bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac failure in patients treated with azacitidine, a pyrimidine analogue: Case reports and disproportionality analyses in Vigibase
Authors: Perino Justine , Mottal Nathan , Bohbot Yohann , Servant Vincent , Berroneau Aude , Poustis Pierre , Fenaux Pierre , Laribi Kamel , Charbonnier Aude , Bilion Emilien , Calmettes Claire , Bégaud Bernard , Pigneux Arnaud , Milpied Noël , Miremont‐Salamé Ghada , Théophile Hélène , Dimicoli‐Salazar Sophie 
Published: January 2020

AimsAzacitidine (AZA), a pyrimidine analogue, is validated for high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome or low‐blast acute myeloid leukaemia in unfit patients for more intensive treatment. This study assessed the putative link between cardiac failure (CF) and AZA exposure.MethodsCases of CF in patients treated with AZA were retrospectively collected and described from several centres of the Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies. A description analysis and a disproportionality analysis using Vigibase, the WHO Global Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) database, were conducted on ICSRs by the Standardized MedDRA Queries (SMQ broad) cardiac failure and by preferred terms cardiac failure and cardiac failure acute. The reported odds ratio (ROR) and its 95% 2‐sided confidence interval was computed by comparing the proportion of CF reports with the suspected drug (AZA) and the proportion of reports of the same adverse drug reaction with all other suspected drugs in the database during the same period.ResultsIn the 4 case reports, all patients presented a cardiovascular history. In 1 patient, CF recurred after AZA re‐challenge. The pharmacovigilance analysis in Vigibase retrieved 307 ICSRs of CF (SMQ) with AZA. Significant disproportionality signals associated with AZA were identified by using the SMQ cardiac failure (ROR 1.3) and the preferred terms cardiac failure (ROR 5.1) and cardiac failure acute (ROR 23.2).ConclusionThis study points to the potential role of AZA in the occurrence of CF. Cardiac evaluation before AZA initiation and regular monitoring of cardiac function during AZA treatment should be performed in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease.
A relativistic approach to moral judgment in individuals: Review and reinterpretation
Authors: Mudrack Peter E. , Mason E. Sharon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn Ethics Position Theory, relativism is the degree to which people believe that universal moral rules should not always be applied unwaveringly. Researchers often predict that highly relativistic individuals are characterized by questionable ethics given their ostensible self‐interested “anything goes” approach. Corroborating evidence for such predictions, however, remains elusive. This paper suggested that high relativists are perhaps not unethical, and reviewed four decades of relevant literature in order to clarify the meaning and implications of the relativism construct. The portrait of relativism that emerged is often contrary to prevalent expectations. Relativistic individuals seem tolerant of ambiguity, open to experience, non‐authoritarian, accepting of others with different backgrounds and lifestyles, and troubled by injustice. No persuasive evidence of questionable ethics is available. These findings have profound implications for managerial practice and suggest that highly relativistic employees may be among the most valuable. Future research grounded in an understanding of what relativism is rather than what it should be has the potential to allow a deeper understanding of this important construct to emerge. We also explore possible reasons why an inaccurate narrative about relativistic orientations may have emerged and persisted among both researchers and people generally.
Trust and Workplace Performance
Authors: Addison John T. , Teixeira Paulino 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing European Company Survey data, this article explores the relationship between trust and establishment performance under works councils, on the one hand, and union bodies on the other. Trust is initially measured using the individual survey respondent's assessment of the ‘contribution’ of the other side. Although the rating of the employee representative is favoured over that of management as less subject to feedback from performance, the potential endogeneity of employee trust in management is also modelled. Next, a preferred inverse measure of trust (or dissonance) is constructed from the discrepancy between the assessments of the two sides of the quality of workplace industrial relations. Employee trust is associated throughout with improved establishment performance, and conversely for the dissonance counterpart. In their presence, neither type of workplace representation is superior to the other.
