bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Delay between Outer Heliosheath Crossing and Observation of Interstellar Neutral Atoms
Authors: Bzowski M. , Kubiak M. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In situ measurements of the heliospheric particle populations by the Voyager spacecraft can only be put in an appropriate context with remote-sensing observations of energetic and interstellar neutral atoms (ENAs and ISN, respectively) at 1 au when the time delay between the production and the observation times is taken into account. ENA times of flight from the production regions in the heliosheath are relatively easy to estimate because these atoms follow almost constant speed, force-free trajectories. For the ISN populations, dynamical and ballistic selection effects are important, and times of flight are much longer. We estimate these times for ISN He and H atoms observed by IBEX and in the future by IMAP using the WTPM model with synthesis method. We show that for the primary population atoms, the times of flight are on the order of three solar cycle periods, with a spread equivalent to one solar cycle. For the secondary populations, the times of flight are on the order of ten solar cycle periods, and during the past ten years of observations, IBEX has been collecting secondary He atoms produced in the outer heliosheath during almost the entire 19th century. ISN atoms penetrating the heliopause at the time of Voyager crossing will become gradually visible about 2027, during the planned IMAP observations. Hypothetical variations in the ISN flow in the Local Interstellar Medium are currently not detectable. Nevertheless, we expect steady-state heliosphere models used with appropriately averaged solar wind parameters to be suitable for understanding the ISN observations.
Breaking the silence: how shedding light on the bone-skipper fly Thyreophora cynophila (Diptera: Piophilidae) demonstrated it still has a large distribution area in the Pyrenees mountains, France
Authors: Azémar Frédéric , Cazaban Frédéric , Pelozuelo Laurent 
Published: September 2020

Thyreophora cynophila (Panzer, 1798) is an iconic species of the European entomofauna. This winter-flying necrophagous fly was considered long extinct in Europe, before being discovered in Spain in 2010 and re-discovered in France in 2020, with a unique locality in Saint-Paul-de-Jarrat (Ariège, southern France).
After bringing this species to the attention of people that are active in nature during the winter, including hunters, skilled naturalists, nature lovers and professional naturalists, we gathered seven new occurrence data for this species at six locations on the French flanks of the Pyrenees mountains. Those data considerably extend the known distribution of the species in Europe and allows mapping the first approximate extent of occurrence for this species in France.
New records and geographic distribution of the sympatric zones of unisexual and bisexual rock lizards of the genus Darevskia in Armenia and adjacent territories
Authors: Petrosyan Varos , Osipov Fedor , Bobrov Vladimir , Dergunova Natalia , Kropachev Ivan , Danielyan Felix , Arakelyan Marine 
Published: September 2020

Caucasian rock lizards of the genus is a unique taxa, including both bisexual and parthenogenetic species. The parthenogenetic species have originated as a result of natural hybridisation between females and males of different bisexual species. The species involved in interspecific hybridisation are called parental. However, sympatric zones (SZ) of unisexual and bisexual rock lizards of the Caucasus are still poorly studied, although they are very important for understanding the role of hybrid individuals of different origin in reticulate evolution. This paper presents the location of the SZs of parthenogenetic and their parental bisexual rock lizards of the genusDarevskiain Armenia and adjacent territories of Georgia and Nagorno-Karabakh. We summarised the locations of the SZs identified from 1957 to the present, based on our field survey data gathered in 2018-2019 and records from publications and museum collections. This dataset includes 39 SZs of three types: SZ of parental bisexual species, SZ of parental species with unisexual species and SZ of the parthenogenetic species. For each zone, species composition, geographical and altitudinal distribution are presented. New records expand our knowledge of the geographical and altitudinal distribution of SZs in these species and provide additional data for understanding the mechanisms of reticulate evolution and hybridogeneous speciation in the past, present and future.The new records, including geographical and altitudinal distributions of three types of SZs, are presented, which expand the previously-known list to 39 locations of contact zones for parthenogenetic and its bisexual parental species of rock lizards of the genusDarevskiain Armenia and the adjacent territories of Georgia and Nagorno-Karabakh.
Errances : vers l’ awareness
Authors: Delacroix Jean-Marie 
Published: September 2020

