bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal expansion of silicate glass‐forming systems at high temperatures from topological pruning of ring structures
Authors: Yang Yongjian , Tokunaga Hirofumi , Ono Madoka , Hayashi Kazutaka , Mauro John C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe thermal expansion of a silicate glass system containing four types of modifiers at temperatures above the glass transition can be correlated with changes in medium range order (viz., the ring size distribution) without significant modifications in short range order such as Si coordination and Q‐speciation. An empirical linear relation between the network densities of the two groups of silicate glass‐forming systems and their characteristic ring size has been found using the topological pruning picture proposed by Stixrude and Bukowinski (Am Mineral, 1990, 75:1159‐69). Although variation in thermal expansion among different samples exists, for individual composition of the glass‐forming liquids, a strong linear correlation exists between the ring size distribution and the thermal expansion contributed by both configurational change and thermal vibration. The ring evolution of the glass‐forming liquid driven by temperature has been modeled by assuming an Arrhenius‐like activation picture for small member rings and treated as constant numbers for large rings. The compositional dependence of the ring structure can be reflected in the mixed‐alkali or alkaline‐earth effect on the small ring activation energy.
Biopsychosocial factors associated with depression and anxiety in older adults with intellectual disability: results of the wave 3 Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Bond L. , Carroll R. , Mulryan N. , O'Dwyer M. , O'Connell J. , Monaghan R. , Sheerin F. , McCallion P. , McCarron M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDepression and anxiety are amongst the most prevalent mental health disorders in the older population with intellectual disability (ID). There is a paucity of research that pertains to associative biopsychosocial factors for depression and anxiety in this population. The aim of this study is to determine the biopsychosocial factors associated with depression and anxiety in a population of older adults with ID in Ireland.MethodsThe study was part of ‘The Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing’. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Glasgow Depression Scale for people with a Learning Disability. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with a Learning Disability. The cross‐sectional associations of depression and anxiety with biopsychosocial parameters were measured using a variety of self‐report and proxy‐completed questionnaires.ResultsFor the study population, 9.97% met the criteria for depression, and 15.12% met the criteria for an anxiety disorder. Participants meeting criteria for depression were more likely to be taking regular mood stabiliser medications and to exhibit aggressive challenging behaviour. Participants meeting criteria for anxiety were more likely to have sleep difficulties and report loneliness. Participants meeting criteria for either/both depression and anxiety were more likely to report loneliness.ConclusionsThis study identified both treatable and modifiable, as well as unmodifiable, biopsychosocial factors associated with depression and/or anxiety in older adults with ID. A longitudinal study follow‐up will further develop our knowledge on the causality and direction of associated biopsychosocial factors with depression and anxiety in older adults with ID and better inform management strategies, prevention policies and funding of services.
Entecavir‐resistant hepatitis B virus decreases surface antigenicity: A full genome and functional characterization
Authors: Park Soree , Park Eun‐Sook , Koo Ja Eun , Park Yong Kwang , Lee Ah Ram , Dezhbord Mehrangiz , Cho Eun Sook , Ahn Sung Hyun , Kim Doo Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Lee Han Chu , Kim Kyun‐Hwan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSince polymerase and surface genes overlap in hepatitis B virus (HBV), an antiviral‐induced mutation in the polymerase gene may alter the surface antigenicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but this possibility has not been clearly confirmed. This study aimed to determine the drug susceptibility and surface antigenicity of the patient‐derived mutants.Patients and MethodsFull‐length HBV genomes isolated from four entecavir‐resistant CHB patients were cloned and sequenced. Around 10 clones of full‐length HBV obtained from each patient were analysed and registered in the NCBI GenBank. Representative clones were further characterized by in vitro drug susceptibility and surface antigenicity assays.ResultsThe rtL180M + rtM204V mutations were common among all the clones analysed. Additionally, the ETV resistance mutations rtT184A/L, rtS202G and rtM250V were found among three patients. Most of the ETV‐resistant mutants had amino acid alterations within the known epitopes recognized by T‐ and B‐cells in the HBV surface and core antigens. The in vitro drug susceptibility assay showed that all tested clones were resistant to ETV treatment. However, they were all susceptible to ADV and TDF. More importantly, the rtI169T mutation in the RT domain, led to the sF161L mutation in the overlapping S gene, which decreased in surface antigenicity.ConclusionsThe ETV resistance mutations can affect the antigenicity of the HBsAg proteins due to changes in the overlapping sequence of this surface antigen. Thus, the apparent decline or disappearance of HBsAg needs to be interpreted cautiously in patients with previous or current antiviral resistance mutations.
