bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xenogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for mandibular defect regeneration
Authors: Tee Boon Ching , Sun Zongyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is commonly accepted that xenogeneic stem cell transplantation for tissue engineering is faced with host immune rejection. Using a rat critical‐size mandibular defect model, this study examined whether the immune rejection can be evaded by diminishing T‐cell immunity.MethodsTo examine donor cell survival and host immune reaction, pig bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) were labeled with CM‐DiI, loaded onto gelatin sponge (5 × 106 cells/scaffold), and transplanted into 5‐mm mandibular defects of immunocompetent and T cell‐deficient athymic rats. To examine the effects of xenogeneic BM‐MSCs on bone regeneration, athymic rats undergone the same surgeries were terminated at post‐operative weeks 1, 3, and 6. Control rats underwent the same jaw surgery without BM‐MSC transplantation.ResultsThe density of CM‐DiI‐labeled BM‐MSCs decreased with time in both strains of rats. Although it was substantially higher in athymic rats than in immunocompetent rats at post‐operative day 1, by day 3‐7 the density became comparable between the two strains of rats. Apoptosis reflected by cleaved Caspase‐3 staining was low in both strains. Stronger infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, B cells and CD8+ T cells was found in MSC‐treated animals. In athymic rats, infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages was strong, but it occurred later than that in immunocompetent rats. While bone volume fraction significantly increased with time (P < .001), no difference was found between MSC‐treated and control groups.ConclusionsEven in hosts with deficient T‐cell immunity, xenogeneic BM‐MSC transplantation into mandibular critical‐sized defects still faces challenges from host innate immunity, which compromises their regenerative efficacy.
A Simplified Fatigue Assessment Method for ASME VIII-2
Authors: Shen Jun , Lu Mingwan , Peng Heng , Liu Yinghua , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most common and important failure modes in pressure vessel. ASME VIII-2 provides three screening criterion and three detailed assessment method for fatigue failure. With the decrease of material design factor and the extension of fatigue curve to high cycle, the applicable scope of the three screening criteria become relatively smaller and the economic efficiency is also reduced. Meanwhile, the three fatigue evaluation methods given in ASME VIII-2 Code are all based on detailed numerical calculations (such as finite element analysis (FEA)). Both economic cost and requirements of technical personnel of engineers are higher. In this paper, a simplified fatigue evaluation method is proposed, which gives simple implementation procedures and relatively conservative fatigue evaluation results. Compared with the screening criteria method A, the main advantage is that the scope of its application is wider, that is: (1) the number of significant load cycle can be considered is extended from 1000 to 105; (2) there is no upper limit to the range of pressure fluctuation, which is 20% in method A. Compared with the screening criteria method B, the main advantage is that this method is much simpler and for most materials, design fatigue curves are not required during calculation and evaluation. Compared with the three detailed assessment methods given in ASME VIII-2, this method is very convenient and does not require detailed FEA. The method proposed in this paper can simplify the evaluation process of fatigue analysis in a certain range and provide a more cost-effective engineering assessment method.
Rectilinear Tasks Optimization of a Modular Serial Metamorphic Manipulator
Authors: Stravopodis N. A. , Moulianitis V. C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a method for optimizing rectilinear tasks on a 3 degrees-of-freedom (DoF) modular serial metamorphic manipulator. The overall experimental process was designed in order for theoretical assumptions and previous experimental results, regarding the characteristics of a class of reconfigurable manipulators to be verified. The optimization procedure undergoes two stages. In each stage, the tasks are initially simulated and the optimal solutions obtained are afterward evaluated in the manipulator. Optimal task placement in the configuration space of the reference anatomy is concerned in the first optimization stage. Two different kinematic manipulability measures are utilized to form the objective function of the genetic algorithm (GA) used. Determination of the optimal anatomy for each task execution is concerned in the second stage. All feasible anatomies are exhaustively evaluated, and the anatomy with minimum execution time achieved in simulation is considered as optimal. The simulated tasks are executed for the reference and the optimal anatomy extracted. Overall task execution time reduction is measured. For tasks executed, Tool Center Point (TCP) position and velocity are obtained from navigation equations using measurements from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. In order to obtain more accurate solutions from position and velocity equations, a Kalman filter (KF) algorithm is implemented. Finally, conclusions are made based on the results of each task execution. Overall the metamorphic manipulator can achieve higher kinematic performance and minimize task execution time for the optimal anatomy calculated. Optimal task placement for the reference anatomy also reduces the task execution time.
