bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bier anemic spots, cyanosis, and urticaria‐like eruption (BASCULE) syndrome: Report of two new cases and literature review
Authors: El Nemnom Pamela , Lauwerys Bernard , Marot Liliane , Tennstedt Dominique , Dekeuleneer Valérie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe herein report two new adolescent cases of Bier anemic spots, cyanosis, and urticaria‐like eruption (BASCULE) syndrome. This rare, recently described condition may be associated with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other forms of orthostatic intolerance. This report provides details on two cases and a literature review.
Advances of intra‐species molecular typing analysis of aquatic probiotics approved by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture
Authors: Hu Juan , Yao Yuanyuan , Yang Yalin , Gao Chenchen , Zhang Fengli , Xia Rui , Ran Chao , Zhang Zhen , Liu Clarke Jihong , Zhou Zhigang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProbiotics confer a health benefit on the host and could be used as a good alternative to antibiotics. Probiotics are strain‐specific when exerting their function, so it is necessary to identify them to strain level. In recent years, intra‐species molecular typing and identification methods have developed rapidly, which commonly are used for typing the main pathogenic bacteria and rare for studies on probiotic typing, whilst it is imperative. This article describes molecular typing methods including AFLP, RAPD, PFGE, ribotyping, MLST, rep‐PCR and whole‐genome sequencing to identity some aquatic probiotics approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of China, which are Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Streptococcus thermophilus. In addition, the principles, applications, advantages and disadvantages of these typing methods are also discussed.
Neighborhood context and racial/ethnic disparities in judicial processing
Authors: Donnelly Ellen A. , Asiedu Christen O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article examines the importance of neighborhoods in shaping judicial processing and racial/ethnic disparities in court outcomes. Scholarship instructs that court actors—prosecutors, defense counsel, and judges—make legal decisions with local communities in mind. With the rise of geographic information in arrest records and mapping techniques, greater opportunities exist to evaluate the role of neighborhood context in the juvenile and criminal courts. This article synthesizes research on how the characteristics of neighborhoods where defendants live and/or offend influence judicial processing. Attention is given to how scholars define neighborhoods, identify key neighborhood conditions, and analyze the relationships among places and judicial decisions. Emphasis is also placed on unpacking debates on whether neighborhood conditions diminish or aggravate racial/ethnic disparities in court outcomes, such as incarceration decisions. Its analysis reveals findings of neighborhood effects as well as evidence of neighborhood characteristics widening racial/ethnic differences in judicial processing. This article thus encourages the consideration of community context in disparity studies and policy efforts to improve citizens' access to justice.
Online Discovery and Classification of Operational Regimes From an Ensemble of Time Series Data
Authors: Bhattacharya Chandrachur , Ray Asok 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One of the pertinent problems in decision and control of dynamical systems is to identify the current operational regime of the physical process under consideration. To this end, there has been an upsurge in (data-driven) machine learning methods, such as symbolic time series analysis, hidden Markov modeling, and artificial neural networks, which often rely on some form of supervised learning based on preclassified data to construct the classifier. However, this approach may not be adequate for dynamical systems with a variety of operational regimes and possible anomalous/failure conditions. To address this issue, the technical brief proposes a methodology, built upon the concept of symbolic time series analysis, wherein the classifier learns to discover the patterns so that the algorithms can train themselves online while simultaneously functioning as a classifier. The efficacy of the methodology is demonstrated on time series of: (i) synthetic data from an unforced Van der Pol equation and (ii) pressure oscillation data from an experimental Rijke tube apparatus that emulates the thermoacoustics in real-life combustors where the process dynamics undergoes changes from the stable regime to an unstable regime and vice versa via transition to transient regimes. The underlying algorithms are capable of accurately learning and capturing the various regimes online in a (primarily) unsupervised manner.
Explanatory style in youth self-harm: an Indian qualitative study to inform intervention design
Authors: Aggarwal Shilpa , Patton George , Bahl Deepika , Shah Nilesh , Berk Michael , Patel Vikram 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThere are very few studies that have examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions (PIs) that have been developed and tested in high-income countries to reduce self-harm in low and middle-income countries.ObjectiveTo evaluate the perspectives and explanatory styles of youth with self-harm and their caregivers to inform the design of an evidence based PI in a non-Western cultural setting. An additional objective was to suggest ways of integrating local practices and traditions to enhance its acceptability.MethodsWe conducted 15 in-depth qualitative interviews with youth with self-harm and four interviews with the caregivers in the psychiatry department of a tertiary hospital located in Mumbai, India. Data were analysed using phenomenological thematic analysis.FindingsFive themes were uncovered: (i) contextual factors related to self-harm including interpersonal factors, intrapersonal factors and socio-cultural factors; (ii) formulation and current feelings about the attempt (iii) family members and friends as the perceived supports and deterrents for future self-harm attempts; (iv) treatment related experiences with counselling, in-patient and outpatient treatment and barriers to treatment; and (v) coping strategies. Recommendations for key areas of adaptation include therapist adaptation, content adaptation to accommodate for cultural considerations and broader social context. Gender based socio-cultural norms, beliefs and stigma attached to self-harm need to be specifically addressed in South Asian setting. Interpersonal conflicts are the most common triggers.Conclusion and clinical implicationsTo our knowledge this is the first study in the South Asian context evaluating explanatory styles of youth with self-harm and their caregivers to inform the design of an intervention to ensure its cultural congruence. Cultural adaptation of an evidence based PI results in competent delivery and ensures best results in diverse ethno-cultural populations.
Paternal exposure to antiepileptic drugs and offspring outcomes: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Tomson Torbjörn , Muraca Giulia , Razaz Neda 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between paternal use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and major congenital malformations (MCM) in the offspring.MethodsUsing nationwide Swedish registries, we included 1 144 795 births to 741 726 fathers without epilepsy and 4544 births to 2955 fathers with epilepsy. Of these, 2087 (45.9%) were born to fathers with epilepsy who had dispensed an AED during the conception period. Children who had both parents with epilepsy were excluded. The incidence rate of MCM, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intellectual disability in offspring was analysed.ResultsOffspring of fathers exposed to AEDs did not show an increased risk of MCM (adjusted OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.2), autism (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.9, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.7), ADHD (aHR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.9) or intellectual disability (aHR 1.3, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.8) compared with offspring of fathers with epilepsy not exposed to AEDs. Among offspring of fathers with epilepsy who used valproate in monotherapy during conception, rates of autism (2.9/1000 child-years) and intellectual disability (1.4/1000 child-years) were slightly higher compared with the offspring of fathers with epilepsy who did not use AEDs during conception (2.1/1000 child-years autism, 0.9/1000 child-years intellectual disability), but in the propensity-score adjusted analyses, no statistically significant increased risk of adverse outcomes was found.ConclusionsPaternal AED use during conception is not associated with adverse outcomes in the offspring.
Efficiency of the Bond Graph Approach for Robust Diagnosis Micro Electro Mechanic System
Authors: Sellami Abderrahmene , Mzoughi Dhia , Mami Abdelkader 
Published: July 2020

