bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced Two-Dimensional Hole Gas (2DHG) C-H Diamond with Positive Surface Charge Model for Advanced Normally-Off MOSFET Devices
Authors: Alhasani Reem , Yabe Taichi , Iyama Yutaro , Oi Nobutaka , Imanishi Shoichiro , Nguyen Quang , Kawarada Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Though the complementary power field effect transistore (FETs), e.g., metal-oxide-semiconductor-FETs (MOSFETs) based on wide badgap materials, enable low switching losses and on-resistance, p-channel FETs are not feasible in any wide bandgap material other than diamond. In this paper, we propose the first work to investigate the impact of fixed positive surface charge density on achieving normally-off and control threshold voltage operation obtained on p-channel two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) hydrogen-terminated diamond (C-H) FET using deep nitrogen doping in the diamond substrate. In general, a p-channel diamond C-H MOSFET demonstrates normally-on operation, but the normally-off operation is also a critical requierment of the feasible electronic power devices in terms of safety operation. The evaluation results of the characteristic of the C-H MOSFET capacitor with the two demonstrated charge sheet models using the two-dimensional Silvaco Atlas TCAD show that the fixed-Fermi level is a function of capacitance-voltage with an activation energy of 1.7 eV (donor level) at the H-diamond surface close to minimum conduction band. The maximum current density with a positive surface charge model and a nitrogen-doped layer of the Al2O3/H-diamond device is -52 mA/mm at a gate-source voltage of -42 V. Also, the gate threshold voltage is relatively high at Vth= -3 V, i.e., the positive surface charge model can achieve the normally-off operation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the obtained results correspond to the experimental work with the SiO2 layer located below the gate in C-H diamond/Al2O3 surface.
Incorporating Aboriginal Women’s Voices in Improving Care and Reducing Risk for Women With Diabetes in Pregnancy - A Phenomenological Study.
Authors: Wood Anna , Graham Sian , Boyle Jacqueline , Marcusson-Rababi Beverley , Anderson Shonada , Connors Christine , McIntyre Harold , Maple-Brown Louise , Kirkham Renae 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a high burden of gestational diabetes (GDM) and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy for Indigenous women globally. Postpartum diabetes programmes have the potential to prevent recurrent GDM and improve management of type 2 diabetes. However, data on such programmes, particularly in the Indigenous context are limited. We aimed to explore Indigenous Australian women’s and health providers’ preferences for a program to prevent and improve diabetes after pregnancy. Methods: A phenomenological methodology underpinned semi-structured in-depth interviews with 11 Indigenous women and seven health professionals across the Northern Territory. Interviews were analysed using an inductive and descriptive approach to address the barriers and enablers of proposed diabetes prevention programs identified by participants.Results: Identified structural barriers to lifestyle change included: food insecurity, persuasive marketing of unhealthy food options, lack of facilities and cultural inappropriateness of previous programs. Enablers to lifestyle change included: a strong link between a healthy lifestyle and connection with the land, family and community. Suggested strategies to improve lifestyle included: co-designed cooking classes or a community kitchen, team sports and structural change (targeting the social determinants of health). Lifestyle change was preferred over metformin to prevent and manage diabetes after pregnancy by participants and health care providers. Conclusions: We recommend individual level programs be designed alongside policies that address systemic inequalities. A postpartum lifestyle program should be co-designed with community members and grounded in Indigenous conceptions of health to adequality address the health disparities experienced by Indigenous people in remote communities.
