bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KARAKTER TOKOH FAHRI DALAM NOVEL AYAT-AYAT CINTA KARYA HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY: KAJIAN PSIKOLOGI INDIVIDUAL ALFRED ADLER
Authors: Maulani Aprizal , Rusdiawan Rusdiawan , Gunayasa Ida Bagus Kade 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk kepribadian tokoh utama yaitu Fahri dalam novel Ayat-Ayat Cinta karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi. Psikologi individual Alfred Adler digunakan sebagai teori untuk menemukan bentuk kepribadian tokoh Fahri dalam novel Ayat-Ayat Cinta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya enam prinsip pada karakter tokoh Fahri yang berkaitan dengan psikologi individual Adler, diantaranya. Prinsip rendah diri, prinsip superior, prinsip gaya hidup, prinsip diri kreatif, prinsip tujuan semu, prinsip gaya hidup dan prinsip minat sosial. Perubahan psikologi yang terdapat pada tokoh utama Fahri sejak ia menjadi seorang mahasiswa sehingga menjadi orang yang sukses tidak hanya dalam bidang akademik melainkan dalam bidang bisnis yang ia jalankan. Proses yang ia lewati tidak mudah. Ketika merasa menjadi orang yang tidak percaya diri dengan keadaan yang ia rasakan karena tidak pantas menikahi Aisha seorang gadis dari keturunan terpandang. Rasa berkecamauk ketika ia harus menduakan Aisha dengan menikahi Maria. Perjuangannya menuju kesempurnaan dengan rintangan tidak sedikit mampu ia lalui dengan gaya hidup dan diri yang kreatif. Tingginya minat sosial yang dimiliki tokoh utama juga menjadi prinsip yang dominan dalam novel ini. Kepeduliannya terhadap orang-orang di sekitarnya, dengan rasa simpati dan empati yang begitu kuat di dalam dirinya ia mampu menyelamatkan tetangganya dan mewujudkan cita-citanya. Kata kunci: karakter, tokoh utama, novel, psikologi, individual.
EFEKTIVITAS PELATIHAN BUNYI HURUF DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA AWAL SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sanoe Beatrix Carnatia , Tiatri Sri , Patmonodewo Soemiarti 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Apakah pelatihan bunyi huruf efektif dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan pada Siswa kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar. Pelatihan Bunyi Huruf ini mengacu pada teori Phonological Awareness dari Torgessen dan Wagner (1998) Phonological Awarenes adalah sensitivitas atau kesadaran eksplisit seseorang yang meliputi kemampuan mendengar, melihat, memikirkan atau memanipulasi struktur bunyi dari kata-kata dalam bahasanya. Subyek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 12 siswa kelas 1 SD yang belum lancar membaca. Siswa tersebut dibagi mejadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan sebagai test yang pada pretest dan postest adalah EGRA (Early Grade Reading Assessment). Pelatihan Bunyi Huruf dilakukan sebanyak 8 kali pertemuan, dan hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan skor kemampuan membaca yang sangat signifikan pada kelompok eksperimen setelah diberikan pelatihan bunyi huruf. Disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan bunyi huruf terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa sekolah dasar. This study aims to find out whether effective letter sound training can improve initial reading skills in Grade 1 Elementary School students. This Letter Sound Training refers to the Phonological Awareness theory of Torgessen and Wagner (1998) Phonological Awareness is the sensitivity or explicit awareness of a person which includes the ability to hear, see, think or manipulate the sound structure of words in the language. The subjects in this study were 12 grade 1 elementary school students who had not read fluently. The students were divided into 2 groups, namely the control group and the experimental group. The data collection tool used as a test at the pre-test and post-test was EGRA (Early Grade Reading Assessment). Letter Sounding Training was conducted in 8 meetings, and the results of the study showed a very significant increase in the reading ability score in the experimental group after being given letter sound training. It was concluded that letter sound training proved effective in improving the ability of elementary school students
Political and Economic Barriers of the Development of State Policy on the Creation of Institutions of Regional Development
Authors: Ustinovich E. S. , Bochanov M. A. 
Published: April 2020

