bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational change and the risk of sickness absence: a longitudinal multilevel analysis of organizational unit-level change in hospitals
Authors: Grønstad Anniken , Kjekshus Lars Erik , Tjerbo Trond , Bernstrøm Vilde Hoff 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Organizational change is often associated with reduced employee health and increased sickness absence. However, most studies in the field accentuate major organizational change and often do not distinguish between and compare types of change. The aim of this study was to examine the different relationships between six unit-level changes (upsizing, downsizing, merger, spin-off, outsourcing and insourcing) and sickness absence among hospital employees.

Methods
The study population included employees working in a large Norwegian hospital (n = 26,252). Data on unit-level changes and employee sickness absence were retrieved from objective hospital registers for the period January 2011 to December 2016. The odds of entering short- (< = 8 days) and long-term (> = 9 days) sickness absence for each individual employee were estimated in a longitudinal multilevel random effects logistic regression model.

Results
Unit-level organizational change was associated with both increasing and decreasing odds of short-term sickness absence compared to stability, but the direction depended on the type and stages of change. The odds of long-term sickness absence significantly decreased in relation to unit-level upsizing and unit-level outsourcing.

Conclusions
The results from this study suggested that certain types of change, such as unit-level downsizing, may produce greater strain and concerns among employees, possibly contributing to an increased risk of sickness absence at certain stages of the change. By contrast, changes such as unit-level insourcing and unit-level upsizing were related to decreased odds of sickness absence, possibly due to positive change characteristics.
Ovol2, a zinc finger transcription factor, is dispensable for spermatogenesis in mice
Authors: Zhang Jin , Dong Juan , Qin Weibing , Cao Congcong , Wen Yujiao , Tang Yunge , Yuan Shuiqiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOvol2, a mouse homolog of Drosophila ovo, was identified as a zinc finger transcription factor predominantly expressed in testis. However, the function of Ovol2 in postnatal male germ cell development remains enigmatic. Here, we firstly examined the mRNA and protein levels of Ovol2 in developing mouse testes by RT-qPCR and western blot and found that both mRNA and protein of Ovol2 are continually expressed in postnatal developing testes from postnatal day 0 (P0) testes to adult testes (P56) and exhibits its higher level at adult testis. Further testicular immuno-staining revealed that OVOL2 is highly expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids. Interestingly, our conditional ovol2 knockout mouse model show that loss of ovol2 in embryonic germ cells does not affect fecundity in mice. Our data also show that Ovol1 may have compensated for the loss of Ovol2 functions in germ cells. Overall, our data indicate that ovol2 is dispensable for germ cell development and spermatogenesis.
DeepSeedling: deep convolutional network and Kalman filter for plant seedling detection and counting in the field
Authors: Jiang Yu , Li Changying , Paterson Andrew H. , Robertson Jon S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlant population density is an important factor for agricultural production systems due to its substantial influence on crop yield and quality. Traditionally, plant population density is estimated by using either field assessment or a germination-test-based approach. These approaches can be laborious and inaccurate. Recent advances in deep learning provide new tools to solve challenging computer vision tasks such as object detection, which can be used for detecting and counting plant seedlings in the field. The goal of this study was to develop a deep-learning-based approach to count plant seedlings in the field.ResultsOverall, the final detection model achieved F1 scores of 0.727 (at$$IOU_{all}$$IOUall) and 0.969 (at$$IOU_{0.5}$$IOU0.5) on the$$Seedling_{All}$$SeedlingAlltesting set in which images had large variations, indicating the efficacy of the Faster RCNN model with the Inception ResNet v2 feature extractor for seedling detection. Ablation experiments showed that training data complexity substantially affected model generalizability, transfer learning efficiency, and detection performance improvements due to increased training sample size. Generally, the seedling counts by the developed method were highly correlated ($$R^2$$R2= 0.98) with that found through human field assessment for 75 test videos collected in multiple locations during multiple years, indicating the accuracy of the developed approach. Further experiments showed that the counting accuracy was largely affected by the detection accuracy: the developed approach provided good counting performance for unknown datasets as long as detection models were well generalized to those datasets.ConclusionThe developed deep-learning-based approach can accurately count plant seedlings in the field. Seedling detection models trained in this study and the annotated images can be used by the research community and the cotton industry to further the development of solutions for seedling detection and counting.
Comparative clinical evaluation of atlas and deep-learning-based auto-segmentation of organ structures in liver cancer
Authors: Ahn Sang Hee , Yeo Adam Unjin , Kim Kwang Hyeon , Kim Chankyu , Goh Youngmoon , Cho Shinhaeng , Lee Se Byeong , Lim Young Kyung , Kim Haksoo , Shin Dongho , Kim Taeyoon , Kim Tae Hyun , Youn Sang Hee , Oh Eun Sang , Jeong Jong Hwi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Accurate and standardized descriptions of organs at risk (OARs) are essential in radiation therapy for treatment planning and evaluation. Traditionally, physicians have contoured patient images manually, which, is time-consuming and subject to inter-observer variability.
This study aims to a) investigate whether customized, deep-learning-based auto-segmentation could overcome the limitations of manual contouring and b) compare its performance against a typical, atlas-based auto-segmentation method organ structures in liver cancer.

