bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful implementation of ChicaEducation system for Oncology Residency Standardized Training
Authors: Yao Quan , Wu Hong , Zou Lian , Lan Haitao , Luo Shuchun , Lu Shun , Li Xianfu , Lang Jinyi , Xu Chuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The ability to access knowledge and skills of radiation oncology is fundamental for oncology residency standardized training.Methods This study evaluates whether or not the ChicaEducation system for oncology residency standardized training contributes to training radiation oncology medical students. As a virtual reality system for radiotherapy training, ChicaEducation system was successfully implemented. We compared the ChicaEducation system training module with a traditional training module. Whether the integration of ChicaEducation into medical teaching was intended to enhance students’ autonomic learning and comprehensive analysis was also evaluated.Results The integration of ChicaEducation system into oncology residency standardized training was valuable compared to traditional training methods and could improve radiation oncology medical students’ perceptions and understanding. ChicaEducation system training module was positive and could enhance radiation oncology medical students’ level of confidence in radiation oncology.Conclusions The role of ChicaEducation system training module in delivering an efficient quantity of oncology medical education was ascertained because of its ability to visualize conceptual information within a simulated clinical environment. The ChicaEducation system may alleviate economic burdens in some hospitals and be used for training for doctors in rural areas.
Dosimetric benefits of dynamic wave arc over co-planar volumetric modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Abdelghaffar Alshaymaa , Kishi Noriko , Ashida Ryo , Matsuo Yukinori , Hirashima Hideaki , Mukumoto Nobutaka , Yoshimura Michio , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Mohamed Ahmed El Sayed , Ali Elsayed Mostafa , Gaber Mohamed Soliman , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Dose reduction to the duodenum is important to decrease gastrointestinal toxicities in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) treated with definitive radiotherapy. We aimed to investigate whether dynamic wave arc (DWA), a volumetric-modulated beam delivery technique with simultaneous gantry/ring rotations passing the waved trajectories, is superior to coplanar VMAT (co-VMAT) with respect to dose distributions in LAPC. Methods: DWA and co-VMAT plans were created for 13 patients with LAPC in the pancreatic head or body. The prescribed dose was 45.6 or 48 Gy in 15 fractions. The dose volume indices (DVIs) for the gross tumor volume, planning target volume (PTV), stomach, duodenum, small bowel, large bowel, kidney, liver, and spinal cord were compared between the corresponding plans. The values of the gamma passing rate, monitor unit (MU), and beam-on time were also compared. Results: DWA significantly reduced the volumes of the duodenum receiving 39, 42, and 45 Gy by 1.1, 0.8, and 0.2 cm3, respectively. However, the mean liver dose and maximal dose of the spinal cord were increased in DWA by 1.0 and 1.1 Gy, respectively. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the target volumes except for dose irradiated to 2% of PTV (PTV D2%) (110.4% in DWA vs. 109.6% in co-VMAT). There were also no significant differences in the other DVIs. Further, the gamma passing rate was similar in both plans. The MU and beam-on time increased in DWA by 31 MUs and 15 seconds, respectively. Conclusion: Compared with co-VMAT, DWA generated significantly lower duodenal doses with acceptable trade-offs in LAPC.
Design of 3D-Printed Cable Driven Humanoid Hand Based on Bidirectional Elastomeric Passive Transmission
Authors: Chen Te-Ru , Zhao Xing-Wei , Ma Guo-Cai , Tao Bo , Yin Zhou-Ping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Motion control of the human hand is the most complex part of the human body. It has always been a challenge for a good balance between the cost, weight, responding speed, grasping force, finger extension, and dexterity of prosthetic hand. In order to research and imitate the movement of the human hand, a 3D-printed cable driven humanoid hand based on bidirectional elastomeric passive transmission (BEPT) is designed in this paper. A semi-static model of BEPT is investigated based on energy conservation law to analyze the mechanical properties of BEPT. Then a simulation of dynamics of finger grasping is conducted. For a better imitation of human hand and a better grasping performance, specific BEPT is selected according to human finger grasping experiments. The advantage of BEPT based humanoid hand is that a good balance between the price and performance of the humanoid hand is achieved. Experiments proved that designed humanoid hand’s excellent grasping performance can be realized through BEPT. The designed prosthetic hand’s single fingertip force can reach 33N and has a good force control effect with 430g’s weight. It can not only grab fragile objects like raw eggs and paper cup, but also achieve strong grasping force to damage metal cans.
