bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Peer Education Program to Improve Concussion Knowledge and Reporting in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Ernst William , Kneavel Meredith E. 
Published: April 2020

Context
A novel peer concussion-education program (PCEP) was developed to enhance concussion knowledge and reporting among collegiate student-athletes.

Objective
To describe the PCEP and its development and implementation.

Design
Program development consisting of a literature review, focus group, and pilot implementation.

Setting
Athletics department at a college participating at the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II-sanctioned competition level.

Patients or Other Participants
Fifteen student-athletes from the women's soccer and men's lacrosse teams participated in the focus group. Four peer concussion educators (PCEs) were debriefed after the pilot implementation of the PCEP with the women's soccer and men's lacrosse teams.

Data Collection and Analysis
Focus-group data were analyzed qualitatively. The PCEs were debriefed, and responses were organized into recommendation types.

Results
The literature review contributed information that supported the development of the PCEP's conceptual model. Focus-group results provided information used to train the PCEs and refine the PCEP's education modules. The pilot implementation and PCE debriefing supplied information used to further revise the education modules, PCE training, and PCEP implementation procedure.

Conclusions
The PCEP was developed based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior and uses a peer-mediated, cognitive-behavioral, and interdisciplinary model to enhance concussion knowledge of and reporting by collegiate student-athletes. After a focus-group discussion and pilot implementation, we revised the PCEP and its education modules and developed an online manual to facilitate broad dissemination.
O que Richard Feynman tem a nos ensinar sobre natureza da ciência?
Authors: Licio José Guilherme , Silva Cibelle Celestino 
Published: April 2020

