bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐stocking movement and survival of hatchery‐reared bloater (Coregonus hoyi) reintroduced to Lake Ontario
Authors: Klinard Natalie V. , Matley Jordan K. , Halfyard Edmund A. , Connerton Michael , Johnson Timothy B. , Fisk Aaron T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Determining the movement and fate of fishes post‐stocking is challenging due to the difficulty in monitoring them, particularly immediately after release. Bloater (Coregonus hoyi; Salmonidae) is a deepwater cisco that has been extirpated from Lake Ontario for several decades and is presently the focus of binational restoration stocking efforts; however, there is limited information to evaluate the efficacy of these efforts. The aim of this study was to examine the initial post‐release survival, 3D movement, and behaviour of hatchery‐reared bloater stocked in Lake Ontario to expand knowledge of post‐stocking ecology of fish and inform stocking practices for deepwater ciscoes.

In total, 74 hatchery‐reared bloater were tagged with acoustic transmitters with depth and temperature sensors in 2016, 2017, and 2018 and passively monitored on an array of 105 69‐kHz acoustic receivers deployed in north‐eastern Lake Ontario. Several spatial metrics analysed movements after release to investigate immediate post‐stocking survival and behaviour for the first time in a pelagic freshwater forage fish.

Estimated survival for tagged bloater was low (≤42%) and detection periods of live bloater ranged from 0.2 to 12.1 days (mean ± SD: 2.9 ± 2.9 days). Following release, tagged bloater dispersed quickly and exhibited an association with deeper water (>40 m). Despite overlap in space use for some bloater, there was no evidence of schooling behaviour. Bloater underwent extensive diel vertical migration from near bottom to within metres of the surface. These results demonstrated that, despite high initial mortality, some hatchery‐reared bloater survived the initial stress of release and displayed characteristic behaviour of the species.

This study demonstrated the value of acoustic telemetry in restoration efforts and revealed survival and behaviour of bloater that has never been observed at this resolution, providing novel information for the management of reintroduced species. Establishment of a self‐sustaining population of bloater will help restore fish native to Lake Ontario thus increasing prey fish diversity, improving ecological integrity and resilience, and serving as a model for the reintroduction and management of other native species throughout the Great Lakes.
A cross‐cultural translation and adaptation of the Arabic Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire for patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Shajrawi Abedalmajeed , Khalil Heba , Al‐Smadi Ahmed Mohammad , Al Dweik Ghadeer , Slater Paul , Granat Malcolm , Jones Ian , Astin Felicity 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to cross‐culturally translate and adapt the Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire into Arabic and subsequently evaluate the psychometric properties of that translation in a population of Arabic patients.MethodThe original English version of the Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire was translated into Arabic following a process recommended by the World Health Organization. A convenience sample consisting of 268 Jordanian patients with coronary heart disease was recruited from a university‐affiliated hospital in Amman, Jordan. Data were collected from October 2018 to March 2019. The factor structure, face and content validities, and internal consistency of the Arabic Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (A‐CSEQ) were evaluated.ResultsThe factor structure analysis supported a three‐factor high‐order structure of the A‐CSEQ. Face validity showed that the language used, style, and format were clear. The content validity demonstrated a very good content validity index. The reliability was good with ranging from 0.89 to 0.93 for all questionnaire subscales.ConclusionThe A‐CSEQ is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the cardiac self‐efficacy of Arabic patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Further assessment of the psychometric properties of the A‐CSEQ with different cardiac problems is now recommended.
