bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projecting the continental accumulation of alien species through to 2050
Authors: Seebens Hanno , Bacher Sven , Blackburn Tim M. , Capinha César , Dawson Wayne , Dullinger Stefan , Genovesi Piero , Hulme Philip E. , van Kleunen Mark , Kühn Ingolf , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Lenzner Bernd , Liebhold Andrew M. , Pattison Zarah , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Winter Marten , Essl Franz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiological invasions have steadily increased over recent centuries. However, we still lack a clear expectation about future trends in alien species numbers. In particular, we do not know whether alien species will continue to accumulate in regional floras and faunas, or whether the pace of accumulation will decrease due to the depletion of native source pools. Here, we apply a new model to simulate future numbers of alien species based on estimated sizes of source pools and dynamics of historical invasions, assuming a continuation of processes in the future as observed in the past (a business‐as‐usual scenario). We first validated performance of different model versions by conducting a back‐casting approach, therefore fitting the model to alien species numbers until 1950 and validating predictions on trends from 1950 to 2005. In a second step, we selected the best performing model that provided the most robust predictions to project trajectories of alien species numbers until 2050. Altogether, this resulted in 3,790 stochastic simulation runs for 38 taxon–continent combinations. We provide the first quantitative projections of future trajectories of alien species numbers for seven major taxonomic groups in eight continents, accounting for variation in sampling intensity and uncertainty in projections. Overall, established alien species numbers per continent were predicted to increase from 2005 to 2050 by 36%. Particularly, strong increases were projected for Europe in absolute (+2,543 ± 237 alien species) and relative terms, followed by Temperate Asia (+1,597 ± 197), Northern America (1,484 ± 74) and Southern America (1,391 ± 258). Among individual taxonomic groups, especially strong increases were projected for invertebrates globally. Declining (but still positive) rates were projected only for Australasia. Our projections provide a first baseline for the assessment of future developments of biological invasions, which will help to inform policies to contain the spread of alien species.
Antimicrobial activity of effervescent denture tablets on multispecies biofilms
Authors: Coimbra Flávia C. T. , Rocha Millena M. , Oliveira Viviane C. , Macedo Ana Paula , Pagnano Valéria O. , Silva‐Lovato Cláudia H. , Paranhos Helena de F. O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of peroxide‐based solutions in reducing viability and metabolic activity of multispecies biofilms on denture base acrylic resin surfaces and for removing them from these surfaces.BackgroundDenture cleansers are effective in reducing monospecies biofilm; however, studies evaluating their action on multispecies biofilms are scarce.Materials and methodsSixty‐nine denture base acrylic resin specimens (Ø 15 × 3 mm) were sterilised then contaminated with Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form multispecies biofilms. Biofilms were grown for 24 hours; subsequently, specimens were immersed in three different cleansing solutions (n = 9): nitradine (NI), fixodent (FX) and phosphate‐buffered saline (Control), according to the respective manufacturer's instructions. After applying the hygiene protocols, viability of microorganisms was evaluated by counting colony‐forming units and assessing metabolic activity. Moreover, biofilm removal capacity was estimated based on extension of cell‐covered areas visualised in fluorescent microscopy micrographics.ResultsMicrobial counts were solution‐dependent; NI was effective against all microorganisms (P < .05). FX exhibited moderate antimicrobial action, reducing P aeruginosa (P < .05) and S aureus (P < .05) viability by approximately 2 logs. Both peroxide‐based solutions reduced metabolic activity (P < .001) and biofilm‐covered areas on specimen surfaces (P < .001).ConclusionUnder the experimental conditions tested, these results demonstrated that peroxide‐based solutions had favourable antimicrobial activity but promoted no broad elimination of aggregated multispecies biofilm. NI might be more suitable as complementary chemical agent for controlling multispecies denture biofilm.
