bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the evidence regarding school-to-work/university transition and health inequalities among young adults: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Matos Fialho Paula Mayara , Dragano Nico , Reuter Marvin , Metzendorf Maria-Inti , Richter Bernd , Hoffmann Stephanie , Diehl Katharina , Wachtler Benjamin , Sundmacher L , Herke Max , Pischke Claudia 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionSchool-to-work/university transition is a sensitive period that can have a substantial impact on health and health behaviour over the life course. There is some indication that health and health behaviour is socially patterned in the age span of individuals in this transition (16–24 years) and that there are differences by socioeconomic position (SEP). However, evidence regarding this phenomenon has not been systematically mapped. In addition, little is known about the role of institutional characteristics (eg, of universities, workplaces) in the development of health and possible inequalities in health during this transition. Hence, the first objective of this scoping review is to systematically map the existing evidence regarding health and health behaviours (and possible health inequalities, for example, differences by SEP) in the age group of 16–24 years and during school-to-work transition noted in Germany and abroad. The second objective is to summarise the evidence on the potential effects of contextual and compositional characteristics of specific institutions entered during this life stage on health and health behaviours. Third, indicators and measures of these characteristics will be summarised.Methods and analysisWe will systematically map the evidence on health inequalities during school-to-work-transitions among young adults (aged 16–24 years), following the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. The literature search is performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, International Labour Organization and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, using a predetermined search strategy. Articles published between January 2000 and February 2020 in English or German are considered for the review. The selection process follows a two-step approach: (1) screening of titles and abstracts, and (2) screening of full texts, both steps by two independent reviewers. Any discrepancies in the selection process are resolved by a third researcher. Data extraction will be performed using a customised data extraction sheet. The results will be presented in tabular and narrative form.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and presented at international conferences and project workshops.
British Thoracic Society survey of rehabilitation to support recovery of the post-COVID-19 population
Authors: Singh Sally J , Barradell Amy C , Greening Neil J , Bolton Charlotte , Jenkins Gisli , Preston Louise , Hurst John R 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveA proportion of those recovering from COVID-19 are likely to have significant and ongoing symptoms, functional impairment and psychological disturbances. There is an immediate need to develop a safe and efficient discharge process and recovery programme. Established rehabilitation programmes are well placed to deliver a programme for this group but will most likely need to be adapted for the post-COVID-19 population. The purpose of this survey was to rapidly identify the components of a post-COVID-19 rehabilitation assessment and elements of a successful rehabilitation programme that would be required to deliver a comprehensive service for those post-COVID-19 to inform service delivery.DesignA survey comprising a series of closed questions and a free-text comment box allowing for a qualitative analysis.SettingOnline survey.ParticipantsMultiprofessional clinicians across specialties were invited to take part.Results1031 participants responded from a broad range of specialties. There was overwhelming support for an early posthospital discharge recovery programme to advise patients about the management of fatigue (95% agreed/strongly agreed), breathlessness (94%) and mood disturbances (including symptoms of anxiety and depression, 92%). At the time point of 6–8 weeks, an assessment was considered important, focusing on a broad range of possible symptoms and supporting a return to work. Recommendations for the intervention described a holistic programme focusing on symptom management, return of function and return to employment. The free-text comments added depth to the survey and the need ‘not to reinvent the wheel’ but rather adapt well-established rehabilitation services to individually tailor needs-based care with continued learning for service development.ConclusionThe responses indicate a huge interest and the urgent need to establish a programme to support and mitigate the long-term impact of COVID-19 by optimising and individualising existing rehabilitation programmes.
Impact of a Pharmacist-included Mobile Geriatrics team intervention on potentially inappropriate drug prescribing: protocol for a prospective feasibility study (PharMoG study)
