bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization and in-silico analysis of Momordica charantia 7S globulin for stability and ACE inhibition
Authors: Kesari Pooja , Pratap Shivendra , Dhankhar Poonam , Dalal Vikram , Mishra Manisha , Singh Pradyumna Kumar , Chauhan Harsh , Kumar Pravindra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMomordica charantia (Mc) seeds are widely used edible crop with high nutritional quality. The food and pharmaceutical industries use it as a natural anti-oxygenic agent. Herein, a ~52 kDa protein, which is a major part of seed proteome has been purified, biochemically characterized and structure has been determined. MALDI-ESI-MS identified peptide fragments and contig-deduced sequence suggested the protein to be homologous to 7S globulins. The crystal structure shows that protein has a bicupin fold similar to 7S globulins and the electron density for a copper and acetate ligand were observed in the C-terminal barrel domain. In silico study reveals that a tripeptide (VFK) from Mc7S possess a higher binding affinity for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) than already reported drug Lisinopril (LPR). The protein is a glycoprotein and highly stable under varying thermal and pH conditions due to its secondary structures. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay showed the protein to have an anti-oxygenic nature and can aid in scavenging free radical from sample. The protein can assist to enhance the nutritional and functional value of food by acting as a food antioxidant. Further, characterization of Mc7S required which might add in importance of Mc7S as antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive.
Sulfate-mediated Drought Tolerance in Maize Involves Regulation at Physiological and Biochemical Levels
Authors: Usmani Muhammad Munir , Nawaz Fahim , Majeed Sadia , Shehzad Muhammad Asif , Ahmad Khawaja Shafique , Akhtar Gulzar , Aqib Muhammad , Shabbir Rana Nauman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRestriction in nutrient acquisition is one of the primary causes for reduced growth and yield in water deficient soils. Sulfur (S) is an important secondary macronutrient that interacts with several stress metabolites to improve performance of food crops under various environmental stresses including drought. Increased S supply influences uptake and distribution of essential nutrients to confer nutritional homeostasis in plants exposed to limited water conditions. The regulation of S metabolism in plants, resulting in synthesis of numerous S-containing compounds, is crucial to the acclimation response to drought stress. Two different experiments were laid out in semi-controlled conditions to investigate the effects of different S sources on physiological and biochemical mechanisms of maize (Zea mays L. cv. P1574). Initially, the rate of S application in maize was optimized in terms of improved biomass and nutrient uptake. The maize seedlings were grown in sandy loam soil fertigated with various doses (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha−1) of different S fertilizers viz. K2SO4, FeSO4, CuSO4 and Na2SO4. The optimized S dose of each fertilizer was later tested in second experiment to determine its role in improving drought tolerance of maize plants. A marked effect of S fertilization was observed on biomass accumulation and nutrients uptake in maize. In addition, the optimized doses significantly increased the gas exchange characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes to improve yield of maize. Among various S sources, application of K2SO4 resulted in maximum photosynthetic rate (43%), stomatal conductance (98%), transpiration rate (61%) and sub-stomatal conductance (127%) compared to no S supply. Moreover, it also increased catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities by 55, 87 and 65%, respectively that ultimately improved maize yield by 33% with respect to control under water deficit conditions. These results highlight the importance of S fertilizers that would likely be helpful for farmers to get better yield in water deficient soils.
Specialized structures on the border between rhizocephalan parasites and their host’s nervous system reveal potential sites for host-parasite interactions
Authors: Miroliubov A. , Borisenko I. , Nesterenko M. , Lianguzova A. , Ilyutkin S. , Lapshin N. , Dobrovolskij A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRhizocephalan barnacles are a unique group of endoparasitic crustaceans. In their extreme adaptation to endoparasitism, rhizocephalan adults have lost almost all features of their free-living relatives but acquired an outstanding degree of control over the body of their hosts (mostly decapods). The subtle influence exercised by rhizocephalans on the physiology, morphology and behaviour of their hosts is a vivid example of the most intimate host-parasite interactions but their mechanisms are very poorly known. In this study we examined the morphology and the adaptive ultrastructure of the organs invading the nervous system of the host in two rhizocephalan species from the families Peltogastridae, (Peltogaster paguri) and Peltogasterellidae (Peltogasterella gracilis). We found two essentially different types of structures involved in interactions of these two rhizocephalans with the nervous system of their hosts: modified rhizocephalan rootlets lying inside the ganglia and the neural fibres of the host enlacing the trophic rootlets of the parasites. We suggest that both these structures may be highly specialized tools allowing the parasite to interact with the host on the humoral level via neuromediators, hormones, attractants and trophic factors.