Automated crack evaluation of a high‐rise bridge pier using a ring‐type climbing robot
Authors: Jang Keunyoung , An Yun‐Kyu , Kim Byunghyun , Cho Soojin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a deep learning‐based automated crack evaluation technique for a high‐rise bridge pier using a ring‐type climbing robot. First, a ring‐type climbing robot system composed of multiple vision cameras, climbing robot, and control computer is developed. By spatially moving the climbing robot system along a target bridge pier with close‐up scanning condition, high‐quality raw vision images are continuously obtained. The raw vision images are then processed through feature control‐based image stitching, deep learning‐based semantic segmentation, and Euclidean distance transform–based crack quantification algorithms. Finally, a digital crack map on the region of interest (ROI) of the target bridge pier can be automatically established. The proposed technique is experimentally validated using in situ test data obtained from Jang–Duck bridge in South Korea. The test results reveal that the proposed technique successfully evaluates cracks on the entire ROI of the bridge pier with precision of 90.92% and recall of 97.47%.
Citizen science in ecology: a place for humans in nature
Authors: Adler Frederick R. , Green Austin M. , Şekercioğlu Çağan H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy involving the public, citizen science runs against the grain of an idealized science that leaves out the human element, and thus provides new opportunities for ecological research and society. We classify the goals of citizen science in ecology and environment into four broad categories: (1) scientific, (2) participant benefits, (3) community, and (4) policy. Although none of these goals have been well studied, we review the literature showing that these projects are most effective in tracking ecological trends over large swaths of space and time, and discuss the challenges of recruiting, training, retaining, and educating participants, maintaining and disseminating high‐quality data, and connecting with the larger community and policy. Biomedical studies, where patients participate in their own treatment in randomized trials, provide an interesting comparison with citizen science in ecology, sharing challenges in recruitment and involvement of nonscientists and ethical conduct of research. Future study will help address the ethical difficulties and enhance ways for citizen science in ecology and the environment to complement scientific discovery, involve and educate the public, and guide policy founded in science and the local community.
Microtubule organization defects in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ma D. , Han R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrotubules (MT) are critical cytoskeletal filaments that have several functions in cell morphogenesis, cell division, vesicle transport and cytoplasmic separation in the spatiotemporal regulation of eukaryotic cells. Formation of MT requires the co‐interaction of MT nucleation and α–β‐tubulins, as well as MT‐associated proteins (MAP). Many key MAP contributing to MT nucleation and elongation are essential for MT nucleation and regulation of MT dynamics, and are conserved in the plant kingdom. Therefore, the deletion or decrease of γ‐tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) components and related MAP, such as the augmin complex, NEDD1, MZT1, EB1, MAP65, etc., in Arabidopsis thaliana results in MT organizational defects in the spindle and phragmoplast MT, as well as in chromosome defects. In addition, similar defects in MT organization and chromosome structure have been observed in plants under abiotic stress conditions, such as under high UV‐B radiation. The MT can sense the signal from UV‐B radiation, resulting in abnormal MT arrangement. Further studies are required to determine whether the abnormal chromosomes induced by UV‐B radiation can be attributed to the involvement of abnormal MT arrays in chromosome migration after DNA damage.
