bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial ecology of invasive feral cats Felis catus on San Cristóbal, Galápagos: first insights from GPS collars
Authors: MacLeod A. , Cooke S. C. , Trillmich F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe dangers posed by invasive species for endemic island wildlife are well recognised. Introduced domestic cats (Felis catus) represent a significant threat to several endemic species of the Galápagos archipelago—including hatchling marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) and potentially green turtles (Chelonia mydas)—yet little is known about their spatial ecology and habitat use on these islands. Here, we describe a pilot study using GPS collars to track the movements of three feral cats at a site of conservation interest on San Cristóbal Island. Based on 175 days of GPS data, we undertook spatial analyses to ascertain home ranges, and to investigate the overlap of ranges between the cats and potential prey species. Average home range was 1.27 km2 (1.12–1.46 km2), which—though small for feral cats—is in keeping with previous findings in Galápagos. We found the cats did use the habitat of a small marine iguana population but did not change their spatial habits before and after iguana hatchlings appeared. Changes over time in the daily movements of one cat indicated a possible response of the individual to the presence of hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas); though the data here are insufficient to show whether the cat was hunting these hatchlings. We recommend similar work be undertaken in areas with larger marine iguana populations, where hatchlings could represent a potentially important food source for invasive feral cats, as well as further work to determine the threat posed by cats to turtle hatchlings in Galápagos.
Can ‘Civil Enterprises’ survive in the market? Some game theoretical considerations on the one-shot game
Authors: Müller Christian , Martino María Guadalupe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCivil enterprises (CEs) are firms whose main goal is to produce benefits for the community, working according to a logic of reciprocity. In this paper we discuss, from a game theoretical perspective, as to what extent it is possible for such enterprises to survive in competition with profit-maximizing firms in the marketplace, since market competition might take the form of a prisoner’s dilemma game, where the public good at stake is the commitment to moral rules. In those games cooperative strategies are strictly dominated by the defective behavior of the players, i.e. CEs would not survive while retaining their values. We argue that market competition is more appropriately modelled as an n-firm model and show that, given a sufficient number of CEs in the market, they can survive despite having to interact with for-profit firms, even when the game is played only once.
Die Themen der »Populisten«
Authors: Poier Klaus , Saywald-Wedl Sandra , Unger Hedwig 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag widmet sich den bislang in der Forschung wenig beachteten Themen populistischer Parteien. Auf der Grundlage eines theoretischen Beitrags zur Definition von Populismus präsentiert der Artikel die Ergebnisse einer Medienanalyse nationaler Wahlkämpfe (2011 bis 2013) in fünf ausgewählten Ländern hinsichtlich der Themen, mit denen die acht untersuchten populistischen Parteien jeweils in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Diese stützen insbesondere die These einer »dünnen Ideologie« populistischer Parteien.
The carbon dioxide removal potential of Liquid Air Energy Storage: A high-level technical and economic appraisal
Authors: Lockley Andrew , von Hippel Ted 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is at pilot scale. Air cooling and liquefaction stores energy; reheating revaporises the air at pressure, powering a turbine or engine (Ameel et al., 2013). Liquefaction requires water & CO2 removal, preventing ice fouling. This paper proposes subsequent geological storage of this CO2 - offering a novel Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) by-product, for the energy storage industry. It additionally assesses the scale constraint and economic opportunity offered by implementing this CDR approach. Similarly, established Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) uses air compression and subsequent expansion. CAES could also add CO2scrubbing and subsequent storage, at extra cost. CAES stores fewer joules per kilogram of air than LAES - potentially scrubbing more CO2 per joule stored. Operational LAES/CAES technologies cannot offer full-scale CDR this century (Stocker et al., 2014), yet they could offer around 4% of projected CO2 disposals for LAES and < 25% for current-technology CAES. LAES CDR could reach trillion-dollar scale this century (20 billion USD/year, to first order). A larger, less certain commercial CDR opportunity exists for modified conventional CAES, due to additional equipment requirements. CDR may be commercially critical for LAES/CAES usage growth, and the necessary infrastructure may influence plant scaling and placement. A suggested design for low-pressure CAES theoretically offers global-scale CDR potential within a century (ignoring siting constraints) - but this must be costed against competing CDR and energy storage technologies.
