bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitive detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 by multiplex droplet digital RT-PCR
Authors: de Kock Remco , Baselmans Mieke , Scharnhorst Volkher , Deiman Birgit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a one-step droplet digital RT-PCR (RT-ddPCR) multiplex assay that allows for sensitive quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA with respect to human-derived RNA and could be used for screening and monitoring of Covid-19 patients. A one-step RT-ddPCR multiplex assay was developed for simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 E, RdRp and N viral RNA, and human Rpp30 DNA and GUSB mRNA, for internal nucleic acid (NA) extraction and RT-PCR control. Dilution series of viral RNA transcripts were prepared in water and total NA extract of Covid-19-negative patients. As reference assay, an E-GUSB duplex RT-PCR was used. GUSB mRNA detection was used to set validity criteria to assure viral RNA and RT-PCR assay quality and to enable quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. In a background of at least 100 GUSB mRNA copies, 5 copies of viral RNA are reliably detectable and 10 copies viral RNA copies are reliably quantifiable. It was found that assay sensitivity of the RT-ddPCR was not affected by the total NA background while assay sensitivity of the gold standard RT-PCR assay is drastically decreased when SARS-CoV-2 copies were detected in a background of total NA extract compared with water. The present study describes a robust and sensitive one-step ddRT-PCR multiplex assay for reliable quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. By determining the fractional abundance of viral RNA with respect to a human housekeeping gene, viral loads from different samples can be compared, what could be used to investigate the infectiveness and to monitor Covid-19 patients.
Adolescents’ profiles based on student agency and teacher autonomy support: does interpersonal justice matter?
Authors: Grazia Valentina , Mameli Consuelo , Molinari Luisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, we adopted a person-oriented approach to (a) identify latent profiles of adolescents characterized by unique patterns of perceived teacher autonomy support and student agency, (b) investigate whether perceived interpersonal justice can predict profile membership and (c) compare different profiles in relation to personal responsibility. Participants were 545 Italian secondary school students (55% boys, 94% born in Italy, Mage = 14.24, SDage = .53). Five adolescents’ profiles emerged: disengaged (24%), average students (34%) and committed (28%), with low, mean and high scores, respectively, in both teacher autonomy support and agency; resistant (5%), with low scores in teacher autonomy support and high scores in agency; compliant (9%), with high scores in teacher autonomy support and low scores in agency. Perceptions of interpersonal justice significantly predicted profile membership in the comparison of almost all profiles. Several significant differences in responsibility among profiles also emerged. Implications of the findings for practices and policies are discussed.
Letalität und Risikofaktoren für einen schweren Verlauf der COVID-19-Pneumonie
Authors: Flick Holger 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Schwere einer SARS-CoV-2-Pneumonie, ihr Verlauf, die Letalität und Mortalität werden multifaktoriell durch den unmittelbaren Parenchymschaden im Bereich der Lungen (inklusive der Pulmonalgefäße), vorbestehende Komorbiditäten, extrapulmonale Komplikationen, sekundäre Infektionen und die Qualität der verfügbaren medizinischen Versorgung bedingt. Diesbezüglich ist COVID-19 vergleichbar mit anderen schweren ambulant erworbenen Pneumonien durch konventionelle Erreger, auch wenn sich die Pathogenese unterscheidet. Die Letalität von hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten beträgt näherungsweise 20 % (damit höher als bei anderen Pneumonieerregern), bei intensivpflichtigen Patienten 30–40 % und von invasiv beatmeten Patienten ca. 50 %. Für die Letalität ausschlaggebende Risikofaktoren sind hohes Alter, Übergewicht, männliches Geschlecht und typische altersabhängige kardiopulmonale Grunderkrankungen. Die klinische Risikoeinschätzung im Krankenhaus sollte im Wesentlichen entsprechend den gültigen Pneumonieleitlinien erfolgen. Die Wertigkeit von COVID-19-spezifischen laborchemischen Surrogatmarkern zur Risikoeinschätzung und Behandlungsoptimierung ist noch nicht ausreichend beurteilbar.
Application of freeze-dried Yarrowia lipolytica biomass in the synthesis of lipophilic antioxidants
Authors: Zieniuk Bartłomiej , Wołoszynowska Małgorzata , Białecka-Florjańczyk Ewa , Fabiszewska Agata 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using Y. lipolytica biomass as a whole-cell catalyst in the synthesis of lipophilic antioxidants, with the example of esterification of five phenolic acids with 1-butanol.