Daptomycin perioperative prophylaxis for the prevention of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus infection in colonized liver transplant recipients
Authors: Sarwar Sajed , Koff Alan , Malinis Maricar , Azar Marwan M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundVancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE)‐colonized liver transplantation (LT) recipients have increased post‐LT morbidity, mortality, and higher rates of VRE infections compared with their non‐colonized counterparts. Pre‐LT screening for VRE colonization and inclusion of daptomycin in the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis regimen may mitigate this risk.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of liver transplant recipients aged ≥ 18 years between 2013 and August 2019 to identify pre‐LT VRE‐colonized recipients and whether they received daptomycin perioperative prophylaxis (DPP). Demographic and clinical characteristics, including risk factors for VRE infection, were collected. Outcomes measured were VRE‐related infection and all‐cause mortality within 90 days of LT.ResultsOf the 27 VRE‐colonized liver transplant recipients within the study period, 25 received DPP. All recipients were admitted to the intensive care unit postoperatively, six (24%) required reoperation, fifteen (60%) required renal replacement therapy, and eight (32%) experienced postoperative hemorrhage within 90 days post‐transplant. Two recipients (8%) experienced acute cellular rejection, but no primary graft failure was seen within 90 days. Among those who received DPP, no infections related to VRE or death was seen within 90 days of LT. The two VRE‐colonized recipients who did not receive DPP both developed VRE bacteremia in the early post‐LT period.ConclusionDespite having multiple risk factors for post‐LT VRE infection, VRE‐colonized recipients who received DPP did not develop VRE‐related infections in the first 90 days post‐LT. Our experience demonstrates that pre‐LT VRE screening and DPP may be associated with a reduction in VRE infection in the early post‐LT period, but this strategy warrants further evaluation in prospective studies.
The multivariate predictive model to estimate ionized calcium concentration from serum biochemical results in dogs: External validation
Authors: Robin Elisabeth , Cuq Benoît , Sharman Mellora J. , Le Boedec Kevin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPredicted ionized calcium (piCa) can be calculated from routine biochemistry variables using a recently developed predictive model in dogs. However, it has not been evaluated with variables measured from multiple laboratories.ObjectivesWe aimed to (a) externally validate piCa in dogs where biochemistry results were obtained from different analyzers, and (b) compare the diagnostic performances of piCa and total calcium (tCa).MethodsA cross‐sectional multicentric study on 138 dogs from three different hospitals was performed. The sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and diagnostic discordance of piCa and tCa were calculated using logistic regression for ionized hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. Diagnostic performance fluctuations across hospitals were also assessed.ResultsFor ionized hypercalcemia, the Sen (81.8%), Spe (96.1%), PPV (69.2%), NPV (97.7%), and diagnostic discordance (5.1%) of piCa were not significantly different among hospitals or from those of tCa. For ionized hypocalcemia, the Sen (range: 9.7%‐53.8%) and Spe (range: 95.6%‐99.6%) of piCa and tCa (Sen range: 16.2%‐87.8%; Spe range: 58.3%‐98.1%) varied across hospitals, although to a lesser extent for piCa. The diagnostic discordances of piCa (20.3%) and tCa (25.4%) were close. The prediction interval (PI) of piCa demonstrated high Sen to screen for ionized hypercalcemia (100%) and hypocalcemia (range: 75%‐93.3%), and high Spe to diagnose ionized hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia (100% for both).ConclusionsThese results support the external validation of piCa in dogs. Its PI represents a notable advantage over tCa to help clinicians explore calcium‐related disorders when ionized calcium cannot be readily measured.
