bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and microbiological aspects of the soil seed bed in the early formation of the barley root system (Hordeum vulgare L.): tomographic studies
Authors: Suzdaleva A V , Shein E V , Verkhovtseva N V , Abrosimov K N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Barley seeds (Mikhailovsky sort) in a model physical experiment with a two-layer density soil bed (the range of soil density from 0.7 to 1.2 g/cm3) of silty loam arable soil (Albic Glossic Retisols (Lomic, Cutanic), Moscow Region) were placed for germination at the boundary of different-density layers at optimum moisture content. During the period from planting to 7-10 days. the dynamics of the root system development was studied using an x-ray microtomograph “Bruker SkyScan 1172G” (Belgium) while simultaneously studying the composition of soil biota, which was reconstructed from microbial markers (fatty acids and their derivatives).The roots of the germinating seed mastered the entire pore space of the soil, regardless of the density zones studied in experiments. The number of bacteria increases by the fifth day with a noticeable dominance of actinobacteria (aerobacteria Actinobacteria spp., Rhodococcus equi) and Firmicutes (anaerobes Ruminococcus sp.) due to the destruction of the seed coat with its subsequent decrease on the seventh day.
Use of low-temperature plasma for stabilizing a combustion process under the utilization of waste products with high moisture content
Authors: Delyagin V N , Ivanov N M , Karzanov A N , Bocharov V N , Kondrat’ev A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thermal recycling and disinfection of waste products in different physical states represent a comprehensive solution to the problem of waste utilization. The utilization of waste materials with high moisture content (more 70…75%) is associated with a need to evaporate a significant volume of water and causes, as a consequence, substantial additional expenses on an energy source. To cut costs related to the utilization of wastes with a high amount of water it is suggested using a coal cleaning product – a coal-water slurry fuel. The direct combustion of incompletely mechanically dehydrated (to 70-75%) wastes with high water content (cake) is an economically efficient process. However, it poses a severe problem of combustion stabilizing. The paper presents outcomes of the research into the stabilization of thermal recycling waste materials with a high level of moisture by means of low-temperature plasma in the adiabatic vortex combustion chamber. To control a burning process in the technology adapter low-temperature plasma is supplied into the base of flame. An output of a plasma generator (power supply source) is estimated as 1 kW power input per 13 kg/h suspension fuel. A dynamic range of heat output for a coal-water slurry fuel and wastes is determined to be 70-100% when generating thermal energy and utilizing wastes with high moisture content by means of low-temperature plasma as a stabilizer of a combustion process. Experimental studies carried out on a machine simulator have proven the efficiency of low-temperature plasma for utilization and disinfection of waste products in commercial farming.
The Use Of Combined Composites Of Non-Traditional Raw Materials Of Plant Origin In The Production Of Functional Bakery Products
Authors: Konovalova I D , Orobinskaya V N , Kholodova E N , Pisarenko O N , Galdin E V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The development of new types of food products using non-traditional plant materials rich in useful substances necessary for the human body is an actual direction of the STI of the Russian Federation “FoodNet”. Bread and bakery products occupy a high share in the consumer basket of the population of the Russian Federation, research in the field of designing recipe compositions and technologies for new types of bakery products is of significant importance.
The disadvantage of the main share of bakery products is the low biological and physiological value and high calorie content. Modern production of bread and bakery products is aimed at their enrichment with vitamins, minerals to increase biological value and reduce calorie content.
Experimental comparison of smooth movement of an agricultural tractor with balancer suspension and torsion bar suspension
Authors: Troyanovskaya I P , Krasnokutsky V V , Rusanov M A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the reasons for the increased fatigue of tracked agricultural tractor operators is vibration. Reducing overall vibration is possible due to a change in suspension. All agricultural tracked tractors are equipped with an elastic balancing suspension, as a rule. Kharkov Tractor Plant has released an experimental batch of tractors with torsion bar suspension. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the type of suspension on the smooth movement of the tractor. The experiment considered the real modes of operation of the tractor: plowing the ground in first and fourth gears, as well as the transport mode of movement. As a result of the tests, it was determined that the tractor with torsion suspension provides better ride comfort in transport mode. The torsion bar suspension has an advantage in the frequency range of 0.5–4 Hz, while the balancer suspension has an advantage in the high frequency range of 4–12 Hz when plowing the ground. The level of vibration acceleration of the floor of the tractor cab does not depend on the type of suspension in the frequency range above 12 Hz.