Methods
On-contrast computer tomography image sets of 70 liver cancer patients were used, and four OARs (heart, liver, kidney, and stomach) were manually delineated by three experienced physicians as reference structures. Atlas and deep learning auto-segmentations were respectively performed with MIM Maestro 6.5 (MIM Software Inc., Cleveland, OH) and, with a deep convolution neural network (DCNN). The Hausdorff distance (HD) and, dice similarity coefficient (DSC), volume overlap error (VOE), and relative volume difference (RVD) were used to quantitatively evaluate the four different methods in the case of the reference set of the four OAR structures.

Results
The atlas-based method yielded the following average DSC and standard deviation values (SD) for the heart, liver, right kidney, left kidney, and stomach: 0.92 ± 0.04 (DSC ± SD), 0.93 ± 0.02, 0.86 ± 0.07, 0.85 ± 0.11, and 0.60 ± 0.13 respectively. The deep-learning-based method yielded corresponding values for the OARs of 0.94 ± 0.01, 0.93 ± 0.01, 0.88 ± 0.03, 0.86 ± 0.03, and 0.73 ± 0.09. The segmentation results show that the deep learning framework is superior to the atlas-based framwork except in the case of the liver. Specifically, in the case of the stomach, the DSC, VOE, and RVD showed a maximum difference of 21.67, 25.11, 28.80% respectively.

Conclusions
In this study, we demonstrated that a deep learning framework could be used more effectively and efficiently compared to atlas-based auto-segmentation for most OARs in human liver cancer. Extended use of the deep-learning-based framework is anticipated for auto-segmentations of other body sites.
Pretreatment of sweet sorghum straw and its enzymatic digestion: insight into the structural changes and visualization of hydrolysis process
Authors: Dong Miaoyin , Wang Shuyang , Xu Fuqiang , Wang Junkai , Yang Ning , Li Qiaoqiao , Chen Jihong , Li Wenjian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
The efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production has received increasing attention. Previous studies have investigated the pretreatment process of biomass, but the detailed enzymatic hydrolysis process of pretreated biomass remains largely unclear. Thus, this study investigated the pretreatment efficiency of dilute alkali, acid, hydrogen peroxide and its ultimate effects on enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, to better understand the enzymatic digestion process of alkali-pretreated sweet sorghum straw (SSS), multimodal microscopy techniques were used to visualize the enzymatic hydrolysis process.