The relation between Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G seropositivity and leukocyte telomere length in US adults from NHANES 1999‐2000
Authors: Huang Jin‐Wen , Xie Chuanbo , Niu Zhongzheng , He Long‐Jun , Li Jian‐Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H pylori) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity is prevalent but its relation with leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a cellular aging biomarker, is unclear.MethodsAmong 3,472 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle 1999‐2000, LTL was measured with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. H pylori IgG was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and defined as seropositivity with an immune status ratio score > 0.9. We used linear regression models to examine the relation of H pylori IgG seropositivity with continuous LTL and logistic regression for the relation with short LTL (<10th percentile of the population distribution) adjusting for potential confounders. We stratified the analyses by a priori selected variables.ResultsPopulation prevalence of H pylori IgG seropositivity was 31.5% in the overall population with higher prevalence found in those with older age, other races than non‐Hispanic whites, lower education, and being born out of the United States. Continuous LTL was non‐significantly shorter in those with H Pylori IgG seropositivity versus seronegativity (mean difference = −40.3 bp, 95% CI: −112.4, 31.9). This difference was not significant after adjusting for potential confounders nor stratifying by potential effect modifiers. H Pylori IgG seropositivity was significantly associated with short LTL among the elderly (55‐75 years, adjusted OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.17, 7.99), but not in the overall population (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.81‐2.02).ConclusionH Pylori IgG seropositivity was not associated with continuous LTL in the general population but may be associated with an excessively short LTL in the elderly.
Enamel opacities in all other than Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation index teeth of adolescents
Authors: Kevrekidou Aikaterini , Kosma Ismini , Kotsanos Ioannis , Arapostathis Konstantinos Nikolaos , Kotsanos Nikolaos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are scarce data on the hypomineralisation of other permanent teeth (HOPT) than the index teeth of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH).AimTo report on the prevalence and surface pattern of HOPT and seek associations with MIH.DesignRepresentative samples of urban Greek 14‐year‐olds were examined in classroom with a dental mirror. Their enamel defects were recorded using EAPD criteria for MIH. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests for HOPT vs previously reported MIH findings in the same samples were applied.ResultsHOPT prevalence in 1156 consented adolescents was 22.9%. 148 (16.2%) of 912 no‐MIH children had HOPT; 117 (48.1%) of the 244 MIH children had HOPT too (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.4‐3.6). There were more HOPT teeth per child in the MIH vs no‐MIH children (P < .001). HOPT tooth frequency was as follows: second molar 33.7%, canine 25.7%, first premolar 23.6%, and second premolar 17.0%. Enamel breakdown was seen in 5.3% HOPT children. Vestibular to intraoral surface defect ratio differed between jaws (maxilla 187/88, mandible 149/17, P < .05).ConclusionsHypomineralisation defects in the MIH non‐index teeth collectively had comparable prevalence and tooth surface patterns to MIH, but much lower severity. MIH was predictor for HOPT.
Small molecule inhibitors provide insights into the relevance of LAT1 and LAT2 in materno‐foetal amino acid transport
Authors: Zaugg Jonas , Huang Xiao , Ziegler Fabian , Rubin Matthias , Graff Julien , Müller Jennifer , Moser‐Hässig Ruedi , Powell Theresa , Gertsch Jürg , Altmann Karl‐Heinz , Albrecht Christiane 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe placenta supplies the foetus with critical nutrients such as essential amino acids (AA, eg leucine) for development and growth. It also represents a cellular barrier which is formed by a polarized, differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) monolayer. Active Na+‐independent leucine transport across the placenta is mainly attributed to the System L transporters LAT1/SLC7A5 and LAT2/SLC7A8. This study explored the influence of trophoblast differentiation on the activity of LAT1/LAT2 and the relevance of LAT1/LAT2 in leucine uptake and transfer in trophoblasts by applying specific small molecule inhibitors (JPH203/JG336/JX009). L‐leucine uptake (total dose = 167 μmol/L) was sensitive to LAT1‐specific inhibition by JPH203 (EC50 = 2.55 µmol/L). The inhibition efficiency of JPH203 was increased by an additional methoxy group in the JPH203‐derivate JG336 (EC50 = 1.99 µmol/L). Interestingly, JX009 showed efficient System L inhibition (EC50 = 2.35 µmol/L) and was the most potent inhibitor of leucine uptake in trophoblasts. The application of JPH203 and JX009 in Transwell®‐based leucine transfer revealed LAT1 as the major accumulative transporter at the apical membrane, but other System L transporters such as LAT2 as rate‐limiting for leucine efflux across the basal membrane. Therefore, differential specificity of the applied inhibitors allowed for estimation of the contribution of LAT1 and LAT2 in materno‐foetal AA transfer and their potential impact in pregnancy diseases associated with impaired foetal growth.
