bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies complement glutamic acid decarboxylase and insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 autoantibodies in the identification and characterization of Japanese type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Oikawa Yoichi , Okada Akira , Kanatsuna Norio , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Kikuchi Tadashi , Terasaki Jungo , Miura Junnosuke , Ito Yoshihisa , Hanafusa Toshiaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the significance of zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) in identifying and characterizing autoimmune‐mediated type 1 diabetes in Japanese individuals.MethodsZnT8A were determined in 324 patients with type 1 diabetes, 191 phenotypic type 2 diabetes and 288 healthy control individuals using bridging‐type enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in addition to autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2.ResultsWe set a cut‐off value of 10.0 U/mL, and 25% of the type 1 diabetic patients had ZnT8A levels exceeding this level. The prevalence of ZnT8A was significantly higher in patients with acute‐onset type 1 diabetes than in those with slowly progressive and fulminant type 1 diabetes (P < 0.05). ZnT8A were more frequent in patients aged ≤10 years, but less frequent in patients with duration ≥5 years (P < 0.05). ZnT8A were detected in 5.2% of phenotypic type 2 diabetic patients, with 90% of these being ZnT8A‐single‐positive. Furthermore, the ZnT8A levels in the phenotypic type 2 diabetes cohort (143.8 ± 194.9 U/mL) were significantly higher than those in the type 1 diabetes cohort (22.9 ± 8.3 U/mL, P < 0.05). In the acute‐onset and slowly progressive type 1 diabetic patients with duration ≤5 years, additional measurement of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies significantly increased the disease sensitivity in patients aged ≤10 years, but not in patients aged ≥11 years (11.7 vs 3.6%, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that ZnT8A positivity was independently associated with age at sampling and insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 autoantibody positivity.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the bridging‐type ZnT8A enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay might provide a valuable additional marker for Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, which could, in turn, allow for an increase in the number of identifiable cases and differentiate clinical phenotypes.
Impact of patient psoriasis on partner quality of life, sexuality and empathy feelings: a study in 183 couples
Authors: Halioua B. , Maccari F. , Fougerousse A.‐C. , Parier J. , Reguiai Z. , Taieb C. , Esteve E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of psoriasis on quality of life (QoL), sexuality and empathy requires better understanding in patient–partner relationships.ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of psoriasis on partner QoL, presence of sexual dysfunction (SDy) in couples and empathy in partners of psoriasis patients.MethodsA total of 183 adult psoriasis patients and their partners participated in this observational, cross‐sectional and non‐comparative study. Severity of psoriasis was measured using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. Patient QoL was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the Short Form‐12 (SF12). The impact of psoriasis on partner QoL was measured with the Family Pso and the SF12. Presence of SDy and empathy in partners were assessed using the Family Pso.ResultsOverall, 49.7% of the patients had moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. Patient psoriasis severity and patient QoL were correlated with partner psychological distress. The largest QoL impairment was observed in female patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. The stronger QoL alteration observed in female psoriasis patients, compared to their partners, was not observed in male psoriasis patients vs. their partners. There was no relationship between partner QoL and patient age and duration of psoriasis. Most patients, but less than half of the partners, reported SDy with age being a being a significantly more important impacting factor than disease severity. Both psoriasis clinical severity and/or a significant impact on QoL were associated factors for SDy in male partners of psoriasis women, but not in female partners of psoriatic men. Reporting empathy was higher among young male partners of psoriasis patients. In both male and female partners, patient psoriasis clinical severity was not associated with empathy.ConclusionsPsoriasis impact on patient–partner QoL, sexuality and empathy should be considered more thoroughly by dermatologists when formulating treatment plans and making treatment decisions.
