bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphic design and scientific research – the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) experience
Authors: Riposati Daniela , D'Addezio Giuliana , Di Laura Francesca , Misiti Valeria , Battelli Patrizia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. One of the primary activities of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology; INGV) is the production of resources concerning educational and outreach projects in geophysics and natural hazard topics. This activity is aimed at transferring, periodically, results at the forefront of ongoing research to the public through an intense and comprehensive plan for scientific dissemination. Over the past 15 years, graphic and visual
communication have become essential tools for supporting institutional and
research activities. In this paper, we describe successful INGV team
experiences resulting from a close relationship and collaborative work
between graphic designers and research scientists. The main goal of the
projects devoted to the general public, through the creation of a museum
exhibition or the production of descriptive brochures, is to support
scientists in conveying their message and making concepts fruitful,
easier to understand but also fully enjoyable thanks to the emotional
involvement that images may generate. Through a careful composition
of signs and images, and through the use of different visual tools (colours,
form and lettering) on different media (print, video and web), the graphics and
editorial products together create a strong INGV-style identity, making
it easily recognizable in any educational and outreach project. A full
project product package might include a logo or other artwork, organized
text and pure design elements such as shapes and colours, which serve the
purpose of unifying the whole set. Colour is used not only to help the
project logo to stand out from the international overview but, in our case,
also to generate a unifying return across all INGV sections. A recent and
highly stimulating experience concerned the creation of edu-games,
specifically designed for scientific dissemination, through a close
collaboration between INGV graphic designers and their reference scientific
community. The edu-games were designed as an effective combination of
educational content and playful communicative aspects, leading the young
players to learn while having fun.
The utility of earth science information in post-earthquake land-use decision-making: the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Quigley Mark C. , Saunders Wendy , Massey Chris , Van Dissen Russ , Villamor Pilar , Jack Helen , Litchfield Nicola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Earth science information (data, knowledge, advice) can
enhance the evidence base for land-use decision-making. The utility of this
information depends on factors including the context and objectives of
land-use decisions, the timeliness and efficiency with which earth science
information is delivered, and the strength, relevance, uncertainties, and
risks assigned to earth science information relative to other inputs. We
investigate land-use decision-making practices in Christchurch, New Zealand,
and the surrounding region in response to mass movement (e.g., rockfall,
cliff collapses) and ground-surface fault rupture hazards incurred during
the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES). Rockfall fatality risk
models combining hazard, exposure, and vulnerability data were co-produced by
earth scientists and decision makers and formed primary evidence for
risk-based land-use decision-making with adaptive capacity. A public
consultation and submission process enabled consideration of additional
earth science information primarily via stakeholder requests. For fault
rupture hazards, pre-disaster geotechnical guidelines and collaboration
networks enhanced the ability of earth scientists to rapidly acquire
relevant observational data to meet the demands of decision makers.
Expeditious decision-making granted permissive consent for rebuilding in the
fault rupture zone based on preliminary scientific advice that was
subsequently supported by more comprehensive geological investigations.
Rapidly fluctuating and diverse demands for post-disaster earth science
information may be best met through the prior establishment of (i) land-use
policies and technical guidelines tailored for a variety of diverse disaster
scenarios, (ii) hazard and risk analyses in land-use plans, including
acquisition of geospatial and other earth science data, and (iii) coordinated scientific networks that may comprise subgroups with diverse goals, operational perspectives, and protocols which allow the many facets of scientific information acquisition and delivery to be successfully
addressed. Despite the collective knowledge shared here, some recent land-use practices in New Zealand continue to prioritize other (e.g.,
socioeconomic) factors above earth science information, even in areas of
extreme disaster risk.
Dispositivos y estrategias lingüístico-discursivas en narrativas de spams
Authors: Belli Simone , Jiménez Bernal Miriam 
Published: December 2020

Nuestro objetivo con este artículo es relacionar las emociones y los estereotipos de género por medio del análisis de las narrativas que contienen los spams. Presentaremos cuatro diferentes tipos de spam de 450 correos electrónicos, que tengan entre 4 y 52 líneas de extensión. Estos se recibieron entre finales de 2009 y mediados de 2016 y fueron escritos en inglés, español, portugués y francés. Nuestro análisis se realizará en 2 pasos. En el primer paso se describirán las estrategias lingüísticas discursivas. En el segundo paso, se abordará la expresión lingüística de las emociones. Nos basaremos en la Teoría del Posicionamiento de Rom Harré para identificar dónde se ubican los autores y los lectores en las narraciones.
