bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whale (Mucous) Heparin with High Anticoagulant Activity
Authors: Nagasawa Kakuma 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Heparins from whale mucosa have been extracted, purified, and characterized. The analytical differences between whale and bovine heparins are described. In addition, the effects of different biological standards and length of storage of blood on the potency of whale heparins as assayed by the BP and USP methods are described.
Contamination Indexes in Degerminated Corn Products
Authors: Curtis Charles E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Insect and rodent contamination in corn milling was studied to improve current methodology and recommend new methodology. Representative whole corn processing equipment, degerminators, grading equipment, and finished products were sampled. Whole corn samples were examined visually and by X-ray techniques; all samples were examined by heavy and light filth extraction methods similar to AOAC procedures. Whenever possible, contaminant counts throughout the system were weighted for stream flow before analyzing and presenting data. WRAP (Weighted Regression Analysis Program) was used in data analysis. The least number of equivalent whole exoskeletons gave the best correlations with radiograph data (r2 values ranging from 57.1 to 69.1%) of any of three methods used to report insects of kernel interior origin recovered in cracking-flotation of whole corn samples. The second trapping in light filth extractions was valuable in recovering additional rodent hairs, insects, and insect fragments from all types of corn and mill samples.
Collaborative Studies of Rapid Methods for the Separation of Extraneous Materials from Whole and Degerminated Corn Meal, Prepared Mustard, and Soy Flour
Authors: Miller Mary T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rapid methods based on acid hydrolysis have been developed for the separation of extraneous material from whole and degerminated corn meal, prepared mustard, and soy flour. Collaborative results by the methods were satisfactory for mustard and corn meal, and the methods are recommended for adoption as official, first action. Recovery of extraneous material from soy flour was variable and further study is needed.
Collaborative Study of Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Heptachlor Content of Formulations
Authors: Malina Marshall 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted on a gas chromatographic method for analysis of heptachlor formulations that employs a glass column filled with a nonreactive packing to minimize losses of the heptachlor during chromatography. An internal standard and a response correction factor are used to convert peak size to formulation assay. An alternative gas chromatographic (GC) method that permitted free choice of GC parameters was also studied collaboratively. Collaborative results indicate that parameters must be controlled. Results by the described method were excellent, and it is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Use of Toe Ash as a Measure of Calcification in the Chick
Authors: Fritz James C , Roberts Talmadge 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The ash content of unextracted chick toes was found to be as satisfactory as the ash content of extracted tibiae for measuring calcification of chick bones in the AOAC vitamin D assay and for studying the availability of phosphorus supplements. By choice of suitable ordinates, response curves of per cent ash of tibiae or toes were superimposable when related to graded doses of vitamin D or dietary phosphorus.
Rapid Near-Infrared Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Meprobamate in Meprobamate Tablets
Authors: Sherken Stephen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new rapid method is presented for the analysis of meprobamate in meprobamate tablets, in which the meprobamate is quantitatively dissolved in alcohol-free chloroform and the solution scanned on a spectrophotometer in the near-IR region. The method is rapid and shows good agreement with the official NF XII procedure. Assay of eight commercial samples ranged from 98.5 to 101.6% of labeled amount. Analysis of five authentic meprobamate powder mixtures showed an average recovery of 100.3 ± 0.73%. Collaborative recoveries on two authentic meprobamate powder mixtures averaged 104.0 and 98.7%, respectively. With a standard deviation of ± 2 % some of the collaborators reported that they had difficulty with their instruments in the near-IR region, but not with the method itself. The method was recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Drugs: Chloral Hydrate
Authors: Davidson Arthur W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A specific colorimetric method for chloral hydrate, studied collaboratively by eight laboratories, is based on the reaction of chloral hydrate with quinaldine ethyl iodide to yield a cyanine dye that is determined spectrophotometrically at 605 mμ. Recoveries on solutions containing 42.00 and 173.8 mg/ml were 102 ± 2 . 5% and 100 ± 2.1%, respectively. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Determination of Menthol in Cigarette Tobacco Filler
Authors: Tucker Charles L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic method and two variations of a colorimetric method for determining menthol in cigarette tobacco filler were studied collaboratively by 13 laboratories. No statistically significant differences were found in the precisions within or between laboratories. There were no significant differences between means for any two of the three methods for any sample. A trend toward higher mean values was noted for both colorimetric procedures. The colorimetric procedure that uses a nonmentholated tobacco blank gave mean values nearest to those obtained by the gas chromatographic method. It is recommended that both the gas chromatographic method and the colorimetric method that uses the nonmentholated tobacco blank be adopted as official, first action
A Polarographic Method for the Determination of Nitrates in Silage
Authors: Willett D N , Peterson H P , Moubry R J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A polarographic method has been developed for the determination of nitrates in silage. After a Florisil-Norit cleanup, the chromium (III)-glycine complex of Hamm and Withrow is used. A comparison of the results obtained by the polarographic and a colorimetric method shows that the results are valid when a high concentration of nitrates (500—5000 ppm) is present in the silages. Nitrite interference must be eliminated by sulfanilic acid; data are presented to show recoveries and destruction of nitrite
Collaborative Study of the Ethyl Acetate Extraction, Sweep Co-distillation Cleanup, and GLC Determination, Using Six Parent Organophosphate Pesticides
Authors: Storherr R W , Watts R R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nine chemists in five laboratories collaborated in testing the combined rapid ethyl acetate extraction and sweep co-distillation cleanup method for multiple organophosphate pesticide residues in crops. Pesticides were detected by GLC with the potassium thermionic detector. The six pesticides studied were Diazinon, methyl parathion, malathion, parathion, ethion, and carbophenothion. Six crops—kale, carrots, lettuce, apples, potatoes, and strawberries—were divided into three groups, and each laboratory was selected to work with a specific group. With unknown fortification levels of 1.0 and 0.5 ppm, the collaborators obtained recoveries of 90+% at each level.
