bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential toxicity of polystyrene microplastic particles
Authors: Hwang Jangsun , Choi Daheui , Han Seora , Jung Se Yong , Choi Jonghoon , Hong Jinkee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnvironmental pollution arising from plastic waste is a major global concern. Plastic macroparticles, microparticles, and nanoparticles have the potential to affect marine ecosystems and human health. It is generally accepted that microplastic particles are not harmful or at best minimal to human health. However direct contact with microplastic particles may have possible adverse effect in cellular level. Primary polystyrene (PS) particles were the focus of this study, and we investigated the potential impacts of these microplastics on human health at the cellular level. We determined that PS particles were potential immune stimulants that induced cytokine and chemokine production in a size-dependent and concentration-dependent manner.
Additive Genetic Behavior of Stem Solidness in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Bainsla Naresh Kumar , Yadav Rajbir , Singh Gyanendra Pratap , Sharma Ram Kumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStem solidness in wheat is an important architectural trait to support the erect behavior of the plant. The varieties with high yield potential due to increased sink strength tend to lodge either because of poor anchorage or weak stem. The solid stem can partially counter the tradeoff between biomass driven yield gain irrespective of the plant height. Stem solidness being a complex trait with highly variable expressivity, understanding its genetic behavior in different genetic backgrounds is highly essential to integrate this trait in the breeding program. In this study, the expressivity of a solid stem in different internodes was investigated in nine F2populations selected from 34 F1s (solid stem × hollow stem and hollow stem × hollow stem). The progeny of solid stem type F1plants from hollow stem parents indicated the complementation of favorable alleles dispersed among the parents. Non-confirmation to digenic complementary (9:7) model of inheritance and polynomial distribution of the trait in all F2populations indicates multiple factors complementation in the additive fashion for stem solidness.
Stockpiling by pups and self-sacrifice by their fasting mothers observed in birth to weaning serum metabolomes of Atlantic grey seals
Authors: Watson David G. , Pomeroy Patrick P. , Al-Tannak Naser F. , Kennedy Malcolm W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring the uniquely short lactations of true seals, pups acquire a greater proportion of maternal body resources, at a greater rate, than in any other group of mammals. Mothers in many species enter a period of anorexia but must preserve sufficient reserves to fuel hunting and thermoregulation for return to cold seas. Moreover, pups may undergo a period of development after weaning during which they have no maternal care or nutrition. This nutritionally closed system presents a potentially extreme case of conflict between maternal survival and adequate provisioning of offspring, likely presenting strains on their metabolisms. We examined the serum metabolomes of five mother and pup pairs of Atlantic grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, from birth to weaning. Changes with time were particularly evident in pups, with indications of strain in the fat and energy metabolisms of both. Crucially, pups accumulate certain compounds to levels that are dramatically greater than in mothers. These include compounds that pups cannot synthesise themselves, such as pyridoxine/vitamin B6, taurine, some essential amino acids, and a conditionally essential amino acid and its precursor. Fasting mothers therefore appear to mediate stockpiling of critical metabolites in their pups, potentially depleting their own reserves and prompting cessation of lactation.
Filtering phase shifter with wide bandwidth and multiple transmission zeros
Authors: Nie Yi , Zhang Wei , Shi Jin 
Published: April 2020

A wideband filtering phase shifter is proposed using a cascaded single line and coupled line as a shunt stub of the centre‐coupled line. Such kind of a shunt stub provides the possibility to achieve wideband impedance matching, wideband phase shift, and multiple controllable transmission zeros (TZs) at the same time. The coupling between the shunt stubs of the practical layout can generate extra TZs and enhance the frequency selectivity. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art designs, the proposed one has wider bandwidth, more TZs and medium size, and the former cannot juggle bandwidth and size. Two prototypes at 1.76 GHz are designed with the relative operating bandwidth for 45°±3° (90°±4.2°) phase shift of 75% (76%), five TZs and the minimum return loss of 14.7 dB.
Lumped element balanced multi‐band bandstop filter for ultra high frequency applications
Authors: Borah Dubari , Kalkur Thottam S. 
