bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet partially mediates socioeconomic differences in leukocyte LINE-1 methylation: evidence from a cross-sectional study in Italian women
Authors: Maugeri Andrea , Barchitta Martina , Magnano San Lio Roberta , Favara Giuliana , La Rosa Maria Clara , La Mastra Claudia , Basile Guido , Agodi Antonella 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough previous research demonstrated that socioeconomic status (SES) might affect DNA methylation, social inequalities alone do not completely explain this relationship. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 349 women (Catania, Italy) to investigate whether behaviors might mediate the association between SES and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) methylation, a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation. Educational level, used as an indicator of SES, and data on behaviors (i.e. diet, smoking habits, physical activity, and weight status) were collected using structured questionnaires. Adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Leukocyte LINE-1 methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Mediation analysis was conducted using the procedure described by Preacher and Hayes. Women with high educational level exhibited higher MDS (β = 0.669; 95%CI 0.173–1.165; p < 0.01) and LINE-1 methylation level (β = 0.033; 95%CI 0.022–0.043; p < 0.001) than their less educated counterpart. In line with this, mediation analysis demonstrated a significant indirect effect of high educational level on LINE-1 methylation through the adherence to MD (β = 0.003; 95%CI 0.001–0.006). Specifically, the mediator could account for 9.5% of the total effect. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the mediating effect of diet in the relationship between SES and DNA methylation. Although these findings should be confirmed by prospective research, they add value to the promotion of healthy dietary habits in social disadvantaged people.
Modulation of hepatitis B virus infection by epidermal growth factor secreted from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Chen Shin-Wei , Himeno Misao , Koui Yuta , Sugiyama Masaya , Nishitsuji Hironori , Mizokami Masashi , Shimotohno Kunitada , Miyajima Atsushi , Kido Taketomo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHepatocytes derived from human iPSCs are useful to study hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, however infection efficiency is rather poor. In order to improve the efficiency of HBV infection to iPSC-derived hepatocytes, we set a co-culture of hepatocytes with liver non-parenchymal cells and found that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) enhanced HBV infection by secreting epidermal growth factor (EGF). While EGF receptor (EGFR) is known as a co-receptor for HBV, we found that EGF enhanced HBV infection at a low dose of EGF, whereas EGF at a high dose suppressed HBV infection. EGFR is internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) pathways depending on the dose of EGF. At a high dose of EGF, the endocytosed EGFR via CIE is degraded in the lysosome. This study is the first to provide evidence that HBV is endocytosed via CME and CIE pathways at a low and high dose of EGF, respectively. In conclusion, we developed an in vitro system of HBV infection using iPSC-derived liver cells, and show that EGF secreted from LSECs modulates HBV infection in a dose dependent manner.
A clinical prediction nomogram to assess risk of colorectal cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Feng Lu-Huai , Su Tingting , Bu Kun-Peng , Ren Shuang , Yang Zhenhua , Deng Cheng-En , Li Bi-Xun , Wei Wei-Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer remains a major health burden worldwide and is closely related to type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to develop and validate a colorectal cancer risk prediction model to identify high-risk individuals with type 2 diabetes. Records of 930 patients with type 2 diabetes were reviewed and data were collected from 1 November 2013 to 31 December 2019. Clinical and demographic parameters were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The nomogram to assess the risk of colorectal cancer was constructed and validated by bootstrap resampling. Predictors in the prediction nomogram included age, sex, other blood-glucose-lowering drugs and thiazolidinediones. The nomogram demonstrated moderate discrimination in estimating the risk of colorectal cancer, with Hosmer–Lemeshow test P = 0.837, an unadjusted C-index of 0.713 (95% CI 0.670–0.757) and a bootstrap-corrected C index of 0.708. In addition, the decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram would be clinically useful. We have developed a nomogram that can predict the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. The nomogram showed favorable calibration and discrimination values, which may help clinicians in making recommendations about colorectal cancer screening for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Nucleotide substitution rates of diatom plastid encoded protein genes are positively correlated with genome architecture
