bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment effects on IL‐9+CD4+ T cells and the cytokines influencing IL‐9 production in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Moravej Ali , Choopanizadeh Maral , Pourabbas Bahman , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Kalani Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsGiven the involvement of IL‐9 in the immune responses to parasitic infections, we aimed to determine alterations in the levels of IL‐9+CD4+ T cells and the cytokines influencing their differentiations and functions following treatment in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis (VL).Methods and resultsEighteen VL and 20 healthy children were included. The levels of IL‐9+CD4+ T cells and cytokines influencing their differentiations and functions were measured in the blood and PBMC culture supernatant at the onset of diagnosis and 1 and 2 weeks and 2 months after treatment, using flow cytometer. IL‐9+CD4+ T cells, IL‐2 and TNF‐α were significantly higher in the blood of VL patients than those in the controls; however, following treatment, IL‐9+CD4+ T cells down‐regulated and IL‐33 and IFN‐γ significantly up‐regulated. After ex vivo stimulation, although the released cytokines were not significantly different between the study groups, the levels of IL‐2, IL‐9 and IFN‐γ significantly decreased.ConclusionsThe higher frequency of IL‐9+CD4+ T cells and its decline following treatment implies their roles in the immunopathogenesis of VL; however, at the diagnosis onset, lower levels of serum IL‐9 and its higher level in the culture supernatant may confer in vivo dysfunction of IL‐9+CD4+ T cells in the acute phase of human VL.
Private regulation, public policy, and the perils of adverse ontological selection
Authors: Grabs Janina , Auld Graeme , Cashore Benjamin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhat problems can private regulatory governance solve, and what role should public policy play? Despite access to the same empirical evidence, the current scholarship on private governance offers widely divergent answers to these questions. Through a critical review, this paper details five ontologically distinct academic logics – calculated strategic behavior; learning and experimentalist processes; political institutionalism; global value chain and convention theory; and neo‐Gramscian accounts – that offer divergent conclusions based on the particular facets of private governance they illuminate, while ignoring those they obfuscate. In this crowded marketplace of ideas, scholars and practitioners are in danger of adverse ontological selection whereby certain approaches and insights are systematically ignored and certain problem conceptions are prioritized over others. As a corrective, we encourage scholars to make their assumptions explicit, and occasionally switch between logics, to better understand private governance's problem‐solving potential and its interactions with public policy.
“It Has Changed Completely”: How Local Sports Broadcasters Adapted to No Sports
Authors: Hull Kevin , Romney Miles 
Published: August 2020

When COVID-19 shut down the sports world, local sports broadcasters were without the games and events that traditionally fill the content of their shows. While national media outlets could dive deep into the archives to play old games and classic content, local sports broadcasters traditionally do not have that option. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how the jobs and daily routines of local sports broadcasters changed in the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-section of local sports broadcasters from a variety of markets was surveyed, and, based on the responses, several themes emerged: (a) an emphasis on creativity, (b) a shift in daily responsibility, (c) and an uncertain future.
Gendering the Coronavirus Pandemic: Toward a Framework of Interdependence for Sport
Authors: Pape Madeleine , McLachlan Fiona 
Published: August 2020

