bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing ethanol yields in corn dry grind process by reducing glycerol production
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Jansen Mickel , Basu Rahul , Singh Vijay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesReducing glycerol production, a major by‐product produced during fermentation by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can improve the ethanol productivity in corn dry grind process. This study investigates the potential of glycerol reduction using an advanced engineered yeast strain and determines the effect of enzyme dosage, pH, and temperature on the granular starch hydrolysis (GSH) process efficiency using both conventional yeast and advanced yeast.FindingsEthanol yields in GSH process were found maximum at enzyme dosage 4.8 kg/MT grains and remained unchanged with further increase in dosage. The glycerol production was reduced by more than 50% with use of advanced enzymes compared to the conventional yeast and resulted in 2.2–3.8% higher final ethanol concentrations. Performances of both yeast were reduced and lead to stuck fermentation at 36°C temperature.ConclusionsUse of advanced yeast strains can improve the ethanol yields by reducing glycerol production in GSH process; however, the ethanol yields are highly dependent on the process conditions, especially enzyme loadings and temperature.Significance and noveltyGSH process is expected to produce lower glycerol compared to conventional dry grind process. This research demonstrated that advanced engineered yeasts can reduce the glycerol production in GSH process also, improving the process yields and profitability.
Helicity Control in the Aggregation of Achiral Squaraine Dyes in Solution and Thin Films
Authors: Rösch Andreas T. , Zhu Qirong , Robben Jorn , Tassinari Francesco , Meskers Stefan C. J. , Naaman Ron , Palmans Anja R. A. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSquaraine dyes are well known for their strong absorption in the visible regime. Reports on chiral squaraine dyes are, however, scarce. To address this gap, we here report two novel chiral squaraine dyes and their achiral counterparts. The presented dyes are aggregated in solution and in thin films. A detailed chiroptical study shows that thin films formed by co‐assembling the chiral dye with its achiral counterpart exhibit exceptional photophysical properties. The circular dichroism (CD) of the co‐assembled structures reaches a maximum when just 25 % of the chiral dye are present in the mixture. The solid structures with the highest relative CD effect are achieved when the chiral dye is used solely as a director, rather than the structural component. The chiroptical data are further supported by selected spin‐filtering measurements using mc‐AFM. These findings provide a promising platform for investigating the relationship between the dissymmetry of a supramolecular structure and emerging material properties rather than a comparison between a chiral molecular structure and an achiral counterpart.
A Click Chemistry Approach to Developing Molecularly Targeted DNA Scissors
Authors: Lauria Teresa , Slator Creina , McKee Vickie , Müller Markus , Stazzoni Samuele , Crisp Antony L. , Carell Thomas , Kellett Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNucleic acid click chemistry was used to prepare a family of chemically modified triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) for application as a new gene‐targeted technology. Azide‐bearing phenanthrene ligands—designed to promote triplex stability and copper binding—were ‘clicked’ to alkyne‐modified parallel TFOs. Using this approach, a library of TFO hybrids was prepared and shown to effectively target purine‐rich genetic elements in vitro. Several of the hybrids provide significant stabilisation toward melting in parallel triplexes (>20 °C) and DNA damage can be triggered upon copper binding in the presence of added reductant. Therefore, the TFO and ‘clicked’ ligands work synergistically to provide sequence‐selectivity to the copper cutting unit which, in turn, confers high stabilisation to the DNA triplex. To extend the boundaries of this hybrid system further, a click chemistry‐based di‐copper binding ligand was developed to accommodate designer ancillary ligands such as DPQ and DPPZ. When this ligand was inserted into a TFO, a dramatic improvement in targeted oxidative cleavage is afforded.
Ladderane Natural Products: From the Ground Up
Authors: Hancock Erin N. , Brown M. Kevin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ladderane family of natural products are well known for their linearly concatenated cyclobutane skeletal structure. Owing to their unique carbocyclic framework, several chemical syntheses have been reported since their discovery in 2002. The focus of this review is to showcase the novel tactics that have been used to generate the ladderane core and the challenges that are associated with the synthesis of these unusual and complex natural products.
