bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour of Smallholder Livestock Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Nwafor Christopher Ugochukwu , Ogundeji Abiodun A. , Van der Westhuizen Carlu 
Published: August 2020

This study examined marketing information needs and seeking behaviour among smallholder livestock farmers from the Eastern Cape province in South Africa. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 150 livestock farmers and analysed using percentages, weighted means for ranking and correlation. The results show a dominance of market price information requirement among farmers (65%), immediate market price information need (38%), high level of need (48%), and a strong reliance on sources such as other farmers (36%), phone calls (24%) and auctions (23%) for market information. In addition to this, the listed demographic characteristics of farmers namely age, sex, education, marital status, household size, income and herd size strongly influenced their information seeking behaviour (p<0.05). Provision of additional sources of market price information, and ensuring that the personal features of farmers are taken into consideration when designing information service interventions is crucial.
Keywords: behaviour, information need, information-seeking, livestock farmer, smallholder
Evaluation of Extracts of Leaves of <I>Crinum jagus</I> for Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Alawode T.T. , Lajide L. , Owolabi B.J. , Olaleye M.T. 
Published: August 2020

Plants have been used in ethno-medicine for ages in the treatment of various diseases. In the current study, the leaves of C. jagus are investigated for antimicrobial activities. The leaves were dried and extracted successively with hexane, ethylacetate and methanol. The concentrated extracts were screened for activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebisidlae pneumonae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus stolonifer at concentrations between 6.25 and 200 mg/ml using the agar diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was also determined. The percentage yields obtained were 0.92 %, 1.20 % and 25.2 % for the hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts respectively. The zones of inhibition of the organisms by the extracts generally increased with the concentrations. The methanol extract showed the best activity of the three extracts tested. The methanol extract had values ranging between 20 mm and 26 mm against the bacteria at 200 mg/ml. This extract also showed values between 18 mm and 20 mm against the fungi at 200 mg/ml. The lowest MICs values (of 2.5 mg/ml) were obtained against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis and S. typhi. The polar constituents in the leaves of the plant are likely responsible for the antimicrobial properties observed. None of the extracts showed activity comparable to those of the standard drugs, however the methanol extract showed some potential as a source of antimicrobial compounds.
Keywords: Crinum jagus, antimicrobial, Agar diffusion, MIC
Heavy Metals Concentrations in Five Brands of Lip Gloss and Mascara Cosmetics Sold and Used in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpe M.A. , Anozie R.C. , Inezi F.P. 
Published: August 2020

This study is evaluated the concentration of some toxic heavy metals present in selected cosmetics sold and used in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeriausing aFlame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), VGP 210 (BUCK Scientific) Model. The result revealed that the average concentration of the metals in mg/L ranged thus: Cadmium (0.012- 0.046), Chromium (0.002- 0.022), Lead (0.004- 0.024) and Nickel (0.140- 0.416). The concentration of Arsenic and Mercury was not detected, and were considered string variables in this study. From the results, the concentration of the metals detected were within the permissible limit of the World Health Organization (WHO) except Cadmium that was slightly above the WHO limit in one of the samples with a value of 0.046 mg/L. These results indicate that the selected cosmetics used in Calabar contains low amounts of the heavy metals analyzed in this study and may not pose any health risk for now, except that the accumulation of such little amounts over timedue to prolonged use of these cosmetics may cause harm.
Keywords: Concentration, Heavy metals, Cosmetics, Calabar
Awareness on the Prevention and Treatment of Malaria among Residents in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Edje K.E. , Daubry T.M.E. , Nwankwo L.U. , Moke E.G. , Erhirhie E.O. , Enaigbe O. 
Published: August 2020