Result
After pretreatment with alkali, an enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of 86.44% was obtained, which increased by 99.54% compared to the untreated straw (43.23%). The FTIR, XRD and SEM characterization revealed a sequence of microstructural changes occurring in plant cell walls after pretreatment, including the destruction of lignin–polysaccharide interactions, the increase of porosity and crystallinity, and reduction of recalcitrance. During the course of hydrolysis, the cellulase dissolved the cell walls in the same manner and the digestion firstly occurred from the middle of cell walls and then toward the cell wall corners. The CLSM coupled with fluorescent labeling demonstrated that the sclerenchyma cells and vascular bundles in natural SSS were highly lignified, which caused the nonproductive bindings of cellulase on lignin. However, the efficient delignification significantly increased the accessibility and digestibility of cellulase to biomass, thereby improving the saccharification efficiency.

Conclusion
This work will be helpful in investigating the biomass pretreatment and its structural characterization. In addition, the visualization results of the enzymatic hydrolysis process of pretreated lignocellulose could be used for guidance to explore the lignocellulosic biomass processing and large-scale biofuel production.
Incomer, a DD36E family of Tc1/mariner transposons newly discovered in animals
Authors: Sang Yatong , Gao Bo , Diaby Mohamed , Zong Wencheng , Chen Cai , Shen Dan , Wang Saisai , Wang Yali , Ivics Zoltán , Song Chengyi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTheTc1/marinersuperfamily might represent the most diverse and widely distributed group of DNA transposons. Several families have been identified; however, exploring the diversity of this superfamily and updating its classification is still ongoing in the life sciences.ResultsHere we identified a new family ofTc1/marinertransposons, namedIncomer(IC), which is close to, but distinct from the known family DD34E/Tc1.ICshave a total length of about 1.2 kb, and harbor a single open reading frame encoding a ~ 346 amino acid transposase with a DD36E motif and flanked by short terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) (22–32 base pairs, bp). This family is absent from prokaryotes, and is mainly distributed among vertebrates (141 species of four classes), including Agnatha (one species of jawless fish), Actinopterygii (132 species of ray-finned fish), Amphibia (four species of frogs), and Mammalia (four species of bats), but have a restricted distribution in invertebrates (four species in Insecta and nine in Arachnida). AllICsin bats (Myotis lucifugus,Eptesicus fuscus,Myotis davidii, andMyotis brandtii) are present as truncated copies in these genomes, and most of them are flanked by relatively long TIRs (51–126 bp). High copy numbers of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) derived fromICswere also identified in bat genomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed thatICsare more closely related to DD34E/Tc1than to other families ofTc1/mariner(e.g., DD34D/marinerand DD × D/pogo), and can be classified into four distinct clusters. The host andICphylogenies and pairwise distance comparisons betweenRAG1genes and all consensus sequences ofICssupport the idea that multiple episodes of horizontal transfer (HT) ofICshave occurred in vertebrates. In addition, the discovery of intact transposases, perfect TIRs and target site duplications ofICssuggests that this family may still be active in Insecta, Arachnida, frogs, and fish.ConclusionsExploring the diversity ofTc1/marinertransposons and revealing their evolutionary profiles will help provide a better understanding of the evolution of DNA transposons and their impact on genomic evolution. Here, a newly discovered family (DD36E/Incomer) ofTc1/marinertransposons is described in animals. It displays a similar structural organization and close relationship with the known DD34E/Tc1elements, but has a relatively narrow distribution, indicating that DD36E/ICmight have originated from the DD34E/Tc1family. Our data also support the hypothesis of horizontal transfer ofICin vertebrates, even invading one lineage of mammals (bats). This study expands our understanding of the diversity ofTc1/marinertransposons and updates the classification of this superfamily.
File audit to assess sustained fidelity to a recovery and wellbeing oriented mental health service model: an Australian case study
