bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Gordan John D. , Kennedy Erin B. , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Beg Muhammad Shaalan , Brower Steven T. , Gade Terence P. , Goff Laura , Gupta Shilpi , Guy Jennifer , Harris William P. , Iyer Renuka , Jaiyesimi Ishmael , Jhawer Minaxi , Karippot Asha , Kaseb Ahmed O. , Kelley R. Kate , Knox Jennifer J. , Kortmansky Jeremy , Leaf Andrea , Remak William M. , Shroff Rachna T. , Sohal Davendra P.S. , Taddei Tamar H. , Venepalli Neeta K. , Wilson Andrea , Zhu Andrew X. , Rose Michal G. 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE To develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline to assist in clinical decision making for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of published phase III randomized controlled trials (2007-2020) on systemic therapy for advanced HCC and provide recommended care options for this patient population. RESULTS Nine phase III randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. RECOMMENDATIONS Atezolizumab + bevacizumab (atezo + bev) may be offered as first-line treatment of most patients with advanced HCC, Child-Pugh class A liver disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) 0-1, and following management of esophageal varices, when present, according to institutional guidelines. Where there are contraindications to atezolizumab and/or bevacizumab, tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib or lenvatinib may be offered as first-line treatment of patients with advanced HCC, Child-Pugh class A liver disease, and ECOG PS 0-1. Following first-line treatment with atezo + bev, and until better data are available, second-line therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor may be recommended for appropriate candidates. Following first-line therapy with sorafenib or lenvatinib, second-line therapy options for appropriate candidates include cabozantinib, regorafenib for patients who previously tolerated sorafenib, or ramucirumab (for patients with α-fetoprotein ≥ 400 ng/mL), or atezo + bev where patients did not have access to this option as first-line therapy. Pembrolizumab or nivolumab are also reasonable options for appropriate patients following sorafenib or lenvatinib. Consideration of nivolumab + ipilimumab as an option for second-line therapy and third-line therapy is discussed. Further guidance on choosing between therapy options is included within the guideline. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines .
On Borges’s B/baroque
Authors: Johnson Christopher D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article examines Jorge Luis Borges’s ingenious, largely dehistoricized interpretations and imitations of seventeenth-century writers typically called Baroque. It contends that the aesthetic, epistemological, and metaphysical values Borges assigns to works by Cervantes, Góngora, Quevedo, Gracián, Marino, Browne, Pascal, Leibniz, Angelus Silesius, and Spinoza depend largely on his conservative notions of how style and, specifically, metaphor should work. While writers from the historical Baroque often require readers to embrace hermeneutic difficulty, Borges, despite the ingenious difficulty of his own writings, refuses to countenance this stance. This refusal turns also on Borges’s distinction between writing he fervently praises as “classic” and writing he ambiguously blames as “baroque.” The former serves as the explicit model for his own invention; but the latter implicitly, agonistically, informs much of his thinking and writing as well. Borges’s unwillingness to distinguish the historical Baroque from a recurring, eternal baroque is understandable, given his philosophy of art and history; however, it ignores how periodization can have the heuristic and conceptual function of finding unity in multiplicity, a unity that includes divergent styles and ideologies.
Turkish Delights with an Aftertaste
Authors: Landry Olivia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hop-Çiki-Yaya Polisiyesi is a Turkish crime novel series by Mehmet Murat Somer that appeared between 2003 and 2004. The series is set in the trans world of Istanbul, and the hero/heroine is a gender-nonbinary sleuth. The present essay explores the paradox at the heart of this series, which on the one hand offers an affirmative portrait of a sex-positive and sociopolitically mobile trans world, and on the other hand exposes the reality of trans murders and the necropolitics as well as bare life politics in practice against the trans community in Turkey. The publication of these novels coincided with the emergence of an LGBTQ+ politics in Turkey but also with the rise to power of the Islamist Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party). Drawing on crime fiction theories, trans studies, and recent Turkish history, this essay draws out the significance of this series and its place in the trajectory of LGBTQ+ life in Turkey.
Spatiotemporal sequence of mesoderm and endoderm lineage segregation during mouse gastrulation
Authors: Probst Simone , Sagar  , Tosic Jelena , Schwan Carsten , Grün Dominic , Arnold Sebastian J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Anterior mesoderm (AM) and definitive endoderm (DE) progenitors represent the earliest embryonic cell types that are specified during germ layer formation at the primitive streak (PS) of the mouse embryo. Genetic experiments indicate that both lineages segregate from Eomes-expressing progenitors in response to different Nodal signaling levels. However, the precise spatiotemporal pattern of the emergence of these cell types and molecular details of lineage segregation remain unexplored. We combined genetic fate labeling and imaging approaches with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to follow the transcriptional identities and define lineage trajectories of Eomes-dependent cell types. Accordingly, all cells moving through the PS during the first day of gastrulation express Eomes. AM and DE specification occurs before cells leave the PS from Eomes-positive progenitors in a distinct spatiotemporal pattern. ScRNA-seq analysis further suggested the immediate and complete separation of AM and DE lineages from Eomes-expressing cells as last common bipotential progenitor.
Building neuromuscular junctions in vitro
Authors: Barbeau Susie , Tahraoui-Bories Julie , Legay Claire , Martinat Cécile 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been the model of choice to understand the principles of communication at chemical synapses. Following groundbreaking experiments carried out over 60 years ago, many studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiology of these synapses. This Review summarizes the progress made to date towards obtaining faithful models of NMJs in vitro. We provide a historical approach discussing initial experiments investigating NMJ development and function from Xenopus to mice, the creation of chimeric co-cultures, in vivo approaches and co-culture methods from ex vivo and in vitro derived cells, as well as the most recent developments to generate human NMJs. We discuss the benefits of these techniques and the challenges to be addressed in the future for promoting our understanding of development and human disease.
