with incidence of fatal CAD or nonfatal MI in patients with CVD (HR = 0.93, CI 0.84–1.04) or without CVD at baseline (HR = 1.04, CI 0.82–1.32). Results were consistent across strata of GFR (interaction p value NS). In hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk, aspirin use is not associated with risk of nonfatal MI, fatal CHD, or stroke; however, aspirin use is associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality. These results are consistent across baseline eGFR.
Late complications after root coverage with two types of subepithelial connective tissue grafts, clinical and histopathological evaluation: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Cardoso Matheus Völz , Lara Vanessa Soares , Sant’Ana Adriana Campos Passanezi , Damante Carla Andreotti , Ragghianti Zangrando Mariana Schutzer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThis prospective cohort study evaluated late complications (LC) on recipient sites comparing two types of connective tissue grafts (CTG).Materials and MethodsParticipants (n: 60) were treated with coronally advanced flap (CAF) plus CTG harvested by de‐epithelialized technique (DE) (n:31) or two‐parallel incision (PI) (n:29). Areas were evaluated to identify white discharge associated or not with gingival cul‐de‐sac. Patients were ordered in groups with (DE+and PI+) or without (DE‐ and PI‐) LC. Biopsies for histopathological analysis in LC areas were proposed.ResultsSix cases exhibited LC, 5 in DE graft (DE+) and 1 in PI graft (PI+) group; 2 were diagnosed at 3 months postoperatively, 3 at 6 months and one at 12 months. The relative risk for LC was 1.7 times greater for DE graft (p: 0.01; CI: 1.10 to 2.72; RR>1). Differences were not observed for clinical outcomes after both types of CTGs (p > 0.05). Biopsies showed deep invagination of the epithelial lining suggesting cyst‐like area/ cavity with keratin content and consolidated in fibrous connective tissue. After 24 months biopsied areas presented no recurrence of LC, in non‐biopsied patients the clinical condition remained unchanged.ConclusionsConsidering the limitations of this study, LC on recipient sites demonstrated no statistical difference between two types of CTG.
All‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in underweight patients with diabetic nephropathy: BioBank Japan cohort
Authors: Yokomichi Hiroshi , Mochizuki Mie , Hirata Makoto , Nagai Akiko , Kojima Reiji , Horiuchi Sayaka , Ooka Tadao , Akiyama Yuka , Shinohara Ryoji , Miyake Kunio ,   BioBank Japan Project, Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aimed to determine mortality risk in underweight patients with diabetic nephropathy for microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. We analyzed mortality and death‐cause data from BioBank Japan, with baseline years 2003–2007. We analyzed mortality rates from all causes and ischemic heart disease, according to body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–21.9, 22–24.9 and ≥25 kg/m2). The mean (standard deviation) of patient age, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin at enrollment was 61.6 years (11.7 years), 25.0 kg/m2 (4.4 kg/m2) and 7.7% (1.5%), respectively. Hazard ratios of all‐cause and ischemic heart disease mortality were highest (1.79 [P = 0.0001] and 2.95 [P = 0.027], respectively) in patients with body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, as compared with body mass index 22–24.9 kg/m2. All‐cause mortality risk for body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 was similar to that for current smokers (hazard ratio 1.70, P < 0.0001). Underweight could be a predictor of mortality risk in patients with diabetic nephropathy for microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria.