L’auteur présente l’« errance éclairée, enracinée, orientée, inspirée » comme un moyen nécessaire pour rencontrer l’inattendu, approfondir les concepts de la Gestalt et sortir de la pensée unique. Il s’appuie sur ses propres recherches hors des sentiers battus pour saisir le sens profond et le pouvoir hypnotique de l’awareness en relation. Il propose le concept de « ça et là » de la situation dans lequel flotteraient des « informations » errantes en quête d’apparition. Ce qui l’amène à réfléchir sur l’attitude intérieure du thérapeute lui permettant de les capter et de mettre de la cohérence dans ses découvertes.
Cohérence d’une formation ou la beauté du voile des mots
Authors: Gontier Alain 
Published: September 2020

Le propos de l’auteur est de revisiter la formation de gestalt-thérapeute à la lumière du concept de cohérence. D’abord dans un axe vertical, celui de la transmission intergénérationnelle, ensuite dans une perspective plus horizontale, en proposant une distinction entre cohérence interne et cohérence externe. Cette distinction amènera l’auteur à soulever la question de la vérité et de l’efficience : quel rapport une théorie enseignée entretient-elle avec le « réel » ? qu’est-ce qui est transmis aux étudiants ? Et comment ?
“Errance”
Authors: Magnen Jean-Philippe 
Published: September 2020

Au regard de son parcours qui oscille entre la « psy » et « le politique », l’auteur nous propose une exploration de l’interaction entre l’intime et le social au cœur de sa pratique de Gestalt-Thérapeute. En partant du constat que la théorie du champ « organisme-environnement » nous amène à ne pas dissocier les deux, il présente la relation patient-thérapeute se vivant et interagissant dans un cadre beaucoup plus large que l’unique relation intime à deux. Puis, à partir de cas cliniques, en s’appuyant sur ce postulat, il démontre comment, dans le champ vécu ainsi, cela le renvoie à la place qu’il accepte de donner aujourd’hui à l’inconnu dans l’accompagnement d’où tout peut émerger en assurant la sécurité du patient comme du cadre thérapeutique. Et que cela permet de vagabonder sur un chemin dont on ne connaît pas, ni l’un ni l’autre, la destination. Cet espace qui s’ouvre permet alors véritablement l’acceptation d’une co-errance propre à la posture du gestalt-thérapeute.
Jeux d’introjection dans ma clinique
Authors: Storaï Anne-Claire 
Published: September 2020

Extrait d’un mémoire de formation de Gestalt-thérapeute, cet article explore un cas de violence traumatique à la lumière du concept d’introjection. Un certain nombre de séances avec la même patiente, Eva, sont analysées. L’auteur utilisera comme outils la psychotraumatologie, puis la posture de champ, pour donner sens aux processus à l’œuvre. Pas à pas, la figure qui se dessine est celle de l’irruption de la violence dans la relation thérapeutique. Et avec elle émerge la problématique : comment transformer les conditions pour que la rencontre soit supportable et génératrice de nouveauté ?
La mystique constitutionnelle gaullienne : l’ombre portée du Général
Authors: Thiers Éric 
Published: September 2020

La V e République est fondée sur la mystique constitutionnelle gaullienne. Sa finalité ultime est la pérennité de la nation française. Le peuple régulièrement consulté doit y tenir une place centrale. À la tête de l’État, le président de la République doit fixer la voie et, comme dans un organisme complexe, chaque institution doit exercer sa fonction propre, en évitant la confusion des pouvoirs. L’évolution du texte constitutionnel, des mœurs et pratiques politiques, et plus encore de la société dans ses structures et aspirations, a conduit à la dégradation de cette mystique. Pourtant, l’imaginaire constitutionnel gaullien pèse encore sur les perceptions et les comportements, en décalage avec la réalité politique contemporaine. Peut-on s’accommoder d’une telle discordance ?
La France et ses colonies
Authors: Turpin Frédéric 
Published: September 2020

