bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Kelas XI Pada Materi Trigonometri
Authors: Rachman Ardy Fauzy , Saripudin Saripudin 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal trigonometri serta faktor penyebabnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 12 siswa kelas XI MIPA 3 di MAN Kota Cimahi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data melalui tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, serta verivikasi data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kerangka analisis yang digunakan berdasarkan indikator kesalahan oleh hadar, yaitu: kesalahan dalam penggunaan data, kesalahan dalam penafsiran bahasa, kesalahan dalam penarikan kesimpulan, kesalahan dalam penggunaan teorema atau definisi, penyelesaian tidak diperiksa kembali, dan kesalahan dalam perhitungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soa trigonometri, meliputi: (1) kesalahan penggunaan data sebesar 17.02%, (2) kesalahan penafsiran bahasa sebesar 19.15%,(3) kesalahan dalam penarikan kesimpulan sebesar sebesar 6.38% (4) kesalahan penggunaan teorema atau definisi sebesar 17.02%, (5) kesalahan tidak diperiksa kembali sebesar 29.79%, dan (6) kesalahan dalam perhitungan sebesar 10.64%. Faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa pada umumnya disebabkan siswa tidak memahami maksud dari soal serta menafsirkan permasalahan nyata kedalam model matematika.
Analisis Motivasi Belajar Siswa MTs dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Segitiga dengan Berbantuan Media Javascript Geogebra
Authors: Bernard Martin , Sunaryo Arif 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika materi segitiga dengan berbantuan aplikasi geogebra. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek yang digunakan dalm penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII sebanyak 25 orang siswa pada materi segitiga. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu skala motivasi belajar dengan 10 pernyataan yang memiliki tanggapan positif maupun tanggapan negatif. Pernyataan tersebut digunakan untuk mencari tanggapan dari responden terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika pada materi segitiga dengan berbantuan aplikasi geogebra. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa motivasi belajar siswa pada materi segitiga dengan berbantuan aplikasi geogebra berbantuan JavaScript menunjukkan hasil positif dengan respon perolehan rata-rata presentase 74,9% dan dikategorikan kuat. Rata-rata tersebut tersebut diperoleh oleh setiap indikator angket motivasi belajar yang telah diberikan kepada setiap responden.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Aplikasi Android Pytha Fun untuk Teorema Pythagoras SMP
Authors: Pangestu Yohanes Suhendi , Setyadi Danang 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran yang berupa aplikasi android pada materi teorema Pythagoras. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah ADDIE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran aplikasi android yang dikembangkan valid. Persentase hasil validasi media sebesar 79,99% dan validasi materi sebesar 88,89%. Hasil uji coba produk menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran aplikasi android yang dikembangkan mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi teorema Pythagoras.
Kata kunci: Pengembangan Media, Adobe Flash, Android, Teorema Pythagoras
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemahaman konsep Matematika Sekolah Dasar Pada Materi Bangun Datar
Authors: Melisari Melisari , Septihani Asri , Chronika Arpin , Permaganti Bunga , Jumiati Yeti , Fitriani Nelly 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika sekolah dasar pada materi bangun datar. Penilaian pada aspek pemahaman konsep bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejaiuh mana kemampuan siswa dalam soal pemahaman konsep metematika dengan indikator a) Menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep; b) Mengklasifikasikan objek-objek menurut sifat-sifat tertentu sesuai dengan konsepnya; c) Memberi contoh dan bukan contoh dari konsep; d) Menyajikan konsep dalam berbagai bentuk representasi matematis; e) Mengembangkan syarat perlu atau syarat cukup suatu konsep; f) Menggunakan,memanfaatkan,dan memilih prosedur atau operasi tertentu; g) Mengaplikasikan konsep atau algoritma dalam pemecahan masalah matematis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan studi kasus untuk menganalisis pemahaman konsep matematika siswa sekolah dasar dalam menyelesaiakan soal mengenai bangun datar. Dalam menentukan subjek penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan memilih dan memilah subjek yang memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SDS Pangkalan Kecamatan Babakan Ciparay yang berjumlah 17 orang. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah soal tes pemahaman konsep matematika materi bangun datar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa memiliki kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika yang rendah pada materi bangun datar dan kesalahan yang dilakukan dalam mengerjakan soal berdasarkan analisis Newman sebagian besar terletak pada kesalahan memahami soal yaitu sebanyak 41,17%.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa MTs Kelas VIII Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) Ditinjau Dari Perbedaan Gender
