bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between cardiac enzyme elevation and clinical prognosis of neurosurgical and neurocritically ill patients
Authors: Lee Jung Hwa , Lee Yun Im , Ahn Joonghyun , Ryu Jeong-Am 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

To investigate whether cardiac troponin (cTn) elevation is associated with in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in neurosurgical and neurocritically ill patients.
Methods

Among neurosurgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2019, those whose serum cTnI levels were obtained within 7 days after ICU admission were included. Propensity score matching was used. Each patient with cTnI elevation was matched to one of control patients. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was MACE.
Results

cTnI elevation was shown in 702 (11.7%) of 6,004 patients. After propensity score matching, 617 pairs of data were generated by 1:1 individual matching without replacement. Rates of in-hospital mortality in the overall population and the propensity score-matched population were higher for patients with cTnI elevation than for those without cTnI elevation (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, MACEs were more common in patients with cTnI elevation than in those without cTnI elevation in the overall population and the propensity score-matched population (both p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis of overall and propensity score-matched population, cTnI elevation were associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–3.95 and adjusted OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.20–2.62, respectively). In addition, cTnI elevation were associated with MACE (adjusted OR: 3.75, 95% CI: 2.43–5.78 and adjusted OR: 4.04, 95% CI: 2.24–7.29, respectively). In survival analysis, the mortality rate of patients with cTnI elevation was significantly higher than in those without cTnI elevation for the propensity score-matched population (28.8% vs. 19.3%, log-rank test, p < 0.001).
Conclusions

