bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model for Disentangling Dependencies and Impacts among Human Activities and Marine Ecosystem Services
Authors: Bryhn Andreas , Kraufvelin Patrik , Bergström Ulf , Vretborn Max , Bergström Lena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding and communicating the links among human activities and marine ecosystem services are fundamental for ecosystem-based management, which aims at attaining ecological, economic and social sustainability in the use of our seas. Relationships are typically complex and may differ between geographic areas. Here, an assessment model that combines available quantitative, semi-quantitative and qualitative information, rooted in the DAPSIR (Driver—Activity—Pressure—State—Impact—Response) framework and assessment requirements of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive, is developed and applied. Focusing on Swedish marine waters, major human activities at sea are evaluated in relation to their dependencies and impacts on the status of marine ecosystem services. This case study is a consensus assessment based on evaluation of available literature and data. By relating degrees of dependencies and impacts to values of different economic sectors, discrepancies among sectors with respect to their impact versus their monetary value can be identified. In our case, commercial fishing depends on and influences a wide range of ecosystem services, while other sectors, such as shipping, depend little on marine ecosystem services. At the extreme end of the range, pressures from human activities in the past, such as historical nutrient emissions, still have prominent influence on ecosystem services today, entailing considerable losses. Marine tourism and commercial fishing show similar dependencies on ecosystem services, but tourism has a clearly lower impact on ecosystem services and a higher monetary value. The model may serve as a useful tool for communicating and guiding priorities in integrated environmental management and maritime spatial planning.
Unstructured network topology begets order-based representation by privileged neurons
Authors: Bauermeister Christoph , Keren Hanna , Braun Jochen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow spiking activity reverberates through neuronal networks, how evoked and spontaneous activity interacts and blends, and how the combined activities represent external stimulation are pivotal questions in neuroscience. We simulated minimal models of unstructured spiking networks in silico, asking whether and how gentle external stimulation might be subsequently reflected in spontaneous activity fluctuations. Consistent with earlier findings in silico and in vitro, we observe a privileged subpopulation of ‘pioneer neurons’ that, by their firing order, reliably encode previous external stimulation. We also confirm that pioneer neurons are ‘sensitive’ in that they are recruited by small fluctuations of population activity. We show that order-based representations rely on a ‘chain’ of pioneer neurons with different degrees of sensitivity and thus constitute an emergent property of collective dynamics. The forming of such representations is greatly favoured by a broadly heterogeneous connection topology—a broad ‘middle class’ in degree of connectedness. In conclusion, we offer a minimal model for the representational role of pioneer neurons, as observed experimentally in vitro. In addition, we show that broadly heterogeneous connectivity enhances the representational capacity of unstructured networks.
Oxalobacter formigenes treatment combined with intensive dialysis lowers plasma oxalate and halts disease progression in a patient with severe infantile oxalosis
Authors: Pape Lars , Ahlenstiel-Grunow Thurid , Birtel Johannes , Krohne Tim U. , Hoppe Bernd 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Infantile oxalosis, the most devastating form of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), often leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during the first weeks to months of life.

Case-diagnosis
Here, we report the outcome of the therapeutic use of Oxalobacter formigenes (Oxabact OC5; OxThera AB, Stockholm, Sweden) in a female infant with PH1 who exhibited severely elevated plasma oxalate (Pox) levels, pronounced nephrocalcinosis, anuretic end-stage renal disease, and retinal oxalate deposits. Following the diagnosis of PH1 at an age of 8 weeks, a combined regimen of daily peritoneal dialysis, daily pyridoxine treatment and hemodialysis (3 times a week) was unable to reduce the pronounced hyperoxalemia. After the addition of Oxalobacter formigenes therapy to the otherwise unchanged treatment regimen, Pox levels first stabilized and subsequently declined from 130 μmol/L to around 80 μmol/L. Nephrocalcinosis and retinal deposits stabilized. Oxalobacter formigenes treatment was well-tolerated and no related adverse events were observed. The patient showed nearly age-appropriate growth and development and received successful combined liver-kidney transplantation at the age of two years.