Rapid Cleanup For Carbaryl, Using Channel Layer Chromatography
Authors: Faucheux Lewis J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Channel layer chromatography is used as a rapid cleanup procedure for carbaryl residues before semiquantitative determination by thin layer chromatography. With this procedure, apples, lettuce, cabbage, rough rice, cranberries, cucumbers, bell peppers, turnips (greens and bottoms), corn meal, soybeans, hay, mustard greens, strawberries, and puree sweet potato baby food were successfully analyzed for carbaryl at 0,2 and 10 ppm levels.
Collaborative Study of the Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for Carbaryl Residues in Apples and Spinach
Authors: Palmer Nancy J , Benson Walter R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study by eight laboratories was made of the extraction, cleanup, and semiquantitative TLC determination for 0.05—2.0 ppm carbaryl added to apples and spinach. Satisfactory results were reported by most of the collaborators at levels of 0.1 ppm and above. The comments of the eight collaborators were generally favorable. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official, first action.
Automated Analysis of Organophosphorus Insecticides by Wet Digestion-Oxidation and Colorimetric Determination of the Derived Orthophosphate
Authors: Ott Daniel E , Gunther Francis A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Adaptation of an AutoAnalyzer system to the determination of phosphorus in organic compounds now provides an automated technique generally applicable for the analysis of organophosphorus inserticides. Following automated wet digestionoxidation of the compounds (some need preliminary alkaline hydrolysis) the resulting orthophosphate is determined automatically by a colorimetric system reading a phosphomolybdenum blue color at 815 mμ. The total system handles 10 samples per hour with a precision and sensitivity readily practical for organophosphorus insecticide analysis; the insecticidal solutions tested, at concentrations of 2 μg/ml or greater, gave repeatable responses within ± 10%. Manual cleanup procedures for most crop samples are required to remove interfering noninsecticidal phosphorus compounds before the system is applicable to total residue analyses. Thimet (phorate) and phosphamidon at 0.5 ppm in fortified stripping solutions of strawberries were analyzed separately without cleanup, however. Adsorption column chromatography on Florisil has provided rapid and efficient cleanup of fortified spinach extractives prior to automated analysis of Thimet and dimethoate. Autoanalysis of individual spots from thin layer chromatograms provides considerable specificity to this nonspecific analytical system, and for some crops provides all the cleanup necessary. Thin layer "spots" can be introduced directly into the automated system.
Isolation and Determination of Chlorohydrins in Foods Fumigated with Ethylene Oxide or with Propylene Oxide
Authors: Ragelis Edward P , Fisher Barbara S , Klimeck Barbara A , Johnson Corinne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two isolative methods, steam distillation and sweep co-distillation, in conjunction with the ether extraction method, are described for the analysis of 2-chloroethanol in ethylene oxide-treated pepper, celery seed, paprika, turmeric, and gum tragacanth and for the analysis of l-chloro-2-propanol in propylene oxide-treated cocoa, walnut meats, tapioca starch, flour, glazed cherries, and glazed citron. Gas chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry were used to determine and identify the chlorohydrin present. Except in the analysis of propylene oxide-treated tapioca starch and flour, no single isolative method mentioned was applicable at a satisfactory level of sensitivity to all the food products studied. The best attainable levels of sensitivity were 25—50 ppm for sweep co-distillation, recovery range 64—92% ; 5—10 ppm for ether extraction, recovery range 64—92 % ; and 1 ppm for steam distillation, recovery range 50— 87%. Levels of 2-chloroethanol found in five food products commercially fumigated with ethylene oxide ranged from 45 ppm for paprika to 110 ppm for pepper. Levels of l-chloro-2-propanol found in six food products commercially treated with propylene oxide ranged from 4 ppm for cocoa to 47 ppm for glazed citron.
