bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis and Lu–Hf Dating of (Ultra)Mafic Rocks from the Kutná Hora Crystalline Complex: Implications for the Devonian Evolution of the Bohemian Massif
Authors: Ackerman Lukáš , Kotková Jana , Čopjaková Renata , Sláma Jiří , Trubač Jakub , Dillingerová Veronika 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Lu–Hf isotope system and Sr–Nd–Hf–Os isotope systematics of mantle rocks are capable of unravelling the early processes in collision belts, especially in a hot subduction context where the Sm–Nd and U–Pb systems in crustal rocks are prone to resetting owing to high temperatures and interaction with melts during exhumation. To improve models of the Devonian–Carboniferous evolution of the Bohemian Massif, we investigated in detail mafic and ultramafic rocks (eclogite, pyroxenite, and peridotite) from the ultrahigh-pressure and ultrahigh-temperature Kutná Hora Crystalline Complex (KHCC: Úhrov, Bečváry, Doubrava, and Spačice localities). Petrography, multiphase solid inclusions, major and trace element compositions of rocks and minerals, and radiogenic isotopic data document contrasting sources and protoliths as well as effects of subduction-related processes for these rocks. The Úhrov peridotite has a depleted composition corresponding to the suboceanic asthenospheric mantle, whereas Bečváry and Doubrava peridotites represent lithospheric mantle that underwent melt refertilization by basaltic and SiO2-undersaturated melts, respectively. Multiphase solid inclusions enclosed in garnet from Úhrov and Bečváry peridotites represent trapped H2O ± CO2-bearing metasomatizing agents and Fe–Ti-rich melts. The KHCC eclogites either formed by high-pressure crystal accumulation from mantle-derived basaltic melts (Úhrov) or represent a fragment of mid-ocean ridge basalt-like gabbroic cumulate (Spačice) and crustal-derived material (Doubrava) both metamorphosed at high P–T conditions. The Lu–Hf age of 395 ± 23 Ma obtained for the Úhrov peridotite reflects garnet growth related to burial of the asthenospheric mantle during subduction of the oceanic slab. By contrast, Spačice and Doubrava eclogites yield younger Lu–Hf ages of ∼350 and 330 Ma, respectively, representing mixed ages as demonstrated by the strong granulite-facies overprint and trace element zoning in garnet grains. We propose a refined model for the Early Variscan evolution of the Bohemian Massif starting with the subduction of the oceanic crust (Saxothuringian ocean) and associated oceanic asthenospheric mantle (Úhrov) beneath the Teplá–Barrandian at ≥380 Ma, which was responsible for melt refertilization of the associated mantle wedge (Bečváry, Doubrava). This was followed by continental subduction (∼370–360 Ma?) accompanied by the oceanic slab break-off and incorporation of the upwelling asthenospheric mantle into the Moldanubian lithospheric mantle and subsequent coeval exhumation of mantle and crustal rocks at ∼350–330 Ma.
Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context
Authors: Skoda Eva-Maria , Teufel Martin , Stang Andreas , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Junne Florian , Weismüller Benjamin , Hetkamp Madeleine , Musche Venja , Kohler Hannah , Dörrie Nora , Schweda Adam , Bäuerle Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Healthcare professionals (HPs) are the key figures to keep up the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus are one of the most vulnerable groups in this. To this point, the extent of this psychological burden, especially in Europe and Germany, remains unclear. This is the first study investigating German HPs after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods
We performed an online-based cross-sectional study after the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany (10–31 March 2020). In total, 2224 HPs (physicians n = 492, nursing staff n = 1511, paramedics n = 221) and 10 639 non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) were assessed including generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), current health status (EQ-5D-3L), COVID-19-related fear, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19.

Results
HPs showed less generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19-related fear and higher health status and subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 than the nHPs. Within the HP groups, nursing staff were the most psychologically burdened. Subjective levels of information regarding COVID-19 correlated negatively with generalized anxiety levels across all groups. Among HPs, nursing staff showed the highest and paramedics the lowest generalized anxiety levels.

