bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate Disclosure as a Tacit Coordination Mechanism: Evidence from Cartel Enforcement Regulations
Authors: BOURVEAU THOMAS , SHE GUOMAN , ŽALDOKAS ALMINAS 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWe empirically study how collusion in product markets affects firms' financial disclosure strategies. We find that after a rise in cartel enforcement, U.S. firms start sharing more detailed information in their financial disclosure about their customers, contracts, and products. This new information potentially benefits peers by helping to tacitly coordinate actions in product markets. Indeed, changes in disclosure are associated with higher future profitability. Our results highlight the potential conflict between securities and antitrust regulations.
Trans‐resveratrol extraction from peanut sprouts cultivated using fermented sawdust medium and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Li Tong , Luo Li , Kim Suna , Moon Sung‐kwon , Moon BoKyung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPeanut sprouts are a functional food material rich in phytochemicals, including trans‐resveratrol. This study aimed to optimize the recovery of trans‐resveratrol from peanut sprouts using a combination of peanut varieties and sawdust medium through accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and the response surface method (RSM). We also aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of this trans‐resveratrol extract. Optimal fermentation periods of sawdust and peanut variety for cultivating peanut sprouts were determined on the basis of trans‐resveratrol content via high‐performance liquid chromatography. The extraction variables temperature, static time, and ethanol concentration were used to create a 20‐sample set fit to a second‐order polynomial equation through multiple regression analysis (R2 = 0.8787, P < 0.01). Trans‐resveratrol content (19.62 ± 2.33 µg/g) peaked in the Palgwang variety cultured in sawdust medium fermented for 45 days. Optimal conditions for ASE were determined regarding the extraction temperature (90.29 °C), static time (3.95 min), and solvent (81.54% EtOH/water), and the predicted trans‐resveratrol content under optimal conditions was 30.23 µg/g. Sawdust medium was more effective in increasing the trans‐resveratrol content than conventional hydroponics, and the optimized process of combining fermented sawdust cultivation for harvesting peanut sprouts with ASE has potential as an efficient method of obtaining mass quantities of trans‐resveratrol from peanut sprouts with improved nutritional and functional properties.Practical ApplicationThis study showed that sawdust medium is more effective than hydroponics in increasing the trans‐resveratrol content in peanut sprouts. The recovery of trans‐resveratrol from peanut sprouts and its antioxidant activity were optimized via accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized process of combining fermented sawdust cultivation for harvesting peanut sprouts with ASE potentially provides an efficient method to obtain mass quantities of trans‐resveratrol from peanut sprouts with improved nutritional and functional properties.
Efficacy of pulsed‐ultraviolet light for inactivation of Salmonella spp on black peppercorns
Authors: Xie Jing , Hung Yen‐Con 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEfficacy of pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) to inactivate Salmonella pure culture and on inoculated black peppercorns was evaluated. Black peppercorns inoculated with Salmonella were subjected to PUV treatment (0.28 J/cm2/pulse) using two different sample holders, on a traditional flat surface or on a wave‐shaped surface to increase surface exposure of peppercorns to PUV through light reflection. The temperature change on black peppercorns surface during treatment was recorded, and the effect of cooling period during PUV treatment was studied. PUV treatment of two pulses reduced Salmonella population by more than 6 log CFU/mL in phosphate‐buffered saline. Continuous PUV treatment (80 pulses on each side) using a wave‐shaped surface was able to reduce Salmonella by 1.9 log CFU/g; same treatment using flat surface reduced Salmonella by less than 1.5 log CFU/g. The temperature on peppercorns surface increased to 65 °C after 80 pulses continuous PUV treatment. Adding 280 s cooling time after every 20 pulses reduced the temperature from 65 to 40 °C and achieved similar Salmonella inactivation (P > 0.05) as the continuous PUV treatment. Results from this study showcase the effectiveness of PUV treatment for reducing Salmonella level on black peppercorns surface and provided insights on the potential implementation of PUV treatment at the industrial level.Practical ApplicationResults from this study showcased the effectiveness of PUV treatment for reducing Salmonella level on black peppercorns surface and provided insights on the potential implementation of PUV treatment at the industrial level.
Transcriptome‐based target‐enrichment baits for stony corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Authors: Quek Randolph Z. B. , Jain Sudhanshi S. , Neo Mei Lin , Rouse Greg W. , Huang Danwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the ecological and economic significance of stony corals (Scleractinia), a robust understanding of their phylogeny remains elusive due to patchy taxonomic and genetic sampling, as well as the limited availability of informative markers. To increase the number of genetic loci available for phylogenomic analyses in Scleractinia, we designed 15,919 DNA enrichment baits targeting 605 orthogroups (mean 565 ± SD 366 bp) over 1,139 exon regions. A further 236 and 62 barcoding baits were designed for COI and histone H3 genes respectively for quality and contamination checks. Hybrid capture using these baits was performed on 18 coral species spanning the presently understood scleractinian phylogeny, with two corallimorpharians as outgroup. On average, 74% of all loci targeted were successfully captured for each species. Barcoding baits were matched unambiguously to their respective samples and revealed low levels of cross‐contamination in accordance with expectation. We put the data through a series of stringent filtering steps to ensure only scleractinian and phylogenetically informative loci were retained, and the final probe set comprised 13,479 baits, targeting 452 loci (mean 531 ± SD 307 bp) across 865 exon regions. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian and species tree analyses recovered maximally supported, topologically congruent trees consistent with previous phylogenomic reconstructions. The phylogenomic method presented here allows for consistent capture of orthologous loci among divergent coral taxa, facilitating the pooling of data from different studies and increasing the phylogenetic sampling of scleractinians in the future.
Tree‐based inference of species interaction networks from abundance data
Authors: Momal Raphaëlle , Robin Stéphane , Ambroise Christophe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe behaviour of ecological systems mainly relies on the interactions between the species it involves. We consider the problem of inferring the species interaction network from abundance data.To be relevant, any network inference methodology needs to handle count data and to account for possible environmental effects. It also needs to distinguish between direct interactions and indirect associations and graphical models provide a convenient framework for this purpose.A simulation study shows that the proposed methodology compares well with state‐of‐the‐art approaches, even when the underlying graph strongly differs from a tree. The analysis of two datasets highlights the influence of covariates on the inferred network.Accounting for covariates is critical to avoid spurious edges. The proposed approach could be extended to perform network comparison or to look for missing species.
Cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric safety of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies in non‐depressed adults: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Carney Greg , Bassett Ken , Maclure Malcolm , Taylor Suzanne , Dormuth Colin R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsPharmacotherapies for smoking cessation are widely prescribed, despite substantial concerns being raised regarding the potential increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) and neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with these treatments. This study aimed to assess the relative CV and neuropsychiatric safety between varenicline and bupropion compared with nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) in adults without a recent history of depression.DesignRetrospective new‐user cohort study.SettingUS administrative data from 2006 to 2016 covering more than 100 million individuals.ParticipantsThree study cohorts of new users, aged 18 years or older, limited to patients with no diagnosis or treatment for depression in the prior 12 months.MeasurementsPropensity score adjusted log‐binomial regression models. The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalized CV events. Secondary outcomes included a composite of hospitalized neuropsychiatric events and individual components of the primary outcome.FindingsA total of 618 497 participants were included in our study cohorts. Compared with NRT (n = 32 237), varenicline (n = 454 698) was associated with a 20% lower 1‐year CV risk [adjusted relative risk (RR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75–0.85], and bupropion (n = 131 562) was associated with a 25% lower 1‐year CV risk (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.69–0.81). Varenicline was associated with a 35% lower 1‐year risk of neuropsychiatric hospitalization versus NRT (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.59–0.72), and bupropion was associated with a 21% increase in 1‐year risk of neuropsychiatric hospitalization (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.09–1.35).ConclusionVarenicline compared with nicotine replacement therapy does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric hospitalizations. Bupropion appears to be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular hospitalization and a higher risk of neuropsychiatric hospitalization, compared with nicotine replacement therapy.
Measurement errors in agricultural data and their implications on marginal returns to modern agricultural inputs
Authors: Abay Kibrom A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe low uptake of modern agricultural technologies in sub‐Saharan African countries has encouraged researchers to revisit the returns to (or profitability of) these agricultural inputs. A related strand of literature is exploring the allocative efficiency of these factors of production in African agriculture. However, all these studies rely on self‐reported agricultural data, which are prone to nonclassical measurement errors, the errors in these data are correlated with the true values of variables of interest. In this article we investigate the implication of measurement errors in self‐reported agricultural input and production data on marginal returns to these modern agricultural inputs. We consider a generic two‐sided measurement error problem where both production and inputs can be measured with error, and these errors can be correlated. We employ both self‐reported and objective measures of production and plot size to compute output elasticities under these alternative measurement scenarios. We find that using self‐reported production and plot size overestimates output elasticities and hence marginal returns to modern agricultural inputs (including chemical fertilizer and improved seed). These results are noteworthy in terms of informing conventional technology diffusion strategies as well as in view of revisiting existing presumptions about the profitability of modern agricultural inputs.
Recognition and management of the gastrointestinal and hepatic immune‐related adverse events
Authors: Tan Bei , Li Yue , Xu Yan , Chen Minjiang , Wang Mengzhao , Qian Jiaming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment paradigm for a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, the immune checkpoint inhibitors also cause a unique set of toxicities. In the digestive system, this has consisted for the most part as colitis and hepatotoxicity, but also include less‐common manifestations. Baseline screening, early identification, timely diagnosis, rapid and adequate treatment can significantly minimize the toxicity of immunotherapy and improve prognosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of gastrointestinal and hepatic immune‐related toxicities, including incidence, mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, and guidelines for resumption of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Effects, costs and implementation of monitoring kidney transplant patients' tacrolimus levels with dried blood spot sampling: A randomized controlled hybrid implementation trial
Authors: Veenhof Herman , van Boven Job Frank Martien , van der Voort Anna , Berger Stefan Philip , Bakker Stephanus Johannes Leonardus , Touw Daniël Johannes 
Published: February 2020