Drivers of weight loss in a CDC-recognized digital diabetes prevention program
Authors: Painter Stefanie L , Lu Wei , Schneider Jennifer , James Roberta , Shah Bimal 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionTo investigate the impact of the digital Livongo Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) on weight at 12 months, understand participants’ self-monitoring behaviors associated with greater weight loss, and evaluate the impact of coaching interactions on more frequent self-monitoring behaviors.Research design and methodsA retrospective analysis was performed using data from 2037 participants enrolled in the Livongo DPP who completed lesson 1 and recorded a starting weight during 2016–2017. Self-monitoring behaviors, including weigh-ins, food logging, activity, and coach–participant interactions, were analyzed at 6 and 12 months. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on those who were highly engaged versus those minimally engaged. Multiple regression analysis was performed using demographic, self-monitoring, and lesson attendance data to determine predictors of weight loss at 12 months and coaching impact on self-monitoring.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 50 years (SD ±12), with a starting weight of 94 kg (SD ±21), were college-educated (78%), and were female (74%). Overall, participants lost on average 5.1% of their starting weight. Highly engaged participants lost 6.6% of starting body weight, with 25% losing ≥10% at 12 months. Logistic regression analysis showed each submitted food log was associated with 0.23 kg (p<0.05) weight loss, each lesson completed was associated with 0.14 kg (p<0.05) weight loss, and a week of 150 active minutes was associated with 0.1 kg (p<0.01) weight loss. One additional coach–participant message each week was associated with 1.4 more food logs per week, 1.6% increase in weeks with four or more weigh-ins, and a 2.7% increase in weeks with 150 min of activity.ConclusionsFood logging had the largest impact on weight loss, followed by lesson engagement and physical activity. Future studies should examine further opportunities to deliver nutrition-based content to increase and sustain weight loss for DPP.
Is reduction of routine radiograph use in patients with distal radius fractures cost effective? Analysis of data from the multicentre, randomised controlled WARRIOR trial
Authors: van Gerven Pieter , van Dongen Johanna M , Rubinstein Sidney M , Termaat Marco F , El Moumni Mostafa , Zuidema Wietse P. , Krijnen Pieta , Schipper Inger B , van Tulder Maurits W 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the cost effectiveness of a reduced imaging follow-up protocol of distal radius fractures compared with usual care.DesignAn economical evaluation conducted alongside a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingFour level-one trauma centres in the Netherlands.Participants341 patients participated (usual care (n=172), reduced imaging (n=169)).InterventionsPatients were randomised to usual care (routine radiography at 1, 2, 6 and 12 weeks) or a reduced imaging strategy (radiographs at 6 and 12 weeks only for a clinical indication).Outcome measuresFunctional outcome was assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using the EuroQol-5Dimensions-3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L). Costs were measured using self-reported questionnaires and medical records, and analysed from a societal perspective. Multiple imputation, seemingly unrelated regression analysis and bootstrapping were used to analyse the data.ResultsClinical overall outcomes of both groups were comparable. The difference in DASH was −2.03 (95% CI −4.83 to 0.77) and the difference in QALYs was 0.025 (95% CI −0.01 to 0.06). Patients in the reduced imaging group received on average 3.3 radiographs (SD: 1.9) compared with 4.2 (SD: 1.9) in the usual care group. Costs for radiographic imaging were significantly lower in the reduced imaging group than in the usual care group (€−48 per patient, 95% CI −68 to −27). There was no difference in total costs between groups (€−401 per patient, 95% CI −2453 to 1251). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for QALYs was −15 872; the ICER for the DASH was 198. The probability of reduced imaging being cost effective compared with usual care ranged from 0.8 to 0.9 at a willingness to pay of €20 000/QALY to €80 000/QALY.ConclusionsImplementing a reduced imaging strategy in the follow-up of distal radius fractures has a high probability of being cost effective for QALYs, without decreasing functional outcome. We, therefore, recommend imaging only when clinically indicated.Trial registration numberThe Netherlands trial register (NL4477).