A growing body of research suggests that economic crises tend to exacerbate existing gender inequalities, particularly in the realms of paid work and political representation. Translating this to the case of sport, how and why might the impacts of the Coronavirus pandemic be felt unevenly by professional female athletes and women leaders? In this essay, the authors reflect on the classic feminist critique of the gendered construction of dependence and consider how its application in the context of sport might aid scholars in making sense of (a) the persistence of gendered precarity and inequality in sport, (b) the prospect of their exacerbation under conditions of a pandemic, and (c) how the current crisis might enable sport to move toward a model of interdependence in which its vastly unequal structures are changed for the better.
Antimicrobial peptides in human corneal tissue of patients with fungal keratitis
Authors: Mohammed Imran , Mohanty Debasmita , Said Dalia G. , Barik Manas Ranjan , Reddy Mamatha M , Alsaadi Ahmed , Das Sujata , Dua Harminder Singh , Mittal Ruchi 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundFungal keratitis (FK) is the leading cause of unilateral blindness in the developing world. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been shown to play an important role on human ocular surface (OS) during bacterial, viral and protozoan infections. In this study, our aim was to profile a spectrum of AMPs in corneal tissue from patients with FK during the active pase of infection and after healing.MethodsOS samples were collected from patients at presentation by impression cytology and scraping. Corneal button specimens were collected from patients undergoing therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty for management of severe FK or healed keratitis. Gene expression of human beta-defensin (HBD)-1, -2, -3 and -9, S100A7, and LL-37 was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsMessenger RNA expression (mRNA) for all AMPs was shown to be significantly upregulated in FK samples. The levels of HBD-1 and -2 mRNA were found to be elevated in 18/20 FK samples. Whereas mRNA for HBD-3 and S100A7 was upregulated in 11/20 and HBD9 was increased in 15/20 FK samples. LL-37 mRNA showed moderate upregulation in 7/20 FK samples compared with controls. In healed scar samples, mRNA of all AMPs was found to be low and matching the levels in controls.ConclusionAMP expression is a consistent feature of FK, but not all AMPs are equally expressed. HBD-1 and -2 are most consistently expressed and LL-37 the least, suggesting some specificity of AMP expression related to FK. These results will help to identify HBD sequence templates for designing FK-specific peptides to test for therapeutic potential.
100 most-cited articles on diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Koh Barry Moses Quan Ren , Banu Riswana , Nusinovici Simon , Sabanayagam Charumathi 
Published: August 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) research has had significant advancements over the past decades. We analysed the impact and characteristics of the top 100 (T100) most-cited articles in DR research. The Scopus database was searched for articles published from 1960 to June 2020 by two independent investigators. The T100 DR articles were published between 1961 and 2017 with median citations of 503 (range: 306–20 100); 84% were published after 1990. More than half (59%) were published in general medical/diabetes journals while 37% in ophthalmology journals. The top six journals contributed to 56% of the T100: Ophthalmology (n=13), Archives of Ophthalmology (n=12), Diabetes (n=9), New England Journal of Medicine (n=8), Journal of the American Medical Association (n=7) and The Lancet (n=7). Although observational studies were most popular (33%), randomised controlled trials (RCTs, 24%) published in journals with higher impact factor (IF) and citations (median IF and citations=7.113, 503 vs 21.437, 696.5, both p-value<0.05). 33 of the T100 were cited by several international DR clinical guidelines. The USA contributed to 63% of T100, but 18% of articles published after 2000 came from Asia. More than 80% of both first and last authors were men. Artificial intelligence (AI) to screen for DR ranked 14th and 99th despite recent publications in 2016 and 2017, respectively. To conclude, our T100 analysis showed that RCTs were most-cited and more articles were published in non-ophthalmology than ophthalmology journals. It highlights the impact the T100 DR has in shaping guidelines used to date in DR management, identifies AI for DR screening as an emerging area and shows a contemporary rise of Asian contribution in DR research.
Regional differences in the impact of diabetes on population health in the USA
