bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entangled Azobenzene‐Containing Polymers with Photoinduced Reversible Solid‐to‐Liquid Transitions for Healable and Reprocessable Photoactuators
Authors: Chen Mingsen , Yao Bingjian , Kappl Michael , Liu Senyang , Yuan Jinying , Berger Rüdiger , Zhang Faai , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Liu Yuanli , Wu Si 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotoactuators based on liquid crystal elastomers or networks are smart materials that show photoinduced motions. However, their crosslinked networks make their repair or reprocessing difficult. Here, a healable and reprocessable photoactuator is fabricated using entangled high‐molecular‐weight azobenzene‐containing polymers (azopolymers) that are non‐crosslinked. A series of linear liquid crystal azopolymers with different molecular weights are synthesized. The low‐molecular‐weight azopolymers (5–53 kg mol−1) cannot form freestanding photoactuators because their polymer chains lack entanglements, which makes them hard and brittle. In contrast, flexible and stretchable actuators are fabricated using high‐molecular‐weight azopolymers (80–100 kg mol−1) that exhibit good processability because of the polymer chain entanglements. The azopolymer photoactuators show photoinduced bending based on photoinduced trans–cis isomerization of the azopolymers on the irradiated side. The experiments show not only photoinduced phase transitions or changes in the order parameters but also photoinduced solid‐to‐liquid transition of the azopolymers resulting in shape changes and mechanical responses. Thus, photoinduced solid‐to‐liquid transition is a new mechanism for the design of photoactuators. Moreover, the azopolymer photoactuators are healable and reprocessable via solution processing or light irradiation. Healability and reprocessability prolong lifetimes of photoactuators are important for materials reusage and recycling, and represent a new strategy for the preparation of smart materials.
Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Facilitating Improved Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Dong Yingying , Zou Yan , Yuan Jianyu , Yang Hang , Wu Yue , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of a ternary active layer offers a promising approach to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) via simply incorporating a third component. Here, a ternary PSC with improved efficiency and stability facilitated by a new small molecule IBC‐F is demonstrated. Even though the PBDB‐T:IBC‐F‐based device gives an extremely low PCE of only 0.21%, a remarkable PCE of 15.06% can be realized in the ternary device based on PBDB‐T:IE4F‐S:IBC‐F with 20% IBC‐F, which is ≈10% greater than that (PCE = 13.70%) of the control binary device based on PBDB‐T:IE4F‐S. The improvement in the device performance of the ternary PSC is mainly attributed to the enhancement of fill factor, which is due to the improved charge dissociation and extraction, suppressed bimolecular and trap‐assisted recombination, longer charge‐carrier lifetime, and enhanced intermolecular interactions for preferential face‐on orientation. Additionally, the ternary device with 20% IBC‐F shows better thermal and photoinduced stability over the control binary device. This work provides a new angle to develop the third components for building ternary PSCs with enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability for practical applications.
Superconductivity of Topological Surface States and Strong Proximity Effect in Sn1−xPbxTe–Pb Heterostructures
Authors: Yang Hao , Li Yao‐Yi , Liu Teng‐Teng , Xue Huan‐Yi , Guan Dan‐Dan , Wang Shi‐Yong , Zheng Hao , Liu Can‐Hua , Fu Liang , Jia Jin‐Feng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSuperconducting topological crystalline insulators are expected to form a new type of topological superconductors to host Majorana zero modes under the protection of lattice symmetries. The bulk superconductivity of topological crystalline insulators can be induced through chemical doping and the proximity effect. However, only conventional full gaps are observed, so the existence of topological superconductivity in topological crystalline insulators is still controversial. Here, the successful fabrication of atomically flat lateral and vertical Sn1−xPbxTe–Pb heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy is reported. The superconductivity of the Sn1−xPbxTe–Pb heterostructures can be directly investigated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Unconventional peak–dip–hump gap features and fourfold symmetric quasiparticle interference patterns taken at the zero energy in the superconducting gap support the presence of the topological superconductivity in superconducting Sn1−xPbxTe. Strong superconducting proximity effect and easy preparation of various constructions between Sn1−xPbxTe and Pb make the heterostructures to be a promising candidate for topological superconducting devices to detect and manipulate Majorana zero modes in the future.