Characteristics of Patients Referred To A Specialized Headache Clinic
Authors: Fejes Eva , Feher Gergely , Gurdan Zsuzsanna , Gombos Katalin , Koltai Katalin , Pusch Gabriella , Tibold Antal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeadache is a common problem with great effect both on the individual and on the society. Recent studies raised the possibility of increasing rate of specialty referrals, inappropiate treatment and advanced imaging for simple headache. The aim of our study was to analyze the characteritics of patients (including duration of symptoms, headache type, brain imaging, treatment) referred to our specialized headache clinic between 01/01/2014 and 01/01/2015 by their general practitioners and primary care neurologists due to chronic/treatment-resistant headache syndromes. 202 patients (mean age 53.6 ± 17.6 years) were evaluated in our clinic (102 females, mean age 50.14 ± 16.11 years and 100 males, mean age 57 ± 18.1 years). Migraine (84/202) and tension-type (76/202) were the most common syndromes. 202 plain brain CT, 60 contrast-enhanced CT and 128 MRI were carried out by their general practitioners or other healthcare professioners including neurologists before referral to our headache centre. Despite of extensive brain imaging appropiate treatment was started less than 1/3 of all patients and significant proportion received benzodiazepines or opioid therapy. Furthermore, more than 10% of referred patients presented with secondary headache including one meningitis. The management of headache is still a challenge for primary care physicians leading to medical overuse. Vast majority of our patients should not be referred to our specialized headache clinic as they had uncomplicated headache or other underlying conditions than pain.
Critical Depressed Brain Volume Influences the Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma after Surgical Evacuation
Authors: Jang Kyoung Min , Choi Hyun Ho , Mun Hah Yong , Nam Taek Kyun , Park Yong Sook , Kwon Jeong Taik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecurrence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) frequently occurs after surgical evacuation. However, the value of follow-up postoperative imaging and measuring volumetric factors to predict recurrence are still controversial. Herein, we aimed to assess the optimal timing for follow-up referential imaging and the critical depressed brain volume for CSDH recurrence. A total of 291 patients with CSDH who underwent burr hole craniotomy between January 2012 and December 2018 were consecutively enrolled in this study. Patients’ medical records and radiologic data were evaluated to predict the recurrence and analyzed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and binary logistic regression. Of the 291 patients, 29 (10.0%) showed recurrence after surgical evacuation. Based on ROC analysis, comparisons of depressed brain volume pre-operation, 24 h post-operation, and 7 days post-operation showed that the depressed brain volume at 7 days after surgery featured the largest area under the curve (AUC: 0.768, 95% CI, 0.709–0.811). The cut-off value of the depressed brain volume on postoperative day 7 was 51.6 cm3; this value predicted the recurrence of CSDH with a sensitivity and specificity of 79.3% and 67.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the depressed brain volume (>50 cm3) at 7 days was the sole significant risk factor related to the recurrence of CSDH in this series (OR: 6.765, 95% CI, 2.551–17.942, p < 0.001). The depressed brain volume > 50 cm3 visualized on CT scans at postoperative 7 day is the critical volume affecting recurrence of CSDHs. This result could be helpful carrying in patients with CSDH to determine the proper postoperative treatment strategy.
