bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening and Lengthening of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent Driven by the Pacific Trade Wind Acceleration
Authors: Nan Feng , Xue Huijie , Yu Fei , Wang Ran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent (HLCC) is a zonal eastward flowing current driven by the orographic wind stress curl (WSC) dipole on the leeside of the Hawaiian Islands, which plays an important role in the regional air‐sea interactions. During the late 1990s and early 2010s, the Pacific trade winds exhibited an unprecedented acceleration with respect to the past century, thus implying a strengthening of the HLCC. Based on satellite observations, we found that the mean velocity and length of the HLCC increased by 53% and 97%, respectively, during the period of the Pacific trade wind acceleration (1999–2014) in comparison to the mean values during the weakened years (1993–1998 and 2015–2018). Correspondingly, the mean heat transport by the HLCC across the International Date Line during the strengthened years increased by 80% in comparison to that before 1999 and after 2014. The sea level anomaly (SLA) variation to the south of the HLCC was found to be the main factor controlling the changes in the HLCC. Local (i.e., near the Hawaiian Islands) and remote WSC both contributed to the SLA variation by exciting westward propagating oceanic Rossby waves, although the former was dominant. Our results also indicate that the dramatically changing HLCC plays an important role in eddy generation along the HLCC path.
MiR-200b in heme oxygenase-1-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviates inflammatory injury of intestinal epithelial cells by targeting high mobility group box 3
Authors: Sun Dong , Cao Huan , Yang Liu , Lin Ling , Hou Bin , Zheng Weiping , Shen Zhongyang , Song Hongli 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeme Oxygen-1 (HO-1)-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are effective to protect and repair transplanted small bowel and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs); however, the mechanism and the role of HO-1/BMMSCs-derived exosomes is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to verify that exosomes from a HO-1/BMMSCs and IEC-6 cells (IEC-6s) co-culture system could reduce the apoptosis of IEC-6s and decrease the expression of the tight junction protein, zona occludens 1, in the inflammatory environment. Using mass spectrometry, we revealed that high mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) and phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), under the influence of differentially abundant proteins identified through proteomic analysis, play critical roles in the mechanism. Further studies indicated that microRNA miR-200b, which was upregulated in exosomes derived from the co-culture of HO-1/BMMSCs and IEC-6s, exerted its role by targeting the 3′ untranslated region of Hmgb3 in this biological process. Functional experiments confirmed that miR-200b overexpression could reduce the inflammatory injury of IEC-6s, while intracellular miR-200b knockdown could significantly block the protective effect of HO-1/BMMSCs exosomes on the inflammatory injury of IEC-6s. In addition, the level of miR-200b in cells and exosomes derived from HO-1/BMMSCs stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha was significantly upregulated. In a rat small bowel transplantation model of allograft rejection treated with HO-1/BMMSCs, we confirmed that the level of miR-200b in the transplanted small bowel tissue was increased significantly, while the level of HMGB3/JNK was downregulated significantly. In conclusion, we identified that exosomes derived from HO-1/BMMSCs play an important role in alleviating the inflammatory injury of IECs. The mechanism is related to miR-200b targeting the abnormally increased expression of the Hmgb3 gene in IECs induced by inflammatory injury. The reduced level of HMGB3 then decreases the inflammatory injury.
The RBP1–CKAP4 axis activates oncogenic autophagy and promotes cancer progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gao Ling , Wang Qibo , Ren Wenhao , Zheng Jingjing , Li Shaoming , Dou Zhichao , Kong Xinjuan , Liang Xiao , Zhi Keqian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRetinol-binding protein 1 (RBP1) is involved in several physiological functions, including the regulation of the metabolism and retinol transport. Studies have shown that it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer. However, the role of RBP1 and its correlation with autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) pathogenesis remain unknown. In this study, RBP1 was identified as the most significantly upregulated DEPs with a >2-fold change in OSCC samples when compared to normal tissues through iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis coupled with 2D LC–MS/MS. RBP1 overexpression was significantly associated with malignant phenotypes (differentiation, TNM stage, and lymphatic metastasis) of OSCC. In vitro experiments demonstrated that RBP1 was significantly increased in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with control group. RBP1 overexpression promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. Silencing of RBP1 suppressed tumor formation in xenografted mice. We further demonstrated that the RBP1–CKAP4 axis was a critical regulator of the autophagic machinery in OSCC, inactivation of autophagy rescued the RBP1–CKAP4-mediated malignant biological behaviors of OSCC cells. Overall, a mechanistic link was provided by RBP1–CKAP4 between primary oncogenic features and the induction of autophagy, which may provide a potential therapeutic target that warrants further investigation for treatment of OSCC.