Strengths and limitations of the United Kingdom Working Party criteria for atopic dermatitis in adults
Authors: Thyssen J.P. , Andersen Y. , Halling A.‐S. , Williams H.C. , Egeberg A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe United Kingdom Working Party’s (UKWP) criteria were developed to improve epidemiological research in atopic dermatitis (AD), but have not been validated in an exclusively adult European population.ObjectiveTo validate the UKWP criteria for AD in adults.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, three independent samples of adult individuals were drawn and interviewed: patients with a hospital diagnosis of AD or plaque psoriasis in adulthood, and general population controls. Various versions of the UKWP criteria for AD were utilized.ResultsA total of 3490 (general population), 3834 (AD) and 4016 (psoriasis) adult individuals were enrolled in the study. The best combination of the UKWP criteria leads to a sensitivity of 0.71 and a specificity of 0.96 in the general population. The criteria better captured ‘AD ever’ compared with ‘AD within the past 12 months’ and had a higher sensitivity in patients with moderate (87.2–97.7%) or severe (95.8–100%) AD at the time of interview compared with those who where asymptomatic (12.6–36.8%). The UKWP criteria also captured high proportions of psoriasis patients (19.7–47.7%) when applied in a cohort of unique psoriasis patients.ConclusionsIt remains a challenge to accurately diagnose a history of AD in adulthood since symptoms are shared with other skin conditions and AD may have resolved or can be waxing and waning, in turn leading to recall bias. The UKWP criteria performed well in the general population for the purpose of determining the prevalence, but should be used cautiously when studying comorbidity.
A prospective study of hospital episodes of adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Iacono T. , Bigby C. , Douglas J. , Spong J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown poor hospital experiences and dire outcomes for people with intellectual disability. The main objective of this study was to prospectively track episodes for adults with intellectual disability (ID) in Australian hospitals, with a focus on indications of the quality of care provided.MethodsA prospective audit of hospital records over 35 months yielded quantitative data about patient characteristics, frequency and length of hospital episodes, diagnostic assessments and outcomes, post‐emergency department (ED) destinations and post‐discharge recommendations. Fifty participants were recruited largely by identification on hospital ED entry. An audit of patients' hospital records was conducted towards the end of hospital episodes, using a tool developed for the study.ResultsParticipants were mostly men (70%), aged 42.9 years on average, living mostly with family (46%) or in supported accommodation (44%). Of 157 recorded episodes, 96% started in ED, 85% required urgent or semi‐urgent care and 62% were in the first 3 months of study participation. Average time in ED exceeded the 4‐h national benchmark, met in 40% of episodes. One or more diagnostic assessments were conducted in 91% episodes and others in short stay units. Almost half (49%) resulted in a ward stay. With an extreme data point removed, <1–35 days were spent in wards. The most frequent diagnosis in 75% of episodes was for digestive problems, followed by nervous system problems then injuries. Median length of bed stays reflected data available for Australian refined diagnosis‐related groups. High hospital re‐presentations were found: for 67% of episodes in total, 26% (n = 12) of which were within 72 h and 59% (n = 23) within 30 days.ConclusionsAdults with ID presented frequently to ED and often had lengthy stays. We found no indication of poor care practices in terms of hospital staff willingness to keep patients in ED and conduct of diagnostic assessments. Frequent re‐presentations, however, indicated failed hospital care at some level.
Subcision™ plus poly‐l‐lactic acid for the treatment of cellulite associated to flaccidity in the buttocks and thighs
Authors: Mazzuco Rosemarie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing demand for procedures to treat cellulite. Subcision™ is widely used for cellulite correction, and injectable poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) has been shown to be an effective option for various body conditions.AimsPresent the results of combining Subcision™ plus PLLA, in the same session, in patients with cellulite and flaccidity.Patients/MethodsTwenty‐four women underwent Subcision™ followed by PLLA injections. An expert panel of dermatologists evaluated before and after photographs according to Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Patients also answered a satisfaction questionnaire.ResultsThe author describes the results, as well as number of sessions and dose used. The most frequent GAIS score was "great improvement." No nodules or granulomas appeared in the treated areas.ConclusionThe combination of Subcision™ plus PLLA, in the same treatment session, promotes safe and desirable results for cellulite associated with flaccidity.