Establishing a taxonomy of potential hazards associated with communicating medical science in the age of disinformation
Authors: Grimes David Robert , Brennan Laura J , O'Connor Robert 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesDisinformation on medical matters has become an increasing public health concern. Public engagement by scientists, clinicians and patient advocates can contribute towards public understanding of medicine. However, depth of feeling on many issues (notably vaccination and cancer) can lead to adverse reactions for those communicating medical science, including vexatious interactions and targeted campaigns. Our objective in this work is to establish a taxonomy of common negative experiences encountered by those communicating medical science, and suggest guidelines so that they may be circumvented.DesignWe establish a taxonomy of the common negative experiences reported by those communicating medical science, informed by surveying medical science communicators with public platforms.Participants142 prominent medical science communicators (defined as having >1000 Twitter followers and experience communicating medical science on social and traditional media platforms) were invited to take part in a survey, with 101 responses.Results101 responses were analysed. Most participants experienced abusive behaviour (91.9%), including persistent harassment (69.3%) and physical violence and intimidation (5.9%). A substantial number (38.6%) received vexatious complaints to their employers, professional bodies or legal intimidation. The majority (62.4%) reported negative mental health sequelae due to public outreach, including depression, anxiety and stress. A significant minority (19.8%) were obligated to seek police advice or legal counsel due to actions associated with their outreach work. While the majority targeted with vexatious complaints felt supported by their employer/professional body, 32.4% reported neutral, poor or non-existent support.ConclusionsThose engaging in public outreach of medical science are vulnerable to negative repercussions, and we suggest guidelines for professional bodies and organisations to remedy some of these impacts on front-line members.
Safety and effectiveness of a Tai Chi-based cardiac rehabilitation programme for chronic coronary syndrom patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ma Jing , Zhang Jian wei , Li Hua , Zhao Lian shan , Guo Ai ying , Chen Zai hao , Yuan Wen , Gao Tian ming , Li Ya meng , Li Cui han , Wang Hong wei , Song Bo , Lu Yu long , Cui Mei ze , Wei Qiu yang , Lyu Shao jun , Yin Heng chan 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPreliminary evidence from clinical observations suggests that Tai Chi exercise may offer potential benefits for patients with chronic coronary syndrom (CCS). However, the advantages for CCS patients to practice Tai Chi exercise as rehabilitation have not been rigorously tested and there is a lack of consensus on its benefits. This study aims to develop an innovative Tai Chi Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (TCCRP) for CCS patients and to assess the efficacy, safety and acceptability of the programme.Methods and analysisWe propose to conduct a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial comprising of 150 participants with CCS. The patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio into two groups. The intervention group will participate in a supervised TCCRP held three times a week for 3 months. The control group will receive supervised conventional exercise rehabilitation held three times a week for 3 months. The primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months after intervention and after an additional 3-month follow-up period. Primary outcome measures will include a score of 36-Item Short Form Survey and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale. The secondary outcome measures will include body composition, cardiopulmonary exercise test, respiratory muscle function, locomotor skills, echocardiogram, New York Heart Association classification, heart rate recovery time and laboratory examination. Other measures also include Seattle Angina Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Berg Balance Scale. All adverse events will be recorded and analysed.Ethics and disseminationThis study conforms to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical guidelines. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Chinese People’s Libration Army General Hospital (approval number: S2019-060-02). Findings from this study will be published and presented at conferences for widespread dissemination of the results.Trial registration numberNCT03936504.
