bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA 2 and other mutations in Chilean population.
Authors: Selman Carolina , Hurtado Mabel , Chahuan Badir , Mella Fabiola , Marsiglia Hugo 
Published: May 2020

e13553 Background: Arturo López Pérez Foundation (FALP) is a Chilean Institution aimed to treatment of cancer patients. Since 2016 it has an Unit for Oncological Genetic Counseling (AGO) for patients with warning flags of potential cases of cancer of genetic origin AGO Unit is aimed to capture patients with warning flags and deliver information through pre-test counseling, offer possibility of a genetic test and post-test counseling. The purpose of this review is to provide relevant results of four years of this Unit. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out from patient care in the Oncological Genetic Counseling Unit of FALP between 2016 and 2019. It was considered those cases in which the process of pretest/post-test counseling was performed. Six "warningflags" were established: cancer in patients under 50 years of age, triple negative breast cancer, breast cancer in men, ovarian cancer, history of 2 or more primary cancers and a family history of cancer The number of test performed was analyzed. The results were expressed in positive pathogenic variants, uncertain variants and negative results. Results: 365 genetic counseling processes were carried out during the period. The average consultation age was 43.2 years (20.8 and 75.5) and 90.1% (329 attentions ) were female. Of the patients, 79.7% (294) perform the genetic test. 18.5% tested positive for a pathogenic variant, 6.5% for a pathogenic variant plus an uncertain variable, and 2.8% for two pathogenic variants. The mutations found were BRCA2 32.6% BRCA1 29.1%, ATM 10.1% RAD51C 6.7% CDKN2 A 5.6%, MUTYH 3.4% TP53 3.4%, MSH2 3.4% RAD51D 2.4%), NF1 1.1%, NTHL1 1.1%, RET 1.1% A 64.9% (237 patients) had cancer diagnosed at the time of the consultation, versus 33.1% of healthy care. 2% had no information. The type of cancer present was 79.7% breast cancer (189), 8.0% ovarian cancer, 2.1% thyroid cancer, 1.7% breast and ovarian cancer, 0.9% colon and/or endometrial cancer and 7.6% other cancers. The warning flags present were 41.2% age below 50 years, 26.2% family history, 15.4% relatives of people with positive results, 8.5% patients with triple-negative breast cancer, 5.3% patients with ovarian cancer, 2.8% patients with 2 or more primary cancers, and 0.6% male breast cancer patients. Conclusions: The highest percentage of patient care was for women with breast cancer, under 50 years of age. The overall test positivity rate is a cumulative 29%. Mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 were the most detected mutations, as reported in the literature. The slight predominance of BRCA 2 may be due to a familiar component. This is the largest report made in the Chilean population.
MLsurvival: an automated machine learning tool for survival analysis of cancer patients.
Authors: Zhou Wei , He Ji 
Published: May 2020

e13555 Background: Survival analysis is used to establish a connection between covariates and the time of event with censored data. Compared with traditional statistical methods, machine learning approaches based on sophisticated and effective computational algorithms are more capable for handling complex multi-dimensional medical data. Methods: We developed an automated machine learning tool MLsurvival to analyze survival data of cancer patients, algorithms of which include the statistical cox regression and machine learning based on linear model (elastic net), ensemble model (gradient boosting with least squares or regression trees and random forest) and support vector kernel (linear and non-linear). The workflow of MLsurvival is comprised with four modules: preprocessing (missing data remove or imputation and feature standardization), feature selection (unsupervised multi-statistics and supervised machine recursive feature elimination with cross-validation), modeling (hyperparameter and performance evaluation) and prediction. To evaluate the performance of this tool, we analyzed medical data for 222 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients at stage II-III who underwent surgical resection and developed five machine learning approach based estimation models for overall survival (OS). Models were trained on 155 patients with 300 features, including clinical information, somatic mutation and copy number variation, and independently validated on the rest 67 patients. Results: The ensemble model of gradient boosting fitted by MLsurvival using 48 selected features for the data of 155 HCC patients possessed the highest mean AUC and C-Index value. For 67 patients in validation set, this model predicted half year mortality of patients with an AUC of 0.9 (95% CI, 0.771-1.029) and one year mortality with an AUC of 0.897 (95% CI, 0.816-0.978). In addition to that, this model was also predictive for the time of recurrence (pvalue < 0.0001). Furthermore, we also utilized this tool in survival analysis for extensive real data from patients with breast, lung, and esophagus cancers, while most of results showed superior accuracy and stable performance. Conclusions: MLsurvial is an automate tool for survival analysis of cancer patients with well performance. The risk scoring system implemented in this tool offers a novel strategy for incorporating multi-dimensional risk factors to predict clinical outcome, contributes to the better understanding of disease background and helps to optimize the clinical follow-up and therapeutic treatment for cancer patients.
“Smoke and screens”: How streaming spreads the habit of smoking.
Authors: Brandon Maximiliano , Ramirez Ilene , Abal Mariana , Garcia Gerardi Carlos , Tognelli Flavio , Niewiadomski Dario , Marin Ordoñez Alba , Gil Deza Ernesto , Gil Deza Lourdes , Gercovich Natasha , Rivarola Edgardo G. J. , Morgenfeld Eduardo L. , Gercovich Felipe G. 
Published: May 2020