Association between race and treatment patterns and survival outcomes in multiple myeloma: A Connect MM Registry analysis
Authors: Ailawadhi Sikander , Jagannath Sundar , Lee Hans C. , Narang Mohit , Rifkin Robert M. , Terebelo Howard R. , Durie Brian G. M. , Toomey Kathleen , Hardin James W. , Gasparetto Cristina J. , Wagner Lynne , Omel James L. , He Mia , Yue Lihua , Flick Elizabeth Dawn , Agarwal Amit , Abonour Rafat ,   Connect MM Registry Investigators
Published: July 2020

BackgroundStudies have reported racial disparities in access to and use of multiple myeloma (MM) treatments between African American (AA) and White patients. Although AA patients demonstrate longer disease‐specific survival, this has not uniformly translated into improved survival over time. The association between race and treatment patterns and survival outcomes was analyzed using data from the Connect MM Registry.MethodsThe Connect MM Registry is a large US, multicenter, prospective observational cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients who received first‐line (1L) stem cell transplantation (SCT) or who did not receive SCT (non‐SCT or non–stem cell transplantation [NSCT]) were grouped by raceEffects of race and transplantation status on the use of triplet treatment were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsTreatment patterns in 1L (types and duration of induction, posttransplantation maintenance) were similar between AA and White patients. SCT rates in 1L (32% vs 36%) and triplet treatment use (AA: 44% for NSCT patients and 72% for SCT patients; and White: 48% for NSCT patients and 72% for SCT patients) during first induction were similar. No significant effect of race or transplantation status on 1L triplet treatment use was observed. Race was not found to be associated with survival outcomes among patients who underwent NSCT; however, AA patients who received SCT had significantly longer overall survival compared with White patients who underwent SCT (not reached vs 88.2 months; hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35‐0.89 [P = .0141]).ConclusionsAA and White patients were found to have similar treatment patterns in the Connect MM Registry, suggesting that both groups had equal access to health care. In this real‐world setting, AA patients received standard‐of‐care treatment, which might have contributed to better MM‐specific survival compared with White patients.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on perioperative morbidity after major surgery for head and neck cancer
Authors: Kiong Kimberley L. , Lin Fang‐Yu , Yao Christopher M. K. L. , Guo Theresa , Ferrarotto Renata , Weber Randal S. , Lewis Carol M. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been used in patients with advanced head and neck cancers (HNCs) with the intent of downstaging tumors and suppressing distant metastases. However, to the authors' knowledge, the perioperative impact of NAC has not been systematically explored in patients with HNC. The objective of the current study was to compare perioperative outcomes with surgery upfront compared with patients treated with NAC.MethodsBetween March 1, 2016, and March 31, 2019, patients undergoing surgery for HNC with flap reconstruction at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston were included. Data were extracted from the prospectively maintained National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Postoperative complications, return to operating room, and readmission rates were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses of length of stay and overall and wound complications were performed.ResultsA total of 834 patients were analyzed, 687 of whom (82.4%) underwent surgery upfront and 147 of whom (17.6%) received NAC. A total of 631 cases (75.7%) involved the upper aerodigestive tract whereas 203 cases (24.3%) were cutaneous. A total of 317 patients (38.0%) had recurrent disease. The NAC group was younger (P < .001) and had less hypertension (P = .011), but had more advanced clinical stage tumors (P < .001) and surgeries with multiple flap reconstruction (P = .007). Patient groups did not differ with regard to wound complications (P = .47), return to operating room (P = .31), or readmission rates (P = .49). The NAC group received more blood transfusions (P < .001) but was found to have a lower risk of overall complications on multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30‐0.83). The overall complication rate was unchanged with surgery performed ≤21 days after the last chemotherapy cycle.ConclusionsPatients undergoing NAC appear to have a higher disease burden but tend to be younger and healthier. Within the context of this inherent selection bias, NAC does not appear to increase perioperative morbidity among patients undergoing surgery for HNC.
