bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into sperm ultrastructure through enhanced scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Korneev Denis , Jo Merriner D. , Gervinskas Gediminas , de Marco Alex , O’Bryan Moira K 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe analysis of spermatozoa morphology is fundamental to understand male fertility and the aetiology of infertility. Traditionally scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to define surface topology. Recently, however, it has become a critical tool for three-dimensionally analyse of internal cellular ultrastructure. Modern SEM provides nanometer-scale resolution, but the meaningfulness of such information is proportional to the quality of the sample preservation. In this study, we demonstrate that sperm quickly and robustly adhere to gold-coated surfaces. Leveraging this property, we developed three step-by-step protocols fulfilling different needs for sperm imaging: chemically fixed monolayers for SEM examination of the external morphology, and two high-pressure freezing-based protocols for fast SEM examination of full cell internal morphology and focused ion-beam SEM (FIB-SEM) tomography. These analyses allow previously unappreciated insights into mouse sperm ultrastructure, including the identification of novel structures within the fibrous sheath and domain-specific interactions between the plasma membrane and exosome-like structures.
SARS-CoV-2 serological tests can generate false positive results for samples from patients with chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Kharlamova Nastya , Dunn Nicky , Bedri Sahl K , Jerling Svante , Almgren Malin , Faustini Francesca , Gunnarsson Iva , Rönnelid Johan , Pullerits Rille , Gjertsson Inger , Lundberg Karin , Månberg Anna , Pin Elisa , Nilsson Peter , Hober Sophia , Fink Katharina , Fogdell-Hahn Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesPatients with chronic inflammatory diseases are often treated with immunosuppressants and therefore are of particular concern during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Serological tests will improve our understanding of the infection and immunity in this population, unless the tests give false positive results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specificity of SARS-Cov-2 serological assays with samples from patients with chronic inflammatory diseases collected before April 2019, thus defined as negative.MethodsSamples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS, n=10), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=47) with or without rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP2) and RF +/- systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n=10), were tested with 17 commercially available lateral flow assays (LFA), two ELISA kits and one in-house developed multiplex bead-based assay.ResultsSix LFA and the in-house IgG assay gave the correct negative results for all samples. However, the majority of assays (n=13), gave false positive signal with samples from patients with RA and SLE. This was most notable in RF positive RA samples. MS samples did not give any false positive in any of the assays.ConclusionThe majority of the verified serological assays were sensitive to interfering antibodies in samples from patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and therefore may have poor specificity in this context. For these patients, the risk of false positivity should be considered when interpreting results of the SARS-CoV-2 serological assays.
The ‘fat but powerful’ paradox: association of muscle power and adiposity markers with all-cause mortality in older adults from the EXERNET Multi-center Study
Authors: Alcazar Julian , Navarrete-Villanueva David , Mañas Asier , Gómez-Cabello Alba , Pedrero-Chamizo Raquel , Alegre Luis M. , Villa-Vicente Jose G. , Gusi Narcis , González-Gross Marcela , Casajús Jose A. , Vicente-Rodríguez German , Ara Ignacio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the influence of muscle power and adiposity on all-cause mortality risk and to evaluate the ‘fat but powerful’ (or ‘fat but fit’) paradox in older adults.MethodsA total of 2563 older adults (65‒91 years old) from the EXERNET Multi-center study were included. Adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage (BF%) and fat index), allometric and relative power (sit-to-stand muscle power test) and various covariates (age, sex, hypertension, smoking status, and walking and sitting times per day) were registered at baseline. All-cause mortality was recorded during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. Participants were classified into four groups: lean and powerful (L+P), fat but powerful (F+P), lean but weak (L+W) and fat and weak (F+W). Cox proportional hazard regression models and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated.ResultsAccording to BMI and waist circumference, all-cause mortality risk was reduced in the F+P (HR=0.55 and 0.63, respectively; p≤0.049) and L+P (HR=0.57 and 0.58, respectively; p≤0.043) groups. According to BF%, all-cause mortality decreased in the L+P group (HR=0.53; p=0.021), and a trend for a reduction was reported in the F+P group (HR=0.57; p=0.060). According to fat index, a survival benefit was only noted in the L+P group (HR=0.50; p=0.049). Higher levels of relative power reduced all-cause mortality risk among older people (HR=0.63 and 0.53, respectively; p≤0.011).ConclusionPowerful older people exhibited a reduced 9-year all-cause mortality regardless of BMI, waist circumference and BF%. Obesity according to fat index blunted the survival benefits of being powerful.
Triple Helix analysis from Fapemig data for the last 10 years
Authors: Bernardino Crystyane Ferreira , Debortoli Joseane Viola , Veloso Washington Gonçalo Rodrigues , Nunes Adriana Gontijo , Assis Lilian Bambirra de 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The puropose of this study is to analyze the functioning of the triple helix interaction in Minas Gerais, through the case study of the Minas Gerais State Research Support Foundation (Fapemig).

