bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the response time of fail-safe magnetorheological damper
Authors: Jeniš F , Kubík M , Macháček O , Šebesta K , Strecker Z 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The significant problem of magnetorheological (MR) dampers is their poor fail-safe ability. In the case of power supply failure, the damper remains in a low damping state which is dangerous for several technical applications. This can be solved by accommodating a permanent magnet to the magnetic circuit of the damper. Currently, the MR dampers are used in progressive semiactive (S/A) control of suspension systems. The dynamics (force response time) of the damper is an important parameter that affects the performance of S/A control. The main goal of this paper is to introduce the dynamic behavior of MR damper with a permanent magnet. The damper design with the permanent magnet in the magnetic circuit, transient magnetic simulation including magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents, and experiments are presented. The magnetic field response time and MR damper force response time are measured and also determined from magnetic simulation. The permanent magnet significantly influences the MR damper dynamics. The decrease of the damping force from a fail-safe state–medium damping to off-state–low damping is significantly faster (2 ms, −1 A) than the increase to on-state–high damping (12 ms, 1 A). The exact value is depending on the electric current magnitude and piston velocity. The damper achieved fail-safe damping force approximately 1/3 of the maximum damping force. The exact value of the fail-safe force is magnetization history-dependent. The maximum dynamic force range is 8.5 which is comparable with the common design of MR damper.
Homogeneity of neutron transmission imaging over a large sensitive area with a four-channel superconducting detector
Authors: Vu The Dang , Shishido Hiroaki , Kojima Kenji M , Koyama Tomio , Oikawa Kenichi , Harada Masahide , Miyajima Shigeyuki , Oku Takayuki , Soyama Kazuhiko , Aizawa Kazuya , Hidaka Mutsuo , Suzuki Soh Y , Tanaka Manobu M , Malins Alex , Machida Masahiko , Ishida Takekazu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We previously proposed a method to detect neutrons by using a current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID), where neutrons are converted into charged particles using a 10B conversion layer. The charged particles are detected based on local changes in kinetic inductance of X and Y superconducting meanderlines under a modest DC bias current. The system uses a delay-line method to locate the positions of neutron-10B reactions by acquiring the four arrival timestamps of signals that propagate from hot spots created by a passing charged particle to the end electrodes of the meanderlines. Unlike conventional multi-pixel imaging systems, the CB-KID system performs high spatial resolution imaging over a 15 mm × 15 mm sensitive area using only four channel readouts. Given the large sensitive area, it is important to check the spatial homogeneity and linearity of detected neutron positions when imaging with CB-KID. To this end we imaged a pattern of 10B dot absorbers with a precise dot pitch to investigate the spatial homogeneity of the detector. We confirmed the spatial homogeneity of detected dot positions based on the distribution of measured dot pitches across the sensitive area of the detector. We demonstrate potential applications of the system by taking a clear transmission image of tiny metallic screws and nuts and a ladybug. The image was useful for characterizing the ladybug noninvasively. Detection efficiencies were low when the detector was operated at 4 K, so we plan to explore raising the operating temperature towards the critical temperature of the detector as a means to improve counting rates.
Determinants of Skin and Respiratory Exposure to Lufenuron During Spraying and Re-entry in Italian Ornamental Plants Greenhouses
Authors: Aprea Maria Cristina , Centi Letizia , Meniconi Maria , Lunghini Liana , Banchi Bruno , Sartorelli Pietro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate dermal and respiratory exposure of workers to Lufenuron during spraying and re-entry on ornamental plants (stapling) in greenhouses. Potential and real skin exposure were evaluated using filter paper pads, hand contamination by washing, and respiratory exposure by personal air sampling. Dislodgeable foliar residues (DFRs) during re-entry were determined in order to calculate the dermal transfer factor (DTF). Lufenuron was analysed by liquid chromatography–mass detection. Respiratory dose (ReD) was calculated on the basis of a lung ventilation of 15–20 l min−1 and absorbed doses assuming a skin penetration of 13% and a respiratory retention of 100%. During stapling, from the dependence of exposure of hands from DFRs, the mean DTF was 0.575 cm2 h−1 (geometric mean). The ReD was 68.7–74.6 and 0.022–0.636% of the total real dose during spraying and stapling, respectively. The absorbed doses, 0.144–0.171 and 0.005–0.124 µg kg bw−1 during spraying and stapling, respectively, were less than the acceptable operator exposure level of 10 µg kg bw−1. Proper use of equipment and personal protective equipment and personal hygiene are aspects of fundamental importance on which workers must be trained. Adequate occupational hygiene studies are needed to support and verify working practices.
Reputation and ‘reputational entrepreneurship’ in the colonial South and early republic: the case of plantation overseers*