Nigeria, the most populous nation in the Sub-Saharan African region, remains ravaged with a high occurrence of malaria infections which accounts for one-fourth of malaria cases globally. Communal awareness is important in the total eradication of malaria in Africa and the world at large. This study is to ascertain the awareness of individuals in Abraka communities on the transmission, prevention and treatment of malaria. A cross- sectional survey was carried out among people of Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria, using 200 structured questionnaires. Data was presented as percentage (%) using descriptive statistics. Majority of the respondents were females (51%), 83.5% practiced Christianity, 63% of the subjects are single, and a total of 60.4% either into business, employed or selfemployed with 38% being students. Eighty-nine percent (89%) of the respondents indicated that mosquito bite is the mode of transmission of malaria and 82.5% of the respondents stated that refuse dump is the major factor that breed mosquito. A large number of the respondents (95%) have been engaged in one or more malaria preventive (control) methods. A greater percent (30%) commonly used artesunate in treating malaria, while 25% took Coartem® (artemether/lumefantrine), 23% took Lonart® (artemether/lumefantrine), 10% took quinine and 12% had other drugs they took for the treatment of malaria. There was much awareness on the spread, prevention and treatment of malaria in Abraka, Delta State.
Keywords: Antimalarial, communal awareness, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), Abraka.
Sediment Quality of Orashi River at Four Oil Producing Communities of Nigeria
Authors: Akachukwu D. , Nnaji J.C. , Ojimelukwe P. , Onoja S. , Odo S. 
Published: August 2020

Bed Sediment samples were collected in the Dry Season from Orashi River at three sampling sites each located in Mmahu, Opuoma, Abacheke and Ogwu Aniocha communities. Physicochemical parameters, hydrocarbon and heavy metal (As, Cd, Fe and Pb) concentrations were determined with standard methods. Results showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) ranged from 0.11 ±0.03 to 1.91 ±0.25 mg/kg while total hydrocarbon content (THC) and oil and grease had ranges of 0.28 ±0.06-2.98 ±0.19 and 0.69 ±0.09-3.60 ±0.57 mg/kg respectively. The sediment samples were classified as unpolluted in terms of TPH. Mean values for pH had a range of 4.33 ±0.22 - 6.60 ±0.52 while the texture of most samples was sandy. Mean organic carbon contents ranged from 0.58±0.07 to 3.15±0.66 % and mean total nitrogen and total phosphorus had ranges of 0.30±0.00 -2.77±0.46 and 17.34±1.65 - 29.48±1.63 mg/kg respectively. Mean Mg concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the concentrations of other exchangeable bases and mean As concentration had a range of 1.175±0.086-1.291±0.335 mg/kg. Mean Cd concentrations ranged from 0.948±0.072 to 3.120±0.131 mg/kg while mean Fe and Pb concentrations had ranges of 57.324±10.530-159.707±41.192 and 1.300±0.295-7.462±0.861 mg/kg respectively. As and Pb values were lower than the sediment quality guidelines (SQG) but Cd values were higher than the guidelines in all sites. Contamination factors (CFs) for As and Pb indicated low contamination while CFs for Cd indicated moderate to considerable contamination. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values for As and Pb at all sites and that of Cd at one site indicated unpolluted, Igeo values for Cd at all other sites ranged between 0.210 and 1.571 indicating unpolluted to moderately polluted status.
Keywords: Sediment, Orashi, hydrocarbons, physicochemical, metals, contamination
Heavy Metal Uptake Responses in Plants Grown on Crude Oil-Polluted Soils as Prospects for Phytoremediation
Authors: Olawepo G.K. , Ogunkunle C.O. , Fatoba P.O. , Animasaun D.A. , Benuwabor P.O. , Danzaki M.M. 
Published: August 2020

The demand and utilization of petroleum products have re-energized its exploration and exploitation globally and this upsurge in world production, refining and distribution of petroleum products have brought with it various problems of environmental pollution, which have effects on the ecosystems. Twenty (24) polyethylene pots each containing 7 kg of sandy loam soil mixed with 50 ml of crude oil, were arranged in the Botanical garden of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, to assess their ability to phytoextract heavy metals in Crude oil-polluted soil. Seeds of Amaranthus hybridus L., Tithonia diversifolia, Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Zea mays were sown in polyethylene containers containing 7 kg of contaminated or Control soil. The containers were arranged in a complete randomized design. Plants were left to grow for two months with regular watering. Plants were harvested, separated into roots and shoots and oven-dried to constant weight. The experimental plants have been able to reduce the concentration of Cu in both soils by about 45% to 85%, Cr in the soil by 92.08% to 96.72%, as the residual concentration varied between 66.00 mg/kg and 99.00 mg/kg, Cd in the soil was reduced to 4.00 mg/kg and 17 mg/kg which represented 96.8% and 86.4% reduction. Tithonia had the highest Pb reduction in crude oilpolluted soil. Ni concentration was reduced by 85.84% by Tithonia planted in crude oil-polluted soil, 94.59% by Amaranthus hybridus planted in Control soil. These show that all the test plants were good phytoextractors of the metals.
Keywords: Heavy metals, phytoremediation, Amaranthus hybridus L., Tithonia diversifolia, Abelmoschus esculentus L, Zea mays
A Comparative Study of Deep and Shallow Parsing Approaches to Automated Grammaticality Evaluation
Authors: Aregbesola MK , Ganiyu RA , Olabiyisi SO , Omidiora EO 
Published: August 2020

