bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the disinfecting capacity of ozone in emergency vehicles
Authors: Cía Jorge Biurrun , Martínez Begoña García , Montero Andrea Perez , Kochan Grazyna , Escors David , Martinez José Crespo , Uzcudun Iñigo Lasa , Sucunza Alfredo Echarri 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveAs a consequence of the health crisis arising from the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, ozone treatments are being applied as disinfectant in emergency vehicles, without objective evidence on its efficacy. Here we evaluate the efficacy of ozone treatment over bacterial strains and virus-like particles.MethodA preparation of a lentiviral vector (lentivector) and dried cultures of two bacterial strains (gram + Staphylococcus aureus and gram - Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis) were placed inside an ambulance at two different locations. The interior of the vehicle was subjected to 10 min and 20 min treatments (3 and 6 times the recommended time by the manufacturer). Following the treatments, lentivector preparations were titrated, and viable bacteria (colony forming units, CFUs) counted and compared to pre-treatment titers and infectious CFUs of the same lysates and cultures.ResultsNone of the treatments significantly reduced either lentivector titer or the number of viable bacteria.ConclusionsAt least in the analyzed conditions and for the microorganisms used in this study, it can be concluded that ozone treatment is not advisable for the disinfection of emergency vehicles.
Diagnostic performance of CT and its key signs for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Xiuting , Zhong Yuhui , Qin Wanyue , Zhang Zhenxi , Li Kai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic value of chest CT in 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a reference standard. At the same time, the imaging features of CT in confirmed COVID-19 patients would be summarized.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of 5 electronic databases was performed. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated using the random-effects model and the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. We also conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled incidence of the chest CT imaging findings and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Meta-regression analysis was used to explore the source of heterogeneity.ResultsOverall, 25 articles comprising 4,857 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity of CT was 93% (95% CI, 89-96%) and specificity was 44% (95% CI, 27-62%). The area under the SROC curve was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.96). For the RT-PCR assay, the pooled sensitivity of the initial test and the missed diagnosis rate after the second-round test were 76% (95% CI: 59-89%; I2=96%) and 26% (95% CI: 14-39%; I2=45%), respectively. According to the subgroup analysis, the diagnostic sensitivity of CT in Hubei was higher than that in other regions. Besides, the most common patterns on CT imaging finding was ground glass opacities (GGO) 58% (95% CI: 49-70%), followed by air bronchogram 51% (95% CI: 31-70%). Lesions were inclined to distribute in peripheral 64% (95% CI: 49-78%), and the incidence of bilateral lung involvement was 69% (95% CI: 58-79%).ConclusionsThere were still several cases of missed diagnosis after multiple RT-PCR examinations. In high-prevalence areas, CT could be recommended as an auxiliary screening method for RT-PCR.Key pointsTaking RT-PCR as the reference standard, the pooled sensitivity of CT was 93% (95% CI, 89-96%) and the specificity was 44% (95% CI, 27-62%). The area under the SROC curve was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.96).For the RT-PCR assay, the pooled sensitivity of the initial test and the missed diagnosis rate after the second-round test were 76% (95% CI: 59-89%) and 26% (95% CI: 14-39%), respectively.GGO was the key sign of the CT imaging, with an incidence of 58% (95% CI: 49-70%) in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pneumonia lesions were inclined to distribute in peripheral 64% (95% CI: 49-78%) and bilateral 69% (95% CI: 58-79%) lung lobes.