Authors: Pagès Arnaud , Roland Christel , Qassemi Soraya , Abdeljalil Anne-Bahia , Houles Mathieu , Romain Marjolaine , Toulza Olivier , Belloc Audrey , McCambridge Cécile , Voisin Thierry , Cestac Philippe , Juillard-Condat Blandine 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionResearch has shown that potentially inappropriate drug prescription (PIDP) is highly prevalent in older people. The presence of PIDPs is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a PHARmacist-included MObile Geriatrics (PharMoG) team intervention on PIDPs in older patients hospitalised in the medical, surgical and emergency departments of a university hospital.Methods and analysisThe PharMoG study is a prospective, interventional, single-centre feasibility study describing the impact of a PharMoG team on PIDPs in older hospitalised patients. Pharmacist intervention will be a treatment optimisation (clinical medication review) based on a combination of explicit and implicit criteria to detect PIDPs. The primary outcome is the acceptance rate of the mobile team’s proposed treatment optimisations related to PIDPs, measured at the patient’s discharge from the department. This pharmacist will work in cooperation with the physician of the mobile geriatric team. After the intervention of the mobile geriatric team, the proposals for improving therapy will be sent to the hospital medical team caring for the patient and to the patient’s attending physician. The patient will be followed for 3 months after discharge from the hospital.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the South-West and Overseas Territories II Ethics Committee. Oral consent must be obtained prior to participation, either from the patient or from the patient’s representative (trusted person and/or a family member). The results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04151797.
Variation in model performance by data cleanliness and classification methods in the prediction of 30-day ICU mortality, a US nationwide retrospective cohort and simulation study
Authors: Iwashyna Theodore J , Ma Cheng , Wang Xiao Qing , Seelye Sarah , Zhu Ji , Waljee Akbar K 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThere has been a proliferation of approaches to statistical methods and missing data imputation as electronic health records become more plentiful; however, the relative performance on real-world problems is unclear.Materials and methodsUsing 355 823 intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalisations at over 100 hospitals in the nationwide Veterans Health Administration system (2014–2017), we systematically varied three approaches: how we extracted and cleaned physiologic variables; how we handled missing data (using mean value imputation, random forest, extremely randomised trees (extra-trees regression), ridge regression, normal value imputation and case-wise deletion) and how we computed risk (using logistic regression, random forest and neural networks). We applied these approaches in a 70% development sample and tested the results in an independent 30% testing sample. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to quantify model discrimination.ResultsIn 355 823 ICU stays, there were 34 867 deaths (9.8%) within 30 days of admission. The highest AUROCs obtained for each primary classification method were very similar: 0.83 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.83) to 0.85 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.85). Likewise, there was relatively little variation within classification method by the missing value imputation method used—except when casewise deletion was applied for missing data.ConclusionVariation in discrimination was seen as a function of data cleanliness, with logistic regression suffering the most loss of discrimination in the least clean data. Losses in discrimination were not present in random forest and neural networks even in naively extracted data. Data from a large nationwide health system revealed interactions between missing data imputation techniques, data cleanliness and classification methods for predicting 30-day mortality.
How GPs adapted their practices and organisations at the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak: a French national observational survey
Authors: Saint-Lary Olivier , Gautier Sylvain , Le Breton Julien , Gilberg Serge , Frappé Paul , Schuers Matthieu , Bourgueil Yann , Renard Vincent 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo describe how general practitioners (GPs) adapted their practices to secure and maintain access to care in the epidemic phase. A secondary objective was to explore if GPs’ individual characteristics and type of practice determined their adaptation.DesignObservational study using an online questionnaire. Organisational changes were measured by a main question and detailed in two specific outcomes. To identify which GPs’ characteristics impacted organisational changes, successive multivariate logistic modelling was performed. First, we identified the GPs’ characteristics related to organisational changes with a univariate analysis. Then, we tested the adjusted associations between this variable and the following GPs’ characteristics: age, gender and type of practice.SettingThe questionnaire was administered online between 14 March and 21 March 2020. Practitioners were recruited by email using the contact lists of different French scientific GP societies.ParticipantsThe target population was GPs currently practising in France (n=46 056). We obtained a total of 7481 responses.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome: Proportion of GPs who adapted their practice. Secondary outcome: GPs’ characteristics related to organisational changes.ResultsAmong the 7481 responses, 5425 were complete and were analysed. 3849 GPs (70.9%) changed their activity, 3605 GPs (66.5%) increased remote consultations and 2315 GPs (42.7%) created a specific pathway for probable patients with COVID-19. Among the 3849 GPs (70.9%) who changed their practice, 3306 (91.7%) gave more answers by phone, 996 (27.6%) by email and 1105 (30.7%) increased the use of video consultations. GPs working in multi-professional group practices were more likely to have changed their activity since the beginning of the epidemic wave than GPs working in mono-professional group or single medical practices (adjusted OR: 1.32, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.56, p=0.001).ConclusionsFrench GPs adapted their practices regarding access to care for patients in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. This adaptation was higher in multi-professional group practices.
