bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Automated Histopathological Colorectal Cancer Multi‐Class Classification System Based on Optimal Image Processing and Prominent Features
Authors: Tonni Tasnim Jahan , Rana Shakil , Fatema Kaniz , Karim Asif , Rony Md. Awlad Hossen , Hasan Md. Zahid , Mukta Md. Saddam Hossain , Azam Sami 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by the uncontrollable growth of cancerous cells within the rectal mucosa. In contrast, colon polyps, precancerous growths, can develop into colon cancer, causing symptoms like rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and constipation. It is the leading cause of death worldwide, and this potentially fatal cancer severely afflicts the elderly. Furthermore, early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, as it is often more time‐consuming and laborious for experts. This study improved the accuracy of CRC multi‐class classification compared to previous research utilizing diverse datasets, such as NCT‐CRC‐HE‐100 K (100,000 images) and CRC‐VAL‐HE‐7 K (7,180 images). Initially, we utilized various image processing techniques on the NCT‐CRC‐HE‐100 K dataset to improve image quality and noise‐freeness, followed by multiple feature extraction and selection methods to identify prominent features from a large data hub and experimenting with different approaches to select the best classifiers for these critical features. The third ensemble model (XGB‐LightGBM‐RF) achieved an optimum accuracy of 99.63% with 40 prominent features using univariate feature selection methods. Moreover, the third ensemble model also achieved 99.73% accuracy from the CRC‐VAL‐HE‐7 K dataset. After combining two datasets, the third ensemble model achieved 99.27% accuracy. In addition, we trained and tested our model with two different datasets. We used 80% data from NCT‐CRC‐HE‐100 K and 20% data from CRC‐VAL‐HE‐7 K, respectively, for training and testing purposes, while the third ensemble model obtained 98.43% accuracy in multi‐class classification. The results show that this new framework, which was created using the third ensemble model, can help experts figure out what kinds of CRC diseases people are dealing with at the very beginning of an investigation.
A 150‐Year Avian Extinction Debt Forewarns a Global Species Crisis and Highlights Conservation Opportunities
Authors: Wang Zhibang , Cui Ning , Hung Chih‐Ming , Li Shou‐Hsien , Dong Feng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHumans have caused pervasive wildlife habitat loss by transforming most of the Earth's terrestrial surface, while unexpectedly limited species have consequently gone extinct. The concept of time‐lagged extinction (i.e., an extinction debt) potentially explains this paradox, but the starting time of the process is difficult to estimate. Herein, by projecting extinction risk backward onto human perturbation time series, we applied a statistical framework to examine extinction debt for 8435 terrestrial avian species. The results suggested that the modern extinction risk induced by anthropogenic terrestrial land modification began 150 years ago, aligning with the acceleration of human activities since the Second Industrial Revolution. Intriguingly, we found a reversal of anthropogenic effects on extinction risk over the mid‐20th century, perhaps driven by spatiotemporal contrasts in anthropogenic perturbations between developed and developing areas. These findings indicate the need for proactive conservation and highlight the role of ecosystem restoration in the potential repayment of extinction debt.
Enhancing Undergraduate Metacognitive Awareness and Self‐Efficacy: Effective Instructional Practices for Research Question Formulation
Authors: Sasson Irit , Tifferet Sigal 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDeveloping students' metacognitive awareness and self‐efficacy is crucial for fostering independent learning and higher‐order thinking skills, especially in research‐related tasks. Despite the widespread recognition of the importance of cultivating higher‐order thinking skills in higher education, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of effective instructional methods for fostering these skills among students. To address this gap, this study examines the impact of instructional practices on undergraduate students' metacognitive awareness and self‐efficacy in research question formulation—a fundamental skill in academic inquiry. Using a pretest/posttest design, 291 students from two colleges participated in courses where active and passive instructional methods served as the intervention. Our analysis reveals that active instructional methods were associated with marked improvements in self‐efficacy. The study provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of active, student‐centred pedagogies in enhancing cognitive and self‐regulatory capacities. These findings offer educators practical guidance for designing instructional interventions that cultivate critical thinking and research skills, ultimately advancing student learning and success.