Conclusions
In the context of COVID-19, German HPs seem to be less psychological burdened than nHPs, and also less burdened compared with existing international data.
Immunity passports to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic: controversies and public health risks
Authors: Liew Chee H , Flaherty Gerard T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As countries emerge from pandemic lockdown, many countries are relaxing international travel restrictions. Commercially available serologic tests for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are being performed. The concept of an ‘immunity passport’ has gained popularity, whereby evidence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody production would signal immunity to reinfection. For an immunity certificate to be validated for travel purposes, it should meet certain criteria. The introduction of such certificates faces multiple challenges. While there may be a future role for immunity passports in limited circumstances in the event that a protective vaccine becomes freely available, for now at least the risks of such an approach outweigh the perceived benefits.
The presentation, diagnosis and management of non-traumatic wrist pain: an evaluation of current practice in secondary care in the UK NHS
Authors:   The MOWP study group:, Dean Benjamin J F , Carr Andrew , Trickett Ryan W , Kluzek Stefan , Riley Nicholas , Bretherton Christopher P , Wilson Melanie K , Hayton Mike J , Rupani Neal R , Hsieh Ching Cheng Daniel , Clifton Laura J , Dacombe Peter , Milnes Lydia K , Jayasuriya Raveen L , George Harvey A , Das Rishi , Mayne Alistair , Brown Matthew T , Lipscombe Stephen J , Eastwood Gillian L , Unsworth Richard M , Wright Lucie J , As-Sultany Mohammed , Dean Benjamin J F , Carr Andrew , Trickett Ryan W , Kluzek Stefan , Riley Nicholas , Bretherton Christopher P , Wilson Melanie K , Hayton Mike J , Rupani Neal R , Hsieh Ching Cheng Daniel , Clifton Laura J , Dacombe Peter , Milnes Lydia K , Jayasuriya Raveen L , George Harvey A , Das Rishi , Mayne Alistair , Brown Matthew T , Lipscombe Stephen J , Eastwood Gillian L , Unsworth Richard M , Wright Lucie J , As-Sultany Mohammed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The study aims were to assess the burden of non-traumatic wrist pain in terms of numbers of referrals to secondary care and to characterize how patients present, are diagnosed and are managed in secondary care in the UK National Health Service.

Methods
Ten consecutive patients presenting with non-traumatic wrist pain were identified retrospectively at each of 16 participating hospitals, and data were extracted for 12 months after the initial referral.

Results
The 160 patients consisted of 100 females and 60 males with a median age of 49 years, accounting for ∼13% of all new hand/wrist referrals. The dominant wrist was affected in 60% of cases, and the mean symptom duration was 13.3 months. Diagnoses were grouped as follows: OA (31%), tendinopathy (13%), ganglion (14%), ulnar sided pain (17%) and other (25%). The OA group was significantly older than other groups, and other groups contained a predominance of females. The non-surgical interventions, in decreasing frequency of usage, were as follows: CS injections (39%), physiotherapy (32%), splint (31%) and analgesics (12%). Of those who underwent surgery, all patients had previously received non-surgical treatment, but 42% had undergone only one non-surgical intervention.

