bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A Strong International Spirit’: The Influence of Internationalism on the Women’s Co-operative Guild
Authors: Hellawell Sarah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article explores the internationalism of the Women’s Co-operative Guild (WCG) during the interwar years. Drawing on the records of the national and international Guild, alongside the minute books of a local branch based in Darlington, County Durham, it positions the WCG in the vibrant political culture in Britain during the 1920s and 1930s. Building on recent literature that has sought to examine the phenomenon of interwar internationalism, this article sheds light on an organization that represented the interests of working-class women. Internationalist in outlook, the association demonstrates how internationalist ideals played out on a day-to-day basis. The article demonstrates that the WCG played a unique and complementary role within both the British and international women’s movements.
What Keeps Neonatal Nurses Up at Night and What Gets Them Up in the Morning?
Authors: Walden Marlene , Janssen Dalton W. , Lovenstein Austin 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Occupational stress in neonatal nursing is a significant professional concern. Prolonged exposure to morally distressing patient care experiences and other healthcare issues may lead to worry among nurses. When worry becomes excessive, nurses and advanced practice registered nurses may lose joy that gives meaning to their work. Enhancing meaning in work may have a positive impact on nurse satisfaction, engagement, productivity, and burnout.

Purpose:
To explore neonatal nurses' top professional satisfiers and top professional worries and concerns.

Methods:
A descriptive study was conducted in a convenience sample of neonatal nurses to identify the top professional satisfiers that get them up in the morning and the top professional worries and concerns that keep them awake at night.

Results:
Complete data were available for 29 neonatal nurses. The top professional satisfiers were caring for infants and families, making a difference, witnessing resilience, intellectual challenge of specialty, positive working relationships with colleagues, and educating parents and families. The top professional worries and concerns were staffing, missed care, workload, making a mistake, and failure to rescue.

Implications for Practice:
Healthcare and professional organizations must develop strategies to address occupational stress in today's complex healthcare environment. Identifying professional worries and concerns may help nurses navigate challenging and distressing situations. Furthermore, understanding nurses' professional satisfiers may promote personal and professional resiliency and help organizations create healthier workplace environments.

Implications for Research:
Future studies are needed to test effective interventions that may promote professional satisfaction and help neonatal nurses cope with occupational stressors.
Correction of Genu Valgum in Patients With Congenital Fibular Deficiency
Authors: Westberry David E. , Carpenter Ashley M. , Prodoehl Julia 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Patients with congenital fibular deficiency often develop genu valgum secondary to lateral femoral condylar hypoplasia. Guided growth strategies are often performed to correct limb alignment when adequate skeletal growth remains.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients with postaxial hypoplasia of the lower extremity managed with an amputation strategy and who had a guided growth procedure for coronal plane limb malalignment during their course of treatment was performed. Clinical and radiographic data, including measures of coronal plane deformity and alignment, type of amputation, subsequent operative procedures, and complications were recorded.

Results:
Seventeen patients (20 extremities) met study inclusion criteria (mean follow-up 8.8 y). Foot ablation and hemiepiphysiodesis for valgus deformity of the knee was performed in all extremities. The average age at the time of initial hemiepiphysiodesis was 11.2 years at an average of 8.8 years from the initial amputation procedure. The mean preoperative mechanical axis deviation was 26.5 mm, which was corrected to a mean mechanical axis deviation of 7.0 mm. Fifteen (75%) of the extremities had correction of the deformity to neutral alignment after the initial procedure. Lack of correction occurred in 3 extremities, and overcorrection occurred in 2 extremities. Additional procedures were required in 5 extremities for rebound valgus deformity after hardware removal.

Conclusions:
In patients with postaxial hypoplasia, regular monitoring of the residual limb for growth-related changes must occur to ensure optimal function and prosthetic fit. Timing of the guided growth procedure is critical, as younger patients may be more likely to experience rebound deformity. Families and patients should be made aware that growth might be unpredictable in this population with risks of both overcorrection and undercorrection.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Does Shorter Time to Treatment of Pediatric Femur Shaft Fractures Impact Clinical Outcomes?
Authors: Grauberger Jennifer , O’Byrne Megan , Stans Anthony A. , Shaughnessy William J. , Larson A. Noelle , Milbrandt Todd A. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Annual rankings by US News and World Report are a widely utilized metric by both health care leaders and patients. One longstanding measure is time to treatment of femur shaft fractures. Hospitals able to provide at least 80% of pediatric patients with an operating room start time within 18 hours of admission to the emergency department score better as part of the overall pediatric orthopaedic ranking. Therefore, it is important to determine whether the 18-hour treatment time for pediatric femur shaft fractures is a clinically meaningful metric.