As a result of almost three decades of economic, administrative and public administration reforms in the Russian Federation, as well as features of the economic development of Russia as a federal state during this period, a situation developed when, on the one hand, the Russian Federation was able to accumulate sufficient investment funds, and, on the other hand, provided the business community with the opportunity to invest in the Russian economy.However, the effectiveness of the socio-economic development of the country as a whole, directly depends on the level of its socio-economic regions. Scientific, technological and economic breakthrough is possible only if the subjects of theRussian Federationactivate their resources. Meanwhile, as the current practice of political and public administration inRussiashows, it is necessary to create specialized development institutions at the regional level. At the federal level, these issues have practically been resolved. At the regional level, there are still quite a lot of barriers, which in the framework of this article are designated as political and economic barriers.
Implementação do algoritmo CORDIC para cálculo de seno e cosseno em FPGA
Authors: Aguiar Ricardo Gonçalves de , Nascimento Valfride Wallace do , Magalhães Fernando Lessa de Oliveira , Herrera Hugo Daniel Hernandez 
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta a implementação em hardware para cálculo das funções trigono-métricas seno e cosseno por meio de rotação vetorial utilizando o algoritmo CORDIC. O código foi sintetizado no FPGA DE10-Lite da Terasic Inc. com as ferramentas de desenvolvimento da Altera/Intel para família MAX 10. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho da implementação em hardware, é realizado uma comparação com o algoritmo desenvolvido em Python e seus resultados são apresentados. Tais resultados demonstram a precisão numérica da arquitetura proposta para a implementação do CORDIC no FPGA versus Python, não considerando o tempo de execução.
Palavras-chave: CORDIC. Verilog. FPGA.

Implentation of Cordic algorithm for sine and cosine calculation in FPGA
Abstract
The present work presents the hardware implementation for calculating the trigonometric functions sine and cosine by means of vector rotation using the CORDIC algorithm. The code was synthetized in the DE10-Lite Board from Terasic Inc. with Altera/Intel development tools for MAX Family 10. In order to evaluate the performance of the hardware implementation, a comparison with the algorithm developed in Python is performed and its results are presented. These results demonstrate the numerical precision of the proposed architecture for the implementation of CORDIC in FPGA versus Python, not considering the execution time.
Keywords: CORDIC. Verilog. FPGA. Python.
Kajian pelaksanaan kegiatan pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Tasurruni Tasurruni , Nugroho Bambang , Maturbong Rudi A. 
Published: April 2020

West Papua Province with total burned area of 8.211 Ha covering 2.792 Ha of peatland and 5.429 Ha non-peatland area. The impact of these fires are a very thick smog for a few days. The event was supported by El Nino phenomenon, in some regions, there has been a decreasing of rainfall which causes a prolonged dry season (forest and land fire). The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) through the Center of Climate Change and Forest and Land Fire (BPPIKHL) for Maluku and Papua acting as Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) in the region, increasing the activities for forest and land fire prevention. Considering the 4 provinces work area with limited personnel, it is necessary to study the implementation of forest and land fire prevention activities. The study aims to examine the activities of forest and land fire prevention carried out by the Government, particularly BPPIKHL for Maluku and Papua in West Papua Province in relation to decreasing forest and land fires. In accordance to the studied problems, the approaching which used in this study is quantitative qualitative approach. The prioritized policy is the implementation of prevention in the site level. BPPIKHL for Maluku and Papua has carried out the activities well and effectively directly to the site level through prevention activities, which decreas the hotspots.
You Have To Find Your Voice: James H. Cone’s Commitment to Theological Education
Authors: Anderson Nkosi Du Bois 
Published: April 2020

This reflection is on the teaching philosophy of James H. Cone (1938-2018). It connects Cone’s personal journey towards self-realization as a black theologian to his deeply held commitment to helping his students find and cultivate their own theological voice. The essay shares best practices from Cone’s methods within the classroom. It also describes his passion for teaching and love of his students. This is one of several short essays presented by recent students at a public forum at Union Theological Seminary after his death in 2018.
Effectiveness of flexible endoscopy in the management of upper gastrointestinal tract foreign bodies at a tertiary hospital of western Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Shatdal , Khatri Prabin , Shrestha Suresh 
Published: April 2020

Background: Foreign body ingestions are some of the most challenging clinical scenarios faced by gastrointestinal endoscopists. The commonly ingested foreign bodies are coins, toys, and batteries in children whereas bone or meat boluses are common in adults. The present study was carried out to study the clinical profile of patients presenting with foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract and effectiveness of endoscopy as a therapeutic tool in its management.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the endoscopy unit of Uni­versal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal from Jan 2015 to Dec 2018. All pa­tients who underwent endoscopy with suspicion of ingestion of foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract were enrolled in this study. Foreign body was removed with appropri­ate endoscopic tools.
Results: Sixty-four patients were enrolled in the present study with mean age of 34.78±21.84 years. There were 42.19% (n=27) males with female preponderance (57.37%, n=37). Retrosternal discomfort with dysphagia was the most common presentations seen in 68.75% (n=44) patients. The most common site for foreign body impaction was lower oesophagus (53.13%). Three most common foreign bodies encountered were meat bone, meat balls and coins respectively. Endoscopic management was successful in 59 (92.19%) patients.
Conclusions: Foreign body ingestion is commonly seen in children and young adults with fe­male predominance. Most common upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies are related to food bolus impaction with animal bone or meat. Therapeutic endoscopy is a safe and effective method for removing foreign body from upper gastrointestinal tract.
Effectiveness of nurses-led cardiac rehabilitation program among coronary artery disease patients attending a teaching hospital, Bharatpur
Authors: Shrestha Rosy , Rajbanshi Laxmi , Singh Jaya Prasad , Shrestha Kshitiz , Shrestha Sajeeb 
Published: April 2020

