bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycyclic Compounds from Allenes via Palladium-Mediated Intramolecular Carbopalladation/Nucleophilic Substitution Cascade Processes
Authors: Savic Vladimir M. , Jovanovic Milos D. , Petkovic Milos R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent decades transition metals have made a substantial contribution to the development of novel synthetic processes, with palladium catalysis being, arguably, at the forefront of this research. The efficiency of Pd-promoted C–C or C–X bond formation along with a variety of other transformations renders this metal an indispensable tool in synthetic organic chemistry. Of particular interest are Pd-catalysed multicomponent cascade reactions as they often allow the creation of complex structures from relatively simple starting materials, mimicking in this sense biochemical processes. Allenes as partners in Pd-promoted cascades involving carbopalladation/nucleophilic substitutions have been extensively studied in recent years. Many tactical variants have been explored showing a high level of efficiency and chemoselectivity with predictable outcomes. This short review is focused on intramolecular processes of this type because they provide access to relatively complex polycyclic products, possessing structural features often found in natural products and related compounds. Various approaches are discussed with the intention to demonstrate their applicability and synthetic potential.1 Introduction2 Intramolecular Palladium-Promoted Cascades of Allenes3 Class I Cyclisations4 Class II Cyclisations5 Class III Cyclisations6 Class IV Cyclisations7 Conclusion
Rapid Implementation of a Complex, Multimodal Technology Response to COVID-19 at an Integrated Community-Based Health Care System
Authors: Knighton Andrew J. , Ranade-Kharkar Pallavi , Brunisholz Kimberly D. , Wolfe Douglas , Allen Lauren , Belnap Thomas W. , Moores Todd Tamara , Srivastava Rajendu , Kapsandoy Seraphine , Ize-Ludlow Diego , Allen Todd L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 necessitated a scaled treatment response to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Objective This study aimed to characterize the design and rapid implementation of a complex, multimodal, technology response to COVID-19 led by the Intermountain Healthcare's (Intermountain's) Care Transformation Information Systems (CTIS) organization to build pandemic surge capacity.
Methods Intermountain has active community-spread cases of COVID-19 that are increasing. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pandemic Intervals Framework (the Framework) to characterize CTIS leadership's multimodal technology response to COVID-19 at Intermountain. We provide results on implementation feasibility and sustainability of health information technology (HIT) interventions as of June 30, 2020, characterize lessons learned and identify persistent barriers to sustained deployment.
Results We characterize the CTIS organization's multimodal technology response to COVID-19 in five relevant areas of the Framework enabling (1) incident management, (2) surveillance, (3) laboratory testing, (4) community mitigation, and (5) medical care and countermeasures. We are seeing increased use of traditionally slow-to-adopt technologies that create additional surge capacity while sustaining patient safety and care quality. CTIS leadership recognized early that a multimodal technology intervention could enable additional surge capacity for health care delivery systems with a broad geographic and service scope. A statewide central tracking system to coordinate capacity planning and management response is needed. Order interoperability between health care systems remains a barrier to an integrated response.
Conclusion The rate of future pandemics is estimated to increase. The pandemic response of health care systems, like Intermountain, offers a blueprint for the leadership role that HIT organizations can play in mainstream care delivery, enabling a nimbler, virtual health care delivery system that is more responsive to current and future needs.
Höhenakklimatisation und Kontaktlinsen
Authors: Bufler Manfred 
Published: December 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAufgrund der besonderen meteorologischen Bedingungen und den daraus folgenden Veränderungen der kornealen Form lassen sich Kontaktlinsen bis etwa 7000–7500 Hm noch einigermaßen ertragen. Besonders dünnen und sehr sauerstoffdurchlässigen weichen Silikonhydrogelkontaktlinsen sollte der Vorzug gegeben werden. Die dünnsten Kontaktlinsen gibt es bei den Tageslinsen. Kontaktlinsenflüssigkeiten und Kontaktlinsen sollten möglichst nahe am Körper transportiert werden. Die Brille und Desinfektionstücher gehören unbedingt in den Rucksack, ebenso wie künstliche Tränentropfen und die Sonnenbrille, die rund um das Auge gut abschließen sollte.
Planning a new cherry orchard.