Published: April 2020

An ultra‐compact multi‐band balanced (differential) bandstop filter (BSF) topology with all lumped elements has been introduced for the first time in this study. The proposed filter is a four‐port structure where each symmetrical bisection is a series cascade of K N ‐band cells. Each N ‐band cell comprises of N parallel resonant circuits connected to the same node, through capacitors. K series‐coupled N ‐band filter sections in the symmetrical bisection exhibit a K th order N ‐band BSF response in differential mode (DM) whereas common mode (CM) signal is minimally affected and maintains a high CM rejection ratio (CMRR). The advantages associated with this engineered structure can be summarised as follows: (i) it can be extrapolated to realise an arbitrary number of DM stopbands; (ii) it does not need any additional component in the symmetry plane to suppress the CM noise; and (iii) it occupies a very small area. For demonstration, a second‐order dual‐band differential BSF with resonant frequencies 1.15 and 1.36 GHz is designed and fabricated. It offers a rejection level of about 25 dB for each DM stopband and maintains a CMRR value of about 25 dB for both bands. Moreover, it covers an area of only 0.003, where is the guided wavelength at the centre frequency between the two bands.
The obscured X-ray binaries V404 Cyg, Cyg X–3, V4641 Sgr, and GRS 1915+105
Authors: Koljonen K. I. I. , Tomsick J. A. 
Published: April 2020

Aims. V404 Cyg, Cyg X–3, V4641 Sgr, and GRS 1915+105 are among the brightest X-ray binaries and display complex behavior in their multiwavelength emission. Except for Cyg X–3, the other three sources have large accretion disks, and there is evidence of a high orbital inclination. Therefore, any large-scale geometrical change in the accretion disk can cause local obscuration events. On the other hand, Cyg X–3 orbits its Wolf-Rayet companion star inside the heavy stellar wind obscuring the X-ray source. We study here whether the peculiar X-ray spectra observed from all four sources can be explained by local obscuration events.
Methods. We used spectra obtained with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer to study the spectral evolution of the four luminous hard X-ray sources. We fit the time-averaged spectra, and also time-resolved spectra in case of V404 Cyg, with two physically motivated models describing either a scenario where all the intrinsic emission is reprocessed in the surrounding matter or where the emitter is surrounded by a thick torus with variable opening angle.
Results. We show that the X-ray spectra during specific times are very similar in all four sources, likely arising from the high-density environments where they are embedded. The fitted models suggest that a low-luminosity phase preceding an intense flaring episode in the 2015 outburst of V404 Cyg is heavily obscured, but intrinsically very bright (super-Eddington) accretion state. Similar spectral evolution to that of V404 Cyg is observed from the recent X-ray state of GRS 1915+105 that presented unusually low luminosity. The modeling results point to a geometry change in the (outflowing) obscuring matter in V404 Cyg and GRS 1915+105, which is also linked to the radio (jet) evolution. Within the framework of the models, all sources display obscured X-ray emission, but with different intrinsic luminosities ranging from lower than 1% of the Eddington luminosity up to the Eddington limit. This indicates that different factors cause the obscuration. This work highlights the importance of taking the reprocessing of the X-ray emission in the surrounding medium into account in modeling the X-ray spectra. This may well take place in other sources as well.
Bouveret’s Syndrome – Case Series with Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Kukiolka Tobias , Borovicka Jan , Baumeler Stephan , Schiesser Marc , Gubler Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBouveret’s syndrome is a rare complication resulting from gallstone disease. Both surgical and endoscopical procedures are performed, with the disease to be seen as strictly interdisciplinary. There are no well-established recommendations for this condition. In this paper, we want to describe our experience from 6 cases in 3 Swiss hospitals from 2015 to 2017 with emphasis on the endoscopic technique of electrohydraulic lithotripsy followed by balloon dilatation and propose a treatment algorithm.