Regulating Capacitive Performance of Monolithic Carbon Sponges by Balancing Heteroatom Content, Surface Area and Graphitization Degree
Authors: Jing Xiangxia , Zhou Lan , Kang Wenjun , Wang Lei , Wei Denghu , Qu Konggang , Li Rui , Chen Baoli , Guo Zengjing , Li Haibo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMonolithic electrodes show a great advantage in energy storage devices. Nitrogen/oxygen co‐doped carbons sponges (NOCSs) prepared from carbonized melamine foams are directly applied as the supercapacitor electrodes without any additives and binders. The influence of carbonization temperatures from 650 to 950 °C on the heteroatom (N and O) content, surface area, graphitization degree, and capacitor performance of carbon sponges are systematically investigated, and it is found that NOCS‐850 delivers a better overall capacitive properties for its balanced heteroatom content, surface area, and graphitization degree. It possess specific capacitances of 338 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1.0 mV s−1 and 168.3 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 in 1.0 M H2SO4. After 5000 cycles of repeated charging/discharging process, the capacitance retention remains 107%. When being assembled into an all‐solid‐state supercapacitor, the NOCS‐850 has a energy density of 5.38 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 233 W kg−1. A red light‐emitting diode can be successfully lighted by three connected all‐solid‐state supercapacitors of NOCS‐850, illustrating its potential application in energy storage field.
Mechanical C−C Bond Formation by Laser Driven Shock Wave
Authors: Ishikawa Wakako , Sato Shunichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMechanically induced C−C bond formation was demonstrated by the laser driven shock wave generated in liquid normal alkanes at room temperature. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis revealed the dehydrogenation condensation between two alkane molecules, for seven normal alkanes from pentane to undecane. Major products were identified to be linear and branched alkane molecules with double the number of carbons, and exactly coincided with the molecules predicted by supposing that a C−C bond was formed between two starting molecules. The production of the alkane molecules showed that the C−C bond formation occurred almost evenly at all the carbon positions. The dependence of the production on the laser pulse energy clearly indicated that the process was attributed to the shock wave. The C−C bond formation observed was not a conventional passive chemical reaction but an unprecedented active reaction.
Activating both Halogen and Chalcogen Bonding Interactions in Cation Radical Salts of Iodinated Tetrathiafulavalene Derivatives
Authors: Beau Maxime , Jeannin Olivier , Lee Sunhee , Barrière Frédéric , Fourmigué Marc , Jeon Ie‐Rang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHalogen bonding (XB) interactions are investigated in cation radical salts of bis(methylthio)‐5,5’‐diiodotetrathiafulvalene (1). Electrocrystallization of 1 in the presence of Bu4NCl affords a 1 : 1 salt formulated as (E‐1)Cl. Particularly strong I⋅⋅⋅Cl− XB interactions are observed around the Cl− anion with the distances at 78 % the sum of the van der Waals radii, a consequence of the XB charge activation in the cation radical. Moreover, the Cl− environment is complemented by two extra S⋅⋅⋅Cl− chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions, an original feature among reported halide salts of TTF derivatives. Electrostatic potential calculations on the cation radical further demonstrate the efficient activation of the S atoms of the 1,3‐dithiole rings (Vs,max=87.2 kcal/mol), as strong as with the iodine atoms (Vs,max=87.9 kcal/mol). The radical cations form weakly dimerized stacks, as confirmed by the variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility and the weak conductivity (4.8×10−5 S cm−1).
Maximizing performance throughCSR: The mediator role of theCSRprinciples in the shipbuilding industry
Authors: Para‐González Lorena , Mascaraque‐Ramírez Carlos , Cubillas‐Para Clara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis research studies the relationship between the compliance with the five principles of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the performance of the shipbuilding industry. Recent studies have shown signs of a positive relationship between these concepts, although these studies are limited to certain specific fields, existing a need for detailed research in other sectors, such as shipbuilding. A longitudinal analysis of the shipbuilding sector performance is presented, considering the trends of the last five years in the five continents, considering the most relevant shipyards. Two types of results are evaluated, current contracts and new contracts, which provides respectively a perspective of the current and future strategy of the organizations. This research identifies a clear positive trend between organizations' efforts (in terms of CSR principles) and improvement in their results. This recognizes CSR as a tool that not only improves the company's image in society, but also enhances performance.