Bright Deep Blue TADF OLEDs: The Role of Triphenylphosphine Oxide in NPB/TPBi:PPh3O Exciplex Emission
Authors: Hippola Chamika , Danilovic Dusan , Bhattacharjee Ujjal , Perez‐Bolivar Cesar , Sachinthani K. A. Niradha , Nelson Toby L. , Anzenbacher Pavel , Petrich Jacob W. , Shinar Ruth , Shinar Joseph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVery bright (≈14 000 cd m−2) deep blue exciplex organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) peaking at ≈435 nm, where the photopic response is ≈0.033, and with CIE color coordinates (0.1525, 0.0820), are described. The OLED properties are interestingly linked to PPh3O (triphenylphosphine oxide) and attributes of the emitting layer (EML) comprising NPB interfacing host:guest TPBi:PPh3O 5:1 weight ratio. A neat PPh3O layer that is central for device performance follows the EML (NPB/TPBi:PPh3O 5:1/PPh3O). The bright electroluminescence originates from NPB/TPBi:PPh3O exciplexes involving triplets via thermally activated delayed fluorescence, as evident from the strong quenching of the photoluminescence (PL) by oxygen and interestingly, the monomolecular emission process. The transient PL decay times of a NPB/TPBi:PPh3O 5:1/PPh3O film are 43 ns in air versus 136, 610, and weak ≈2000 ns in N2. For comparison, the respective PL decay times of films of NPB:TPBi are 16 ns in air versus 131 and 600 ns in N2, and of NPB:PPh3O they are 29 ns in air versus 56, 483, and weak ≈2000 ns in N2. It is suspected that slow emitting states are associated with a PPh3O aggregate interacting with NPB.
Two‐Dimensional GeP‐Based Broad‐Band Optical Switches and Photodetectors
Authors: Yu Tongtong , Nie Hongkun , Wang Shanpeng , Zhang Baitao , Zhao Shuqi , Wang Ziming , Qiao Jie , Han Bing , He Jingliang , Tao Xutang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGermanium phosphide (GeP), a typical 2D group IV–V semiconductor, has attracted significant attention due to the advantages of higher thermodynamic stability than black phosphorus (BP), widely tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, and in‐plane anisotropy. However, its photonic and optoelectronic properties have not been extensively explored so far. Herein, large size and high‐quality GeP single bulk crystal is successfully grown by flux method and stripped into 2D nanosheets with liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) and spin‐coating methods. The broad‐band photonic and optoelectronic properties of 2D GeP nanosheets are systematically investigated. First principles calculations are performed to verify its widely tunable bandgap from 0.43 eV for bulk to 1.58 eV for monolayer. The ultrafast carrier dynamic and non‐linear optical responses are investigated by non‐degenerated pump‐probe and open‐aperture Z‐scan methods, and the results indicate that 2D GeP nanosheets can present excellent broad‐band saturable absorption properties. Furthermore, the 2D GeP nanosheets‐based broad‐band saturable absorbers (SAs) and photodetectors are demonstrated. The results indicate that 2D GeP nanosheets can be used as excellent broad‐band optical modulators and detectors, which will arouse a considerable interest in exploring novel group IV–V 2D materials for broad‐band photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Threshold Switching in Single Metal‐Oxide Nanobelt Devices Emulating an Artificial Nociceptor
Authors: Xiao Ming , Shen Daozhi , Futscher Moritz H. , Ehrler Bruno , Musselman Kevin P. , Duley Walter W. , Zhou Y. Norman 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectronic devices that can simulate the dynamics of neurotransmission in the human body are of great interest for the development of artificial intelligence in modern information technology. An artificial nociceptor realized by a single metal‐oxide nanobelt device with a unique capacitive‐coupled threshold switching behavior is demonstrated. Via thermal admittance spectroscopy and temperature‐dependent sweeping study, the properties of the nanobelt devices are determined by Schottky emission at low bias and by defect‐assisted quantum tunneling at high bias subject to a threshold voltage. The low activation energy associated with dynamic electron trapping gives rise to a voltage‐dependent volatile threshold switching behavior. This threshold switching behavior allows the emulation of several characteristic features of a nociceptor, a critical type of sensory neuron in the human body, including “threshold,” “relaxation,” “no adaptation,” “allodynia,” and “hyperalgesia” behaviors, essential for the realization of electronic sensory receptors that detect noxious stimuli and signal rapid warning to the central nervous system. One‐dimensional metal oxide nanobelt devices of this type yield multifunctional nociceptor performance that is fundamental for applications in artificial intelligence systems, representing a key step in the realization of neural integrated devices via a bottom‐up approach.
