bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Methyl-Branched Cuticular Hydrocarbons for Successful Host Recognition by the Larval Ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis
Authors: Awater-Salendo Sarah , Schulz Hartwig , Hilker Monika , Fürstenau Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of host insects are used by many parasitic wasps as contact kairomones for host location and recognition. As the chemical composition of CHCs varies from species to species, the CHC pattern represents a reliable indicator for parasitoids to discriminate host from non-host species. Holepyris sylvanidis is an ectoparasitoid of beetle larvae infesting stored products. Previous studies demonstrated that the larval CHC profile of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, comprises long chain linear and methyl-branched alkanes (methyl alkanes), which elicit trail following and host recognition in H. sylvanidis. Here we addressed the question, whether different behavioral responses of this parasitoid species to larvae of other beetle species are due to differences in the larval CHC pattern. Our study revealed that H. sylvanidis recognizes and accepts larvae of T. confusum, T. castaneum and T. destructor as hosts, whereas larvae of Oryzaephilus surinamensis were rejected. However, the latter species became attractive after applying a sample of T. confusum larval CHCs to solvent extracted larvae. Chemical analyses of the larval extracts revealed that CHC profiles of the Tribolium species were similar in their composition, while that of O. surinamensis differed qualitatively and quantitatively, i.e. methyl alkanes were present as minor components on the cuticle of all Tribolium larvae, but were absent in the O. surinamensis CHC profile. Furthermore, the parasitoid successfully recognized solvent extracted T. confusum larvae as hosts after they had been treated with a fraction of methyl alkanes. Our results show that methyl alkanes are needed for host recognition by H. sylvanidis.
May I Speak Freely? The Difficulty in Vocal Identity Processing Across Free and Scripted Speech
Authors: Stevenage Sarah V. , Tomlin Rebecca , Neil Greg J. , Symons Ashley E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the fields of face recognition and voice recognition, a growing literature now suggests that the ability to recognize an individual despite changes from one instance to the next is a considerable challenge. The present paper reports on one experiment in the voice domain designed to determine whether a change in the mere style of speech may result in a measurable difficulty when trying to discriminate between speakers. Participants completed a speaker discrimination task to pairs of speech clips, which represented either free speech or scripted speech segments. The results suggested that speaker discrimination was significantly better when the style of speech did not change compared to when it did change, and was significantly better from scripted than from free speech segments. These results support the emergent body of evidence suggesting that within-identity variability is a challenge, and the forensic implications of such a mild change in speech style are discussed.
Implementation and outcome of an electronic tool for detection of paracetamol overdose in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Cabrera-Diaz Francisco , Zaugg Claudia , Lim Silke , Blum Kim , Salili Ali Reza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug in hospitals. The development and implementation of an electronic tool with algorithm-based alerts (e-agent) in a clinical information system could reduce the risk of overdose. Objective In this study, the performance of such an e-agent developed to detect paracetamol overdosing was analyzed. Setting Swiss tertiary care hospital. Method All patients ≥ 18 years old who had documented paracetamol administration in the used clinical information system during 2017 were retrospectively screened for an absolute and relative overdosing of paracetamol (> 4 g and > 60 mg/kg/24 h, respectively). This was compared with the patients for which the e-agent had, during the same period, prospectively made an alert for absolute or relative overdosing or for a dosing interval < 4 h (potentially leading to an absolute overdose). Main outcome measure E-agent performance defined as detection rate. Results of the 13,196 adult patients who received at least one dose of paracetamol, 2292 were exposed at least once to > 4 g/day (17.4%), 39 of these (0.3% of total) were given > 5 g paracetamol. None received more than 6 g. The e-agent detected 87.2% of cases with doses > 5 g. In most cases (87.9%), the cause of the absolute overdose was a switch from intravenous to oral paracetamol, resulting in an absolute overdose the day of the change. The maximal daily dose of 60 mg/kg was exceeded in 30.1% of patients weighing < 50 kg, as well as in 42.3% of patients weighing < 60 kg. The e-agent detected 73.4% and 75.5% of those cases. Multiple absolute overdoses were found in 204 patients. The e-agent detected 72.7% of those. 90 multiple overdoses occurred during the same hospital stay and 11 on consecutive days. Conclusion Paracetamol overdose is a common medication error in hospitalized patients, which may occur due to process failures such as wrong timing when changing administration route or when factors like comedication and low body weight are ignored. The e-agent detects cases of paracetamol overdose, and therefore, can help prevent this kind of medication error in the clinical setting.