Authors: Long Lynn E. , Lang Gregory A. , Kaiser Clive 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Growing fruit trees is a long term financial commitment and establishing an orchard is an expensive enterprise. Selecting the right orchard site is arguably the most important decision that a sweet cherry grower will make and it will affect all other managerial decisions related to the orchard. Choosing the wrong site can affect both fruit yield and quality, and ultimately the financial viability of the operation. On the other hand, choosing a good site will reduce expenses and increase profits. Properly evaluating a prospective orchard location, determining available resources and establishing the orchard takes careful planning. This chapter focuses on important factors in planning a new cherry orchard, including economics and site evaluation (climatic conditions, topography, soil characteristics, soil analysis, water availability and quality, access to key auxilliary facilities, and environmental impact).
Public Support for Judicial Philosophies: Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment
Authors: Krewson Christopher N. , Owens Ryan J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examine whether the public evaluates Supreme Court nominees on the basis of judicial philosophies when presented with a description of those philosophies. Employing a conjoint experiment, we find that the public will evaluate nominees’ judicial philosophies as well as the nominees’ partisanship, ideology, and qualifications. We also discover significant differences between Republicans and Democrats. These results have important implications for the future of judicial nominations, framing, and public support for the judiciary.
Simultaneous Determination of Nitrite and Azide Ions in Valsartan
Authors: Liu Xueyun , Hu Tianjiao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to establish an ion chromatography for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and azide ions in valsartan.

Methods
Dionex IonpacAG18 (4 × 50 mm2) and Dionex IonpacAS18 (4 × 250 mm2) were used as the 2D guard column and analytical column, respectively. Dionex AMGTMC18 (4 × 30 mm2) was used as a 1D pre-separation column and Dionex UTAC-ULP1 as the concentration column. KOH solution generated by an online eluent generator (EG) was used as the 2D mobile phase, and gradient elution was performed at 1 mL/min. Water and acetonitrile were used as 1D mobile phase, and gradient elution was performed at 0.5 mL/min. Suppressed conductivity detector (suppressor, ASRS 300 4 mm) was used for detection. The column temperature was 30°C, while that of the detector was 35°C.

Results
This method showed satisfactory reproducibility and recovery. The linear range and the correlation coefficient for both nitrite and azide ions were 0.01–0.2 mg/L and 0.9998, respectively. However, the recovery rate was 85–115% for nitrite and 90–110% for azide ions.

Conclusion
This method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and azide ions in valsartan and other sartan drugs.
Last Place of Care and End-of-Life Quality of Life in the United States: Evidence From a National Representative Data Set
Authors: Lou Yifan , Jiang Nan , Ornstein Katherine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Quality of life (QoL) during last stage of life has raised expanded interests as an important aspect of person-centered care. Last place of care (LPC), refer to the last place decedents received their formal end-of-life care (EOLC), has been identified as a key indicator of older adults’ end-of-life QoL, but the relationship was understudied. This study explores the association between LPC and end-of-life QoL among American older adults. Methods: Data used seven waves of Last Month of Life data with a total sample of 3068 Medicare decedents in NHATS. Outcome is end-of-life QoL assessed by eleven measures on four domains: pain and symptoms management (SP), quality of healthcare encounter (HE), person-centered care (PC), and overall quality of care (QC). LPC was categorized into home, hospital, nursing home, and residential hospice. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship with covariates. Results: LPC varied by most demographic characteristics, except immigration status and education. Older adults whose LPC is hospital, compared to those who had home-care, were less likely to have great experiences on HE, PC, and QC. People dying at nursing homes are more likely to receive care meeting their dyspnea and spiritual needs. Residential hospice is negatively related to respected care, clear coordination, and keeping family informed, but are more likely to provide PS and spiritual care. Discussion: Home-based end-of-life care has certain advantages but still has room to improve on SP and religious concerns. Hospitals should keep reforming their service delivery structure to improve patients’ QoL.