The concept of automated grammar evaluation of natural language texts is one that has attracted significant interests in the natural language processing community. It is the examination of natural language text for grammatical accuracy using computer software. The current work is a comparative study of different deep and shallow parsing techniques that have been applied to lexical analysis and grammaticality evaluation of natural language texts. The comparative analysis was based on data gathered from numerous related works. Shallow parsing using induced grammars was first examined along with its two main sub-categories, the probabilistic statistical parsers and the connectionist approach using neural networks. Deep parsing using handcrafted grammar was subsequently examined along with several of it‟s subcategories including Transformational Grammars, Feature Based Grammars, Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), Definite Clause Grammar (DCG), Property Grammar (PG), Categorial Grammar (CG), Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG), and Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). Based on facts gathered from literature on the different aforementioned formalisms, a comparative analysis of the deep and shallow parsing techniques was performed. The comparative analysis showed among other things that while the shallow parsing approach was usually domain dependent, influenced by sentence length and lexical frequency and employed machine learning to induce grammar rules, the deep parsing approach were not domain dependent, not influenced by sentence length nor lexical frequency, and they made use of well spelt out set of precise linguistic rules. The deep parsing techniques proved to be a more labour intensive approach while the induced grammar rules were usually faster and reliability increased with size, accuracy and coverage of training data. The shallow parsing approach has gained immense popularity owing to availability of large corpora for different languages, and has therefore become the most accepted and adopted approach in recent times.
Keywords: Grammaticality, Natural language processing, Deep parsing, Shallow parsing, Handcrafted grammar, Precision grammar, Induced grammar, Automated scoring, Computational linguistics, Comparative study.
Impact of Emerging Technologies on the Job Performance of Educators in Selected Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Edeh MO , Sharma A , Nwafor CE , Fyneface AG , Sen S , Edeh EC 
Published: August 2020

The use of emerging technology tools, platforms and devices has become an integral part of education. This was evident during the recent Coronavirus pandemic lockdown of which many educators and students had to rely on the use of various technological devices, platforms and tools such as videoconferencing tools and e-learning platforms to aid continued education online. The study examines the impact of emerging technologies on the job performance of educators in selected tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 152 educators selected from five different tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The collected data were later analyzed using STATA/regression Analysis. The result shows that there was a significant improvement on the job performances of educators due to their usage of various emerging technologies. Most of the participants used emerging technologies for; content development and delivery, knowledge creation, communication, assessment, research, academic advising and professional development, all of which enhanced their efficiencies and productivity at work. Also, several factors such as; network and electricity issues were found to limit the use of emerging technologies by educators. The study concluded that emerging technologies are essential tools to improve educator’s efficiency and productivity, thus, there is need for all educators to always update their digital skills in line with the emerging trends in technology and education.
Keywords: Emerging technologies, Educators, Job performance, Virtual reality, AI.
A Scalable Health Information System with Appointments Scheduling Facility (A Case Study of National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)).
Authors: Aweh O , Olowolagba AA , Ukeagbu SO 
Published: August 2020

