bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbitrarily high time bandwidth performance in a nonreciprocal optical resonator with broken time invariance
Authors: Cardea Ivan , Grassani Davide , Fabbri Simon J. , Upham Jeremy , Boyd Robert W. , Altug Hatice , Schulz Sebastian A. , Tsakmakidis Kosmas L. , Brès Camille-Sophie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost present-day resonant systems, throughout physics and engineering, are characterized by a strict time-reversal symmetry between the rates of energy coupled in and out of the system, which leads to a trade-off between how long a wave can be stored in the system and the system’s bandwidth. Any attempt to reduce the losses of the resonant system, and hence store a (mechanical, acoustic, electronic, optical, or of any other nature) wave for more time, will inevitably also reduce the bandwidth of the system. Until recently, this time-bandwidth limit has been considered fundamental, arising from basic Fourier reciprocity. In this work, using a simple macroscopic, fiber-optic resonator where the nonreciprocity is induced by breaking its time-invariance, we report, in full agreement with accompanying numerical simulations, a time-bandwidth product (TBP) exceeding the ‘fundamental’ limit of ordinary resonant systems by a factor of 30. We show that, although in practice experimental constraints limit our scheme, the TBP can be arbitrarily large, simply dictated by the finesse of the cavity. Our results open the path for designing resonant systems, ubiquitous in physics and engineering, that can simultaneously be broadband and possessing long storage times, thereby offering a potential for new functionalities in wave-matter interactions.
Adolescents exhibit reduced Pavlovian biases on instrumental learning
Authors: Raab Hillary A. , Hartley Catherine A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultiple learning systems allow individuals to flexibly respond to opportunities and challenges present in the environment. An evolutionarily conserved “Pavlovian” learning mechanism couples valence and action, promoting a tendency to approach cues associated with reward and to inhibit action in the face of anticipated punishment. Although this default response system may be adaptive, these hard-wired reactions can hinder the ability to learn flexible “instrumental” actions in pursuit of a goal. Such constraints on behavioral flexibility have been studied extensively in adults. However, the extent to which these valence-specific response tendencies bias instrumental learning across development remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that while Pavlovian response biases constrain flexible action learning in children and adults, these biases are attenuated in adolescents. This adolescent-specific reduction in Pavlovian bias may promote unbiased exploration of approach and avoidance responses, facilitating the discovery of rewarding behavior in the many novel contexts that adolescents encounter.
Complex study on compression of ECG signals using novel single-cycle fractal-based algorithm and SPIHT
Authors: Nemcova Andrea , Vitek Martin , Novakova Marie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCompression of ECG signal is essential especially in the area of signal transmission in telemedicine. There exist many compression algorithms which are described in various details, tested on various datasets and their performance is expressed by different ways. There is a lack of standardization in this area. This study points out these drawbacks and presents new compression algorithm which is properly described, tested and objectively compared with other authors. This study serves as an example how the standardization should look like. Single-cycle fractal-based (SCyF) compression algorithm is introduced and tested on 4 different databases—CSE database, MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, High-frequency signal and Brno University of Technology ECG quality database (BUT QDB). SCyF algorithm is always compared with well-known algorithm based on wavelet transform and set partitioning in hierarchical trees in terms of efficiency (2 methods) and quality/distortion of the signal after compression (12 methods). Detail analysis of the results is provided. The results of SCyF compression algorithm reach up to avL = 0.4460 bps and PRDN = 2.8236%.
Contribution to the reproductive ecology of Notoscopelus resplendens (Richardson, 1845) (Myctophidae) in the Central-Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Sarmiento-Lezcano A. N. , Triay-Portella R. , Guerra-Marrero A. , Jiménez-Alvarado D. , Rubio-Rodríguez U. , Núñez-González` R. , Bordes F. , Castro J. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNotoscopelus resplendens is an abundant myctophid in the region of the Central-Eastern Atlantic. As with a majority of other myctophid species, this species performs vertical migration, playing a key role in the oceanic food web and in carbon sequestration. We examined the reproductive biology of N. resplendens based on 579 specimens caught between 1997 and 2002 off the Canary Islands. We found that the maximum standard length (SL) was lower than the size reported by other authors. The sex ratio was not different from 1:1. The average size at first maturity (L50) was higher in females (60.34 mm SL) than in males (56.61 mm SL). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) at 50% sexual maturity in females was higher than that in males. The reproductive activity was observed from January to April, while from May onwards, the majority of fish caught were in the process of maturation. The macroscopic scale of maturation was validated through the histological analysis of the ovarian development. The batch fecundity was related to the standard length, with an average of 1068.69 ± 369.84 eggs/spawn. These first data obtained for N. resplendens indicated that it is a batch spawner with asynchronous ovarian development.
