bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote delivery of CBT training, clinical supervision and services: in times of crisis or business as usual
Authors: Cromarty Paul , Gallagher Dominic , Watson Julianne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has forced health services to adapt their delivery to protect the health of all concerned, and avoid service users facing severe disruption. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services in particular are having to explore remote working methods to continue functioning. Australian IAPT services have utilised remote delivery methods and disruptive technologies at their core from inception. This was to maintain fidelity and clinical governance across vast distances but has allowed training, supervision and service delivery to continue virtually uninterrupted through coronavirus restrictions. On this basis, key recommendations for remote working are outlined. Remote methods are defined as (1) real time delivery, (2) independent delivery and (3) blended delivery. These are applied across three broad areas of remote training, remote clinical supervision and remote service delivery. Recommendations may be of great benefit to IAPT training institutions, clinical supervisors and service providers considering a move towards remote delivery. Challenges, adaptations and examples of applying remote methods are outlined, including case examples of methods applied to low-intensity and high-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy. Remote methods can safeguard service continuity in times of worldwide crisis and can contribute to reducing the impact of increased mental health presentations post-COVID-19.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the core areas of remote training, clinical supervision and service delivery.

(2)
To review and distinguish between three broad methods of remote working.

(3)
To understand how to plan remote working via key recommendations and case examples.
Causes of Variability in Suspended‐Sand Concentration Evaluated Using Measurements in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon
Authors: Rubin D. M. , Buscombe D. , Wright S. A. , Topping D. J. , Grams P. E. , Schmidt J. C. , Hazel J. E. , Kaplinski M. A. , Tusso R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRivers commonly exhibit substantial variability in suspended‐sand concentration, even at constant water discharge. Here we derive an approach for evaluating how much of this variability arises from mean bed‐sand grain size. We apply this approach to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, where discharge‐independent concentration of suspended sand varies by more than a factor of 23 (N = 1.4 × 106). Theory predicts that where concentration is controlled by bed‐sand grain size, concentration and grain size in suspension will be inversely correlated (i.e., coarsening of the bed causes suspended sand to become coarser in grain size and lower in concentration). Although the observed correlation is negative, riverbed grain size accounts for only 40% of the variability in concentration. The residuals vary by an order of magnitude; they arise from other processes, such as changes in topography or distribution of sand that cause shear stress to change at constant discharge, changes in the fine tail of bed‐sand grain sizes or changing bedforms. Both bed sand and the other factors influence concentration for durations from less than 1 day to several years. Predictions of concentration based on bed‐sand grain size (N = 4 × 104) are less accurate than predictions based on suspended‐sand grain size, probably because suspended sand is a natural integrator of sand‐transporting processes, giving more weight to those areas of the bed that exchange more sand with the flow. Although the causes of variability vary from one river to another, the approach illustrated here is applicable to any river in which concentration varies at constant water discharge.
Isotopic Fingerprints of Ice‐Rafted Debris Offer New Constraints on Middle to Late Quaternary Arctic Circulation and Glacial History
Authors: Dong Linsen , Polyak Leonid , Liu Yanguang , Shi Xuefa , Zhang Jun , Huang Yuanhui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor the first time, ice‐rafted debris provenance related to the Quaternary glacial discharge and circulation was constrained using radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes from a sedimentary record (Core BN05) from the central Arctic Ocean. The record is composed of glacial/interglacial intervals estimated to span ~0.5 Ma (Marine Isotope Stages [MIS] 1–14). Nd versus Sr isotope data show two end member groups, further elaborated using Pb isotopes. Glacial data mostly point at North American sources with unradiogenic εNd and high 87Sr/86Sr values, including detrital carbonate (dolomite) layers originating from Paleozoic rocks eroded by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The opposite end member group including estimated MIS6 and MIS4 samples indicates the Siberian Large Igneous Province eroded by the Eurasian Ice Sheet as the major source, possibly with additional inputs from the East Siberian Ice Sheet. The limited evidence for Siberian Ice Sheet provenance may result from the predominant distribution of this glaciation on the continental shelf providing weak, fine‐grained sediments. Glacial‐time western Arctic circulation inferred from isotopic data is mostly similar to the modern Beaufort Gyre but was more streamlined toward the Fram Strait during some glacial events. Interglacial/major interstadial, presumably sea ice transported sediments, shows a mixture of North American and Siberian sources, consistent with historically observed variations in the Transpolar Drift versus Beaufort Gyre circulation. Isotope pattern in major interglacials (e.g., MIS5e, MIS11, and MIS 13) resembles the recent trend of increased sediment ice transport from the East Siberian/Chukchi Sea, possibly in relation to the ongoing Arctic warming.