Inherited genetic variants associated with glucocorticoid sensitivity in leukaemia cells
Authors: Shinohara Tamao , Urayama Kevin Y. , Watanabe Atsushi , Akahane Koshi , Goi Kumiko , Huang Meixian , Kagami Keiko , Abe Masako , Sugita Kanji , Okada Yukinori , Goto Hiroaki , Minegishi Masayoshi , Iwamoto Shotaro , Inukai Takeshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIdentification of genetic variants associated with glucocorticoids (GC) sensitivity of leukaemia cells may provide insight into potential drug targets and tailored therapy. In the present study, within 72 leukaemic cell lines derived from Japanese patients with B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), we conducted genome‐wide genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and attempted to identify genetic variants associated with GC sensitivity and NR3C1 (GC receptor) gene expression. IC50 measures for prednisolone (Pred) and dexamethasone (Dex) were available using an alamarBlue cell viability assay. IC50 values of Pred showed the strongest association with rs904419 (P = 4.34 × 10−8), located between the FRMD4B and MITF genes. The median IC50 values of prednisolone for cell lines with rs904419 AA (n = 13), AG (n = 31) and GG (n = 28) genotypes were 0.089, 0.139 and 297 µmol/L, respectively. For dexamethasone sensitivity, suggestive association was observed for SNP rs2306888 (P = 1.43 × 10−6), a synonymous SNP of the TGFBR3 gene. For NR3C1 gene expression, suggestive association was observed for SNP rs11982167 (P = 6.44 × 10−8), located in the PLEKHA8 gene. These genetic variants may affect GC sensitivity of ALL cells and may give rise to opportunities in personalized medicine for effective and safe chemotherapy in ALL patients.
Irisin plays an important role in the outcomes of newly diagnosed prediabetes in adults in Guiyang, China
Authors: He Xi , Zhang Qiao , Peng Nianchun , Hu Ying , Li Hong , Chen Zhengyi , Liu Ruoyi , Xu Shujing , Zhang Miao , He Juan , Shi Lixin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo explore the potential role of irisin in the outcomes of newly diagnosed prediabetes.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from the Guiyang subcenter of the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. A total of 2,530 participants had newly diagnosed prediabetes at baseline and completed follow up. The nested 1:1 case–control study included 161 participants who developed diabetes mellitus at follow up, and 161 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The follow‐up study included 86 matched case–control pairs. Fasting serum irisin levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsBaseline serum irisin levels were higher in the cases than in the controls (P = 0.002); high baseline serum irisin levels were an independent risk factor for the development of diabetes (odds ratio 1.235, 95% confidence interval 1.025–1.488). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), smoking, exercise, and family history of diabetes, subjects in the highest quartile of irisin levels had a higher risk of diabetes than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 3.065, 95% confidence interval 1.511–6.218). The extent of decrease in irisin levels during follow‐up was greater in the cases than in the controls (P < 0.001). Baseline serum irisin levels were positively correlated with the extent of decrease in irisin during follow‐up (r = 0.773, P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, subjects with a decrease of irisin above the median had much higher risk for diabetes (odds ratio 5.077, 95% confidence interval 2.112–12.206).ConclusionsIrisin might play an important role in the outcomes of newly diagnosed prediabetes in adults in Guiyang, and can predict the risk for developing diabetes in these individuals.
