bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ألمجتمع العراقي وشخصيته بين الاتجاهات المادية ومنظومته القيمية قراءة في الانثروبولوجيا النقدية
Authors: الحسني د. احمد عبد الرضا 
Published: April 2020

الملخص :-
جاءت هذه الدراسة للوقوف على بعض الرؤى والقراءات التي تبنيت من قبل الوردي وابراهيم الحيدري وسيار الجميل ، ومناقشة بعض من جزئياتها نقدا وتحليلا مستعينة بنفس المنهجية التي اعتمدها اولئك الباحثون ومنهما المنهجين الوصفي والنقدي التحليلي ، مع استخدام الادوات الانثروبولوجية كالملاحظة بالمشاهدة والمشاركة والمقابلات والاخباريين فضلا عن المصادر والمراجع المعنية بهذا الموضوع ، وقد تضمنت الدراسة الوقوف على بعض من المفاهيم المتعلقة بالنسيج والبنية الاجتماعية للمجتمع العراقي عرضا وتحليلا ،مع استعراض موجز لبعض من المكونات الدينية والعرقية ، فضلا عن التركيز على مناقشة متبنيات الوردي والجميل والحيدري والتي تشكل الركيزة المنهجية للبحث ، مع مراعاة ان بعض النصوص المنقولة والاراء المطروحة لم يتم وتكرارها والأشارة الى مصادرها كونها باتت معروفة ومنسوبة الى قائليها ، ولذا تمت الاشارة الى ان هذه الفرضيات والآراء قد إستعرضتها ودونتها جملة من مؤلفاتهم ومصادرهم المشهورة بين أوساطننا العلمية والاكاديمية، كما في مؤلفات الوردي في لمحاته ، ودراسة في طبيعة المجتمع العراقي وقبله الشخصية العراقية ، ولذا وجب التنويه لذلك . ان دراستنا الحالية وفي مصاف مناقشتها ونقدها لبعض الطروحات الواردة في متنها ( مع ملاحظة ان التعليقات الواردة في متن الدراسة ومناقشة بعض النصوص قد وضعت بين هلالين "قوسين")فهي اعتمدت الى جانب البعد المادي الجانب القيمي والأخلاقي التي هي من السمات الشخصية والبنيوية لمجتمع الدراسة مع ملاحظة اللّمم من الموروث الاجتماعي الذي نسب بهتانا الى الحضارة الاسلامية.
Neuropatía periférica diabética en el Ambulatorio Urbano Tipo II Dr. Gualdrón de Barquisimeto, Venezuela
Authors: Agobian Georges , Traviezo Valles Luis Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La neuropatía periférica diabética fue caracterizada en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, del Ambulatorio Urbano Tipo II Dr. Gualdrón de Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Método: Estudio descriptivo observacional, la muestra fue no probabilística, accidental, conformada por los primeros 60 pacientes que otorgaron su consentimiento informado, se aplicó The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Resultados: Se detectó neuropatía periférica diabética en el 60% de los pacientes, de estos el 33,3% mostraba síntomas, 83,3% presentaban alteración en la apariencia de los pies, 11,1% ulceración en los pies, 55,6% reflejos aquilianos reforzados y 19,4% ausencia de los mismo. La percepción vibratoria del Hallux 13,9% estaba reducida y en 47,2% ausente. La sensibilidad al monofilamento en 38,9% estaba reducida y en 19,4% ausente. Asimismo el 78,3% correspondieron al sexo masculino, el 88,9% al grupo ≥ 70 años, el 63,6% señalan 10 o más años como diabéticos y el 63% no tenían adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusiones: Se evidencia que la frecuencia de neuropatía periférica diabética es elevada, siendo mayor en hombres y en el grupo ≥ de 70 años, las principales lesiones identificadas fueron anormalidad en el aspecto de los pies y alteraciones de la sensibilidad. Ante tal problema de salud es necesario establecer acciones preventivas encaminadas a evitar el deterioro en la calidad de vida del paciente. Por ello es importante este tipo de valoración para evitar complicaciones.
The Salaries of Teachers in English Canada, 1900-1940: A Reappraisal
Authors: Gidney R. D. , Millar W. P.J. 
Published: April 2020