The lncRNA lincNMR regulates nucleotide metabolism via a YBX1 - RRM2 axis in cancer
Authors: Gandhi Minakshi , Groß Matthias , Holler Jessica M. , Coggins Si’Ana A. , Patil Nitin , Leupold Joerg H. , Munschauer Mathias , Schenone Monica , Hartigan Christina R. , Allgayer Heike , Kim Baek , Diederichs Sven 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong intergenic non-coding RNA-Nucleotide Metabolism Regulator (lincNMR) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which is induced in hepatocellular carcinoma. Its depletion invokes a proliferation defect, triggers senescence and inhibits colony formation in liver, but also breast and lung cancer cells. Triple-label SILAC proteomics profiles reveal a deregulation of key cell cycle regulators in lincNMR-depleted cells like the key dNTP synthesizing enzymes RRM2, TYMS and TK1, implicating lincNMR in regulating nucleotide metabolism. LincNMR silencing decreases dNTP levels, while exogenous dNTPs rescues the proliferation defect induced by lincNMR depletion. In vivo RNA Antisense Purification (RAP-MS) identifies YBX1 as a direct interaction partner of lincNMR which regulates RRM2, TYMS and TK1 expression and binds to their promoter regions. In a Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) in vivo model, lincNMR-depleted tumors are significantly smaller. In summary, we discover a lincRNA, lincNMR, which regulates tumor cell proliferation through a YBX1-RRM2-TYMS-TK1 axis governing nucleotide metabolism.
A flexible and physically transient electrochemical sensor for real-time wireless nitric oxide monitoring
Authors: Li Rongfeng , Qi Hui , Ma Yuan , Deng Yuping , Liu Shengnan , Jie Yongsheng , Jing Jinzhu , He Jinlong , Zhang Xu , Wheatley Laura , Huang Congxi , Sheng Xing , Zhang Milin , Yin Lan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReal-time sensing of nitric oxide (NO) in physiological environments is critically important in monitoring neurotransmission, inflammatory responses, cardiovascular systems, etc. Conventional approaches for NO detection relying on indirect colorimetric measurement or built with rigid and permanent materials cannot provide continuous monitoring and/or require additional surgical retrieval of the implants, which comes with increased risks and hospital cost. Herein, we report a flexible, biologically degradable and wirelessly operated electrochemical sensor for real-time NO detection with a low detection limit (3.97 nmol), a wide sensing range (0.01–100 μM), and desirable anti-interference characteristics. The device successfully captures NO evolution in cultured cells and organs, with results comparable to those obtained from the standard Griess assay. Incorporated with a wireless circuit, the sensor platform achieves continuous sensing of NO levels in living mammals for several days. The work may provide essential diagnostic and therapeutic information for health assessment, treatment optimization and postsurgical monitoring.
