bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Entry Conditions on Performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Interdigitated Flow Fields
Authors: Wang Yixiang , Shen Ruibo , Sun Zhe , Wu Mingge 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A three-dimensional two-phase mathematical model is used to investigate the entry conditions effects on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) with an interdigitated flow field. Analogy with parallel and serpentine flow fields, interdigitated is better than the other two in comprehensive, and should be preferred. Comparison of different relate humidity (RH) indicates that RH significantly affect cell performance, while RH of cathode affect more. Current density increases with increased hydrogen flow of RH 100%, however, slightly reduces with that of oxygen.
Grid-connected Inverter Control Strategy Based on Capacitor Voltage Error Inertia Feedback
Authors: Xing Ning , Huang Hongquan , Chen Yanming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Firstly, the mathematical model of single-phase grid connected inverter is established.Then, the mathematical derivation is carried out accord to the state space model, and the control strategy of grid-connected inverter based on capacitor voltage error inertia feedback is proposed. In this strategy, the first-order inertial feedback of capacitor voltage error is adopted to suppress the resonance peak of LCL filter, the feedforward of capacitor reference voltage is adopted to improve the tracking performance of the system, and the proportional feedforward of grid-connected voltage is used to suppress the harmonic of power grid. In addition, Simulation verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Wind Water and Solar Complementary Power Generation System Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Yu Tengfei , Tao Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Wind and light energy are volatile and need to be predicted to provide the basis for the next control strategy. this system uses the neural network algorithm to carry on the short time forecast to the wind energy, the solar energy, Under the condition of high accuracy and based on the predicted results, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted to make decisions. In this way, it can decide how to do today, like when should it charge/discharge the battery to maintain the stability of system rather than just analysis feasibility of system only bases on the history data. By regulating each energy use strategy at different times, the purpose of complementary output is achieved, and the output is guaranteed to be stable as far as possible.
Multi Model Robust PID Control of Main Steam Temperature based on Gap Metric
Authors: Ma Zenghui , Xu Huiyi , Dong Fang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to adapt to the current construction of smart power plants, thermal power plants put forward higher requirements for the main steam temperature control. The traditional cascade PID control scheme is difficult to achieve satisfactory control quality. In this paper, several models of the main steam temperature plant are classified according to the gap metric, and then the corresponding robust PID controller is designed for different models. The simulation results show that the multi model robust PID control based on gap metric can effectively solve the large delay and nonlinearity of the main steam temperature plant, and the control performance is better than the cascade PID control, which is worth popularizing in engineering application.
Effects of Chronic and State Loneliness on Heart Rate Variability in Women
Authors: Roddick Charlotte M , Chen Frances S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Loneliness, the subjective experience of social isolation, represents one of the largest risk factors for physical illness and early death in humans. However, the mechanisms by which loneliness leads to adverse health outcomes are not well understood.

Purpose
In this study, we examined altered parasympathetic nervous system function as a potential pathway by which chronic loneliness and state loneliness may “get under the skin” to impact cardiovascular physiology.

Methods
In a controlled laboratory setting, vagally mediated resting heart rate variability (HRV), HRV reactivity to an induction of state loneliness, and HRV reactivity to a cognitive challenge task were assessed in a sample of 316 healthy women (18–28 years).

Results
Greater chronic loneliness in women predicted lower resting HRV, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, after controlling for demographic, psychosocial, and health behavior covariates. Furthermore, women higher in chronic loneliness experienced significantly larger increases in HRV to state loneliness and reported significantly higher levels of negative affect immediately following state loneliness, compared with their less chronically lonely counterparts. Chronic loneliness also predicted blunted HRV reactivity—a maladaptive physiological response—to cognitive challenge.

Conclusions
The current findings provide evidence that chronic loneliness is associated with altered parasympathetic function (both resting HRV and HRV reactivity) in women, and that the immediate experience of state loneliness is linked to a proximate increase in HRV among chronically lonely women. Results are discussed in terms of implications for cardiovascular health and the evolutionary functions of loneliness.
Understanding Between-Person Interventions With Time-Intensive Longitudinal Outcome Data: Longitudinal Mediation Analyses
Authors: Berli Corina , Inauen Jennifer , Stadler Gertraud , Scholz Urte , Shrout Patrick E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Mediation analysis is an important tool for understanding the processes through which interventions affect health outcomes over time. Typically the temporal intervals between X, M, and Y are fixed by design, and little focus is given to the temporal dynamics of the processes.

