bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-exposed infant follow-up in Mozambique: Formative research findings for the design of a cluster randomized controlled trial to improve testing and ART initiation
Authors: Vieira Lúcia C , Mahumane Arlete Miloque , Napua Manuel , Chale Falume Azamo , Manuel João Luís , Cowan Jessica Greenberg , Sherr Kenneth , Chapman Rachel R , Pfeiffer James T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV-exposed and initiation of HIV-positive infants on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) requires a well-coordinated cascade of care. Loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) can occur at multiple steps and effective EID is impeded by human resource constraints, difficulty with patient tracking, and long waiting periods. The objective of this research was to conduct formative research to guide the development of an intervention to improve the pediatric HIV care cascade in central Mozambique. The study was conducted in Manica and Sofala Provinces where the adult HIV burden is higher than the national average. The research focused on 3 large clinics in each province, along the highly populated Beira corridor. Methods: The research was conducted in 2014 over 3 months at six facilities and consisted of 1) patient flow mapping and collection of health systems data from postpartum, child-at-risk, and ART service registries, 2) measurement of clinic waiting times, and 3) patient and health worker focus groups. Results: HIV testing and ART initiation coverage for mothers tends to be high, but EID and pediatric ART initiation are hampered by lack of patient tracking, long waiting times, and inadequate counseling to navigate the care cascade. About 76% of HIV-positive infants were LTFU and did not initiate ART. Conclusions: Effective interventions to reduce LTFU in EID and improve pediatric ART initiation should focus on patient tracking, active follow-up of defaulting patients, reduction in EID turn-around times for PCR results, and initiation of ART by nurses in child-at-risk services. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered, ISRCTN67747315, July 24, 2019.
Hard-threshold neural network-based prediction of organic synthetic outcomes
Authors: Hu Haoyang , Yuan Zhihong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Retrosynthetic analysis is a canonical technique for planning the synthesis route of organic molecules in drug discovery and development. In this technique, the screening of synthetic tree branches requires accurate forward reaction prediction, but existing software is far from completing this step independently. Previous studies attempted to apply a neural network to forward reaction prediction, but the accuracy was not satisfying. Through using the Edit Vector-based description and extended-connectivity fingerprints to transform the reaction into a vector, this study focuses on the update of the neural network to improve the template-based forward reaction prediction. Hard-threshold activation and the target propagation algorithm are implemented by introducing mixed convex-combinatorial optimization. Comparative tests were conducted to explore the optimal hyperparameter set. Using 15,000 experimental reaction data extracted from granted United States patents, the proposed hard-threshold neural network was systematically trained and tested. The results demonstrated that a higher prediction accuracy was obtained than that for the traditional neural network with backpropagation algorithm. Some successfully predicted reaction examples are also briefly illustrated.
The Fair Decision-making of Children and Adolescents with High-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Perspective of Dual-process Theories
Authors: Jin Peiying , Wang Yao , LI Yun , Xiao Yunhua , Li Chunyan , Qiu Nana , Weng Jiao , Fang Hui , Ke Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Fairness has received much attention in our society. At present, the findings regarding fair decision-making in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) are inconsistent. Previous studies have shown that the fair decision-making of typically developing children is influenced by theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning (EF). As those with HF-ASD have defects in both domains, this study aims to explore the differences in fair decision-making between children and adolescents with HF-ASD and those with typical development (TD). Methods: We used a simply ultimatum game (UG) to explore 31 children and adolescents with HF-ASD and 38 children and adolescents with TD. T tests and chi-square tests were used to compare group differences, and Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyse the mechanisms influencing the two groups' unfair acceptance rates. Results: The results show that children with HF-ASD are more likely to accept unfair offers, but for adolescents, the difference is not significant. Regression analysis showed that the interaction between the behavior regulation index (BRI) and age could negatively predict the unfair acceptance rate of children and adolescents with HF-ASD. Working memory and ToM can negatively predict the unfair acceptance rate of those with TD. Conclusion: This study concluded that the development of fair decision-making by children and adolescents with HF-ASD falls far behind that of those with TD. Intuition processes play a dominant role in the fair decision-making processes of children and adolescents with HF-ASD, and we believe that comorbidity, age, experience and emotional management are important factors influencing the fair decision-making of individuals with HF-ASD.
