bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyolysis in drug-related deaths
Authors: Kaisang Natarat , Promsawat Kotchakorn , Jantasorn Weerachai , Srisont Smith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to detect myoglobin staining in the cases in which were suspected that intoxication was the cause of death.Materials and methodThis study selected the drug-related death cases including those with toxic blood levels of substances. These drug-related death cases were classified into two groups: (1) suggestive of intoxication death group and (2) other causes of death group which was control group. The kidneys of all these cases were immunohistochemically stained with the myoglobin antibody for rhabdomyolysis diagnosis.ResultsThere were 50 drug-related deaths separated into 28 study cases and 22 control cases. The positive myoglobin stain was found in 17 cases (60.7%) in the study group and 5 cases (22.7%) in the control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p= 0.007).ConclusionsMyoglobin detection in kidney by immunohistochemistry should be done to help for confirming the cause of deaths in these drug-related death cases.
Thoracoscopic excision versus radiofrequency ablation of the sympathetic chain as a treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis: comparative study
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed Saber , Elsherbeny Mohammed , Abdelbarr Ahmed , Abdelhay Sameh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Hyperhidrosis is an excess sweat secretion. Various modalities of treatment exist for hyperhidrosis. Although medical treatment is the first line of treatment, its long-term outcome is not satisfactory. In this study, we compared the results of thoracoscopic excision with that of radiofrequency ablation of the sympathetic chain as a treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis.

Results
During the period from January 2014 to December 2017, 42 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis after failure of medical treatment presented to Departments of Pediatric Surgery and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine. They were 26 males and 16 females. Their ages ranged between 11 and 42 years (mean 21.78 years). Twenty patients underwent thoracoscopic excision of the sympathetic chain (in Pediatric Surgery Department), while 22 patients underwent radiofrequency ablation of the sympathetic chain (in Neurosurgery Department). For the thoracoscopic sympathectomy group, the mean operative time was 27.39 min, the mean length of hospital stay was 24.78 h, the mean sweating scale decreased from 3.28 preoperatively to 1.33 1 year postoperatively, and the main postoperative complication was compensatory hyperhidrosis (40%). For the radiofrequency ablation group, the mean operative time was 55 min, the mean length of hospital stay was 20.64 h, the mean sweating scale decreased from 3.29 preoperatively to 1.57 1 year postoperatively, and the main postoperative complication was recurrence of hyperhidrosis (27%).

Conclusion
Thoracoscopic excision is more effective than radiofrequency ablation of the sympathetic chain in improving palmar hyperhidrosis. However, it has a higher risk of developing compensatory hyperhidrosis.
Prevalence, causes, and chest sonographic findings of bronchiectasis among admitted patients in tertiary care hospital: 10 years’ experience
Authors: Mohamed-Hussein Aliae , Makhlouf Hoda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBronchiectasis may be associated and/or co-exist with respiratory diseases as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or non-respiratory diseases. However, data about this association and/or co-existence is little. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of bronchiectasis among admitted patients in the Chest Department in 10 years’ period (2008–2018) and to detect associated and/or co-existent respiratory diseases. In a retrospective cohort study, the diagnosis of bronchiectasis was based on chest HRCT. Data included the total number of hospitalized patients during this period, their final diagnosis, co-existing diagnosis associated with bronchiectasis, and sonographic and spirometric findings.ResultsThe total number of patients admitted in 2008–2018 was 17,531 patients. The prevalence of bronchiectasis during this period was 9.04%. COPD was the commonest suspected cause (54.1%) followed by post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis (17.1%). On admission, 63.7% had acute type 2 respiratory failure, 21.1% had decompensated cor pulmonale, 3.8% required mechanical ventilation (MV), and 1.3% required non-invasive MV. On discharge, 9.9% required long-term oxygen therapy. The presence of B lines in chest ultrasonography was recorded in 68.2% and air bronchogram in 29.1%.ConclusionsThe prevalence of bronchiectasis among admitted patients was still increasing. COPD with bronchiectasis accounted for more than half of cases. More researches are needed to identify the impact of the COPD-bronchiectasis phenotype.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04101448
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Reduces Bone Resorption in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Christensen Mikkel B , Lund Asger B , Jørgensen Niklas R , Holst Jens J , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
In healthy individuals, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) enhances insulin secretion and reduces bone resorption by up to 25% estimated by absolute placebo-corrected changes in carboxy-terminal type 1 collagen crosslinks (CTX) during GIP and glucose administration. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), GIP’s insulinotropic effect is impaired and effects on bone may be reduced.