Polymer “Tape”‐Assisted Ball‐Milling Method Fabrication Few‐Atomic‐Layered Bismuth for Improving K+/Na+ Storage
Authors: Tian Yu , Li Hang , Zhang Shuyan , Zhang Haode , Li Guangze , Liu Dongqing , Qi Yanyuan , Jian Zelang , Cai Xingke , Li Fujun , Chen Wen 
Published: July 2020

Few‐layered 2D analogs exhibit new physical/chemical properties, leading to a strong research interest and broad areas of application. Recently, lots of methods (such as ultrasonic and electrochemical methods) have already used to prepared 2D materials. However, these methods suffer from the drawbacks of low yield, high cost, or precarious state, which limit the large‐scale applications. Inspired by the famous Scotch tape method, we develop a ball‐milling with polymer “tape” method, fabricating few‐atomic‐layered material, showing the high‐yield, low‐cost, and much stability. As electrode material, ultrathin 2D materials can shorten the ion transfer pathway, contributing to the development of high‐power batteries. Meanwhile, few‐atomic‐layered structure can expose more active sites to increase their capacity, showing special energy storage mechanism. We use the as‐prepared few‐atomic‐layered Bi (FALB) and reduced oxide graphene composites as the anode for potassium/sodium‐ion batteries (KIBs/NIBs). The sample achieves a high reversible capacity of 395 mAh g−1 for KIBs, of which FALB contributes 438 mAh g−1 (higher than the theoretical capacity of Bi, 386 mAh g−1), and it carries outstanding cycle and rate performance in KIBs/NIBs.
The dangerous and contradictory prognostic significance of PVR<3WU when TAPSE<16mm in postcapillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Raitière Olivier , Berthelot Emmanuelle , Fauvel Charles , Guignant Pierre , Si Belkacem Nassima , Sitbon Olivier , Bauer Fabrice 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsIn 2019, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) < 3WU was adopted to stratify patients at low risk in pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH‐LHD) as well those with isolated PH‐LHD. We sought to evaluate whether supervised machine learning with decision tree analysis, which provides more information than Cox Proportional analysis by forming a hierarchy of multiple covariates, confirms this risk stratification.Methods and resultsTwo hundred two consecutive patients (mean age: 69 ± 11 years, female: 42%) with mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 20 mmHg and wedge pressure > 15 mmHg were recruited. Transpulmonary pressure gradient ⩾̸ 12 mmHg, PVR ⩾̸ 3WU, diastolic pressure gradient ⩾̸ 7 mmHg, pulmonary arterial capacitance < 1.1 mL/mmHg, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) < 16 mm, peak systolic tissue Doppler velocity < 10 cm/s, right ventricular end‐diastolic area ⩾̸ 25 cm2 were the seven categorical values entered into the model due to their prognostic significance in PH. We used the chi‐squared automatic interaction detection method to predict mortality. Each node and branch were compared using survival analysis at 6‐year follow‐up. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, wedge pressure, cardiac index, and PVR were 40.3 ± 10.0 mmHg, 22.3 ± 7.1 mmHg, 2.9 ± 0.8 L/min/m2, and 3.6 ± 2.1WU, respectively. Among the seven dichotomous, TAPSE was first selected following by PVR. Compared with patients with PVR < 3WU and TAPSE ⩾̸ 16 mm, patients with PVR ⩾̸ 3WU and TAPSE ⩾̸ 16 mm, or patients with PVR ⩾̸ 3WU and TAPSE<16 mm had significantly increased mortality, HR = 3.0, 95% CI = [1.4–6.4], P = 0.006 and HR = 3.3, 95% CI = [1.6–6.9], P = 0.002, respectively, while patients with PVR < 3WU and TAPSE < 16 mm exhibited the worst prognosis, HR = 7.2, 95% CI = [3.3–15.9], P = 0.0001.ConclusionsUsed for solving regression and classification problems, decision tree analysis confirms that PVR and TAPSE have to be analysed together in PH‐LHD and revealed the dangerous and contradictory prognostic significance of PVR < 3WU when TAPSE<16 mm.
