bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hourly extreme precipitation changes under the influences of regional and urbanization effects in Beijing
Authors: Yuan Yufeng , Zhai Panmao , Chen Yang , Li Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShort duration extreme precipitation has devastating impacts on city area. Local urbanization effects, superimposed upon regional climate change, complicate examination of long‐term changes in short duration precipitation extremes in urban areas. Based on high‐quality rain gauge observations of summer time hourly precipitation in Beijing Region over 1977–2013, this study reveals that despite the general drying tendency for North China, the urban area of Beijing has experienced more hourly precipitation extremes (HPE) than the suburban area since 2004, coinciding with the surge in the growth of urban built‐up areas. These hourly urban precipitation extremes are increasingly inclined to occurring during night‐time, especially during 1800 LST to 0200 LST (UCT+8). On the one hand, the amplified urban heat inland effect, which was more significant at night‐time, seems to have facilitated formation of more intense small scale thermal‐low and resultant ascending branch; on the other hand, it has favoured to establishing unstable stratification in the lower level. This possible mechanism explains the preference of HPE in urban areas during night‐time and climate change diversity under the influence of megacity superposition.
Energy Expenditure and Liver Transplantation: What We Know and Where We Are
Authors: Santos Bárbara Chaves , Correia Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson , Anastácio Lucilene Rezende 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) and undergoing liver transplantation (LTx) commonly present with malnutrition attributed to various etiologies. One of the causes is potential hypermetabolism resulting from increased resting energy expenditure (REE). After the surgery, it is hypothesized that these patients show a reduction in REE, which may contribute to the weight gain observed in this population. However, there have been controversial results regarding the metabolic status of ESLD patients and liver recipients, which has led us to critically review the pertinent literature. We enrolled studies with the following goals: assessment of REE of these patients either before or after surgery by using indirect calorimetry (measured REE [mREE]) and comparison of these mREE values with those of healthy controls or with REE values obtained using predictive equations (predicted REE [pREE]). For most patients, mREE and pREE values were comparable. However, ≥5.3% of patients exhibited hypermetabolism when the mREE was compared with the pREE using the Harris‐Benedict formula. Three follow‐up studies that were conducted postsurgery showed a progressive reduction in the mREE for ≤1 year. However, conflicting data have been published, and cross‐sectional studies have not reported hypometabolic patients. In conclusion, there is no consensus regarding the metabolic status of pre‐LTx and post‐LTx patients, which may be due to differences in the methods used for comparison. Therefore, we highlight this aspect of LTx patient management, which impacts the quality of nutrition therapy required by these patients.
Portable Raman can be the new hammer for architects restoring 20th‐century built heritage elements made of reinforced concrete
Authors: Ibarrondo Iratxe , Balziskueta Urko , Martínez‐Arkarazo Irantzu , García‐Florentino Cristina , Arana Gorka , Azkarate Agustín , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of portable Raman is proposed as the modern hammer of architects to inspect protected buildings of the 20th century, where reinforced concrete was used for structures and Portland type cement for mortars/binders in the walls. Two different buildings in the province of Biscay (North of Spain) were selected, the Punta Begoña Galleries, Getxo (1918), qualified as monument, affected by a direct marine and hard industrial environment from the Bilbao Commercial Harbor, the Library of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Campus of Leioa (1968), affected by the diffuse urban‐industrial atmosphere of metropolitan Bilbao. For both cases, original and decayed compounds were searched by portable Raman spectroscopy (785‐ and 532‐nm lasers) in raw materials and efflorescence salts over them. In the Galleries, the expected raw materials of Portland‐type mortars and reinforced concrete were detected, such as alite (3CaO·SiO2), belite (2CaO·SiO2), calcite (mortar and gravel) and gypsum together with quartz and aragonite, which indicates the use of beach sand as aggregate. Other compounds like nitratine (NaNO3), nitrocalcite/niter (Ca (NO3)2.6H2O/KNO3), γ‐anhidrite (CaSO4), bassanite (CaSO4·1/2H2O), mackinawite ((Fe,Ni)S), lepidocrocite (γ‐FeO (OH)), haematite (Fe2O3) and whewellite (CaC2O4·H2O) indicated also a heavy decay, because of chemical reactions between compounds in the aerosols around the building and original materials. In the Library of the UPV/EHU, apart from the same kind of original compounds, high amounts of niter (KNO3) were detected in efflorescence just underneath the upper gardens of the building, suggesting a decay due to the infiltration of ammonium nitrate charged waters. Moreover, thenardite (Na2SO4), syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O), gypsum (in efflorescence salts), aphthitalite (K3Na(SO4)2), haematite and anatase (TiO2) were also detected in other efflorescences.
