bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Corneal Haze Using an Ablation Depth/Corneal Thickness Ratio After Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis
Authors: Lin Ning , Yee Steven B , Mitra Shrabanee , Chuang Alice Z , Yea Richard W 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of ablation depth/corneal thickness (AD/CT) ratio to predict corneal haze after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) using a retrospective, comparative, interventional case series.
METHODS: Fifty patients (90 eyes; mean age 40.9 years) with myopia, hyperopia, and/or astigmatism underwent bilateral or unilateral LASEK for correction of refractive error. After epithelial flaps were created using an 18% alcohol solution, bilateral or unilateral LASEK was performed using the Alcon Autonomous LADARVision 4000 excimer laser. Visual acuity (best spectacle-corrected and uncorrected) and refractive error were measured before and after LASEK. Corneas were assessed by two independent evaluators under a slit-lamp biomicroscope with broad tangential illumination. The relative haze scale was quantitated: 0 (clear), 0.5+ (trace), 1+ (mild), 2+ (moderate), 3+ (marked), and 4+ (severe).
RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -5.46 ± 3.74 D (range -12.375 to +5.00 D), mean ablation depth was 93.04 ± 45.03 µm (range 21.2 to 207.2 µm), and mean AD/CT ratio was 0.18 ± 0.09 (range 0.04 to 0.41). Of 90 eyes, 40 eyes had a higher ablation depth (AD/CT ratio >0.18) and 50 eyes had a lower ablation depth (AD/CT ratio <0.18); 92.5% of eyes in the higher ratio group developed clinically significant haze (1+ or greater). In the lower ratio group, 94% of eyes developed no more than 1+ corneal haze, if any.
CONCLUSION: The ablation depth/corneal thickness ratio is useful for predicting corneal haze after LASEK. An AD/CT ratio of 0.18 or more suggests that patients have a high risk of developing clinically significant haze (1+ or more) after LASEK. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:797-802]
Wavefront Aberrations Associated With the Ferrara Intrastromal Corneal Ring in a Keratoconic Eye
Authors: Chalita Maria Regina , Krueger Ronald R 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe the optical implications of the aberration pattern of a keratoconic eye implanted with an intrastromal corneal ring (Ferrara ring).
METHODS: A 32-year-old man with bilateral keratoconus had a Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring implanted in his right eye. Surgery was uneventful and both uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected (BSCVA) visual acuity improved. Corneal topography was performed before and after surgery. Wavefront measurements were performed 1 month after the procedure in both eyes for comparison. The point spread function, modulation transfer function (MTF), and convolved acuity chart were analyzed.
RESULTS: The right eye-implanted with the intrastromal Ferrara ring-had high root-mean-square (RMS) values for higher order aberrations. The left eye-keratoconus without an intrastromal ring-had moderate values. Point spread function, MTF, and convolution acuity charts are presented for each eye, with the latter two showing improved visual function in the implanted eye, despite a higher aberration value.
CONCLUSION: The wavefront measurement device captured aberrations even in a highly aberrated eye. Despite better UCVA and BSCVA, the Ferrara ring notably increased higher order aberrations compared to the fellow eye, but with a more uniform central pattern. In this case, the larger RMS value was a poor predictor of good visual function; other metrics better predicted the patient's subjective response. Metrics other than RMS error may be necessary to better correlate aberration value with visual satisfaction in some eyes. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:823-830]
Surface Roughness After Excimer Laser Ablation Using a PMMA Model: Profilometry and Effects on Vision
Authors: Naroo Shehzad A , Charman W Neil 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To show that the limited quality of surfaces produced by one model of excimer laser systems can degrade visual performance with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) model.
METHODS: A range of lenses of different powers was ablated in PMMA sheets using five DOS-based Nidek EC-5000 laser systems (Nidek Technologies, Gamagori, Japan) from different clinics. Surface quality was objectively assessed using profilometry. Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity were measured through the lenses when their powers were neutralized with suitable spectacle trial lenses.
RESULTS: Average surface roughness was found to increase with lens power, roughness values being higher for negative lenses than for positive lenses. Losses in visual contrast sensitivity and acuity measured in two subjects were found to follow a similar pattern. Findings are similar to those previously published with other excimer laser systems.
CONCLUSIONS: Levels of surface roughness produced by some laser systems may be sufficient to degrade visual performance under some circumstances. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:260-268.]
Bilateral Giant Retinal Tear Following Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Navarro Rafael , Gris Oscar , Broc Laura , Corcóstegui Borja 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral giant retinal tear following posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation.
METHODS: A patient with an ocular history of retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tear 4 months after a bilateral PIOL implantation was referred with a macula on retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tear in the fellow eye. The patient underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade and an encircling buckle. Five months later, a lensectomy with phakic IOL and silicone oil removal were performed.
