bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
J point elevation in high precordial leads associated with risk of ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Hasegawa Yuki , Watanabe Hiroshi , Ikami Yasuhiro , Otsuki Sou , Iijima Kenichi , Yagihara Nobue , Izumi Daisuke , Minamino Tohru 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe significance of high precordial electrocardiograms in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is unknown.MethodThis study included 50 consecutive patients (48 men; age, 42 ± 18 years) who had spontaneous ventricular fibrillation not linked to structural heart disease and received implantable cardiac defibrillator therapy. IVF was diagnosed in 35 patients and Brugada syndrome was diagnosed in other 15 patients. Electrocardiograms in high intercostal space were compared between 35 patients with IVF and 105 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (patient: control ratio, 1:3).ResultsThe frequency of J point elevation ≥ 0.1 mV in the 4th intercostal spaces was similar between patients with IVF (14%) and healthy controls (7%). However, the frequency of J point elevation ≥ 0.1 mV in the 3rd intercostal space was higher in patients with IVF (40%) than controls (11%) (p < .01). J point elevation was present only in the 3rd intercostal space but not in the 4th intercostal space in 30% of patients with IVF but only in 6% of controls (p < .01). During follow‐up, the recurrence of ventricular fibrillation was higher in patients with IVF who had J point elevation in the 3rd intercostal space (36%) and Brugada syndrome(40%) than those with IVF who did not have J point elevation in the 3rd intercostal space(11%) (p < .05 for both).ConclusionJ point elevation in the 3rd intercostal space was associated with IVF and recurrences of ventricular fibrillation. Electrocardiogram recordings in the high intercostal space may be useful to identify risk of sudden death.
Polymyxin B hemoperfusion in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with endotoxic shock: Case series from EUPHAS2 registry
Authors: De Rosa Silvia , Cutuli Salvatore Lucio , Ferrer Ricard , Antonelli Massimo , Ronco Claudio ,   the COVID‐19 EUPHAS2 Collaborative Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been shown to involve the gastrointestinal tract, which implies bacterial translocation and endotoxemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of extracorporeal endotoxin removal by Polymyxin B hemoperfusion (PMX‐HP), in the treatment of patients with COVID‐19 and secondary bacterial infection. We conducted a subgroup analysis of a multicenter, multinational, prospective, and observational web‐based database (EUPHAS2 registry). We included 12 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection confirmed by real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction from nasal/oral swab, admitted to the intensive care unit between February and May 2020, who were affected by septic shock and received PMX‐HP as per clinical indication of the attending physician. Septic shock was diagnosed in nine patients (75%), with a median time between symptoms onset and PMX‐HP treatment of 16 (14‐22) days. We identified Gram‐negative bacteria in most of the microbiological cultures (N = 17, 65%), followed by Gram‐positive bacteria in (N = 4, 15%), fungi (N = 3, 12%) and no growth (N = 2, 8%). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score progressively improved over the next 120 hours following PMX‐HP and it was associated with median endotoxin activity assay (EAA) decrease from 0.78 [0.70‐0.92] at T0 to 0.60 [0.44‐0.72] at T120 (P = .245). A direct correlation was observed between SOFA score and EAA. Lung Injury Score decreased and was associated with hemodynamic improvement over the same period. No statistically significant difference was observed for RIFLE score at each time point. Nine out of 12 patients (75%) required continuous renal replacement therapy because of acute kidney injury. In a series of consecutive COVID‐19 patients with endotoxic shock, PMX‐HP was associated with organ function recovery, hemodynamic improvement, and contemporary EAA level reduction. No PMX‐HP‐related complications were observed.
Driveline damage and repair in continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices: A systematic review
Authors: D'Antonio Nicholas D. , Maynes Elizabeth J. , Tatum Robert T. , Prochno Kyle W. , Saxena Abhiraj , Maltais Simon , Samuels Louis E. , Morris Rohinton J. , Massey H. Todd , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith mounting time on continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) support, patients occasionally sustain damage to the device driveline. Outcomes associated with external and internal driveline damage and repair are currently not well documented. We sought to evaluate the outcomes of driveline damage and its repair. Electronic search was performed to identify all relevant studies published over the past 20 years. Fifteen studies were selected for analysis comprising of 55 patients with CF‐LVAD dysfunction due to driveline damage. Demographic and perioperative variables along with outcomes including survival rates were extracted and pooled for the systematic review. Most patients (53/55) were supported on HeartMate II LVAD (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL). Internal damage was more commonly reported than external damage [69.1% (38/55) vs. 30.9% (17/55), P = .01]. Median time to driveline damage was 1.9 years [IQR 1.0, 2.5]. Most patients presented with a CF‐LVAD alarm [94.5% (52/55)] and patients with internal driveline damage had a significantly higher rate of alarm activation compared to that observed for those with external damage [38/38 (100%) vs. 14/17 (82.4%), P = .04]. Patients with internal driveline dysfunction were more likely to experience component wear compared to those with external driveline dysfunction [10/38 (26.3%) vs. 0/17 (0%), P = .05]; 14.5% of patients (8/55) underwent external repair of the driveline, 5.5% (3/55) were treated with rescue tape, and 5.5% (3/55) were placed on an ungrounded cable, indicating a short‐to‐shield event had occurred. A total of 49.1% of patients (27/55) underwent CF‐LVAD exchange, 5.5% (3/55) were weaned off the CF‐LVAD to explant, and 5.5% (3/55) underwent emergent heart transplantation. The median length of hospital stay was 12 days [IQR 7, 12] and 30‐day mortality rate was 14.5% (8/55). Driveline damage was more commonly reported at an internal location and despite being a well‐recognized complication, mortality still appears high.