Targeting Krasg12c‐mutant cancer with a mutation‐specific inhibitor
Authors: Christensen J. G. , Olson P. , Briere T. , Wiel C. , Bergo M. O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe RAS genes, which include H, N, and KRAS, comprise the most frequently mutated family of oncogenes in cancer. Mutations in KRAS – such as the G12C mutation – are found in most pancreatic, half of colorectal and a third of lung cancer cases and is thus responsible for a substantial proportion of cancer deaths. Consequently, KRAS has been the subject of exhaustive drug‐targeting efforts over the past 3–4 decades. These efforts have included targeting the KRAS protein itself but also its posttranslational modifications, membrane localization, protein–protein interactions and downstream signalling pathways. Most of these strategies have failed and no KRAS‐specific drugs have yet been approved. However, for one specific mutation, KRASG12C, there is light on the horizon. MRTX849 was recently identified as a potent, selective and covalent KRASG12C inhibitor that possesses favourable drug‐like properties. MRTX849 selectively modifies the mutant cysteine residue in GDP‐bound KRASG12C and inhibits GTP‐loading and downstream KRAS‐dependent signalling. The drug inhibits the in vivo growth of multiple KRASG12C‐mutant cell line xenografts, causes tumour regression in patient‐derived xenograft models and shows striking responses in combination with other agents. It has also produced objective responses in patients with mutant‐specific lung and colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the history of RAS drug‐targeting efforts, the discovery of MRTX849, and how this drug provides an exciting and long‐awaited opportunity to selectively target mutant KRAS in patients.
Bullied and Punished: Exploring the Links between Bullying and Discipline for Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Authors: Horn Stacey S. , Schriber Sarah E. 
Published: March 2020

This study investigated connections between sexual and gender minority youths’ (SGMY) experiences with bullying victimization and their experiences with punishment. We interviewed 20 diverse adolescents (X = 18.45) about their experiences with bullying and school discipline. Using a qualitative mapping technique, we analyzed the pathways between victimization and punishment that emerged from our participants’ narratives. Our analyses revealed that among the adolescents who had experienced victimization related to their sexual orientation and/or gender identity (or expression) (n = 17), most of them (n = 15) had also experienced punishment connected to their victimization. We identified five pathways linking victimization and bullying. Further, we found that the majority of participants were navigating school contexts rife with pervasive and ongoing harassment and that adults ineffectively intervened and often compounded the harm experienced.
High Nitrogen and Phosphorous Acquisition by Belowground Parts of Caulerpa prolifera (Chlorophyta) Contribute to the Species' Rapid Spread in Ria Formosa Lagoon, Southern Portugal
Authors: Alexandre Ana , Santos Rui 
Published: March 2020

Despite worldwide proliferation of the genus Caulerpa and subsequent effects on benthic communities, little is known about the nutritional physiology of the Caulerpales. Here, we investigated the uptake rates of ammonium, nitrate, amino acids, and phosphate through the fronds and rhizoids + stolon, the internal translocation of nitrogen, and developed a nitrogen budget for the rapidly spreading Caulerpa prolifera in Ria Formosa lagoon, southern Portugal. Caulerpa prolifera acquired nutrients by both aboveground and belowground parts at similar rates, except nitrate, for which fronds showed 2‐fold higher uptake rates. Ammonium was the preferential nitrogen source (81% of the total nitrogen acquisition), and amino acids, which accounted for a significant fraction of total N acquisition (19%), were taken up at faster rates than nitrate. Basipetal translocation of 15N incorporated as ammonium was nearly 3‐fold higher than acropetal translocation, whereas 15N translocation as nitrate and amino acids was smaller but equal in either direction. The estimated total nitrogen acquisition by C. prolifera was 689 μmol · m−2 · h−1, whereas the total nitrogen requirement for growth was 672 μmol · m−2 · h−1. The uptake of ammonium and amino acids by belowground parts accounted for the larger fraction of the total nitrogen acquisition of C. prolifera and is sufficient to satisfy the species nitrogen requirements for growth. This may be one reason explaining the fast spreading of the seaweed in the bare sediments of Ria Formosa where it does not have any macrophyte competitors and the concentration of nutrients is high.