Results
Freeze-dried Y. lipolytica biomass was successfully applied as a biocatalyst in the synthesis of esters of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives with 75–98% conversion. However, in the case of phenylacetic acid derivatives, results below 10% were obtained. The biological activity of phenolic acid esters was strongly associated with their chemical structures. Butyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate showed an IC50 value of 19 mg/ml (95 mM) and TEAC value of 0.427. Among the compounds tested, butyl esters of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acids exhibited the highest antifungal activity.

Conclusions
Lipophilization of phenolic acids achieved by enzymatic esterification creates prospects for using these compounds as food additives with antioxidant properties in lipid-rich food matrices.
Problem Gambling in Early Adulthood: a Population-Based Study
Authors: Emond Alan , Griffiths Mark D. , Hollén Linda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate stability of problem gambling between 20 and 24 years of age, and the antecedents and consequences of problem gambling at age 20 years. Young adult participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) completed computer-administered gambling surveys on paper, or online. Responses to the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) were complete for 2624 participants at 20 years, and 1921 participants at 24 years. Responses were categorized into ‘non-problem’ (71–78%), ‘low-risk gambling’ (16–21%), ‘moderate-risk gambling’ (4–5.5%), and ‘problem gambling’ (1–1.5%). The overall frequency of moderate-risk/problem gambling varied little between age 20 and 24 years, and scratch cards, online betting and gambling were the most frequent activities. Problem gamblers at age 20 years had a history of hyperactivity and conduct problems in adolescence, high sensation seeking, and an external locus of control. They were more likely to have mothers who had problems with gambling, reported less parental supervision, and higher social media usage. Moderate-risk/problem gambling at age 20 years was associated with regular cigarette smoking, high levels of illicit drug use, and problematic use of alcohol at age 24 years. A significant minority of young adults (mainly males) showed problem gambling behaviours which appeared to be established by the age of 20 years and were associated with other potentially addictive behaviours.
Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Suicidal Ideation Among the University Students in Bangladesh: A Single-Site Survey
Authors: Mamun Mohammed A. , Rayhan Istihak , Akter Khaleda , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, suicide among Bangladeshi university students has become a serious problem. However, to date, there have been no studies assessing suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi students. Therefore, the present study investigated suicidal ideation (SI) and its risk factors among this population. A classroom-based convenience sampling method was utilized to survey 665 students of a university in Bangladesh (67.5% males; aged 21.16 years: SD ± 1.6). In addition to socio-demographic questions, the survey also included the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21. Results showed that the prevalence of suicidal ideation was 2.3% in the past 24 h, 4.8% in the past 15 days, 6.9% in the past month, 14.7% in the past year, and 61.1% in the lifetime. The unadjusted regression model showed that being divorced (or separated) from a partner (OR = 4.486, 95% CI = 1.972–10.207, p < 0.0001), Facebook addiction (OR = 1.550, 95% CI = 1.006–2.388, p = 0.047), depression (OR = 1.657, 95% CI = 1.677–4.211, p < 0.0001), anxiety (OR = 2.649, 95% CI = 1.624–4.320, p < 0.0001), and stress (OR = 2.626, 95% CI = 1.673–4.122, p < 0.0001) were the risk factors of past-year SI. Compared with global prevalence rates, the present study reported higher levels of SI prevalence. Therefore, supportive suicide prevention programs are needed to tackle SI and alongside comorbid psychopathology.
Current perspectives on video and audio recording inside the surgical operating room: results of a cross-disciplinary survey
Authors: van de Graaf Floyd W. , Eryigit Özgür , Lange Johan F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe availability of intraoperative multimedia recording is increasing. Considering the growing call for physicians’ accountability, it is inevitable that multimedia will play an important role in aiding quality control by improving the adequacy of operative reporting. However, the perspectives of medical professionals on this matter are poorly known. In this cross-disciplinary survey, we aimed to investigate the current viewpoints concerning the use of multimedia recording in the operating room. We conducted an electronic survey among all affiliated members of the Association of Surgeons of the Netherlands, the Dutch Urological Association and the Dutch Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology containing questions regarding current use of intraoperative recording and the level of likelihood or objection for certain scenarios. The response rate was 27.8%. The survey encompasses 370 (54.5%) surgeons, 71 (10.5%) urologists, 80 (11.8%) gynecologists, and 158 (23.3%) residents in training. 52.4% of respondents feel that the currently used operative report is insufficient for future quality requirements. 58.5% think it is unlikely they would behave differently during surgery when intra-operative video recording is applied. 82.8% think it is unlikely that their surgical methods would be altered. 63.8% of respondents preferred only video registration when intraoperative recording is implemented. The majority of respondents agree that the current method of operative reporting is insufficient for future quality requirements. There is support for intraoperative video recording, however, legal transparency is needed before either intraoperative video or audio recording could be implemented to protect not only the patients, but also the healthcare providers.