Regulating Pore Structure of Hierarchical Porous Waste Cork‐Derived Hard Carbon Anode for Enhanced Na Storage Performance
Authors: Li Yuqi , Lu Yaxiang , Meng Qingshi , Jensen Anders C. S. , Zhang Qiangqiang , Zhang Qinghua , Tong Yuxin , Qi Yuruo , Gu Lin , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPorous structure design is generally considered to be a reliable strategy to boost ion transport and provide active sites for disordered carbon anodes of Na‐ion batteries (NIBs). Herein, a type of waste cork‐derived hard carbon material (CC) is reported for efficient Na storage via tuning the pore species. Benefiting from the natural holey texture of this renewable precursor, CCs deliver a novel hierarchical porous structure. The effective skeletal density test combined with small angle X‐ray scattering analysis (SAXS) is used to obtain the closed pore information. Based on a detailed correlation analysis between pore information and the electrochemical performance of CCs, improving pyrolysis temperature to reduce open pores (related to initial capacity loss) and increase closed pores (related to plateau capacity) endows an optimal CC with a high specific capacity of ≈360 mAh g−1 in half‐cells and a high energy density of 230 Wh kg−1 in full‐cells with a capacity retention of 71% after 2000 cycles at 2C rate. The bioinspired high temperature pore‐closing strategy and the new insights about the pore structure–performance relationship provide a rational guide for designing porous carbon anode of NIBs with tailored pore species and high Na storage capacity.
Autopolyploidy alters nodule‐level interactions in the legume–rhizobium mutualism
Authors: Forrester Nicole J. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: November 2019

PremisePolyploidy is a major genetic driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in plants, yet its effects on plant interactions with mutualistic microbes remain unresolved. The legume–rhizobium symbiosis regulates global nutrient cycles and plays a role in the diversification of legume species. In this mutualism, rhizobia bacteria fix nitrogen in exchange for carbon provided by legume hosts. This exchange occurs inside root nodules, which house bacterial cells and represent the interface of legume–rhizobium interactions. Although polyploidy may directly impact the legume–rhizobium mutualism, no studies have explored how it alters the internal structure of nodules.MethodsWe created synthetic autotetraploids using Medicago sativa subsp. caerulea. Neotetraploid plants and their diploid progenitors were singly inoculated with two strains of rhizobia, Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae. Confocal microscopy was used to quantify internal traits of nodules produced by diploid and neotetraploid plants.ResultsAutotetraploid plants produced larger nodules with larger nitrogen fixation zones than diploids for both strains of rhizobia, although the significance of these differences was limited by power. Neotetraploid M. sativa subsp. caerulea plants also produced symbiosomes that were significantly larger, nearly twice the size, than those present in diploids.ConclusionsThis study sheds light on how polyploidy directly affects a plant–bacterium mutualism and uncovers novel mechanisms. Changes in plant–microbe interactions that directly result from polyploidy likely contribute to the increased ability of polyploid legumes to establish in diverse environments.
Community turnover by composition and climatic affinity across scales in an alpine system
Authors: Smithers Brian V. , Oldfather Meagan F. , Koontz Michael J. , Bishop Jim , Bishop Catie , Nachlinger Jan , Sheth Seema N. 
Published: November 2019

PremiseExamining community turnover across climate gradients at multiple scales is vital to understanding biogeographic response to climate change. This approach is especially important for alpine plants in which the relative roles of topographic complexity and nonclimatic or stochastic factors vary across spatial scales.MethodsWe examined the structure of alpine plant communities across elevation gradients in the White Mountains, California. Using community climatic niche means (CCNMs) and measures of community dissimilarity, we explored the relation between community composition and elevation gradients at three scales: the mountain range, individual peaks, and within elevation contours.ResultsAt the mountain range scale, community turnover and CCNMs showed strongly significant relations with elevation, with an increase in the abundance of cooler and wetter‐adapted species at higher elevations. At the scale of single peaks, we found weak and inconsistent relations between CCNMs and elevation, but variation in community composition explained by elevation increased. Within the elevation contours, the range of CCNMs was weakly positively correlated with turnover in species identity, likely driven by microclimate and other site‐specific factors.ConclusionsOur results suggest that there is strong environmental sorting of alpine plant communities at broad scales, but microclimatic and site‐specific, nonclimatic factors together shape community turnover at finer scales. In the context of climate change, our results imply that community–climate relations are scale‐dependent, and predictions of local alpine plant range shifts are limited by a lack of topoclimatic and habitat information.