Waiting time problem, especially for out-patients, is an exceptionally serious issue in public hospitals across the globe. This study observes that with a system that allows subscribers of NHIS to seek medical attention in any NHIS designated hospitals, the waiting time problem will be a major challenge. A perusal of the literature shows that this problem stems substantially from the practice of fixing patients appointments without regard to specific time periods a patient is likely to receive attention on the designated day. The problem is further exacerbated by the practice of fixing such appointments without recourse to the number of doctors who will be available and in some cases, the time to be spent at some facilities. To address this problem, this study modelled an appointment scheduling system that took into consideration the number of doctors, the number of patients and the likely time it will take to complete consultations and the time it will take to complete some procedures or checks at available facility, in some instances. The study then translated this conceptual solution into a formal design using an object-oriented analysis and design methodology. The designed solution was implemented using suitable programming and scripting languages (Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), JavaScript, HTML5, and CSS), different software tools (MySQL DBMS, Apache Tomcat Webserver) and third party Application Programming Interfaces (API’s). The test results of the developed system vividly demonstrated the proper functioning of the desired features and functions specified.
Keywords: National Health Insurance Scheme, Integrated Information System, Out Patients Appointment Scheduling, Object Oriented Analysis and Design.
Gerencia educativa: Transformación e innovación
Authors: Pérez Mirabal Norka  Felipa 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo aborda un análisis de la importancia de instaurar un clima organizacional satisfactorio a través de las competencias gerenciales en el ámbito escolar, tomando en cuenta factores sociales, económicos, religiosos, culturales, curriculares y políticos, amenazantes del entorno laboral educativo venezolano. Es preocupante el manejo de las instituciones cuando el gerente carece de perspectivas educacionales, visión futurista transformacional y sentido de pertenencia dentro de la institución que dirige, se pierde el ambiente escolar, se torna insostenible y crece la desmotivación por el buen desempeño laboral. Este estudio expone argumentos para mejorar institucional y personalmente la gestión educativa, enmarcado en el diseño de investigación cualitativa, inspirado en el enfoque descriptivo deductivo de modalidad documental como propuesta educativa. Es prioridad tener la actitud de enfrentar los retos actuales para alcanzar las metas propuestas en el entorno gerencial y buscar los nuevos paradigmas administrativos en el campo de la enseñanza.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MẬT ĐỘ TRỒNG ĐẾN NĂNG SUẤT VÀ HÀM LƯỢNG PROTEIN MỘT SỐ GIỐNG DIÊM MẠCH (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) NHẬP NỘI TẠI BUÔN MA THUỘT
Authors: Minh Nguyễn Văn 
Published: August 2020

Nghiên cứu này thực hiện nhằm xác định mật độ trồng cho năng suất và hàm lượng protein tốt nhất đối với 4 giống diêm mạch nhập nội trồng trên đất nâu đỏ bazan tại thành phố Buôn Ma Thuột, tỉnh Đắk Lắk. Bố trí thí nghiệm theo khối ngẫu nhiên đầy đủ hai nhân tố (Randomized Complete Block design - RCBD) ba lần nhắc lại. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định được giống diêm mạch Atlas cho năng suất thực thu cao nhất trong 4 giống, trung bình đạt 22,48 tạ/ha/vụ và hàm lượng protein tốt nhất đạt trung bình 18,49%; Mật độ trồng phù hợp nhất là 80.000 cây/ha cho năng suất thực thu trung bình đạt 20,59 tạ/ha/vụ. Giống Atlas trồng ở mật độ 80.000 cây/ha cho năng suất thực thu trung bình đạt cao nhất 26,03 tạ/ha/vụ, hàm lượng protein đạt 18,83%.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at determining suitable crop density for the highest yield and protein content for four imported quinoa varieties grown on red brown bazal soil in Buon Ma Thuot city, Dak Lak province. The experiments were designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for two factors with three replicates. The results showed that Atlas variety had the highest actual yield and protein content among the investigated varieties (22.48 quinals/ha/crop and 18,49%). The most suitable crop density was 80.000 plants/ha which resulted in an average actual yield of 20.59 quinals/ha/crop. The Atlas variety grown at the density of 80.000 plants/ha was the formulation having the highest actual yield and protein content (26.03 quinals/ha/crop and 18,83%).
KẾT QUẢ TẬP TRUNG ĐẤT NÔNG NGHIỆP TẠI HUYỆN TÂY HÒA, TỈNH PHÚ YÊN TRONG GIAI ĐOẠN 2013 - 2018
Authors: Hải Nguyễn Thị , Phong Phạm Hoài 
Published: August 2020