The impact of advanced age‐related macular degeneration on the National Eye Institute’s Visual Function Questionnaire‐25
Authors: Patnaik Jennifer L. , Lynch Anne M. , Pecen Paula E. , Jasso Maria , Hanson Kara , Mathias Marc T. , Palestine Alan G. , Mandava Naresh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess visual function among patients diagnosed with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) by stage of disease and laterality.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional cohort study of 739 AMD patients and their responses to the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire‐25 (NEI VFQ‐25) at time of study enrolment. Patients with AMD were categorized into Early/Intermediate AMD and three groups of advanced AMD: (i) neovascular AMD (NV), (ii) geographic atrophy (GA) and (iii) Both Advanced forms. These three advanced stages were further stratified into unilateral or bilateral advanced disease. Mean composite scores and subscale scores for 12 different areas were based on a 100‐point scale with the lowest and highest possible scores set at 0 and 100, respectively. Scores for the advanced AMD groups were compared with Early/Intermediate AMD using general linear modelling.ResultsA total of 739 AMD patients (294 Early/Intermediate, 115 GA, 168 NVAMD and 162 Both Advanced) were included in the analysis. Mean composite scores were highest among Early/Intermediate patients (89.9), followed by patients diagnosed with unilateral disease in the Both Advanced (88.0) and NV (86.1) groups. Mean composite scores were similar for bilateral NV (82.9) and unilateral GA (81.7), and mean scores were lowest for the bilateral GA (71.3) and bilateral Both Advanced (68.5) groups. In general, this pattern persisted across the twelve subscales as well. Subscale scores ranged from a low of 35.1 for driving among bilateral Both Advanced patients to a high of 99.2 for colour vision among patients with unilateral Both Advanced. Overall, patients with unilateral advanced disease consistently had higher mean scores than their bilateral counterparts. The largest difference was 19.5 composite score points between the unilateral and bilateral Both Advanced groups, there was a difference of 10.4 points between the GA groups, and a relatively small difference of 3.2 points between the NV groups.ConclusionsWe found large differences in visual function as reported from the VFQ‐25 across the different types of advanced stage AMD groups and number of eyes affected with advanced AMD. These findings demonstrate the importance of accounting for the type and number of eyes affected by advanced stage AMD.
Daratumumab monotherapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, focussed on clinical trial‐unfit patients and subsequent therapy
Authors: Park Sung‐Soo , Min Byun Ja , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Kim Kihyun , Jung Sung‐Hoon , Lee Je‐Jung , Min Chang‐Ki 
Published: December 2020

SummaryReal‐world outcomes of daratumumab monotherapy (DM) for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) have remained unclear. We conducted a multicentre retrospective study of 107 patients receiving DM for RRMM. The cohort included 64 trial‐unfit patients whose characteristics could not meet inclusion criteria in two previous clinical trials (GEN501 and SIRIUS). The overall response rate (ORR), and median first and second progression‐free survival (PFS1 and PFS2) and overall survival were 42·1%, and 3·6, 8·1 and 11·9 months, respectively. Refractoriness to carfilzomib and/or lenalidomide, and neutropenia (<1.0 × 109/l) resulted in poorer ORRs. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of ≥3, neutropenia (<1.0 × 109/l), thrombocytopenia (<75 × 109/l), and renal failure (glomerular filtration rate of <20 ml/min/1·73 m2) were associated with poor PFS1 and PFS2 in respective univariate analysis. The modified trial‐unfit group, based on the above factors, showed significantly negative impacts on PFS1 and PFS2 (hazard ratio 2·823 and 3·677, all P < 0·001) in multivariate analysis despite having a 34% ORR. Fatal infections occurred more often in the modified trial‐unfit group than in the others (16·1% vs. 4·3%; P = 0·099). Despite failure of DM, subsequent therapy with pomalidomide‐based therapy or carfilzomib‐dexamethasone provided a 66·6% ORR. Real‐world DM showed favourable efficacies for RRMM and, potentially, additional benefits with subsequent therapies. However, characteristics corresponding with trial‐unfitness might offset the efficacy of DM.
