bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral blood flow in 5‐ to 8‐month‐olds: Regional tissue maturity is associated with infant affect
Authors: Catalina Camacho M. , King Lucy S. , Ojha Amar , Garcia Cheyenne M. , Sisk Lucinda M. , Cichocki Anna C. , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfancy is marked by rapid neural and emotional development. The relation between brain function and emotion in infancy, however, is not well understood. Methods for measuring brain function predominantly rely on the BOLD signal; however, interpretation of the BOLD signal in infancy is challenging because the neuronal‐hemodynamic relation is immature. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) provides a context for the infant BOLD signal and can yield insight into the developmental maturity of brain regions that may support affective behaviors. This study aims to elucidate the relations among rCBF, age, and emotion in infancy. One hundred and seven mothers reported their infants' (infant age M ± SD = 6.14 ± 0.51 months) temperament. A subsample of infants completed MRI scans, 38 of whom produced usable perfusion MRI during natural sleep to quantify rCBF. Mother‐infant dyads completed the repeated Still‐Face Paradigm, from which infant affect reactivity and recovery to stress were quantified. We tested associations of infant age at scan, temperament factor scores, and observed affect reactivity and recovery with voxel‐wise rCBF. Infant age was positively associated with CBF in nearly all voxels, with peaks located in sensory cortices and the ventral prefrontal cortex, supporting the formulation that rCBF is an indicator of tissue maturity. Temperamental Negative Affect and recovery of positive affect following a stressor were positively associated with rCBF in several cortical and subcortical limbic regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. This finding yields insight into the nature of affective neurodevelopment during infancy. Specifically, infants with relatively increased prefrontal cortex maturity may evidence a disposition toward greater negative affect and negative reactivity in their daily lives yet show better recovery of positive affect following a social stressor.
Modelling considerations for stress intensity factor solutions at pin‐loaded holes
Authors: Sobotka James C. , McClung R. Craig 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work summarizes investigations into stress intensity factor solutions for straight, through cracks at pin‐loaded holes in thin sheets. As shown in this work, several assumptions contribute to the fidelity of a stress intensity factor solution that includes the distribution of contact pressure on the pin‐hole interface, the friction coefficient at the pin‐hole interface, the crack initiation angle, and stiffness mismatch. These assumptions lead to higher or lower stress intensity factor solutions as demonstrated by results generated from advanced finite element analyses of the relevant geometries. Results shown here contribute to the development of a realistic and conservative set of assumptions for stress intensity factor solutions. Conclusions drawn from this work are applicable to cracks originating at pin‐loaded holes in plates and lugs.
Oil, Polity, and Civil Society: The Construction of a Hegemonic System in Iraq (1945–1958)
Authors: Shuker Zeinab F. , Abrutyn Seth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConventional theories of political economy assume that dependency on natural resources, such as oil, have a negative impact on the development of a democratic political system. While there is a developed body of work that explains the different mechanisms that shape this relationship, one mechanism, the role of the civil society, remains mostly ungrasped. As a result, the aim of this paper is to expand our understanding of the group formation effect, first discussed by Michael Ross (2001), and unpack the mechanisms that underline it, by looking at the relationship between rent from oil production, the civil society, and the rise of authoritarianism in Iraq during the period of 1945–1958. We argue that examining the relationship between these variables will help us understand the past and the current situation in Iraq, and it will improve our knowledge of the political formations and activism in oil‐producing countries in general.
Patient satisfaction with occlusal scheme of conventional complete dentures
Authors: Moradpoor Hedaiat , Salari Fatemeh , Mosharraf Ramin , Raissi Sahar , Shirani Mohammadjavad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOcclusal scheme is a controversial topic that has been linked to patient satisfaction with conventional complete dentures (CCDs). This study aimed to compare the patient satisfaction with CCDs with four different occlusal schemes namely the lingualised occlusion (LO), buccalised occlusion (BO), fully bilateral balanced occlusion (FBBO) and partially group function occlusion (PGFO). In this clinical study, new CCDs were made for 121 patients; out of which, 97 patients (mean age of 57.87 ± 9.5 years) completed the 1‐year follow‐up. The CCD wearers were followed up at 1 month, 3 months and 1 year after CCD delivery. Data were collected via an interview and recorded in a checklist by a blinded examiner. The checklist included the demographic variables, the 19‐item version of Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Patients (OHIP‐EDENT), and seven 100‐mm line visual analogue scales (VASs) to assess the items related to patient satisfaction. The Kruskal‐Wallis and Friedman tests followed by post hoc tests were used to compare the variables among the 4 groups and between the 3 follow‐ups. P‐value ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. The patients with BO presented higher satisfaction scores for comfort, stability and retention at the 1‐year follow‐up compared with PGFO. Both PGFO and FBBO groups had higher physical pain scores compared with BO and LO. The psychological discomfort scores of FBBO group were significantly higher than those in LO group. Pairwise comparisons revealed no significant differences in the general patient satisfaction and total OHIP‐EDENT scores between the 4 groups. For most items, within‐group analysis showed significant improvement of the satisfaction scores and reduction of domain scores over time.