Gender gap in medical research: a bibliometric study in Swiss university hospitals
Authors: Sebo Paul , de Lucia Sylvain , Vernaz Nathalie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral studies explored gender inequalities in research, but only limited data are available concerning general internal medicine and family medicine. We aimed to assess the level of gender inequalities in Swiss academic medical research. In this bibliometric study conducted in March 2020, we selected all senior hospital physicians practicing internal medicine or family medicine in the six Swiss university hospitals. The list of these physicians was extracted from the hospitals’ websites. We recorded their socio-demographic characteristics. Then, using Web of Science, we retrieved the number of publications (overall, as first author, per year, per year as first author), the proportion of publications as first author, the number of citations (overall, per year, per publication) and the h-index, and we compared the data by gender. 367 senior physicians were included in the study [female physicians: 172 (47%), internal medicine: 187 (51%)]. Female physicians were four times less likely to be a professor (5% vs. 20%, p value < 0.001) and half as often heads of division or staff physicians (19% vs. 40%, p value < 0.001). The proportion of physicians having published at least one article was lower among women than men (79% vs. 90%, p value 0.003). Finally, all bibliometric indices were associated with male gender (incident rate ratios ranging from 1.9 [(95% CI 1.3–2.8), p value 0.001] for number of citations per publication to 9.3 [(95% CI 5.3–16.2), p value < 0.001] for number of citations), except the proportion of publications as first author that was associated with female gender [odds ratio 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.3), p value 0.003). Our data suggest a “leaky pipeline” phenomenon (a lower proportion of women moving up the academic ladder). In addition, with the exception of the proportion of publications as first author, all bibliometric indices were lower for female than male physicians.
Impact of the reference list features on the number of citations
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Fontaneto Diego , Martínez Alejandro , Chichorro Filipe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany believe that the quality of a scientific publication is as good as the science it cites. However, quantifications of how features of reference lists affect citations remain sparse. We examined seven numerical characteristics of reference lists of 50,878 research articles published in 17 ecological journals between 1997 and 2017. Over this period, significant changes occurred in reference lists’ features. On average, more recent papers have longer reference lists and cite more high Impact Factor papers and fewer non-journal publications. We also show that highly cited articles across the ecological literature have longer reference lists, cite more recent and impactful references, and include more self-citations. Conversely, the proportion of ‘classic’ papers and non-journal publications cited, as well as the temporal span of the reference list, have no significant influence on articles’ citations. From this analysis, we distill a recipe for crafting impactful reference lists, at least in ecology.
Erster Eindruck oder sechster Sinn? Supervision und Coaching im Spannungsfeld zwischen Intuition und Reflexion
Authors: Jonas Eva , Moser Anna , Quirin Markus 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht das Spannungsfeld zwischen Reflexion und Intuition, welches sich durch die hohe Komplexität von Beratungssituationen ergibt. Auf Grundlage der Theorie der Persönlichkeits-System-Interaktionen (PSI) unterscheiden wir eine niedere und eine höhere Form von Intuition, um einer undifferenzierten Verwendung des Begriffs Intuition entgegenzuwirken. Dazu werden Zwei-Prozess-Modelle der Informationsverarbeitung erweitert, welche lediglich zwischen bewusst-analytischen und unbewusst-assoziativen Prozessen unterscheiden. Eine zusätzliche Differenzierung bietet Lösungen für Berater/innen, die zwar nach einer Vereinfachung komplexer Beratungssituationen suchen, gleichzeitig aber dem Reflexionsanspruch der Beratungsformate Coaching und Supervision gerecht werden wollen.
The Association Between Legal Status and Poverty Among Immigrants: A Methodological Caution
Authors: Spence Cody , Bachmeier James D. , Altman Claire E. , Hamilton Christal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using nationally representative survey data, this research note examines the association between immigrant legal status and poverty in the United States. Our objective is to test whether estimates of this association vary depending on the method used to infer legal status in survey data, focusing on two approaches in particular: (1) inferring legal status using a logical imputation method that ignores the existence of legal-status survey questions (logical approach); and (2) defining legal status based on survey questions about legal status (survey approach). We show that the two methods yield contrasting conclusions. In models using the logical approach, among noncitizens, being a legal permanent resident (LPR) is counterintuitively associated with a significantly greater net probability of being below the poverty line compared with their noncitizen peers without LPR status. Conversely, using the survey approach to measure legal status, LPR status is associated with a lower net probability of living in poverty, which is in line with a growing body of qualitative and small-sample evidence. Consistent with simulation experiments carried out by Van Hook et al. (2015), the findings call for a more cautious approach to interpreting research results based on legal status imputations and for greater attention to potential biases introduced by various methodological approaches to inferring individuals’ legal status in survey data. Consequently, the approach used for measuring legal status has important implications for future research on immigration and legal status.
