bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy
Authors: Fan Shangrong , Yan Shaomei , Liu Xiaoping , Liu Ping , Huang Lei , Wang Suhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Human coronavirus (HCoV) causes potentially fatal respiratory disease. Pregnancy is a physiological state that predisposes women to viral infection. In this review, we aim to present advances in the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment in HCoV in pregnancy. We retrieved information from the Pubmed database up to June 2020, using various search terms and relevant words, including coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 2019 coronavirus disease, and pregnancy. Both basic and clinical studies were selected. We found no evidence that pregnant women are more susceptible to HCoV infection or that those with HCoV infection are more prone to developing severe pneumonia. There is also no confirmed evidence of vertical mother-to-child transmission of HcoV infection during maternal HCoV infection. Those diagnosed with infection should be promptly admitted to a negative-pressure isolation ward, preferably in a designated hospital with adequate facilities and multi-disciplinary expertise to manage critically ill obstetric patients. Antiviral treatment has been routinely used to treat pregnant women with HCoV infection. The timing and mode of delivery should be individualized, depending mainly on the clinical status of the patient, gestational age, and fetal condition. Early cord clamping and temporary separation of the newborn for at least 2 weeks is recommended. All medical staff caring for patients with HCoV infection should use personal protective equipment. This review highlights the advances in pathogenesis, maternal-fetal outcome, maternal-fetal transmission, diagnosis and treatment in HCoV including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy.
Potential Therapeutic Options for COVID-19
Authors: Zheng Xiaoqin , Li Lanjuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The recently emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a pandemic with over 10 million infections and over 500 thousand deaths. There are currently no effective therapies or vaccines available to protect against this coronavirus infection. In this review, we discuss potential therapeutic options for COVID-19 based on the available information from previous research on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Substantial efforts are underway to discover new therapeutic agents for COVID-19, including the repurposing of existing agents and the development of novel agents that specifically target SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or host factors. Through the screening of compound libraries, various classes of drugs, such as ribavirin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and hydroxychloroquine have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates against COVID-19. Novel antiviral drugs for SARS-coronavirus 2 are being developed to target viral enzymes or functional proteins, as well as host factors or cell signaling pathways.
Microbiological Characteristics and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Patients with Nosocomial Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Escherichia coli: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Tu Bo , Zhang Yuening , Bi Jingfeng , Xu Zhe , Shi Lei , Zhang Xin , Zhao Peng , Zhang Dawei , Yang Guang , Qin Enqiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Escherichia coli is a prevalent causative pathogen of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). In this retrospective study, we investigated the microbiological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli clinical isolates obtained from liver cirrhosis patients suffering from nosocomial SBP. Our results showed that extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli accounted for 47% of the cases, while 62% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. ESBL-producing and MDR isolates showed high incidences of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, but they displayed susceptibility to carbapenems, β-lactamase inhibitors, and aminoglycosides. Importantly, liver cirrhosis patients with MDR E. coli SBP showed a significantly higher death rate than patients with non-MDR infections (P = 0.021). The 30-day mortality of nosocomial SBP was independently correlated with female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 5.200, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.194–22.642], liver failure (OR = 9.609, 95% CI = 1.914–48.225), hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 8.176, 95% CI = 2.065–32.364), hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 8.176, 95% CI = 2.065–32.364), model of end-stage liver disease score (OR = 1.191, 95% CI = 1.053–1.346), white blood cell count (OR = 0.847, 95% CI = 0.737–0.973), and ascites polymorphonuclear (OR = 95.903, 95% CI = 3.410–2697.356). In conclusion, third-generation cephalosporins may be inappropriate for empiric treatment of nosocomial SBP caused by E. coli, due to the widespread presence of ESBLs and high incidence of MDR pathogens.
Defense Mechanisms, Gender, and Adaptiveness in Emerging Personality Disorders in Adolescent Outpatients
Authors: Di Giuseppe Mariagrazia , Perry John Christopher , Conversano Ciro , Gelo Omar Carlo Gioacchino , Gennaro Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present study focused on demographic and personality differences in the use of 30 defense mechanisms in adolescents with personality psychopathology and explored the hierarchical organization of personality traits based on the adaptiveness of defensive functioning. A total of 102 self-referred adolescent outpatients were interviewed and assessed on defense mechanisms and personality traits using the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales and the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure 200 for Adolescents, respectively. Age and gender differences were found throughout the hierarchy. Pearson's correlations revealed a hierarchical organization of emerging personality disorders (PDs) in adolescence. More adaptive defenses were clearly associated with healthier personality style, whereas more pathological personality styles such as those with borderline traits were characterized by more rigid and maladaptive defenses. Dissociation was also associated with maladaptive personality types. Identifying the defenses associated with emerging personality disorders may inform the unconscious function of defense mechanisms in specific PDs. The systematic assessment of defense mechanisms might also help therapists to monitor changes during treatment.
