bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation for Rutting and Moisture damage of Hot Asphalt Mixtures using High Percentage of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Material
Authors: Rafiq Waqas , Napiah Madzlan Bin , Hartadi Sutanto Muslich , Salah Alaloul Wesam , Imran Khan Muhammad , Al-Sabaeei Abdulnaser 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) usage has increased a lot from the last two decades. World highway agencies are attempting to use higher quantities of RAP to cope up with not only economic and green environment but also to save natural resource and comparable or even better performing hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Continuous damages of flexible pavements like rutting, moisture damage and thermal cracking reduces the pavement performance as well as riding quality. Studies have shown that high amount of RAP mixtures has impact on the fatigue performance, stiffness and permanent rut deformation characteristics of hot mix asphalt. Therefore, this study was done by using experimental approach to check the rutting and moisture damages of RAP combined with HMA by using Hamburg Wheel-tracking Device (HWTD). The hot mix asphalt designs included a control or having mix with 0% RAP and six samples of HMA with 10%, 20%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 100% recycled asphalt mixture to get an optimum percentage on which performance testing was done, after finding out the corresponding volumetric properties of mixtures stability and flow parameters of RAP mixtures. In this research all tested mixtures with RAP showed better performance than the virgin mixes.
Modified Marshall Test assessment for emulsified asphalt cold mixes
Authors: Usman K R , Hainin M R , Satar M K I , M Warid M Naqiuddin , Abdulrahman Suleiman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Asphalt cold mixes are attractive to transportation agencies for their simplicity in set-up, less energy requirement, ease of application, and environmentally friendliness, though it suffers setbacks in terms of lack of a universally acceptable mix campaign, high water susceptibility, and low mechanical strength at initial stages of construction. However, they are widely used for rehabilitation and maintenance works, and to a lesser extent construction in low-trafficked roads. Notable among the cold mixtures is polymer modified emulsified asphalt micro-surfacing, which is used as a thin non-structural layer for the restoration of skid resistance and waterproofing. Marshall test is used to assess its performance similar to a structural wearing course layer. This study assessed the mechanical performance of cold mixtures by a modified Marshall mix employing a low viscosity cationic quick set emulsion (CQS-1h) and a cationic rapid set emulsion (RS-1k) and a 60/70 penetration grade binder. Rheological criteria assessment was conducted on both emulsions including particle charge, residue by evaporation, settlement and storage stability, solubility in inorganic solvent sieve test, and Saybolt Furol viscosity, while the residue from evaporation was tested for microstructural and mechanical performance, 65% and 63% residue by evaporation, dissolved in trichloroethylene at 95% and 100% for CQS-1h and RS-1k respectively.
Effect of Alkali-Activator to Bottom Ash Ratio on the Undrained Shear Strength of Bottom Ash based Geopolymer
Authors: Abbil A , Kassim A , Rashid A S A , Hainin M R , Ullah Arshad , Matusin S , Giwangkara G G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coal ash is generated as a raw product during combustion in thermal power plants. These industrial wastes include fly ash and bottom ash, which has been deemed as a source materials for geopolymer. Bottom ash is used in soil columns for stabilizing foundation soil. In the present study bottom ash from Tanjung bin power station was used as a substitute materials for making geopolymers. The effect of alkali activator to bottom ash ratio on the undrained shear strength of bottom ash based geopolymer was studied. The molarity of sodium silicate solution was kept as 14, Na2SiO3/NaOH of ratio 2.5, mass ratio of alkali activator to bottom ash 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60, and steam curing at 65°C were attempted for the samples. The experimental results of UU triaxial test indicate that alkali-activator to bottom ash ratio of 0.50 gives higher undrained shear strength.
Housing Design for Urban Poor in Kuala Lumpur: A Literature Review
Authors: Noor Hisham Nadiyah , Md Amin Nor Dina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Adequate comfortable shelter is a significant human rights and needs. In Kuala Lumpur, high demand of affordable quality housing for urban poor has yet to be fulfilled. In order to meet demand for adequate affordable housing for low-income households, the government has introduced numerous housing programs. However, anecdotal evidences suggest that most of this typical type of affordable housing may have design deficiency that could affect occupants’ housing satisfaction. This paper critically reviews on housing policy, typology and design issues for low-income housing in the context of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This paper argues that there is a direct relationship between housing design and occupants’ satisfaction. Based on the review, it can be recommended that housing design for low-income people should consider factors such as safety, local climate, privacy, sufficient space, layout planning, culture and social integration. Implications for the design of future housing for low income people are raised and the need for the improvement of the ongoing research is identified.