Purpose
In this article, we aim to highlight the importance of considering the timing of the causal effects of a between-person intervention X, on M and Y, resulting in a deeper understanding of mediation.

Methods
We provide a framework for examining the impact of a between-person intervention X on M and Y over time when M and Y are measured repeatedly. Five conceptual and analytic steps involve visualizing the effects of the intervention on Y, M, the relationship of M and Y, and the mediating process over time and selecting an appropriate analytic model.

Results
We demonstrate how these steps can be applied to two empirical examples of health behavior change interventions. We show that the patterns of longitudinal mediation can be fit with versions of longitudinal multilevel structural equation models that represent how the magnitude of direct and indirect effects vary over time.

Conclusions
We urge researchers and methodologists to pay more attention to temporal dynamics in the causal analysis of interventions.
Identification of seminal proteins related to the inhibition of mate searching in female crickets
Authors: Moschilla Joe A , Tomkins Joseph L , Simmons Leigh W 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn response to the reduction in fitness associated with sperm competition, males are expected to evolve tactics that hinder female remating. For example, females often display a postmating reduction in their sexual receptivity that has been shown to be mediated by proteins contained in a male’s seminal fluid (sfps). However, although there has been comprehensive research on sfps in genetically well-characterized species, few nonmodel species have been studied in such detail. We initially confirm that female Australian field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus, do display a significant reduction in their mate-searching behavior 24 h after mating. This effect was still apparent 3 days after mating but was entirely absent after 1 week. We then attempted to identify the sfps that might play a role in inducing this behavioral response. We identified two proteins, ToSfp022 and ToSfp011, that were associated with the alteration in female postmating behavior. The knockdown of both proteins resulted in mated females that displayed a significant increase in their mate-searching behaviors compared with females mated to males having the full compliment of seminal fluid proteins in their ejaculate. Our results indicate that the female refractory period in T. oceanicus likely reflects a sperm competition avoidance tactic by males, achieved through the action of male seminal fluid proteins.
ABCModeller: an automatic data mining tool based on a consistent voting method with a user-friendly graphical interface
Authors: Zhang Pengyi , Wu Jiangpeng , Zhai Honglin , Li Shuyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to extract useful information from a huge amount of biological data nowadays, simple and convenient tools are urgently needed for data analysis and modeling. In this paper, an automatic data mining tool, termed as ABCModeller (Automatic Binary Classification Modeller), with a user-friendly graphical interface was developed here, which includes automated functions as data preprocessing, significant feature extraction, classification modeling, model evaluation and prediction. In order to enhance the generalization ability of the final model, a consistent voting method was built here in this tool with the utilization of three popular machine-learning algorithms, as artificial neural network, support vector machine and random forest. Besides, Fibonacci search and orthogonal experimental design methods were also employed here to automatically select significant features in the data space and optimal hyperparameters of the three algorithms to achieve the best model. The reliability of this tool has been verified through multiple benchmark data sets. In addition, with the advantage of a user-friendly graphical interface of this tool, users without any programming skills can easily obtain reliable models directly from original data, which can reduce the complexity of modeling and data mining, and contribute to the development of related research including but not limited to biology. The excitable file of this tool can be downloaded from http://lishuyan.lzu.edu.cn/ABCModeller.rar.
Two Neural Networks for Laughter: A Tractography Study
Authors: Gerbella M , Pinardi C , Di Cesare G , Rizzolatti G , Caruana F 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLaughter is a complex motor behavior occurring in both emotional and nonemotional contexts. Here, we investigated whether the different functions of laughter are mediated by distinct networks and, if this is the case, which are the white matter tracts sustaining them. We performed a multifiber tractography investigation placing seeds in regions involved in laughter production, as identified by previous intracerebral electrical stimulation studies in humans: the pregenual anterior cingulate (pACC), ventral temporal pole (TPv), frontal operculum (FO), presupplementary motor cortex, and ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (VS/NAcc). The primary motor cortex (M1) and two subcortical territories were also studied to trace the descending projections. Results provided evidence for the existence of two relatively distinct networks. A first network, including pACC, TPv, and VS/NAcc, is interconnected through the anterior cingulate bundle, the accumbofrontal tract, and the uncinate fasciculus, reaching the brainstem throughout the mamillo-tegmental tract. This network is likely involved in the production of emotional laughter. A second network, anchored to FO and M1, projects to the brainstem motor nuclei through the internal capsule. It is most likely the neural basis of nonemotional and conversational laughter. The two networks interact throughout the pre-SMA that is connected to both pACC and FO.
Neurofunctional Components of Simple Calculation: A Magnetoencephalography Study
Authors: Salillas Elena , Piccione Francesco , di Tomasso Silvia , Zago Sara , Arcara Giorgio , Semenza Carlo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Our ability to calculate implies more than the sole retrieval of the correct solution. Essential processes for simple calculation are related to the spreading of activation through arithmetic memory networks. There is behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for these mechanisms. Their brain location is, however, still uncertain. Here, we measured magnetoencephalographic brain activity during the verification of simple multiplication problems. Following the operands, the solutions to verify could be preactivated correct solutions, preactivated table-related incorrect solutions, or unrelated incorrect solutions. Brain source estimation, based on these event-related fields, revealed 3 main brain networks involved in simple calculation: 1) bilateral inferior frontal areas mainly activated in response to correct, matching solutions; 2) a left-lateralized frontoparietal network activated in response to incorrect table-related solutions; and (3) a strikingly similar frontoparietal network in the opposite hemisphere activated in response to unrelated solutions. Directional functional connectivity analyses revealed a bidirectional causal loop between left parietal and frontal areas for table-related solutions, with frontal areas explaining the resolution of arithmetic competition behaviorally. Hence, this study isolated at least 3 neurofunctional networks orchestrated between hemispheres during calculation.
Advances in Separation and Purification of Bioactive Polysaccharides through High-speed Counter-Current Chromatography
Authors: Yang Yu , Khan Bilal Muhammad , Zhang Xiping , Zhao Yongjie , Cheong Kit-Leong , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Polysaccharides, with an extensive distribution in natural products, represent a group of natural bioactive substances having widespread applications in health-care food products and as biomaterials. Devising an efficient system for the separation and purification of polysaccharides from natural sources, hence, is of utmost importance in the widespread applicability and feasibility of research for the development of polysaccharide-based products. High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) is a continuous liquid–liquid partitioning chromatography with the ability to support a high loading amount and crude material treatment. Due to its flexible two-phase solvent system, HSCCC has been successfully used in the separation of many natural products. Based on HSCCC unique advantages over general column chromatography and its enhanced superiority in this regard when coupled to aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), this review summarizes the separation and purification of various bioactive polysaccharides through HSCCC and its coupling to ATPS as an aid in future research in this direction.
Typhoid and Paratyphoid Cost of Illness in Nepal: Patient and Health Facility Costs From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project II
Authors: Mejia Nelly , Abimbola Taiwo , Andrews Jason R , Vaidya Krista , Tamrakar Dipesh , Pradhan Sailesh , Shakya Rajani , Garrett Denise O , Date Kashmira , Pallas Sarah W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Enteric fever is endemic in Nepal and its economic burden is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of illness due to enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) at selected sites in Nepal.