Conclusions
Treatment with O. formigenes combined with intensive dialysis led to reduction of Pox, stabilization of systemic oxalosis, and improvement in the clinical disease course. O. formigenes treatment may be an option for reduction of oxalosis in infantile patients with insufficient response to conservative treatments until combined liver-kidney transplantation can be performed.
Leucine and mTORc1 act independently to regulate 2-deoxyglucose uptake in L6 myotubes
Authors: Yin Qiong , Brameld John M. , Parr Tim , Murton Andrew J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChronic mTORc1 hyperactivation via obesity-induced hyperleucinaemia has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, yet the direct impact of leucine on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle cells remains unclear. To address this, differentiated L6 myotubes were subjected to various compounds designed to either inhibit mTORc1 activity (rapamycin), blunt leucine intracellular import (BCH), or activate mTORc1 signalling (3BDO), prior to the determination of the uptake of the glucose analogue, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), in response to 1 mM insulin. In separate experiments, L6 myotubes were subject to various media concentrations of leucine (0–0.8 mM) for 24 h before 2-DG uptake in response to insulin was assessed. Both rapamycin and BCH blunted 2-DG uptake, irrespective of insulin administration, and this occurred in parallel with a decline in mTOR, 4E-BP1, and p70S6K phosphorylation status, but little effect on AKT phosphorylation. In contrast, reducing leucine media concentrations suppressed 2-DG uptake, both under insulin- and non-insulin-stimulated conditions, but did not alter the phosphorylation state of AKT-mTORc1 components examined. Unexpectedly, 3BDO failed to stimulate mTORc1 signalling, but, nonetheless, caused a significant increase in 2-DG uptake under non-insulin-stimulated conditions. Both leucine and mTORc1 influence glucose uptake in muscle cells independent of insulin administration, and this likely occurs via distinct but overlapping mechanisms.
Marmoset prosociality is intentional
Authors: Burkart Judith M. , van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMarmoset monkeys show high levels of proactive prosociality, a trait shared with humans, presumably because both species rely on allomaternal care. However, it is not clear whether the proximate regulation of this convergent trait is also similar, in particular with regard to intentionality, which is a defining characteristic of prosocial behavior in the human literature. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether marmoset monkeys’ prosociality fulfils the criteria of intentionality developed in primate communication research. The results show that marmoset prosocial behavior (i) has some degree of flexibility, since individuals can use multiple means to reach their goal and adjust them to specific conditions, (ii) depends on the presence of an audience, i.e. potential recipients (social use), and (iii) is goal-directed, because (a) it continues exactly until the putative goal is reached, and (b) individuals check back and look at/for their partner when their prosocial actions do not achieve the putative goal (i.e. if their actions don’t lead to the expected outcome, this elicits distinct reactions in the actor). These results suggest that marmoset prosociality is under some degree of voluntary, intentional control. They are in line with other findings that marmosets perceive each other as intentional agents, and only learn socially from actions that are perceived as intentional. The most parsimonious conclusion is, therefore, that prosocial behavior is fundamentally under voluntary control in marmosets, just as it is in humans, even though our more sophisticated cognitive abilities allow for a far more complex integration of prosociality into a broader variety of contexts and of behavioral goals.
Lipidomic identification of plasma lipids associated with pain behaviour and pathology in a mouse model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Pousinis P. , Gowler P. R. W. , Burston J. J. , Ortori C. A. , Chapman V. , Barrett D. A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease, causing pain and disability. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of lipid mediators in OA pathogenesis.

Objectives
To explore potential alterations in the plasma lipidomic profile in an established mouse model of OA, with a view to identification of potential biomarkers of pain and/or pathology.

