bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing topological phase in Pancharatnam–Berry metasurfaces using mesoscopic electrodynamics
Authors: Gao Zhanjie , Golla Sandeep , Sawant Rajath , Osipov Vladimir , Briere Gauthier , Vezian Stephane , Damilano Benjamin , Genevet Patrice , Dorfman Konstantin E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Relying on the local orientation of nanostructures, Pancharatnam–Berry metasurfaces are currently enabling a new generation of polarization-sensitive optical devices. A systematical mesoscopic description of topological metasurfaces is developed, providing a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms leading to the polarization-dependent breaking of translational symmetry in contrast with propagation phase effects. These theoretical results, along with interferometric experiments contribute to the development of a solid analytical framework for arbitrary polarization-dependent metasurfaces.
Evaluation of sodium salt scaling in black liquor evaporators using existing process data
Authors: Karlsson Erik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Scaling caused by sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate salts is a common problem during black liquor evaporation and mills currently have no proper tools to monitor or follow it up. The method proposed enables automatic evaluation of scaling rates and behaviours, together with washing performance, by using measurements that are already available at most mills, such as the boiling point elevation and the overall heat transfer coefficient. The method identified the scaling correctly in most cases, normally >90 %, although fast and sudden scaling proved to be challenging; its performance was also dependent on the quality of the data used. Historical data from three mills was evaluated and it was found that the scaling rate generally increased at higher concentrations of black liquor: one of the mills had almost no scaling below 70 % dry solids content. Another mill, however, deviated from this trend and had significant problems with fast and sudden scaling in one effect at around 60 % dry solids content. The correlation of process parameters revealed that this scaling was triggered, to a large extent, by the absence of tall oil brine, which is a side stream from the production of tall oil that is normally fed to the evaporators.
Insularity, Identity, and Alterity in Patrick White’s A Fringe of Leaves
Authors: Antor Heinz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In his novel A Fringe of Leaves (1976), Australian Nobel laureate Patrick White takes up the famous case of the 1836 shipwreck and subsequent survival on an island of Eliza Fraser, a Scottish woman who managed to return to white colonial society after having spent several weeks among a tribe of Aborigines in Queensland. White uses this story for an investigation of human processes of categorization as tools of the construction of notions of identity and alterity in contexts in which social, racial, and gendered otherness collide in the separateness of various insular spaces. In shaping the character of Ellen Roxburgh as Fraser’s fictional equivalent, he chooses a hybrid figure the liminality and the border-crossings of which lend themselves both to an investigation and a critical questioning of strategies of self-constitution dependent on imaginings of negative others. On a more concrete historical level, White thus questions the ideas of race, class, and gender early Australian colonial society was founded on and raises issues that are still of consequence even in the 21st century.
Pathways of Grammaticalisation in Italo-Romance
Authors: Andriani Luigi , Groothuis Kim A. , Silvestri Giuseppina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this contribution is to discuss three possible theoretical interpretations of grammaticalised structures in present-day Italo-Romance varieties. In particular, we discuss and analyse three diachronic case studies in relation to the generative view of grammaticalisation. The first case-study revolves around the expression of future tense and modality. This is discussed in the light of the assumption according to which grammaticalised elements result from merging elements in higher positions than their original merge positions within the lexical domain, giving rise to the upward directionality of the grammaticalisation process within the clause (Roberts, Ian G. and Anna Roussou, 2003, Syntactic change: A minimalist approach to grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). The second case study challenges this view, by discussing irrealis complementisers as a case of a downward pathway of grammaticalization at the CP level. For our third case study, namely the development of (discontinuous) demonstrative structures from Latin to Romance, the rich Italo-Romance empirical evidence is analysed through the lens of a parametric account (Longobardi, Giuseppe, Cristina Guardiano, Giuseppina Silvestri, Alessio Boattini, and Andrea Ceolin, 2013, Toward a syntactic phylogeny of modern Indo-European languages, Journal of Historical Linguistics 3(1), 122-152), in order to capture the role of the relevant semantic and syntactic features within the fine-grained architecture of the DP. It will be observed that the diachronic development of some functional categories in (Italo-)Romance results from cyclic pathways of grammaticalisation, as the same category might cyclically change from more synthetic to more analytic, and vice-versa. Moreover, it will also be shown how the two theoretical approaches adopted, i.e. the cartographic model (adopted in Roberts, Ian G. and Anna Roussou, 2003. Syntactic change: A minimalist approach to grammaticalization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), and the parametric accounts (Longobardi, Giuseppe, Cristina Guardiano, Giuseppina Silvestri, Alessio Boattini and Andrea Ceolin, 2013, Toward a syntactic phylogeny of modern Indo-European languages, Journal of Historical Linguistics 3(1), 122-152), are able to provide a principled explanation of the structural correlates of grammaticalisation at the sentential, clausal and nominal level of investigation.