Trends in Subglottic Stenosis Management: Resource Utilization and Pediatric Otolaryngology Training
Authors: McCormick Michael E. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe role for endoscopic management in children with subglottic stenosis (SGS) has grown, but there are no data on resource utilization or the impact on surgical training in pediatric otolaryngology. This study hypothesizes that this shift has increased resource utilization and has impacted surgical training by shifting the focus toward more endoscopic techniques.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsThe Kids' Inpatient Database for 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 was queried for admissions with the diagnosis of SGS. Surgical caseload was studied using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Accreditation data system for 2010 to 2017.ResultsAdmissions with SGS remained constant between 2003 and 2012. Hospital charges per admission did not change between 2003 and 2009 but increased in 2012. Tracheostomy decreased from 10.5% of admissions in 2003 to 6.8% in 2012. The percentage requiring repair of the larynx did not change; other operations on the larynx increased from 4.5% in 2003 to 11.6% in 2012. The median number of laryngoplasties performed per trainee decreased from 14 to nine between 2010 and 2017, whereas the number of laryngoscopy with intervention procedures increased from 34 to 56.ConclusionsThe evolution of SGS management appears to have led to a decrease in tracheostomy and an increase in certain procedures that may include endoscopic procedures. Recently, there has been a shift in airway surgical training, with trainees logging less open laryngotracheoplasty and more interventional laryngoscopy. Although these trends cannot be directly linked, the changes in trainee surgical experience may be justified by the decrease in larger open procedures and associated resource utilization.Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 132:S1–S9, 2022
Moebius syndrome: Craniofacial clinical manifestations and their association with prenatal exposure to misoprostol
Authors: Ruge‐Peña Néstor O. , Valencia Claudia , Cabrera Dagoberto , Aguirre Daniel C. , Lopera Francisco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA growing link between prenatal exposure to misoprostol (PEM) and Moebius syndrome (MS) or sequence has been reported. Our objectives were to describe the craniofacial clinical manifestations associated with MS and to determine the frequency of PEM, comparing cases of exposure and nonexposure.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional study of 140 patients with MS. Clinical evaluations, as well as 140 interviews with mothers residing in 39 cities or districts of Colombia, were carried out between April 2008 and May 2018. Additionally, previous clinical history of each case was reviewed.ResultsThe average age of the patients with MS was 8.4 years (29 days to 48 years). All of them presented facial nerve involvement and abducens, 112 (80.8%) with bilateral facial paralysis. 98.5% presented craniofacial disorders, and there were no significant differences between those exposed and not exposed to misoprostol. Forty‐seven percentage of patients (64 cases) presented PEM, in 98.4% of which abortion had been intended.ConclusionPEM could have an influence in the appearance of new cases of MS by increasing the frequency of bleeding during gestation, without increasing the number of associated craniofacial malformations. We present the biggest series on MS and craniofacial findings in the literature, along with a meaningful reference for its understanding.Level of Evidence3b.
