bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China’s Responses to the US War on Terror: A Perspective and Agenda of Internet Geopolitics
Authors: An Ning 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDrawing on ‘popular geopolitics’ and ‘Internet geopolitics’, this study examines China’s responses to the US war on terror by comparing print narratives with Internet discussions. The results indicate that Chinese print media embraces a different but unanimous narrative strategy than the Anglo‐American discourses on the war on terror, which rejects a binary construction between terrorism and the US but instead portrays both as playing violent and immoral roles. This study also finds that Internet discussion has greatly challenged such geopolitical expression, which is reflected in the emergence of both resistant and ensemble discourses in the online community. These findings demonstrate that the Internet as a new type of information technology has changed the organisation and expression of geopolitical power and incorporates broader actors into its structure. It is valid and necessary to look at the Internet as an important variable affecting the current geopolitical landscape. In this sense, this paper enriches the literature of critical geopolitics and, to a notable extent, signifies a broader agenda for Internet geopolitics.
Trade liberalisation with mobile capital and firm heterogeneity
Authors: Yang Xi , Zeng Dao‐Zhi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a general equilibrium model that captures the delocation of firms, imbalance of trade in goods and firm selection into export markets. We show that, in the presence of capital being mobile across countries and firms being heterogeneous in productivity, the spatial inequalities in wages and firm allocations are differently affected by trade liberalisation. We explore the welfare effects of trade through two channels: changes in the share of expenditure on domestic goods and factor price adjustments to the spatial reallocation of capital. Selection into export markets magnifies the impact of mobile capital on the welfare gains from trade.
Oxytocin receptors excite lateral nucleus of central amygdala by phospholipase Cβ‐ and protein kinase C‐dependent depression of inwardly rectifying K+channels
Authors: Hu Binqi , Boyle Cody A. , Lei Saobo 
Published: May 2020

Key pointsActivation of oxytocin receptors (OXTRs) facilitates neuronal excitability in rat lateral nucleus of central amygdala (CeL).OXTR‐induced excitation is mediated by inhibition of inwardly rectifying K+(Kir) channels.Phospholipase Cβ is necessary for OXTR‐mediated excitation of CeL neurons and depression of Kir channels.OXTR‐elicited depression of Kir channels and excitation of CeL neurons require the function of Ca2+‐dependent protein kinase C.AbstractOxytocin (OXT) is a nonapeptide that exerts anxiolytic effects in the brain. The amygdala is an important structure involved in the modulation of fear and anxiety. A high density of OXT receptors (OXTRs) has been detected in the capsular (CeC) and lateral (CeL) nucleus of the central amygdala (CeA). Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of OXTRs induces remarkable increases in neuronal excitability in the CeL/C. However, the signalling and ionic mechanisms underlying OXTR‐induced facilitation of neuronal excitability have not been determined. We found that activation of OXTRs in the CeL increased action potential firing frequency recorded from neurons in this region via inhibition of the inwardly rectifying K+channels. The functions of phospholipase Cβ and protein kinase C were required for OXTR‐induced augmentation of neuronal excitability. Our results provide a cellular and molecular mechanism whereby activation of OXTRs exerts anxiolytic effects.
Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure and Premixed Ratio on Mineral Diesel-Methanol Fueled Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Mode Combustion Engine
Authors: Singh Akhilendra Pratap , Sharma Nikhil , Satsangi Dev Prakash , Agarwal Avinash Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode combustion has attracted significant attention because of its superior engine performance and significantly lower emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) compared with conventional compression ignition (CI) mode combustion engines. In this experimental study, effects of fuel injection pressure (FIP) of high reactivity fuel (HRF) and premixed ratio of low reactivity fuel (LRF) were evaluated on a diesel-methanol fueled RCCI mode combustion engine. Experiments were performed in a single cylinder research engine at a constant engine speed (1500 rpm) and constant engine load (3 bar BMEP) using three different FIPs (500, 750, and 1000 bar) of mineral diesel and four different premixed ratios (rp = 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) of methanol. Results showed that RCCI mode resulted in more stable combustion compared with baseline CI mode combustion. Increasing FIP resulted in relatively higher knocking, but it reduced with increasing premixed ratio. Relatively higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of RCCI mode combustion compared with baseline CI mode combustion is an important finding of this study. BTE increased with increasing FIP of mineral diesel and increasing premixed ratio of methanol. Relatively dominant effect of increasing FIP on BTE at higher premixed ratios of methanol was also an important finding of this study. RCCI mode combustion resulted in higher carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, but lower PM and NOx emissions compared with baseline CI mode combustion. Increasing FIP of HRF at lower premixed ratios reduced the number concentration of particles; however, effect of FIP became less dominant at higher premixed ratios. Relatively higher number emissions of nanoparticles at higher FIPs were observed. Statistical and qualitative correlations exhibited the importance of suitable FIP at different premixed ratios of LRF on emission characteristics of RCCI mode combustion engine.
Improved Method for the Estimation of Minimum Miscibility Pressure for Pure and Impure CO2–Crude Oil Systems Using Gaussian Process Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ekechukwu Gerald Kelechi , Falode Olugbenga , Orodu Oyinkepreye David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is one of the critical parameters needed in the successful design of a miscible gas injection for enhanced oil recovery purposes. In this study, we explore the capability of using the Gaussian process machine learning (GPML) approach, for accurate prediction of this vital property in both pure and impure CO2-injection streams. We first performed a sensitivity analysis of different kernels and then a comparative analysis with other techniques. The new GPML model, when compared with previously published predictive models, including both correlations and other machine learning (ML)/intelligent models, showed superior performance with the highest correlation coefficient and the lowest error metrics.
Two-year interim safety results of the 0.2 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema: the observational PALADIN study
Authors: Mansour Sam E , Kiernan Daniel F , Roth Daniel B , Eichenbaum David , Holekamp Nancy M , Kaba Samer , Werts Erica 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe 0.2 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant delivers continuous, low-dose, intravitreal corticosteroid for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DMO). This ongoing, 3-year, observational clinical trial provides long-term, ‘real-world’ safety results for the FAc implant in DMO.MethodsThis 24-month interim analysis of a prospective, observational study investigated patients with DMO receiving the commercially available intravitreal 0.2 µg/day FAc implant. The primary outcome was incidence of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering procedures. Other IOP-related signals and their relationship to previous corticosteroid exposure, best-corrected visual acuity, central subfield thickness (CST), ocular adverse events and frequency of other treatments were also measured.ResultsData were collected from 95 previously steroid-challenged patients (115 study eyes) for up to 36 months pre-FAc and 24 months post-FAc implant. Mean IOP for the overall population remained stable post-FAc compared with pre-FAc implant. IOP-related procedures remained infrequent (two IOP-lowering surgeries pre-FAc; two trabeculoplasties and four IOP-lowering surgeries post-FAc). Mean visual acuity was stable post-FAc (mean improvement of 1–3 letters) and fewer DMO treatments were required per year following FAc implant. Mean CST was significantly reduced at 24 months post-FAc implant (p<0.001) and the percentage of patients with CST ≤300 µm was significantly increased (p=0.041).ConclusionFew IOP-related procedures were reported during the 24 months post-FAc implant. Positive efficacy outcomes were noted after treatment, with stabilisation of vision and reduction in inflammation, demonstrated by CST. The FAc implant has a favourable benefit–risk profile in the management of DMO, especially when administered after a prior steroid challenge.Trial registration numberNCT02424019.