Cross‐lagged associations between behaviour problems and obesity in head start preschoolers
Authors: Martoccio Tiffany L. , Senehi Neda , Brophy‐Herb Holly E. , Miller Alison L. , Horodynski Mildred A. , Kaciroti Niko , Contreras Dawn , Peterson Karen E. , Lumeng Julie C. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundBehaviour problems and obesity are related but research findings have been inconclusive regarding the direction of effects.ObjectivesThis study examined the cross‐lagged associations between behaviour problems, body mass index (BMI) and obesity in preschoolers, and whether sex modified these associations.MethodsRepeated measures of teacher‐reported externalizing (EXT) and internalizing behaviour problems (clinically significant T scores were >90th percentile), BMI z‐scores (BMI‐Z) and obesity status (BMI ≥95th for age and sex) were assessed in the fall (T1) and spring (T2) of the school year in Head Start preschoolers (N = 423). Associations were examined with cross‐lagged modelling.ResultsProspective paths from T1 clinically significant EXT to both T2 BMI‐Z (β = .05) and obesity (β = .18) were significant. There was no evidence that T1 BMI‐Z or obesity preceded T2 behaviour problems. However, sex‐specific models indicated that T1 BMI‐Z was prospectively associated with higher T2 EXT for boys (β = .13), but not girls. T1 EXT was predictive of subsequent BMI‐Z (β = .09) and obesity (β = .33) at T2 for girls only.ConclusionFindings suggest that behaviour problems, particularly externalizing behaviours, are prospectively related to childhood obesity, and early prevention methods should reflect sex‐specific modifications.
Activity niches outperform thermal physiological limits in predicting global ant distributions
Authors: Guo Fengyi , Guénard Benoit , Economo Evan P. , Deutsch Curtis A. , Bonebrake Timothy C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThermal physiology is commonly used in mechanistic models to predict species distribution and project distribution change. Such thermal constraints for ants are often measured under laboratory conditions as critical thermal limits (CTmax and CTmin), but have also been observed in the field as foraging thermal limits (FTmin and FTmax). Here we compared distribution projections based on ant physiological and behavioural thermal limits with their realized distributions to assess the validity of using ecophysiological models to predict species ranges over large scales.LocationGlobal.TaxonAnts.MethodsFrom published literature, we compiled a database of 148 lab‐measured critical thermal limits and 137 field‐observed foraging thermal limits for 20 ant genera distributed around the world. We projected their potential ranges using active hour thresholds by matching their thermal limits or preferred thermal breadth (incorporating thermal optima) with hourly surface temperature data. We then compared the projections against a comprehensive global database of ant distributions to assess the validity of physiologically and behaviourally based models.ResultsWe found that surface temperature plays a clear role in generic‐level ant biogeography. Projections based on foraging thermal limits were more conservative in constraining ranges to observed distributions, while projections based on critical thermal limits often overestimated ranges. Furthermore, thermal limit models can be improved by incorporating behaviourally derived thermal optima.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that temperature‐dependent activity niches and thermal optima better reveal species realized thermal niches than critical thermal limits, and hence can improve predictions of species distributions and future distribution changes under climate change.
High correlation of species diversity patterns between specialist herbivorous insects and their specific hosts
Authors: Du Congcong , Chen Jing , Jiang Liyun , Qiao Gexia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping the species diversity of temperate organisms has been debated for a long time. Here, we used drepanosiphine aphids as a model group to validate the ‘resource‐dependent hypothesis’ based on the biotic interactions for specialist herbivorous insects, a hypothesis stating that their intricate relationship with host plants for resources might constrain their species diversity from being positively correlated with the species diversity of their hosts, and to assess the role of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping the global species diversity pattern of temperate organisms.LocationGlobal and regional.Time periodCurrent.TaxonDrepanosiphine aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphidoidea).MethodsWe first investigated the global species diversity pattern of drepanosiphine aphids. Then we used ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models to conduct regression analyses to test for the relationships of global and regional species richness between drepanosiphine aphids and their host plants, and other predictor variables describing entire woody plants, environmental energy, water availability, climate seasonality, topographical heterogeneity and land cover. Finally, structural equation models (SEMs) were further used to test for direct and indirect effects of key ecological variables.ResultsThe distribution hotspots of species richness and endemism were both located in temperate zones, supporting the notion that drepanosiphine aphids were representative of temperate organisms. The specific host plant was the most important ecological variable in explaining global and regional drepanosiphine species richness, showing a strong positive relationship. The climatic variables mainly showed an indirect effect on global and regional drepanosiphine species richness via specific hosts.Main ConclusionsThe global and regional drepanosiphine species richness was primarily shaped by specific host plants as opposed to all woody trees, with indirect effects of climatic factors via host plants, which supported the ‘resource‐dependent hypothesis’ based on the biotic interactions for specialist herbivorous insects. This finding sheds new light on the ‘biotic interactions hypothesis’ that states biotic interactions can primarily affect the distributions and diversity patterns of both tropical and temperate organisms not only at the local scale but also at the regional to global scales.
