bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery from the right pulmonary artery in a patient with D‐transposition of the great arteries utilizing transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Makadia Luv D. , Nielsen James C. , Kumar Thittamaranahalli Kumar Susheel , Bhatla Puneet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiagnosis of anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery (AORSA) from the right pulmonary artery (RPA) is usually made using CT, MRI, or invasive angiography. We report a patient diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). A newborn girl prenatally known to have d‐TGA presented with cyanosis sparing the right hemithorax and arm. Oxygen saturations on the right hand were persistently higher than on the right ear and other extremities. Repeat TTE using a modified echocardiographic imaging plane allowed for full visualization of the entire subclavian artery course, revealing AORSA from RPA. We discuss further the approach to echocardiographic diagnosis and surgical implications.
Cyclicality of commodity markets with respect to the U.S. economic policy uncertainty based on granger causality in quantiles
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Hayat Tasawar , Saeed Tareq 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGiven the importance of the U.S. in global commodity markets, the goal is to explore whether U.S. economic policy uncertainty impacts the price performance of certain commodities. The analysis uses the Granger causality in quantiles method that allows us to test whether there are different effects under different market conditions. The results document that economic uncertainty impacts the returns on the commodities considered, with the effects clustering around the tail of their conditional distribution. Robust evidence was obtained under alternative definitions of uncertainty.
Evaluating the impact of antiretroviral and antiseizure medication interactions on treatment effectiveness among outpatient clinic attendees with HIV in Zambia
Authors: Navis Allison , Dallah Ifunanya , Mabeta Charles , Musukuma Kalo , Siddiqi Omar K. , Bositis Christopher M. , Koralnik Igor J. , Gelbard Harris A. , Theodore William H. , Okulicz Jason F. , Johnson Brent A. , Sikazwe Izukanji , Bearden David R. , Birbeck Gretchen L 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveInteractions between enzyme‐inducing anti‐seizure medications (EI‐ASMs) and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) can lead to decreased ARV levels and may increase the likelihood of viral resistance. We conducted a study to determine if co‐usage of ARVs and EI‐ASMs is associated with ARV‐resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among people living with HIV in Zambia.MethodsEligible participants were ≥18 years of age and concurrently taking ASMs and ARVs for at least 1 month of the prior 6‐month period. Data were obtained regarding medication and HIV history. CD4 counts, plasma viral loads (pVLs), and HIV genotype and resistance profile in participants with a pVL >1000 copies/mL were obtained. Pearson's test of independence was used to determine whether treatment with EI‐ASM was associated with pVL >1000/mL copies.ResultsOf 50 participants, 41 (82%) were taking carbamazepine (37 on monotherapy), and all had stable regimens in the prior 6 months. Among the 13 ARV regimens used, 68% had a tenofovir/lamivudine backbone. The majority (94%) were on a stable ARV regimen for >6 months. Median CD4 nadir was 205 cells/mm3 (interquartile range [IQR] 88‐389), and 60% of participants had commenced ARV treatment before advanced disease occurred. Mean CD4 count at enrollment was 464 cells/mm3 (SD 226.3). Seven participants (14%) had a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3. Four (8%) had a pVL >1000 copies/mL; all were on carbamazepine. Three participants with elevated pVL had a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3. None had documented adherence concerns by providers; however, two had events concerning for clinical failure. HIV genotype testing showed mutations in three participants. Carbamazepine was not found to correlate with elevated pVL (P = .58).SignificanceEI‐ASMs are commonly used in sub‐Saharan Africa. Despite concurrent use of EI‐ASMs and ARVs, the majority of participants showed CD4 counts >200 cells/mm3 and were virally suppressed. Carbamazepine was not associated with an increased risk of virological failure or ARV‐resistant HIV.
