bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large and irreversible future decline of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Gregory Jonathan M. , George Steven E. , Smith Robin S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We have studied the evolution of the Greenland ice sheet
under a range of constant
climates typical of those projected for the end of the present century
using a dynamical ice sheet model (Glimmer) coupled to
an atmosphere general circulation model (FAMOUS–ice AGCM).
The ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB) is simulated within the AGCM
by a multilayer snow scheme from snowfall and surface energy fluxes,
including refreezing and dependence on altitude within AGCM grid boxes.
Over millennia under any warmer climate, the ice sheet
reaches a new steady state, whose
mass is correlated with the magnitude of global climate change imposed.
If a climate that gives the recently observed SMB were maintained,
global-mean sea level rise (GMSLR) would reach 0.5–2.5 m.
For any global warming exceeding 3 K, the contribution to GMSLR exceeds 5 m.
For the largest global warming considered (about +5 K), the rate of GMSLR
is initially 2.7 mm yr−1, and eventually only a small ice cap
endures, resulting in over 7 m of GMSLR.
Our analysis gives a qualitatively different impression from previous work
in that we do not find
a sharp threshold warming that divides scenarios in
which the ice sheet suffers little reduction
from those in which it is mostly lost.
The final steady state is achieved by withdrawal from the coast in some places
and a tendency for increasing SMB due to enhancement of
cloudiness and snowfall over the remaining ice sheet by the effects
of topographic change on atmospheric circulation,
outweighing the tendency for decreasing SMB from the reduction
in surface altitude.
If late 20th-century climate is restored
after the ice sheet mass has fallen below
a threshold of about 4 m of sea level equivalent,
it will not regrow to its present extent
because the snowfall in the northern part of the island is reduced
once the ice sheet retreats from there.
In that case, about 2 m of GMSLR would become irreversible.
In order to avoid this outcome, anthropogenic climate change must be
reversed before the ice sheet has declined to the threshold mass,
which would be reached in about 600 years at the highest rate of
mass loss within the likely range of the
Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
El silencio administrativo y el delito de prevaricación administrativa
Authors: Guerra Tschuschke Alberto 
Published: December 2020

El autor trata de poner en relación una institución básica del Derecho Administrativo, como es el silencio administrativo y sus diferentes efectos jurídicos (producción de verdaderos actos presuntos o mera fictio iuris) con algunos elementos del tipo penal de prevaricación administrativa del artículo 404 del Código Penal español. El contraste es notable, pues el silencio administrativo ha sido técnicamente perfilado a lo largo de décadas de análisis doctrinal y jurisprudencial, mientras que algunos elementos del tipo delictivo permanecen sin refinar, pues hasta muy recientes fechas su aplicación se ha reservado para supuestos muy ostensibles.
The author tries to relate a basic institution of administrative law, such as administrative silence and its different legal effects (production of alleged acts or mere fictio iuris) with some elements of the criminal type of administrative prevarication of article 404 of the Spanish Criminal Code. The contrast is remarkable, since the administrative silence has been technically outlined over decades of doctrinal and jurisprudential analysis, while some elements of the criminal type remain unrefined, because until very recently its application has been reserved for very ostensible assumptions.
Common Fixed Point Theorems for Commuting Self Maps in Banach Spaces via a Measure of Non-compactness
Authors: Frimpong K. Piesie 
Published: December 2020

This paper provides common fixed point theorems for a commuting family of self mappings in Banach spaces via a measure of non-compactness. The choice of a commuting family of self maps provides a result that is unique in its own right, generalize Darbos fixed point theorem and specifically extend and improve the work of Meryeme El Harrak and Ahmed Hajji.