Discrimination of dissociated lymphoma cells from leukocytes by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Iwasaki Yuko , Kawagishi Masahiko , Takase Hiroshi , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiagnosis of intraocular lymphoma is difficult. Among the hurdles in the diagnosis are the variety of reactive inflammatory and ischemic changes among intraocular lymphoma patients. Thus, a novel diagnostic method is desired such that lymphoma cells can be distinguished by the signals intrinsic to the cells, not by those from the surrounding tissues with reactive changes. Raman spectroscopy is a technique that can detect intrinsic signals from each cell. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy is a good candidate for an intraocular evaluation technology that could contribute to improve the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma. In this study, we tested whether the intrinsic Raman signals from malignant lymphoma cells, in the absence of surrounding tissue, were sufficient for the discrimination of malignant lymphoma cells from leukocytes. We acquired spectra from dissociated lymphoma cells, along with spectra from normal B cells and other leukocytes involved in intraocular inflammatory diseases. We analysed the spectra using principal component analyses and quadratic discriminant analyses. We found that Raman spectra from dissociated cells without confounding tissues showed high discriminating ability, regardless of the variation due to day-to-day differences and donor differences. The present study demonstrates the possible effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy as a tool for intraocular evaluation.
The genomes of a monogenic fly: views of primitive sex chromosomes
Authors: Andere Anne A. , Pimsler Meaghan L. , Tarone Aaron M. , Picard Christine J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe production of male and female offspring is often determined by the presence of specific sex chromosomes which control sex-specific expression, and sex chromosomes evolve through reduced recombination and specialized gene content. Here we present the genomes of Chrysomya rufifacies, a monogenic blow fly (females produce female or male offspring, exclusively) by separately sequencing and assembling each type of female and the male. The genomes (> 25X coverage) do not appear to have any sex-linked Muller F elements (typical for many Diptera) and exhibit little differentiation between groups supporting the morphological assessments of C. rufifacies homomorphic chromosomes. Males in this species are associated with a unimodal coverage distribution while females exhibit bimodal coverage distributions, suggesting a potential difference in genomic architecture. The presence of the individual-sex draft genomes herein provides new clues regarding the origination and evolution of the diverse sex-determining mechanisms observed within Diptera. Additional genomic analysis of sex chromosomes and sex-determining genes of other blow flies will allow a refined evolutionary understanding of how flies with a typical X/Y heterogametic amphogeny (male and female offspring in similar ratios) sex determination systems evolved into one with a dominant factor that results in single sex progeny in a chromosomally monomorphic system.
SERRS multiplexing with multivalent nanostructures for the identification and enumeration of epithelial and mesenchymal cells
Authors: Litti Lucio , Colusso Andrea , Pinto Marcella , Ruli Erlis , Scarsi Alessia , Ventura Laura , Toffoli Giuseppe , Colombatti Marco , Fracasso Giulio , Meneghetti Moreno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLiquid biopsy represents a new frontier of cancer diagnosis and prognosis, which allows the isolation of tumor cells released in the blood stream. The extremely low abundance of these cells needs appropriate methodologies for their identification and enumeration. Herein we present a new protocol based on surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) gold multivalent nanostructures to identify and enumerate tumor cells with epithelial and mesenchimal markers. The validation of the protocol is obtained with spiked samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Gold nanostructures are functionalized with SERRS labels and with antibodies to link the tumor cells. Three types of such nanosystems were simultaneously used and the protocol allows obtaining the identification of all individual tumor cells with the help of a Random Forest ensemble learning method.