Asymptomatic postprandial hypotension in patients with diabetes: The KAMOGAWA‐HBP study
Authors: Kitae Aya , Ushigome Emi , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Majima Saori , Senmaru Takafumi , Osaka Takafumi , Okada Hiroshi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Asano Mai , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionPostprandial hypotension (PPH) refers to a decrease in systolic blood pressure by ≥20 or to <90 mmHg from baseline ≥100 mmHg within 2 h of a meal. Previous studies have reported an association between diabetes and PPH; however, the characteristics of PPH in patients with diabetes remain unclear.Materials and MethodsWe recruited patients with diabetes who regularly attended the diabetes outpatient clinic. Participants were instructed to carry out three sets of blood pressure measurements at six time points: just before and right after, and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after their main meal of the day. Data on PPH symptoms were collected during an interview. To investigate the relationships between explanatory variables, PPH and associated symptoms, we carried out multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsWe analyzed data from 300 participants. There were 150 (50.0%) participants with PPH. Systolic blood pressure before a meal was significantly associated with PPH (odds ratio [OR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–1.86, P < 0.001), after adjusting for covariates. Furthermore, age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16, P = 0.027), hemoglobin A1c level (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.01–5.64, P = 0.030) and coefficients of variation of R‐R intervals (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.97, P = 0.032) were significantly associated with asymptomatic PPH.ConclusionsHalf of the present study outpatients with diabetes had PPH. High systolic blood pressure before a meal was significantly associated with the risk of PPH. Older adults and patients with higher levels of hemoglobin A1c or an autonomic dysfunction might have difficulties recognizing symptoms of PPH.
Transition of blood glucose level in a patient with pregnancy‐associated fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ichikawa Takahiro , Kitae Aya , Takeda Sorou , Sueyoshi Atsushi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report on the transition in blood glucose levels before and after the onset of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus in a perinatal woman. In week 38 of pregnancy, before which the patient had normal glucose tolerance, idiopathic acute pancreatitis was diagnosed. Five days thereafter, she became hypoglycemic, so we closely monitored her blood glucose levels. A total of 13 days later, she was hyperglycemic with a blood glucose level >16.0 mmol/L and glycated hemoglobin of 6.4%. Her fasting serum C‐peptide reactivity level was 3.6 ng/mL on the 5th day, and 0.2 ng/mL on the 18th day. Multiple insulin injection therapy was administered since the 18th day; after that, ketoacidosis did not occur. The patient was diagnosed with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus based on hyperglycemia without high glycated hemoglobin levels and sudden onset insulin‐dependent diabetes. Monitoring glucose levels in the case of idiopathic acute pancreatitis during pregnancy and prompt initiation of insulin therapy are important.
Investigation of performance and drying kinetics of the closed, partially open, and open heat pump drying systems
Authors: Tunçkal Cüneyt 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, the slices of “starking delicious” apple were dried at 40°C and an air velocity of 1 m/s in the heat pump drying system which was operated in three modes, that is, closed, open, and partially open. The model developed by Midilli and Kucuk was found to be the best model to explain the experimental data of apple slices drying. The effective moisture diffusivity values ranged from 2.33 × 10−8 to 3.06 × 10−8 m2/s. The evaporator and condenser side for open, partially open, and closed circuits are designed to operate with 100% fresh air or partial fresh air, which is controlled using dampers. Moisture content reduction of the apple slices from 4.631 to 0.126 g‐water/g‐dry matter moisture content took 404 min in the system operation with the condenser side partially open. Open heat pump drying system evaporator and condenser sides were completed in 27.4% less time than the open system application. The average performance coefficient (COPsys) of the entire system was found to be the highest in the closed system operation with 2.505. The SMERsys average was 80.80 g/kWh and the minimum total energy consumption was 5.580 kWh in the open heat pump drying system with the condenser side open.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, a heat pump dryer has been developed that can be operated in both closed, partially open and as well as open loop modes to achieve the best drying performance with the help of dampers placed on the heat pump drying system. The innovation of this study is that the system works more efficiently and the drying time is completed in a shorter time by utilizing the external condenser heat. Drying was performed in five different applications depending on the position of the dampers. Another purpose of this study was to fit the experimental data to the eight thin‐layer models and calculate the effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy. In addition, the color of the dried fruits was examined in terms of quality.
