bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalance of Using Cigarette,Alcohol,Substance Among High School Students and Factors Affected Them
Authors: Levent Y , Ozer A , Gokce A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Usage rate of cigarette, alcohol, and substance is increasing day by day.Protectiv efactors have primary importance for prevention of substance use.The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalance of using cigarette, alcohol and substance and research relationship between risk factories and substance using, among high school students.

Methods
Ä°n Malatya city there are 17866 Anatolian, 14381 Vocational,10362 Religious high school students.Totally all of this 42629 students form the universe of this cross-sectional study. When the prevalance of using cigarette accepted as 25 % in high school students; sample size in Anatolian high school,Occupatioanal high school and Religious high school was found 283, 283 and 280 respectively.This survey was conducted in 9 different high schools which choosed by stratified sampling method, and 975 high school students have been reached in this survey.Ä°n the statistical analysing of data,Chi square test, logistic regression test were used.

Results
The prevalance of cigarette, alcohol and substance using found 34%, 14.3% and 4.2% respectivey among students participating in the survey.Cigarette using; in male students is 2.2 times higher (Cl 95%,1.661-3.073), in alcohol users is 7.6 times higher(Cl 95%,4.919-11.834)(p &lt; 0.05).Alcohol using is 9.6 times higher(Cl 95%, 5.712-16.250) in cigarette smokers(p &lt; 0.05).And alcohol using in students with alcohol use in their families is 26.8 times higher(Cl 95%,12.489-57.711)(p &lt; 0.05).Substance using; found 12.2 times higher(Cl 95%,4.900-30.566) in alcohol users,2.4 times higher(Cl 95%,5.712-16.250) in cigarette smokers and 5.6 times higher(Cl 95%,1.366-23.068)in students with substance use in their families (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Cigarette using is more common in males and alcohol users.Alcohol use increses in smokers and students with alcohol use in their families.Substance use among students increases when student uses cigarette or alcohol and if there are substanceuse in their families.

Key messages
Alcohol use increses in smokers, smoking increses in alcohol users. Substance use increses in smokers, alcohol users and in the students with substance use in their families.
Cesarean delivery and its social determinants in women of childbearing age: analysis of Benin’s DHS
Authors: Kpozehouen A , Glèlè Ahanhanzo Y , Klikpo E , Azandjeme C , Metonnou C , Mongbo V , Ouendo E M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Caesarean delivery, usually performed on a medical indication, is intended for maternal or fetal rescue. Accessibility issues justify setting up a so-called model of “free caesarean” in several developing countries, including Benin, in order to reduce social inequalities and contribute to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. The study aimed to identify the determinants associated with caesarean delivery in women aged 15-49 in Benin.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of data from Benin’s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2017 - 2018. It was limited to mothers aged 15 to 49 who gave birth to at least one child in the 5 years preceding the survey. The socio-demographic characteristics of the mother and the variables related to pregnancy were the independent variables. Association between cesarean delivery and its determinants was assessed by odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval using a logistic regression.

Results
The percentage of mothers who gave birth by caesarean was 6.84%, 95% CI = [6.07; 7.59]. The average age was 29.37 years, 95% CI = [29.20; 29.55]. The probability of cesarean delivery was higher with women aged 45 years and older (OR = 3.33, 95% CI = [1.85, 6.01]), living in urban areas (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = [1.08 1.84]), from rich or very rich households (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = [1.29, 3.05], OR = 1.87, 95% CI = [1.19, 2.96] respectively) and educated (OR = 1.63 95% CI = [1.19, 2.24] and OR = 1.81, 95% CI = [0.97, 3.39] for the secondary and upper levels respectively).

Conclusions
This analysis shows that cesarean delivery remains associated with the socio-demographic characteristics of the mother, including the level of economic well-being. The current financing model of cesarean should be evaluated for effectiveness and further interventions need to be implemented to account for other factors of disparity.

Key messages
Benin health authorities should improve the geographical accessibility of Cesarean section, especially in rural areas. The strategies proposed to improve the financial accessibility of cesarean section do not seem effective, so the Beninese authorities should think about revising them.
Pregnancy warning labels on alcohol packaging: results of an exploratory study
Authors: Millot A , Gallopel-Morvan K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In 2017, approximately 11% of pregnant women in France consumed alcohol despite its harmful consequences on the fetus (Andler, 2018). Our research aims at exploring the impact of warnings displayed on alcohol packaging: the current pictogram and alternative possible messages that differ regarding content and design will be explored.

Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 French women, including women who did not drink alcohol during their pregnancy, women who drank alcohol, women in pregnancy planning and breastfeeding mothers.
Questions were asked about the participants perception of drinking alcohol during pregnancy, alcohol warnings: the current pictogram, new contents (negative and positive) for warnings and new designs (different pictograms combined with or without text). A thematic content analysis was carried out.