Targeting the mutant PIK3CA gene by DNA‐alkylating pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide in cervical cancer
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sakthisri , Yoda Hiroyuki , Hiraoka Kiriko , Inoue Takahiro , Lin Jason , Shinozaki Yoshinao , Watanabe Takayoshi , Koshikawa Nobuko , Takatori Atsushi , Nagase Hiroki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPIK3CA is the most frequently mutated oncogene in cervical cancer, and somatic mutations in the PIK3CA gene result in increased activity of PI3K. In cervical cancer, the E545K mutation in PIK3CA leads to elevated cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. In the present study, we designed and synthesized a novel pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide‐seco‐CBI conjugate, P3AE5K, to target the PIK3CA gene bearing the E545K mutation, rendered possible by nuclear access and the unique sequence specificity of pyrrole‐imidazole polyamides. P3AE5K interacted with double‐stranded DNA of the coding region containing the E545K mutation. When compared with conventional PI3K inhibitors, P3AE5K demonstrated strong cytotoxicity in E545K‐positive cervical cancer cells at lower concentrations. PIK3CA mutant cells exposed to P3AE5K exhibited reduced expression levels of PIK3CA mRNA and protein, and subsequent apoptotic cell death. Moreover, P3AE5K significantly decreased the tumor growth in mouse xenograft models derived from PIK3CA mutant cells. Overall, the present data strongly suggest that the alkylating pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide P3AE5K should be a promising new drug candidate targeting a constitutively activating mutation of PIK3CA in cervical cancer.
The Role of Alternative Theories and Anomalous Evidence in Children’s Scientific Belief Revision
Authors: Ganea Patricia A. , Larsen Nicole E. , Venkadasalam Vaunam P. 
Published: December 2020

Children’s naive theories include misconceptions which can interfere with science learning. This research examined the effect of pairing anomalies with alternative theories, and their order of presentation, on children’s belief revision. Children believe that heavy objects sink and light ones float. In a pre‐, mid‐, and post‐test design, 5‐year‐olds (N = 96) were assigned to one of two conditions, where they were either exposed to an alternative theory about buoyancy and then observed anomalies (Explanation‐First), or the reverse (Anomalies‐First). At mid‐test, children were more likely to revise their beliefs after exposure to an alternative theory than anomalies alone. At post‐test, children revised their naïve belief when they had access to an alternative theory before the anomalous evidence than in the opposite order.
ClipFlip : Multi‐view Clipart Design
Authors: Shen I‐Chao , Liu Kuan‐Hung , Su Li‐Wen , Wu Yu‐Ting , Chen Bing‐Yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present an assistive system for clipart design by providing visual scaffolds from the unseen viewpoints. Inspired by the artists' creation process, our system constructs the visual scaffold by first synthesizing the reference 3D shape of the input clipart and rendering it from the desired viewpoint. The critical challenge of constructing this visual scaffold is to generate a reference 3D shape that matches the user's expectations in terms of object sizing and positioning while preserving the geometric style of the input clipart. To address this challenge, we propose a user‐assisted curve extrusion method to obtain the reference 3D shape. We render the synthesized reference 3D shape with a consistent style into the visual scaffold. By following the generated visual scaffold, the users can efficiently design clipart with their desired viewpoints. The user study conducted by an intuitive user interface and our generated visual scaffold suggests that our system is especially useful for estimating the ratio and scale between object parts and can save on average 57% of drawing time.
Endothelial glycocalyx as an important factor in composition of blood‐brain barrier
Authors: Zhao Fangfang , Zhong Liyuan , Luo Yumin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe blood‐brain barrier is a dynamic and complex neurovascular unit that protects neurons from somatic circulatory factors as well as regulates the internal environmental stability of the central nervous system. Endothelial glycocalyx is a critical component of an extended neurovascular unit that influences the structure of the blood‐brain barrier and plays various physiological functions, including an important role in maintaining normal neuronal homeostasis. Specifically, glycocalyx acts in physical and charge barriers, mechanical transduction, regulation of vascular permeability, modulation of inflammatory response, and anticoagulation. Since intact glycocalyx is necessary to maintain the stability and integrity of the internal environment of the blood‐brain barrier, damage to glycocalyx can lead to the dysfunction of the blood‐brain barrier. This review discusses the role of glycocalyx in the context of the substantial literature regarding the blood‐brain barrier research, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases as well as point to new breakthroughs and innovations in glycocalyx‐dependent blood‐brain barrier function.