Any student of Canadian education during the first half of the twentieth century has encountered the belief, common among those engaged in the educational enterprise and sometimes shared by others, that teachers were badly paid for their work. Though not a universal assessment, a similar view has also dominated the historiography. This interpretation, we think, is overdue for revision. In this article we address two central questions. One focuses more narrowly on teachers' salaries per se: how much, on average, did teachers earn, and how did this change over time? The other asks, just how good or bad were their salaries compared to those of other people in the Canadian workforce? We tackle these questions on a Canada-wide basis, excluding only the province of Quebec, and over an extended period, covering the first four decades of the century.
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Parmi les chercheurs et les étudiants intéressés par l’histoire de l’éducation canadienne pour la première moitié du vingtième siècle, un lieu commun persiste, à savoir, que les enseignants étaient très mal payés pour leur travail. Bien que cette assertion ne soit pas partagée par tous, ce point de vue domine dans l’historiographie de cette période. Nous croyons qu’il est temps de repenser cette interprétation. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à deux questions fondamentales. La première porte spécifiquement sur la rémunération des enseignants: combien gagnaient-ils en moyenne et comment leurs salaires ont-ils évolué dans le temps? La deuxième compare les salaires des enseignants à ceux versés aux autres travailleurs canadiens: étaient-ils pires ou meilleurs? Notre étude s’intéresse aux enseignants canadiens, à l’exception de ceux du Québec, et couvre les quatre premières décennies du vingtième siècle.
Women and Media in the Middle East: Power through Self-Expression
Authors: Wilson-Goldie Kaelen 
Published: April 2020

Four public service announcements promoting literacy in the rural Egyptian village of Kafr Masoud; eight women’s magazines published between the Constitutional Revolution and the Pahlavi era in Iran; ten Egyptian melodramas constructing the woman-as-nation metaphor between the Arab-Israeli conflict and the politics of Islamic fundamentalism; the struggle for women’s right to vote in Kuwait between liberal and religious newspapers; seven Lebanese journalists in conversation about their craft. In eleven chapters, Women and Media in the Middle East: Power through Self-Expression spans a region stretching from Morocco to Iran and material including feature films, government-sponsored television spots, newspapers, internet penetration, non-governmental organizations, documentaries produced by media institutes and the television industry.
Lebanese Women Demand Parliamentary Quota - September 23, 2008
Authors: American University Lebanese 
Published: April 2020

As a gender expert/consultant, Dr. Dabbous-Sensenig was invited by MP Gilberte Zouein, chair of the parliamentary subcommittee for the Woman and Child, along with other experts, to discuss the issue of parliamentary quota for women, and to draft a proposal to introduce the women quota in the Lebanese election law.
Race, Gender, and Work: Syrian-Lebanese Women in Turn-of-the Century Sao Paulo
Authors: Najar José D. 
Published: April 2020

Recently the study of the Syrian-Lebanese communities in Latin America has attracted much attention from scholars across a variety of disciplines (Klich & Lesser, 1998; Zobel, 2006; Akmir, 2009). Although the impact of this emerging body of scholarship has greatly contributed to our understanding of non-European immigrants to Latin America and their contribution to their adoptive countries, less attention has been paid to the roles and experiences of Syrian-Lebanese women or women of Syrian-Lebanese descent. Even less attention has been paid to their transnational experiences.Syrian-Lebanese women are often referenced only in passing and are typicallydepicted as homebound, or as women of leisure engaged in charitable work. Many of these trivial and anecdotal glimpses into the lives of Syrian-Lebanese women in Brazil reflect and reinforce the constant reproduction of gender and color hierarchies inBrazilian nationalist ideology. There has been even less focus on questions pertaining to the privileged white status the Syrian-Lebanese immigrants enjoyed upon their arrival in Brazil.
The Case of Samira Soueidan
Authors: Mahdawi Dalila 
Published: April 2020

When Samira Soueidan fell in love with an Egyptian man and decided to marry him, she thought little of the consequences. She had no idea that the marriagewould ostracize her future children from their friends. She did not know that Lebanese women who married non-Lebanese men were all but abandoned by their government and viewed as second-class citizens.
Talk and Adult Lebanese Female Friends
Authors: Stouhi Missan Laysy 
Published: April 2020