AimsDried blood spot (DBS) home sampling allows monitoring creatinine levels and tacrolimus trough levels as an alternative for blood sampling in the hospital, which is important in kidney transplant patient follow‐up. This study aims to assess whether DBS home sampling results in decreased patient travel burden and lower societal costs.MethodsIn this single‐centre randomized controlled hybrid implementation trial, adult kidney transplant patients were enrolled. The intervention group (n = 25) used DBS home sampling on top of usual care in the first 6 months after transplantation. The control group (n = 23) received usual care only. The primary endpoint was the number of outpatient visits. Other endpoints were costs per patient, patient satisfaction and implementation.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the average number of outpatient visits between the DBS group (11.2, standard deviation: 1.7) and the control group (10.9, standard deviation: 1.4; P = .48). Average costs per visit in the DBS group were not significantly different (€542, 95% confidence interval €316–990) compared to the control group (€533, 95% confidence interval €278–1093; P = .66). Most patients (n = 19/23, 82.6%) were willing to perform DBS home‐sampling if this would reduce the number of hospital visits. Only 55.9% (n = 143/256) of the expected DBS samples were received and 1/5 analysed on time (n = 52/256).ConclusionAdult kidney transplant patients are willing to perform DBS home sampling. However, to decrease patient travel burden and costs in post‐transplant care, optimization of the logistical process concerning mailing and analysis of DBS samples is crucial.
Precision therapy of 6‐mercaptopurine in Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wang Li , Zhai Xiao‐Ying , Wen Li , Tang Fang , Yang Fan , Liu Xi‐Ting , Dong Lei , Zhi Li‐Juan , Shi Hai‐Yan , Hao Guo‐Xiang , Zheng Yi , Jacqz‐Aigrain Evelyne , Wang Tian‐You , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2020

