bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Private Things Affect Other People’: Grange Hill’s Critique of British Sex Education Policy in the Age of AIDS
Authors: Elizabeth Hannah J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article explores five key episodes of Grange Hill, which focused on HIV/AIDS and sex education in the context of the development of sex education policy under the Thatcher and Major governments and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) children’s television provision. This addresses the BBC’s and the government’s conceptualization of childhood and specifically its intentions for, and assumptions about, the audience who watched Grange Hill in 1995. Having placed these key episodes in context, the article then reveals the didactic intent behind them, outlining their effects through a close textual analysis focused on the representation of sex education and HIV/AIDS stigma. The multiple narrative techniques deployed by Grange Hill’s creators receives particular scrutiny, allowing the article to expose how this storyline represented a culmination, response, and an intervention into the British politics of children’s AIDS education that preceded and surrounded it.
Proliferating Infantile Hemangioma Tissues and Primary Cell Lines Express Markers Associated with Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Itinteang Tinte , Tan Cherise E. S. , van Schaijik Bede , Marsh Reginald W. , Davis Paul F. , Tan Swee T. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
We have previously shown that the endothelium of the microvessels of infantile hemangioma (IH) exhibits a hemogenic endothelium phenotype and proposed its potential to give rise to mesenchymal stem cells, similar to the development of hematopoietic cells. This endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Endo-MT) process involves the acquisition of a migratory phenotype by the endothelial cells, similar to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that occurs during neural crest development. We hypothesized that proliferating IH expresses Endo-MT–associated proteins and investigated their expression at the mRNA, protein, and functional levels.

Methods:
Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded sections of proliferating IH samples from 10 patients was undertaken to investigate the expression of the Endo-MT proteins Twist1, Twist2, Snail1, and Slug. Transcriptional analysis was performed for the same markers on proliferating IH tissues and CD34+ and CD34− cells from proliferating IH-derived primary cell lines. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation plasticity was determined on the CD34-sorted fractions.

Results:
The endothelium of the microvessels and the cells within the interstitium of proliferating IH tissues expressed Twist1, Twist2, and Slug proteins. Twist1 was also expressed on the pericyte layer of the microvessels, whereas Snail1 was not expressed. Both CD34+ and CD34− populations from the IH-derived primary cell lines underwent adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusions:
The expression of Endo-MT–associated proteins Twist1, Twist2, and Slug by both the endothelium of the microvessels and cells within the interstitium, and Twist1 on the pericyte layer of the microvessels of proliferating IH, suggest the presence of a process similar to Endo-MT. This may enable a tightly controlled primitive endothelium of proliferating IH to acquire a migratory mesenchymal phenotype with the ability to migrate away, providing a plausible explanation for the development of a fibrofatty residuum observed during involution of IH.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Fear of Dementia Scale for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: LEE Minkyung , JUNG Dukyoo 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Negative attitudes toward dementia may pose an obstacle to the early diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome. However, because no scale has been designed to measure fear of dementia, a reliable and valid instrument that is able to measure accurately the multifaceted attributes of fear of dementia must be developed.

Purpose
This study was designed to develop a scale to measure fear of dementia in community-dwelling older adults and to examine its validity and reliability.

Methods
A preliminary version of the measurement scale was developed using a literature review and conceptual framework. Expert analysis of content validity, item analysis based on classic test theory and item response theory, factor analysis, reliability analysis, criterion validity test, and a Rasch model analysis were performed for the psychometric evaluation. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, AMOS 22.0, and WINSTEPS 3.92.1.

Results
The factor analysis revealed three dimensions, five factors, and 19 items that explain 78.44% of the total variance. The three dimensions are cognitive, social, and physical, and the five factors are (a) direct experience of precursor symptoms of dementia, (b) preliminary knowledge of dementia, (c) concerns about family burden, (d) shame, and (e) physical response.

Conclusions
The Fear of Dementia Scale for older adults was shown to be valid and reliable. Therefore, this scale may be used to accurately measure the fear of dementia in elderly individuals. Using this scale to identify the level of fear of dementia will facilitate the early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of dementia.
Postrace Dry Needling Does Not Reduce Subsequent Soreness and Cramping—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cushman Daniel M. , Cummings Keith , Skinner Lee , Holman Anna , Haight Peter , Brobeck Matthew , Teramoto Masaru , Tang Chi 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To identify whether a single session of postrace dry needling can decrease postrace soreness and quantity of postrace leg cramps in half-marathon and full-marathon runners.

Design:
Single-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Setting:
Finish line of 2018 Salt Lake City Marathon & Half-Marathon.

Participants:
Runners aged 18 years or older who completed a marathon or half-marathon.

Interventions:
True or sham dry needling of the bilateral vastus medialis and soleus muscles within 1 hour of race completion by 2 experienced practitioners.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome measure was numeric pain rating improvements for soreness on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 compared to immediately postrace. Secondary outcome measures included number of postrace cramps and subjective improvement of soreness.