Sex-specific Metabolic Characterization of Serum and Liver of Mice with High-fat Diet
Authors: Zhou Yi , Li Chen , Wang Xinyi , Chen Qinbo , Deng Pengxi , Wang Wuqiong , Zheng Hong , Zhao Liangcai , Gao Hongchang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Obesity exhibit sex differences is well established, but its metabolic mechanism remains unclear. Thus, investigation of metabolic pattern of male and female mice with high-fat diet (HFD) is of substantial importance for explore the potential mechanism linking gender differences in obesity.Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the metabolic changes in serum and liver of male and female mice with high-fat diet using nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic approach.Results: Principle component analysis show that the metabolic pattern of serum and liver of male mice with HFD was significantly distinguished from the other groups. Furthermore, the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein/very low-density lipoprotein was found in the serum of male mice with HFD. Moreover, metabolomic results of liver reveal that tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism are increased in female mice with HFD.Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that the differences in energy and amino acid metabolism of males and females were most likely influence the predisposition to obesity.
WITHDRAWN: Immunoscore Signature Predicts Postoperative Survival and Adjuvant Chemotherapeutic Benefits in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhuge Lingdun , Huang Binhao , Xie Juntao , Gao Zhendong , Zhao Yue , Zheng Difan , Zheng Shanbo , Xiang Jiaqing , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to construct the immunoscore (IS) to facilitate the prediction of postoperative survival and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A total of 249 patients who received radical esophagectomy at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were divided into training set and testing set. 89 patients with ESCC from TCGA database were enrolled into validation set. Myeloid cells in tumor microenvironment were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or CIBERSORT, and then were included into LASSO cox regression model to construct immunoscore. The predictive value of immunoscore for prognosis after surgery or ACT was analyzed. Results: Immunoscore was constructed by 4 types of myeloid cells including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells and dendritic cells, and was demonstrated as IS=2^(0.527719*Mφ -0.2604269*MC-0.4812935*DC-0.4519706*Neu). The overall survival was significantly different between 2 immunotypes, which were divided according to the immunoscore, in all sets (P<0.001, P=0.005, and P=0.002, respectively). And immunotype A was identified as an independent predictor for survival benefit in all 3 sets (HR=2.068, P=0.005; HR=2.028, P=0.007; HR=6.474, P=0.007; respectively). In patients who received ACT, immunotype A was significantly related to longer overall survival in both training set (P<0.001) and testing set (P=0.011). The nomogram based on immunotype and other clinicopathological factors showed good efficiency of predicting response to ACT. Finally, several important cytokines and pathways were highly enriched in immunoscore A subgroup. Conclusion: The immunoscore was an effective prognostic predictor in ESCC for patients undergoing surgical resection and receiving ACT.
Determinants and patterns of recurrence of primary varicose veins after Endovenous laser ablation
Authors: Elseidy Sheref A. , Hatem M. , Awad Ahmed K. , Mzaik Obaie , Mandal Debvarsha , Mohamad Tamam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the different recurrence patterns, sites and determinants impacting primary varicose vein recurrence after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA).Methods: 127 symptomatic patients (127 limbs) with great saphenous vein incompetence who underwent EVLA were followed up for recurrence. Twenty-seven patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 100 patients (100 limbs) for analysis. Outcomes: Recurrence defined by venous clinical severity score (VCSS) or patterns of reflux on the duplex ultrasound examination. Assessments were done at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after the procedure.Results: Two-year life table analysis showed varicose vein recurrence in 9(7.1%) of limbs. Varicose vein recurrence was due to refluxing anterior accessory saphenous vein in 77.8% patients (p <0.001, 95% CI 3.2 to 1669.1), re-canalization (66.6%), non-truncal varicosities (55.5 %) and incompetent perforators 77.8% patients (p <0.001, 95% CI 2.7 to 69.3).Recurrence was mostly seen owed to both incompetent perforators and accessory saphenous vein, BMI more than 30.5 kg/m2 is noted in 77.8 % (p <0.001, 95% CI 1.105 to 1.590) of recurrence patients.
Epidemiological patterns of ocular morbidity among under five years of age children in Khartoum State- Sudan 2020
Authors: Ibrahim Mohanad Kamaleldin Mahmoud , Ibrahim Hadeel Kamaleldin Mahmoud , Mohamed Ala Saifaldawla Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Development of the visual system begins prenatally and continues after birth. However, owing to how personal and subjective a person’s sight is, children may not realize they have a vision problem. Visual impairment in early childhood can significantly impair development of visual, motor, and cognitive function and lead to adverse psychosocial consequences. This research aimed to study the epidemiological patterns of ocular morbidity in children aged less than five years old.Methods: The study is a retrospective patient record study carried out in three tertiary eye care hospitals in Khartoum State- Sudan. All children records for the year 2019 were reviewed, and the total number included was 10886 patients’ files. The records were reviewed estimate the number of under five years of age children and the patterns of ocular morbidity. The data were summarized and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The proportions were estimated, patterns of ocular morbidity were identified according to age groups and gender.Results: The proportion of under five years children was 5% of the total population and 45% of the total children below 16 years. The predominant age group affected with ocular morbidity is (3–5 years old with 53%). Eye infections affected (19%), allergic eye diseases (16.8%), orbital diseases (12.4%), refractive errors (10.8%), squint (9.3%), corneal diseases (6.6%), cataract (6%), glaucoma (2.3%), neurogenic eye (2%) and tumors (0.23%).There are some variations in morbidity according to age groups among the under five years of age children.Conclusions: The proportion of under five years children is high. The predominant ocular morbidity affecting children below five years of age is eye infections, followed by allergic eye diseases and refractive errors while other serious and blinding eye diseases mounted a considerable percentage. Although of small percentage but worth mentioning that malignant eye tumors were one of the patterns of ocular morbidities affecting children of under five years of age. Patterns of ocular morbidity showed some gender variations.