Potential Applications of Cereals and Yams as Functional Foods to Reduce the Risk of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Chiranthika N. N. G. , Gunathilake K. D. P. P. , Chandrasekara Ananda 
Published: December 2020

The chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) are increasing throughout the populations and the burden of diseases is rising globally. Epidemiological evidences supports claim that intake of foods with certain health benefits and reducing the risk of NCDs are having positive correlation, therefore, a rise in demand for foods including phytochemicals can be observed. Cereals and yams are known to be rich sources of phytochemicals which can be utilized to produce functional food products having the potential of reducing the risk of chronic NCDs such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and certain types of cancers. In this review, the potentials of various cereals and yams that are being used as functional food products for human consumption to reduce the risk of NCD are being examined. The study further included a review on different phytochemicals in cereals and yams based functional food products and their bioactivity, potential of microencapsulation, cereal by products, influence of starch modification on functional food products, and capability of utilizing cereal by products in functional food industry.
In vitro Anticoagulant Effect of Grape Seed Extract (Vitis vinifera) on Human Normal Blood Sample
Authors: Hassan Somia Attaelseed , Abdelaziz Zeinab Sayed , Elbasheir Mohammed Mobarak , Elradi Wala Eldin Osma , Allah Elharam Ibrahim Abd , Elmahi Aadil Yousif 
Published: December 2020

Background: Scientists have used herbs nowadays for curing many diseases because they are safer and to overcome the side effect of the chemical drugs. Grape is one of the ancient herbs that used for diseases of the heart and blood vessels, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, skin care and many other conditions. Grape seeds have significantly higher concentrations of polyphenols which has anticoagulant and antithrombotic effect.
Materials and Methods: In this study 20 normal blood samples from healthy individuals with age range (19-38) years were enrolled in this study]. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests were performed before adding grape seed extraction (GSE) (as control) and after adding GSE with different concentrations (25%, 50% and 75%).
Results: The results revealed that grape seed extract has an anticoagulant effect as proven by the increase of Prothrombin time and Activated partial thromboplastin time results of the blood samples in different concentrations of the extract. The GSE showed a high statistical significant (P= 0.000) in all concentrations of both PT and APTT tests.
Conclusion: This study suggests that GSE has a strong anticoagulant effect; so it can potentially be used as a supplementary anticoagulant agent to prevent thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Double Charge Polarity Switching in Sb‐Doped SnSe with Switchable Substitution Sites
Authors: Yamamoto Chihiro , He Xinyi , Katase Takayoshi , Ide Keisuke , Goto Yosuke , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu , Samizo Akane , Minohara Makoto , Ueda Shigenori , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Hosono Hideo , Kamiya Toshio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTin mono‐selenide (SnSe) is one of the most promising thermoelectric materials; however, it experiences difficulty in controlling the carrier polarity, which is inevitable for realizing p‐n homojunction devices. Herein, double switching of charge polarity in (Sn1−xSbx)Se by varying x is reported; pure SnSe shows p‐type conduction, whereas the polarity of (Sn1−xSbx)Se switches to n‐type conduction for 0.005 < x < 0.05, and then re‐switches to p‐type conduction for x > 0.05. The major Sb substitution site switches from the Se (SbSe) to Sn site (SbSn) with increasing x. SbSn (Sb3+ at Sn2+) works as a donor, but SbSe (Sb3− at Se2−) does not produce a hole because of the Sb–Sb dimer formation. The mechanism of double polarity switching is explained by native p‐type conduction in pure SnSe due to Sn‐vacancy formation, whereas (Sn1−xSbx)Se exhibits n‐type behavior due to conduction through the SbSe impurity band formed above the valence band maximum, and finally re‐switches to weak p‐type, where the Fermi level approaches the midgap level between the SbSe band and conduction band minimum. Clarification of the Sb doping mechanism will provide a crucial guide for developing more sophisticated doping routes for SnSe and high‐performance energy‐related devices.
