bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Visual and Chemosensory Signals in Male–Male Aggression of the Cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni
Authors: Mobley Robert B. , Doré Evan J. , Maruska Karen P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSensory processing of communication stimuli is essential for the survival of organisms across all evolutionary branches. Multimodal signaling, the use of multiple sensory systems is crucial in this process, but little is known about the relative importance of different senses used during aggression. We used the African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, to test how visual and chemosensory signals in male–male interactions influence behavior. Males of this species exist in a dominance hierarchy, where brightly colored dominant individuals aggressively defend territories for reproductive activities. Focal males were presented with visual and chemosensory signals from other males either alone (unimodal) or together (bimodal). We found that vision is necessary for males to engage in aggressive behaviors such as frontal displays, lateral displays, and border fights. While chemical signals alone did not evoke aggressive behaviors, we find slight reductions of some aggressive behaviors when bimodal stimuli are provided. This study is the first to examine how visual–chemosensory signaling impacts male–male aggressive behavior in A. burtoni and provides insight on how these signaling modalities mediate territorial interactions.
Spiral‐Like Trajectories of Singularities at Fresnel Diffraction on Double Fork‐Shaped Gratings
Authors: Ikonnikov Denis A. , Myslivets Sergey A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFresnel diffraction on double fork‐shaped gratings is studied. The trajectories of singularities are found to form two groups of nested spirals, with one originating from each dislocation. The number of spirals nested in each group is found to be equal to the topological charge of the dislocation from which it originates. The influence of the initial distance between dislocations on the trajectories of singularities is examined in detail, and the distinctive characteristics of this dependence are highlighted. The trajectory of the displacement of centroids of singularities from one group of nested spirals during the propagation for various topological charges is investigated. The results demonstrate that the higher the topological of the second dislocation is, the faster the centroid from the first dislocation will shift along the axis during the propagation. This finding indicates that the trajectory of singularities displacement is not defined by the singularity itself, but rather by the background field, which correlates well with the hydrodynamic approach.
Oxidative stability of optimized nanostructured lipid carriers containing thymoquinone‐rich oil
Authors: Ardhi Aulia , Raharjo Sri , Sudjarwo Wisnu Arfian Anditya , Schreiner Matthias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLipid‐based nanodelivery systems are now widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries to enhance the delivery of bioactive compounds by leveraging the properties of lipids. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), as one of the lipid‐based nano‐delivery systems, employs a blend of solid and liquid lipids, which improves the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of bioactive substances. This study aimed to optimize the NLC containing thymoquinone‐rich oil (NLC‐TQO) formulation using the Box–Behnken design; assess its antioxidant activity and oxidative stability by measuring 2,2‐diphenyl−1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, thymoquinone (TQ), and tocopherol contents over 28‐day storage; and evaluate the impact of incorporating beta‐carotene as singlet oxygen quencher on the oxidative stability of the NLC‐TQO. The optimized formulation involved 4.16% lipids (glyceryl monostearate and TQO), 5.85% Tween 80 as the surfactant, and 8.20 min of ultrasonication. NLC formulations demonstrated better DPPH activity retention than the emulsions, with cold and dark storage conditions being the most effective for preserving antioxidant activity. TQ stability in the NLC was observed at elevated temperatures without light, with around 50% remaining intact. However, TQ degraded rapidly under light, almost entirely by day 7. Gamma‐tocopherol exhibited better stability than alpha‐tocopherol, especially under light. The addition of beta‐carotene enhanced NLC‐TQO's oxidative stability. These findings revealed the potential of the NLC formulation as an effective delivery system for TQ with better oxidative protection compared to emulsions, making it a promising option for pharmaceutical and food industry applications.
Techno‐economic and environmental assessment of converting mixed prairie to renewable natural gas with co‐product hydroxycinnamic acid
Authors: Wild Katherine , Rahic Elmin , Schulte Lisa , Mba Wright Mark 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere is a need for research into clean alternative energy sources to meet future energy requirements. Renewable natural gas (RNG) can assist in fulfilling a growing projected demand for natural gas in a sustainable manner. This study focuses on a techno‐economic analysis (TEA) and a life cycle assessment (LCA) for the co‐digestion of manure with pretreated prairie biomass. This process offers higher biogas yields and an additional co‐product, hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA), to decrease the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of RNG. The plant produces between 524 000 GJ year−1 and 1 176 000 GJ year−1 of RNG in the five modeled scenarios. The MFSP of RNG for scenarios where biomass pretreatment occurs is estimated to be between $15.87 GJ−1 and $18.94 GJ−1. The MFSP for the scenario where no pretreatment occurs is estimated to be $21.21 GJ−1. The global warming potential results range from −7.30 kg CO2e GJ−1 to 21.59 kg CO2e GJ−1. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are also completed.