Endotypes identified by cluster analysis in asthmatics and non-asthmatics and their clinical characteristics at follow-up: the case-control EGEA study
Authors: Nadif Rachel , Febrissy Mickael , Andrianjafimasy Miora Valérie , Le Moual Nicole , Gormand Frederic , Just Jocelyne , Pin Isabelle , Siroux Valerie , Matran Régis , Dumas Orianne , Nadif Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIdentifying relevant asthma endotypes may be the first step towards improving asthma management. We aimed identifying respiratory endotypes in adults using a cluster analysis and to compare their clinical characteristics at follow-up.MethodsThe analysis was performed separately among current asthmatics (CA, n=402) and never asthmatics (NA, n=666) from the first follow-up of the French EGEA study (EGEA2). Cluster analysis jointly considered 4 demographic, 22 clinical/functional (respiratory symptoms, asthma treatments, lung function) and four blood biological (allergy-related, inflammation-related and oxidative stress-related biomarkers) characteristics at EGEA2. The clinical characteristics at follow-up (EGEA3) were compared according to the endotype identified at EGEA2.ResultsWe identified five respiratory endotypes, three among CA and two among NA: CA1 (n=53) with active treated adult-onset asthma, poor lung function, chronic cough and phlegm and dyspnoea, high body mass index, and high blood neutrophil count and fluorescent oxidation products level; CA2 (n=219) with mild asthma and rhinitis; CA3 (n=130) with inactive/mild untreated allergic childhood-onset asthma, high frequency of current smokers and low frequency of attacks of breathlessness at rest, and high IgE level; NA1 (n=489) asymptomatic, and NA2 (n=177) with respiratory symptoms, high blood neutrophil and eosinophil counts. CA1 had poor asthma control and high leptin level, CA2 had hyper-responsiveness and high interleukin (IL)-1Ra, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13 and TNF-α levels, and NA2 had high leptin and C reactive protein levels. Ten years later, asthmatics in CA1 had worse clinical characteristics whereas those in CA3 had better respiratory outcomes than CA2; NA in NA2 had more respiratory symptoms and higher rate of incident asthma than those in NA1.ConclusionThese results highlight the interest to jointly consider clinical and biological characteristics in cluster analyses to identify endotypes among adults with or without asthma.
Designing a clinical trial of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cancer pain: a survey of UK palliative care physicians
Authors: Page Andrew J , Mulvey Matthew R , Bennett Michael I 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesInsufficient quality evidence exists to support or refute the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the management of cancer pain. We aimed to determine the most clinically pragmatic design of a future randominsed controlled trial (RCT), based on how NSAIDs are currently used and perceived efficacy.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to members of the Association for Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland examining NSAID use, indications and perceived efficacy, as well as duration of respondents’ experience in palliative medicine.Results23% of 968 members responded. A placebo-controlled trial of NSAIDs as a strong opioid adjunct in cancer-related bone pain was considered the most clinically pragmatic design. Concerning current practice, oral administration was the preferential route (79.4%), dosed regularly (79.5%). Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and non-selective COX-2 inhibitors were considered similarly effective by 45% in cancer pain; ibuprofen being the first line oral NSAID of choice (42.6%). Treatment efficacy is generally determined within 1 week (94.3%). On a Likert scale, most physicians consider NSAIDs improve cancer pain either ‘sometimes’ (57.7%) or ‘often’ (40%). Years of specialist palliative care experience did not affect perception of efficacy (p=0.353).ConclusionsA randomised controlled trial of NSAIDs as opioid adjuncts for cancer-related bone pain would be the most pragmatic design supported by palliative care clinicians to benefit clinical practice.
Understanding the relationship between cognitive performance and function in daily life after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wilson Lindsay , Horton Lindsay , Kunzmann Kevin , Sahakian Barbara J , Newcombe Virginia FJ , Stamatakis Emmanuel A , von Steinbuechel Nicole , Cunitz Katrin , Covic Amra , Maas Andrew , Van Praag Dominique , Menon David 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveCognitive impairment is a key cause of disability after traumatic brain injury (TBI) but relationships with overall functioning in daily life are often modest. The aim is to examine cognition at different levels of function and identify domains associated with disability.Methods1554 patients with mild-to-severe TBI were assessed at 6 months post injury on the Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended (GOSE), the Short Form-12v2 and a battery of cognitive tests. Outcomes across GOSE categories were compared using analysis of covariance adjusting for age, sex and education.ResultsOverall effect sizes were small to medium, and greatest for tests involving processing speed (ηp20.057–0.067) and learning and memory (ηp20.048–0.052). Deficits in cognitive performance were particularly evident in patients who were dependent (GOSE 3 or 4) or who were unable to participate in one or more major life activities (GOSE 5). At higher levels of function (GOSE 6–8), cognitive performance was surprisingly similar across categories. There were decreases in performance even in patients reporting complete recovery without significant symptoms. Medium to large effect sizes were present for summary measures of cognition (ηp20.111), mental health (ηp20.131) and physical health (ηp20.252).ConclusionsThis large-scale study provides novel insights into cognitive performance at different levels of disability and highlights the importance of processing speed in function in daily life. At upper levels of outcome, any influence of cognition on overall function is markedly attenuated and differences in mental health are salient.
