bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding multiple reading attitude profiles of Chinese adolescents and how they relate to reading outcomes
Authors: Wang Xiaocheng 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundWhile many researchers studying reading motivation and attitudes have taken a variable‐centred approach, few have employed a person‐centred analysis to examine profiles of reading attitudes and how they relate to reading outcomes.MethodsAs a person‐centred approach, cluster analysis was used to examine the multiple reading attitude profiles of 499 seventh‐grade to ninth‐grade Chinese adolescents. The effects of each attitude profile on reading outcomes, which include strategy use and language arts grades, were tested using a multivariate analysis of covariance.ResultsCluster analysis identified four profiles: engaged digital readers (positive attitudes towards both academic and recreational reading in digital medium), avid readers (positive attitudes towards all dimensions), engaged print readers (positive attitudes towards both academic and recreational reading in print medium) and recreational digital‐only readers (relatively average attitudes towards recreational digital reading but substantially lower attitudes towards the other three dimensions). Avid readers outperformed all other profiles regarding strategy use but were equally successful with engaged print readers in terms of language arts. Recreational digital‐only readers scored the lowest in both reading outcomes.ConclusionsChinese adolescents have multiple reading attitude profiles distinct in nature and in their relation to reading outcomes.
Impacts of agricultural price support policy on price variability and welfare: Evidence from China's soybean market
Authors: Wang Wenting , Wei Longbao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChina is a predominant soybean importer; thus, its domestic soybean policies have a large impact on world soybean market dynamics. We develop the first aggregate structural econometric model of China's soybean market and link it to the rest of the world (ROW), which allows us to analyze the impacts of China's soybean price support policy that ran from 2008 to 2013. We investigate the impacts of China's policy on the variability of their domestic and world soybean prices, and adopt a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the effects on distributional and aggregate welfare. Our results indicate: (a) after China's soybean price support policy, price transmission elasticity decreases, China's domestic price variability decreases, and world price variability increases; (b) China's producer surplus increases, consumer surplus decreases and the net welfare change in their domestic market is negative; and (c) although soybean exporting countries in the ROW experience significant welfare gains, the world net welfare change is negative.
Pilot drug and therapeutic committee programme in Sierra Leone: A descriptive mixed method study
Authors: Kabba John Alimamy , Koroma Mark Momoh , James Peter Bai , Kitchen Chenai , Xu Sen , Chang Jie , Saeed Amna , Malik Usman Rashid , Jiang Minghuan , Fang Yu 
Published: January 2021

AimsIrrational medicine use is a global crisis, but incidences are proportionately higher in low‐ and middle‐income countries such as Sierra Leone. This study explores the structure, functions and challenges of drug and therapeutics committees (DTCs), an intervention towards irrational medicine use recently piloted in Sierra Leone.MethodsA 2‐phase mixed‐method study design was used in this study. Firstly, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted on all pharmacists who have worked for at least 1 year in DTC‐piloted hospitals, using an online questionnaire to assess DTCs’ structure, indicators and challenges. In phase 2, all eligible pharmacists were invited for a semistructured online interview using the WhatsApp messaging application to get deeper insights into the key issues that emerged from the survey; however, only 5 of the 7 consented to participate. MS Excel 2019 and NVivo version 12 were respectively used for data management and analysis.ResultsA total of 6 survey responses and 5 interviews were included in the analysis. Participants are pharmacists from the 7 hospitals in Sierra Leone where DTC was piloted. Most DTCs are comprised of a minimum of 10 members consisting of both medical and hospital administrative staff. The main functions of DTCs are ensuring rational medicines use, monitoring and reporting adverse drug reactions. All 7 hospitals with established pilot DTCs have different subcommittees operating at varying functionality levels, ranging from effective to nonfunctional. The main challenges in DTC functions and maintenance are funding (n = 6), DTC decision implementation (n = 4), and unmotivated members (n = 4). Strategies suggested to improve DTCs at public hospitals and nationwide include resource allocation, monitoring and evaluating DTC functions and its members' capacity building.ConclusionDTCs present a compelling opportunity towards achieving rational medicines use at the hospital level in Sierra Leone. Nonetheless, the lack of funding and operational resources are significant limitations that must be noted by policymakers before expanding DTC programmes to other hospitals in Sierra Leone.
Efficacy and safety of malarial prophylaxis with mefloquine during pregnancy in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Labama Otuli Noël , Marini Djang'eing'a Roland , Losimba Likwela Joris , Bosenge Nguma Jean‐Didier , Maindo Alongo Mike‐Antoine , Ahuka Ona Longombe Albert , Mbutu Mango Bernard , M.N. Bono Diane , L. Mokili John , Manga Okenge Jean‐Pascal 
Published: January 2021