Green Shoots in a Barren World: Recent Developments in International Investment Law
Authors: Rudall Jason 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article begins from the observation that there have been a number of developments in international investment law-making and the jurisprudence of investor-state dispute settlement tribunals involving the protection of the environment and human rights. As for law-making, this article explores the evolving substance of international investment agreements as well as regulatory developments in the area of business and human rights that are of relevance to the international investment law framework. The article then turns to consider the emergence of human rights and environmental issues in the recent jurisprudence of investment tribunals and appraises how such issues have been dealt with—both in procedural and substantive terms—by arbitral tribunals. Finally, it questions whether investment tribunals are appropriate venues for the adjudication of non-investment matters like environmental and human rights issues, and highlights best practices that could be adopted by future tribunals. Overall, the article concludes that the piecemeal approach adopted to date provides a step in the right direction but is ultimately inadequate given the multiple challenges that our planet currently faces. Rather, a more ambitious agenda that is concerned with promoting good investment, as opposed to mitigating bad practices, should be pursued.
La première carte d’identité d’Afrique occidentale française (1946-1960): Identifier et s’identifier au Sénégal au temps de la citoyenneté impériale
Authors: Dalberto Séverine Awenengo 
Published: October 2020

La première carte d’identité d’Afrique occidentale française (1946-1960) : Identifier et s’identifier au Sénégal au temps de la citoyenneté impérialeCet article explore le projet et la mise en œuvre au Sénégal de l’arrêté général du 17 octobre 1949 qui institua en Afrique occidentale française (AOF) le port d’une carte d’identité fédérale. Ce projet correspondait à la volonté de généralisation et d’uniformisation de l’identification légale personnelle consécutive à la réforme de l’Empire après-guerre. La fin du régime de l’indigénat et l’octroi de la citoyenneté impériale requéraient en effet que s’établisse un rapport nouveau entre l’État et des individus singuliers, en rupture avec l’approche catégorielle qui avait jusqu’alors été au fondement du gouvernement impérial. Si, à travers l’analyse de l’extension de l’état civil dans les années 1950, l’historiographie a pu récemment éclairer les limites de la nouvelle gouvernementalité coloniale et l’ambivalence de la citoyenneté impériale, l’histoire de cette première carte d’identité est restée un angle mort de la recherche sur les dispositifs d’identification mis en place après-guerre. En mobilisant de nouveaux matériaux archivistiques et empiriques et par un changement d’échelle d’observation, cet article invite à poursuivre la réflexion entamée et à en nuancer certaines conclusions. Il s’attache non seulement à explorer la fabrique bureaucratique, sociale et politique de la carte d’identité, à questionner les régimes de véridiction de l’identité légale, mais aussi à éclairer la manière dont des Africains et des Africaines envisagèrent ces documents, qui furent aussi des supports d’expériences du monde social et, parfois, intime.
Transitions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Patient and Caregiver Experiences
Authors: Munan Matthew , Luth Westerly , Genuis Shelagh K. , Johnston Wendy S.W. , MacIntyre Erika 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) presents many transitions for persons/people with ALS (PwALS) and their caregivers. Transitions are passages from one life phase, condition, or status to another. We used qualitative methods to understand how PwALS and caregivers experience transitions throughout their ALS journey.Methods:PwALS and their caregivers were recruited from a multidisciplinary ALS clinic in Edmonton, Canada. We recruited patients at the stage of ALS that home mechanical ventilation, a feeding tube, and/or assistive communication technology had been offered. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis.Results:We interviewed 14 PwALS and 15 caregivers and identified 5 recurring themes. The importance of community was identified by many PwALS and caregivers who expressed feelings of loneliness and isolation. Most caregivers were spouses and couples navigated a change in their relationship roles as one spouse transitioned to becoming a caregiver while the other transitioned to dependency. The caregiver spouses reported a sense of “total responsibility” that encompassed continual vigilance for the PwALS’s well-being, managing their household and finances. PwALS and caregivers reported transitioning to reliance on life-sustaining medical devices; early adoption and information on these devices increased their quality of life. Participants also wanted more and earlier information on advanced care planning. PwALS and caregivers identified adapting to new forms of communication as a necessity.Conclusion:ALS presents many transitions for PwALS and caregivers. Understanding these transitions is important for ALS healthcare professionals who seek to implement best care practices.