Controlled Assembly of Luminescent Lanthanide-Organic Frameworks via Post-Treatment of 3D-Printed Objects
Authors: Huang Jiahui , Wu Peiyi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractComplex multiscale assemblies of metal–organic frameworks are essential in the construction of large-scale optical platforms but often restricted by their bulk nature and conventional techniques. The integration of nanomaterials and 3D printing technologies allows the fabrication of multiscale functional architectures. Our study reports a unique method of controlled 3D assembly purely relying on the post-printing treatment of printed constructs. By immersing a 3D-printed patterned construct consisting of organic ligand in a solution of lanthanide ions, in situ growth of lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (LnMOFs) can rapidly occur, resulting in macroscopic assemblies and tunable fluorescence properties. This phenomenon, caused by coordination and chelation of lanthanide ions, also renders a sub-millimeter resolution and high shape fidelity. As a proof of concept, a type of 3D assembled LnMOFs-based optical sensing platform has demonstrated the feasibility in response to small molecules such as acetone. It is anticipated that the facile printing and design approach developed in this work can be applied to fabricate bespoke multiscale architectures of functional materials with controlled assembly, bringing a realistic and economic prospect.
Comparison of diagnosis and prescribing practices between virtual visits and office visits for adults diagnosed with uncomplicated urinary tract infections within a primary care network
Authors: Johnson Kaitlyn L. , Dumkow Lisa E. , Salvati Lisa A. , Johnson Kristen M. , Yee Megan A. , Egwuatu Nnaemeka E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectives:Telemedicine visits are an increasingly popular method of care for mild infectious complaints, including uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), and they are an important target for antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) to evaluate quality of prescribing. In this study, we compared antimicrobial prescribing in a primary care network for uncomplicated UTIs treated through virtual visits and at in-office visits.Design:Retrospective cohort study comparing guideline-concordant antibiotic prescribing for uncomplicated UTI between virtual visits and office visits.Setting:Primary care network composed of 44 outpatient sites and a single virtual visit platform.Patients:Adult female patients diagnosed with a UTI between January 1 and December 31, 2018.Methods:Virtual visit prescribing was compared to office visit prescribing, including agent, duration, and patient outcomes. The health system ASP provides annual education to all outpatient providers regarding local antibiogram trends and prescribing guidelines. Guideline-concordant therapy was assessed based on the network’s ASP guidelines.Results:In total, 350 patients were included, with 175 per group. Patients treated for a UTI through a virtual visit were more likely to receive a first-line antibiotic agent (74.9% vs 59.4%; P = .002) and guideline-concordant duration (100% vs 53.1%; P < .001). Patients treated through virtual visits were also less likely to have a urinalysis (0% vs 97.1%; P < .001) or urine culture (0% vs 73.1%; P < .001) ordered and were less likely to revisit within 7 days (5.1% vs 18.9%; P < .001).Conclusions:UTI care through a virtual visit was associated with more appropriate antimicrobial prescribing compared to office visits and decreased utilization of diagnostic and follow-up resources.
Using mixed methods to understand sensitive wildlife poisoning behaviours in northern Cambodia
Authors: de Lange Emiel , Milner-Gulland E. J. , Yim Vichet , Leng Chantheavy , Phann Sithan , Keane Aidan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn northern Cambodia, threatened wildlife, livestock and people are being poisoned by pesticides deposited in seasonal waterholes. Addressing this critical conservation threat requires understanding the drivers of poisoning behaviours and the social contexts in which they occur. This study across 10 communities in two protected areas aimed to provide a first assessment of this phenomenon. We used the theory of planned behaviour to measure socio-psychological determinants of behaviour and deepened this understanding using informant interviews and focus group discussions. Informants reported that so-called termite poisons, including powerful carbamates, are deliberately deposited at waterholes to catch wildlife for consumption. This method is perceived to be low effort and high efficacy, and perceptions of the health risks vary. Predominant users are young men and children, but it is unclear whether the practice is related to food insecurity. Threatened wildlife species reported as affected include the giant ibisPseudibis giganteaand vulture species. Overall, social norms are strongly negative towards poisoning; 75% of survey respondents perceived negative norms because of impacts on human and livestock health, environmental quality, and risks of legal sanctions. This has led to interventions by local authorities in half of the studied villages. We suggest that future interventions should raise the salience of negative norms by providing a non-conflictual mechanism for community members to participate in monitoring and sanctioning, such as a reporting hotline. Regulatory interventions are also required to control the supply of restricted pesticides.