‘McDonald’s Is Good for My Social Life’. Developing Health Promotion Together with Adolescent Girls from Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods in Amsterdam
Authors: Lems Eva , Hilverda Femke , Sarti Asia , van der Voort Lisa , Kegel Amber , Pittens Carina , Broerse Jacqueline , Dedding Christine 
Published: January 2020

There is limited knowledge about key factors that enable adolescent girls with a low socioeconomic position (SEP) to adopt a healthy lifestyle. This paper aims to better understand the complexity of addressing health behaviour of adolescent girls with a low SEP by gaining insights into (i) the perspectives of adolescent girls with a low SEP (n = 26) on a healthy lifestyle, (ii) how to develop health promotion that fits these girls’ daily realities, by using participatory action research (PAR) in which girls developed health promotion materials. The study offers an understanding of girls’ daily lives and how health promotion could be improved.
“You Soak It up Like a Sponge”: Urban African American Teens’ Perceptions of the Determinants of Dating Abuse Perpetration and Victimization
Authors: Storer Heather L. , Madkour Aubrey Spriggs , Kendall Carl 
Published: January 2020

Background:African American (AA) teens endure disproportionately high rates of adolescent dating abuse (ADA). There is a limited understanding of the community–specific pathways that contribute to AA youth's higher risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate AA youths’ perspectives on the antecedents of ADA.Methods:Data were collected from interviews ( n = 38) with AA teens. Thematic content analysis was employed to identify primary themes across the interviews. Analysis involved multiple rounds of iterative coding and the clustering of thematic constructs.Results:Interview participants described individual–level and intergenerational explanations of ADA. The majority of participants could not identify community–level factors.Discussion and Implications:Dating abuse perpetration and victimization were positioned as the product of personal deficits and exposure to abuse in individuals’ family environments. These findings underscore how structural and systemic determinants of dating abuse have not been translated to youth's meaning–making processes regarding abuse. Implications for diversifying the public discourse on dating abuse will be discussed, and consciousness–raising on the influence of upstream determinants of abuse will be presented.
Esthetic evaluation of single implant restorations, adjacent single implant restorations, and implant‐supported fixed partial dentures: A 1‐year prospective study
Authors: Boon L. , De Mars G. , Favril C. , Duyck J. , Quirynen M. , Vandamme K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implant soft tissues esthetics varies and depends on the restoration type such as implant‐supported single crowns, adjacent multiple single crowns, and fixed partial dentures (FPD).PurposeThe aim of this prospective study was to assess the esthetic outcome of the peri‐implant soft tissues of (NobelBiocare™) implant‐supported single crowns, adjacent multiple single crowns, and FPD. A potential association between the esthetic risk profile and the esthetic outcome was assessed.Materials and methodsBetween 03/11 and 03/17, 300 NobelActive implants were installed in 153 partially edentulous patients. Prior to the fabrication of the final restoration, the esthetic risk profile (ERP) of the patient was determined. The pink esthetic score (PES) and white esthetic score (WES) were assessed by three investigators at 6 and 12 months post‐insertion of the final restoration. Patients' appreciation was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) at the 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe clinical acceptable limit for PES (≥6) was achieved in 56% to 68% of the single crowns at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Clinically unacceptable PES scores were recorded for 48% of the adjacent multiple single crowns and 63% of the FPDs at both time points. The association of a high ERP with WES and PESWES was noticed for single implant‐supported crowns. For the latter restoration type, a ≤5 mm distance between the crestal bone level and the proximal contact positively influenced the PES and combined PESWES scores. No correlation was found between PES or WES and patient satisfaction. Mesial papilla formation was more pronounced compared to the distal one for the single implant crowns and for implant‐supported FPD.ConclusionWhen high esthetic demands are expected, assessment of ERP prior to implant treatment is advised in order to estimate a realistic outcome.