The Utility of Coronary Revascularization to Reduce Ventricular Arrhythmias in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Junarta Joey , Siddiqui Muhammad U. , Abaza Ehab , Zhang Peter , Patel Anjani , Park David S. , Aizer Anthony , Razzouk Louai , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVentricular arrhythmias (VA) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Current guidelines recommend revascularization of significant CAD to improve survival in patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF), polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT), or those who are post‐cardiac arrest. However, revascularization is not recommended for CAD patients with suspected scar‐mediated monomorphic VT. There is a paucity of data detailing the utility of revascularization in reducing VA in CAD patients who do not present with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and are not immediately post‐cardiac arrest, which is the focus of this review. Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched to identify relevant studies addressing this question. Studies that included patients presenting with ACS or those who were immediately post‐cardiac arrest at the time of revascularization were excluded. In total, five studies comprising 2663 patients were reviewed.
Intravascular Ultrasound for the Prevention of Coronary Artery Occlusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Krysztofiak Helena , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Gwóźdź Witold , Sacha Jerzy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPredicting coronary artery occlusion after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is usually based on computed tomography angiography (CTA). The primary risk factors seem to be a low coronary artery take‐off and a small aortic root. However, CTA sometimes provides ambiguous risk assessment, and even if a potentially risky coronary artery is secured with a guidewire, the need for coronary stenting after valve implantation often remains uncertain. To reduce uncertainty, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can be used. The following two cases highlight the utility of IVUS in addressing these issues.
Preparation of High‐Selectivity Li+ Adsorbents Based on Bauxite via Liquid‐Phase Alkaline Thermal Activation
Authors: Ding Tao , Hu Yiran , Qian Cheng , Zheng Mianping , Nie Zhen , Xing Enyuan , Wang Xinlei , Li Yubin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBauxite, as the main aluminium‐bearing mineral in China, is a crucial resource for the industrial production of aluminium and aluminium‐related products. In this study, bauxite‐based aluminium composite Li+ adsorbents were prepared using a liquid‐phase alkaline thermal activation—acid in situ method. The effects of various factors on Li+ adsorption from brine were investigated through single‐factor experiments. Multiple techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to characterise and analyse the microstructure, pore size distribution, chemical element distribution, and mineral structure of the adsorbents. In addition, the changes in bauxite structure and properties before and after functionalization were investigated. Results indicate that the adsorption capacity of LATA‐AIS‐LDH‐BX adsorbent prepared by the acid in situ method reached 1.15 mg/g at pH = 7; the adsorption capacity of LATA‐Al‐LDH‐BX adsorbent prepared by the aluminium salt conversion method reached 2.16 mg/g. The adsorption behaviour of both adsorbents followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. In the presence of interfering ions (Na+, K+, SO24+, Mg2+), the composite adsorbents showcased strong selective adsorption capacity for Li+. After five cycles of adsorption–desorption, the adsorption rates decreased by 12.19% and 11.48%, respectively, demonstrating good recycling stability. Furthermore, the Li+ adsorption capacities in salt lake brine reached 0.82 mg/g and 1.48 mg/g, indicating promising potential for industrial application.
A Systematic Review on Clinical Evidence for Topical Metformin: Old Medication With New Application
Authors: Afshar Kimia , Adibfard Sara , Nikbakht Mohammad Hossein , Rastegarnasab Fereshte , Pourmahdi‐Boroujeni Mahsa , Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsMetformin is a widely used oral agent for controlling diabetes mellitus, but it also has other therapeutic benefits for various conditions. In addition, conventional oral metformin, and topical metformin have been used in, in‐vitro studies in the treatment of acne, psoriasis, wound healing, and and so forth. While topical metformin has shown promising results in animal studies, there is limited data on its effectiveness in humans. Our study aims to summarize the clinical findings of human studies on the efficacy of topical metformin.MethodsThis review followed the PRISMA standards and systematically searched multiple databases using specific keywords. The relevant articles were selected according to the inclusions and exclusions criteria.ResultsOur search strategy yielded 1831 articles, after screening, 27 articles met our inclusion criteria which were: human studies, articles published before the start of the search, and topical forms of metformin. We also identified three additional relevant articles through reference checking. Therefore, our systematic review included a total of 30 articles.ConclusionMost commonly, topical metformin has been studied in dentistry and dermatology. In dentistry, it has been found effective in treating periodontitis when used with scaling and root planning. Combining metformin with platelet‐rich fibrin can provide better benefits for furcation‐involved teeth, and coating dental implants with metformin improves osseointegration. In dermatology, studies on melasma have had inconsistent results. Topical metformin has also shown promising results in promoting hair regrowth, wound healing, and acne vulgaris, suggesting it could be a potential treatment option for these conditions.