Newly diagnosed disease and job loss: a nationwide longitudinal study among middle-aged Japanese
Authors: Takada Midori , Tabuchi Takahiro , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesSince previous studies have only used past or current medical history of disease, there is no information on newly diagnosed disease in relation to job loss. Our objective was therefore to investigate whether newly diagnosed chronic disease increased job loss among middle-aged Japanese.MethodsWe analysed data on 31 403 Japanese workers aged 50–59 years from a nationally representative longitudinal study. We defined two types of job loss; later job loss (within 1 year of disease diagnosis) and concurrent/later job loss (at around the time of diagnosis and within 1 year of diagnosis). Generalised estimating equation models were used to calculate ORs for job loss among current workers after a new-diagnosis of chronic disease (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, heart disease, stroke and cancer), using a discrete-time design and adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and health behavioural factors. We used inverse probability weighting to account for non-response at follow-up.ResultsORs for concurrent/later job loss were 1.17 (95% CI 1.03–1.31) for diabetes, 1.01 (95% CI 0.93–1.09) for hypertension, 1.01 (95% CI 0.94–1.09) for hyperlipidaemia, 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.40) for heart disease, 1.48 (95% CI 1.21–1.81) for stroke and 1.38 (95% CI 1.17–1.62) for cancer diagnosed patients. The corresponding ORs for later job loss were 1.14 (95% CI 0.96–1.35), 1.00 (95% CI 0.90–1.12), 0.98 (95% CI 0.88–1.08), 1.24 (95% CI 1.02–1.49), 1.16 (95% CI 0.86–1.55) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.11–1.73).ConclusionsNew diagnosis of diabetes, heart disease, cancer and stroke increased the risk of job loss; loss was concurrent for diabetes mellitus and stroke, and concurrent/later for cancer and heart disease. Our results provide fundamental information for employment support for patients with chronic disease.
Sleep quality and military training injury during basic combat training: a prospective cohort study of Chinese male recruits
Authors: Ruan Yi , Yu Xin , Wang Huan , Zou Bin , Song Wen-juan , Gu Wei , Ling Chang-quan 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the association between sleep quality and military training injury (MTI) in recruits during basic combat training (BCT).MethodsParticipants were new recruits undergoing 12-week military BCT in China. Sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) . Participants were classified into two groups based on their sleep quality (group 1, good sleep, PSQI score <7; group 2, poor sleep, PSQI score ≥7) at the start of BCT. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to test whether baseline PSQI score was associated with MTI incidence during BCT.ResultsA total of 563 participants were included. The incidence of MTI was significantly lower in group 1 (48/203, 23.6%) than in group 2 (150/360, 41.7%) (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of MTI were 2.307 times higher in group 2 than in group 1 without adjusting for confounders: OR=2.307, p<0.001. When the model was adjusted for age, ethnicity, educational level and family income (OR=2.285) or for the previous confounders plus body mass index (OR=2.377), the results were similar (both p<0.001). Analysis of the types of initial MTI showed that group 2 had about 2.1 times higher odds of soft tissue injury than group 1 (p<0.001 in all the three models).ConclusionSleep quality before BCT influences the incidence of MTI, especially of soft tissue injury.
Effects of longitudinal short-distance constraints on the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the muon $$\mathbf {g-2}$$
Authors: Lüdtke Jan , Procura Massimiliano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a model-independent method to estimate the effects of short-distance constraints (SDCs) on the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment $$a_\mu ^\text {HLbL}$$

a
μ
HLbL

. The relevant loop integral is evaluated using multi-parameter families of interpolation functions, which satisfy by construction all constraints derived from general principles and smoothly connect the low-energy region with those where either two or all three independent photon virtualities become large. In agreement with other recent model-based analyses, we find that the SDCs and thus the infinite towers of heavy intermediate states that are responsible for saturating them have a rather small effect on $$a_\mu ^\text {HLbL}$$

a
μ
HLbL

. Taking as input the known ground-state pseudoscalar pole contributions, we obtain that the longitudinal SDCs increase $$a_\mu ^\text {HLbL}$$

a
μ
HLbL

by $$(9.1\pm 5.0) \times 10^{-11}$$

(
9.1
±
5.0
)

×

10

-
11

, where the isovector channel is responsible for $$(2.6\pm 1.5) \times 10^{-11}$$

(
2.6
±
1.5
)

×

10

-
11

. More precise estimates can be obtained with our method as soon as further accurate, model-independent information about important low-energy contributions from hadronic states with masses up to 1–2 GeV become available.