bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-Eddy Simulations of Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layers: Comparison of Different Subgrid Models
Authors: Gadde Srinidhi N. , Stieren Anja , Stevens Richard J. A. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development and assessment of subgrid-scale (SGS) models for large-eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer is an active research area. In this study, we compare the performance of the classical Smagorinsky model, the Lagrangian-averaged scale-dependent (LASD) model, and the anisotropic minimum dissipation (AMD) model. The LASD model has been widely used in the literature for 15 years, while the AMD model was recently developed. Both the AMD and the LASD models allow three-dimensional variation of SGS coefficients and are therefore suitable to model heterogeneous flows over complex terrain or around a wind farm. We perform a one-to-one comparison of these SGS models for neutral, stable, and unstable atmospheric boundary layers. We find that the LASD and the AMD models capture the logarithmic velocity profile and the turbulence energy spectra better than the Smagorinsky model. In stable and unstable boundary-layer simulations, the AMD and LASD model results agree equally well with results from a high-resolution reference simulation. The performance analysis of the models reveals that the computational overhead of the AMD model and the LASD model compared to the Smagorinsky model is approximately 10% and 30% respectively. The LASD model has a higher computational and memory overhead because of the global filtering operations and Lagrangian tracking procedure, which can result in bottlenecks when the model is used in extensive simulations. These bottlenecks are absent in the AMD model, which makes it an attractive SGS model for large-scale simulations of turbulent boundary layers.
Lorentz Violation in Torsional Antenna
Authors: Cardone Fabio , Albertini Gianni , Bassani Domenico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA torsional-antenna and a log-periodic antenna are used as a source and an analyzer, respectively, to investigate the possible anomalies of an electro-magnetic field. An unexpected isotropic signal has been detected using those torsion angles, which correspond to a breakdown of the Local Lorentz Invariance, which was found in the past. This coincidence is interpreted as the recovery of a lost symmetry by torqueing the antenna, thus putting in evidence that this Lorentz violation is of angular nature. Introducing a new physical dimension—not only a mathematical dimension as a way to rearrange some equations—is here proposed as a general rule to recover the lost symmetry.
Specific Heat of Holmium in Gold and Silver at Low Temperatures
Authors: Herbst Matthew , Reifenberger Andreas , Velte Clemens , Dorrer Holger , Düllmann Christoph E. , Enss Christian , Fleischmann Andreas , Gastaldo Loredana , Kempf Sebastian , Kieck Tom , Köster Ulli , Mantegazzini Federica , Wendt Klaus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe specific heat of dilute alloys of holmium in gold and in silver plays a major role in the optimization of low temperature microcalorimeters with enclosed$$^{163}{{\text {Ho}}}$$163Ho, such as the ones developed for the neutrino mass experiment ECHo. We investigate alloys with atomic concentrations of$$x_{{{\text {Ho}}}}=0.01{-}4\%$$xHo=0.01-4%at temperatures between 10 and$$800\,{{{\hbox {mK}}}}$$800mK. Due to the large total angular momentum$$J=8$$J=8and nuclear spin$$I=7/2$$I=7/2of$${{\text {Ho}}}^{3+}$$Ho3+ions, the specific heat ofAu:Ho andAg:Ho depends on the detailed interplay of various interactions, including contributions from the localized 4f electrons and nuclear contributions via hyperfine splitting. This makes it difficult to accurately determine the specific heat of these materials numerically. Instead, we measure their specific heat by using three experimental setups optimized for different concentration and temperature ranges. The results from measurements on six holmium alloys demonstrate that the specific heat of these materials is dominated by a large Schottky anomaly with its maximum at$$T\approx 250\,{{{\hbox {mK}}}}$$T≈250mK, which we attribute to hyperfine splitting and crystal field interactions. RKKY and dipole–dipole interactions between the holmium atoms cause additional, concentration-dependent effects. With regard to ECHo, we conclude that for typical operating temperatures of$$T\le 20\,{{{\hbox {mK}}}}$$T≤20mK, silver holmium alloys with$$x_{{{\text {Ho}}}}\gtrsim 1\%$$xHo≳1%are suited best.
On Boundary-Value Problems for RANS Equations and Two-Equation Turbulence Models
Authors: Langer Stefan , Swanson R. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCurrently, in engineering computations for high Reynolds number turbulent flows, turbulence modeling continues to be the most frequently used approach to represent the effects of turbulence. Such models generally rely on solving either one or two transport equations along with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. The solution of the boundary-value problem of any system of partial differential equations requires the complete delineation of the equations and the boundary conditions, including any special restrictions and conditions. In the literature, such a description is often incomplete, neglecting important details related to the boundary conditions and possible restrictive conditions, such as how to ensure satisfying prescribed values of the dependent variables of the transport equations in the far field of a finite domain. In this article, we discuss the possible influence of boundary values, as well as near-field and far-field behavior, on the solution of the RANS equations coupled with transport equations for turbulence modeling. In so doing, we defne the concept of a well-defined boundary-value problem. Additionally, a three-dimensional, rather than a simpler one-dimensional analysis is performed to analyze the near-wall and far-field behavior of the turbulence model variables. This allows an assessment of the decay rate of these variables required to realize the boundary conditions in the far field. This paper also addresses the impact of various transformations of two-equation models (e.g., the model of Wilcox) to remove the singular behavior of the dissipation rate ($$\omega $$
ω
) at the surface boundary. Finally, the issue of well-posedness regarding the governing equations is considered. A compelling argument (although not a proof) for ill-posedness is made for both direct and inverse problems.
Resilience beyond reductionism: ethical and social dimensions of an emerging concept in the neurosciences
Authors: Münch Nikolai , Mahdiani Hamideh , Lieb Klaus , Paul Norbert W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince a number of years, popular and scientific interest in resilience is rapidly increasing. More recently, also neuroscientific research in resilience and the associated neurobiological findings is gaining more attention. Some of these neuroscientific findings might open up new measures to foster personal resilience, ranging from magnetic stimulation to pharmaceutical interventions and awareness-based techniques. Therefore, bioethics should also take a closer look at resilience and resilience research, which are today philosophically under-theorized. In this paper, we analyze different conceptualizations of resilience and argue that especially one-sided understandings of resilience which dismiss social and cultural contexts of personal resilience do pose social and ethical problems. On a social level such unbalanced views on resilience could hide and thereby stabilize structural social injustices, and on an individual level it might even lead to an aggravation of stress-related mental health problems by overexerting the individual. Furthermore, some forms of fostering resilience could be a latent form of human enhancement and trigger similar criticisms.
On the Self-Adjointness of H+A∗+A
Authors: Posilicano Andrea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet $H:\text {dom}(H)\subseteq \mathfrak {F}\to \mathfrak {F}$
H
:
dom
(
H
)
⊆
F
→
F
be self-adjoint and let $A:\text {dom}(H)\to \mathfrak {F}$
A
:
dom
(
H
)
→
F
(playing the role of the annihilation operator) be H-bounded. Assuming some additional hypotheses on A (so that the creation operator A∗ is a singular perturbation of H), by a twofold application of a resolvent Kreı̆n-type formula, we build self-adjoint realizations $\widehat H$

