bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validity of prevalence estimates from the national maternity surveys in England: The impact of response rate
Authors: Harrison Sian , Alderdice Fiona , Quigley Maria A. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Prevalence estimates from surveys with low response rates are prone to non-response bias if respondents and non-respondents differ on the outcome of interest. This study assessed the external validity of prevalence estimates of selected maternity indicators from four national maternity surveys in England which had similar survey methodology but different response rates.

Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the national maternity surveys in 2006 (response rate = 63%), 2010 (response rate = 54%), 2014 (response rate = 47%) and 2018 (response rate = 29%). Unweighted and (for the 2014 and 2018 surveys) weighted survey prevalence estimates (with 95%CIs) of caesarean section, preterm birth, low birthweight and breastfeeding initiation were validated against population-based estimates from routine data.

Results
The external validity of the survey estimates varied across surveys and by indicator. For caesarean section, the 95%CIs for the unweighted survey estimates included the population-based estimates for all surveys. For preterm birth and low birthweight, the 95%CIs for the unweighted survey estimates did not include the population-based estimates for the 2006 and 2010 surveys (or the 2014 survey for preterm birth). For breastfeeding initiation, the 95%CIs for the unweighted survey estimates did not include the population-based estimates for any survey. For all indicators, the effect of weighting (on the 2014 and 2018 survey estimates) was mostly a shift towards the population-based estimates, yet the 95%CIs for the weighted survey estimates of breastfeeding initiation did not include the population-based estimates.

Conclusion
There were no clear differences in the external validity of prevalence estimates according to survey response rate suggesting that prevalence estimates may still be valid even when survey response rates are low. The survey estimates tended to become closer to the population-based estimates when weights were applied, yet the effect was insufficient for breastfeeding initiation estimates.
Anlotinib for refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Guocan , Shen Yanqin , Xu Xudong , Zhong Fangming 
Published: November 2020

Objective
To assess the efficacy and toxicity of anlotinib for the treatment of refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
We systematically searched databases for randomized controlled trials on anlotinib treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC published until November 6, 2020. Articles were assessed and data were extracted independently by two investigators. Further, we analyzed hazard ratios (HRs) for progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS, respectively). In addition, we analyzed risk ratio (RR) for overall response and disease control rates (ORR and DCR, respectively) and the odds ratio (OR) for the main adverse events (AEs) using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results
This analysis included 594 patients from three clinical studies. The pooled HRs for PFS and OS were 0.27 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22–0.33, P < 0.001) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56–0.83, P < 0.001), respectively, indicating that anlotinib administration significantly improved PFS and OS in patients with advanced NSCLC. The pooled RRs for ORR and DCR were 11.62 (95% CI: 2.75–49.14, P < 0.001) and 2.30 (95% CI: 1.91–2.77, P < 0.001), respectively, indicating that anlotinib administration in patients with advanced NSCLC improved ORR and DCR. The pooled OR for AEs of grade 3 or higher was 2.94 (95% CI: 1.99–4.35, P < 0.001), indicating that AEs of grade 3 or higher were more prevalent in the anlotinib group than in the placebo group.

Conclusion
Anlotinib, an effective choice of third- or later line therapy for patients with refractory advanced NSCLC, provides clinical benefits in terms of PFS, OS, ORR, and DCR. AEs associated with anlotinib were tolerable.
Judenhass und Judenmission. Das Verhältnis der Hamburger Evangelisch-Lutherischen Landeskirche zum Judentum
Authors: Linck Stephan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
How does a Lutheran church behave towards Jews when its tradition cultivates deep-seated hatred of Jews, but sees the theological task of missionizing them to Christianity? Using the example of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hamburg, the essay tries to understand how the relationship with Judaism developed during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. In the Nazi era, the church welcomed racist anti-Semitism, but did not introduce the »Aryan paragraph« in the church. She partially and only secretly fulfilled her duty to protect baptized Jews and their descendants as church members. It was only in the 1950s that a changed attitude towards Judaism began and for the first time there started a dialogue.
Re-entry prediction of objects with low-eccentricity orbits based on mean ballistic coefficients
Authors: Wei Zhang , Wen Cui , Xiuhong Wang , Dong Wei , Xing Liu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring re-entry objects with low-eccentricity orbits traverse a large portion of the dense atmospheric region almost every orbital revolution. Their perigee decays slowly, but the apogee decays rapidly. Because ballistic coefficients change with altitude, re-entry predictions of objects in low-eccentricity orbits are more difficult than objects in nearly circular orbits. Problems in orbit determination, such as large residuals and non-convergence, arise for this class of objects, especially in the case of sparse observations. In addition, it might be difficult to select suitable initial ballistic coefficient for re-entry prediction. We present a new re-entry prediction method based on mean ballistic coefficients for objects with low-eccentricity orbits. The mean ballistic coefficient reflects the average effect of atmospheric drag during one orbital revolution, and the coefficient is estimated using a semi-numerical method with a step size of one period. The method is tested using Iridium-52 which uses sparse observations as the data source, and ten other objects with low-eccentricity orbits which use TLEs as the data source. We also discuss the performance of the mean ballistic coefficient when used in the evolution of drag characteristics and orbit propagation. The results show that the mean ballistic coefficient is ideal for re-entry prediction and orbit propagation of objects with low-eccentricity orbits.
Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and biomedical applications
Authors: Almatroudi Ahmad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanotechnology is a rapidly growing field due to its unique functionality and a wide range of applications. Nanomedicine explores the possibilities of applying the knowledge and tools of nanotechnology for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis and control of disease. In this regard, silver nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm are considered most important due to their unique properties, ability to form diverse nanostructures, their extraordinary range of bactericidal and anticancer properties, wound healing and other therapeutic abilities and their cost-effectiveness in production. The current paper reviews various types of physical, chemical and biological methods used in the production of silver nanoparticles. It also describes approaches employing silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, as antitumour agents, in dentistry and dental implants, as promoters of bone healing, in cardiovascular implants and as promoters of wound healing. The paper also explores the mechanism of action, synthesis methods and morphological characterisation of silver nanoparticles to examine their role in medical treatments and disease management.
How did Xenophanes Become an Eleatic Philosopher?
Authors: Brémond Mathilde 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I investigate how Xenophanes was ‘eleaticised’, i.e. attributed theses and arguments that belong to Parmenides and Melissus. I examine texts of Plato, Aristotle and Theophrastus in order to determine if they considered Xenophanes as a philosopher and a monist. I show that neither Plato nor Aristotle regarded him as a philosopher, but rather as a pantheist poet who claimed, in a vague way, that everything is one. But Theophrastus interpreted too literally Aristotle’s claims and was the first to make Xenophanes a proper monist philosopher.
Behavior of non-reinforced and reinforced green mortar with fibers
Authors: Thanon Dawood Eethar , Hani Abdullah Mafaz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe behavior of non-reinforced green mortar with fibers has been observed. Different green mortar mixes have been prepared using different percentages of waste glass powder (WGP), steel slag (SG) and silica fume (SF).The properties of flow, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), compressive and flexural strengths have been tested for such green mortar in the first phase of the experimental work. The selected green mortar mix that gives good properties with the acceptable ranges of cement replacement by such cementitious materials has been utilized to achieve the second phase of the experimental work. Thus, the uses of human hair fibers, sisal fibers and stainless steel nails fibers in the form of individual and hybrid fibers system and testing for the same properties mentioned above have been performed. The third phase includes the cost estimation for the said mortar. Whereas, the last phase deals with analysis of the results using the integrated AHP and TOPSIS method for selection the best performance of the green mortar. The results of mono sisal fiber, human hair fiber and stainless nails fiber by 0.75, 0.75 and 2% of volume fraction respectively, exhibited the highest increase in compressive strength, flexural strength, UPV and density compared with other percentages.
When Objects Misbehave
Authors: Knutson Sara Ann 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores new possibilities for the interpretation of myths. It asks how people in the past configured their world and its complex interactions, to which their orally-constructed stories bear witness. It is assumed here that myths contain structures of belief, cognition, and world-making beyond their immediate subject matter. This article focuses specifically on the preservation of material objects in myths throughout their transmission from changing oral narratives to written form. We should not assume that objects in oral traditions simply color the narratives; rather, these representations of materials can provide clues into the mentalities of past peoples and how they understood the complex interaction between humans and materials. As a case study, I examine the Old Norse myths, stories containing materials that reinforced Scandinavian oral traditions and gave the stories traction, memory, and influence. In doing so, this article hopes to help bridge materiality studies, narrative studies, and folklore in a way that does not privilege one particular source type over another. The myths reveal ancient Scandinavian conceptions of what constituted an “object,” which are not necessarily the same as our own twenty-first century expectations. The Scandinavian myths present a world not divided between active Subject, passive Object as the Cartesian model would enforce centuries later, but rather one that recognized distinctive object agencies beyond the realm of human intention.