Prevalence of drop-out from organised extracurricular sports and associations with body fat percentage during childhood and adolescence
Authors: Vella Stewart A , Schweickle Matthew J , Sutcliffe Jordan T 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThis paper aimed to report the prevalence of drop-out from organised sports between the ages of 10 and 14 years, and to examine potential associated detriments to levels of body fat.MethodsAll data were drawn from waves 4–6 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants’ sport participation was parent reported and body fat percentage was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A total of 4159 participants had sports participation data at age 10 years (M=10.32 years, SD=4.68).ResultsFrom 3013 sport participants at age 10 years, 29.7% (n=894) had dropped out of sports at age 12 years. Of 2016 sport participants at age 12 years, 33.3% (n=705) had dropped out of sports by the age of 14 years. There were no differences in body fat percentage at any age according to differences in sport participation behaviours.ConclusionsBased on a high prevalence, drop-out from organised extracurricular sports during childhood and adolescence may be an important public health behaviour to consider. A solution-oriented approach to dropout from organised sports is recommended, but more evidence as to potential health detriments is needed using high-quality research designs.
Longitudinal associations between loneliness, social isolation and cardiovascular events
Authors: Bu Feifei , Zaninotto Paola , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association between loneliness, social isolation and cardiovascular disease (CVD), looking at both self-reported CVD diagnosis and CVD-related hospital admissions.MethodsData were derived from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing linked with administrative hospital records and mortality registry data. The analytical sample size was 5850 for the analysis of self-reported CVD and 4587 of CVD derived from hospital records, with a follow-up up to 9.6 years. Data were analysed using survival analysis, accounting for competing risks events.ResultsThe mean age was 64 years (SD 8.3). About 44%–45% were men. Within the follow-up, 17% participants reported having newly diagnosed CVD and 16% had a CVD-related hospital admission. We found that loneliness was associated with an increased risk of CVD events independent of potential confounders and risk factors. The hazard of people with the highest level of loneliness was about 30% higher for onset CVD diagnosis (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.09) and 48% higher for CVD-related hospital admissions (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.14), compared with the least lonely. There was little evidence that social isolation was independently associated with the risk of either CVD diagnosis or admission.ConclusionsOur findings provided strong evidence for the relationship between loneliness and cardiovascular events. Loneliness should be considered as a psychosocial risk factor for CVD in both research and interventions for cardiovascular prevention.
Endogenous TLR2 ligand embedded in the catalytic region of human cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1
Authors: Cho Seongmin , Kim Sang Bum , Lee Youngjin , Song Ee Chan , Kim Uijoo , Kim Hyeong Yun , Suh Ji Hun , Goughnour Peter C , Kim YounHa , Yoon Ina , Shin Na Young , Kim Doyeun , Kim Il-Kyu , Kang Chang-Yuil , Jang Song Yee , Kim Myung Hee , Kim Sunghoon 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses is required for successful cancer vaccine therapy. In this regard, ligands of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been suggested to activate adaptive immune responses by modulating the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Despite their therapeutic potential, the development of TLR ligands for immunotherapy is often hampered due to rapid systemic toxicity. Regarding the safety concerns of currently available TLR ligands, finding a new TLR agonist with potent efficacy and safety is needed.MethodsA unique structural domain (UNE-C1) was identified as a novel TLR2/6 in the catalytic region of human cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (CARS1) using comprehensive approaches, including RNA sequencing, the human embryonic kidney (HEK)-TLR Blue system, pull-down, and ELISA. The potency of its immunoadjuvant properties was analyzed by assessing antigen-specific antibody and CTL responses. In addition, the efficacy of tumor growth inhibition and the presence of the tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were evaluated using E.G7-OVA and TC-1 mouse models. The combined effect of UNE-C1 with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-CTLA-4 antibody, was also evaluated in vivo. The safety of UNE-C1 immunization was determined by monitoring splenomegaly and cytokine production in the blood.ResultsHere, we report that CARS1 can be secreted from cancer cells to activate immune responses via specific interactions with TLR2/6 of APCs. A unique domain (UNE-C1) inserted into the catalytic region of CARS1 was determined to activate dendritic cells, leading to the stimulation of robust humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo. UNE-C1 also showed synergistic efficacy with cancer antigens and checkpoint inhibitors against different cancer models in vivo. Further, the safety assessment of UNE-C1 showed lower systemic cytokine levels than other known TLR agonists.ConclusionsWe identified the endogenous TLR2/6 activating domain from human cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase CARS1. This novel TLR2/6 ligand showed potent immune-stimulating activity with little toxicity. Thus, the UNE-C1 domain can be developed as an effective immunoadjuvant with checkpoint inhibitors or cancer antigens to boost antitumor immunity.
