bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life on the edge: habitat fragmentation limits expansion of a restored carnivore
Authors: Butler A. R. , Bly K. L. S. , Harris H. , Inman R. M. , Moehrenschlager A. , Schwalm D. , Jachowski D. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe successful recovery of imperiled species is dependent on knowledge of how demographic drivers mediate population growth and expansion. One of the largest species restoration projects has been the reintroduction of swift foxes Vulpes velox to southern Canada, where 947 foxes were released between 1983 and 1997. Swift foxes have since increased and expanded their range into northern Montana (USA), but have experienced a population decline and stall in recolonization over the past 10 years. The objective of this study was to estimate the survival and reproductive rates of swift foxes in northern Montana, which constitutes the southern edge of this population. In addition, we evaluated support for two different hypotheses of how environmental factors and several demographic factors influence survival. Although our length of monitoring was relatively short, we found that adult and juvenile annual survival rates were 54% and 74%, respectively, and fecundity was 0.85. We found the most support for the hypothesis that the percentage of native grassland at the 1‐km scale influenced survival and found that survival increased, on average, 2.1% for every 5% increase in grassland. Compared to previous estimates of swift fox population growth immediately following the release, our data suggest the population is currently stable. The long‐term successful recolonization and connectivity of swift fox populations in this region will likely be dependent on maintaining large tracts of contiguous grassland. Comparing the estimates of demographic rates among different points in space and time should help managers better understand the population dynamics and inform restoration strategies for recovering populations.
Habitat use by Neotropical mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): vegetation structure and edge effects
Authors: Orlandin Elton , Santos Emili B , Schneeberger André H , Souza Vilmar O , Favretto Mario A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKnowing which habitats (e.g. forest interiors or edges) are used by mosquitos and their relationship with possible environmental changes can assist in the development of public policies for the prevention of mosquito‐borne disease epidemics. This study assessed the influence of abiotic factors and vegetation structure on a mosquito community in an Atlantic rainforest remnant frequented by humans. Biting mosquito collections were undertaken by two operators and carried out every 2 weeks between October 2014 and October 2015, during the afternoon, at three points within the forest: A1 (40 m from the edge), A2 (220 m from the edge) and A3 (270 m from the edge). A significant difference was found between tree circumference at breast height from the different areas, as well as in tree height. However, no significant difference in the analysed abiotic factors between areas was observed. The paired comparison of mosquito abundance between the sample areas indicated that area A3 was different from area A1. Additionally, the abundance of the analysed species (Aedes crinifer, Aedes scapularis, Aedes serratus, Psorophora ferox, Sabethes aurescens, Sabethes identicus, Trichoprosopon pallidiventer and Wyeomyia limai) increased with distance from the forest edge. This observation may suggest that the abundance of certain species may be indicative of the level of disturbance of a forest.
Is obesity in pregnancy associated with signs of chronic fetal hypoxia?
Authors: Åmark Hanna , Sirotkina Meeli , Westgren Magnus , Papadogiannakis Nikos , Persson Martina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of obesity in pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Maternal obesity increases risks of severe fetal and neonatal complications. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear. One possible contributing factor could be chronic fetal hypoxia. The aim of this study was to compare placentas from women with and without obesity with respect to placental lesions, which could reflect compensatory mechanisms in response to chronic fetal hypoxia as well as lesions possibly leading to chronic fetal hypoxia. In addition, levels of erythropoietin in cord blood were compared between offspring of lean and obese women.Material and methodsThis cohort study included 180 women with uneventful, full‐term, singleton pregnancies, out of which 91 lean women had a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5‐24.9 kg/m2 and 89 women had obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Women were recruited at Södersjukhuset between 16 October 2018 and 2 December 2019. Placentas were investigated by two senior perinatal pathologists, who were blinded for maternal BMI. Cord blood was analyzed for levels of erythropoietin.ResultsLevels of erythropoietin in cord blood increased with maternal BMI (P = .01, β = 0.97, 95% CI 0.27‐1.68). There was no difference between placentas of obese and lean women in number of placental lesions reflecting chronic fetal hypoxia or in lesions that could possibly lead to chronic fetal hypoxia.ConclusionsThis study of term and uneventful pregnancies demonstrated a positive association between maternal obesity and concentrations of erythropoietin in cord blood at birth. This finding supports the hypothesis of chronic fetal hypoxia as a risk factor for complications in the pregnancies of obese women. There were no differences in lesions associated with hypoxia between placentas of obese and lean women.