Authors: Ren Yan , Yu Mengjie , Low Wai Yee , Ruhlman Tracey A. , Hajrah Nahid H. , El Omri Abdelfatteh , Alghamdi Mohammad K. , Sabir Mumdooh J. , Alhebshi Alawiah M. , Kamli Majid R. , Sabir Jamal S. M. , Theriot Edward C. , Jansen Robert K. , Rather Irfan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiatoms are the largest group of heterokont algae with more than 100,000 species. As one of the single-celled photosynthetic organisms that inhabit marine, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, diatoms contribute ~ 45% of global primary production. Despite their ubiquity and environmental significance, very few diatom plastid genomes (plastomes) have been sequenced and studied. This study explored patterns of nucleotide substitution rates of diatom plastids across the entire suite of plastome protein-coding genes for 40 taxa representing the major clades. The highest substitution rate was lineage-specific within the araphid 2 taxon Astrosyne radiata and radial 2 taxon Proboscia sp. Rate heterogeneity was also evident in different functional classes and individual genes. Similar to land plants, proteins genes involved in photosynthetic metabolism have lower synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions rates than those involved in transcription and translation. Significant positive correlations were identified between substitution rates and measures of genomic rearrangements, including indels and inversions, which is a similar result to what was found in legume plants. This work advances the understanding of the molecular evolution of diatom plastomes and provides a foundation for future studies.
Cytotoxic effects of dental prosthesis grinding dust on RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Tianshu , Luo Xue , Zhang Ke , Cao Nanjue , Liu Keda , Li Xiaoming , Zhu Yuhe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRespiratory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, silicosis, and allergic pneumonia, can be caused by long-term exposure to dental prosthesis grinding dust. The extent of the toxicity and pathogenicity of exposure to PMMA dust, Vitallium dust, and dentin porcelain dust differs. The dust from grinding dental prosthesis made of these three materials was characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, and elemental composition. The adverse effects of different concentrations of grinding dust (50, 150, 300, 450, and 600 μg ml−l) on RAW264.7 macrophages were evaluated, including changes in cell morphology and the production of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The dust particles released by grinding dental prosthesis made of these materials had different morphologies, particle sizes, and elemental compositions. They also induced varying degrees of cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages. A possible cytotoxicity mechanism is the induction of lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane damage as the dust particles penetrate cells. Therefore, clinicians who regularly work with these materials should wear the appropriate personal protection equipment to minimize exposure and reduce the health risks caused by these particulates.
Time-stretch infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kawai Akira , Hashimoto Kazuki , Dougakiuchi Tatsuo , Badarla Venkata Ramaiah , Imamura Takayuki , Edamura Tadataka , Ideguchi Takuro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImproving the spectral acquisition rate of broadband mid-infrared spectroscopy promises further advancements of molecular science and technology. Unlike pump-probe spectroscopy, which requires repeated measurements with different pump-probe delays, continuous spectroscopy running at a high spectral acquisition rate enables transient measurements of fast non-repeating phenomena or statistical analysis of a large amount of spectral data. Recently, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers with rapid delay scan mechanisms including dual-comb spectrometers have significantly improved the measurement rate up to ~1 MSpectra s−1 that is fundamentally limited by the signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we overcome the limit and demonstrate the fastest continuous broadband mid-infrared spectrometer running at 80 MSpectra s−1 by implementing a wavelength-swept time-stretch spectroscopy technique. Our proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates broadband absorption spectroscopy of phenylacetylene from 4.4 to 4.9 μm (2040–2270 cm−1) at a resolution of 15 nm (7.7 cm−1) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 85 without averaging and a shot-to-shot fluctuation of 1.3%.