Spontaneous Rupture of Infected Walled-Off Necrosis in the Transverse Colon with a Nonoperative Favorable Outcome: A Rare Event
Authors: Chauhan Virender , Gupta Gaurav Kumar , Goel Vasudha , Mudgal Dilip Singh , Jain Mukesh , Nijhawan Sandeep 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfected walled-off necrosis (WON) is a well-known complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, with higher mortality and morbidity. An infected or symptomatic WON requires drainage. Occasionally, WON may spontaneously fistulize into the gastrointestinal lumen or may rupture into the peritoneum. We describe a case of spontaneous rupture of WON in the transverse colon with uncomplicated spontaneous resolution, which is an extremely rare event.
FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR NEURO REHABILITATION. A NEW DESIGN PARADIGM
Authors: K. Subramanya , Kanakabettu Ajithanjaya Kumar Mijar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of the most exciting recent advances in the neuroprosthetics field has been the application of biosignals in the design of functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices. An Electromyogram (EMG) measures the electrical activity in muscles and is often considered as ideal candidate biosignal for designing closed-loop controlled FES system. In this brief communication, we propose a novel design paradigm of a synergistic benefit of incorporating two different design principles in development of an EMG controlled FES system that hold promise for the future of rehabilitation of stroke and other neurological disorders. The proposed system will detect the residual EMG signals from the muscle and suitably adjust the stimulation current amplitude and stimulate the paralyzed muscles with a 'natural' EMG pattern envelope. We offer this design as a fruitful area for fuing recent advances in the neuroprosthetics field has been the application of biosignals in the design of functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices. An Electromyogram (EMG) measures the electrical activity in muscles and is often considered as ideal candidate biosignal for designing closed-loop controlled FES system. In this brief communication, we propose a novel design paradigm of a synergistic benefit of incorporating two different design principles in development of an EMG controlled FES system that hold promise for the future of rehabilitation of stroke and other neurological disorders. The proposed system will detect the residual EMG signals from the muscle and suitably adjust the stimulation current amplitude and stimulate the paralyzed muscles with a 'natural' EMG pattern envelope. We offer this design as a fruitful area for future research and clinical application.
LUMBAR EXTRADURAL SPONTANEOUS HEMATOMA WITH ACUTE PARAPARESIS
Authors: Hegde Deepak , Rai H. R. , Mathias Lawrence John , C. Vinay Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Primary epidural hematomas or “hematorrachis” are rare and less frequent in the lumbar region. It presents with acute onset of severe back pain and rapid development of signs of compression
Objective: To report a case of lumbar extradural spontaneous hematoma with acute paraparesis.
Case Report: A 65 year old male presented with acute back ache of 2weeks duration with Radicular pain and numbness of both feet. He had progressive asymmetrical weakness of the lower extremities without bowel/bladder involvement and inability to walk.Radiograph of spine shows Grade 1 listhesis of L4-L5.MRI of LS Spine s/o synovial cyst at L2-L3 level.Left Facet joint arthropathy L2-L3. Patient underwent L2 laminectomy with removal of synovial cyst and hematoma
Results: The patient had motor improvement of grade 3 power in hip and knee flexors and EHL AND EDL.3 months follow up showed grade 4 of all lower limb muscles with sensory numbness present on L3-L4 and L4-L5.
Conclusion: Spontaneous spinal extradural hematoma should be suspected in any patient who complains of local or referred spinal pain associated with acute limb weakness, sensory deficits, with or without cauda equina symptoms.
Natural History of Patients with Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: A. Sudhakar , K. Sravan Kumar , Girinadh L. R.S. , MuraliKrishna P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy of the bile ducts. Globally, CCA is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy. These tumors usually progress insidiously, are difficult to diagnose, and have poor prognosis. Unfortunately, treatment options are discouraging. Data on the natural history of CCA in coastal Andhra Pradesh is limited. Our aim is to report the natural history of CCA in this region.