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá kết quả tập trung đất nông nghiệp trên địa bàn huyện Tây Hòa, tỉnh Phú Yên trong giai đoạn 2013- 2018. Trên cơ sở các số liệu thứ cấp được thu thập từ các cơ quan chức năng trên địa bàn huyện Tây Hòa và kết quả xử lý số liệu phỏng vấn các hộ gia đình, cá nhân đã thực hiện tập trung đất nông nghiệp, nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra một số kết quả. Cụ thể: (i) Việc tập trung đất nông nghiệp đã diễn ra ở tất cả 11 xã và thị trấn trên địa bàn huyện Tây Hòa với ba loại đất là đất trồng cây hàng năm, đất trồng cây lâu năm và đất rừng sản xuất; (ii) Việc tập trung đất nông nghiệp được thực hiện với ba hình thức là dồn điền đổi thửa, nông dân tự góp đất nông nghiệp để liên kết sản xuất và người dân thuê đất nông nghiệp ngắn hạn để sản xuất; (iii) Tổng số hộ thực hiện tập trung đất nông nghiệp là 8.538 hộ với tổng diện tích đất nông nghiệp được tập trung là 4.672,1 ha; (iv) Tập trung đất nông nghiệp đã làm giảm số thửa đất bình quân trên hộ, làm tăng diện tích đất bình quân trên thửa do vậy đã làm nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng đất và tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho việc sử dụng đất của người dân.
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted in Tay Hoa district, Phu Yen province to assess the results of agricultural land concentration. Based on collecting and analyzing data related to agricultural land concentration in period of 2013-2018 in Tay Hoa district, the research showed that: (i) The concentration of agricultural land was happened in 11 communes and towns in Tay Hoa district with three types of land, including: annual crop land, perennial crop land and production forest land; (ii) The concentration of agricultural land was carried out in three forms: land consolidation, farmers contributed agricultural land to link production and people who rent agricultural land for production in a short-term; (iii) There were 8.538 households that carried out in agricultural land concentration with a total of agricultural land area of 4.672,1 ha; (iv) Concentration of agricultural land has reduced the average number of parcels of land per household and increased the average land area on the parcel in order to enhance the efficiency of land use and create favorable conditions for people in the process of land use.
THỰC TRẠNG VÀ NHỮNG THÁCH THỨC TRONG QUẢN LÝ ĐẤT NGẬP NƯỚC TẠI VÙNG CỬA SÔNG Ô LÂU, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Nõn Dương Quốc , Ngữ Nguyễn Hữu , Phượng Trương Đỗ Minh , Thanh Lê Hữu Ngọc , Linh Nguyễn Thị Nhật , Nam Nguyễn Thành , Thúy Lê Thị 
Published: August 2020

Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích làm rõ những đặc điểm và những thách thức trong quản lý, bảo tồn đất ngập nước (ĐNN) tại vùng cửa sông Ô Lâu (CSÔL), tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Kết hợp phương pháp phỏng vấn nông hộ, phỏng vấn cán bộ với phương pháp bản đồ, GIS, viễn thám đã cho thấy, vùng CSÔL có diện tích khoảng 11.000 ha, trong đó, vùng lõi có diện tích là khoảng 433 ha. Theo tiêu chuẩn phân loại ĐNN của Việt Nam, khu vực này có 3 nhóm chính là i) nhóm ĐNN biển và ven biển; ii) nhóm ĐNN nội địa; và iii) nhóm ĐNN nhân tạo. Hiện nay, người dân vẫn đang khai thác các nguồn tài nguyên của vùng CSÔL cho các hoạt động sinh kế. Khoảng 99,6 ha cây bụi tại các bãi bồi đã bị thay thế bởi các loại cây nông nghiệp. Tài nguyên, cảnh quan ĐNN tại CSÔL đang bị biến đổi mạnh mẽ và chức năng sinh thái của khu vực này cũng đang bị suy giảm mạnh. Để phục hồi các chức năng của vùng CSÔL, cần nhiều giải pháp từ cả chính quyền địa phương, người dân và các nhà khoa học. Trong đó, quan trọng nhất là nhận thức của người dân và ý chí của các cấp quản lý trong quá trình hoạch định chiến lược phát triển của vùng.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at determining the O Lau river’s wetlands (OLRW) characteristics and identifying challenges in wetland management and conservation. By using various methods such as households and local government’s staff interview, mapping, geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing, the research results showed that the OLRW was about 11.000 hectares in which its core zone was about 433 hectares. Following Vietnam’s classification of wetlands, OLRW has three main categories, namely: i) marine and coastal wetlands; ii) inland wetlands; and iii) man-made wetlands. Currently, inhabitants are exploiting OLRW’s natural resources for their livelihood activities. Approximately 99,6 hectares of shrub-dominated wetlands were replaced by agricultural crops. OLRW’s natural resources and landscape have been destroying by human’s activities. In addition, its ecological function has also been reducing. For OLRW’s ecological functional resilience, it is necessary for the local government, inhabitants and sicientists to take countermeasures. The most important keys are inhabitants’ perception and local government’s mind in deciding to make of the development of the strategic plans.