Effect of preoperative topical nepafenac 0.1% on inflammatory response after uncomplicated cataract surgery in healthy subjects
Authors: Cagini Carlo , Cerquaglia Alessio , Pellegrino Adriana , Iannone Alessia , Lupidi Marco , Fiore Tito 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effect of preoperative topical Nepafenac administration on anterior chamber flare after uneventful cataract surgery in healthy subjects.MethodsProspective randomized clinical trial. Seventy‐three eyes of 73 healthy patients undergoing routine cataract surgery were randomized to receive (group A) topical nepafenac (1 mg/ml) or not to receive (group B) 1 drop 3 times per day for 3 days before surgery. All eyes received the same postoperative anti‐inflammatory therapy. Clinical outcome parameters such as best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, retinal central foveal thickness and aqueous flare were recorded preoperatively, 1, 15, 30 and 60 days after surgery.ResultsThree patients were excluded for poor compliance, and three patients were excluded or developing pseudophakic macular oedema during the follow‐up. Both groups were comparable for age, gender, and showed similar BCVA, intraocular pressure and central macular thickness values preoperatively and during the entire follow‐up (p > 0.01). Aqueous flare values showed a statistically increase in both groups respect to preoperative values through follow‐up evaluations (p < 0.01), while values were significantly lower in group A than in group B 30 days after surgery (p < 0.01).ConclusionPreoperative administration of topical Nepafenac reduces the inflammatory response in healthy patients undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery one month after surgery respect to non‐treated group.
Effect of solid–liquid separation on anaerobic digestion of dairy manure in semi‐continuous stirred tank reactors: Process performance and digestate characteristics
Authors: Qi Guangdou , Pan Zhifei , Andriamanohiarisoamanana Fetra J. , Yamashiro Takaki , Iwasaki Masahiro , Ihara Ikko , Umetsu Kazutaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of solid–liquid separation on anaerobic digestion of dairy manure in semi‐continuous stirred tank reactors. Reactors fed with liquid fraction of dairy manure (screened liquid manure) were kept in water baths at mesophilic (Run 1) and thermophilic (Run 3) temperatures, respectively, while reactors fed with water diluted manure and kept at mesophilic (Run 2) and thermophilic (Run 4) temperatures as control reactors. The performances of reactors were compared in terms of biogas and methane production, and digestate characteristics. The methane yields obtained from screened manure were higher than those from diluted manure at both mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures, while the highest methane yield was 185 L/kg VSadded under thermophilic temperature. Solid–liquid separation also had improved the effect on digestate fertilizer characteristics. Among four digestates from reactors, the highest contents of nutrients, N (4.12 g/kg) and P (2.36 g/kg) were found in Run 3, while the highest content of K (3.42 g/kg) was found in Run 1. These results showed the benefits of solid–liquid separation of dairy manure on process performance and digestate characteristics.
Military Reform in the Post‐New Order Indonesia: A Transitional or a New Subtle Role in Indonesian Democracy?
Authors: Kosandi Meidi , Wahono Subur 
Published: June 2020

This article examines the role of the military in Indonesian democracy since 1998. After 20 years of democratic reforms, it appears that the military has not executed all necessary reform agendas toward a professional military. Using qualitative research, this article questions how the new form of military role in politics was formed and how it contributes to the formation of Indonesian democracy today. It argues that the historical process of political interactions between actors has affected the formation of civil‐military relations. Indonesian military successfully maintained its power and leverage in politics by securitization and elegant power play with the elites. Civilian elites had to leave military reform agenda to the military and accept their dependence on military support to secure power. This situation has so far ensured military informal power and halted reform for professional military.
Living with persistent insomnia after cancer: A qualitative analysis of impact and management
Authors: Reynolds‐Cowie Paul , Fleming Leanne 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo conduct a qualitative exploration of the lived experience of insomnia disorder and its management amongst a sample of mixed‐diagnoses cancer survivors.MethodsTwenty‐seven cancer survivors with persistent insomnia were recruited to this qualitative study following completion of treatment for breast (12), prostate (7), colorectal (7), and gynaecological (1) cancers. Eleven males and 16 females (mean age 62 years), who met DSM‐5 criteria for insomnia disorder, contributed to one of four focus group discussions, designed to explore the lived experience of persistent insomnia and its management within cancer care services.ResultsPoor sleep was a persistently troubling complaint for participants, long after the completion of active cancer treatment. The impact of insomnia was significant for all participants, with six key domains emerging as those most affected: temperament, sociability, physical well‐being, cognitive functioning, relationships, and psychological well‐being. In terms of insomnia management, participants frequently resorted to unfruitful self‐management strategies, due to the lack of professional insomnia expertise within cancer care settings. Three main themes emerged in relation to insomnia management: self‐management, seeking professional intervention, and a lack of focus on sleep. A lack of clinician understanding of the importance of sleep health and the poor availability of evidence‐based insomnia interventions, such as cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐i), were highlighted as important gaps in cancer care.ConclusionsInsomnia was found to have a detrimental and pervasive impact on cancer survivors’ quality of life, which persisted long into survivorship. There is an absence of professional attention to sleep throughout the cancer care trajectory, contributing to its prevalence, persistence, and impact. In order to break this cycle, sleep health should be integrated as a key aspect of cancer treatment and rehabilitation, much like maintaining a healthy diet and appropriate levels of physical activity.