Methods:
A retrospective review of clinical outcomes of 174 pediatric patients (aged below 16 y) with isolated femur shaft fractures (Injury Severity Score=9) was conducted from 1997 to 2017 at a single level I pediatric trauma center. The 2 comparison groups were patients receiving fracture reduction within 18 hours of emergency department admission (N=87) or >18 hours (N=87).

Results:
Patient, injury, and surgical characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Both groups had a similar mean age (treatment <18 h=7.5 y; treatment >18 h=8.1 y). Patients who received treatment within 18 hours were more often immobilized postoperatively (70.1% vs. 53.5%; P=0.0362) and had a shorter median hospital length of stay (2 vs. 3 d; P=0.0047). There were no statistically significant differences in any outcomes including surgical site infection, time to weight-bearing (treatment <18 h mean=48.1 d vs. 52.5 d), time to complete radiographic fracture healing (treatment <18 h mean=258.9 d vs. 232.0 d), decreased range of motion, genu varus/valgus, limb length discrepancy, loss of reduction, or persistent pain.

Conclusions:
Treatment of pediatric femur shaft fractures within 18 hours does not impact clinical outcomes. National quality measures should therefore use evidence-based metrics to help improve the standard of care.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level III.
Tensioning Ligament and Tendon Repairs to Bone Using a Modified Screw-post Technique
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Welder Eric , LoGiudice Tony , Goyal Kanu S. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how to tension tendon and ligament repairs or reconstructions to bone by using an oblique screw-post. A controlled experiment simulating this repair technique is reported, followed by 5 case examples.

Methods:
A wood frame model was used to test 5 initial exposed screw lengths (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 mm) and 5 screw angles [90 (perpendicular to wood plane), 75, 60, 45, 30 degrees]. A spring-based force gauge was tied to the exposed 3.5 mm cortical screw with a washer using a #2 nonabsorbable braided suture, and the screw was fully advanced. System lengths were measured before and after advancement using digital calipers. Screw angles were measured with a protractor. Analysis of variance with post hoc paired t tests was performed to compare changes in system length with different initial exposed screw length and screw angle.

Results:
Greater changes in system length was achieved with decreasing screw angle and increasing initial exposed length (P<0.05). A maximum change in system length of 12.4 mm (SD=0.4 mm) was achieved with a 45-degree screw with 20 mm initial exposed length (P<0.05). Five case examples where a screw-post was used to repair tendons and ligaments in the upper extremity are described.

Conclusions:
An oblique screw-post can advance a tendon or ligament repair to bone. This can result in increased tension of the repaired structure, potentially providing a better repair or greater joint stability.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO SCLERAL FIXATION OF POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENSES AND CAPSULAR TENSION RINGS AND SEGMENTS IN DEEP-SET EYES
Authors: Miller Charles G. , Minkus Caroline , Lyon Alice T. , Basti Surendra , Leskov Ilya 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To demonstrate a novel approach to scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses and capsular tension rings and segments in deep-set eyes using the Finesse FlexLoop (Alcon Laboratories).

Methods:
The technique described herein, based on previous approaches to scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses, uniquely employs the FlexLoop to “lasso” Gore-Tex sutures that have already been threaded through the eyelets of a CZ70BD (Alcon Laboratories) IOL and externalize them.

Results:
All patients who underwent surgery with this technique experienced visual improvement. The only complication was of mild hyphema in the patient who had a capsular tension segment placed, which resolved with medical therapy.

Conclusion:
The advantages of this procedure include a smaller diameter instrument (FlexLoop) as compared to the 25-gauge forceps typically employed, an easier to perform surgical maneuver that alleviates the need for both precise placement and constant tension to be exerted by the surgeon to grasp the sutures, as well as an instrument that can function when bent up to 45° to help accommodate deep-set eyes requiring this procedure.
Long-Term Refractive Outcome of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction in Very High Myopia
Authors: Elmassry Ahmed , Ibrahim Osama , Osman Ihab , Said Amr , Sabry Moataz , Seifelnasr Mohammed , Gaballah Karim , Abdalla Moones 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To assess the stability, safety, predictability, and efficacy of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in high myopia.

Methods:
The study was conducted as a retrospective noncomparative analysis of the records of 495 eyes of 270 patients treated by the ReLEx SMILE technique for a mean spherical myopic error of −12.84 ± 2.47 D (range: −10.0 to −14.0 D) combined with a mean astigmatism of −1.17 ± 1.34 D (up to −4.0 D). The mean LogMAR corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.2 ± 0.6. In this study, 225 patients had the bilateral SMILE procedure, whereas 45 patients had a single eye treated with SMILE.