The effect of interpregnancy interval on the risk for cesarean delivery following prior vaginal delivery
Authors: Chromey David , Lesser Henry , Gray Celia , Pawar Priyanka , Mackeen A. Dhanya 
Published: December 2024

SynopsisPrior vaginal delivery remains preventative of cesarean delivery despite increasing interpregnancy interval; therefore, patients should be encouraged to attempt vaginal delivery regardless of interpregnancy interval.
Land Use Effects on Water Chemistry in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria (West Africa)
Authors: Okorie Blessing Chinomso , Komoe Koffi , Onyema Ikenna Charles , Schubert Hendrik , Mendy Pierre Anthony , Dwumah Kwasi Aning 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the effects of changes in land use patterns in the catchment area on water quality is crucial for effectively protecting aquatic resources. As transition zones between freshwater and the marine realm, Lagoon systems are especially vulnerable to anthropogenic influence due to their limited water exchange and challenging salinity regimes. To assess the environmental consequences of land use changes on water quality parameters under subtropical African conditions, 12 sites in Lagos Lagoon were sampled monthly over an entire year, covering the wet and dry seasons. The relationships between land use patterns and water quality were studied by combining seasonal water analysis results with GIS mapping based on satellite images. The results of the monthly water analysis showed a large degree of seasonality effects on almost all parameters but also some site‐specific features pointing to local dominance of catchment area‐related impacts. To unravel them, correlations between water parameters and land use patterns were analyzed based on a rough but robust classification. The land use forms were divided into five categories: waterbody, bare land, forest, urban area, and wetland. Independent of the restricted range of land use pattern variability covered by this study, several significant correlations between land use form and water quality parameters were found. Most of them are exclusively restricted to either the wet or dry season. Consistent season‐independent significant correlations were found between the percentage of urban area and dissolved oxygen concentration. For wetlands, such consistent and significant correlations were found with nitrate, chemical oxygen demand, and turbidity. The findings provide first insights into the impact of land use changes on lagoon water quality under subtropical biodiversity of these systems and aquatic resources in general.
Medial pivot total knee arthroplasty for valgus knees provides equivalent medial stability compared to that for varus knees: In vivo kinematic study
Authors: Kage Tomofumi , Kono Kenichi , Tomita Tetsuya , Yamazaki Takaharu , Taketomi Shuji , Yamagami Ryota , Kawaguchi Kohei , Murakami Ryo , Arakawa Takahiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Inui Hiroshi , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThe efficacy of medial pivot total knee arthroplasty (MP TKA) in treating valgus knees that may cause medial instability is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo kinematics of MP TKA for the valgus knees and compare them to those for the varus knees.MethodsThe kinematics of 19 valgus knees and 19 varus knees operated in the MP TKA were investigated under fluoroscopy during squatting using a two‐ to three‐dimensional registration technique. Accordingly, the valgus and varus knees were evaluated and compared in terms of knee flexion angle, anteroposterior translation for the medial and lateral low contact points, axial rotation and valgus–varus angle of the femoral component relative to the tibial component, as well as kinematic pathways.ResultsThe knee flexion angle was found to be identical in both knees. There was no anterior translation on the medial side of the valgus knees, and no difference was detected between the two knees. On the lateral side, posterior translation was observed in both knees, with no difference between the two. Femoral external rotation was observed in both knees, and no difference was detected between the two. There was no valgus–varus change in the valgus knees, nor was there a difference between the two knees. The valgus knees demonstrated MP motion, whereas the varus knees demonstrated MP motion and bicondylar rollback.ConclusionThe medial side of the valgus knees treated with MP TKA showed comparable stable kinematics to the varus knees. The MP TKA is an effective procedure for valgus knees to stabilize the medial compartment.Level of EvidenceLevel Ⅲ.