Em 11 de maio de 2018, comemorou-se 100 anos do nascimento do físico estadunidense Richard Phillips Feynman, vencedor do Prêmio Nobel de Física em 1965. Além de suas contribuições na área científica, Feynman é conhecido por suas produções didáticas e de divulgação científica. Neste artigo, apoiados pela Análise Textual Discursiva e pela abordagem de Ciência Integral, fazemos uma análise crítica da palestra ministrada por Feynman quando recebeu o Prêmio Nobel, explicitando informações e conhecimentos que fomentam uma visão contextualizada e humanizada do físico e seu trabalho, bem como um afastamento da visão anedótica construída sobre o personagem. Pela análise depreendemos diversas questões que ilustram aspectos da natureza da ciência relevantes na educação científica, tais como a importância dos erros conceituais cometidos pelo cientista, questões que motivam cientistas, formas como um cientista de prestígio constrói uma versão particular de seu trabalho científico e posicionamentos polêmicos. A partir de estudos deste tipo, é possível promover visões mais críticas e bem informadas sobre a ciência tanto para professores, estudantes, cientistas e público leigo.
Surface flux estimates derived from UAS-based mole fraction measurements by means of a nocturnal boundary layer budget approach
Authors: Kunz Martin , Lavric Jost V. , Gasche Rainer , Gerbig Christoph , Grant Richard H. , Koch Frank-Thomas , Schumacher Marcus , Wolf Benjamin , Zeeman Matthias 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere has a large
influence on the Earth system and specifically on the climate. This
exchange is therefore being studied intensively, often using the eddy
covariance (EC) technique. EC measurements provide reliable results
under turbulent atmospheric conditions, but under calm and stable
conditions – as they often occur at night – these measurements
are known to misrepresent exchange fluxes. Nocturnal boundary layer
(NBL) budgets can provide independent flux estimates under stable
conditions, but their application so far has been limited by rather
high cost and practical difficulties. Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs)
equipped with trace gas analysers have the potential to make this
method more accessible. We present the methodology and results of
a proof-of-concept study carried out during the ScaleX 2016 campaign.
Successive vertical profiles of carbon dioxide dry-air mole fraction
in the NBL were taken with a compact analyser carried by a UAS. We
estimate an average carbon dioxide flux of 12 µmolm-2s-1,
which is plausible for nocturnal respiration in this region in summer.
Transport modelling suggests that the NBL budgets represent an area
on the order of 100 km2.
Influence of multidecadal variability on high and low flows: the case of the Seine basin
Authors: Bonnet Rémy , Boé Julien , Habets Florence 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The multidecadal hydroclimate variations of the Seine basin since the 1850s are investigated. Given the scarcity of long-term hydrological
observations, a hydrometeorological reconstruction is developed based on hydrological modeling and a method that combines the results of
a downscaled long-term atmospheric reanalysis and local observations of precipitation and temperature. This method improves previous attempts and
provides a realistic representation of daily and monthly river flows. This new hydrometeorological reconstruction, available over more than
150 years while maintaining fine spatial and temporal resolutions, provides a tool to improve our understanding of the multidecadal hydrological
variability in the Seine basin, as well as its influence on high and low flows. This long-term reconstruction allows analysis of the strong
multidecadal variations of the Seine river flows. The main hydrological mechanisms at the origin of these variations are highlighted. Spring
precipitation plays a central role by directly influencing not only the multidecadal variability in spring flows but also soil moisture and groundwater
recharge, which then regulate summer river flows. These multidecadal hydroclimate variations in the Seine basin are driven by anomalies in large-scale atmospheric circulation, which themselves appear to be influenced by sea surface temperature anomalies over the North Atlantic and the
North Pacific. The multidecadal hydroclimate variations also influence high and low flows over the last 150 years. The analysis of two
particularly severe historical droughts, the 1921 and the 1949 events, illustrates how long-term hydroclimate variations may impact short-term
drought events, particularly through groundwater–river exchanges. The multidecadal hydroclimate variations described in this study, probably of
internal origin, could play an important role in the evolution of water resources in the Seine basin in the coming decades. It is therefore
essential to take the associated uncertainties into account in future projections.
Mitigating impact of spatial variance of turbulence in wind energy applications
Authors: Kazda Jonas , Mann Jakob 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. For the first time an analytical solution for the quantification of the spatial variance of the second-order moment of correlated wind speeds was
developed in this work. The spatial variance is defined as random differences in the sample variance of wind speed between different points in
space. The approach is successfully verified using simulation and field data. The impact of the spatial variance on three selected applications
relevant to the wind energy sector is then investigated including mitigation measures. First, the difference of the second-order moment between
front-row wind turbines of Lillgrund wind farm is investigated. The variance of the difference ranges between 25 % and 48 % for turbulence
intensities ranging from 7 % to 10 % and a sampling period of 10 min. It is thus suggested to use the second-order moment measured at each
individual turbine as input to flow models of wind farm controllers in order to mitigate random error. Second, the impact of the spatial variance of
the measured second-order moment on the verification of wind turbine performance is investigated. Misalignment between the mean wind direction and
the line connecting the meteorological mast and wind turbine is observed to result in an additional random error in the observed second-order moment
of wind speed. In the investigated conditions the random error was up to 34 %. Such a random error adds uncertainty to the turbulence
intensity-based classification of the fatigue loads and power output of a wind turbine. To mitigate the random error, it is suggested to either
filter the measured data for low angles of misalignment or quantify wind turbine performance using the ensemble-averaged measurements of the
same wind conditions. Third, the verification of sensors in wind farms was investigated with respect to the impact of distant reference
measurements. In the case of a misalignment between the wind direction and the line connecting sensor and reference, an increased random error will
hamper the comparison of the measured second-order moments. The suggested mitigation measures are equivalent to those for the verification of
turbine performance.
ELMO2 association with Gαi2 regulates pancreatic cancer cell chemotaxis and metastasis
Authors: Wang Yecheng , Li Hongyan , Li Fei 
Published: April 2020

Background
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease. Nearly half of the patients have distant metastasis and remain asymptomatic. Emerging evidence suggests that the chemokine, CXCL12, has a role in cancer metastasis. The interaction between CXCL12 and CXCR4 activates heterotrimeric G proteins, which regulates actin polymerization and cancer cell migration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic cancer cell migration are still largely obscure. Here, we addressed the role of ELMO2 in chemotaxis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells.

