bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Century Impacts of Ice Sheet Retreat on Sea Level and Ocean Tides in Hudson Bay
Authors: Hayden A.‐M. , Wilmes S.‐B. , Gomez N. , Green J. A. M. , Pan L. , Han H. , Golledge N. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPast and modern large‐scale ice sheet loss results in geographically variable sea level changes. At present, in Hudson Bay, Canada, sea level is decreasing due to glacial isostatic adjustment, which represents a departure from the globally averaged sea level rise. However, there are large uncertainties in future sea level trends with further polar ice sheet retreat in the coming centuries. Sea level changes affect ocean tides considerably because tides are highly sensitive to changes in bathymetry. Here, we present multi‐century sea level projections associated with a suite of past and future ice loss scenarios and consider the impact of these changes on ocean tides using an established tidal model. Modern tides in Hudson Bay are poorly resolved due to large uncertainties in bathymetry. To establish an initial condition for our simulations, we constrain bathymetry in the bay using tide observations. Due to gravitational, Earth rotational and deformational effects, Greenland ice loss will produce a small sea level fall in the bay, while Antarctic ice loss will produce a larger than average sea level rise. Our results show that the response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change strongly impacts the magnitude and sign of future sea level and tidal amplitude changes in the region, with the largest changes predicted in Hudson Strait and Foxe Basin. We emphasize that further constraints on bathymetry and accurate projections of sea level and tides in Hudson Bay are imperative for assessing the associated impacts on coastal communities and ecosystems.
Observed Impacts of COVID‐19 on Urban CO2 Emissions
Authors: Turner Alexander J. , Kim Jinsol , Fitzmaurice Helen , Newman Catherine , Worthington Kevin , Chan Katherine , Wooldridge Paul J. , Köehler Philipp , Frankenberg Christian , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGovernments restricted mobility and effectively shuttered much of the global economy in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Six San Francisco Bay Area counties were the first region in the United States to issue a “shelter‐in‐place” order asking non‐essential workers to stay home. Here we use CO2 observations from 35 Berkeley Environment, Air‐quality and CO2 Network (BEACO2N) nodes and an atmospheric transport model to quantify changes in urban CO2 emissions due to the order. We infer hourly emissions at 900‐m spatial resolution for 6 weeks before and 6 weeks during the order. We observe a 30% decrease in anthropogenic CO2 emissions during the order and show that this decrease is primarily due to changes in traffic (–48%) with pronounced changes to daily and weekly cycles; non‐traffic emissions show small changes (–8%). These findings provide a glimpse into a future with reduced CO2 emissions through electrification of vehicles.
Establishment of Conceptual Schemas of Surface Synoptic Meteorological Situations Affecting Fine Particulate Pollution Across Eastern China in the Winter
Authors: Hou Xuewei , Zhu Bin , Kumar Kanike Raghavendra , de Leeuw Gerrit , Lu Wen , Huang Qian , Zhu Xiaoxin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the characteristics of weather conditions and local meteorological variables over the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions in the winter are analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) method and daily PM2.5 accumulation rate. Typical synoptic weather patterns over China in the winter can be classified into four types. During the Type 1 synoptic weather pattern, China is under the influence of the Siberian High, and northerly winds prevail; this situation is beneficial to the transport of pollutants from north to south. However, when the Siberian High is weak, southerly winds prevail which may result in the transport of pollutants from south to north. The Type 2 weather pattern refers to a weak high pressure located in the BTH resulting in the accumulation of pollutants. During the Type 3 weather pattern, an intense cold Siberian High moves to the south and affects the northern areas of China. The associated front brings heavy precipitation in the YRD resulting in the wet deposition of pollution. During the Type 4 weather condition, the weak Siberian High is blocked by the northeast cold vortex and moves towards the south, causing the accumulation of pollution in the YRD. The PCA model shows that there are two transport pathways for pollutants to the BTH (YRD) area: one from the YRD (BTH) and Shandong during Types 1 and 2 (Types 1 and 3) situations and the other one from the central provinces during Type 4 (Types 1 and 4).
Retrievals of High‐Latitude Surface Emissivity Across the Infrared From High‐Altitude Aircraft Flights
Authors: Murray Jonathan E. , Brindley Helen E. , Fox Stuart , Bellisario Christophe , Pickering Juliet C. , Fox Cathryn , Harlow Chawn , Smith Maureen , Anderson Doug , Huang Xianglei , Chen Xiuhong , Last Alan , Bantges Richard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present retrievals of infrared spectral surface emissivities spanning the far infrared and mid‐infrared from aircraft observations over Greenland, taken at an altitude of 9.2 km above sea level. We describe the flight campaign, available measurements, and the retrieval method. The principal barriers to reducing uncertainty in the emissivity retrievals are found to be instrumental noise and our ability to simultaneously retrieve the underlying surface temperature. However, our results indicate that using the instrumentation available to us it is possible to retrieve emissivities from altitude with an uncertainty of ~0.02 or better across much of the infrared. They confirm that the far‐infrared emissivity of snow and ice surfaces can depart substantially from unity, reaching values as low as 0.9 between 400 and 450 cm−1. They also show good consistency with retrievals from the same flight made from near‐surface observations giving confidence in the methodology used and the results obtained for this more challenging viewing configuration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that far‐infrared surface emissivity has been retrieved from altitude and demonstrates that the methodology has the potential to be extended to planned satellite far‐infrared missions.