Restricted Convalescence Following Urogynecologic Procedures: 1-Year Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Mueller Margaret G. , Collins Sarah A. , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Tavathia Meera , Kenton Kimberly 
Published: September 2020

Objective
To assess the relationship between postoperative activity recommendations and satisfaction and anatomic and functional outcomes 1 year after surgery for symptomatic prolapse.

Methods
This is a planned secondary analysis reporting 1-year functional and anatomic outcomes of a multicenter, randomized, double-masked clinical trial “ReCOUP.” In the original trial, women undergoing surgery for prolapse were randomized to liberal (no limitations on physical activity) or restricted (heavy lifting and high-impact activity prohibited) postoperative activity recommendations for 3 months after surgery. At 1 year, our primary outcome was satisfaction, assessed using a 5-point Likert scale answer to the question, “How satisfied are you with the result of your prolapse surgery?” Anatomic surgical failure was met if women had prolapse beyond the hymen, apical descent greater than one third the vaginal length, OR retreatment for prolapse.

Results
Of the 95 women (n = 45 liberal, n = 50 restricted) who were randomized and completed primary 3-month outcomes, 83 (87%) completed a functional assessment, and 77 (81%) completed both functional and anatomic assessment at 1 year. Satisfaction with surgery remained high (91.5%) with no differences between groups (86.8% vs 95.6% P = 0.155) as did anatomic and functional outcomes. There were 7.8% women who met criteria for anatomic surgical failure with no difference between the restricted (7.0%) and liberal group (8.8%). Three women (2 in the restricted group, 1 in the liberal group) with recurrent prolapse and underwent surgery.

Conclusions
There were no significant differences in anatomic and functional outcomes at 12 months after surgery in women who resume postoperative activity liberally and those who restrict postoperative activity.
Role of Growth factors (HB-EGF, VEGF-A) and Immunotolerance Mediators (TNF-αIFN-γ,PD-L1 and IL-10) in Acute and Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Selvakumari M. , AnandKarthikeyan D. , Ramakrishnan R. , George Melvin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThere is an increasing evidence of immune mediated mechanism in the etiopathogenesis of Otitis Media – ‘middle ear inflammation’. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of important circulatoryregulators of‘immunotolerance’as biomarkers.Materials and MethodsIn this cross sectional study, a total of 44 OM patients and 37 controls were included. Blood plasma level of HB-EGF, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, PD-L1 and VEGF-A were quantified using Human Magnetic Luminex assay.ResultsThe study showed statistical significant differences in the levels of VEGF-A between OM patients with and without tympanic membrane perforations (p<0.05). Moreover, we found comparatively higher level of PD-L1 in OM patients than controls. However, the level of growth factor HB-EGF, is significantly higher in controls than the cases (p<0.05). There was also a correlation between the levels of HB-EGF and VEGF-A and the severity of the disease condition.ConclusionsRole of inflammatory mediators and cytokines like PD-L1, IFNγ, TNFα and IL-10in OM patients as a biomarkers are very minimal. VEFG-A have a significant role in the pathogenesis of OM.Further studies are required for better understanding of the role of these immunosuppressive mediators in the eitopathogenesis of OM.
Cognitive resilience in bilinguals and its potentiality in dealing with cognitive load
Authors: Doroud Setareh , Saeedi Zari , Radman Narges 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated different patterns of results regarding cognitive benefits of bilingualism, ranging from bilingual advantage to no effect of bilingualism. This study examined the potential effect of bilingualism on cognitive resilience and performance. We recruited 21 Persian monolinguals and 19 Persian-English bilinguals. Color-Word Stroop task was used concurrently with verbal production tasks in order to produce three levels of task difficulty, i.e., doing the Stroop task while being silent (level 1), alphabet reciting (level 2), and counting odd numbers (level 3). We investigated the pattern of changes in Stroop task performance when faced with different difficulty levels Bilinguals showed less change in their performance in the Stroop task when faced with high cognitive load (high task difficulty level). However, monolinguals showed a significant decrease in their performance when the cognitive load increased. Our data support the “Bilingual Advantage” view. However, this advantage is highlighted in cognitively demanding tasks.
The neuropeptide SMYamide, a SIFamide paralog, is expressed by salivary gland innervating neurons in the American cockroach and likely functions as a hormone
Authors: Veenstra Jan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe SMYamide genes are paralogs of the SIFamide genes and code for neuropeptides that are structurally similar to SIFamide. In the American cockroach,Periplanea americana, the SMYamide gene is specifically expressed in the SN2 neurons that innervate the salivary glands and are known to produce action potentials during feeding. The innervation of the salivary glands by the SN2 neurons is such that one has to expect that on activation of these neurons significant amounts of SMYamide will be released into the hemolymph, thus suggesting that SMYamide also functions as a hormone. In thePeriplanetagenome there are two putative SIFamide receptors and these are both expressed not only in the central nervous system and the salivary gland, but also in the gonads and other peripheral tissues. This reinforces the hypothesis that SMYamide also has an endocrine function in this species.