Nondestructive Visualization of Interfacial Conducting Inhomogeneities in Memristive Oxides by Electroluminescence
Authors: Lin Weijian , Li Dong , Su Yangtao , Shi Haibin , Wang Li , Cao Xinyu , Meng Yang , Zhao Hongwu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe formation of conducting paths consisting of oxygen vacancies plays a crucial role in the resistive switching (RS) phenomenon in oxides. However, it is extremely challenging to probe the dynamic distribution of oxygen vacancies under changing electric field without breaking the device. In this work, the temporal‐spatial variation of oxygen vacancies in memristive Nb‐SrTiO3 devices has been investigated nondestructively by defect states mediated electroluminescence (EL). The disparate spatial inhomogeneities of conducting paths penetrating the Au/Nb‐SrTiO3 interfaces are clearly demonstrated on the device scale, which is completely subject to the forming bias polarity. Moreover, the EL spectroscopy results confirm the existence of temporary nonequilibrium states in conducting paths. The causal relationship between the EL emission and oxygen vacancies concentration paves a pathway to explore RS dynamics in oxides, and further to design novel electro‐optical devices.
Synthesis of thermoresponsive copolymer/silica‐coated magnetite nanoparticle composite and its application for heavy metal ion recovery
Authors: Tomonaga Hitoshi , Hayashi Kodai , Matsuyama Tatsushi , Ida Junichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo enhance chemical stability and suppress of aggregation of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), which are used as a support for thermoresponsive copolymer immobilization, silica coating of the MNPs is applied via the electrooxidation method. Although the resulting silica coated‐MNPs also formed aggregates, the size distribution of the aggregate shifted to smaller size range. Because of that, the surface area available for copolymer immobilization increased approximately 6.7 times at maximum as compared with that of the uncoated MNPs. It contributed to the increase of the amount of the immobilized copolymer on the silica‐coated MNPs, which is approximately four times larger than that on the uncoated MNPs. Fe3O4 dissolution test confirmed enhancement of chemical stability of MNPs. The thermoresponsive copolymer immobilized on the silica‐coated MNPs shows the ability to recycle Cu(II) ion from Cu(II) containing solution by changing temperature with significantly shorter time than those in other thermoresponsive adsorbents in gel form.
Preparation and Performance of Dual‐functional Magnetic Phase‐change Microcapsules
Authors: Li Furong , Sun Zhicheng , Jiao Shouzheng , Ma Yutong , Zhang Qingqing , Zhou Yang , Wen Jinyue , Liu YuanYuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe fabrication of desired anti‐magnetic materials for irradiation shielding remains a challenge to date. In this work, a new type of dual‐functional magnetic shielding phase change microcapsules with paraffin as the core, melamine‐formaldehyde (MF) resin as the shell and doped with magnetic particles in the shell were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. The magnetic particles were dispersed in the shell layer by coating a hydrophilic emulsifier on the surface. These microcapsules were specifically applied to the field of magnetic shielding by the screen printing method. The effect of magnetic particles on the performance of phase‐change microcapsules was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses. The magnetic type and magnetic strength of the microcapsules were studied by the vibrating sample magnetometer. Moreover, the effects of different magnetic particles (Fe3O4, CrO2) on the performance of phase change microcapsules and the magnetic strength of microcapsules were compared. The results showed that these two kinds of magnetic particles can greatly improve the phase change latent heat, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity of the microcapsules. Finally, the great magnetic shielding role of these microcapsules was demonstrated in both static and pulsed magnetic fields through the screen printing of magnetic shielding ink on wallpaper. Incorporating 0.5 g Fe3O4 inside of microcapsules, specifically, the magnetic intensity was effectively reduced by ∼250 Oe within a short distance in the static field. We expect that these magnetic microcapsules hold great potential for the shielding of irradiations via the screen printing on various substrates.
Sliding mode control of double input buck buck–boost fused converter
Authors: Sen Dibyendu , Saha Tapas Kumar , Dey Jayati 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a hysteresis band‐based multivariable sliding mode control (SMC) for the double input buck buck–boost fused converter. The considered converter is operated at a controlled output voltage, while supplied from two different levels of input voltages from two different sources. The proposed control is to ensure the faster time of responses during the variation in the dual references, the output voltage, and low‐voltage source current, simultaneously. The controller is developed by considering these two controlled variables, which are directly dependent on each other. This multivariable SMC is shown to perform successfully to maintain the controlled variables at their desired values despite the variation in the input voltage sources and also during perturbation in the load impedance. The stability analysis for the closed‐loop system is established with the Lyapunov method, which confirms that both of the controlled variables reach the desired stable band at the steady state. The control is implemented in the simulation environment for different operating conditions. A laboratory prototype is developed to implement the multivariable SMC. The experimental results successfully validate their simulated counterparts.