H

̂

of the formal Hamiltonian H + A∗ + A with $\text {dom}(H)\cap \text {dom}(\widehat H)=\{0\}$
dom
(
H
)
∩
dom
(

H

̂

)
=
{
0
}
. We give an explicit characterization of $\text {dom}(\widehat H)$
dom
(

H

̂

)
and provide a formula for the resolvent difference $(-\widehat H+z)^{-1}-(-H+z)^{-1}$

(
−

H

̂

+
z
)

−
1

−

(
−
H
+
z
)

−
1

. Moreover, we consider the problem of the description of $\widehat H$

H

̂

as a (norm resolvent) limit of sequences of the kind $H+A^{*}_{n}+A_{n}+E_{n}$
H
+

A

n

∗

+

A

n

+

E

n

, where the An’s are regularized operators approximating A and the En’s are suitable renormalizing bounded operators. These results show the connection between the construction of singular perturbations of self-adjoint operators by Kreı̆n’s resolvent formula and nonperturbative theory of renormalizable models in Quantum Field Theory; in particular, as an explicit example, we consider the Nelson model.
The Income Gap in Voting: Moderating Effects of Income Inequality and Clientelism
Authors: Huijsmans Twan , Rijken Arieke J. , Gaidyte Teodora 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigated whether income gaps in voting turnout vary with country-level economic inequality, and whether this pattern differs between wealthier and less-wealthy countries. Moreover, we investigated whether the prevalence of clientelism was the underlying mechanism that accounts for the presumed negative interaction between relative income and economic inequality at lower levels of national wealth per capita. The harmonised PolPart dataset, combining cross-national surveys from 66 countries and 292 country-years, including 510,184 individuals, was analysed using multilevel logistic regression models. We found that the positive effect of relative income on voting was weaker at higher levels of economic inequality, independent of the level of national wealth. Although clientelism partially explains why economic inequality reduces the income gap in voter turnout, it does not do so in the way we expected. It seems to decrease turnout of higher income groups, rather than increase turnout of lower income groups. Importantly, that economic inequality reduces the income gap in voter turnout does not imply that economic inequality is positive for democratic representation, since economic inequality was found to depress the likelihood of voting for all income groups.
Direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer a meta-analysis
Authors: Mariani Marco Valerio , Magnocavallo Michele , Straito Martina , Piro Agostino , Severino Paolo , Iannucci Gino , Chimenti Cristina , Mancone Massimo , Rocca Domenico Giovanni Della , Forleo Giovanni Battista , Fedele Francesco , Lavalle Carlo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended as first-line anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, in patients with cancer and AF the efficacy and safety of DOACs are not well established.