RESULTS: The retina was reattached and has remained stable during 3-year follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Although it is unclear whether retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tear following refractive procedures occurs within the normal incidence in myopic eyes, prophylactic measures are mandatory in high-risk fellow eyes. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:298-300.]
Wavefront Analysis in Normal Refractive Surgery Candidates
Authors: Netto Marcelo V , Ambrósio Renato , Shen Tueng T , Wilson Steven E 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To quantify the higher order aberrations of refractive surgery candidates and compare the wavefront-determined refractions with manifest refractions refined with a ±0.25 Jackson cross cylinder.
METHODS: Results of 226 consecutive patients (418 eyes) were analyzed with the WaveScan WavePrint system (VISX, Santa Clara, Calif). Only patients with normal eyes without previous surgery were included.
RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent refraction determined with wavefront analysis was -3.40±3.14 diopters (D) (range: -10.72 to +5.41 D). The largest amount of higher order aberrations was detected with a 6-mm pupil diameter (coma 0.14±0.08 µm; trefoil 0.10±0.07 µm; spherical aberrations 0.09±0.07 µm). The mean root-mean-square of higher order aberrations and total aberrations were 0.23 ±0.11 µm and 4.00 ± 2.45 µm, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was noted between higher order aberrations and gender (P=0.78) or between higher order aberration and refractive level (P>.59). The mean differences in spherical equivalent refraction, sphere, and cylinder between WaveScan measurements and manifest refraction were 0.36±0.41 D, 0.40±0.44 D, and 0.28±0.32 D, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides reference values for higher order aberrations in normal refractive surgery candidates. Wavefront analysis also proved to be a valuable tool for objectively measuring preoperative refractive error. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:332-338.]
Theoretical Effect of Changes in Entrance Pupil Magnification on Wavefront-guided Laser Refractive Corneal Surgery
Authors: Charman William N , Atchison David A 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To explore theoretically the effect on the correction of higher order aberrations of changes in the magnification between the aperture stop (iris) and entrance pupil of the eye, following myopic excimer laser ablation.
METHODS: Using a simple schematic eye model, paraxial calculations were made of the position and magnification of the entrance pupil of the eye as a function of the power of a myopic photorefractive keratectomy correction.
RESULTS: Corneal flattening following myopic corneal ablation results in a reduction in the magnification between the aperture stop (iris) and entrance pupil. This implies that an ablation designed to correct higher order errors on the basis of the preoperative wavefront aberration across the entrance pupil will result in an incomplete correction. Taking into account the fact that the total ocular aberration depends on the combined effects of all optical components of the eye, which are distributed in depth, rather than being associated simply with the anterior surface of the cornea, the exact effects depend on the methods used to measure the aberration and the distribution of the total aberration between the different components of the eye. The errors in correction increase with the magnitude of the myopic correction.
CONCLUSIONS: To minimize the postoperative higher order aberrations in higher amounts of myopia, it may be desirable to remeasure them after a first ablation to correct the second-order refractive errors and then to carry out a second ablation to correct the higher order aberrations. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:386-391.]
LASIK Risk Score: An Easy Method to Predict Postoperative Outcome
Authors: Najjar Dany M 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE: To present a simple model for assessing the risk score of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: The LASIK surgery risk score is a number attributed to every LASIK procedure and depends on the presence of individual variables that might add difficulty and increase the risk of the surgical procedure.
RESULTS: The score can vary from 1 to 14 with values between 1 and 4 considered low risk for complications, values between 5 and 9 moderate risk, and values above 10 high risk.
CONCLUSIONS: This scale gives a gross estimate of the surgical risk of the LASIK procedure and adds valuable information to the preoperative assessment. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:399-400.]
Phototherapeutic LASEK for a Persistent Epithelial Defect and a Recurrent Epithelial Erosion
Authors: Hondur Ahmet , Bilgihan Kamil , Hasanreisoglu Berati 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE: To present two patients, one with persistent epithelial defect and one with recurrent epithelial erosion, unresponsive to conventional therapy treated with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with the laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) technique (phototherapeutic LASEK).
METHODS: The epithelial flap was created following 18% ethanol application for 20 seconds. A 10-µm deep ablation was performed in the central 7.0-mm zone. A contact lens was placed and the patient examined daily until epithelial closure. Upon epithelial closure, the contact lens was removed. A mild topical steroid and artificial tears were applied for 2 weeks.
RESULTS: The epithelium healed in 4 days in both patients. Patients reported only mild pain until epithelial closure. The manifest refraction and uncorrected visual acuity remained unchanged in both eyes. No haze was noted. The first patient has remained asymptomatic without any recurrence for 12 months, and the second for 9 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Phototherapeutic LASEK provides a therapeutic option for refractory recurrent erosions and persistent epithelial defects, with the additional benefit of being less painful and less risky for haze development than conventional PTK. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:406-407.]