Authors: Jones Cara L. , Deane Frank P. , Wolstencroft Keren , Zimmermann Adam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decade there has been increasing attention to implementing recovery-oriented approaches within mental health service practice and enhancing fidelity to such approaches. However, as is often the case with evidence-based practices, less attention has been paid to the sustainability of recovery-oriented approaches over time. This study sought to investigate whether fidelity to a recovery-oriented practice framework – the Collaborative Recovery Model could be sustained over time.MethodThe study setting was an Australian community managed mental health organisation. A file audit of consumer support plans was undertaken using the Goal and Action Plan Instrument for Quality audit tool (GAP-IQ). The audit tool assessed 17 areas for quality. Consumers (n = 116) from a large community managed mental health organisation participated in the study. Sustained fidelity to the Collaborative Recovery Model (CRM) was determined by comparing results from the file audit to a similar audit conducted 3 years earlier.ResultsThe file audit revealed a significant increase in fidelity to CRM practices between 2011 and 2014. Fidelity to individual audit items that comprise the GAP-IQ was also found to significantly increase across 16 of the 17 GAP-IQ audit items, with the exception of the ‘Action Plan Review’ audit item.ConclusionsA comparison of file audit data across different time points within the same setting can provide useful feedback about whether or not a practice is being sustained over time. Although fidelity increased overtime the study design does not allow conclusions that training and coaching practices implemented by the organisation were responsible.
Electrically assisted cycling for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bourne Jessica E. , Page Angie , Leary Sam , Andrews Robert C. , England Clare , Cooper Ashley R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing. Given the many complications associated with T2DM, effective management of the disease is crucial. Physical activity is considered to be a key component of T2DM management. However, people with T2DM are generally less physically active than individuals without T2DM and adherence to physical activity is often poor following completion of lifestyle interventions. As such, developing interventions that foster sustainable physical activity is of high priority. Electrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes) have been highlighted as a potential strategy for promoting physical activity in this population. E-bikes provide electrical assistance to the rider only when pedalling and could overcome commonly reported barriers to regular cycling. This paper describes the protocol of thePEDAL-2pilot randomized controlled trial, an e-cycling intervention aimed at increasing physical activity in individuals with T2DM.MethodsA parallel-group two-arm randomized waitlist-controlled pilot trial will be conducted. Forty individuals with T2DM will be randomly assigned, in a 1:1 allocation ratio, to an e-cycling intervention or waitlist control. Recruitment and screening will close once 20 participants have been randomized to each study arm. The intervention will involve e-bike training with a certified cycle instructor and provision of an e-bike for 12 weeks. Data will be collected at baseline, during the intervention and immediately post-intervention using both quantitative and qualitative methods. In this trial, the primary interests are determination of effective recruitment strategies, recruitment and consent rates, adherence and retention and delivery and receipt of the intervention. The potential impact of the intervention on a range of clinical, physiological and behaviour outcomes will be assessed to examine intervention promise. Data analyses will be descriptive.DiscussionThis paper describes the protocol for thePEDAL-2pilot randomized controlled trial. Results from this trial will provide information on trial feasibility and identify the promise of e-cycling as a strategy to positively impact the health and behaviour of individuals with T2DM. If appropriate, this information can be used to design and deliver a fully powered definitive trial.Trial registrationISRCTN,ISRCTN67421464. Registered 03/01/2019.
Healthy Parent Carers peer-led group-based health promotion intervention for parent carers of disabled children: protocol for a feasibility study using a parallel group randomised controlled trial design
Authors: Bjornstad Gretchen , Wilkinson Kath , Cuffe-Fuller Beth , Fitzpatrick Katharine , Borek Aleksandra , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Hawton Annie , Tarrant Mark , Berry Vashti , Lloyd Jenny , McDonald Annabel , Fredlund Mary , Rhodes Shelley , Logan Stuart , Morris Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Parent carers of disabled children are at increased risk of mental and physical health problems. They often experience challenges to maintaining good health which have implications for their well-being and their ability to care for their children. In response to these needs, researchers and parent carers developed the Healthy Parent Carers (HPC) programme. It is a peer-led, group-based intervention that promotes behaviours associated with health and well-being. The aims of this trial are to assess the acceptability of the HPC programme and the feasibility of its delivery in the community and to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the design of the definitive trial to evaluate the programme’s effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.