Methods
Pain behaviour was assessed following destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of OA (n = 8 mice) and compared to sham controls (n = 7). Plasma and knee joints were collected at 16 weeks post-surgery. Plasma samples were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography accurate mass high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS) to identify potential differences in the lipidome, using multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. Correlations between pain behaviour, joint pathology and levels of lipids were investigated.

Results
24 lipids, predominantly from the lipid classes of cholesterol esters (CE), fatty acids (FA), phosphatidylcholines (PC), N-acylethanolamines (NAE) and sphingomyelins (SM), were differentially expressed in DMM plasma compared to sham plasma. Six of these lipids which were increased in the DMM model were identified as CE(18:2), CE(20:4), CE(22:6), PC(18:0/18:2), PC(38:7) and SM(d34:1). CEs were positively correlated with pain behaviour and all six lipid species were positively correlated with cartilage damage. Pathways shown to be involved in altered lipid homeostasis in OA were steroid biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism.

Conclusion
We identify plasma lipid species associated with pain and/or pathology in a DMM model of OA.
Male breast cancer: clinicopathological characterization of a National Danish cohort 1980–2009
Authors: Jylling Anne Marie Bak , Jensen Vibeke , Lelkaitis Giedrius , Christiansen Peer , Nielsen Sarah Schulz , Lautrup Marianne Djernes 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
To describe relevant pathological parameters of Danish male breast cancer patients (MBCP) diagnosed from 1980 to 2009, and to relate these data to treatment, overall survival (OS) and standardized mortality rate (SMR).

Materials and methods
The MBCP cohort was defined from national Danish registers. A total of 643 MBCP were identified with tissue available in 457. Among these, 384 were primary operable. Where tissue blocks were available, tumor type, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesteron receptor (PgR) and androgen-receptor (AR) status as well as HER 2 and Ki67 were performed. OS was quantified by Kaplan–Meier estimates and SMR was calculated based on mortality rate among patients relative to the mortality rate in the general population.

Results
Male breast cancer was more often of ductal type, grade II and a very high proportion were ER and AR positive and HER2 negative. Intrinsic subtypes based on immunohistochemical evaluation showed luminal subtype. Ki67 ratio increased over period of study. OS declined by increased age, bigger tumor size, positive lymph node status, higher grade and Luminal B subtype. Hazard ratio and relative risk of SMR were highest for patients aged < 60 years.