Hardly any research on language and gender in general, and women’s talk in particular, has been conducted in the Arab or the Lebanese context (see Haeiri, 1997; Sadiqi, 2003; Nelson, Al-Batal, & Echols, 1996). Outside the Arab world, major studies on female friends’ talk focused on conversations between children and teenagers (Goodwin, 1982; Goodwin, 1983; Goodwin, 1998; Goodwin, 2002; Hunt, 2005) or married women with children (Coates, 1996; Holmes, 1995; Tannen, 1990). This research study aims at further exploring potential competition for social power by examining levels of support and competition in the talk of adult (unmarried) Lebanesewomen best friends’ gossip, narratives, and discussions. The study examines the levels of support in these best friends’ responses to each other in conversations. It also investigates the extent to which these adult women friends recognize or admit that they disagree or compete for popularity or knowledge in their interactions with their best friends.
Lógica y génesis de un pronunciamiento: “los jesuitas se ponen verdes”
Authors: Sequeiros San Román Leandro 
Published: April 2020

Sanar un mundo herido: Secretariado para la Justicia Social y la Ecología, de la Compañía de Jesús
Este informe ha aparecido íntegro en la versión electrónica de la revista Promotio iustititae nº 106 (2011/2). Aquí ofrecemos un extracto de la parte introductoria, precedido de dos comentarios introductorios debidos a Mayte Vizcaino y a Leandro Sequeiros que ayudan a contextualizar el documento.
Ultrasonography Findings of Breast Microcalcifications without Accompanying Mass and Evaluation of Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy Results
Authors: Durhan Gamze , Önder Ömer , Azizova Aynur , Karakaya Jale , Kösemehmetoğlu Kemal , Akpınar Meltem , Demirkazık Figen 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy is a real-time, inexpensive method with higher patient comfort. The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasonography findings of microcalcifications without accompanying mass and also to investigate the accuracy of ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy results.
Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 54 patients, with microcalcifications observed on mammography and no accompanying mass, who underwent ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy and surgical excision. Core needle biopsy specimen x-rays were obtained from 23 patients. In 11 patients, the location of microcalcification was confirmed by mammography following the administration of contrast agent under ultrasonography guidance. Ultrasonography findings of microcalcifications were identified. The results of ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy were compared with the excisional pathology results.
Results: The microcalcifications without accompanying mass were presented with punctate echogenous foci, hypoechoic area, small distortion, ductal abnormality or fibrocystic changes on ultrasonography. Hypoechoic area and distortion were seen more in malignant lesions, and fibrocystic changes and ductal abnormalities in benign lesions but the difference was not statistically significant. The agreement between ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy and the excisional pathology results was high (Kappa = 0.781). When a specimen x-ray was obtained or core needle biopsy was performed after confirming the location of the microcalcifications with the use of contrast agent, Kappa values were even higher (0.87 and 1, respectively).
Conclusions: Microcalcifications can be seen with targeted ultrasonography imaging and ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy has high accuracy. Taking a specimen x-ray, or biopsy performed after identifying of the location of microcalcifications with a trace amount of contrast agent, can increase the accuracy of ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy.
F18-FDG Cardiac PET/CT: An alternative tool for myocardial viability determination prior to coronary revascularization decision in severe ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Talay Süreyya , Talay Nahide Belgit 
Published: April 2020

Purposes: The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical value and accuracy of Fludeoxyglucose Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography Computerized Tomography (FDG C-PET/CT) as an alternative tool for myocardial viability determination prior to coronary revascularization decision in lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) patients. We accepted lower LVEF as 35% or less for the study. FDG C-PET/CT is reported to be the gold standart for myocardial viability detection among other techniques such as thallium-201 rest-redistribution scintigraphy myocardial perfusion imaging and dobutamine stress echocardiography.
Materials and Methods: Between the dates of 01.01.2010 and 10.07.2019, 191 consecutive patients (mean age 64±9.1 years) underwent CABG operations with severe LVEF dysfunction with 35% or less. These impaired LVEF patients were calculated as the 4.4% total CABG cases. Myocardial viability was also studied and elaborated by F18-FDG C-PET/CT for all cases. Elaboration was detailed as viable myocardial tissue, hibernated myocardial tissue or necrosis areas (scars, nonviable tissue) via segmentally images of the heart. Final surgical decision was primarily depended on F18-FDG C-PET/CT for the majority of cases.
Results: 191 CABG operations were performed. Perioperative deaths occured in 18 (9.4%) cases. Mortality reasons were prolonged CPB in 4 (2%) cases, severe and unmanageable ventricular arrhytmias in 5 (2.6%) cases, MOD with prolonged intubation in 6 (3.1%) cases and major neurological complication in 2 (1%) cases. Our mean coronary graft number was 3.5±0.8. LIMA was used in the majority of cases (n=176, 92.1%). LIMA was anastomosed to LAD for each case. IABP insertions were applied in 81(42.4%, 43 cases intraoperatively, 38 cases at ICU) patients. 236 patients with impaired LVEF and severe coronary artery disease were evaluated by F18-FDG C-PET/CT prior to operation. 191 cases (80.9%) were accepted as canditates for revascularization with multiple viable segments.45 cases (19.1%) presented transmural scar tissue (non-viable) images by FDG uptake analysis. This group cases were considered to be with non-beneficial results from revascularization. Thus, these patients were referred to medical treatments. Mean number of viable segments on F18-FDG C-PET/CT were calculated as 5.2±1.4 for each patient.
Conclusions: The presence of myocardial viability is crucial to define reasonable canditates for revascularization in cases with lower LVEF. Among other preoperative viability detection techniques such as dobutamin echocardiography and myocardial perfusion scintigraphies, F18 FDG cardiac PET/CT is accepted as the ‘Gold Standart’ for segmental analysis on basis of distinguishing scar tissue from viable components. We strongly advocate F18-FDG cardiac PET/CT to be a suitable and effective tool to evaluate CABG indications in severe ventricular dysfunction.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Tenofovir in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Ecin Seval Müzeyyen , Çalık Başaran Nursel , Aladağ Murat 
Published: April 2020