Methods
We implemented a study at 2 hospitals in Nepal to estimate the cost per case of enteric fever from the perspectives of patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers. We collected direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs per blood culture–confirmed case incurred by patients and their caregivers from illness onset until after enrollment and 6 weeks later. We estimated healthcare provider direct medical economic costs based on quantities and prices of resources used to diagnose and treat enteric fever, and procedure frequencies received at these facilities by enrolled patients. We collected costs in Nepalese rupees and converted them into 2018 US dollars.

Results
We collected patient and caregiver cost of illness information for 395 patients, with a median cost of illness per case of $59.99 (IQR, $24.04–$151.23). Median direct medical and nonmedical costs per case represented ~3.5% of annual individual labor income. From the healthcare provider perspective, the average direct medical economic cost per case was $79.80 (range, $71.54 [hospital B], $93.43 [hospital A]).

Conclusions
Enteric fever can impose a considerable economic burden on patients, caregivers, and health facilities in Nepal. These new estimates of enteric fever cost of illness can improve evaluation and modeling of the costs and benefits of enteric fever–prevention measures.
Typhoid and Paratyphoid Cost of Illness in Pakistan: Patient and Health Facility Costs From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project II
Authors: Mejia Nelly , Qamar Farah , Yousafzai Mohammad T , Raza Jamal , Garrett Denise O , Date Kashmira , Abimbola Taiwo , Pallas Sarah W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of illness from enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) at selected sites in Pakistan.