Results:
Sixty-two runners were included with 28 receiving true and 34 receiving sham dry needling. Objective pain scores showed an increase in pain of the soleus muscles at days 1 and 2 (P ≤ 0.003 and P ≤ 0.041, respectively) in the dry needling group. No differences were seen in postrace pain in the vastus medialis muscles (P > 0.05). No association was seen between treatment group and presence of postrace cramping at any time point (P > 0.05). Subjectively, there was a nonsignificant trend for those receiving dry needling to feel better than expected over time (P = 0.089), but no difference with cramping (P = 0.396).

Conclusions:
A single postrace dry needling session does not objectively improve pain scores or cramping compared to sham therapy.
Organizational Support for Nurse Practitioners in Primary Care and Workforce Outcomes
Authors: Poghosyan Lusine , Ghaffari Affan , Liu Jianfang , McHugh Matthew D. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Lack of organizational support in healthcare settings has been linked to high levels of clinician stress, burnout, and job dissatisfaction. Little research exists on organizational support for nurse practitioners.

Objective
We investigated the relationship between organizational support and nurse practitioner outcomes, including job satisfaction, intent to leave, and quality of care.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect survey data from nurse practitioners (n = 398) in primary care practices in New York State in 2017. Nurse practitioners completed mail surveys with validated measures of organizational support, job satisfaction, intent to leave, and quality of care. Information on participant demographics and work characteristics was also collected. Multilevel regression models assessed the relationship between organizational-level organizational support and resources measure and job satisfaction, intent to leave, and quality of care.

Results
The organizational-level organizational support and resources measure had a mean of 3.31 on a 4-point scale. Twenty-five percent of the participants were either moderately dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with their jobs, and about 11% intended to leave their current jobs within 1 year. The average quality of care rated by participants was 8.51 out of 10—10 being the best quality of care. After adjusting for covariates, higher organizational-level organizational support and resources measure score was associated with higher job satisfaction category, lower odds of intent to leave, and higher quality of care.