Simultaneous detection of multiple bacterial and viral aquatic pathogens using a fluorogenic loop‐mediated isothermal amplification‐based dual‐sample microfluidic chip
Authors: Zhou Qian‐Jin , Lu Jian‐Fei , Su Xiu‐Rong , Jin Jing‐Lei , Li Shang‐Yang , Zhou Yan , Wang Lei , Shao Xin‐Bin , Wang Yao‐Hua , Yan Mao‐Cang , Li Ming‐Yun , Chen Jiong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRapid and user‐friendly diagnostic tests are necessary for early diagnosis and immediate detection of diseases, particularly for on‐site screening of pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture. In this study, we developed a dual‐sample microfluidic chip integrated with a real‐time fluorogenic loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay (dual‐sample on‐chip LAMP) to simultaneously detect 10 pathogenic microorganisms, that is Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, and white spot syndrome virus. This on‐chip LAMP provided a nearly automated protocol that can analyse two samples simultaneously, and the tests achieved limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 100 to 10–1 pg/μl for genomic DNA of tested bacteria and 10–4 to 10–5 pg/μl for recombinant plasmid DNA of tested viruses, with run times averaging less than 30 min. The coefficient of variation for the time‐to‐positive value was less than 10%, reflecting a robust reproducibility. The clinical sensitivity and specificity were 93.52% and 85.53%, respectively, compared to conventional microbiological or clinical methods. The on‐chip LAMP assay provides an effective dual‐sample and multiple pathogen analysis, and thus would be applicable to on‐site detection and routine monitoring of multiple pathogens in aquaculture.
Blue light protection, part II—Ingredients and performance testing methods
Authors: Coats Jahnna G. , Maktabi Briana , Abou‐Dahech Mariam S. , Baki Gabriella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are numerous cosmetic ingredients that have been identified to have blue light protection benefits. The urge to learn more about blue light protection claims has led to several substantiation test methods that can be utilized by companies to prove product efficacy.AimsPart II of this article provides up‐to‐date information on cosmetic ingredients that can provide protection from blue light, and methods companies can use to substantiate blue light protection claims.MethodsAn Internet search was completed using the Google Scholar database and a cosmetic ingredient supplier database (UL Prospector) for ingredients and relevant literature.ResultsMultiple ingredient categories, for example, algae‐derived ingredients, UV filters, botanical extracts, antioxidants, and vitamins, are available on the market to fight against blue light‐induced skin damage. There is not a formal standardized method to test for blue light protection; however, spectrophotometers, imaging devices, measuring oxidative stress, and visual evaluations are some of the methods being used today.ConclusionsThe number of ingredients launched for blue light protection and new methods developed to test products for blue light protection claims is expected to increase in the near future as we are learning more about the mechanism of damage that occurs in the skin upon blue light exposure.
Microneedle systems as medical devices for esthetical treatments: A risk assessment approach
Authors: del Rio Luis Alberto , Baeza David , Salazar Nuria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicroneedling devices are being used as a surgical technique without a clear regulatory category. They can become dangerous considering that these kind of devices can easily be bought and used by nonqualified people.AimsOur aim has been to demonstrate that microneedling devices used in dermatological surgery are Medical Devices according to the current regulations.Patients/MethodsAfter a thorough review in the European Union and USA medical device classification, we consider microneedling systems as Class II (US) or IIa (EU).ResultsTherefore, they must follow the regulations established for medical devices. A risk assessment has also been made, in which the technical and scientific deficiencies in their design and manufacturing have been recognized in addition to including compulsory information for the regulatory agencies and most importantly for the final user.ConclusionIt can be concluded that microneedling is an interesting tool in dermatology although more information related to its safety needs to be submitted. In addition, its use by nonprofessional people does not guarantee the safety of the user.