Zinc phthalocyanines as light harvesters for SnO2-based solar cells: a case study
Authors: Milan Riccardo , Singh Selopal Gurpreet , Cavazzini Marco , Orlandi Simonetta , Boaretto Rita , Caramori Stefano , Concina Isabella , Pozzi Gianluca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized and used as electron transport material (ETM) in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), featuring two peripherally substituted push-pull zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) bearing electron donating diphenylamine substituents and carboxylic acid anchoring groups as light harvesters. These complexes were designed on the base of previous computational studies suggesting that the integration of secondary amines as donor groups in the structure of unsymmetrical ZnPcs might enhance photovoltaics performances of DSSCs. In the case of TiO2-based devices, this hypothesis has been recently questioned by experimental results. Herein we show that the same holds for SnO2, despite the optimal matching of the optoelectronic characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles and diphenylamino-substituted ZnPcs, thus confirming that other parameters heavily affect the solar cells performances and should be carefully taken into account when designing materials for photovoltaic applications.
Superadiabatic demixing in nonequilibrium colloids
Authors: Geigenfeind Thomas , de las Heras Daniel , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDispersed colloidal particles that are set into systematic motion by a controlled external field constitute excellent model systems for studying structure formation far from equilibrium. Here we identify a unique demixing force that arises from repulsive interparticle interactions in driven binary colloids. The corresponding demixing force density is resolved in space and in time and it counteracts diffusive currents which arise due to gradients of the local mixing entropy. We construct a power functional approximation for overdamped Brownian dynamics that describes superadiabatic demixing as an antagonist to adiabatic mixing as originates from the free energy. We apply the theory to colloidal lane formation. The theoretical results are in excellent agreement with our Brownian dynamics computer simulation results for adiabatic, structural, drag and viscous forces. Superadiabatic demixing allows to rationalize the emergence of mixed, laned and jammed states in the system.
Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles to identify key genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jin Yu , Qin Xing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
DNA methylation has been demonstrated to play significant roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, methylation microarray dataset (GSE87053) and gene expression microarray dataset (GSE23558) were downloaded from GEO database and analyzed through R language. A total of 255 hypermethylated-downregulated genes and 114 hypomethylated-upregulated genes were finally identified. Functional enrichment analyses were performed and a comprehensive protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Subsequently, the top ten hub genes selected by Cytoscape software were subjected to further analyses. It was illustrated that the expression level of CSF2, CTLA4, ETS1, PIK3CD, and CFTR was intimately associated with HNSCC. Survival analysis suggested that CTLA4 and FGFR2 could serve as effective independent prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC patients. Overall, our study lay a groundwork for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms in HNSCC carcinogenesis, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HNSCC.
Family of modular, extendable and high gain dc–dc converter with switched inductor and switched capacitor cells
Authors: Tewari Nilanjan , Thazhathu Sreedevi Vellithiruthi 
Published: January 2020

This study presents a family of novel high gain non‐isolated hybrid dc–dc converter for dc micro grid application. The proposed family of the converter is developed by employing both inductor‐capacitor‐inductor (LCL) based switched inductor (SI) and switched capacitor (SC) technique to achieve high voltage gain. Appropriate increase in the number of LCL‐based SI cells in the power circuits in order to achieve ultra‐high voltage gain allows formulating a generalised structure of the circuit. Incorporation of SI & SC techniques and the structure of the circuit with one stage power transfer ensure high voltage gain at low voltage stress across the switches and diodes. The study includes the principle of operation, steady‐state analysis and performance analysis in detail for the converters. Experimental results from the developed hardware prototype of 380 V/250 W validate the adopted concept, design and exemplify that the proposed family of converter operates at a full load efficiency of 94%.
Reizdarm
Authors: Trebin Ernst 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungUnter einem Reizdarmsyndrom versteht man rein funktionelle Störungen des Magen-Darm-Traktes nach Ausschluss entzündlicher oder morphologischer Veränderungen. Der Übergang zu tieferen Pathologien ist aber fließend, die anzuwendenden homöopathischen Arzneien gleichen sich. Ein psychischer Stressfaktor spielt im Allgemeinen eine wichtige Rolle. Bei singulären Ereignissen bieten sich vor allem Arzneien pflanzlichen Ursprungs an, bei chronischer Erkrankungsneigung eher mineralischer Herkunft. Angststörungen haben große Bedeutung bei dem Krankheitsbild.
Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota Following Changes in Training
Volume Among Swimmers
Authors: Hampton-Marcell Jarrad Timothy , Eshoo Tifani W. , Cook Marc D. , Gilbert Jack A. , Horswill Craig A. , Poretsky Rachel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExercise can influence gut microbial community structure and diversity; however,
the temporal dynamics of this association have rarely been explored. Here we
characterized fecal microbiota in response to short term changes in training
volume. Fecal samples, body composition, and training logs were collected from
Division I NCAA collegiate swimmers during peak training through their in-season
taper in 2016 (n=9) and 2017 (n=7), capturing a systematic
reduction in training volume near the conclusion of their athletic season. Fecal
microbiota were characterized using 16S rRNA V4 amplicon sequencing and
multivariate statistical analysis, Spearman rank correlations, and random forest
models. Peak training volume, measured as swimming distance, decreased
significantly during the study period from
32.6±4.8 km/wk to 11.3±8.1 km/wk
(ANOVA, p<0.05); however, body composition showed no significant
changes. Coinciding with the decrease in training volume, the microbial
community structure showed a significant decrease in overall microbial
diversity, a decrease in microbial community structural similarity, and a
decrease in the proportion of the bacterial genera Faecalibacterium and
Coprococcus. Together these data demonstrate a significant
association between short-term changes in training volume and microbial
composition and structure in the gut; future research will establish whether
these changes are associated with energy balance or nutrient intake.
Die Asiatische Tigermücke (Aedes albopictus) als Herausforderung für den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst – Exemplarische Darstellung eines situationsadaptierten Risikomanagements auf lokaler Ebene
Authors: Stich Heribert , Just Frank , Bothe Kai , Wicklein Bernd 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Exemplarischer Fallbericht zum Risikomanagement einer infektionsepidemiologischen Bedrohungslage auf Stadtebene am Beispiel der Asiatischen Tigermücke (AT) mit Vermittlung von Erfahrungswerten an Akteure innerhalb des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD).
Methodik Formale und inhaltliche Darstellung eines Maßnahmenkataloges definierter Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen nebst ortsspezifischer Modifikation und Bewertung der Effektivität.
Ergebnisse Basierend auf einer zeitnahen Aufklärungsarbeit konnte die Etablierung einer erstmals im Herbst 2016 beobachteten Population der AT auf lokaler Ebene verhindert werden. Unter begünstigenden niedrigen Außentemperaturen während der Wintermonate 2016/2017 kamen primär physikalische Bekämpfungsmethoden zum Einsatz. Im Frühjahr 2017 konnten unter Verwendung von insgesamt 4 Monitoring-Einheiten mit jeweils einer Einsaugfalle und 3 Passivfallen keine AT mehr nachgewiesen werden. Auch in der Folgezeit bis einschließlich Frühjahr 2019 wurden keine invasiven Mückenspezies mehr auf dem ursprünglich betroffenen Friedhof, in angrenzenden Wohngebieten und Freizeitanlagen vorgefunden. In der Gesamtsicht konnte unter Zusammenarbeit von externen Experten und Akteuren des ÖGD auf individualmedizinischer Ebene einer insektenassoziierten Infektion der ortsständigen Bevölkerung vorgebeugt werden, wobei sich ein sukzessives Vorgehen nach definierten Kriterien bei der Insektenbekämpfung als effektiv und effizient erwies.
Schlussfolgerung Das Auftreten der AT stellt ein primär lokales Geschehen dar, das einer differenzierten Abwägung zwischen einem konkreten und einem abstrakten Gefahrenpotenzial durch die regionalen Gesundheitsbehörden bedarf. Neben objektiver und zeitnaher Aufklärung der betroffenen Bevölkerung als vertrauensbildende Maßnahme sind physikalische Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen im Sinne von Barriere-Maßnahmen effektiv, auch wenn chemische und biologische Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen im Bedarfsfalle ergänzend zum Einsatz kommen können.
Development of a Divergent Route to Erythrina Alkaloids
Authors: Kristensen Jesper L. , Clementson Sebastian , Jessing Mikkel , Vital Paulo J. 