Restoring MLL reactivates latent tumor suppression-mediated vulnerability to proteasome inhibitors
Authors: Ge Maolin , Li Dan , Qiao Zhi , Sun Yan , Kang Ting , Zhu Shouhai , Wang Shifen , Xiao Hua , Zhao Chunjun , Shen Shuhong , Xu Zhenshu , Liu Han 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMLL undergoes multiple distinct chromosomal translocations to yield aggressive leukemia with dismal outcomes. Besides their well-established role in leukemogenesis, MLL fusions also possess latent tumor-suppressive activity, which can be exploited as effective cancer treatment strategies using pharmacological means such as proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Here, using MLL-rearranged xenografts and MLL leukemic cells as models, we show that wild-type MLL is indispensable for the latent tumor-suppressive activity of MLL fusions. MLL dysfunction, shown as loss of the chromatin accumulation and subsequent degradation of MLL, compromises the latent tumor suppression of MLL-AF4 and is instrumental for the acquired PI resistance. Mechanistically, MLL dysfunction is caused by chronic PI treatment-induced epigenetic reprogramming through the H2Bub-ASH2L-MLL axis and can be specifically restored by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which induce histone acetylation and recruits MLL on chromatin to promote cell cycle gene expression. Our findings not only demonstrate the mechanism underlying the inevitable acquisition of PI resistance in MLL leukemic cells, but also illustrate that preventing the emergence of PI-resistant cells constitutes a novel rationale for combination therapy with PIs and HDAC inhibitors in MLL leukemias.
EN2 as an oncogene promotes tumor progression via regulating CCL20 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Yimin , Liu Jiaxin , Xiao Qing , Tian Ruotong , Zhou Zhengwei , Gan Yaqi , Li Yuanyuan , Shu Guang , Yin Gang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEngrailed-2 (EN2), a member of the engrailed homeobox family, has been shown to be abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers. However, the expression and the clinical significance of EN2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) are largely unknown. Firstly, we found that EN2 acted as an oncogene in CRC. EN2 was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Higher EN2 expression was significantly associated with poorer survival rate. Knockdown of EN2 markedly inhibited proliferation and migration capacities of SW480 cells in vitro, and suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, Chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), a member of the C-C motif chemokine subfamily, was identified as a direct target gene of EN2 in CRC. CCL20 expression was positively correlated with EN2 expression in CRC tissues. Moreover, EN2 promoted the proliferation and migration of CRC cells by regulating the expression of CCL20 in vitro. These results suggest that EN2 plays a critical role in the CRC tumor progression and may serve as a potential target for CRC prevention and therapy.