Evaluation of the main indicators of the reliability of the power transmission of a combine harvester John Deere 9660
Authors: Vakhrushev V V , Nemtsev A E , Ivanov N M , Melbert A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The failure-free performance of the components determines the technical and economic efficiency of the use of the combine harvester. A low level of reliability leads to an increase in the cost of harvesting, the need for unscheduled repairs due to failures of parts, assemblies and assembly units. Studies have shown that a significant proportion of failures occur in power transmission units. In this regard, the aim of the work is to assess the reliability of the power transmission of the John Deere 9660 combine harvester. The average time between failures of the power transmission units was 80 hours, which does not meet the regulatory requirements (according to STO AIST 8.22 - 2010 - at least 100 hours). Failures of all powertrain assemblies are caused by a combination of failures: wear and fatigue failure of the bore holes for the bearings of the unit housings, and gears, bearings from dynamic loads.
Assessment of the service properties of commodity motor oils by hydrogen indicator
Authors: Vakhrushev V V , Nemtsev A E , Ivanov N M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Basic oils produced from oil or obtained by the synthesis of monomers are generally chemically neutral. To improve the service properties of base motor oils, additive packages and active ingredients are introduced into it. The presence of anti-seize, anti-wear, and dispersing-stabilizing additives in a composition of commercial oil of a certain concentration of compounds of alkali metal salts changes its chemical activity [1].
Based on this, as a measure of service properties (anti-seize, anti-wear and dispersion-stabilizing properties (DSP)) of commercial motor oils can be used hydrogen indicator - pH.
In the work, as an invariant estimate of the concentration of resource additives and service properties of commercial motor oils, the use of pH is considered. Correlation dependences of pH on BSP and viscosity of the studied motor oil are given.
The rational repair and maintenance cycle of the KamAZ car gearbox taking into account the pre-repair operating time
Authors: Vakhrushev V V , Nemtsev A E , Ivanov N M , Poddubny V I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A significant proportion of the costs and downtime for repairs are on transmission units, and especially on the gearbox (GB). Based on the research results presented in the work, up to 76% of all transmission failures fall on the gearbox of a KamAZ 6540 automobile under ordinary operating conditions. The purpose of the study is to justify the repair and maintenance cycle (RMC) of the gearbox of the KamAZ 6540 automobile, taking into account the pre-repair operating time. The proposed methodology for assessing the pre-repair resource allows you to select the resource elements of the gearbox, taking into account the value of their resource and coefficient of variation. The structure of the RMC proposed in the work provides for: the first current repair during running hours - 125940 km; first overhaul during running hours - 251880 km; second current repair during running hours - 377820 km; second overhaul during running hours - 503760 km. Thus, changing the structure of the gearbox REC allows increasing the gearbox resource from 380 to 500 thousand km.
Study on the sealing defects impact on high pressure pump
Authors: Bistriceanu D P , Pal S G , Ciornei F C , Bujoreanu C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The sealing of the high-pressure pump is carried out by means of a seal between the pump drive shaft and the front plate to keep the fuel inside them. The literature presents numerous studies carried out on how these seals last in time and on their composition. Due to the fact that during assembly or during the mounting of the pump on the engine may occur accidental defects on the sealing area, our interest in this paper is to investigate their impact on pump operation. The damages were explored on a test bench a certain number of kilometres and later analysed their impact on the pump using an ultraviolet chamber in a dark room. The experimental analyses were carried out using the EvoCam optical microscope, but also with the help of computer tomography procedure.
Friction models for grease lubricated ball-race contacts
Authors: Ianuş G , Cojocaru D , Oprişan M C , Cârlescu V , Olaru D N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper the authors theoretically investigated the influence of the hydrodynamic rolling friction forces in greased ball-race contacts at low loads. Two IVR-EHL transitions equations for hydrodynamic rolling friction forces have been applied to the ball-race contacts in a modified thrust ball bearing by using three types of greases having base oil viscosities between 40 mm2/s and 1000 mm2/s. Based on the total friction torque analytically estimated and experimentally determined has been evidenced the influence of the hydrodynamic rolling friction force on the total friction torque as the most important parameter for both proposed transition equations. The theoretical values of the total friction torque have been experimentally validated. The experiments was realized with a modified tree ball thrust bearing, without cage in a range of speed between 60 rpm and 400 rpm and for a normal load of 1.422 N for each ball.
Rapeseed oil with anti-wear additives on the four ball tester
Authors: Ionescu T F , Guglea D , Dima D , Georgescu C , Deleanu L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a tribological characterization on the four ball tester, for three lubricants: rapeseed oil and this vegetal oil with two anti-wear nano additives (TiO2 and ZnO, respectively). The lubricants were obtained at laboratory scale by a particular regime of sonication. Each additive was added in: 0.25%, 0.50% and 1% mass concentrations. The tests were done for the following loads and sliding speeds: 100…300 N and 0.38…0.69 m/s. The authors selected three tribological parameters for evaluating the tribological behavior of lubricants formulated based on rapeseed oil and two nano additives (ZnO and TiO2): average of friction coefficient during 1 h test, wear scar diameter (WSD) and the temperature of lubricant bath at the end of the test.