Design/methodology/approach
The information was collected from the Activity Reports published by Fapemig. Quantitative methods were used for structural analysis and data tabulation of the researched and qualitative programs for a procedural and documentary analysis of projects promoted by Fapemig between the years 2009 and 2018.

Findings
The Fapemig showed itself to be a fundamental agent for innovation and the development of interactions between the state, universities and companies in Minas Gerais, through the creation of programs, offered in public notices, financing them and creating a space of consensus among the agents.

Originality/value
There is few research on triple helix interaction for the state of Minas Gerais; most research on this topic is concentrated in some regions of the country, and the present work contributes to fill this research gap, besides demonstrating, in a case study, applications of recent and still little-explored concepts of the literature on triple helix.
Recovery planning and resilience of SMEs during the COVID-19: experience from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nurunnabi Mohammad 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study is to tell a story about how the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), using Saudi Arabia as an example. In particular, this study explores how SMEs in Saudi Arabia address needed changes in their survival strategy in the market during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
This reflective essay is based on the “White Paper 3” of the Global SME Policy Network (GSPN). The GSPN is a global think tank based in Saudi Arabia. As one of the founding leaders of the GSPN and one of the authors of White Paper 03, the author writes this reflective essay based on the interviews of the Chief Executive Officers of 111 SMEs in Saudi Arabia. The interviewees were from six administrative areas including Al-Baaha, Eastern Region, Madinah, Makkah, Qassim and Riyadh. Importantly, 84.7%interviewees were from Riyadh.

Findings
The government has provided significant efforts and stimulus package to keep stable employment and small and medium businesses. A majority of the companies were satisfied with the stimulus packages announced by the government. The author believes that organizations need to monitor and evaluate all the developments associated with the spread of the emerging virus and to develop and implement contingency plans to meet any undesirable circumstances arising from COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value
The author believes that the role of SMEs in economic transformation and Vision 2030 is imperative. The author observes that Saudi Arabia is working to increase the contribution of SMEs to gross domestic product from 20% to 35%. Other countries should continuously evaluate the SME impact because of the COVID-19 and continue the support based on the evaluation report such as Saudi Arabia.
Structural inequalities exposed by COVID-19 in the UK: the need for an accounting for care
Authors: Haynes Kathryn 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a reflective account of inequalities exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and the need for an accounting for care to address them.

Design/methodology/approach
A commentary on COVID-19 in the UK and the societal inequalities it has exposed.

Findings
Entrenched societal inequalities relating to age, health, poverty, disability, race and gender in the UK are highlighted through the experience of COVID-19.

Research limitations/implications
Accounting research has a further role to play in exposing inequalities, promoting enhanced measures for inequalities, promoting care and transforming society.

Originality/value
This paper is a unique account and personal viewpoint.
The use of accounting in managing the institutional complexities of a festival organisation pursuing financial and social objectives
Authors: Knardal Per Ståle , Burns John 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of accounting when managing the institutional complexities of a festival organisation pursuing financial and social objectives. Specifically, it focuses on how accounting can be implicated in handling a festival’s multiple and potentially conflicting logics. Also, through mobilising the concept of institutional work, the following builds on our knowledge of the importance of what people do, in managing an organisation’s institutional complexity.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is grounded in a qualitative case study, for which the primary data derives from interviews, plus examination of internal documents and information in the public domain.

Findings
The festival studied is commercially successful, though ultimately one of its main organisational goals is to maximise donations to charitable causes. Other goals include: offering an alternative community through music, particularly to the young; fostering new and innovative artistry; and nurturing a festival family that is rooted to a large extent in its army of volunteers. The paper reveals how seeking such goals simultaneously requires the handling of logics that potentially can pull in opposite directions. Moreover, it highlights the efforts of festival organisers to maintain coexistence between the different logics, including the utilisation of accounting, accounts and accountability to facilitate this.