Intra‐ and inter‐investigator reliabilities of oral moisture measured using an oral moisture‐checking device
Authors: Takano Tomofumi , Kugimiya Yoshihiro , Morita Kuniko , Tazawa Shiho , Ueda Takayuki , Sakurai Kaoru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral mucosal moisture determined using oral moisture‐checking devices is used as a mouth dryness evaluation method. Such devices are capable of evaluating the state of mouth dryness in a simple manner and have applicability in a wide range of subjects; however, their intra‐ and inter‐investigator reliabilities have not yet been clarified.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the intra‐ and inter‐investigator reliabilities of measuring oral moisture using an oral moisture‐checking device for a wide range of age groups.MethodsIntra‐ and inter‐investigator reliabilities were investigated in 28 young subjects and 19 older subjects aged ≥65 years. Three trained investigators independently measured oral mucosal moisture values using an oral moisture‐checking device. Intra‐investigator reliability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (1.1), and inter‐investigator reliability was assessed using ICC (2.1).ResultsMean CV was 0.015 and 0.016, mean ICC (1.1) was 0.806 and 0.877, and ICC (2.1) was 0.873 and 0.829 in the young and older subjects, respectively.ConclusionIn young subjects, the mean values of ICC (1.1) and ICC (2.1) of the oral moisture‐checking device were 0.806 and 0.873, respectively, whereas in older subjects, these values were 0.877 and 0.829, respectively. Thus, this confirms that the examination of oral mucosal moisture using the oral moisture‐checking device has sufficient intra‐ and inter‐investigator reliabilities for a wide range of age groups.
Insight into Informant Discrepancies Regarding Psychosexual Functioning of Adolescents with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Dekker Linda P. , Visser Kirsten , van der Vegt Esther J.M. , Maras Athanasios , van der Ende Jan , Tick Nouchka T. , Verhulst Frank C. , Greaves‐Lord Kirstin 
Published: December 2019

The private nature of psychosexual functioning leads adolescents and their parents to have different perspectives, which highlights studying parent–child informant discrepancies in this domain. We investigated informant discrepancy in psychosexual functioning, using the self‐report and parent report versions of the Teen Transition Inventory (TTI), of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; 136 parent–child dyads) compared to adolescents from the general population (GP; 70 parent–child dyads). Significantly larger informant discrepancies exist in ASD dyads than GP dyads in most domains of psychosexual functioning, except for Body image, Sexual behavior, and Confidence in the future. It is important to use and pay attention to both informants, as discrepancies are relevant for both research and clinical practice regarding psychosexual functioning.
Effect of complete feed block with tree leaves rich in hydrolysable and condensed tannins on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and growth performance of lambs
Authors: Aderao Ganesh N. , Sahoo Artabandhu , Kumawat Pankaj Kumar , Bhatt Randhir Singh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThirty lambs (Avishaan genotype, 10 weeks old, 14.0 ± 0.2 kg live weight) were randomly assigned into three equal treatment groups to study the effect of complete feed blocks (CFB; concentrate and roughage at 70:30 ratio) with three different tanniniferous tree leaves on intake and utilization of nutrients, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and growth performance. The treatments were T1 (Control), CFB1 with Vigna sinensis hay; T2, CFB2 with Acacia nilotica leaves rich in hydrolysable tannins (HT); and T3, CFB3 with Ziziphus nummularia leaves rich in condensed tannins (CT). The three CFBs were fed ad libitum to the respective groups of lambs for a period of 12 weeks. There was lower (p < .05) intake of dry matter (DM), total carbohydrates (TCHO) and fibre components in T2 compared with T1 and T3. However, the digestibility of nutrients except crude protein (CP) was higher in T2. Diet had no effect (p > .05) on the LW gain in lambs. Amongst the three groups, T3 showed enhanced N utilization with a comparable microbial protein synthesis, the lowest being in T2. The T2 group of lambs had higher propionate and lower non‐glucogenic: glucogenic short‐chain fatty acids ratio. It may be concluded that tanniniferous tree leaves at 30% of total mixed ration can meet the requirement of nutrients for desired post‐weaning growth.