Reaching collective immunity for COVID-19: an estimate with a heterogeneous model based on the data for Italy
Authors: Gerasimov Andrey , Lebedev Georgy , Lebedev Mikhail , Semenycheva Irina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt the current stage of COVID-19 pandemic, forecasts become particularly important regarding the possibility that the total incidence could reach the level where the disease stops spreading because a considerable portion of the population has become immune and collective immunity could be reached. Such forecasts are valuable because the currently undertaken restrictive measures prevent mass morbidity but do not result in the development of a robust collective immunity. Thus, in the absence of efficient vaccines and medical treatments, lifting restrictive measures carries the risk that a second wave of the epidemic could occur.MethodsWe developed a heterogeneous model of COVID-19 dynamics. The model accounted for the differences in the infection risk across subpopulations, particularly the age-depended susceptibility to the disease. Based on this model, an equation for the minimal number of infections was calculated as a condition for the epidemic to start declining. The basic reproductive number of 2.5 was used for the disease spread without restrictions. The model was applied to COVID-19 data from Italy.FindingsWe found that the heterogeneous model of epidemic dynamics yielded a lower proportion, compared to a homogeneous model, for the minimal incidence needed for the epidemic to stop. When applied to the data for Italy, the model yielded a more optimistic assessment of the minimum total incidence needed to reach collective immunity: 43% versus 60% estimated with a homogeneous model.InterpretationBecause of the high heterogeneity of COVID-19 infection risk across the different age groups, with a higher susceptibility for the elderly, homogeneous models overestimate the level of collective immunity needed for the disease to stop spreading. This inaccuracy can be corrected by the homogeneous model introduced here. To improve the estimate even further additional factors should be considered that contribute to heterogeneity, including social and professional activity, gender and individual resistance to the pathogen.FundingThis work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, a unique project identifier RFMEFI60819X0278.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Medical Resource Deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sha Dexuan , Miao Xin , Lan Hai , Stewart Kathleen , Ruan Shiyang , Tian Yifei , Tian Yuyang , Yang Chaowei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA data-driven approach is developed to estimate medical resource deficiencies or medical burden at county level during the COVID-19 pandemic from February 15, 2020 to May 1, 2020 in the U.S. Multiple data sources were used to extract local population, hospital beds, critical care staff, COVID-19 confirmed case numbers, and hospitalization data at county level. We estimate the average length of stay from hospitalization data at state level, and calculate the hospitalized rate at both state and county level. Then we develop two medical resource deficiency indices that measure the local medical burden based on the number of accumulated active confirmed cases normalized by local maximum potential medical resources, and the number of hospitalized patients that can be supported per ICU beds per critical care staff, respectively. The medical resources data, and the two medical resource deficiency indices are illustrated in a dynamic spatiotemporal visualization platform based on ArcGIS Pro Dashboards. Our results provide new insights into the U.S. pandemic preparedness and local dynamics relating to medical burdens in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
FAM83F regulates canonical Wnt signalling through an interaction with CK1α
Authors: Dunbar Karen , Jones Rebecca A. , Dingwell Kevin , Macartney Thomas J. , Smith James C. , Sapkota Gopal P. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe function of the FAM83F protein, like the functions of many members of the FAM83 family, is poorly understood. Here we show that injection of Fam83f mRNA intoXenopusembryos causes axis duplication, a phenotype indicative of enhanced Wnt signalling. Consistent with this, overexpression of FAM83F activates Wnt signalling, whilst ablation of FAM83F from human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells attenuates it. We demonstrate that FAM83F is farnesylated and interacts and co-localises with CK1α at the plasma membrane. This interaction with CK1α is essential for FAM83F to activate Wnt signalling, and FAM83F mutants that do not interact with CK1α fail to induce axis duplication inXenopusembryos and to activate Wnt signalling in cells. FAM83F acts upstream of the β-catenin destruction complex, because the attenuation of Wnt signalling caused by loss of FAM83F can be rescued by GSK-3 inhibition. Introduction of a farnesyl-deficient mutant mis-localises the FAM83F-CK1α complex to the nucleus and significantly attenuates Wnt signalling, indicating that FAM83F exerts its effects on Wnt signalling at the plasma membrane.
Association between Cardiovascular Burden and Requirement of Intensive Care among Patients with Mild COVID-19
Authors: Tai Shi , Tang Jianjun , Yu Bilian , Tang Liang , Wang Yang , Zhang Huilin , Zhu Weihong , Xiao Kui , Wen Chuan , Tan Chongqin , Jiang Zhongbiao , Jiang Chuanhao , Zhu Li , Jiang Li , Liu Qiming , Hu Xinqun , Fang Zhenfei , Li Xuping , Sun Jiaxing , Zhu Zhaowei , Yang Hui , Tu Tao , Xiao Yichao , Chen Mingxian , He Yuhu , Chai Xiangping , Xu Junmei , Zhou Shenghua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundInformation regarding the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on disease progression among patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited.MethodsThis study evaluated the association of underlying CVD with disease progression in patients with mild COVID-19. The primary outcome was the need to be transferred to intensive care due to disease progression. The patients were divided with and without CVD as well as stable and intensive care groups.ResultsOf 332 patients with mild COVID-19, median age was 51 years (IQR, 40-59 years), and 200 (61.2%) were female. Of 48 (14.5%) patients with CVD, 23 (47.9%) progressed to severe disease status and required intensive care. Compared with patients without CVD, patients with CVD were older, and more likely to have fatigue, chest tightness, and myalgia. The rate of requiring intensive care was significantly higher among patients with CVD than in patients without CVD (47.92% vs. 12.4%; P<0.001). In subgroup analysis, rate of requiring intensive care was also higher among patients with either hypertension or coronary heart disease than in patients without hypertension or coronary heart disease. The multivariable regression model showed CVD served as an independent risk factor for intensive care (Odd ratio [OR], 2.652 [95% CI, 1.019-6.899]) after adjustment for various cofounders.ConclusionsPatients with mild COVID-19 complicating CVD in are susceptible to develop severe disease status and requirement for intensive care.Key PointsQuestionWhat is the impact of coexisting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on disease progression in patients with mild COVID-19?FindingsAlthough most patients with mild COVID-19 were discharged alive from hospital, approximately 47.9% patients with coexisting CVD developed severe disease status and required intensive care. CVD is an independent risk factor of intensive care among patients with mild COVID-19.MeaningCoexisting CVD is associated with unfavorable outcomes among patients with mild COVID-19. Special monitoring is required for these patients to improve their outcome.