Conclusion
Male breast cancer is of luminal subtype, but more often Luminal B. Ki67 is crucial in evaluation of subtypes by immunohistochemistry, but have limitations. Subtyping seems to be of major importance. AR also can have a role in future treatment.
FTY720 Protects Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Preventing the Redistribution of Tight Junction Proteins and Decreases Inflammation in the Subacute Phase in an Experimental Stroke Model
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Higashikawa Kei , Yasui Hironobu , Kuge Yuji , Ohno Yusuke , Kihara Akio , Midori Yenari A. , Houkin Kiyohiro , Kawabori Masahito 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInjury due to brain ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) may be an important therapeutic target in the era of thrombectomy. FTY720, a widely known sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist, exerts various neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect of FTY720 with respect to I/R injury, especially focusing on blood–brain barrier (BBB) protection and anti-inflammatory effects. Male rats were subjected to transient ischemia and administered vehicle or 0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg of FTY720 immediately before reperfusion. Positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]DPA-714 was performed 2 and 9 days after the insult to serially monitor neuroinflammation. Bovine and rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) were also subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reperfusion, and administered FTY720, phosphorylated-FTY720 (FTY720-P), or their inhibitor. FTY720 dose-dependently reduced cell death, the infarct size, cell death including apoptosis, and inflammation. It also ameliorated BBB disruption and neurological deficits compared to in the vehicle group. PET indicated that FTY720 significantly inhibited the worsening of inflammation in later stages. FTY720-P significantly prevented the intracellular redistribution of tight junction proteins but did not increase their mRNA expression. These results suggest that FTY720 can ameliorate I/R injury by protecting the BBB and regulating neuroinflammation.
Façade scaffolding behaviour under wind action
Authors: Lipecki Tomasz , Jamińska-Gadomska Paulina , Bęc Jarosław , Błazik-Borowa Ewa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe main objective of the study was to estimate the mean horizontal wind action on a façade scaffolding on the basis of full-scale data. Measurements of climatic parameters were carried out for a number of façade scaffoldings (120 structures) located in Poland over a 30-month period. The measurement points were located on 2–3 deck levels of each structure and at 2–4 points placed in each level. The measurements were carried out 3–4 times during each day for 5 consecutive days. At each point, two components of wind speed were measured: first with the vane probe directed perpendicular to the façade and then parallel to the façade. Each measurement lasted 60 s, and the data were recorded every 1 s. On the basis of wind speeds, a procedure was suggested that enabled estimation of the static wind action on façade scaffoldings. The responses of structures to this action were computed via FEM simulations. The results were compared with those based on the approaches recommended by the wind and scaffolding codes. Initial analyses, illustrated by three scaffoldings without a protective cover, indicated large discrepancies between the approaches and the possibility of wind action, which is not considered in the codes.
On supercritical problems involving the Laplace operator
Authors: Clemente Rodrigo , Marcos do Ó João , Ubilla Pedro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe discuss the existence, nonexistence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of elliptic equations in the unit ball with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions involving nonlinearities with supercritical growth. By using Pohozaev type identity we prove a nonexistence result for a class of supercritical problems with variable exponent which allow us to complement the analysis developed in (Calc. Var. (2016) 55:83). Moreover, we establish existence results of positive solutions for semilinear elliptic equations involving nonlinearities which are subcritical at infinity just in a part of the domain, and can be supercritical in a suitable sense.
The association between consumption of monounsaturated fats from animal-v. plant-based foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective nationwide cohort study
Authors: Zhuang Pan , Zhang Yu , Mao Lei , Wang Liang , Wu Fei , Cheng Longfei , Jiao Jingjing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough higher dietary intake of MUFA has been shown to improve glycaemic control and lipid profiles, whether MUFA consumption from different sources is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. We aimed to prospectively assess the associations of plant-derived MUFA (P-MUFA) and animal-derived MUFA (A-MUFA) intakes with T2D risk in a nationwide oriental cohort. Overall, 15 022 Chinese adults, aged ≥20 years, from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS 1997–2011) were prospectively followed up for a median of 14 years. Consumption of MUFA from plant and animal sources was assessed using 3-d 24-h recalls in each survey, and the cumulative average of intake was calculated. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were constructed to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) of T2D according to quartiles of MUFA intake. P-MUFA were mainly consumed from cooked vegetable oils, fried bread sticks and rice, while A-MUFA were mainly consumed from pork, lard and eggs. Intake of P-MUFA was associated with a higher risk of T2D (HRQ4v. Q11·50 (95 % CI 1·18, 1·90);Ptrend= 0·0013), whereas A-MUFA showed no significant association (HRQ4v. Q10·84 (95 % CI 0·59, 1·20);Ptrend= 0·30). When further considering the cooking method of food sources, consumption of P-MUFA from fried foods was positively associated with T2D risk (HRQ4v. Q11·60 (95 % CI 1·26, 2·02);Ptrend= 0·0006), whereas non-fried P-MUFA were not associated. Intake of MUFA from fried plant-based foods may elevate T2D risk among the Chinese population.