Conclusions
Non-traumatic wrist pain represents a significant burden to secondary care both in terms of new patient referrals and in terms of investigation, follow-up and treatment. Those presenting with OA are more likely to be older and male, whereas those presenting with other diagnoses are more likely to be younger and female.
Tradeoff Theory and Leverage Dynamics of High-Frequency Debt Issuers*
Authors: Eckbo B Espen , Kisser Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We test whether high-frequency net-debt issuers (HFIs)—public industrial companies with relatively low issuance costs and high debt-financing benefits—manage leverage toward long-run targets. Our answer is they do not: (1) the leverage–profitability correlation is negative even in quarters with leverage rebalancing; (2) the speed-of-adjustment to target leverage deviations is no higher for HFIs than for low-frequency net-debt issuers; and (3) under-leveraged HFIs do not speed up rebalancing activity in significant investment periods. Thus, even in the subset of firms most likely to follow dynamic trade-off theory, the theory does not appear to hold.
Hard Times: Routine Schedule Unpredictability and Material Hardship among Service Sector Workers
Authors: Schneider Daniel , Harknett Kristen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAmerican policymakers have long focused on work as a key means to improve economic wellbeing. Yet, work has become increasingly precarious and polarized. This precarity is manifest in low wages but also in unstable and unpredictable work schedules that often vary significantly week to week with little advance notice. We draw on new survey data from The Shift Project on 37,263 hourly retail and food service workers in the United States. We assess the association between routine unpredictability in work schedules and household material hardship. Using both cross-sectional models and panel models, we find that workers who receive shorter advanced notice, those who work on-call, those who experience last minute shift cancellation and timing changes, and those with more volatile work hours are more likely to experience hunger, residential, medical, and utility hardships as well as more overall hardship. Just-in-time work schedules afford employers a great deal of flexibility but at a heavy cost to workers’ economic security.
The ABCs of atrial fibrillation
Authors: El Hussein Mohamed Toufic , Kilfoil Lauren 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
This article provides an outline of the diagnosis and pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. It introduces a mnemonic for atrial fibrillation treatment guidelines based on recent evidence. Mnemonics use has been associated with improved learning and task organization.1 Articles using mnemonics to inform clinical practice have been well-received and implemented.2,3
Fetal Transient Skin Edema in Two Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Garcia-Manau Pablo , Garcia-Ruiz Itziar , Rodo Carlota , Sulleiro Elena , Maiz Nerea , Catalan Marina , Fernández-Hidalgo Nuria , Balcells Joan , Antón Andrés , Carreras Elena , Suy Anna 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
The risk of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unknown. Positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates and placental tissue have been reported, and immunoglobulin M antibodies have been detected in neonates born to mothers with infection.

CASES:
The first case is a woman at 22 3/7 weeks of gestation with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who was admitted to the intensive care unit. In the second case, the patient remained at home with mild symptoms, starting at 20 weeks of gestation. In both cases, fetal skin edema was observed on ultrasound examination while maternal SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR test results were positive and resolved when maternal SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR test results became negative. The RT-PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid was negative in both cases. The two pregnancies are ongoing and uneventful.

CONCLUSION:
Transient fetal skin edema noted in these two patients with COVID-19 in the second trimester may represent results of fetal infection or altered fetal physiology due to maternal disease or may be unrelated to the maternal illness.
Periconceptional and prenatal exposure to metal mixtures in relation to behavioral development at 3 years of age
Authors: Doherty Brett T. , Romano Megan E. , Gui Jiang , Punshon Tracy , Jackson Brian P. , Karagas Margaret R. , Korrick Susan A. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Behavioral effects of prenatal exposure to mixtures of essential and toxic metals are incompletely understood.

Methods:
We investigated neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal metal exposures in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective birth cohort. We measured metals (As, Cu, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn) in maternal prenatal and postnatal toenails and infant toenails, reflecting exposures during periconception and early pregnancy, mid pregnancy, and late pregnancy and early neonatal life, respectively. Mothers completed the Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd ed. (SRS-2) and the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd ed. (BASC-2) to assess their child’s neurobehavior at 3 years. We used mean field variational Bayes for lagged kernel machine regression to investigate associations of toenail metal concentrations with SRS-2 Total Scores and BASC-2 composite scores (SRS-2: n = 371; BASC-2: n = 318).

Results:
Infant toenail Mn was associated with poorer performance on multiple BASC-2 composite scores. Maternal postnatal toenail As was associated with worse scores on the BASC-2 Internalizing Problems and Behavioral Symptoms Index. Associations with Mn were generally stronger in males, and associations with As were generally stronger in females. Other metals, including Pb, were weakly or inconsistently associated with BASC-2 outcomes, and there were no strong associations of individual metals and SRS-2 Total Scores. We observed suggestive evidence of interaction between As and Se for SRS-2 Total Scores and BASC-2 Adaptive Skills, though overall evidence of interactions between metals was weak.