Improved preparation of vitexin from hot water extract of Basella alba, the commercially available vegetable Malabar spinach (“Tsurumurasaki” in Japanese) and the application to semisynthesis of chafuroside B
Authors: Kurahayashi Kazuki , Hanaya Kengo , Higashibayashi Shuhei , Sugai Takeshi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hot water extraction of D-arabinofuranosylvitexin from the raw leaves of commercially available Basella alba “Tsurumurasaki” and subsequent acidic hydrolysis was improved to be a procedure using a high-pressure steam sterilizer to afford vitexin. The amount was estimated to be 14.1 mg from 1 g of dry weight of the raw leaves, whose recovery was calculated to be 95% based on the estimated content of D-arabinofuranosylvitexin in B. alba raw leaves. The product was dehydratively cyclized between hydroxy groups on the carbohydrate and flavone skeletons under modified Mitsunobu reaction conditions in N,N-dimethylformamide to give chafuroside B, which is known to be a bioactive Oolong tea polyphenol. Through these transformations, 10.2 mg of chafuroside B could be semisynthesized from 1 g of dry weight of the raw leaves, and the efficiency was improved compared to that from the extraction from Oolong tea (3.4 μg from 1 g of dry weight).
Quantitative proteomic analysis of trypsin‐treated extracellular vesicles to identify the real‐vesicular proteins
Authors: Choi Dongsic , Go Gyeongyun , Kim Dae‐Kyum , Lee Jaewook , Park Seon‐Min , Di Vizio Dolores , Gho Yong Song 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer and released into the extracellular milieu by most of cells. Although various EV isolation methods have been established, most of the current methods isolate EVs with contaminated non‐vesicular proteins. By applying the label‐free quantitative proteomic analyses of human colon cancer cell SW480‐derived EVs, we identified trypsin‐sensitive and trypsin‐resistant vesicular proteins. Further systems biology and protein–protein interaction network analyses based on their cellular localization, we classified the trypsin‐sensitive and trypsin‐resistant vesicular proteins into two subgroups: 363 candidate real‐vesicular proteins and 151 contaminated non‐vesicular proteins. Moreover, the protein interaction network analyses showed that candidate real‐vesicular proteins are mainly derived from plasma membrane (46.8%), cytosol (36.6%), cytoskeleton (8.0%) and extracellular region (2.5%). On the other hand, most of the contaminated non‐vesicular proteins derived from nucleus, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In addition, ribosomal protein complexes and T‐complex proteins were classified as the contaminated non‐vesicular proteins. Taken together, our trypsin‐digested proteomic approach on EVs is an important advance to identify the real‐vesicular proteins that could help to understand EV biogenesis and protein cargo‐sorting mechanism during EV release, to identify more reliable EV diagnostic marker proteins, and to decode pathophysiological roles of EVs.
On the modelling of tropical tree growth: the importance of intra-specific trait variation, non-linear functions and phenotypic integration
Authors: Yang Jie , Song Xiaoyang , Cao Min , Deng Xiaobao , Zhang Wenfu , Yang Xiaofei , Swenson Nathan G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
The composition and dynamics of plant communities arise from individual-level demographic outcomes, which are driven by interactions between phenotypes and the environment. Functional traits that can be measured across plants are frequently used to model plant growth and survival. Perhaps surprisingly, species average trait values are often used in these studies and, in some cases, these trait values come from other regions or averages calculated from global databases. This data aggregation potentially results in a large loss of valuable information that probably results in models of plant performance that are weak or even misleading.

Methods
We present individual-level trait and fine-scale growth data from &gt;500 co-occurring individual trees from 20 species in a Chinese tropical rain forest. We construct Bayesian models of growth informed by theory and construct hierarchical Bayesian models that utilize both individual- and species-level trait data, and compare these models with models only using individual-level data.

Key Results
We show that trait–growth relationships measured at the individual level vary across species, are often weak using commonly measured traits and do not align with the results of analyses conducted at the species level. However, when we construct individual-level models of growth using leaf area ratio approximations and integrated phenotypes, we generated strong predictive models of tree growth.

Conclusions
Here, we have shown that individual-level models of tree growth that are built using integrative traits always outperform individual-level models of tree growth that use commonly measured traits. Furthermore, individual-level models, generally, do not support the findings of trait–growth relationships quantified at the species level. This indicates that aggregating trait and growth data to the species level results in poorer and probably misleading models of how traits are related to tree performance.