Sequential peripheral enrichment of H2A.Zac and H3K9me2 during trophoblast differentiation in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Kafer Georgia Rose , Tanaka Yoshihisa , Rillo-Bohn Regina , Shimizu Eiko , Hasegawa Kouichi , Carlton Peter M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
During the transition from pluripotency to a lineage-committed state, chromatin undergoes large-scale changes in structure, involving covalent modification of histone tails, use of histone variants and gene position changes with respect to the nuclear periphery. Here, using high-resolution microscopy and quantitative image analysis, we surveyed a panel of histone modifications for changes in nuclear peripheral enrichment during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to a trophoblast-like lineage. We found two dynamic modifications at the nuclear periphery, acetylation of histone H2A.Z (H2A.Zac), and dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2). We demonstrate successive peripheral enrichment of these markers, with H2A.Zac followed by H3K9me2, over the course of 4 days. We find that H3K9me2 increases concomitantly with, but independently of, expression of lamin A, since deletion of lamin A did not affect H3K9me2 enrichment. We further show that inhibition of histone deacetylases causes persistent and increased H2A.Z acetylation at the periphery, delayed H3K9me2 enrichment and failure to differentiate. Our results show a concerted change in the nature of peripheral chromatin occurs upon differentiation into the trophoblast state.
Trackosome: a computational toolbox to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of centrosomes, nuclear envelope and cellular membrane
Authors: Castro Domingos , Nunes Vanessa , Lima Joana T. , Ferreira Jorge G. , Aguiar Paulo 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
During the initial stages of mitosis, multiple mechanisms drive centrosome separation and positioning. How they are coordinated to promote centrosome migration to opposite sides of the nucleus remains unclear. Here, we present Trackosome, an open-source image analysis software for tracking centrosomes and reconstructing nuclear and cellular membranes, based on volumetric live-imaging data. The toolbox runs in MATLAB and provides a graphical user interface for easy access to the tracking and analysis algorithms. It provides detailed quantification of the spatiotemporal relationships between centrosomes, nuclear envelope and cellular membrane, and can also be used to measure the dynamic fluctuations of the nuclear envelope. These fluctuations are important because they are related to the mechanical forces exerted on the nucleus by its adjacent cytoskeletal structures. Unlike previous algorithms based on circular or elliptical approximations, Trackosome measures membrane movement in a model-free condition, making it viable for irregularly shaped nuclei. Using Trackosome, we demonstrate significant correlations between the movements of the centrosomes, and identify specific oscillation modes of the nuclear envelope. Overall, Trackosome is a powerful tool that can be used to help unravel new elements in the spatiotemporal dynamics of subcellular structures.
Multipoint Recognition of Molecular Conformations with Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Synthetic Reactions
Authors: Asano Keisuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Organocatalysts activate substrates through mild noncovalent and covalent interactions, and their cooperative actions at multiple catalytic sites are essential even in intrinsically rapid organic reactions such as intramolecular cyclizations. The enzyme-like catalytic system is effective for recognizing specific molecular conformations of substrates, which continually change under reaction conditions, through multipoint interactions, thereby leading to high stereoselectivity. On the basis of this concept, we developed a range of organocatalytic asymmetric synthetic reactions, which are challenging using other categories of catalysts. The proposed catalysis was applied to various manners of asymmetric induction including those accompanied by not only facial selectivity but also by kinetic resolution (KR), dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), desymmetrization, and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT). They enabled various asymmetric transformations through intramolecular hetero-Michael addition, construction of axial chirality, and α,β-unsaturated acylammonium catalysis, which advanced the methods for asymmetric heterocycle synthesis, construction of tetrasubstituted chiral carbons, enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral compounds, and asymmetric library synthesis of pharmaceutically potential compounds. This study also expanded the chemistry of bifunctional organocatalysis. This review provides a comprehensive account of our achievements regarding multipoint recognition of molecular conformations with organocatalysts for asymmetric synthetic reactions.
Can diagnostic changes caused by cone beam computed tomography alter the clinical decision in impacted lower third molar treatment plan?
Authors: Mendonça Lucas Moreira , Gaêta-Araujo Hugo , Cruvinel Pedro Bastos , Tosin Ingrid Wenzel , Azenha Marcelo Rodrigues , Ferraz Emanuela Prado , Oliveira-Santos Christiano , Tirapelli Camila 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: This study observed whether changes in diagnosis caused by analysis of three-dimensional images can lead to alterations in the treatment plans of impacted lower third molars (ILTMs). Methods: Sets of panoramic (PAN) – cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of 218 patients were assessed for ILTM classification, contact with mandibular canal, contact and resorption of the lower second molar (LSM), intraoperative planning and post-operative expectations. Results: Percentage agreement and McNemar test compared PAN vs CBCT assessments. Logistic regression analyzed the dependency of change in surgical planning considering the changes in diagnostic features; descriptive statistics was used to observe the expectation of post-operative complications and paresthesia. Differences were found between PAN vs CBCT for classification of impaction and positioning, LSM relationship, choice for crown and root sectioning and expectation of post-operative complications (all with p < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that the change in diagnosis caused by CBCT examination did not change the clinical decision to extract ILTM but altered the planning of intraoperative steps such as osteotomy, crown sectioning and relaxing incision. The expectation of post-operative complications decreased when professionals planned the ILTM removal using tri-dimensional images. Conclusions: We concluded that changes in the diagnosis after CBCT examination can lead to alterations in the treatment plan of impacted lower third molar.
Blood: this life-saving fluid
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: November 2020