Caracterización morfológica y tecnológica de la cerámica prehistórica del yacimiento arqueológico del Cerro de los Vientos (Puente del Obispo-Baeza, Jaén)
Authors: Fernández Martín Sergio 
Published: December 2020

Para la realización de este estudio se ha sometido a análisis morfométrico y tecnológico un conjunto cerámico recuperado de la campaña realizada en el yacimiento arqueológico del Cerro de los Vientos (Puente Obispo-Baeza, Jaén) entre 2014 y 2015. El sitio presenta varias fases de ocupación de época prehistórica y protohistórica. Los investigadores identificaron distintas zonas y recintos compuestos principalmente por estructuras negativas de muy diversa tipología.
Como punto de partida del trabajo se propone la clasificación tipológica de las cerámicas correspondientes a las fases de la Edad del Cobre y Edad del Bronce del asentamiento. Posteriormente los datos se cruzan con una serie de variables tecnológicas y cualitativas, para poder descubrir técnicas de manufactura, uso o reparación de las vasijas. En último término el objetivo es conocer parte de la cadena técnico operativa y el modelo productivo desarrollado.
Tiempos cristianos y tiempos andinos en las crónicas coloniales y los qeros
Authors: Martínez C. José Luis 
Published: December 2020

Un conjunto de qeros andinos de los siglos XVII y XVIII, que muestran escenas correspondientes al pasado andino y a su presente colonial, permiten abordar la discusión acerca de los distintos conceptos de tiempo y espacio que tenían tanto las sociedades cristianas europeas de la época como la andina. En tanto que en las primeras ambos conceptos son autónomos, en los Andes el concepto de pacha supone la simultaneidad de tiempo y espacio. Mientras las crónicas escritas por europeos se organizaron con una concepción lineal del tiempo, las narraciones visuales en los qeros siguieron principios organizativos y enunciativos distintos. Se propone que ambos conceptos coexistieron colonialmente, y sirvieron de base para la construcción y/o conservación de las memorias en los Andes.
The Mediterranean and “Mediterranean Studies”: An Editor's Retrospective
Authors: de Sousa Geraldo U. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT:This essay focuses on the meaning of “Mediterranean” and “Mediterranean studies,” offers an overview of the author's tenure as editor of the journal Mediterranean Studies (2001–11), and provides reminiscences of the Congresses and educational post tours organized by the Mediterranean Studies Association. A singularly capacious view of what defines the Mediterranean and the complexities of the field of Mediterranean studies emerge from an examination of articles published in the journal and from a cluster of experiences that the Mediterranean Studies Association has bundled into a package, including the international Annual Congresses, the journal, and the educational post tours. The post tours in Rio de Janeiro (2000); in Southwestern France, the sites associated with the Cathars, Andorra, and Aragon (2004); on the Island of Sardinia and the Island of Corsica (2009); and in Epirus, Western Greece, and Albania (2011) are highlighted to underscore scholarly discoveries and insights, opportunities for academic collaboration, and shared experiences.
Revitalizing Keno: A Call for Pattern-Based Proposition Bets
Authors: Ingrassia Christopher Michael 
Published: December 2020

Keno is a renowned game of chance offered by both lotteries and casinos throughout the world. The premise of the game is simple: a set of numbers is drawn at random and players are paid for selecting all or most of those numbers in advance. The mathematical foundation governing the odds and payouts for these basic wagers is elementary. More sophisticated bets, however, have associated probabilities which cannot be easily calculated by applying a manageable series of formulas. As a result, keno’s wagering menu has remained stagnant since the game’s widespread inception. Namely, proposition bets, now commonplace in virtually every other form of gaming, have never been developed for keno to any large degree. This is both unfortunate and surprising because keno is ideally suited for such an expansion. Unlike most other lottery-style games, keno highlights all drawn numbers on a rectangular grid, creating random visual patterns at the conclusion of each drawing. Creative new wagers based on these patterns are rigorously derived herein. These new additions should greatly enhance the game for both gamblers and enterprising gaming operators alike.
Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings for Automobile Applications
Authors: Olaitan Kolawole Funsho , Kolade Kolawole Shola , Bernardo Varela Luis , Felix Owa Adebayo , Antonio Ramirez Marco , Paulo Tschiptschin André 
Published: December 2020

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are amorphous carbon material which exhibits typical properties of diamond such as hardness and low coefficient of friction, characterized based on the sp3 bonded carbon and structure. The proportion of sp2 (graphetically) and sp3 (diamond-like) determines the properties of the DLC. This coating can be applied to automobile engine component in an attempt to provide energy efficiency by reducing friction and wear. However, DLC coatings are faced with issues of thermal instability caused by increasing temperature in the combustion engine of a vehicle. Therefore, it became necessary to seek ways of improving this coating to meetup with all tribological requirements that will be able to resist transformational change of the coating as the temperature increases. This chapter discusses the need for diamond-like carbon coatings for automobile engine applications, due to their ultra-low friction coefficient (<0.1) and excellent wear resistance (wear rate ~ 7 x 10−17 m3/N.m). The importance of DLC coatings deposited using PECVD technique, their mechanical and tribological properties at conditions similar to automobile engines would also be discussed. Non-metallic (hydrogen, boron, nitrogen, phosphorus, fluorine and sulfur) or metals (copper, nickel, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, chromium and niobium) has been used to improve the thermal stability of DLC coatings. Recently, incorporation of Ag nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, WO3 nanoparticles and MoO3 nanoparticles into DLC has been used. The novel fabrication of diamond-like carbon coatings incorporated nanoparticles (WO3/MoO3) using PECVD for automobile applications has shown an improvement in the adhesion properties of the DLC coatings. DLC coatings had a critical load of 25 N, while after incorporating with WO3/MoO3 nanoparticles had critical load at 32 N and 39 N respectively.
Hemipogon trilobatus sp. nov. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae), a new microendemic from Chapada dos Veadeiros, Central Brazil
Authors: Bitencourt Cássia , Santos Amanda P.B. , Snak Cristiane , Rapini Alessandro 
Published: December 2020

Hemipogon s. str. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) currently consists of three species sharing an erect herbaceous habit, narrow leaves and corona-less flowers with urceolate, internally bearded corolla, that are mainly distributed in savannahs of the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot, South America. Here, we describe and illustrate a new species of Hemipogon, H. trilobatus Bitencourt & Rapini sp. nov., from an open savannah in Chapada dos Veadeiros, Central Brazil. Hemipogon trilobatus sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus mainly by the presence of a reduced staminal corona with 3-lobed lobes, but also by opposite leaves and triangular anthers. Distribution and habitat data, as well as a key and a comparative table to distinguish the four species currently accepted in Hemipogon s. str., are provided. Based on criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered.
Penalties in Chemometrics
Authors: Eilers Paul H.C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A penalty is a simple device to push the solution of a regression model in a desired direction. A penalty can achieve smoothness, or it can remove singularities. Both types of penalties are presented. Important applications of roughness penalties are noise reduction and trend estimation. Size penalties have their origin in ridge regression for multivariate calibration. It is shown that roughness penalties are more effective in this application.
A penalty comes with a tuning parameter to set its influence. To optimize the penalty, cross‐validation is effective. In a regression model it can be implemented in an efficient way. Several examples are provided.
Mobile Chromatographs and Spectrometers for the Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Witkiewicz Zygfryd , Wardencki Waldemar , Neffe Sławomir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article describes the technological state of readiness regarding mobile chromatographs and spectrometers and their applicability for the analysis of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), degradation products, simulants, and precursors. Application of chromatographic techniques and instruments, which are useful for the screening and analysis of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)‐related chemicals, is described. Proper choice of mobile equipment and its applicability for detection of CWAs are discussed. Various miniaturized detectors and analytical procedures are described. The analytical techniques and advanced software for large amount of analytical data management are important factors when performing the on‐site analysis for security and forensic needs. The advantages and disadvantages of mobile instruments in comparison with the laboratory equipment are presented.
A review on medical imaging synthesis using deep learning and its clinical applications
Authors: Wang Tonghe , Lei Yang , Fu Yabo , Wynne Jacob F. , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper reviewed the deep learning‐based studies for medical imaging synthesis and its clinical application. Specifically, we summarized the recent developments of deep learning‐based methods in inter‐ and intra‐modality image synthesis by listing and highlighting the proposed methods, study designs, and reported performances with related clinical applications on representative studies. The challenges among the reviewed studies were then summarized with discussion.
Polyphenol‐Induced Adhesive Liquid Metal Inks for Substrate‐Independent Direct Pen Writing
Authors: Rahim Md. Arifur , Centurion Franco , Han Jialuo , Abbasi Roozbeh , Mayyas Mohannad , Sun Jing , Christoe Michael J. , Esrafilzadeh Dorna , Allioux Francois‐Marie , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Yang Jiong , Tang Jianbo , Daeneke Torben , Mettu Srinivas , Zhang Jin , Uddin Md Hemayet , Jalili Rouhollah , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurface patterning of liquid metals (LMs) is a key processing step for LM‐based functional systems. Current patterning methods are substrate specific and largely suffer from undesired imperfections—restricting their widespread applications. Inspired by the universal catechol adhesion chemistry observed in nature, LM inks stabilized by the assembly of a naturally abundant polyphenol, tannic acid, has been developed. The intrinsic adhesive properties of tannic acid containing multiple catechol/gallol groups, allow the inks to be applied to a variety of substrates ranging from flexible to rigid, metallic to plastics and flat to curved, even using a ballpoint pen. This method can be further extended from hand‐written texts to complex conductive patterns using an automated setup. In addition, capacitive touch and hazardous heavy metal ion sensors have been patterned, leveraging from the synergistic combination of polyphenols and LMs. Overall, this strategy provides a unique platform to manipulate LMs from hand‐written pattern to complex designs onto the substrate of choice, that has remained challenging to achieve otherwise.