An Enzymatic (Esterase) Method For Identification of Animal and Fish Species
Authors: Thompson Robert R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A starch-gel electrophoretic method for the separation of esterases in homogenates of animal tissues was adapted to the histochemical identification of animal species. The method was applied to skeletal muscles of various fish species and warmblooded meat animals. Significant differences were observed in the numbers and locations of esterase bands; these differences permit the identification of the animal species. The esterase method can be successfully used in conjunction with the regular electrophoretic protein identification test for law enforcement purposes.
Qualitative Identification of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline in Feeds
Authors: Smith C Tyson 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A microscopic method is given for the qualitative differentiation and identification of chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline in mixed feeds at levels usually encountered. Identification depends upon the colors produced by the antibiotics as they pass into solution in modified Sakaguchi reagent 1% boric acid in 70% H2S04, i.e., intense red for oxytetracycline and intense purple for chlortetracycline. Collaborative study gave excellent agreement, and the method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Proposed Revision of the Method for Isolating Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci from Foods
Authors: Baer Edward F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The AOAC official, first action method for isolating staphylococci from foods should be revised as follows: (a) A three-tube MPN enrichment broth series should be used in place of the present single tube enrichment broth series, and (6) "desiccated coagulase plasma, rabbit, with EDTA," or "desiccated coagulase plasma (rabbit)" to which EDTA or heparin is added should be used instead of plain coagulase plasma (rabbit). It is further proposed that the method be retained in official, first action status pending comparative evaluation of the several other methods recommended for isolation of staphylococcus from foods.
Infrared Studies of Ethylene Chlorohydrin
Authors: T Chen Jo-Yun , Gould John H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The infrared spectra of ethylene chlorohydrin as a pure liquid, as a vapor, in CS2 solution, and as a solid under pressure were obtained. The infrared spectral data obtained indicate that ethylene chlorohydrin consists of a dynamic equilibrium of two rotational isomers which are capable of interconversion by heat or pressure. In the vapor phase and dilute solution the substance consists of the gauche and trans monomers which are interchangeable by heating or cooling. In the pure liquid or in the solid state under pressure, it exists as a gauche dimer and trans tetramer. These two forms are also interchangeable by the application of either pressure or heat.
Aflatoxin B1 Hemiacetal
Authors: Borland A E , Cushmac Mary E , Andrellos P J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the vinyl ether double bond of aflatoxin Bx was investigated. The hemiacetal produced was biologically inactive to the chick embryo and to tissue cultures at respective concentrations 80 and 50 times the minimum lethal dose of aflatoxin B1 The structure of the hemiacetal was established and found to be identical to the hemiacetal reported as an intermediate in the total synthesis of racemic aflatoxin B1
Fluorodensitometric Measurements of Afiatoxins on TLC Plates
Authors: Pons Walter A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eight collaborators analyzed a cottonseed meal extract spiked with known amounts of afiatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. Afiatoxins were resolved by TLC on silica gel-coated plates and estimated by solid state fluorescence measurements on the plates. Average recovery values were 93—99% for individual afiatoxins and 97.8% for the total amount added. Coefficients of variation ranged from 3.6 to 15.7% for individual afiatoxins and 4.9% for total afiatoxins. The technique appears to be accurate and precise. It is proposed that collaborative study be initiated
Collaborative Study of the Quantitative Determination of Fusel Oil and Ethyl Acetate by Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Brunelle Richard L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Thirteen chemists representing twelve laboratories participated in a collaborative study for the quantitative determination of ethyl acetate and fusel oil by GLC. The results on four samples containing various amounts of ethyl acetate and fusel oil were compared with the official AOAC procedures. For all samples, the standard deviations were lower with GLC. Collaborators preferred the GLC procedure because the simultaneous determination of ethyl acetate and n-propyl, iso-butyl, and isoamyl alcohols is possible. Results from preliminary work performed on the quantitative determination of acetaldehyde by GLC were encouraging. It is recommended that the proposed GLC procedure for the quantitative determination of ethyl acetate and fusel oil be adopted as official, first action, and that work be continvied on the determination of acetaldehyde by GLC.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Breakfast Cereals
