bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observing European Union Rejection of Indonesia's Crude Palm Oil Exports from the Most Favored Nation and Quantitative Restriction Principles
Authors: KRUSTIYATI Atik , JANISRIWATI Sylvia , CHRISTINE Novela , HUDA Mokhamad  Khoirul 
Published: July 2020

Crude palm oil is one of the main commodities exported by Indonesia to several countries, including European Union. The European Union has pushed through several laws regarding climate change, including the Renewable Energy Directive II. The regulation supplementing the Renewable Energy Directive II has also been adopted by the European Commission, making the criteria for determining the high indirect land-use change-risk feedstock in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807. The objective of this paper is to observe if the measure taken by European Union on determining the indirect land-use change-risk feedstock has satisfied the existing WTO trade principles, the principle of most favored nation and the principle of quantitative restriction. The determining criteria in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807 is trade restrictive and discriminating to the export of crude palm oil, as crude palm oil is the only feedstock that falls under the criteria of high indirect land-use change-risk feedstock. The regulation has impact for the consumption of crude palm oil in Member states of European Union should be gradually reduced 0% by 2030 at the latest. As the provision on General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade embodies the principle of non-discrimination, the result of the study shows the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807 has violated the international trade principles. Furthermore, the general exceptions of GATT 1994 contained in Article XX (b) also doesn’t justify the measure.
Cryptocurrency as Object of Regulation by Public and Private Law
Authors: TSINDELIANI Imeda , EGOROVA Maria 
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to establish the legal status quo of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation. The hypothesis presented by this study requires a profound reference to existing and proposed legislation as well as to the statements of a number of international, supranational and national regulatory bodies.
This study uses qualitative research methods, and primarily consists of descriptive research. Doctrinal and comparative law research also lie at the very heart of this paper as they enable the author to identify, analyze and synthesize a number of foreign (incl. EU), and Russian laws. As a result, the emergence of new institutions and the modernization of existing ones, based on new technological breakthroughs, undoubtedly affect the already existing institutions that are under the influence of changes. Money, which is at the heart of finance, already loses its material forms of expression and regulating properties, alternative tools emerge in the economy that are ready to act as alternatives to this traditional institution. The alternative to money and monetary mechanisms will affect the basic instrument for regulating economic relations and the financial system of the state as a whole - a monopoly on the issue of currency. The nature of cryptocurrency, its features do not make it possible to attribute it entirely either to the means of payment, or to securities, or property. In the existing international community, cryptocurrency lacks a single focal point. Only a progressive view and modern legal regulation of cryptocurrency will create conditions for the development of legal and, most importantly, safe relations in the field of cryptocurrency.
Aspek Hukum Persetujuan Tindakan Medis (Inform Consent) Dalam pelayanan Kesehatan
Authors: Busro Achmad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract Approval of medical treatment (inform consent) in health services is a matter that must be carried out by doctors to patients in terms of legal aspects. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the implementation of the medical action agreement. So to note also the obstacles and solutions to overcome the implementation of health services to patients, so that there is a legal protection for both doctors and patients. Key Words : Inform Consent, Doctor, Patient Abstrak Persetujuan tindakan medis ( inform consent ) dalam pelayanan kesehatan merupakan suatu hal yang wajib dilakukan oleh dokter terhadap pasien ditinjau dari aspek hukumnya. Untuk itu perlu diperhatikan dalam implementasinya persetujuan tindakan medis itu. Jadi untuk diperhatikan pula hambatan dan solusi mengatasi dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan kepada pasien, sehingga terdapat adanya perlindungan hukum baik bagi dokter maupun pasien. Kata Kunci : Inform Consent, Dokter, Pasien
The relationships between dynamic balance and sprint, flexibility, strength, jump in junior soccer players
Authors: Kartal Alpaslan 
Published: July 2020