Authors: Maspupah Anti , Purnama Alan 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) ditinjau dari perbedaan gender . Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 8 siswa, yaitu 4 siswa perempuan dan 4 siswa laki-laki. Instrumen dalam penelitian adalah tes berbentuk uraian sebanyak 3 soal mengenai Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV). Presentase rata-rata siswa perempuan sebesar 26,7% dan presentase siswa laki-laki sebesar 18,3%. Nilai keduanya di bawah 50% dan dikategorikan rendah. Untuk soal no 1 presentase jawaban siswa perempuan 35% sedangkan siswa laki-laki 20%. Untuk soal no 2 presentase jawaban siswa perempuan dan siswa laki-laki sama yaitu 10%. Untuk soal no 3 presentase jawaban siswa perempuan 35% dan siswa laki laki 25%. Kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) adalah siswa sulit dalam mengubah soal cerita ke dalam kalimat matematika, siswa sulit memahami informasi yang disajikan sehingga tidak dapat membuat penyelesaian, siswa tidak dapat menentukan himpunan penyelesaian menggunakan eliminasi dan substitusi dan siswa sulit memahami konsep SPLDV.
Analisis Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Siswa SMK Pada Materi Fungsi Kelas XI
Authors: Manalu Arpin Chronika Saida , Septiahani Asri , Permaganti Bunga , Melisari Melisari , Jumiati Yeti , Hidayat Wahyu 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana kemampuan koneksi matematis yang dimiliki oleh siswa SMK kelas XI pada materi fungsi. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah 15 orang siswa kelas XI di SMK Kartini Bhakti Mandiri. Instrumen soal yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa 3 buah soal yang mengacu pada indikator kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa. Teknik menganalisis data yang dilakukan yaitu menilai hasil jawaban siswa dan menentuka kriteria persentase kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa tergolong dalam kategori sedang, yang terlihat dari persentasi kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa pada indikator mengenali dan menerapkan matematika dalam kontek-konteks di luar matematika.
Peripheral nerve field stimulation in medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Klein Johann , Siepmann Timo , Schackert Gabriele , Ziemssen Tjalf , Juratli Tareq A. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE
Case reports and small patient series have suggested peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) as a treatment for refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, the authors aimed to assess the effects of this technique on long-term pain severity.

METHODS
Data were prospectively collected on patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to MS who underwent PNFS between July 2013 and August 2017 at the authors’ neurosurgical department. Patients were evaluated before and after the first treatment as well as at follow-up at least twice a year. Patients underwent assessment of their pain severity using the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Scale before treatment and at follow-up and were questioned about adverse events following cranial MRI performed after implantation of a permanent PNFS system.

RESULTS
Eight patients (3 women) underwent PNFS trials and their median age was 61 years (IQR 73.75 − 46.5 years). Seven patients proceeded to permanent implantation of the stimulation system. At a median follow-up of 33 months (IQR 42 − 24 months), pain severity decreased from baseline to the last follow-up (BNI score decrease from V [IQR V − V] to III [IQR V − III], p = 0.054). Four patients experienced long-lasting benefit (at 48, 33, 24, and 15 months’ follow-up, respectively), while in 3 patients the treatment eventually failed after an initially successful period. One patient had an infection, requiring system removal and subsequent reimplantation. No other complications occurred. No adverse events were noted in the patients undergoing MRI postimplantation.

CONCLUSIONS
This analysis indicates a possibly beneficial long-term effect of PNFS on refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to MS in some patients.