Methods
Pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and AsPC-1 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of ELMO2 were used to determine the effects of ELMO2 on cancer cell chemotaxis, invasion, migration. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were carried out to identify interacting partners of ELMO2.

Results
ELMO2 knockdown inhibited pancreatic cancer cell chemotaxis, migration, invasion, and F-actin polymerization. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ELMO2 interacted with Gαi2 and that CXCL12 triggered Gα i2-dependent membrane translocation of ELMO2. Thus, ELMO2 is a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
First de novo whole genome sequencing and assembly of the bar-headed goose
Authors: Wang Wen , Wang Fang , Hao Rongkai , Wang Aizhen , Sharshov Kirill , Druzyaka Alexey , Lancuo Zhuoma , Shi Yuetong , Feng Shuo 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) mainly inhabits the plateau wetlands of Asia. As a specialized high-altitude species, bar-headed geese can migrate between South and Central Asia and annually fly twice over the Himalayan mountains along the central Asian flyway. The physiological, biochemical and behavioral adaptations of bar-headed geese to high-altitude living and flying have raised much interest. However, to date, there is still no genome assembly information publicly available for bar-headed geese.MethodsIn this study, we present the first de novo whole genome sequencing and assembly of the bar-headed goose, along with gene prediction and annotation.Results10X Genomics sequencing produced a total of 124 Gb sequencing data, which can cover the estimated genome size of bar-headed goose for 103 times (average coverage). The genome assembly comprised 10,528 scaffolds, with a total length of 1.143 Gb and a scaffold N50 of 10.09 Mb. Annotation of the bar-headed goose genome assembly identified a total of 102 Mb (8.9%) of repetitive sequences, 16,428 protein-coding genes, and 282 tRNAs. In total, we determined that there were 63 expanded and 20 contracted gene families in the bar-headed goose compared with the other 15 vertebrates. We also performed a positive selection analysis between the bar-headed goose and the closely related low-altitude goose, swan goose (Anser cygnoides), to uncover its genetic adaptations to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.ConclusionWe reported the currently most complete genome sequence of the bar-headed goose. Our assembly will provide a valuable resource to enhance further studies of the gene functions of bar-headed goose. The data will also be valuable for facilitating studies of the evolution, population genetics and high-altitude adaptations of the bar-headed geese at the genomic level.
Predictors of Job and Workplace Satisfaction among Community Pharmacists
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Al-Saikhan Fahad I. , Ahmed Nehad J. , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid 
Published: April 2020