Factors contributing to post-stroke health care utilization and costs. Secondary results from the Life After Stroke (LAST) study, a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Døhl Øystein , Halsteinli Vidar , Askim Torun , Gunnes Mari , Hansen Hege Ihle , Indredavik Bent , Langhammer Birgitta , Phan Ailan , Magnussen Jon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The result from the Life After Stroke (LAST) study showed that an 18-month follow up program as part of the primary health care, did not improve maintenance of motor function for stroke survivors. In this study we evaluated whether the follow-up program could lead to a reduction in the use of health care compared to standard care. Furthermore, we analyse to what extent differences in health care costs for stroke patients could be explained by individual need factors (such as physical disability, cognitive impairment, age, gender and marital status), and we tested whether a generic health related quality of life (HRQoL) is able to predict the utilisation of health care services for patients post-stroke as well as more disease specific indexes. Methods The Last study was a multicentre, pragmatic, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Adults (age ≥18 years) with first-ever or recurrent stroke, community dwelling, with modified Rankin Scale <5. The study included 380 persons recruited 10 to 16 weeks post-stroke, randomly assigned to individualized coaching for 18 months (n=186) or standard care (n=194). Individual need was measured by the Motor assessment scale (MAS), Barthel Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Gait speed. HRQoL was measured by EQ-5D-5L. Health care costs were estimated for each person based on individual information of health care use. Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyse cost differences between the groups and the relationship between individual costs and determinants of health care utilisation. Results There were higher total costs in the intervention group. MAS, Gait speed, HADS and mRS were significant identifiers of costs post-stroke, as was EQ-5D-5L. Conclusion Long term, regular individualized coaching did not reduce health care costs compared to standard care. We found that MAS, Gait speed, HADS and mRS were significant predictors for future health care use. The generic EQ-5D-5L performed equally well as the more detailed battery of outcome measures, suggesting that HRQoL measures may be a simple and efficient way of identifying patients in need of health care after stroke and targeting groups for interventions. Clinical Trial Registration : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01467206.
Biological Potential Alterations of Migratory Chondrogenic Progenitor Cells during Knee Osteoarthritic Progression
Authors: Wang Yu-Xing , Zhao Zhi-Dong , Wang Qian , Li Zhong-Li , Huang Ya , Zhao Sen , Hu Wei , Liang Jia-Wu , Li Pei-Lin , Wang Hua , Mao Ning , Wu Chu-Tse , Zhu Heng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Although increasing studies have demonstrated that chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) remain present in human osteoarthritic cartilage, the biological alterations of the CPCs from the less diseased lateral tibial condyle and the more diseased medial condyle of same patient remain to be investigated. Methods: CPCs were isolated from paired grade 1-2 and grade 3-4 osteoarthritic cartilage by virtue of cell migratory capacities. The cell morphology, immunophenotype, self-renewal, multi-differentiation, and cell migration of these CPCs were evaluated. Additionally, the distributions of CD105+/CD271+ cells in OA osteochondral specimen were determined. Furthermore, a high-through mRNA sequencing was performed. Results: Migratory CPCs (mCPCs) robustly outgrew from mildly collagenases-digested osteoarthritic cartilages. The mCPCs from grade 3-4 cartilages (mCPCs, grade 3-4) harbored morphological characteristics, cell proliferation and colony formation capacity that were similar to those of the mCPCs from the grade 1-2 OA cartilages (mCPCs, grade 1-2). However, the mCPCs (grade 3-4) highly expressed CD271. In addition, the mCPCs (grade 3-4) showed enhanced osteo-adipogenic activities and decreased chondrogenic capacity. Furthermore, the mCPCs (grade 3-4) exhibited stronger cell migration in response to osteoarthritis synovial fluids. More CD105+/CD271+ cells resided in grade 3-4 articular cartilages. Moreover, the results of mRNA sequencing showed that mCPCs (grade 3-4) expressed higher migratory molecules. Conclusions: Our data suggest that more mCPCs (grade 3-4) migrate to injured articular cartilages but with enhanced osteo-adipogenic and decreased chondrogenic capacity, which might explain the pathological changes of mCPCs during the progression of OA from early to late stages. Thus, these dysfunctional mCPCs might be optional cell targets for OA therapies.