Improving the operational safety of systems is essentially based on fault detection and isolation algorithms, these algorithms mainly consist in deriving the different kinds of faults while minimizing false alarms, nondetections and delays in fault detection. The choice of robust diagnosis by the bond graph approach (BG) is based on the use of a robust analytical relations redundant (ARR) generation algorithm from linear fractional transformation models (LFT), where the uncertain part of the ARR is used to generate the adaptive residue thresholds. These relationships not only allow the detection and isolation of defects on the various elements of the system, but also the location since the industrial system is modeled element by element.The BG-LFT modeling and the robust diagnosis of an accelerometer using micro-electromechanical are presented in this paper. The interaction of the various phenomena is taken into account, thanks to the energy properties of the bond graph tool. The residuals and the adaptive thresholds for normal operation and in abnormal operation are determined. The results suggest that the use of the Bond Graph model for normal operation, the evolutions of the residuals converge towards zero, whereas a fault caused by an element (for example, the stiffness springs [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] are modeled, respectively, by capacitive elements [Formula: see text]and [Formula: see text] shows that the residues [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] become different from zero. These variations explain that these residues are sensitive to these elements, which are confirmed by results presented in Table 2. The analysis of the sensitivity of the residuals to parametric and structural faults is carried out to determine the detectable values of the faults and therefore to monitor the performance of the diagnosis.
Disabled Homolog 2 Controls Prometastatic Activity of Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Marigo Ilaria , Trovato Rosalinda , Hofer Francesca , Ingangi Vincenzo , Desantis Giacomo , Leone Kevin , De Sanctis Francesco , Ugel Stefano , Canè Stefania , Simonelli Anna , Lamolinara Alessia , Iezzi Manuela , Fassan Matteo , Rugge Massimo , Boschi Federico , Borile Giulia , Eisenhaure Thomas , Sarkizova Siranush , Lieb David , Hacohen Nir , Azzolin Luca , Piccolo Stefano , Lawlor Rita , Scarpa Aldo , Carbognin Luisa , Bria Emilio , Bicciato Silvio , Murray Peter J. , Bronte Vincenzo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are regulators of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and metastatic progression, the main cause of cancer-associated death. We found that disabled homolog 2 mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein (DAB2) is highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating TAMs and that its genetic ablation significantly impairs lung metastasis formation. DAB2-expressing TAMs, mainly localized along the tumor-invasive front, participate in integrin recycling, ECM remodeling, and directional migration in a tridimensional matrix. DAB2+ macrophages escort the invasive dissemination of cancer cells by a mechanosensing pathway requiring the transcription factor YAP. In human lobular breast and gastric carcinomas, DAB2+ TAMs correlated with a poor clinical outcome, identifying DAB2 as potential prognostic biomarker for stratification of patients with cancer. DAB2 is therefore central for the prometastatic activity of TAMs.Significance:DAB2 expression in macrophages is essential for metastasis formation but not primary tumor growth. Mechanosensing cues, activating the complex YAP–TAZ, regulate DAB2 in macrophages, which in turn controls integrin recycling and ECM remodeling in 3-D tissue matrix. The presence of DAB2+ TAMs in patients with cancer correlates with worse prognosis.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1611
Balloon Versus Self-Expandable Valve for the Treatment of Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Mangieri Antonio , Tchetchè Didier , Kim Won-Keun , Pagnesi Matteo , Sinning Jean-Malte , Landes Uri , Kornowski Ran , De Backer Ole , Nickenig Georg , Ielasi Alfonso , De Biase Chiara , Søndergaard Lars , De Marco Federico , Montorfano Matteo , Chiarito Mauro , Regazzoli Damiano , Stefanini Giulio , Presbitero Patrizia , Toggweiler Stefan , Tamburino Corrado , Immè Sebastiano , Tarantini Giuseppe , Sievert Horst , Schäfer Ulrich , Kempfert Jörg , Wöehrle Jochen , Gallo Francesco , Laricchia Alessandra , Latib Azeem , Giannini Francesco , Colombo Antonio 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Large data comparing the performance of new-generation self-expandable versus balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valves in bicuspid aortic stenosis are lacking. We aim to compare the safety and performance of balloon-expandable and self-expandable transcatheter heart valves in the treatment of bicuspid aortic stenosis.