Extreme rainfall events alter the trophic structure in bromeliad tanks across the Neotropics
Authors: Romero Gustavo Q. , Marino Nicholas A. C. , MacDonald A. Andrew M. , Céréghino Régis , Trzcinski M. Kurtis , Mercado Dimaris Acosta , Leroy Céline , Corbara Bruno , Farjalla Vinicius F. , Barberis Ignacio M. , Dézerald Olivier , Hammill Edd , Atwood Trisha B. , Piccoli Gustavo C. O. , Bautista Fabiola Ospina , Carrias Jean-François , Leal Juliana S. , Montero Guillermo , Antiqueira Pablo A. P. , Freire Rodrigo , Realpe Emilio , Amundrud Sarah L. , de Omena Paula M. , Campos Alice B. A. , Kratina Pavel , O’Gorman Eoin J. , Srivastava Diane S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChanges in global and regional precipitation regimes are among the most pervasive components of climate change. Intensification of rainfall cycles, ranging from frequent downpours to severe droughts, could cause widespread, but largely unknown, alterations to trophic structure and ecosystem function. We conducted multi-site coordinated experiments to show how variation in the quantity and evenness of rainfall modulates trophic structure in 210 natural freshwater microcosms (tank bromeliads) across Central and South America (18°N to 29°S). The biomass of smaller organisms (detritivores) was higher under more stable hydrological conditions. Conversely, the biomass of predators was highest when rainfall was uneven, resulting in top-heavy biomass pyramids. These results illustrate how extremes of precipitation, resulting in localized droughts or flooding, can erode the base of freshwater food webs, with negative implications for the stability of trophic dynamics.
Enhancing oxidation resistance of Cu(I) by tailoring microenvironment in zeolites for efficient adsorptive desulfurization
Authors: Li Yu-Xia , Shen Jia-Xin , Peng Song-Song , Zhang Jun-Kai , Wu Jie , Liu Xiao-Qin , Sun Lin-Bing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe zeolite Cu(I)Y is promising for adsorptive removal of thiophenic sulfur compounds from transportation fuels. However, its application is seriously hindered by the instability of Cu(I), which is easily oxidized to Cu(II) even under atmospheric environment due to the coexistence of moisture and oxygen. Here, we report the adjustment of zeolite microenvironment from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic status by coating polydimethylsiloxane (yielding Cu(I)Y@P), which isolates moisture entering the pores and subsequently stabilizes Cu(I) despite the presence of oxygen. Cu(I) in Cu(I)Y@P is stable upon exposure to humid atmosphere for 6 months, while almost all Cu(I) is oxidized to Cu(II) in Cu(I)Y for only 2 weeks. The optimized Cu(I)Y@P material after moisture exposure can remove 532 μmol g−1 of thiophene and is much superior to Cu(I)Y (116 μmol g−1), regardless of similar uptakes for unexposed adsorbents. Remarkably, Cu(I)Y@P shows excellent adsorption capacity of desulfurization for water-containing model fuel.
Pores for thought: generative adversarial networks for stochastic reconstruction of 3D multi-phase electrode microstructures with periodic boundaries
Authors: Gayon-Lombardo Andrea , Mosser Lukas , Brandon Nigel P. , Cooper Samuel J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe generation of multiphase porous electrode microstructures is a critical step in the optimisation of electrochemical energy storage devices. This work implements a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DC-GAN) for generating realistic n-phase microstructural data. The same network architecture is successfully applied to two very different three-phase microstructures: A lithium-ion battery cathode and a solid oxide fuel cell anode. A comparison between the real and synthetic data is performed in terms of the morphological properties (volume fraction, specific surface area, triple-phase boundary) and transport properties (relative diffusivity), as well as the two-point correlation function. The results show excellent agreement between datasets and they are also visually indistinguishable. By modifying the input to the generator, we show that it is possible to generate microstructure with periodic boundaries in all three directions. This has the potential to significantly reduce the simulated volume required to be considered “representative” and therefore massively reduce the computational cost of the electrochemical simulations necessary to predict the performance of a particular microstructure during optimisation.
Effect of Ion Irradiation Introduced by Focused Ion-Beam Milling on the Mechanical Behaviour of Sub-Micron-Sized Samples
Authors: Liu Jinqiao , Niu Ranming , Gu Ji , Cabral Matthew , Song Min , Liao Xiaozhou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of xenon plasma focused ion-beam (Xe+ PFIB) milling technique enables site-specific sample preparation with milling rates several times larger than the conventional gallium focused ion-beam (Ga+ FIB) technique. As such, the effect of higher beam currents and the heavier ions utilized in the Xe+ PFIB system is of particular importance when investigating material properties. To investigate potential artifacts resulting from these new parameters, a comparative study is performed on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples prepared via Xe+ PFIB and Ga+ FIB systems. Utilizing samples prepared with each system, the mechanical properties of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) samples are evaluated with in situ tensile straining TEM studies. The results show that HEA samples prepared by Xe+ PFIB present better ductility but lower strength than those prepared by Ga+ FIB. This is due to the small ion-irradiated volumes and the insignificant alloying effect brought by Xe irradiation. Overall, these results demonstrate that Xe+ PFIB systems allow for a more efficient material removal rate while imparting less damage to HEAs than conventional Ga+ FIB systems.