The key function of blood is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to, and remove waste from, the cells; the blood also has a number of other functions to perform. This article in the anatomy and physiology (A&P) series offers an overview of this life-saving fluid. It emphasises the need for those who provide care and support to develop an understating of blood and its various functions in illness and health. Understanding the function of blood can help offer people care that is safe, effective and informed. The article considers the various components of blood. The various functions of blood, including its role in transportation, regulation and protection, are described. Understanding these issues can help in ensuring care is safe and appropriate. The article offers a glossary of terms that can help in understanding some of the terms used. A short quiz is provided so as to reinforce learning.
Programmable VCSEL-based photonic system architecture for future agile Tb/s metro networks
Authors: Moreolo M. Svaluto , Fabrega J. M. , Nadal L. , Martínez R. , Casellas R. , Vílchez J. , Muñoz R. , Vilalta R. , Gatto A. , Parolari P. , Boffi P. , Neumeyr C. , Larrabeiti D. , Otero G. , Fernández-Palacios J. P. 
Published: November 2020

To deal with the challenging requirements of metropolitan area networks (MANs), it is essential to design cost-effective systems that can support high capacity and dynamic adaptation, as well as a synergy of programmability and efficient photonic technologies. This becomes crucial for very large MANs that support 5G, where multihop connections will need to be dynamically established at target capacities beyond Tb/s. Programmability, automation, and modularity of network elements are key desired features. In this work, a modular photonic system, programmable via a software-defined networking platform, designed for dynamic 5G-supportive MANs, is described and analyzed. We consider modular sliceable bandwidth/bit rate variable transceivers (S-BVTs) based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) technology and dense photonic integration. The proposed system and its programmability are experimentally assessed using a VCSEL with 10 GHz bandwidth. The experiments are performed over connections as long as six-hop and 160 km, from low-level aggregation nodes to metro-core nodes, thereby enabling IP off-loading. Furthermore, a numerical model is derived to estimate the performance when adopting higher bandwidth VCSELs (