Originality/value
There are three main contributions of the paper. First, it offers new insight into how accounting can be purposefully used to mediate between potentially opposing logics in a complex organisational setting. Second, the paper extends our knowledge of the use of accounting specifically within a popular culture context. Third, the following adds to recent use of the concept of institutional work to understand why and how people mobilise accounting to handle institutional complexity in organisational settings.
The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises in the tourism sector: the role of leadership competencies
Authors: Cong Le Chi , Thu Dao Anh 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis research aims to adopt competitiveness theory to analyse the effects of leadership competencies on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector.Design/methodology/approachThis research collected data from 200 participants, who are in management positions of tourism SMEs in Vietnam. Structural equation modelling was applied.FindingsThe results indicate satisfactory reliability and validity of the constructs and support for two models within a structural equation modelling to evaluate the influence of leadership competencies on the competitiveness of SMEs. The data from both customers and competitors show that the competitiveness and the performance of the enterprise are affected by hands-on experience; relationships building competencies; strategic vision; operations management competencies. Furthermore, customers also value professional knowledge of the enterprises' leaders.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that the government agencies and tourism SMEs themselves should focus more on leadership. Training courses, exchange programs, seminars and workshops should be provided for SMEs leaders to improve their leadership competencies.Originality/valueThe research findings provide a more comprehensive view of internal and external factors affecting the competitiveness of SMEs in the tourism sector in Vietnam. This also contributes to competitiveness and leadership research by presenting the positive linkage between leadership competencies and the competitiveness of SMEs.
Corporate fraud and relationships: a systematic literature review in the light of research onion
Authors: Orth Caroline de Oliveira , Maçada Antônio Carlos Gastaud 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate how the literature has been addressing the relationships between corporate fraud and executive behavior and corporate fraud and information technology (IT) controls.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review was performed following the planning phases proposed by Levy and Ellis (2006), illuminated by the research onion, developed by Saunders et al. (2007).

Findings
The main findings of the studies analyzed refer basically to models to assess the risk of fraud. These risks originate from the market, from the organization itself or from individuals and also from their relationship networks. Subsequently, the main risks identified by the authors were classified according to their origin, the main theories approached and the “solutions” for the risks presented by the authors as the product of their work.

Research limitations/implications
It should be noted that this study is not free of limitations, of which two stand out: the full body of articles on the subject was certainly not evaluated. Although the search has been systematic and judicious both by the combination of keywords for the searches, as well as by the use of the main databases and also by the rigor in the description of the procedures and the analysis of the articles in the light of Research Onion was based on the authors’ knowledge that may have been limited in some respect.

Practical implications
As a practical implication, there is the relationship of red flags and their classification by origin, as they can be very useful for planning the work of internal and external auditors.

Social implications
It is considered that this work can be a starting point for scholars who are interested in the corporate fraud phenomenon, given that the data was collected and organized systematically.