The endoscopic endonasal eustachian tube anterolateral mobilization strategy: minimizing the cost of the extreme-medial approach
Authors: Labib Mohamed A. , Belykh Evgenii , Cavallo Claudio , Zhao Xiaochun , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Little Andrew S. , Ferreira Mauro A. T. , Preul Mark C. , Youssef A. Samy , Nakaji Peter 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVEThe ventral jugular foramen and the infrapetrous region are difficult to access through conventional lateral and posterolateral approaches. Endoscopic endonasal approaches to this region are obstructed by the eustachian tube (ET). This study presents a novel strategy for mobilizing the ET while preserving its integrity. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with previous ET management paradigms are also presented.METHODSTen dry skulls were analyzed. Four ET management strategies were sequentially performed on a total of 6 sides of cadaveric head specimens. Four measurement groups were generated: in group A, the ET was intact and not mobilized; in group B, the ET was mobilized inferolaterally; in group C, the ET underwent anterolateral mobilization; and in group D, the ET was resected. ET range of mobilization, surgical exposure area, and surgical freedom were measured and compared among the groups.RESULTSWide exposure of the infrapetrous region and jugular foramen was achieved by removing the pterygoid process, unroofing the cartilaginous ET up to the level of the posterior aspect of the foramen ovale, and detaching the ET from the skull base and soft palate. Anterolateral mobilization of the ET facilitated significantly more retraction (a 126% increase) of the ET than inferolateral mobilization (mean ± SD: 20.8 ± 11.2 mm vs 9.2 ± 3.6 mm [p = 0.02]). Compared with group A, groups C and D had enhanced surgical exposure (142.5% [1176.9 ± 935.7 mm2] and 155.9% [1242.0 ± 1096.2 mm2], respectively, vs 485.4 ± 377.6 mm2 for group A [both p = 0.02]). Furthermore, group C had a significantly larger surgical exposure area than group B (p = 0.02). No statistically significant difference was found between the area of exposure obtained by ET removal and anterolateral mobilization. Anterolateral mobilization of the ET resulted in a 39.5% increase in surgical freedom toward the exocranial jugular foramen compared with that obtained through inferolateral mobilization of the ET (67.2° ± 20.5° vs 48.1° ± 6.7° [p = 0.047]) and a 65.4% increase compared with that afforded by an intact ET position (67.2° ± 20.5° vs 40.6° ± 14.3° [p = 0.03]).CONCLUSIONSAnterolateral mobilization of the ET provides excellent access to the ventral jugular foramen and infrapetrous region. The surgical exposure obtained is superior to that achieved with other ET management strategies and is comparable to that obtained by ET resection.
Riluzole enhances the antitumor effects of temozolomide via suppression of MGMT expression in glioblastoma
Authors: Yamada Tetsuya , Tsuji Shohei , Nakamura Shinsuke , Egashira Yusuke , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Nakayama Noriyuki , Yano Hirohito , Iwama Toru , Hara Hideaki 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVEGlutamatergic signaling significantly promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioblastoma (GBM). Riluzole, a metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 inhibitor, reportedly suppresses GBM growth. However, the effects of combining riluzole with the primary GBM chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide (TMZ), are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of combinatorial therapy with TMZ/riluzole for GBM in vitro and in vivo.METHODSThree GBM cell lines, T98G (human; O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase [MGMT] positive), U87MG (human; MGMT negative), and GL261 (murine; MGMT positive), were treated with TMZ, riluzole, or a combination of both. The authors performed cell viability assays, followed by isobologram analysis, to evaluate the effects of combinatorial treatment for each GBM cell line. They tested the effect of riluzole on MGMT, a DNA repair enzyme causing chemoresistance to TMZ, through quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in T98G cells. Furthermore, they evaluated the efficacy of combinatorial TMZ/riluzole treatment in an orthotopic mouse allograft model of MGMT-positive GBM using C57BL/6 J mice and GL261 cells.RESULTSRiluzole displayed significant time- and dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effects on all GBM cell lines assessed independently. Riluzole enhanced the antitumor effect of TMZ synergistically in MGMT-positive but not in MGMT-negative GBM cell lines. Riluzole singularly suppressed MGMT expression, and it significantly suppressed TMZ-induced MGMT upregulation (p < 0.01). Furthermore, combinatorial TMZ/riluzole treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth in the intracranial MGMT-positive GBM model (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSRiluzole attenuates TMZ-induced MGMT upregulation and enhances the antitumor effect of TMZ in MGMT-positive GBMs. Therefore, combinatorial TMZ/riluzole treatment is a potentially promising novel therapeutic regimen for MGMT-positive GBMs.