Background and Study Aim. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between sprint, flexibility, upper extremity strength and Star Excursion Balance Test performances in soccer players aged 12–14 years.
Material and Methods. Eighteen junior soccer players (mean age, 9.78 ± 1.6 years; height, 139.5 ± 11.0 cm; weight, 34.3 ± 9.9 kg; BMI, 17.3±2.9; leg length; 63.7±5.9 cm) participated in this study voluntarily. They were training 2 or 3 times a week with the addition of one match per month and none of them had reported injuries or diseases related to sports. After measuring the anthropometrics of the subjects, they were familiarized with the test procedures. Measurements included handgrip strength (HD), 30 sc. sit-ups (SU), standing long jump (SLJ), Countermovement jump (CMJ) and 20m-Sprint tests as independent variables, and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) as dependent variables. Then, statistical analysis was applied to the data transferred to SPSS 24.0 Packet program.
Results. The inconsistent correlations between variables of SEBT and selected parameters were found. The strongest significant relationships of the variables of SEBT with selected variables were observed between anterolateral (AL) and SU (r=646, p<0.05), and between posteromedial (PM) and Sprint (r=-650). No significant correlations were observed between variables of dynamic balance and CMJ, SLJ, Relative Handgrip Strength (RHS).
Conclusions. As a result, strength and power performances may not necessarily be related to impaired balance directly in young soccer men. Moreover, low back flexibility may have negative or positive influences on dynamic balance.
The effects of theraband training on respiratory parameters, upper extremity muscle strength and swimming performance
Authors: Yapıcı-Öksüzoğlu Ayşegül 
Published: July 2020

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks theraband training on respiratory parameters, upper extremity muscle strength and 50-100m swimming performance in swimming athletes.
Material and Methods. Totally 12 male swimmers participated voluntarily and were divided into two groups as control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=6). Control group did only swimming training, experimental group did theraband exercises in addition to swimming exercises. Respiratory parameters, upper extremity anaerobic performance, shoulder extension/flexion strength and swimming performance were measured. Mann Whitney-U Test was used to determine the differences between two groups. Wilcoxon Test was used to determine intra-group differences.
Results. There was no statistically significant difference between the pre and post-test values of respiratory parameters, anaerobic performance values and swimming measurements of the experimental groups (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between shoulder extension and flexion values (p<0.05). As for the statistical results between the pre and post-test values of the control group, no significant difference was found in any of the variables (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the post-test values ​​of the experimental and control groups shoulder extension and flexion values (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between respiratory function parameters, anaerobic performance values and 50-100m swimming degrees (p>0.05).
Conclusions. As a result of the findings, it can be said that theraband training which is done as a land work with swimming training leads to positive effects in the upper extremity muscle strength and swimming performance development of youth swimmers.
The role of chamber system in development of agricommerce in Serbia
Authors: Cukic Emil 
Published: July 2020

This research is carried out in order to be determined the role of Chamber system in development of agricommerce along with successful preparation of Serbia for EU accession. On February 28, 1857 Prince Aleksandar Karaðorðeviæ signed the Decree, called THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TRADE. By this Decree, the first BusinessAssociation in Serbia was constituted. Under the Law on retail stores passed in June 1910, the first chambers were established. Those were the following: • The Chamber of TRADE • The Chamber of CRAFTS • The Chamber of INDUSTRY • The Chamber ofWORKERS
Today, in conditions of economic and social reforms and transfer toward market oriented economy, chambers in Serbia chose to reconsider their role, by using experiences of chambers in countries with developed market economy.The chamber strives to be organized as independent, business oriented and expert association of economic operators. The structure of economy, from the aspect of important economic indicators (total revenue, profit), shows dominant share of manufacturing andagro-industry, trade, financial and other services sectors, transport, telecommunication, and construction industries. By generating over 30% of GDP and employment, Belgrade plays vital role in the economy of the whole Serbia. That is an advantage, but also the responsibility to constantly stimulate faster development and higher living standards by inciting the positive changes in economic and overall environment.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO SISTEMA PREVENTIVO DE DOM BOSCO PARA A PEDAGOGIA SOCIAL
Authors: Caliman Geraldo 
Published: July 2020