Significance of the electrophysiological border between hypothalamic hamartomas and the hypothalamus for the target of ablation surgery identified by intraoperative semimicrorecording
Authors: Shirozu Hiroshi , Masuda Hiroshi , Kameyama Shigeki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveAblation surgery has become the first line of treatment for hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs). For effective treatment, optimum targeting of ablation is mandatory. The present study aimed to evaluate the correspondence between the electrophysiological features of HHs and morphological targeting by semimicrorecording during stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SRT).MethodsEighty HH patients who underwent SRT were involved. Semimicrorecording was performed on the first trajectory. The distance from the center of the target at the morphological border (TMB) determined by magnetic resonance imaging, differences in discharge patterns, and area potentials (APs) were measured.ResultsThe electrophysiological border (EB) between the HH and hypothalamus was detected by semimicrorecording in 73 (91.3%), AP increase (API) in the HH was detected in 31 (38.8%), and spike discharges (SDs) of the HH were detected in 56 patients (70.0%). Semimicrorecording showed significantly different APs among structures passing through the trajectory, except between API and SDs. The median distances from the center of the TMB to the EB, API, SDs, and AP decline were −3.50, −2.49, −1.38, and +2.00 mm, respectively.SignificanceThe electrophysiological features of HHs were shown by semimicrorecording during SRT. The EB corresponded to the morphological border. The electrophysiologically active area of HHs was located near the border. Ablation surgery should focus on disconnection at the border between the HH and the hypothalamus to maximize its effectiveness, as well as to reduce complications.
Symbolic violence in embodying customer service work across the urban/rural divide
Authors: Doshi Vijayta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrawing on a Bourdieuian theoretical framework, this article examines how the urban/rural divide informs the embodiment of customer service work at retail counters in shopping malls in India. Based on an analysis of extensive interviews as well as on‐site observations during 4 years of fieldwork, I document the cross‐class interactions between urban middle‐class customers and rural migrant lower‐class retail workers. I found that rural migrant workers engage in bodywork to embody service work in line with urban cultural “protocols” for customer interactions. Despite their efforts to acquire this valued embodied cultural capital, urban middle‐class customers continuously othered rural migrant workers. The study extends the service work literature on embodiment by pointing to the urban/rural divide in contexts of sustained rural/urban migration, such as India, and more broadly, the Global South. Second, it shows the symbolic violence in customer–worker dynamics reproducing class domination along the urban/rural divide.
Unsaturated Zone Flow Processes and Aquifer Response Time in the Chalk Aquifer, Brighton, South East England
Authors: Al‐Jaf Peshawa , Smith Martin , Gunzel Friederike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Chalk aquifer is one of the main sources of water in South East England. The unsaturated zone in the aquifer plays an important role controlling the time and magnitude of recharge and is major pathway for contaminant transport to the water table. A range of previous work has addressed flow processes in the Chalk unsaturated zone, but physical understanding is still incomplete. Here we present the results of a study on flow mechanism in the Chalk unsaturated zone using a combination of statistical analysis and novel laboratory methods. The study was undertaken at three sites (North Heath Barn [NHB], Pyecombe East [PE], and Preston Park [PP]) on the Chalk of the Brighton block, South East England. Daily and hourly time series data of groundwater level and rainfall were correlated. The results show that a slower groundwater level response to rainfall occurs during dry seasons (summer and autumn) when the amount of effective rainfall is less than 4 mm/day, with a thicker and drier unsaturated zone. A faster response occurs during wet seasons (winter and spring) when the daily effective rainfall exceeds 4 mm/day with a thinner and wetter unsaturated zone. Periods of very rapid response (within 15 h) were observed during wet seasons at NHB and PE sites, with unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ku) inferred to reach 839 mm/day. A slower response was observed at an urbanized site (PP) as a result of reduction in direct recharge due to reduced infiltration, due to presences of impermeable infrastructure covering the area around PP borehole. Laboratory measurements ofKuof the Chalk matrix using a geotechnical centrifuge show variation from 4.27 to 0.07 mm/day, according to the level of saturation. Thus, the rapid responses cannot be linked to matrix flow only but indicate the contribution of fracture and karstic flow processes in conducting water.