Phase I study of bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein targeting TGF-β and PD-L1, in patients with pretreated biliary tract cancer
Authors: Yoo Changhoon , Oh Do-Youn , Choi Hye Jin , Kudo Masatoshi , Ueno Makoto , Kondo Shunsuke , Chen Li-Tzong , Osada Motonobu , Helwig Christoph , Dussault Isabelle , Ikeda Masafumi 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPatients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) have poor prognosis with few treatment options. Bintrafusp alfa, a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-βRII receptor (a TGF-β ‘trap’) fused to a human IgG1 antibody blocking programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has shown clinical efficacy in multiple solid tumors.MethodsIn this phase I, open-label trial expansion cohort, Asian patients with BTC whose disease progressed after first-line chemotherapy received bintrafusp alfa 1200 mg every 2 weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. The primary endpoint is safety/tolerability, while the secondary endpoints include best overall response per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.ResultsAs of August 24, 2018, 30 patients have received bintrafusp alfa for a median of 8.9 (IQR 5.7–32.1) weeks; 3 patients remained on treatment for >59.7 weeks. Nineteen (63%) patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), most commonly rash (17%), maculopapular rash and fever (13% each), and increased lipase (10%). Eleven (37%) patients had grade ≥3 TRAEs; three patients had grade 5 events (septic shock due to bacteremia, n=1; interstitial lung disease (reported term: interstitial pneumonitis), n=2). The objective response rate was 20% (95% CI 8 to 39) per independent review committee (IRC), with five of six responses ongoing (12.5+ to 14.5+ months) at data cut-off. Two additional patients with durable stable disease had a partial response per investigator. Median progression-free survival assessed by IRC and overall survival were 2.5 months (95% CI 1.3 to 5.6) and 12.7 months (95% CI 6.7 to 15.7), respectively. Clinical activity was observed irrespective of PD-L1 expression and microsatellite instability-high status.ConclusionsBintrafusp alfa had clinical activity in Asian patients with pretreated BTC, with durable responses. Based on these results, bintrafusp alfa is under further investigation in patients with BTC (NCT03833661andNCT04066491).Trial registration numberNCT02699515.
Translating “protein foods” from the new Canada’s Food Guide to consumers: knowledge gaps and recommendations
Authors: Fernandez Melissa A. , Bertolo Robert F. , Duncan Alison M. , Phillips Stuart M. , Elango Rajavel , Ma David W.L. , Desroches Sophie , Grantham Andrea , House James D. 
Published: May 2020

The revised version of Canada’s Food Guide, released in January 2019, issued new guidance by combining meat and alternatives with milk and alternatives into a single group called “protein foods” and emphasized selecting plant-based foods from this category more often. Though the changes represent a simple depiction of a healthy plate, the new Food Guide has opened knowledge gaps about protein foods and exposed new concerns about the interpretation and implementation of the Food Guide among vulnerable groups, particularly children and the elderly. To address key knowledge and research gaps, nutrition leaders need to reach a consensus on key messages to best inform the development of tools and resources to support practitioners in translating messages to consumers, including foodservice standards. Among consumers, families with young children are a primary target for these resources as they develop their life-long habits to ensure they have the knowledge and skills to select, prepare, and consume nutrient-rich protein foods. The new Food Guide provides an opportunity to address the existing knowledge gaps, develop tools and resources to support health professionals, and design interventions that will help Canadian families choose, prepare, and eat nutrient-rich protein foods. Novelty An updated Canadian regulatory framework is needed for protein labelling and content/health claims. There are knowledge gaps about protein foods consumption and food literacy needed to optimize nutritional health. Mandatory nutrition policies are needed to safeguard the provision of high-quality protein foods across institutions that serve children and older adults.