Determining a Critical Threshold for G6PD Activity below which RBC Response to Oxidative Stress is Poor
Authors: Swastika Maria , Harahap Alida R , Panggalo Lydia V , Jusman Sri Widia A , Satyagraha Ari W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder in the world. Its main function is to generate NADPH that is required for anti-oxidative pathway in the cells especially in RBC. G6PD deficiency is X-linked and thus subject to random X-chromosome inactivation in women giving them mosaic expression of G6PD activities in their individual cells. This phenomenon makes it difficult for diagnosis with the currently available G6PD qualitative diagnostic tests. With the rolling out of newly marketed anti-malarial drug tafenoquine which has a long half-life, screening for G6PD deficiency becomes a necessity where those with <70% G6PD activity cannot receive this drug. Thus, evidence for a quantitative cut-off for G6PD activity is needed to ensure safe drug administration. Methods: RBC models were developed to analyze the effect of oxidant on RBC oxidative markers namely total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). G6PD activity was measured using quantitative assay from Trinity Biotech and was correlated with cytofluorometric assay. RBC from two G6PD heterozygous women with different G6PD activities were also analyzed for comparison. Results: There was a negative correlation between G6PD activity and CuCl concentration and a strong association between G6PD activities and proportion of G6PD normal RBC in CuCl-treated models and in ex vivo RBC. However, in terms of oxidative stress markers analyses, unlike the hypothesis where the lower G6PD activity, the higher MDA and the lower GSH level, our CuCl RBC model showed that in low G6PD activities (10-30%) cells, the MDA level is lower compared to the rest of the models (p<0.05). Our ex vivo model however were in line with the hypothesis, although the result was not significant (p=0.5). There was a significant difference between RBC with <60% and those with >80% G6PD activities in CuCl RBC model but not in ex vivo RBC (p=0.5). Genotyping heterozygous subjects showed G6PD Viangchan variant with 2.97 U/gHb (33% activity) and 6.58 U/gHb (74% activity). Conclusions: The GSH analysis has pointed to the 60% G6PD activity cut-off and this data is supportive of the old WHO threshold for intermediate upper limit of 60% G6PD activity. However, there are significant limitations in using MDA assay with CuCl RBC model because the RBC was already stressed due to the copper treatment and thus present a different result when compared to the ex-vivo model.
Influential Factors on Sexual Function in Infertile Women with Endometriosis: A Path Analysis
Authors: Author) samaneh youseflu(Former Corresponding , Author) Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh(New Corresponding , Khomami Mahnaz Bahri , Nasiri Malihe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Endometriosis have a negative influence on women’s sexual life. The aim of the current study was to test a conceptual model considering the interrelated role of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, physical activity, BMI, stage of endometriosis, the intensity of dyspareunia and pelvic pain on sexual function (SF) in infertile women with endometriosis. Also test the mediating role of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression.
Method: In the present cross-sectional study, 220 infertile women with a laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis were recruited. Data were collected using a socio-demographic checklist, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Results: We found that anxiety, depression, sleep quality, BMI, level of education, stage of endometriosis, and dyspareunia have a direct effect on women’s SF. In our study, sleep quality, anxiety, pelvic pain, and depression were the four major mediators that the higher scores lead to a decrease in the SF of endometriosis patients. The intensity of pelvic pain with an effect on sleep quality and dyspareunia change women’s SF. The lower level of physical activity, and higher BMI with indirect effect thorough anxiety, and sleep quality can worsen SF. Also, a higher level of anxiety leads to poor sleep quality and depression. Anxiety with both direct and indirect effect impress women’s SF.
Conclusion: It seems that the main risk factors for sexual dysfunction in women with endometriosis are higher rates of anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. In the care of women with endometriosis, not only laparoscopy and medical treatment should be performed but also psychotherapeutic and psychosexual help should be offered.
Biomechanical and morphological changes of rabbit corneas under collagenase type II and negative pressure: three months follow-up observation
Authors: Chen Xinyan , Qin Xiao , Yu Mengyao , Zhang Haixia , Li Lin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