How and why Polish peasants (do not) talk about the Holocaust
Authors: Grochowski Piotr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article I discuss how images of the Holocaust are contained in Polish oral narratives and the special way of transmitting them among peasants. Based on materials collected during ethnographic research conducted by Dionizjusz Czubala in the 1970s and 1980s in the southern part of the Świętokrzyskie Province in Poland I try to show, how traditional stereotypes concerning Jews and social relations influence the way of shaping and transmitting stories about the Holocaust. Analysing a sample of texts, I am arguing that core motif connects to the economic aspects of Polish-Jewish relations before and during the Second World War. I also claim that these recollections circulated in a situation that can be described as a pact of silence and therefore fulfilled several significant functions, among which the most important were: a) building and framing knowledge about past events, b) protection of the good reputation of the local community, c) maintaining relatively correct neighbourly relations, d) setting social status by stigmatizing economic contacts with Jews.
The Ant and the Lion: Reassessing Philological-Folklore Approaches toReinhart Fuchs
Authors: Ermacora Davide 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScholars have long attempted to situate the ant-episode from the twelfth-century German poemReinhart Fuchsin a broad folklore framework. Concerned with conventional matters such as origin, function and transmission, they have broken up this episode into different motifs and referenced folktales and legends from widely separate times and places. The aim of this paper is to reassess these earlier philological-folklore approaches. I will rely on a multi-source method and examine, in comparative terms, three interconnected semantic narrative units: the enmity between ants and lions; the lion’s sickness triggered by the revenge of the ant, which crawls into the lion’s head; and the stratagem for expelling the head-insect with a sweating cure.
Husserl’s Transcendentalization of Mathematical Naturalism
Authors: Hartimo Mirja 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper aims to capture a form of naturalism that can be found “built-in” in phenomenology, namely the idea to take science or mathematics on its own, without postulating extraneous normative “molds” on it. The paper offers a detailed comparison of Penelope Maddy’s naturalism about mathematics and Husserl’s approach to mathematics in Formal and Transcendental Logic (1929). It argues that Maddy’s naturalized methodology is similar to the approach in the first part of the book. However, in the second part Husserl enters into a transcendental clarification of the evidences and presuppositions of the mathematicians’ work, thus “transcendentalizing” his otherwise naturalist approach to mathematics. The result is a moderately revisionist view that takes the existing mathematical practices seriously, calls for reflection on them, and eventually gives suggestions for revisions if needed.
Can Suicide Preserve One’s Dignity? Kant and Kantians on the Moral Response to Cognitive Loss
Authors: Altman Matthew C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Kantian defenders of suicide for the soon-to-be demented claim that killing oneself would protect rather than violate a person’s inherent worth. The loss of cognitive functions reduces someone to a lower moral status, so they believe that suicide is a way of preserving or preventing the loss of dignity. I argue that they misinterpret Kant’s examples and fail to appreciate the reasons behind his absolute prohibition on suicide. Although Kant says that one may have to sacrifice one’s life to fulfill a moral duty, suicide is not morally equivalent to self-sacrifice because it involves treating oneself merely as a means. Furthermore, people facing the onset of dementia would not protect their dignity by killing themselves while they are still rational and would not avoid a demeaning existence.
Zooming in on agentivity: Experimental studies of DO-clefts in German
Authors: Kretzschmar Franziska , Brilmayer Ingmar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Despite the importance of the agent role for language grammar and processing, its definition and features are still controversially discussed in the literature on semantic roles. Moreover, diagnostic tests to dissociate agentive from non-agentive roles are typically applied with qualitative introspection data. We investigated whether quantitative acceptability ratings obtained with a well-established agentivity test, the DO-cleft, provide evidence for the feature-based prototype account of (Dowty, David R. 1991. Thematic proto-roles and argument selction. Language 67(3). 547–619) postulating that agentivity increases with the number of agentive features that a role subsumes. We used four different intransitive verb classes in German and collected acceptability judgements from non-expert native speakers of German. Our results show that sentence acceptability increases linearly with the number of agentive features and, hence, agentivity. Moreover, our findings confirm that sentience belongs to the group of proto-agent features. In summary, this suggests that a multidimensional account including a specific mechanism for role prototypicality (feature accumulation) successfully captures gradient acceptability clines. Quantitative acceptability estimates are a meaningful addition to linguistic theorizing.
“Use the mirror now” – Demonstrating through a mirror in show dance classes
Authors: Douglah Jessica 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article investigates how a significant part of the learning process within show dance classes is performed, namely multimodal demonstrations. In particular, it focuses on how the mirror is used as a tool during demonstrations. The data consist of video recordings and ethnographic fieldwork among young adults practicing show dance. Three single cases undergo in-depth analysis using an EMCA (ethnomethodology conversation analysis) approach. The analysis shows that the understanding of a multimodal demonstration is watched into being and that the mirror functions as an extension of the teacher. In addition, the use of the mirror changes over the course of the ongoing demonstration. The participants agree on how to use the mirror and that there is a symmetrical order for how the mirror is used, which means that the responding participant follows the way of using (or not using) the mirror that is introduced by another participant. As such, this article contends that use of the mirror is a well-established practice. The article concludes by highlighting the positive effect on the learning situation when a mirror is used for demonstration in show dance classes.