Tribological investigation of human skin friction with polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE under different boundary conditions
Authors: Subhi K A , Hussein E K , Gaaz T S , Călin A , Tudor A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper is an experimental investigation on the interaction between the human finger and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with regards to friction. Three male Asian volunteers aged 24, 52 and 66 were asked to participate. The experimental setup consisted on a circle tipped probe being placed in contact with the ring finger of the volunteers and dragged over the surface of the finger with an applied load of (1-12) N. The friction phenomenon was evaluated in both dry and wet conditions using the CETR UMT-2 tribometer from the Department of Machine Elements and Tribology at University Politehnica of Bucharest. Contact adhesion was also studied, and it was found out that younger skin exhibits a greater adhesion component.
Experimental analysis of three tetra-anti-chiral auxetic honeycomb structures
Authors: Raluca Negrea , Paul Predoiu , Stefan Tabacu , Denis Negrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in manufacturing macro/micro/nano-structures led to the development of metamaterials, a new class of materials, which have exceptional properties, not easy to observe in nature, in terms of mechanical response, heat transport performance and energy absorption. In this study, a specific auxetic structure called anti-tetra-chiral, ATC (the adjective “chiral” means physical property to spin, “anti” is the effect, and the “tetra” represents their number of ligaments) is investigated and it was manufactured by laser cutting from 3 mm thick S320 mild steel plates with three different horizontal to vertical ligament ratios of 1:1, 1.5:1 and 1:1.5. The elastic properties of raw material, obtained by tensile testing regular S320 mild steel specimens, have been used in a numerical simulation algorithm using LS-DYNA in order to identify the loading capabilities of the structure. Then, an experimental setup for compression and tensile testing of A, B, and C types of ATC structures, have been appropriately planned and performed, assisted by with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) analysis using GOM-Correlate in order to obtain the deformation field evolution and calculate the average Poisson’s coefficients for all three ACT structures. Future research work is targeted for the development and optimization of both ATC structure design and numerical simulation algorithm targeting shock absorbers applications.
Student demonstrator for teaching Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: Ianoşi-Andreeva-Dimitrova A , Mândru D S , Bologa I D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the most exciting topics to teach to the students that follow the Biomechatronics lectures is Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). Its novelty as well as the sheer fact that one might control a computer via its brain waves is usually enough to guarantee implication. Unfortunately, there are no readily available student demonstrators on the market, which prompts the usage of research systems, and these are not easily configurable for laboratory demonstrations. This paper proposes two student demonstrators, describing the design process from conception, modelling, manufacturing and testing. The proposed demonstrators make use of the well-known motor-imagery BCI paradigm, one illustrating the basic principles, the other demonstrating a use-case as a rehabilitation upper-limb exerciser. The paper also reviews the current state of the art in the area of BCI systems for teaching.
Modeling and optimization of dynamic absorber with viscous friction
Authors: Ibanescu R , Ibanescu M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The vibrations coming from outer sources can cause, in the most cases, important disturbances in mechanical systems functioning. For this reason, solutions for the mitigation of these negative effects are sought, one of them being the use of vibration dynamic absorbers.
In the present work, a damped vibrating mechanical system is considered and a dynamic absorber with damping attached to it. The mechanical system is acted by a sinusoidal force. The mechanical system behavior is modeled by a system of four state-space equations, having as input data the outer force and as output data the elongations of the vibrating motions for the two masses, corresponding to the original system and to the dynamic absorber, respectively. In this paper, the analytical steady state solution for system functioning is determined.
The absorber effect can be optimized by using this solution. For this purpose, a soft in MATLAB environment is conceived, soft which offers the possibility of computing the mass, the spring elastic constant and the absorber coefficient of viscous friction, so that the amplitude of the original system oscillations, caused by the input force, to be minimal.
Experiment on the empathic reaction of an animatronic structure determined by a voice command
Authors: Ionescu M , Borcosi I , Gilca G , Cismaru S I , Besnea (Petcu) F , Resceanu C , Bizdoaca N G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experiment on the affective reaction of a modified biomimical structure Chimpanzee Alive at a series of comands or vocal dialogues. The experimental structure includes and a biomimetic structures Scary Terry Talking Skull which has the possibility, through own development board, to send voice commands to the biomimetic structure Chimpanzee Alive. These voice commands are taken by using a the smartphone with android operating system and which has Arduino BlueControl applications installed. After processing of the voice commands by Arduino BlueControl, the smartphone send control signals by bluettooth, to biomimetic structures controller. This commands the motors of the biomimetic structure (for the movement of the eyebrows, mouth and eyelids), the result being the following expressive states: euphoric, pensiveness, annoyance. After obtain the expressive states, the Chimpanzee Alive structure returns into neutral state by activate a gestures sensor.