Health‐related quality of life and caregiver burden of emicizumab in children with haemophilia A and factor VIII inhibitors—Results from the HAVEN 2 study
Authors: Mancuso Maria Elisa , Mahlangu Johnny , Sidonio Robert , Trask Peter , Uguen Marianne , Chang Tiffany , Shima Midori , Young Guy , Oldenburg Johannes , von Mackensen Sylvia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionPersons with haemophilia A (PwHA) with factor (F)VIII inhibitors, including children, have impaired health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The HAVEN 2 study (NCT027955767) of paediatric PwHA with FVIII inhibitors demonstrated that subcutaneous emicizumab prophylaxis resulted in low annualizedbleed rates.AimWe assessed the impact of emicizumab prophylaxis on the HRQoL of children and their caregivers participating in HAVEN 2.MethodsChildren aged 8‐11 years self‐reported HRQoL using the Haemophilia‐Specific Quality of Life Assessment Instrument for Children and Adolescents Short Form (Haemo‐QoL SF II). Caregivers of children aged 0‐11 years completed the Adapted Inhibitor‐Specific Quality of Life Assessment with Aspects of Caregiver Burden. All scores were transformed to a 0‐100 scale, where lower scores reflect a better HRQoL. The number of missed days from school/day care and hospitalizations was also recorded.ResultsIn HAVEN 2 (n = 88), the median age was 6.5 years (range: 1‐15 years); 85 participants were aged < 12 years and included in this analysis, and 34 participants were aged 8‐11 years, thereby eligible to complete the Haemo‐QoL SF II questionnaire. The mean (standard deviation, n) baseline Haemo‐QoL SF II ‘Total’ score was 30.2 (14.9, 30), indicating moderate impairment; with emicizumab, mean score decreased by −9.62 (7.73, 17) points to 23.0 (13.93, 20) by Week 49. The most improved domains were ‘Sports & School’ and ‘Physical Health’. Caregivers reported similar improvements.ConclusionProphylactic emicizumab is accompanied by substantial and sustained improvements in HRQoL of paediatric PwHA with FVIII inhibitors and their caregivers.
Cognitive ageing is premature among a community sample of optimally treated people living with HIV
Authors: Aung HL , Bloch M , Vincent T , Quan D , Jayewardene A , Liu Z , Gates TM , Brew B , Mao L , Cysique LA 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesEvidence of premature cognitive ageing amongst people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains controversial due to previous research limitations including underpowered studies, samples with suboptimal antiretroviral access, varying rate of virological control, high rate of AIDS, over‐representation of non‐community samples, and inclusion of inappropriate controls. The current study addresses these limitations, while also considering mental health and non‐HIV comorbidity burden to determine whether PLHIV showed premature cognitive ageing compared with closely comparable HIV‐negative controls.MethodsThis study enrolled 254 PLHIV [92% on antiretroviral therapy; 84% with HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL; 15% with AIDS) and 72 HIV‐negative gay and bisexual men [mean (SD) age = 49 (10.2) years] from a single primary care clinic in Sydney, Australia. Neurocognitive function was evaluated with the Cogstate Computerized Battery (CCB) at baseline and 6 months after. Linear mixed‐effects (LME) models examined main and interaction effects of HIV status and chronological age on the CCB demographically uncorrected global neurocognitive z‐score (GZS), adjusting for repeated testing, and then adjusting sequentially for HIV disease markers, mental health and comorbidities.ResultsHIV status and age interacted with a lower GZS (β = −0.43, P < 0.05). Higher level of anxiety symptoms (β = −0.11, P < 0.01), historical AIDS (β = −0.12, P < 0.05) and historical HIV brain involvement (β = −0.12, P < 0.05) were associated with lower GZS.ConclusionsWe found a robust medium‐sized premature ageing effect on cognition in a community sample with optimal HIV care. Our study supports routine screening of cognitive and mental health among PLHIV aged ≥ 50 years.
Balanopreputial sac and urine microbiota in patients with male genital lichen sclerosus
Authors: Watchorn Richard E. , van den Munckhof Ellen H. A. , Quint Koen D. , Eliahoo Joseph , de Koning Maurits N. C. , Quint Wim G. V. , Bunker Christopher B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMale genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) is a chronic inflammatory scarring dermatosis associated with penile carcinoma. The prepuce is pivotal in its etiology. Other proposed etiological factors are the subject of dispute and include occluded urinary exposure, autoimmunity, immunodysregulation, and infectious agents.ObjectiveTo determine whether the bacterial microbiota of the balanopreputial sac and urine are associated with MGLSc.Subjects and methodsTwenty uncircumcised patients with MGLSc and 20 healthy uncircumcised males were enrolled in a prospective case–control study. Balanopreputial swabs and urine specimens were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.ResultsMicrobiota analysis indicated differences between the groups. In the balanopreputial sac, the median relative abundance of Finegoldia spp. was lower (9% [range 0–60%]) in MGLSc patients than in controls (28% [range 0–62%]). Conversely, the median relative abundance of Fusobacterium spp. was higher in MGLSc patients (4% [range 0–41%]) than in controls (0% [range 0–28%]). In the urine, the median relative abundance of Finegoldia spp. was comparable between groups, whereas that of Fusobacterium spp. was higher in MGLSc patients (0% [range 0–18%] vs. 0% [range 0–5%]). There was a strong association between the microbiota composition of the balanopreputial sac and urine in MGLSc.ConclusionDysbiosis could be involved in the etiopathogenesis of MGLSc. Further studies are required to confirm the association suggested herein and to determine its nature.
