bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of eating disorders in international adoptees: a cohort study using Swedish national population registers
Authors: Strand M. , Zhang R. , Thornton L. M. , Birgegård A. , D'Onofrio B. M. , Bulik C. M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
Compared to the general population, adoptees are more often referred to specialist psychiatric treatment, exhibit increased risk of suicide and display more symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder. However, little is known about the impact of being an adoptee on the risk of developing an eating disorder. The aim of the present study was to assess whether international adoptees have a higher risk for eating disorders than native Swedes.

Methods
In the present retrospective cohort study, data from the Swedish total population registers on individuals born between 1979 and 2005 were used to assess whether international adoptees residing in Sweden (n = 25 287) have a higher risk for anorexia nervosa (AN) and other eating disorders (OED) than non-adoptees with Swedish-born parents from the general population (n = 2 046 835). The patterns of these results were compared to those for major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorders to determine whether any observed effects were unique to eating disorders or reflected a more general impact on mental health outcomes.

Results
A survival analysis adjusting for relevant demographic covariates revealed an elevated risk of all examined psychiatric disorders in international adoptees: hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) are 1.21 (1.04–1.41) for AN, 1.60 (1.44–1.79) for OED, 1.90 (1.81–2.00) for MDD, 1.25 (1.09–1.44) for OCD, and 1.69 (1.60–1.78) for anxiety disorders.

Conclusions
Elevated risk of eating disorders as well as of MDD, OCD, and anxiety disorders was found in international adoptees. A parallel pattern between AN and OCD was observed, which both display less elevated rates than the other diagnoses. A considerable number of biological, environmental, and societal factors have been suggested to explain the observed differences in mental health between adoptees and non-adoptees, but they remain primarily theoretical.
Cohorts
Authors: Kaprio Jaakko , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCohort studies are essential for conducting large studies of multiple exposures and outcomes in humans. Recently, the ability to combine data from multiple cohorts in, for example, meta-analyses, and the willingness in the genetics community to collaborate to enable replication studies has led to many new insights into the genetic and environmental determinants of human health and behaviors. The contribution of Professor Nicholas Martin to the development of cohort studies, particularly of twin and twin-family studies, over a period of several decades is reviewed. He has contributed to the development and use of both Australian and international resources. The contributions of Australian twin studies to genomewide association projects are multiple, and across multiple domains, from biomarkers, lifestyle and behavior to disorders and disease.
Macrophysical and Microphysical Characteristics of Convective Rain Cells Observed During SOS‐CHUVA
Authors: Cecchini Micael Amore , Silva Dias Maria A. F. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Morales Rodriguez Carlos A. , Biscaro Thiago 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present a methodology to study the properties of convective precipitation in a holistic way. We apply a tracking algorithm to X‐band radar retrievals to store Lagrangian properties of convective rain cells. The height of maximum reflectivity (HZmax) is combined with the vertically integrated water (VIW) to provide a useful parameter space to constrain the microphysical study of the cells. This parameter determines most of the shape of the vertical structure of rain cells, where VIW acts as a modulating factor. Decreases in HZmax are likely associated to enhanced collection processes, which favor growth of reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (Zdr), differential attenuation (Kdp), and droplet mean volume diameter (D0). This growth is further favored under higher VIW conditions. By discriminating the microphysical analysis by HZmax and VIW, droplet growth can be analyzed in different types of rain cells and stages of life cycle. Overall, the results presented here can help understand the constraints of the vertical structure of rain cells and microphysical properties from the combination of HZmax and VIW. Contrary to the microphysical retrievals themselves, computations of HZmax and VIW do not depend on dual polarization.