Rates of Diagnoses Indicating Opioid Dependence After Hospice Live Discharge: A National Study
Authors: Christian Thomas , Breunig Ian , Teno Joan , Gozalo Pedro , Plotzke Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Opioids are an important tool for managing Medicare Hospice beneficiaries’ pain and symptoms. Little is known about the prevalence of opioid dependence among patients discharged alive from hospice. Using 100% Medicare hospice, acute inpatient, and Part B claims from Federal Fiscal Years (FY) 2017-2018, we identified hospice beneficiaries that were discharged alive during FY2017-2018 and associated with diagnosis codes in subsequent health care incidents indicating opioid dependence. We used a crosswalk from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to determine which codes represented opioid dependence. We characterized beneficiaries and their hospice providers using information from the Medicare Enrollment Database and Provider of Services file. There were 468,204 live hospice discharges during FY2017-2018, among which 9,282 (2.0%) were associated with subsequent health care events including a diagnosis code signifying opioid dependence. Post-hospice opioid diagnoses were more frequent among beneficiaries who were younger (for ages &lt;65 relative to 85-89; Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=6.23, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 5.73-6.77); dual-eligible (AOR=1.40, 95% CI 1.34-1.47); and relative to cancer, diagnosed with lung (AOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.72-1.95), heart (AOR=1.23, 95% CI 1.14-1.34), or liver diseases (AOR=1.25, 95% CI 1.10-1.42). Beneficiaries with opioid incidents tended to have survived much longer after hospice (150.9 days with opioid incidents vs. 13.6 days no opioid-related incidents). The states with the highest rates of post-hospice opioid-incidents per 10,000 live discharges were Kentucky (435.2), Wyoming (386.0), Tennessee (359.3), Washington (345.6), and Idaho (342.9). Further monitoring can ensure that hospice beneficiaries receive appropriate care during and after hospice enrollment.
Does the Structure of Aging Services Matter? A Comparative Case Study of California Communities
Authors: Gallo Haley , Marnfeldt Kelly , Navarro Adria , Wilber Kathleen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As the older adult population grows and Federal funding remains stagnant, coordination of services at the local level becomes more critical. Building on the Federal Administration for Community Living model, California’s Master Plan for Aging creates opportunities for innovative restructuring of the way aging services are delivered through the Area Agencies on Aging (AAA). We conducted a comparative case study of California AAAs (N=5) representing different levels of integration, from standalone departments of aging (Los Angeles City, Riverside County), to partial integration (Los Angeles County), to full integration with aging and disability programs (San Diego County, San Francisco County). We examined the impact of departmental organization and integration on the AAAs’ service delivery for older adults. Interviews with leaders of the AAAs were coded by two researchers using constant comparative analysis to identify themes within and between the AAAs. Emerging themes revealed the role that “structure,” “politics,” “funding,” and “visibility” play in service delivery for AAAs with varying levels of integration. Findings suggest that integrating the AAA with other departments (i.e., Health and Human Services) and programs (e.g., Adult Protective Services, In-Home Supportive Services) improves coordination and allows for greater visibility of the AAA. Key stakeholders in standalone AAAs, however, fear that integration would hinder their visibility and “agility” in service provision. Findings shed light on best practices for locally coordinated aging service delivery during a window of opportunity for California AAAs, yet they can also inform how aging services are provided for local governments nationwide.
Supervisory Leaders in Aging: One-Year Practice Change Outcomes of Innovative Training Program
Authors: Kaplan Daniel , Silverstone Barbara , Chan Keith , Spishak-Thomas Amanda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social services for older adults are instrumental in addressing vulnerabilities associated with aging. Yet, practitioners report needing expanded geriatric knowledge and enhanced supervision. Agency-based supervision is essential to skilled practice and staff retention, directly impacting the quality of services delivered by the teams they support. The Supervisory Leaders in Aging (SLA) program of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) was designed to strengthen supervision of the social service workforce. The SLA program, adopted in four states (IL, FL, MD, and NY), trained 134 MSW supervisors who support 1,200 social service staff, aimed at enhancing the well-being of 264,000 clients annually. This paper reports newly available final outcomes data from the 3-year implementation study of SLA. Trainees self-rated use of relevant supervisory best-practices was measured with novel 30-item instrument which captured frequency in use of supervisory best practices. The measure was administered prior to the first session and at three and twelve months after the final session. Comparisons of ratings across time periods demonstrate a range of positive and significant increases at the end of program workshops (0.12–0.56; mean of 0.30 points) and after one year (0.18–0.53; mean of 0.34 points). Supervisory best practices were maintained by those who already engaged in these behaviors, and participants who previously underutilized best practices adopted and maintained these behaviors as a result of the workshops. Implications of this tested model for enhancing workforce capacity will be discussed, including variation of impacts by supervisor characteristics and retention of learning gains over time.
Which Seat at the Table? The Ways That Senior Service Organizations Are Engaged in Age-Friendly Community Efforts
Authors: Coyle Caitlin , Gleason Shayna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Senior centers across the nation continue to serve as important access and focal points for older adults to voice their desires, get basic needs met, and to engage in opportunities that support many of the key concepts of Age-Friendliness (i.e. social participation, respect and social inclusion, civic engagement, transportation, and community supports and health services). Senior centers are the front line of aging services and thus in a position to implement programs and raise public awareness about age-friendly initiatives. The purpose of this presentation is to present and discuss the involvement of senior centers or other senior service agencies, as well as to characterize the mobilization of a community after joining the movement. We will present 5 case studies of age-friendly communities who are in the implementation phase of their initiative, to illustrate the challenges, opportunities, and outcomes associated with placing a senior center at the forefront of the movement. Based on the results of this work, we will present a typology of age-friendly community initiatives as a mechanism for supporting other communities make this transition. We conclude with a discussion of how age-friendly communities are part of the paradigm shift of aging in community and the ways in which this work intersects with other health policy initiatives with which cities and towns engage.
