bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
61. EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN BREAST CANCER BRAIN METASTASIS
Authors: Qazi Maleeha , Jerzak Katarzyna , Nofech-Mozes Sharon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Treatment options for women with breast cancer brain metastases (BrM) are generally limited to surgery and/or radiotherapy because most systemic therapies do not cross the blood-brain barrier. Androgen receptors (ARs) are frequently expressed in breast cancer and anti-androgenic therapies have been shown to penetrate the central nervous system. In this study, we analyzed the expression of AR in breast cancer BrM to identify patients who may benefit from anti-androgenic therapies.

METHODS
Consecutive BrM resected in our institution (July 1999-June 2013) were identified from the Anatomic Pathology departmental database. Cases that were signed out as breast origin given the available immunohistochemical profile and clinical history were included. A tissue microarray was constructed using 1 mm cores in triplicates and studied by immunohistochemistry for AR, ER, PR and HER2 (SP107, SP1, IE2, 4B5; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson AZ, USA). HER2 gene amplification was determined by INFORM HER2 DNA and Chromosome 17 (both by Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson AZ, USA). Immunohistochemistry was used as a surrogate to determine intrinsic subtypes.

RESULTS
Among 61 breast cancer BrM with available tissue blocks, AR was expressed in 38 (62%) cases. Among BrMs of luminal A subtype (ER+, PR+/-, HER2-, Ki67&lt;16%), 50% expressed AR (n=1/2). Within the luminal B subtype (ER+, PR+/-), all 15 HER2+ BrM expressed AR (100%), while only 50% of HER2- BrM expressed AR (n=8/16). Among 14 BrM of HER2+ subtype (ER-, PR-), 71% expressed AR (n=10/14). Only 30% of triple negative BrM (ER-, PR-, HER2-) were AR+ (n=4/14).

CONCLUSION
Almost two-thirds of breast cancer BrM expressed AR. HER2+ luminal B and HER2+ subtypes were most likely to be AR+, while only 30% of triple negative BrM were AR+. Our data suggests that certain subtypes of breast cancer BrM are more likely to be AR+ and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
E-Cigarette Demand: Impact of Commodity Definitions and Test–Retest Reliability
Authors: Strickland Justin C , Vsevolozhskaya Olga A , Stoops William W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Behavioral economic demand provides a multidimensional understanding of reinforcement. Commodity purchase tasks are an efficient method for measuring demand in human participants. One challenge in translating these procedures to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes) is defining commodity units given the lack of standardization in the e-cigarette marketplace.

Aims and Methods
The purpose of this study was to directly compare methods of operationalizinge-cigarette purchases, puffs, cartridges, and mLs liquid, using a within-subject design. Participants (N = 132) reporting past week e-cigarette use were recruited using crowdsourcing. Purchase tasks were completed operationalizing e-cigarette units as puffs or cartridges at baseline and puffs or mLs liquid at a 3-month follow-up.

Results
Bivariate associations supported convergent and discriminant validity with the largest effect size correlations for intensity and elasticity observed for the puff version. Interaction models suggested that product preferences moderated the relationship between time-to-first use and cartridge demand with larger effect size correlations among persons reporting a preference for JUULs, but weaker relationships among persons reporting other device preferences. Puff intensity (rxx = .61) and elasticity (rxx = .62) showed good test–retest reliability for participants reporting stable consumption, but poor test–retest reliability for individuals with changed consumption levels (intensity rxx = −.08; elasticity rxx = −.10).

Conclusions
This study highlights the relevance of commodity definitions in the e-cigarette purchase task. Puffs as an experimental commodity may provide flexibility for studying e-cigarette demand in heterogenous or unknown populations, whereas more tailored or personalized approaches like cartridge or mL-based tasks will likely be helpful when studying known subgroups.