Relative Crater Scaling Between the Major Moons of Saturn: Implications for Planetocentric Cratering and the Surface Age of Titan
Authors: Bell Samuel W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe chronology of the moons of Saturn, especially Titan, has been limited by a lack of strong constraints on the cratering rate, low number statistics for small‐N counts of large‐diameter craters, and uncertainty about whether impactors are mostly heliocentric impactors orbiting the Sun or planetocentric impactors orbiting Saturn itself. Here, I propose to address these three problems. Instead of looking for an absolute cratering rate, I focus on the relative crater densities, calculating scaling relationships between the moons. I update crater analysis methodology by numerically modeling probability density functions of the uncertainty of crater density, enabling me to accurately assess the error of even single‐crater observations. Using these updated statistics, I show how the heliocentric cratering model leads to a dramatic increase in relative crater density for Mimas, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and Iapetus with distance from Saturn. Under this model, the surface age of Titan is probably older than the cratered plains of Mimas—implying a very low erosion rate and minimal endogenic resurfacing on Titan. I explore possible explanations, concluding that the likeliest explanation is planetocentric cratering, although saturation effects cannot be ruled out. Under the planetocentric model, the relative crater densities of the cratered plains of Mimas, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and Iapetus are all very close, with the relative crater density at Titan between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude lower. Under planetocentric cratering, the cratering rate on Titan allows for vigorous erosion and endogenic resurfacing.
Recent advances of sterile inflammation and inter-organ cross-talk in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Shim Young-Ri , Jeong Won-Il 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the fastest-growing concerns worldwide. In addition to bacterial endotoxins in the portal circulation, recent lines of evidence have suggested that sterile inflammation caused by a wide range of stimuli induces alcoholic liver injury, in which damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play critical roles in inducing de novo lipogenesis and inflammation through the activation of cellular pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors in non-parenchymal cells. Interestingly, alcohol-mediated metabolic, neurological, and immune stresses stimulate the generation of DAMPs that are released not only in the liver, but also in other organs, such as adipose tissue, intestine, and bone marrow. Thus, diverse DAMPs, including retinoic acids, proteins, lipids, microRNAs, mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial double-stranded RNA, contribute to a broad spectrum of ALD through the production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and ligands in non-parenchymal cells, such as Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and various immune cells. Therefore, this review summarizes recent studies on the identification and understanding of DAMPs, their receptors, and cross-talk between the liver and other organs, and highlights successful therapeutic targets and potential strategies in drug development that can be used to combat ALD.
Destabilization of β-catenin and RAS by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a potential treatment for triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ryu Won-Ji , Lee Jeong Dong , Park Jong-Chan , Cha Pu-Hyeon , Cho Yong-Hee , Kim Jee Ye , Sohn Joo Hyuk , Paik Soonmyung , Choi Kang-Yell 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a severe and heterogeneous disease that lacks an approved targeted therapy and has a poor clinical outcome to chemotherapy. Although the RAS-ERK signaling axis is rarely mutated in TNBC, ~50% of TNBCs show an increased copy number and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, EGFR-targeted therapies have offered no improvement in patient survival, underscoring the need to explore downstream targets, including RAS. We found that both β-catenin and RAS, as well as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are overexpressed and correlated with one another in tumor tissues of TNBC patients. KYA1797K, an Axin-binding small molecule reducing β-catenin and RAS expression via degradation and suppressing EGFR expression via transcriptional repression, inhibited the proliferation and the metastatic capability of stable cell lines as well as patient-derived cells (PDCs) established from TNBC patient tissues. KYA1797K also suppressed the stemness of 3D-cultured PDCs and xenografted tumors established by using residual tumors from TNBC patients and those established by the TNBC cell line. Targeting both the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways via small molecules simultaneously reducing the levels of β-catenin, RAS, and EGFR could be a potential therapeutic approach for TNBC.