Introductıon: HBV infection is a global public health problem. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) that are used for the treatment of CHB infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment response and efficacy of TDF, which was a new treatment regimen in Turkey Materials and Methods: This descriptive, retrospective study was conducted between January 2009 and January 2011 at Inonu University Faculty, Turgut Ozal Medicine Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology Outpatient Clinic. We included hepatitis B positive patients who started to use Tenofovir (TDF). We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical files of Hepatitis B patients. HBsAg, Hepatit B surface antibody (Anti-HBsAb), HBeAg, Hepatit B e antibody (Anti-HBeAb), HBV-DNA, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were evaluated in the 1, 3., 6., 9., and 12. months. Result: None of the patients under TDF treatment were “primary resistant”. ALT normalization at 12th month was seen in 80.4% of study population. HBsAg seroconversion were detected only in one patient (0.85%) at 9 months and HBeAg seroconversion were observed in 9 (8.3%) under TDF treatment. At the sixth month of TDF treatment, complete response were found in 77 (65.8%), partial response in 21 (18%) and inadequate response were in 19 (16.2%). Among HBeAg positive patients, 44 (80 %) patients had undetectable HBV DNA levels at the end of 12th month and among HBeAg negative patients, 52 (91.2%) patients had undetectable HBV DNA levels at the end of 12th month (p<0.01).
Discussion and Conclusion: among patients with chronic HBV infection, Tenofovir had satisfying antiviral efficacy. There is no primary resistance in patients treated with Tenofovir. Patients had statistically significant improvement in AST, ALT, HBV DNA levels
Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation Syndrome: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Ozden Onder , Kılıc Seref Selcuk , Alkan Murat , Tumgor Gokhan , Tuncer Recep 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:
Introduction: The cause of biliary atresia (BA) is not understood exactly as well as biliary atresia splenic malformation (BASM) syndrome. BA is destructive biliary fibrosis; the etiology may be multifactorial. Association of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BA have been shown in many reports but CMV and BASM have not been mentioned in the literature. So we aimed to report BASM experiences, an association of CMV infection and need of duodenoduodenostomy if preduodenal portal vein exists.
Materials and Methods: The data were collected retrospectively from Cukurova University which is one of the largest tertiary hospitals in Turkey between 2005-2017. The patients of sex, age, blood chemistry counts, TORCH infections blood parameters, BA types, operational findings and mortality were noted.
Results: In total, 59 BA patients were diagnosed between 2005- 2017. Seven of them were classified as BASM. The median age of them was 60 days (45-90 days). Three of them were girl and 4 of them were male in gender. The main complaint of whole patients was jaundice. The jaundice of 6 patients began since birth. One of them began at 20 days-age. Median total / direct blood bilirubin levels were 9.6 / 5.4 mg/dl. Median values of liver function tests; ALT, AST and GGT were 77 IU/L, 201 IU/L and 607 IU/L respectively.
Five of the patients showed positive results for anti-CMV immunoglobulin M. All had positive anti-CMV Ig G and anti-toxoplasmosis Ig G.
Evaluation of the types of BA revealed that one patient had type 2, while all others had type 3. Four of BASM patients had polysplenia and one had asplenia. Five of them had a preduodenal portal vein. All of them had midgut malrotation. One had inferior vena cava interruption. One had hepatic artery anomaly which was originated from SMA.
The median time of follow-up was 4 years (1-5 years). All of them are alive and 1 required liver transplantation.
Conclusion: BASM should be kept in mind by the surgeon for the requirement of additional surgical procedures such as Ladd procedure, duodenoduodenostomy with Kasai Porto-enterostomy.
Duodenoduodenostomy may be performed when the existence of preduodenal portal vein.
Further research is recommended for CMV infection and BASM.