Age dependency and modification of the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score
Authors: Eibach Michael , Won Sae-Yeon , Bruder Markus , Keil Fee , Herrmann Eva , Berkefeld Joachim , Seifert Volker , Konczalla Juergen 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVEThe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score (SEBES) system measures cerebral edema on CT and can be used to predict outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The authors developed a modified SEBES (SEBES 6c) and assessed whether it could predict outcome after SAH better than the SEBES. Furthermore, they verified the age dependency of these scores.METHODSIn this retrospective study, all patients with aneurysmal SAH in the period from January 2011 to February 2017 at a single institution were analyzed. The SEBES, which is based on the absence of visible sulci at two defined CT levels (0–4 points), and the SEBES 6c were determined from the initial CT. The SEBES 6c system includes the two levels from the original SEBES and one level located 2 cm below the vertex (0–6 points). The authors investigated whether the various SEBESs are age dependent and if they can predict delayed infarction (DI) and outcome.RESULTSTwo hundred sixty-one patients met the study inclusion criteria. The SEBES was an independent predictor for DI (OR 1.6 per 1-point increase) and unfavorable outcome (OR 1.36 per 1-point increase), in accordance with findings in the first publication on SEBES. However, here the authors found that the SEBES was age dependent. In the age group younger than 60 years, the patients with high-grade SEBESs (3–4 points) had DIs and unfavorable outcomes significantly more often than the patients with low-grade scores (0–2 points). In the age groups 60–69 years and ≥ 70 years, no significant differences in DI and outcome were identified between high-grade and low-grade scores, although trends toward DI and unfavorable outcomes among the 60–69 age group were noted in patients with high-grade SEBESs.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that SEBES 6c had a higher prognostic value in predicting outcome than SEBES (p < 0.001). Furthermore, SEBES 6c predicted an unfavorable outcome (OR 1.31 per 1-point increase) and DI (OR 1.36 per 1-point increase) independent of vasospasms. SEBES 6c showed an age dependency similar to that of SEBES.CONCLUSIONSSEBES 6c is more suitable for predicting outcome after SAH than SEBES. Furthermore, it predicts outcome and DI independently of vasospasm, so it can be used to differentiate between early brain injury– and vasospasm-dependent infarctions and outcome. However, SEBES and SEBES 6c are both age dependent and can be used for patients aged < 60 years and may have limited suitability for patients aged 60–69 years and no suitability for patients aged ≥ 70 years.
Late (5–20 years) outcomes after STA-MCA anastomosis and encephalo-duro-myo-arterio-pericranial synangiosis in patients with moyamoya disease
Authors: Kuroda Satoshi , Nakayama Naoki , Yamamoto Shusuke , Kashiwazaki Daina , Uchino Haruto , Saito Hisayasu , Hori Emiko , Akioka Naoki , Kuwayama Naoya , Houkin Kiyohiro 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESurgical revascularization is known to reduce the incidence of further ischemic and hemorrhagic events in patients with moyamoya disease, but the majority of previous studies report only short-term (< 5 years) outcomes. Therefore, in this study the authors aimed to evaluate late (5–20 years) outcomes of moyamoya patients after superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis and indirect bypass (encephalo-duro-myo-arterio-pericranial synangiosis [EDMAPS]).METHODSCumulative incidences of late morbidity/mortality and disease progression were evaluated among 93 patients who underwent STA-MCA anastomosis and EDMAPS. All of the patients were prospectively followed up for longer than 5 years postsurgery (10.5 ± 4.4 years). There were 35 pediatric and 58 adult patients. Initial presentation included transient ischemic attack/ischemic stroke in 80 patients and hemorrhagic stroke in 10 patients, and 3 patients were asymptomatic. Surgery was performed in a total of 141 hemispheres. Follow-up MRI/MRA was performed within a 6- or 12-month interval during the follow-up periods.RESULTSDuring the follow-up periods, 92/93 patients were free from any stroke or death, but 1 patient had a recurrence of hemorrhagic stroke (0.10% per patient-year). Disease progression occurred in the territory of the contralateral carotid or posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in 19 hemispheres of 15 patients (1.5% per patient-year). The interval between initial surgery and disease progression varied widely, from 0.5 to 15 years. Repeat bypass surgery for the anterior and posterior circulation resolved ischemic attacks in all 10 patients.CONCLUSIONSThe study results indicate that STA-MCA anastomosis and EDMAPS would be the best choice to prevent further ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke for longer than 10 years on the basis of the demonstrated widespread improvement in cerebral hemodynamics in both the MCA and ACA territories in the study patients. However, after 10 years postsurgery regular follow-up is essential to detect disease progression in the territory of the contralateral carotid artery and PCA and prevent late cerebrovascular events.