Outcome of temporary tracheostomy tube‐placement following surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in 42 dogs
Authors: Stordalen M. B. , Silveira F. , Fenner J. V. H. , Demetriou J. L. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the use, complications and outcome of temporary tracheostomy tube placement as part of the management of acute upper airway obstruction in the postoperative period following multi‐level airway surgery in patients with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of records of dogs surgically treated for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome that had a temporary tracheostomy tube placed in the postoperative period.ResultsForty‐two dogs were included. Median duration of temporary tracheostomy tube placement was 2 days (range 1 to 7). The major complication rate was 83.3%, minor complication rate was 71.4%, resulting in an overall postoperative complication rate of 95.2%. The most common postoperative complications were tracheostomy tube obstruction (32/42), cough (25/42) and tracheostomy tube dislodgement (16/42). Temporary tracheostomy tube management was classified as successful in 97.6%. Dyspnoea was the most common clinical sign in the short‐term postoperative follow‐up period, while dyspnoea and increased upper respiratory tract noise were the most common clinical sign in the long term. The median duration of follow‐up was 251 days.Clinical SignificanceIn an appropriate clinical setting, placement of temporary tracheostomy tubes following multi‐level airway surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome is a useful strategy to manage postoperative airway obstruction, carrying a low mortality rate, and with a complication rate similar to that found in previous reports.
Over‐expression of TFB2M facilitates cell growth and metastasis via activating ROS‐Akt‐NF‐κB signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Geng Xilin , Geng Zhimin , Li Hui , Zhang Yu , Li Jibin , Chang Hulin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsHuman TFB2M (mitochondrial transcription factor B2) is a key regulator of mitochondria transcription. Our bioinformatic analysis based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data revealed an aberrant over‐expression of TFB2M in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functional roles of TFB2M in tumourigenesis remains unexplored, including HCC.MethodsThe expression and clinical significance of TFB2M were evaluated by qRT‐PCR and western blot analysis. The biological effects and underlying mechanisms of TFB2M in HCC were determined by cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays.ResultsTFB2M was commonly up‐regulated in HCC mainly because of the down‐regulation of miR101‐3p, which significantly correlated with poor survival of HCC patients. Functional experiments revealed that TFB2M significantly promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while inhibited apoptosis in vitro and promoted xenograft tumourigenesis and lung metastasis in nude mice models in vivo. Mechanistically, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently activated Akt/NF‐κB signalling was found to be involved in the promotion of growth and metastasis by TFB2M in HCC cells.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that TFB2M plays a pivotal oncogenic role in HCC cells through activating ROS‐Akt‐NF‐κB signalling pathway.
Can income inequality promote democratization?
Authors: Policardo Laura , Sanchez Carrera Edgar J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the effect of income inequality on the probability of democratization, in a panel of 51 transition countries during the period 1960–2008. Using a conditional fixed‐effect logit estimation, we find robust results suggesting that income inequality (measured by the Gini index of household’s income inequality) has an inverse—U‐shaped relation with the probability of transition from autarchy to democracy. We show that there is a turning point at a level of household’s income inequality equal to a Gini index of 40. When income inequality is below 40, then probability of transition is positively related to inequality, but when inequality is higher, a subsequent increase in inequality decreases the probability of democratization. This is consistent with Acemoglu and Robinson’s theory that shows how transitions are likeliest at moderate levels of inequality, while autocracy is likelier at the lowest and highest levels of inequality.