Higher education institutions and the use of online instruction and online tools and resources during the COVID-19 outbreak - An online review of selected U.S. and SA's universities
Authors: Chaka Chaka 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This online quasi-scoping review set out to review how 64 U.S. and 21 South African universities pivoted to online course delivery and used online tools and resources as one of their collective responses to continue their teaching and learning activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review was conducted on five online search engines, six online databases and two online social networking sites. Generally, all of the U.S and South African universities investigated transitioned to online classes and temporarily relinquished their in-person, campus-based classes. Additionally, all of these universities transiently opted for a strong form of social distancing and embraced emergency remote online pedagogy. Moreover, four online delivery typologies, with their attendant multiple permutations, emerged from these two sets of universities. Furthermore, when both U.S. and South African universities temporarily pivoted their classes to online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, they embraced and adopted certain online tools and resources more than the others. For instance, pertaining to 64 U.S. universities, Zoom was the most preferred tool, with video conferencing and LMS platforms emerging as the two dominant platforms. As regards the 21 South African universities, Blackboard (Collaborate) emerged as the most preferred tool, with both LMS and video conferencing platforms emerging as the two dominant platforms. Overall, Zoom, Blackboard (Collaborate) and institutional LMSes were the three common tools to which both sets of universities pivoted during the pandemic. Finally, the two sets of universities only embraced low-tech versions of the 4IR technologies such as video-conferencing, social media technologies, and cloud computing.
Hydroxytyrosol effectively improves the quality of pig sperm at room temperature
Authors: Zhang Wenuyu , Li Dong , Tian Xueka , He Yulin , Xiao Zitong , Wang Xiaoting , Du Renrang , Yang Gongshe , Yu Taiyong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Artificial insemination technology is the production technology used in more than 99% of the world's pig farms. Preservation of semen is mainly conducted at room temperature (17°C), during which the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In our research, by adding different concentrations of hydroxytyrosol to the diluent during the storage of boar semen at 17°C, we compared them with the traditional diluent to study the cumulative amount of ROS, the extent of membrane damage, the sperm acrosome integrity, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and other indicators to evaluate the effect of hydroxytyrosol on the changes of active oxygen and sperm quality during storage. After we determined the optimal amount of hydroxytyrosol in the diluent, Proteomics was used to monitor difference in sperm protein expression between the control group and the addition of 120 μmol/L hydroxytyrosol (optimum concentration) group after three days’ storage. Ultimately, we selected the control group and the addition of 120 μmol/L hydroxytyrosol group to test the effect of artificial insemination.Results: During storage of pig semen at room temperature, the sperm quality of the hydroxytyrosol-treated group was significantly improved (P < 0.05). Besides, its antioxidant capacity was also significantly improved (P < 0.05). Proteomics sequencing analysis proved that the addition of hydroxytyrosol treatment group has potential value in improving sperm cell quality. The significant increase in sow pregnancy rate and the increase in piglet birth weight also confirmed that sperm quality during storage can be of vital importance in actual production (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Based on our results, we demonstrated that the addition of hydroxytyrosol to the diluent can not only improve the quality of pig sperm, but also has an irreplaceable role in improving the efficiency of artificial insemination.
Sex Differences in Biopsy-confirmed Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Yiting , Zhang Jue , Zhang Junlin , Wu Yucheng , Zhang Rui , Ren Honghong , Guo Ruikun , Cooper Mark , Liu Fang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the association between sex differences and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with biopsy-confirmed diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Method: We performed a retrospective cohort study. A total of 336 patients with biopsy-confirmed DKD who were followed up for at least 12 months were enrolled. Baseline clinical and pathological data were collected. ESKD was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <15 mL/min/1.73m 2 or initiation of renal replacement therapy. The association between sex differences and ESKD was assessed using the log-rank test and Cox regression. Result: There were 239 (71%) male and 97 (29%) female patients in our cohort. Female patients had higher systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but relatively mild renal interstitial inflammation, compared with male. There was a lower proportion of female patients in the very high risk grade according to the chronic kidney disease categories. During a median follow-up time of 20 months, 101 (57.7%) men and 43 (44.3%) women entered into ESKD, with no significant difference by the log-rank test. Univariant and multivariant Cox regression further showed that sex difference was not associated with ESKD. Conclusion: Female patients had the higher systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-C, but relatively mild renal interstitial inflammation, compared with male patients. However, there does not appear to be an association between sex difference and ESKD in our study.