Subphenotyping depression using machine learning and electronic health records
Authors: Xu Zhenxing , Wang Fei , Adekkanattu Prakash , Bose Budhaditya , Vekaria Veer , Brandt Pascal , Jiang Guoqian , Kiefer Richard C. , Luo Yuan , Pacheco Jennifer A. , Rasmussen Luke V. , Xu Jie , Alexopoulos George , Pathak Jyotishman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify depression subphenotypes from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) using machine learning methods, and analyze their characteristics with respect to patient demographics, comorbidities, and medications.Materials and MethodsUsing EHRs from the INSIGHT Clinical Research Network (CRN) database, multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to analyze 11 275 patients with depression to discern depression subphenotypes with distinct characteristics.ResultsUsing the computational approaches, we derived three depression subphenotypes: Phenotype_A (n = 2791; 31.35%) included patients who were the oldest (mean (SD) age, 72.55 (14.93) years), had the most comorbidities, and took the most medications. The most common comorbidities in this cluster of patients were hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Phenotype_B (mean (SD) age, 68.44 (19.09) years) was the largest cluster (n = 4687; 52.65%), and included patients suffering from moderate loss of body function. Asthma, fibromyalgia, and Chronic Pain and Fatigue (CPF) were common comorbidities in this subphenotype. Phenotype_C (n = 1452; 16.31%) included patients who were younger (mean (SD) age, 63.47 (18.81) years), had the fewest comorbidities, and took fewer medications. Anxiety and tobacco use were common comorbidities in this subphenotype.ConclusionComputationally deriving depression subtypes can provide meaningful insights and improve understanding of depression as a heterogeneous disorder. Further investigation is needed to assess the utility of these derived phenotypes to inform clinical trial design and interpretation in routine patient care.
Donor‐Transmitted Cancers in Transplanted Livers: Analysis of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Eccher Albino , Girolami Ilaria , Marletta Stefano , Brunelli Matteo , Carraro Amedeo , Montin Umberto , Boggi Ugo , Mescoli Claudia , Novelli Luca , Malvi Deborah , Lombardini Letizia , Cardillo Massimo , Neil Desley , D’Errico Antonietta 
Published: August 2020

The risk of transmission of malignancy from donor to recipient is low. However, this occurrence has dramatic consequences. Many reports of donor‐derived cancers in liver transplant recipients have been published, but they have not been systematically summarized into a lucid and unified analysis. The present study is an attempt to provide clarity to this unusual but clinically important problem. We systematically reviewed all patient reports, patient series, and registries published on cancer transmission events through the end of December 2019. We identified a total of 67 publications with 92 transmission events. The most frequently transmitted cancers were lymphomas (30; 32.6%), melanomas (8; 8.7%), and neuroendocrine tumors (8; 8.7%). Most of the melanomas were metastasizing, whereas most of the lymphomas were localized to the graft. The median time to cancer diagnosis after transplantation was 7 months, with 78.1% of diagnoses established in the first year. Melanoma carried the worst prognosis, with no recipients alive at 1 year after cancer diagnosis. Lymphoma recipients had a better outcome, with more than 75% surviving at 2 years. A metastatic cancer carries a worse prognosis for recipients, and recipients with localized cancer can benefit from the chance to undergo transplantation again. The findings confirm the need to pay attention to donors with a history of melanoma but also suggest the need for a more careful evaluation of groups of donors, such as those dying from cerebral hemorrhage. Finally, recipients of organs from donors with cancer should be carefully followed to detect potential transmission.
Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: Still Effective After More Than 8 Years
Authors: Thomsen Birgitte L.C. , Jensen Steen R. , Clausen Anders , Karlsborg Merete , Jespersen Bo , Løkkegaard Annemette 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundDeep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) is well established and the most effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known of the long‐term effects.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the long‐term effects of STN‐DBS in PD and evaluate the effect of reprogramming after more than 8 years of treatment.MethodsA total of 82 patients underwent surgery in Copenhagen between 2001 and 2008. Before surgery and at 8 to 15 years follow‐up, the patients were rated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) with and without stimulation and medicine. Furthermore, at long‐term follow‐up, the patients were offered a systemic reprogramming of the stimulation settings. Data from patients' medical records were collected. The mean (range) age at surgery was 60 (42–78) years, and the duration of disease was 13 (5–25) years. A total of 30 patients completed the long‐term follow‐up.ResultsThe mean reduction of the motor UPDRS by medication before surgery was 52%. The improvement of motor UPDRS with stimulation alone compared with motor UPDRS with neither stimulation nor medication was 61% at 1 year and 39% at 8 to 15 years after surgery (before reprogramming). Compared with before surgery, medication was reduced by 55% after 1 year and 44% after 8 to 15 years. After reprogramming, most patients improved.ConclusionsSTN‐DBS remains effective in the long run, with a sustained reduction of medication in the 30 of 82 patients available for long‐term follow‐up. Reprogramming is effective even in the late stages of PD and after many years of treatment.
Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency due to COQ8A gene mutations
Authors: Zhang Linwei , Ashizawa Tetsuo , Peng Dantao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary deficiency of coenzyme Q10 deficiency‐4 (COQ10D4) is an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with mitochondrial respiratory chain disfunction. The main clinical manifestation involves early‐onset exercise intolerance, progressive cerebellar ataxia, and movement disorders. COQ8A gene mutations are responsible for this disease. Here, we provide clinical, laboratory, and genetic findings of a patient with cerebellar ataxia caused by compound heterozygous mutations in COQ8A gene.MethodsA male patient from a non‐consanguineous Chinese family underwent detailed physical and auxiliary examination. After exclusion of acquired causes of ataxia, Friedreich's Ataxia, and common types of spinocerebellar ataxia, the patient was subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by confirmation of sequence variants using Sanger sequencing. His asymptomatic parents, two brothers and one sister were genotyped for these variants.ResultsThis patient showed early‐onset exercise intolerance and progressive cerebellar ataxia, wide‐based gait and tremor, accompanied by symptoms of dysautonomia. His serum lactate level was elevated and plasma total Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was decreased. Brain MRI showed cerebellar atrophy, and X‐ray of the spine revealed thoraco‐lumbar scoliosis. Compound heterozygous mutations in the COQ8A gene were identified through WES: c.1844_1845insG, p.Ser616Leufs*114 and c.902G>A, p.Arg301Gln. After treatment with ubidecarenone, 40 mg three times per day for 2 years, the symptoms dramatically improved.ConclusionsWe identified a patient with COQ10D4 caused by novel COQ8A mutations. Our findings widen the spectrum of COQ8A gene mutations and clinical manifestations.
Compact dual band circularly polarized meta‐structured antenna for GPS application
Authors: Ham Chan , Lee Chang‐Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this letter, a dual band circularly polarized (CP) meta‐structured antenna is designed by −1 mode for L1 band and mu‐zero resonance mode for L2 band, respectively. The antenna consists of two kinds of unit cells which have four unit elements for −1 mode and mu‐zero resonance mode, respectively, in order to utilize the limited space efficiently, and to maximize the gain. Since two modes of −1 mode and mu‐zero resonance mode operate like as loop antenna, these are fed by magnetic coupling of an aperture, simultaneously. In order to reduce mutual coupling between two modes, the orientation of −1 mode antennas are tilted by 45° from that of MZR mode antennas. In this arrangement, magnetic fields with two directions are needed to excite all unit elements, simultaneously. Thus, a cross shaped asymmetric aperture is employed. The RHCP gain of the antenna is measured to be 0.59 dBic at L1 band and −0.02 dBic at L2 band, respectively. The size of the antenna is only 0.14 λ0 by 0.14 λ0 (krground = 1.28) at L2 band. The measured results show a good agreement with those of simulations.
Frequency‐adjustable magnetic field probes
Authors: Wehkamp Niklas , Rovedo Philipp , Fischer Elmar , Hennig Jürgen , Zaitsev Maxim 
Published: August 2020

PurposeNuclear Magnetic Resonance field probes provide exciting possibilities for enhancing MR image quality by allowing for calibration of k‐space trajectories and/or dynamic measurement of local field changes. The purpose of this study is to design and build field probes, which are easier to manufacture and more flexible to use than existing probes.MethodsA new manufacturing method is presented based on light‐activated resin to encase the coil assembly and the 1H sample. This method allows for realizing field probes with tightly integrated orthogonal coils, whereby the local resonance frequency of protons can be adjusted during the MR experiment, by applying a DC current to the integrated

‐field modification coil.ResultsThe apparent field probe position in a gradient echo experiment was shifted within the field of view by changing its Larmor frequency using an integrated micro‐coil with 5.5 windings. The measured frequency modulation induced by the

‐field modification coil was 113 Hz/mA. The probe was tested with currents up to 100 mA. The DC current in the local field modification coil did not introduce visible artifacts in the MR images. Furthermore selective off‐resonant excitation of the new field probes at 2 kHz above the main RF frequency was demonstrated. Gradient impulse response functions measured with a traditional and proposed probe show similar gradient imperfections.ConclusionsThe presented approach opens up new possibilities for concurrent field monitoring during MR experiments using standard RF capabilities of clinical scanners.