Overexpression of microRNA-205-5p exerts suppressive effects on stem cell drug resistance in gallbladder cancer by down-regulating PRKCE
Authors: Zhang Guo-Feng , Wu Jia-Cheng , Wang Hong-Yong , Jiang Wei-Dong , Qiu Ling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSome microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) have been reported to function as tumor suppressors in gallbladder cancer (GBC). However, the specific effect of miR-205-5p on GBC remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to unravel the effects of miR-205-5p on the drug resistance in GBC. For this purpose, the expression of miR-205-5p and protein kinase C ϵ (PRKCE) was quantified in the peripheral blood sample harvested from GBC patients and healthy volunteers. Then the relationship between miR-205-5p and PRKCE was validated. After isolating the GBC stem cells, ectopic expression and depletion experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of miR-205-5p and PRKCE on cell proliferation, drug resistance, apoptosis, and colony formation rate as well as the expression of apoptotic factors (Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and cleaved caspase 3). Finally, the mouse xenograft model of GBC was established to verify the function of miR-205-5p in vivo. Intriguingly, our results manifested that miR-205-5p was down-regulated, while PRKCE was up-regulated in peripheral blood samples and stem cells of patients with GBC. Moreover, miR-205-5p targeted PRKCE and negatively regulated its expression. The overexpression of miR-205-5p or silencing of PRKCE inhibited the drug resistance, proliferation, and colony formation rate while promoting apoptosis of GBC stem cells. Additionally, the overexpression of miR-205-5p attenuated drug resistance to gemcitabine but promoted the gemcitabine-induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting the PRKCE in vivo. Overall, an intimate correlation between miR-205-5p and PRKCE is a key determinant of drug resistance of GBC stem cells, thus, suggesting a novel miR-205-5p-based clinical intervention target for GBC patients.
VLTI/PIONIER reveals the close environment of the evolved system HD 101584
Authors: Kluska J. , Olofsson H. , Van Winckel H. , Khouri T. , Wittkowski M. , de Wit W. J. , Humphreys E. M. L. , Lindqvist M. , Maercker M. , Ramstedt S. , Tafoya D. , Vlemmings W. H. T. 
Published: September 2020

Context. The observed orbital characteristics of post-asymptotic giant branch and post-red giant branch (post-RGB) binaries are not understood. We suspect that the missing ingredients needed to explain them probably lie in the continuous interaction of the central binary with its circumstellar environment.
Aims. We aim at studying the circumbinary material in these complex systems by investigating the connection between the innermost structures and large-scale structures.
Methods. We perform high-angular resolution observations of HD 101584 in the near-infrared continuum. HD 101584 has a complex structure as seen at millimeter wavelengths, with a disk-like morphology and a bipolar outflow due to an episode of a strong binary interaction. To account for the complexity of the target, we first perform an image reconstruction and use this result to fit a geometrical model to extract the morphological and thermal features of the environment.
Results. The image reveals an unexpected double ring structure. We interpret the inner ring as having been produced by emission from dust located in the plane of the disk, and the outer ring having been produced by emission from dust that is located 1.6 [D/1kpc] au above the disk plane. The inner ring diameter (3.94 [D/1kpc] au) and temperature (T = 1540 ± 10 K) are compatible with the dust sublimation front of the disk. The origin of the out-of-plane ring (with a diameter of 7.39 [D/1kpc] au and a temperature of 1014 ± 10 K) could be episodic ejection or a dust condensation front in the outflow.
Conclusions. The observed outer ring is possibly linked with the blue-shifted side of the large-scale outflow seen by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and may trace its launching location to the central star. Such observations place morphological constraints on the ejection mechanism. Additional observations are needed to constrain the origin of the out-of-plane structure.
Distance and mass of the M 104 (Sombrero) group
Authors: Karachentsev Igor D. , Makarova Lidia N. , Brent Tully R. , Anand Gagandeep S. , Rizzi Luca , Shaya Edward J. 
Published: September 2020

Aims. Distances and radial velocities of galaxies in the vicinity of the luminous early-type galaxy M 104 (Sombrero) are used to derive its dark matter mass.