Authors: Zang Emma , Lynch Scott M , West Jessica 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundTo evaluate regional disparities in the influence of diabetes on population health, we examine life expectancies at age 50 between population with diabetes and healthy population and life quality among the population with diabetes among native-born Americans by birth region and current residence.MethodsUsing data on a cohort of 17 686 native-born individuals from the Health and Retirement Survey (1998–2014), we applied a Bayesian multistate life table method to estimate life expectancies at age 50 between population with diabetes and healthy population by each birth/current region combination. We further estimate the proportion of life remaining without either chronic conditions or disabilities as a quality of life measure and the probabilities that one region is worse than the other in terms of different health outcomes.ResultsAt age 50, persons with diabetes (PWD) were expected to live on average 5.8–10.8 years less than their healthy equivalents across regions. Diabetes had the greatest influence on life expectancy (LE) for older adults who lived in the South at the time of interviews. PWD born in the South were more likely to have developed chronic conditions or disabilities and spent greater proportions of life with these two issues compared to other regions.ConclusionDiabetes is a significant threat to LE and healthy LE in the USA, particularly for people born or living in the South.
Distribution of injectate administered through a catheter inserted by three different approaches to ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block: a prospective observational study
Authors: Termpornlert Sivaporn , Sakura Shinichi , Aoyama Yuki , Wittayapairoj Aumjit , Kishimoto Koji , Saito Yoji 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundDespite the popularity of continuous thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB), there is a paucity of information on catheter tip position and distribution of injectate through the catheter. We observed, in real time, the spread of dye, the catheter tip position and sensory block levels produced with three different (intercostal (IC), transverse process sagittal (TS) and paralaminar (PL)) approaches to ultrasound-guided TPVB in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.MethodsAfter the induction of general anesthesia, ultrasound-guided TPVB was conducted with a patient in the lateral decubitus position. During surgery, 10 mL of dye was injected through a catheter to observe the catheter tip and the dye distribution under thoracoscopy. Dermatomal sensory block levels were measured postoperatively.ResultsTen patients for each of three different approaches completed the study. There were a variety of dye spreading patterns. The median (range) number of segmental levels stained with dye was 1.5 (1–4), 3 (1–4) and 3 (1–5) with the IC, TS and PL approaches, respectively. We observed that a catheter tip was present at the same segmental paravertebral space as intended in 50%–90% of patients using these approaches. The median (range) number of dermatomes with sensory blockade at 6 hours after block was 2.5 (1–4), 3 (2–8) and 3 (1–8) with the IC, TS and PL approaches, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough a bolus injection through a catheter for ultrasound-guided TPVB produced multiple levels of spread and sensory blockade in more than half the patients, considerable differences existed in the spread regardless of approach.
Integrated Genomic Characterization of the Human Immunome in Cancer
Authors: Li Yongsheng , Burgman Brandon , McGrail Daniel J. , Sun Ming , Qi Dan , Shukla Sachet A. , Wu Erxi , Capasso Anna , Lin Shiaw-Yih , Wu Catherine J. , Eckhardt S. Gail , Mills Gordon B. , Li Bo , Sahni Nidhi , Yi S. Stephen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Alterations in immune-related pathways are common hallmarks of cancer. A comprehensive understanding of how cancer mutations rewire immune signaling networks and functional output across cancer types is instrumental to realize the full potential of immunotherapy. Here, we systematically interrogated somatic mutations involved in immune signaling that alter immune responses in patients with cancer. To do so, we developed a Network-based Integrative model to Prioritize Potential immune respondER genes (NIPPER). Identified mutations were enriched in essential protein domains and genes identified by NIPPER were associated with responsiveness to multiple immunotherapy modalities. These genes were used to devise an interactome network propagation framework integrated with drug-associated gene signatures to identify potential immunomodulatory drug candidates. Together, our systems-level analysis results help interpret the heterogeneous immune responses among patients and serve as a resource for future functional studies and targeted therapeutics.