Results:
One month after surgery, the mean refractive error was 20.72 ± 0.88 D (range: +1 to 21.5 D), and the mean postoperative astigmatism was −0.83 ± 1.04 D. The mean LogMAR UDVA was 0.2 ± 0.34. In the last follow-up visit, 3 years after surgery, all the before mentioned parameters were the same or within minimal changes with no statistically significant difference from the earlier results. However, the spherical error demonstrated a significant change from −0.72 ± 0.88 D at 1 month to −1.17 ± 1.01 D at the end of the follow-up. However, this change had an insignificant visual impact. At the end of the follow-up period, approximately 94% of patients had unchanged CDVA or gained one or more lines, 6% lost one line of CDVA, and 1% lost 2 lines.

Conclusions:
SMILE may be effective and safe, with a stable and predictable outcome for correction of very high myopia.
Corneal Epithelial “Neuromas”: A Case of Mistaken Identity?
Authors: Stepp Mary Ann , Pal-Ghosh Sonali , Downie Laura E. , Zhang Alexis Ceecee , Chinnery Holly R. , Machet Joshua , Di Girolamo Nick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:
Laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy is a useful clinical tool to assess the corneal nerves in human and laboratory animals. With this new technology, the use of terms such as “neuromas” and “microneuromas” is becoming popular to describe nerve structures seen in humans. Here, we point out that the sites where stromal nerves enter the corneal epithelium are often hyperreflective and can appear dysmorphic when imaged using in vivo confocal microscopy. Furthermore, we clarify what is known anatomically about how the nerves enter the corneal epithelium from the stroma, and we urge colleagues to differentiate between hyperreflective foci at the corneal stromal–epithelial nerve penetration sites and alterations in nerve morphology secondary to injury or disease.
Preloading Trifolded Grafts for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Affects Scroll Formation
Authors: Solar Steven J. , Deljookorani Shiva , Wiener Batya G. , Rosen Allison , Chaurasia Akash , Shahmirzadi Monady , Meshkin Ryan S. , Dzhaber Daliya , Chiang Eric , Barnes Kali , Chen Conan Y. , Koo Ellen H. , Eghrari Allen O. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
The trifolded, endothelium-in approach to Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) facilitates tissue insertion into the anterior chamber. We hypothesized that preloading the trifolded donor grafts in a cartridge for 48 hours before insertion would induce biomechanical changes that decrease their scrolling tendency compared with those loaded immediately before insertion.

Methods:
Ten Descemet membrane donor grafts, peeled and cut to 8.0 mm, were prepared by a single eye bank technician. Each graft was trifolded and pulled into a DMEK cartridge and stored for 48 hours. They were then pulled with microforceps into a petri dish filled with balanced salt solution. A video was recorded of the graft becoming a scroll over a 2-minute period. Each graft, serving as its own control, was then trifolded, pulled into the cartridge, and the process repeated. Images from 1, 5, 10, 60, and 120 seconds were extracted from video recording of the procedures. Scroll width was analyzed by graders masked to group assignment. A paired t test was used to determine differences in scroll width at each time point between the 48-hour and instant trifolding conditions.

Results:
All grafts scrolled after removal from the cartridge into balanced salt solution. We measured a significant difference at all time points 1 through 120 seconds (4.02 preloaded vs. 2.91-mm instant trifold, P = 0.035).

Conclusions:
Preloading DMEK grafts in a trifolded configuration for 48 hours reduces the scrolling tendency of Descemet membrane for at least 2 minutes.
Major Aspects of Burkholderia gladioli and Burkholderia cepacia Infections in Children
Authors: Bedir Demirdag Tugba , Ozkaya Parlakay Aslinur , Aygar Ismail Selcuk , Gulhan Belgin , Kanik Yuksek Saliha 
Published: March 2020

Background:

Burkholderia cepacia complex is an aerobic, non–spore-forming, catalase-positive, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium common in environment. It is a serious pathogen especially for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). But pathogenicity of Burkholderia is not limited to patients with CF. Herein, we aimed to reveal clinical patterns and outcomes of Burkholderia infections in pediatric patients in our hospital and also antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strain.

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted in Ankara Hematology Oncology Children’s Training and Research Hospital. Patients with isolates of Burkholderia spp. between January 6, 2013, and January 12, 2018, were included in the study.

Results:

Burkholderia spp. was isolated from 55 patients. 94.6% of these patients had underlying diseases and had prior hospitalization within a year. Burkholderia gladioli grew in 15 patients’ samples (27.3%); 38 patients grew B. cepacia (69.1%). None of the patients that B. gladioli was isolated was diagnosed as CF;. all had nosocomial infections. B. gladioli seemed to be more susceptible to aminoglycosides, piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems and ciprofloxacin than B. cepacia (P = 0.00), whereas B. cepacia seemed to be more susceptible to ceftazidime than B. gladioli (P = 0.032). In addition, B. cepacia was more susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin than B. gladioli, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.76).