Implications
The commodity purchase task procedure is widely used for understanding cigarette and e-cigarette demand in nicotine dependence research. This study evaluates the importance of operational definitions of e-cigarette commodities in the purchase task (ie, puffs, cartridges, or mLs liquid). Puffs may provide a more flexible commodity unit when evaluating e-cigarette demand in general or heterogenous populations, whereas device-specific units may prove more valuable when studying populations with consistent and known product use.
Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Visual Anthropology
Authors: Jacknis Ira 
Published: August 2020

The work of Margaret Mead (b. 1901–d. 1978) and Gregory Bateson (b. 1904–d. 1980) has proven to be critical in forming the subdiscipline of visual anthropology. In 1933 Mead met Bateson on the Sepik River, while both were engaged in ethnographic fieldwork in Papua New Guinea. Soon a couple (they married in 1936), they decided to travel to Bali with the explicit intention of pioneering the use of still photography and film as a basic ethnographic methodology. Before their collaboration Mead had studied with Franz Boas at Columbia University (PhD in 1929), and Bateson was a student of Alfred C. Haddon at Cambridge (MA in 1930). During their lives, neither held a tenured regular academic appointment, although both were active teachers and mentors. In their early and middle years, both worked in the field that came to be known as “culture and personality.” The couple worked together in Bali between January 1936 and March 1938. Following a comparative period of fieldwork among the Iatmul of New Guinea (April 1938–February 1939), they returned to Bali (February–March 1939), before returning to America. From their shared Balinese fieldwork they created a corpus of about 25,000 still photographs and 22,600 feet of 16 mm. film footage—and from the Iatmul of New Guinea, another 11,000 feet of film, and another 8,000 still photographs. From these materials, they produced two photographic ethnographies and seven edited films. These were perhaps the first cultural representations to use images, coupled with texts, as the primary vehicles for making ethnographic arguments and analyses. Although this transformed both visual anthropology and the discipline at large, it took many decades for their achievement to be recognized. Bateson and Mead, each in their own way, continued to advocate for the importance of visual representations in anthropology and related disciplines. After their divorce in 1950, Bateson continued his peripatetic professional career, often working collaboratively. His later work in psychiatry and the behavior of animals (otters, dolphins, and octopuses) found a place for visual documentation of non-verbal forms of communication. Except for her first fieldwork, in Samoa (1925), Mead never took her own photographs, instead collaborating with her ethnographic partners, especially two of her husbands, Reo Fortune and Gregory Bateson. More so than Bateson, in later life Mead was active in helping create the institutions of visual anthropology, through archives, conferences, publications, and teaching. Bateson and Mead’s visual anthropology has been influential throughout the scholarly world, but given the relatively large literature on the couple, this bibliography has been confined to works published in English.
‘Funk Money’: The End of Empires, The Expansion of Tax Havens, and Decolonization as an Economic and Financial Event*
Authors: Ogle Vanessa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article explores the question of what happened to European assets in the process of decolonization. It argues that decolonization created a money panic of sorts that led white settlers, businessmen, and officials to seek to liquidate assets they owned and move funds out of the colonial world. Instead of being repatriated to metropolitan countries with high tax rates and exchange controls, money moved to tax havens. Decolonization thus provided an important share of early postwar tax haven business in a period when tax havens and offshore finance expanded during the 1950s and 1960s. In turn, the withdrawal of Euro-American investments from the decolonizing world set the stage for the politics of development and modernization in the coming decades. Ironically, the outflow of funds during decolonization and the subsequent return of some funds in restructured form as investments by multinational and other companies soon caused difficulties in newly independent developing countries. Companies soon found ways to rebook profits to have occurred in a tax haven rather than in the developing world, thus depriving low-income countries from tax revenue. The withdrawal of Euro-American investments from the colonial world during decolonization moreover had implications for the growth of portfolio investment, as funds removed from colonies were often invested through a tax haven onwards in US securities. All in all, decolonization was an economic and financial event that is only beginning to emerge in full detail.
Engineering a fluorescence biosensor for the herbicide glyphosate
Authors: N’Guetta Pierre-Emmanuel Y , Fink Maggie M , Rizk Shahir S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Glyphosate, the active ingredient in RoundUp, is the most widely used herbicide on the globe, and has recently been linked to an increased risk in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in exposed individuals. Therefore, detection and monitoring of glyphosate levels in water and soil is important for public safety. Here, we describe a biosensor for glyphosate based on an engineered Escherichia coli phosphonate-binding protein (PhnD). Mutations in the binding pocket were introduced to convert PhnD into a glyphosate-binding protein. A fluorescence group attached near the hinge of the protein was added to monitor binding of glyphosate and to determine its concentration in unknown samples. The resulting engineered biosensor can detect glyphosate in tap water and in soil samples treated with the herbicide at submicromolar concentrations, well below the limit for drinking water in the USA. Incorporating this biosensor in a device would allow rapid and continuous monitoring of glyphosate in water and soil samples.
Rehabilitation Interventions for Shoulder Dysfunction in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Almeida Kleicyane Aguiar Meireles , Rocha Aline Pereira , Carvas Nelson , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Shoulder pain and dysfunction are highly prevalent after neck dissection in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). They can lead to muscle weakness, limited range of motion, and shoulder tilt and pain, which can reduce patient functioning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for shoulder dysfunction in patients with surgically treated HNC.

