Abstract 4183: Mechanism of action analysis of anti-CAF activity of E7130, a novel tumor-microenvironment ameliorator
Authors: Abe Takanori , Kawano Satoshi , Ito Ken , Yahata Kenzo , Kira Kazunobu , Akagi Tsuyoshi , Asano Makoto , Iso Kentaro , Sato Yuki , Matsuura Fumiyoshi , Ohashi Isao , Matsumoto Yasunobu , Isomura Minetaka , Sasaki Takeo , Fukuyama Takashi , Miyashita Yusuke , Kaburagi Yosuke , Yokoi Akira , Asano Osamu , Owa Takashi , Kishi Yoshito 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives: Despite the outstanding antitumor activity of halichondrins in mice, the limited supply from the natural sources has prevented drug development using intact halichondrins. We achieved a total synthesis of C52-halichondrin-B amine (E7130) under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions. E7130 is not only a novel microtubule dynamics inhibitor, but also a novel tumor-microenvironment ameliorator. E7130 can increase intratumoral CD31-positive endothelial cells and reduce α-SMA-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) at pharmacologically relevant compound concentrations. Here, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms of the α-SMA-positive CAF reduction with E7130.
Methods: The expression levels of α-SMA, ECM proteins, ER-TR7 (pan-fibroblast marker), and Ki67 were examined using E7130-treated tumors. In vitro co-culture experiments, normal human fibroblasts were co-cultured with human cancer cells. To examine the effects of E7130 on the TGF-β-induced CAF activation, normal human fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β (final concentration of 1 ng/mL) and E7130 at the several concentrations, and gene expression analysis and immunocytochemical analysis were conducted.
Results: E7130 reduced α-SMA-positive CAF and malignant ECM proteins without changing total fibroblast number in tumors. The in vitro co-culture system revealed that TGF-β from cancer cells activate normal human fibroblast and increased α-SMA expression. In addition, treatment with E7130 interfered with α-SMA induction by TGF-β in fibroblasts without growth inhibitory activity. We further found that E7130 inhibited TGF-β-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which resulted in the reduction of α-SMA expression in fibroblasts. Moreover, TGF-β treatment enhanced β-tubulin expression and focal adhesions formation, which were diminished by co-treatment with E7130 in fibroblasts. Many signaling complexes are assembled in focal adhesion sites, and those complexes dispatch several downstream signals, including those involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Conclusions: Drug discovery using halichondrins was based on their outstanding in vivo antitumor (inhibitory) activity in mice and bone metastasis in mouse melanoma model first reported in 1996. From these results, we hypothesized that halichondrins are not simple microtubule-targeted compounds in tumor cell, and have developed E7130, which harbors unique tumor microenvironment ameliorating effects. Here we proved that E7130 impedes the TGF-β-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation process without killing the fibroblast by disrupting microtubule network formation, which is important for focal adhesion assembly and thereby the downstream activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Citation Format: Takanori Abe, Satoshi Kawano, Ken Ito, Kenzo Yahata, Kazunobu Kira, Tsuyoshi Akagi, Makoto Asano, Kentaro Iso, Yuki Sato, Fumiyoshi Matsuura, Isao Ohashi, Yasunobu Matsumoto, Minetaka Isomura, Takeo Sasaki, Takashi Fukuyama, Yusuke Miyashita, Yosuke Kaburagi, Akira Yokoi, Osamu Asano, Takashi Owa, Yoshito Kishi. Mechanism of action analysis of anti-CAF activity of E7130, a novel tumor-microenvironment ameliorator [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4183.