bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Políticas públicas de promoción de salud en el contexto de la COVID-19, en Chile, una aproximación desde el análisis situacional
Authors: Ramírez-Pereira Mirliana , Pérez Abarca Ricardo , Machuca-Contreras Felipe 
Published: December 2020

Introducción: el 18 de octubre del 2019, Chile vivió el estallido social más grande desde el retorno a la democracia en 1988. En marzo se esperaba retomar con mayor fuerza las movilizaciones, pero con la confirmación del primer caso de COVID-19, el Gobierno de Chile inició una serie de medidas de tipo preventivo, diferentes a las definidas por otros países. Metodología: se presenta un análisis de las políticas públicas de promoción de salud adoptadas por Chile en el contexto de la COVID-19. Para esto se utiliza el análisis situacional de Adele Clarke, que incorpora la construcción de mapas situacionales, de mundos sociales y mapas de posición. Para efectos de esta investigación se construye el mapas situacional. Se incluye en el análisis documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Salud, discurso del Presidente de Chile, discursos del Ministerio de Salud. Resultados: las medidas adoptadas por el Gobierno de Chile incorporan alcances del tipo de cuarentenas parciales y controles sanitarios, estado de excepción constitucional, toque de queda, plan económico de emergencia, salud, educación, comercio, transporte, control de fronteras, eventos masivos, vacunación contra la influenza y adultos mayores. Conclusiones: según el análisis realizado, se observa un eje transversal de prioridades de medidas de tipo económico, con todas las implicancias sanitarias, sociales y políticas que se derivan.
The societal costs of problem gambling in Sweden
Authors: Hofmarcher T. , Romild U. , Spångberg J. , Persson U. , Håkansson A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundProblem gambling is a public health issue affecting both the gamblers, their families, their employers, and society as a whole. Recent law changes in Sweden oblige local and regional health authorities to invest more in prevention and treatment of problem gambling. The economic consequences of gambling, and thereby the potential economic consequences of policy changes in the area, are unknown, as the cost of problem gambling to society has remained largely unexplored in Sweden and similar settings.MethodsA prevalence-based cost-of-illness study for Sweden for the year 2018 was conducted. A societal approach was chosen in order to include direct costs (such as health care and legal costs), indirect costs (such as lost productivity due to unemployment), and intangible costs (such as reduced quality of life due to emotional distress). Costs were estimated by combining epidemiological and unit cost data.ResultsThe societal costs of problem gambling amounted to 1.42 billion euros in 2018, corresponding to 0.30% of the gross domestic product. Direct costs accounted only for 13% of the total costs. Indirect costs accounted for more than half (59%) of the total costs, while intangible costs accounted for 28%. The societal costs were more than twice as high as the tax revenue from gambling in 2018. Direct and indirect costs of problem gambling combined amounted to one third of the equivalent costs of smoking and one sixth of the costs of alcohol consumption in Sweden.ConclusionsProblem gambling is increasingly recognized as a public health issue. The societal costs of it are not negligible, also in relation to major public health issues of an addictive nature such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Direct costs for prevention and treatment are very low. A stronger focus on prevention and treatment might help to reduce many of the very high indirect and intangible costs in the future.
Inertial sensor-based gait parameters reflect patient-reported fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ibrahim Alzhraa A. , Küderle Arne , Gaßner Heiko , Klucken Jochen , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Kluge Felix 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease affecting the central nervous system and consequently the whole body’s functional systems resulting in different gait disorders. Fatigue is the most common symptom in MS with a prevalence of 80%. Previous research studied the relation between fatigue and gait impairment using stationary gait analysis systems and short gait tests (e.g. timed 25 ft walk). However, wearable inertial sensors providing gait data from longer and continuous gait bouts have not been used to assess the relation between fatigue and gait parameters in MS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fatigue and spatio-temporal gait parameters extracted from wearable foot-worn sensors and to predict the degree of fatigue.

Methods
Forty-nine patients with MS (32 women; 17 men; aged 41.6 years, EDSS 1.0–6.5) were included where each participant was equipped with a small Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) on each foot. Spatio-temporal gait parameters were obtained from the 6-min walking test, and the Borg scale of perceived exertion was used to represent fatigue. Gait parameters were normalized by taking the difference of averaged gait parameters between the beginning and end of the test to eliminate inter-individual differences. Afterwards, normalized parameters were transformed to principle components that were used as input to a Random Forest regression model to formulate the relationship between gait parameters and fatigue.

Results
Six principal components were used as input to our model explaining more than 90% of variance within our dataset. Random Forest regression was used to predict fatigue. The model was validated using 10-fold cross validation and the mean absolute error was 1.38 points. Principal components consisting mainly of stride time, maximum toe clearance, heel strike angle, and stride length had large contributions (67%) to the predictions made by the Random Forest.