A Novel Optimization of Water‐Soluble Compound Polysaccharides from Chinese Herbal Medicines by Quantitative Theory and Study on Its Characterization and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Yang Xu , Ji Hai‐yu , Feng Ying‐ying , Yu Juan , Liu An‐jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study optimized the extraction characterization and antioxidant activities of water‐soluble compound polysaccharides (CPs) from hawthorn, lotus leaf, Fagopyrum tataricum, semen cassiae, Lycium barbarum, and Poria cocos Chinese herbal medicines that have mass ratios of 4 : 2 : 2 : 1.5 : 1 : 1. The CPs yield equation was predicted using quantitative theory, to which a maximum CPs yield of 7.18±0.24 % under the following optimal extraction conditions: a water‐to‐raw material ratio of 30 mL/g, an extraction temperature of 65 °C, an extraction time of 45 min, and extraction mode ultrasonic‐assistant extraction. CPs were consisted of Ara, Gal, Glc, Xyl, Man, GalA and GlcA in a molar ratio of 3.1 : 2.6 : 50.6 : 1.7 : 20.4 : 17.2 : 4.2. The HPGPC profiles and FT‐IR spectra implied that CPs were heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides and possessed the β‐d‐pyranose configuration. Congo red test, CD spectrum and SEM revealed that CPs with three helix conformation showed a flocculent, granulous or sheet‐like appearance. Furthermore, the relationships between antioxidant activity and concentration of CPs displayed significant positive correlation, and the scavenging abilities for DPPH, hydroxyl radical, ABTS, superoxide‐anion radical and reducing power of CPs were 93.56±2.51 %, 84.03±1.69 %, 83.29±1.93 %, 37.49±1.93 % and 0.467±0.006 at a concentration of 4.0 mg/mL. Therefore, CPs could be applied as a potential natural antioxidant in pharmaceutical or functional food fields.
Singlet Fission in Thin Solid Films of Bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrroles
Authors: Rais David , Toman Petr , Pfleger Jiří , Acharya Udit , Panthi Yadu R. , Menšík Miroslav , Zhigunov Alexander , Thottappali Muhammed A. , Vala Martin , Marková Aneta , Stříteský Stanislav , Weiter Martin , Cigánek Martin , Krajčovič Jozef , Pauk Karel , Imramovský Aleš , Zaykov Alexandr , Michl Josef 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe singlet fission (SF) process discovered in bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrroles (TDPPs) can boost their potential for photovoltaics (PV). The crystal structures of TDPP analogs carrying n‐hexyl, n‐butyl, or 2‐(adamant‐1‐yl)ethyl substituents are similar, but contain increasingly slipped stacked neighbor molecules. The observed SF rate constants, kSF, (7±4), (9±3) and (5.6±1.9) ns−1 for thin films of the three compounds, respectively, are roughly equal, but the triplet quantum yields vary strongly: (120±40), (160±40) and (70±16), respectively. The recent molecular pair model reproduces the near equality of all three kSF at the crystal geometries and identifies all possible pair arrangements in which SF is predicted to be faster, by up to two orders of magnitude. However, it is also clear that the presently non‐existent ability to predict the rates of processes competing with SF is pivotal for providing a guide for efforts to optimize the materials for PV.