Fear of childbirth among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gelaw Tiruset , Ketema Teklemariam Gultie , Beyene Kassaw , Gurara Mekdes Kondale , Ukke Gebresilasea Gendisha 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Fear of childbirth is one of the life challenges the women encounter during pregnancy. It is an important source of distress for the women and their families and also increases the odds of obstetric complications during childbirth. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of fear of childbirth and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia.
Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women who attended antenatal care at public health facilities in Arba Minch from November 1st − 30th 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to include the participants. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview by using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQ) was used to score fear of childbirth. Epi Data version 3.1 and SPSS version 25.0 software were used for data management. Descriptive and analytic analyses were done and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05 and 95% confidence level in multivariable analysis.
Results
A total of 387 pregnant women have participated in this study. Forty (10.3%) of the pregnant women had a low degree fear, 154(39.8%) had a moderate degree fear, 98(25.3%) had a high degree fear, and 95(24.5%) had severe degree fear of childbirth. Unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.74), current pregnancy-related complications (AOR = 6.24, 95% CI: 2.72, 14.29), and poor social support (AOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.01, 3.68) were factors significantly associated with severe degree fear of childbirth.
Conclusion
Almost three-fourth of the pregnant women in this study area had moderate to severe degree fear of childbirth. Tailoring counseling during antenatal care visits is needed to address those women who are at a high risk of considerable childbirth fear and its health consequences.
Efficiency of Non-invasive Prenatal Screening in Pregnant Women at Advanced Maternal Age
Authors: Zhu Hui , Jin Xiaoxiao , Xu Yuqing , Zhang Weihua , Liu Xiaodan , Jin Jinglei , Qian Yeqing , minyue Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the efficiency of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) in the prenatal screening for fetal aneuploidies in pregnant women at advanced maternal age (AMA).
Methods
From February 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018, 29,343 pregnant women at AMA underwent NIPS and followed-up were recruited. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting fetal chromosomal aneuploidies were analyzed. The relationship between maternal age and common fetal chromosomal aneuploidy was observed.
Results
The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of NIPS for detecting fetal trisomy 21 were 99.11%, 99.96%, 90.98%, and 100%, respectively. These same parameters for detecting fetal trisomy 18 were 100%, 99.94%, 67.92%, and 100%, respectively. Finally, these parameters for detecting trisomy 13 were 100%, 99.96%, 27.78%, and 100%, respectively. The prevalence of fetal trisomy 21 increased with maternal age. There were significant differences in the prevalence of fetal trisomy 21 among the groups I (35-37-year-old), II (38-40-year-old) and III (41-year-old and older) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
It is indicated that NIPS is an effective prenatal screening method in pregnant women at AMA.
Correlation between Brain 18F-AV45 and 18F-FDG PET Distribution Characteristics and Cognitive Function in Patients with Mild and Moderate AD
Authors: Jing Jiaojiao , Zhang Feng , Zhao Li , Xie Jinghui , Chen Jianwen , Zhong Rujia , Zhang Yanjun , Dong Chunbo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of amyloid beta (Aβ) load and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) metabolism and analyze their correlation with cognitive impairment in the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients using 18F-florbetapir (18F-AV45) and 18F-FDG PET technology.
Methods

27 patients with AD were enrolled. All AD patients underwent detailed clinical and imaging examinations of the nervous system, completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tests, and finished 18F-AV45 and 18F-FDG PET scans. NeuroQ software was used to analyze PET images.
Results

81.48% (22 out of 27) AD patients had significantly increased Aβ load and 96.30% (26 out of 27) had significantly reduced FDG metabolism. Moderate AD patients had more brain areas of reduced FDG metabolism with more severe reduction in some brain regions compared with mild AD patients, despite there was no differences of Aβ load between these patients. The range of reduced FDG metabolism was negatively correlated with the total scores of MMSE and MoCA, and the degree of FDG metabolism in some brain regions was positively correlated with the total score of MMSE and MoCA.
Conclusion

Brain 18F-AV45 and 18F-FDG imaging may be potential biomarkers of AD, and 18F-FDG imaging is correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment in AD patients.