Methods
A search of principal databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, IBECS, PEDro, and SciELO) was conducted, in addition to hand searches and a search of gray literature, for all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published before February 2020. Two authors independently selected all relevant studies. The 7 RCTs fulfilling all inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed for risk of bias and certainty of evidence using the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool, respectively.

Results
Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that progressive resistance training is better than conventional treatment for improving pain and dysfunction in patients with HNC (pooled data from 214 participants; mean difference = −5.92; 95% CI = −11.38 to −0.45). Low-certainty evidence (data from 2 RCTs with 106 participants that could not be combined) suggests that acupuncture seems to be more effective than conventional treatment.

Conclusions
Progressive resistance training is effective for improving shoulder pain and dysfunction in patients with HNC. Further high-quality RCTs are needed to examine the effectiveness of acupuncture for improving shoulder pain and dysfunction in these patients. Future studies with longer follow-up times are needed to clarify the effects of early postoperative intervention.

Impact
Clinicians can have confidence that progressive resistance training in patients with surgically treated HNC is effective.

Lay Summary
These study results show that people with head and neck cancer can benefit from gradually increased resistance training to reduce shoulder pain and improve function. This study will help researchers design clinical trials to determine whether treatments such as acupuncture and early physical therapy also could be effective in treating this population.
Effect of different aged cartilage ECM on chondrogenesis of BMSCs in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Xiuyu , Lu Yan , Wang Wan , Wang Qiguang , Liang Jie , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomaterials are promising candidates in cartilage tissue engineering by simulating the native microenvironment to regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) without exogenous growth factors. The biological properties of ECM scaffolds are primarily depended on the original source, which would directly influence the chondrogenic effects of the ECM materials. Despite the expanding investigations on ECM scaffolds in recent years, the selection of optimized ECM materials in cartilage regeneration was less reported. In this study, we harvested and compared the articular cartilage ECM from newborn, juvenile and adult rabbits. The results demonstrated the significant differences in the mechanical strength, sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents of the different aged ECM, before and after decellularization. Consequently, different compositional and mechanical properties were shown in the three ECM-based collagen hydrogels, which exerted age-dependent chondrogenic inducibility. In general, both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that the newborn ECM promoted the most chondrogenesis of BMSCs but led to severe matrix calcification. In contrast, BMSCs synthesized the lowest amount of cartilaginous matrix with minimal calcification with adult ECM. The juvenile ECM achieved the best overall results in promoting chondrogenesis of BMSCs and preventing matrix calcification. Together, this study provides important information to our current knowledge in the design of future ECM-based biomaterials towards a successful repair of articular cartilage.
Anti-protein C antibodies and acquired protein C resistance in SLE: novel markers for thromboembolic events and disease activity?