Results
The current pictogram lacks visibility and has no impact on the behaviour of the women.
New suggested contents were on the whole welcomed. It can be noted that some participants felt that specific messages (e.g. intellectual disabilities, facial malformations etc.) were a more effective way of preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy than general ones. On the contrary, other participants felt that a general message such as ’Zero alcohol during pregnancy’, or positive messages such as a cessation service message, was more effective.
The majority of participants believed that pictograms with a better visibility; more eye-catching; vivid images of fetuses, etc., would have a greater impact on alcohol consumption.

Conclusions
This study highlights the need for changes to pictogram currently used on alcohol packaging in France. Our results show that recent changes proposed by the French government (a slight increase in the size of the current pictogram) will most likely have little effect on preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Key messages
The current pictogram on alcohol bottles in France has little or no effect. The French government should implement new warnings both in terms of content and design.
Socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants of the micronutrients status during pregnancy
Authors: Polanska K , Trafalska E , Hanke W , Wesolowska E , Jankowska A , Kaluzny P , Janasik B , Gromadzinska J , Wasowicz W , Calamandrei G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Micronutrients status during pregnancy is recognized as one of the environmental factors that can have an impact on maternal and children’s health. The study aims at evaluating sociodemographic, lifestyle, environmental, and pregnancy-related determinants of maternal micronutrients status during pregnancy.
The analysis was based on data from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL). During the second trimester of pregnancy, 1306 women filled in a modified version of the validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) based on which the intake of the following micronutrients was estimated: calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, folate, vitamin D, vitamin A and vitamin E. In addition, copper, zinc and selenium levels were measured in the blood collected during the second trimester of pregnancy.
About 95% of the women took dietary supplements during pregnancy. Despite such supplementation in the case of a high proportion of the women the intake of majority of the analyzed micronutrients was below recommendations for the pregnancy period (based on the Estimated Average Requirement). The mean plasma zinc, copper and selenium concentrations were 0.9±0.3 mg/l, 2.0±0.6 mg/l and 48.4±10.5 ug/l, respectively. The chance to reach the recommended intake for vitamin A, vitamin D and selenium was higher among the multiparous women (OR = 1.53 p = 0.007; OR = 1.44 p = 0.02; OR = 1.48 p = 0.009) and for zinc among the women with a higher socio-economic status (SES) (OR = 1.43 p = 0.04). For other variables the results were not statistically significant. A higher selenium level in the plasma was observed among the older women (p = 0.01) and those with a higher SES (p = 0.03).
The current study presents evidence on specific factors influencing the micronutrients intake. They need to be accounted for in educational programs and interventions that focus on healthy diet recommendations during pregnancy.

Key messages
In the case of a high proportion of the women the intake of majority of the analyzed micronutrients was below recommendations for the pregnancy period. More effort should be taken to educational programs and interventions that focus on healthy diet recommendations during pregnancy.
Abriendo Futuros: An empowerment program for indigenous adolescent girls in Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: Romero F , Cicolella L , Larrea S , Domínguez D , Aponte A , Del Valle A , Hallman K , Vieitez I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Abriendo Futuros is a a girl-centered empowerment program that engages community leaders and trains older indigenous girls as mentors to run community girls’ clubs, known as safe spaces. Mentors work directly with indigenous girls to deliver program curricula tailored to the girls’ specific and unique needs to builds girls’ assets in areas such as sexual and reproductive education, gender equality, violence prevention, leadership, financial education and healthy lifestyles.

Objectives
The program aims to improve critical health, social, and cognitive skills that help girls have a voice and choice in their lives and allows them to draw the path to a healthy adult life, overcoming the risks present in their context. The program was implemented in 8 rural communities in the south of Yucatan. A total of 657 girls were enrolled over the 18-month-implementation period (2015 - 2017).

Results
A quasi-experimental evaluation was implemented in 11 communities (8 intervention and three control). Preliminary findings, using the Propensity Score Matching technique, suggest significant positive effects on intermediate outcomes such as financial literacy, attitudes towards gender norms, sexual reproductive health knowledge, social capital, and perceived exposure to physical violence. No statistically significant results were achieved in main outcomes (reduce adolescent pregnancy and school dropout). We associate this, mainly to the fact that the intervention was only at an individual level, but also to the limited sample size and the brief observation period (18 months).

Conclusions
Girl-centered programming increases access to spaces where girls meet to expand their knowledge and social networks and build assets that reduce their risks and broadens their opportunities. However, further evidence is needed on multi-level and multisector girl-centered interventions to address teenage pregnancy and other complex issues.