Parallel validation of a green-solvent extraction method and quantitative estimation of multi-mycotoxins in staple cereals using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Gbashi Sefater , Njobeh Patrick Berka , Madala Ntakadzeni Edwin , De Boevre Marthe , Kagot Victor , De Saeger Sarah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, 15 different mycotoxins were estimated in three staple cereals from selected agro-ecological regions in Nigeria using a ‘novel’ green extraction method, pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) in comparison to a conventional solvent extraction method. Discrimination of the results of PHWE and solvent extraction using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) did not yield any differential clustering patterns. All maize samples (n = 16), 32% (n = 38) of sorghum and 35% (n = 37) of millet samples were positive for at least one of the 15 tested mycotoxins. Contamination levels for the cereals were higher in the warm humid rain forest region and gradually decreased towards the hot and arid region in the north of the country. The results demonstrate the applicability of PHWE as a possible alternative extraction method to conventional methods of extraction, which are solvent based.
Predictability modulates neurocognitive semantic processing of non-verbal narratives
Authors: Coderre Emily L. , O’Donnell Elizabeth , O’Rourke Emme , Cohn Neil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPredictability is known to modulate semantic processing in language, but it is unclear to what extent this applies for other modalities. Here we ask whether similar cognitive processes are at play in predicting upcoming events in a non-verbal visual narrative. Typically developing adults viewed comics sequences in which a target panel was highly predictable (“high cloze”), less predictable (“low cloze”), or incongruent with the preceding narrative context (“anomalous”) during EEG recording. High and low predictable sequences were determined by a pretest where participants assessed “what happened next?”, resulting in cloze probability scores for sequence outcomes comparable to those used to measure predictability in sentence processing. Through both factorial and correlational analyses, we show a significant modulation of neural responses by cloze such that N400 effects are diminished as a target panel in a comic sequence becomes more predictable. Predictability thus appears to play a similar role in non-verbal comprehension of sequential images as in language comprehension, providing further evidence for the domain generality of semantic processing in the brain.
Fixed-Point Fluid structure interaction analysis BASED ON geometrically exact approach
Authors: Yu Mingliang , Nie Xueyuan , Yang Guowei , Zhong Peinan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fluid structure interaction analysis for structures exhibiting large deformations is carried out by using a strong coupling method, in which a fixed point method with Aitken’s dynamic relaxation is employed to accelerate convergence of the coupling iteration, and geometrically exact beam approach initiated by Simo is adopted to simulate the nonlinear flexible beam models. An improved implicit time integration algorithm is given to improve the computation accuracy of structural dynamics. To verify the validity of the fixed-point method in the compressible flows which is usually used in incompressible fluid, it is applied for flutter analysis of AGARD 445.6 wing in the transonic regime. The case of flow-induced vibration of a flexible beam demonstrates that the approach based on geometrically exact beam theory is suitable for the fluid structure interaction analysis and the fixed-point method with Aitken’s relaxation is of great efficiency and robustness in the FSI computation.
Neuroprotective effects of low-dose G-CSF plus meloxicam in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Liu Pei-Kang , Wen Yao-Tseng , Lin Wei , Kapupara Kishan , Tai Minghong , Tsai Rong-Kung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) causes a sudden loss of vision and lacks effective treatment. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) provides neuroprotection against the experimental optic nerve injuries but also induce leukocytosis upon typical administration. We found synergetic neuroprotective effects of meloxicam and low dose G-CSF without leukocytosis in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). The WBC counts in the low-dose G-CSF-plus meloxicam-treated group were similar to the sham-operated group. Combination treatment of low-dose G-CSF plus meloxicam preserved RGCs survival and visual function, reduced RGC apoptosis and the macrophages infiltration, and promote more M2 phenotype of macrophage/microglial transition than the low-dose GCSF treatment or the meloxicam treatment. Moreover, the combination treatment induced higher serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1) expression. The combination treatment of low-dose G-CSF plus meloxicam lessened the leukocytotic side effect and provided neuroprotective effects via Akt1 activation in the rAION model. This approach provides crucial preclinical information for the development of alternative therapy in AION.