Grandparenting and Health in Later Life: Intensity and Age, Gender, and Urbanicity Variations
Authors: Zeng Yue , Chen Yu-Chih 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Grandparents play increasingly indispensable roles in providing family care. Although prior cross-sectional studies have shown a positive link between grandparenting and health, we know little about the optimal engagement level of grandparenting, its longitudinal implications, and variations on health outcomes. Guided by the role theory and social model of health promotion, we used propensity score analysis and multilevel analysis with three biennial waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2015) to examine the longitudinal impacts of grandparenting intensity (no, low-, moderate-, and high-intensity) on health (mobility limitations, depressive symptoms, cognition, and self-rated health) among 4,925 older adults aged 45 and older, and how these impacts vary by age (45-59/60+), gender (male/female), and urbanicity (urban/rural). Controlling for the baseline sociodemographics (e.g., education and income), health limitations (e.g., ADLs and IADLs), and health behaviors (e.g., drinking and smoking), our results showed that, compared to no grandparenting, grandparenting provided at a moderate level was associated with fewer mobility limitations, lower depressive symptoms, and better cognition. Furthermore, grandparenting had a positive impact on physical, mental and cognitive health for 60+ older adults but not for the young-old. Both older males and females showed better physical health if they provided care at a low level, but older females showed better self-rated health. Older adults in the rural area showed better physical health; for the urban area older adults, better cognition. Findings suggest that policies aimed at supporting grandparents should consider the optimal threshold and variations by age, gender, and urbanicity.
Rural-Urban Differences in Social Connectedness Among Adult Foster Home Residents in Oregon
Authors: Tunalilar Ozcan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social isolation has been linked to negative health outcomes, especially among older adults. Although ability to maintain social contact and existing ties to one’s community is a primary benefit of receiving long-term supports and services in a community-based setting, few studies explored how geography might shape these residents’ access to family members and friends. The current study explores this question in the context of adult foster homes (AFH), a type of family-style residential care licensed for five or fewer unrelated adults. Using cross-sectional data collected annually from 1,500 AFHs between 2015 and 2020, the study examines whether older adults residing in rural and urban AFHs in Oregon differ in terms of levels of distinct types of contact with their existing social networks. AFHs were designated as rural/urban at the zip code level using the definitions provided by the state coordinating organization for rural health. Results from negative binomial regression models show that rural residents were significantly less likely to receive help from their family members and friends in getting to medical appointments or outside activities (e.g., meals, walks, shopping) or receive social visits or phone calls compared to their urban counterparts. Rural and urban residents had similar levels of help with personal care and taking medications. These results remained unchanged after accounting for a set of home (e.g., Medicaid contract) and resident characteristics (e.g., acuity). These findings suggest important public health implications for improving rural residents’ social connectedness and interventions aiming at improving social participation in long-term care residents.
Age at Immigration and Depression in Old Age: The Mediating Role of Contemporary Relationships With Adult Children
Authors: Jang Heejung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For the growing population of older immigrants in the United States, both age at immigration and familial relationships are important factors affecting psychological well-being. This study explores how age at immigration and contemporary relationships with adult children combine to explain older immigrants’ depressive symptoms. This study uses 2014 Health and Retirement Study data from a sample of 759 immigrants age 65 and older who have at least one adult child age 21 or older. A series of ordinary least squares regressions and mediational analyses were conducted. Findings indicate that two aspects of familial relationships, associational solidarity and structural solidarity, significantly mediate the association between age at immigration and depressive symptoms. Specifically, immigrating in later-life was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms through its relationship with structural solidarity. Immigrating in later-life was also associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms through its relationship with associational solidarity. In addition, giving monetary support to children and providing care for grandchildren may alleviate depressive symptoms for older immigrants. This study suggests that relationships with adult children may differ with age at immigration. The types of support that older immigrants provide to their adult children may be crucial because such support may instill a sense of obligation and reciprocity that may be beneficial to the psychological well-being of older immigrants.