Significance:
This study demonstrates that integration of multi-omics data can help identify critical molecular determinants for effective targeted therapeutics.
Effect of a Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Aid for African-American Men in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Allen Jennifer D. , Filson Christopher P. , Berry Donna L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
African-American men have an elevated risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer. Shared decision-making (SDM) about prostate cancer screening is recommended but does not always occur.

Methods:
We pilot-tested an online decision aid (DA) in primary care settings using a pre/postevaluation design among African-American men ages 45 to 70 years. Men completed surveys before and after using the DA, which had interactive segments (e.g., values clarification) and provided individualized assessment of prostate cancer risk. Primary outcomes included prostate cancer knowledge, confidence in ability to make informed decisions, decisional conflict, and satisfaction with the decision. Immediately after the clinical visit, patients reported the degree to which they were engaged by their provider in SDM.

Results:
Among this sample of men (n = 49), use of the DA was associated with increased knowledge about prostate cancer [mean = 55.3% vs. 71.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.8–22.1; P &lt; 0.001], reduced decisional conflict (mean = 33.4 vs. 23.6; 95% CI, −18.1 to −1.6; P = 0.002) on a scale from 0 to 100, and a decreased preference to be screened (88% vs. 69%; 95% CI, 0.09–0.64; P = 0.01). Most (89%) reported that the DA prepared them well/very well for SDM with their provider. Following the clinical visit with providers, scores on perceived involvement in SDM were 68.1 (SD 29.1) on a 0 to 100 scale.

Conclusions:
The DA improved men's knowledge, reduced decisional conflict, and promoted the perception of being prepared for SDM.

Impact:
Findings suggest that use of an online DA to improve SDM outcomes warrants further testing in a future trial.
Aging-Associated miR-217 Aggravates Atherosclerosis and Promotes Cardiovascular Dysfunction
Authors: de Yébenes Virginia G. , Briones Ana M. , Martos-Folgado Inmaculada , Mur Sonia M. , Oller Jorge , Bilal Faiz , González-Amor María , Méndez-Barbero Nerea , Silla-Castro Juan Carlos , Were Felipe , Jiménez-Borreguero Luis J. , Sánchez-Cabo Fátima , Bueno Héctor , Salaices Mercedes , Redondo Juan Miguel , Ramiro Almudena R. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
microRNAs are master regulators of gene expression with essential roles in virtually all biological processes. miR-217 has been associated with aging and cellular senescence, but its role in vascular disease is not understood.

Approach and Results:

We have used an inducible endothelium-specific knock-in mouse model to address the role of miR-217 in vascular function and atherosclerosis. miR-217 reduced NO production and promoted endothelial dysfunction, increased blood pressure, and exacerbated atherosclerosis in proatherogenic apoE
−/
−
mice. Moreover, increased endothelial miR-217 expression led to the development of coronary artery disease and altered left ventricular heart function, inducing diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous vascular miR-217 in apoE
−/−
mice improved vascular contractility and diminished atherosclerosis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that miR-217 regulates an endothelial signaling hub and downregulates a network of eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) activators, including VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and apelin receptor pathways, resulting in diminished eNOS expression. Further analysis revealed that human plasma miR-217 is a biomarker of vascular aging and cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions:
Our results highlight the therapeutic potential of miR-217 inhibitors in aging-related cardiovascular disease.
The Spirit of God in Haggai 2:5: Prophecy as a Sign of God’s Spirit
Authors: Abernethy Andrew T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In Hag 2:5b, a statement unique within the Hebrew Bible appears: ורוחי עמדת בתוככם (“my spirit is standing in your midst”). Some interpret this clause as stating that God will empower the entire community by his spirit to rebuild the temple. Others interpret this as a promise that God will be present to protect his people by his spirit, as he had with the Pillar of Cloud in exodus traditions. After a critique of these standard interpretations, the case is made to support a marginal view that Hag 2:5b refers to the spirit of God in prophetic activity in the post-exilic era.
Text- and Source-Criticism of 1 Samuel 17–18: A Complete Account
Authors: Chavel Simeon , DeGrado Jessie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article contributes to the debate about the two versions of 1 Samuel 17–18, the shorter one in the Greek Bible and the longer one in the Hebrew. The majority opinion holds that Vaticanus represents the earlier stage and the MT pluses comprise a second version of the main episode, along with harmonizations and additional material. Several of the pluses in chapter 18, however, have been overlooked in previous studies. Accounting for each plus through the end of chapter 18, this study recovers a complete and independent second story that concludes with David’s successful marriage to Saul’s daughter as the reward promised; it identifies and explains all harmonizing additions; and it categorizes an unusual set of unnecessary interpolations made to enrich the story. The study confirms that parallel stories existed and circulated in written form outside “biblical” scrolls; that scribes meticulously spliced written sources to incorporate perceived parallels; and that scribes inserted material to enrich plot-lines, apart from solving narrative problems.
The Wilderness Period without Generation Change: The Deuteronomic Portrait of Israel’s Forty-Year Journey
Authors: Stackert Jeffrey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Deuteronomic authors (D) include several references to the Israelites’ forty-year sojourn in the wilderness. Yet even where it can be shown that these writers depend upon source material for this tradition, they seek to recast its purpose, a process that also requires modification of particular story elements. Specifically, D transforms the extended wilderness sojourn from a period of punishment to one of preparation. In so doing, it eliminates the tradition of Israelite generation change during this time. Subsequent interpolations were introduced non-systematically into Deuteronomy in order to harmonize D’s views with those found elsewhere in the Pentateuch.
Finding the Threads in Taiwan History and Historiography
Authors: Alsford Niki J.P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The quest to situate Taiwan, and its history, as a field of study continues to accompany a flow of dirges. Taiwan Studies has been argued to occupy ‘a marginal position’ within the field of Chinese Studies, while at the same time it is acknowledged that those who are interested in China cannot ignore Taiwan entirely. Some argue that the study of Taiwan is ‘an impossible task’ since ‘Taiwan is already written out of mainstream Western discourse due its insignificance’. This survey (though by no means exhaustive) is an effort to chart the evolution of Taiwan history and historiography and argue that those engaging with the study of Taiwan have always sought ways to adapt and thrive. Attention to this is important as scholars of Taiwan seek to define the field as thing unto itself.
Das Flugblatt im Medienverbund der Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Bellingradt Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
One characteristic feature of the early modern media ensemble were the so-called ‘small’ and ‘occasional’ prints – a variety of pamphlet publications and single-sheet items that may be referred to as Flugpublizistik. In this article, one distinctive single-sheet variation, namely the early modern broadside with image and text parts, will be highlighted both as image transporting media and as a recycling product of the media ensemble. As is demonstrated using approaches from communication history and media economics, the early modern broadside with image and text parts is just another product of the most typical and constant processing of observed media-flows into new streams of media.
Entre histoire, droit et sciences sociales. Jochen Hoock : un parcours historien franco-allemand
Authors: Garner Guillaume 
Published: August 2020

Résumé
Cet article présente les recherches de Jochen Hoock (1939-2019) qui se situent au carrefour de l’histoire sociale, de l’histoire du droit et de l’histoire des savoirs. Après avoir analysé les débats autour de la réforme de l’État en France (1880-1936), Hoock a étudié la constitution de la bourgeoisie marchande à Rouen aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles en soulignant les tensions qui la traversaient et l’importance des institutions dans son affirmation. Ses recherches se sont également orientées vers l’étude du savoir commercial (avec le projet Ars Mercatoria sur les manuels à l’usage des marchands) et des savoirs économiques et statistiques en France et en Allemagne. Très impliqué dans le « tournant critique » des Annales à partir de la fin des années 1980. Hoock a également été un passeur entre les historiographies allemande et française comme en témoignent ses traductions et ses présentations de l’œuvre de Reinhart Koselleck.
Genizah within the Genizah
Authors: Zvi Stampfer Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with passages from works by Muslim authors embedded within works of Jewish Law (Halakha) and biblical commentary; some passages are quoted verbatim, while others were reworked to fit the Jewish context by replacing references to the Qurʾān with references to the Jewish Bible. The Jewish works were written in Judeo-Arabic, making it easy to seamlessly adapt and integrate passages written in Arabic. Neither of the Jewish authors note that they are borrowing from earlier sources: sometimes one can recognize the embedded passage through a change in the linguistic register, but in other cases only familiarity with the borrowed texts can bring them to the reader’s attention. While scholars have noted this phenomenon in fields outside the Jewish legal context, such as philology and philosophy, it has not been recognized within judicial works. The sources discussed here survived only in the Cairo Genizah and have not previously been published.