Plant virus particles with various shapes as potential adjuvants
Authors: Evtushenko Ekaterina A. , Ryabchevskaya Ekaterina M. , Nikitin Nikolai A. , Atabekov Joseph G. , Karpova Olga V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlant viruses are biologically safe for mammals and can be successfully used as a carrier/platform to present foreign epitopes in the course of creating novel putative vaccines. However, there is mounting evidence that plant viruses, their virus-like and structurally modified particles may also have an immunopotentiating effect on antigens not bound with their surface covalently. Here, we present data on the adjuvant properties of plant viruses with various shapes (Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV; Potato virus X, PVX; Cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV; Bean mild mosaic virus, BMMV) and structurally modified TMV spherical particles (SPs). We have analysed the effectiveness of immune response to individual model antigens (ovalbumin, OVA/hen egg lysozyme, HEL) and to OVA/HEL in compositions with plant viruses/SPs, and have shown that CaMV, TMV and SPs can effectively induce total IgG titers to model antigen. Some intriguing data were obtained when analysing the immune response to the plant viruses/SPs themselves. Strong immunity was induced to CaMV, BMMV and PVX, whereas TMV and SPs stimulated considerably lower self-IgG titers. Our results provide new insights into the immunopotentiating properties of plant viruses and can be useful in devising adjuvants based on plant viruses.
Iron stored in ferritin is chemically reduced in the presence of aggregating Aβ(1-42)
Authors: Everett James , Brooks Jake , Lermyte Frederik , O’Connor Peter B. , Sadler Peter J. , Dobson Jon , Collingwood Joanna F. , Telling Neil D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtypical low-oxidation-state iron phases in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology are implicated in disease pathogenesis, as they may promote elevated redox activity and convey toxicity. However, the origin of low-oxidation-state iron and the pathways responsible for its formation and evolution remain unresolved. Here we investigate the interaction of the AD peptide β-amyloid (Aβ) with the iron storage protein ferritin, to establish whether interactions between these two species are a potential source of low-oxidation-state iron in AD. Using X-ray spectromicroscopy and electron microscopy we found that the co-aggregation of Aβ and ferritin resulted in the conversion of ferritin’s inert ferric core into more reactive low-oxidation-states. Such findings strongly implicate Aβ in the altered iron handling and increased oxidative stress observed in AD pathogenesis. These amyloid-associated iron phases have biomarker potential to assist with disease diagnosis and staging, and may act as targets for therapies designed to lower oxidative stress in AD tissue.
Enhanced Pitch Discrimination for Cochlear Implant Users with a New Haptic Neuroprosthetic
Authors: Fletcher Mark D. , Thini Nour , Perry Samuel W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe cochlear implant (CI) is the most widely used neuroprosthesis, recovering hearing for more than half a million severely-to-profoundly hearing-impaired people. However, CIs still have significant limitations, with users having severely impaired pitch perception. Pitch is critical to speech understanding (particularly in noise), to separating different sounds in complex acoustic environments, and to music enjoyment. In recent decades, researchers have attempted to overcome shortcomings in CIs by improving implant technology and surgical techniques, but with limited success. In the current study, we take a new approach of providing missing pitch information through haptic stimulation on the forearm, using our new mosaicOne_B device. The mosaicOne_B extracts pitch information in real-time and presents it via 12 motors that are arranged in ascending pitch along the forearm, with each motor representing a different pitch. In normal-hearing subjects listening to CI simulated audio, we showed that participants were able to discriminate pitch differences at a similar performance level to that achieved by normal-hearing listeners. Furthermore, the device was shown to be highly robust to background noise. This enhanced pitch discrimination has the potential to significantly improve music perception, speech recognition, and speech prosody perception in CI users.