Assessing the Challenges of Integration Affordable and Sustainable Housing from Economic Perspectives
Authors: Syed Jamaludin S Z H , Hamid S H A , Mohd Noor S N A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The increasing worldwide demand for affordable housing and sustainable development leads to highly needed sustainable solutions in the housing sector. Households in the middle-income range struggle to secure the right sustainable home within their budget. In response to the Malaysian Eleventh National Plan (2016-2020), importance is given for every citizen to have affordable housing with sustainable elements, which leads to the trend of integrating affordability housing criteria in sustainable housing development. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the critical challenges of the integration of affordable and sustainable housing from the economic, environmental, and social perspectives of the middle-income group. However, this study focuses mainly on the challenges from economic perspectives. The semi-structured interview approach was employed involving several housing developers in the Klang Valley area as the sustainable concept is still early in Malaysia. Results revealed that the high cost of sustainable development, financial constraints of developers, lack of design, technology and expertise, financial constraints, lack of government enforcement and incentives, lack of commitment from stakeholders are the key challenges in developing affordable and sustainable housing. The outcomes of this study will hopefully serve to offer several guidelines for construction players to enhance the quality of life for sustainable communities via the Sustainable Affordable Housing Scheme.
Key Success Factors of Implementing Green Procurement in Public Construction Projects in Malaysia
Authors: Tawfik Alqadami Ahmed , Abdullah Zawawi Noor Amila Wan , Rahmawati Yani , Alaloul Wesam , Faisal Alshalif A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In construction industry, sustainability is no longer an option but an imperative. It turns to be an essential element for project stakeholders. Although green procurement is an environmental policy instrument that considers the impact of procurement and purchasing process for the sustainability of project development. However, the concept in Malaysia is still in its early stages and encounters barriers to make a paradigm shift towards a greener approach. This paper tends to shed light on the key success factors and to develop a roadmap for implementing green procurement in building and infrastructure projects. This could pave the road for establishing a transformation plan that could gradually overcome the current challenges. In this study, 380 Malaysian corporations were surveyed to determine their perspective on 50 factors affecting procurement delivery. A number of 142 questionnaires were assessed as valid responses. Results revealed that there is an excellent consistency in the investigated factors which have been statistically analyzed. The significant factors can be categorized into themes namely, perception, organizational management, regulative, logistical, contractual, technical, strategic and financial factors.
Reconstructing plastome evolution across the phylogenetic backbone of the parasitic plant genusCuscuta(Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Banerjee Arjan , Stefanović Saša 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParasitic plants have evolved to have reduced or completely lost ability to conduct photosynthesis and are usually characterized by sweeping morphological, physiological and genomic changes. The plastid genome (or plastome) is highly conserved in autotrophic plants and houses many key photosynthesis genes. This molecule is thus a useful system for documenting the genomic effects of a loss of autotrophy. Cuscuta (dodders) represents one of 12 independent transitions to a parasitic lifestyle in angiosperms. This near-cosmopolitan genus contains &gt; 200 obligate parasitic species circumscribed in four subgenera: Grammica, Pachystigma, Cuscuta and Monogynella. With respect to photosynthesis, Cuscuta is a heterogeneous group, containing both hemi- and holoparasitic members that are, respectively, partially or entirely reliant on parasitism to meet their carbon budget. Plastomes in this genus have been reported to show a substantial degree of diversification in terms of length and gene composition. Considered together with well-understood phylogenetic relationships, this genus presents an opportunity for fine-scale comparisons among closely related species of heterotrophic plants. This research documents changes in sequence composition and structure that occurred as these plants evolved along the trophic spectrum by using multiple whole-plastome assemblies from each of the four subgenera. By ‘triangulating’ the positions of genomic changes, we construct a step-by-s’tep model of plastome evolution across the phylogenetic backbone of Cuscuta and highlight the remarkable retention of most photosynthetic genes in these parasitic plants.