Aims: This study aimed to assess the current levels of job and workplace satisfaction among community pharmacists (CPs) and to explore the factors that can affect their job and workplace satisfaction.
Methods: A self-administered research tool (questionnaire) was developed based on previously published literature. After its reliability and validity measurements, the questionnaire was distributed to the target population and data was collected. Data were entered into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) ver. 22.0 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multiple regression analysis. The level of significance (α) was set at 0.05.
Results: CPs reported high satisfaction (76.7%) concerning their jobs. Only 23.3% of them were not satisfied with their current job. Univariate analysis showed that job and workplace satisfaction among CPs was not significantly associated with gender, age, length of service, position and salary. However, the univariate analysis demonstrated a significant difference between practice settings and job and workplace satisfaction with p = 0.013. Among the respondents, those who worked in the chain pharmacies (83.7%) expressed greater job and workplace satisfaction, which is 16% higher than those working in independent pharmacies (67.6%). Therefore, practice setting was shown as the predictor of job and workplace satisfaction among CPs by using multiple regression analysis.
Conclusion: Overall, CPswere relatively satisfied with their current job. Our results had reinforced previous studies that reported that practice settings can affect pharmacists’ job and workplace satisfaction.
Prenatal stress and postnatal development of neonatal rats — sex‐dependent effects on emotional behavior and learning ability of neonatal rats
Authors: Nishio Hiroaki , Kasuga Shigeo , Ushijima Mitsuyasu , Harada Yasuo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMaternal sound stress (800 Hz; 77 dB, every other minute for 15 min/day, from day 10 to 18 of gestation), combined with forced swimming stress (15 min/day), was found to cause potentiation of sound‐induced loss of locomotor activity, referred to as emotional behavior, of male offspring, but not that of female offspring, at 4 weeks of age. Maternal stress also caused an increase in the total number of errors by male, but not female offspring in the water‐maze test at 6 weeks of age. These effects of stress on emotional behavior and learning behavior were abolished when dams were pretreated with buspirone (30 min before the stress, from day 8 to 18 of gestation). Thus, prenatal stress might have sex‐dependent effects on emotional behavior and learning ability of neonatal rats.
Retinoic acid as a chemotactic molecule in neuronal development
Authors: Maden M. , Keen G. , Jones G.E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe describe the results of experiments on dissociated cultures of embryonic chick neural tissue which were designed to investigate further the role of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (tRA) on neurite outgrowth and, by inference, on the developing nervous systemin vivo. We show that tRA increases both the number of neurites and the length of neurites extending from these chick neural tube cells at nM concentrations. Secondly, using the newly designed Dunn chamber in which stable gradients of compounds can be generated, we show that neurites respond to a gradient of tRA by growing up the gradient. These observations indicate a role for RAin vivo, not only in the initial outgrowth of neurites, but also in their guidance to the appropriate targets.
Retroviral transfection of the lacZ gene from Liz‐9 packaging cells to glioma spheroids
Authors: Øyvind Per Enger , Visted Therese , Thorsen Frits , Bjerkvig Rolf , Lund‐Johansen Morten 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDespite the development of numerous vectors for gene transfection to gliomas, patient survival length remains unaffected in clinical trials. For glioma gene therapy to be successful, the extent of gene transfer to the solid tumor tissue has to be high. In the present work we review some of the vector types and strategies so far utilized in experimental and clinical glioma gene therapy. Since gene transfer efficacy into solid glioma tissue is unknown for many vectors, we studied the gene transfer efficacy into multicellular spheroids derived from a human glioma cell line GaMg as well as into spheroids derived from human glioma biopsies (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM). A replication deficient retroviral vector from the Liz 9 packaging cell line was used for transfer of the bacterial β‐galactosidase lacZ gene into the target tissue. Gene transfer was obtained by adding medium containing virus from the producer cells to the target tissue. The experiments were also conducted with EGF (epidermal growth factor) added to the medium. The data show that the transfection rate ranged from 0–4.5% where the transfection efficacy was higher in spheroids after the addition of EGF. Most of the transfected cells were found at the surface, but transfected cells could also be observed in the center of the spheroids. We conclude that using this vector system, the transfection efficacy was low, even if the number of replicating cells was increased by adding EGF. The findings are consistent, and may partly explain, the lack of effect using this vector system during in vivo studies.
Cells encapsulated in alginate: a potential system for delivery of recombinant proteins to malignant brain tumours
Authors: Read Tracy‐Ann , Stensvaag Vidar , Vindenes Harald , Ulvestad Elling , Bjerkvig Rolf , Thorsen Frits 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGrowth and progression of malignant brain tumours occurs in a micromilieu consisting of both tumour and normal cells. Several proteins have been identified with the potential of interfering directly with tumour cells or with the neovascularisation process, thereby inhibiting tumour growth. A continuous delivery of such inhibitory proteins to the tumour microenvironment by genetically engineered cells could theoretically be of considerable therapeutic importance. In this study we have investigated the growth characteristics of cells encapsulated in alginate, which represents a potential delivery system for recombinant proteins that may have antitumour effects. Three different cell lines, NHI 3T3, 293 and BT4C were encapsulated in alginate, which is an immuno‐isolating substance extracted from brown seaweed. The encapsulated cells were observed at specific intervals during a 4‐month period after in vitro propagation and as transplants into the cortex of BD‐IX rats. Morphological studies showed that encapsulated cells proliferated and formed spheroids within the alginate in the in vitro cultures and after implantation into the brain. Even after 4 months in vivo a substantial amount of living cells were observed within the alginate beads. A vigorous infiltration of mononuclear cells was observed in the brain bordering the alginate beads, one week after implantation. However, there was a gradual decrease of mononuclear cells at the border zone beyond the first week of implantation. The majority of inflammatory cells were reactive microglia and invading monocytes, as verified by immunohistochemistry. The data further shows that alginate encapsulated cells can be frozen in liquid N2 and will retain their viability and proliferative capacity.
Can cannabis trigger recurrent panic attacks in susceptible patients?
Authors: Langs G , Fabisch H , Fabisch K , Zapotoczky HG 
Published: July 2002