La nature artiste
Authors: Saison Maryvonne 
Published: December 2019

Mikel Dufrenne a croisé les principales problématiques qui ont traversé la seconde moitié du xxe siècle. Il les a considérées avec un regard attentif et critique, soucieux de tracer un chemin singulier mais désireux de s’inscrire dans une tradition de pensée philosophique spécifique et exigeante.

La réception de son œuvre pose question : encensée dans les années 1950, elle s’est progressivement réduite en France, notamment vers les années 1970, alors qu’elle fait l’objet aujourd’hui d’un regain d’intérêt. L’étude entend montrer que de telles fluctuations sont liées au malentendu qui fait de Dufrenne l’auteur d’un seul livre, la Phénoménologie de l’expérience esthétique,qui à lui seul ne rend pas compte de l’originalité de sa pensée.

Lire Dufrenne, c’est découvrir l’importance de sa réflexion éthique et politique et la stabilité d’une pensée dédiée à la défense des valeurs de « l’humain » et de « l’homme ». C’est aussi se livrer au plaisir de l’élaboration de fictions philosophiques répondant à la tentation de rationaliser une vision du monde par le biais d’une philosophie de la Nature relayée par la notion d’a priori. L’unité de cette œuvre réside dans l’hypothèse d’une Nature artiste que le philosophe veut penser dans le cadre d’une philosophie non théologique.
Claudel et la mise en scène : Autour de L’Annonce faite à Marie
Authors: Beretta Alain 
Published: December 2019

Le présent ouvrage évoque l’intérêt considérable éprouvé par Paul Claudel pour la mise en scène du texte théâtral, à l’occasion de sa première pièce jouée et longtemps portée en lui, L’Annonce faite à Marie. Organisée chronologiquement, l’étude montre comment, après avoir douté des vertus scéniques de sa pièce, l’auteur suit d’abord sa création par Lugné-Poe (1912), puis supervise la très originale mise en scène allemande de Hellerau (1913). Mais après ces brillants débuts, toutes les autres expériences scéniques de Claudel à propos de L’Annonce s’avèrent décevantes : soit elles se limitent à des projets qui avortent, soit elles n’aboutissent qu’à des satisfactions illusoires, pour se clore par l’incohérence de la mise en scène de la Comédie-Française en 1955, quelques jours avant la mort du dramaturge. Quoi qu’il en soit, ses engagements dans des spectacles très différents permettent de mettre en évidence de façon concrète et vivante ses idées sur la mise en scène et de faire revivre quelques moments forts de la vie théâtrale dans la première moitié du xxe siècle, à l’occasion de la fortune scénique d’une pièce majeure.
Sœurs de solitude : Maryse Condé et Simone Schwarz-Bart
Authors: Ildem Arzu 
Published: December 2019

Maryse Condé et Simone Schwarz-Bart sont deux écrivaines contemporaines qui ont laissé une forte empreinte dans la littérature francophone caribéenne. Les deux écrivaines sont guadeloupéennes : Maryse Condé qui est née en 1937 est d’un an l’aînée de Simone Schwarz-Bart. Maryse Condé vient de recevoir en 2018 le Prix Nobel alternatif de littérature. Simone Schwarz-Bart a écrit son premier roman en collaboration avec son mari André Schwarz-Bart dont le roman intitulé Le Dernier des Justes a reçu le Prix Goncourt en 1959. Simone Schwarz-Bart a signé de son nom deux romans, mais elle a aussi écrit trois romans en collaboration – écriture à quatre mains – avec son mari. Le but de cet article est d’étudier le sentiment de solitude chez les héroïnes de ces deux écrivaines. Leurs personnages féminins ont des vies tourmentées qui commencent en Guadeloupe et en Martinique avec leurs naissances. Les moments importants de l’histoire coloniale et postcoloniale jalonnent leurs vies qui continuent dans une géographie allant de Paris, l’ancienne métropole, à la ville du Cap en Afrique du Sud. Dans un monde nouvellement sorti de l’esclavage, seule l’éducation offre la possibilité de surmonter les séquelles du passé, mais malgré leurs efforts, les héroïnes des deux écrivaines souffrent de solitude.