Relationship between the Injury Severity Score and the need for life-saving interventions in trauma patients in the UK
Authors: Vassallo James , Fuller Gordon , Smith Jason E 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionMajor trauma is the third leading cause of avoidable mortality in the UK. Defining which patients require care in a major trauma centre is a critical component of developing, evaluating and enhancing regional major trauma systems. Traditionally, trauma patients have been classified using the Injury Severity Score (ISS), but resource-based criteria have been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ISS and the use of life-saving interventions (LSI).MethodsRetrospective cohort study using the Trauma Audit Research Network database for all adult patients (aged ≥18 years) between 2006 and 2014. Patients were categorised as needing an LSI if they received one or more interventions from a previously defined list determined by expert consensus.Results193 290 patients met study inclusion criteria: 56.9% male, median age 60.0 years (IQR 41.2–78.8) and median ISS 9 (IQR 9–16). The most common mechanism of injury was falls <2 m (52.1%), followed by road traffic collisions (22.2%). 15.1% received one or more LSIs. The probability of a receiving an LSI increased with increasing ISS, but only a low to moderate correlation was evident (0.334, p<0.001). A clinically significant number of cases (5.3% and 7.6%) received an LSI despite having an ISS ≤8 or <15, respectively.ConclusionsA clinically significant number of adult trauma patients requiring LSIs have an ISS below the traditional definition of major trauma. The traditional definition should be reconsidered and either lowered, or an alternative metric should be used.
Clinicopathological study of blue nevi of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract: first case series
Authors: Assarzadegan Naziheh , Salimian Kevan , Hutchings Danielle , Windon Annika Lisbeth , Voltaggio Lysandra , Montgomery Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2020

AimBlue nevus (BN) is a benign melanocytic proliferation that is typically cutaneous. Extracutaneous BN is infrequent and is reported in the mucosa of various organs. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract BN is rare. Here, we describe the clinicopathological findings of the largest series of GI tract BNs.MethodsA search of our Pathology Data System (1984–2019) identified six GI tract blue nevi. Clinical information, pathology reports and available H&E-stained section slides were reviewed.ResultsLesions predominated in the middle-aged adults (mean 54, range 27–80) with a slight female predominance (66%). Most cases arose in the rectum and colon (83%), with one gastric lesion (17%). Four cases were identified during endoscopic examination performed either for screening or for unrelated symptoms (66%). Two patients presented with rectal bleeding (33%) unassociated with the BN. Endoscopically, most lesions appeared as superficial hyperpigmented areas (83%). One case was described as abnormal mucosa (17%). Microscopically, the mucosa was involved in all of the cases (100%). One case showed submucosal extension in addition to the mucosal component (17%). Lesions showed a proliferation of bland spindle cells with abundant granular pigment. No nuclear atypia or mitoses were identified. Immunostains showed immunoreactivity for melanocytic markers. Follow-up information available for five patients showed no recurrences to date (mean follow-up 1 year).ConclusionsBN is a benign melanocytic proliferation. It is important to be aware of the occurrence of such lesions outside of the skin and consider the possibility of BN when pigmented lesions are encountered in the GI tract.
New series representations for the two-loop massive sunset diagram
Authors: Ananthanarayan B. , Friot Samuel , Ghosh Shayan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We derive new convergent series representations for the two-loop sunset diagram with three different propagator masses $$m_1,\, m_2$$m1,m2 and $$m_3$$m3 and external momentum p by techniques of analytic continuation on a well-known triple series that corresponds to the Lauricella $$F_C^{(3)}$$FC(3) function. The convergence regions of the new series contain regions of interest to physical problems. These include some ranges of masses and squared external momentum values which make them useful from Chiral Perturbation Theory to some regions of the parameter space of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The analytic continuation results presented for the Lauricella series could be used in other settings as well.