Recent progresses on the boron species in aqueous solution: structure, phase equilibria, metastable zone width (MZW) and thermodynamic model
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Dan , Meng Lingzong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The complexity of boron species in aqueous solution becomes the bottleneck in development of boron resources from brine. The concentrations of different boron species and transformation mechanism among boron species are mainly affected with the total boron concentration, temperatures, pH of the solution, and cations in the solution. The change trends for concentration of total boron in the complicated aqueous solution can be obtained with the phase equilibrium results, but the accurate concentration of boron species in the solution cannot be obtained. The metastable zone width (MZW) of borates and H3BO3 changed with the concentrations of impurity ions, the stirring rate, cooling rate, and original temperature for the saturated solution. The Pitzer model is the effective method to calculate the concentration of boron species. More thermodynamic data at temperatures below and above 298.15 K are needed for model parameterization. The main problems existed in the systems containing boron species were summarized, and the future development direction is also discussed. The progresses on boron species in the aqueous solution can provide fundamental data in the comprehensive exploitation of the brine boron resource.
Is there a Kuznets Curve in the Arab Region? An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Sayed Adham 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical study of the Kuznets curve in Arab countries using a dataset from 12 Arab countries over the period between 1990 and 2015. The analysis is carried out by employing a panel data method, mainly the fixed-effect and interactive fixed-effect models, which take into account the economic integration of countries, and the frequent political, financial and social shocks. Our results show that the Kuznets curve does not characterize economic development in the Arab region and that trade, urbanization and education positively impact income inequality.
L’antisémitisme de Wagner et les différentes formes sémiotiques
Authors: Nattiez Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In his essay “La judéité dans la musique,” Richard Wagner’s horrid portrayal of a Jew by way of physical, economical, linguistic and musical description exposed his anti-Semitic convictions. Much of this aspect has either been forgotten or softened, however, when evoking Wagner, it is in fact the relationship between his anti-Semitism and his work that is the most problematic. This paper proposes to consider three symbolic forms through which this reticence is expressed by looking at the the theoretical writings, opera booklets and their music. Using the Beckmesser character in Les Maîtres Chanteurs de Nuremberg, although Beckmesser is not introduced as a Jew but rather a good German bourgeois, one cannot deny the allegory positioning him as a Jew. First element of demonstration: the analogical resemblance between Beckmesser and the Viennese music critic Eduard Hanslick to whom Wagner accused of hiding his Jewishness. Second element: it has already been proven that Beckmesser’s serenade sung during the second act to the Master Singers was a mockery of a Jewish prayer. Third element: in Cosima’s, Wagner’s wife, diary she explains that this particular piece generated at that time a strong reaction by the Jewish community in Vienna, thus supporting the claim that his antisemitism was already known and problematic to his contemporaries.
“Wretched Nurseries of Unceasing Discord”: Nationalism, War, and the Project of Peace
Authors: Ryan Cheyney 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIs there an intimate connection between nationalism and war? Does the right to national self-determination invariably lead to bellicose relations with others? These have been central concerns in the literature on nationalism and war. They have also been concerns of political thinkers/activists who have worried about these connections and have sought to fashion a conception of national identity free of its warlike proclivities. This essay explores the link of war, nationalism, and national self-determination with reference to the founding of the state of Israel. And it reflects on the views of Martin Buber whose writings on Zionism constantly engaged these questions in searching for a peace-oriented nationalism.
Recriações esquecidas em livro-brinquedo do conto intemporal A Gata Borralheira
Authors: Martins Diana Maria Ferreira , Reis da Silva Sara 
Published: September 2020

O presente texto centra-se num conjunto de obras – no total, três, todas vindas a lume antes de 1974 (ano da instauração do regime democrático em Portugal) – que constituem recriações/versões do conto clássico Cinderela ou A Gata Borralheira e tem por objetivo contribuir para a ampliação da História da Literatura Infantil e Juvenil Portuguesa, e de um modo mais particular, da História do livro-objeto inscrito na Literatura para a infância em Portugal, um campo investigativo ostensivamente lacunar. Inscritas num período que, cremos, seminal da História do livro-brinquedo no contexto nacional, estas reinvenções do referido conto da tradição oral, amplamente difundido em traduções, adaptações e revisitações diversas até à contemporaneidade, tendem a aproximar os pequenos leitores do livro pelo fomento de laços afetivos com este objeto, seguindo de perto uma das tendências atualmente crescente da produção literária. A definição deste conjunto teve em consideração a diversidade verbo-icónica e plástica, bem como de estratégias gráficas/visuais (por exemplo, ao nível do próprio material de composição/produção do livro).