O artigo faz uma releitura do sistema educativo de Dom Bosco em base aos principios metodológicos da Educação Social e da projeção para a Educação no seculo XXI feita pela Unesco. Mais de cem anos antes, Dom Bosco sonhava com uma educação respeitosa de quatro principios educativos, baseados em uma dimensão afetivo-relacional, composta pela bondade, o carinho, a compreensão; uma dimensão racional e científica, cujos elementos principais são o principio da razoabilidade e da aquisição de competências para uma boa integração à sociedade; uma dimensão existencial, que reconhece a importancia de desenvolver o seu ser humano motivado por um projeto e por um sentido que não dispensam a transcendência da vida; uma dimensão tecnológica e profissional capaz de capacitar os individuos na sua integração e participação na sociedade; uma dimensão . A Unesco projetava nos anos 90 quatro dimensões a serem consideradas na educação do presente século, como pilares da educação que coincidem, respectivamente, ao aprender a conviver; aprender a conhecer; aprender a ser e aprender a fazer.
Implementasi Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, dan Budaya Organisasi Kaitannya dengan Profesionalisme Karyawan Tetap
Authors: Wardhana Aditya Wisnu , Sampeadi Sampeadi , Saleh Chairul 
Published: July 2020

This study has two objectives. First, describe the implementation of leadership, motivation, and organizational culture in relation to the professionalism of permanent employees. Second, analyze the relationship of leadership, motivation and organizational culture with the professionalism of permanent employees. The object of research is Bank Jatim, Jember Branch. This study uses descriptive and expalanatory design. The population is 47 permanent employees of Bank Jatim, Jember Branch. The sampling method used is a saturated sample technique which is included in nonprobability sampling. With saturated sample techniques, the entire population is used as the research sample. Data collection is done through survey and observation methods. The analytical method used is descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis of Kendall Tau.
Keywords: Leadership, Motivation, Organizational Culture, Profesionalism
Plastics and its effect to women reproductive systems
Authors: Lestari Pudji 
Published: July 2020

Since it was found in 1940’s, the use of plastic has become a habit, as it is convenient and cheap. It products in a world scale more than 300 million tonnes. What we have to pay for that convenience and cheapness is now obvious. The waste of plastic goods is everywhere. Nowadays, even in rural areas, plastic waste pollutes the environment. Even in the middle of the oceans, islands of plastic refuse are there in the currents.These garbages are deadly to marine life. Globally, we now discard about eight million tonnes of plastics. When it ends up in the seas, fish and turtles take it as a food, swallow it to death or die of starvation because what they have consumed is not real food.
The role of employees’ empowerment on risk management
Authors: Ilhusady Iman Kassem , Demirel Yavuz 
Published: July 2020

The Libyan economy under the influence of current political risks that is resulted in a sudden halt in petroleum products following the revolution followed by a halt in major economic activities. The banking sector was not immune to these current economic risks therefore, the banking sector faced non-financial and financial risks. Our study focuses on human resources with a high level of talent and skills and their role to overcome the banking risks faced by the Libyan banking sector. This is of great importance as the first study addressing the empowerment of human resources in effective risk management in the banking sector, especially in Libya. To a chive the objective of the study the questionnaire method was used to collect data, the survey was distributed to 320 employees and six banks operating in the eastern part of Libya were selected as targets to investigate the risks faced by the banking system as a result of the current political crisis. The result of the research demonstrated there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of employees’ empowerment and effective risk management. It was seen that issues such as training, incentives, and participation, sharing of authority, teamwork for employees are important in risk management. In addition, the risk management and strengthening of human resources among the banks in Benghazi and Al Bayda have been found to differ in their dimensions. The findings in this study seem to be consistent with many findings in the literature.
Effect of brand communities on consumer engagement and trust
Authors: Niyonkomezi Jeanine , Kwamboka Juniter 
Published: July 2020

The use of Facebook as a social media platform has been cited to revolutionize the performance of different brand and firms globally. The performance of the products and brands has been attributed to the creation of Facebook media brand communities, whose level of engagement influences consumer product outcomes. This study attempted to establish to what extend Facebook social media brand communities and brand engagement on brand trust. The study established that the three attributes of Facebook brand communities positively influenced consumer brand engagement (shared consciousness (?=1.52, p=0.001), shared rituals (?=1.44, p=0.001), obligations to society (?=2.11, p=0.001). The study further established that social media brand engagement positively influenced brand trust. The study recommends that firms should effectively increase their product and brand promotion and engagement through Facebook.
Structural Equation Analysis of Microinsurance Dimensions
Authors: Etrata Antonio Jr Estrada , Trinidad Fernando L 
Published: July 2020