Conclusions:
The incidence of nosocomial infections caused by Burkholderia spp. is rare especially in pediatric literature. In our study, nosocomial Burkholderia infections occurred mostly in intensive care unit patients. The surveillance of Burkholderia infections is still very important, and the clinicians should be aware of changing epidemiology and increasing resistance of the microorganism. Besides, there are no internationally agreed minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints and disk-diffusion test thresholds for susceptibility testing for Burkholderia. Thus, the methods which were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing in our center might cause uncertainty about the results and internationally agreed minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints and disk-diffusion test thresholds for susceptibility testing for Burkholderia is still a gap to fill for the current literature.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children With and Without Community-acquired Pneumonia. What do PCR and Serology Say?
Authors: Copete Angela Rocio , Vera Cristian , Herrera Mariana , Aguilar Yudy Alexandra , Rueda Zulma Vanessa , Vélez Lázaro Agustín 
Published: March 2020

Background:
IgM titers of Mycoplasma pneumoniae can remain high for months or years, and specific DNA can be detected in asymptomatic people.

Methods:
We compared the performance of serology and PCR in children with and without community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) for the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae.

Results:
In children with CAP, a positive test by M. pneumoniae (PCR and/or paired serology or both) were found in 13.9%. Of these, 10.3% were positive by multiplex PCR (Seeplex-Seegen), and 6.7% exhibited quadrupled titers (22 for IgG, 6 for IgM and 5 for both). Both tests were positive in 2.8% of cases. In the group without CAP, 3.3% were positive by PCR. Thirty-two percent of children with CAP and 38.3% of healthy children had IgM titers >11 in the acute phase.

Conclusions:
The detection of IgM is not useful for diagnosing acute M. pneumoniae infection, and a positive PCR result can be due to colonization and not infection. New and better diagnostic techniques are required.
Video Head Impulse Test Results in Patients With a Vestibular Schwannoma—Sensitivity and Correlation With Other Vestibular System Function Tests, Hearing Acuity, and Tumor Size
Authors: West Niels , Sass Hjalte , Klokker Mads , Cayé-Thomasen Per 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
No previous studies have investigated a vestibular function test battery combining the Video Head Impulse Test (VHIT), the caloric test, and the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) test. The objective was to investigate the sensitivity of the three vestibular tests to the presence of a vestibular schwannomas (VS), and possible correlations between test results, hearing acuity, and tumor size.

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
University hospital.

Patients:
Fifty-nine patients with a unilateral VS.

Intervention:
Audio-vestibular tests; the VHIT, cVEMP, caloric irrigation, pure-tone audiometry, and speech discrimination.

Main Outcome Measure:
Findings, sensitivity, and correlations between VHIT saccades and gain; cVEMP potentials, unilateral caloric weakness; hearing acuity.

Results:
The sensitivity for VS was 80% for the VHIT, 93% for the caloric test, and 73% for the cVEMP test. VHIT gain and saccades were associated, and both had a positive correlation to caloric function. Medium-sized tumors demonstrated the highest gain asymmetry while larger tumors were associated with saccades. There was a weak correlation between vestibular findings and hearing acuity.

Conclusion:
The VHIT is sensitive to the occurrence of a VS, but less so than the caloric test, and vestibular function deteriorates to some extent with increasing tumor size. VHIT outcomes are positively correlated to caloric function, but only vaguely to cVEMP and hearing acuity. The combined vestibular function test battery reached a sensitivity of 97% to the occurrence of a VS and could thus potentially substitute MRI for tumor screening upon the diagnosis of an asymmetrical hearing loss.
Validation of the Omron HBP-1320 for professional use according to the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2:2013 protocol and the 2010 revision of the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol
Authors: Saito Kanako , Hishiki Yukiko , Takahashi Hakuo 
Published: March 2020

Objective
Performance of the Omron HBP-1320, designed for professional use by adding several features to the home blood pressure (BP) measuring device, was validated using two different protocols, specifically the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2:2013 (ANSI/AAMI/ISO) and the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol, 2010 Revision (ESH IP2), as a separate study.

Methods
Three trained medical technologists validated the performance of this device by comparing data obtained from the device with those obtained using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer throughout the study.

Results
Mean differences in mercury readings for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) between the devices were 1.6 ± 5.8 and −0.4 ± 5.3 mmHg, respectively, according to the ANSI/AAMI/ISO protocol, and mean device-observer measurement differences were −0.4 ± 4.9 and −0.2 ± 4.2 mmHg, respectively, satisfying Part 1 of ESH IP2. Differences in SBP and DBP both satisfied Part 2 of ESH IP2. The number of absolute differences in the values obtained using the device and those obtained by the observers fulfilled the requirements of the ANSI/AAMI/ISO protocol and ESH IP2.

Conclusion
Omron HBP-1320 met all requirements of the ANSI/AAMI/ISO protocol and ESH IP2.