Risk factors for death from hand–foot–mouth disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ni X.F. , Li X. , Xu C. , Xiong Q. , Xie B.Y. , Wang L.H. , Peng Y.H. , Li X.W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent years, outbreaks of hand–foot–mouth disease (HFMD) in China, Singapore and other Western Pacific Region, involving millions of children, have become a big threat to public health. This study aimed to quantitatively assess all qualified studies and identify the risk factors for HFMD death. A systematic search of the databases PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed. Study heterogeneity and publication bias were estimated. Seven case–control studies involving 1641 participants (634 died and 1007 survived) were included in the meta-analysis. Human enterovirus 71 infection, male, age ⩽3 years, vomiting, cyanosis, convulsion, duration of fever ⩾3 days, atypical rashes and abdominal distention were not significantly related to HFMD death (P⩽ 0.05). Lethargy (odds ratio (OR) = 6.62; 95% CI 3.61–12.14;I2= 0%;P< 0.0001), pneumonoedema/pneumorrhagia (OR = 4.09; 95% CI 2.44–6.87;I2= 0%;P< 0.0001), seizures (OR = 6.85; 95% CI 2.37–19.74;I2= 0%;P= 0.0004), dyspnoea (OR = 8.24; 95% CI 2.05–33.19;I2= 83%;P= 0.003) and coma (OR = 3.76; 95% CI 1.85–7.67;I2= 0%;P= 0.0003) were significantly associated with HFMD death, which were risk factors for HFMD death.
Outbreak ofClostridium perfringensfood poisoning linked to leeks in cheese sauce: an unusual source
Authors: Bhattacharya Alex , Shantikumar Saran , Beaufoy Damon , Allman Adrian , Fenelon Deborah , Reynolds Karen , Normington Andrea , Afza Musarrat , Todkill Dan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBetween 11–13 December 2018, local public health authorities in the West Midlands, England were alerted to 34 reports of diarrhoea with abdominal cramps. Symptom onset was ~10 h after diners ate Christmas meals at a restaurant between 7–9 December 2018. A retrospective case-control study, environmental and microbiological investigations were undertaken to determine the source and control the outbreak. An analytical study was undertaken with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Forty persons were recruited to the analytical study (28/40 cases). Multivariable analysis found that leeks in cheese sauce was the only item associated with illness (aOR 51.1; 95% CI 4.13–2492.1). Environmental investigations identified significant lapses in food safety, including lapses in temperature control during cooking and hot holding, likely cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods and the reuse of leftover cheese sauce for the next day's service. No food samples were taken during the exposure period. Two faecal samples were positive forClostridium perfringenswith one confirming the enterotoxigenic gene. Cheese sauce is an unusual vehicle for the organism and the first time this has been reported in England.
A process model linking physiological arousal and fear recognition to aggression via guilt in middle childhood
Authors: Colasante Tyler , Jambon Marc , Gao Xiaoqing , Malti Tina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAggression coincides with emotional underarousal in childhood, but we still lack an understanding of how underarousal contributes to aggression. With an ethnically diverse sample of 8-year-olds (N = 150), we tested whether physiological underarousal and lower fear recognition were indirectly associated with heightened aggression through dampened guilt feelings. Caregivers rated children's aggressive behavior. We assessed children's skin conductance (SC) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) while they imagined transgressing norms and measured their fear recognition with a facial morph task. Children reported guilt or lack thereof after hypothetically transgressing. The interaction of decreasing SC and increasing RSA (i.e., physiological underarousal) and poor fear recognition were indirectly associated with higher aggression through their associations with lower guilt. Emotional underarousal may contribute to aggression by disrupting the normative development of guilt. We discuss strategies to improve social-emotional acuity and reduce aggression in children with blunted physiological arousal and fear recognition.
Notes on the language of the Hismaic Inscriptions and a re-reading of Line 4 of the Madaba Hismaic Inscription
Authors: AL-JALLAD AHMAD 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the longest Hismaic inscriptions yet discovered comes from the region of Madaba, Jordan. It was published first in an Arabic article by Khraysheh in 2000 and was re-edited by Graf and Zwettler four years later. Both editions remark on the striking similarity in language and style between this text and Classical Arabic. Indeed, this inscription and a closely related text from Uraynibah West, also published by Graf and Zwettler in the same article, are among the best witnesses to the Arabic of this region during the Nabataean period. This article will offer a few remarks on the language of the Hismaic inscriptions and then provide a new reading of line 4 of the Madaba inscription, which had previously evaded satisfactory interpretation.