Leveraging Generative AI in Higher Education: An Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges Addressed in University Guidelines
Authors: Christ‐Brendemühl Sonja 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAs generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is seen as a catalyst for a new learning and examination culture in higher education, it urges universities to reinvent themselves and to adapt to these changes effectively. By analysing the content of 67 university guidelines on generative AI, this study investigates how universities in Germany position themselves towards the rise of generative AI. Findings reveal that a majority of university guidelines explicitly permit both university lecturers and students to engage with generative AI, emphasising the importance of building AI literacy among both groups and preparing students for changing demands in the world of work. Importantly, 56.7% of university guidelines posit that the opportunities of generative AI for higher education outweigh the risks, underscoring the potential transformative impact on teaching and research. In addition, the results of a workshop with 25 faculty members were scrutinised to deepen and specify the findings of the content analysis.
Healthcare Students' Exposure to Sexual Violence During Clinical Placements in Spain: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Rifà‐Ros Rosa , Rodriguez‐Monforte Miriam , Carrillo‐Alvarez Elena , Costa‐Tutusaus Lluis , Comes‐Forastero Mercè , Martin‐Arribas Anna , Reyes‐Vizacarro Marta , Gasch‐Gallen Angel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTData from international investigations indicate that gender‐based violence is a phenomenon that also occurs in the university environment. Despite the fact that clinical learning environments have been widely studied, little attention has been paid to sexual violence in the clinical placement setting of Health Sciences students. Consequently, the aim of this study was to describe situations and/or behaviours of harassment, such as assault and/or sexual abuse experienced by the students of one university in Barcelona, Spain, during their clinical placements. A cross‐sectional study was conducted using an ad‐hoc online questionnaire. A convenience sample was used including bachelor's degree students as subjects during their clinical placements in the second half of 2022. A total of 156 responses were collected from the students of four degrees (Nursing, Physiotherapy, Nutrition and Dietetics and Pharmacy). Of the total results collected, 74.5% (117) corresponded to women and the remaining 25.5% (40) to men. 71.3% of students reported that they had experienced one (or more) of the 25 types of conduct described in the questionnaire at some time. The behaviours of social interaction with sexual content and sexual harassment in the placement setting showed that such behaviours were mostly experienced by women on the Nursing degree. In relation to the perpetrators of such behaviours, the respondents manifested that the greatest aggressor was a patient and that most of the aggression took place in hospitalisation units, rehabilitation centres and nursing homes. It is essential that academic institutions, in collaboration with health institutions, carry out joint actions, awareness‐raising, identification and interventions, with students, professionals and teams from a culture of non‐violence and the eradication of sexual harassment in academic placements.
Repealing the Eighth Amendment: Counter Stories and Storytelling for Resistance, Empowerment and Social Change in Irish Reproductive Politics
Authors: Bolt Rebecca , O'Leary Susan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the pivotal role played by counter accounts in reshaping public sentiment and disrupting the power and reach of hegemonic discourse. While prior scholarship has largely focused on the emergence of counter accounts as alternative perspectives to dominant and institutionalised narratives, we highlight the prevalence and significant influence of institutionalised public narratives, which tend to become deeply ingrained in the collective public consciousness of society. These narratives often go unquestioned and unchallenged. Consequently, when attempting to reshape public discourse and people's perspectives on a particular issue, the focus is often not on countering the content of the hegemonic account itself, but on how to challenge the widespread acceptance and power that this narrative holds in various forms that limit the potential for alternative viewpoints to gain traction. Our empirical investigation centres on counter accounts that emerged within the ‘Together for Yes’ (TfY) and Repeal the Eighth campaigns in Ireland where we investigated how counter accounts that draw on the private experiences of women's reproductive rights engendered public solidarity in addressing deeply personal issues and transgressed the prevalence of institutionalised narratives on abortion. Drawing on the insights of bell hooks (1989; 1990; 1992; 1994), we find that this takes place in the form of stories and storytelling, that do not directly confront or deconstruct the narratives promoted by dominant institutions but instead aim to address the underlying dynamics and consequences generated by the very existence of these institutionalised narratives within the public sphere. hooks' work underscores the transformative potential of storytelling, which immerses audiences in the intricacies of narratives, fostering perceptual shifts and challenging preconceived notions. Our findings highlight stories and storytelling as a potent tool for countering the omnipresence of hegemonic discourse by specifically challenging the dynamics of silence, dehumanisation, stigma, and shame perpetuated by institutionalised narratives concerning women's reproductive rights.