Softness, elasticity, and smoothness characteristics of cooked udon noodles based on texture analysis
Authors: Li Qingqing , Obadi Mohammed , Qi Yajing , Liu Shuyi , Jiang Yiyi , Zhang Qian , Sun Jun , Jiang Song , Xu Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective evaluation methods for the elasticity, smoothness, and softness of cooked udon noodles were established on the basis of texture analysis. Noodles with different diameters and amylose contents were prepared to verify the reliability of the proposed evaluation methods. Results revealed that the elasticity of udon noodles could be examined by using the method that involved rinsing cooked noodles with 10°C cold water for 30 s and stretching a single strand of cooked noodle at 3 mm/s with an A/KIE probe until broken. The stiffness of the sample at 3.5 mm could be determined to indicate the elasticity caused by the size of dried udon noodles. The softness and smoothness of cooked udon noodles could be examined when cooled and drained for 30 s by using an heavy duty platform/pasta firmness/stickiness rig probe. The elasticity of cooked udon noodles increased as their diameter increased, and their smoothness and softness significantly increased as the amylose content decreased (p < .05). Texture analysis could be used to quickly and accurately indicate the elasticity, softness, and smoothness of cooked udon noodles. The texture characteristics of udon noodles were related to their formulation, processing, and size. Establishing an adaptability evaluation method for the quality of udon noodles is a prerequisite for optimizing processing technologies and developing new products. Thus far, limited research has focused on objective methods for evaluating the texture of cooked udon noodles. This work developed valuable instrumental methods for examining the elasticity, softness, and smoothness of cooked udon noodles and provided noodle manufacturers a tool for selecting udon noodle formulations and processing technology based on texture analysis.
Status and impacts of non‐native freshwater fish on fisheries biodiversity and biogeography in Kenya: A management perspective
Authors: Okwiri Brian , Donde Oscar Omondi , Kibet Caroline Jepkorir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe introduction and spread of non‐native fish species in Kenyan inland freshwater systems are affecting the integrity of Kenya's aquatic biodiversity and ecosystems. The present study investigated the existing knowledge of non‐native fishes in Kenyan inland freshwater systems and their consequential implications regarding fisheries management. A total of 29 non‐native fish species have been introduced to Kenyan inland freshwater systems, with 20 of these being alien fish species and nine extralimital. These introductions have increased the fish faunal compositional similarity of inland drainage systems by 4.1% to a current similarity of 26.9%, compared to a historical similarity of 22.8%. Documented impacts of this situation include displacements, predation, competition, hybridization, habitat modification and disease transmission, all of which have had negative impacts on the status and management of Kenyan freshwater fisheries. The present study addresses the taxonomic bias created by existing studies on non‐native fishes focusing on individual species, by providing more information on the status of other non‐native species about which information is limited and whose status is uncertain. The present study presents information that can be used in management efforts to control invasions and mitigate their negative impacts.
Culture, parenting, and language: Respeto in Latine mother–child interactions
Authors: Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. , Caughy Margaret O'Brien , Rojas Raúl , Bakeman Roger , Adamson Lauren B. , Pacheco Daniel , Owen Margaret Tresch , Suma Katharine , Pace Amy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe cultural value ofrespeto(respect) is central to Latine parenting. Yet, how respeto manifests in the interactions of Latine parents and their young children remains unexamined. Low‐income Mexican immigrant Spanish‐speaking mothers and their 2.5‐year‐old toddlers (N = 128) were video‐recorded during play (Mage = 30.2 months,SD = 0.52), and two culturally informed items of respeto were coded: parent calm authority and child affiliative obedience. Respeto related to standard ratings of mother and child interactions (e.g., maternal sensitivity and child engagement) but also captured unique features of parent–child interactions. Respeto related to mothers' and toddlers' language production and discourse during the interaction, and explained unique variance in language variables above standard ratings of mother–child interaction. This is the first effort to document a culturally salient aspect of dyadic interaction in Mexican immigrant mothers and young children and to show that respeto relates to language use during mother–child interactions.
The morphological evolution of the Adephaga (Coleoptera)
Authors: Beutel Rolf Georg , Ribera Ignacio , Fikáček Martin , Vasilikopoulos Alexandros , Misof Bernhard , Balke Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe evolution of the coleopteran suborder Adephaga is discussed based on a robust phylogenetic background. Analyses of morphological characters yield results nearly identical to recent molecular phylogenies, with the highly specialized Gyrinidae placed as sister to the remaining families, which form two large, reciprocally monophyletic subunits, the aquatic Haliplidae + Dytiscoidea (Meruidae, Noteridae, Aspidytidae, Amphizoidae, Hygrobiidae, Dytiscidae) on one hand, and the terrestrial Geadephaga (Trachypachidae + Carabidae) on the other. The ancestral habitat of Adephaga, either terrestrial or aquatic, remains ambiguous. The former option would imply two or three independent invasions of aquatic habitats, with very different structural adaptations in larvae of Gyrinidae, Haliplidae and Dytiscoidea.
l‐Citrulline supplementation improves glucose and exercise tolerance in obese male mice
Authors: Eshreif Amina , Al Batran Rami , Jamieson K. Lockhart , Darwesh Ahmed M. , Gopal Keshav , Greenwell Amanda A. , Zlobine Igor , Aburasayn Hanin , Eaton Farah , Mulvihill Erin E. , Campbell Jonathan E. , Seubert John M. , Ussher John R. 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Does the action of l‐citrulline, which has been shown to augment performance in animals and athletes, possibly via increasing mitochondrial function, translate to obese animals, and does this improve glycaemia?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Chronic supplementation with l‐citrulline improves not only exercise capacity, but also glycaemia in obese mice, which would be beneficial as obese individuals are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. However, l‐citrulline supplementation also caused a mild impairment in insulin signalling and insulin tolerance in obese mice.