Making WAVES in Breedbase: An Integrated Spectral Data Storage and Analysis Pipeline for Plant Breeding Programs
Authors: Hershberger Jenna , Morales Nicolas , Simoes Christiano C. , Ellerbrock Bryan , Bauchet Guillaume , Mueller Lukas A. , Gore Michael A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTVisible and near-infrared (vis-NIRS) spectroscopy is a promising tool for increasing phenotyping throughput in plant breeding programs, but existing analysis software packages are not optimized for a breeding context. Additionally, commercial software options are often outside of budget constraints for some breeding and research programs. To that end, we developed an open-source R package,waves, for the streamlined analysis of spectral data with several cross-validation schemes to assess prediction accuracy.Wavesis compatible with a wide range of spectrometer models and performs visualization, filtering, aggregation, cross-validation set formation, model training, and prediction functions for the association of vis-NIRS spectra with reference measurements. Furthermore, we have integrated this package into the Breedbase family of open-source databases, expanding the analysis capabilities of this growing digital ecosystem to a number of crop species. Taken together, the standalone and Breedbase versions ofwavesenhance the accessibility of tools for the analysis of spectral data during the plant breeding process.Core ideaswavesis an open-source R package for spectral data analysis in plant breedingBreeding relevant cross-validation schemes to evaluate predictive accuracy of modelsExtension of Breedbase—an open-source database—to support spectral data storageGraphical user interface developed for implementation ofwavesin Breedbase
Regular caffeine intake attenuates REM sleep promotion and sleep quality in healthy men
Authors: Weibel Janine , Lin Yu-Shiuan , Landolt Hans-Peter , Berthomier Christian , Brandewinder Marie , Kistler Joshua , Rehm Sophia , Rentsch Katharina M. , Meyer Martin , Borgwardt Stefan , Cajochen Christian , Reichert Carolin F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcute caffeine intake can attenuate homeostatic sleep pressure and worsen sleep quality. Besides, caffeine intake – particularly in high doses and close to bedtime – may also affect circadian-regulated REM sleep promotion, an important determinant of subjective sleep quality. However, it is not known whether such changes persist under chronic caffeine consumption during daytime. Twenty male caffeine consumers (26.4 ± 4 years old, habitual caffeine intake 478.1 ± 102.8 mg/day) participated in a double-blind crossover study. Each volunteer completed a caffeine (3 × 150 mg caffeine daily), a withdrawal (3 × 150 mg caffeine for eight days then placebo), and a placebo condition. After ten days of controlled intake and a fixed sleep-wake cycle, we recorded 8 h of electroencephalography starting 5 h after habitual bedtime (i.e., start on average at 04:22 am which is around the peak of circadian REM sleep promotion). A 60 min evening nap preceded each sleep episode and reduced high sleep pressure levels. While total sleep time and sleep architecture did not significantly differ between the three conditions, REM latency was longer after daily caffeine intake compared to both placebo and withdrawal. Moreover, the accumulation of REM sleep proportion was slower, and volunteers reported more difficulties at awakening after sleep and feeling more tired upon wake-up in the caffeine condition compared to placebo. Our data indicate that besides acute also regular daytime caffeine intake affects REM sleep regulation in men. We have evidence that regular caffeine intake during daytime weakens circadian sleep promotion when compared to placebo. Moreover, the observed caffeine-induced deterioration in the quality of awakening may suggest a potential motive to reinstate caffeine intake after sleep.
LiftPose3D, a deep learning-based approach for transforming 2D to 3D pose in laboratory animals
Authors: Gosztolai Adam , Günel Semih , Ríos Victor Lobato , Abrate Marco Pietro , Morales Daniel , Rhodin Helge , Fua Pascal , Ramdya Pavan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMarkerless 3D pose estimation has become an indispensable tool for kinematic studies of laboratory animals. Most current methods recover 3D pose by multi-view triangulation of deep network-based 2D pose estimates. However, triangulation requires multiple, synchronized cameras and elaborate calibration protocols that hinder its widespread adoption in laboratory studies. Here, we describe LiftPose3D, a deep network-based method that overcomes these barriers by reconstructing 3D poses from a single 2D camera view. We illustrate LiftPose3D’s versatility by applying it to multiple experimental systems using flies, mice, rats, and macaque monkeys and in circumstances where 3D triangulation is impractical or impossible. Our framework achieves accurate lifting for stereotyped and non-stereotyped behaviors from different camera angles. Thus, LiftPose3D permits high-quality 3D pose estimation in the absence of complex camera arrays, tedious calibration procedures, and despite occluded body parts in freely behaving animals.