Conclusions
The level of fatigue can be predicted based on spatio-temporal gait parameters obtained from an IMU based system. The results can help therapists to monitor fatigue before and after treatment and in rehabilitation programs to evaluate their efficacy. Furthermore, this can be used in home monitoring scenarios where therapists can monitor fatigue using IMUs reducing time and effort of patients and therapists.
Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HHT patients: nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal swab
Authors: Pagella Fabio , Lizzio Roberta , Ugolini Sara , Spinozzi Giuseppe , Maiorano Eugenia , Suppressa Patrizia , Sabbà Carlo , Matti Elina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOn March 11, 2020, WHO has defined the novel coronavirus disease SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic that still today continues to affect much of the world. Among the reasons for the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is the role of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic carriers. Therefore diagnostic testing is central to contain the global pandemic. Up to now real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-based molecular assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens is the current reference standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. Based on current knowledge regarding the sensitivity of the molecular test, the highest positive detection rate is from lower respiratory tract specimens; alternatively it is possible to perform a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab. Nasopharyngeal swab is the preferred choice for SARS-CoV-2 testing since it seems to have a greater sensitivity; however the procedure is not always free of complications and an epistaxis can occur. Among patients with greatest risk of massive nosebleed there are HHT patients. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is an autosomal dominant disease that leads to multiregional mucocutanous telangiectases and visceral arteriovenous malformations. Clinically, the presence of telangiectases in nasal mucosa is the cause of recurrent epistaxis. In HHT patients the execution of the nasopharyngeal swab can determine from little or no consequences to a massive epistaxis leading to the necessity of nasal packing generally followed by hospital admission. In HHT patients undergoing a diagnostic test to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 infection status, especially in those patients with frequent epistaxis with a history of anemia and repeated hospitalizations, it is therefore advisable to perform an oropharyngeal swab. This, compared to the nasopharyngeal swab, exposes to a lower risk of severe nosebleeds related treatments, such as blood transfusions or invasive procedures. According to the risk-benefit assessment and based on our experience, we consider that, despite a lower diagnostic sensitivity, oropharyngeal swab is preferable to nasopharyngeal swab for the diagnosis of SARS CoV-2 infection in patients with HHT.
Metabolic substrate utilization in stress-induced immune cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Zink Fabian , Hezel Felix , Vogt Josef , Wachter Ulrich , Wepler Martin , Loconte Maurizio , Kranz Christine , Hellmann Andreas , Mizaikoff Boris , Radermacher Peter , Hartmann Clair 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImmune cell activation leads to the acquisition of new functions, such as proliferation, chemotaxis, and cytokine production. These functional changes require continuous metabolic adaption in order to sustain ATP homeostasis for sufficient host defense. The bioenergetic demands are usually met by the interconnected metabolic pathways glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from glucose, other sources, such as fatty acids and glutamine, are able to fuel the TCA cycle.Rising evidence has shown that cellular metabolism has a direct effect on the regulation of immune cell functions. Thus, quiescent immune cells maintain a basal metabolic state, which shifts to an accelerated metabolic level upon immune cell activation in order to promote key effector functions.This review article summarizes distinct metabolic signatures of key immune cell subsets from quiescence to activation and demonstrates a methodical concept of how to assess cellular metabolic pathways. It further discusses why metabolic functions are of rising interest for translational research and how they can be affected by the underlying pathophysiological condition and/or therapeutic interventions.
Fluids in ARDS: more pros than cons
Authors: Mendes Renata de S. , Pelosi Paolo , Schultz Marcus J. , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Silva Pedro L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), increased pulmonary vascular permeability makes the lung vulnerable to edema. The use of conservative as compared to liberal fluid strategies may increase the number of ventilator-free days and survival, as well as reduce organ dysfunction. Monitoring the effects of fluid administration is of the utmost importance; dynamic indexes, such as stroke volume and pulse pressure variations, outperform static ones, such as the central venous pressure. The passive leg raise and end-expiratory occlusion tests are recommended for guiding fluid management decisions. The type of intravenous fluids should also be taken into consideration: crystalloids, colloids, and human albumin have all been used for fluid resuscitation. Recent studies have also shown differences in outcome between balanced and non-balanced intravenous solutions. In preclinical studies, infusion of albumin promotes maintenance of the glycocalyx layer, reduces inflammation, and improves alveolar-capillary membrane permeability. Fluids in ARDS must be administered cautiously, considering hemodynamic and perfusion status, oncotic and hydrostatic pressures, ARDS severity, fluid type, volume and infusion rate, and cardiac and renal function. Of note, no guideline to date has recommended a specific fluid composition for use in ARDS; most physicians currently follow recommendations for sepsis.
H2S in acute lung injury: a therapeutic dead end(?)
Authors: Merz Tamara , Denoix Nicole , Wepler Martin , Gäßler Holger , Messerer David A. C. , Hartmann Clair , Datzmann Thomas , Radermacher Peter , McCook Oscar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis review addresses the plausibility of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and circulatory shock, by contrasting the promising preclinical results to the present clinical reality. The review discusses how the narrow therapeutic window and width, and potentially toxic effects, the route, dosing, and timing of administration all have to be balanced out very carefully. The development of standardized methods to determine in vitro and in vivo H2S concentrations, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of H2S-releasing compounds is a necessity to facilitate the safety of H2S-based therapies. We suggest the potential of exploiting already clinically approved compounds, which are known or unknown H2S donors, as a surrogate strategy.
Clinical and psychological phenomenology of pain in autoinflammatory diseases
Authors: Mulazzani Elisabeth , Zolyniak Nicole , Noe Elisabeth , Mulazzani Matthias , Azad Shahnaz Christina , Kümpfel Tania , Kraft Eduard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Pain is the clinical hallmark of patients in patients with autoinflammatory diseases (AID) caused by variants of the NLRP3-, MEFV- or TNFRSF1A gene. However, no systematical analysis of the clinical and psychological presentation of pain has been performed to date.