Acute hyperglycaemia in cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations
Authors: Merjaneh Lina , Toprak Demet , McNamara Sharon , Nay Laura , Sullivan Erin , Rosenfeld Margaret 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperglycaemia may contribute to failure to recover from pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (CF). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and mechanism of hyperglycaemia during and post‐exacerbations.MethodsNine paediatric CF patients, not on insulin, hospitalized for intravenous antibiotics, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) upon admission (visit 1) and an OGTT 2 weeks (visit 2) and 6 weeks to 12 months later when at stable baseline (visit 3). Insulin and glucose levels were measured before, 30, 60 and 120 min after glucose ingestion during OGTT. Hyperglycaemia on OGTT was defined according to the American Diabetes Association criteria as abnormal OGTT or consistent with diabetes. Hyperglycaemia on CGM was defined as CGM time above 140 mg/dL > 4.5%.ResultsAt visit 1, 8/9 patients had hyperglycaemia on both CGM and OGTT (2 diabetes and 6 abnormal OGTT). At visit 2, 5/8 had hyperglycaemia (all abnormal OGTT). At visit 3, (median (IQR) time since visit 1, 4.9 (3.8‐6.3) months), 5/7 had hyperglycaemia (2 diabetes and 3 abnormal OGTT). At visits 1, 2 and 3, respectively, mean (SD) 2‐hour OGTT glucose was 175.8 (42.3), 146.3 (31.9) and 176.9 (51.7) mg/dL. CGM time above 140 mg/dL at visit 1 was 25.3% (16.9). Insulin AUC decreased from visit 2 (median (IQR) 5449 (3321‐8123) mcIU‐min/mL) to visit 3 (3234 (2913‐3680) mcIU‐min/mL).ConclusionHyperglycaemia is prevalent during paediatric CF exacerbations; it appears to improve with exacerbation treatment but to worsen later in association with decreased insulin secretion.
Safety of high‐dose Puerariae Lobatae Radix in adolescent rats based on metabolomics
Authors: Chen Limei , Jiang E. , Guan Yongmei , Xu Pan , Shen Qian , Liu Zhiyong , Zhu Weifeng , Chen Lihua , Liu Hongning , Dong Huanhuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPuerariae Lobatae Radix (PLR) is the dried root of the leguminous plant Pueraria lobata and is a common component of health products and medicines. Although it is considered safe, some studies have reported that PLR has hepatotoxicity and estrogen‐like effects. In this study, the safety of high doses of PLR water extract administered to adolescent SD rats for 30 days was evaluated by biochemical, histopathological, and metabolomic analyses. Overall, there were no significant differences between the low‐dose and blank control groups in parameter values, including organ wet weight, organ coefficient, routine blood indicators, serum biochemical indexes of liver and renal function, levels of estradiol and testosterone, histopathological parameters, and primary differential metabolite profiles. Compared with the blank control group, the high‐dose group may have a certain effect on the liver. These effects might be mediated by abnormal phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis or phenylalanine metabolism. However, histopathological analyses did not show differences in the liver, kidney, breast, uterus, ovary, testis, and epididymis between the control group and the group treated with a high dose of PLR water extract. PLR water extract did not significantly promote the precocity of male and female sexual organs. Overall, PLR water extract is relatively safe for adolescent SD rats.
Where children play sport: A comparative analysis of participation in organised sport in school and club settings
Authors: Lincoln Douglas J. , Clemens Susan L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIssue addressedThe health benefits for children of regular physical activity (PA) are well documented. This study examined relationships between organised sport participation in multiple settings and child and household‐level characteristics.MethodsUsing a general population survey of Queensland children's health and lifestyle characteristics, participation in organised sport was examined in (a) club settings, (b) club‐based team and individual organised sport settings and (c) school settings. The association between organised sport participation in these settings and meeting the Australian PA guidelines was also considered.ResultsOrganised sport participation prevalence was 46% (both school and club settings), 16% (club sport only), 20% (school sport only) and 18% (neither setting). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated participation in one setting increased the odds of participation in other settings, exclusive participation in individual sport decreased the odds of school sport participation and organised sport participation was not associated with meeting recommended PA guidelines for children.ConclusionsThe study highlights areas where the contribution of organised sport to PA more broadly could be strengthened. Organised sport participation, however, was not sufficient to meet the child PA guidelines. The home environment, availability of parents and guardians and PA opportunities in other settings, such as school, free time and active transport, are as important to increasing children's PA levels.So what?While organised sport is an important component towards meeting PA guidelines, PA policy and program development should consider strategies to encourage PA in other settings to help children achieve health‐enhancing levels of PA that are sustained into adulthood.