Conclusion:
Our results support the hypothesis that exposure to Mn and As in mid to late pregnancy may be neurodevelopmentally harmful.
ULTRA-WIDE FIELD FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE IMAGING OF EYES WITH STICKLER SYNDROME
Authors: Fujimoto Kazushi , Nagata Tatsuo , Matsushita Itsuka , Oku Kazuma , Imagawa Mamika , Kuniyoshi Kazuki , Hayashi Takaaki , Kimoto Kenichi , Ohji Masahito , Kusaka Shunji , Kondo Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To determine the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images and visual functions in eyes with Stickler syndrome using ultra-widefield FAF images.

Methods:
Forty-six eyes of 26 patients with mutations in the COL2A1 gene underwent ultra-widefield FAF imaging. The eyes were categorized into three types; no signs of abnormal AF, predominantly hyperfluorescent AF (hyper-AF), and predominantly hypofluorescent AF (hypo-AF). Goldmann perimetry was performed on 34 eyes, and line-scan images of the abnormal AF lesions were obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography in 4 eyes.

Results:
Abnormal AF lesions were found in 37 eyes of 21 (80.7%) of the 26 patients. Hyper-AF was found in 15 eyes and hypo-AF was found in 22 eyes. The FAF changes corresponded with the funduscopically observed radial paravascular retinal degeneration. The average age at the examination was significantly younger in patients who had eyes with hyper-AF or no abnormal AF than in those with hypo-AF (12.8 vs. 28.4 years; P = 0.009). Abnormal AF-associated visual field defects were found in 5/10 (50%) eyes with hyper-AF and 17/18 (94%) eyes with hypo-AF. Hyper-AF changes tended to appear before retinal changes were detectable by fluorescein angiography. An absence of the ellipsoid zone and the outer nuclear layer and a thinning of the overall retinal thickness were found corresponding to the hypo-AF lesions in the swept source optical coherence tomography images.

Conclusion:
Abnormal FAF is characteristic of eyes with Stickler syndrome. Age-related alterations of the FAF was associated with visual field defects and disruption of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Global Consensus on the Management of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Deng Sophie X. , Kruse Friedrich , Gomes José A. P. , Chan Clara C. , Daya Sheraz , Dana Reza , Figueiredo Francisco C. , Kinoshita Shigeru , Rama Paolo , Sangwan Virender , Slomovic Allan R. , Tan Donald ,   and the International Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Working Group
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
In recent decades, the medical and surgical treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) has evolved significantly through the incorporation of innovative pharmacological strategies, surgical techniques, bioengineering, and cell therapy. With such a wide variety of options, there is a need to establish a global consensus on the preferred approaches for the medical and surgical treatment of LSCD.

Methods:
An international LSCD Working Group was established by the Cornea Society in 2012 and divided into subcommittees. Four face-to-face meetings, frequent email discussions, and teleconferences were conducted since then to reach agreement on a strategic plan and methods after a comprehensive literature search. A writing group drafted the current study.

Results:
A consensus in the medical and surgical management of LSCD was reached by the Working Group. Optimization of the ocular surface by eyelid and conjunctival reconstruction, antiinflammatory therapy, dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction treatment, minimization of ocular surface toxicity from medications, topical medications that promote epithelialization, and use of a scleral lens is considered essential before surgical treatment of LSCD. Depending on the laterality, cause, and stage of LSCD, surgical strategies including conjunctival epitheliectomy, amniotic membrane transplantation, transplantation of limbal stem cells using different techniques and sources (allogeneic vs. autologous vs. ex vivo–cultivated), transplantation of oral mucosal epithelium, and keratoprosthesis can be performed as treatment. A stepwise flowchart for use in treatment decision-making was established.

Conclusions:
This global consensus provides an up-to-date and comprehensive framework for the management of LSCD.
Congenital melanocytic nevi
Authors: Moustafa Danna , Blundell Andrew R. , Hawryluk Elena B. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
To update pediatric providers on new developments in our understanding of the clinical presentation, genetics, and systemic risks associated with congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN).