Discussion
Nurse practitioners from primary care practices with higher levels of organizational support are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs, have less intent to leave their jobs, and report better quality of care. Thus, in order to promote nurse practitioner job satisfaction, retain them in clinical positions, and improve quality of care, administrators should take actions to promote organizational support for them. Our findings are consistent with existing literature regarding the relationship between organizational support and clinician outcomes.
Retrocopying expands the functional repertoire of APOBEC3 antiviral proteins in primates
Authors: Yang Lei , Emerman Michael , Malik Harmit S. , McLaughlin Richard N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHost-virus arms races are inherently asymmetric; viruses evolve much more rapidly than host genomes. Thus, there is high interest in discovering mechanisms by which host genomes keep pace with rapidly evolving viruses. One family of restriction factors, theAPOBEC3 (A3)cytidine deaminases, has undergone positive selection and expansion via segmental gene duplication and recombination. Here, we show that new copies ofA3genes have also been created in primates by reverse transcriptase-encoding elements like LINE-1 or endogenous retroviruses via a process termed retrocopying. First, we discovered that all simian primate genomes retain the remnants of an ancientA3retrocopy:A3I. Furthermore, we found that some New World monkeys encode up to ten additionalAPOBEC3G(A3G) retrocopies. Some of theseA3Gretrocopies are transcribed in a variety of tissues and able to restrict retroviruses. Our findings suggest that host genomes co-opt retroelement activity in the germline to create new host restriction factors as another means to keep pace with the rapid evolution of viruses.(163)
Spage2vec: Unsupervised detection of spatial gene expression constellations
Authors: Partel Gabriele , Wählby Carolina 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTInvestigation of spatial cellular composition of tissue architectures revealed by multiplexed in situ RNA detection often rely on inaccurate cell segmentation or prior biological knowledge from complementary single cell sequencing experiments. Here we present spage2vec, an unsupervised segmentation free approach for decrypting the spatial transcriptomic heterogeneity of complex tissues at subcellular resolution. Spage2vec represents the spatial transcriptomic landscape of tissue samples as a spatial functional network and leverages a powerful machine learning graph representation technique to create a lower dimensional representation of local spatial gene expression. We apply spage2vec to mouse brain data from three different in situ transcriptomic assays, showing that learned representations encode meaningful biological spatial information of re-occuring gene constellations involved in cellular and subcellular processes.
Structure of hemed1-freecd1nitrite reductase NirS
Authors: Klünemann Thomas , Blankenfeldt Wulf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA key step in anaerobic nitrate respiration is the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide, which is catalysed bycd1nitrite reductase NirS in e.g. the gram-negative opportunistic pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa. Each subunit of this homodimeric enzyme consists of a cytochromecdomain and an eight-bladed β-propeller that binds the uncommon isobacteriochlorin hemed1as an essential part of its active site. Although NirS is mechanistically and structurally well studied, the focus of previous studies has been on the active, hemed1-bound form. The hemed1-free form of NirS reported here, representing a premature state of the reductase, adopts an open conformation with the cytochromecdomains moved away from each other with respect to the active enzyme. Further, movement of a loop around W498 seems to be related to a widening of the propeller, allowing easier access to the hemed1binding side. Finally, a possible link between the open conformation of NirS and flagella formation inP. aeruginosais discussed.SynopsisThe crystal structure of hemed1-freecd1nitrite reductase NirS fromPseudomonas aeruginosahas been determined and provides insight into a premature form of the enzyme.
A genome assembly of the barley ‘transformation reference’ cultivar Golden Promise
Authors: Schreiber Miriam , Mascher Martin , Wright Jonathan , Padmarasu Sudharasan , Himmelbach Axel , Heavens Darren , Milne Linda , Clavijo Bernardo J. , Stein Nils , Waugh Robbie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBarley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the most important crops worldwide and is also considered a research model for the large-genome small grain temperate cereals. Despite genomic resources improving all the time, they are limited for thecv.Golden Promise, the most efficient genotype for genetic transformation.FindingsWe have developed a barleycv.Golden Promise reference assembly integrating Illumina paired-end reads, long mate-pair reads, Dovetail Chicago in vitro proximity ligation libraries and chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C) libraries into a contiguous reference assembly. The assembled genome of 7 chromosomes and 4.13Gb in size, has a super-scaffold N50 after Chicago libraries of 4.14Mb and contains only 2.2% gaps. Using BUSCO (benchmarking universal single copy orthologous genes) as evaluation the genome assembly contains 95.2% of complete and single copy genes from the plant database.ConclusionsA high-quality Golden Promise reference assembly will be useful and utilised by the whole barley research community but will prove particularly useful for CRISPR-Cas9 experiments.
Single-cell transcriptomic profile reveals macrophage heterogeneity in medulloblastoma and their treatment-dependent recruitment
Authors: Dang Mai T. , Gonzalez Michael , Gaonkar Krutika S. , Rathi Komal S. , Young Patricia , Arif Sherjeel , Zhai Li , Alam Md Zahidul , Devalaraja Samir , To Tsun Ki , Folkert Ian W. , Ramen Pichai , Rokita Jo Lynne , Martinez Daniel , Taroni Jaclyn N. , Shapiro Joshua , Greene Casey S. , Savonen Candace , Hakonarson Hakon , Curran Tom , Haldar Malay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe role of macrophages in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, is unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing in a mouse model of sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma and analysis of bulk RNA sequencing of human medulloblastoma, we investigated macrophage heterogeneity. Our findings reveal differential recruitment of macrophages with molecular-targeted versus radiation therapy and identify an immunosuppressive monocyte-derived macrophages following radiation treatment of mouse medulloblastoma, uncovering potential strategies for immunomodulation as adjunctive therapy.
Differential submergence tolerance between juvenile and adult Arabidopsis plants involves the ANAC017 transcription factor