Comparative anatomical analysis between the minipterional and supraorbital approaches
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Rafael , Albonette-Felicio Thiago , Hardesty Douglas A. , Prevedello Daniel M. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE
Keyhole approaches, namely the minipterional approach (MPTa) and the supraorbital approach (SOa), are alternatives to the standard pterional approach to treat lesions located in the anterior and middle cranial fossae. Despite their increasing popularity and acceptance, the indications and limitations of these approaches require further assessment. The purpose of the present study was to determine the differences in the area of surgical exposure and surgical maneuverability provided by the MPTa and SOa.

METHODS
The areas of surgical exposure afforded by the MPTa and SOa were analyzed in 12 sides of cadaver heads by using a microscope and a neuronavigation system. The area of exposure of the region of interest and surgical freedom (maneuverability) of each approach were calculated.

RESULTS
The area of exposure was significantly larger in the MPTa than in the SOa (1250 ± 223 mm2 vs 939 ± 139 mm2, p = 0.002). The MPTa provided larger areas of exposure in the ipsilateral and midline compartments, whereas there was no significant difference in the area of exposure in the contralateral compartment. All targets in the anterior circulation had significantly larger areas of surgical freedom when treated via the MPTa versus the SOa.

CONCLUSIONS
The MPTa provides greater surgical exposure and better maneuverability than that offered by the SOa. The SOa may be advantageous as a direct corridor for treating lesions located in the contralateral side or in the anterior cranial fossa, but the surgical exposure provided in the midline region is inferior to that exposed by the MPTa.
Hospital volume-outcome relationship in severe traumatic brain injury: stratified analysis by level of trauma center
Authors: Tsai Sung Huang Laurent , Goyal Anshit , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Yolcu Yagiz Ugur , Wahood Waseem , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Burns Terry C. , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE
The nature of the volume-outcome relationship in cases with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear, with considerable interhospital variation in patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to understand the state of the volume-outcome relationship at different levels of trauma centers in the United States.

METHODS
The authors queried the National Trauma Data Bank for the years 2007–2014 for patients with severe TBI. Case volumes for each level of trauma center organized into quintiles (Q1–Q5) served as the primary predictor. Analyzed outcomes included in-hospital mortality, total hospital length of stay (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Multivariable regression models were performed for in-hospital mortality, overall complications, and total hospital and ICU LOSs to adjust for possible confounders. The analysis was stratified by level designation of the trauma center. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.001 to avoid a type I error due to a large sample size.

RESULTS
A total of 122,445 patients were included. Adjusted analysis did not demonstrate a significant relationship between increasing hospital volume of severe TBI cases and in-hospital mortality, complications, and nonhome hospital discharge disposition among level I–IV trauma centers. However, among level II trauma centers, hospital LOS was longer for the highest volume quintile (adjusted mean difference [MD] for Q5: 2.83 days, 95% CI 1.40–4.26 days, p < 0.001, reference = Q1). For level III and IV trauma centers, both hospital LOS and ICU LOS were longer for the highest volume quintile (adjusted MD for Q5: LOS 4.6 days, 95% CI 2.3–7.0 days, p < 0.001; ICU LOS 3.2 days, 95% CI 1.6–4.8 days, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Higher volumes of severe TBI cases at a lower level of trauma center may be associated with a longer LOS. These results may assist policymakers with target interventions for resource allocation and point to the need for careful prehospital decision-making in patients with severe TBI.