Analysis of forward approach for upper bounding end-to-end transmission delays over distributed real-time avionics networks
Authors: Xu Q. , Yang X. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTDistributed real-time avionics networks have been subjected to a great evolution in terms of functionality and complexity. A direct consequence of this evolution is a continual growth of data exchange. AFDX standardised as ARINC 664 is chosen as the backbone network for those distributed real-time avionics networks as it offers high throughput and does not require global clock synchronisation. For certification reasons and engineering research, a deterministic upper bound of the end-to-end transmission delay for packets of each flow should be guaranteed. The Forward Approach (FA) is proposed for the computation of the worst-case end-to-end transmission delay. This approach iteratively estimates the maximum backlog (amount of the pending packets) in each visited switch along the transmission path, and the worst-case end-to-end transmission delay can be computed. Although it is pessimistic (overestimated), the Forward Approach can provide a tighter upper bound of the end-to-end transmission delay while considering the serialisation effect. Recently, our research finds the computation of the serialisation effect might induce an optimistic (underestimated) upper bound. In this paper, we analyse the pessimism in the Forward Approach and the optimism induced by the computation of the serialisation effect, and then we provide a new computation of the serialisation effect. We compare this new computation with the original one, the experiments show that the new computation reduces the optimism and the upper bound of the end-to-end transmission delay can be computed more accurately.
Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of invasive Eurasian (Myriophyllum spicatum) and hybrid (Myriophyllum spicatum×Myriophyllum sibiricum) watermilfoil
Authors: Thum Ryan A. , Chorak Gregory M. , Newman Raymond M. , Eltawely Jasmine A. , Latimore Jo , Elgin Erick , Parks Syndell 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPopulation genetic studies of within- and among-population genetic variability are still lacking for managed submerged aquatic plant species, and such studies could provide important information for managers. For example, the extent of within-population genetic variation may influence the potential for managed populations to locally adapt to environmental conditions and control tactics. Similarly, among-population variation may influence whether specific control tactics work equally effectively in different locations. In the case of invasive Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatumL.), including interspecific hybrids with native northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricumKom.), managers recognize that there is genetic variation for growth and herbicide response. However, it is unclear how much overall genetic variation there is, and how it is structured within and among populations. Here, we studied patterns of within- and among-lake genetic variation in 41 lakes in Michigan and 62 lakes in Minnesota using microsatellite markers. We found that within-lake genetic diversity was generally low, and among-lake genetic diversity was relatively high. However, some lakes were genetically diverse, and some genotypes were shared across multiple lakes. For genetically diverse lakes, managers should explicitly recognize the potential for genotypes to differ in control response and should account for this in monitoring and efficacy evaluation and using pretreatment herbicide screens to predict efficacy. Similarly, managers should consider differences in genetic composition among lakes as a source of variation in the growth and herbicide response of lakes with similar control tactics. Finally, laboratory or field information on control efficacy from one lake may be applied to other lakes where genotypes are shared among lakes.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a moderator of early maltreatment effects on later externalizing problems
Authors: Tabachnick Alexandra R. , Moore Christina , Raby K. Lee , Goldstein Alison , Zajac Lindsay , Dozier Mary 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhysiological regulation may interact with early experiences such as maltreatment to increase risk for behavior problems. In the current study, we investigate the role of parasympathetic nervous system regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] at rest and in response to a frustration task) as a moderator of the association between early risk for maltreatment (i.e., involvement with Child Protective Services; CPS) and externalizing behavior problems in middle childhood. CPS involvement was associated with elevated externalizing problems, but only among children with average to high RSA at rest and average to high RSA withdrawal in response to frustration. Effects appeared to be specific to CPS involvement as the association between cumulative risk (i.e., nonmaltreatment experiences of early adversity) and externalizing problems was not significantly moderated by RSA activity. These findings are consistent with the theoretical idea that the consequences of early maltreatment for later externalizing behavior problems depend on children's biological regulation abilities.
Thinking spatially: new horizons for urban history
Authors: Rodger Richard , Rau Susanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new opportunity, and a new challenge, presents itself to urban historians. In order to obtain a deeper understanding of historical urban space and spatial relationships, the contributors to this Special Issue deploy new techniques of spatial analysis using mapping tools to explore the density, frequency and proximity of various features of towns and cities. The contributors focus on case-studies at various urban scales – from major commercial centres (New York, Rome, Paris and London) – to smaller towns in the urban hierarchy. They also range across the tenth to the twentieth centuries and so challenge a common assumption that mapping the town is essentially an approach best suited to the modern period. Individually and collectively, the authors demonstrate how the urban morphology of the city developed and how durable that spatial patterning can be.