Safety of anastomotic techniques and consequences of anastomotic leakage in patients with colorectal cancer: a single surgeon experience
Authors: Élthes Etele , Sala Daniela , Neagoe Radu Mircea , Sárdi Kálmán , Székely János 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Colorectal cancer is a common type of malignant disease of the digestive tract. Anastomotic leakage (AL) still represents a serious complication in gastrointestinal surgery, associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Methods. We conducted a retrospective case-control study and analyzed a single surgeon's data about 359 patients treated for colorectal cancer. Patients were divided as follows: Study Group (patients with AL - 37 patients) and Control Group (patients without AL - 322 patients). Surgical and anastomotic technique-related information was processed.
Results. Surgical procedures for right sided colon tumors resulted in a significantly lower rate of anastomotic leakage (P = 0.0231). For left sided colectomies end to end handsewn double layer anastomosis presented decreased odds (OR = 0.176). For sigmoid segmental resection end to end anastomotic techniques developed low rate of fistula formation (handsewn - OR = 0.593, stapled – OR = 0.685). Performing Dixon type surgical interventions, anastomotic techniques seemed without influence on anastomotic leak appearance (handsewn and stapled), although distal anastomoses were identified as significant risk factors for fistula formation (P = 0.0017). In order to perform subtotal colectomy, side to side sutures (handsewn and stapled) seemed safe choices for anastomotic procedure (P = 0.0073). Patient with anastomotic leakage suffered a significantly longer hospital stay (P = 0.0079), presented higher rate of surgical reintervention (P=0.0001), increased mortality (P=0.0001) and elevated hospitalization costs (P=0.0079).
Conclusion. Postoperative complications like anastomosis leakage significantly increase hospitalization period, necessity of surgical reintervention, mortality and financial costs. In order to avoid these unpleasant events, bowel anastomoses require standardization during surgery.
Empathy and Personality Styles in Medical Students
Authors: Dávila Pontón Yolanda , Reyes Reyes Alejandro , Calzadilla Núñez Aracelis , Díaz Narváez Víctor Patricio , Utsman Robert , Torres Martínez Pilar Alejandra 
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to establish the relationship between empathy and personality styles in medical students, considering the differences by gender. The participants were 278 students of the medical career of the Universidad del Azuay, Ecuador. They were evaluated using the Jefferson empathy scale and the Millon Index of Personality Styles. Relationships between empathy and personality styles were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, for comparisons by gender and educational levels; with both Student's t test and analysis of variance used respectively. Results indicated that the factor structure of the empathy scale is invariant between men and women, noticing gender differences in care with compassion and total empathy, with women presenting a higher mean. Differences are observed by educational level, where the general empathy in the first three years grows progressively, and then slightly decrease. In conclusion, female students present a mean score of total empathy greater than men, with differences of empathy according to educational level
The contradictions in the existing physics and the psychological factors that influence them to be valued
Authors: Tu Runsheng 
Published: September 2020

<p class="1">Besides the limitation of cognition level, the factors that affect the correctness of academic evaluation are as follows: collusion-recognization effect, backfire effect, cognitive maladjustment, inattentional blindness and aesthetic fatigue. It's hard for readers (especially the reviewers of academic achievements) not to fall into the trap. Therefore, the probability of misjudgment of academic achievements of "questioning and denying current prevailing theories or creating new theories" is very high. The intolerable contradictions in the existing physical theories, such as space paradox, time paradox, quantum entanglement paradox, are exposed by means of thought experiments and "to present the facts, reason things out", and take these works as examples to reveal the formation and utilization of these adverse psychological effects. The conclusions are as follows: both special relativity and Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics have fatal injury; it is difficult to eliminate the misjudgment of academic achievements, but the misjudgment rate can be reduced. The concepts of “invariance of spatial attribution” and “inaction association” are established. These works can urge readers to treat new and old physics theories more carefully, promote the development of physics, and promote the birth and improvement of the evaluation theory of science and technology.</p>
Venous thromboembolism prevention protocol for adapting prophylaxis recommendations to the potential risk post total knee replacement: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alameri Mariam A. , Syed Sulaiman Syed A. , Ashour Abdullah M. , Al-Saati Ma’ad F. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Total knee replacement (TKR) is a major orthopedic surgery that is considered high risk for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes that resulted from the use of a new proposed VTE risk stratification protocol for selecting a suitable extended VTE prophylaxis for post TKR surgery patients administered in conjunction with patient education programs.
Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in two medical centers in Saudi Arabia. A total of 242 patients were enrolled in the study, 121 patients in each group. The experimental group (A) was assessed by using the proposed VTE risk stratification protocol and also took part in patient education programs about TKR and its complications. The control group (B) was assessed by using the 2005 Caprini risk assessment tool and no education programs were given to this group. Both groups were followed for 35 days post operation.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.86 (SD 8.67) and the majority of them were female 137 (56.6%). The mean body mass index of the study sample was 32.46 (SD 5.51). There were no significant differences between the two groups except for surgery type; the proportion of bilateral TKR in group A was higher than in group B (69/121 (28.5%) vs. 40/121(16.5%), p˂0.05). There were no confirmed pulmonary embolism cases in the study sample and diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis was confirmed in 12/242 (5.0%) of patients: 1/121 (0.8%) in group A and 11/121 (9.1%) in group B (p˂0.05). The readmission rate for all patients was 2.5% (6/242), all of whom were in group B (p˂0.05).
Conclusion: The proposed VTE risk stratification protocol that was applied in conjunction with patient education programs reduced VTE complications and readmission events, post TKR surgery.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04031859.
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM NOVEL RANAH 3 WARNA KARYA A. FUADI
Authors: Mudassir Ahmad , Adriana Iswah 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan penulis terhadap kesantunan berbahasa dalam novel Ranah 3 Warna Karya A. Fuadi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kesantunan berbahasa dalam novel tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah catatan dokumentasi wujud pematuhan, pelanggaran prinsip kesantunan, dan skala kesantunan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Ranah 3 Warna Karya A. Fuadi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan metode simak dan teknik catat. Analisis data dengan teknik deskriptif analisis. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini meliputi membaca dan memahami percakapan antar tokoh, mengidentifikasi data kesantunan berbahasa, menandai percakapan antar tokoh, mengklasifikasi data, dan mendeskripsi data kesantunan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah wujud pematuhan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa yang meliputi maksim kebijaksanaan, kedermawanan, penghargaan, kesederhanaan, pemufakatan, dan kesimpatian. Wujud pelanggaran prinsip kesantunan barbahasa yang meliputi maksim kebijaksanaan, kedermawanan, pengharhgaan, kesederhanaan, pemufakatan, dan kesimpatian. Skala kesantunan Leech dalam novel tersebut meliputi skala kerugian dan keuntungan, skala pilihan, skala ketidak langsungan, skala keotoritasan dan skala jarak sosial.
CORRELATION OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE WITH PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN UNDER TWO YEARS
Authors: Almeida Denisca Vanya , Syahrul Fariani 
Published: September 2020

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death for children and is caused by pneumococcus, staphylococcus, and streptococcus bacteria. Exclusive breastfeeding and exposure to cigarette smoke are risk factors for pneumonia in children less than two years old. Purpose: The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding or exposure to cigarette smoke and pneumonia in children aged less than two years at Public Health Center (PHC) of Wates, Kediri District. Methods: This research employed analytic observational research using a case–control research design. The number of research samples used was 60, consisting of 30 case respondents and 30 control respondents. The samples were taken in the PHC of Wates, Kediri District’s working area in July 2019. The determination of the samples was carried out through simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using chi-square analysis. Results: The research variables related to pneumonia in children less than two years old at PHC of Wates, Kediri District were exclusive breastfeeding with Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.50 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.20–10.19), the age of the mothers of the two-year-old infants with OR = 0.19 (95% CI = 0.04–0.78), and the education of the mothers of children less than two years old with OR = 3.14 (95% CI = 1.07–9.27). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding, maternal age, and mothers’ level of education are some of the risk factors for pneumonia. The suggestion from this research is to hold socialization in the form of pneumonia prevention, education on exclusive breastfeeding for mothers who have children under two years of age, and the dangers of smoking for children's health.