Abstractl‐Citrulline is an organic α‐amino acid that has been shown to have a number of salutary actions on whole‐body physiology, including reducing muscle wasting and augmenting exercise and muscle performance. The latter has been suggested to arise from elevations in mitochondrial function. Because enhancing mitochondrial function has been proposed as a novel strategy to mitigate insulin resistance, our goal was to determine whether supplementation with l‐citrulline could also improve glycaemia in an experimental mouse model of obesity. We hypothesized that l‐citrulline treatment would improve glycaemia in obese mice, and this would be associated with elevations in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Ten‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low‐fat (10% kcal from lard) or a high‐fat (60% kcal from lard) diet, while receiving drinking water supplemented with either vehicle or l‐citrulline (0.6 g l−1) for 15 weeks. Glucose homeostasis was assessed via glucose/insulin tolerance testing, while in vivo metabolism was assessed via indirect calorimetry, and forced exercise treadmill testing was utilized to assess endurance. As expected, obese mice supplemented with l‐citrulline exhibited an increase in exercise capacity, which was associated with an improvement in glucose tolerance. Consistent with augmented mitochondrial function, we observed an increase in whole body oxygen consumption rates in obese mice supplemented with l‐citrulline. Surprisingly, l‐citrulline supplementation worsened insulin tolerance and reduced insulin signalling in obese mice. Taken together, although l‐citrulline supplementation improves both glucose tolerance and exercise capacity in obese mice, caution must be applied with its broad use as a nutraceutical due to a potential deterioration of insulin sensitivity.
Transduction Using Functional Materials: Basic Science and Understanding at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory
Authors: DeGiorgi Virginia G. , Finkel Peter , Garten Lauren , Staruch Margo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recently NRL researchers have embarked on a basic research effort “Tuning Giant Magnetoelectric Properties in Phase Transformation Multiferroics” focused on multifunctional materials for energy transduction and conversion. Multiferroic materials combine at least two coupled ferroic properties and are used in multiple applications including magnetic field sensors, energy harvesting devices, non-volatile memory and antennas. There are very few single phase multiferroic materials, and they normally have relatively low magnetoelectric (ME) coupling coefficient. In contrast, engineered materials such as ME composites fabricated from piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials can show multiple orders of magnitudes increase in the ME coupling coefficient. The optimal design of ME composites would lead to conditions of maximum response (strain, induced voltage, or field) with minimum applied electric or magnetic fields, providing advanced materials for transduction, sensing, energy harvesting and other applications. That is why NRL researchers are working on piezoelectric materials with enhanced properties due to a phase transformation that would minimize the stimuli needed to achieve large strains. Key to the successful design and fabrication of ME composites is an understanding of interface characteristics as well as individual material components. In this paper we will review the current status of work at NRL on engineered multiferroic composites comprised of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials coupled through strain. There are still many open questions about the interfacial properties as well as the individual component materials. Details will be presented from recent work on material characterization under repetitive cycling, interface characteristics, and stress/electric/thermal effects on driving the phase transition in a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal.
A High-Fidelity Dynamic Model for Origami Based on Iso-Parametric Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (Iso-ANCF)
Authors: Tao Jiayue , Li Suyi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Origami-inspired structures and material systems have been used in many engineering applications because of their unique kinematic and mechanical properties induced by folding. However, accurately modeling and analyzing origami folding and the associated mechanical properties are challenging, especially when large deformation and dynamic responses need to be considered. In this paper, we formulate a high-fidelity model — based on the iso-parametric Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF) — for simulating the dynamic folding behaviors of origami involving large deformation. The center piece of this new model is the characterization of crease deformation. To this end, we model the crease using rotational spring at the nodes. The corresponding folding angle is calculated based on the local surface normal vectors. Compared to the currently popular analytical methods for analyzing origami, such as the rigid-facet and equivalent bar-hinge approach, this new model is more accurate in that it can describe the large crease and facet deformation without imposing many assumptions. Meanwhile, the ANCF based origami model can be more efficient computationally compared to the traditional finite element simulations. Therefore, this new model can lay down the foundation for high-fidelity origami analysis and design that involve mechanics and dynamics.