Objective
To investigate GIP’s effect on bone biomarkers in patients with T2D.

Design
Randomized, double-blinded, crossover study investigating 6 interventions.

Patients
Twelve male patients with T2D.

Interventions
A primed continuous 90-minute GIP infusion (2 pmol/kg/min) or matching placebo (saline) administered at 3 plasma glucose (PG) levels (i.e., paired days with “insulin-induced hypoglycemia” (PG lowered to 3 mmol/L), “fasting hyperglycemia” (mean PG ~8 mmol/L), or “aggravated hyperglycemia” (mean PG ~12 mmol/L).

Main Outcome Measures
Bone biomarkers: CTX, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and PTH.

Results
On days with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, CTX was suppressed by up to 40 ± 15% during GIP administration compared with 12 ± 11% during placebo infusion (P &lt; 0.0001). On days with fasting hyperglycemia, CTX was suppressed by up to 36 ± 15% during GIP administration, compared with 0 ± 9% during placebo infusion (P &lt; 0.0001). On days with aggravated hyperglycemia, CTX was suppressed by up to 47 ± 23% during GIP administration compared with 10 ± 9% during placebo infusion (P = 0.0005). At all glycemic levels, P1NP and PTH concentrations were similar between paired days after 90 minutes.

Conclusions
Short-term GIP infusions reduce bone resorption by more than one-third (estimated by absolute placebo-corrected CTX reductions) in patients with T2DM, suggesting preserved bone effects of GIP in these patients.

Précis
Short-term GIP infusions reduce the bone resorption marker CTX by one-third in patients with type 2 diabetes independent of glycemic levels.
Applying synthetic radiography to intraoral tomosynthesis: a step towards achieving 3D imaging in the dental clinic
Authors: Puett Connor , Inscoe Christina R , Hilton Robert L , Regan Anderson Michael W , Perrone Lisa , Puett Savannah , Gaalaas Laurence R , Platin Enrique , Lu Jianping , Zhou Otto 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: A practical approach to three-dimensional (3D) intraoral imaging would have many potential applications in clinical dentistry. Stationary intraoral tomosynthesis (sIOT) is an experimental 3D imaging technology that holds promise. The purpose of this study was to explore synthetic radiography as a tool to improve the clinical utility of the images generated by an sIOT scan. Methods: Extracted tooth specimens containing either caries adjacent to restorations (CAR) or vertical root fractures (VRF) were imaged by sIOT and standard dental radiography devices. Qualitative assessments were used to compare the conspicuity of these pathologies in the standard radiographs and in a set of multi-view synthetic radiographs generated from the information collected by sIOT. Results: The sIOT-based synthetic 2D radiographs contained less artefact than the image slices in the reconstructed 3D stack, which is the conventional approach to displaying information from a tomosynthesis scan. As a single sIOT scan can be used to generate synthetic radiographs from multiple viewing angles, the interproximal space was less likely to be obscured in the synthetic images compared to the standard radiograph. Additionally, the multi-view synthetic radiographs can potentially improve the display of CAR and VRFs as compared to a single standard radiograph. Conclusions: This preliminary experience combining synthetic radiography and sIOT in extracted tooth models is encouraging and supports the ongoing study of this promising approach to 3D intraoral imaging with many potential applications.
Retornando a nossas Raízes: as ressonâncias do pensamento de García Calderón sobre a obra Raízes do Brasil de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda
Authors: Senra Iara Andrade 
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo analisa algumas possíveis ressonâncias que a obra Ideas y Impresiones (1919) de García Calderón teve sobre Raízes do Brasil (1936), de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. Enfatizar-se-á dois pontos: a) a centralidade que Calderón reservou à questão da originalidade, ponto retomado e intensamente discutido por Buarque; b) a discussão sobre o idealismo espanhol desenvolvido por Calderón, análise que ofereceria os andaimes discursivos para Buarque conformar os tipos: Semeador e Ladrilhador. Além das fontes principais - Ideas y Impresiones e Raízes do Brasil – retrocedemos um pouco, selecionando obras anteriores de ambos os autores – Las Democracias Latinas de América (1912) e Originalidade Literária (1920) a fim de melhor compreender o pensamento de cada um e melhor identificar as contribuições de Calderón sobre Buarque.
Diagnosis of modal and chromatic dispersions for the LP01 and LP11 modes through temporal decomposition by means of Fourier transform
Authors: Shibata Nori , Watanabe Kimitaka , Ohashi Masaharu , Maruyama Ryo , Aikawa Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2020