Understanding the Eco‐Geomorphologic Feedback of Coastal Marsh Under Sea Level Rise: Vegetation Dynamic Representations, Processes Interaction, and Parametric Sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Yu , Rowland Joel C. , Xu Chonggang , Wolfram Phillip J. , Svyatsky Daniil , Moulton J. David , Cao Zhendong , Marani Marco , D'Alpaos Andrea , Pasqualini Donatella 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA growing number of coastal eco‐geomorphologic modeling studies have been conducted to understand coastal marsh evolution under sea‐level rise (SLR). Although these models quantify marsh topographic change as a function of sedimentation and erosion, their representations of vegetation dynamics that control organic sedimentation differ. How vegetation dynamic schemes contribute to simulation outcomes is not well quantified. Additionally, the sensitivity of modeling outcomes to parameter selection in the available formulations has not been rigorously tested to date, especially under the influence of an accelerating SLR. In this study, we used a coastal eco‐geomorphologic model with different vegetation dynamic schemes to investigate the eco‐geomorphologic feedbacks of coastal marshes and parametric sensitivity under SLR scenarios. We found that marsh platform relief increased with SLR rate. The simulations with different vegetation schemes exhibited different spatial‐temporal variations in elevation and biomass. The nonlinearSpartinascheme presented the most resilient prediction with generally the highest marsh accretion and vegetation biomass, and the least elevation relief under SLR. But the linearSpartinascheme predicts the lowest unvegetated‐vegetated ratio. We also found that vegetation‐related parameters and sediment diffusivity, which were not well measured or discussed in previous studies, were identified as some of the most critical parameters. Additionally, the model sensitivity to vegetation‐related parameters increased with SLR rates. The identified most sensitive parameters may inform how to appropriately choose modeling representations of key processes and parameters for different coastal marsh landscapes under SLR and demonstrate the importance of future field measurements of these key parameters.
Prognostic factors for survival after allogeneic transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Greil C. , Engelhardt M. , Ihorst G. , Duque-Afonso J. , Shoumariyeh K. , Bertz H. , Marks R. , Zeiser R. , Duyster J. , Finke J. , Wäsch R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAllogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) offers a curative option in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Prognostic factors for survival after allo-SCT have not been sufficiently defined: pheno-/genotype, patients´ age, conditioning regimens and remission at allo-SCT are under discussion. We analyzed the outcome of 180 consecutive adult ALL-patients undergoing allo-SCT at our center between 1995 and 2018 to identify specific prognostic factors. In our cohort 19% were older than 55 years, 28% had Philadelphia-positive B-ALL, 24% T-ALL. 54% were transplanted in first complete remission (CR1), 13% in CR2 after salvage therapy, 31% reached no remission (8% within first-line, 23% within salvage therapy). In 66% conditioning contained total body irradiation (TBI). With a median follow-up of 10 years, we observed an overall survival of 33% at 10 years, and a progression free survival of 31%. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 41% at 10 years, the cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality 28%. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) II°–IV° occurred in 31%, moderate/severe chronic GvHD in 27%. Survival was better in patients reaching CR before allo-SCT and in those receiving TBI. No difference between patients younger/older than 55 years and between different phenotypes was observed. Survival after allo-SCT improved considerably over the last decades.
Ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle control and tumorigenesis
Authors: Dang Fabin , Nie Li , Wei Wenyi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCell cycle progression is a tightly regulated process by which DNA replicates and cell reproduces. The major driving force underlying cell cycle progression is the sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which is achieved in part by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of their cyclin partners and kinase inhibitors (CKIs). In eukaryotic cells, two families of E3 ubiquitin ligases, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein complex, are responsible for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of many of these CDK regulators, ensuring cell cycle progresses in a timely and precisely regulated manner. In the past couple of decades, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that the dysregulated cell cycle transition caused by inefficient proteolytic control leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and finally results in tumorigenesis. Based upon this notion, targeting the E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle regulation is expected to provide novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Thus, a better understanding of the diversity and complexity of ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle regulation will shed new light on the precise control of the cell cycle progression and guide anticancer drug development.