Management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the 21st century: temporal trends in Australian population‐based data
Authors: Morton Andrew , Williams Michael , Perera Marlon , Teloken Patrick E. , Donato Peter , Ranasinghe Sachinka , Chung Eric , Bolton Damien , Yaxley John , Roberts Matthew J. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo examine national trends in the medical and surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) population data from 2000 to 2018.Patients and methodsAnnual data was extracted from the MBS, PBS and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare databases for the years 2000–2018. Population‐adjusted rates of BPH procedures and medical therapies were calculated and compared in relation to age. Cost analysis was performed to estimate financial burden due to BPH.ResultsOverall national hospital admissions due to BPH declined between 2000 and 2018, despite an increased proportion of admissions due to private procedures (42% vs 77%). Longitudinal trends in the medical management of BPH showed an increased prescription rate of dutasteride/tamsulosin combined therapy (111 vs 7649 per 100 000 men) and dutasteride monotherapy (149 vs 336 per 100 000 men) since their introduction to the PBS in 2011. Trends in BPH surgery showed an overall progressive increase in rate of total procedures between 2000 and 2018 (92 vs 133 per 100 000 men). Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remained the most commonly performed surgical procedure, despite reduced utilisation since 2009 (118 vs 89 per 100 000 men), offset by a higher uptake of photoselective vaporisation of prostate, holmium:YAG laser enucleation of prostate, and later likely due to minimally invasive surgical therapies including prostatic urethral lift and ablative technologies (including Rezūm™). Financial burden due to BPH surgery has remained steady since 2009, whilst the burden due to medical therapy has risen sharply.ConclusionDespite reduced national BPH‐related hospitalisations, overall treatment for BPH has increased due to medical therapy and surgical alternatives to TURP. Further exploration into motivators for particular therapies and effect of medical therapy on BPH progression in clinical practice outside of clinical trials is warranted.
6‐Nitro‐1‐benzylquinolones exhibiting specific antitubercular activity
Authors: Beteck Richard M. , Jordaan Audrey , Swart Tarryn , Van Der Kooy Frank , Warner Digby F. , Hoppe Heinrich C. , Legoabe Lesetja J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized novel nitro quinolone‐based compounds and tested them in vitro against a panel of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activities and also against HeLa cells for overt cytotoxicity. Compound 8e was identified as a non‐toxic, potent hit with selective activity (MIC90 ˂ 0.24 µm) against MTB. 8e, however, showed no activity against DprE1 mutant, suggesting DprE1 as the likely target for this compound class.
Novel PCNT variants in MOPDII with attenuated growth restriction and pachygyria
Authors: Waich Stephanie , Janecke Andreas R. , Parson Walther , Greber‐Platzer Susanne , Müller Thomas , Huber Lukas A. , Valovka Taras , Vodopiutz Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiallelic loss‐of‐function mutations in the centrosomal pericentrin gene (PCNT) cause microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII), which is characterized by extreme growth retardation, microcephaly, skeletal dysplasia, and dental anomalies. Life expectancy is reduced due to a high risk of cerebral vascular anomalies. Here, we report two siblings with MOPDII and attenuated growth restriction, and pachygyria. Compound heterozygosity for two novel truncated PCNT variants was identified. Both truncated PCNT proteins were expressed in patient's fibroblasts, with a reduced total protein amount compared to control. Patient's fibroblasts showed impaired cell cycle progression. As a novel finding, 20% of patient's fibroblasts were shown to express PCNT comparable to control. This was associated with normal mitotic morphology and normal co‐localization of mutated PCNT with centrosome‐associated proteins γ‐tubulin and centrin 3, suggesting some residual function of truncated PCNT proteins. These data expand the clinical and molecular spectrum of MOPDII and indicate that residual PCNT function might be associated with attenuated growth restriction in MOPDII.