Modulations of Digestive and Metabolic Enzymes Profiles during Restriction Feeding in Rohu Labeo rohita Fingerlings
Authors: Dar Showkat Ahamd , Srivastava Prem Prakash , Nazir Mir Ishfaq , Jahan Iffat , Varghese Tincy , Hajam Irshad Ahmad , Gupta Subodh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A 60-d experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of alternative feeding, restriction feeding, and refeeding on digestive enzymes, metabolic enzymes, and metabolites in Rohu Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish weighing around 13 ± 2 g were randomly distributed into four treatment groups and a control group. The control group was fed with 3% body mass twice a day throughout the experiment. The four treatment groups consisted of T1 (alternate day feeding), T2 (0.5% feeding), T3 (1% feeding), and T4 (2% feeding). The fish were fed for the first 30 d according to the feeding schedule, and from day 31 onwards all of the treatment groups were fed the same rations as were the control fish up to 60 d. The samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 of the experimental trial. The activity of digestive enzymes decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in T1, T2, and T3 with respect to the control, and the lowest activities were found on day 30 of the experiment. The glucose-6-phospahate dehydrogenase activity decreased with the level of restriction feeding, with the lowest activity occurring at day 30 in the T2 group, and it improved with refeeding. The serum glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations decreased, with the lowest levels occurring in the T2 group at day 30. The current study revealed that restriction feeding and refeeding affected the digestion and metabolism of Rohu fingerlings within a short period of 30 d, and refeeding restored the optimum activity levels within the same 30-d period thereafter.
Factors associated with posttraumatic growth in patients with severe burns by treatment phase
Authors: Hwang Sun‐mi , Lim Eun Ju 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify differences in the level of depressive symptoms, social support and posttraumatic growth among patients with severe burns by treatment phase and the factors associated with posttraumatic growth in the acute and rehabilitation phases.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive design.MethodsThe factors associated with posttraumatic growth in 179 patients with severe burns were assessed using regression analysis.ResultsCompared with those in the acute phase (mild depression), those in the rehabilitation phase showed moderate depression and lower positive self‐perception, resulting in a significant difference in the means. Social support was significantly correlated with posttraumatic growth and explained 14.9% of its variance in the acute phase. Depressive symptoms and social support were significantly associated with posttraumatic growth and explained 28.2% of its variance in the rehabilitation phase. Therefore, the need for counselling support and intervention for patients with severe burns is evident.
Optimal weighted fusion Kalman estimator for the incremental system with correlated noises
Authors: Yan Guangming , Wang Mandi , Zhang Bo , Sun Xiaojun 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWhen the observation equation of system has not been verified or corrected under certain environmental conditions, applying it will yield to unknown system error and filtering error. The unknown system error can be effectively eliminated by introducing the incremental equation. In this article, the local Kalman estimator for the incremental system with correlated noises is first presented. It solves the state estimation problem for the system with unknown measurement error, which does not meet the requirements of classical Kalman filter. Furthermore, under the linear minimum variance optimal fusion criterion, the optimal weighted measurement fusion Kalman estimator is proposed for the multi‐sensor incremental system with correlated noises. It effectively solves the state estimation problem for the multi‐sensor system under poor observation condition. The proposed algorithms are simple in form and small in computational burden so as to be easily applied in engineering practice. A simulation example shows their effectiveness and feasibility.