The CHD8 overgrowth syndrome: A detailed evaluation of an emerging overgrowth phenotype in 27 patients
Authors: Ostrowski Philip J. , Zachariou Anna , Loveday Chey , Beleza‐Meireles Ana , Bertoli Marta , Dean John , Douglas Andrew G. L. , Ellis Ian , Foster Alison , Graham John M. , Hague Jennifer , Hilhorst‐Hofstee Yvonne , Hoffer Mariette , Johnson Diana , Josifova Dragana , Kant Sarina G. , Kini Usha , Lachlan Katherine , Lam Wayne , Lees Melissa , Lynch Sally , Maitz Silvia , McKee Shane , Metcalfe Kay , Nathanson Katherine , Ockeloen Charlotte W. , Parker Michael J. , Pierson Tyler M. , Rahikkala Elisa , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. , Spano Alice , Van Maldergem Lionel , Cole Trevor , Douzgou Sofia , Tatton‐Brown Katrina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCHD8 has been reported as an autism susceptibility/intellectual disability gene but emerging evidence suggests that it additionally causes an overgrowth phenotype. This study reports 27 unrelated patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CHD8 variants (25 null variants, two missense variants) and a male:female ratio of 21:6 (3.5:1, p < .01). All patients presented with intellectual disability, with 85% in the mild or moderate range, and 85% had a height and/or head circumference ≥2 standard deviations above the mean, meeting our clinical criteria for overgrowth. Behavioral problems were reported in the majority of patients (78%), with over half (56%) either formally diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder or described as having autistic traits. Additional clinical features included neonatal hypotonia (33%), and less frequently seizures, pes planus, scoliosis, fifth finger clinodactyly, umbilical hernia, and glabellar hemangioma (≤15% each). These results suggest that, in addition to its established link with autism and intellectual disability, CHD8 causes an overgrowth phenotype, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with increased height and/or head circumference in association with intellectual disability.
Direct Catalytic Decarboxylative Amination of Aryl Acetic Acids
Authors: Kong Duanyang , Moon Patrick J. , Bsharat Odey , Lundgren Rylan J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe decarboxylative coupling of a carboxylic acid with an amine nucleophile provides an alternative to the substitution of traditional organohalide coupling partners. Benzoic and alkynyl acids may be directly aminated by oxidative catalysis. In contrast, methods for intermolecular alkyl carboxylic acid to amine conversion, including amidate rearrangements and photoredox‐promoted approaches, require stoichiometric activation of the acid unit to generate isocyanate or radical intermediates. Reported here is a process for the direct chemoselective decarboxylative amination of electron‐poor arylacetates by oxidative Cu catalysis. The reaction proceeds at (or near) room temperature, uses native carboxylic acid starting materials, and is compatible with protic, electrophilic, and other potentially complicating functionality. Mechanistic studies support a pathway in which ionic decarboxylation of the acid generates a benzylic nucleophile which is aminated in a Chan–Evans–Lam‐type process.
Bithiophene triarylborane dyad: An efficient material for the selective detection of CN− and F− ions
Authors: Perumal Sakthivel , Karuppannan Sekar , Gandhi Sivaraman , Subramanian Singaravadivel , Govindasamy Anbu , Gopal Senthil Kumar 
Published: November 2019

A new fluorescent chemosensor based on bithiophene coupled dimesitylborane (BMB‐1) was synthesized and characterized. BMB‐1 was used for colorimetric and turn‐on fluorescent sensing of cyanide (CN−) and fluoride (F−) ions, in the presence of other competitive anions in an aqueous (CH3CN–H2O) medium. BMB‐1 showed a hypsochromic shift (blue shift) with addition of CN− and F− ions in absorption studies. The lower detection level of CN− and F− ions is 1.37 × 10−9 and 1.75 × 10−9 M, respectively. The BMB‐1 binding mechanism is based on the nucleophilic addition of CN− and F− ions in the internal charge transfer transition of bithio moiety to the boranylmesitylene unit, and the color changes were observed under UV light. This result is further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. Also, the BMB‐1 probe is found to be a good adsorbent for the removal of F− ions in real water samples using the adsorption technique.