In this study, cTnI elevation was associated with in-hospital mortality and MACEs in neurosurgical and neurocritically ill patients.
C6-Ceramide Induces Apoptosis in Lung Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Suppresses Brain Metastasis by Downregulating The PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xu Yiquan , Pan Junfan , Lin Ying , Wu Yun , Li Hongru , Chen Yusheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The membrane lipid ceramide plays important roles in regulating tumor growth, chemotherapy drug resistance, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms through which ceramide induces apoptosis are still unclear. In this study, we explored the biological functions and underlying mechanism of C6-ceramide in brain metastasis (BM) arising from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: The effects of C6-ceramide on cell apoptosis were studied by flow cytometry. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, wound-healing assays, and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the biological functions of C6-ceramide. An in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model was constructed, and its effectiveness and availability were tested by evaluating horse radish peroxidase activity and junction-related protein expression. The underlying signaling pathways of C6-ceramide were detected by western blotting, and further verification was performed using pathway inhibitors. RNA sequencing was used to confirm the involvement of C6-ceramide and associated pathways in BM arising from NSCLC.Results: C6-ceramide induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, and the optimal working concentration of C6-ceramide was 50 μM. C6-ceramide not only suppressed cell proliferation and migration but also arrested cells at the G1/S transition. An in vitro BBB model constructed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human astrocytes cells showed the lowest permeability and the strongest tight junction connections when cells were cocultured for 72 h. Moreover, C6-ceramide suppressed the passage of cells through the BBB model. C6-ceramide at least partially influenced NSCLC biological functions by downregulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which was further confirmed by rescue assays and RNA sequencing. Conclusions: C6-ceramide functioned as a tumor suppressor by inducing NSCLC cell apoptosis and BM through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Thus, this pathway may serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for patients with BM arising from NSCLC.
Identification of the Resveratrol Potential Targets in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhou Meng , Wang Dacheng , Tang Jing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint degenerative disease and has become an important health problem for the elderly. However, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of OA. Our research combines bioinformatics and experimental strategies to determine the target of resveratrol for OA treatment. Methods: First, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of OA joint tissues were obtained from the related microarray gene expression data. Second, resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound, was used to screen the drug treatment target genes. Third, the drug-disease network was established, and the resveratrol target genes for OA treatment were obtained and verified through experimental verification. Results: A total of 300 differentially expressed genes with 246 up-regulated and 54 down-regulated were found in OA joint tissues, and 310 resveratrol potential target genes were obtained. Finally, six genes, including CXCL1, HIF1A, IL-6, MMP3, NOX4, and PTGS2, were selected to validate the treatment effects of the resveratrol. The results showed that all six genes in human OA chondrocytes were significantly increased. In addition, in these chondrocytes, CXCL1, HIF1A, IL-6, MMP3, NOX4, and PTGS2 were reduced considerably, but HIF1A was significantly increased after resveratrol treatment.Conclusions: Our data indicates that CXCL1, HIF1A, IL-6, MMP3, NOX4 and PTGS2 are all targets of resveratrol therapy. Our findings may provide valuable information for the mechanism and therapeutic of OA.
Significance of serum expression of Rho kinase, endothelin-1, and nitric oxide in pediatric patients with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease accompanied by pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Sun Xing-Zhen , Hu Jian , Tian Xiang-Yang , Hong Ze 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to investigate the serum expression levels of Rho kinase, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and nitric oxide (NO) in pediatric patients with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease (CHD) and their correlation with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). Methods: 90 pediatric patients diagnosed with left-to-right shunt CHD and hospitalized were selected as the study objects.They were divided into three groups according to their PASP: the non-pulmonary artery hypertension (non-PAH) group (PASP <30 mmhg), the mild PAH group (PASP 30–49 mmhg), and the moderate to severe PAH group (PASP ≥50 mmhg). Healthy children were selected as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, radioimmunoassay, and nitrate reductase assay were used to determine the patients’ serum levels of Rho kinase, ET-1, and NO, respectively. The correlation between PASP and the above indexes was analyzed. Results: In pediatric patients with left-to-right shut CHD, the serum expression levels of Rho kinase and ET-1 were higher than in the control group members, while the serum expression level of NO was lower. In pediatric patients with CHD accompanied by pulmonary hypertension (PH), the expression levels of Rho kinase and ET-1 were even higher, and the level of NO even lower, than in patients and control group members without PH. The serum levels of Rho kinase and ET-1 were positively correlated with PASP , while the serum level of NO was negatively correlated with PASP. Conclusion: Rho kinase, ET-1, and NO may be involved in the development of PH in pediatric patients with left-to-right shunt CHD.
THE APLICATION OF DIGITAL BASED INTRACTIVE QUIZ LEARNING MEDIA FOR TEACHER OF STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN DEPOK
Authors: Hapsari Fitri Senny , Isroyati Isroyati 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi Digital di SDN Ratu Jaya 3 Cipayung Depok. Melalui pemanfaatan teknologi sebagai alternatif penggunaan media pembelajaran dalam kegiatan mengajar diharapkan dapat meningkakan kualitas pembelajaran di kelas karena dianggap dapat membantu guru dalam menyamaikan materi kepada siswa.Oleh karena itu kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan kepada Guru SDN Ratu Jaya Depok dengan melakukan sosialisasi dan simulasi penerapan media pembelajaran kuis interaktif menggunakan aplikasi Kahoot. Kegiatan ini dilakukan selama 3 bula sejak bulan April – Juni 2019.
STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL THINKING SKILL VIEWED FROM CURIOSITY THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Authors: Zetriuslita Zetriuslita , Ariawan Rezi 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to find out the improvement of students’ mathematical critical thinking viewed from curiosity through teaching materials with Problem Based Learning model. This is quasi-experimental research. The samples are, where the overall population consists of 75 samples divided into two classes. This research employed a simple random sampling technique. The instruments were the mathematical critical thinking skill test and curiosity questionnaire. The technique of data collection was carried out with test and non-test techniques. The data were analyzed through a two-way Anova test. Based on the analysis and interpretation of the research findings, it was found that: there was an improvement in students’ mathematical critical thinking skill from High curiosity by using teaching materials with Problem Based Learning model; 1) There was an improvement from Average curiosity through learning with Integral Calculus teaching materials; 2) There was an improvement from Low curiosity; 3) There was no improvement from the level of curiosity (High, Medium, Low) through Problem-based Learning. 4) There was no influence between the level of curiosity and learning in improving students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. Do more in-depth studies related to improving mathematical critical thinking skills by reviewing other affective aspects
Inotropes and Vasopressors for Shock
Authors: Patel Amour B U , Ackland Gareth L 
Published: January 2021