Modulation of Rab7a-mediated growth factor receptor trafficking inhibits islet beta cell apoptosis and autophagy under conditions of metabolic stress
Authors: Hewawasam Nirun V. , Lhaf Fadel , Taylor Henry A. , Viloria Katrina , Austin Amazon , King Aileen , Jones Peter , Jones Lucy , Turner Mark D. , Hill Natasha J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRegenerative medicine approaches to enhancing beta cell growth and survival represent potential treatments for diabetes. It is known that growth factors such as insulin, IGF-1 and HGF support beta cell growth and survival, but in people with type 2 diabetes the destructive effects of metabolic stress predominate and beta cell death or dysfunction occurs. In this study we explore the novel hypothesis that regulation of growth factor receptor trafficking can be used to promote islet beta cell survival. Growth factor signalling is dependent on the presence of cell surface receptors. Endosomal trafficking and subsequent recycling or degradation of these receptors is controlled by the Rab GTPase family of proteins. We show that Rab7a siRNA inhibition enhances IGF-1 and HGF signalling in beta cells and increases expression of the growth factor receptors IGF-1R and c-Met. Furthermore, Rab7a inhibition promotes beta cell growth and islet survival, and protects against activation of apoptosis and autophagy pathways under conditions of metabolic stress. This study therefore demonstrates that Rab7a-mediated trafficking of growth factor receptors controls beta cell survival. Pharmaceutical Rab7a inhibition may provide a means to promote beta cell survival in the context of metabolic stress and prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Exploring source differences on diet-tissue discrimination factors in the analysis of stable isotope mixing models
Authors: Kadye Wilbert T. , Redelinghuys Suzanne , Parnell Andrew C. , Booth Anthony J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStable isotope mixing models are regularly used to provide probabilistic estimates of source contributions to dietary mixtures. Whilst Bayesian implementations of isotope mixing models have become prominent, the use of appropriate diet-tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs) remains as the least resolved aspect. The DTDFs are critical in providing accurate inferences from these models. Using both simulated and laboratory-based experimental data, this study provides conceptual and practical applications of isotope mixing models by exploring the role of DTDFs. The experimental study used Mozambique TilapiaOreochromis mossambicus, a freshwater fish, to explore multi-tissue variations in isotopic incorporation patterns, and to evaluate isotope mixing model outputs based on the experiment- and literature-based DTDFs. Isotope incorporation patterns were variable for both muscle and fin tissues among the consumer groups that fed diet sources with different stable isotope values. Application of literature-based DTDFs in isotope mixing models consistently underestimated the dietary proportions of all single-source consumer groups. In contrast, application of diet-specific DTDFs provided better dietary estimates for single-source consumer groups. Variations in the proportional contributions of the individual sources were, nevertheless, observed for the mixed-source consumer group, which suggests that isotope assimilation of the individual food sources may have been influenced by other underlying physiological processes. This study provides evidence that stable isotope values from different diet sources exhibit large variations as they become incorporated into consumer tissues. This suggests that the application of isotope mixing models requires consideration of several aspects such as diet type and the associated biological processes that may influence DTDFs.
Augmented extended Kalman filter with cooperative Bayesian filtering and multi‐models fusion for precise vehicle localisations
Authors: Xiao Guangcong , Song Xiaolin , Cao Haotian , Zhao Song , Dai Hongliang , Li Mingjun 
Published: September 2020

Self‐localisation is vital for autonomous vehicles. In this study, the authors present an augmented extended Kalman filter (AEKF) framework for intelligent vehicle localisation applications. Compared to the previous approach, the proposed AEKF is enhanced through a model fusion, which incorporates a constant velocity model, constant acceleration model, constant turn rate and velocity, and constant turn rate and acceleration model by using the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy inference technique, where the typical prediction procedure in the extended Kalman filter is modified by a fusion of those various motion models for the state estimation. Furthermore, they proposed a flexible cooperative Bayesian filter to incorporate the data from nearby‐vehicles’ position and lateral distance from the host vehicle to the lane lines, to improve the raw global positioning system (GPS) performance under multi‐sensor observation environments. They conduct simulation experiments under vividly, near‐realistic scenarios with random traffic‐flows to show the superiorities of the proposed framework when compared with the consumer‐grade GPS implementation. The results show that the obtained positioning enhancement can significantly reduce the positioning error from the original larger than 5 m to the sub‐meter level under various scenarios.
Cushing’s Disease due to ACTH Secreting Pituitary Microadenoma: A Single Institutional Experience of Four Cases
Authors: Gandhi Ashok , Barhate Mayur V. , Jain Shashikant K. , Gandhi Sapna A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractACTH secreting pituitary adenomas are rare occurrences in autoptical, surgical and neuroradiological series. We herewith describe a series of four patients of Cushing’s disease due to ACTH secreting pituitary microadenoma. All patients presented with signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism. Hormonal testing and bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling were indicative of pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Dynamic sellar MRI was suggestive of asymmetric pituitary, with suspect pituitary microadenoma in all cases. Three patients were operated for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery, while one patient refused surgery and was managed with ketoconazole. During postoperative period, remission of hypercortisolism was ensured in two patients, while one patient continued to have raised levels of cortisol. One patient with raised levels of cortisol during postoperative period was prescribed Ketoconazole for 6 months. Histopathology confirmed the presence of pituitary adenoma. Adenoma displayed ACTH immunoreactivity. Our cases indicate that ACTH secreting pituitary microadenoma may occur in patients with Cushing’s disease. Careful radiological, surgical and pathological examination is necessary to recognize this condition and avoid surgical failure.