Prognostic factors in 161 patients with mucosal melanoma: a study of German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry
Authors: Sarac E. , Amaral T. , Keim U. , Leiter U. , Forschner A. , Eigentler T.K. , Garbe C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMucosal melanoma is a rare malignancy which represents approximately 1% of all melanomas. It is shown that mucosal melanomas have a different biology and less favourable prognosis than its cutaneous counterpart.ObjectivesPredictive and prognostic factors of survival for mucosal melanoma have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors affecting the course of mucosal melanoma patients followed in our clinic.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐one patients with mucosal melanoma prospectively documented in the German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry (CMMR) were included in this study. Gender, age, localization, stage at first medical examination, tumour thickness and mutational status were documented. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), 7th edition was used to define tumour stage. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were evaluated compared with the log‐rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify significant independent prognostic factors.ResultsAccording to the localization, patients were categorized in 44.7% oral–nasal, 28.6% genital, 20.5% anorectal and 6.2% visceral. Genital mucosal melanomas had the most favourable 5‐year OS rate (58.6%) followed by visceral (58.3%) and oral–nasal (39.3%). Anorectal melanomas had the worst OS time (median: 21 ± 4.8 months) and 5‐year survival rate (22.7%). Patients <60 years had a better survival than the older group (P = 0.013). Tumour stage at the time of the first medical examination was also a significant factor for survival (P = 0.001). Gender and mutational status were found to have no effect on survival. Age (<60 years vs. ≥60 years; HR = 2.1) and stage at first medical examination (Stage I vs. Stage IV; HR = 8.2) are shown to be significant independent prognostic factors on multivariate Cox regression analysis, but not localization.ConclusionIn this study, we observed that older age and advanced stage have significant negative effects on the survival of mucosal melanoma. Thus, the AJCC staging system is applicable for mucosal melanoma.
Food safety risk posed to consumers of table eggs from layer farms in Gauteng Province, South Africa: Prevalence of Salmonella species and Escherichia coli, antimicrobial residues, and antimicrobial resistant bacteria
Authors: Adesiyun Abiodun A. , Nkuna Charlotte , Mokgoatlheng‐Mamogobo Malesedi , Malepe Keleabetswe , Simanda Liberty 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study conducted on 39‐layer farms in Gauteng Province, South Africa determined the prevalence and resistance of enteropathogens, and antimicrobial residues in table eggs collected from the farms. Eggs were tested for the presence of bacteria using standard methods. The resistance of bacteria to eight antimicrobial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. Antimicrobial residues were detected in table eggs using the microbial inhibition test, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Risk factors for egg contamination by bacteria and antimicrobial residues were determined through a questionnaire survey of farmers. The farm prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in table eggs was 7.7 and 48.7%, respectively. Nineteen (48.7%) and 2 (5.1%) of eggshells and egg contents, respectively, were positive for E. coli but only eggshells yielded Salmonella species, 2.0% (4 of 196). Overall, 71.4% of 49 E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents. The farm prevalence and egg content prevalence of antimicrobial residues was 2.6 and 0.5%, respectively, with the detection of sulfonamide (79 ppb) and oxytetracycline (106 ppb). The prevalence of resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. and the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in egg content may pose food safety and therapeutic threats to consumers.