Inhibition of miR-1193 leads to synthetic lethality in glioblastoma multiforme cells deficient of DNA-PKcs
Authors: Zhang Jing , Jing Li , Tan Subee , Zeng Er-Ming , Lin Yingbo , He Lingfeng , Hu Zhigang , Liu Jianping , Guo Zhigang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor and has the highest mortality rate among cancers and high resistance to radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although some targeted therapies can partially inhibit oncogenic mutation-driven proliferation of GBM cells, therapies harnessing synthetic lethality are ‘coincidental’ treatments with high effectiveness in cancers with gene mutations, such as GBM, which frequently exhibits DNA-PKcs mutation. By implementing a highly efficient high-throughput screening (HTS) platform using an in-house-constructed genome-wide human microRNA inhibitor library, we demonstrated that miR-1193 inhibition sensitized GBM tumor cells with DNA-PKcs deficiency. Furthermore, we found that miR-1193 directly targets YY1AP1, leading to subsequent inhibition of FEN1, an important factor in DNA damage repair. Inhibition of miR-1193 resulted in accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and thus increased genomic instability. RPA-coated ssDNA structures enhanced ATR checkpoint kinase activity, subsequently activating the CHK1/p53/apoptosis axis. These data provide a preclinical theory for the application of miR-1193 inhibition as a potential synthetic lethal approach targeting GBM cancer cells with DNA-PKcs deficiency.
Hotspot mutant p53-R273H inhibits KLF6 expression to promote cell migration and tumor metastasis
Authors: Sun Shengnan , Chen Hu , Sun Lijuan , Wang Miao , Wu Xianqiang , Xiao Zhi-Xiong Jim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHotspot p53 mutant proteins often gain novel functions in promoting tumor metastases. However, the molecular mechanisms by which mutant p53 exerts gain-of-function in cancer are not totally understood. In this study, we demonstrate that hotspot mutant p53, p53-R273H, promotes cell scattering growth and migration via inhibiting the expression of Krupple-like factor 6 (KLF6), a Zinc finger transcription factor and a documented tumor suppressor. Restoration of KLF6 increases the expression of E-cadherin downregulated by p53-R273H and inhibits p53-R273H-induced cell migration and tumor metastasis. Further, p53-R273H reduces KLF6 transcription by upregulating EGFR expression which in turn activates AKT–FOXO1 axis. Pharmacological inhibitor of AKT, MK2206, rescues KLF6 expression and suppresses p53-R273H-induced cell migration. Clinical analyses reveal that KLF6 expression is decreased in human breast cancer specimens harboring p53 mutations, and negatively correlated with EGFR expression in human breast cancer. In addition, low expression of KLF6 is associated with poor overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in p53 mutated human breast cancer patients. Together, these results reveal an important role for EGFR–AKT–FOXO1–KLF6–E-cadherin axis in mutant p53-induced cell migration and tumor metastasis.
Tailored hardening of ZrCuAl bulk metallic glass induced by 2D gradient rejuvenation
Authors: Ryu Wookha , Yamada Rui , Saida Junji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe work hardening behavior of bulk metallic glasses has not been previously ascribed to their intrinsic structure but rather to the introduction of other components that act as hardening elements. Here, we present clear evidence of a 2D gradient rejuvenation state that can induce tailored hardening of a monolithic bulk metallic glass. We show that the local free volume content related to the rejuvenation state controls the shear band angle and the maximum effective shear stress. Hence, shear band propagation is prohibited, and the formation of a complete shear plane transecting the whole specimen is blocked. The generation of plastic strain is accompanied by an increase in the critical shear stress, resulting in sustainable apparent hardening. In this way, we present a bulk metallic glass that has a tailored hardening mechanism and establish an experimental link between a gradient rejuvenation state and mechanical properties.