Deep immune profiling of patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab
Authors: Casneuf Tineke , Adams Homer C. , van de Donk Niels W.C.J. , Abraham Yann , Bald Jaime , Vanhoof Greet , Van der Borght Koen , Smets Tina , Foulk Brad , Nielsen Karl C. , Rusbuldt Joshua , Axel Amy , Lysaght Andrew , Ceulemans Hugo , Stevenaert Frederik , Usmani Saad Z. , Plesner Torben , Avet-Loiseau Herve , Nijhof Inger , Mutis Tuna , Schecter Jordan M. , Chiu Christopher , Bahlis Nizar J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCD38-targeted antibody, daratumumab, is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Phase 1/2 studies GEN501/SIRIUS revealed a novel immunomodulatory mechanism of action (MOA) of daratumumab that enhanced the immune response, reducing natural killer (NK) cells without affecting efficacy or safety. We further evaluated daratumumab’s effects on immune cells in whole blood samples of relapsed/refractory MM patients from both treatment arms of the phase 3 POLLUX study (lenalidomide/dexamethasone [Rd] or daratumumab plus Rd [D-Rd]) at baseline (D-Rd, 40; Rd, 45) and after 2 months on treatment (D-Rd, 31; Rd, 33) using cytometry by time-of-flight. We confirmed previous reports of NK cell reduction with D-Rd. Persisting NK cells were phenotypically distinct, with increased expression of HLA-DR, CD69, CD127, and CD27. The proportion of T cells increased preferentially in deep responders to D-Rd, with a higher proportion of CD8+versus CD4+T cells. The expansion of CD8+T cells correlated with clonality, indicating generation of adaptive immune response with D-Rd. D-Rd resulted in a higher proportion of effector memory T cells versus Rd. D-Rd reduced immunosuppressive CD38+regulatory T cells. This study confirms daratumumab’s immunomodulatory MOA in combination with immunomodulatory drugs and provides further insight into immune cell changes and activation status following daratumumab-based therapy.
Decreased expression of FBXW7 by ERK1/2 activation in drug-resistant cancer cells confers transcriptional activation of MDR1 by suppression of ubiquitin degradation of HSF1
Authors: Mun Gil-Im , Choi Eun , Lee Yeongmin , Lee Yun-Sil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe acquisition of MDR1-mediated chemoresistance poses a major obstacle to the success of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. HSF1 is also involved in chemoresistance, and several studies have demonstrated the relationship between HSF1 and MDR1 but without any consistent results. Paclitaxel- and doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells showed higher expression of MDR1 and HSF1. Depletion of HSF1 decreased mdr1 expression at mRNA level, and HSF1 directly interacted with the promoter site of mdr1, suggesting its role as a transcriptional regulator of MDR1. Phosphorylation of Ser303/307, which was involved in protein stability of HSF1 by FBXW7-mediated degradation, was found to be important for transcriptional activation of mdr1. Drug-resistant cells showed decreased expression of FBXW7, which was mediated by the activation of ERK1/2, thus indicating that over-activation of ERK1/2 in drug-resistant cells decreased FBXW7 protein stability, which finally inhibited protein degradation of pHSF1 at Ser303/307. There was a positive correlation between immunofluorescence data of pHSF1 at Ser303/307 and MDR1 in carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumors and human lung cancers. These findings identified the post-translational mechanisms of HSF1 transcription in MDR1 regulation of drug resistance development.
HUWE1-dependent DNA-PKcs neddylation modulates its autophosphorylation in DNA damage response
Authors: Guo Zongpei , Wang Shaozheng , Xie Ying , Han Yang , Hu Sai , Guan Hua , Xie Dafei , Bai Chenjun , Liu Xiaodan , Gu Yongqing , Zhou Ping-Kun , Ma Teng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is the core component of DNA-PK complex in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks, and its activity is strictly controlled by DNA-PKcs phosphorylation. The ubiquitin-like protein, NEDD8 is involved in regulation of DNA damage response, but it remains mysterious whether and how NEDD8-related neddylation affects DNA-PKcs and the NHEJ process. Here, we show that DNA-PKcs is poly-neddylated at its kinase domain. The neddylation E2-conjugating enzyme UBE2M and E3 ligase HUWE1 (HECT, UBA, and WWE domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1) are responsible for the DNA-PKcs neddylation. Moreover, inhibition of HUWE1-dependent DNA-PKcs neddylation impairs DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation at Ser2056. Finally, depletion of HUWE1-dependent DNA-PKcs neddylation reduces the efficiency of NHEJ. These studies provide insights how neddylation modulates the activity of NHEJ core complex.