≥

18

G
H
z

) and integrated coherent receivers, as targeted in the proposed system. The analysis is performed for both 50 GHz and 25 GHz granularities. In the former case, 50 Gb/s capacity per flow can be supported over the targeted connections, for optical signal-to-noise ratio values above 26 dB. When the granularity is 25 GHz, the filter narrowing effect severely impacts the performance. Nevertheless, 1.2 Tb/s capacity (scalable to higher values if spectral/spatial dimensions are exploited) can be achieved when configuring the S-BVT to enable 40 VCSEL flows. This confirms that the system is promising to support Tb/s connections in future agile MANs.
Adjustable and stable beam profile generation in a Yb:YAG thin-disk laser
Authors: Song Enmao , Dai Tianrui , Zhu Guangzhi , Wang Hailin , Aleksei Kozlov , Zhu Xiao 
Published: November 2020

We present a Yb:YAG thin-disk laser with an adjustable and stable beam profile. A double-cavity geometry with an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) makes the spatial separation of the gain area, in which the central and external parts are used for

L
G

00

and

L
G

01

mode generation, respectively. By changing the loss of the AOM, the beam profile of the primary cavity is adjustable from annularity to flat-top continuously. At input pump power of 44 W, 8.5 W annular, 11.1 W shallow crater-shaped, and 12.1 W flat-topped modes were obtained. Moreover, the thin-disk laser with a multi-pass pumping scheme not only improves thermal management, but also minimizes depolarization loss, allowing the optimization of mode stability and laser performances. This Letter implies that a high-power laser with an adjustable and stable beam profile can be implemented via this scheme.
Spectral broadening of ultraviolet dispersive waves in gas-filled hollow-core fiber using pump pulse modulation
Authors: Smith Callum R. , Adamu Abubakar I. , Michieletto Mattia , Bang Ole 
Published: November 2020

UV supercontinuum laser sources based on resonant dispersive wave (RDW) generation in gas-filled hollow-core (HC) fibers offer an attractive architecture for numerous applications. However, the narrow UV spectral peak inherent to RDW generation limits the suitability for applications that require broad spectral coverage within the UV region such as spectroscopic scatterometry. In this Letter, we demonstrate how the UV spectrum can be shaped by modulating the peak power of the pump pulses driving the RDW generation, thereby creating a broadened and flattened UV spectrum. Using an argon-filled anti-resonant HC fiber, we generate a UV spectrum with a center wavelength of 323.6 nm with an FWHM of 51.7 nm, corresponding to a relative bandwidth of 16.1%.
A systematic review of risk communication in clinical trials: How does it influence decisions to participate and what are the best methods to improve understanding in a trial context?
Authors: Coyle Maeve , Gillies Katie 
Published: November 2020

Background
Effective risk communication is challenging. Ensuring potential trial participants’ understand ‘risk’ information presented to them is a key aspect of the informed consent process within clinical trials, yet minimal research has looked specifically at how to communicate probabilities to support decisions about trial participation. This study reports a systematic review of the literature focusing on presentation of probabilistic information or understanding of risk by potential trial participants.

