bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence for an adaptive role of early molt into breeding plumage in a female fairy wren
Authors: Nolazco Sergio , Hall Michelle L , Kingma Sjouke A , Delhey Kaspar , Peters Anne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe evolution of ornaments as sexually selected signals is well understood in males, but female ornamentation remains understudied. Fairy wrens offer an excellent model system, given their complex social structure and mating systems, and the diversity of female ornamentation. We investigated whether early molt into ornamental breeding plumage plays an adaptive role in females of the monogamous purple-crowned fairy wren Malurus coronatus, the only fairy wren known to have female seasonal plumage. Using 6 years of monitoring, we found that the timing of female molt was similar to males, but there was no evidence for assortative mating. Like males (previous study), older and dominant individuals acquired their breeding plumage earlier; however, in contrast to males, early molt did not seem to be costly since unfavorable environmental conditions or previous reproductive effort did not delay molt. Early female molt was not associated with any indicator of reproductive quality nor did it attract additional offspring care by their partners. We also found no association between early molt and the likelihood of acquiring a dominant (breeding) position or with the presence or proximity to same-sex rivals. Our study results, which are similar to previous findings in conspecific males, suggest that directional selection for early molt might be relaxed in this species, in contrast to other genetically polygamous fairy wrens in which early molt predicts extrapair mating success in males. However, the finding that molt timing is status dependent raises the possibility that other attributes of the ornament may fulfill an adaptive function in females.
Politics and practices of inclusion: intersectional participatory action research
Authors: Wheeler Joanna , Shaw Jackie , Howard Jo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA politics of exclusion is gaining ground in the global North and South, actively excluding and delegitimizing certain groups. At the same time, in global policy discourse, such as the sustainable development goals, there is an increasing focus on inclusion of the most marginalized and a reduction of inequalities. This article explores the politics and practice of inclusion through grounded examples of intersectional participatory action research (PAR). It uses examples from South Africa and India to consider the added value of taking an intersectional approach to PAR. We trace how intersectionality in practice draws attention to hidden knowledge and experience, challenges discriminatory labels, and requires careful navigation between individual and group processes. We analyse the potential for PAR processes to enable groups to surface and acknowledge inequalities across difference. We propose that, through creative processes and iterative dialogue and reflection, exclusionary attitudes and discourses which undermine people’s agency can be challenged, and alternative, inclusive narratives may be constructed. Finally, we argue that this process is relevant to wider political debates.
Long-term follow-up after transatrial–transpulmonary repair of tetralogy of Fallot: influence of timing on outcome
Authors: van den Bosch Eva , Bogers Ad J J C , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , van Dijk Arie P J , van Wijngaarden Marie H E J , Boersma Eric , Nijveld Aagje , Luijten Linda W G , Tanke Ronald , Koopman Laurens P , Helbing Willem A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to report the long-term serial follow-up after transatrial–transpulmonary repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and to describe the influence of the timing of the repair on outcome.

METHODS
We included all patients with TOF who had undergone transatrial–transpulmonary repair between 1970 and 2012. Records were reviewed for patient demographics, operative details and events during the follow-up period (death, pulmonary valve replacement, cardiac reinterventions and hospitalization/intervention for arrhythmias). In patients with elective early primary repair of TOF after 1990, a subanalysis of the optimal timing of TOF repair was performed.

RESULTS
A total of 453 patients were included (63% male patients; 65% had transannular patch); 261 patients underwent primary elective repair after 1990. The median age at TOF repair was 0.7 years (25th–75th percentile 0.3–1.3) and decreased from 1.7 to 0.4 years from before 1990 to after 2000, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). The median follow-up duration after TOF repair was 16.8 years (9.6–24.7). Events developed in 182 (40%) patients. In multivariable analysis, early repair of TOF (&lt;6 months) [hazard ratio (HR) 3.06; P &lt; 0.001] and complications after TOF repair (HR 2.18; P = 0.006) were found to be predictive for an event. In a subanalysis of the primary repair of TOF after 1990, the patients (n = 125) with elective early repair (&lt;6 months) experienced significantly worse event-free survival compared to patients who had elective repair later (n = 136). In multivariable analysis, early repair (HR 3.00; P = 0.001) and postoperative complications (HR 2.12; P = 0.010) were associated with events in electively repaired patients with TOF.

CONCLUSIONS
Transatrial–transpulmonary repair of TOF before the age of 6 months may be associated with more events during the long-term follow-up period.