AimsKisangani is an area with intense malaria transmission and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance. Alternative antimalaria prophylaxis medication and protocols are needed, particularly with pregnant individuals. In this study, we compare the tolerance and effectiveness of mefloquine regimen as a split dose with a meal vs. sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for the intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant individuals in Kisangani.MethodsThis study was conducted from 15 May to 30 November 2019 as a single‐blind, randomized clinical trial comparing 2 regimens of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy. The first regimen consisted of 4 doses of sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine, and the second of 2 doses of mefloquine taken as a split dose with meal.ResultsThe occurrence of major or minor side‐effects among patients treated with mefloquine and those treated with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine were not statistically significant (major side effects: Fisher exact = 0.5014; minor side effects: P = .0961). Intermittent preventive treatment using mefloquine significantly reduced the risk of placental malaria (risk ratio [RR]: 0.4315, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2201–0.8460), maternal peripheral parasitaemia (RR: 0.4397, 95% CI: 0.2377–0.8132) and low birth weight (RR: 0.4708, 95% CI: 0.2455–0.9029).ConclusionSplitting dose and intake with a meal increased mefloquine tolerability while keeping its efficacy higher compared to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine. Intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy using mefloquine reduces the risk of placental malaria, maternal peripheral parasitaemia and low birth weight, compared to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine. Thus, mefloquine is a good alternative to intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy.
The Effect of Evidential Impact on Perceptual Probabilistic Judgments
Authors: Mangiarulo Marta , Pighin Stefania , Polonio Luca , Tentori Katya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a series of three behavioral experiments, we found a systematic distortion of probability judgments concerning elementary visual stimuli. Participants were briefly shown a set of figures that had two features (e.g., a geometric shape and a color) with two possible values each (e.g., triangle or circle and black or white). A figure was then drawn, and participants were informed about the value of one of its features (e.g., that the figure was a “circle”) and had to predict the value of the other feature (e.g., whether the figure was “black” or “white”). We repeated this procedure for various sets of figures and, by varying the statistical association between features in the sets, we manipulated the probability of a feature given the evidence of another (e.g., the posterior probability of hypothesis “black” given the evidence “circle”) as well as the support provided by a feature to another (e.g., the impact, or confirmation, of evidence “circle” on the hypothesis “black”). Results indicated that participants’ judgments were deeply affected by impact, although they only should have depended on the probability distributions over the features, and that the dissociation between evidential impact and posterior probability increased the number of errors. The implications of these findings for lower and higher level cognitive models are discussed.
Stem cell therapies in cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Sun Jessica M , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: January 2021

Across disciplines, there is great anticipation that evolving cell therapies may finally provide a therapeutic option for conditions in dire need. These conditions are typically complex and their pathophysiology incompletely understood, hindering the development of robust preclinical models and the precise assessment of therapeutic effects in human studies. This article provides an overview of the status of cell therapy investigations in two common neurodevelopmental disorders, cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder. Challenges facing this line of study, including inherent heterogeneity, knowledge gaps, and unrealistic expectations, are discussed. Much progress has been made in the past decade, but to definitively determine if cell therapies have a role in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, both fields will need to evolve together.What this paper adds

The safety profile of reported cell therapies in children with neurodevelopmental disorders is encouraging.

Efficacy trials in cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder are ongoing in the United States and Asia.