Methods
A search strategy for risk communication in clinical trials was designed and informed by systematic reviews of risk communication in treatment and screening contexts and supplemented with trial participation terms. Extracted data included study characteristics and the main interventions/findings of each study. Explanatory studies that investigated the methods for presenting probabilistic information within participant information leaflets for a clinical trial were included, as were interventions that focused on optimising understanding of probabilistic information within the context of a clinical trial.

Results
The search strategy identified a total of 4931 studies. Nineteen papers were selected for full text screening, and seven studies included. All reported results from risk communication studies that aimed to support potential trial participants’ decision making set within hypothetical trials. Five of these were randomised comparisons of risk communication interventions, and two were prospectively designed, non-randomised studies. Study interventions focused on probability presentation, risk framing and risk interpretation with a wide variety of interventions being evaluated and considerable heterogeneity in terms of outcomes assessed. Studies show conflicting findings when it comes to how best to present information, although numerical, particularly frequency formats and some visual aids appear to have promise.

Conclusions
The evidence base surrounding risk communication in clinical trials indicates that there is as yet no clear optimal method for improving participant understanding, or clear consensus on how it affects their willingness to participate. Further research into risk communication within trials is needed to help illuminate the mechanisms underlying risk perception and understanding and provide appropriate ways to present and communicate risk in a trial context so as to further promote informed choices about participation. A key focus for future research should be to investigate the potential for learning in the evidence on risk communication from treatment and screening decisions when applied to decisions about trial participation.
Rate of decline in residual kidney function pre and post peritoneal dialysis initiation: A post hoc analysis of the IDEAL study
Authors: Ethier Isabelle , Cho Yeoungjee , Hawley Carmel , Pascoe Elaine M. , Viecelli Andrea K. , Campbell Scott B. , van Eps Carolyn , Isbel Nicole M. , Cooper Bruce A. , Harris David C. , Pollock Carol A. , Wong Muh Geot , Johnson David W. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundResidual kidney function (RKF) is associated with improved survival and quality of life in dialysis patients. Previous studies have suggested that initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) may slow RKF decline compared to the pre-dialysis period. We sought to evaluate the association between PD initiation and RKF decline in the Initiating Dialysis Early And Late (IDEAL) trial.MethodsIn thispost hocanalysis of the IDEAL randomized controlled trial, PD participants were included if results from 24-hour urine collections had been recorded within 30 days of dialysis initiation, and at least one value pre- and one value post-dialysis commencement were available. The primary outcome was slope of RKF decline, calculated as mean of urinary creatinine and urea clearances. Secondary outcomes included slope of urine volume decline and time from PD initiation to anuria.ResultsThe study included 151 participants (79 early start, 72 late start). The slope of RKF decline was slower after PD initiation (-2.69±0.18mL/min/1.73m2/yr) compared to before PD (-4.09±0.33mL/min/1.73m2/yr; change in slope +1.19 mL/min/1.73m2/yr, 95%CI 0.48–1.90, p<0.001). In contrast, urine volume decline was faster after PD commencement (-0.74±0.05 L/yr) compared to beforehand (-0.57±0.06L/yr; change in slope -0.18L/yr, 95%CI -0.34—-0.01, p = 0.04). No differences were observed between the early- and late-start groups with respect to RKF decline, urine volume decline or time to anuria.ConclusionsInitiation of PD was associated with a slower decline of RKF compared to the pre-dialysis period.