Authors: Bui Liem T. , Shukla Vinay , Giorgi Federico M. , Trivellini Alice , Perata Pierdomenico , Licausi Francesco , Giuntoli Beatrice 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlants need to attune stress responses to the ongoing developmental programs to maximize their efficacy. For instance, successful submergence adaptation is often associated to a delicate poise between saving resources and their expenditure to activate measures that allow stress avoidance or attenuation. We observed a significant decrease in submergence tolerance associated with aging inArabidopsis thaliana, with a critical step between two and three weeks of post-germination development. This sensitization to flooding was concomitant with the transition from juvenility to adulthood. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that a group of genes related to ABA and oxidative stress response was more expressed in juvenile plants than in adult ones. These genes are induced by endomembrane tethered ANAC factors that were in turn activated by submergence-associated oxidative stress. A combination of molecular, biochemical and genetic analyses showed that these genes are located in genomic regions that move towards a heterochromatic state with adulthood, as marked by lysine 4 dimethylation of histone H3. We concluded that, while the mechanism of flooding stress perception and signal transduction were unaltered between juvenile and adult phases, the sensitivity that these mechanisms set into action is integrated, via epigenetic regulation, into the developmental programme of the plant.
Analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging traits in 29,000 individuals reveals shared genetic basis with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pirruccello James P. , Bick Alexander , Wang Minxian , Chaffin Mark , Lubitz Steven A. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Khera Amit V , Kathiresan Sekar , Aragam Krishna G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure and the leading indication for heart transplantation. Many rare genetic variants have been associated with DCM, but common variant studies of the disease have yielded few associated loci. As structural changes in the heart are a defining feature of DCM, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived left ventricular measurements in 29,041 UK Biobank participants. 26 novel loci were associated with cardiac structure and function. These loci were found near 17 genes previously shown to cause Mendelian cardiomyopathies. A polygenic score of left ventricular end systolic volume was associated with incident DCM in previously disease-free individuals (hazard ratio = 1.54 per one standard deviation increase in the polygenic score, P = 2.1×10−16). Even among carriers of truncating mutations inTTN, the polygenic score influenced the size and function of the heart. These results further implicate common genetic polymorphisms in DCM pathogenesis.
Turning the screw: engineering extreme pH resistance inEscherichia colithrough combinatorial synthetic operons
Authors: de Siqueira Guilherme M. V. , Silva-Rocha Rafael , Guazzaroni María-Eugenia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdoption of microorganisms as platforms for sustainable biobased production requires host cells to be able to withstand harsh industrial conditions, which are usually far from the ones where these organisms are naturally adapted to thrive. However, novel survival mechanisms unearthed by the study of microbiomes from extreme habitats may be exploited to enhance microbial robustness under the strict conditions needed for different applications. In this work, synthetic biology approaches were used to engineer enhanced acidic tolerance inEscherichia coliunder extreme conditions through the characterization of a library of twenty-seven unique operons composed of combinatorial assemblies of three novel genes from an extreme environment and three synthetic ribosome binding sites. The results here presented illustrate the efficacy of combining different metagenomic genes for tolerance in truly synthetic genetic operons, as expression of these gene clusters increased hundred-fold the survival percentage of cells exposed to an acidic shock in minimal media at pH 1.9 under aerobic conditions.
Formation of aggregates, icosahedral structures and percolation clusters of fullerenes in lipids bilayers: The key role of lipid saturation
Authors: Nisoh Nililla , Jarerattanachat Viwan , Karttunen Mikko , Wong-ekkabut Jirasak 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are attractive materials for a great number of applications but there are serious concerns regarding their influence on health and environment. Here, our focus is on the behavior of fullerenes in lipid bilayers with varying lipid saturations, chain lengths and fullerene concentrations using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations. Our findings show that the lipid saturation level is a key factor in determining how fullerenes behave and where the fullerenes are located inside a lipid bilayer. In saturated and monounsaturated bilayers fullerenes aggregated and formed clusters with some of them showing icosahedral structures. In polyunsaturated lipid bilayers, no such structures were observed: In polyunsaturated lipid bilayers at high fullerene concentrations, connected percolation-like networks of fullerenes spanning the whole lateral area emerged at the bilayer center. In other systems only separate isolated aggregates were observed. The effects of fullerenes on lipid bilayers depend strongly on fullerene aggregation. When fullerenes aggregate, their interactions with the lipid tails change.
Stress-Dependent Conformational Changes of Artemin: Effects of Heat and Oxidant
Authors: Takalloo Z. , Ardakani Z. Afshar , Maroufi B. , Shahangian S. Shirin , Sajedi R. H. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTArtemin is an abundant thermostable protein inArtemiaembryos and considered as a highly efficient molecular chaperone against extreme environmental stress conditions. The dynamic conformational properties of artemin appear to play a critical role in its biological activities. In this study, we have investigated the conformational transitions and functional changes of artemin under heat and oxidative stress to find some evidence of the relationship between the structure and function of artemin. The tertiary and quaternary structures of artemin have been evaluated by fluorescence measurements, protein cross-linking analysis, and dynamic light scattering. Based on the structural analysis, artemin showed irreversible substantial conformational lability in response to heat and oxidant which mainly mediated through the hydrophobic interactions and dimerization of the chaperone. In addition, the chaperone-like activity of the heated and oxidized artemin was examined using lysozyme refolding assay and the experiments showed that although both factors, i.e. heat and oxidant, at specific levels improved artemin potency, simultaneous incubation with both stressors significantly triggered the activation of artemin. Moreover, the heat-induced dimerization of artemin was found to be the most critical factor for its activation. It was suggested that oxidation presumably acts through stabilizing the dimer structures of artemin through formation of disulfide bridges between the subunits and strengthens its chaperoning efficacy. Accordingly, it was proposed that artemin probably exists in a monomer–oligomer equilibrium inArtemiacysts and environmental stresses and intracellular portion of protein substrates may shift the equilibrium towards the active dimer forms of the chaperone.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEThere are a number of reports in which the chaperone-like activity of artemin, as a stress protein, has been confirmedin vivoandin vitro.Nonetheless, the details of structural changes of the protein have not been fully discovered yet. In the present work, we focused on conformational properties of artemin fromA. urmianaupon exposing to heat and oxidation, by using various structural and functional analysis in order to predict the mechanisms of artemin’s activation. Notably, this is the first document on reporting the structural transitions of the chaperone in stress conditions.