e13563 Background: In Argentina, half of the media content reaches viewers through streaming platforms. This papers studies the frequency of smoking in fifty of the most watched programs on Netflix Argentina, and the average exposure to this habit in one hour of viewing. Methods: Between October 1, 2019, and January 10, 2020, we observed fifty of the most watched series on Netflix Argentina, set in the twentieth century or afterwards. The programs were grouped by Netflix Maturity Rating to analyze the frequency of smoking in shows available to different age groups. We established if smoking was present in the show and randomly selected one episode of each to time the amount of smoking. All times were standardized to 60 minutes to compare episodes of different duration. Results: Table shows the frequency of smoking in each of the Netflix Maturity Rating categories. The average exposure time to smoking is 2.5 minutes (r = 0-8 min) every 60 minutes. Conclusions: 1) Viewers are exposed to smoking in 64% of the most watched series on Netflix Argentina, for an equivalent of time to at least three tobacco advertisements per hour. 2) Smoking takes place in 50% to 73% of the series available to teenage viewers (rated 13+ or 16+). 3) Netflix has publicly committed to eradicate smoking from its series. We must ensure this commitment is fulfilled and extended to other streaming platforms and production companies. [Table: see text]
Importance of public awareness of the association of tobacco products to bladder cancer.
Authors: Mullai N , Ruby K. Eric , Weiss Ryan 
Published: May 2020

e13564 Background: Many cancers have well-known association with the use of tobacco products. Cancers of lung, esophagus, head and neck, urinary tract including bladder, kidney, pancreas, cervix, etc. have proven causation to tobacco use. This study highlights the close association of the use of tobacco products to bladder cancer and emphasizes the need for increased public awareness in this regard. Methods: Data were collected from the medical records of patients treated during a five-year period (2012-2017). Three hundred sixty-two (362) biopsy proven bladder cancers were analyzed retrospectively. The association of bladder cancer to tobacco use was established and presented. Results: Three hundred sixty-two pathology proven bladder cancers were studied. Eighty percent (80%) of the occurrences were in men and twenty percent (20%) were in women. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the events were multiple occurrences in same patients. The most common histology was urothelial (transitional cell) cancer. A majority, eighty-one percent (81%) had a history of using tobacco products. Only thirteen percent (13%) were non-smokers. However, several of the non-smokers had exposure to secondary smoking or to chemicals of uncertain nature. About six percent (6%) of the cases had no definitive documentation of their risk factors. Conclusions: Bladder cancer is the ninth most common malignancy in the United States. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common histology. The most important risk factors are the use of tobacco products and exposure to certain environmental factors. More than sixty known carcinogens in tobacco smoke are attributed as the casual factors. Field cancerization is one of the hypotheses that account for multiple occurrences of urothelial cancer. The risk due to tobacco use is associated in 50%-65% in men and 20%-30% in women, which triples the incidences of malignancies as compared to non-smokers. Although, the public are well aware of the association of the use of tobacco products with cancers, such as lung, esophagus, and head and neck, there is less awareness that it is also a casual factor for bladder cancer. This study stresses the importance of this conclusion and the need to create a wide spread awareness among the public on the use of tobacco products as a cause for bladder cancer in both men and women.
Breast cancer in younger patients in Southeast of Brazil: 10-year analysis.
Authors: Aleixo Sabina B. , Pulido Jose Zago , Parmanhane Narelle 
Published: May 2020