A new approach to the traditional drying models for the thin‐layer drying kinetics of chickpeas
Authors: Cavalcanti‐Mata Mário Eduardo Rangel Moreira , Duarte Maria Elita Martins , Lira Valnyr Vasconcelos , de Oliveira Rafael Farias , Costa Nancy Lima , Oliveira Hugo Miguel Lisboa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe drying process is an essential step in the postharvest of grains. The objective of this research was to study the drying kinetics of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.), by introducing a new approach to simplify the Fick equation. Drying temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°C were used in a hot air convective dryer to dry thin‐layers of chickpeas. The mathematical models (Fick, modified Henderson & Pabis, modified Page, and Cavalcanti‐Mata) were fitted to the experimental data. Using the effective diffusivity calculated from each model, the activation energy was determined, as well as the thermodynamic properties of the process. Drying times ranged from 72,000 to 39,600 s and correlated negatively with temperature. The semiempirical models presented a better fit to the experimental data than the Fick theoretical model with six terms. Effective diffusivity varies according to each model with values ranging from 54.0 × 10−11 to 78.0 × 10−11 m2/s depending on the drying temperature. Enthalpy (4.99 kJ/mol) and entropy (−0.27 kJ mol−1 K−1) values decrease with increasing temperature revealing that increasing drying temperature the less overall energy is expended and more heterogeneity is found. Gibb's free energy (102.8 kJ/mol) is directly proportional to temperature. Thus, the drying process is not spontaneous.Practical applicationsDrying models allow prediction of drying times and thus process and equipment design. Therefore, optimal drying models are required to improve these industrial tasks. Our work can be used to improve the process and equipment design by the improved drying models. Additionally, estimation of the process thermodynamic properties provides insights to use the drying energy better.
Screening value for gastrointestinal lesions of magnetic‐controlled capsule endoscopy in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Li Jing , Ren Mudan , Yang Jiahui , Zhao Yan , Li Yarui , Zhang Dan , Wu Fangli , Zhang Zhiyong , Lu Xinlan , Ren Li , He Shuixiang , Lu Guifang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimMost patients with gastric tumors and precancerous lesions are asymptomatic, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Compared with conventional gastroscopy and capsule endoscopy, magnetic‐controlled capsule endoscopy is a non‐invasive, effective, and cost‐efficient diagnostic modality for gastric examination. We retrospectively investigated magnetic‐controlled capsule endoscopy as a screening tool for gastrointestinal lesions (particularly gastric tumors and precancerous lesions) in asymptomatic individuals.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 1757 patients who voluntarily underwent magnetic‐controlled capsule endoscopy between January and December 2019 at nine medical centers across Shaanxi province based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. The primary outcomes were gastric tumor and precancerous lesion detection rates and procedural safety.ResultsThe upper and lower gastrointestinal lesion detection rates were 98.35% (1728/1757) and 21.61% (78/361), respectively; 2.28% of patients were diagnosed with gastric tumors including gastric cancer (4/1757) and submucosal tumors (36/1757). Three types of precancerous lesions were found in 591 patients (33.64%), including chronic atrophic gastritis (23.16%), gastric polyp (10.98%), and gastric ulcer (2.96%). For patients aged over 40 years, the detection rate of precancerous lesions was higher (14.36% vs 42.58%, P < 0.001). No patient was diagnosed with small intestinal cancer. No adverse events occurred.ConclusionsMagnetic‐controlled capsule endoscopy could be used as a promising novel screening modality for diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions in asymptomatic individuals, specifically gastric tumors and precancerous lesions, with the advantages of safety, non‐invasiveness, effectiveness, and cost‐efficiency.