A new self-consistent approach of quantum turbulence in superfluid helium
Authors: Galantucci Luca , Baggaley Andrew W. , Barenghi Carlo F. , Krstulovic Giorgio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present the Fully cOUpled loCAl model of sUperfLuid Turbulence (FOUCAULT) that describes the dynamics of finite temperature superfluids. The superfluid component is described by the vortex filament method while the normal fluid is governed by a modified Navier–Stokes equation. The superfluid vortex lines and normal fluid components are fully coupled in a self-consistent manner by the friction force, which induces local disturbances in the normal fluid in the vicinity of vortex lines. The main focus of this work is the numerical scheme for distributing the friction force to the mesh points where the normal fluid is defined (stemming from recent advances in the study of the interaction between a classical viscous fluid and small active particles) and for evaluating the velocity of the normal fluid on the Lagrangian discretisation points along the vortex lines. In particular, we show that if this numerical scheme is not careful enough, spurious results may occur. The new scheme which we propose to overcome these difficulties is based on physical principles. Finally, we apply the new method to the problem of the motion of a superfluid vortex ring in a stationary normal fluid and in a turbulent normal fluid.
Rhabdoid Tumors Are Sensitive to the Protein-Translation Inhibitor Homoharringtonine
Authors: Howard Thomas P. , Oberlick Elaine M. , Rees Matthew G. , Arnoff Taylor E. , Pham Minh-Tam , Brenan Lisa , DoCarmo Mariana , Hong Andrew L. , Kugener Guillaume , Chou Hsien-Chao , Drosos Yiannis , Mathias Kaeli M. , Ramos Pilar , Seashore-Ludlow Brinton , Giacomelli Andrew O. , Wang Xiaofeng , Freeman Burgess B. , Blankenship Kaley , Hoffmann Lauren , Tiv Hong L. , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Johannessen Cory M. , Stewart Elizabeth A. , Schreiber Stuart L. , Hahn William C. , Roberts Charles W.M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Rhabdoid tumors are devastating pediatric cancers in need of improved therapies. We sought to identify small molecules that exhibit in vitro and in vivo efficacy against preclinical models of rhabdoid tumor.

Experimental Design:
We screened eight rhabdoid tumor cell lines with 481 small molecules and compared their sensitivity with that of 879 other cancer cell lines. Genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 inactivation screens in rhabdoid tumors were analyzed to confirm target vulnerabilities. Gene expression and CRISPR–Cas9 data were queried across cell lines and primary rhabdoid tumors to discover biomarkers of small-molecule sensitivity. Molecular correlates were validated by manipulating gene expression. Subcutaneous rhabdoid tumor xenografts were treated with the most effective drug to confirm in vitro results.

Results:
Small-molecule screening identified the protein-translation inhibitor homoharringtonine (HHT), an FDA-approved treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), as the sole drug to which all rhabdoid tumor cell lines were selectively sensitive. Validation studies confirmed the sensitivity of rhabdoid tumor to HHT was comparable with that of CML cell lines. Low expression of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2L1, which encodes Bcl-XL, was the strongest predictor of HHT sensitivity, and HHT treatment consistently depleted Mcl-1, the synthetic-lethal antiapoptotic partner of Bcl-XL. Rhabdoid tumor cell lines and primary-tumor samples expressed low BCL2L1, and overexpression of BCL2L1 induced resistance to HHT in rhabdoid tumor cells. Furthermore, HHT treatment inhibited rhabdoid tumor cell line and patient-derived xenograft growth in vivo.

Conclusions:
Rhabdoid tumor cell lines and xenografts are highly sensitive to HHT, at least partially due to their low expression of BCL2L1. HHT may have therapeutic potential against rhabdoid tumors.
Genealogia e crítica
Authors: Menke Christoph , Andrade Luis Filipe de Lima 
Published: July 2020

O objetivo principal do artigo "Genealogie und Kritik: zwei Formen ethischer Moralbefragung" de Christoph Menke é apresentar os pontos comuns e divergentes na constituição das concepções éticas de Nietzsche e Adorno –, mais especificamente, no que refere-se ao questionamento crítico da moral ou ética individual (figuras comum a ambos), que, por sua vez, terá uma relação necessária com o conceito de genealogia de Nietzsche e com o conceito de crítica de Adorno –, para, em última análise, mostrar as consequências distintas do posicionamento de cada um dos autores no âmbito da crítica à moral. A tradução foi realizada tendo-se por referência o texto original em alemão.