Improved detection of antibody against SARS-CoV-2 by microsphere-based antibody assay
Authors: Fong Carol Ho-Yan , Cai Jian-Piao , Dissanayake Thrimendra Kaushika , Chen Lin-Lei , Choi Charlotte Yee-Ki , Wong Lok-Hin , Ng Anthony Chin-Ki , Pang Polly K.P. , Ho Deborah Tip-Yin , Poon Rosana Wing-Shan , Chung Tom Wai-Hin , Sridhar Siddharth , Chan Kwok-Hung , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Yuen Kwok-Yung , To Kelvin Kai-Wang 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveCurrently available COVID-19 antibody tests using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or immunochromatographic assay have variable sensitivity and specificity. Here, we developed and evaluated a novel microsphere-based antibody assay (MBA) for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (NP) and spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD).MethodWe developed a microsphere-based assay (MBA) to determine the levels of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 NP and spike RBD. The seropositive cut-off mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) was set using a cohort of 294 anonymous serum specimens collected in 2018. The specificity was assessed using serum specimens collected from organ donors or influenza patients before 2020. Seropositive rate was determined among patients with COVID-19. Time-to-seropositivity and signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) ratio were compared between MBA and EIA.ResultsMBA had a specificity of 100% (93/93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 96-100%) for anti-NP IgG and 98.9% (92/93; 95% CI 94.2-100%) for anti-RBD IgG. The MBA seropositive rate for convalescent serum specimens of COVID-19 patients were 89.8% (35/39) for anti-NP IgG and 79.5% (31/39) for anti-RBD IgG. The time-to-seropositivity was shorter with MBA than that of EIA. When compared with EIA, MBA could better differentiate between COVID-19 patients and negative controls with significantly higher S/CO ratio for COVID-19 patients and lower S/CO ratio with negative controls. MBA also had fewer specimens in the equivocal range (S/CO 0.9-1.1) than EIA.ConclusionMBA is robust and simple, and is suitable for clinical microbiology laboratory for the accurate determination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody for retrospective diagnosis, serosurveillance, and vaccine trials.
Requirements modeling of Web services-based business processes
Authors: Afzal Ayesha , Shafiq Basit , Shamail Shafay , Adam Nabil 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis paper reviews existing business process (BP) modeling languages that are widely used in the industry as well as recent research work on modeling and analysis of BPs in the service-oriented environment and Internetware-based software paradigm. BPs in such environment are different from traditional BPs due to loose coupling of partner services, dynamic and on-the-fly selection of partners and run-time process adaptability. The unique characteristics of these BPs require formal modeling of the requirements and constraints in each phase of their life cycle, including design phase, implementation and deployment phase and execution phase.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first provides a categorization of typical user requirements in each phase of the BP life cycle. Then a detailed comparison of the selected languages with respect to their requirement modeling and analysis capabilities in each of the identified categories is provided. The paper also discusses new requirements engineering research challenges arising from future software needs and emerging trends in software engineering in the context of Web-services-based BPs and Internetware.FindingsThere is a need to have a framework that provides support for user requirements modeling and analysis for all the phases of BP life cycle in an integrated manner. Such a framework would be useful not only in resolving the inconsistencies between requirements across phases but also in addressing the issues related to BP evolution due to changes in user requirements over time. Moreover, with the Internet of things (IoT) adoption in BPM, there is a need to have an integrated environment that provides support for capturing the resilience requirements of enterprise BPs as well as the mobility constraints of the underlying IoT devices.Originality/valueThis paper reviews existing BP modeling languages and frameworks and discusses the new requirements engineering research challenges arising from future software needs and the emerging trends in BP management in the service-oriented environment and Internetware-based software paradigm.