Resolving the taxonomy of theMerodon dobrogensisspecies subgroup (Diptera: Syrphidae), with the description of a new species
Authors: Šašić Zorić Ljiljana , Ačanski Jelena , Vujić Ante , Ståhls Gunilla , Djan Mihajla , Radenković Snežana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe taxonomy ofMerodon dobrogensisBradescu, 1982 (Diptera: Syrphidae) species subgroup was reviewed. Multiple data sources (morphology, geometric morphometry of wings and surstylus, molecular data, and distributional data) were used to investigate the species subgroup in the manner of integrative taxonomy.Merodon dobrogensisBradescu, 1982 andM. puniceusVujić, Radenković, and Pérez-Bañón, 2011 are supported as distinct species belonging to theM. dobrogensisspecies complex within theM. dobrogensisspecies subgroup. Additionally, evidence is presented for the description of a new species,M. rojoiRadenković and Vujićnew species, with a distribution in mainland Greece, the Greek island Euboea, and the Peloponnese. A short diagnosis is provided for theM. aureusspecies group, theM. dobrogensisspecies subgroup, and the newly definedM. dobrogensisspecies complex, in addition to a description of the new species, with drawings and photographs of adult morphology.
Packaging Renaissance with Chiplets
Authors: BHAGAVAT MILIND 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With ever shrinking advanced CMOS nodes and evolution of systems with increasing complexity, the traditional SoC paradigm is facing extensive challenges in terms of yields and heterogeneity. The emerging industry solution to this has been to partition the SoCs into smaller units, with each unit performing a certain (though exclusive) function. This drove the birth of “chiplets”. With advent of chiplets, the traditional function of packaging as an after-thought to chip development has got a revolutionary face-lift. Packaging is now enabling interconnects to replace on-chip global interconnects. The onus now is on packaging to get the chiplets to integrate and communicate with each other such that the net performance is equivalent to or better than SoC. This has spawned a renaissance in field of semiconductor packaging, with newer multi-die packaging technologies being productized to realize newer and better interconnects. Some examples of these emerging technologies include advanced flip-chip, 2.5D, 2.1D, 3D, Wafer Level Fan-Out, and Bridge Technologies. AMD is at forefront of chiplet technologies, with extensive 7nm chiplet based product portfolio catering to the HPC market. This talk will discuss the current state of chiplet packaging technologies.
Psychotherapy trainees’ epistemological assumptions influencing research-practice integration
Authors: Negri Attà , Andreoli Giovanbattista , Belotti Luca , Barazzetti Arianna , Martin E. Hale 
Published: December 2019

Over the last few decades a growing number of psychotherapy scholars as well as psychotherapy researchers have joined a paradigm shift, moving from a reductionist to a complexity-oriented epistemology. Many authors recognize that when human subjectivity is the object of intervention and study, it is appropriate to resist simplification and to assume a more complex approach. While this paradigm shift is taking place not only in psychology but also in other disciplines, many psychotherapists still share the assumption that psychotherapy practice and psychotherapy research have opposite values; hence, they are worlds that cannot be reconciled. Considering this as one of the main reasons preventing a useful integration of evidence-based practice and clinical training in psychotherapy, we conducted an online survey of 126 Italian trainees from three differently-oriented psychotherapy institutes (cognitive-behavioral, relational-psychoanalytic and relational-systemic) to explore the epistemology underling the clinical and research practices. After presenting a clinical vignette, we asked questions about diagnostic considerations, case formulations, and treatment plans; we also asked questions about participants’ involvement in research projects or in research methodology courses and about willingness to be involved in future research studies in their clinical practice. We found some significant differences among trainees with different orientations, but in general most of the responses reflected a positivistic epistemology underlying both clinical and research activities. These findings suggest that a deeper awareness of one’s own epistemological assumptions could help trainees foster a more theory-coherent and research-informed clinical practice.
Serum soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 in ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Selvarajan Sathya , Ramalingam Jothimalar , Vijayaraghavan Jaya , Bobby Zachariah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
CONTEXT: The diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy (EP) requires the usage of serial beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurements and ultrasonography to locate the gestational sac. With the rising trends in its incidence, a rapid, noninvasive biomarker to detect this condition at the earliest can aid in decreasing the morbidity and mortality linked with EP.
AIMS: This study was performed to determine the serum level of soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) at 4–10-week gestation in EP and normal pregnancy and to identify whether it can be used as a biomarker to distinguish an EP from a normal intrauterine pregnancy.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a prospective case–control study conducted over 2 years from 2015 to 2017 in 280 women between the age groups of 19 and 38 years at a tertiary level hospital.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Levels of sFLT-1 in sera of 140 women with EP and 140 women with normal pregnancy were assayed by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software version 16.0, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The median sFLT-1 level in EP was 419 pg/ml. This was significantly lower than the value of 898 pg/ml in normal pregnancy. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that at a cutoff of 623 pg/ml, sFLT-1 was able to distinguish an EP from a normal intrauterine pregnancy with a sensitivity of 98.6% and a specificity of 90.7%.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed the significant early lowering of sFLT-1 in EP and may be considered as an effective biomarker compared to beta-hCG.