COVID-19 Surge Capacity Solutions: Our Experience of Converting a Concert Hall into a Temporary Hospital for Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Sacchetto Daniela , Raviolo Mario , Beltrando Cristiano , Tommasoni Nicola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has stressed the health care system in Italy as well as around the world, with hospitals implementing their surge capacity to increase the number of available beds for patients positive to the virus.At the end of March, the Piemonte (Northern Italy) Government decided to build a temporary rapid-assembly emergency hospital for the treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19 patients, converting an existing concert hall in the city of Turin. The decision was prompted not only by the urgent need of hospital beds, but also by a forward-looking approach for the months immediately after the emergency, when it will be essential for conventional hospitals to return to a normal configuration.This paper documents the temporary hospital project, describing the site, the layout and the equipment, the idea behind structural choices, and the staff involved. The aim of the work is to share the experience and to provide some practical recommendations to other professionals who are fighting the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.
Effectiveness of Steroid Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia With Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia-Like Reaction: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Taehwa , Son Eunjeong , Jeon Doosoo , Lee Su Jin , Lim Seungjin , Cho Woo Hyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral studies on the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being conducted, and various drugs are being tried; however, the results have not been uniform. Steroids have been widely used in the treatment of COVID-19, but their effects are controversial. As immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents, steroids are considered to reduce lung damage by regulating various inflammatory responses. We report a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pneumonia manifesting as a cryptogenic organizing pneumonia-like reaction and discuss its treatment, clinical course, and favorable outcomes after steroid administration.
Human resources required for antimicrobial stewardship activities for hospitalized patients in Korea
Authors: Park Se Yoon , Chang Hyun-Ha , Kim Bongyoung , Moon Chisook , Lee Mi Suk , Kim Jin Yong , Jung Dong Sik , Kim Shin-Woo , Moon Song Mi , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin ,   for Korea Study Group For Antimicrobial Stewardship (KOSGAP)
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectives:We calculated the human resources required for an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in Korean hospitals.Design:Multicenter retrospective study.Setting:Eight Korean hospitals ranging in size from 295 to 1,337 beds.Methods:The time required for performing ASP activities for all hospitalized patients under antibiotic therapy was estimated and converted into hours per week. The actual time spent on patient reviews of each ASP activity was measured with a small number of cases, then the total time was estimated by applying the determined times to a larger number of cases. Full-time equivalents (FTEs) were measured according to labor laws in Korea (52 hours per week).Results:In total, 225 cases were reviewed to measure time spent on patient reviews. The median time spent per patient review for ASP activities ranged from 10 to 16 minutes. The total time spent on the review for all hospitalized patients was estimated using the observed number of ASP activities for 1,534 patients who underwent antibiotic therapy on surveillance days. The most commonly observed ASP activity was ‘review of surgical prophylactic antibiotics’ (32.7%), followed by ‘appropriate antibiotics recommendations for patients with suspected infection without a proven site of infection but without causative pathogens’ (28.6%). The personnel requirement was calculated as 1.20 FTEs (interquartile range [IQR], 1.02–1.38) per 100 beds and 2.28 FTEs (IQR, 1.93–2.62) per 100 patients who underwent antibiotic therapy, respectively.Conclusion:The estimated time required for human resources performing extensive ASP activities on all hospitalized patients undergoing antibiotic therapy in Korean hospitals was ~1.20 FTEs (IQR, 1.02–1.38) per 100 beds.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in long-term care facilities: A review of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and containment interventions
Authors: Gmehlin Cameron G. , Munoz-Price L. Silvia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong-term care facilities (LTCFs) and their populations have been greatly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this review, we summarize the literature to describe the current epidemiology of COVID-19 in LTCFs, clinical presentations and outcomes in the LTCF population with COVID-19, containment interventions, and the role of healthcare workers in SARS-CoV-2 transmission in these facilities.
Healthcare personnel absenteeism, presenteeism, and staffing challenges during epidemics
Authors: Challener Douglas W. , Breeher Laura E. , Frain JoEllen , Swift Melanie D. , Tosh Pritish K. , O’Horo John 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:Objective:Presenteeism is an expensive and challenging problem in the healthcare industry. In anticipation of the staffing challenges expected with the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined a decade of payroll data for a healthcare workforce. We aimed to determine the effect of seasonal influenza-like illness (ILI) on absences to support COVID-19 staffing plans.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Large academic medical center in the United States.Participants:Employees of the academic medical center who were on payroll between the years of 2009 and 2019.Methods:Biweekly institutional payroll data was evaluated for unscheduled absences as a marker for acute illness-related work absences. Linear regression models, stratified by payroll status (salaried vs hourly employees) were developed for unscheduled absences as a function of local ILI.Results:Both hours worked and unscheduled absences were significantly related to the community prevalence of influenza-like illness in our cohort. These effects were stronger in hourly employees.Conclusions:Organizations should target their messaging at encouraging salaried staff to stay home when ill.