Objective
We performed a meta-analysis comparing available data regarding the efficacy and safety of DOACs vs vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in cancer patients with non-valvular AF.

Methods
An online search of Pubmed and EMBASE libraries (from inception to May, 1 2020) was performed, in addition to manual screening. Nine studies were considered eligible for the meta-analysis involving 46,424 DOACs users and 182,797 VKA users.

Results
The use of DOACs was associated with reduced risks of systemic embolism or any stroke (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.52–0.81; p 0.001), ischemic stroke (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.74–0.95; p 0.007) and hemorrhagic stroke (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.52–0.71; p 0.00001) as compared to VKA group. DOAC use was associated with significantly reduced risks of major bleeding (RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.50–0.92; p 0.01) and intracranial or gastrointestinal bleeding (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.47–0.88; p 0.006). Compared to VKA, DOACs provided a non-statistically significant risk reduction of the outcomes major bleeding or non-major clinically relevant bleeding (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.78–1.13; p 0.50) and any bleeding (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.78–1.06; p 0.24).

Conclusions
In comparison to VKA, DOACs were associated with a significant reduction of the rates of thromboembolic events and major bleeding complications in patients with AF and cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
A hybrid deep learning-based fruit classification using attention model and convolution autoencoder
Authors: Xue Gang , Liu Shifeng , Ma Yicao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImage recognition supports several applications, for instance, facial recognition, image classification, and achieving accurate fruit and vegetable classification is very important in fresh supply chain, factories, supermarkets, and other fields. In this paper, we develop a hybrid deep learning-based fruit image classification framework, named attention-based densely connected convolutional networks with convolution autoencoder (CAE-ADN), which uses a convolution autoencoder to pre-train the images and uses an attention-based DenseNet to extract the features of image. In the first part of the framework, an unsupervised method with a set of images is applied to pre-train the greedy layer-wised CAE. We use CAE structure to initialize a set of weights and bias of ADN. In the second part of the framework, the supervised ADN with the ground truth is implemented. The final part of the framework makes a prediction of the category of fruits. We use two fruit datasets to test the effectiveness of the model, experimental results show the effectiveness of the framework, and the framework can improve the efficiency of fruit sorting, which can reduce costs of fresh supply chain, factories, supermarkets, etc.
Die expliziten Rollen- und Regieangaben der Rosenplütschen Fastnachtspiele
Authors: Nöcker Rebekka 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht die Rosenplütschen Fastnachtspiele in ihrer Funktionsweise als ein dramatisches Dispositiv anhand ihrer Nebentexte. In Abgrenzung zu den Spielen der Folz-Tradition verschafft er einen Überblick über die charakteristischen Typen der Regieangaben und ihre Performanzstrategien. Auf dieser Basis zeigt er charakteristische dispositive Wirkungsstrukturen auf, die durch poetische und dramatische Verfahren der Schriftnotation, der Episierung und der Semantisierung theatrale Wahrnehmung und Imagination steuern.
Are We climbing the same mountain?
Authors: Crisp Roger 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper begins by noting the widespread disagreement that has existed in philosophy from its very inception until now. It is claimed that Henry Sidgwick was right to see the main debate in ethics as between egoists, consequentialists, and deontologists. This raises the question whether the best approach might be to seek a position based on the different theories rather than one alone. Some clarification is then offered of the main questions asked in ethics, and it is claimed that the primary ethical question is that of Socrates: how should one live? Substantive agreement between our three normative theories is possible, but unlikely; and explanatory agreement is conceptually impossible. More restricted agreement may be possible, though doubts can be raised about Derek Parfit’s ‘triple theory’. One might attempt to combine different elements of the theories, syncretically, but again agreement is unlikely. The paper ends by considering the epistemic implications of disagreement, and with a recommendation of a more eirenic methodology for moral philosophy.
Relationship Between the Number of Patients Visiting Emergency Department and Tokyo Health System’s Capacity During Early Stages of the First Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Ishikawa Yohei , Hifumi Toru , Otani Norio , Miyamichi Ryosuke , Urashima Mitsuyoshi , Takeda Satoshi , Ishimatsu Shinichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients were reported in China on December 12, 2019, and the first COVID-19 patients were reported in Japan on January 16, 2020. Here, we investigated the number of patients in Emergency Departments (EDs) in three major hospitals in Tokyo, and also briefly discussed about the relationship between the number of patients in EDs and health system’s capacity. We compared the number of patients in 2020 to the average number of patients from 2016 to 2019. Numbers were compared in three periods: before the first COVID-19 patient was reported in Japan (January 1 to January 16), after the government encouraged social distancing (February 26 to March 10), and the interval between them (January 17 to February 25). The average number of daily patients in 2020 (n = 122) decreased by 17% compared to the average number of patients from 2016 to 2019 (n = 144) (Mann-Whitney test,p < 0.001). This phenomenon might be due to a fear of contracting the virus at hospitals, companies having their employees work remotely and postponing events, people following the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare’s instructional guidelines for going to the hospital, prevention awareness becoming widespread, and a decreased number of tourists. The number of patients visiting Emergency Departments in Tokyo was decreased and the number of COVID-19 infections has remained within the health system’s capacity during the early phase of COVID-19 first wave.
The formulation of the RANS equations for supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows
Authors: Zhang H. , Craft T.J. , Iacovides H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccurate prediction of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows is essential to the design of high-speed aerospace vehicles. Such flows are mainly predicted using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach in general, and in particular turbulence models using the effective viscosity approximation. Several terms involving the turbulent kinetic energy (k) appear explicitly in the RANS equations through the modelling of the Reynolds stresses in such approach, and similar terms appear in the mean total energy equation. Some of these terms are often ignored in low, or even supersonic, speed simulations with zero-equation models, as well as some one- or two-equation models. The omission of these terms may not be appropriate under hypersonic conditions. Nevertheless, this is a widespread practice, even for very high-speed turbulent flow simulations, because many software packages still make such approximations. To quantify the impact of ignoring these terms in the RANS equations, two linear two-equation models and one non-linear two-equation model are applied to the computation of five supersonic and hypersonic benchmark cases, one 2D zero-pressure gradient hypersonic flat plate case and four shock wave boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) cases. The surface friction coefficients and velocity profiles predicted with different combinations of the turbulent kinetic energy terms present in the transport equations show little sensitivity to the presence of these terms in the zero-pressure gradient case. In the SWBLI cases, however, comparisons show that inclusion ofkin the mean flow equations can have a strong effect on the prediction of flow separation. Therefore, it is highly recommended to include all the turbulent kinetic energy terms in the mean flow equations when dealing with simulations of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows, especially for flows with SWBLIs. As a further consequence, sincekmay not be obtained explicitly in zero-equation, or certain one-equation, models, it is debatable whether these models are suitable for simulations of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows with SWBLIs.
Histoire, archives et politique en Mitteleuropa (1800-1850)
Authors: Müller Philipp 
Published: October 2020