Modulation of Haemostatic Balance in Combined von Willebrand Disease and Antithrombin Deficiency: A Comprehensive Family Study
Authors: Pezeshkpoor Behnaz , Fischer Ronald , Preisler Barbara , Hartlieb Katrin , Rühl Heiko , Müller Jens , Horneff Silvia , Marquardt Natascha , Pavlova Anna , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMaintaining the balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors is essential for effective haemostasis. Emerging evidence suggests a modulation of bleeding tendency by factors in the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems.AimThis study investigates the clinical and laboratory characteristics of a family with combined von Willebrand disease (VWD) and antithrombin (AT) deficiency.MethodsThe study focused on a 38‐year‐old female index patient (IP) with severe type 3 VWD and a history of bleeding disorders. Coagulation assays included VWF antigen, platelet‐dependent VWF activity, factor VIII activity, thrombin generation assay (TGA) and AT activity. Molecular genetic analyses were conducted by a targeted DNA custom next generation sequencing (NGS) panel.ResultsThe IP and one of her sisters suffered type 3 VWD. While the IP presents with a classical severe bleeding phenotype, the sister (II‐2) exhibited less severe bleeding symptoms. Extended family members showed type 1 VWD with mild presentations. NGS revealed a homozygous deletion of exon 6 in the VWF gene in the IP and her sister (II‐2). All other family members carry this genetic variant in a heterozygous state. Additionally, II‐2 has a heterozygous variant in the SERPINC1 gene (c.133C>T, p.Arg45Trp). Both IP and II‐2 carry a homozygous prothrombin G20210A variant. TGA results indicated reduced thrombin generation in severe VWD patients, with a pronounced thrombin burst in those with the AT and prothrombin G20210A variant.ConclusionsAT deficiency appears to modulate bleeding symptoms in severe VWD. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive genetic and phenotypic evaluation in managing complex coagulation disorders.
Is Anybody Watching Me? Effects of Information About Evaluators on Applicants' Use of Impression Management in Asynchronous Video Interviews
Authors: Orji Koralie , Roulin Nicolas , Bangerter Adrian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAsynchronous video interviews (AVIs) are widely used in hiring, but the lack of social presence (e.g., uncertainty about the identity of evaluators) may hinder effective impression management (IM) for applicants. This study examined whether providing information about evaluators facilitates applicant IM use in AVIs, specifically ingratiation or self‐promotion. It also explored the experience involved in applicants' response generation. In a mock AVI, 160 participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (with or without information about the evaluator). They reported their thoughts after watching their interview recordings. Providing information about the evaluator enhanced ingratiation but did not affect self‐promotion. Qualitative analyses revealed that participants with evaluator information were more likely to reference organizational values and align themselves with the evaluator, whereas those without it concentrated more on demonstrating their job‐relevant skills. Participants' reported thoughts and emotions suggested that formulating suitable answers and interacting with a computer represent major concerns.