Sentiment analysis in Turkish: Supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised techniques
Authors: Aydın Cem Rıfkı , Güngör Tunga 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough many studies on sentiment analysis have been carried out for widely spoken languages, this topic is still immature for Turkish. Most of the works in this language focus on supervised models, which necessitate comprehensive annotated corpora. There are a few unsupervised methods, and they utilize sentiment lexicons either built by translating from English lexicons or created based on corpora. This results in improper word polarities as the language and domain characteristics are ignored. In this paper, we develop unsupervised (domain-independent) and semi-supervised (domain-specific) methods for Turkish, which are based on a set of antonym word pairs as seeds. We make a comprehensive analysis of supervised methods under several feature weighting schemes. We then form ensemble of supervised classifiers and also combine the unsupervised and supervised methods. Since Turkish is an agglutinative language, we perform morphological analysis and use different word forms. The methods developed were tested on two datasets having different styles in Turkish and also on datasets in English to show the portability of the approaches across languages. We observed that the combination of the unsupervised and supervised approaches outperforms the other methods, and we obtained a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art results for both Turkish and English.
Impact of changes to the Child and Adult Care Food Program on children’s dietary intake in family child care homes
Authors: Kenney Erica L , Poole Mary Kathryn , Cory Hannah , Cradock Angie L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To estimate the impact of recent changes to the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) meal pattern on young children’s diets in family child care homes (FCCHs) serving racially/ethnically diverse children.Design:In a natural experimental study of thirteen CACFP-participating FCCHs, we used digital photographs taken of children’s plates before and after meals matched with menus to measure children’s dietary intake both prior to implementation of the new meal patterns (summer/fall of 2017) and again 1 year later (summer/fall of 2018). Generalised estimating equations tested for change in intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, 100 % juice, grain-based desserts, meat/meat alternates and milk, adjusting for clustering of observations within providers.Setting:FCCHs in Boston, MA, USA.Participants:Three- to 5-year-old children attending FCCHs.Results:We observed 107 meals consumed by twenty-eight children at the thirteen FCCHs across an average of 2·5 (sd 1·3) d before the CACFP policy change, and 239 meals consumed by thirty-nine children across 3·8 d (sd 1·4) 1 year later. During lunch, fruit intake increased by about a third of a serving (+0·38 serving, 95 % CI 0·04, 0·73, P = 0·03), and whole grain intake increased by a half serving (+0·50 serving, 95 % CI 0·19, 0·82, P = 0·002). No changes were seen in other meal components.Conclusion:Young children’s dietary intake in CACFP-participating FCCHs improved following the CACFP meal pattern change, particularly for fruits and whole grains, which were targets of the new policy. Additional research should examine impacts of the changes in other child care settings, age groups and locales.
Prevalence of malnutrition among children and women of reproductive age in Uruguay by socio-economic status and educational level
Authors: Medina Mercedes , Barreto Patricia , Natero Virginia , Moratorio Ximena , Severi Cecilia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To describe the magnitude and distribution of malnutrition in all forms (stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity) by level of education and socio-economic status (SES).Design:Representative data from three national surveys were used: the socio-economic characteristics of Uruguayan households the 2012–2013; the Survey of Child Health, Nutrition and Development and the Survey of Chronic Disease Risks. We defined overweight, obesity, wasting/underweight and stunting/short stature according to WHO criteria. We conducted a comparison between malnutrition prevalence values per SES and education level.Setting:In total, 1 183 177 households were surveyed, including 2265 children’s and 752 women’s households, forming a nationally representative sample in urban areas with more than 5000 habitants.Participants:A total of 3079 children aged <4 years from the National Survey of Child Health, Nutrition and Development 2013 and 752 women aged 20–49 years from the National Survey of Chronic Disease Risks 2013 were included.Results:Among children aged <4 years, stunting and overweight disproportionately affected low-wealth groups, with 5·45 % of children in the lower income tertile and 3·44 % in the upper tertile presenting stunting (P < 0·05). Overweight and obesity were higher in the third tertile of income. Among the women, 54·8 % (95 % CI 48·0, 61·6) had excess weight (overweight and obesity) and significant differences were found between those with the lowest and highest levels of SES. Regarding excess weight with respect to educational level, significant differences were also found between the low and high levels and between the medium and high levels.Conclusions:In Uruguay, there are slight differences in the prevalence of all forms of malnutrition according to SES and education levels in the populations considered. Excess weight in children and women poses the greatest public health nutritional challenge at all levels of SES and education. The fact that more educated mothers are more overweight differs from the findings in other countries and should be studied in more detail. Stunting in children is also important, requiring more focused interventions. Notably, excess weight is higher in more educated mothers, a fact that differs from other countries. Further analysis is important to understand this discrepancy.