Authors: Sandy Laura , Phillips Gervase 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Overseers were essential both to the profitability of North American slave plantations and to maintaining white racial hegemony. Yet they and their families were frequently condemned by planters as shiftless, incompetent, dishonest and brutal. Drawing on the sociology of reputation, and in particular the concept of ‘reputational entrepreneurship’, this article argues that the damning claims made by planters, and the responses of overseers and their wives, reveal an ongoing and significant social conflict within white colonial society between wealthy, but insecure, planter ‘patriarchs’ and their free, ambitious and independently minded employees.
A Quantized Riemann–Hilbert Problem in Donaldson–Thomas Theory
Authors: Barbieri Anna , Bridgeland Tom , Stoppa Jacopo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We introduce Riemann–Hilbert problems determined by the refined Donaldson–Thomas theory. They involve piecewise holomorphic maps from the complex plane to the group of automorphisms of a quantum torus algebra. We study the simplest case in detail and use the Barnes double gamma function to construct a solution.
Japan’s environmental diplomacy and the future of Asia-Pacific environmental cooperation
Authors: Sakaguchi Isao , Ishii Atsushi , Sanada Yasuhiro , Kameyama Yasuko , Okubo Ayako , Mori Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Asia-Pacific lacks an environmental leader. Japan, a forerunner of environmental regulation in the 1970s, started to engage in active environmental diplomacy in the post-Cold War era by hosting conferences of parties to multilateral environmental agreements such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as well as providing a massive amount of environmental aid. Then, in the 2000s, Japan’s initiatives became substantially weakened and have gained a negative international reputation as the country took a considerably passive position to the Paris Agreement, filed many reservations to the CITES listing decisions, and withdrew from the International Whaling Commission. This article explores, through six brief case studies, the factors and structures that systemically impede Japan’s environmental leadership and norm internalization. It highlights the constraining factors behind Japan’s devolution including its closed bureaucratic system and the lack of positive engagement of Japanese scientists. Finally, it addresses the future prospects of environmental cooperation in the Asia-Pacific.
Peacekeepers: Internationalist Protectors or National Perpetrators, Protected Either Way?
Authors: Cryer Robert , Perova Natalia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Peacekeepers occupy a liminal legal position, having never been provided for in the UN Charter. That said, a detailed legal regime has grown up around peacekeepers, both in terms of how they are protected by the criminal law and the jurisdictional regime that surrounds them. The piece argues that this relates to two sides of protection, which reflects dual image that has arisen around them. The first is that of international ‘saviours’ acting on behalf of a purported international community who have little more power than their moral authority, and therefore are worthy of additional protection from criminal law. This is shown through an analysis of the 1994 Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel and the relevant provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. However, peacekeepers have also been accused, of, and committed various crimes against the populations they are sent to protect. When this occurs, international law enters at a different level, casting peacekeepers as nationals of their sending State and placed in a jurisdictional regime that functionally, if not by design, protects ‘our boys’ from facing criminal liability for their conduct. This is investigated through analysis of peacekeepers’ Status of Forces Agreements and the Rome Statute regime applicable to them. These deeply inconsistent narratives, of peacekeepers as representatives of international good intentions, and national actors, operate in tandem to shield them from the consequences of their conduct. We recommend a holistic approach that is understanding, but less forgiving.
Palestine in the ICC
Authors: Ronen Yaël 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article examines two propositions relating to the role of the right to self-determination with regard to statehood, as put forward by the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in its a request pursuant to Article 19(3) of the ICC Statute, for a ruling on the Court’s territorial jurisdiction in Palestine. One proposition is that the right to self-determination can compensate for a shortfall in effective control that might otherwise bar recognition of the territory as a state. The other proposition is that when effective control is lacking because of illegal obstruction of the realization of the right to self-determination, recognition of statehood may be an appropriate response regardless of the facts. The article argues that these propositions are neither substantiated in existing law, nor can they be said to be matters of the progressive development of the law. For this, the article analyses instances where statehood was allegedly recognized prior to the consolidation of effective control and which are cited as reflecting the propositions. It shows that these instances do not support the propositions. With respect to the second proposition, the article argues that it is inadvisable as lex ferenda, nor applicable in the Palestine case.
Genetics and genomics of root system variation in adaptation to drought stress in cereal crops