A Conceptual Framework to Improve Resilience Among Undergraduate First‐Year Nursing Students: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Gause Gopolang , Sehularo Leepile Alfred , Matsipane Molekodi Jacob 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIt is generally presumed that most undergraduate first‐year nursing students are not prepared for the transition from basic to higher education. Resilience is recommended as a viable coping strategy that acts as a buffer to the adversities that undergraduate first‐year nursing students experience. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a conceptual framework to improve resilience among undergraduate first‐year nursing students at a South African university. A multiphase concurrent mixed‐methods research design was followed through concept analysis, and the empirical, development and validation phases. Development and validation of a conceptual framework were guided by Dickoff et al.'s practice‐oriented theory model and e‐Delphi, respectively. Data used for development of the conceptual framework were gathered from undergraduate first‐year nursing students from two campuses of a South African university, while national and international experts in nursing education were used to validate a conceptual framework. The conceptual framework developed shows that the undergraduate first‐year nursing students are at the centre of four contexts, namely South African university, work‐integrated clinical facilities, the South African Nursing Council and South African higher education. The conceptual framework includes collaboration of stakeholders, mentoring and debriefing. The guiding principles of the conceptual framework encompass strengthening internal resources and establishment of a support group to achieve the terminus, which is characterised by undergraduate nursing students' improved transition from basic to higher education. In conclusion, the newly developed conceptual framework has the potential to improve resilience among undergraduate first‐year nursing students.
Authentic Nursing Leadership and Safety Climate Across Hospital Settings During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Bernardes Andrea , Dias Bruna Moreno , de Moura André Almeida , Morcelli Lorena Maria Barcellos , Gardim Lucas , Araújo Agostinho A. C. , Gabriel Carmen Silvia , Cummings Greta G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo analyse the relationship between authentic nursing leadership and safety climates across hospital settings during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundAuthentic nursing leadership shapes the safety climate by fostering positive perceptions of workplace policies, processes, procedures and practices that influence how safety is prioritised and addressed within an organisation.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsOur study was conducted from December 2021 to December 2022 in six Brazilian hospitals. Participants were nursing staff working in General Medicine Units, Intensive Care Units (ICU) and Emergency Departments (ED) who provided care to patients with COVID‐19. The Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire were used to measure nursing staff perceptions of authentic leadership and safety climates. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results391 nursing staff across six hospitals participated. Self‐awareness significantly enhanced perceptions of the safety climates. Additionally, being a Registered Nurse and working in the ICU were positively associated with achieving safe climates in the working environment. In contrast, working in EDs was significantly negatively related to safety climates.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic underscored a lack of authentic nursing leadership and unsafe climates. Therefore, it is critical to implement educational strategies that foster authentic leadership, particularly focusing on self‐awareness, to promote more positive safety climates. Ensuring that leadership and safety climates are relationship‐focused is critical to enhancing patient outcomes.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareNursing staff's perceptions of authentic leadership and safety climates are important in making more informed decisions about patient management.ImpactSince self‐awareness increases positive perceptions of safety climates, nursing staff should exercise it to guide their actions in facing future health crises.Reporting MethodSTROBE guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionHigher self‐awareness in relationships with others is a predictor of safety climates and can lead to enhanced patient outcomes.