Syntheses, characterizations, crystal structures, DFT/TD‐DFT, luminescence behaviors and cytotoxic effect of bicompartmental Zn (II)‐dicyanamide Schiff base coordination polymers: An approach to apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis type classical cell death
Authors: Majumdar Dhrubajyoti , Agrawal Yashika , Thomas Renjith , Ullah Zakir , Santra Manas K. , Das Sourav , Pal Tapan K. , Bankura Kalipada , Mishra Dipankar 
Published: November 2019

Two new Zn (II)‐dicyanamide (dca) 1‐D chain coordination polymers (CPs), [Zn (LOMe)(μ1‐dca)(μ1,5‐dca)]n(1)and [Zn (LOEt)(μ1‐dca)(μ1,5‐dca)]n(2)have been successfully synthesized from bicompartmental Schiff base ligands N,N′‐Bis(3‐methoxysalicylidenimino)‐1,3‐diaminopropane (H2LOMe), N,N′‐Bis(3‐ethoxysalicylidenimino)‐1,3‐diaminoproane (H2LOEt) respectively and structurally characterized using various spectroscopic protocols like1H NMR, IR, Raman, UV–Vis, fluorescence as well as elemental analysis, TGA, PXRD and SCXRD studies. X‐ray single crystal study revealed that both the complexes have two different geometrical arrangement of Zn metal centres with distorted square pyramidal Zn(2) and trigonal prismatic geometry Zn(1). Ab‐initio DFT (Density functional theory) has been executed at B3LYP (Becke, 3‐parameter, Lee‐Yang‐Parr) using DGDVP (Diffuse gradient double valence polarised) basis set to explain FMO (Frontier molecular orbital), TD‐DFT (Time‐dependent density functional theory) and photovoltaic efficiency in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Hirshfeld surface (HS) and 2D fingerprint plot analyses are shed more light on the non‐covalent supramolecular interactions. The steady state and time‐resolved fluorescence measurements have been conducted in DMSO and solid‐state. CPs exhibited bi‐exponential decay in DMSO as well as solid‐state where fluorescence behaviors are mainly intra‐ligand (π → π*) in nature with lifetimes in the range (1.11–1.06 ns). In particular, in vitro cytotoxic activities were evaluated towards MCF7 (breast cancer) cell line, MDA‐MB‐231 (breast carcinoma) cell line and MCF10A (breast epithelial) cell line using MTT assay. CP1had lower cytotoxic effect against MCF7 (20 μM), MDA‐MB‐231 (15 μM) cell lines in comparison with cisplatin (42.2 ± 8, 128.2 ± 7 μM). CP1induced classical cell death apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Lower IC50value of CP1against MDA‐MB‐231 cell line provide new insights in the development of cancer therapeutics.
Overmolded polylactide/jute‐mat eco‐composites: A new method to enhance the properties of natural fiber biodegradable composites
Authors: Wis Abdulmounem Alchekh , Kodal Mehmet , Ozturk Sinan , Ozkoc Guralp 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTEnvironmentally friendly, biodegradable composites were prepared via overmolding of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) onto PLA/jute‐mat, named as “ecosheets,” reinforced continuous fiber composite sheets. Film stacking procedure was used to prepare ecosheets via using a hot‐press. The fiber orientation was changed as −45°/+45° and 0°/0°. −45°/+45° orientation exhibited higher properties as compared to 0°/0° for ecosheets; therefore, this construction was used to produce overmolded composites (OMCs). The mechanical tests showed that flexural modulus and strength of OMCs were improved in comparison to neat PLA. The dynamic mechanical analysis exhibited that the thermomechanical resistance of PLA was enhanced for OMCs. Scanning electron microscopy investigation showed that the jute/PLA interphase needs to be improved to further increase the properties. It was concluded that one of the biggest advantages of this novel technique was the increase of mechanical properties of PLA without altering the density. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48692.