Methods:
The BEAT (balloon versus self-expandable valve for the treatment of bicuspid aortic valve stenosis) registry included 353 consecutive patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation using new-generation Evolut R/PRO or Sapien 3 valves in bicuspid aortic valve.

Results:

A total of 353 patients (n=242 [68.6%] treated with Sapien 3 and n=111 [68.6%] treated with Evolut R (n=70)/PRO [n=41]) were included. Mean age was 77.8±8.3 years and mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality was 4.4±3.3%. Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 device success was similar between Sapien 3 and Evolut R/PRO (85.6% versus 87.2%;
P
=0.68). In the Sapien 3 group, 4 patients experienced annular rupture whereas this complication did not occur in the Evolut R/PRO group. After propensity score matching, Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 device success was similar between both groups (Sapien 3=85.7% versus Evolut R/Pro=84.4%;
P
=0.821). Both in the overall and in the matched population, no differences in the rate of permanent pacemaker implant were observed. At 1-year follow-up, the rate of overall death and cardiovascular death were similar between the 2 groups. In the unmatched population, the 1-year echocardiographic follow-up demonstrated similar rate of moderate-to-severe paravalvular aortic regurgitation (Evolut R/PRO 10.5% versus Sapien 3 4.2%,
P
=0.077); however, after propensity matching, the rate of moderate-to-severe paravalvular leak became significantly higher among patients treated with self-expandable valves (9.3% versus 0%;
P
=0.043).

Conclusions:
Our study confirms the feasibility of both Sapien 3 and Evolut R/PRO implantation in bicuspid aortic valve anatomy; a higher rate of moderate-severe paravalvular aortic regurgitation was observed in the Evolut R/PRO group at 1-year follow-up in the matched cohort, although patients treated with balloon-expandable valve had a higher rate of annular rupture.
Postimplant Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Use Is Associated With Lower Rates of Thrombotic Events After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Xanthopoulos Andrew , Tryposkiadis Konstantinos , Triposkiadis Filippos , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Soltesz Edward G. , Young James B. , Wolski Kathy , Blackstone Eugene H. , Starling Randall C. 
Published: July 2020

Background

Left ventricular assist device (
LVAD
) thrombosis is clinically devastating and impacts the cost effectiveness of
LVAD
therapy for advanced heart failure. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies represent the standard of care to mitigate
LVAD
thrombosis. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (
PDE
‐5is) exhibit hemodynamic, antiplatelet, and antithrombotic effects. Using a national registry, we examined the relationship of
PDE
‐5i use on thrombotic events in patients with continuous‐flow
LVAD
s.