Feasibility of Atrial Substrate Mapping During Atrial Pacing and Its Impact on the Omnipolar Voltage and the Peak‐Frequency of Electrograms
Authors: Shigeta Takatoshi , Takigawa Masateru , Ikenouchi Takashi , Negishi Miho , Yamamoto Tasuku , Goto Kentaro , Nishimura Takuro , Tao Susumu , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAtrial pacing maps are often used as substitutes for sinus rhythm (SR) maps to expedite mapping procedures. However, the impact of this method on electrophysiological parameters has not been systematically examined. This study aimed to elucidate the advantages and limitations of atrial pacing maps.Methods and ResultsIn 21 patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, left atrial (LA) substrate maps using an HD‐grid catheter were performed during SR, and pacing from the sinus‐node region with cycle lengths (CLs) of 300 ms (SN‐P300) and 600 ms (SN‐P600). Mapping time, omnipolar voltage, peak‐frequency of electrograms, and global LA activation time were compared among the three maps. The SR‐map more frequently required automap‐setting changes (p < 0.01), and one SR‐map was not completed due to CL‐fluctuation. Compared to SR, mapping time significantly decreased (833 [702–1097] seconds for SR vs. 615 [530–700] seconds for SN‐P600 and 463 [404–542] seconds for SN‐P300, p < 0.01). Mean voltage and peak‐frequency of electrograms significantly decreased in SN‐P600 and SN‐P300 (mean voltage: 2.5 [2.1–3.2] mV for SR vs. 2.3 [2.1–2.8] mV for SN‐P600 and 2.2 [2.0–2.7] mV for SN‐P300, p < 0.01; mean peak‐frequency: 308 [299–325] Hz for SR vs. 303 [288–314] Hz for SN‐P600 and 281 [258–295] Hz for SN‐P300, p < 0.01). The wavefront collision site shifted in 3/20 (15%) between SR and SN‐P600, remaing within 30° along the mitral annulus, but this shift reached 9/20 (45%) between SR and SN‐P300, including one patient showing a shift up to 60°.ConclusionSN‐P maps provide faster, higher‐resolution substrate maps, but the amplitude and frequency of electrograms may be reduced as the CL shortens. Maps with SN‐P600 may be acceptable, maintaining electrophysiological information in SR.
Targeting the GDF15 Signalling for Obesity Treatment: Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges
Authors: Zhang Jincheng , Sun Jingquan , Li Jielang , Xia Hongwei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)–glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha‐like (GFRAL) pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, appetite and body weight control. Obesity is an increasingly prevalent chronic disease worldwide, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted that targeting the GDF15‐GFRAL signalling pathway is a promising approach for treating obesity, particularly because it has minimal impact on skeletal muscle mass, which is essential to preserve during weight loss. Given its distinctive mechanisms, the GDF15‐GFRAL axis represents an attractive target for addressing various metabolic disorders, especially obesity. In this review, we will explore how the GDF15‐GFRAL axis is regulated, its distribution in the body and its role in the regulation of metabolism, appetite and obesity. Additionally, we will discuss recent advances and potential challenges in targeting the GDF15‐GFRAL axis for obesity treatment.
Ether‐Linked Glycerophospholipids Are Potential Chemo‐Desensitisers and Are Associated With Overall Survival in Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Su Yu‐Ting , Chang Wei‐Chun , Chen Lumin , Yu Ying‐Chun , Lin Wen‐Jen , Lin Jheng‐You , Cheng Wei‐Chung , Yang Juan‐Cheng , Hung Yao‐Ching , Ma Wen‐Lung 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLipid reprogramming in carcinoma is reported to have a role in carcinogenesis, prognosis and therapy response. The lipid reprogramming could be contributed by either autonomous or nonautonomous resources. Since the nonautonomous lipid resources contributed by lipoproteins and their receptors have been reported in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the impact of autonomous lipid metabolites was unknown. This report revealed a unique lipid class, ether‐linked phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine (PE O–), which enhances chemo‐insensitivity and progression in EOC and potentially cross carcinomas. Analysis of CCLEC/GDSCC database and in‐house cell line lipidomes identified PE O– as the major lipid associated with cisplatin/paclitaxel sensitivity. In the testing of PE O– effect on cancer phenotypes, it enhanced cell growth, migratory activities and promoted cisplatin/paclitaxel insensitivity. In addition, treating AGPS inhibitor‐sensitised chemo‐cytotoxic upon cisplatin/paclitaxel treatments. Treating PE O– could reverse AGPS inhibitor chemosensitisation effect on EOC cells. At last, using TCGA‐EOC transcriptome database, the PE O– related gene expressions were positive correlated with patient prognosis in general, or in whom were treated with platin‐ or taxel‐based chemotherapies. The expressions of genes for the synthesis of PE O– aggravates therapy response in EOC patients. PE O– facilitates human carcinoma cell line growth, mobility and chemo‐insensitivity.