Computer simulations explain the anomalous temperature optimum in a cold-adapted enzyme
Authors: Sočan Jaka , Purg Miha , Åqvist Johan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCold-adapted enzymes from psychrophilic species show the general characteristics of being more heat labile, and having a different balance between enthalpic and entropic contributions to free energy barrier of the catalyzed reaction compared to mesophilic orthologs. Among cold-adapted enzymes, there are also examples that show an enigmatic inactivation at higher temperatures before unfolding of the protein occurs. Here, we analyze these phenomena by extensive computer simulations of the catalytic reactions of psychrophilic and mesophilic α-amylases. The calculations yield temperature dependent reaction rates in good agreement with experiment, and also elicit the anomalous rate optimum for the cold-adapted enzyme, which occurs about 15 °C below the melting point. This result allows us to examine the structural basis of thermal inactivation, which turns out to be caused by breaking of a specific enzyme-substrate interaction. This type of behaviour is also likely to be relevant for other enzymes displaying such anomalous temperature optima.
Role of ferroelectric polarization during growth of highly strained ferroelectric materials
Authors: Liu Rui , Ulbrandt Jeffrey G. , Hsing Hsiang-Chun , Gura Anna , Bein Benjamin , Sun Alec , Pan Charles , Bertino Giulia , Lai Amanda , Cheng Kaize , Doyle Eli , Evans-Lutterodt Kenneth , Headrick Randall L. , Dawber Matthew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn ferroelectric thin films and superlattices, the polarization is intricately linked to crystal structure. Here we show that it can also play an important role in the growth process, influencing growth rates, relaxation mechanisms, electrical properties and domain structures. This is studied by focusing on the properties of BaTiO3 thin films grown on very thin layers of PbTiO3 using x-ray diffraction, piezoforce microscopy, electrical characterization and rapid in-situ x-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps during the growth using synchrotron radiation. Using a simple model we show that the changes in growth are driven by the energy cost for the top material to sustain the polarization imposed upon it by the underlying layer, and these effects may be expected to occur in other multilayer systems where polarization is present during growth. This motivates the concept of polarization engineering as a complementary approach to strain engineering.
Accumulation of ambient phosphate into the periplasm of marine bacteria is proton motive force dependent
Authors: Kamennaya Nina A. , Geraki Kalotina , Scanlan David J. , Zubkov Mikhail V. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBacteria acquire phosphate (Pi) by maintaining a periplasmic concentration below environmental levels. We recently described an extracellular Pi buffer which appears to counteract the gradient required for Pi diffusion. Here, we demonstrate that various treatments to outer membrane (OM) constituents do not affect the buffered Pi because bacteria accumulate Pi in the periplasm, from which it can be removed hypo-osmotically. The periplasmic Pi can be gradually imported into the cytoplasm by ATP-powered transport, however, the proton motive force (PMF) is not required to keep Pi in the periplasm. In contrast, the accumulation of Pi into the periplasm across the OM is PMF-dependent and can be enhanced by light energy. Because the conventional mechanism of Pi-specific transport cannot explain Pi accumulation in the periplasm we propose that periplasmic Pi anions pair with chemiosmotic cations of the PMF and millions of accumulated Pi pairs could influence the periplasmic osmolarity of marine bacteria.
Magnetic cilia carpets with programmable metachronal waves
Authors: Gu Hongri , Boehler Quentin , Cui Haoyang , Secchi Eleonora , Savorana Giovanni , De Marco Carmela , Gervasoni Simone , Peyron Quentin , Huang Tian-Yun , Pane Salvador , Hirt Ann M. , Ahmed Daniel , Nelson Bradley J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetachronal waves commonly exist in natural cilia carpets. These emergent phenomena, which originate from phase differences between neighbouring self-beating cilia, are essential for biological transport processes including locomotion, liquid pumping, feeding, and cell delivery. However, studies of such complex active systems are limited, particularly from the experimental side. Here we report magnetically actuated, soft, artificial cilia carpets. By stretching and folding onto curved templates, programmable magnetization patterns can be encoded into artificial cilia carpets, which exhibit metachronal waves in dynamic magnetic fields. We have tested both the transport capabilities in a fluid environment and the locomotion capabilities on a solid surface. This robotic system provides a highly customizable experimental platform that not only assists in understanding fundamental rules of natural cilia carpets, but also paves a path to cilia-inspired soft robots for future biomedical applications.