Unresolved issues pertain to the properties of the cells being studied and the characteristics of the neurodevelopmental conditions themselves.
Morning Priming Exercise Strategy to Enhance Afternoon Performance in Young Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Donghi Federico , Rampinini Ermanno , Bosio Andrea , Fanchini Maurizio , Carlomagno Domenico , Maffiuletti Nicola A. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To compare the effects of different modalities of morning priming exercise on afternoon physical performance with the associated hormonal and psychophysiological responses in young soccer players. Methods: In a randomized counterbalanced crossover design, 12 young soccer players completed 3 different morning conditions on 3 different days: repeated-sprint running (6 × 40 m), easy exercise (4 × 12 fast half squats, 6 speed ladder drills, and 20-m sprints), and control (no exercise). Blood testosterone and cortisol concentrations were assessed upon arrival (approximately 8:30AM) and approximately 5 hours and 30 minutes later. Body temperature, self-reported mood, quadriceps neuromuscular function (maximal voluntary contraction, voluntary activation, rate of torque development, and twitch contractile properties), jump, and sprint performance were evaluated twice per day, while rating of perceived exertion, motivation, and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 (IR2) tests were assessed once per day. Results: Compared with the control, repeated-sprint running induced a possible positive effect on testosterone (+11.6%) but a possible to very likely negative effect on twitch contractile properties (−13.0%), jump height (−1.4%), and Yo-Yo IR2 (−7.1%). On the other hand, easy exercise had an unclear effect on testosterone (−3.3%), resulted in lower self-reported fatigue (−31.0%) and cortisol (−12.9%), and had a possible positive effect on the rate of torque development (+4.3%) and Yo-Yo IR2 (+6.5%) compared with the control. Conclusions: Players’ testosterone levels were positively influenced by repeated-sprint running, but this did not translate into better physical function, as both muscular and endurance performance were reduced. Easy exercise seemed to be suitable to optimize the physical performance and psychophysiological state of young soccer players.
Association between obesity and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in the middle-aged and elderly population of Southern and Northern China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qin Shan , Wang Anping , Gu Shi , Wang Weiqing , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xulei , Yan Li , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Qin Guijun , Chen Lulu , Ning Guang , Mu Yiming 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe relationship between obesity and albuminuria has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between obesity and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in Southern and Northern China.DesignA descriptive, cross-sectional study.SettingEight regional centres in REACTION (China’s Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals, a lONgitudinal study), including Dalian, Lanzhou, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, Guangxi, Luzhou, Shanghai and Wuhan.ParticipantsA total of 41 085 patients who were not diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and had good compliance were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Patients who were diagnosed with CKD, who had other kidney diseases that could lead to increased urinary protein excretion, who were using angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and whose important data were missing were excluded.ResultsParticipants with both, central and peripheral obesity, had a higher risk of elevated UACR, even after adjusting for multiple factors (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.12, p<0.001), and the risk of high UACR in the South was more prominent than that in the North (ORSouth: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.34; ORNorth: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.22, p<0.001). The risk was also elevated in the male population, hypertensive individuals, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)≥6.5% and age ≥60 years in the South. Besides the above groups, diabetes was also a risk factor for the Northern population.ConclusionsIn China, people with both central and peripheral obesity are prone to a high UACR, and the southern population has a higher risk than northern population. Factors such as male sex, hypertension, HbA1c≥6.5% and an age ≥60 years are also risk factors for CKD.
Rationale and design of the ADAPT-TAVR trial: a randomised comparison of edoxaban and dual antiplatelet therapy for prevention of leaflet thrombosis and cerebral embolisation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Park Hanbit , Kang Do-Yoon , Ahn Jung-Min , Kim Kyung Won , Wong Anthony Y T , Lam Simon C C , Yin Wei-Hsian , Wei Jeng , Lee Yung-Tsai , Kao Hsien-Li , Lin Mao-Shin , Ko Tsung-Yu , Kim Won-Jang , Kang Se Hun , Ko Euihong , Kim Dae-Hee , Koo Hyun Jung , Yang Dong Hyun , Kang Joon-Won , Jung Seung Chai , Lee Jae-Hong , Yun Sung-Cheol , Park Seung-Jung , Park Duk-Woo 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionOptimal antithrombotic strategy following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is still unknown. We hypothesised that the direct factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban can potentially prevent subclinical leaflet thrombosis and cerebral embolisation compared with conventional dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients undergoing TAVR.Methods and analysisThe ADAPT-TAVR trial is an international, multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial comparing edoxaban-based strategy and DAPT strategy in patients without an indication for oral anticoagulation who underwent successful TAVR. A total of 220 patients are randomised (1:1 ratio), 1–7 days after successful TAVR, to receive either edoxaban (60 mg daily or 30 mg daily if patients had dose-reduction criteria) or DAPT using aspirin (100 mg daily) plus clopidogrel (75 mg daily) for 6 months. The primary endpoint was an incidence of leaflet thrombosis on four-dimensional, volume-rendered cardiac CT imaging at 6 months post-TAVR. The key secondary endpoints were the number of new lesions and new lesion volume on brain diffusion-weighted MRI and the changes in neurological and neurocognitive function assessment between immediate post-TAVR and 6 months of study drug administration. Detailed clinical information on thromboembolic and bleeding events were also assessed.Ethics and disseminationEthic approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (approval number: 2017–1317) and this trial is also approved by National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation of Republic of Korea (approval number: 31511). Results of this study will be disseminated in scientific publication in reputed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03284827.