e13567 Background: Breast cancer in Brazil is the most common cancer among women and is also responsible for the highest number of cancer deaths in this group. For Brazil, 66,280 new cases of breast cancer are estimated for the year 2020. This corresponds to an estimated risk of 61.61 new cases per 100 thousand women. For Espírito Santo, the estimate is 790 new cases.. Affection in women under the age of 40 is still infrequent, but it has been growing in the country with more aggressive and advanced cancer at diagnoses. It happens that in Brazil, with the publication of Ordinance 61/2015 by the Ministry of Health, the procedure became exclusive to women aged 50 to 69 years, contrary to what Federal Law 11.664 / 2008 requires, which determines the right mammography exam for all women over 40 years of age. In other words, asymptomatic women who are under 50 or over 70 years of age cannot take the exam on the public network. Methods: The data presented in this study correspond to patients diagnosed with breast cancer from 2007 to 2017 and were extracted from the database of the Hospital Cancer Registry of the Evangelical Hospital of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (RHC / HECI) through SisRHC, a tool of management of the computerized database for Hospital Cancer Records. Results: Over the 10 years analyzed, in the south Espírito Santo region, 1,546 women started treatment for breast cancer and of these 528 were aged 49 years or less, stratified by age group: 15-24 years 9 cases (1.71%), 25-34 years 64 cases (12.13%)., 35-39 years 96 cases (18.18%), 40-44 years 156 cases (29.54%), 45-49 years. 203 cases (38.44%). A very important factor when making the diagnosis is the clinical staging (EC) of the disease, a fact that directly influences the type of treatment and the woman's survival. Of the cases analyzed, 464 had complete staging data, of these 27 (5.82%) of the cases were EC 0, EC I were 89 (19.18%), 193 (41.60%) with EC II, 122 ( 26.30%) with EC III and, finally, 33 (7.10%) in EC IV. Conclusions: In Brazil, there is a divergence between the guidance of the INCA (National Cancer Institute), an organ linked to the Ministry of Health, which recommends routine mammography after the age of 50, and the Brazilian Mastology Societies and the Brazilian College of Radiology, which indicate the exam for women over 40 years of age. In this scenario, the reduction in the supply of mammograms puts the country against the recommendations of specialists and medical societies. Mammography is a right for all Brazilian women over 40 years of age. This is the law and we need to enforce it, since the incidence of cancer cases in this age group represented one third of the cases.
The study on the effect of depression on breast cancer incidence through IDO/kynurenine pathway.
Authors: Zhang Yanmei , Zhu Ling , Chen Dandan , Xu Rui , Ren Liping , Wei Xiaoqing , Tang Fan , Zhang Yuzhu , Chen Qianjun 
Published: May 2020

e13569 Background: Psychosocial factors have been considered as the most common causes for women with breast cancer. However, it remains unclear whether mental stress can influence cancer incidence and progression. This study aims to investigate the relationship between them and the potential molecular mechanism. Methods: Depression model was established by restricting MMTV-PyMT mice in a 50ml-fixator for 4 h per day for 21 consecutive days. Behavioral tests including light-dark box test, open-field test and force swimming test were performed. Then blood, brain and mammary samples were collected at the indicated time points. ELISA was used to detect the concentration of neurotransmitters serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine and inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-a and IL-1β in brain tissue and serum. Real-time quantitative qPCR and western blot were used to detect indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression. The level of tryptophan was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Besides, the correlation between IDO expression detected by immunohistochemistry and the severity of mammary tumors was analyzed in the tumor specimens. Results: We observed that chronic stress caused depression-like behaviors, abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine and promoted the development of breast cancer in MMTV-PyMT mice. Depression elevated the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-a and IL-1β in brain tissue and serum, which upregulated the expression of IDO and decreased the level of tryptophan in mice. Furthermore, T cells are sensitive to low tryptophan concentration, so elevated IDO expression suppressed and exhausted CD8+ T cells, ultimately promoting cancer incidence. Administration of xiaoyao pill (a well-known Chinese herbal formula for treating depression) or IDO inhibitor reversed the depression-like behaviors in mice and slowed the development of breast cancer. At the same time, the analysis of clinical samples showed that depression identified by Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) and IDO expression in mammary tumor tissues were positively correlated with the severity of mammary tumors. Conclusions: Altogether, our results suggest that depression can promote tumor immune privilege and cancer occurrence through inducing upregulated IDO expression.
Assessing risk-based LDCT screening strategies versus the current USPSTF lung cancer screening recommendations at an institutional setting.
Authors: Velez Martinez Carol , Thurlapati Aswani , Hirani Samina , Cole Constance Larea , Abad Jade , Beedupalli Kavitha , Mansour Richard P. 
Published: May 2020