Methods
We implemented a cost-of-illness study in 4 hospitals as part of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) II in Pakistan. From the patient and caregiver perspective, we collected direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs per case of enteric fever incurred since illness onset by phone after enrollment and 6 weeks later. From the health care provider perspective, we collected data on quantities and prices of resources used at 3 of the hospitals, to estimate the direct medical economic costs to treat a case of enteric fever. We collected costs in Pakistani rupees and converted them into 2018 US dollars. We multiplied the unit cost per procedure by the frequency of procedures in the surveillance case cohort to calculate the average cost per case.

Results
We collected patient and caregiver information for 1029 patients with blood culture–confirmed enteric fever or with a nontraumatic terminal ileal perforation, with a median cost of illness per case of US $196.37 (IQR, US $72.89–496.40). The median direct medical and nonmedical costs represented 8.2% of the annual labor income. From the health care provider perspective, the estimated average direct medical cost per case was US $50.88 at Hospital A, US $52.24 at Hospital B, and US $11.73 at Hospital C.

Conclusions
Enteric fever can impose a considerable economic burden in Pakistan. These new estimates of the cost of illness of enteric fever can improve evaluation and modeling of the costs and benefits of enteric fever prevention and control measures, including typhoid conjugate vaccines.
Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes in a Multicenter Registry of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Dandachi Dima , Geiger Grant , Montgomery Mary W , Karmen-Tuohy Savannah , Golzy Mojgan , Antar Annukka A R , Llibre Josep M , Camazine Maraya , Díaz-De Santiago Alberto , Carlucci Philip M , Zacharioudakis Ioannis M , Rahimian Joseph , Wanjalla Celestine N , Slim Jihad , Arinze Folasade , Kratz Ann Marie Porreca , Jones Joyce L , Patel Shital M , Kitchell Ellen , Francis Adero , Ray Manoj , Koren David E , Baddley John W , Hill Brannon , Sax Paul E , Chow Jeremy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may have numerous risk factors for acquiring coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and developing severe outcomes, but current data are conflicting.MethodsHealth-care providers enrolled consecutively, by nonrandom sampling, people living with HIV (PWH) with lab-confirmed COVID-19, diagnosed at their facilities between 1 April and 1 July 2020. Deidentified data were entered into an electronic Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) system. The primary endpoint was a severe outcome, defined as a composite endpoint of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, or death. The secondary outcome was the need for hospitalization.ResultsThere were 286 patients included; the mean age was 51.4 years (standard deviation, 14.4), 25.9% were female, and 75.4% were African American or Hispanic. Most patients (94.3%) were on antiretroviral therapy, 88.7% had HIV virologic suppression, and 80.8% had comorbidities. Within 30 days of testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 164 (57.3%) patients were hospitalized, and 47 (16.5%) required ICU admission. Mortality rates were 9.4% (27/286) overall, 16.5% (27/164) among those hospitalized, and 51.5% (24/47) among those admitted to an ICU. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 17.5% (50/286) of all patients and 30.5% (50/164) of hospitalized patients. Older age, chronic lung disease, and hypertension were associated with severe outcomes. A lower CD4 count (&lt;200 cells/mm3) was associated with the primary and secondary endpoints. There were no associations between the ART regimen or lack of viral suppression and the predefined outcomes.ConclusionsSevere clinical outcomes occurred commonly in PWH with COVID-19. The risks for poor outcomes were higher in those with comorbidities and lower CD4 cell counts, despite HIV viral suppression.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT04333953.
Mobile Networked Creativity: Developing a Theoretical Framework for Understanding Creativity as Survival
Authors: de Souza e Silva Adriana , Xiong-Gum Mai Nou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMobile networked creativity is an emergent practice that arises from the ongoing relationships among people and people with technologies—or networked resources. In this article, we propose a concept of creativity as emerging from networked connections, (im)mobility, and situations of hardship. We, thus, make a connection between mobility and space as networked elements of creativity as opposed to individual agent models. We focus on how unplanned or emergent uses of digital technologies reveal how creative practices emerge, particularly in the context of mobile technology use where people are physically mobile and yet connected via the Internet. We define the concept of creativity as a constant process of becoming, a “recursive organization” that can be seen in groups such as migrants, or people living in disenfranchised communities that survive in make-shift locations such refugee camps or slums. Contrary to the affluent and capitalistic-embedded traditional ideas of creativity, mobile networked creativity is a practice that is found mostly in situations of economic hardship, power imbalances, and (im)mobilities.