Charles de Gaulle a toujours considéré le processus historique de la colonisation à l’aune de l’intérêt supérieur de la France, qui ne pouvait pas être figé dans ses modalités. Considérant, au seuil des années 1960, qu’il était utile pour la France de décoloniser, il y a procédé avec pour objectif de pérenniser les anciens liens sous la forme d’une politique de coopération franco-africaine. Cinquante ans après la mort du Général, la déclinaison africaine de ce programme de puissance est-elle encore d’actualité ?
The Relationships of Age and Years of Experience to Professional Development for Athletic Trainers Employed in the Collegiate Setting
Authors: Eason Christianne M. , Barrett Jessica L. , Clines Stephanie H. 
Published: September 2020

Context
Professional identity is a process in which individuals forms a self-concept in the context of their profession, and includes an ability to articulate a professional philosophy. Professional identity relates to many aspects of a profession, including practices, ethics, and the requirements for success. Professional development is a component of professional identity and represents the growth of professionals as they acquire skills and confidence in autonomous practice. Currently, little is known in regard to the role age and years of experience play in the professional development of athletic trainers (ATs).

Objective
To determine the relationships of age and years of experience to professional development.

Design
Cross-sectional online survey.

Setting
Collegiate athletic training clinical setting.

Patients or Other Participants
Four hundred twenty-three (193 men, 230 women) ATs.

Intervention(s)
Data were collected via a Web-based survey instrument consisting of demographic and Likert-scale questions relating to professional development.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Likert responses were summed, and demographic information was analyzed for frequency and distribution. Pearson correlations were run to evaluate the relationships between variables and linear regression was used to determine if age or years of experience could predict professional development scores.

Results
A positive relationship exists between professional development scores and both age and years of experience. Both age (R2 = 0.066) and years of experience (R2 = 0.075) were statistically significant predictors of variance in overall professional development scores.

Conclusions
Although age and years of experiences were both positively correlated with, and predicted variance in, overall professional development scores, the predicted variance of both variables was relatively small. Although we can say that both age and years of experience are prognostic in the professional development of collegiate ATs, their impact is statistically minimal.
Relationship between White Matter Lesions and Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio in Migraine Patients
Authors: Morkavuk Gulin , Akkaya Efdal , Koc Guray , Atac Gokce Kaan , Leventoglu Alev 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
In this study, we aimed to compare the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels of migraine patients with and without gliotic lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods:
The records of the patients who were followed up in the neurology outpatient clinic of Ufuk University, Faculty of Medicine, between 2016 and 2019 with the diagnosis of migraine between the ages of 18 and 50 were reviewed retrospectively. Eighty-six patients without systemic, neurological, and infectious diseases between 18 and 50 years of age were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 – subclinical ischemic/gliotic lesions on MRI and Group 2 – normal MRI. Subparameters and calculated NLRs in whole blood results were compared between the two groups.

Results:
When the two groups were compared in terms of leukocyte and neutrophil counts, a statistically significant difference was found. The leukocyte and neutrophil counts of the patients in Group 1 were significantly higher than those of Group 2 (P = 0.038/P = 0.004). NLR was higher in patients with gliotic lesions on MRI than in patients with normal MRI and was statistically significant (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NLR and white matter lesions in patients with migraine. We have conducted this study to see if we can confirm this with a parameter in migraine patients with white matter lesions. Despite the small number of patients, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, and NLR were significantly higher in migraine patients with white matter lesions which support our hypothesis.
Heat Transfer Analysis in Heat Exchanger with Various Shifting Media
Authors: Anugrah Endri Rizki , Lapisa Remon , K Arwizet , Ambiyar Ambiyar 
Published: September 2020