Cross-sectional study examining the status of intrinsic capacity decline in community-dwelling older adults in China: prevalence, associated factors and implications for clinical care
Authors: Ma Lina , Chhetri Jagadish K , Zhang Li , Sun Fei , Li Yun , Tang Zhe 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesIntrinsic capacity (IC) was proposed by the WHO as a new concept for capturing an individual’s functional capacities across their lifetime. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with IC decline and examine associations between IC and adverse outcomes among community-dwelling older adults in China.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingCommunity, China.ParticipantsData were derived from the China Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Study, a population-based nationally representative sample. IC comprises of five domains: locomotion, cognition, vitality, sensory and psychology. Participants were deemed to have IC decline if they showed a decline in any of the five domains. Sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes and adverse outcomes were also examined.ResultsOf the 5823 community-dwelling participants aged 60–98 years, 2506 had IC decline (weighted 39.9%): 57.7% in western, 38.3% in northern, 33.7% in northwest, 36.1% in middle, 16.9% in eastern and 19.8% in northeast China. The number of participants with decline in the locomotion, cognition, vitality, sensory and psychological domains were 1039 (17.8%), 646 (11.1%), 735 (12.6%), 824 (14.2%) and 713 (12.2%), respectively. Age, northern residence, low education, being unmarried, low income, less exercise, less meat intake, insomnia, memory loss, urinary incontinence, constipation, slowness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoarthritis were related to IC decline. After adjusting for age, sex, area, district, marriage, education, waist–hip ratio, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, income and chronic diseases, IC decline was independently associated with risk of frailty, disability, falls, fractures and immobility.ConclusionThe prevalence of IC decline in China is high. IC decline was significantly associated with adverse outcomes, after adjustment for related variables. Efforts promoting IC to delay functional dependence should focus on modifiable factors, including negative social factors, poor lifestyle, chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes.
Specialised outpatient paediatric palliative care team–parent collaboration: narrative interviews with parents
Authors: Schütze Dania , Engler Fabian , Ploeger Cornelia , Ulrich Lisa-R , Hach Michaela , Seipp Hannah , Kuss Katrin , Bösner Stefan , Gerlach Ferdinand M , van den Akker Marjan , Erler Antje , Engler Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveIn Germany, children with life-limiting conditions and complex symptoms are eligible for specialised outpatient palliative care (SOPC). In the federal state of Hesse, SOPC for children (SOPPC) is delivered by teams with paediatric expertise. While burdened by the life-limiting condition of their child, parents must also fulfill their roles as main care providers and decision makers. Collaboration between parents and SOPPC teams is important, as the intermittent care and uncertainty it entails often lasts for several months or years. We explored parents’ experiences and their demands of collaboration with SOPPC teams.MethodsWe conducted nine narrative interviews with 13 parents of children and adolescents with life-limiting conditions and used a grounded theory approach to analyse interview data.ResultsParents stressed the importance of paediatric expertise, honesty, psychosocial support, an individualised approach, experience of self-efficacy and the need to be recognised as experts for their children. The narrative interviews showed that collaboration between parents and SOPPC teams was characterised by parents’ need for specialised professional assistance and their simultaneous empowerment by SOPPC teams.ConclusionsParents’ perceptions of what good collaboration with SOPPC teams entails are manifold. To meet these complex needs, SOPPC requires time and specialised expertise.
Skin-to-Skin Care by Mother vs. Father for Preterm Neonatal Pain: A Randomized Control Trial (ENVIRON Trial)
Authors: Shukla Vivek Vishwanath , Chaudhari Anal Jitendrakumar , Nimbalkar Somashekhar Marutirao , Phatak Ajay Gajanan , Patel Dipen Vasudev , Nimbalkar Archana Somashekhar 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To compare skin-to-skin care (SSC) given by mother and father for preterm neonatal pain control by premature infant pain profile (PIPP) score. Methods. 64 stable preterm (28-36 weeks gestational age) neonates born at a level-3 neonatal intensive care unit were included in the trial. Random allocation with the help of a computer-generated sequence was done. In group A, SSC was given by the mother 15 minutes before the first heel-stick, and subsequently, SSC was given by the father before the second heel-stick. In group B, the sequence of SSC provider was reversed. Blinded PIPP score assessment at 0, 1, and 5 minutes of heel-stick were done by two independent assessors using video recording. Results. The mean (SD) birth weight was 1665.18 (339.35) grams, and mean (SD) gestational age was 34.28 (2.24) weeks. The PIPP score at 0, 1, and 5 minutes had no statistical or clinically significant differences between both groups (PIPP score mean (SD) at

0

minute
=
3.20

(1.11) vs. 3.01 (1.29),

p

value = 0.38;

1

minute
=
8.59

(4.27) vs. 8.26 (4.08),

p

value = 0.66;

5

minutes
=
3.79

(1.40) vs. 3.93 (1.99),

p

value = 0.65 in SSC by mother and father group, respectively). Furthermore, there was no statistical difference between the groups for any components of the PIPP score (all

p

values > 0.05). The PIPP score at 5 minutes almost attained the 0-minute level in both the groups. Conclusion. Father is as effective as the mother for providing skin-to-skin care for preterm neonatal pain control. This trial is registered with CTRI/2018/01/016783.