Accumulation model of gas hydrate in the Chaoshan depression of South China Sea, China
Authors: Zhong Guangjian , Yan Pin , Sun Ming , Yu Jinhui , Feng Changmao , Zhao Jing , Yi Hai , Zhao Zhongquan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The northern waters of the South China Sea are rich in natural gas hydrate resources. The source of gas is a crucial factor controlling the formation of natural gas hydrates. Gas sources that form natural gas hydrates can be related to three categories: pyrolysis genesis, biological genesis, and inorganic genesis. A series of large- and medium-sized Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basins have developed in the northern South China Sea. These basins are rich in organic matter and there are multiple sets of source rocks buried deeply, which are the main gas sources for hydrate accumulation. The Chaoshan Depression is the largest Mesozoic residual depression in the northern South China Sea. Analysis of geochemical and geological samples show that there is a significant oil and gas leakage activity on the seabed. Seismic data and drilling confirmed the existence of natural gas hydrates in Chaoshan Depression. The natural gas hydrate accumulation pattern of Chaoshan Depression is a leak- type accumulation, which has the characteristics of unique structure, abundant Mesozoic gas source, and development of faulting system.
Calculation of Energy Parameters of LNG Power Plant with Utilization its Cold Energy
Authors: Uglanov Dmitry , Tremkina Olga , Sarmin Dmitry , Manakova Olga , Lopatin Alexey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes the possibility of using a cryogenic power plant as part of a hybrid engine, which can be used in the system of urban transport infrastructure. The model of this cryogenic power plant consists of main contour and auxiliary contour of power plants. The parameters of a hybrid cryogenic power plant were evaluated and the characteristics of the main contour of a hybrid power plant driven by a piston expander and a turbo expander with heat input from both the ambient and the exhaust gases of a diesel engine were calculated. Liquid methane is used as the main fuel. The optimal operation cycle of the auxiliary contour of power plant itself has been determined. For this purpose the main parameters of Rankin and Brayton cycles have been analyzed - consumption, power, efficiency. Besides, the most suitable cryogenic fuels for efficient operation were determined and the schemes of the plants were proposed. The calculations were performed using calculation algorithms, examples of which are presented in this article.
Design of a New Type of Deployable Bridge
Authors: Li Qiyu , Yuan Jiehong , Sun Haitao , Zhou Shiming , Yuxing Peng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to ensure that the rescue workers can quickly cross the natural obstacles such as ditches and valleys to enter the disaster area when the traffic facilities are destroyed Seriously by natural disasters, a new type of developable bridge is designed. The design of the bridge is based on the theory of shear hinge and the one-dimensional shear hinge element is used as the basic element. Under the function of dead-weight, the bridge can be unfolded by rope traction. It can be locked into service state after being unfolded to the design position. In this paper, through kinematic simulation and finite element static analysis, the developability and bearing capacity of the developable bridge are verified. The results show that the deployable bridge can meet the design requirements.
Three-dimensional bioprinting of aneurysm-bearing tissue structure for endovascular deployment of embolization coils
Authors: Jang Lindy K , Alvarado Javier A , Pepona Marianna , Wasson Elisa M , Nash Landon D , Ortega Jason M , Randles Amanda , Maitland Duncan J , Moya Monica L , Hynes William F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Various types of embolization devices have been developed for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. However, it is challenging to properly evaluate device performance and train medical personnel for device deployment without the aid of functionally relevant models. Current in vitro aneurysm models suffer from a lack of key functional and morphological features of brain vasculature that limit their applicability for these purposes. These features include the physiologically relevant mechanical properties and the dynamic cellular environment of blood vessels subjected to constant fluid flow. Herein, we developed three-dimensionally (3D) printed aneurysm-bearing vascularized tissue structures using gelatin-fibrin hydrogel of which the inner vessel walls were seeded with human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs). The hCMECs readily exhibited cellular attachment, spreading, and confluency all around the vessel walls, including the aneurysm walls. Additionally, the in vitro platform was directly amenable to flow measurements via particle image velocimetry, enabling the direct assessment of the vascular flow dynamics for comparison to a 3D computational fluid dynamics model. Detachable coils were delivered into the printed aneurysm sac through the vessel using a microcatheter and static blood plasma clotting was monitored inside the aneurysm sac and around the coils. This biomimetic in vitro aneurysm model is a promising method for examining the biocompatibility and hemostatic efficiency of embolization devices and for providing hemodynamic information which would aid in predicting aneurysm rupture or healing response after treatment.