Methods. Two dwarf galaxies: UGCA 307 and KKSG 30 situated near M 104 were observed with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. The distances 9.03−0.51+0.84 Mpc (UGCA 307) and 9.72−0.41+0.44 Mpc (KKSG 30) were determined using the tip of the red giant branch method. These distances are consistent with the dwarf galaxies being satellites of Sombrero.
Results. Using radial velocities and projected separations of UGCA 307, KKSG 30, and a third galaxy with an accurate distance (KKSG 29), as well as 12 other assumed companions with less accurate distances, the total mass of M 104 is estimated to be (1.55 ± 0.49) × 1013 M⊙. At the K-band luminosity of the Sombrero galaxy of 2.4 × 1011 L⊙, its total mass-to-luminosity ratio is MT/LK = (65 ± 20) M⊙/L⊙, which is about three times higher than that of luminous bulgeless galaxies.
Use of over-the-scope clips in the colon in clinical practice: results from a German administrative database
Authors: Horenkamp-Sonntag Dirk , Liebentraut Judith , Engel Susanne , Skupnik Christoph , Albers David , Schumacher Brigitte , Koop Herbert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The efficacy and safety of over-the-scope (OTS) clips in the colon is limited. This study aimed to evaluate OTS clip use in the colon in routine colonoscopy.
Methods Using administrative data from a large health insurance company, patients with OTS clip placement during colonoscopy were identified and analyzed by specific administrative codes. Indication for OTS clipping was analyzed, and follow-up was evaluated for surgical and repeat endoscopic interventions.
Results In 505 patients, indications for OTS clips were iatrogenic perforations (n = 80; Group A), polypectomy (n = 315; Group B), colonic bleeding (n = 51; Group C), and various underlying diseases (n = 59; Group D). In 11 Group A patients (13.8 %), surgical interventions occurred, mostly within 24 hours after clipping (n = 9), predominantly overstitching (n = 8). OTS clipping during polypectomy (Group B) was for complications (e. g. bleeding in 27 %) or was applied prophylactically. Only five patients required early surgery, three of whom had colorectal cancer. In four Group C patients (7.8 %), surgical resections were performed (persistent bleeding n = 1, colorectal cancer n = 2), while six patients underwent early repeat colonoscopy for recurrent bleeding. During further follow-up (days 11–30), 17 patients underwent resection for colonic neoplasms (n = 12) or persistent bleeding (n = 4), but only one case could be directly traced back to local OTS clip complication.
Conclusion Colonic OTS clipping appears safe and effective in selected indications and complications in clinical routine but must be anatomically and technically feasible, avoiding overuse.
Rapid Growth of a Facet Joint Cyst Mimicking an Aggressive Tumor in the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Robins James M. W. , Selvanathan Senthil K. , Ismail Azzam , Derham Chris , Pal Deb 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 67-year-old patient with a history of fully treated bowel carcinoma presented with a short history of unilateral lumbosacral radiculopathy. No neurological deficit was found on examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated initially L4/5 foraminal narrowing that was believed to be the cause for the patient’s symptoms; however, a nerve root block led to no improvement in symptoms. MRI was repeated at 5 months and demonstrated a mass causing compression of the S1 nerve. However, the patient declined surgical decompression. MRI at 14 months subsequently showed rapid growth of the lesion suggestive of an aggressive process such as a metastatic lesion or even a nerve sheath tumor such as a Schwannoma. Open biopsy and decompression revealed the lesion to be a facet joint cyst and the patient recovered well and had satisfactory postoperative imaging at 3 months follow-up. There are no reports in the literature of facet joint cysts growing this quickly and thus mimicking other forms of lesion.