e13572 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in men and women with 1.76 million deaths worldwide in 2018 [1]. Given its high prevalence and mortality, trials were developed to improve screening strategies. National-Lung-Screening-Trial showed a 20% relative-risk-reduction in mortality in people screened with annual low-dose-CT-scan [2] leading to the implementation of current USPSTF guidelines. We used USPSTF screening criteria to estimate the proportion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that would have been screening-eligible at our institution.Upon chart review 33% of overall lung cancer patients at our institution did not meet the screening guidelines. We decided to investigate the need to modify the current screening guidelines of our institution based on individual risk assessment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of the new diagnoses at Louisiana-State-University-Shreveport from 2011-2015. Patients were categorized into high-risk (groups 1 and 2), moderate risk, and low risk according to 2018 NCCN Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines Version 1.2020 [3]. To differentiate between high-risk group 2 and moderate risk, the Tammemagi lung cancer risk calculator was employed, considering 1.3% threshold of lung cancer risk over 6-year time frame [4]. According to NCCN, high-risk group 1 and 2 are eligible for annual low-dose-CT-scan. Results: 33% of overall lung cancer patients at our institution did not meet the screening guidelines criteria, among the 33% ineligible for screening, only 12.5% fell under the high-risk category based on the Tammemagi calculator. Conclusions: Despite using individual risk assessment based on Tammemagi calculator, 87.5% of lung cancer patients ineligible to current USPSTF guidelines are still missing the eligibility for screening at our institution. We believe more efficient risk prediction models have to be developed to improve selection of individuals for lung cancer screening.
Breast cancer incidence and behavior in younger patients: A study from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database.
Authors: Nasim Zuha , Girtain Christine , Patel Ishan , Gupta Varsha , Hossain Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

e13581 Background: Breast cancer screening for women less than 40 years old is practically nonexistent. Since screening can detect cancer at an early stage, not having a surveillance guideline for breast cancer in younger women can result in detection of the cancer at advanced stage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and behavior of breast cancer in younger women. Methods: The Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry data from 2004-2014 was accessed for the study. All women diagnosed with breast cancer and with complete information were included in the study. The data was further divided into two groups based on the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis. The younger group consisted of women < 40 years old (group 1) and the older group consisted of women ≥40 years old (group 2). Both groups were compared on demography and characteristics of the cancer. The continuous variables were tested using student t-tests and categorical variables were compared using Chi-squared or Fisher exact tests. Multivariate analysis was done to find the association of high-grade cancer using a logistic regression model. All p-values are two sided and values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of 599,782 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria, 28, 243 (4.71%) diagnosed with breast cancer were younger women age < 40 years old. A higher proportion of these younger women presented with larger tumor sizes (between 5.1-10.0 cm), poorly differentiated cancer cells (55.88% vs. 32.85%, P < 0.001) and triple negative receptors (6.83% vs. 3.81%, P < 0.001) than older women respectively. Younger age was significantly associated with high-grade tumor at presentation when controlling for race and marital status. There was roughly 3% increased risk of a high-grade tumor with each decrease of 1 year (odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.96, 0.99], P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study found that the incidence of breast cancer in younger women was just below 5%, however, when the cancer was diagnosed, these group presented in advanced stages and more aggressive cancer types.
Epidemiology of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the United States.
Authors: Boyle Tirza Areli Calderón , St. Laurent Samantha , Semus Simon , Joseph Nedra 
Published: May 2020

e13600 Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy of the secretory glands, accounting for approximately 1% of head and neck cancers and 10% of salivary gland neoplasms. ACC primarily occurs in the major and minor salivary glands; however, it is found in other sites of the head and neck, breast, female genital tract, prostate and skin. There is limited scientific literature on the epidemiology of ACC and no published incidence or prevalence estimates across all anatomic sites. Methods: Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registries, ACC cases were identified by International Classification of Diseases for Oncology 3rd Edition histology codes. Data from 2012-2016 were used to estimate age-adjusted incidence rates (IR) and 5-year limited duration prevalence (LDP). Data from 2000-2016 were used to approximate 16-year LDP. IR and LDP were estimated overall and by age, sex and race. IR was calculated for each anatomic site. Total incident and prevalent cases were projected using the 2020 US Census population. Analyses were conducted in SEER*Stat (v8.3.6) and SAS 9.4. Results: In the US, ACC age-adjusted IR was 0.35 per 100,000 and 5- and 16-year LDP were 1.48 and 3.24 per 100,000, respectively (Table). ACC IR and LDP (per 100,000) were highest in those aged 75-79 years (IR 1.45; 5-year LDP 5.82; 16-year LDP 14.25) and in females, and lowest among Native Americans/Alaska Natives. ACC IR (per 100,000) were highest in the oral cavity and pharynx (IR 0.19), salivary glands (IR 0.12), respiratory system (IR 0.07) and breast (IR 0.05). As of January 1, 2020, 10,777 patients were living with ACC in the US who had been diagnosed 2000-2016. Conclusions: This study describes the US epidemiology of ACC across all anatomic sites and provides incidence and prevalence estimates not currently published in the literature. Improving understanding of the epidemiology of this rare cancer has important implications for the development of effective clinical and public health interventions. [Table: see text]