Methods
We will establish six research sites and train facilitators to deliver the manualised intervention. Parent carers of children with special educational needs and disabilities will be individually randomised, stratified by group delivery site, to either take part in a group programme and online resources (intervention) or to receive access to the online resources only (control). Measures of mental health; well-being; health-related quality of life; health behaviours; patient activation; protective factors such as resilience, social connections, and practical support; and use of health care, social care, and wider societal resources will be collected before randomisation (baseline), immediately post-intervention, and 6 months later. Recruitment of participants, adherence to the programme, and the dose received will be assessed. Group sessions will be audio-recorded to evaluate the fidelity of delivery and participant engagement. Participants’ and facilitators’ feedback on the programme content and delivery, their experience, and the acceptability of the outcome measures and trial design will be collected through feedback forms, interviews, and focus groups.

Discussion
This trial will assess whether the programme delivery and evaluative trial design are feasible, to inform whether to progress to a definitive randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Healthy Parent Carers programme.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN151144652, registered on 25 October 2018; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03705221, registered on 15 October 2018.
Extra-Large Gα Protein (XLαs) Deficiency Causes Severe Adenine-Induced Renal Injury with Massive FGF23 Elevation
Authors: Matthias Julia , Cui Qiuxia , Shumate Lauren T , Plagge Antonius , He Qing , Bastepe Murat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is critical for phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying FGF23 production remain poorly defined. The extra-large Gα subunit (XLαs) is a variant of the stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit (Gsα), which mediates the stimulatory action of parathyroid hormone in skeletal FGF23 production. XLαs ablation causes diminished FGF23 levels in early postnatal mice. Herein we found that plasma FGF23 levels were comparable in adult XLαs knockout (XLKO) and wild-type littermates. Upon adenine-rich diet-induced renal injury, a model of chronic kidney disease, both mice showed increased levels of plasma FGF23. Unexpectedly, XLKO mice had markedly higher FGF23 levels than WT mice, with higher blood urea nitrogen and more severe tubulopathy. FGF23 mRNA levels increased substantially in bone and bone marrow in both genotypes; however, the levels in bone were markedly higher than in bone marrow. In XLKO mice, a positive linear correlation was observed between plasma FGF23 and bone, but not bone marrow, FGF23 mRNA levels, suggesting that bone, rather than bone marrow, is an important contributor to severely elevated FGF23 levels in this model. Upon folic acid injection, a model of acute kidney injury, XLKO and WT mice exhibited similar degrees of tubulopathy; however, plasma phosphate and FGF23 elevations were modestly blunted in XLKO males, but not in females, compared to WT counterparts. Our findings suggest that XLαs ablation does not substantially alter FGF23 production in adult mice but increases susceptibility to adenine-induced kidney injury, causing severe FGF23 elevations in plasma and bone.
Child Maltreatment: Brief Communication
Authors: Macêdo Amanda Plácido da Silva , Maia Monnic Maria Lóssio Rocha , Pereira Izadora De Sousa , Figueiredo Thânia Maria Rodrigues , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite 
Published: November 2019

Child maltreatment has serious consequences, including increasing an individual's risk of physical and mental health problems across their life course. Objective: Here we show that there is an important public health message to focus, not only on approaches that prevent or detect childhood maltreatment, but also to explore methods of prevention and detection of mental ill health. Results: The study Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis (2019) showed that all different types of childhood maltreatment including sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.76–3.64], physical abuse (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09–3.04) and emotional abuse (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77) were associated with two- to three-fold increased risk for suicide attempts. Conclusion: It is important to highlight emotional violence may actually be more powerful than physical and sexual abuse in its impact on adolescent suicide behaviors in low- and middle-income countries. Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Mental Health; Prevention.