Low Annexin A1 level in HTLV-1 Infected Patients might be a Potential Biomarker for the Clinical Progression and Diagnosis of HAM/TSP
Authors: Santana Bárbara , Queiroz Maria Alice , Cerveira Rodrigo , Rodrigues Claudia , Amoras Ednelza , Costa Carlos , Sousa Maisa , Ishak Ricardo , Goulart Luiz Ricardo , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is etiologically associated with the chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is an anti-inflammatory protein with proposed neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory functions. We hypothesized that ANXA1 gene expression may be dysregulated in HTLV-1-infected HAM/TSP patients.Methods: This study involved 37 individuals infected with HTLV-1, including 21 asymptomatic (AS) carriers and 16 with HAM/TSP, and a control group of 30 individuals negative for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. For AS HTLV-1-positive and HAM/TSP patients, ANXA1 and formyl peptide receptor (FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3) expression and HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) in peripheral blood cells were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and plasma AnxA1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: ANXA1 gene expression was increased in the AS group compared with the HAM/TSP and control groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. FPR1 gene expression was higher in patients with HTLV-1 than in controls (AS, p= 0.0032; HAM/TSP, p< 0.0001). Plasma AnxA1 levels were higher in the AS group than in the HAM/TSP group (p= 0.0045), and PVL was higher in patients with HAM/TSP than in AS individuals (p= 0.0162). The use of a combined ROC curve using Annexin 1 levels and proviral load significantly increased the sensitivity and specificity to predict progression to HAM/TSP (AUC = 0.851 and AUC = 0.937, respectively, to AUC=1,000). Conclusions: Our results suggest that AnxA1 may be dysregulated in HAM/TSP patients. Serological detection of AnxA1 in association with proviral load may provide a prognostic biomarker for HTLV-1-associated neurodegenerative disease.
In-vitro Virucidal Activity of Hypothiocyanite and Hypothiocyanite/lactoferrin Mix Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Cegolon Luca , Mirandola Mattia , Salaris Claudio , Salvati Maria , Salata Cristiano , Mastrangelo Giuseppe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 replicates efficiently in the upper airways during the prodromal stage, with resulting viral shedding into the environment from patients with active COVID-19 as well as from asymptomatic individuals. There is a need to find pharmacological interventions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Hypothiocyanite and lactoferrin are molecules of the innate immune system with a large spectrum cidal activity and easy to administer by aerosol inhalation. The combination of the above two molecules was designated as orphan drug by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Here we found a dose-dependent as well as time-dependent virucidal activity of hypothiocyanite at micromolar concentrations, slightly improved by lactoferrin, against SARS-CoV-2. The two substances individually tested were devoid of any cytotoxicity.
Recalling of Multiple Grasping Methods From an Object Image With a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: SANADA Makoto , MATSUO Tadashi , SHIMADA Nobutaka , SHIRAI Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, a method for a robot to recall multiple grasping methods for a given object is proposed. The robot learns grasping methods using a convolutional neural network to observe the grasping activities of human without special instructions. For this setting, only one grasping motion is observed for an object at a time. By automatically clustering the observed grasping postures, the robot learns multiple grasping methods. In the proposed method, the grasping methods are clustered during the process of learning of the grasping position. The method first recalls grasping positions. The network for recalling the grasping position estimates the multi-channel heatmap such that each channel heatmap indicates one grasping position. The method then checks the graspability for each estimated position. Finally, it recalls the hand shapes based on the estimated grasping position and the object’s shape. This study shows the results of recalling multiple grasping methods and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Verification of electromagnetic essential connection
Authors: Yang Shuai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Magnetic field and electric field are two independent states, known by the law of electromagnetic induction, changes in magnetic flux can generate induced electromotive force. electric wires of all materials can generate magnetic fields, we think that the magnetic field is not a characteristic, but the commonality of all elements, In order to explore the inner connection between the two transformations, we made a series of theoretical assumptions and experimental verification, the first time observed the magnetization phenomenon of copper, prove that magnetization is a process of uneven distribution of charges, the magnetic field is a specific frequency range. It has important reference value for the basic research of electromagnetic waves, guide a research of magnetic materials.