The anti‐tumor effects of imidazolium salts on oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Campos Paloma Santos , Menti Luiza Deitos , Pazutti Luise , Bortoli Natália Ângela , Ferreira Leonildo Alves , van Wyk Juanita Lizele , Darkwa James , Schrekker Henri Stephan , Lamers Marcelo Lazzaron 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundImidazolium salts (IS), ionic derivatives of neutral imidazoles, have properties that can be adjusted by structural modifications to their cations and anions, which makes this particular class of compounds a promising option for developing biologically active compounds. The anti‐tumor effects of the IS 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (C4MImCl), 1‐n‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (C10MImCl), 1‐n‐hexadecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (C16MImCl), 1‐n‐hexadecyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium chloride (C16M2ImCl), 1‐n‐octadecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (C18MImCl), 1‐n‐hexadecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C16MImMeS), and 1‐n‐hexadecyl‐2,3‐ dimethylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C16M2ImMeS) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been studied here.MethodsOral squamous cell carcinoma cells (CAL27) were incubated with increasing IS doses and then submitted to proliferation (2D), cell death (2D) and spheroid assay (3D).ResultsThe IS anti‐tumor effect was dependent on both its N‐alkyl chain length and anion, whereby C16MImCl proved to be more effective in combination for inhibiting cell proliferation and cell‐cell adhesion, outperforming the methylated C16M2ImCl derivative and, most importantly, the gold standard—cisplatin. In addition, C16MImCl had little effect on keratinocytes and more pronounced effects on more aggressive tumor cells. It also exhibited similar effects on inducing cell death when compared to Cisplatin. This compound spread to a greater area of the tumor sphere and produced an enhanced number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in the tumor cell line, demonstrating only a small rise in the healthy cells.ConclusionThese data indicate that the effect of C16MlmCl on OSCC is promising, as it is selective for cancer cells.
Adherence rates and risk factors for suboptimal adherence to secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever
Authors: Kevat Priya M , Gunnarsson Ronny , Reeves Benjamin M , Ruben Alan R 
Published: December 2020

AimSecondary prophylaxis with 3–4 weekly benzathine penicillin G injections is necessary to prevent disease morbidity and cardiac mortality in patients with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). This study aimed to determine secondary prophylaxis adherence rates in the Far North Queensland paediatric population and to identify factors contributing to suboptimal adherence.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data recorded in the online RHD register for Queensland, Australia, was performed for a 10‐year study period. The proportion of benzathine penicillin G injections delivered within intervals of ≤28 days and ≤35 days was measured. A multi‐level mixed model logistic regression assessed the influence of age, gender, ethnicity, suburb, Accessibility and Remoteness Index of Australia class, number of people per dwelling, Index of Relative Socio‐economic Advantage and Disadvantage, Index of Education and Occupation, year of inclusion on an ARF/RHD register and individual effect.ResultsThe study included 277 children and analysis of 7374 injections. No children received ≥80% of recommended injections within a 28‐day interval. Four percent received ≥50% of injections within ≤28 days and 46% received ≥50% of injections at an extended interval of ≤35 days. Increasing age was associated with reduced delivery of injections within 35 days. Increasing year of inclusion was associated with improved delivery within 28 days. The random effect of individual patients was significantly associated with adherence.ConclusionsImproved timely delivery of secondary prophylaxis for ARF and RHD is needed as current adherence is very low. Interventions should focus on factors specific to each individual child or family unit.
Bacteria cultured from the gut ofMeccus pallidipennis(Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a triatomine species endemic to Mexico
Authors: Jiménez‐Cortés J. G. , García‐Contreras R. , Bucio‐Torres M. I. , Cabrera‐Bravo M. , López‐Jácome L. E. , Franco‐Cendejas R. , Vences‐Blanco M. O. , Salazar‐Schettino P. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe study of intestinal microbiota in vector insects like triatomines is paramount in parasitology because many parasitic species inhabit the vector's gut. Although knowledge on the gut microbiota in various vectors of the parasitic flagellateTrypanosoma cruzihas grown, research efforts have focused on South American triatomines. This study reports the isolation of bacterial microbiota in the anterior and posterior gut ofMeccus pallidipennis(a triatomine species endemic to Mexico) by culture, as well as its identification by phenotypic and biochemical tests and its quantification by counting colony‐forming units. The study was performed on fifth‐instar nymph and adult specimens ofM. pallidipennis, either laboratory‐bred or collected in the field and either infected or not withT. cruzi. Overall, 17 bacterial species were identified, with the generaBacillusandStaphylococcusbeing the most prevalent regardless of the origin of the insects. No differences were observed in the number of bacterial species in the gut of laboratory‐bred and field‐collected insects, neither with respect to life stage or infection status. In general, the Shannon‐Weaver diversity index was higher in non‐infected insects than in infected ones. Further studies using non‐culture methods are required to determine whether bacterial species diversity is modified by laboratory breeding.