Threshold‐automated CT measurements of muscle size and radiological attenuation in multiple lower‐extremity muscles of older individuals
Authors: Berg Hans E. , Truong Daniel , Skoglund Elisabeth , Gustafsson Thomas , Lundberg Tommy R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMuscle atrophy and fat infiltration, two indicators of deconditioning and weakness in elderly frail patients, are typically assessed by means of manual image analysis from computed tomography (CT) scans. As this time‐consuming image analysis limits its wider use in clinical studies, the use of tissue thresholds to semi‐automatically assess muscle composition has been suggested. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between manual and semi‐automated analysis of both cross‐sectional area (CSA) and radiological attenuation (RA), in multiple muscles of the lower extremities in aged (77 ± 6 years) sedentary individuals (n = 40). The participants underwent CT scans of their lower limbs, including hip, thigh and calf muscles. The subsequent analysis of CSA and RA was conducted using both manual segmentation and semi‐automatic thresholds (−30 to +150 Hounsfield units). Automated measurements were generally strongly correlated with manually encircled CSA in all muscle groups (R = 0.79–0.99, p < .05) and shortened the analysis time by 70% (p < .05). In m. iliopsoas, however, the CSA became overestimated (15%, p < .05) with thresholded measurements, while the assessment of both CSA and RA was underestimated in muscles with high‐fat content (i.e., the gluteal muscles) and in individuals with high‐fat infiltration. In conclusion, using the semi‐automated technique with conventional thresholds is a time‐saving method that delivers accurate gross size of the muscle groups, particularly in the thigh. However, caution should be exercised when using semi‐automated techniques for assessing CSA and fat infiltration in muscles with high‐fat content.
Pulmonary involvement in selected lysosomal storage diseases and the impact of enzyme replacement therapy: A state‐of‐the art review
Authors: Jezela‐Stanek Aleksandra , Chorostowska‐Wynimko Joanna , Tylki‐Szymańska Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are multisystemic, progressive and clinically very heterogeneous. Respiratory complications are not regarded as the principal problems of LSDs, but significantly impact morbidity. In this review, we focus on pulmonary complications observed in late‐onset LSDs, their milder forms that are recognised in adulthood. We also discuss the effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on the respiratory system in patients with particular LSDs. We searched the PubMed database, retrieving research papers on pulmonary complications of LSDs currently treated with ERT (the conditions are abbreviated GD3; NPDB; LOPD; MPS I, II, IVA, VI; and FD) and the effects of such treatment. Although some studies indicated that ERT was helpful in terms of reducing chest computed tomography abnormalities, infection frequency and organomegaly, the data are not conclusive, and the mechanism of action of ERT in the respiratory system remains unclear for some LSDs including late‐onset Pompe disease and Gaucher disease type III. The optimal timing of treatment for pre‐symptomatic or symptomatic patients, treatment duration and whether such treatment modulates inflammation (as has been suggested in patients with Fabry disease), remain to be explored.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration for diagnosing pancreatic mass in patients with surgically altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy
Authors: Tanaka Kazunari , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Utsunomiya Ran , Takigawa Yukiko , Kobayashi Yousuke , Nagai Kazumasa , Kin Toshifumi , Yane Kei , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Shinohara Toshiya , Katanuma Akio 
Published: January 2020

Background and aimsEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) has been established as a safe and accurate method for diagnosing a pancreatic mass; however, EUS‐FNA for patients with surgically altered upper gastrointestinal (UGI) anatomy has not yet been investigated sufficiently. Therefore, the feasibility and safety of EUS‐FNA in these patients were retrospectively investigated.MethodsPatients in whom EUS‐FNA was performed between March 2008 and April 2017 were retrospectively investigated in terms of EUS‐FNA technical success, procedure time, diagnostic accuracies of cytology and histology, and procedure‐related adverse events.ResultsTwenty‐five EUS‐FNAs were performed for 15 pancreatic body‐to‐tail and 10 head lesions. All patients underwent EUS‐FNA successfully; however, changing of the echoendoscope to a forward‐viewing echoendoscope and preplacement of a nasobiliary catheter by balloon‐assisted enteroscopy for guidance were needed in one and two cases, respectively. The median procedure time was 26 min (range, 16–70). The diagnostic accuracies were 76%, 84%, and 88% for cytology, histology, and combined use, respectively. Adverse events were not observed.ConclusionsEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided FNA is a safe and efficient method for diagnosing a pancreatic mass even in patients with surgically altered UGI anatomy. Nevertheless, some sophisticated techniques are required for pancreatic head lesions if reaching the duodenum after passing through the jejunal limb is required for visualization of the pancreatic mass.