Authors: Ramirez Giuseppe A , Mackie Ian , Nallamilli Susanna , Pires Tatiana , Moll Rachel , Pericleous Charis , Isenberg David A , Cohen Hannah , Efthymiou Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesRisk factors for thromboembolism in SLE are poorly understood. We hypothesized a possible role for protein C, based on its dual activity in inflammation and haemostasis and on the evidence of an association between acquired activated protein C (APC) resistance (APCR) and high-avidity anti-protein C antibodies (anti-PC) with a severe thrombotic phenotype in venous thrombosis APS patients.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study of 156 SLE patients, the presence and avidity of IgG anti-PC was established by in house-ELISA, and APCR to exogenous recombinant human APC (rhAPC) and Protac (which activates endogenous protein C) was assessed by thrombin generation-based assays. Associations with aPL profile, thrombotic history and disease activity (BILAG and SLEDAI-2K) were also established.ResultsAnti-PC were detected in 54.5% of patients and APCR in 59%. Anti-PC positivity was associated with APCR to both rhAPC (P &lt;0.0001) and Protac (P =0.0001). High-avidity anti-PC, detected in 26.3% of SLE patients, were associated with APCR in patients with thrombosis only (P &lt;0.05), and with the development of thrombosis over time (range: 0–52 years; P =0.014). High-avidity anti-PC levels correlated with SLEDAI-2K (P =0.033) and total BILAG (P =0.019); SLEDAI-2K correlated inversely with APCR to Protac (P =0.004).ConclusionAnti-PC occur in patients with SLE, independently of aPL profile, and are associated with APCR. High-avidity anti-PC are associated with thrombosis and with active disease and might prove a novel marker to monitor the risk of thrombosis and disease progression in SLE.
Serum cytokine levels associated with myocardial injury in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: du Toit Riëtte , Reuter Helmuth , Walzl Gerhard , Snyders Candice , Chegou Novel N , Herbst Phillip G , Doubell Anton F 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo identify cytokines, markers of endothelial activation [soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)] and myocyte strain [soluble ST2 (sST2)] associated with myocardial injury (MInj) in SLE, classified by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) criteria.MethodsCMR was performed on patients with SLE, identifying stages of MInj (inflammation and necrosis or fibrosis). Data captured included: clinical assessment, laboratory and serological analyses, cytokine (IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-alpha), sVCAM-1 and sST2 levels. Cytokines were compared with regard to SLE features and evidence of CMR MInj. Predictors of CMR MInj were determined through regression analyses.ResultsForty-one patients with high disease activity (SLEDAI-2K: 13; IQR: 3–17) were included. SLE features included: LN (n = 12), neurolupus (n = 6) and clinical lupus myocarditis (LM) (n = 6). Nineteen patients had CMR evidence of MInj. Patients with a SLEDAI-2K ≥ 12 had higher sVCAM-1 (P = 0.010) and sST2 (P = 0.032) levels. Neurolupus was associated with higher IL-1Ra (P = 0.038) and LN with lower IL-1Ra (P = 0.025) and sVCAM-1 (P = 0.036) levels. Higher IL-1Ra (P = 0.012), IL-17 (P = 0.045), IL-18 (P = 0.003), and sVCAM-1 (P = 0.062) levels were observed in patients with CMR MInj compared with those without. On multivariable logistic regression, IL-1Ra predicted CMR inflammation and fibrosis/necrosis (P &lt; 0.005) while anti-Ro/SSA [odds ratio (OR): 1.197; P = 0.035] and the SLE damage index (OR: 4.064; P = 0.011) predicted fibrosis/necrosis.ConclusionThis is a novel description of associations between cytokines and SLE MInj. IL-18 and IL-1Ra were significantly higher in patients with MInj. IL-1Ra independently predicted different stages of CMR MInj. Exploration of the role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of SLE MInj may promote targeted therapies for LM.
Antidepressant and anticonvulsant prescription rates in patients with osteoarthritis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: van den Driest Jacoline J , Schiphof Dieuwke , de Wilde Marcel , Bindels Patrick J E , van der Lei Johan , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
There are signs that antidepressants and anticonvulsants are being prescribed more often for OA patients, despite limited evidence. Our objectives were to examine prescription rates and time trends for antidepressants and anticonvulsants in OA patients, to assess the percentage of long-term prescriptions, and to determine patient characteristics associated with antidepressant or anticonvulsant prescription.