Authors: Siddiqui Md Nurealam , Léon Jens , Naz Ali A , Ballvora Agim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cereals are important crops worldwide that help meet food demands and nutritional needs. In recent years, cereal production has been challenged globally by frequent droughts and hot spells. A plant’s root is the most relevant organ for the plant adaptation to stress conditions, playing pivotal roles in anchorage and the acquisition of soil-based resources. Thus, dissecting root system variations and trait selection for enhancing yield and sustainability under drought stress conditions should aid in future global food security. This review highlights the variations in root system attributes and their interplay with shoot architecture features to face water scarcity and maintain thus yield of major cereal crops. Further, we compile the root-related drought responsive quantitative trait loci/genes in cereal crops including their interspecies relationships using microsynteny to facilitate comparative genomic analyses. We then discuss the potential of an integrated strategy combining genomics and phenomics at genetic and epigenetic levels to explore natural genetic diversity as a basis for knowledge-based genome editing. Finally, we present an outline to establish innovative breeding leads for the rapid and optimized selection of root traits necessary to develop resilient crop varieties.
CCA-Addition Gone Wild: Unusual Occurrence and Phylogeny of Four Different tRNA Nucleotidyltransferases in Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Erber Lieselotte , Betat Heike , Mörl Mario 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
tRNAs are important players in the protein synthesis machinery, where they act as adapter molecules for translating the mRNA codons into the corresponding amino acid sequence. In a series of highly conserved maturation steps, the primary transcripts are converted into mature tRNAs. In the amoebozoan Acanthamoeba castellanii, a highly unusual evolution of some of these processing steps was identified that are based on unconventional RNA polymerase activities. In this context, we investigated the synthesis of the 3′-terminal CCA-end that is added posttranscriptionally by a specialized polymerase, the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase (CCA-adding enzyme). The majority of eukaryotic organisms carry only a single gene for a CCA-adding enzyme that acts on both the cytosolic and the mitochondrial tRNA pool. In a bioinformatic analysis of the genome of this organism, we identified a surprising multitude of genes for enzymes that contain the active site signature of eukaryotic/eubacterial tRNA nucleotidyltransferases. In vitro activity analyses of these enzymes revealed that two proteins represent bona fide CCA-adding enzymes, one of them carrying an N-terminal sequence corresponding to a putative mitochondrial target signal. The other enzymes have restricted activities and represent CC- and A-adding enzymes, respectively. The A-adding enzyme is of particular interest, as its sequence is closely related to corresponding enzymes from Proteobacteria, indicating a horizontal gene transfer. Interestingly, this unusual diversity of nucleotidyltransferase genes is not restricted to Acanthamoeba castellanii but is also present in other members of the Acanthamoeba genus, indicating an ancient evolutionary trait.
CellMiner Cross-Database (CellMinerCDB) version 1.2: Exploration of patient-derived cancer cell line pharmacogenomics
Authors: Luna Augustin , Elloumi Fathi , Varma Sudhir , Wang Yanghsin , Rajapakse Vinodh N , Aladjem Mirit I , Robert Jacques , Sander Chris , Pommier Yves , Reinhold William C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCellMiner Cross-Database (CellMinerCDB, discover.nci.nih.gov/cellminercdb) allows integration and analysis of molecular and pharmacological data within and across cancer cell line datasets from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Broad Institute, Sanger/MGH and MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). We present CellMinerCDB 1.2 with updates to datasets from NCI-60, Broad Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Sanger/MGH, and the addition of new datasets, including NCI-ALMANAC drug combination, MDACC Cell Line Project proteomic, NCI-SCLC DNA copy number and methylation data, and Broad methylation, genetic dependency and metabolomic datasets. CellMinerCDB (v1.2) includes several improvements over the previously published version: (i) new and updated datasets; (ii) support for pattern comparisons and multivariate analyses across data sources; (iii) updated annotations with drug mechanism of action information and biologically relevant multigene signatures; (iv) analysis speedups via caching; (v) a new dataset download feature; (vi) improved visualization of subsets of multiple tissue types; (vii) breakdown of univariate associations by tissue type; and (viii) enhanced help information. The curation and common annotations (e.g. tissues of origin and identifiers) provided here across pharmacogenomic datasets increase the utility of the individual datasets to address multiple researcher question types, including data reproducibility, biomarker discovery and multivariate analysis of drug activity.
Vape Shop Employees: Do They Act as Smoking Cessation Counselors?
Authors: Galimov Artur , Meza Leah , Unger Jennifer B , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Cruz Tess Boley , Sussman Steve 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
This study examined smoking cessation advice offered by vape shop employees, as well as their perceived awareness of vaping research.