RésumésL’étude des documents et des dossiers des archives d’État à des fins historiques est une procédure familière et courante qui nous permet aujourd’hui de connaître le passé. Néanmoins, les archives de l’État n’ont pas toujours servi à la recherche historique. Le présent article examine tout d’abord la fonction des archives pour l’État et pour la société au xixe siècle en termes de politique gouvernementale. Puis il se demande comment, avant que les archives ne deviennent un instrument de gouvernement et de politique sociale, leurs fonds ont pu être rendus accessibles aux historiens durant la première moitié du xixe siècle. Si les réformes politiques du début du xixe siècle n’ont pas réussi à ancrer institutionnellement l’utilisation historique des archives, la tradition moderne de supplication de l’administration de l’État offrait un moyen conventionnel de concilier l’« exploitation scientifique », politiquement intéressante, du trésor des archives avec le souci du gouvernement de préserver l’intégrité de sa propre sphère obscure et l’impératif du secret. Au cours de diverses actions et communications, une « ouverture des archives » contrôlée administrativement a eu lieu. Surtout – c’est donc la thèse centrale de l’article –, en recourant aux anciennes archives, les historiens ont non seulement acquis des documents et des dossiers, mais aussi un concept juridique spécifique de la vérité fondamentalement attaché aux documents d’archives et qui, par le biais de la preuve juridique, a donné au récit historique un nouveau statut épistémique de la vérité.
Management of a Nursing Unit in a Temporary COVID-19 Specialized Hospital in Wuhan, China
Authors: Luo Chunmei 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article was to summarize the experience of conversion and management of a nursing unit in a newly revised coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) specialized hospital during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Six characteristics of management were included: nurse selection and training, transformation of ward layout, nurse position setting, quality control, humanistic care, and safety and comfort of individual protection. Orderly and efficient nursing management during COVID-19 treatment is very important to ensure the quality of clinical nursing, improve the cure rate and avoid the infection of nurses. This practical experience of the establishment and management of the nursing unit can provide reference for the nursing management of other public health events, such as the treatment of infectious diseases.