Theoretical understanding of sociomateriality in workplace studies
Authors: Kim Yujin , Yang Eunhwa 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a theoretical framework for workplace research based on sociomateriality. Sociomateriality is a theory to explain the effects of social practice and materiality in an organization. Workplace studies in facility management (FM) can adopt this theory to understand the complex relationships between physical work environments and human factors.

Design/methodology/approach
Review of sociomateriality was conducted to understand the connection to existing workplace studies in FM. This study addresses the components of the workplace through the sociomateriality perspective.

Findings
The main focuses in sociomateriality theory are materiality and social practice. For workplace concepts specifically in FM, workplaces and their components are a material agency, and work and workers are a social practice agency. By considering both materiality and sociality in workplace environments, researchers can understand office dynamics and interrelationships. Lastly, two statistical analysis methods are suggested to analyze the framework: structural equation modeling and multilevel analysis.

Originality/value
To understand the human–environment relationship, it is essential to consider both materiality and social practice perspectives simultaneously. The proposed framework can be a foundation to explain the complex interactions between the physical environment and human factors of workers in individual organizations.
Health‐related behaviors and mental health states of South Korean adolescents with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kyung Yechan , Lee Ju Suk , Lee Jun Hwa , Jo Seon Hui , Kim Sung Hoon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease with a negative influence on adolescent mental health state. We aimed to identify the influencing factors for mental health in adolescents with AD. We used data from the 13th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey (KYRBS) conducted in 2017. KYRBS data were obtained from a stratified, multistage, clustered sample. Participants responded to the question “have you ever been diagnosed with AD by a doctor?” and several yes/no questions about stress, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Among 62 276 participants, the proportion of adolescents with AD was 25.0%. Compared with adolescents without AD, those with AD were significantly more likely to experience stress, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation (P < 0.001) at rates of 59.1%, 27.8% and 13.9%, respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression model, subjective unhappiness was most strongly associated with stress in subjects with AD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.87–9.18), while depression (aOR, 9.83; 95% CI, 7.85–11.32) and suicidal ideation (aOR, 5.70; 95% CI, 5.01–6.48) were reciprocally the most important risk factors in adolescents with AD. AD in adolescents is associated with a higher prevalence of stress, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. It is important for pediatricians to watch for these risks and to screen for suicidality in adolescents with AD.
Partial pathogenicity chromosomes in Fusarium oxysporum are sufficient to cause disease and can be horizontally transferred
Authors: Li Jiming , Fokkens Like , Conneely Lee James , Rep Martijn 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, all effector genes reported so far – also called SIX genes – are located on a single accessory chromosome which is required for pathogenicity and can also be horizontally transferred to another strain. To narrow down the minimal region required for virulence, we selected partial pathogenicity chromosome deletion strains by fluorescence‐assisted cell sorting of a strain in which the two arms of the pathogenicity chromosome were labelled with GFP and RFP respectively. By testing the virulence of these deletion mutants, we show that the complete long arm and part of the short arm of the pathogenicity chromosome are not required for virulence. In addition, we demonstrate that smaller versions of the pathogenicity chromosome can also be transferred to a non‐pathogenic strain and they are sufficient to turn the non‐pathogen into a pathogen. Surprisingly, originally non‐pathogenic strains that had received a smaller version of the pathogenicity chromosome were much more aggressive than recipients with a complete pathogenicity chromosome. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that partial deletions of the pathogenicity chromosome occurred mainly close to repeats, and that spontaneous duplication of sequences in accessory regions is frequent both in chromosome deletion strains and in horizontal transfer strains.
Dealing with water stress and microbial preservation
Authors: Manzanera Maximino 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe relevance of preserving microorganisms has been well accepted for several decades. Interest is now shifting towards investigating adequate preservation methods to improve microbial survival rates and to preserve new taxa of previously considered unculturable microorganisms. In addition, a growing interest in preserving fragile microbial consortia or communities with biotechnological interest motivates the improvement of preservation methods. In the present study, we reviewed the effect of water availability in microbial diversity shift. We describe the effect of drought on microorganisms at the molecular level and their molecular responses to this life‐threatening challenge focusing on the production of xeroprotectants. We also review the interspecies interactions of those drought‐tolerant microorganisms with other sensitive organisms including neighbouring prokaryotes and eukaryotes such as plants, and the potential role of these microorganisms at determining the ecological composition of stressed environments. We emphasize the importance of applying the knowledge derived from the molecular mechanisms used by desiccation‐tolerant microorganisms for the improvement of the preservation techniques. An overview of the current and newer techniques for preserving microorganisms and microbial communities is provided. The biotechnological interest in preserving pure cultures, microbial consortia and communities is also discussed.