Originality/value
The analysis of the articles in relation to Research Onion shed light on the main philosophical and methodological characteristics of the studies. Also, regarding the relationships between corporate fraud and IT controls, existing scientific research appears to be limited. Searches for the terms information technology and information systems were extended, as well as search strings tested with the terms data governance and IT governance without results. This fact demonstrates that there may be (as far as the results have reached) a vast area of research on corporate fraud in the field of systems knowledge and information technology.
Value chain, productivity and trade performance in the dairy industry
Authors: Kemitare Gladys , Kabuye Frank , Olyanga Anthony Moni , Rudaheranwa Nichodemus 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to establish the contribution of value chain and productivity to trade performance in the dairy industry using evidence from Uganda.Design/methodology/approachThis study research design is cross-sectional and correlational. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 108 dairy farmers, processors and exporters. Data were analysed through correlation coefficients and linear regression using Statistical Package for Social Sciences.FindingsHierarchical regression results indicate that value chain and productivity contribute significantly to variances in trade performance of dairy products. Therefore, appropriate value chain processes and high levels of productivity lead to increased trade performance in the dairy industry.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focusses on trade performance of dairy products in Uganda. These research findings are useful for informing the deliberations of academicians, regulators and the business community. The results are applicable to all countries that carry out trade specifically in dairy products.Practical implicationsThe results are important for trade policy development in the dairy industry. For example, this study informs farmers, processors and exporters of dairy products how value chain activities in dairy farming can be re-aligned to achieve better quality and productivity for exportation. Similarly, the current study provides policy guidance for the relevant ministries such as ministry of trade and other players to come up with holistic policy actions aimed at improving the trade performance of dairy products in the country.Originality/valueTo the researchers' knowledge, this is the first study that provides an initial empirical evidence on the contribution of value chain and productivity on trade performance of dairy products in Uganda.
User motivation in fake news sharing during the COVID-19 pandemic: an application of the uses and gratification theory
Authors: Apuke Oberiri Destiny , Omar Bahiyah 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis study developed a predictive model that established the user motivational factors that predict COVID-19 fake news sharing on social media.Design/methodology/approachThe partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for the analysis. Data were drawn from 152 Facebook and WhatsApp users in Nigeria to examine the research model formulated using the uses and gratification theory (UGT).FindingsWe found that altruism, instant news sharing, socialisation and self-promotion predicted fake news sharing related to COVID-19 pandemic among social media users in Nigeria. Specifically, altruism was the strongest predictor to fake news sharing behaviour related to COVID-19, followed by instant news sharing and socialisation. On the contrary, entertainment had no association with fake news sharing on COVID-19.Practical implicationsWe suggest intervention strategies which nudge people to be sceptical of the information they come across on social media. We also recommend healthcare providers and the Nigerian government to provide relevant information on this current pandemic. That is, correct information should be shared widely to the public domain through various conventional and online media. This will lessen the spread of fake news on the concocted cure and prevention tips found online.Originality/valueThe salient contributions of this study are as follows: First, it brings to the fore that the desire for self-promotion is associated with fake news sharing on social media; second, it shifts the focus of studies on fake news from detection methods to sharing behaviour, which fuels the uncontrollable spread of falsehood; third, it expands the existing literature on misinformation sharing by demonstrating the user motivation that leads to fake news sharing using the UGT.
The role of storytelling in a nonhostile takeover
Authors: Cleary Joseph 
Published: November 2020

PurposeWhy did a powerful department of hospital doctors support a merger with a rival hospital that they knew would ruin their beloved workplace?Design/methodology/approachThis ethnographic study draws on 12 months of fieldwork consisting of 24 one-on-one interviews as well as 26 h of observations, informal conversations and archival records research to answer its research question. Grounded theory and the discourse analysis were employed to analyze all data.FindingsData reveal how participants' belief in a “merge or go bankrupt” narrative contributed to widespread support for a merger that seemed unthinkable on the surface. Although each doctor believes the merger will jeopardize or ruin their workplace culture, none resisted the merger nor did any ask hospital executives to provide evidence in support of their claims regarding the benefits of the merger (namely, that it would save their organization from inevitable bankruptcy).Research limitations/implicationsThe author relied on a family relative to introduce the author to and gain entry into this workplace. One potential consequence is biased interpretations of data. To address this, the author constantly revisited the data and compared the author’s interpretations with interviewees' words (i.e. “grounded” theory).Originality/valueThis study provides empirical and theoretical contributions to organizational storytelling scholarship.
Communal living: glycan utilization by the human gut microbiota
Authors: Briggs Jonathon A. , Grondin Julie M. , Brumer Harry 
Published: November 2020

SummaryOur lower gastrointestinal tract plays host to a vast consortium of microbes, known as the human gut microbiota (HGM). The HGM thrives on a complex and diverse range of glycan structures from both dietary and host sources, the breakdown of which requires the concerted action of cohorts of carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes), carbohydrate‐binding proteins, and transporters. The glycan utilization profile of individual taxa, whether ‘specialist’ or ‘generalist’, is dictated by the number and functional diversity of these glycan utilization systems. Furthermore, taxa in the HGM may either compete or cooperate in glycan deconstruction, thereby creating a complex ecological web spanning diverse nutrient niches. As a result, our diet plays a central role in shaping the composition of the HGM. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of glycan utilization by the HGM on three levels: (i) molecular mechanisms of individual glycan deconstruction and uptake by key bacteria, (ii) glycan‐mediated microbial interactions, and (iii) community‐scale effects of dietary changes. Despite significant recent advancements, there remains much to be discovered regarding complex glycan metabolism in the HGM and its potential to affect positive health outcomes.