Prefrontal gating of sensory input differentiates cognitively impaired and unimpaired aging adults with HIV
Authors: Spooner Rachel K , Wiesman Alex I , O’Neill Jennifer , Schantell Mikki D , Fox Howard S , Swindells Susan , Wilson Tony W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite effective therapies that have extended the life expectancy of persons living with HIV, 35–70% of these adults still develop some form of cognitive impairment, and with a growing population of aging adults with HIV, the prevalence of these cognitive deficits is likely to increase. The mechanisms underlying these HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders remain poorly understood but are often accelerated by the aging process and accompanied by disturbances in sensory processing, which may contribute to the observed cognitive decline. The goal of the current study was to identify the impact of aging on HIV-related alterations in inhibitory processing and determine whether such alterations are related to cognitive impairment in neuroHIV. We used magnetoencephalographic imaging, advanced time series analysis methods, and a paired-pulse stimulation paradigm to interrogate inhibitory processing in 87 HIV-infected aging adults and 92 demographically matched uninfected controls (22–72 years old). Whole-brain maps linking age and neural indices were computed for each group and compared via Fisher’s Z transformations. Peak voxel time-series data were also extracted from the resulting images to quantify the dynamics of spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulation onset in each group. Whole-brain analyses using the somatosensory gating index, a metric of inhibitory processing and age distinguished impaired adults with HIV from unimpaired HIV-infected adults and controls. Briefly, younger cognitively impaired adults with HIV strongly utilized the prefrontal cortices to gate somatosensory input, and the role of this region in gating was uniquely and significantly modulated by aging only in impaired adults with HIV. Spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulus onset was also significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortices of those with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and this elevation was significantly related to the CD4 nadir across both HIV-infected groups. This is the first study to examine the impact of aging on inhibitory processing in HIV-infected adults with and without cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that young adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder utilize the prefrontal cortices to gate (i.e. suppress) redundant somatosensory input, and that this capacity uniquely diminishes with advancing age in impaired adults with HIV.
Integrative computational epigenomics to build data-driven gene regulation hypotheses
Authors: Chen Tyrone , Tyagi Sonika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiseases are complex phenotypes often arising as an emergent property of a non-linear network of genetic and epigenetic interactions. To translate this resulting state into a causal relationship with a subset of regulatory features, many experiments deploy an array of laboratory assays from multiple modalities. Often, each of these resulting datasets is large, heterogeneous, and noisy. Thus, it is non-trivial to unify these complex datasets into an interpretable phenotype. Although recent methods address this problem with varying degrees of success, they are constrained by their scopes or limitations. Therefore, an important gap in the field is the lack of a universal data harmonizer with the capability to arbitrarily integrate multi-modal datasets.ResultsIn this review, we perform a critical analysis of methods with the explicit aim of harmonizing data, as opposed to case-specific integration. This revealed that matrix factorization, latent variable analysis, and deep learning are potent strategies. Finally, we describe the properties of an ideal universal data harmonization framework.ConclusionsA sufficiently advanced universal harmonizer has major medical implications, such as (i) identifying dysregulated biological pathways responsible for a disease is a powerful diagnostic tool; (2) investigating these pathways further allows the biological community to better understand a disease’s mechanisms; and (3) precision medicine also benefits from developments in this area, particularly in the context of the growing field of selective epigenome editing, which can suppress or induce a desired phenotype.
Radial earth models revisited
Authors: Kennett B L N 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYThe current set of reference models for the radial variation of Earth structure have been in use for several decades, and provide a good representation of many aspects of the seismic wavefield. Nevertheless, strong constraints from the differential times between pairs of SmKS phases indicate the need to modify the P wave speed profile in the upper part of the outer core. In order to incorporate such a change and maintain the representation of the full suite of seismic phases compensatory adjustments have to be made, dominantly in the mantle. Using multi-objective optimization, a new preferred radial model ek137 has been generated that provides a good representation of the traveltimes of all core phases. An adiabatic profile can be maintained through most of the outer core, but departures are needed at the base, as in the ak135 model. The latest estimates for inner core shear wave speed are included in ek137.
Business group persistence and institutional maturity: the role of management practices
Authors: Liang Zhixiang , Carney Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA widely accepted account of business group (BG) functioning suggests that this common corporate form will dismantle and restructure with the progressive maturity of market-supporting institutions. However, even in mature institutional settings, BGs appear to persists and thrive. We hypothesize that BG persistence arises from an evolving competitive advantage because their competitive advantages with certain types of management practices do not decay with institutional development. We test our hypothesis with data assembled in the World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES). Empirical results show that several bundles of management practice differentiate BG affiliates and independent firms in the early phase of development but become less prominent at later stages. However, some of the differences in management practice bundles disappear, but others continue to differentiate independent firms and group affiliates in mature institutional jurisdictions.
Restriction of Laplace–Beltrami Eigenfunctions to Arbitrary Sets on Manifolds
Authors: Eswarathasan Suresh , Pramanik Malabika 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Given a compact Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$ without boundary, we estimate the Lebesgue norm of Laplace–Beltrami eigenfunctions when restricted to a wide variety of subsets $\Gamma $ of $M$. The sets $\Gamma $ that we consider are Borel measurable, Lebesguenull but otherwise arbitrary with positive Hausdorff dimension. Our estimates are based on Frostman-type ball growth conditions for measures supported on $\Gamma $. For large Lebesgue exponents $p$, these estimates provide a natural generalization of $L^p$ bounds for eigenfunctions restricted to submanifolds, previously obtained in [ 8, 18, 19, 32]. Under an additional measure-theoretic assumption on $\Gamma $, the estimates are shown to be sharp in this range. As evidence of the genericity of the sharp estimates, we provide a large family of random, Cantor-type sets that are not submanifolds, where the above-mentioned sharp bounds hold almost surely.