Authors: Takahashi David M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was made on a revised GLC method for determination of two phenolic antioxidants, BHA and BHT, in corn and rice ready-to-eat dry breakfast cereals. The method involves extraction of the antioxidants with carbon disulfide, concentration of the extract under nitrogen, and injection into a gas chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector. Di-BHA was used as the internal standard. Two GLC columns, 4.8% (w/w) Apiezon L on 80—100 mesh Gas Chrom Q and 9.1% (w/w) QF-1 silicone oil on 80 - 100 mesh Gas Chrom Q, were used. Six collaborators participated in this study. The BHA recovery was satisfactory and the BHT recovery seemed reasonable, although BHT was found to be more susceptible than BHA to loss when added to breakfast cereals. All collaborators agreed that the method was very rapid and easy. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Some Mineral Elements of Commercial Spices and Herbs as Determined by Direct Reading Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Christensen Robert E , Beckman Robert M , Birdsall John J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Data are presented for 14 elements in 33 spices analyzed by a direct reading emission spectroscopic method. For six of the spices, seven elements were verified by atomic absorption and wet chemical methods, and two additional elements were verified by wet chemical methods only. Comparison with conventional wet chemical and atomic absorption methods shows favorable agreement
Precise Fluor ometric Micro determination of Selenium in Agricultural Materials
Authors: Hoffman I , Westerby R J , Hidiroglou M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A precise, accurate, and comparatively rapid fluorometric method for the determination of selenium in the nanogram range is described and results are presented for Youden's uniformity and ruggedness tests. The sample is digested in a nitric-sulfuricperchloric acid mixture, potential interferences are masked with disodium EDTA, and selenium is complexed with freshly-prepared 2,3-diaminonaphthalene solution and estimated fluorometrically after extraction into cyclohexane. On the basis of its performance, collaborative study of the method is recommended
Collaborative Study of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Method for Determining Zinc in Foods
Authors: Rogers Grayson R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An atomic absorption method for determining zinc in foods has been studied by ten collaborators, and the method appears to be accurate and precise. The collaborative samples consisted of three sucrose solutions of known zinc content, soya meal, white flour, and whole wheat flour and ranged in zinc content from 5 to 60 ppm. Both wet and dry ashing were used as the preparatory step. Average recoveries in the collaborative study ranged from 98 to 102% with a standard deviation of 0.2-2.0 and 0.8-2.97 by wet and dry ashing, respectively. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action
Colorimetric Determination and Thin Layer Identification of Boron as Boric Acid in Caviar
Authors: Brunstad Joan W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A quantitative colorimetric method has been developed which determines boron in caviar in the 0—5 μg range. Boron is released from caviar through sulfuric acid fuming and hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Subsequent treatment results in a dehydrated precipitate. The latter reacts with curcumin in nonaqueous acid solution to form a stable color complex. Boron is identified in the range 1—3 ng by thin layer chromatography; excess dye is separated from the boroncurcumin complex. Color change of the complex, using strong base and acid, confirms the presence of boron. It is recommended that these methods be subjected to collaborative study
Identification of Isovaleric Acid in Incubator Reject Eggs and Observation of Other Unidentified Components in Decomposed Eggs
Authors: Bethea Sammie , Wong Noble P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Analysis of eggs by the AOAC official methods demonstrated the presence of previously unreported components in decomposed eggs. Using column partition, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer, isovaleric acid was established as one of the unknown components in incubator reject eggs.
Dursban® Determination in Milk and Body Tissues of Cattle
Authors: Claborn H V , Mann H D , Oehler D D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A procedure for cleanup and determination of Dursban® in milk and tissues of cattle is described. Extracts containing 0.05 ppm (milk) and 0.012 ppm (tissue) were successfully cleaned up, using a silicic acid or Florisil column, with detection of residues by electron capture gas chromatography. Recoveries ranged from 75 t o 100%.
GLC of Sorbitol in Bakery Products, Wines, and Vinegars. Bv Harvey K. Hundley
Authors: Hundley Harvey K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sorbitol is extracted from bakery products with methanol. Aliquots of wines and vinegars are taken directly. Sugars and sugar alcohols are acetylated, then extracted with chloroform. The acetates are determined by gas-liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector.
Collaborative Study of an Ultraviolet Method for Measuring Diquat Content in Formulations
Authors: Carlstrom A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The ultraviolet method for diquat described by Yuen, Bagness, and Myles in 1967 was collaboratively studied with formulations containing 2 lb diquat/gal. A portion of the sample is diluted with an acetate buffer solution and the absorbance is measured at 310 mμ the diquat content is obtained by reference to a standard curve prepared from known diquat concentrations. Single determinations on two samples by thirteen collaborators show an overall coefficient of variation of 2.4%. The coefficient of variation for random error is 1.0%, and for systematic error 1.6%. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Chromatographic Procedure for Determination of Reserpine in Tablets. I. Comparison with USP Method
Authors: Kunze Frieda M , Barkan Susan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A column partition procedure for the analysis of reserpine in tahlets is presented. The sample formulation is triturated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DM SO), incorporated on Celite, and transferred to a column containing hase, acid, and water layers. Recovery is quantitative; no degradation of reserpine by DM SO is evidenced.