The Neues Kreuzberger Zentrum: Urban Planners, Property Developers and Fractious Left Politics in West Berlin, 1963–1974*
Authors: Verlaan Tim 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During the early 1960s, elected officials and urban planners designated large swathes of West Berlin as redevelopment areas, most notably the district of Kreuzberg SO36. With the help of private developers, an underexamined group of stakeholders in urban planning, local residents were to be rehoused in spacious apartment blocks equipped with modern facilities. The construction history of the Neues Kreuzberger Zentrum housing complex is a classic yet understudied example of how public and private actors attempted to work together in the field of postwar urban planning. Soon after the plan was publicly announced, the public consensus on urban redevelopment altered. Criticism came from young professionals in the field of architecture and planning as well as neighbourhood action groups, who were eventually followed by public officials. This article investigates how and why the mood changed inside and outside the field of West German architecture and urban planning. Current historiography tends to neglect the role of private entrepreneurs in urban redevelopment efforts. By examining the politics leading up to the construction of the Neues Kreuzberger Zentrum, this article sheds a fresh light on the modus operandi of the West German welfare state on the local level and how it responded to bottom-up demands for democratization and transparency. The interaction between local authorities, commercial interests and the public is innovatively brought together into a single analytical framework by consulting a wide array of primary sources, most prominently articles by West Berlin’s alternative and mainstream press, architecture and planning journals and minutes from official meetings.
Aging Alters Cerebrovascular Endothelial GPCR and K+ Channel Function: Divergent Role of Biological Sex
Authors: Hakim Md A , Chum Phoebe P , Buchholz John N , Behringer Erik J 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAge-related dementia entails impaired blood flow to and throughout the brain due, in part, to reduced endothelial nitric oxide signaling. However, it is unknown whether sex affects cerebrovascular Gq-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and K+ channels underlying endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH) during progressive aging. Thus, we simultaneously evaluated intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and membrane potential (Vm) of intact endothelial tubes freshly isolated from posterior cerebral arteries of young (4–6 mo), middle-aged (12–16 mo), and old (24–28 mo) male and female C57BL/6 mice. Purinergic receptor function (vs. muscarinic) was dominant and enhanced for [Ca2+]i increases in old females versus old males. However, Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel function as defined by NS309-evoked Vm hyperpolarization was mildly impaired in females versus males during old age. This sex-based contrast in declined function of GPCRs and K+ channels to produce EDH may support a greater ability for physiological endothelial GPCR function to maintain optimal cerebral blood flow in females versus males during old age. As reflective of the pattern of cerebral blood flow decline in human subjects, inward-rectifying K+ (KIR) channel function decreased with progressive age regardless of sex. Combined age-related analyses masked male versus female aging and, contrary to expectation, hydrogen peroxide played a minimal role. Altogether, we conclude a sex-based divergence in cerebrovascular endothelial GPCR and K+ channel function while highlighting a previously unidentified form of age-related endothelial dysfunction as reduced KIR channel function.
Weak palaeointensity results over a Pliocene volcanic sequence from Lesser Caucasus (Georgia): transitional record or time averaged field?
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Elisa M , Calvo-Rathert Manuel , Goguitchaichvili Avto , Tauxe Lisa , Vashakidze George T , Lebedev Vladimir A 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYA palaeointensity study has been carried out on a Pliocene sequence of 20 consecutive lava flows where previous directional results seem to reflect anomalous behaviour of the Earth's magnetic field (EMF), which can be explained by a polarity transition record or non-averaged palaeosecular variation or both. Here, we perform a total of 55 palaeointensity determinations using the original Thellier–Thellier (TT) method and 100 with the IZZI method. We assess the performance of our selection criteria using a set of strict threshold values applied to a set of test data whose TRMs were acquired in known fields. Absolute palaeointensity determinations that passed our selection criteria were obtained on four specimens with the TT method and on 41 specimens with the IZZI method. Application of reliability criteria at a site level yielded palaeointensity results in 8 of 20 studied lava flows. We obtained median values of VADM between 28.9 and 45.6 ZAm2 for the reverse polarity lower Apnia section, while the normal polarity upper section displayed a single value of 54.6 ZAm2. The low palaeointensity values before a transitional direction lava flow and the higher value after it, suggest the common behaviour at the start of a polarity reversal and the recovery after it. However, an isolated record of a stable EMF, where the intensity is lower than the current for the same location (83.7 ZAm2), cannot be discarded. Consequently, this interpretation would support a weak time-averaged field.