Biventricular Versus His Bundle Pacing After Atrioventricular Node Ablation in Heart Failure Patients With Narrow&nbsp;QRS
Authors: Žižek David , Antolič Bor , Mežnar Anja Zupan , Džananović Dinko Zavrl , Jan Matevž , Štublar Jernej , Pernat Andrej 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background His bundle pacing (HBP) is a physiological alternative to biventricular (BiV) pacing. Our goal was to compare short-term results of both pacing approaches in ventricular rate refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who underwent atrioventricular node ablation (AVNA).Methods Consecutive symptomatic AF patients with moderately reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF ≥35% and <50%) and narrow QRS (≤120ms) who received HBP in conjunction with AVNA were compared to historical BiV pacing controls. Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and clinical data at baseline and 6 months after the procedure were assessed. Results Among 24 patients (age 68.8 ± 6.5 years, 50% female, EF 39.6 ± 4%, QRS 95 ± 10ms) who underwent AVNA, 12 received BiV pacing and 12 HBP. Both pacing modalities had similar acute procedure-related success and complication rates. HBP was superior to BiV pacing in terms of post-implant QRS duration, implantation fluoroscopy times, reduction of LV volumes (EDV 127 (86 – 150) ml vs. 146 (121 – 190) ml, P = 0.101; ESV 64 (46 – 81) ml vs. 90 (75 – 123) ml, P = 0.008) and increase in LVEF (46 (41 – 55) % vs. 38 (35 – 42) %, P = 0.005). However, improvement of the New York Heart Association class was similar in both groups.Conclusions In ventricular rate refractory AF patients with moderately reduced EF and narrow QRS undergoing AVNA, HBP could be a conceivable alternative to BiV pacing. Further prospective studies are warranted to address the outcomes between both “ablate and pace” strategies.
Vesicular and Extravesicular Protein Signatures From the Airspaces of Ozone-Exposed Mice Reflect Muco-Inflammatory Disturbances.
Authors: Choudhary Ishita , Vo Thao , Paudel Kshitiz , Gupta Richa , Kesimer Mehmet , Patial Sonika , Saini Yogesh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) harbors a variety of proteins that influence homeostatic and stress responses in the airspaces. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, contain a large number of proteins that vary in abundance and composition based on the prevailing conditions. Ozone causes inflammatory responses in the airspaces of experimental animals and humans. However, in ozone-exposed lung airspaces, the protein signatures in exosomes contained within the ELF remain poorly characterized. To explore this, we hypothesized that ozone triggers the release of inflammatory proteins from various cells that reflect ozone-induced tissue pathology. Accordingly, we sub-chronically exposed adult male and female mice to 0.8ppm ozone or air and determined exosome-bound proteomic signatures as well as the levels of soluble inflammatory mediators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Principal component analyses of the exosome-bound proteome revealed a clear distinction between air-exposed and ozone-exposed mice, as well as between ozone-exposed males and ozone-exposed females. In addition to 575 proteins that were enriched in both sexes upon ozone exposure, 243 and 326 proteins were enriched uniquely in ozone-exposed males and females, respectively. Ingenuity pathway analyses on enriched proteins between ozone- and air-exposed mice revealed enrichment of pro-inflammatory pathways. More specifically, macrophage-activation associated proteins were enriched in exosomes from ozone-exposed mice. Cytokine analyses on the BALF revealed elevated levels of G-CSF, MIP-1b, KC, IP-10, IL-6, and IL-5 in ozone-exposed mice. Finally, histopathological assessment revealed significantly enhanced intracellular localization of inflammatory proteins including MUC5B and FIZZ1 in ozone-exposed mice in cell-specific manner indicating the cellular sources of the proteins that are ferried in the exosomes upon ozone-induced lung injury. Collectively, this study identified exosomal, secretory, and cell-specific proteins and biological pathways following sub-chronic exposure of mice to ozone.