Making collective bargaining more inclusive: The role of extension
Authors: HAYTER Susan , VISSER Jelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing data on collective bargaining coverage for 80 countries, the authors analyse the merits of using the extension of collective agreements as a policy tool for creating a floor for conditions of work and employment. Issued by public authorities, this regulatory instrument is distinctive in that it is based on agreement between independent, autonomous and representative organizations. This gives it some of the advantages of a contract as well as those of a statute. The extension of collective agreements by public authorities can provide coverage for vulnerable workers who may not otherwise have access to social protection, while offering a highly responsive form of regulation that can be adapted to particular circumstances.
Association of urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio with subclinical systolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients but not normotensive subjects: Danyang study
Authors: Liu Ming , He Anxia , Wang Ye , Chen Chao , Zhao Xixuan , Zhang Siqi , Liang Junya , Hua Mulian , Fang Zhuyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe association of albuminuria, as measured by urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) concentration, with subclinical cardiac dysfunction in hypertensive patients is unclear. Our study aimed to examine its relationship in hypertensive patients compared with that in normotensive patients. The study participants were recruited from Danyang, a city of Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2019. Categorical and continuous analyses were performed with sex‐specific UACR tertiles and natural logarithmically transformed UACR, respectively. Comprehensive echocardiography including conventional imaging, tissue Doppler imaging, and 2D speckle tracking was performed using Philips CX50 device. The 2857 participants (mean age = 52.7 ± 11.8 years) included 1673 (58.6%) women, 1125 (39.4%) hypertensive patients, 546 (19.1%) patients with microalbuminuria, and 38 (1.3%) patients with macroalbuminuria. Comorbidities were increasingly prevalent across the tertiles of UACR. Increased left ventricular (LV) mass index, decreased global longitudinal strain (GLS) and LV ejection fraction, lower E/A ratio and e′ velocity, and higher E/e′ ratio were significantly associated with higher UACR on unadjusted analyses (p ≤ .01). After adjustment for covariates, UACR was only independently associated with lower GLS (tertile 3 = 20.7% vs. tertile 1 = 20.9%; p = .04). The results of hypertensive patients (p ≤ .04) but not normotensive patients (p ≥ .16) were similar to those of the total cohort. Subgroup analyses revealed similar results in patients without coronary artery disease, or without LV hypertrophy, or without diabetes. In conclusion, increased UACR is associated with worse subclinical systolic function in Chinese hypertensive patients but not in normotensive participants.
Improvement of3Dprinting properties of rose‐sodium alginate heterogeneous gel by adjusting rose material
Authors: Feng Chunyan , Zhang Min , Bhandari Bhesh , Wang Yuchuan , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of this work was to use the sodium alginate gel (NaAlg) to explore the influencing factors of 3D food printing of large‐particle heterogeneous food materials. For edible rose petals, the main factors limiting the application of roses to 3D printing are the material's non‐shear thinning characteristics, the roses being much larger in size than the nozzle diameter, and the poor stability of anthocyanins. NaAlg gel as a model system to help roses to realize 3D printing was applied. The edible rose petals needed to be color‐protected due to the high moisture content of alginate. The results showed that 1% wt./vol. chitosan treatment had the best color protection effect. In addition, the effect of sizes (<0.2, 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1.2 cm) and amount of rose petal pieces (1, 3, and 6% wt./wt.) on 3D printing behavior of heterogeneous materials were investigated. Results indicated that rose petals with a plane diameter of less than 0.5 cm and an addition of less than 6% wt./wt. can be successfully printed to exquisite shaped rich rose‐fragrance products.Practical Applications3D printing of roses combining with sodium alginate could produce a new type of snack food. The application of roses provides the basis for the development of heterogeneous systems for 3D food printing.