Digital Twins: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions for Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Dynamics Applications
Authors: Wagg D. J. , Worden K. , Barthorpe R. J. , Gardner P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a review of the state of the art for digital twins in the application domain of engineering dynamics. The focus on applications in dynamics is because: (i) they offer some of the most challenging aspects of creating an effective digital twin, and (ii) they are relevant to important industrial applications such as energy generation and transport systems. The history of the digital twin is discussed first, along with a review of the associated literature; the process of synthesizing a digital twin is then considered, including definition of the aims and objectives of the digital twin. An example of the asset management phase for a wind turbine is included in order to demonstrate how the synthesis process might be applied in practice. In order to illustrate modeling issues arising in the construction of a digital twin, a detailed case study is presented, based on a physical twin, which is a small-scale three-story structure. This case study shows the progression toward a digital twin highlighting key processes including system identification, data-augmented modeling, and verification and validation. Finally, a discussion of some open research problems and technological challenges is given, including workflow, joints, uncertainty management, and the quantification of trust. In a companion paper, as part of this special issue, a mathematical framework for digital twin applications is developed, and together the authors believe this represents a firm framework for developing digital twin applications in the area of engineering dynamics.
Developing “Design by Analysis” Methodology for Windows for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy
Authors: Kemper Bart , Cross Linda 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The ASME pressure vessels for human occupancy (PVHO) codes and standards are engineering standards developed to provide a reliable design method for pressure vessel windows. This empirical method is based primarily on years of government-sponsored testing and development and does not directly use engineering theory. This empirical algorithm makes it challenging to revise without additional large-scale physical testing. The industries using the PVHO code need a way to incorporate advances in material science, manufacturing technology, and overall engineering advances without spending years in code case review. Verification and validation techniques, coupled with stochastic finite element analysis (FEA) to address operational variables, can be the basis for a “design by analysis” method to complement the existing testing requirements to produce a full engineering package consistent with other pressure vessel and pressure vessel component design. A design method sufficiently reliable for PVHO could be used in other applications.
Manual acupuncture versus sham acupuncture and usual care for prophylaxis of episodic migraine without aura: multicentre, randomised clinical trial
Authors: Xu Shabei , Yu Lingling , Luo Xiang , Wang Minghuan , Chen Guohua , Zhang Qing , Liu Wenhua , Zhou Zhongyu , Song Jinhui , Jing Huitao , Huang Guangying , Liang Fengxia , Wang Hua , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess the efficacy of manual acupuncture as prophylactic treatment for acupuncture naive patients with episodic migraine without aura.

Design
Multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial with blinded participants, outcome assessment, and statistician.

Setting
Seven hospitals in China, 5 June 2016 to 15 November 2018.

Participants
150 acupuncture naive patients with episodic migraine without aura.

Interventions
20 sessions of manual acupuncture at true acupuncture points plus usual care, 20 sessions of non-penetrating sham acupuncture at heterosegmental non-acupuncture points plus usual care, or usual care alone over 8 weeks.

Main outcome measures
Change in migraine days and migraine attacks per four weeks during weeks 1-20 after randomisation compared with baseline (four weeks before randomisation).

Results

Among 150 randomised patients (mean age 36.5 (SD 11.4) years; 123 (82%) women), 147 were included in the full analysis set. Compared with sham acupuncture, manual acupuncture resulted in a significantly greater reduction in migraine days at weeks 13 to 20 and a significantly greater reduction in migraine attacks at weeks 17 to 20. The reduction in mean number of migraine days was 3.5 (SD 2.5) for manual versus 2.4 (3.4) for sham (adjusted difference −1.4, 95% confidence interval −2.4 to −0.3; P=0.005) at weeks 13 to 16 and 3.9 (3.0) for manual versus 2.2 (3.2) for sham (adjusted difference −2.1, −2.9 to −1.2; P<0.001) at weeks 17 to 20. At weeks 17 to 20, the reduction in mean number of attacks was 2.3 (1.7) for manual versus 1.6 (2.5) for sham (adjusted difference −1.0, −1.5 to −0.5; P<0.001). No severe adverse events were reported. No significant difference was seen in the proportion of patients perceiving needle penetration between manual acupuncture and sham acupuncture (79%
v
75%; P=0.891).