Prediction and validation of exenatide risk marker effects on progression of renal disease: Insights from EXSCEL
Authors: Idzerda Nienke M. A. , Clegg Lindsay E. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Bakris George , Penland Robert C. , Boulton David W. , Bethel M. Angelyn , Holman Rury R. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo assess whether the previously developed multivariable risk prediction framework (PRE score) could predict the renal effects observed in the EXSCEL cardiovascular outcomes trial using short‐term changes in cardio‐renal risk markers.Materials and MethodsChanges from baseline to 6 months in HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin, total cholesterol, and new micro‐ or macroalbuminuria were evaluated. The renal outcomes were defined as a composite of a sustained 30% or 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Relationships between risk markers and long‐term renal outcomes were determined in patients with type 2 diabetes from the ALTITUDE study using multivariable Cox regression analysis, and then applied to short‐term changes in risk markers observed in EXSCEL to predict the exenatide‐induced impact on renal outcomes.ResultsCompared with placebo, mean HbA1c, BMI, SBP and total cholesterol were lower at 6 months with exenatide, as was the incidence of new microalbuminuria. The PRE score predicted a relative risk reduction for the 30% eGFR decline + ESRD endpoint of 11.3% (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.83–0.94), compared with 12.7% (HR 0.87; 0.77–0.99) observed risk reduction. For the 40% eGFR decline + ESRD endpoint, the predicted and observed risk reductions were 11.0% (HR 0.89; 0.82–0.97) and 13.7% (HR 0.86, 0.72–1.04), respectively.ConclusionsIntegrating short‐term risk marker changes into a multivariable risk score predicted the magnitude of renal risk reduction observed in EXSCEL.
A placebo‐controlled proof‐of‐concept study of alirocumab on postprandial lipids and vascular elasticity in insulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Burggraaf Benjamin , Pouw Nadine M.C. , Arroyo Salvador Fernández , van Vark‐van der Zee Leonie C. , van de Geijn Gert‐Jan M. , Birnie Erwin , Huisbrink Jeannine , van der Zwan Ellen M. , Mulder Monique T. , Rensen Patrick C.N. , de Herder Wouter W. , Cabezas Manuel Castro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) linked to atherogenic dyslipidaemia and postprandial hyperlipidaemia. Alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, improves CVD risk by reducing the concentration of low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C). However, effects of PCK9 inhibitors on other aspects of diabetic dyslipidaemia, particularly in the postprandial situation, are less clear.Material and MethodsTwelve male patients with T2DM on an intensive insulin regimen completed a 6‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, proof‐of‐concept study. Participants received three biweekly dosages of subcutaneous alirocumab (150 mg) or placebo. Before and after the intervention, fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG) plasma levels, apolipoprotein (apo) B48, lipoprotein composition isolated by ultracentrifugation, vascular function and markers of inflammation were evaluated.ResultsAlirocumab treatment reduced fasting plasma TG levels (between group median change −24.7%; P = 0.018) and fasting apoB48 serum levels (−35.9%; P = 0.039) compared with placebo. Alirocumab reduced the plasma TG area under the curve (AUC) (−26.4%; P = 0.006) and apoB48 AUC (−55.7%; P = 0.046), as well as plasma TG incremental AUC (−21.4%; P = 0.04) and apoB48 incremental AUC (−26.8%; P = 0.02). In addition, alirocumab reduced fasting and postprandial TG levels in very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL. Alirocumab improved fasting pulse wave velocity, but no changes in postprandial markers of inflammation were observed.ConclusionsIn addition to the well‐known LDL‐C‐reducing effects, 6 weeks of alirocumab treatment lowered both fasting and postprandial plasma TG levels by reducing the TG levels in VLDL and LDL and the concentration of intestinal remnants.