OPA1 and MICOS Regulate mitochondrial crista dynamics and formation
Authors: Hu Chao , Shu Li , Huang Xiaoshuai , Yu Jianglong , Li liuju , Gong Longlong , Yang Meigui , Wu Zhida , Gao Zhi , Zhao Yungang , Chen Liangyi , Song Zhiyin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMitochondrial cristae are the main site for oxidative phosphorylation, which is critical for cellular energy production. Upon different physiological or pathological stresses, mitochondrial cristae undergo remodeling to reprogram mitochondrial function. However, how mitochondrial cristae are formed, maintained, and remolded is still largely unknown due to the technical challenges of tracking mitochondrial crista dynamics in living cells. Here, using live-cell Hessian structured illumination microscopy combined with transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy, and three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction, we show, in living cells, that mitochondrial cristae are highly dynamic and undergo morphological changes, including elongation, shortening, fusion, division, and detachment from the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane (IBM). In addition, we find that OPA1, Yme1L, MICOS, and Sam50, along with the newly identified crista regulator ATAD3A, control mitochondrial crista dynamics. Furthermore, we discover two new types of mitochondrial crista in dysfunctional mitochondria, “cut-through crista” and “spherical crista”, which are formed due to incomplete mitochondrial fusion and dysfunction of the MICOS complex. Interestingly, cut-through crista can convert to “lamellar crista”. Overall, we provide a direct link between mitochondrial crista formation and mitochondrial crista dynamics.
Excitonic enhancement of colour emission and Förster resonance energy transfer in chemically synthesized Mn-doped ZnS nanomaterials
Authors: Kumari Lakshmi , Kar Asit Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Excitons are created in Zn1−xMnxS under photo-excitation. A fraction of the excitons transfers their energy to ZnS's intrinsic traps, generating blue emission, whereas the remaining excitons are utilized to excite Mn2+ ions, showing orange emission.
Performance enhancement of hybrid‐SIM for optical wireless downlink communication with aperture averaging and receiver diversity
Authors: Dubey Dheeraj , Prajapati Yogendra Kumar , Tripathi Rajeev 
Published: October 2020

Error performance of hybrid subcarrier intensity modulation (hybrid‐SIM) in optical free‐space satellite downlink has been studied in this work. Bit error rate (BER) is improved by aperture averaging and spatial receiver diversity and it is found out be effective in strong turbulence regime. Subsequently, the reduction in scintillation index has been investigated by implementing a single large receiver and an array of point receivers of length with the same effective aperture area. Moreover, the BER at different turbulence conditions is compared with minimum shift keying and multiple levels of pulse position modulation pertaining to aperture averaging. Upon analysing the single input multiple outputs (SIMO) system, the desired response is obtained above a certain threshold in average received irradiance. At different zenith angles and turbulence strengths for , the threshold is 4.59 and 3.35 dB, respectively, and it rises by 13.6 and 26.43 dB when is increased to 9. This constraint can be exploited to optimise the number of receivers concerning system requirement and availability. Further, the pointing error effects are also investigated for SISO and SIMO systems, which takes into account both atmospheric turbulence and misalignment induced fading.
Design and fabrication methodology for industrial broadband high power amplifiers
Authors: Alekajbaf Yasin , Masoumi Nasser , Safavi‐Naeini Safieddin 
Published: October 2020

This study presents a design and fabrication methodology for industrial broadband high power amplifiers (HPAs). The proposed method considers design constraints for broadband HPAs and parasitic effects arising from the fabrication process. This method is based on power combining networks (PCNs) whose characteristics such as power handling constraints, insertion loss, and bandwidth depend on the employed structure. Another important set of challenges is the technical faults and parasitics that occur during the fabrication process such as inequalities among different paths of PCNs, active and passive inherent mismatches, and many uncertainties in the fabrication and integration of a complicated large system. As such, the authors introduce a model for estimating the effects of path inequalities using a Gaussian function. For validation of the proposed methodology, a 2–6 GHz, 50 dBm output power broadband HPA system, which satisfies IEC‐61000‐4‐3 RF radiant immunity measurement, was designed and fabricated. Furthermore, the measurement results exhibit the power‐added efficiency of 10–28% and 48–51 dBm output power in the frequency bandwidth 2–6 GHz, which verify the capability of the proposed method for reliable estimation of the fabrication parasitics.