Published: January 2020

Erythrina alkaloids were identified at the end of the 19th century and today, more than 100 members of the erythrinane family have been isolated. They are characterized by a unique tetracyclic, α-tertiary spiroamine scaffold. Herein we detail our efforts towards the development of a divergent enantioselective synthesis of (+)-dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE) – one of the most prominent members of this intriguing family of natural products.1	Introduction2	Synthetic Strategy2.1	First Generation2.2	Second Generation2.3	Third Generation2.3.1	Radical Endgame2.3.2	Completion of the Total Synthesis3	Conclusion
DLK1, Notch Signaling and the Timing of Puberty
Authors: Macedo Delanie B. , Kaiser Ursula B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe factors that trigger human puberty are among the central mysteries of reproductive biology. Several approaches, including mutational analysis of candidate genes, large-scale genome-wide association studies, whole exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing have been performed in attempts to identify novel genetic factors that modulate the human hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis to result in premature sexual development. Genetic abnormalities involving excitatory and inhibitory pathways regulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion, represented by the kisspeptin (KISS1 and KISS1R) and makorin ring finger 3 (MKRN3) systems, respectively, have been associated with sporadic and familial cases of central precocious puberty (CPP). More recently, paternally inherited genetic defects of DLK1 were identified in four families with nonsyndromic CPP and a metabolic phenotype. DLK1 encodes a transmembrane protein that is important for adipose tissue homeostasis and neurogenesis and is located in the imprinted chromosome 14q32 region associated with Temple syndrome. In this review, we highlight the clinical and genetic features of patients with CPP caused by DLK1 mutations and explore the involvement of Notch signaling and DLK1 in the control of pubertal onset.
Subhepatic caecum and appendix - a rare variant in an adult male cadaver
Authors: Savithri P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn unusual cases of malrotation or incomplete rotation of caecum , the appendix is not located in the lower right quadrant. When the caecum is high [subhepatic caecum] the appendix is located in the right hypochondriac region and the pain in these cases is located there, not in the lower right quadrant. In this position , the symptoms and signs of acute appendicitis may mimic acute cholecystitis, diagnosis in such cases is a great diagnostic challenge. The author observed this less frequent anomaly in a middle aged male cadaver. After opening the abdomen while tracing peritoneal reflections abnormality was identified. The caecum and appendix were present in relation with inferior surface of liver. Embryologically, the caecal swelling appears as a small conical dilation of the caudal limb of primitive intestinal loop and it is the last part of the gut to reenter the abdominal cavity. It is temporarily located in the right upper quadrant directly below the right lobe of liver. From here it descends into the right iliac fossa. The failure to descend leads to subhepatic caecum.
Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy via an Eyebrow Incision: Management of the Opened Frontal Sinus
Authors: Peters David R. , Payne Caitlin , Wait Scott D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The eyebrow orbitozygomatic craniotomy is a minimally invasive approach that can access a wide variety of lesions. Unintentional breach of the frontal sinus frequently occurs and has been cited as a reason to avoid this approach. Lack of access to a large pericranial graft and the inability to completely cranialize the sinus requires alternate techniques of sinus repair. We describe a technique for repairing an opened frontal sinus and retrospectively reviewed complications related to this approach.
Methods All patients, who underwent an orbitozygomatic craniotomy via an eyebrow incision by a single surgeon from August 1, 2012 to August 31, 2018, were included in this retrospective analysis. Data were collected on patient demographics, pathology treated, operative details, and perioperative morbidity. Follow-up ranged from 6 weeks to 6 years.
Results Total 50 patients with a wide variety of pathologies underwent analysis. Frontal sinus breach occurred in 21 patients. All were repaired by the described technique. One patient (ruptured aneurysm) had a suspected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak postoperatively that resolved without any additional intervention. One patient developed a pneumomeningocele 4 years postoperatively that required reoperation. No patient suffered any infection or delayed CSF leak.
Conclusion Breach of the frontal sinus is common during eyebrow craniotomies. Despite reduced options for local repair, these patients have experienced no CSF leaks requiring intervention and no infections in our series. Long-term mucocele risk is not reliably determined with our length of follow-up. Breach of the frontal sinus is not a contraindication to the eyebrow approach.