Value chain for agritourism products
Authors: Morales-Zamorano Luis Alberto , Camacho-García Alma Lourdes , Bustamante-Valenzuela Ana Cecilia , Cuevas-Merecías Imelda , Suarez-Hernández Ángel Manuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work was developed as part of a study on the potential of agritourism in Baja California, Mexico, and had its origin in the discovery of great opportunities for economic development in rural areas with the use of alternative tourism. The main objective was to analyze the links of value along the chain of agro-tourism services, which allow increasing the attractiveness of tourism proposals in agricultural companies. To achieve this, tours of 100 ranches or agricultural companies were conducted in the San Quintín Valley, Baja California, as a case study. With the use of indicators and comparative interpretations of the photographs obtained, potential products were selected as tourist attractions. The way to increase the value of each identified link was discussed, and finally a proposal was made for a value chain for agritourism destinations, describing the set of primary and support activities to be considered for the whole proposed chain. It is concluded that the success of any agritourism product will depend on the differentiation of the business concept offered, the access to new markets, the articulation between the proposed links, as well as the development of skills of the human talent that participates in each link of the chain.
Explaining Substance: Aristotle’s Explanatory Hylomorphism inMetaphysicsZ.17
Authors: Mié Fabián 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAristotle’s main thesis inMetaphysicsZ.17, which takes substance to be a principle and a cause of some sort (1041a9–10, 1041b7–9,b30–31), is of a piece with the assumption that hylomorphic compounds are unified wholes (1041b11–12) – an assumption that proves critical to settling an important controversy about the form-matter relationship in that chapter, i. e. whether matter and form are mutually indistinguishable or rather just accidentally the same. By rejecting these interpretive options, this paper argues that form and matter are bound together by an essential link which, nevertheless, is able to preserve both(i)the different explanatory roles that each of those principles play vis-à-vis specific substances and(ii)the compound’s proper unity.
Kognitive Homogenisierung, schulische Leistungen und soziale Bildungsungleichheit
Authors: Esser Hartmut , Seuring Julian 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Differenzierung der Bildungswege nach den kognitiven Fähigkeiten wird damit begründet, dass sie eine für das Lernen förderliche Homogenisierung der schulischen Umgebung ermögliche, die allen beim Erwerb schulischer Kompetenzen zugutekäme. Dagegen wird angeführt, dass die Differenzierung keine sonderlichen Effekte habe, sondern eher nur die Effekte der sozialen Herkunft verstärke. Diese Auffassung gilt als Standardposition. Der Beitrag untersucht auf der Grundlage eines allgemeinen theoretischen Modells die Effekte einer unterschiedlich strikt geregelten Differenzierung auf die Leistungen in der Sekundarstufe. Grundlage sind Daten der „National Educational Panel Study“ (NEPS) für die deutschen Bundesländer mit ihren erheblichen Unterschieden in der Regelung der Differenzierung. Danach gibt es bei einer strikten Differenzierung keine Verstärkung der Effekte der sozialen Herkunft, wohl aber eine Zunahme der Leistungen in der Sekundarstufe, speziell in der Kombination mit einer homogeneren Zusammensetzung der Schulklassen nach den kognitiven Fähigkeiten. Das gilt gerade für die Kinder in den Schulklassen der unteren Bildungswege mit geringerem Leistungsniveau. Dort fallen die Leistungen am geringsten bei kognitiver Homogenität und einer liberalen, am besten bei Homogenität und einer strikten Differenzierung aus. In den Schulklassen mit höherem kognitiven Niveau ist die Streuung dagegen gleichgültig, dort wäre die kognitive Heterogenität eher sogar besser. Die Befunde widersprechen der Standardposition deutlich, womöglich wohl, weil in den bisherigen Analysen die theoretisch erforderlichen Daten nicht zur Verfügung standen oder die nötigen Analysen nicht vorgenommen wurden, insbesondere nicht in den Beiträgen mit den bisher meist verwendeten internationalen Vergleichsstudien.
Topological densities of periodic graphs
Authors: Shutov Anton , Maleev Andrey 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We propose a new method to calculate topological densities of periodic graphs based on the concept of layer-by-layer growth. Topological density is expressed in terms of metric characteristics: the volume of the fundamental domain and the volume of the growth polytope of the graph. Our method is universal (works for all d-periodic graphs) and is easily automated. As examples, we calculate topological densities of all 20 plane 2-uniform graphs and 14 carbon allotrope modifications.