Key messages
The program generates a social safety net among girls and mentors that is key to the well-being of girls. Girl-centered programs have positive effects on girĺs empowerment for girls who live in vulnerable situations and unequal social contexts.
How adolescents use an online question-answer (QA) service to address their mental issues
Authors: Sand K , Tøndel G , Lassemo E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Ung.no is Norway’s largest information website directed at adolescents, with more than 800 000 users per month. Ung.no offers an online QA service in which 13-20-year-olds post their questions and get answers from professionals. Anonymous answers are publicly available online. Descriptive analysis of over 125 000 questions written to ung.no from 2016-2018 showed that most adolescents asked questions about body and health. Subsequent qualitative content analyses of the body-and-health-questions showed that mental health is one of the most prominent topics in the adolescents’ questions. The aim of the present study is to investigate how adolescents use the QA service to address mental issues.

Methods
A random selection of 360 questions - stratified by age and gender - concerning body and health were made. The questions were analysed by use of a qualitative thematic analysis with a functional textual approach, i.e. examining the questions’ linguistic functions.

Results
In the sample, 20 % of the questions concerned mental issues, ranging from negative feelings of sadness, fear or anger, to disorders such as psychosis and depression and grave issues such as suicidal thoughts and self-harm. Three main functions of the adolescents’ questions were identified: 1) Telling about their troubles for the first time; some of them did not ask a question in their post, they just described their feelings; 2) Asking what to do when nothing else has been of help and 3) Seeking confirmation of information they have already received from health experts, teachers, parents or friends, or read on the internet.

Conclusions
A low threshold service such as an anonymous QA service seems to be useful for adolescents when they need and want to tell about their mental issues or seek help, often for the first time. The outreach of the ung.no QA service is universal, and hence has great potential public health impact.

Key messages
Adolescents use a low threshold online QA service to address a wide range of mental problems. Adolescents use a low threshold online QA service to tell about their mental issues for the first time.
Employment and health of working parents: a joint effort to uncover hidden treasures in birth cohorts
Authors: Albin M , Bültmann U , Casas M , Lawlor D A , Lendzhova V , Leombruni R , Lissaker C , Lucas R , Maule M , Peters S , Polańska K , Sarac J , Selander J , Skroder H , Mehlum I S , Ubalde-Lopez M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Birth and child cohorts include a wealth of valuable and under-utilized data on employment and health of parents during pregnancy, at birth and often at one or more follow-up assessments.
OMEGA-NET is a EU COST Action aimed at creating a network to optimize the use of European occupational, industrial and population cohorts and to promote health research on occupation and employment. Within this network, Task Group 3.3 is exploring the possibility of exploiting birth cohort data to investigate the interplay between health, socio-economic conditions, working life and work participation of parents around and after the birth of their children, identify gaps in knowledge, and devise strategies to fill them.
Using a web-based database, www.birthcohorts.net, we have identified cohorts with occupational and health information in up to 200,000 parents. Out of 47 cohorts with information on mothers, maternal employment status and occupational exposures during pregnancy were recorded in 18 and 35 cohorts, respectively. For paternal exposures, the corresponding numbers were 6 and 15. To exploit these data, many challenges have to be overcome, primarily harmonization of exposures and outcomes. Cohorts cover different time periods and geographical regions, which can be at the same time a challenge and a blessing, providing hints on causal effects and mechanisms. Other strengths of pooling birth cohorts include the life-course nature of data and the possibility to investigate neglected occupationally-related exposures like work-family conflicts and their effects on health.
We argue that parental data collected in birth cohorts are a valuable under-exploited source of information that would allow cross-national comparisons of the relationships between work, career trajectories and health of young parents.

Key messages
Birth cohorts hide a treasure of occupational and health information of young working parents. OMEGA-NET has plans to dig them out to investigate their interplay.
Sickness absence and disability pension in relation to first childbirth: three cohorts in Sweden
Authors: Bjorkenstam C , Orellana C , Laszlo K , Svedberg P , Voss M , Lidwall U , Lindfors P , Alexanderson K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Childbirth is suggested to be associated with elevated levels of sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). However, knowledge about patterns of SA/DP before and after childbirth as compared to patterns among women who remain nulliparous is limited. We aimed to compare SA/DP across several periods among women with different childbirth status.

Methods
We analysed three population-based cohorts of all women aged 18-39 years who had not previously given birth and who lived in Sweden on 31 December 1994, 1999, or 2004, respectively. We compared crude and standardized annual mean SA and DP net days during three years preceding to three years after the date of first childbirth, among women having (1) their first and only birth during the subsequent three years, (2) their first birth and at least another delivery, and (3) no childbirths before, nor during the study period.