Cloning and Expression Analysis of Mevalonate Kinase and Phosphomevalonate Kinase Genes Associated with MVA Pathway in Santalum Album
Authors: Niu Meiyun , Xiong Yuping , Yan Haifeng , Zhang Xinhua , Li Yuan , Silva Jaime A. Teixeira da , Ma Guohua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sandalwood is highly valued for its fragrant heartwood and its extracted oil. The major oil component santalols are terpenoids, which are biosynthesis through the MVA pathway. MK and PMK are the major enzymes on the MVA pathway. Little is known about the genes encoding MK and PMK in Santalum album on its expression regulation mechanism. The analysis of MK and PMK genes and their functions are important for the further study of the biosynthesis of santalol. These results will help to further study the role of MK and PMK genes in S. album santalol biosynthesis. The total RNA of sandalwood leaves was extracted, then the First-strand cDNA synthesis was obtained through the PrimeScript first-strand cDNA synthesis kit. Then sequence comparison and bioinformatics analyses of the genes homology of SaMK and SaPMK with MKs and PMKs, We also investigated subcellular localization of SaMK and SaPMK proteins. Its functional complementation of SaMK and SaPMK in yeast were also investigated. Atlast, MeJA was used to induce tissue-specific analysis and expression profiles of SaMK and SaPMK. The results showed that the full-length cDNA sequences of SaMK and SaPMK were 1409 bp and 1679 bp containing a 1381 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 460 amino acids and a 1527 bp ORF encoding a polypeptide of 508 amino acids, respectively. Sequence comparison and bioinformatics analyses indicated that SaMK and SaPMK showed high homology with MKs and PMKs, respectively from other plant species. Further functional complementation of SaMK in an MK-deficient mutant yeast strain YMR208W and SaPMK in a PMK-deficient mutant yeast strainYMR220W confirmed that cloned SaMK and SaPMK cDNA encode a functional MK and PMK, respectively and mediated MVA biosynthesis in yeast. Tissue expression pattern analysis revealed that SaMK and SaPMK were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues. SaMK was highly expressed in young leaves but least expressed in sapwood while SaPMK was highly expressed in roots and mature leaves, and least expressed in young leaves.
Statistical Characterization of Airplane Delays
Authors: Mitsokapas Evangelos , Schäfer Benjamin , Harris Rosemary , Beck Christian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aviation industry is of great importance for a globally connected economy. Customer satisfaction with airlines and airport performance is considerably influenced by how much flights are delayed. But how should the delay be quantified with thousands of flights for each airport and airline? Here, we present a statistical analysis of arrival delays at several UK airports between 2018 and 2020. We establish a procedure to compare both mean delay and extreme events among airlines and airports, identifying a power-law decay of large delays. Furthermore, we note drastic changes in plane delay statistics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we find that delays are described by a superposition of simple distributions, leading to a superstatistics.
Photothermal Therapy via a Gold Nanoparticle-Coated Stent for Treating Stent-Induced Granulation Tissue Formation in the Rat Esophagus
Authors: Cho Young Chul , Kang Jeon Min , Park Wooram , Kim Dong-Hyun , Shin Ji Hoon , Kim Do Hoon , Park Jung-Hoon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Minimally invasive therapies using stent technology are currently limited by stent-induced granulation tissue formation adjacent to the stent. The effectiveness of photothermal therapy (PTT) using a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-coated stent for treating stent-induced granulation tissue formation in the rat esophagus was investigated. All experiments were approved by the animal research committee of our institution. An AuNP-coated, self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) was produced to conduct PTT under near-infrared laser irradiation. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats each). The animals in group A (non-coated SEMS) and group B (AuNP-coated SEMS with local heating at 65°C at 4 weeks) were sacrificed 4 weeks after stent placement. The rats in group C (AuNP-coated SEMS with local heating at 65°C at 4 weeks) and group D (AuNP-coated SEMS with local heating at 65°C at 4 and 8 weeks) were sacrificed 8 weeks after stent placement. The effectiveness of local heating was assessed by histopathology. All procedures were successful in all of the animals. Seven rats were excluded because of stent migration (n = 2) and death (n = 5). Granulation tissue formation-related variables were significantly higher in group A than in groups B-D (all p < 0.05). HSP70 and TUNEL expression were significantly lower in group A than in groups B-D (all p < 0.05). Granulation tissue formation-related variables were significantly higher in group C than in groups B and D (all p < 0.05). PTT using AuNP-coated SEMS successfully treated granulation tissue formation after stent placement in the rat esophagus.