To investigate biomechanical and morphological changes of rabbit cornea ectasia induced by collagenase type II and negative pressure during 3 months after treatment.

Method

Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and evenly arranged into three groups. In group NP, the corneas were continuously attracted by negative pressure with 500 mmHg for 30 min, treated by every other day, three times in total. In group CII, the corneal central zone was soaked in the collagenase type II solution (200 μL of 3 mg/ml) for 30 min. In group CP, the corneas were disposed as group CII firstly, then applied negative pressure as group NP for once after 5 days. All right eyes were treated as control eyes. Corneal morphology and biomechanical related parameters were observed in vivo once a week for three weeks after treatment and before execution. Histology and biomechanics were tested in vitro at the third month after treatment.

Results

Corneal diopter and corneal central thickness (CCT) changed to some extent after treatment immediately as a result of negative pressure in group NP. The corneas in Group NP had smaller elastic modulus and slower relaxation degree compared with the control one 3 months after treatment. In Group CII, corneal diopter increased, CCT and CH decreased at the second week after treatment, which showed the characters of ectatic corneas. At the third month after treatment, elastic modulus (EL) of the experimental eyes decreased slightly compared with the control eyes. Due to the large individual differences, there were no regular changes on experimental corneas in Group CP.

Conclusions

Cornea socked with collagenase type II showed the obvious characteristics of ectatic cornea at the second week after treatment, but the characteristics disappeared gradually. Negative pressure can result in the change of corneal thickness and diopter in a short period of time, and the degree of swelling and duration are far less than Group CII, but the changes of biomechanical parameters are more obviously than Group CII.
Parenting stress and competence in borderline personality disorder: The influence of mental health, trauma history, attachment and reflective capacity.
Authors: Steele Kayla R , Townsend Michelle L , Grenyer Brin F.S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) may experience additional challenges in their parenting role, including increased stress and lower self-efficacy and satisfaction. These difficulties have been shown to impact their children, and may be implicated in the potential intergenerational transmission of personal vulnerabilities.Methods: Parental stress and competence variables was explored in 284 parents (94.72% female, M=37.37, SD=8.04 years), of which 69 (24.30%) met caseness for BPD criteria. We completed a multivariate analysis of variance to compare parents with ‘high BPD features’ (meeting caseness for BPD) to those with ‘low BPD features’ on a range of parenting and mental health variables. Multivariate linear regression modelling was then utilised to investigate how these parenting variables were influenced by personality and psychological wellbeing, recalled trauma history, orientation to attachment relationships and reflective capacity.Results: Individuals high in BPD features experienced more stress and lower competence in their parenting role than those low in BPD features. These parents also reported more personality vulnerabilities, poorer psychological wellbeing, recalled more traumatic experiences in their childhood, were more likely to endorse insecure attachment styles and had poorer reflective capacity. Parenting stress and competence was also influenced by personality traits, general psychological wellbeing, recalled trauma history, attachment style and reflective capacity variables. Parental reflective capacity had the strongest influence on parenting stress, satisfaction, efficacy and the perception of having a difficult child and a difficult parent-child relationship. Whilst a parent’s psychological wellbeing had the greatest influence on their parenting distress. Conclusions: Parents who were able to imaginatively enter the subjective world of the child and hold the child’s mind in mind with less certainty, reported reduced parenting stress and greater parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Helping to improve personality and mental health functioning, increasing parental reflective capacity and strengthening parent-child attachment relationships, may reduce parenting stress and increase parenting competence in individuals with BPD.
Clinical patterns and the evolution of relapsing polychondritis based on organ involvement: analysis of 126 Chinese patients
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yun Shuang , Wu Tiange , He Yujie , Guo Jinyan , Han Lishuai , Lu Jiameng , Liu Xiaojun , Yang Rui , Zhang Shitao , Li Tianfang , Liu Shengyun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical patterns of relapsing polychondritis(RPC) to improve clinicians’ comprehensive understanding of the disease. Methods The electronic records of RPC patients that were hospitalized and followed-up by rheumatologists at our hospital between January 1, 2008 and August 31,2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Sixty-six males and 60 femaleswere included with onset age of 47.1±13.8 years and followed up for a median of 18 months. Eighty-seven patients (69.1%) did not met with the traditional criteria.Correlation analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between airway involvement and auricular chondritis (r=-0.75，P<0.001). Four distinct clinical patterns were identified: Ear pattern (50.8%), Airway pattern (38.9%), Overlap pattern (4.8%) and Airway-Ear negative pattern (5.6%) and patients with Ear pattern and Airway pattern were subdivided as limited and systemic form of RPC (27.8%with limited form of Ear pattern and 24.6% with limited form of Airway pattern). During follow-up, a small part of patients with Ear pattern and Airway pattern progressed into Overlap pattern andsome Airway-Ear negative patternpatients progressed into Ear pattern. Most of the limited RPC patientsremained limited form during follow-up whilesome patients with limited form progressed into systemic form. Patients with Ear pattern had the highest survival rate and relative lower inflammatory status. Conclusion RPC patients can be categorized as 4 differentclinical patterns and 2 distinct presenting forms (limited and systemic) based on organ involvement.Limited form of RPC is not uncommon in Chinese patients and traditional criteria of RPC are not suitable for early diagnosis.