Methods and Results

We obtained data from 13 772 patients with continuous flow
LVAD
s participating in a national registry. Patients implanted with primary
LVADs
from 2012 to 2017 were included in the analysis. The primary end point was a composite of
LVAD
thrombosis and ischemic stroke. Patients were analyzed according to any use of
PDE
‐5i after LVAD implantation (
PDE
‐5i group) versus no use after
LVAD
implantation (no
PDE
‐5i group). The primary end point was significantly lower in the
PDE
‐5i group compared with the no
PDE
‐5i group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95%
CI,
0.77–0.91;
P
<0.001) at 48 months. The components of the primary end point (
LVAD
thrombosis: HR, 0.82; 95%
CI
, 0.74–0.90;
P
<0.001; and ischemic stroke: HR, 0.85; 95%
CI,
0.75–0.97;
P
=0.019), as well as the secondary end point all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.86; 95%
CI
, 0.79–0.93;
P
<0.001) were lower in the
PDE
‐5i group versus the no
PDE
‐5i at 48 months post
LVAD
. The favorable results observed with postimplant
PDE
‐5i use were consistent with both axial and centrifugal flow devices.

Conclusions

The postimplant use of
PDE
‐5i was associated with fewer thrombotic events and improved survival in
LVAD
patients. A randomized clinical trial is warranted to confirm these findings.
Burden of Stroke in Europe
Authors: Wafa Hatem A. , Wolfe Charles D.A. , Emmett Eva , Roth Gregory A. , Johnson Catherine O. , Wang Yanzhong 
Published: July 2020

Background and purpose:
Prediction of stroke impact provides essential information for healthcare planning and priority setting. We aim to estimate 30-year projections of stroke epidemiology in the European Union using multiple modeling approaches.

Methods:
Data on stroke incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years in the European Union between 1990 and 2017 were obtained from the global burden of disease study. Their trends over time were modeled using 3 modeling strategies: linear, Poisson, and exponential regressions―adjusted for the gross domestic product per capita, which reflects the impact of economic development on health status. We used the Akaike information criterion for model selection. The 30-year projections up to 2047 were estimated using the best fitting models, with inputs on population projections from the United Nations and gross domestic product per capita prospects from the World Bank. The technique was applied separately by age-sex-country groups for each stroke measure.

Results:
In 2017, there were 1.12 million incident strokes in the European Union, 9.53 million stroke survivors, 0.46 million deaths, and 7.06 million disability-adjusted life years lost because of stroke. By 2047, we estimated an additional 40 000 incident strokes (+3%) and 2.58 million prevalent cases (+27%). Conversely, 80 000 fewer deaths (–17%) and 2.31 million fewer disability-adjusted life years lost (–33%) are projected. The largest increase in the age-adjusted incidence and prevalence rates are expected in Lithuania (average annual percentage change, 0.48% and 0.7% respectively), and the greatest reductions in Portugal (–1.57% and –1.3%). Average annual percentage change in mortality rates will range from −2.86% (Estonia) to −0.08% (Lithuania), and disability-adjusted life years’ from −2.77% (Estonia) to −0.23% (Romania).

Conclusions:
The number of people living with stroke is estimated to increase by 27% between 2017 and 2047 in the European Union, mainly because of population ageing and improved survival rates. Variations are expected to persist between countries showing opportunities for improvements in prevention and case management particularly in Eastern Europe.
Infarct Volume Before Hemicraniectomy in Large Middle Cerebral Artery Infarcts Poorly Predicts Catastrophic Outcome
Authors: Casolla Barbara , Kuchcinski Gregory , Kyheng Maéva , Hanafi Riyad , Lejeune Jean-Paul , Leys Didier , Cordonnier Charlotte , Hénon Hilde 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Infarct volumes predict malignant infarcts in patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) for large middle cerebral artery territory infarcts. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal magnetic resonance imaging infarct volume threshold that predicts a catastrophic outcome at 1 year (modified Rankin Scale score of 5 or death).

Methods:
We included consecutive patients who underwent DH for large middle cerebral artery infarcts. We analyzed infarct volumes before DH with semi-automated methods on b1000 diffusion-weighted imaging sequences and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. We studied infarct volume thresholds for prediction of catastrophic outcomes, and analyzed sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve, a value ≥0.70 indicating an acceptable prediction.

Results:
Of 173 patients (109 men, 63%; median age 53 years), 42 (24.3%) had catastrophic outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging b1000 diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient infarct volumes were associated to the occurrence of 1-year catastrophic outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 9.17 [95% CI, 2.00–42.04] and odds ratio, 4.18 [95% CI, 1.33–13.19], respectively, per 1 log increase). The optimal volume cutoff of were 211 mL on b1000 diffusion-weighted imaging and 181 mL on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. The 2 methods showed similar sensitivities and specificities and overlapping area under the curve of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.54–0.74).

Conclusions:
In patients with large middle cerebral artery infarcts, optimal magnetic resonance imaging infarct volume thresholds showed poor accuracy and low specificity to predict 1-year catastrophic outcome, with different b1000 diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient thresholds. In the setting of DH, optimal infarct volumes alone should not be used to deny DH, irrespectively of the method used.