We provide a novel approach for estimating the modal and chromatic dispersions of the

L
P

01

and

L
P

11

modes traversing a two-mode fiber (TMF). A modal interferometer is used to measure the differential group delay (DGD) and chromatic dispersion for the two modes in the 1260–1360 nm telecommunication band. The measurement principle is based on an investigation of a transmitted spectrum through temporal decomposition by means of a Fourier transform. The diagnosis of the DGD and chromatic dispersion for the two modes is discussed theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results obtained here exactly match those obtained previously. The salient feature of the present method is that the modal interferometer configuration makes it possible to measure both the DGD and chromatic dispersion and also estimate the shape of optical pulses traversing a TMF.
Single molecule light field microscopy
Authors: Sims Ruth R. , Abdul Rehman Sohaib , Lenz Martin O. , Benaissa Sarah I. , Bruggeman Ezra , Clark Adam , Sanders Edward W. , Ponjavic Aleks , Muresan Leila , Lee Steven F. , O’Holleran Kevin 
Published: July 2020

We introduce single molecule light field microscopy (SMLFM), a new class of three-dimensional (3D) single molecule localization microscopy. By segmenting the back focal plane of a microscope objective with an array of microlenses to generate multiple 2D perspective views, the same single fluorophore can be imaged from different angles. These views, in combination with a bespoke fitting algorithm, enable the 3D positions of single fluorophores to be determined from parallax. SMLFM achieves up to 20 nm localization precision throughout an extended

6

µ

m

depth of field. The capabilities of SMLFM are showcased by imaging membranes of fixed eukaryotic cells and DNA nanostructures below the optical diffraction limit.
Multifocus off-axis zone plates for x-ray free-electron laser experiments
Authors: Döring Florian , Rösner Benedikt , Langer Manuel , Kubec Adam , Kleibert Armin , Raabe Jörg , Vaz Carlos A. F. , Lebugle Maxime , David Christian 
Published: July 2020

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are paving the way towards new experiments in many scientific fields, such as ultrafast science, nonlinear spectroscopy, and coherent imaging. However, the strong intensity fluctuations inherent to the lasing process in these sources often lead to problems in signal normalization. In order to address this challenge, we designed, fabricated, and characterized diffractive x-ray optics that combine the focusing properties of a Fresnel zone plate with the beam-splitting capability of a grating in a single diffractive optical element. The possibility to split the incident beam into identical copies allows for direct shot-to-shot normalization of the sample signal, thereby greatly enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio in experiments with XFEL radiation. Here we propose two schemes for the design of such diffractive x-ray optical elements for splitting and focusing an incoming beam into up to three foci by merging a grating with a focusing zone plate. By varying the duty cycle of the grating or the relative shift of the Fresnel zone plate structure, we are able to tune the relative intensities of the different diffraction orders to achieve the desired splitting ratios. Experimental confirmation of the design is provided with soft x-ray light (540 eV) and shows a good agreement with calculations, confirming the suitability of this approach for XFEL experiments.
Struktur Komunitas dan Preferensi Habitat Ikan Karang pada Terumbu Buatan di Teluk Awang dan Teluk Bumbang, Pulau Lombok
Authors: Faizah Ria , Sadiyah Lilis , Aisyah Aisyah 
Published: July 2020