Integration of the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) with open crowdsource efforts
Authors: Freshour Sharon , Kiwala Susanna , Cotto Kelsy C. , Coffman Adam C. , McMichael Joshua F. , Song Jonathan , Griffith Malachi , Griffith Obi L. , Wagner Alex H. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb,www.dgidb.org) is a web resource that provides information on drug-gene interactions and druggable genes from various sources including publications, databases, and other web-based sources in one resource. These drug, gene, and interaction claims are normalized and grouped to identify aliases, merge concepts, and reduce redundancy. The information contained in this resource is available to users through a straightforward search interface, an application programming interface (API), and TSV data downloads. DGIdb 4.0 is the latest major update of this database. Seven new sources have been added, bringing the total number of sources included to 41. Of the previously aggregated sources, 15 have been updated. DGIdb 4.0 also includes improvements to the process of drug normalization and grouping of imported sources. Other notable updates include further development of automatic jobs for routine data updates, more sophisticated query scores for interaction search results, extensive manual curation of interaction source link outs, and the inclusion of interaction directionality. A major focus of this update was integration with crowd-sourced efforts, including leveraging the curation activities of Drug Target Commons, using Wikidata to facilitate term normalization, and integrating into NDEx for producing network representations.
Multiscale model of heart growth during pregnancy: Integrating mechanical and hormonal signaling
Authors: Yoshida Kyoko , Saucerman Jeffrey J. , Holmes Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPregnancy stands at the interface of mechanics and biology. The growing fetus continuously loads the maternal organs as circulating hormone levels surge, leading to significant changes in mechanical and hormonal cues during pregnancy. In response, maternal soft tissues undergo remarkable growth and remodeling to support the mother and baby for a healthy pregnancy. We focus on the maternal left ventricle, which increases its cardiac output and mass during pregnancy. This study develops a multiscale cardiac growth model for pregnancy to understand how mechanical and hormonal cues interact to drive this growth process. We coupled a cell signaling network model that predicts cell-level hypertrophy in response to hormones and stretch to a compartmental model of the rat heart and circulation that predicts organ-level growth in response to hemodynamic changes. We calibrated this multiscale model to data from experimental volume overload (VO) and hormonal infusions of angiotensin 2 (AngII), estrogen (E2), and progesterone (P4). We then validated the model’s ability to capture interactions between inputs by comparing model predictions against published observations for the combinations of VO+E2 and AngII+E2. Finally, we simulated pregnancy-induced changes in hormones and hemodynamics to predict heart growth during pregnancy. Our model produced growth consistent with experimental data. Overall, our analysis suggests that the rise in P4 during the first half of gestation is an important contributor to heart growth during pregnancy. We conclude with suggestions for future experimental studies that will provide a better understanding of how hormonal and mechanical cues interact to drive pregnancy-induced heart growth.
Live imaging of breast tumors shows macrophage-dependent induction and TMEM-mediated enrichment of cancer stem cells during metastatic dissemination
Authors: Sharma Ved P , Tang Binwu , Wang Yarong , Karagiannis George S , Xue Emily A , Entenberg David , Borriello Lucia , Coste Anouchka , Duran Camille L , Eddy Robert J , Kim Gina , Ye Xianjun , Jones Joan G , Grunblatt Eli , Agi Nathan , Roy Sweta , Bandyopadhyaya Gargi , Adler Esther , Surve Chinmay R , Esposito Dominic , Goswami Sumanta , Guo Wenjun , Condeelis John S , Wakefield Lalage M. , Oktay Maja H 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTCancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role during metastasis, but the dynamic behavior and induction mechanisms of CSCs are not well understood. We employed high-resolution intravital microscopy using a CSC biosensor to directly observe CSCs in live mice with mammary tumors. CSCs display the slow-migratory, invadopod-rich phenotype that is the hallmark of disseminating tumor cells. CSCs are enriched near macrophages, particularly near macrophage-containing intravasation sites called Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis (TMEM) doorways. A dramatic enrichment of CSCs occurs on association with TMEM doorways, contributing to the finding that CSCs represent ∼>60% of circulating tumor cells. Mechanistically, stemness is induced in non-stem cancer cells upon their direct contact with macrophages via Notch signaling. In breast cancers from patients, the density of TMEM doorways correlates strongly with the proportion of cancer cells expressing stem cell markers, indicating that in human breast cancer TMEM doorways are not only cancer cell intravasation portals but also CSC programming sites.One Sentence SummaryIntravital imaging reveals macrophage-mediated induction of cancer stem cells in vivo and their dramatic enrichment on dissemination through TMEM doorways.