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function recovery post percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions in patients with low and mid‐range left ventricular ejection fractions
Authors: Samy Mohamed , El Awady Waleed Salem , Al‐Daydamony Mohammad Mustafa , Abd El Samei Magdy Mohammad , Shokry Khaled Abd El Azim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesCoronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a frequent condition encountered in cardiac catheterization laboratory with a prevalence of about 20%. Through literature, data are scarcely reported regarding the left ventricular (LV) function recovery post CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with low (<40%) and mid‐range (40%‐49%) LV ejection fraction (LVEF). The aim of this study was to assess the echocardiographic outcomes of CTO patients with low and mid‐range LVEF successfully revascularized at 6‐month follow‐up.MethodsThis prospective study included 75 patients with at least one CTO of an epicardial coronary artery proved by previous diagnostic coronary angiography with PCI attempt indication, and successfully revascularized. They were equally divided according to LVEF into three groups, and echocardiographic remodeling indices were assessed at baseline and 6 months post PCI.ResultsOur study showed significant improvement of LVEF, S‐wave velocity by tissue doppler imaging (TDI), LV wall‐motion score (LVWMS), and LV systolic sphericity index (LVSIS) 6 months post CTO PCI in low LVEF group, and a significant improvement in LVEF, S‐wave velocity, and LVWMS in mid‐range LVEF group (P < .05). The delta change in LVEF was significantly more in low LVEF group, compared to the other two groups (F = 4.739, P < .05).ConclusionSuccessful CTO PCI in patients with low and mid‐range LVEF is associated with significant improvement of LVEF and other indices of myocardial remodeling after 6 months of follow‐up.
A chemically triggered transition from conflict to cooperation in burying beetles
Authors: Chen Bo‐Fei , Liu Mark , Rubenstein Dustin R. , Sun Syuan‐Jyun , Liu Jian‐Nan , Lin Yu‐Heng , Shen Sheng‐Feng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough interspecific competition has long been recognised as a major driver of trait divergence and adaptive evolution, relatively little effort has focused on how it influences the evolution of intraspecific cooperation. Here we identify the mechanism by which the perceived pressure of interspecific competition influences the transition from intraspecific conflict to cooperation in a facultative cooperatively breeding species, the Asian burying beetle Nicrophorus nepalensis. We not only found that beetles are more cooperative at carcasses when blowfly maggots have begun to digest the tissue, but that this social cooperation appears to be triggered by a single chemical cue – dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) – emitted from carcasses consumed by blowflies, but not from control carcasses lacking blowflies. Our results provide experimental evidence that interspecific competition promotes the transition from intraspecific conflict to cooperation in N. nepalensis via a surprisingly simple social chemical cue that is a reliable indicator of resource competition between species.
Hyperlipidemia in patients newly treated with anticonvulsants: A population study
Authors: Mintzer Scott , Yi Misung , Hegarty Sarah , Maio Vittorio , Keith Scott 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of hyperlipidemia after first anticonvulsant treatment for seizures, using a large US administrative claims database.MethodsWe obtained data from the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases for 2005‐2009 for all adult patients newly treated with an anticonvulsant for seizures who had no previous history of hyperlipidemia or treatment with a lipid‐lowering agent. We divided the population based upon whether they were treated with an enzyme‐inducing anticonvulsant (phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone) or a noninducing anticonvulsant (all others). The primary outcome measure was a new diagnosis of hyperlipidemia during subsequent follow‐up. We accounted for a large number of demographic and clinical covariates.ResultsOf 11 374 subjects, 8778 (77%) were prescribed noninducers and 2596 (23%) were prescribed inducers. New hyperlipidemia diagnoses were seen in 14.6% of the patients started on inducing anticonvulsants and 10.7% of the patients started on noninducing anticonvulsants (P < .001). Both hyperlipidemia and the use of inducers were significantly associated with older age and male gender. After accounting for covariates, inducer prescription was still associated with 23% higher odds of a subsequent diagnosis of hyperlipidemia (odds ratio = 1.225, 95% confidence interval = 1.066‐1.408, P < .001).SignificanceThe use of enzyme‐inducing anticonvulsants in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy was associated with a significant increase in subsequent diagnoses of hyperlipidemia, suggesting that the lipid‐elevating properties of these agents are of genuine clinical importance. This adds to the body of data demonstrating that these agents are likely associated with additional hassle, cost, and morbidity.