<strong>Community Structure and Habitat of Coral Fish on Artificial Reef in Awang and Bumbang Bay, Lombok Island</strong>. Artificial reefs which were placed in Teluk Awang and Teluk Bumbang intended to restore habitat fish resources. This paper aims to evaluate the development of artificial reefs in both locations. The activities was conducted in June and December 2015. Data collection included fish and benthic communities, biological parameters (phytoplankton, zooplankton, meroplanton), physical parameters (temperature, salinity, conductivity, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen), and chemical parameters waters (nitrates and phosphates). Observation of fish community using SCUBA diving equipment, underwater sheets, stationery and GPS, then visual observations using a modified stationary visual census technique. Visual recorded also used for benthic communities. Water sampling taken on the surface and bottom at depths of 9 m and 11 m using water quality checker. Biological parameters were taken using 60 µ, 300 µ and plankton net sizes 700 µ. Nutrients were observed in the laboratory by taking water samples in situ. Laboratory tests were carried out for nutrients as well as plankton and meroplankton. Benthic communities were categorized into four life forms, namely live coral covered, dead coral, biota (algae and other biota) as well as the abiotic component. Habitat preferences identified through analysis of factors related to fish abundance by principal component analysis method. The results showed that on those artificial reefs in Awang and Bumbang Bay found as many as 8 - 16 species of coral fish belongs to 15 families, dominated by Apogonidae (Archamia fucata), Pomacentridae (Neopomacentrus cyanomos) and Phempherididae (Phempheris oulensis), ranges of the abundance 268 to1088 individual. The ecological index showed low to moderate type of diversity, the dominance index does not indicate the dominance of certain species and the evenness index indicated that the fish dispersal characteristic is quite flat. Fish habitat preference in Awang Bay supported by the presence of algae and other biota, nutrients, and salinity. While in Teluk Bumbang supported by the abundance of fito-zooplankton, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity
Komunitas Fitoplankton di Daerah Litoral Danau Maninjau dan Sungai Ranggeh, Kabupaten Agam Kaitannya dengan Kandungan Nutrien
Authors: Sulawesty Fachmijany , Yustiawati Yustiawati , Aisyah Siti 
Published: July 2020