Racialization in nursing: Rediscovering Antonio Gramsci’s concepts of hegemony and subalternity
Authors: Racine Louise 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough Gramsci's notions of hegemony and subalternity may seem outdated in this 21st century, a critical examination of the literature shows that these concepts apply in this global pandemic and political context. Racialization is a form of structural violence. In this paper, I also explore Gramsci's’ notion of engaged intellectuals to support the idea of social and political activism in nursing. Nurse scholars call for the decolonization of the discipline. Gramsci's philosophical approach to hegemony can be extended to racialization in nursing. Gramsci's notions of civil society and state can help nurses to see the structures that create racism in nursing and society.
Deciduous and evergreen oaks show contrasting adaptive responses in leaf mass per area across environments
Authors: Sancho‐Knapik Domingo , Escudero Alfonso , Mediavilla Sonia , Scoffoni Christine , Zailaa Joseph , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Álvarez‐Arenas Tomás Gómez , Molins Arántzazu , Alonso‐Forn David , Ferrio Juan Pedro , Peguero‐Pina José Javier , Gil‐Pelegrín Eustaquio 
Published: December 2020

Summary

Increases in leaf mass per area (LMA) are commonly observed in response to environmental stresses and are achieved through increases in leaf thickness and/or leaf density. Here, we investigated how the two underlying components of LMA differ in relation to species native climates and phylogeny, across deciduous and evergreen species.

Using a phylogenetic approach, we quantified anatomical, compositional and climatic variables from 40 deciduous and 45 evergreen Quercus species from across the Northern Hemisphere growing in a common garden.

Deciduous species from shorter growing seasons tended to have leaves with lower LMA and leaf thickness than those from longer growing seasons, while the opposite pattern was found for evergreens. For both habits, LMA and thickness increased in arid environments. However, this shift was associated with increased leaf density in evergreens but reduced density in deciduous species.

Deciduous and evergreen oaks showed fundamental leaf morphological differences that revealed a diverse adaptive response. While LMA in deciduous species may have diversified in tight coordination with thickness mainly modulated by aridity, diversification of LMA within evergreens appears to be dependent on the infrageneric group, with diversification in leaf thickness modulated by both aridity and cold, while diversification in leaf density is only modulated by aridity.
Encephalitis and meningitis in Western Africa: a scoping review of pathogens
Authors: Rezaei Shawheen J. , Mateen Farrah J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo give an overview of the recently reported literature on the aetiologies of meningitis and encephalitis in western sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review following PRISMA guidance on published meningitis and encephalitis cases in the 16 countries of the United Nations‐defined western sub‐Saharan African region as identified in cohort studies, case series, and case reports, published 01/01/2000–08/01/2020, and available in four databases in August 2020 with an abstract in English, French or Italian.ResultsThere were 38 distinct pathogens identified from 91 cohort studies’ data and 48 case reports or case series’ data. In cohort‐level data, the majority of cases were caused by Neisseria meningitidis (71.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (17.6%) and Haemophilus influenzae (7.3%). In case report‐ and case series‐level data, 40.5% of patients were <18 years old, 28.6% were female, and 28.6% were known to be immunocompromised. The case fatality rate was 39.3%. The most commonly reported pathogens among immunocompetent patients were Salmonella species (13 cases) and Ebola virus (9 cases), and the most commonly reported pathogen among immunocompromised patients was Cryptococcus neoformans (18 cases). Most cohort cases (52.3%) derived from Niger followed by Burkina Faso (28.6%). Most cases from single reports or series were reported from Nigeria (21.4%), Mali (20.2%) and Burkina Faso (19.0%).ConclusionsGiven the small number of pathogens reported, our findings underscore the need to better screen, diagnose and monitor populations in western sub‐Saharan Africa for additional CNS pathogens, including those posing significant outbreak risks.