Death Due to Fractal Wood Burning: An Emerging Public Health Problem
Authors: Campbell Harold , Nizamani Rabia , Jones Samuel W , Williams Felicia N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The art of pyrography, burning designs in wood, dates back to prehistory. Risks of traditional techniques included cutaneous burns and airway injury. Fractal wood burning is a niche technique using a high-voltage electrical source to burn branched designs into wood. While this technique has grown in popularity, the associated risks are not well understood. We describe a patient who presented to our burn center after sustaining high-voltage electrical injuries while making fractal wood art using an improvised a high-voltage transformer. During the wood-burning process, he contacted the electrodes and suffered full-thickness electrical burns to the neck, chest, and bilateral upper extremities. Bilateral upper extremity fasciotomies were performed on admission. Multiple subsequent operations culminated with autografting to most of the wounds and complex reconstruction of the left thumb. In evaluating online news reports, we found 25 unique individuals with death or injury attributed to fractal wood burning from July 2016 to January 2020. Five sustained substantial injuries, while 20 reportedly died. Ages ranged from 17 years old to the 60s. One death and one injury occurred in females, with the remainder of reports involving males. Of the survivors, four sustained significant upper extremity electrical injuries and three suffered cardiac arrest at the time of injury. Fractal wood burning is associated with devastating high-voltage electrical injuries and death. Prevention efforts should be focused on education about the potential for death and permanently disabling injuries from this art form.
Revision of the West African species of Scyllarus Fabricius, 1775 (Decapoda: Achelata: Scyllaridae), with the description of three phyllosoma stages of S. caparti Holthuis, 1952 and an updated identification key
Authors: Genis-Armero Rebeca , González-Gordillo J Ignacio , Cuesta Jose A , Capaccioni-Azzati Romana , Palero Ferran 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWest African species of ScyllarusFabricius, 1775 (Achelata, Scyllaridae) are poorly known, mostly due to the difficulties of sampling Eastern Atlantic tropical waters. Recent expeditions carried out by the Universidad de Cádiz and the Instituto Español de Oceanografía collected phyllosoma larvae from Cape Verde Islands (CVI) and fresh Scyllarus adults from continental West Africa. Larval stages VII, IX, and X (final stage) of S. capartiHolthuis, 1952 are analyzed using DNA barcoding methods and described for the first time. A comprehensive identification key is provided, summarizing our current knowledge on the phyllosomas of Scyllarus. Together with a revision of museum collections, the new molecular and morphological data obtained here supports the polyphyletic origin of AcantharctusHolthuis, 2002. The West African A. posteli (Forest, 1963) is found to belong to Scyllarus and it is closest to another species from Atlantic shallow waters (i.e. S. paradoxusMiers 1881), whereas the Pacific Ocean A. delfini (Bouvier, 1909) would belong to CrenarctusHolthuis, 2002.
Particle acceleration in low-power hotspots: modelling the broad-band spectral energy distribution
Authors: Migliori G , Orienti M , Coccato L , Brunetti G , D’Ammando F , Mack K-H , Prieto M A 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The acceleration and radiative processes active in low-power radio hotspots are investigated by means of new deep near-infrared (NIR) and optical Very Large Telescope (VLT) observations, complemented with archival, high-sensitivity VLT, radio Very Large Array (VLA), and X-ray Chandra data. For the three studied radio galaxies (3C 105, 3C 195, and 3C 227), we confirm the detection of NIR/optical counterparts of the observed radio hotspots. We resolve multiple components in 3C 227 West and in 3C 105 South and characterize the diffuse NIR/optical emission of the latter. We show that the linear size of this component (≳4 kpc) makes 3C 105 South a compelling case for particles’ re-acceleration in the post-shock region. Modelling of the radio-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) of 3C 195 South and 3C 227 W1 gives clues on the origin of the detected X-ray emission. In the context of inverse Compton models, the peculiarly steep synchrotron curve of 3C 195 South sets constraints on the shape of the radiating particles’ spectrum that are testable with better knowledge of the SED shape at low (≲GHz) radio frequencies and in X-rays. The X-ray emission of 3C 227 W1 can be explained with an additional synchrotron component originating in compact (&lt;100 pc) regions, such those revealed by radio observations at 22 GHz, provided that efficient particle acceleration (γ ≳ 107) is ongoing. The emerging picture is that of systems in which different acceleration and radiative processes co-exist.