Recent findings
CMN are primarily caused by sporadic postzygotic somatic mutations, most frequently in NRAS, and studies of the genetic underpinnings of CMN have demonstrated a diverse array of genetic drivers. The primary complications of large and giant CMN include neurocutaneous melanocytosis and malignant melanoma. Abnormalities in CNS MRI may predict a worse clinical course for patients and increased risk of melanoma. Targeted therapies of the MEK pathway have begun to be studied for the treatment of CMN and prevention of associated complications.

Summary
Patients with large and giant CMN should be managed by an interdisciplinary care team for the monitoring of dermatologic, neurologic, and psychosocial concerns. Ongoing research is underway to better characterize the genetic drivers of CMN and to better guide development of targeted therapeutics.
Recent advances in addressing vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Braun Caroline , O’Leary Sean T. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
To offer healthcare providers current, evidence-based approaches for addressing vaccine hesitancy to increase vaccine coverage and reduce the frequency of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks.

Recent findings
Vaccine hesitancy is a growing problem with profound societal, economic, and medical consequences. Understanding the complexity of vaccine hesitancy can inform approaches to increasing vaccine uptake on both the individual and population levels. Notably, pediatricians play a critical role in increasing vaccine uptake due to their relationships with families. This doctor–patient relationship establishes trust and allows evidence-based intervention strategies to be effective in the office. Understanding potential solutions outside the office, such as media campaigns and policy changes, also provide insight into vaccine hesitancy and potential directions for future research. While pediatricians’ attempts in the clinic to increase coverage remain crucial, vaccine hesitancy remains a formidable public health problem that requires attention on both the micro and macro levels to be addressed successfully.

Summary
Providers have an opportunity to increase both confidence in and uptake of vaccines. Public health interventions would effectively complement strategies in the clinic to increase overall coverage.
Influence of social media on mental health: a systematic review
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , John Nisha , Sahu Maya 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Social media's role in a user's life has increased dramatically over the past decade. It is used increasingly as a leisure activity amongst young adults. The types of social media have also diversified with time and the ease of access is worrying. Aim of the current review is to find the effect of social media use on mental health.

Recent findings
Systematic search of articles was carried out from different database from 1991 to February 2020 across five databases. The PICO guidelines, PRISMA flow diagram and Rayyan software were used in identifying relevant studies which were assessed using the risk of bias. Cross-referencing was done with the co-authors. A total of 16 studies was finally included in the review. Social media role is far reaching both in terms of an individual's self-perception and mood but also on their social relationships. It is interesting to find its effect also in politics, organizations and even psychiatric illnesses. The 16 studies were divided into the positive, negative and neutral effects of social media.

Summary
Debate over social media's role on mental health will continue till a greater number of RCTs are conducted. Various variables amongst different age groups should be measured. It would also be beneficial if longitudinal research can be done.
The onset and accumulation of physical multimorbidity in severe and common mental disorders
Authors: Filipčić Ivona Šimunović , Bajić Žarko , Filipčić Igor 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Despite of the heightened risks and burdens of physical comorbidities across the entire spectrum of mental disorders, relatively little is known about physical multimorbidity in this population. The aim of this narrative review is to present recent data regarding the onset and accumulation of physical multimorbidity and to assess its impact on the onset, course, treatment, and outcomes of mental disorders.

Recent findings
A substantial body of literature shows increased risk of physical multimorbidity among people with mental disorders. The disparity in physical multimorbidity occurs even before the diagnosis of mental disorder, and the younger age group appears to be at particular risk. Numerous patterns of association between mental disorders and medical disorders involving multiple organ systems have been identified. Physical multimorbidity affects people with mental disorders across their life spans, is associated with a wide range of unfavorable outcomes and presents significant clinical and public health concerns.

Summary
To address physical health inequalities among people with mental disorders compared with the general population, we must focus on the physical health from the very first point of contact with a mental health service. Treatment of mental disorders must be customized to meet the needs of patients with different physical multimorbidity patterns. Future work is needed to clarify how physical multimorbidity influences mental disorder treatment outcomes.