Data-driven predictive models for chemical durability of oxide glass under different chemical conditions
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Aize , Deng Binghui , Hughes Kelleen K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe conducted a comprehensive study to investigate the performance of various machine-learning models in predicting the chemical durability of oxide glasses under different chemical conditions with glass composition as input features, by taking advantage of the large dataset (~1400 datapoints) we have collected. Two typical machine-learning tasks, weight loss regression, and surface appearance change rating classification, were conducted in the study. We successfully made Neural Networks delivered an excellent performance in predicting the weight loss, while Random Forest in classifying the surface appearance change rating. Additionally, feature importance analysis showed that SiO2, Na2O, P2O5 were the most dominate features for predicting the weight loss, while SiO2, ZrO2, CaO were the topmost features for classifying the surface appearance change rating, under acid, HF, and base testing conditions, respectively. We also realized that the trained models fall short of extrapolating data far from the training dataset space even though they exhibit outstanding interpolation performance in some cases. Topology constrained theory fed by structural information from molecular dynamics simulations seems to be a promising approach to address the challenge.
A novel cyanobacterial geosmin producer, revising GeoA distribution and dispersion patterns in Bacteria
Authors: Churro Catarina , Semedo-Aguiar Ana P. , Silva Alexandra D. , Pereira-Leal Jose B. , Leite Ricardo B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCyanobacteria are ubiquitous organisms with a relevant contribution to primary production in all range of habitats. Cyanobacteria are well known for their part in worldwide occurrence of aquatic blooms while producing a myriad of natural compounds, some with toxic potential, but others of high economical impact, as geosmin. We performed an environmental survey of cyanobacterial soil colonies to identify interesting metabolic pathways and adaptation strategies used by these microorganisms and isolated, sequenced and assembled the genome of a cyanobacterium that displayed a distinctive earthy/musty smell, typical of geosmin, confirmed by GC-MS analysis of the culture’s volatile extract. Morphological studies pointed to a new Oscillatoriales soil ecotype confirmed by phylogenetic analysis, which we named Microcoleus asticus sp. nov. Our studies of geosmin gene presence in Bacteria, revealed a scattered distribution among Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Delta and Gammaproteobacteria, covering different niches. Careful analysis of the bacterial geosmin gene and gene tree suggests an ancient bacterial origin of the gene, that was probably successively lost in different time frames. The high sequence similarities in the cyanobacterial geosmin gene amidst freshwater and soil strains, reinforce the idea of an evolutionary history of geosmin, that is intimately connected to niche adaptation.
Frequency and consequences of the collection of already parasitized caterpillars by a potter wasp
Authors: Segoli Michal , Leduc Sarah , Meng Fengqun , Hoffmann Ishai , Kishinevsky Miriam , Rozenberg Tamir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaladaptive behaviors reflecting a “bad” choice of habitat or resource have been widely documented; however, their persistence is often difficult to interpret. The potter waspDelta dimidiatipenneconstructs mud cells, in each of which it lays a single egg and places several caterpillars to feed its offspring. Preliminary observations indicated that a portion of these caterpillars were already parasitized and contained the offspring of the gregarious parasitoidCopidosoma primulum. As a result, the offspring of the potter wasp often failed to develop. To characterize the distribution, frequency and consequences of this intriguing phenomenon, we surveyed potter wasp nests throughout the Negev Desert. Evidence for parasitized caterpillars (mummies) was found in ~85% of the sampled sites, in ~20% of previous years’ nest cells and in ~70–80% of the same year’s cells. The survival and pupal mass of the potter wasp offspring were negatively associated with the presence and number of parasitized caterpillars inside the cells. We concluded that the collection of parasitized caterpillars byD. dimidiantipenneis frequent and costly. The persistence of this behavior may result from limited discrimination ability against parasitized prey by female potter wasps, or by their limited ability to exhibit choosiness under field conditions.