Inotropes and vasopressors play a key role in the management of shock. The goal of therapy is to restore end-organ perfusion by augmenting cardiac output (CO) and vascular tone. Clinical trial data have thus far failed to identify precise hemodynamic end points associated with better outcomes; in any event, such end points are highly likely to be determined on an individualized basis, reflecting patients’ chronic arterial blood pressure, baseline cardiac function, and other pathophysiologic factors (e.g., end-stage renal failure, cardiac ischemia).1 Inotropes enhance cardiac contractility and CO; vasopressors raise blood pressure. The impact of these drugs in restoring hemodynamic parameters to “normal” values has principally been used to evaluate their effectiveness, with clinical practice guided by extrapolation from animal studies and pharmacologic trials.2 However, these drugs have important extra-cardiovascular effects on metabolic, neurohormonal, and autonomic regulation that are also injurious. This review discusses the mechanisms and evidence base for inotropes and vasopressors in various types of shock.
This review contains 3 figures, and 39 references.
Keywords: inotropes, vasopressors, catecholamines, monitoring, shock states, cardiogenic, hemorrhagic, septic, neurogenic
Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Dalziel Peregrine , Schirmer Nicholas 
Published: January 2021

The term nephrolithiasis, often used synonymously with urolithiasis, refers to the formation of solid concretions consisting of both protein and crystalline materials in the lumen of the urinary tract. These calculi, or “stones,” become symptomatic when they cause acute obstruction, and as such, there are an unknown but probably large number of individuals with nephrolithiasis who are subclinical, without signs or symptoms. This review covers the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of nephrolithiasis. Figures show ultrasound images of a stone with shadowing, a stone with a twinkling artifact, hydronephrosis, and a stone with shadowing at the ureterovesicular junction and a computed tomographic (CT) image showing a renal calculus at the ureterovesicular junction. Tables list drug-induced renal calculi, the proportion of stones spontaneously passing depending on size category as identified on CT, diagnostic test characteristics for renal colic diagnosis, the clinical prediction rule for the risk of renal stones, an example of the theoretical probability of stone disease using Moore and colleagues’ risk stratification, pooled test characteristics, bayesian analysis, and important pathology diagnosed on CT scan in the investigation of flank pain in four studies.

Key words: kidney stone, nephrolithiasis, renal calculus, renal stone, urolithiasis
This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 75 references.
The Effect of BMI and Type 2 Diabetes on Socioeconomic Status: A Two-Sample Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Pedron Sara , Kurz Christoph F. , Schwettmann Lars , Laxy Michael 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
To assess the independent causal effect of BMI and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on socioeconomic outcomes by applying two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed univariable and multivariable two-sample MR to jointly assess the effect of BMI and T2D on socioeconomic outcomes. We used overlapping genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for BMI and T2D as instrumental variables. Their causal impact on household income and regional deprivation was assessed using summary-level data from the UK Biobank.