Evaluation of complications after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using a short type double balloon endoscope in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy: a single‐center retrospective study of 1,576 procedures
Authors: Tokuhara Mitsuo , Shimatani Masaaki , Mitsuyama Toshiyuki , Masuda Masataka , Ito Takashi , Miyamoto Sachi , Fukata Norimasa , Miyoshi Hideaki , Ikeura Tsukasa , Takaoka Makoto , Kouda Katsuyasu , Okazaki Kazuichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using balloon‐assisted endoscope such as double‐balloon endoscope is even effective for patients with surgically altered anatomy. Yet comprehensive studies on complications of ERCP using balloon‐assisted endoscope have not been made. We analyzed the characteristics and the causes of complications of ERCP using double‐balloon endoscope (DB‐ERCP) procedures and aimed to suggest effective managements.MethodsA total of 1576 procedures of DB‐ERCP in 714 patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy in our hospital were evaluated retrospectively using a statistic analysis.ResultsThe overall complication occurrence rate was 5.8%. By type of complications are perforation 3.2%, mucosal laceration 0.5%, hemorrhage 1.0%, pancreatitis 0.6%, respiratory disorder 0.4%, and others 0.2%. By type of surgical reconstruction methods were Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction with choledocho‐jejunal anastomosis 4.2%, Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction without choledocho‐jejunal anastomosis 6.7%, pancreaticoduodenectomy 4.5%, pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy 4.2%, Billroth II gastrectomy (B‐II) 11.6%, and other reconstruction method (others) 7.4%. The contributing factors calculated by a multivariate analysis were B‐II (odds ratio: 1.864, 95% confidence interval: 1.001–3.471, P = 0.050) and the presence of naïve papilla (odds ratio: 3.268, 95% confidence interval: 1.426–7.490, P = 0.005).ConclusionsDB‐ERCP is a safe method with a total complication rate of 5.8% that could be considered within an acceptable range. The most common complication was the injury of the digestive tract such as perforation. Affecting risk factors for complications were B‐II and the presence of naïve papilla. DB‐ERCP procedures should be performed carefully of these factors.
Dexamethasone on postoperative gastrointestinal motility: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Yuezhi , Dong Chenyang , Lian Guodong , Li Dongsheng , Yin Yuehan , Yu Wenhai , Du Changkun , Liu Chen , Li Leping , Tian Feng , Jing Changqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimFollowing abdominal surgery, patients usually experience a transient episode of impaired gastrointestinal motility. This study aimed to determine whether a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients following elective gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsIn this single‐center, two‐arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial, we studied 126 patients (aged 18–80 years) who underwent elective open or laparoscopic bowel surgery for malignant or benign pathology. At the induction of anesthesia, a treatment group (n = 64) received a single dose of 8‐mg intravenous dexamethasone, and a control group (n = 62) received normal saline.ResultsIntravenous administration of 8‐mg dexamethasone significantly decreased the time to return of flatus by an average of approximately 8 h (P < 0.05). Abdominal distension was significantly reduced on the third day after surgery in the dexamethasone group (P < 0.05), and the time to tolerance of a liquid diet was shorter in the dexamethasone group (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in other secondary outcomes, including postoperative pain, complication rates, length of hospital stay, or time to first defecation, between the two groups.ConclusionsA single intravenous dose of 8‐mg dexamethasone at induction of anesthesia significantly decreases the time to return of flatus, improves abdominal distension at 72 h, and promotes tolerance of a liquid diet. Although further studies are required to confirm our results, we recommend that dexamethasone should be used more widely in gastrointestinal surgery.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Pharmacist‐Led Deprescribing ofNSAIDsin Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Sanyal Chiranjeev , Turner Justin P. , Martin Philippe , Tannenbaum Cara 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVESOlder adults are often prescribed potentially inappropriate medications associated with adverse health outcomes and increased health services utilization. Developing Pharmacist‐led Research to Educate and Sensitize Community Residents to the Inappropriate Prescriptions Burden in the Elderly (D‐PRESCRIBE), a pragmatic randomized clinical trial, demonstrated how a community pharmacist‐led evidence‐based educational intervention successfully empowered community‐dwelling older adults and their physicians to reduce chronic use of inappropriate medications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of the D‐PRESCRIBE intervention for discontinuing nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).DESIGNCost‐effectiveness analysis.SETTINGCanada.