Distinct magneto-Raman signatures of spin-flip phase transitions in CrI3
Authors: McCreary Amber , Mai Thuc T. , Utermohlen Franz G. , Simpson Jeffrey R. , Garrity Kevin F. , Feng Xiaozhou , Shcherbakov Dmitry , Zhu Yanglin , Hu Jin , Weber Daniel , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Goldberger Joshua E. , Mao Zhiqiang , Lau Chun Ning , Lu Yuanming , Trivedi Nandini , Valdés Aguilar Rolando , Hight Walker Angela R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe discovery of 2-dimensional (2D) materials, such as CrI3, that retain magnetic ordering at monolayer thickness has resulted in a surge of both pure and applied research in 2D magnetism. Here, we report a magneto-Raman spectroscopy study on multilayered CrI3, focusing on two additional features in the spectra that appear below the magnetic ordering temperature and were previously assigned to high frequency magnons. Instead, we conclude these modes are actually zone-folded phonons. We observe a striking evolution of the Raman spectra with increasing magnetic field applied perpendicular to the atomic layers in which clear, sudden changes in intensities of the modes are attributed to the interlayer ordering changing from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic at a critical magnetic field. Our work highlights the sensitivity of the Raman modes to weak interlayer spin ordering in CrI3.
Cascadia low frequency earthquakes at the base of an overpressured subduction shear zone
Authors: Calvert Andrew J. , Bostock Michael G. , Savard Geneviève , Unsworth Martyn J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn subduction zones, landward dipping regions of low shear wave velocity and elevated Poisson’s ratio, which can extend to at least 120 km depth, are interpreted to be all or part of the subducting igneous oceanic crust. This crust is considered to be overpressured, because fluids within it are trapped beneath an impermeable seal along the overlying inter-plate boundary. Here we show that during slow slip on the plate boundary beneath southern Vancouver Island, low frequency earthquakes occur immediately below both the landward dipping region of high Poisson’s ratio and a 6–10 km thick shear zone revealed by seismic reflections. The plate boundary here either corresponds to the low frequency earthquakes or to the anomalous elastic properties in the lower 3–5 km of the shear zone immediately above them. This zone of high Poisson’s ratio, which approximately coincides with an electrically conductive layer, can be explained by slab-derived fluids trapped at near-lithostatic pore pressures.
Orbital angular momentum multiplexed deterministic all-optical quantum teleportation
Authors: Liu Shengshuai , Lou Yanbo , Jing Jietai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantum teleportation is one of the most essential protocol in quantum information. In addition to increasing the scale of teleportation distance, improving its information transmission capacity is also vital importance for its practical applications. Recently, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has attracted wide attention as an important degree of freedom for realizing multiplexing to increase information transmission capacity. Here we show that by utilizing the OAM multiplexed continuous variable entanglement, 9 OAM multiplexed channels of parallel all-optical quantum teleportation can be deterministically established in experiment. More importantly, our parallel all-optical quantum teleportation scheme can teleport OAM-superposition-mode coded coherent state, which demonstrates the teleportation of more than one optical mode with fidelity beating the classical limit and thus ensures the increase of information transmission capacity. Our results open the avenue for deterministically implementing parallel quantum communication protocols and provide a promising paradigm for constructing high-capacity all-optical quantum communication networks.
Towards intermediate-band photovoltaic absorbers: theoretical insights on the incorporation of Ti and Nb in In2S3
Authors: Ghorbani Elaheh , Barragan-Yani Daniel , Albe Karsten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCreation of a partially filled intermediate band in a photovoltaic absorber material is an appealing concept for increasing the quantum efficiency of solar cells. Recently, we showed that formation of a partially filled intermediate band through doping a host semiconductor with a transition metal dopant is hindered by the strongly correlated nature of d-electrons and the antecedent Jahn–Teller distortion, as we have previously reported. In present work, we take a step forward and study the delocalization of a filled (valence-like) intermediate band throughout the lattice: a case study of Ti- and Nb-doped In2S3. By means of hybrid density functional calculations, we present extensive analysis on structural properties and interactions leading to electronic characteristics of Ti- and Nb-doped In2S3. We find that Nb creates an occupied doublet, which can become delocalized onto the crystal at high but feasible concentrations (around 2.5 at% and above). As a consequence, doping In2S3 with adequately high concentrations of Nb allows the subgap intermediate band to conduction band absorption, which leads to higher photocurrent densities compared to pure In2S3. Ti on the other hand forms an occupied singlet intermediate band, which remains strongly localized even at high concentration of 5 at%.