Multitier Incentive Strategies for Quality Improvement: Case of Three‐Tier Supply Chain
Authors: Yoo Seung Ho , Choi Thomas Y. , Kim DaeSoo 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis study investigates a final assembler's (FA) incentive strategies for quality management in the multitier supply chain context. FAs often decide to manage a second‐tier supplier in a reactive way when the first‐tier supplier is unable to control the former. In our model, an FA proactively looks upstream to its first‐tier (S1) and second‐tier (S2) suppliers in a three‐tier supply chain. We develop four proactive strategies with incentives and one reactive strategy with no incentive. We find that, first, proactive strategies are better at improving quality, demand, and profit than reactive strategies are. Second, among proactive strategies, the parallel incentive strategy, centrally controlling both the S1 and S2, imposes the fewest restrictions. It yields superior quality and profit performance for the entire supply chain as well as for individual suppliers. Third, when the tiers are sequentially controlled, proactive incentive strategies promise superior profits for the FA if its unit profitability is not sufficiently high. Finally, the reactive strategy may be more appropriate if the FA's profitability is lower than that of the S1 or S2.
Asymptomatic chronic traumatic aortic valve perforation with severe aortic regurgitation
Authors: Bachani Neeta , Bagchi Avishek , Sinkar Kunal , Jadwani Jaipal , Dhirawani Bhavik , Shah Harshad Pradeep , Vichare Sanjeev , Pinto Brian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHere, we present a young asymptomatic male patient incidentally diagnosed to have aortic regurgitation (AR). The patient had a history of a blunt trauma to the thorax two years back but did never have any symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a moderately dilated left ventricle with normal systolic function and severe AR with normal nondilated aortic root and tri‐leaflet aortic valve. To diagnose the etiology of the AR, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was done, which revealed a perforation in the nonadjacent leaflet (NAL) and confirmed severe AR with two AR jets being clearly visualized, one through the point of incomplete coaptation and other one through the perforated area in the NAL. The patient was treated with aortic valve replacement and was doing well on follow‐up.
Multiple intra‐cardiac masses: A life‐threatening complication of Behçet’s disease
Authors: Ramoğlu Mehmet Gökhan , Atalay Semra , Uçar Tayfun , Fitoz Suat , Özçakar Zeynep Birsin , Çiftçi Ergin , Tutar Ercan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe incidence of multiple intra‐cardiac masses is rare, and the differential diagnosis may be challenging sometimes. The most common etiologies of multiple intra‐cardiac masses are thrombus, vegetation, and tumors. Intra‐cardiac thrombus is more common in patients with central catheters, with a wall‐motion abnormality and global hypokinesis. Certain autoimmune disorders may favor the development of intra‐cardiac thrombus, and very rarely, multiple thrombi may be seen. Here, a patient with multiple intra‐cardiac masses in the right ventricle and diagnosed with Behçet's disease is presented.
Prediction of clinical outcomes beyond psychosis in the ultra‐high risk for psychosis population
Authors: Polari Andrea , Yuen Hok Pan , Amminger Paul , Berger Gregor , Chen Eric , deHaan Lieuwe , Hartmann Jessica , Markulev Connie , McGorry Patrick , Nieman Dorien , Nordentoft Merete , Riecher‐Rössler Anita , Smesny Stefan , Stratford John , Verma Swapna , Yung Alison , Lavoie Suzie , Nelson Barnaby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimSeveral prediction models have been introduced to identify young people at greatest risk of transitioning to psychosis. To date, none has examined the possibility of developing a clinical prediction model of outcomes other than transition. The aims of this study were to examine the association between baseline clinical predictors and outcomes including, but not limited to, transition to psychosis in young people at risk for psychosis, and to develop a prediction model for these outcomes.MethodsSeveral evidence‐based variables previously associated with transition to psychosis and some important clinical comorbidities experienced by ultra‐high risk (UHR) individuals were identified in 202 UHR individuals. Secondary analysis of the Neurapro clinical trial were conducted to investigate the associations between these variables and favourable (remission and recovery) or unfavourable (transition to psychosis, no remission, any recurrence and relapse) clinical outcomes. Logistic regression, best subset selection, Akaike Information Criterion and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to seek the best prediction model for clinical outcomes from all combinations of possible predictors.ResultsWhen considered individually, only higher general psychopathology levels (P = .023) was associated with the unfavourable outcomes. Prediction models suggest that general psychopathology and functioning are predictive of unfavourable outcomes.ConclusionThe predictive performance of the resulting models was modest and further research is needed. Nonetheless, when designing early intervention centres aiming to support individuals in the early phases of a mental disorder, the proper assessment of general psychopathology and functioning should be considered in order to inform interventions and length of care provided.