Trends of hip arthroscopy in Italy show an increase over the years: A nationwide study from 2001 to 2016
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Papalia Rocco , De Salvatore Sergio , Intermesoli Giovanni , Piergentili Ilaria , Zaffagnini Stefano , Samuelsson Kristian , D'Hooghe Pieter , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeHip arthroscopy has gained popularity among orthopaedic procedures over the last decade. The present study aims to evaluate the trends of hip arthroscopy procedures in Italy analysing data recorded by the Italian Ministry of Health, reporting demographics, length of hospitalisation (LOS), diagnosis and the economic impact of the procedure.MethodsThe National Hospital Discharge records reported by the Italian Ministry of Health were used, analysing the data regarding hip arthroscopy procedures performed in Italy between 2001 and 2016. A total of 4022 hip arthroscopies were performed in Italy in the adult population.ResultsThe present study shows more males being exposed to the procedure, while the mean age of females was always higher than that of males during the 16‐year study period. The mean LOS was 2.6 ± 3.2 days, and every procedure had a mean Italian hospital reimbursement from 1361€ to 1512€. Hip arthroscopy procedures have increased substantially between the years 2001 and 2016, as well as the costs related to the surgery.ConclusionsThe findings of this study constitute valuable clinical and scientific evidence for the healthcare system, which is useful not only for the formulation and improvement of national healthcare policies but also to improve awareness and accessibility of hip arthroscopy.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Effects of Mowing on Root Biomass, Soil Properties, Microbial Biomass, and Microbial Diversity in Grasslands: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Jigao , Wei Kai , Li Ziyang , Wang Yanling , Tang Jialiang , Zhu Bo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMowing is a common practice in grassland management, impacting root biomass, soil properties, and microorganisms by removing aboveground biomass. However, the effects of mowing on these factors have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we evaluated the overall impact of mowing on root biomass, soil properties, microbial biomass, and diversity grasslands by synthesizing 1103 field observations from 103 global publications and assessed whether the effects of mowing varied with grassland type, mowing duration, and stubble height. Results revealed that mowing duration significantly influenced root biomass, transitioning from positive to negative effects with increased duration. Moreover, the effect of mowing on inorganic nitrogen (IN) differed among grassland types, decreasing in semi‐humid/humid grasslands but remaining unchanged in arid/semi‐arid ones. Stubble height impacted ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N), decreasing under medium and low stubble height but not under high stubble height. The effect of mowing on microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) varied with grassland type and stubble height. MBN decreased in semi‐humid/humid grasslands and under high stubble height but remained unchanged in arid/semi‐arid grasslands or under medium and low stubble height. Additionally, mowing did not change the total microbial biomass, but decreased the biomass of gram‐positive bacteria, gram‐negative bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as the bacterial Shannon diversity index, and increased the fungal Simpson diversity index. Overall, this meta‐analysis provides insights into how grassland ecosystems respond to mowing, particularly in terms of root biomass, soil properties, microbial biomass, and diversity. It also highlights the necessity for site‐specific grassland management strategies.
The Economic Burden of Myasthenia Gravis (MG): A Survey of Affected People and Their Families
Authors: Yoder Kathleen , Burris Rachael , Gurunathan Sujatha , Phillips Glenn , Perez Kathy , Habib Ali A. , Narayanaswami Pushpa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsClaims‐based analyses have demonstrated high medical costs associated with myasthenia gravis (MG). We examined the economic burden of MG from the perspective of affected people and their families.MethodsThe Muscular Dystrophy Association developed and conducted an online survey of people with MG and their caregivers between October 26 and December 6, 2021. Major themes were: MG‐associated financial decisions, quality of life, employment and direct/indirect costs of diagnosis, healthcare insurance, medical visits, medications/treatments, medical equipment/devices, and caregiving.ResultsEight hundred people with MG and 238 caregivers responding on behalf of a person with MG completed the survey. Most respondents were white (85%) and about half (55%) had received a 4 year college degree or higher education. Respondents indicated that MG impacted their health, recreation, and finances. 70% reported making financial adjustments or seeking financial assistance. Annual out‐of‐pocket costs (mean, $15,798; median, $7750) were primarily driven by medications, cost to receive a diagnosis, and healthcare insurance premiums. People receiving infusions paid significantly more across all care domains. Demographic disparities were observed, with people of color, women, and those on disability paying significantly more to receive a diagnosis than their counterparts.DiscussionThe economic burden on people with MG and their families is substantial, primarily driven by direct costs. There is a need to engage more broadly with the MG community for generalizable information. Respondents were self‐selected, which may impact results. The results will be used to educate the public and inform advocacy work, with the goal of improving the lives of people with MG.