Bathroom telemonitoring system with alerting function for independent life of elderly
Authors: Sebesi S B , Ianoşi-Andreeva-Dimitrova A , Mândru D S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Population ageing is tending to become one of the most significant social challenges of the twenty-first century. World’s population is ageing, and this fact is noticeable in every country in the world. Telemonitoring is a way of responding to new needs of home care in an aging population. With the current technology, it is possible to implement solutions that until recently seemed to be a distant vision of the future. Telemonitoring technologies in home environment is still under development, but this method appears to be one of the most promising approaches to facilitate independent living for elderly. This paper presents a fully independent and autonomous bathroom telemonitoring device for emergency situations detection.
Regenerative braking kinematic analysis and optimisation strategies
Authors: Stajilov V , Bujoreanu C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Most of electric and hybrid cars are city oriented due to their reduced pollution and small range. In this paper we intend to analyse kinematics and energy distribution during braking in the scope of city use cases. The purpose is to identify optimization criteria based on system limitations. Our proposal is to describe each case from point of view of kinematics (velocity, acceleration), energy (kinematic energy, instantaneous power). Having relations between data and the results helps us to form optimization strategies: a strategy oriented on driver comfort and two resulted from regenerative braking system component limits. Based on results, maximizing acceleration until its comfort value, in city conditions, does not generate unsupported instantaneous power for generator or energy storage system for an average electric car. Power limitation became more important when keeping same strategy for speed higher than 50 kph. In this case electric vehicles with small battery capacity and hybrid vehicles could show lower efficiency, as more kinetic energy will be dissipated by friction brakes. Presented strategies can be used to implement braking system controlling algorithm for regenerative brakes/friction brakes ratio on-the-fly optimization.
Agricultural robot for small farms
Authors: Morar C A , Doroftei I A , Doroftei I , Hagan M G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a new concept of the robots dedicated to small farming activities. A walking robot is remote controlled in order to perform agricultural operations in small farms or peasant household. The robot should perform all operations during crop development respectively tilling seeding, fertilization, harvesting, etc. The robot structure is conceived in order to achieve low energy consumption criteria by gravitational decupling and static gait. The power of the robot is calculated robot power is calculated by reference to the power of a man or a horse. The purpose of this work is to approach some aspects of a robot according with the requirements of work environments: energy consumption, influence to the environment, the proper locomotion method, etc.
Dynamic balancing of RECOVER robotic system
Authors: Nadas I. , Gherman B. , Bîrlescu I. , Bogateanu R. , Banica A. , Carbone G. , Pisla D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel robotic system for the lower limb rehabilitation of post-stroke survivors. The model presented in this paper aims to demonstrate an innovative solution that helps in the mobilization of the hip and knee flexion/extension and the ankle plantar flexion/extension and eversion/inversion motions. The paper focuses on achieving the dynamic balancing of the hip-knee module, which due to high accelerations peak values and large size is prone to a certain degree of instability, leading to shaking forces and unwanted vibration that might reduce the safety feelings of the patient. A dynamically balanced mechanism will reduce noise, wear and fatigue and allow higher payload capacity.
Preliminary results and evaluation of an ankle rehabilitation device
Authors: Racu (Cazacu) C M , Doroftei I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The motivation for designing a new recovery system was based, first of all, on the increased incidence of injuries to the ankle joint. Medical recovery techniques can be applied either by physiotherapists or by robotic systems capable of helping/assisting the physiotherapist, in order to obtain an efficient recovery process. A novel ankle rehabilitation device is being developed, allowing progress monitoring by therapists. The system will allow patients to perform two kinds of exercises (planter flexion/dorsiflexion and inversion/eversion), hence will own two degrees of freedom. All the required values of the angular amplitudes of the rotational movements are set by the therapist via computer-generated graphical interface. The patients’ exercise is recorded on the host PC for evaluation and progress monitoring. Preliminary results and evaluation of first patient are discussed in this paper. Future medical trials are required to establish the maximum clinical efficacy in rehabilitation.
Experimental study of sit-to-stand kinematics in healthy, osteoarthritic and prosthetic knee
Authors: Tarnita D , Petcu A , Ontica V , Prunoiu Diana D , Tarnita D N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in movement patterns during a sit-to-stand (STS) task before and after total knee replacement (TKR), the impact of the prosthesis on the kinematic parameters of sit-to-stand flexion movement and to compare biomechanical outcomes after TKR to a control group. A sample of seven healthy control subjects and five patients suffering of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) participated in three-dimensional motion analysis. Although there were significant improvements in movement 4 months after TKR, patients continued to demonstrate smaller moments on the prosthetic knee compared to non-operated and to control knees.