Stress Sensitivity of Instantaneous Dynamic Triggering of Shallow Slow Slip Events
Authors: Katakami Satoshi , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Ito Yoshihiro , Araki Eiichiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDynamic triggering of large, detectable slow slip events (SSEs) is rarely observed, even though regional earthquakes often trigger tectonic tremors and very low frequency earthquakes. In this study, we investigate stress sensitivity of dynamic triggering of shallow SSEs in the Nankai Trough offshore of Kii Peninsula, Japan. We first identify additional shallow SSEs that have not been reported in previous studies and obtain a 15‐year‐long catalog of SSEs, some of which are triggered by passing seismic waves originating from large regional earthquakes. We then quantify dynamic and static stress perturbations on the plate interface induced by 19 candidate regional earthquakes using numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation. We find that SSE propensity to dynamic triggering depends mainly on the maximum Coulomb stress change and that relatively large dynamic stresses (>10–20 kPa) are needed to trigger a shallow SSE in the Nankai Trough. Regional earthquakes that can induce such large amplitude of dynamic stresses on the plate interface are relatively rare, which might explain the scarcity of dynamic triggering of large, detectable SSEs along the Nankai as well as other subduction zones. In addition, our analysis suggests that intraslab earthquakes can efficiently trigger SSEs in subduction zones via less‐attenuated, slab‐guided waves. Moreover, our results support the idea that an accretionary wedge in subduction zones promotes the dynamic triggering of shallow SSEs.
On the Predictability and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone: Nargis (2008)
Authors: K U Jayakrishnan , Kutty Govindan , George Babitha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe predictability of tropical cyclone (TC) Nargis formed over the Bay of Bengal is explored using ensemble forecasts initialized from Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) DA system in Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The unusual eastward recurvature followed by the weakening and rapid intensification of Nargis is investigated in this study. The ensemble members display an early recurvature when compared to Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best track estimate and indicate a large uncertainty in the prediction of landfall location, which is far north of the actual landfall location. Additionally, the ensemble forecasts depict a rapid movement of TC as compared to the best track estimate. Further investigation on the dynamics of faster movement of TC reveals that the ensemble members with faster (slower) moving TC is associated with stronger (weaker) steering wind. It appears that the early recurvature of Nargis is also associated with strong steering flow in the ensemble forecasts. A few ensemble members could capture the short period weakening of Nargis after initial intensification. The analysis of ensemble forecasts indicates that the weakening of Nargis is associated with the development of a weak vortex to the northeast of the storm center. While the coarser resolution ensemble forecast simulates the rapid intensification (RI) phase in 1 out of the 80 ensemble members, the ensemble simulations performed on convection‐permitting resolution have enhanced the probability of simulating RI phase of Nargis.
Drought Cycles Over the Last 8,200 Years Recorded in Maar Lake Twintaung, Myanmar
Authors: Chu Guoqiang , Zhu Qingzeng , Sun Qing , Su Youliang , Xie Manman , Zaw Than , Sein Kyaing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe tropical Asian regions are particularly prone to catastrophic droughts due to high temperature and evaporation and their sensitivity to variable oceanic‐atmospheric circulation. The extent to which future global warming may intensify droughts in this populous region is a matter of utmost concern. Palaeoclimatic data can help inform scientists learn more about the temporal patterns and drivers of monsoon change over geological timescales. In this paper, we present a new 8,200 year biomarker record preserved in the annually laminated sediments of Maar Lake Twintaung, Myanmar. The δ13C27‐35sedimentary record is mainly derived from leaf wax lipids in the lake catchment, which is presently dominated by C3vegetation in the modern lake catchment. The δ13C27‐35is mainly regulated by plant physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress and, as such, can be used as a proxy of past changes in moisture. The δ13C27–35record reveals distinct decadal‐to‐centennial‐scale droughts superimposed on a trend of gradually decreasing summer monsoon intensity from the mid‐Holocene to late Holocene. Within the limits of the dating uncertainties, these decadal‐to‐centennial‐scale droughts are found to be well correlated with the southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. It highlights the importance of the Intertropical Convergence Zone shift (tropical monsoon trough) in regulating monsoon rainfall in the region. In addition, most of the droughts are likely to be linked with active volcanism and solar minima and suggest a coupled process between external drivers and internal climate dynamics.