Methods
Twenty-one symptomatic patients with variants in the NLRP3-, MEFV- and TNFRSF1A gene and clinical signs suggestive of an AID were retrospectively included in this monocentric cross-sectional case-series study. Patients were examined and interviewed using the German pain questionnaire. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was applied to screen patients for anxiety and depression.

Results
Twenty out of 21 AID patients (95%) reported pain at the time of examination. Mean current pain intensity in all AID patients comprised 3.6 ± 1.3 and mean maximum pain intensity was 7.0 ± 1.6 on a 11-point numeric ranging scale (NRS). In 15 patients (71%), pain was present for more than 60 months. Ten patients (48%) experienced recurrent attacks with asymptomatic intervals and 7 patients (33%) suffered from constant pain, while 4 patients (19%) experienced both. Nociceptive pain including musculoskeletal and visceral affection was the most prominent type of pain (n = 20; 95%). Pain symptoms were treated continuously with analgesic or co-analgesic drugs in 10 patients (48%). Five patients (24%) have been positively screened for concomitant depression or anxiety.

Conclusions
Early and prompt diagnosis is necessary to provide multimodal pain treatment and to avoid the development of chronic pain in patients with AID.
Critical slowing down indicators
Authors: Nazarimehr Fahimeh , Jafari Sajad , Perc Matjaž , Sprott Julien C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCritical slowing down is considered to be an important indicator for predicting critical transitions in dynamical systems. Researchers have used it prolifically in the fields of ecology, biology, sociology, and finance. When a system approaches a critical transition or a tipping point, it returns more slowly to its stable attractor under small perturbations. The return time to the stable state can thus be used as an index, which shows whether a critical change is near or not. Based on this phenomenon, many methods have been proposed to determine tipping points, especially in biological and social systems, for example, related to epidemic spreading, cardiac arrhythmias, or even population collapse. In this perspective, we briefly review past research dedicated to critical slowing down indicators and associated tipping points, and we outline promising directions for future research.
Ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions: a method for their development
Authors: Wright Alison J. , Norris Emma , Finnerty Ailbhe N. , Marques Marta M. , Johnston Marie , Kelly Michael P. , Hastings Janna , West Robert , Michie Susan 
Published: December 2020

Background: Behaviour and behaviour change are integral to many aspects of wellbeing and sustainability. However, reporting behaviour change interventions accurately and synthesising evidence about effective interventions is hindered by lacking a shared, scientific terminology to describe intervention characteristics. Ontologies are standardised frameworks that provide controlled vocabularies to help unify and connect scientific fields. To date, there is no published guidance on the specific methods required to develop ontologies relevant to behaviour change. We report the creation and refinement of a method for developing ontologies that make up the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). Aims: (1) To describe the development method of the BCIO and explain its rationale; (2) To provide guidance on implementing the activities within the development method. Method and results: The method for developing ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions was constructed by considering principles of good practice in ontology development and identifying key activities required to follow those principles. The method’s details were refined through application to developing two ontologies. The resulting ontology development method involved: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying key entities; (3) refining the ontology through an iterative process of literature annotation, discussion and revision; (4) expert stakeholder review; (5) testing inter-rater reliability; (6) specifying relationships between entities, and; (7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology. Guidance is provided for conducting relevant activities for each step. Conclusions: We have developed a detailed method for creating ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions, together with practical guidance for each step, reflecting principles of good practice in ontology development. The most novel aspects of the method are the use of formal mechanisms for literature annotation and expert stakeholder review to develop and improve the ontology content. We suggest the mnemonic SELAR3, representing the method’s first six steps as Scope, Entities, Literature Annotation, Review, Reliability, Relationships.
Jogos de computador como estratégia de ensino de vocabulário de língua inglesa
Authors: Zanoni da Silva Ana Maria 
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho demonstra os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos do quarto ano do ensino fundamental da escola Municipal Vicente de Paula, localizada em Frutal/MG, cujo objetivo foi trabalhar a aquisição de vocabulário em língua inglesa por meio de jogos de computador disponíveis na internet. Com base nos critérios de interação entre o aluno, o computador e o jogo, conteúdo lexical, visibilidade da ação e autocorreção, optou-se pelos jogos: Word Surch; Memory game, Number Race. Os resultados mostram criação de contextos significativos nos quais houve a aproximação do aluno com uso concreto do idioma, a reflexão sobre o sistema alfabético e a correspondência grafo-fônica e o exercício das habilidade de listening, writing e speaking de forma prazerosa e reflexiva.
Phase retrieval from the FTIR transmittance spectrum of thick materials with anchoring points in THz-TDS measurement
Authors: Cao Lei , Yin Zhengya , Xia Huiting 
Published: December 2020