Risk factors and outcomes of culture‐proven acute Coccidioides spp. infection in San Diego, California, United States
Authors: Jenks Jeffrey D. , Reed Sharon L. , Hoenigl Martin 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundCoccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungi endemic to parts of the United States, Mexico, Central and South America. Infection can cause a range of disease from self‐limited acute pneumonia to severe disseminated disease.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of medical records of cases of culture‐proven acute coccidioidomycosis at the University of California San Diego between 1 April 2015 and 31 December 2019 and described the demographics, risk factors and outcomes of these cases.ResultsOver the study period, fifteen evaluable cases of culture‐proven acute coccidioidomycosis were identified. Of these, 87% (13/15) had traditional risk factors for coccidioidomycosis infection while two lacked known risk factors, including one patient with cirrhosis and one with chronic hepatitis C infection. Seven of fifteen (47%) had primary coccidioidomycosis of the lungs without dissemination and 7/15 (47%) disseminated disease. Of those with disseminated disease, 6/7 (86%) had either high‐risk ethnicity or blood type as their only risk factor. At 90 days, 11/15 (73%) were alive, 3/15 (20%) deceased and 1/15 (7%) lost to follow‐up. Of those not alive at 90 days, 1/3 (33%) had disseminated disease and 2/3 (67%) primary coccidioidomycosis, both on immunosuppressive therapy.DiscussionCoccidioides spp. infection occurs in a variety of hosts with varying underlying risk factors, with the majority in our cohort overall and 86% with disseminated disease lacking traditional risk factors for invasive fungal infection other than ethnicity and/or blood phenotype. Clinicians should be aware of these non‐traditional risk factors in patients with coccidioidomycosis infection.
OsTMF attenuates cold tolerance by affecting cell wall properties in rice
Authors: Xu Yan , Hu Dan , Hou Xin , Shen Jianqiang , Liu Juhong , Cen Xiang , Fu Jie , Li Xianghua , Hu Honghong , Xiong Lizhong 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Plant cell wall composition and structure can be modified as plants adapt to environmental stresses; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive.

Here, we report that OsTMF, a homologue of the human TATA modulatory factor (TMF) in rice (Oryza sativa) and highly conserved in plants, negatively regulates cold tolerance through modification of cell wall properties.

Cold stress increased the expression of OsTMF and accumulation of OsTMF in the nucleus, where OsTMF acts as a transcription activator and modulates the expression of genes involved in pectin degradation (OsBURP16), cellulose biosynthesis (OsCesA4 and OsCesA9), and cell wall structural maintenance (genes encoding proline‐rich proteins and peroxidases). OsTMF directly activated the expression of OsBURP16, OsCesA4, and OsCesA9 through binding to the TATA cis‐elements in their promoters. Under cold stress conditions, OsTMF negatively regulated pectin content and peroxidase activity and positively regulated cellulose content, causing corresponding alterations to cell wall properties, all of which collectively contribute to the negative effect of OsTMF on cold tolerance.

Our findings unravel a previously unreported molecular mechanism of a conserved plant TMF protein in the regulation of cell wall changes under cold stress.
Highly efficient homology‐directed repair using CRISPR/Cpf1‐geminiviral replicon in tomato
Authors: Vu Tien Van , Sivankalyani Velu , Kim Eun‐Jung , Doan Duong Thi Hai , Tran Mil Thi , Kim Jihae , Sung Yeon Woo , Park Minwoo , Kang Yang Jae , Kim Jae‐Yean 
Published: March 2020

SummaryGenome editing via the homology‐directed repair (HDR) pathway in somatic plant cells is very inefficient compared with error‐prone repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Here, we increased HDR‐based genome editing efficiency approximately threefold compared with a Cas9‐based single‐replicon system via the use of de novo multi‐replicon systems equipped with CRISPR/LbCpf1 in tomato and obtained replicon‐free but stable HDR alleles. The efficiency of CRISPR/LbCpf1‐based HDR was significantly modulated by physical culture conditions such as temperature and light. Ten days of incubation at 31 °C under a light/dark cycle after Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation resulted in the best performance among the tested conditions. Furthermore, we developed our single‐replicon system into a multi‐replicon system that effectively increased HDR efficiency. Although this approach is still challenging, we showed the feasibility of HDR‐based genome editing of a salt‐tolerant SlHKT1;2 allele without genomic integration of antibiotic markers or any phenotypic selection. Self‐pollinated offspring plants carrying the HKT1;2 HDR allele showed stable inheritance and germination tolerance in the presence of 100 mm NaCl. Our work may pave the way for transgene‐free editing of alleles of interest in asexually and sexually reproducing plants.