Solar panels (photovoltaics) function to absorb sunlight exposure to be converted into electrical energy. But if the heat received over the sun, it will reduce the electrical power of the solar panels. Therefore, a heat transfer device is required to maintain the temperature of the solar panels always in the optimal condition to work. The measurement results show that the average temperature out of the panel (T1) is greater than in the panel (T2), the upper temperature of the tank (T5) is greater than the bottom temperature of the tank (T6), and the average temperature value in the tank (T4) is between the upper temperature of the tank (T5) and the bottom temperature of the tank (T6) of any variation of the sender's media. Meanwhile, the difference between the entry temperature (T2) and the exit temperature (T1) in the study indicates how well the medium of the conducter absorbs excessive heat. Then it can be concluded that the medium of coolant is the best conducter media to absorb and conduct heat because it has a difference out panel (T1) and in panel (T2 amounted to 6.522 °c from Air Aki soft-0.0375 ° C, and water ordinary 1.069 °c.
Panel surya (Photovoltaic) berfungsi menyerap paparan cahaya matahari untuk diubah menjadi energi listrik. Namun jika panas matahari yang diterima berlebih, akan mengurangi daya listrik hasil panel surya tersebut. Maka dari itu diperlukan sebuah alat pemindah panas yang mampu menjaga suhu panel surya selalu didalam keadaan optimal untuk bekerja. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata suhu out panel (T1) lebih besar daripada in panel (T2), suhu atas tangki (T5) lebih besar daripada suhu bawah tangki (T6), dan nilai rata-rata suhu in tangki (T4) berada diantara suhu atas tangki (T5) dan suhu bawah tangki (T6) dari setiap variasi media penghantar. Sementara selisih dari suhu masuk (T2) dan suhu keluar (T1) pada penelitian mengindikasikan seberapa bagus media penghantar dalam menyerap panas yang berlebih. Maka dapat disimpulkan media penghantar coolant adalah media penghantar yang paling baik dalam menyerap dan menghantarkan panas karna memiliki selisih out panel (T1) dan in panel (T2 sebesar 6,522 °C daripada Air Aki Lunak sebesar –0,0375 °C, dan Air biasa 1,069 °C.
Power Consumption Analysis of a BLDC 24V 250W Electric Bike on An Assembled Lithium-ion Battery Pack
Authors: Syafra Wahyudi Fachrul , Purwantono Purwantono , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , K Arwizet 
Published: September 2020

This research is using experimental method. Tests carried out on electric bicycles with 250 Watt Brushless DC motor drive. The total power consumption is obtained through testing the use of electric bicycles which starts from the maximum battery condition until the bike cannot move. The battery used is a type of lithium ion assembly with a total capacity of 29.12 Volt 20Ah. In testing, the bike was driven at maximum speed, with a 65kg rider. In the first test, a distance of 30.6 Km was reached with a power consumption of 1041.1 Watt, 112 minutes of travel time. The second test as far as 31.1 Km requires 1090.8 Watts of power takes 117 minutes. And the 3rd test reached a distance of 35.9 Km with 1178 Watts of power and 128 minutes of travel time. It was also found that the battery was unable to move the bike at the lowest voltage of 22.1 Volt.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Pengujian dilakukan pada sepeda listrik dengan penggerak motor Brushless DC 24V 250 Watt. Total konsumsi daya didapat melalui pengujian pemakaian sepeda listrik yang dimulai dari kondisi baterai maksimum sampai sepeda tidak dapat bergerak. Baterai yang digunakan adalah jenis lithium ion rakitan dengan total kapasitas 29.12 Volt 20Ah. Pada pengujian, sepeda digerakan dengan kecepatan maksimalnya, dengan baban pengendara 65Kg. Pada pengujian pertama tercapai jarak 30.6 Km dengan konsumsi daya 1041.1 Watt, waktu tempuh 112 menit. Pengujian ke-2 sejauh 31.1 Km membutuhkan daya 1090.8 Watt waktu tempuh 117 menit. Dan pengujian ke-3 mencapai jarak 35.9 Km dengan daya 1178 Watt dan waktu tempuh selama 128 menit. Didapati juga hasil bahwa baterai tidak mampu mengerakan sepeda pada tegangan terendah sebesar 22.1 Volt.
Design and Manufacture of Orifice Tube Car Air Conditioning System Simulator with R134a Cooling Fluid
Authors: Andrizal Andrizal , Saputra Hendra Dani , Setiawan Dedi , Setiawan M Yasep 
Published: September 2020