Dormancy breakage in Cercis chinensis seeds
Authors: Gao Yunpeng , Zhu Mingwei , Ma Qiuyue , Li Shuxian 
Published: May 2020

The seeds of Cercis chinensis Bunge are important for reproduction and propagation, but strong dormancy controls their germination. To elucidate the causes of seed dormancy in C. chinensis, we investigated the permeability of the hard seed coat and the contribution of the endosperm to physical dormancy, and we examined the effect of extracts from the seed coat and endosperm. In addition, the effectiveness of scarification methods to break seed dormancy was compared. Cercis chinensis seeds exhibited physical and physiological dormancy. The hard seed coat played an important role in limiting water uptake, and the endosperm acted as a physical barrier that restricted embryo development in imbibed seeds. Germination percentage of Chinese cabbage [Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt] seeds was reduced from 98% (control) to 28.3% and 56.7% with a seed-coat extract and an endosperm extract, respectively. This demonstrated that both the seed coat and endosperm contained endogenous inhibitors, but the seed-coat extract resulted in stronger inhibition. Mechanical scarification, thermal scarification, and chemical scarification had positive effects on C. chinensis seed germination. Soaking non-scarified seeds in gibberellic acid (GA3) solution did not promote germination; however, treatment with exogenous GA3 following scarification significantly improved germination. The optimal method for promoting C. chinensis seed germination was soaking scarified seeds in 500 mg·L−1 GA3 for 24 h followed by cold stratification at 5 °C for 2 mo.
Fabrication of Biomass-Derived N, S Co-doped Carbon with Hierarchically Porous Architecture for High Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Jiang Minhua , Yu Xiaofang , Gao Ruirui , Yang Tao , Xu Zhaoxiu , Cao Lihua 
Published: May 2020

Multi-element doped porous carbon materials are considered as one of the most promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their large specific surface area, abundant mesoporous structure, heteroatom doping and good conductivity. Herein, we propose a very simple and effective strategy to prepare nitrogen, sulfur co-doped hierarchical porous carbons (N-S-HPC) by one-step pyrolysis strategy. The effect of sole dopants as a precursor was a major factor in the transformation process. The optimized N-S-HPC-2 possesses a typical hierarchically porous framework (micropores, mesopores and macropores) with a large specific surface area (1284.87[Formula: see text]m2 g[Formula: see text] and N (4.63 atomic %), S (0.53 atomic %) doping. As a result, the N-S-HPC-2 exhibits excellent charge storage capacity with a high gravimetric capacitance of 360[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] (1 [Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text] in three-electrode systems and 178[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] in two-electrode system and long-term cycling life with 87% retention after 10,000 cycles in KOH electrolyte.
Nanoflake assembled hierarchical porous flower-like α-Fe2O3 with large specific surface area for enhanced acetone sensing
Authors: Zhang Jianxia , Liu Li , Tang Xiaonian , Sun Dan , Tian Chunxia , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2020

High porosity [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 has attracted a lot of attention due to its exceptional structure. In this paper, nanoflake assembled hierarchical porous flower-like [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 was prepared by hydrothermal and calcination methods without any additional templates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological characterization results show that with the increase of calcination temperature (400∘C, 450∘C, 500∘C, 550∘C, 600∘C), pores appeared. However, the results of nitrogen adsorption show that the specific surface area of the [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 reaches the maximum value (52.19[Formula: see text]m2/g) when the calcination temperature is 500∘C. The gas sensing performance of flower-like [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 with different calcination temperature is compared, interestingly, with the increase of calcination temperature, the response of the samples increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum value (44.2–100 parts per million (ppm) acetone) when the calcination temperature was 500∘C. The minimum concentration for acetone was 200 ppb (response value is 2.0). Moreover, calcined at 500∘C, hierarchical porous [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 has a fast response recovery (4/25 s) and low working temperature (210∘C). These excellent gas sensing properties are mainly due to porous structure, large specific surface area, and oxygen vacancies on the surface, which make it a promising material for acetone sensors.