<p><strong>Phytoplankton Community Relationship with Nutrient Content in the Littoral Areas of Lake Maninjau and Ranggeh River, Agam Regency.</strong><strong> </strong>Phytoplankton in Lake Maninjau is a food source for fish and plankton-eating fish such as Bada fish (<em>Rasbora</em> sp.), Lake Maninjau endemic fish that have high economic value. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus would be the limiting factors for phytoplankton growth. This observation aims to determine the composition and abundance of phytoplankton to nutrient content in the littoral areas of Maninjau Lake and Ranggeh River. The observations were conducted on April, July, August, September, October, and November 2018 at several observation stations. The results show that there were phytoplankton groups, ie. Chlorophyta (53 species), Bacillariophyta (35 species), Cyanophyta (six species), Euglenophyta (five species), and Dinophyta (two species). The phytoplankton abundance in Maninjau littoral region ranged from 0.07 x 10<sup>6</sup> - 5.8 x 10<sup>6</sup>individual.L<sup>-1</sup>, while in Ranggeh River ranges from 0.0016 x 10<sup>6</sup> - 2.1 x 10<sup>6</sup>individual.L<sup>-1</sup>. In July 2018, the most abundant species was <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> (Cyanophyta), in August and September were <em>Synedra ulna</em> (Bacillaryophyta) while in October and November were <em>Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii</em> (Cyanophyta). Based on the diversity index, evenness index and dominance index, the phytoplankton community in the littoral area of Maninjau Lake was unstable compared to Ranggeh River. Principal component analysis showed that the abundance of Cyanophyta in the Maninjau littoral area was influenced by the concentration of phosphorus.</p>
Robot-Assisted Track-Scan Imaging Approach with Multiple Incident Angles for Complexly Structured Parts
Authors: Mei Yujian , Jin Haoran , Yu Bei , Wu Eryong , Li Liqiang , Yang Keji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ever-increasing use of complexly structured parts in modern manufacturing introduces new challenges to the inspection. However, high detection coverage and the contrast of ultrasonic images cannot be obtained by conventional B-scan imaging. To improve the quality of ultrasonic imaging of nonplanar components, we propose a robot-assisted track-scan imaging approach with multiple incident angles, and we have developed an ultrasonic data acquisition platform to implement it. The main idea of this method is to use multiple incident angles to improve the transfer of wave energy into the sample. Using rich information gathered from different incident angles, a nonplanar surface is correctly imaged by the proposed method. As seen from the experimental results, the proposed method can increase the detection coverage and contrast of images. Comparing different scanning trajectories and imaging methods, the detection coverage is improved by up to 57.3% and 88.7% for curved and inclined surfaces, respectively, by the proposed method. Similarly, the contrast-to-noise ratio increases up to 8.04 dB and 8.58 dB, respectively. Thus, our method has great potential for application in nondestructive ultrasonic imaging of complex-structure parts.
Validation of Chronic Restraint Stress Model in Young Adult Rats for the Study of Depression Using Longitudinal Multimodal MR Imaging
Authors: Seewoo Bhedita J. , Hennessy Lauren A. , Feindel Kirk W. , Etherington Sarah J. , Croarkin Paul E. , Rodger Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrior research suggests that the neurobiological underpinnings of depression include aberrant brain functional connectivity, neurometabolite levels, and hippocampal volume. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) depression model in rats has been shown to elicit behavioral, gene expression, protein, functional connectivity, and hippocampal volume changes similar to those in human depression. However, no study to date has examined the association between behavioral changes and brain changes within the same animals. This study specifically addressed the correlation between the outcomes of behavioral tests and multiple 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities in the CRS model using data collected longitudinally in the same animals. CRS involved placing young adult male Sprague Dawley rats in individual transparent tubes for 2.5 h daily over 13 d. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim tests (FSTs) confirmed the presence of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, respectively, postrestraint. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data revealed hypoconnectivity within the salience and interoceptive networks and hyperconnectivity of several brain regions to the cingulate cortex. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed decreased sensorimotor cortical glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and combined Glu-Gln (Glx) levels. Volumetric analysis of T2-weighted images revealed decreased hippocampal volume. Importantly, these changes parallel those found in human depression, suggesting that the CRS rodent model has utility for translational studies and novel intervention development for depression.
Experimental investigations of friction stir welded AA6063 aluminum matrix composite
Authors: Kaushik Narinder , Singhal Sandeep , Rajesh Rajesh , Gahlot Pardeep , Tripathi B. N 
Published: July 2020

The advancement of friction stir welding for joining of aluminum alloys and aluminum centered matrix composite has replaced the traditional welding techniques. In this experimental study, AA6063/10.5wt%SiC composite has been produced by employing enhanced stir casting technique with the assistance of Mg metal powder. Specimen composite plates having thickness 6 mm were friction stir welded successfully. The impact of welding variables on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of weldments has been studied. The friction stir welding (FSW) was carried out at a rotation rate of tool of 1400 rpm with a tool transverse rate of 124 mm/min. A cylindrical tool fabricated of high-speed steel (HSS) with square pin shape has been used for FSW. The results revealed that the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint was 163 MPa, which was very close to the strength of the as-cast composite matrix. The microstructural study showed the reason for higher joint strength and microhardness. The welded butt joint exhibited a change in the microstructure at various four welding zones which transforms the mechanical characteristics of welded joints has been due to the asymmetrical flow of material and thermal cycles around the pin. The intense stirring action of the tool pin during FSW cracked the SiC particles in the weld nugget. In the weld region, a fine-grained structure and homogeneous dispersion of SiC particles have been observed. The micro porosities associated with the base metal composite matrix were eliminated after FSW.