Localized fluid discharge by tensile cracking during the post-seismic period in subduction zones
Authors: Otsubo Makoto , Hardebeck Jeanne L. , Miyakawa Ayumu , Yamaguchi Asuka , Kimura Gaku 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is thought that extensional structures (extensional cracks and normal faults) generated during the post-seismic period create fluid pathways that enhance the drainage of the subducting plate interface, thus reducing the pore pressure and increasing fault strength. However, it remains to be elucidated how much pore fluid pressure decreases by the extension crack formation. Here we examined (i) the pore fluid pressure decrease, and (ii) the degree fault strength recovery by the extension crack formation during the post-seismic period by analyzing extension quartz veins exposed around the Nobeoka Thrust, southwestern Japan. The Nobeoka Trust is an on-land analog of the modern splay fault at shallow depths (~ 8 km) in the Nankai Trough. The poro-elastic model of extensional quartz vein formation indicates that the formation of extensional cracks only releases up to ~ 7–8% of the total pore fluid pressure at ~ 8 km depth. The pore pressure around the Nobeoka Thrust was close to lithostatic pressure during the entire seismic cycle. The estimated effective frictional coefficient along the Nobeoka Thrust after this small fluid-loss by the extensional crack formation does not exceed 0.15. Hence, the pore fluid pressure reduction due to the post-seismic extensional cracks contributes little to increase the fault strength of the megasplay fault.
Large eddy simulation of turbidity currents in a narrow channel with different obstacle configurations
Authors: Goodarzi Danial , Sookhak Lari Kaveh , Khavasi Ehsan , Abolfathi Soroush 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTurbidity currents are frequently observed in natural and man-made environments, with the potential of adversely impacting the performance and functionality of hydraulic structures through sedimentation and reduction in storage capacity and an increased erosion. Construction of obstacles upstream of hydraulic structures is a common method of tackling adverse effects of turbidity currents. This paper numerically investigates the impacts of obstacle’s height and geometrical shape on the settling of sediments and hydrodynamics of turbidity currents in a narrow channel. A robust numerical model based on LES method was developed and successfully validated against physical modelling measurements. This study modelled the effects of discretization of particles size distribution on sediment deposition and propagation in the channel. Two obstacles geometry including rectangle and triangle were studied with varying heights of 0.06, 0.10 and 0.15 m. The results show that increasing the obstacle height will reduce the magnitude of dense current velocity and sediment transport in narrow channels. It was also observed that the rectangular obstacles have more pronounced effects on obstructing the flow of turbidity current, leading to an increase in the sediment deposition and mitigating the impacts of turbidity currents.
Inferring disease subtypes from clusters in explanation space
Authors: Schulz Marc-Andre , Chapman-Rounds Matt , Verma Manisha , Bzdok Danilo , Georgatzis Konstantinos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIdentification of disease subtypes and corresponding biomarkers can substantially improve clinical diagnosis and treatment selection. Discovering these subtypes in noisy, high dimensional biomedical data is often impossible for humans and challenging for machines. We introduce a new approach to facilitate the discovery of disease subtypes: Instead of analyzing the original data, we train a diagnostic classifier (healthy vs. diseased) and extract instance-wise explanations for the classifier’s decisions. The distribution of instances in the explanation space of our diagnostic classifier amplifies the different reasons for belonging to the same class–resulting in a representation that is uniquely useful for discovering latent subtypes. We compare our ability to recover subtypes via cluster analysis on model explanations to classical cluster analysis on the original data. In multiple datasets with known ground-truth subclasses, particularly on UK Biobank brain imaging data and transcriptome data from the Cancer Genome Atlas, we show that cluster analysis on model explanations substantially outperforms the classical approach. While we believe clustering in explanation space to be particularly valuable for inferring disease subtypes, the method is more general and applicable to any kind of sub-type identification.