AimsChinese children are more susceptible to the development of thiopurine‐induced leukopenia compared with Caucasian populations. The aim of our study was to establish a 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) dose–concentration–response relationship through exploration of pharmacogenetic factors involved in the thiopurine‐induced toxicities in Chinese paediatric patients afflicted by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).MethodsBlood samples were obtained from ALL children treated with 6‐MP. We determined the metabolite steady‐state concentrations of 6‐MP in red blood cells (RBCs) by using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacogenetic analysis was carried out on patients' genomic DNA using the MassArray genotyping platform.ResultsSixty children afflicted by ALL who received 6‐MP treatment were enrolled in this study. The median concentration of 6‐thioguanine in patients afflicted by leukopenia was 235.83 pmol/8 × 108 RBCs, which was significantly higher than for patients unafflicted by leukopenia (178.90 pmol/8 × 108 RBCs; P = 0.029). We determined the population special target 6‐thioguanine threshold to have equalled 197.50 pmol/8 × 108 RBCs to predict leukopenia risk in Chinese paediatric patients afflicted by ALL. Among 36 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms, our results indicated that NUDT15 (rs116855232) and IMPDH1 (rs2278293) were correlated with a 5.50‐fold and 5.80‐fold higher risk of leukopenia, respectively. MTHFR rs1801133 variants were found to have had a 4.46‐fold significantly higher risk of hepatotoxicity vs wild‐type genotype.ConclusionOur findings support the idea that predetermination of genotypes and monitoring of thiopurine metabolism for Chinese paediatric patients afflicted by ALL is necessary to effectively predict the efficacy of treatments and to minimize the adverse effects of 6‐MP maintenance therapy.
Traumatic experiences, family functioning, and mood disorder development in bipolar offspring
Authors: Koenders Manja A. , Mesman Esther , Giltay Erik J. , Elzinga Bernet M. , Hillegers Manon H. J. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesStudies in children of patients affected with bipolar disorder (BD; bipolar offspring) are at high risk to develop mood disorders. Our aim is to investigate how environmental factors such as childhood trauma and family functioning relate to the development of mood disorders in offspring at familial risk for BD.DesignThe current study is part of a longitudinal prospective cohort study among offspring of parents with BD.MethodsThe current study is part of the Dutch Bipolar Offspring Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study among adolescent offspring of a parent with BD. Bipolar offspring were psychiatrically evaluated at baseline and at 1‐, 5‐, and 12‐year follow‐up. Complete follow‐up data over de 12‐year follow‐up were available for 102 offspring. Childhood trauma was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and filled out by the offspring. Family functioning was reported by the mother with the 130‐item Questionnaire for Family Problems (QFP).ResultsEmotional maltreatment was significantly associated (HR = 1.82, CI 1.18–2.82, p = .007) with mood disorder onset in bipolar offspring. No association was found with the family functioning total score (HR = 1.04, CI 0.94–15, p = .085) nor its subscales.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that emotional maltreatment is associated with mood disorder development in bipolar offspring. Remarkably, the association of offspring‐reported emotional maltreatment and mood disorder onset was not reflected in parent‐reported family functioning (e.g., support and communication, openness or involvement). Possible explanations are discussed and warrant further study.Practitioner points