Dynapenic obesity: A disregarded disease that affects functionality and nutrition of the older patients
Authors: Evranos Berna , Atmis Volkan 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Dynapenia is the age-associated loss of muscle strength without neurological or muscular disease. It is associated with physical dependence, low physical performance, falls, cognitive impairment and increased mortality in the elderly. Obesity incidence increases rapidly in the elderly, but in the literature, there are limited studies on dynapenic obesity and its complications. We aimed to determine the frequency of dynapenia in elderly obese patients, examine the effect of dynapenic obesity on the functionality and the nutritional state and increase awareness of dynapenic obesity.
Materials and Methods:177 obese elderly admitted to geriatrics and endocrinology clinics divided into two groups as dynapenic or non-dynapenic according to last diagnostic criteria, depending on handgrip strength. Demographic and laboratory data, Activities of daily living, Instrumental Activities of Daily-Living, Mini-Nutritional Assessment, body mass index, and handgrip strength were also investigated. Differences between the two groups were analysed by the SPSS 20.0 program.
Results: 17.5% of the subjects had dynapenia. Dynapenic elderly were older (p=0.028), had lower mini-nutritional test scores (p= 0.009), activities of daily living (p=0.007), instrumental activities of daily living (p <0.001), creatinine levels (p=0.023), and albumin levels (p=0.049).
Conclusion: Dynapenic obese patients have a higher risk of disability and malnutrition than obese patients. Realising the natural history of patients with dynapenia and obesity is critically needed.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Special focus on suggestive imaging findings in head and neck involvement
Authors: Bulut Elif Gunay 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune disease with frequent upper respiratory tract involvement. Early diagnosis is crucial for early initiation of effective treatment, which improves outcome. Imaging plays an important role for confirming clinically suspected cases. The aim of our study is to reveal the frequencies of imaging findings previously defined as suggestive for GPA (i.e. osseous erosions or destructions, neoosteogenesis, subglottic stenosis) and to investigate frequency and characteristics of previously under-recognized nasopharyngeal involvement in GPA.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined paranasal, nasopharynx/neck, temporal CTs (n=51) and MRIs (n=14) of 48 patients with GPA. The evaluated imaging findings include mucosal ulcerations in nasal cavity, sinonasal and temporal opacifications/inflammatory signal changes, presence and locations of osseous erosions and neoosteogenesis, periantral soft tissue infiltration, septal perforation, presence and characteristics of nasopharyngeal involvement, and subglottic stenosis. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean ± SD; categorical variables were presented as count and percentage.
Results: Forty patients (87%) had sinonasal and fourteen (29%) patients had tympanic cavity±mastoid opacifications. Three patients (23%) had signal and diffusion characteristics suggesting a sinonasal granulomatous inflammation. Mucosal ulcerations were detected in 32% of patients. Osseous erosions/destruction (40%) was common in disease onset and frequently affected mid-line sinonasal structures. Neoosteogenesis of paranasal sinuses (21%) was more common in follow-up studies and invariably affected maxillary sinuses. Septal perforation (6%), periantral infiltration (4%) and subglottic stenosis (10%) were relatively infrequent findings. Nasopharyngeal involvement (23%) was not infrequent; predominantly presented with wall thickening, ulcerations, low T2-weigted signal changes and restricted diffusion in MRI.
Conclusion: Sinonasal osseous erosion/destruction is a relatively common and highly suggestive finding especially when co-existent with nasal mucosal ulcerations, neoosteogenesis and nasopharyngeal thickening in a suspected case. Nasopharyngeal involvement is not infrequent and imaging could overlap with other entities such as nasopharyngeal cancer, lymphoma or sarcoma.