Human social preferences cluster and spread in the field
Authors: Ehlert Alexander , Kindschi Martin , Algesheimer René , Rauhut Heiko 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceHow does society maintain the high levels of prosociality in humans, which are so puzzling to explain? Previous laboratory evidence suggests that human social networks play a critical role; however, if and how this role is played out in field settings is not well understood. We demonstrate that intrinsic social preferences, such as fairness and altruism, cluster and spread in human real-world friendship networks. More importantly, however, our findings show that individuals do not choose friends based on cooperativeness—friendship networks influence whether individuals become cooperative or selfish. We conclude that social learning contributes substantially to the ontogeny of prosociality, signifying the role of culture for the development and maintenance of large-scale human cooperation.
The emergence of a functionally flexible brain during early infancy
Authors: Yin Weiyan , Li Tengfei , Hung Sheng-Che , Zhang Han , Wang Li , Shen Dinggang , Zhu Hongtu , Mucha Peter J. , Cohen Jessica R. , Lin Weili 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceWhile adult brains are known to be functionally flexible, the emergence of a functionally flexible brain during early infancy is largely uncharted due the lack of approaches to assess neural flexibility in infants. Using recent advances of multilayer network approaches and a cohort of typically developing children who underwent longitudinal MRI during the first 2 y of life, we investigated the developmental characteristics of brain neural flexibility. The temporal and spatial emergence of a functionally flexible brain was revealed. Brain regions with high neural flexibility appear consistent with the core regions supporting cognitive flexibility processing in adults, whereas brain regions governing basic brain functions exhibit lower neural flexibility, demonstrating the emergence of functionally flexible brain during early infancy.
CRL5-dependent regulation of the small GTPases ARL4C and ARF6 controls hippocampal morphogenesis
Authors: Han Jisoo S. , Hino Keiko , Li Wenzhe , Reyes Raenier V. , Canales Cesar P. , Miltner Adam M. , Haddadi Yasmin , Sun Junqing , Chen Chao-Yin , La Torre Anna , Simó Sergi 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceIn comparison to the neocortex, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to neuron migration, particularly pyramidal neuron migration, and localization in the hippocampus remain for the most part unknown. The present study characterizes the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL5 during hippocampal pyramidal neuron migration. CRL5 down-regulates the small GTPase ARL4C and its associated signaling effectors, in a posttranscriptional fashion, to localize pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. CRL5-dependent regulation of ARL4C signaling is also required for the formation of a single, apically oriented dendrite in pyramidal neurons and for its full outgrowth to the superficial strata of the hippocampus. Therefore, this study uncovers CRL5 and ARL4C signaling as crucial molecular determinants for hippocampal morphogenesis.
Stochastic reaction networks in dynamic compartment populations
Authors: Duso Lorenzo , Zechner Christoph 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Many biochemical processes in living systems take place in compartmentalized environments, where individual compartments can interact with each other and undergo dynamic remodeling. Studying such processes through mathematical models poses formidable challenges because the underlying dynamics involve a large number of states, which evolve stochastically with time. Here we propose a mathematical framework to study stochastic biochemical networks in compartmentalized environments. We develop a generic population model, which tracks individual compartments and their molecular composition. We then show how the time evolution of this system can be studied effectively through a small number of differential equations, which track the statistics of the population. Our approach is versatile and renders an important class of biological systems computationally accessible.
Restoration of fragmentary Babylonian texts using recurrent neural networks
Authors: Fetaya Ethan , Lifshitz Yonatan , Aaron Elad , Gordin Shai 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The documentary sources for the political, economic, and social history of ancient Mesopotamia constitute hundreds of thousands of clay tablets inscribed in the cuneiform script. Most tablets are damaged, leaving gaps in the texts written on them, and the missing portions must be restored by experts. This paper uses available digitized texts for training advanced machine-learning algorithms to restore daily economic and administrative documents from the Persian empire (sixth to fourth centuries BCE). As the amount of digitized texts grows, the model can be trained to restore damaged texts belonging to other genres, such as scientific or literary texts. Therefore, this is a first step for a large-scale reconstruction of a lost ancient heritage.