Conclusions
Twenty sessions of manual acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture and usual care for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine without aura. These results support the use of manual acupuncture in patients who are reluctant to use prophylactic drugs or when prophylactic drugs are ineffective, and it should be considered in future guidelines.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov
NCT02765581
.
Sources of occupational stress among the military musicians of the Royal Air Force
Authors: Davison Dermott 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionOccupational stress has been studied in the military and among professional musicians but not yet among military musicians. We may speculate that military musicians are subject to military occupational stresses as well as those of the professional musician, but we do not know what the stresses of the role actually are. This study is the first to identify sources of occupational stress and measure the prevalence of music performance anxiety (MPA) among a group of military musicians.MethodsVolunteer musicians were recruited from the UK Royal Air Force (RAF) Music Services and invited to take part in an anonymous online survey that captured demographic information, incorporated the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI) and asked an open, free-text question: ‘Thinking about your occupation as an RAF Musician, what causes you to feel stressed?’. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS. Qualitative data were coded, collated and analysed for themes.Results57 musicians (38% of those eligible) completed the survey. A prevalence of 46% for significant MPA was found. Females scored significantly higher than males. Other stressors were time constraints, the negative judgement of others, musical and military challenges, tensions between musical and military values, issues relating to promotion and existential concerns.ConclusionsMilitary musicians share MPA, career development stressors and conflicts between career and social life as sources of occupational stress with their civilian colleagues. Military stressors include being posted/deployed or compulsory fitness testing. The hierarchical structure of the military brings additional stress when rank and promotion may not be talent based.
International mixed methods study protocol to develop a patient-reported outcome measure for all types of chronic wounds (the WOUND-Q)
Authors: Klassen Anne , van Haren Emiel LWG , Cross Karen , Fan Kenneth L , Gibbons Chris , Hoogbergen Maarten M , Longmire Natasha M , Poulsen Lotte , Sorensen Jens Ahm , Squitieri Lee , Tsangaris Elena , van Alphen Tert C , van Dishoeck Anne-Margreet , Vasilic Dali , Pusic Andrea L 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionMost patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) for chronic wounds are specific to a single wound type (eg, pressure ulcer) or part of the body. A barrier to outcome assessment in wound care and research is the lack of a rigorously designed PROM that can be used across wound types and locations. This mixed method study describes the protocol for an international collaboration to develop and validate a new PROM called the WOUND-Q for adults with chronic wounds.Methods and analysisIn phase I, the qualitative approach of interpretive description is used to elicit concepts important to people with wounds regarding outcome. Participants from Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the USA are aged 18 years and older and have a wound that has lasted 3 months or longer. Interviews are digitally recorded, transcribed and coded. A conceptual framework and preliminary item pool are developed from the qualitative dataset. Draft scales are formed to cover important themes in the conceptual framework. These scales are refined using feedback from people with chronic wounds and wound care experts. After refinement, the scales are translated into Danish and Dutch, following rigorous methods, to prepare for an international field-test study. In phase II, data are collected in Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the USA. An international sample of people with a large variety of chronic wounds complete the WOUND-Q. Rasch Measurement Theory analysis is used to identify the best subset of items to retain for each scale and to examine reliability and validity.Ethics and disseminationThis study is coordinated at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, USA). Ethics board approval was received at each participating site for both study phases. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences and meetings.
Functional renormalization group flow of massive gravity
Authors: Binder Maximiliano , Schmidt Iván 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe apply the functional renormalization group equation to a massive Fierz–Pauli action in curved space and find that, even though a massive term is a modification in the infrared sector, the mass term modifies the value of the non-gaussian fixed point in the UV sector. We obtained the beta function for the scale dependent mass parameter and found that the massive Fierz–Pauli case still seems to be an asymptotically safe theory.