Aims and Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 121 vape shops in the Greater Los Angeles area of Southern California in four multiethnic communities (Hispanic/Latino, African American, Korean/Asian, and non-Hispanic White). A 35-minute interview assessed the employee’s tobacco product use, perceptions of vaping research, and experience advising customers to quit cigarette smoking.

Results
Among 121 vape shop employees surveyed, 106 (88%) reported that they provided smoking cessation advice or counseling to customers. Nearly half (45%) reported having no vaping-related research knowledge, while 30% were aware of provaping studies only. Approximately 85% of employees had quit cigarettes by switching to e-cigarettes instead, whereas 15% were dual users. Only 49% believed that vaping products contribute to nicotine addiction among youth. Those who provided advice on quitting cigarette smoking reported significantly lower knowledge of e-cigarette research than those who did not provide advice (p &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Most vape shop employees provide advice to customers who desire to quit cigarette smoking and initiate electronic cigarette use. However, they report a low level of awareness about e-cigarette research. Future research is warranted to examine the specifics of advice provided by vape shop employees. Training programs for vape shop employees and educational campaigns about evidence-based scientific findings on vaping may be beneficial.

Implications
Almost nine out of 10 surveyed vape shop employees offered cigarette smoking cessation advice to their customers, while almost half of the retailers report not being aware of any vaping-related research studies. Providing employees with training on evidence-based cessation advice could help protect customers. Also, training programs for vape shop employees and educational campaigns about the risk of nicotine addiction could potentially increase their motivation to avoid sales to minors and to warn adults about nicotine addiction.
Educational intervention for increasing knowledge of human papillomavirus and vaccination amongst parents of first year high school students in Croatia
Authors: Belavic Anja , Pavic Simetin Ivana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Croatia, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine became available through a publicly funded national programme during the 2015/2016 school year among boys and girls in the first year high school. Improved parental awareness of HPV and vaccination could help increase the uptake of the vaccination. The primary aim of this study is to establish the importance of educating parents for a greater response to the voluntary vaccination.

Methods
Parents of students in the first year of high school evaluated the educational lessons in the spring of 2016 in 11 counties coordinated by the Croatian Institute of Public Health: total of 36 doctors from 11 counties. Statistical significance was tested using chi-squared test.

Results
In total, 3350 evaluations were submitted (82.7%). Parents with a positive attitude towards vaccination following the education more often stated the lesson contributed to this attitude than parents with a negative attitude (P &lt; 0.001). Results show that counties with highest attendance had highest rates of vaccination (Sisačko-moslovačka 1.74 highest and Dubrovačko-Neretvanska 0.03 lowest).

Conclusion
Our study shows that parents have the impression an educational lesson can contribute to the development of their positive attitude towards vaccination. Further research should be aimed at disparities and how to target these with appropriate interventions.
Late Follicular Phase Progesterone Elevation During Ovarian Stimulation Is Not Associated With Decreased Implantation of Chromosomally Screened Embryos in Thaw Cycles
Authors: Hernandez-Nieto Carlos , Lee Joseph A. , Alkon-Meadows Tamar , Luna-Rojas Martha , Mukherjee Tanmoy , Copperman Alan B. , Sandler Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2020;35:1889–1899)
Although the physiologic mechanism remains unclear, late follicular phase progesterone elevation (LFPE) commonly occurs during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for assisted-reproductive technology (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Late follicular phase progesterone elevation has been associated with patient body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, ovarian reserve metrics, ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins, number of follicles recruited during COH, dosage/duration of stimulation cycles, and other factors.
Antenatal Detection of Fetal Growth Restriction and Risk of Stillbirth: Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Ego A. , Monier I. , Skaare K. , Zeitlin J. 
Published: October 2020

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020;55:613–620)
One strategy to decrease the risk of stillbirth is early detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Yet, antenatal screening for FGR is inconsistent in clinical practice and only detects 10% to 36% of infants who are born small for gestational age (SGA) (birth weight < 10th percentile).
Rapid Systemwide Implementation of Outpatient Telehealth in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Esper Gregory J. , Sweeney Robert L. , Winchell Emmeline , Duffell J. Michael , Kier Sarah C. , Lukens Hallie W. , Krupinski Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2020

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The COVID-19 pandemic, with its resultant social distancing, has disrupted the delivery of healthcare for both patients and providers. Fortunately, changes to legislation and regulation in response to the pandemic allowed Emory Healthcare to rapidly implement telehealth care. Beginning in early March 2020 and continuing through the initial 2-month implementation period (when data collection stopped), clinicians received telehealth training and certification. Standard workflows created by means of a hub-and-spoke operational model enabled rapid sharing and deployment of best practices throughout the system’s physician group practice. Lean process huddles facilitated successful implementation. In total, 2,374 healthcare professionals, including 986 attending physicians, 416 residents and fellows, and 555 advanced practice providers, were trained and certified for telehealth; 53,751 new- and established-patient audio–video telehealth visits and 10,539 established-patient telephone visits were performed in 8 weeks for a total of 64,290 virtual visits. This initiative included a new COVID-19 virtual patient clinic that saw 705 patients in a 6-week period. A total of $14,662,967 was charged during this time; collection rates were similar to in-person visits. Initial patient satisfaction scores were equivalent to in-person visits. We conclude that rapid deployment of virtual visits can be accomplished through a structured, organized approach including training, certification, and Lean principles. A hub-and-spoke model enables bidirectional feedback and timely improvements, thus facilitating swifter implementation and a quick rise in patient volume. Financial sustainability is achievable, but to sustain that, telehealth requires the support of continued deregulation by legislative and regulatory bodies.