Evaluating temporal stability of the New Zealand quasigeoid following the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake using satellite radar remote sensing
Authors: McCubbine J C , Stagpoole V , Caratori Tontini F , Featherstone W E , Garthwaite M C , Brown N J , Amos M J , Fukuda Y , Kazama T , Takiguchi H , Nishijima J 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY
Quasigeoid models can be determined from surface gravity anomalies, so are sensitive to changes in the shape of the topography as well as changes in gravity. Here we present results of forward modelling gravity/quasigeoid changes from synthetic aperture radar data following the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake with land uplift of up to 10 m. We assess the impact of the topographic deformation on the reference surface of the New Zealand vertical datum in lieu of costly field gravity field measurements. The most significant modelled gravity and quasigeoid changes are—2.9 mGal and 5–7 mm, respectively. We compare our forward modelled gravity signal to terrestrial gravity observation data and show that differences between the data sets have a standard deviation of ±0.1 mGal. The largest modelled change in the quasigeoid is an order of magnitude smaller than the 57.7 mm estimated precision of the most recently computed NZGeoid model over the Kaikōura region. Modelled quasigeoid changes implied by this particular deformation event are not statistically significant with respect to estimated precision of the New Zealand quasigeoid model.
A new method for absolute underground positioning based on transient electromagnetics
Authors: Malecki S , Börner R-U , Spitzer K 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY
We present a procedure for localizing underground positions using a time-domain inductive electromagnetic (EM) method. The position to be localized is associated with an EM receiver placed inside the Earth. An EM field is generated by one or more transmitters located at known positions at the Earth’s surface. We then invert the EM field data for the receiver positions using a trust-region algorithm.
For any given time regime and source–receiver geometry, the propagation of the electromagnetic fields is determined by the electrical conductivity distribution within the Earth. We show that it is sufficient to use a simple 1-D model to recover the receiver positions with reasonable accuracy. Generally, we demonstrate the robustness of the presented approach.
Using confidence ellipses and confidence intervals we assess the accuracy of the recovered location data. The proposed method has been extensively tested against synthetic data obtained by numerical experiments. Furthermore, we have successfully carried out a location recovery using field data. The field data were recorded within a borehole in Alberta (Canada) at 101.4 m depth. The recovered location of the borehole receiver differs from the actual location by 0.70 m in the horizontal plane and by 0.82 m in depth.
Detection and lexicographic treatment of salient features in e-dictionaries for African languages1
Authors: Prinsloo D J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As for many e-dictionaries across the globe, e-dictionaries for African languages embarked on the unfortunate route of being ‘paper dictionaries on computer’ often simply enhanced with additional search features or simply by perpetuating the practice followed in paper dictionaries of compiling e-dictionaries which are just translated word lists. In this article it will be argued that e-dictionaries for African languages should firstly be compiled through maximum utilization of ‘true electronic’ features enabled by the computer era. Secondly, specific attention should be given to the salient features of the Bantu language family, taking Sepedi (Northern Sotho) as a case in point. Thirdly attention is given to the issue of dictionary survival in the information era and how innovative e-support systems can contribute to ensure that future dictionaries will remain the preferred point of departure for users for information retrieval.
Blake, bubbles and boundary element methods
Authors: Ohl Siew-Wan , Bin Md. Rahim Md Haiqal Haqim , Klaseboer Evert , Cheong Khoo Boo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProfessor John Blake spent a considerable part of his scientific career on studying bubble dynamics and acoustic cavitation. As Blake was a mathematician, we will be focusing on the theoretical and numerical studies (and much less on experimental results). Rather than repeating what is essentially already known, we will try to present the results from a different perspective as much as possible. This review will also be of interest for readers who wish to know more about the boundary element method in general, which is a method often used by Blake and his colleagues to simulate bubbles. We will, however, not limit the discussion to bubble dynamics but try to give a broad discussion on recent advances and improvements to this method, especially for potential problems (Laplace) and wave equations (Helmholtz). Based on examples from Blake’s work, we will guide the reader and show some of the mysteries of bubble dynamics, such as why jets form in collapsing bubbles near rigid surfaces. Where appropriate, we will illustrate the concepts with examples drawn from numerical simulations and experiments.
Estimating the Global Prevalence, Disease Progression, and Clinical Outcome of Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection
Authors: Miao Zhijiang , Zhang Shaoshi , Ou Xumin , Li Shan , Ma Zhongren , Wang Wenshi , Peppelenbosch Maikel P , Liu Jiaye , Pan Qiuwei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) coinfects with hepatitis B virus (HBV) causing the most severe form of viral hepatitis. However, its exact global disease burden remains largely obscure. We aim to establish the global epidemiology, infection mode-stratified disease progression, and clinical outcome of HDV infection.

Methods
We conducted a meta-analysis with a random-effects model and performed data synthesis.