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 65 years and older.MEASUREMENTSDecision analysis combining decision tree and Markov state transition modeling was developed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of D‐PRESCRIBE (NSAIDs) compared with usual care from a Canadian healthcare system perspective with a time horizon of 1 year. Data from the D‐PRESCRIBE trial and published literature were used to calculate effectiveness, utilities, and costs. Reference case and scenario analyses were conducted using probabilistic modeling. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of the reference case model.RESULTSD‐PRESCRIBE (NSAIDs) was less costly (−$1008.61) and more effective (.11 quality‐adjusted life‐years [QALYs]) than usual care and was the dominant strategy. At willingness‐to‐pay thresholds of $50 000 per QALY and $100 000 per QALY, D‐PRESCRIBE (NSAIDs) incurred a positive incremental net benefit compared with usual care, suggesting it is cost‐effective. Compared with the reference case, scenario analyses gave comparable QALYs with modest variation in cost estimates.CONCLUSIONFor community‐dwelling older adults, D‐PRESCRIBE (NSAIDs) provides greater benefits at lower system costs, making it a compelling strategy to reduce the use and harms associated with chronic NSAID consumption. Our findings support reimbursing community pharmacists’ clinical professional services for deprescribing inappropriate NSAIDs in community‐dwelling older adults.J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1090–1097, 2020
Primary localized amyloidosis of the uterine cervix during pregnancy
Authors: Takimoto Yumi , Kogiku Ai , Konda Eri , Samoto Takashi , Ishihara Misa , Yamashita Taro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmyloidosis of the uterine cervix is rare. A 35‐year‐old pregnant woman underwent a cervical biopsy and was found to have amyloid deposits. The results of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry revealed that these deposits mainly consisted of immunoglobulin light chain (kappa chain). After undergoing several examinations, the patient was diagnosed with localized amyloidosis, without systemic or secondary amyloidosis. She underwent a normal delivery without disease exacerbation. The possible presence of systemic and secondary amyloidosis must be evaluated carefully during the diagnosis of localized cervical amyloidosis.
Ovarian size as a risk factor for recurrent adnexal torsion: Smaller is not better
Authors: Daykan Yair , Bogin Rona , Sharvit Merav , Yaniv Rina Tamir , Josephy Dana , Klein Zvi , Arbib Nissim , Schonman Ron 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate characteristics and risk factors for recurrent adnexal torsion (AT).MethodsRetrospective cohort study in a university‐affiliated medical center included 320 Women with AT verified by laparoscopy, from January 2005 through January 2017. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, surgical findings and treatment were retrospectively reviewed from patient records. Data from primary and secondary AT of patients in the recurrent torsion group was compared to those with single torsion, to evaluate risk factors for recurrent AT.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty seven (83.4%) patients had a single event of AT and 53 (16.5%) had recurrent AT. Patients with recurrent torsion had significantly fewer previous non‐gynecologic surgeries (4.3% and 9.8% of the study groups vs 32.2% of the control group, P = 0.001 for both). Ovarian size was significantly smaller in the recurrent torsion groups (47.5 mm and 48.3 mm vs 63.9 mm, P = 0.045 and P = 0.012, respectively). Polycystic ovary was significantly more common in the recurrent AT group (P = 0.028 and P = 0.005), with risk ratio 4.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.66 to 11.63). Ovaries without any specific findings were also more common among recurrent AT cases (P = 0.001 for both groups). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that smaller ovarian size is an independent risk factor for recurrent AT.ConclusionRecurrent torsion correlated with fewer previous surgeries, small ovarian mass, polycystic ovaries and ovaries without specific findings, which might indicate that additional pathophysiological factors contribute to the recurrent event. Ovarian fixation might be recommended in patients with primary torsion of normal or polycystic ovaries.