Palliative outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy: a review of 5 years of patient data
Authors: Hart Elizabeth , Snape Sue , Thomson Ross 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesA review of patients requiring lifelong antibiotics to control, rather than cure, infection was performed [‘palliative outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT)’]. This was to evaluate emerging themes and complications. The aim was to aid in the management of such patients.MethodsA retrospective review of the OPAT database over 5 years (2013–17) was performed. Of the 1438 patients, 9 were deemed to have received palliative OPAT.ResultsThe palliative cohort represented 0.6% of the total number of patients on OPAT and 8.6% of the bed days saved. Patients fell into two main groups: those with multiple comorbidities that precluded surgical management and those with a terminal condition. Both groups received IV antibiotics with no clear endpoint. The themes to emerge were: patients often had multiple comorbidities with a high operative risk to control the source of infection; a trial of no or oral antibiotics led to resurgence of the infection; vascular patients appeared to tolerate long-term antibiotics well; and conversely, antibiotic side effects were a significant issue in others. Patients with incurable cancer and a coincident infection can be given additional quality of life with the judicious use of appropriate therapy.ConclusionsThere are significant issues surrounding antimicrobial stewardship in the palliative OPAT group that should be considered. Excellent communication is required to deal with these often very complicated patients. There are considerable gains to be made both for patients and the number of bed days saved. The small number of patients accounted for a disproportionate number of bed days saved.
Inter-Laboratory Validation of 4-(Dimethylamino) Cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) Assay Using Cranberry Proanthocyanidin Standard for Quantification of Soluble Proanthocyanidins in Cranberry Foods and Dietary Supplements, First Action Official MethodSM: 2019.06
Authors: Birmingham Andrew D , Esquivel-Alvarado Daniel , Maranan Michael , Krueger Christian G , Reed Jess D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are oligomers and polymers of flavan-3-ols with putative health benefits. PAC are prevalent in a wide variety of natural products and dietary supplements.

Objective
An inter-laboratory study was conducted to validate the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) colorimetric assay using a 96-well plate spectrophotometer for the accurate quantification of PAC in cranberry products and to evaluate the comparison of the procyanidin A2 (ProA2) dimer and cranberry PAC (c-PAC) reference standards.

Methods
Four test materials analyzed in this study included cranberry fiber powder, cranberry extract powder, concentrated cranberry juice, and a solution of cranberry PAC (30%, w/v). The samples were homogenized, extracted, sonicated, centrifuged, and analyzed using a 96-well plate spectrophotometer.

Results
Linearity for both the ProA2 and c-PAC standards was determined from 4.053 to 50.666 µg/mL and from 13.520 to 135.95 µg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) values for the four materials analyzed, using both ProA2 and c-PAC standards, met the Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®). Inter-laboratory precision using Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values for the four materials analyzed, using both ProA2 and c-PAC standards, satisfies the acceptance range in Appendix K of the Official Methods of Analysis (2003): Guidelines for Dietary Supplements and Botanicals. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was estimated to be 3.16 µg/mL.

Conclusions
The results produced from this study demonstrate the utility of the c-PAC standard over the ProA2 standard and the advantages of using a 96-well plate spectrophotometer for the accurate quantification of PAC.

Highlights
The use of a 96-well plate reader and c-PAC reference standard in the DMAC method improves accuracy and percision for quantification of soluble proanthocyanidins in cranberry foods and dietary supplements.
The Role of Emotion Discourse and Pathic Stigma in the Delegitimization of Consumer Practices
Authors: Valor Carmen , Lloveras Javier , Papaoikonomou Eleni 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrawing on institutional theory and discursive psychology, this article elucidates how actors use emotion discourse to undermine the legitimacy of consumer practices. Based on an empirical investigation of the bullfighting controversy in Spain, our work shows how activists engage in the production and circulation of compelling emotional prototypes of their adversaries. Such emotional prototypes constitute the discursive foundations of a pathic stigma, which, once established, taints the identity of the social groups associated with the practice. Our work frames the centrality of pathic stigmatization as a cultural mechanism mediating the relationship between emotion discourse and the subsequent delegitimization of consumer practices. We make three key contributions to the literature: we advance a rhetorical perspective on emotions and their role in deinstitutionalization processes; we further develop the theory of marketplace sentiments by showing how sentiments operate downstream; and we provide evidence of the sociocultural mechanisms underpinning the emotional vilification, stereotyping and stigmatization of consumer collectives.