RESULTS
In the univariable analysis, higher BMI was related to lower income (marginal effect of 1-SD increase in BMI [β = −0.092; 95% CI −0.138; −0.047]) and higher deprivation (β = 0.051; 95% CI 0.022; 0.079). In the multivariable MR, the effect of BMI controlling for diabetes was slightly lower for income and deprivation. Diabetes was not associated with these outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
High BMI, but not diabetes, shows a causal link with socioeconomic outcomes.
LANCAR Rancang Bangun Alat Sebagai Layanan Notifikasi Air conditioner Yang Rusak Pada Bagian Kompresor
Authors: Darmawan I Gede Agus , Jasa Lie , Rahardjo Pratolo 
Published: January 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara tropis, dimana indonesia memiliki dua musim yaitu musim hujan dan musim kemarau. Pada saat musim kemarau cuaca menjadi panas sehingga diperlukannya teknologi yang bisa mengubah udara panas menjadi sejuk.
AC (Air Conditioner) merupakan teknologi yang digunakan untuk menyejukkan udara melalui sirkulasi udara. AC terbagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu indoor dan outdoor. Indoor dan outdoor terhubung melalui pipa tembaga yang merupakan jalur gas freon. Gas freon akan dipompa melalui outdoor menggunakan mesin kompresor untuk menekan aliran gas freon agar mengalir ke bagian evaporator indoor dan kompresor akan menghisap gas freon lagi hingga ke bagian kondensor pada outdoor, karena kompresor merupakan bagian terpenting pada AC maka kompresor harus dirawat secara rutin dengan mengetahui ampere kinerja pada kompresor. Jadi tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk monitoring kinerja pada kompresor.
Monitoring ini dilakukan dengan cara merancang alat yang bernama LANCAR (layanan notifikasi air conditioner yang rusak). Alat LANCAR memiliki tiga bagian yaitu hardware sebagai alat untuk mendeteksi ampere kinerja kompresor, software sebagai media notifikasi serta untuk monitoring ampere kompresor dan database sebagai penyimpan data pada kompresor. Hardware yang digunakan yaitu NodeMCU esp 8266, Sct- 013,Sw-420 dan modul relay 1 channel. Bagian-bagian ini akan terhubung dengan sistem IoT (internet of things) dimana alat ini mampu memberikan notifikasi ketika kompresor dalam keadaan rusak dan data kompresor akan disimpan di dalam database agar nantinya dapat dilihat oleh pemilik AC.
Sistema de benchmarking como estrategia de innovación tecnológica en el sector crudos pesados y extrapesados
Authors: Nava-Zambrano Junior 
Published: January 2021

El objetivo general del trabajo presentado consistió en proponer un plan estratégico basado en el benchmarking como estrategia de innovación tecnológica para el sector crudos pesados y extrapesados. La investigación fue de tipo explicativa, de campo, con modalidad proyecto factible, con un diseño no experimental y transeccional descriptivo, la muestra correspondió a seis empresas mixtas del sector crudos pesados y extrapesados, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico basado en criterios de selección. La investigación se desarrolló mediante la técnica de encuesta, con un cuestionario de 51 ítems. Los resultados obtenidos, indicaron el poco interés por parte de las empresas mixtas para determinar las brechas existentes entre el desempeño actual propio y el de los competidores líderes. De igual manera, se evidenció la poca inversión en la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías al sector de estudio, así como fallas en un plan de formación del personal, aunado a debilidades para impulsar las alianzas estratégicas con las fuentes externas. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un benchmarking de tipo competitivo entre tres empresas mixtas seleccionadas, arrojando una brecha de un 59% entre la empresa mixta A, en comparación con las empresas mixtas A y B. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo el plan estratégico mediante la técnica del cuadro de mando integral, donde se establecieron diez objetivos estratégicos, formulados para los siete proyectos generados en la investigación, orientados a consolidar las estrategias de innovación tecnológica en el sector crudos pesados y extrapesados apoyados en la herramienta del benchmarking.
Identificación de efectos laborales adversos generados por el pensamiento distorsionado en colaboradores de 23 a 45 años de edad de áreas operativas de 3 empresas de la zona industrial Tula-Atitalaquia en el Edo. De Hidalgo, a partir de la pandemia genera
Authors: Lara Abad Gabriel Eduardo , Baca Salinas Jesus , Reyes Mendoza Lynnet Guadalupe 
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo, algunas apreciaciones pertinentes relacionadas con la revisión previa a la investigación, son el problema a estudiar (objeto de estudio) las incapacidades laborales causadas por los pensamientos irracionales, la variable miedo (al contagio) como variable dependiente, el corte de la investigación (cuantitativo), la literatura o bases teóricas, tanto de investigaciones anteriores sobre efectos de pandemias, aun cuando no se habían presentado en años recientes con la fuerza y potencial de alcance como la actual.
Los objetivos de concentrar los resultados y focalizarlos desde las posibles atenciones inmediatas por parte de los profesionales en la psicología, el contexto de aplicación del instrumento en las condiciones que indican las políticas de seguridad e higiene de las 3 empresas y las normas federales y estatales que han surgido como respuesta al creciente número de contagio en días anteriores, así como la población y el acceso que se tiene a ésta.
USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING ACTIVITIES TO ENHANCE FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION SKILL
Authors: Phiwpong Nittaya , Dennis Nutprapha 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ opinions towards the reading comprehension through cooperative learning activities. The subjects were 25 students in grade 5 at Bannonnoischool, UbonRatchathani, Thailand. The studied was operated in an English course in second semester of 2014 academic year. The experiment took two days a week for five weeks. There are two instruments which were used in this study; lesson plans which were used for teaching over 10 periods, consisting of five lesson plans from New Express English Activities Book 5, and the questionnaire for checking the students' opinions towards cooperative learning. The research findings were as follows: The mean score of all determination is 3.82 which reflect that the subjects improved their reading skill due to the cooperative-learning activities in the class. The opinions were taken from each item indicated that the students have a positive attitude in cooperative learning in all items. Furthermore the cooperative learning activities can motivate in reading comprehension to a maximum of 4.56. The results of the study helped the teacher to improve teaching English by using cooperative learning strategy, promote reading comprehension, encourage and support students in reading English by using cooperative learning.
Kemampuan Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica) Menekan Populasi Wereng Batang Cokelat (Nilaparvata Lugens) Pada Tanaman Padi
Authors: Sianipar Martua S. , Jaya Lucyana , Sinaga Roynaldi 
Published: January 2021

Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) /WBC merupakan serangga hama utama pada tanaman padi. Pengendalian alternatif seperti pemanfaatan tumbuhan sedang digalakkan. Mimba merupakan pestisida nabati yang dapat mengendalikan serangga hama sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pengendali OPT pada budidaya pertanian. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, dirancang dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah konsentrasi ekstrak cair daun mimba yang diaplikasikan sebagai pestisida nabati pada tanaman padi yang diinvestasi WBC. Variabel pengamatan adalah : jumlah WBC yang mati. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstrak daun mimba mampu menekan populasi WBC. The use of neem steem extract for 10% could repress the highest WBC population with the 78% rate of mortality.Kata kunci : Pestisida nabati Mimba, WBC, Tanaman Padi
STUDI LITERATUR: PENGARUH KAWASAN PENDIDIKAN PERGURUAN TINGGI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN GUNA LAHAN
Authors: Luthfiatin Shofia , Ridlo Mohammad Agung 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTCollege activity became one of the influences to change land use. Presence college activity can cause other activities like increasing demand for land, an increase in economic cause community request and others. This study uses literature study in influences to change of land use, with taking case study in UNNES, HALUOLEO, UNSOED, IPB, UNDIP, and other universities in Yogyakarta. The result of this study can be concluded that college activities have a role in the change of land use. College activity can be forms the land use and other activity that grow from the presence of college activity like an increase in economy and another infrastructure.Keyword: land use, college activity, university ABSTRAKAktivitas perguruan tinggi menjadi salah satu yang mempengaruhi perubahan penggunaan lahan. Adanya perguruan tinggi dapat menimbulkan aktivitas-aktivitas lainnya seperti meningkatnya permintaan kebutuhan lahan, perekonomian yang meningkat karena sebuah permintaan dari kehidupan masyarakat baik pendatang maupun masyarakat asli. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur pengaruh perubahan penggunaan lahan, dengan mengambil studi kasus di UNNES, HALUOLEO, UNSOED, IPB, UNDIP, dan Perguruan Tinggi Yogyakarta. Hasil dari kajian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya aktivitas perguruan tinggi mempunyai peran dalam perubahan penggunaan lahan. Aktivitas perguruan tinggi dapat membentuk tatanan lingkungan dalam hal pola penggunaan lahan dan juga aktivitas lain yang tumbuh dari adanya aktivitas perguruan tinggi seperti perkonomian dan juga sarana prasarana.Kata Kunci: penggunaan lahan, aktivitas kampus, universitas