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive secondary prevention program, de­livered by multidisciplinary team including nurses. This portion in health care sector is found to be lacking and communication between health care providers and cardiac patients is frequently suboptimal. The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of nurse-led cardiac rehabilita­tion program among coronary artery disease patients attending a teaching hospital in Bharatpur, Nepal.
Methods: One group pre-test post-test design was used. Total 85 CAD patients were selected for pre and post-test, baseline information was collected using consecutive sampling technique. The educa­tion intervention on CR was developed in Nepali language and distributed to each respondent after pre-test in separate room of OPD of Chitwan medical college and teaching hospital, Bharatpur. After one month of education intervention program, post-test was conducted with same subjects using face to face interview questionnaire using CADE-Q. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon Rang signed test.
Results: Of all 85 respondents, median difference between pre-test was 17 (IQR=14-22) and post-test was 39 (IQR=32-44) which was statistically significant (p=<0.001). The percentage of respondents with non-acceptable level (<50%) of knowledge sharply declined from 96.4% to 11.7% whereas those with acceptable knowledge (≥50%) significantly increased to 3.53% to 88.2% at p value <0.001.
Conclusion:The nurse-led educational intervention programme considerably improved the knowl­edge on Cardiac Rehabilitation among CAD patients. Hence, it is strongly recommended that nurses should be involved in establishing and organizing cardiac rehabilitation programs at each tertiary level hospital in Nepal.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding postoperative pain management at selected hospitals, Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Rupa Devi , Gurung Ganga 
Published: April 2020

Background: Acute and severe pain after surgery is the major concern of operated patients and health professionals where the vital responsibilities goes to the nurses for managing pain satisfactorily. Hence, the nurses require to have adequate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) to carry out such responsibilities.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to find out the nurses’ KAP regarding postoperative pain (POP) management. Total 74 nurses of postoperative wards were selected from four hospitals at Bharatpur with non-probability enumerative sampling technique. Data were collected with the structured self-administered questionnaire for knowledge, five-point Likert scale for attitude and observation checklist for practice. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics for levels of KAP; Chi-square for association between levels of KAP with selected variables and spearman rank correlation to determine relationship among KAP regarding POP management.
Results: The study showed that 85.1% nurses had low level of knowledge, 55.4% had satisfactory level of attitude and 52.7% had low level of practice. Statistically significant association was found between level of practice and age (p=0.010) of nurses and with professional qualification (p=0.002). There was no statistically significant relationship among KAP scores regarding POP management.
Conclusions: Majority of the nurses had low level of knowledge, more than half had satisfactory level of attitude but low level of practice regarding POP management. The age and the professional qualifications of the nurses found to be associated with the practice of POP management.
Attitude, Behavior and Oral Health among Patients Visiting a Dental Institution of Nepal
Authors: Dahal Sirjana , Poudel Prakash , Khadka Nirrma , Dahal Sangita , Acharya Manita , Shrestha Supriya , Maharjan Manita 
Published: April 2020

Background: Majority of oral diseases are related to life style, which means that a behavioral change is needed to reduce the disease. This study was conducted to assess the attitude, behavior and oral health of the patients visiting a dental hospital and association of oral health with age and gender.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 patients of 15 years and above who visited Kathmandu medical college, Bhaktapur for oral health check-up. Participants were interviewed for their attitude and behavior regarding oral health. Caries experience and periodontal conditions were assessed. Chi square test was done to evaluate the association age and gender with of attitude, behavior and oral health.
Results: In this study, significantly higher number of females went to visit dentist when they noticed bleeding gums than males (p=0.023). Tobacco was consumed more by males than females (p<0.001). Mean DMFT was 3.85±3.035. Bleeding on probing was found in 64.6%; calculus in 18.5% and periodontal pocket of ≥4mm in 11.6%. Loss of attachment of 4mm or more was present in 34.6% and was significantly higher in older age group (p<0.001); in males (p=0.001); who were negligent in visiting dentist (p=0.035); brushed by vertical method (p=0.013) for less than two minutes and more than five minutes (p=0.015); used toothpicks or no interdental cleaning aids (p=0.009); ignored bleeding gums (p=<.001) and who used tobacco products (p<0.001).
Conclusions: This study concluded that the attitude towards the oral health was positive among the patients who visited Kathmandu Medical College, Bhaktapur, Nepal. The oral health behaviour was quite unsatisfactory and needs to be improved.
Variation in Formation of Renal Artery
Authors: Gautam Ajeevan , Khan Gulam Anwer , Timilsina Sameer , Dhungel Deepesh , Sah Sanjib Kumar 
Published: April 2020