Methods
A population-based cohort study was conducted using the Integrated Primary Care Information database. First, episodic and prevalent prescription rates for antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline and duloxetine) and anticonvulsants (gabapentinoids) in OA patients were calculated for the period 2008–17. Logistic regression was used to assess which patient characteristics were associated with prescriptions.

Results
In total, 164 292 OA patients were included. The prescription rates of amitriptyline, gabapentin and pregabalin increased over time. The increase in prescription rates for pregabalin was most pronounced. Episodic prescription rate increased from 7.1 to 13.9 per 1000 person-years between 2008 and 2017. Amitriptyline was prescribed most (15.1 episodic prescriptions per 1000 person-years in 2017). Prescription rates of nortriptyline and duloxetine remained stable at 3.0 and 2.0 episodic prescriptions per 1000 person-years, respectively. For ≤3% of patients with incident OA, medication was prescribed long-term (≥3 months). In general, all medication was prescribed more frequently for older patients (except duloxetine), women, patients with OA in ≥2 joints, patients with spinal OA and patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

Conclusion
Prescription rates of amitriptyline, gabapentin and pregabalin increased over time. Since there is little evidence to support prescription in OA, caution is necessary when prescribing.
Geolocation as a Digital Phenotyping Measure of Negative Symptoms and Functional Outcome
Authors: Raugh Ian M , James Sydney H , Gonzalez Cristina M , Chapman Hannah C , Cohen Alex S , Kirkpatrick Brian , Strauss Gregory P 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveNegative symptoms and functional outcome have traditionally been assessed using clinical rating scales, which rely on retrospective self-reports and have several inherent limitations that impact validity. These issues may be addressed with more objective digital phenotyping measures. In the current study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a novel “passive” digital phenotyping method: geolocation.MethodParticipants included outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ: n = 44), outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD: n =19), and demographically matched healthy controls (CN: n = 42) who completed 6 days of “active” digital phenotyping assessments (eg, surveys) while geolocation was recorded.ResultsResults indicated that SZ patients show less activity than CN and BD, particularly, in their travel from home. Geolocation variables demonstrated convergent validity by small to medium correlations with negative symptoms and functional outcome measured via clinical rating scales, as well as active digital phenotyping behavioral indices of avolition, asociality, and anhedonia. Discriminant validity was supported by low correlations with positive symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Reliability was supported by good internal consistency and moderate stability across days.ConclusionsThese findings provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of geolocation as an objective measure of negative symptoms and functional outcome. Geolocation offers enhanced precision and the ability to take a “big data” approach that facilitates sophisticated computational models. Near-continuous recordings and large numbers of samples may make geolocation a novel outcome measure for clinical trials due to enhanced power to detect treatment effects.
The Roman origin of the trust (juridical–linguistic peculiarities)
Authors: Gvelesiani Irina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The trust is a unique institution of the Anglo-American legal system. Its adaptable character facilitates its popularity in the European juridical arena. It is generally believed that the trust arose from legal institution use, which was created in the British law of the 13–14th centuries as a mode of transferring assets. However, the issue of the origin of the use/trust is still very debatable. The article deals with the question of the Roman origin of the use. The research is oriented to the juridical and linguistic peculiarities.