Tri‐band radar cross‐section reduction based on optimised multi‐element phase cancellation
Authors: Su Jianxun , Yu Hang , Yu Jiayong , Guo Qingxin , Li Zengrui 
Published: October 2020

This study presents a planar single‐layer metasurface, with tri‐band 10 dB radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction under normal incidence for both polarisations, by employing optimised multi‐element phase cancellation. The designed artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) unit cell is composed of an upper metal structure, a dielectric layer, and a bottom metal ground. When the dielectric constant and thickness of the substrate are fixed, regardless of any upper structure, the reflection coefficients of AMC are the same as the perfect electric conductor (PEC) at the short‐circuit frequencies. Taking into account the multiple reduction bands that avoid short‐circuit frequencies, a RCS reduction surface with a large frequency ratio is achieved. The optimised planar metasurface obtains 10 dB RCS reduction in the tri‐band frequency (3.81–7.33, 19.16–22.83, and 35.63–38.37 GHz) with bandwidths of 63, 17, and 7.4%, respectively. Moreover, the bistatic scattering patterns between the proposed surface and the equal‐sized PEC are investigated. The theoretically predicted, simulated, and measured results are in good agreement and provide a new strategy for achieving multi‐band RCS reduction.
Substrate integrated waveguide dispersive delay structure based on wave trapping
Authors: Nazemi‐Rafi Hossein , Movahhedi Masoud 
Published: October 2020

A dispersive delay structure (DDS) is a device that creates a specified group delay function over frequency bandwidth. In this study, the idea of trapping the electromagnetic waves in a feedback loop is proposed to achieve higher group delay swing. The proposed structure includes two transmission lines and two junctions that act as power divider/combiner. The transmission lines can be either dispersive or non‐dispersive. The group delay in the proposed configuration is proportional to the injected power into the feedback loop. So, an increase in the group delay swing can be done by improving the junctions or by adding more feedback loops to the structure. Based on this configuration, a novel DDS, using the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line, is introduced. According to the experimental results, the proposed device with a relatively compact size creates high group delay swings (9 ns), and its insertion loss is about 7 dB.
Assessment of Preoperative Endometrial Histopathological Sampling as a Predictor of Final Surgical Pathology in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Piotto Mario Augusto Silveira Bueno , Focchi Gustavo Rubino de Azevedo , Marques Renato Moretti , Teixeira Andressa Melina Severino , Gonçalves Wagner José , Nicolau Sergio Mancini 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the agreement between the histopathological diagnoses of preoperative endometrial samples and surgical specimens and correlate the agreement between the diagnoses with the impact on surgical management and the survival of patients with endometrial adenocarcinomas.
Methods Sixty-two patients treated for endometrial cancer at a university hospital from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. The histopathological findings of preoperative endometrial samples and of surgical specimens were analyzed. The patients were subjected to hysterectomy as well as adjuvant treatment, if necessary, and clinical follow-up, according to the institutional protocol. Lesions were classified as endometrioid tumor (type 1) grades 1, 2, or 3 or non-endometrioid carcinoma (type 2).
Results The agreement between the histopathological diagnoses based on preoperative endometrial samples and surgical specimens was fair (Kappa: 0.40; p < 0.001). However, the agreement was very significant for tumor type and grade, in which a higher concordance occurred at a higher grade. The percentage of patients with lymph nodes affected was 19.2%. Although most patients presenting with disease remission or cure were in the early stages (90.5%), there were no significant differences between those patients who had a misdiagnosis (11/16; 68.8%) and those who had a correct diagnosis (25/33; 75.8%) based on preoperative endometrial sampling (p = 0.605).
Conclusion Our findings corroborate the literature and confirm the under staging of preoperative endometrial samples based on histopathological assessment, especially for lower grade endometrial tumors. We suggest that the preoperative diagnosis should be complemented with other methods to better plan the surgical management strategy.
Clinical Procedures for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moura Nádya Santos , Gomes Maria Luziene Sousa , Rodrigues Ivana Rios , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , Costa Fabrício Silva , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective To identify the most effective procedures recommended for the prevention of preeclampsia.
Data Sources A systematic review was performed in the following databases: Pubmed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). A manual search was also performed to find additional references. The risk of bias, the quality of the evidence, and the classification of the strength of the recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.
Selection of Studies In the initial search in the databases, the total number of articles retrieved was 351, and 2 were retrieved through the manual search; after duplicate articles were removed, 333 citations remained. After a thorough review of the titles and abstracts, 315 references were excluded. Accordingly, 18 articles were maintained for selection of the complete text (phase 2). This process led to the exclusion of 6 studies. In total, 12 articles were selected for data extraction and qualitative synthesis.
Data Collection The articles selected for the study were analyzed, and we inserted the synthesis of the evidence in the online software GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool (GDT) (McMaster University and Evidence Prime Inc. All right reserved. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontário, Canada); thus, it was possible to develop a table of evidence, with the quality of the evidence and the classification of the strength of the recommendations.
Data Synthesis In total, seven studies recommended the individual use of aspirin, or aspirin combined with calcium, heparin or dipyridamole. The use of calcium alone or in combination with phytonutrients was also highlighted. All of the studies were with women at a high risk of developing preeclampsia.
Conclusion According to the studies evaluated, the administration of aspirin is still the best procedure to be used in the clinical practice to prevent preeclampsia.