Body composition and weakness of hand grip strength and pinch strength in patients with chronic kidney disease from different ethnic backgrounds
Authors: Jiang Keruo , Slee Adrian , Davenport Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) patients commonly report muscle weakness and fatigue. Losing muscle mass increases mortality. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the main factors associated with loss of muscle mass and muscle weakness.MethodsAnthropometric measurements were made in CKD patients attending a specialised clinic, along with hand grip strength (HGS), pinch strength (PS) and body composition (muscle mass and fat mass), using segmental bioimpedance assessment.ResultsWe reviewed the results of 161 CKD patients; 105 male (65.2%), mean (SD) age 70.3 (15) years, body mass index (BMI) 28.8 (6.7) kg m−2. In multivariable models, both HGS and PS were independently negatively associated with age [standardised β (St β) = 0.35; 95% confidence limits (CL) = −0.32 to −0.14; St β = 0.38; 95% CL = −0.65 to −0.02; P < 0.001, respectively] and positively with appendicular muscle in the arm tested [St β = 0.34; 95% CL = 2.5–6.3; St β = 0.24; 95% CL = 0.17–0.98; P < 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively]. In addition, HGS was associated with male gender (St β = 0.19; 95% CL = 0.7–7.5; P = 0.019] and negatively with percentage body fat (St β = 0.22; 95% CL = −0.36 to −0.07; P = 0.003]. There were 47 (29.2%) Asian patients who had lower total skeletal muscle mass/height ratio and appendicular muscle mass/BMI ratio compared to other ethnicities [9.6 (1.8) versus 10.5 (1.6) kg m−2, P < 0.01; 0.73 (0.23) versus 0.83 (0.33) m2; P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn CKD patients, we found that muscle weakness measured by HGS and PS was associated with increasing age and loss of appendicular muscle mass. HGS was also weaker with increasing fat mass and female gender, whereas PS was weaker in patients of Asian ethnicity.
Myological reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hind limb of the giant titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurDreadnoughtus schrani
Authors: Voegele Kristyn K. , Ullmann Paul V. , Lamanna Matthew C. , Lacovara Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOsteological correlates preserve more readily than their soft tissue counterparts in the fossil record; therefore, they can more often provide insight into the soft tissue anatomy of the organism. These insights can in turn elucidate the biology of these extinct organisms. In this study, we reconstruct the pelvic girdle and hind limb musculature of the giant titanosaurian sauropodDreadnoughtus schranibased on observations of osteological correlates and Extant Phylogenetic Bracket comparisons. Recovered fossils ofDreadnoughtusexhibit remarkably well‐preserved, well‐developed, and extensive muscle scars. Furthermore, this taxon is significantly larger bodied than any titanosaurian for which a myological reconstruction has previously been performed, rendering this contribution highly informative for the group. All 20 of the muscles investigated in this study are sufficiently well supported to enable reconstruction of at least one division, including reconstruction of the M. ischiocaudalis for the first time in a sauropod dinosaur. In total, 34 osteological correlates were identified on the pelvic girdle and hind limb remains ofDreadnoughtus, allowing the reconstruction of 14 muscles on the basis of Level I or Level II inferences (i.e., not Level I' or Level II' inferences). Comparisons among titanosaurians suggest widespread myological variation, yet potential phylogenetic and other paleobiologic patterns are often obscured by fragmentary preservation, infrequent myological studies, and lack of consensus on the phylogenetic placement of many taxa. However, a ventrolateral accessory process is present on the preacetabular lobe of the ilium in all of the largest titanosauriforms that preserve this skeletal element, suggesting that the presence of this process (representing the origin of the M. puboischiofemoralis internus part II) may be associated with extreme body size. By identifying such myological patterns among titanosauriforms, we can begin to address specific evolutionary and biomechanical questions related to their skeletal anatomy, how they were capable of leaving wide‐gauge trackways, and resulting locomotor attributes unique to this clade.