Extraction of the refractive index for optically thick and low-loss materials with a single Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) transmittance spectrum becomes difficult with the conventional root-finding method at THz frequencies. A phase-retrieval method was proposed based on Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations with anchoring points from independently measured transmission data in THz-TDS. Two approaches, i.e., multiply subtractive K-K relations and fast Fourier transform, were utilized to successfully obtain the phase spectrum for 3.52 mm TPX and 1.08 mm crystal quartz with two and three anchoring points, respectively. The results agree with the phase from TDS in the overlapped frequency range from 1.5 to 4.5 THz. An iterative optimization algorithm was finally employed to extract the refractive index of the two materials with amplitude and retrieved the phase spectrum of the transmitted signal within the FTIR measured frequency range.
The interpreters’ point of view on ELF at the European Commission: “A completely uneven playing field”
Authors: Scardulla Cristina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of English as a Lingua Franca is a promising solution to the overcoming of language barriers in a wide variety of contexts and, despite being formally governed by the principle of multilingualism, the European institutions are no exception. This paper aims at shedding light on the perception on the use of ELF within the European Commission, by presenting the results of a questionnaire carried out within the framework of a broader PhD project. The target population is that of interpreters working for the European Commission. The analysis focuses on two specific questions, which address interpreters in their role as communication experts, inviting them to momentarily set aside their opinion on the relationship between ELF and interpretation and rather assess ELF in terms of “communicative effectiveness,” considered as an essential component to a successful communication. Results confirm previous ITELF (Interpreting, Translation and English as a Lingua Franca) studies, in that interpreters believe that ELF tends to decrease the level of communicative effectiveness and that, based on their direct experience, less than half of the speakers in these meetings succeed at expressing themselves effectively when using ELF. Most importantly, they elaborate on what this loss of effectiveness entails in terms of communication quality, interlocutors’ participation rights and multilingualism.
On the convergence of Dirichlet series in boundary points of convergence domain
Authors: Kabaila V. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
В. Кабайла. Заметка о сходимости ряда Дирихле на границе области сходимости
V. Kabaila. Apie Dirichlė eilutės konvergavimą konvergencijos srities kontūro taškuose
The axiomatic definitions of some group decision rules
Authors: Morkeliūnas A. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
А. И. Моркелюнас. Аксиоматическое определение некоторых групповых решений
A. Morkeliūnas. Kai kurių grupinių sprendimų aksiomatiniai apibrėžimai
One theorem on the rate of convergence in the central limit theorem
Authors: Paulauskas V. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
В. Паулаускас. Одна теорема о скорости сходимости в центральной предельной теореме
V. Paulauskas. Viena teorema apie konvergavimo greitį centrinėje ribinėje teoremoje
Nicht korrekte Aufgaben in dem hilbertschen Raume für lineare Gleichungen mit nicht beschränkten linearen Operatoren
Authors: Kuneikaitė B. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
Б. Кунейкайте. Решение некорректной задачи для линейного уравнения с линейным неограниченным симметрическим оператором в гильбертовом пространстве
B. Kuneikaitė. Nekorektiško uždavinio su tiesiniu neaprėžtu simetriniu operatoriumi tiesinėms lygtims Hilberto erdvėje sprendimas
Existence of the eigenvalues of one differential operator dependent on parameter
Authors: Degutis J. , Strelicas Š. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
Ш. И. Стрелиц, Ю. Э. Дегутис. Об одном методе доказательства существования собственных значений для одного дифференциального оператора с краевыми условиями, зависящими от параметра
J. Degutis, S. Strelicas. Vieno diferencialinio operatoriaus, priklausančio nuo parametro, nuosavų reikšmių egzistavimas