Offspring of bipolar patients are at increased risk of developing mood disorders across the life‐time.

Emotional trauma contributes to the likelihood of developing mood disorders in bipolar offspring.

In the daily treatment of bipolar patients having children, attention should be given to parental style and difficulties.

Further research using multiple informant methods on childhood trauma an family functioning is needed to further disentangle the effects of these variables on the onset of psychopathology in bipolar offspring.
Comparison of two different minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostomy sheaths for the treatment of staghorn stones
Authors: Xu Guibin , Liang Jian , He Yongzhong , Li Xiezhao , Yang Weiqing , Lai Dehui , Zhao Haibo , Li Xun 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the safety and effectiveness of using a conventional nephrostomy sheath (NS) vs using a new NS with suction and evacuation functions in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) for the treatment of staghorn stones.Patients and MethodsA prospective and randomised study of 60 patients with staghorn stones randomly assigned into two groups of 30 patients. One group underwent MPCNL using conventional NS, whereas the other group underwent MPCNL with suction‐evacuation NS (SENS). Patient demographics, stone characteristics, intraoperative data, perioperative data, and surgical results were collected and analysed.ResultsThe patient demographics and stone characteristics were similar amongst the two groups. The SENS group had a significantly lower peak and a significantly lower average renal pelvic pressure (RPP) throughout the procedure. The SENS group was more efficient for stone removal and had a much shorter stone treatment time, a lesser use of the stone extractor, and ultimately a higher stone‐free rate (SFR). The effects of a lower RPP and shorter stone treatment time translated into less severe postoperative complications as measured per modified Clavien grade.ConclusionUsing SENS in MPCNL for the treatment of staghorn stones has the advantages of lower RPP, increased effectiveness in stone retrieval, decreased surgery related complications, and an improved SFR.
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase in the CNS prevents and reverses morphine tolerance in male and female mice
Authors: Fotio Yannick , Palese Francesca , Guaman Tipan Pablo , Ahmed Faizy , Piomelli Daniele 
Published: February 2020

Background and PurposeFatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine amidase that terminates the signalling of various lipid messengers involved in pain regulation, including anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide. Here, we investigated the effects of pharmacological or genetic FAAH removal on tolerance to the anti‐nociceptive effects of morphine.Experimental ApproachWe induced tolerance in male and female mice by administering twice‐daily morphine for 7 days while monitoring nociceptive thresholds by the tail immersion test. The globally active FAAH inhibitor URB597 (1 and 3 mg·kg−1, i.p.) or the peripherally restricted FAAH inhibitor URB937 (3 mg·kg−1, i.p.) were administered daily 30 min prior to morphine, alone or in combination with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (3 mg·kg−1, i.p.), the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 (3 mg·kg−1, i.p.), or the PPAR‐α antagonist GW6471 (4 mg·kg−1, i.p.). Spinal levels of FAAH‐regulated lipids were quantified by LC/MS‐MS. Gene transcription was assessed by RT‐qPCR.Key ResultsURB597 prevented and reversed morphine tolerance in both male and female mice. This effect was mimicked by genetic FAAH deletion, but not by URB937. Treatment with AM630 suppressed, whereas treatment with AM251 or GW6471, attenuated the effects of URB597. Anandamide mobilization was enhanced in the spinal cord of morphine‐tolerant mice. mRNA levels of the anandamide‐producing enzyme N‐acyl‐phosphatidylethanolamine PLD (NAPE‐PLD) and the palmitoylethanolamide receptor PPAR‐α, but not those for CB2 , CB1 receptors or FAAH, were elevated in spinal cordConclusion and ImplicationsFAAH‐regulated lipid signalling in the CNS modulated opiate tolerance, suggesting FAAH as a potential target for opiate‐sparing medications.