The objective of this research is centered on determining different microinsurance dimensions towards promoting the sustainability of the marginalized. This central objective leads to the assumption that microinsurance is a good tool to supplement the lack of or the unavailability of social protection programs intended for those who are socially excluded. Over the years, there have been increased calls among governments all over the world to end poverty. The call puts to order the use of all available means to attain the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. As a background, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted in 2015 by all United Nations Member States. It encompasses 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is an urgent call for action for all developed and developing countries to form a global partnership in promoting peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. The very heart of this framework recognizes that ending poverty and other deprivations must have effective and efficient strategies. The research made use of purely quantitative methods to achieve its objectives. There were 600 questionnaires distributed all over the Philippines but only 422 questionnaires were retrieved. The indicators of microinsurance were factor analyzed using the principal axis method with varimax rotation to determine the underlying dimensions. Since its introduction to the market, microinsurance has been a tool that enables low-income households to become resilient against adversities. In fact, it has been found in various literature that microinsurance has functioned as a social protection mechanism when social services are inadequate or not available. It can be further concluded that microinsurance with its unprecedented growth is eyed as a primary contributor to achieving the majority of the SDG 2030. This monumental role of microinsurance calls for the support of various sectors. As indicated in the results, financial literacy has to increase among the marginalized to embrace the concept of insurance. The government likewise has to intervene in promoting microinsurance particularly in areas that are neglected by social services for whatever reasons.
Effect of bank lending on the growth of selected SMEs in Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Umar Abbas , Ndidi Ifeyinwa Mildred 
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of bank lending on the growth of selected small and medium scale businesses in Nigeria. There are two basic research designs in social sciences, qualitative and quantitative orientation. However, the literature suggests a growing interest in a mixed approach (triangulation) following on from the argument that one is used to strengthen the other. Often, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, also known as the triangulation of methods, can capture a more holistic, complete, and contextual view of a phenomenon. The research is based on both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Three research questions were addressed. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 200 respondents drawn from a population of 400 respondents. A research developed questionnaire was used for the data collection. Data were analyzed using simple percentages and tables. The result of the study revealed that Lending to SMEs encourages self-employment thereby reducing the rate of unemployment and crime in Nigeria. It also boosts industrialization as well as improving the economic situation in the Country. In conclusion, bank lending influence positively the level of economic activities and the growth of SMEs in the country. A number of recommendations were made based on the findings prominent among them is the need for Government, Commercial bank, and Central bank of Nigeria to increase lending to small and medium scale business with a view to create more jobs, reduce crime and unemployment as well as boost industrialization in Nigeria.
Does the level of social cultural beliefs affect the level of agreement of the respondents on the motivational dimensions of microinsurance?
Authors: Etrata Antonio Jr Estrada , Trinidad Fernando L. 
Published: July 2020

Insurance products and services in general are intended to transfer the risks brought about by both man-made and natural hazards from an individual or an entity to another. But since there is a misconception that insurance offered by commercial insurers are expensive and only for the moneyed consumers, or people need a lot of money to insure, insurance is only good for those who have big businesses or valuable properties. The poor and the vulnerable have relied on informal risk-mitigating measures like community-based insurance system or worst do not have any other means to help them cope and become risk-averse. This misconception has led to the conceptualization of microinsurance as an offshoot to microfinance primarily to offer insurance products and services that are affordable, the contractual obligations of both the insured and the insurer are nonlegalistic and lesser technical to make it more understandable to the intended market. This study aims to assess if social-cultural beliefs affect the level of agreement of the respondents on the motivational dimensions of microinsurance. A descriptive-correlational method was used in this research. A 40-item self-made questionnaire was subjected to validity and reliability tests before the same was distributed to six hundred respondents all over the Philippines. There were 422 retrieved questionnaires which 70% of the total number of questionnaires deployed. Conclusively, the results indicate that the level of agreement of the respondents on the motivational dimensions of microinsurance vary from one factor to another