Cost-effectiveness of a market-based home fortification of food with micronutrient powder programme in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Sayem , Sarma Haribondhu , Hasan Zahid , Rahman Mahfuzur , Ahmed Mohammad Wahid , Islam Mohammad Ashraful , Djimeu Eric W , Mbuya Mduduzi NN , Ahmed Tahmeed , Khan Jahangir AM 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:We estimated the cost-effectiveness of home fortification with micronutrient powder delivered in a sales-based programme in reducing the prevalence of Fe deficiency anaemia among children 6–59 months in Bangladesh.Design:Cross-sectional interviews with local and central-level programme staff and document reviews were conducted. Using an activity-based costing approach, we estimated start-up and implementation costs of the programme. The incremental cost per anaemia case averted and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted were estimated by comparing the home fortification programme and no intervention scenarios.Setting:The home fortification programme was implemented in 164 upazilas (sub-districts) in Bangladesh.Participants:Caregivers of child 6–59 months and BRAC staff members including community health workers were the participants for this study.Results:The home fortification programme had an estimated total start-up cost of 35·46 million BDT (456 thousand USD) and implementation cost of 1111·63 million BDT (14·12 million USD). The incremental cost per Fe deficiency anaemia case averted and per DALY averted was estimated to be 1749 BDT (22·2 USD) and 12 558 BDT (159·3 USD), respectively. Considering per capita gross domestic product (1516·5 USD) as the cost-effectiveness threshold, the home fortification programme was highly cost-effective. The programme coverage and costs for nutritional counselling of the beneficiary were influential parameters for cost per DALY averted in the one-way sensitivity analysis.Conclusions:The market-based home fortification programme was a highly cost-effective mechanism for delivering micronutrients to a large number of children in Bangladesh. The policymakers should consider funding and sustaining large-scale sales-based micronutrient home fortification efforts assuming the clear population-level need and potential to benefit persists.
Food security and alternative food acquisition among US low-income households: results from the National Food Acquisition and Purchasing Survey (FoodAPS)
Authors: Crespo-Bellido Mayra , Grutzmacher Stephanie , Smit Ellen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To determine the characteristics of US low-income households that use alternative food acquisition strategies and to examine the association between food security and alternative food acquisition.Design:Cross-sectional analysis. The ten-item Adult Food Security Survey Module was used to determine food security status. Self-reported data were used to determine food acquisition from community food sources, social networks and household food production.Setting:The National Food Acquisition and Purchasing Survey (FoodAPS), 2012.Participants:The sample consisted of 2534 low-income households (≤185 % of the federal poverty line) in the USA.Results:Households using alternative food acquisition strategies were more likely to have a primary respondent who was non-Hispanic White, born in the USA, and female, and more likely to live in a rural area, have higher income and own a home than households not using alternative acquisition strategies. Very low food security was positively associated with the use of community food sources (aOR = 2·26 (95 % CI 1·15, 4·46)). There was no association between food security and food acquisition from social networks or household food production.Conclusions:Use of alternative food acquisition strategies varied by specific demographic characteristics among low-income households, suggesting opportunities for outreach and promotion of alternative acquisition strategies in specific subpopulations in the USA. Future research should examine whether quantity and quality of food received from these sources are associated with food security.
Professional characteristics and the prevalence of advance directives among palliative care professionals: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Garcia Ana Cláudia Mesquita , Dadalto Luciana , Costa Isabelle Cristinne Pinto , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Caldeira Silvia , O'Mahony Aoife , Moreira de Barros Guilherme Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between professional characteristics and the prevalence of advance directives among palliative care professionals.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A diverse sample of 327 healthcare professionals completed an online survey investigating demographic variables, length of time working in palliative care, post-graduate qualifications in palliative care, and development of their own advance directives.ResultsThe prevalence of advance directives among professionals working in palliative care was associated with factors such as higher academic qualifications, holding a post-graduate qualification in palliative care, and working in palliative care for a longer time. Furthermore, psychologists were most likely to have registered their own advance directives, compared with other healthcare professionals.Significance of resultsPost-graduate palliative care education and professional experience in this area appear to be important factors associated with palliative care professionals writing of their own advance directives. However, our study suggests that just being involved in or familiar with the context of palliative and end-of-life care does not guarantee that health professionals register their advance directives.