Backgrounds: Renal arteries are two large blood vessels branching laterally from the abdominal aorta just below the superior mesenteric artery. The arteries vary in their level of origin and caliber, obliquity and precise relations. Each renal artery is about 6-8mm diameter. There is a varying characteristic of these arteries owing to their different course. The aim of the study was to study the variation in the formation of renal artery with its branching pattern using CT Angiography.
Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Radiology at Chitwan Medical College after obtaining ethical approval CMC-IRC. CT Angiogram was studied in 17 individuals who attended radiology department for angiography for different suspected abdominal and renal pathology.
Results: Analyzing the result of the angiography we found the usual branching pattern of renal artery in 70.58% of the individual, with variations in remaining 29.42%. On studying the number of arteries supplying kidney, artery draining directly to hilum i.e. accessory renal artery was 2.95%. We found the average length of right renal artery ranged between 3.5cm to 6.0cm.
Conclusions: The variations on this large lateral branch of abdominal aorta are common. Surgeons should exclude the possibility of presence of accessory and aberrant renal arteries obstruction prior to the surgical procedure. The awareness about the presence of such variations is important from the academic, surgical and radiological aspect.
Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Outcome of Intraoperative Epidural Steroid Injection Versus No Steroid Injection after Standard Lumbosacral Discectomy
Authors: Pandey Suresh , Bidari Suraj 
Published: April 2020

Background: Despite operative decompression of neural structure with discectomy in the indicated cases of lumbosacral disc herniation, many patients continue to experience back pain and leg pain in the postoperative period. Use of intraoperative local epidural steroid injection has been in practice to reduce this complications but there are concern and controversies regarding its benefit and risk. So this study aims to analyze clinical outcome in terms of reduction in pain, hospital stay, postoperative use of analgesics and risk associated with the use of intraoperative epidural steroid locally and comparison to those who did not receive steroid.
Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of total of 44 patients, 28 patients who received Epidural Steroid Injection (ESI) locally after lumbosacral standard discectomy and comparison of the outcome with results of 16 patients with standard lumbosacral discectomy who did not receive ESI. Outcome measurement was done between two groups in terms of postoperative pain VAS scale, use of analgesics, hospital stay and complications if any.
Results: There were total of 44 cases (28 steroid group and 16 no steroid group) with mean age of 39.93 years, male 27 and female 17 who underwent standard discectomy and followed up for at least one year. Overall, preoperative mean VAS score for pain improved from 7.95 to 1.55 at 1 year after operation which was significant p<0.05. On comparison of 24 hour postoperative VAS score and hospital stay between the groups with steroid and no steroid, it was mean of 5.32 versus 6 and 4.43 days versus 5.25 days (p<0.05) respectively which was significant. All the patients in no steroid group needed both NSAID and opioids for the postoperative pain management whereas only 12 (42.8%) patient needed addition of opioids in steroid group. There was no difference in VAS score at 1week and 1 year. There was no complications in either of the group.
Conclusions: Use of intraoperative ESI help to reduce early postoperative pain, hospital stay and use of opioids without adding further risk or complication.
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine in attenuating hemodynamic and airway responses during extubation: a randomized double-blind study
Authors: Pradhan Kripa , Vaidya Pradip Raj 
Published: April 2020

Background
Tracheal extubation causes significant hemodynamic changes and airway irritation. During smooth extubation there is absence of straining, movement, coughing, breath holding, laryngospasm and minimal change in hemodynamic. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in attenuating hemodynamic and airway responses during extubation.
Methodology
Eighty patients receiving general anesthesia were included in this randomized double-blind study. Ten minutes before the end of anesthesia, Group D (Dexmedetomidine group) (n=40) received Inj. Dexmedetomidine 0.5mcg/kg and Group N (Normal Saline group) (n=40) received 10 ml normal saline over 10 mins. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded prior to the drug administration till 10 mins after extubation. The incidence of cough was monitored during extubation. Any possible side effects of study drugs were recorded.

Results
Age, gender, physical status, weight, duration of surgery, baseline heart rate and mean arterial pressure were comparable between the groups. There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in heart rate and mean arterial pressure between the groups after 5 mins of study drug administration and then throughout the study period. Using four point scale for coughing during extubation, 10% of Group D and 50% of Group N had minimal cough, 22.5% of Group N and 2.5% of Group D had moderate cough.
Conclusion
Finding suggests that intravenous dexmedetomidine before extubation significantly attenuates hemodynamic and airway responses during extubation.