Results
The pooled prevalence of HDV is 0.80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–1.00) among the general population and 13.02% (95% CI, 11.96–14.11) among HBV carriers, corresponding to 48–60 million infections globally. Among HBV patients with fulminant hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma, HDV prevalence is 26.75% (95% CI, 19.84–34.29), 25.77% (95% CI, 20.62–31.27), and 19.80% (95% CI, 10.97–30.45), respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of HDV infection among HBV patients with chronic liver disease compared with asymptomatic controls is 4.55 (95% CI, 3.65–5.67). Hepatitis delta virus-coinfected patients are more likely to develop cirrhosis than HBV-monoinfected patients with OR of 3.84 (95% CI, 1.79–8.24). Overall, HDV infection progresses to cirrhosis within 5 years and to hepatocellular carcinoma within 10 years, on average.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that HDV poses a heavy global burden with rapid progression to severe liver diseases, urging effective strategies for screening, prevention, and treatment.
Comparative Study of Imputation Algorithms Applied to the Prediction of Student Performance
Authors: Crespo-Turrado Concepción , Casteleiro-Roca José Luis , Sánchez-Lasheras Fernando , López-Vázquez José Antonio , De Cos Juez Francisco Javier , Pérez Castelo Francisco Javier , Calvo-Rolle José Luis , Corchado Emilio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Student performance and its evaluation remain a serious challenge for education systems. Frequently, the recording and processing of students’ scores in a specific curriculum have several flaws for various reasons. In this context, the absence of data from some of the student scores undermines the efficiency of any future analysis carried out in order to reach conclusions. When this is the case, missing data imputation algorithms are needed. These algorithms are capable of substituting, with a high level of accuracy, the missing data for predicted values. This research presents the hybridization of an algorithm previously proposed by the authors called adaptive assignation algorithm (AAA), with a well-known technique called multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE). The results show how the suggested methodology outperforms both algorithms.
Insights into formation scenarios of massive early-type galaxies from spatially resolved stellar population analysis in CALIFA
Authors: Zibetti Stefano , Gallazzi Anna R , Hirschmann Michaela , Consolandi Guido , Falcón-Barroso Jesús , van de Ven Glenn , Lyubenova Mariya 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWe perform spatially resolved stellar population analysis for a sample of 69 early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the CALIFA integral field spectroscopic survey, including 48 ellipticals and 21 S0’s. We generate and quantitatively characterize profiles of light-weighted mean stellar age and metallicity within ≲2Re, as a function of radius and stellar-mass surface density μ*. We study in detail the dependence of profiles on galaxies’ global properties, including velocity dispersion σe, stellar mass, morphology. ETGs are universally characterized by strong, negative metallicity gradients ($\sim \!-0.3\, \text{dex}$ per Re) within 1Re, which flatten out moving towards larger radii. A quasi-universal local μ*–metallicity relation emerges, which displays a residual systematic dependence on σe, whereby higher σe implies higher metallicity at fixed μ*. Age profiles are typically U-shaped, with minimum around 0.4 Re, asymptotic increase to maximum ages beyond $\sim 1.5\, $Re, and an increase towards the centre. The depth of the minimum and the central increase anticorrelate with σe. A possible qualitative interpretation of these observations is a two-phase scenario. In the first phase, dissipative collapse occurs in the inner 1Re, establishing a negative metallicity gradient. The competition between the outside-in quenching due to feedback-driven winds and some form of inside-out quenching, possibly caused by central AGN feedback or dynamical heating, determines the U-shaped age profiles. In the second phase, the accretion of ex-situ stars from quenched and low-metallicity satellites shapes the flatter stellar population profiles in the outer regions.
A two-fluid model for black-hole accretion flows: Particle acceleration, outflows, and TeV emission
Authors: Lee Jason P , Becker Peter A 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The multi-wavelength spectrum observed from M87 extends from radio wavelengths up to TeV γ-ray energies. The radio through GeV components have been interpreted successfully using SSC models based on misaligned blazar jets, but the origin of the intense TeV emission detected during flares in 2004, 2005, and 2010 remains puzzling. It has been previously suggested that the TeV flares are produced when a relativistic proton jet originating in the core of M87 collides with a molecular cloud (or stellar atmosphere) located less than one parsec from the central black hole. We explore this scenario in detail here using a self-consistent model for the acceleration of relativistic protons in a shocked, two-fluid ADAF accretion disc. The relativistic protons accelerated in the disc escape to power the observed jet outflows. The distribution function for the jet protons is used to compute the TeV emission produced when the jet collides with a cloud or stellar atmosphere. The simulated broadband radiation spectrum includes radio, X-ray, and GeV components generated via synchrotron, as well as TeV emission generated via the production and decay of muons, positrons, and electrons. The self-consistency of the model is verified by computing the relativistic particle pressure using the distribution function, and comparing it with the relativistic particle pressure obtained from the hydrodynamical model. We demonstrate that the model is able to reproduce the multi-wavelength spectrum from M87 observed by VERITAS and HESS during the high-energy flares in 2004, 2005, and 2010.