How to diminish the geographical bias in IPBES and related science?
Authors: Báldi András , Palotás Brigitta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo tackle the current global environmental crisis, operational science‐policy interfaces are needed. The Intergovernmental Science‐policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) provides governments with policy advice via its assessment reports. To expand the evidence‐base and to support the uptake of IPBES products, participation needs to be balanced across the globe. We found imbalance in authors’ distribution at both the UN regional and country level. It is more pronounced for IPBES‐related scientific papers than for the IPBES global assessment. The more detached from politics the decision of getting involved is, the more imbalanced the representation of the regions becomes. To improve the IPBES’ geographical balance, a strategy to increase the number of active member states is called for. We argued that without explicit efforts to reach the balance—for example, providing an attractive research environment for excellent researchers in their home country, improving cooperation among countries across the UN regions, and granting publication opportunity for all authors—the idea of geographic equality diminishes.
A silver lining to REDD: Institutional growth despite programmatic failure
Authors: Borgerhoff Mulder Monique , Caro Tim , Ngwali Assa Sharif 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhat happens when conservation interventions ostensibly fail? We outline a REDD+ intervention on Zanzibar, Tanzania which is adapting to a failure to implement carbon compensation payments and to the increased global price of cloves. Using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods we provide preliminary evidence that well‐managed shehia (wards) with registered Community Forestry Management Agreements (CoFMAs) are slowing their rates of deforestation. We also find an increase in the number of shehia with CoFMAs despite the absence of carbon payments. Using this island‐wide case study we make inferences about the mechanisms whereby institutional expansion has occurred in ways consistent with cultural evolutionary dynamics of institutional change. We draw lessons for planning and practice that may help with the design of future conservation interventions and with bolstering the morale and effectiveness of disappointed partners.
An overview of COVID‐19 in people with diabetes: Pathophysiology and considerations in the inpatient setting
Authors: Fleming Nicola , Sacks Lori J. , Pham Cecilia T. , Neoh Sandra L. , Ekinci Elif I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has continued to have a devastating impact on health worldwide. There has been a rapid evolution of evidence, establishing an increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and concurrent COVID‐19. The objective of this review is to explore the current evidence for inpatient assessment and management of diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic and highlight areas requiring further exploration.MethodsA literature search of databases was conducted to November 2020 using variations on keywords SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19, SARS, MERS and diabetes. Information relating to the impact of diabetes on severity of COVID‐19 infection, the impact of COVID‐19 infection on diabetes management and diabetes‐related complications was integrated to create a narrative review.DiscussionPeople with diabetes and COVID‐19 are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. It is important that people with both known and previously unrecognised diabetes and COVID‐19 be promptly identified and assessed during acute illness, with close monitoring for clinical deterioration or complications. People with diabetes may require titration or alteration of their glycaemic management due to the potential for worse outcomes with hyperglycaemia and COVID‐19 infection. Comprehensive discharge planning is vital to optimise ongoing glycaemic management.ConclusionFurther understanding of the risk of adverse outcomes and optimisation of glycaemic management for people with diabetes during COVID‐19 is required to improve outcomes. Increased glucose and ketone monitoring, substitution of insulin for some oral anti‐hyperglycaemic medications and careful monitoring for complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis should be considered.
Monetary payoffs modulate reciprocity expectations in outcome evaluations: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Li Jin , Xu Nian , Zhong Yiping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChoosing cooperation or aggression relies on reciprocity preferences which refer to the tendency of an individual to return cooperative or aggressive action for cooperative or aggressive action (i.e., positive or negative reciprocity preference). The reciprocity preference is positively correlated with reciprocity expectation, wherein individuals with stronger reciprocity preferences may have higher expectations than future cooperative or aggressive behavior should be delivered by beneficiaries (positive reciprocity expectation) or victims (negative reciprocity expectation). Although previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of monetary payoffs enhances reciprocity preferences, the modulation of monetary payoffs in reciprocity expectations remains unclear. Using event‐related potentials (ERPs), we examined how monetary payoffs modulated reciprocity expectations by adopting the Chicken game. Participants were asked to choose between cooperation and aggression with a putative opponent in the Chicken game involving the monetary (vs. non‐monetary) payoffs. Participants’ electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded when they saw the opponent's cooperative or aggressive decision. Results showed that compared to the non‐monetary payoff trials, the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) effect in response to the opponent's decisions was stronger following the participant's aggressive decision in the monetary payoff trials, whereas P3 was insensitive to monetary payoffs. These findings suggest that monetary payoffs heighten expectations of negative reciprocity at the earlier and automatic outcome processing stage.