Entropy-Based Dynamic Graph Embedding for Climate Change Detection
Authors: Li Gen , Jung Jason 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Climate change is a severe problem caused by abnormal climate events. The existing methods for detecting climate changes utilize statistical models to analyze the atmospheric temperature, but a climate event commonly comprises multiple meteorological data. To detect climate changes using meteorological data, we propose a novel dynamic graph embedding model based on graph entropy called EDynGE. A climate event is denoted as a graph, in which the nodes indicate meteorological data and edges indicate the correlation between nodes. Graph entropy measures the information of the climate event, and the EDynGE model clusters graphs based on graph entropy. We conducted experiments on real meteorological data. The results showed that the number of days of abnormal climate events has increased by 304.5 days in the past 30 years.
Lock-in Vibration Retrieval Based on High-speed Full-field Coherent Imaging
Authors: PICART Pascal , PEZERAT Charles , METEYER Erwan , FOUCART Felix , MONTRESOR Silvio , MEUR Julien LE , HEGGARTY Kevin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of high-speed cameras permits to visualize, analyze or study physical phenomena at both their time and spatial scales. Mixing high-speed imaging with coherent imaging allows recording and retrieving the optical path difference and this opens the way for investigating a broad variety of scientific challenges in biology, medicine, material science, physics and mechanics. At high frame rate, simultaneously obtaining suitable performance and level of accuracy is not straightforward. In the field of mechanics, this prevents high-speed imaging to be applied to full-field vibrometry. In this paper, we demonstrate a coherent imaging approach that can yield full-field structural vibration measurements with state-of-the-art performances. The method is based on high-speed on-line digital holography and recording a short time sequence. Validation of the proposed approach is carried out by comparison with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer and by realistic simulations. Several error criteria demonstrate measurement capability of yielding amplitude and phase of structural deformations.
A quantitative methodology to detect surface antigens on red blood cells using optical cell-detachment technique
Authors: LIN CHIH-LANG , WANG SHYANG-GUANG , TIEN MENG-TSUNG , CHIANG CHUNG-HAN , LEE YI-CHIEH , BALDECK PATRICE L. , SHIN CHOW-SHING 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The quantitative analysis of surface antigens on cells, especially red blood cells (RBCs), has attracted increasing attention due to the recognition of antigenic changes that can facilitate early diagnoses. This paper presents an alternative methodology developed using the optical cell-detachment technique to evaluate antibody-antigen interactions and quantitatively analyze the RBC surface antigen expression. RBC subtyping was used to verify the proposed detection principle based on a comparison of the bonding strengths between individual RBCs and antibody coatings. The bonding strengths were measured with serial antibody dilutions with gradually decreasing laser powers, for which a single cell was optically detached from the corresponding antibody-coated surface. With the quantitatively analysis, the proposed alternative methodology was verified as a highly sensitive technique for detecting antigen expression on the RBC surface.
Interrupted time Series Design to Evaluate ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM Coding Changes on Trends in Colorado Emergency Department visits Related to Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: De Crescenzo Lauren Alexis , Gabella Barbara Alison , Johnson Jewell 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. The transition in 2015 to the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) in the USA led public health professionals to propose a surveillance definition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that uses ICD-10-CM codes. The proposed definition excludes “unspecified injury of the head,” previously included in the ICD-9-CM TBI definition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this change in surveillance methods on monthly rates of TBI-related emergency department visits in Colorado from 2012 to 2017.Results. The monthly rate of TBI-related emergency department visits in the transition month to ICD-10-CM (October 2015) decreased 41 visits per 100,000 population (p-value <0.0001), compared to September 2015, and remained low through December 2017, due to the exclusion of “unspecified injury of head” (ICD-10-CM code S09.90) in the proposed TBI definition. Conclusion. This study highlights a challenge in creating a standardized set of TBI ICD-10-CM codes for public health surveillance that provides comparable yet clinically relevant estimates over time. The findings inform estimation of TBI magnitude based on ICD coded data and decisions about allocating TBI resources based on an estimated TBI magnitude.