Results
Despite an increase in SA in the year preceding the first childbirth, women who gave birth, and especially women with multiple births, tended to have lower levels of SA/DP days throughout the years than women without childbirths. SA/DP days varied across age groups; young women (aged 18-24 years) without childbirths had fewer SA days, but more DP days than their same-aged counterparts who gave birth, regardless of year. These results did not differ across the three cohorts, suggesting that the results were not affected by period effects.

Conclusions
Women with more than one childbirth had fewer days of SA and DP, as compared to women with one childbirth and to women having no births. Thus, childbirth does not seem to be associated with higher levels of SA and DP. Some of these results can be due to a health selection into giving birth, especially having more births.

Key messages
Except for the year before delivery, i.e., when pregnant, women giving birth had fewer SA and DP days than women with no births. Thus, childbirth does not seem to be associated with higher SA and DP. Women who had more than one childbirth had less SA/DP days than those with one childbirth.
Factors associated with the use of non-pharmacological analgesia for labor pain management
Authors: Merrer J , Chantry A A , Khoshnood B , Blondel B , Le Ray C , Bonnet M P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
For a decade, pain labor management has evolved: if neuraxial analgesia remains the gold standard, non-pharmacological methods are developing. We aimed to identify individual and organizational factors associated with the use of non-pharmacological analgesia, combined or not with neuraxial analgesia.

Methods
Women who attempted vaginal delivery with labor analgesia were selected from the 13,147 participants of the 2016 National Perinatal Survey. Labor analgesia was studied as follows: neuraxial analgesia only (NA), non-pharmacological analgesia only (NPA) or neuraxial and non-pharmacological methods combined (NA+NPA). Associations between individual and organizational characteristics were studied using a multilevel multinomial logistic regression.

Results
Among the 9 231 women included, 62.4% had NA only, 6.5% had NPA only and 31.1% had NA+NPA. Both NPA and NA+NPA were associated with multiparity with antenatal classes, educational level ≥ 5 years post graduate, antenatal preference to deliver without NA, and delivery in public maternity units. The use of NPA only was positively associated with non-permanent availability of the anesthesiologist and with a high number of midwives per shift in maternity units. Contrastingly, NPA only was negatively associated with foreign nationality and oxytocin use for induction or augmentation of obstetrical labor. NA+NPA was positively associated with primiparity with antenatal classes, but negatively with inadequate prenatal care.

Conclusions
Less than 40% of parturients used non-pharmacological analgesia during labor and for the most of them as complementary methods to neuraxial analgesia. NPA and NA+NPA were associated with individual characteristics as well as characteristics of management of labor and organization of maternity units. Non-pharmacological analgesia appears to be dedicated to high educated and well-integrated women in perinatal health care system.

Key messages
Less than 40% of parturients used non-pharmacological analgesia during labor and for the most of them as complementary methods to neuraxial analgesia. Non-pharmacological analgesia appears to be dedicated to high educated and well-integrated women in perinatal health care system.
Umbilical cord care through community-based distribution of chlorhexidine in rural Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Shah M , Jamali Q , Aisha F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Unsafe practices such as cutting umbilical cord with unsterilized instruments and application of harmful substances, are in practice in many rural areas of Pakistan, and associated with high risk of neonatal sepsis and mortality.

Methods
We conducted an implementation research in 2015 in Tharparkar district, in Sindh province of Pakistan to understand the feasibility and acceptability of community-based distribution of chlorhexidine (CHX) in rural Pakistan. For this cohort group-only study, 225 lady health workers (LHWs) enrolled 495 pregnant women. Enrolled women received 4% CHX gel and user’s instructions for newborn cord care. The LHWs also counseled women on the benefits and correct use of CHX. Study enumerators collected data from CHX receiving women 3 times: at around 2 weeks before delivery, within 24 hours after delivery, and on the 8th day after delivery. We implemented this study jointly in collaboration with Ministry of Health in Sindh province, Pakistan.

Results
Among enrolled participants, 399 women (81%) received only the first visit, 295 women (60%) received first two visits and 261 women (53%) received all three visits by enumerators. Among 399 women, who received CHX gel, counseling on its use and were respondent to the first round data collection, 78% remembered that the CHX gel to be applied to cord stump and surrounding areas immediately after birth; but less than a third (29%) forgot the need to keep the cord clean and dry. Among 295 respondents in the first two rounds of data collection, who delivered at home, 97% applied CHX to cord stump on the first day.

Conclusions
Community-based CHX distribution by LHWs, along with counseling to recipient women, resulted in a high rate of cord care with CHX among newborn delivered at home. Results from this study may help program implementers to consider expanding this intervention for improving newborn cord care on the first day of life in Pakistan.

Key messages
Community-based distribution of chlorhexidine for newborn cord care appears as highly acceptable and feasible in rural communities in Pakistan. Relevant program policy supporting community-based CHX distribution along with counseling by LHW may help expanding coverage of newborn cord care in rural communities in Pakistan.