Sex differences in patients with acute decompensated heart failure in Japan: observation from the KCHF registry
Authors: Yamamoto Erika , Kato Takao , Yaku Hidenori , Morimoto Takeshi , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Ozasa Neiko , Kitai Takeshi , Taniguchi Ryoji , Iguchi Moritake , Kato Masashi , Takahashi Mamoru , Jinnai Toshikazu , Ikeda Tomoyuki , Himura Yoshihiro , Nagao Kazuya , Kawai Takafumi , Komasa Akihiro , Nishikawa Ryusuke , Kawase Yuichi , Morinaga Takashi , Kawato Mitsunori , Seko Yuta , Toyofuku Mamoru , Furukawa Yutaka , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Shizuta Satoshi , Ono Koh , Sato Yukihito , Kuwahara Koichiro , Kimura Takeshi ,   KCHF Study Investigators
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe association between sex and long‐term outcome in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) has not been fully studied yet in Japanese population. The aim of this study was to determine differences in baseline characteristics and management of patients with ADHF between women and men and to compare 1‐year outcomes between the sexes in a large‐scale database representing the current real‐world clinical practice in Japan.Methods and resultsKyoto Congestive Heart Failure registry is a prospective cohort study enrolling consecutive patients hospitalized for ADHF in Japan among 19 centres. Baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, management, and 1‐year outcomes were compared between men and women. A total of 3728 patients who were alive at discharge constituted the current study population. There were 1671 women (44.8%) and 2057 men. Women were older than men [median (IQR): 83 (76–88) years vs. 77 (68–84) years, P < 0.0001]. Hypertensive and valvular heart diseases were more prevalent in women than in men (28.0% vs. 22.5%, P = 0.0001; and 26.9% vs. 14.0%, P < 0.0001, respectively), whereas ischaemic aetiology was less prevalent in women than in men (20.0% vs. 32.5%, P < 0.0001). Women less often had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<40%) than men (27.5% vs. 45.1%, P < 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of all‐cause death or hospitalization for heart failure was not significantly different between women and men (33.6% vs. 34.3%, P = 0.71), although women were substantially older than men. After multivariable adjustment, the risk of all‐cause death or hospitalization for heart failure was significantly lower among women (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.84, 95% confidence interval: 0.74–0.96, P = 0.01).ConclusionsWomen with heart failure were older and more often presented with preserved EF with a non‐ischaemic aetiology and were associated with a reduced adjusted risk of 1‐year mortality compared with men in the Japanese population.
Expansion of plasmablasts and loss of memory B cells in peripheral blood from COVID‐19 patients with pneumonia
Authors: De Biasi Sara , Lo Tartaro Domenico , Meschiari Marianna , Gibellini Lara , Bellinazzi Caterina , Borella Rebecca , Fidanza Lucia , Mattioli Marco , Paolini Annamaria , Gozzi Licia , Jaacoub Dina , Faltoni Matteo , Volpi Sara , Milić Jovana , Sita Marco , Sarti Mario , Pucillo Carlo , Girardis Massimo , Guaraldi Giovanni , Mussini Cristina , Cossarizza Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStudies on the interactions between SARS‐CoV‐2 and humoral immunity are fundamental to elaborate effective therapies including vaccines. We used polychromatic flow cytometry, coupled with unsupervised data analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), to interrogate B cells in untreated patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia. COVID‐19 patients displayed normal plasma levels of the main immunoglobulin classes, of antibodies against common antigens or against antigens present in common vaccines. However, we found a decreased number of total and naïve B cells, along with decreased percentages and numbers of memory switched and unswitched B cells. On the contrary, IgM+ and IgM− plasmablasts were significantly increased. In vitro cell activation revealed that B lymphocytes showed a normal proliferation index and number of dividing cells per cycle. PCA indicated that B‐cell number, naive and memory B cells but not plasmablasts clustered with patients who were discharged, while plasma IgM level, C‐reactive protein, D‐dimer, and SOFA score with those who died. In patients with pneumonia, the derangement of the B‐cell compartment could be one of the causes of the immunological failure to control SARS‐Cov2, have a relevant influence on several pathways, organs and systems, and must be considered to develop vaccine strategies.