Tumor Microenvironment‐“AND” Near‐Infrared Light‐Activated Coordination Polymer Nanoprodrug for On‐Demand CO‐Sensitized Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sun Panpan , Jia Le , Hai Jun , Lu Siyu , Chen Fengjuan , Liang Kun , Sun Shihao , Liu Hanwen , Fu Xu , Zhu Yanhong , Wang Baodui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) as an emerging treatment holds great promise for inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells. Here coordination assembled strategy is first reported for synthesis of Cu(II)‐flavone coordination polymer (NCu‐FleCP) CO nanoprodrug that is stable in normal physiological conditions, and yet readily reduces to small size prodrug complex and releases CO on demand under glutathione (GSH) and near infrared (NIR) light. Specifically, after uptaking by cancer cells, local GSH attacked coordination bond within NCu‐FleCP, resulting in the release of Cu(I) and free Fle. The CC bond of Fle is cleavage under NIR light to release CO for gas therapy, and Cu(I) reacts with local H2O2 through Fenton like reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for chemodynamic therapy. Detailed in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the CO prodrug system in generating a sufficient quantity of CO and •OH offers remarkable destructive effects against cancer cells without causing toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. The study provides a solid foundation to develop smart coordination polymer CO prodrugs with on‐demand CO release, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and biodegradability for multimodal synergistic therapy.
Emerging Light‐Emitting Materials for Photonic Integration
Authors: Liu De‐Sheng , Wu Jiang , Xu Hongxing , Wang Zhiming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe arrival of the information explosion era is urging the development of large‐bandwidth high‐data‐rate optical interconnection technology. Up to now, the biggest stumbling block in optical interconnections has been the lack of efficient light sources despite significant progress that has been made in germanium‐on‐silicon (Ge‐on‐Si) and III‐V‐on‐silicon (III‐V‐on‐Si) lasers. 2D materials and metal halide perovskites have attracted much attention in recent years, and exhibit distinctive advantages in the application of on‐chip light emitters. Herein, this Progress Report reviews the recent progress made in light‐emitting materials with a focus on new materials, i.e., 2D materials and metal halide perovskites. The report briefly introduces the current status of Ge‐on‐Si and III‐V‐on‐Si lasers and discusses the advances of 2D and perovskite light‐emitting materials for photonic integration, including their optical properties, preparation methods, as well as the light sources based on these materials. Finally, challenges and perspectives of these emerging materials on the way to the efficient light sources are discussed.
Improving the Sensitivity of Planar Fabry–Pérot Cavities via Adaptive Optics and Mode Filtering
Authors: Czuchnowski Jakub , Prevedel Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFabry–Pérot (FP) cavities are fundamental and ubiquitous optical elements frequently used in various sensing applications. Here, the authors introduce a general theoretical framework to study arbitrary light–cavity mode interactions for planar FPs and show how optical aberrations, intrinsic to the interrogating beam or due to imperfect cavities, reduce optical sensitivity by exciting higher‐order spatial modes in the cavity. It is found that particular Zernike aberrations play a dominant role in sensitivity degradation, and that the general loss of sensitivity can be significantly recovered by appropriate wavefront correction or mode filtering. The authors then demonstrate their theoretical findings also experimentally and show that in practice the sensitivity of realistic planar FP micro‐cavity sensors can be improved up to threefold by a synergistic combination of adaptive optics and passive mode filtering.
COVID‐19 and fresh produce markets in the United States and China
Authors: Çakır Metin , Li Qingxiao , Yang Xiaoli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of COVID‐19 on fruits and vegetable prices in the United States and China in a difference‐in‐differences framework. Our main results show differing impacts of the pandemic on the U.S. and Chinese wholesale prices. We conclude that despite the unprecedented disruptions, the U.S. produce industry remained intact. However, the long‐run effects could be mixed. We conjecture that the industry would stay resilient in the long run by having gained practical know‐how. Nevertheless, potential structural changes, such as changing household expenditure patterns due to income loss and increasing concentration in the food service market, could hurt the industry.