Car air conditioning system simulator is a tool that can be used to learn the mechanism of action and the performance of the air conditioning system with certain treatments. The purpose of this research is to be able to design, make a simulator of air conditioning system type of orifice tube car with R134a cooling fluid to determine the mechanism of action, and analyze the performance of system using R134a cooling fluid. This research is a type of Research and Development (R & D), with the ADDIE model development procedure. Based on the results of research conducted, the final product is a valid and practical Car Air Conditioning System Simulator. Coefficience Of Performance (COP) value = 4.88, and has a practical value of 93 %.
Simulator sistem pengkondisian udara mobil merupakan alat yang dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari mekanisme kerja dan unjuk kerja sistem pengkondisian udara dengan perlakuan tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mampu merancang, membuat simulator sistem pengkondisian udara mobil jenis orifice tube dengan fluida pendingin R134a untuk mengetahui mekanisme kerja, dan menganalisa unjuk kerja sistem dengan menggunakan fluida pendingin R134a. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis Research and Development (R & D), dengan prosedur pengembangan model ADDIE. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dihasilkan produk akhir berupa Simulator Sistem Pengkondisian Udara Mobil yang valid dan praktis. Nilai Cooefficience Of Performance (COP) = 4,88, dan memiliki nilai kepraktisan 93 %.
Punishment for Crimes: An instrument of Social Change
Authors: Kaushal Swati 
Published: September 2020

Abstra The research proposal titled as “Punishment for Crimes : An instrument of Social Change” is a topic of essence keeping in view the present scenario and administration of justice which by now is dominated by deterrent and reformatory theories and on occasions with the undercurrent of retribution and/or prevention. However while awarding the punishments, courts in India have evolved the principle of proportionality which is emerging as a trend in criminal jurisprudence. There are punishments which have been awarded in the past but with the passage of time and emergence of modern civilization have gone into oblivion. The punishments were extermination, public rebuke, lashing though considered to be punitive in nature. But there can be punishments which do not cause any bodily pain to an accused or affect his freedom of movement but to a limited extend like extermination, admonishing and restoration of wrong by compensation or otherwise. The topic has its objective by entering into punishments other than those prescribed in the codes. The reformations and rehabilitations have already assumed the space in criminology but still are considered to be so effective keeping view the increasing crime rate in the referred target group. The research proposal will deal through doctrinal methodology based on primary and secondary source of data. After analysis of one data it will be corroborated with the other for arriving at certainty. For the research proposal, the emerging questions which strikes the mind and on the premise of which the topic is will be dealt are: i) whether the existing punitive punishments have resulted in prevention of the crime, ii) Do the reformation and rehabilitation yield desired results in the context of objectives framed in respective legislations, iii) Can there be non-punitive punishments beyond reformation or rehabilitation, iv) To what extend such punishments can be effective for maintenance of social order and decency v) Whether the non-corporal punishment in earlier statutes need to be brought back as part of administering criminal justice in India. Towards the aforesaid, there is a need for rethinking vis a vis to administration of criminal justice. Accordingly matter will be dealt by understanding the theories of punishments and existing punishments under Indian laws, from criminology and victimology point of view also.
THE EFFECT OF ACTIVE LEARNING METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS MATHEMATICS
Authors: Kazmagambet Bibigul , Ibraimova Zhansaya , Kaymak Serkan 
Published: September 2020

The world is changing so fast, and therefore education needs to adapt to the challenges of times. In order to update the content of school education in the Republic of Kazakhstan modern trends are going to be used. These trends contain pedagogical methods that can be used to preserve and even increase internal motivation, as active learning. Active learning method is an treatment where students participate or interact with the learning process, as opposed to passively taking in the information.The goal of this study is to identify the impact of active learning method on 10th grade students’ attitude towards mathematics of the students the second semester of the school year 2019-2020. More specifically, it attempted to determine and compare the attitude toward mathematics of students’ exposure to active learning and traditional teaching strategy. The Likert scale used to evaluate the attitude of students toward mathematics. Mean, Cronbach value, T-test were the statistical tools used in anatomizing and interpreting the research data. The discovering showed that the students in the active learning group had auspicious attitude than students in the conventional teaching group. According to the findings after research, we saw the direct relation between attitude and active learning. It is concluded that the students’ attitude toward mathematics was better by using active learning strategy. It is recommended that mathematics teacher should use active learning strategy in order to improve the attitude toward mathematics of the students.Keywords: attitude, mathematics, active learning