SummaryCannabis has been reported to produce acute psychiatric reactions, among these panic anxiety and derealization, which are self-limited. We report on three patients who experienced an initial panic attack during cannabis intake. Anxiety attacks reoccurred after the cessation of intake. Two of these patients had a current depressive disorder, one of them had a single Grand Mal seizure before the onset. We suggest that cannabis may trigger the emergence of recurrent panic attacks and uncover latent panic disorders in vulnerable persons.
Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) treatment of sexual dysfunction in a schizophrenic patient
Authors: Benatov R. , Reznik I. , Zemishlany Z. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryA high frequency of sexual dysfunction occurs in treated and untreated patients with schizophrenia. Unfortunately, no effective therapy for this problem is currently available. We present a case of a 26-year-old patient with paranoid schizophrenia, who suffered from lack of desire and erection, and was successfully treated with sildenafil citrate (Viagra). This case illustrates the complex character of sexual dysfunction in male schizophrenic patients.
Geographical analysis of the risk of psychiatric hospitalization in Hamburg from 1988 – 1994
Authors: Maylath E. , Seidel J. , Werner B. , Schlattmann P. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe analysis of the geographical distribution of hospital cases is obviously important for the purpose of planning hospital services, but it is of even greater significance in the planning of psychiatric services. This concern motivated our seven-year-long study, which examined hospitalization risks among various categories of psychiatric disorders in the major German city of Hamburg. Our database encompassed 77% (n = 64,000) of all psychiatric admissions in a total of 41 hospitals, most of which are general hospitals. In order to carry out the geographical analysis we employed a new statistical method based on a mixture distribution model. According to our findings, the strongest indications of an increased frequency were among male cases of schizophrenia, drug abuse and organic psychoses, and female cases of neurotic disorders, personality disorders, drug abuse and schizophrenia. We found that some areas are exposed to a risk of hospitalization for these diagnostic categories which is more than 50% above the reference. Contrary to other authors we did not identify an increased frequency of admission concentrated in the inner-city area for any of the diagnostic groups. The risk of hospitalization for schizophrenics was almost entirely associated with the close proximity of psychiatric units, while the risks for neuroses and personality disorders, as well as alcohol and drug abuse, appeared to be concentrated in areas of low social status. However, a statistically relevant correlation between an increased risk of hospitalization and low social status could be determined only for drug abuse and alcoholism. In the end, we did identify two areas in which there was an increased risk of hospitalization for several diagnostic groups, and this information will undoubtedly facilitate the planning of hospital and psychiatric services. The fact that our findings deviate to some extent from other authors – especially with respect to neuroses and personality disorders, but also to addiction – can be attributed to the inclusion of psychiatric cases from general hospitals in our geographic analysis.